bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of 2,3,5-trnodobenzoic Acid, Gibberellin and Row Spacing on Yield and Growth Parameters of Southern Peas
Authors: Hipp Billy W. , Cowley W. R.
Published: September 2022

Once-over harvest with a mechanical harvester is becoming more important in the production of many crops. This is particularly true for southern peas because a major item of expense in production of the crop is harvesting if hand harvested. Recently, research was reported concerning the use of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) for increasing adaptability of southern peas for mechanical harvest (3). The work by Hipp and Cowley (3) indicated better plant geometry for mechanical harvest but only a slight increase in yield when peas were grown on 38-inch beds. Prevatt and Lundy (4) reported smaller, more compact pea plants with the application of TIBA to southern peas. The use of TIBA on soybeans also results in small compact plants but yield increases are generally small when plants are grown on conventional 38-inch rows. Variations in row spacing appears to be the most logical method of increasing yield of peas since TIBA application generally results in reduced plant size (1,2,3,4,5). Experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Weslaco to evaluate the influence of TIBA and Gibberellin on the yield and growth parameters of California Blackeye No. 5 peas.
Stem-cavity Browning of McIntosh Apples1,2
Authors: Webster D. H. , Eaves C. A. , Forsyth F. R.
Published: September 2022

A browning of the stem-cavity region is frequently the first externally visible storage disorder to appear in Mcintosh apples. Stem-cavity brpwning is associated with core browning and is of commercial significance for it may develop after several days at 21°C during marketing (2). A somewhat similar disorder of Sturmer apples, stalk-end scald, was reported to preferentially affect terminal apples and to be controlled by scald inhibitors (3). Casual observation suggested that both size and position in the blossom cluster influenced development of stem-cavity browning of Mcintosh apples.
Regulation of Phosphorus Nutrition of Horticultural Crops1
Authors: Wittwer S. H.
Published: September 2022

Phosphorus occupies a unique position in the nutrition of horticultural crops. The net quantitative plant needs are not as great as for the other macro-nutrients. Crop removal is usually only a fraction of that for N, K, or Ca. Large quantities applied as fertilizer to the soil may revert to, or become fixed in, unavailable forms. There may be little movement from the area of placement. Although present in the soil it can be positionally unavailable. Seeded row crops and vegetable, strawberry, and flower transplants may show a marked response to applications of this nutrient in early spring but nothing later on.
Peach Thinning with Ethylene1
Authors: Martin George C. , Nelson M.
Published: September 2022

A resurgence of interest has been focused on the search for a chemical which would evolve ethylene after foliar application and thus induce plant growth responses. One such compound, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), has been under study as a peach thinner at the University of California orchards at Davis. It has been assumed that the peach thinning induced by Ethrel was caused by the ethylene gas which is released after application2. As an adjunct to the work with Ethrel, we were interested in the thinning action of ethylene gas and the resultant gross effects on the treated tree parts.
Evidence of a Respiratory Climacteric in Highbush and Lowbush Blueberry Fruit
Authors: Ismail Amr A. , Kender Walter J.
Published: September 2022

The respiratory rates for eight stages of development of highbush and lowbush blueberry fruits ranging from immature green to senescence are presented. Based on these data, the blueberry exhibits a typical climacteric respiration curve. An increase in temperature from 15.5°C to 25.5°C resulted in an increase in the respiration rate.
Plural-Seeded Acorns in Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.)1
Authors: Beck Allan R. , Weigle Jack L.
Published: September 2022

Plural-seeded acorns of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) were observed in seven of 18 trees, with one tree producing acorns containing as many as five seeds. The frequency of plural-seeded acorns for individual trees ranged from 0% to 62%. There was no correlation between diameter of acorns and number of seeds per acorn.
Pine Mortality Along Michigan Highways1
Authors: Davidson Harold
Published: September 2022

During the spring and fall of 1966, three thousand one hundred and forty-nine pine trees were planted along the Interstate Highway System in Michigan as part of the highway beautification program. The species included: Pinus nigra (Arnold) Austrian pine; P. resinosa (Aiton) red pine; P. strobus (1.) white pine; and P. sylvestris (L.) Scots pine. Plants ranged in size from two feet for some of the red pine, up to six feet for some of the white pine, but most plants averaged four to five feet in height. Specifications required: “that all plants be nursery grown and shall qualify under the AAN Horticultural Standards for the current American Standards for Nursery Stock, ASA Specification Z 60.1.” All of the plantings were made by landscape contractors, who were the successful bidders for each project.
The Effect of Temperature on Sub-terminal Bract Coloration of Poinsettia ‘Stoplight’1
Authors: Sink Kenneth , Carlson William
Published: September 2022

The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) cultivar ‘Stoplight’ was introduced to the floriculture industry in 1965 by Robert N. Stewart, U.S.D.A. at Beltsville, Maryland. The sub-terminal bracts of the cultivar have coloration in addition to those located terminally. ‘Stoplight’ is the first poinsettia cultivar noted for this type of bract coloration, and recent hybrid poinsettia introductions inherit this plant characteristic from ‘Stoplight’ parentage (2).
Similarities Between the Control of Flower Initiation and Cold Acclimation in Plants1
Authors: Howell Gordon S. , Weiser C. J.
Published: September 2022

It has been necessary for perennial plants to develop systems for sensing and reacting to environmental parameters. Their survival and perpetuation is determined, in large measure, by the timing of vital processes in relation to favorable and unfavorable cycles of environment. While the regulation of flowering by environmental stimuli has been extensively researched little is known about the control of cold acclimation. Recent studies show striking similarities between the control mechanisms for flowering and cold acclimation in temperate zone plants.
Influence of Ethrel Upon Highbush Blueberry Fruit Ripening1
Authors: Eck Paul
Published: September 2022

Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) applied as a foliar spray to blueberry two weeks before first harvest resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of the total yield of ripe fruit harvested in the first picking. The increase in fruit ripe at first picking occurred at a concentration of Ethrel as low as 240 ppm on the Weymouth variety, but for the Blueray variety 1920 ppm were needed to produce the same effect. Ethrel-treated berries were smaller and were less acid than control berries.
Morphological Changes in Ripening Fruit
Authors: Spurr Arthur R.
Published: September 2022

Many events in the ripening of fruit have received intensive study, yet we have little information on some of the structural changes involved. It is of value to summarize the current morphological information in the field of fruit ripening so that it may be considered in relation to the other contributions to this symposium. Not only is attention given here to structure during ripening, but some biochemical and physiological data in which structural changes are strongly implicated are considered. Our attention is limited to studies on the ripening of fleshy horticultural fruits; however, the phenomena considered may apply to other types of fruits or to other plant parts and tissues.
Environmental Factors Affecting Ripening of Fruits
Authors: Smock R. M.
Published: September 2022

Since the scope of this subject is too vast to cover details, only a broad outline pointing out some unanswered questions will be given.
Endosperm Development in ‘Maygol’ Peach1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Buchanan D. W. , Aitken J. B.
Published: September 2022

The development of the endosperm of the ‘Maygold’ peach may be used to predict the optimum time for chemical thinning. With this variety 3-chlorophenoxy alpha-propionamide (CPA) was most effective when fruit diameter and seed length were 24 and 13-14 mm, respectively. This stage occurred 29 days after full bloom when cytogenesis was completed in 35 per cent of the fruit.
Screening for Resistance to Lettuce Mosaic1
Authors: Ryder Edward J.
Published: September 2022

Since the publication of the list of lettuce lines and cultivars screened for resistance to common lettuce mosaic (2), many more materials have been screened. A second source of resistance was found and the screening technique was changed. This paper brings the list up to date and notes the changes.
Lucite—A Molding Plastic on Biological Slides1
Authors: Edwards T. W. , Sherman W. B.
Published: September 2022

Permanent microscopic slides generally consist of mounting stained tissues in Canada balsam or resin and protecting them with a cover glass. Application of the correct amount of mounting material is necessary to prevent cleaning of excess resin from slides. In addition, air bubbles are often caught under the cover glass and cannot easily be removed. Fast-drying liquid plastics offer a simple technique for solving this problem. Satisfactory permanent slides have been made by using a form of Lucite (methyl methacrylate polymer) to mount tissues (1). This form was soluble in xylene to yield 30 to 40% solutions (w/v).
A Rapid Stain for Plant Cell Nuclei1
Authors: Carmichael J. W. , Sherman W. B. , Schank S. C.
Published: September 2022

Recent studies in pollen germination, fertilization and embryo sac development have led to a search for a rapid nuclear stain. Pontacyl violet 6R3 (C.I. 16640) proved to be excellent in animal tissues (4) and was therefore tested for effectiveness with plant tissues.
Breeding for Insect Resistance in Vegetables1
Authors: Stoner Allan K.
Published: September 2022

Insects inflict over $185 million in losses to vegetables annually in the United States (Table 1). An additional $100 million or more is spent controlling vegetable insects. Totaled the losses and control costs amount to approximately 18% of the value of vegetables grown in the U.S.
Sweetpotato Plant Production as Influenced by Gibberellin and 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Bowers J. L.
Published: September 2022

Plant production was increased by treating ‘Centennial’ and ‘Julian’ sweetpotato roots with 250 to 1000 ppm GA or 1000 to 4000 ppm CEPA (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid). In general, GA treated plants were taller than controls and CEPA treated plants were shorter. Cutting roots into sections also increased plant production regardless of chemical treatment.
Winterhardiness in Strawberries for the Pacific Northwest1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Norton R. A. , Schwartze C. D. , Barritt Bruce H.
Published: September 2022

Winter injury is the greatest limiting factor in strawberry production in southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington. In recent years the problem has been accentuated by the susceptibility of the widely grown cultivar ‘Northwest’ to injury. During the winter of 1968-1969, conditions were such that severe injury occurred in strawberry plantings throughout the region. It was possible, therefore, to assess the relative winter hardiness of various cultivars and advanced selections, from the strawberry breeding programs in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, which had been placed at 5 locations in 1968. All the cultivars or selections were more winter hardy than Northwest and several appeared to have an outstanding level of hardiness. Some of the more hardy selections have as good processing quality as Northwest and at least one is likely to replace it within the next few years.
Differentiating Diploid from Tetraploid Seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L.1
Authors: Howard Ellison J. , Tiangco Elito S.
Published: September 2022

Tetraploid asparagus seedlings were produced from diploid seeds by means of colchicine treatment. Stomata length and cladophyll width were reliable characters for identifying diploids and tetraploids, but number of cladophylls per whorl and cladophyll length were unreliable.
The Influence of Growth Regulators and Temperature on Flowering of Seed Propagated Geraniums1
Authors: Carpenter William J. , Carlson William H.
Published: September 2022

The influence of B-Nine (2500 ppm), F 529 (1250 ppm), TIBA (250 ppm), IAA (100 ppm), Ethrel (1000 ppm), Cycocel spray (1475 ppm) and soil drench (2950 ppm) were investigated on seed propagated geranium, cv. ‘Carefree Scarlet’. IAA had no effect on date of flowering, plant height or branching, but TIBA sprayed plants flowered significantly earlier and Ethrel sprays significantly delayed it. Both TIBA and Ethrel sprays reduced geranium height at flowering and stimulated branching. A Cycocel soil drench caused earlier flowering, but sprays had no effect on flowering. In growth chambers with 12-hour light periods of 75 F and 12-hour dark periods of 70 F, 60 F, or 50 F, earliest flowering was at 70 F with 5 and 15 days delays at 60 F and 50 F. The number of nodes of terminal stems at flowering increased from 14 at 70 F to 16 at 60 F and 17 at 50 F night temperatures.
2, 4-D as an Air Pollutant: Effects on Market Quality of Several Horticultural Crops1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Denisen E. L. , Sherwood C. H.
Published: September 2022

Crops were grown in field plots under plastic-covered greenhouses for 3 years under ambient, charcoal-filtered, and charcoal-filtered with 2,4-D added atmospheres. No differences in market quality were found with green beans and raspberries. Deformed fruit in strawberries, uneven berry ripening in grapes, and blotchy ripening and deformed fruit in tomatoes occurred in “2,4-D added” treatment but not in “charcoal-filtered” treatment, while “ambient” was generally intermediate. The amount of 2,4–D in the atmosphere also influenced yields of grapes and strawberries.
Injury to City Plants from Industrial Emissions of Herbicides1
Authors: Lanphear F. O. , Soule Oscar H.
Published: September 2022

Injury typical of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was observed in a large area of St. Louis in the spring of 1969. Screening of chemicals from a local manufacturer of these herbicides revealed that at least 7 chemicals involved in the production of these herbicides produce symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Injury occurred from aqueous concn as low as 1 ppm as well as from vapors of the isobutyl ester of 2,4-D. The uniqueness of plant injury due to industrial emissions of herbicides demonstrates the need for using biological parameters in assessing air quality.
Differential Susceptibility of Sweet Corn Hybrids to Field Injury by Air Pollution1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Johnson Hunter , Taylor O. C. , Otto H. W.
Published: September 2022

Marked differential injury by air pollution to a group of sweet corn hybrids in 2 experimental field plantings in the Los Angeles Basin occurred in 1969. At Riverside, leaf damage ranged from nearly zero in 11 hybrids to slight to severe in 23 others. Damage was clearly related to cultivar and was associated with periods of high oxidant levels and high maximum temperatures. There was only a slight relationship between the market maturity date of a cultivar and its degree of damage.
Rusty-Brown Discoloration, a Serious Market Disorder of Western Winter Head Lettuce1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Porter F. M. , Kaufman J.
Published: September 2022

A serious market disorder of California and Arizona crisp-head lettuce is described and named “rusty-brown discoloration.” The disorder occurs in lettuce marketed during January-April, with a pronounced maximum in February. Losses on the New York market have increased steadily in recent years and were particularly severe in 1969. In February 1969, 90% of all western lettuce shipments inspected on the market were commercially damaged. Studies made with freshly harvested, air-shipped lettuce showed that the disorder increased markedly during 7-10 days’ storage at refrigerated temperatures. There was less rusty-brown discoloration development at 45° and 50° than at temperatures below 40°F. The cause of the disorder is not known.
Inheritance of Mottle-Leaf in Cucurbita moschata Poir.1
Authors: Coyne Dermot P.
Published: September 2022

Segregation in squash (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) crosses between a ‘Crookneck Butternut’ selection (green-leaf) × ‘Golden Cushaw’ (mottle-leaf) and ‘New Hampshire Butternut’ (green-leaf) × ‘Hercules’ (mottle-leaf) indicated that the mottle-leaf trait was primarily controlled by an incompletely dominant gene (M).
Effects of Plant Population and Pattern on Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in Single Harvest1
Authors: Palevitch Dan
Published: September 2022

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant population density and arrangement on the yield of broccoli cv. ‘Spartan Early’ in a single destructive harvest. Higher yields were obtained by increasing the plant population density, especially through the use of spacings approaching equidistant arrangements.
Thiabendazole and Benomyl for the Control of Postharvest Decay of Apples1
Authors: Cargo C. A. , Dewey D. H.
Published: September 2022

Postharvest treatment with thiabendazole (TBZ) or benomyl reduced the incidence of soft rot or blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum Thorn in ‘Mcintosh’ apple fruits. Both materials were significantly effective during cold storage or simulated marketing tests in which the apples were artificially punctured and then dipped in solutions containing rot inoculum and the chemical. All concentrations tested, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm TBZ and 75, 140, and 300 ppm benomyl, yielded rot control without affecting the respiratory activity of the apples.
Brown Tip of Gladiolus Induced by Applications of Fertilizer Materials1
Authors: Jenkins J. M.
Published: September 2022

Exposing gladiolus plants to ozone in a closed chamber, to strong winds produced by fans, or to leaf mutilation at the base did not result in any serious leaf injury. Sodium nitrate or potassium chloride applied on exposed roots caused the development of necrotic leaf tips. Superphosphate dusted lightly on the leaves caused severe brown tip.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Larsen R. Paul
Published: September 2022

In a very large measure the location and profitability of the fruit crops grown in this country are determined by cold and the consequences thereof. Horticultural history is filled with the tragic results of cold damage to fruit plants and their crops. All horticultural producing areas have been affected by various freezes at one time or another.
Rootstock-Scion Relationships in Hardiness of Deciduous Fruit Trees
Authors: Westwood M. N.
Published: September 2022

One of the key limiting factors in fruit production is bud or tree damage from fall or winter freezes. This is due to the selection of cultivars by criteria other than hardiness and to man’s attempt to extend otherwise good cultivars beyond their hardiness range.
Effects of 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid Treatment at Various Stages of Cucumber Development1
Authors: Lower R. L. , Miller C. H. , Baker F. H. , McCombs C. L.
Published: September 2022

Aqueous solutions of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) at concn of 120 ppm were applied twice at 48 hr intervals to monoecious cucumber plants having either 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 true leaves. Slight checks in plant growth were noted at treatments through the 6th leaf. Plants treated at either the 8th, 10th, or 12th leaf were severely checked in growth and pistillate flowers open at time of treatment and developing floral primordia aborted within a week; however, all treated plants recovered and flowering resumed 15-18 days after treatment. Ethrel treatment, regardless of time of application, resulted in increased no. of pistillate flowers, concentrated pistillate flower production, and a significant reduction in the no. of staminate flowers.
Evaluation of Pickles from Cucumber Plants1 Treated with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid
Authors: Miller C. H. , Lower R. L. , Fleming H. P.
Published: September 2022

Cucumbers from plants of a gynoecious cultivar treated with 0, 240, or 480 ppm 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)were made into fresh-pack pickles and brine stock and evaluated by experienced judges. Fruit from Ethrel-treated plants were shorter than those from untreated plants. Otherwise there were no significant differences in appearance, flavor, texture, firmness, bloater formation, or acceptability of the processed product.
A Further Note on Longevity of Strawberry Seed in Cold Storage1
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D.
Published: September 2022

In a germination test with strawberry seed of different ages stored at 40°F, 23-year-old seed germinated as well as 1-year-old seed. Germination was relatively high for all of the seed lots, despite differences in age.
An Economic Evaluation of Bulk Transport Handling of Tomatoes for Processing1
Authors: Sullivan G. H. , Uyeshiro R. Y. , Wilcox G. E.
Published: September 2022

Traditional methods of bulk handling mechanically harvested tomatoes in pallet bins were compared with handling in bulk trailer units. Substantially greater cost reduction resulted from the bulk trailer system; costs per ton to handle and transport mechanically harvested tomatoes in pallet bins averaged $4.59 compared to $1.86 under the bulk trailer system. Additional savings were realized from utilization of the equipment in the bulk trailer system with more than 1 mechanical harvesting unit.
Asparagus Tetraploids from Callus Tissue1
Authors: Malnassy Phillip , Howard Ellison J.
Published: September 2022

Ploidy levels were studied of asparagus plants propagated by rooted cuttings and callus tissue culture. A shift to the tetraploid condition was observed in the majority of plants derived via the callus tissue culture method and in rooted cuttings which developed callus as they rooted. Rooted cuttings without callus remained diploid. Meiotic abnormalities and low fertility were observed in the tetraploids.
Relation of Temperature and Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide on Berry Set in the ‘Concord’ Grape1
Authors: Tukey Loren D.
Published: September 2022

The no. of berries on primary and secondary clusters of ‘Concord’ grape vines was significantly increased by succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at each temperature exposure in field growth chambers: natural (average day 71° F, night 53°) 51%; warm (day 80°, night 55°-60°) 61%; and hot (day 90°, night 65°-70°) 29%. The SADH treatment also caused a significant reduction in cluster length when compared to the non-treated vine-half at each temperature exposure. The smallest berries were found on the SADH treated half of each vine, and the shortest length of clusters on the vine in the hot condition.
The Effects of Growth Retardants and Temperature on the Growth and Flowering of Poinsettia cvs. ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Eckespoint C-l’1
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Larson Roy A. , Hilliard Bobby G.
Published: September 2022

Two poinsettia cultivars, ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Eckespoint C-l’ were grown at 60° and 65°F night temperatures, and subjected to growth retardant treatments. 2-ChloroethyI trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) soil drenches resulted in the shortest plants, but effective height control was achieved with combination spray applications of CCC and succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), or CCC and N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid (F 529) applied once, or 2 foliar applications of CCC applied 3 weeks apart. Date of flowering was not appreciably affected by the growth retardants, but was affected by temperature. Flowering was accelerated at the warmer temperature, but plant heights and bract diam were similar at both temperatures.
A Clustering Technique Applied to Sweetpotato Incompatibility Classification1
Authors: Martin Franklin W.
Published: September 2022

Sweetpotato cultivars both as males and as females were classified into groups of related individuals on the basis of an index of similarity (correlation coefficients based on pollen tubes per stigma data). By gradually lowering the criterion of similarity the majority of the varieties were classified into one large group. At no stage of the process were inter-compatible, intra-incompatible groups found. A few cultivars, either as male or female, did not fit into the large group, and were also not clearly related to each other. Thus, this technique, as well as previous techniques, demonstrates the difficulty of incompatibility classification in sweetpotato, and the resultant lack of predictability of crossing ability.
Regulation of Sex Expression and Seed Development in Grapes with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Kender Walter J. , Remaily George
Published: September 2022

2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)2, applied to grapevines as an aqueous spray at 100, 200, or 400 ppm, induced hard seed formation in 6 of 13 seedless cultivars studied. Viable seeds were produced in 2 of these cultivars.

Ethrel also promoted femaleness in the staminate flowers of the SO4 rootstock, resulting in fruit and hard seeds in this normally fruitless cultivar.
Association between lichen planus and dyslipidemia: an experience from North India
Authors: Rather Parvaiz Anwar , Tilwani Mohd Rafiq , Khan Zahid Ali
Published: September 2022

Association between lichen planus (LP) and dyslipidaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors has been reported in many studies in the past, with variable results between studies.
The aim: this study was undertaken to study the association of lichen planus with dyslipidaemia.
Methods: this was a prospective hospital-based case control study conducted over a period of three years, on 105 prospective newly diagnosed male patients of lichen planus and equal number of age and sex matched controls. Fasting serum lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were measured, and comparison done between cases and controls.
Results: dyslipidaemia was found in 44 (41.9 %) lichen planus patients (cases) as compared to 28 (26.7 %) controls, the difference being statistically significance (p 0.020). Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol were significantly higher in cases than controls, whereas difference in the values of abdominal circumference and body mass index (BMI), although more in cases than controls was not statistically significant. Similarly, HDL-cholesterol values were less in cases than controls, but without statistical significance.
Conclusion: dyslipidaemia was more common in lichen planus (LP) patients, as compared to controls, suggesting that LP patients are at a higher risk of developing derangements of serum lipids and should be routinely and regularly monitored for dyslipidaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors, to detect cardiovascular diseases well in time. The result of present study strengthens the evidence of association between LP and dyslipidaemia.
Evaluation of the sleep hygiene index and physical activity states of the elderly living in nursing homes
Authors: Belice Tahir , Bölükbaşı Selman , Mandıracıoğlu Aliye , Konan Murat
Published: September 2022

The aim: the sleep quality and physical performance play a vital role in older adults’ well-being to maintain good overall health. Therefore, the parameters that have a role in sleep and physical capacity are crucial to achieve a healthy aging outcome. In this study, we aimed at comparing the quality of sleep and physical activity state of the elderly living in 5 nursing homes.

Methods: the 181 elderly individuals living in 5 nursing homes were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity, sleep hygiene index and demographics were analysed using SPPS 23.0.

Results: overall, 68.5 % of the participants were male, and 31.5 % were female. There was no significant correlation between the sleep hygiene scores and physical activity states (p >0.05). Those who were divorced, those who were on at least one type of medication, those who smoked and those with poor perception of health had statistically significant difference in terms of the Sleep Hygiene Index (p<0.05).

Conclusion: other than findings of the presented study that influence sleep and physical activity, the many other factors in different geographical areas or cultures could be a reason that is interrelated with sleep quality and physical performance of older adults. In this study, for primary care and family physicians to boost the sleep quality of the elderly, we recommend improving their health perception, quitting smoking, discontinuing unnecessary medications, and increasing their social interactions
Thermal equation of state of Fe3O4 magnetite up to 16 GPa and 1100 K
Authors: Siersch Nicki C. , Criniti Giacomo , Kurnosov Alexander , Glazyrin Konstantin , Antonangeli Daniele
Published: September 2022

Fe3O4 magnetite is an important mineral commonly found in various geological settings, including the planet Mars, whose thermoelastic properties at high pressure and temperature are still poorly constrained. We performed X-ray diffraction measurements on natural magnetite using resistive-heated diamond-anvil cells up to 16 GPa and 1100 K. We fitted a thermal equation of state (EoS) to the collected data resulting in K0 = 182(1) GPa, K0′ = 4, θD = 660 K, γ = 1.8(1), and q = 2.7. Moreover, it was possible to explore the structural evolution of magnetite in detail using single-crystal measurements. Over the studied pressure and temperature range, we found no evidence of a transformation from an inverse to a normal spinel structure. The EoS parameters obtained in this study will be implemented into currently available databases for self-consistent thermodynamic modeling. In particular, our results are used to model and compare the sound wave velocities of a magnetite-bearing and magnetite-free martian upper mantle assemblage. We observe that the incorporation of magnetite reduces the sound wave velocities; however, the magnitude of the effect is below the current seismic detection limit of the InSight mission on Mars at the low abundance of magnetite expected in the martian mantle.
The Excess Refractive Indices of Some Organic and Inorganic Components
Authors: Bozorova Dilbar T. , Gofurov Shukur P. , Kokhkharov Abdulmutallib M. , Ziyayev Mavlonbek A. , Umarova Feruza T. , Ismailova Oksana B.
Published: September 2022

To reveal the concentration-dependent optical properties of aqueous, ethanol
and toluene binary solutions, the refractometry method was used. The peak of
refractive indices corresponds to formed heteromolecular complexes with a certain
concentration. The bonds between the molecules formed in mixtures are also directly
related to their chemical structure. The bonds that form between polar and non-polar
compounds and also between polar protic and polar aprotic compounds are different.
All solutions were measured in the concentration range ~0÷1 mole fraction at room
temperature. In our work, we have shown that, along with Infrared and Raman
spectroscopy, the refractometric method is effective for the determination of formed
structures in mixtures.
Wsparcie turystyki w dobie pandemii COVID-19 Przegląd wybranych działań podejmowanych przez lokalne organizacje turystyczne
Authors: Borzyszkowski Jacek
Published: September 2022

Celem opracowania jest przegląd praktyk i działań podejmowanych przez lokalne organizacje turystyczne (LOT) na rzecz wspierania turystyki w dobie pandemii COVID-19, a tym samym przedsięwzięć ograniczających skutki tego kryzysu. W artykule wykorzystano pozycje literatury naukowej (problem wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na sektor turystyki oraz istota lokalnych organizacji turystycznych) oraz źródła internetowe (informacje nt. wybranych działań badanych organizacji na rzecz ograniczania skutków pandemii COVID-19). Artykuł został podzielony na dwie główne części. W pierwszej, mającej charakter wprowadzający, przedstawiono istotę lokalnych organizacji turystycznych, wraz z omówieniem ich podstawowych celów i zadań. Jednocześnie ukazano specyfikę systemu organizacji turystyki w Polsce, bazującego na trójstopniowym podziale. Druga, zasadnicza część, zawiera przegląd działań na rzecz ograniczania skutków kryzysu. Wykazano, że przedsięwzięcia te miały charakter dość zróżnicowany, chociaż można wyróżnić kilka dominujących sfer, charakterystycznych dla LOT, tj. działania informacyjne, promujące i propagujące akcje i przedsięwzięcia podejmowane przez podmioty zewnętrzne. Pandemia COVID-19 wpłynęła również na intensyfikację współpracy pomiędzy lokalnymi organizacjami turystycznymi. Podjęta w opracowaniu tematyka jest istotna z punktu widzenia możliwości ograniczania skutków sytuacji kryzysowych w sektorze turystyki. Przedstawione działania można traktować jako pewnego rodzaju wskazówki oraz „dobre praktyki” w zakresie wspierania struktur organizacyjnych. Tym samym można postrzegać je jako ewentualne narzędzia możliwe do wdrożenia przez inne podmioty w przypadku wystąpienia określonych sytuacji kryzysowych. Mimo przeglądowego charakteru artykułu, opracowanie zawiera syntetyczny obraz najważniejszych przedsięwzięć podejmowanych przez badane podmioty. Słowa kluczowe: pandemia COVID-19, lokalne organizacje turystyczne
Efectos de los disruptores endocrinos en la reproducción de rumiantes
Authors: Peña-Corona Sheila Irais , Pérez-Rivero Juan José , Vargas Dinorah , Juárez-Rodríguez Ivan , Mendoza-Rodriguez C. Adriana
Published: September 2022

Oral exposure to synthetic and natural endocrine disruptors (ED) at different stages of life is related to alterations in the reproductive system. Ruminants represent a model for studying the effects of ED in humans due to some similarities in their development. Ruminants are considered of great importance due to continuous exposure to pasture and contaminated soils and human consumption of their meat. The present review aims to describe ED effects in ruminants’ reproduction, when they are consumed in the perinatal, postnatal-pre-adulthood, and adult stages. Feeding with phytoestrogens (PE) rich forage has no nocive consequences on the male reproductive system at any stages of life; in females, they produce more significant harmful effects when administered in adulthood. In the perinatal and postnatal-pre-adulthood stages, negative effects of synthetic ED were found in both males and females. This review presents study opportunities for further research related to oral exposure to ED.
Productividad y características de la canal de ovinos suplementados con propionato de calcio
Authors: Flores-Santiago Ever Jesus , González-Garduño Roberto , Cobos-Peralta Mario Antonio , Mendoza-Pedrosa Sergio Iban , Alejos de la Fuente José Isidro , Cadena-Villegas Said , Díaz-Sánchez Erick Lorenzo , Bárcena-Gama José Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Objective. Evaluate the effect of the inclusion of calcium propionate (PCa) on productive variables and carcass characteristics in finishing lambs. Materials and methods. 24 male lambs of the Dorper * Pelibuey cross of 5 months of age were used, with an average body weight (μ ± SD) of 27 ± 2.7. Were assigned to one of three treatments [control (CON) and two PCa levels: 10 and 20 g/kg DM] in a completely randomized design (3 treatments, 8 repetitions per treatment, considering each lamb as an experimental unit). Response variables were reduced to 1 mean value for each lamb, and data were analyzed in SAS version 9.4 using Proc Mixed. Results. Daily weight gain (DWG), conversion (FCE) and feed efficiency (FEU) were higher by 13, 20 and 24%, respectively, due to the inclusion of 20 g PCa / kg DM (p≤0. 05). Chilled carcass weight (CCW), hot carcass dressing (HCD) and cold carcass dressing (RCF) were higher when increasing the inclusion level of PCa (p≤0. 05). Conclusions. Supplementation with PCa in doses of up to 20g / kg in finishing diets can improve production parameters and carcass performance without affecting dry matter intake (DMI).
Mining the Gems of a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention: Qualitative Analysis of Factors Aiding Completion and Implementation
Authors: Yadav Muskan , Neate Sandra , Hassed Craig , Chambers Richard , Connaughton Sherelle , Nag Nupur
Published: September 2022

Background

Digital health interventions provide a cost effective and accessible means for positive behavior change. However, high participant attrition is common and facilitators for implementation of behaviors are not well understood.

Objective

The goal of the research was to identify elements of a digital mindfulness course that aided in course completion and implementation of teachings.

Methods

Inductive thematic analysis was used to assess participant comments regarding positive aspects of the online mindfulness course Mindfulness for Well-being and Peak Performance. Participants were aged 18 years and older who had self-selected to register and voluntarily completed at least 90% the course. The course comprised educator-guided lessons and discussion forums for participant reflection and feedback. Participant comments from the final discussion forum were analyzed to identify common themes pertaining to elements of the course that aided in course completion and implementation of teachings.

Results

Of 3355 course completers, 283 participants provided comments related to the research question. Key themes were (1) benefits from the virtual community, (2) appeal of content, (3) enablers to participation and implementation, and (4) benefits noted in oneself. Of subthemes identified, some, such as community support, variety of easily implementable content, and free content access, align with that reported previously in the literature, while other subthemes, including growing together, repeating the course, evidence-based teaching, and immediate benefits on physical and mental well-being, were novel findings.

Conclusions

Themes identified as key elements for aiding participant completion of a mindfulness digital health intervention and the implementation of teachings may inform the effective design of future digital health interventions to drive positive health behaviors. Future research should focus on understanding motivations for participation, identification of effective methods for participant retention, and behavior change techniques to motivate long-term adherence to healthy behaviors.
The Effects of Acute Virtual Reality Exergaming on Mood and Executive Function: Exploratory Crossover Trial
Authors: Ochi Genta , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Fujimoto Tomomi , Ikarashi Koyuki , Yamashiro Koya , Sato Daisuke
Published: September 2022

Background

Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a new intervention strategy to help humans engage in physical activity to enhance mood. VR exergaming may improve both mood and executive function by acting on the prefrontal cortex, expanding the potential benefits. However, the impact of VR exergaming on executive function has not been fully investigated, and associated intervention strategies have not yet been established.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the effects of 10 minutes of VR exergaming on mood and executive function.

Methods

A total of 12 participants played the exergame “FitXR” under 3 conditions: (1) a VR exergame condition (ie, exercise with a head-mounted display condition [VR-EX]) in which they played using a head-mounted display, (2) playing the exergame in front of a flat display (2D-EX), and (3) a resting condition in which they sat in a chair. The color-word Stroop task (CWST), which assesses executive function; the short form of the Profile of Mood States second edition (POMS2); and the short form of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (TDMS), which assess mood, were administered before and after the exercise or rest conditions.

Results

The VR-EX condition increased the POMS2 vigor activity score (rest and VR-EX: t11=3.69, P=.003) as well as the TDMS arousal (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=5.34, P<.001; rest vs VR-EX: t11=5.99, P<.001; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.02, P=.01) and vitality scores (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=3.74, P=.007; rest vs VR-EX: t11=4.84, P=.002; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.53, P=.006), suggesting that VR exergaming enhanced mood. Conversely, there was no effect on CWST performance in either the 2D-EX or VR-EX conditions. Interestingly, the VR-EX condition showed a significant positive correlation between changes in CWST arousal and reaction time (r=0.58, P=.046). This suggests that the effect of exergaming on improving executive function may disappear under an excessively increased arousal level in VR exergaming.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that 10 minutes of VR exergaming enhanced mood but did not affect executive function. This suggests that some VR content may increase cognitive demands, leading to psychological fatigue and cognitive decline as an individual approaches the limits of available attentional capacity. Future research must examine the combination of exercise and VR that enhances both brain function and mood.
European Ideological Meanings in the Context of Peter the Great’s Royal Will
Authors: Chernikova Tatiana V.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of Russia’s ideology during the reign of Peter I. The author raises the question of Peter's revolutionary nature and examines the relationship between the “old” and “new” in the field of ideological prerequisites for the turn of Peter's Russia towards Europe. There is also considered the role of Tsar Peter I in the selection, interpretation and propaganda of borrowings from the Western European socio-political thought. Particular attention is paid to the image of Peter I as a symbol of the “new Russia” in the perception of compatriots and Western Europeans. As vivid examples of the era, there are analyzed the history of Peter's relationship with prominent scientist G.W. Leibniz, mental overtones in the decrees on barbering and wearing European clothes. The author agrees with the opinion of S.F. Platonov that Peter's reforms were “a modification of the old order,” rather than a revolutionary change. However, it is noted that by allowing the development of scientific knowledge in Russia, Peter laid the foundation for the beginning of an intellectual revolution in the future in the minds of the educated Russian society.
G.S. Treuer’s ‘Apology’ of Tsar Ivan the Terrible as a Tool for Forming a Positive Image of the Russian Monarchy in Europe in the Petrine Era
Authors: Eylbart Nataliya V.
Published: September 2022

The article presents an analysis of the historical, political and philosophical work of outstanding German scientist, Professor Gottlieb Samuel Treuer “Apology of Ivan Vasilyevich II, Grand Duke of Moscow, usually falsely accused of tyranny,” published in Vienna in 1711. It was found that this work was one of the first papers, one way or another devoted to Russian history, published in the West in the Petrine era. During the Great Northern War the tendency to compare the reign of Ivan the Terrible and Peter I was quite clear, due to the fact that the “Baltic issue” remained valid for Russia more than a century after the failures in the Livonian War. The Russian propaganda in Europe needed to present Ivan the Terrible as a great ruler, without excessive cruelty and tyranny. The analysis conducted by the author showed that Treuer brilliantly coped with the task. In his work he proved that all the actions of Ivan the Terrible were justified by the public necessity and the morals of the Russian people. The “Apology of Ivan Vasilyevich” also contributed to the fact that some representatives of German scientific thought got carried away by Russian history. Among them were, in particular, G.F. Miller and A.L. Schlözer.
Review of GosudarstvennyisovetvsistemeupravleniyaRossiiskoiimperii. Vtoraya polovina XIX v. [State Council in the management system of the Russian Empire. The second half of the 19th century] by N.V. Chernikova. Moscow: Nauchno-politicheskaya kniga Publ., 2021. 365 p.
Authors: Minakov Andrey S.
Published: September 2022

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Salas de cinema de rua de Santa Catarina (Brasil)
Authors: Pozzo Renata Rogowski , Candeia Luis Eduardo , Müller Yasmin Lopes
Published: September 2022

O artigo se propõe a narrar os caminhos de uma investigação, de práticas de ensino e extensão na Universidade, e de experiências de vida junto às antigas salas de cinema de rua do estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Constitui um relato que é também um convite aos leitores a um passeio por ruas imaginárias ou memoriais, nas quais encontramos essas arquiteturas continentes de histórias e permeadas por relações contraditórias entre a presença e a ausência, o lazer e a política. Objetiva mobilizar o olhar dos leitores para as múltiplas possibilidades de abordagem do problema do aparecimento e do desaparecimento das salas de cinema das centralidades urbanas, bem como, a complexidade imbuída na vontade de compreender a totalidade da questão e a inserção das salas em um contexto espaço-temporal específico. Partindo do campo teórico da Geografia, e estabelecendo contato com as histórias de cinema, as salas de cinema de rua são analisadas mediante escalas, que, na realidade, se intercalam em um movimento dialético entre o universal e o particular, o mundo e o lugar: internacional, nacional, regional, urbana e pessoal. Cartografar essas relações espaciais multidimensionais e dinâmicas consiste em um grande desafio, pari passu mostrou-se uma prática de grande potencial heurístico. Diversas fontes e métodos estão sendo mobilizados ao longo desse percurso, os quais envolvem principalmente pesquisa em arquivos públicos e pessoais, revisões teóricas, entrevistas e observações em campo.
Assessing the Factors That Influence Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward Working With Medically Underserved Populations
Authors: Herrera Ashley , Johnson Courtney , Anasi Chelsea , Cai Casey Ruoying , Raman Shivani , Rossopoulos Thanos , Cantu Katherine , Strenth Chance , Day Philip G. , Gimpel Nora
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The needs of medically-underserved populations (MUPs) are consistently outpacing the number of physicians caring for them. Medical students’ motivations toward working with MUPs consistently decline as they progress through medical school. Given the shortage of doctors caring for MUPs, the objective of our study was to further investigate factors that influence medical students’ motivation to work with MUPs while they progress through their education. By identifying these elements, we hope to recommend identified factors within medical education that support the development of more physicians who care for MUPs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study is an assessment of medical students at the University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School (UTSW). The study utilized the Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Underserved (MSATU), a validated survey that assesses medical student motivations toward the provision of medical care to MUPs. Surveys were administered at three time points selected to represent key transition points in medical education.   
Results: There was no significant difference between MSATU scores among the three time points. MSATU scores were higher among students who identified as female, had higher empathy, had higher value placed on teamwork, and had higher community-centeredness. MSATU scores were also higher among students planning to specialize in primary care compared to students planning to specialize in a non-primary care field (P=.239). 
Conclusion: This study identifies factors associated with high MSATU scores within UTSW medical education, including female identification, higher empathy score, higher emphasis on teamwork, higher community-centeredness, and plans to practice primary care. Additionally, the results support maintenance of MSATU scores across all three time points. Future research should examine individual-level data to determine whether individual students are maintaining their MSATU scores or if individual fluctuations are neutralized by group changes.