bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Kaki Bagian Dalam Melalui Gaya Mengajar Resiprokal Dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Pada Siswa Kelas IX 4 SMP Negeri 40 Makassar
Authors: Manduli Altanius , Munandar Wahyu , Sahibu Supriadi , Ferawati
Published: June 2023

Gaya mengajar Resiprokal yang tepat dalam proses pembelajarannya tentu itu akan menarik minat serta perhatian siswa terhadap pembelajaran tersebut dan bila siswa mulai menaruh minat dalam pembelajaran tersebut maka siswa pasti akan lebih mudah memahami dan mengerti tentang pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, refleksi, melalui gaya mengajar resiprokal passing dalam pembelajaran passing kaki bagian dalam pada permainan sepak bola SMP Negeri 40 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakaan sebanyak 3 kali pertemuan masing-masing di siklus I dan siklus II yang dirancangkan penelitian ini adalah kemampuan dasar passing kaki bagian dalam sebagai data (psikomotor) dan nilai soal-soal latihan sebagai nilai pengetahuan (kognitif). Pengamatan sebagai data sikap (afektif). Sumber data penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX 4 SMP Negeri 40 Makassar yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Pengumpulan data hasil belajar passing kaki bagian dalam dengan menggunakan lembar penilaian isian pada siklus I dan siklus II data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Hasil analisis kuantitatif data hasil belajar passing kaki bagian dalam menunjukkan bahwa jumlah siswa yang tuntas pada siklus I adalah 16 siswa dengan persentase 50%, sedangkan jumlah siswa yang tuntas di siklus II adalah 32 siswa dengan persentase 100%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan : bahwa pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani melalui gaya mengajar resiprokal passing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar passing kaki bagian dalam pada siswa kelas IX 4 SMP Negeri 40 Makassar.
NUMERICAL STUDIES ON REDUCING DRAG IN SEMI-TRAILER ASSEMBLY BY USING DIFFUSER
Authors: Abidat Abdulhakim Abd ullah , Shalaw Abduel Rhman  M , Ganaw Mustafa Salem
Published: June 2023

Recently, the fuel price has been continuous to increase, as result of those producers of heavy vehicles to resort the impatient aerodynamic design of heavy vehicles such as trucks, wagons, tractors as well as trailers. In this study make comparsion analysis of the drag coefficient for semi-trailer with four models which are three types of diffuser and another typ without diffuser.(Malviya, et al, 2008) In this study, compute the drag force on the four models of the semi-trailer, and take the optimisation design of diffuser and compute the effect side wind with semi-trailer without diffuser. In this paper the drag coefficient has decresed to by diffuser.
أخلاقيات ممارسة المهن الهندسية
Authors: أبو غريس صـالح محمد
Published: June 2023

تعرض  الورقة  موضوع  أخلاقيات  ممارسة  المهن  الهندسية  وأهمية  تطبيقه  في  مجال  الحياة العملية. وتبدأ بتعريف الأخلاقيات على أنها دراسة للمغزى الأدبي، أو في نطاق ضيق على أنها القواعد  والمعايير  المتحكمة  في  سلوك  المهندسين  أثناء  تأدية دورهم  كمهنيين،  والتمييز  بينها وبين  الأخلاقيات  الشخصية. وتنطلق بعدها إلى مفهوم ممارسة المهن الهندسية والفرق بين دراسة العلوم الفيزيائية والعلوم  الهندسية حيث لا تتجسد دراسة الأخيرة في استيعاب مفاهيم أعمق للطبيعة فحسب، كما هو الحال في  العلوم الفيزيائية، ولكن لتغير هذه الطبيعة إلى الأفضل. ويتطلب هذا معرفة القضايا المجهرية ذات العلاقة  بالقرارات المتخذة من قبل الأفراد والشركات عند متابعة مشاريعهم، والعينية؛ المتعلقة بالقضايا العالمية كالتوجه نحو التطور التقني وسن القوانين التنظيمية.   وتعرض الورقة أيضا كيفية التعامل مع معضلات الأخلاق التي يواجهها المهندسون أثناء ممارسة المهن الهندسية بما فيها من مبادئ متناقضة لهذه الأخلاقيات. فمثلا،ُوِجَد أمام مهندسين عاملين على مشروع تصنيع معضلة واضحة جدا. فقد تم القيام بتحليل الأسعار بحيث يمكن تسويق المنتج المصنع  بنجاح عند سعر معقول إن تم إهمال تطوير بعض أجزاء المنتج في التصنيع. وقد يؤدي هذا الإهمال إلى  حدوث كوارث عند استخدام المنتج. وكان الخيار أمام مهندسي ومدراء الشركة المصنعة يقع في تحديد  التوازن بين سلامة المستخدمين لهذا الإنتاج والفائدة المالية للشركة، وهل تستطيع الشركة بيع الإنتاج  المصنع  وأن  تحصل  على فائدة  مالية  كبيرة  إن  لم  تهمل  التطوير  المذكور؟  وتم  تنفيذ  المشروع  بدون  التطوير،  وكانت  النتيجة  محاكم  جنائية  وسمعة  سيئة  وتعويضات  مالية  فاقت  مكاسب  الشركة  في  هذا المشروع.  كما تعرض الورقة عددا من الحالات الموثقة التي أوضحت العديد من القضايا التي أدت إلى حدوث كوارث البعض منها مميت. وكانت جميع هذه الحالات تشترك في أن شيئا سيئا حدث.
Switching overvoltage calculations and reduction, for 400 KV-line connecting Khoms and Gmmra substations
Authors: Elshekhi Abubkr Ali , Tamtum Ali , El Dabar Shukri
Published: June 2023

Transient overvoltage in power systems is one of the most important issues to be considered for system stability.  Switching surges is one of the most important reasons that cause  Transient  overvoltage.  This paper presents a full study  of  the  high-voltage  line  connecting  KHOMS  and  GMMRA  substations.  The study utilizes the Alternative Transient  Program  (ATP)  to  compute  the  transient overvoltage due to switching surges (line closing and re-closing); as well as presenting the  usage of surge arrester with pre-insertion resistor to reduce the upper limit of transient overvoltage.  The results present the positive effect of using surge arrester and resistor switching element to limit transient overvoltage and keep it at  certain  level;  as  well  as  damping  the  isolation  in  the  voltage  waveform.
Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of Surface Films and Their Relation To the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steels
Authors: Sasi Giuma
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical  and  mechanical  techniques  were  used  to  grow  films  and  study  some  of  their  properties.  Polarization  curve  measurements  were  performed  on  Cr-Mo  alloy  steel  specimens  in  carbonate/bicarbonate  solutions at 75 ˚C .Films were grown at -700, -725, -750, -800 and -850 mV at 75 ˚C. It was found that stress  corrosion cracking (SCC) was most likely to occur between -650 and -750 mV (SCE). AC impedance and nano- hardness of the films were measured. The results showed that the impedance of the films grown within (SCC)  range  had  diffusion  control  behavior  which  indicated  passivity  whereas  the  impedance  of  the  films  grown  outside the (SCC) range showed charge transfer behavior which meant that they were not passive. This result  implies that the passive films might cause SCC in Steels. The films grown within the (SCC) range had  relatively   high hardness compared to those grown outside the range which indicated that the films grown within the range  were brittle and might induce SCC in steels.
دراسة اقتصادية لتقدير دالة الطب على الواردات الليبية من الالبان خلال الفترة (1990-2013)
Authors: محمد سعد عريف , موسى محمد سالم , السكران علي خليفه
Published: June 2023

.
اثر التحول التاريخي على التحول الفراغي و الوظيفيي للبيئة الحضرية
Authors: الشطيح الهادي على , بن ضو سعاد سالم , الزاوي نادية خليفة
Published: June 2023

تدرس هذه الورقة تاثير التحول التاريخي على التحول الوظيفي و الفراغي, و تحديدا ثاتير توزيع المباني العامة على￼ تحديد مركزالمنطقة التجارية و التغيير في نمط التركيبة الفراغية "للقاهرة" خلال المرحلة التاريخية الاولي لنشوها(641م - 1800م). تساعد الدراسة على فهم تاثير القرارات السياسية على التوزيع الوظيفي و التكوين الفراغي. تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الكمي باستخدام نظرية الجملة الفراغية (Space Syntax) و تحديدا تقنية الخرائط المحورية Axial maps لاعادة تمثيل التركيبة الفراغية للمدينة لكل تحول تاريخي و وظيفي في المباني العامة. وللتحقيق في التشكل الوظيفي والمكاني, حددت ثلاث خرائط مورفولوجية تمثل المرحلة التاريخية الاولي مابين 1348م و 1798م لاحتواها لقمة التكوين الحضري للمرحلة التاريخية الاولى. تم تحويل الخرائط المورفولوجية الثلاثة إلى خرائط محورية و أضيفت عليها المباني العامة والمباني الدينية والمباني التجارية و المعالم المهمة للتحقيق من العلاقة بين التحول الوظيفي و الفراغي في كل مرحلة مورفولوجية ولوصف البنية النحوية للمدينة بمرحلتها التاريخية الاولي. الدراسة اوضحت ان مع كل أعادة توزيع للمباني العامة في كل مرحلة مورفولوجية يعقبه تغير في شكل و موقع المركز النحوي, المعرف بمجموعة الفراغات او الشوارع الاكثر اتصالا, والذي بدوره يعيد تعريف موقع نواة المركز التجاري وكذلك نمط الشكل الحضري على كل مستوياته
دارسة تأثير البنية الداخلية على جودة الاسطح بعد التشغيل
Authors: الفيتوري مفتاح عمر علي , بن حليم صلاح الدين احمد
Published: June 2023

تعتبر جودة الأسطح أسطح المشغولات من أىم متطمبات الصناعة عموما وتشغيل المعادن بصفة خاصة وان كان ما يهمنا على وجه التحديد هي أسطح أجزاء الآلات التي يتم تشغيلها بالأساليب المختلفة  لقطع المعادن نظراً لارتباطها معا في ازدواج حركي أو غير حركي ومن هنا انبثق أهمية تشطيب الأسطح وجودتها . ولذلك لا تتوقف جودة الأسطح الناتج عن عمليات إازلة الرائش على غرض بعينة .إن جودة السطوح الملساء في درجة عالية من النعومة تعطي كفأه عالية في الوظيفة والأداء حيث تحدث انحرافات في الأسطح نتيجة العديد من المشاكل من أهمها البنية الداخلية للعينة . ولذلك تمت الدراسة لهذه المشكلة بشكل مفصل حيث أخذنا عينات من الصلب الكربوني وأخضعتاها لعمليات من المعالجة الحرارية لكي يتم تغير البنية الداخلية للمعدن وأجري بعد ذلك العديد من عمليات التشغيل بالخراطة  على سرعات مختلفة ثم الاختبارات منها الكشف المجهري للتعرف على البنية الداخلية بعد المعالجة و اختبارات الخشونة لمعرفة خشونة السطح و أتضح بعد تحميل النتائج أن البنية الداخلية تؤثر تأثير مباشر على  جودة السطح حيث كل ما صغر حجم الحبيبات البلورية المترابطة قلت  خشونة  المنتج  و تحسنت  جودة  السطح.
Influence of Design Parameters on Grounding Grid Performance:
Authors: Bin Rahma Suliman
Published: June 2023

Many design parameters are known to affect the characteristics of a substation grounding system, in terms of its quality and efficiency. The most relevant of theseparameters are soil resistivity, number of meshes within a grounding grid, and the use of grounding rods in the grid. Grounding rods may contribute to quality and efficiency of substations in terms of their dimensions, distribution within the grid, and material. In this study, the effects of the number meshes and grounding rods on the quality and efficiency of Al khoms substation have been investigated.
CAPTCHA Based on The Form of Letters
Authors: Hasan Walid , Alquncul Thani , Saad Faraj
Published: June 2023

The internet has been playing an increasingly influential role in human daily life, with the availability of many web services such as email, search engines and social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat. However, these are often threatened by attacks from computer programs such as bots.  To address this issue, CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) was developed to distinguish between computer programs and human users. One of simplest CAPTCHA is Text CAPTCHA where characters with some noise are presented to the user to type these characters where he could do that but the bot programs cannot. In spite of the fact that this system offers great security and limits of confinement programmed enrollment to web administrations, Text CAPTCHA has a few weaknesses which enable programmers to reach the mechanism of the CAPTCHA. This paper presents an improved Text CAPTCHA method based on the form of Letters.
ESTIMATION OF WING WEIGHT IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE FOR TACTICAL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLS
Authors: Essari Abdulhakim Muhammad
Published: June 2023

New formula for wing weight estimation, in conceptual design phase is derived for a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV). Formula is derived by analyzing existing UAVs of the weighs from 100 to 500 kg, and which have similar characteristics. The materials suggested for UAV weight design are aluminum alloys and aluminum based composite materials. Software tools are developed in Matlab to facilitate takeoff and component weight calculations. The least square method is applied to analyze statistical data in order to develop trend functions which correlate TUAVs empty weight and takeoff weight. Existing formulas, developed for general aviation, for wing and takeoff weight estimations are applied to TUAV and promising one are selected and adjusted to TUAV conceptual design phase. Wing weight is related to geometrical parameters, maximum speed, and takeoff weight of the TUAVs. All existing and newly developed formulas are applied to typical TUAV example to validate it applicability.
Assessment of Microbial and Chemical Contamination in Re-Usable 18 Liter Bottled water Marketed in Tripoli City and its Suburbs
Authors: Elyaagubi Fathi K. , EL-Nakeib Salem M. , Adam Hassin N. , Shaktur Amjad T.
Published: June 2023

The increasing population and limited drinking water, resources have enhanced the necessity of using bottled water. Transmission of the waterborne disease is a major concern of public health, and it is important to know chemical and microbial contamination of bottled water. This study was to investigate the microbial and chemical contamination in 18liters refilled water samples consumed inTripoli city and its suburbs. 40 samples of bottled water were collected randomly from ten different brands. All the samples meet standard of the WHO guidelines. The  mean  values  of  nitrate, nitrite, turbidity, Na+, K+ and pH parameters were 7.10 mg/l, 0.013 mg/l  , 0.36 NTU, 8.60 mg/l, 0.32 mg/l and 7.64, respectively.  Results showed that the mean and standard devation of total coliforms bacteria were detected in 14.42% bottles water. The high levels of microbial faecal indicators recorded in this study indicate the possibility that pathogenic microorganisms and parasites might be present in the 18liters refilled bottles currently offered for sale at the local market. Such a situation might pose a threat to public health. Since the bottles are of the re-usable type, thus, the reasons behind the high levels of contamination of most brands of bottled water included in this study could be due to inefficient cleaning and sanitizing of the bottles before refilling, utilization of water from unsafe sources and inefficient sanitizing of water.
Switching Optimization By Neural Networks
Authors: Abaid Mansour M. , Sharf Musbah A.
Published: June 2023

The priority switching problem is a combinatorial optimization problem searching for the best solution for frame forwarding in a switch. To solve this problem, the modified Hopfield neural network, what is able to solve the priority switching problem is introduced.
AN UPDATE REVIEW ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CELLS; MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS (MDSCS) IN CANCERS
Authors: Albarbar Balid
Published: June 2023

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous subsets of  immune cells and they function to inhibit host T cells activation leading  to  tumour  growth.  Currently,  the  majority  of  studies  support  key  contributions  of  MDSCs  to  tumour  progression  via  direct  mechanisms  immune   mediated   and   indirect   mechanism   which   is     not   directly  associated with immune suppression. Due to the complexity of MDSCs  heterogeneity, the aspect of MDSCs phenotype, morphology and function  is  poorly  investigated  up  to  date.  And  for  this  reason,  this  review  will  provide  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  the  role  and  function  of  MDSCs  in  cancer  patients.  Targeting  the  immunosuppressive  cells  MDSCs may improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients in  future.
A STUDY ON OA & OER IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES
Authors: Abughres Wael , Mgheder Mohamed , Albhbah Atia
Published: June 2023

Since Open Education Resources (OER) approved in the early 2000s,  it has grown as a major source of free learning materials for higher  education; it is available for anyone to reuse, revise and redistribute  based  on  the  Creative  Commons  (CC),  ready  to  give  people  worldwide  equal  access  to  collective  knowledge  and  quality  education by making good quality lectures, curricula, and books. In  this paper, a brief history of OER is stated, then focused on categories  of OER, ending with a discussion of the impact on reducing spending  money on books compared to (Open Access) OA and OER
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DOS ATTACKS ON LANS USING VLANS
Authors: Bentaher Omran Ali , Hawedi Hadya , Abodhir Kaled
Published: June 2023

The separation of critical services from noncritical services can occur  on  layer  two  broadcast  domain.  Separation  could  involve  the  isolation  of  broadcast  or  collision  domains  through  Virtual  Local  Area  Networks  VLANs.  This  helps  reduce  the  risk  of  Address  Resolution Protocol ARP storms during heavy scanning events or  denial of service attacks DoS. The major threat on the network is DoS  attacks which use the broadcast storm flooding as TCP syn flood to  engage the servers. This paper demonstrate how VLANs could be  used  to  reduce  the  impact  of  DoS  attacks  on  the  servers.  The  simulation  was  carried  out  using  Cisco  Packet  Tracer  6.0.1.  Two  scenarios were presented, first one showed flooding the server before  VLANs  and  second  scenario  showed  how  VLANs  could  reduce  flooding  the  servers  so  using  VLANs  reduce  the  impact  of  DoS  attacks as mentioned in scenario two.
Effect of Microwave Power on the Yield of Essential Oil from Lavender
Authors: Abed Kaled Ali
Published: June 2023

Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is the most widely used method to extract essential oil from several types of plants. MAE is considered to provide a shorter period for extraction and needs less amount of solvent compared to conventional methods. Hence, it should be an environment-friendly approach. In this particular study, the extraction of lavender oil was undertaken using the MAE method. This study aimed to investigate the effect of microwave power on the yield of essential oil from lavender. The experiment was conducted using a Miniflow 200SS instrument at microwave power ranging from 50 W to 200 W. The extraction temperature and ratio of material to solvent were constant at 100°C and 1:2 respectively. The maximum weight of lavender was approximately 15g. The highest yield of 1.8673%±0.054 was obtained with 175 W for 595 sec of microwave heating. The optimum microwave power was 150 W where the sample consumed 25.24 Wh and presented a yield of about 1.8346 ±0.049%. The obtained results have shown that microwave power has a slight improvement in the yield at higher microwave power if the same amount of energy is consumed by the materials.
An in Vitro Comparison of The Shear Bond Strength of Human Teeth to Bovine Teeth in The Bonding Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Abdelmegeed Elsanuse Saied
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate bovine enamel as such an alternative. Methodology: Ten human premolars and ten bovine incisors were bonded with two types of brackets, metallic brackets and ceramic brackets, using two types of adhesives, a composite resin adhesive (Concise) and a glass ionomer cements (Fuji Ortho LC). All samples were bonded and subjected to 750 cycles of thermocycling between 4°C and 55oC with a dwell time in each temperature of 10 seconds and a 9 seconds interval between the two containers. Shear bond strength was tested using an universal Instron testing machine operating at cross head speed 0.02”/minute. Results: For brackets bonded with Concise, mean shear bond strength of bovine enamel was significantly lower than human teeth. Metallic Brackets bonded to bovine enamel exhibited 45%less bond strength than human enamel and ceramic brackets showed 28%less bond strength. No significant difference was observed between mean shear bond strength of either metallic or ceramic brackets bonded to bovine and human enamel when the adhesive used was glass ionomer cement. Conclusion: Bovine teeth could be used as alternatives to extracted human teeth for orthodontic bracket bonding studies.
Work Efficiency Model Based on Posture in Horizontal
Authors: Shokshk Ali Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Uncomfortable posture may not contribute only to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) but also to the loss of energy and the decrease in work efficiency (WE). Measuring WE based on activity energy expenditure (AEE) have not got much attention in work places. The study aims to develop a model of work efficiency (WE) based on body posture for performing horizontal drilling tasks. Ten subjects, all men with an average age of 23.3 ± 0. 67, participated in the experiment. Six coordinated postures of shoulder and trunk flexion were tested. Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE) and Work Efficiency (WE) were the dependent variables. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that statistically significant trends (P <0.01) of increasing AEE while the trunk and shoulder move away from the neutral posture. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into assessing WE on the basis of the AEE and the activity wasted energy (AWE) due to unproductive movements while standing in difficult postures, taking the neutral posture as a zero reference of wasted energy.
Investigation on Properties Deterioration of GF PA3200 Powder in Laser Sintering Process
Authors: Abid M. EM. , Hamel M. A. , Zabti M. M. , Dakhil Abdulmuhsen
Published: June 2023

This study is designed to investigate the Glass-filed GF polyamide (PA3200) GF, nylon 12 behaviour due to deterioration of the powder. For describing and understanding these causes to find systematic approach to improve the quality of parts and to reduce the orange peel texture. The thermal behaviour and melt flow rate (MFR) of the virgin and recycled were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melt flow rate testing (MFR). DSC results indicated that the three transitions temperatures were affected by reprocessing (number of cycles). MFR testing showed that the melt flow rate of glass filled (PA3200) powder was decreased by the temperature, time and reprocessing. The main problem related to this practice is how to choose the right amount of recycled powder to be blended with virgin powder, in order to obtain materials that have good properties, do not show significant variation from the virgin powder, without greatly deteriorate the properties of the final material with respect to the virgin one. However its quality was degraded due long hours expose at elevated temperature caused molecular chain structure and thermal properties have changed.  For this reason and according to the EOS and 3D systems companies this investigation used 50% old blended with 50% virgin powder.
THE EFFECT OF BUTCHER SANITATION ON MICROBIOAL QUALITY OF MINCED BEEF MEAT WITH REFERENCES TO ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7
Authors: Mohamed Aiada Daw
Published: June 2023

Objective: The aim of this study determination the effectiveness of meat processing and hygienic status of butchers on the microbial load of minced meat. Methods: the minced beef samples (140 fresh and frozen samples) were collected from different butchers sites and some shops in Alexandria. The samples were, analyzed for its microbial quality (APC, TCC and ECC of minced beef and the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Results: Regarding sanitation sites, 25% unsatisfactory samples recorded in good and bad sanitation sites according to their APC and TCC. However, there was a statistical difference when comparing according to their E. coli count (p=0.047). Neither wearing gloves nor lab coats affected statistically the quality of examined minced beef. None out from all examined beef samples showed E. coli O157: H7. Conclusion: The hygienic status of collection sites affected significantly by E. coli count. Wearing gloves and lab coats by butcher minimizes the bacterial contamination.
Effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba on functional sperm parameters of male rats
Authors: Ilfergane Abdulkarem A. , Bojwari Galal A. S. , Elmogasapi Abdusslam M.
Published: June 2023

Artemisia species have a high economic value in several fields, as food plants and as antihelminthic and antimalarial in medicine Many of the species of Artemisia have found their way into folklore medicine. In Libya commonly referred to as wormwood also called Alshih, the genus Artemisia is represented in Libya by seven species namely A. arborescens L, A. campestris L, A. glutinosa, A. herba-alba, A. judaica, A. monosperma and A. variabilis. This study, for the first time, documented the effects of an aqueous extraction of Artemisia Herba-Alba in the rat investigating male reproductive functions. From the results obtained, it is evident that the herbal extract in the low dose (10mg/kg) had a beneficial effect on all parameters, with the exclusion of sperm morphology. In this regard, active compounds present in the plant might have caused an increased production of serum testosterone which resulted in the enhancement of sperm quality in the rat. Another explanation for the increase in sperm functionality might have been induced by the presence of components within the plant of Artemisia Herba-Alba causing the efficient removal of zinc from spermatozoa enabling them to reach optimal motility. It is also possible that these two explanations given above could have occurred simultaneously, thereby enhancing the positive effects observed within this study. This study indicated that the traditional use of this herbs has effects on male reproductive health.
حساب الاحمال الحرارية لمخازن التجميد باستخدام برنامج INTARCON ومقارنته بنتائج التحليل الرياضي
Authors: الهـدار أنـور محمد حمدان , الوهاب عماد عمر , ميلاد أبوبكر عبد السلام حسين
Published: June 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة الي ابراز الدور الهام لبرنامج  (INTARCON)في حساب الاحمال الحرارية لمخازن التجميد، حيث تم في هذه الدراسة حساب الاحمال الحرارية  باستخدام برنامج (INTARCON) ومقارنتها بالنتائج المتحصل عليها بالحسابات الرياضية، وقد أجريت الدراسة علي مخزن تجميد افتراضي يستخدم لخزن السمك في منطقة الخمس ليبيا، وتم خلال هذه الدراسة تجميع بيانات الموقع الجغرافي وبيانات المبني ومن تم حساب الاحمال الحرارية من خلال المعادلات الرياضية وكانت ( kw41.35)  بعد ذلك تم حساب الاحمال الحرارية لنفس المبنى وبنفس البيانات باستخدام برنامج (INTARCON)، وقد كانت النتائج المتحصل عليها (kw40.7)، ونظراً للتقارب بين النتيجتين حيث لم يتجاوز الفرق بينهما  1.57.% لذلك تؤكد  هذه الدراسة موثوقية هذا البرنامج في حساب الاحمال الحرارية لمخازن التجميد.
COMPENSATION OF MACHINE TOOL THERMAL ERROR BASED ON VIRTUAL SENSORS
Authors: Abdulshahed Ali M
Published: June 2023

Thermal errors can have a significant effect on CNC machine tool accuracy. The thermal error compensation system has become a cost-effective method of improving machine tool accuracy in recent years. Thermal errors of ball screw system directly affect the positioning errors of CNC machine tools. This paper illustrates how virtual sensors for temperature measurement can support the thermal model to predict the thermal errors while reducing the temperature monitoring cost. Experimental results under different working conditions were performed and the proposed model for thermal error compensation proves to be accurate in predicting the thermal error of CNC machine tools.
Low and High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol as A Treating and Coupling Agent in High Density Polyethylene/Date Palm Tree Fiber Composites
Authors: Shebani Anour , Etmimi Hussein , Ahmed Ebtesam , Abujarir Omaya , Rhab Abdalbary
Published: June 2023

nical properties and water absorption (WA) behavior of high density polyethylene/date palm tree fiber (HDPE/DPTF) composites were investigated. Two different parts of the date palm tree (mesh and leaflets) were used. The focus was on studding the combination effect of using both low and/or high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a treatment and coupling agent, respectively on shore D hardness, impact strength and water absorption behavior of the composites. Morphological properties of the prepared composites were also investigated. Results showed that treating the fibers with low molecular weight PEG had a significant effect, which resulted in composites with better shore D hardness and impact strength compared to pure HDPE and composites made with untreated fibers.  Furthermore, the use of high molecular weight PEG as a coupling agent resulted in better impact strength and shore D hardness, indicating the presence of a strong interaction between the fibers and the HDPE matrix. Morphological observations of composites made with untreated fibers by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the formation of some fiber aggregation, fiber debonding and fiber pullout in composites made with untreated fibers. Contrary, the composites made with PEG as a treatment and/or coupling agent showed no fiber aggregation or fiber debonding.
Features Optimization of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Texture Classification
Authors: Albkosh Fthi M A. , Mohamed Alsadegh S. S. , Elrowayati Ali A. , Awinat Mamamer M
Published: June 2023

Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is one of the most popular texture analysis methods. The fundamental issue of GLCM is the suitable selection of input parameters, where many researchers depended on trial and observation approach for selecting the best combination of GLCM parameters to improve the texture classification, which is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes a new optimization method for the GLCM parameters using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) to improve the binary texture classification. For the testing, 13 Haralick features were extracted from the UMD database, which has been used with the multi-layer perceptron neural network classifier. The experimental results proved that, the proposed method has been succeeded to finding the best combination of GLCM parameters that leads to the best binary texture classification accuracy performance.
Enhanced Dct Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Zonal Sampling Algorithm Applied With Sspce Contour Extraction, Ramer and Adaptive Triangle Contour Compression Methods
Authors: ElBireki Majdi Farag Mohammed , Ukasha Ali Abdrahman M , Dofan Jamal Ali Ramadan , Abdullah M. F. L.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes an image watermarking scheme based on DCT transform and selected zonal sampling algorithms. The scheme used LPF and HPF transform coefficients in a certain geometric zone of the original image are retained. All the rest of the parameter is set to zero (0), quantized and transmitted where the watermark will be embedded. In order to test robustness, some attacks are performed.  However, prior to the watermark extraction process, the attacked watermarked image will be subdued into contour processing methods using Single Step Parallel Contour Extraction, Ramer and Adaptive Triangle algorithms. The proposed method for contour compression will help enhance image recognition, security and especially where time (speed) is an essential factor. The results show that the proposed watermarking method is robust and secure against various signal/image processing attacks with PSNR values of approximately 35 dB with NCC values of 0.60 and above. In addition, experimental results from contour compression indicate that the proposed Adaptive Triangle method has a high compression ratio without significant visible distortion
Simulation of the Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide During Accidental Releases from Gas Processing Facilities
Authors: Sultan Omar , Kharouba Wiam , Eshreaf Hasan
Published: June 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from oil facilities is an important and effective way to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Consequently, gas-processing facilities will be dealing with a tremendous quantity of CO2 with high pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to simulate the dispersal of CO2 gas leakage from high-pressure pipelines of the gas-processing facilities. The modeling of CO2 leakage from pipelines at CCS process has been problematic because of the lack of appropriate source term models that handle the complex behavior of CO2 correctly during release. In this study, OLGA 7 simulator was utilized for predicting outflow rates and duration of ruptured CO2 pipelines at different leakage scenarios (leakage sizes). OLGA 7 simulator was selected due to its capabilities in simulating gas pipeline leak scenarios in various designs and operating conditions such as Operation Pressure, Isolation valve spacing (IVS), and Emergency response time (ERT). The results of the OLGA 7 simulator provide appropriate source conditions for the selected dispersion models. Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model was chosen to simulate the CO2 gas dispersion behavior within the platform; it is very effective and simple. The effect of operating and design parameters (Operation Pressure, Isolation valve spacing (IVS), and Emergency response time (ERT) on the dispersion behaviors of the released gas in different leak scenarios was studied. The results showed that the emergency response time has the greatest effect on the mass of the accumulated leak (kg) and thus on the level of gas concentrations, and this effect is more pronounced for large leakage sizes. Also, the results showed that the emergency response time had no effect on levels of distance gas concentrations, but it had a significant effect on the duration of the leaking.
KINETICS AND ISOTHERM STUDY FOR ADSORPTION OF METHYL ORANGE DYE INTO LOW COST AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCT (OLIVE SOLID WASTES) AS ADSORBENT
Authors: Yagub Mustafa , Altomy Aisha
Published: June 2023

The removal of dyes from wastewater is a matter of great interest in the field of waste water treatment. The effluents from many industries often contain one or more toxic dyes. methyl orange (MO) is one of the most common water-soluble dyes. Therefore, an increased interest has been focused on removing such dyes from wastewaters. In general, several methods are used for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Among the treatment methods, adsorption is comparatively superior. Agricultural wastes are renewable and available abundantly at no or low costs. Due to the abundant availability at no or low costs, little processing cost and ability to biodegrade Olive Solid Wastes (OSW) materials, an agricultural by-product, were identified as a potential adsorbent material for wastewater treatment in this study. Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of methyl orange onto Olive Solid Wastes (OSW) particles. The operating variables studied were initial solution pH, initial dye concentration, and OSW dose. Equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich isotherm equation. The monolayer sorption capacity of OSW for methylene blue sorption was found to be 101 mg/g. The sorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo second order kinetic model
Adsorption of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Marble Waste
Authors: Aljfairi Khaled , Alfeluo Jmal , Alburki Salem , Elgabo Mohammed , Belgarat Alaa
Published: June 2023

The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern due to their toxicity for many life forms. This research studied the ability of using Marble Waste (MW) as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Experimental investigations of a number of operating parameters were performed to assess their effect on the removal of Cu (II) by Marble waste from synthetic solutions. These parameters are contact time, adsorbent dose initial concentration of adsorbate, agitation rate, solution temperature and pH level. The optimum conditions were determined to be pH 6, 2g adsorbent dose, 100 min contact time, 50ppm Cu and 35 0C for copper removal, and particle diameter at 0.275 μm. The adsorption process of copper (II) is tested with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The results revealed that copper is considerably adsorbed on Marble Waste and it could be economic method for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions. Moreover this study gives a value added utilization of biomass to remove Cu from wastewater.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL-PHYSICAL FACTORS ON PUBLIC HOUSING TRANSFORMATION IN TRIPOLI
Authors: Bakra Tareg Ramadan Ali , Karit Alla Abubaker Omar. A , Amer Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Researchers have acknowledged that physical surroundings are a concrete manifestation of spatial organisation. Its arrangement outlines spatial relationship of social activity networks within housing units. In Libya, cities display minimal sensitivity to socio-physical attributes which affect public housing transformation. In order to focus on users’ transformations experience and emphasis on socio-physical environment influence. Public housing dwellers are surveyed to determine the socio-physical impact on housing transformations initiatives. The aim of this study is to develop a socio-physical responsive design framework for public housing projects based on user-initiated transformation experience. A survey is carried out among 304 households in twelve public housings areas in western Libya to evaluate users’ experience on the socio-physical model of housing transformation.  Public housing such as neighbourhood influence, technology, plot size and quality of urban living standards are investigated using a questionnaire and analysed using SEM (AMOS). The findings revealed that socio-physical constituents have influence on housing transformation decisions made by house owners. It contributes to a housing design which respects both the users requirements and provide a healthy urban development at the same time.
MOTIVATORS OF GREEN DESIGN ADOPTION IN BUILDING PROJECTS OF LIBYA
Authors: Akreim Mohamed. , Nasef Otman. , Shahran Abdrahman.
Published: June 2023

Aim of this study is to identify the important motivators of green design adoption in building projects of Libya. Green buildings are unpopular in Libya and are still in their early stages. This might be because of various reasons. Hence, this study focused on identifying major motivators of green design adoption. A total of 24 motivators identified from the literature review were investigated through questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis was carried for analysing 74 collected questionnaires sets with SPSS software Package. It is found that the 24 motivators considered in this study play an important role in pushing the adoption of green design in Libyan building projects. The results provide evidence that top five ranked motivators for green building adoption as ranked by the experts, include; control of climate change, providing improved comfort, health, and well-being of occupants, providing lower annual energy cost, increasing indoor air quality; and increasing indoor air quality; respectively. This study adopted a quantitative approach for collecting data. The targeted respondents were only within the capital Tripoli. As to the climatic change, global warming and lack of resources, the ‘green’ design issue has trended into a measurement in the construction industry. In Libya, rapid growth of developments has contributed significantly in greenhouse gases omission to environment. This has motivated the practitioners to adopt green design concept in building projects. This study has highlighted the key motivators of green design adoption in building industry of Libya which will enable the practitioner for moving forward to take advantage of those motivators for encourage the implement of green buildings. Finally, this study has suggested that international building standards and assessment tools should be adapted as guide to produce the laws and guidebook for green buildings practices in Libya.
تحسين بعض خواص الخرسانة الاسمنتية باستخدام البوليمر
Authors: الكوت أيمن هدية , ابوراوي مختار معمر
Published: June 2023

الخرسانة البوليميرية هي مادة مركبة تتكون من الركام والمادة المالئة والمادة الرابطة البوليميرية، عن طريق استبدال الإسمنت الهيدروليكي للخرسانة التقليدية براتنجات بوليميرية. تتميز خرسانة البوليمر بالعديد من المزايا مقارنة بخرسانة الإسمنت البورتلاندي مثل: التصلب السريع والمقاومة العالية ومقاومة محسنة للمواد الكيميائية إلخ. يمكن تصنيف مركبات بوليمر الخرسانة إلى الخرسانة البوليمرية والخرسانة الاسمنتية البوليمرية والخرسانة المشبعة بالبوليمر، ومن بينها الخرسانة البوليمرية المعروفة بتطبيقاتها الهيكلية المتنوعة. هذه الاستخدامات أيضاً تم تطبيقها باستخدام خرسانة البوليمر المعدل. تركزت بعض الابحاث على مدى العقدين السابقين بدراسة امكانية استخدام البوليمرات في الخرسانة، حيث ان اضافة البوليمرات للخرسانة الاسمنتية كانت تحظى باهتمام قليل في السنوات الماضية مقارنة بالحجم الكبير لتطبيقات الخرسانة البوليميرية والمثيرة جداً للاهتمام في الوقت الحاضر. تأتي أهمية هذه الدراسة في إمكانية استخدام البوليمرات لإنتاج خرسانة متطورة بمواد محلية الصنع، حيث وجد ان اضافة مادة البوليمر لها الاثر الايجابي في تحسين وزيادة المتانة والمقاومة وبعض الخواص الفيزيائية الأخرى مقارنة بالخلطات الخرسانية التقليدية والتي لا تحتوي على البوليمر. تتلخص نتائج هذه الدراسة إمكانية إضافة البوليمر للخرسانة الاسمنتية لتحسين التشغيلية والخواص الميكانيكية لعدد من الخلطات. كما أظهرت هذه الدراسة نتائج مهمة يمكن الاعتماد عليها في تطوير صناعة الخرسانة البوليميرية باستخدام المواد المحلية.
تحسين الخواص الميكانيكية للخرسانة باستخدام المياه المعالجة بالتقنية المغناطيسية
Authors: مخلوف منتهي محمد , الضراط هيثم اسماعيل , معيتيق أبوبكر أحمد
Published: June 2023

الماء المتوفر للاستخدام في العادة يكون فاقداْ لكثير من خواصه بسبب عمليات التصنيع أو التلوث التي يتعرض لها. ويتطلب الأمر إلى عمليات المعالجة أو التحلية للحصول على ماء ذات خواص حيوية مناسبة للاستخدام. توجد العديد من عمليات معالجة الماء وتنقيته من الشوائب من أهمها عملية معالجة الماء مغناطيسياً، التي تعمل على إعادة احيائه وتغذيته وإظهار خواصه.  تمتاز عملية معالجة الماء باستخدام المجال المغناطيسي برخص التكلفة وسهولة الاستخدام والاستدامة. إن معالجة الماء مغناطيسياً تمنع تشكل الترسبات الكلسية على السطوح الداخلية والخارجية للأجهزة والمعدات التي تتدفق من خلالها الماء، وتمنع تكون القشور والترسبات على الأسطح الداخلية للأنابيب والتي تؤدي بدورها إلى عدم انسدادها. كما يسبب المجال المغناطيسي في انخفـــاض كتلة جزئيــات الماء بحيث ينخفض عدد الجزيئـــات في الكتلة المــــائية الي النصف تقريبا، وهذا يؤدي الي زيادة مشاركة جزيئات الماء في ترطيب أو تذويب المواد مثل الخلطات الإسمنتية. في هذا البحث تم اجراء التجارب المعملية لدراسة تأثير الماء المعالجة بالتقنية المغناطيسية على الخلطات الاسمنتية. حيث أثبتت التجارب أن الماء الممغنط يزيد من قوة الانضغاط الخرسانة، أي أن قوة الانضغاط للخرسانة المخلوطة بالماء الممغنط أعلى من قيمة قوة الانضغاط للخرسانة العادية.
دراسة دیمومة الخلطات الإسفلتية باستخدام اختبار كنتربرو
Authors: أبوراوي بشير معمر , الشريف محمد علي
Published: June 2023

بالنظر للأهمية الكبيرة لقطاع الطرق كونه أحد الوجوه الرئیسیة للمنظر العام للدول ومن خلال ما شهدته الطرق من حملات تطوير من خلال مشاريع الرصف ومن خلال ملاحظة المواد المستخدمة تم ملاحظة عدد من حالات الانهمار والفشل لبعض الطرق مما یتطلب اتخاد الإجراءات المناسبة لتلافي هذه الأضرار ومنها القیام بتقییم لبعض الطرق. یهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة إمكانية تحسین أداء الخلطات الإسفلتية ودیمومتها والوصول إلى خلطات تمتاز بأداء مستمر ومقبول تحت تأثیر الحمولات المحوریة المتكررة ومقاومة للعوامل الجویة المختلفة مثل الرطوبة والتجمد والذوبان والحرارة والتي قد تتعرض لها خلال العمر الاستثماري. فقدان الدیمومة أو ما یعرف بتقادم الخلطات الإسفلتية هو أكثر مشاكل الرصف المرن شیوعاً ولهذا قمنا بدراسة تأثیر الاحمال المتكررة على الخلطات الإسفلتية عن طریق عینات مارشال وذلك بهدف الفهم الجید للدیمومة وظروفها ومتطلباتها وبغرض الوصول إلى دیمومة عالیة لهذه الخلطات وتم في هذا البحث تحلیل لهذه النتائج والتوصل إلى إيجاد نتائج یمكن من خلالها وضع التقییم الجید لعدد من الطرق الإسفلتية المنفذة ویستطاع من خلالها الحكم على جودة هذه الخلطات.
Effect of Process Time in the Deposition and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Zn-P Coating Formed on Mild Steel Surface
Authors: Abdalla K. , Ibrahim H. , Sulayman Z.W. , Hamad Y.A. , Aisha A. Khair
Published: June 2023

In this investigation, uniform and full coverage of Ni-Zn-P coatings were electroless deposited successfully on mild steel substrates. The coatings were electroless formed at 85ºC for various deposition time (10, 30, 60 and 90 min). The coating morphology were observed via optical microscope and the corrosion resistance of obtained coatings were evaluated by weight loss test in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The results revealed that the coating deposition increased as the process time increased. The optimal uniform coating deposition was formed at deposition time of 60 & 90 min. Accordingly, the anti-corrosion performance was improved and the best corrosion resistance was obtained at process time of 90 min. The weight loss was 0.55 g/m2 after 24 h immersion time for the coating formed with process time of 90 min.
دراسة عوامل القطع المثلى لخشونة السطح في عملية الخراطة الطولية لعينة من سبيكة الألومينيوم باستخدام طريقة تاقوتشي
Authors: حكومه مصطفى عمر , بن عيسى معمر مصباح , السويحلي هيثم عاشور , إبراهيم غيث إبراهيم , يونس بشير صالح
Published: June 2023

في هذه الورقة تم دراسة تأثير عوامل القطع المثلى (سرعة القطع؛ معدل التغذية؛ عمق القطع) على خشونة السطح بدون استخدام سائل تبريد في عملية الخراطة الطولية لعينة من سبيكة الألومينيوم (5052AL-)، باستخدام أداة قطع كربيدية مع ثبوت نصف قطر الأداة. وذلك باستخدام عدد من الأساليب الإحصائية المتمثلة في تقنية تاقوتشي (Taguchi Method)، تحليل التباين (ANOVA) وتحليل الانحدار الخطي المتعدد. تم اختيار المصفوفة المتعامدة L9 التي تتكون من ثلاثة عوامل قطع وثلاث مستويات لكل عامل، وتم تحليل نتائج التجارب باستخدام Minitab-16. واعتمدت خاصية "الأصغر هو الأفضل" لحساب نسبة الإشارة الى الضوضاء (S/N Ratio) لكل تجربة، واستخدام تحليل التباين (ANOVA) في تحديد العامل الأكثر تأثيراّ على متغير الاستجابة (خشونة السطح)، واستخدم تحليل الانحدار الخطي المتعدد للتنبؤ بخشونة السطح. أظهرت النتائج أن قيم خشونة السطح (Ra) المتحصل عليها من نموذج الانحدار المعد قريبة جداً من القيم الحقيقية وعلى درجة عالية من الدقة، بحيث وصلت نسبة الخطأ لأقل من 0.8 % وبالتالي يمكن استخدام هذا النموذج للتنبؤ بخشونة السطح.
A MODIFIED DYNAMIC BACTERIAL FORAGING ALGORITHM FOR AN ENHANCED POWER SYSTEM STATE ESTIMATION
Authors: Farhat I. A.
Published: June 2023

Power systems are getting more complex with the ongoing growing of the ever changing energy demand. This dynamic situation of the electric power networks makes the control and monitoring of the system a crucial issue. In order to have an accurate real time monitoring and representative models, state estimation practices are essential. This requirement becomes more significant for nonlinear systems such as the electric power networks. The objective of the state estimation problem is to apply a variety of statistical and optimization methods in order to determine the best estimate of the power system variables. The variables of the power system are conventionally measured using various common metering devices in spite of the complexity and gradual expansion of the networks. However, these measuring meters are associated with errors and inaccurate output readings due to several operational, communicational and device-linked causes. Consequently, determining an improved and optimized estimation of the system state is significant and essentially needed, and hence this topic is getting more attraction among the researchers. The most typically applied approach to deal with the state estimation problem is the Weighted Least-squares (WLS) method. In this paper a hybrid algorithm is introduced utilizing a WLS-based dynamic bacterial foraging algorithm (DBFA). The proposed algorithm was applied and validated using the well-known IEEE 14-bus system. The results demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm when compared to some of other techniques used to tackle the state estimation issue
A Flexible and Compact 28 GHz Inset Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna Based on Circuit in Plastic Technology for 5G System
Authors: Almazok Salem A.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the use of circuit in plastic (CiP) as a new technology to develop a polycarbonate substrate microstrip patch antenna (PSMPA) for a fifth-generation (5G) system. The proposed compact PSMPA operates at a resonant frequency of 28 GHz and uses silver as a conductor instead of copper. The polycarbonate substrate has a thickness of 3 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.9. The inset feed technique is used as a feeding scheme to match the patch and the 50 Ω microstrip line. The proposed PSMPA structure has been simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio and its performance has been evaluated and compared with similar existing designs in the literature. The proposed PSMPA shows a return loss ( ) of -23.011 dB, bandwidth (BW) of 1.173 GHz, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.3560, gain (G) of 5.684dBi, and radiation efficiency (