bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A common copy-number breakpoint of ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer colocalizes with a complex block of segmental duplications
Authors: Marotta Michael , Chen Xiongfong , Inoshita Ayako , Stephens Robert , Thomas Budd G , Crowe Joseph P , Lyons Joanne , Kondratova Anna , Tubbs Raymond , Tanaka Hisashi
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Segmental duplications (low-copy repeats) are the recently duplicated genomic segments in the human genome that display nearly identical (> 90%) sequences and account for about 5% of euchromatic regions. In germline, duplicated segments mediate nonallelic homologous recombination and thus cause both non-disease-causing copy-number variants and genomic disorders. To what extent duplicated segments play a role in somatic DNA rearrangements in cancer remains elusive. Duplicated segments often cluster and form genomic blocks enriched with both direct and inverted repeats (complex genomic regions). Such complex regions could be fragile and play a mechanistic role in the amplification of the ERBB2 gene in breast tumors, because repeated sequences are known to initiate gene amplification in model systems.

Methods

We conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays for primary breast tumors and analyzed publically available array-comparative genomic hybridization data to map a common copy-number breakpoint in ERBB2-amplified primary breast tumors. We further used molecular, bioinformatics, and population-genetics approaches to define duplication contents, structural variants, and haplotypes within the common breakpoint.

Results

We found a large (> 300-kb) block of duplicated segments that was colocalized with a common-copy number breakpoint for ERBB2 amplification. The breakpoint that potentially initiated ERBB2 amplification localized in a region 1.5 megabases (Mb) on the telomeric side of ERBB2. The region is very complex, with extensive duplications of KRTAP genes, structural variants, and, as a result, a paucity of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Duplicated segments are varied in size and degree of sequence homology, indicating that duplications have occurred recurrently during genome evolution.

Conclusions

Amplification of the ERBB2 gene in breast tumors is potentially initiated by a complex region that has unusual genomic features and thus requires rigorous, labor-intensive investigation. The haplotypes we provide could be useful to identify the potential association between the complex region and ERBB2 amplification.
Organellar proteomics reveals hundreds of novel nuclear proteins in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Oehring Sophie C , Woodcroft Ben J , Moes Suzette , Wetzel Johanna , Dietz Olivier , Pulfer Andreas , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Maeser Pascal , Flueck Christian , Witmer Kathrin , Brancucci Nicolas MB , Niederwieser Igor , Jenoe Paul , Ralph Stuart A , Voss Till S
Published: November 2012

Background

The post-genomic era of malaria research provided unprecedented insights into the biology of Plasmodium parasites. Due to the large evolutionary distance to model eukaryotes, however, we lack a profound understanding of many processes in Plasmodium biology. One example is the cell nucleus, which controls the parasite genome in a development- and cell cycle-specific manner through mostly unknown mechanisms. To study this important organelle in detail, we conducted an integrative analysis of the P. falciparum nuclear proteome.

Results

We combined high accuracy mass spectrometry and bioinformatic approaches to present for the first time an experimentally determined core nuclear proteome for P. falciparum. Besides a large number of factors implicated in known nuclear processes, one-third of all detected proteins carry no functional annotation, including many phylum- or genus-specific factors. Importantly, extensive experimental validation using 30 transgenic cell lines confirmed the high specificity of this inventory, and revealed distinct nuclear localization patterns of hitherto uncharacterized proteins. Further, our detailed analysis identified novel protein domains potentially implicated in gene transcription pathways, and sheds important new light on nuclear compartments and processes including regulatory complexes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and nuclear import pathways.

Conclusion

Our study provides comprehensive new insight into the biology of the Plasmodium nucleus and will serve as an important platform for dissecting general and parasite-specific nuclear processes in malaria parasites. Moreover, as the first nuclear proteome characterized in any protist organism, it will provide an important resource for studying evolutionary aspects of nuclear biology.
Improving the prediction of the functional impact of cancer mutations by baseline tolerance transformation
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Abel , Deu-Pons Jordi , Lopez-Bigas Nuria
Published: November 2012

High-throughput prioritization of cancer-causing mutations (drivers) is a key challenge of cancer genome projects, due to the number of somatic variants detected in tumors. One important step in this task is to assess the functional impact of tumor somatic mutations. A number of computational methods have been employed for that purpose, although most were originally developed to distinguish disease-related nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) from polymorphisms. Our new method, transformed Functional Impact score for Cancer (transFIC), improves the assessment of the functional impact of tumor nsSNVs by taking into account the baseline tolerance of genes to functional variants.
Gendering the Thai Economic Crisis: The Films of Pen-ek Ratanaruang
Authors: Knee Adam
Published: November 2012

The aim of this article is to assist in the project of overcoming indifference to and unawareness of Thai cinema, and to begin to position Thai films as objects deserving of critical attention, by focusing on one young Thai director of particular merit. The three feature films to date
of Pen-ek Ratanaruang have stood out among recent Thai productions, not only for their stylistic inventiveness and playfulness, their eschewing of generic form (in a market dominated by crime films, teen films, period films, and, most recently, horror films), and their pitch-black humor, but
also for their incisive, gender-conscious examination of a changing Thai society at the turn of the 21st century
Big Shot’s Funeral: China, Sony, and the WTO
Authors: Wang Shujen
Published: November 2012

Released on December 21, 2001, just days after China formally gained its WTO admittance on December 11, Big Shot’s Funeral (Da Wan’r) was not only the most anticipated He Sui Pian (New Year’s Movie) of 2002 in China; it was also a highly reflexive film registering
some of the mixed emotions in China toward the long-awaited admittance and its implications. In addition, the film is the first Sino-American co-production1 released after the WTO accession, bearing witness to an important historical moment. The many layers of meanings embedded in this postmodern
text of self-conscious mockery, cynicism, and pastiche also reflect a general sense of anxiety, ambiguity, and uncertainty associated with the new market economy in China and its consequences. Issues of nationalism, cross-cultural imagination, Sino- American relations, and piracy are also
touched on in this social satire.
Transnational Stardom: The Case of Maggie Cheung Man-yuk
Authors: Williams Tony
Published: November 2012

As Richard Dyer (1979) states in his classic monograph on the star system, stars represent different ways of representing and reworking national cultural contradictions. Dyer’s work has focused upon the Western version of stardom. However, his axiom concerning cultural contradictions
may be significantly applied to the case of Maggie Cheung Man-yuk who represents a particular example of a transnational stardom in recent cinema. Cheung’s major roles not only exhibit the multifaceted nature of a changing world where old traditions are called into question and new challenges
confront a supposedly secure sense of personal identity. They also extend Dyer’s original definition of stardom by involving issues of transnational, rather than national, cultural contradictions.
Lost Memories of Korean Cinema: Film Policies During Japanese Colonial Rule, 1919-1937
Authors: Yecies Brian , Shim Ae-Gyung
Published: November 2012

What this article will share is a new and compelling discussion surrounding film policies and censorship regulations in Korea under Japanese colonial rule. With this task in mind, we may begin to revisit the lost memories of Korean cinema. So few films made before 1945 exist today,
the search for and discovery of them is a vital tool in understanding Korean history
Transformation of Korean Film Industry During the US Military Occupation Era (1945 – 1948)
Authors: Noh Kwang Woo
Published: November 2012

The topic of this paper is how the Korean film industry; ownership, distribution, and production was transformed by the economic and film policies, and how the increase of American influence during the USAMGIK era (1945-1948) influenced film distribution and release practice in Korea
The Mission of Popular Film: The Use of Tradition and Its Implication in a Tamil Movie
Authors: Note Osamu
Published: November 2012

Thriving in the vicinity of normative social spheres, the slum in India constitutes a form of “intimate other” with a distinct place in her political culture. According to Ashish Nandy (1998) it is a source of idioms for the construction of popular imagery. It provides movie
goers with a shared reference to a lower-middle class view of society, and offers a narrative metaphor for popular cinema which, when looked at through the lens of this domain, comes to reveal some of the definitive tructural shifts in political power in the last two decades. Discussing the
generative aspect of the slum-like world of cinema where global culture is invariably incorporated into uniquely Indian forms of hybridity, Nandy holds that this blend of heterogeneous elements results in a stylized mannerism which resonates the pervasive aesthetics of contemporary political
culture. As such, it exemplifies a way in which seemingly innocuous popular entertainment takes on a potent instrumentality for construction of a hegemonic order.In this article an attempt is made to situate Nandy’s argument in a linguistically and politically different context and examine
how his metaphor applies to cinema in that region.
Into the Sc(re)enery: Bollywood Locations and Docu-diaspora
Authors: Ciecko Anne
Published: November 2012

In this essay, I draw connections between the cinematic experience and travel discourses, exploring the ways contemporary popular Hindi films acknowledge a global audience through Bollywood’s locations and dislocations. In my examination of representations of tourism, pilgrimage,
and immigration, I focus on key examples from contemporary Bollywood-related tourist industry initiatives; diasporic narrative trajectories and location use in recent hit films; and documentations of Bollywood fantasy-fueled “passages” to India.
Mimicry as Failure: Jackie Chan in Hollywood
Authors: Chan Kenneth
Published: November 2012

This article examines the life and career of Jackie Chan, and his position as a transnational cinematic superstar. Part of Chan's success lies in his ability to morph, sometimes in subtle ways, to keep pace with audiences’ changing demands and their shifting demographics, while
maintaining his highly appealing star persona that he has cultivated through the years. This formula has not only enabled Chan to remain one of Asia’s top action superstars, but has also allowed him to build a substantial fan base in the United States, since the success of Rush Hour
(1998). The following article will examine Chan's place in the capitalist machinery of the Hong Kong film industry, arguing that Chan's films invoke issues of cultural, national, and racial identities that resonate with his viewers’ concerns, exemplifying what globalization theorists
have characterized as the capitalist deployment of the local in the global.
In search of Neo-Hellenic culture: Confronting the ambiguities of modernity in an ancient land
Authors: Karalis Vrasidas
Published: November 2012

This article critically examines the construction of the official ideology of the Modern Greek state in its attempt to create and disseminate a historicist perception of the past. It analyses its origins and certain central symbolic discourses, and focuses on the specific pre-urban
elites that took over the intellectual hegemony of the state after the urbanization and industrialization of the country without, however, modernizing the function of state apparatuses. Furthermore, it explores the various attempts to create counter-cultural discourses from the beginning of
the twentieth century to the present, through the critical assessment of the historical continuity between Ancient Greece, Byzantium and Modern Greece. Special attention is given to the critical discourse of the Greek diaspora, especially of expatriates Cornelius Castoriadis, Kostas Axelos,
Gerasimos Kaklamanes and Panayiotis Kondyles. The article also examines specific works of art in cinema, literature and philosophy, which in moments of crisis renegotiated the relationship between past and present, power and society, memory and ideology. Finally, it puts forward the suggestion
that Greek culture in its long duration needs a different conceptual metaphor, which is the ‘polydialectical palimpsest’, based on an idea proposed by Nikos Kazantzakis. Only through an understanding of the past as both complex and intelligible, full of paradoxes and ambiguities,
can Modern Greek culture abandon its monophonic and uncritical official historicism and confront the central questions of contemporary postmodernity.
My Life in Ruins: Hollywood and holidays in Greece in times of crisis
Authors: Basea Erato
Published: November 2012

Through a textual and cultural reading of My Life in Ruins (Petrie, 2009), this article examines the ways in which the film became implicated in cultural politics and, more specifically, in the commercial image of Greece the tourist industry strives to promote. It is argued that My
Life in Ruins directs the gaze of the viewers towards stylized images of Greece and stereotypical narratives well known from older films with an agenda to ‘advertise Greece’ to potential tourists. Further examining the making and promotion of the film, one can also argue that the
actual involvement of the Greek state in it was not coincidental. The support offered by the Hellenic Archaeological Committee and the newly founded Hellenic Film Commission Office to the film’s production and promotion highlights the stakes that Greek state policy had placed in the
film’s global commercial success. It also seems that, as the first signs of a global financial crisis became visible, a nation’s economic anxieties were expressed and precariously invested in projects such as My Life in Ruins.
Cavafy strikes a pose: Duane Michals’s Cavafy photobooks
Authors: Papargyriou Eleni
Published: November 2012

This article is the first critical and comparative assessment of Duane Michals’s two Cavafy photobooks, Homage to Cavafy (1978) and The Adventures of Constantine Cavafy (2007). Michals’s photo-sequences in these two books are not illustrations of Cavafy’s poetry, nor
do they attempt to be faithful to their content. In Adventures Michals creates a ‘cinematic’ role for the poet, impersonated by the actor Joel Grey; however, Michals’s version of Cavafy only bears vague resemblance to the historical character. As I argue, Michals’ digression
from biographical accuracy aims at highlighting the queer aspect of the poet rather than just illustrating a gay life, thus showcasing the open-endedness of Cavafy’s life and texts as spaces for queer self-genealogy. As queer fictions, Michals’s photographs display a reading of
Cavafy that does not measure itself against the aesthetic impact of his poetry, but grounds itself on the political and ideological repercussion of his sexual sensibility.
A new cinema of ‘emancipation’: Tendencies of independence in Greek cinema of the 2000s
Authors: Chalkou Maria
Published: November 2012

This article contextualizes recent developments in Greek cinema, namely the rise of a new generation of film-makers who rejuvenated film-making in Greece and attracted widespread international and domestic attention. It shifts the focus to the wider cultural, institutional, technological,
financial and sociopolitical context and examines this new film trend as one aspect of the much broader changes taking place in the Greek audio-visual sector throughout the 2000s. It explores the driving forces behind the trend, discusses its major characteristics and argues that it is the
result of a combination of factors: the rapid growth and prosperity of the Greek commercial audio-visual industry, the enduring financial poverty and institutional failure of the Greek film sector, new forms of cinephilia, developments in communication and image recording practices deriving
from new technologies, generational conflict and societal crisis, as well as growing tensions in the Greek public domain between constitutional authority and new modes of articulating public discourse. Finally, it illustrates how each one of these factors found a response in Greek film culture
through gestures of independence and emancipation from established practices, institutions and ideologies.
Facebook revolutions: Transitions in the Arab world, transitions in media coverage? A comparative analysis of CNN and Al Jazeera English’s online coverage of the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions
Authors: Bashri Maha , Netzley Sara , Greiner Amy
Published: November 2012

This study compared how CNN online and Al Jazeera English online covered the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt through their use of journalistic sources and channels. Sigal’s source theory (1973) provided the theoretical framework for the study. A content analysis was conducted examining
a total of 941 sources in 70 news stories from the two outlets. Findings show that CNN resorted to the use of American officials and routine channels to report on the uprisings. In comparison,Al Jazeera English mostly used Tunisian and Egyptian citizens as sources as well as enterprise channels.
The use of social media by Tunisian and Egyptian activists in the uprisings led the researchers to believe that there would be an extensive use of informal channels in both outlets, but that was not the case. Future studies should examine CNN and Al Jazeera English’s coverage of ‘neutral
events’ where no one outlet has a cultural or linguistic advantage.
Somatic sensibilities: Exploring the dialectical body in dance
Authors: Edinborough Campbell
Published: November 2012

This article investigates the dialectical tension inherent in the dancer’s dual role as object and subject within performance. The article begins by noting that the dancer and choreographer’s investment in a somatic understanding of movement privileges the dancer’s
subjectivity within the creation of dance, inviting the audience to engage empathetically with the dancer’s work. This proposition is explored through a brief analysis of Steve Paxton’s early presentations of contact improvisation. The question of how a somatically informed choreographic
framework might encourage alternative modes of spectatorship is then explored through a more sustained investigation of Joyride – a solo made by the independent dance artist Colin Poole in 2008.
Beyond Allan Kaprow: An interview with Rosemary Butcher
Authors: Sachsenmaier Stefanie
Published: November 2012

Rosemary Butcher presented her reinvention of Allan Kaprow’s first Happening entitled 18 Happenings in 6 Parts (1959, Reuben Gallery, New York City) in the Ballroom of the Royal Festival Hall in London, November 2010 as part of the larger exhibition and performance event ‘Move:
Choreographing You’. While remaining critical of the actual performance outcome, Butcher maintains that working on the reinvention has changed her choreographic practice. Two interviews following the reinvention took place; the first at a time where Butcher had embarked on the planning
of a new live performance involving film projection, and the second after the presentation of Butcher’s work entitled After Kaprow – The Silent Room, as part of The Place’s Dance on Film series at the Bloomberg Gallery, London, in November 2011. The interviews capture the
transitory nature of performance-making processes, the choreographer engaging in speculation and in researching the vague concept of ‘activity’ in relation to movement.
Loop: Corporeal and conceptual reflections on Loop (2011), an unsighted durational performance
Authors: Gray Victoria
Published: November 2012

Loop (2011) was an unsighted, live durational work that unfolded over six hours. It was presented at Siobhan Davies Studios London as part of ‘What Now’ (2011),curated by Gill Clarke and Fiona Millward, co-directors of Independent Dance.‘What Now’ presented experimental
work by artists working with expanded notions of choreographic thinking, addressing time, space, movement and the body in innovative ways.

This article discusses the kinesthetic experience of the unsighted six-hour performance. Additionally, it aims to contextualize this experience by weaving
theoretical, critical and conceptual concerns from within the field of dance, with personal and affective reflections. It does so by highlighting the sub-headings; Gesture, Time, Anatomy, Seeing, Hearing and Embodiment, whose function is to act as readerly and writerly landmarks within the
landscape of a six-hour process and within the context of my practice more broadly.

The document is illustrated by a selection of images from the performance and a visual score.
REVIEW
Authors: Rotie Marie-Gabrielle
Published: November 2012

BUTOH: METAPHORIC DANCE AND GLOBAL ALCHE MY,SONDRA FRALEIGH (2010) Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 280 pp., ISBN: 978-0252077418, p/bk, $30.00
World War II and Scandinavian cinema: An overview
Authors: Sørenssen Bjørn , Salmi Hannu , Kau Edvin Vestergaard , Olsson Jan
Published: November 2012

This article gives a short introduction to the distinctly different wartime experiences of the film industries in the Nordic countries during World War II.
Creating the safe harbour: Depictions of Swedish refugee assistance actions in wartime propaganda film
Authors: Kahn Aaron Seth
Published: November 2012

This article examines the production and content of Swedish state propaganda films designed to foster public support for the country's refugee rescue and assistance actions in the latter half of World War II. It argues that these films produced an exceptionalist image of Sweden, in
which neutrality came to symbolize unique national values that endowed Sweden with an ethical responsibility to offer help to those in occupied neighbouring countries. This depiction departed from earlier state-produced narratives of Swedish neutrality that characterized the country as under
immediate foreign threat.
War, film and collective memory: Plurimedial constellations
Authors: Erll Astrid
Published: November 2012

This article discusses key concepts for the study of war film and collective memory. As a leading medium of memory, war films create and shape images and narratives of war experience. Their impact, however, is dependent on their positioning in 'plurimedial constellations' of memory
culture.
German film distribution in Scandinavia during World War II
Authors: Winkel Roel Vande , Jönsson Mats , Sørensen Lars-Martin , Sørenssen Bjørn
Published: November 2012

This article analyses Nazi Germany's film export policy towards Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) during World War II. The German film industry (Ufa, Tobis and others), steered by the German ministry of propaganda, took advantage of the military successes achieved by the Wehrmacht
and tried to become a dominant supplier of films, hoping to take over the leading position of the American film industry. However, each film market presented its own series of problems, created by the local industry, by local political organizations or by other German organizations (occupation
authorities) with agendas of their own. One of the side effects of Germany's aggressive film policy was, ironically, increased domestic production, enthusiastically embraced by film-goers eager to avoid German films.

This article is by and large based on archival documents, consulted in
the German Federal Archives, the Danish National Archives, the Danish Film Institute, the National Archives of Norway, the Swedish Film Institute and the Swedish National Archives. The article does not aspire to provide a definitive, in-depth analysis of German-Scandinavian film relations
during the war, but rather sketches an international framework that leaves room for amendments, corrections and future scholarship.
The Bundesarchiv – the Federal Archives of Germany
Authors: Gleixner Sebastian
Published: November 2012

Important insights on the film history of the Nordic countries are to be found in the Federal Archives of Germany, not least with regard to World War II. This short subject introduces the holdings of the Federal Archives of Germany especially the material of interest to the study of
Scandinavian cinema.
How to write the perfect beginning and end
Authors: Folb Naomi , Watson Aby
Published: November 2012

The dyslexia literature places an inordinate amount of focus on dyslexia as a deficit. Where discussions of dyslexia as a ‘difference’ do emerge, we find there is an emphasis on ‘talent’ or ‘success’ as an effect of ‘coping’ and ‘avoidance’.
The purpose of this article was for two dyslexic writers, Naomi Folb (NF) and Aby Watson (AW), to present an alternative to this discourse. Their exchange uses four self-defined obstructions agreed prior to the writing process. These introduce the dominant subjective position and, allow them
to discuss how it subjugates and silences the dyslexic. The Introduction was written to music. This is followed by a critique of the others Introductions. The third part is constructed of questions one author posed the other, whilst the fourth section is made of the answers in dialogue to
the others’ questions. The authors’ conclusions, the end of the article, surface within a catechism, in which the authors forbade one another from editing or using spellcheck. Hence, the discussion appears to lack closure. This reflects the authors concerns with the conventions
of ‘linear’ academic papers, in the way it presents a prioritization of knowledge, and exploration of ideas and subjectivity, over ‘acceptance’. In this way, addressing the authors lack of ‘belonging’ becomes the subject, rather than the purpose of the article.
The result reveals the deep and hitherto unexamined bias towards dyslexics.
The Impact of Food Environment on Private Label versus Branded Produce Choice
Authors: Schroeter Christiane , Cai Xiaowei
Published: November 2012

Over the past two decades, retailers are providing more Private label foods (PL), which are directly competing with the National brand (NB) products. For years, PLs competed as generic and cheaper versions with their high-priced NB substitute. However, modern PLs have improved in product quality relative to NBs and are available in the premium, organic, and even produce sections with the goal to distinguish themselves from their competitors’ product lines. One of the fastest growing segments in the produce industry consists of triple-washed cello-packed spinach. Using a two-step Heckman model, we determine the impact of household purchase information, demographics, and food environment on PL spinach purchasing behavior. Given its regional dominance with regard to spinach production and fresh spinach consumption, we focus on households residing in the U.S. West. Results show that food environment is the main driver for PL spinach purchases. We determine that specialty stores might be traditional channels for purchasing organic PL spinach, while supercenters might take the role of the main outlet for conventional NBs. An understanding of what factors might encourage increased consumption of healthful foods is important to producers and marketers for developing effective strategies in order to reach beyond the traditional consumer base.
The success of new exporting countries in a traditional Agri-business industry, 1961-2005
Authors: Parcero Osiris J. , Villanueva Emiliano
Published: November 2012

This paper looks at the evolution of the world wine industry in the period 1961-2005. A particular stylized fact is the appearance of non-traditional producing and exporting countries of wine from the beginning of the nineties. We show that the success of these new producing and exporting countries can be explained by the importance of the demand from non-producing countries with little or no tradition of wine consumption, relative to the world demand. This stylized fact is consistent with a testable implication of the switching cost literature and to the best of our knowledge this is the first time that this implication is tested.
Modeling and Simulation of a Packed-bed Reactor for Carrying out the Water-Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Manrique Yaidelin A. , Miguel Carlos V. , Mendes Diogo , Mendes Adelio , Madeira Luis M.
Published: November 2012

In this work the water-gas shift (WGS) process was addressed, with particular emphasis in the development of phenomenological models that can reproduce experimental results in a WGS reactor operating at low temperatures. It was simulated the conversion obtained in a fixed-bed reactor (PBR) packed with a Cu-based catalyst making use of a composed kinetic equation in which the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate model was used for the lowest temperature range (up to 215 ºC), while for temperatures in the range 215 – 300 ºC a redox model was employed. Several packed-bed reactor models were then proposed, all of them without any fitting parameters. After comparing the simulations against experimental CO conversion data for different temperatures and space time values, it was concluded that the heterogeneous model comprising axial dispersion and mass transfer resistances shows the best fitting. This model revealed also good adherence to other experiments employing different feed compositions (CO and H2O contents); it predicts also the overall trend of increasing CO conversion with the total pressure. This modeling work is particularly important for small scale applications related with hydrogen production/purification for fuel cells.
Everywhere 𝒞α-estimates for a class of nonlinear elliptic systems with critical growth
Authors: Bulíček Miroslav , Frehse Jens , Steinhauer Mark
Published: November 2012

We obtain everywhere 𝒞α-regularity for vector solutions to a class of nonlinear elliptic systems whose principal part is the Euler operator to a variational integral

∫
F
(
u
,
∇
u
)

d
x

${\int F(u,\nabla u)\, dx}$

with quadratic growth in

∇
u

${\nabla u}$

and which satisfies a generalized splitting condition that cover the case

F

(
u
,
∇
u
)

:
=

∑
i

Q
i

,

$
{F(u,\nabla u):= \sum _i Q_i},\vspace*{-2.27621pt}
$

where

Q
i

:
=

∑

α
β

A
i

α
β

(
u
,
∇
u
)

∇

u
α

·
∇

u
β

${Q_i := \sum _{\alpha \beta } A^{\alpha \beta }_i(u,\nabla u) \nabla u^{\alpha } \cdot \nabla u^{\beta }}$

, or the case

F

(
u
,
∇
u
)

:
=

∏
i

(
1
+

Q
i

)

θ
i

.

$
{F(u,\nabla u) := \prod _i (1+Q_i)^{\theta _i}}.\vspace*{-2.13394pt}
$

A crucial assumption is the one-sided condition

F
u

(
u
,
η
)

·
u
≥
-
K

$
F_u (u,\eta ) \cdot u \ge -K\vspace*{-0.62596pt}
$

and related generalizations. In the elliptic case we obtain existence of 𝒞α-solutions. If the leading operator is not necessarily elliptic but coercive,
possible minima are everywhere Hölder continuous and the same holds also for Noether solutions, i.e., extremals which are also stationary with respect to
inner variations. In particular if

A

α
β

(
u
,
∇
u
)

=

A

α
β

(
u
)

${A^{\alpha \beta }(u,\nabla u)=A^{\alpha \beta } (u)}$

, our result generalizes a result of Giaquinta and Giusti. The technique of our proof (using weighted norms and inhomogeneous hole-filling method) does not rely on

L
∞

${L^{\infty }}$

-a priori estimates for the solution.
Metrics in the family of star bodies
Authors: Sójka G.
Published: November 2012

In this paper we consider different ways of introducing metrics in the family of star bodies. We begin with basic properties of metrics commonly used. Then we use selectors (see Definition 4.1) to extend the radial metric (see Definition 3.2) over the class of all star bodies in n-dimensional euclidean space. This way we obtain two slightly different metrics δφ and δφker (see Definition 4.2). We show that both metric spaces obtained are separable. Further, we present an analytic approach to the radial function. It enables us to define the metric δφ
L ' (see Definition 5.3). We prove that if we use δφ
L ' in the family of star bodies whose kernels have non-empty interiors, then the mapping K 7→ kerK is continuous.
International strategy for the nonmarket context: stakeholders, issues, networks, and geography
Authors: Lucea Rafael , Doh Jonathan
Published: November 2012

Multinational companies (MNCs) shape their nonmarket strategies in response to the social and political context in which they operate. Empirical evidence shows that these strategies frequently fall into one of two categories: they either consist of a disparate portfolio of disconnected country-level social and political programs or are composed of standardized corporate policies that are applied uniformly across geographies. The former type of strategy implies that MNC managers view their firm's context as extremely fragmented across country borders, while the latter reflects the perception of a highly homogeneous international environment. Yet, most industries and firms operate in a semi-globalized socio-political context. In this paper we propose that producing strategies that truly fit with the specific characteristics of an MNC's nonmarket context requires that this context be defined along four dimensions: stakeholders, issues, networks, andgeography. Conceptualizing an MNC socio-political context in this way broadens dramatically the strategic choices of MNC managers. We illustrate the use of our model by describing four socio-political contexts frequently encountered by MNCs, and showing how alternative nonmarket strategies seem a better option than the standard “one-size-fits-all” or “every-country-a-different-strategy” approaches of today.
Expanded newborn screening and confirmatory follow-up testing for inborn errors of metabolism detected by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ozben Tomris
Published: November 2012

Newborn screening (NBS) of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is a coordinated comprehensive system consisting of education, screening, follow-up of abnormal test results, confirmatory testing, diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of periodic outcome and efficiency. The ultimate goal of NBS and follow-up programs is to reduce morbidity and mortality from the disorders. Over the past decade, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has become a key technology in the field of NBS. It has replaced classic screening techniques of one-analysis, one-metabolite, one-disease with one analysis, many-metabolites, and many-diseases. The development of electrospray ionization (ESI), automation of sample handling and data manipulation have allowed the introduction of expanded NBS for the identification of numerous conditions on a single sample and new conditions to be added to the list of disorders being screened for using MS/MS. In the case of a screened positive result, a follow-up analytical test should be performed for confirmation of the primary result. The most common confirmatory follow-up tests are amino acids and acylcarnitine analysis in plasma and organic acid analysis in urine. NBS should be integrated with follow-up and clinical management. Recent improvements in therapy have caused some disorders to be considered as potential candidates for NBS. This review covers some of the basic theory of expanded MS/MS and follow-up confirmatory tests applied for NBS of IEM.
Substitution of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins by wood tar for plywood adhesives
Authors: Lu Kun-Tsung , Wu Lang-Yue
Published: November 2012

Wood tars from Acacia confusa Merr. and Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. were produced by reduced pressure distillation at 76 mm Hg and 50°C from the bottom layer of crude wood vinegars that had set for over 6 months. The feasibility of using water-soluble, resole-type, wood tar phenol-formaldehyde resins (WT-PF) was investigated. The resins were prepared from phenol (P) and wood tars (WTs) at weight ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60 and F/P molar ratios of 1.5, 1.8 and 2.0 as plywood adhesives. The results demonstrated that WT-PF resins had a higher viscosity, shorter gel times, a higher polydispersity, a lower curing temperature and less heat of curing than conventional PF resins under the same conditions. The shear strength of plywood bonded with WT-PF resins was slightly lower than that of conventional PF resin. However, the WT-PF resin still met the CNS 1349 requirement for the dry test, and phenol substitution levels could be up to 60%, but only 20% for type I and type II plywood. The addition of A. confusa bark powder fillers could significantly improve the bonding strength of WT-PF resins, especially for the warm water soaking and soaking in boiling water tests. The required amounts of fillers added were up to 5% for A. confusa WT-PF resins and up to 3% for C. japonica resins.
Reducing copper leaching from treated wood by sol-gel derived TiO2 and SiO2 depositions
Authors: Mahr Muhammad Shabir , Hübert Thomas , Stephan Ina , Bücker Michael , Militz Holger
Published: November 2012

The antileaching efficacy of sol-gel-derived TiO2- and SiO2-based precursors has been evaluated through laboratory leaching trials with pine sapwood in two different ways. In a one-step process, wood was vacuum impregnated by the precursor solutions containing CuCl2. The copper (Cu) emission rates of the sol-gel-based impregnated woods were up to 70% lower than that of wood treated with pure CuCl2 solution at the same level of concentration. More improvement (80%) could be achieved in a two-step process, in which sol-gel precursors were introduced into an already CuCl2-treated wood. The refinement was attributed to several effects. In the one-step approach, Cu was embedded in the TiO2/SiO2 gels formed in the wood texture. During a two-step impregnation, gel layers that were formed in the wooden interior acted as an effective diffusion barrier. The sol-gel impregnations made wood more hydrophobic; therefore, the low amount of water that penetrated the cell wall was less efficient to leach out Cu.
The adsorption and dispersing mechanisms of sodium lignosulfonate on Al2O3 particles in aqueous solution
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Dongjie , Guo Wenyuan , Qiu Xueqing
Published: November 2012

The adsorption behavior and dispersion efficiency of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on Al2O3 particles at different pH values were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. The effects of the additives urea, Na2SO4, and NaCl were tested. At low pH values, NaLS adsorbed on the Al2O3 particles in the form of aggregates and at high pH values as separated single molecules. At pH 3–11, the adsorption was not affected through addition of urea, ruling out hydrogen bond as a controlling factor. By adding Na2SO4 and NaCl, the main driving force was the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction and the metal cation-π interaction at pHpHIEP. The dispersing mechanism was mainly attributed to the steric hindrance (at pHpHIEP) owing to the differences in the aggregation state of the adsorbed molecules.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of loblolly pine: effects of cellulose crystallinity and delignification
Authors: Agarwal Umesh P. , Zhu J.Y. , Ralph Sally A.
Published: November 2012

Hydrolysis experiments with commercial cellulases have been performed to understand the effects of cell wall crystallinity and lignin on the process. In the focus of the paper are loblolly pine wood samples, which were systematically delignified and partly ball-milled, and, for comparison, Whatman CC31 cellulose samples with different crystallinities. In pure cellulose samples, the percentage of cellulose hydrolysis was inversely proportional to the degree of crystallinity. For the loblolly pine samples, the extent of hydrolysis was low for the fraction with 74- to 149-μm particle size, but the ball-milled fraction was hydrolyzed easily. The impact of lignin removal was also influential as demonstrated on progressively delignified wood, i.e., the degree of saccharification increased with lignin removal. On the basis of data of 72 h hydrolysis time on materials with similar crystallinity, the cell wall was found to be eight times less hydrolyzable than Whatman CC31 cellulose. Taken together, cellulose crystallinity and composition are not as important as the ultrastructural changes caused by the disruption of the tightly packed regions of the cell wall that ensued upon acid chlorite delignification.
Inverse gas chromatography and XPS of extracted kraft pulps
Authors: Gamelas José A.F. , Duarte Gustavo V. , Ferreira Paulo J.
Published: November 2012

Kraft pulps at the κ number level of 15 obtained from Acer saccharum (sugar maple) and Eucalyptus globulus prepared with and without hot water extraction (HWE) were analyzed by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the case of A. saccharum pulps, the dispersive component of the surface energy (γ
s
d) at 40°C determined by IGC was 39.8 mJ m-2 (control pulp without HWE) and 36.7 mJ m-2 (HWE pulp). Eucalyptus globulus pulps resulted in γ
s
d values of 30.8 mJ m-2 (control) and 34.9 mJ m-2 (HWE). The higher values of γ
s
d for sugar maple pulps were interpreted as the influence of lower amounts of extractives or lignin at their surface, as revealed by XPS. It is also discussed why the acid-base character of the sugar maple pulp surface was slightly reduced with previous HWE, whereas, for E. globulus, it was greatly enhanced.
A new lignan glycoside and phenolics from the branch wood of Pinus banksiana Lambert
Authors: Si Chuan-Ling , Jiang Ju-Zheng , Liu Shi-Chao , Hu Hai-Yan , Ren Xiao-Dan , Yu Guo-Jing , Xu Guang-Hui
Published: November 2012

Phytochemical investigation of branch wood of Pinus banksiana Lambert resulted in the isolation of a new lignan glycoside, which was named phillyrin-6″-α-rhamnoside. The structure of the new compound was mainly elucidated by chemical and spectral evidence including 2D nuclear magnetic resonance studies. In addition, four known phenolics, including a phenylpropanoid glucoside (trans-isoconiferin), a phenolic acid (caffeic acid), a neolignan (cedrusin), and a lignan glucoside (phillyrin), were reported for the first time to be present in P. banksiana.
SH3-mediated targeting of Wrch1/RhoU by multiple adaptor proteins
Authors: Risse Sarah L. , Vaz Belen , Burton Matthew F. , Aspenström Pontus , Piekorz Roland P. , Brunsveld Luc , Ahmadian Mohammad R.
Published: November 2012

Wrch1/RhoU is an atypical member of the Rho family. A major structural difference is the extended N-terminus of Wrch1 (nWrch1) containing three putative SH3 domain-binding motifs whose specificities are unknown. To define the impact of this extended region on coupling Wrch1 to cellular signaling, we analyzed in this study nWrch1 interaction with Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of different adaptor proteins. Using sedimentation and isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) measurements, we identified isolated SH3 domains of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (Nck1), c-Src, chicken tumor virus no. 10 (CT 10) regulator kinase 1 (Crk1), and p120 as low-affinity Wrch1-binding partners. Interestingly, under cell-based conditions, nWrch1 bound tightly to endogenous Grb2 and Nck, but not to Crk, c-Src, or p120. Consistent with this, a very tight nWrch1 interaction with full-length Grb2 and Nck1 was confirmed in vitro by ITC measurements indicating that high avidity of the adaptor proteins can compensate for the low affinity of their SH3 domains. Peptide analysis revealed that the central PxxP motif of nWrch1, which employs a minimal consensus sequence of eight amino acids with an essential arginine next to the PxxP motif, is responsible for these interactions. Thus, novel functional insights from this study suggest that multiple upstream signals may converge on Wrch1 directly through its SH3 domain-binding properties.
Carboxypeptidase M augments kinin B1 receptor signaling by conformational crosstalk and enhances endothelial nitric oxide output
Authors: Zhang Xianming , Tan Fulong , Brovkovych Viktor , Zhang Yongkang , Lowry Jessica L. , Skidgel Randal A.
Published: November 2012

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane proteins that play key roles in transducing extracellular signals to intracellular proteins to generate cellular responses. The kinin GPCRs, named B1 (B1R) and B2 (B2R), are responsible for mediating the biological responses to kinin peptides released from the precursor kininogens. Bradykinin (BK) or kallidin (KD) are agonists for B2Rs, whereas their carboxypeptidase (CP)-generated metabolites, des-Arg9-BK or des-Arg10-KD, are specific agonists for B1Rs. Here, we review the evidence for a critical role of membrane-bound CPM in facilitating B1R signaling by its ability to directly activate the receptor via conformational crosstalk as well as generate its specific agonist. In endothelial cells, the CPM/B1R interaction facilitates B1R-dependent high-output nitric oxide under inflammatory conditions.
A genetic variant in the promoter region of miR-34b/c is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Lin-Bo , Li Li-Juan , Pan Xin-Min , Li Zhao-Hui , Liang Wei-Bo , Bai Peng , Zhu Yin-Hua , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2012

The miR-34 family members, described as potential tumor suppressors, were downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss of miR-34 impairs TP53-mediated cell death, while overexpression of miR-34 induces apoptosis. A potentially functional polymorphism (i.e., rs4938723T/C) in the promoter region of pri-miR-34b/c was predicted to influence the GATA-X binding sites. We aimed to investigate the association between miR-34b/c rs4938723 and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and the risk of CRC. We genotyped the two polymorphisms in 347 CRC patients and 488 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing assay. We found that the CC genotype and C allele of the miR-34b/c rs4938723 were associated with a significantly decreased risk of CRC compared with the TT genotype and T allele (CC vs. TT: adjusted OR=0.56; 95% CI, 0.34–0.91; C vs. T: adjusted OR=0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.97). In combined analysis, a borderline significance was also observed in subjects carrying the rs4938723 CT/CC and TP53 GG genotypes (adjusted OR=0.66; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99). These findings indicate that the rs4938723 in the promoter region of pri-miR-34b/c was a protective factor for the development of CRC. As the significance is marginal, further replication studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Horizontally Placed Hydrophobic Rectangular Channel (Part 2, Influence of Abrupt Contraction)
Authors: Ueda Y. , Nakajima T. , Ishii T. , Tsujino R. , Iguchi M.
Published: November 2012

This paper computationally visualizes two-phase flow patterns through a horizontally placed hydrophilic or hydrophobic rectangular channel with an abrupt contraction. The rectangular duct used in this study has a thickness narrower than the Laplace constant so that the surface tension governs the fluid system rather than the inertia force. In particular, the computed bubble behavior at the abrupt contraction seemed to be a similar nature against the preliminary experimental result.