bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of COVID-19 Airborne Infection During Hybrid Learning
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis , Chudnovsky Eugene , Paul Thomas
Published: March 2021

Converging lines of evidence seem to indicate that SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, can be transmitted from person-to-person via aerosols that waft through the air and accumulate over time. The airborne nature of the virus could be a threat in indoor spaces in general and in particular for in-class education. We provide an assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during a 7-hour school day in elementary schools. We show that existing data are insufficient to establish a low (below 1%) probability of infection with high accuracy. The use of facemasks and social distancing could significantly decrease this risk.
PRODUKTÍV TÁVOLSÁGOK – NARRATÍV KOMMUNIKÁCIÓS MODELLEK
Authors: FARAGÓ Kornélia
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány az emlékezeti szférában rejlő esztétikai potenciál előhívására alkalmas jelenkori narratív elképzelések iránt érdeklődik, és mindenekelőtt azt a kérdést teszi fel, hogyan működnek a valakihez beszélés és a valakiről való beszélés alakzatai, amikor az elbeszélő fiktív önkeresései és a családtörténeti viszonyok rejtett kiterjedései válnak az elbeszélés tárgyává. Milyen markánsabb dimenziói vannak annak a nyitott szerkezetnek, amely az esetleges kombinációk működése folytán áll elő? Amennyiben Németh Gábor Egy mormota nyara vagy Dragan Velikić A nyomolvasó című „helyszínkereső” regényét olvassuk, az is felmerül, hogy milyen megértési koncepciót dolgoz ki a mai regény a kulturális távolságokat, az idegenségtapasztalati témákat illetően, mit sajátít ki a szorongás és a félelem élményvilágából a maga számára, hogyan játszódik le a kiválasztás és az átalakítás kettős folyamata.
A KOLLABORATÍV ONLINE NYELVTANULÁS LEHETőSÉGEI ÉS TANULSÁGAI KÉT MAGyAR MINT IDEGEN NYELVI PROJEKT ALAPJÁN
Authors: BORSOS Levente , KRUZSLICZ Tamás , OSZKÓ Beatrix
Published: March 2021

A dolgozat egy magyar mint idegen nyelv oktatásához kapcsolódó kutatás eredményeiből mutat be részleteket. Magyar tanárjelöltek, japán és horvát nyelvtanulók voltak a résztvevői a budapesti, oszakai és eszéki egyetemeken zajló két projektnek, melyek középpontjában az interkulturális kommunikatív kompetencia és az IKT-eszközök használata állt. A kommunikációs felületet közösségi oldalak biztosították (LINE, illetve Facebook). A számítógépen és telefonon egyaránt megjeleníthető tematikus feladatokat a tanárjelöltek készítették, melyeket a nyelvtanulók jellemzően páros vagy csoportos munka során oldottak meg.    A projektek utolsó eleme egy a résztvevők által kitöltött kérdőíves felmérés volt. Ennek eredményei alapján számolunk be arról, mit tartottak hasznosnak a résztvevők, illetve mi jelentett nehézséget számukra. Az előzetes elvárásoknak megfelelően a kultúraközvetítés, a valós kommunikáció a pozitívumok között szerepelt, ahogy az IKT-eszközök használatában szerzett gyakorlat is. A két nyelvtanuló csoport eltérő mértékben jelölte meg a nehézséget okozó tényezőket. A nemzetközi tapasztalatokkal egybevágóan kutatásunk eredményei is azt bizonyítják, hogy a tanári irányítás elengedhetetlen eleme e projekteknek, azzal viszont sikeres és hatékony színfolt lehet a nyelvtanítás és -tanulás palettáján.
Germany and EU Reforms
Authors: Kokeev A.
Published: March 2021

Germany is playing a key role in the resolution of the EU crisis. Berlin has not only proposed changes in the economic and finance spheres, but also the initiation of the political reform of the EU. However, for several reasons, starting from the middle of 2013 there has been a serious shift in emphasis from the creation of a political union to the construction of an EU banking union. Angela Merkel’s victory in German elections increased the country’s European political activity, and Berlin announced new initiatives which involved amendments to fundamental EU agreements. At the same time, German European policy aims to strengthen the position of nation states in the future European integration, and slightly reduce the role of the European Commission. Here one can see a certain level of convergence between the German and British positions. However, as Angela Merkel’s visit to London in February 2014 demonstrated, the interests of the two countries in the EU are hardly compatible. To other EU countries, Germany’s leadership in the EU seems to favor German interests at the expense of other partners. The questions whether EU countries will still follow Germany’s European political direction and whether they are able to implement the necessary reforms in their own countries as well as in the EU remain open and foster Euroscepticism.
EU Integration Perspectives and the Specific Character of Nordic Countries
Authors: Voronov K.
Published: March 2021

The Nordic countries adhere to a prudent, wait-and-see position, focusing on accomplishing of the integration project future development model offered de facto by Berlin or London. To all appearance, neither disintegration of the EU, nor the more dynamic system of the EU development – the transfer to federalism – is profitable for the Nordic countries. They also fear the intensification of European integration in the format “Europe of Different Speeds”. The overcoming of stagnation by the European project most probably associates with traditional way of strengthening the role and importance of sovereign member states.
Wastewater Management to Conservation and It's Coping to Climate Change Impacts
Authors: Kristiyanto Kristiyanto
Published: March 2021

The drought is one of all phenomena at local to a global scale that caused climate change impacts, alongside it also the human activities related, which were deforested and land use changed that caused to ecological disturbance, which one is hydrological changes. Hence, it’s a lot of lost productivity, chiefly to farming land aspects and the other, so the land restoration by reforestation is needed in framework to water cycle (hydrology) process kindly. The aim of this research has identified and analyzed ecological restoration to ecosystem services, chiefly in wastewater management (treatment) to conservation, especially in Al Zaytun areas (Pesantren), so observing and in-depth individual interview (with some of personage and pesantren of boards) is one method that used to data collected, alongside land survey management to classified type development in Al Zaytun areas. The result of this research revealed that Al Zaytun successfully in water management to conservation by wastewater treated management by Eichhornia crassipes (Enceng gondok), afterward to the reservoir as water saved development. Those conservation types considered capability in reviving to ecological systems to ecosystem services increased kindly, alongside to land restoration by some of the plant species or trees to grow and developed in which Tectona grandis L. f is more dominantly and it's favorite because of investment economic that advantage based on ecological perspective. These were type management that did by Al Zaytun, alongside its able in coping to both drought and climate change impacts kindly and adaptively, and of course, it’s part of an obligation as the follower’s Islam religion in preserving and maintaining natural resources, chiefly to water resources.
Sensitivity analysis accurately directs water-loss reduction interventions
Authors: Johnson Edgar
Published: March 2021

Water supply and delivery inefficiencies increase the overall costs of water distribution networks, which is ultimately paid for by the customer through increased water prices or by society through cross-subsidisation. The benefits of correctly identifying and implementing efficiency improvement programs in water networks generally outweigh their costs. The paper illustrates how the interrelationship between components of the water balance influences the derivation of water-loss performance indicators and directs the selection of loss reduction interventions. Data anomalies in one part of the balance will affect other parts due to the balance maintaining its equilibrium.
Short-term and long-term safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir treatment of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Chunhua , Chen Yi , Zhang Rou , Fu Shan , Zhou Mimi , Gao Zhijie , Fu Mengjun , Yan Taotao , Yang Yuan , Li Jianzhou , Liu Jinfeng , Chen Tianyan , Zhao Yingren , He Yingli
Published: March 2021

Background & Aims: There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in the treatment of HBV-ACLF. Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes among TAF, TDF and ETV, three first-line antivirals against chronic hepatitis B, in patients with HBV-ACLF. Methods: Patients with HBV-related ACLF were recruited and received daily TAF (25mg/d), TDF (300 mg/d) and ETV (0.5 mg/d). They were prospectively followed-up. The primary endpoint was overall survival at week 12 and week 48, the secondary endpoints were virological response and biochemical response. Results: Forty gender and age matched eligible subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: TAF group, TDF group and ETV group. By week 48, 8 (80%) patients in TAF group, 6 (60%) patients in TDF group and 17 (85%) patients in ETV group survived without liver transplantation (P = 0.251). After 4 weeks of NAs treatment, all three groups showed paralleling reduction of HBV DNA levels. All three groups presented similar biochemical responses at week 4, patients treated with TAF showed a priority in total bilirubin reduction, albumin and cholesterol maintenance. Additionally, although there was no significant difference in changes of serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and estimated GFR among the three groups by treatment week 4, TDF showed unfavorable renal safety even in short term treatment. The treatment using NAs was well-tolerated and there was no serious drug-related adverse event reported. Conclusions: TAF, TDF and ETV are of similar efficacy and safety in short-term and long-term treatment of HBV-ACLF. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03640728 (05/02/2019).
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Thermal and Optical Properties of Nano-Composite Self-Cleaning Smart Window
Authors: Vardanjani Mehdi Jafari , Karevan Mehdi
Published: March 2021

Polymer-based smart windows have recently received attention due to their capabilities in energy consumption reduction. A smart window provides desired optical properties when heated/cooled by using solar energy when the ambient temperature requires regulation. The main issue here is the design and fabrication of such a smart element which is the main axis of the current research. The window in the proposed design operates in such a way that the percentage of light transmission depends on the presence of nanofluid between the two walls and refractive index conformity between the fluid and the polymeric walls; Therefore the percentage of light transmission will be at its minimum value (45%) in the absence of fluid and it will be at the maximum value (80%) at the presence of fluid. The fundamental steps of the present design includes design, fabrication, and characterization of the materials. In this regard experiments to determine the mechanical, physical, structural, optical, and thermal properties of components have been performed after considering, designing, and manufacturing various samples. The results show that the proposed smart offers acceptable performance with a fast switching rate and even more than other similar smart glasses due to the usage of discharge/injection mechanism. In overall, the product can be used as a smart transparent element in various structures such as buildings and even vehicles to regulate energy consumption and/or block the view for security purposes.
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage associated with pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Mo Bin , Li Song-Feng , Liu Yi , Zhou Jun , Wang Shao-Li , Shi Xiang-Yu
Published: March 2021

Purpose
To analyze the characteristics, related risk factors, and prognosis of suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) associated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
Methods
Cases of SCH associated with PPV excluding trauma were retrospectively analyzed in Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2010 and June 2020. General data were collected including general data, myopia status, axial length, state of crystalline lens, onset time of SCH, range, treatment method, visual prognosis, and methods of operation and anesthesia. Patients were divided into those with SCH related to first PPV (Group 1), and SCH related to second intraocular surgery in vitrectomized eye (Group 2). Patients were also categorized by the onset time of SCH as expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage group (ESCH), and delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage group (DSCH).The general data, related risk factors, and the visual prognosis of SCH in different groups were analyzed.
Results
SCH associated with PPV was studied in 28 cases; 16 male and 12 female. The mean age of the patients was (53.51 ± 10.21) years old, and the mean follow-up time (24.94 ± 14.60) days, mean axial length was (28.21 ± 3.14) mm. Of these cases, 21 was high myopia, 25 was aphakia/ pseudophakic, and 7 had focal hemorrhage. Silicone oil removal had the highest occurrence with 12 cases (43%). Patients in Group 2 were younger than Group 1 (P = 0.005). In terms of treatment and prognosis, 5 eyes were simply closely observed, 4 given single suprachoroidal drainage, 15 given suprachoroidal drainage combining silicone tamponade, 2 undergoing anterior chamber puncture, and 2 giving up treatment. A follow-up vision: NLP ~ 20/30; 2 eyes with NLP (7.14%), 6 of ≥ 20/200 (21.43%). The final outcomes presented a significantly positive correlation with baseline vision, but no significant correlation with age or axial length.
Conclusions
SCH has a higher incidence rate after a second intraocular surgery in a vitrectomized eye which is associated with the lack of vitreous support and easier fluctuation of intraocular pressure. SCH associated with PPV is more localized and has a relatively good prognosis; high myopia and aphakic/ pseudophakic eyes are risk factors. Active treatment can effectively improve visual prognosis.
Trial registration:
Retrospective case series study, not applicable.
Molecular Evolution of Alphabaculovirus genomes: Evidence of Mutational bias and Natural selection
Authors: Mahapattanakul Puttatida , Rajbhandari Pragun , Rodpothong Patsarin
Published: March 2021

Codon usage is a reflection of evolutionary adaptation to environmental pressure. The pattern of usage may be unique to species of viruses, genomes of the same species or genes within the same genome. Here we have analysed the overall nucleotide composition and the nucleotides at different codon positions in the genomes of 6 Alphabaculoviruses. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based on Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) of all Open Reading Frames (ORFs) was employed to investigate the pattern of the codon usage. The results suggest the Alphabaculovirus genomes, except that of Agrotis Ipsilon mNPV (AgipNPV), are predominantly under an influence of a neutral mutation that bias toward A/T. The majority of the ORFs, except those of the AgipNPV, cluster at the same location in the 2-dimensional PCA map with one prominent outlier that has been identified as a P6.9 gene. The six Alpha-baculovirus P6.9 genes have a high G/C content, dissimilar to the majority of the ORFs. The G/C content is found to be significantly high at the 2 nd codon position, suggesting the influence of natural selection and perhaps reflecting its functional conservation in DNA packaging as well as its evolutionary relation to Protamine.
Probing the Private Quantum Life of s Electrons in Atoms of Nanomaterials -A New Quantum Theoretical Insight
Authors: IYAKUTTI KOMBIAH , VJ Surya , Y Kawazoe
Published: March 2021

The exotic properties exhibited by some of the nanomaterials could not be explained by the existing quantum theory. As a result one is forced to look back at the development of the quantum theory and some of the inelegancies. First, the quantized orbital angular momentum of s electron in an atom is taken as zero. This may be an acceptable fact for s electrons in an individual atom, but for the s electrons in a crystal or nanomaterial, this is far from the real situation. Secondly, in the wave function Ψ(r,θ), θ is considered as a dimensionless variable. These inelegancies lead to the impression that the present quantum theory is a steppingstone to a more complete description of nature. Here arises a necessity for probing the private quantum life of s electrons in crystal or nanomaterial. By assigning dimension to θ on par with r, we have quantum engineered the orbital angular momentum and hence the orbital degrees of freedom of s electrons and their signatures in a crystal. This restoration leads to new non-zero angular quantum numbers to s electrons of atoms in a crystal/nanomaterial. As a result the s electron occupation in nanomaterial is altered. Its new physics implications in material science, quantum chemistry and quantum technology are highlighted in this paper.
Characterization, Cultivation, and Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Betula Fujianensis
Authors: Gao Wei , Huang Yongrong , Wang Huihui , Huang Shide , Ye Gongfu , Huang Maogen , Wu Xingsheng , Chen Aiping , Xiao Shengwu , Zhang Hangxiao
Published: March 2021

Background: Betula fujianensis (B. fujianensis), a new Betulaceae species reported in 2008, is endemic and endangered in the Fujian province of China. However, little is known about it, and no special protection measures have been taken. So it is urgent to take some activities for its well conservation.Results: In this study, we systematically described its morphological characteristics, developed a cultivation method, and were the first to report its whole chloroplast genome sequence. We conducted a comparative analysis using its synonymous species (B. luminifera) and identified its distinct characteristic, especially in bark and leaves. It has serrated leaves covered with glandular punctation and short and rare pubescences, and its bark gradually changes with age from smooth to exfoliate. We also observed that its chlorophyll content substantially changes with age. Furthermore, we also sequenced B. luminifera’s chloroplast genome sequence, compared it with that of B. fujianensis, and found that gene rpl16 is absent in B. fujianensis. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that B. fujianensis is relatively close to B. luminifera. Conclusions: These observations and chloroplast genome sequence results provide more information about B. fujianensis. The comparative analysis with B. luminifera will provide some clues to different environmental adaptation. The cultivation method make further scientific researches possible, contribute to its good conservation and promote its utilization in afforestation and industrial application in the future.
In-birth CPR in neonates; Predictable or Unpredictable?
Authors: Zarkesh Mohammad Reza , Moradi Raheleh , Orooji Azam
Published: March 2021

Background: Anticipating on in-birth Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) in neonates is very important and complex. Timely identification and rapid CPR in neonates in the delivery room significantly affect reducing the mortality and other neurological disabilities. The aim of this study is to create a prediction system for identifying the need to in-birth CPR in neonates based on Machine Learning(ML) algorithms.Methods: In this study, 3882 neonatal medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Records were extracted from the maternal, fetal, and neonatal registry of Valiasr hospital in Tehran. A total of 60 risk factors were extracted, and five ML algorithms including J48, Naïve Bayesian, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)، Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest were compared to predict the need to in-birth CPR in neonates. Also, using 10 feature selection algorithms, the features were ranked based on the importance, and using the ML algorithms, the important risk factors were identified. Results: In order to predict the need to in-birth CPR in neonates, SVM using all risk factors reached the accuracy of 88.43% and F-measure of 88.4%, while MLP using the 15 first important features reached the accuracy of 90.86% and the F-measure of 90.8%. The most important risk factors included gestational age, delivery type, presentation, steroid administration, macrosomia, prenatal care, infant number and rank, mother addiction, maternal chronic disease history, fetal hydrops, amniotic fluid, gestational hypertension, infertility and placental abruption. Conclusions: The proposed system can be useful in predicting the need to CPR in neonates in the delivery room.
A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of a New Endoscopic Nasal Mask for Intravenous Anaesthesia With Respiratory Retention: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yu Bin , Wang Mengying , Cheng Xinyu , Ma Haiyue , Xie Shuqi
Published: March 2021

Background: General anaesthesia is the most common choice for day surgery, and a laryngeal mask airway is the most commonly used airway management method in general anaesthesia. Many of the complications of laryngeal mask airways are not conducive to a rapid recovery and discharge. The main purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness and safety of a new endoscopic nasal mask for anaesthesia for a short surgery.Methods: This is a randomized controlled study of 96 patients who were scheduled to undergo hysteroscopy, breast mass resection or great saphenous vein lesion resection. They were randomly divided into two groups. After entering the operating room, 48 patients in the control group were treated with LMA-assisted ventilation, and 48 patients in the experimental group were subjected to assisted ventilation with the new endoscopic nasal mask. Both groups were given dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil, propofol, dexamethasone, parecoxib sodium, dezocine and ramosetron to complete the intravenous general anaesthesia.The main observation indexes included the occurrence of hypoxemia (SpO2<90%) after anaesthesia induction; the occurrence of hypercapnia (PetCO2>50 mmHg) due to respiratory depression and changes in the PaO2 and PaCO2 values in the arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) results.Results: The occurrence of hypoxemia (SPO2<90%) in the experimental group and the control group was not significantly different (P>0.05). The occurrence of hypercapnia (PetCO2>50 mmHg) in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. According to the results of the preoperative and postoperative arterial blood gas analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in PaO2 and PaCO2 between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both methods are safe and effective for anaesthesia during a short operation. The new endoscopic nasal mask can quickly and effectively provide effective ventilation . It is convenient for anaesthesia airway management for clinical short day surgery.Trial registration: Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn; registration no.: ChiCTR2000032548; date of registration: 3rd May 2020
18f-fdg Pet/mr in Focal Epilepsy: a New Step for Improving the Detection of Epileptogenic Lesions
Authors: FLAUS Anthime , MELLERIO Charles , RODRIGO Sebastian , BRULON Vincent , LEBON Vincent , CHASSOUX Francine
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Hybrid PET/MR is a promising tool in focal drug-resistant epilepsy, however the additional value for the detection of epileptogenic lesions and surgical decision-making remains to be established.Methods: We retrospectively compared 18F-FDG PET/MR images with those obtained by a previous 18F-FDG PET co-registered with MRI (PET+MR) in 25 consecutive patients (16 females, 13-60 year-old) investigated for focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Visual analysis was performed by two readers blinded from imaging modalities, asked to assess the technical characteristics (co-registration, quality of images), confidence in results, location of PET abnormalities and presence of a structural lesion on MRI. The clinical impact on surgical strategy and outcome was assessed independently.Results: The location of epilepsy was temporal in 9 patients and extra-temporal in 16 others. MRI was initially considered negative in 21 of them. PET alone demonstrated metabolic abnormalities in 19 cases (76%), and the co-registration with MRI allowed the detection of 4 additional structural lesions. PET/MR was considered better performing than PET+MR in 56% of patients. The increase in sensitivity was 13% and new structural lesions (mainly focal cortical dysplasias) were detected in 6 patients (24%). Change of surgical decision-making was substantial for 40% of patients, consisting in avoiding invasive monitoring in 6 patients and modifying the planning in 4 others. Seizure-free outcome was obtained in 13/14 patients who underwent a cortical resection.Conclusion: Hybrid PET/MR improves the detection of epileptogenic lesions, allowing to optimize the presurgical work-up and to increase the proportion of successful surgery even in the more complex cases.
Tool Wear Conditions Monitoring Based on Kernel Smoothing Density and Deep Learning
Authors: BAZI Rabah , Benkedjouh Tarak , Habbouche Houssem , Rechak said
Published: March 2021

Life prediction and health assessment of cutting tools is a challenging problem in industrial manufacturing, and plays an important role for Prognostic activities. The degradation of this tool can cause significant economic losses and risks for machine users. However, due to the random nature of system degradation and the sensitivity of various features characterizing cutter degradation, may vary considerably under different operation conditions. This paper propose a new data driven approach for tool condition monitoring, based on kernel smoothing density to model the random phenomena of degradation progression. The health assessment is insured using one directional neural network to extract useful information’s. Deep learning allows relating between extracted features and health indicator progression, and estimate remaining useful life. This methodology is evaluated using regression metrics and compared with recent frameworks, based on an experimental dataset from PHM Data Challenge 2010. The obtained results shows that the proposed approach can effectively predict the tool wear and obtain higher prediction accuracy than other comparison models.
Dissemination of Blandm-5 in Escherichia Coli via the Incx3 Plasmid From Different Regions in China
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Yang Lang , Dong Nian , Lin Yanfeng , Zhang Ling , Wang Xu , Guo Xudong , Xiang Ying , Jin Lianqun , Zhang Chuanfu , Sun Yansong , Li Peng , Song Hongbin , Shaofu Qiu
Published: March 2021

Background: Recently, the spread of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli has become a severe challenge in clinical therapy, which necessitates reliable detection and surveillance methods. However, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and dissemination of the blaNDM-5 gene in Escherichia coli in China. Therefore, we investigated the dissemination of the blaNDM-5 gene in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from different regions in China.Methods: A total of 1,180 carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae strains were obtained from patients admitted to the 20 sentinel hospitals in eight cities. Strains positive for blaNDM-5 were detected using the Vitek 2 compact system, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PCR, the S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis assay, and Southern blot hybridization. The horizontal-transfer capability of the blaNDM gene was assessed by filter mating with a standard E. coli J53 azide-resistant strain as the recipient. Genotyping, susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing were performed. Results: Seven strains of blaNDM-5-positive E.coli was detected in 1180 clinical strains from different regions in China. The blaNDM-5-carrying strains showed resistance to multiple tested antibiotics and belonged to two widespread sequence types, ST167 and ST405. Antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaCMY, and two novel blaTEM variants (blaTEM-230 and blaTEM-231) were also identified. Southern blotting located the blaNDM-5 gene on 46-kb IncX3 plasmids in all isolates, which showed only two single nucleotide differences between EJN003 and the other strains. Conclusions: This study further confirms the increasing occurrence of blaNDM-5-carrying IncX3 plasmids and the dissemination of carbapenem resistance in E. coli isolates via the plasmid from different parts in China, which warrants stringent surveillance and control measures.
Rps15a Imparts Chemoresistance by Regulating Cd44 Expression and Cell Stemness in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Pengjun , Wang Xiaoping , Li Ziyao , Wang Yifei , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2021

Chemotherapy is one of the effective ways to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the development of chemoresistance during chemotherapy lowers drug efficacy. Although previous studies have shown that the ribosomal protein S15A (RPS15A) involved in the progression and overall survival of malignancies, its function in chemoresistance is unknown. This study sought to elucidate the function of RPS15A in chemoresistance in ESCC. Our results show that knocking down or overexpressing RPS15A in ESCC cell lines can significantly change the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and affect cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, an increase in chemotherapeutic drug concentration leads to increased expression of RPS15A and CD44 proteins. When we utilized the ESCC cisplatin-resistant cell line to corroborate our findings, we found that the levels of RPS15A and CD44 proteins were substantially greater in daughter than parental cells. Subsequent experiments indicated that RPS15A modulated chemoresistance by controlling the expression of CD44 and the cell stemness in ESCC. Hence, our data suggest that RPS15A participates in the chemoresistance in ESCC by controlling the expression of CD44 and regulating cell stemness. Taken together, our study provides plausible mechanisms for RPS15A-mediated chemoresistance in ESCC cells and suggests that the inhibition of the RPS15A/CD44 pathway may be a potential target for improving chemotherapy efficacy.
Parental decision and intent towards COVID-19 vaccination in children with asthma. An econometric analysis
Authors: Drouin Olivier , Montmarquette Claude , Prudhomme Alexandre , Arnaud Yann , Fontaine Pierre , Silva Roxane Borgès Da
Published: March 2021

Objective

. Vaccination will be instrumental in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination of children will be necessary to achieve herd immunity. Given that children with chronic health conditions may be at increased risk of COVID-19, it is crucial to understand factors influencing parental decisions about whether to have their child vaccinated. The study objectives were to measure parental intent to have their child with asthma vaccinated against COVID-19 and identify the determinants of their vaccination decision.
Study design

. This study is based on a cross-sectional exploratory observational online survey assessing parents' risk perception in the context of COVID-19.
Methods

. In this study conducted in August 2020, the primary outcome was parent’s answer to the question on their intention to get their child vaccinated if a vaccine against COVID-19 was available. Participants were also asked about their intention to get vaccinated themselves. Independent variables studied included sociodemographic, clinical data (e.g. presence of other chronic diseases), psychological, cognitive and risk perception related to COVID-19. Simultaneous equations models (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regressions model (SUR) were carried out to identify factors associated with intention to have the child vaccinated and participants’ intention to get vaccinated themselves against COVID-19.
Results
.
A total of 305 participants completed
the survey.

Overall, 19.1% of participants reported being unlikely or very unlikely to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 if a vaccine was available. Similarly, 21.0% were unlikely or very unlikely to get vaccinated themselves. The following factors were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with parents’ decision to have their child vaccinated: parental level of education, employment status, sex of the child, presence of other chronic diseases, whether or not the child had been vaccinated against influenza in the past, parental anxiety, and consultation with a health professional since the beginning of the pandemic. There was a strong relationship between likelihood of not intending to have one’s child vaccinated and personal intent not to get vaccinated.
Conclusion

. These findings are essential in planning for the communication and dissemination of COVID-19 vaccination information to parents, especially for children with asthma or other chronic medical conditions.
Novel and Accurate Predictive Model of Peri-implantitis for Implant Prosthesis in Managing Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Lu Jiaping , Zhang Naizheng , Qian Wenhao
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of peri-implantitis for implant prosthesis and to establish a predictive model of occurrence in managing patients with chronic periodontitis. 430 patients (a total of 686 implants) with 5 years follow-up were included in the study. The demographic and clinical characteristics independent variables were including patient related factors (age, gender, duration of symptoms, smoking, diabetes, severity of periodontitis, bone mineral density, oral hygiene) and implants related factors (position, implant diameter, implant length, additional operations, probing depth, gingival index, plaque index, load-bearing time). Univariate analysis identified the influencing factors, the statistically significant factors were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the predictive model was established. After 5 years of follow-up, peri-implantitis occurred in 95 of 686 implants (13.8%). Multiple linear regression indicated that smoking (p = 0.011), diabetes (p < 0.001), severe periodontitis (p = 0.023), lager implant diameter (p < 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001) increased the odds of occurrence of peri-implantitis. There were no significant differences in other factors. (p > 0.05) Logistic regression drew the equation: occurrence of peri-implantitis = [1 + e (16.172+5.395*smoking+4.807*diabetes +8.109*severe periodontitis+5.569*lager implant diameter+11.138*poor oral hygiene)]−1. The sensitivity of predictive factors was 91.77%, 88.43%, 82.64%, 85.21% and 92.02%, respectively. The specificity 45.65%, 49.17%, 66.23%, 42.39% and 65.41%, respectively. The AUC was 0.721, 0.620, 0.453, 0.651 and 0.826, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fitting of the predictive model with an overall accuracy of 87.2%. Smoking, diabetes, severe periodontitis, lager implant diameter and poor oral hygiene are important risk factors of peri-implantitis. We also established a novel and accurate predictive model for the occurrence of peri-implantitis in managing patients with chronic periodontitis. The use of these parameters, in the form of a predictive model, has the potential to improve decision-making in the application of the treatment plan.
Knowledge by Primary Care of mental health patients treated at outpatient specialized services: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Treichel Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Bakolis Ioannis , Campos Rosana Teresa Onocko
Published: March 2021

Background

Although matrix support seeks to promote the integration of Primary Care with specialized mental health services in Brazil, little is known about the quantitative impact of this strategy on the sharing of cases between different levels of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with knowledge by Primary Care of mental health patients treated at outpatient specialized services in a medium-sized city in Brazil with recent implementation of matrix support.
Methods

This is a document-based cross-sectional study, conducted through the analysis of 1198 patients’ medical records. Crude and adjusted associations with the outcome were explored using logistic regression.
Results

The prevalence of cases known by Primary Care was 40% (n = 479). Evidence was found for associations between the outcome and the patients being over 30 years old, and referral by emergency or hospital services. There was, conversely, an inverse association between the outcome and status as a patient from the Outpatient Clinic or from the Psychosocial Care Center for psychoactive substance misuse.
Conclusions

Even with the provision of mechanisms for network integration, such as matrix support, our results suggest that more groundwork is necessary to ensure that the sharing of cases between Primary Care and specialized services is effective.
Optical Properties in The Hole-Doped Ca8.5Na1.5(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 Single Crystal
Authors: Choi W. J. , Seo Y. I. , Kimura Shin-ichi , Kwon Yong Seung
Published: March 2021

For newly synthesized hole-doped Ca8.5Na1.5(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 single crystals, we measured the infrared reflectivity spectrum and the magnetic field dependence of magnetoresistivity and Hall resistivity. The results of these two experiments in normal states are well described by two band models. In the normal state below 150 K, the optical conductivity spectrum shows a transfer of spectral weights from the mid-infrared region to the near-infrared region. Meanwhile, the magnetoresistance and Hall resistance show a significant decrease in carrier density at 150 K. These two phenomena are due to the conversion of itinerant electrons to heavy electrons by the strong correlation effect, Hund's coupling. In the superconducting state, the spectral weight in the low frequency region by the superconducting condensate is completely suppressed, which is well analyzed by the generalized Mattis-Bardeen (M-B) model with a two superconducting gap.
Operando laser scattering: probing the evolution of local pH gradients on complex electrode architectures
Authors: Grozovski Vitali , Moreno-Garcia Pavel , Karst Elea , Gálvez-Vázquez María de Jesús , Fluegel Alexander , Kitayaporn Sathana , Vesztergom Soma , Broekmann Peter
Published: March 2021

Self-assembly, complexation, agglomeration and precipitation phenomena relevant to biological, electrocatalytic and technological processes are strongly influenced by changes of the local pH at the solid-liquid interfaces where they occur. Understanding proton dynamics in the diffusion layers generated by these processes is of prime importance to improve their diagnosis and enable modelling and better control over them. Here we introduce a non-invasive pH-sensing approach that is based on the Tyndall effect enhancement modulated by pH-controlled agglomeration events. Using metal electrodeposition for advanced semiconductor wiring technology as a test vehicle, we demonstrate that our proposed strategy simultaneously provides real-time visualization of the pH dynamics and pH-guided reactivity with high spatial resolution without physically or chemically influencing the investigated surfaces. We suggest that its applicability can be universally extended to other relevant nanoaggregation/decomplexation processes occurring at light-addressable interfaces provided the probed colloids are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
Institutionalized Elderly are able to Detect Small Viscosity Variations in Thickened Water with Gum-based Thickeners. Should Texture Classifications be Reviewed?
Authors: Calmarza-Chueca Fernando , Sánchez-Gimeno Ana-Cristina , Perez-Nogueras Javier , Caverni-Muñoz Alberto , Sanz-Arque Alejandro , Arbones-Mainar José Miguel , Sanz-Paris Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Background: The prevalence of dysphagia is very high in institutionalized elderly. Knowledge of the rheological and sensory characteristics of the various thickeners is limited, although it has been seen that there are differences between the rheological behaviors of different gum-based thickeners with different composition. We have not found sensory studies of viscosity in institutionalized elderly. Our hypothesis was that viscosity ranges established by the scientific societies seem to be very wide and individuals might be able to detect small differences within the same texture range. The objectives of our study were comparing the rheological characteristics of two commercial gum-based thickeners with different composition, dissolved in water under standard conditions, and checking whether it could be possible to detect different viscosities within the same texture (nectar and honey) with the use of sensory analysis (both with adults and elderly). Methods: Two commercial thickeners based on gums (NC and RC) were studied analyzing their viscosity in water with different concentrations (shear rate: 50 s-1; temperature: 22-25°C). A sensory analysis involving 26 elderly and 29 adult controls was carried out to evaluate whether differences within nectar and honey textures among gum-based thickeners could be distinguished. Results: As the shear rate increases, viscosity decreases (non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behavior). At the same concentration, each thickener produces a different viscosity (p<0.05). Institutionalized elderly detected viscosity differences in nectar range of 49.9 (2.5) mPa·s (p<0.05) y 102.2 (4.7) mPa·s (p<0.0001). They also detected viscosity differences in honey texture range of 134.6 (9.7) mPa·s (p<0.05) y 199,3 (9,2) mPa·s (p<0.0001). Their caregivers also detected viscosity differences in both viscosity ranges (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the accepted viscosity ranges for the different textures might be too wide because institutionalized elderly and their caregivers are able to discern small differences in viscosity in nectar and honey textures. Gum-based thickeners with different composition showed differences in viscosity capacity, so they are not interchangeable.
Artocarpesin Prevents Collagen Induced Platelet Aggregation and Clot Retraction Through Cyclic Nucleotides and Dephosphorylation of MAPKs  
Authors: Shin Jung-Hae , Irfan Muhammad , Lee Yuan Yee , Rhee Man Hee , Kwon Hyuk-Woo
Published: March 2021

Background

The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming a critical threat to our lives in these years. It is now widely accepted that platelets play an important role in cardiovascular disease as they have a fundamental role in thrombosis. Therefore, many drugs or natural substances have been developed to treat CVDs. Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) is a regional plant containing various flavonoids and xanthones, and various physiological activities have been reported. Therefore, we evaluated antiplatelet effects using artocarpesin isolated from C. tricuspidata.
Methods

The in vitro effects of artocarpesin on platelets was assessed using measurement of calcium mobilization and serotonin release, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation, clot retraction and phosphorylation of signaling molecules.
Results

Artocarpesin inhibited human platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation and thrombin-induced clot retraction through the regulation of associated signaling molecules such as vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IP3RI), and on the dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, JNK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt.
Conclusions

This study highlights that artocarpesin has inhibitory effects on platelet activities and thrombus formation and has potential value for preventing platelet-induced cardiovascular diseases.
Fascin-1 Is Highly Expressed Specifically in Microglia After Spinal Cord Injury and Regulates Microglial Migration
Authors: Yu Shuisheng , Cheng Li , Li Ziyu , Yao Fei , Luo Yang , Liu Yanchang , Zhu Zhenyu , Zheng Meige , Jing Juehua
Published: March 2021

BackgroundRecent research indicates that after spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia accumulate at the borders of lesions between astrocytic and fibrotic scars and perform inflammation-limiting and neuroprotective functions; however, the mechanism of microglial migration remains unclear. Fascin-1 is a key actin-bundling protein that regulates cell migration, invasion and adhesion, but its role during SCI has not been reported. MethodsA mouse model of thoracic (T10) spinal cord compression injury was used. We employed Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to assess expression levels of Fascin-1 protein and analyze cell localization of Fascin-1 after SCI. We employed Scratch assay and Transwell assay to evaluate the effect of Fascin-1 on the function of microglia in vitro. ResultsWe found that at 7-14 days after SCI in mice, Fascin-1 is significantly upregulated, mainly distributed around the lesion, and specifically expressed in CX3CR1-positive microglia. However, Fascin-1 is not expressed in GFAP-positive astrocytes, NeuN-positive neurons, NG2-positive cells, PDGFRβ-positive cells, or blood-derived Mac2-positive macrophages infiltrating into the lesion core. The expression of Fascin-1 is correspondingly decreased after microglia are specifically depleted in the injured spinal cord by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622. The upregulation of Fascin-1 expression is observed when microglia are activated by myelin debris in vitro, and microglial migration is prominently increased. The inhibition of Fascin-1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly suppresses the migration of microglia, but this effect can be reversed by treatment with myelin. The M1/M2 polarization of microglia does not affect the expression of Fascin-1. ConclusionsOur results suggest that Fascin-1 is highly expressed specifically in microglia after SCI and can play an important role in the migration of microglia and the formation of microglial scars. Hence, the elucidation of this mechanism will provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of SCI.
Mycoplasma fermentans in acute Crohn’s Disease. A preliminary report of a putative aetio-pathogenic agent*
Authors: Roediger William E. , Cummins Adrian , Burke Jennie , Philpot Ross
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Anatomical Basis of the Support of Fibula to Tibial Plateau and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Jiang Wen-Bin , Sun Shi-Zhu , Li Chan , Adds Philip , Wei Tang , Chen Wei , Yu Sheng-Bo , Sui Hong-Jin
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPartial fibulectomy always was used to treat knee osteoarthritis. The settlement of the nonuniform proximal tibia plateau is clinically defined as the height of the medial tibial platform was lower than that of the lateral side in the medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The reason for the unapparent is caused by fibular support on the lateral side. Orthopedic surgeons practiced partial fibulectomy based on the theory of nonuniform settlement, and the effect of reduce pain and improve function in patients with osteoarthritis was significant. However, this hypothesis of nonuniform settlement is still lacking an anatomical basis.MethodsThe P45 section technique was used to focus the distribution of the bone trabeculae on the tibial-fibular region.ResultsThe distribution of the bone trabeculae was uneven in the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and neck of the fibula. The bone trabeculae with uneven distribution of tibia and fibula in space might form a triangle. The fibula and the posterolateral bone cortex of the shaft of the tibia united to form an arch beam via the tibiofibular joint. In the meantime, a lot of thick and dense trabeculae were present in a longitudinal direction on the tibiofibular arch.Conclusions﻿The fibula supports the lateral tibial plateau, but the trabeculae were concentrated on the tibiofibular arch.