bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the active components of Huatan Tongjing decoction for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome via network pharmacology
Authors: Yu Jingwei , Fu Yanhong , Zeng Lei , Zheng Yongxia
Published: July 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women, potentially causing ovarian infertility for women at gestational age. Huatan Tongjing Decoction is commonly used to treat PCOS; however, the involved molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, the active components of Huatan Tongjing Decoction and potentially targeted proteins were downloaded from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. PCOS‐related genes were accessed from Malacards database. STRING database was utilized to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on the PCOS‐related genes and the predicted targets. Subsequently, the PPI network was subjected to Random walk with restart (RWR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on top 50 genes with the high affinity scores to the drug targets. Subsequently, based on the predicted drug components and targets, a component–gene interaction network was constructed. Finally, the most central drug targets were selected, and the corresponding compounds were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulations to examine their bindings. The 122 main active components and 246 potential targets of Huatan Tongjing Decoction were obtained from TCMSP, and a total of 259 nodes and 1919 interactions were acquired from the PPI network. The top 50 genes were mainly enriched in response to peptide hormone function and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations predicted that MMP‐quercetin interaction played an important role in the treatment of PCOS using Huatan Tongjing Decoction. Luteolin and quercetin in Huatan Tongjing Decoction potentially bound MMP9 and served as active components. This study preliminarily suggested the efficacy of Huatan Tongjing Decoction against PCOS in molecular degree.
The Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Adolescent mental health and adaptation following early deprivation
Authors: Wade Mark , Parsons Jill , Humphreys Kathryn L. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Sheridan Margaret A. , Zeanah Charles H. , Nelson Charles A. , Fox Nathan A.
Published: July 2022

Over the last 20 years, we have learned much about the extent to which early‐life deprivation affects the mental health of children and adolescents. This body of evidence comes predominantly from studies of children raised in institutional care. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the only randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether the transition to family‐based foster care early in development can ameliorate the long‐term impact of institutional deprivation on psychopathology during vulnerable developmental windows such as adolescence. In this review, we detail the extent to which early deprivation affects mental health during this period, the capacity of family‐based care to facilitate recovery from early deprivation, and the mechanisms underpinning these effects spanning social–emotional, cognitive, stress, and neurobiological domains. We end by discussing the implications and directions for the BEIP and other studies of youth raised in institutions.
The association of early life stress with IQ‐achievement discrepancy in children: A population‐based study
Authors: Schuurmans Isabel K. , Luik Annemarie I. , de Maat Donna A. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Cecil Charlotte A. M.
Published: July 2022

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with lower IQ and academic achievement; however, it remains unclear whether it additionally explains their discrepancy. In 2,401 children (54% girls, 30.2% migration background) from the population‐based study Generation R Study, latent factors of prenatal and postnatal (age 0–10) ELS were estimated, and IQ‐achievement discrepancy (age 12) was quantified as variance in academic achievement not explained by IQ. ELS was prospectively associated with larger IQ‐achievement discrepancy (βprenatal = −0.24; βpostnatal = −0.28), lower IQ (βprenatal = −0.20; βpostnatal = −0.22), and lower academic achievement (βprenatal = −0.31; βpostnatal = −0.36). Associations were stronger for latent ELS than for specific ELS domains. Results point to ELS as a potential prevention target to improve academic potential.
Heavy Tails and the Shape of Modified Numerals
Authors: Carcassi Fausto , Szymanik Jakub
Published: July 2022

The pattern of implicatures of the modified numeral “more than n” depends on the roundness of n. Cummins et al. (2012) present experimental evidence for the relation between roundness and implicature patterns and propose a pragmatic account of the phenomenon. More recently, Hesse and Benz (2020) present more extensive evidence showing that implicatures also depend on the magnitude of n and propose a novel explanation based on the approximate number system (Dehaene, 1999). Despite the wealth of experimental data, no formal account has yet been proposed to characterize the full posterior distribution over numbers of a listener after hearing “more than n.” We develop one such account within the Rational Speech Act framework, quantitatively reconstructing the pragmatic reasoning of a rational listener. We argue that world knowledge about the distribution of the true quantity has a substantial impact on the information conveyed by the modified numeral. We show that our pragmatic account in combination with a heavy‐tailed model of the participants' prior correctly predicts various features of the experimental data from Hesse and Benz (2020).
Utility of the IMPACT score for predicting heart transplant mortality. Analysis on a contemporary cohort of the Spanish Heart Transplant Registry
Authors: Ortiz‐Bautista Carlos , Muñiz Javier , Almenar‐Bonet Luis , Crespo‐Leiro María G. , Sobrino‐Márquez José M. , Farrero‐Torres Marta , García‐Cosio María D. , Díaz‐Molina Beatriz , Zegrí‐Reiriz Isabel , González‐Vilchez Francisco , Blázquez‐Bermejo Zorba , López Granados Amador , Gómez‐Bueno Manuel , de la Fuente‐Galán Luis , Blasco‐Peiró Teresa , Garrido‐Bravo Iris P. , García‐Romero Elena , Rábago Juan‐Aracil Gregorio , García‐Guereta Luis , Delgado‐Jiménez Juan F.
Published: July 2022

Introduction and objectives

The Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation (IMPACT) score was derived and validated as a predictor of mortality after heart transplantation (HT). The primary objective of this work is to externally validate the IMPACT score in a contemporary Spanish cohort.

Methods

Spanish Heart Transplant Registry data were used to identify adult (>16 years) HT patients between January 2000 and December 2015. Retransplantation, multiorgan transplantation and patients in whom at least one of the variables required to calculate the IMPACT score was missing were excluded from the analysis (N = 2810).

Results

Median value of the IMPACT score was five points (IQR: 3, 8). Overall, 1‐year survival rate was 79.1%. Kaplan‐Meier 1‐year survival rates by IMPACT score categories (0–2, 3–5, 6–9, 10–14, ≥15) were 84.4%, 81.5%, 79.3%, 77.3%, and 58.5%, respectively (Log‐Rank test:p < .001). Performance analysis showed a good calibration (Hosmer‐Lemeshow chi‐square for 1 year was 7.56;p = .47) and poor discrimination ability (AUC‐ROC .59) of the IMPACT score as a predictive model.

Conclusions

In a contemporary Spanish cohort, the IMPACT score failed to accurately predict the risk of death after HT.
Trends in marginal lung allograft survival: Advanced‐age donors improve
Authors: Miggins John James , Reul Ross Michael , Loor Gabriel , Ferreira Liam D. , Garcha Puneet S. , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Although lung demand continues to outpace supply, 75% of potential donor lungs are discarded without being transplanted in the United States. To identify the discarded cohorts best suited to alleviate the lung shortage and reduce waitlist mortality, we explored changes in survival over time for five marginal donor definitions: age >60 years, smoking history >20 pack‐years, PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg, purulent bronchoscopic secretions, and chest radiograph infiltrates.

Methods

Our retrospective cohort study separated 27 803 lung recipients in the UNOS Database into three 5‐year eras by transplant date: 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan‐Meier analysis with log‐rank test were used to compare survival across the eras.

Results

Three definitions—low PaO2/FiO2, purulent bronchoscopic secretions, and abnormal chest radiographs—did not bear out as truly marginal, demonstrating lack of significantly elevated risk. Advanced donor age demonstrated considerable survival improvement (HR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.26–1.72) in 2005–2009 down to 1.14 (.97–1.35) for 2015–2019), with protective factors being recipients <60 years, moderate recipient BMI, and low Lung Allocation Score (LAS). Donors with smoking history failed to demonstrate any significant improvement (HR (95% CI): 1.09 (1.01–1.17) in 2005–2009 increasing to 1.22 (1.08–1.38) in 2015–2019).

Conclusions

Advanced donor age, previously the most significant risk factor, has improved to near‐benchmark levels, demonstrating the possibility for matching older donors to healthier non‐elderly recipients in selected circumstances. Low PaO2/FiO2, bronchoscopic secretions, and abnormal radiographs demonstrated survival on par with standard donors. Significant donor smoking history, a moderate risk factor, has failed to improve.
Exploring Monumental Architecture in Post‐independence Côte d'Ivoire: The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro
Authors: von Reinersdorff Leonhard
Published: July 2022

This paper analyses the monumental architecture of post‐independence Côte d'Ivoire through the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace (1985–1989). Both the new capital project – commissioned by Côte d'Ivoire's first president Félix Houphouët‐Boigny – and the Basilica – evoking St. Peter's in Rome – represent a challenging modern heritage for Côte d'Ivoire, which in large part is not Catholic. The Basilica is virtually unknown outside of Côte d'Ivoire and is underrepresented in Western architectural histories, often portrayed in a patronizing manner. This paper aims to challenge this Western gaze. The study foregrounds power relations behind the Basilica, employing stylistic, material, constructive, social, and religious readings to produce a multi‐layered analysis of the building's history and heritage, applying discourses of modernity, post‐colonialism, and decolonisation. By analyzing international affiliations and relations, the Basilica is understood within its 20th century context and as part of the modern heritage of Africa.
Future opportunities for research in rescue treatments
Authors: Wheless James W. , Friedman Daniel , Krauss Gregory L. , Rao Vikram R. , Sperling Michael R. , Carrazana Enrique , Rabinowicz Adrian L.
Published: July 2022

Clinical studies of rescue medications for seizure clusters are limited and are designed to satisfy regulatory requirements, which may not fully consider the needs of the diverse patient population that experiences seizure clusters or utilize rescue medication. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the factors that contribute to, or may influence the quality of, seizure cluster research with a goal of improving clinical practice. We address five areas of unmet needs and provide advice for how they could enhance future trials of seizure cluster treatments. The topics addressed in this article are: (1) unaddressed end points to pursue in future studies, (2) roles for devices to enhance rescue medication clinical development programs, (3) tools to study seizure cluster prediction and prevention, (4) the value of other designs for seizure cluster studies, and (5) unique challenges of future trial paradigms for seizure clusters. By focusing on novel end points and technologies with value to patients, caregivers, and clinicians, data obtained from future studies can benefit the diverse patient population that experiences seizure clusters, providing more effective, appropriate care as well as alleviating demands on health care resources.
Divorced parents' perceived benefits and risks of dating and sharing of dating information
Authors: Kang Youngjin , Ganong Lawrence , Ko Kwangman
Published: July 2022

Objective

In this study we explored the associations among divorced parents' perceptions of the benefits and risks of dating and parents' sharing of private information about dating, specifically information related to the timing of introducing dating partners to children and coparents and disclosures to children about dating activities.

Background

Relatively little is known about how divorced parents decide how open they should be about disclosing information about dating partners.

Method

A convenience sample comprised 284 divorced mothers and 117 divorced fathers recruited following a state‐mandated divorce education program. Participants completed an online survey. Data were analyzed with regression analyses.

Results

When parents perceive the dating partner as a benefit in coparenting their children, they are more likely to think that dating partners should be introduced earlier to children and that more information about dating relationships should be shared with children. Concerns about other's perceptions were related to later introductions between dating partners and children.

Conclusion

Some of the divorced parents' perceptions of possible dating benefits and risks are related to introducing a new partner and sharing dating information with children.

Implications

Family practitioners could help divorced parents evaluate both how to approach introduction of dating parents, as well as dating partners' potential to assist them in childrearing if the relationship becomes serious or long term. More research is needed on what goes into parental decisions to disclose information about dating to children.
The effect of 19 years of restoration managements on forage quality and herbage‐soil relationships within improved upland grassland
Authors: Kajzrová Klára , Kassahun Teowdroes , Pavlů Lenka , Pavlů Vilém V. , Fraser Mariecia D.
Published: July 2022

Restoration managements based on extensification strategies are commonly used to improve biodiversity on formerly improved grasslands. In this study the long‐term effects of six different restoration management regimes (extensive sheep grazing only, hay cutting only, hay cutting followed by aftermath extensive grazing; each with and without lime application) on forage quality, and soil/herbage/sward characteristics relationships were determined and compared with a conventionally fertilized, limed and extensively grazed control.

Restoration managements incorporating cutting resulted in higher forage quality than forage from grazed‐only treatments; the latter featuring only a few forb species and large proportion of ungrazed matured grasses plus dead biomass. Concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and K in the herbage were negatively correlated with cover of forbs and total number of plant species, whereas in vitro organic matter digestibility, and concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrates, Ca, Mg, and Na were correlated positively. In contrast, concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Na were negatively correlated with the total cover of graminoids and dry matter standing biomass. Regardless of management treatment the forage was generally suitable only for sheep or beef cattle feeding. A positive relationship between P and K concentration in the soil and in the herbage was recorded. No effect of previous liming on forage quality was found. Overall, this study found introducing long‐term restoration managements to support biodiversity by postponing the timing of the first defoliation by cutting to mid growing season did not deteriorate forage quality in comparison with continual extensive sheep grazing in improved upland grassland.
Downregulation of hsa‐miR‐548d‐3p and overexpression of HOXA9 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients and the risk of R‐CHOP chemotherapy resistance and disease progression
Authors: Ting Choo‐Yuen , Tan Soo‐Yong , Gan Gin‐Gin , Zain Shamsul‐Mohd , Pung Yuh‐Fen , Ong Diana Bee‐Lan , Bee Ping‐Chong
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Routine categorization of DLBCL patients into GCB and non‐GCB groups by Hans' criteria could not accurately predict chemotherapy resistance and disease progression in patients treated with standard R‐CHOP therapy. There is a need to identify better biomarker predictors to enhance assisted selection of chemotherapy regimens for DLBCL patients.

Aim of the study

To identify dysregulated miRNAs and mRNAs that are predictive of resistance to R‐CHOP chemotherapy or disease progression in patients with DLBCL.

Methods

miRNA and mRNA profiling were performed on archival FFPE samples of the DLBCL patients. miRabel and miRNet bioinformatic tools were applied to determine experimental validated miRNA‐mRNA target interaction. The significance of the genomic predictive values was assessed using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

19/36 were R‐CHOP therapy‐resistant whilst 17/36 were R‐CHOP therapy‐sensitive. Ten dysregulated miRNAs and 12 dysregulated mRNAs were identified in therapy‐resistant DLBCL patients. These dysregulated miRNAs and mRNA cause therapy resistance and disease progression in DLBCL patients, most likely via upregulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein bcl2, activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and dysregulation of p53 pathway. Downregulation of hsa‐miR‐548d‐3p and overexpression of HOXA9 mRNA were significantly associated with therapy resistance and disease progression in DLBCL patients [hsa‐miR‐548d‐3p AOR: 0.258, 95%CI: 0.097–0.684, p = 0.006].

Conclusion

DLBCL patients with downregulation of hsa‐miR‐548d‐3p and overexpression of HOXA9 mRNA are more likely to experience R‐CHOP therapy resistance and disease progression.
Cuticle protein gene LmCP8 is involved in the structural development of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Su Yazhi , Shao Ti , Fan Zhiyan , Cao Lili , Liu Weimin , Zhang Jianzhen
Published: July 2022

The ovipositor comprises the external genitalia of female insects, which plays an important role in the mating and ovipositing process of insects. However, it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in the ovipositor during structural development. Here, we analysed the basic structure and characteristics of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. RNA‐seq analysis revealed the specialization of chitin metabolism, lipids synthesis and transport, tanning and cuticular protein genes in the ovipositor. Among them, two cuticle protein genes, LmCP8 and LmACP79, were identified, which are specifically expressed in the ovipositor. Functional analysis based on RNA interference showed that deficiency of LmCP8 affected the structural development of the ovipositor resulting in the retention of a large number of remaining unproduced oocysts in the ovary of the locusts. Our results provide a fundamental resource to investigate the structural development and physiological function of the ovipositor in L. migratoria.
Supplier selection and contract enforcement: Evidence from performance bonding
Authors: Giuffrida Leonardo M. , Rovigatti Gabriele
Published: July 2022

We analyze an important but little‐studied institution for balancing supply risk in the management of procurement operations: performance bonding. By adding the surety as a third party that guarantees contract fulfillment between supplier and buyer, performance bonding aims to streamline the purchasing process by influencing both contractor selection in the bidding phase and contract enforcement during project execution. Using the data on US government procurement from 2005 to 2015 and exploiting an exogenous variation in the threshold for its application to construction contracts, we find that performance bonding improves contract outcomes by 10.5% and 3.7% in terms of delays and extra costs, respectively. Net of bond premia, which by law are included in the award amounts, this effect translates into savings of about 4% in the budget for federal construction projects and 16% for mid‐size projects. We provide suggestive evidence on the effectiveness of selection and monitoring by sureties as driving channels.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the relationship between farm management, water quality and pathogen outbreaks in tilapia culture
Authors: Paredes‐Trujillo Amelia , Mendoza‐Carranza Manuel
Published: July 2022

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of on farm management and water quality as risk factors triggering pathogen outbreaks in tilapia culture is presented. A total of 121 papers from 28 countries, 37 devoted to management and 84 to water quality associated with the presence of pathogens in tilapia culture were analysed. Most of research has been made on ponds, focusing on bacteria and metazoans. Meta‐analysis reveals the proportion of research showing statistical inferences between management (34%), water quality (38% for bacteria and 16.2% for metazoans) and pathogen outbreaks. The most cited parameters related to pathogens outbreaks were temperature (>30°C), dissolved oxygen (<5.0 mg/L), pH (<8.0) and ammonia (1.0 >mg/L) 65, 38, 32 and 34 papers, respectively. However, statistical inference was <20%. Meta‐analysis reveals tendencies between high temperatures (30–35°C), low dissolved oxygen (<5 mg/L) and high NH3(1–5 mg/L) with pathogen outbreaks. Despite the knowledge about the relationship between management and water quality as factors for pathogen effects, most information is descriptive and empirical. Future research on tilapia culture outbreaks should be focused on the effects of multiple stressors affecting tilapia pathogen outbreaks, thereby generating strategies to prevent diseases and financial losses.
Developing the Quality in Nutrition Care Model for Dietitians (QUINCE‐MOD) in primary care: A mixed‐method survey of healthcare consumers and professionals
Authors: Kirkegaard Amy , Mitchell Lana , Ball Lauren , Williams Lauren T.
Published: July 2022

Background

Evidence‐based models are effective tools for informing quality improvement activities in health care. The Quality in Nutrition Care (QUINCE) model is an evidence‐based model that describes quality nutrition care in the primary care setting but has not been applied to primary care dietetics. The present study comprised two phases. In the first phase, the study aimed to evaluate and compare healthcare consumers and professional perspectives on the importance of the 10 statements to understand their relevance for dietetics care. In the second phase, the study aimed to test and enhance the QUINCE model using healthcare consumer and professional responses to statements that were identified as relevant to primary care dietetics in the first phase.

Methods

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using an online survey comprising statements describing quality dietetic care adapted from the complexity literature. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis to investigate statement importance as rated by participants using a six‐point Likert scale. Qualitative content analysis was performed on the qualitative data using a deductive‐inductive approach to identify patterns in the data. The QUINCE model was compared with identified patterns and modified as appropriate.

Results

One hundred and fourteen consumers and 107 primary care professionals agreed on the importance of seven statements but expressed divergent views on the remaining three statements that addressed: (1) access to medical records; (2) access to performance and safety information; and (3) variation in care between dietitians. The QUINCE model was modified to produce the Quality in Nutrition Care Model for Dietitians (QUINCE‐MOD) describing quality dietetic care in the primary care setting.

Conclusions

Consumers and professionals share views on some aspects of quality dietetic care but diverge on other aspects. The QUINCE‐MOD is an evidence‐based, complexity‐informed model that describes components of quality relevant to primary care dietetics. The model should be applied at the practice level to reflect the unique perspective of quality at that level.
Microbiological quality of hospital‐prepared blenderised tube feeding
Authors: Adibi Shiva , Afshari Asma , Norouzy Abdolreza , Nematy Mohsen , Ehsani Ali , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Background

Contaminated blenderised tube feeding (BTF) causes numerous infections in patients with deficient immune systems. The microbial quality of BTF should be thoroughly monitored to reduce the risks of microbial agents and prevent food safety problems such as food poisoning and food‐borne illnesses. The aim of this study was to survey the contamination rate of BTF samples prepared in the teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran.

Methods

This study was conducted on 24 samples of BTF prepared in four teaching hospitals in Mashhad city; the samples were collected randomly. Then specific culture media were used for detected and counted Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, coliforms and Escherichia coli. The final confirmation of the isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The total bacterial count was determined in the BTF samples and compared with the Food and Drug Administration medical food standards; 91.6% of the samples had 5.2 ± 0.1 log CFU/ml microbial bacterial contamination considering the standard range. The mean prevalence of contamination in these samples was measured for coliforms 4.9 ± 0.17 log CFU/ml, B. cereus 3.6 ± 0.16 log CFU/ml, S. aureus 3.7 ± 0.15 log CFU/ml and C. perfringens 4.7 ± 0.08 log CFU/ml (p < 0.05). Moreover, E. coli 11 (45.8%), Salmonella spp. 9 (37.5%) and L. monocytogenes 17 (70.8%) samples were detected.

Conclusion

Given the high consumption of BTF and the transmission of food contamination to hospitalised patients, it is essential to improve the hygienic conditions at the site of BTF preparation to prevent re‐contamination.
Illuminating associations between parenting and deleterious neighborhood characteristics via exhaustive modeling
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Thaler Daniel , Shewark Elizabeth A. , Pearson Amber L. , Anaya Carolina , Tomlinson Rachel C. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Klump Kelly L. , Lonstein Joseph S.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Our goal was to illuminate associations between specific characteristics of under‐resourced neighborhoods (i.e., socioeconomic deprivation, danger) and specific aspects of parenting (e.g., parental praise, parental nurturance, harsh parenting, and parental control).

Background

Prior work has highlighted associations between level of neighborhood disadvantage and the parenting of its residents. However, this work has yet to clarify the specific characteristics of the neighborhood or the types of parenting involved.

Method

Exhaustive modeling analyses were conducted in a sample of 1030 families of twins (average age 8 years; 51% male, 49% female; the racial composition was 82% White, 10% Black, 1% Asian, 1% Indigenous, 6% multiracial) from the Twin Study of Behavioral and Emotional Development in Children. Neighborhood and parenting were assessed using multiple informants and assessment strategies (neighborhood informants, family informants, administrative data, and videotaped parent–child interactions).

Results

Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (i.e., limited institutional and economic structural resources) demonstrated small but consistent negative associations with positive parenting behaviors and maternal control, but not with negative parenting behaviors. Neighborhood danger (i.e., recorded crime, fear of crime, exposure to community violence), by contrast, demonstrated weaker associations with parenting that dissipated once we controlled for overlap with socioeconomic deprivation.

Conclusion

Danger and socioeconomic deprivation do not function as interchangeable characteristics of under‐resourced neighborhoods, at least in terms of their association with positive parenting. Future studies should identify the specific mechanisms through which neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with less nurturing parenting.
SPP1 as a key gene in the lymph node metastasis and a potential predictor of poor prognosis in head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Feng Shunli , Yuan Wubin , Sun Zhen , Guo Xiaopeng , Ling Junjun , Chang Aoshuang , Zhao Houyu , Zhuo Xianlu
Published: July 2022

Background

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important cause leading to recurrence and development of head and neck carcinoma (HNC), with the precise mechanisms unclear. Thus, we aimed to identify the key genes involved in LNM and further evaluate their expressions and roles.

Methods

A cohort of HNC in the TCGA was analyzed. The study involved three phases (one screening and two validation phases). First, the differentially expressed genes regarding LNM were screened, from which a key gene was identified by a series of data mining approaches. Then, the expressions and roles of the key gene were validated in HNC through bioinformatics. Afterward, the expression of the key gene was detected by qPCR, western blot, and Immunohistochemistry based on a cell model and a tissue microarray. Further, colony formation and transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the roles of the key gene.

Results

SPP1 was overexpressed in HNC tissues and was identified as the key gene. Overexpression of SPP1 in HNC was correlated with advanced pathological stages and T‐stage, as well as the presence of LNM, which predicted poor prognosis. The expression of SPP1 was closely associated with the infiltration of immune cells in HNC, especially M2 macrophages. Lab experiments confirmed that SPP1 silence in HNC cells resulted in weakened invasive and metastatic abilities.

Conclusion

This study reveals that SPP1 may be a key gene associated with LNM in HNC, raising the possibility of SPP1 as a target for HNC prevention and treatment.
Demographic, physiological and genetic factors linked to the poleward range expansion of the snail Nerita yoldii along the shoreline of China
Authors: Wang Jie , Cheng Zhi‐Yuan , Dong Yun‐Wei
Published: July 2022

Species range shift is one of the most significant consequences of climate change in the Anthropocene. A comprehensive study, including demographic, physiological and genetic factors linked to poleward range expansion, is crucial for understanding how the expanding population occupies the new habitat. In the present study, we investigated the demographic, physiological and genetic features of the intertidal gastropod Nerita yoldii, which has extended its northern limit by ~200 km over the former biogeographical break of the Yangtze River Estuary in recent decades. Data from neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed that the new marginal populations formed a distinct cluster established by a few founders. Demographic modelling analysis revealed that the new marginal populations experienced a strong genetic bottleneck followed by recent demographic expansion. Successful expansion that overcame the founder effect might be attributed to its high capacity for rapid population growth and multiple introductions. According to the non‐neutral SNPs under diversifying selection, there were high levels of heterozygosity in the new marginal populations, which might be beneficial for adapting to the novel thermal conditions. The common garden experiment showed that the new marginal populations have evolved divergent transcriptomic and physiological responses to heat stress, allowing them to occupy and survive in the novel environment. Lower transcriptional plasticity was observed in the new marginal populations. These results suggest a new biogeographical pattern of N. yoldii has formed with the occurrence of demographic, physiological and genetic changes, and emphasize the roles of adaptation of marginal populations during range expansion.
A new cocktail formula with diprospan of local infiltration analgesia in primary total hip arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized, controlled, observer‐blinded study
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yang , Xiao Qiang , Luo Zhen‐Yu , Pei Fu‐Xing , Wang Duan , Zhou Zong‐Ke
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aimed to observe the analgesic effect of the cocktail formulation with diprospan during total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

From September 2018 to April 2019, 120 patients undergoing primary unilateral THA were included in this prospective, randomized, observer‐blinded study. Patients were randomized into three groups, according to the different local infiltration analgesia (LIA) strategies: LIA with ropivacaine (the ropivacaine group, n = 40), LIA with a new cocktail containing ropivacaine, diprospan, and morphine (the cocktail group, n = 40), and the control group (n = 40). The primary outcomes included postoperative pain scores. The resting visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were measured at 2, 6, and 12 h after the surgery (a.m. and p.m.) on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD2, and the day of discharge. Movement VAS scores were assessed at 6 h, 12 h after the operation (a.m. and p.m.) on POD1, POD2, and the day of discharge. The secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, postoperative hospital stay, range of motion of the hip at discharge, patient satisfaction, and the results of the follow‐up.

Results

After the screening, 120 patients were randomized into three groups (40 patients in each group). All of the patients completed the trial. The resting VAS scores in the ropivacaine group and cocktail group at 2 h were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively, F = 17.054), and the same trend was also postoperatively found at 6 h (p = 0.005 and P = 0.002, F = 6.212). Twelve hours after the operation, the pain score in the cocktail group was lower than that in the other two groups, but only the difference between the cocktail group and the control group was statistically significant (P = 0.018, F = 3.144). From the morning of the first postoperative day to the a.m. on POD 2, the VAS scores in the cocktail group were significantly lower than those in the ropivacaine group and the control group. Furthermore, the movement VAS scores in the ropivacaine group and the cocktail group were better than those in the control group at 6 and 12 h post‐operation (P < 0.05). The per capita opioid consumption in the cocktail group was less than that in the ropivacaine group and the control group within 24 h post‐operation. There were no significant differences in the comparison of additional indicators among the three groups.

Conclusion

The new cocktail with diprospan had a better result and longer duration time for early postoperative pain control in primary THA via the posterolateral approach under general anesthesia, especially for treating resting pain.
Unexpected large device related thrombus at 12 months follow‐up after left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Urbanek Lukas , Chen Shaojie , Bordignon Stefano , Tohoku Shota , Bologna Fabrizio , Schulte‐Hahn Britta , Chun KR Julian , Schmidt Boris
Published: July 2022

An 89‐year‐old woman underwent left atrial appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) in our hospital because of recurrent gastrointestinal bleedings. The first transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) follow‐up at six weeks revealed a complete sealing of the LAA and no device related thrombus. In a TEE follow‐up at one year after the LAA closure, a large device related thrombus (6 × 3 cm) was found. Treated with oral anticoagulation (apixaban) the thrombus showed a partial resolution one year later.
Image analysis systems to calculate the surface area of vitiligo lesions: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: van Geel Nanja , Saeys Imke , Van Causenbroeck Jérôme , Duponselle Jolien , Grine Lynda , Pauwels Nele , Hilhorst Niels , Herbelet Sandrine , Ezzedine Khaled , Speeckaert Reinhart
Published: July 2022

Several digital image analysis systems have been developed for surface calculation of vitiligo lesions. Critical assessment of their measurement properties is crucial to support evidence‐based recommendations on the most suitable instruments and will reveal the need for future research. A systematic review was performed to systematically summarize, compare, and critically assess the measurement properties of digital and analogue analysis systems for surface calculation of vitiligo lesions following the Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. Nineteen clinical trials were selected including 25 different instruments. Manual tracing on transparent sheets (contact planimetry) combined with digital measurement or point counting can be considered as the best validated method for the evaluation of target lesions taking into account the skin curvatures. Two‐dimensional digital imaging analysis on photographs seems also robust although confirmatory data of different research groups using the same digital instrument in a wide range of skin types are missing. Analysis based on 3D photography is still in its early stage but is promising for whole‐body analysis. However, the reported data on the quality of the instruments for surface area calculation of vitiligo lesions were in general rather limited. Therefore, future high‐quality validation studies are required also including full body evaluations.
Breathlessness: Remembering the worst of it
Authors: Holland Anne E. , Bondarenko Janet
Published: July 2022

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When income differences hurt or excite: The nonlinear effect of regional inequality on subjective wellbeing
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Colcerasa Francesco , Pisani Fabio
Published: July 2022

Combining information from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and the European Social Survey, we investigate the relationship between subjective well‐being and income inequality using regional inequality indicators and individual data. We assume that inequality aversion and perception of social mobility affect the impact of regional inequality on subjective well‐being in opposite directions. We find evidence of an inverse U‐shaped effect of inequality, where inequality starts to have a positive effect on subjective well‐being that becomes negative with a switch point before the average of the Gini index for the entire sample. The rationale for our nonlinear finding is that Hirschman's tunnel effect (and the positive effect of perceived social mobility) prevails for low levels of inequality, while inequality aversion and negative relative income effects are relatively stronger when inequality is higher. Robustness checks on different sample splits are consistent with the hypothesis of the two drivers.
Effects of dialysis modality on mortality in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A cohort study
Authors: Du Liang , Sun Heqi , Lu Jun , Chen Gang , Ye Jianming , Zhuang Ye , Gao Lanying , Xiong Yan
Published: July 2022

Methods

Using a retrospective 15‐year cohort, stratified by age, this study aimed to analyze the effect of dialysis modality on mortality of ESRD patients in a city of China. Study data were from the medical insurance information system of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province of China, and 1484 patients with ESRD, enrolled from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019 were included in this study. The primary outcome event was all‐cause mortality, which was calculated in months. Dialysis modalities included hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Survival analysis and competing‐risk regression model were performed in this study.

Results

HD costs significantly higher medical expense than the PD treatment regimen. The mean survival time was 121.28 (SE = 3.020) months for HD patients, while that was 94.68 (SE = 3.534) months for the PD. Ten‐year survival rates of the young, middle‐aged, and elderly were 0.82, 0.56, and 0.26, respectively. For the young (SHR = 0.869, 95% CI: 0.525–1.436) and middle‐aged (SHR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.484–1.057) ESRD patients, different dialysis modalities exhibited no statistical significance on the survival, but for the elderly, HD had a lower risk of mortality than PD (SHR = 0.747, 95% CI: 0.581–0.961).

Conclusion

Survival of the young and middle‐aged ESRD patients was superior to that of the elderly. Considering both survival time and direct medical costs, we recommend that PD could be a better choice for young and middle‐aged ESRD patients, while HD may be suitable for older patients.
Understanding and strengthening wildlife and zoonotic disease policy processes: A research imperative
Authors: Clark Douglas , Antwi‐Boasiako Gabriel , Brook Ryan K. , Epp Tasha , Jenkins Emily , Lambert Simon , Soos Catherine
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the urgency and importance of monitoring, managing and addressing zoonotic diseases, and the acute challenges of doing so with sufficient inter‐jurisdictional coordination in a dynamic global context. Although wildlife pathogens are well‐studied clinically and ecologically, there is very little systematic scholarship on their management or on policy implications. The current global pandemic therefore presents a unique social science research imperative: to understand how decisions are made about preventing and responding to wildlife diseases, especially zoonoses, and how those policy processes can be improved as part of early warning systems, preparedness and rapid response. To meet these challenges, we recommend intensified research efforts towards: (i) generating functional insights about wildlife and zoonotic disease policy processes, (ii) enabling social and organizational learning to mobilize those insights, (iii) understanding epistemic instability to address populist anti‐science and (iv) anticipating evolving and new zoonotic emergences, especially their human dimensions. Since policy processes for zoonoses can be acutely challenged during the early stages of an epidemic or pandemic, such insights can provide a pragmatic, empirically‐based roadmap for enhancing their robustness and efficacy, and benefiting long‐term decision‐making efforts.
Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males
Authors: Margolis Lee M. , Hatch‐McChesney Adrienne , Allen Jillian T. , DiBella Marissa N. , Carrigan Christopher T. , Murphy Nancy E. , Karl J. Philip , Gwin Jess A. , Hennigar Stephen R. , McClung James P. , Pasiakos Stefan M.
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate molecular processes governing muscle metabolism. Physical activity and energy balance influence both muscle anabolism and substrate metabolism, but whether circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs mediate those effects remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of sustained physical activity with participants in energy balance (BAL) or deficit (DEF) on circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs. Using a randomized cross‐over design, 10 recreational active healthy males (mean ± SD, 22 ± 5 years, 87 ± 11 kg) completed 72 h of high aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditures in BAL (689 ± 852 kcal/day) or DEF (−2047 ± 920 kcal/day). Blood and muscle samples were collected under rested/fasted conditions before (PRE) and immediately after 120 min load carriage exercise bout at the end (POST) of the 72 h. Trials were separated by 7 days. Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs were measured using microarray RT‐qPCR. Independent of energy status, 36 circulating miRNAs decreased (P < 0.05), while 10 miRNAs increased and three miRNAs decreased in skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) at POST compared to PRE. Of these, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐221‐3p, miR‐222‐3p and miR‐24‐3p decreased in circulation and increased in skeletal muscle. Two circulating (miR‐145‐5p and miR‐193a‐5p) and four skeletal muscle (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐372‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p and miR‐9‐5p) miRNAs had time‐by‐treatment effects (P < 0.05). These data suggest that changes in miRNA profiles are more sensitive to increased physical activity compared to energy status, and that changes in circulating miRNAs in response to high levels of daily aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNAs.

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Key points

Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA profiles are more sensitive to high levels of aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditure compared to energy status.

Changes in circulating miRNA in response to high levels of daily sustained aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNA.
El cuidado como barrera para la participación económica y productiva de mujeres en la agricultura familiar campesina.
Authors: Mora-Guerrero Gloria Miryam , Constanzo-Belmar Jorge Dagoberto , Arias-Ortega Katerin Elizabeth , Millahual-Ampuero Alejandra Daniela , Herrera-González Fernanda De los Angeles
Published: July 2022

Aunque en Chile el trabajo de las mujeres en la agricultura familiar campesina se ha incrementado, las tareas de cuidado que realizan representan una barrera para su participación productiva. Por esto, se exploró la manera en que las políticas, planes y programas de desarrollo rural actuales asumen el cuidado como un asunto relevante para la inserción económico-productiva de las mujeres campesinas. A través de una revisión bibliográfica, se muestra que las implicaciones del cuidado en términos de género no se han caracterizado en las políticas estudiadas. Se concluye que el cuidado es un tema político que puede articular estrategias intersectoriales para el desarrollo rural con equidad entre mujeres y hombres.
Representación de la lactancia, perspectiva de madres adolescentes con fondos socioeconómicos bajos
Authors: Madero Zambrano Kendy Paola , Fernandez Aragón Shirley , Del Toro Rubio Moraima , Barrios Puerta Zorayda
Published: July 2022

Introducción: lactar hace parte de un proceso innato de la vida de una mujer, no obstante, su ejercicio requiere de un apoyo activo para iniciar y mantener prácticas adecuadas. Objetivo: develar el significado de lactar desde la experiencia de un grupo de madres adolescentes. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo con enfoque hermenéutico; con una muestra por saturación de 15 participantes; se realizaron grupos focales, y se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: la población comprendía una edad entre 14 y 17 años. Al quedar embarazadas la mayoría no finalizaron su bachillerato, se evidenció un significado congruente con la bibliografía sobre la lactancia materna y sus beneficios, cuya orientación se ha dado desde las IPS y experiencias propias, evidenciando “un significado positivo”. De igual forma, se aproximó la lactancia materna como una práctica importante que involucra el rol paterno, haciendo de esto un proceso de plenitud y amor para la madre. Conclusión: la lactancia va más allá de las condiciones de edad, socioeconómicas y sociales. El significado proviene del afecto generado, resultan fundamentales las redes de apoyo durante la práctica de lactar.