bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of superheated water as a soil remediation media: a review
Authors: Ebrahim Reihaneh Mashhadi
Published: June 2021

Water is a unique solvent cause its highly hydrogen-bonded structure, and at room temperature it has a high boiling point for its mass, a high dielectric constant and high polarity. At the higher temperatures, its permittivity, viscosity and surface tension decreases, but diffusion rate increases. Superheated water is a general term to denote the region of the condensed phase between 100°C and the critical point. Liquid water at elevated temperatures above its boiling point has been used for many years as an industrial solvent and cleaning agent in applications ranging from enhancing the extraction of oil shale, the extraction of sulphur from ore bodies in the Frasch process, to degreasing. In recent years, there has been an interest in using superheated water for soil remediation. In this paper, a review on this area of application has been performed.
Intensifying agricultural crops production by means of thermal reclamation
Authors: Pinchuk Oleg , Klimov Serhii , Romaniuk Ivan , Faur Florin , Lazăr Maria , Apostu Izabela-Maria
Published: June 2021

The use of surface heating with heat exchangers significantly affects the temperature regime of the soil and the surface air layer. It is manifested in a change in the distribution of temperatures according to the soil horizon, in a considerable increase in the temperature of the soil and air, in a change of heat exchange between the soil and the surface layer of air. When using tunnel greenhouse, heating the soil with the coolant temperature of 25…30 ºC contributes to the creation of all necessary conditions in ground area equipped with a heat exchangers for shifting the vegetation period of ultra-early cultivation of agricultural crops, on average, by 1-2 months depending on the crop type. This allows for earlier sowing and planting of thermophilic crops and getting harvest earlier than usual, as well as increasing the amount of crop production and improving its quality. The thermal efficiency of soil heating with water-filled flexible sleeves was studied experimentally in a field model experiment performed in the climatic terms of the Ukrainian Polissya on sandy loam and chernozem soils. Strawberry of the “Festivalny” type was used as the main crop-indicator. The influence of soil heating with heat exchangers on the growth, development and yield of strawberries has been studied.
Zebrafish as a suitable model for studying the mode of action and harmfulness of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Falfushynska Halina , Bodnar Oksana , Khatib Ihab , Kovalska Halyna , Hulyk Serhiy
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present work was to investigate the response of zebrafish to the effects of widely-used organophosphates roundup and chlorpyrifos and putative effectiveness of chlorella in terms of decreasing pesticides toxicity. Studied organophosphate pesticide roundup and chlorpyrifos in ecologically relevant concentrations, both individually and in a mixture, evoked the prominent suppression of catalase and total antioxidant capacity in the liver of Danio rerio which were consistent with higher levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA strand break. Also, both roundup and chlorpyrifos provoked endocrine disorders registered as induction of vitellogenin and depletion of triiodothyronine as well as neurotoxicity appeared as inhibition of acetylcholinesterase after individual action or activation after combined action. The rate of apoptosis observed by caspase 3 activity was decreased, but in different manner depends on the exposure. The potency of toxicity followed the order: roundup > chlorpyrifos > roundup + chlorpyrifos (due to some kind of antagonistic action between chlorpyrifos and roundup in the binary mixture). Based on the results of CART analysis triiodothyronine, TBARS and caspase 3 were determined as the most significant indices for discrimination of the studied groups. The introduction of Chlorella vulgaris in the amount of about 100 thousand cells L-1 into the environment did not show a significant bioremediation effect on the harmful effect of studied pesticides for Danio rerio, which does not exclude the positive impact of algae on the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole and requires further comprehensive research.
Trade and economic relations between Georgia and the Czech Republic: challenges in export and import of agri-food products
Authors: Gechbaia Badri , Kharaishvili Eteri , Zviadadze Ekaterine , Mushkudiani Zurab , Tsilosani Amiran
Published: June 2021

The article evaluates the importance of trade and economic relations between countries in economic growth. At a time of globalization has been identified the existing problems of the international division of labor for Georgia. Substantiated that the development of trade and economic relations is an important challenge in the condition of a low level of food provision for the population of Georgia. From this perspective, it is relevant to analyse the export-import of agriproducts with those European countries that have similar resource potential, geographic proximity, socio-economic and political characteristics to Georgia, among of which is the Czech Republic. Based on the theories of international trade, in order to assess the trade and economic potential between Georgia and the Czech Republic and to determine trends of development, has been studied main indicators of the above-mentioned countries. Comparative analysis of the data showed that quantitative indexes are similar between these two countries, while the qualitative data in the Czech Republic is higher as compared to Georgia. The paper discusses the agriculture of Georgia as one of the main sources of economic growth, therefore, to increase the resource potential of the sector needs to develop foreign trade and economic relations with the agriproducts. Based on analysis of data on exportimport of agriproducts between Georgia and the Czech Republic, has been concluded that the trade balance between the countries is variable and trade and economic relations are at the development stage. The main challenge in agriproduct trade between the countries is a low level of import-export diversification of agriproducts. At the same time, it is substantiated, that the cooperation with the Czech Republic perspective for Georgia not only in trade but also in the sphere of investments and modern technologies. The article argues the need for an optimal ratio of exports and imports in the development of trade and economic relations. Through the empirical studies the current challenges of export and import of agri-food products between Georgia and the Czech Republic have been identified; export-import ratios have been analysed by product type; and the ways to improve trade and economic cooperation between the two countries have been outlined. Promising areas of economic relations and export-import between Georgia and the Czech Republic have been developed.
Ecological analysis of the flora of the Kremenets Mountains National Nature Park (on the example of the mountains Divochi Skeli, Strakhova, Masliatyn, Chercha, Zamkova, Bozha)
Authors: Lisova Nataliia , Syvyj Myroslav , Volik Olena
Published: June 2021

One of the elements that ensure the sustainability of the environment is the vegetation cover. The vegetation cover contributes to the balanced functioning of ecosystems. It is the national parks rich in phytodiversity that attract the attention of scientists. The article presents an ecological analysis of the flora of the Kremenets Mountains National Park. The research was carried out in the areas of the mountains Divochi Skeli, Strakhova, Masliatyn, Chercha, Zamkova, Bozha. 10 florocoenotypes were identified in the study areas. The most numerous is the nemoral forest coenotype. The flora was analyzed for abiotic factors such as light, temperature, humidity, soil. It is these indicators that have an important impact on the formation of vegetation cover and the life processes of plants. It was found that facultative heliophytes, mesothermal plants, mesophytes, and mesotrophs predominate in the study areas. The vegetation cover has clear forest-steppe features. The classification of life forms of plants is given. Relicts and endemics are confined to steppe and calcepetrophilic areas. Flora synanthropization is observed on the study areas.
Pedagogical possibilities of tourist and local history activities
Authors: Demeuov Аrman , Mazbayev Ordenbek , Aukenova Gulbanu , Kholoshyn Ihor , Varfolomyeyeva Iryna
Published: June 2021

In the new socio-economic conditions in the education system, forms of organization of tourist and local history activities are developing, which are based on traditions, experience of extracurricular and extracurricular work, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country. Life requires that the tasks facing educational institutions are resolved quickly and have not just any solution, but one that optimizes the pedagogical process. At the same time, these requirements come into conflict with the state of the education system, the limited ability of most parents to create conditions for the full development of the child. The tasks facing the education system can be implemented in tourism and local history activities. The main task is to create the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, his social adaptation in the process of participation in various types of tourist and local history activities. However, the school teacher is not ready to organize and conduct tourist and local history activities at school, as he is not professionally prepared for this activity. Questions of the organization, forms and methods of teacher training for the organization of tourist and local history activities are practically not reflected in the educational and methodological literature. There are no scientific studies that would allow us to effectively solve the pedagogical tasks of preparing the organizers of tourist and local history activities in the school.
Inventory models with integrated time dependent demands for deteriorating items – in third and fourth order equations
Authors: Sivashankari C.K. , Ramachandran Lalitha
Published: July 2021

Inventory models with integrated time-dependent demands for deteriorative items are considered in this study. The demand models found in the literature include constant, linear, quadratic, exponential, price dependent, and stock dependent among others. To wit, no study exists that uses integrated time-dependent demands. Three models are developed: The first model uses continuously compounded demands, the second model uses linear demands integrated with continuously compounded demands, and the third model uses quadratic demands integrated with continuously compounded demands. Mathematical models are delineated for each model and relevant examples are provided to elucidate the proposed procedure. The objective herein is to obtain optimum order quantities and order intervals concerning the overall cost. Sensitivity analysis is provided for each of the three models. The necessary data was generated using Visual Basic 6.0.
Shōnishin bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Wernicke Thomas
Published: July 2021

Seit der Einführung der Akupunktur aus China nach Japan werden Kinder auch in Japan mit Akupunktur behandelt – daher der japanische Begriff Shōnishin (shōni = Kind; shin = Nadel/ Nadelung). Zu Beginn des 20. Jh. veränderte sich die Behandlungstechnik: Die einst invasive, stechende Akupunktur entwickelte sich zu einer sanften, nicht-invasiven Behandlungsmethode. Keine 100 Jahre später erfuhr Shōnishin eine nochmalige Weiterentwicklung und eröffnete durch die Verbindung der sino-japanischen Medizintradition mit dem heutigen Wissensstand der Entwicklungsphysiologie neue Behandlungsstrategien.
Do miRNAs Have a Role in Platelet Function Regulation?
Authors: Garcia A. , Dunoyer-Geindre Sylvie , Fontana P.
Published: June 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs known to repress mRNA translation and subsequent protein production. miRNAs are predicted to modulate many targets and are involved in regulating various cellular processes. Identifying their role in cell function regulation may allow circulating miRNAs to be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers of various diseases. Increasing numbers of clinical studies have shown associations between circulating miRNA levels and platelet reactivity or the recurrence of cardiovascular events. However, these studies differed regarding population selection, sample types used, miRNA quantification procedures, and platelet function assays. Furthermore, they often lacked functional validation of the miRNA identified in such studies. The latter step is essential to identifying causal relationships and understanding if and how miRNAs regulate platelet function. This review describes recent advances in translational research dedicated to identifying miRNAs' roles in platelet function regulation.
Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Rohner Markus , Heiz Robert , Feldhaus Simon , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: June 2021

Insulin resistance is the hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes and is still an unmet medical need. Insulin resistance lies at the crossroads of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, weight loss and exercise resistance, heart disease, stroke, depression, and brain health. Insulin resistance is purely nutrition related, with a typical molecular disease food intake pattern. The insulin resistant state is accessible by TyG as the appropriate surrogate marker, which is found to lead the personalized molecular hepatic nutrition system for highly efficient insulin resistance remission. Treating insulin resistance with a molecular nutrition-centered approach shifts the treatment paradigm of Type 2 Diabetes from management to cure. This allows remission within five months, with a high efficiency rate of 85%. With molecular intermittent fasting a very efficient treatment for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome is possible, improving the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) state and enabling the body to lose weight in a sustainable manner.
Pre-Endoscopy Drink of Simethicone and N-Acetylcysteine Significantly Improves Visualization in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Anikhindi Shrihari Anil , Kumar Ashish , Uedo Noriya , Singla Vikas , Anikhindi Akshay , Sharma Praveen , Bansal Naresh , Ranjan Piyush , Kumar Mandhir , Sachdeva Munish , Khare Shivam , Arora Anil
Published: June 2021

Introduction With the advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE), clear mucosal visualization is essential to ensure optimal outcomes. Though routinely followed in Japan and Korea, pre-endoscopic preparation is seldom used in India. We evaluated the efficacy of a pre-endoscopic drink of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and simethicone in improving mucosal visibility during UGIE.

Patients and Methods This study was a retrospective, investigator blind study with a case–control study design. Cases included patients who received a pre-endoscopy drink of NAC and simethicone in 100 mL water administered 10 to 30 minutes prior to UGIE. Controls only had mandatory fasting for 6 to 8 hours prior to UGIE. Propensity score matching was done to ensure comparability between the groups. Digital images were taken at six standard landmarks during UGIE and stored. A blinded investigator subsequently analyzed the images and rated the mucosal visibility on a 3-point scale. The difference in the mean mucosal visibility between the cases and controls was compared.

Results Mean mucosal visibility during UGIE was significantly better using NAC with simethicone as compared with no preparation at esophagus (1.14 [0.37] vs. 1.47 [0.62], p < 0.05), gastric fundus (1.10 [0.30] vs. 1.55 [0.64], p < 0.05), gastric body (1.22 [0.50] vs. 1.62 [0.73], p < 0.05), gastric antrum (1.13 [0.37] vs. 1.47 [0.62], p < 0.05), and duodenal bulb (1.13 [0.34] vs. 1.33 [0.56], p < 0.05). In distal duodenum, though visibility improved with NAC with simethicone, the difference was insignificant. There were no adverse events related to the pre-endoscopy drink.

Conclusion A pre-endoscopy drink of NAC with simethicone can significantly improve mucosal visibility during UGIE. It is safe, cheap, easily available and maybe considered for routine utilization for ensuring optimal endoscopic outcomes.
Prostatic Artery Embolization: An Alternative Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Pike James F. , Abel William F. , Seckel Tyler B. , Schammel Christine M.G. , Flanagan William , Devane A. Michael
Published: June 2021

Purpose Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative for patients with prostates >80 mL and has demonstrated lower morbidity rates. We sought to evaluate PAE at a single tertiary medical center. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent PAE was completed. Demographic, clinicopathologic, procedure, and outcome data were collected to include international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) assessments. Results The pre-PAE mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 8.4 ng/mL, mean prostate volume was 146.9 mL (9% >200 mL), and mean postvoid residual (PVR) was 208.2 mL (21.9% 200–300 mL). IPSS mean was 19.8 and QoL was “mostly dissatisfied.” Following PAE, mean PSA was reduced by 3.2 ng/mL (38.1%, p = 0.3014), the mean prostate volume reduction was 59.2 mL (40.3%, n = 19, p < 0.0001), and the average PVR reduction was 150.3 mL (72.2%, n = 27, p = 0.0002). Average IPSS score was also lower (11.9; 60.1%, n = 25, p < 0.0001) and QoL was reduced to “mostly satisfied” (p < 0.0001). Technical success was 100% with 24% minor morbidities. Conclusion PAE is a successful treatment for patients with BPH resulting in large prostates that are not good candidates for simple prostatectomy, providing optimal care with less operative and postoperative complications.
Simple Video-Based Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis Is Not Better than Subjective Visual Assessment of Lameness in Dogs
Authors: Møller Julie H. , Vitger Anne D. , Poulsen Helle H. , Miles James E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction Visual gait analysis is prone to subjectivity, but objective analysis systems are not widely available to clinicians. Simple video analysis using high-definition recordings might enable identification of temporal or spatial variations that could permit objective and repeatable assessments of lameness in general practice.

Methods Cohorts of normal and mildly to moderately lame dogs were filmed using a standardized protocol. Using freely available software, measurements of stance, swing and stride time were obtained, along with measurements of pelvic, shoulder, and head height for each limb. Symmetry ratios were calculated, and distributions of normal and lame dogs compared using Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results Recordings from 35 normal dogs were assessed along with 30 dogs with grade 1 to 3/5 lameness. While no consistent significant differences in temporal characteristics could be found, head height asymmetry was significantly different between lame and normal dogs (p = 0.003), with pairwise comparison showing this difference was restricted to forelimb-lame dogs (p = 0.03).

Conclusion While potentially useful for patient records, use of video recordings at walking speeds for simple spatiotemporal gait analysis does not appear to offer clinically significant advantages over visual gait analysis in a typical clinical population of lame dogs.
Sommer-oder Winterlinde?
Authors: Beiser Rudi
Published: June 2021

Schon im Mittelalter wurden Zubereitungen aus Pflanzenteilen der Linde gegen Durchfall, Brandwunden und Geschwüre eingesetzt. Heute verwendet man vor allem ihre Blüten bei Erkältungskrankheiten und Unruhe. Linden eignen sich aber nicht nur für medizinische Zwecke. Schon in der Steinzeit wurde Lindenbast genutzt, um Textilien herzustellen. Die Blätter, Blüten und Samen des Baumes sind außerdem eine Bereicherung für die Küche.
Reizhusten mit Lindenblüten
Authors: Beiser Rudi
Published: June 2021

Ob als Heilmittel oder kulinarisch, die schmackhaften Lindenblüten lassen sich einzeln und auch mit anderen Pflanzen zusammen genießen.
Nicht ohne fremde Hilfe
Authors: Vigl Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Viele Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe wirken ohne weitere Umwege schon kurz, nachdem wir sie zu uns genommen haben, beispielsweise in einem Tee. Nicht so das Salicin, das unter anderem in der Weidenrinde enthalten ist. Es muss zunächst zwei Umwandlungsschritte durchlaufen, bevor es in unserem Körper als Salicylsäure Fieber senken, Entzündungen hemmen und Schmerzen lindern kann.
Waldapotheke für Tiere
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia
Published: June 2021

Der Wald bringt Heilsames nicht nur für Menschen hervor. Rinden, Blätter, Blüten und Pflanzenexkrete bieten auch zahlreiche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bei Tieren.
Oh! Tannenbaum?
Authors: Beiser Rudi
Published: June 2021

Sie haben Nadeln und grünen (meist) nicht nur zur Sommerzeit. Doch mitunter ist es nicht leicht zu erkennen, welcher Zweig und welche Nadel zu welcher Sorte Baum gehören.
Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)
Authors: Moritz Sarah
Published: June 2021

In dieser Rubrik werfen wir einen Blick auf Heilpflanzen aus anderen Kulturen, die hierzulande noch relativ unbekannt sind. Diesmal stellt Ethnobotanikerin Dr. Sarah Moritz die aus China stammende Pflanze Schisandra chinensis vor. Vielleicht wächst sie auch in Ihrem Garten?
Solid-state nanopores and nanochannels for the detection of biomolecules
Authors: Yang Hang , Qing Guangyan
Published: June 2021

Solid-state nanopores and nanochannels are a powerful detection platform for biomolecule sensing. The confined space inside the nanopores and their ability to be functionalized make these materials a uniquely advantageous detection method. Solid-state nanopores avoid the intrinsic fragility of biological nanopores and have excellent robustness and manufacturability. Improvements to the sensitivity, selectivity, controllability, and reproducibility of solid-state nanopores for detection are current areas of growth for the field. This review presents the state-of-the-art technology for solid-state nanopores and nanochannels. Fabrication protocols of various types of nanopores and nanochannels are described, including silicon nitride-based pores, polymer nanochannels, and glass nanopipettes. Moreover, we discuss the strategies for appending and functionalization that confer advanced physical and chemical properties to the solid-state nanopores. Finally, the applications and future potential for solid-state nanopores are presented, including the detection of DNA, drugs, proteins, and viruses.
Peak states of molybdenum single crystals shock compressed to high stresses
Authors: Oniyama Tomoyuki , Gupta Yogendra M. , Ravichandran Guruswami
Published: June 2021

To determine crystal anisotropy effects at high stresses, peak states behind the plastic shock waves were examined in BCC single crystals. Using plate impact experiments, molybdenum (Mo) single crystals were shock compressed up to 190 GPa elastic impact stress along [100], [110], and [111] orientations. Laser interferometry was used to measure wave velocities and particle velocity profiles at the Mo–LiF window interface. These data were analyzed to obtain in-material quantities in the peak states. The Hugoniots for [100] and [110] orientations were comparable, but the Hugoniot for the [111] orientation was different from the other two orientations. Also, these Mo single crystal Hugoniots display differences from the polycrystalline Mo Hugoniots. Although none of the differences can be considered large, the present results demonstrate that, unlike FCC metal single crystals (Cu, Al), some anisotropy is preserved in Mo single crystal Hugoniots even at high stresses.
Vector magnetometry using perfectly aligned nitrogen-vacancy center ensemble in diamond
Authors: Tsukamoto Moeta , Ogawa Kensuke , Ozawa Hayato , Iwasaki Takayuki , Hatano Mutsuko , Sasaki Kento , Kobayashi Kensuke
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate vector magnetometry using ensemble of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond that are perfectly aligned along the [111] direction. By changing the direction and strength of the reference magnetic field, we perform three-dimensional vector measurement of the Oersted field generated by the current flowing in a nearby wire. We had a formula for evaluating the magnetic field sensitivity in the direction perpendicular to the NV axis. We demonstrate that the expected sensitivity is 1.2 times higher than that of the NV ensemble isotropically oriented on four equivalent crystal axes. Our precise method is suitable for time-varying magnetic signals.
Asteroids in the inner solar system
Authors: Greenstreet Sarah
Published: June 2021

Observations and computer simulations of their orbits and interactions with planets yield insights into the asteroids’ dynamic lives.
Options for managing pesticide resistance in the redlegged earth mite (
Authors: Cheng Xuan , Umina Paul A. , Binns Matthew , Maino James , Ghodke Amol , Hoffmann Ary
Published: July 2021

Chemical strategies to manage pest populations that have evolved pesticide resistance can involve killing resistant individuals by using higher rates of the same pesticide or applying alternative pesticides for which resistance does not exist. However, the dilemma is that alternative pesticides available for many pest species are limited, while higher pesticide rates may lead to the evolution of higher resistance levels. Here, both strategies are tested in a resistant population of the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, which contained resistance against two groups of chemicals: synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates. Resistant mites were introduced into exclusion field plots, which were then treated with pyrethroid, organophosphate or alternative chemicals for 2 years at a low pressure (one spray at the registered field rate per year) or a high pressure (two sprays at the registered field rate per year). A single pyrethroid application suppressed mite numbers, but pyrethroid-resistant allele (kdr) frequencies quickly rose from ∼50% to nearly 100%. Thereafter, pyrethroid chemicals lost effectiveness. However, kdr frequencies declined across mite generations when pyrethroids were not used, regardless of other treatments. Organophosphates continued to suppress mite populations under both high and low pressures, irrespective of kdr allele frequencies, and laboratory bioassays showed no increase in organophosphate resistance levels. One of the alternative chemicals, diafenthiuron, applied once per year over two years, successfully suppressed mite numbers, whereas other treatments did not control mites. These findings demonstrate that different strategies are required to manage H. destructor with pyrethroid resistance and organophosphate resistance.
Pulmonary herniation 3 years after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy
Authors: West Jonathan , Hulett Christian , Gupta Ankur
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Pulmonary herniation is defined as protrusion of lung parenchyma through thoracic wall weakness. We present a case of a 69-year-old male who presented to a rural hospital with a 4-day history of cough, right-sided chest pain and exertional shortness of breath. His past medical history included right lung adenocarcinoma treated with right upper lobe lobectomy via video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) 3 years prior. Chest inspection revealed decreased chest wall movements on the right side with no visible chest bulge and on palpation non-tender chest bilaterally with palpable crepitus of the right anterior chest. Chest expansion was reduced on the right side associated with hyper-resonant percussion. Auscultation revealed diffuse bilateral rhonchi. A CT of the chest showed herniation of the right lung through a post-operative defect in the thoracic wall. The patient was initiated on codeine linctus for cough suppression and remained haemodynamically stable for his 3-day admission. He remained asymptomatic at his 4-week follow up with complete resolution of surgical emphysema. We could find no other case reports of VATS lobectomy where lung herniation presented years after surgery.
Eco-friendly utilization to increase income and efficiency of Banggai yam farming in the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Jumiyati S , Possumah N , Hadid A , Bachri S , Dua P
Published: June 2021

Banggai yam (Dioscorea spp) is a type of tuber plant which is endemic (local specific) as native food consumed by local communities in the Banggai Islands. Previously, Banggai yam cultivation was carried out traditionally and for household consumption needs. Currently, apart from being a source of food for family farmers, they have cultivated Banggai yam for economic purposes to increase income and meet market demand. The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the comparison of income between farmers who apply the concept of eco-friendly farming with conventional farming for economic purposes only; 2). To determine the difference between eco-friendly utilization of resources and the conventional utilization of resources for economic purposes only. Data collection was carried out by survey method using a questionnaire to 15 farmers with eco-friendly farming concepts and 15 conventional farming concepts. The analysis model used is qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is used to explain the different forms of eco-friendly utilization of resources with the conventional utilization of resources for economic purposes only. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis uses comparative analysis (t-Test) to compare the income of farmers who apply the concept of eco-friendly farming with conventional farming. The results show that there are significant differences in income which are influenced by the number of costs and production that affect the efficiency of farming. Besides, the concept of eco-friendly utilization of resources also leads to productivity reorientation to increase the optimal and sustainable income of farming.
Evaluation of cages dimension to the growth of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis
Authors: Pattipeiluhu S M , Soumokil A W , Loupatty J W , Pattipeilohy Ch E , Wamir Y
Published: June 2021

Fish growth is one of the most target in aquaculture with right method of feeding, water quality and size of cages where they were held. In this study, a 70-day research was conducted to evaluate the effect of floating net cages dimension on growth and survival of trevally Caranx ignobilis in Ambon Inner Bay of Indonesia. A total of 90 juvenile trevallies with an average weight of 17.18 ± 1.9 g was randomly stocked in six floating net cages at three different sizes as treatments in replicate groups. Fish were fed 10% of total body mass with by catch fish twice a day to satiation. Length and weight were recorded, growth performance of fish were assessed in the form of Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Survival rate (SR). The result showed there were no significant different growth rate (SGR) at different treatments (p>0,05), with the highest SR = 100% and lowest FCR = 2.9 both in treatment C. It means the best dimension of fish rare in this research was at the biggest size of cage 200 × 150 × 100 cm 3.
Analysis of prediction of sea level rise impact based on tidal gauge and altimetry satellite on land cover area of Saparua Island, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Djunarsjah E , Rahma A , Ihsan  , Nusantara C A D S
Published: June 2021

The sea level rise phenomenon can threaten the environmental, social, and economical aspect of the coastal area. Human activities and other living beings in small islands are very dependent on the resources that are available in the islands. Indonesia as the largest archipelagic state in the world that has 17,508 islands with 99,8% of them are small islands will be directly affected by the phenomenon, which is the submergence of the islands. This research aims to determine the sea level rise trend in Saparua Island using tidal data that are obtained from tide gauge and altimetry satellite. A 12-years tide gauge data and 17-years Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) value of altimetry satellite are used in the research. The monthly average in a 12-years range of tidal station data is calculated to obtain sea level rise trend, meanwhile SLA value from the altimetry satellite observation in the form of satellite footprint is interpolated to get the SLA value across the water area as the sea level rise parameter of altimetry satellite. Then, sea level rise trend will be use to predict the impact of the sea level rise based on topographical condition of Saparua Island. Using those methods, the sea level rise value will be obtained from tide gauge and altimetry satellite in a millimeter orde.
Computing 𝑝-adic L-functions of totally real fields
Authors: Lauder Alan , Vonk Jan
Published: June 2021

We describe an algorithm for computing

p
p

-adic L-functions of characters of totally real fields, using the Fourier expansions of diagonal restrictions of Hilbert modular forms.
Polynomially convex arcs in polynomially convex simple closed curves
Authors: Izzo Alexander , Stout Edgar
Published: June 2021

We prove that every polynomially convex arc is contained in a polynomially convex simple closed curve. We also establish results about polynomial hulls of arcs and curves that are locally rectifiable outside a polynomially convex subset.
Finite-time convergence of solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations
Authors: Wang Kaizhi , Yan Jun , Zhao Kai
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the long-time behavior of viscosity solutions of evolutionary contact Hamilton-Jacobi equations

w
t

+
H
(
x
,
w
,

w
x

)
=
0
,

\begin{equation*} w_t+H(x,w,w_x)=0, \end{equation*}

where

H
(
x
,
u
,
p
)

H(x,u,p)

is strictly decreasing in

u
u

and satisfies Tonelli conditions in

p
p

. We show that each viscosity solution of the ergodic contact Hamilton-Jacobi equation

H
(
x
,
u
,

u
x

)
=
0

H(x,u,u_x)=0

can be reached by many different viscosity solutions of the above evolutionary equation in a finite time.
“Toilet Paper Panic”: Uncertainty and Insecurity in Early 1970s Japan
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: June 2021

When toilet paper disappeared from store shelves across Japan in November 1973, the housewives who searched their neighborhood markets and stood in long lines for the scarce packs were described as unwitting perpetrators of a “toilet paper panic.” The word “panic” evoked well-established notions of a social frenzy, irrational and overwrought. This article overturns a conception of panic laden with condescension and adopts, instead, a more empathetic approach to examining why a run on toilet paper and other daily necessities occurred in late 1973, and why it resonated so deeply across Japan as a “panic.” In the broader context of the early 1970s, the toilet paper scare and its characterization as a “panic” can be understood as responses to sweeping and multifaceted economic challenges that destabilized daily life and threatened to upend middle-class lifestyles. After more than fifteen years of high economic growth, that sense of middle-class comfort and security was shaken by shortages and inflation as well as mounting evidence of government ineptitude and corporate profiteering. Buffeted by insecurity and uncertainty, Japanese “middle-classness” as both an experience and an ideal had never seemed as vulnerable as it did in the early 1970s.
Modulation of frequency and height of cytosolic calcium spikes by plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells
Authors: Tahjib-Ul-Arif Md , Munemasa Shintaro , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2021

Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation activates plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells, which is required for stomatal closure. However, involvement of the anion channels in the [Ca2+]cyt elevation remains unclear. We investigated the involvement using Arabidopsis thaliana anion channel mutants, slac1-4 slah3-3 and slac1-4 almt12-1. Extracellular calcium induced stomatal closure in the wild-type plants but not in the anion channel mutant plants whereas extracellular calcium induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation both in the wild-type guard cells and in the mutant guard cells. The peak height and the number of the [Ca2+]cyt spike were lower and larger in the slac1-4 slah3-3 than in the wild type and the height and the number in the slac1-4 almt12-1 were much lower and much larger than in the wild type. These results suggest that the anion channels are involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells.
PathBIX—a web server for network-based pathway annotation with adaptive null models
Authors: Castresana-Aguirre Miguel , Persson Emma , Sonnhammer Erik L L
Published: June 2021

Motivation

Pathway annotation is a vital tool for interpreting and giving meaning to experimental data in life sciences. Numerous tools exist for this task, where the most recent generation of pathway enrichment analysis tools, network-based methods, utilize biological networks to gain a richer source of information as a basis of the analysis than merely the gene content. Network-based methods use the network crosstalk between the query gene set and the genes in known pathways, and compare this to a null model of random expectation.

Results

We developed PathBIX, a novel web application for network-based pathway analysis, based on the recently published ANUBIX algorithm which has been shown to be more accurate than previous network-based methods. The PathBIX website performs pathway annotation for 21 species, and utilizes prefetched and preprocessed network data from FunCoup 5.0 networks and pathway data from three databases: KEGG, Reactome, and WikiPathways.

Availability

https://pathbix.sbc.su.se/

Contact

erik.sonnhammer@scilifelab.se

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
MHCVision: estimation of global and local false discovery rate for MHC class I peptide binding prediction
Authors: Pearngam Phorutai , Sriswasdi Sira , Pisitkun Trairak , Jones Andrew R
Published: June 2021

Motivation

MHC-peptide binding prediction has been widely used for understanding the immune response of individuals or populations, each carrying different MHC molecules as well as for the development of immunotherapeutics. The results from MHC-peptide binding prediction tools are mostly reported as a predicted binding affinity (IC50) and the percentile rank score, and global thresholds e.g. IC50 value < 500 nM or percentile rank < 2% are generally recommended for distinguishing binding peptides from non-binding peptides. However, it is difficult to evaluate statistically the probability of an individual peptide binding prediction to be true or false solely considering predicted scores. Therefore, statistics describing the overall global false discovery rate (FDR) and local FDR, also called posterior error probability (PEP) are required to give statistical context to the natively produced scores.

Result

We have developed an algorithm and code implementation, called MHCVision, for estimation of FDR and PEP values for the predicted results of MHC-peptide binding prediction from the NetMHCpan tool. MHCVision performs parameter estimation using a modified expectation maximization framework for a two-component beta mixture model, representing the distribution of true and false scores of the predicted dataset. We can then estimate the PEP of an individual peptide’s predicted score, and conversely the probability that it is true. We demonstrate that the use of global FDR and PEP estimation can provide a better trade-off between sensitivity and precision over using currently recommended thresholds from tools.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/PGB-LIV/MHCVision.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis resulting in haemoptysis: a case series
Authors: Talmor Nina , Massera Daniele , Small Adam , Ramachandran Abhinay , Argilla Michael , Staniloae Cezar S , Latson Larry A , Halpern Dan G
Published: June 2021

Background

Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is an infrequent complication of atrial fibrillation ablation that is often misdiagnosed due to predominant respiratory symptoms. It can result in pulmonary venous hypertension, with varying presentations, ranging from shortness of breath to haemoptysis.

Case summary

We report two patients with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with radiofrequency ablation and pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, who subsequently developed PVS. Case 1 initially presented with indolent symptoms of shortness of breath and cough. He was initially diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia. In contrast, Case 2 presented with massive haemoptysis, requiring intubation and intensive care unit admission. Both patients were eventually diagnosed with PVS by computed tomography. They were treated with PV angioplasty and stenting.

Discussion

While previously limited to the congenital heart disease population, PVS is occurring more frequently now in adult patients as a complication of ablation procedures. It is most effectively treated with angioplasty and stent implantation but has a high rate of recurrence.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of venous thromboembolism: a Swedish Nationwide Registry Study
Authors: Hornestam Björn , Adiels Martin , Wai Giang Kok , Hansson Per-Olof , Björck Lena , Rosengren Annika
Published: June 2021

Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with arterial thromboembolism, mainly ischaemic stroke, while venous thromboembolism (VTE) in AF is less well studied. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the relationship between AF and VTE, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Methods and results

AF cases without previous VTE, ischaemic stroke or pulmonary arterial hypertension were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Registry between 1987 and 2013 and compared to two population controls per case without AF matched for age, sex, and county with respect to the incidence of VTE, PE, and DVT. In total, 463 244 AF cases were compared to 887 336 population controls. In both men and women, VTE rates were higher among AF patients the first 30 days after an AF diagnosis [40.2 vs. 5.7 in men and 55.7 vs. 6.6 in women per 1000 person-years at risk, respectively; hazard ratios 6.64 (95% confidence interval, 5.74–7.69) and 7.56 (6.47–8.83)]; and then decreasing, simultaneously with an increasing number of AF patients being treated with oral anticoagulation. VTE risk was similar to controls after 9 months in men but remained slightly elevated in women.

Conclusion

AF is strongly associated with an increased risk of VTE during the first months after diagnosis. Introduction of anticoagulant therapy soon after AF diagnosis might reduce the risk of VTE as well as of ischaemic stroke.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: recent innovations in endoscopic assessment and treatment
Authors: Chen Sheng , Du Feng , Zhong Changqing , Liu Caifang , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Yan , Wang Gang , Gao Xiaopei , Zhang Lu , Li Lianyong , Wu Wei
Published: June 2021

Innovations in endoscopy have brought about some impressive improvements in diagnosing and treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD, as one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders in the world, has always been on the cutting edge of endoscopic interventions. A primary diagnosis of GERD is based on symptoms and an initial trial of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, which is devoid of adequately instructive value for therapeutic strategies. Endoscopy and optional biopsies can be used to directly observe and determine the abnormal structural and pathophysiological damage in the esophagus. The emergence of minimally invasive endoscopic therapy fills the gap between patients who are reluctant or insensitive to PPIs and candidates who are not indicated for surgical anti-reflux fundoplication. In this review, we discuss the utility of endoscopy and biopsy in patients with persistent GERD-related manifestations after proper medical anti-reflux treatment. Moreover, we portray a landscape of four current endoscopic GERD therapies and clarify the merits and disadvantages of each technique. Future research needs to concentrate on stratifying GERD patients based on personal conditions and elucidating the primary pathophysiology of GERD.
Integrated geological and gravity modelling to improve 3-D model harmonization—Methods and benefits for the Saxony-Anhalt/Brandenburg cross-border region (North German Basin)
Authors: Mueller Christian Olaf , Wächter Jacob , Jahnke Christoph , Pueyo Morer Emilio L , Riefstahl Florian , Malz Alexander
Published: June 2021

As 3-D geological models become more numerous and widely available, the opportunity arises to combine them into large regional compilations. One of the biggest challenges facing these compilations is the connection and alignment of individual models, especially in less explored areas or across political borders. In this regard, gravity modelling is suitable for revealing additional subsurface information that can support a harmonization of structural models. Here, we present an integrated geological and gravity modelling approach to support the harmonization process of two geological 3-D models of the North German Basin in the cross-border region between the federal states of Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. Gravity gradient calculation, filtering and Euler deconvolution are utilized to reveal new insights into the local fault system and gravity anomaly sources. The independent models are merged and harmonized during 3-D forward and inverse gravity modelling. Herein, density gradients for individual layers are incorporated in the framework of model parametrization. The resulting geological 3-D model consists of harmonized interfaces and is consistent with the observed gravity field. To demonstrate the plausibility of the derived model, we discuss the new geophysical findings on the sedimentary and crustal structures of the cross-border region in the context of the regional geological setting. The cross-border region is dominated by an NW–SE oriented fault system that coincides with the Elbe Fault System. We interpret a low-density zone within the basement of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise as a northward continuation of the Pretzsch–Prettin Crystalline Complex into the basement of the North German Basin. Additionally, we observe two types of anticlines within the basin, which we link to provinces of contrasting basement rigidity. Our gravity modelling implies that the Zechstein salt has mostly migrated into the deeper parts of the basin west of the Seyda Fault. Finally, we identify a pronounced syncline that accommodates a narrow and up to 800 m deep Cenozoic basin.
Rise in the prevalence of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in the USA, nursing homes and antibiotic prescribing in outpatient and inpatient settings
Authors: Goldstein Edward
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of resistance to extended-spectrum (ES) cephalosporins for multiple types of infections treated in US hospitals and the incidence of hospitalization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (many of which are detected in nursing home residents) have grown markedly in recent years. Here, I review these developments, as well as evidence for their adverse consequences, including the increase in the overall burden of bacterial infections due to proliferation of ESBL-producing/ES cephalosporin-resistant bacteria, the contribution of ESBL-producing/ES cephalosporin-resistant bacteria to the increase in the burden of mortality associated with bacterial infections and the contribution of the proliferation of ESBL-producing bacteria to the prevalence of carbapenem resistance. I argue that in order to mitigate the escalation of these phenomena, a reduction in outpatient prescribing of cephalosporins, especially to older adults, mitigation of transmission of ESBL-producing organisms in nursing homes and a reduction in inpatient prescribing of ES cephalosporins (which has seen a major increase in recent years) are needed.