bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of Research of Ancient Settlements and Myths, Ancient Names of the Middle Flow of Syrdarya
Authors:   Otyrar State Archaeological Museum-Reserve, Parmenkul S.Т. , Sizdikov B.S. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: April 2022

The steppes of the Syrdaria are the natural boundary between the nomadic peoples of Central Asia and the peoples involved in sedentary agriculture. Due to the large number of ancient settlements and settlements on the Syrdaria River and the dense population of the settlers in this area of Syrdaria is a natural boundary between nomadic and sedentary peoples of Central Asia. The article begins with the confluence of the Naryn and Karadaria rivers in the Fergana basin and ends with several tributaries: the Incardarya and Janadarya rivers, as well as the main tributary of the Syr-Darya, draining into the Aral Sea. Medieval cities and toponyms such as Sutkent and Bairkum were also studied and scientifically analysed. To this end, we have tried to systematically explain these cities by studying historical written and archaeological data. In the article we aimed to draw public attention to archaeological research, popularization and inclusion of the abovementioned cities in the list of tourist attractions. In addition, we decided to study the abovementioned citizens and introduce them into scientific circulation.
FEATURES OF THE FORMATİON OF MYTHİCAL AND RELİGİOUS IMAGES ABOUT THE CHARACTER OF THE ALBASTA
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, ABZHET Bakyt
Published: April 2022

The history of the origin of the character "Albasty" and the reasons for the change which is mentioned in fairy tales and mythical legends of many nation would be discussed in this article. The peculiarities of speaking in the fairy tales of many peoples are emphasized and Albasty, who was born as a holy spirit, who protects a woman giving birth and young children and on the basis of later religious beliefs, deprived of holiness, turning into negative characters in the mythical concept. Among Kazakhs, “albasties” are similar to a dog or a fox, which stealthily steal the lungs of a woman in labor, but according to the ancient mythical ideas of the Karachais and Balkars living in the Caucasus, the albastas descended from the marriage of Narts and Emegens and grew up in a pack of wolves. They, like a holy spirit, protect women in labor and young children from the devil. In general, Albasties are a common character in the Caucasus, the Volga region, Central and Central Asia, the Middle East, etc. In the folklore of these peoples, "albasties" are considered the lord of evil, spreading disease and doing evil, and he acquired his negative features in later religious beliefs, becoming a negative character found in the genre of fairy tales and legends.
VALUES THAT PROVĠDE DRAMATĠC ACTĠON ĠN KENAN HULUSĠ KORAY'S OSMANOFLAR NOVEL
Authors:   Ardahan University, ÇOPUR Gürhan
Published: April 2022

Kenan Hulusi Koray (1906-1943), a member of Yedi MeĢaleciler (which means Seven Torchbearers) community, is known for his stories with a mystical atmosphere dominated by exoticism, horror and fantastical elements. Osmanoflar, the author's only published novel, focuses on the events that took place just before the Balkan tragedy. In the novel, the causes of the tragedy experienced in the process of separating the Balkan lands, which had been under the Ottoman rule for nearly six hundred years, have been discussed. The novel, in which descriptions and character analyses are intensely included, presents a section of the life of the Osmanof family, who lived in Karnabad, Bulgaria for two centuries and were the ruler of the city. While there is an opportunity to continue as a serial as Nehir novel, the novel ends at the beginning of the event due to the spread of thematic fiction over a wide period of time. It reveals the negative effects of the revolts in the Balkans, which accelerated and resulted in a great rupture, on a Turkish family representing the state and its authority in the region. The dramatic action, which is one of the main components of the novel, is fed by the conflict elements in the fiction based on the contrasts. Dramatic action is classified as ideal value and counter value under three headings as concept, person and symbol. In this study, the novel Osmanoflar will be examined on the basis of the values that provide the plot and conflict in the novel, and the thematic fiction of the novel will be analyzed.
Effects of Poultry Manure Application on the Early Seedling Development of Treculia Africana (Breadfruit)
Authors: Chisom Iroka F. , Onyinye Mbaukwu A. , May Orji N. , Crescent Chiawa O. , Bibian Aziagba O.
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to ascertain the effects of different rates of poultry manure on early seedling development of Treculia africana. The experiment was carried out at Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka. Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the study. A total number of 18 perforated poly bags (48cm×40cm) containing 10kg of soil were laid out in the screen house in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments in 3 replicates. The levels of treatment were, 0.0g, 17g, 34g, 51g, 68g, and 85g of poultry manure per 10kg of soil which were sun-dried to conserve the nutrient properties and for easy handling, weighed properly and incorporated into the soil 2 weeks prior to sowing. Growth parameters such as changes in length, girth, leaf area and number of leaves were measured on bi-weekly bases and recorded accordingly. The physicochemical properties of the soil sample and poultry manure is shown in Table 1. The table revealed that the soil sample contained higher composition of sand than silt and clay. The poultry manure contained higher pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, potassium ion and calcium ion than the soil samples. The effect of different rates of poultry manure on percentage germination of Treculia africana was shown in Table 2. The result of the effect of different rates of poultry manure on the germination of T. africana revealed that rate of 68g/10kg gave the highest percentage germination of (85.17±0.208 %), 85g/10kg gave the highest increase in stem girth from 1.02±0.026cm in week 2. the number of leaves of T. africana indicated that the rate of 85g/10kg gave the highest increase in the number of leaves from 3.50±0.015 in weeks 2 to 5.01±0.010in weeks 8, while 85g/10kggave the highest increase in leaf area from 26.65±2.904cm2 in weeks 2 to 47.80±0.046cm2 in weeks 8. Due to the ecosystem pollutions caused by use of inorganic materials, this study has demonstrated the potential of poultry manure in enhancing the early seedling growth of T. africana in fairly low nutrient soil. There was an increase growth rate of the seedlings with increasing rates of poultry manure. All the parameters of T. africana seedling responded positively to various rate of poultry manure with the seedlings with 85g/10kg rate of the poultry giving the best performance while the control plants gave the lowest performance.
Learning Assignment and Quality of Business Studies Textbook in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Bekele Sarah Getahun , Amollo Paul Odundo , Mwangi John Kamau , Lilian Ganira Khavugwi
Published: April 2022

Properly designed business studies textbook promotes effective and independent learning through appropriate learning assignments yielding achievement of learning objectives for sustained academic results in business studies. Learning assignments in business studies textbook offers learner with opportunity to develop skills and master requisite knowledge accelerating exciting learning process paving way for lively episodes of learning in and outside classroom. However, inappropriate or amorphous questions in core textbook limits realization of specific objectives blocking knowledge construction and as a result degrading learners’ mean score in business studies. The study adopted exploratory research design through quantitative and qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. Counts, percentages, means, standard deviations, Chi square tests and content analysis were used for data analysis. Cross tabulation of results indicated that learning assignments significantly influence quality of Business studies textbook implying that appropriate learning assignment supports achievement of learning for sustained learning experience. Further analysis showed that subject goals, skill development and concept mastery influence quality of learning assignments encouraging knowledge retention and recall ability among leaners. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant learning assignments be provided in business studies textbook in order to accelerate learning across the school system.
Solo On and Off Duty: Challenges of Selected Solo Parent Employees in Call Center Companies and the Implication of Republic Act 8972
Authors: Tuazon Ralph Joseph C. , Butiu Jessa C. , Natangcop Sittie Farhannah C. , L. Lonzaga Jessa Mae , A. Lim Marie Katrina
Published: April 2022

The study aims to unravel the challenges that solo parent workers face in their workplace while simultaneously exploring their struggles beyond their career or profession. The implementation of Republic Act No. 8972, also known as the “Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000” Section 6 (Flexible Work Schedule) and Section 8 (Parental leave) were also assessed by the proponents on randomly selected BPO companies in the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to create a narrative based on the stories of solo parents and how the implementation of the stated legislation affects them. This study revealed different narratives on how solo parents face challenges, how the people around them affect them, and the instances they consider as the most challenging as a solo parent. In addressing the challenges faced by solo parent employees, it was emphasized that both companies and the government has its role to play. In the perspective of the offices concerned with the mentioned sector, implementing the legislation for solo parents will be favorable for the company because it can improve their solo parent employees’ productivity since they can exert more focus on their job. Moreover, it is conspicuous that most solo parent participants are not that knowledgeable regarding the other provisions of the law. Motions in the Congress about the amendments of the said law are mentioned as well. The study was completed with the intention to benefit solo parent workers, company’s productivity together with its human resource department that exercises the legislation’s virtue efficiently.
Digital-First and Metaverse Solutions for Museums
Authors:   Balboa Park Online Collaborative, Stimler Neal
Published: April 2022

This report is a concise guide to help cultural institutions and museums develop digital-first and metaverse solutions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report is for executive boards, leadership, funders, staff, and partners of museums. The report discusses concepts such as “digital-first”, which is the increasing prioritization of digital programming over physical programming, and the Metaverse, which combines aspects of the digital and physical worlds to interact with friends and colleagues.
RELAÇÕES COMERCIAIS E INVESTIMENTOS NO BRASIL: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE AS OPERAÇÕES PORTUÁRIAS DURANTE E PÓS-PANDEMIA
Authors: Maia de Souza Gabriela
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral pesquisar sobre as relações comerciais e investimentos nas operações portuárias durante e pós-pandemia no Brasil. Especificamente, buscou-se apresentar as relações comerciais e investimentos na infraestrutura portuária brasileira; analisar a situação do setor portuário em tempos de pandemia; e investigar os desafios para o setor portuário após a pandemia e seus investimentos. Referente à metodologia foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de revisão bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que a pandemia da Covid-19 tem causado danos nas cadeias de abastecimento desde março de 2020, proporcionando aprendizados sobre gestão de riscos para as empresas e sobre a importância do papel do Estado e o papel de peso do setor portuário ante à recuperação econômica pós-pandêmica. O transporte marítimo e os portos mostram-se decisivos na recuperação da economia global no período pós-pandêmico, mas só conseguirão esse desiderato se forem eficientes e, para isso, terão de continuar a investir em infraestrutura, transportes e tecnologia. A tendência é que o setor portuário brasileiro seja privatizado. As recentes licitações podem gerar investimentos superiores a 305 milhões de dólares, reforçando a capacidade operacional e a conectividade portuária. Faz-se mister ressaltar que, para isso, serão necessários investimentos em infraestruturas portuárias visando a recuperação da economia global pós-pandemia, uma balança comercial brasileira positiva e a projeção do Brasil como potência de destaque no setor portuário.
ESTATÍSTICA - UMA FERRAMENTA CRUCIAL NO CONTROLE DA PANDEMIA DA COVID19: A REALIDADE DOS FATOS
Authors: Ruiz Watzeck José
Published: April 2022

Com o surgimento do (SARS-COV-2), popularmente conhecido como Corona Vírus no final do ano de 2019 na província de Wuhan na China, países próximos tiveram de adotar medidas extremas. A Coréia do Sul ficou muito conhecido pela agilidade em que rastreou, quantificou e isolou cidadãos que haviam tido contato com pessoas supostamente infectadas. Mapeando e estratificando regiões, conseguiu de forma inequívoca, conter o surto que mais tarde devastaria o planeta.Com o passar do tempo, o patógeno foi descoberto no Brasil, no final do mês de fevereiro de 2020, onde um Homem vindo da Itália, traria com sigo o primeiro caso oficial registrado do país. Não demorou muito e dezenas, centenas e milhares de pessoas começaram a apresentar os sintomas da doença. As autoridades políticas e a medicina nunca se depararam com um problema desta natureza, medidas insanas foram tomadas, não haviam precedentes para se embasarem, como uma primeira resposta, fora atribuída um (lockdown), confinamento na tradução para o português, para que hospitais, médicos e enfermeiros pudessem se preparar para uma guerra, onde o inimigo era invisível, rápido e altamente transmissível. Neste caso, foi de suma importância a criação de dados estatísticos, amostragens, frequências e gráficos para um acompanhamento dos casos que subiam de forma exponencial. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa visa mostrar a importância da matemática estatística para uma resposta rápida no controle e na inoculação da doença.
Assessing the coastal vs hinterland divide by use of multitemporal data: Case study in Corinthia, Greece
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, LAGARIAS Apostolos , ZACHARAKIS1 Ioannis ,   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, STRATIGEA Anastasia ,   National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Published: April 2022

Escalating urban development in coastal zones is currently noticed in many regions around the globe, leading to unsustainable future pathways. This, among others, accounts for: land and marine ecosystems’ degradation; higher vulnerability to Climate Change impacts; and a largely uneven urban network pattern, raising issues of the ‘coastal vs mainland’ divide that hampers a balanced regional development. This holds true in the case study explored in this work, namely Regional Unit of Corinthia, Region of Peloponnese, Greece. This area, despite its natural and cultural assets and critical location as a transportation node in close proximity to Athens, displays certain spatial imbalances as to the coastal and hinterland urban expansion pattern that are linked also to developmental ones. Monitoring urban development by use of multi-temporal data for built-up areas can advocate the identification/assessment of important spatial dimensions of the aforementioned problems; and guide evidence-based policy decisions. Along these lines, this paper elaborates on the development of a methodology in response to the research question of quantifying urban development trends and assessing the “coastal vs hinterland” divide. This methodology is grounded in high-resolution multi-temporal data processing for built-up areas, provided by the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL); and the estimation of a Coastal vs Hinterland divide Index (CHI). Results highlight the criticality of coastal urban development and the need for an integrated policy, re-directing developmental impulses towards the less privileged hinterland urban constellations; while supporting endogenous development of territorial assets, in order for a more balanced and sustainable urban settlements’ model to emerge.
A Review on Security and Privacy on Computer Networks
Authors: Hardik Prabhu  , Farheen Sadia  , Fathimathul Ramzeena
Published: April 2022

The Internet of Things, an arising worldwide Internet based specialized engineering working with the trading of labour and products in worldwide production network networks affects the security and protection of the elaborate partners. Measures guaranteeing the engineering's versatility to assaults, sign access control and client protection should be laid out. A sufficient awful system should consider the hidden innovation and would best be laid out by a global lawmaker, which is enhanced by the private area as indicated by explicit requirements and accordingly turns out to be effectively customizable. The substance of the individual regulation should include denying or limiting the utilization of instruments of the Internet of Things, rules on IT-security-regulation, arrangements supporting the utilization of systems of the Internet of Things and the foundation of a team doing investigate on the lawful difficulties of the IOT.
Mathematical description of the grain cleaning process on the experimental facility
Authors: Askarov A. D. , Medvedkov E. B. , Кaiyrbayeva A. E. , Nasrullin G. Sh.
Published: April 2022

Machines with pneumatic systems are used to clean grain from light impurities and dust. Modern grain cleaning machines for preliminary cleaning from light impurities and dust with a pneumatic system do not fully meet the increasing requirements of modern agricultural production in terms of their performance. The article presents the principle of operation and a mathematical description that allows you to determine the main parameters of the installation. In this work, an analytical research method was used based on the analysis of differential equations describing the processes of cleaning grain from light impurities and dust. To develop a mathematical model, the method of constructing Lagrange mathematical models was applied. On the basis of this model, a number of equations were constructed that characterize: the transition of the potential energy of the grain mass into the kinetic energy of the grain flow; dynamic equation of the equilibrium fall of the grain flow; the volume flow rate of the air flow in the intergranular space, as well as an equation that makes it possible to determine the pressure loss in the air flow passing through the blinds and the average speed of the grains falling. Taking into account the above equations, a mathematical model is built in the form of a system of equations. This mathematical model makes it possible to determine the main design parameters of the new installation: the geometric dimensions of the working area, as well as energy costs for the grain cleaning process. The introduction of the developed installation at the receiving points of the elevators makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grain cleaning from light impurities and dust at low unit costs.
Study of the qualitative composition of combined milk
Authors: Kozhabekova G. A. , Mukhtarkhanova R. B. , Shingisov A. U.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a study of combined milk. According to the organoleptic evaluation, combinations of cow's and mare's milk were selected in the ratio of 50:50 and 80:20, according to the revealed physico-chemical indicator, a positive evaluation of the combination of 80:20 was given. When determining the combined milk in a scanning electron microscope, an improvement in the mineral composition was observed. It was found that in the composition of combined milk, the sodium content increased by 7.38%; potassium 3.41%; chlorine 15.12% compared to natural milk.
Study of the effect of UV radiation on the quality indicators of broiler chicken meat
Authors: Uazhanova R. U. , Tyutebayeva K. E.
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of a study of the quality of poultry meat after treatment with ultraviolet radiation during pre-slaughter. At the same time, bactericidal UV irradiators (UV) of 200 MJ/ 254 MJ/cm with an amalgam lamp with a bactericidal radiation power were used to disinfect the air in the poultry house during the outdoor cultivation of broiler chickens on the litter, by indirect irradiation in intermittent mode against the background of intermittent lighting mode. The results of the quality of the organoleptic parameters of the carcass, the chemical composition of the meat, the tasting evaluation of meat and broth, which do not differ from the meat of control chickens, are presented. Studies have shown that the meat of broiler chickens sterilized by UV radiation at doses of 200 MJ / media 254 MJ / cm for various storage periods up to 14 days - chilled meat meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01, which gives reason to use it for food purposes without restriction.
Rationale for the choice of material for manufacture of adaptive underclothes for disabled children
Authors: Bashirova S. A. , Kharlova O. N. , Kaldybayev R. T. , Bekzat A. B.
Published: April 2022

The article substantiates the choice of materials for designing adaptive underclothes for the most severe group of children with infantile cerebral paralysis – bed patients. As a rule, these are denied children, who, in principle, spend their lives in medical hospitals, require constant care by medical staff. Such children are in sharp need of specialized adaptive underclothes, which could significantly improve the quality of life of such children and facilitate care for them by medical staff. In many respects the quality of similar clothes depends on properly selected materials. Analysis of modern innovative materials that could have been used to create such clothes was conducted. Hygienic, physical and mechanical properties of existing knitted materials were studied according to standard methods for identifying the most suitable for similar clothes.
Influence of Annealing Atmosphere on the Morphology of Forsterite Film on the Silicon Steel Surface during Annealing
Authors: Guo Yue , Xu Pingsan , Pan Luwei , Dai Fangqin , Liu Min , Feng Yu
Published: April 2022

Forsterite on Hi-B steel surface forms by the reaction between an internal oxidized zone and MgO coating during high-temperature annealing. In this process, a large number of products degraded due to the cracking and spalling of the film. This experiment studies the influence of annealing atmosphere on the morphology evolution of oxidized zone and forsterite film. Results show the film is easy to fall off when the PO2 is low. Continuing to increase the PO2, there are unreacted silica particles remaining beneath the film. When the PO2 is very high, a thick and discontinuous film formed on the steel surface.
Relações de poder e democracia: como regular a desinformação no ecossistema das big-techs
Authors: Santin Janaína Rigo , Dai Pra Marlon
Published: April 2022

Este artigo problematiza a relação entre democracia, desinformação e relações de poder. Sabe-se que a disseminação de informações falsas em períodos eleitorais afeta diretamente o direito à informação, podendo interferir na formação da opinião pública e, consequentemente, no exercício democrático. A problemática foi observada no cenário político brasileiro, especialmente, no processo eleitoral de 2018, no qual as fake news marcaram fortemente a campanha presidencial, levando ao público uma série de valores distorcidos ao invés de propostas coesas e estratégias bem definidas. A partir desta realidade, e apoiado no método lógico-dedutivo, a pesquisa busca estudar as soluções que estão sendo propostas pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para uma maior regulação acerca do tema, de modo que as práticas de desinformação sejam gradualmente combatidas com vistas a preservar os valores democráticos.
Duodenal versus gastric feeding in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Xiangyi , Shen Liuyan , Zhou Lihui , Xiao Minyan , Zhu Xiaowen , Meng Xianlan , Xu Yan
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Enteral nutrition support is very important to improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to assess the role of duodenal versus gastric feeding in TBI patients, to provide insights into the clinical practice and nursing care.

Material and methods

We searched PubMed and other databases for RCTs on the role of duodenal versus gastric feeding in TBI patients up to Dec 15, 2021. Cochrane Collaborations risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies. The RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis, risk rate (RR) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and publication bias were evaluated by funnel plots.

Results

A total of 16 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Synthesized outcomes indicated that compared with gastric feeding, duodenal feeding is beneficial to reduce the incidence of pneumonia[RR =0.46, 95% CI (0.38, 0.57)], aspiration[RR =0.30, 95% CI (0.14, 0.63)], reflux esophagitis[RR =0.25, 95% CI (0.17, 0.38)], diarrhea [RR =0.58, 95% CI (0.44, 0.77)], abdominal distension[RR =0.41, 95% CI (0.25, 0.68)], no significant difference in the mortality[RR =0.85, 95% CI (0.50, 1.47), P=0.57] was found. Egger regression test indicated that there were no publication biases in the synthesized outcomes (all p>0.05).

Conclusions

Duodenal feeding may be superior to gastric feeding in the treatment and nursing care of TBI patients with less complications. Future studies with larger sample size and rigorous design are needed to further elucidate the effects and safety of duodenal versus gastric feeding.
Systemic sclerosis among hospitalized patients in Poland: a study based on a national hospital registry.
Authors: Bogdan Magdalena , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta , Tyszko Piotr , Goryński Paweł , Barańska Agnieszka , Samel Piotr , Kanecki Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, autoimmune disease with possible life-threatening internal organ involvement. Because of its rarity and heterogeneous clinical presentation, studies on this disease may be difficult to carry out. OBJECTIVES We sought to describe patients at first hospitalization for SSc in Poland from 2013 to 2019. The study measured SSc incidence trend, comorbidities, factors related to this disease among hospitalized patients in Poland.

Material and methods

We conducted a retrospective, population-based study using hospital discharge records compiled by the National Institute of Public Health.

Results

The study group covered 4,633 patients hospitalized with SSc diagnosis for the first time in 2013-2019. The mean and median age were 53.9 (95% CI: 53.4 – 54.3, SD: 16.6) and 57 years (IQR: 44 - 66). In the study group, female patients accounted for 81.3% of all patients, and they were significantly older than male patients (54.6 vs 50.4 years; P<0.001). The crude incidence was estimated at 1.72 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 1.67-1.77). The SSc incidence rate was significantly higher in urban than rural areas of Poland (1.83 vs 1.46 per 100,000; P<0.001). In patients with progressive systemic sclerosis in comparison to other forms of SSc we observed a significantly rare presence of selected groups of diseases.

Conclusions

Presented data on SSc in Poland may also be helpful in comparative analyses in the European context. Territorial factors may have a significant impact on the occurrence of SSc in Poland.
Discursive Styles in Teaching Algebra and Students’ Conceptual Understanding during Pandemic (Covid-19)
Authors: R. Rasid Rashida , F. Caballero Blessa Kay , E. Moleño Ruth , A. Coronado Wenceslao
Published: April 2022

This study utilized pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental designs with quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The quantitative design was used to determine whether a significant relationship existed between the independent variable (revoicing, orienting, negotiating, and concretizing mathematics discourse structure) and the dependent variable (students’ conceptual understanding). The study involves selected Grade 7 Meranaw students from MSU UTC. The grade 7 students were selected because it's the level where the foundations of junior high mathematics were introduced. The data collection was done using questionnaires, interviews, modules, observations, and online classes. This study used a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group exposed to discursive styles in teaching. The findings indicated that discursive techniques in teaching algebra were found to be significant to students' conceptual understanding and performance in mathematics. Therefore, the researcher recommends teachers assess the background of their students and use discursive styles in their teaching-learning process to help students perform better in algebra. Moreover, students should put their efforts into learning algebra. Lastly, the researcher recommends future researchers on the relation of discursive styles in teaching algebra to students' conceptual understanding.
Effect of E-Service Quality on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction on Livin' Users by Mandiri
Authors: Hariyanto Regyta Permata Fujiani , Rachmawati Indira
Published: April 2022

Banks are required to be able to transform themselves through end-to-end digital transformation to maintain their competitiveness. Therefore, it is important for banks as companies engaged in financial services to be more sensitive to technological developments. This rapid progress in finance and technology has also increased competition in the banking industry for innovation in banking services and electronic services for its customers, especially mobile banking. The results of the 2020 Top Brand Index survey show that the m-BCA product ranks as the customer's preferred mobile banking product, followed by the BRI mobile product, Mandiri's m-banking, which is still far behind in the first position of m-BCA. The two lowest mobile banking products are BNI Mobile and CIMB Niaga Mobile. The survey results indicate that there are factors that cause Livin’ by Mandiri m-banking products to be unable to compete with m-BCA and BRI Mobile products. It is suspected that the quality of Mandiri's m-Banking electronic service is a factor causing its products to be unable to compete with m-BCA products so that it can have an impact on reduced customer loyalty and can switch to using m-Banking at other banks. This study aims to determine the respondents' assessment of the variables interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, personalization, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty Livin' by Mandiri. To determine the effect of interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, and personalization on customer satisfaction, the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty. To determine the effect of interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, and personalization on loyalty to Livin' by Mandiri through satisfaction mediation. The data collection process used a questionnaire with a purposive sampling method using 385 respondents of Livin' by Mandiri customers. The data analysis technique in this study used SEM-PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of this study conclude that the level of interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, and personalization, customer satisfaction and loyalty is included in high category. Hypothesis testing shows that there is a positive and significant effect of interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, and personalization on customer satisfaction at Livin' by Mandiri. There is a positive and significant effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty to Livin' by Mandiri. There is a mediating effect of satisfaction in the relationship between interface design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, personalization and loyalty to Livin' by Mandiri.
Bulgaria and possible Euro Introduction
Authors: K. Dapontas Dimitrios
Published: April 2022

The Present manuscript is presenting the economic history of Bulgaria as a candidate country to join the Eurozone. The difficulties have been overcome under the bond to Deutsche Mark scheme back in 1997. European Union participation in 2007, fiscal health and ERM II participation since 2020 have enchased country’s plans to be a part of Euro in 2024 despite any current members disbelief, divided public opinion and global tension.
Dementia in Work Place: A Theoretical Examination of the Risk Factors
Authors: Hope I. Dr. Iguodala-Cole, , Ebenezer Kayode Olumuyiwa , Ukawuilulu Prof. John Obioma
Published: April 2022

Culture determines how members of society think and feel: it directs their actions and defines their outlook on life.Not much is known about the dementia perceptions and caregiving workers experiences in Nigeria amidst cultural misgivings of their heritage. To seek solution to this gap in knowledge, this study explores a qualitative method to understand the dementia perceptions of some Nigerian social work students who were fulfilling their internship scheme as well as workers working as paid dementia caregivers in some private homes and missionary owned old people’s homes in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria and to determine the potential for continued employment post-diagnosis. Ten case studies focused on persons with dementia who were still in employment or had left in the previous 5 years were examined. Each involved interview with the person with dementia, and a workplace representative. This data triangulation endorsed precision, permitting the experiences to be seen via a variation of opinions to build a clear image of each circumstance. The inferences of this study are multi-layered and require to be measured in terms of the individuals’ wellbeing, organizational support, and the wider theoretical, economic and societal consequences of supporting employees as well as persons with dementia.
The effectiveness of Leander traction versus Static linear traction on chronic facet syndrome patients : a randomised clinical trial
Authors:   , Hicklin John Renshaw
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was establish if Leander versus Static traction was useful for the treatment of facet syndrome, a common type of mechanical lower back pain seen by chiropractors. Two groups of fifteen participants were chosen on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The first objective was to determine if Static linear traction was effective for the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome in terms of subjective and objective findings. The second objective was to determine if Leander traction was effective for the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings. Lastly the third objective was to compare the subjective and objective clinical findings for both groups. Design: A randomised, two group parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out between the two sample groups. Participants had to have had chronic lower back pain (> 3months). Thirty symptomatic volunteer participants between 25 and 55 were randomly divided into two equal groups – group A (Leander traction) received 5 treatments over a 2 week period. Similarly, group B (Static linear traction) also received 5 treatments over a 2 week period. Algometer readings, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS101), Pain Severity Scale (PSS) and Oswestery Disabilty Index (ODI) were used as v assessment tools. Subjective and objective clinical findings were taken on the first and second visits (i.e. 48 hours) prior to treatment and immediately after treatment. Another set of subjective and objective readings were taken one week after the fifth treatment in order to gauge the long term effects of both treatments. No treatment was given on the sixth visit. Pressure tolerance measurements using an algometer were taken at the end ranges of motion in Kemp’s test and spinal extension. Outcome measures: SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for statistical analysis of data. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The two groups were compared at baseline in terms of demographics variables and location using Pearson’s chi square tests and ttests as appropriate. Intra-group comparisons were made between all time points. A significant time effect indicated successful treatment intervention. Inter-group comparisons were achieved using repeated measures ANOVA tests for each outcome measured separately. A significant time group interaction effect indicated a significant treatment effect. Profile plots were used to assess the trend and direction of the treatment effect. Results: The results of the study showed that Leander traction and Static linear traction were both effective for treating chronic lumbar facet syndrome and no statistically significant difference was found between subjective and objective clinical findings between the two groups.
A profile of horse riding injuries in adult horse riders registered with the Kwa Zulu Natal Horse Society
Authors:   , Catlin Jo-Anne Carrie
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Equestrian sport as a competitive sport first began in 1868 at the Royal Dublin Horse Show 1. Injuries, especially minor injuries, are seldom reported, and there are no regulatory requirements anywhere that compel formal injury notification of this sport 2. Objectives: The objectives were to describe a profile of horse riding injuries, to determine the association between the type of equestrian activity and location and mechanism of injury, the association between use and type of equipment and location of injury and to determine anthropometric and history variables associated with location of horse riding injuries. As well as determining if non riding related injuries were associated with riding related injuries in the same sites. Therefore, for the purpose of this study, the following information was gathered in order to build up an injury profile: Anthropometric values (age, height, weight, gender, ethnicity, dominant hand and medical aid) of competitive horse riders in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, The participants horse riding history, Their record of any past or current injuries, Factors associated with previous and current injuries were also investigated, Equipment and facilities used Methods: This study was a quantitative descriptive design, which was questionnaire based and was administered by the researcher at various competitions in KwaZulu Natal or sent via email to those not present at the competitions. The study was limited to adult members of the KwaZulu Natal Horse Society that competed in on the Olympic disciplines of dressage, show jumping and eventing. iv Results: There were 176 respondents to the study. The average age was 36.3 years. The vast majority of participants were White (99.4%) females (81%). The overall prevalence of injury was 90.3%. Muscle strains were the most common type of injury. The head was the most commonly injured site (46.4%), the lower back was the site most likely to be injured many times. Forceful falls were ranked as the most severe type of injury mechanism. Most injuries occurred whilst jumping (63.8%). Use of protective equipment was associated with injury prevention and protection. Muscle strains due to riding were significantly less common in those who presently did regular exercise. Having no medical problems was associated with not having any riding injuries. There was no significant association between riding and non riding related injuries.
A comparative study of Hahnemannian and radionically prepared potencies of Natrum muriaticum using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors:   , Allsopp Clare
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of homoeopathic potencies prepared according to the orthodox Hahnemannian method with those produced with Radionic instrumentation. Methodology The chemical shift values and relative integration values for the H2O, CH2, CH3 and OH peaks of the 6C, 12C and 30C potencies of Hahnemannian and Radionic Natrum muriaticum were compared. The orthodox Hahnemannian method of preparing potencies involves dilution of the crude substance followed by the dilution and succussion at each subsequent deconcentration (potency) level. The Hahnemannian potencies were prepared according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP) and the potencies diluted using a 1:100 ratio and succussed ten times at each potency level. The Radionic group of potencies were prepared using the ‘Magnetogeometric Potency Simulator’ (a Radionic apparatus). NMR testing took place at the Chemistry Department at the University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg using a Bruker Avance lll NMR spectrometer 500MHz.The samples were dispensed into boro-silicate glass NMR tubes with a co-axial tube containing Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) which was used as a frequency lock around the tube. Three samples were drawn from each group, including the controls, and analysed using the NMR spectrometer. The NMR spectrometer information was received and the chemical shift and relative integration values of H2O, OH, CH2 and CH3 peaks on the NMR spectra recorded. All the data was entered into a Microsoft Excel© 2000 spreadsheet and then from there transferred into SPSS© software package for statistical analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to make a comparison between the eight unpaired groups. If a significant difference occurred between the groups iii individual comparisons between groups were made using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The significant value was set at α= 0.05. Results The results of this study revealed significant differences between the Hahnemannian and Radionic samples. The chemical shift values of the parallel potencies showed significant differences for the H2O, CH2 and CH3 peaks. A significant difference for the OH peaks was observed between the 30C potencies. The relative integration values showed a significant difference for the OH and CH3 peaks between the parallel 12C and 30C potencies but not between the parallel 6C potencies. Conclusion From studying the results it can be concluded that the respective manufacture methods resulted in the NMR spectra of the parallel potencies being significantly different (exhibiting distinctive physico-chemical properties) thus confirming the hypotheses of the study. The standardisation of the process of preparing homoeopathic remedies is important as different methods produce potencies with distinct physico-chemical identities. Further studies into different methods should be researched in order to control and standardise the production of potencies.
Exposure to Peer Violence Among Romanian High School Students And Its Relationship With Internet Use And Other Health Risk Behaviors
Authors: Lotrean Lucia Maria , Trifescu Ioana , Florea Mira , Cornean Rodica , Vulturar Romana , Lencu Codruța
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: Peer violence can have important physical and psychological consequences. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed exposure to peer violence among Romanian high school students and investigated its relationship with internet use and other health risk behaviors. METHODS: A cross sectional study using anonymous questionnaires was performed in the school year 2015/2016 among 220 high school students from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. RESULTS: Around 9% of the girls, respectively 20% of the boys were involved in a physical fight with a peer in the last year. More than half of both girls and boys declared verbal aggression by peers at least once in the last year, while around one quarter of the participants declared being aggressed in the last year through messages sent by peers by phone or social media platforms. The results of the bivariate correlation analyses show that involvement in physical fights was positively associated with being boy, experimentation with smoking, electronic cigarettes use and getting drunk during lifetime. High school students who declared verbal aggression in the last year had the tendency to spend more time on internet for several purposes, to experiment smoking and alcohol intoxication. Exposure to peer violence through messages sent by phone or social media platforms was more frequents among those spending more time on internet, having social media accounts and getting drunk during lifetime. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the need for future investigations in this field as well as the necessity to develop appropriate programs for prevention and decreasing of peer violence among high school students.
INVESTIGATING SENSITIVITY OF FATHERS TOWARDS VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Authors: AYRAN Gülsün , KÖSE Semra , ÇELEBİOĞLU Ayda
Published: April 2022

AIMS: The study was carried out for determining fathers’ sensitivity towards violence against children. METHODS: The study in descriptive quality was carried out with 534 fathers with children aged 0-18 between November and December 2020. The “Descriptive Question Form” and “Violence Sensitivity towards Children Scale” were used to collect the data. The data were collected online from fathers. Percentage, average, independent T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple regression analysis were used to interpret the data. RESULTS: The mean age of the fathers participating in the study was 36.95±6.66, 61.6% had a university degree or higher, 67.2% had an income equal to their expenses, 71.7% lived in the city center, 84.6% had a nuclear family, and 38.8% It was found that ten had only one child. It was determined that 51.1% of the fathers had witnessed violence before, 70.2% had not been exposed to violence before, 55.6% did not smoke, 86.9% did not use alcohol, and 57.9% perceived their family relations as normal. In the study, it was found that there was a statistically signifi cant relationship between the variables of educational status, employment status, fathers’ place of residence and family type, and the mean scores of the Susceptibility to Violence Against Child Scale (p<0.05). It was determined that 53.2% of the fathers showed moderate sensitivity to violence and the mean score of the Susceptibility to Violence against Child Scale was 43.70±5.07. It was determined that 53.2% of the fathers were sensitive towards moderate violence and the average score of the Violence Sensitivity towards Children Scale was 43.70±5.07. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study, it was determined that fathers showed moderate sensitivity to violence against children, education status, employment status, place of residence of fathers and family type were effective variables on the level of sensitivity to violence against children.
Case scenario: Management of major depressive disorder in primary care based on the updated Malaysian clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Visvalingam Uma , Silim Umi Adzlin , Ahmad Zahari Muhammad Muhsin , Abdul Gani Firdaus , Mislan Noormazita , Redzuan Noor Izuana , Low Peter Kuan Hoe , Tan Sing Yee , Abd Aziz Masseni , Ahmad Adlan Aida Syarinaz , Wahab Suzaily , Suhaimi Aida Farhana , Embok Raub Nurul Syakilah , Mohtar Siti Mariam , Mohd Yusof Mohd Aminuddin
Published: April 2022

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common but complex illness that is frequently presented in the primary care setting. Managing this disorder in primary care can be difficult, and many patients are underdiagnosed and/or undertreated. The Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on the Management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (2nd ed.), published in 2019, covers screening, diagnosis, treatment and referral (which frequently pose a challenge in the primary care setting) while minimising variation in clinical practice.