bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B - 11 Early Life Traumatic Brain Injury Constrains the Benefits of High Socioeconomic Status on White Matter Microstructure and Language
Authors: Elsayed Nourhan M , Barch Deanna M
Published: October 2023

Objective

We examined contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to change in language and white matter microstructure (WMM) during adolescence.

Method

Data are from 11,876 youth with baseline assessment (T1) and 24-month follow-up (T2) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (general community sample). TBI data were from the parent-reported Ohio State TBI Identification Method. Language was measured using the NIH-toolbox picture-vocabulary test. TBI cases, with complete data, were nearest-neighbor propensity score matched with non-TBI cases considering handedness, income, race, age, sex, and diffusion tensor imaging quality (N-analyses = 141). WMM in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA). Analyses were conducted using nested linear models accounting for dependencies, age, sex, and handedness.

Results

TBI was not independently associated with language or WMM at T1 (mean age in months (MA) = 118.8) or T2 (MA = 142.8) (all p > 0.05). TBI and SES interacted in association with T1 UF-FA (p = 0.03, CI = -0.05, −0.02). Low SES youth did not differ in T1 UF-FA. Among high SES youth, those without TBI had higher UF-FA (p = 0.04). A 3-way interaction between SES, TBI and change in UF-FA between T1 and T2 in predicting language emerged (p = 0.01, CI = 0.12, 1.06). Youth with moderate-to-high levels of UF change did not differ in language. For youth with low increases in UF, SES and language were positively associated only in youth without TBI (p = 0.0003).

Conclusion(s)

TBI does not have a direct effect on adolescent WMM or language but interacts with SES and WMM to blunt benefit of SES on language.
B - 13 A Written Stutter: a Case Study of Functional Neurologic Disorder
Authors: Gramling Laura , O'Connell Erin I , Peery Shelley
Published: October 2023

Objective

Functional neurologic disorder (FND) is a broad diagnostic construct that encompasses many heterogeneous conditions. The defining characteristic of FND is that the affected individual experiences symptoms for which there is no known biological mechanism. Often the symptoms are attributed to psychological factors. FND remains poorly understood, despite increased efforts to elucidate neural and neuropsychological correlates. To date, there have been only a few case studies published on acute onset of dysfluent writing that does not result in dysgraphia and is not associated with a major neurological event (i.e., stroke, or traumatic brain injury).

Methods

A 17-year-old, right-handed, White, cis-gender boy was referred to an outpatient neuropsychology private practice with a complaint of acute onset and progressive dysfluent and effortful writing without dysgraphia. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was undertaken, and the patient’s mother served as a collateral informant.

Results

Performance was grossly within normal limits with mild impairment in fine motor coordination. The patient evidenced a slowed, effortful writing style marked by initial hesitation followed by a smooth fluid motion. Clinical interview and measures of psychological functioning did not reveal any psychiatric conditions.

Conclusions

Parallels are drawn between this dysfluent writing style, which does not cause functional impairment, and a stutter. Neuroanatomical mechanisms are explored.
B - 19 The Role of Neuropsychology in Characterizing an Unidentified Neurodegenerative Disorder: an Adolescent Case Study
Authors: Sakallah Alaa , King Kelly
Published: October 2023

Objective

13-year, 9-month-old biracial female with no prior medical history presented with a new onset neurodegenerative disorder following a bullying incident. This case highlights the role of neuropsychology in the characterization of neurodegenerative disorders in a pediatric population.

Method

Patient presented with 4-week history of progressive ataxia, nystagmus, and poor memory. Concern for anoxic brain injury from the bullying led to an MRI showing T2 hyperintensity in the bilateral cerebellar peduncles, pons, and midbrain with a “hot cross bun” sign. A deletion in the EPRS gene was found, known to cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 15; however, this mutation was not thought to explain her condition. She was diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disorder, type unknown, and severe expressive language disorder.

Results

Educational evaluation (age 8) showed low average to average cognitive functioning. Current testing showed intact effort with impaired cognitive functioning and bilateral speeded fine motor dexterity. Expressive and receptive language skills were below average to impaired; speech was slowed and dysarthric. Verbal memory was impaired, but visual memory and executive functioning testing were intact. Parent ratings indicated below average to impaired adaptive functioning. Patient received therapy for the bullying trauma and exhibited no trauma symptoms at this evaluation.

Conclusions

Despite the unclear diagnosis, this patient experienced a significant decline in motor and speech/expressive language skills due to an unidentified neurodegenerative disorder. Neuropsychological evaluation also confirmed impacts on intelligence and receptive language and ruled out trauma and psychiatric contributions. This case highlights the role of neuropsychology in multidisciplinary work-up of an unidentified neurodegenerative condition.
B - 24 Neuropsychological Profile of a Child with ASD, ADHD, and Psychotic Features
Authors: Uy Naomi G , Weiss Erica , McGinley John , Stimmel Marnina , Bronshteyn Diana , Masur David , Facchini Ronda
Published: October 2023

Objective

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and psychotic traits, although highly comorbid, have rarely been studied in children. Existing research indicates that impulsivity, comprehension difficulties, and inflexibility are overlapping symptoms within the ASD and ADHD populations. Adult research shows high comorbidity estimates between ASD and psychosis. Here we describe the neuropsychological profile of a 14-year-old boy with diagnoses of ASD and ADHD with psychotic features. We highlight the value of comprehensive and flexible neuropsychological assessment while integrating detailed testing, behavioral observations, and collateral report.

Methods

Medical history of this child included late-term and breech birth with his first Apgar score at expected level and his second score falling below expected level. Delayed acquisition of developmental milestones, learning difficulties, speech difficulties, anxiety, and hyperactivity, were reported. Auditory hallucinations triggered by stress were observed during evaluation. Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation requires nonstandard exploration of cognitive domains and time-limited testing sessions to acquire robust estimates of functioning.

Results

Overall cognitive abilities were in the borderline range with highly variable academic performances (extremely low to average). All performances were grossly below age level and were significantly impacted by auditory hallucinations but were consistent with the diagnoses of ASD and ADHD.

Conclusion

This case of a boy with ASD, ADHD, and auditory hallucinations demonstrates the diagnostic overlap among these conditions and the necessity for flexible neuropsychological testing, detailed behavioral observations and caregiver report in the assessment of overlapping clinical features. Multiple sources of data are required to identify patterns in symptomatology to inform differential diagnosis and comorbidities.
B - 25 Examining Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Performance by Primary and Testing Language
Authors: Carlton Jacquelyn , Hromas Gabrielle , Davis Jeremy
Published: October 2023

Objective

Previous research has identified that MMSE scores vary by education raising concern that examinees with lower educational level may be inaccurately identified as cognitively impaired. Most studies, however, used the English MMSE and may not generalize to Spanish speakers. We compared MMSE scores in primary Spanish-speakers tested in English (S-E) with primary Spanish-speakers tested in Spanish (S-S).

Method

This project involved secondary analysis of de-identified National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data. Cases with visit one MMSE data and demographics were included if the primary language was Spanish yielding a sample of S-S (n = 1514) and S-E (n = 346) participants. Coarsened exact matching derived a subset of S-E and S-S participants matched on age, education, and Clinical Dementia Rating global score (n = 630).

Results

In the overall sample, groups were not different in age, but education was lower in S-S (M = 9.2; SD = 5.1) than S-E (M = 12.9; SD = 5.1; p < 0.001) participants. MMSE scores were lower in S-S (M = 22.4, SD = 7.1) than S-E participants (M = 23.7, SD = 6.2; p = 0.002). More S-S participants (45%) had an abnormal (< 24) MMSE compared to S-E participants (38%; p = 0.02). In the matched sample, MMSE scores were not significantly different between S-S (M = 24.4; SD = 6.0) and S-E (M = 23.9; SD = 6.1; p = 0.30) participants, and rates of abnormal MMSE scores were not significantly different between S-S (32%) and S-E (37%; p = 0.16) participants.

Conclusions

Overall sample MMSE scores differed by test administration language groups, but group differences were not observed in the matched subset. Consistent with other research, educational level is associated with MMSE scores in Spanish-speakers regardless of test administration language.
B - 28 Health Literacy Is a Better Predictor of Neurocognitive Performance on Verbal Fluency Tasks than Race
Authors: Finley John-Christopher , Oh Alison , Rauch Andrew , Khan Humza , Jacob Roshni , Soble Jason , Resch Zachary
Published: October 2023

Objective

Neuropsychologists have historically used demographically-adjusted normative data to account for race-associated differences in neurocognitive performance. Using race-based norms has become increasingly controversial, particularly following the National Football League 2014 concussion settlement, as such practices may perpetuate systemic inequities and biases. Adjusting for the effects of social determinants of brain health may be an alternative approach to race-based norms. A measurable social determinant of brain health that disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) is health literacy, which has been well-associated with verbal fluency performance. The current study evaluated the incremental value of health literacy and race to predict neurocognitive performance on a verbal fluency measure.

Method

The sample comprised 71 BIPOC and 45 White participants (ages 18–87) who underwent an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Verbal fluency was measured via the F-A-S and Controlled Animal Word Association Test. Health literacy was measured via the Short Assessment of Health Literacy-English. Demographics included age, sex, race, and years of formal education. Race was categorized as White or BIPOC since binary classification is common in race-based norms.

Results

Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the combination of race and health literacy have a significantly larger effect on verbal fluency performance than race alone (p < 0.001). Including this interaction in the model explained 13.07% more variance in neurocognitive performance than race as an independent predictor (R-squared increased from 4.83% to 17.90%).

Conclusions

These findings suggest health literacy may be more helpful for accounting for group differences in neurocognitive performance than race when developing normative data.
B - 29 The Negative Impact of Health Inequity and Medical Mistrust Due to Intersecting Marginalized Identities: a Neuropsychological Case Study
Authors: Fisher Thomas , Whynot Delaney , Keniston Alyssa , Lewandowski Alan , Briggs Katelyn
Published: October 2023

Objective

The occurrence of delayed preventative health screening as a result of health inequities and medical mistrust resulting from intersecting marginalized identities, including race and sexual orientation, is well documented; however, this complex interplay applied to a neuropsychological profile is less established. The present case uses neuropsychological assessment to further the understanding of the brain-behavior relationship in a case with significant medical comorbidities, a history of childhood trauma, underlying psychiatric conditions, and social and cultural identities that have been historically marginalized.

Method

The patient is a 53-year-old right-handed Black, gay man with multiple cerebrovascular risk factors, a seizure disorder, two remote concussions, past kidney failure with the subsequent transplant, and HIV with prescribed antiretroviral medications who was referred for neuropsychological evaluation by neurology pursuant to a decline in mental status over the past decade.

Results

Neuropsychological testing reflects global cognitive deficits evidenced by difficulties with intellectual functioning, motor abilities, complex sequencing, problem-solving, executive functioning, verbal fluency, attention, and memory. A self-report of psychological functioning revealed emotional difficulties associated with depression, anxiety, ongoing traumatic stress, and emotional dysregulation. Findings are most consistent with major neurodegenerative disorder and suggest a diagnosis of dementia complicated by depression.

Conclusions

This neuropsychological case study provides an example of the complex effects of biological, economic, and other sociocultural factors on cognition and emotional functioning. This case further emphasizes the negative impact of medical mistrust and delayed preventative care in the Black, gay community on neuropsychological functioning and quality of life.
B - 30 A Consultation Model Approach to Working with the Deaf Community: a Neuropsychological Case Report
Authors: Hammond Jared , Isquith Peter K , Roth Robert M
Published: October 2023

Objective

Neuropsychological evaluation with Deaf individuals is of increasing interest in light of the recent SCOTUS decision in Perez v Sturgis. We describe an evaluation approach with a Deaf patient and his wife (who is deaf blind) using consecutive sign language interpretation and a remote consultant.

Method

A 76-year-old Deaf man with 8 years of education presented to a rural Northeastern medical center with memory concerns. An expert in neuropsychological evaluation with Deaf individuals provided remote consultation on relevant background, linguistic, and cultural questions for patient and interpreters, test battery choices that are robust to interpretation, modification of instructions as needed, functional equipment (clear masks, face shields), and optimal testing room setup with both a medical interpreter and a Certified Deaf Interpreter.

Results

Difficulties were noted with visual learning and memory in the context of estimated average perceptual intellectual ability and intact attention, executive functions, and spatial skills. Expressive language (ASL) and memory for ASL signs were intact. Processing speed was variable.

Conclusions

We present an example of neuropsychological evaluation using expert consultation and both hearing and Deaf interpreters for an individual from the Deaf community. The consultation process, decision making with respect to the test battery, testing room setup and coordination with interpreters, and issues related to interpreting findings in the context of a Deaf patient’s educational and medical history are addressed.
B - 33 Characterization of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Population-Based Sample
Authors: Longoria Anthony J , Kaser Alyssa N , Winiarski Holly R , Denney David A , Schaffert Jeffrey , Lacritz Laura H
Published: October 2023

Objective

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) represent one’s perception of cognitive change that may relate to cognitive decline. This study characterized SCC endorsement and objective cognitive performance in minority populations.

Method

Participants from a population-based, multiethnic cardiovascular risk study (N = 2653; Age = (18–85); Female = 58%; Black = 51%; Hispanic = 14%) responded to questions about their subjective cognitive functioning prior to completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participants endorsed “Yes” or “No” to the following items: 1) Do you have consistent memory problems, 2) If YES, do they interfere with everyday activities, and 3) do you have trouble figuring things out/solving problems. Descriptive and chi-squared analyses characterized endorsement among ethnoracial groups. One-way ANCOVA controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and education compared MoCA scores by endorsement pattern.

Results

Nineteen percent (N = 520) of participants endorsed SCCs, in which blacks endorsed SCCs at a higher rate (22.4%; p < 0.008) than other ethnoracial groups (White = 16.3%; Hispanic = 17.8%). ANCOVA revealed significantly higher mean MoCA scores in those without cognitive complaints (MoCA = 23.4, N = 2122) than those who endorsed Item 3 (MoCA = 21.7, N = 42, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.001), Items 1&3 (MoCA = 21.8, N = 42, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.002), and Items 1,2, &3 (MoCA = 19.6, N = 100, p = <0.001, η2 = 0.024), respectively.

Conclusions

Black individuals were more likely to endorse SCC’s than other ethnoracial groups. Interestingly, memory complaints alone were not associated with cognitive performance, while those with problem solving concerns (with or without memory concerns) showed poorer cognitive performance. While a self-appraisal of executive functioning produced the strongest effect, future investigations are needed to characterize and distinguish the most sensitive SCCs to enhance clinical utility of brief screeners.
B - 43 Case Study: Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Female Veteran with Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Smith Cassandra , Schwartz Eliezer
Published: October 2023

Objective

Recent research suggests there is a lack of consensus regarding current data on the racial/ethnic profiles of cognitively impaired persons with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) despite DLB being among the most common neurodegenerative dementias. This case study reviews a Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) with probable DLB and discusses challenges encountered to emphasize the importance of appropriate normative data to help detect DLB in diverse populations.

Methods

A 78-year-old NHPI female veteran presented for repeat neuropsychological evaluation to track her cognitive symptoms. Chief complaints included concurrent cognitive and motor difficulties, fully formed visual hallucinations, nighttime confusion, and reduplicative paramnesias which have significantly impacted her instrumental activities of daily living.

Results

Neuropsychological testing is suggestive of progressive decline in several cognitive domains, including visuospatial ability, executive functioning, semantic fluency, and verbal and visual learning and memory. Consistent with a DLB diagnosis, her cognitive symptoms emerged concurrently with motor symptom onset. There is also evidence of significant visuospatial and executive difficulties, as well as previously reported reduplicative paramnesia, confusion, and weekly fully-formed hallucinations. Additionally, there is evidence of concurrent parkinsonism’s such as bradykinesia, rigidity, hypophonia, and tremor.

Conclusion

The constellation of symptoms reported by the patient, combined with the results of neuropsychological assessment, was highly congruent with prototypical DLB; however, lack of proper normative data to accurately assess for decline in her scores led to significant caution in interpretation of her neuropsychological performance. This case demonstrates the importance of proper normative data in diverse populations and the role of neuropsychological evaluations in specific cultural contexts.
B - 45 Differences in the Association between Social Activity and Neurocognition between Latino and Non-Hispanic White Older Adults with HIV
Authors: Wang Crystal X , Hussain Mariam A , Carvalho de Lize Tibiriçá , Castellanos-Ponce Valarie , Cherner Mariana , Palmer Barton W , Umlauf Anya , Heaton Robert K , Ellis Ronald J , Marquine María J
Published: October 2023

Objective

Older Hispanics/Latinos/as/x (henceforth Latinos) are disproportionately affected by HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. We examined social activity as a possible protective factor against worse neurocognitive outcomes for older people with HIV (PWH). Given cultural values regarding interpersonal relationships, we also examined whether the association between social activity and neurocognition was stronger for Latino than White PWH.

Method

Community-dwelling PWH (N = 114; 50% Latino [53% Spanish-speaking]; Overall group: Age: M = 58.03 SD = 5.75; Education: M = 13.29, SD = 3.39; 82% male; 58% AIDS; 95% on antiretroviral therapy; 4% detectable plasma RNA) completed neuropsychological and neuromedical evaluations. Global neurocognition was derived from demographically adjusted T-scores on a battery of 10 tests with separate norms for English and Spanish-speakers. A questionnaire assessed participants’ engagement in 7 social activities over the past year. Covariates included physical activity, depressed mood, and HIV disease characteristics.

Results

There were no ethnic differences in degree or nature of social activity. A linear regression model revealed a significant interaction between ethnicity and social activity on global neurocognitive T-scores, (β = 0.45, SE = 0.18, p = 0.02), such that increased engagement in social activities was associated with better global neurocognition in White PWH (β = 3.40, SE = 1.13, p < 0.01), but not Latino PWH (β = 0.57, SE = 1.00, p = 0.57).

Conclusions

Results indicate a possible protective influence of social activity on neurocognition in older White, but not Latino PWH, highlighting the importance of examining the generalizability of this relationship across ethnic/cultural groups. Future studies might examine the quality of social activities and their link with neurocognition in diverse older PWH.
B - 55 The Impact of Trauma on Executive Functioning
Authors: Grewal Daya , Keller Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Objective

Individuals seeking neuropsychological assessment frequently present with executive dysfunction and often have trauma histories. This study examines the relationship between Posttraumatic Stress symptoms measured by the Trauma Symptom Inventoy- 2 (TSI-2) and performance on the Delis- Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Tower Test, which is commonly used in clinical research settings to evaluate executive functioning. The task involves planning, considering multiple possibilities, and adjusting based on feedback.

Method

All participants (n = 54) had experienced trauma over the course of their life. Participants were classified into two groups based on the TSI-2 PTSD factor score: the control group (n = 33, T score 60). Result: While the Tower total achievement scores did not differ between clinical groups, there were effects seen on the efficiency of their performance. A one-way ANOVA indicated that the control group significantly were more efficient in their moves to complete the task compared to the PTSD group (F(1, 52) = 6.589, p = 0.013).

Conclusion

The symptomatic group performed lower on the Tower Move Accuracy ratio despite comparable overall Tower achievement, which suggests poorer planning and organization skills. While the total sample in this study presented with a trauma history, the groupings were based on the presence or absence of current PTSD symptoms. Consistent with Stricker et al. (2015), current trauma symptoms appear to influence performance on executive functioning tasks.
B - 62 The Clinical Utility of the BAI Compared to the GAI in Community Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Kent George , Ramirez Amanda , Fawcett Maddie , Palladino Nathan , Roesner Elizabeth , Frick Lauren , Pyykkonen Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Given the potential impact anxiety may have on cognitive performance, the current study explored the relationship of both the Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) to cognitive performance in community dwelling older adults. Specifically, the correlation of anxiety and depression symptomatology to performance on measures of executive functioning and processing speed was explored (Dorekamp & Vik, 2018; Najimi et al., 2015; Vytal et al., 2012).

Methods

Archival data from a sample of 60 community dwelling older adult participants (female n = 54; White n = 52), with an average education of 13.83 years and an average age of 76 years were included. The BAI and GAI were used to determine anxiety levels. Processing speed and executive functioning were assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Coding subtest and Trail Making Test B respectively. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s R product moment correlations.

Results

Pearson’s R product moment correlations were significant between the BAI and RBANS Coding (r = −0.328; p = 0.011), Trails B (r = 0.295; p = 0.023), and the GAI (r = 0.268; p = 0.04). However, the GAI was only significantly associated with the BAI.

Conclusions

While both the BAI and GAI are well established measures of anxiety in older adults, the BAI appears to be more sensitive to the effects of anxiety on executive functioning and processing speed in community dwelling older adults. Future directions related to exploration of severity and potential cut scores will be discussed.
B - 63 Relationship between Executive Functioning and Trauma Symptom Report in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Lapitan-Moore Franchezka , Paxton Jessica , Thomas Adrian
Published: October 2023

Objective

The study investigated the relationship between trauma symptoms and executive functioning (EF) in healthy older adults, emphasizing the importance of assessing the trauma history of those with subclinical trauma and stressor-related disorders in neuropsychological evaluations. It was hypothesized that age is negatively correlated with trauma symptoms, and trauma symptoms are negatively correlated with EF performance.

Method

This cross-sectional investigation included 520 adults ages 50–85 (67.9% Female; Education: 15.95(2.31); 87.9% White, 7.7% Black, 3.3% Asian, 0.6% Native American, 0.6% Other) from the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland Sample. Trauma was measured by the total raw score of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) and six subscale scores. EF was measured by performance on selected D-KEFS measures. Separate Pearson correlations were used to compare age to trauma scores, and EF performance to trauma scores.

Results

The anxiety subscale of TSC-40 showed a significant weak correlation with age, r (518) = −0.138, p = 0.001. Age was not correlated with any other TSC-40 subscales. The TSC-40 sexual abuse (SA) subscale showed a significant weak correlation with Color-Word Inhibition r(518) = −0.096, p = 0.031 and Trail Making-Switching r(518) = −0.106, p = 0.016. The remaining TSC-40 subscales were not correlated with other EF measures.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the overall severity of trauma symptoms is not associated with age in older adults. Older adults with fewer symptoms associated with SA showed higher EF abilities. Future investigations will assess how gender and socioeconomic status affect the association between trauma and EF in older adults.
B - 64 Association of Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cognitive Performance in HIV+ Adults
Authors: Lopez Johnny , Byrd Desiree , Gonzalez Jairo , Morgello Susan
Published: October 2023

Objective

Stress may impact cognitive ability, and perceived stress may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. This study investigates the potential impact of perceived stress levels on cognitive test performance in a NYC cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH), assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

124 racially-diverse PLWH participating in a longitudinal cohort completed comprehensive face-to-face neurocognitive test batteries between August 2020 and February 2023 (Mage = 61.22). Self-reported stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-14, and a median split (value of 18) was used to divide the sample into high and low stress groups. One-way ANOVAs were used to evaluate differences in cognitive performance based on stress grouping.

Results

Significant differences between high and low stress groups were found in: Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A), F(1,104) = 3.962,p = 0.049; Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B), F(1,80) = 7.106,p = 0.009; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), F(1,80) = 7.096,p = 0.009; and Symbol Search (SS), F(1,102) = 5.280,p = 0.024. Participants in the high stress group had lower performance on TMT-A (M = 48.78, SD = 13.47), TMT-B(M = 49.56, SD = 13.92), PASAT (M = 43.07, SD = 12.57), and SS (M = 44.85, SD = 11.76) compared to the low stress group (M = 53.71, SD = 11.87; M = 57, SD = 10.72; M = 50.20, SD = 11.62; M = 49.78, SD = 9.85; respectively).

Conclusion

Individuals reporting higher levels of stress during the COVID pandemic had reduced performance on tasks assessing information processing speed, executive functioning, and attention. This suggests that higher perceived stress levels and ambient stressors (such as the pandemic) may influence cognitive functioning.
B - 67 The Temporal Influence of Emotion Regulation on the Association between Impulsivity and Internalizing Psychopathology: a Latent Path Model
Authors: Milam Alicia L , Nabulsi Yasmine B
Published: October 2023

Objective

Impulsivity has been found to predict the use of emotion regulation strategies as well as internalizing psychopathology. The present study aims to determine whether the timing of regulatory strategies used by those higher in impulsivity differentially impacts symptoms of internalizing psychopathology.

Method

A community sample (Nf783) recruited from Amazon MTurk completed an online survey. Latent factors were created for impulsivity, antecedent-focused and response-focused regulation, and internalizing psychopathology. A parallel latent path model was tested using robust maximum likelihood estimation in MPlus in which impulsivity was associated with internalizing psychopathology through antecedent and response-focused regulation.

Results

All adjusted measurement model fit indices were within standard cut-off limits (RMSEA = 0.000–0.069, CFI = 0.981–1.000, SRMR = 0.005–0.016). Impulsivity, β = 0.90, p < 0.001, and response-focused, β = 0.40, p < 0.001, but not antecedent-focused regulation, β = 0.03, p = 0.484, predicted internalizing psychopathology. Impulsivity was related to both antecedent-focused, β = 0.70, p < 0.001, and response-focused regulation, β = 0.84, p < 0.001. There was a specific indirect effect of impulsivity on internalizing psychopathology through response-focused, β = 0.34, p < 0.001, but not antecedent-focused regulation, β = 0.02, p = 0.483. The direct effect of impulsivity, β = 0.54, p < 0.001, remained after accounting for the total indirect effects, β = 0.36, p < 0.001.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the association between impulsivity and internalizing psychopathology can be partially explained by emotion regulation. Impulsivity related positively to both types of emotion regulation, suggesting that those high in impulsivity have the capacity for both types of strategies. Only response-focused strategies were associated with internalizing symptoms; thus, it may then be beneficial to prompt those with high impulsivity to use more antecedent-focused rather than response-focused regulatory strategies.
B - 71 Neurocognitive and Self-Reported Psychosocial and Behavioural Functioning in Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: a Study Using Remote Self-Administered Testing
Authors: Wolff Brittany , Magiati Iliana , Pestell Carmela , Glasson Emma
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study compared and explored the neurocognitive profiles of siblings of persons with and without neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs), and associations between objective test performance and self-reported psychosocial functioning.

Method

Siblings of persons with and without NDCs (64 NDC and 64 control siblings; mean age 19.88 years, range 11–27 years, 73.44% female, 75.78% White Caucasian) completed self-report questionnaires and self-administered computerized neurocognitive tests of executive functioning (EF). Using Bayesian analyses, we examined cross-sectional associations between self-reported psychosocial functioning and cognitive test performance, and predictors of EF over 15 months.

Results

NDC siblings had poorer working memory, inhibition, attention, and shifting compared to controls, as measured by experimental paradigms on the backward Corsi span, N-Back 2-back task, Stop Signal Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (effect size δ ranging 0.49 to 0.64). Bayesian cross-sectional networks revealed negative emotion reactivity and working memory difficulties were central to the NDC sibling network. Over 15 months, poorer EF (k low test scores) was predicted by negative emotion reactivity, sleep problems, and anxiety, over and above effects of age and subclinical autistic and ADHD traits. Siblings of autistic individuals and persons with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder had higher rates of neurocognitive and psychiatric difficulties than other NDCs and controls (Bayes factors >20).

Conclusion

Neurocognitive difficulties were associated with transdiagnostic vulnerability to poorer wellbeing in NDC siblings. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of remote online cognitive testing and highlight the importance of individualised prevention and intervention for NDC siblings.
B - 73 The Neuropsychology of Resiliency in Elite Solo Classical Guitar Players
Authors: Zillmer Eric A , Tingley Jude , Gupta Sanya , West Ajalon , Vidovic Ana
Published: October 2023

Objective

Performing world-class solo classical guitar concerts live involves the mastery of complex neuropsychological operations, including a high degree of sequencing, multi-tasking, executive planning, synchronization, motor speed, as well as managing neuro-emotional regulatory processes. The potential for disruptive performance anxiety is often associated with the detection of threat-related stimuli controlled by the anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala-visual circuitry. The current study hypothesized that professional solo musicians would be able to successfully navigate these neuro-emotional regulatory processes as assessed by scale N of the NEO Five-Factor Model.

Methods

The NEO-FFI-3 was administered to 22 internationally acclaimed and award-wining classical guitar soloists who are actively engaged in successful recital careers and have graduated from prestigious conservatories including Curtis, Peabody, and Juilliard.

Results

NEO scores indicated low average levels of Scale N (Neuroticism) for this sample. Sex specific differences (36% of the sample was female) were statistically significant. Specifically, women scored higher than men on this dimension of emotional control and stability.

Conclusions

Professional solo musicians must be able to balance the expression of musical emotions with their ability to execute the highly demanding cognitive task of performing live. The difference among women performers on this dimension is surprising and may be related to a different set of perceived entry requirements to perform in this traditionally male dominant profession but may also be related to managing stress differently. Limitations of the study include a relatively small sample size as well as potential cultural influences given that the pool of subjects represented six different nationalities.
B - 74 Using Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory to Investigate the Structure of Executive Function in the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
Authors: Furey Rachel T , Bowden Stephen C , Jewsbury Paul A , Sudarshan Navaneetham J , Connolly Madeleine L
Published: October 2023

Objective

To evaluate a series of published executive function factor models for the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) and contrast these models with an a priori three-factor model based on Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study using the 16 main achievement scores from the D-KEFS standardization sample, which includes three separate age-cohorts. We aimed to replicate previously reported factor models for the D-KEFS in the 20-to-49-year cohort (N = 361) using the approaches described in the original published studies. We also sought to use confirmatory factor analysis to contrast these models with an a priori three-factor model based on CHC theory.

Results

The previously reported models failed to replicate, despite a large number of iterations, suggesting that these models are not plausible for the D-KEFS. Initial observations indicated an admissible but poorly fitting three-factor CHC model. However model fit was improved by adding correlated residuals for scores obtained from similar tests, reflecting method effects. These methods effects, derived from one sample, replicated in the other two standardization samples. The final CHC model demonstrated good to excellent fit for the D-KEFS in all three samples, and displayed strong metric invariance across the three age-cohorts.

Conclusion(s)

The results highlight the importance of replication in neuropsychological assessment, and show that D-KEFS scores can be interpreted in line with CHC constructs of processing speed, fluid reasoning, and retrieval fluency.
B - 80 The Effects of Psychological Distress and Retention Intervals on the Fading Affect Bias and Response Time
Authors: McCracken Kayla Y , Andrasik Frank , Zhang Jia Wei
Published: October 2023

Objective

The ability to exert control over memories has substantial implications for cognitive functioning and psychological well-being. This study explored psychological distress as a negatively related unhealthy variable of memory recollection and the Fading Affect Bias based on memory type (negative vs. positive) and retention intervals (within 1 month vs. within 6 months vs. 2–10 years vs. at least 10 years).

Method

Participants completed a series of memory recall, emotional intensity ratings, and self-reported tasks. We conducted frequencies to determine the top reaction time period, and an analysis of covariance to examine the relationship between memory type, memory time periods, and the Fading Affect Bias.

Results

Participants were 50 college-age students. “Within 1 month” for positive memory type (μ = 44,880.74 ms) was the most extensive reaction time. “2–10 years” for both positive (μ = 19,067.50 ms) and negative (μ = 19,303.67 ms) memory types were the most rapid reaction time. “Within 1 month” (+) had the greatest mean decrease in affect intensity with (92.7%) rating neutral to extremely pleasant, and “2–10 years” (−) had the smallest decrease in mean affect intensity with (62.7%) rating unpleasant to extremely unpleasant.

Conclusions

Data suggests that reaction time and the pleasantness of which memories fade may be related to memory type and the time in which they occurred. Data also suggests that the rate at which the pleasantness of memories fades may be related to psychological distress Future research should examine whether sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with the types of memories recalled and reaction time.
B - 84 Changes in Right Pars Triangularis Network Role and Naming Errors in Post-Stroke Aphasia
Authors: Stoll Harrison , Brecher Adelyn , Coslett H Branch , Dresang Haley , Faseyitan Olu , Hamilton Roy , Harvey Denise , Kelkar Apoorva , Medaglia John , Sacchetti Daniela , Turkeltaub Peter
Published: October 2023

Objective

The goal of the current study was to further clarify the role of right pars trianagularis (rPTr) in persons with aphasia (PWA) by investigating if the structural changes after stroke are associated with language deficits. We hypothesized that boundary controllability (bc), which measures the capacity of a region integrate/segregate brain regions, would be higher in rPTr for PWA than age-matched controls. We also sought to understand whether different types of naming errors corresponded to bc at rPTr. We hypothesized that bc would relate to phonological naming errors.

Method

We tested our hypothesis in 60 chronic post-stroke aphasia patients and 62 matched controls. All PWA completed the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT). With PNT data, we calculated the overall accuracy and proportion of error type (phonological, semantic, and mixed).

Results

Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found PWA had higher bc than age-matched controls at rPTr (t(120) = −2.52, p < 0.01). A regression model yielded a statistically significant negative relationship between bc and phonological errors that could not be accounted for by lesion volume (R2 = 0.11, F(1,48) = 6.21, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate shift in the fundamental anatomical role of rPTr suggests the region becomes more critical for integrating and segregating communication across networks of the brain. Compared to findings in the left PTr in healthy subjects, our data suggest that homotopic recruitment may involve shifts in this anatomical property. and may relate to specific aspects of language processing.
B - 85 Medication Adherence in People Living with HIV: Analyzing Performance-Based Medication Management in Relation to Cognition and Real-World Adherence
Authors: Adam Sajda , Althoff Amy , Dampier Will , Devlin Kathryn , Malone Kim , Nonnemacher Michael , Pirrone Vanessa , Schultheis Maria , Szep Zsofia , Tillman Shinika , Wigdahl Brian
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study investigates relationships among neuropsychological functioning, medication management performance, and viral load in people living with HIV. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment, particularly in attention/working memory, executive function, and episodic memory, will negatively influence medication management and virologic control.

Methods

Participants in this cross-sectional study were 29 HIV+ adults (ages 44–71, 90% Black) receiving cART and enrolled in the Temple/Drexel Comprehensive NeuroHIV Center (CNHC) cohort. Participants completed neuropsychological assessments, Medication Management Test-Revised (MMT-R), and blood sample collection. Linear regression examined cognitive domains as predictors of MMT-R performance. Logistic and linear regression examined cognition and MMT-R as predictors of viral load.

Results

64% of participants had undetectable HIV RNA. The remainder had low-level viral replication. 89% were prescribed one-pill-a-day regimens. Verbal memory was positively associated with MMT-R (b = 0.60, p = 0.023). Neither cognition nor MMT-R were significant predictors of detectable vs. undetectable RNA. Among participants with detectable viral load, higher RNA was associated significantly with poorer visuospatial memory (b = 0.69, p = 0.028) and marginally with poorer performance on the MMT-R daily regimen subscale (b = 0.56, p = 0.094).

Conclusion

Verbal memory was related to better MMT-R performance, but neither cognition nor MMT-R were good predictors of detectable vs. undetectable viral load. However, among those with low-level viral replication, poorer visuospatial memory and difficulty with simple MMT-R items were preliminarily related to higher viral load. Given the small sample, results are limited by low statistical power. Future research will further explore relationships among cognition, MMT-R, RNA, and regimen complexity in larger samples to inform development of tools to monitor adherence difficulties.
B - 89 The Association between Cognitive Ability and Performance Consistency on Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)
Authors: Ikonomou Vasilios C , Meier Lauren M , Wagaman Bailey , Campbell Ivan , Myers Melissa A , Pizer Jasmin H , Hawley Nanako A , Asencio-Ortiz Paola , Hill Benjamin D
Published: October 2023

Objective

To evaluate the relation between cognitive abilities and intra-individual variability (IIV) on the PASAT.

Methods

205 participants (M = 19 years old, SD = 1.5; 55.1% female, 60% White, 24.4% Black, 6% Asian) completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV), PASAT, Animal Naming, Trail-Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B, and CNS Vital Signs. Normed scores were used for analysis. IIV on PASAT was calculated as the standard deviation around their own mean across four rates of presentation (2.4, 2.0, 1.6, and 1.2 seconds).

Results

Pearson r correlations revealed PASAT total score was correlated with FSIQ [r = 0.56; p < 0.001], Animal Naming [r = 0.27; p < 0.001], CNS psychomotor speed [r = 0.27; p < 0.001], CNS cognitive flexibility [r = 0.24; p < 0.001], Trails Part B [r = 0.28; p < 0.001] and CNS executive functioning [r = 0.22; p < 0.001]. PASAT IIV was negatively correlated with FSIQ [r = −0.46; p < 0.001] and Animal Naming [r = −0.15; p = 0.034]. There were no significant associations between PASAT IIV and CNS vital signs domains or TMT performance.

Conclusions

PASAT total score and performance variability were related to general intellectual ability. Individuals with higher IQ levels were more consistent for PASAT performance and performed better on the task. This is at odds with previous IIV research in health samples where IIV increases with global cognitive ability. Additionally, PASAT IIV was negatively related to Animal Naming performance but not other aspects of executive functioning. This unexpected finding requires further research.
B - 91 Cognition as a Premonitory Symptom of Migraine
Authors: Lacritz Megan , Seng Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Objective

Migraine is often accompanied by premonitory symptoms (neurologic symptoms preceding migraine pain) which serve as “warning signs.” Cognition changes are commonly described during the premonitory period (period preceding pain onset). Ecological momentary assessment can be utilized to understand if perceived cognitive changes are a symptom patients use as an indicator of the premonitory period.

Methods

Participants with episodic migraine were recruited through a large urban health system and online advertising (n = 43). Individuals participated in a three-month, three-times-a-day electronic diary answering questions regarding migraine attack symptoms, including perception of being in a premonitory period, and the presence of premonitory symptoms, including “difficulty thinking or concentrating.” The frequency of perceived cognitive difficulties was analyzed during the perceived premonitory period (endorsing “I think I might get a headache”) vs. the perceived interictal period (endorsing “I do not anticipate a headache”). Cross tabs evaluated the frequencies of perceived cognitive difficulties during different migraine phases.

Results

Participants were predominantly White (n = 33, 76.7%), non-Hispanic (n = 33, 76.7%) women (n = 36, 83.7%). Thirty-three participants endorsed subjective cognitive difficulties at least once during the premonitory phase (n = 33; 76.75%). Difficulty thinking and concentrating was endorsed 35.16% of the time when participates also reported anticipating a headache in the morning and only 8.36% of the time when participants reported not anticipating a headache.

Conclusion

Participants perceived cognitive decline as a premonitory symptom. Difficulty concentrating and thinking was endorsed more when participants anticipated getting a headache vs. when not. Assessing subjective cognitive decline as a premonitory symptom can guide individualized interventions for migraine and elucidate the relationship between cognition and migraine.