bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Training-Performance Puzzle: How Can the Past Inform Future Training Directions?
Authors: Gabbett Tim J.
Published: September 2020

Over the past 20 years, research on the training-load–injury relationship has grown exponentially. With the benefit of more data, our understanding of the training-performance puzzle has improved. What were we thinking 20 years ago, and how has our thinking changed over time?

Although early investigators attributed overuse injuries to excessive training loads, it has become clear that rapid spikes in training load, above what an athlete is accustomed, explain (at least in part) a large proportion of injuries. In this respect, it appears that overuse injuries may arise from athletes being underprepared for the load they are about to perform. However, a question of interest to both athletic trainers (ATs) and researchers is why some athletes sustain injury at low training loads, while others can tolerate much greater training loads? A higher chronic training load and well-developed aerobic fitness and lower body strength appear to moderate the training-injury relationship and provide a protective effect against spikes in load.

The training-performance puzzle is complex and dynamic—at any given time, multiple inputs to injury and performance exist. The challenge facing researchers is obtaining large enough longitudinal data sets to capture the time-varying nature of physiological and musculoskeletal capacities and training-load data to adequately inform injury-prevention efforts. The training-performance puzzle can be solved, but it will take collaboration between researchers and clinicians as well as an understanding that efficacy (ie, how training load affects performance and injury in an idealized or controlled setting) does not equate to effectiveness (ie, how training load affects performance and injury in the real-world setting, where many variables cannot be controlled).
Executive Functions in Relation to Impulsivity Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kocka Andrea , Gagnon Jean
Published: September 2020

Impulsivity is a common and debilitating sequela following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and should be assessed during the rehabilitation process. It is now accepted that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct and such a distinction may help in understanding the mechanisms underlying impulsivity and facilitate assessment. The goal of this study is to examine the link between impulsive behaviors and their underlying mechanisms in a TBI sample. Twenty-five TBI patients and twenty-four matched controls were administered performance tasks measuring prepotent response inhibition, resistance to proactive interference, and decision-making. Group comparisons show weaker performance on measures of inhibition and decision-making by the TBI participants. Finally, performance on the Modified Six Elements Task was associated with impulsive behaviors in everyday life as observed by treating clinicians. This study sheds light on the associations between executive functions and impulsivity in an acute rehabilitation setting.
Experiences with farmers under on farm experimentation in Bundelkhand region of India
Authors: Singh Maharaj , Pathak P. S. , . Shivahdar , Kumar Sunil , Sharma S. K.
Published: September 2020

An investigation on integrating horti-pastoral systems into prevalent farming systems in central India was undertaken by the team of scientists in Bundelkhand region of India. The preference of fruit species was done through matrix ranking by the farmers and experiments conducted at their fields. The study indicated that majority of farmers following mixed farming, growing crops and rearing farm animals for their livelihood. The maize, groundnut, sesame, black gram, sorghum and pearl millet were found mostly grown in kharif season and wheat, gram, lentil in rabi. However, the mono cropping is still in practice in the area. The acute shortage of quality green fodder has been noticed during summer. The fresh stalk and stover of maize, sorghum and pearl millet in kharif, straw of wheat, gram and green fodder of Egyptian clover was found main source of fodder in winter. The survival of animals managed by the farmers but their production level was much below to their potential. Mostly the farmers have large families as well as animals, small holdings and comparatively better literacy. The farmers did not utilize the land earlier for any purpose, now utilizing and producing quality fodder. The production from fruits expected in succeeding years will contribute additional source of income in the years to come and improvements of degraded lands.
Studies on the histomorphology of leaf galls on Alstonia scholaris L. (Apocynaceae) induced by Pauropsylla tuberculata Crawford
Authors: Datta Om P. , Datta S. C.
Published: September 2020

Fifteen pure breeding line of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) were crossed with two tester. Genetic analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis and to estimate component of genetic variation for three qualitative traits. The epistasis was important for all the characters under study except total soluble solid in autumn – winter season. Significant estimate of both additive (D) and dominance (H) component were significant for number of seeds/fruit and number of loculs/ fruit for both the seasons except Total soluble Solids which is significant for additive variance in spring-summer season. The F value positive and significant for Total soluble solids showing isodirectional nature of dominance. Significance of additive component and F parameter showing increasing effect on the character indicating that pedigree selection would be effective for the improvement of such traits.
Genetics of qualitative characters in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.)
Authors: Singh J. P.
Published: September 2020

Fifteen pure breeding line of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) were crossed with two tester. Genetic analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis and to estimate component of genetic variation for three qualitative traits. The epistasis was important for all the characters under study except total soluble solid in autumn – winter season. Significant estimate of both additive (D) and dominance (H) component were significant for number of seeds/fruit and number of loculs/ fruit for both the seasons except Total soluble Solids which is significant for additive variance in spring-summer season. The F value positive and significant for Total soluble solids showing isodirectional nature of dominance. Significance of additive component and F parameter showing increasing effect on the character indicating that pedigree selection would be effective for the improvement of such traits.
Efficacy of Antagonists on mycelium growth and carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Indian mustard
Authors: Gupta Jhilmil
Published: September 2020

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 4 years becomes very difficult to manage the crop from the infection of Sclerotinia rot fungus. Stem rot of indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Cross] caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentially a serious threat in many mustard growing areas in India. Treatments of seeds and foliar spray with of fungicides applied at regular intervals are effective in reducing infection, but uses of chemicals are hazardous, harmful for beneficial micro-organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens offers an exciting opportunity to manage plant diseases. In the present study, the efficacy of four bio-agents, viz., Coniothyrium minitans, Aspergilus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis were evaluated for the control of stem rot of Indian mustard. Results on bio-efficacy of different bioagents, when evaluated under glass house condition, the Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective agent and caused highest reduction (64.7 %) in carpogenic germination of sclerotia followed by Aspergilus nidulans (52.5 %) and Trichoderma harzianum (48.8 %), over control while Pseudomonas chlororaphis (48.3 %) was at par with T. harzianum. All the bioagents showed significant reduction effective in controlling the disease. Similar results were achieved when bioagents tested on dual inoculated plates.
A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests
Authors: Kumar Sanjeet , Kumar Opin , Singh S. P.
Published: September 2020

Sheath Blight, Disease, Rice, Distribution, Systems, Management.
Effect of nutrient management on productivity and economics of soybean
Authors: Bhosale Y. A. , Pacharne D. P.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015 on silty clay loam soil at MPKV, Rahuri (MS), to study the varying nutrient management levels on productivity and economics of different soybean varieties. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 15 combinations of three varieties (KDS-344, JS-9305 and KS-103) and five nutrient management levels ( GRDF, 75% GRDF + 0.5% foliar spray of grade IInd at 30 and 45 DAS, 100% GRDF + 0.5% foliar spray of grade IInd at 30 and 45 DAS, N4: 125% GRDF + 0.5% foliar spray of grade IInd at 30 and 45 DAS and 50:75:30 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1 + 5 tons FYM ha-1. The variety KDS-344 and application of nutrient management dose 125% GRDF + 0.5 Grade IInd foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly the highest growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (cm), number of branches, number root of nodules, number of pod plant-1 and weight of seeds plant-1 (g). The variety KDS-344 recorded highest grain and stover (3.66 and 4.64 t /ha) yield and highest economic indices like cost of cultivation (40,623), net monetary returns (87355) and net returns per rupee invested (3.17). The grain yield (4.34 t/ha) and stover yield (4.53 t/ha) of soybean was significantly higher by application of fertilizer dose of 125% GRDF + 0.5% Grade IInd foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS than rest of treatments, but it was also at par with 75% GRDF + 0.5 Grade IInd foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS and 100% GRDF + 0.5% Grade IInd foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS. Similarly, variety KDS-344 and application of nutrient levels of 75 % GRDF + 0.5 % Grade IInd foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded the highest net returns (82756) and net returns per rupee invested (3.24) in soybean due to reduce in cost of cultivation (36931) and nutrient losses.
Integrated effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributes of Radish cv. Kalyanpur Safed
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Verma Umesh Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Anil
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Janta College Bakewar, Etawah (C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur) during 2013-14, to evaluate the integrated effect of various levels of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributes of Radish cv. Kalyanpur Safed. 10 treatments were taken up along with control. Plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, leaf area at various growth stages increased with increasing levels of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers as compared to control. Length of root, diameters of root, weight of root and leaf, total weight plant-1, yield plot-1, yield q ha-1 were also increasing with increasing levels of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers.
Assessment of some heavy metals concentration in soil and irrigated vegetable (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Mubi Metropolis
Authors: Bake I. D. , Shehu H E. , Dzara H. M.
Published: September 2020

This research work aimed at assessment of some heavy metal concentration (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soil and their uptake by Hibiscus sabdariffa vegetable in irrigation areas, and to ascertain the danger posed from the consumption of these vegetable to human health. Samples were collected from four different locations and analyzed using bulk scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in agricultural soil collected from different sites along river Yadzaram ranged from 8.33 to 15.54 for Fe, 0.051 to 0.227 for Cu, 7.245 to 8.545 for Mn, 0.001 to 0.002 for Ni, 0.474 to 1.744 for Zn, and 0.001 to 0.005 for Pb. Fe concentration in plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa) ranged between 6.50 to 16.42 mg/kg in all four sites of the studied area, Cu values ranged between 0.30 to 0.72 mg/kg. The concentration of Mn in plants ranged from 2.73 to 12.09 mg/kg, Ni concentration in plant samples from four site varied from 0.001 to 0.004 mg/kg, Zn concentration varied from 0.98 to 1.99 mg/kg and Pb range values of 0.00 to 0.007 mg/kg. The contamination/ pollution index of heavy metals calculated for soil revealed that all sites were polluted with Fe at Kwacham, Wuro-gude, Kwachiffa and Sabon Gari site which suggested that it might pose negative effect on plants and soil environments while Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb are below range and will have no negative effect on soil, plant and environments.
Yield and Chemical qualities of Khoa as influenced by type of container used during preparation
Authors: Gupta H. C. L. , Hussain Iqbal , Gupta Devesh , Singh Moj Pal
Published: September 2020

The experiment was conducted to study the suitability of different type of containers used in khoa making. Khoa was prepared by standardized buffalo milk at temperature of 900C in three types of containers likes as stainless steel (S.S.), aluminum and iron. It can be concluded that for getting a good qualities of product, khoa should be prepared in stainless steel and aluminium.
Influence of growth retardant and inorganic fertilizers on vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat)
Authors: Singh Joginder , Kumar Jitendra , Nigam Rashmi , Singh Rajendra , Kumar Anant , Singh Harpal
Published: September 2020

An experimental field vegetative growth parameters observation was recorded on the influence of growth retardant (CCC) and Inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum cv. Birbal Sahni. To investigate the optimum concentrations of Chlormequat chloride (CCC) with three levels C1, C2 and C3 i.e.1000 ppm, 5000 ppm and 10000 ppm and also three increasing levels of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) i.e. NPK1 (100 kg N2 + 60 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O/ha), NPK2 (150 kg N2 +120 kg P2O5 + 80 kg K2O/ha) and NPK3 (200 kg N2 + 180 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O/ha) appreciably improved the vegetative growth of chrysanthemum. Minimum plant height (cm) were recorded at concentration of cycocel C2 (5000 ppm) while, maximum plant height (cm) with amount of NPK3 (200 kg N2 + 180 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O/ha) spread (cm), maximum plant spread (cm), diameter of main stem (cm), number of leaves, number of branches/plant and flower weight/plant (g) were recorded with a beneficially concentration at 5000 ppm of CCC and N3(200 kg N2 + 180 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O/ha) amount of inorganic fertilizers. However, combined application C2+NPK3 of CCC and NPK significantly affected the above characters of chrysanthemum cv. Birbal Sahni.
In silico, Physico-chemical characterization and analysis of Sandalwood proteins
Authors: Amir Asad , Kapoor Neelesh , Kumar Hirdesh , Tariq Mohd. , Siddiqui Mohd. Asif
Published: September 2020

Sandalwood is a commercially and culturally important plant species belonging to the family Santalaceae and the genus Santalum. In Indian sandalwood is renowned for its oil, which is highly rated for its sweet, fragrant, persistent aroma and the fixative property which is highly demanded by the perfume industry. For better production and varieties, requires to understanding the functions of proteins, their analysis and characterization of proteins sequences and their structures, their localizations in cell and their interaction with other functional partner. Due to limited number of in silico studies on sandalwood, in the present study we have performed in silico analysis by characterization of sandalwood proteins. Total 23 proteins were obtained and characterization using UniProtKB, identifying their physico-chemical parameters using ProtParam tool and prediction of their secondary structure elements using GOR of all 23 proteins.
In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)
Authors: Hasmi Safdar Kaiser , Khan R. U.
Published: September 2020

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.
Growth and productivity of Barley (Hordium vulgare L) as affected by sowing methods and nitrogen fertilizer levels
Authors: El-Badry Ola Z. , Gheith El-Sayed M.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.
Rooting behaviour of stem cuttings of Eclipta prostata L. with varying concentrations of different plant hormones
Authors: Kalita S. K. , Singh A. K. , Mishra V. K. , Hasan Wajid
Published: September 2020

Eclipta prostata L. commonly known as Bhringaraj is one of the most valuable and important medicinal herb. The whole plants are used in medicinal and cosmetic industries. But still it is considered as a wild weed due to lack of propagation technique. Vegetative propagation plays an important role for its commercial cultivation. The experiment on “Rooting behavior of stem cuttings of Eclipta prostata L. with varying concentrations of different plant hormones” was laid out under CRD design with 13 treatments and 3 replications at demonstration unit of KVK Tirap, Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh. From this experiment it could be concluded that IBA treated cuttings irrespective of concentration was the best for rooting in Eclipta prostata cuttings under climatic condition of Tirap . The highest percentage of rooting, number of roots, survivability percentage and minimum days to rooting were recorded in IBA 400 ppm, IBA 300 ppm, IBA 100 ppm and IBA 400 ppm treated cuttings respectively.
Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on growth and yield of kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under lateritic soil
Authors: Tilekar R. N. , Chavan V. G. , Kumhar B. L. , Bahure G. K. , Gamme V. N.
Published: September 2020

The present investigation entitled “Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on growth and yield of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under lateritic soil” was conducted at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during kharif season of 2015. The results revealed that, groundnut crop sown in 23rd MW with broad bed furrow method of sowing produced higher growth and yield attributes as compared to other sowing dates and establishment methods respectively. The crop sown in 23rd MW recorded highest kernel (17.25 q ha-1) and haulm (40.25 q ha-1) yield over remaining sowing dates also broad bed furrow method of sowing produced highest kernel (16.81 q ha-1) and haulm (38.86 q ha-1) yield as compared to flatbed method of sowing.
Diversity in Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. isolates and characterization of host response in different oilseed Brassica species
Authors: Devi Geeta , Awasthi R. P. , Tiwari A. K. , Kumar Arvind
Published: September 2020

Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc., a necrotrophic fungus devastating oilseed Brassica crops in India, causes up to 47% reduction in seed yield. So the study is conducting to develop the knowledge about the variability of A. brassicae in terms of cultural, morphological, pathogenic characters and their effects on different Brassica species of rapeseed mustard, for minimizing the losses caused by A. brassicae and help to stabilize the rapeseed mustard production. In variability study, all the isolates showed cultural, morphological variability. Average conidial length was maximum in isolate Ab2 (21.7μ) followed by Ab4 (20.7μ) and minimum in Ab8 (15.6μ). Septation in conidia, both horizontal and vertical also showed variation in different isolates. Finally it was revealed that smallest size of conidia in isolates Ab8 and longest size of conidia in isolates Ab4 were observed. On solid medium, maximum sporulation was observed in Ab7 followed while minimum sporulation recorded in Ab8. On liquid medium, maximum sporulation was observed in Ab7 while minimum sporulation recorded in Ab8. All the isolates showed the variability in qualitative characters i.e. spot colour, presence or absence of central point, concentric rings and yellow halo and as well as in quantitative characters i.e. incubation period and Percent Disease Index.
Study on different diets on the biological parameters of rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kumar Ajay , Singh Rajendra , Singh Joginder , Kumar Ankit , Singh Vijay Pratap
Published: September 2020

The present investigations were undertaken in laboratory on “Study on factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) against storage of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) cards under laboratory conditions” during the year 2018 in the bio-control laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U. P.) India. The effects of different rearing media on some biological parameters of factitious host, C. cephalonica are based on results are most effective performance with T3 (Sorghum + Groundnut + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast), treatments i.e. larval, pupal, male and female moths emergence, and egg production in cc and followed by 17530, 16667, 15131,14875, 13545 and 11830 i.e. T3 (Sorghum + Groundnut + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast), T5 (Sorghum + Soyabeen + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast), T6 (Sorghum + Cowpea + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast), T4 (Sorghum + Gram powder + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast), T2 (Sorghum + Green Gram + Yeast powder, 50:50 +5g Yeast), T1 (Sorghum + Black gram + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast) and T7 (Sorghum alone (check) eggs per cc of Sorghum + Groundnut + Yeast powder, 50:50 + 5g Yeast and wheal), respectively.
Study on drying characteristics of chemical treated slit green chillies under hot air oven
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kumar Vivak , Singh G. R. , Singh B. R. , . Samsher , Singh Jaivir
Published: September 2020

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important commercial crops of India. It is a crop of tropical and subtropical regions and requires a warm humid climate. Chilli is a highly perishable vegetable with a short shelf-life and commonly encounter postharvest problems; to deal such problems, drying was done using hot air oven. Three different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C) use in hot air oven. Before drying chillis were slitted and treated with Butylated Hydroxy Anisole and Potassium Carbonate solution. Overall drying rate increased with temperature in hot air oven. Drying of dipsol green chilli took place in falling rate period. Initial moisture content of the green chilli was an average of 84.20±1 % w. b.
Growth and yield evaluation of gladiolus (Gladiolus gradiflorus L.) cultivars under Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Tomer Shashank , Yadav Dheerendra , Pal Pramod , Singh Joginder
Published: September 2020

The present study based on evolution, growth and flower production purposes of gladiolus. The 18 gladiolus cultivars have been evaluated for growth and flower production purposes at Research Farm, J. V. College, Baraut, U. P., India. The data on growth characters indicated that the cultivar Jasterfold in significantly superior with respect to the plant height (69.70 cm), length of longest leaf (60.25 cm), while maximum number of leaves (20.25) and width of longest leaf (4.00 cm) were recorded with cultivar Picotes and Jasterfold. Among the flower characters recorded the minimum days required for visibility of first spike (65.60), and opening of first flower (71.40 days) under the cultivars Gulai while cultivar Sancere was found to be suitable for producing maximum number of florets (17.15), length of spike (120.25), diameter of flower (13.00 cm). The cultivar of Jester fold had produced maximum no. of suckers (4.6) and maximum length of rachis (50.75 cm) was found with cultivar Red Beauty during the study.
Pathogenecity of Metarhizium anisopliae on Helicoverpa armigera larvae instars
Authors: Taliyan Ankush , Kumar Ajay , Singh Rajendra , Rana Rohit , Rana Shekhar
Published: September 2020

Studies on pathogenicity of M. anisopliae against Ist - VIth instar H. armigera larvae revealed that larval mortality. The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml against Helicoverpa armigera larval instars was significantly higher recorded showed that in the results revealed that all the treatments were significantly larval mortality. The results revealed that all the treatments were significantly higher effective in larval mortality as compared to other larval instars. The data recorded on 4, 6, 8 11 and 14 day after pathogencity of various larval instars in the Ist instar of H. armigera with 1.8 x 109 spores suspension, was the best Ist instars larva H. armigera per cent mortality by M. anisopliae up to (35.63) followed by 73.39 (85.69) (98.37) and (100.0) production was significantly recorded.
Value chain analysis of turmeric subsector in Surkhet district of Nepal
Authors: Chhetri Ganesh Bhat , Devkota Durga , Sharma Banita
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.
Bioefficacy of rhizospheric fungal isolates against wilt and root-rot pathogens of Pea
Authors: Nigam Rashmi S. , Khan R. U. , Singh Reshu , Singh Joginder
Published: September 2020

Pea (Pisum sativum) is an important leguminous crop in many countries including India. Wilt and root rot of pea is an important and widespread disease that often causes significant reduction in the yield and quality of harvested peas throughout the production areas. It is the most important and widespread disease of pea grown in relatively dry and warm area. In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungal isolates namely T. harzianum (Th1, Th2, Th3, Th4 and Th5) was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the rhizospheric fungal isolates evaluated for their antagonistic potential against wilt and root-rot pathogens, exhibited significant effect on radial growth inhibition of pathogens in comparison to control. Among the fungal isolates, Th3 and Th5 of T. harzianum proved to be most effective in reducing the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, R. solani and P. ultimum. It was worthy to note that all rhizospheric fungal isolates visualized an increase in their antagonistic potential over the period of time in subsequent hours of inoculation.
A study on plant nutrition balance, soil fertility and economic returns of investments
Authors: Gayar Attia    El
Published: September 2020

Plant nutrition balance plays a major role in the universal need to increase food production to meet the demands of the growing world population. Fertilizer application resulted in marked crop yield increases, which for most crops were more than hundred. The extent to which fertilizers are used still differs considerably between various regions of the world. Soil nutrient status is widely constrained by the limited use of inorganic and organic fertilizers and by nutrient loss mainly due to erosion and leaching. Many small holder farmers do not have access to synthetic fertilizer because of high price of fertilizers, lack of credit facilities, poor distribution, and other socio-economic factors. Consequently, crop yields are low, in fact decreasing in many areas, and the sustainability of the current farming system is at risk. Therefore, the aim of this review was to review the role of integrated Plant nutrition balance management for improving crop yield and enhancing soil fertility under small holder farmers in dry areas, and recommend the appropriate approaches for enhancing soil fertility and increasing crop yield for small holder farmers in dry and semi-dry areas. These are the key challenges of adoption in the scaling up of such alternative soil fertility management practices to millions of small-scale farmers. There is a need, therefore, for research and extension to sort out issues of adoption and scaling up of the available options. In order to address soil fertility problems, potential synergies can be gained by combining technical options with farmers’ knowledge as well as training of farmers and development agent on new soil fertility management approaches. So, the results of this review showed that, the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improve productivity of crops as well as the fertility status of the soil. The reasons for this are many, which include access or availability of inputs, use of organic resources for other purposes in place of soil fertility, nutrient balancing, collecting, transporting and management of organic inputs and economic returns of investments.
Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Tomar Amit
Published: September 2020

The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.
Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of some Leguminous and Cereal forage crops in El Kadaru Area
Authors: Omer Eltahir A. , Fator Mohammed D. , Marajan Wael A. , M. Ali Esam Eldin
Published: September 2020

Intercropping is not a common practice in forage production in Sudan, in spite of its importance; farmers don’t know the potentiality of this type of cultivation and more experiments needed to adopt this type of cropping system and it is an example of biological interaction. A field experiment was conducted under irrigation for two consecutive seasons during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 in the demonstration farm, college of Animal production, University of Bahri, Sudan to study the effect of intercropping of two leguminous forage crops (clitoria and phillipesara) cultivated with one non leguminous crop (Sorghum). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. Yield of sole crops produced more forage, but the total yield (Over yielding) of the intercropped plants as revealed by land equivalent ratio was higher compared with the individual crops. Clitoria growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) were not significantly affected by intercropping, but there was significant difference in plant population in the two seasons. Intercropping did not significantly affect growth parameters during the two seasons of Phillipesara except plant population and the first reading of plant height. Sorghum showed significant differences in plant population and some readings during the two seasons (the fourth reading of plant height in the first season, the first reading of number of leaves in first season, the fourth reading of stem diameter in the first season and the first reading of stem diameter in the second season).
Analysis of the status of major vegetables in Bajura, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Devashish , Dahal Sagar , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Sijapati Govinda , Jaishi Min Prasad
Published: September 2020

The favourable climatic condition of Nepal has endowed it for cultivation of greater than 50 vegetable crops and making vegetable sector a dominating sector in terms of area and production after cereals. The time series secondary data of major vegetables grown in Bajura district for area (ha), production (MT) and yield (kg/ha) of total 18 years period from 1999/2000 to 2016/17 was extracted from statistical information on Nepalese Agriculture published by MoALD, publications of VDD (Vegetable Development Directorate), Annual Agriculture Development Program and Statistics Book (AADPSB) published by AKC (Agriculture Knowledge Center) Bajura and beyonds. Other reliable sources of information were also scrutinized for extracting secondary data for the completion of research. MK-Test was used for detecting monotonic trend in the time series and simple linear regression was performed to test a linear trend. MS-Excel software was used for statistical analysis and Linear trend analysis model was used for data interpretation using slope and intercept parameters. The result illustrated that the increment in the rate of vegetable production was higher (258.44 MT/year) than cultivated area (24.599 ha/year) throughout the analyzed period (1999/2000 to 2016/17). Concurrently, the yield of major vegetables was also in increasing trend. Similarly, the recent trends (2012/13 to 2016/17) showed that the yield of Cruciferous crops, Solanaceous crops, Malvaceous crops, Umbelliferae crops and Cucurbitaceous crops was in increasing trend with markable fluctuations in cultivated area and production. This research can be a useful tool for horticulturists and other concerned authorities for further research and amelioration of the status of major vegetables in Bajura district.
A study on correlation between independents variables of career opportunities in girl students states agriculture universities in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chaturvedi Swati , Parmar Kshitij , Singh Dan
Published: September 2020

Agriculture universities at present with different branches of agriculture sciences offering under educated programme in various field of specialization. In these institution teaching, research and extension education function are integrated for the mutual benefit of each other. The choice of field of specialization is a crucial decision in the career learner. The choice may depend upon a number of considerations like personal preferences, aptitude, future career plans, family back ground. The degree of awareness about career opportunities as indicated by the respondents. It is clear from the above table the professor/ scientists (67.50%), ranked I, was highly aware by the respondents rest respondents who had other awareness about career opportunity with them were in descending order as Government (60.83%) ranked II, Banking (56.66%) ranked III respectively.
Analysis of hybrid approach for Answering holistic queries in Wireless Sensor
Authors: Bhrugubanda Meenakshi
Published: September 2020

Sensor networks are greatly utilized in unique areas like the transportation methods, wellbeing monitoring, soil monitoring, habitat monitoring and so forth. Clients pose queries to sensors and acquire sensing information. In view of the low quality detecting devices, sensor information is regularly boisterous. Continuous queries are more commonly employed to increase the reliability of query result. On this work we revolve round on regular holistic queries like Median. Present methodologies are for essentially the most phase supposed for non-holistic queries like Average. As a result of the no decomposable property of sensors, answering holistic queries are given much less value. We initially recommend two ways elegant on the information correlation be tween’s two rounds, with one for finding the detailed solutions and the other one for opting for the estimated outcome. We at that factor consolidate the two proposed plans into a hybrid methodology, which is flexible to the information evolving velocity. The effects show that our methodology has reduced the traffic rate even as keeping equal accuracy.
ETKİLİ ÖĞRENME İÇİN POWERPOİNT SUNUMU YETERLİ MİDİR? DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ DERSİNE DÖNÜK DENEYSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KEKLİKÇİ Yasin , KORKMAZ Özgen , ÇAKIR Recep
Published: September 2020

Son yıllarda anaokulundan yükseköğrenime kadar tüm öğretim kademelerinde powerpoint sunumlarından sıklıkla yararlanıldığını söylemek mümkündür. Ancak durağan resim ve metinlerin etkileşim olmaksızın tahtaya yansıtılmasının, öğrenme ortamlarına beklenen katkıyı sağlamayacağı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu öğretim materyallerinin çok sık ve yoğun kullanılmasının olumsuzluklara neden olduğuna ilişkin alan yazında pek çok kanıta rastlamak mümkündür. Bu araştırmanın amacı Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi derslerinde PowerPoint sunumlarına dayalı öğretimin öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, derse dönük tutumları ve PowerPoint’in etkililiğine dair algılarına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 7. sınıfta okuyan öğrencilerden 21’i kontrol ve 21’i deney grubu olmak üzere toplam 42 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, akademik başarı testi, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi Tutum Ölçeği, Öğrencilerin PowerPoint Etkililiğine Dair Algıları Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında deney grubunda öğretim PowerPoint kullanılarak gerçekleştirilirken, kontrol grubunda PowerPoint sunumlarına yer verilmemiştir. Araştırmada bağımsız örneklem ve eşli örneklem t testi kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: PowerPoint ile ders materyallerini anlama ve sınıf içi etkileşim yönünden PowerPoint’in etkililiğine dönük algılarında, akademik başarılarına ve tutumları açısından deney ve kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı, ancak PowerPoint ile ders materyallerinin sunumuna yönelik öğrenci algılarında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
PRINCIPAL PURPOSE TEST IN BRAZILIAN TAX TREATIES
Authors: Bianco João Francisco
Published: September 2020

Action 15 of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project was dedicated to implement concrete solutions for governments to close loopholes in tax treaties that were being used to create opportunities for double non taxation, through the exploit of gaps and mismatches in tax rules by taxpayers.
TRIBUTAÇÃO DOS INSTRUMENTOS FINANCEIROS HÍBRIDOS – DESAFIOS À IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA AÇÃO 2 DO PROJETO BEPS
Authors: Oyamada Bruno Akio
Published: September 2020

Ao longo dos últimos anos, o tema dos instrumentos financeiros híbridos tem recebido especial atenção, tanto na doutrina brasileira quanto na estrangeira, em especial após a OCDE ter dedicado, no âmbito do Projeto BEPS, uma ação específica para tratar dessa matéria, a Ação 2 (Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements). Desse modo, no presente artigo, busca-se analisar as justificativas apresentadas pela OCDE para defender o combate irrestrito às oportunidades de arbitragem fiscal mediante a utilização desses instrumentos financeiros, bem como a compatibilidade das medidas sugeridas no âmbito dessa ação com os princípios e garantias que norteiam a tributação da renda no Brasil. Por fim, analisa-se a viabilidade de serem adotados, para fins fiscais, os padrões contábeis internacionais de classificação desses instrumentos, com vistas a reduzir os cenários de assimetria na sua qualificação pelos Estados.
ACTION 1 DO BEPS, MEDIDAS UNILATERAIS ADOTADAS POR PAÍSES E SEUS IMPACTOS NA TRIBUTAÇÃO DOS NEGÓCIOS DA ECONOMIA DIGITAL
Authors: Dias Felipe Wagner de Lima
Published: September 2020

O artigo visa estudar as medidas que vêm sendo propostas para a tributação da economia digital, trabalhando conceitos já definidos sobre estabelecimento permanente e elementos de conexão. Analisamos as medidas propostas pela OCDE, bem como sua adoção unilateral pelos Estados, avaliando as dificuldades que vislumbramos nessas políticas, sem pretensão de eleger ou propor aquela mais adequada.
Diseño emocional para niños: explorando el marco reflexivo
Authors: Ariza Ampudia Silvia Verónica
Published: September 2020

La experiencia de los usuarios es una de las fuentes principales de información para el diseño de un producto o servicio, esto aplica también para los niños, observar sus emociones y reacciones permite tomar decisiones para diseñar. Sin embargo, los principios que se utilizan para estudiar al usuario y proyectar soluciones para adultos no pueden ser aplicados de igual forma en niños dado que sus necesidades, habilidades y especialmente expectativas, son muy diferentes. En este artículo se exploran algunas recomendaciones a tomar en cuenta cuando se hace investigación con niños, en función de las particularidades de su desarrollo cognitivo y emocional; también se presentarán ejemplos de cómo se trabaja con ellos como usuarios en diferentes partes del proceso de diseño, y la riqueza de entenderlos no sólo como sujetos de estudio sino como informantes, participantes o evaluadores de prototipos.
Emociones específicas en la interacción persona-producto: un método de identificación causal
Authors: Ortiz Nicolás Juan Carlos , Hernández López Irma
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación presenta y valida un método cualitativo para identificar las causas que estimulan emociones particulares en la interacción persona-producto. El desarrollo y la validación del método incluyó un estudio divido en cuatro etapas: 1) Diseño del método, 2) Construcción, 3) Implementación y 4) Validación. El método propuesto considera cinco fases: A. Selección del producto a evaluar, B. Determinación de características de participantes y lugar de evaluación, C. Identificación de las emociones, D. Codificación y análisis, y E. Reporte de resultados. Para implementar el método se evaluaron dos estímulos (alcancía y silla). En la validación se utilizan los mismos estímulos y un método cuantitativo. Este diseño experimental fue establecido para comparar los datos obtenidos. Los resultados indican que el método propuesto es efectivo para identificar las causas que estimularon la reacción emocional en la interacción persona-producto. Identificar las causas que estimulan una emoción es esencial para practicar diseño emocional.
¿El pensamiento de diseño funciona? El caso de los Piesu2 terapéuticos
Authors: Tiburcio García Carmen , Sánchez Vázquez Alejandro
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo plantea el panorama actual del contexto social del ejercicio del diseño, mismo que se ha modificado por el impacto tecnológico, lo que de acuerdo con algunos autores pone en tela de juicio la pertinencia de esta profesión en esta época. Ante ello se expone la emergencia de nuevos enfoques del diseño, principalmente el del Design Thinking, cuestionando si realmente funciona ya que, aunque parece ser un método en boga, cuenta con detractores. Esta discusión culmina con preguntas que proponen la reflexión sobre este modelo. Para abordar dicha reflexión se expone el caso de un proyecto realizado con base en el Design Thinking, se trata de la marca Piesu2 Terapéuticos que se fundamenta en el concepto de la rehabilimaginación acuñado por su autor. Este proyecto propone la resignificación de la rehabilitación motriz desde la percepción de los pacientes infantiles para mejorar su experiencia y alcanzar los objetivos clínicos.
El ajedrez de la Economía Naranja en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Olave Juan Sebastián
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se hace en primera instancia una revisión histórica del surgimiento y transformación de las nociones de industrias culturales y creativas en el contexto europeo, para abordar en segundo lugar, el concepto de Economía Naranja en el caso de Colombia y su alcance como política pública en la gestión de Iván Duque.