bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern methodological approaches to assessing public health risks due to chemicals exposure
Authors:   Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, 10 Pogodinskaya St., build. 1, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation, Rakhmanin Yu.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko St., Mytishchi, 141000, Russian Federation, Dodina N.S. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko St., Mytishchi, 141000, Russian Federation, Alekseeva A.V. ,   Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, 10 Pogodinskaya St., build. 1, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

The methodology for analyzing health risks caused by exposure to chemical pollutants in the environmental has been widely implemented; this creates some new priority challenges to be considered and tackled. The article identifies basic stages in the development of the methodology for assessing health risks caused by environmental pollution in the Russian Federation. Guides on risk analysis as well as some monographs published in Russia describe a strategic role that belongs to health risk analysis in providing sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of the country population. We have analyzed modern trends in the development of the methodology for assessing public health risks caused by exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment. The article generalizes basic approaches recommended in foreign and Russian studies that are applied to increase quality of research in the field, to reduce uncertainties in calculations, as well as to find new ways of health risk quantification. The number of chemicals registered on the global scale over the last 65 years has been estimated. The article also provides generalized information on computerized and information systems (CIS) and databases (DB) that contain data on parameters of assessing health risks caused by various chemical exposures including leading world systems that allow assessing health harm caused by chemical exposure (calculation of an additional number of adverse health outcomes due to chemical exposure etc.). We have also summarized various reasons for underestimating public health risks and described several methodological approaches employed in research that make it possible to minimize underestimation of health hazards and reduce uncertainties of obtained results. The methodology for assessing health risks caused by harmful chemical pollutants in the environment is a complex systemic process. On the one hand, it involves the necessity to provide the maximum possible profound description of complexity of chemical environmental pollution; on the other hand, it should give a more comprehensive insight into possible nature and consequences of adverse effects produced by identified chemicals directly on the human body and indirectly on significant socioeconomic indicators of the society development. The aim of this study was to identify modern methodological approaches applied to assess public health risks due to chemical exposures and ways to reduce uncertainties of research results.
Developing the risk-based model of scheduled sanitary-epidemiologic control of prepared food providers
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, May I.V. , Nikiforova N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Sedusova E.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by a substantial change in the structure of services offered by prepared food providers and a growth in outbreaks of communicable diseases due to violations of the mandatory sanitary-epidemiological requirements by prepared food providers and nutrition units in establishments. The aim of this study was to develop the methodical support for the risk-based model of the sanitary-epidemiological control over economic entities operating as prepared food providers. The study was accomplished following the enquiry of the RF Chief Sanitary Inspector. The general principles of risk calculation and identification of risk categories of an economic activity and production facilities remaining intact, a suggestion is to take a value of a temporary exposure criterion for prepared food providers as equal to 1.0 when determining numbers of exposed population. This is justified since a time of a contact with a potential infectious agent in food is of no significance. In addition to that, the model development entails mandatory consideration of population with risks of negative exposures due to consuming food offered by takeaways. The study results indicate that consideration of takeaway food and correct consideration of people’s contacts with a potentially hazardous infectious agent lead to a substantial increase in levels of health risks. Accordingly, there is a growth in the share of economic entities, which, according to potential risks of health harm for consumers, can be assigned into the categories of ‘extremely high risk’ and / or ‘high risk’ (from 1.3 to 8.2 % and from 1.7 to 32 % accordingly in the Perm oblast and Moscow oblast as two pilot regions).The resulting structure of risk categories economic entities are assigned into is more adequate to the current sanitary-epidemiological situation in the country and provides reliable protection for consumers’ health. The prospects of the model development involve accumulation and science-intense analysis of digital branch and interdepartmental data on the branch functioning, results of control and surveillance activities, and health impairments in population associated with risk factors typical for activities performed by prepared food providers.
Assessing degree of exposure to vibroacoustic occupational factors for mining industry workers in Аrctic zone
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 21 Karatanova St., Krasnoyarsk, 660097, Russian Federation, Fadeev A.G. , Goryaev D.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 21 Karatanova St., Krasnoyarsk, 660097, Russian Federation, Shur P.Z. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Fokin V.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Assessment of occupational health risks for workers with basic mining occupations including those exposed to elevated levels of vibroacoustic factors remains a topical issue. Given that, the aim of this study was to assess degree of exposure to occupational vibroacoustic factors and its effects on mining industry workers in the Arctic zone using occupational risk as a basic criterion. Prior risk assessment relied on results of hygienic assessment of vibroacoustic factors according to data derived by the Special Assessment of Working Conditions (SAWC) and verified by instrumental research. Posterior risk quantification was performed using data on occupational incidence among workers over the last 10 years considering their numbers. Unacceptable prior occupational risks caused by exposure to noise were detected for all analyzed occupations. According to instrumental research, risks levels higher than those identified by SAWC were detected for open face miners and cargo handling machine operators. According to SAWC data, unacceptable prior occupational risks caused by exposure to vibration were identified only for cargo handling machine operators; additional instrumental research identified such levels of occupational risks for them as well but also for blast hole drillers. Occupational risk quantification established that unacceptable (above 1•10-3) levels of occupational risk caused by vibration disease (VD) and sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) were detected in all analyzed occupational groups. The highest risk levels caused by exposure to vibration were identified for such an occupational group as ‘cargo handling machine operators’ and ranked as ‘average’ (1.37•10-2). The highest risk levels caused by exposure to noise were identified for timbermen and were also ranked as ‘average’ (1.32•10-2). Results obtained by quantification of occupational health risks for mining industry workers in the Arctic zone refine results of prior assessment can be applied in planning activities aimed at mitigating health risks for workers caused by exposure to vibroacoustic factors.
Alternaria toxins as a risk factor for population health
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Aksenov I.V. , Sedova I.B. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Chalyy Z.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Tutelyan V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Alternaria toxins are toxic metabolites of mold fungi of the genus Alternaria, which are widespread in nature. The purpose of the review was to characterize Alternaria toxins most frequently found in food products and posing a real threat to public health: alternariol (AOH) and its monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA). The existing toxicological data are insufficient to establish a value of provisional tolerable intake of Alternaria toxins. Based on the chemical structure the daily threshold of toxicological concern was determined: TeA and TEN, 1500 ng/kg b.w.; AOH and AME (taking into account their genotoxicity), 2.5 ng/kg b.w. Currently, the content of Alternaria toxins in food products is not regulated at the national or international levels. Liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry is the most preferred method of identification and quantification of Alternaria toxins. Research results indicate significant contamination with Alternaria toxins of food raw materials and products of their processing (including cereals and oilseeds crops; vegetables and fruits, spices, and baby food). Processing of raw materials contaminated with Alternaria toxins contributes, as a rule, to reducing their content in the ready-to-eat product, but does not allow for complete elimination of toxins. Children of the first three years of life are a population group under the greatest exposure to Alternaria toxins. At the same time, an intake of Alternaria toxins with a diet may exceed the threshold of toxicological concern and pose a real threat to health. The data presented in the review characterize Alternaria toxins as a significant risk factor for public health. To manage the corresponding risk, including through hygienic regulation, it is necessary to conduct additional research on the content of priority Alternaria toxins (AOH, AME, TeA, TEN, ALT) in food products, as well as clarify dose-dependent effects of their toxic action in order to minimize any possible adverse effects of Alternaria toxins on public health in the Russian Federation.
Genetic risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis
Authors:   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov St., Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Amromina A.M. , Shaikhova D.R. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov St., Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Bereza I.A. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov St., Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Occupational contact dermatitis is an important current occupational health problem with serious economic and social consequences. Among possible risk factors for this disease, researchers pay attention to genetic predisposition. Identification of polymorphisms associated with the occupational pathology will allow specialists to establish risk groups, carry out timely preventive measures, and adjust treatment, guided by a personalized medicine approach. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studying genetic risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis. Three researchers did an independent search in the PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka databases and further analysis of scientific literature on genetic predisposition to occupational dermatitis published in 1990 to 2023. Of 88 papers analyzed, 32 articles were included in this review. We established that genetic risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis were usually studied in metallurgical workers with a focus on potential candidate genes among skin barrier function-related genes, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, and xenobiotic metabolism and biotransformation genes. The most compelling evidence for the use of genetic polymorphisms as risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis has been demonstrated for the filaggrin (FLG) gene, which is involved in maintaining the skin barrier, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is involved in protecting the body and cells from inflammation and apoptosis. However, the data available are insufficient to use genetic polymorphisms as risk factors for occupational skin diseases. Further studies that take into account the mechanism of interaction of different genes during the development of occupational contact dermatitis are required.
Specific Impact of Digital Transformation in Economy on Bank Strategy Administration
Authors: Anisimov A. Yu. , Plakhotnikova M. A. , Suslova M. A. , Skryabin O. O.
Published: January 2024

Strategy administration is an essential link in the outline of credit organization management, its optimality impacts the efficiency of bank functioning on target markets in general and its competitiveness in particular. Economy digitalization acts as an external macro-factor in respect of the bank and its management system and the influence of this factor is quite strong. These circumstances cause the necessity to adapt strategies of the bank development to new conditions.

   The goal of the research is to assess macro-environment of the Russian bank sector.

   The following methods were used in the research: comparative analysis, statistic analysis, benchmarking, classification and ranging and PEST-analysis.

   The research identified stages of strategic transformation of the banking system under the influence of digitalization and showed the impact of digital transformation in economy on bank strategy administration. The authors came to the conclusion that innovation strategy included in corporate strategy of the bank assumes a high degree of using advanced information technologies, detailed monitoring of market of digital solutions for the bank and maximum automation of banking business processes.
Magnetic Nanomaterials for Sample Preparation of Disease-related
Biomarkers
Authors: Hamidi Samin , Siahi-Shadbad Mohammadreza , Taghvimi Arezou , Kurbanoglu Sevinc
Published: January 2024

Measuring clinically relevant biomarkers is critical for disease screening, diagnosis,
and therapeutic monitoring. However, analyzing trace biomarkers in complex biological fluids
remains challenging. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) has recently emerged as a promising sample preparation approach due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to selectively isolate
biomarkers. Databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically
searched for studies on MSPE for clinical biomarkers. Key findings on nanomaterial synthesis
strategies, surface modifications, and applications in biomarker isolation were synthesized. Recent research demonstrates magnetic nanoparticles with tailored surface chemistry can selectively extract biomarkers like cancer antigens, neurotransmitters, and pharmaceuticals from matrices
such as plasma, urine, and serum. MSPE enables clinically relevant limits of detection, high recovery, and purification in a rapid and simple workflow. This technique shows significant potential to improve clinical diagnostics. Further research on novel magnetic materials and surface
functionalization is warranted. This review provides insights for researchers aiming to develop
MSPE methods for sensitive and selective analysis of clinical biomarkers.
Application of Carbon-based Nano Adsorbents in the Extraction of
Amphetamines from Urine Samples
Authors: Taghvimi Arezou , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Hamidi Samin , Kurbanoglu Sevinc , Khoshkbar Sadigh Anis , Javadzadeh Yousef
Published: January 2024

Amphetamines, as psychoactive drugs, are extensively abused in society and cause
serious mental and physical disorders among young people. Furthermore, the extremely euphoric
and excited sense of stimulant consumption leads to dramatic social problems. Determination of
various analytes and related metabolites in the complex biological matrices at trace levels has
made sample preparation an indispensable part of forensic sciences. According to the problems
above, providing high sensitivity, solving some analytical problems like matrix effects in LCMS-MS, and needing a cleaner extract are remarkable aspects of novel sample preparation methods in drug analysis. Application of nanotechnology and carbon-based nanocomposites seems to
bring the above properties in developed and novel sample preparation methods. This review will
try to provide an overview of different carbonic nano adsorbents used in sample preparation
methods of amphetamines and discuss their superiority over the other nanomaterials.
A Comprehensive Review on Polyphenols based Nanovesicular System for Topical Delivery
Authors: Singh Anshu , Fatima Zeeshan , Srivastava Dipti
Published: January 2024

Background:

Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds having more than one hydroxy
functional group. They are ubiquitous secondary plant metabolites possessing a wide range of
pharmacological activity. Brightly colored fruits and vegetables are the natural source of polyphenols.
Majorly, they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties which make them
suitable candidates to target skin related disorders.

Objective:

This study is focused to explore the potential of polyphenols loaded nanovesicles for skin
related disorders. The aim of the study is to review the applicability and efficacy of different vesicular
systems encapsulated with various classes of polyphenols for skin related disorders, thus opening the
opportunity for future studies based on these drug delivery systems.

Methods:

Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus database, and the search engine Google Scholar were
accessed for the literature search. The results were then filtered based on the titles, abstracts, and
accessibility of the complete texts.

Results:

The expository evaluation of the literature revealed that various nanovesicles like liposomes,
niosomes, ethosomes and transferosomes incorporating polyphenol have been formulated to address
issues pertaining to delivery across the skin. These developed nano vesicular systems have shown
improvement in the physicochemical properties and pharmacological action.

Conclusion:

Polyphenol based nano-vesicular formulations have proved to be an effective system for
topical delivery and henceforth, they might curtail the use of other skin therapies having limited applicability.
Bone Metabolism in Men who Live with HIV Aged 50 years and Over:
Impact of Infection Duration
Authors: Caglar Bilge , Durcan Emre , Karaali Ridvan , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Kaya Sibel Yildiz , Yavuzer Hakan , Konukoglu Dildar , Aygun Gokhan , Saltoglu Nese , Bulut Iclal Nur , Sonmezoglu Kerim , Kadioglu Pinar , Mete Bilgul , Tabak Omer Fehmi
Published: January 2024

Background:

Early diagnosis and effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) lead to similar
life expectancy in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to the general population. This population
faces problems such as decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in men aged 50 years and
over who were PLWH and to determine risk factors and changes in bone metabolism with bone
turnover markers.

Methods:

79 male PLWH aged 50 years and over were followed up in our outpatient clinic between
May 2021 and October 2021. The patients’ demographic, clinical, laboratory, and DEXA
data were analyzed. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were measured.

Results:

The prevalence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and normal BMD was found to be 55.7%,
13.9%, and 30.4%, respectively. A correlation was found between low BMD and low body mass
index, elapsed time since diagnosis of HIV infection, high rate of use of ART, and long usage
time of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + protease inhibitor. A one-year increase in HIV infection
duration was associated with an increased risk of low BMD by 1.246.

Conclusion:

Compared to studies conducted on the general population, the prevalence of osteoporosis
in male PLWH aged 50 years and older was two times higher. The limited effect of the duration
of ART use on low BMD may be due to the patients' histories of replacement therapy.
Therefore, to eliminate the negative effects of ART on BMD, it may be beneficial to start replacement
therapy when necessary.
Finerenone: A Novel Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney
Disease
Authors: Rana Akshita , Sahu Jagdish K.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is diabetic
nephropathy (DN). Primarily mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) (spironolactone and eplerenone),
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were used for
the treatment of CKD, but due to the high risk of hyperkalaemia, the combination was infrequently
used. Currently after approval by FDA in 2021, finerenone was found to be effective in the treatment
of CKD. Finerenone slowdowns the progression of diabetic nephropathy and lessens the cardiovascular
morbidity in DN patients.

Objective:

The main objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive and insightful
overview of the role of finerenone by mainly focusing on its pharmacological properties, toxicity,
uses, bioanalytical technique used for determination, and treatment options.

Materials and Method:

Finerenone works by inhibiting the action of the mineralocorticoid receptor.
Finerenone is quickly absorbed from the digestive tract after oral treatment and achieves peak plasma
concentrations in 1-2 hours.

Result:

Finerenone is actively metabolized through oxidation, epoxidation substitution, and direct
hydroxylation. Elimination of finerenone is done through urine and feces. Determination of finerenone
can be done through HPLC-MS and LSC.

Conclusion:

The present review covers the complete picture of ADME properties, bioanalytical techniques,
clinical trials, toxicity, and possible avenues in this arena. Finerenone is effective compared
to other mineralocorticoid receptor-like spironolactone and eplerenone, for the treatment of chronic
kidney disease.
The Role of Triglycerides in Atherosclerosis: Recent Pathophysiologic
Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Akivis Yonatan , Alkaissi Hussam , McFarlane Samy I. , Bukharovich Inna
Published: January 2024

Triglycerides have long been recognized as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. However,
their precise role in atherosclerosis and potential utility as a therapeutic target remains debated
topics. This review aims to shed light on these aspects by exploring the complex relationship
between triglycerides and atherosclerosis from pathophysiological and pharmacological
perspectives.

:

Triglycerides, primarily carried by chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins, play an essential
role in energy storage and utilization. Dysregulation of triglyceride homeostasis and triglyceride-
rich lipoproteins metabolism often leads to hypertriglyceridemia and subsequently increases
atherosclerosis risk. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins remnants interact with arterial wall
endothelial cells, get retained in the subendothelial space, and elicit inflammatory responses,
thereby accelerating atherogenesis.

:

Despite the clear association between high triglyceride levels and increased cardiovascular disease
risk, intervention trials targeting triglyceride reduction have produced mixed results. We
discuss a range of triglyceride-lowering agents, from fibrates to omega-3 fatty acids, with a focus
on their mechanism of action, efficacy, and major clinical trial outcomes. Notably, the role
of newer agents, such as angiopoietin-like protein 3 and apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors, is also explored.

:

We highlight the challenges and controversies, including the ongoing debate on the causal role
of triglyceride in atherosclerosis and the discordant outcomes of recent clinical trials. The potential
confounding effects of associated risk factors, such as elevated apolipoprotein B, insulin resistance,
and metabolic syndrome, are considered.

:

In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to understanding
the role of triglycerides in atherosclerosis and their potential as a therapeutic target. Further research
is needed to unravel the complex interplay between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins,
and associated factors in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and refine triglyceride-targeted
therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Doxorubicin Drug
Release Properties of Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic Acid/Maleic
Acid)-Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogel
Authors: Akkaya Birnur , Akkaya Recep
Published: January 2024

Background:

Hydroxyapatite and its derivatives have been used for a lot of applications.
One of them is drug release studies. Due to its low adhesion strength and lack of the strength and
durability required for load-carrying applications, there is a need to improve the properties of hydroxyapatite.
For this aim, the most important factors are increasing pH sensitivity and preventing
coagulation. Mixing it with multifunctional polymers is the best solution.

Objectives:

The main objectives are: 1- preparing poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid/maleic acid)-
hydroxyapatite (PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt), 2- assessment of (PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt) and
dox-loaded poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid/maleic acid) (Dox-(PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt)) composite
hydrogels, and 3- elucidating the difference in behavior of drug release studies between hydroxyapatite
(HApt) and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid/maleic acid) composite hydrogels.

Methods:

A composite of PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt was prepared by direct polymerization of
acrylamide-co-acrylic acid/maleic acid in a suspension of HApt. The drug loading and release features
of PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt and HApt were then investigated for doxorubicin (dox) release.
Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), this unique composite hydrogel has
been physicochemically investigated. Also, a colorimetric assay was used to assess the in vitro
biocompatible support and anticancer activity of HApt and the newly developed composite hydrogel
XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay.

Results:

According to the results of drug release studies of this new material, it is pH sensitive, and
PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt demonstrated a faster release than HApt at 37°C in the acidic solution
of pH 4.5 than in the neutral solution of pH 7.4. The XTT assay outcomes also demonstrated the
biocompatibility of PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt and HApt and the cytotoxic effect of dox-loaded
PAm-co-PAA/PMA–HApt.

Conclusion:

It should be inferred that the drug release profile was improved at pH 4.5 by the newly
produced pH-sensitive composite hydrogel.
Recent Advances in Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as
Antiviral Agents
Authors: Kanupriya  , Mittal Ravi Kumar , Sharma Vikram , Biswas Tanya , Mishra Isha
Published: January 2024

This study aims to provide a thorough analysis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, focusing
on their therapeutic implications for the development of targeted and effective antiviral
drugs.

:

To better understand how nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be used to create antiviral drugs,
this review adopts a systematic literature review strategy to compile and analyze pertinent research
studies. It combines information from various fields to understand better the compounds' mode of
action and their therapeutic potential.

:

This review paper summarizes data from multiple sources to highlight the promising potential of
heterocycles containing nitrogen as promising possibilities for future antiviral treatments. The capacity
to engage selectively and modulate critical pathways bodes well for their use in developing
new viral therapies.

:

In conclusion, nitrogen-containing heterocycles are shown to be of utmost importance in the field
of medicinal chemistry, as emphasized by the review paper. It emphasizes the central importance of
chemical insights and pharmacological potential in developing novel and effective antiviral medicines
by bringing them together.
FMDVSerPred: A Novel Computational Solution for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Classification and Serotype Prediction Prevalent in Asia Using VP1 Nucleotide Sequence Data
Authors: Das Samarendra , Pal Soumen , Mahapatra Samyak , Biswal Jitendra K. , Pradhan Sukanta K. , Sahoo Aditya P. , Singh Rabindra Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background:

Three serotypes of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus have been circulating
in Asia, which are commonly identified by serological assays. Such tests are timeconsuming
and also need a bio-containment facility for execution. To the best of our knowledge,
no computational solution is available in the literature to predict the FMD virus serotypes. Thus,
this necessitates the urgent need for user-friendly tools for FMD virus serotyping.

Methods:

We presented a computational solution based on a machine-learning model for FMD
virus classification and serotype prediction. Besides, various data pre-processing techniques are
implemented in the approach for better model prediction. We used sequence data of 2509 FMD
virus isolates reported from India and seven other Asian FMD-endemic countries for model training,
testing, and validation. We also studied the utility of the developed computational solution in
a wet lab setup through collecting and sequencing of 12 virus isolates reported in India. Here, the
computational solution is implemented in two user-friendly tools, i.e., online web-prediction server
(https://nifmd-bbf.icar.gov.in/FMDVSerPred) and R statistical software package
(https://github.com/sam-dfmd/FMDVSerPred).

Results:

The random forest machine learning model is implemented in the computational solution,
as it outperformed seven other machine learning models when evaluated on ten test and independent
datasets. Furthermore, the developed computational solution provided validation accuracies
of up to 99.87% on test data, up to 98.64%, and 90.24% on independent data reported from
Asian countries, including India and its seven neighboring countries, respectively. In addition, our
approach was successfully used for predicting serotypes of field FMD virus isolates reported from
various parts of India.

Conclusion:

The high-throughput sequencing combined with machine learning offers a promising
solution to FMD virus serotyping.
Standardization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ziziphus mauritiana Extract for Sedative and Anticonvulsant Activity in Mice and Rat
Authors: Siddique Nadim , Ved Akash , Shukla Karuna Shanker , Nigam Amit Kumar
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Ziziphus mauritiana, sometimes called Indian jujube or Ber, belongs
to the Rhamnaceae group of plants. The aqueous and ethanolic Ziziphus mauritiana formulations
were shown to have analgesic, antipyretic, potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-emetic
properties.

Aim & Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the sedative and anticonvulsant activities of Ziziphus mauritiana extract by governing 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally

Material and Methods:

The leaves are extracted with ethanol and lukewarm water with a soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. After that acute extract toxicity study was performed and then locomotor activity, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and anticonvulsant activity were per-formed with the extract.

Results:

Oral administration of extract at dosages of 200 & 400 mg/kg was employed after an immediate toxicity test. At a dosage of 400 mg/kg, the number of locomotions was reduced significantly lengthened the period of time spent sleeping and there was showed a dosage-de-pendent reduction in all phases of an epileptic episode.

Conclusion:

In this study, the extract reduced locomotor activity, however, it had a superior profile for an antiepileptic action than phenytoin since it decreased locomotor activity to a lesser level. The considerable increase in pentobarbitone sleep hours with the extracts at a higher dose supported the sedative action of Z. mauritiana.
Purple Carrot Extract Exhibits a Neuroprotective Profile in th e
Nigrostriatal Pathway in the Reserpine-induced Model of Parkinson ’s
Disease
Authors: Custódio-Silva Ana Claudia , Beserra-Filho Jose Ivo Araújo , Soares-Silva Beatriz , Maria-Macêdo Amanda , Silva-Martins Suellen , Silva Sara Pereira , Santos José Ronaldo , Silva Regina Helena , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Ribeiro Alessandra Mussi
Published: January 2024

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Even with scientific and technological advances, the therapeutic approaches used for the treatment
of PD have shown to be largely ineffective in controlling the progression of symptoms in
the long term. There is a growing demand for the development of novel therapeutic strategies
for PD treatment. Different herbs and supplements have been considered as adjuvant to treat the
symptoms of Parkinsonism. The carrot is one of the most consumed vegetable species worldwide,
and its root is known for its content of anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory
properties. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of purple carrot extract
(CAR) in rats on the reserpine (RES)-induced progressive parkinsonism model.

Methods:

Male rats (6-month-old) received orally the CAR (400 mg/kg) or vehicle and subcutaneously
RES (0.01 mg/kg) or vehicle for 28 days (Preventive Phase). From the 29th day, rats
received CAR or vehicle daily and RES (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle every other day (for 23 days,
Protective phase). Behavioral tests were conducted throughout the treatment. Upon completion,
the animals’ brain were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical assessment.

Results:

Our results showed that the chronic treatment of CAR protected against motor disabilities,
reducing the time of catalepsy behavior and decreasing the frequency of oral movements,
possibly by preserving TH levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc.

Conclusion:

CAR extract is effective to attenuate motor symptoms in rats associated with increased
TH+ levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc, indicating the potential
nutraceutical benefits of CAR extract in a progressive parkinsonism model induced by RES.
Antihypertensive and ACE-2 Inhibitory Effects of Daphne gnidium in Rats
Authors: Bouadid Ismail , Qabouche Adil , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Aims:

The antihypertensive activity of Daphne gnidium was tested.

Background:

Daphne gnidium (Thymelaeaceae) is used against hypertension.

Objective:

The antihypertensive effect of Daphne gnidium was evaluated in this study.

Methods:

The effect of Daphne gnidium aqueous extract (DGAE, 100 and 180 mg/kg) on blood
pressure was evaluated in rats. In addition, the vasorelaxant effect of this extract was also tested.

Results:

DGAE lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats and exhibited vasorelaxant activity.
In addition, cumulative concentrations of DGAE induced vasodilatation through receptoractivated
calcium channels (ROCCs) without affecting ACE-2.

Conclusion:

The aqueous extract of Daphne gnidium exhibits antihypertensive activity and induces
vasodilatation via the inhibition of Ca2+ entry.
Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance in Nosocomial
Infections, A Review and Update
Authors: Bakhtiyari Nasim , Farajnia Safar , Ghasemali Samaneh , Farajnia Sahar , Pormohammad Ali , Saeidvafa Shabnam
Published: January 2024

Nosocomial infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections, are a significant
global concern due to their strong association with high mortality and morbidity in both
developed and developing countries. These infections are caused by a variety of pathogens,
particularly the ESKAPE group of bacteria, which includes the six pathogens Enterococcus
faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. These bacteria have demonstrated noteworthy resistance
to different antibiotics.

:

Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can manifest in various forms, including restricting drug
uptake, modifying drug targets, inactivating drugs, active drug efflux, and biofilm formation.
Accordingly, various strategies have been developed to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
These strategies encompass the development of new antibiotics, the utilization of bacteriophages
that specifically target these bacteria, antimicrobial combination therapy and the use of
peptides or enzymes that target the genomes or essential proteins of resistant bacteria.

:

Among promising approaches to overcome antibiotic resistance, the CRISPR/Cas system
stands out and offers many advantages. This system enables precise and efficient editing of
genetic material at specific locations in the genome. Functioning as a bacterial "adaptive immune
system," the CRISPR/Cas system recognizes, degrades, and remembers foreign DNA
sequences through the use of spacer DNA segments that are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs
(crRNA).

:

This paper has focused on nosocomial infections, specifically the pathogens involved in hospital
infections, the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance, and the strategies currently employed
to address this issue. Special emphasis has been placed on the application of
CRISPR/Cas technology for overcoming antimicrobial resistance.
Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies
Authors: Kashyap Sahil , Kamboj Rohit , Kamboj Shikha , Guarve Kumar , Kamboj Sweta
Published: January 2024

Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases.
Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential
as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe,
and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates
the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its
immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary
plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses
against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases
like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and
acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like
being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery
systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient
vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory
challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem
surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges
need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of
biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds
great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the
potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential
alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host
plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different
regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.
Development and Overview of Space Docking Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Zi-Qi , Wang Yi-Bing
Published: January 2024

This patent paper provides an overview of representative patents related to space docking
mechanisms in terms of structural and functional optimization. The working principle and characteristics
are explained. By comparing different types of space docking mechanisms, we summarized the
main problems of the current space docking mechanism and proposed some improvements. They
include electromagnetic docking, modularization and standardization, together with the use of advanced
design optimization algorithms and intelligent drive technology.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Children Under Five
Years of Age Presented with Acute Diarrhoea: Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary
Care Centre in South India
Authors: Thattil Santhosh J. , Ajith Thekkuttuparambil A.
Published: January 2024

Aim:

The study aimed to analyze the prevalence and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from stool sample cultures collected from children below five years of age who were presented with acute diarrhoea in a tertiary care centre.

Background:

Multidrug-resistant strains of diarrheagenic E. coliremain a major public health concern for greater morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility patterns of E. coli were found to vary with geographical location.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from cultures of diarrhoea stool samples collected from children below five years of age from laboratory records.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the report on stool culture of children (aged below five years) presented with acute diarrhea during the period between 2017 and 2020. The prevalence of E. coli and its antibiogram were analyzed. The data were subjected to statis-tical analysis.

Results:

A total of 245 diarrhoea stool samples results were analyzed. E. coli was confirmed in 176 samples (72%). More number of isolates (51/176, 28.9%) were found in children below one year of age with male dominance. Amoxicillin resistance was found in all the E. coli strains isolated with no significant difference (p=0.2233) between genders and age groups below and above one year. A significant difference (p=0.0001) was found between male and female chil-dren of age below and above one year for cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistance. Polymyxin B (72%) followed by imipenem (69%) sensitivity was exhibited by the isolated E. coli strains.

Conclusion:

E. coli isolates were more sensitive to polymyxin B and imipenem while they were most resistant to amoxicillin. Effective antibiotic treatment strategies should be developed to control E. coli infections in children.
The Know-how of Polymeric Nanocarrier Based Vaginal Drug Delivery
System: Pitfalls, Challenges and Trends
Authors: Kanojiya Pranita , Wadetwar Rita , Karemore Megha , Prasad Satyendra
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Gynecological health is a global concern, and thus, the formulator researcher
strives to improve the quality of life through innovative feminine pharmaceutical formulations. Vaginal
delivery appears to be one of the vital strategies for local and systemic action of the therapeutically
active agent. The rich vascular network, mucosal permeability, bypass of hepatic first-pass effect,
and low enzymatic activity are the exclusive advantages of the vaginal route. But certain hindrances
truncate the vaginal route, such as physiological factors including lower pH, self-cleansing
mucus with constant secretion, and varying thickness of mucus layer due to menstrual cycle and microbiota.

Significance of Review:

This present review envisages the advances in the polymeric nanocarriers
in the delivery to the vaginal route. Polymeric (mucoadhesive and PEGylated, etc.) nanocarriers
have been recently utilized for drug delivery purposes. The modernized analysis of the updated advancements
in the polymeric nanocarrier-based vaginal drug delivery system with the budding development
is compiled in the present review.

Result:

The literature search reveals that the novel polymeric nanocarrier design strategies currently
being proposed to perk up the delivery of customary drugs through the vaginal route prove effective.

Conclusion:

Polymeric nanocarrier for vaginal delivery has provided better therapeutic efficacy due
to higher drug residence, improved permeation, and sustained release of the active therapeutic agent.
The polymeric nanocarriers can deliver various proteins, peptides, nuclear materials, hormones, etc.,
vaginally that are difficult for administration.