bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and Epidermal Barrier Function Evaluation of Common Antiseptics for Clinical Use in an Artificial Autologous Skin Model
Authors: Quiñones-Vico María I. , Fernández-González Ana , Pérez-Castejón Elena , Montero-Vílchez Trinidad , Arias-Santiago Salvador
Published: February 2021

Bioengineered artificial skin substitutes (BASS) are the main treatment used in addition to autografts when skin injuries involve a large body surface area. Antiseptic/antibiotic treatment is necessary to prevent infections in the BASS implant area. This study aims to evaluate the effect of antiseptics and antibiotics on cell viability, structural integrity, and epidermal barrier function in BASS based on hyaluronic acid during a 28 day follow-up period. Keratinocytes (KTs) and dermal fibroblasts (DFs) were isolated from skin samples and used to establish BASS. The following antibiotic/antiseptic treatment was applied every 48 h: colistin (1%), chlorhexidine digluconate (1%), sodium chloride (0.02%), and polyhexanide (0.1%). Cell viability (LIVE/DEAD® assay), structural integrity (histological evaluation), and epidermal barrier function (trans-epidermal water loss, (TEWL), Tewameter®) were also evaluated. Cell viability percentage of BASS treated with chlorhexidine digluconate was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) than the other antiseptics at day 28. Compared to other treatments, chlorhexidine digluconate and polyhexanide significantly affected the epithelium. No significant differences were found regarding epidermal barrier. These results may be useful for treatment protocols after implantation of BASS in patients and evaluating them in clinical practice. BASS represent a suitable model to test in vitro the impact of different treatments of other skin wounds.
Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts
Authors: Giorgione Veronica , Briffa Corey , Di Fabrizio Carolina , Bhate Rohan , Khalil Asma
Published: February 2021

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.
Bland Embolization of Benign Liver Tumors: Review of the Literature and a Single Center Experience
Authors: Crawford Daniel , Naidu Sailen , Patel Indravadan , Knuttinen Grace , Alzubaidi Sadeer , Oklu Rahmi
Published: February 2021

Transarterial embolization has shown promise as a safe, effective, and less invasive treatment modality for benign liver lesions (hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hepatic adenoma (HA)) with fewer complications compared to surgical intervention. There is no consensus regarding the most appropriate embolization material(s) for the treatment of benign liver tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature regarding the transarterial embolization of benign liver tumors and to share our single center experience. This was a non-blinded, retrospective, single-institution review of the bland embolization of benign liver tumors. Clinical data and imaging before and after embolization were used to evaluate lesion response to transarterial embolization. Twelve patients were included in the study. Five patients with six hemangiomas were treated. Pain was a presenting complaint in all five of these patients. The median change in tumor volume was −12.4% and ranged from −30.1% to +42.3%. One patient with two FNH lesions was treated, and both lesion volumes decreased by more than 50%. Six patients with 10 adenomas were treated. Pain was a presenting complaint in three patients, and five patients had a lesion >5 cm. The median change in tumor volume was −67.0% and ranged from −92.9% to +65.8%. Bland transarterial embolization of liver hemangiomas, FNH, and HA can be an effective and minimally invasive treatment modality to control the size and/or symptoms of these lesions. There is a variable response depending on tumor type and the embolization materials used.
Washout and Awakening Times after Inhaled Sedation of Critically Ill Patients: Desflurane Versus Isoflurane
Authors: Daume Philipp , Weis Johannes , Bomberg Hagen , Bellgardt Martin , Volk Thomas , Groesdonk Heinrich V. , Meiser Andreas
Published: February 2021

In recent years, inhaled sedation has been increasingly used in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this prospective, controlled trial was to compare washout and awakening times after long term sedation with desflurane and isoflurane both administered with the Mirus™ system (TIM GmbH, Koblenz, Germany). Twenty-one consecutive critically ill patients were alternately allocated to the two study groups, obtaining inhaled sedation with either desflurane or isoflurane. After 24 h study sedation, anesthetic washout curves were recorded, and a standardized wake-up test was performed. The primary outcome measure was the time required to decrease the endtidal concentration to 50% (T50%). Secondary outcome measures were T80% and awakening times (all extremities moved, RASS −2). Decrement times (min) (desflurane versus isoflurane, median (1st quartile—3rd quartile)) (T50%: 0.3 (0.3–0.4) vs. 1.3 (0.4–2.3), log-rank test P = 0.002; P80%: 2.5 (2–5.9) vs. 12.1 (5.1–20.2), P = 0.022) and awakening times (to RASS −2: 7.5 (5.5–8.8) vs. 41.0 (24.5–43.0), P = 0.007; all extremities moved: 5.0 (4.0–8.5) vs. 13.0 (8.0–41.25), P = 0.037) were significantly shorter after desflurane compared to isoflurane. The use of desflurane with the Mirus™ system significantly shortens the washout times and leads to faster awakening after sedation of critically ill patients.
Predicting the Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Resection of Primary Liver Tumors
Authors: Haber Philipp K. , Maier Christoph , Kästner Anika , Feldbrügge Linda , Ortiz Galindo Santiago Andres , Geisel Dominik , Fehrenbach Uli , Biebl Matthias , Krenzien Felix , Benzing Christian , Schöning Wenzel , Pratschke Johann , Schmelzle Moritz
Published: February 2021

Minimal-invasive techniques are increasingly applied in clinical practice and have contributed towards improving postoperative outcomes. While comparing favorably with open surgery in terms of safety, the occurrence of severe complications remains a grave concern. To date, no objective predictive system has been established to guide clinicians in estimating complication risks as the relative contribution of general patient health, liver function and surgical parameters remain unclear. Here, we perform a single-center analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection for primary hepatic malignancies since 2010. Among the 210 patients identified, 32 developed major complications. Several independent predictors were identified through a multivariate analysis, defining a preoperative model: diabetes, history of previous hepatectomy, surgical approach, alanine aminotransferase levels and lesion entity. The addition of operative time and whether conversion was required significantly improved predictions and were thus incorporated into the postoperative model. Both models were able to identify patients with major complications with acceptable performance (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for a preoperative model = 0.77 vs. postoperative model = 0.80). Internal validation was performed and confirmed the discriminatory ability of the models. An easily accessible online tool was deployed in order to estimate probabilities of severe complication without the need for manual calculation.
Is There Pathological Uniformity between the Periphery and Center of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor?
Authors: Choi Seong Ji , Lee Kwan Hong , Yoo Chan Kyoo , Yoon Jai Hoon , Jang Ki Seok , Kim Youn Jeong , Lee Hang Lak
Published: February 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors and have some malignant potential. Mitotic count is important for predicting the malignant potential of GISTs. Proper treatment of GISTs requires accurate pathological diagnosis. In general, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and deep biopsy are used for pathological diagnosis of GIST before making decisions about surgery. This study sought to evaluate the pathological uniformity of gastric GISTs for mitotic index of the center and periphery of the GIST. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 37 gastric GIST patients who underwent wedge resection at Hanyang University Hospital. We used Armed Forces Institute of Pathology criteria to classify gastric GISTs. To determine the pathological uniformity of gastric GISTs, we compared GIST risk stratification between the center and periphery of GISTs. Results: The mean size of GISTs was 3.56 ± 2.10 cm. Three lesions were located in the antrum, 11 in the fundus, 9 in the cardia, and 14 in the body. The mean age of patients was 58.65 ± 9.44 years; 18 patients were male and 19 were female. Thirty-five patients (94.6%) showed the same level of risk stratification between the center and periphery of gastric GISTs, while two patients (5.4%) presented different levels of risk between the two sites. No significant difference in mitotic count was observed between the two sites (kappa value = 0.863; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Mitotic index category (either more than five mitoses per high-power field or five or fewer mitoses per high-power field) of GISTs showed good concurrence between the center and periphery.
Effects of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Countermovement Jump and Squat Performance Speed in Male Soccer Players: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gallego-Sendarrubias Gracia María , Arias-Buría José Luis , Úbeda-D’Ocasar Edurne , Hervás-Pérez Juan Pablo , Rubio-Palomino Manuel Antonio , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio
Published: February 2021

It has been suggested that Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) can increase muscle strength. No previous study has investigated changes in performance in semiprofessional soccer players. This study compares the effects of adding two sessions of PENS to a training program versus the single training program over sport performance attributes (e.g., jump height and squat speed) in healthy soccer players. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted on twenty-three semiprofessional soccer players who were randomized into an experimental (PENS + training program) or control (single training program) group. The training program consisted of endurance and strength exercises separated by 15-min recovery period, three times/week. The experimental group received two single sessions of PENS one-week apart. Flight time and vertical jump height during the countermovement jump and squat performance speed were assessed before and after each session, and 30 days after the last session. Male soccer players receiving the PENS intervention before the training session experienced greater increases in the flight time, and therefore, in vertical jump height, after both sessions, but not one month after than those who did not receive the PENS intervention (F = 4.289, p = 0.003, η 2 p: 0.170). Similarly, soccer players receiving the PENS intervention experienced a greater increase in the squat performance speed after the second session, but not after the first session or one month after (F = 7.947, p < 0.001, η 2 p: 0.275). Adding two sessions of ultrasound-guided PENS before a training strength program improves countermovement jump and squat performance speed in soccer players.
Improvement of Arterial Stiffness One Month after Bariatric Surgery and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Oliveras Anna , Galceran Isabel , Goday Albert , Vázquez Susana , Sans Laia , Riera Marta , Benaiges David , Pascual Julio
Published: February 2021

Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to analyze changes (Δ) in AS 1-month post-bariatric surgery (BS) and search for possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients with severe obesity (43% hypertensives) were prospectively evaluated before and 1-month post-BS, with AS assessed by pulse-wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75) and pulse pressure (PP). Ambulatory 24 h blood pressure (BP), anthropometric data, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components and several adipokines and inflammatory markers were also analyzed. Overall reduction in body weight was mean (interquartile range (IQR)) = 11.0% (9.6–13.1). A decrease in PWV, AIx@75 and PP was observed 1-month post-BS (all, p < 0.01). There were also significant Δ in BP, RAAS components, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers. Multiple linear regression adjusted models showed that Δaldosterone was an independent variable (B coeff.95%CI) for final PWV (B = −0.003, −0.005 to 0.000; p = 0.022). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/ACE2 and ACE were independent variables for final AIx@75 (B = 0.036, 0.005 to 0.066; p = 0.024) and PP (B = 0.010, 0.003 to 0.017; p = 0.01), respectively. There was no correlation between ΔAS and anthropometric changes nor with Δ of adipokines or inflammatory markers except high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Patients with PWV below median decreased PWV (mean, 95%CI = −0.18, −0.25 to −0.10; p < 0.001) and both AIx@75 and PP at 1-month, but not those with PWV above median. In conclusion, there is an improvement in AS 1-month post-BS that correlates with ΔBP and Δrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone components. The benefit is reduced in those with higher PWV.
Use of Phil Embolic Agent for Bleeding in Non-Neurological Interventions
Authors: Lucatelli Pierleone , Corona Mario , Teodoli Leonardo , Nardis Piergiorgio , Cannavale Alessandro , Rocco Bianca , Trobiani Claudio , Cipollari Stefano , Zilahi de Gyurgyokai Simone , Bezzi Mario , Catalano Carlo
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Phil liquid embolic agent in non-neurological embolization procedures. M&M: Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 62.5 years underwent percutaneous embolization using Phil for the treatment of visceral arterial bleedings in 20/35 patients (including three gluteal, one bladder, two superior mesenteric, three epigastric, one deep femoral, five internal iliac, four intercostal, and one lingual arteries), splanchnic pseudoaneurysms in 11/35 patients (including three hepatic, five splenic, and three renal arteries), pancreatic bleeding metastasis in 1/35 patient, and gastric bleeding varices in 3/35 patients. Phil is composed of a non-adhesive copolymer dissolved in DMSO (Anhydrous Dimethyl Sulfoxide) with different viscosity. Procedures were performed slowly under continuous fluoroscopic guidance to avoid embolization of non-target vessels. Results: Clinical success was obtained with a single intervention in 34 cases (97.15%), while a repeated procedure was required in one case (2.85%). No technical complications nor non-target embolization occurred. A case of post-embolic syndrome was noted (2.85%) in one patient. DMSO administration-related pain was successfully controlled by medical therapy. Conclusion: Phil can be considered a safe and effective embolic agent for the treatment of non-neurologic bleeding.
Usefulness of Cone-Beam CT-Based Liver Perfusion Mapping for Evaluating the Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Choi Sun Young , Kim Kyung Ah , Choi Woosun , Kwon Yohan , Cho Soo Buem
Published: February 2021

We investigated the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based-liver-perfusion-mapping usefulness during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to access treatment response and predict outcomes. From October 2016 to September 2018, 42 patients with HCCs scheduled for conventional TACE were prospectively enrolled. Three reviewers evaluated the unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CBCT and CBCT-based-liver-perfusion-mapping of each tumor. Parenchymal blood volume (PBV) was measured. The operator’s judgment on the technical results was recorded. Response outcome was determined on follow-up CT or magnetic resonance imaging, according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Diagnostic performance for detection of a viable tumor was evaluated using multiple logistic regression with C-statistics. CBCT-based-liver-perfusion-mapping and the maximum PBV of the tumor were significant in multiple logistic regression analysis of response (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0448, respectively), with C-statistics of 0.9540 and 0.7484, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of operator’s judgment was 79.66% (95%CI 69.39%–89.93%). Diagnostic performance of CBCT-based-liver-perfusion-mapping showed a high concordance in three reviewers. The mean PBV of tumor, maximum PBV of tumor, and mean PBV of liver significantly decreased after TACE (each p < 0.001). In ROC curve analysis, the AUC for prediction of residual tumor by the maximum PBV of tumor after TACE was 0.7523, with 80.8% sensitivity and 60.6% specificity.
Gut Microbiota and the Quality of Oral Anticoagulation in Vitamin K Antagonists Users: A Review of Potential Implications
Authors: Camelo-Castillo Anny , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Orenes-Piñero Esteban , Ramírez-Macías Inmaculada , Roldán Vanessa , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marín Francisco
Published: February 2021

The efficacy and safety of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as oral anticoagulants (OACs) depend on the quality of anticoagulation control, as reflected by the mean time in therapeutic range (TTR). Several factors may be involved in poor TTR such as comorbidities, high inter-individual variability, interacting drugs, and non-adherence. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, but the effect of the GM on anticoagulation control with VKAs is unknown. In the present review article, we propose different mechanisms by which the GM could have an impact on the quality of anticoagulation control in patients taking VKA therapy. We suggest that the potential effects of GM may be mediated first, by an indirect effect of metabolites produced by GM in the availability of VKAs drugs; second, by an effect of vitamin K-producing bacteria; and finally, by the structural modification of the molecules of VKAs. Future research will help confirm these hypotheses and may suggest profiles of bacterial signatures or microbial metabolites, to be used as biomarkers to predict the quality of anticoagulation. This could lead to the design of intervention strategies modulating gut microbiota, for example, by using probiotics.
Impact of Advanced HIV Disease on Quality of Life and Mortality in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Portilla-Tamarit Julia , Reus Sergio , Portilla Irene , Fuster Ruiz-de-Apodaca María José , Portilla Joaquín
Published: February 2021

Currently, AIDS or severe immunodeficiency remains as a challenge for people with HIV (PWHIV) and healthcare providers. Our purpose was to analyze the impact of advanced HIV disease (AHD) on mortality, life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We reviewed cohort studies and meta-analyses conducted in middle- and high-income countries. To analyze HRQoL, we selected studies that reported overall health and/or physical/mental health scores on a validated HRQoL instrument. AIDS diagnosis supposes a higher risk of mortality during the first six months, remaining higher for 48 months. It has been reported that cancer and cardiovascular disease persist as frequent causes of mortality in PWHIV, especially those with previous or current AHD. PWHIV who initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with CD4 < 200 cells/µL have significantly lower estimated life expectancy than those with higher counts. AHD is associated with lower HRQoL, and a worse physical health or mental health status. AIDS and non-AIDS defining events are significant predictors of a lower HRQoL, especially physical health status. AHD survivors are in risk of mortality and serious comorbidities, needing special clinical attention and preventive programs for associated comorbidities. Their specific needs should be reflected in HIV guidelines.
Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Tomaras Stylianos , Goetzke Carl Christoph , Kallinich Tilmann , Feist Eugen
Published: February 2021

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AoSD) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by arthritis, spiking fever, skin rash and elevated ferritin levels. The reason behind the nomenclature of this condition is that AoSD shares certain symptoms with Still’s disease in children, currently named systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Immune dysregulation plays a central role in AoSD and is characterized by pathogenic involvement of both arms of the immune system. Furthermore, the past two decades have seen a large body of immunological research on cytokines, which has attributed to both a better understanding of AoSD and revolutionary advances in treatment. Additionally, recent studies have introduced a new approach by grouping patients with AoSD into only two phenotypes: one with predominantly systemic features and one with a chronic articular disease course. Diagnosis presupposes an extensive diagnostic workup to rule out infections and malignancies. The severe end of the spectrum of this disease is secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, better known as macrophage activation syndrome. In this review, we discuss current research conducted on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, biomarkers and complications of AoSD, as well as the treatment strategy at each stage of the disease course. We also highlight the similarities and differences between AoSD and systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There is a considerable need for large multicentric prospective trials.
Dielectric Constant Enhancement with Low Dielectric Loss Growth in Graphene Oxide/Mica/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Lee Chao-Yu , Chang Chia-Wei
Published: February 2021

Polypropylene has been widely used as dielectric material in organic thin-film capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss and self-healing capability. However, polypropylene’s energy density is relatively low. Increasing the energy density of polypropylene by adding materials with a high dielectric constant is commonly used. Still, it often leads to an increase in dielectric loss, lower dielectric strength and other shortcomings. In this study, a thin 2D platelet of mica/graphene oxide composite material was made from exfoliated mica as a substrate and attached by graphene oxide. The mica/graphene oxide platelets were added to polypropylene to make a plastic dielectric composite. The non-conductive flat inorganic additive can increase the dielectric constant and dielectric strength of the composite without increasing dielectric loss. The tiny mica/graphene oxide platelets can significantly improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene. The results show that by adding a small amount (less than 1 wt%) mica/graphene oxide, the relative dielectric constant of polypropylene can increase to more than 3.7 without causing an increase in dielectric loss and the dielectric strength of polypropylene can also enhance.
Resolution of the Hypoxylon fuscum Complex (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) and Discovery and Biological Characterization of Two of Its Prominent Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Lambert Christopher , Pourmoghaddam Mohammad Javad , Cedeño-Sanchez Marjorie , Surup Frank , Khodaparast Seyed Akbar , Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard , Voglmayr Hermann , Stradal Theresia E. B. , Stadler Marc
Published: February 2021

Hypoxylon, a large, cosmopolitan genus of Ascomycota is in the focus of our current poly-thetic taxonomic studies, and served as an excellent source for bioactive secondary metabolites at the same time. The present work concerns a survey of the Hypoxylon fuscum species complex based on specimens from Iran and Europe by morphological studies and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and diode array detection (HPLC-MS-DAD). Apart from known chemotaxonomic markers like binaphthalene tetrol (BNT) and daldinin F, two unprece-dented molecules were detected and subsequently isolated to purity by semi preparative HPLC. Their structures were established by nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as 3′-malonyl-daldinin F (6) and pseudofuscochalasin A (4). The new daldinin derivative 6 showed weak cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells but bactericidal activity. The new cytochalasin 4 was compared to cytochalasin C in an actin disruption assay using fluorescence microscopy of human osteo-sarcoma U2OS cells, revealing comparable activity towards F-actin but being irreversible compared to cytochalasin C. Concurrently, a multilocus molecular phylogeny based on ribosomal and proteinogenic nucleotide sequences of Hypoxylon species resulted in a well-supported clade for H. fuscum and its allies. From a comparison of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, we introduce the new species H. eurasiaticum and H. pseudofuscum.
Evaluation of Three Commercial PCR Assays for the Detection of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus from Respiratory Samples of Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Scharmann Ulrike , Kirchhoff Lisa , Hain Andrea , Buer Jan , Koldehoff Michael , Steinmann Joerg , Rath Peter-Michael
Published: February 2021

This is the first study comparing three commercially available PCR assays for the detection of Aspergillus DNA from respiratory specimen of immunocompromised patients and the presence of cyp51A gene mutations. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs, N = 103) from patients with haematological/oncological underlying diseases were retrospectively investigated. The performance of three PCR assays, namely MycoGENIE®Aspergillus fumigatus Real-Time PCR Kit (Adamtech), Fungiplex®Aspergillus Azole-R IVD Real-Time PCR Kit (Bruker Daltonik GmbH) and AsperGenius® (PathoNostics B.V.), were evaluated. All patients were categorised following current EORTC/MSG criteria, with exclusion of the PCR-results. From the 11 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) probable samples, eight were detected with MycoGENIE®, resulting in a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 73%. Furthermore, Fungiplex® resulted in six positive BALs with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 91% and AsperGenius® in seven positive BAL samples, with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 97%. No proven IPA was detected. One isolate showed phenotypically an azole-resistance, which was also detected in each of the tested PCR assays with the mutation in TR34. The here tested PCR assays were capable of reliably detecting A. fumigatus DNA, as well as differentiation of the common cyp51A gene mutations. However, evaluation on the AsperGenius® assay revealed a low risk of false positive results.
Base Excision Repair AP-Endonucleases-Like Genes Modulate DNA Damage Response and Virulence of the Human Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Oliveira Rayssa Karla de Medeiros , Hurtado Fabián Andrés , Gomes Pedro Henrique , Puglia Luiza Lassi , Ferreira Fernanda Fonsêca , Ranjan Kunal , Albuquerque Patrícia , Poças-Fonseca Márcio José , Silva-Pereira Ildinete , Fernandes Larissa
Published: February 2021

Pathogenic microbes are exposed to a number of potential DNA-damaging stimuli during interaction with the host immune system. Microbial survival in this situation depends on a fine balance between the maintenance of DNA integrity and the adaptability provided by mutations. In this study, we investigated the association of the DNA repair response with the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycete that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. We focused on the characterization of C. neoformansAPN1 and APN2 putative genes, aiming to evaluate a possible role of the predicted Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases 1 and 2 of the base excision repair (BER) pathway on C. neoformans response to stress conditions and virulence. Our results demonstrated the involvement of the putative AP-endonucleases Apn1 and Apn2 in the cellular response to DNA damage induced by alkylation and by UV radiation, in melanin production, in tolerance to drugs and in virulence of C. neoformans in vivo. We also pointed out the potential use of DNA repair inhibitor methoxy-amine in combination with conventional antifungal drugs, for the development of new therapeutic approaches against this human fungal pathogen. This work provides new information about the DNA damage response of the highly important pathogenic fungus C. neoformans.
Day-Night and Inter-Habitat Variations in Ant Assemblages in a Mosaic Agroforestry Landscape
Authors: Frizzi Filippo , Tucci Lorenzo , Ottonetti Lorenzo , Masoni Alberto , Santini Giacomo
Published: February 2021

Throughout the Mediterranean basin, the long-term interaction between human activities and natural processes has led to the formation of unique ecosystems whose biodiversity may be higher than that of the “original” systems. This is particularly true in the case of transformations of continuous stretches of closed forest into a complex mosaic of open and closed habitat over the course of centuries. In this study, we assessed the variation in diversity of ant assemblages in a typical patchy landscape, sampling ants in the three most important constituting habitats: olive plantation, harvested forest, and mature forest. In the study we used two different sampling methods—pitfall traps and observation at baits—which provided information on species presence at different temporal scales. The three habitats displayed different species assemblages, and considerable variation in species composition was observed at different times of the day, particularly in the harvested forest. Functional group analysis showed that the olive plantation, although the most artificial habitat, displayed the highest number of functional groups, suggesting a wider spectrum of available ecological niches for ant species within this habitat type. Overall, it was concluded that each of the three habitats contributes to enhance diversity at the landscape scale, which is greater than that expected from a more homogeneous habitat composition.
Contribution of Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy to Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Blair M. Jean , Gagnon Bruno , Klain Andrew , Kulišić Biljana
Published: February 2021

This work evaluates the relationships between bioenergy and related biomass supply chains and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using Nilsson et al. (2016) seven-point scoring framework, the relationships between biomass supply for bioenergy and the SDGs were evaluated based on existing synthesis papers, modeling studies and empirical analyses, and expert knowledge. To complement this, contributions to SDG targets of 37 best practice case studies from around the world were documented. In reviewing these case studies, it was found that when supply chains are implemented appropriately and integrated with existing systems, they can have overwhelmingly positive contributions. Beyond directly contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), at least half of all case studies supported progress toward SDGs 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption); however, the ways in which supply chains contributed often differed. Agricultural biomass supply chains (energy crops and residues) were most likely to contribute to SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger) and 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), while waste and forest supply chains were most likely to contribute to SDG 15 (Life on Land). The development of bioenergy systems in rural and indigenous communities also indirectly supports societal SDGs such as SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Inequality), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). This work informs how SDGs can be used as a normative framework to guide the implementation of sustainable biomass supply chains, whether it is used for bioenergy or the broader bioeconomy. Recommendations for key stakeholders and topics for future work are also proposed.
Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers Created by Proton Implantation in a Diamond
Authors: Mrózek Mariusz , Schabikowski Mateusz , Mitura-Nowak Marzena , Lekki Janusz , Marszałek Marta , Wojciechowski Adam M. , Gawlik Wojciech
Published: February 2021

We present an experimental study of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation of ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in a diamond monocrystal prepared by 1.8 MeV proton implantation. The focused proton beam was used to introduce vacancies at a 20 µµm depth layer. Applied doses were in the range of 1.5×1013 to 1.5×1017 ions/cm2. The samples were subsequently annealed in vacuum which resulted in a migration of vacancies and their association with the nitrogen present in the diamond matrix. The proton implantation technique proved versatile to control production of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in thin films.
Plasmonic Nanocomposite Implants for Interstitial Thermotherapy: Experimental and Computational Analysis
Authors: Konku-Asase Yvonne Kafui , Kan-Dapaah Kwabena
Published: February 2021

The ferromagnetic implant (thermoseeds) technique offers desirable features for interstitial thermotherapy. However, its efficacy has been reported to be limited by issues that are related to the properties of the metal alloys that are used to fabricate them and the high number of thermoseeds needed to achieve therapeutic temperature levels. Here, we present the results of a combination of experimental and computational analysis of plasmonic nanocomposite implants (photoseeds)—a combination of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)—as a model material. We performed structural and optical characterization of the Au NPs and repared Au-PDMS nanocomposites, followed by an elucidation of the heat generation capabilities of the Au-PDMS photoseeds in aqueous solution and in-vitro cancer cell suspension. Based on the experimental results, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) model to predict in-vivo thermal damage profiles in breast tissue. The optical absorbance of the Au-PDMS photoseeds were increasing with the concentration of Au NPs. The photothermal measurements and the in-vivo predictions showed that the photothermal properties of the photoseeds, characteristics of the laser sources, and the duration of heating can be tuned to achieve therapeutic temperature levels under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Collectively, the results demonstrate the feasibility of using photoseeds for interstitial thermotherapy.
How Surface Properties of Silica Nanoparticles Influence Structural, Microstructural and Biological Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Zych Łukasz , Osyczka Anna Maria , Łacz Agnieszka , Różycka Agnieszka , Niemiec Wiktor , Rapacz-Kmita Alicja , Dzierzkowska Ewa , Stodolak-Zych Ewa
Published: February 2021

The aim of this work was to study effect of the type of silica nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites for application in the guided bone regeneration (GBR). Two types of nanometric silica particles with different size, morphology and specific surface area (SSA) i.e., high specific surface silica (hss-SiO2) and low specific surface silica (lss-SiO2), were used as nano-fillers for a resorbable polymer matrix: poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide), called PLDLA. It was shown that higher surface specific area and morphology (including pore size distribution) recorded for hss-SiO2 influences chemical activity of the nanoparticle; in addition, hydroxyl groups appeared on the surface. The nanoparticle with 10 times lower specific surface area (lss-SiO2) characterized lower chemical action. In addition, a lack of hydroxyl groups on the surface obstructed apatite nucleation (reduced zeta potential in comparison to hss-SiO2), where an apatite layer appeared already after 48 h of incubation in the simulated body fluid (SBF), and no significant changes in crystallinity of PLDLA/lss-SiO2 nanocomposite material in comparison to neat PLDLA foil were observed. The presence and type of inorganic particles in the PLDLA matrix influenced various physicochemical properties such as the wettability, and the roughness parameter note for PLDLA/lss-SiO2 increased. The results of biological investigation show that the bioactive nanocomposites with hss-SiO2 may stimulate osteoblast and fibroblast cells’proliferation and secretion of collagen type I. Additionally, both nanocomposites with the nanometric silica inducted differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts at a proliferation stage in in vitro conditions. A higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed on the material modified with hss-SiO2 silica.
Olive Stones as Filler for Polymer-Based Composites: A Review
Authors: Valvez Sara , Maceiras Alberto , Santos Paulo , Reis Paulo N. B.
Published: February 2021

Olives’ consumption produces copious agricultural byproducts that have accompanied humanity for millennia, but the increasing worldwide production complicates its management. Most wastes are generated during olive oil production in form of olive stones and other lignocellulosic derivatives. Industrial processes of chemical or physical nature to recover economically compounds from biomass residues are costly, difficult, and non-environmentally friendly. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biopolymers are the principal components of olive stones, which present interesting qualities as lignocellulosic fillers in polymeric composites. This review will summarize examples of composites based on thermoplastic polymers, such as polystyrene (PS), polylactide (PLA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polycaprolactone (PCL); thermosetting resins (phenol-formaldehyde, unsaturated polyesters, and epoxy) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/devulcanized waste rubber (NBR/DWR) blends focusing on the fabrication procedures, characterization, and possible applications. Finally, thanks to the wide disparity in polymer matrix types, the variability in applications is important, from adsorption to mechanical enhancement, showing the easiness and benefit of olive stone integration in many materials.
Water Influence on the Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Coated Glass Fiber Fabric
Authors: Asadi Hastia , Uhlemann Joerg , Stranghoener Natalie , Ulbricht Mathias
Published: February 2021

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated glass fiber fabrics are used for long-lasting membrane structures due to their outstanding mechanical properties, chemical stabilities, and satisfying service life. During their operation time, different environmental impacts might influence their performance, especially regarding the mechanical properties. In this contribution, the impact of water on the tensile strength deterioration was assessed experimentally, providing evidence of considerable but partially reversible loss of strength by up to 20% among the various types of investigated industrially established fabrics.
Effect of Binders on the Crushing Strength of Ferro-Coke
Authors: Xu Runsheng , Deng Shuliang , Wang Wei , Zheng Heng , Chen Shaopeng , Huang Xiaoming , Wang Fangfang
Published: February 2021

Ferro-coke, as a new burden of blast furnace (BF), can not only greatly reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission, but also promote the resource utilization by using the low-quality iron ore and low-grade coal. However, the strength of ferro-coke decreased with the increasing amount of iron ore powder. In order to maintain the strength of ferro-coke while increasing the amount of iron ore powder, it is necessary to add binder during the coking process to enhance the strength of ferro-coke. In this paper, phenolic resin, silicon metal powder, corn starch, and coal tar pitch were used as binder for the fabrication of ferro-coke. I-type drum machine (I 600), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to test the crushing strength, morphology, and microcrystalline structure of the ferro-coke. The results showed that the increasing amount of iron ore powder resulted in lower crushing strength, higher porosity, and the worse macroscopic morphology of ferro-coke. When the amount of iron ore powder reached 40%, obvious cracks appeared on the surface of ferro-coke. When the amount of iron ore was 30%, the crushing strength of ferro-coke dropped to 18.15%. Among the four binders, coal tar pitch could significantly enhance the cold crushing strength of ferro-coke through decreasing the porosity of ferro-coke and improving the bonding effect between carbon matrix particles. In the case of the 10% coal tar pitch addition, the cold crushing strength of ferro-coke was increased from 18.15% to 76.41%; meanwhile, its hot compression strength during gasification improved by 100N.
Correlation between Microstructure and Hydrogen Degradation of 690 MPa Grade Marine Engineering Steel
Authors: Ma Heng , Tian Huiyun , Xin Juncheng , Cui Zhongyu
Published: February 2021

Electrochemical H charging, hydrogen permeation, and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior of 690 MPa grade steel substrate and different heat-treatment states (annealed, quenched, normalized, tempered) are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), hydrogen permeation, electrochemical H charging, and slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT). The results show that hydrogen diffuses through the steel with the highest rate in base metal and the lowest rate in annealed steel. The hydrogen-induced cracks in base metal show obvious step shape with tiny cracks near the main crack. The cracks of annealed steel are mainly distributed along pearlite. The crack propagation of quenched steel is mainly transgranular, while the hydrogen-induced crack propagation of tempered steel is along the prior austenite grain boundary. HIC sensitivity of base metal is the lowest due to its fine homogeneous grain structure, small hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and small hydrogen diffusion rate. There are many hydrogen traps in annealed steel, such as the two-phase interface which provides accommodation sites for H atoms and increases the HIC susceptibility.
A Review on the Adaption of Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels for 3D Cultures and Bioprinting
Authors: Łabowska Magdalena B. , Cierluk Karolina , Jankowska Agnieszka M. , Kulbacka Julita , Detyna Jerzy , Michalak Izabela
Published: February 2021

Sustaining the vital functions of cells outside the organism requires strictly defined parameters. In order to ensure their optimal growth and development, it is necessary to provide a range of nutrients and regulators. Hydrogels are excellent materials for 3D in vitro cell cultures. Their ability to retain large amounts of liquid, as well as their biocompatibility, soft structures, and mechanical properties similar to these of living tissues, provide appropriate microenvironments that mimic extracellular matrix functions. The wide range of natural and synthetic polymeric materials, as well as the simplicity of their physico-chemical modification, allow the mechanical properties to be adjusted for different requirements. Sodium alginate-based hydrogel is a frequently used material for cell culture. The lack of cell-interactive properties makes this polysaccharide the most often applied in combination with other materials, including gelatin. The combination of both materials increases their biological activity and improves their material properties, making this combination a frequently used material in 3D printing technology. The use of hydrogels as inks in 3D printing allows the accurate manufacturing of scaffolds with complex shapes and geometries. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the materials used for 3D cell cultures, which are mainly alginate–gelatin hydrogels, including their properties and potential applications.
Effect of PCE on Properties of MMA-Based Repair Material for Concrete
Authors: Han Jian , Xu Lingling , Feng Tao , Shi Xin , Zhang Pan
Published: February 2021

Methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based repair material for concrete has the characteristics of low viscosity, excellent mechanical properties, and good durability. However, its application is limited due to its large shrinkage. Existing studies have shown that adding perchloroethylene can reduce the shrinkage. On this basis, other properties of modified MMA-based repair materials were tested and analyzed in the present study. The results revealed that the addition of perchloroethylene (PCE) can hinder the polymerization reaction of the system. When CaCO3 with a mass fraction of 30% was added, the viscosity of the material was within the range of 450–500 mPa·s, and the shrinkage decreased to approximately 10%. The bending strength of MMA, and MMA modified by PCE, repair materials at 28 days could reach up to 28.38 MPa and 29.15 MPa, respectively. After the addition of HS-770 light stabilizer with a mass fraction of 0.4%, the retention ratios of the bending strength of materials with ratios of P0 and P3 could reach 91.11% and 89.94%, respectively, after 1440 h of ultraviolet radiation. The retention ratio of the bending strength of the material could reach more than 95% after immersion in different ionic solutions for 90 days.