bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new insight into the restriction of Cr(VI) removal performance of activated carbon under neutral pH condition
Authors: Fang Yi , Yang Ke , Zhang Yipeng , Peng Changsheng , Robledo-Cabrera Aurora , López-Valdivieso Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Activated carbon has been widely used to remove hazardous Cr(VI); however, the impact of Cr2O3 precipitate on gradually declining removal ability as pH increases has received little attention. Herein, to investigate the effect of Cr2O3, SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis) coupling elements mapping of chromium-loaded powdered activated carbon (PAC) revealed that a chromium layer was formed on the PAC exterior after being treated with Cr(VI) at pH 7. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) study confirmed that 69.93% and 39.91% Cr2O3 precipitated on the PAC surface at pH 7 and pH 3, respectively, corresponding to 17.77 mg/g and 20 mg/g removal capacity. Exhausted PAC had a removal efficiency of 92.43% after Cr2O3 being washed by H2SO4 solution, which was much higher than the removal efficiency of 51.27 % after NaOH washing. This further verified that the intrinsically developed Cr2O3 precipitate on PAC under neutral conditions limited the durability of PAC as an adsorbent. Consecutive elution assessments confirmed that adsorption and reduction ability both declined as pH increased. Raman spectroscopy and C 1s spectra of materials demonstrated two distinct Cr(VI) removal mechanisms under pH 3 and pH 7. In conclusion, the exhausted AC after Cr(VI) adsorption can be rejuvenated after the surface coated Cr2O3 is washed by the acid solution, which can expand the longevity of AC and recover Cr(III).
Efficient removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions using sodium hydroxide-modified avocado shells: kinetics and isotherms modeling
Authors: Ait Haki Mohamed , Imgharn Abdelaziz , Aarab Nouh , Hsini Abdelghani , Essekri Abdelillah , Laabd Mohamed , El Jazouli Habiba , Elamine Maria , Lakhmiri Rajae , Albourine Abdallah
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this study is to optimize a new composite for the depollution of contaminated water. The sodium hydroxide-modified avocado shells (NaOH-AS) were firstly prepared, characterized by field-emission-scanning-electron-microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and applied for efficient removal of crystal violet dye (CV) in wastewater. In addition, the adsorption in a batch system of CV dye on the NaOH-AS material was studied. Therefore, we accomplished a parametric study of the adsorption by studying the effect of several important parameters on the decolorizing power of the used material, namely, initial pH, contact time, initial CV dye concentration, temperature, and the ionic strength effect on the CV dye adsorption process were systematically assessed. The highest adsorption efficiency of CV dye (>96.9%) by NaOH-AS was obtained at pH >8. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best description of the adsorption kinetic of CV dye on the AS and NaOH-AS adsorbents. In addition, the mass transfer of CV dye molecules from the solution to the adsorbent surface occurred in three sequential stages (boundary layer diffusion, intraparticle diffusion and adsorption equilibrium). The adsorption isotherm data were best fitted with the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of AS increased from 135.88 to 179.80 mg g−1 after treatment by 1 M NaOH. The thermodynamic study showed that CV dye adsorption onto NaOH-AS was an exothermic and feasible process. The electrostatic interactions acted as the only forces governing the CV adsorption mechanism. The NaOH-AS demonstrated a satisfactory reusability. Therefore, we can state that the as-developed NaOH-AS material has a potential application prospect as an efficient adsorbent for CV dye from wastewaters.
Okul Öncesi Sınıflarda Öğrenme Merkezlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ORÇAN KAÇAN Maide , DEDEOĞLU Neslihan , KARAYOL Seda , KİMZAN İlayda
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitim sınıflarındaki öğrenme merkezlerini öğretmen görüşleri yoluyla incelenmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Muğla ili Menteşe ilçesinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı ilkokullar bünyesindeki altı anasınıfı ile iki bağımsız anaokulunda görev yapan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 38 okul öncesi eğitim öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak öğretmen ve sınıf özelliklerine ilişkin genel bilgiler Genel Bilgi Formu ve öğretmenlerin öğrenme merkezlerine ilişkin görüşlerini incelemek amacıyla Öğrenme Merkezi Değerlendirme Öğretmen Formu (yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda elde edilen verilerin analizinde; frekans ve yüzde dağılımları kullanılmıştır. Frekans ve yüzdelere ek olarak bulguları desteklemek amacıyla öğretmen görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sınıflarda en çok yer verilen öğrenme merkezlerinin blok, müzik, kitap, dramatik oyun ve fen merkezi olduğu bunun yanı sıra öğretmenlerin büyük çoğunluğunun geçici öğrenme merkezlerini kullanmadıkları görülmüştür. Çocukların öğrenme merkezi tercihlerinin cinsiyete göre değişiklik gösterdiği ve pek çok öğretmenin de merkezlerin oluşturulması ve düzenlenmesi konusunda aileyi ve çocukları sürece dahil etmeyi tercih etmedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, elde edilen bulgulardan yola çıkılarak öğrenme merkezlerinin daha etkin kullanımına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Mühendisliğin STEM Eğitimine Entegrasyonunda Kuramsal Bir İnceleme
Authors: OKULU Hasan Zühtü , OGUZ UNVER Ayse
Published: October 2021

STEM eğitimi, farklı disiplinlerin bütünleştirilerek öğretimini konu alır. Bu bakış açısındaki temel düşünce, gerçek yaşamda STEM kavram ve becerilerinin bütünsel olarak bulunmasına karşın bunların okul derslerinde birbirinden ayrı olarak kazandırılmaya çalışılmasıdır. STEM eğitiminin öncelikli hedefleri arasında yer alan 21. yüzyıl yeterliklerinin öğrencilere kazandırılması ve bu yeterliklerin transfer edilebilirliğinin desteklenmesi açısından mühendislik özel bir öneme sahiptir. Mühendislik, problem çözme odaklı bir yapıya sahip olma, mühendislik tasarımı ile etkili öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulanmasına olanak sağlama ve öğrencilerin kendi deneyimleri ile öğrenmeleri için öğrenme ortamı oluşturma gibi özel nitelikleri bünyesinde barındırır. Ancak, bu noktada karşılaşılan temel sorun STEM eğitiminde etkili bir mühendislik entegrasyonunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceğidir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacı STEM eğitimi bakış açısı ile alanyazın incelemesi temelinde mühendisliğin doğasını ortaya koymak ve STEM eğitiminde etkili bir mühendislik entegrasyonunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceğini kuramsal olarak incelemektir. Araştırma sonuçları mühendisliğin STEM eğitimine entegrasyonunda en kabul gören yaklaşımın öğrenme ortamlarına mühendislik tasarımının aktarılması olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, öğretim süreçlerinde mühendislikle ilgili temel kavram, beceri ve uygulamalara vurgu yapılmasının entegrasyonun niteliğini artırabileceğini ve bu tür bir entegrasyonun Türkiye bağlamında öğrenme çıktılarını destekleyebileceğini göstermiştir.
Basamaklı Öğretim Programının İngilizce Dersi Öğrenci Başarısına, Tutumuna, Öz Düzenleme Stratejisine ve Kalıcılığa Etkisi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Kadir , GUNDOGDU Kerim
Published: October 2021

Bu karma desen araştırmasının amacı basamaklı öğretim programın ders başarısına, tutumuna, öz düzenlemesine ve öğrenmede kalıcılığa etkisini incelemektir. Nicel boyutta ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Nitel durum çalışmasında ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ve öğrenci yansıtıcı günlüklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çok programlı bir lisede öğrenim gören, biri deney diğer kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki 10. sınıf şubesi seçilmiştir. Deney grubuna İngilizce dersinde basamaklı öğretim programı uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna güncel öğretim programı uygulanmıştır. Uygulama öncesi ve sonrası her iki grubun başarıları, derse yönelik tutumları ve öz düzenleme stratejileri ölçülmüş; uygulama bitiminden yaklaşık iki ay sonra başarı, tutum ve öz düzenleme kalıcılık testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulama süresince ayrıca öğrencilere günlük tutturularak, süreç sonunda yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde t-testi ve Mann-Whitney U testlerine ve nitel verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizine başvurulmuştur. Bulgulara göre, İngilizce dersi başarıları ve öz düzenleme stratejileri ön test ve son test puanları karşılaştırıldığında, son test ve kalıcılık test puanları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark vardır. İngilizceye yönelik tutum ölçeği puanlarında ise iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Öğrenci günlükleri ve görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgulara göre, basamaklı öğretim programına tabi öğrencilerin derse yönelik güvenleri artmış, dersleri eğlenceli bulmuş, kendilerini daha rahat hissetmiş ve dersi daha çok sevmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, basamaklı öğretim programı İngilizce dersi akademik başarısına ve İngilizce öğretimde öz düzenleme stratejilerine olumlu yönde etki etmiştir.
Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrencilerin Eğitimi ve Uyumu: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: SARIAHMETOĞLU Hasan , KAMER S. Tunay
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Kastamonu ilinde ortaokullarda öğrenim gören yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin eğitim sistemine uyumunda öğretmenlerin ve okul yöneticilerinin karşılaştıkları sorunları tespit etmek ve bu konuyla ilgili yapılacak planlamalara katkı sunmaktır. Bu çalışma, nitel bir araştırmadır. Durum çalışması desenine göre yürütülen bu araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, 2018 yılında Kastamonu ilinde 4 ortaokulda görev yapan 8 öğretmen ve 8 okul yöneticisiyle yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Ses kaydına alınan görüşmelerden elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin Türkçe bilmemeleri öğretmen ve yöneticilerin karşılaştığı en önemli sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sebeple öğrencilerin akademik anlamda başarısız oldukları ve ilk zamanlarda arkadaşları tarafından dışlandıkları okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler tarafından ifade edilmiştir. Okullarda yabancı uyruklu öğrenci sayısının artmasıyla beraber çeteleşme ve şiddet olaylarının da arttığı belirtilmiştir. Bu öğrencilerde devamsızlık ve okul terkinin yüksek olduğu ve yabancı uyruklu öğrenci ailelerinin maddi sorunlar yaşadığı dile getirilen diğer sorunlar olmuştur. Denklik işlemleri yapılırken yaşlarından daha düşük sınıflara verilmesinin sorunlara yol açtığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin bazı okullarda yığılması sorunların çoğalmasına ve yeni sorunların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olduğu okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler tarafından ifade edilmiştir.
Beden Eğitiminde İhtiyaç Destekleyici Öğretim Stili Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Authors: SAKALLI Derya , KERKEZ Fatma İlker
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Liu ve Chung (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Beden Eğitiminde İhtiyaç Destekleyici Öğretim Stili Ölçeğinin-BEİDÖSÖ Türkçeye uyarlanması ve ölçeğin geçerlik-güvenirliğine ilişkin analizlerin yapılmasıdır. Verilerin toplanmasında tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, BEİDÖSÖ ve Temel İhtiyaçların Karşılanması Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 ve AMOS 18 programlarında analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi-DFA ile ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliği ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği Pearson korelasyon testi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlığı için Cronbach Alfa ve Bileşik Güvenirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda uyum iyiliği değerlerinin uygun sınırlar içinde, iç tutarlık ve test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayılarının ise yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik için yapılan analizde ölçekler arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, BEİDÖSÖ’nün 3 faktör ve 15 maddeden oluşan orijinal yapısını koruduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, ölçeğin beden eğitimi öğretmeninden algılanan ihtiyaç desteğini ölçmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Bir Sürdürülebilirlik Eğitimi Modeli: Schumacher Koleji
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Oğuz
Published: October 2021

Sanayi devriminden bu yana insanın doğa üzerinde yarattığı tahribat hem insanoğlunun varlığını hem de gezegende topyekûn yaşamın geleceğini tehdit etmektedir. Yüz yüze kalınan bu sürdürülemez durumun aşılabilmesi, sürdürülebilirlik eğitimiyle köklü bir zihniyet dönüşümünün yaratılmasını gerektirmektedir. Kuşkusuz, bu yönde yaratılacak bir dönüşüm, etkin eğitim modellerinin yaygınlaşmasına bağlıdır. Buradan hareketle nitel bir araştırma olarak yürütülen çalışmada, TÜBİTAK 2219 destek programı ile İngiltere’de gerçekleştirilen “Çevre Okuryazarlığı Eğitimi” konulu araştırma kapsamında bir sürdürülebilirlik eğitim modeli olarak Schumacher Koleji tanıtılmakta ve adı geçen kolej sürdürülebilirlik eğitiminin temel esasları açısından irdelenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Schumacher Koleji, gerçekleştirilen yerinde inceleme ve görüşmelerle öğrenme vizyonu, içerik, ortam ve öğrenme süreçleri açılarından araştırma parametrelerine göre incelenmiştir. Schmumacher Koleji, İngiltere’de sürdürülebilirlik eğitiminde özgün bir yer tutmakla birlikte; içerik, öğrenme ortamı ve süreçleri açılarından sürdürülebilirlik eğitiminin gereklerini yeterince karşılamamaktadır. Bunun yanında, ilgili okul modelinin Schumacher’in küçük güzeldir deyimiyle simgeleşen sürdürülebilirlik vizyonu ile bazı açılardan aykırılık gösterdiği gözden kaçmamaktadır. Çalışmanın, Türkiye’de ve Dünya’nın değişik yerlerinde sürdürülebilirlik eğitimi veren eğitim modellerinin yaygınlaşmasına ve bunların etkililiğinin artmasına yol göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Factors Associated with Fatigue in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prastiwi Firman , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Ismail Dina Dewi Sartika Lestari
Published: October 2021

Fatigue is the primary complaint most frequently reported by patients on hemodialysis. The importance of knowing the factors related to fatigue is a strategy that can be carried out by health workers in optimally applying interventions to reduce patient fatigue problems. This systematic review aimed to determine the factors associated with fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The systematic review method began by identifying research articles in the Pubmed, ProQuest, Ebsco, and ScienceDirect databases in 2011â€“2020. Review protocol was using PRISMA. Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained 23 articles that discussed demographic factors, physiological factors, socioeconomic factors, situational factors, and psychological factors that could be associated with fatigue in hemodialysis patients. There is much to learn about fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis, including causative factors, assessment of severity, and effective management of fatigue so that it can be used as a benchmark for determining appropriate interventions.
Correlation between Ascites and Total Lymphocyte Count with Occurrence of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis Patients
Authors: Pravitasari Ratna Adelia
Published: October 2021

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is brain dysfunction manifested as a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunting due to portal hypertension. Portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis also causes ascites, as the most common clinical manifestation. Further, immune dysfunction, one of which is decreased total lymphocyte count (TLC), happens at liver cirrhosis, which triggers the systemic inflammatory response. This systemic inflammatory response plays a role in HE. Objective of this study is to know the correlation between ascites and TLC with occurence of HE in liver cirrhosis patient. This study was conducted by retrospective cohort design in Saiful Anwar Hospital. Determination of sample amount at this study used total sampling method. Hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis was based on West Haven Criteria. Ascites was determined by physical examination and/or abdominal ultasonography. Total lymphocyte count data was taken from medical record, with complete blood count examination used XS-800i hematology analyzer machine. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test, with p<0.05 was considered significant and Confidence Interval (CI) 95%. Seventy-eight liver cirrhosis patients were observed using a retrospective cohort method regarding the HE occurrence, and physical examination for ascites and laboratory examination were performed. The statistical analysis result of the correlation between ascites and HE is significant with an odds ratio of 5.108 and CI of 1.36-19.25. On the other hand, TLC has no significant correlation with the occurrence of HE. Based on this analysis result, it is concluded that ascites has a correlation with HE, but TLC does not.Â
Penoscrotal Hypospadias, A 4- Year Follow-Up
Authors: Alam Danu Caraka , Wikanto Dodo
Published: October 2021

Penoscrotal hypospadias, a severe congenital abnormality, can interfere with urinary, sexual, and aesthetic functions. This paper reports a 2-year follow-up of a penoscrotal hypospadias after urethroplasty using the Koyanagi-Nonomura technique. After surgery, there are some complication of urethrocutaneus fistula and infectio. This patient undergoes urethrocutaneus fistula repair and chateter was inserted into the new urethra which was resulted in normal urination function and penis size.
Predictive measure for Ischemic Heart Disease among Workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Indriyati Leli Hesti , S Gea Pandhita , Anis Nurhayati , Suraya Anna
Published: October 2021

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many countries, including Indonesia. Therefore, cardiovascular risk-prediction models are required in clinical practice for early detection in high-risk populations, including the worker population. This study intends to develop a predictive risk measure for early detection of IHD incidences among employees in Jakarta, Indonesia. Source of data was the database of 4,100 medical check-up (MCU) results of employees and entrepreneurs in Jakarta and surrounding areas in January to October 2019. Multivariate analysis showed that being aged >40 years (p=0.000; OR=5.329 (95% CI 2.621-10.833)), having a history of dyspnea (p=0.000; OR=5.699 (95% CI 2.524-12.871)), smoking (p=0.048; OR=2.007 (95% CI 1.924-4.359)) and HDL<50 mg/dL (p=0.049; OR=1.811 (95% CI 1.099-3.281)) were all good predictors to detect IHD in the worker population. The combination of these predictors results with a cut-off point of 2.5, showed accuracy (79.2% sensitivity and 66.3% specificity). Workers who have a score >2.5 are at high risk of developing IHD in the future. This scoring system can be used by workers or companies to take early preventive measures.
Soft Power In the politics and reform process of China (1978-1992)
Authors: Saeed Hiwa Aziz , Tawfeeq Ayub Zahir
Published: October 2021

China is one of the rare world events that almost every country in the world has unforgettable. This may become the basis for the development of economic, political and ideological methods within a short and precise time frame. China has developed from a primitive agricultural country such as life cycle, medical care, education and local standard management to a country with strong economic, scientific and technological strength. Regional and international norms have transformed China from a ruined and despised country into a valuable international political force. While influencing the international and regional political equations, it also puts the world’s powerful countries first. This is the application of soft power in politics and international relations, enabling them to obtain basic materials for establishing and strengthening local politics and conducting social, scientific, military, and technological reforms while voluntarily joining the bondage. And closed the door on a regional and international scale. Establish standards and establish opaque diplomatic relations with different continents. Through these standards, they can ensure the market for their products and provide the necessary energy for the production process they initiate.
Boundary Objects as Dialogical Learning Accelerators for Social Change in Design for Health: Systematic Review
Authors: Terlouw Gijs , Kuipers Derek , Veldmeijer Lars , van 't Veer Job , Prins Jelle , Pierie Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2021

Background

Boundary objects can add value for innovative design and implementation research in health care through their organizational focus and the dynamic structure between ill-structured and tailored use. However, when innovation is approached as a boundary object, more attention will need to be paid to the preimplementation phase. Research and design thinking pay attention to the preimplementation stage but do not have a social or organizational focus per se. The integration of boundary objects in design methodologies can provide a more social and organizational focus in innovative design projects by mapping out the mechanisms that occur at boundaries during design. Four dialogical learning mechanisms that can be triggered at boundaries have been described in the literature: identification, coordination, reflection, and transformation. These mechanisms seem suitable for integration in innovative design research on health.

Objective

Focusing on innovation in health, this study aims to find out whether the different learning mechanisms can be linked to studies on health innovation that mention boundary objects as a concept and assess whether the related mechanisms provide insight into the stage of the design and implementation or change process.

Methods

The following 6 databases were searched for relevant abstracts: PubMed, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Information Science and Technology Abstracts, and Embase. These databases cover a wide range of published studies in the field of health.

Results

Our initial search yielded 3102 records; after removing the duplicates, 2186 (70.47%) records were screened on the title and abstract, and 25 (0.81%) papers were included; of the 13 papers where we identified 1 mechanism, 5 (38%) described an innovation or innovative project, and of the 12 papers where we identified more mechanisms, 9 (75%) described the development or implementation of an innovation. The reflective mechanism was not identified solely but was present in papers describing a more successful development or implementation project of innovation. In these papers, the predetermined goals were achieved, and the process of integration was relatively smoother.

Conclusions

The concept of boundary objects has found its way into health care. Although the idea of a boundary object was introduced to describe how specific artifacts can fulfill a bridging function between different sociocultural sites and thus have a social focus, the focus in the included papers was often on the boundary object itself rather than the social effect. The reflection and transformation mechanisms were underrepresented in the included studies but based on the findings in this review, pursuing to trigger the reflective mechanism in design, development, and implementation projects can lead to a more fluid and smooth integration of innovation into practice.
Prevalence and Temporal Trends Analysis of Screening and Diagnostic Instruments in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Text Mining Study
Authors: Zong Hui , Hu Binyang , Han Yang , Li Zuofeng , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Background

Various instruments for patient screening and diagnosis have been developed for and applied in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective

This study comprehensively investigates the prevalence and temporal trends of the most widely used instruments in PTSD-related studies.

Methods

A total of 1345 files of registered clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov and 9422 abstracts from the PubMed database from 2005 to 2020 were downloaded for this study. The instruments applied in clinical trials were manually annotated, and instruments in abstracts were recognized using exact string matching. The prevalence score of an instrument in a certain period was calculated as the number of studies divided by the number of instances of the instrument. By calculating the yearly prevalence index of each instrument, we conducted a trends analysis and compared the trends in index change between instruments.

Results

A total of 4178 instrument synonyms were annotated, which were mapped to 1423 unique instruments. In the 16 years from 2005 to 2020, only 10 instruments were used more than once per year; the 4 most used instruments were the PTSD Checklist, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. There were 18 instruments whose yearly prevalence index score exceeded 0.1 at least once during the 16 years. The changes in trends and time points of partial instruments in clinical trials and PubMed abstracts were highly consistent. The average time duration of a PTSD-related trial was 1495.5 days or approximately 4 years from submission to ClinicalTrial.gov to publication in a journal.

Conclusions

The application of widely accepted and appropriate instruments can help improve the reliability of research results in PTSD-related clinical studies. With extensive text data obtained from real clinical trials and published articles, we investigated and compared the usage of instruments in the PTSD research community.
Análisis predictivo y multidimensional de la salud mental en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: García Maldonado Gerardo , Sánchez Márquez Wilberto , Luque Ramos Adriana , Herbert Zúñiga Karyme Aileem
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Por el estrés propio de la formación académica, desde hace varias décadas se ha reconocido la importancia de evaluar la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Analizar factores de riesgo y examinar si las variables de estudio son capaces de predecir eventos adversos en la salud mental de los participantes.Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, analítico y predictivo. Participaron alumnos de una facultad de medicina en Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Se utilizó el cuestionario SCL 90R, cuyas dimensiones constituyeron las variables dependientes, las cuales, a su vez, se asociaron a diversas variables independientes destacándose antecedentes de atención psicológica y/o psiquiátrica. Todas las variables fueron dicotomizadas y se utilizó para el análisis un modelo de regresión logística binaria. La actividad de campo se desarrollo en el plantel universitario y el proyecto se apegó a la normatividad ética vigente.Resultados: Participaron 193 estudiantes de medicina de diferentes semestres escolares, 52.3% fueron del sexo masculino. La variable independiente atención psicológica fue relevante en todas las dimensiones del cuestionario (p <0.05), pero la atención psiquiátrica solo lo fue para somatización. Al eliminar variables de confusión, el análisis multivariado refleja igualmente que estos predictores se mantienen vigentes (p <0.05). Ser alumno foráneo, irregular y proceder de escuela pública son elementos con importante magnitud de asociación para depresión y ansiedad, ideas paranoides y psicoticismo respectivamente. Sexo femenino, ser foráneo, >5º semestre, estatus académico irregular, provenir de preparatoria pública, promedio <8 y sin antecedentes de atención especializada en materia de salud mental, tienen mayor probabilidad de mostrar afectaciones.Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina representan un grupo etario altamente susceptible para presentar alteraciones en la salud mental.
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: A revolution in design and development of drugs
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Sharma Shweta , Rao Padma
Published: October 2021

The recent developments in nanoparticle-based drug formulations have been helping to address issues around treating challenging diseases. Nanoparticles come in different sizes but usually vary between 100nm to 500nm. For the past few years there has been research going on in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems. Various drug molecules have been modified for both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties using nanoparticles as physical approach. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications in delivery of drug molecules and therapeutic genes.

Keywords: nanoparticles, applications in delivery, Liposomes, Dendrimers
In-silico ADMET predicated Pharmacoinformatics of Quercetin-3-Galactoside, polyphenolic compound from Azadirachta indica, a sacred tree from Hill Temple in Alagarkovil Reserve Forest, Eastern Ghats, INDIA
Authors: Sabitha M. , Krishnaveni K. , Murugan M. , Basha A N , Pallan Gilse A , Kandeepan C. , Ramya S. , Jayakumararaj R.
Published: October 2021

Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) is the one among the bioactive secondary metabolite (BASM) in neem seed of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives hold promising pharmacological effects. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer’s, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, recently lot of work has been carried out on its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines. Recently, in silico/ in vitro studies have demonstrated that Que interferes with different stages of coronavirus entry and replication cycle (PLpro, 3CLpro, and NTPase/helicase). Due to its pleiotropic effects in human health and disease and lack of systemic toxicity, Que and its derivatives could be tested for their efficacy on human target system in future clinical trials. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical, druggable properties of Que from A. indica to prospect its ADMET properties.

Keywords: NEEM; Azadirachta indica; Quercetin; Pharmacoinformatics; ADMET; Drug-Likeness; Toxicology
ATT-Therapy Induced DRESS: A Case Report
Authors: Sri G Navya , Stanly Feba , Sarah Georgina , Bali Prasad , Dalal Varsha
Published: October 2021

A severe adverse reaction called Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS syndrome), is usually described by eosinophilia, fever, swollen lymph nodes, severe skin rash and extensive systemic association. It is distinguished by a lengthy latency period, which is characteristic drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Formerly known as drug-induced delayed multi-organ hypersensitivity syndrome (DIDMOHS) or drug-induced hypersensitivity (DIHS). There are a variety of clinical symptoms associated with the syndrome yet it is still poorly understood. Drugs most commonly implicate in Anticonvulsants are the most common cause of DRESS syndrome, followed by sulfonamides and a variety of anti-inflammatory medications.Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) is rarely associated with DRESS syndromeWe present the case of a 60-year-old female patient who had previously been treated with Anti-tubercular Therapy for Tubercular Meningitis (ATT).She was admitted to the hospital with presenting complaints of vomiting, burning micturition, fever associated with chills, generalized swelling and reddish skin all over the body including facial puffiness. The problem was successfully resolved by refraining from the offending medication and administering supportive care. Thus, the case illustrates the necessity of considering anti-tubercular drug reactions even when symptoms are delayed.

Keywords: Anti-tubercular Therapy (ATT), Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), Adverse drug reaction (ADR), Drug-induced, Systemic symptoms syndrome,
4D Printing: The Dawn of “Smart” Drug Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Khan Ahmar , Iqbal Mir Javid , Amin Saima , Bilal Humaira , Bilquees , , Noor Aneeza , Mir Bushra , Kaur Mahak Deep
Published: October 2021

With the approval of first 3D printed drug “spritam” by USFDA, 3D printing is gaining acceptance in healthcare, engineering and other aspects of life. Taking 3D printing towards the next step gives birth to what is referred to as “4D printing”. The full credit behind the unveiling of 4D printing technology in front of the world goes to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who revealed “time” in this technology as the fourth dimension.  4D printing is a renovation of 3D printing wherein special materials (referred to as smart materials) are incorporated which change their morphology post printing in response to a stimulus. Depending upon the applicability of this technology, there may be a variety of stimuli, most common among them being pH, water, heat, wind and other forms of energy.  The upper hand of 4D printing over 3D printing is that 3D printed structures are generally immobile, rigid and inanimate whereas 4D printed structures are flexible, mobile and able to interact with the surrounding environment based on the stimulus. This capability of 4D printing to transform 3D structures into smart structures in response to various stimuli promises a great potential for biomedical and bioengineering applications. The potential of 4D printing in developing pre-programmed biomaterials that can undergo transformations lays new foundations for enabling smart pharmacology, personalized medicine, and smart drug delivery, all of which can help in combating diseases in a smarter way. Hence, the theme of this paper is about the potential of 4D printing in creating smart drug delivery, smart pharmacology, targeted drug delivery and better patient compliance. The paper highlights the recent advancements of 4D printing in healthcare sector and ways by which 4D printing is doing wonders in creating smart drug delivery and tailored medicine. The major constraints in the approach have also been highlighted.

Keywords: 4D printing, smart, drug delivery system, patient compliance, biomaterials, tailored medicine
A Comprehensive Review on Natural Products as Chemical Penetration Enhancer
Authors: Das Sudip , Sen Gupta Koushik
Published: October 2021

The drug delivery within the stratum corneum of the skin prevails a challenging area for the pharmaceutical field, especially to the formulation scientists. Several investigations revealed that the lipid domain, which is the integral component of the transport barrier, must be breached if it is to be delivered transdermally at an appropriate rate. In particular, transdermal drug delivery has intrigued researchers with multiple suggestions because multiple dosing or insufficient drug delivery or characteristics of various drugs often results in low therapeutic effects. The application of permeation or penetration enhancers may prolong the number of drugs that can be offered topically. The application of any natural permeation enhancer is innoxious over the artificial permeation enhancers. The natural permeation enhancers are investigated, so notably include essential oils, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acid esters, etc., have a certain effect in the transdermal drug delivery system. Despite decades of investigation on the natural chemical penetration enhancer, the researchers could not establish the effectiveness of natural penetration enhancers clinically due to the lack of in vivo models. Several factors, like solubility, solvent selection, experimental models, etc., has restricted the application and development of natural penetration enhancers in topical drug delivery systems, especially in the patches. Therefore, further investigation needs to do on skin irritation to decide natural penetration enhancers controlling optimum enhancement effects with minimal skin irritation. This review gives a comprehensive literature survey on naturally obtained chemical penetration enhancers and their future possibilities.

Keywords: Topical Drug delivery system, Natural products, Penetration enhancer, Stratum corneum, In vivo models.
Concept of Busoore Labaniya (Acne Vulgaris) and its Management In Light of Unani System of Medicine
Authors: Anjum Sultana , Tabasum Ayesha , Manzoor Faisel , Faisal Mohammed Uwais
Published: October 2021

Acne vulgaris is extremely common dermatological disorder, affecting more than 85% of adolescents and young adults. In western societies, acne vulgaris is a nearly universal skin disease afflicting 79% to 95% of the adolescent population. A recent systematic review of the epidemiology of acne across the world noted acne prevalence estimates ranging from just over 20% to over 95%. The greatest burden of acne globally is between the ﬁrst and third decade of life and almost certainly causes embarrassment, stigma, shame, guilt, and low self-esteem, which are likely to cause psychosocial problems. It is characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and non-inflammatory comedones (open and closed) lesions. In Unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is termed as busoore labaniya that are whitish eruptions on the nose and face that represent milk droplets or frozen ghee (Roghan zard) due to Ma’dah sadidiyah or pus like morbid matter that is directed towards the skin for expulsion along with ghaleez bukharat. There are mentioned numerous single and compound formulations having Mujaffif and Muhallil properties for the management of Busoore Labaniya. The principle of treatment is aimed to removal of morbid matter, which is the actual culprit for the genesis of pathology leading to development of busoore labaniya. So there is need to explore the Unani concept of dermatoses. Present review paper is an attempt to highlight the possible management and preventive measures of acne vulgaris through Unani medicine.

Keywords: Busoore labaniya, Acne vulgaris, Unani system of medicine, Mujaffif and Muhallil.
Role and Efficacy of “Katankateriyadi Kwatha” in Patients of Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus Type 2): A Clinical Trial
Authors: Singh Vandana , Ram Bhuwal
Published: October 2021

Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus) is a by-product of urbanization, proclaimed thousands of years back by Acharya Charaka. India has a high prevalence of diabetes which is increasing in number at an alarming rate. The introduction of oral hypoglycaemic drugs in modern therapeutics materialize to be a breakthrough in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus initially but subsequently, it was experienced that most of the hypoglycaemic drugs were inadequately effective and were associated with many major side effects. To get rid of this problem, here we aimed to find out an effective and safe remedy to control the disease. This study is an Open-label, standard control, randomized and comparative clinical study with the 3-month assessment of the response of the trial drug “Katankateriyadi Kwatha” on the diabetic patients through subjective and objective parameters.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Clinical study, Madhumeha, Katankateriyadi Kwatha.
In vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Annona senegalensis hydro-alcoholic extract
Authors: Datagni G'massampou , Mouzou Aklesso Pouwelong , Metowogo Kossi , Afanyibo Yaovi-Gameli , Sadji Adodo , Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie
Published: October 2021

Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata are two plants traditionnaly used in inflammation and wounds infection treatment after snakebites.

This study aims to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata.

Antimicrobial activity of the two plant extracts was examined against five bacterial strains with the well diffusion method and the inhibition zones diameters (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the 96-well microplate dilution method. While antiinflammatory activity was assessed by the albumin denaturation method.

The results obtained showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Annona senegalensis has antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus (IZD=12.22 ± 0.24 mm, MIC=62.5 mg/mL, MBC=125 mg/mL) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IZD=12.06 ± 0.06 mm, MIC=125 mg/mL, MBC=250 mg/mL). Securidaca longepedunculata also showed its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (IZD=12.03 ± 0.03 mm, MIC=125 mg/mL, MBC=250 mg/mL) and Candida albicans (IZD=12.12 ± 0.07 mm, MIC=62.5 mg/mL, MFC=125 mg/mL).

In the order hand,  Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by reducing significantly (p<0.001)  the denaturation of BSA. In addition  S. longepedunculata inhibited haemolysis significantly (p<0.001) more than Diclofenac sodium at 200 and 400 µg/mL.

Hence, it was concluded that Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata possessed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and can be used in the treatment of inflammation and wounds infection after snakebites.

Keywords: Annona senegalensis, Securidaca longepedunculata, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, BSA.
Preventive and Curative treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Mali: Evaluation of the Healthcare Professionals based on the Malian National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Guidelines
Authors: BALLO Mahamadou , Traoré Karim , Sidibé Samou , Diakité Seidina , Guindo Abdoulaye , Daou Fatoumata , Sangaré Modibo , Konaté Drissa , Diakité Mahamadou , Youl Estelle , Bah Sékou
Published: October 2021

Malaria infections in pregnancy should be treated promptly with safe and efficacious antimalarial drugs to prevent harmful effects on the mother and fetus. To succeed, the Malian has developed NMCP guidelines for the management of malaria cases in pregnant women. The study aimed at the analysis of the prescription of antimalarial drugs based on the Mali's NMCP guidelines.

We conducted a cross-sectional study during malaria transmission season from June to August 2020. The sampling concerned all prescriptions for pregnant women containing at least one antimalarial drug.

The frequency of prescription of antimalarial drugs was 85%. 132 (74.16%) were preventive treatments and 46 (25.84%) curative treatments. 30 (90.91%) of pregnant women in the first trimester received one dose of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. 6 (12.5%) received three doses in the third trimester. Of the 46 antimalarial drugs prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, 30 (65.22%) were Artemether-lumefantrine (tablet), 10 (21.74%) were Quinine (tablet). 29 (63.04%) were compliant with NMCP guidelines and 17 (36.96%) were not. The non-compliances concerned 3 prescriptions of Artemether-lumefantrine in the first trimester, 3 and 5 prescriptions of Quinine (tablet) in the second and third trimester respectively and at the end 2 and 4 non-compliances respectively for the prescription of injectable dosage forms of Quinine and Artesunate.

This study showed a great noncompliance with the Mali's NMCP guidelines in the prescription of antimalarial in pregnant women. Chemoprophylaxis should be prohibited in the first trimester.  

Keywords: Curative and Preventive Treatment, Malaria in Pregnancy, Malaria Transmission, Mali
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points as a Quality Risk Management Tool in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Priya , , Chaudhary Meenu
Published: October 2021

For several years, quality risk management (QRM) has been such an integral component of healthcare as well as pharmaceutical product manufacturing. Effectual QRM can help companies make better informed and smarter choices, and furnish regulators with more prominent confirmation of an organization's capacity to manage possible dangers. In the pharmaceutical sector, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), a QRM tool is comparatively a new approach. It is a globally perceived management system that gives rules to the pharmaceutical and food industries. HACCP approach emphasizes the hazards, with the overarching goal of ensuring that drug products are safe to use because the production of drug products is prone to health together with safety concerns. The HACCP system offers guidance to a considerable extent for quality control, by detecting, assessing, monitoring, and validating the crucial procedures and operations in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. The presented review article provides HACCP as a risk assessment tool, which could be applied to various parts of drug quality so that it might promote and assist the adoption of quality practices by pharmaceutical industries with the objective of improving HACCP efficiency together with company performance.

Keywords:  HACCP, Hazards, QRM, Quality
Mechanisms of Action of Flavonoids in the Management of Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chandra Mohan S , Jain Namrata , Sumathi S.
Published: October 2021

Management of diabetes mellitus is a challenge for clinicians. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, damaging the body systems.  Although a number of antidiabetic drugs are available for therapeutic intervention, toxicity, loss of efficacy in chronic use and high cost of treatment have necessitated the search for new molecules to manage diabetes. Safety and cost are the main prerequisite for the new antidiabetic molecules. Medicinal plants and their purified phytochemicals have shown promising antidiabetic potential in the past few years. The flavonoids can be widely classified into different categories like anthocyanins, catechins, flavanols, flavones, flavanones etc. Some flavonoids have hypoglycemic properties. They may improve al-tered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. The hypoglycemic effect of some herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some of the important phytoconstituents from the classes of flavonoid have been discussed here. The current review summarizes the  antidiabetic activity of flavonoids, the mechanism-based action of flavonoids that target the various metabolic pathways in humans.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Flavonoids, Medicinal plants, mechanisms of action, T2DM
A case of intradural lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Bhattarai Utsav , Gurung Pritam , Shrestha Janam , Dhakal Sudan , Acharya Samir , Pant Basant
Published: October 2021

Lumbar disc herniation into the dural space is a rare phenomenon of
degenerative lumbar disc disease and its pathogenesis remains unclear.
Intraoperative ultrasonography and histopathological examination of
resected specimen aids in diagnosis of intradural disc herniation.Prompt
surgery is recommended as postoperative outcome of the patient at our
setting was favourable.