bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Sample Construction Based on NDVI for Cultivated Land Quality Prediction
Authors: Li Chengqiang , Wang Junxiao , Ge Liang , Zhou Yujie , Zhou Shenglu
Published: June 2022

The integrated use of remote sensing technology and machine learning models to evaluate cultivated land quality (CLQ) quickly and efficiently is vital for protecting these lands. The effectiveness of machine-learning methods can be profoundly influenced by training samples. However, in the existing research, samples have mainly been constructed by random point (RPO). Little attention has been devoted to the optimization of sample construction, which may affect the accuracy of evaluation results. In this study, we present two optimization methods for sample construction of random patch (RPA) and area sequence patch (ASP). Differing from RPO samples, it aims to include cultivated land area and its size into sample construction. Based on landsat-8 Operational Land Manager images and agricultural land grading data, the proposed sample construction methods were applied to the machine learning model to predict the CLQ in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, China. Four machine learning models (the backpropagation neural network, decision tree, random forest (RF), and support vector machine) were compared based on RPO samples to determine the accurate evaluation model. The best machine learning model was selected to compare RPA and ASP samples with RPO samples. Results determined that the RF model generated the highest accuracy. Meanwhile, a high correlation was noted between the cultivated land area and CLQ. Thus, incorporating cultivated land area in the sample construction attributes can improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Among the three sample construction methods, the ASP yielded the highest prediction accuracy, indicating that the use of a large, cultivated land patch as the sample unit can further elevate the model performance. This study provides a new sample construction method for predicting CLQ using a machine learning model, as well as providing a reference for related research.
How Italy Tweeted about COVID-19: Detecting Reactions to the Pandemic from Social Media
Authors: Lorenzoni Valentina , Andreozzi Gianni , Bazzani Andrea , Casigliani Virginia , Pirri Salvatore , Tavoschi Lara , Turchetti Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic required communities throughout the world to deal with unknown threats. Using Twitter data, this study aimed to detect reactions to the outbreak in Italy and to evaluate the relationship between measures derived from social media (SM) with both national epidemiological data and reports on the violations of the restrictions. The dynamics of time-series about tweets counts, emotions expressed, and themes discussed were evaluated using Italian posts regarding COVID-19 from 25 February to 4 May 2020. Considering 4,988,255 tweets, results highlight that emotions changed significantly over time with anger, disgust, fear, and sadness showing a downward trend, while joy, trust, anticipation, and surprise increased. The trend of emotions correlated significantly with national variation in confirmed cases and reports on the violations of restrictive measures. The study highlights the potential of using SM to assess emotional and behavioural reactions, delineating their possible contribution to the establishment of a decision management system during emergencies.
Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador
Authors: Montero-Salgado Juan Pablo , Muñoz-Sanz Jose , Arenas-Ramírez Blanca , Alén-Cordero Cristina
Published: June 2022

Road traffic accidents result in injury or even death of passengers. One potential cause of these accidents is mechanical failures due to a lack of vehicle maintenance. In the quest to identify these mechanical failures, this paper aims to set up the procedure to identify the mechanical failures that contribute to traffic accidents in cities located in developing countries, including the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. For present research, a database provided by the entity responsible for the Vehicle Technical Inspection, the Empresa Pública Municipal de Movilidad, Tránsito y Transporte and for the ones responsible of managing traffic accident data, Oficina de Investigación de Accidentes de Tránsito and Sección de Investigación de Accidentes de Tránsito was used. The vehicle subcategories M1 and M3 (bus type) and N1, so named according to Ecuadorian technical standards, were considered the most relevant regarding accident rates. The database was analysed with descriptive statistics, a Pareto chart and time series with the quadratic trend. From this analysis, the most significant failures found in the VTI in all three subcategories were the alignment of the driver headlight, both horizontal and vertical, braking imbalance on the 2nd axle, insufficient tire tread and parking brake effectiveness. All these failures showed a decreasing trend over time and in the forecast at a maximum of two to three years. The most relevant causes of road accidents recorded during the period 2009–2018 related to mechanical failures were the braking system (65.5%) and the steering system (17.2%) for subcategory M1.
Comparison of Life Cycle Environmental Impact between Two Processes for Silver Separation from Copper Anode Slime
Authors: Li Zehong , Zhang Wenbiao , Xia Bing , Wang Chunying
Published: June 2022

The cost of silver separation is lowered when ammonia and hydrazine hydrate are replaced with sodium thiosulfate and sodium dithionite in the process of extracting of metallic silver from copper anode slime. The overall environmental impact of two types of copper silver separation processes from anode slime has been analyzed\using the LCA method. Through the subdivision analysis, we found the raw materials or emission items that should be improved first. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The life cycle environmental impact of the sodium thiosulfate process is much lower than the existing process; (2) The resource and environmental impacts of the sodium thiosulfate method are mainly in the fields of climate change, photochemical smog, and ionizing radiation, exceeding two-thirds of the impact on all of the resources and environment; (3) In terms of input and output items, the main impact of the new process on the resources and the environment is concentrated on the use of sodium hydroxide, accounting for 33.98% of the total equivalent, followed by sodium thiosulfate and sodium carbonate, respectively. These input–output items are the key fields that need attention in future technology improvement.
Relationship between Sports and Personal Variables and the Competitive Anxiety of Colombian Elite Athletes of Olympic and Paralympic Sports
Authors: Marín-González Fabián Humberto , Portela-Pino Iago , Fuentes-García Juan Pedro , Martínez-Patiño María José
Published: June 2022

Background: Anxiety is one of the most complex and the most studied constructs in psychology, and it is extremely frequent in high-level sportsmen and women. The main goal was to study the influence of sex, age, type of sport, sport modality, other professional occupation, and competitive level on the competitive anxiety symptoms and self-confidence of elite athletes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with Colombian elite athletes who were members of the “Support to the Excellence Coldeportes Athlete” program. The total population studied included 334 Colombian elite athletes: mean age 27.10 ± 6.57 years old with 13.66 ± 6.37 years practicing his/her sports modality. The precompetitive anxiety symptoms of the participants were assessed using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory—2R (CSAI-2R). Results: Men showed higher levels of self-confidence than women. Younger athletes had a higher cognitive and somatic anxiety. The athletes of individual sports had a higher mean somatic anxiety than those of collective sports. The higher-level athletes had lower values of cognitive and somatic anxiety and higher levels of self-confidence. Finally, the values of anxiety symptoms positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with self-confidence. Conclusion: Individualised psychological intervention programs adapted to elite athletes are needed, considering the divergent results found in various variables of scientific interest.
Impact of Clinical Pilates Exercise on Pain, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Functional Ability, and Quality of Life in Children with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Azab Alshimaa R. , Kamel FatmaAlzahraa H. , Basha Maged A. , Alrawaili Saud M. , Aloraini Ghfren S. , Hassan Sahar M. , Ewais Najlaa F. , Elnaggar Ragab K.
Published: June 2022

Objective: This study intended to examine the effects of Pilates exercise on pain, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional ability, and quality of life in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods: Forty children with polyarticular JIA aged 10–14 years old were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (n = 20) received conventional physical therapy (CPT), and the experimental group (n = 20) received clinical Pilates exercises combined with CPT. Patients in both groups received their program three times/week for 3 months. Pain, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional ability, and quality of life were assessed through the visual analogue scale, cardiopulmonary exercise test, 6 min walk test, and PedsQL scale, respectively, just before and after treatment. Results: Pain (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory markers (all p < 0.05), functional ability (p = 0.002), and overall quality of life (p = 0.007) improved significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Incorporating Pilates exercises into CPT is likely more effective for decreasing pain intensity, improving cardiorespiratory fitness, augmenting functional ability, and promoting quality of life in children with JIA than CPT alone.
Analysis of AUDIT Domains in Freshman Students in Spain: Three Cross-Sectional Surveys (2005, 2012 and 2016)
Authors: Busto Miramontes Alicia , Moure-Rodríguez Lucía , Regueira Alba , Varela Leonor , Corral Montserrat , Figueiras Adolfo , Caamano-Isorna Francisco
Published: June 2022

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate changes in the frequency of drinking, alcohol dependence and alcohol-related harm in freshman college students from 2005, 2012 and 2016, and identify risk-associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 5009 freshman students was carried out in Spain in 2005, 2012 and 2016. The Dimensions of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (frequency of drinking, symptoms of dependence and alcohol-related harm) was analysed. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using negative binomial regression. Results: Place of residence, positive expectancies and early onset of alcohol consumption continue to be crucial conditions for developing patterns of risky consumption, alcohol dependence and harm. Women and men were more vulnerable to alcohol harm and dependence when living away from home, having higher economic status and positive alcohol expectancies. Cohorts from 2012 and 2016 were at lower risk of risky alcohol consumption. Men belonging to the 2012 and 2016 cohorts were at lower risk of alcohol negative consequences compared with the 2005 cohort. However, women remained vulnerable over time to alcohol dependence and harm. Starting drinking after 16 protects them both from alcohol dependence and harm. Conclusions: Women are more vulnerable to alcohol dependence and harm in recent cohorts of freshmen. Limiting access to alcohol at a younger age and working on false positive expectancies could benefit freshmen by avoiding alcohol damage and alcohol dependence.
The Critical Need for a Meaning-Centered Team-Level Intervention to Address Healthcare Provider Distress Now
Authors: Rosa William E. , Roberts Kailey E. , Schlak Amelia E. , Applebaum Allison J. , Breitbart William S. , Kantoff Emily H. , Pessin Hayley , Lichtenthal Wendy G.
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has unveiled and amplified the burnout, grief, and other forms of distress among healthcare providers (HCPs) that long preceded the pandemic. The suffering of the healthcare workforce cannot be simply and sufficiently addressed with a single psychotherapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Studies recommended prioritizing interventions that generate an increased sense of meaning in life and in work to reduce burnout and cultivate clinician wellbeing. Despite their guidance, there is a dearth of interventions for HCPs specifically targeting meaning and purpose as an avenue to reduce HCP distress. In a time when such an intervention has never been more essential, Meaning-Centered Pyschotherapy (MCP), a brief, evidence-based intervention designed for patients with advanced cancer may be key. This piece describes the principles underlying MCP and how it might be adapted and applied to ameliorate burnout among HCPs while providing a rationale to support future empirical studies in this area. Importantly, the systemic factors that contribute to the emotional and mental health burdens of HCPs are discussed, emphasizing the need for systems-level changes that are needed to leverage the potential outcomes of MCP for HCPs.
Gender and Age Differences in Performance of Over 70,000 Chinese Finishers in the Half- and Full-Marathon Events
Authors: Yang San-Jun , Yang Fan , Gao Yuan , Su Yan-Feng , Sun Wei , Jia Sheng-Wei , Wang Yu , Lam Wing-Kai
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of over 70,000 long-distance finishers over the last four years in Chinese half- and full-marathon events; (2) Methods: The available data of all finishers (n = 73,485; women, n = 17,134; men, n = 56,351) who performed half- and full-marathon events in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2019 were further analyzed for the characteristics of gender, age and average running speed; (3) Results: The total men-to-women ratio was the lowest in the half-marathon event (1.86) and the highest in the full-marathon event (17.42). Faster running performance in males than in females and faster average running speed in short-distance runners were shown. Gender and race distance were observed to have the most significant effects on average running speed (p < 0.01). For both male and female finishers, the slowest running speed was shown in older age groups (p < 0.01) during the full marathon. Our results indicated that the gender difference in performance was attenuated in the longer race distances and older age groups; (4) Conclusions: Understanding the participation and performances across different running distances would provide insights into physiological and biomechanical characteristics for training protocols and sports gear development in different groups.
The Association between Hypertriglyceridemia and Colorectal Cancer: A Long-Term Community Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Shu-Hua , Syu De-Kai , Chen Yong-Chen , Liu Chih-Kuang , Sun Chien-An , Chen Mingchih
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It often diagnosed at advanced stages, and with increasing incidence at younger generation. CRC poses a heavy financial burden and a huge public health challenge nowadays. Lipoproteins and serum lipids may have an influence on carcinogenesis by making oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Dyslipidemia plays a potential role in the risk of CRC. The purpose of this study is to use nationally representative samples to determine epidemiologic characteristics of CRC in the Taiwanese population, and to evaluate the associations between baseline levels of lipid profile and their effect on risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) comprehensively and quantitatively. The control of dyslipidemia in primary and secondary prevention may reduce the disease burden of CRC. (2) Methods: This is a nationwide long-term community-based prospective cohort study. Data were retrieved from the nationwide population-based Taiwanese Survey on Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia (TwSHHH). Variables were estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model which was then further adjusted for age. We also calculated the relative ratios (RRs) of CRC for joint categories of serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and to examine their combined effect and statistical interactions. (3) Results: Male, age, waist circumference, diabetes mellitus (DM), high TG, high cholesterol level, smoking history, and metabolic syndrome were proved to increase the risk of CRC. In addition, DM patients with a TG level ≥150 mg/dL and cholesterol ≥180 mg/dL had a 4.118-fold higher risk of CRC as compared with a TG level <150 mg/dL and cholesterol level <180 mg/dL, which was a significant difference (95% CI, 1.061–15.975; p = 0.0407). (4) Conclusions: Patients with DM should control TG and cholesterol level through diet, exercise, or taking medications more aggressively, not only for preventing cardiovascular disease, but also for first prevention of CRC. The study can be valuable for the clinicians and policy makers to implement more precisely goals about dyslipidemia management.
Can Nuclear Power Products Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Evidence from Global Trade Network
Authors: Li Tingzhu , Du Debin , Wang Xueli , Qin Xionghe
Published: June 2022

Since its birth, nuclear power has been a hot topic of academic research while being subject to much controversy. As a new green energy source with zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nuclear power plays a vital role in combatting global climate change. Based on global databases and various empirical analysis methods, this study aimed to explore the changes in the global nuclear power product trade (GNT) network and its impact on GHG emissions from 2001 to 2018. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) Global trade in nuclear power products and GHG emissions showed a non-linear and fluctuating growth during the research period. The geographical pattern of GNT not only has prominent spatial heterogeneity, but it also has some spatial reverse coupled with the spatial distribution of global GHG emissions. (2) The overall regression analysis finds that nuclear power product trade had a significant suppressive effect on global GHG emissions and had the greatest influence among all the selected variables. (3) As for the impact of the GNT network on GHG emissions, nuclear power product trade was better able to curb GHG emissions in countries with the dominate positions compared to those with affiliated positions, which reflects the heterogeneous effect of nuclear power product trade on GHG emissions. These results provide further evidence for the dialectical debate on whether nuclear power products contribute to GHG emissions reductions. This paper also provides corresponding recommendations for policymakers.
Have Health Inequalities Increased during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from Recent Years for Older European Union Citizens
Authors: González Rodríguez Irene , Pascual Sáez Marta , Cantarero Prieto David
Published: June 2022

Reducing inequality is one of the current challenges that most societies are facing. Our aim was to analyze the evolution of inequalities in self-assessed health among older Europeans in a time period spanning the 2008 economic crisis and the COVID-19 health crisis. We used data from Waves 2, 4 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We used inequality indices that accept ordinal variables. Our empirical results suggest that average inequality declines over time. Gender significantly influences the results. Some of the countries with the highest level of inequality are Denmark and Sweden, and some with the lowest are Estonia and the Netherlands. Our results may be of interest for the development of public policies to reduce inequalities. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly.
Food Marketing and Power: Teen-Identified Indicators of Targeted Food Marketing
Authors: Elliott Charlene , Truman Emily , Stephenson Nikki
Published: June 2022

Food marketing is powerful and prevalent, influencing young people’s food attitudes, preferences, and dietary habits. Teenagers are aggressively targeted by unhealthy food marketing messages across a range of platforms, prompting recognition of the need to monitor such marketing. To monitor, criteria for what counts as teen-targeted food marketing content (i.e., persuasive techniques) must first be established. This exploratory study engaged teenagers to explore the “power” of food marketing by identifying what they consider to be teen-targeted marketing techniques within various food marketing examples. Fifty-four teenagers (ages 13–17) participated in a tagging exercise of 19 pre-selected food/beverage advertisements. Assessed in light of age and gender, the results showed clear consistency with what indicators the participants identified when it comes to selecting “teen-targeted” ads—with advertisements most frequently chosen as “teen-targeted” containing humor (particularly irony) and celebrities. When it comes to specific indicators used by teenagers, visual style dominated, standing as the marketing technique with the most “power” for teenagers. The findings shed much needed insight into the elements of power—and more precisely, the specific marketing techniques persuasive to teenagers—which are necessary to inform monitoring efforts and to create evidence-based policy.
The Modified versus the Conventional Winograd Technique for the Treatment of Onychocryptosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Oliveira Flávio , Izquierdo-Cases Joaquín O. , Martínez-Nova Alfonso , Contreras-Barragán Elena , Munuera-Martínez Pedro V.
Published: June 2022

The Winograd technique is a common surgical treatment for ingrown toenails. Attempting to improve the results of this technique, two modifications were adopted: the incisional approach and the use of adhesive approximation strips. This study aimed to compare the conventional technique and the modified version based on (i) postoperative complications, (ii) healing time, (iii) recurrence rate, and (iv) overall patient satisfaction. A longitudinal, observational, and retrospective design was used, with a sample of 208 patients divided into the modified Winograd technique (n = 111) and the conventional Winograd technique (n = 97) in three clinics in Portugal, with follow-up periods of more than 15 years and 10 years, respectively. The modifications to the Winograd technique revealed fewer postsurgical complications, in terms of infections (1.8% vs. 20.62%, p < 0.010), recurrence rate (2.7% vs. 5.21%, p > 0.05), shorter recovery time (8.10 ± 0.76 vs. 14.51 ± 3.48 days, p < 0.001), and lower postoperative pain and better satisfaction with the functional and esthetic results, with the patient’s overall satisfaction, and with significant differences in relation to the conventional technique (p < 0.001). The modifications performed showed a lower rate of infection, decreased healing time, and better patient satisfaction, suggesting that it may be adopted in clinical practice for the treatment of stages II and III ingrown toenails.
The Intersection of Neighborhood Environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Methods for Creation of a Neighborhood ACEs Index
Authors: Schroeder Krista , Dumenci Levent , Sarwer David B. , Noll Jennie G. , Henry Kevin A. , Suglia Shakira F. , Forke Christine M. , Wheeler David C.
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated methods for creating a neighborhood adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) index, a composite measure that captures the association between neighborhood environment characteristics (e.g., crime, healthcare access) and individual-level ACEs exposure, for a particular population. A neighborhood ACEs index can help understand and address neighborhood-level influences on health among individuals affected by ACEs. Methods entailed cross-sectional secondary analysis connecting individual-level ACEs data from the Philadelphia ACE Survey (n = 1677) with 25 spatial datasets capturing neighborhood characteristics. Four methods were tested for index creation (three methods of principal components analysis, Bayesian index regression). Resulting indexes were compared using Akaike Information Criteria for accuracy in explaining ACEs exposure. Exploratory linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between ACEs, the neighborhood ACEs index, and a health outcome—in this case body mass index (BMI). Results demonstrated that Bayesian index regression was the best method for index creation. The neighborhood ACEs index was associated with higher BMI, both independently and after controlling for ACEs exposure. The neighborhood ACEs index attenuated the association between BMI and ACEs. Future research can employ a neighborhood ACEs index to inform upstream, place-based interventions and policies to promote health among individuals affected by ACEs.
Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Hormonal and Reproductive Health in E-Waste-Exposed Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Vishal , Cortes-Ramirez Javier , Toms Leisa-Maree , Sooriyagoda Thilakshika , Karatela Shamshad
Published: June 2022

Electronic waste management is a global rising concern that is primarily being handled by informal recycling practices. These release a mix of potentially hazardous chemicals, which is an important public health concern. These chemicals include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in electronic parts, which are persistent in nature and show bioaccumulative characteristics. Although PBDEs are suspected endocrine disruptors, particularly targeting thyroid and reproductive hormone functions, the relationship of PBDEs with these health effects are not well established. We used the Navigation Guide methodology to conduct a systematic review of studies in populations exposed to e-waste to better understand the relationships of these persistent flame retardants with hormonal and reproductive health. We assessed nineteen studies that fit our pre-determined inclusion criteria for risk of bias, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and other criteria that helped rate the overall evidence for its quality and strength of evidence. The studies suggest PBDEs may have an adverse effect on thyroid hormones, reproductive hormones, semen quality, and neonatal health. However, more research is required to establish a relationship of these effects in the e-waste-exposed population. We identified the limitations of the data available and made recommendations for future scientific work.
Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis and Its Association with Anxiety Symptoms, Perceived Stress, PTSD, and Other Variables Related to Lifestyle in Selected High Stress Exposed Professions
Authors: Wróbel-Knybel Paulina , Flis Michał , Rog Joanna , Jalal Baland , Wołkowski Leszek , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: June 2022

Sleep paralysis (SP) is a hypnagogic or hypnopompic state associated with the inability to move while conscious. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a type of REM parasomnia. Individuals experiencing anxiety disorders, PTSD, exposure to chronic stress, or shift work are at risk of developing this sleep disorder. This study aimed to assess: (1) the prevalence, frequency, and symptomatology of SP, and (2) the impact of the severity of anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and lifestyle mode variables on the frequency and severity of SP in four professional groups at high risk of SP (n = 844): nurses and midwives (n = 172), policemen (n = 174), teachers (n = 107), and a group of mixed professions—“other professions” (n = 391). The study used a battery of online questionnaires: the Sociodemographic and Health Status Questionnaire, the SP-EPQ, the PCL -5, the STAI-T, the PSWQ and the PSS-10. The prevalence of SP was the lowest among policemen (15.5%) and the highest in the group of “other professions” (39.4%). The association of SP with symptoms of PTSD and anxiety was confirmed in the group of nurses and “other professions”. Among other factors modulating the incidence and severity of SP were: age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and perceived stress. This study indicates that there exist links between SP and psychological and lifestyle factors, suggesting a complex etiology for this sleep disorder. Due to the high prevalence of SP in the studied groups of occupations, further research is necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic methods for SP.
ICF-Based Job Performance Predictors for South Korean Industrial Accident Workers: Population-Based 3-Year Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Eom Gayeong , Been Seonjae , Byeon Haewon
Published: June 2022

Since workers who have experienced industrial accidents may have a physical impairment, their workload is very likely to be less than before the industrial accident. This epidemiological study identified ICF-based predictive factors affecting the work performance of South Korean workers who were economically active after undergoing medical treatment (rehabilitation) related to injuries caused by industrial accidents by using the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance (2018–2020) as a reference. We analyzed 1383 subjects who were engaged in economic activities. The explanatory variables included participation factors, activity factors, personal factors, physical function factors, and rehabilitation service factors. The outcome variables were defined by subjective evaluations of current job performance (0 and 10 points). This study analyzed the trajectory of change in work performance and change function predictors over time by using latent growth modeling (LGM). This study found mental activity, indoor activity, occupational activity, disability grade, socioeconomic status, the length of recuperation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy as significant predictors. The results of this study suggested that it would be necessary to prepare a systematic program that considers activity factors to support the independent daily life activities and social participation of workers injured by industrial accidents.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing the Use of Dietary Supplements by Schoolchildren from Małopolska Voivodship (Southern Poland)
Authors: Piórecka Beata , Koczur Karolina , Cichocki Radosław , Jagielski Paweł , Kawalec Paweł
Published: June 2022

The use of regular supplementation may be important in alleviating the potential effects of specific nutrient deficiencies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the socio-economic and lifestyle factors influencing the administration of dietary supplements to schoolchildren from the Małopolskie voivodship. The study was conducted in March–June 2018 on 332 healthy children and adolescents (187 boys, 145 girls) aged 7–14 from the city and municipality of Niepołomice and the city of Kraków. The mean age of the subjects was 10.35 + 1.64 years. In order to assess their diet, a questionnaire was completed, by the parents or the child, on the frequency of consumption of specific products and foods (Food Frequency Questionnaire, FFQ) with added questions on the supplements provided. In assessing nutritional status, basic anthropometric measurements were taken and the BMI index was analysed. To check which factors influenced the use of supplements among respondents, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Approximately one-third of the total number of subjects (33.8%) took dietary supplements, most often supplements containing vitamins D and C, followed by multivitamin supplements and omega-3 fatty acids. The least common supplements contained calcium and iron. Dietary supplement intake was significantly higher among children living in rural areas compared to city areas (39.3% vs. 26.5% of respondents; p = 0.0150), and among boys compared to girls (37.3% vs. 27.8%; p = 0.048). It was observed that children more often received dietary supplements in multigenerational families and in families where at least one parent did not work. This is related to the place of residence of the respondent. Awareness of the need for, and the safe use of, dietary supplements is necessary among parents of children and adolescents.
Knowledge and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates, Particularly during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abbasi Yasir , Hout Marie-Claire Van , Faragalla Mohamed , Itani Lynn
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: The popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has recently increased. Although they are less harmful than regular cigarettes, they still cause health consequences and their use for smoking cessation is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns of use, knowledge about, and attitude towards e-cigarettes among youth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) while also researching the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior. (2) Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed across three major universities in the UAE (n = 240) between March and November 2021. Descriptive analysis, comparison across gender and nationality groups, and correlates between 30-day e-cigarette use and self-reported increases in nicotine consumption during the pandemic were studied. (3) Results: About 37% of students had used an e-cigarette in their lifetime, and 23% had smoked e-cigarettes in the past month. During the pandemic, 52% of university students self-reported no change in nicotine consumption, while only 17.5% had reported an increase. The current smoking of regular cigarettes, waterpipe, and medwakh increased the odds of having an increase in smoking during the pandemic by 5.3 times. (4) Conclusions: The findings inform about youth behavior and knowledge about vaping in the UAE and could also support the development of awareness interventions.
Peaking Industrial CO2 Emission in a Typical Heavy Industrial Region: From Multi-Industry and Multi-Energy Type Perspectives
Authors: Duan Haiyan , Dong Xize , Xie Pinlei , Chen Siyan , Qin Baoyang , Dong Zijia , Yang Wei
Published: June 2022

Peaking industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is critical for China to achieve its CO2 peaking target by 2030 since industrial sector is a major contributor to CO2 emissions. Heavy industrial regions consume plenty of fossil fuels and emit a large amount of CO2 emissions, which also have huge CO2 emissions reduction potential. It is significant to accurately forecast CO2 emission peak of industrial sector in heavy industrial regions from multi-industry and multi-energy type perspectives. This study incorporates 41 industries and 16 types of energy into the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model to predict the CO2 emission peak of the industrial sector in Jilin Province, a typical heavy industrial region. Four scenarios including business-as-usual scenario (BAU), energy-saving scenario (ESS), energy-saving and low-carbon scenario (ELS) and low-carbon scenario (LCS) are set for simulating the future CO2 emission trends during 2018–2050. The method of variable control is utilized to explore the degree and the direction of influencing factors of CO2 emission in four scenarios. The results indicate that the peak value of CO2 emission in the four scenarios are 165.65 million tons (Mt), 156.80 Mt, 128.16 Mt, and 114.17 Mt in 2040, 2040, 2030 and 2020, respectively. Taking ELS as an example, the larger energy-intensive industries such as ferrous metal smelting will peak CO2 emission in 2025, and low energy industries such as automobile manufacturing will continue to develop rapidly. The influence degree of the four factors is as follows: industrial added value (1.27) > industrial structure (1.19) > energy intensity of each industry (1.12) > energy consumption types of each industry (1.02). Among the four factors, industrial value added is a positive factor for CO2 emission, and the rest are inhibitory ones. The study provides a reference for developing industrial CO2 emission reduction policies from multi-industry and multi-energy type perspectives in heavy industrial regions of developing countries.
Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Family and School Environment
Authors: Gentil-Gutiérrez Ana , Santamaría-Peláez Mirian , Mínguez-Mínguez Luis A. , Fernández-Solana Jessica , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , González-Santos Josefa , Obregón-Cuesta Ana I.
Published: June 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of difficulties in communication and social interaction, often associated with deficits in executive functions (EF). The EF correct development is related to a more effective functioning in all its daily activities, while being associated with more efficient social relations. The objective of this research is to analyze the level of development of EF in children and adolescents with ASD in school and at home. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study with 102 participants selected by non-probabilistic sampling, 32 parents of children with ASD, and 70 professionals in the field of education of students with ASD. The study confirms that although children and adolescents with ASD have problems in executive functioning, the perception of informants, parents, and education professionals is similar but not the same in the different contexts: school and home.
Probiotic Monotherapy with Lactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis) as a Coadjutant to Reduce Subgingival Dysbiosis in a Patient with Periodontitis
Authors: Salinas-Azuceno Claudia , Martínez-Hernández Miryam , Maldonado-Noriega José-Isaac , Rodríguez-Hernández Adriana-Patricia , Ximenez-Fyvie Laurie-Ann
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: Probiotics can be considered a non-invasive periodontal monotherapy for the modulation of microbiota when periodontal treatment is not accessible. The aim was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis as monotherapy to modulate periodontal parameters and subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. (2) Methods: A 30-year-old patient with periodontitis was followed longitudinally after one month of daily consumption of L. reuteri Prodentis (T0). Periodontal measurements and microbial identification by Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization of 40 bacteria were compared between baseline (T0) and 30 days (T1) or 90 days (T2), using the Kruskal–Wallis (KW) and Mann–Whitney U (MW) tests. (3) Results: Low values of pocket depth, attachment level, dental plaque, gingival erythema (GE), and suppuration were observed at T0 vs. T1, with the clinical improvement of GE (p < 0.05, MW) and the recovery of tooth 46 fistulation. T1 vs. T0 comparisons showed lower levels (Lev) or proportions (Prop) of Parvimonas micra (Lev: p < 0.05, MW; Prop: p < 0.01, MW) and Streptococcus gordonii (Prop: p < 0.05, MW), and a predominance (Lev/Prop) of Actinomyces odontolyticus and Streptococcus mitis; lower levels and proportions of P. micra, Eubacterium saburreum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were observed in tooth 46 (T1/T2 vs. T0). (4) Conclusions: Under monotherapy with L. reuteri Prodentis, periodontal measurements of the patient were maintained, with selective changes in the subgingival microbiota that were proportional to the time of probiotic administration, with any additional periodontal treatment.
Does the Application of ICTs Improve the Efficiency of Agricultural Carbon Reduction? Evidence from Broadband Adoption in Rural China
Authors: Rao Pan , Liu Xiaojin , Zhu Shubin , Kang Xiaolan , Zhao Xinglei , Xie Fangting
Published: June 2022

Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this paper examines whether rural broadband adoption affects agricultural carbon reduction efficiency (ACRE), using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2019. This paper achieves a measurement of ACRE by taking the carbon sink of agricultural as one of the desired outputs and using a Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model and the global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index. The results show that: (1) Rural broadband adoption has a positive effect on ACRE. The relationship between the income of rural residents and ACRE was an inverted U-shaped, which confirms the EKC hypothesis. (2) Land transfer has a significant promoting effect on the relationship between rural broadband adoption and ACRE. When the land transfer rate is high, the positive effect of broadband adoption is obvious. (3) The positive effect of broadband adoption on ACRE was more obvious when farmers invested more in production equipment, that is to say, it has a significant positive moderating effect. As farmers in many developing countries suffer from increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather events, we believe that the results of this study also have implications for the implementation of agricultural carbon reduction and smart agricultural equipment roll-out in many countries.
Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors and Psychological Distress: A Secondary Analysis across Four Occupational Populations
Authors: Bouleh Philip G. , Allen Shalene J. , Hammer Leslie B.
Published: June 2022

This study assessed the associations of employee’s perceptions of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) and their psychological distress across four occupational populations (n = 3778): Information technology; healthcare; military-connected Veterans; and National Guard service members. Data were gathered and analyzed from four larger archival datasets to compare differences in these relationships. Results revealed significant negative relationships between employee reports of FSSB and their psychological distress within occupations, as expected. Furthermore, results revealed significant differences across occupational populations for employee reports of both FSSB and psychological distress. Hierarchical moderated multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the extent of these mean differences across groups. Results revealed significant differences among these four groups such that the military-connected Veteran employees demonstrated significantly stronger associations of FSSB, and psychological distress compared to the other three occupations of information technology, healthcare, and National Guard service members. These findings suggest the importance of FSSB to worker psychological health across a variety of occupational populations, specifically noting the importance and presence of FSSB for Veteran employees’ psychological distress in civilian workplaces. Practical implications include the need for training leaders on how to better support employees’ work and non-work lives, mental health, and well-being.
Effects of Cycling Dual-Task on Cognitive and Physical Function in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study
Authors: Pereira-Pedro Karina Pitombeira , de Oliveira Iris Machado , Mollinedo-Cardalda Irimia , Cancela-Carral José M.
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: Those with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may present difficulties in performing dual tasks (DT). The use of DT during training can improve different abilities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the influence of a cycling exercise program combined with a cognitive task on cognitive and physical PD aspects; (2) Methods: A double-blind, randomized pilot study was undertaken. Participants performed a DT intervention composed of cycling and a cognitive task. The cycling parameters, MDS-UPDRS, PDQ-39, TUG Test, 30 s Chair Sit to Stand test and Stroop were used to measure outcomes; (3) Results: DT generated impairment in performing the cycling task, with significant differences in cycling parameters, active and passive distance (m), total work (W) and active speed (rpm). At the cognitive level, there was a trend of improvement in the group that performed the training with DT, which improved by 211%; (4) Conclusions: Combining cycling with a cognitive task caused impairment in the performance of the physical task and an improvement at the cognitive level. Therefore, combining cycling with a cognitive task in a presumably safer environment for patients with PD can be a good way to train these patients for the dual-task challenges with practical applications.
COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign among the Health Workers of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS: A Cost–Benefit Analysis
Authors: Nurchis Mario Cesare , Lontano Alberto , Pascucci Domenico , Sapienza Martina , Marziali Eleonora , Castrini Francesco , Messina Rosaria , Regazzi Luca , Causio Francesco Andrea , Di Pilla Andrea , Vetrugno Giuseppe , Damiani Gianfranco , Laurenti Patrizia
Published: June 2022

Vaccinations generate health, economic and social benefits in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. The aim of this study was to conduct a cost–benefit analysis to estimate the costs and benefits associated with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign for health workers in Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS (FPG). The analysis included 5152 healthcare workers who voluntarily received the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, divided into physicians, nurses and other health workers. Data about vaccine cost, administration and materials were derived from administrative databases of the FPG from 28 December 2020 to 31 March 2021. The costs associated with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign amounted to EUR 2,221,768, while the benefits equaled EUR 10,345,847. The benefit-to-cost ratio resulted in EUR 4.66, while the societal return on investment showed a ratio of EUR 3.66. The COVID-19 vaccination campaign for health workers in FPG has high social returns and it strengthens the need to inform and update decision-making about the economic and social benefits associated with a vaccination campaign. Health economic evaluations on vaccines should always be considered by decision-makers when considering the inclusion of a new vaccine into the national program.
The Perception of Environmental Information Disclosure on Rural Residents’ Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Zhu Yuting , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Yi
Published: June 2022

Rural residents’ pro-environmental behavior plays a critical role in rural environmental governance. This paper examines how the perception of government environmental information disclosure (EID) can promote rural residents’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB) using a questionnaire survey. Using Zhejiang province of China as a case study, we designed a four-stage mixed sampling method, which yielded 783 valid responses. We used ordinary least squares (OLS), an ordinal logit model and a mediation effect model to draw our conclusions. The results indicated that the EID had a positive impact on the PEB of rural residents. It is also evident that personal environmental concerns (PECs) play a partially mediating role between EID and PEB. Moreover, the impact of EID on PEB is heterogeneous in terms of residents’ age and workplace. This research contributes to insights into the promotion of guiding rural residents’ PEB and improving ecological environment management.