bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotionality and the assessment of memory performance (one’s own and that of other people)
Authors: Szepietowska Ewa
Published: October 2015

Background

In clinical practice, the assessments provided by relatives are treated as a source of information about the emotional-cognitive difficulties manifested by a customer. Usually, those opinions are treated as objective data, i.e. data that indicate the real possibilities of the evaluated person.

Data suggest that personality and affective factors of the assessing individual may modify the manner of describing an individual person in one’s care, regardless of the actual difficulties experienced by that individual.

Participants and procedure

In the study, the scale of the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ) was used in the version investigating oneself, a peer and an elderly individual in relation to whom the assessing individual undertakes care and support activities. The MFQ is relevant to different aspects of memory. The MFQ is composed of 64 questions grouped in scales composed of different numbers of items. Low results on the scales and a low general result illustrate the feeling that one experiences memory difficulties, whereas higher results illustrate the feeling that one’s memory is highly efficient.

The participants (N = 65 individuals; 61% female and 29% male) were between 40 and 76 years old (M = 51.50 and SD = 7.25). In the analyses, the intensity of depression (GDS) and of positive and negative emotionality – state and trait (SUPIN) – of the assessing individual were taken into consideration, assuming that their intensity would correlate with opinions relevant to mnemonic capacities (one’s own and those of other people).

Results

On average, the participants assess their mnemonic competence as higher than that of their peers and of the elderly. The higher the level of abilities which the former ascribe to themselves, the better are those which are ascribed by them to a peer and an elderly individual. Negative affectivity shapes the conviction that one’s own mnemonic competence is deteriorating, and that the same thing is happening to that of a peer/an elderly individual as well.

Conclusions

Evaluation of the psychological functioning of a customer prepared by relatives/a caregiver can indicate symptoms of subclinical severity.

There exists a connection between the affective-personality traits of a caregiver and the manner of the assessment of mnemonic competence (one’s own and that of near relations). The direction of those connections is not clear. The negative affectivity of a near relation/caregiver may result in formulating negative opinions about oneself, and about those in their care. Conversely, typical developmental memory changes in oneself and others can cause anxiety and depressive mood.
Anxiety level and self-esteem in youth with cerebral palsy
Authors: Borkowska Aneta Rita
Published: October 2015

Background

The aim of the research was to compare youth with cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy individuals in terms of self-esteem and anxiety level, and to evaluate the relation between self-esteem and anxiety in both study groups.

Participants and procedure

The study included 30 individuals with CP and 30 healthy individuals, aged 16 to 22 years. The anxiety level was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, while self-esteem was assessed using Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI).

Results

No significant differences between youth with CP and healthy teenagers were observed in terms of anxiety level as a state or trait, global self-esteem and all the indicators of self-efficacy: family, friends, college, personal and the overall indicator of the sense of self-efficacy.

State anxiety correlates with nearly all indicators of self-esteem in youth with CP, except for the sense of self-esteem in the family, although the control group also lacked that correlation. As far as trait anxiety is concerned, the values of correlations are higher and the relation seems to be more likely in the group with CP.

Conclusions

Youth with CP function like their healthy peers in terms of the anxiety level and self-esteem. The correlation between state anxiety and the dimensions of self-esteem in youth with CP suggests that their self-esteem is lower and more dependent on situational factors, especially anxiety-related ones, and the low level of trait anxiety suggested high self-esteem of an individual.
Entitlement and organizational behaviors: the moderating role of narcissism
Authors: Szalkowska Agata , Żemojtel-Piotrowska Magdalena , Clinton Amanda
Published: October 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological entitlement (active, passive, and revenge), narcissism and two types of organizational behaviors in employees. Interactions between narcissism and psychological entitlement as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) were explored. Predictors were analyzed in an effort to determine whether psychological entitlement plays a more destructive role among narcissistic employees than among non-narcissistic ones and whether the effects of narcissism on OCB and CWB are mediated by entitlement.

Participants and procedure

Data were obtained from 100 employees (34% men) aged 22 to 59 years (M = 37.00, SD = 9.30) from public and private companies. Participants were asked to complete the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCBS), the Counterproductive Organizational Behaviors Scale (COBS), the Entitlement Questionnaire, and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI).

Results

Positive aspects of entitlement were positively associated with OCB only among narcissistic employees, and active entitlement mediated the effects of narcissism on CWB. Active entitlement was negatively related to CWB. Negative aspects of entitlement were negatively related to OCB and unrelated to CWB.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for positive (healthy) aspects of entitlement for organizations. The unexpected interaction between narcissism and entitlement in predicting higher levels of OCB suggests that among narcissistic employees, healthy aspects of entitlement are desirable and profitable for an organization. Psychological entitlement was observed to be an important predictor of organizational behaviors beyond narcissism itself.
Knowledge of attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – a comparison of pre-service teachers in primary and special education in Germany
Authors: Lee Yumi , Lammers Hannah Sophia , Witruk Evelin
Published: October 2015

Background

Given that the majority of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) attend regular classroom settings in Germany, it is necessary for teachers to be well prepared to provide these children appropriate care and education on the basis of accurate knowledge of ADHD. Pre-service teachers should have enough learning possibilities in their curriculum about ADHD. The purpose of this study was to investigate German pre-service teachers’ knowledge of ADHD by differentiating between their future school type, their study progress, their learning experiences, gender, and age.

Participants and procedure

The participants were 234 pre-service teachers of the University of Leipzig, Germany. The survey instrument constructed by Lee (2015) was slightly modified for pre-service teachers, and consists of the three subscales: (a) characteristics of ADHD, (b) causes of ADHD, and (c) subtypes of ADHD.

Results

Total accuracy of the knowledge of German pre-service teachers was 51.60%, inaccuracy was 21.60%, and no information was 25.80%. German pre-service teachers who majored in special education have a significantly higher accuracy rate than those who majored in primary education. The knowledge profiles consisting of total knowledge score and three domain-specific subscores can be explained significantly (ANOVAs) by the main effects and the interactions among the independent factors (a) future school type, (b) study progress, (c) experience by curriculum, and (d) personal experience. It was possible to discriminate significantly four pre-service teacher groups (differentiated by future school type and study progress) on the basis of their knowledge profiles by a discriminant analysis.

Conclusions

Teachers are an important target group for ADHD research because they play a major role in early diagnosis of ADHD as well as supporting their development. During their education, pre-service teachers need to be prepared for dealing appropriately with ADHD children in the classroom. This study provides a basic investigation of German pre-service teachers’ needs of learning how to deal with ADHD children.
Psychodermatology from the perspective of a psychologist
Authors: Miniszewska Joanna
Published: October 2015

The development of psychosomatics and health psychology contributed to the holistic perception of a patient, and therefore to the origin of psychodermatology. Psychodermatology is a relatively young field of knowledge, which stemmed from dermatology, psychiatry and psychology. The aim of the present article is to: 1) characterize the issues of psychodermatology and systematize knowledge about it, 2) determine the role of psychology in this interdisciplinary field of knowledge, and 3) draw attention to those aspects of psychodermatology which psychology is particularly focused on.
Osteoporosis – time to downgrade?
Authors: Hrycaj Paweł
Published: October 2015

No abstract necessary .
Predictors of juvenile idiopathic arthritis course
Authors: Bojko Jaryna J. , Omelczenko Ludmyla I. , Czernyszow Wiktor P.
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases of joints in children with various and often unfavourable prognosis. It is possible to improve the outcome of the disease in patients with JIA by a correct therapeutic choice made at disease onset – one that enables fast achievement of an inactive disease state and remission.

The aim of the investigation was to develop a model/application for automatic calculation of risk of treatment-refractory JIA taking into account the combined action of clinical and cytokine factors.

Material and methods:  Disease subtype was determined in 105 patients with JIA, as well as the number of poor prognostic factors and disease activity level. Blood serum cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and their soluble receptors and agonists – interleukin 1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra), soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sCD25), interleukin 6 (sIL6R), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) – were determined in these patients using immunoenzymatic laboratory methods.

Results: The following prognostic factors were taken into account in the study: JIA subtype, disease activity, presence of clinically unfavourable factors and cytokine characteristics. We determined that systemic subtype of JIA, moderate and high disease activity, presence of factors of poor disease course and sCD25 and IL-6 levels are statistically significant factors of treatment-refractory disease course. A Microsoft Excel application was developed for automatic calculation of risk of treatment-refractory JIA in a specific patient based on 10 factors.

Conclusions: Use of an application for automatic calculation of risk of treatment-refractory JIA enables prediction of JIA disease course in patients at disease onset and personalization of the treatment protocol.
Prevalence of HLA-B27 antigen in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Żuber Zbigniew , Turowska-Heydel Dorota , Sobczyk Małgorzata , Chudek Jerzy
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) is considered as a risk factor for development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of HLA-B27 antigen in JIA categories and its influence on disease onset and response to conventional therapy.

Material and methods: The retrospective analysis included 461 unselected children with JIA hospitalized in a single reference rheumatology centre between July 2007 and June 2012. The diagnosis was based on criteria by the International League of Association for Rheumatology. HLA-B27 was determined in 387 of all patients (84%) by hybridization of the amplified, labelled product to immobilize it on the microarray probe.

Results:  HLA-B27 antigen was found in 104 of 383 affected children (27.2%), 48 of 206 girls (23.3%), and 56 of 177 boys (31.6%) – most frequently in patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (71%), psoriatic arthritis (50%) and unclassified cases (86.7%). The age of JIA onset was slightly (by 1 year) but significantly different in patients with and without HLA-B27 antigen [11 (8.5–14) vs. 10 (5–13.5) years.; p < 0.001].

The use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and corticosteroids was more frequently clinically ineffective in HLA-B27 positive than negative patients (23.1% vs. 15.2%; p = 0.09). Patients with polyarthritis, systemic, and psoriatic arthritis more frequently received biological therapy. HLA-B27 positive patients with enthesitis-related arthritis received biological therapy more frequently than HLA-B27 negative ones (20.4% vs. 0, respectively; p = 0.09).

Conclusions: HLA-B27 antigen is a strong risk factor for the development of enthesitis-related arthritis, and to a lesser extent for psoriatic arthritis and extended course of oligoarthritis. The presence of this antigen does not affect the disease onset but seems to predict resistance to therapy with disease-modifying drugs and corticosteroids.
The role of physiological elements in future therapies of rheumatoid arthritis. III. The role of the electromagnetic field in regulation of redox potential and life cycle of inflammatory cells*
Authors: Gajewski Michał , Rzodkiewicz Przemysław , Maśliński Sławomir , Wojtecka-Łukasik Elżbieta
Published: October 2015

Each material consisting of charged particles can be influenced by a magnetic field. Polarized particles play an essential role in almost all physiological processes. Locally generated electromagnetic fields several physiological processes within the human body, for example: stimulation of nerves, muscles, and cardiac electrical activity. This phenomenon is used today in many medical applications. In this article, we discuss ways in which electromagnetic field affects the physiological and pathological processes in cells and tissues. This knowledge will help to better understand the electrophysiological phenomenon in connective tissue diseases and can bring new therapeutic strategies (in the form of “invisible drugs”) for the treatment of rheumatic diseases?
High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection – Part 2: Evaluation of microphysical pathways in updraft parcel simulations
Authors: Ackerman A. S. , Fridlind A. M. , Grandin A. , Dezitter F. , Weber M. , Strapp J. W. , Korolev A. V.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The aeronautics industry has established that a threat to aircraft is posed by atmospheric conditions of substantial ice water content (IWC) where equivalent radar reflectivity (Ze) does not exceed 20–30 dBZ and supercooled water is not present, encountered almost exclusively in the vicinity of deep convection. Part 1 of this two-part study presents in situ measurements of such conditions sampled by Airbus in three tropical regions, commonly near 11 km and −43 °C, and concludes that the measured ice particle size distributions are broadly consistent with past literature and with profiling radar measurements of Ze and mean Doppler velocity obtained within monsoonal deep convection in one of the regions sampled. In all three regions the Airbus measurements generally indicate variable IWC that often exceeds 2 g m−3 with relatively uniform mass median area-equivalent diameter (MMDeq) of 200–300 μm. Here we use a parcel model with size-resolved microphysics to investigate microphysical pathways that could lead to such conditions. Our simulations indicate that homogeneous freezing of water drops produces a much smaller ice MMDeq than observed, and occurs only in the absence of hydrometeor gravitational collection for the conditions considered. Development of a mass mode of ice aloft that overlaps with the measurements requires a substantial source of small ice particles at temperatures of about −10 °C or warmer, which subsequently grow from water vapor. One conceivable source in our simulation framework is Hallett–Mossop ice production; another is abundant concentrations of heterogeneous ice freezing nuclei acting together with copious shattering of water drops upon freezing. Regardless of production mechanism, the dominant mass modal diameter of vapor-grown ice is reduced as the ice multiplication source strength increases and as competition for water vapor increases. Both mass and modal diameter are reduced by entrainment and by increasing aerosol concentrations. Weaker updrafts lead to greater mass and larger modal diameters of vapor-grown ice, the opposite of expectations regarding lofting of larger ice particles in stronger updrafts. While stronger updrafts do loft more dense ice particles produced primarily by raindrop freezing, we find that weaker updrafts allow the warm rain process to reduce competition for diffusional growth of the less dense ice expected to persist in convective outflow.
Notably improved inversion of Differential Mobility Particle Sizer data obtained under conditions of fluctuating particle number concentrations
Authors: Mølgaard B. , Vanhatalo J. , Aalto P. P. , Prisle N. L. , Hämeri K.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) is designed for measurements of particle number size distributions. It performs a number of measurements while scanning over different particle sizes. A standard assumption in the data processing (inversion) algorithm is that the size distribution remains the same throughout each scan. For a DMPS deployed in an urban area this assumption is likely to be violated most of the time, and the resulting size distribution data are unreliable. To improve the reliability, we developed a new algorithm using a statistical model in which the problematic assumption was replaced with more realistic smoothness assumptions, which were expressed through Gaussian Process prior probabilities. We tested the model with data from a twin-DMPS located in Helsinki and found that it provides size distribution data which are much more realistic. Furthermore, particle number concentrations extracted from the DMPS data were compared with data from a condensation particle counter at 30 s resolution, and the overall agreement was good. Thus, the quality of the inverted data was clearly improved.
The power spectrum of cosmic ray arrival directions
Authors: Ahlers M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Various experiments show that the arrival directions of multi-TeV cosmic rays show significant anisotropies at small angular scales. It was recently argued that this small scale structure may arise naturally by cosmic ray diffusion in a large-scale cosmic ray gradient in combination with deflections in local turbulent magnetic fields. We show via analytical and numerical methods that the non-trivial power spectrum in this setup is a direct consequence of Liouville's theorem and can be related to properties of relative diffusion.
Predicting the roughness length of turbulent flows over landscapes with multi-scale microtopography
Authors: Pelletier J. D. , Field J. P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The fully rough form of the law of the wall is commonly used to quantify velocity profiles and associated bed shear stresses in fluvial, aeolian, and coastal environments. A key parameter in this law is the roughness length, z0. Here we propose a predictive formula for z0 that uses the amplitude and slope of each wavelength of microtopography within a discrete-Fourier-transform-based approach. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to quantify the effective z0 value of sinusoidal microtopography as a function of the amplitude and slope. The effective z0 value of landscapes with multi-scale roughness is then given by the sum of contributions from each Fourier mode of the microtopography. Predictions of the equation are tested against z0 values measured in ~105 wind velocity profiles from southwestern US playa surfaces. Our equation is capable of predicting z0 values to 50 % accuracy, on average, across a four order-of-magnitude range.
Development of a chlorine chemistry module for the Master Chemical Mechanism
Authors: Xue L. K. , Saunders S. M. , Wang T. , Gao R. , Wang X. F. , Zhang Q. Z. , Wang W. X.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The chlorine atom (Cl·) has a high potential to perturb atmospheric photochemistry by oxidizing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the exact role it plays in the polluted troposphere remains unclear. The Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) is a near-explicit mechanism that has been widely applied in the atmospheric chemistry research. While it addresses comprehensively the chemistry initiated by the OH, O3 and NO3 radicals, its representation of the Cl· chemistry is incomplete as it only considers the reactions for alkanes. In this paper, we develop a more comprehensive Cl· chemistry module that can be directly incorporated within the MCM framework. A suite of 205 chemical reactions describes the Cl·-initiated degradation of alkenes, aromatics, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and some organic acids and nitrates, along with the inorganic chemistry involving Cl· and its precursors. To demonstrate the potential influence of the new chemistry module, it was incorporated into a MCM box model to evaluate the impacts of nitryl chloride (ClNO2), a product of nocturnal halogen activation by nitrogen oxides (NOX), on the following day's atmospheric photochemistry. With constraints of recent observations collected at a coastal site in Hong Kong, southern China, the modeling analyses suggest that the Cl· produced from ClNO2 photolysis may substantially enhance the atmospheric oxidative capacity, VOC oxidation and O3 formation, particularly in the early morning period. The results demonstrate the critical need for photochemical models to include more detailed chlorine chemistry in order to better understand the atmospheric photochemistry in polluted environments subject to intense emissions of NOX, VOCs and chlorine-containing constituents.
Thermal analysis of PCM containing heat exchanger enhanced with normal annular fines
Authors: Hosseini M. J. , Rahimi M. , Bahrampoury R.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In this study, the effect of fins' height and Stefan number on performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger which contains a phase change material is investigated numerically and experimentally. Melting time, solidification time, liquid mass fraction, melting and solidification front and temperature distribution in different directions (longitudinal, radial and angular) are among criteria for the heat exchangers' comparison. In order to generalize the comparison, melting and solidification fronts are studied for different sections of the shell, fin section and mid-section, for different fins' height during charging and discharging processes. The results show that, these two parameters play important roles in the heat exchanger performance. Increasing Stefan number, the melting time reduces; which exhibits a descending trend in rate when the fins are heightened. In addition, investigating both processes, it can be figured out that increasing fins' height influences the solidification time more significantly than melting.
From reading literature in secondary school to its learning assessment in the 12th year national exam
Authors: Pereira da Costa Maria Carolina C.V. , Silva António Carvalho
Published: October 2015

Literature plays a core role in the class of Portuguese Language, a specialised context for teaching literacy competencies. This text reports a study about knowledge and skills privileged in literary texts’ reading in national exams. A document analysis of seventeen exams of Portuguese, used by the Ministry of Education between 1996 and 2012, was conducted to identify the “reading objects” chosen for the exams, the text structures that were the focus of the questions and the reading operations requested. The results show that besides the central role of the national literary canon in the assessment, contemporary poetry texts are the preferred “reading objects”. This allows the conclusion that questions about literary contents aim to evaluate student’s critical thinking regarding works by canonical authors. The study also showed that reading literature is perceived as the act of understanding and (re)constructing the meanings of a text by an active and competent reader.
Receptividad al aprendizaje de grupos nominales en inglés según el nivel MCERL
Authors: Rubio Ana Luz
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar cómo la enseñanza explítcita de los GN en ICT, facilita su adquisisción en alumnos de ingeniería españoles a partir de un cierto nivel de competencia del MCERL. Se aplicó una metodología basada en ´noticing` con alumnos de diferentes niveles MCERL. Los resultados se analizaron estadísiticamente con el fin de comprobar su eficacia, concluyendo que para asimilar dicho rasgo lingüístico es preciso superar el umbral de usuario independiente B1, con un resultado en progresión ascendente al pasar de usuario competente C1 y descendente al aumentar la complejidfad del GN.
Présentation. Histoire de la psychiatrie à l’Université de Montréal : passages et impasses
Authors: Stip Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Dans sa forme actuelle, le Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal a été créé en 1964. La première personne à l’avoir dirigé fut le Dr Gérard Beaudoin qui est véritablement entré en fonction le 1er janvier 1965. Puis, les directeurs du département ont été de 1951 à maintenant : Drs Fernand Côté, Camille Laurin, Gérard Beaudoin, Yvon Gauthier, Arthur Amyot, François Borgeat, Hugues Cormier, Sylvain Palardy, Jean Hébert et Emmanuel Stip. L’histoire du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal est largement tributaire de celle de chacun des établissements qui sont affiliés à l’Université, comme le pavillon Albert-Prévost de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (HSCM), l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM) ou le CHU Sainte-Justine. On doit également se remémorer que la découverte de la potentialisation du lithium par les antidépresseurs a été faite à l’Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine (aujourd’hui l’IUSMM) par l’équipe du Dr Claude De Montigny. Les avancées significatives liées à l’interaction entre le mouvement psychanalytique et la psychiatrie communautaire ont grandement été influencées par les travaux menés au pavillon Albert-Prévost et l’émergence des thérapies comportementales (Dr Yves Lamontagne) et cognitives par les études effectuées à l’Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine. Les grandes découvertes sur le sommeil ont été réalisées à l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal par des équipes rassemblées autour du psychiatre Jacques Montplaisir. Deux ministres du gouvernement du Québec ayant des responsabilités politiques importantes ont été membres ou directeurs du Département de psychiatrie : Camille Laurin et Denis Lazure. De plus, le Département de psychiatrie est à l’origine d’un livre essentiel d’enseignement pour la psychiatrie francophone canadienne : Psychiatrie clinique : une approche biopsychosociale.
La folie, c’est de n’avoir pas d’autres normes que soi-même : la psychiatrie au cours de l’après-guerre au Québec1
Authors: Perreault Isabelle
Published: October 2015

Au début des années 1950, la publication du Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel (DSM-I) et l’arrivée de la psychopharmacologie, avec la chlorpromazine (Largactil), posent les bases d’une psychiatrie encore actuelle. Au cours de cette décennie, en 1955, le département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal est fondé. Une cohorte de jeunes chercheurs, fraîchement débarqués de la France et de la côte est des États-Unis, y sont associés. Ils commencent dès lors à critiquer le système asilaire de l’époque, un système qui sera restructuré à la suite de la Commission d’étude des hôpitaux psychiatriques (Rapport Bédard) en 1962. Un fort mouvement de désinstitutionnalisation s’opère alors en parallèle à la laïcisation des institutions psychiatriques au Québec. Cet article explore le courant intellectuel conjoint à cette époque, l’antipsychiatrie, et soulève des éléments souvent passés sous silence lorsqu’il est question de la psychiatrie au cours de l’après-guerre.
Quel est l’avenir du Centre hospitalier Louis-H. Lafontaine ?
Authors: Wallot Hubert
Published: October 2015

La transformation d’une institution psychiatrique est toujours un défi et suppose un dialogue entre les acteurs sur le terrain préoccupés d’offrir de bons services et les acteurs gouvernementaux soucieux, en plus, d’un contrôle budgétaire. Ce dialogue est parfois absent et les crises font alors partie d’une évolution vers un temps meilleur. L’Hôpital Louis-H. Lafontaine a été l’objet de trois tutelles avant de s’acheminer vers le statut actuel d’institut universitaire en santé mentale. La première tutelle, qui ne porta pas ce nom, caractérise le passage d’une institution privée gérée par les religieuses à une institution publique avec ses aléas propres. Cette tranche d’histoire permet d’entrevoir comment pouvait s’effectuer à l’époque le questionnement des deux types d’acteurs sur le devenir d’un hôpital psychiatrique.
De l’École Gamelin à Rivière-des-Prairies : de la cassure du château à sa restauration ?
Authors: Wallot Hubert
Published: October 2015

L’histoire de l’hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, de ses origines à nos jours, ressemble à l’histoire des institutions psychiatriques au Canada Français : elle en constitue un condensé sur près de 80 ans : histoire marquée par une alternance d’initiatives généreuses et d’évènements regrettables sinon de scandales intolérables avec néanmoins un aboutissement récent heureux dans un partenariat fructueux à l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal. À partir du cas institutionnel présenté, cette histoire nous invite à réfléchir sur la vulnérabilité de l’institution psychiatrique à la perversion de ses innovations.
L’histoire de la science du stress : de Hans Selye à la découverte des anti-inflammatoires
Authors: Lupien Sonia
Published: October 2015

Pour faire une grande découverte scientifique qui marquera l’histoire, cela prend beaucoup de détermination, de créativité, de persévérance et de chance. L’histoire de la découverte du stress et de ses fondements biologiques est une histoire fascinante qui met au premier plan Dr Hans Selye, grande figure scientifique ayant enseigné à l’Université de Montréal de 1945 à sa mort, en 1982. Dr Selye était un homme curieux, rigoureux et travaillant. Sa grande détermination à comprendre le « syndrome de l’air malade » le mena à découvrir le rôle joué par les glandes surrénales dans la réponse du stress et à mieux comprendre les effets des glucocorticoïdes sur le corps. Ses travaux ont aussi mené à la découverte des anti-inflammatoires, les wonder drugs des années 1950, qui sont aujourd’hui étudiées pour leurs effets potentiellement positifs dans certains troubles mentaux. Aujourd’hui, la totalité de la science du stress et beaucoup d’études en psychiatrie utilisent les fondements mis en place par Dr Selye. Dans le cadre des célébrations du cinquantième anniversaire du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal et du numéro spécial de la revue Santé mentale au Québec, je résume l’histoire des découvertes de ce grand chercheur ayant oeuvré au Québec de 1945 à 1982.
Les Impatients : un parfum de santé
Authors: Lamontagne Céline , Palardy Lorraine
Published: October 2015

Modèle original et unique, les Impatients offrent aux personnes avec des problèmes de santé mentale la possibilité de créer en toute liberté. Que ce soit en art visuel, écriture, bande dessinée, musique et danse, les ateliers d’expression artistique ont pour but d’offrir aux Impatients la possibilité de s’épanouir par la création.

L’histoire des Impatients mérite d’être racontée en parallèle à une certaine histoire de la psychiatrie. L’acceptation et la reconnaissance de l’organisme par le milieu, la recherche d’un lieu signifiant ont été un travail de longue haleine. De 1989 à aujourd’hui, l’implantation et la croissance de l’organisme se sont déroulées progressivement. Le nombre de participants et de lieux augmente d’année en année et le partenariat avec différents organismes institutionnels et galeries d’art s’accroît. En 2015, ce sont : 48 ateliers et 450 personnes par semaine dans 8 lieux au Québec.

Des activités de diffusion, des événements marquants, des projets fous, les Impatients se distinguent par leurs réalisations : expositions, publications, disques compacts, concerts, soirées de lecture, etc. L’originalité consiste, entre autres, en l’exploration des liens entre le travail des participants et celui des artistes professionnels.

Les Impatients contribuent à la réinsertion des personnes dans la communauté. Les ateliers sont appréciés pour les impacts positifs sur les participants, notamment l’amélioration de l’estime de soi, la stimulation de la créativité et de la curiosité, la rupture de l’isolement, le développement d’un sentiment d’appartenance et la réduction de la fréquence et de la durée d’hospitalisation.

L’histoire des Impatients, leurs réalisations et les témoignages démontrent combien ils sont des précurseurs en matière de rétablissement.
Névroses actuelles, solution somatique ou mélancolique
Authors: Duparc François
Published: October 2015

Face aux pathologies actuelles et au spectre de la dépression dans ses multiples formes, l’idée d’une solution mélancolique ou somatique invite à répondre à un défi nosologique, un peu négligé dans le contexte de la psychiatrie contemporaine. Il s’agit de remettre à l’ordre du jour les névroses actuelles de Freud, pour complexifier nos stratégies d’analystes. De différencier l’ombre d’un objet idéalisé retombant sur le moi, d’une carence représentative traumatique telle qu’elle va produire une « forclusion » du fantasme originaire de castration, à l’origine d’une lignée psychosomatique proche de la neurasthénie ou de la dépression essentielle. Un exemple clinique, avec une stratégie adaptée pour une personne ayant développé une pathologie cancéreuse, permettra d’illustrer ces notions. La stratégie employée, qui vise à travailler avec des traces mal représentées, n’est pas incompatible avec l’évolution vers une analyse classique, en déjouant le piège de la névrose actuelle de notre temps.
Dieu, don, animal et la question du sujet
Authors: De Kesel Marc
Published: October 2015

Les tentatives contemporaines de donner une place sociale et politique à l’animal et de lui attribuer le statut de « sujet » renvoie toujours aussi à la question concernant le sujet humain, plus spécifiquement le sujet de la modernité. C’est parce que nous sommes trop sûrs (c’est-à-dire pas du tout sûrs) concernant ce qu’est le « sujet moderne », que nous inventons la question sur l’animalité. D’une certaine manière, pour le problème du sujet de la modernité, la question de l’animal a une fonction similaire à la question de Dieu. C’est pourquoi une référence à la tradition théologique chrétienne est nécessaire pour comprendre l’enjeu de notre fascination actuelle pour l’animalité. Analysé à partir du paradigme du don (conçu par Marcel Mauss), l’essai offre une courte généalogie de la relation de l’homme à l’animal et montre comment la religion (dans toutes ses formes) y est profondément impliqué.
Hormone Therapy and Biological Aging in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liu Yufan , Li Chenglong
Published: August 2024

Importance

Menopause is associated with biological aging, and hormone therapy (HT) is associated with health outcomes in postmenopausal women.

Objective

To evaluate the association between HT use and discrepancies between chronological and biological age in postmenopausal women as well as the potential modifying role of socioeconomic status (SES).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective cohort study included postmenopausal women registered in the UK Biobank. A baseline survey on HT use and biological aging biomarkers was conducted from March 2006 to October 2010. Data analyses were conducted in December 2023.

Exposures

Information regarding HT use, the age at starting HT, and HT duration was collected via a touchscreen questionnaire. SES was evaluated by education, family income, occupation, and the Townsend Deprivation Index.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Biological aging discrepancy was evaluated using validated phenotypic age, which was calculated using chronological age and 9 biomarkers measured at baseline. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were also assessed.

Results

Among the 117 763 postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age, 60.2 [5.4] years), 47 461 (40.3%) ever used HT. The mean phenotypic age was 52.1 (7.9) years. Ever use of HT was associated with a smaller biological aging discrepancy than never use of HT (β, −0.17 years; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.10 years). This smaller aging discrepancy was more evident in those who started HT at age 55 years or older (β, −0.32 years; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.15 years) and in those who used HT for 4 to 8 years (β, −0.25 years; 95% CI, −0.35 to −0.15 years). The association between HT and a smaller aging discrepancy was more evident in women with low SES, with a significant interaction observed for education (higher education: β, −0.08 years [95% CI, −0.17 to 0.01]; other education: β, −0.23 [95% CI, −0.32 to −0.14] years; P for interaction = .02). Phenotypic aging discrepancy mediated 12.7% (95% CI, 6.3% to 23.9%) of the association between HT and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, postmenopausal women with historical HT use were biologically younger than those not receiving HT, with a more evident association observed in those with low SES. The biological aging discrepancy mediated the association between HT and decreased mortality. Promoting HT in postmenopausal women could be important for healthy aging.
3d‐Orbital High‐Spin Configuration Driven From Electronic Modulation of Fe3O4/FeP Heterostructures Empowering Efficient Electrocatalyst for Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Huang Wenzhi , Wu Hao , Wu Yujie , Shi Kaixiang , Li Junhao , Zhang Weigang , Liu Quanbing
Published: August 2024

The intricate lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth critically hinder the commercialization of lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries. The rational and orderly assignment of multi‐electron induced flow is the critical link in sulfer redox reaction. Herein, the yolk‐shell Fe3O4/FeP@C heterostructure nanoreactors are fabricated to modulate electronic structure, including spin‐related charge behavior and orbital orientation control, which can demonstrate the interaction between catalytic activity and spin‐state conformation. The orbital spin splitting of Fe3O4/FeP@C induces the electron transition from low‐spin to high‐spin, where the non‐degenerate orbitals contribute to energy level up‐shift, guiding electron migration from FeP to Fe3O4, and activating more electronic states in 3d orbitals. Spin polarization guides electron flow and induces sulfur closed‐loop conversion, which are confirmed by DFT simulations and in situ Raman. Hence, the electrochemical performances are remarkable at ultra‐high current density and sulfur loading. Even an initial specific capacity of 928.5 mAh g−1 of a Li−S pouch cell reveals the practical prospect of Fe3O4/FeP@C/PP separator. The Li//Li symmetric cell cycles steadily for 4000 h, confirming the interlayer simultaneously promotes sulfur evolution kinetics and sieves lithium ions. This work deciphers the principles of spin‐orbit coupling, achieving the topological modulation of “charge−spin−orbit” toward electrocatalysts.
Toward Predicting the Formation of Integral‐Asymmetric, Isoporous Diblock Copolymer Membranes
Authors: Blagojevic Niklas , Das Shibananda , Xie Jiayu , Dreyer Oliver , Radjabian Maryam , Held Martin , Abetz Volker , Müller Marcus
Published: August 2024

The self‐assembly and nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (SNIPS) process of block copolymers and solvents enables the fabrication of integral‐asymmetric, isoporous membranes. An isoporous top layer is formed by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) and imparts selectivity for ultrafiltration of functional macromolecules or water purification. This selective layer is supported by a macroporous bottom structure that is formed by nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) providing mechanical stability. Thereby the permeability/selectivity tradeoff is optimized. The SNIPS fabrication involves various physical phenomena—e.g., evaporation, self‐assembly, macrophase separation, vitrification – and multiple structural, thermodynamic, kinetic, and process parameters. Optimizing membrane properties and rationally designing fabrication processes is a challenge which particle simulation can significantly contribute to. Using large‐scale particle simulations, it is observed that 1) a small incompatibility between matrix‐forming block of the copolymer and nonsolvent, 2) a glassy arrest that occurs at a smaller polymer concentration, or 3) a higher dynamical contrast between polymer and solvent results in a finer, spongy substructure, whereas the opposite parameter choice gives rise to larger macropores with an elongated shape. These observations are confirmed by comparison to experiments on polystyrene (PS)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) diblock copolymer membranes, varying the chemical nature of the coagulant or the temperature of coagulation bath.
Quantum Mechanical Derived (VdW‐DFT) Transferable Lennard–Jones and Morse Potentials to Model Cysteine and Alkanethiol Adsorption on Au(111)
Authors: Ventura‐Macias Emiliano , Martinez P. M. , Pérez Rubén , Vilhena J. G.
Published: August 2024

The cysteine and alkanethiol adsorption on Au(111) surfaces is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and classic molecular dynamics (MD). Understanding the S–Au interaction across different scales poses major challenges. DFT provides atomic‐level precision but it hardly provides insight on nanosecond scale dynamics of this interface. Alternatively, MD, although it enables modeling larger systems for longer periods, its accuracy heavily relies on the parameterization of the force fields (FF). To address this, an MD potential is fitted using DFT calculations, bridging the gap in accuracy and efficiency. At the DFT level, it is found that PBE with DFT‐D3 reproduces complex approaches at a fraction of the computational cost. Separating PBE and DFT‐D3 contributions reveals consistent PBE energy across molecules (chemisorption), while dispersion varies (physisorption). Thus, the interaction energy of cysteine and two short‐chain alkanethiols is calculated to parameterize both Morse and Lennard–Jones (LJ) potentials. The parameterization improves the potential energy in the preferred adsorption sites: the threefold hcp and fcc with respect to the previous proposals in the literature. Furthermore, the transferability is here demonstrated. At last, these results show that LJ potentials outperform more complex Morse potentials. The procedure is general, and the codes and supporting inputs are publicly available, allowing swift generation of potential energy surfaces (PES) at the DFT level, and fitted LJ or Morse potentials to any molecular interface.
Circularly Polarized Luminescent Liquid Crystal Copolymers Constructed by Triplet–Singlet Förster‐Resonance Energy Transfer: Achieving Large Glum Values, Long Lifetime, and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Zhou Mengdie , Lu Peng , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Yuyi , Yuan Yongjie , Gong Yongyang , Zhang Hailiang
Published: August 2024

Circularly polarized luminesce (CPL) materials are crucial for various applications, including display devices and bionics. However, existing CPL materials face difficulties in simultaneously meeting large luminescence asymmetry factors (glum), high photoluminescence quantum yields (PQY), and long lifetime. Here, a simple strategy to prepare a series of high‐performance CPL liquid crystal copolymers is constructed by triplet–singlet Förster‐resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET). A series of chiral liquid crystal copolymers are successfully synthesized by copolymerizing phosphorescent donor bearing chiral cholesterol mesogen with fluorescence acceptor bearing naphthalimide chromophore. The introduction of the naphthalimide component promotes the formation of twist grain boundary smectic‐A phase (TGBA*) and behaves distinctive selective reflective effect. An effective TS‐FRET process occurs in the two components of copolymers, and dual emission characteristics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence are observed in the copolymer films. When the naphthalimide content of copolymer is 10%, the luminescence lifetime can achieve 83.0 ms. As the naphthalimide content increases, the glum initially increases and subsequently decreases, reaching a maximum of −1.15. In addition, the copolymer films possess enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield by TS‐FRET with a maximum value of 68%. The application of copolymers in information security is also explored.
Er:LiNbO3 Quantum Memory Platform Optimized with Dynamic Defect Annealing
Authors: Slusar Tetiana , Azarov Alexander , Galeckas Augustinas , Hallén Anders , Ju Jung Jin , Moon Kiwon , Kuznetsov Andrej
Published: August 2024

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) exhibits poor radiation resistance when conventionally implanted with Er at room temperature. To repair the structural disorder, high‐temperature post‐implantation anneals are typically required; however, such treatments can cause sample cracking and dopant redistribution, which are incompatible with device applications. The optimized approach is proposed by performing implants at elevated but acceptably low temperatures to in situ minimize the structural defects generated in the collision cascades, via so‐called “dynamic defect annealing”. Thus, a gradual increase in Er optical activity is shown as a function of irradiation temperature in the range of 25–450 °C, in striking correlation with a decreasing trend for the residual disorder. The impact of moderate post‐implantation anneals is also investigated by comparing the results of anneals of samples implanted at 25 °C and 450 °C. This comparison further confirms the higher optical activation of Er and lower residual structural disorder when the material is initially implanted at elevated temperatures. Based on these data, it is concluded that the use of dynamic defect annealing during the Er implantation of LiNbO3 is a promising strategy for optimizing it as a quantum memory platform, resolving otherwise inevitable trade‐offs.