bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Max Weber’s “Science as a Vocation” and some aspects of aducational management
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Mikelashvili Merab
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes Max Weber's work "Science as a Vocation", which is actual even today and not
just because of the fact that it analyzes scientific learnings and social dynamics of international scientific unity. This
work takes us to scientific knowledge legacy and the lack of progress in science. When Weber discusses science, as
a calling and a profession, he sees science through its cultural-historical angle. He tries to show us that the inner
motivation of a scientist is always a professional calling. This idea is still relevant in modern times. Almost after a
century, Weber's heritage gives us a chance to reanalyze topics in new ways, ways that are connected to a human's
intellectual being. Therefore, some aspects of modern educational management need to be analyzed in a new way.
Regional Marketing
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Maghradze Manana , Tsereteli Tamar ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: December 2024

The article discusses regional marketing opportunities that have a significant impact on the
development of the region. The commercial success of the region is determined by market factors, and its competitive
position, business reputation and image formation are influenced by marketing factors, which are an important
element of the region's development. The effective result of regional policy implementation is the marketing
potential, which is aimed at meeting the needs of the target audience.
The development and establishment of regional marketing is carried out within the framework of territorial
marketing. Territorial marketing is a set of activities that are carried out to improve the image of the territory, to
satisfy the needs and requirements of the territory's customers towards the territory and serve to create, maintain
and/or change the interaction and behavior of individuals and companies.
The main task of regional marketing is to find ways to increase the loyalty of target customer groups in the region.
In order to most effectively meet the interests of real and prospective customers in the region, it is necessary to fully
understand what marketing resources and opportunities the region currently has and what ways there are to improve
them in the future. Accordingly, the main goal of regional marketing in a broad sense is to choose the right
development strategy, and in a narrow sense to evaluate and manage the marketing potential of the region
Perspectives of Implementation of "Smart City" on the Example of Batumi City
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Iashvili Genadi , Iashvili Tinatin ,   Georgian Technical University, Sherazadishvili Besik ,   Georgian Technical University, Chikovani Archil ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: December 2024

In the presented article - Prospects for the implementation of "Smart City" on the example of the city
of Batumi, the opportunities available in the city of Batumi in terms of technological development are analyzed.
under conditions of maximum involvement of youth. It is noted, that it is desirable to create an operationally
updatable platform that will combine various information related to youth in the city. In addition, it is desirable to
create an appropriate application that will give young people the opportunity to promptly receive information about
news online.
When conducting communication campaigns about the importance of innovation, it is desirable to focus on the
opportunities for continuous development and on them as a matter of the future. It is important to inform young
people about various services related to "smart city" technologies that are available for young people in Batumi. In
addition, an active campaign is necessary in order to inform about the possibilities of using the relevant spaces and
the services available there.
Tools and Challenges in Digital Humanities for Cultural Heritage in Spain
Authors: Abia Antoni García , Davalos Pablo , Notredame Juan Satorras
Published: December 2024

Digital humanities have emerged as a transformative field, leveraging technology to preserve and analyze cultural artifacts. In Spain, the integration of digital tools into cultural heritage projects has significantly enhanced documentation, analysis, and public engagement. This study explores the tools and methodologies employed in these initiatives, evaluates their effectiveness, and identifies challenges and opportunities. Conducted throughout 2023, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach involving 150 respondents, including scholars, heritage professionals, and policymakers, with data collected from institutions such as the National Library of Spain and prominent cultural sites like the Alhambra. The findings highlight the widespread use of digital imaging (85%), 3D modeling (78%), virtual reality (65%), and geospatial mapping (70%), each contributing uniquely to heritage preservation and accessibility. While the effectiveness of these tools is evident, challenges such as the lack of standardized methodologies, insufficient funding, and limited training persist. Opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of emerging technologies like AI suggest a promising future. This study underscores the need for standardized practices, increased funding, and enhanced training programs to fully realize the potential of digital humanities. Future research should focus on scaling these initiatives and exploring innovative applications of advanced technologies to further enhance the preservation of Spain's cultural legacy.
PREVALENCE & DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSION IN TYPE-2 DIABETES PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN URBAN AREA OF MEERUT CITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Aziz Sartaj , Bano Tanveer , Jain Seema
Published: December 2024

Background And Objectives: Depression is common among patient with Diabetes and is associated with poor outcome. Little is known about
Depression in diabetes. This Study was carried out to investigate the prevalence & determinants of Depression in patients with established type-2
diabetes (T2DM) attending a tertiary care centre in Meerut. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional carried out in General Medicine OPD of
L.L.R.M, Medical College, Meerut from January to March 2023. Patients above 18 year of age with established T2DM were evaluated for
depression by administrating the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the
data of the socio-demographic profile, duration of diabetes, information regarding current treatment, association with co-morbidities and other
socio-clinical factors was also analyzed. Those with a score of 10 or more were considered to be suffering from depression. Data analysis was done
using Epi info version 7.2.5.0. Chi-square was used to test for association between categorical variables, and a P< 0.05 was considered statistically
significant. Results: A total of 106 patients participated in the study, of which 61 (57.5%) were males. Depression was found to be present in 25
(23.6%) participants. Ahigher proportion of patients with depression were patient above 60 years of age, unemployed, patient belonging to lower
socioeconomic class, single/divorced/separated candidate, and chronic patient with >5 years of treatment (P < 0.05). Depression was not found to
be associated with religion, gender, education, current treatment, BMI, duration of diabetes and other co-morbidities. Conclusion: This study
showed high prevalence of depression in patients with T2DM. Depression leads to lack of self-care by the diabetic and endangers the therapeutic
compliance, accounting for a derangement in metabolic control which in turn causes further diabetic complications and may even result in
hospitalization. Early recognition of depressive symptoms may prevent occurrence of other complications of diabetes also Elderly peoples are to
be given extra care, regular counselling and psychiatric visits to prevent further co-morbidities like depression in diabetes.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER IN WORKING AGE GROUP PEOPLE OF RURAL INDIA BY SCREENING PLANTAR PRESSURE BY FOOT IMPRINTS
Authors: Pedhavengari Avinash , Kumar P. Ganesh , Ragavan Pavitraa Seenivasa
Published: December 2024

This study, funded by ICMR ( Indian Council of Medical Research) investigates the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and diabetic
foot ulcers, aiming to predict patient outcomes. The findings have significant implications for early intervention and management of high-pressure
areas to prevent ulcer formation and improve prognosis.
Key Highlights:
1. High plantar pressure gradient found in forefoot, hindfoot, and 1st toe of both feet in diabetic foot ulcer patients.
2. Commonest sites of ulcer formation: forefoot, hindfoot, and toes.
3. Association between deformities, callosities, and limited ankle joint mobility with high plantar pressure.
4. Poor prognostic index for diabetic foot ulcer patients with recurrent or non-healing ulcers.
The Importance of This Study Lies in its Potential to:
1. Identify high-risk patients for early intervention and prevention of foot ulcers.
2. Inform targeted treatment strategies for reducing plantar pressure and promoting ulcer healing.
3. Enhance patient outcomes and quality of life by minimizing the risk of complications.
4. Contribute to the development of personalized care plans for diabetic patients.
By understanding the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and diabetic foot ulcers, paves us the way for improved management and
prevention of various debilitating complications.
A RARE PRESENTATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A YOUNG FEMALE
Authors: Saimani Charan Abbaiahvari , Bhandary Ram Mohan
Published: December 2024

Poncet's disease, is an uncommon form of reactive arthritis associated with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. We present the case of a young woman
with persistent fever, bilateral lower limb pain, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis was confirmed through histopathology revealing
tuberculous lymphadenitis, and initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy led to marked clinical improvement. This case underscores the importance of
recognizing Poncet's disease in patients presenting with fever, arthritis, and tuberculosis, particularly in regions with high tuberculosis prevalence.
UNRECOGNIZED CRANIAL OSTEOMYELITIS POST-SCALP INJURY: INSIGHTS INTO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rajput Darshan , Sasan Chirag , Gupta Aradhana , Gautam Abhishek
Published: December 2024

This article presents a case of delayed-onset cranial osteomyelitis in a 5-year-old boy following a traumatic scalp injury. Three months after a fall,
the patient developed a non-healing wound on his forehead, which failed to improve with initial treatment. Imaging revealed multiple lytic defects
in the frontal bone, leading to a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The patient underwent craniectomy, debridement, and primary repair, with negative
cultures. He responded well to treatment, and no recurrence was noted at follow-up. The case highlights the importance of early recognition,
advanced imaging, and timely intervention in managing cranial osteomyelitis, even months after mild head trauma.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TRANSPERINEAL ULTRASOUND (TPUS ) IN COMPARISON TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: K S Harshan , Prasad B S Satish
Published: December 2024

Fistula in ano, an abnormal connection between the anal canal or rectum and perianal skin, presents significant challenges, often arising from
cryptoglandular origins or Crohn's disease. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS), a non-invasive, costeffective imaging modality, compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative assessment of perianal fistulae. Patients with
suspected perianal fistulae underwent both TPUS and MRI. TPUS demonstrated high sensitivity (83.8%) and specificity (71.4%) for detecting
external openings, moderate sensitivity (62.9%) and specificity (66.6%) for external sphincter involvement, and low sensitivity (40%) but high
specificity (81.7%) for internal sphincter involvement. TPUS showed a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 78.6% for detecting internal openings,
and moderate sensitivity (58.3%) with high specificity (88.8%) for abscesses and secondary tracts. TPUS effectively ruled out additional tracts with
very high specificity (94.4%). Overall, TPUS proved to be a reliable, non-invasive alternative to MRI for diagnosing perianal fistulae, making it
suitable for initial assessment and follow-up. It should be considered as a first-line imaging tool for patients with suspected perianal fistulae,
guiding more effective treatment plans and improving patient outcomes.
CORRELATION OF SURGICAL MARGINS AND PATHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN BREAST CONSERVATION SURGERY FOR BREAST CANCER
Authors: Goel Sapna , Anil Anil , Singh Goel Kanwar , Gupta Tarun
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast conservation surgery (BCS) is a primary treatment for early-stage breast cancer, providing oncological control while
preserving breast tissue. However, achieving clear surgical margins is crucial to minimize recurrence and avoid reoperation. This study aimed to
evaluate the correlation between surgical margin status and pathological outcomes, particularly recurrence rates and the need for re-excision.
Materials & Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over 24 months, involving 150 breast cancer patients who underwent
BCS. Data on tumor characteristics, margin status, recurrence, and re-excision rates were collected and analyzed. Margin status was classified as
negative, close, or positive. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:Among the 150 patients,
53.3% were aged 41-60 years. Tumor size significantly influenced margin status, with larger tumors associated with positive margins. Recurrence
rates were 3.6% for negative margins, 14.3% for close margins, and 48% for positive margins. Re-excision rates were 2.4% for negative margins,
23.8% for close margins, and 72% for positive margins. Patients with negative margins had significantly longer recurrence-free survival (48.5
months). Conclusion: Achieving negative margins is critical for reducing recurrence and re-excision rates in breast-conserving surgery for breast
cancer.
THE EFFICACY OF LRINEC SCORING IN PATIENTS WITH NECROTIZING FASCIITIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE OUTCOMES.
Authors: Vinay Ram Grandhi , Sreeramulu P. N. , Aravind V. R. , Aswani K. , Ullalkar Neha , Vaibhavi Vaibhavi , Amarnath G.
Published: December 2024

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, life-threatening infection that
affects the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. Despite advancements in
medical care, its mortality remains high, reaching up to 40% globally
and even higher in certain regions. Common risk factors include trivial
trauma, surgical wounds, and underlying conditions like diabetes,
while definitive causes remain elusive in many cases. The infection
often localizes in the lower extremities, trunk, and perineum, and is
characterized by severe pain, blisters, crepitus, oedema, and rapidly
spreading haemorrhagic bullae.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POST-BURN NECK CONTRACTURE RELEASE AND COVERAGE WITH FLAP VS GRAFT
Authors: Priyadarshinee Purabi , Sow Monoranjan , Sarkar Arindam , Sharma Komal , Sharma Govind
Published: December 2024

Aim: To compare release of post- burn neck contractures and coverage with flap vs graft. Material and Methods: A comparative study was
conducted in the Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, IPGME&R, a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata for a period of 15 months among
40 patients admitted in this institute with burn injury as well as those presenting either in the OPD or Emergency unit with post-burn neck
contracture. Half of patients randomly underwent flap and half received skin graft. The outcome measures including initial improvement in neck
extension, patient's satisfaction with colour, texture, match and recurrent contracture formation rate were assessed. Post-operative management
and monitoring was done as per procedure. Physiotherapy and neck splintage was done in case of grafts. Follow-up was done at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3
months and 6 months to be carried out along with clinical photography. Results: Females were comparatively more as compared to males. Early
post op complications were not found in 50% and 40% of the subjects in flap and SSG group respectively. Most common complication in flap group
was marginal flap necrosis (30%) while in SSG group, it was mild graft loss (30%). Late post op complications were not revealed in 75% and 60%
of the subjects in flap and SSG group respectively. Functional outcome was better in flap as compared to SSG group with statistically significant
difference as p<0.05. Good and excellent aesthetic outcome was reported more in flap as compared to SSG group with statistically significant
difference as p<0.05.Over-all outcome score was better in flap as compared to SSG group with statistically significant difference as p<0.05.
Conclusion: Grafts and local flaps are reasonable options for post contracture release; however, flaps are superior. Coverage selection depends on
the lost tissue area and exposure of underlying deep structures. Physiotherapy and patient satisfaction are crucial in the outcomes.
ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND GUIDED BILATERAL ERECTOR SPINAE PLANE BLOCK FOR LUMBAR SPINE SURGERIES – A CASE SERIES.
Authors: P Ashalatha , M Suchitra , Kumar K Kishore , Priya K Krishna , J Shubhashree
Published: December 2024

Background: Perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries is usually managed with multimodal approaches. Bilateral
ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block is given as a part of multimodal analgesia. This case series is to analyze the analgesic efficacy of
ultrasound guided bilateral erector spinae plane block in perioperative period and assess the total requirement of rescue analgesia in first 24 hours.
Methods: In this case series ,15 patients posted for lumbar spine surgeries received bilateral ultrasound guided erector spinae block with 40 ml of
0.2% Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg per kg body weight, after intubation and positioning. Intraoperative hemodynamics was
monitored every 30minutes after incision. Post operative pain was assessed using VAS score every 2nd hourly for the first 24 hours in PACU.
Intravenous Tramadol 100mg was given as rescue analgesia if VAS score ≥4 and total amount of rescue analgesia consumed in 24 hours was noted.
Results: Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (HR, SBP, DBP, MAP) were stable throughout the procedure. Post operative pain was mild in the
initial 12 hours with VAS Score 2-3 and 4-5 in the next 12 hours. Mean total duration of analgesia among 15 patients was 505.7±57.6 min. Mean
amount of rescue analgesic (Tramadol) consumed was 166.7 ± 72.4mg. Conclusion: ESPB, widely used as a part of multimodal analgesia, will
provide stable intraoperative hemodynamics, effective for managing acute pain in post operative period and will reduce the requirement of
analgesic doses. Helps in early ambulation and recovery.
RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT OF UTILITY AND WASTAGE OF BLOOD COMPONENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Priya. E Sabari , S Sowmya.
Published: December 2024

Context: Blood is a valuable and indispensable resource. The primary responsibility of blood transfusion services is to promote adequate, safe,
sufficient supply of various blood and blood components. The utilization of blood components has minimized need for whole blood The aim Aims:
of the study is to assess utility and wastage of blood and blood components in tertiary care center Settings and Design: It was a retrospective crosssectional study carried out at the blood center of tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 years from 2017-2019 Details of Methods and Material:
total donors donated, components separated, total components issued, and discarded due to various reasons were collected from blood bank
registers. Collected data was entered in excel and frequency and distribution were calculated The t Results: otal no of components prepared
were19,679 units, total no of components issued to various patients were whole blood 224 (1%), packed red cells 7288 (46.3%), fresh frozen
plasma 4746 (30%), platelets 3354 (21.2%) and cryoprecipitate 156 (0.9%) . The total no of components discarded due to various reasons were
1489 with a discard rate of 7.6% Regular audit of pattern of utilization and discard of various bloo Conclusions: d and blood components serves as
an effective internal quality control tool for effective functioning of blood bank services. Educational sessions must be carried for all clinicians
especially new joining cadre to emphasis on rationale use and prevent inappropriate usage and wastage of precious resources
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF FEMTO SECOND- LASER ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS VS SMILE SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF MYOPIA WITH ASTIGMATISM
Authors: Shastry T R Anusha , Babu G Suresh
Published: December 2024

Background: Refractive surgeries are one of the most common operations performed globally. Refractive surgical options include laser corneal
surgeries such as photorefractive keratectomy, laser assisted keratomileusis, laser assisted subepithelial keratectomy and refractive lenticule
extraction. Methodology: In this Hospital based prospective, interventional, comparative study, conducted at Regional Institute of
Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital during the study period from August 2022 to January 2024. 24 patients (48 eyes) with myopia and
astigmatism were included. patients were randomized into 2 groups wherein 24 eyes underwent Small incision lenticule extraction and 24 eyes
underwent Femtosecond Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Results & Conclusion : The mean age was 26 .33 in the SMILE and 26 in the FS
LASIK group. Mean BCVAat the of 6 months was -0.006 and 0.052 respectively which was statistically significant. IOPalso showed a significance
difference between the groups though it was within normal limits. There was no significant difference in terms of contrast sensitivity and
stereoacuity between the groups.
EVALUATION OF POSTOPERATIVE CHRONIC PAIN IN KNEE ARTHROPLASTY PATIENTS USING INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE: A RANDOMIZED CASE SERIES
Authors: Girija Kumari Ballarapu , Vijay Manasa , J Subhashree , Galivite Vineeth Reddy , Priya K Krishna
Published: December 2024

This randomized case series aimed to evaluate the impact of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with heavy bupivacaine on chronic postoperative pain in unilateral knee arthroplasty patients. Sixty patients with ASAI and II classification received 10 mcg dexmedetomidine along with
0.5% heavy bupivacaine intrathecally. Pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4)
score. Ten patients were excluded post-operatively, resulting in a sample of 50. Results indicated a statistically insignificant impact on chronic pain
reduction, suggesting further study with adjusted dosages or larger cohorts.
ENDONASAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY OUR EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Valse Dinesh , Handi Prakash , Somanath Somanath , Abdullah Abdullah , Annadure Akash , Naikar Mangala , Khasge Abhishek
Published: December 2024

Background: The lacrimal system of eye components are tear film and tear drainage system.The following is the lacrimal pathway: Lacrimal
gland→conjuctival sac→lacrimal puncta→Ampulla→ canaliculus→ common canaliculus→ lacrimal sac → nasolacrimal duct. The lacrimal sac
drains into the nasolacrimal duct, which is lined by mucosa and enters the nose through the valve of Hasner beneath the inferior turbinate in the
inferior meatus. Endo nasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery bypasses obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct by creating a new orifice into the
nose at the level of the lacrimal sac. To evaluate the results of endonasal DCR surgery and to ac Aims And Objectives: cess efficacy of this
procedure. This is study Methodology: includes all the patients who were diagnosed as chronic dacrocystitis and managed for the same, in the
department of ENT,ESIC MC & PGIMSR KALABURGI from year may 2022 to April 2024. A total of 30 pati Results: ents were included in this
study. Out of these, 10 (33.3 %) were males and 20 (66.6 %) were females. With more no.of cases were seen in 40-50years of age. Surgical success
was defined as anatomical patency and symptomatic relief at the end of the follow up period which was observed in 27 of 30 (90%) patients.
Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal DCR is a safe and efficient surgical technique for treating nasolacrimal duct occlusion. The nasal cavity's
anatomy can be seen more clearly. Endoscopically, the sac is viewed, and as a result, the outcome is determined during surgery. When compared to
external DCR, this technique provides comparable clinical alleviation from epiphora. Stenting the surgically made aperture between the nasal
cavity and the lacrimal sac is not required.
SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND ITS HEALTH EFFECTS IN ADOLESCENT STUDENTS OF WEST BENGAL
Authors: Begum Mamtaz , Peter Blessy
Published: December 2024

Background-The rising level ofsmartphone addiction and its health effects among adolescent and adultis observed in different part oftheworld during
and beforeCOVIDpandemic period.AfterCOVIDpandemic period life style and practices become change butsmartphone use behaviouris unknown.
More over physical, psychological and social health are inseparable.Therefore, presentstudy aimed in assessing the health effectsin terms of physical,
psychological and social health ofsmartphone addiction among adolescentsmartphone user and the differences of health effects between addicted and
normal user group of adolescents.Method-Total 420 adolescentsmartphone userwere participated according to theirrepresentativeness by gender and
standard of education from five secondary school of a subdivision in West Bengal. Smartphone addiction was measured by a standardized tool
Smartphone addiction scale short version and health effects was measured by a three-point rating scale. Result- The mean of smartphone addiction
score of male and female adolescent students was 28.5±8.49 and 28.7±8.95 respectively and there were no significant differences [t(df) =-.258) 418
betweenmean score ofsmartphone addiction ofmale and female adolescentstudents.Significant higher health effects[F(1,418)=44.247,p<0.001]were
observed among addicted user of smartphone than normal user of smartphone. Conclusion –To minimize health effects of Smartphone addiction,
repeatedawareness programat communitylevelis essential andrestrictionofphoneuse atindividuallevelismandatory
PRIMARY ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE BREAST-MISTAKEN YET RARE AGGRESSIVE NEOPLASM
Authors: Kumar V Harish , Prasad B S Satish
Published: December 2024

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare potentially life-threatening disease. Given its variable and non-specific clinical, radiological and
pathological presentation, accurate diagnosis is a challenge. Primary angiosarcoma of the breast predominantly occurs in younger patients and it is
often overlooked and misdiagnosed in radiology and pathology. To ensure that this aggressive malignancy is not overlooked, we need to be aware
of the fact that such tumours may present with non-specific imaging features. Initially, it was diagnosed as Pseudo-angiomatous stromal
hyperplasia (PASH) with radio-pathological discordance, then IHC and second HPE led to diagnosis of angiosarcoma, Hence we need to be aware
of its imaging presentation. We hereby are presenting Mammographic, Ultrasound, doppler, PET CT and MRI findings of a patient who presented
to our hospital with a large lump in the right breast.
CORELATES OF LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF RURALADOLESCENT GIRLS OF VARANASI
Authors: Krishna Jaya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of unpredictable behaviour. During this period, they experience several psychological and emotional
problems. Complex life style, competitiveness, and radiant anxiety make adolescents more vulnerable to anxiety. Method: A community based
cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. 376 adolescent girls were selected from rural Varanasi by adopting appropriate sampling
technique. Pretested schedule and Sarasona's Test Anxiety Scale was applied to assess the level of anxiety. Results: Out of 376 subjects 9.1%,
85.6% and 5.3% were in low, average and high grade of anxiety, respectively. Status of anxiety is significantly high among adolescent girls who
have sibling <4 (338 vs 38, p=0.016). and with their menstrual status (247 vs 129, p=0.035). Conclusion: Menstrual period of adolescent girls
needs more care and counselling services in a friendly and conducive environment.
“SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CHILD-TURCOTTE-PUGH SCORE
Authors: Kumar Abhilash , Malik Praveen Kumar , Parashar Raman , Kaushik Deepali
Published: December 2024

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid levels and the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classification in chronic liver disease
(CLD) patients. Methods:Across-sectional study was conducted involving CLD patients. Serum uric acid levels were measured and categorized
according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification (Class A, B, C). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between uric acid
levels and disease severity. Results:Asignificant correlation was found between elevated uric acid levels and more severe CTP classification, with
higher levels observed in Class B and C patients. Conclusion: Elevated serum uric acid may serve as an indicator of disease progression in CLD
patients, correlating with higher Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores
Early Childhood Development in Iraq: Challenges and Future Policies
Authors: Ihsan Omar Muhammad Saeed Al-Hadithi
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى الإسهامِ في تحسين واقع الطفولة المبكّرة في العراق وتنميتها عن طريق الوقوف عندَ أبرزِ التحديات من جهة، وتقديم مجموعة من السياسات بوصفها قاعدة للانطلاق نحو عملية بناء سليم لها على وفق خطوات تنفيذية مدروسة من جهة اخرى. ومن أبرز التحديات: تدني معدلات التحاق الاطفال في مرحلة التعليم قبل المدرسة حيث بلغت نسبتها (11%)قياساً إلى معدلات النمو السكاني، وهي نسبة متدنية جدا دون مستوى الطموح داخليّاً ودون مستوى البلدان المحيطة بالعراقِ-على أقلِّ تقديرٍ-ولا شَكَّ أنَّ هذهِ النسبة ناقوسُ خطرٍ يُحَتِّمُّ الوقوف عنده لبيانِ الأسباب والمعالجات. تحدي البنى التحتية النقص الحاد في عدد الأبنية، وانخفاض عدد الشعب وعدم قدرة المتوافر منها على استيعاب الاعداد الكبيرة للمتعلمين. تحدي التشريعات والقوانين: اقتصار التعليم الالزامي على مرحلة التعليم الابتدائي في التشريعات والقوانين العراقية النافذة، بنص الدستور العراقي 2005 المادة(34) منه، وقانون وزارة التربية(22) لسنة 2011. أما عن أبرز السياسات المستقبلية: سياسة الالتحاق: تغير نظام التعليم العام في العراق 4 * 4 * 4 وإلحاق مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة بالتعليم الابتدائي. سياسة البنى التحتية (الابنية) شمول بناء رياض الاطفال بالقرض الصيني، وتخصيص ايرادات قانون الحملة الوطنية لبناء المدارس ورياض الاطفال رقم 19 لسنة 2019م لبناء الرياض كأولوية للسنوات الخمسة القادمة، والعمل بمشروع الصف التمهيدي السنة الخامسة من عمر الطفل. تعديل قانون وزارة التربية رقم 22 لسنة 2011 الفصل الرابع المادة (8) أولاً بإضافة مرحلة رياض الأطفال، (وأن يكون التعليم في رياض الاطفال الزامياً او شبه الزامي)
The Dystopian World of Lanford Wilson’s Angles Fall: A Foucualdian Reading
Authors: Basaad Maher Mhayyal  , Sana Lazim Hasan
Published: December 2024

تبحث هذه الدراسة في مسرحية لانفورد ويلسون "سقوط الملائكة" وتصورها كمجتمع بائس، فيه يسلط ويلسون الضوء على الوضع المهمش للسكان الأصليين، وخاصة الأمريكيين الأصليين الذين يعيشون بالقرب من المناجم النووية. تُظهر السلطات تجاهلًا لحياتهم وصحتهم بسبب شعورهم بالفوقية على هؤلاء الأفراد الأصليين. يهدف ويلسون إلى تصوير الواقع المرير السياسي والتكنولوجي والبيئي الذي يتوقع مستقبلًا حيث يلوح التهديد الوشيك بكارثة نووية على البشرية. تبحث الدراسة في مسرحية "سقوط الملائكة" من خلال تسليط الضوء على بعض من مفاهيم ميشيل فوكو مثل اليوتوبيا المغايرة، والقوة مقابل المقاومة، والجنون، كما يعكسها لانفورد ويلسون. في هذه المسرحية يصور ويلسون الصراع على السلطة، خاصة من خلال شخصيتي الأب دوهرتي ودون تاباها، لدعم نظرية فوكو التي تؤكد أنه حيثما توجد القوة، ستكون هناك مقاومة من نوع ما، وهو ما يتم التحقيق فيه من خلال هذا البحث.
Psychological happiness and its relationship to level of ambition among students of Faculty of Education at the University of Zakho - evening studies
Authors: Kajeen Hussein Karro
Published: December 2024

ان طبيعة الدراسة الحالية لتعرف على السعادة النفسية وعلاقته بالمستوى الطموح لدى طلبة كلية التربية في جامعة زاخو\دراسات المسائية. حيث يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على مستوى السعادة النفسية ومستوى الطموح لدى طلبة كلية التربية، وايضا التعرف على علاقة بين السعادة النفسية والمستوى الطموح لدى طلبة الدراسة، وكذلك التعرف على الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية بين مستوى السعادة النفسية ومستوى الطموح وفقاً للمتغيرات: الجنس، العمر، الحالة الاقتصادية، لدى طلبة كلية التربية الدراسات المسائية، ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة اتبعت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي المناسب لهذه الدراسة حيث تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من كلية التربية في جامعة زاخو، وقد شملت عينة البحث الحالي (125) طالباً وطالبة. وتمثلت ادوات الدراسة في مقياسين: مقياس السعادة النفسية الذي يحتوي على (27) فقرة ومقياس مستوى الطموح والذي يحتوي على (27) فقرة من اعداد سماوي وشاهين (2019). وبعد التحقق من صدق وثبات الأدوات تم تطبيقها لغرض تحقيق أهداف البحث الحالي. تم تحليل البيانات بواسطة برنامج (SPSS) حيث توصل البحث الحالي الى النتائج التالية: وجود فروق بين مستوى السعادة النفسية ومستوى الطموح لدى عموم الطلبة، ، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في السعادة النفسية حسب متغير الجنس، لصالح الذكور ولا يوجد الفرق بين افراد العينة البحث في مستوى الطموح حسب متغير الجنس. ايضا وجود فرق بين أفراد عينة البحث في السعادة النفسية حسب متغير العمر ولصالح 23- 28 سنه ولا يوجد الفرق بين افراد العينة البحث في مستوى الطموح حسب متغير العمر. ولا توجد فرق ذات دلالة احصائية في السعادة النفسية ومستوى الطموح عند عينة البحث حسب متغير الحالة الاقتصادية. وفي ضوء النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث الحالي فانه يضع بعض التوصيات والمقترحات.
Authors: Putri Yola Amelda , Ilahi Ilham
Published: December 2024

This research aims to measure the effectiveness of productive zakat distribution in efforts to eradicate poverty in Bukittinggi City. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using research questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis process goes through several stages, namely the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation/display, and drawing conclusions. The results of data analysis obtained in this research, namely the Bukittinggi Makmur Program from BAZNAS Bukittinggi City, were proven to be quite effective because its effectiveness reached a value of 65.362%. This shows that the beneficiaries of this program, namely mustahik from BAZNAS Bukittinggi City, experienced economic improvement with their business income increasing. With business capital assistance from BAZNAS Bukittinggi City, mustahik can develop their business by expanding their merchandise, providing sustainable benefits for their own business.
Authors: Busri Busri , Selamet Selamet , Hakim Luqman
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Jasser Auda's thoughts began with his criticism of Ushul Fiqh. This research answers first, Ushul al-Fiqh tends to be textual and ignores the purpose of the text; second, classification of several ulus al-Fiqh theories which lead to binary and dichotomous logic; third, the analysis of al-Fiqh's proposal is reductionist and atomistic. Apart from that, Jasser Auda also criticized the classic Maqasid which was too focused on individual benefit so that it was unable to answer current global problems. Therefore, Jasser Auda expands the scope and dimensions of classical maqasid theory to answer the challenges of modern times. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. This research produces Jasser Auda's theory, namely the system as an approach in Islamic law, and develops a collection of categories using six system characteristics, namely cognitive nature, connectedness, wholeness, openness, multidimensionality, and meaningfulness. This research also reveals the figure of a Contemporary Maqasyid Sharia Thinker where he did not eliminate the Classical Maqasyid Sharia, he only developed it to suit the needs of today's society. This research is considered important in current developments with increasing legal needs. Jasser Audha with his Maqasyid Syariah concept is able to connect these six with the current legal needs of the Islamic ummah. So Jasser Audha's thoughts are very relevant as a legal basis for Maqasyid Sharia today so that the Muslim ummah is not too fanatical about one opinion and is more open.
Authors: Hesmawati Hesmawati , Susanti Septria
Published: December 2024

Dapat diyakini secara luas bahwa angkatan kerja, pendidikan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Pertumbuhan ekonomi, lapangan kerja, pengangguran. Metodologi penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, khususnya statistik tahunan mengenai dampak pertumbuhan ekonomi, pendidikan dan partisipasi angkatan kerja, terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Riau. Selanjutnya diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 21 software penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan alat analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angkatan kerja, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Riau. Dengan Sig sebesar 0,028 < α 0,05 maka variabel Pertumbuhan Ekonomi mempunyai pengaruh terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran. Dalam kaitannya dengan Pendidikan (X2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 0,004 < α 0,05 terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran (Y). Selanjutnya tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan Sig.0.52 > α 0.05 dari Angkatan Kerja (X3) terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran (Y). Secara bersamaan, variabel independen penelitian ini berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Riau selama tahun 1993–2023 dengan nilai sebesar (Sig. 0,005 < α 0,05). Dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,378 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa angkatan kerja (X3), pendidikan (X2), dan tingkat pengangguran (Y) di Provinsi Riau masing-masing menyumbang 37,8% dari total tersebut dan faktor lain menyumbang 62,2% sisanya. Hasil temuan ini dapat menjadi referensi berharga bagi pemerintah dalam upaya menurunkan angka pengangguran dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan melakukan penelitian yang menyeluruh dan metodologis. Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendidikan, Angkatan Kerja, Pengangguran
Authors: Purwatiningsih Eka , Rahman Arif
Published: December 2024

Perusahaan industri manufaktur memiliki peran penting sebagai penopang ekonomi negara dan sekaligus pendorong utama untuk keluar dari penurunan perekonomian di tengah- tengah himpitan wadah covid-19. Penjualan atas persediaan merupakan salah satu strategi yang digunakan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan profit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perputaran kas, perputaran persediaan dan perputaran piutang terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) pada perusahaan industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2020-2023 yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder yang diperoleh dari web resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk sample penelitian. Didapat 13 perusahaan sebagai sampel yang menyajikan laporan keuangan yang lengkap sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, dan tahun yang dipakai selama empat tahun. Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk analisis data. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan ialah uji hipotesis parsial (uji t), uji hipotesis simultan (uji f) dan uji koefisien determinasi menggunakan SPSS 27. Hasil uji dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perputaran kas, perputaran piutang dan perputaran persediaan tidak berpengaruh simultan terhadap profitabilitas.
Kata Kunci: Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang, Perputaran Persediaan dan Profitabilitas
تغيرات سعر الصرف الموازي وأثره على معدل التضخم في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2020)
Authors: ابراهيم مشتاق طالب , عبد مهند خميس , صالح احمد نجيب
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث الى قياس وتحليل تطور تغيرات سعر الصرف الموازي وما مدى انعكاسها على معدل التضخم في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2020، ولغرض الوصول الى الهدف التي يصبو البحث الى تحقيقها فقد تم استخدام ادوات التحليل الكمي لقياس العلاقة بين سعر الصرف الموازي ومعدل التضخم في الاقتصاد العراقي خلال مدة البحث. وقد توصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات منها ؛ تمارس التغيرات في سعر الصرف الموزي تأثير طردي ضعيف في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-0202) اي ان تغيرات سعر الصرف الموازي تعمل على ارتفاع معدل التضخم خلال مدة البحث، ويعزى سبب ذلك إلى ان تغيرات سعر الصرف الموازي في الاقتصاد العراقي له تأثير على معدل التضخم لان الاقتصاد العراقي مرتبط بالدولار الامريكي وان ارتفاع اسعار الصرف تؤدي الى ارتفاع اسعار السلع والخدمات وهذا بدوره يؤدي حدوث تضخم في البلد ويكون ضعيف لان خلال مدة البحث لم تكن هنالك تقلبات قوية في سعر الصرف بل كان مستقر نسبياً وهذا السبب جعله ضعيفاً.
التحول الرقمي في المصارف وأثره في ابعاد التدقيق التسويقي: دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من المصارف التجارية الحكومية والاهلية في محافظة النجف الاشرف للمدة 2023-2024
Authors: كاظم سمر عبد الرحمن , سماكة علي محمود
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على مفهوم دورة حياة المصرف ومدى تأثيرها على الأداء المالي في عينة من المصارف العراقية ولغرض تحقيق اهداف الدراسة اعتمدت الباحثة على كلاً من المنهجين الاستنباطي والاستقرائي،  كما تمت الاستعانة في الجانب التطبيقي بمجموعة من النسب المالية لاستخراج نتائج البيانات والتي تم جمعها من التقارير السنوية للمصارف التجارية عينة الدراسة، ومن ثم تمت المقارنة بين الفترات الزمنية لهذه المصارف وذلك لغرض الوقوف على واقع الاداء ومعرفة تركيبة الهيكل المالي في المصارف التجارية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية. وكذلك عتمدت الباحثة اعتمد الباحثة على عدد من الأساليب الإحصائية  spss v.28 لمعرفة تأثير  دورة حياة المصرف  على  الأداء المالي
وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهما ان جميع مراحل دورة حياة المصرف اذا ما تم اخذها مجتمعة تؤثر بشكل معنوي من الناحية الاحصائية في الاداء المالي، ومن خلال ذلك يمكن ان يتم استنتاج ان أداء الشركة المالي يتأثر من خلال دورة الحياة كون المرحلة العمرية للشركة تحتم على إدارة الشركة توجيه مواردها نحو تحقيق أهدافها فضلا عن بقائها في سوق العمل واستمراريتها وهو ما ينعكس في أدائها المالي.
أثر الائتمان المصرفي على كفاية رأس المال وفقا لبازل III دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من المصارف التجارية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية 2010 – 2020
Authors: وادي محمد حسن وادي
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح دور الائتمان المصرفي وتأثيره في كفاية رأس المال من خلال دراسة العلاقة بين الائتمان وكفاية رأس المال وفق بازل 3. تنبع أهمية هذا البحث بدراسة الائتمان المصرفي من أجل الحد من التخلف عن سداد القروض المصرفية وبالتالي منع المصرف من الإفلاس من خلال الحد من اهم المخاطر التي تتعرض لها المصارف والحاجة إلى التحوط ضدها. اجر الباحث دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من المصارف التجارية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية والبالغ عددها أربعة مصارف وللفترة (2010-2020)، وتوصل البحث الى ان الائتمان المصرفي يؤدي الى تحسين كفاية رأس المال وفقاً لمتطلبات بازل 3 فعند تحقيق الأرباح يؤدي الى زيادة في رأس المال بشكل أفضل والتوافق مع المعايير الدولية من خلال السياسات الائتمانية مما يعزز من مواءمة المصارف التجارية مع تلك المتطلبات. وأوصى البحث بضرورة وضع السياسات والاستراتيجيات المناسبة والملائمة لتجنب الأزمات والحد من مخاطر الائتمان وخاصة المخاطر السلبية، وإيجاد السبل المناسبة للتعامل مع هذه المخاطر، ووضع السياسات والاستراتيجيات المناسبة.
تأثير استقلالية لجنة التدقيق على تسوق آراء المدققين في ظل منافسة السوق : دراسة تطبيقية على عينة من المصارف المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: ابراهيم بلال عامر
Published: December 2024

تهدف الدراسة الحالية للبحث في تأثير الاستقلالية كإحدى وأهم خصائص لجنة التدقيق على تسوق اراء المدققين الخارجيين في ظل المنافسة بين المصارف المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية، استخدم الباحث عينة مكونة من 32 مصرف، تم استخراج من بياناتها المالية السنوية 160 ملاحظة خلال الفترة من 2019 إلى 2023، وباستخدام نموذج الانحدار اللوجستي باستخدام برنامج التحليل الاحصائي SPSS لتحليل لهذه الملاحظات، أظهرت نتائج اختبار الفرضيات أن هناك تأثير معنوي ذو دلالة احصائية بين استقلالية لجنة التدقيق وتسوق رأي المدققين، وان المنافسة بين المصارف ليس لها اي دور في هذا التأثير، وأن المتغيرات الحاكمة المتمثلة بالربحية والسيولة والرافعة المالية لها أهمية في التأثير على تسوق آراء المدققين، واوصت هذه الدراسة الشركات والهيئات الحكومية في العراق تعزيز متطلبات استقلالية لجان التدقيق ووضع مقاييس لتقييم مستواها، واهمية تدريب أعضاء لجنة التدقيق لتحسين فهمهم لأدوارهم ومسؤولياتهم.
THE ROLE OF ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN SHAPING INVESTMENT STRATEGIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL MARKET STABILITY
Authors: Yusuf Jamiu Adeniyi , Olajide Afolabi Lukman , Olakunle Oludoyi Isaac
Published: December 2024

Asymmetric information, where one party has more or worse information than another, significantly impacts financial markets. This study examines how information asymmetry shapes investment strategies and its implications for financial market stability. We explore the theoretical underpinnings of asymmetric information using Principal-Agent Theory and the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The empirical analysis, using secondary data from 2000-2020, reveals a positive correlation between asymmetric information and market instability, while market liquidity has a negative correlation. The findings highlight the importance of mitigating information asymmetry to promote stable financial markets. Policy recommendations include stricter disclosure requirements, investment in transparency technologies, and investor education programs.
تأثير الافصاح عن هيكل الملكية في تعزيز القدرة التنبؤية للمعلومات المحاسبية
Authors: محمد منى جبار
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث إلى بيان تأثير الافصاح عن هياكل الملكية في تعزيز القدرة التنبؤية للمعلومات المحاسبية كمؤشر لكفاءة وفاعلية الوحدة الاقتصادية وقدرتها الفعلية والعملية على الاستمرار وتحمل درجات المخاطر الممكنة في لحظه وقوع الخطر. وتمثلت مشكلة البحث الرئيسة بالتساؤل الاتي " هل هناك تأثير للإفصاح عن هيكل الملكية في تعزيز القدرة التنبؤية للمعلومات المحاسبية للوحدات الاقتصادية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية ",",وقد تم استخدام 65 استمارة الاستبيان وزعـت في بعض المصارف المدرجة في سوق العـراق للأوراق المالية, وتوصل البحث بعد تحليل متغيرات الدراسة واختبار الفرضيات الى اهم الاستنتاجات ان هيكل الملكية يعد من آليات الحوكمة المهمة ويؤثر في جودتها وبالنتيجة في القرارات التي يتم اتخاذها من قبل مجلس ادارة الشركة، وهنالك اهتمام وتحليل للبيانات المتعلقة باتخاذ القرارات لاسيما القرارات الاستثمارية فيها, مما يؤثر بشكل ايجابي في تعزيز القدرة التنبؤية للمعلومات المحاسبية . ويوصي البحث الجهات الرقابية والجهات المسؤولة عن الأسواق المالية بان تعمل على تدعيم اليات الحوكمة للحيلولة دون سيطرة اي جهة من الجهات المالكة للأسهم والتحكم في قراراتها, مما يعزز من القدرة التنبؤية للمعلومات المحاسبية للوحدات الاقتصادية.
Importance of use of operating models in the decision making: A Case Study
Authors: Hameed Zainab Alaa
Published: December 2024

The field of operations research is represented in an attempt to find mathematical models that express the real problem, with an attempt to develop mathematical tools that enable the solution of these models, with the aim of reaching the optimal alternative among the available alternatives to solve the problem, Hence the idea of ​​our study, which is mainly focused on clarifying the importance of programming objectives and integer programming models in productive decision-making. These models were applied to Al-Tariq Food Products Company and General Car and Equipment Manufacturing Company, during the period 2019-2021.