bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress of superhydrophobic coatings based on silicone rubber surface
Authors: Xie X W , Zhao Y J , Shi J B
Published: November 2022

Silicone rubber has excellent insulation properties such as good hydrophobic mobility and anti pollution flashover performance. It plays an important role in the power system and provides an important guarantee for the reliability of power supply. However, due to the erosion of various harsh environments, especially in wet environments such as rain and snow, a large amount of dirt and water are easily attached to the surface of insulating parts. It not only reduces its surface hydrophobicity and hydrophobic mobility, but also greatly shortens its service life. There are even serious leakage current problems. Especially in the low temperature environment, a lot of snow and flashover will occur at the accessories of the insulation parts. In order to solve this problem, super hydrophobic self-cleaning coating based on silicone rubber surface came into being. The preparation principle and model of superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating on silicone rubber surface are reviewed in this paper. By comparing different preparation methods, the advantages, disadvantages and application prospects are analyzed, and the existing problems and challenges are put forward according to the existing preparation technologies, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for preparing self-cleaning coatings with excellent performance in the future.
Effect of partitioning time on one-step quenching and partitioning steel
Authors: Gu Xingli , Lin Chunqing , Liu Rendong , Guo Jinyu , Deng Peng
Published: November 2022

The microstructure and mechanical properties of one-step quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel with different partitioning time were analyzed. The results shows that the elongation rate rises, tensile strength decreases, the yield strength first declines and then increases with the increasing partitioning time (PT). An optimal combination of strength and ductility is obtained when the samples are partitioned at 2000 s, and the corresponding tensile strength, elongation, and product of strength and elongation are 1022 MPa, 25.1% and 25652 MPa•%, respectively. Besides, no cementite is found in the microstructures.
Research on isolation method of spacecraft reaction wheels using electromagnetic shunt damping
Authors: Zhang Han , Luo Qing , Zhou Guo-Hua , Huang Yong
Published: November 2022

The spacecraft flywheel system is widely used in various space missions due to its cleanliness, high reliability and high control accuracy, such as spacecraft attitude control and large-angle turning maneuvers. However, current research agrees that the high-speed rotating flywheel system is one of the main sources of micro-vibration disturbances on spacecraft. In view of the variable speed characteristics of the flywheel, this paper proposes a new vibration isolation system based on Stewart vibration isolation platform and electromagnetic shunt damping (EMSD). Attempts to connect three circuits of pure resistance circuit, resistance-inductance circuit and resistance-inductance-capacitor circuit to the new vibration isolation system in order to improve the isolation performance. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the effect of circuit parameters on isolation performance of each circuit are studied. The results show that EMSD can significantly reduce the disturbance input of the flywheel, and frequency modulation can be achieved through the conversion circuit to avoid resonance.
Influence of assembly stress on ultimate load carrying capacity of transmission towers
Authors: Yu Xinmin , Lin Ruizong , Li Songbo , Bai Junfeng , Kong Yong
Published: November 2022

In recent years, for the influence of all kinds of natural disasters, the transmission tower’s collapsing or line’s damage presents a growing trend. The influence of assembly stress in transmission towers is often ignored when people analyze the accidents. To study the actual influence of assembly stress, the production process of assembly stress should be summarized and simulated. Find out the method to calculate and simulate assembly stress by using the finite element analysis software. Trussed beam hybrid finite element model is built. The ultimate load carrying capacity with the influence of assembly stress is studied. The position which is unfavorable for dimension error is determined through the variation of bar quantity and the position of dimension error. It founds that influence of assembly stress is small when there is only one pole existing size error in the transmission towers and the size error should small than 1% of the pole’s length; When there are a number of poles which are located at the tower leg existing size error will produce great influence on the Ultimate load carrying capacity of the transmission towers.
Nonlocal finite element simulation method for fluid-induced rock damage propagation
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Hou Bingchang , Sun Feng
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the equivalent strain is nonlocalized. The permeability is coupled through the damage variable into the Hydro-Mechanical coupling equation. So as to establish the fluid-driven nonlocal damage expansion model. It is used to solve the localization response problem of quasi-brittle material fracture failure finite element simulation process. So that it can effectively calculate the crack propagation process of rock mass under high pressure fluid. In view of this model, this paper first simulates and compares the experimental results of ‘L’ brittle material plate, and verifies the sensitivity of finite element mesh. Then, through the simulation of the influence of perforation angle on fracture propagation trajectory, the effectiveness of this model for Hydro-Mechanical coupling damage propagation is studied. The results show that the simulation results of the model are consistent with the experiment. It can significantly reduce the grid sensitivity difference caused by localization.
Study on the bonding performance between reactive powder concrete and steel bar
Authors: Lin Ruizong , Yu Xinmin , Qin Chengcheng , Ju Yanzhong
Published: November 2022

The performance of reactive powder concrete (RPC) is much higher than that of ordinary concrete, and the engineering application is gradually increasing. The bond failure process and bond slip between RPC and reinforcement will show new characteristics. It is necessary to study the bond behavior between RPC and steel bar. The direct drawing test was carried out on the 36 bonding specimens in order to study the bond performance between steel bar and reactive powder concrete. The research shows that the cohesive force consists of three parts: the mechanical bite force produced by the mechanical occlusion between the reinforcing rib and the RPC; The cementing force produced by chemical reaction between RPC component and surface material of reinforcement; Friction between reinforcement and surrounding RPC. The application of ultrahigh strength and various cementitious materials make the Bonding strength between rebar and RPC significantly higher than that of normal concrete. This study can provide reference for the reinforcement anchorage design of RPC structure.
Synthesis, characterization and safety evaluation of raw materials for cyclodextrin fullerene derivatives
Authors: Yu Hongmei , Gu Lingjun , Gao Miao , Shang Jingjing , Su Ning , Tian Wenhuai
Published: November 2022

To further improved the water solubility of fullerene, a new cyclodextrin and fullerene derivative was synthesized in this paper. NMR, elemental analysis, spectral analysis, tunnel scanning electron microscopy and X powder diffraction were used to characterize the material. Spectral analysis showed that the assembly had a wide acromion at 343nm and a large tail band absorption in the range of 350-600nm, indicating the presence of C60. From the STM images, it can be inferred that the weak interaction between the cyclodextrin cavity and the fullerene tail-to-tail form a regular linear arrangement. X-ray shows that there have many characteristic diffraction peak of 11, such as 2θ=11.52° (d=7.68Å), 2θ=14.62° (d=6.05Å), 2θ=25.5° (d=3.49 Å), 2θ=29.62° (d=3.01Å), 2θ=31.68° (d=2.82 Å), which proved that the cyclodextrin and fullerenes formed supramolecular polymers Through chemical safety tests, the results showed that there were no risk substances, pollutants, prohibited substances and restricted substances in the samples which could affect the safety of cosmetics. Phototoxicity, eye irritation/corrosiveness, skin irritation and cytotoxicity were not detected by toxicological safety test. This study provides technical data support for the use of new cyclodextrin and fullerene derivatives as cosmetic raw materials.
Thermally induced structural response of a solar sail spacecraft in Earth orbit
Authors: Yu Ye , Li Dongxu , Wang Jie
Published: November 2022

The solar sail spacecraft for earth missions experience shadow region in Earth orbit, the resulting temperature field changes will induce the structural response on the sail films and the booms of the solar sail, thus disturb the attitude control of the spacecraft. Therefore, it is valuable to study the thermally induced structural response of solar sails caused by abrupt temperature filed. In this paper, the solar sail with square films and booms is studied. A sequential-coupled analysis method is proposed. Based on this method, the thermal analysis model of the solar sail is established, then the temperature variation law of the solar sail during orbiting the earth is obtained through simulation. Based on the structural analysis model of the solar sail, the structural response caused by temperature change is calculated, and the influence of material parameters on such response is analyzed. The results show that, the sudden change of temperature field will not only cause the shrinkage and expansion of the film, but also lead to obvious vibration on the boom. This vibration can be reduced by using thermal control coating or increasing the boom thickness. The results of this paper have important referential value for the design of thermal control system of solar sails.
A squaraine-based colorimetric probe for the sensitive detection of copper ion (II)
Authors: Du Bin , Mu Xihui , Liu Zhiwei , Geng Shu , Wang Jiang , Xu Jianjie , Chen Lina , Tong Zhaoyang
Published: November 2022

A squaraine based colorimetric probe 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine (IHSQ) was selected for colorimetric detection of Cu2+ and the characteristics of IHSQ for Cu2+ recognition were investigated by absorption spectra. The results showed the absorbance of IHSQ significantly decreased with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in acetonitrile/H2O (V/V = 9/1). This colorimetric detection method shows a satisfactory linear response (R2 = 0.9856) to Cu2+ concentration within the range from 2 μM to 200 μM. The limit of detection was 2 μM which was much lower than the environmental protection agency guideline of China (15.63 μM) in drinking water. Moreover, no obvious interference was observed on the detection of the Cu2+ in the presence of the common metal ions such as Zn2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Co2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Sr2+, Pb2+ and Fe3+, indicating that IHSQ possesses high selectivity and satisfactory sensitivity for the detection of Cu2+.
Design of Temperature Measuring Device in Student Dormitory Based on MSP430
Authors: Cheng Henghao , Pang Xuan , Deng Jiaxin , Cui Yan
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the phenomenon that the temperature of each dormitory is different in winter due to many factors in the dormitory of northern colleges and universities, this paper puts forward a simple and convenient dormitory temperature measurement device. The device takes an MSP430 single chip microcomputer as the control core, collects ambient temperature data through temperature sensor DS18B20, collects battery voltage with AD, and displays the collected battery voltage and ambient temperature through an OLED display screen. At the same time, according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, the device can output PWM to control the speed of the motor and simulate the intelligent temperature control fan. The experimental data shows that the device has high accuracy, is easy to use, and is easy to implement.
Synaptic devices based on gate-all-around InAs nanowire field effect transistor
Authors: Luo Wei , Zha Chaofei , Zhang Xia , Yan Xin , Ren Xiaomin
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we proposed a gate-all-around InAs nanowire field effect transistor (GAA InAs NW FET) that can simulate synaptic behaviors such as short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP). The native oxide layer (In2O3) on the surface of InAs NW serves as a charge trapping layer for storing information. The transition from short-term potentiation (STP) to long-term potentiation (LTP) can be achieved by properly adjusting the gate voltage. Due to enhanced gate controllability, the GAA InAs NW FETs are expected to be widely used and promising in neuromorphic systems and networks.
A Fast Transient Low-Dropout Regulator with High-Power Supply Rejection
Authors: Bai Ruokai , Guo Zhongjie , Yang Jiale , Shi Hao , Han Xiao
Published: November 2022

With the continuous popularization of portable electronic products in electronic information, aerospace, biomedicine and other fields, low-dropout regulator (LDO) has become an important part of modern power management chips. Compared with other power management modules, it has the advantages of low power consumption, high power supply rejection, and strong anti-noise capability. However, the LDO power tube has a large width-to-length ratio, so when the load changes transiently, the gate of the power tube cannot respond in time, resulting in an overshoot and undershoot of the output voltage and a long recovery time. In this paper, the LDO transient enhancement circuit is designed. When the load changes transiently, the power tube gate capacitor is quickly charged and discharged, which overcomes the overshoot voltage and undershoot voltage. While improving the transient response of traditional LDO, the structure ensures the power supply rejection (PSR) and other performance of the circuit. According to the results, with an input of 2.5 V, the output voltage is regulated to 1.2 V, and PSR is -80 dB. When the load changes by 20 mA in 1 μs, it is stable within 1.2 μs while the undershoot voltage is controlled at 51 mV and the overshoot voltage is controlled at 65 mV.
Research on the electronic switch of power management circuits for triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Lv Mingqiang , Liu Guan , Zhang Yi , Han Linchong , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, people are increasingly interested in how to collect clean energy from nature more effectively. As an emerging harvest, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can collect a wide range of clean energy from nature. However, the energy generated by TENG can not be used directly for driving various miniature electronics. In this study, we have designed a triboelectric nanogenerator for wind energy harvesting, which consists of two simple generator sets. In addition, a power management circuit based on this triboelectric nanogenerator has been designed, which consists of a rectifier section, an electronic switch section, and a filter section. Among them, the most important part is the electronic switch section, and the electronic switch is based on triode characteristics. The experiment shows that the output voltage has been to stabilize at 3.89V when the triboelectric nanogenerator structure is in operation, and it can sustainably drive the LED in a stable working condition.
Supercapacitor Control System Based on Fuzzy PID and Active Equalization Technology
Authors: Guo ZiChen , Zhang ChangMing
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a supercapacitor control system is designed to improve the motion performance of small unmanned vehicles. The supercapacitor is used as the auxiliary power supply for the chassis of the unmanned vehicle. When working at low power, the lithium battery supplies power to the chassis and charges the supercapacitor. When climbing or accelerating, the supercapacitor is used to assist the power supply to improve the body’s movement ability. The current and voltage values are collected by high-precision sensors and the system charging control is completed by fuzzy PID. It has a good effect on the test, which significantly improves the motion performance of the unmanned vehicle.
A Compact Reflectionless Low-Pass Filter Based on TSV Technology
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Wang Rui , Li Ruiqi , Yu Ningmei , Yang Yuan
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a compact reflectionless low-pass filter based on through-silicon via (TSV). Its overall structure is composed of TSV inductors and redistribution layer(RDL) capacitor. The high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) validates the proposed reflection filter. The results show that the filter operates at a frequency of 0-6.6GHz, with The return loss of input and output is less than -14.6dB in all test frequency bands(0-30GHz). In addition, the size of the reflectionless filter is only 0.19×0.23×0.0139 mm3 (0.014× 0.017×0.01 λg3).
Calculate ground state energy of Hydro Helium Cation (2+) by Restricted Open shell Hartree Fork method
Authors: Khurshid Ayesha , Hashmi Zehra , Ahmed Irfan
Published: November 2022

In this study, the focus is to calculate the ground state energy of the Hydro Helium Cation (2+) with the help of the Open Shell Restricted Hartree-Fock (ROHF) method. In this study, Python code was developed for the calculations and run on the high-performing computers. After calculation, we compare our result with previous work in which the ground state energy of the same molecule was calculated by using the same programming language but with different approximation method. There is some difference in value, and this is due to taking different trial wave functions, approximation of methods, limitations of programming techniques, and our computational knowledge.
Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Cu/TiO2
nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with heat generation/consumption
Authors: Divya S , Eswaramoorthi S , Loganathan K
Published: November 2022

The present study explores the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a water-based Cu/TiO2
nanoliquid with heat generation/consumption. The appropriate transformations are used to transform the coupled non-linear PDEs into ODEs and these equations are solved numerically by MATLAB bvp4c procedure. The effect of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are reported in tabular and graphical format. The velocity of both directions decreases for the larger quantity of porosity and suction/injection parameters. The temperature of the fluid increases when strengthening the heat production/consumption parameter and it reduces by varying the values of the Prandtl number. The surface shear stress increases when rising the Darcy-Forchheimer number. The local Nusselt number diminishes when escalating the suction/injection parameter.
A Construction Method of Hybrid Wireless Link Topology VDCell
Authors: Du Ying , Tang Chenghan , Zhang Shuo
Published: November 2022

With the development of cloud computing, the data center network is undergoing great changes. The traditional wired data center network needs a large number of wired links, so it takes huge resources to deploy. For the wireless data center network, although the line installation is simple and the maintenance cost is reduced, the wireless transmission signal is easily blocked. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid data center network VDCell based on VLC link, and designs a rule to connect wireless links. Compared with the original DCell topology, it has the following advantages: First of all, the VLC link can be directly installed and used, without centralized control in VDCell, so no additional equipment is needed. Secondly, it is only necessary to add wireless links to the original structure, and the design rules are used to construct the structure, which shortens the communication path length between servers and is very simple to deploy. The increase of data links makes the structure more fault-tolerant. In addition, this paper also proposes a unicast routing algorithm.
A clustering algorithm based on jet algorithms for cross-talk events in neutron detector arrays
Authors: Doğangün O. , Özok F. , Dündar U. , Erduran M.N.
Published: November 2022

A clustering algorithm based on the jet (cascade of
particles descendant from a single particle due to hadronization)
algorithms used in High Energy Physics is presented for
identification of neutron cross-talk events in neutron detector
arrays with one layer by defining a temporal distance function,
instead of transverse energy. Detector simulations on an array of
neutron detectors show a significant improvement when compared with
neighbor rejection technique and the method of gating with
time-of-flight difference.
Increased exposure of Colombian birds to rapidly expanding human footprint
Authors: Ocampo-Peñuela Natalia , Suárez-Castro Andrés Felipe , Díaz-Timoté Jhonatan Julián , Gómez-Valencia Bibiana , Olaya-Rodríguez María Helena , Sánchez-Clavijo Lina María , Correa-Ayram Camilo Andrés
Published: November 2022

Understanding and mapping anthropogenic threats on species distributions is a crucial task in conservation science to identify priority areas and propose appropriate conservation strategies. Yet, there is a big challenge to quantify how these threats are associated with species distribution patterns at multiple temporal scales. For birds, existing national and global analyses have mostly focused on forest specialists and they tend to consider only one time period. Here, we evaluated spatial and temporal changes in human footprint within the distributions of Colombian birds from 1970 to 2018, and projected them into 2030. We show that widespread increases in human footprint were common within the distribution of terrestrial birds. Endemic and threatened birds have been disproportionately affected by past increases in human footprint within their distribution, and this trend will continue into the future. Several areas harboring high diversity of forest-specialists remained relatively intact up to 2018. However, our predictions show significantly higher and faster (>2% annual change) levels of transformation within these areas by 2030. Importantly, our results suggest that non-forest birds could be experiencing habitat quality declines that are just as significant as those shown for forest birds. Our results show that mitigating negative anthropogenic effects on bird habitats in Colombia requires an array of conservation strategies that range from strict habitat protection to mixed management. These analyses can serve as inputs in conservation decision tools that consider spatiotemporal variation of anthropic threats under multiple scenarios of change.
Determination of Paris parameters from S−N curve in the simulation of fatigue in Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures
Authors: Tripurari  , Jamil Azhar
Published: November 2022

Determination of S-N and Paris parameters form the two primary approaches as far as fatigue testing is concerned. With many economic factors and complexities involved in experimentation, these approaches are not related to each other and require implementation of separate test standards for both of them. In this work, an attempt is made on the interconvertibility of these experimental parameters and a numerical technique based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) is proposed for the evaluation of Paris parameters from S−N curve, corresponding to four-point bending end notched flexural (4ENF) sandwich specimen made up of Nomex® aramid honeycomb core with glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRP) facesheets. VCCT was effectively utilised for the estimation of strain energy release rates (SERR), in both 2D plane stress/strain and 3D conditions, which were compared with each other, and the resultant was incorporated with the S−N data for the determination of parameters of the Paris curve. These determined parameters were employed for the simulation of fatigue delamination growth by using ‘Direct Cyclic’ step and compared with the results obtained from the literature. The comparison revealed a good agreement between the two, thereby validating the proposed technique.
Benchmarking quantum error-correcting codes on quasi-linear and central-spin processors
Authors: Finsterhoelzl Regina , Burkard Guido
Published: November 2022

We evaluate the performance of small error-correcting codes, which we tailor to hardware platforms of very different connectivity and coherence: on a superconducting processor based on transmon qubits and a spintronic quantum register consisting of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Taking the hardware-specific errors and connectivity into account, we investigate the dependence of the resulting logical error rate on the platform features such as the native gates, native connectivity, gate times, and coherence times. Using a standard error model parameterized for the given hardware, we simulate the performance and benchmark these predictions with experimental results when running the code on the superconducting quantum device. The results indicate that for small codes, the quasi-linear layout of the superconducting device is advantageous. Yet, for codes involving multi-qubit controlled operations, the central-spin connectivity of the color centers enables lower error rates.
Interaction between C1-microorganisms and plants: contribution to the global carbon cycle and microbial survival strategies in the phyllosphere
Authors: Yurimoto Hiroya , Sakai Yasuyoshi
Published: November 2022

C1-microorganisms that can utilize C1-compounds, such as methane and methanol, are ubiquitous in nature, and contribute to drive the global carbon cycle between two major greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane. Plants emit C1-compounds from their leaves and provide habitats for C1-microorganisms. Among C1-microorganisms, Methylobacterium spp., representative of methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, predominantly colonize the phyllosphere and are known to promote plant growth. This review summarizes the interactions between C1-mircroorganisms and plants that affect not only the fixation of C1-compounds produced by plants but also CO2 fixation by plants. We also describe our recent understanding of the survival strategy of C1-microorganisms in the phyllosphere and the application of Methylobacterium spp. to improve rice crop yield.
Synthesis of aglycones, structure–activity relationships, and mode of action of lycosides as inhibitors of the asexual reproduction of Phytophthora
Authors: Kato Fumika , Ando Yuka , Tanaka Aiko , Suzuki Takamasa , Takemoto Daigo , Ojika Makoto
Published: November 2022

Phytophthora are plant pathogens that damage agricultural products. Lycosides (1a–d), found in vegetable juice, have the potential to curb the rapid outbreak and crop damage caused by the asexual reproduction of Phytophthora. Here, aglycones 2a, b with slightly higher activity than lycosides were synthesized as a diastereomeric mixture (mix-2) possessing activity (IC50 = 4.1 µm) comparable with that of lycosides. The importance of the cyclohexanone structure and side-chain length was demonstrated via structure–activity relationship analysis using synthetic intermediates. In addition, the action mechanism of lycosides was investigated using transcriptome analysis, which revealed a contribution to proline biosynthesis inhibition, a process crucial for the asexual reproduction of Phytophthora. These findings indicate that lycosides (and aglycone) are environmentally benign agents that can be used for protecting agricultural products from Phytophthora pathogens.
Synaptome.db: a bioconductor package for synaptic proteomics data
Authors: Sorokina Oksana , Sorokin Anatoly , Armstrong J Douglas
Published: November 2022

The neuronal synapse is underpinned by a large and diverse proteome but the molecular evidence is spread across many primary datasets. These data were recently curated into a single dataset describing a landscape of ∼8000 proteins found in studies of mammalian synapses. Here, we describe programmatic access to the dataset via the R/Bioconductor package Synaptome.db, which enables convenient and in-depth data analysis from within the Bioconductor environment. Synaptome.db allows users to obtain the respective gene information, e.g. subcellular localization, brain region, gene ontology, disease association and construct custom protein–protein interaction network models for gene sets and entire subcellular compartments.

Availability and implementation

The package Synaptome.db is part of Bioconductor since release 3.14, https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/synaptome.db.html, it is open source and available under the Artistic license 2.0. The development version is maintained on GitHub (https://github.com/lptolik/synaptome.db). Full documentation including examples is provided in the form of vignettes on the package webpage.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Does femoroacetabular impingement syndrome affect range of motion? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Albertoni Davide Bruno , Gianola Silvia , Bargeri Silvia , Hoxhaj Ilda , Munari Alice , Maffulli Nicola , Castellini Greta
Published: November 2022

Background

It is unclear whether femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) affect hip range of motion (ROM).

Sources of data

We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis searching six electronic databases from inception to March 21, 2022. We included studies assessing hip ROM in FAIS, FAI morphology without symptoms (FAIm), and healthy controls. Mean differences between groups were measured in ROM degrees with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Areas of agreement

A total of 17 studies (1702 hips) were included. Comparison of FAIS patients versus healthy controls showed that hip ROM was clinically and statistically reduced in FAIS for internal rotation (90° hip flexion, −8.01°, 95% CI: –11.21, −4.90; 0° hip flexion −6.38°, 95% CI: –9.79, −2.97); adduction (90° hip flexion, −4.74°, 95% CI: –8.13, −1.34); flexion (−5.41°, 95% CI: –7.05, −3.49), abduction (0° hip flexion, −5.76°, 95% CI: –8.38, −3.23), and external rotation (90° hip flexion, −3.5°, 95% CI: –5.32, −1.67) ranging from low to high certainty of evidence. Comparison of FAIm versus healthy controls showed no statistically significant differences in any direction of movement, albeit with uncertainty of evidence.

Areas of controversy

The certainty of evidence was unclear, particularly for asymptomatic FAIm.

Growing points

Hip ROM may be reduced in all directions except extension in FAIS compared to controls. Hip ROM may not be restricted in asymptomatic FAIm.

Areas timely for developing research

Further studies are needed to resolve the uncertainty of evidence about ROM restrictions in asymptomatic FAIm compared to healthy controls.
Species Richness, Density, Activity, and Composition of Ground-dwelling Ants in the Humid Forest Zone of Southern Cameroon: Role of Vegetation Cover and Abiotic Factors
Authors: Fotso Kuate A , Hanna R , Nanga S N , Tindo M , Doumtsop Fotio A R P , Nagel P
Published: November 2022

The destruction of natural habitats is among the major factors responsible for the decrease in species diversity and distribution. This study focused on the effect of vegetation and its interaction with the season on ant species richness, density, activity, and composition in the three dominant habitats – forest, fallow, and mixed crop field – prevailing in southern Cameroon. Ants were sampled using two sampling techniques –pitfall trap and quadrat – in fallows, forest, and mixed crop fields from May 2007 to April 2008. Average ant species richness did not differ between fallow and forest, but the number of species in both habitats was higher compared with mixed-crop field. Species richness was also higher during the short dry season compared with other seasons. Species density was higher in mixed-crop field and in the long dry season. Species activity was similar in the three habitats, but it was higher during the long-wet season. Species richness, activity, and density were lower at low altitude. Vegetation and season affected the composition of ant species, but not the interaction between the two factors. The highest dissimilarity index was observed between mixed crop-field and forest while between seasons, it was between the short-wet and the long dry season. These results suggest that vegetation cover and abiotic factors interact to determine the distribution, density, activity, and composition of ant species. Identifying key drivers among environmental factors could help to understand the response of species to the variation of those factors in the context of climate change.
Patient selection for long-term secondary prevention with ticagrelor: insights from PEGASUS-TIMI 54
Authors: Bonaca Marc P , Im KyungAh , Magnani Giulia , Bansilal Sameer , Dellborg Mikael , Storey Robert F , Bhatt Deepak L , Steg P Gabriel , Cohen Marc , Johanson Per , Braunwald Eugene , Sabatine Marc S
Published: November 2022

Aim

In patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) on aspirin, the addition of ticagrelor reduces ischaemic risk but increases bleeding risk. The simultaneous assessment of baseline ischaemic and bleeding risk may assist clinicians in selecting patients who are most likely to have a favourable risk/benefit profile with long-term ticagrelor.

Methods and results

PEGASUS-TIMI 54 randomized 21 162 prior MI patients, 13 956 of which to the approved 60 mg dose or placebo and who had all necessary data. The primary efficacy endpoint was cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke, and the primary safety outcome was TIMI major bleeding; differences in Kaplan–Meier event rates at 3 years are presented. Post-hoc subgroups based on predictors of bleeding and ischaemic risk were merged into a selection algorithm. Patients were divided into four groups: those with a bleeding predictor (n = 2721, 19%) and then those without a bleeding predictor and either 0–1 ischaemic risk factor (IRF; n = 3004, 22%), 2 IRF (n = 4903, 35%), or ≥3 IRF (n = 3328, 24%). In patients at high bleeding risk, ticagrelor increased bleeding [absolute risk difference (ARD) +2.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6, 3.9] and did not reduce the primary efficacy endpoint (ARD +0.08%, 95% CI −2.4 to 2.5). In patients at low bleeding risk, the ARDs in the primary efficacy endpoint with ticagrelor were −0.5% (−2.2, 1.3), −1.5% (−3.1, 0.02), and −2.6% (−5.0, −0.24, P = 0.03) in those with ≤1, 2, and 3 risk factors, respectively (P = 0.076 for trend across groups). There were significant trends for greater absolute risk reductions for cardiovascular death (P-trend 0.018), all-cause mortality (P-trend 0.027), and net outcomes (P-trend 0.037) with ticagrelor across these risk groups.

Conclusion

In a post-hoc exploratory analysis of patients with prior MI, long-term ticagrelor therapy appears to be best suited for those with prior MI with multiple IRFs at low bleeding risk.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT01225562 ClinicalTrials.gov
Contemporary and future invasive coronary vasomotor function testing and treatment in patients with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Damman Peter , Elias-Smale Suzette E , Jansen Tijn P J , Konst Regina E , Dimitriu-Leen Aukelien C , Hartzema Mariëlle , van Royen Niels , Maas Angela H E M
Published: November 2022

In the current review, we emphasize the importance of diagnostics and therapy in patients with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). The importance of the diagnostic coronary function test (CFT) procedure is described, including future components including angiography-derived physiology and invasive continuous thermodilution. Furthermore, the main components of treatment are discussed. Future directions include the national registration ensuring a high quality of INOCA care, besides a potential source to improve our understanding of pathophysiology in the various phenotypes of coronary vascular dysfunction, the diagnostic CFT procedure, and treatment.
Health literacy, financial insecurity and health outcomes among people living with HIV in Australia
Authors: Power Jennifer , Lea Toby , Melendez-Torres G J , Lyons Anthony , Norman Thomas , Hill Adam O , Bourne Adam
Published: November 2022

It is well documented that lower socio-economic status is associated with poorer health outcomes, while health literacy is considered important for improving health. What is less clear, is the extent to which greater health literacy can improve health outcomes among people for whom poverty or financial insecurity are important barriers to health. The paper presents findings from an Australian survey of people living with HIV (PLHIV) (N = 835) in which we explored the relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, looking at the extent to which health literacy mediates this relationship. The study drew on a comprehensive definition of health literacy, measuring participant’s confidence to communicate with healthcare providers, navigate the health system and take an active stance in relation to their health. Findings showed that financial insecurity was associated with lower health literacy and poorer self-reported physical and mental health. Health literacy mediated 16.2% of the effect of financial insecurity on physical health scores and 16.6% of the effect of financial insecurity on mental health scores. This suggests that programmes which seek to build health literacy among PLHIV may improve health outcomes among PLHIV who are struggling financially. Health literacy programmes are likely to be effective if they build confidence and resourcefulness among people to engage with health information, decision-making and care.
Promoting food literacy in primary school classrooms through the HealthLit4Kids Program in Australia
Authors: Kelly Rebecca K , Peralta Louisa , Nash Rosie
Published: November 2022

Lay Summary

Food literacy (FL) refers to the knowledge, skills, and behaviours associated with healthy eating. Schools are recognised as an important setting for FL promotion during childhood. HealthLit4Kids is an Australian primary school intervention that engages students, families, and educators to promote health literacy. This study aimed to assess the promotion of FL, a subtype of health literacy, in primary school classrooms across five schools. Teachers planned and implemented classroom activities over a 12-month period. Researchers examined lesson plans created by teachers and ‘artefacts’ (e.g. drawings, models) created by students during activities. Most classroom activities considered the nutritional knowledge and interpersonal communication skills associated with healthy eating, whereas fewer activities addressed students’ ability to critically analyse and apply information relating to food. The FL themes considered most frequently in classroom activities were ‘food and health choices’, ‘knowledge’, and ‘skills and behaviour’. Whereas the FL themes considered less frequently were ‘food systems’, ‘emotion’, and ‘culture’. The delivery of classroom activities was supported by the integration of other curriculum areas (e.g. The Arts and English). Future studies are required to understand how school-based interventions can promote the areas of FL that were less frequently addressed in this intervention in the classroom and beyond.
Acoustic telemetry and accelerometers: a field comparison of different proxies for activity in the marine environment
Authors: Pereñíguez J M , Venerus L A , Gutiérrez-Cánovas C , Abecasis D , Ciancio J E , Jiménez-Montalbán P , García-Charton J A
Published: November 2022

Different proxies for activity are used in the field of acoustic telemetry, a leading technology for the study of behaviour in the aquatic environment. Acoustic telemetry poses some shortcomings that may condition data interpretation. Here, we assessed some approaches commonly used to infer activity from acoustic telemetry data using acceleration biologgers as a benchmark. Specifically, we assessed (1) the performance of internal acceleration transmitters, (2) the consequences of averaging acceleration data into increasing time bins, (3) the occurrence of sampling bias in telemetry data acquisition, and (4) the performance of the number of detections and the depth range as proxies for activity. Despite some constraints of acoustic telemetry, acceleration transmitters had a good performance. Conversely, the number of detections and the depth range did not match well the activity estimates provided by acceleration biologgers. Besides, our results pointed to some issues in models concerning the predictive power of acceleration transmitters (linear predictor) over acceleration biologgers, warned about potential sampling bias associated with data acquisition with acoustic telemetry, and highlighted the relevance of considering inter-individual differences in behavioural studies. Finally, we provided some methodological perspectives that should be considered to plan fieldwork, analyse data, and interpret results on animal activity obtained with acoustic telemetry.
Drawing boundaries of police powers doctrine: a balanced framework for investors and states
Authors: Bulut Omer Erkut
Published: November 2022

The expropriation of alien property should be subject to compensation as a customary international law rule. Known as the host state’s ‘right to regulate’ or ‘police powers’, there is an ongoing debate on whether there can be non-compensable regulatory takings to uphold ‘essential’ public interests, such as public health. The existence or extent of this doctrine is still unclear, especially when the applicable investment treaty does not specifically address this principle. This article seeks to present a possible legal framework in this regard and defend the general legitimacy of the police powers doctrine even when the applicable treaty does not provide an express provision, though when applied in limited conditions. Therefore, the article defends a mitigated police powers doctrine which seeks to offer a balanced framework upholding the essential public interests and conforming to the core principles of international investment law.
Acetylation of PPARγ in macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity
Authors: Aaron Nicole , Zahr Tarik , He Ying , Yu Lexiang , Mayfield Brent , Pajvani Utpal B , Qiang Li
Published: November 2022

Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is driven by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. PPARγ is well established to have an anti-inflammatory function in macrophages, but the mechanism that regulates its function in these cells remains to be fully elucidated. PPARγ undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, to mediate ligand responses, including on metabolic functions. Here, we report that PPARγ acetylation in macrophages promotes their infiltration into adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation. We generated a mouse line that expresses a macrophage-specific, constitutive acetylation-mimetic form of PPARγ (K293Qflox/flox:LysM-cre, mK293Q) to dissect the role of PPARγ acetylation in macrophages. Upon high-fat diet feeding to stimulate macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, we assessed the overall metabolic profile and tissue-specific phenotype of the mutant mice, including responses to the PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone. Macrophage-specific PPARγ K293Q expression promotes proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in epididymal white adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue, leading to decreased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue function. Furthermore, mK293Q mice are resistant to Rosiglitazone-induced improvements in adipose tissue remodeling. Our study reveals that acetylation is a new layer of PPARγ regulation in macrophage activation, and highlights the importance and potential therapeutic implications of such PTMs in regulating metabolism.
What powers the wind from the black hole accretion disc in GRO J1655−40?
Authors: Tomaru Ryota , Done Chris , Mao Junjie
Published: November 2022

Black hole accretion discs can produce powerful outflowing plasma (disc winds), seen as blue-shifted absorption lines in stellar and supermassive systems. These winds in quasars have an essential role in controlling galaxy formation across cosmic time, but there is no consensus on how these are physically launched. A single unique observation of a stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655−40 was used to argue that magnetic driving was the only viable mechanism and motivated unified models of magnetic winds in both binaries and quasars. The alternative, X-ray heating (thermal-radiative wind), was ruled out for the low observed luminosity by the high wind density estimated from an absorption line of a metastable level of Fe xxii. Here, we reanalyse these data using a photoionization code that includes cascades from radiative excitation as well as collisions in populating the metastable level. The cascade reduces the inferred wind density by more than an order of magnitude. The derived column is also optically thick, so the source is intrinsically more luminous than observed. We show that a thermal-radiative wind model calculated from a radiation hydrodynamic simulation matches well with the data. We revisit the previous magnetic wind solution and show that this is also optically thick, leading to a larger source luminosity. However, unlike the thermal-radiative wind, it struggles to reproduce the overall ion population at the required density. These results remove the requirement for a magnetic wind in these data and remove the basis of the self-similar unified magnetic wind models extrapolated to quasar outflows.
Testing the evolutionary pathways of galaxies and their supermassive black holes and the impact of feedback from active galactic nuclei via large multiwavelength data sets
Authors: Mountrichas George , Shankar Francesco
Published: November 2022

It is still a matter of intense debate how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow and the role played by feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the coevolution of SMBHs and galaxies. To test the coevolution proposed by theoretical models, we compile a large AGN sample of 5639 X-ray detected AGN, over a wide redshift range, spanning nearly three orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity. The AGN have been detected in the COSMOS-Legacy, the Boötes, the XMM-XXL, and the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS) fields. Using the specific star formation rate estimates, we split the AGN host galaxies into star forming (SF), starburst (SB), and quiescent (Q). Our results show that the AGN accretion is increased in SB systems compared to SF and Q. Our analysis reveals a mild increase of LX with M*. The LX/star formation rate (SFR) ratio has a weak dependence on M* and at fixed M* it is highest in Q systems. The latter trend is mostly driven by the significant drop in SFR in the Q state. The measured strong variations in SFR from the SB/SF to Q mirror those predicted in merger models with AGN feedback. However, the observed mild variations in LX are at variance with the same models. We also study the evolution of SFR for a galaxy control sample and found that it is very similar to that of X-ray AGN. This suggests that either AGN play a minor role in the star formation quenching, or the relative timescales of the two processes are different.