bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toll-like Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Natural Products Against Chronic Diseases
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan
Published: February 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are one among the initial responders of the immune system which participate in the activation inflammatory processes. Several different types of TLR such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 have been identified in various cell types, each having distinct ligands like lipids, lipoproteins, nucleic acids and proteins. Though its prime concern is xenobiotic defences, TLR signalling has also recognized as an activator of inflammation and associated development of chronic degenerative disorders (CDDs) including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders as well as various types of cancers. Numerous drugs are in use to prevent these disorders, which specifically inhibit different pathways associated with the development of CDDs. Compared to these drug targets, inhibition of TLR, which specifically responsible for the inflammatory insults has proven to be a better drug target. Several natural products have emerged as inhibitors of CDDs, which specifically targets TLR signalling, among these, many are in the clinical trials. This review is intended to summarize the recent progress on TLR association with CDDs and to list possible use of natural products, their combinations and their synthetic derivative in the prevention of TLR-driven CDD development.
Body Composition in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Clinical Review
Authors: Tannir Hana , Itani Leila , Kreidieh Dima , El Masri Dana , Traboulsi Samira , El Ghoch Marwan
Published: February 2019

Background:

Anorexia nervosa is a serious health condition characterized by a significant low body weight and alteration in body composition components.

Aim:

In the current paper, we aim to summarize the available literature concerning changes in body fat, lean, and bone masses, during anorexia nervosa and after complete weight restoration.

Methods:

Data were summarized using a narrative approach based on clinical expertise in the interpretation of the available evidence base in the literature.

Results:

The available data revealed three main findings. Firstly, anorexia nervosa causes a significant reduction in body fat mass, however it is completely restored after short-term weight normalization but with a central adiposity phenotype that does not seem to negatively influence treatment outcomes and appears to normalize after 1 year of normal weight maintenance. Secondly, anorexia nervosa causes a significant reduction in bone mineral density, but weight restoration is associated first (≈12 months) with stabilization of bone mineral density, followed by improvements (after ≈16 months); and finally, with complete normalization (after ≈30 months) after normal-weight maintenance. Thirdly, during anorexia nervosa loss of lean and skeletal body mass occurring in particular from the extremities rather than the central regions has been consistently reported, especially in patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 16.5 Kg/m2 however short-term weight restoration is associated with complete normalization.

Conclusion:

Anorexia nervosa adversely affects body composition, however this medical complication seems to be reversible through the main treatment strategy of body weight restoration followed by normal weight maintenance, and this should be openly discussed with patients.
Approaches to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors
Authors: Caldas-Lopes Eloisi , Gomez-Arteaga Alexandra , Guzman Monica L.
Published: February 2019

CSCs are a population of self-renewing and tumor repopulating cells that have been observed
in hematologic and solid tumors and their presence contributes to the development of drug resistance.
The failure to eliminate CSCs with conventional therapy is one of major obstacles in the successful
treatment of cancer. Several mechanisms have been described to contribute to CSCs chemoresistance
properties that include the adoption of drug-efflux pumps, drug detoxification pathways, changes in
metabolism, improved DNA repair mechanisms, and deregulated survival and pro-apoptotic pathways.
Thus, CSCs are therefore an attractive target to develop new anti-cancer therapies.
Glucose Lowering Activity of Aqueous Ammodaucus leucotrichus Extract in Diabetic Rats
Authors: El-Ouady Fadwa , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: February 2019

Background:

Ammodaucus leucotrichus (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used by the Moroccan population to treat various diseases including diabetes.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract prepared from the fruits of this medicinal plant. Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally by the extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (A. leucotrichus) at a dose of 10 mg/kg.

Methods:

The blood glucose levels were determined during 6 hours and 15 days during this treatment. In addition the oral glucose tolerance test as well as the analysis of histopathological changes of liver was performed. The antioxidant activity of aqueous A. Leucotrichus extract was also valuated by the method of trapping of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).

Results:

A. Leucotrichus fruit aqueous extract (ALFAE) reduced the blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic rats. In addition, a remarkable influence on glucose tolerance was also noticed after ALFAE treatment. Moreover, ALFAE was able to exhibit a beneficial effect on histologlogical structure of liver. Finally a potential antioxidant effect has been shown in vitro.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effects of A. Leucotrichus in rats supporting then its traditional use for the management of diabetes.
Different Cabergoline Effect on Metabolic and Anthropometric Parameters in Female Prolactinoma Patients Versus Idiopathic Hyperprolactinemia Patients
Authors: Aboelnaga Mohamed M. , Eladawy Eman H. , Elshafei Maha M. , Abdullah Nahed , Shaer Moustafa El.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Hyperprolactinemia can lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, abnormal
glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia. Reversibility of these changes after normalization of prolactin
with dopamine agonists is still controversial and needs more clarification.

Objective:

We aimed to: 1) evaluate and compare metabolic and anthropometric profile in female with
newly diagnosed prolactin-secreting adenoma versus female idiopathic hyperprolactinemic patients;
2) compare the effects of one year cabergoline therapy on the metabolic profile and anthropometric
parameters (by using visceral adiposity index as index for evaluation of adipose tissue dysfunction) in
females with prolactinoma to female idiopathic hyperprolactinemic patients.

Patients and Methods:

We enrolled 40 female patients with newly diagnosed prolactinoma and 40
female patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, who were matched according to: age; weight;
BMI; waist; and prolactin levels. We enrolled the participants in this study at the time of diagnosis
before therapy and they were followed up for 12 months.

Results:

Cabergoline therapy had significant favorable effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters,
visceral adiposity index and in all patients (apart from HDLc in prolactinoma patients).

:

Cabergoline therapy was significantly more effective in patient with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia
than prolactinoma patients with regard to BMI, waist circumference, HDLc and visceral adiposity index
despite normalization of prolactin levels in both groups.

Conclusion:

12 months of Cabergoline treatment improved most of the anthropometric and metabolic
parameters, and visceral adiposity index as a marker for adipose tissue dysfunction in both idiopathic
hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma patients. However, Cabergoline treatment was more effective in
idiopathic hyperprolactinemic than prolactinoma patients.
Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Muscle Tissue Injury
Authors: Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Keshavarz Mansoor , Shirazi Alireza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Hadian Mohammed Reza , Nowrouzi Azin , Najafi Masoud , Musa Ahmed Eleojo
Published: February 2019

Background:

Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment method for cancer using ionizing radiation (IR). The interaction between IR with tissues produces free radicals that cause biological damages.As the largest organ in the human body, the skeletal muscles may be affected by detrimental effects of ionizing radiation. To eliminate these side effects, we used melatonin, a major product secreted by the pineal gland in mammals, as a radioprotective agent.

Materials and Methods:

For this study, a total of sixty male Wistar rats were used. They were allotted to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). Rats’ right hind legs were irradiated with 30 Gy single dose of gamma radiation, while 100 mg/kg of melatonin was given to them 30 minutes before irradiation and 5 mg/ kg once daily afternoon for 30 days. Five rats in each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation for histological and biochemical examinations.

Results:

Our results showed radiation-induced biochemical, histological and electrophysiological changes in normal rats’ gastrocnemius muscle tissues. Biochemical analysis showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly elevated in R group (P<0.001) and reduced significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks (P<0.001), However, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups for the same periods of time compared with the C group (P<0.001), while melatonin administration inverted these effects( P<0.001).Histopathological examination showed significant differences between R group for different parameters compared with other groups (P<0.001). However, the administration of melatonin prevented these effects(P<0.001). Electromyography (EMG) examination showed that the compound action potential (CMAP) value in the R group was significantly reduced compared to the effects in the C and M groups after 12 and 20 weeks (P<0.001). The administration of melatonin also reversed these effects (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

Melatonin can improve biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological features of irradiated gastrocnemius muscle tissues.Our recommendation is that melatonin should be administered in optimal dose. For effective protection of muscle tissues, and increased therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy, this should be done within a long period of time.
Assessment of Tire Safety Knowledge among Private and Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in Nigeria
Authors: Emelike Samson Clarence , Mbanaso Eberechukwu Lolly , Akunneh-Wariso Chris , Enejoh Doreen Osasogie , Adiele Cornelius Ezenwa , Olo Nwaulari Sylvester
Published: February 2019

It is estimated that road traffic crashes account for the death of about 1.25 million people each year, and it is the leading cause of death among youth between ages 15-29 years (WHO, 2016). Low and middle-income countries have about half of the world’s vehicle, and yet account for 90% of the world’s fatal accidents (WHO, 2016). Among the key risk factors for road accidents are speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, distracted driving (WHO, 2016). Tires maintenance or factors relating to the tire were not identified as risk factors by WHO. However, in Nigeria, it was estimated that between the years 2011 and 2015, tire bursts accounted for 7.8% of total causes of traffic crash in Nigeria (FRSC, 2016).

Objective: This research aims to assess whether private vehicle drivers have better tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers in Nigeria.

Methodology: The research employed a cross sectional study design on 454 motor vehicle drivers (commercial vehicle drivers n=233 and private vehicle drivers n=221). A simple, well-structured questionnaire was applied to them and data collected.

Data analysis: The result was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Result: The result showed an evidence supporting a relationship between driver’s category and possession of tire safety knowledge. We conclude therefore that private vehicle drivers in Nigeria are more likely to have adequate tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers.
From Girls to Slaves: Rousseau, Gendered Education and the Prison of Vanity
Authors: Gallagher Kathleen M.
Published: February 2019

This article explores how Rousseau’s gendered rendering of education prepares women for a life of slavery, primarily by holding them captive to the power of vanity. An understanding of the process of enslavement begins with an appreciation of Rousseau’s conceptualization of freedom and the general will in The Social Contract, followed by a discursive analysis of his guidelines for the proper and desired education of men and women in E?mile, including the pivotal role played by vanity in the inculcation of young women. The paper concludes by underscoring how Rousseau’s description of the ideal education for women not only contradicts his definition of what it means to be fully human, it also replaces women’s liberty and morality with vanity, thereby framing a woman’s role and purpose in life in language the political philosopher usually reserved for slavery, a practice Rousseau purportedly found illegitimate and detrimental to society as a whole.
ANÁLISE JURISPRUDENCIAL DO CRIME DE REDUÇÃO AO TRABALHO ANÁLOGO AO DE ESCRAVO NO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 3ª REGIÃO
Authors: Mendes Fabrício Gomes , Chaves Mesquita Valena Jacob
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tange à pesquisa jurisprudencial realizada na plataforma eletrônica do Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região, cujo objetivo é verificar qual o entendimento desse Tribunal no diz respeito ao delito descrito no art. 149 do Código Penal Brasileiro, por meio de uma análise dos recursos interpostos no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2016, quais sejam, apelações criminais e recursos em sentido estrito. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas análises qualitativa e quantitativa dos recursos, no intuito de aferir como o crime de redução ao trabalho análogo ao de escravo está sendo interpretado e aplicado, assim como, quais são as principais teses utilizadas pelo TRF da 3ª Região. A presente pesquisa localizou 11 (onze) recursos, dentre eles 09 (nove) apelações criminais e 02 (recursos em sentido estrito). A partir da análise das teses verificadas nos acórdãos desses recursos, realizou-se uma análise do conceito contemporâneo de trabalho escravo e seus modos de execução, relacionando-os com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Os resultados demonstraram que o TRF da 3ª Região, de fato, tem interpretado o crime de trabalho análogo ao de escravo tendo como diretriz o referido princípio. Entretanto, realizam-se críticas ao citado Tribunal no que concerne ao tempo de julgamento e, principalmente, à relação da pena estipulada com a gravidade da conduta do crime.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON KOMPAS.COM NEWS: 'GERAKAN #2019GANTIPRESIDEN'
Authors: Putra Hendri Pitrio , Triyono Sulis
Published: February 2019

This article is a result of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to the news entitled Gerakan #2019GantiPresiden di Antara Ambiguitas Hukum dan Syahwat Politik at Kompas.com. The approach employed in this research is the three-dimensional CDA developed by Norman Fairclough. The purposes of this research are to describe the micro, mezzo, and macro as well as the social, political and cultural situation from the linguistic aspects in Gerakan #2019GantiPresiden di Antara Ambiguitas Hukum dan Syahwat Politik text. The results show that there are linguistic aspects in the form of diction in the direct sentences that are used by Kompas.com with the theme #2019GantiPresiden. This movement is considered as a constitutional movement indicated as a rebellion because it is supported by political interests towards their current government rival. This is closely related to the background of Kompas.com as a pro-government online mass media. It is also acceptable if Kompas.com creates a positive image of the current government. The main point of information that is conveyed in the news of #2019GantiPresiden is that this movement possibly threats the government of Jokowi Widodo who will run again for the presidential election in 2019.
Czynniki stymulujące i ograniczające zakup usług turystycznych biur podróży przez Internet
Authors: Krzyżanowska Krystyna
Published: February 2019

Celem artykułu było rozpoznanie sposobów organizowania turystycznych wyjazdów zagranicznych, a także czynników sprzyjających i ograniczających zakup usług turystycznych przez Internet. Materiał empiryczny zebrany został głównie za pomocą metody sondażowej, na którą złożyły się dwie techniki badawcze: ankieta według kwestionariusza i analiza literatury przedmiotu. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzone zostały w 2016 r. wśród 141 turystów. Do czynników stymulujących zakup usług turystycznych przez Internet należały: możliwość porównania ofert różnych organizatorów turystyki i oszczędność czasu, a czynnikami ograniczającymi były: brak poczucia bezpieczeństwa transakcji, niechęć do podawania danych osobowych i brak możliwości negocjacji oraz zmiany elementów umowy.
Determinanty i tendencje zmian efektywności ekonomicznej Colian S.A. na tle ogółu przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce
Authors: Wasilewski Mirosław , Stolarski Robert
Published: February 2019

W opracowaniu określono relacje między poziomem i zmianami struktury kosztów oraz efektywnością ekonomiczną przedsiębiorstwa na tle sektora produkcji artykułów spożywczych na podstawie studium przypadku Colian S.A. Wykorzystano zagregowane dane o poziomie cen i kosztów oraz wskaźniki rentowności operacyjnej aktywów (ROA), rentowności ekonomicznej sprzedaży (RES), rentowności netto i wartości dodanej wraz z danymi kosztów rodzajowych w układzie porównawczym. Poziom kosztów ogółem w sektorze i w spółce zwiększył się pomimo zmniejszenia w strukturze kosztów operacyjnych udziału kosztów materiałów i energii, wynagrodzeń, ubezpieczeń społecznych i innych świadczeń, amortyzacji oraz podatków i opłat. Tempo spadku rentowności operacyjnej aktywów i rentowności ekonomicznej sprzedaży oraz poziomu wartości dodanej było mniejsze niż wzrost poziomu kosztów, co może wynikać z działań w pozaoperacyjnych obszarach rachunkowości.
Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans after isoflurane inhalation anesthesia
Authors: Valcic Olivera , Milanovic Svetlana , Dosenovic Milan , Özvegy Jòzsef , Radakovic Milena , Vejnovic Branislav , Vucicevic Milos
Published: February 2019

Introduction. Glutathione peroxidases are selenoenzymes which have a crucial role in the protection of animals against oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. From September 2017 to April 2018, a group of eight red-eared sliders were admitted at the Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade for elective diagnostic celioscopy. The turtles were of unknown age, weight from 1.20 kg to 1.86 kg. The anesthesia protocol involved using ketamine and medetomidine, both at a low dosage (10 mg kg-1 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively) as induction, after which anesthesia was maintained using isoflurane at 3% (vapor setting) in 100% oxygen (0.5 L min-1). Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole (0.2 mg kg-1), given intramuscularly. The elective celioscopy was performed according to standard protocols. One day prior to anesthesia, heparinized blood samples were taken using the subcarapacial venous plexus for venipuncture. The second sampling took place three hours after the anesthetics were administered. Results and Conclusions. GPx3 activity in the blood plasmas (n=8) was measured by the coupled test as described by G?nzler et al. (1974). Data were tested for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the groups were compared using a paired t-test. Blood plasma GPx3 activity was significantly higher (p=0.009) after a three-hour recovery period from inhalation anesthesia performed for elective diagnostic celioscopy, than before anesthesia. The measured post-anesthesia GPx3 activities were, on average, 80% higher than the measurements prior to anesthesia. It can be concluded that the statistically significant increase in the activity of plasma GPx3 from 91.02?36.05 mKat L-1 prior to anesthesia to 160.21?58.94 mKat L-1 three hours after anesthesia is due to the change in oxygen saturation. This is increased to 100% during the procedure, thus exposing the turtles to conditions of high oxygen saturation.
Introduction to Clubs
Authors: Barrows Clayton , Robinson Michael
Published: February 2019

Private clubs have existed for as long as people have desired to gather in groups to do things together. It has been suggested that private clubs (and their predecessors) date to the Roman baths but probably pre-date even those. It is doubtful that the Roman baths represented the first time people congregated in groups to socialize, discuss commerce, politics, or just engage in a mutually agreeable activity.
Certainly, most agree that the ‘modern’ clubs (in the English speaking world) originated in England, were limited to ‘gentlemen’ and organized for social, political, business and/or pleasure reasons. The concept was then ‘exported’ along with ex-patriots all around the world. Clubs have since evolved to the point where they exist in countries around the world although they are embraced to a greater or lesser extent in different places. Examples of private clubs can be found in such countries as England (and the greater UK), Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland, Hong Kong, India, Pakistan, Japan, Singapore, and the UAE. Perhaps no country has adopted the idea of clubs as much as the USA, where they have evolved into a veritable industry, are protected by law, and number into the thousands.
Humans, being social creatures, long to spend quality time with others – ‘others’, historically, representing those of their own kind. Perhaps it is for this reason that clubs have, rightly or wrongly, developed a reputation for being discriminatory. People generally find benefits from spending time with others. These benefits may accrue in many forms, including personal, professional, and political.
Governance
Authors: Barrows Clayton , Robinson Michael
Published: February 2019

We are fond of reminding our students that no two clubs are alike. That said, clubs can be similar in certain ways, including the ways in which they are governed. This chapter discusses what governance is, why it is important and presents several different governance models.
Recreation
Authors: Barrows Clayton , Robinson Michael
Published: February 2019

One of the things that makes a club into a club is that it brings together people with a common interest. Sometimes the common interest is food and beverage, but often it is a recreational activity, of which the most prominent is golf. But there are many other recreational activities that take place at clubs and this chapter will discuss many (though not all) of them. Club activities are many and varied. It is important for students to understand the individual activities, and particularly: (1) who participates; (2) how they are managed; (3) how they interact with other activities/areas of the club; (4) whether they are cost centres or profit centres; and (5) trends and changes affecting these activities and their popularity.
Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566
Authors: Fatriadi Fajar , Kurnia Dikdik , Satari Mieke Hemiawati
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Streptococcus sanguis is an initial cause of dental plaque formation which is the initial cause of caries. One of the preventive treatments can be done by using the mouthwash containing antibacterial substances. Along time, natural remedies are proven to be having more antibacterial properties. Ant-plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry) tubers are types of epiphytic plant that grows in many parts of Papua, with many health benefits, and are known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and tocopherols. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566. Methods: The ant-plant tubers were extracted with soxhletation method using the methanol solvent. The fractionation was then performed using ethyl acetate to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Result: The phytochemical test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the ant-plant contained phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The bacterial test in this study was using the microdilution method using the ELISA Reader by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis with positive control was using the chlorhexidine gluconate as the golden standard medication. The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tuber had an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus sanguis in the MIC of 31.25 ppm, while chlorhexidine gluconate was 0.49 ppm. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant had a lower antibacterial activity compared to chlorhexidine gluconate on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.Keywords: Ant-plant tubers, Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry, antibacterial activity, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.
Influence of organizational culture supporting work-life balance on well-being and depression mediated by work-life balance
Authors: Lee Jeong Mi , Choi Hwan Gyu
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to verify the structural relationship among organizational culture, work-life balance, wellbeing and depression. A total of 569 Korean employees were recruited. The measurement model and the structural model were verified and also the model applicability was examined through cross-validation across gender and age. The results show that organizational culture supporting work-life balance has positive effect on employees’ well-being and work-life balance whereas has negative effect on depression, and those effects are mediated by work-life balance. The results from the multi-group analysis showed that for both male and female employees in all age groups, organizational culture supporting work-life balance has significant effect on well-being, depression and work-life balance. In addition, it was verified that work-life balance significantly affects well-being and depression in all age groups regardless of gender.
Comunismo y trabajadoras: Comisión Femenina de la Unión Obrera Textil, Argentina, 1938-1946
Authors: Norando Verónica
Published: February 2019

Entre 1938 y 1946 las mujeres de la industria textil argentina experimentaron una gran participación política en la Unión Obrera Textil (UOT). En este trabajo analizo la experiencia vivida por estas trabajadoras con el Partido Comunista (PC) de la Argentina, que se había convertido en dirigencia del gremio en 1939, y profundizo en la conformación de la Comisión Femenina del sindicato y sus estrategias de inserción en el sector femenino de la clase obrera textil, entre ellas la que he denominado de sindicalización femenina, a partir de fuentes de origen proletario como El Obrero Textil (EOT) -órgano de difusión de la Unión Obrera Textil-, La Obrera Textil (LOT) y La Página de la Mujer (LPM) -ambas secciones de EOT-, circulares del PC y Mujeres Argentinas (MA), periódico del mismo partido.
Una vida de trabajo, sencilla y armoniosa. Representaciones e identidad en el campo sonorense (1926)
Authors: Cárdenas García Nicolás
Published: February 2019

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las representaciones que algunos sonorenses –funcionarios municipales y profesores- fijaron en un conjunto de textos en 1926. Aunque no se puede pretender que sus discursos expresen las opiniones del conjunto de los habitantes de sus pueblos y ciudades, los consensos encontrados sugieren que tales individuos compartían algunas representaciones concretas de ideas, de actitudes, de juicios, de anhelos o de creencias bastante institucionalizadas. En las poblaciones pequeñas, tal mundo simbólico parece bastante enraizado en el pasado y en la tradición, pero al mismo tiempo se detectan rasgos de la hegemonía ideológico-cultural porfirista. De acuerdo con Ricoeur, no podemos olvidar que tales representaciones se situaban en una lucha por la hegemonía cultural tanto nacional como local. Por ello, convendría repensar la relación entre las culturas de los principales grupos sociales sonorenses con el proyecto patriótico secular de la revolución mexicana.
A SHEA BUTTER RICH IN TOCOPHEROLS (VITAMIN E) AT THE DOGON PLATEAU AND SENO BANKASS IN MALI (WEST AFRICA)
Authors: Kelly Bokary Allaye , Davrieux Fabrice , Bouvet Jean-Marc
Published: February 2019

Vitellaria paradoxa, a forest tree species plays an important role for rural populations in Mali. The kernel is rich in fat, fatty acids and tocopherols and the butter extrated from the kernel is used in many African kitchens, in pharmacology, cosmetics, local traditional medicine and as Chocolate Butter Equivalent (CBE) in chocolate industry. A consortium funded by the Europena Union has worked on several aspects of shea tree including chemical characterisation of shea butter. In Mali, one of the project partners, five sites were selected, fruits were collected from selected shea trees and sent to Montpellier for chemical analyses assessing among other variables the tocopherol content of the shea butter using liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results of this study shown that shea butter from the Dogon Plateau and the Seno Bankass is richer in tocopherols (Vitamin E) compared to other study sites. Sites were found significantly different for tocopherols content all together as well as for each type of tocopherol. The richness of shea butter from the Dogon Plateau and the Seno Bankass in tocopherols confers to it an important nutritional value for the good healf of rural populations of this zone, shea butter being the main source of fat for cooking in this area.
Balıkesir şehir merkezinde trafik kaynaklı hava kirliliği seviyelerinin analizi
Authors: MUTLU Atilla
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizin nüfus ve ulaşım açısından en yoğun şehirleri olan İstanbul, İzmir ve Bursa illerini birbirine bağlayan karayolu ağları ortasında bulunan Balıkesir il merkezinde trafikten kaynaklanan hava kirliliği seviyeleri incelenmiştir. İl merkezinde bulunan toplam 24 kavşak analiz edilmiş ve bu kavşaklardan geçen taşıt sayımları yapılmıştır.  Elde edilen veriler COPERT programı yardımı ile analiz edilerek, kirleticilere ait trafik kaynaklı emisyonlar hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen toplam 24 kavşakta oluşan trafik faaliyetleri neticesinde, sıcak ve soğuk iklim özellikleri dikkate alınarak, yapılan analizler sonucunda yıllık olarak yaklaşık 682 ton CO ve 133 ton NOx emisyonlarının trafik kaynaklı olarak atmosfere salındığı tahmin edilmektedir.  İl merkezinden geçen İzmir-Bursa-İstanbul ana ulaşım hattı üzerinde bulunan kavşaklarda trafik yoğunluğunun diğer kavşaklardan daha fazla ve dolayısıyla atmosfere verilen CO ve NOx kirleticileri ile yakıt tüketimlerinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Teknologi Virtual Reality untuk Media Informasi Kampus
Authors: Saurik Herman Thuan To , Purwanto Devi Dwi , Hadikusuma Jeremiah Irawan
Published: February 2019

Media informasi terus berkembang dengan hadirnya teknologi yang semakin membawa kemudahan bagi manusia agar sebuah pesan dapat tersampaikan dengan baik, tepat, cepat dan bermanfaat. Salah satu perkembangan teknologi pada mobile yang mendukung media informasi adalah Virtual Reality (VR). VR menjadi alternatif dikarenakan penyajian pesan yang interaktif dengan memberikan lingkungan yang imersif sebagai daya tarik pengguna. Media informasi pada lingkungan gedung kampus menjadi salah satu topik yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Permasalahan yang didapat adalah bagaimana memberikan sebuah lingkungan gedung kampus yang imersif kepada pengguna dengan penanganan media informasi yang dirancang agar dapat disampaikan secara interaktif dan komunikatif. Penelitian ini mengambil studi kasus gedung yang terdapat pada salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Surabaya. Tiap gedung memiliki ruang di tiap lantai yang menjadi pusat administrasi, kegiatan perkuliahan, ruang serbaguna, ruang dosen, dan ruang kegiatan mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi VR dengan output mobile untuk gedung kampus beserta tata ruang secara imersif dan penanganan konten informasi dinamis didalamnya. Penanganan konten informasi dinamis dapat diwujudkan dengan penggunaan gyroscope untuk pergerakan VR dan konten penyedia informasi untuk teks dan gambar.AbstractMedia information continues to grow with the presence of technology that increasingly brings convenience for humans to a message can be delivered properly, precisely, quickly and useful. One of the technological developments in mobile that support information media is Virtual Reality (VR). VR is an alternative because of the interactive messaging presentation by providing an immersive environment as the user's appeal. The information media in the campus building is one of the topics discussed in this research. Problems gained is how to provide an immersive campus building environment to the user with the handling of information media designed to be delivered interactively and communicative. This research takes a case study of the building contained in private universities in Surabaya. Each building has rooms on each floor that become the administrative center, study activities, multipurpose room, lecture room and student activity room. The purpose of this study is to produce an immersive VR application with mobile output for campus buildings, and handling dynamic information content. Handling dynamic information content is realized through the use of gyroscopes for VR movement and information provider content for text and images.
Implementasi Metode Backpropogation dengan Inisialisasi Bobot Nguyen Widrow untuk Peramalan Harga Saham
Authors: Kurniawan Eliv , Wibawanto Hari , Widodo Djoko Adi
Published: February 2019

Jaringan saraf tiruan merupakan suatu ilmu yang terus berkembang pesat hingga saat ini. Jaringan saraf tiruan merupakan suatu ilmu komputasi yang didasarkan dan terinspirasi dari cara kerja sistem saraf manusia. Sama halnya dengan sistem saraf manusia, jaringan saraf tiruan bekerja melalui proses pembelajaran terhadap data-data yang sudah ada untuk memformulakan keluaran dari data-data baru. Jaringan saraf tiruan dengan metode backpropagation mampu melakukan peramalan untuk data nonlinear seperti bentuk data harian harga saham. Salah satu algoritma inisialisasi bobot yang dapat meningkatkan waktu eksekusi adalah nguyen-widrow. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan implementasi metode backpropagation dengan inisialisasi bobot nguyen widrow untuk meramalkan harga saham. Proses implementasi melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu preprosesing data, pelatihan jaringan, dan pengujian jaringan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan jaringan saraf tiruan dengan jumlah dataset yang banyak membutuhkan perhitungan yang kompleks, sehingga jaringan saraf tiruan dengan arsitektur jaringan yang sederhana kurang efektif dan dapat terjebak pada titik lokal minimum. Hasil peramalan untuk harga close saham BBCA.JK memiliki nilai MAPE 0,85% dan untuk harga close saham AALI.JK memiliki nilai MAPE sebesar 1,84%.

Abstract

Artificial neural network is a hot topic and invite a lot of admiration in the last decade. Artificial Neural Network is one of the artificial representations of the humans brain who always try to simulate the learning process of the humans brain. Artificial neural network with backpropagation method is able to forecast nonlinear data such as daily data form stock price. One of the weight initialization algorithms that can be increase the execution time is nguyen-widrow. In this research will be implemented backpropagation method with nguyen widrow weight initialization to forecast stock prices. The process of implementation through 3 stages, that is preprosesing data, training, and testing or simulate. The results of this research indicate that the training of artificial neural networks with many datasets required a complex calculations, so the artificial neural network with simple architectures is less effective and can get stuck at minimum local points. The results forecasting for the close price of BBCA.JK have a MAPE value 0.85% and for the close price of AALI.JK have 1.84% of MAPE value
Inflation perceptions and inflation expectation in South Africa: trends, determinants and comparisons (2006â€“2010)
Authors: Bosch A , Rossouw J , Padayachee V
Published: February 2019

This paper reports the results of a multinomial analysis of inflation perceptions and inflation expectations in South Africa. Inflation perceptions surveys among South African individuals have been undertaken since 2006. The introduction of these surveys followed on domestic inflation expectation surveys conducted in 2000, and the use of inflation perceptions surveys internationally. Domestic inflation perceptions surveys among individuals are a private initiative undertaken biennially, while domestic inflation expectation surveys among individuals are funded by the South African Reserve Bank and are undertaken quarterly. By comparing the results of domestic inflation perceptions surveys and inflation expectation surveys undertaken since 2006, this paper establishes common characteristics that impact on the formulation of inflation perceptions and inflation expectations. It supplements earlier research that focused only on the results of the 2006 and 2008 perceptions survey results. With the completion of the third biennial inflation perceptions survey in 2010, more data sets are available for the purposes of comparison. Furthermore, the questions on inflation perceptions were expanded in the third survey. Although this provides for a broader basis of analysis between inflation perceptions surveys and inflation expectation surveys, further periodic inflation perceptions survey data will be required to test whether current inflation figures determine and anchor inflation expectations.
Graduate entrepreneurial intentions in the rural provinces of South Africa
Authors: Malabana M J , Swanepoel E
Published: February 2019

This paper investigated the entrepreneurial intentions of 355 final year commerce students from two universities in the predominantly rural provinces of South Africa, namely Limpopo and the Eastern Cape. The study was based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The objectives of the study were to test whether the TPB can help explain the entrepreneurial intentions of rural university students in a South African context and to assess whether these students will have the intentions to start their own businesses in the future. The study was conducted by means of a survey using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the TPB is a valuable tool in understanding entrepreneurial intentions, and that the majority of students intend to start a business in the future. The attitude towards becoming an entrepreneur explained the most variance in entrepreneurial intention of the respondents, followed by perceived behavioural control. Subjective norms did not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. The results suggest that the TPB could be a valuable tool for measuring entrepreneurial intentions as part of a comprehensive entrepreneurship development programme in rural areas.
Worldwide genetic variation of the IGHV and TRBV immune receptor gene families in humans
Authors: Luo Shishi , Yu Jane A , Li Heng , Song Yun S
Published: February 2019

The immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) and T cell beta variable (TRBV) loci are among the most complex and variable regions in the human genome. Generated through a process of gene duplication/deletion and diversification, these loci can vary extensively between individuals in copy number and contain genes that are highly similar, making their analysis technically challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functional gene segments in the IGHV and TRBV loci, quantifying their copy number and single-nucleotide variation in a globally diverse sample of 109 (IGHV) and 286 (TRBV) humans from over a 100 populations. We find that the IGHV and TRBV gene families exhibit starkly different patterns of variation. In addition to providing insight into the different evolutionary paths of the IGHV and TRBV loci, our results are also important to the adaptive immune repertoire sequencing community, where the lack of frequencies of common alleles and copy number variants is hampering existing analytical pipelines.
“Nossa professor!...”: a voz de personagens que ecoa em diários reflexivos de um docente em formação
Authors: Sant´ana Tatiana Fernandes , Melo Geisiane Nunes de
Published: February 2019

Resumo
Na iniciação à docência, uma forma de o professor refletir sobre seu trabalho é através de gêneros autobiográficos, como o diário reflexivo, por revelarem posicionamentos, posições sociais e identidades, permitindo o docente ser ouvido (REICHMANN, 2009). Em produções deste tipo, destacam-se mecanismos enunciativos, como as vozes – de narrador, de personagem e social - (BAKHTIN [1992] 2010; BRONCKART, [1999]2009), que circundam o discurso do professor e permitem o leitor perceber as influências presentes nas ações profissionais do autor. Ancorado na Linguística Aplicada (CAVALCANTE; MOITA LOPES, 1991; MOITA LOPES, 2006), em especial, no construto teórico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, [1999]2009), este estudo apresenta como objetivo: identificar as vozes de personagens que perpassam no discurso de um docente em sala de aula, investigando a influência destas vozes na prática de ensino de Língua Portuguesa, na educação básica. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativo-interpretativa (ERICKSON, 1989), após analisar dois diários reflexivos, chegou aos seguintes resultados: as vozes de personagens se revelam quando o professor recorre a cenas do seu trabalho para ter o reconhecimento de seus alunos, para retomar alguma prática que até então não era a produtiva ou mesmo para relatar problemas relacionados às prescrições escolares, numa tentativa de reconstruir sua ação docente. 
Palavras-chave: Interacionismo sociodiscursivo. Diário reflexivo. Voz de de personagens. 
 
 Abstract
In the initiation to teaching, one way for a teacher to reflect on his work is through autobiographical genres such as the reflective diary, for they reveal attitudes, social positions and identities, allowing the teacher to be heard (REICHMANN, 2009). In those kinds of productions, there are highlights on declarative mechanisms as the – narrator’s, character’s and social – voices (BAKHTIN [1992]2010; BRONCKART, 1999), that encircle the narrator’s speech and allow the reader to realise the present influences in the author’s professional actions. Based on Applied Linguistics (CAVALCANTE; MOITA LOPES, 1991), especially in the theoretical construct of Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, [1999]2009), this study presents as objectives: to identify characters’ voices that are in teacher’s speech in the classroom, and to investigate the influence of these voices on a Portuguese Language teacher, in basic education. This qualitative-interpretative research, (ERICKSON, 1989), after analysing two out of ten reflective diaries, reached the following results: characters’ voices are revealed when a teacher appeals to scenes of his work in order to (a) have his students’ recognition; (b) return to some practice that until the moment was not produced; or (c) report problems related to the school prescriptions, in an attempt of rebuilding his educational action.
Keywords: Socio-Discursive Interactionism. Reflective diary. Character’s voice.
Pronunciation intelligibility in Brazilian learners’ English and listeners’ threshold
Authors: Cruz Neide Cesar
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on issues related to the role played by the listeners as evaluators of L2 learners’ pronunciation intelligibility. First, I discuss listeners’ threshold of intelligibility and listener variables. Linguistic and non-linguistic variables are identified. Then, I report on the qualitative results of an experimental study, whose listeners’ thresholds influenced their evaluations about the intelligibility of Brazilian learners’ pronunciation. Finally, I conclude with implications of the present discussion for future pronunciation intelligibility studies involving Brazilians learners’ English.

Keywords: pronunciation intelligibility. listeners’ threshold. Brazilian learners.

Resumo

Este artigo focaliza aspectos relacionados aos ouvintes que atuam como avaliadores da inteligibilidade da pronúncia de aprendizes de uma língua estrangeira. Primeiro, o limiar de inteligibilidade de ouvintes e suas variáveis são discutidas. Variáveis linguísticas e não linguísticas são identificadas. Em seguida, resultados qualitativos de um estudo experimental, cujo limiar de inteligibilidade dos ouvintes influenciou suas avaliações da inteligibilidade da pronúncia de aprendizes brasileiros de inglês, são relatados. Finalmente, as implicações da presente discussão para estudos em inteligibilidade de pronúncia envolvendo aprendizes brasileiros de inglês são apresentadas.

Palavras-chave: inteligibilidade de pronúncia. limiar do ouvinte. aprendizes brasileiros.
Thoughts on Promoting the Development of Students' Personality by Using English Community
Authors: Zou Ran
Published: February 2019

Abstract:Â Language learning has certain difficulties, especially English as an important second language. Junior high school students will encounter certain obstacles in the process of learning.Â The establishment of English associations and the attraction of students to participate, haveÂ a clear distinction due toÂ classroom teachingÂ andÂ community activities.Â They are based on the interests of students, so they can motivate students to participate.Â This paper discussesÂ the significance and methodsÂ of the English community to promote theÂ development ofÂ students'Â personality.
The Challenges and Reform Ways of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Jia Qiaoxia
Published: February 2019

Abstract: In the current new era, the education in colleges and universities has entered a new stage of development. Instead of focusing only on professors with knowledge and skills, it has also begun to pay attention to the content of ideological and political education. The current ideological and political education in colleges and universities emphasizes the implementation and practice of the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and plays an important role in the cultivation of ideological and political education. However, in the new era, the responsibility of colleges and universities for the ideological and political education of students is even more arduous. We need to face challenges positively and improve teaching methods and approaches. This paper will analyse the specific challenges faced in the ideological and political teaching of colleges and universities, and propose corresponding reform measures.