bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF INFORMAL AND FORMAL INFERENTIAL REASONING: A CRITICAL RESEARCH REVIEW
Authors: TOBÍAS-LARA MARIA GUADALUPE , GÓMEZ-BLANCARTE ANA LUISA
Published: July 2021

As a contribution to the discussion on the assessment of informal inferential reasoning (IIR) and the transition from this to formal inferential reasoning (FIR), we present a review of research on how these two types of inferential reasoning have been conceptualized and assessed. Based on our review, we discuss the need to redefine the conceptions of IIR and FIR in order to create an integrated description of inferential reasoning that includes not only ideas of IIR and FIR, but also the whole activity of argumentation, which involves the production of both statistical and contextual reasons. Current descriptions of IIR and FIR list the facts that might be brought from data analysis to the process of inferential reasoning. The approach we propose considers how the facts, both statistical and contextual, can be used as arguments, leading to assessments of students’ inferential  reasoning focusing on articulating the statistical and contextual reasons students present to support an inference.
First published May 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
QUINTILE RANKING OF SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PROBABILITY
Authors: OGBONNAYA UGORJI I. , AWUAH FRANCIS K.
Published: July 2021

There is some disparity in the quality of education among the various races and provinces in South Africa. Since the dawn of democracy in 1994, the government has tried to bridge the gap using quintile categorisation of public schools and its concomitant funding. The categorisation is based on the socioeconomic status of the community in which the schools are located. This study investigated the achievement of learners in the first four quintiles from one school district on the topic of probability. The study employed a quantitative research approach and used Bloom’s taxonomy as the conceptual framework. A total of 490 Grade 12 learners from seven schools participated in the study. Results showed that learners in Quintile 4 had significantly higher achievement scores than learners in the lower quintiles at all levels of Bloom’s taxonomy except synthesis. Counter intuitively, Quintile 1 students had higher achievement than those in Quintiles 2 and 3 at all cognitive levels of Bloom’s taxonomy, with the exception of synthesis. The educational implications of the findings are discussed in relation to quintile ranking of schools and learner achievement.
First published May 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Il duovirato nei municipia italici: contributo allo studio della fase finale del processo di municipalizzazione nell’Italia centrale e meridionale
Authors: Sisani Simone
Published: July 2021

Il contributo analizza in forma sistematica i casi noti di municipia retti da duoviri all’interno delle regiones augustee I-VII, con lo scopo di offrire una lettura in chiave strutturale della diffusione del duovirato municipale in area italica: l’analisi consente di formulare ipotesi sulle ragioni storiche del ritardo istituzionale manifestato da alcune aree della penisola, dove il processo di municipalizzazione giunge a pieno compimento soltanto a cavallo tra l’età cesariana e l’età augustea.
Adriano y Gades: una relación familiar
Authors: González-Conde Puente Mª Pilar
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la relación de Adriano con su familia materna y, a través de ella, con la propia ciudad de Gades (Cádiz, España), la ciudad de la que ésta procedía. La figura de L. Iulius Ursus Servianus, marido de su hermana, tuvo evidentemente un papel muy relevante en esta relación. A través del tratamiento en las fuentes clásicas se analiza la evolución de esta relación desde los momentos finales del gobierno de Nerva hasta la muerte de Servianus, para determinar hasta qué punto tuvo relevancia en algunas decisiones de Adriano.
Karl-Joachim Hölkeskamp, La cultura política de la república romana, un debate historiográfico internacional (=Libera Res Publica 1), Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza–Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 242 pp., 6 figs. [ISBN: 978-84-47
Authors: Sánchez González Víctor
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Karl-Joachim Hölkeskamp, La cultura política de la república romana, un debate historiográfico internacional (=Libera Res Publica 1), Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza–Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 242 pp., 6 figs. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2917-8].
Alain Villaret, Les dieux augustes dans l’Occident romain. Un phénomène d’acculturation (=Scripta Antiqua 126), Bordeaux, Ausonius Éditions, 491 pp. [ISBN: 978-2-35613-329-8].
Authors: Montero Santiago
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Alain Villaret, Les dieux augustes dans l’Occident romain. Un phénomène d’acculturation (=Scripta Antiqua 126), Bordeaux, Ausonius Éditions, 491 pp. [ISBN: 978-2-35613-329-8].
Sara Casamayor Mancisidor, La vejez femenina en la antigua Roma: cuerpos, roles y sentimientos (=Colección Démeter 11), Oviedo, Grupo Deméter, 2019, pp. 324 [ISBN: 978-84-16343-84-3 / 978-84-8053-978-4].
Authors: Reboreda Morillo Susana
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Sara Casamayor Mancisidor, La vejez femenina en la antigua Roma: cuerpos, roles y sentimientos (=Colección Démeter 11), Oviedo, Grupo Deméter, 2019, pp. 324 [ISBN: 978-84-16343-84-3 / 978-84-8053-978-4].
Gregorio Carrasco Serrano (coord.), Economía romana en Castilla-La Mancha (=Colección Estudios 168), Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2020, 435 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9044-367-5 (edición impresa) / ISBN: 978-84-9044-368-2 (edición ele
Authors: Peréx Agorreta María Jesús
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Gregorio Carrasco Serrano (coord.), Economía romana en Castilla-La Mancha (=Colección Estudios 168), Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2020, 435 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9044-367-5 (edición impresa) / ISBN: 978-84-9044-368-2 (edición electrónica)].
José Luis Ramírez Sádaba, Catálogo de inscripciones votivas de Augusta Emerita (=Cuadernos Emeritenses 45), Mérida, Museo Nacional de Arte Romano–Asociación de Amigos del Museo–Fundación de Estudios Romanos, 2019, 285 pp., 97 figs. [ISSN: 1695-4521].
Authors: Hernando Sobrino María Del Rosario
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de José Luis Ramírez Sádaba, Catálogo de inscripciones votivas de Augusta Emerita (=Cuadernos Emeritenses 45), Mérida, Museo Nacional de Arte Romano–Asociación de Amigos del Museo–Fundación de Estudios Romanos, 2019, 285 pp., 97 figs. [ISSN: 1695-4521].
Julia Ledóchowska i jej działalności na rzecz odzyskania niepodległości (1915-1920) i odbudowy państw polskiego( 1920-1939)
Authors: Zydek Sylwia Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Postać św. Urszuli Ledóchowskiej jest rozpoznawalna głównie za sprawą Zgromadzenia zakonnego które założyła – Urszulanki Serca Jezusa Konającego – Szare. Jej działalność na polu niepodległościowym raczej nie jest powszechnie znana. Dlatego też, warto przypomnieć postać tej niezwykle charyzmatycznej i pracowitej zakonnicy. Skłania do tego również obchodzona nie tak dawno 100. rocznica odzyskania niepodległości. Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia postaci hrabiny Julii Ledóchowskiej, która w latach 1915-1920 przebywając w Skandynawii pracowała dla Głównego Komitetu Pomocy Ofiarom Wojny w Polsce założonym w szwajcarskim Vevey przez Henryka Sienkiewicza, Ignacego Paderewskiego i Antoniego Osuchowskiego. Prowadziła działalność odczytową i zbierała fundusze by wesprzeć cierpiących rodaków. Po powrocie do, wolnej już, ojczyzny, w 1920 osiedliła się wraz ze swoimi siostrami i sierotami polskimi z Danii w Pniewach koło Poznania. Rozpoczęła kolejny niezwykle ważny okres swego życia, pracując nadal, równie ciężko, choć już zupełnie inaczej, bo na rzecz odnowy materialnej i duchowej kraju. Zakładała szkoły, świetlice, pozyskiwała młode dziewczęta dla pracy wolontaryjnej na rzecz potrzebujących. Jej praca wpisywała się w szeroko pojętą działalność na rzecz odbudowy państwa polskiego.
Sióstr Służebniczek praca w Dobrej w latach 1909-2004
Authors: Cieślik Adrian Łukasz
Published: July 2021

Na lata 1909–2004 przypadła w Dobrej praca sióstr zakonnych ze zgromadzenia Służebniczek Bogarodzicy Dziewicy Niepokalanie Poczętej, zwanych potocznie Służebniczkami Dębickimi. Artykuł niniejszy traktuje o ich pracy – niezwykle skromnej, acz tak bardzo potrzebnej dla wspólnoty parafialnej – siostry troszczyły się w tym czasie o chorych, ubogich, pomagały starszym, pracowały przy parafii, troszcząc się o wygląd kościoła i stan bielizny kościelnej, prowadziły katechezę, a przede wszystkim prowadziły ochronkę dla dzieci, co było głównym ich celem i zadaniem. W artykule zostały ukazane także trudności, z jakimi siostry się zmagały, a wszystko oparte zostało o materiały archiwalne pozostałe po siostrach oraz o ich wspomnienia. Artykuł jest nowatorski, gdyż porusza zagadnienia dotąd nieopracowane.
Pastoral Ministry of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and the Reality of the Peoples’ Republic of Poland
Authors: Ficek Ryszard
Published: July 2021

This publication analyzes the specificity of the denominational policy of the communist state in the period 1956–1970 through the prism of the pastoral ministry of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the Primate of Poland. The main research goal of the article is, therefore, to expose the “post-Stalinist” stage of the history of the Church in the context of the then socio-political situation in Poland, dominated by the rule of Władysław Gomułka’s regime. The exploration of the research topic will be based on the analysis of source texts and studies using the historical method in order to reconstruct historical facts and their reinterpretation using the inductive-deductive method. Interpretation of source materials focuses on showing the role and significance not only for understanding that period of history characterized by the struggle of Cardinal Wyszyński with the atheistic state of “real socialism,” which - as a totalitarian system - used all possible means - both party and administrative - to fight with the Church and the Nation rooted in the thousand-year Christian tradition.
Роль электронных государственных услуг в реализации Целей устойчивого развития
Authors: Тасмаганбетов А.Б. , Ағлешов Қ.Е. , Тлеубергенова М.А. , Ибрашева А.Ж. , Tasmaganbetov A. , Agleshov K. , Tleubergenova M. , Ibrasheva A.
Published: July 2021

Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасында тұрақты даму мақсаттарын іске асыру ерекшеліктері нақты қарастырылған. Авторлар тұрақты даму мақсаттарының маңызды индикаторларын бағалау мен зерттеу үшін, сондай-ақ статистикалық ақпаратты жүйелеу үшін талдамалық және салыстырмалы әдістерді кеңінен пайдаланған. Мақалада тұрақты даму тұжырымдамаларына байланысты ғалымдардың ғылыми еңбектері мен халықаралық ұйымдардың есептеріне баса назар аударылған. Талдау барысында мақала авторлары тұрақты даму мақсаттарының жаһандық рейтингінде Қазақстан Республикасының ең нашар көрсеткіштерін анықтады: «Аштықты жою», «Жақсы денсаулық және әл ауқат», «Теңсіздікті қысқарту» және «Бейбітшілік, әділеттілік және тиімді институттар». Мақалада мемлекеттік қызметтерді цифрландыруды жалғастыру және сыбайлас жемқорлықтың алдын алу мақсатында азаматтардың мемлекеттік қызметшілермен тікелей байланысын қысқарту ұсынылды. Мақала авторлары тұрақты даму мақсаттарын іске асыру бойынша нақты ұсыныстар берді: Қазақстан Республикасының стратегиялық құжаттары мен мемлекеттік бағдарламаларына сәйкес тұрақты даму мақсаттарының индикаторларын нақты анықтау; түрлі мемлекеттік органдар мен бизнес-құрылымдарда мүдделі тараптар арасындағы көрсеткіштерді тұрақты түрде келісіп алу; тұрақты даму мақсаттарының индикаторларын орындау мерзімдерінің бірізділігін толығымен анықтау; тұрақты дамудың негізгі мақсаттары бойынша мемлекеттік саясатты қалыптастыру.

The article covers the features of the implementation of the sustainable development goals in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors used analytical and comparative methods to assess the significant indicators of the sustainable development goals, as well as to systematize statistical information. The article focuses on the research of scientists and reports of international organizations related to the concepts of sustainable development. During the analysis, the authors identified the worst indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Global Ranking of the Sustainable Development Goals: "Eliminating hunger", "Good health and well-being", " Reducing inequality" and "Peace, justice and effective institutions". The article proposed to continue the digitalization of public services and reduce direct contacts of citizens with civil servants in order to prevent corruption. The authors proposed specific recommendations for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals: clearly define the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals in accordance with Strategic documents and state programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; regularly coordinate indicators between stakeholders in various state bodies and business structures; determine the sequence of deadlines for the implementation of indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals; form a state policy on key sustainable development goals.
INTEREST OF THE STUDENTS OF KARACHI UNIVERSITY IN THE TEACHING METHODS OF PAKISTAN STUDIES
Authors: Sadaf Iqbal
Published: July 2021

Pakistan studies is compulsory at secondary and higher secondary level. This subject is not about the past but it includes geography of Pakistan, agriculture and economy of Pakistan, industries of Pakistan, population, foreign policy, constitutional and political development of Pakistan. Through this research, study examines the opinion of students about Pakistan studies. From university of Karachi select two departments such as mass communication and other is computer science for data collection. The main objective of this study is that by changing teaching method examines the interest of students. Quantitative research design will follow and results will find by average percentage method. A questionnaire will be developing and will fill by the students, which are included in sample size. One group of students will teach with lecture method and other with mixed method (discussion, lecture, use of multimedia). Then assess the results of both groups
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA AND PAKISTAN
Authors: Lawal Mohammad Anka
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this paper was to find out how globalization has influenced learning process improvement in Nigeria and Pakistan. Identify the impact of Globalization in the educational reform revolution, service, delivery of scholars/ research in Higher education. Qualitative research methodology was used as it focuses on the need to document a set of policies, reforms and practices that will focus on changes as a result of Globalization with particular reference to Nigeria and Pakistan. It also includes identifying the role education can play in equipping individuals to participate more fully in their countries development and positioning the two countries to participate in global economy. The major conclusions drawn from this paper were Globalization has opened up a wider horizon in teaching. research and academic linkages for the two countries. Learning opportunities have improved remarkably since the advent of information technology and Globalization process. Indigenous knowledge has been promoted and enrolment has tripled. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations were made:(1) Investment in areas of research and ICT that will enhance teaching / learning process is needed. Innovation and leadership two qualities in greatest need within the two countries education sector. Stronger partnership needs to be developed between local universities and foreign universities.
Educational Employee High Performance Work Practices: A Fourth Industrial Context
Authors: Taha Shabbir, M. Nadeemullah
Published: July 2021

The study examines the relationship of high-performance work practices (training, empowerment and rewards) with employee performance in the context of the fourth industrial revolution in private university settings. To get the desired result, a cross-sectional sample of 334 male and female educational employees will write their responses using questionnaires. Structural equation modelling is used for computation. The managers have to cater to the revolutions taking place, and they have to develop standard operating procedures for working in private universities. The managers have to rethink high-performance work practices being used in organizations to achieve better performance. Training regarding using organizational resources may also be considered as a remedy. They are using organizational resources and time appropriately with developing trust among the employer and employees, thus fostering performance. The results show a weak relationship between the selected high-performance work practices with educational employee performance. Empowerment is having a negative connection with the performance that nullifies the existing evidence.
Exploring The Beliefs Of Academic Self-Efficacy Among Undergraduate Male Engineering Students
Authors: Touseef Fatima, Kiran Hashmi
Published: July 2021

Self-efficacy entails the belief of an individual in oneself for the accomplishment of a specific task. The study investigated sources as well as perceptions that promoted the development of academic self-efficacy of undergraduates. The phenomenological approach employed to analyze the perceptions of undergraduate male engineering students. As phenomenology found compatible with undergraduate students to explain their feelings, experiences, and thoughts about returning to obtain their engineering degree in university after being dropped out. Five participants from private Sindh chartered university responded through an adapted semi-structured interview that reflected their responses on the components of self-efficacy; (a) performance experience, (b) vicarious learning, (c) verbal persuasion, (d) affective states and physical sensation. The data was analyzed by thematization. The findings of the study suggested that components of self-efficacy were the strongest predictors for undergraduate male students who had been dropped out of university to eventually return to earn their engineering degree in university. Furthermore, the study also explored those perceptions about components of self-efficacy that provided a framework to learn those experiences that impact on the academic success of undergraduate male students who had dropped out of university to eventually return to earn their engineering degree in university.
5E INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL: A CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL
Authors: Abid Zia , Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary
Published: July 2021

Concepts of Chemistry are complex in nature and are hard to comprehend. To teach these complex concepts effectively, a modern constructivist instructional model can be a more appropriate choice. This study aimed to compare the academic achievement of students on posttest and retention test, taught through the 5E instructional model at the higher secondary level. The research design was pretest-posttest equivalent groups design. The sample consisted of 60 randomly selected students from the accessible population and was divided into two equivalent groups based on their pre-test score. The experimental group’s students were instructed through the 5E instructional model and the control group students were taught through the traditional lecture method for five weeks. Data was analyzed applying t-test at .05 level of significance. Data analysis showed that the experimental group outscored significantly than control groups on post-test as well as on retention test exhibiting the effectiveness of the 5E instructional model. It was concluded that although the 5E model requires more resources and time especially at the higher secondary level, however, it is recommended that this model must be used to teach Chemistry at the higher secondary level for improving academic achievement and better retention of knowledge.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT & ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A CASE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Athar Hussain , Imtiaz Ahmad, Ann Samson
Published: July 2021

The study aims to investigate the impact of involvement by the parents on children’s academic performance. Teachers and parents were requested to respond about effectiveness of activities under different categories of parental involvement i.e. collaborating with community, decision making, learning at home, volunteering, communicating and parenting. The sample of 100 adult students was selected from high schools of District Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, to investigate the relationship between parental involvement and students’ academic performance. Parental involvement scale, comprised of 30 items was administered on parents to access their involvement level while academic performance scale, comprised of 19 items was administered on students to access their academic performance. Descriptive statistics and student’s t-test were used to analyze the collected data and findings of analysis revealed that there is significant positive relationship between parental involvement and academic performance of students i.e. students have better academic performance if their parents have more involvement
IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION SKILL THROUGH INTERACTIVE READING STRATEGIES OF GRADE 10TH STUDENTS AT PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: Imran Ahmed , Martin Thomas, Shams Hamid
Published: July 2021

It is widely accepted that English reading comprehension skill is vital for academic success. Yet a majority of Pakistani teachers adopt the traditional grammartranslation approach, which fail to assist students to comprehend course contents that are taught in English. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of interactive reading comprehension strategies and traditional grammar-translation reading comprehension approach. This research used a quasi-experiment research design and the independent sample t-test to compare the reading comprehension skills of 10th grade students of two different schools of district Korangi, Karachi. The findings of the study proved significant improvements in English reading comprehension skills of the interactive reading comprehension treatment group over the grammar-translation treatment group.
PREFERRED REASONS IN SELECTING TEACHING PROFESSION AS A LIFE CAREER: A CASE STUDY OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Nargis Noor, Huma Akram, Muhammad Kamran
Published: July 2021

Commitment and efficiency of teachers have an important input in the successful accomplishment of educational objectives of any nation; thus, highly motivated teachers are vital for an effective educational approach. By using a quantitative method, this study examined why teachers select the teaching as a profession for their life career. Through the purposive sampling, pre-service teachers from the University of Loralai were chosen in which 147 students participated in this research. Researchers collected the data through questionnaires and analyzed it by using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The findings point out that majority of pre-service teachers choose the teaching profession as their life career due to the altruistic-intrinsic reasons because it received the highest mean as compared to the other reasons (i.e., extrinsic and reasons influenced by others). The extrinsic reasons and reasons influenced by others followed by in order of preference respectively. Regarding the gender variable, male and female pre-service teachers showed significant differences in altruistic-intrinsic reasons. Contrary to this, age, teaching experience and professional qualifications showed no significant differences with the altruistic-intrinsic reasons. Based on the findings, this study suggests that education policy should set standards for teacher education programs to elevate the status of teachers for attracting bright students before and after completing the programs.
WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN THE ACADEMIA: A VOICE OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Authors: Sadia Shaukat, Kiran Shahzadi, Farzana Yousaf
Published: July 2021

Considering the stereotypical views that affect women who aspire to high-ranking leadership roles in higher education, this study determines the perceptions of teachers about their role in the academic. This study was qualitative that invited women and men in higher education institutes to participate in the interviews to determine their understanding about the representation of women leadership roles in higher education. Followed by the open-ended interview questions about the evident factors that influence the workplace behavior, and barriers that represent the prejudice toward women as leaders. Analysis performed by NVIVO indicated that women leadership role in the academia is challenging as they avail less opportunities to demonstrate their role as administrator. Due to the stereotypical views of society regarding women empowerment and leadership role, women attitude towards their leading positions in career is relatively marginalized. The study revealed that stereotypical views of female behavior had little impact on the successful careers of the participants. The participants revealed little significance to experiences with social role expectations and characteristics of women leadership. The participants’ perception of their success was due to merit; the recognition by others as having the qualities and skills to lead in a variety of positions.
The Presentations of Convergence Insufficiency among Young Adults (18-25 Years)
Authors: Obioma-Elemba Jacqueline E. , Onu Nnenne U. , Amaechi Okechi U.
Published: July 2021

Convergence Insufficiency is a major binocular vision dysfunction commonly found among the youth. The prevalence of convergence insufficiency has been studied extensively; however there are limited data available on the prevalence of the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among young adults.
Convergence insufficiency is associated with symptoms such as fatigue, blurred vision at near, intermittent diplopia at near, “eye strain,” tension in and around the eyes, and the sensation of the print moving while reading. However, convergence insufficiency may present with or without symptoms. The exact prevalence of convergence insufficiency is not known.
This study assessed the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among the young adults (aged 18 – 25 years) within the Imo State University community, Owerri, Nigeria, using a cross-sectional study design. Through purposive sampling, a sample size of 162 participants was used for this study after screening and pre-assessment. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), the near point of convergence test, the Von Graefe phoria tests (at far and at near) and the positive fusional vergence tests were administered to all of the study participants.
Convergence insufficiency among the young adults of Imo State University presented with symptoms (without clinical signs, 14.2%; with clinical signs, 16.6%) and without symptoms convergence insufficiency (27.8%). The study revealed that convergence insufficiency with symptoms was the more prevalent presentation of convergence insufficiency within the study population.
A high percentage of young adults within the study population tested positive for convergence insufficiency, presenting with symptoms (with or without clinical signs) or without symptoms.

Key words: Binocular vision, convergence insufficiency, young adult, symptoms, diplopia, phoria.
Study Comparing the Liver Enzymes in Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Rishad
Published: July 2021

Objective: There were few clinical trials which indicate altered liver biochemical findings in diabetic patients, but through investigation to compare the liver enzymes in-between hypertensive and normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes was not evaluated. Thus main objective of current study was to compare the liver enzymes in hypertensive and normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary medical teaching hospital in Kolkata. Hospital OPD reports and patients clinical case records were used to fetch the required data in a predesigned clinical record pro forma.
Result: Total 180 patients were participated in this observational retrospective trial where 33% patient were normotensive but having T2DM and 67% patients were hypertensive with T2DM. There were no statistically significant differences between the study variables among both the groups. However elevated level of GGT, ALT and AST were observed in T2DM normotensive patients as compare to T2DM hypertensive patients. abnormal liver functions were recorded in patients with uncontrolled diabetes as compared to patients with good control (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The current study concluded that elevated liver enzymes like bilirubin, GGT, SGOT and SGPT were common among diabetes mellitus patients and comparable with patients with hypertensive as well as normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Liver enzymes, T2DM, hypertension.
The Carcinogen in Our Daily Life - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nallathamby Rani , Babu Boban , Soman Meril Ann
Published: July 2021

Objective: To study about the awareness of toxic effects of Formaldehyde in Chronic users
Design: Questionnaire study. Questionnaires were sent to chronic formaldehyde users and responses were analysed.
Setting: Large teaching hospital-various medical colleges in south Karnataka and Kerala.
Results: Most of the participants are aware about the adverse effects of formaldehyde but they are unaware of the major carcinogenic and teratogenic risks. Most of the participants don’t know the safe limit of exposure to formaldehyde and most of them don’t care whether the exhaust fans are working or windows are open. Majority of the participants had experienced the short term effects of formaldehyde whereas only 67 had experienced long term sequelae.

Keywords: Formaldehyde, Carcinogen, Embalming.
Biological Risk Factors and Early Developmental Delay Assessment in Infants Using Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Version 3 (ASQ-3)
Authors: Kaur Sumandeep , Sidhu Navdeep S , Randhawa Rajwant Kaur
Published: July 2021

Background: Development during early years of life is very crucial in the context of overall development of an individual. This is especially true for infants who have biological risk factors for maldevelopment. This study aimed to find the association of biological risk factors and developmental delay in infants aged 3-18 months.
Materials and Methods: For this study, enrolment of 460 infants was done in the age group of 3-18 months who were attending Immunization Clinic in district level Civil Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab. Developmental assessment in the five areas including Gross motor, Fine motor, Communication, Problem solving and Personal-social development was done using a standardized tool called Ages and Stages Questionnaire, version 3 (ASQ-3).
Results: Most of the study subjects viz., 426 (92.6%) were born full term whereas 34 (7.3%) infants were born preterm. Mean birth weight of infants was 2.9 ± 0.387 kgs. Out of the total, 259 (56.3%) study subjects were males and 201(43.7%) were females. Biological risk factors like gestation age and birth weight had statistically significant association with all domains of developmental delay except in the area of personal social development. On the other hand, gender had no association with any domain of developmental delay.
Conclusion: Gestation age and birth weight are the typical risk factors having significant impact on all domains of developmental delay except for the personal social delay. However, gender of infant had no association with developmental delay.

Keywords: Infant, Gestation age, birth weight, Developmental delay, ASQ.
The Effect of Company Policy and Organizational Culture on Employee Engagement through Levels Job Satisfaction at PT Ecogreen Oleochemicals
Authors: . Edward , . Indrayani , Yasa I Wayan Catra
Published: July 2021

The method used in this study is a causal model survey method, collecting data using a questionnaire that was prepared in advance and distributed to 100 respondents. Analysis of parametric and non-parametric statistical data, using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square regarding research variables, instrument testing, normality testing, hypothesis testing, and discussion of hypothesis testing and path analysis results. This study uses path analysis to examine the pattern of relationships that reveal the effect of a variable or set of variables on other variables, both direct and indirect effects, assisted by Smart PLS Ver 3.0 software. The results in this study indicate that: 1) Company Policy directly has a positive and significant effect on Employee Satisfaction with a p-value of 0,002 < 0,05, 2) Company Policy directly has an insignificant effect on Employee Engagement with a p-value of 0.126 > 0.05, 3) Organization Culture directly has a positive and significant effect on Employee Satisfaction with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, 6) Company Policy with Employee Satisfaction as mediation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Engagement with a p-value of 0.030 < 0.05, 7) Organization Culture with Employee Satisfaction as mediation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Engagement with a p-value of 0.003 < 0.05.

Keywords: Company Policy, Organization Culture, Employee Satisfaction, Employee Engagement.
The Effect of Core Stability Training on Dynamic Balance and Smash Stroke Performance in Badminton Players - An Evidence Based Study
Authors: Solanki Heena Ghanshyam , Gill Manmitkaur A
Published: July 2021

Background: Badminton is one of the most popular sports and fastest racket sports in the world in which single or double players striking shuttle cock to and fro across the net to score a point. The important components for badminton players are muscle strength, muscular endurance, power, speed, agility, flexibility, balance and coordination. Core stability training is one of the essential fitness components of any racket sports player, especially for badminton players during smashing the shuttlecock smash through the game.
Purpose: The purpose is to study the scientific evidences regarding the effect of core stability training on dynamic balance and smash stroke performance in badminton players.
Methodology: A search for relevant articles was carried out using key words- Badminton, core stability training, dynamic balance and smash stroke performance and search engines- Google Scholar, PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, SPOERT Discuss, Research Gate and CINAHL. Studies were selected from year 2010-2019. Ten studies were included in which there were 2 systemic reviews, 5 RCT, 2 correlation study,2 experimental study, and 1 cross sectional study.
Results: 12 studies were reviewed from which 11 studies concluded that core stability training is effective in improving dynamic balance and smash stroke performance in badminton players.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of these 12 articles, it can be concluded that core stability training is effective in improving dynamic balance and smash stroke performance in badminton players.
Clinical Implication: Core stability training is found to be effective improving and smash stroke performance in athletes with various racquet sports and can be performed to improve athletics skill performance.

Keywords: Badminton, Core stability training, Dynamic balance and Smash stroke performance
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer gástrico atendidos na especialidade de oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo - RS
Authors: Pastorello Julia , Lando Emanuela , Lunardi Mondadori Messaggi André , Ractz Bueno Marina , Pagnussat Cechetti Cristiane , Dos Santos do Amaral Camila , Carvalho Cogo Douglas , Rosa Filho Luiz Artur
Published: July 2021

O câncer gástrico é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes do mundo, ocupando o quarto lugar em frequência e o segundo em mortalidade. A origem do câncer gástrico é considerada multifatorial. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar o perfil clínico- epidemiológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer gástrico atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo no período de 2007 a 2016, realizado através de um estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo de caráter retrospectivo. No total foram 501 registros de pacientes com câncer gástrico analisados, sendo que a analise confirma os dados do perfil estudado dos pacientes envolvidos.
Եղիա Տեմիրճիպաշյան. Բազմավաստակ գրողն ու մտավորականը
Authors: Դեմիրճյան Պետրոս
Published: July 2021

Writer, publicist, philosopher, pedagogue, editor Yeghia Temirchipashyan (1851–1908) occupies a special place in the history of Armenian literature and, in particular, in the national-social, educational and cultural development of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was destined to live and create for our people, truly, in a crucial historical time, when not only national and public life, but also scientific and meaningful creative thought was undergoing rapid reforms. In the oppressive atmosphere of the Sultan’s Turkey, even the creative spirit of Armenians tried to find a way out of the developments taking place in the world, the sources of progress and the latest ways. In the system of communication and internal transfers, Y. Temirchipashyan gave priority to the present time. Soberly assessing the current requirements of life, he felt and realized that time has changed, the human being has changed. That is why, considering the Mashtots Grabar adored, he advocated the use of a manifests when assessing the complex phenomena of the transition time experienced by him from the point of view of the life and progress of the nation and society as a whole. In his famous articles entitled “The Evolution of the Beauty” “The Element of the Philosophy of History”, “A Hassle over Bringing up Girls or a Speech of Broom”, encouraging the influx of European literary, scientific and philosophical thought into the Armenian reality, he was against the intention to accept with open arms all the shepherds and currents coming from the West. At the same time, having mastered new aesthetic and philosophical trends, he also encouraged reading “nutritious, strengthening, awaking books”, and did not stop believing in the optimistic prospects of the nation and the Motherland.
Թանգարանների դերը քաղաքի մշակութային կյանքում (Շիրակի երկրագիտական թանգարանի և Կումայրի պատմամշակութային արգելոց-թանգարանի օրինակով)
Authors: Hovhannisyan Arthur
Published: July 2021

Թանգարանները՝ որպես «մշակութային դիվանագիտության» իրականացնողներ, ակտիվորեն ներգրավված են իրենց երկրների մշակույթների հանրահռչակման գործում։ Թանգարաններն այսօր ունեն լայն հնարավորություններ՝ զբոսաշրջության, մշակութային և սոցիալական հաղորդակցության գործում, և ներկայիս խոշոր թանգարանները՝ Լուվրը, Էրմիտաժը, Մետրոպոլիտենը և այլն, տարեկան միլինոնավոր այցելություններ են գրացնում և մեծ ներդրում ունեն իրենց երկրների զարգացման գործում։ Արևմտյան փորձը ցույց է տալիս, որ ժամանակի պահանջներին ներդաշնակ կառավարվող թանգարանը կարող է ոչ միայն գործունեություն ծավալել վաստակած սեփական միջոցների հաշվին, այլև «նպաստել տնտեսության զարգացմանն ու ընկերային (սոցիալական) խնդիրների լուծմանը` դառնալով հասարակության առողջացման ներունակ լծակներից մեկը»: Վերջին տարիներին Գյումրի քաղաքի հանդեպ աճող զբոսաշրջային հետաքրքրությունն իր հետ բերում է քաղաքի զարգացման նոր հեռանկարներ, որ մեծապես առնչվում են թանգարաններին և պատմամշակութային ժառանգության կառավարման հետ։ Հետևաբար թեմայի արդիականությունն ակներև է, քանզի Գյումրի քաղաքի երբեմնի ինդուստրիալ կեն-սագրությունը վաղուց արդեն անցյալում է, և քաղաքի զարգացման նոր տեսլականը կապվում է քաղաքի զբոսաշրջային հնարավորությունների օգտագործման հետ։ Այս տեսլականի հիմնաքարային դրույթներից մեկն էլ քաղաքի թանգարանային կարգավիճակի օգտագործումն է՝ ի նպաստ նրա զարգացմանը։
Հայրական դպրոցի սոցիալ-հոգեբանական առանձնահատկությունները
Authors: Sahakya Karine
Published: July 2021

Հոդվածի նպատակն է ընդգծել դրական ծնողավարման մեջ հայրական դպրոցի դերի կարևորությունը համակողմանի զարգացած անձ ձևավորելու գործընթացում: Հետազոտության իրականացման ընթացքում կիրառվել են ինչպես համագիտական (անալիզ, սինթեզ, պատմականության սկզբունք), այնպես էլ հատուկ (համեմատական) մեթոդներ:
Ուսումնասիրության արդյունքում հանգել ենք այն եզրակացության, որ դաստիարակությունն առավելապես իգական սեռին վերագրվող գործառույթ է, և ոչ լիարժեք ընտանիքներում, որտեղ բացակայում է հայր ծնողը, երեխայի հոգեբանական աճը թերի է մնում: Արդի ժամանակներում աստիճանաբար ավելի է կարևորվում հայրական դպրոցի նշանակությունը ներընտանեկան դերերի համակարգում, քանի որ այն կոչված է լուծելու պետության ժողովրդավարական անվտանգության ամրապնդումը՝ երիտասարդ ընտանիքի կայունության մեծացման հիման վրա:
Writing Demon Possession: The Case of the Witches of Warboys
Authors: Raiswell Richard
Published: July 2021

Early modern demoniacs were diagnosed through a process of negotiation between patient and community. Possession knowledge, then, was locally generated, a function of the space in which it was produced. This article, though, turns to consider the related problem of how a contested possession—one where this dynamic seems to have broken down—was established for a national audience in print. It examines how the author of the 1593 The Most strange and admirable discoverie of the three witches of Warboys, an account of the possession of the five daughters of Robert Throckmorton, endeavored to fashion a credible relation to convince readers that the three witches recently executed for murder by witchcraft were also responsible for the bewitching of the Thockmorton girls. I argue that this was done in a process analogous to diagnosis in situ, with the author establishing for himself a reputable persona, and deploying the rhetorical technique of enargeia in order to craft a beguiling textual spectacle.
Occultism in the Acid House Music of Psychic TV
Authors: Siepmann Daniel
Published: July 2021

From 1981 to 1991, the band Psychic TV served as the audio-visual propaganda unit of Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth (TOPY), an international network of occultists designed by Genesis P-Orridge to resemble a subversive, militant youth movement. This essay investigates how P-Orridge, Psychic TV, and TOPY embarked on a calculated campaign of “occult research” to test whether chaos magick rituals might conjure the widespread belief that P-Orridge and h/er followers pioneered the UK acid house movement. Primary sources from this epoch, such as Psychic TV's compilation albums with pseudonymous artist names, demonstrate how acid house's trademark psychedelia became a conduit for recruiting listeners into these occult experiments.
By Black Women’s Hands: Building Equitable Justice
Authors: Vaz Livia Maria San’t AnnaE Sant’Anna
Published: July 2021

The article evinces the need for the inclusion of Black women in the Brazilian justice system if equitable justice is to be achieved. The intersecting oppressions of race and gender to which Black women have been subjected down through the colonialist, slave-owning history of Brazil are still conditioning Black women’s access to spaces of power, notedly in the Brazilian justice system. Data are presented that illustrate the effects of institutional racism and sexism on justice officials, particularly how the dearth of Black women – the most vulnerabilized social category in Brazilian society – produces a single, white-centric, androcentric interpretation that ultimately makes the achievement of justice a white man’s privilege. From this perspective, Black women find themselves at a kind of intersectional crossroads that, on one hand, reinforces their social vulnerabilities while, on the other hand, it potentializes their ability to foster an epistemological, hermeneutic transformation inside the justice system, aimed at building a system that incorporates gender and race equity.
Womanist Spirit and Womanist Healing for Sandra Bland and George Floyd
Authors: MEDINE CAROLYN M. JONES
Published: July 2021

Womanist thought offers a holistic worldview from which to interpret the deaths of Sandra Bland and George Floyd. Alice Walker, in the novel Now Is the Time to Open Your Heart, introduces the Grandmother Spirit, a figure of the Great Spirit, an important element in Walker’s definition of what it means to be “womanist.” The Grandmother informs the action of Grand Mothers, both living and ancestor, who offer potential healing to Black people under violence, including death at the hands of police. The article analyzes one episode in the novel, Lalika’s arrest and rape by police, and the appearance of an ancestral Grand Mother, Saartjie Bartmann, who sustains Lalika. After exploring this visitation of spirits, the article turns to the cases of Sandra Bland, for whom no ancestor appeared, and George Floyd, for whom his mother and a host of Grand Mother witnesses, did appear. The article concludes with an examination of Walker’s essay “This Was Not an Area of Large Plantations,” in which she meditates on intergenerational interconnectedness and truth-telling and suggests art as a site of imaginative justice.
TREASURE OF ROMAN COINS MELNIKOVO-1
Authors: Скворцов К.Н. , Чореф М.М.
Published: July 2021

Объектом изучения стал клад римских монет, обнаруженный к юго-западу от автодороги Мельниково—Каштановка. Он был схоронен в деревянном ящике с бронзовыми ручками. Сокровище состояло из латунных монет италийского чекана. Большая их часть значительно изношена. Многие монеты так сильно потерты, что значительно потеряли в весе. Но, судя по факту их обнаружения в составе клада, их продолжали ценить. Приходим к выводу, что объект нашего исследования не являлся скоплением металлических предметов, ценимых за материал, из которого они были изготовлены. Он представляет собой денежное сокровище, составленное из хорошо известных в регионе платежных средств. Полагаем, что римская латунная монета в изобилии поступала в регион при императорах «золотого века» в обмен за янтарь. Заключаем, что население самбийско-натангийской культуры ценило разменные деньги римского чекана как средства платежа и накопления.

The object of the study was a hoard of Roman coins discovered to the Southwest of the Melnikovo—Kashtanovka highway. He was buried in a wooden box with bronze handles. The treasure consisted of brass coins of the Italic minting. Most of them are significantly worn out. Many coins are so badly worn that they have lost significant weight. But, judging by the fact of their discovery in the treasure, they continued to be appreciated. We come to the conclusion that the object of our research was not a collection of metal objects valued for the material from which they were made. It is a treasure of money, made up of well-known means of payment in the region. We believe that Roman brass coins came to the region in abundance under the emperors of the “golden age” in exchange for amber. We conclude that the population of the Sambian-Natangian culture valued the change money of the Roman coinage as a means of payment and accumulation.