bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrier-Density-Determined Magnetoresistance in Semimetal SrIrO3
Authors: Yang 杨 Liang 亮 , Wu 武 Biao 彪 , Liu 刘 Xin 鑫 , Wang 王 Mingyu 铭宇 , He 何 Congli 聪丽 , Wang 王 Shouguo 守国 , Zhang 张 Jinxing 金星
Published: September 2024

SrIrO3, a Dirac material with a strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), is a platform for studying topological properties in strongly correlated systems, where its band structure can be modulated by multiple factors, such as crystal symmetry, elements doping, oxygen vacancies, magnetic field, and temperature. Here, we find that the engineered carrier density plays a critical role on the magnetoelectric transport properties of the topological semimetal SrIrO3. The decrease of carrier density subdues the weak localization and the associated negative magnetoresistance, while enhancing the SOC-induced weak anti-localization. Notably, the sample with the lowest carrier density exhibits high-field positive magnetoresistance, suggesting the presence of a Dirac cone. In addition, the anisotropic magnetoresistance indicates the anisotropy of the electronic structure near the Fermi level. The engineering of carrier density provides a general strategy to control the Fermi surface and electronic structure in topological materials.
Specialising neural-network quantum states for the Bose Hubbard model
Authors: Y Pei Michael , R Clark Stephen
Published: September 2024

Projected variational wavefunctions such as the Gutzwiller, many-body correlator and Jastrow ansatzes have provided crucial insight into the nature of superfluid-Mott insulator transition in the Bose Hubbard model (BHM) in two or more spatial dimensions. However, these ansatzes have no obvious tractable and systematic way of being improved. A promising alternative is to use Neural-network quantum states (NQS) based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). With binary visible and hidden units NQS have proven to be a highly effective at describing quantum states of interacting spin-

1
2

lattice systems. The application of NQS to bosonic systems has so far been based on one-hot encoding from machine learning where the multi-valued site occupation is distributed across several binary-valued visible units of an RBM. Compared to spin-

1
2

systems one-hot encoding greatly increases the number of variational parameters whilst also making their physical interpretation opaque. Here we revisit the construction of NQS for bosonic systems by reformulating a one-hot encoded RBM into a correlation operator applied to a reference state, analogous to the structure of the projected variational ansatzes. In this form we then propose a number of specialisations of the RBM motivated by the physics of the BHM and the ability to capture exactly the projected variational ansatzes. We analyse in detail the variational performance of these new RBM variants for a

10
×
10

BHM, using both a standard Bose condensate state and a pre-optimised Jastrow + many-body correlator state as the reference state of the calculation. Several of our new ansatzes give robust results as nearly good as one-hot encoding across the regimes of the BHM, but at a substantially reduced cost. Such specialised NQS are thus primed tackle bosonic lattice problems beyond the accuracy of classic variational wavefunctions.
Classification of melt pool states for defect detection in laser directed energy deposition using FixConvNeXt model
Authors: Zeng Xinxin , Peng Shitong , Guo Jianan , Chen Guiying , Tang Jian , Wang Fengtao
Published: September 2024

Laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) has emerged as a promising technique for rapid prototyping due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. However, the intricate and multi-scale physics of the process hinder its widespread application. This paper addresses the challenge by focusing on real-time identification of melt pool states to detect defects early and minimize resource wastage. To achieve this, a FixConvNeXt model was developed for fast and accurate monitoring of melt pool states. This model was trained using 5000 melt pool images captured during the printing of single-track deposits from a charge-coupled device. To evaluate its performance, FixConvNeXt was compared with other models using various metrics. Experimental results demonstrated that FixConvNeXt achieved superior performance in accurately identifying melt pool states with 99.1% accuracy, while also reducing computation burden and processing time. The mechanism of classification by FixConvNeXt was explained using gradient-weighted class activation mapping. The research findings highlight the potential application of online process monitoring in L-DED. This study lays the foundation for future development of an efficient deep learning network for automatic defect detection and feedback control.
WCNN-RSN: a novel fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing using multimodal feature fusion
Authors: Chang Hui , Zhang Xinzhe , Long Yuru , Zhang Yan , Zhang Kun , Ding Chao , Wang Jinrui , Li Yuxia
Published: September 2024

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is significant for the safe operation of engineering equipment. Many intelligent diagnostic methods have been successfully developed. However, it is often susceptible to noisy environments. Therefore, the paper proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multimodal information fusion in time and time–frequency domains by combining an improved 1D-convolutional neural network (CNN) with ResNet50 wavelet improved CNN-ResNet (WCNN-RSN). The algorithm employs the Multi-Head Attention (MHA) mechanism to complementarily fuse fault features in different scales, achieving fault diagnosis by fully extracting fault features. The experimental results show that the diagnostic effect of WCNN-RSN is better than that of the comparison methods under noise interference, which proves that the proposed method possesses good anti-noise and generalization ability.
Experimental demonstration of improved quantum optimization with linear Ising penalties
Authors: Mirkarimi Puya , Hoyle David C , Williams Ross , Chancellor Nicholas
Published: September 2024

The standard approach to encoding constraints in quantum optimization is the quadratic penalty method. Quadratic penalties introduce additional couplings and energy scales, which can be detrimental to the performance of a quantum optimizer. In quantum annealing experiments performed on a D-Wave Advantage, we explore an alternative penalty method that only involves linear Ising terms and apply it to a customer data science problem. Our findings support our hypothesis that the linear Ising penalty method should improve the performance of quantum optimization compared to using the quadratic penalty method due to its more efficient use of physical resources. Although the linear Ising penalty method is not guaranteed to exactly implement the desired constraint in all cases, it is able to do so for the majority of problem instances we consider. For problems with many constraints, where making all penalties linear is unlikely to be feasible, we investigate strategies for combining linear Ising penalties with quadratic penalties to satisfy constraints for which the linear method is not well-suited. We find that this strategy is most effective when the penalties that contribute most to limiting the dynamic range are removed.
Exact solutions of the high-dimensional extended generalized Broer-Kaup equations with nonlocal symmetry
Authors: Shi Yue , Wang Chen , Yang Weiao , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: September 2024

To analyze the generalized Broer-Kaup (GBK) system, we have employed the methodology suggested by Lou et al, which involves constructing high-dimensional equations from conservation laws associated with low-dimensional partial differential equations. For the first time, we have derived the (2+1)-dimensional integrable GBK equations by leveraging the conservation law of the (1+1)-dimensional GBK equations. Through the imposition of constraints within the (2+1)-dimensional GBK equations, we have obtained a novel (1+1)-dimensional GBK equations. Subsequently, we pioneered the use of a nonlocal approach to analyze this new equations. Specifically, we constructed a closed system incorporating nonlocal symmetries. This was achieved by introducing the Lax pairs associated with potential functions and GBK equations, utilizing conservation laws. By applying the nonlocal symmetries to this closed system, we were able to deduce the generating element. The exact solution of the equation is achieved by combining finite symmetry transformations with a symmetry reduction technique that involves approximations. The dynamic behavior of the equations is studied by means of figures of the exact solutions.
Data-driven discovery of a model equation describing self-oscillations of direct current discharge
Authors: Levko Dmitry
Published: September 2024

Data-driven techniques developed in recent years for the discovery of equations describing complex physical phenomena open unique opportunities for plasma physics. These methods allow getting insights into the processes difficult for analytical description. Since gas discharges can be represented as complex electrical circuits consisting of impedances and capacitances, it looks natural to use the data-driven techniques to study their complex dynamics. In the present paper, the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) method is applied to analyze the self-oscillations of direct current discharge in argon. It is obtained that the third order polynomials describe best the oscillations of the discharge voltage and current. They allow an accurate capturing of the oscillations amplitudes as well as the harmonics of these oscillations. To understand the physical meaning of each term, an analytical model is presented which describes the discharge self-oscillations.
Exploring penta-ZnS2 monolayer as potential gas sensor for toxic gases based on first principles
Authors: Wang Kuanyi , Pang Jianhua , Wei Guang , Zhong Yifei , Wei Songrui
Published: September 2024

To gain a deeper understanding of the application of

ZnS

2

monolayer in gas sensors, this paper predicts the electronic properties and gas sensing performance of

CO
,

C

H

4

,

Cl

2

,

H

2

S
,

NO

and

N

H

3

gas molecules adsorbed on

ZnS

2

monolayer based on first principles research. The results show that

ZnS

2

is sensitive to

CO
,

Cl

2

,

H

2

S
,

NO

and

N

H

3

by chemisorption and to

C

H

4

by strong physisorption. The adsorption of gases effectively changes the electronic properties and gas sensing properties on

ZnS

2

,

and the bandgap of the adsorbed system changes significantly compared with the intrinsic

ZnS

2

,

and the characteristics of the work function can effectively distinguish various gases. Our calculations are of great significance for exploring the sensing applications of

ZnS

2

monolayer as a new member of the gas sensor family, and we expect that this work will provide new perspectives and theoretical foundations for the possible applications of

ZnS

2

monolayer in the sensing and processing of

CO
,

C

H

4

,

Cl

2

,

H

2

S
,

NO

and

N

H

3

gases.
Impact of environmental factors on the coevolution of information–emotions–epidemic dynamics in activity-driven multiplex networks
Authors: Huo 霍 Liang’an 良安 , Liu 刘 Bingjie 炳杰 , Zhao 赵 Xiaomin 晓敏
Published: September 2024

During public health emergencies, the diffusion of negative information can exacerbate the transmission of adverse emotions, such as fear and anxiety. These emotions can adversely affect immune function and, consequently, influence the spread of the epidemic. In this study, we established a coupled model incorporating environmental factors to explore the coevolution dynamic process of information–emotions–epidemic dynamics in activity-driven multiplex networks. In this model, environmental factors refer to the external conditions or pressures that affect the spread of information, emotions, and epidemics. These factors include media coverage, public opinion, and the prevalence of diseases in the neighborhood. These layers are dynamically cross-coupled, where the environmental factors in the information layer are influenced by the emotional layer; the higher the levels of anxious states among neighboring individuals, the greater the likelihood of information diffusion. Although environmental factors in the emotional layer are influenced by both the information and epidemic layers, they come from the factors of global information and the proportion of local infections among surrounding neighbors. Subsequently, we utilized the microscopic Markov chain approach to describe the dynamic processes, thereby obtaining the epidemic threshold. Finally, conclusions are drawn through numerical modeling and analysis. The conclusions suggest that when negative information increases, the probability of the transmission of anxious states across the population increases. The transmission of anxious states increases the final size of the disease and decreases its outbreak threshold. Reducing the impact of environmental factors at both the informational and emotional levels is beneficial for controlling the scale of the spread of the epidemic. Our findings can provide a reference for improving public health awareness and behavioral decision-making, mitigating the adverse impacts of anxious states, and ultimately controlling the spread of epidemics.
Prospect of Detecting Magnetic Fields from Strong-magnetized Binary Neutron Stars
Authors: Tang Rundong , Zhong Xingyu , Jiang Ye , Shen Ping , Wang Yu
Published: September 2024

Binary neutron star mergers are unique sources of gravitational waves in multi-messenger astronomy. The inspiral phase of binary neutron stars can emit gravitational waves as chirp signals. The present waveform models of gravitational waves only considered the gravitational interaction. In this paper, we derive the waveform of the gravitational wave signal taking into account the presence of magnetic fields. We found that the electromagnetic interaction and radiation can introduce different frequency-dependent power laws for both the amplitude and frequency of the gravitational wave. We show from the results of the Fisher information matrix that the third-generation observation may detect magnetic dipole moments if the magnetic field is ∼1017 G.
Mesiri: Mephisto Early Supernovae Ia Rapid Identifier
Authors: Zhang Lun-Wei , Wang Zhen-Yu , Liu De-Zi , Fang Yuan , Kumar Brajesh , Chen Bing-Qiu , Er Xin-Zhong , Liu Xiao-Wei
Published: September 2024

The early time observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a crucial role in investigating and resolving longstanding questions about progenitor stars and the explosion mechanisms of these events. Colors of supernovae (SNe) in the initial days after the explosion can help differentiate between different types of SNe. However, the use of true color information to identify SNe Ia at the early-time explosion is still in its infancy. The Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope (Mephisto) is a photometric survey telescope equipped with three CCD cameras, capable of simultaneously imaging the same patch of sky in three bands (u, g, i or v, r, z), yielding real-time colors of astronomical objects. In this paper, we introduce a new time-series classification tool named Mephisto Early Supernovae Ia Rapid Identifier (Mesiri), which, for the first time, utilizes real-time color information to distinguish early-time SNe Ia from core-collapse supernovae. Mesiri is based on the deep learning approach and can achieve an accuracy of 96.75% ± 0.79%, and AUC of 98.87% ± 0.53% in case of single epoch random observation before the peak brightness. These values reach towards perfectness if additional data points on several night observations are considered. The classification with real-time color significantly outperforms that with pseudo-color, especially at the early time, i.e., with only a few points of observations. The BiLSTM architecture shows the best performance compared to others that have been tested in this work.
Continuous cooling transformation behavior of V microalloyed hot-bent X80 pipeline steel
Authors: An Tao , Liu Wenyue , Li Tianyi , Zang Yan , Li Jiangwen
Published: September 2024

Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior of a vanadium-microalloyed hot bent pipeline steel was studied by using Gleeble 3800 thermal simulation machine, and the hot-rolling technique of the tested steel was designed. Acicular ferrite and granular bainite can be observed with the cooling speeds ranging from 1~ 40 °C/s. Higher cooling speed leads to grain refinement. The yield strength is 570 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 757 MPa. The fracture elongation is 22.50 %. The low temperature toughness at -40 °C is 325 J. The tested steel has both high strength and good low temperature toughness, and meets the mechanical performance requirement of API Spec 5L specification for X80 pipeline steel.
Study on solidification organization and phase formation of Fe-6.5wt.%Si high silicon steel by arc melting and heat treatment
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Pan Enbao , Zhang Zhiwang , Ji Qiuxin , Zhang Xinyao
Published: September 2024

The solidification microstructure and phase formation behavior of Fe-6.5wt.%Si high silicon steel was investigated using arc melting and heat treatment. The alloy phase composition and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The magnetic performance was measured at a high- and low-temperature vibration sample magnetometer. The results show that the temperature gradient causes alloy ingot to be roughly divided into three layers. With the decrease in temperature, from the bottom to the top, the phase morphology is fine crystals, columnar internal dendrites, and isoaxial internal dendrites. In the annealing ring ingot, the inner dendrites disappeared, and from the bottom to the top of the sample, the microstructure changed from fine crystal, columnar crystal, and isoaxial crystal, to micro-cracks, which first increased and then reduced. The hysteresis loop curve width of the alloy is narrow, the slope is large, the hysteresis is 0.126 emu/g, and the magnetic utilization after annealing decreases to 0.0667 emu/g, but the coercive force increases to 2.8 Oe/g, and the annealed alloy is more sensitive to the magnetic field and has a high magnetic conductivity coefficient.
A model-adaptive compensation algorithm for additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing
Authors: Wang Yin , Chen Yukai , Lu Yu , Wang Junyao , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2024

Additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) is a manufacturing method that combines additive manufacturing (AM) with subtractive manufacturing (SM) techniques. Given that the surface accuracy of ASHM components primarily relies on numerical control (NC) machining, it is imperative to incorporate model compensation to preserve finishing allowances, thereby obtaining additive manufacturing (AM) models from design models. This paper proposes a model adaptive compensation algorithm capable of dynamically adjusting the design model based on both model characteristics and the AM process. This algorithm not only ensures the retention of suitable finishing allowances but also addresses part size errors arising from the AM process. Comparative analysis against traditional CAD reconstruction methods highlights the algorithm’s superior attributes in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability when confronted with intricate model compensation scenarios.
Bending stiffness analysis of regular polyhedron sandwich structures
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Cai Shenghang , Zhang Qin
Published: September 2024

As a new type of sandwich structure, regular polyhedron sandwich structure has excellent structure performances such as high bending resistance and energy-absorbing features. However, the current design process of regular polyhedron sandwich structures often ignores the influence of unit-cell parameters on structural bending stiffness. Based on origami geometry, this study analyzes the geometric characteristics of polyhedron unit-cell structures. A simulation model was established to analyze the bending performance of regular polyhedron sandwich structures. The influence of the number of polyhedron surfaces and similarity transformation parameters on bending stiffness was analyzed by finite element software. Through finite simulation analysis, the influence graph of bending performance in the impact of various parameters was obtained. This analysis provides valuable insights for the optimization design of regular polyhedron sandwich structures.
Working space planning for wheeled robot overturning stability
Authors: Xing Haoxin , Li Tiejun , Liu Jinyue
Published: September 2024

Mobile manipulators have been widely used in the field of building construction. Typical features of construction robots include crossing various rugged terrains in construction sites, carrying heavy payloads, and performing tasks in a large workspace, which may lead to unstable posture or overturning. The tipping of the mobile manipulator, especially when carrying a payload, will cause danger to the surrounding environment and staff, leading to the termination of the task. The purpose of this study is to establish a real-time tipping prediction system, which can be used to avoid tipping of mobile manipulators. By employing the CAD model of the robot and parameters such as the center of gravity and direction, we can ascertain and assess the instability of the robot and the overturning algorithm, thus providing early warning and averting any potential danger.
Injectable calcium phosphate cement integrated with BMSCs-encapsulated microcapsules for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Yuan Yafei , Hu Jiangqi , Shen Lipei , He Lin , Zhu Yixuan , Meng Dan , Jiang Qingsong
Published: September 2024

Injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) offers significant benefits for the minimally invasive repair of irregular bone defects. However, the main limitations of CPC, including its deficiency in osteogenic properties and insufficient large porosity, require further investigation and resolution. In this study, alginate–chitosan–alginate (ACA) microcapsules were used to encapsulate and deliver rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) into CPC paste, while a porous CPC scaffold was established to support cell growth. Our results demonstrated that the ACA cell microcapsules effectively protect the cells and facilitate their transport into the CPC paste, thereby enhancing cell viability post-implantation. Additionally, the ACA + CPC extracts were found to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Furthermore, results from a rat cranial parietal bone defect model showed that ACA microcapsules containing exogenous rBMSCs initially improved the in situ osteogenic potential of CPC within bone defects, providing multiple sites for bone growth. Over time, the osteogenic potential of the exogenous cells diminishes, yet the pores created by the microcapsules persist in supporting ongoing bone formation by recruiting endogenous cells to the osteogenic sites. In conclusion, the utilization of ACA loaded stem cell microcapsules satisfactorily facilitate osteogenesis and degradation of CPC, making it a promising scaffold for bone defect transplantation.
Nanobubble-mediated co-delivery of siTRIM37 and IR780 for gene and sonodynamic combination therapy against triple negative breast cancer
Authors: He Xiang , Zhang Shentao , Tian Yuhang , Dong Jialin , Yuan Yanchi , Jing Hui
Published: September 2024

Gene therapy often fails due to enzyme degradation and low transfection efficiency, and single gene therapy usually cannot completely kill tumor cells. Several studies have reported that tripartite motif-containing protein 37 (TRIM37) plays a significant role in promoting the occurrence and development of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we constructed siTRIM37 and IR780 co-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) to achieve the combination of gene therapy and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against TNBC. On the one hand, ultrasound irradiation causes siRNA@IR780 NBs rupture to produce ultrasound targeted NB destruction effect, which promotes the entry of IR780 and siTRIM37 into cells, increasing the local concentration of IR780 and gene transfection efficiency. On the other hand, under the stimulation of ultrasound, IR780 generates reactive oxygen species to kill TNBC cells. Mechanism studies reveal that TRIM37 is an anti-apoptotic gene in TNBC, and inhibiting TRIM37 expression can induce cell death through the apoptotic pathway. And the combination of siTRIM37 and SDT can aggravate the degree of apoptosis to increase cell death. Therefore, siRNA@IR780 NBs-mediated combination therapy may provide a new treatment approach for TNBC in the future.
3D-printed magnesium-doped micro-nano bioactive glass composite scaffolds repair critical bone defects by promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation
Authors: Dai Kun , Zhao Fujian , Zhang Wen , Chen Dafu , Hang Fei , Zou Xuenong , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Magnesium ions play an important immune-regulatory role during bone repair. For this study, we prepared micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) containing magnesium, which can release magnesium, silicon, and calcium ions and has a positive impact on osteogenic differentiation and vascular regeneration. In this study, MgMNBG was compounded and combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for 3D printing. Afterwards, the physicochemical properties and bone repair performance of the scaffolds were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We also investigated the effects of MgMNBG on osteogenic differentiation, immune regulation, and vascular regeneration. The results showed that MgMNBG can inhibit inflammation and promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis by regulating macrophages. PLGA/PCL/MgMNBG scaffolds have good osteogenic and angiogenic effects, and the composite scaffolds have excellent bone repair performance and potential application value.
Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber scaffolds incorporated strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite from sand lobster shells: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological properties
Authors: Diputra Arian Hermawan , Dinatha I Kadek Hariscandra , Cahyati Nilam , Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar , Taufik Muhamad , Hartatiek  , Yusuf Yusril
Published: September 2024

The paper describes the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) from sand lobster shells by a hydrothermal method. The HAp and SrHAp were incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber scaffold through the eletrospinning method. The scaffolds were incorporated with 5 wt% of HAp, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15% of SrHAp. The physicochemical, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties of the scaffold were evaluated. The incorporation of HAp or SrHAp was evidenced by the diffraction patterns and the phosphate functional groups related to HAp. The morphological results showed the decrement of fiber diameter in line with the increased SrHAp concentration. A tensile test was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and the results showed that the scaffolds perform poorly at a higher SrHAp concentration because of exceeding agglomeration levels. The PVA/SrHAp15 performed the best antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with an inhibition zone of (15.2 ± 0.2) and (14.5 ± 0.8), respectively. The apatite formation was more abundant in PVA/SrHAp10 after immersion in a simulated body fluid. Cell viability results showed that the scaffold enabled the osteoblast cells to grow and proliferate. The biocompatibility of HAp and SrHAp resulted in the enhancement of cell adhesion. Based on all tests, the PVA/SrHAp 10 scaffold shows a strong candidate for further in vivo studies.
Assessing the Impact of ASEAN’s Harmonised Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards on AC Manufacturers
Authors: Jon Piter Silitonga Rio , Trong Anh Vu , Buntara Supendi Septia , Aplex Firstonda Katon Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The residential sector in ASEAN is highly dependent on cooling as a primary energy use along with cooking, making up about 82% of the sector’s demand in 2050. Air conditioner (AC) is one of the cooling appliances in ASEAN that will drive energy demand growth in ASEAN. Consequently, this surge in demand also contributes significantly to the region’s CO2 emissions. Recognizing the impact of AC utilisation, energy efficiency in AC is considered the most effective way to propose energy savings and environmental impacts. In order to improve energy efficiency in AC, ASEAN has committed to stringent Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) by achieving a target for a Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) of 3.7 by 2023 and 6.09 by 2025. However, an update of MEPS across the ASEAN region has key two challenges: Firstly, the financial investment required by manufacturers; and secondly, the development and evolution of AC technology. This study aims to utilise Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) to evaluate the impact of increased MEPS on AC manufacturers in the ASEAN region, with MEPS levels forming the framework for the TEA. The findings from this study offer valuable insights to manufacturers and policymakers, particularly regarding the impact of increased MEPS on AC manufacturers.
ASEAN Financing Climate Policy: The Effect of Fossil Fuel Subsidies on CPI and GHGs
Authors: Boonyasana K , Ahmad M , Kenjegaliev A , Mora F M , Foabeh P A , Lina N P M , Lopez J B G
Published: September 2024

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) employs fossil fuel subsidies to promote economic development, although such action may have a negative effect on the environment. This study employs panel data analysis to examine whether ASEAN’s fossil fuel (oil, gas, coal, and electricity) subsidies decrease the consumer price index (CPI; Model 1) and, on the other hand, increase greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs; Model 2) from energy levels, using yearly data of five ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2021. The findings demonstrate that ASEAN’s fossil fuel subsidies for oil, gas, coal and electricity do not reduce the CPI and, therefore, cannot be interpreted as reducing inflation. In addition, there is no effect of gas and coal subsidies on GHGs. This might be due to the small average of the five ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2021 in terms of gas and coal subsidies. Following the expectation, oil subsidy, which is the highest amount on average (4,635.44 real 2021 million USD), has a strong positive effect on GHGs. However, electricity subsidy, which is the second highest amount on average (1,963.22 real 2021 million USD), has a significant negative effect on GHGs.
Are long-term alcohol health harms overlooked in individuals with illicit drug problems? Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in a Danish cohort of clients in residential rehabilitation for drug use disorders
Authors: Brummer Julie , Kvamme Timo Lehmann , Thylstrup Birgitte , Hesse Morten
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study described the burden of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among those who had been enrolled in residential treatment for drug use disorders in Denmark and investigated whether self-reported information on alcohol use provided at treatment admission can be used to assess risk for future serious alcohol-related harms.

Methods

At baseline (entry in drug use disorder treatment during 2000–10), clients completed a European adaptation of the Addiction Severity Index-5. We tracked 4981 clients through 2018 using multiple national registers to identify fully (100%) alcohol-attributable hospital contacts and deaths.

Results

The death rate due to fully alcohol-attributable causes was 411 per 100 000 person-years, with an average of 0.18 fully alcohol-attributable hospital contacts per person-year. Using the Addiction Severity Index-5 alcohol composite score as a predictor in an adjusted competing risks regression model, a higher score was associated with a higher risk of alcohol-related death. The alcohol composite score was a significant predictor of alcohol-related hospital contacts in an adjusted recurrent events model.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of people originally identified as experiencing drug use disorders have alcohol problems that need to be monitored and managed to prevent serious complications. By demonstrating the predictive power of self-reported data, our study concludes that the Addiction Severity Index-5 can be used to identify individuals with drug use disorders at risk for severe long-term alcohol-related health outcomes.
Atomistic simulations reveal impacts of missense mutations on the structure and function of SynGAP1
Authors: Ali Aliaa E , Li Li-Li , Courtney Michael J , Pentikäinen Olli T , Postila Pekka A
Published: September 2024

De novo mutations in the synaptic GTPase activating protein (SynGAP) are associated with neurological disorders like intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. SynGAP is also implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Although pathogenic variants are highly penetrant in neurodevelopmental conditions, a substantial number of them are caused by missense mutations that are difficult to diagnose. Hence, in silico mutagenesis was performed for probing the missense effects within the N-terminal region of SynGAP structure. Through extensive molecular dynamics simulations, encompassing three 150-ns replicates for 211 variants, the impact of missense mutations on the protein fold was assessed. The effect of the mutations on the folding stability was also quantitatively assessed using free energy calculations. The mutations were categorized as potentially pathogenic or benign based on their structural impacts. Finally, the study introduces wild-type-SynGAP in complex with RasGTPase at the inner membrane, while considering the potential effects of mutations on these key interactions. This study provides structural perspective to the clinical assessment of SynGAP missense variants and lays the foundation for future structure-based drug discovery.
Thin-film fabrication of polythiophene block copolymer via friction transfer
Authors: Yamagishi Mizuho , Yamamoto Sonoka , Okano Kentaro , Koshiba Yasuko , Horike Shohei , Ishida Kenji , Horie Masaki , Mori Atsunori
Published: September 2024

A thin film of thiophene block copolymer composed of 3-dodecylthiophene and 3-benzenesulfonato–thiophene was fabricated by using the friction-transfer method. The benzenesulfonato moiety was transformed by heating to the corresponding sulfonic acid, which induced self-doping. The obtained friction-transfer film showed different morphology from the related cast film. It was also revealed that the film indicated anisotropy parallel/perpendicular toward the drawing direction, which induced absorption dichroism and anisotropy of electric conductivity.
Bronchial cell epigenetic aging in a human experimental study of short-term diesel and ozone exposures
Authors: Nwanaji-Enwerem Jamaji C , Bozack Anne K , Ward-Caviness Cavin , Diaz-Sanchez David , Devlin Robert B , Bind Marie-Abèle C , Cardenas Andres
Published: September 2024

Blood-based, observational, and cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest that air pollutant exposures alter biological aging. In a single-blinded randomized crossover human experiment of 17 volunteers, we examined the effect of randomized 2-h controlled air pollution exposures on respiratory tissue epigenetic aging. Bronchial epithelial cell DNA methylation 24 h post-exposure was measured using the HumanMethylation450K BeadChip, and there was a minimum 2-week washout period between exposures. All 17 volunteers were exposed to ozone, but only 13 were exposed to diesel exhaust. Horvath DNAmAge [Pearson coefficient (r) = 0.64; median absolute error (MAE) = 2.7 years], GrimAge (r = 0.81; MAE = 13 years), and DNAm Telomere Length (DNAmTL) (r = −0.65) were strongly correlated with chronological age in this tissue. Compared to clean air, ozone exposure was associated with longer DNAmTL (median difference 0.11 kb, Fisher’s exact P-value = .036). This randomized trial suggests a weak relationship of ozone exposure with DNAmTL in target respiratory cells. Still, causal relationships with long-term exposures need to be evaluated.
DNA methylation correlates with transcriptional noise in response to elevated pCO2 in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Authors: Venkataraman Yaamini R , Huffmyer Ariana S , White Samuel J , Downey-Wall Alan , Ashey Jill , Becker Danielle M , Bengtsson Zachary , Putnam Hollie M , Strand Emma , Rodríguez-Casariego Javier A , Wanamaker Shelly A , Lotterhos Katie E , Roberts Steven B
Published: September 2024

Ocean acidification significantly affects marine calcifiers like oysters, warranting the study of molecular mechanisms like DNA methylation that contribute to adaptive plasticity in response to environmental change. However, a consensus has not been reached on the extent to which methylation modules gene expression, and in turn plasticity, in marine invertebrates. In this study, we investigated the impact of pCO2 on gene expression and DNA methylation in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. After a 30-day exposure to control (572 ppm) or elevated pCO2 (2827 ppm), whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq data were generated from adult female gonad tissue and male sperm samples. Although differentially methylated loci (DMLs) were identified in females (89) and males (2916), there were no differentially expressed genes and only one differentially expressed transcript in females. However, gene body methylation impacted other forms of gene activity in sperm, such as the maximum number of transcripts expressed per gene and changes in the predominant transcript expressed. Elevated pCO2 exposure increased gene expression variability (transcriptional noise) in males but decreased noise in females, suggesting a sex-specific role of methylation in gene expression regulation. Functional annotation of genes with changes in transcript-level expression or containing DMLs revealed several enriched biological processes potentially involved in elevated pCO2 response, including apoptotic pathways and signal transduction, as well as reproductive functions. Taken together, these results suggest that DNA methylation may regulate gene expression variability to maintain homeostasis in elevated pCO2 conditions and could play a key role in environmental resilience in marine invertebrates.
CMR native T1 and T2 mapping in Olympic athletes: the influence of sports discipline and sex
Authors: Prosperi Silvia , Monosilio Sara , Lemme Erika , Filomena Domenico , Penza Marco , Birtolo Lucia Ilaria , Mango Ruggiero , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Gualdi Gianfranco , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Pelliccia Antonio , Maestrini Viviana
Published: September 2024

Aims

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a growing role in evaluating athletes’ hearts. Mapping techniques provide added value for tissue characterization, but data on athletes and sports disciplines are lacking. To describe native mapping values in a cohort of Olympic athletes and evaluate the influence of sports discipline and sex.

Methods and results

A group of 300 Olympic athletes (13% skill, 20% power, 25% mixed, 42% endurance, 58% male) with unremarkable cardiovascular screening and a control group of 42 sedentary subjects (52% male) underwent CMR without contrast administration. Athletes were divided based on sex and sports categories according to the ESC classification. Among athletes of different sports categories and controls, endurance presented the lowest value of T1 mapping (P < 0.001). No differences in T2 mapping were observed (P = 0.472). Female athletes had higher values of T1 native myocardial mapping compared with males (P = 0.001), while there were no differences in T2 mapping (P = 0.817). Male athletes with higher left ventricular mass indexed (LV-Massi) had lower values of T1 mapping (P = 0.006) and slightly higher values of T2 mapping, even if not significant (P = 0.150). Female athletes with higher LV-Massi did not show significant differences in T1 and T2 mapping (P = 0.053 and P = 0.438).

Conclusion

T1 native myocardial mapping showed significant differences related to sports disciplines and gender. Athletes with the largest LV remodelling, mostly endurance and mixed, showed the lowest values of T1 mapping. Male athletes showed lower values of T1 mapping than females. No significant differences were observed in T2 mapping related to sports disciplines and gender.
Impact of implementing primary care-based medication for opioid use disorder on provider and staff perceptions
Authors: Mazzarelli Sara , Blewer Audrey L , Østbye Truls , Rhodes Katherine , Plasencia Gabriela , Hart Lauren , Sawin Gregory
Published: September 2024

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the management of opioid use disorder (OUD) on an outpatient basis with buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone (or methadone, which is limited to federally certified opioid treatment programs). Primary care practices are well poised to provide comprehensive care for patients with OUD, including provision of MOUD. The aim of this study was to assess provider and staff OUD attitudes and role perceptions before and after implementation of a MOUD clinical service line. A survey was distributed to evaluate attitudes and perceptions of patients with OUD and provision of MOUD among providers and staff in an academic family medicine clinic. Surveys were distributed in December 2020 (73% response rate), prior to a substance use disorder educational training and MOUD service line implementation, which provided patients with OUD both primary care services and management with buprenorphine/naloxone. A follow-up survey was distributed in February 2022 (69% response rate).Training and implementation of the MOUD service line demonstrated improvements in the domains of motivation (+0.63), attitudes (+0.32), satisfaction (+0.38), role support (+0.48), role adequacy (+0.39), and safety (+0.79) among surveyed participants. The change in satisfaction and safety domains was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no change in the role legitimacy domain.Implementation of a primary care-based MOUD service line positively affected provider and staff motivation, attitudes, satisfaction, sense of safety, role support, and adequacy when working with patients with OUD. This highlights the benefits of MOUD-specific clinical support to optimize care delivery within primary care.
Agar lot-specific inhibition in the plating efficiency of yeast spores and cells
Authors: Protacio Reine U , Davidson Mari K , Malone Emory G , Helmlinger Dominique , Smith Jeremy R , Gibney Patrick A , Wahls Wayne P
Published: September 2024

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are highly diverged (530 mya), single-celled, and model eukaryotic organisms. Scientists employ mating, meiosis, and the plating of ascospores and cells to generate strains with novel genotypes and to discover biological processes. Our 3 laboratories encountered independently sudden-onset, major impediments to such research. Spore suspensions and vegetative cells no longer plated effectively on minimal media. By systematically analyzing multiple different media components from multiple different suppliers, we identified the source of the problem. Specific lots of agar were toxic. We report that this sporadic toxicity affects independently the agar stocks of multiple vendors, has occurred repeatedly over at least 3 decades, and extends to species in highly diverged taxa. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects displayed variable penetrance and were attenuated on rich media. Consequently, quality control checks that use only rich media can provide false assurances on the quality of the agar. Lastly, we describe likely sources of the toxicity and we provide specific guidance for quality control measures that should be applied by all vendors as preconditions for their sale of agar.
Mistranslating tRNA variants have anticodon- and sex-specific impacts on Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Isaacson Joshua R , Berg Matthew D , Jagiello Jessica , Yeung William , Charles Brendan , Villén Judit , Brandl Christopher J , Moehring Amanda J
Published: September 2024

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are vital in determining the specificity of translation. Mutations in tRNA genes can result in the misincorporation of amino acids into nascent polypeptides in a process known as mistranslation. Since mistranslation has different impacts, depending on the type of amino acid substitution, our goal here was to compare the impact of different mistranslating tRNASer variants on fly development, lifespan, and behaviour. We established two mistranslating fly lines, one with a tRNASer variant that misincorporates serine at valine codons (V→S) and the other that misincorporates serine at threonine codons (T→S). While both mistranslating tRNAs increased development time and developmental lethality, the severity of the impacts differed depending on amino acid substitution and sex. The V→S variant extended embryonic, larval, and pupal development whereas the T→S only extended larval and pupal development. Females, but not males, containing either mistranslating tRNA presented with significantly more anatomical deformities than controls. Since mistranslation disrupts cellular translation and proteostasis, we also tested the hypothesis that tRNA variants impact fly lifespan. Interestingly, mistranslating females experienced extended lifespan whereas mistranslating male lifespan was unaffected. Consistent with delayed neurodegeneration and beneficial effects of mistranslation, mistranslating flies from both sexes showed improved locomotion as they aged. The ability of mistranslating tRNA variants to have both positive and negative effects on fly physiology and behaviour has important implications for human health given the prevalence of tRNA variants in humans.
Genomic insights into endangerment and conservation of the garlic-fruit tree (Malania oleifera), a plant species with extremely small populations
Authors: Shen Yuanting , Tao Lidan , Zhang Rengang , Yao Gang , Zhou Minjie , Sun Weibang , Ma Yongpeng
Published: September 2024

Background

Advanced whole-genome sequencing techniques enable covering nearly all genome nucleotide variations and thus can provide deep insights into protecting endangered species. However, the use of genomic data to make conservation strategies is still rare, particularly for endangered plants. Here we performed comprehensive conservation genomic analysis for Malania oleifera, an endangered tree species with a high amount of nervonic acid. We used whole-genome resequencing data of 165 samples, covering 16 populations across the entire distribution range, to investigate the formation reasons of its extremely small population sizes and to evaluate the possible genomic offsets and changes of ecology niche suitability under future climate change.

Results

Although M. oleifera maintains relatively high genetic diversity among endangered woody plants (θπ = 3.87 × 10−3), high levels of inbreeding have been observed, which have reduced genetic diversity in 3 populations (JM, NP, and BM2) and caused the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Repeated bottleneck events, recent inbreeding (∼490 years ago), and anthropogenic disturbance to wild habitats have aggravated the fragmentation of M. oleifera and made it endangered. Due to the significant effect of higher average annual temperature, populations distributed in low altitude exhibit a greater genomic offset. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling shows the suitable habitats for M. oleifera will decrease by 71.15% and 98.79% in 2100 under scenarios SSP126 and SSP585, respectively.

Conclusions

The basic realizations concerning the threats to M. oleifera provide scientific foundation for defining management and adaptive units, as well as prioritizing populations for genetic rescue. Meanwhile, we highlight the importance of integrating genomic offset and ecological niche modeling to make targeted conservation actions under future climate change. Overall, our study provides a paradigm for genomics-directed conservation.