bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queer Surveillance Studies. Überlegungen zu den Schnittstellen von Queer Theory und Surveillance Studies
Authors: Dannenberg Nadine
Published: October 2019

In digitalisierten, kapitalistischen Ökonomien nimmt Überwachung gegenwärtig eine ubiquitäre Stellung ein, deren Formen und Funktionen im Bereich der Surveillance Studies erörtert werden. Geprägt von einer Tradition gouvernementalitätskritischer Theorie stehen dabei vor allem das Verhältnis von Privatheit und Öffentlichkeit sowie von Un/Sichtbarkeit und Un/Sicherheit im Fokus, die in einer Reihe fundierter Zeitdiagnosen diskutiert werden. Während damit ergiebige Symptomanalysen vorliegen, erscheinen sie zugleich häufig als merkwürdig ursachenblind, was nicht zuletzt darin begründet sein mag, dass queerfeministische Positionen bislang nur wenig Beachtung finden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf der Basis einer selektiven Literaturstudie der Versuch unternommen, die beiden Theoriestränge zusammenzuführen, um so ihre produktiven Potenziale auszuloten, aber auch mögliche Probleme herauszufiltern.
Die Instrumentalisierung von Frauen*rechten in rechten Diskursen am Beispiel der Kampagne #120db
Authors: Drüeke Ricarda , Klaus Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

In unserem Beitrag steht mit #120db eine „Frauenrechts-Kampagne“ der sogenannten „Identitären Bewegung“ im Fokus. Die Identitären, die sich als Teil einer modernen rechten Bewegung inszenieren, nutzen vor allem digitale Medien im Zusammenspiel mit öffentlichkeitswirksamen Aktionen. Anhand einer Analyse des im Mittelpunkt der Kampagne #120db stehenden YouTube-Videos zeigen wir, wie die angeblichen Forderungen nach Frauen*rechten mit geschlechterbinären, rassistischen und antifeministischen Positionen verknüpft sind. Die zentralen Argumentationsmuster des Videos verorten wir im Rahmen von politischen und medialen Debatten, gesellschaftlichen Diskursen und kulturellen Deutungsmustern. Insbesondere finden sich im Video Bezüge zu Nationenund Kriegsdiskursen, zu ethnopluralistischen Positionen, zu medialen Inszenierungen im Kontext von Flucht und Migration sowie schließlich zu aktuellen Sicherheitsdebatten in Österreich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Inhalte der Kampagne eng mit rechten Ideologien verknüpft sind, etwa im Hinblick auf völkische und identitätspolitische Diskurse. Darüber hinaus werden Gender, Migration und Gewalt verknüpft, um rassistische Politiken und Ausgrenzung zu legitimieren. Dies wird von einer De-Legitimierung und Abwertung feministischer Politiken begleitet.
Long-term outcomes of triple semicircular canal plugging for the treatment of intractable Meniere’s disease: A single center experience of 361 cases
Authors: Zhang Daogong , Lv Yafeng , Han Yuechen , Li Yawei , Li Xiaofei , Wang Jing , Song Yongdong , Kong Ligang , Jian Huirong , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Meniere’s disease is a common chronic inner ear disease. Because the definitive pathogenesis is still unknown, there is currently no cure for this disorder. Semicircular canal plugging (SCP), first used to treat patients with intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, has since been applied to patients with intractable peripheral vertigo. This study was aimed to explore the long-term efficacy of triple semicircular canal plugging (TSCP) in the treatment of intractable Meniere’s disease (MD) so as to provide a new method in the framework of treatment with MD.

METHODS:

Three hundred and sixty-one unilateral MD patients, who were treated with TSCP in our hospital between Dec. 2010 and Sep. 2016, were recruited in this study for retrospective analysis. Vertigo control and auditory function were monitored during a period of two-year follow-up. Seventy three patients who were subjected to intratympanic gentamicin were selected as a control group. Pure tone audiometry, caloric test, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) were performed in two-year follow-up.

RESULTS:

The total control rate of vertigo in TSCP group was 97.8% (353/361) in the two-year follow-up, with complete control rate of 80.3% (290/361) and substantial control rate of 17.5% (63/361). The rate of hearing loss was 26.3% (95/361). The total control rate of vertigo in intratympanic gentamicin group was 83.6% (61/73), with complete control rate of 63.0% (46/73) and substantial control rate of 20.5% (15/73). The rate of hearing loss was 24.7% (18/73). The vertigo control rate of TSCP was significantly higher than that of chemical labyrinthectomy( χ2 = 24.798, p <  0.05). There was no significant difference of hearing loss rate between two groups. ( χ2 = 0.087, p >  0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Triple semicircular canal plugging (TSCP), which can reduce vertiginous symptoms in patients with intractable Meniere’s disease (MD), represents an effective therapy for this disorder. It might become a new important method in the framework of treatment with MD.
The impact of currency crises on economic growth and foreign direct investment: The analysis of emerging and developing economies
Authors: Abdushukurov Nurilla
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the discussion centers on the possible effects of currency crises on different economic indicators, with special attention to economic growth and foreign direct investment. There is insufficient research on this topic to draw any firm conclusions about the associations between currency crises and aforementioned variables. In fact, it appears that the impact of currency crises on economic growth and foreign direct investment is negative respectively. However, this study indicates that foreign direct investment can be positively correlated with currency crises as contrary to the common belief. The current study analyzes these relationships through dynamic panel models. The annual panel data for 71 emerging and developing countries are extracted from reliable databases for the time period of 2005–2014. Generalized method of moments estimators are used to obtain efficient and consistent results so as to reach necessary conclusions. The majority of estimated coefficients are significant and unbiased statistically, and also consistent with the economic theories proposed. The main results indicate that the presence of a currency crisis in a particular economy has a negative impact on economic growth, while its effect on foreign investment inflows is most likely positive. Robustness tests demonstrate that used models in the study are both economically and econometrically robust and valid.
EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb2+ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN BENTONIT DAN ENCENG GONDOK
Authors: M. Faisal
Published: October 2019

Adsorption of Pb2+by  using a mix of bentonite and water hyacinth has been carried out in a  bacth system. The purpose of the research is to investigate  the abilty of  the mix bentonite and water hyacinth to adsorp Pb2+. Prior to adsorption process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacnth was activated physcally by H2SO4. The adsorption ability between activated-adsorbend and without activated-adsorbend was then compared. In the activaved process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacinth used was 4 gram in weight  and 120 ml of H2SO4 1,2 M. In this research, adsorption time of 30, 60, 120 menit, the speed of 50, 100, 150 rpm and the Pb2+concentration of  30, 35 and 40 mg/l were used. The result showed that the adsorption efficiency of activated-adsorbend is higher than that of without activaved. The maximum adsorption of 0,987 mg/g were obtained at Pb2+concentration of 40 mg/l with a contact time and speed of 120 min and 150 rpm, respetively.
Brownstock washing: A review of the literature
Authors: B. SANTOS RICARDO , W. HART PETER
Published: October 2019

Brownstock washing is a complex, dynamic process in which dirty wash water or weak black liquor (dissolved organic and inorganic material obtained from the pulp cooking process) is separated from pulp fibers. The use of material balance techniques is of great importance to identify potential problems and determine how well the system is operating. The kraft pulping industry was the first known to combine pulp washing with the recovery of materials used and produced in the wood cooking process. The motivation behind materials recovery is economic, and more recently, environmentally driven. The chemicals used in the kraft process are expensive as compared to those used in the sulfite process. For the kraft process to be economically viable, it is imperative that a very high percentage of the cooking chemicals be recovered. To reach such high efficiency, a variety of washing systems and monitoring parameters have been developed. Antifoam additives and processing aids have also played an important role in increasing washing effectiveness. Antifoam materials help attain washing effectiveness by preventing entrapped air from forming in the system, which allows for an easier, unimpeded flow of filtrate through the screens and washers.
Examination of the potential to reduce water application rates in pine wet decks
Authors: RAYBON HEATH , SCHIMLECK LAURENCE , LOVE-MYERS KIM , ANTONY FINTO , SANDERS JOE , DANIELS RICHARD , ANDREWS EDWARD , SCHILLING ERIK
Published: October 2019

Wet storage of logs under sprinklers is a common method for maintaining log quality and consistent fiber supply to wood production facilities. Because of increased concerns regarding water use, mills in the southeastern United States are interested in refining water application strategies. To do so, we need to examine how log moisture varies with time and in response to differing water application rates. We used time domain reflectometry (TDR) to examine variation in log moisture of southern pine logs in response to nominal water application (100 mm/day) and a 30% reduction in water use at two woodyards (Santee in South Carolina and Dry Creek in Alabama) over a 15-month period. Initially significant differences between treatments were observed, but differences only existed for a short period, indicating that a 30% reduction in the amount of water applied results in little change in log moisture or quality.
Identifying microbially influenced corrosion on surfaces contacted by mill waters
Authors: (SANDY) SHARP W.B.A. , A. KIEFER LYNDA
Published: October 2019

This introduction to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) describes how bacteria can cause MIC where inadequate disinfection of mill water or white water allows biofilms to grow on metal surfaces. Although planktonic bacteria (that float in solution) rarely cause corrosion, sessile bacteria (that adhere to surfaces) can produce corrosive chemicals or promote under-deposit corrosion. The diagnosis of MIC requires knowledge not only of corrosion processes, but also of microbiology, water treatment, and plant operations. Although the presence of bacteria does not prove that the corrosion was caused by MIC, factors such as the presence in the corroded area of bacteria that can cause MIC, of chemical indicators of MIC, of features of the corrosion damage that are characteristic of MIC, and recent operational changes that could have enhanced the activity of microorganisms can combine to provide compelling evidence. Because of the complexity of mill water environments, test data must be reviewed with care because of the possibility that other components of the water could have interfered with the
analytical results.
An automatic method for detecting missing dots in rotogravure printing
Authors: BERNIÉ JEAN-PHILIPPE , A. JOURNEAUX IAN
Published: October 2019

We introduce a new approach to detecting missing dots in rotogravure printing, based on binary morphology and convolution filtering, that addresses the drawbacks of automated techniques using a fast Fourier transform algorithm.
Our method was developed for the Heliotest, which is a widely used halftone print quality test for rotogravure printing. A strip of decreasing halftone intensity is printed and the missing dots are counted visually. The distance to the 20th missing dot provides the Heliotest print quality number.
To automate the determination of the Heliotest number, the strip is scanned with a standard flat-bed scanner. Using image analysis, an image binarization separates the printed dots from the unprinted area. Then, a black and white convolution is performed to locate the specific shape corresponding to the missing dots. Each possible missing
dot is analyzed by the algorithm to determine whether it is a missing dot or a dot that is misshapen, weak, or incomplete.
We found that this automatic procedure provides an excellent match to visual assessment. On 90 out of 100 test samples used for validation, our method gives the same result as the visual assessment. The other samples have one or two false positives in the missing dots. This was significantly better than the techniques that were in use
before. After validation, the technique was deployed at NewPage; it has been regularly used as a product quality test at the mill and at the NewPage Research Center since 2011.
Una nueva concepción del arte y del artista en el arte contemporáneo
Authors: Ortiz Lozano Patricia Aurora
Published: October 2019

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo el artista pop Andy Warhol introduce una nueva concepción del arte y del artista. El nuevo modelo del artista que encarnó Warhol es transversal: se mueve entre la cultura de masas y el arte culto y utiliza diferentes disciplinas más allá de la pintura, como el diseño y la publicidad. Este artículo también muestra las diferencias entre Warhol y Duchamp y señala que éste último hace su ruptura (del mismo modo que los vanguardistas como él), dentro del modelo del arte moderno, cuya tradición era siempre rupturista. En Warhol no existe el espíritu de confrontación, por el contrario, el norteamericano se habitúa a la sociedad del espectáculo. Warhol no rompe con la pintura, como Duchamp lo hizo (dentro del relato legitimador del arte moderno a que se refiere Danto), sino que, todo lo toma y todo lo integra. De ahí su transversalidad como artista.
Audit of Patient Outcomes after Lichtenstein Hernioplasty for the Repair of Adult Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Siddique Md Ibrahim , Mubin Samia , Majumder Krisna Rani , Siddiquee Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2019

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. While numerous surgical approaches exist to treat inguinal hernias, the Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair remains the gold standard. This retrospective study is carried out to evaluate the short and long term outcomes of Lichtenstein hernioplasty in the hand of a general surgeon. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all adult inguinal hernia repair by Lichtenstein method between January .2003 and December 2009 was carried out. The outcome measures were early post-operative complications, incidence of chronic groin pain and recurrence rate. Results: A total of 526 procedures were carried out in 445 adult male patients during the study period. The median age of the patients was 49 years (range, 21-73 years). All patients underwent Lichtenstein hernioplasty under spinal anesthesia. Length of hospital stay was median 2.4 days (range, 1-4 days). Median time to the resumption of normal activities was 8 days (range, 5-1 0 days). Urinary retention was the most frequent early post-operative complication (5.1 6%). Rate of wound infection was acceptable (0.44%). Chronic groin pain was experienced by three patients (0.67%). There was no recurrence observed among the 291 (65.4% of the total) patients who were available after two years of the procedure. Conclusion: The Lichtenstein open tension-free mesh repair of adult inguinal hernia is a safe procedure with least post-operative morbidity and least chance for recurrence. It is a simple technique, quick and. easy to perform without compromising the patient's care and long-term outcome in the hand of an experienced general surgeon.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 54-58
The Association of HER-2 Over-expression in Relation to Hormonal Receptor Status and Common Clinico-pathological Parameters in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Hossain ABM Bayezid , Akter Shaheen , Afroz Sadia
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the association of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor2 (HER-2) with hormonal receptor status and common clinico-pathological parameters of breast carcinoma. Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2009 to December 2009. Methodology: A total of 100 patients of female breast carcinoma with HER-2 status, hormonal receptor profile and clinico-pathological parameters were included in this study. Patient's age, menopausal status, tumour size, lymph node status, Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) status were evaluated and their association was determined with H.ER-2 over expression using the chi-square test for analysis. Results: Of these 100 cases, mean age of diagnosis was 48 years and mean tumour size 4.4 cm. Lymph node metastases were present in 50% cases. HER-2 over-expression was seen in 29% cases, while ER and PR expression was seen in 61 % and 43% respectively. ER and PR showed inverse association (p <0.05) with HER-2 while positive association was seen with tumour size and lymph node metastases (p <0.05). No association was seen with menopausal status. Further, among 61 ER positive cases, 4 cases also HER-2 over expressed. Conclusion: The study had indicated that Her-2 may be a powerful predictor of poor prognosis as its over-expression was strongly directly associated with tumor size and lymph node involvement and inversely associated with hormonal receptor status of breast carcinoma. ER positive cases can also be HER-2 over expressed (4%), so ER status cannot be used to select tumours for evaluation of HER-2 status. As treatment modalities of ER positive and HER-2 over expressed is different, so all the patients should be studied with both receptor and treat accordingly.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 59-67
Jenis bakteri dan jamur kontaminan udara di ruang perawatan sub Bagian Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banjarbaru
Authors: Yulia Budiarti Lia , Noormuthmainah Noormuthmainah , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: October 2019

Nosocomial infection is one of the major health problem in the world. One of the way for transmitting the causative microorganism of nosocomial infection is airborne. This research had been done to know kinds of air contaminating bacteria in sub departement of internal disease science of General Hospital Banjarbaru. This research was laboratory descriptive using “open plate“ method. The results of research described that there were five kinds of bacteria, they were Staphylococcus epidermidis 38,07%, Escherichia coli 27,52%, Streptococcus ? haemolyticus 19,26%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10,55% and Staphylococcus aureus 4,58% and five kinds of fungi: Rhizopus sp. (37,78%), Aspergillus niger (20%), Trichosporon sp. (17,78%), Penicilliumsp. (13,33%) and Aspergillus flavus (11,11%).
Uji efikasi insektisida berbahan aktif alphacypermethrin terhadap lalat rumah Musca domestica dengan pengasapan
Authors: Suwasono Hadi , Boesri Hasan , Priyanto Heru , Suwaryono Tri
Published: October 2019

Although being of less importance to the incidence of the vector-borne disease than mosquitoes, houseflies (Musca domestica) are mechanical transmitters of the disease. The chemical control carried out until now has brought about the emergence of resistance of houseflies against DDT and many other insecticides including organophosphates and carbamates. In order to look for an alternative insecticide which can control houseflies, a study was performed on the efficacy of insecticide belonging to the synthetic pyrethroid group containing 30 g/l of the active substance such as alphacypermethrin. Four dosages of insecticide with active ingredient of 30 g/l alphacypermethrin at dosages of 17.5 ml/ha, 35 ml/ha, 50 ml/ha and 70 ml/ha respectively wereused by fogging against houseflies kept in cages. The result showed that dosages of 35 ml/ha, 50 ml/ha and 70 ml/ha were all effective to kill M. domestica.
On Finding Two Posets that Cover Given Linear Orders
Authors: Ordanel Ivy , Fernandez Proceso , Adorna Henry
Published: October 2019

The Poset Cover Problem is an optimization problem where the goal is to determine a minimum set of posets that covers a given set of linear orders. This problem is relevant in the field of data mining, specifically in determining directed networks or models that explain the ordering of objects in a large sequential dataset. It is already known that the decision version of the problem is NP-Hard while its variation where the goal is to determine only a single poset that covers the input is in P. In this study, we investigate the variation, which we call the 2-Poset Cover Problem, where the goal is to determine two posets, if they exist, that cover the given linear orders. We derive properties on posets, which leads to an exact solution for the 2-Poset Cover Problem. Although the algorithm runs in exponential-time, it is still significantly faster than a brute-force solution. Moreover, we show that when the posets being considered are tree-posets, the running-time of the algorithm becomes polynomial, which proves that the more restricted variation, which we called the 2-Tree-Poset Cover Problem, is also in P.
Exposure to High-Frequency Sound and Ultrasound in Public Places: Examples from Zurich, Switzerland
Authors: Scholkmann Felix
Published: October 2019

The public is unknowingly exposed to very high-frequency sound (VHFS; 11.2–17.8 kHz) and ultrasound (US; >17.8 kHz) signals in air in public places, as evidenced by previously published reports. The present report provides evidence for the presence of VHFS/US signals in the air at public places in Zurich, Switzerland. The analysis of the signals measured revealed that they: (i) contain one, two or multiple frequencies; (ii) comprise frequencies ranged from 15.5 kHz to 36.0 kHz; (iii) were either quasi constant in their amplitude or exhibit a clear amplitude modulation; and (iv) were in their characteristics (frequencies, modulation, intensity) specific for each place. Based on the signal characteristic it is likely that the signals are generated by public-address voice-alarm (PAVA) systems. The work presented: (i) documents the presence of VHFS/US signals at public places in Zurich, possibly caused by PAVA systems; and should (ii) show that is easily possibly to measure the signals with an affordable measurement equipment as a “citizen scientist”, and stimulate others also to measure and analyse VHFS/US signals with this citizen scientist approach in other cities worldwide. Due to the possible negative health-related effects of a human exposure to VHFS/US signals, further research is needed to document VHFS/US signals at public places and to evaluate biological effects of this exposure with laboratory studies.
Control Surface Freeplay Effects Investigation on Airfoil’s Aero-Elastic Behavior in the Sub-Sonic Regime
Authors: Jafari Soheil , Feizarefi Morteza , Majidi Pishkenari Mohsen
Published: October 2019

One of the main limitations of linearity assumptions in airfoil’s aero-elastic problems is the inability to predict the system behavior after starting the instability. In reality, nonlinearities may prevent the amplitudes from going to infinity. This paper presents a methodological approach for predicting airfoil aero-elastic behavior to investigate the control surface freeplay effects on the state responses and the flutter speed. For this purpose, the airfoil structural model is firstly developed while using the Lagrange’s method. The aerodynamic model is then generated by utilizing the Theodorsen approach for lift and moment calculation and Jones approximation with P-method for unstable aerodynamic modelling. After that, the aero-elastic model is developed by combination of structural and aerodynamic models and a numerical integration method is used to extract the time responses in the state space. The flutter analysis has been completed by utilizing the P-method for the system without freeplay and by the time response approach for the system with freeplay. The results that were obtained from simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method to predict the aero-elastic behavior and stability condition of a two-dimensional airfoil as well as to estimate the flutter speed with reasonable accuracy and low computational effort. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of freeplay degree on time response results has been done and the results are discussed in detail. It is also showed that the control surface freeplay decreases the flutter speed. The results of the paper are also validated against publicly available data.
Effect of Pegbovigrastim on Hematological Profile of Simmental Dairy Cows during the Transition Period
Authors: Trimboli Francesca , Morittu Valeria Maria , Di Loria Antonio , Minuti Andrea , Spina Antonella Anna , Piccioli-Cappelli Fiorenzo , Trevisi Erminio , Britti Domenico , Lopreiato Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

Pegbovigrastim is a long-acting analog of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, that promotes and increases the count and functionality of polymorphonuclear cells in dairy cows. The present study aimed to explore, for the first time in Simmental cows, the clinical and hematological effect of pegbovigrastim during the transition period (TP). Cows were randomly assigned into two groups: treated group (PEG; n = 16) received pegbovigrastim at approximately 7 days before expected parturition and within 6 h after calving, and control group (CTR; n = 16) received saline solution. Blood samples were obtained at −7, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days relative to calving. PEG group showed white blood cells (WBC) count consistently higher compared with CTR group (p < 0.001) until to 3 weeks after calving. Neutrophils remained higher in PEG group (p < 0.001) up to three weeks after calving, compared with CTR group, with slight increment of band cells. Moreover, PEG group displayed a lower index of myeloperoxidase at 1, 3, and 7 days after calving (p < 0.01) compared with CTR. Basophils and lymphocytes showed a similar trend to those observed for neutrophils at 1 day after calving in PEG group. Finally, monocytes remained markedly elevated until 3 days after calving in PEG compared to CTR group (p < 0.001), whereas in PEG group, eosinophils population showed lower percentage values at 1 and 3 days after calving but higher values at 30 days compared with CTR group. PEG group was characterized by lower red blood cells (RBCs) count compared with CTR group (p < 0.05) and higher % of red cell volume distribution width (RDW) from week 2 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 30 days after calving. In addition, the mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in PEG group at calving, 1, 3, and 7 days after calving compared with CTR group (p < 0.05). For the first time, we described the effect of pegbovigrastim in a breed not specialized exclusively in milk production as Holstein, but with dual purpose (meat and milk), evaluating the complete hematological profile in cows during the transition period. These results provide evidence on the proliferative effect of pegbovigrastim on WBC in Simmental breed highlighting its possible side effect on RBCs.
The Effect of Tree Width on Thoracolumbar and Limb Kinematics, Saddle Pressure Distribution, and Thoracolumbar Dimensions in Sports Horses in Trot and Canter
Authors: MacKechnie-Guire Russell , MacKechnie-Guire Erik , Fairfax Vanessa , Fisher Diana , Fisher Mark , Pfau Thilo
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the effect of saddle tree width on thoracolumbar and limb kinematics, saddle pressure distribution, and thoracolumbar epaxial musculature dimensions. Correctly fitted saddles were fitted by a Society of Master Saddler Qualified Saddle Fitter in fourteen sports horses (mean ± SD age 12 ± 8.77 years, height 1.65 ± 0.94 m), and were altered to one width fitting wider and narrower. Horses were equipped with skin markers, inertial measurement units, and a pressure mat beneath the saddle. Differences in saddle pressure distribution, as well as limb and thoracolumbosacral kinematics between saddle widths were investigated using a general linear model with Bonferroni adjusted alpha (p ≤ 0.05). Compared with the correct saddle width, in trot, in the wide saddle, an 8.5% increase in peak pressures was found in the cranial region of the saddle (p = 0.003), a 14% reduction in thoracolumbar dimensions at T13 (p = 0.02), and a 6% decrease in the T13 range of motion in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.02). In the narrow saddle, a 14% increase in peak pressures was found in the caudal region of the saddle (p = 0.01), an 8% decrease in the range of motion of T13 in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.004), and a 6% decrease in the vertical direction (p = 0.004) of T13. Compared with the correct saddle width, in canter, in the wide saddle, axial rotation decreased by 1% at T5 (p = 0.03) with an 5% increase at T13 (p = 0.04) and a 5% increase at L3 (p = 0.03). Peak pressures increased by 4% (p = 0.002) in the cranial region of the wide saddle. Altering the saddle fit had an effect on thoracolumbar kinematics and saddle pressure distribution; hence, correct saddle fit is essential to provide unhindered locomotion.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticle Administration on Productive Performance, Blood Parameters, Antioxidative Status, and Silver Residues in Growing Rabbits under Hot Climate
Authors: Abdelsalam Magdy , Al-Homidan Ibrahim , Ebeid Tarek , Abou-Emera Osama , Mostafa Mohamed , Abd El-Razik Mohamed , Shehab-El-Deen Mohamed , Abdel Ghani Sherif , Fathi Moataz
Published: October 2019

The influence of subcutaneous injections of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on rabbit performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, antioxidant status, and the residues of silver in meat and blood in two breeds (New Zealand White (NZW) and Jabali) of rabbits growing under high ambient temperature was evaluated. A total of 90 six-week-old rabbits (45 NZW and 45 Jabali) were randomly distributed into three equal treatment groups (control, 0.5 mg, and 1.0 mg AgNPs/kg body weight). The treated rabbits were injected twice a week for four consecutive weeks. The results revealed that AgNPs administration had no significant effect on average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The NZW breed surpassed the Jabali breed in growth performance traits, carcass weight, dressing percentage, and cuts of mid parts and hind cuts. Administration of AgNPs had a significant effect on hematocrit (HCT) and platelet (PLT) values. Rabbits injected with AgNPs at a dose of 0.5 mg showed a lower plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides than that of control rabbits. The NZW breed had significantly low platelet, total cholesterol, and triglyceride values. Rabbits injected with 0.5 mg/kg BW had the lowest total antioxidant capacity and highest malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase. The Ag residues were higher in blood than those in meat in treated rabbits. The local breed (Jabali) had significantly lower residues than the imported one (NZW) either in meat or in blood. However, the amount of accumulated silver in blood plasma and meat increased with increasing dose.
Induction of Chemerin on Autophagy and Apoptosis in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hu Bianhong , Song Wenjuan , Tang Yujie , Shi Mingyan , Li Huixia , Yu Debing
Published: October 2019

Involution of the mammary gland is a complex process controlled by various endocrine hormones and cytokine. As a novel adipocytokine, Chemerin not only plays a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes such as immune response and lipid metabolism, but is also involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, including autophagy and apoptosis. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether autophagy and apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) was triggered by Chemerin. BMECs were cultured and treated with Chemerin in vitro. The expression of autophagosome-forming marker, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM 1, best known as p62), a substrate of autophagosome degradation were detected. The result showed that Chemerin significantly decreased the expression of p62 and markedly induced the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The ratio of Bcl2-associated X and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bax/Bcl-2) and the activity of caspase-3 were up-regulated after being treated by Chemerin, and the apoptotic rate was also significantly increased. These results suggested that Chemerin promoted the occurrence of autophagy and apoptosis in BMECs. Chloroquine (CQ), which is an inhibitor of autophagy. To explore effects of Chemerin on apoptosis, we prevented Chemerin-induced autophagy by pre-adding CQ in BMECs. Interestingly, this part of the experiment helped us find that all effects of Chemerin on apoptosis of BMECs could be enhanced with the inhibition of autophagy. Our study demonstrates that Chemerin-induced autophagy and apoptosis are mutually regulated in BMECs, but the specific mechanism remains to be further researched.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Immune Checkpoints for the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Gravbrot Nicholas , Gilbert-Gard Kacy , Mehta Paras , Ghotmi Yarah , Banerjee Madhulika , Mazis Christopher , Sundararajan Srinath
Published: October 2019

Recently, modulation of immune checkpoints has risen to prominence as a means to treat a number of solid malignancies, given the durable response seen in many patients and improved side effect profile compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Several classes of immune checkpoint modulators have been developed. Here, we review current monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoints that are employed in practice today. We discuss the history, mechanism, indications, and clinical data for each class of therapies. Furthermore, we review the challenges to durable tumor responses that are seen in some patients and discuss possible interventions to circumvent these barriers.
Neuroprotection after Hemorrhagic Stroke Depends on Cerebral Heme Oxygenase-1
Authors: Kaiser Sandra , Frase Sibylle , Selzner Lisa , Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Wollborn Jakob , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Foit Niels Alexander , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Schallner Nils
Published: October 2019

(1) Background: A detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic stroke is still missing. We hypothesized that expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in microglia functions as a protective signaling pathway. (2) Methods: Hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to heme-containing blood components and cell death was determined. We evaluated HO-1-induction and cytokine release by wildtype compared to tissue-specific HO-1-deficient (LyzM-Cre.Hmox1 fl/fl) primary microglia (PMG). In a study involving 46 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), relative HO-1 mRNA level in the cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with hematoma size and functional outcome. (3) Results: Neuronal cell death was induced by exposure to whole blood and hemoglobin. HO-1 was induced in microglia following blood exposure. Neuronal cells were protected from cell death by microglia cell medium conditioned with blood. This was associated with a HO-1-dependent increase in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) production. HO-1 mRNA level in the cerebrospinal fluid of SAH-patients correlated positively with hematoma size. High HO-1 mRNA level in relation to hematoma size were associated with improved functional outcome at hospital discharge. (4) Conclusions: Microglial HO-1 induction with endogenous CO production functions as a crucial signaling pathway in blood-induced inflammation, determining microglial MCP-1 production and the extent of neuronal cell death. These results give further insight into the pathophysiology of neuronal damage after SAH and the function of HO-1 in humans.
Reference Models for Digital Manufacturing Platforms
Authors: Fraile Francisco , Sanchis Raquel , Poler Raul , Ortiz Angel
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an integrated reference model for digital manufacturing platforms, based on cutting edge reference models for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. Digital manufacturing platforms use IIoT systems in combination with other added-value services to support manufacturing processes at different levels (e.g., design, engineering, operations planning, and execution). Digital manufacturing platforms form complex multi-sided ecosystems, involving different stakeholders ranging from supply chain collaborators to Information Technology (IT) providers. This research analyses prominent reference models for IIoT systems to align the definitions they contain and determine to what extent they are complementary and applicable to digital manufacturing platforms. Based on this analysis, the Industrial Internet Integrated Reference Model (I3RM) for digital manufacturing platforms is presented, together with general recommendations that can be applied to the architectural definition of any digital manufacturing platform.
Experimental Investigation on Relations Between Impact Resistance and Tensile Properties of Cement-Based Materials Reinforced by Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers
Authors: Zhang Ju , Bai Pucun , Yan Changwang , Liu Shuguang , Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2019

Cement-based material is brittle and is easily damaged by an impact load with a few blows. The purpose of this paper is to study the relations between the impact resistance and tensile properties of cement-based materials reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA-FRCM). A drop-weight test and uniaxial tension test were performed. The relations were studied based on the experimental results, including the relation between the blow number and the tensile stress at the first visible cracking (σc) and the relation between the blow number and the tensile strain at the ultimate failure (εf). Results showed that the blow number for the first visible crack for disc impact specimens increases obviously with the increase of σc of slab specimens. The crater diameter and blow number for ultimate failure of the disc specimens increase with the increase of εf of slab specimens. For the PVA-FRCM specimens with larger σc and εf, much more blows are needed to cause both the first visible crack and ultimate failure. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers can reinforce impact resistance and tensile properties of cement-based materials.
Assessment of the Possibility of Using Hemp Biomass (Cannabis Sativa L.) for Energy Purposes: A Case Study
Authors: Kraszkiewicz Artur , Kachel Magdalena , Parafiniuk Stanisław , Zając Grzegorz , Niedziółka Ignacy , Sprawka Maciej
Published: October 2019

During testing, the possibility of using hemp biomass for energy purposes was assessed. The criteria assessed were the physical and chemical properties of hemp biomass, as well as the combustion process of straw and briquettes made of it in a low-power boiler. The results were made and compared with currently applicable standards. Technical and chemical properties of hemp biomass are comparable with the best plants used for energy purposes. Studies have also shown the susceptibility of hemp biomass compaction. However, large emissions recorded during the combustion of the tested forms of biofuels from hemp straw in light of applicable standards disqualify this fuel for use in grate-type heating devices with air fed under the grate. It would be advisable to carry out research on the total costs of pellet production and their use in heating devices with a retort burner, while taking into account this biofuel’s ashes’ susceptibility of sintering.
Soft Cationic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Production and Cytotoxicity of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Authors: Silva Amélia , Martins-Gomes Carlos , Coutinho Tiago , Fangueiro Joana , Sanchez-Lopez Elena , Pashirova Tatiana , Andreani Tatiana , Souto Eliana
Published: October 2019

The surface properties of nanoparticles have decisive influence on their interaction with biological barriers (i.e., living cells), being the concentration and type of surfactant factors to have into account. As a result of different molecular structure, charge, and degree of lipophilicity, different surfactants may interact differently with the cell membrane exhibiting different degrees of cytotoxicity. In this work, the cytotoxicity of two cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), differing in the cationic lipids used as surfactants CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) or DDAB (dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide), referred as CTAB-SLNs and DDAB-SLNs, respectively, was assessed against five different human cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, MCF-7, SV-80, and Y-79). Results showed that the cationic lipids used in SLN production highly influenced the cytotoxic profile of the particles, with CTAB-SLNs being highly cytotoxic even at low concentrations (IC50 < 10 µg/mL, expressed as CTAB amount). DDAB-SLNs produced much lower cytotoxicity, even at longer exposure time (IC50 from 284.06 ± 17.01 µg/mL (SV-80) to 869.88 ± 62.45 µg/mL (MCF-7), at 48 h). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that compares the cytotoxic profile of CTAB-SLNs and DDAB-SLNs based on the concentration and time of exposure, using different cell lines. In conclusion, the choice of the right surfactant for biological applications influences the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Regardless the type of drug delivery system, not only the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles should be assessed, but also the blank (non-loaded) nanoparticles as their surface properties play a decisive role both in vitro and in vivo.
Food Neophobia or Distrust of Novelties? Exploring Consumers’ Attitudes toward GMOs, Insects and Cultured Meat
Authors: Faccio Elena , Guiotto Nai Fovino Lucrezia
Published: October 2019

The food industry is constantly challenged to find new ideas to satisfy the increasingly specific consumer demand. However, innovative food products do not always become part of consumption habits or create a market. One of the major sources of resistance to novelty lies in the attitude of the consumer, who in many cases may be suspicious or hostile as a result of specific ideologies, overly attached to tradition, or affected by neophobia. This paper analyzes the construct of food neophobia (the “unwillingness to try new foods”) in its phenomenology and its actual power to explain hostility to innovation in the agri-food sector. The limits of the concept, which is not always sufficient to shed light on the many reasons that could underlie the rejection of certain foods, will also be discussed. In addition, we review the recent literature on Europeans’ attitude toward novel foods and innovation including Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), cultivated meat and insects as food. This literature reveals a number of paradoxes in consumers’ behavior, and in the many complex conditions underpinning the success of innovation in food production. These conditions can only be understood by reconstructing the meanings consumers assign to food, and are often embedded in larger social and political frameworks.
Numerical Study on Scale Effect of Repetitive Plate-Loading Test
Authors: Son Min , Jung Hyuk , Yoon Hwan , Sung Deokyong , Kim Jin
Published: October 2019

Repetitive plate-loading test is intended to identify the elastic modulus of a target structure subjected to dynamic loading; such tests are mainly applied to railway roadbeds. The repetitive plate-loading test uses the same equipment as the plate-loading test but different loading methods. The plate-loading test derives the subgrade reaction modulus (k30), while the repetitive plate-loading test derives the strain modulus (Ev2). The former considers the scale effect of the loading-plate size, whereas the latter does not, thereby reducing the reliability of the results. Therefore, numerical analysis was conducted to propose a scale effect that can applied to field tests. First, to verify the 50-mm loading plate, a previous study comparing the results of the 300-mm loading plate in a field test was simulated by a numerical analysis, and the results were compared and analyzed. Next, the strain modulus was investigated according to the loading-plate size under subgrade conditions. An equation to estimate the scale effect applicable to loading plates with diameters of less than 762 mm was derived. The relationship between the calculated strain and elastic moduli was additionally analyzed.
Interaction-Based Behavioral Analysis of Twitter Social Network Accounts
Authors: İş Hafzullah , Tuncer Taner
Published: October 2019

This article considers methodological approaches to determine and prevent social media manipulation specific to Twitter. Behavioral analyses of Twitter users were performed by using their profile structures and interaction types, and Twitter users were classified according to their effect size values by determining their asset values. User profiles were classified into three different categories, namely popular-active, observer-passive, and spam-bot-malicious by using k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. For classification, the study used the basic characteristics of users, such as density, centralization, and diameter, as well as suggested time series such as the simple moving average and cumulative moving average. The highest accuracy was obtained by the K-NN algorithm. The results obtained with K-NN for all classes were higher than the F1-Score values obtained for the other algorithms. According to the results obtained, classification accuracy values were found to reach a maximum of 96.81% and a minimum of 92.33%. Our classification results showed that the proposed method was satisfactory for popular-active, observer-passive, and spam-bot-malicious account separation.
Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration, and Management
Authors: Anvari-Moghaddam Amjad , Mohammadi-ivatloo Behnam , Asadi Somayeh , Guldstrand Larsen Kim , Shahidehpour Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Energy systems worldwide are undergoing a major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources [...]
Design and Development of an Active Suspension System Using Pneumatic-Muscle Actuator and Intelligent Control
Authors: Li I-Hsum , Lee Lian-Wang
Published: October 2019

A pneumatic muscle is a cheap, clean, and high-power active actuator. However, it is difficult to control due to its inherent nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics. This paper presents a pneumatic muscle active suspension system (PM-ASS) for vehicles and uses an experimental study to analyze its stability and accuracy in terms of reducing vibration. In the PM-ASS, the pneumatic muscle actuator is designed in parallel with two MacPherson struts to provide a vertical force between the chassis and the wheel. This geometric arrangement allows the PM-ASS to produce the maximum force to counter road vibration and make the MacPherson struts generate significant improvement. In terms of the controller design, this paper uses an adaptive Fourier neural network sliding-mode controller with H ∞ tracking performance for the PM-ASS, which confronts nonlinearities and time-varying characteristics. A state-predictor is used to predict the output error and to provide the predictions for the controller. Experiments with a rough concave-convex road and a two-bump excitation road use a quarter-car test rig to verify the practical feasibility of the PM-ASS, and the results show that the PM-ASS gives an improvement the ride comfort.