bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Microarray Gene Expression Protocol and Results Using the Mouse T-cell Gene Expression Profile
Authors: Oyiborhoro Onoriode , Kelly Oriakhi , Uhunmwangho Esosa S. , A. Iteire Kingsley , F. Akpojotor Enoh
Published: November 2019

The microarray technology is a very powerful technology that combines molecular biology and computer technology to analyze the gene expression levels for most or all of the genes in a whole genome simultaneously, at very high resolutions. This technology has wide applications, including gene interaction studies for discovery of genes responsible for different diseases; classification of cancers and other diseases; prediction of clinical outcomes or prognosis for different diseases; response to therapy and development of new therapeutic agents, including gene therapy. It is therefore a very potent, unbiased and sensitive technology for the discovery of novel genes involved in the pathogenesis or control of diseases including cancers and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we seek to give a clear and detailed account of the microarray gene expression protocol using the mouse T-cell gene expression profile, including challenges involved and how to overcome them, as well as detailed analysis of results obtained.
Effect of Ethephon and Storage Temperature on Physico-chemical Changes during Ripening of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Neelum
Authors: Lavanya Er. K. , Rao D. Bhaskara , Edukondalu L. , Lakshmypathy R. , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: November 2019

Mango fruits Cv. Neelum treated with ethephon of different concentrations i.e. 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm for five minutes at different temperature conditions viz., 16, 20, 24 and 28ºC with 80% RH ripened in ripening chamber and untreated fruits kept at ambient temperature (30-34ºC). Then the mango fruits were analyzed for physico-chemical changes and sensory qualities. It was found that mango Cv. Neelum ethephon dip treatment placed in the ripening chamber triggered the ripening process and showed that the significant increasing trends in L*, a*, b* values of colour, TSS (°Brix), PLW (%), reducing sugars (%), pH and decreasing trends in firmness (N), acidity during ripening in all the treatment combinations during advancement of storage period in ripening chamber. It was observed that mango fruits Cv. Neelum ripened by ethephon dip treatment of 750 ppm for 5 minutes at 20ºC, 80% RH showed better results in respect of a high overall acceptability score of 8.50.
An RSA Algorithm for Securing Financial Data on the Cloud
Authors: Iwasokun Gabriel Babatunde , Akinyokun Oluwole Charles , Alawode Sunday Julius , Omomule Taiwo Gabriel
Published: November 2019

Cloud computing is a developing, very buoyant and nascent paradigm offering numerous solutions to the mirage of challenges and troubles confronting the IT world. It is an online computing solution for on-demand scaling, sharing and abstraction of unlimited resources. Since the significance of trust and confidence in cloud data or information transmission cannot be underestimated, it is obligatory that adequate mechanism be put in place to guarantee the safety of data provided on a Card-Not-Present (CNP) transaction mode. On this note, this paper presents an RSA algorithm with encryption and decryption-based solution to the problems of data confidentiality and integrity. While the encryption mechanism provides secured and safe representation of financial data (such as credit card details) on the cloud, a message digest mechanism is used to decrypt the encrypted files at the gateway as well as generate and send a digest message for the transaction instrument to the user for authentication. Decryption by unauthorized user is effectively checked because the security key is exclusive to data owner and financial data is not domiciled on the merchant network. Experimental study and online survey of the system reveal its very high ratings for guaranteeing data safety and confidentiality as well as the efficacy of the digital signature, the RSA modulus and security keys (public and private) for reliable and attack-proof transactions.
Estimation of Watershed Sustainability Index of University of Uyo Watershed Using UNESCO-IHP Help Tool
Authors: Ahuchaogu I. I. , Ewemoje T. A. , Isaiah P. S.
Published: November 2019

The study employed the UNESCO-IHP (International Hydrology Programme) HELP (Hydrology Environment Life and Policy) tool for watershed sustainability index (WSI) to evaluate the sustainability of the study area, University of Uyo main Campus watershed, comprising of three communities namely: Use Offot, Nsukara Offot and Ekpri Nsukara. The populace living here is perpetually confronted with the challenge of having adequate water to meet their needs despite abundant rainfall. This is due to lack of appropriate extraction mechanism and government will to means of making water available and accessible to the poeple. This study was to determine how sustainable the zone is regarding availability of water resource using WSI, which information is lacking. Field investigations and questionnaire tools were adopted to extract quantitative data for evaluating the adopted WSI template between years 2013 - 2018. Result obtained for Use Offot, shows the pressure state scored 0.75 each with hydrology quality scoring zero and Environment scoring 0.50. These, when averaged gave the HELP indicator score of 0.55. The State and Response parameters maximum and minimum values recorded were 0.75 (for Policy and Environment) and 1.0 for Hydrology quantity showing that these indicators are high within this region. The Community recorded a total average score of 0.59 of all the evaluated parameters, showing that the watershed was fairly sustainable. Nsukara Offot, recorded 0.60 on the final score, an indication that the watershed was sustainable since the value was above 0.50. However, Ekpri Nsukara recorded the highest sustainability value of 0.62 on the average after analysing all the indicators measured. This is because of the high values of the Hydrology (quantity and quality), Environment, and Life and Policy indicators when estimated. Summarily, the WSI of the studied area was of the order averagely: Use Offot = 0.59, Nsukara Offot = 0.60 and Ekpri Nsukara = 0.62 with an average total parameter score of 0.60 affirming that the watershed is sustainable.
Comparison of Crystallized Phenol Treatment and Simple Primary Closure Methods for Pilonidal Sinus Disease
Authors: Turkoglu Ahmet , Bozdag Zubeyir , Gumus Metehan , Oguz Abdullah , Gul Mesut , Yılmaz Ahmet , Arikanoglu Zulfu
Published: November 2019

The objective of the study was to compare the results of the patients treated with crystallized phenol treatment (CPT) or simple primary closure (SPC) for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD). For PSD treatment, both SPC and CPT have the advantages of rapid recovery, minimal pain, and short hospital stay. Even though these two techniques can be used interchangeably in uncomplicated cases, there is not enough evidence about which method is superior. A total of 102 patients who underwent CPT (n = 57) and SPC (n = 45) for uncomplicated PSD were included in the study. In all of the cases, data were recorded and compared between CPT and SPC groups, including age, gender, duration of the symptoms, hospital stay, complications, healing time, and recurrence. The mean age was 25.6 years and the male-to-female ratio was 93:9. The SPC and CPT groups were similar in terms of age, gender, duration of symptoms, complications, and healing time. The CPT group did not require hospitalization or anesthetic procedure in addition to local anesthesia, but the SPC group required a median of 1 day (range, 1–3 days) of hospitalization, and 3 patients (6.7%) needed spinal anesthesia. During a median of 27.5 months' follow-up, the recurrence rate in the CPT group (6 patients; 10.5%) was lower than in the SPC group (13 patients; 28.9%). Both hospital stay and recurrence rates were better in the CPT group. Healing time and complication rates were similar in both methods. Based on these results, we suggest that CPT should be preferred to SPC in uncomplicated cases.
The Feasibility of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kawamura Hideki , Shibasaki Susumu , Yoshida Tadashi , Shimokuni Tatsushi , Sakihama Hideyasu , Homma Shigenori , Takahashi Masahiro , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: November 2019

We compared laparoscopic gastrectomy for remnant gastric cancer (LRG) with open gastrectomy for remnant gastric cancer (ORG) to assess the safety and invasive nature of LRG. This study was a retrospective study. The study population consisted of 27 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for remnant gastric cancer. Of these, 15 underwent ORG between January 2003 and April 2007, and 12 underwent LRG between May 2007 and January 2013. The operation time was not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, blood loss was significantly less in the LRG group than in the ORG group. No intraoperative blood transfusion was required. There was no significant difference in morbidity rate between the LRG (1/12, 8.3%) and ORG (4/15, 26.7%) groups, and no patients died in either group. Body temperature on postoperative day (POD) 7 (P = 0.034); systolic blood pressure on PODs 6 (P = 0.042) and 7 (P = 0.035); and heart rate on POD 7 (P = 0.049) were significantly lower in the LRG group than in the ORG group. No significant differences were observed in white blood cell count, or C-reactive protein and serum albumin levels between the groups. Serum total protein levels were significantly higher on POD 1 (P = 0.020), and the number of lymphocytes was significantly higher on POD 7 in the LRG group than in the ORG group (P = 0.036). Pain scores on POD 7 were significantly lower in the LRG group than in the ORG group (P = 0.033). LRG is a technically feasible and safe procedure.
Viral and cellular interactions during adenovirus DNA replication
Authors: Charman Matthew , Herrmann Christin , Weitzman Matthew D.
Published: November 2019

Adenoviruses represent ubiquitous and clinically significant human pathogens, gene‐delivery vectors, and oncolytic agents. The study of adenovirus‐infected cells has long been used as an excellent model to investigate fundamental aspects of both DNA virus infection and cellular biology. While many key details supporting a well‐established model of adenovirus replication have been elucidated over a period spanning several decades, more recent findings suggest that we have only started to appreciate the complex interplay between viral genome replication and cellular processes. Here, we present a concise overview of adenovirus DNA replication, including the biochemical process of replication, the spatial organization of replication within the host cell nucleus, and insights into the complex plethora of virus–host interactions that influence viral genome replication. Finally, we identify emerging areas of research relating to the replication of adenovirus genomes.
Liquefied Sunshine: Transforming Renewables into Fertilizers and Energy Carriers with Electromaterials
Authors: MacFarlane Douglas R. , Choi Jaecheol , Suryanto Bryan H. R. , Jalili Rouhollah , Chatti Manjunath , Azofra Luis Miguel , Simonov Alexandr N.
Published: November 2019

It has become apparent that renewable energy sources are plentiful in many, often remote, parts of the world, such that storing and transporting that energy has become the key challenge. For long‐distance transportation by pipeline and bulk tanker, a liquid form of energy carrier is ideal, focusing attention on liquid hydrogen and ammonia. Development of high‐activity and selectivity electrocatalyst materials to produce these energy carriers by reductive electrochemistry has therefore become an important area of research. Here, recent developments and challenges in the field of electrocatalytic materials for these processes are discussed, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Some of the mis‐steps currently plaguing the nitrogen reduction to ammonia field are highlighted. The rapidly growing roles that in situ/operando and quantum chemical studies can play in new electromaterials discovery are also surveyed.
DNA Vaccine Mediated by Rambutan‐Like Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Hao , Yang Yannan , Tang Jie , Gu Zhengying , Wang Yue , Zhang Min , Yu Chengzhong
Published: November 2019

The development of safe and effective DNA vaccines is of great significance for treating various diseases. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely employed either for gene delivery or as adjuvants to amplify the immune responses, but rarely reported in DNA vaccines. In this study, the first report of MSNs‐based DNA vaccine by using rambutan‐like MSNs as both gene vector and adjuvant is presented. The high antigen expression and enhanced dendritic cell maturation generated by the MSNs‐based DNA vaccine lead to superior immune response. Boosted antigen‐specific IgG antibody, enhanced cytokine production of IFN‐γ, and amplified CD8+ T cells are observed for mice treated with MSNs‐based vaccines. This study showcases a powerful DNA vaccine platform with outstanding immune responses, which provides useful guidance for the design of effective nanomaterial‐based vaccines.
Suppressed Shuttle via Inhibiting the Formation of Long‐Chain Lithium Polysulfides and Functional Separator for Greatly Improved Lithium–Organosulfur Batteries Performance
Authors: Li Huan , Zhou Yitong , Zhao Ming , Jin Bo , Wen Zi , Xie Haiming , Dou Shixue , Jiang Qing
Published: November 2019

The development of lithium–sulfur batteries is limited by the poor conductivity of sulfur cathodes and soluble long‐chain lithium polysulfides (LPSs), which cause the low utilization of sulfur and the aversive shuttle effect, and further, give rise to self‐discharge, rapid reversible capacity fading, and low Coulombic efficiency. In this work, a novel configuration is built for high‐performance lithium–organosulfur batteries, in which the organosulfur hybrid material and lithium metal are used as the cathode and the anode, respectively, and are separated by a functional separator decorated with nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped reduced graphite oxide. The organosulfur in the cathode prevents the shuttle effect by inhibiting the formation of long‐chain LPSs. In addition, the functional separator effectively adsorbs LPSs escaping from the cathode by electrostatic interactions and further restrains the shuttle effect. These effects are confirmed by density‐functional theory calculations. As a result, this novel configuration provides a high initial discharge capacity of 1364 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a high discharge capacity of 750 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 700 cycles with a very low capacity decay rate of 0.037% per cycle.
Integrated thermodynamic and kinetic model of homogeneous catalytic N‐oxidation processes
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Mannan M. Sam , Wilhite Benjamin A.
Published: November 2019

The homogeneous phosphotungstic acid catalyzed N‐oxidation of alkylpyridines by hydrogen peroxide has important applications in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Current industry practice is to employ a semibatch reactor with gradual dosing of hydrogen peroxide into an alkylpyridine/catalyst solution under isothermal conditions. However, due to lack of understanding of reaction mechanism and thermodynamic behavior, this system is subject to significant risk of flammability, fires and explosions due to hydrogen peroxide decomposition. In this study, we conducted semibatch N‐oxidation process in an isothermal reaction calorimeter (RC1) over a wide range of temperature, catalyst amount and oxidizer dosing rates. Reactor pressure, reaction heat generation rate and in situ FTIR spectra of liquid phase species were recorded in real‐time during experiments, and final product was quantified using HPLC and GC–MS analytical tools. We developed an integrated thermodynamic and kinetics model of homogeneous N‐oxidation reaction based on experimental results and past literature findings. More specifically, Wilson excess Gibbs model was employed to estimate activity coefficients of highly nonideal liquid mixture. We found ideal gas law was satisfactory in calculating incondensable oxygen pressure. First principle reaction mechanism and kinetics parameters of (a) catalytic N‐oxidation reaction; (b) catalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction; (c) noncatalytic N‐oxidation reaction; (d) noncatalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction was derived based on experimental findings of this study and past literature. The proposed integrated thermodynamic model and kinetics model successfully predicted highly nonlinear reactor pressure, species concentration and reaction enthalpy generation rate profile of homogenous catalytic N‐oxidation and H2O2 decomposition reaction. The optimal reactions conditions with maximum N‐oxide product yield and minimum reactor pressure and catalyst usage was theoretically identified and further verified by experiments. The obtained model can be used for inherently safer reactor design and applied to other homogeneous tungstic acid catalytic hydrogen peroxide oxidation processes.
Iridium‐katalysierte Hydrochlorierung und Hydrobromierung von Alkinen durch Shuttlekatalyse
Authors: Yu Peng , Bismuto Alessandro , Morandi Bill
Published: November 2019

Hier beschreiben wir zwei verschiedene Methoden zur Synthese von Vinylhalogeniden über eine Shuttlekatalyse‐basierte Iridium‐katalysierte Transfer‐Hydrohalogenierung nichtaktivierter Alkine. Die Verwendung von 4‐Chlorbutan‐2‐on oder tert‐Butylhalogenid als Donoren von Halogenwasserstoffen hat es ermöglicht, diese Umwandlung in Abwesenheit korrosiver Reagenzien wie Halogenwasserstoff oder Säurechloriden durchzuführen. Daher verbessern diese Reaktionen die Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen sowie Sicherheitsaspekte verglichen zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung. Dies hat den Zugang zu Alkenylhalogenidverbindungen mit säureempfindlichen Gruppen wie tertiären Alkoholen, Silylethern und Acetalen ermöglicht. Der synthetische Wert dieser Methoden wurde durch eine Synthese im Gramm‐Maßstab, die mit einer geringen Katalysatorbeladung durchgeführt werden konnte, gezeigt.
Zusammenwirken von Rutheniumkatalysatoren und elektrokatalytisch generierten, hypervalenten Iodreagenzien für die C‐H‐Oxygenierung
Authors: Massignan Leonardo , Tan Xuefeng , Meyer Tjark H. , Kuniyil Rositha , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: November 2019

Die katalytische Generierung von hypervalenten Iod(III)‐Reagenzien mittels anodischer Oxidation wurde genutzt, um bisher unbekannte elektrokatalytische C‐H‐Oxygenierungen an schwach koordinierenden aromatischen Amiden und Ketonen durchzuführen. Dabei ermöglichte die Kombination aus katalytischen Mengen an Iodarenen und Rutheniumkatalysatoren den raschen Zugang zu vielseitigen C‐H‐Aktivierungen an unterschiedlichen Substraten bei hoher Verträglichkeit mit unterschiedlichen funktionellen Gruppen. Umfassende mechanistische Studien belegen die bedeutende Rolle der Iodarene als elektrochemisch relevante Spezies für die C‐H‐Oxygenierung mit Strom als nachhaltigem Oxidationsmittel und molekularem Wasserstoff als einzigem Nebenprodukt. Zudem konnten para‐selektive C‐H‐Oxygenierungen ohne dirigierende Gruppen durchgeführt werden.
Advance on processing of compostable and thermally stable biodegradable polyester blends
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Aversa C. , Pizzi E. , Puopolo M.
Published: November 2019

Flexible and semiflexible packagings can be manufactured by cast extrusion of plastic sheet and thermoforming of containers. Thermal stability is often required as packaging items after being thermoformed can come in contact with hot food/beverage, especially during hot filling operations. In this framework, the present study deals with the design and manufacturing by thermoforming of plastic containers that are, at the same time, compostable and suitable for high‐temperature applications (~100 °C). First, extrusion compounding of Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)‐based biodegradable polyester blends was performed. In particular, the effect on the material properties of different types of nucleating agents was investigated. Combinations of micro‐lamellar talc, poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA), ethylene bisstearamide (EBS), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were studied. The formulations involving EBS boast the highest crystallinity and the fastest onset of the crystalline phase on sheets produced by cast extrusion. Conversely, the formulations involving TiO2 feature the lowest degree of crystallinity and the slowest onset of the crystalline phase. Combinations of talc and PDLA exhibit an intermediate behavior. Second, thermoforming of the plastic foils was performed. A very different trend of the crystallization after thermoforming is shown. Indeed, crystallinity is the highest for the formulations involving talc and PDLA, the lowest for the ones containing EBS. In conclusion, the biodegradable polyester blends are found to be suitable for the manufacturing of compostable and thermostable packaging items by cast extrusion and thermoforming. Final crystallization of the material and the resulting thermal stability can be fine‐tuned by modulating type and amount of nucleating agents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48722.
In‐Situ Growth and Immobilization of CdS Nanoparticles onto Functionalized MoS2: Preparation, Characterization and Fabrication of Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Kagkoura Antonia , Hernandez‐Ferrer Javier , Benito Ana M. , Maser Wolfgang K. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: November 2019

A facile strategy for the controllable growth of CdS nanoparticles at the periphery of MoS2 en route the preparation of electron donor‐acceptor nanoensembles is developed. Precisely, the carboxylic group of α‐lipoic acid, as addend of the modified MoS2 obtained upon 1,2‐dithiolane functionalization, was employed as anchor site for the in situ preparation and immobilization of the CdS nanoparticles in an one‐pot two‐step process. The newly prepared MoS2/CdS hybrid material was characterized by complementary spectroscopic, thermal and microscopy imaging means. Absorption spectroscopy was employed to register the formation of MoS2/CdS, by observing a broad shoulder centered at 420 nm due to CdS nanoparticles, while the excitonic bands of MoS2 were also evident. Moreover, based on the efficient quenching of the characteristic fluorescence emission of CdS at 725 nm by the presence of MoS2, strong electronic interactions at the excited state between the two species within the ensemble were identified. Photoelectrochemical assays of MoS2/CdS thin‐film electrodes revealed a prompt, steady and reproducible anodic photoresponse during repeated on‐off cycles of illumination. A significant zero‐current photopotential of −540 mV and an anodic photocurrent of 1 μA were observed, underlining improved charge‐separation and electron transport from CdS to MoS2. The superior performance of the charge‐transfer processes in MoS2/CdS is of direct interest for the fabrication of photoelectrochemical and optoelectronic devices.
Proton‐Conductive 3D LnIII Metal–Organic Frameworks for Formic Acid Impedance Sensing
Authors: Liu Rui‐Lan , Qu Wan‐Ting , Dou Bao‐Heng , Li Zi‐Feng , Li Gang
Published: November 2019

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as new classes of proton‐conducting materials have been highlighted in recent years. Nevertheless, the exploration of proton‐conducting MOFs as formic acid sensors is extremely lacking. Herein, we prepared two highly stable 3D isostructural lanthanide(III) MOFs, {(M(μ3‐HPhIDC)(μ2‐C2O4)0.5(H2O))⋅2 H2O}n (M=Tb (ZZU‐1); Eu (ZZU‐2)) (H3PhIDC=2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid), in which the coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules and uncoordinated imidazole N atoms play decisive roles for the high‐performance proton conduction and recognition ability for formic acid. Both ZZU‐1 and ZZU‐2 show temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent proton‐conducting characteristics with high conductivities of 8.95×10−4 and 4.63×10−4 S cm‐1 at 98 % RH and 100 °C, respectively. Importantly, the impedance values of the two MOF‐based sensors decrease upon exposure to formic acid vapor generated from formic aqueous solutions at 25 °C with good reproducibility. By comparing the changes of impedance values, we can indirectly determine the concentration of HCOOH in aqueous solution. The results showed that the lowest detectable concentrations of formic acid aqueous solutions are 1.2×10−2 mol L−1 by ZZU‐1 and 2.0×10−2 mol L−1 by ZZU‐2. Furthermore, the two sensors can distinguish formic acid vapor from interfering vapors including MeOH, N‐hexane, benzene, toluene, EtOH, acetone, acetic acid and butane. Our research provides a new platform of proton‐conductive MOFs‐based sensors for detecting formic acid.
Vibration activates the actin/NF‐κB axis and upregulates IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Phusuntornsakul Pussadee , Jitpukdeebodintra Suwanna , Pavasant Prasit , Leethanakul Chidchanok
Published: November 2019

We previously reported that mechanical vibration‐induced proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8, expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Mechanical stimuli are able to activate cellular responses by inducing the activation of several signaling pathways including cytoskeletal changes and inflammation. The actin cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network and plays many important roles in intracellular events. Here, we aimed to investigate the involvement of a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and actin polymerization in vibration‐induced upregulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression in hPDL cells. hPDL cells were pretreated with the NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 or cytochalasin D, respectively, before exposure to vibration. IL‐6 and IL‐8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Subcellular localization of the NF‐κB p65 subunit was visualized by immunofluorescent staining. We found an increase in NF‐κB nuclear translocation in vibrated cells compared with control cells. Pretreatment with BAY 11‐7082 significantly inhibited vibration‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA and protein expression in hPDL cells. Moreover, pretreatment with cytochalasin D inhibited NF‐κB nuclear translocation and attenuated upregulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA and protein in vibrated cells. Therefore, modulation of actin cytoskeletal polymerization in response to vibration may activate the NF‐κB signaling pathway and subsequently upregulate IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression in hPDL cells.
LUCAT1 contributes to MYRF‐dependent smooth muscle cell apoptosis and may facilitate aneurysm formation via the sequestration of miR‐199a‐5p
Authors: Xia Qian , Zhang Liwei , Yan Hao , Yu Long , Shan Wei , Jiang Hong
Published: November 2019

The overwhelming number of interrogations reveals the implication of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diverse malignancies, little is unveiled about lncRNAs participation in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The study aimed to monitor the role and responsible mechanism of LUCAT1 in AAA. The cellular function of LUCAT1 on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation and apoptosis were examined through the conduction of CCK‐8, EdU, TUNEL, and caspase‐3 activity assays. LUCAT1 depletion was observed to boost SMCs proliferation or suppress SMCs apoptosis. The opposite results on SMCs proliferation and apoptosis were achieved in response to LUCAT1 promotion. The abundance of LUCAT1 in the cytoplasm was ascertained by subcellular fractionation and FISH analyses on the basis of LncLocator prediction. The binding of LUCAT1 to miR‐199a‐5p predicted by DIANA and starbase was certified by luciferase reporter assay and RIP analysis. Besides, multiple prediction tools unveiled the interaction between miR‐199a‐5p and myelin regulatory factor (MYRF). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction uncovered the suppressive effect of miR‐199a‐5p and the positive regulation of LUCAT1 on MYRF expression. Rescue experiments revealed that LUCAT1 depletion pose suppression on SMCs apoptosis and MYRF elevation abrogated this suppression induced by LUCAT1 inhibition. These findings unmasked that the pro‐apoptosis impact of LUCAT1 in SMCs via directly targeting miR‐199a‐5p to elevate MYRF expression, which may provide valuable information on AAA prevention.
Neurotoxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitors: Two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Cordes Lisa M. , Davarpanah Nicole N. , Reoma Lauren B. , Gasmi Billel , Quezado Martha , Khan Omar I. , Nath Avindra , Apolo Andrea B.
Published: November 2019

We report a case of nivolumab‐induced delayed‐onset aseptic meningitis and a case of limbic encephalitis and peripheral nerve palsy with toxicity relapse 6 months after initial presentation. The atypical presentations contribute to our knowledge of these rare events and reinforce the necessity for vigilant monitoring and a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Sandwiched NiO/β‐Mo2C/RGO as Improved Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Solvothermal‐Assisted Self‐Assembly and Catalytic Mechanism
Authors: Ni Jiaqi , Ruan Zhuhua , Zhu Shufang , Kan Xianwen , Lu Lilin , Liu Yi
Published: November 2019

Molybdenum carbide is a cost‐effective alternative to Pt‐group noble metal electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), developing a facile strategy to improve the HER activity of molybdenum carbide and understanding the mechanism is of great concern and challenging. Herein, a solvothermal‐assisted self‐assembly procedure of fabricating sandwiched NiO/β‐Mo2C/RGO nanocomposite catalyst was reported. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the catalytic activity and durability of β‐Mo2C can be significantly improved in the sandwiched NiO/β‐Mo2C/RGO. Comparative studies between various catalysts such as β‐Mo2C, NiO/β‐Mo2C, β‐Mo2C/RGO, and NiO/β‐Mo2C/RGO have been performed to explore the mechanism underpinning their different catalytic performance. Our results revealed that hybrid of β‐Mo2C and RGO resulted in significant improvement in electrical conductivity, NiO loading modified the electron density on the surface of β‐Mo2C (101) to the electron‐rich state to generate highly active catalytic site. The synergistic effect of RGO and NiO loading would be responsible for the improved electrocatalytic performance of the NiO/β‐Mo2C/RGO catalysts. The strategy developed in this work not only provides a new pathway for improving HER activity of molybdenum carbide but also deepens fundamental understandings on the structure‐reactivity of molybdenum carbide‐based nanocomposite catalysts with higher HER activity.
Combining Ionic Liquids and Sodium Salts into Metal‐Organic Framework for High‐Performance Ionic Conduction
Authors: Xu Qiuxia , Yang Fan , Zhang Xiangping , Li Jian‐Rong , Chen Jian‐Feng , Zhang Suojiang
Published: November 2019

Developing stable conductive materials with high conductivity for sodium ion (Na+) batteries attracts ever‐increasing attention. In this work, MOF‐based solid Na+‐conducting composites functionalized by ionic liquids (ILs) were explored through introducing five kinds of ILs and their corresponding sodium salts into the pores of MIL‐101‐SO3Na. The pore‐filling fraction of MIL‐101‐SO3Na was established and revealed as a key factor to enhance the ionic conductivity of the composites. Na‐salts could further improved the conductivity by increasing the number of conductive ions. Furthermore, all ILs and Na‐salts@MIL‐101‐SO3Na hybrid composites showed sharply enhanced ionic conductivity and displayed low activation energy. Particularly, as the pore‐filling faction elevating to 96.94 % with [Emim][BF4] and NaBF4 in the pores of MIL‐101‐SO3Na the ionic conductivity reached up to 1.32×10−2 S cm−1 and stabilized within 30 days at 150 °C. This study on Na+‐conduction in a MOF‐based system functionalized by ILs, providing guidance for exploring new solid ionic conducting materials.
Basic Strategies and Types of Applications in Organic Electrochemistry
Authors: Hilt Gerhard
Published: November 2019

The outlook of this paper is to give a short overview of the basic requirements to perform electro‐organic transformations. The aim is to explain the strategies and possible applications in organic electrochemistry as simply as possible and is directed to those scientists who are not necessarily trained electrochemists and those that intend to utilize this powerful and, nowadays, very popular tool in their research. Different types of electrolysis performed in a galvanostatic/potentiostatic/alternating current fashion will be presented and the strategies to perform divided/undivided/quasi‐divided electrolysis will be covered. The application of direct/indirect/cation‐pool electrolysis as well as several variants of paired electrolysis will be briefly explained utilizing selected examples.
Comparison of two augmented classical least squares algorithms and PLS for determining nifuroxazide and its genotoxic impurities using UV spectroscopy
Authors: Hegazy Maha A. , Abdelwahab Nada S. , Ali Nouruddin W. , Sharkawi Marco M. Z. , Abdelkawy Mohamed M. , El‐Saadi Mohammed T.
Published: November 2019

Concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS) and spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS) are reflecting the resolving power of spectrophotometric augmented mathematical techniques. The applied multivariate calibration methods were able to determine simultaneously the quinary mixture of nifuroxazide (NIF) and its four carcinogenic impurities, and a comparative study between the proposed models and the conventional partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was also done. Regression models were built covering the range of 10.00 to 50.00 μg mL−1 for NIF, 0.05 to 0.45 μg mL−1 (for each of impurities A and B), and 0.10 to 0.90 μg mL−1 (for impurities C and D). NIF and its four genotoxic impurities were successfully determined in the prepared mixtures and dosage forms. The efficiency of the applied algorithm for resolution and quantitation of the overlapped UV signals were compared, and the advantages over PLS mode were emphasized. The obtained results were statistically compared with each other along with those of the reported method.
Synthesis of C12‐Keto Saxitoxin Derivatives with Unusual Inhibitory Activity Against Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels
Authors: Adachi Kanna , Yamada Tomoshi , Ishizuka Hayate , Oki Mana , Tsunogae Shunsuke , Shimada Noriko , Chiba Osamu , Orihara Tatsuya , Hidaka Masafumi , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Odagi Minami , Konoki Keiichi , Yotsu‐Yamashita Mari , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: November 2019

A novel series of C12‐keto‐type saxitoxin (STX) derivatives bearing an unusual nonhydrated form of the ketone at C12 has been synthesized, and their NaV‐inhibitory activity has been evaluated in a cell‐based assay as well as whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording. Among these compounds, 11‐benzylidene STX (3 a) showed potent inhibitory activity against neuroblastoma Neuro 2A in both cell‐based and electrophysiological analyses, with EC50 and IC50 values of 8.5 and 30.7 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the compound showed potent inhibitory activity against tetrodotoxin‐resistant subtype of NaV1.5, with an IC50 value of 94.1 nm. Derivatives 3 a–d and 3 f showed low recovery rates from NaV1.2 subtype (ca 45–79 %) compared to natural dcSTX (2), strongly suggesting an irreversible mode of interaction. We propose an interaction model for the C12‐keto derivatives with NaV in which the enone moiety in the STX derivatives 3 works as Michael acceptor for the carboxylate of Asp1717.
Hetero Diels–Alder Reactions of Masked Dienes Containing Heavy Group 15 Elements
Authors: Kořenková Monika , Kremláček Vít , Hejda Martin , Turek Jan , Khudaverdyan Raffi , Erben Milan , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Dostál Libor
Published: November 2019

Treatment of N,C,N‐chelated organopnictogen(I) compounds ArE (1–3) (Ar=2,6‐(RN=CH)2C6H3, E/R=As/Dmp (1), Sb/tBu (2), and Bi/tBu (3), where Dmp=2,6‐Me2C6H3) with various electron‐deficient alkynes RC≡CR′ (R/R′=CO2Me (DMAD), R/R′=H/CO2Me, or R/R′=NC5F4) affords different types of heterocyclic compounds. In these reactions, 1–3 act as hidden dienes and participate in hetero‐Diels–Alder (DA) reactions, a feature that has been only rarely reported for heavier pnictogen compounds. In this way, reactions of 1 furnished the set of 1‐arsanaphthalenes 4–6. The most likely mechanism involves two steps, that is, an arsa‐DA reaction giving a 1‐arsa‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalene, followed by CH→NH proton migration. In contrast, this reaction sequence terminates at the first step in the case of the antimony analogue 2, thus giving the 1‐stiba‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalenes 7 and 8. Reactions of the bismuth congener 3 gave one of two products depending on the alkyne used. Reaction of 3 with DMAD gave 1‐bisma‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalene 9, whilst its reaction with two equivalents of HC≡C(CO2Me) gave bismacyclohexadiene (10). All compounds have been characterized by NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopies and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The experimental data were complemented by a computational study, including a description of the reaction profiles of the hetero‐DA reactions and an assessment of the aromaticities of the heterocyclic naphthalene derivatives.
Blockade of astrocytic activation delays the occurrence of severe hypoxia‐induced seizure and respiratory arrest in mice
Authors: Fukushi Isato , Takeda Kotaro , Uchiyama Makoto , Kurita Yuki , Pokorski Mieczyslaw , Yokota Shigefumi , Okazaki Shuntaro , Horiuchi Jouji , Mori Yasuo , Okada Yasumasa
Published: November 2019

Seizures are induced when subjects are exposed to severe hypoxia. It is followed by ventilatory fall‐off and eventual respiratory arrest, which may underlie the pathophysiology of death in patients with epilepsy and severe respiratory disorders. However, the mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced seizures have not been fully understood. Because astrocytes are involved in various neurological disorders, we aimed to investigate whether astrocytes are operational in seizure generation and respiratory arrest in a severe hypoxic condition. We examined the effects of astrocytic activation blockade on responses of EEG and ventilation to severe hypoxia. Adult mice were divided into two groups; in one group (n = 24) only vehicle was injected, and in the other group (n = 24) arundic acid, an inhibitory modulator of astrocytic activation, was administered before initiation of recording. After recording EEG and ventilation by whole body plethysmography in room air, the gas in the recording chamber was switched to 5% oxygen (nitrogen balanced) until a seizure and ventilatory depression occurred, followed by prompt switch back to room air. Severe hypoxia initially increased ventilation, followed by a seizure and ventilatory suppression in all mice examined. Fourteen mice without arundic acid showed respiratory arrest during loading of hypoxia. However, 22 mice pretreated with arundic acid did not suffer from respiratory arrest. Time from the onset of hypoxia to the occurrence of seizures was significantly longer in the group with arundic acid than that in the group without arundic acid. We suggest that blockade of astrocytic activation delays the occurrence of seizures and prevents respiratory arrest.
Meaning in life moderates hopelessness, suicide ideation, and borderline psychopathology in participants with eating disorders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Marco José H. , Cañabate Montserrat , Llorca Ginés , Pérez Sandra
Published: November 2019

Participants with eating disorders (EDs) experience identity problems, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Research has confirmed the link between the experience of low meaning in life (MIL) and psychopathology. However, there is a lack of research focusing on MIL in ED.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are as follows: (a) to analyze whether MIL at baseline moderates the association between ED psychopathology at baseline and borderline symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation at follow‐up and (b) to analyze whether MIL moderates the association between suicide ideation, hopelessness, and borderline symptoms at baseline and at the 7‐month follow‐up.

Method

The sample was composed of 300 participants with ED at baseline and 122 at the 7‐month follow‐up. The participants filled out the Purpose in Life, Eating Attitude Test, Borderline Symptoms List, Hopelessness Scale, and Suicide Ideation Scale.

Results

(a) MIL at baseline moderated the association between ED psychopathology at baseline and borderline symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation at the follow‐up; (b) MIL moderated the association between suicide ideation, hopelessness, and borderline symptoms at baseline and at the 7‐month follow‐up.

Conclusion

MIL could be a relevant variable in the ED psychopathology.
External corporate social responsibility and labor productivity: A S‐curve relationship and the moderating role of internal CSR and government subsidy
Authors: Deng Xinming , Long Xianyi , Schuler Douglas A. , Luo Huan , Zhao Xiaofei
Published: November 2019

Prior studies suggest that external corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices could lead to positive responses from employees, but little attention has been paid to its potential negative impacts on employees' responses. To have a comprehensive understanding of the relationship in question, we propose that there is a S‐curve relationship between external CSR and labor productivity. Found on samples of Chinese listed firms during the period from 2011 to 2017, we have drawn some conclusions as follows. First, there is a S‐curve relationship between external CSR practices and labor productivity, with labor productivity declining at low and high levels of external CSR but increasing at moderate level of external CSR. Second, internal CSR will moderate the relationship between external CSR and labor productivity that firms affiliated with high internal CSR are more likely to perform better in terms of labor productivity than firms with low internal CSR. However, the proposed negative moderating role of government subsidy on the relationship in question is not supported. It is the match between government subsidy and external CSR that may predict labor productivity.
Changes in Phase Behavior from the Substitution of Ethylene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide in the Head Group of Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Spiering Vivian J. , Ciapetti Aurora , Lima Michelle Tupinamba , Hayward Dominic W. , Noirez Laurence , Appavou Marie‐Sousai , Schomäcker Reinhard , Gradzielski Michael
Published: November 2019

Nonionic ethylene oxide (EO)‐based surfactants are widely employed in commercial applications and normally form gel‐like liquid crystalline phases at higher concentrations, rendering their handling under such conditions difficult. By incorporating CO2 units in their hydrophilic head groups, the consumption of the petrochemical EO was reduced, and the tendency to form liquid crystals was suppressed completely. This surprising behavior was characterized by rheology and studied with respect to its structural origin by means of small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). These experiments showed a strongly reduced repulsive interaction between the micellar aggregates, attributed to a reduced hydration and enhanced interpenetration of the head groups owing to the presence of the CO2 units. In addition, with increasing CO2 content the surfactants became more efficient and effective with respect to their surface activity. These findings are important because the renewable resource CO2 is used, and the CO2‐containing surfactants allow handling at very high concentrations, an aspect of enormous practical importance.
Si@SnS2–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dai Jinyan , Liao Jiang , He Minyi , Yang Mengmeng , Wu Kaipeng , Yao Weitang
Published: November 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Weitang Yao at the Southwest University of Science and Technology. The image shows that developing low‐cost and high‐energy‐density batteries is important for powering our city. The Si@SnS2‐rGO composites are good electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201902839.
MiSet RFC Standards: Defining a Universal Minimum Set of Standards Required for Reproducibility and Rigor in Research Flow Cytometry Experiments
Authors: Lucas Fabienne , Gil‐Pulido Jesus , LaMacchia John , Preffer Fred , Wallace Paul K. , Lopez Peter
Published: November 2019

Poor adherence to best practices, insufficient training, and pressure to produce data quickly may lead to publications of suboptimal biomedical research flow cytometry data, which contributes to the body of irreproducible research findings. In addition, documentation of compliance with best flow cytometry practices for submission, visualization, and publication of flow cytometry data is currently endorsed by very few scientific journals, which is particularly concerning as numerous peer‐reviewed flow cytometry publications emphasize instrumentation, experimental design, and data analysis as important sources of variability. Guidelines and resources for adequate reporting, annotation and deposition of flow cytometry experiments are provided by MIFlowCyt and the FlowRepository database, and comprehensive expert recommendations covering principles and techniques of field‐specific flow cytometry applications have been published. To facilitate the integration of quality‐defining parameters into manuscript and grant submission and publication requirements across biomedical fields that rely on the use of flow‐cytometry‐based techniques, a single comprehensive yet easily and universally applicable document is needed. To produce such a list of gold‐standard parameters that assess whether a research flow cytometry experiment has been planned, conducted, interpreted, and reported at the highest standard, a new initiative defining the minimum set of standards a robust and rigorous research flow experiment must fulfill (MiSet RFC Standards) was proposed at CYTO 2019. MiSet RFC Standards will integrate and simplify existing resources to provide a universal benchmark a flow cytometry experiment can easily be measured against. The goal of MiSET RFC Standards is its integration into peer‐review and publication procedures through partnership with stakeholders, journals and publishers in biomedical and translational research. This article introduces the aims and anticipated timeline and discusses strategies for interdisciplinary consensus and implementation. A single‐resource broadly applicable guideline will harmonize standards across different fields of biomedical research and lead to publication of more robust research findings. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry