bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Neuroscience of Time: Nows, Timelines, and Chronologies
Authors: van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: September 2022

You and I, feeling and thinking matter, age as time elapses and thus conceive time as an irreversible arrow. We also speak of time that passes and that lasts, of time that marks the beat, and reminisce the past and plan the future times. Humans equip themselves with a linear arrow of time (sometimes circular) on which they chronologically arrange events, facts of their personal life, or those of History; events, which they causally (re)arrange from the past to anticipate the future. The intelligible and consciously available temporal phenomenology we, humans, experience is a hallmark of exquisite evolutionary processes, seemingly remote from the time that physics describe. Yet the psychological reality that makes up our intangible awareness of what we call “time” is inseparable from the functioning of the most complex physical systems known in the universe: our brains. Can we infer from the dynamic properties of brain activity our experience of time? Is the timing of consciousness emerging from our brain also the consciousness of time we claim to have? Herein, I will discuss the viewpoint that (psychological) time results from a neural code and that time perception cannot be reduced to “serial nows” – if only from the external observer’s viewpoint. Operationalizing “time” in cognitive neuroscience is a necessary heuristics to posit clear computational goals, algorithmic rules and possible implementations of mental clocks in thinking matter.
Brain decoding of the Human Connectome Project Tasks in a Dense Individual fMRI Dataset.
Authors: Rastegarnia Shima , St-Laurent Marie , DuPre Elizabeth , Pinsard Basile , Bellec Pierre
Published: September 2022

Brain decoding aims to infer cognitive states from patterns of brain activity. Substantialinter-individual variations in functional brain organization challenge accurate decodingperformed at the group level. In this paper, we tested whether accurate brain decodingmodels can be trained entirely at the individual level. We trained several classifiers ona dense individual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset for which sixparticipants completed the entire Human Connectome Project (HCP) task battery >13times over ten separate fMRI sessions. We evaluated nine decoding methods, fromSupport Vector Machines (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to GraphConvolutional Neural Networks (GCN). All decoders were trained to classify singlefMRI volumes into 21 experimental conditions simultaneously, using ~7h of fMRI dataper participant. The best prediction accuracies were achieved with GCN and MLPmodels, whose performance (57-67% accuracy) approached state-of-the-art accuracy(76%) with models trained at the group level on >1k hours of data from the originalHCP sample. Our SVM model also performed very well (54-62% accuracy). Featureimportance maps derived from MLP —our best-performing model— revealedinformative features in regions relevant to particular cognitive domains, notably in themotor cortex. We also observed that inter-subject classification achieved substantiallylower accuracy than subject-specific models, indicating that our decoders learnedindividual-specific features. This work demonstrates that densely-sampledneuroimaging datasets can be used to train accurate brain decoding models at theindividual level. We expect this work to become a useful benchmark for techniques thatimprove model generalization across multiple subjects and acquisition conditions.
Are some morphological units more prone to spelling variation than others? A case study using spontaneous handwritten data
Authors: Berg Kristian , Hartmann Stefan , Claeser Daniel
Published: September 2022

The relation between morphology and spelling is an important source of evidence for theories of linguistic processing. In particular, spelling errors can help us assess the role of morphological structure in language users’ mental representations of words in authentic texts. Previous research suggests that some morphological units are more prone to spelling errors than others, partly depending on the degree to which they are perceived as separate units. In this paper, we want to test this hypothesis by exploring graphemic variation in a collection of 1,667 German school-exit exams. Specifically, we code the spelling errors for their morphological structure. We can show that inflectional suffixes show a much higher probability of final letter omissions compared to final stems or derivational suffixes. We also find tentative evidence that case markers are more often affected by omissions than number markers.
Open design and validation of a reproducible videogame controller for MRI and MEG
Authors: Harel Yann , Cyr André , Boyle Julie A. , Pinsard Basile , Bernard Jeremy , Fourcade Marie-France , Aggarwal Himanshu , Ponce Ana Fernanda , Thirion Bertrand , Jerbi Karim , Bellec Pierre
Published: September 2022

Playing video games in a neuroimaging environment is both scientifically promising and technically challenging. Primary among these challenges is the need to use scanner-compatible devices to register player inputs, which limits the type of games that can be comfortably played in a scanner and often reduces the ecological validity of video game tasks. In this paper, we introduce an MRI- and MEG-compatible video game controller that is made exclusively of 3D-printed and commercially available parts, and we release the design files and documentations in the goal of making its production accessible to any research team with minimal engineering resources. In line with the open science philosophy, we made this work accessible under an Open Source Hardware license that aims to promote accessibility and reproducibility. Additionally, we validated the responsiveness and scanner-compatibility of our controller by comparing it to a reference, non-MRI compatible controller, and by assessing the quality of the data recorded with and without the use of the said controller. The analysis of response latencies showed reliable button press accuracies. A higher latency was detected on button releases, both for long and short button presses although this effect was small enough as not to affect gameplay in most situations. Analysis of subject motion during fMRI recordings of various tasks showed that the use of our controller didn’t increase the amount of motion produced. We hope that this tool will stimulate further neuroimaging studies of video games tasks by improving both their accessibility and their validity.
Modeling human activity comprehension at human scale: Prediction, segmentation, and categorization
Authors: Bezdek Matthew , Nguyen Tan , Gershman Samuel J. , Bobick Aaron , Braver Todd Samuel , Zacks Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2022

Humans form sequences of event models—representations of the immediate situation—topredict how activity will unfold. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for how the cognitivesystem determines when to segment the stream of behavior and switch from one active eventmodel to another. Here we use a large-scale naturalistic dataset to compare two candidategating mechanisms for model updating: prediction uncertainty and prediction error. Weconstructed a computational model combining a recurrent neural network for short-termdynamics with Bayesian inference over event types for event-to-event transitions. Thisarchitecture learns event schemas representing knowledge about event types and uses them,along with observed perceptual information, to construct a series of event models. Thisarchitecture was trained on one pass through an 18-hour corpus of naturalistic human activity.Another 3.5 hours of activities were used to test each variant for agreement with humansegmentation and categorization. The architecture was able to learn to predict human activity,and it developed human-like segmentation and categorization. We then compared two variantsof this architecture designed to better emulate human event segmentation: one transitionedwhen the active event schema produced high uncertainty in its prediction; the other transitionedwhen the active event schema produced a large prediction error. The variant that transitionedfrom one active event schema to another based on prediction uncertainty provided the closestmatch to human segmentation and forming human-like event categories—despite being givenno feedback about segmentation or categorization. These results establish that event modeltransitioning based on prediction uncertainty can naturally reproduce two important features ofhuman event comprehension.
Adding Necessary Condition Analysis to the Data-Analytic Toolkit of Psychological Science
Authors: Neubauer Andreas B.
Published: September 2022

To understand how human experiences emerge, change and are interlinked requires understanding which conditions are necessary for thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Linear models which are currently the default for statistical analyses in psychological research do not allow to approach this question directly. Necessary conditional analysis as recently introduced by Dul (2016) can supplement linear models to better understand the necessary conditions for various human experiences. The aim of this work is to familiarize researchers in the area of psychological science with this data-analytic approach. To that end, I illustrate the concept of necessary conditions and separate it from sufficient conditions before I outline the central ideas behind necessary condition analysis. Using an empirical example in the theoretical framework of Self-Determination Theory, I then illustrate step by step, how a necessary conditions analysis can be conducted in R and how the results of this analysis can be interpreted. Limitations of this approach and future directions for the development of necessary condition analysis are discussed.
Why are depression symptoms scores greater in people experiencing romantic love?
Authors: Bode Adam , Kuula Liisa
Published: September 2022

This article presents a model to explain why individuals experiencing romantic love have greater depression symptoms scores. We start by defining romantic love and providing a narrative review of studies investigating depression symptoms in people experiencing romantic love. We then present data from Finnish adolescents which shows higher depression symptoms scores in groups experiencing romantic love. Some tests indicate a small effect of romantic love on depression symptoms scores. We outline biological mechanisms that may play a role in generating depression symptoms in people experiencing romantic love before proposing a hypothetical model to explain the association. This article concludes with a discussion that provides further information about the causes and functions of depression symptoms in adolescents experiencing romantic love.
Action chunking as conditional policy compression
Authors: Lai Lucy , Huang Ann Zixiang , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: September 2022

Many skills in our everyday lives are learned by sequencing actions towards a desired goal. The action sequence can become a ``chunk'' when individual actions are grouped together and executed as one unit, making them more efficient to store and execute. While chunking has been studied extensively across various domains, a puzzle remains as to why and under what conditions action chunking occurs. To tackle these questions, we develop a model of conditional policy compression—the reduction in cognitive cost by conditioning on an additional source of information—to explain the origin of chunking. We argue that chunking is a result of optimizing the trade-off between reward and conditional policy complexity. Chunking compresses policies when there is temporal structure in the environment that can be leveraged for action selection, reducing the amount of memory necessary to encode the policy. We experimentally confirm our model's predictions, showing that chunking reduces conditional policy complexity and reaction times. Chunking also increases with working memory load, consistent with the hypothesis that the degree of policy compression scales with the scarcity of cognitive resources. Finally, chunking also reduces overall working memory load, freeing cognitive resources for the benefit of other, not-chunked information.
Pupillometry sheds light on how caregivers scaffold infants’ learning
Authors: Kosie Jessica Elizabeth , Baldwin Dare
Published: September 2022

Infants’ learning hinges on early-emerging ability to interpret complex, dynamic human action: they not only recognize many actions, but predict, respond to, remember, and draw inferences from them. Such fluency depends on finding structure within unfolding activity, including identifying boundaries where units of action begin and end. Given that action unfolds rapidly and is just as quickly gone, how do infants identify such boundaries in the complex, fleeting stream of motion that they actually observe? Caregivers’ infant-directed action demonstrations might assist with this challenging learning task. In interactions with infants, caregivers modify their motion in a variety of ways that engage infants’ overall attention (i.e., “motionese;” Brand, Baldwin, & Ashburn, 2002). It seems plausible that these modifications promote infants’ detection of internal structure within dynamic activity. We harnessed pupillometry to investigate this possibility, comparing pupil size changes elicited when infants watched motionese versus adult-directed versions of a given activity stream. Infants’ pupil size (an indication of attention or cognitive engagement) increased in response to action boundaries, but only for motionese demonstrations. Thus, in addition to engaging overall attention, motionese facilitates infants’ detection of action’s internal structure. These findings showcase benefits of motionese for infants’ learning about action, and pupillometry for shining light on key developmental phenomena.
Multiproxy analysis of Upper Palaeolithic lustrous gravels
Authors: Geis Lila , d'Errico Francesco , Jordan Fiona , Brenet Michel , Queffelec Alain
Published: September 2022

Upper Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France attributed to the Upper Gravettian and the Solutrean yielded sub spherical gravels with a highly shiny appearance that have intrigued researchers since the 1930s. In this work, we analyze specimens from five sites, including the recently excavated Solutrean site of Landry, to establish whether their presence in archaeological layers and peculiar aspect are due to natural processes or human agency. We study the spatial distribution of gravels at Landry and submit archaeological gravels from the five sites, natural formations, Landry sediment sieving, and polishing experiments with a rotary tumbling machine to morphometric, colorimetric and textural analyses. Our results suggest that the lustrous gravels found at the five sites result from deliberate selection and their shiny appearance is the probable consequence of prolonged contact with a soft material such as animal skin. Ethnographic accounts indicate that these gravels may have been used for magico-religious ritual purposes (charms, sorcery, divination etc.), in games, as elements of musical instruments, and as items serving other social and personal purposes. We argue that these objects reflect a cultural innovation emerged during the Gravettian and continued into the Solutrean.
A register-based account of period trends in partnership prevalence, entries, and exits by educational level for men and women in Finland
Authors: Jalovaara Marika , Andersson Linus
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUNDThe decline in marriage and increase in cohabiting unions represent a major change in family and fertility dynamics. Yet, no comprehensive description has covered period trends in the prevalence of marital and non-marital partnerships, or partnership entry and exit rates, across educational levels.OBJECTIVEWe describe period trends in the proportion of partnered individuals and the flow of partnership formation and dissolution at ages 18–49 across educational levels for men and women in 1989–2019 in Finland.METHODSWe use total-population register data that include full histories of co-residential partnerships regardless of marital status. We calculate the age-specific yearly prevalence of marriages, cohabitations, and all unions; and rates of union formation (among non-partnered population) and rates of separation (among the partnered population).RESULTSThe prevalence of marriage declined across educational groups. Increases in the prevalence of cohabitation are slightly smaller than declines in marriage; as a result, the total prevalence of partnerships declined, especially among low-educated men and women. Union formation rates have declined recently, and separation rates have increased notably, but more so among the lower educated and in age groups below 35.CONCLUSIONSThe increase of non-marital cohabitation has not fully covered for the decline in marriage. Increases in partnership instability are notable. All partnership trends and the educational gradients are remarkably similar among men and women in Finland.CONTRIBUTIONWe provide the first comprehensive population-level estimates of trends and patterns of the partnership stock and flows of marital and non-marital partnerships by education for both men and women.
What makes a place urban?
Authors: Fox Sean , Wolf Levi John
Published: September 2022

We argue that “urbanity” is a function of population concentration. Empirically, this means urbanity can be measured along a spectrum, with increased population concentration in a place denoting increased urbanity. Phenomenologically, large concentrations of people in space—or mass corporeal co-presence—generates the essentially “urban” experience of living surrounded by the bodies and minds of strangers. We use a series of thought experiments to demonstrate the conceptual limitations of other historically common definitions of urbanity, such as the economic structure of a community, the presence of physical infrastructure, the political or administrative status of a geographic unit, or the degree of connectivity between people. These are not essential urban characteristics, but rather common epiphenomena associated with places that have large, spatially concentrated populations. A density-based definition does not require a settlement to be permanent, allowing for ephemeral urbanity (dense but temporary settlements). While density-based approaches to classifying human settlements based on gridded population data are conceptually robust, such as the methodology adopted by the United Nations in 2020 for cross-national comparison, we present an alternative measurement approach that is more closely aligned with our phenomenological understanding of urbanity.
Teori konflik
Authors: Mawaddah
Published: September 2022

Konflik sosial merupakan fenomena sosial yang menarik dikaji dan diteliti. Hal ini memunculkan berbagai teori konflik. Banyaknya teori konflikmembutuhkan pemetaan untuk memudahkan kita dalam mengenal danmemahami berbagai teori konflik yang ada. Secara sederhana bisadikelompokkan ke dalam 2 hal yaitu klasik dan modern. Tokoh-tokoh teorikonflik sosiologi klasik adalah sebagai berikut Polybus, Ibnu Khaldun, NicoloMachiavelli, Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes. Adapun tokoh sosiologi modernyang mengemukakan tentang teori konflik adalah Karl Marx, Lewis A. Coser,Ralf Dahrendorf. Teori konflik klasik cenderung memandang konflik ditinjaudari segi sifat alami manusia yang cederung saling memusuhi dan salingmenguasai terutama dalam hal kekuasaan. Adapun teori konflik modern lebihbersifat kompleks dan muncul sebagai kritikan atas teori fungsionalisme structural
Indikator Butir Soal Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas 5ABCDE MI NU TBS Kudus Topik Pecahan
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Indikator Butir Soal Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas 5ABCDE MI NU TBS Kudus Topik Pecahan
PELATIHAN MENULIS CERITA ANAK PADA SISWA SDN SADAGORI CIREBON UPAYA KEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Kurnia Maya Dewi , Permanaputri Dian , Rasyad Sobihah
Published: September 2022

Pembelajaran menulis cerita fiksi pada siswa SD Sadagori Cirebon kenyataanya masih menemukan banyak kendala. Kesulitan menemukan ide hingga mengembangkan ide-ide tersebut menjadi sebuah cerita adalah beberapa persoalan yang dihadapi siswa. Ditambah lagi karena kondisi pandemi yang terjadi saat ini membuat dilaksanakannya pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan waktu yang lebih sedikit. Praktis waktu luang siswa di rumah lebih besar. Berdasarkan kondisi itu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita siswa sekaligus mengembangkan kreativitas mereka di masa pandemi ini tim PKM menyelenggarakan pelatihan menulis cerita anak secara berkesinambungan. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan PKM ini adalah ceramah dan tanya jawab dengan empat tahap mulai dari analisis hingga evaluasi. Berdasarkan angket wawancara terbuka, seluruh peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan mengatakan senang mendapatkan pengalaman dan pengetahuan tentang penulisan cerita anak. Selain itu juga berdasarkan hasil observasi diketahui kemampuan siswa menulis cerita anak meningkat. Hasil tersebut menunjukan 100 % siswa mampu menentukan ide dan mengembangkannya menjadi sebuah cerita anak. Meski terdapat temuan bahwa siswa masih mengalami kendala dalam membangun konflik cerita.Â Kata Kunci: menulis cerita anak, pelatihan, kreativitasÂ Â ABSTRACTÂ Â In fact, learning to write stories to students of SDN Sadagori Cirebon still finds many obstacles. Difficulty finding ideas to develop these ideas into a story are some of the problems faced by students. In addition, due to the current pandemic condition, distance learning takes less time to carry out. Practically the free time of students at home is greater. Based on these conditions, to improve students' story writing skills as well as to develop their creativity during this pandemic, the PKM team held ongoing children's story writing training through Gmeet. The methods used in the implementation of this PKM are lectures and questions and answers with four stages from analysis to evaluation. Based on the results of an open interview questionnaire, all participants who took part in the activity said they were happy to gain experience and knowledge about writing children's stories. Besides that, based on the observation, it was known that the students' ability to write children's stories had increased. These results show that 100% of students are able to determine ideas and develop them into children's stories.Â Â Keywords: writing children's stories, training, creativity
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PADA PRODUKSI ABON LELE KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUB) BINA BAHARI KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Astuti Ramlah Puji , Mahadianto Moh Yudi , Faulia Hannah , Roâ€™atinah Roâ€™atinah
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan UMKM di Kota Cirebon tak luput dari berbagai permasalahan yang ada. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh UMKM adalah masih rendahnya kesadaran pelaku UMKM dalam membuat laporan keuangan. Selain itu rendahnya kesadaran dan pemahaman pelaku UMKM terhadap penggunaan teknologi dalam pemasaran secara digital juga menjadi masalah dalam perkembangan UMKM Kegiatan pendampingan kali ini akan memfokuskan pada pentingnya pemasaran serta membuat laporan keuangan secara diginal untuk UMKM serta peningkatan kemampuan pemasaran secara digital pada UMKM. Metode yang digunakan dalam pendampingan kali ini adalah metode pendampingan secara langsung yang melibatkan peran pelaku UMKM dalam fokus kajian. Tahap awal dilakukan sosialisas kepada pelaku UMKM. Selanjutnya diberikan pelatihan mengenai pemasaran dan pelaporan Keuangan secara digital. Terakhir pelaku UMKM diberikan pendampingan dalam membuat akun marketplace dan laporan keuangan digital. Hasil kegiatan pendampingan ini terlihat dengan adanya peran serta aktif dari pelaku UKM untuk mulai melakukan pemasaran secara digital serta membuat catatan aktivitas keuangan usahnya selama beberapa minggu terakhir saat masa evalusai dan monitoring. Kegiatan ini memberikan dampak yang positif sehingga dapat direkomebdasikan untuk kegiatan pendampingan selanjutnya dengan fokus yang lainya.
PENDAMPINGAN USAHA MIKRO KRIYA BORDIR DALAM UPAYA KETAHANAN BISNIS PADA MASA KRISIS COVID-19
Authors: Sari Puteri Andika , Anna Yane Devi , Sari Wiendy Puspita
Published: September 2022

Pandemik Covid-19 yang telah menjadi wabah dunia, yang semula merupakan isu kesehatan kemudian merembet pada masalah ekonomi seluruh negara, menjadi faktor eksternal yang tidak dapat dikendalikan oleh wirausaha. Usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah yang ada di Indonesia pun terkena dampak ini sampai terjadi penutupan usaha ataupun pengurangan tenaga kerjanya hingga penurunan omset yang sangat drastis. Hal ini terjadi karena kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia (pembatasan sosial berskala besar) diterapkan guna menurunkan penularan wabah ini. Penggunaan e-commerce menjadi vital bagi pelaku UMKM agar mereka dapat bertahan pasca pandemic Covid-19. Mitra pengabdian kami, yaitu pemilik produk Alea Mukena Abaya mengalami penurunan omset karena belum mengadapatasi perkembangan teknologi dalam bisnis (e-commerce) sehingga kesulitan untuk menjangkau konsumen dengan pembatasan ini. Selain itu pemilik bisnis belum mengelola catatan keuangannya dengan baik sehingga tidak mudah untuk mengetahui aliran dana dan keuntungannya. Tim pengabdi berupaya memberikan pendampingan dalam hal adaptasi mitra terhadap e-commerce dan juga melatih administrasi keuangan agar mitra dapat mengetahui dengan jelas keuntungan yang diperoleh atau dapat mengalokasikan dana yang dimiliki untuk kebutuhan yang paling prioritas dalam bisnisnya. Pendampingan dilakukan secara daring mulai dari survey awal (untuk mengetahui permasalahan mitra), pelaksanaan pelatihan hingga tahap evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil dari pendampingan ini mitra meempunyai akun media sosial bisnis, Tokopedia, dan blogspot yang terbukti mampu menjangkau pasar yang baru. Dan juga tim pengabdi juga merancang beberapa dukumen keuangan sehingga pengelolaan keuangan mitra menjadi lebih baik lagi.Â  Dengan tim pengabdi melakukan pendampingan ini membantu mitra memiliki ketahanan bisnis selama masa pandemic Covid-19.Â Â
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Kunci Keberhasilan dalam Pencapaian Kualitas Pendidikan
Authors: Mukhlasin Ahmad
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the principal's leadership as the key to success in achieving quality education. This research method is library research. The results of the study show that all efforts in improving the quality of education that are carried out cannot be separated from the role of the principal as a leader in the school. In addition, as a school principal, he must involve all education stakeholders in an effort to improve the quality of education. The principal is needed for at least four reasons, namely because many people need a leader figure, in some situations a leader needs to appear to represent his group, as a place to take risks in the event of pressure on his group, and as a place to put power. In conclusion, the right role of the principal can improve the quality of education. With good quality education, it will produce better quality human resources, and will be able to bring this nation to compete in a healthy manner in all fields in the international world.

Keywords: Principal, Leadership, Quality of Education
Manajemen Penilaian Kinerja Guru
Authors: Aswaruddin Aswaruddin
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to discuss the assessment of teacher performance. This research method is the literature review. The results showed that the Teacher Competency Standards were developed as a whole from 4 main competencies, namely pedagogic, personality, social, and professional competencies. The fourth competency is integrated into teacher performance. There are indicators of teaching skills by the teacher, namely, a) questioning skills; b) skills to provide reinforcement (reinforcement skills); c) the skill of making variations; d) explaining skills (explaining skills); e) skills to open and close lessons (set induction and closure skills); f) skills to guide small group discussions; g) classroom management skills; h) individual learning skills. In conclusion, teacher performance has certain specifications or criteria. Teacher performance can be seen and measured based on specifications or competency criteria that must be possessed by every teacher.

Keywords: Management, Performance Appraisal
Penerapan Gaya dan Pendekatan Kepemimpinan untuk Kepemimpinan yang Efektif
Authors: Pasaribu Mansyur Hidayat
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this studi aimed to look at leadership styles and approaches to achieve effective leadership. This research is qualitative with a case study method. The results showed that there were several approaches to leadership, namely, a) approaches to leadership traits; b) behavioral approach to leadership, contingency approach to leadership; c) behavioral approach. In conclusion, the success of leadership is essentially related to the level of concern of a leader involved in two orientations, namely, the results that have been achieved by the organization (organizational achievement) and fostering of the organization (organizational maintenance). Several important factors can affect leadership effectiveness, namely the right perception, maturity level, proper assessment of the task, background and experience, expectations and leadership style, and professional relationships. The effectiveness of leadership also depends on the pattern of relationships constructed by the leader.

Keywords: Leadership Style, Effective Leadership, Leadership Approach
Peranan Kepemimpinan Kepala Kamar Mesin dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi ABK
Authors: Adnan Adnan
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of KKM in motivating engine crew members on ships and to find solutions to streamline the role of KKM leadership on ships. This research method is a qualitative research method based on an understanding of the role of the Head of the Engine Room (KKM) to motivate employees or crew in MV. Greenville 168. This study uses primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents through interviews. The results of the study indicate that a harmonious relationship between leaders and subordinates in the work has been well established because the KKM is quite informative. However, harmonious relationships are still limited to work, while outside work they are not. The KKM's authority includes providing work instructions only based on habits that can lead to unclear duties and responsibilities. Therefore, it is necessary to build interpersonal relationships between KKM and machine crew members. The role as a monitor is further enhanced, especially the delivery of testimonials to companies so that the career path is more focused. In conclusion, the delegation of tasks should be documented not only based on habits that can cause estrangement with subordinates.

 Keywords: Head of Engine Room, Leadership, Motivation
Pengaruh Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Supervisi dan Profesionalisme Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru SD di Kecamatan Batang Kuis
Authors: Raisal Nur ‘Afiyah , Akrim Akrim , Irvan Irvan
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah, kompetensi supervisi dan profesionalisme guru terhadap kinerja guru SD di Kecamatan Batang Kuis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SD di Kecamatan Batang Kuis yang berjumlah 359 orang yang tersebar di 28 sekolah dasar, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 189 guru. Dalam memperoleh sampel yang cukup representatif, dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik proporsional random sampling karena setiap sekolah mempunyai jumlah guru yang berbeda. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket yang terlebih dahulu sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 5.1%. (2) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kompetensi supervisi terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 6.3%. (3) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara profesionalisme guru terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 3.5%. (4) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah, kompetensi supervisi, dan profesionalisme guru secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 12.1%.

Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Supervisi, Profesionalisme Guru, Kinerja Guru
Analisis Pengaruh Marketing Mix terhadap Keputusan Taruna/I Memilih Kampus Politeknik Pelayaran Banten
Authors: Rikardo Dapid , Adnan Adnan , Turiska Joni
Published: September 2022

This research has a purpose. the influence of the marketing mix on the cadets' decision to choose the Banten Shipping Polytechnic campus. The research was carried out at Poltekpel Banten, carried out from January 2020 to May 2020. The research method used in this study was quantitative. The data collection method for primary data was obtained from individual responses to questionnaires distributed directly. The research process was deductive. This study's population was Poltekpel Banten alumni, with a total sample of 199 cadets. The instrument used in measuring the simulation learning media is a questionnaire. The results showed that of the seven hypotheses tested in this study, seven positive and significant hypotheses were found to the Taruna/I decided to choose the Banten Shipping Polytechnic campus. In conclusion, there is a positive and significant influence for all Marketing Mix variables studied on the Taruna/I Decision to Choose the Banten Shipping Polytechnic Campus

Keywords: Institutional Management, Marketing Mix, Youth Decisions,
Pengaruh Pengawasan dan Komunikasi Interaktif Terhadap Upaya Meningkatkan Disiplin Taruna
Authors: Amirullah Amirullah , Saleh Sahar , Purnomo Sandy Wahyu , Sutryani Henni
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the influence of supervision, communication, and both on cadets' discipline at the Marine Science Training and Education Center (BP2IP) Tangerang. This study used a descriptive-analytical method, the population in this study were all cadet students at BP2IP Tangerang, Banten. This research data use three variables, namely: supervision (X1), communication (X2), and discipline development (Y). The results of this study indicate that the supervision variable carried out by the Tangerang Shipping Science Education and Training Center has an achievement level of 75.10%, the communication variable has an achievement level of 71.93%, and the discipline coaching variable has an achievement level of 75.56%. In conclusion, the supervision, communication, and discipline development for cadets at the Shipping Science Education and Training Center (BP2IP), Tangerang, has a significant effect. It has been carried out well by the Tangerang Shipping Science Training and Education Center..

Keywords: Discipline, Communication, Supervision, Youth.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Human Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis in Ghazni Province of Afghanistan
Authors: Abdali Sayed Sharif , Samadi Assadullah
Published: September 2022

Brucellosis and toxoplasmosis are considered neglected zoonotic diseases with a worldwide distribution, which are endemic in Afghanistan. A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 24, 2021, to Feb 20, 2022 to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with human brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in suspected patients admitted to the public and private laboratories of Ghazni province of Afghanistan. To detect Brucella IgM. a semi-quantitative agglutination test was used, while for the detection of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG, a chromatographic immunoassay was applied. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and toxoplasmosis were 32.1% (76/237) and 19.6% (18/92) in tested patients, respectively. Whereas, only in five cases dual infections were found. The majority of brucellosis positive cases were among the age group >45 years old (57.1%; p<0.05), in district residents (43.5%; p>0.05), and among those with abortion (30.6%; p<0.05) and history of positive brucellosis cases (50.0%; p<0.05) in their family members. High seropositive cases of toxoplasmosis were observed in males (50.0%; p>0.05), 21-45 years old people (20.8%; p>0.05), those who owned dogs and cats (p>0.05), among those with the history of abortion cases in their animals (41.7%; p<0.05), and positive toxoplasmosis cases in their family members (66.7.0%; p≤0.05). The odds of being seropositive for brucellosis was higher in those that had history of abortion (OR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.3-4.2) and brucellosis cases (OR: 7.1; 95%CI: 1.7-28.9) among their family members. Furthermore, the odds of being seropositive for toxoplasmosis was 13.2 times more (95%CI: 2.1, 82.2; p<0.05) in those which had history of abortion cases in their animals. The high seroprevalence could be attributed to the study population being drawn from suspected cases rather than the general population. To assess the cross-connection of infections in human and animal populations, it would be more beneficial to study a large number of human and animal samples concurrently.
Assessment of the Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite, An Artificial Exsheathment Medium, on the Viability of Nematode Larvae
Authors: Elowni Elsayed E. , Abdelnabi Ghada H. , Ahmad Mohamed F.
Published: September 2022

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used extensively as an artificial exsheathment medium of nematode larvae in various studies, such as comparing the efficacy of drugs, and assessment of resistance to anthelmintics or evaluation of plant extracts as anthelmintics due to its unique capacity for tissue dissolution. Studies with NaOCl by other authors indicate that the compound, although highly effective as an exsheathing agent, significantly lowers the infectivity of the exsheathed larvae produced, suggesting reduced viability. We used Strongyloides papillosus larvae, a nematode that naturally lacks a protective sheath and a potentially highly motile organism, as a model to exclude or confirm possible negative effects on the viability of the parasite. Motility was taken as a viability assay. Larvae were designated as actively motile, sluggish, or immotile. Results were presented as additional supplementary movie files. The viability of larvae is dependent on both the concentration and the time of exposure to the compound. There are certain concentration (C) and time (T) limits beyond which viability is impaired (0.3% ˃ C ˃ 0.2%; 10 min ˃ T ˃ 5 min). It is concluded that results from studies where NaOCl is used as an exsheathment medium should be interpreted with caution as the compound is capable of reducing the viability of larvae. It may even induce structural damage.
Hubungan Antara Tipe Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dengan Semangat Kerja Guru di UPT SMP Negeri 7 Kota Mojokerto Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Muhajir Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of PBM can be determined by the number of factors ranging from climate, infrastructure, human resources and so forth. But people tend to think that the effectiveness of PBM is more determined by the learning climate. Even for capitalists the quality of PBm is more determined by the availability of educational facilities. The objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the leadership model applied by the Head of SMP Negeri 7 Kota Mojokerto.2) To find out the teacher's work spirit in SMP Negeri 7 Kota Mojokerto.3) To find out how far the relationship between the Principal's leadership model and morale teacher at SMP Negeri 7 Kota Mojokerto. This study uses quantitative research with analysis of product moment from Pearson and simple linear regression. The population in this study were 55 people and all of them were used as research samples, so that they were called saturated samples. From the results of the analysis it was concluded that: 1) The leadership model applied by the Head of Mojokerto City Middle School 7 was very good with an average score of 95.09%. 2) The work spirit of teachers in SMP Negeri 7 Kota Mojokerto is very high with an average of 94.36%. 3) There is a strong relationship between the Principal Type of School Leadership and Teacher's Spirit of Work in the 7th grade of Mojokerto City 2011/20112 Academic Year with the regression equation Y = - 7,471 X + 0.428 K + ? and based on the test of the leadership of the headmaster teacher work is 62.8% while the remaining 37.2% is influenced by other factors
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menerapkan Prosedur Kombinasi Gerak Dasar Jalan, Lari, Lompat dan Lempar dengan Permainan Olahraga yang Dimodifikasi dan Olahraga Tradisional di Kelas V (lima) SDN 1 Sumengko Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Wulansari Santje
Published: September 2022

Sports and health physical education lessons are basically an integral part of the overall education system, aimed at developing aspects of health, physical fitness, critical thinking skills, emotional stability, social skills, reasoning and moral actions through physical and sporting activities. This study aims to: 1) Describe the activities of the teacher in improving the ability to apply a combination of basic road, running, jumping and throwing procedures with modified sports and traditional sports. 2) Describing the activities of students in learning activities increases the ability to apply the procedure of a combination of basic road, running, jumping and throwing with modified sports and traditional sports. 3) Describe learning with modified sports games and traditional sports in improving the ability to apply a combination of basic road, running, jumping and throwing procedures with modified sports and traditional sports. This research is a classroom action research conducted collaboratively. Designing problem situations, and ways to collaborate with children, is the main focus of meetings that occur between teachers and researchers. This research was conducted at Sumengko 1 Elementary School with the address Ds. Sumengko - Wringinanom- Gresik Postal Code: 61176 Tel. 031 8982812. The subjects of this study were Class V students (five) of 30 children. The study was conducted in odd semester 2018/2019 academic year, for 3 months (September, October, and November 2018). Procedures for cyclical action research are: 1) planning, 2) implementation, 3) observation, and 4) reflection, through a series of cycles. Data collection through observation (observing), artifacts and documents (testing) and nonstandard tests. Test instrument items with validity test, reliability test, calibration test (level of difficulty) and distinguishing test. the entire process of data analysis is interactive using the Miles and Huberman models with the final mix method analysis. The results of the study concluded: 1) The teacher's activity experienced an increase in Pre-Action getting 63.57 percent and increasing in Cycle I by 74.29 percent and increasing in Cycle II by 88.57 percent; 2) Activities of students experienced an increase in Pre-Action to obtain a result of 43.57 percent and increase in Cycle I by 65.71 percent and increase in Cycle II by 87.14 percent; 3) The average value of the test (Classical Absorption) has increased in Pre-Action to get 7 percent and increased in Cycle I by 7.51 percent and increased in Cycle II by 7.76 percent. Classical Learning Completion has increased in Pre-Action obtained 76.67 percent and increased in Cycle I by 83.33 percent and increased in Cycle II by 93.33 percent
Evaluation of Plasma Assisted Noninvasive Surgery (PANIS) as a New Approach for the Treating Bullae in Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy (PBK); A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Nejat Farhad , jadidi Khosrow , Eghtedari et. al. Shima
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) is one of the unintended side effects of intraocular surgeries and traumas. This study aims to evaluate plasma as a noninvasive procedure for PBK diseases through drainage of painful and annoying bullae. Methods: Three eyes of three patients with no vision potential were included in this study. Plasma spots are applied on bullae to empty the fluid inside, and also to attach the top of the bullae to the bottom. We evaluated Pain scores, tearing, and burning sensations (scale of 0 to 10) before treatment and one week, one month, and six months after treatment. Results: The results showed that all the annoying bullae entirely eliminated in all patients. No complications and recurrence were observed during the operation and one week, one month, and six months after the procedure. After treatment, there was no tearing and burning sensation. All of the patients scored ten for pain before treatment and zero after treatment. There were no changes in the vision of the patients after treatment. Conclusions: Based on the results, the PANIS method can be used as a safe method for eliminating bullae which are not a good candidate for vision amelioration treatment. This method is safe, quick, office base and inexpensive, which can decrease pain in these patients.
Sustainable Development Strategies for Ecotourism in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Xiao Qiyun
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of sustainable development of ecotourism in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the SWOT analysis and provides corresponding strategies for the future sustainable development model. The sustainable development of ecotourism in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has both natural and cultural strengths. The unique natural and cultural landscape provide the foundation for it, and international and domestic policies, financial support, and professional theories ensure its development. It is supported by a feasibility study and conforms to the times. To spur the sustainable development of ecotourism and establish the status of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ecotourism, we must 1) make rational use of ESG and green finance and adhere to the development route suitable for the local conditions; 2) pay attention to the feasibility of ecological service-based economy in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and rationally apply it to the development of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; 3) improve the service level of the tourism industry in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthen industry regulation and training, and improve tourists' experience in tourist destinations. To promote the development of ecotourism in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we must attach equal emphasis on the protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity and neglect neither economic development nor ecological protection in an attempt to create a better future for the Qinghai-Tibet region.
ÉTICA DOS PROTOCOLOS DE APARÊNCIA EM AUDIÊNCIAS JUDICIAIS
Authors: Ntsame Be Axcelle Pharozia , Oliveira Danielly da Silva , Oliveira Maria Clara Govêia de , Verbicaro Soares Douglas
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a ética dos protocolos de aparência em audiências judiciais e a necessidade de adaptação de tais regras ao contexto de pandemia do Covid19. Para tanto, utilizando-se do método dedutivo-reflexivo e pesquisa bibliográfica, apresenta-se o caso em que o advogado Rod Ponton não consegue desabilitar um filtro de gato em uma audiência do 394th Judicial District Court, no Texas, e busca-se explorar a problemática da vestimenta como fator determinante da celeridade das audiências. Ademais, são analisados os principais protocolos de aparência e vestimenta, o funcionamento das audiências no período de quarentena e, por fim, uma ponderação ética acerca do caso e do tema. Mediante a tudo, é possível concluir que a aparência não pode ser matéria de normas muito rígidas, visto que engessa o exercício da atividade jurídica que possui fatores muito mais importantes.