bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase and alkaline phosphatase in tubercular and non-tubercular effusions
Authors: Santanu Mondal  , Swati Bhattacharyya  , Subhra Mitra
Published: November 2023

Background: Many studies have showed that adenosine deaminase (ADA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were highly supportive in the diagnosis of tuberculosis but comparison between ADA and ALP has not been much documented in pleural fluid (PF) in eastern India. Hence, the main aim of the study was to identify the relation between ADA and ALP in diagnosis of tuberculosis if any.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate and compare the levels of ADA and ALP of PF in tubercular and non-tubercular diseases.
Materials and Methods: This study was hospital-based, cross-sectional, and observational study during the period of 1 year. A total of 90 patients have been analyzed among them after excluding few outliers, 82 patients had been taken whose ADA and ALP were measured in PFs.
Results: Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests for statistical analysis were used to determine whether continuous variables were normally distributed or not. In the comparison of tubercular and non-tubercular effusion groups, P-value for ADA in independent t-test was 0.000, and P-value for ADA and ALP in Mann–Whitney U-test was 0.000 and 0.000, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.965 and 0.751 in ADA and ALP for diagnosing tuberculosis. Cutoff values of 31.87 IU/L for ADA were determined by ROC curve analysis with 100% of sensitivity and 82.3% of specificity and cutoff values of 40.5 IU/L for ALP were also determined by ROC curve analysis with 75.6% of sensitivity and 68.3% of specificity for diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Although ADA is the best parameter for diagnosing tubercular pleural effusions, analysis of ALP is cost-effective.
Association of thyroid function and obesity with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Deepak Singh  , Anjuman Chaudhary  , Atul Kumar Singh  , Abhishek Singh
Published: November 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), defined by GOLD as a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects, is a very common clinical entity in clinical practice. COPD is associated with significant extra pulmonary (systemic) effects. Systemic inflammation may be mainly driven by risk factor – cigarette smoking and it persists after smoking cessation. COPD is associated with severe extrapulmonary (systemic) manifestations and comorbidities such as cardiac, osteoporosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Thyroid Dysfunctions, and obesity. Body mass index (BMI) has also been identified as an independent prognostic factor for COPD.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the proportion of hypothyroidism and obesity in COPD patients and their association with GOLD stage.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study assessing, COPD patients to determine proportions of thyroid disorder and obesity within a period of 1 year. Data were coded and recorded in MS Excel spreadsheet program. SPSS v23 (IBM Corp.) was used for data analysis.
Results: The following variables were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the variable “GOLD Stage: Weight (kg), BMI, and obesity. 30 (35.3%) COPD patient having abnormal thyroid profile and all 30 (35.3%) were diagnosed as hypothyroid.
Conclusion: From the study, it was found that BMI of patient decreases with increase in GOLD COPD staging. This indicates that obesity might have some protective effect in COPD but this need to be further evaluated.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review
Authors: Paul Sony  , Iyanar Kannan  , Pitchai Rathinam Thenmozhivalli
Published: November 2023

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness has been the subject of numerous investigations conducted globally. The public’s and health-care professionals’ acceptance of vaccines looks to be crucial to the pandemic’s effective management. This review’s objective was to present an up-to-date evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates across the globe. The current systematic evaluation of the literature seeks to identify the many global outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccine’s efficacy. The study was carried out following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis recommendations for systematic reviews. The MEDLINE and EMBASE database were used the retrieve the articles. A detailed descriptive analysis was done on the various outcomes of vaccine efficacy, viral load, transmission rate, hospitalization rate, death rate, and infectivity rate on age group. The present systematic review has identified that vaccines effectively reduced infection transmission. It not only provides fewer hospital stays but reduced the death rate. However, the Ct values were similar in unvaccinated and vaccinated. Breakthrough infections were most reported in the vaccinated group.
Association of serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibody levels with different indicators of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Manali Sinharay  , Chowdhury Pritam , Dasgupta Anindya , Karmakar Arindam
Published: November 2023

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an assemblage of biochemical derangements of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity allied with implacable low-grade inflammation.
Aims and Objectives: The current cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the levels of serum Immunoglobulin IgM, and IgG concentrations in subjects with and without MS.
Materials and Methods: The study population included 50 adults with MS as cases confirmed by estimation of serum triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Fasting Plasma Glucose, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Serum IgM and IgG levels were evaluated in cases and controls (from a healthy population), followed by statistical analysis, with the significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: The comparison of the serum IgM levels between the case and control groups revealed that the level was significantly higher in the former (P<0.001) compared to the latter, but no statistically significant difference existed in the IgG values. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation of IgM with TG (ρ=+0.870, P<0.001), waist circumference (ρ=+0.683, P=0.009) and negative correlation with HDL-C (ρ=−0.751, P<0.001). A significant positive correlation of IgG with waist circumference (ρ=+0.889, P<0.001) was derived. Regression analysis affirmed that statistically, TG (R2=0.768), waist circumference (R2=0.751), and HDL-C (R2=0.705) significantly explained the variance in IgM, whereas IgG was related to only waist circumference.
Conclusion: The present study provides a novel perspective that IgM may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS in a population from eastern India, and the outcome suggests the association between IgM and MS may be through lipid metabolism disorders and obesity.
To study dexmedetomidine’s effect on intraocular pressure after succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Surya Gowthami Katika  , Sri Harsha Merugu  , Jaya Chandra Tentu  , Rama Krishna Prasad Katuri
Published: November 2023

Background: One of the most important preconditions for any anesthetic operation is perioperative hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy and intubation, which has been the subject of extensive research and documentation. Numerous approaches have been proposed to protect the patient from the sympathetic reaction, intraocular pressure (IOP) response, and catecholamine response during laryngoscopy and intubation.
Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy of two doses of intravenous dexmedetomidine premedication given as a single bolus dose over 10 min, 0.4 μg/kg and 0.6 μg/kg, 10 min before induction in preventing the rise of intraocular pressure following succinylcholine administration and endotracheal intubation.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective randomized study was conducted. Ethical committee permission and signed informed consent were obtained from 60 eligible patients before the trial began.
Results: Premedication with either 0.4 mcg/kg I.V. or 0.6 mcg/kg I.V. of dexmedetomidine diluted in normal saline at a 2 mcg/mL concentration administered over 10 min before induction resulted in significant obtundation of the rise in IOP associated with succinylcholine administration and intubation. Sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation was also significantly diminished. The dose of 0.4 mcg/kg I.V. produced the best hemodynamic stability.
Conclusion: Therefore, from the above research it can be concluded that, before succinylcholine delivery and intubation, dexmedetomidine 0.4 mcg/kg I.V. can be used as a premedication in situations where an increase in IOP could be hazardous.
Reliability of the university of Texas classification in predicting the outcomes of diabetic foot in a tertiary Center in Kerala: A prospective observational study
Authors: Rejana Rachel Joy  , Ashok Ninan Oommen  , Anuraj Appukuttan  , John Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and frequently necessitates amputation, which lowers quality of life with the distressing prospect of re-amputation and increased mortality. The available classifications for a standardized approach to diabetic foot ulceration, though crucial in predicting clinical outcomes, have their limitations.
Aims and Objectives: This study examined the reliability of the University of Texas (UT) classification system in predicting outcomes of diabetic foot in a tertiary center in Kerala, South India.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 98 DFU patients at Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, from December 2019 to June 2022 were categorized according to UT classification, and the treatment with outcomes for 6 months was recorded.
Results: Among the total population, 24.4% of diabetic feet achieved healing without amputation. We observed an increasing incidence of impairment of healing (P=0.018) and in the number of amputations in Grades 1, 2, and 3 (P=0.000). At 6 months, 52% of diabetic feet, including those who underwent amputation, healed completely.
Conclusion: DFU in a lower grade but higher stage according to the UT classification showed impaired healing and higher amputation rates as this system includes infection and ischemia. This classification allows reliable categorization and enables re-allocation of grade and stage of diabetic foot during treatment and follow-up, thereby facilitating effective management and predicting outcome.
Clinical profile of transfusion-dependent thalassemia major children with reference to serum ferritin and liver function: A prospective observational study
Authors: Chiluka Sudhakar  , Blessy Prabhu Priyanka S  , Shanmuga Sundaram M  , Rajashekar K
Published: November 2023

Background: Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder characterized by severe anemia and the need for lifelong blood transfusions.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical profile of transfusion-dependent thalassemia major children with reference to serum ferritin levels and liver function.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study included 100 children aged 1–12 years with beta-thalassemia major, who were receiving blood transfusions. Clinical data, including growth parameters, serum ferritin levels, and liver function tests, were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.
Results: The study population predominantly consisted of children aged 1–5 years (54%) and males (51%). Hindu children accounted for 85% of the participants. Most children were diagnosed with thalassemia major before the age of 1 year (84%) and were diagnosed through Hb electrophoresis (77%). The majority of children received blood transfusions every 15–30 days (49%). Pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels ranged from <5 g/dL to 8.0 g/dL, while post-transfusion levels ranged from 7.1 g/dL to 10.1 g/dL. Liver function tests indicated the mean values for total serum bilirubin (0.81±0.2), direct bilirubin (0.34±0.10), indirect bilirubin (0.49±0.10), aspartate transaminase (47.22±11.06), alanine transaminase (45.45±8.97), alkaline phosphatase (97.74±4.39), total proteins (6.28±0.29), and serum albumin (3.72±0.2). No significant changes were observed in growth parameters over the 18-month study period.
Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical profile of children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major, emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis, regular transfusions, and monitoring of serum ferritin levels and liver function.
Quality of life of caregivers of children with psychiatric illnesses: a comparative study in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata
Authors: Mitra Sayeli , De Rajesh , Basu Mita , Inba Raja A  , Jadab Chandra Sardar
Published: November 2023

Background: Childhood psychiatric morbidity is a serious issue in middle- and low-income countries. With the increasing prevalence of mental disorders among children, the role of caregivers has become vital. As a result of caregiving, caregivers experience financial difficulties, a reduction in social contact, emotional distress, and poor mental and physical health, which may lead to a low quality of life (QOL) among them.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to explore the QOL of caregivers attending the psychiatry OPD of a tertiary healthcare facility for their child’s treatment and to compare it with that of caregivers of children without psychiatric problems.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational-analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Kolkata. The sample size was estimated to be 75 for each group. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 16. Mann Whitney U test was done to compare the scores between caregiver groups.
Results: The QOL scores of caregivers of children with psychiatric illnesses in different domains were physical health (11.69±1.74), psychological (9.78±2.72), social relationships (11.12±2.86), and environmental (11.66±2.13). The overall QOL of caregivers attending psychiatry outpatient departments was found to be significantly affected as compared to caregivers of children without psychiatric illnesses, except for the environment domain.
Conclusion: In this study, the most affected QOL domain in the case of caregivers of children attending psychiatry OPD was the psychological domain, followed by the social relationship domain. This finding highlighted the need for socio-psychological support and a better environment for improving QOL.
Obstetric and neonatal outcome of COVID-19 positive mothers: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Sujoy Biswas  , Mallika Sengupta  , Mandira Roy  , Rajesh De
Published: November 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease was declared a global pandemic by WHO in March 2020 and since then several reports on obstetric and neonatal outcomes due to COVID-19 infection in pregnancy are showing varying results from different corners of the world.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical course of the disease in pregnancy and evaluation of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The secondary objective was to compare the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19-positive mothers and COVID-19-negative mothers admitted in the same time frame.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study we included 155 COVID-positive and 310 COVID-negative pregnant women, from May 2020 to December 2020 admitted at our tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, India. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared in both groups.
Results: Most of the COVID-positive pregnant women were asymptomatic (38%), 45.8% of patients had mild symptoms like fever and cough and only 1.9% of mothers developed severe pneumonia. Pregnancy complications like abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, antepartum haemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus were similar in both groups (P>0.05) but significantly increased incidence of preterm labor and delivery of the low-birth-weight baby was found in the COVID-positive group (P<0.05). Number of neonates with low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was significantly higher in the COVID-positive group than in COVID negative group (28% vs. 16.7%, P<0.05). Need for neonatal intensive care unit admission was similar in both groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Significantly increased incidence of preterm labor and delivery of the low-birth-weight baby was found in the COVID positive mothers without any evidence of mother-to-child vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Maternal dietary habit influences fetal life
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Kumar Arun , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: November 2023

Diet and nutrition have a tremendous influence on health and disease. Dietary constituents can affect health and have been known to supplement with essential nutrients, minerals, and calories for physiological homeostasis. However, diet can also affect gene expression through epigenetic reprogramming or by altering the level of micronutrients. While a nutrigenomics study has delineated this causal link, a recent study published in EMBO Molecular Medicine by Grant et al. went a step further to establish that maternal intake of dietary fibers can alter the fetal gut microbiome, influencing the diversity of the intestinal bacterial flora, thereby affecting the gut-brain axis. Although the relationship between diet and fertility in males and females has been reported, the effect on postnatal life is not well documented. In this study by Grant et al. at the (Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg), the authors reported that selected feeding of fiber-free diets to pregnant mice alters the gut microbiome composition of their neonate pups depriving them of protective and beneficial commensal, Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-foraging bacterium. Further, these animals exhibited heightened immune activity by enriching defense response pathways and IL-22 expression. Therefore, the protective role of A. muciniphila is associated with its protection against chronic inflammation through TLR4 signaling. The author’s study has far-reaching conclusions on improving human health outcomes by the rational choice of food, drugs, and lifestyle to prevent gut dysbiosis and colonization of the right microbiome.
Tobacco consumption and its relation to time taken to death among COVID-19 patients died in an intensive care unit. A retrospective and descriptive study from Mizoram, India
Authors: Diki Lalnun , Vanlalsanga Joseph C , Fela Lalrin , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Ralte Jane R , Hnamte Rebecca Lalruatfeli , Laldinsangi C
Published: November 2023

Background: The relationship between tobacco consumption and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths among patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU) has not been studied in North-east parts of India.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the present study were to study the prevalence of smoke form and smokeless form of tobacco usage among the patients who had died of COVID-19 and to study the relationship of tobacco usage and number of duration of stay in ICU and number of days taken to death from the time of testing positive.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 279 COVID-19-positive patients who got admitted in ICU in Zoram Medical College. Mizoram from February 2020 to February 2022 and subsequently died because of COVID-19 in ICU. The data regarding age, sex, date of testing positive, date of admission in ICU, and date of death were collected from the patient case sheet. The details regarding tobacco consumption were collected from the patients close relatives. Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation along with range for quantitative variables, frequency, and proportion for categorical variables. Data were analyzed using IBM software version 22. P<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.8 years. Majority were males 178 (63.80%). 198 (70.97%) had comorbidities. One hundred and twenty-nine (46.24%) were tobacco users. Mean stay in ICU in days was 7.75 days. Majority were using smokeless form of tobacco 73 (56.59%). The mean duration of survival in days from time tested positive to the death was 39.52 days among tobacco users when compared with non-tobacco users (47.48 days) (P=0.265). Mean duration of survival was 53.07 days among smoke form versus 31.3 days among smokeless form users. (P=0.031).
Conclusion: There is no conclusive finding to say that there is a significant difference in time taken to death between tobacco users and non-tobacco users.
Kelayakan Nilai Ganti Kerugian Tanah Musnah Sebagai Penanganan Dampak Sosial Pada Pengadaan Tanah
Authors: Wibawa Satriya Parama Putra , Prasetyo Priyo Katon , Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Published: November 2023

Development can include land acquisition since it compensates entitled communities fairly. The Demak Regency Land Office and evaluation had trouble calculating compensation for coastal land parcels obliterated by tidal floods. This research will assess the field's physical state and the process for determining compensation for obliterated land to manage social repercussions with rules and economic calculations. This study employs quantitative descriptive research. According to research, an income capitalization technique based on market value is more practical than Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 52 of 2022 for assessing compensation for obliterated land. Different uses of devastated land in Bedono Village, Purwosari Village, and Sriwulan Village affect the revenue capitalization approach's kerohiman fund acquisition. According to Presidential Decree No. 52 of 2022, Bedono Village receives less compensation for obliterated land than Purwosari Village, however the income capitalization technique yields the reverse. For precise and reliable findings, the appraiser must choose a technique to calculating compensation for obliterated land.
Pengadaan tanah menjadi pilihan dalam pembangunan dengan memberikan ganti kerugian yang layak dan adil bagi masyarakat yang berhak. Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Demak dan appraisal mengalami kendala dalam menentukan besar nilai ganti kerugian terhadap bidang-bidang tanah di wilayah pesisir yang musnah karena tertutup banjir rob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan, kesesuaian kondisi fisik lapang  dan mekanisme perhitungan nilai ganti kerugian tanah musnah sebagai bentuk penanganan dampak sosial dengan peraturan yang berlaku dan perhitungan secara ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Temuan penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penentuan besaran nilai ganti kerugian tanah musnah dengan pendekatan kapitalisasi pendapatan berdasarkan nilai pasar lebih layak daripada Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) No. 52 Tahun 2022. Kondisi fisik tanah musnah di Desa Bedono, Desa Purwosari dan Desa Sriwulan terdapat perbedaan dalam pemanfaatannya, sehingga mempengaruhi perolehan besaran dana kerohiman berdasarkan pendekatan kapitalisasi pendapatan. Mekanisme perhitungan besaran nilai ganti kerugian tanah musnah di Desa Bedono lebih kecil dari Desa Purwosari jika mendasarkan pada Perpres No. 52 Tahun 2022, namun berdasarkan pendekatan kapitalisasi pendapatan memperoleh hasil sebaliknya. Oleh karena itu, appraisal harus bisa menentukan pilihan dalam menggunakan pendekatan penilaian ganti kerugian tanah musnah demi hasil yang tepat dan akurat.
O USO DO CENTRO ARTICULAR DO QUADRIL E DO CENTRO DE GRAVIDADE DA CABEÇA COMO REFERÊNCIA NA ESTIMATIVA DE PARÂMETROS CINEMÁTICOS DA PERFORMANCE EM CORRIDAS DE VELOCIDADE
Authors: Dal Pupo Juliano , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Rocha Júnior Ivon Chagas , Mota Carlos Bolli
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a velocidade e o deslocamento do centro de gravidade global (CGG) com as centro de gravidade da cabeça (CGC) e do centro articular do quadril (CAQ), durante um passo em corridas de velocidade. A partir disso, determinar se tais pontos podem ser utilizados como indicadores de parâmetros da performance nos estudos envolvendo a cinemática das corridas. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 8 sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 12,5 ± 0,66 anos e estatura média de 163,00 ± 5,40 cm. Realizou-se uma análise cinemática da corrida, utilizando-se o método de videografia tridimensional, com quatro câmeras de vídeo do sistema de análise do movimento Peak Motus, operando na freqüência de 180 Hz. As variáveis analisadas foram deslocamento, velocidade média e velocidade instantânea horizontal do CGG, CGC e CAQ referentes a um passo. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas na velocidade média e amplitude de deslocamento entre os três pontos analisados. Em relação à velocidade instantânea analisada em todo passo, não verificou-se diferenças significativas, porém, as variações na curva de velocidade do CAQ não ocorreram na mesma escala de tempo quando comparado com os demais pontos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se assim que, tanto o CGG, assim como o CGC e CAQ, podem ser utilizados para descrever parâmetros cinemáticos da corrida, quando o objetivo da análise referir-se a deslocamentos e velocidade média de um passo. Em relação à descrição da velocidade instantânea do atleta nas diferentes fases do passo, o uso do CGG e CGC parecem ser os mais adequados a serem utilizados.
AVALIAÇÃO DO EQUILÍBRIO ESTÁTICO DE IDOSAS PÓS-TREINAMENTO COM MÉTODO PILATES.
Authors: Siqueira Rodrigues Brena Guedes de , Cader Samária Ali , Oliveira Ediléa Monteiro de , Bento Torres Natáli Valim Oliver , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: November 2023

OBJETIVO: Conhecer os benefícios do método Pilates em relação ao equilíbrio estático de idosas saudáveis. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 52 idosas (66,±4 anos), voluntárias, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente definidos. Foram realizadas três etapas: avaliação, intervenção e reavaliação. As etapas de avaliação e reavaliação consistiram em avaliação geral e aplicação do protocolo de equilíbrio estático (protocolo de Tinetti). Após avaliação, foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em grupo Pilates (GP: n=27) e grupo controle (GC: n=25). O grupo Pilates realizou um programa de exercícios do método pelo período de oito semanas, com freqüência de duas vezes semanais e duração de 60 minutos em cada sessão. O grupo controle não sofreu nenhum tipo de intervenção. Após a intervenção, repetiram-se os protocolos de avaliação. Foi realizada a estatística descritiva e, para avaliação da normalidade, foi usado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Foi considerado o nível de significância de p=0,05. RESULTADOS: O teste Student-T dependente demonstrou diferença significativa (p
Healthcare disparities in pituitary surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Maroufi Seyed Farzad , Wierzbicka Adrianna , Maniakhina Lana , Adada Badih , Borghei-Razavi Hamid
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Pituitary surgery is a frequent neurosurgical procedure for the management of pituitary adenomas, but little research has been done on the impact of healthcare disparities on surgical results. Healthcare inequity/disparity in terms of race and socioeconomic status (SES), in addition to age and gender, was evaluated in this study to see if they affect the results of pituitary surgery.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was carried out utilizing the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases from conception to 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies.

RESULTS

Twenty-one studies yielded a total of 381,643 patients, and removal of the studies with temporal overlap resulted in 134,832 patients with a mean ± SD age of 51.52 ± 0.41 years. Based on the available data, 46.63% of patients were male. Black patients were more likely to be recommended against surgery, while Asian or Pacific Islander patients were more likely to be recommended for surgery. Postoperative course and outcome showed mixed results, with some studies reporting higher rates of transient diabetes insipidus and stroke in racial minority populations. Private hospitals admitted more White patients, and certain racial groups had reduced access to high-volume centers. SES disparities were assessed in terms of insurance and income. Patients with government insurance or without insurance were more likely to be recommended active surveillance instead of definitive treatment. Furthermore, high SES was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving surgical treatment, better treatment outcomes, and better access to high-volume centers. In terms of age and gender disparity, older patients and females were less likely to be recommended for surgical treatment. Age and gender did not consistently impact postoperative course and treatment outcomes, with varying results across studies. No significant age and gender disparities were observed in hospital admissions and charges.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed the presence of disparities in pituitary adenoma surgery based on race, SES, age, and gender. These disparities highlight the need for further research and interventions to ensure equitable access to appropriate surgical treatment and improved outcomes for all patients with pituitary adenomas.
The neurosurgeon workforce: a geographical gender-focused analysis of the trends in representation of neurosurgeons and choices in training over 70 years
Authors: Smith Alexander D. , Lauinger Alexa R. , Arnush Maxine , Shaffer Annabelle , Siddiqui Aliya , Nayak Ashutosh , Arnold Paul M. , Pappu Suguna , Yu Albert , Stroink Ann , Hassaneen Wael
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Neurosurgeons frequently move throughout their careers, with moves driven by personal and professional factors. In this study, the authors analyzed these migration trends through a dynamic migratory map and statistical review, with a particular focus on differences in education and practice patterns between male and female neurosurgeons.

METHODS

A list containing all board-certified and -affiliated US neurosurgeons practicing in 2019 was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The list was augmented to include demographic and location information for medical school, residency, fellowship(s), and current practice for all neurosurgeons with publicly available data. Migration heatmaps were generated, and migration patterns over 10-year intervals were plotted. A web tool was additionally created to allow for dynamic visualization of this database.

RESULTS

The database included 5307 neurosurgeons with a mean age of 57.2 ± 11.3 years. The female population made up 8.93% of all neurosurgeons, and were found to be more likely to complete fellowships than their male counterparts, at 54.2% and 39.1%, respectively (p < 0.0001). A total of 39.5% of all neurosurgeons completed at least one fellowship. A large proportion of currently practicing US neurosurgeons completed medical school internationally in the 1990s. Recently, there has been a trend in neurosurgeons choosing to practice in the South, emigrating from the Northeast and the Western US Census regions. By population, the Western US region trained the fewest neurosurgeons at 1 per 115,000 residents, and the Northeastern US region trained the most at 1 per 49,000. The web tool provides a simple interface to visualize the database on a world map.

CONCLUSIONS

Diversity, equity, and inclusion in neurosurgery have been a strong point of discussion in recent literature, with neurosurgeons comprising one of the most gender-disparate workforces in the US medical system. This study provides additional metrics to assess these disparities to help motivate further action toward a larger, more diverse neurosurgical community.
ORMAN DIŞINA ÇIKARILAN ALANLARIN TOPRAK ÖZELLİKLERİNDEKİ UZUN DÖNEMLİ DEĞİŞİMLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: ADANA, KARAİSALI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DİNDAROĞLU Turgay , BORAN Bilal , BABUR Emre
Published: November 2023

Ormansızlaşma ile küresel iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileri her geçen gün daha da artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Adana iline bağlı Karaisalı ilçesinin Başkıf, Bekirli, Çorlu, Etekli, Gildirli, Kaledağ, Kıralan, Kocaveliler, Maraşlı ve Nuhlu köylerinde 6831 sayılı Orman Kanunu’nda yer alan 2/B maddesi uyarınca 30 yıl önce (1992) orman rejiminden çıkarılarak tarımsal kullanıma dönüştürülen arazilerin bazı toprak özelliklerindeki değişimi belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Her köyde birbirlerine komşu orman (O), 2/B ve tarım (T) alanlarından iki derinlik (0-30 cm ve 30-60 cm) kademesinden toplam 360 adet strüktürü bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Bu toprak örnekleri üzerinde tane büyüklük dağılımı (tekstür), organik madde içeriği (OM), dispersiyon oranı (DO), hacim ağırlığı (HA), toprak reaksiyonu (pH), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), toplam azot (TN), tane yoğunluğu (TY), gözenek hacmi (GH), toplam kireç içeriği (CaCO3), tarla kapasitesi (TK) ve solma noktası (SN) analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanı topraklarının üst horizonundan elde edilen verilere göre orman topraklarında diğer arazi kullanımlarına göre; OM, TN, C/N, HA, TY, GH ve FSK değerlerinde anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Organik madde içeriği orman topraklarında %5,32, 2/B topraklarında %2,79, tarım topraklarında % 2,65 olarak; TA içeriği orman topraklarında % 0,14, 2/B ve tarım topraklarında % 0,10 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 30 yıl önce orman alanlarından 2/B kapsamında tarımsal kullanıma dönüştürülen toprakların hem orman toprağı hem de tarım toprağı özellikleri gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Doğru arazi yönetimi, sürdürülebilir ekosistemin en önemli uygulamalarından birisidir. Bunun için optimal arazi kullanımı arazi yetenek sınıflandırması yapılmalı, uygulanabilir yönetim ilkeleri ile planlanmalıdır. Özellikle toprak kalite ve sağlığının korunması orman varlığının korunması ile mümkün olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.
FARKLI ARAZİ KULLANIM DURUMLARINDA GEOTEKSTİL KULLANILARAK EROZYONLA KAYBOLAN TOPRAK MİKTARININ BELİRLENMESİ: KARAM DERE ALT HAVZASI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DURSUN İbrahim , BABALIK Ahmet Alper
Published: November 2023

Çalışmanın amacı, Karam dere alt havzasında yer alan farklı arazi kullanım durumlarındaki erozyon ile kaybolan toprak miktarının geotekstiller yardımıyla belirlenmesidir. Araştırma alanı Isparta ili Keçiborlu ilçesi sınırlarında yer almakta olup Isparta il merkezine yaklaşık olarak 60 km mesafede bulunmaktadır. Araştırma alanının belirlenmesi aşamasında Burdur Gölü Havzası ArcHydro yardımıyla alt havzalara ayrılmış ve anakaya, arazi kullanımı, eğim ve bakı faktörleri dikkate alınarak bu alt havzalardan birisi olan Karam Dere Alt Havzası seçilmiştir. Günümüzde erozyon ölçümlerinin hem maliyetli hem de zaman alıcı olması birçok erozyon ölçüm yönteminin gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Çalışmamızın temelini oluşturan erozyon ölçüm tekniklerinden biri, erozyon ölçümü için geotekstil denemelerinin kullanılmasını içermektedir. Bu araştırmada, Karam Dere Alt Havzasında farklı arazi kullanım durumları altında geotekstil deneme parselleri kurulmuş ve taşınan toprak miktarı 2019-2020 yılları olmak üzere 2 yıllık ölçümler yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Karam Dere Alt Havzasında arazi kullanım durumlarına göre tarım parselinde, ilk yıl 0.460 ton/ha/yıl, ikinci yıl 0.500 ton/ha/yıl, orman parselinde ilk yıl 0.110 ton/ha/yıl, ikinci yıl 0.102 ton/ha/yıl ve mera parselinde ilk yıl 0.345 ton/ha/yıl, ikinci yıl 0.416 ton/ha/yıl taşınan toprak miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Havza ölçeğinde ise taşınan toprak miktarı ilk yıl 8812.0 ton/yıl, ikinci yıl 8673.0 ton/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır.
ETNOBOTANİK KULLANIMI OLAN BAZI DOĞAL BİTKİLERİN PEYZAJ DEĞERLERİ: MAÇKA (TRABZON) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SARI Derya , ÖZTÜRK Zehra
Published: November 2023

Geçmişten günümüze değin bitki ve insan ilişkisi her kültürde ve coğrafyada var olmuş, özellikle gıda ve tedavi amacıyla bitkilerden faydalanma kültürü yüzyıllar içerisinde zengin bir etnobotanik mirasın oluşmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak kentleşme ile doğadan uzaklaşan günümüz insanı etnobotanik bilgi birikimini zamanla kaybetmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda etnobotanik çalışmalar her ne kadar yürütülse de etnobonatik kullanımları olan doğal bitki türlerinin peyzaj ve süs bitkisi olarak değerlendirilme olanakları üzerine çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada Maçka (Trabzon) örneğinde etnobotanik özellikleri ile yerel halk tarafından bilinen ve kullanılan bazı bitki türlerinin tespiti ve bu türlerin sahip oldukları peyzaj değerleri ile kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında alandaki 32 yerleşim yerinde etnobotanik amaçlı kullanılan bitki türleri anket çalışmaları ile tespit edilerek kayıt altına alınmıştır. Saha çalışmaları süresince bitki örnekleri alınarak teşhis ve herbaryum işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiş, gözlem ve fotoğraflama yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 48 kişi ile yüz yüze yapılan anket sonuçlarına göre 193 bitki taksonunun etnobotanik olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen taksonların çiçek, yaprak, doku, form, meyve, renklenme, sürgün-gövde ve koku estetiği gibi özellikleri dikkate alınarak peyzaj değerleri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonuçları etnobotanik özellikleri olan 193 doğal bitki taksonunun en az bir estetik peyzaj değeri ile kentsel ve/veya kırsal çeşitli alanlarda kullanım potansiyeli taşıdığını ortaya koymuştur. Peyzaj değeri olan doğal bitki türlerinin tespiti, tanımlanması, korunması, kültüre alınması ve kentsel bitkilendirme stratejilerinin bir parçası olarak değerlendirilmesi bu taksonların sürdürülebilirliğine katkı sağlayacağı gibi yerel etnobotanik kültürünün de korunması ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılmasına destek olacaktır.
ALUMİNYUM HİDRAT VE KALSİYUM KARBONATIN GRİ KARTON ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: VARLIBAŞ BAŞBOĞA Hülya , KARADEMİR Arif
Published: November 2023

Lignoselülozik malzemelerden üretilen kağıt grupları hammadde temini konusunda uzun süredir sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Dünya çapındaki üreticiler ve araştırmacılar hammadde temini sorunlarının çözümünü araştırmaya devam etmektedir. Araştırma sırasında bazı çözüm yolları bulmuşlardır. Bunlardan en sık kullanılan çözüm yolu ise hamura dolgu maddesi ilave edip hammadde miktarını azaltarak kağıdın kalitesinin artmasına katkı sağlamayı hedeflemişlerdir. Yapılan çalışmalarda dolgu maddelerinin belirli bir orana kadar kullanımının nihai ürünün kalitesini iyileştirdiği, kullanım oranının artmasıyla kağıdın fiziksel ve mukavemet özelliklerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kağıt sektöründe en fazla dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılan Kalsiyum Karbonat’a alternatif bir dolgu maddesi olarak Alüminyum Hidrat’ın gri karton üretiminde değerlendirilmesinin üretilen kağıtların mukavemet (kopma ve patlama direnci) ve optik (beyazlık, parlaklık, sarılık ve CIE L a b değerleri) özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında gri karton hamur süspansiyonu içerisine Kalsiyum Karbonat ve Alüminyum Hidrat beş farklı (%0, %5, %10, %20 ve %30) oranda dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Farklı dolgu maddesi katılımıyla, standart British Sheet Former cihazında 75 gr/m2 gramajda el kâğıtları üretilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde, Kalsiyum karbonat ve Alüminyum Hidrat dolgu maddeleri kullanımı sonucu kâğıtların optik özellikleri iyileşirken, kopma ve patlama dirençlerinde düşme kaydedilmiştir. Dolgu maddelerinin aynı oranda kullanılmasıyla kâğıtların özellikle beyazlık ve parlaklık değerlerinde, Alüminyum Hidrat yaklaşık 2 ile 3 kat arasında Kalsiyum Karbonattan daha çok yükselme sağlamıştır. Sarılık değerlerinin düşürülmesinde de aynı ilişki belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının kağıt üreticilerine faydalı bir öneri olacağına inanılmaktadır.
BİYOFİLİK TASARIMIN AKADEMİK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: ÖZĞAN Ali Osman , ALUÇLU İclal
Published: November 2023

Biyofilik tasarım, insanların sağlıklı ve huzurlu yaşamı için doğal çevreyi, bitki ve yeşil alanların kullanımını, organik formların ve doğal malzemelerin tercihini önermektedir. Biyofilik tasarım hakkında yapılan akademik çalışmalara ülkelerin katkısı ve ülkeler arası işbirliği nedir soruları ile bu konu hakkında ülkelerin araştırma ve işbirliği potansiyelleri belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarımla ilgili yapılan akademik yayınların yıllara göre dağılımı, makale ortalama yaşı ve yıllık büyüme oranı nedir sorusu ile konunun güncelliği araştırılacaktır. Bu sorulara cevap bulmak için biyofilik tasarım konusunda yapılan makaleler bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Bibliyometrik analiz için akademik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan Web of Science veri tabanı seçilmiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi ile biyofilik tasarımı içeren akademik araştırmaların coğrafi dağılımı, bu alanda öne çıkan ülkeleri, dünya genelindeki ilgi düzeyini ve yayılma eğilimi analiz edilmektedir. Biyofilik tasarım konusunda Web of Science’de taranan 2006-2023 yılları arasında 184 dergide yayınlanan 346 makale değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda biyofilik tasarımla ilgili akademik yayın sayısında yıllık büyüme oranının % 24.41olduğu görülmektedir. Biyofilik tasarım konusunda makale ortalama yaşı 3.57 olarak bulunmuştur. Biyofilik tasarım konusu, akademik çevrelerde ve araştırmacılar arasında yıllara göre artan bir ilgi göstermektedir; bu durum, konunun günümüzdeki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım konusunda yayınlanan akademik çalışma sayısına göre büyükten küçüğe Amerika, Avustralya, İngiltere, Kanada, Çin, İtalya, Kore, Portekiz, Mısır, Polonya, Türkiye, İsveç, İspanya, Belçika, Almanya, İran, Japonya, Litvanya, Hindistan ve diğer ülkeler şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım konusunda 42 ülke içerisinde yayınlanan araştırmalar değerlendirildiğinde Türkiye 8 makale ile 11. sırada yer almaktadır. Ayrıca, araştırmacılar arası işbirliği ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların oluşturduğu işbirliği ağı üretilmektedir.
Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping
Authors: Crandall Raelene , Fill Jennifer , Long Alan , Randall Cotton , Doran Douglas
Published: November 2023

For homeowners who live in an area with a medium to high risk of wildfire, creating an area of defensible space is crucial for protecting homes. The movement of a wildfire is controlled primarily by the flammability of the plants present and how those plants are arranged, both vertically and horizontally. This publication details how the structure and composition of the vegetation, from leaf to the whole plant, affect the likelihood that a fire will ignite and spread. It also describes how plants' horizontal and vertical arrangement can affect wildfire ignition and spread near homes, concluding with recommendations for firewise landscaping.
Ambiguitas Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Trismanto Trismanto
Published: November 2023

Komunikasi merupakan kebutuhan manusia untuk berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Setiap orang tidak bisa lepas dari kegiatan komunikasi. Media yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi adalah bahasa. Penggunaan bahasa sebagai sarana interaksi sosial ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor linguistik maupun nonlinguistik. Berkomunikasi berarti menyampaikan isi pikiran, ggasan, perasaan, dan kemauan kita kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan bahasa. Ambiguitas (nomina) dari ambigu (adjektiva); sifat atau hal yang berarti dua: kemungkinan yang mempunyai dua pengertian; taksa; ketidaktentuan; ketidakjelasan; kemungkinan adanya makna yang lebih dari satu atas suatu karya sastra; kemungkinan adanya makna lebih dari satu di sebuah kata, gabungan kata, atau kalimat.

Kata Kunci: Ambiguitas, komunikasi, linguistik, lisan, tulisan.
ANALISIS JENIS KERUSAKAN PADA BANGUNAN GEDUNG BERTINGKAT (Studi Kasus pada Gedung Apartemen dan Hotel Candiland Semarang)
Authors: Ariyanto Arief Subakti
Published: November 2023

Pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun selalu mengalami peningkatan. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk harus diiringi dengan kebutuhan tempat tinggal yang memadai sesuai dengan keinginan dan persyaratan yang berlaku. Dibangunnya bangunan gedung apartemen menjadi solusi untuk kebutuhan tempat tinggal penduduk di Indonesia yang dewasa ini semakin meningkat. Pada masa pengoperasiannya, gedung apartemen maupun gedung lainnya hams mempertimbangkan proses perawatan, pemeliharaan, dan perbaikan jika terdapat kerusakan yang terjadi pada bangunan gedung tersebut. Dalam studi kasus ini penulis bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis kerusakan pada bangunan gedung bertingkat, dan objek penelitiannya yaitu gedung apartemen dan hotel Candiland semarang. Studi kasus ini diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran tentang jenis kerusakan yang dapat terjadi di suatu gedung dan penyebab terjadinya kerusakan serta cara penanganan yang efektif.
KINERJA TUNDAAN LALU LINTAS DI SIMPANG PATUNG DIPONEGORO NGESREP PADA PERSIMPANGAN BERSINYAL SEMARANG
Authors: Warsiti Warsiti , Risman Risman , Satriyadi Lilik , Mulyono Tedjo , Setiawan Dedi Budi
Published: November 2023

Volume lalu lintas Kota Semarang mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya yang diakibatkan bertambahnya jumlah kepemilikan kendaraan. Dengan memperhatikan kondisi geometri jalan, volume arus lalu lintas, hambatan samping dan lingkungan simpang yang merupakan daerah komersil, maka dicoba untuk diatasi dengan menganalisis tundaan pada simpang tersebut. Cara penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan survey di lapangan untuk mendapatkan data primer maupun data sekunder yang kemudian akan diolah dengan menggunakan manajemen simpang. Perencanaan menggunakan acuan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 dan menggunakan program Excel 2013 untuk mengolah data lalu lintas. Data lalu lintas diperoleh dari pencacahan jumlah kendaraan di lapangan yang dilakukan selama 3 hari (10, 13, dan 15 Mei 2017) pada jam-jam sibuk dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel data kendaraan dan kemudian perilaku lalu lintas simpang dapat dianalisis. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa persimpangan Simpan Ptung Diponegoro Ngesrep memiliki nilai Derajat Kejenuhan (DS) = 1.14. Nilai ini telah melewati nilai derajat kejenuhan yang disarankan oleh MKJI 1997 untuk simpang bersinyal yaitu DS ≤ 0,85. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tundaan rata–rata simpang tertinggi 335.84 detik, maka simpang ini memiliki memiliki Tingkat Pelayanan (LOS) F (>60).
KOMPARASI KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG TIANG PANCANG BERDASARKAN DATA N-SPT, KALENDERING, DAN PDA TEST (Studi Kasus: Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Semarang – Demak Seksi 2: STA 10+690 s.d. 27+000)
Authors: Pratama Nindita , Nagari Prajna Estetikaning , Sudarmono Sudarmono , Setyono Karnawan Joko , Suwarno Anung
Published: November 2023

Ruas Jalan Tol Semarang – Demak diharapkan dapat mengatasi kemacetan di jalur pantura Semarang-Demak-Surabaya yang sudah melebihi kapasitas. Jalan Tol Semarang – Demak Seksi 2 dibangun di atas tanah lunak dan mempunyai karakteristik daya dukung rendah. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, dipilih konstruksi jalan dengan sistem struktur plat pada tiang (Slab on Pile). Konstruksi plat tiang mempunyai daya dukung yang baik untuk kondisi tanah tersebut, dimana beban konstruksi bagian atas ditahan oleh gaya geser (gaya gesek) sepanjang selimut tiang, Sistem Slab on Pile menggunakan perhitungan kapasitas daya dukung friksi. Penentuan kapasitas daya dukung tiang dapat dilakukan metode empiris: berdasarkan data N-SPT (Standart Penetration Test) menggunakan metode Meyerhoff (1976) dan kontrol akhir dengan data kalendering menggunakan metode Hilley (1930) serta PDA Test ( Pile Driving Analyzer) dengan analisis CAPWAP (Case Pile Wave Analysis Program). Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh daya dukung kalendering terhadap jumlah segmen dari konfigurasi tiang pancang menunjukkan peningkatan secara linear. Perbandingan daya dukung tiang pancang berdasarkan metode empiris yaitu data N-SPT dengan metode Meyerhoff cenderung memiliki nilai daya dukung yang lebih kecil dari hasil pengujian dinamik melalui PDA. Sedangkan berdasarkan kalendering menggunakan metode Hilley menunjukan nilai daya dukung yang relatif sama dengan PDA, hal ini karena keduanya merupakan tes dinamik.