bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cut From the Same Cloth? Comparing Urban District CBAs Within States and Across the United States
Authors: Marianno Bradley D. , Kilbride Tara , Theobald Roddy , Strunk Katharine O. , Cowen Joshua M. , Goldhaber Dan
Published: December 2017

There is considerable speculation and some empirical evidence that teacher collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) in urban school districts are more restrictive to district administrators than CBAs in other districts. We build on prior work by comparing urban with nonurban CBAs in three states—California, Michigan, and Washington—and, for a set of high-profile provisions, with those in CBAs from 72 of the largest districts in the country outside those states. We find that urban CBAs are more restrictive than nonurban CBAs in all three states, but there is still considerable heterogeneity across districts in overall restrictiveness and in high-profile provisions.
A Qualitative Inquiry Addressing the Experience of Depression in Impoverished Ethnically Diverse Women: Implications for Developing a Community-Based Model
Authors: Banzhaf Sara E. , Kunes-Connell Mary
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Literature suggests that a disparity exists relative to the higher prevalence of depression among the population of impoverished ethnically diverse women, the services available, and care received resulting in a significant health issue for women. OBJECTIVES: An exploratory–descriptive qualitative study explored the experiences of depression among the population and key stakeholders to inform the development of a community-based program to reduce depression and improve the quality of life of ethnically diverse women residing in an urban community. DESIGN: Data were collected using focus groups and individual interviews with members of the population and key community representatives, transcribed verbatim, reviewed for accuracy, coded, and analyzed for themes. RESULTS: Compassion, ease, and hope emerged as the three overarching foundational themes. CONCLUSION: An intentional infrastructure and strategies to create an experience of compassion, ease, and hope appear to be essential core components of a successful community mental health program model for impoverished women experiencing depression.
The Characteristics and Age Effects of Emotional Lability in ADHD Children With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Liu Lu , Chen Wai , Sun Li , Cheng Jia , Su Yi , Rudaizky Daniel , Li Hai-Mei , Yang Li , Qian Qiu-Jin , Wang Yu-Feng
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the concurrent validity of emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 2,015 children with ADHD and 745 typically developed controls (TDCs) were assessed and compared on EL. Results: ADHD participants expressed higher EL scores than TDCs, not influenced by gender or IQ. Higher levels of EL symptoms were found in children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and with ADHD-combined subtype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed a strong screening efficacy of EL symptoms on ADHD. The effect of developmental age on EL showed a desisting pattern in TDCs, as opposed to a persisting pattern in ADHD (not influenced by ODD comorbid status). ODD symptoms in ADHD showed an ascending pattern. Conclusion: EL can potentially serve as a sentinel index for the presence of ADHD, especially when the ADHD presentation is atypical. ODD may embody a developmental entity distinct from EL.
Parental Responses to Temper Outbursts in Children With ADHD: The Role of Psychological Factors
Authors: Godovich Sheina A. , Adelsberg Samantha , Roy Amy Krain
Published: December 2017

Objective: Children with ADHD frequently exhibit temper outbursts (TO). One related factor may be parental responses, such as harsh discipline and accommodation. This study tests the hypotheses that these responses will be associated with greater TO, and parental characteristics of higher anger and lower sense of competence, in children with ADHD. Method: Participants included 79 5- to 9-year-old children with ADHD (77.22% boys). Regressions were used to determine the association between parental psychological factors and responses to TO while covarying for TO frequency, severity, and duration. Results: Parental anger and sense of competence were not significantly related to any discipline responses after covarying for TO characteristics, although sense of competence predicted spanking at trend-level significance. Both parental anger and sense of competence significantly predicted accommodation over and above TO characteristics. Conclusion: Results underscore the importance of parental anger and sense of competency in predicting parental behavior, specifically parental accommodation.
Assessing Participant Compliance With Point-of-Use Water Treatment: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: MacDonald Morgan Callender , Juran Luke , Srinivasan Sekar , Jose Jincy , Ali Syed Imran , Rajagopalan Prema , Hall Kevin
Published: December 2017

Field studies on household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) suggest that positive health outcomes are strongly linked to user compliance. We investigated factors that influenced compliance in a marginalized community of South India where residents worked with researchers to develop a water treatment intervention in absence of government water utilities. Survey and water quality data were collected during a 12-month randomized controlled trial of 124 households. Data were used to construct indices for social, technical, and institutional predictors of compliance including technological effectiveness, gender, community capacity, perceived benefit, and inherent demand. Perceived benefit was the only parameter to be significantly associated with compliance. Households in which participants had “very high” levels of perceived benefit were over 4 times more likely to comply with instructions on water treatment and maintenance with the HWTS. These findings suggest that compliance, and therefore disease prevention, can be improved by enhancing perceived benefit to the user.
A Qualitative Study of Latino Grandparents’ Involvement in and Support for Grandchildren’s Leisure Time Physical Activity
Authors: Xie Hui , Caldwell Linda L. , Loy Steven , Robledo Mayra
Published: December 2017

Background. Latino grandparents are often involved in rearing of grandchildren. However, their roles in promoting Latino children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA) have been largely overlooked by researchers. Aim. The purpose of this study is to examine Latino grandparents’ involvement in and support for grandchildren’s (age 2-12) LTPA as well as issues facing Latino grandparents. Method. Participants included 53 Latino grandparents who lived with/cared for or used to live with/care for grandchildren of 2 to 12 years old in three low-income areas of Los Angeles County. Data were collected using 4 semistructured focus groups and 26 semistructured interviews. Transcribed data were systematically and iteratively coded and analyzed. Results. Latino grandparents perceived various benefits of physical activity to their grandchildren’s physical and mental health, and supported grandchildren’s LTPA directly and indirectly. The direct support included doing physical activity with grandchildren, taking grandchildren to places for physical activities, verbally asking grandchildren to do physical activities, and rewarding grandchildren for doing physical activities. The indirect support was made through providing suggestions to parents. Mothers usually regulated Latino grandparents’ involvement in or support for grandchildren’s LTPA and tended to promote a maternal lineage. Some Latino grandparents reported barriers to supporting grandchildren’s LTPA, including lack of information, access to affordable and safe LTPA facilities/programs, transportation, money, and time. Conclusions. Latino grandparents are advocates for grandchildren’s LTPA and support grandchildren’s LTPA directly and indirectly. It may be promising to develop interventions to increase Latino grandparents’ competency in supporting grandchildren’s LTPA.
Coding the Privileged Self: Facebook and the Ethics of Psychoanalysis “Outside the Clinic”
Authors: Healey Kevin , Potter Richard
Published: December 2017

Analysis of official statements from Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg, as well as other representatives, demonstrates how the company appropriates moral-developmental concepts to construct relationships with users that mimic the clinical relationship between analyst and patient. This performance of psychoanalysis “outside the clinic” is ethically fraught. After identifying the company’s perspective on the nature and dynamics of the self, we show how Facebook’s attempts to cultivate specific moral virtues like authenticity and integrity are undercut by its commercial imperatives. To the extent that it neglects this tension, the construction of self encoded in Facebook’s platform architecture will continue to reflect a dynamic of socioeconomic privilege endemic to Silicon Valley’s elite subculture and will therefore amplify preexisting social inequities. We conclude with some preliminary suggestions for how alternative architectures could mitigate these issues.
Prevention of Pediatric Pharmaceutical Poisonings
Authors: White Nicole D. , Kibalama William
Published: December 2017

Pediatric poisoning remains a common, preventable childhood injury and incidence is on the rise. Child-resistant packaging has been shown to prevent pharmaceutical poisoning, but must be applied and used appropriately to be effective. Prescription drug use among adults is also increasing and may be contributing to the problem through a greater number of medications in the child’s environment. Drug take back programs are designed to reduce the number of unused medications in the home. These programs are expanding and health care providers should be aware of and encourage safe drug disposal practices.
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability in Ghana
Authors: Oti-Boadi Mabel
Published: December 2017

This study explored the experiences of mothers of children with intellectual disability in Ghana. Specifically, the study sought to determine the challenges and coping strategies associated with raising a child with intellectual disability. Using the phenomenological approach, 11 mothers were purposively selected from mothers whose children attended a “special” school. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data on the experiences of mothers of children with intellectual disability. Data were analyzed and interpreted into six themes including emotional reactions, caregiving challenges, societal reactions, knowledge of the condition, perceived cause of the condition, and coping strategies. The findings of the study demonstrate that being a mother of a child with intellectual disability is beset with several negative experiences of stress; however, mothers recounted the valuable nature of their coping strategies including spiritual beliefs, support, and hope in raising their children with intellectual disability. This study highlighted the challenging nature of having a child with intellectual disability and the beneficial roles of coping strategies in helping mothers traverse the caregiving journey with their children. This study provides relevant information for mental health practice, policy, and research, and serves as a guide in developing intervention programs for parents of children with intellectual disability in Ghana.
The impact of different spirometric definitions on the prevalence of airway obstruction and their association with respiratory symptoms
Authors: Meteran Howraman , Miller Martin R. , Thomsen Simon Francis , Christensen Kaare , Sigsgaard Torben , Backer Vibeke
Published: December 2017

The fixed ratio criterion of forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.70 for diagnosing airway obstruction may overdiagnose the condition, particularly in the elderly, so the lower limit of normal (LLN) is recommended as the most appropriate criterion. Our aim was to compare LLNversusfixed ratio on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and examine the association between respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction defined by LLN and fixed ratio.

12 449 twins aged 40–80 years participated in a nationwide survey using the Danish Twin Registry. They completed a questionnaire, underwent clinical examination and recorded prebronchodilator spirometry. Individuals with self-reported asthma were excluded. Clinical COPD was defined by respiratory symptoms together with airway obstruction.

10 329 individuals were included, with a mean±sdage of 58.4±9.6 years and mean body mass index of 26.6±4.4 kg·m−2; 20% were current smokers, 37% former smokers and 43% never-smokers; and 48% were male. The prevalence of LLN airway obstruction (LLN-AO) and fixed ratio airway obstruction (FR-AO) was 5.6% and 18.0%, respectively (p<0.001). Overall, 26% reported current respiratory symptoms, but 50% of those with LLN-AO had respiratory symptoms compared to 39% with FR-AO, p<0.001. The prevalence of clinical LLN-COPD and fixed ratio COPD was 2.6% and 6.3%, respectively (p<0.001). Individuals with LLN-AO had a significantly higher probability of reporting respiratory symptoms compared with both healthy individuals and FR-AO when adjusted for sex, age and ever-smoking.

The use of fixed ratio more than doubled the prevalence of clinical COPD compared with LLN, this being more pronounced with increased age, and identified subjects with a lower prevalence of respiratory symptoms than LLN-AO.
The effectiveness of a nurse-led illness perception intervention in COPD patients: a cluster randomised trial in primary care
Authors: Weldam Saskia W.M. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Zanen Pieter , Heijmans Monique J.W.M. , Sachs Alfred P.E. , Lammers Jan-Willem J.
Published: December 2017

The new COPD-GRIP (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Guidance, Research on Illness Perception) intervention translates evidence regarding illness perceptions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) into a nurse intervention to guide COPD patients and to improve health outcomes. It describes how to assess and discuss illness perceptions in a structured way. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention in primary care.

A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted within 30 general practices and five home-care centres, including 204 COPD patients. 103 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 101 patients to the usual-care group. To assess differences, repeated multilevel linear mixed modelling analyses were used. Primary outcome was change in health status on the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) at 9 months. Secondary outcomes were HRQoL, daily activities, health education impact and changes in illness perceptions.

There was no significant difference between the groups in the CCQ at 9 months. We found a significant increase in health-directed behaviour at 6 weeks (p=0.024) and in personal control (p=0.005) at 9 months in favour of the intervention group.

The COPD-GRIP intervention, practised by nurses, did not improve health status in COPD patients in primary care. However, the intervention has benefits in improving the ability to control the disease and health-related behaviours in the short term. Therefore, taking illness perceptions into account when stimulating healthy behaviours in COPD patients should be considered. Further study on influencing the health status and HRQoL is needed.
Inversion velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain
Authors: Hou Jie , Symes William W.
Published: December 2017

Optimization-based migration velocity analysis updates long-wavelength velocity information by minimizing an objective function that measures the violation of a focusing criterion, applied to an image volume. Differential semblance optimization forms a smooth objective function in velocity and data, regardless of the data-frequency content. Depending on how the image volume is formed, however, the objective function may not be minimized at a kinematically correct velocity, a phenomenon characterized in the literature (somewhat inaccurately) as “gradient artifacts.” We find that the root of this pathology is imperfect image volume formation resulting from reverse time migration (RTM), and that the use of linearized inversion (least-squares migration) more or less eliminates it. A synthetic Marmousi example and a 2D real data example are used to demonstrate that an approximate inverse operator, a little more expensive than RTM, leads to recovery of a kinematically correct velocity.
MIPSS70: Mutation-Enhanced International Prognostic Score System for Transplantation-Age Patients With Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Guglielmelli Paola , Lasho Terra L. , Rotunno Giada , Mudireddy Mythri , Mannarelli Carmela , Nicolosi Maura , Pacilli Annalisa , Pardanani Animesh , Rumi Elisa , Rosti Vittorio , Hanson Curtis A. , Mannelli Francesco , Ketterling Rhett P. , Gangat Naseema , Rambaldi Alessandro , Passamonti Francesco , Barosi Giovanni , Barbui Tiziano , Cazzola Mario , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To develop a prognostic system for transplantation-age patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) that integrates clinical, cytogenetic, and mutation data.

Patients and Methods

The study included 805 patients with PMF age ≤ 70 years recruited from multiple Italian centers and the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), forming two independent learning and validation cohorts. A Cox multivariable model was used to select from among a list of 22 variables those that were predictive of overall survival (OS). Integrated clinical and genetic prognostic models with (MIPSS70-plus) or without (MIPSS70) cytogenetic information were developed.

Results

Multivariable analysis identified the following as significant risk factors for OS: hemoglobin < 100 g/L, leukocytes > 25 × 109/L, platelets < 100 × 109/L, circulating blasts ≥ 2%, bone marrow fibrosis grade ≥ 2, constitutional symptoms, absence of CALR type-1 mutation, presence of high–molecular risk mutation (ie, ASXL1, EZH2, SRSF2, IDH1/ 2), and presence of two or more high–molecular risk mutations. By assigning hazard ratio (HR)–weighted points to these variables, three risk categories were delineated for the MIPSS70 model; 5-year OS was 95% in low-risk, 70% in intermediate-risk, and 29% in high-risk categories, corresponding to median OS of 27.7 years (95% CI, 22 to 34 years), 7.1 years (95% CI, 6.2 to 8.1 years), and 2.3 years (95% CI, 1.9 to 2.7 years), respectively. In the MIPSS70-plus model, which included cytogenetic information, four risk categories were delineated, with 5-year OS of 91% in low-risk, 66% in intermediate-risk (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.2), 42% in high-risk (HR, 6.4; 95% CI, 4.1 to 10.0), and 7% very high–risk categories (HR, 17.0; 95% CI, 9.8 to 29.2). Both models remained effective after inclusion of older patients in the analysis.

Conclusion

MIPSS70 and MIPSS70-plus provide complementary systems of risk stratification for transplantation-age patients with PMF and integrate prognostically relevant clinical, cytogenetic, and mutation data.
Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin–FAK and uPAR signaling
Authors: Keasey Matthew P. , Jia Cuihong , Pimentel Lylyan F. , Sante Richard R. , Lovins Chiharu , Hagg Theo
Published: December 2017

We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. Treatment with VTN (but not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111 or collagen-I) substantially increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 h in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN−/− mouse plasma was less effective than that from wild-type mice. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of recombinant human (rh)VTN in mice, but induction seen upon intracerebral hemorrhage was less in VTN−/− mice than in wild-type littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin-blocking peptides and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), whereas pharmacological- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced the expression of LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant-negative FAK (Y397F) reduced the amount of injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR (also known as PLAUR), which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin–FAK signaling is therefore a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields.
The tail domain of the Aspergillus fumigatus class V myosin MyoE orchestrates septal localization and hyphal growth
Authors: Renshaw Hilary , Vargas-Muñiz José M. , Juvvadi Praveen R. , Richards Amber D. , Waitt Greg , Soderblom Erik J. , Moseley M. Arthur , Steinbach William J.
Published: December 2017

Myosins are critical motor proteins that contribute to the secretory pathway, polarized growth, and cytokinesis. The globular tail domains of class V myosins have been shown to be important for cargo binding and actin cable organization. Additionally, phosphorylation plays a role in class V myosin cargo choice. Our previous studies on the class V myosin MyoE in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus confirmed its requirement for normal morphology and virulence. However, the domains and molecular mechanisms governing the functions of MyoE remain unknown. Here, by analyzing tail mutants, we demonstrate that the tail is required for radial growth, conidiation, septation frequency and MyoE's location at the septum. Furthermore, MyoE is phosphorylated at multiple residues in vivo; however, alanine substitution mutants revealed that no single phosphorylated residue was critical. Importantly, in the absence of the phosphatase calcineurin, an additional residue was phosphorylated in its tail domain. Mutation of this tail residue led to mislocalization of MyoE from the septa. This work reveals the importance of the MyoE tail domain and its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the growth and morphology of A. fumigatus.
Rap1B promotes VEGF-induced endothelial permeability and is required for dynamic regulation of the endothelial barrier
Authors: Lakshmikanthan Sribalaji , Sobczak Magdalena , Li Calzi Sergio , Shaw Lynn , Grant Maria B. , Chrzanowska-Wodnicka Magdalena
Published: December 2017

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key angiogenic and permeability factor, plays an important role in new blood vessel formation. However, abnormal VEGF-induced VEGFR2 signaling leads to hyperpermeability. We have shown previously that Rap1, best known for promoting cell adhesion and vessel stability, is a critical regulator of VEGFR2-mediated angiogenic and shear-stress EC responses. To determine the role of Rap1 role in endothelial barrier dynamics, we examined vascular permeability in EC-specific Rap1A- and Rap1B-knockout mice, cell–cell junction remodeling and EC monolayer resistivity in Rap1-deficient ECs under basal, inflammatory or elevated VEGF conditions. Deletion of either Rap1 isoform impaired de novo adherens junction (AJ) formation and recovery from LPS-induced barrier disruption in vivo. However, only Rap1A deficiency increased permeability in ECs and lung vessels. Interestingly, Rap1B deficiency attenuated VEGF-induced permeability in vivo and AJ remodeling in vitro. Therefore, only Rap1A is required for the maintenance of normal vascular integrity. Importantly, Rap1B is the primary isoform essential for normal VEGF-induced EC barrier dissolution. Deletion of either Rap1 isoform protected against hyper permeability in the STZ-induced diabetes model, suggesting clinical implications for targeting Rap1 in pathologies with VEGF-induced hyperpermeability.
The methyltransferase SET9 regulates TGFB1 activation of renal fibroblasts via interaction with SMAD3
Authors: Shuttleworth Victoria G. , Gaughan Luke , Nawafa Lotfia , Mooney Caitlin A. , Cobb Steven L. , Sheerin Neil S. , Logan Ian R.
Published: December 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global socioeconomic problem. It is characterised by the presence of differentiated myofibroblasts, which cause tissue fibrosis in response to TGFB1, leading to renal failure. Here, we define a novel interaction between the SET9 lysine methyltransferase (also known as SETD7) and SMAD3, the principal mediator of TGFB1 signalling in myofibroblasts. We show that SET9-deficient fibroblasts exhibit globally altered gene expression profiles in response to TGFB1, whilst overexpression of SET9 enhances SMAD3 transcriptional activity. We also show that SET9 facilitates nuclear import of SMAD3 and controls SMAD3 protein degradation via ubiquitylation. On a cellular level, we demonstrate that SET9 is broadly required for the effects of TGFB1 in diseased primary renal fibroblasts; SET9 promotes fibroblast migration into wounds, expression of extracellular matrix proteins, collagen contractility and myofibroblast differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that SET9 is recruited to the α-smooth muscle actin gene in response to TGFB1, providing a mechanism by which SET9 regulates myofibroblast contractility and differentiation. Together with previous studies, we make the case for SET9 inhibition in the treatment of progressive CKD.
Rheb localized on the Golgi membrane activates lysosome-localized mTORC1 at the Golgi–lysosome contact site
Authors: Hao Feike , Kondo Kazuhiko , Itoh Takashi , Ikari Sumiko , Nada Shigeyuki , Okada Masato , Noda Takeshi
Published: December 2017

In response to amino acid supply, mTORC1, a master regulator of cell growth, is recruited to the lysosome and activated by the small GTPase Rheb. However, the intracellular localization of Rheb is controversial. In this study, we showed that a significant portion of Rheb is localized on the Golgi but not on the lysosome. GFP–Rheb could activate mTORC1, even when forced to exclusively localize to the Golgi. Likewise, artificial recruitment of mTORC1 to the Golgi allowed its activation. Accordingly, the Golgi was in contact with the lysosome at an newly discovered area of the cell that we term the Golgi–lysosome contact site (GLCS). The number of GLCSs increased in response to amino acid supply, whereas GLCS perturbation suppressed mTORC1 activation. These results suggest that inter-organelle communication between the Golgi and lysosome is important for mTORC1 regulation and the Golgi-localized Rheb may activate mTORC1 at GLCSs.
Directionality of nose-emitted echolocation calls from bats without a nose-leaf (Plecotus auritus)
Authors: Jakobsen Lasse , Hallam John , Moss Cynthia F. , Hedenström Anders
Published: December 2017

All echolocating bats and whales measured to date emit a directional bio-sonar beam that affords them a number of advantages over an omni-directional beam, i.e. reduced clutter, increased source level and inherent directional information. In this study we investigated the importance of a directional sound emission for navigation through echolocation by measuring the sonar beam of brown long-eared bats, Plecotus auritus. P. auritus emits sound through the nostrils but has no external appendages to readily facility a directional sound emission as found in most nose emitters. The study shows that P. auritus, despite the lack of an external focusing apparatus, emits a directional echolocation beam (Directivity index=13 dB) and that the beam is more directional vertically (-6 dB angle at 22°) than horizontally (-6dB angle at 35°). Using a simple numerical model we find that the recorded emission pattern is achievable if P. auritus emits sound through the nostrils as well as the mouth. The study thus supports the hypothesis that a directional echolocation beam is important for perception through echolocation and we propose that animals with similarly un-directional emitter characteristics may facilitate a directional sound emission by emitting sound both through the nostrils and the mouth.
Visual associative learning in wood ants
Authors: Fernandes A. Sofia D. , Buckley C. L. , Niven J. E.
Published: December 2017

Wood ants are a model system for studying visual learning and navigation. They can forage for food and navigate to their nests effectively by forming memories of visual features in their surrounding environment. Previous studies of freely behaving ants have revealed many of the behavioural strategies and environmental features necessary for successful navigation. However, little is known about the exact visual properties of the environment that animals learn or the neural mechanisms that allow them to achieve this. As a first step towards addressing this, we developed a classical conditioning paradigm for visual learning in harnessed wood ants that allows us to control precisely the learned visual cues. In this paradigm, ants are fixed and presented with a visual cue paired with an appetitive sugar reward. Using this paradigm, we found that visual cues learnt by wood ants through Pavlovian conditioning are retained for at least one hour. Furthermore, we found that memory retention is dependent upon the ants’ performance during training. Our study provides the first evidence that wood ants can form visual associative memories when restrained. This classical conditioning paradigm has the potential to permit detailed analysis of the dynamics of memory formation and retention, and the neural basis of learning in wood ants.
Purine– and pyrimidine–triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides recognize qualitatively different target sites at the ribosomal DNA locus
Authors: Maldonado Rodrigo , Filarsky Michael , Grummt Ingrid , Längst Gernot
Published: December 2017

Triplexes are noncanonical DNA structures, which are functionally associated with regulation of gene expression through ncRNA targeting to chromatin. Based on the rules of Hoogsteen base-pairing, polypurine sequences of a duplex can potentially form triplex structures with single-stranded oligonucleotides. Prediction of triplex-forming sequences by bioinformatics analyses have revealed enrichment of potential triplex targeting sites (TTS) at regulatory elements, mainly in promoters and enhancers, suggesting a potential function of RNA–DNA triplexes in transcriptional regulation. Here, we have quantitatively evaluated the potential of different sequences of human and mouse ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) to form triplexes at different salt and pH conditions. We show by biochemical and biophysical approaches that some of these predicted sequences form triplexes with high affinity, following the canonical rules for triplex formation. We further show that RNA triplex-forming oligos (TFOs) are more stable than their DNA counterpart, and point mutations strongly affect triplex formation. We further show differential sequence requirements of pyrimidine and purine TFO sequences for efficient binding, depending on the G–C content of the TTS. The unexpected sequence specificity, revealing distinct sequence requirements for purine and pyrimidine TFOs, shows that in addition to the Hoogsteen pairing rules, a sequence code and mutations have to be taken into account to predict genomic TTS.
Ρόλοι και διαδικασίες λήψης απόφασης σε επίπεδο σχολικού οργανισμού
Authors: Γόγολα Αγγελική , Κατσής Αθανάσιος
Published: December 2017

Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι η ανίχνευση του ρόλου και του βαθμού συμμετοχής στις διαδικασίες λήψης απόφασης των σχολικών ηγετών και των συλλογικών οργάνων των σχολικών οργανισμών. Εκατόν ογδόντα δύο (182) εκπαιδευτικοί ανταποκρίθηκαν στην έρευνα, μέσω διαδικασίας μη αναλογικής στρωματοποιημένης δειγματοληψίας. Κλήθηκαν να αποκριθούν σε ερωτήσεις, ενός δομημένου ερωτηματολογίου που κατασκευάστηκε για τις ανάγκες της εν λόγω έρευνας. Η στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων έγινε μέσω περιγραφικής στατιστικής, με τη βοήθεια του προγράμματος IBM SPSS statistics v.23. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας ανέδειξαν σημαντικές ελλείψεις και αδυναμίες του εκπαιδευτικού μας συστήματος, που εστιάζονται σε ζητήματα σχολικής αυτονομίας. Επισημαίνεται ο περιορισμένος ρόλος της σχολικής ηγεσίας, αλλά  και η ελλιπής συμμετοχή στις διαδικασίες λήψης απόφασης τόσο των διευθυντών, όσο και των εκπαιδευτικών, των μαθητών και γονέων τους.
Cryptocurrencies: the Main Tendencies of Development in Russia at the Present Stage
Authors: Оголихина Светлана , Ogolihina Svetlana
Published: December 2017

In the article the research directed to detection of tendencies of development of cryptocurrencies in the world financial market on the base of which dynamics of cryptocurrencies in Russia and foreign countries is predicted is conducted. As three most perspective virtual currencies are selected by the author: Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin. On the basis of carrying out the comparative analysis features, advantages and shortcomings of each of cryptocurrencies are revealed, dynamics of their capitalization for last period of 2017 is analyzed.The innovative technological frameworks created on the database of cryptocurrencies are considered, assessment of their efficiency is carried out. As a result of the conducted research the author offered own forecast of development of three cryptocurrencies based on the optimistic scenario till 2019. Within the forecast dynamics of growth of exchange rate in the long term and possible risks for investors is designated. In the inference conclusions are drawn and the main tendencies of development of cryptocurrencies in a pattern are defined.
Ecological Education As a Factor of Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Николайчук Ольга , Nikolaychuk Olga
Published: December 2017

The year 2017 is called the year of ecology, because the state of the environment is constantly deteriorating and requires a serious attitude towards itself. The lack of proper environmental education entails misunderstanding and the inability to adequately assess the catastrophic ecological situation that has developed. The article analyzes the components of the university environmental education in Russia: a scientific one, including the theory and methodology of the issue of environmental protection; normative, studying moral, legal and aesthetic issues; value, considering ideals, ideas, goals and defining nature, as a primary value. The problem of environmental education for economists, financiers, managers in the conditions of the “new economy” has been studied. Conclusions are drawn about the need for comprehensive environmental education, which includes economic, social and educational aspects for improving the ecological culture of the society, with a special role of the educational aspect of environmental education.
Anatomy and physiology, 5. The autonomic nervous system
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2017

The nervous system acts as the body's mainframe, its computer; it has a responsibility for and controls all facets of voluntary and involuntary action.

The nervous system comprises the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. This article provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), a component of the peripheral nervous system.

The ANS therefore has a major role to play in the maintenance of homeostasis, regulating the body's automatic, involuntary functions. An overview of this complex system is provided, with the intention of providing the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with further insight and understanding in order for them to offer care to people. At the end of the article, there is a glossary of terms, as well as a short quiz.
The Professional Midwifery Advocate
Authors: Barker Karen
Published: December 2017

Statutory supervision in midwifery has been replaced by the role of the Professional Midwifery Advocate. Karen Barker explains how this works in practice
Gastroschisis: A review of practice
Authors: Wright Christian , Geraghty Sadie
Published: December 2017

Gastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect in the fetus, affecting as many as 1 in 2000 pregnancies. This is a complex medical condition that is growing in prevalence worldwide, and one to which midwives will inevitably be exposed. There is a lack of consensus in the literature as to the cause of gastroschisis and for clear evidence-based treatment regarding indication and timing of birth. While it is agreed that specialist multidisciplinary collaboration is needed from pre-conception, through antenatal surveillance, and into labour, birth and postnatal care, the research is medically led, with no description of a midwifery role. In acknowledging that gastroschisis is a complex medical issue, specific medical and surgical interventions are not examined, but instead a midwifery plan of care within the multidisciplinary approach is derived from the available literature.
Perinatal mental health and Islam
Authors: Zaidi Aneesa Zehra
Published: December 2017

Approximately 20% of women in the UK experience perinatal mental health issues, making it a common problem. Islam is the second largest religion worldwide; however, there is little discussion surrounding the religion and perinatal mental health. This article aims to discuss the causes of perinatal mental illness in the context of Islam, which may offer some insight into the influence of religious beliefs on mental health. In turn, this may aid health professionals to have a deeper understanding and awareness when caring for Muslim women.
Using the Solihull Approach in breastfeeding support groups: Maternal perceptions
Authors: Tan Monique , Rheeston Mary , Douglas Hazel
Published: December 2017

The October issue of BJM explored using the Solihull Approach in breastfeeding support groups from the perspective of breastfeeding peer supporters. This article examines the mothers' experiences

Background

UK breastfeeding rates are among the lowest in the world, so it is necessary to understand what makes breastfeeding support successful. Anecdotal reports of a West Midlands breastfeeding support group noted the benefits of using a psychosocial model, the Solihull Approach, in their staff training.

Aims

To formally explore maternal perceptions of this peer support breastfeeding service.

Methods

Subgroup sampling resulted in nine semi-structured interviews, which were then analysed with thematic analysis.

Findings

The Solihull Approach helped to create safe spaces, both literally (between supporters and mothers) and figuratively (atmosphere of trust and acceptance in the venues). It also ensured tailored informational and emotional support, which sustained the mothers' attendance to the group.

Conclusions

Breastfeeding support groups can gain in consistency from being underpinned by a model: Solihull Approach would be a promising candidate, as its influence can be helpful to the emotional wellbeing and breastfeeding outcomes of all mothers, regardless of their socioeconomic background.
Mindfulness for men with pregnant partners: An integrative literature review (Part two)
Authors: Jones Donovan , Ebert Lyn , Hazelton Michael
Published: December 2017

Background

Both men and women can experience depressive or anxious episodes when transitioning to parenthood. Mindfulness interventions are one way to teach men coping strategies to manage these feelings.

Aim

This integrative review examined original research, evaluating mindfulness as an intervention for men during the perinatal period.

Methods

A comprehensive search resulted in 157 articles. After applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 original research papers remained. Thematic analysis identified five themes, the first three of which were discussed in Part I of this article.

Findings

Mindfulness based stress reduction strategies for men have been shown to be effective across a range of health issues, although there is little research during the perinatal period. Research suggests that men engaged in mindfulness based stress reduction in the perinatal period experienced better regulation of emotions and stress, and felt more present for their pregnant partners.

Conclusions

To improve men's wellbeing, innovative ways of providing perinatal mindfulness based stress reduction are needed. New or adapted mindfulness based stress reduction programmes are needed to improve men's awareness, empathy, self-esteem and psychological wellbeing to better support their pregnant partners.
A values-based curriculum to support aesthetic ‘ways of knowing’ in an undergraduate midwifery programme
Authors: Russell Kim , Williams Jacqui
Published: December 2017

In higher education, the term ‘values-based learning’ is used to emphasise aesthetic, values-based knowing; that is, the art, rather than the science, of caring. In midwifery, aesthetic learning is premised on the creation of meaningful relationships and the use of knowledge and skills that recognise individuality and support humanity. Therefore, it was deemed important to develop a midwifery curriculum that recognised the aesthetic values of care and compassion and those of midwifery educators.

The new midwifery curriculum was developed over a 2-year period of iterative discussion with the midwifery academic team and wide consultation with stakeholders. This article presents a pragmatic approach to designing and developing values-based learning opportunities in a midwifery undergraduate programme in one English university, and how a values-based midwifery curriculum model was conceptualised and made central to the learning and teaching strategy for a new curriculum.
Vicarious birth trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: Preparing and protecting student midwives
Authors: Power Alison , Mullan Jenny
Published: December 2017

Post-traumatic stress disorder was first recognised in war veterans who had experienced extreme violence during military combat; however, it is now understood to be caused by a wide range of traumatic experiences, including serious accidents, abuse, natural disasters or terrorist attacks—any event in which a person fears for their life. Traumatic childbirth is also a potential cause, not only for the mother, but also for those who may witness the birth, such as midwives, student midwives, obstetricians and birth partners. This condition is termed vicarious birth trauma.

This article will examine the definition of both vicarious birth trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, and consider the evidence in relation to how these conditions affect midwives and student midwives. It will offer suggestions for personal and organisational management and support strategies, based on research findings and expert advice.
Tattoos, piercings and pregnancy
Authors: Winter George F
Published: December 2017

As research suggests that up to one-third of people under the age of 40 have a tattoo, George Winter explores what the growing popularity of body art means for women during pregnancy
Collaboration on fear of childbirth
Authors: O'Connell Maeve
Published: December 2017

In Ireland, as in many other countries, perinatal tocophobia is an under-explored condition. With EU funding, Maeve O'Connell travelled to Sweden to meet the midwives helping expectant mothers
Joshua's story
Authors: Windsor Sophie
Published: December 2017

In 2008, Joshua Titcombe died at Furness General Hospital, and his story has made headlines ever since. His father James has campaigned consistently to discover what happened
Using cosmeceutical ingredients and combinination regimens for sensitive skin
Authors: Bowes Lorna
Published: December 2017

Several studies conducted in the last 20 years have confirmed an increase in patients with sensitive skin. In the industrialised world, the prevalence of sensitive skin has been found to be approximately 40%. Cosmeceutical preparations have gained broad acceptance in successfully treating sensitive skin either independently or in combination with other treatments. In this article, the author will define sensitive skin, and identify the causes and outcomes. Effective ingredients for the management of the condition will be discussed, including lactobionic acid and maltobionic acid, which have been shown to calm inflammation and help fortify the skin's barrier function.
Photodermatoses: identifying abnormal skin reactions to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: December 2017

This article aims to update aesthetic nurses' knowledge on a group of skin conditions associated with abnormal reactions to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (sunlight or artificial light sources), collectively referred to as photodermatoses. Photodermatoses are divided into five subgroups: immunological photodermatoses (immune-mediated skin conditions); drug or chemical photosensistive dermatoses (related to drugs, including photosensitising medications, or chemicals' reaction with light); genophotodermatoses (rare genetic skin disorders induced by light); metabolic photodermatoses (caused by a metabolic defect); and photoaggravated dermatoses (skin conditions made worse by UV radiation). This article will review and discuss three types of photodermatoses affecting adults, to aid aesthetic nurses in their assessment and diagnosis. Aesthetic nurses need to have knowledge of photodermatoses, sensitivity to UV radiation and skin typing. Medications should always be included in the patient's skin history, to ensure that photosensitivity is fully assessed before performing an aesthetic treatment. If a photodermatosis is suspected and treatment is unable to be offered, the patient should be referred back to their GP. As health educators, aesthetic nurses should also advise patients on photoprotection and prevention of skin cancer.
Weight bias, weight-based discrimination and weighty consequences
Authors: Craddock Nadia
Published: December 2017

Weight bias refers to negative attitudes and preconceptions, predominately directed towards people who are larger in size. This can often lead to discrimination in a range of contexts, including the workplace and educational institutions. Nadia Craddock discusses the detrimental and wide-reaching impacts of weight bias and what can be done to avoid weight bias in health-care practice
The truth about level 7 qualifications: what are they and why should you care?
Authors: Cottrill Lee
Published: December 2017

In virtually every conversation about education and training in aesthetics, the words ‘level 7’ will more than likely come up. Despite the fact that there is no mandatory requirement to complete a level 7 qualification, many aesthetic practitioners are misinformed and worried about achieving this. Lee Cottrill focuses on the facts about level 7 training and stresses the importance of choosing reputable providers
Nurses leaving the NHS for aesthetics: why it is happening and ways to prepare
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: December 2017

With the public sector pay cap of 1% a year having been implemented in 2013, following pay freezes for the 2 years prior to this, there has been a decline in new nurses joining the sector, putting additional pressure on existing staff. Consequently, many have started to look at alternative options, such as aesthetics. Naomi Di-Scala outlines the considerations for nurses who are thinking of making this career change
International Master Course on Aging Science, 1–3 February 2018, Paris
Authors: Ascher Benjamin
Published: December 2017

As the year comes to an end, it is a good time to plan ahead and clear space in the clinic diary to attend future national and international conferences. One event that has continued to make waves in the sector is the International Master Course on Aging Science, which will take place in February 2018. Its scientific director, Benjamin Ascher, tells aesthetic nurses what to expect from next year's congress
Consulting on clinical standards and prescribing competencies
Authors: Bennett Sharon
Published: December 2017

The final quarter of 2017 has been as busy as expected, with aesthetic clinics facing the frantic festive season, and practitioners and organisations sending in their responses to consultations on major standards and frameworks. Sharon Bennett discusses how the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses has been working to meet these demands and highlights upcoming events in the aesthetics calendar