bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging of hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Schomann Timo , Iljas Juvita D. , Que Ivo , Li Yuedan , Suidgeest Ernst , Cruz Luis J. , Frijns Johan H.M. , Chan Alan , Löwik Clemens M.W.G. , Huisman Margriet A. , Mezzanotte Laura
Published: February 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event for which current therapies are limited. Stem cell transplantation may lead to recovery of function via different mechanisms, such as cell replacement through differentiation, stimulation of angiogenesis and support to the microenvironment. Adult hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells (HFBSCs) possess neuronal differentiation capacity, are easy to harvest and are relatively immune-privileged, which makes them potential candidates for autologous stem cell-based therapy. In this study, we apply in vivo multimodal, optical and magnetic resonance imaging techniques to investigate the behavior of mouse HFBSCs in a mouse model of TBI. HFBSCs expressed Luc2 and copGFP and were examined for their differentiation capacity in vitro. Subsequently, transduced HFBSCs, preloaded with ferumoxytol, were transplanted next to the TBI lesion (cortical region) in nude mice, 2 days after injury. Brains were fixed for immunohistochemistry 58 days after transplantation. Luc2- and copGFP-expressing, ferumoxytol-loaded HFBSCs showed adequate neuronal differentiation potential in vitro. Bioluminescence of the lesioned brain revealed survival of HFBSCs and magnetic resonance imaging identified their localization in the area of transplantation. Immunohistochemistry showed that transplanted cells stained for nestin and neurofilament protein (NF-Pan). Cells also expressed laminin and fibronectin but extracellular matrix masses were not detected. After 58 days, ferumoxytol could be detected in HFBSCs in brain tissue sections. These results show that HFBSCs are able to survive after brain transplantation and suggest that cells may undergo differentiation towards a neuronal cell lineage, which supports their potential use for cell-based therapy for TBI.
An Approach to Compensate for the Influence of the System Normal Stiffness in CNS Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Larsson J. , Flansbjer M.
Published: February 2020

Applying accurate normal load to a specimen in direct shear tests under constant normal stiffness (CNS) is of importance for the quality of the resulting data, which in turn influences the conclusions. However, deficiencies in the test system give rise to a normal stiffness, here designated as system normal stiffness, which results in deviations between the intended and actual applied normal loads. Aiming to reduce these deviations, this paper presents the effective normal stiffness approach applicable to closed-loop control systems. Validation through direct shear tests indicates a clear influence of the system normal stiffness on the applied normal load (13% for the test system used in this work). The ability of the approach to compensate for this influence is confirmed herein. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the differences between the measured and the nominal normal displacements are established by the normal load increment divided by the system normal stiffness. This further demonstrates the existence of the system normal stiffness. To employ the effective normal stiffness approach, the intended normal stiffness (user defined) and the system normal stiffness must be known. The latter is determined from a calibration curve based on normal loading tests using a stiff test dummy. Finally, a procedure is presented to estimate errors originating from the application of an approximate representation of the system normal stiffness. The approach is shown to effectively reduce the deviations between intended normal loads and the actual applied normal loads.
The Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale: Psychometric Properties
Authors: Ruud Torleif , Høifødt Tordis Sørensen , Hendrick Delia Cimpean , Drake Robert E. , Høye Anne , Landers Matthew , Heiervang Kristin S. , Bond Gary R.
Published: February 2020

Mental health programs need an instrument to monitor adherence to evidence-based physical health care for people with serious mental illness. The paper describes the Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale and study interrater reliability, frequency distribution, sensitivity to change and feasibility. Four fidelity assessments were conducted over 18 months at 13 sites randomized to implementation support for evidence-based physical health care. We found good to excellent interrater reliability, adequate sensitivity for change, good feasibility and wide variability in fidelity across sites after 18 months of implementation. Programs were more successful in establishing Policies stating physical health care standards than in implementing these Policies. The Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale measures and guides implementation of evidence-based physical health care reliably.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03271242
Health and Social Care Diversity Among Individuals with Longstanding Physical and Psychological Health Problems: Pooled Repeated Cross Sectional Analyses
Authors: Driessens Corine , Kingdon David , Pilgrim David , Smith Peter W. F.
Published: February 2020

This paper examines differences in health-and-social care utilisation for individuals with physical and/or mental health problems. Logistic regression models are used to determine disparity in the percentage of General Household/Lifestyle Survey participants with physical compared to mental health problems receiving disability benefits or health care services between 2000 and 2011. Our findings of a relative underutilisation of secondary health care combined with a relative overutilization of out-of-work benefits by individuals with mental health problems is novel to the field of rehabilitative health care. These results provide evidence for the previously suspected disparity in health care utilisation of individuals with mental health problems and indicate problems in labour force integration. The findings support the political call for a ‘parity of esteem’, which, in Britain, was enshrined in the Health and Social Care Act of 2012.
How Mendeleev issued his predictions: comment on Andrea Woody
Authors: Campbell Chris , Pulkkinen Karoliina
Published: February 2020

Much has been said about the accuracy of the famous predictions of the Russian chemist Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev, but far less has been written on how he made his predictions. Here we offer an explanation on how Mendeleev used his periodic system to predict both physical and chemical properties of little-known and entirely unknown chemical elements. We argue that there seems to be compelling evidence in favour of Mendeleev genuinely relying on his periodic system in the course of issuing his predictions—a point recently contested by Woody (in: Soler, Zwart, Lynch, Israel-Jost (eds) Science after the practice turn in the philosophy, history, and social studies of science, Routledge, Abington, 2014). In particular, by using the known properties of a number of near neighbours of the three entirely unknown elements (the so-called eka-elements), we seek to show how the very format of his table enabled it to function as a powerful tool for Mendeleev in arriving at his predicted values. We suggest that Mendeleev’s use of the periodic system in making his prediction gives an illuminative example of what Woody calls “theoretical practices” in science.
Symbolic Understanding and Word–Picture–Referent Mapping from iPads in Autism Spectrum Condition: The Roles of Iconicity and Engagement
Authors: Wainwright Bethany R. , Allen Melissa L. , Cain Kate
Published: February 2020

We investigated symbolic understanding, word–picture–referent mapping, and engagement in children with autism spectrum condition (ASC) and ability-matched typically developing children. Participants viewed coloured pictorial symbols of a novel object (given a novel name) on an iPad in one of three conditions: static 2D images and either automatically or manually rotating images (providing a three-dimensional context). We found no significant difference in word–picture–referent mapping between groups and conditions, however, children who manually rotated the picture had greater on-screen looking time compared to other conditions. Greater visual attention related to more successful word–picture–referent mapping only for the children with ASC. Interactive iPad tasks may increase visual attention in both typical and atypical populations and greater visual attention may benefit word–picture–referent mapping in ASC.
Crowdfunding a monthly income: an analysis of the membership platform Patreon
Authors: Regner Tobias
Published: February 2020

Membership platforms allow creators to crowdfund a monthly income, while campaigns on conventional reward crowdfunding portals aim to reach a specified funding target within a preset period. We study transaction-level data from Patreon, the biggest membership platform, to gain insights about behavioral patterns at this emerging type of crowdfunding. Our analysis shows that hundreds of creators crowdfund a sizable income (more than $2500 monthly). We also find that measures of communication quality are determinants of project success, in line with the related literature. Funding dynamics—pledges as well as deletions—are heterogeneous across campaigns. Our analysis suggests that the option to delete the monthly pledge to a creator at any time serves as a feedback mechanism. We conclude that crowdfunding a monthly income offers the creative class a viable alternative to advertising-based business models.
Current understanding of the genomic, genetic, and molecular control of insect resistance in rice
Authors: Du Bo , Chen Rongzhi , Guo Jianping , He Guangcun
Published: February 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa) is both a vital source of food and a key model cereal for genomic research. Insect pests are major factors constraining rice production. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in functional genomics research and the genetic improvements of insect resistance in rice. To date, many insect resistance genes have been identified in rice, and 14 such genes have been cloned via a map-based cloning approach. The proteins encoded by these genes perceive the effectors of insect and activate the defense pathways, including the expression of defense-related genes, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, plant hormone, and transcription factors; and defense mechanism against insects, including callose deposition, trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TryPIs), secondary metabolites, and green leaf volatiles (GLVs). These ongoing functional genomic studies provide insights into the molecular basis of rice–insect interactions and facilitate the development of novel insect-resistant rice varieties, improving long-term control of insect pests in this crucial crop.
Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma (KEATING): a randomized, mixed methods, feasibility study
Authors: Martin-McGill Kirsty J. , Marson Anthony G. , Tudur Smith Catrin , Young Bridget , Mills Samantha J. , Cherry M. Gemma , Jenkinson Michael D.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

We conducted a feasibility study to investigate the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), investigating (i) trial feasibility; (ii) potential impacts of the trial on patients’ quality of life and health; (iii) patients’ perspectives of their decision-making when invited to participate in the trial and (iv) recommending improvements to optimize future phase III trials.

Methods

A single-center, prospective, randomized, pilot study (KEATING), with an embedded qualitative design. Twelve newly diagnosed patients with GBM were randomized 1:1 to modified ketogenic diet (MKD) or medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCTKD). Primary outcome was retention at three months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of patients and caregivers (n = 15). Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative outcomes and qualitative data were analyzed thematically aided by NVivo.

Results

KEATING achieved recruitment targets, but the recruitment rate was low (28.6%). Retention was poor; only four of 12 patients completed the three-month diet (MCTKD n = 3; MKD n = 1). Participants’ decisions were intuitive and emotional; caregivers supported diet implementation and influenced the patients’ decision to participate. Those who declined made a deliberative and considered decision factoring diet burden and quality of life. A three-month diet was undesirable to patients who declined and withdrew.

Conclusion

Recruitment to a KD trial for patients with GBM is possible. A six-week intervention period is proposed for a phase III trial. The role of caregivers should not be underestimated. Future trials should optimize and adequately support the decision-making of patients.
A longitudinal analysis of the alignment between children’s early word-level reading trajectories, teachers’ reported concerns and supports provided
Authors: Graham Linda J. , White Sonia L. J. , Tancredi Haley A. , Snow Pamela C. , Cologon Kathy
Published: February 2020

In this longitudinal study, the word-level reading trajectories of 118 children were tracked alongside teachers’ reported concerns and types of support provided through Grades 1, 2 and 3. Results show a significant decline in composite scores relative to age norms over time, with children achieving significantly lower in phonemic decoding than word recognition at the subtest level. Five group trajectories were identified: children who achieved average or above average scores across all 3 years (n = 64), children who consistently bordered on average (n = 11), children who achieved below average in Grade 1 but who then achieved average or above in Grade 2 or Grade 3 (n = 7), children who achieved average or above in Grade 1 but then declined to below average in Grade 2 or Grade 3 (n = 10), and children who achieved below average across all 3 years (n = 26). Appropriately, teachers’ concerns were highest for students in the groups that improved, declined or remained persistently below average. However, analysis of the focus of teachers’ concerns and the supports they said were provided to the children in these three groups suggests that teachers are not always accurate in their interpretation of children’s presenting characteristics, resulting in the misalignment of support provision.
Contributions of IQA electron correlation in understanding the chemical bond and non-covalent interactions
Authors: Silva Arnaldo F. , Duarte Leonardo J. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: February 2020

The quantum topological energy partitioning method Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) has been applied for over a decade resulting in an enlightening analysis of a variety of systems. In the last three years we have enriched this analysis by incorporating into IQA the two-particle density matrix obtained from Møller–Plesset (MP) perturbation theory. This work led to a new computational and interpretational tool to generate atomistic electron correlation and thus topologically based dispersion energies. Such an analysis determines the effects of electron correlation within atoms and between atoms, which covers both bonded and non-bonded “through -space” atom–atom interactions within a molecule or molecular complex. A series of papers published by us and other groups shows that the behavior of electron correlation is deeply ingrained in structural chemistry. Some concepts that were shown to be connected to bond correlation are bond order, multiplicity, aromaticity, and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, the concepts of covalency and ionicity were shown not to be mutually excluding but to both contribute to the stability of polar bonds. The correlation energy is considerably easier to predict by machine learning (kriging) than other IQA terms. Regarding the nature of the hydrogen bond, correlation energy presents itself in an almost contradicting way: there is much localized correlation energy in a hydrogen bond system, but its overall effect is null due to internal cancelation. Furthermore, the QTAIM delocalization index has a connection with correlation energy. We also explore the role of electron correlation in protobranching, which provides an explanation for the extra stabilization present in branched alkanes compared to their linear counterparts. We hope to show the importance of understanding the true nature of the correlation energy as the foundation of a modern representation of dispersion forces for ab initio, DFT, and force field calculations.
Rethinking prestige bias
Authors: Chellappoo Azita
Published: February 2020

Some cultural evolution researchers have argued for the importance of prestige bias as a systematic and widespread social learning bias, that structures human social learning and cultural transmission patterns. Broadly speaking, prestige bias accounts understand it as a bias towards copying ‘prestigious’ individuals (which are typically described as high-status, due to a high level of skill or success in a socially valued domain, and so are treated by others with respect and deference). Prestige bias, along with other social learning biases, has been argued to pay a crucial role in allowing cumulative cultural selection to take place, thereby generating adaptations that are key to our success as a species. However, I argue for skepticism about the plausibility and scope of a prestige bias account. I argue that although an account of prestige bias seems plausible or compelling on their face, it is committed to a particular view of the cognition underpinning the bias, and therefore to predictions regarding its flexibility and context-sensitivity. Given this, current empirical evidence gives us reason to doubt the explanatory value of a prestige bias account over a naive, goal-directed agent account. Additionally, the way that prestige is defined in empirical work is in tension with a general understanding of prestige, casting doubt upon its status as evidence of prestige bias. I examine two studies cited as evidence of prestige bias, arguing that in these cases we cannot clearly favour a prestige bias explanation over a goal-directed agent explanation.
BOLD signal simulation and fMRI quality control base on an active phantom: a preliminary study
Authors: Chen Tiao , Zhao Yue , Jia Chuntao , Yuan Zilong , Qiu Jianfeng
Published: February 2020

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal has been commonly used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe the activity in different areas of the brain or other organs. This signal is difficult to simulate, because its amplitude is nearly 1~3% and it is influenced by multiple factors. This study aimed to design and construct an active BOLD simulation phantom and test its stability and repeatability. The phantom consisted of two perpendicular loops. The BOLD signal was simulated by different stimuli generated by a regular periodic vibration current and transmission loops. Three scanners (Siemens skyra 3.0 T, Siemens verio 3.0 T, and GE signa HD 1.5 T) were used to test the stability and repeatability of the BOLD signal detection of the phantom. The percent signal change (PSC) was calculated for each stimulus. At baseline, the phantom exhibited stability, and the average signal variation was below 1% as revealed by the three scanners. The SNR of ROIs with different sizes were markedly high, being 2326.58 and 2389.24; and the ghosting ratio were 0.39% and 0.38%, and the stimuli detection efficiency for Siemens verio and Siemens skyra was 60% and 75%, respectively. The repeated scans of the same scanner for different stimuli were highly reproducible. In the three scanners, the PSC at the same location varied from nearly 1 to 3%. The areas activated on the phantom revealed by different scanners were comparatively consistent. The phantom designed for fMRI quantitative quality control displays good adaptability to different scanners and is easy to operate. It can reliably collect data by simple data processing.
Outcome after operative revision of clavicular nonunions
Authors: Michel Philipp A. , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J. , Katthagen J. Christoph , Heilmann Lukas F. , Dyrna Felix , Sax Florian , Warnhoff Mara , Lill Helmut , Dey Hazra Rony-Orijit
Published: February 2020

Background

Over the past decade, the treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures has increasingly shifted from conservative to operative therapy. The overall results seem to be better with surgery, although the problem of nonunion remains. The aim of this study was to report the functional results after operative revision of clavicular nonunions in two German level‑1 trauma centers.

Methods

All patients who underwent surgery for clavicular nonunions during the past 10 years were invited for a structured clinical follow-up examination. The major functional outcome parameter was the age- and gender-adjusted Constant score. Additionally, radiographic fracture union was assessed with the available X‑rays. Complications such as wound site infections were also monitored.

Results

In total, 31 patients were available for assessment. The mean follow-up rate was 69.7 ± 31.2 months. The mean age of the patients was 52.3 ± 15.2 years. The nonunion was classified as atrophic in 26 cases and hypertrophic in five. A total of 25 (80.6%) patients were treated with angular stable plating combined with autologous bone grafting from the iliac crest. The age- and gender-adjusted Constant score was significantly decreased compared with the noninjured side (82.2 ± 17.1 vs. 95.6 ± 10). Radiographic union was achieved in 30 of the 31 patients (96.8%). Complications with need for surgical revision were recorded for two patients.

Conclusion

Surgery for clavicular nonunion is a safe and well-established procedure, which leads to radiographic union and good functional results for the majority of cases.
Analytical modelling of single-walled carbon nanotube energies: the impact of curvature, length and temperature
Authors: Hedman Daniel , Larsson J. Andreas
Published: February 2020

Recent breakthroughs in the field of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth have been achieved by combining theoretical models with experiments. Theoretical models rely on accurate energies for SWCNTs, obtained via first principle calculations in the form of density functional theory (DFT). Such calculations are accurate, but time and resource intensive which limits the size and number of systems that can be studied. Here, we present a new analytical model consisting of three fundamental energy expressions, parametrized using DFT, for fast and accurate calculation of SWCNT energies at any temperature. Tests against previously published results show our model having excellent accuracy, with an root mean square error in total energies below 2 meV per atom as compared to DFT. We apply the model to study SWCNT growth on Ni catalysts at elevated temperatures by investigating the SWCNT/catalyst interface energy. Results show that the most stable interface shifts towards chiral edges as the temperature increases. The model’s ability to perform calculations at any temperature in combination with its speed and flexibility will allow researcher to study more and larger systems, aiding future research into SWCNT growth.
Increased Subglacial Sediment Discharge in a Warming Climate: Consideration of Ice Dynamics, Glacial Erosion, and Fluvial Sediment Transport
Authors: Delaney Ian , Adhikari Surendra
Published: February 2020

We evaluate changes to subglacial sediment discharge during glacier retreat by considering ice dynamics, bedrock erosion, and sediment transport processes. Coupling these components together within a single framework, we simulate sediment discharge from synthetic alpine glaciers experiencing accelerated glacier melt for 100 years. We find that sediment discharge increases by about 8 times the steady glacier values by the end of the simulation. The enhanced sediment discharge persists through peak water discharge and despite annual bedrock erosion volume decreasing by approximately 30% from the initial value. The greater sediment discharge results from increased melt at the glaciers' higher region, where transport was limited prior to glacier retreat. These findings suggest that large increases in sediment discharge may occur as glaciers retreat. The magnitude of the sediment discharge increase primarily depends on the quantity of sediment stored subglacially.
Nonlinear Scattering of 90° Pitch Angle Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt by Large‐Amplitude EMIC Waves
Authors: Lee Dae‐Young , Kim Kyung‐Chan , Choi Cheong‐Rim
Published: February 2020

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can cause relativistic electron scattering and atmospheric precipitation, primarily via cyclotron resonant interactions in the Earth's radiation belts. However, the conventional quasilinear resonance theory suggests that the cyclotron resonance condition is not satisfied for 90° pitch angle (PA) electrons, which constitute the majority of electrons in the outer radiation belt, such that scattering mainly affects low‐PA electrons. In contrast to this theory, using test particle calculations, we demonstrate that even exactly 90° PA electrons can be significantly scattered by large‐amplitude EMIC waves. The finite wave force results in the parallel transport of 90° PA electrons away from the equator, corresponding to intrinsically nonresonant scattering. This can lead to parallel velocity that meets cyclotron resonance conditions as local PA deviates from 90°. Different types of resonance are identified depending on the wave normal angle, that is, first‐ and second‐order resonances for parallel and oblique waves, respectively.
Viscous Dissipation and Apparent Permeability of Gas Flow in Nanoporous Media
Authors: Zhao Jianlin , Kang Qinjun , Wang Youping , Yao Jun , Zhang Lei , Yang Yongfei
Published: February 2020

The nanopore confinement effect can increase the mobility for gas flow in shale rocks, and the apparent permeability is usually adopted to account for this effect. However, most of the apparent permeability calculation models are derived based on straight channels (capillaries) and neglect the influence of end effect. The end effect is caused by the bending of streamlines which yields more viscous dissipation and additional flow resistance for gas flow in nanoporous media. In this paper, for the first time the viscous dissipation for gas flow in nanoporous media is analyzed. In addition, an improved apparent permeability calculation model is proposed based on the Beskok‐Karniadakis (B‐K) model by introducing the influence of end effect, which is characterized by the ratio of the length to the width of a short channel (L/H). The accuracy of this model is validated by lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas flow in three different geometries: an infinite‐length straight channel, a finite‐length straight channel, and nanoporous media. For the infinite‐length straight channel, there is no end effect therefore both the B‐K model and the improved model can well predict the apparent permeability. However, for the finite‐length straight channel and nanoporous media, the original B‐K model overestimates the gas apparent permeability as it neglects the influence of end effect, while the improved model can still well predict the gas apparent permeability. In summary, the improved apparent permeability calculation model is more reasonable in predicting gas mobility in nanoporous media.
A Machine Learning Assisted Development of a Model for the Populations of Convective and Stratiform Clouds
Authors: Hagos Samson , Feng Zhe , Plant Robert S. , Protat Alain
Published: February 2020

Traditional parameterizations of the interaction between convection and the environment have relied on an assumption that the slowly varying large‐scale environment is in statistical equilibrium with a large number of small and short‐lived convective clouds. They fail to capture nonequilibrium transitions such as the diurnal cycle and the formation of mesoscale convective systems as well as observed precipitation statistics and extremes. Informed by analysis of radar observations, cloud‐permitting model simulation, theory, and machine learning, this work presents a new stochastic cloud population dynamics model for characterizing the interactions between convective and stratiform clouds, with the goal of informing the representation of these interactions in global climate models. Fifteen wet seasons of precipitating cloud observations by a C‐band radar at Darwin, Australia are fed into a machine learning algorithm to obtain transition functions that close a set of coupled equations relating large‐scale forcing, mass flux, the convective cell size distribution, and the stratiform area. Under realistic large‐scale forcing, the derived transition functions show that, on the one hand, interactions with stratiform clouds act to dampen the variability in the size and number of convective cells and therefore in the convective mass flux. On the other, for a given convective area fraction, a larger number of smaller cells is more favorable for the growth of stratiform area than a smaller number of larger cells. The combination of these two factors gives rise to solutions with a few convective cells embedded in a large stratiform area, reminiscent of mesoscale convective systems.
Geology, U‐Pb Geochronology, and Hf Isotope Geochemistry Across the Mesozoic Alaska Range Suture Zone (South‐Central Alaska): Implications for Cordilleran Collisional Processes and Tectonic Growth of North America
Authors: Romero Mariah C. , Ridgway Kenneth D. , Gehrels George E.
Published: February 2020

The Mesozoic Alaska Range suture zone is defined by a transition from oceanic to continental terranes and is part of a 2000‐km‐long tectonic boundary throughout the northern Cordillera. Surface geologic mapping of the rock types across this suture zone provides critical information about the upper crustal configuration but provides little insight into the sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes that occurred in deeper levels of the collisional zone. To better constrain the timing and mantle‐crust sources of collision‐related magmatism, we combine U‐Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of detrital zircons from the three main components of the suture zone. U‐Pb/Hf data sets from inboard, continental margin samples have Precambrian‐Paleozoic ages with epsilon Hf(t) values ranging between +10 and −20. U‐Pb/Hf data sets from the outboard, oceanic terrane samples have Pennsylvanian‐Permian detrital zircon ages with epsilon Hf(t) values between +16 and +10. The U‐Pb/Hf data set of detrital zircons from Mesozoic strata that represent intervening sedimentary basin(s) that formed between the continental margin and oceanic terranes record Precambrian‐Mesozoic detrital zircon ages with epsilon Hf(t) values between +14 and −20. Results of the study document four Archean and Proterozoic global crustal magmatic events that are correlated to the tectonic growth of Laurentia. Also, three Phanerozoic magmatic events have been identified that represent more regional tectonic events. This study demonstrates that the combination of U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry applied to detrital zircons is a powerful tool to define sediment provenance in collisional zones and delineate episodes of global and regional magmatism along convergent plate boundaries.
In situ synthesis of quasi-needle-like bimetallic organic frameworks on highly porous graphene scaffolds for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Khiarak Behnam Nourmohammadi , Hasanzadeh Mahdi , Mojaddami Majdoddin , Shahriyar Far Hossein , Simchi Abdolreza
Published: February 2020

We present enhanced electrocatalytic activity of three-dimensional graphene scaffolds by decoration with one-dimensional CoxNi1−x MOF nanostructures (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Adsorption of methylene blue onto porous carbon materials prepared from Na2EDTA
Authors: Tan Guangqun , Li Xiaopeng , Xiao Dan
Published: February 2020

A simple self-activation preparation procedure and excellent adsorption performance for methylene blue.
One-pot access to tetrahydrobenzo[c]carbazoles from simple ketones by using O2 as an oxidant
Authors: Saha Shuvendu , Maji Modhu Sudan
Published: February 2020

An effective and operationally simple one-pot Brønsted acid catalyzed cascade method is demonstrated for the synthesis of diversely functionalized carbazole frameworks starting from protecting group free 2-alkenyl indoles.
The strain effect on the electronic properties of the MoSSe/WSSe van der Waals heterostructure: a first-principles study
Authors: Guo Wenyu , Ge Xun , Sun Shoutian , Xie Yiqun , Ye Xiang
Published: February 2020

The structural, mechanical and electronic properties of the MoSSe/WSSe van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure under various degrees of horizontal and vertical strain are systematically investigated based on first-principles methods.
22 μW, 5.1 ps LSB, 5.5 ps RMS jitter Vernier time‐to‐digital converter in CMOS 65 nm for single photon avalanche diode array
Authors: Nolet F. , Roy N. , Carrier S. , Bouchard J. , Fontaine R. , Charlebois S.A. , Pratte J.‐F.
Published: February 2020

A Vernier ring‐oscillator‐based time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) with a new prelogic is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture achieve a 5.5 ps RMS timing jitter with a 5.1 ps LSB within an area of . Thanks to the new prelogic circuit, the power consumption of the circuit was optimised to at a rate of 1 Mevents/s for a dynamic range of 4 ns. The area, timing jitter and power consumption make the TDC suitable for an array of electronic readout in a position emission tomography single photon avalanche diode based detectors.
PRIME: a real‐time cyber‐physical systems testbed: from wide‐area monitoring, protection, and control prototyping to operator training and beyond
Authors: Becejac Tamara , Eppinger Crystal , Ashok Aditya , Agrawal Urmila , O'Brien James
Published: February 2020

As the power grid continues to evolve with advanced wide‐area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC) algorithms, there is an increasing need for realistic testbed environments with industry‐grade software and hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) to perform verification and validation studies. Such testbed environments serve as ideal platforms to perform WAMPAC prototyping, operator training, and also to study the impacts of different types of cyberattack scenarios on the operation of the grid. In this study, the authors introduce pacific northwest national laboratory(PNNL) cyber‐physical systems testbed (PRIME): the testbed that integrates real‐time transmission system simulator with commercial industry‐grade energy management system software and remote HIL (RHIL). PRIME is an end‐to‐end, modular testbed that allows high‐fidelity RHIL experimentation of a power system. We present two detailed case studies (fault location and clearing in the transmission system and operator training) to show the capabilities of their PRIME testbed. Finally, we briefly discuss some of the potential limitations of their testbed in terms of scalability and flexibility to set up larger test systems and identify directions for future work to address these limitations.
A Review on Homoeopathic Remedies and their Relationship
Authors: Bala Renu , Srivastava Amit
Published: February 2020

The word relationship indicates the way in which two or more things are connected, or the state of being connected. There is nothing in nature really unrelated to anything else. Medicines are interrelated to each other in various ways of therapeutic action. Knowledge of these relations is very important for accurate prescribing. Hahnemann was always careful to observe and record the antidotes to the remedies he proved.

The relationship of remedies is the most useful section in therapeutic pocket book. Even Kent advocated the use of this particular section which can be studied at various levels of mind, parts, sensations, modalities, etc. But it is the least understood and least used because of neglect on the part of physicians. The practitioners are mastering the art of individualisation which is one of the pillars of homoeopathic treatment but more stress needs to be laid upon the grouping of remedies based on their relationship which has great importance in practice for the ideal cure. The homoeopathic literature was found to be very rich in describing the relationship which every remedy owes to each other. This review aims to bring forward the underlying facts and experiences of different authors regarding remedy relationship.
The histone demethylase JMJD2B regulates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Glaser Simone F. , Heumüller Andreas W. , Tombor Lukas , Hofmann Patrick , Muhly-Reinholz Marion , Fischer Ariane , Günther Stefan , Kokot Karoline E. , Okada Hitoshi , Hassel David , Kumar Sandeep , Jo Hanjoong , Boon Reinier A. , Abplanalp Wesley , John David , Boeckel Jes-Niels , Dimmeler Stefanie
Published: February 2020

Endothelial cells play an important role in maintenance of the vascular system and the repair after injury. Under proinflammatory conditions, endothelial cells can acquire a mesenchymal phenotype by a process named endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which affects the functional properties of endothelial cells. Here, we investigated the epigenetic control of EndMT. We show that the histone demethylase JMJD2B is induced by EndMT-promoting, proinflammatory, and hypoxic conditions. Silencing of JMJD2B reduced TGF-β2-induced expression of mesenchymal genes, prevented the alterations in endothelial morphology and impaired endothelial barrier function. Endothelial-specific deletion of JMJD2B in vivo confirmed a reduction of EndMT after myocardial infarction. EndMT did not affect global H3K9me3 levels but induced a site-specific reduction of repressive H3K9me3 marks at promoters of mesenchymal genes, such as Calponin (CNN1), and genes involved in TGF-β signaling, such as AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (AKT3) and Sulfatase 1 (SULF1). Silencing of JMJD2B prevented the EndMT-induced reduction of H3K9me3 marks at these promotors and further repressed these EndMT-related genes. Our study reveals that endothelial identity and function is critically controlled by the histone demethylase JMJD2B, which is induced by EndMT-promoting, proinflammatory, and hypoxic conditions, and supports the acquirement of a mesenchymal phenotype.
Structural dynamics of the human COP9 signalosome revealed by cross-linking mass spectrometry and integrative modeling
Authors: Gutierrez Craig , Chemmama Ilan E. , Mao Haibin , Yu Clinton , Echeverria Ignacia , Block Sarah A. , Rychnovsky Scott D. , Zheng Ning , Sali Andrej , Huang Lan
Published: February 2020

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit (CSN1–8) protein complex that controls protein ubiquitination by deneddylating Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs). The activation and function of CSN hinges on its structural dynamics, which has been challenging to decipher by conventional tools. Here, we have developed a multichemistry cross-linking mass spectrometry approach enabled by three mass spectometry-cleavable cross-linkers to generate highly reliable cross-link data. We applied this approach with integrative structure modeling to determine the interaction and structural dynamics of CSN with the recently discovered ninth subunit, CSN9, in solution. Our results determined the localization of CSN9 binding sites and revealed CSN9-dependent structural changes of CSN. Together with biochemical analysis, we propose a structural model in which CSN9 binding triggers CSN to adopt a configuration that facilitates CSN–CRL interactions, thereby augmenting CSN deneddylase activity. Our integrative structure analysis workflow can be generalized to define in-solution architectures of dynamic protein complexes that remain inaccessible to other approaches.
Unfolding of monomeric lipoprotein lipase by ANGPTL4: Insight into the regulation of plasma triglyceride metabolism
Authors: Kristensen Kristian K. , Leth-Espensen Katrine Zinck , Mertens Haydyn D. T. , Birrane Gabriel , Meiyappan Muthuraman , Olivecrona Gunilla , Jørgensen Thomas J. D. , Young Stephen G. , Ploug Michael
Published: February 2020

The binding of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to GPIHBP1 focuses the intravascular hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the surface of capillary endothelial cells. This process provides essential lipid nutrients for vital tissues (e.g., heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue). Deficiencies in either LPL or GPIHBP1 impair triglyceride hydrolysis, resulting in severe hypertriglyceridemia. The activity of LPL in tissues is regulated by angiopoietin-like proteins 3, 4, and 8 (ANGPTL). Dogma has held that these ANGPTLs inactivate LPL by converting LPL homodimers into monomers, rendering them highly susceptible to spontaneous unfolding and loss of enzymatic activity. Here, we show that binding of an LPL-specific monoclonal antibody (5D2) to the tryptophan-rich lipid-binding loop in the carboxyl terminus of LPL prevents homodimer formation and forces LPL into a monomeric state. Of note, 5D2-bound LPL monomers are as stable as LPL homodimers (i.e., they are not more prone to unfolding), but they remain highly susceptible to ANGPTL4-catalyzed unfolding and inactivation. Binding of GPIHBP1 to LPL alone or to 5D2-bound LPL counteracts ANGPTL4-mediated unfolding of LPL. In conclusion, ANGPTL4-mediated inactivation of LPL, accomplished by catalyzing the unfolding of LPL, does not require the conversion of LPL homodimers into monomers. Thus, our findings necessitate changes to long-standing dogma on mechanisms for LPL inactivation by ANGPTL proteins. At the same time, our findings align well with insights into LPL function from the recent crystal structure of the LPL•GPIHBP1 complex.
Earthquake Vulnerability of Port Structures in Indonesia
Authors: Widyastuti H , Lumantarna E , Sofi M , Ramli M I , Oktavianus Y. , Rajabifard A
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is located in a high seismic region and is in one of the most vulnerable countries likely to experience earthquakes. The impact of earthquakes on port structures can have an enormous impact on the economy if the earthquake hazard is not acknowledged, essential elements of the transportation system not identified, and damage prevention procedures not applied. In this project, the seismic performance of critical infrastructures, such as post structures as designed and constructed, are assessed. Outcomes of the assessment enable vulnerable elements to be identified leading to design recommendations. The project is conducted based on data collection, field survey, site investigations, experiments, and computer modelling and simulations.
Numerical analysis of water temperature difference on baroclinic flow in the region of freshwater influence (ROFI)
Authors: Arifin A N , Yano S , Lando A T
Published: February 2020

IPCC had reported in the 5th assessment report (AR5) that global warming has been occurring from the past to the end of this century. This fact shows us that the temperature gradually increases in the average temperature of the atmosphere and oceans. Investigations of this issue have been conducted by experts to assess the effect of global warming on human life. In the coastal area, especially in the regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs), the effect can be seen in the river discharge trend, which increases due to the upward trend of precipitation. Delft3D model was used as the numerical model to conduct the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulation in the Ariake Sea’s region of freshwater influence (ROFIs), Japan. A numerical experiment was performed with the observation data of river discharge and river water temperature to investigate the baroclinic flow in the Ariake Sea’s ROFIs, due to both of stratification (salinity and thermal) in several cases occur at different water temperatures (ΔT) between seawater temperature and riverine freshwater temperature from -0.29°C to 9.27°C. Results from this research assessed the effects of the water temperature difference in the Ariake Sea ROFIs on the baroclinic flow.
The role of the Titian path as accessibility in the marginal housing on the water at Kampung Karabba and Marbor, Buloa-Tallo
Authors: Amri N , Asmal I , Amin S
Published: February 2020

Start Street is an important means of transportation in a residential neighbourhood. Housing built on aquatic environment generally uses of transportation in the form of a wooden bridge that serves as a street by the local community called Titian/Tete. Titian in kampung Karabba and Marbor Tallo district has a poor condition as street access. From its size, material and social role, the existing titian is less able to accommodate its role as a means of transportation. The objective of the study is to explore the local street facilities in various aspects, namely the role of the titian in the social life of the community and humanistic aspect. This research method uses a qualitative exploratory research method field (A Qualitative Exploratory Research) based on field data exploration (field observation). The result is that from the aspect of the size dimension of the titian does not qualify as a path, from the very material range to the climate and unsafe, from the socialistic aspects of the cattle, can play a role as the control of village security as well as the increasing social interaction of the community.
Conceptual framework of knowledge sharing and project team performance relationship in design and build project
Authors: Indriani M N , Thanaya I N A , Astana N Y , Yana A A G A
Published: February 2020

Increasing competition in construction requires improvement in human resources. An integrated project team that combines all project participants to work collaboratively requires a high level of coordination in working together and sharing knowledge to achieve goals. “Knowledge, it self-power,” means that in the economic era of the twenty-first century, we have moved into a world where knowledge sharing is power. Therefore, the competitiveness of the company is derived from knowledge sharing to increase team efficiency and effectiveness in achieving goals. In the other hand, soft skill refers to various necessary skills, knowledge, and values of life, conceptual thinking, communicating well, working well, influencing others, and getting along with others. A further innovation is influenced by factors that come from individuals, such as locus of control, tolerance, values, education, experience. Knowledge sharing, in addition to changing innovation, also influence performance. This paper aims to build a framework of the project team performance and knowledge sharing on design and build project, through literature study. A review of some literature has been carried out, and the conceptual framework of knowledge sharing and project team performance relation is developed through soft skill and innovation.
An easy method for barchan dunes automatic extraction from multispectral satellite data
Authors: Aydda A , Althuwaynee O F , Pokharel B
Published: February 2020

This work presents an easy method for barchan dunes automatic extraction from multispectral satellite data. The proposed method based on unsupervised classifications of commonly used bands for sand dunes mapping in literature. First, the collected data were atmospherically and spatially enhanced. Moreover, each selected band (band ratio or redness index or crust index) were filtered using low-pass (3x3) filter and transformed with original image (non-filtered) by using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, the classifications were achieved for each selected band by using three different algorithms (K-means, Expectation Maximization (EM), and IsoData) after data transformation. Eventually, the obtained maps were segmented and compared with natural colour image. The results indicate that unsupervised classification of crust index selected band, which achieved by IsoData algorithm, presents high performance for barchan dunes detection.