bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospecções Científica e Tecnológica Aplicadas a Queijos Caprinos
Authors: Feitosa Bruno Fonsêca , Feitoza João Vitor Fonseca , Araújo Jayuri Susy Fernandes de , Xavier Leidiana Elias , Soares Wisla Kívia de Araújo , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo
Published: December 2021

Este estudo prospectou as tecnologias de queijos caprinos, a fim de potencializar os laticínios quanto às perspectivas de inovação científica e a obtenção de propriedades intelectuais. As técnicas de prospecção foram empregadas nos bancos de patentes do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), do European Pantent Office (Espacenet), do United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) e do World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). As bases de periódicos definidas foram Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Science Direct. Observou-se que o INPI apresentou o menor número de patentes publicadas, com nenhuma concessão no Brasil e 57,14% dos pedidos de depósitos realizados por universidades/institutos federais. Desde 2011, a quantidade de publicações de artigos científicos tem aumentado no Brasil. O crescente interesse científico evidencia o destaque nas citações da Subclasse A23C, relacionando-se diretamente com a área da maioria das publicações em periódicos, fator em ascensão para o queijo caprino.
Self‐Healable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Thermoelectric Materials with Excellent Ionic Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Malik Yoga Trianzar , Akbar Zico Alaia , Seo Jin Young , Cho Sangho , Jang Sung‐Yeon , Jeon Ju‐Won
Published: December 2021

Self‐healable and stretchable thermoelectric (TE) materials provide new possibilities for self‐powered flexible wearable devices to self‐repair mechanical damage. However, developing high‐performance materials with such desirable TE and mechanical properties is a significant challenge. In this work, organic–inorganic ionic TE composites (OITCs) with an unprecedently high ionic TE figure of merit (ZTi = 3.74 at 80% relative humidity) and robust properties of simultaneous self‐healing and stretching are reported. The OITCs are developed by incorporating inorganic SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2‐nps) in a polyaniline: poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid): phytic acid (PANI:PAAMPSA:PA) ternary polymer. The incorporated SiO2‐nps constructively interact with the hybrid polymer to provide autonomous self‐healability and stretchability while augmenting the mobile proton concentration in OITCs, which substantially improves their ionic TE properties (i.e., ionic Seebeck coefficient and ionic conductivity). Moreover, the OITCs remain repeatedly stretchable and self‐healable under severe external stresses (50 cycles of 100% strain and 25 cycles of cutting/healing) without degradation of their TE properties. Using the OITCs with multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrodes, an ionic TE supercapacitor (ITESC) with a maximum energy density of 19.4 mJ m−2 is demonstrated upon a temperature difference of 1.8 K.
Evaluation of postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives of small remnant distal gastrectomy for upper‐third gastric cancer using a large‐scale questionnaire survey
Authors: Nunobe Souya , Takahashi Masazumi , Kinami Shinichi , Fujita Junya , Suzuki Takahisa , Suzuki Akihiro , Tanahashi Toshiyuki , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Oshio Atsushi , Nakada Koji
Published: December 2021

Aim

Total gastrectomy (TG) is often performed for proximal gastric cancer. Small remnant distal gastrectomy (SRDG) can also be used in cases where surgical margins can be secured. The impact of preserving proximal small remnant stomach on postoperative quality of life (QOL) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we compared postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives between patients undergoing SRDG and those undergoing TG for proximal gastric cancer using the developed Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale (PGSAS)‐45.

Methods

Of the 1909 patients enrolled in the PGSAS NEXT study, univariate analysis of 19 main outcomes measures (MOMs) of PGSAS‐45 was performed in patients undergoing TG (n = 1020) or SRDG (n = 54). Multiple regression analysis was performed with several clinical factors as explanatory variables.

Results

There was no difference in age and sex between TG and SRDG groups. In SRDG group, postoperative period was shorter, the rates of laparoscopic approach and preservation of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve were higher, and the rates of clinical stage III/IV disease, ≥D2 dissection, and combined resection with other organs were lower than in the TG group significantly (P < .05). SRDG was associated with significantly lower symptoms and better daily lives than TG in 12 and 13 of 19 MOMs in PGSAS‐45 by univariate and multiple regression analyses, respectively (P < .05). Several other clinical factors were also associated with certain MOMs.

Conclusion

The PGSAS‐45 revealed that SRDG was associated with better postgastrectomy symptoms and daily lives than TG.
“Being a team of five strong women… we had to make an impression:” The College Math Academy as an intervention into mathematics education
Authors: Bhattacharya Nandini , Langhout Regina D. , Sylvane Vaccarino‐Ruiz S. , Jackson Natalya , Woolfe Maya , Matta Wendy , Zuniga Britney , Rowe Zella , Gibo Leilani
Published: December 2021

This paper, a first‐person account, describes a community psychology‐aligned intervention into a precalculus mathematics class at an Hispanic Serving Research Institution. The intervention was designed because the standard precalculus mathematics class had a high failure rate, especially for Latinx students, which was serving as a barrier for declaration of a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics major. The high failure rate indicates a structural problem that requires a structural intervention. The paper is coauthored with the teaching team, undergraduates who had taken the course, a graduate student who evaluated the class, and a community psychologist. We describe the ways that the new course, the College Math Academy, transformed the social environment through capacity building, providing access to valued resources for historically marginalized groups, facilitating opportunities to critique dominant power structures, prioritizing perspectives and experiences of people of color, and promoting understanding of how various social forces shape culture and values. The course also decentered white educational norms via adapting decoloniality and liberatory practices. In turn, each person describes their experience of the course. We draw on the first‐person accounts to show how they illustrate a transformative, decolonial, and liberatory social environment. We end with implications for how community psychologists can work in their universities to support structural change.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting
Authors: Garcia‐Rudolph Alejandro , Sauri Joan , Garcia‐Molina Alberto , Cegarra Blanca , Opisso Eloy , Tormos Josep Maria , Frey Dietmar , Madai Vince Istvan , Bernabeu Montserrat
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Even in nonpandemic times, persons with disabilities experience emotional and behavioral disturbances which are distressing for them and for their close persons. We aimed at comparing the levels of stress in emotional and behavioral aspects, before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as reported by informal family caregivers of individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke living in the community, considering two different stratifications of the recipients of care (cause and injury severity).

Methods

We conducted a STROBE‐compliant prospective observational study analyzing informal caregivers of individuals with stroke (IC‐STROKE) or traumatic brain injury (IC‐TBI).

IC‐STROKE and IC‐TBI were assessed in‐person before and during COVID‐19 online, using the Head Injury Behavior Scale (HIBS). The HIBS comprises behavioral and emotional subtotals (10 items each) and a total‐HIBS. Comparisons were performed using the McNemar's test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test or t‐test. Recipients of care were stratified according to their injury severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Results

One hundred twenty‐two informal caregivers (62.3% IC‐STROKE and 37.7% IC‐TBI) were assessed online between June 2020 and April 2021 and compared to their own assessments performed in‐person 1.74 ± 0.88 years before the COVID‐19 lockdown.

IC‐STROKE significantly increased their level of stress during COVID‐19 in five emotional items (impatience, frequent complaining, often disputes topics, mood change and overly sensitive) and in one behavioral item (overly dependent). IC‐TBI stress level only increased in one behavioral item (impulsivity).

By injury severity, (i) mild (14.7%) showed no significant differences in emotional and behavioral either total‐HIBS (ii) moderate (28.7%) showed significant emotional differences in two items (frequent complaining and mood change) and (iii) severe (56.6%) showed significant differences in emotional (often disputes topics) and behavioral (impulsivity) items.

Conclusions

Our results suggest specific items in which informal caregivers could be supported considering cause or severity of the recipients of care.
Application of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus as Bioinsecticides for the Management of Two Major Biting‐Sucking Insects (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Jacobiella fascialis Jacobi) and the Improvement of Seed and Fiber Quality of Cotton Plants in Ivory Coast
Authors: Kobenan Koffi Christophe , Kouakou Brou Julien , Kouakou Malanno , Kone Pitou Woklin Euloge , Sinan Ibrahime Kouadio , Zengin Gokhan , Didi Roland , Ochou Germain Elisabeth Cynthia , Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert , Menozzi Philippe , Ochou Ochou Germain , Dick Acka Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

In recent years, in all cotton production areas in Ivory Coast, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and jassid (Jacobiella facialis), two biting sucker insects were causing depreciation of quality of the cottonseed and fiber obtained at harvest. However, the excessive use of synthetic chemical insecticides against these pests presents a danger for the sustainability of the production system. This study aims to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus on B. tabaci and J. fascialis and on the technological parameters of the cottonseed and fiber. A field experiment was conducted in which essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. citratus were applied to cotton plants every two weeks from day 45 to 115 after emergence using a backpack sprayer. The effects of these extracts were compared to those of a synthetic chemical insecticide composed of acetamiprid and alphacypermethrin known under the trade name IBIS A 52 EC (positive control). After 160 days of cultivation where entomological data were collected, the seed cotton samples were harvested, ginned and submitted for analysis. O. gratissimum essential oil at concentrations of 1 and 5 % gave to the cotton plants better protection against whiteflies and jassids. In addition to the synthetic chemical, these cotton plants received a better proportion of healthy cottonseed, fat and a fiber with very good reflectivity. The essential oil of O. gratissimum could therefore be integrated into the phytosanitary protection programs of the cotton plant.
Avoiding Pyrolysis and Calcination: Advances in the Benign Routes Leading to MOF‐Derived Electrocatalysts
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Hou Shujin , Watzele Sebastian A. , Garlyyev Batyr , Li Weijin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Fischer Roland A.
Published: December 2021

Taking cognizance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 “affordable and clean energy”, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and derived materials have spurred research interest in electrocatalysis. New findings have made headway in water splitting (oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction) and other electrocatalysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Thanks to their structural versatility and compositional modularity, MOFs offer bespoke design paradigms for electrocatalyst development. Albeit most advances in this area are predicated upon direct carbonization (pyrolysis) of MOFs/MOF composites, eschewing these energy‐intensive and high‐cost methods, this review summarizes all recent advances in MOF‐based electrocatalysts exclusively prepared through indirect post‐treatments.
1,2,3‐Tri(9‐anthryl)benzene: Photophysical Properties and Solid‐State Intermolecular Interactions of Radially Arranged, Congested Aromatic π‐Planes**
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Sotome Hikaru , Shimizu Kazuto , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Kubo Takashi
Published: December 2021

We report the Negishi coupling based synthesis of 1,2,3‐tri(9‐anthryl)benzene derivatives containing three radially arranged anthracenes in a π‐cluster. In the crystalline state of the unsubstituted derivative, intermolecular π–π and CH–π interactions between the anthracene units drive the formation of the two‐dimensional packing structure. Owing to though‐space π‐conjugation between anthracene units, the substances have unique electronic properties. The excited‐state dynamic behavior occurring between the three anthracene moieties, such as exciton localization/delocalization, was elucidated by means of transient absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations. Interestingly, even though the three anthracenes are closely oriented with approximately 3.0 Å between their C‐9 positions, exciton localization on two anthracene units is energetically favorable because of the flexible nature of the radially arranged aromatic rings.
Autonomous Processes in Particle Technology
Authors: Nirschl Hermann , Winkler Marvin , Sinn Tabea , Menesklou Philipp
Published: December 2021

Battery materials, pharmaceuticals, solar cells, coffee powder, 3D printed components, etc., all these products have in common that they are predominantly made of particles. Ensuring high product quality with optimal raw material and energy utilization is only possible with extensive and many years of experience in the operation of such processes. This unsatisfactory situation is due to the complexity of particulate products, which still hinders extensive automation and autonomous process control. The challenge is to couple the respective basic operations with characterization devices, process dynamics and modern control algorithms to form a closed loop for process control. As a result, some day it should be possible to set the desired property profiles of particulate products with the most energy‐ and raw material‐efficient operation possible with a “push of a button”.
Pressurized Sample Infusion
Authors: Thomas Gilian T. , Donnecke Sofia , Chagunda Ian C. , McIndoe J. Scott
Published: December 2021

Pressurized sample infusion (PSI) is a simple and effective means of continuously introducing a solution to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) source. It allows for acquisition of real‐time data in an air‐ and moisture‐free environment and requires minimal additional infrastructure. It is applicable for use for any reaction in which one or more components are detectable by ESI‐MS and for which time‐course information is desired over a time scale of seconds to minutes. The strengths and weaknesses of the method are critically examined, and technique tips and tricks are provided to enable maximal effectiveness when employing this approach to continuous monitoring of complex reaction mixtures.
Rapid Kinetic Screening via Transient Timesweep Experiments in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Van Herck Joren , Junkers Tanja
Published: December 2021

Kinetic screenings and optimization of chemical reactions are of utmost importance to develop an understanding of underlaying reaction mechanisms. From a more practical point of view, they are needed to obtain a final product under the most efficient and optimal conditions possible. Flow chemistry and reaction automation are an excellent combination to reach these aims. Exploiting features of both concepts generate a highly efficient screening method. Monitoring the reaction during the transient stabilization from flow rate A to flow rate B results in a continuous sweep through all intermediate residence times. Real‐time analysis of the timesweeps gives a full kinetic profile of the chemical transformation carried out in the flow reactor.
Hybrid camouflage pattern generation using neural style transfer method
Authors: Daneshvar Elaheh , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Zhang Yu‐Jin
Published: December 2021

Manipulating existing camouflage patterns is a challenging issue in the process of camouflage pattern design. In this article, we present an effective approach based on the neural style transfer method to generate a hybrid camouflage pattern by manipulating two given camouflage patterns. Using a convolutional network trained on image recognition, content and style are represented by the correlations between feature maps in several layers of the network. In this regard, we utilized different commonly used camouflage patterns as content and style images. Then, by performing the style transfer algorithm on selected camouflage patterns, a new hybrid camouflage pattern was generated. The hybrid pattern inherits the appearance features of the content and the style images. Also, the colors of the hybrid pattern were controlled by carefully selecting the input colors. It was concluded that the proposed method is useful for adding or deleting some features of an existing camouflage pattern. In fact, it is a professional tool for pixelating, depixelating, blurring, and gradual coloring of camouflage patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid camouflage patterns using visual assessment. The results of the subjective assessment show that the proposed method is efficient for generating successful camouflage patterns.
Scientific literacy and agency within the Chilean science curriculum: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Guerrero Gonzalo R. , Torres‐Olave Betzabé
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyse the concepts of scientific literacy and agency in two official documents of the Chilean science curriculum. We used Fairclough's three dimensional model as critical lenses, based on critical discourse analysis, where every discursive event can be analysed: (i) as a text, (ii) as a discursive practice and (iii) as a social practice. The research questions were: ‘How are the different visions of scientific literacy operating and being promoted within the Chilean science curriculum?’ and ‘How is student and teacher agency declared in those documents?’ By understanding the curriculum as a dialectical process, as a social event between planning, executing, and evaluating education, we evidence tensions among different visions and paradigms for both concepts (scientific literacy and agency), specifically, in the transition from one cycle to another in secondary education. The first document has a predominantly neoliberal approach to scientific literacy and the second one presents a focus on citizenship, democracy, and social justice. As a social practice, in both documents, teachers appear under the idea of curriculum implementers, to a certain extent, based on a banking model where teachers are containers to receive someone else's curriculum expertise. The preceding imbalance raises potential tensions based on teacher performance and on student agency. Specifically, students must transition from a passive role and then consider themselves as active subjects who question how to produce knowledge, understanding their role within environmental conflicts within current socio‐political structures for instance.
Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem
Authors: Boyce Daniel G. , Petrie Brian , Frank Kenneth T.
Published: December 2021

Since 1960, landings of Atlantic herring have been the greatest of any marine species in Canada, surpassing Atlantic cod and accounting for 24% of the total seafood harvested in Atlantic Canada. The Scotian Shelf‐Bay of Fundy herring fisheries (NAFO Division 4VWX) is among Canada's oldest and drives this productivity, accounting for up to 75% of the total herring catch in some years. The stocks’ productivity and overall health have declined since 1965. Despite management measures to promote recovery implemented since 2003, biomass remains low and is declining. The factors that drive the productivity of 4VWX herring are primarily unresolved, likely impeding the effectiveness of management actions on this stock. We evaluated potential drivers of herring variability by analyzing 52 time‐series that describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the 4VWX herring population and the physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors that could affect them using structural equation models. Variation in herring biomass was best accounted for by the exploitation rate's negative effect and the geographic distribution of fishing and recruitment. Thermal phenology and temperature adversely and egg predation positively impacted the early life stage mortality rate and, ultimately, adult biomass. These findings are broadly relevant to fisheries management, but particularly for 4VWX herring, where the current management approach does not consider their early life stage dynamics or assess them within the ecosystem or climate change contexts.
Demonstration of a multi‐species, multi‐response state‐and‐transition model approach for wildlife management
Authors: Long Ashley M. , Colón Melanie R. , Morrison Michael L. , Mathewson Heather A.
Published: December 2021

Land management agencies have collaborated to standardize assessments of rangeland health. These assessments incorporate state‐and‐transition concepts of ecosystem function using ecological site descriptions (ESDs) initially developed to provide information on the soil, topography, climate, and vegetation at areas of interest. Combined, ESDs and state‐and‐transition models (STMs) describe existing and potential plant community dynamics. Unlike previous methods used to assess rangeland health, STMs take into account that multiple states exist in space and time across sites and that reversible and directional changes in vegetation can occur in response to factors such as fire, erosion, weather, and management activities. Wildlife responses are seldom incorporated into this framework. However, combining STMs, ESDs, and species‐specific habitat use and demographic data could provide land managers with tools that classify current ecosystem conditions, predict vegetative change, and inform management for maintaining or improving key habitat features for species of interest. To demonstrate a multi‐species, multi‐response STM approach for wildlife management, we quantified vegetation structure and composition as a function of time since prescribed burning and wildfire in four geographically distinct study areas. We found no significant differences in the topographic or vegetative characteristics of ecological sites within our study areas. Thus, we visualized habitat use and demographic data for our two avian study species, the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) and the black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla), along with plant community transformations, in a single STM per study area. Our research demonstrates how STMs could be operationalized for wildlife management in such a way that accounts for co‐occurring species with contrasting habitat requirements. In addition, our approach further illustrates how STMs could provide land managers with guidance to minimize the negative effects or enhance the positive effects of disturbance and management activities on wildlife.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Boron‐Lewis Acids – Thorough Investigation of the Adduct Formation with Pyrimidine
Authors: Rudlof Jens , Glodde Timo , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2021

Three bifunctional boron‐Lewis acids based on a 1,2‐diethynylbenzene backbone were synthesized using a tin‐boron exchange protocol in good to very good yields. Complexation experiments with pyrimidine were thoroughly investigated using the example of 1,2‐bis(benzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol‐2‐ylethynyl)benzene (3) in solution, in the solid phase and by quantum‐chemical calculations. Two adducts were structurally investigated by X‐ray diffraction experiments. DOSY‐/VT‐NMR experiments gave insight into the dynamic behaviour of the synthesized poly‐Lewis acids with pyrimidine.
Syntheses and Structures of Protonated Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J.
Published: December 2021

Acetylenedicarboxylic acid (C4H2O4) was protonated in the binary superacidic systems HF/MF5 (M=As, Sb). Depending on the stoichiometric ratio of Lewis acid and acetylenedicarboxylic acid mono‐ and diprotonated acetylenedicarboxylic acid was obtained. The salts of diprotonated acetylenedicarboxylic acid were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and in case of [C4H4O4][SbF6]2 by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with four formula units per unit cell. Furthermore, salts of monoprotonated acetylenedicarboxylic acid were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The salts [C4H3O4][AsF6] and [C4H3O4][SbF6] crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with four formula units per unit cell. The monoprotonation is better described as a twofold hemiprotonation of acetylenedicarboxylic acid. The experimental results are discussed together with quantum chemical calculations.
Access to Pyrrolocoumarins through DBU‐Mediated Coupling of 2‐Oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehydes and Phenacyl Azides
Authors: Borkotoky Lodsna , Borra Satheesh , Maurya Ram Awatar
Published: December 2021

1,8‐Diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) mediated annulation of 4‐(benzylthio/arylthio)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehydes with phenacyl azides for the synthesis of biologically relevant pyrrolocoumarins was developed. This operationally simple and unique synthetic strategy allows the formation of desired pyrrolocoumarin in good yields (67‐84 %), and generates a new C−C and C−N bond in the overall process.
Retraction: Neodymium and Praseodymium Doped Perovskite Materials for Highly Stable CuInS2‐Hole‐Transport Layer‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Gharibi Saideh , Maleki Ali , Akin Seckin , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: December 2021

“Neodymium and Praseodymium Doped Perovskite Materials for Highly Stable CuInS2‐Hole‐Transport Layer‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells”

by R. Taheri‐Ledari, S. Gharibi, A. Maleki, S. Akin, and A.E. Shalan

Energy Technol., 2022, 2100936.

The above article, published online on 15 December 2021 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the former journal Editor in Chief John Uhlrich, the interim Editor in Chief Till von Graberg, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Data irregularities in Figures 2b and 5b were pointed out by authors S. Akin, A. E. Shalan and corroborated by peer review from a specialist in the experimental technique. The authors were unable to provide the complete original data to restore confidence in these results. The retraction was necessary as the validity of the conclusions is substantially affected by these irregularities. While S.A. and A.E.S. agreed with the decision to retract the manuscript, R.T.L., A.M., and S.G. did not.

Author contributions:

R.T.L: Wrote the manuscript and interpreted the analyses. He has also drawn the graphics used in the manuscript.

S.G: Performed all practical stages and provided the analyses.

A.M: Managed all stages of the work, and financially supported the expenditures (Supervisor).

S.A: Revised the manuscript and addressed the reviewers' comments.

A.E.S: Edited the manuscript and improved the English presentation.
Heat exchanger design considering variable overall heat transfer coefficient: An artificial neural network approach
Authors: Hernández‐Gil Jordy A. , Colorado‐Garrido Dario , Alaffita‐Hernández F. Alejandro , Escobedo‐Trujillo Beatris A.
Published: December 2021

This study presents an artificial neural network approach in combination with numerical methods to calculate the heat transfer area assuming a nonlinear variation of the global heat transfer coefficient as a consequence of the thermophysical properties of the fluids, the geometry of the surfaces, and other factors. The development of the article is presented in two applications. The first application takes up the database described by Allan P. Colburn, four possibilities are proposed using functions from the field of artificial neural networks to create several approaches. The second application is presented to verify the goodness of the proposed methodology, the artificial neural network model is applied in an experimental data set of double‐pipe vertical heat exchangers, the comparison between the calculated and experimental heat transfer area shows a relative percentage error smaller than 2.8%. The results in the applications are evidence of the competitiveness of the artificial neural network for the prediction of the heat transfer area considering a variable overall heat transfer coefficient.
The analogy of nanoparticle shapes on the theory of convective heat transfer of Au–Fe3O4 Casson hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Puneeth Venkatesh , Baby Ammani Kuttan , Manjunatha S.
Published: December 2021

In recent times, Au nanoparticles have been commonly used for delivering the drug especially in the case of hypothermia of tumors, but low absorption of IR light does not solve destruction of tumor cells. However, nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 coated with Au could be used to deliver the drug to a specific spot due to applied external magnetic field. Due to these applications, boundary layer approximation is invoked to simplify the mathematical model. This paper presents the nanoparticle shape analysis and heat transfer features of the Au–Fe3O4–blood hybrid nanofluid flowing past a stretching surface on a magnetohydrodynamic medium. Numerical solutions of nonlinear differential equations are obtained by RKF‐45 method with the help of shooting technique. The behavior of emerging parameters is described graphically for velocity and temperature profiles. It is found that the blade‐shaped Au and Fe3O4 nanoparticles have better thermal conductance than brick, sphere, cylinder, needle, and platelet shapes. It is also observed that the Lorentz force generated due to magnetic field helps in controlling the flow and enhance the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluid.
Diabetic kidney disease‐predisposing proinflammatory and profibrotic genes identified by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA)
Authors: Chen Jing , Luo Shi‐Fu , Yuan Xin , Wang Mi , Yu Hai‐Jie , Zhang Zheng , Yang Yong‐Yu
Published: December 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes. Despite enormous efforts, the underlying underpinnings of DKD remain incompletely appreciated. We sought to perform novel and informative bioinformatic analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of DKD. The gene expression profiles of GSE142025, GSE30528, and GSE30529 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After the GSE142025 data set was preprocessed, a gene co‐expression network was constructed by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and hub genes were selected in the key modules. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated commonly were identified between the GSE30528 and GSE30529 datasets. Then, pathway and process enrichment analysis were performed for hub genes and commonly upregulated DEGs. Next, candidate targets were identified by comparing hub genes to commonly upregulated DEGs. Finally, reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was carried out to validate the expression of candidate targets, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. A total of 17 modules were clustered by WGCNA, and the most significant turquoise module was selected. Based upon MM > 0.7 and GM > 0.7, 313 hub genes were screened out in turquoise module. Functional analysis of these 313 genes demonstrated their enrichment in pathways involved in leukocyte differentiation, cell morphogenesis, lymphocyte activation, vascular development, collagen synthesis, chemotaxis, and chemokine signaling. A total of 115 commonly upregulated DEGs were identified between the GSE30528 and GSE30529 datasets. Intriguingly, a total of six proinflammatory and profibrotic candidate targets were selected and validated in DKD mice in vivo, including CCR2, MOXD1, COL6A3, COL1A2, PYCARD, and C7. Based on WGCNA and DEG analysis of DKD datasets, six DKD‐predisposing candidate targets were uncovered. The data suggest that inflammation and fibrosis are key mechanisms of DKD, and future studies may determine the causal link between the six proinflammatory and profibrotic genes and DKD.
Scaling up conservation agriculture: An exploration of challenges and opportunities through a stakeholder engagement process
Authors: Reimer A. , Doll J. E. , Boring T. J. , Zimnicki T.
Published: December 2021

Increasing the resilience of agricultural landscapes requires fundamental changes to the dominant commodity production model, including incorporating practices such as reduced tillage, cover cropping, and extended rotations that reduce soil disturbance while increasing biological diversity. Increasing farmer adoption of these conservation systems offers the potential to transform agriculture to a more vibrant, resilient system that protects soil, air, and water quality. Adoption of these resilience practices is not without significant challenges. This paper presents findings from a participatory effort to better understand these challenges and to develop solutions to help producers overcome them. Through repeated, facilitated discussions with farmers and agricultural and conservation professionals across the U.S. state of Michigan, we confronted the policy, economic, and structural barriers that are inhibiting broader adoption of conservation systems, as well as identified policies, programs, and markets that can support their adoption. What emerged was a complex picture and dynamic set of challenges at multiple spatial scales and across multiple domains. The primary themes emerging from these discussions were barriers and opportunities, including markets, social networks, human capital, and conservation programs. Exacerbating the technical, agronomic, and economic challenges farmers face at the farm level, there are a host of community constraints, market access and availability problems, climatic and environmental changes, and policies (governmental and corporate) that cross‐pressure farmers when it comes to making conservation decisions. Understanding these constraints is critical to developing programs, policies, and state and national investments that can drive adoption of conservation agriculture.
Shadow economy threshold effect in the relationship finance–growth in Tunisia: A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach
Authors: Mhadhbi Khalil , Terzi Chokri
Published: December 2021

This paper tracks the financial growth in Tunisia over the period 1984–2016 with a special focus on the shadow economy. Using Tanzi's measures, we worked on a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to test the impact of the informal economy. The results suggest that the long‐run effect of the financial growth becomes negative if there is a positive change in the shadow economy and the opposite holds. While changes in the shadow economy have no significant influence on the links between financial development and economic growth in the short run, they play a significant role in the Tunisian economy in the long run.
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction alters the midfoot mechanics and energetics during gait
Authors: Wuite Sander , Deschamps Kevin , Eerdekens Maarten , Scheys Lennart , Loomans Laura , A. Matricali Giovanni
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive insight into the in vivo foot kinetics of patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is lacking to support clinical decision making. Our goal was to study how PTTD alters the kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the foot and ankle with a special focus on the midfoot joints. Multisegment foot joint kinetics and kinematics were compared based on the Rizzoli Foot Model and inversed dynamics between a control group (n = 25), patients with PTTD Stage II (n = 21) and PTTD Stage III (n = 4) over the entire stance phase. Compared to controls, a mean decrease in power generation of 1.3 W/kg was found in the Ankle joint in PTTD II patients (p < 0.001) and PTTD III patients of 1.5 W/kg (p < 0.001). In the Chopart joint, there was a mean increase in power absorption of 0.4 W/kg in the PTTD III patients (p = 0.014) and a mean decrease in power generation of 0.6 W/kg (p < 0.001) in the PTTD II patients. The distribution of total negative work showed a shift from the Ankle and first metatarsal phalangeal joint towards the Chopart joint in both PTTD compared with the control subjects. A significant reduction in range of motion was observed among both PTTD groups. The outcome of this study will enable the possibility to customize the conservative and surgical treatment of each patient with PTTD, to improve or even restore the kinetic features. This will prevent the natural deterioration of function seen in this pathology.
Use of computer tomography imaging for analyzing bone remodeling around a percutaneous osseointegrated implant
Authors: Wankier Zakary , Taylor Carolyn , Drew Alex , Kubiak Erik , Agarwal Jayant , Sinclair Sarina
Published: December 2021

Osseointegration (OI) is being used for the direct skeletal attachment of prosthetic limbs using an intramedullary stem that extends percutaneously from the subject's residual limb. For this technology to be successful, bone ingrowth and remodeling around the implant must occur. Physicians need an effective way to assess bone remodeling to make informed treatment and rehabilitation decisions. Previous studies utilizing two‐dimensional imaging X‐ray as a tool to monitor bone‐remodeling around OI devices have limitations. This study describes methodology that was developed utilizing computed tomography (CT) imaging as a tool for analyzing bone remodeling around a percutaneous OI implant. Six transfemoral amputees implanted with a percutaneous osseointegrated prosthesis (POP) had CT scans taken of their residual femur at 6 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Three‐dimensional femoral models were processed using custom MATLAB script to collect cortical and medullary morphology measurements. Morphology data from 6‐ and 52‐week scans were compared to quantify bone remodeling around the POP implant. Fifty‐two weeks after implantation of the POP device, increases in cortical bone area and thickness were observed around the porous‐coated stem. Minimal changes were observed in the medullary canal parameters within the periprosthetic regions. This study successfully utilized CT imaging and three‐dimensional modeling techniques to analyze longitudinal data of bone remodeling around a transfemoral percutaneous implant. These methods have the potential to be used as a clinical tool for evaluating orthopedic implants in vivo. Data collected suggests that the POP device achieved the desired bone remodeling around the porous‐coated region of the implanted stem.
Semi‐active control of metal foam magnetorheological damper
Authors: Yan W. , Huina H. , Wang X. , Xu B. , He Y. , Liu X.
Published: December 2021

A new type of foam metal magnetorheological damper is designed, and its performance in semi‐active control is investigated. At first, magnetorheological fluid is stored in the pore of metal foam, and with the action of magnetic field, magnetorheological fluid is extracted from metal foam, and then fills up the shear gap to produce magnetorheological effect. The magnetic field density in the shear gap is studied by the software Ansys finite element method, the magnetic flux density in the working gap is obtained in the different exciting current. A testing rig, including the vibration generator, laser displacement sensor, proportion integration differentiation control and cantilever beam, is built to investigate the semi‐active control performance of metal foam magnetorheological fluid damper. The result indicates that metal foam magnetorheological fluid damper has a good controllable damping property. When the exciting current is about compared with the vibration amplitude of cantilever beam magnetorheological fluid damper the vibration amplitude without foam metal magnetorheological fluid, the displacement of cantilever beam decreases by 44.4 %, which validates the semi‐active control effect of the foam metal magnetorheological fluid damper.
A two‐step accelerated Landweber‐type iteration regularization algorithm for sparse reconstruction of electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: December 2021

The image reconstruction of conductivity distribution in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a seriously ill‐posed inverse problem, which is easily affected by measurement noise. In this paper, we present a two‐step Landweber‐type iteration method and its accelerated version for sparse reconstruction of Jacobian‐based EIT problem. We aim at reconstructing a finite number of simply and small inclusions embedded at the homogeneous background conductivity. The sparsity of the inclusions with respect to the spacial domain is a prior assumed. This method we propose here contains the two‐step line searches, corresponding to the Landweber step and the approximate Landweber step equipped with a novel step parameter, respectively. To validate the advantage of the proposed method, numerical simulations have been carried out. Also, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are conducted. The results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the number of iterations and computational time needed to match an appropriate stopping criterion, relative to the conventional (one‐step) Landweber method. The performed numerical simulations show that our method is promising.
Effects of Pelleted and Extruded Diets of Different Protein Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, Nonspecific Immunity, and Ammonia-N Stress Tolerance of Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp
Authors: Hu Bing
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pelleted and extruded diets of different protein levels on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, nonspecific immunity, and ammonia-N stress tolerance of postlarval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were fed six diets, including extruded diets with dietary 41% protein (E41), 43% protein (E43), and 46% protein (E46) and pelleted diets with dietary 41% protein (P41), 43% protein (P43), and 46% protein (P46), for 60 d. The Pacific white shrimp that consumed diets with 43% and 46% protein had significantly higher final body weight, specific growth rate, and protease activity than those that consumed diets with 41% protein regardless of processing methods. The shrimp that consumed the extruded diets showed significantly higher final body weight, specific growth rate, and protease activity than those that consumed the pelleted diets when 41% and 43% protein were supplemented in the diets. The shrimp that consumed the extruded diets had significantly higher alpha-amylase activity in the hepatopancreas than those that consumed the pelleted diets regardless of dietary protein levels. The extruded diet and dietary 43% and 46% protein showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, nonspecific immunity-related indices, and acute ammonia-N stress resistance when compared with the pelleted diets and dietary 41% protein, respectively. These results suggest that dietary 43% and 46% protein can promote the growth performance and enhance the digestive and antioxidant capacities, nonspecific immunity, and ammonia-N resistance of Pacific white shrimp and that the extrusion process is a better method for promoting the growth performance and enhancing the digestive capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, nonspecific immunity, and ammonia-N resistance of Pacific white shrimp.
Study on the relationship between sarcopenia and its components and anorexia in elderly maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Lin , He Li , Zhang Yingjun , Chen Hui , Liu Yuan , Tang Sikai , Zheng Haotian
Published: December 2021

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the current situation of sarcopenia and anorexia of elderly maintenance haemodialysis patients and analyse the influencing factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used in this study.

Methods

One hundred and twelve elderly patients on MHD in 3 haemodialysis centres in Sichuan, China, were selected. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Anorexia was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Anorexia Cachexia Therapy/Anorexia Cachexia Subscale (FAACT/ACS). The relationship between sarcopenia and anorexia was analysed by logistic regression.

Results

The prevalences of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in elderly MHD patients were 52.7% and 39.3%, respectively, and the prevalence of anorexia was 25.9%. Severe sarcopenia was independently associated with anorexia, and weekly exercise frequency was independently associated with anorexia. The low SMI value and slow gait speed were strongly associated with anorexia. This study complied with the STROBE checklist.
From axial codes to Z‐scores: Charting the diversity and scope of 25 years of nonprofit marketing research published in International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing
Authors: Waters Richard D. , Auger Giselle A. , Bortree Denise Sevick
Published: December 2021

The International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing published practitioner and scholarly research for 25 years before it was rebranded to the Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing. This research uses an emergent content analysis design to review all 629 research articles published in the first 25 volumes to document the field's marketing, theoretical, and methodological interests. This article provides important benchmark numbers to compare how the field evolves as the rebranded journal moves forward with a broader topical range.