bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Controlling the Unusual Oil Composition Distribution in the Bangestan Reservoir, Dezful Embayment, SW Iran
Authors: Soleimani M. , Soleimani B. , Alizadeh B. , Zakizadeh E.
Published: July 2020

—Petroleum geochemical characteristics are a major parameter of hydrocarbon field development. The present study is an attempt to decipher the unusual Bangestan (Cretaceous age) oil distribution throughout the Ahvaz oil field, SW Iran, based on the SARA test and GC–MS analysis of selected oil samples. The results indicated that all analyzed oils belong to the paraffinic group. Hydrocarbon indicators, such as tricyclic triterpane C22/C21 (high), C24/C23 and C26/C25 (low), and hopane C31R/C30 (high) ratios and C25/C26 ratio vs. C25/C26 tet ratio, show that these oils are sourced from carbonate–marl rocks. The high saturation/aromatic hydrocarbon ratio in these oil samples may be related to long migration or high maturity. The biomarker variation exhibits a marine environment for the source rocks deposition. The observed oil maturity trend is showing a good correlation with the prevailing geothermal gradient and possible basement faults and fractured system. The increasing oil maturity in the eastern part of the field may be related to a heat flow anomaly. It seems that the area around well C (the area of wells C, D, or E) can be considered a petrochemical separator of fluids for two sides of the field. Therefore, it can be concluded that the observed petrochemical pattern is a complicated response of several factors: the presence of a palaeohigh, basement-controlled faults, petroleum source rocks, fractured system, and geothermal gradient variation in this deep reservoir.
Parent Perceptions and Experiences Regarding Medication Education at Time of Hospital Discharge for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Gold Jessica M. , Chadwick Whitney , Gustafson Melissa , Valenzuela Riveros Luisa F. , Mello Ashley , Nasr Annette
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Children with medical complexity (CMC) often require complex medication regimens. Medication education on hospital discharge should provide a critical safety check before medication management transitions from hospital to family. Current discharge processes may not meet the needs of CMC and their families. The objective of this study is to describe parent perspectives and priorities regarding discharge medication education for CMC.

METHODS:

We performed a qualitative, focus-group–based study, using ethnography. Parents of hospitalized CMC were recruited to participate in 1 of 4 focus groups; 2 were in Spanish. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and then coded and organized into themes by using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four parents participated in focus groups, including 12 native English speakers and 12 native Spanish speakers. Parents reported a range of 0 to 18 medications taken by their children (median 4). Multiple themes emerged regarding parental ideals for discharge medication education: (1) information quality, including desire for complete, consistent information, in preferred language; (2) information delivery, including education timing, and delivery by experts; (3) personalization of information, including accounting for literacy of parents and level of information desired; and (4) self-efficacy, or education resulting in parents’ confidence to conduct medical plans at home.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents of CMC have a range of needs and preferences regarding discharge medication education. They share a desire for high-quality education provided by experts, enabling them to leave the hospital confident in their ability to care for their children once home. These perspectives could inform initiatives to improve discharge medication education for all patients, including CMC.
Complexity of Documentation Needs for Children With Medical Complexity: Implications for Hospital Providers
Authors: Abebe Ephrem , Scanlon Matthew C. , Chen Haozhi , Yu Denny
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Care coordination is a core component of pediatric complex care programs (CCPs) supporting children with medical complexity (CMC) and their families. In this study, we aim to describe the purpose and characteristics of clinical care notes used within a pediatric CCP.

METHODS:

We conducted observations of provider-family interactions during CCP clinic visits and 5 focus groups with members of the CCP. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Field observation notes and focus group transcripts were subjected to qualitative content analyses.

RESULTS:

Four major themes help characterize clinical care notes: (1) Diversity of note types and functions: program staff author and use a number of unique note types shared across multiple stakeholders, including clinicians, families, and payers. (2) motivations for care note generation are different and explain how, why, and where they are created. (3) Program staff roles and configuration vary in relation to care note creation and use. (4) Sources of information for creating and updating notes are also diverse. Given the disparate information sources, integrating and maintaining up-to-date information for the child is challenging. To minimize information gaps, program staff devised unique but resource-intensive strategies, such as accompanying families during specialty clinic visits or visiting them inpatient.

CONCLUSIONS:

CMC have complex documentation needs demonstrated by a variety of professional roles, care settings, and stakeholders involved in the generation and use of notes. Multiple opportunities exist to redesign and streamline the existing notes to support the cognitive work of clinicians providing care for CMC.
Uncertainty: An Uncomfortable Companion to Decision-making for Infants
Authors: Krick Jeanne A. , Hogue Jacob S. , Reese Tyler R. , Studer Matthew A.
Published: July 2020

Although parents are typically the most appropriate decision-makers for their children, there are limits to this authority. Medical providers may be ethically obligated to seek state intervention against a parental decision if the parent places a child at significant and imminent risk of serious harm. When parents make medical decisions for their children, they assess both the projected benefits and risks of their choices for their family. These assessments are impacted by uncertainty, which is a common feature of neonatal intensive care. The relative presence or absence of uncertainty may impact perceptions of parental decisions and a medical provider’s decision to seek state intervention to overrule parents. In this article, we propose a model integrating prognostic uncertainty into pediatric decision-making that may aid providers in such assessments. We will demonstrate how to apply this model to 3 neonatal cases and propose that the presence of greater uncertainty ought to permit parents greater latitude to incorporate family values into their decision-making even if these decisions are contradictory to the recommendations of the medical team.
Ethical Issues Raised by the Media Portrayal of Adolescent Transplant Refusals
Authors: Ross Lainie Friedman
Published: July 2020

Cases of adolescents in organ failure who refuse solid organ transplant are not common, but several have been discussed in the media in the United States and the United Kingdom. Using the framework developed by Buchanan and Brock for surrogate decision-making, I examine what role the adolescent should morally play when deciding about therapy for life-threatening conditions. I argue that the greater the efficacy of treatment, the less voice the adolescent (and the parent) should have. I then consider how refusals of highly effective transplant cases are similar to and different from refusals of other lifesaving therapies (eg, chemotherapy for leukemia), which is more commonly discussed in the media and medical literature. I examine whether organ scarcity and the need for lifelong immunosuppression justify differences in whether the state intervenes when an adolescent and his or her parents refuse a transplant. I argue that the state, as parens patriae, has an obligation to provide the social supports needed for a successful transplant and follow-up treatment plan, although family refusals may be permissible when the transplant is experimental or of low efficacy because of comorbidities or other factors. I conclude by discussing the need to limit media coverage of pediatric treatment refusals.
Jahi McMath: Lessons Learned
Authors: Scott Maya
Published: July 2020

Jahi McMath’s story has been an important reference in medicine and ethics as the landscape of the understanding of death by neurologic criteria is shifting, with families actively questioning the once-firm criterion. Palliative care providers have a role in seeking understanding and collaborating with families and clinical teams to navigate the many challenges that arise when a medical team has determined that a child has died, and their parents disagree. In this case-based narrative discussion we consider the complexity of the family experience of brain death.
Factors Associated with the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Nunes Filipe de Souza , Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Viana Vanessa dos Santos , Da Silva Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge , Rodrigues Kinberlyn Pereira , Vieira Igor Soares , Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo Saquete , Santos Thiago de Santana
Published: July 2020

Different factors can influence the perception of quality of life in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study investigated the factors associated with quality of life related to oral health in children with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of their parents. A cross-sectional study was carried out with Brazilian children from specialized institutions and their respective guardians. Data were collected through medical records, application of instruments and oral clinical examination (n=92). Most children had poor oral hygiene (64.10%) and a high caries experience (59.8%). The mothers' perception of quality of life related to oral health was low, however there was an association of greater perception when they had low education, female child, less brushing frequency and history of breastfeeding (p≤0.05). Although the perception of quality of life was low, the oral condition found evidences the need to promote oral health education actions with children with intellectual disabilities and their respective guardians.
Investigation of the mechanical behavior of a two-phase Mg-Ni compound during fast compression
Authors: Aptukov V. N , Skryabina N. E , Fruchart D.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of using a pressing process well known in metallurgy as forging. However, here the Fast Forging process is used as a new way to synthesize materials having e.g. a high hydrogen sorption capacity. Firstly, the method allows delivering a final consolidated product from the initial Mg and Ni powdered elements during pressing. Secondly, it enables a phase transformation, i.e. synthesizing the Mg2Ni binary phase from the initial Mg-Ni mixture of powders, which is a unique result. It is established that the key point in the formation of the binary phase in a sample is the temperature of the Fast Forging. The temperature increase (below the level of the eutectic transition) leads to an almost full consumption of free Ni and the resulting presence of the Mg2Ni phase in the material without melting the work piece. In order to determine the optimal deformation conditions with the goal to obtain a maximum Mg2Ni phase content in the sample, a 2D calculation model of the cell is built with an arbitrary distribution of different-sized Ni particles among the Mg ones. The numerical simulation of the adiabatic compression of the cell up to an average strain of 80-90 % shows that except for preheating the sample chamber, it is necessary to account for the rise of еру sample’s temperature created with the hammer impact during the Fast Forging. It is found that when increasing the initial temperature from 20 °C to 400 °C, the contribution of the additional heat during the intense plastic deformation decreases progressively. The numerical simulation results of the temperature increase within the contact zone of the two types Mg and Ni particles are presented. The deformation fields are determined in the used 2D model cell, which makes it possible to evaluate the system’s mechanical behavior during the Fast Forging process. The calculation results are found in an excellent agreement with the experimental ones.
A variant of the thermoplasticity theory for monotonic and cyclic processes of nonisothermal loads
Authors: Bondar V. S , Abashev D. R , Fomin D. Yu
Published: July 2020

We revealed some features and differences in isotropic and anisotropic hardening under monotonic and cyclic loads by analyzing the experimental results of the samples made of 12X18H10T stainless steel under a rigid (controlled) deformation process, which includes a sequence of monotonic and cyclic loading modes under uniaxial tension-compression and different temperature levels. To describe these features with the theory of thermoplasticity, which belongs to the class of flow theories for combined hardening, a memory surface is introduced in the space of the plastic strain tensor components that separates the processes of monotonic and cyclic deformations. The main assumptions and equations of the thermoplasticity theory are formulated. To describe the transition from the monotonic to the cyclic and from the cyclic to the monotonic deformations, the evolutionary equations are formulated for the parameters of isotropic and anisotropic hardening. The basic experiment, which determined the material functions, consists of three stages, such as cyclic loading, monotonic loading and the subsequent cyclic up to destruction. The method of identifying the material functions based on the results of the basic experiment is considered. The material functions that close the thermoplasticity theory at different temperature levels are determined for 12X18H10T stainless steel due to the basic experiment and identification method. We considered the results of the computational and experimental studies of the rigid cyclic deformation under isothermal and non-isothermal loadings up to destruction of 12X18H10T stainless steel. The kinetics of the stress range and the average stress during isothermal and non-isothermal cyclic loadings are analyzed. A reliable compliance of the computational and experimental results is obtained.
The grain structure refinement of metals and alloys under severe plastic deformation: experimental data and analysis of mechanisms
Authors: Ostanina T. V , Shveykin A. I , Trusov P. V
Published: July 2020

Wide opportunities of using fine-grained materials as structural and functional materials with advanced physical and mechanical properties have proved the importance of improving the existing technology and creating new processing methods and treatment conditions for such ma-terials. At the same time, a preliminary theoretical analysis using mathematical models gives an opportunity to significantly reduce the cost of such experimental studies. Thus, it is necessary to develop multilevel models of polycrystalline metals and alloys based on crystal plasticity with the description of structure, deformation mechanisms and refinement at various scale levels. To con-struct a correct model of such a class, it is necessary to analyze information and arrange a large amount of experimental data about grain structure refinement. The article presents a review of the experimental studies describing and analyzing the grain structure refinement during severe plastic deformations of various metal alloys. The refine-ment mainly occurs at low temperatures that are a priori lower than the temperatures at which re-crystallization becomes an important factor and the solid-state phase transitions may take place. We have summarized the significant physical mechanisms of the grain refinement during cold deformation based on the arranged experimental data from the review. All the considered articles pay attention to the local accumulation of lattice dislocations inside the grains (in the form of flat clusters), which leads to the lattice curvature and separation of grains into cells. As a result of a further accumulation of dislocations in the walls, there comes an increase in misorientation of the neighboring cells. The curved lattice is unstable (it seems clear that the flat clusters become a source of such curvatures) and relaxes with the formation and movement of the partial disclina-tions, which leads to the rotation of the adjacent grain regions and creation of new grain bounda-ries. In addition, the mesoscale defects located at the junctions of the grains (including the boundary intersection disclinations), flat clusters of the dislocations of the orientational mismatch at the grain boundaries and partial dislocations in the grains have a significant effect on the frag-mentation. The articles about the severe plastic deformation at high temperatures are briefly de-scribed here. It is noted that recrystallization is the main mechanism of the fine-grained structure formation under these conditions. We suggest including the description of the discussed mechanisms in the multilevel con-stitutive material models. When new experimental data appear for a specific process of the severe plastic deformation, the considered refinement mechanisms can be added.
How to make it work: a framework for rapid research to inform evidence-based decision –making about the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sandars John , Goh Poh Sun
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Evidence- based decision making about the implementation of online learning in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for decision-makers since it is a time of rapid change. We present a new framework that offers a potential highly useful response to meet this challenge. Our proposed framework for rapid research of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic recognises the challenge of understanding the complexity of the socio-technical system in which the online learning is implemented, including the behaviour change of individuals in the system and the system's absorptive capacity. The framework provides a structured approach for rapid research to understand the complexity of the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend that rapid research to inform decision-making about the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic should focus on early identification of the needs of the decision-makers and the use of high quality rapid research approaches to provide relevant and timely information about context, processes and outcomes.
Successful management of uncontrolled postpartum hemorrhage due to morbidly adherent placenta with Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta during emergency cesarean section - A case report -
Authors: Ji Sung Mi , Cho Chaemin , Choi Gunhwa , Song Jaegyok , Kwon Min A , Park Jeong Heon , Kim Seokkon
Published: July 2020

Background: Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) may cause life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) requiring massive transfusions. Furthermore, it could endanger the lives of both mother and baby. Despite various efforts, such as adjuvant endovascular embolization and hysterectomy, massive PPH due to MAP still occurs and is difficult to overcome. Case: Herein, we described the case of a 40-year-old woman with placenta previa totalis who experienced massive bleeding during a cesarean section. We used resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and it improved the condition of the surgical field and the hemodynamic stability of the patient temporarily. The patient was successfully managed without further complications. Conclusions: REBOA can be used as a rescue procedure for uncontrolled bleeding situations in patients with MAPs. Anesthesiologists should consider and recommend REBOA as another resuscitative therapeutic option in the case of massive PPH.
Polyphasic Characterisation of Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria from Algerian Raw Camel’s Milk and Their Technological Aptitudes
Authors: Saidi Yasmine , del Rio Beatriz , Senouci Djamel Eddine , Redruello Begoña , Martinez Beatriz , Ladero Victor , Kihal Mebrouk , Alvarez Miguel A.
Published: July 2020

Research background. Consumption of spontaneously fermented camel´s milk is usual in Algeria, making it a feasible source of diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the potential to be used as adjunct cultures to improve quality and safety of dairy fermented products.
Experimental approach. Twelve raw camel´s milk samples were used as source of indigenous LAB, which were further characterised by examining 39 phenotypic traits with technological relevance.
Results and conclusions. Thirty-five non-starter LAB (NSLAB) were isolated from 12 Algerian raw camel's milk samples and they were microbiologically, biochemically and genetically characterised. Some isolates showed proteolytic activity, acidifying capacity, the ability to use citrate, and to produce dextran and acetoin. Ethanol, acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, acetoin and acetic acid were the major volatile compounds detected. Cluster analysis performed using the UPGMA method, and based on the thirty-nine phenotypic characteristics investigated, reflected the microbial diversity that can be found in raw camel´s milk.
Novelty and scientific contribution. The isolated strains, from a non-typical source, showed interesting technological traits to be considered as potential adjunct cultures. Cluster analysis based on the phenotypic characteristics examined turned out to be a useful tool for the typification of isolates when no genetic information is available. These findings may be of use towards an industrialised production of camel's milk dairy products.
O papel dos profissionais de relações públicas na responsabilidade social corporativa: algumas notas a partir da realidade portuguesa
Authors: Eiró-Gomes Mafalda , Raposo Ana
Published: July 2020

Os profissionais de relações públicas (RP) são envolvidos nos processos de decisão sobre cidadania corporativa (CC) ou apenas são chamados a divulgar as práticas das organizações a este nível? As organizações estão comprometidas com a responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) ou com a cidadania corporativa? No âmbito de um paradigma pragmatista, foi desenvolvida uma abordagem explicativa sequencial recorrendo a métodos mistos. Foi realizada uma investigação em duas fases, uma fase inicial quantitativa de recolha e análise de dados, e de seguida uma fase de recolha e análise de dados qualitativa. Em outubro de 2018, foram convidadas a responder a um inquérito online as 158 organizações que pertencem a uma associação portuguesa para a promoção da CC (Grace). Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com o responsável pela RSC/CC organizações que responderam ao questionário. O estudo aponta para que a área social (filantrópica) seja a mais relevante nas organizações entrevistadas e que esta área da RSC está sob fortes reformulações. No entanto, as organizações parecem não utilizar o conceito de cidadania corporativa. Ao contrário do esperado pelos investigadores, os profissionais de comunicação parecem não assumir responsabilidades a nível estratégico.
O papel da comunicação: a utilização das redes sociais nos cuidados de saúde primários
Authors: Garcia Andreia , Eiró-Gomes Mafalda
Published: July 2020

Sabe-se que o crescimento dos utilizadores das redes sociais obrigou muitas instituições a considerar a relevância deste canal de comunicação. Nada se sabe, contudo, sobre a utilização das redes sociais pelos ACeS – Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde, serviços públicos integrados no Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), que têm por missão a prestação de cuidados de saúde primários, a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença e a ligação a outros serviços para a continuidade dos cuidados. No ato da sua criação, em 2008, o governo reconheceu que os cuidados de saúde primários são o pilar central do sistema de saúde. Defende-se, neste estudo, que a comunicação deve estar orientada para o cumprimento da missão das instituições. Deste modo, pretende-se perceber de que forma a comunicação desenvolvida por estas instituições do SNS, particularmente a que recorre às redes sociais, está a contribuir para o cumprimento das suas missões organizacionais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os ACeS que estão presentes no Facebook e analisar a comunicação que aí tem sido desenvolvida. O corpus de análise foi constituído pelo universo de todos os ACeS existentes em Portugal. As fontes dos nossos dados foram todas as publicações públicas nas páginas de Facebook dos ACeS em 2018. Para a análise sistemática dos dados (análise das mensagens manifestas), utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo tanto com cariz quantitativo como qualitativo.
A revelação do diagnóstico de HIV/Aids e seus impactos psicossociais
Authors: Lobo Ângelo Souza , Leal Maria Alice Ferreira
Published: July 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) é a apresentação clínica de deficiência imunológica ocasionada pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). A revelação deste diagnóstico é uma comunicação que afeta profundamente a vida das pessoas envolvidas tanto profissionais quanto pacientes. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a revelação do diagnóstico de HIV/Aids, considerando seus impactos psicossociais, afetivos e neurocognitivos. MÉTODOS: Para compreender o processo comunicacional foram utilizados estudos de saúde coletiva e os impactos psicológicos, foram analisados à luz dos conceitos psicanalíticos de Donald Winnicott. A metodologia é de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem mista e predomínio qualitativo. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados foram: prontuário do paciente; entrevista semiestruturada, que cotejou etapas do Protocolo SPIKES; o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo em dez entrevistas, referenciada em Laurence Bardin. RESULTADOS E CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os resultados mostraram que a comunicação do diagnóstico apresentou diversos impactos psicossociais nos sujeitos e o acolhimento balizado pelos princípios do protocolo SPIKES demonstrou ser um excelente alicerce para a comunicação diagnóstica, principalmente, quando associado a arranjos ambientais suficientemente bons, tais como apoio familiar e acesso à informação, promovendo assim, maior adesão ao tratamento.
Práticas de medicalização: problematizações conceituais a partir de Michel Foucault
Authors: Silveira Lemos Flávia Cristina , Galindo Dolores Cristina Gomes , Rodrigues Renata Vilela , Sampaio Ataualpa Maciel
Published: July 2020

As práticas de medicalização vêm sendo estudadas por diversos autores e com nuances e perspectivas diferentes, dependendo das análises realizadas e dos autores escolhidos para o campo problemático e conceitual. Pensar práticas em um formato de ensaio teórico é um objetivo deste artigo, formulado em uma vertente dos trabalhos de Michel Foucault e de outros pensadores, os quais pesquisaram e delimitaram os processos de medicalização enquanto objeto de estudo. Portanto, vale mencionar o quanto há polêmicas e paradoxos instalados face às tentativas de apresentar e abordar o presente campo temático de pesquisa a respeito das práticas de medicalização. Neste texto, apresentam-se alguns elementos da medicalização, tais como: a biopolítica; a bioeconomia, o biovalor, as biotecnologias, a farmarcologização, a patologização e a biossociabilidade com o objetivo de forjar uma analítica de poder e saber na sociedade contemporânea, demandando mais trabalhos com vistas à formação uma rede de trabalhos.
Apoio social relacionado ao uso de drogas entre universitários
Authors: Evangelista Vítor de Morais Alves , Kadooka Aline , Pires Maria Laura Nogueira , Constantino Elizabeth Piemonte
Published: July 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência do uso de drogas psicoativas e investigar a sua associação com as redes de apoio social entre universitários. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário multidimensional em 227 universitários. Os resultados indicam que embora mais da metade já tenham consumido algum tipo de substância ilícita na vida, os índices de apoio social se mantiveram altos em todas as dimensões. Contudo, aqueles que estão expostos ao baixo apoio afetivo estão mais propensos ao uso moderado/alto de álcool e maconha, assim como aqueles que não possuem parentes com quem conversar possuem mais chances de usar álcool ou usar maconha. Outro dado importante consiste no fato de que estudantes que não possuem ou não praticam sua religião possuem mais chances de fazer uso de álcool.
The Effectiveness of Global Systems for Monitoring Sociopolitical Instability: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Medvedev Ilya , Slinko Elena , Shulgin Sergey
Published: July 2020

The article provides a systematic review of the main, existing methodologies of the global monitoring and forecasting of socio-political destabilization. A systematic analysis of the correlation between the forecasts of destabilization generated by these systems and the actual levels of destabilization observed in the respective countries has been carried out. The analysis shows that the forecast, based on the assumption that the level of destabilization in each country in the following year will be proportional to the actual level of destabilization of the current year, turns out, in all cases, to be more predictive than the forecasts made on the basis of any of the considered indices of the risk of destabilization (at least for all cases when the relevant forecasts were published). At the same time, it is shown that, before the Arab Spring, the indices we considered still performed some useful function, allowing us to identify not so much countries with a high risk of destabilization as those countries with particularly low risks of this kind. However, in 2010–2011, all destabilization risk indices had a very serious failure. High index values not only turned out to be not-very-good predictors of a high degree of the actual destabilization in 2011, but also low index values turned out to be bad predictors of a low degree of actual destabilization. As a result, all destabilization risk indices in 2010/2011 showed extremely low statistically-insignificant correlations between the expected and observed levels of destabilization, which can be attributed to the anomalous wave of 2011 launched by the events of the Arab Spring. As we have shown in several ways, the predictive ability of indices had been restored to some extent, again becoming statistically significant after 2011, but it has not returned to the level observed before the Arab Spring. This confirms the conclusions of our previous work that the Arab Spring in 2011 acted as a trigger for the global phase transition, resulting in the World System changing into a qualitatively new state in which we observe some new patterns that were not taken into account by the systems developed before the Arab Spring. Thus, the existing systems of forecasting the risks of socio-political destabilization have lost the last “competitive advantages” over the method of simple extrapolation. There are grounds to believe that the pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 may lead to an additional decrease in the prognostic ability of the indices we have examined. All this, of course, suggests the need to develop a new generation of systems for forecasting the risks of socio-political destabilization.
Transnational Migrants in the Urban Space of Modern City
Authors: Rezaev Andrey , Stepanov Alexander , Lisitsyn Pavel
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the outcomes of the field research oriented towards studying the usage of urban space by female labor migrants from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in Saint Petersburg in comparison with the practices that they have developed in their places of origin. The paper is based on the sociology of everyday life. The authors focus on the migrants’ transnational practices and a scope of their integration into the host society, as well as the perception of the urban space of Saint Petersburg in comparison to the migrants’ homelands. The informants for the study were 28 legal transnational labor migrants. The methods of the research are in-depth interviews in combination with mental maps. The hypothesis of the study includes two assumptions. The first is that migrant women from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have transnational practices that indicate their inclusion in the social networks of both the country of origin and the host society, while their everyday life will be characterized by a rather low degree of integration into the host society. The second assumption is that the mental maps of St. Petersburg that were drawn by the informants are detailed and diverse compared to the mental maps of the place of residence in their homelands. These assumptions were partly confirmed. Results of the inquiry raise new research questions that demand further research of migrant workers to be answered.
Discursive Representations of the (Capitalist) Results of the “Chinese Economic Miracle”
Authors: Trotsuk Irina
Published: July 2020

It is unlikely that any other state attracts more attention of the world community than China; there are endless debates about its geopolitical status, social-economic potential, demographic challenges, environmental threats, political structure, etc. However, scientific and popular-science discourses focus rather on finding an answer to the question of what type of social system China has in terms of the classical dilemma of “capitalism vs socialism”, and there are no universal nominations for either the historical past or present. The article aims at identifying the key discursive representations of the “Chinese economic miracle” by reconstructing them from three books recently translated into Russian: Zhang Yu’s China’s Economic Reform: Experience and Implications, Yifu Lin’s Demystifying the Chinese Economy, and How China Became Capitalist, written by Ronald Coase and Ning Wang. The article summarizes the main arguments of the three books. Although their interpretations of the “Chinese economic miracle” differ, including the degree of the politicized enthusiasm and optimism, they agree that developing countries should follow the Chinese path of reforms and ignore a number of this path’s serious problems. The article concludes that the books represent three discourses: an ideological-politicized scenario of developing a special type of socialism “from above”, a description of the capitalist economy developed from both “above” and “below”, and a statement of the completed transition to capitalism not under the party leadership control but mainly “from below” and, despite prohibitions and anti-capitalist rhetoric, “from above”. Such discursive contradictions are especially interesting for the Russian reader who remembers disputes about the type of “Russian capitalism” in the 1990s–2000s, and for the sociologist of the “classical type”, i.e., one studying historical changes to understand current social transformations.
Culture vs. Economy: Amoral Familism and Dismal Everyday Life
Authors: Ushkin Sergey
Published: July 2020

Book review: Edward C. Banfield, Moral’nye osnovy otstalogo obshhestva [The Moral Basis of a Backward Society] (Moscow: Novoe izdatelstvo, 2019) (in Russian).
Struve, Retractationes
Authors: Teslya Andrei
Published: July 2020

Book review: Modest Kolerov, Pyotr Struve: revoljucioner bez mass [Pyotr Struve: Revolutioner without Masses] (Moscow: Tsiolkovsky Book Store, 2020) (in Russia).
“It Is Part of Belonging”: Walking Groups to Promote Social Health amongst People Living with Dementia
Authors: Robertson Jane M. , Gibson Grant , Pemble Catherine , Harrison Rog , Strachan Kim , Thorburn Sheila
Published: July 2020

People with dementia often report experiencing a ‘shrinking world’ connected with reduced opportunities to access physical and social spaces. This article applies the framework of social health (Dröes et al., 2017; Huber et al., 2011) as a theoretical lens through which to consider how inclusive walking groups can facilitate access to places and spaces to support people with dementia to remain connected in their communities. Findings are reported from walking interviews and focus group discussions with people with dementia, family carers, volunteers and walk leaders who participated in a national programme of dementia-friendly walking groups in Scotland. Thematic analysis of the data demonstrates that participation has a positive impact on social health, supporting people living with dementia to fulfil their potential, to engage in meaningful activity and to manage both their condition and their wider lives. Benefits include providing a context for continuing social participation and relationships for people with dementia and family carers. Additionally, groups provide a safe space where people with dementia can walk with autonomy and help to reinforce a sense of capacity and agency. Wider implications include the role of walking groups in fostering interdependencies between people with dementia and their wider communities by promoting an enabling ethos of dementia ‘inclusiveness.’ The benefits of developing an inclusive and supportive approach to involving people living with dementia in walking groups could extend more broadly to the wider community, with such initiatives acting as a catalyst for growing levels of social participation.
(Re)Building Home and Community in the Social Housing Sector: Lessons from a South Australian Approach
Authors: Tually Selina , Skinner William , Faulkner Debbie , Goodwin-Smith Ian
Published: July 2020

Australia’s social housing sector is under great pressure. Actions to improve social housing sector capacity and responsiveness have occupied the minds and endeavours of many policy makers, practitioners and scholars for some time now. This article focusses on one approach to challenges within the sector recently adopted in a socio-economically disadvantaged area within Adelaide, South Australia: transfer of housing stock from the public to the community housing sector for capacity and community building purposes (the Better Places, Stronger Communities Public Housing Transfer Program). The discussion draws on evaluative research about this northern Adelaide program, which has a deliberate theoretical and practical foundation in community development and place-making as a means for promoting and strengthening social inclusion, complementing its tenancy management and asset growth focuses. Tenants and other stakeholders report valued outcomes from the program’s community development activities—the focus of this article—which have included the coproduction of new and necessary social and physical infrastructures to support community participation and engagement among (vulnerable) tenants and residents, confidence in the social landlord and greater feelings of safety and inclusion among tenants, underpinning an improving sense of home, community and place. Consideration of program outcomes and lessons reminds us of the importance of the ‘social’ in social housing and social landlords. The program provides a model for how social landlords can work with tenants and others to (re)build home and community in places impacted by structural disadvantage, dysfunction, or change. The article adds to the literature on the role of housing, in this case community housing, as a vehicle for place-making and promoting community development and social inclusion.
“Listen to What We Have to Say”: Children and Young People’s Perspectives on Urban Regeneration
Authors: O'Sullivan Siobhan , O'Connell Cathal , Byrne Lorcan
Published: July 2020

There is an important body of research that explores the contested understandings of urban regeneration programmes in areas of socio-economic disadvantage. While poor housing and living conditions must be tackled, regeneration programmes have been criticised for their destructive and displacement impacts on communities, their lack of public consultation and their reinforcement of the stigmatization of poor areas that draws “attention away from the structural and institutional failures that produce and reproduce poverty” and inequality (Hancock & Mooney, 2013, p. 59). However, much of the literature focuses on the understandings and perspectives of adult residents in regeneration areas. This article explores the views of young residents from ages 6 to 19 in Knocknaheeny, one of the largest social housing estates in Cork City in the South of Ireland, which is undergoing a regeneration programme. Through a series of creative methods, the research reveals the distinctive analysis these children and young people have on their community, the change it is undergoing, issues of poverty, stigma and exclusion, and their lack of involvement in the decision-making process. Taken together, these children and young people generate an analysis that is strikingly reminiscent of Wacquant’s (2008) concept of ‘territorial stigma.’ They clearly cite how the misrecognition and devaluation of their neighbourhood and community shifts responsibility for decline away from the institutional failings of the local authority and state, back toward the people who live there.
Home, Housing and Communities: Foundations for Inclusive Society
Authors: Anderson Isobel , Finnerty Joe , McCall Vikki
Published: July 2020

This issue of Social Inclusion explores the interconnected, but multi-faceted concepts of home, housing and communities as fundamental tenets of an inclusive society. Our editorial introduces our motivation for this topic, outlines the contributions to the collection and highlights some crosscutting themes, which emerge from the articles. The research presented was largely completed in advance of the full impact of the 2020 global coronavirus pandemic. In concluding the editorial, we reflect on the equal centrality of home, housing and communities to surviving the pandemic and ensuing economic crisis and encourage greater commitment to home and housing as a human right to mitigate social and economic inequality and underpin sustainable, inclusive settlements for the future.
Commentary on the article of E.O. Ivankova, V.V. Darvin, M.A. Bessmertnykh “Experience of using low-profile braided stents for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the first 72 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage”
Authors: Klimov A. B.
Published: July 2020

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PCA Esaslı Hibrit ANFIS-Taguchi Yöntemi ile Kan Bankası için Talep Tahmini
Authors: GÖKLER Seda Hatice , BORAN Semra
Published: July 2020

Kan; hastalıklar, ameliyatlar veya yaralanmalar nedeniyle her gün binlerce insan tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan hayati bir üründür. Bu nedenle hastanelerin kan ihtiyacını karşılayan kan bankalarının stoklarında yeterli miktarda kan bulundurması gereklidir. Gereğinden az miktarda kan elde bulundurulması ihtiyacın karşılanamaması ve can kaybı gibi önemli sorunlar oluştururken, fazla miktarda kanın stoklanması ise kanın bozulmasına ve kan ihtiyacı olan farklı hastanelerin stoksuz kalmasına neden olmaktadır.Bu çalışmada öncelikle kan bileşenlerinden biri olan eritrosit süspansiyonu talebine etki eden kriterler belirlenerek; bu kriterlere göre makine öğrenme algoritmalarından uyarlamalı ağ tabanlı bulanık çıkarım sistemi (ANFIS) yöntemi ile talebin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak talebe etki eden çok sayıda kriter olduğu için gruplandırarak azaltmak ve kriterler arasındaki bağımlılıkları ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla temel bileşen analizi (PCA) yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca ANFIS’in performansı; modelin yapısı ve öğrenmesini etkileyen parametre değerlerinin doğru belirlenmesi ile ilişkili olduğundan en yüksek doğrulukla tahmini sağlayacak değerler Taguchi deney tasarımı yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen PCA esaslı hibrit ANFIS-Taguchi yöntemi bir bölge kan merkezinde uygulanmıştır. Korelasyon katsayısı (𝑅) performans ölçütü ile yöntemin tahmin yeteneği değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulama sonunda tahmin edilen eritrosit süspansiyon talep miktarının %88.1 oranla gerçekleşen talep miktarı ile benzer sonuç verdiği görülmüştür.
Hipotiroidi Hastalığı Teşhisinde Sınıflandırma Algoritmalarının Kullanımı
Authors: AKGÜL Göksu , ÇELİK Ali Akın , ERGÜL AYDIN Zeliha , KAMIŞLI ÖZTÜRK Zehra
Published: July 2020

Hastalık teşhisi, tıp alanında karşılaşılan en önemli problemlerden biridir. Belirli bir hastalığın farklı türlerinin ve diğer hastalıklarla benzer semptomlarının olması hastalığın teşhisini zorlaştırmaktadır. Tiroit hastalığı çeşitlerinden biri olan hipotiroidi de bu sebeplerle teşhisi geciken ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini düşüren bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tanı sürecinde hastalara sorulan soru ve uygulanan test sonuçlarını kullanarak hipotiroidi hastalığının doğru teşhis oranını arttıracak veri madenciliği temelli bir sistem önermektir. Diğer amaç ise dolaylı olarak teşhis için kullanılan girişimsel testlerden oluşabilecek komplikasyonları azaltmaktır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda UCI makine öğrenmesi veri tabanında yer alan ve 151 tanesi hipotiroidi geri kalanı hipotiroidi olmayan toplam 3163 örnekten oluşan veri seti kullanılarak yeni örneklerin hipotiroidi olup olmadığı tahmin edilmiştir. Veri setindeki dengesiz dağılımı ortadan kaldırmak için veri setine farklı örnekleme teknikleri uygulanarak Lojistik Regresyon, K En Yakın Komşu ve Destek Vektör Makinesi sınıflandırıcıları ile hipotiroidi hastalığını teşhis edecek modeller oluşturulmuştur. Bu yönüyle, çalışma örnekleme yöntemlerinin hipotiroidi hastalığı teşhisi üzerindeki etkisini göstermiştir. Geliştirilen modeller içinde en yüksek performansı, aşırı örnekleme teknikleri uygulanan veri seti ile eğitilen Lojistik Regresyon sınıflandırıcısı vermiştir. Bu sınıflandırıcı ile elde edilen en iyi sonuçlar; doğruluk oranı için %97.8, F-Skor değeri için %82.26, eğri altında kalan alan için %93.2 ve Matthews korelasyon katsayısı için de %81.8’dir.
INFLUENCE OF SURFACTANTS ON THE FLUORESCEIN FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES
Authors: Klovak V. , Lelyushok S. , Kulichenko S. , Zaporozhets O.
Published: July 2020

The use of fluorescence as an analytical signal makes it possible to reduce the limits of detection of analytes. The study of spectral properties of luminophores is important for the development of new methods for analyzing various objects. The use of micellar systems enables to increase quantum yields by 2–10 times and fluorescence intensity by 3–80 times and reduce the limits of detecting analytes by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Organized media based on surfactants influence on the fluorescence of luminescent indicators and their complex compounds due to changes in their microspheric solution of their photophysical characteristics, aggregate state and microprobe nature. Cationic surfactants occupy a special place among cytotoxicants. Low levels of maximum permissible concentrations of cationic surfactants require the use of sensitive analytical methods that combine simplicity and availability with reliability and expressiveness. Known chemical and microbiological methods for the determination of cationic surface-active antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives characterize by complexity and labor intensity and are not suitable for the operational control of their concentration in places of local use. Therefore, the purpose of the work was to study the influence of various types of surfactants on the fluorescence properties of fluorescein to develop a method for determining the content of ethonium.

The influence of surface-active substances of different types on the fluorescence properties of fluorescein was investigate. The anionic surfactant almost does not effect on the intensity of the dye signal. Nonionic surfactant leads to a gradual decrease in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein. The most visible influence was observe with adding into the solution cationic surface-active substances. There is harsh intensity decrease of the dye fluorescence with subsequent exit to the «plateau» in the system of fluorescein-cetylpyridinium chloride. The cationic surfactant ethonium works the same. Received results will laid in the basis of the method development of ethonium determination in the medical drugs.