bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertriglyceridemia Impair Lipoprotein Metabolism in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: QUASCHNING THOMAS , SCHÖMIG MICHAEL , KELLER MARKUS , THIERY JOACHIM , NAUCK MATTHIAS , SCHOLLMEYER PETER , WANNER CHRISTOPH , KRÄMER-GUTH ANNETTE
Published: May 2021

Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment have the worst outcome on dialysis due to an increased rate of cardiovascular complications. Nearly all patients present with dyslipidemia, a prominent vascular risk factor, probably responsible for the high rate of vascular injury. Since both uremia and diabetes predispose to hypertriglyceridemia, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus and/or hypertriglyceridemia on lipoprotein metabolism in hemodialysis patients. LDL was isolated and characterized from hyper- and normotriglyceridemic diabetic and nondiabetic hemodialysis patients (n = 40; 10 in each group); also, LDL-receptor-dependent uptake and intracellular cholesterol metabolism were studied in HepG2 cells. In addition, scavenger-receptor-mediated uptake was examined in mouse peritoneal macrophages. LDL isolated from nondiabetic normotriglyceridemic hemodialysis patients exhibited impaired cellular uptake via the LDL receptor. Additionally, intracellular sterol synthesis was less inhibited and cholesterol esterification was reduced compared with LDL from healthy control subjects. Reduction of catabolic capacities was more marked in hemodialysis patients who were either diabetic or hypertriglyceridemic and even more pronounced in patients presenting with a combination of both diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic patients showed reduced lipase activity and increased LDL oxidation. Furthermore, they accumulated a fraction of small, dense LDL, and LDL was predominantly taken up via the scavenger-receptor pathway in peritoneal macrophages. This study elucidates the distinct influence of diabetes and/or hypertriglyceridemia in hemodialysis patients on cellular LDL metabolism via specific and nonspecific metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it underscores the cumulative impact of these pathologic entities on impairment of lipoprotein metabolism and increase of cardiovascular risk.
Tissue Sources and Blood Flow Limitations of Osmotic Water Transport Across the Peritoneum
Authors: DEMISSACHEW HAILU , LOFTHOUSE JOANNE , FLESSNER MICHAEL F.
Published: May 2021

Despite the daily use of hypertonic solutions to remove fluid from patients throughout the world who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis, the tissue sources of this water flow are unknown. To study this phenomenon in specific tissues, small plastic chambers were affixed to parietal and visceral surfaces of the peritoneum and were filled with either an isotonic or hypertonic solution. The volume changes over 60 to 90 min were determined and divided by the chamber area to yield the volume flux. The hypertonic solution produced a positive flux into the chamber of 0.6 to 1.1 μl/min per cm2 in all tissues tested. In contrast, the isotonic solution resulted in a net loss or an insignificant change in the chamber volume. Additional experiments tested the influence of blood flow on the hypertonic water flux during periods of control, reduced (50 to 80%), or postmortem (no) blood flow, as determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. With the exception of the liver, small but insignificant changes in the flux into the chamber were observed during the period of reduced flow; all water fluxes were markedly depressed during the postmortem period. It is concluded that both parietal and visceral tissues are sources of osmotically induced water flow into the cavity. Except for the liver, marked blood flow reductions have small but insignificant effects on osmotic water transport.
Effect of High Glucose on Mesangial Cell Protein Kinase C-δ and -ε is Polyol Pathway-Dependent
Authors: KAPOR-DREZGIC JOVANA , ZHOU XIAOPENG , BABAZONO TETSUYA , DLUGOSZ JOHN A. , HOHMAN THOMAS , WHITESIDE CATHARINE
Published: May 2021

In diabetes mellitus, enhanced activity of mesangial cell protein kinase C (PKC) may contribute to nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high glucose alters mesangial cell diacylglycerol-sensitive PKC-α, -β2, -δ, and -ε content, cellular distribution, and activity through polyol pathway activation. Primary cultured rat mesangial cells (passage 10) were growth-arrested in 0.5% fetal bovine serum and cultured in 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG) for 48 h, with or without the aldose reductase inhibitor tolrestat or ARI-509. PKC isoform content in total cell lysates, or cytosol, membrane (Triton X-soluble), and particulate (sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble) fractions was analyzed by immunoblotting, and band density in HG was expressed as a percentage of corresponding NG values. In HG at 48 h, increased total PKC-α (222 ± 17% of NG, P < 0.001), -β2 (209 ± 12%, P < 0.001), and -ε (195 ± 19%, P < 0.001) were observed. L-Glucose had no effect on total PKC isoform content. HG caused increased membrane- and particulate-associated PKC-α (257 ± 87 and 327 ± 66%, respectively, P < 0.05), membrane-associated PKC-δ (143 ± 10%, P < 0.05), and membrane-associated PKC-ε (186 ± 11%, P < 0.001), with no change in cytosol contents. The HG effects were not mimicked by L-glucose. In NG or HG, PKC-β2 was not detected in the cytosol fraction, and membrane and particulate association were unchanged with phorbol ester stimulation. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging revealed that in HG, PKC-α, -δ, and -ε translocate to the nucleus and plasma membrane. Total PKC activity measured by in situ
32P-phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor substrate increased from 18 ± 1 pmol/min per mg cell protein in NG to 33 ± 3 pmol/min per mg cell protein in HG (P < 0.002 versus NG). In NG, tolrestat and ARI-509 exposure caused increased PKC activity, enhanced accumulation of total PKC-α and -β2, with no change in total or fractional recovery of PKC-δ or -ε. In HG, tolrestat and ARI-509 prevented the increase in total PKC-ε and membrane-associated PKC-δ and -ε. It is concluded that within 48 h of HG, enhanced mesangial cell PKC activity is associated with accumulation and cellular redistribution of diacylglycerol-sensitive PKC isoforms, and that increased PKC-ε content and membrane-associated PKC-δ and -ε are dependent on polyol pathway activation.
Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Albumin Is Mediated by Nuclear Factor κB in Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: WANG YIPING , RANGAN GOPALA K. , TAY YUET-CHING , WANG YAO , HARRIS DAVID C. H.
Published: May 2021

The transcription and translation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine, are increased in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTC) stimulated with pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of albumin. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/Rel proteins play a role in albumin-induced MCP-1 transcription. Confluent monolayers of rat PTC in primary culture were stimulated with delipidated bovine serum albumin. NFκB, the NFκB inhibitory protein (IκB), and MCP-1 transcription were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western immunoblotting, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and ribonuclease protection assays. Activation of NFκB by delipidated bovine serum albumin (15 mg/ml) was detectable within 2 h, maximal after 8 h, and maintained for at least 16 h of continuous exposure. Supershift analysis showed that the activated proteins were composed of p50/p50, p50/p65, and p50/c-Rel dimers. dimers. Cytoplasmic IκBα levels were decreased 30 min after stimulation and returned to unstimulated levels by 4 to 8 h. IκBβ levels were decreased at 2 h and there was no recovery until 8 h. Inhibition of NFκB with pharmacologic agents (N-tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and dexamethasone) and an antisense oligonucleotide to the rat p65 subunit of NFκB significantly reduced MCP-1 transcription. The 3.6-kb 5′ flanking region of the rat MCP-1 gene was cloned and sequenced, and two putative κB binding sites were identified within the enhancer region. Therefore, albumin increased NFκB and reduced IκB levels in PTC, and MCP-1 expression was dependent on NFκB activation. It is concluded that the activation of NFκB/Rel proteins modulates chemokine production in PTC in response to albumin and is likely to have an important role in the mediation of tubulointerstitial injury in proteinuric renal disease.
Hematocrit Levels and Hospitalization Risks in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: XIA HONG , EBBEN JIM , MA JENNIE Z. , COLLINS ALLAN J.
Published: May 2021

The association between hematocrit level and future hospitalization risks in hemodialysis patients has not been fully investigated on a national level. A total of 71,717 prevalent Medicare hemodialysis patients who survived a 6-mo entry period from July 1 through December 31, 1993 were studied, and their risk of hospitalizations was evaluated the next year. Five hematocrit groups were defined from Medicare recombinant human erythropoietin-treated patients: <27%, 27 to <30%, 30 to <33%, 33 to <36%, and ≥36%. A Cox regression model was used to investigate the association between hematocrit level and the risk of first hospitalization, and the Andersen-Gill regression model evaluated multiple hospitalizations during the next year, adjusting for patient comorbidity and severity of disease. Compared with the baseline group of 30 to <33%, patients with hematocrit levels <30% had a 14 to 30% increased risk of hospitalization without disease severity adjustment (p = 0.0001) and a 7 to 18% increased risk with disease severity adjustment (p = 0.0001). Patients in the 33 to <36% group had the lowest risk at 0.93 and 0.88 (p = 0.0001), with and without adjustment for disease severity. It is concluded that patients with hematocrits of <30% have an increased risk of future hospitalization, with hematocrit levels between 33 and 36% having the lowest associated risks.
Vascular Expression of Polycystin-2
Authors: TORRES VICENTE E. , CAI YIQUIANG , CHEN XI , WU GUANQUING Q. , GENG LIN , CLEGHORN KATHLEEN A. , JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER M. , SOMLO STEFAN
Published: May 2021

The expression of polycystin-1 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of elastic and large distributive arteries suggests that some vascular manifestations of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) result directly from the genetic defect. Intracranial aneurysms have been reported in PKD2, as well as in PKD1 families. To determine whether the vascular expression of polycystin-2 is similar to that of polycystin-1, the expression of PKD2 mRNA and protein in cultured pig aortic VSMC was studied and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to study the localization of polycystin-2 in cultured pig aortic VSMC, pig ascending thoracic aorta, and normal elastic and intracranial arteries and intracranial aneurysms obtained at autopsy from patients without or with ADPKD. Tissues derived from Pkd2 wild-type and Pkd2 null mice were used to confirm the specificity of the immunostaining for polycystin-2. Northern blots of VSMC revealed the expected 5.3-kb band. Western blotting detected a 110-kb band in a 100,000 × g fraction of VSMC homogenates. Cultured VSMC as well as VSMC between the elastic lamellae of pig thoracic aorta were positive for polycystin-2 by immunofluorescence. The staining pattern was cytoplasmic. Treatment of the cells before fixation with Taxol, colchicine, or cytochalasin-D altered the pattern of staining in a way suggesting alignment with the cytoskeleton. The immunohistochemical staining for polycystin-2 was abolished by extraction with 0.5% Triton X-100, indicating that polycystin-2 is not associated with the cytoskeleton. Weak immunoreactivity for polycystin-2, which was markedly enhanced by protease digestion, was detected in formaldehydefixed normal human elastic and intracranial arteries. Immunostaining of variable intensity for polycystin-2, which was not consistently enhanced by protease digestion, was seen in the spindle-shaped cells of the wall of the intracranial aneurysms. The similar expression of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 in the vascular smooth muscle is consistent with the proposed interaction of these proteins in a single pathway. These observations suggest a direct pathogenic role for PKD1 and PKD2 mutations in the vascular complications of ADPKD.
Regulation of Potassium Channel Kir 1.1 (ROMK) Abundance in the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
Authors: ECELBARGER CAROLYN A. , KIM GHEUN-HO , KNEPPER MARK A. , LIU JIE , TATE MARGARET , WELLING PAUL A. , WADE JAMES B.
Published: May 2021

The renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK) of the thick ascending limb (TAL) is a critical component of the counter-current multiplication mechanism. In this study, two new antibodies raised to ROMK were used to investigate changes in the renal abundance of ROMK with treatments known to strongly promote TAL function. These antibodies specifically recognized protein of the predicted size of 45 kD in immunoblots of rat kidney or COS cells transfected with ROMK cDNA. Infusion of 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin (dDAVP), a vasopressin V2 receptor-selective agonist, for 7 d into Brattleboro rats resulted in dramatic increases in apical membrane labeling of ROMK in the TAL of dDAVP-treated rats, as assessed by immunocytochemical analyses. Using immunoblotting, a more than threefold increase in immunoreactive ROMK levels was observed in the outer medulla after dDAVP infusion. Restriction of water intake to increase vasopressin levels also significantly increased TAL ROMK immunolabeling and abundance in immunoblots. In addition, dietary Na+ levels were varied to determine whether ROMK abundance was also affected under other conditions known to alter TAL transport. Rats fed higher levels of sodium, as either NaCl or NaHCO3 (8 mEq/250 g body wt per d), exhibited significantly increased density of the 45-kD band, compared with the respective control animals. Moreover, in rats fed a low-NaCl diet (0.25 mEq/250 g body wt per d), a 50% decrease in band density for the 45-kD band was observed (relative to control rats fed 2.75 mEq/250 g body wt per d of NaCl). These results demonstrate that long-term adaptive changes in ROMK abundance occur in the TAL with stimuli that enhance transport by this segment.
P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Secretion in Mouse Proximal Tubule Perfused In Vitro
Authors: TSURUOKA SHUICHI , SUGIMOTO KOH-ICHI , FUJIMURA AKIO , IMAI MASASHI , ASANO YASUSHI , MUTO SHIGEAKI
Published: May 2021

To examine the functional significance of durg-transporting P-glycoprotein (P-gp), studies were conducted in the isolated and perfused proximal tubule S2 segment from mice disrupting both mdr1a and mdr1b genes [mdr1a/1b(—)(—)] and their wild-type mice. Efflux of the intracellular fluorescence of rhodamine 123, a fluorescence substrate of P-gp, into the lumen was measured, and the decay half-time of the intracellular fluorescence (T1/2) as an index of the drug-transporting P-gp activity was regarded. In the wild-type mice, the T1/2 was 34 ± 4 s (n = 36) at the basal period and was increased to 434 ± 41 s by the addition of luminal verapamil, a P-gp inhibitor. In the mdr1a/1b(—)(—) mice, the T1/2 was 407 ± 16 s (n = 10) at the basal period and was no longer affected by the luminal addition of verapamil. The digoxin content in the kidney after a repeated administration of the drug was markedly elevated in the mdr1a/1b(—)(—) mice. In conclusion, P-gp—mediated drug efflux capacity indeed exists in the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells from the wild-type mice, whereas it is absent in that of the mdr1a/1b(—)(—) mice.
Epidermal Growth Factor Activates Store-Operated Calcium Channels in Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Authors: MA RONG , SANSOM STEVEN C.
Published: May 2021

A cellular influx of Ca2+ is critical for initiating and maintaining growth in a variety of cell types. Experiments were performed to determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is known to initiate a proliferative response in mesangial cells, could regulate by intracellular signal transduction the store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC) of human mesangial cells (HMC) in culture. The cell-attached patch configuration was used to monitor the activity of SOC, with 90 mM Ba2+ in the pipette and physiologic saline solution in the bath. Under control conditions, the mean NP
o value was 1.06 at a holding potential of -80 mV. When 100 nM EGF was added to the bath, SOC were activated by 53%. The EGF-evoked response was dose-dependent, with a half-maximal activation concentration of 4.8 nM. An inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, i.e., tyrphostin A23 (100 μM), completely abolished EGF-evoked channel activation. EGF combined with the inactive control compound tyrphostin A1 (100 μM) elicited significant (85%) activation of SOC. Calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), did not affect the baseline activity of SOC but abolished the EGF-evoked enhancement of SOC activity. The PKC activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) significantly activated SOC. However, the effects of PMA were duplicative rather than additive or potentiating with maximal concentrations (100 nM) of EGF, suggesting that PMA and EGF activate SOC through a common PKC pathway. In addition, downregulation of PKC via incubation of HMC with PMA for 1 to 20 h depressed both basal activity and EGF-induced activation of SOC. It is concluded that EGF stimulates SOC in HMC through an intracellular signaling mechanism involving tyrosine kinase and PKC.
Oral Administration of Glomerular Basement Membrane Prevents the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis in the WKY Rat
Authors: REYNOLDS JOHN , PUSEY CHARLES D.
Published: May 2021

Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG), an animal model of Goodpasture's disease, can be induced in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats by a single injection of collagenase-solubilized rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in adjuvant. EAG is characterized by circulating and deposited anti-GBM antibodies, accompanied by focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. The inhibitory effect of orally administered antigens has been reported in various animal models of autoimmunity but not in EAG in the rat. The effects of feeding rat GBM by gavage, at total doses of 0.5, 2.5, or 5 mg, before immunization were examined. A dose-dependent effect was observed on the development of EAG. A dose of 0.5 mg of GBM had no effect on disease, 2.5 mg resulted in a moderate reduction in the severity of nephritis but no change in anti-GBM antibody production, and 5 mg resulted in a marked reduction in circulating and deposited anti-GBM antibodies, albuminuria, deposits of fibrin in the glomeruli, severity of glomerular abnormalities, and numbers of infiltrating T cells and macrophages. Animals that were fed 5 mg of GBM showed a significant reduction in IgG2a but not IgG1, anti-GBM antibody levels, suggesting downregulation of Th1 responses. There was also a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferative responses of splenic T cells from treated animals to GBM antigen in vitro. These results clearly demonstrate that mucosal tolerance can be induced by oral administration of GBM antigen and that this approach is effective in preventing EAG.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Sodium Borohydride as a Reducing Agent v1
Authors: Byrne McDonnell Sean , Gunes Sebnem , Casey Alan , F Curtin James , Manaloto Eline
Published: May 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have a multitude of uses, which range from anti-microbial to anti-cancerous etc. They are sometimes preferred to other metal-based nanoparticles due to their attractive physicochemical properties. This protocol is a standardized method of producing and characterising PVA coated AgNPs which range from 10 to 20 nm in diameter. These particles are suited to lab based in-vivo and in-vitro assays. The addition of PVA to AgNPs is to increase the stability of the nanoparticles.
The TARGET System: Rapid Identification of Direct Targets of Transcription Factors by Gene Regulation in Plant Cells v1
Authors: D. Brooks Matthew , M. Reed Kelsey , Krouk Gabriel , M. Coruzzi Gloria , O. R. Bargmann Bastiaan
Published: May 2021

The TARGET system allows for the rapid identification of direct regulated gene targets of transcription factors (TFs). It employs the transient transformation of plant protoplasts with inducible nuclear entry of the TF and subsequent transcriptomic and/or ChIP-seq analysis. The ability to separate direct TF-target gene regulatory interactions from indirect downstream responses and the significantly shorter amount of time required to perform the assay, compared to the generation of transgenics, makes this plant cell-based approach a valuable tool for a higher through-put approach to identify the genome-wide targets of multiple TFs, to build validated transcriptional networks in plants. Here, we describe the use of the TARGET system in Arabidopsis seedling root protoplasts to map the gene regulatory network downstream of transcription factors-of-interest.
LEAP100 Pin-to-Plate Device Protocol for Treating Cancer Cells v1
Authors: Gilheany Almha , Gunes Sebnem , Scally Laurence , J Cullen Patrick , Tiwari Brijesh , F Curtin James , Maria Aguiar de Carvalho Andressa
Published: May 2021

Plasma can be described as the fourth state of matter, and as a neutral ionised gas composed of neutral and charged particles, along with electrons, UV-radiation, radicals and electric fields. CAP is generated at temperatures below 40 ℃ and at near atmospheric pressures rendering it appropriate for use in biomedical applications such as an anti-cancer tool, that has already shown its cytotoxicity effects, selectivity potential and efficacy as a Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. How CAP interacts with cells depends on many chemical and physical factors, with CAP activity varying with differing plasma discharges, cell types and culture conditions. Physical factors such as UV and heat have been shown to have had little effect on DNA integrity. Chemical factors are reported to have a more substantial effect due to the production of reactive oxygen species during CAP treatment. Characterising a new device is important as different plasma discharge modes arising from plasma-self adaptation leads to different interactions between cells and plasma. The novel device seen here in Figure 1, is a large Pin-to-Plate non-thermal atmospheric plasma generator. It consists of 88 pin electrodes which are powered by AC Supply (Leap100, PlasmaLeap Technologies, Dublin, Ireland) and has a resonance frequency of 30 to 125 kHz, a discharge frequency of 50 to 3000 Hz with a power range of 50 to 400 W and a discharge gap of a maximum of 55 mm. The electrodes/samples work area is encased in a fitted container to minimize the escape of Cold Atmospheric Plasma generated reactive species into the environment. The position of pins and a plate electrode acts as a ground, reduces power consumption, increases stability and diffuses the discharge across the entire surface. The discharge has also been seen to diffuse to a larger area than just the pin tip meaning more interactions between reactive species and cells can occur. This protocol describes the steps involved in assessing the cytotoxic effects of a novel large Pin-to-Plate non-thermal atmospheric plasma on mammalian cells. PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for the use of the Pin-to-Plate device, non-thermal atmospheric plasma, for the treatment of mammalian cells. SCOPE: To provide a standardized protocol for using the Pin-to-Plate device to generate Cold Atmospheric Plasma to treat mammalian cells for use by any laboratory using the Leap100 system device.
Dr. Donath. About hysterical amnesia in connection with retrograde amnesia. Neurolog. Centralb., 1908
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The author draws an analogy between hysterical anesthesia and amnesia.
Souques et H Chéine. Tachycardia of the spinal cord with muscle atrophy in the area innervated by nn. trig., vagus, accessor., hypoglossus and lower roots pl. brachialis. — Revue neurol. 1909, no. 5
Authors: Osokin N.
Published: May 2021

Amyotrophies in the region of the cranial nerves with tabes are generally relatively rare.
Mach Löwy About hypochondria and her roots. New to the differential recognition of hypochondriasis, especially from psychosis. Ueber Hypochondrie und ihre Wurzeln. Neues zur Differentialdiagnose der Hypochondrie, besonders von den Psychosen. Report read in Mardenburgsk. Societies of Physicians 6 / IX 1906
Authors: Sholomovich A.
Published: May 2021

Conclusions of the author: Pure hypochondria is one of the forms of functional neuroses, for the most part, neurasthenia, part of hysteria.
Dr. Anglade et Jacquin. Periodic psychosis and epilepsy. Psychoses périodiques et epilepsie. L'Encephale, 1907
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The authors, studying the ethiology and clinic of periodical psychosis and epilepsy, find a lot in common between them.
Dr. Holos. Epilepsy and paranoia. Neurolog. Gentralblatt, 1908
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

At the congress of doctors in Budapest, the author reported on the joint appearance of epilepsy and paranoia in four cases.
Max Kahane. Physical treatment of sciatic nerve inflammation. Die physikalische Therapie des Ischias. — Monatsch. f. d. physikal. diät. Heilmethoden. 1909. H. 3
Authors: Klyachkin G.
Published: May 2021

The author points out that in the treatment of ischias, all physical methods are widely used; but advises to be strictly guided by the ethology and pathogenesis of this suffering. In the idiopathic form, ethiology consists in two main factors: in the disorder of the exchange of substances and in the common cold; accordingly, physical therapy should be directed. Two methods are most widespread here - hydro and mechanotherapy, to which diet therapy is added. Of the hydrotherapy procedures, the author recommends warm baths or warm-humid limb wraps, especially Scottish showers. In the same cases, where the illness begins with very acute phenomena, one should first refrain from any active therapy, adopting peace, lying on a pillow filled with air or water, additional laxatives and a light diet.
Fr. Linn. On the influence of local arsonwalization. Ueber die Wirkung localer Arsonwalisation. — Arch, physik. Med. u. med. Technik. III. Bd. H. 3-4
Authors: Klyachkin G.
Published: May 2021

The author, in order to find out the effect of such a high voltage on the body, performed a number of experiments on animals, at which he used lower animals to eliminate the influence of suggestion and the side effect of the current on the hairy parts.
Report on the doctoral debate at the Imperial Kazan University
Authors: Sholomovich A.
Published: May 2021

On February 22, 1909, the physician M. A. Chalusov defended his dissertation, which was published from the physiological laboratory of prof. N. A. Mislavsky under the title: To the question of relations n. depressoris to the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator centers ".
Development of collaborative proplem solving competency framework and scales for technical students
Authors: Dang Thi Dieu Hien
Published: May 2021

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is an indispensable competency of workers as well as engineers in the 21st century. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop for students. Frameworks and scale are 2 importance factors when researches are conducted on developing of competency as well as CPS competency. There are some researchers have interested in on these issues. In the results, the CPS frameworks were divided into at least 2 components: Collaborative and Problem solving. However, with the perspective of CPS competency is not a compound competency, the structure divided into 2 parts is not really suitable, so it is necessary to develop this competency frameworks more appropriately. This article mainly focuses on research results of CPS framework, scales and criteria to evaluate CPS competency of technical students. Research results will be foundations for developing tools to measure the development of the CPS competency.
Rekayasa Simulator Penghancur Tablet Dengan Kontrol Suhu & Motor
Authors: Nur Faizin Della Fitriana , Kartika Wisnu , Supriyadi Kuat
Published: May 2021

Dalam menentukan kualitas suatu tablet diperlukan 4 pengujian yaitu uji keseragaman ukuran, uji kekerasan, uji keregasan, uji waktu hancur (desintegration tester) dan penetapan kadar. Desintegration Tester adalah alat pengujian yang digunakan pada industri farmasi untuk mengetahui berapa lama waktu hancur obat. Proses uji waktu hancur tablet biasanya dilakukan secara manual dengan cara tablet dicelupkan kedalam air hangat selama beberapa waktu sesuai dengan bentuk tablet yang diuji, untuk pengujian seperti itu akan membutuhkan waktu dan tidak efisien. Dari acuan diatas maka penulis membuat perancangan desintegration tester dengan system kerja yaitu lengan penampang tablet digerakan dengan motor power window, dan tampilan suhu air didalam chamber yang dapat dipantau. Penelitian ini menggunakan sensor suhu ds18b20 dan dikendalikan oleh mikrokontroler ATMega328. Suhu 37ºC akan ditampilkan pada LCD karakter 2x16 dalam proses berjalannya uji waktu hancur obat. Lengan penampang obat akan digerakan oleh motor power window. Hasil pengukuran suhu diperoleh nilai error sebesar 0,013% dan nilai error motor power window sebesar 0,39%.
Herbal drugs: Boon for Peptic ulcer patients
Authors: Mahato Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2021

Antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic medicines are used to treat the diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These microbes effects humans, animals and plants and produces diseases. As per the recent report of World Health Organization (WHO), the cases of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is continuously rising, which causes ineffective treatment and prevention of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. AMR occurs when these microbes gets resistance and the medications gets ineffective against these microbes, which makes treatment of common infections difficult and consequently increases the risk of severe illness, spread of disease and death. Because the medicines becomes purposeless, infections continue to exist in the body and increases the likeliness of spread to others. WHO recommends reduced use of synthetic antibiotics and raised use of herbal antimicrobial drugs. These are the ways by which the AMR can be controlled or abolished. Herbal drugs can be used for this purpose because these are considered to be effective with no or less side effects. In the present article we discussed about peptic ulcer, causative agent of peptic ulcer and the medicinal plants which can be used to treat this disease. Twenty medicinal plants were listed which contains both antibacterial and antiulcer activity. Due to these properties of these medicinal plants, these can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer because of dual benefits firstly, antibacterial which kills or retards the growth of Helicobacter pylori and secondly, antiulcer which heals the ulcer.
Overview on capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry: Application in peptide analysis and proteomics
Authors: Shah Umang , Patel Aarti , Patel Rutu , Patel Mehul , Patel Ashish , Kavad Mansukh , Desai Esha
Published: May 2021

The pharmaceutical industry and most particularly the biopharmaceutical industry are demanding advancements in analytical techniques. The field of proteomics and peptide mapping needs sensitive analysis and sophisticated instrumentation, which needs hyphenated analytical techniques to be explored. In addition to effective detection and characterization, Due to efficient and selective separation, predominant focus has been drawn to capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) compared to widely used techniques such as slab-gel electrophoresis (SGE), liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) Several significant advances in CE/MS instrumentation and software have made CE/MS a competitive tool in the last decade to solve a wide variety of analytical and biopharmaceutical problems. This analysis discusses the technological aspects of CE / MS interfaces, analytical separation modes, MS analyzer, recent CE / MS approaches and applications specific to biopharmaceutical. Applications using some of the more common electrophoretic separation modes, such as conventional electrophoresis of the capillary zone (CZE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), have been highlighted. The peptide analysis also includes recent studies on capillary electro-chromatography (CEC) / MS and CE-MS applications.
Deciphering emesis
Authors: Chaudhry Sunil , Dutta Avisek
Published: May 2021

The incidence of nausea or vomiting changes much with etiopathogenesis. Multiple neurohumoural pathways lead to nausea and vomiting. The various classes of antiemetics target different pro-emetic pathways to alleviate nausea and vomiting. Some drugs target more than one pathway. It is demonstrated that combination therapy is more effective than single anti-emetic agent.
Una lucha interminable: la tuberculosis en Baja California, México, durante el siglo XX
Authors: Fierros Hernández Arturo
Published: May 2021

El presente texto es un análisis histórico de la tuberculosis en Baja California durante el siglo XX, en el que se estudia la enfermedad como un proceso aún vigente. Aunque los adelantos en la biomedicina y la salud pública han generado avances en el combate contra la tuberculosis, en la actualidad Baja California ocupa uno de los primeros lugares de incidencia de tal enfermedad. A pesar de que se han identificado las determinantes sociales, así como de que existe un tratamiento efectivo y una vacuna inmunizadora, la lucha contra ese flagelo está lejos de terminar. En este artículo se esbozan las características que podría tener un plan para la erradicación de la enfermedad, un conocimiento útil para entender las epidemias y los sistemas sanitarios, como mostramos a continuación. Este texto es un primer acercamiento a la temática.
Guía para la regulación de sistemas de monopatines y bicicletas sin anclaje compartidos para ciudades de América Latina
Authors: Vadillo Quesada Clara , Peón Gonzalo , González Madrazo Eloy , Medina Cardona Sonia N. , Rello Rincón Emilio , Vidal Masip Félix
Published: May 2021

La presente guía está dirigida a autoridades públicas, especialistas del sector privado y la sociedad civil, y otras partes interesadas en fomentar una micromovilidad segura, sostenible y equitativa en las ciudades de América Latina. En ella se formulan recomendaciones para el diseño y la revisión de la regulación de los sistemas de monopatines y bicicletas sin anclaje compartidos en la región. Estas recomendaciones se basan en una extensa revisión de guías y lineamientos existentes, en la literatura académica, y en una serie de talleres y entrevistas con representantes de empresas operadoras de los sistemas, autoridades reguladoras y otros actores relevantes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induce Spatio-temporal Secretion of IL-1β, TNFα, proMMP-9, and Reduction of Epithelial e-cadherin in Human Alveolar Epithelial type II (A549) cells.
Authors: Fuentes-Zacarias Paulina , Arzate-Castañeda Diego Armando , Sosa-González Irma , Villeda-Gabriel Graciela , Morales-Méndez Iyari , Osorio-Caballero Mauricio , Helguera-Repetto Addy Cecilia , Díaz Fabián Nestor , García-López Guadalupe , Flores-Herrera Oscar , Arenas-Huertero Francisco , Eslava-Campos Carlos , Díaz-Ruíz Oscar , Flores-Herrera Héctor
Published: May 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an opportunistic bacterium with hight prevalence in diverse pulmonary infections. Although several genes have been involved in the resistance and evasion system of the immunological response of the host, little information is known about the inflammatory, degradative, and cell binding response induced by P. aeruginosa on human lung alveolar epithelial cells. The purpuse of this study was dtermine the cytokine expression (IL-1β, and TNFα), pro matrix metalloproteinase activaction (proMMP-2 and proMMP-9), and the effects on the cell-binding adhesion protein (E-cadherin) in an in vitro model of human lung alveolar epithelial cells. A549 cells were stimulated with different colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa for 3, 6, and 24 hours. After these times, culture media was collected, IL-1β and TNFα were evaluated by ELISA; proMMP-2 and -9 were determined by substrate gel zymography; and the isoform of actMMP-9 and E-cadherin assessed by immunoreactivity on A549 cells. Our results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa induces mainly the secretion of TNFα, increasing the actMMP-9, and significantly reduces the level of E-cadherin in the A549 cells. In summary, the inflammatory/degradative process induced by P.aeruginosa modulates the expression of the E-cadherin protein. The probable clinical implications of this study suggests the use of inhibitos that reduced the degradative activity of proMMP-9 wich will be demonstrated in the next phase of this study.
Automated classification of brain tumors by deep learning-based models on magnetic resonance images using a developed web-based interface
Authors: TETİK Bora , UCUZAL Hasan , YAŞAR Şeyma , ÇOLAK Cemil
Published: May 2021

Objective: Primary central nervous system tumors (PCNSTs) compose nearly 3% of newly diagnosed cancers worldwide and are more common in men. The incidence of brain tumors and PCNSTs-related deaths are gradually increasing all over the world. Recently, many studies have focused on automated machine learning (AutoML) algorithms which are developed using deep learning algorithms on medical imaging applications. The main purposes of this study are -to demonstrate the use of artificial intelligence-based techniques to predict medical images of different brain tumors (glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma) to provide technical support to radiologists, and -to develop a user-friendly and free web-based software to classify brain tumors for making quick and accurate clinical decisions.

Materials and Methods: Open-sourced T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain tumor images were achieved from Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China, and General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, To construct the proposed system which web-based interface and the deep learning-based models, the Keras/Auto-Keras library, which is employed in Python's programming language, is used. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, G-mean, F-score, and Matthews correlation coefficient metrics were used for performance evaluations.

Results: While 80% (2599 instances) of the dataset was used in the training phase, 20% (465 instances) was employed in the testing phase. All the performance metrics were higher than 98% for the classification of brain tumors on the training data set. Similarly, all the evaluation metrics were higher than 91% except for sensitivity and MCC for meningioma on the testing dataset.

Conclusion: The results from the experiment reveal that the proposed software can be used to detect and diagnose three types of brain tumors. This developed web-based software can be accessed freely in both English and Turkish at http://biostatapps.inonu.edu.tr/BTSY/.
Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Alosilla Eliziane De Lucca
Published: May 2021

1. Engenharia civil – Periódicos. 2. Materiais de construção – Periódicos. 3. Estruturas (Construção civil) – Periódicos. 4. Engenharia sanitária e ambiental. 5. Construção civil – Administração. I. Título.
Renewable processes under maturing coniferous stands crown in Vologda region
Authors:   Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin, Zarubina L.V. , Karbasnikov A.A. ,   Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin, Peshin D.A. ,   Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin
Published: May 2021

Evaluation of renewable processes was carried out on the territory of Totma area in Vologda region. The objects of study were six sites of flourishing coniferous stockings in different forest condition. The laying of test plots was carried out taking into account the requirements of OST 56-69–83. Undergrowth accounting was carried out taking into account the height and state of life. The processing of field materials was carried out by methods generally accepted in forestry. According to the results, we can make a conclusion that provision for growth and development of spruce staddle in flourishing pine stockings in different forest conditions are unpleasant. The pine staddle is absent at all. There is enough amount of coniferous staddle under spruce canopy for formation spruce-deciduous or spruce planting after logging works. As recommendation for saving aboriginal forest and reducing expenses on the reforestation works in pine forest crop after logging works, we offer to hold alternating gradual fell with intensity of 30 % and implementation of measures in assistance for natural renewal as soil mineralization in processes of main executed logging works. We think that implementing fell is necessary to time to seed year.
Adaptive landscape systems for natural frame in Voronezh
Authors:   Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Kruglyak V.V.
Published: May 2021

The substantiation of an adaptive planting system for the natural frame of Voronezh is presented. A forest-park green belt has been identified, the components of which make up a single natural ecological system. It is indicated that the oak forests of the urban district of Voronezh occupy an area of 4500 hectares. Using the indicators of the normal head water level, average width, average depth, length of the coastline, regulation coefficient, the morphometric characteristics and standard head water levels of the Voronezh reservoir were determined. On the basis of functional zoning in the Voronezh reservoir, three zones are identified and their characteristics are given. It was identified that the forest cover of the Central Chernozem region is 9 %, which is lower than the normative indicators of forest cover for creating the natural frame in Voronezh. It is shown that the scientific objects of the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Voronezh State Forestry University (VGLTU) for the creation of forest cultures of the main forest-forming species in the Central Chernozem Region confirm the concept of creating adaptive landscaping systems for the natural frame of the city of Voronezh. 140 species in the genus of birch have been identified, which can be used for adaptive landscaping systems in the area under consideration. The stated description of the Great Voronezh Ecological Trail (BVET) along the entire route, characterized by the presence of unique natural landscape, botanical, geological, garden and park objects. An upward trend in the indicator of recreation of adaptive landscaping systems from 31,904.3 hectares was recorded up to 32421.2 hectares in 2020. It is noted that the climatic and natural conditions of this territory are favorable for growing an expanded range of tree species and shrubs, primarily the main forest-forming species.
Park terrencur number 3 in resort city of Kislovodsk
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Leonova V.A. , Matveeva O.N. ,   Parkoff gallery
Published: May 2021

The article gives a brief historical report on the terrencurs of the city-resort of Kislovodsk, further details the current state of structural elements of one of the main routes — terrencur no. 3, including the upper cover of the terrencourt, the presence and condition of the board stone and storm trays. The study material is illustrated — 9 drawings, at the end of the article conclusions are given.
Testing of experimental samples of nanofibrillar cellulose in the production of lightweight coated paper
Authors:   Open stock company (OSC) «Central Paper Research Institute», Tyurin E.T. , Zuikov A.A. ,   Open stock company (OSC) «Central Paper Research Institute», Bondarev A.I. ,   Open stock company (OSC) «Central Paper Research Institute», Gulyanz L.P. ,   Open stock company (OSC) «Central Paper Research Institute», Fadeeva L.A. ,   Open stock company (OSC) «Central Paper Research Institute», Konstantinova S.A. ,   Federal state autonomous higher educational institution «Russian University of Oil and Gas» (National Research University), «Gubkin University», Novikov A.A. ,   Federal state autonomous higher educational institution «Russian University of Oil and Gas» (National Research University), «Gubkin University», Anikuchin B.M. ,   Federal state autonomous higher educational institution «Russian University of Oil and Gas» (National Research University), «Gubkin University», Vinokurov V.A. ,   Federal state autonomous higher educational institution «Russian University of Oil and Gas» (National Research University), «Gubkin University»
Published: May 2021

The influence of nanofibrillar cellulose samples on the coating compositions water retention is considered. It was shown that gels of nanofibrillar cellulose and coating compositions based on them are distinguished by a high water-retention capacity during centrifugation (50.8% and 31.0% versus 17.7% with NaCMC). A preliminary assessment of the printing and technical properties of light weight coated paper (LWC) using nanofibrillar cellulose in the coating composition has been carried out. The technical characteristics of nanofibrillar cellulose have been determined, formulations of lightweight paper coatings have been developed for high-speed modern equipment.
Energy wood production by disk cutting machines with different methods of chip emission
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Babilov, Fokin S.V. , Fomina O.A. ,   State Agrarian University of Northern Zauria
Published: May 2021

The article describes the methodology of physical and mathematical modeling of the mechanism for ejection of chips of a disk chipper. This technique allows you to calculate and optimize the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism. To accomplish this task, the flow of chip elements was divided into separate spherical elements, and the working surfaces of the chip ejection mechanism are represented by a set of fragments of planes conjugated to each other. When creating a mathematical model for calculating and optimizing the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism, the following indicators of the efficiency of the chip ejection mechanism were analyzed: the rate of chip ejection at the exit of the chipping line, the probability of chip ejection from the first revolution of the chipping disk, the mechanical power consumed for the ejection of chips after the stage of crushing the cut residues knives. The mathematical model is implemented in a computer program in the Object Pascal language in the Delphi 7 development environment. The program allows carrying out computer experiments to analyze the movement in the casing and chipping of chips obtained from felling residues and to study the effect of the design and technological parameters of the ejection mechanism on the efficiency of the disk chipper. The computer studies carried out made it possible to determine the best numerical ranges of the chipping disk rotation frequency and the number of blades located on the chipping disk. The likelihood of chip entrainment at the first revolution of the chipping disk and the power consumption for the ejection of chips from the disk chipper were also determined.
Dług publiczny i praktyczne problemy realizacji procedur ostrożnościowych
Authors: Duda Mikołaj
Published: May 2021

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie aktualnych problemów związanych z interpretacją pojęcia długu publicznego na gruncie ustawy o finansach publicznych, jego zgodności z Konstytucją oraz wskazanie wątpliwości wiążących się z ewentualnym zastosowaniem procedur ostrożnościowych dotyczących długu publicznego. Zdaniem autora niektóre przepisy wymagają pilnej interwencji ustawodawcy, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę, że część procedur ostrożnościowych może zwyczajnie nie dać się wcielić w życie.