bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Films Towards Terahertz (THz) Functional Device Applications
Authors: Sahoo Anup Kumar , Au Wei-Chen , Pan Ci-Ling
Published: May 2024

In this study, we explored terahertz (THz) optical properties of the as-deposited and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin-films sputtered on high-resistivity silicon (HR-Si) substrate. We further investigated THz frequency dependence complex refractive indices and conductivity of those as-prepared and annealed ITO thin films. We note the transmittance enhanced from 27 % to 39 % for ITO thin film treated with RTA at 800°C while the real part of conductivity improved from 1019 Ω-1∙cm-1 to 4881 Ω-1∙cm-1 for ITO thin film treated with RTA at 600°C in the frequency range of 0.2 to 1 THz. The mobility, carrier concentration, plasma frequency and relaxation time of those sample were also deduced by fitting the experimental results with the Drude-Smith model. For example, the mobility of 29 cm2/V∙s, 110 cm2/V∙s, 226 cm2/V∙s and 70 cm2/V∙s, respectively is deduced for as-deposited, RTA at 400°C, RTA at 600°C and 800°C of ITO thin-films. In addition, the optical bandgap of those ITO thin films were evaluated with a typical Tauc plot showing extrapolation of photon energy spectrum. The transmittance, absorption coefficient and complex refractive indices of those ITO thin films were extracted by Swanepoel method using experimental transmittance and reflectance spectrum throughout the wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm. Moreover, as expected, the transmittance of the ITO thin film treated with RTA at 800°C is improved at the wavelength of the visible light spectrum. We also displayed the surface morphology, microscopic structural properties and typical chemical composition of as-deposited and RTA at 400°C, RTA at 600°C and 800°C of ITO thin-films. We strongly believed the present study will lead to further enhancement for THz optoelectronics applications.
Exploring Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility in Sporothrix Isolates: A Comparative Study between Feline and Human Hosts
Authors: Fernandes Blenda , Caligiorne Rachel Basques , da Silva Thais Almeida Marques , Campolina Maiara Miranda , La Santrer Emanoelle Rodrigues Rutren , Santiago Iara Furtado , Assunçao Claudia Barbosa , Souza Keterlly Silva Mota de , Valerio Aline Dias , Figueiredo Sonia Maria de , Johann Susana
Published: May 2024

Sporotrichosis’ clinical manifestations, lesions in the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues, it is caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix complex, is a cosmopolitan mycosis that affects humans and animals. This study aimed to identify prevalent species in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and characterize virulence profiles and antifungal susceptibility associated with Sporothrix isolates. Isolates were identified using macro and micro-morphological traits as well molecular biology techniques. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration test, while, virulence factors such as growth at different temperatures, biofilm formation, melanin production, and urease activity were assessed. Our findings revealed S. brasiliensis as a predominant species isolated. Urease activity was a crucial factor associated with growth at 50°C in S. brasiliensis isolates, highlighting their high thermotolerance. Furthermore, strains isolated from humans produced a more robust biofilm compare to those from felines. Strains of S. brasiliensis isolated from Felis catus exhibited faster melanin production, decreased susceptible to antifungal agents tested, and superior growth capacity at 50°C to strains isolated from humans. Therefore, our study highlights the prevalence of S. brasiliensis causing sporotrichosis in both human and felines. However, it underscores the circulation of different strains, with varying levels of virulence and susceptibility to antifungal agents.
Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete: Structural Assessment and Retrofitting
Authors: Di Sarno Luigi of , Albuhairi Danah
Published: May 2024

With challenged early detection came the collapse of a school roof, initiating a storm of public mistrust and hundreds of schools under investigation in the United Kingdom. The culprit is a poorly understood material heavily used in the 1950s to mid-1990s, reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete (RAAC). As a lightweight material with excellent insulation, RAAC was mainly used in roof and floor panels in many parts of the world. However, RAAC has a comparatively weak compressive strength, poor reinforcement anchorage, and high permeability and susceptibility to creep. The uniqueness of RAAC properties is exacerbated by poor manufacturing, negligent construction and maintenance as well as structural deviations from original design intent. Current guidance lacks in specifying RAAC management strategies beyond recommendations for periodic surveying. This paper delivers a state-of-the-art review of the material properties and structural performance of RAAC to recommend improved measures characterised by non-destructive testing methods and digital asset management. The reviewed literature targets understanding the influence of variable environmental exposure conditions, reinforcement condition, operational loading variations, structural deficiencies, and ageing, to predict their effect on the mechanism of RAAC failure. The established risk factors of RAAC are examined to inform of feasible response strategies against specific issues encountered in affected RAAC structures such as inadequate bearings, compromised transverse reinforcement, and environmental conditions.
Comparative analysis of trolley busbar parameters of different geometric shapes under the condition of higher current harmonics
Authors: Bezverkhnia Yuliia Sergiivna , Kotsur Mykhailo Igorovych , Yarymbash Dmytro Serhiiovych , Kotsur Igor Mykhailovych
Published: May 2024

Modern workshop power supply systems can have a significant length. Therefore, their parameters and electrical characteristics have a significant impact on power quality, operation modes of electrical consumers and energy efficiency of technological processes. Available in engineering practice methods of calculation of parameters and characteristics of bus ducts are based on methods of circuit modeling. Circuit parameters are usually determined on the basis of generalized equations. These equations are derived from a number of assumptions, which limits the scope of their use. Alternative methods, based on empirical dependencies, can be used to calculate the electrical parameters and characteristics based on field modeling. Thus, the paper proposes a mathematical two-dimensional field model of electromagnetic processes in the frequency statement of the problem, allowing with high accuracy and efficiency of numerical implementation to decompose electromagnetic processes in the active elements of the trolley busduct and for each relevant amplitude and frequency of the k-th harmonic current to determine the electromagnetic parameters. busduct with regard to their design features, nonlinearity of magnetic and electrical properties of materials, the skin effect, the blitz effect. A general analysis of active and inductive resistances of busduct phase trolleys depending on their shape, material and current harmonic spectrum is performed. The level of asymmetry of busbar parameters caused by proximity effects, surface effects, skin effects and other edge effects is given. It is found that in the presence of higher current harmonics, the parameters (active and reactive supports) of busbar trolley do not depend on the amplitude of k current harmonics, but depend only on their frequency. The level of voltage drop asymmetry for all forms of phase trolley busducts is caused by the asymmetry of their parameters. Among investigated L, W-, I-, U, X-forms of bus duct trolleys it was found that the most optimal form of steel and copper bus duct trolleys is the angular form of trolleys (L-form), which provides the least increment of active and reactive resistance of bus duct trolley, current harmonics, as well as the minimum level of their asymmetry between phases of bus duct trolleys.
Formation and analysis technical-economic model of transformation electricity with applying criterion method
Authors: Cherkashyna Veronika Viktorivna , Baklytskyi Vladyslav Mykolayovych
Published: May 2024

The article presents the formation technical-economic model of electricity transformation in accordance with the strategy of development electric power industry in Ukraine. In connection with the renewal of the values included in the strategy of development of electric networks of Ukraine, there is a need to find the most optimal characteristics of power transformers. To implement this task, it is advisable to use a technical-economic model that has a minimum of objective function, which allows to make economically feasible and reasonable decisions about the parameters of transformers in the design of electrical networks. To fulfill this task, the process of forming a technical-economic model, which allows its analysis by the criterion method. The process of forming the technical-economic model is performed on the basis of technical characteristics of two-winding transformers with a higher voltage of 110 kV in the power range from 10 to 63 MVA. Given the initial technical-economic model, which simplified by approximating the main components by power functions using the least squares method. Given the main conditions used to find the approximation coefficients. Graphs are constructed on the basis of the found approximation coefficients, which allow to estimate the accuracy of the approximation, comparing the approximated values of the parameters of power transformers and the values of the parameters of existing power transformers. The graphs also indicate the key components that affect the overall cost of electricity transformation costs. Presented an algorithm for finding similarity criteria using indicators of the degree of basic approximable parameters. Transformations of the technical-economic model have been performed, which allow to analyse the costs of electricity transformation using the criterion method. Found indicators of similarity criteria on the basis of which the technical-economic model is presented in the criterion form. The reliability of the obtained similarity criteria was assessed by comparing the values of the ratios of the components in the technical-economic model and the ratio obtained on the basis of the similarity criteria. It is substantiated that the obtained similarity criteria, on the first approximation, can be considered close in values to the existing relations.
Simulation of the electric field of a polymer bushing in the Ansys Maxwell software environment
Authors: Shevchenko Serhiy Yuriyovych , Danylchenko Dmytro Oleksiyovych , Potryvay Andriy Eduardovych , Dryvetsky Stanislav Ihorovych , Tsyupa Vladyslav Mykolayovych
Published: May 2024

The article analyses the software tools for modelling the maps of the electric field strength of insulators. The need to address this issue is dictated by the fact that the uneven electric field on the insulators increases the probability of partial discharges that destroy the insulating layer, so it is very important to optimize the electric field strength on the insulator. The design features of bushings and features of partial discharges in them are considered. The distribution of electric field strength in a polymer pass-through operating in an AC network without contaminants is considered. The results of modelling the electric field of insulators in the software environment Ansys Maxwell, which is based on the simulation of the finite element method, are presented. Points in the construction of a 35 kV bushing polymer insulator have been identified, where the highest level of electric field strength is concentrated. A method of influencing the area under study in the area of the flange connection to the ground plate is proposed. This defines the use of a conductive cover placed between the flange and the place of connection to the polymeric insulating layer, which significantly improves the overall electric field strength distribution on the surface of the bushing polymer insulator and makes it competitive compared to the most commonly used porcelain bushings, by increasing the electrical strength of the structure. According to the results of research, a means of optimizing the electric field of the pass-through polymer insulator is proposed, which allows to increase its electric resistance and reduce the electric field strength in the area of flange contact with the mounting surface, which in turn prevents premature partial discharges in the insulating bodies.
Recognition of overheating in different temperature ranges, which is accompanied by discharges of different intensity, based on the dissolved gas analysis
Authors: Kulyk Oleksii
Published: May 2024

In wartime and post-war reconstruction, it is the responsibility of a rather ageing fleet of electricity generation equipment to provide a reliable supply of electricity to the households and industry. The challenge is to ensure operational reliability and to extend the service life of this equipment. Non-destructive testing methods are the most practical in terms of operation. For non-destructive testing of high-voltage power transformers, the dissolved-oil gas analysis is the most common and widely used method. This method, using various diagnostic criteria (value of gas ratios, percentage of gases, etc.), allows most of the defects (both electrical and thermal type) occurring in a transformer to be detected. However, during operation, so-called combined defects can occur, i.e. discharges turning into overheating, or overheating accompanied by discharges. In addition, two or more defects of different types can occur in the same transformer. The values of the criteria used for the recognition of the combined defects differ significantly from the values of the criteria typical for thermal or electrical defects, which significantly complicates the recognition process. The purpose of this article is to analyse the values of diagnostic criteria as well as the recognition reliability of overheating in different temperature ranges, accompanied by discharges with different intensity. For a comprehensive analysis, the results of dissolved gas analysis were used for 471 high-voltage power transformers in which overheating in different temperature ranges, accompanied by discharges of different intensity, were detected. The 471 analysed values were split into 38 arrays with similar gas percentages, gas ratios and defect nomograms. Based on an analysis of the recognition reliability of overheating in different temperature ranges, using the norms and criteria regulated by the best known standards and methods, it was found that the highest recognition reliability is provided by the values of gas ratios, which are regulated by the ETRA Square and also by Nomogram method.
Formation of reference trajectories for transformer oil indicators for 330 kV autotransformers
Authors: Ponomarenko Serhii
Published: May 2024

The article describes the procedure of statistical processing of the results of periodic operational tests of transformer oils condition in 330 kV autotransformer tanks with the purpose of forming the reference trajectories of indicators for early diagnosis of transformer oils. The proposed procedure for statistical processing of the results of periodic operational condition tests of transformer oils includes two stages. At the first stage of statistical processing, to reduce the influence of errors characteristic of in-service control, the stationary dependences of transformer oil indicators on the operation time are eliminated according to mathematical expectation. To solve this problem it was proposed to use a mathematical apparatus of single-factor regression analysis of the indicator of oils on the operation time. Practical realisation of such approach has shown that use of the regression analysis allows to reveal not only stationary dependences of oil indicators (that is those dependences for which with growth of operation time no statistically significant change of mathematical expectation of the indicator is observed, that is equivalent to equality to zero of value of angle coefficient of the regression model), but also dependences of oil indicators distorted by a sign of a pair correlation coefficient of oil indicator on operation time. At the second stage of statistical processing the direct formation of reference trajectories of indicators is carried out. To take into account the non-linear nature of the dependences of oil indicators on the operation time and significant differences in the intensity of ageing of transformer oils in individual transformers, due to differences in design and cooling systems of autotransformers, as well as different brands of transformer oils and differences in operating modes of autotransformers, the criterion of maximum correlation of oil indicator on the operation time was used. The use of this criterion allowed to form the reference trajectories of transformer oil indicators in 330 kV autotransformers even in conditions of limited information about operating modes of analysed autotransformers. The given example of practical use of the proposed procedure in the formation of reference trajectories of organic acids content in oil has demonstrated its high efficiency.
Revolutionizing Fuel Efficiency with Optimal Octane Mixtures
Authors: Ibrahim Mundir Ainun , Akbar Ali
Published: May 2024

Increasing the octane value of fuel can significantly improve engine performance and efficiency. This study explores mixing fuels with different octane ratings to achieve a desired balance of high octane and cost-effectiveness. Fuels with octane numbers 82, 86, 92, and 96 were mixed in various ratios (30%, 50%, 70%) of premium, pertalite, pertamax, and pertamax turbo. Results showed that mixtures like premium and pertalite (octane 85) and premium and pertamax turbo (octane 93) effectively increased octane levels. The study concludes that mixing fuels can enhance octane values and optimize fuel composition for better performance and cost efficiency. Future research could further explore various fuel types and ratios.
Highlight:

Mixing fuels increases octane rating and engine performance.
Optimal fuel composition balances high octane and cost-effectiveness.
Significant results with premium and pertamax turbo mixture.

Keywoard: Octane Rating, Fuel Mixing, Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, Cost-Effective Fuel
Rolling Prairie, Minnesota, beneficial use area : a 100-year plan for multiuse land management and restoration using dredged sediment
Authors: Theiling Charles , Hanson Eric , Adams Daniel , Suedel Burton
Published: May 2024

Inland waterway dredged sediment management is challenged by a lack of capacity in existing dredged material confined disposal facilities (CDFs) and a lack of available land to place sediment near frequently dredged navigation channels. Navigation operation and maintenance (O&M) dredging, material management, and coordination costs are increasing, and alternative long-term solutions are required. In response, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), St. Paul District has addressed the challenge by investigating regional sediment management and beneficial use of dredged material when updating navigation pool–specific dredged material management plans (DMMP). The recently completed Pool 5 DMMP planning identified a 950 acre (384 ha)* placement site consisting of several land parcels available from willing sellers that will accommodate a “100-year plan” for dredged material management (USACE 2019). This technical note describes the multiple-use site plan that creates sand prairie and wetland habitat, provides public access to sand stockpiles, and implements agriculture studies with the University of Minnesota to evaluate the benefits of dredged material (i.e., sand) amendments in alluvial cropland soils, which has not been widely investigated. The Rolling Prairie site will demonstrate benefits of “distributed DMMPs” in which thin-layer placement on agricultural land near dredging locations can supplement traditional disposal methods. It also shows the advantage of having a large placement site to achieve multiple objectives.
Single-cell transcriptomic landscape deciphers olfactory neuroblastoma subtypes and intra-tumoral heterogeneity
Authors: Yu Hongmeng
Published: May 2024

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignancy known to originate from the olfactory epithelium. The complex tumor ecosystem of this pathology remains unclear. Here we explored the cellular components within 10 ONB tumors and 1 olfactory mucosa sample based on single cell RNA profiles. We showed the intra-tumoral heterogeneity by identifying five unique expression programs among malignant epithelial cells. A novel three-classification system (Neural/Basal/Mesenchymal) of ONB was established according to the distinguished gene expression patterns. Biomarkers for categorizing bulk tumors into the new subtypes were elucidated. Different responses towards certain chemotherapy regimens could be cautiously inferred according to the molecular features representing three tumor types,thus helping with precision chemotherapy. Herein, we also analyzed subclusters of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the interactions among different cell types in the TME. Relative abundance of immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages indicated the benefits of immunotherapies targeting macrophages.
Prophages in the infant gut are induced and modulate the functionality of their hosts
Authors: Shah Shiraz , Redgwell Tamsin , Thorsen Jonathan , Petit Marie-Agnès , Deng Ling , Vestergaard Gisle , Russel Jakob , Chawes Bo , Bonnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans , Nielsen Dennis , Sørensen Søren , Stokholm Jakob
Published: May 2024

Background
Gut microbiome (GM) composition and function plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. The gut virome is increasingly being recognised as an important GM player and has been implicated in disease states. However, these studies largely focus on free phages in adults. Here we identify prophages from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) mother-child cohort and investigate their potential functions.
Results
We identified 10645 putative prophages as viral Operational Taxonomic Units (vOTUs) from 662 assembled metagenomes. No core provirome was found: the most prevalent vOTU was identified in ~ 70% of the samples. The most abundant and second most prevalent group of vOTUs in the cohort was a novel cluster closely related to Bacteroides phage Hanky p00’. Functional annotation of this cluster revealed the presence of genes in the dTDP-L-rhamnose pathway, possibly involved in the production of capsular polysaccharides. We also found an abundance of diversity generating retroelements in this cluster. Additionally, paired shotgun virome data allowed us to show that most prophages are induced in at least one sample and that induction is not affected by antibiotics in the 4 weeks prior to sampling.
Conclusions
Prophages in the infant gut are largely unique to the individual and generally not shared. Most of them appear to be induced and so may be key drivers in shaping the bacterial microbiome. The most abundant cluster of prophages in the infant gut is novel and possesses elements that may allow maintaining differentially susceptible subpopulations of their host bacterium; whilst also containing diversity generating retroelements that could expand their host range. In summary, prophages are important components of the infant gut that may have far reaching influences on the composition and function of the microbiome.
Dermal adipogenesis protects against neutrophilic skin inflammation
Authors: Zhang Ling-juan , Zhang Ling-juan , Zhang Ling-juan , Xia Tian , Xia Tian , Xia Tian , Zhang Wenlu , Zhang Wenlu , Zhang Wenlu , Wu Rundong , Wu Rundong , Wu Rundong , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Xiaowei , Xia Rongshuang , Xia Rongshuang , Xia Rongshuang , Hu Xiao , Hu Xiao , Hu Xiao , Wu Shuai , Wu Shuai , Wu Shuai , Liao Yanhang , Liao Yanhang , Liao Yanhang , Li Jiacheng , Li Jiacheng , Li Jiacheng , Liu Youxi , Liu Youxi , Liu Youxi , Liu Yiman , Liu Yiman , Liu Yiman , Guo Zhuolin , Guo Zhuolin , Guo Zhuolin , Zhang Chi , Zhang Chi , Zhang Chi , Chen Ming , Chen Ming , Chen Ming , Lu Jiajing , Lu Jiajing , Lu Jiajing , Shi Yuling , Shi Yuling , Shi Yuling
Published: May 2024

The skin’s immune response to danger signals involves rapid recruitment of neutrophils, but their excessive accumulation leads to inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, and how skin resident cells tolerate neutrophilic inflammation is poorly understood. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is an emerging component of the skin's immune barrier, but its role in controlling skin inflammation remains under-studied. Here, using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, we observed a dynamic coupling between dermal adipogenesis, neutrophil infiltration and regression. During the early inflammatory phase, dWAT repopulates with PDGFRA+ preadipocytes that secrete CXCL1 and SAA3, attracting and activating CXCR2+ neutrophils. These neutrophils further activate preadipocytes through IL1β-IL1R signaling, establishing a self-sustaining inflammatory loop. Prolonged activation of pAds triggers PPARγ-dependent adipogenesis, leading to the formation of early adipocytes that secrete lipids exerting potent anti-inflammatory activity against myeloid cells, thereby aiding in inflammation resolution. Inhibition of adipogenesis, via targeted inhibition of PPARγ, through either pharmacological or genetic approaches, disrupts the formation of early adipocytes and prevents neutrophil regression and inflammation resolution. Analysis of human psoriatic cells identified a dFB subpopulation enriched with preadipocyte, IL1-pathway, and inflammatory gene signatures. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses revealed a negative correlation between neutrophil-related inflammatory response with dermal adipogenesis response in generalized pustular psoriasis. Together, this study highlights the distinct roles of adipogenic fibroblasts and early adipocytes in initiating and resolving skin inflammation and suggests that promoting the differentiation of proinflammatory fibroblasts into anti-inflammatory early adipocytes could open avenues for the treatment of neutrophil-related inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and ulcers.
Comprehensive Assessment of Glaucoma in Patients with High Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with a Discussion on Structural and Functional Imaging Modalities
Authors: Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Erick A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Lima-Gomez Virgilio
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The interplay between myopia and glaucoma has gained attention, with escalating myopia demonstrating a significant association with increased POAG rates, particularly in patients with severe myopia. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between myopia and glaucoma, focusing on the structural and functional implications, risk factors, and assessment modalities, particularly optical coherence tomography (OCT), in highly myopic populations.
Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, a meticulous search strategy was employed across multiple databases from 2012 to 2024. The inclusion criteria included individuals aged 18 years or older with myopia exceeding 6 diopters or an axial length > 26 mm who were diagnosed with chronic glaucoma. Various study designs, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and observational studies, were incorporated. Quality assessment was performed using the Jadad Scale, and statistical analyses were performed to summarize the study characteristics and outcomes.
Results: Of the 350 initial articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria. OCT assessments revealed structural changes such as thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer preceding functional losses. Meta-analyses demonstrated a heightened risk of POAG with increasing myopia severity, showing a significant nonlinear relationship. In this meta-analysis of six studies involving 3,040 patients, we demonstrated a relationship between myopia and glaucoma (OR = 12.0, 95% CI: 10.1–4.7, P <0.00001).
Conclusion: This comprehensive analysis consolidates the evidence of the relationship between myopia and glaucoma, emphasizing the pivotal role of OCT and other imaging modalities in early detection and monitoring.
Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Elliptical Clusters Based On Maximum Cluster Diameter Criteria
Authors: Bipin Pearl
Published: May 2024

Anomaly detection, a fundamental task in data analysis, requires robust mathematical frameworks. We present to you a pioneering anomaly detection algorithm poised to redefine the landscape of data analysis. Within this study, we introduce a novel approach meticulously tailored to the nuanced characteristics of elliptical clusters, showcasing an integration of sophisticated geometric and statistical methodologies. Leveraging robust mathematical frameworks, our algorithm transcends conventional boundaries, promising unprecedented levels of accuracy and efficiency in anomaly detection tasks. Through the convergence of theoretical insights and practical applications, our research heralds a paradigm shift in the domain of data analytics, offering a profound advancement in the identification and interpretation of anomalous data points within complex datasets.
Subject Descriptors: Anomaly Detection, Data Clustering
Categories: I.2.10 [Artificial Intelligence]: Vision and Scene Understanding—Statistical Methods
On the Classification of Regions of the Russian Federation by Level of Socio-Economic Development and Innovation Activity Index
Authors: Vtorygin A. S.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to form an effective tool for classifying the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of innovation activity under technological constraints.Materials and methods. The information and empirical base of the research consists of Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, normative legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, and open set of statistical data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service. The study provides a multidimensional classification of Russian regions using an indicative analysis of the innovative potential of territories and their socio-economic development, clustering by the Ward method and the Euclidean distance metric, as well as analysis, comparison and illustration of the results obtained using methods of visualizing information in tabular, graphical form, including the usage of cartograms.Results. While creating a model of typologization of Russian regions, a system of indicative indexes with both qualitative and quantitative characteristics was formed. Based on them, cluster analysis identifies five clusters of regions according to the level of innovation activity and socio-economic development, which is based on the final weighted average index (Iiv) of development. The results of the study determine the effectiveness of the author’s approach to the issue of typologization of regions, and emphasize the visibility and interactivity of the tools used within the framework of the model. The use of cluster and comparative analysis using weighted average indexes makes it possible to identify non-obvious patterns between the innovative activity of the region and its level of development, as well as to emphasize intuitively expected connections. All this can form a practical basis for developing effective strategies for regional development and improving the quality of life of the population.Conclusion. The study highlights the importance of analyzing the innovative activity of regions in modern conditions of sanctions wars and restrictions on technological imports. The developed model is a comprehensive tool for analyzing the innovative potential and level of development of regions, which allows identifying key factors of innovation activity and potential growth points, and thereby helping to form the basis for the development of strategies and programs for regional development aimed at improving the standard of living of the population.
Problemas sobre el origen y naturaleza de la compraventa obligacional
Authors: Belda Mercado Javier
Published: May 2024

La configuración de la compraventa como contrato consensual generador de obligaciones constituye un logro de la jurisprudencia romana, que consiguió así superar la concepción originaria de la compraventa real, que se encuentra en el antiguo derecho romano, y que renace en el Derecho vulgar como modo de adquirir la propiedad; así pues, surge como negocio autónomo cuando en la práctica mercantil se presenta la necesidad de realizar operaciones comerciales con aplazamiento del pago del precio o la entrega de la mercancía, y el convenio contractual produce obligaciones desde el momento en que las partes se ponen de acuerdo respecto al objeto de la venta y el precio de la misma.
Todo ello consttuye una verdadera revolución en el campo del Derecho, y analizamos las distintas teorías e hipótesis sobre la misma.
Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation on Guiluoshi Anzang Decoction Against Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Long Yunxia , Su Guangheng , Fan Xiangping , He Guozhen , Luo Zhijuan , Luo Songping
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a disease suffered
by women under the age of 40 when ovarian function has declined, seriously affecting both
the physical and mental health of women. Guiluoshi Anzang decoction (GLSAZD) has been
used for a long time and has a unique therapeutic effect on improving ovarian function. This
study aims to investigate the mechanism of GLSAZD in treating POI through network pharmacology,
molecular docking, and experimental verification.

Methods::

In this study, the active ingredients of Guiluoshi Anzang Decoction and the targets of
POI were obtained from TCMSP, BATMANN-TCM, Uniprot, GeneCards, and other databases,
and network pharmacology analysis was performed. Molecular docking was conducted to validate
the affinity of the main active ingredient of GLSAZD to key POI targets. A POI SD rat
model was established, and HE staining, ELISA, Real-time PCR, and Western blot experiments
were performed to verify the predicted core targets and the therapeutic effects.

Results::

10 core targets and the top 5 ingredients were screened out. Molecular docking showed
core targets AKT1, CASP3, TNF, TP53, and IL6 had stable binding with the core 5 ingredients
quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, luteolin, and Stigmasterol. GO and KEGG enrichment
analysis demonstrated the mechanism involved in the positive regulation of gene expression,
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and apoptosis signaling pathways. Animal experiments indicated
GLSAZD could up-regulate the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT1 and the mRNA expression
of STAT3 and VEGF, down-regulate TP53 and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression
in rat`s ovarian tissues and serum TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels, activate PI3K-AKT signaling
pathway and inhibit the apoptosis signaling pathway.

Conclusion::

GLSAZD treats POI through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approaches.
This study provided evidence for its clinical application in treating POI and shed light
on the study of traditional medicine of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China.
Environmental Efficiency of Monsoon Rice (Oryza sativa) Production between Transplanting and Broadcasting Sowing Methods in Myanmar
Authors: Moe Myint Myat , Bunyasiri Isriya , Sirisupluxna Prapinwadee
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Myanmar relies on rice for its food security and economic significance, ranking seventh in the world for rice exports as of 2021. The most significant concern in rice production is exceeding the recommended nitrogen (N) fertilizer usage rate. Nitrogen is a crucial fertilizer for rice production, but it poses negative environmental consequences, such as nitrous oxide emissions. Therefore, this study intended to assess the technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) of monsoon rice production in Myanmar and compare the efficiencies of broadcasting (BC) and transplanting (TP) sowing methods.

Methods

A translog stochastic frontier production function approach estimated the output-oriented technical efficiency and environmental efficiency of monsoon rice production. The study conducted face-to-face interviews with 317 farmers in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar.

Results

The overall mean TE and EE were 81% and 23%, respectively. The average TE and EE for N fertilizer were 84% and 35% using the TP method and 80% and 20% using the BC method, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings confirmed that the TP method was technically and environmentally superior to the BC method. The adoption of the TP method should be promoted by highlighting its positive impacts on achieving sustainable monsoon rice production in Myanmar.
Investigating the Professional Commitment and its Correlation with Patient Safety Culture and Patient Identification Errors: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study from Nurses' Perspectives
Authors: Mehralian Gholamhossein , Yusefi Ali Reza , Ahmadinejad Parvin , Bahmaei Jamshid , Bordbar Shima
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Nurses' professional commitment is crucial to their qualifications, impacting patient safety. This study aims to explore the relationship between nurses' professional commitment and patient safety culture, specifically focusing on patient identification errors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 involving 340 nurses working in educational medical hospitals in southern Iran. Data collection instruments included questionnaires on nurses' professional commitment, patient identification errors, and patient safety culture. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression, were performed using SPSS software version 23, with a significance level set at p = 0.05.

Results

The mean scores for professional commitment, patient safety culture, and errors in patient identification, as perceived by the nurses, were 77.64 ± 14.32 (out of 130), 2.71 ± 0.78 (out of 5), and 16.41 ± 4.58 (out of 32), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between professional commitment and errors in patient identification (r = -0.577, p < 0.001) as well as patient safety culture (r = 0.456, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that nursing job satisfaction, understanding of nursing, self-sacrifice for the nursing profession, and engagement with the nursing profession were predictors of patient safety culture and errors in patient identification (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nurses' professional commitment was found to be at a moderate level. Furthermore, the dimensions of professional commitment significantly influenced patient safety culture and errors in patient identification. To enhance nurses' professional commitment, and subsequently improve patient safety culture and reduce identification errors, it is recommended to implement management mechanisms that increase job satisfaction, understanding, engagement, and professional self-sacrifice among nurses.
Recent Trends in Machine and Deep Learning for Verbal and Non-verbal Emotion Detection
Authors: Chawla Muskan , Panda Surya Narayan , Khullar Vikas , Kansal Isha , Kumar Rajeev
Published: May 2024

Emotion recognition, both verbal and non-verbal, is a crucial component of artificial
intelligence, psychology, and human-computer interaction. Emotion recognition is an integral
component that significantly contributes to the improvement of communication and interaction.
The research endeavors to conduct a thorough analysis and synthesis of the most recent developments
in Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Specifically, the study
concentrates on the recognition of both verbal and non-verbal emotions. In contrast to previous
research concentrated on verbal or non-verbal emotion detection separately, the study attempts to
reconcile the gap between the two by demonstrating how ML and DL can be utilized effectively to
detect emotions. The study also examines new methods, including multimodal data and integration
of contextual information. Additionally, the research has examined the ethical implications
and difficulties associated with emotion detection technologies. Findings have also revealed the
wide-reaching implications for various sectors, including healthcare, education, customer service,
and entertainment, where comprehending human emotions plays a crucial role in enhancing user
experience and outcomes. In conclusion, the study provides invaluable knowledge to practitioners
and researchers, which may facilitate the development of more advanced and accurate systems.
Longitudinal Changes in Diagnostic Accuracy of a Differential Diagnosis List Developed by an AI-Based Symptom Checker: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Harada Yukinori , Sakamoto Tetsu , Sugimoto Shu , Shimizu Taro
Published: May 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) symptom checker models should be trained using real-world patient data to improve their diagnostic accuracy. Given that AI-based symptom checkers are currently used in clinical practice, their performance should improve over time. However, longitudinal evaluations of the diagnostic accuracy of these symptom checkers are limited.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the longitudinal changes in the accuracy of differential diagnosis lists created by an AI-based symptom checker used in the real world.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. Patients who visited an outpatient clinic without an appointment between May 1, 2019, and April 30, 2022, and who were admitted to a community hospital in Japan within 30 days of their index visit were considered eligible. We only included patients who underwent an AI-based symptom checkup at the index visit, and the diagnosis was finally confirmed during follow-up. Final diagnoses were categorized as common or uncommon, and all cases were categorized as typical or atypical. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of the differential diagnosis list created by the AI-based symptom checker, defined as the final diagnosis in a list of 10 differential diagnoses created by the symptom checker. To assess the change in the symptom checker’s diagnostic accuracy over 3 years, we used a chi-square test to compare the primary outcome over 3 periods: from May 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020 (first year); from May 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021 (second year); and from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022 (third year).

Results

A total of 381 patients were included. Common diseases comprised 257 (67.5%) cases, and typical presentations were observed in 298 (78.2%) cases. Overall, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis list created by the AI-based symptom checker was 172 (45.1%), which did not differ across the 3 years (first year: 97/219, 44.3%; second year: 32/72, 44.4%; and third year: 43/90, 47.7%; P=.85). The accuracy of the differential diagnosis list created by the symptom checker was low in those with uncommon diseases (30/124, 24.2%) and atypical presentations (12/83, 14.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, common disease (P<.001; odds ratio 4.13, 95% CI 2.50-6.98) and typical presentation (P<.001; odds ratio 6.92, 95% CI 3.62-14.2) were significantly associated with the accuracy of the differential diagnosis list created by the symptom checker.

Conclusions

A 3-year longitudinal survey of the diagnostic accuracy of differential diagnosis lists developed by an AI-based symptom checker, which has been implemented in real-world clinical practice settings, showed no improvement over time. Uncommon diseases and atypical presentations were independently associated with a lower diagnostic accuracy. In the future, symptom checkers should be trained to recognize uncommon conditions.
Pooled Cohort Profile: ReCoDID Consortium’s Harmonized Acute Febrile Illness Arbovirus Meta-Cohort
Authors: Gómez Gustavo , Hufstedler Heather , Montenegro Morales Carlos , Roell Yannik , Lozano-Parra Anyela , Tami Adriana , Magalhaes Tereza , Marques Ernesto T A , Balmaseda Angel , Calvet Guilherme , Harris Eva , Brasil Patricia , Herrera Victor , Villar Luis , Maxwell Lauren , Jaenisch Thomas ,   ReCoDID Arbovirus harmonization study group
Published: May 2024

Infectious disease (ID) cohorts are key to advancing public health surveillance, public policies, and pandemic responses. Unfortunately, ID cohorts often lack funding to store and share clinical-epidemiological (CE) data and high-dimensional laboratory (HDL) data long term, which is evident when the link between these data elements is not kept up to date. This becomes particularly apparent when smaller cohorts fail to successfully address the initial scientific objectives due to limited case numbers, which also limits the potential to pool these studies to monitor long-term cross-disease interactions within and across populations. CE data from 9 arbovirus (arthropod-borne viruses) cohorts in Latin America were retrospectively harmonized using the Maelstrom Research methodology and standardized to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). We created a harmonized and standardized meta-cohort that contains CE and HDL data from 9 arbovirus studies from Latin America. To facilitate advancements in cross-population inference and reuse of cohort data, the Reconciliation of Cohort Data for Infectious Diseases (ReCoDID) Consortium harmonized and standardized CE and HDL from 9 arbovirus cohorts into 1 meta-cohort. Interested parties will be able to access data dictionaries that include information on variables across the data sets via Bio Studies. After consultation with each cohort, linked harmonized and curated human cohort data (CE and HDL) will be made accessible through the European Genome-phenome Archive platform to data users after their requests are evaluated by the ReCoDID Data Access Committee. This meta-cohort can facilitate various joint research projects (eg, on immunological interactions between sequential flavivirus infections and for the evaluation of potential biomarkers for severe arboviral disease).