bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Peering through the window looking in”: postgraduate experiences of non-belonging and belonging in relation to mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Morris Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore belonging in relation to postgraduate wellbeing in the light of renewed concerns about the mental health and wellbeing this group of learners. It attends to postgraduates’ subjective wellbeing, identifying ways in which this is intertwined with a sense of belonging. Belonging is situated in relation to the social domains of postgraduate experiences. This paper seeks to contribute in-depth understandings of postgraduate experiences, to make recommendations for practice and to identify fruitful paths for further theorisation and research.

Design/methodology/approach

Two qualitative data sets situated in UK higher education are drawn on here: firstly, longitudinal qualitative data entailing 33 narrative interviews and written reflections of doctoral researchers were collected as part of a phenomenological study of doctoral learning. Secondly, interview data from 20 postgraduates (including masters, professional doctorates and PhD researchers) were collected as part of mixed method qualitative case study research into postgraduate wellbeing. Postgraduate participants were based in the social sciences, humanities, arts and professional disciplines at a cross-section of UK higher education institutions. Data were analysed thematically with a focus on interconnections between wellbeing, learning and belonging.

Findings

A sense of belonging arose as a key contributing factor to postgraduate wellbeing. Belonging emerged as multi-faceted, interlinking with spatial, relational and cultural factors which are likely to be experienced in different ways and degrees depending on positionalities. Experiences of belonging and non-belonging are understood as produced through academic cultures and structural inequities. They also pertain to the uncertain, in-between position of postgraduate learners. For postgraduates, and doctoral researchers especially, reaching a sense of belonging to academia was a profoundly important aspect of their journeys. Conversely, lack of belonging is linked with poor mental wellbeing and engagement with studies.

Originality/value

This paper engages with the neglected social domain of wellbeing. Attending to subjective perceptions of wellbeing enabled nuanced understandings of the links between wellbeing and belonging. It identifies spatial, relational and cultural dimensions of postgraduate belonging, contributing an understanding of how feelings of non-belonging manifest, how belonging might be nurtured, and how this potentially contributes to postgraduates’ wellbeing.
How Brazilian therapeutic communities are facing COVID-19?
Authors: Kurlander Pablo , Diniz Antony Tomaz , Godoy Guilherme , Barreto Katia Isicawa de Sousa , MacDonald-Winship Lewis
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to reflect upon the findings of a fast-track study carried out in April 2020, by the Brazilian Federation of Therapeutic Communities, focused on the impact of the first measures taken by the Brazilian therapeutic communities (TCs) in response to COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

An electronic survey was disseminated to TCs in the different regions of Brazil through online platforms. A total of 144 TCs responses were used in the final analysis. The survey collected the following information: suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 (only one case of COVID-19 was confirmed), changes in treatment protocols, the impact in admissions and daily activities and the safety measures adopted to stop or reduce the transmission between residents, families and staff.

Findings

The survey successfully collected general data regarding interruptions (82.6% of TCs interrupted admissions, 100% of TCs interrupted volunteer’s activities, 94% of TCs interrupted family visits and 93% of TCs interrupted external activities).

Research limitations/implications

The caveat of this study is the fact that there were tight deadlines for the TCs to generate their responses and the limited availability of staff to answer long surveys. Because of this, the study could not explore other important qualitative data. The results were shared in Brazil and Latin America with the staff of TCs, the national Federations of Therapeutic Communities and government agencies linked with them, in all Latin America.

Originality/value

This research aims to contribute to the adoption of developed prophylaxis and prevention protocols in response to COVID-19.
The therapist, the group and I: how therapeutic alliance moderates the effect of group cohesion on outcomes
Authors: Vicente Sofia , Ferreira Laura Inês , Jiménez-Ros Antonia María , Carmo Cláudia , Janeiro Luís
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether the influence of group cohesion on the outcomes depended on the levels of the therapeutic alliance.

Design/methodology/approach

Sixteen individuals with a substance use disorder who were undergoing treatment in a therapeutic community responded to therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, craving and outcomes measures after every therapeutic small group session for a period of six weeks. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical linear modeling.

Findings

Results indicate that the effect of group cohesion is stronger when there is a high therapeutic alliance between resident and therapist.

Originality/value

Even on group interventions, to enhance group cohesion effects on outcomes, therapists must foster higher therapeutic alliance levels. The findings point out the importance of studying the effect of common factors on outcomes.
Dermatologist’s role in a cancer hospital: An overview of in‐hospital consultations
Authors: Sasaki Jin , Matsui Yu , Takatsuka Sumiko , Takenouchi Tatsuya
Published: April 2021

As cancer treatment advances, the need for dermatologists in the treatment process is increasing. Cancer patients often experience cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases and dermatological adverse events from chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and stem cell transplants. These diminish patients’ health‐related quality of life and negatively affect cancer treatment adherence. To identify the dermatologist’s role, we analyzed 893 cases of in‐hospital dermatology consultations at the Niigata Cancer Center Hospital during 2019. The number of dermatology consultations was the second highest among all hospital departments. Malignant tumors accounted for 91.7% of the underlying diseases, including hematological, gastrointestinal, and lung cancer as the top three primary cancers. The most common consultation category was inflammatory skin disorders (29.2%), followed by chemotherapy‐related skin disorders (23.5%), cutaneous infections (11.5%), skin tumors (9.5%), and continued treatment of pre‐existing skin disorders (8.8%). The average intervention time was the longest for continued treatment of existing skin disorders (229 ± 60.6 days), followed by malignant wound management (126 ± 60.6 days) and chemotherapy‐related skin disorders (122 ± 60.6 days). The median overall survival time of the 27 patients in the malignant wound management group was 5 months (95% confidence interval, 1.8–8.2 months) from the initial dermatology consultation. Our results show an increasing demand for dermatologists in cancer management. However, the number of full‐time dermatologists is insufficient in some Japanese cancer hospitals. There is a need to consider increasing the number of adequately trained dermatologists in cancer medical settings.
A narrative review of mental and relational health interventions for children in family‐based out‐of‐home care
Authors: Tarren‐Sweeney Michael
Published: April 2021

The present article reviews the evidence base for psychosocial interventions provided to children in family‐based out‐of‐home care that seek to improve children’s mental health, felt security, and/or the quality, strength or permanence of their attachment relationships. The review identified very few high‐quality treatment trials carried out with this population. The interventions with the strongest demonstrated efficacy are Keeping Foster Parents Trained and Supported (KEEP) and Attachment and Biobehavioral Catchup (ABC). KEEP’s effectiveness has also been demonstrated in a community setting. Complex attachment‐ and trauma‐related difficulties manifested by children in care following early maltreatment follow a long‐term developmental course and have trait‐like durability. Treatment trials should be designed as long‐term studies, providing at least several years of post‐treatment assessment.

Practitioner points

Very few high‐quality intervention trials have been conducted with children and adolescents in out‐of‐home care and/or their caregivers.

The interventions with the strongest demonstrated efficacy are Keeping Foster Parents Trained and Supported (KEEP) and Attachment and Biobehavioral Catchup (ABC).

Given the enduring nature of complex trauma‐ and attachment‐related problems, treatment trials should include long‐term follow‐up mental health and relational measures.

The effectiveness of treatments administered directly to adolescents are moderated by caregiver involvement and ‘buy‐in’.
The influence of tree management practices on phenological growth stages of Ulmus pumila L. (Siberian elm)
Authors: Amorós María de la Cruz , Mauri Pedro Vicente , Curt María Dolores
Published: April 2021

There is a growing interest in Ulmus pumila L. as a forest plant species in harsh environments, as well as a woody short‐rotation crop for biomass production in marginal lands. In countries where U. pumila is allochthonous, concerns have been raised on the easy spread of this species, on the grounds that it produces large quantities of wind‐dispersed fruits with high potential germination success. Knowledge of the phenological responses of this species to management practices is essential to evaluate the risk of invasion to adjacent lands. This work addresses the phenology of U. pumila according the BBCH scale and the effect of short‐rotation coppicing and plant density on phenological growth stages of this species. Results showed that there is little effect of plant density on the phenology of non‐managed trees grown in regular plantations. On the contrary, short‐rotation coppice influences greatly the vegetative and reproductive phenology of Siberian elm. High plant densities, winter harvesting and 2‐year rotation guarantee that fruit dispersal will not happen.
Peptide location fingerprinting reveals modification‐associated biomarker candidates of ageing in human tissue proteomes
Authors: Ozols Matiss , Eckersley Alexander , Mellody Kieran T. , Mallikarjun Venkatesh , Warwood Stacey , O'Cualain Ronan , Knight David , Watson Rachel E. B. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Swift Joe , Sherratt Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Although dysfunctional protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a key factor in many age‐related diseases, the untargeted identification of structurally modified proteins remains challenging. Peptide location fingerprinting is a proteomic analysis technique capable of identifying structural modification‐associated differences in mass spectrometry (MS) data sets of complex biological samples. A new webtool (Manchester Peptide Location Fingerprinter), applied to photoaged and intrinsically aged skin proteomes, can relatively quantify peptides and map statistically significant differences to regions within protein structures. New photoageing biomarker candidates were identified in multiple pathways including extracellular matrix organisation (collagens and proteoglycans), protein synthesis and folding (ribosomal proteins and TRiC complex subunits), cornification (keratins) and hemidesmosome assembly (plectin and integrin α6β4). Crucially, peptide location fingerprinting uniquely identified 120 protein biomarker candidates in the dermis and 71 in the epidermis which were modified as a consequence of photoageing but did not differ significantly in relative abundance (measured by MS1 ion intensity). By applying peptide location fingerprinting to published MS data sets, (identifying biomarker candidates including collagen V and versican in ageing tendon) we demonstrate the potential of the MPLF webtool for biomarker discovery.
Simultaneous detection of sperm membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry: A novel and rapid tool for sperm analysis
Authors: Da Costa Raul , Redmann Klaus , Schlatt Stefan
Published: April 2021

Background

Sperm DNA integrity has become one of the most discussed and promising biomarkers for the assessment of male fertility. However, an easy‐to‐apply method capable of estimating DNA fragmentation in the live fraction of spermatozoa has remained elusive, preventing this parameter from being fully applied in clinical settings.

Objectives

To validate a novel co‐staining for the analysis of DNA fragmentation in membrane‐intact spermatozoa.

Materials and methods

Normozoospermic semen samples were used to validate the co‐staining consisting of acridine orange (AO) and LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain (LD), against established methods for the evaluation of cell viability, propidium iodide stain (PI), and DNA fragmentation, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), to rule out cross‐interference. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was tested by the evaluation of samples prepared with different amounts of membrane and DNA damage (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%).

Results

No significant differences were observed between the co‐staining and the established staining procedures (membrane integrity, p = 0.755; DNA fragmentation p = 0.976). Moreover, high R square values were obtained from the analysis of samples of known membrane (R2 = 0.9959) and DNA damage (R2 = 0.9843). The simultaneous assaying of sperm membrane integrity and nuclear DNA fragmentation allowed the analysis of four sperm categories and thereby to assess the proportion of membrane‐intact spermatozoa with compromised DNA integrity.

Discussion and Conclusion

This new protocol has the potential to provide clinically relevant information about the DNA fragmentation in membrane‐intact spermatozoa. Thus, it has the potential of improving the diagnostic of male infertility and enabling a better understanding of sperm dysfunction.
Perinatal risk factors associated with central retinal changes in former preterm children on optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Lavric Alenka , Markelj Spela , Ding Jianbin , Mahajan Sarakshi , Agrawal Rupesh , Tekavcic Pompe Manca
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To assess the association between perinatal risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and central retinal structures of former preterm children seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 40 children with a history of preterm birth and 33 healthy full‐term children. We documented their birth weight, gestational age, other significant risk factors for ROP development and presence of ROP. Imaging was performed using swept‐source OCTA, and quantitative evaluation was performed. Analytic parameters included the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal depth (FD), central subfoveal retinal thickness (CSFT) and capillary density index (CDI) of the deep and superficial capillary plexus.

Results

Preterm children had significantly smaller FAZ, lower FD and higher CSFT compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Both groups exhibited no differences in total CDI at the superficial (p = 0.969) and deep capillary plexus (p = 0.370). The duration of mechanical ventilation correlated negatively with FAZ and FD but positively with CSFT. The duration of supplemental oxygen treatment correlated negatively with FD. The presence of intraventricular haemorrhage correlated negatively with FAZ and FD but positively with CSFT. Regression analysis found that the duration of mechanical ventilation and the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with lower FD (p = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively) and higher CSFT (p = 0.002 and 0.028, respectively).

Conclusion

Central retinal anomalies were identified in former preterm children using OCTA. Macular changes were associated with several risk factors for ROP development.
Ophthalmic complications of Lemierre syndrome
Authors: Kreuzpointner Robert , Valerio Luca , Corsi Gabriele , Zane Federica , Sacco Clara , Holm Karin , Righini Christian , Pecci Alessandro , Zweifel Sandrine , Barco Stefano
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Lemierre syndrome is a life‐threatening condition characterized by head/neck bacterial infection, local suppurative thrombophlebitis and septic embolic complications in a range of sites of distant organs. No prior study focused on the course and characteristics of ophthalmic complications of Lemierre syndrome.

Methods

We analysed data of 27 patients with ophthalmic complications from a large cohort of 712 cases with Lemierre syndrome reported globally between 2000 and 2017. We focused on initial manifestations, early (in‐hospital) course and long‐term ophthalmic deficits at the time of hospital discharge or during postdischarge follow‐up. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (CRD42016052572).

Results

Nine (33%) patients were women; the median age was 20 (Q1–Q3: 15–33) years. Fusobacterium spp. was involved in 56% of cases. The most prevalent initial manifestations were decreased vision (35%) and periocular oedema (38%), followed by impaired eye movements/nerve palsy (28%) and proptosis (28%). Venous involvement, notably cerebral vein thrombosis (70%) and ophthalmic vein thrombosis (55%), explained the symptomatology in most cases. Septic embolism (7%), orbital abscesses (2%) and carotid stenosis (14%) were also present. Ophthalmic sequelae were reported in 9 (33%) patients, often consisting of blindness or reduced visual acuity, and nerve paralysis/paresis.

Conclusion

Ophthalmic complications represent a severe manifestation of Lemierre syndrome, often reflecting an underlying cerebral vein thrombosis. Visual acuity loss and long‐term severe complications are frequent. We call for an interdisciplinary approach to the management of patients with Lemierre syndrome and the routine involvement of ophthalmologists.
Association between plasma free fatty acid levels and primary angle‐closure glaucoma based on a mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis
Authors: Qin Yuting , Feng Xiaofei , Luo Huihuan , Liu Shengqiang , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Xi , Yang Qian , Zhao Qi , Cao Yunfeng , Li Jingmin , Fang Zhongze , Wang Shuai
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To determine the association between plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods

Free fatty acid (FFA) levels in patients with PACG (n = 181) and people without glaucoma (n = 340) were compared. Twenty‐two FFAs and six lipid classes were measured using metabolomics analysis. Odds ratio (OR) of these metabolites and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for PACG were obtained by logistic regression. Stepwise forward selection was performed to identify FFAs that influenced PACG risk. Areas under the curve (AUC) were applied to assess the predictive performance. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between ocular parameters and FFAs.

Results

Most FFAs in the PACG group were lower than those in the non‐glaucoma group. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; OR for fourth quartile (Q4) vs. first quartile (Q1): 0.32 (0.16–0.66); per standard deviation (SD) increase: 0.64 (0.49–0.83); p for trend: 0.0007) and total saturated fatty acids (SFAs; OR for Q4 versus Q1: 0.27 (0.13–0.56); per SD increase: 0.65 (0.50–0.87); p for trend: 0.0004) were associated with decreased PACG risk. The AUC of the model that included DHA, total SFAs, demographic and ophthalmic factors increased from 0.8230 (0.7811–0.8649) to 0.8512 (0.8133–0.8891) (increased AUC: 0.0282 (0.0112–0.0453); p for increased AUC: 0.0012). Additionally, the cup‐disc ratio had a weak negative correlation with DHA and total SFAs (DHA: r = −0.12085, p = 0.0065; total SFAs: r = −0.13318, p = 0.0024).

Conclusions

Decrease in FFA levels may be related to lipid peroxidation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total SFAs may be screening indices for PACG patients.
Clinical features of congenital complete vaginal atresia combined with cervical aplasia: A retrospective study of 19 patients and literature review
Authors: Mei Ling , Zhang Heng , Chen Yueyue , Niu Xiaoyu
Published: April 2021

Congenital vaginal atresia is a rare congenital reproductive tract abnormality. To assess the clinical manifestations and feasibility of preserving uterus for congenital complete vaginal atresia with cervical aplasia, nineteen cases who underwent surgical treatment in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively studied. The cervical status, clinical manifestations, the rate of vaginal re‐stenosis and pelvic inflammation after surgery were assessed. Additional 101 similar cases searched through digital Pub Med were included to analyze the feasibility of preserving the uterus. Periodic abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, and pelvic mass were the primary signs and symptoms. According to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all the uterine cavities expanded, and the atresia sites were above the inner urethral orifice. Data of the cases preserving uteri from both our hospital and the literature showed the rate of re‐stenosis in patients with external cervical obstruction was 15.9% while it was 40% in the other types of cervical aplasia (P = .026). The rate of recurrent pelvic inflammation and hysterectomy was 2.3% for cervical external os obstruction and 8% for the other cervical aplasia types(P = .296). In conclusion, vaginoplasty and cervicovaginal anastomosis could preserve the fertility for complete vaginal atresia with cervical external os obstruction.
Analyzing the Museum Experience Through the Lens of Instagram Posts
Authors: Rhee Bo‐A , Pianzola Federico , Choi Gang‐Ta
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine visitors’ Instagram posts through a combination of quantitative methods to cast light on museum experiences. To analyze a large quantity of Instagram data, we used computer vision and semantic analysis. The results of hashtag analysis showed that informative hashtags were the most prominent for all museums. It is notable that the geo‐related hashtags, such as exhibition venue and local information, accounted for a significant portion of the total data. Little to no evidence of viewing experience or emotional response can be derived from the results of hashtag analysis. In the image analysis of Instagram post, art exhibition, artifact and architecture were dominant, but the space within and around museums is also relevant. Thus, Instagram images can be an important component for understanding what is occurring within and around the museum when people move to take photographs and share these experiences on Instagram. This research offers a method for image analysis easily replicable by museums and insight about how to interpret the results for planning activities of audience development.
Incidence of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy in an established urban screening programme: An 11‐year cohort study
Authors: Cheyne Christopher P. , Burgess Philip I. , Broadbent Deborah M. , García‐Fiñana Marta , Stratton Irene M , Criddle Ticiana , Wang Amu , Alshukri Ayesh , Rahni Mehrdad M. , Vazquez‐Arango Pilar , Vora Jiten P. , Harding Simon P. ,   ISDR Study Group
Published: April 2021

Aims

Systematic annual screening to detect sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) is established in the United Kingdom. We designed an observational cohort study to provide up‐to‐date data for policy makers and clinical researchers on incidence of key screening endpoints in people with diabetes attending one screening programme running for over 30 years.

Methods

All people with diabetes aged ≥12 years registered with general practices in the Liverpool health district were offered inclusion. Data sources comprised: primary care (demographics, systemic risk factors), Liverpool Diabetes Eye Screening Programme (retinopathy grading), Hospital Eye Services (slit lamp biomicroscopy assessment of screen positives).

Results

133,366 screening episodes occurred in 28,384 people over 11 years. Overall incidences were: screen positive 6.7% (95% CI 6.5–6.8), screen positive for retinopathy 3.1% (3.0–3.1), unassessable images 2.6% (2.5–2.7), other significant eye diseases 1.0% (1.0–1.1). 1.6% (1.6–1.7) had sight‐threatening retinopathy confirmed by slit lamp biomicroscopy. The annual incidence of screen positive and screen positive for retinopathy showed consistent declines from 8.8%–10.6% and 4.4%–4.6% in 2007/09 to 4.4%–6.8% and 2.3%–2.9% in 2013/17, respectively. Rates of STDR (true positive) were consistently below 2% after 2008/09. Screen positive rates were higher in first time attenders (9.9% [9.4–10.2] vs. 6.1% [6.0–6.2]) in part due to ungradeable images (4.1% vs. 2.3%) and other eye disease (2.4% vs. 0.8%). 4.5% (3.9–5.2) of previous non‐attenders had sight‐threatening retinopathy. Compared with people with type 2 diabetes, those with type 1 disease demonstrated higher rates of screen positive (11.9% vs. 6.0%) and STDR (6.4% vs. 1.2%). Overall prevalence of any retinopathy was 27.2% (27.0–27.4).

Conclusions

In an established screening programme with a stable population screen, positive rates show a consistent fall over time to a low level. Of those who are screen positive, fewer than 50% are screen positive for diabetic retinopathy. Most are due to sight threatening maculopathy. The annual incidence of STDR is under 2% suggesting future work on redefining screen positive and supporting extended intervals for people at low risk. Higher rates of screen positive and STDR are seen in first time attenders. Those who have never attended for screening should be specifically targeted.
Trends in the use of antihistamines with reference to drivers between 2015 and 2019: A population‐based registry analysis
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Abejón Eduardo , Herrera‐Gómez Francisco , Álvarez Francisco Javier
Published: April 2021

Background

First‐generation antihistamines are considered driving‐impairing medicines (DIM), while second‐ and third‐generation antihistamines are relatively safe for driving.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to know the trend of consumption of antihistamines and other DIMs in Spain between 2015 and 2019.

Methods

This is a population‐based registry study. The population distribution by age and gender has been taken into account, as well the treatment duration with these medicines and the concomitant use of other DIMs. Adjusted consumption for licensed drivers is also presented.

Results

Between 2015 and 2019, antihistamines were dispensed to 12.1% of the population and 9.25% of drivers. Oral antihistamines are the most consumed with 85.83%, and generally more used by women than men. Regardless of systemic antihistamines, the second‐generation were the most consumed (8.9%) followed by the third‐generation (2.07%) and the first‐generation (0.61%). Subacute use was predominant in second ‐generation antihistamines (4.96%) and third‐generation (1.26%), while acute use was predominant in third‐generation antihistamines. On the other hand, only 0.36% of the population consumed antihistamines daily. The concomitant use of antihistamines with other DIMS was considerable, especially anxiolytics, opioids, other analgesics and antipyretics and antidepressants. The results in drivers were similar than in the general population.

Conclusions

The use of antihistamines has increased in recent years, however, in Spain, the use of less sedatives predominates, which is safe for driving. Finally, it is important to consider that concomitant use with other DIMs was frequent, which may affect the fitness to drive.
Monopoly rents, institutions, and bribery
Authors: Zhu Boliang , Deng Qing
Published: April 2021

Why do some firms pay more bribes than others? We extend the literature by examining the role of one crucial, but overlooked industry characteristic—fixed‐asset intensity—in shaping firms' bribe payments. High fixed‐asset intensity creates natural entry barriers, thereby resulting in market concentration and opportunities for monopoly rent extraction. High rents, in turn, increase the value of government officials' “control rights” and thus their incentive to engage in predatory behavior. Firms in fixed‐asset intensive industries therefore have strong incentives to pay bribes in exchange for de facto property rights. We further posit that strong enforcement of the law weakens this quid pro quo by providing security for property rights and increasing the risk for government officials' behaving corruptly. We find empirical support for our arguments based on data from a large firm survey in China. Our findings have important implications for governance and industrial regulations in developing countries.
DNA mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry – an illustrated guide
Authors: Bateman Adrian C
Published: April 2021

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an essential physiological process for correcting mutations occurring during DNA replication. Deficient MMR (dMMR) leads to increased tumour mutational burden, with a heightened risk of neoplasia. Demonstration of dMMR via the immunohistochemical assessment of MMR proteins is useful when screening for inherited cancer syndromes (especially Lynch syndrome) and for the prediction of clinical cancer response to conventional chemotherapy and novel immunotherapies. Identification of dMMR may also be helpful in other situations e.g. when considering a diagnosis of conventional dysplasia in sessile serrated lesions of the large intestine. This article provides a practical illustrated guide to DNA MMR interpretation, using a series of clinical examples.
Bcl‐2‐negative IGH‐BCL2 translocation‐negative follicular lymphoma of the thyroid differs genetically and epigenetically from Bcl‐2‐positive IGH‐BCL2 translocation‐positive follicular lymphoma
Authors: Hamamoto Yuichiro , Kukita Yoji , Kitamura Masanori , Kurashige Masako , Masaie Hiroaki , Fuji Shigeo , Ishikawa Jun , Honma Keiichiro , Wakasa Tomoko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Morii Eiichi , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi
Published: April 2021

Aims

Follicular lymphoma (FL), comprising a minor subset of primary thyroid lymphomas, is divided into two groups based on Bcl‐2 expression and IGH‐BCL2 translocation. The clinicopathological features exhibited by Bcl‐2‐negative IGH‐BCL2 translocation‐negative FL of the thyroid (Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFL) are different from those of conventional FL; however, its lymphomagenesis remains unclear. Here, we collected samples from seven patients with Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFL to investigate their epigenetic and genetic aberrations.

Methods and results

The immunohistochemical profiles of epigenetic modifiers and the methylation status of histones were examined, including EZH2, MLL2/KMT2D, CBP/CREBBP, EP300, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, in Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFL and Bcl‐2‐positive IGH‐BCL2 translocation‐positive FL of the thyroid (Bcl‐2+/IGH‐BCL2+ tFL). Most Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFLs retained the positivity of epigenetic modifiers and lower expression of H3K27me3, although Bcl‐2+/IGH‐BCL2+ tFLs exhibited aberrant immunohistochemical patterns of EZH2 and CBP/CREBBP and overexpression of H3K27me3. Samples from seven cases were further analysed using targeted sequencing, focusing on the exons of 409 key tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFLs do not have pathogenic mutations of epigenetic modifiers, such as EZH2, MLL2/KMT2D, MLL3/KMT2C, EP300 and ARID1A, which have been reported in FLs in the literature, whereas Bcl‐2+/IGH‐BCL2+ tFLs are probably pathogenic/pathogenic missense mutations or frameshift mutations of these genes. Additionally, novel mutations in TET2 and EP400 were detected in Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFLs.

Conclusions

Different genetic and epigenetic abnormalities might be involved in the oncogenesis of Bcl‐2–/IGH‐BCL2– tFLs from Bcl‐2+/IGH‐BCL2+ tFLs and other FLs.
Improving dental‐oral health learning in students using a mobile application (“My tooth“): A controlled before and after study
Authors: Rahaei Zohreh , Moradian Elham , Falahati‐Marvast Fatemeh
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Tooth decay is one of the most common problems amongst students. Despite considerable educational interventions, it is still very prevalent. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a dental‐oral health mobile educational application with the common dental‐oral health education amongst elementary school students.

Methods

This interventional study was carried out on 158 girl students in the age range of 10–12 years in Mobarakeh City, Iran. The participants were categorized into the intervention and control groups and investigated in the academic year of 2018–2019. The research tool was a researcher‐made questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. Initially, all students completed the questionnaires. Later, the intervention group members were trained using dental‐oral health mobile educational application and control group received the common dental‐oral health educations in lectures and demonstrations. Two months after the last intervention, the same questionnaire was completed and data were analysed by SPSS software.

Results

Before the intervention, the mean score of behaviour was 13.69 ± 3.89 and 13.93 ± 3.02 (of 21) for the intervention and control groups. At this phase, the difference between the two groups was not significant in the studied dimensions (p > 0.05). After the intervention, mean scores of the intervention group increased significantly with regard to all variables (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Findings of this study confirmed the positive effect of learning through mobile applications on increasing the students' knowledge, attitude and performance regarding dental‐oral health education.
Comparative phylogeography reveals consistently shallow genetic diversity in a mitochondrial marker in Antarctic bdelloid rotifers
Authors: Cakil Zeyneb Vildan , Garlasché Giuseppe , Iakovenko Nataliia , Di Cesare Andrea , Eckert Ester M. , Guidetti Roberto , Hamdan Lina , Janko Karel , Lukashanets Dzmitry , Rebecchi Lorena , Schiaparelli Stefano , Sforzi Tommaso , Kašparová Eva Štefková , Velasco‐Castrillón Alejandro , Walsh Elizabeth J. , Fontaneto Diego
Published: April 2021

Aim

The long history of isolation of the Antarctic continent, coupled with the harsh ecological conditions of freezing temperatures, could affect the patterns of genetic diversity in the organisms living there. We aim (a) to test whether such pattern can be seen in a mitochondrial marker of bdelloid rotifers, a group of microscopic aquatic and limno‐terrestrial animals and (b) to speculate on the potential mechanisms driving the pattern.

Location

Focus on Antarctica.

Taxon

Rotifera Bdelloidea.

Methods

We analysed different metrics of genetic diversity, also spatially explicit ones, including number of haplotypes, accumulation curves, genetic distances, time to the most recent common ancestor, number of independently evolving units from DNA taxonomy, strength of the correlation between geographical and genetic distances, population genetics neutrality and differentiation indices, potential historical processes, obtained from an extensive sample of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences obtained from bdelloid rotifers. We included 2242 individuals from 23 species in a comparison between Antarctic and non‐Antarctic taxa, correcting for sample size directly in the analyses and then by confirming the results also using only a restricted dataset of nine well‐sampled species.

Results

Antarctic species had consistently lower genetic diversity and potential younger relative age than non‐Antarctic species, even if they were similar in sample size, geographical extent, neutrality and differentiation indices, and correlation between genetic and geographical distances.

Main conclusions

The extensive survey of genetic diversity in one mitochondrial marker in Antarctic bdelloids supports previous suggestions from other organisms that the origin and maintenance of terrestrial Antarctic fauna are different from those of other continents. Such differences could be speculated to be due, in the case of bdelloid rotifers, to the more recent origin of the species living there in comparison to non‐Antarctic species.
Atopic dermatitis among children and adolescents in the Arctic region – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Andersson A.M. , Halling A.S. , Loft N. , Skov L. , Koch A. , Guttman‐Yassky E. , Thyssen J.P.
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) varies across the globe, and the clinical phenotype with racial background and ethnicity. AD in the Arctic region has only been scarcely studied. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the prevalence, clinical manifestations and risk factors for AD among children and adolescents in the Arctic. Three medical databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were screened. All studies published between 1990 to 2020 with epidemiologic data on AD in children and adolescents in the Arctic region, were included. Data were extracted and a meta‐analysis was performed to obtain pooled proportions and incidences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 21 studies from 8 different Arctic regions with 31 403 participants. The cumulative incidence of AD was 23% (95% CI 20–26) and 1‐year prevalence was 19% (95% CI 15–25). The incidence of AD was higher in the Arctic parts of Scandinavia and lower in Greenland and Russia. Children of indigenous descent had a slightly lower incidence of AD (19%, 95% CI 13–26) compared to the overall population. The dominant phenotype of AD was mild to moderate flexural dermatitis with facial involvement. Asthma and allergic rhinitis were common and observed in 20–30% of children with AD. In conclusion, AD is highly prevalent in the Arctic, but varies between regions and races. Indigenous children living in less urbanized countries appear to have a slightly lower risk of AD. Future studies should confirm this and examine whether this correlation relates to behavioural differences or genetic signature.
Exclusive content in two‐sided markets
Authors: Ishihara Akifumi , Oki Ryoko
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the role of exclusive content provision in two‐sided markets in which both sides are allowed to join multiple platforms. We consider a model of duopolistic two‐sided platform market with a monopolistic multiproduct firm (content provider) on one side and consumers on the other. The model demonstrates that the monopolistic content provider uses exclusivity as strategic commitment to balance two opposite effects on its bargaining power: the positive effect caused by the increase in multihoming consumers and the negative effect caused by the restriction of distribution channels.
UK Dietitians’ views on communication skills for behaviour change: A 10 year follow‐up survey
Authors: Whitehead Kirsten , Parkin Tracey
Published: April 2021

Background

In 2007, a survey of UK dietitians identified that dietitians were positive about the use of Communication Skills for Behaviour Change (CSBC) in practice, although barriers to the implementation of skills were acknowledged. This follow‐up survey aimed to explore current perceptions of CSBC and compare them with the previous survey.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey of British Dietetic Association (BDA) members’ views of CSBC was undertaken. The results for full members are presented. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data were subject to either content, or inductive thematic analysis.

Results

A response rate of 9.4% (n = 729) was achieved. Respondents were predominately female (n = 684; 95.1%) and worked in the National Health Service (n = 634; 87.4%). They were positive about the importance of CSBC in practice (n = 714; 99.5%). Pre‐registration training had been completed by 346 respondents (48.7%).

Post‐registration training had been undertaken by 520 (74.7%) respondents and 514 of these (99.6%) had implemented training into practice, with few barriers identified. Perception of ability to use skills had increased, with 513 (83.6%) respondents rating their skills as excellent/very good compared to 62% previously. The majority (n = 594; 93.7%) reported that post‐registration training was necessary, with the need for skills to be regularly reviewed (n = 456; 74.5%), and 235 (51.9%) respondents suggested this be mandatory. By contrast, some suggested that a skill review was not a priority, and would be difficult to administer and stressful.

Conclusions

Perception of the importance of CSBC remains high. Although the perceived ability to apply CSBC has increased, the perceived need for post‐registration training is high, with respondents’ favouring mandatory training.
Resilience in Multicultural Families of Children With Disabilities in Korea: A Path Analysis Using National Data
Authors: Oh Won‐Oak , Heo Yoo Jin , Lee Anna
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The number of multicultural families has increased globally, and Korea has also witnessed a surge. Along with the various challenges experienced by these families, a child with a disability can pose additional challenges. In‐depth knowledge about resilience factors among multicultural families of children with disabilities is important. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between family demands, family appraisals, family problem solving and coping, family resources, and family adaptation in multicultural families of children with disabilities in Korea as perceived by married immigrants.

Design

This study was based on a secondary analysis of national survey data in 2015 and 2018 in Korea.

Methods

A total of 256 multicultural families who have children with disabilities participated. Family demands were identified by examining marital conflict, cultural differences, marital status, and public assistance recipient households. Family appraisal was assessed by how the family perceived the married immigrant’s culture. Family problem solving and coping were examined by how actively a married immigrant participated in social activities. Family resources were assessed by examining Korean language competency and the health status of immigrants. Family adaptation was identified by how immigrants perceived their life satisfaction. Path analysis was used to assess the factors.

Findings

Family demands had a direct impact on family resources and family adaptation. Family appraisal had a direct impact on family adaptation. Family resources mediated the effect of family demands on family adaptation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that although a multicultural family of a child with a disability struggles with family demands, if the family receives positive resources from family members, they can adapt well. Current findings can be used to develop interventions that can foster greater resilience among families.

Clinical Relevance

This study provides evidence that nurses can target modifiable family aspects, including immigrants’ health and family perceptions of immigrants’ cultures identified in this study to enhance the immigrant and family adaptation.
Connecting with the future: The role of science fiction movies in helping consumers understand privacy‐technology trade‐offs
Authors: Milne George R. , Kaplan Begum , Walker Kristen L. , Zacharias Larry
Published: April 2021

This article examines the ways in which sci‐fi films help consumers understand the tradeoffs between personal privacy concerns and other societal concerns that arise due to new technologies. Drawing upon media priming theory, the authors present a conceptual framework and accompanying research questions that suggest how priming from a futuristic movie influences consumers sentiment toward technology and privacy, from its release date and throughout its availability on movie streaming services. Through a series of studies, including qualitative analysis and text‐based sentiment analysis of reviews in the IMBD database, the authors provide evidence to support this theoretical conceptualization. The findings demonstrate that online reviews are useful as a data source to gauge emotional intensity and text analysis of science fiction film reviews provides a useful methodology for understanding consumer perceptions about the future. Science fiction movies may help consumers frame privacy‐technology tradeoffs and take action to protect their privacy.
Prevention of chemically induced hair damage by means of treatment based on proteins and polysaccharides
Authors: Camargo Jr Flávio Bueno , Minami Marcos Magoiti , Rossan Marcos Roberto , Magalhães Wagner Vidal , Porto Ferreira Vitória Tonini , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

Background

There is currently a great interest not only in developing products for the protection and recovery of chemically damaged hair, but also in developing effective protocols to investigate the impact of chemical treatments and attest the efficacy of innovative hair care products. Among the most relevant cosmetic treatments for hair are bleaching and coloring, which have been shown to significantly impair mechanical and structural properties.

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the damage induced by hair bleaching and coloring and to evaluate the protective effects of a hair care treatment based on integral silk proteins (fibroin and sericin) and vegetable‐derived polysaccharides from linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Methods

Hair swatches were subjected to different treatment protocols in order to evaluate the protective effect of proposed and benchmark products during bleaching and coloring processes. Tensile tests were performed to assess mechanical properties and improvement in resistance to breakage. Goniophotometric measurements were applied to determine improvement in luster. Hair fiber surface and relief were evaluated by SEM image analysis.

Results

Swatches bleached and treated with both evaluated products had a significant increase in resistance and reduced structural damage. Swatches colored and treated with both evaluated products showed reduced structural damage, and a significant increase in resistance and luster after the 1st and 5th washes.

Conclusions

The proposed product was effective in protecting and repairing bleached and colored swatches, improving resistance and luster and reducing structural damage. By applying complementary techniques within a reliable evaluation protocol, it was possible to attest the protective properties of the product under study.