bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wild capuchin monkeys as a model system for investigating the social and ecological determinants of ageing
Authors: Campos Fernando A. , Wikberg Eva C. , Orkin Joseph D. , Park Yeonjoo , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Cheves Hernandez Saul , Lopez Navarro Ronald , Fedigan Linda M. , Gurven Michael , Higham James P. , Jack Katharine M. , Melin Amanda D.
Published: October 2024

Studying biological ageing in animal models can circumvent some of the confounds exhibited by studies of human ageing. Ageing research in non-human primates has provided invaluable insights into human lifespan and healthspan. Yet data on patterns of ageing from wild primates remain relatively scarce, centred around a few populations of catarrhine species. Here, we introduce the white-faced capuchin, a long-lived platyrrhine primate, as a promising new model system for ageing research. Like humans, capuchins are highly social, omnivorous generalists, whose healthspan and lifespan relative to body size exceed that of other non-human primate model species. We review recent insights from capuchin ageing biology and outline our expanding, integrative research programme that combines metrics of the social and physical environments with physical, physiological and molecular hallmarks of ageing across the natural life courses of multiple longitudinally tracked individuals. By increasing the taxonomic breadth of well-studied primate ageing models, we generate new insights, increase the comparative value of existing datasets to geroscience and work towards the collective goal of developing accurate, non-invasive and reliable biomarkers with high potential for standardization across field sites and species, enhancing the translatability of primate studies.

This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.
Meropenem-resistant Burkholderia pseudomallei: a concerning single case in Australia with no prior meropenem exposure
Authors: Sivabalan Pirathaban , Satyaputra Ferris , Gassiep Ian , Forde Brian , Frazer Jaimie , Glover Matthew , Adams Buenafe , Norton Robert
Published: October 2024

We report a case of cutaneous melioidosis in a 54-year-old male with a meropenem-resistant sub-population. He was empirically treated with episodic doxycycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; however, the abscess re-accumulated. The patient had no prior exposure to meropenem. A sub-population of the isolate was meropenem resistant with an MIC >32 µg ml−1 and the identification was re-confirmed as Burkholderia pseudomallei. Whole-genome sequencing with ARDaP analysis only revealed a resistance determinant to doxycycline and did not reveal a resistance determinant to meropenem. Furthermore, no carbapenemases were detected through multiple bioinformatics tools. To date, this is the first reported case in Australia of a B. pseudomallei isolate resistant to meropenem without previous carbapenem exposure.
Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov., a nascent bacterial endosymbiont isolated from the parasitoid wasp, Spalangia cameroni
Authors: Teh Li Szhen , Shalom Sarit Rohkin , James Ian , Dolgova Anna , Chiel Elad , Dale Colin
Published: October 2024

An endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Sodalis, designated as strain HZT, was cultured from the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni, which develops on the pupae of various host flies. The bacterium was detected in S. cameroni developed on houseflies, Musca domestica, in a poultry facility in Hazon, northern Israel. After culturing, this bacterium displayed no surface motility on Luria–Bertani agar and was rod-shaped and irregular in size, ~10–30 nm in diameter and 5–20 µm in length. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain HZT is closely related to Sodalis praecaptivus strain HST, a free-living species of the genus Sodalis that includes many insect endosymbionts. Although these bacteria maintain >98% sequence identity in shared genes, genomic characterization revealed that strain HZT has undergone substantial reductive evolution, such that it lacks many gene functions that are maintained in S. praecaptivus strain HST. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose that this endosymbiont should be classified in a new subspecies as S. praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov. The type strain for this new subspecies is HZT (=ATCC TSD-398T=NCIMB 15482T). The subspecies Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. praecaptivus strain HST is created automatically with the type strain ATCC BAA-2554T (=DSMZ 27494T).
Receptor-based protein binding in the supramolecular network of velvet worm slime
Authors: Hu Zhaolong , Baer Alexander , Hering Lars , de Sena Oliveira Ivo , Browne Darren C. , Guo Xue , Perrin Quentin Moana , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Hoon Shawn , Mayer Georg , Harrington Matthew J. , Miserez Ali
Published: October 2024

The slime of velvet worms (Onychophora) is a protein-based bioadhesive that undergoes rapid, yet reversible transition from a fluid into stiff fibers used for prey capture and defense, but the mechanism by which this phase transition functions is largely unknown. Here, integrating transcriptomic and proteomic approaches with AI-guided structure predictions, we discover a group of evolutionarily conserved leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins in velvet worm slime that readily adopt a receptor-like, protein-binding “horseshoe” structure. Our structural predictions suggest dimerization of LRR proteins and support their interactions with conserved β-sheets-rich domains of high-molecular-weight proteins, the primary building blocks of velvet worm slime fibers. This previously unknown functional context of LRR proteins is presumably involved in reversible, receptor-based supramolecular network formation in these adhesive biofibers and provides possible new avenues for fabricating fully recyclable (bio)polymeric materials.

Significance Statement

Analyzing structure-function-relationships underlying reversible fiber formation in velvet worm slime may inspire avenues for the sustainable fabrication of protein-based polymeric materials. Here, we present evidence for an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of reversible fiber formation in velvet worm slime based on the receptor-like binding of fiber forming proteins by a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein. The structures of both protein components are highly conserved evolutionarily in the two distantly related velvet worm subgroups, indicating pervasive presence of this mechanism across species that has been maintained through the last ∼380 MY. Our results suggest that the ubiquitously occurring LRR motif—better known for its innate immunity and developmental roles—has a novel identified function in processing a biological material, which might contribute to the development of sustainable bio-inspired materials.
Development of novel flavonoid senolytics through phenotypic drug screening and drug design
Authors: Zhang Lei Justan , Salekeen Rahagir , Soto-Palma Carolina , He Yuanjun , Elsallabi Osama , Hughes Brian , Nunes Allancer , Xu Wandi , Zhang Borui , Mohamed Abdalla , McGowan Sara J. , Angelini Luise , O’Kelly Ryan , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Robbins Paul D.
Published: October 2024

Accumulation of senescent cells drives aging and age-related diseases. Senolytics, which selectively kill senescent cells, offer a promising approach for treating many age-related diseases. Using a senescent cell-based phenotypic drug discovery approach that combines drug screening and drug design, we developed two novel flavonoid senolytics, SR29384 and SR31133, derived from the senolytic fisetin. These compounds demonstrated enhanced senolytic activities, effectively eliminating multiple senescent cell types, reducing tissue senescencein vivo, and extending healthspan in a mouse model of accelerated aging. Mechanistic studies utilizing RNA-Seq, machine learning, network pharmacology, and computational simulation suggest that these novel flavonoid senolytics target PARP1, BCL-xL, and CDK2 to induce selective senescent cell death. This phenotype-based discovery of novel flavonoid senolytics, coupled with mechanistic insights, represents a key advancement in developing next-generation senolyticss with potential clinical applications in treating aging and age-related diseases.
Cultivating inclusive leadership: a catalyst for enhanced organizational citizenship
Authors: Zaccone Maria Cristina , Pedrini Matteo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The present manuscript aims to develop and validate a theoretical model capable of explaining that organizational citizenship behavior is influenced by the extent to which employees feel valued, accepted and considered integral to the organizational fabric. To do this, the authors draw on social identity theory, according to which the level of identification of a person with a group or organization is not fixed but situational and context-dependent.

Design/methodology/approach

To validate the theoretical model, the authors surveyed the employees of eight large-scale distribution companies operating in Italy. Overall, the authors received completed data from 2,010 employees.

Findings

The authors theorize and demonstrate that the presence of an inclusive corporate climate positively influences employees’ perceptions of work inclusion and that this latter, in turn, positively affects organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, they show that the indirect effect of an inclusive corporate climate on organizational citizenship behavior becomes stronger when inclusive leadership is promoted within an organization.

Originality/value

Overall, this paper confirms social identity theory in a novel way. Social identity theory suggests that the context can impact an employee’s identification with the organization they work for, without specifying the characteristics that the context must possess. The authors’ contribution reaffirms this theory by proposing that it is specifically the inclusiveness of the context that positively influences the employee’s identification within the organization. By focusing on this aspect of inclusion, this research introduces a novel perspective that enriches the current discourse on OCB and underscores the importance of cultivating inclusive workplace environments. Also, the authors add theoretical nuance to previous literature by suggesting that the way top management exercises leadership over employees can amplify the strength of corporate climate influence on worker inclusion perception.
Transdisciplinary teaching and learning in a master’s program in urban agriculture
Authors: Gjøtterud Sigrid , Holen Rasa , Hvoslef-Eide Trine
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore transdisciplinary teaching and learning in a transdisciplinary master’s course in an urban agriculture master’s program.

Design/methodology/approach

An action research approach was used, applying qualitative methods, such as reflection notes, classroom dialogues, focus group discussions and interviews.

Findings

The students expressed high-level inter- and intrapersonal competencies and provided thorough insights into how they developed ideas across disciplines. However, the potential for collaborating with partners outside the university (case owners) was not fully exploited and needs further development.

Originality/value

The study constitutes a detailed example of the benefits and challenges of transdisciplinary teaching and learning, suggesting an integral education. It adds to the knowledge of how to develop academia further to facilitate competence for sustainable development.
Anticipating prosperity: a systemic analysis of long-term economic trajectories
Authors: Ngo Quoc Dung , Tran Thi Van Hoa , Hoang Vu Hiep
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study introduces an innovative approach to long-term economic forecasting by integrating anticipatory governance (AG) and causal layered analysis methodologies. Focussing on emerging economies, with Vietnam as a case study, we explore potential economic trajectories to 2050.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative economic projections with qualitative scenario building and analysis.

Findings

Our findings reveal four distinct future scenarios, ranging from low growth to transformative change. The preferred scenario, characterized by adaptive change, projects a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $30,684 by 2050, with significant reductions in agricultural labour and improvements in human development indicators.

Originality/value

This study contributes to theoretical and practical domains by demonstrating the value of integrated foresight methodologies in economic planning. It offers policymakers a comprehensive framework for navigating complex, long-term economic challenges and opportunities. This research underscores the importance of adaptive governance and systemic thinking in achieving sustainable, inclusive economic growth in an increasingly uncertain global environment.
Determinants of knowledge transfer activities among university researchers: a systematic review
Authors: EL Houari Fatima , Idrissi Fakhreddine Moulay Othman
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This systematic review aims to identify the key determinants of knowledge transfer (KT) activities among researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study systematically reviewed KT literature in academic settings from 1995–2023. The authors searched Web of Science and Scopus using predefined keywords, following PRISMA guidelines for screening and eligibility assessment. From 158 selected articles, the authors extracted data and conducted a descriptive analysis to map KT activities’ evolution. A narrative synthesis approach categorized determinants of researchers’ KT activities.

Findings

The systematic review findings revealed a general conceptual framework that categorizes the identified determinants of KT into four categories. At the individual level, the factors are related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the researcher (e.g. gender, age, experience), their psychological aspects (e.g. attitude, intrinsic motivation, intention) and personal characteristics (e.g. self-efficacy, communication skills). At the research team level, leadership style and team dynamics. At the organizational level, the findings emphasize university characteristics (e.g. size, structure and ranking), KT culture installed and university resources. At the inter-organizational level, the key determinants were funding sources, network strength and trust.

Research limitations/implications

The studies included in our database were different in terms of contexts, country of the study, the disciplines of KT and the types of KT activities examined. This variety restricts the direct comparison of research findings thus the generalizability of our conclusions. Future research should focus on specific contexts, disciplines, countries or types of KT activities to provide generalizable findings.

Practical implications

A better understanding of all the factors influencing KT among university researchers is essential for several reasons. First, it will enable the government to develop effective policies to promote KT ecosystems. Second, universities can create strategies, policies and programs to support researchers’ engagement in KT activities. Finally, researchers can be more strategic in their KT efforts.

Originality/value

This systematic review contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive conceptual framework that identifies KT determinants at different levels and fills a gap in the existing literature that only addresses specific aspects of KT determinants. This framework can be a theoretical reference for future empirical studies. Furthermore, it practically provides recommendations for different actors including, government, universities and researchers.
Algorithmic human resource management: toward a functional affordance perspective
Authors: Gong Qinyan , Fan Di , Bartram Timothy
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Organizations are increasingly deploying algorithmic human resource management (HRM) for decision-making. Despite algorithms beginning to permeate HRM practices, our understanding of how to interpret and leverage the functions of algorithmic HRM remains limited. This study aims to review the stock of knowledge in this field of algorithmic HRM and introduce a theoretical perspective of functional affordance to enhance the understanding of the value of algorithmic HRM.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted in this study based on 283 articles. The articles are extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus. The content of the articles was then integrated to formulate the framework for this study.

Findings

Functional affordance highlights algorithmic HRM can be systematically embedded within the organizational environment, with its characteristics naturally suggesting the functionalities or actions available for HR managers to choose from. The findings of this study demonstrate five features of algorithmic HRM from the perspective of functional affordance: awareness of algorithmic HRM, alignment with business model design, action readiness, adaptation to business context and attribution to individuality.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the insufficiently theorized application of algorithmic HRM within organizations. It presents an integrated framework that elucidates the key features of algorithmic HRM and elaborates on how organizations can better develop algorithm-driven capabilities based on functional affordance.
How do you create a trauma-informed classroom that promotes regulation and learning?
Authors: Broadbent-Hogan Perri
Published: October 2024

Purpose

If schools can effectively implement trauma-informed learning environments, then they are on the path to creating communities that are responsive to the needs of all students. Trauma-informed learning environments promote the development of emotional regulation capacities, implementation of trauma-informed approaches to discipline and prioritising relationships that promote connection.

Design/methodology/approach

The substantive foci of this paper draws on an autoethnographic journal as a school principal in an alternative educational setting supporting students who have who have identified experiences of trauma. Whilst the experiences drawn upon in this paper are related to students that have disengaged from mainstream schooling, I advocate for trauma-informed frameworks to be engaged in all educational systems.

Findings

The emergence of the key themes of; establishing trauma-informed school policies and procedures; addressing the challenges of an alternative education environment; understanding the impact of well-being of educators and establishing a school-wide trauma-informed framework of practice are presented in this article.

Originality/value

The model that is written in this paper is original and the first time it has been published. The model is based on literature that is peer-reviewed and has a substantial evidence base.
Straight from the heart and “out of mind”: strategies for managers to navigate workplace romance
Authors: Panigrahy Nrusingh Prasad , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Priyadarshini R. G.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Workplace romance presents both opportunities and challenges for organizations, requiring strategic HR leadership to navigate effectively. This study explores the dynamics of workplace romance, its impact on organizational culture and performance, and strategic HR approaches to manage this complex phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach

Information and data from various research blogs and websites have been studied to understand the concept of workplace romance and insights drawn by proposing a few practices for HR leaders.

Findings

This practitioner paper indicates a positive relationship and develops insights into how HR leaders’ good strategic practices help manage and mitigate workplace romance challenges.

Practical implications

HR leaders can foster a positive work environment while minimizing the risks associated with workplace relationships by developing clear policies, providing training and education, promoting transparency and fairness, implementing conflict resolution mechanisms and monitoring enforcement.

Originality/value

This paper explores the dynamics of workplace romance and its impact on organizational culture and performance. It also provides fresh insights into strategic HR approaches to managing this complex phenomenon in the workplace.
Combined approach for optimal placement and sizing capacitors in RDN
Authors: Makri Chaymae , Guedira Said , El Harraki Imad , El Hani Soumia
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Reactive power in radial distribution networks (RDN) leads to detrimental effects like power factor degradation, voltage profile alterations and increased power losses, ultimately impacting network stability. This paper aims to present a novel two-phase optimization approach to address the challenging task of locating, sizing and determining the optimal number of capacitors in RDNs.

Design/methodology/approach

The first step of the proposed methodology is using a hybrid technique that combines the loss sensitivity factors (LSF) with voltage sensitivity factors (VSF) to identify network nodes requiring capacitor installation efficiently. The second step uses an external approximation technique to optimize the size and number of capacitors for each identified node, achieving significant power loss reductions.

Findings

The effectiveness of this new approach is evaluated on two RDNs: 33- and 69-bus. Simulations on these test systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, reducing total power loss by 34.7% in the first case and 35.3% in the second. The method’s robustness compared to other approaches further highlights its potential for practical implementation in RDNs, contributing to improved network stability and efficient power distribution.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel, efficient and robust approach to determining the optimal number, location and size of an RDN capacitor. The problem is addressed through a new formulation with modified constraints. The method consists of two stages: initially, a hybrid LSF–VSF method identifies potential capacitor locations, followed by an external approximation-based mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) solver to optimize capacitor numbers and sizes. The proposed methodology is applied to the widely used 33-bus and 69-bus RDN test systems. Comparative analysis with existing methods highlights the proposed approach’s effectiveness. Key contributions of this study include the following: Proposes a new problem formulation with modified constraints. Proposes a novel two-stage framework for optimally locating and sizing capacitors in RDNs. Introduces a hybrid LSF–VSF algorithm to identify promising capacitor locations efficiently. Using an external approximation-based MINLP for optimal sizing. Demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach through rigorous testing on standard benchmark systems. Provides a comprehensive comparative analysis against state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the proposed approach’s superior performance.
Investigation of strength, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete with waste marble powder as a partial replacement of cement
Authors: Sathe Sandeep , Patil Sudhir , Bhosale Yash Nagesh
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Cement plays a significant part in concrete, and with the increasing demand for concrete, cement output varies day by day, allowing production to carbon dioxide emissions. As well as marble processing creates stone slurry and solid discards. These are often dumped irresponsibly on open land, polluting the soil. This improper disposal of marble waste is a major environmental concern. This study aims to propose a sustainable solution for reusing this waste material as a concrete additive.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 135 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm, 54 concrete cylinders of size 150 mm dia. and 300 mm height and 54 concrete beams of size 150 × 150 × 700 mm were cast. The replacement was 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% by weight of cement with marble dust to create M30 concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.45. The test was performed to find the compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS) and split tensile strength. Also, durability tests like rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), acid attack, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water permeability test were performed.

Findings

After 7 and 28 days of curing, it was found that replacing 5% of cement with marble powder led to an initial strength improvement of up to 25% for both curing periods. However, further increases in marble dust resulted in an inconsistent decrease in strength for all the mixtures. Also, durability properties like acid attack test, water permeability test and RCPT, showed good performance at the optimum percentage of waste marble powder (WMP) as cement replacement. The microscopic analysis revealed a denser pore structure at lower WMP replacement levels, likely due to the powder filling in gaps.

Originality/value

This study reveals that by substituting 5% (optimum) of cement with WMP, there was CS improvement up to 8.4% and 17% for both 7 and 28 days of curing. WMP is typically finer than cement particles and fills the voids in the concrete more effectively, resulting best performance at optimum percentage against RCPT, UPV, acid attack and water permeability.
Evaluation of extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenator cannulae in pulsatile and non‐pulsatile pediatric mock circuits
Authors: Ferrari Lorenzo , Bartkevics Maris , Jenni Hansjörg , Kadner Alexander , Siepe Matthias , Obrist Dominik
Published: October 2024

Background

This study evaluated the hemodynamic performance of arterial and venous cannulae in a compliant pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) mock circuit in pulsatile and non‐pulsatile flow conditions.

Methods

The ECMO setup consisted of an oxygenator, diagonal pump, and standardized‐length arterial/venous tubing with pressure transducers. A validated left‐heart mock loop was adapted to simulate pediatric conditions. The pulsatile flow was driven by a computer‐controlled piston pump set at 120 bpm. A roller pump was used for non‐pulsatile conditions. The circuit was primed with 40% glycerol‐based solution. The cardiac output was set to 1 L/min and the aortic pressure to 40–50 mmHg. Four arterial cannulae (8Fr, 10Fr, 12Fr, 14Fr) and five venous cannulae (12Fr, 14Fr, 16Fr, 18Fr, 20Fr) (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) were tested at increasing flow rate in 12 combinations.

Results

The pulsatile condition required lower ECMO pump speeds for all cannulae combinations at a given flow rate, inducing a significantly smaller increase of flow in the mock loop. Under non‐pulsatile conditions, the aortic and arterial pressures in the cannulae were higher (p < 0.01) while no significant differences in pressure drop and pressure‐flow characteristics (M‐number) were observed. The total hemodynamic energy was higher in case of non‐pulsatile flow (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Under non‐pulsatile conditions, the system was characterized by overall higher pressures, resulting in higher support to the patient. The consequent increase of potential energy compensates for increases of kinetic energy, leading to a higher total hemodynamic energy. Pressure gradients and M number are independent of the testing conditions. Pulsatile testing conditions led to more physiological testing conditions, and it is recommended for ECMO testing.
Status of Horizontal Violence, Level of Psychological Empowerment, and Their Correlation Among Obstetric Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Huang Shan , Kong Ganxia , Li Qiumei , Lilenga Hamza Saidi , Zhai Jinguo
Published: October 2024

Background

China's maternity policy has led to an increase in work pressure, which has prompted horizontal violence among obstetric nurses. To understand this phenomenon better, we attempted to identify the factors that influence horizontal violence as well as the level of psychological empowerment among obstetric nurses.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 522 obstetric nurses from December 2022 to February 2023.

Results

The findings revealed that 40.42% (211) of the obstetric nurses had experienced horizontal violence in the past 3 months. The overall level of psychological empowerment of obstetric nurses was relatively low. Regression analysis indicated that being a formal worker, being from the area where one serves, the meaning attributed to work, and perceptions of autonomy, self‐efficacy, and work impact acted as protective factors against the risk of horizontal violence among obstetric nurses. When compared with the 20–29‐year‐old age group, those in the 30–39‐year‐old age group showed a lower risk of experiencing horizontal violence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.369, p < 0.01). Compared with nurses who had worked in obstetrics for < 3 years, those who had worked for 3–5, 6–10, 11–20, and > 20 years showed lower risks of experiencing horizontal violence than the reference level (OR = 0.234, p < 0.05; OR = 0.182, p < 0.05; OR = 0.105, p < 0.05; and OR = 0.056, p < 0.05, respectively).

Discussion

The incidence of horizontal violence among obstetric nurses is high, and the overall level of psychological empowerment is low. Nursing managers can alleviate the occurrence of horizontal violence by augmenting the psychological empowerment level of obstetric nurses.
Wait, What? What's Going On?— Pregnancy Experiences of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Mothers Who Do Not Sign
Authors: Ratakonda Sanjana , Panko Tiffany L. , Albert Sasha , Smith Lauren D. , Cooley Margarita M. , Mitra Monika , McKee Michael
Published: October 2024

Objective

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) women experience higher rates of reproductive healthcare barriers and adverse birth outcomes compared to their hearing peers. This study explores the pregnancy experiences of DHH women who do not sign to better understand their barriers and facilitators to optimal perinatal health care.

Design

Qualitative study using thematic analysis.

Setting

Semi‐structured, individual remote, or in‐person interviews in the United States.

Sample

Twenty‐two DHH English speakers (non‐signers) who gave birth in the United States within the past 5 years.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews explored how DHH women experienced pregnancy and birth, including access to perinatal information and resources, relationships with healthcare providers, communication access, and their involvement with the healthcare system throughout pregnancy. A thematic analysis was conducted.

Main Outcome Measures

The barriers and facilitators related to a positive perinatal care experience among DHH women.

Results

Five key themes emerged. For barriers, healthcare communication breakdowns and loss of patient autonomy highlighted DHH women's struggle with perinatal health care. In contrast, DHH participants outlined the importance of accessible health communication practices and accommodations, use of patient advocacy or self‐advocacy, and assistive technologies for DHH parents for more positive perinatal care experiences.

Conclusions

Perinatal healthcare providers and staff should routinely inquire about ways to ensure an inclusive and accessible healthcare experience for their DHH patients and provide communication accommodations for optimal care. Additionally, healthcare providers should be more aware of the unique parenting needs and resources of their DHH patients.
Burden of vaso‐occlusive crisis, its management and impact on quality of life of Indian sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Seth Tulika , Udupi Shashank , Jain Suman , Bhatwadekar Seema , Menon Nandakumar , Jena Rabindra Kumar , Kumar Ravindra , Ray Shomik , Parmar Bharat , Goel Anil Kumar , Vasava Ashvin , Dutta Anupam , Samal Priyanka , Ballikar Riya , Bhat Deepa , Dolai Tuphan Kanti , Bhattacharyya Jina , Shetty Disha , Mistry Manish , Jain Dipty
Published: October 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) with vaso‐occlusive pain crisis (VOC) significantly impacts patient well‐being and often results in extensive healthcare resource utilization. This study assessed the VOC burden, its management and its impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted between November 2021 and June 2022, including 1000 SCD patients from high‐prevalence states in India. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, VOC severity, management and QoL were collected. The study revealed that 33.5% of patients reported at least one VOC episode during the study period. In the year prior to their enrolment, 836 (83.60%) patients reported at least one VOC episode, with an equal proportion of 407/487 (83.6%) adults and 429/513 (83.6%) paediatric patients, reducing their QoL across all domains compared to patients without VOC. Of these, 469/1000 patients (46.9%) experienced ≥3 VOC episodes. Additionally, 764/1000 (76.40%) patients managed their VOCs at healthcare facilities, with 501/1000 (50.1%) requiring inpatient admissions. Further, 71.80% of patients received Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy. The study depicts the severity of the Arab–Indian haplotype in Indian SCD patients visiting healthcare settings based on high VOC burden. This highlights the urgent need for better management strategies and resource allocation for these patients.
Mortality rates in radical cystectomy patients with bladder cancer after radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: de Angelis Mario , Siech Carolin , Di Bello Francesco , Rodriguez Peñaranda Natali , Goyal Jordan A. , Tian Zhe , Longo Nicola , Chun Felix K.H. , Puliatti Stefano , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Gandaglia Giorgio , Moschini Marco , Longoni Mattia , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To conduct a population‐based study examining cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and other‐cause mortality (OCM) differences in patients with radiation‐induced secondary bladder cancer (RT‐BCa) vs those with primary bladder cancer (pBCa) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).

Methods

Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2020), we identified patients with T2–4N0–3M0 bladder cancer treated with RC, who had previously been treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy for prostate cancer, as well as patients with T2–4N0–3M0 pBCa treated with RC. Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable competing risks regression (CRR) models were used to assess CSM after additional adjustment for OCM. The same methodology was then repeated based on organ‐confined (OC: T2N0M0) and non‐organ‐confined (NOC: T3–4 and/or N1–3) disease.

Results

Of 9957 RC patients, RT‐BCa was identified in 347 (3%) compared with 9610 (97%) who had pBCa. In multivariable CRR models, no CSM differences were recorded in the overall comparison (P = 0.8), nor in sub‐groups based on OC and NOC disease (P = 0.8 and 0.7, respectively). Conversely, multivariable CRR models identified RT‐BCa as an independent predictor of 1.3‐fold higher OCM in the overall cohort and of 1.5‐fold higher OCM in those with NOC disease. In a sensitivity analysis of patients with NOC disease, EBRT was associated with higher OCM rates (hazard ratio 1.5). By contrast, OCM rates were not different in those with OC disease (P = 0.8).

Conclusion

Our study showed that RC for RT‐BCa was associated with similar CSM rates as RC for pBCa, regardless of disease stage. However, patients who had undergone EBRT exhibited significantly higher OCM in the NOC sub‐group.
Finally, some hope. Communicating systemic aspects of climate‐change mitigation
Authors: Astrup Jens , Massey Zachary B. , Li Yachao , Popova Lucy
Published: October 2024

Climate communication, including from museums, often advocates individual lifestyle changes, and while these are necessary, the biggest emissions reductions will come from the systemic transition to renewable energy sources. The importance of this systemic change and its attainability has been under‐communicated in the public discourse, although bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have increased their focus on it. We tested a message focusing on systemic aspects and actions that individuals can do to accelerate the renewable energy transition against a message advocating lifestyle change and a neutral message on the science of climate change. The neutral message elicited the highest levels of negative emotions, whereas the systemic message elicited higher levels of hope. These higher hope levels mediated increased behavioral intentions for doing the suggested system‐aimed actions and for making lifestyle changes. Our results suggest that museums and climate communicators should prominently feature systemic aspects of climate change mitigation.
ABO Blood Type and Short‐Term Mortality in Patients With Infection‐Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Flæng Simon , Granfeldt Asger , Adelborg Kasper , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: October 2024

Background

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a devastating disease of the coagulation system. We examined the association between ABO blood type and short‐term mortality in patients with infection‐associated DIC.

Methods

The study cohort was drawn from the Danish Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DANDIC) cohort. Our subcohort was restricted to patients with infection‐associated DIC. All‐cause 30‐day and 90‐day mortality were computed by Kaplan–Meier estimates and odds ratios between ABO blood types were examined using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and location of infection. Blood type O was used as a reference.

Results

The DANDIC cohort included 3023 patients with DIC. Among these, 1853 (61%) had infection‐associated DIC. Data on ABO blood type were unavailable in 34 patients (1.8%), who were excluded. The median age was 68 years and 58.2% were males. The 30‐day mortality ranged between 38.6% and 42.5% and the 30‐day mortality odds ratios were 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92–1.42) for blood type A; 0.84 (95% CI, 0.49–1.43) for AB; and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.67–1.33) for B compared to blood type O.

Conclusions

We found no clinically meaningful difference in short‐term mortality between the various ABO blood types in patients with infection‐associated DIC.
Kant on Self‐Legislation as the Foundation of Duty*
Authors: Eckert‐Kuang Bennett
Published: October 2024

Duties to oneself are central to Kant's moral thought. Indeed, in his Lectures on Ethics, he claims that they “take first place, and are the most important of all” (LE: 27:341). Despite this, Kant is not clear about what they are or why they are ‘the most important.’ What is it for a duty to be owed to oneself? And in what sense do such duties ‘take first place’? I answer these questions: a duty to oneself is a self‐legislated duty, and they ‘take first place’ in that all ethical duties are, fundamentally, duties to oneself. Based on a close reading of Kant's “Apparent Antinomy” regarding duties to oneself in The Doctrine of Virtue §§1–3, I argue that Kant holds that (1) a duty is owed to its legislator, and (2) all duties are self‐legislated. I then argue that this interpretation is further supported by Kant's understanding of the Categorical Imperative as a “principle of autonomy” in the Groundwork (G: 4:433). I conclude by offering an interpretation of the Categorical Imperative on which even though all duties are ultimately owed to oneself, there remains an important sense in which some duties are owed to others as well.
Progress towards the identification and improvement of dispersive soils: A review
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Liu Zhongxu , Han Yan
Published: October 2024

Dispersive soils, characterized by their poor resistance to water erosion and high sodium ion concentrations, pose a significant threat to both engineering and agricultural activities. Thus, the identification and improvement of dispersive soils are of paramount importance. There are several theories regarding the causes of soil dispersion, with the prevailing view attributing it to the expansion of the electrical double layer induced by sodium ions, which subsequently reduces the cohesion between soil particles. As a result, sodium indicators such as exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), percentage sodium (PS), and sodium adsorption rate (SAR) are commonly employed in the identification of dispersive soils. Currently, in efforts to improve dispersive soils for both engineering and agricultural purposes, chemical and biological agents are being added to enhance the soil's erosion resistance and regulate the concentration of sodium ions. Although numerous reviews have been conducted on the identification and improvement of dispersive soils, they tend to focus on the identification methods and the types of improvers, often overlooking the applicability of identification methods, the economic costs and environmental impacts of improvers. In practical improvement, the accuracy of soil identification must be ensured first and foremost. The selection of improvers should not only prioritise efficacy but also undergo thorough analysis and evaluation from multiple perspectives. This paper, therefore, reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various identification methods and assesses the differences among improvers from economic and environmental standpoints, providing a comprehensive theoretical basis for the improvement of dispersive soils.
Postural control in episodic ataxia type 2: no evidence for increased vestibular excitability
Authors: von der Gablentz Janina , Overbeeke Nina , Timmann Dagmar , Ganos Christos , Synofzik Matthis , Brüggemann Norbert , Helmchen Christoph , Sprenger Andreas
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

Patients with episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) suffer from recurrent paroxysmal episodes of vertigo and oscillopsia. Pathophysiologically, altered neuronal excitability has been suspected. Vestibular excitability in 22 EA2 patients and 22 age‐matched healthy participants was compared.

Methods

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) was used to assess vestibular excitability by vestibular motion perception thresholds and mean postural sway velocity during various visual and proprioceptive conditions in the two groups. Control stimuli using sham and no GVS were established to identify the specificity of GVS‐induced postural sway.

Results

In the baseline condition, EA2 patients showed larger postural instability. However, motion perception thresholds and the increase in mean postural sway velocity during vestibular stimulation (stimulation ratio) did not differ between groups. Postural sway during suprathreshold GVS increased with the vestibular motion perception threshold in EA2 patients, in contrast to healthy participants.

Conclusions

The larger postural unsteadiness of EA2 patients probably reflects their progressive cerebellar degeneration. It is not related to abnormal visual (Romberg's ratio) or proprioceptive control of stance. Postural unsteadiness during vestibular stimulation does not indicate altered vestibular excitability in EA2 patients. However, vestibular stimulation increasingly destabilized postural control of EA2 patients with higher motion perception thresholds when proprioceptive information was diminished. This conclusion, however, is restricted to the postural control of EA2 patients in the interval between the vestibulo‐cerebellar episodes.
CAPTURE—Computational Analysis and Predictive Techniques for Urban Resource Efficiency
Authors: Canzaniello Marzia , Izzo Stefano , Chiaro Diletta , Longo Antonella , Piccialli Francesco
Published: October 2024

Municipal waste management (MWM) poses significant challenges in the context of rapid urbanisation and population growth. Accurate forecasting of waste production is crucial for designing sustainable waste management strategies. However, traditional forecasting methods often struggle to capture the complexities of waste generation dynamics. This paper proposes a novel methodology leveraging deep learning techniques to forecast municipal waste production. By harnessing the power of deep neural networks, our approach transcends the limitations of conventional models, providing more accurate and impactful predictions. We integrate heterogeneous data sources, including demographic and territorial information, into a comprehensive graph representation of municipalities. Graph Neural Networks are then employed to extract intricate spatial and temporal patterns from the graph structure. Empirical validation through a case study in the Apulia region demonstrates the effectiveness of our methodology in furnishing accurate forecasts for waste production. Our framework is adaptable and scalable, making it suitable for application across diverse geographical areas. This research contributes to advancing waste management practices by providing stakeholders with actionable insights for informed decision‐making.
Monetary Value of Surf Zone Fishery Resources on the SouthWest Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Rodríguez‐García Carlos , Sarmiento‐Carbajal Jesica , Gonçalves Neto José Belquior , Cabrera‐Castro Remedios
Published: October 2024

Beaches are among the world's most important coastal ecosystems, within which surf zones are crucial providers of essential ecosystem services to humans. We completed the first estimate of current and potential monetary value of fishery resources in surf zones of beaches on the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Over 1 year, five beaches in the Gulf of Cádiz were sampled using a beach seine. For monetary valuation, average first‐sale prices were used, with a capital update based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The 189.16 kg of 38 commercial species captured had a potential monetary value (PMV) of 408.63 €/ha. The annual value of adult fish (19 species) averaged 115.05 €/ha and juvenile fish (33 species) averaged 293.58 €/ha. Our findings highlight the value of surf zones and beaches as fishery resources, similar to other marine ecosystems. Our findings are useful for ongoing monitoring and research to enhance knowledge of these areas and the array of ecosystem services they provide.