bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Dietary Intake and Subsequent Socioemotional and Cognitive School Readiness Among Australian Children
Authors: Hammersley Megan L. , Buchanan Limin , Xu Huilan , Wen Li Ming
Published: June 2022

Dietary intake can affect the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of young children. Few studies have explored the relationships between dietary intake and the cognitive and socioemotional dimensions of school readiness. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between children’s dietary intake in early childhood, and cognitive and socioemotional school readiness indicators at age 4–5 years using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A total of 4,253 children were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression models were built to investigate whether dietary intake (measured by questionnaire at parent interview) at age 2–3 years predicted school readiness indicators of socioemotional and behavioral functioning (measured by parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ total score and pro-social scale]), verbal (assessed by Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Third Edition [PPVT-III]) and nonverbal (assessed by “Who Am I” test [WAI] cognitive skills) at age 4–5 years. Furthermore, using cross-sectional data at age 4–5 years, four multiple linear regression models were built to investigate if dietary intake was correlated with the aforementioned school readiness indicators. All models were adjusted for potential confounders. It was found that every one-point increase in child dietary intake score at age 2–3 years led to a decrease in SDQ total score by 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.10, 0.28], and an increase in SDQ pro-social scale, WAI score and PPVT score by 0.07 (95% CI = [0.03, 0.10]), 0.27 (95% CI = [0.13, 0.41]), and 0.20 (95% CI = [0.09, 0.30]), respectively, at age 4–5 years. Children’s dietary intake was also a correlate of their school readiness at age 4–5 years. These results add to the limited evidence base suggesting that children’s early dietary intake may play an important role in later socioemotional and behavioral development, and the development of cognitive skills, which are critical school readiness indicators.
Safety Assessment of Skin and Connective Tissue-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: June 2022

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 19 skin and connective tissue-derived proteins and peptides, which are reported to function mainly as skin and/or hair conditioning agents in cosmetics. The Panel reviewed the relevant data provided and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
Countering imperialism: two intersecting anthropologies of Papuan histories
Authors: Suryawan I Ngurah , Timmer Jaap
Published: June 2022

Reflecting on the violence in Papua and how this is shaping Papuan lifeworlds and triggers attempts to disengage from Indonesian and Dutch imperialism, we, I Ngurah Suryawan and Jaap Timmer, position ourselves as nationals from colonising states—one current, Indonesia and one historic, Netherlands—in relation to our anthropological research in Papua. We came to the long-drawn-out conflict and growing affirmations of cultural autonomy in Papua from different backgrounds, and this has affected the way in which we try to contribute to remedy decades of violence. Yet, as we will show, we converge in the way we recognise that a key role we can play as anthropologists is to contribute to a better understanding of Papuan cultures and more appreciation of their creative expressions and to enable, for Papuans, a decolonial epistemology.
The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area
Authors: Singh Subraham , Johnson Glen , Kavouras Ilias G
Published: June 2022

Declining ambient PM2.5 concentrations have been attributed to fuel consumption standards and emission controls of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosol precursors from transportation and industrial sectors. As a result, the relative contribution of PM2.5 sources is modified, shifting PM2.5 trends, physicochemical characteristics, and health effects. Carbonaceous fine aerosol account for most of PM2.5 mass in the US. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal trends of ambient PM2.5 levels and their association with primary PM2.5 emissions from anthropogenic activities and fires in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan statistical area (NYNJ MSA) airshed. PM2.5 mass concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Air Data. Ambient PM2.5 mass levels declined on average by 47%, at a rate of −0.61 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in urban locations and −0.25 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in upwind and peri-urban locations over the 2007 to 2017 period. The strong spatial gradient in 2007, with high PM2.5 levels in urban locations and low PM2.5 levels in peri-urban locations gradually weakened by 2013 but re-appeared in 2017. Over the same period, primary PM2.5 emissions declined by 52% from transportation, 15% from industrial, and 8% from other anthropogenic sources corresponding to a decrease of 0.8, 0.9, and 0.6 μg/m3 on ambient PM2.5 mass, respectively. Wildland and prescribed fires emissions increased more than 3 times adding 0.8 μg/m3 to ambient PM2.5 mass. These results indicate that (i) fire emissions may impede the effectiveness of existing policies to improve air quality and (ii) the chemical content of PM2.5 may be changing to an evolving mixture of aromatic and oxygenated organic species with differential toxicological responses as compared to inert ammonium sulfate and nitrate salts.
Small Scale Enterprise Workers Require Attention: What Predicts the Level of Occupational Injuries?
Authors: Daba Chala , Atamo Amanuel , Gebrehiwot Mesfin
Published: June 2022

Background:

Occupational injuries are among the foremost public health problems that small scale enterprise workers are encountering. Most foregoing occupational injury studies focused on construction or welding industry workers which could underestimate the real level of occupational injuries recorded in small scale enterprises. Conversely, others deal with a combined level of injuries from both small scale and large scale enterprises. Therefore, this study examined the magnitude and predictors of occupational injuries among various categories of small scale enterprise workers in Ambo town (Ethiopia).

Methods:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 408 small scale enterprise workers from September to October 2021. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with occupational injuries. Variables with P-value less than .05 were considered as significantly associated with occupational injuries.

Results:

The 1-year prevalence of occupational injuries was 39.5% (95% CI: 35-44). Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.53-5.28), working for more than 8 hours per day (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.61-4.95), working during the night time (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.22-3.47), lack of workplace supervision (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.23-5.28), alcohol use (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.24-3.06), chewing khat (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.27-3.2), non-utilization of personal protective equipment (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.87), and lack of health and safety training (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.26-4.37) were important predictors of occupational injuries.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicated a substantial proportion of small scale enterprise workers experienced occupational injuries during the last year. Provision of health and safety training, continuous workplace supervisions, and provision and utilization of personal protective equipment are recommended.
Experimental study of impulse sound transmission between rooms
Authors: Kanev Nikolay , Fadeev Alexander
Published: June 2022

This paper presents experimental results of a study of the sound transmission between two rooms in one of which an intensive short impulse is radiated. The room with the source is treated by a sound absorber to reduce reflections and provide a pure impulse impact on a partition separating the rooms. The influences of the source and receiver positions, acoustic conditions in the receiver room and energy of the impulse are investigated and analyzed. It has been shown that all these factors affect the impulse sound transmission, which is proposed to be described by two coefficients. The first one is a ratio of peak sound pressure values in both rooms, the second one is the similar ratio only for peak-to-peak values. Some results correlate with theoretical assumptions, but the others differ significantly. So, the theoretical approaches to the impulse sound transmission or dynamic transmission loss need to be developed as well as the impulse sound insulation of building elements should be clearly defined and studied.
Interests, ideologies, and great power spheres of influence
Authors: Resnick Evan N.
Published: June 2022

Militarily aggressive actions by Russia and China in recent years have sparked a debate among foreign policy commentators regarding the utility of spheres of influence, even as International Relations (IR) scholars have continued to neglect the phenomenon. This article tests three rival theories that attempt to explain the spheres of influence behavior of great powers. Structural realism proposes that a great power will cede a small power to the sphere of a rival that possesses a stronger material interest in the small power and is a peer competitor, and that a consequent rupture or crisis in the sphere will lead the great power to engage in vigorous but restricted cooperation with the restive small power that maintains the previously granted sphere. Ideological distance theory (IDT) hypothesizes that a great power will steadfastly oppose ceding an ideologically homogeneous small power to the sphere of an ideologically divergent peer competitor, and that a rupture in a previously granted sphere will result in noncooperation between the great power grantor and restive small power if they are ideologically heterogeneous. I introduce a third approach, modified ideological distance theory (MIDT), which predicts that a great power will temporarily oppose ceding an ideologically homogeneous small power to the sphere of an ideologically divergent peer competitor, and will engage in delayed and attenuated cooperation with an ideologically heterogeneous small power following a rupture in a peer competitor’s sphere. Examination of the United States’ relationship with Yugoslavia (1948–1955) and the Soviet Union’s relationship with Cuba (1960–1962) demonstrates MIDT’s explanatory superiority.
Exploring adolescents’ perspectives on social media and mental health and well-being – A qualitative literature review
Authors: Popat Anjali , Tarrant Carolyn
Published: June 2022

Many quantitative studies have supported the association between social media use and poorer mental health, with less known about adolescents’ perspectives on social media’s impact on their mental health and wellbeing. This narrative literature review aimed to explore their perspectives, focusing on adolescents aged between 13 and 17. It reviewed qualitative studies published between January 2014 and December 2020, retrieved from four databases: APA Psychinfo, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature search obtained 24 research papers. Five main themes were identified: 1) Self-expression and validation, 2) Appearance comparison and body ideals, 3) Pressure to stay connected, 4) Social engagement and peer support and 5) Exposure to bullying and harmful content. This review has highlighted how social media use can contribute to poor mental health – through validation-seeking practices, fear of judgement, body comparison, addiction and cyberbullying. It also demonstrates social media’s positive impact on adolescent wellbeing - through connection, support and discussion forums for those with similar diagnoses. Future research should consider adolescent views on improvements to social media, studying younger participants, and the impact of COVID-19 on social media use and its associated mental health implications.
Nurses assessment of development hip dysplasia: A scoping review
Authors: Smart Larissa , Pelentsov Lemuel , Childs Jessie , Williams Nicole , Esterman Adrian
Published: June 2022

Developmental hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint which is associated with an unstable or dislocatable hip. During infancy, hips should be screened to determine whether they are stable, unstable or dislocated. In Australia, this screening is often performed by nurses using physical assessment. Physical examination includes a number of assessments which seek to identify underlying abnormalities in hip joint anatomy and function. This scoping review outlines the physical assessments used by nurses in the screening and surveillance of developmental hip dysplasia. A review of the literature identified 15 ( N = 15; 100%) sources of evidence, which included original research articles ( n = 6; 40%), expert opinion pieces ( n = 2; 13.3%) and practice guidelines ( n = 7; 46.7%). There were 18 physical assessments identified as being used by nurses in the screening process for developmental hip dysplasia. However, it is apparent that high quality research is required to examine the timing, specificity and sensitivity of the physical assessments identified.
Effectiveness of a smoking cessation decision-making electronic tool (Pare de Fumar Conosco): A randomized clinical trial
Authors: da Silva Teixeira Roberta , Garcia de Siqueira Galil Arise , Cupertino Ana Paula , Cartujano-Barrera Francisco , Basile Colugnati Fernando Antônio
Published: June 2022

There is an underutilization of smoking cessation treatment among patients with chronic conditions, which indicates a need for new strategies to engage them. Web-based smoking cessation decision-making tools can be beneficial. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Pare de Fumar Conosco software at increasing engagement to smoking cessation counseling groups among Brazilian smokers with chronic conditions. Clinical trial participants were randomized to Pare de Fumar Conosco or standard of care. Engagement in the smoking cessation counseling group was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included motivation level, cessation rate, completion, and treatment adherence. The t-tests and Chi-square analyzed baseline differences between groups and the Poisson models, the effects of the intervention. Engagement rates were higher in the Pare de Fumar Conosco (IR=2.22; 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.63) concerning the standard of care. Pare de Fumar Conosco group was more adherent to treatment over time (6.4% versus 4.2% in the final week). Cessation rate was 26.3% in standard care and 23.1% in Pare de Fumar Conosco. Both interventions maintained significant motivation levels to quit smoking. The Pare de Fumar Conosco intervention effectively increases the engagement in the smoking cessation counseling groups. There is a need to improve the smoking cessation rate.
Simulating isothermal Euler model with non-vacuum initial data via mR scheme
Authors: Abdelrahman Mahmoud AE , Alkhidhr Hanan A , Mohamed Kamel
Published: June 2022

We consider the isothermal Euler model with non-vacuum initial data. We extract the Riemann invariants of the isothermal Euler model, which admits vital applications. We also design the modified Rusanov (mR) scheme to solve the isothermal Euler model. This scheme consists of two steps, the first step of the scheme depends on a local parameter allowing to control diffusion. The second stage recovers conservation equation. This technique is a straightforward to implement and precise. We compare this scheme with the Rusanov scheme via three numerical examples. This numerical study verifies the efficiency of the mR scheme. Finally, the mR scheme can be used to solve many other models in applied science.
Enacting cross-platform (buy/boy)cotts: Yellow Economic Circle and the new citizen-consumer politics in Hong Kong
Authors: Poon Hannah , Tse Tommy
Published: June 2022

While existing studies assert that citizens actively use digital media to exert their political agency, the various roles and impacts of digital media should be further unpacked. Building on the notions of ‘digital democratic affordance’ and ‘cross-platform play’, this article uniquely theorises political consumerism as a multi-scalar mode of human–non-human interactions. The concept of multi-scalar cross-platform affordances is formulated to demonstrate how different digital platforms – large or small, corporate or amateur, global or local – co-constitute an environment in which citizens are progressively channelled to engage in multiple platforms, reinvent them in concert with one another and participate in political consumption across time and space. In the case of the Yellow Economic Circle, against the backdrop of Hong Kong’s 2019–2020 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) movement, we examine such cross-platform dynamics and their multi-scalar enactment of everyday political consumption practices across four stages: deliberation, crowdsourcing, materialisation and habituation.
Facets of algorithmic literacy: Information, experience, and individual factors predict attitudes toward algorithmic systems
Authors: Silva David E , Chen Chan , Zhu Ying
Published: June 2022

Algorithmic decision-making systems are ubiquitous in digital media, but the public has been largely unable to negotiate the role of algorithms in society. Building from the concept of attitude-behavior consistency for political behavior, we develop a framework for fostering algorithmic literacy to develop well-informed attitudes toward algorithms. As algorithms are increasingly relevant to broad societal effects, an integrative approach is needed for a full account of how the public makes sense of algorithms and their role in society. We designed and tested a novel intervention that combines algorithmic literacy with personalized user experiences to see how each component influenced attitudes toward algorithms. We found these methods jointly informed attitudes, but the intervention’s efficacy was dependent on participants’ individual differences in technology use.
“Foreign beauties want to meet you”: The sexualization of women in Google’s organic and sponsored text search results
Authors: Urman Aleksandra , Makhortykh Mykola
Published: June 2022

Search engines serve as information gatekeepers on a multitude of topics dealing with different aspects of society. However, the ways search engines filter and rank information are prone to biases related to gender, ethnicity, and race. In this article, we conduct a systematic algorithm audit to examine how one specific form of bias, namely, sexualization, is manifested in Google’s text search results about different national and gender groups. We find evidence of the sexualization of women, particularly those from the Global South and East, in search outputs in both organic and sponsored search results. Our findings contribute to research on the sexualization of people in different forms of media, bias in web search, and algorithm auditing as well as have important implications for the ongoing debates about the responsibility of transnational tech companies for preventing systems they design from amplifying discrimination.
A tale of triple disadvantages: Disability, chronic poverty and gender inequality in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Diwakar Vidya
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on the interaction between disability, chronic poverty and gender in rural Bangladesh, relying on analysis of the Chronic Poverty and Long Term Impact Study conducted between 1997 and 2010. A series of logistic regressions investigate the relationship between disabilities and chronic poverty among women with their employment, education, assistance and household coping strategies. The results indicate that primary schooling is lower among girls compared with boys in chronically poor households, with implications for the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Even where the probability of employment for chronically poor women with disabilities is positive, these women are potentially unlikely to be engaged in work that safeguards their rights or contributes to poverty escapes. Moreover, in the face of shocks, poverty becomes stickier, in the absence of effectively targeted safety nets coupled with adverse coping strategies that prolong poverty. The article concludes with a call for ensuring that intersectionality is more firmly embedded into existing social protection programmes.
ATOVis – A visualisation tool for the detection of financial fraud
Authors: Maçãs Catarina , Polisciuc Evgheni , Machado Penousal
Published: June 2022

Fraud detection is related to the suppression of possible financial losses for institutions and their clients. It is a task of high responsibility and, therefore, an important phase of the decision-making chain. Nowadays, experts in charge base their analysis on tabular data, usually presented in spreadsheets and seldom supplemented with simple visualisations. However, this type of inspection is laborious, time-consuming, and may be of little use for the analysis and overview of complex transactional data. To aid in the inspection of fraudulent activities, we develop ATOVis – a visualisation tool that enables a fast analysis and detection of suspicious behaviours. We aim to ease and accelerate fraud detection by providing an overview of specific patterns within the data, and enabling details on demand. ATOVis focuses on applying visualisation techniques to the Finance domain, specifically e-commerce, contributing to the state-of-the-art as the first visualisation tool primarily specialised in Account Takeover (ATO) patterns. In particular, the present paper incorporates: a task abstraction for detecting a specific financial fraud pattern – ATO; two models for the visualisation of ATO; and a multiscale timeline to enable an overview of the data. We also validate our tool through user testing, with experts in fraud detection and experts from other fields of data science. Based on the feedback provided by the analysts, we could conclude that ATOVis is an efficient and effective tool in detecting specific patterns of fraud which can improve the analysts’ work.
Complaints: Mechanisms for prisoner participation?
Authors: Banwell-Moore Rebecca , Tomczak Philippa
Published: June 2022

In prisons, participatory mechanisms can foster important outcomes including fairness, legitimacy and dignity. Complaints are one significant (symbolic) mechanism facilitating prisoner participation. Ombud institutions/Ombudsmen handle complaints externally, providing unelected accountability mechanisms and overseeing prisons around the world. A fair complaints process can stimulate prisoner voice, agency and rights protection, potentially averting self-harm and violence, and facilitating systemic improvements. However, complaints mechanisms are little studied. Addressing this gap, we: i) contextualise discussion by demonstrating that prisoners’ actions have directly shaped complaints mechanisms available today; ii) outline prison complaints mechanisms in the case study jurisdiction of England and Wales; and iii) provide a critical review of literature to assess whether prison complaints systems are, in practice, participatory, inclusive and fair? We conclude that complaints mechanisms hold clear potential to enhance prison legitimacy, facilitate prisoner engagement and agency, and improve wellbeing and safety. However, myriad barriers prevent prisoners from participating in complaints processes, including culture, fear, accessibility, timeliness, emotional repression, and bureaucracy. The process of complaining and experiences of these barriers are uneven across different groups of prisoners. Our article provides a springboard for future empirical research.
Application of Controlled Hypotension During Surgery for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Ma Rong-xing , Qiao Rui-qi , Xu Ming-you , Li Rui-feng , Hu Yong-cheng
Published: June 2022

With advances in tumor treatment, metastasis to bone is increasing, and surgery has become the only choice for most terminal patients. However, spinal surgery has a high risk and is prone to heavy bleeding. Controlled hypotension during surgery has outstanding advantages in reducing intraoperative bleeding and ensuring a clear field of vision, thus avoiding damage to important nerves and vessels. Antihypertensive drugs should be carefully selected after considering the patient's age, different diseases, etc, and a single or combined regimen can be used. Hypotension also inevitably leads to a decrease in perfusion of important organs, so the threshold of hypotension and the maintenance time of hypotension should be strictly limited, and the monitoring of important organs during the operation is particularly important. Information such as blood perfusion, blood oxygen saturation, cardiac output, and neurophysiological conduction potential changes should be obtained in a timely fashion, which will help to reduce the risk of hypotension. In short, when applying controlled hypotension, it is necessary to choose an appropriate threshold and duration, and appropriate monitoring should be conducted during the operation to ensure the safety of the patient.
The Cerulean Bowl
Authors: Teague Paula
Published: June 2022

The Cerulean Bowl is a metaphor for self-care and boundary setting in spiritual care encounters.
The DERIVO 2heal embolisation device: A technical report using single antiplatelet therapy for intracranial pseudoaneurysm treatment
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Schoenfeld Michael , Zopfs David , Lüers Jan-Christoffer , Schlamann Marc , Kabbasch Christoph
Published: June 2022

The novel DERIVO 2heal Embolisation Device (Acandis, Pforzheim, Germany) is a flexible, fully radiopaque flow-diverter with a fibrin-based nano-coating, which is supposed to make the device inert to the coagulation cascade. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm treatment with this device under single anti-platelet therapy (SAPT). A female patient underwent endoscopic surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. During surgery, the lateral wall of the sphenoid wall and the adjacent internal carotid artery was injured, leading to massive hemorrhage, which was treated with compression and tamponades. Eleven days after the procedure, the patient developed a rapidly growing pseudoaneurysm at the injury site with a relevant risk of upcoming aneurysm rupture. The aneurysm was treated by implantation of a DERIVO 2heal. A SAPT regimen was chosen due to the recent massive hemorrhage and anticipating enhanced progressive aneurysm occlusion. There were no thromboembolic complications and there was no morbidity. After 5 days, the pseudoaneurysm was completely occluded. The observations of the presented case are promising and warrant further investigation of this device.
Influence of transport coefficients’ dependence on temperature for gas flow in microbearing
Authors: Milićev Snežana S. , Stevanović Nevena D.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents an analytical solution for the non-isothermal compressible gas flow in a slide microbearing with different temperatures of walls. The gas flow is defined by the Navier-Stokes-Fourier system of the continuum equations and first order boundary conditions. Knudsen number corresponds to the slip and continuum flow (Kn ≤ 10−1) and Reynolds number is moderately high, so inertia needs to be included. The solution is obtained by perturbations with the first approximation that relates to the continuum flow and the second one that involves second-order effects: the rarefaction, inertia, convection, dissipation, and rate at which work is done in compressing the element of fluid. The presented model analyzes the influence of the dependence of transport coefficients on temperature. The obtained analytical solution for the pressure, velocity, and temperature is approved by a comparison with the results of other authors. The microbearings can often be a part of MEMS, so the presented method and the obtained analytical solution can serve for solving similar non-isothermal shear-driven or pressure-driven problems. The paper gives an estimation about the error in values for microbearing mass flow and load capacity if the dependence of transport coefficients on temperature are neglected.
Single-dose versus multiple-dose antibiotics prophylaxis for preventing caesarean section postpartum infections: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Igwemadu Gerald Tochukwu , Eleje George Uchenna , Eno Enang Enang , Akunaeziri Uche Augustine , Afolabi Folashade Adeola , Alao Abayomi Ibukun , Ochima Onazi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Caesarean section, a common obstetric surgical procedure, is a major predisposing factor for puerperal infections, requiring the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. Evidence suggests that single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis has comparable efficacy to multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis, but with a lower cost and risk of antibiotic resistance. However, single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis after caesarean section is not generally used in many centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of single- versus multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-caesarean section infections.

Methodology:

This open-label, randomized controlled trial involved 162 consenting patients admitted for caesarean section (elective or emergency) at the Federal Medical Centre Keffi. They were distributed randomly into treatment arm A or B. Subjects in both arms received intravenous ceftriaxone (1 g) and metronidazole (500 mg) 30–60 min before incision; subjects in arm B received additional parenteral doses for 48 h and then cefuroxime 500 mg tablets every 12 h and metronidazole 400 mg tablets every 8 h for 5 days. The patients were monitored for 2 weeks for evidence of wound infection, febrile morbidity and clinical endometritis.

Result:

There was no statistical difference in the incidence of wound infection (6.6% versus 7.4%; p = .882) and febrile morbidity (11.8% versus 11.1%, p = .807). However, clinical endometritis (0.0% versus 6.1%, p = .028) was statistically significant with none reported in the single-dose arm.

Conclusion:

Single-dose ceftriaxone and metronidazole is as effective as multiple doses for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-caesarean section infections. Adoption of this approach in low-risk patients would reduce the cost of prophylactic antibiotics, workload for staff and antibiotic resistance.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and ischemic stroke: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Runming , Zhou Yi , You Chong , Liu Kevin , King Daniel A , Liang Zhi-Sheng , Ranson Janice M , Llewellyn David J , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: June 2022

Background:

Observational studies have found an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ischemic stroke.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genetic liability to ADHD has a causal effect on ischemic stroke and its subtypes.

Methods:

In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, genetic variants (nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms; P < 5 × 10-8) using as instrumental variables for the analysis was obtained from a genome-wide association study of ADHD with 19,099 cases and 34,194 controls. The outcome datasets for stroke and its subtypes were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium, with 40,585 cases and 406,111 controls. MR inverse variance-weighted method was conducted to investigate the effect of genetic liability to ADHD on ischemic stroke and its subtypes. Sensitivity analyses (median-based methods, MR-Egger, MR-robust adjusted profile scores, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) were also utilized to assess horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were conducted to explore potential mediators.

Results:

Genetically determined ADHD (per 1 SD) was significantly associated with a higher risk of any ischemic stroke (AIS) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.25, P = 0.002) and large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (LAS) (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.10–1.76, P = 0.005). The significant association was also found in sensitivity analyses and MVMR analyses.

Conclusions:

Genetic liability to ADHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of AIS, especially LAS. The association between ADHD and LAS was independent of age of smoking initiation but mediated by coronary artery disease.
The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Behnke Maciej , Pietruch Magdalena , Chwiłkowska Patrycja , Wessel Eliza , Kaczmarek Lukasz D. , Assink Mark , Gross James J.
Published: June 2022

The undoing hypothesis proposes that positive emotions serve to undo sympathetic arousal related to negative emotions and stress. However, a recent qualitative review challenged the undoing effect by presenting conflicting results. To address this issue quantitatively, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 16 studies ( N = 1,220; 72 effect sizes) measuring sympathetic recovery during elicited positive emotions and neutral conditions. Findings indicated that in most cases, positive emotions did not speed sympathetic recovery compared to neutral conditions. However, when a composite index of cardiovascular reactivity was used, undoing effects were evident. Our findings suggest the need for further work on the functions of positive emotions.
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Caused by Transient Hypertriglyceridemia in a Patient With DKA and Normal Serum Amylase and Lipase
Authors: Cheng Hui Sin , Ho Wilbert H. H. , Poulose Vijo
Published: June 2022

We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), and acute necrotizing pancreatitis in a previously healthy male who presented with epigastric pain. Transient HTG triggered by DKA was the likely cause of his acute pancreatitis (AP). On admission, his serum pancreatic enzymes were within normal limits. He was treated successfully with intravenous insulin therapy and volume resuscitation. This triad of DKA, HTG, and AP has rarely been reported in the literature, but not with normal enzyme levels. Persistent epigastric pain in a patient with DKA and severe HTG should warrant the consideration of AP, even if the pancreatic enzymes are within normal limits.
Broadening the comparator group in the context of discrimination based on disability
Authors: Kullmann Miriam
Published: June 2022

Case C-16/19 VL/Szpital Kliniczny im. dra J. Babińskiego Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Krakowie ECLI:EU:C:2021:64. Provisions: Art 2(1), 2(2)(a) and (b) Directive 2000/78/EC
Technostress: A catalyst to leave the teaching profession - A survey designed to measure technostress among teachers in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Siddiqui Sohni , Arif Imtiaz , Hinduja Preeta
Published: June 2022

The world has changed drastically in terms of telecommunication, running online businesses and daily life activities to keep social distancing and to perform the regular everyday tasks since the pandemic COVID-19. Governments have several times declared smart, partial or full lockdowns to deal with the health crisis situation, that has impacted the social activities, gatherings and has impacted the functionality of several professions, including education that are directly or indirectly impacted by the lockdowns. In the education environment the students in large numbers are expected to gather for lectures, labs and meet folks from industry and/or other sectors. The lockdown required the teachers to come up with alternative to meeting in person to online meetings and adapting to online-synchronous and asynchronous teaching styles. To meet the targets set for an academic year, a distinctive rise in e-learning has been observed where teaching and learning is undertaken remotely using digital platforms. This study aims to reveal the impact of computer-assisted teaching on the development of technostress among Pakistani teachers during the pandemic COVID-19. In addition, the role of teachers’ self-efficacy is evaluated and motivation to leave the teaching profession is investigated in the coming endemic climate. The researchers have opted to a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey to generalize the statistically obtained results and test hypotheses. A total of 242 teachers at different levels of education voluntarily participated in the research during the lockdown from March to April 2020, where all regular educational activities were suspended and online classes were introduced as an alternative way to meet educational goals. The findings revealed that Learning Teaching Process Oriented and Technical Issues Oriented are the main contributing factors towards the development of technology stress and motivation to leave the teaching profession. Moreover, teachers' perception of self-efficacy in using computers is negatively associated with technology stress. It is recommended that computer-based instructional coaching be designed for teachers prior to engaging them in digitally oriented online courses to improve their self-efficacy in using computers and to promote a well-developed digital infrastructure to avoid the development of technology stress and discouragement for tutelage.
Dandy–Walker malformation and intermittent explosive disorder: A case report
Authors: El Tahir Mohamed , Ahmed Mai , Salman Salma , Elhusein Bushra
Published: June 2022

Dandy–Walker malformation is a group of brain malformations that sometimes present with psychotic features, violent and impulsive behavior, or mood symptoms. Here, we present a case report of a patient with Dandy–Walker malformation who presented with intermittent explosive disorder. A young man, aged 18 years, was brought to the author’s hospital [Hamad Medical Corporation] with anger outbursts, irritable mood, and violent behavior. His magnetic resonance imaging scans showed typical alterations of Dandy–Walker malformation. He also had mild intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. After a few weeks of treatment with sodium valproate 1000 mg/day and risperidone 2 mg/day, his condition improved, and his violent behavior was significantly reduced in 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow-up. There is broad consensus that Dandy–Walker malformation is associated with psychosis and other behavioral abnormalities because of a possible disruption in the prefrontal, thalamic, and cerebellar circuits. The link between Dandy–Walker malformation and intermittent explosive disorder may help us understand this type of brain malformation as a potential psychiatric comorbidity.
Is lower urinary tract surgery without upper pole heminephrectomy safe and effective in the long-term treatment of duplex system ureterocele?
Authors: Uçan Ayşe Başak , Şencan Arzu , Temir Zehra Günyüz , Okur Özkan , Sönmez Gökçe , Öztürk Merve
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate postoperative results of patients with duplex system ureterocele (DSU) who underwent endoscopic ureterocele incision (UI), lower urinary tract reconstruction (LUTR) or both, and investigate the necessity of upper pole heminephrectomy (UPH) in ureterocele treatment.

Patients and methods:

In total, 44 patients with DSU who were operated on in December 2005 and December 2018 were evaluated for patient characteristics, ureterocele location, differential renal function (DRF), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), postoperative incontinence, proteinuria, hypertension and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results:

UI was performed in 27 of 44 cases (61.3%) as the first-line treatment. Ten of them (37%) had no urinary infection or renal function loss at a mean of 3 years (1.5–7 years). LUTR was needed in 17 patients after UI due to VUR in 14 patients and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 3 patients. In total, 34 patients who underwent LUTR, proteinuria or incontinence were not detected in the mean 6 years’ follow-up. Thirty-three patients (97%) had identical renal scans and similar DRF before and after the operation. No patient underwent UPH.

Conclusion:

UI must be considered the first-line treatment in DSU in infancy. In older patients, especially with VUR, LUTR is effective and safe and UPH mostly is not necessary.

Level of evidence:

4
Scrotal exploration for acute testicular pain: A contemporary UK series from a tertiary centre
Authors: Maynard William , Shanmugathas Nimlan , Mundell Alexandra , Yassin Mussab , Bertoncelli-Tanaka Mariana , Morley Roland , Minhas Suks
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the evaluation and operative outcomes of patients attending a single urology centre with acute testicular pain (ATP) who underwent scrotal exploration. We sought to determine adherence to the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCS) commissioning guide on testicular torsion, clinical and radiological features predictive of torsion, time-dependent salvage rates and surgical technique in a contemporary cohort.

Patients and Methods:

A single-centre retrospective review was carried out from 2015 to 2020. All patients presenting with acute testicular pain undergoing surgical exploration were included.

Results:

140 patients were identified, median age 16 years, 40 had testicular torsion (TT) (30%) where nausea (positive predictive value (PPV) 51.7%, p = 0.009) and abnormal testis lie (PPV 50%, p = 0.008) were more frequent. TT was the most common diagnosis if presenting <4 hours (44%), and in patients 13–16 years (62%). Time-to-surgery from the assessment was <3 hours in 109 of 128 (85.2%). The overall salvage rate was 74.4%, with salvage rates of 100% at 6 hours from the onset of pain. Viable tissue was seen on histology in 30% of orchidectomies, up to 25 hours from the onset of pain.

Discussion:

Surgical exploration <6 hours from the onset of pain is the threshold for salvage in TT. Clinical findings should be combined with patient age and time to presentation to aid diagnosis. Patients between 13 and 16 years are at the highest risk of TT and frequently present early following the onset of pain. Given the heterogenicity of surgical management and the highest risk of TT to the paediatric population, speciality organisations should produce definitive guidance on the management of TT.

Level of evidence:

OCEBM Level 3 evidence
The Ever-Rolling Stream: How Time Subverts “Translation for” into “Journeying with”: Half a Century of Bible Translation in Urak Lawoi’
Authors: Pattemore Stephen
Published: June 2022

Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’ began with linguistic work in the late 1960s. The Gospel of Mark was first published in 1976 and the New Testament in 1998. The Old Testament, though almost complete, was still in the checking phase in 2018. Those raw data reveal time to be one of the primary players in the drama. Time has impacted the agency of translation and its purpose, its cultural context, and even its medium. But contrary to current efficiency-based presuppositions and product-oriented drive, the result is not all bad. In the process the task has become rather a journey where the companionship is as important as the goal. This paper reflects on the exigencies of time and cultural shift over half a century of Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’.
Translating Psalms for Performance and Their Use in Various Ministries within the Church: Examples from South Africa
Authors: Dickie June F.
Published: June 2022

The Psalms were composed for oral performance, and many today believe they should be restored to their performance vitality. “Translation for performance” requires many concepts to be considered, one of which is how the audience (or receptor community) will use the translated text. In the case of translating poetry, these considerations often point to the value of literary-rhetorical translation, which captures the poetical beauty and persuasive power of the original. Also, translating from an oral text and following the form of local poetic genres facilitates ready application of psalms. In this paper, empirical studies illustrate some ways in which psalms have been used recently with communities in South Africa: in corporate worship, in personal prayer, and with sectoral groups. Translators need constantly to keep their eye on the end game, to ensure the translated psalms facilitate a living conversation between people and God, as the ancient poems did.
Translating Ethnonyms in Inuit Bibles
Authors: Green R. Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

This study examines the translation of ethnonyms in Inuit Bible translations. An overview of the meanings associated with the concept of ethnicity is provided, followed by an introduction to Inuit languages and the history of Inuit Bible translation. Inuit translations of seven Bible passages containing ethnonyms are analyzed and evaluated. Recommendations are given which can benefit translation teams who are considering how best to express the meanings associated with some ethnonyms in the Bible.
Island Identity in the Malagasy Bible Translation
Authors: Rabarijaona Brigitte
Published: June 2022

This exploration of island identity considers the island of Madagascar, not as an ideology or mythology, but as a country with its distinctive geographical situation and environment, a reality which shapes the culture, language, and identity of its people. After highlighting different aspects of island identity in the context of Madagascar, the paper explores how this is reflected in the language and culture, and in Bible translation.
Workplace Romance and Career Reputation Effects across Industries
Authors: Chory Rebecca M. , Mainiero Lisa , Horan Sean M.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to empirically answer the longstanding question regarding industry differences in reactions to workplace romance. Departing from prior research designs, and employing the largest workplace romance sample to date, close to 1,000 adults in major US cities reported their workplace romance experiences and beliefs through an internet survey. Beliefs about workplace romance’s career reputation effects, workplace romance occurrence, and comfort with workplace romance differed by industry, with Healthcare, Education, Administration, and Other Professional industries appearing to represent the most conservative workplaces, and Finance, Trade, and Sales; STEM; and Blue-Collar and Manual Labor industries the most liberal. Industry also interacted with employee sex, management status, and age to affect workplace romance outcomes. Furthermore, workplace romances were seen as more damaging to women’s than men’s careers. Results suggest that human resources professionals should develop workplace romance policies that match the norms and values of their workplaces. A “one-size-fits-all” policy will be ineffective and, in some industries, may be construed as infringing on privacy. Workplace romance’s effect on career reputations depends on the participant’s industry, management status, age, and gender, underscoring the need for awareness of cultural influences on evaluations of employee sexuality. This study empirically demonstrates, for the first time, that industry is associated with beliefs about workplace romance’s career reputation effects. Findings for Blue-Collar and Manual Labor work, previously overlooked, suggest particularly intriguing connections among masculinity, sexuality, aggression, and reputation effects.