bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Church and the Healthcare Sector in Kenya: A Functional Analysis of Its Development through Evangelization
Authors: Barasa Francis O.
Published: October 2020

The health sector in Kenya has grown rapidly. The corner stone of this growth was laid by the early Christian Missionaries who combined Evangelization with education and health. Thishistorical developmentled to the development and expansion of the healthcare system in Kenya by contributing to the building of a firm foundation upon which Kenya’s health care stands today. TheChurch’s education-health functional strategy cemented this milestone leading to the growth of a vibrant health care sector in Kenya. This has culminated in a well-coordinated ChurchGovernment partnership in the implementation of health programs. Today Kenya is the leading country in the East African region in the delivery of well-established and functional health care system. The Church’s pioneer efforts saw the healthcare in Kenya expand rapidly to all parts of the country thus playing a significant role in the healthcare market.The objective of this paper was therefore to explore the Church’scontribution to the development of healthcare sector in Kenya, to examine the functional role of an integrated and holistic approach to health care as a tool for the nurturing of Christian values and faith that support spiritual growth among people, to assess the sociological implicationsunderpinning the entire process of growth of health care through a Church-Government participatory partnership approach and how this approach has created a better society.Purposive sampling procedure was used to select four mainstream Churches that pioneered Evangelization in Kenya. Using qualitative approach, secondary data was obtained through face to face interviews with key informants from the four mainstream Churches.Data was transcribed and analysed qualitatively in for of themes. The findings show that the Church played a significant role in the development of health care in Kenya, they also show that the use of an integrated and holistic approach to health care was responsible for the evangelization and treatment of many Christians in Kenya and from a sociological perspective the findings show that the Church plays a significant role in unifying society. The study recommends that the Church should be supported through government policies to continue investing in the health care sector, other Churches in Kenya should adopt an integrated holistic approach to health care and the Church should strengthen its unifying role for the sake of a stable nation. The study will benefit the Church, policy makers and other stakeholders.
AI-Based Yoga Pose Estimation for Android Application
Authors: Chiddarwar Girija Gireesh , Ranjane Abhishek , Chindhe Mugdha , Deodhar Rachana , Gangamwar Palash
Published: October 2020

The importance of yoga is renowned worldwide and its health benefits, which were preached by ancient sages, have stood the test of time. Even though yoga is becoming preeminent, there are important challenges faced while doing yoga such as performing it with incorrect form, the classes being expensive and the shortage of time in our busy lives. Computer vision techniques exhibit promising solutions for human pose estimation. However, these techniques are seldom applied in the domain of health or exercise, with no literature or projects cited specifically for yoga. This paper surveys the various technologies that can be used for pose estimation and concludes the best method based on the usability for an android application. The paper then discusses the methodology that will be used to deploy the yoga pose estimation on an android application, how the app is modeled and the working of each component is explained.
A fegyverek egyenlőségének elve az Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságának joggyakorlatában
Authors: Gácsi Anett Erzsébet
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of how the ECHR appraoaches equality of arms in criminal proceedings.
A rendészeti-elsősegélynyújtás alapjai: definíciók, funkciók, célok
Authors: Erdős Ákos
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the concept and function of law enforcement first aid.
A szakértőjelöltekre vonatkozó szabályozás minőségbiztosítási szempontú vizsgálata
Authors: Nogel Mónika
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the quality assurance provisions of the new, 2016 Hungarian law on forensic experts on expert-candidates.
Elmélkedés a bűnözésföldrajz elnevezése kapcsán
Authors: Mátyás Szabolcs
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the terminological debates in criminal geography in Hungary.
Mirror Instability Driven by Pickup Ions in the Outer Heliosheath
Authors: Mousavi Ameneh , Liu Kaijun , Min Kyungguk
Published: October 2020

The stability of the pickup ions in the outer heliosheath is a vital factor in the generation of the energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon observed by the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer according to the secondary ENA mechanism. Most previous studies of the pickup ion stability assumed simple, idealized velocity distributions of the pickup ions and focused on the parallel-propagating modes only. This paper takes a more realistic multicomponent pickup ion velocity distribution given by the global modeling of neutral atoms in the heliosphere and investigates the role of the oblique mirror waves, in addition to the parallel modes. Both linear kinetic instability analysis and hybrid simulations are performed. In contrast to a recent investigation using the same distribution that demonstrated the growth of parallel waves but reported an insignificant contribution of oblique modes, our study reveals substantial growth of the oblique mirror instability. The oblique mirror modes and the parallel/quasi-parallel ion cyclotron waves grow simultaneously with different growth rates. The pickup ion scattering by two types of excited waves together is more pronounced than by either type of wave alone. More importantly, our two-dimensional hybrid simulation results demonstrate that the development of the mirror instability not only produces its own pickup ion scattering, but also leads to the growth of extra ion cyclotron waves (in a quasi-linear manner), which further enhances the pickup ion scattering. The results suggest an important role of the mirror modes that should not be ignored in the stability study of the outer heliosheath pickup ions.
Simultaneous X-Ray and Radio Observations of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB ∼ 180916.J0158+65
Authors: Scholz P. , Cook A. , Cruces M. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kaspi V. M. , Majid W. A. , Naidu A. , Pearlman A. B. , Spitler L. G. , Bandura K. M. , Bhardwaj M. , Cassanelli T. , Chawla P. , Gaensler B. M. , Good D. C. , Josephy A. , Karuppusamy R. , Keimpema A. , Kirichenko A. Yu. , Kirsten F. , Kocz J. , Leung C. , Marcote B. , Masui K. , Mena-Parra J. , Merryfield M. , Michilli D. , Naudet C. J. , Nimmo K. , Pleunis Z. , Prince T. A. , Rafiei-Ravandi M. , Rahman M. , Shin K. , Smith K. M. , Stairs I. H. , Tendulkar S. P. , Vanderlinde K.
Published: October 2020

We report on simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 180916.J0158+65 using the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), Effelsberg, and Deep Space Network (DSS-14 and DSS-63) radio telescopes and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. During 33 ks of Chandra observations, we detect no radio bursts in overlapping Effelsberg or Deep Space Network observations and a single burst during CHIME/FRB source transits. We detect no X-ray events in excess of the background during the Chandra observations. These non-detections imply a 5σ limit of <5 × 10−10 erg cm−2 for the 0.5–10 keV fluence of prompt emission at the time of the radio burst and 1.3 × 10−9 erg cm−2 at any time during the Chandra observations. Given the host-galaxy redshift of FRB 180916.J0158+65 (z ∼ 0.034), these correspond to energy limits of <1.6 × 1045 erg and <4 × 1045 erg, respectively. We also place a 5σ limit of <8 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 on the 0.5–10 keV absorbed flux of a persistent source at the location of FRB 180916.J0158+65. This corresponds to a luminosity limit of <2 × 1040 erg s−1. Using an archival set of radio bursts from FRB 180916.J0158+65, we search for prompt gamma-ray emission in Fermi/GBM data but find no significant gamma-ray bursts, thereby placing a limit of 9 × 10−9 erg cm−2 on the 10–100 keV fluence. We also search Fermi/LAT data for periodic modulation of the gamma-ray brightness at the 16.35 days period of radio burst activity and detect no significant modulation. We compare these deep limits to the predictions of various fast radio burst models, but conclude that similar X-ray constraints on a closer fast radio burst source would be needed to strongly constrain theory.
Particle-in-cell Simulations of Decaying Plasma Turbulence: Linear Instabilities versus Nonlinear Processes in 3D and 2.5D Approximations
Authors: Gary S. Peter , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Qudsi Ramiz A. , Matthaeus William H. , Maruca Bennett A. , Parashar Tulasi N. , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: October 2020

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used to examine the decay of strongly intermittent Alfvénic turbulence in a collisionless, homogeneous, and magnetized plasma. Results from three computational models are compared in simulations with similar plasma parameters and dimensions of approximately 100 d
i, where d
i is the ion inertial length. Each model utilizes three-dimensional velocities, but spatial variations differ: the 2.5D perpendicular PIC model uses two-dimensional spatial variations with the background magnetic field
B

o perpendicular to the simulation plane, the 2.5D parallel PIC model uses two-dimensional spatial variations with
B

o in the simulation plane, and the 3D model includes spatial variations in full three-dimensional space. Results from the three models are compared using plots of the joint probability distribution functions (PDFs) of maximum local linear instability growth rates versus the maximum local nonlinear frequencies. All results agree with previous demonstrations that linear growth rates are generally slower than the nonlinear frequencies of the turbulence at kd
i = 1.0. However, it is the 3D PIC joint PDFs that most closely resemble joint PDFs recently observed in space plasmas because the 3D PDFs capture both the linear and nonlinear plasma processes, whereas the 2.5D parallel PIC runs do not represent the nonlinear turbulence processes and the 2.5D perpendicular PIC computations do not well represent the consequences of microinstabilities. These results suggest that 3D simulations are needed to properly capture important features of both microinstabilities and nonlinear turbulence.
Evidence for a Buried AGN in an Extremely Bright Dusty Galaxy at z = 2
Authors: Premnath Pranav H. , Spilker Justin , Casey Caitlin M. , Gurwell Mark
Published: October 2020

We present preliminary results of a submillimeter spectral line survey of a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ∼ 2, near the peak epoch of cosmic star formation. We use data from the Submillimeter Array, which recently completed a systems upgrade that substantially increased the instantaneous bandwidth. Focusing on the brightest spectral lines of CO and atomic carbon, we characterize the interstellar medium properties of this galaxy. We find highly excited CO and [C i] emission, and a large [C i] line ratio implies a higher excitation temperature than other extreme high-redshift sources. Based on this evidence, we infer that the source likely hosts a dust-obscured active galactic nucleus similar to other well-studied DSFGs.
The Diffuse Light Envelope of Luminous Red Galaxies
Authors: Leung Y. , Zhang Y. , Yanny B. , Herner K. , Annis J. , Palmese A. , Sampaio-Santos H. , Strazzullo V. , Aguena M. , Allam S. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Bhargava S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Everett S. , Flaugher B. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kim A. G. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Rykoff E. S. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Varga T. N.
Published: October 2020

We use a stacking method to study the radial light profiles of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) at redshift ∼0.62 and ∼0.25, out to a radial range of 200 kpc. We do not find noticeable evolution of the profiles at the two redshifts. The LRG profiles appear to be well approximated by a single Sérsic profile, although some excess light can be seen outside 60 kpc. We quantify the excess light by measuring the integrated flux and find that the excess is about 10%—a non-dominant but still nonnegligible component.
A Catalog of Very Large Array Sky Survey Epoch 1 Quick Look Components, Sources, and Host Identifications
Authors: Gordon Yjan A. , Boyce Michelle M. , O’Dea Christopher P. , Rudnick Lawrence , Andernach Heinz , Vantyghem Adrian N. , Baum Stefi A. , Bui Jean-Paul , Dionyssiou Mathew
Published: October 2020

We announce here the public availability of a catalog of ν ∼ 3 GHz Quick Look observations from the first epoch of the Very Large Array Sky Survey. The catalog consists of three distinct and linkable tables, namely (a) the detected radio components, (b) the host identifications with total source properties for single-component, and close double/triple radio sources (angular separations of <10″), and (c) the Quick Look image metadata. Given the Quick Look images are limited in quality, we include data reliability flagging to improve the scientific usability of this catalog. Using our recommended quality flags, this catalog contains 1.7 × 106 unique radio components with S
3 GHz ≳ 1 mJy beam−1, and 6.2 × 105 host IDs (including 20,000 close-double and triple radio sources) reliably detected across the entire sky at δ > −40°. The catalog and an associated User Guide have been produced as part of the Canadian Initiative for Radio Astronomy Data Analysis, and are available at https://cirada.ca/catalogues.
Outbreak of acute hepatitis A associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in North Sardinia 2017-2018
Authors: Bazzardi Riccardo , Dore Elena , Ciccozzi Massimo , Lai Alessia , Pisanu Margherita , Babudieri Sergio , Maida Ivana
Published: October 2020

Introduction: We describe an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) which evolved in Sassari (Italy), between January 2017 and December 2018, close to a contextual of large concurrent hepatitis A outbreak reported in Europe and recently, in Italy.

Methodology: HAV RNA detection and molecular characterization was performed from serum samples and/or stool by RT - PCR of VP1/2A junction region that ranges from nt. 2,873 to nt. 3,376. The phylogenetic correlation of the circulating hepatitis A strains was assessed by sequencing method according to the HAVNET protocol.

Results: 10 Acute Hepatitis A virus (AHA)-positive cases, 8 of which were among men who have sex with men (MSM) were identified. All patients were tested at the time of hospitalization for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies, only two MSM resulted co-infected by HIV. No differences were observed in median age (37 years vs. 41 years, P-value = 0.14), severity or duration of hospitalization between seropositive and HIV-negative men. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in 2 cases and revealed two distinct sequences of genotype IA linking to clusters recognized in MSM in other European countries in 2016.

Conclusion: Our study reported a recent increase of notified hepatitis A cases attributable to cases in the European interconnectedness of MSM in Sassari, a small locality. Hepatitis A vaccination for MSM in Sardinia region is recommended; however, our data emphasize the need of hepatitis A screening and vaccination not only for MSM with occasional partners but also for those in monogamous relationships.
A French case of porocephalosis diagnosed by radiologists
Authors: Lersy François , Willaume Thibault
Published: October 2020

Porocephalosis is the name given to human infection by Armillifer, which is rare, especially in European and North American populations. Among the few cases reported to date, most of them were described in the African community. Humans can become infected, for example, consuming undercooked meat from infected snakes. Herein we report the case of a 31-year-old male, originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who was living in France for many years and presented with lower back pain and mild abdominal pain. Imaging showed multiple comma-shaped calcifications disseminated in the liver and the peritoneal cavity, without any additional feature. The patient reported regular consumption of snake meat during his travels in Africa, and thus the diagnosis of porocephalosis could be made. Doctors treating patients from endemic areas or traveling in endemic areas, particularly in Africa, should become familiar with this infection and consider it in the case of multiple calcifications on imaging. More cases of porocephalosis are likely to be seen in the future because of the increase in international travel.
Ethical conflicts in COVID-19 times
Authors: Vizcaino Gilberto , Esparza José Gilberto
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges on multiple fronts including a few ethical concerns. Timely and appropriate access to health services and the need to protect vulnerable people are some of them. An important aspect to consider, at the global level, is the frailty of health systems in many developing countries and the constant threat of these collapsing due to shortage of resources and medical supply. Special attention should be placed towards protecting the health of care workers who are highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Research and clinical trials involving COVID-19 patients and healthy human volunteers must be done in strict adherence to the fundamental principles of bioethics, even if finding a solution is an urgent need. Shared responsibility must be assumed as we collectively face a common problem and ethical conflicts must be resolved using, as reference, the guidelines developed by the World Health Organization and other relevant international and national organizations. This would allow responsible action in the face of the pandemic without harming human rights, the individual and collective well-being.
Discovering the Platypus: From its scientific description to its DOI
Authors: Kearney Nicole
Published: October 2020

The first description and illustration of the duck-billed platypus appeared in the scientific literature in 1799. Since its international debut, the platypus has fascinated the scientific community. The past 200 years of scholarly literature is peppered with journal articles containing taxonomic revisions and details of the bizarre biology and behaviour of this paradoxical species. Yet, despite the fact that much of this historic literature is now accessible online, it is almost impossible to find. This is because, unlike contemporary scientific publications, much of the digitised historical literature lacks article-level citation data and digital object identifiers (DOIs).

This paper will detail the work the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is undertaking to bring the world’s historic literature into the modern linked network of scholarly research. It will present three case studies – three “lost” platypus articles from three very different publications – to demonstrate how the retrospective registration of DOIs is critical to making legacy literature discoverable, citable and trackable.

This paper will also discuss the responsibility and accountability that comes with assigning DOIs, including best practice for out-of-copyright and orphaned content, and the issues that arise when the definitive (DOI’d) versions of public domain journal articles are locked behind paywalls.
The New Living Atlases Community
Authors: Lecoq Marie-Elise , Villaverde Cristina , Robertson Tim , Ruiz Jurado Vicente José
Published: October 2020

The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is an online platform that aggregates and gives access to data about Australian biodiversity. For a few years, it has worked with international partners to enhance, translate, and export its robust and modular infrastructure to other institutions. Thanks to several projects and technical workshops, we have managed to make this community durable.

Through our journey to create a more structured and sustainable community, we have completed two significant milestones. The first was the creation of the Management Committee, which included the hiring of a technical coordinator and an administrative coordinator. Both are working together to improve documentation, communication, and help participants with technical and non-technical issues or questions. This has resulted in six new deployments of the Living Atlases infrastructure. The second was the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding to provide structure for the community and explain what we should expect from our participants, the coordinators, and the Management Committee.

During this presentation, we will give an overview of what we have done, focusing particularly on what helped us grow in recent years, and our next steps to ensure that this community remains durable.
A new species and a new record of Pero Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Andes of southern Peru
Authors: Palacios Carlos , Farfán Jackie , Cerdeña José , Lazo-Rivera Ana , Parra Luis E. , Vargas Héctor A.
Published: October 2020

Two species of the moth genusPeroHerrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Odontoperini) are added to the fauna of the Andes of southern Peru in the Arequipa Department.Pero lopeziVargas & Palaciossp. nov.is described and illustrated based on male adults collected in Pocsi, at 2900 m elevation.Pero atridiscaDognin, 1906, previously known from Angasmarca (La Libertad), is recorded for the first time in Arequipa, significantly expanding its distribution range.
The inhibitory effect of melatonin on osteoclastogenesis of RAW 264.7 cells in low concentrations of RANKL and MCSF
Authors: JARRAR Hala , ÇETİN ALTINDAL Damla , GÜMÜŞDERELİOĞLU Menemşe
Published: October 2020

RAW 264.7 cells are one of the most recommended cell lines for investigating the activity and differentiation of osteoclasts. These cells differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of two critical components: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). Melatonin (MEL) hormone has recently become one of the small molecules used in the field of bone regeneration and bone disease treatment, as it has the ability to inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts directly by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The main aim of the current study is to determine sufficient RANKL/MCSF concentrations for differentiation of the cells to osteoclasts and to describe the repressive effect of MEL on the osteoclastogenesis of these cells. In this regard, it was found that 10 ng/mL of RANKL- and MCSF-containing medium is suitable for inducing osteoclastogenesis of the cells. In addition, melatonin at doses in the range of 100–1000 μM does not have a cytotoxic effect. Subsequently, results of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, TRAP staining, and relative expressions of cathepsin K, nuclear factor of activated T cells one (NFATC1), and TRAP genes showed a suppressive effect of MEL —especially 800 μM— on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of these cells.
Le biais de Berkson, ou l’histoire d’un quiproquo épistémologique
Authors: Brault Nicolas
Published: October 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de jeter une lumière nouvelle sur ce que les épidémiologistes appellent le « biais de Berkson », sans doute le biais le plus connu de l’histoire de l’épidémiologie. En effet, l’historien des sciences ne peut qu’être interloqué par l’actualité de la critique de Berkson, dont l’article date pourtant de 1946. Il y a selon nous deux raisons à cela : la première est que son article constitue la première démonstration algébrique d’un « biais de sélection » ; la seconde, qui fait l’objet de notre étude, est que son article critique la capacité même de toute étude épidémiologique à prouver une relation causale, et par là met en cause la scientificité de l’épidémiologie.
How do changes in the theory of cancer etiology impact the development of therapeutic strategies?
Authors: Yvonnet Sarah
Published: October 2020

La principale théorie étiologique du cancer est génétique. Cependant, cette théorie présente d’importantes limites : elle ne permet pas de comprendre l’apparition et la progression de la maladie et les succès cliniques restent limités. Face à ces limites, certains biologistes ont plaidé en faveur d’un changement de théorie. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les conséquences des modifications de la théorie étiologique du cancer dans le domaine thérapeutique. Nous analyserons d’abord la manière dont le concept de microenvironnement tumoral permet de formuler au moins deux nouvelles théories sur l’étiologie du cancer pour lesquelles les événements génétiques ne sont plus considérés comme la principale et unique cause de la carcinogenèse. Puis, grâce à l’analyse de deux exemples, nous démontrerons que ne plus considérer la maladie comme le résultat uniquement de mutations génétiques modifie son explication causale et permet de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques.
Incitations et freins au déploiement du réseau gazier résidentiel à Arequipa : une impossible massification du gaz naturel ?
Authors: Montes de Oca Nina
Published: October 2020

La découverte des gisements gaziers de Camisea et leur exploitation depuis 2004 entraînent une profonde restructuration du secteur de l’énergie au Pérou. Malgré son engagement dans la lutte contre le changement climatique qui affecte considérablement ce pays, l’État péruvien a choisi de se lancer dans une transition énergétique privilégiant le gaz naturel. Cet article aborde à partir du cas péruvien les contradictions inhérentes aux transitions énergétiques dans les Suds. Il analyse les discordances existant entre les intérêts institutionnels, sociaux, et privés autour du développement du réseau gazier dont le projet phare est le Gazoduc Sud Péruvien, mis en œuvre comme solution à l’inégale structuration du système énergétique péruvien et aux revendications des régions du sud. À travers une approche géographique fondée sur des données empiriques et l’analyse de la documentation relative à ce projet, cet article met en évidence les facteurs incitatifs et les freins au déploiement du réseau résidentiel de gaz dans la ville d’Arequipa.
Les entreprises à l’épreuve des cyberattaques
Authors: Eddé Rhéa
Published: October 2020

Les entreprises sont des cibles privilégiées des cyberattaques. Leur vulnérabilité s’explique par leur dépendance aux systèmes et réseaux informatiques et aux réseaux de communication dans le cadre de leurs activités et de leur fonctionnement. Comment le droit, outil de régulation et de répression, tente-t-il de diminuer la vulnérabilité des entreprises dans ce nouveau lieu de conflictualité qu’est le cyberespace ? Comment intègre-t-il les organisations dans cette lutte et met-il l’accent sur leur capacité à participer à leur propre sécurisation ? Cet article analyse le traitement juridique de la lutte contre les cyberattaques sous l’angle privilégié de la sécurité des entreprises. Il éclaire la façon dont le droit français saisit ce phénomène à travers deux aspects, la prévention et la protection et met en exergue les modalités de réponse des entreprises au risque cyber.
Biodiversité en crise et adaptation
Authors: Cheptou Pierre-Olivier
Published: October 2020

La crise actuelle de la biodiversité est un objet de préoccupation pour les sociétés humaines, en particulier du fait des services écosystémiques rendus par les espèces. Paradoxalement, les crises biologiques sont des périodes de renouveau, d’adaptation rapide de la biodiversité, comme l’ont montré les crises passées. Face aux changements actuels, les espèces sont susceptibles de s’adapter par sélection naturelle. Le rôle de cette dernière, comme rempart à l’extinction des populations, a été formalisé dans le modèle de sauvetage évolutif. Un examen de la littérature scientifique montre que les espèces (animaux, plantes…) s’adaptent aux changements (réchauffement climatique, déclin des pollinisateurs…). Par contre, le rôle de l’adaptation dans l’atténuation des processus d’extinction est sujet à discussion. Si l’adaptation ne permet pas, dans la majorité des cas, d’éviter l’extinction (comme le montrent les faits), il est probable que l’adaptation des espèces se traduise par des modifications importantes des relations de dépendance entre espèces dans les écosystèmes (par exemple, les relations trophiques) et, ainsi, du fonctionnement des écosystèmes.
Stopperons-nous la dégradation de la nature au niveau mondial ?
Authors: Wehrling Yann
Published: October 2020

La crise sanitaire que nous venons de traverser a singulièrement bousculé l’agenda diplomatique. Pour l’environnement, tous les signaux sont au rouge. L’augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre se poursuit, et dans son giron, celle des températures moyennes. Les écosystèmes, tels que les forêts tropicales ou les océans, continuent de se dégrader à une vitesse vertigineuse. Dans le même temps, le lendemain de la crise sanitaire pourra prendre deux chemins différents : celui d’une mise entre parenthèses, voire d’une aggravation des atteintes à l’environnement du fait de plans de relance aveugles, ou celui d’une accélération de la transition écologique à la lumière des dernières données scientifiques dont nous disposons. La France et l’Union européenne, ainsi que de nombreux autres États partout dans le monde, mais aussi des acteurs économiques et non étatiques, veulent prendre ce second chemin. Les mois qui viennent, jalonnés de nombreux rendez-vous, seront cruciaux pour ne pas seulement se contenter de nouveaux engagements, mais aussi et surtout, passer à l’action.
Comment et pourquoi mesurer l’empreinte biodiversité des acteurs économiques ?
Authors: Abadie Marc , Cadi Antoine
Published: October 2020

Après trois ans de développement, CDC Biodiversité a lancé, le 12 mai 2020, son outil Global Biodiversity Score (GBS) devant permettre aux entreprises et institutions financières de mesurer leur empreinte biodiversité. Calculer l’empreinte biodiversité d’une entreprise ou d’un acteur financier via le GBS™ revient à établir un lien quantitatif entre son activité et ses impacts sur la biodiversité. Ce calcul s’opère en deux temps. Le premier temps consiste à faire le lien entre l’activité économique de l’entreprise et les pressions affectant la biodiversité, c’est-à-dire à analyser quantitativement la contribution de l’activité économique de l’entreprise à ces pressions. Le second temps consiste à analyser l’impact de ces pressions sur la biodiversité.
Lien théologico-politique et classification des régimes politiques : l’exemple de l’État nouveau salazariste (1932-1974)
Authors: Gonçalves Cécile
Published: October 2020

Il s’agira dans cet article de questionner, à partir de l’exemple du régime dictatorial portugais – l’ Estado Novo (1932-1974) –, la particularité des liens qu’ont cherché à tisser les régimes ni démocratiques ni totalitaires avec la religion chrétienne durant l’entre-deux-guerres. La construction de ces « États forts » est passée par la réactivation d’un système de compénétration institutionnelle hérité de l’âge théologico-politique ce qui les différenciait profondément des « religions séculières », véritable nom des phénomènes totalitaires.
Recipientes bíblicos I. †’ Agmon, *’Aggan
Authors: Rubiato Díaz M.ª Teresa
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo inicia una serie de artículos encaminados a la identificación de los recipientes mencionados en el Antiguo Testamento hebreo, a través del análisis textual de versiones y comentaristas y recurso a otras lenguas afines; por último, intenta determinar la posible adecuación del término a los tipos proporcionados por las excavaciones. En un orden alfabético hebreo, se irán así analizando unos cincuenta y seis términos, incluidos aquellos que no ofrecen una absoluta precisión en su traducción por algún término referido a recipientes. Siempre que sea posible se tratará de ofrecer la imagen del tipo de referencia en dibujo de línea. En el trabajo colaboran postgraduados del Departamento de Estudios Hebreos de la Universidad Complutense.
Judios y moros en Aranda de Duero y sus contornos
Authors: Cadiñanos Bardeci Inocencio
Published: October 2020

A pesar de la abundancia de documentos existentes, apenas se conocía la judería de Aranda de Duero, y lo mismo puede decirse acerca de la aljama mudéjar. Desde principios del siglo XIV, cuando la ciudad ya contaba con un mercado, hasta la expulsión (o conversión), tanto los grupos sociales como los marginales tuvieron gran influencia en la economía de Aranda. Hasta 1480 sus relaciones con el resto de la población fue pacífica. La sinagoga de los judíos estaba situada en la calle Barrio­nuevo. A partir de ese año, judíos y moros fueron relegados a los suburbios y vivieron en condiciones miserables, totalmente separados del resto de la población. Parece que fue muy elevado el número de los judíos que se convirtieron, no sólo en Aranda, sino en toda su región. En 1502 se convirtió también la mayoría de la población mudéjar.
L’appropriation collective d’un dispositif pédagogique à l’école primaire. La construction d’un compromis provisoire entre des principes de justice différents : le cas du « plan de travail »
Authors: Lefeuvre Gwénaël , Fondeville Bruno , Bonasio Rémi , Veyrunes Philippe
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre d’une recherche-accompagnement menée au sein d’une école primaire, nous interrogerons les processus d’appropriation collective d’un dispositif pédagogique particulier conçu par l’équipe enseignante : le plan de travail. Les objectifs visés par les enseignants, à partir de ce dispositif, sont de favoriser l’individualisation des apprentissages scolaires des élèves, de prendre en compte leurs rythmes individuels puis de favoriser leur autonomie dans le travail. À partir de données issues des réunions collectives menées dans le cadre de la recherche-accompagnement, nous analyserons les justifications que les enseignants mobilisent pour construire des accords à propos du dispositif mis en œuvre. La sociologie de la justification (Boltanski & Thévenot, 1991) sera convoquée pour mettre en évidence les compromis qui caractérisent le dispositif, à partir notamment des systèmes de valeurs et des différents « mondes » à partir desquels se référent les enseignants pour coordonner leurs actions au sein du dispositif.
L’orientation scolaire comme problème public (1964-1968) : sens et finalités d’une politique éducative
Authors: Lehner Paul
Published: October 2020

L’étude localisée ou structurelle de l’orientation scolaire laisse dans l’ombre la question des acteurs des politiques en matière d’orientation et de leurs représentations. Cet article propose de combler cet angle mort en révélant grâce à des sources originales le processus d’élaboration du problème public de l’orientation scolaire. L’analyse croisée des archives nationales met au jour les acteurs de la réforme, l’espace des pensables dans laquelle elle s’inscrit et, par conséquent, ses finalités.
Advancing Community-Engaged Teacher Education Through Narrative, Poetry, and Performance
Authors: Zimmerman Aaron Samuel
Published: October 2020

Learning to become a democratic educator requires listening to and learning from the perspectives, values, goals, and concerns of local communities. Obtaining and learning from this knowledge, however, is not without its challenges. This article will present an overview of community-engaged teacher education as well as some of the challenges inherent to this endeavor. This article will then present an argument for how three particular methodologies of arts-based research (narrative, poetry, and performance) may be effective means through which to capture and share the knowledge possessed by community stakeholders.
Semantic Annotation of Web of Things Using Entity Linking
Authors: Nadim Ismail , El Ghayam Yassine , Sadiq Abdelalim
Published: October 2020

The web of things (WoT) improves syntactic interoperability between internet of things (IoT) devices by leveraging web standards. However, the lack of a unified WoT data model remains a challenge for the semantic interoperability. Fortunately, semantic web technologies are taking this challenge over by offering numerous semantic vocabularies like the semantic sensor networks (SSN) ontology. Although it enables the semantic interoperability between heterogeneous devices, the manual annotation hinders the scalability of the WoT. As a result, the automation of the semantic annotation of WoT devices becomes a prior issue for researchers. This paper proposes a method to improve the semi-automatic semantic annotation of web of things (WoT) using the entity linking task and the well-known ontologies, mainly the SSN.
A Framework for Enhancing Mobile Learner-Determined Language Learning in Authentic Situational Contexts
Authors: Palalas Agnieszka , Wark Norine
Published: October 2020

Mobile technology melds the mobile learner's authentic real and virtual worlds, enabling increasingly untethered personalized, learner-determined language learning opportunities. This article introduces an evidence-based framework founded upon cumulative findings from a number of the authors' recent and ongoing research projects. This framework provides guidance for designing mobile language learning activities within the learner's evolving personal, authentic situational learning context. The framework consists of three learner dimensions and four external contextual affordances that synergistically define the dynamics of this learning context. The merger of these dimensions and external contextual elements yields three interdependent learning concepts—personalization, adaptation, and relevancy—which enhance the mobile learner's motivation and self-determination. Application of these concepts enables instructors and learners to design mobile language activities that consider the interplay of numerous factors impacting language learning in context.
Effect of Soil on the Seismic Response of Structures Taking Into Consideration Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Boulkhiout Radhwane , Messast Salah
Published: October 2020

The present study covers the influence of soil-structure interaction on the response of structures and civil engineering constructions under seismic excitation. The response of the structures being studied was evaluated, first, using a perfectly embedded structure at the base. Then, using two different models to model soil-structure contact, the finite element model and a rheological model (springs and dampers) in order to illustrate the impact of soil type behavior on structure response was considered based on periods, displacements, and stresses. On the other hand, the effect of superstructure type and its stiffness on the seismic response will be determined, first, using a reinforced concrete frame with shear walls and, second, using a girder bridge. Finally, in each model mentioned above, a parametric study was conducted to better understand the dynamic behavior of the analyzed structure. As for modelling by finite element method, the study was achieved using SAP2000 code.
“Zeropay”
Authors: Cho June-Suh
Published: October 2020

ZeroPay is a “zero-fee payment service,” which is designed to help small businesses. It is a QR code-based mobile secure payment service that the government, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), bank, and private settlement providers cooperate to reduce small business owners' commission burden. When a consumer recognizes a QR code as a smartphone app, the fees charged by the merchant's franchisee will either be lost or significantly lowered as money transfers from the consumer account to the merchant account. SMG started to ease commissions' burden on small businesses suffering from recession, rising rents, and card fees. However, because of this service started with government policy, ZeroPay started with many controversies, and these issues need to be addressed for the service to settle down stably. The main discussion of this paper is that this service will be applied successfully to the market. The author discusses how the SMG efforts settle successfully with strategically initiated services.
Finer Student Engagement via Quality and Lifelong Learning for Sustainable Education
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: October 2020

The education sector needs to attract large-scale investments as that is the key to access, affordability, and equity. It is also a critical factor necessary for economic growth, development, and sustenance. It is important to note that while literacy and elementary education are important and necessary for development, they are not adequate for economic development. Hence, this paper through in-depth literature review and content analysis delves into the stakeholder approach in education for finer student engagement via quality and lifelong learning, which would hopefully not only optimize the education impact but also ensure quality and promote lifelong learning for sustainability in education.
Integration of Semantics Into Sensor Data for the IoT
Authors: Sejdiu Besmir , Ismaili Florije , Ahmedi Lule
Published: October 2020

The internet of things (IoT) as an evolving technology represents an active scientific research field in recognizing research challenges associated with its application in various domains, ranging from consumer convenience, smart energy, and resource saving to IoT enterprises. Sensors are crucial components of IoT that relay the collected data in the form of the data stream for further processing. Interoperability of various connected digital resources is a key challenge in IoT environments. The enrichment of raw sensor data with semantic annotations using concept definitions from ontologies enables more expressive data representation that supports knowledge discovery. In this paper, a systematic review of integration of semantics into sensor data for the IoT is provided. The conducted review is focused on analyzing the main solutions of adding semantic annotations to the sensor data, standards that enable all types of sensor data via the web, existing models of stream data annotation, and the IoT trend domains that use semantics.
Intelligent Extraction of a Knowledge Ontology From Global Patents
Authors: Trappey Amy J. C. , Trappey Charles V. , Chang Ai-Che
Published: October 2020

The growth of global patents increased over the last decade as enterprises and inventors sought greater protection of their intellectual property (IP) rights. Global patents represent state-of-the-art knowledge for given domains. This research develops a hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based approach as a computational intelligent method to discover topics and form a top-down ontology, a semantic schema, representing the collective patent knowledge. To validate the knowledge extraction, 1,546 smart retailing patents collected from the Derwent Innovation platform from 2011 and 2016 are used to build the domain ontology schema. The patent set focuses on in-use, globally established, and non-disputed IP covering payment, user experience, and information integration for smart retailing. The clustering and LDA-based ontology system automatically build the knowledge map, which identifies the technology trends and the technology gaps enabling the development of competitive R&D and management strategies.
Qualidade do conselho de administração em companhias brasileiras de capital aberto
Authors: Ihlenffeldt Edson Luiz , Colauto Romualdo Douglas
Published: October 2020

O Conselho de Administração é o principal órgão no sistema de governança corporativa que, deliberando sobre a continuidade da empresa, se tornou uma exigência de mercado. Os estudos que tratam do índice de governança corporativa trazem o Conselho de Administração como um órgão interno desse índice. O estudo inova metodologicamente ao construir o Índice de Qualidade do Conselho de Administração, elaborando uma métrica com 40 itens de acordo com as Melhores Práticas de Governança IBGC (2015), dividida em 4 categorias alicerçadas nos estudos de Zahra e Pearce (1990) que definem como atributos que afetam a performance do Conselho de Administração: (i) a estrutura que define a organização; (ii) a composição que trata do tamanho do conselho; (iii) as características que apontam informações sobre experiência profissional; (iv) os processos da tomada de decisão e os procedimentos de monitoramento das relações entre gestores e investidores. A amostra é composta por 85 empresas internacionalizadas, com país sede Brasil, em painel balanceado, distribuídas no período de 2012 a 2016, com informações coletadas nos Formulários de Referência. O Índice de Qualidade do Conselho de Administração foi validado internamente através do alfa de Cronbach por ano e categoria. Os resultados permitiram a elaboração de gráficos por categorias, setores e itens do índice, evidenciando a evolução ao longo dos anos das Categorias Características e Processos e o engessamento das categorias Estrutura e Composição. O estudo ratifica o Conselho de Administração como principal órgão da Governança Corporativa que delibera sobre a continuidade da empresa e representa uma solução de mercado para amenizar os problemas de agência nas organizações.
RATES – Reserva das cooperativas brasileiras em prol dos cooperados: há incentivo para a sua realização?
Authors: Londero Paola Richter , Ferraz Luana Zanetti Trindade , Dos Santos Ariovaldo
Published: October 2020

Dois dos princípios do cooperativismo que moldam a natureza e o funcionamento das cooperativas são destacados no presente trabalho: o Princípio da Educação, Treinamento e Informação Cooperativa; e, o Princípio da Preocupação com a Comunidade. A existência desses princípios corrobora o objetivo social das cooperativas. Com base nisso, no Brasil, a Lei nº 5.764/71 determina a criação do Fundo de Assistência Técnica, Educacional e Social (FATES-RATES) para cooperativas, uma reserva de constituição obrigatória, sendo destinada à prestação de assistência técnica, educacional e social aos associados e seus familiares. Contudo, a inexistência de determinações legais sobre a realização da RATES tem feito com que haja um aumento desenfreado dessa reserva em algumas cooperativas brasileiras. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar e discutir os possíveis fatores e consequências associadas à redução da utilização dos recursos vinculados à reserva de assistência técnica, social e educacional nas sociedades cooperativas brasileiras. A metodologia da pesquisa é desdobrada em uma análise quantitativa dos dados das cooperativas listadas na edição das 400 Melhores e Maiores do setor agropecuário, publicados pela Revista Exame 2016 e na análise de 21 entrevistas com partes interessadas envolvidas no processo de constituição e realização da RATES. Os dados da demonstram que 76% das cooperativas da amostra apresentam valores de constituição que ultrapassam os valores de realização. Segundo os entrevistados, a RATES deixa de ser realizada porque compõe o capital de giro da cooperativa, por insuficiência de fluxo de caixa, e por seus valores estarem financiando estoques,imobilizado e investimentos das cooperativas.