bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classificação orientada a objetos aplicada na caracterização da cobertura da terra no Araguaia
Authors: Fernandes Rener Ribeiro , Nunes Gustavo Manzon , Silva Thiago Sanna Freire
Published: November 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a classificação orientada a objetos em imagens TM/ Landsat‑5, para caracterizar classes de uso e cobertura da terra, na região do Médio Araguaia. A cena 223/068, adquirida em 5/9/2010, foi submetida a correção radiométrica, atmosférica e geométrica, como etapas de pré‑processamento. Em seguida, foram geradas duas imagens por meio das matemáticas de bandas espectrais do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e do índice de água por diferença normalizada modificado (MNDWI), utilizados na classificação de imagens. Para a segmentação destas, utilizaram-se os parâmetros de escala 250, 200, 150, 100, 50, os algoritmos "assign class" e "nearest neighbor", e os descritores de média, área e relação de borda. Foi empregada matriz de confusão, para avaliar a acurácia da classificação, por meio do coeficiente de exatidão global e do índice de concordância Kappa. A exatidão global para o mapeamento foi de 83,3%, com coeficiente Kappa de 0,72. A classificação foi feita quanto às fitofisionomias do Cerrado, ao uso antrópico e urbano da terra, a corpos d'água e a bancos de areia. As matemáticas de bandas espectrais utilizadas apresentam resultados promissores no delineamento das classes de cobertura da terra no Araguaia.
Use of cyanoacrylate in the coaptation of edges of surgical wounds
Authors: Lins Ruthinéia Diógenes Alves Uchôa , Gomes Raquel Christina Barboza , Santos Kátia Simone Alves dos , Silva Paula Vanessa da , Silva Renata Torres Moreira da , Ramos Ianny Alves
Published: November 2012

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.
Psoriasis and uveitis: a literature review
Authors: Fraga Naiara Abreu de Azevedo , Oliveira Maria de Fátima Paim de , Follador Ivonise , Rocha Bruno de Oliveira , Rêgo Vitória Regina
Published: November 2012

Psoriasis is a systemic, chronic, immunologically mediated disease, with significant genetic and environmental influences. It affects from 1 to 3% of the world population. Recently, the relation between psoriasis and different comorbidities, particularly metabolic syndrome, has become extremely relevant. Uveitis is characterized by a process of intraocular inflammation resulting from various causes. Considering psoriasis and uveitis as immune-mediated diseases, this study aims to evaluate the possible association of psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis with uveitis and its subtypes. Few studies have evaluated the association of uveitis and psoriasis without joint involvement. It seems that psoriasis without arthropathy is not a risk factor for the development of uveitis. Uveitis tends to develop more frequently in patients with arthropathy or pustular psoriasis than in patients with other forms of psoriasis. Ophthalmic examination should be performed periodically in patients with psoriasis and uveitis. If ophthalmopathy is diagnosed, the patient should receive adequate treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs or immunomodulators to prevent vision loss.
A unique case of hereditary bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis on the face
Authors: Jankovic Irena , Kovacevic Predrag , Visnjic Milan , Jankovic Dimitrije , Velickovic Milena
Published: November 2012

Segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare clinical finding generally with no family history and facial involvement. There are four subtypes of segmental neurofibromatosis: true segmental, localized cases with deep involvement, hereditary segmental and bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis. Here we report three patients from the same family (father, son and granddaughter) with segmental bilateral neurofibromatosis on the face. This form hasn't noticed in the literature.
Case for diagnosis
Authors: Fernandes Iolanda Conde , Sanches Madalena , Alves Rosário , Selores Manuela
Published: November 2012

We report a clinical case of a rare variant of pemphigus - pemphigus herpetiformis - which combines the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis with the immunological findings of pemphigus. Due to its atypical presentation, it is frequently misdiagnosed as dermatitis herpetiformis. It is basically characterized by the herpetiform pattern of skin lesions, severe pruritus and by the presence of eosinophilic spongiosis confirmed on histopathology. We call attention to the excellent response to dapsone.
As representações da saúde bucal na mídia impressa
Authors: Cavaca Aline Guio , Gentilli Victor , Marcolino Eliana Martins , Emmerich Adauto
Published: November 2012

Buscou-se compreender como as informações sobre Saúde Bucal são veiculadas pela mídia impressa no estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo de 66 matérias relacionadas à temática, veiculadas no período de março de 2004 a junho de 2009, nos jornais A Gazeta e A Tribuna.O material empírico originou sete categorias analíticas: responsabilização do indivíduo; realidades extremas; imaginário popular do dentista e do consultório dentário; patologização da halitose; valorização estética; determinantes da saúde bucal; prevenção e hábitos. A abordagem midiática da saúde bucal perpassa uma complexidade de fatores sociais, culturais, políticos, biológicos e econômicos, que destaca a importância de uma comunicação contextualizada com os interesses da sociedade, que seja interativa e dialógica e explore sua potência crítica na educação e promoção da saúde, veiculando, de maneira consciente, o consumismo em Saúde Bucal.
A construção da imagem corporal de sujeitos obesos e sua relação com os imperativos contemporâneos de embelezamento corporal
Authors: Marcuzzo Miquela , Pich Santiago , Dittrich Maria Glória
Published: November 2012

A imagem corporal é identificada como a representação mental do próprio corpo, construída a partir das dimensões fisiológica, libidinal e social. Os aspectos sociais apresentam maior relevância, haja vista as influências dos valores de estética corporal na contemporaneidade, atingindo com particular intensidade os sujeitos obesos. Este estudo objetivou compreender como os imperativos de estética corporal interferem na constituição da imagem corporal de homens e mulheres obesos mórbidos com idades entre vinte e 43 anos. Adotou-se a História de Vida Focal, utilizando-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista em profundidade. Resultados indicaram que as mulheres estão mais insatisfeitas com o corpo, sendo o principal motivo as comparações com as imagens midiáticas. Verificou-se que as estruturas sociais são construídas a partir das características corporais do "homem médio". Observaram-se elementos inerentes à distorção da imagem corporal em todas as suas dimensões constitutivas.
Processos da vida, processos da matéria: os diferentes sentidos de natureza entre biólogos e físicos
Authors: Belo Carolina Lima Alves , Falcão Eliane Brígida Morais , Faria Flavio Silva
Published: November 2012

Aplicamos a metodologia de análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para comparar as representações sociais relacionadas ao termo natureza em dois grupos de docentes pesquisadores - um de físicos, outro de biólogos - em uma universidade pública brasileira. Foram identificadas cinco classes de discurso coletivo entre os sujeitos investigados, cada uma das quais foi expressa por ambos os grupos. Dois discursos identificados - que denominamos natureza é o natural (DSC1) e natureza é tudo (DSC2) - associam natureza ao não tocado ou originalmente feito pelo homem (DSC1) e a tudo o que compõe o universo (DSC2). Embora de maior adesão em ambos os grupos, o primeiro discurso teve uma adesão mais significativa entre os físicos; o segundo, por sua vez, foi mais frequente entre os biólogos. Dentre as classes de discursos de menor adesão, uma delas foi caracterizada pela dúvida dos sujeitos sobre o significado efetivo de natureza. Os resultados foram discutidos sob duas abordagens: (a) do ponto de vista das relações entre os termos natureza e ambiente no âmbito da educação ambiental, tendo em vista a importância social dos cientistas na formação e na transmissão de conhecimentos relacionados ao assunto; e (b) do ponto de vista das diferenças de fundamentos filosóficos (ontológicos e epistemológicos) entre os dois grupos de cientistas da natureza.
Motivação de alunos do ensino fundamental: relações entre rendimento acadêmico, autoconceito, atribuições de causalidade e metas de realização
Authors: Zambon Melissa Picchi , Rose Tânia Maria Santana de
Published: November 2012

Este estudo insere-se no âmbito da pesquisa que aborda a influência exercida por construtos motivacionais de natureza cognitiva - tais como crenças, metas e valores dos estudantes - sobre a motivação e o rendimento acadêmico. Procurou-se identificar as relações entre níveis baixo, médio e alto de rendimento na disciplina de português e o autoconceito, as atribuições de causalidade para sucesso e fracasso e as metas de realização apresentadas por estudantes do ensino fundamental. Um grupo de 159 alunos de 6ª e 7ª séries responderam a três instrumentos específicos para avaliação dos construtos motivacionais. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto ao autoconceito, às atribuições e às metas apresentadas pelos os alunos com alto rendimento e os resultados demonstrados por alunos com baixo e médio rendimento, sendo que os alunos com alto rendimento apresentaram autoconceito em leitura e escrita mais elevado, atribuíram mais o sucesso à capacidade e ao esforço e tiveram maior tendência à adoção da meta aprender do que os alunos com notas médias e baixas. Discutem-se os resultados como indicadores da qualidade da motivação dos estudantes e do engajamento motivacional, bem como a importância da influência do contexto de sala de aula para a compreensão e a promoção da motivação dos estudantes.
Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding
Authors: Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira , Farias Arthur Costa Rodrigues , Barbosa Marcelo de Castellucci e
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.
Orthodontic treatment in adults: restoring smile esthetics
Authors: Capelozza Filho Leopoldino , Aranha Maria Fernanda Barros , Ozawa Terumi Okada , Cavassan Arlete de Oliveira
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: The search for orthodontic treatment by adult patients is increasing. This demand may be explained by many reasons, but the most important was the change in the concept of normality, allowing the selection of simpler and more conservative and consistent therapeutic objectives. This conceptual evolution, combined with the technological advances allowed an improvement in orthodontic management, making it more effective, fast and comfortable. The promotion of awareness of the society on the advantages of this treatment and the increase in esthetic demands, with an increasingly longer and active social, affective and professional life, creates a context in which the need for Orthodontics is absolutely established for the adult individuals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to report the nuances in diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of an adult patient, in a different perspective. Within this approach, the objective is to recover the shape, i.e. to establish occlusal conditions that would probably be present if the patient had been assisted at the proper time, namely during growth and tooth irruption.
Analysis of width/height ratio and gingival zenith in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor
Authors: Pini Núbia Inocencya Pavesi , De-Marchi Luciana Manzotti , Gribel Bruno Frazão , Ramos Adilson Luiz , Furquim Laurindo Zanco , Pascotto Renata Corrêa
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the width/length ratio and the gingival zenith (GZ), by means of dental casts and digital caliper, in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors after treatment. METHODS: The sample was composed of 52 subjects divided into 3 groups: BRG (n = 18), patients with bilateral agenesis treated with tooth re-contouring; BIG (n = 10) patients with agenesis treated with implants and CG (n = 24), control group. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, t test and ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For the width/length ratio of the lateral incisors, BIG presented the lowest mean values (0.72 right and left), when compared with other groups. However, comparison between groups presented statistically significant differences for the right lateral incisor (BIG x CG) and for the canine (BRG x CG). GZ data evaluation showed the greatest difference for BRG (0.5 right and 0.48 left). BIG (0.95 right and 0.98 left) and CG (0.98 right and 0.8 left) presented more similar values, nevertheless, without statistical difference (p > 0.05). GZ data for the right and left sides of the smile were not considered statistically different. CONCLUSION: Although no statistical difference was found in the comparison between the groups, analysis of the descriptive values showed that group BIG showed the greatest difference in values with regard to width/length ratio. Regarding gingival zenith, BRG showed the greatest difference.
Assessment of changes in smile after rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Morales Cobra de , Goldenberg Fernanda Cavicchioli , Angelieri Fernanda , Siqueira Danilo Furquim , Bommarito Silvana , Scanavini Marco Antonio , Kanashiro Lylian Kazumi
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated changes in the smile characteristics of patients with maxillary constriction submitted to rapid maxillary expansion (RME). METHODS: The sample consisted of 81 extraoral photographs of maximum smile of 27 patients with mean age of 10 years, before expansion and 3 and 6 months after fixation of the expanding screw. The photographs were analyzed on the software Cef X 2001, with achievement of the following measurements: Transverse smile area, buccal corridors, exposure of maxillary incisors, gingival exposure of maxillary incisors, smile height, upper and lower lip thickness, smile symmetry and smile arch. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: RME promoted statistically significant increase in the transverse smile dimension and exposure of maxillary central and lateral incisors; maintenance of right and left side smile symmetry and of the lack of parallelism between the curvature of the maxillary incisal edges and lower lip border. CONCLUSIONS: RME was beneficial for the smile esthetics with the increase of the transverse smile dimension and exposure of maxillary central and lateral incisors.
Influence of in vitro pigmenting of esthetic orthodontic ligatures on smile attractiveness
Authors: Ferraz Camila , Castellucci Marcelo , Sobral Márcio
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of dental students and orthodontists on the degree of influence that pigmented esthetic elastic ligatures have on smile attractiveness, by judging clinical photographs. METHODS: Sixteen clinical facial photographs of the smile and 16 close up images of the smile of a single patient wearing monocrystalline porcelain orthodontic brackets, Teflon coated NiTi wire brackets and esthetic elastic ligatures of five different commercial brands were distributed into eight groups, G1 to G8 (Morelli®, Ortho Tecnology™, TP Orthodontics™, Unitek/3M™clear, Unitek/3M™ obscure, American Orthodontics™ clear, American Orthodontics™ pearl and American Orthodontics™ metallic pearl). Twenty ligatures were used in each group, totaling 160 ligatures. Half of them were used in their natural state, and the other half after in vitro pigmentation. All the photographs were judged by 40 evaluators, 20 orthodontists and 20 dental students. RESULTS: For orthodontists, American™ pearl (G7) ligatures were those that least influenced the degree of attractiveness of the smile in the two types of photographs used. For the dental students, in the facial photographs of the smile, ligatures with the best performance were Morelli® (G1), American™ clear (G6) and American™ pearl (G7) and in the close up photographs of the smile, American™ pearl, metallic pearl and clear (G7, G8 and G6). CONCLUSIONS: For both orthodontists and dental students, pigmentation of the elastic ligatures had a negative influence on the degree of attractiveness of smiles in the two types of clinical photographs evaluated.
Assessment of facial profile changes in patients treated with maxillary premolar extractions
Authors: Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues de , Guimarães Luciane Brigueli Marrone , Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de , Almeida Renato Rodrigues de , Ferreira Fernando Pedrin Carvalho
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the facial profile changes of orthodontic treatment with extraction of two upper first premolars, from the perspective of orthodontists, dentists and lay people. METHODS: Facial profiles of radiographs taken before and after treatment of 70 patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusion were traced. The silhouettes of the 70 patients were randomly assembled in an album with, being two profiles on each sheet of the same patient. Then, 30 orthodontists, 30 dentists and 30 lay people chose the more esthetic facial profile (A or B), and the amount of change they perceived between the two profiles before and after treatment, according to a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The results revealed that 83 examiners preferred the post-treatment profiles, and only three dentists and four lay people chose the profiles pre-treatment more frequently. Thus, the orthodontists often chose the profiles after treatment, followed by dentists, with no statistically significant differences found between dentists and lay people. There were significant differences within groups in the preference of pre- and post-treatment profile. Furthermore, the three groups of evaluators indicated that pre and post-treatment profiles did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion with extraction of two first premolars has a positive effect on facial profile esthetics.
Width of buccal and posterior corridors: differences between cases treated with asymmetric and symmetric extractions
Authors: Castello Branco Nuria Cabral , Janson Guilherme , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Morais Juliana
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE: To verify if there is difference in the buccal and posterior corridor width in cases treated with extraction of one and four premolars. METHODS: Through posed smile photographs of 23 Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of one premolar and 25 Class I and Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of four premolars, the percentage of buccal and posterior corridor width was calculated. The two protocols of extractions were compared regarding the buccal and posterior corridor width by independent t tests. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference on the buccal and posterior corridor widths between patients treated with symmetric and asymmetric extraction. CONCLUSION: The buccal and posterior corridor did not differ between the evaluated protocols of extractions.
A comparison of geomembrane wrinkles for nine field cases
Authors: Chappel M.J. , Rowe R.K. , Brachman R.W.I. , Take W.A.
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT: The length of the longest wrinkles formed in black, exposed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are compared for nine different field cases for a range of different conditions (base or slope; GCL, CCL (geosynthetic clay liner) or sand subgrade below geomembrane; geomembrane thicknesses of 1.5 mm and 2 mm, and textured or smooth geomembrane). The size of the geomembrane area that was restrained was shown to limit the longest connected wrinkle that developed. Of the cases examined, the longest wrinkle was 5330 m for a 1.5 mm-thick geomembrane on sand on a 0.61 ha west-facing 3H:1V side slope. On the smallest geomembrane areas (less than 0.09 ha in this study), the longest observed connected wrinkles throughout the day were less than 550 m. The average wrinkle widths were 0.20–0.23 m and 0.24–0.32 m resting on a GCL and CCL, respectively. Wrinkle height was found to average 0.06 m and the maximum height was 0.18 m. When less than 8% of the geomembrane was wrinkled and the sum of the wrinkle lengths was less than 600 m, the longest connected wrinkle was less than 200 m. Data from these nine cases show that, on sunny days, restricting covering of the geomembrane to the early morning or late afternoon and/or reducing the restrained area of geomembrane to 0.05 ha (or less) will minimise the risk of the formation of long connected wrinkles for environments similar to those examined.
Strategies to clear road maintenance backlog
Authors: Evdorides Harry , Nyoagbe E. Nyoagbe , Burrow P. N. Burrow
Published: November 2012

Over time roads deteriorate under the combined effects of traffic and the environment. However, due to budget constraints and ageing road networks many road organisations are unable to accomplish road maintenance programmes in a timely fashion resulting in a backlog of road maintenance. To address this, this paper explores the development of road maintenance strategies to deal with the problem of road maintenance backlog. The analysis presented is an analytical methodology that seeks to address the what, why, when and where questions of the maintenance backlog in a robust scientific manner. Maintenance strategies based on technical engineering and economic approaches are defined and evaluated using the World Bank's model for road investment appraisal, HDM-4. The results show that with such an analysis the problem of road maintenance backlog can be resolved through the definition of strategies and standards that conform to budget and time constraints and are tailored to the needs of road network's managing authority.
Briefing: Engineers for Africa: identifying engineering capacity needs in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Matthews Petter , Ryan-Collins Lily , Wells Jill , Sillem Hayaatun , Wright Holly
Published: November 2012

Sufficient engineering capacity is essential to the economic and social development of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a basic requirement for the provision of infrastructure and is a key driver for innovation and growth. This paper identifies significant capacity shortfalls in the engineering sector in sub-Saharan Africa, in terms of the size and skills base of the workforce. It explores the key causes of these, which range from poor-quality engineering education to failure by foreign companies to ensure knowledge transfer to the local workforce. The paper outlines the consequences of a shortage of engineering skills for countries in sub-Saharan Africa and provides clear recommendations to the major stakeholders involved in engineering in the region, on how to address the issue.
A semiparametric Bayesian approach to estimating maximum reproductive rates at low population sizes
Authors: Sugeno Masatoshi , Munch Stephan B.
Published: November 2012

The maximum annual reproductive rate (i.e., the slope at the origin in a stock–recruitment relationship) is one of the most important biological reference points in fisheries; it sets the upper limit to sustainable fishing mortality. Estimating the maximum reproductive rate by fitting parametric models to stock–recruitment data may not be a robust approach because two statistically indistinguishable models can generate radically different estimates. To mitigate this issue, we developed a flexible, semiparametric Bayesian approach based on a conditional Gaussian process prior specifically designed to estimate the maximum annual reproductive rate, and applied it to analyze simulated stock–recruitment data sets. Compared with results based on other Gaussian process priors, we found that the conditional Gaussian process prior provided superior results: the accuracy and precision of estimates were enhanced without increasing model complexity. Moreover, compared with parametric alternatives, performance of the conditional Gaussian process prior was comparable to that of the data‐generating model and always better than the wrong model.
Recycling of Solar Panel Waste Glass as a Partial Replacement of Meta-kaolinite in the Production of Geopolymers
Authors: Hao HuiCong , Lin Kae-Long , Wang DeYing , Chao Sao-Jeng , Shiu Hau-Shing , Cheng Ta-Wui , Hwang Chao-Lung
Published: November 2012

This investigation elucidates the mechanical characteristics of geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass. With the SiO2/Na2O molar ratio (S/N = 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75), the percentage of metakaolinite that is replaced by so-lar panel waste glass (0- 40%), and the curing time of 1, 7, and 28 days as the study variables, the porosity, density, setting time, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the geopolymer were evaluated. The morphology of geopolymer was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and its microstructural properties were examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results demonstrate that the S/N molar ratio significantly influences the mechanical and morphological characteristics of geopolymers. The geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass with an S/N of 1.75 had the greatest compressive strength. The intensity of the peak that represented Si-O-Al bonding of the geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass increased with the S/N. Analysis of the sample morphology revealed that the microstructures of stronger samples were more homogeneous and appeared denser. Furthermore, solar panel waste glass has the potential to partially replace metakaolinite as a geopolymer material, and to exhibit favorable me-chanical characteristics.
Effect of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Extract on Blue‐Green Algal Bloom Control and Plankton Structure Optimization: A Field Mesocosm Experiment
Authors: Zhou Lirong , Bi Yonghong , Jiang Lihe , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Wenqing
Published: December 2012

A field mesocosm experiment was conducted at the Three Gorges Reservoir to investigate the utility of black wattle extract in controlling blue algal blooms. The mesocosm experiment was divided into two parts: (1) a short‐term test to evaluate how black wattle extract inhibits algal blooms in an emergency and (2) a long‐term test to evaluate how black wattle extract maintains water quality and prevents algal blooms over a 1‐year period. In the short‐term test, the results showed that 3 to 4 mg L−1 black wattle extract could reduce algal biomass in 1 week, whereas serious algal blooms occurred in the untreated control mesocosm. More importantly, the long‐term test suggested that black wattle extract played a significant role in plankton structure optimization at lower concentrations of 1 to 2 mg L−1. In this test, phytoplankton diversity increased, with the dominant species shifting from cyanobacteria to diatoms and other algae. Meanwhile, as water quality improved through the presence of plant extract treatment, the numbers of smaller zooplankton decreased and larger species increased. Therefore, this investigation founded a novel nature plant agent that not only has good effects on algal bloom control, but also restores the aquatic ecosystem.
Acceptance of Illness and Related Factors in Turkish Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Besen Dilek Büyükkaya , Esen Aynur
Published: November 2012

The most recommended goal in the management of chronic illnesses is the individual's acceptance of the illness, a factor which has not been investigated in Turkish society. We, therefore, distributed 300 questionnaires at hospitals in Turkey, with the aim of identifying the illness
acceptance levels of Type 2 diabetes patients. Of the 300 patients, 46% were found to have a low acceptance level, which was related to low education and income status, the presence of other chronic illnesses, recent diagnosis, low social support, low self-efficacy, and pessimistic life orientation.
Recommendations are made for interventions to increase the illness acceptance level of diabetic patients.
The Effects of Time Perspective and Salience of Possible Monetary Losses on Intertemporal Choice
Authors: Wu Chen-Yang , He Gui-Bing
Published: November 2012

We examined the effects of time perspective (present vs. future) and salience (high vs. low) of possible monetary losses on intertemporal choices in 2 experiments and found that people with high future time perspective (FTP) preferred larger but later rewards while those with low FTP
preferred smaller but immediate rewards. When the future possibility of zero gain was explicitly cued in the present option, this reminded participants of the chance of future loss and eliminated the differences in temporal preferences between those with high and low FTP. In contrast, present
zero gain cued in the future option neither raised the participants' consideration of possible present loss nor changed their temporal preference. Possible future losses were determined to be chronically salient in high FTP participants and situationally salient in conditions in which future
zero was explicitly cued. Moreover, the tradeoff process was found to mediate the relationship between the salience of possible future losses and temporal preferences.
The Effect of Different Response Formats on Ratings of Exerciser Stereotypes
Authors: Sriramatr Sonthaya , Berry Tanya R. , Rodgers Wendy , Stolp Sean
Published: November 2012

In this study we examined the relationships of different response formats, respondent gender, and activity level, to ratings of exercise stereotypes. Participants (N = 203) completed 8 question sets about 8 exerciser stereotypes. In each questionnaire, 1 question was inadvertently
measured twice with different response options of definitely would not like to do this/definitely would like to do this (NL anchor) or definitely false/definitely true (FT anchor). Results showed that ratings on the FT statements were significantly higher than those on NL statements
for 2 stereotypes: judgmental young women and overweight. There were also significant effects of gender by activity level on ratings of runners. Both gender and activity levels were related to ratings of liking to exercise for some, but not all, of the stereotypes.
Comparison of Social Anxieties Among Han, Tibetan, and Muslim University Students in China
Authors: Chen Yongyong , Huo Yongquan
Published: November 2012

In this study we used the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS; Leary, 1983) to explore current situations and compare various characteristics of social anxieties among Han, Tibetan, and Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai Province, China. We found that, when compared to the population norm,
Han, Tibetan, and Muslim undergraduates recorded high IAS scores. There were significant gender differences in social anxiety levels, with females scoring higher than males. In terms of IAS scores gender differences among students from these 3 ethnic groups were found to be significant and
there were significant differences in IAS scores among the groups according to grade.
Consumer Preferences for Mobile Internet: A Comparative Cross-National Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kim Sungbum , Yang Taeyong
Published: November 2012

We use a mixed method to clarify current consumer preferences for mobile Internet and to predict the evolution of mobile Internet. In the first phase, we collected data by conducting focus group interviews with 115 French, German, Italian, and UK individuals aged between 18 and 49 years
and analyzed the data using NVivo 7. In the second phase, we collected data using an online survey and analyzed quantitative data to verify and complement the qualitative findings. Qualitative analysis revealed that consumers perceive mobile Internet as a set of 6 service categories. Quantitative
analysis showed different preferences across services. Correspondence analysis showed that there were intercountry differences in service preferences, adopter categories, and consumer attitudes. Our results have implications for network operators and mobile phone developers hoping to break
into these markets.
Increasing Emotional Intelligence of Employees: Evidence from Research and Development Teams in Taiwan
Authors: Yuan Benjamin J. C. , Hsu Wan-Lung , Shieh Jia-Horng , Li Kuang-Pin
Published: November 2012

Although the concept of emotional intelligence has captured the interest of researchers and the wider public, the mechanism by which transformational leadership exerts its influence on the development of emotional intelligence behavior of followers remains relatively unexplored. In
this study we proposed a latent growth model, recruiting 342 employees from Taiwan information technology firms at multiple time points over a 6-month period to test the proposed model. The findings showed that, compared with their coworkers, those employees who perceived their leaders as
demonstrating more transformational leadership at Time 1, were more likely than others to develop increases in emotional intelligence behavior over time, which consequently improved their task performance and led to the development of an increase in their organizational citizenship behaviors.
The Moderating Role of Online Community Participation in the Relationship Between Internal Marketing and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Chang Chi-Cheng , Tseng Kuo-Hung , Chen Che-Wei
Published: November 2012

In this study we used hierarchical regression to examine the influence of internal marketing on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and how online community participation acted as a moderator on the relationship between internal marketing and OCB. We developed a questionnaire
and distributed copies of this to 200 employees in a publicly owned power company in Taiwan. The results indicated that internal marketing had a positive effect on OCB and that online community participation acted as a moderator in the relationship between internal marketing and OCB.
Effect of Salat Prayer and Exercise on Cognitive Functioning of Hui Muslims Aged Sixty and Over
Authors: Bai Rong , Ye Ping , Zhu Caifang , Zhao Wei , Zhang Jinfu
Published: November 2012

We compared the cognitive functioning of Hui Muslims aged 60 and over who practiced salat prayer (SP) and/or did physical exercise (PE) with individuals in the same age group who did not engage in such practices. Our sample comprised 205 ethnic Hui Muslims aged between 60 and 86 years
who completed the Scale of Cognitive Functioning in Older People (Hong, 1990) and it was found that those in the group of participants who practiced SP or did PE demonstrated a similar level of cognitive functioning which was better than that of individuals who neither exercised nor prayed
regularly. SP may be considered as an alternative type of exercise for older Muslim adults who cannot do strenuous PE.
Effects of different bleaching methods on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Ozcan Erhan , Alkis Huseyin , Turkkahraman Hakan
Published: December 2012

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of different bleaching methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n  =  15 per group). In group I, bleaching was performed with the office bleaching method. In group II, bleaching was performed with the home bleaching method. Group III served as the control. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure composite resin and cured with an LED light. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets were tested with a Universal testing machine.

Results:

Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between groups (P < .001). The highest values for SBS were measured in group III (20.99 ± 2.32 MPa). The SBS was significantly lower in groups I and II than in group III (P < .001). The lowest values for SBS were measured in group II (6.42 ± 0.81 MPa). SBS was significantly higher in group I than in group II (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Both of the bleaching methods significantly affected the SBS of orthodontic brackets on human enamel. Bleaching with the home bleaching method affected SBS more adversely than did bleaching with the office bleaching method.
The Relationship of Career Decision Self-Efficacy, Trait Anxiety, and Affectivity among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Işik Erkan
Published: December 2012

This study examined the relationship between career decision self-efficacy and personal-emotional life, including trait anxiety and positive and negative affect in a sample of 249 undergraduate students. Turkish versions of Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Trait Anxiety Inventory were administrated. Higher career decision self-efficacy was associated with higher positive affectivity and lower trait anxiety and negative affectivity. Trait anxiety and positive affect were the significant predictors of career decision self-efficacy. Implications for career counseling and ideas for future research were discussed.
Validation of Three Compulsive Buying Scales on an Italian Sample
Authors: Tommasi Marco , Busonera Alessandra
Published: December 2012

Compulsive shopping is an impulse control disorder that produces psychological distress. Appropriate measurement scales of compulsive buying are important to identify compulsive buyers. Three compulsive buying scales (Faber and O'Guinn Scale, Edwards Scale, Yale and Brown Scale) were tested in an Italian sample composed of 438 participants randomly selected from the general population. Self-report questionnaires measured psychiatric dysfunctions and personality traits. The data confirmed that high anxiety, obsessive-compulsive dysfunctions, depression, psychoticism, and low self-esteem were associated with inappropriate shopping. The Faber and O'Guinn Scale and Edwards Scale are appropriate for surveys, while the Yale and Brown Scale are more appropriate for clinical diagnosis of psychological dependences.
Citation-Based Findings are (Largely) a Function of Method of Analysis: A Comment on Black (2012)
Authors: Piotrowski Chris
Published: December 2012

Black (2012), using a novel citation-type analysis, identified the most frequently cited journals in forensic psychology. The article prompted two pedagogic concerns: the lack of coverage regarding the attributes and limitations of currently available features of citation operations in major databases, and on the expository level, in addressing a specialist vs generalist audience. The current paper addresses these issues and concludes that databases that offer citation options rely on different methods, coverage, and transparency of functions, there can be much variance in citation-search findings based on the type of analysis performed, and the field of bibliometrics is advancing at a torrid pace. Based on these concerns, citation-based findings would best be considered exploratory in nature.
Self-Esteem at School and Self-Handicapping in Childhood: Comparison of Groups with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Alesi Marianna , Rappo Gaetano , Pepi Annamaria
Published: December 2012

Recent research has focused on the role of self-esteem and self-handicapping strategies in the school domain. Self-handicapping refers to maladaptive strategies employed by adults and children for protection and maintenance of positive school self esteem. In this study the self-esteem and the self-handicapping strategies of children with dyslexia, reading comprehension disabilities, and mathematical disabilities were compared to a control group with normal learning. There were 56 children whose mean age was 8 (23 girls, 33 boys), attending Grade 3 of primary school. These pupils were selected by scores on a battery of learning tests commonly used in Italy for assessment of learning disabilities. Analyses suggested these children with dyslexia, reading comprehension disabilities, and mathematical disabilities had lower ratings of self-esteem at school and employed more self-handicapping strategies than did children whose learning was normal. More research is required to identify and examine in depth the factors that promote adaptive strategies to cope with children's reading difficulties.
Relations of Drinking Motives and Alcohol Consumption in Korean Male Office Workers
Authors: Kim Oksoo , Jeon Hae Ok
Published: December 2012

The relation between alcohol consumption and drinking motives was investigated among male office workers, 270 adult Korean men ( M age = 38.6 yr., SD = 9.2) who were current drinkers. Heavy alcohol drinking was reported by 30.7% of the participants. Social motives had the highest mean score on the Drinking Motive Questionnaire. Participants ages 20 to 29 yr. were more likely to drink for social and enhancement motives than those ages 40 to 49 yr. Participants without spouses reported greater importance of social motives and enhancement motives than those with spouses. Social motives, coping motives, and age-predicted alcohol consumption were regressed on the Quantity-Frequency index. This index score explained 30.5% of the variance in social motives, coping motives, and age. These findings suggest that there is high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption among Korean office workers, who were likely to drink alcohol to increase sociability and reduce tension.
Perceptions on the Essential Competencies for Intraprofessional Practice
Authors: Jelley Wilma , Larocque Nathalie , Borghese Michael
Published: November 2012

Purpose: To gather the perspectives of physiotherapists and physiotherapist assistants on essential competencies for intraprofessional (physiotherapist–physiotherapist assistant) collaboration. Method: A survey was developed to gather physiotherapist and physiotherapist assistant perceptions of the essential elements of effective and efficient intraprofessional collaborative practice. Participants were asked to rate the importance of 36 elements in 6 different categories (communication, collaboration, consultation, assignment of tasks, conflict management, and roles/responsibilities) involved in intraprofessional practice. Results: A total of 1049 physiotherapists and 121 physiotherapist assistants responded to the survey. Analysis identified 10 competency elements perceived by participants as essential to effective and efficient intraprofessional collaboration. Comparisons using demographic variables consistently yielded the same top 10 elements. Conclusions: Our results indicated that physiotherapists and physiotherapist assistants working in private and public practice share very similar views on what is essential for effective intraprofessional practice. The consensus is that communication is key; open lines of communication help to determine responsibilities. Physiotherapy pre-licensure and continuing education programmes should include opportunities to work on communication, listening, and the skills needed to interact and collaborate effectively.
FUZZY RULES AND CLEAR ENOUGH STANDARDS: THE USES AND ABUSES OF PIERSON V POST
Authors: Fernandez Angela
Published: November 2012

Pierson v Post, the famous fox case, has come to be understood by law and economics scholars as a parsed down lesson about rules versus standards, specifically the superiority of the clear capture rule over the allegedly fuzzy standard of hot pursuit articulated by Justice Livingston in his dissent. This article argues first, that the case actually does not illustrate very well the superiority of rules over standards. And second, that, even if it did, scholars who look at the case in this way are missing something very important; namely, the tongue-in-cheek style of Livingston’s dissent, which if taken completely seriously will lead one astray. The article traces the process of the serious ‘mandarization’ of the case from James Kent in the 1820s to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr, in the later nineteenth century. It then shows how that serious treatment continued in the twentieth century. This survey of the uses (and abuses) of the case will be of interest to those who read legal history, legal pedagogy, legal theory, and property law.
Effect of aluminium addition on densification behaviour and microstructural features of P/M processed Cu–TiC composites
Authors: Rathod S. , Sharma M. , Modi O. P. , Khare A. K. , Prasad B. K.
Published: December 2012

The present work is focused on the processing and characterization of Cu–TiC composites. The samples were prepared employing addition of TiC particles to the powder matrix followed by mechanical milling, cold compaction and vacuum sintering. The effects of aluminium addition and the contents of Al & TiC on microstructural features, particle fragmentation, crystallite size, lattice strain, densification behaviour and hardness of the (sintered) samples have been analyzed. The composites consisted of uniformly distributed (fine) TiC particles in the size range of 0.2–1.4 µm and the TiC particles possessed sound interfacial bonding with the copper matrix. Increasing aluminium and TiC contents led to a better chemical homogeneity in the composites. Separate addition of Al and TiC to copper brought about increased hardness. Further, the hardness of the samples increased with the addition of rising aluminium content while a mixed effect of TiC content was noticed. Further, aluminium addition was more effective at a higher TiC content in terms of increased hardness of the samples. Moreover, densification behaviour was affected in a mixed manner in the presence of TiC and Al. Factors responsible for the observed behaviour of the samples have been discussed.