bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queuing-Inventory System with Catastrophes in the Warehouse: Case Rare Catastrophes
Authors: Melikov Agassi , Poladova Laman , Sztrik Janos
Published: March 2024

A model of a single-server queuing-inventory system (QIS) with catastrophes and a finite waiting room for consumer customers (c-customers) has been developed. When a catastrophe occurs, all inventory in the system's warehouse is destroyed, but c-customers in the system are still waiting for restocking. In addition to c-customers, negative customers (n-customers) are also taken into account, which displaces one c-customers (if any). The policy (?, ?) is used to replenish stocks. If upon arrival of the c-customer the inventory level is zero, then according to Bernoulli’s scheme this c-customer is either lost or joining the queue. The mathematical model of the studied QIS is constructed in the form of a two-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain (2D CTMC). Exact and approximate methods for calculating the steady-state probabilities of constructed 2D CTMCs are developed and closed-form expressions are derived for calculating the performance measures. The results of numerical experiments are presented, demonstrating the high accuracy of the developed approximate formulas, as well as the behavior of performance indicators depending on the reorder point. In addition, an optimization problem is solved to obtain the optimal reorder point to minimize the expected total cost.
On the Hafele-Keating Experiment and the Geostationary Orbit Satellite Problem Further Analysis and Discussion
Authors: Zhao Shandong , Zhao Yijia
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the Hafele‐Keating experiment and the geostationary orbit satellite of related physics problems of are analyzed and discussed in detail. If researchers read the paper and think about it, It will be found that the Hafele‐Keating experiment and the geostationary satellite problem prove that some of the core ideas and theories of relativity are seriously wrong. Isnʹt that a very serious problem in physics? Canʹt this cause the academic circles to pay great attention to it? Isnʹt this worthy of in‐depth analysis and research? The core of the paper is to point out that there are problems with the space concept and the reference system theory of classical physics and relativity, And that would bring up a whole host of physics problems. It takes a concerted effort from the academic community, Do furtherin‐depth analysis and research. Strive forthe further discovery and perfection of physics theory.
Overview of Ethnobotanical-Pharmacological Studies carried out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park
Authors: Lahlou Radhia Aitfella , Carvalho Filomena , Pereira Maria João , Lopes João , Silva Luís R.
Published: March 2024

The Serra da Estrela Natural Park (NPSEs) in Portugal stands out as a well-preserved region abundant in medicinal plants, particularly known for their pharmaceutical applications in diabetes prevention and treatment. This comprehensive review explores these plants' botanical diversity, traditional uses, pharmacological applications, and chemical composition. The NPSEs boast a rich diversity with 138 medicinal plants across 55 families identified as traditionally and pharmacologically used against diabetes globally. Notably, the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are prevalent in anti-diabetic applications. In vitro studies reveal their significant inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and certain plant co-products regulate genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion. In vivo trials demonstrate anti-diabetic effects, including glycaemia regulation, insulin secretion, antioxidant activity, and lipid profile modulation. Medicinal plants in NPSE exhibit various activities beyond anti-diabetic, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and more. Chemical analysis identifies over fifty compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides responsible for their efficacy against diabetes. The findings underscore the potential of NPSE medicinal plants as anti-diabetic candidates, urging further research to develop effective plant-based anti-diabetic drugs, beverages, and supplements.
Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Stroke: Increased Risk or Potential for Protection—a Scoping Review
Authors: Carter Caroline ML , Laviolette Lindsay , Bietar Bashir , Zhou Juan , Lehmann Christian
Published: March 2024

Worldwide, approximately 15 million people per year suffer from stroke. With about 5 million deaths, stroke is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of long-term disability. It is estimated that about 25% of people older than 85 years will develop stroke. Cannabis sativa and derived cannabinoids are used for recreational and medical purposes for many centuries. However, due to past legal status, research faced restrictions and cannabis use was stigmatized for potential negative impacts on health. With the legalization of cannabis in many countries of the world, cannabis and cannabis-derived substances such as cannabinoids and terpenes have gained more interest in medical research. Several medical effects of cannabis have been scientifically proven and potential risks were identified. In the context of stroke, the role of cannabis is controversial. Negative impact of cannabis use on stroke has been reported through anecdotal case reports and some population-based studies. However, potential beneficial effects of specific cannabinoids are described in animal studies under certain conditions. In this review, the existing body of evidence regarding the negative and positive impacts of cannabis use prior to stroke will be critically appraised.
Simultaneous Formation of Polyhydroxyurethanes and Multicomponent Semi-IPN Hydrogels
Authors: Carbajo-Gordillo Ana-I. , Benito Elena , Galbis Elsa , Grosso Roberto , Iglesias Nieves , Valencia Concepción , Lucas Ricardo , García-Martín M.-Gracia , De-Paz M.-Violante
Published: March 2024

This study introduces an efficient strategy for synthesizing polyhydroxyurethane-based multicomponent hydrogels with enhanced rheological properties. In a single-step process, 3D materials composed of Polymer 1 (PHU) and Polymer 2 (PVA or gelatin) were produced. Polymer 1, a crosslinked polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) grew within a colloidal suspension of Polymer 2, forming an interconnected network. The synthesis of Polymer 1 utilized a Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) methodology based on the aminolysis of bis(cyclic carbonate) (bisCC) monomers derived from 1-thioglycerol and 1,2-dithioglycerol (monomers MA and ME, respectively). This method, applied for the first time in Semi Interpenetrating Network (SIPN) formation, demonstrated exceptional orthogonality, since the functional groups in Polymer 2 do not interfere with Polymer 1 formation. Optimizing PHU formation involved a twenty-trial methodology, identifying influential variables such as polymer concentration, temperature, solvent (an aprotic and a protic solvent), and the organo-catalyst used [a thiourea derivative (TU) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)]. The highest molecular weights were achieved under near-bulk polymerization conditions using TU-protic and DBU-aprotic as catalyst-solvent combinations. ME-based PHU exhibited higher (M_w ) ̅ than MA-based PHU (34,100 Da and 16,400 Da, respectively). Applying the enhanced methodology to prepare ten multicomponent hydrogels using PVA or gelatin as the polymer scaffold revealed superior rheological properties in PVA-based hydrogels, exhibiting solid-like gel behavior. Incorporating ME enhanced mechanical properties and elasticity (with loss tangent values of 0.09 and 0.14). SEM images unveiled distinct microstructures, including a sponge-like pattern in certain PVA-based hydrogels when MA was chosen, indicating the formation of highly superporous interpenetrated materials. In summary, this innovative approach presents a versatile methodology for obtaining advanced hydrogel-based systems with potential applications in various biomedical fields.
Match-Related Performance in Junior and U23 Judo European Championship: Influence of Covid-2019 Pandemic
Authors: Demiral Şengül , Nazıroğlu Meltem , Özbar Nurper , Taşkın Cüneyt
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the match-related performance (scores and penalties) of the athletes in the Junior EJC (European Judo Championship) and U23 EJC categories before and immediately after the Covid-19 quarantine, according to gender and weight category groups. Our sample was based on the junior and U23, male and females, 2019-2020 Junior European Judo Championships and 2019-2020 U23 European Judo Championships. A total of 1431 matches in these tournaments were analyzed: male (n=812) and female (n=619). The main findings of this study showed that most matches in both the male and female categories resulted in ippon (2019-2020 average: 64,35% for Junior male, 70,55% for U23 male and 69,3% for Junior female, 64,4% for U23 female). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between gender and age groups concerning the match scores. In the formation phase of the technique, considerations of high- and low-intensity actions, and analysis of the speed of athletes during matches in official competitions can help to better understand the dynamics of the variability of movements in judo matches. In addition, suggestions are presented to be applied to athletes in different age categories who are on the way to become Olympic athletes.
Production Capacity Prediction and Optimization in the Glycerin Purification Process: A Simulation-Assisted Few-Shot Learning Approach
Authors: Jitchaiyapoom Tawesin , Panjapornpon Chanin , Bardeeniz Santi , Hussain Mohd Azlan
Published: March 2024

Chemical process control relies on a tightly controlled, narrow range of margins for critical variables, ensuring process stability and safeguarding equipment from potential accidents. The availability of historical process data is limited to a specific setpoint of operation. This challenge raises issues for process monitoring in predicting and adjusting to deviations outside of the range of operational parameters. Therefore, this paper proposes simulation-assisted deep transfer learning for predicting and optimizing the final purity and production capacity of the glycerin purification process. The proposed network is trained by the simulation domain to generate a base feature extractor, which is then fine-tuned using few-shot learning techniques on the target learner to extend the working domain of the model beyond the historical practice. The result shows that the proposed model improved prediction performance by 99% in predicting water content and 79.72% in glycerin prediction over the conventional deep learning model. Additionally, the implementation of the proposed model identified the production and product quality improvement for enhancing the glycerin purification process.
Enhancing Trust and Market Presence of Butterfly Pea Flower Products through Halal and BPOM Certification: A Case Study of ASMAN TEMAN SETIA, Indonesia
Authors: Taurusta Cindy , Ariyanti Novia , Dharma Ferry Adhi , Pambayun Puspitasari Putri , Fadilah Moch Ifan Fadilah , Setiyo Aji Priyo Wahyu
Published: March 2024

This scientific article presents a case study of ASMAN TEMAN SETIA, a local business group in Sawocangkring Village, Indonesia, specializing in producing various processed products from butterfly pea flowers. The study aims to improve public trust and market presence by obtaining Halal and BPOM certifications for their products. The research methodology involves collecting all necessary requirements for the certifications and registering them with the authorized authorities. The certified numbers are integrated into the product packaging for distribution through popular online marketplaces like Shopee and Tokopedia. The results reveal a significant increase in public trust, with the certified products garnering higher consumer confidence. The study also explores the potential of partnership and branding strategies, including registration on Google Business and Google Maps, to boost ASMAN TEMAN SETIA's popularity and facilitate accessibility for interested consumers. The implications of this research highlight the importance of certification in enhancing consumer confidence and expanding the market reach of local businesses, providing valuable insights for related professionals and stakeholders in the field of food product certification and marketing.

Highlight:

The study aims to compare wet cakes made from processed butterfly pea flower, ASMAN TEMAN SETIA, in Sawocangkring Village, Indonesia, after obtaining Halal and BPOM certifications.

The implementation method involves collecting and fulfilling all requirements for Halal and BPOM permits and integrating the issued certificate numbers into the packaging design for distribution through online marketplaces like Shopee and Tokopedia, thereby increasing public trust.

ASMAN TEMAN SETIA's registration on Google Business and Google Maps, along with strategic branding initiatives, leads to enhanced popularity not only for the business group but also for Desa Sawocangkring, benefiting the community's access to butterfly pea flower products.

Keyword: Butterfly Pea Flower, Halal Certification, BPOM Certification, Online Marketplaces, Branding
Enhancing PIA Cake Entrepreneurs through MSME Strategy Training in the Digital Era: A Post-COVID-19 Priority
Authors: Supardi Supardi , Sriyono Sriyono , Hermawan Sigit
Published: March 2024

This scientific article focuses on the post-COVID-19 priority of UMSIDA Community Partnership for PIA Cake Entrepreneurs in the Warurejo Gang Nangka area. The study aims to provide MSME strategy assistance in the digital era by offering training in production management, financial management, and marketing management. The methods involved conventional observations and expert consultation. The results indicate that the training significantly improved the entrepreneurs' creative thinking and operational, financial, and marketing management skills. The implications of this study underscore the importance of equipping small cake businesses with the necessary strategies to thrive in the digital economy, fostering economic growth and resilience in the global market.

Highlight:

Focus on Post-COVID-19 Priorities: The article emphasizes the significance of addressing the challenges faced by PIA Cake Entrepreneurs in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

MSME Strategy Training: The study highlights the importance of providing training in production, financial, and marketing management to enhance the skills and capabilities of small cake businesses in the digital era.

Improved Entrepreneurial Skills: The results indicate a positive impact on the entrepreneurs' creative thinking and operational, financial, and marketing management skills, fostering their capacity to adapt and thrive in the global market.

Keyword: Post-COVID-19, MSME Strategy Assistance, Digital Era, PIA Cake Entrepreneurs, Economic Growth
Sosialization Fintech Literacy Peer to Peer Lending Syariah as Sidoarjo MSME Capital
Authors: Latifah Fitri Nur , Ariyanti Novia , Fauji Imam , Tiswanah Nuris
Published: March 2024

This article explores the transformative role of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia, specifically focusing on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Sidoarjo. While fintech presents a promising avenue for MSME growth by providing access to banking services and capital, its adoption is hindered by limited MSME familiarity with fintech tools. In response, this study introduces the Peer-to-Peer Lending Sharia scheme as a viable alternative capital source for nonbankable MSMEs. The research employs a multifaceted approach encompassing awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to boost MSME fintech literacy. Through a comprehensive evaluation, this intervention reveals improved understanding and acceptance of fintech solutions among MSMEs. Consequently, the article underscores the significance of nurturing fintech literacy in enhancing financial inclusion, promoting sustainable MSME expansion, and fostering economic resilience in Indonesia.

Highlights:

Empowering Nonbankable MSMEs: Explore the impact of fintech adoption, particularly Peer-to-Peer Lending, in enabling growth for traditionally underserved micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia.

Enhancing Fintech Literacy: Investigate the efficacy of literacy initiatives aimed at increasing MSMEs' understanding and utilization of fintech tools, focusing on Peer-to-Peer Lending schemes, to overcome barriers in adoption.

Sustainable Economic Resilience: Highlight the potential of improved MSME fintech literacy to foster financial inclusion, promote sustainable business expansion, and contribute to economic resilience within local communities in Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

Keywords: Fintech, MSMEs, Peer-to-Peer Lending, Financial Inclusion, Indonesia
Enhancing Environmental Sustainability and Human Resource Development through Hybrid Coconut Planting in Assilulu Village, Maluku Tengah
Authors: Latumahina Fransina , Farah Azhari Ince Aprilya , Keliulu Samsudin
Published: March 2024

This scientific article presents the outcomes of a real work lecture, known as KKN, conducted by students from Pattimura University in Assilulu Village, Maluku Tengah. The objective of the study was to contribute to environmental preservation and human resource development by focusing on the planting of hybrid coconut seeds. The study employed a method involving the purchase of 20 coconut seedlings from local communities, which were then planted in vacant land owned by Assilulu Village, specifically in front of SD Negeri 170 Assilulu. The implementation of this initiative occurred on May 11, 2023, as part of the KKN program. The results of the study indicate that the community of Assilulu, with its abundant natural resources, can benefit from the maximization of these resources. The planting of hybrid coconut seedlings not only provides valuable insights into their cultivation but also contributes to the enhancement of human resources in Assilulu Village, thus achieving a balance between natural resources and human capital. This research highlights the importance of sustainable environmental practices and the cultivation of high-quality human resources in rural communities. It has implications for community-based initiatives aiming to promote environmental sustainability and human resource development in similar contexts.

Highlight:

Integration of knowledge: The KKN program allows students to integrate their academic knowledge with practical applications in the community, fostering a holistic understanding of their field of study.

Environmental preservation: The focus on planting hybrid coconut seeds in Assilulu Village highlights the importance of utilizing natural resources sustainably and promoting greener practices for environmental preservation.

Human resource development: The KKN initiative contributes to the development of high-quality human resources in Assilulu Village, aligning with the goal of creating a balance between natural resources and human capital.

Keyword:Real Work Lectures, KKN, Higher Education, Community Integration, Hybrid Coconut Planting
Da'wah Communication Style with Games on Ustadz Abi Azkakia Through Live Tiktok
Authors: Nasikhin Khoirul , Sufyanto Sufyanto
Published: March 2024

This qualitative descriptive study aims to examine the communication style employed by Ustadz Abi Azkakia while utilizing the mobile game, Mobile Legends, for dawah (Islamic outreach) purposes on TikTok. By analyzing data gathered from live streaming sessions and video postings on his TikTok account, the author describes Ustadz Abi Azkakia's unique approach to dawah communication. The results reveal the utilization of two communication styles: assertive style (direct eye contact, humor, openness to opinions, expressive) and passive style (limited facial expressions, infrequent eye contact, gentle demeanor). This research sheds light on the innovative ways in which social media, particularly TikTok, can be employed for effective dawah communication, presenting opportunities for the wider Islamic community to engage and connect with a diverse audience.

Highlights:

The unconventional approach: Ustadz Abi Azkakia's use of Mobile Legends gaming on TikTok as a medium for dawah communication brings a fresh and unconventional perspective to Islamic outreach.

Diverse communication styles: The study reveals the utilization of assertive and passive communication styles by Ustadz Abi Azkakia, showcasing the importance of adapting communication techniques to effectively engage with a diverse audience.

The power of social media: This research highlights the potential of social media platforms, specifically TikTok, in enabling Islamic scholars to reach a wider and more diverse audience, fostering connections and promoting understanding in new and innovative ways.

Keywords: Dawah communication, Ustadz Abi Azkakia, TikTok, Mobile Legends, Social media
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Student Communication Accommodation Strategy in Sidoarjo
Authors: Sandi Sahrul Ali , Dharma Ferry Adhi
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study aims to explore the accommodation strategies employed by students from East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) studying in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, in their interactions with local students and the surrounding community. Drawing on the communication accommodation theory, data was collected through purposive sampling using interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings revealed three forms of communication accommodation: convergence (using both Indonesian and Javanese languages during interactions), divergence (using their native language from NTT), and overaccommodation (expressed through loud laughter and speech patterns). The study highlights the significance of the accommodation process between NTT students and local students and community members in achieving effective cross-cultural communication. The implications of these findings shed light on the importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in fostering harmonious interactions among diverse populations.

Highlights:

The study explores cross-cultural accommodation strategies of NTT students in Sidoarjo.

Findings reveal convergence, divergence, and overaccommodation as forms of communication accommodation.

The study emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity for effective cross-cultural communication.

Keywords: cross-cultural accommodation, NTT students, communication accommodation, cultural sensitivity, effective communication
A Systematic Literature Review: Blended Learning as the Icon of Excellence in Primary Schools in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Abidah Avivatul , Yulistianto Indra Tri , Ramadhan Satrio Ryan , Azwarnaufal David Yusuf , Rindaningsih Ida
Published: March 2024

This systematic literature review aims to investigate whether blended learning can become the hallmark of educational excellence. The study documents and reviews articles related to blended learning from 2014 to 2021, sourced from accredited national and international journals accessible through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. The results reveal that blended learning plays a crucial role as a solution for teaching and learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the 21st century. It has the potential to become an icon of educational excellence; however, successful implementation requires alignment of institutional goals, educators, students, and parents. The implications of this study underscore the significance of embracing blended learning as a creative and innovative approach to adapt to the challenges of the pandemic and beyond.

Highlights:

Blended learning as a transformative solution: Blended learning emerges as a vital approach to seamlessly integrate traditional face-to-face teaching with online education, presenting a transformative solution to adapt to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Educational excellence in the 21st century: The systematic review showcases blended learning as a potential icon of educational excellence, offering a pathway to foster innovative and creative learning environments that align with the demands of the 21st-century education landscape.

Key success factors for implementation: The study emphasizes the significance of goal alignment among institutions, educators, students, and parents, highlighting that successful implementation of blended learning hinges upon the collaboration and synchronization of all stakeholders.

Keywords: Blended Learning, Educational Excellence, COVID-19 Pandemic, Systematic Literature Review, Online Education
Modification of Land Cultivation Techniques in Cultivating Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Miftahurohmat A. , Ibrahim Maulana , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eka
Published: March 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the horticultural crops that has high economic value and is widely cultivated throughout the world. Tomato cultivation requires special attention, especially on tillage techniques to achieve maximum results. The purpose of this study was to determine soil processing techniques in the cultivation of tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicum) in Claket village, Mojokerto Regency. The method used is observation with discrimination. The results of the study were that the land processing technique is with No Tillage (TOT) / Zero Tillage, Minimum Tillage and Maximum Tillage.  The tillage technique applied by the Farmer Group in Claket village, Mojokerto regency is a maximum tillage technique, where the tillage process is carried out from the initial stage to the end and the land is ready for planting, so that the tomato plants produced are very good and of high quality.
A Study of The Biological Effect of Egy Pride on The Quantitative Genetic Variation of The Cucurbit Fruit Fly, Dacus Ciliatus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Mahdi Shatha, A. , Prism Hussein, M. , Humadi Ashwak, T.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the influence of the insecticide Egy Pride on the quantitative genetic variation and wing morphology of the Cucurbita fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus, a pest of agricultural significance. Geometric morphometrics were applied to analyze the shape and size of right wings from 30 specimens, half of which were treated with Egy Pride. The analysis revealed a 67% match rate in landmark coordinates between treated and untreated specimens, with notable deviations at landmarks 2, 6, 8, 9, and 15. Treated specimens exhibited variations in wing shape and size, with a central size measurement of 868.6 microns compared to 850.8 microns in the control group. Statistical analysis showed a Mahalanobis distance of 9.49, indicating differentiation between the groups. Classification rates based on wing morphology were 74% for treated and 53% for untreated specimens, with an 83% rate when based on the Mahalanobis distance. The study suggests that Egy Pride induces quantitative genetic variation and morphological changes in D. ciliatus, potentially affecting their flight and mobility. These findings highlight the unique properties of Egy Pride in pest control and its impact on the genetic and morphological aspects of targeted species.
The Influence of The Kind of Feeding on The Average of Body Growth for The Infant of The Age (3-6) Months in Baghdad.City
Authors: AL-Ani Fatima Faeq Juma
Published: March 2024

This paper was conducted to identifying the body growth averages for the infants of the age (3-6) months and their relation with brest (natural ) or artificial feeding The results showed that the higher percentage was for the infants with the natural feeding in comparison with those of the artificial or mixed feeding.
Also there was a clear increase in the average of the body growth for those with the natural feeding and such results were closer to the standard criterion. While the averages of body growth for those with the artificial or mixed feeding were low.
In addition, it was clear that the averages of body growth of the infants with natural feeding and having home-made food were higher than those with the artificial feeding and having ready-made food. Therefore, it is important to add additional and complementary food for the infant and from the fourth month of the infant's age to ensure the sound continuity of the infant's growth. Such types of food are not necessarily ready-made or bought from the markets, they can be simple and home-made.
Preparation of some azo compounds by diazotization and coupling of 2- amino -5 – thiol -1,3,4- thiadizaole
Authors: Saleh Mohammad M. , Dauood Suhair S.
Published: March 2024

2- amino -5- thiol-1,3,4- thiadiazole (S1) was prepared by cyclic locking of thiosemicarbazide in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate and CS2. diazotization of (S1) compound gave diazonium salt (S2) that reacts with different activated aromatic compounds to get the following azo compounds ,2 [(4- aminophenyl) diazenyl ] 1,3,4- thiazdiazole-5- thiol (S3) ,2-[4-amino- 1-naphthyl diazenyl] -1,3,4 – thiazdiazole-5-thiol (S4) , 3-amino-4-[(5- mercapto -1,3,4- thiadiazole -2-yl) diazenyl ] phenol(S5) ,1-[(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) diazenyl] -2-naphthol (S6) , 5-{[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] diazenyl}-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2- thiol(S7) ,5-{[4-(diethylamino) phenyl] diazenyl}-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2- thiol(S8) ,2- amino-5-[(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) diazenyl] phenol(S9) . All the prepared azo compounds have been characterized and identified through the study of their some physical, chemical and spectrometrical (U.V.I.R) properties.
THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS ON IMPROVING THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN COBS AND WILD REED
Authors: S. H. Raheef
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted in Animal Resources Department , College of Agriculture to estimate the effect of chemical and biological treatments to improve the nutritive value of poor quality roughages ( corn cobs and wild reed ) .
The feeds were treated chemically with 4% NaoH solution ,whereas Aspergillus niger was used to ferment corn cobs and wild reed samples .
The chemical analysis showed that protein percentages of corn cobs and wild reed was increased significantly (P
Some Immunologic Evaluations of Toxoplasmosis in Iraqi Aborted Females
Authors: Ad’hiah Ali H. , Jasim Amna N. , Al-Sheikh Salma K. F.
Published: March 2024

Forty-eight aborted women (Iraqi Arab Muslims) at the first trimester with a serological evidence of toxoplasmosis were investigated. Two age- and ethnic-matched control groups were included: 40 aborted women due to accidental events (Control I), and 40 unmarried (virgin) women (Control II). The subjects were evaluated for the following parameters: HLA-class I antigens (A, B and Cw), blood groups, total and differential counts of leukocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+ and CD20+ cells), phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast (phagocytic index and NBT index), and total serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and complement components (C3 and C4). The HLA-A2 and -Cw8 antigens were significantly increased in the patients, while A3 antigen was significantly decreased. Blood group phenotypes in patients and controls also showed significant variations. The total and differential counts of leukocytes showed no significant differences between patients and controls, with the exception of lymphocytes, which showed a significant decreased count in the patients compared to control II. However, the lymphocyte subpopulations showed a significant increased percentage in patients. The phagocytic index was approximated in patients and controls, while NBT index was significantly decreased. Total serum level of IgG was significantly increased in the patients, while IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels did not maintain such variation.
The Limnological Effects of River Lesser-Zab on Tigris River, Iraq
Authors: Kassim Thaer I. , Sabri Anmar W. , Salman Mohammed S.
Published: March 2024

The present study included the physico-chemical parameters of Lesser-Zab river and its effects on Tigris river. Monthly water samples were taken from the two rivers during January to October 1999.There were no signifcant difference in water temperatures. Both rivers were fresh to oligohalin, alkaline and very hard. Close values were determined in total suspended solids in both rivers with little increasing during rainfall period and high discharge. Water was well areated and over saturation was recorded in several occasions. Dissolved oxygen values of Tigris river were influenced by Lesser-Zab. Cations were more dominant than anions in both rivers. In Lesser-Zab, the anions were increased during spring season and declined in summer which their values influenced in Tigris river. The concentration of plant nutrients (NO2,NO3,PO4 and SiO2) were fluctuated during the study period in Lesser-Zab and their effects were cleared on Tigris river.N:P ratio values were indicated the deficiency of nitrogen in both rivers.
Morphological study of sex organs and pollen grain of chosen wild species from Solanaceae family in Iraq
Authors: AL-Allaq Sanaria A.J. , Mousawi Ali H. , -Musawi Ali H
Published: March 2024

In this study four species from Solanaceae family was conducted. These four species belong to four different genera (Solanum L. ? Physalis L. ?Withania Pauq. ? Lycium L.)
The study included morphological characters of sex organs and their pollen grains for these Iraqi wild plants.The results showed that the position of epipetalous stamens , the shape of anther, their dimensions ,and the length of filaments are important taxonomical characters .On the others hand the shape of their ovaries and stigmas are also important characters in distinguish between these four species .Pollen grains are similar in their general shapes and polarities, they have three germinal furrows and germinal apertures, so they are minor in distinguish between these four species.
New Method for the On-Line Determination of Molybdenum Via New Microphotometric Home Mode Instrument, Using Hight Emitting Diode as a Variable Intensity Radiant Source with a Miniture Photosilicone Diode Detector for System: Molybdenum(VI)-Hydrogen Peroxide-Ammonium Solution
Authors: Shakir Issam M.A. , Turkie Nagam S. , Muhamad Yasmeen H.
Published: March 2024

This research work aims to the determination of molybdenum (VI) ion via the formation of peroxy molybdenum compounds which has red-brown colour with absorbance wave length at 455nm for the system of ammonia solution-hydrogen peroxide-molybdenum (VI) using a completely newly developed microphotometer based on the ON-Line measurement. Variation of responses expressed in millivolt. A correlation coefficient of 0.9925 for the range of 2.5-150 ?g.ml-1 with percentage linearity of 98.50%. A detection limit of 0.25 ?g.ml-1 was obtained. All physical and chemical variable were optimized interferences of cation and anion were studied classical method of measurement were done and compared well with newly on-line measurements. Application for the use of developed method on alloy samples, using standard addition method and agreed quite wall.
STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE HARDNESS FOR EPOXY RESIN AND UNSATURATED POLYESTER
Authors: Mohammed Awatif Adab , Hussein Sinaa Ibrahim , Ali Inaam Hussein
Published: March 2024

This search aim to measure Hardness for Epoxy resin and for unsaturated Polyester resin as base materials for composite Hybrid and the materials used is Hybrid fiber Carbon-Kevlar.
The Hand Lay-up method was used to manufacture plates of Epoxy resin (EP) and unsaturated Polyester EP,UPE backed by Hybrid fiber (Carbon-Kevlar) and with small volume fraction 5,10 and 15 for every there are Layer of fibers (1,2 and 3).
The hardness test was count for material EP, UPE resin and there composites and that we notice that the Hardness (HB) decreased with increase of temperatures.
Particle size effect on XRF measurements of Copper and Zinc particles suspended in hydrocarbon materials
Authors: Jedran Abdulhadi K. , Jaffar Harith I. , Serkes Zareh A
Published: March 2024

Copper and Zinc powders with different particle sizes were subjected to sieving of range (20-100?m) and He-Ne laser system to determine the particle size . 1wt% from each powders was blended carefully with 99wt% from Iraqi oil . Microscopic examination were carried for all samples to reveal the particle size distribution . XRF intensity measurements were conducted for all suspended samples , and the relation between XRF intensity and the particle size was found .
Mutagenic Effect of Crucifers Lepidium sativum and Eruca sativa in Comparison to Carrot Daucus carota
Authors: Al-Khafaji Zahra M. , Khalaf Elham A. , Al-Azawi Gaith L
Published: March 2024

The mutagenic effect of some crucifers widely consumed Lepiduim sativum (Garden cress) and Arugula (Eruca sativa) was studied in comparison to carrot (Daucus carota), using bacterial mutagenic system composed of three bacterial isolates; (Bacillus spp)G3
(Arthrobacter spp)G12, and (Brevibacterium spp)G27 ,.
Treatment of isolates with plant extracts led to reduction in survival fraction (Sx)at different levels except that Aurgula extract did not show any inhibitory effect in isolates G12 and G27.
Crucifers extracts induced streptomycin resistant mutants in G12 at higher level than G3 , but not in G27. No resistance to rifimpacin was detected in all isolates.
Effect of sulphur on soil pH, growth and productivity of rape seed plant
Authors: Al-Khafage Ali. M .A. , Al-shamma Laith Mohammed Jawad
Published: March 2024

A field trial was conducted in Experimental Station of The Field Crops Department – College Of Agriculture In Abu Ghraib, University of Baghdad to assess the effect of sulphur applications and the time after application on pH and EC of soil sample solutions ,and on the growth and yield of rape seed (Brassica napus L.)A split plot design was used with four replications , The main plot included four sulphur applications levels (0,2000,3000,4000Kg S/ha) the sub plot were the time after application (0,1,2,and 3 moths) .Sulphur application significantly decreased soil pH value ,although that decrease reached minimum parameter after two months from application date .Rather increment of sulphur application level significantly raised soil EC value, So that value decreased continuously with time after the application .Sulphur application level affected significantly increased plant height/cm and decreased seed oil content percent but not affected in seed yield /plant.
Effect of Low Level Acute of Aflatoxin on Performance in Faw- Bro Broiler
Authors: Al-Hillali A. H. K. , Hussien A. , Irhaim. I K.
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted in the Poultry farm of the animal during the Production department, Iraqi during the (Ministry of Science and Technology) period from 3-9-2001 to 8-4-2002. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of low – level chronic aflatoxicosis on performance (body weight, feed conversion efficiency and mortality), Serum biochemistry and activity of some enzymes (GOT,GPT, ALKP, LDH).
A total of 300 male chicks of broiler breeder (Faw–Bro) were used. Chicks at day 1 of age were fed diets contaminated with aflatoxine at levels of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 the feeding period were extended to 8 weeks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the completely randomized design. The results showed the presence of a number of fungi especially the type of Aspergillus flavus genus that reaches 40%. All aflatoxine dose levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased live weight, it was also noticed that there were higher significant decrease in feed conversion when aflatoxine level was elevated in the feed. Increasing mortality with each increasing in aflatoxine level, the low level of chronic aflatoxine in the diets caused increased in the relative weight of internal organs (Liver, Pancreases, spleen, heart, gizzard, fibresia gland) as a results of aflatoxine presence in the diet, the low level of chronic aflatoxicosis for long time decreased in packed cell volume percentage, heamoglbulin concentration and red blood cell cont., with increase in white blood cells and (neutrophil, Hetrophil, Lymphocyte). The aflatoxine increased the serum concentration of protein, albumin, Cholesterol, Phosphor the activity of LDH, GOT, GPT, AIKP.
Study the effect by CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cd) thin film doping by Ni
Authors: Yassen Hanaa M.
Published: March 2024

In this research study the effect of irradiation by (CW) CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cds) doping by Ni thin films of (1)µm thickness has been prepared by heat evaporation method. (X-Ray) diffraction technique showed the prepared films before and after irradiation are ploy crystalline hexagonal structure, optical properties were include recording of absorbance spectra for prepared films in the range of (400-1000) nm wave lengths, the absorption coefficient and the energy gap were calculated before and after irradiation, finally the irradiation affected (CdS) thin films by changing its color from the Transparent yellow to dark rough yellow and decrease the value absorption coefficient also increase the value of energy gap.
Hybrid Cipher System using Neural Network
Authors: Hasan Mokhtar Mohammed , Ibraheem Noor Adnan
Published: March 2024

The objective of this work is to design and implement a cryptography system that enables the sender to send message through any channel (even if this channel is insecure) and the receiver to decrypt the received message without allowing any intruder to break the system and extracting the secret information.
In this work, we implement an interaction between the feedforward neural network and the stream cipher, so the secret message will be encrypted by unsupervised neural network method in addition to the first encryption process which is performed by the stream cipher method.
The security of any cipher system depends on the security of the related keys (that are used by the encryption and the decryption processes) and their corresponding lengths.
In our work, there are two types of keys; the first type is the keystream that is adopted by the stream cipher stage with optimal length (length of the keystream greater or equal the message length); and the second key type is the final weights that are obtained from the learning process within the neural network stage, So we can represent our work as an update or development for using the neural network to enhance the security of stream cipher.
As a result for a powerful hybrid design, the resulted cipher system provides a high degree of security which satisfies the data confidentially which is the main goal of the most cryptography systems.
Study of properties of electrical conductivity of Tin dioxide thin films treated with Xenon impulse radiation used as Gas sensors
Authors: Jadw Moner H. , S. Akatarena , I Stanoslav
Published: March 2024

During of Experimental result of this work , we found that the change of electrical conductivity proprieties of tin dioxide with the change of gas concentration at temperatures 260oC and 360oC after treatment by photons rays have similar character after treatment isothermally. We found that intensive short duration impulse annealing during the fractions of a second leads to crystallization of the films and to the high values of its gas sensitivity.
Titania Effect on Sintering behavior of Alumina
Authors: Saleh Qasid Abdul Sattar
Published: March 2024

The sintering behavior of Alumina was investigated by adding TiO2. The addition of TiO2 lowered the sintering temperature of the Alumina compared with those of pure Alumina. The result suggests that TiO2 acts as an activator for sintering of Alumina. Water absorption, apparent porosity and density were examined for both pure and TiO2 added to Alumina samples. The variations of sintering behavior were discussed in terms of shrinkage, porosity, water absorption and density. Thermal shock resistance was also examined. In term of this work, the way of improving the thermal shock resistance in oxide- based materials by adding reactive Titania powder to the Alumina samples. The laboratory results showed an improvement in thermal shock resistance property of the products which open the horizon of development of the final products.
The Effect of Thickness on Some Optical Properties of Sb2S3 Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Chiad Sami Salman , Hasan Saba J.
Published: March 2024

Sb2S3 thin films have been prepared by chemical bath deposition on a glas sub Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (30-900) nm.
The effects of thickness on absorption coefficient, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were estimated. It was found that the reflectivity, absorption coefficient , extinction coefficient, real part of dielectric constant and refractive index, all these parameters decrease as the thickness increased, while the imaginary part of the dielectric constant increase as the thickness increased.
Evaluation for the Effect of Heat Stable Enterotoxin (a) Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Different Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Al-Taee Maha F. , Al-Shaibany Abdul Wahed B. , Al-Hadeithy Mohamed R.
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on the proliferation of primary cancer cell cultures, obtained from tumor samples that were collected from (13) cancer patients and as follows: (five colon cancer patients, two bladder cancer patients, two breast cancer patients, two stomach cancer patients and two lung cancer patients), and on normal cell line (rat embryonic fibroblast / REF) (in vitro) with the use of different concentrations starting from (1) mg/ml and ending with (0.0002) mg/ml by making two fold serial dilutions by using the 96- well microtiter plate, and in comparison with negative (PBS) and positive (MMC, at concentration of 10 µg/ml) controls . Results showed that, after (24) hours of exposure to STa, the growth of all primary cancer cell cultures obtained from colon cancer patients was inhibited by STa treatment and this inhibition was concentration dependent. Also it was shown that the cytotoxic effect of the high concentration of STa was close to that seen after MMC treatment. While no differences were seen in the growth of all primary cancer cell cultures that were obtained from the other cancer patients, which mean that STa treatment neither inhibit nor enhanced their growth. At the same time STa did not show or has any cytotoxic effect on the normal cell line (REF).
The Effect of Fluorine and Hydrogen Concentrations on the Chain Reaction of HF Chemical Laser
Authors: Hadi Rafah A. , George Loay E. , Lateef Kamal H.
Published: March 2024

A numerical investigation has been performed to examine the effect of fluorine concentration on the chain reaction mechanisms and parameters of hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical laser. The practical difficulties associated with this type of lasers impose that an alternative route might be quite useful. Thus, particular attention was paid to develop a computer program to investigate various processes. The results of this computer simulation program proved their credibility when compared with the little published data. This computer program is called Reaction Rate Simulation Model (RRSM). An entirely new approach to emulate the reaction mechanisms has been followed. The effectiveness of reaction rates in the processes of HF laser production has been investigated. This simulation program dealt with the percentages of the forward and reverse reactions, when a large number of reactions have been considered. In addition a large number of species have been taken into account in these reactions. From the computer program (RRSM), some valuable results could be predicted with regard to the hydrogen fluoride chemical laser.