bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem Based Learning in Rajshahi Medical College
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Rashid M Mamun Ur , Hossain SM Akram , Rahman M Fazlur
Published: September 2009

doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3203 TAJ 2005; 18(1)
Oral Ondansetron in the Prevention of Per and Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Rahman ML , Rahman MM , Yusuf N , Ahsan A , Kamal AHM
Published: September 2009

A randomized single blind study was done in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital to demonstrate the role of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in alleviating per and post operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing caeserian section (CS) under subarachnoid block (SAB). For the purpose, the incidence of per and post operative nausea and vomiting were compared between matched case (n=119) and control (n=121) groups undergoing CS under SAB. Cases received 16 mg ondansetron orally one hour prior to surgery. Anti emetic prophylaxis with single dose ondansetron resulted in significant reduction of per operative and immediate post operative (2 hours) nausea and vomiting. However, at sixth post operative hour difference in nausea and vomiting between case and control groups became less significant (<0.05). Incidence of nausea and vomiting during 1st post operative hour in ondansetron group was 4.2% and 0.84% respectively in comparison to 41.3% and 19.8% in control group. During 2nd post operative hour no incidence of nausea and/or vomiting were observed among subjects receiving ondansetron whereas in control group 29.2% and 5% subjects suffered from nausea and vomiting, respectively. Overall, ondansetron 16 mg is well tolerated and easy to use. Results of the present study revealed that ondansetron can be effectively used in preventing per operative and immediate post operative nausea and vomiting.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3294TAJ 2005; 18(1): 1-4
Carcinoma of Left Breast with Secondary Metastatic Cord Compression- A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Md L , Ali ASM Shawkat , Alam MI
Published: September 2009

A 45-year-old female presented with weakness of lower extremities with history of simple mastectomy one year back. On myelographic examination showed complete block at mid thoracic level which is extra-dural in nature. On operation extra-dural large mass compressing the spinal cord at T5 level was detected.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3306 TAJ 2005; 18(1): 51-52
Malrotated Gut Mimcking Gastric Out Let Obstruction in an Adolescent- A Case Report
Authors: Siddique MAB , Hannan ABMA , Haque MM , Alam I
Published: September 2009

Most of the patients with mal-rotated gut present in neonate and infancy either with acute strangulating obstruction or with recurrent episodes of sub-acute obstruction. Here an adolescent male patient of 17 years with mal-rotated gut presented with upper abdominal pain, vomiting after meal and loss of weight mimicking gastric out let obstruction. Because of rarity of the condition at this age, we are inspired to report this case.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3307 TAJ 2005; 18(1): 53-54
Transvenous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale: Preliminary Results with a New Self-Expanding Nitinol Wire Mesh in a Swine Model
Authors: Krizanic F. , Sigler M. , Figulla H. R.
Published: September 2009

Objectives. The transvascular closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with self-expanding devices carries the risk of left atrial thrombus formation related to material protruding into the left atrium. Thus, we developed a novel device with flat left atrial disc geometry. We evaluated feasibility, handling, and biocompatibility in a porcine animal model.Methods. Implantation of an Occlutech Figulla PFO device was performed in 10 mini pigs using fluoroscopy and intra-cardiac ultrasound after transseptal puncture of the interatrial septum. Angiographic follow-up was performed after six and twelve weeks.Results. Implantation was successful in 100%. There were no further implant related complications. One procedure related death occurred, as one animal died of ventricular tachycardia due to mispunture of the interatrial septum. Angiographic studies showed no residual shunt during follow-up. Histopathological evaluation could demonstrate partial neoendothelialization after 6 weeks with completion after 12 weeks. The devices were incorporated into connective tissue containing fibro muscular cells. An only mild inflammatory reaction was detected locally related to the polyester fibers.Conclusion. In terms of feasibility and handling, the new device does not seem to be inferior to other presently used implantation systems. Good biocompatibility was demonstrated with rapid and complete neoendothelialization.
Job demands and job resources in the ministry
Authors: Buys Chenell , Rothmann Sebastiaan
Published: September 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate ministers’  job demands and  job resources using a qualitative design (n = 9). Fifteen themes emerged from the interviews. A cross-sectional survey design was used to study ministers’ experiences of job demands and job resources (N = 115). A principal factor analysis with a varimax rotation resulted in eight reliable factors. These factors included as job demands: pace and amount of work and emotional demands; and as job resources: growth opportunities,  instrumental support, congregational support, autonomy, social support and job significance.
Applying the nominal group technique in an employment relations conflict situation: A case study of a university maintenance section in South Africa
Authors: Van der Waal Cornelis S. , Uys Josephine M.
Published: September 2009

After a breakdown in employment relations in the maintenance section of a higher education institution, the authors were asked to intervene in order to try and solve the employment relations conflict situation. It was decided to employ the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) as a tool in problem identification during conflict in the workplace. An initial investigation of documentation and interviews with prominent individuals in the organisation was carried out. The NGT was then used in four focus group discussions to determine the important issues as seen by staff members. The NGT facilitates the determination of shared perceptions and the ranking of ideas. The NGT was used in diverse groups, necessitating adaptations to the technique. The perceived causes of the conflict were established. The NGT can be used in a conflict situation in the workplace in order to establish the perceived causes of employment relations conflict.
The E-Government and the New Challenges of the European Single Market
Authors: Pinto Nuno Gama de Oliveira
Published: September 2009

Motivating enterprises by provision of e-government services in Europe acts as a powerful incentive for enterprises, in particular for small and medium sized enterprises, to adopt electronic ways of working in their dealings with public administration. A leading example is e-procurement, which facilitates the integration of public administration requirements into the work processes of enterprises and so contributes to building of the European business environment that encourages and supports entrepreneurs and competitiveness. New needs arise for e-government services in support of this type of cross-border users. The introduction of electronic invoicing systems in public administrations would generate savings both for the public bodies as well as the suppliers interacting with it. These activities covered by the IDABC work programme since 2005 produce guidelines for the implementation of e-procurement systems. The objective is to contribute to the use of electronic invoices in the public sector according to the i2010 e-government action plan and the e-procurement action plan.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Amyloid Plaques and Paired Helical Filaments
Authors: Rostagno Agueda , Ghiso Jorge
Published: September 2009

Extracellular deposits of amyloid fibrils in the form of parenchymal plaques and cerebrovascular lesions, as well as intracellular accumulation of paired‐helical filaments in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in selected neuronal populations are the main neuropathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid fibrils composed of polymeric structures of the amyloid‐β (Aβ) concentrate at the center of senile plaques and accumulate in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, exhibiting extensive Congo red/thioflavin S staining. Intraneuronal NFT are composed of building blocks of aberrantly hyperphosphorylated species of the microtubule‐associated protein tau, which accumulate in the perinuclear cytoplasm of vulnerable neurons in the form of paired helical filaments (PHF). This unit presents a variety of protocols for the isolation, biochemical analysis, and characterization of amyloid fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 44:3.33.1‐3.33.33. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wind Turbines
Authors: Kirikera Goutham R. , Sundaresan Mannur , Nkrumah Francis , Grandhi Gangadhararao , Ali Bashir , Mullapudi Sai L. , Shanov Vesselin , Schulz Mark
Published: September 2009

Structural health monitoring of wind turbines is necessitated by the difficulty in manually inspecting a wind turbine to assess safety and consequences of damage. Damage to a blade could dynamically unbalance the turbine, which could destroy the entire machine. Besides the huge financial loss if a turbine fails, safety is a concern for anything near the turbine. Loads on turbines are stochastic and include wind, ice, hail, gravity, tower shadowing, and gyroscopic forces. The complex loading makes it difficult to predict the exact life of the turbine. Also, since the turbines are so large, they are difficult to inspect for imperfections that occur during remote manufacturing and for damage that occurs during operation. Sensor systems for health monitoring of wind turbines must monitor large components including composite blades that can be 150‐ft long, the nacelle, which contains shafts and bearings that are on the scale of ‘shafts and bearings whose diameter is a few feet’ in diameter, a brake, generator, and the tower. The composite blades are particularly challenging to monitor for damage owing to their complex geometry and heterogeneous construction made of different materials such as fiberglass, graphite, and balsa wood. Blades may fail by overstress and fatigue and also by buckling of the cross section near the root of the blade. The sensor system on the blade must operate in a rotating frame and be extremely reliable, ideally lasting for 30 plus years. All these requirements together paint a picture of the unique challenges of health monitoring of wind turbines. This article discusses existing and potential new techniques for health monitoring of wind turbines, and especially blades.
Copolymers of Cyclopentadithiophene and Electron‐Deficient Aromatic Units Designed for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Bijleveld Johan C. , Shahid Munazza , Gilot Jan , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: September 2009

Alternating copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and five different electron‐deficient aromatic units with reduced optical band gaps are synthesized via Suzuki coupling. All polymers show a significant photovoltaic response when mixed with a fullerene acceptor. The frontier orbital levels of the new polymers are designed to minimize energy losses by increasing the open‐circuit voltage with respect to the optical band gap, while maintaining a high coverage of the absorption with the solar spectrum. The best cells are obtained for a copolymer of CPDT and benzooxadiazole (BO) with a band gap of 1.47 eV. This cell gives a short‐circuit current of 5.4 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.78 V, and a fill factor of 0.6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of about 2.5%.
Insulator Polarization Mechanisms in Polyelectrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Larsson Oscar , Said Elias , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier
Published: September 2009

Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) hold promise for robust printed electronics operating at low voltages. The polarization mechanism of thin solid electrolyte films, the gate insulator in such OFETs, is still unclear and appears to limit the transient current characteristics of the transistors. Here, the polarization response of a thin proton membrane, a poly(styrenesulfonic acid) film, is controlled by varying the relative humidity. The formation of the conducting transistor channel follows the polarization of the polyelectrolyte, such that the drain transient current characteristics versus the time are rationalized by three different polarization mechanisms: the dipolar relaxation at high frequencies, the ionic relaxation (migration) at intermediate frequencies, and the electric double‐layer formation at the polyelectrolyte interfaces at low frequencies. The electric double layers of polyelectrolyte capacitors are formed in ∼1 µs at humid conditions and an effective capacitance per area of 10 µF cm−2 is obtained at 1 MHz, thus suggesting that this class of OFETs might operate at up to 1 MHz at 1 V.
Copper‐Free Clickable Coatings
Authors: Canalle Luiz A. , van Berkel Sander S. , de Haan Laurens T. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: September 2009

The copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) is extensively used for the functionalization of well‐defined polymeric materials. However, the necessity for copper, which is inherently toxic, limits the potential applications of these materials in the area of biology and biomedicine. Therefore, the first entirely copper‐free procedure for the synthesis of clickable coatings for the immobilization of functional molecules is reported. In the first step, azide‐functional coatings are prepared by thermal crosslinking of side‐chain azide‐functional polymers and dialkyne linkers. In a second step, three copper‐free click reactions (i.e., the Staudinger ligation, the dibenzocyclooctyne‐based strain‐promoted azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition, and the methyl‐oxanorbornadiene‐based tandem cycloaddition−retro‐Diels−Alder (crDA) reaction) are used to functionalize the azide‐containing surfaces with fluorescent probes, allowing qualitative comparison with the traditional CuAAC.
Chimpanzees prey on army ants with specialized tool set
Authors: Sanz Crickette M. , Schöning Caspar , Morgan David B.
Published: September 2009

Several populations of chimpanzees have been reported to prey upon Dorylus army ants. The most common tool‐using technique to gather these ants is with “dipping” probes, which vary in length with regard to aggressiveness and lifestyle of the prey species. We report the use of a tool set in army ant predation by chimpanzees in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo. We recovered 1,060 tools used in this context and collected 25 video recordings of chimpanzee tool‐using behavior at ant nests. Two different types of tools were distinguished based on their form and function. The chimpanzees use a woody sapling to perforate the ant nest, and then a herb stem as a dipping tool to harvest the ants. All of the species of ants preyed upon in Goualougo are present and consumed by chimpanzees at other sites, but there are no other reports of such a regular or widespread use of more than one type of tool to prey upon Dorylus ants. Furthermore, this tool set differs from other types of tool combinations used by chimpanzees at this site for preying upon termites or gathering honey. Therefore, we conclude that these chimpanzees have developed a specialized method for preying upon army ants, which involves the use of an additional tool for opening nests. Further research is needed to determine which specific ecological and social factors may have shaped the emergence and maintenance of this technology. Am. J. Primatol. 72:17–24, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technology survey indicates big case management problems from arbitration E‐discovery are spreading, growing more expensive
Authors: Rothman Deborah , Brewer Thomas J.
Published: September 2009

Handling discovery requests for electronic records has troubled judges, and is hitting arbitration processes hard. Deborah Rothman, of Los Angeles, and Thomas J. Brewer, of Seattle, surveyed members of a professional arbitrators' group to get a handle on how tribunals are dealing with the pervasive issues. In a concluding Part II next month, the authors predict E‐discovery practices.
Aiding ADR: New CPR member options for individual and organizational participation
Authors: Bleemer Russ , Gange Andrew , Kromnick Hilary
Published: September 2009

New CPR Institute Individual Memberships; an account of a summer Diversity Task Force event in Philadelphia; training live and online; podcasts, and more.
Sonia on settling: The new justice emphasizes agreement
Authors: Bleemer Russ , Gange Andrew
Published: September 2009

CPR intern Andrew Gange expands on his summer reporting at www.cpradr.org about how new U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor views early settlement practices. Also, the latest on the Arbitration Fairness Act of 2009: What's in and what's out?
One‐Dimensional Polymers Based on Silver(I) Cations and Organometalliccyclo‐P3Ligand Complexes
Authors: Gregoriades Laurence J. , Wegley Brian K. , Sierka Marek , Brunner Eike , Gröger Christian , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Zabel Manfred , Scheer Manfred
Published: September 2009

The synthesis and characterization of the first supramolecular aggregates incorporating the organometalliccyclo‐P3ligand complexes [CpRMo(CO)2(η3‐P3)] (CpR=Cp (C5H5;1a), Cp* (C5(CH3)5;1b)) as linking units is described. The reaction of the Cp derivative1awith AgX (X=CF3SO3, Al{OC(CF3)3}4) yields the one‐dimensional (1D) coordination polymers [Ag{CpMo(CO)2(μ,η3:η1:η1‐P3)}2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n(2) and [Ag{CpMo(CO)2(μ,η3:η1:η1‐P3)}3]n[X]n(X=CF3SO3(3a), Al{OC(CF3)3}4(3b)). The solid‐state structures of these polymers were revealed by X‐ray crystallography and shown to comprise polycationic chains well‐separated from the weakly coordinating anions. If AgCF3SO3is used, polymer3ais obtained regardless of reactant stoichiometry whereas in the case of Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4], reactant stoichiometry plays a decisive role in determining the structure and composition of the resulting product. Moreover, polymers3a, bare the first examples of homoleptic silver complexes in which AgIcenters are found octahedrally coordinated to six phosphorus atoms. The Cp* derivative1breacts with Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] to yield the 1D polymer [Ag{Cp*Mo(CO)2(μ,η3:η2:η1‐P3)}2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n(4), the crystal structure of which differs from that of polymer2in the coordination mode of thecyclo‐P3ligands: in2, the Ag+cations are bridged by thecyclo‐P3ligands in a η1:η1(edge bridging) fashion whereas in4, they are bridged exclusively in a η2:η1mode (face bridging). Thus, one third of the phosphorus atoms in2are not coordinated to silver while in4, all phosphorus atoms are engaged in coordination with silver. Comprehensive spectroscopic and analytical measurements revealed that the polymers2,3a, b, and4depolymerize extensively upon dissolution and display dynamic behavior in solution, as evidenced in particular by variable temperature31P NMR spectroscopy. Solid‐state31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR measurements, performed on the polymers2,3b, and4, demonstrated that the polymers2and3balso display dynamic behavior in the solid state at room temperature. The X‐ray crystallographic characterisation of1bis also reported.
Energy, feed and land‐use balances of refining winter wheat to ethanol
Authors: Bentsen Niclas S. , Thorsen Bo J. , Felby Claus
Published: September 2009

Five conversion routes in winter wheat to first‐ and second‐generation ethanol production systems under north European conditions are analyzed subject to energy efficiency, feed energy production, feed protein production and land use. The impact of integrating a bioethanol plant with combined heat and power generation, taking advantage of excess heat available, is analyzed for the same five scenarios. They are based on empirical data from large‐scale processing of starch and lignocellulose to ethanol. We show that integrating technologies can improve the system energy efficiency by more than 30 percentage points. A technology‐integrated wheat‐to‐ethanol system may exhibit energy efficiencies almost comparable to those seen for conversion of petroleum into gasoline. We also show that it is possible to utilize crops for energy purposes without substantially changing the global appropriation of land for agriculture. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Electromagnetic and thermal evaluation of an applicator specialized to permit high‐resolution non‐perturbing optical evaluation of cells being irradiated in the W‐band
Authors: Pickard William F. , Moros Eduardo G. , Shafirstein Gal
Published: September 2009

To permit epi‐illuminated, high‐resolution optical microscopy of cells in monolayer culture during unperturbed W‐band (75–110 GHz) irradiation, a new class of applicator has been developed based upon WR10 rectangular waveguide components: the cells are normally plated onto the underside of a coverslip which is then placed against the under side of a waveguide flange and receives a roughly circular exposure pattern, with the ±1 dB central spot roughly 1 mm in diameter. Constructed and tested with 94 GHz millimeter waves, water‐immersion optics, and free‐convection cooling, the applicator works robustly and permits SARs at the cell layer as high as 4500 W/kg before the steady‐state temperature rise at the cell layer exceeds 0.5 K. Bioelectromagnetics 31:140–149, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of ATP and autoinducer‐2 in aerobic granulation
Authors: Xiong Yanghui , Liu Yu
Published: September 2009

Aerobic granulation represents an important bacterium‐to‐bacterium self‐immobilization process that has been exploited for the treatment of a wide spectrum of wastewaters, but the mechanism behind still remains unclear in a microbiological sense. This study investigated the possible involvement of ATP and autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) in aerobic granulation. Results revealed that initiation of microbial aggregation is closely associated with the ATP content of biomass, whereas AI‐2 of biomass would be essential for maturation of aerobic granules. Furthermore, it was found that the AI‐2‐associated coordination of microorganisms in microbial aggregates would be biomass density dependent. This study clearly shows the involvement of ATP and autoinducer‐2 in aerobic granulation, and may be exploited further for enhancement or prevention of microbial aggregation in general, for example, rapid granulation for wastewater treatment or inhibition of biofouling in membrane bioreactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 51–58. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering of a high‐throughput screening system to identify cellulosic biomass, pretreatments, and enzyme formulations that enhance sugar release
Authors: Studer Michael H. , DeMartini Jaclyn D. , Brethauer Simone , McKenzie Heather L. , Wyman Charles E.
Published: September 2009

The recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass, the only abundant, sustainable feedstock for making liquid fuels, is a primary obstacle to low cost biological processing, and development of more easily converted plants and more effective enzymes would be of great benefit. Because no single parameter describes recalcitrance, superior variants can only be identified by measuring sugar release from plants subjected to pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. However, genetic modifications of plants coupled with molecular engineering of deconstruction proteins and definition of pretreatment conditions create a very large sample set, and previous methods for biomass pretreatment at elevated temperatures and pressures prevented use of a fully integrated high‐throughput (HTP) screening pipeline. Herein, we report on the engineering of a novel HTP pretreatment system employing a 96 well‐plate format that withstands extreme pretreatment conditions for rapid screening of biomass–enzyme‐pretreatment combinations. This includes the development of new approaches to steam heating and water quenching the system that result in much faster heat up and cool down than previously possible and show consistent temperature histories across the multiwell plate. Coupled pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis performance of the well plate pretreatment system is shown to be consistent among the many wells in the device and also with performance of conventional tubular reactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 231–238. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process analytical technology (PAT) for biopharmaceutical products: Part I. concepts and applications
Authors: Read E.K. , Park J.T. , Shah R.B. , Riley B.S. , Brorson K.A. , Rathore A.S.
Published: September 2009

Process analytical technology (PAT) has been gaining momentum in the biotech community due to the potential for continuous real‐time quality assurance resulting in improved operational control and compliance. In this two part series, we address PAT as it applies to processes that produce biotech therapeutic products. In the first part, we address evolution of the underlying concepts and applications in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. We also present a literature review of applications in the areas of upstream and downstream processing to illustrate how implementation of PAT can help realize advanced approaches to ensuring product quality in real time. In the second part, we will explore similar applications in the areas of drug product manufacturing, rapid microbiology, and chemometrics as well as evolution of PAT in biotech processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 276–284. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process analytical technology (PAT) for biopharmaceutical products: Part II. Concepts and applications
Authors: Read E.K. , Shah R.B. , Riley B.S. , Park J.T. , Brorson K.A. , Rathore A.S.
Published: September 2009

Implementing real‐time product quality control meets one or both of the key goals outlined in FDA's PAT guidance: “variability is managed by the process” and “product quality attributes can be accurately and reliably predicted over the design space established for materials used, process parameters, manufacturing, environmental, and other conditions.” The first part of the paper presented an overview of PAT concepts and applications in the areas of upstream and downstream processing. In this second part, we present principles and case studies to illustrate implementation of PAT for drug product manufacturing, rapid microbiology, and chemometrics. We further present our thoughts on how PAT will be applied to biotech processes going forward. The role of PAT as an enabling component of the Quality by Design framework is highlighted. Integration of PAT with the principles stated in the ICH Q8, Q9, and Q10 guidance documents is also discussed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 285–295. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of an Ibuprofen‐releasing biodegradable PLA/PGA electrospun scaffold for tissue regeneration
Authors: Cantón Irene , Mckean Robert , Charnley Mirren , Blackwood Keith A. , Fiorica Calogero , Ryan Anthony J. , MacNeil Sheila
Published: September 2009

Our aim was to develop a biodegradable fibrous dressing to act as a tissue guide for in situ wound repair while releasing Ibuprofen to reduce inflammation in wounds and reduce pain for patients on dressing changes. Dissolving the acid form of Ibuprofen (from 1% to 10% by weight) in the same solvent as 75% polylactide, 25% polyglycolide (PLGA) polymers gave uniformly loaded electrospun fibers which gave rapid release of drug within the first 8 h and then slower release over several days. Scaffolds with 10% Ibuprofen degraded within 6 days. The Ibuprofen released from these scaffolds significantly reduced the response of fibroblasts to major pro‐inflammatory stimulators. Fibroblast attachment and proliferation on scaffolds was unaffected by the addition of 1–5% Ibuprofen. Scaffolds loaded with 10% Ibuprofen initially showed reduced cell attachment but this was restored by soaking scaffolds in media for 24 h. In summary, addition of Ibuprofen to electrospun biodegradable scaffolds can give acute protection of adjacent cells to inflammation while the scaffolds provide an open 3D fibrous network to which cells can attach and migrate. By 6 days, such scaffolds will have completely dissolved into the wound bed obviating any need for dressing removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 396–408. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of the organic solvent‐stability of the LST‐03 lipase by directed evolution
Authors: Kawata Takuya , Ogino Hiroyasu
Published: September 2009

LST‐03 lipase from an organic solvent‐tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa LST‐03 has high stability and activity in the presence of various organic solvents. In this research, enhancement of organic solvent‐stability of LST‐03 lipase was attempted by directed evolution. The structural gene of the LST‐03 lipase was amplified by the error prone‐PCR method. Organic solvent‐stability of the mutated lipases was assayed by formation of a clear zone of agar which contained dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tri‐n‐butyrin and which overlaid a plate medium. And the organic solvent‐stability was also confirmed by measuring the half‐life of activity in the presence of DMSO. Four mutated enzymes were selected on the basis of their high organic solvent‐stability in the presence of DMSO. The organic solvent‐stabilities of mutated LST‐03 lipase in the presence of various organic solvents were measured and their mutated amino acid residues were identified. The half‐lives of the LST‐03‐R65 lipase in the presence of cyclohexane and n‐decane were about 9 to 11‐fold longer than those of the wild‐type lipase, respectively. Some substituted amino acid residues of mutated LST‐03 lipases have been located at the surface of the enzyme molecules, while some other amino acid residues have been changed from neutral to basic residues. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Quantitative determination of glucose transfer between cocurrent laminar water streams in a H‐shaped microchannel
Authors: van Leeuwen Michiel , Li Xiaonan , Krommenhoek Erik E. , Gardeniers Han , Ottens Marcel , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , Heijnen Joseph J. , van Gulik Walter M.
Published: September 2009

To explore the applicability of a laminar fluid diffusion interface (LFDI) for the controlled feeding of microbioreactors, glucose diffusion experiments were carried out in a rounded H‐shaped microstructure etched in a glass substrate. The diffusion channel of the microstructure had a length of 4 mm and a depth of 50 μm with a trapezoidal cross section with a width of 100 μm at the bottom and 200 μm at the surface of the channel. The microchannel was operated at residence times of less than 1 s ensuring high‐mass‐transfer rates. It was confirmed, both by microscopic observations as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies that the flow characteristics in the microchannel were fully laminar. Special attention was paid to flow splitting at the end of the channel, because the CFD simulations indicated that the performance of the device was sensitive to unequal flow splitting. The difference in outflow volume of the two streams was measured to be small (1.25% ± 0.6%). The measured glucose concentration in both exit ports at a fixed residence time was found to be stable in time and reproducible in multiple experiments. CFD simulation was shown to be a powerful tool for estimating the mass transfer in the LFDI, even at very short residence times. The results obtained in this work show the applicability of LFDI for the controlled diffusive supply of a solute to a water stream, with as possible application substrate and/or precursor feeding to microreactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Investigating microbial fuel cell bioanode performance under different cathode conditions
Authors: Borole Abhijeet P. , Hamilton Choo Y. , Aaron Douglas S. , Tsouris Costas
Published: September 2009

A compact, three‐in‐one, flow‐through, porous, electrode design with minimal electrode spacing and minimal dead volume was implemented to develop a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with improved anode performance. A biofilm‐dominated anode consortium enriched under a multimode, continuous‐flow regime was used. The increase in the power density of the MFC was investigated by changing the cathode (type, as well as catholyte strength) to determine whether anode was limiting. The power density obtained with an air‐breathing cathode was 56 W/m3 of net anode volume (590 mW/m2) and 203 W/m3 (2160 mW/m2) with a 50‐mM ferricyanide‐based cathode. Increasing the ferricyanide concentration and ionic strength further increased the power density, reaching 304 W/m3 (3220 mW/m2, with 200 mM ferricyanide and 200 mM buffer concentration). The increasing trend in the power density indicated that the anode was not limiting and that higher power densities could be obtained using cathodes capable of higher rates of oxidation. The internal solution resistance for the MFC was 5–6 Ω, which supported the improved performance of the anode design. A new parameter defined as the ratio of projected surface area to total anode volume is suggested as a design parameter to relate volumetric and area‐based power densities and to enable comparison of various MFC configurations. Published 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Application of a Supramolecular‐Ligand Library for the Automated Search for Catalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Industrially Relevant Substrates
Authors: Meeuwissen Jurjen , Kuil Mark , van der Burg Alida M. , Sandee Albertus J. , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: September 2009

A procedure is described for the automated screening and lead optimization of a supramolecular‐ligand library for the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of five challenging substrates relevant to industry. Each catalyst is (self‐) assembled from two urea‐functionalized ligands and a transition‐metal center through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The modular ligand structure consists of three distinctive fragments: the urea binding motif, the spacer, and the ligand backbone, which carries the phosphorus donor atom. The building blocks for the ligand synthesis are widely available on a commercial basis, thus enabling access to a large number of ligands of high structural diversity. The simple synthetic steps enabled the scale‐up of the ligand synthesis to multigram quantities. For the catalyst screening, a library of twelve new chiral ligands was prepared that comprised substantial variation in electronic and steric properties. The automated procedures employed ensured the fast catalyst assembly, screening, and direct acquisition of samples for analysis. It appeared that the most selective catalyst was different for every substrate investigated and that small variations in the building blocks had a major impact on the catalyst performance. For two substrates, a catalyst was found that provided the product with outstanding enantioselectivity. The subsequent automated optimization of these two leads showed that an increase of catalyst loading, dihydrogen pressure, and temperature had a positive effect on the catalyst activity without affecting the catalyst selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of the Weak SS Bonds in the OSSSO and O2SSSO2 Molecules
Authors: Chestnut D. B. , Bartolotti L. J. , Harcourt R. D.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Well‐Crystallized Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide Nitrates from Homogeneous Precipitation.
Authors: Geng Fengxia , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Ma Renzhi , Xin Hao , Tanaka Masahiko , Iyi Nobuo , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AsUF3 Molecule with a Weak Triple Bond to Uranium.
Authors: Andrews Lester , Wang Xuefeng , Roos Bjoern O.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molten‐Salt Synthesis and Characterization of Bisubstituted Yttrium Garnet Nanoparticles.
Authors: Wu Y. J. , Hong R. Y. , Wang L. S. , Di G. Q. , Li H. Z. , Xu B. , Zheng Y. , Wei D. G.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Separation of the Oxide and Halide Part in the Oxohalide Fe3Te3O10Cl Due to High Lewis Acidity of the Cations.
Authors: Zhang Dong , Johnsson Mats , Berger Helmuth , Kremer Reinhard K. , Wulferding Dirk , Lemmens Peter
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Explorations of New Phases in the GaIII/InIII—CuII—Se IV—O System.
Authors: Kong Fang , Lin Qi‐Pu , Yi Fei‐Yan , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Pyrochlore Solid Solution Bi1.5Sb1.5Cu1‐xMnxO7.
Authors: Sellami Mayouf , Caignaert Vincent , Hamdad Meriem , Bakka Ahmed , Bettahar Noureddine
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Non‐nucleoside Compounds Starting from α‐Chlorocarbenium Ions and Isocyanates as Potential HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
Authors: Hamed Atef A. , Zeid Ibrahim F. , Manaa Alaa A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodination of Alcohols Using Triphenylphosphine/Iodine in Ionic Liquid under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Mostafavi Majid , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic Aromatic Compounds Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis.
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TMEDA: Efficient and Mild Catalyst for the Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Kadam Santosh T. , Lee Hanbin , Kim Sung Soo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylation of Phenolic Hydroxyl Group and Demethylation of Anisoles.
Authors: Sato Nobuhiro , Endo Hiroyuki
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Enones: An Unexpected Reactivity of Trifluoromethylated Weinreb Enamides Towards Organolithium Species.
Authors: Marrec Olivier , Borrini Julien , Billard Thierry , Langlois Bernard R.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Catalyst System for a Wacker‐Type Oxidation Using TBHP as the Terminal Oxidant: Application to Classically Challenging Substrates.
Authors: Michel Brian W. , Camelio Andrew M. , Cornell Candace N. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions in Water Catalyzed by an Insoluble MPS‐Supported 4‐Sulfonamidyl Prolinol tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl Ether.
Authors: Chuan Yongming , Chen Guihua , Peng Yungui
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: InBr3‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Nitrones with Terminal Alkynes: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Hydroxy‐propargyl Amines.
Authors: Ji Du‐Ming , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Allylation and Benzylation of Aldimines Mediated by Zinc Powder.
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Yan Tingli , Cheng Wei , Zuo Jianming , Zhao Weijie
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Affecting Orthogonality in the Deprotection of 2,4‐Diprotected Aromatic Ethers Employing Solid‐Supported Acids.
Authors: Tangdenpaisal Kassrin , Sualek Supannee , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsakdi
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Highly Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes with a Copper Catalyst.
Authors: Shimizu Hideo , Sayo Noboru , Saito Takao
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Decarboxylation of Some Benzylcarboxylic Acid Derivatives by a New Iron(III) Schiff Base Complex.
Authors: Montazerozohori Morteza , Nasr‐Esfahani Masoud , Akhlaghi Parisa
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of Arylidene Meldrum′s Acids.
Authors: Zemtsov Artem A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. , Struchkova Marina I. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Gemini Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquids and Their Catalytic Performances in the Beckmann Rearrangement.
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Xiao Linfei , Wu Hugjiltu , Chen Jing , Xia Chungu
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐ and Phosphine‐Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Polyurea‐Encapsulated Palladium(II).
Authors: Kuang Yun‐Yan , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted Thio‐ and Amino‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones as a Novel Class of Acyl‐CoA: Cholestrol Acyltransferase Inhibitors.
Authors: Choi Yongseok , et al. et al.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.