bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atlas Morphometry: A Radiologic- Anatomical Study
Authors: Jyothi S. R. , Kumar Joish Upendra , Patil Preetam , Vinay S. R.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Atlas is an atypical cervical vertebra with unique anatomy and related to many vital structures. Any surgical intervention at this level, especially transpedicular and transarticular screw placement, requires in detail assessment of the structure of the atlas. Certain measurements considered surgically important were measured on computerized tomography (CT) scans and compared with corresponding measurements on dry bones.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, including 100 CT scans of 43 females and 57 males with a mean age of 31.4 years and 40 dried atlas vertebrae available in the Department of Anatomy. Lengths and widths of superior and inferior articular facets were measured on both CT scans and dry bones and compared. Length, width, and heights of lateral masses, along with height below the posterior arch (HBPA), maximum medialization and cranialization angles were assessed on CT scans. The mean, standard deviation, and significance of differences were calculated using an independent t-test.

Results:

Mean value and standard deviation were calculated for the measured parameters. Superior and inferior facet measurements were compared between CT scan images and dry bones and no significant difference was found.

Conclusion:

Morphometric measurements of atlas on CT images are useful for planning of screw fixation surgeries, particularly to avoid injury to vital structures. Values of measurements, especially maximum medialization angle, maximum cranialization angle, and HBPA, are in agreement with other studies and are proposed to be included as part of preoperative workup.
Morphological and Morphometric Study of Greater Palatine Foramen in Dry Skulls of Eastern Indian Population
Authors: Paramita Mukhopadhyay , Das Sarbani , Sharmistha Biswas , Parijat Mukherjee , Abhijit Bhakta
Published: March 2024

Background:

Greater palatine foramen (GPF) transmits important neurovascular structures which may get injured during different operative procedures such as intraoral maxillary nerve block, cleft palate repair, and operative procedures involving maxillary sinus and maxillary molars. Hence, proper knowledge about the GPF is very essential. The aim of this study was to study the shape of GPF and its location in relation to molar tooth, measure the diameters of GPF, and measure the distances of GPF from different landmarks of palate.

Methodology:

A dry bone-based study was conducted on dry human skulls of Eastern Indian population using digital Vernier caliper. At first location of GPF in relation to maxillary molars was noted, followed by anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameter of GPF and distance of GPF from incisive fossa, posterior border of hard palate (PBHP) and interpalatine suture was measured.

Results:

In 69.64% of cases, GPF was present medial to the maxillary molar tooth and most common shape is oval type which is found in 44.64% of cases. AP diameter was almost same in both the sides which is 5.13 mm in average and transverse diameter is 2.91 mm. The mean distance of GPF from incisive fossa, PBHP, and interpalatine suture (IPS) is as follows in sequence, 37.24 mm, 3.21 mm, and 13.68 mm.

Conclusion:

The findings from the present study can be used as a guide for locating GPF during different operative procedures such as palatal reconstruction in cleft palate, maxillary surgeries, and intraoral maxillary nerve block. GPF is located about 3 mm in front of PBHP, most commonly medial to the third maxillary molar, about 15 mm lateral to IPS in the present study among Eastern Indian population.
A Practical Screening Combination for the Discrimination of Alzheimer’s Type Memory Impairment Continuum: The 5-word Test and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-visual Rating Scale
Authors: Yildirim Zerrin , Akalin-Akkas Ece , Ay Ulas , Eyigürbüz Tugba , Kale Nilüfer
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a continuum with four clinical stages: asymptomatic, subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia (ADD). Identification of the predementia stages had become particularly essential after the recent approval of three anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies. This study aimed to evaluate their contribution to the diagnosis of AD by using two practical instruments: The 5-word test (5WT) and medial temporal atrophy (MTA) scoring together.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty six ADD, 29 MCI, and 25 SCI patients matched for age, sex, and education were included. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised version, which includes the Mini-Mental Status Examination, and 5WT were applied. MTA is scored on coronal T1 magnetic resonance images, between 0 and 4 (0: Severe atrophy, 4: No atrophy). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to test the success of the MTA score, screening tests, and scores formed from various combinations of these two in classifying the groups.

Results:

MTA + 5WT had the highest area under curve (AUC) differentiating SCI versus MCI with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.83, and differentiating SCI versus ADD with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0. For differentiating MCI versus ADD, MTA + 5WT had a very good performance with an AUC of 0.93, a specificity of 0.96, and a moderate sensitivity of 0.76.

Conclusion:

Combining 5WT for memory test with MTA for atrophy rating becomes a perfect method in a clinical setting for evaluating patients with memory complaints and thus carefully selecting the candidates for advanced biological diagnosis.
Comparison of focal loss volume, global loss volume, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and corneal epithelial thickness in eyes with glaucoma and suspicious optic discs
Authors: Ibrahim Hani M. G.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to study the role of the focal loss volume (FLV), global loss volume (GLV), and other spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) parameters in early diagnosis of glaucomatous damage.

METHODS:

A retrospective study included records of 34 eyes with early glaucoma (Group A) and 17 eyes with suspicious optic discs (Group B). Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and corneal thickness parameters were assessed by the SD OCT (RTVue SD-OCT). These included the FLV, GLV, in addition to RNFL thickness, cup/disc ratio, GCC thickness, and anterior segment OCT for assessment of central corneal thickness and central corneal epithelial thickness. Data from both groups were subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

The FLV and GLV had the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in Group A eyes. FLV had higher (97.2%) specificity and was the earliest parameter to be affected by glaucomatous damage, followed by GLV. Moreover, Group A eyes had significant thinning of the RNFL (91.59 μm) compared to Group B (118.18 μm), and GCC thickness was also significantly thinner in Group A (92.07 μm) than in Group B (110.54 μm). Interestingly, Group A eyes had thinner corneal epithelium (nonsignificant) than Group B.

CONCLUSION:

FLV and GLV were of the greatest value in the assessment of early glaucomatous GCC degeneration.
Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome successfully treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% drops
Authors: Azizalrahman Lojain A. , Almousa Abdullah N. , Al Adel Fadwa , AlBloushi Abdulrahman F.
Published: March 2024

Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS) is a rare disease characterized by choroidal thickening around the optic disc. Visual acuity might be impaired secondary to the associated peripapillary intraretinal and/or subretinal fluids. We reported a case of a 70-year-old male patient who presented with a gradual bilateral decrease in vision. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Dilated fundus examination showed yellowish peripapillary lesions and intraretinal fluid (IRF) surrounding the optic disc in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed that the outer retinal layers were disrupted, and IRF affected the nasal macula. A bilateral increase in the thickness of the choroid around the optic discs was found. The patient was successfully treated with a tapering dose of topical prednisolone acetate (1%). Three months after treatment, his vision improved to 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Topical steroid drops might be administered to treat PPS.
Analysis of Unique Disability Identification Card (UDID) Associated Visual Handicap Certificates at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Dharmendra D. , Pal Soham S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To analyze blindness certificates to find causes of visual impairment, low vision, and blindness in a tertiary care hospital in northern Maharashtra.

Methods:

A retrospective study of all visually impaired patients applying for disability certification between January and June 2023 (6 months period) was performed from the medical record. The demographics, aetiologies, grades and classification of visual impairment according to the new guidelines provided in the Gazette of India published in 2018 of the study subjects were analyzed. Results were compared with data from studies on blindness certificates and population-based studies.

Results:

A total of 771 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 39.42 ± 19 years (range: 1–85 years). Most patients were in the 41–64 years age group (40.98%). Males were involved more commonly (67.70%). According to the grade and percentage of disability, grade II (30%) was most commonly seen in 35.02% of individuals followed by low vision, grade III a–III e, (40%–80%) seen in 27.37% individuals. Blindness, grade IV a–IV b (90%–100%) was seen in 33.46% individuals. Overall, the most common cause of visual impairment among one-eyed, low-vision and blind individuals was phthisis bulbi/hereditary globe condition/coloboma. Among one.eyed and minimal disability individuals, rest common causes included amblyopia, squint and contracted socket post-evisceration. In patients with low vision and blindness, other common causes included retinitis pigmentosa, optic atrophy and pathological myopia.

Conclusion:

Analysis of blindness certificates provides valuable information regarding different causes of visual disability and provides an insight into the overall trends in visual disability profile and help in rehabilitation.
Isolated Third Cranial Nerve Palsy is a Rare Presentation in a Case of Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Panigrahi Souvagya , Panigrahi Pradeep K. , Srija Yamijala N.
Published: March 2024

A 50-year-old hypertensive male presented with sudden onset drooping of the left upper eyelid of 28 days duration. Clinical examination revealed left-sided pupil involving third nerve palsy. Imaging studies detected a nonenhancing intrasellar area within the left para.midline anterior pituitary. The mass lesion was resected and the histological study was consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma complicated with pituitary apoplexy. There was a complete resolution of ptosis one month following the surgical procedure.
Visualizing the Spectrum: B-scan Ultrasonography Across Diverse Ocular Abnormalities: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Malgotra Sugandhi , Sharma Malvika , Sharma Nancy
Published: March 2024

B-scan ultrasonography (USG) is a simple, non-invasive tool for diagnosing lesions of the posterior segment of the eye. Ocular conditions that hinder fundoscopy such as cataract, lens dislocation/ subluxation, vitreous degeneration, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, ocular trauma, ocular tumours such as metastasis, choroidal melanoma can be accurately evaluated with this modality. In addition to being cost effective, it is non-invasive, easily available, produces high resolution images and its results are reproducible. An understanding of the basic anatomy of the eye, the US technique, and common pathological entities affecting the eye will allow radiologists to readily diagnose these entities and thus guide the referring ophthalmologist in choosing the treatment. This article focuses on the common ocular pathologic conditions that affect the eye particularly the posterior ocular segment and their pictorial representation in B scan ultrasonography.
Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer in Diabetic Patients as an Early Manifestation of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanan , Babu C Arvind , Chilukuri Sanjana
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in diabetic patients as an early manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Method:

This comparative study was conducted on 30 diabetic patients who were had no signs of DR, and in the control group comprising 30 healthy non-diabetic patients selected as sample size. Demographic data including their age, duration of diabetes, drugs used for treatment, hypertension and previous ocular surgery were noted. Complete ophthalmological examination was performed, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, refraction, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography for patients with non-proliferative DR and optical coherence tomography imaging using Heidelberg Spectralis.

Results:

The RNFL thicknesses in each of the quadrants were analysed and then a comparison was done in case and control groups. Also, RNFL thickness among all study participants with HbA1c levels was investigated. The mean RNFL thickness in the superior.inferior nasal and temporal quadrants were 119.2, 120.1, 80.6 and 63.2, respectively. The mean thickness was noted in each group in each of the quadrants and was found to be lesser than the control population of diabetics.

Conclusion:

The imaging of RNFL may be an important tool in assessing diabetes.related changes early and should be made part of diabetic screening.
Correlation of Central Corneal Thickness with Refractive Error, Corneal Curvature, and Axial Length: An Observational Study
Authors: Navyasree Chinthala , Satapathy Jasmita
Published: March 2024

Background:

Various demographic and ocular factors influence central corneal thickness (CCT). Studies on the relationships between these parameters have shown conflicting results. We aim to investigate the correlation of CCT with different types of refractive error, axial length (AL), and corneal curvature.

Materials and Methods:

An observational study was undertaken in the Department of Ophthalmology, recruiting patients from 18 to 40 years of age with myopia (−0.5 D to −6 D) or hypermetropia (≤ +3 D) or emmetropia (−0.25 D to +0.25 D). All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including refraction, slit lamp examination and fundoscopy, followed by CCT, corneal curvature, and AL measurement.

Result:

A total of 1224 eyes of 612 patients (260 males and 352 females) were enrolled in the study. Out of them, 31.5% (n = 386) had emmetropia, 28.6% (n = 350) had hypermetropia, and 39.9% (n = 488) had myopia. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) keratometry (K), CCT and AL were found to be 44.08 (±1.55) D, 528.46 (±29.78) μm, and 22.75 (±1.21) mm, respectively. With increasing age, CCT was found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Compared to myopia, a significantly higher CCT was noted in hypermetropia (P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between CCT and corneal curvature among the entire study population, irrespective of their refractive status (P < 0.001). This correlation was more significant among emmetropes and hypermetropes as compared to myopes. However, we found no correlation between CCT and AL in any groups.

Conclusion:

CCT is found to be thicker in hypermetropia and thinner in myopia as compared to emmetropia. With increasing age, the cornea tends to become steeper and thinner.
Microsatellite-based Parentage Assignment in Tiger Trout (Salmo trutta × Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Yılmaz Dilan , Atasaral Şebnem
Published: March 2024

Hybridization plays a crucial role in fish species, often resulting in unique traits and enhanced performance. The present study focuses on the genetic analysis of tiger trout, a sterile hybrid species resulting from the cross between brown trout, Black Sea strain (Salmo trutta), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), to gain insights into parentage identification, species differentiation, genetic diversity, and population structure. Parentage assessment analyses were performed by employing two software programs, COLONY and CERVUS. Results indicatest, varying levels of accuracy, with COLONY exhibiting better performance for hybrid specimens, and CERVUS performing well with intraspecific offspring. The results highlight challenges in differentiating hybrids from parental species based on the selected microsatellites. Our analysis revealed the presence of allele deletion in hybrids, affecting their genetic structure and clustering patterns. In conclusion, the present work contributes significantly to the field by emphasizing the critical need for the development of a more precise and comprehensive array of genetic markers; in particular İn species in which hybrids and parental species may potentally co-occur. The findings of this study offer promise for enhancing breeding programs and managing aquatic ecosystems, providing insights into the genetic complexities of hybrid species.
Slovenščina kot vez med govorci in umetno inteligenco
Authors: Meglič Katarina , Treven Matevž
Published: March 2024

Dr. Simon Krek je eden glavnih akterjev na področju digitalnega opremljanja slo­venščine in jezikovnega razvoja v okviru tehnoloških novosti. Bil je koordinator projektov Sporazumevanje v slovenskem jeziku in Razvoj slovenščine v digital­nem okolju, znotraj katerih se je nadaljevala in nadgrajevala digitalna opremlje­nost slovenščine v obliki zbirk besedil ali korpusov (prim. Gigafida), baz podat­kov (prim. Sloleks) in jezikovnih tehnologij (prim. prevajalnik, razpoznavalnik govora). Naslednji korak v njegovem delu je razvoj velikih jezikovnih modelov, ki vključuje povečanje nabora besedil za strojno obdelavo in posledično izdelavo tehnologij, ki omogočajo boljšo povezavo človeškega govora in umetne inteligen­ce. Je vodja Centra za jezikovne vire in tehnologije pod okriljem Univerze v Lju­bljani in raziskovalec na Institutu »Jožef Stefan«. Pogovarjali smo se o nekaterih dilemah ob trku jezikoslovja in sodobne tehnologije, o vplivu tehnoloških spre­memb na jezikovno kompetenco, o nadgradnji tehnologij in o problemih govorcev slovenščine, s katerimi se soočamo trenutno, pa tudi o prihodnosti slovenščine skozi prizmo digitalnega razvoja.
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Mediated by Person-Organization Fit, Organization Commitment, and Employee Engagement in the Millennial Generation in Companies Badan Usaha Milik Negara
Authors: Basuki Rahmanto , S Panggabean Mutiara , Warsindah Lucy
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of BUMN employees who are categorized as millennials about the influence of organizational culture on Employee performance, with an interesting indicator to study, namely Counter Productive Work Behaviour. As well as whether a Person's organizational fit, organizational commitment, and employee engagement mediate the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. The research method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The data collection method used is by distributing questionnaires through the Google Forms link. The questionnaire was distributed to each cluster for 4 weeks and assisted by the administration of each BUMN cluster. Respondents who filled out the link in the google form were 403 but those who entered the appropriate criteria were 366.   The data was obtained and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of research conducted on 10 BUMN clusters aimed at analyzing the effect of Organisation Culture on Employee Performance through Person Organisation Fit, Organisation Commitment, and Employee Engagement where most of the respondents were female (86%) with a Bachelor's degree (54%), and executors or low management (81%), found that: There is a positive influence of corporate culture on employee performance, person-organization fit, and employee engagement but no effect on organization commitment.There is a positive influence on person.
The Effect of Green Brand Knowledge and Environmental Concern on Green Purchase Intention Through Attitude Toward Green Brand in Tupperware
Authors: Mely Saputri Abdulah , Santi Paramita V.
Published: March 2024

The general people are well aware of the necessity of environmental protection. Many companies have formed to operate enterprises that provide ecologically friendly items. The purpose of this study is to look at how green brand awareness and environmental concern, as mediated by attitudes toward green brands, impact green purchase intentions for Tupperware goods on the Indonesian island of Java. Descriptive, multiple regression and Sobel tests were used to analyze the data. This study included 120 respondents selected using non-probability sampling procedures. Empirical findings validate the seven specified research hypotheses. Research findings show that green brandnknowledge and environmentalcconcern influence greennpurchase intention, then attitude toward green brand does not influence greennpurchase intention, and attitude towarddgreen brandddoes notmmediate the influence of green brand knowledgeeand environmental concern on green purchase intention. It is also hoped that the results of this research will be useful in helping develop strategic policies related to the environment to increase purchasing intentions.
Analysis Of E-Servqual Dimensions Influencing E-Customer Satisfaction Of My First Media Application Users
Authors: Ainani Lukman Nur , Indrawati Indrawati
Published: March 2024

The internet's growth in Indonesia has reshaped lifestyles and opened new avenues for businesses. This study examines the impact of e-service quality dimensions on e-customer satisfaction among users of the myFirstMedia application—an innovative digital service ensuring 24/7 customer connectivity. However, there is a noticeable gap between service quality and user expectations. The research, utilizing a quantitative method, combines primary data from Google Forms surveys with secondary data from news articles and previous research. Employing non-probability purposive sampling, the study involves 385 respondents and applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4.0 software. Statistical tests reveal that (1) the reliability dimension significantly influences e-customer satisfaction, (2) the responsiveness dimension positively impacts e-customer satisfaction, (3) the security/privacy dimension has a significant positive effect on e-customer satisfaction, (4) the fulfillment dimension significantly contributes to e-customer satisfaction, and (5) the efficiency dimension positively affects e-customer satisfaction. The R-Square coefficient of determination indicates a 52.6% influence of electronic service quality dimensions on e-customer satisfaction. Statistical analysis results confirm the impact of the reliability dimension on e-customer satisfaction. Descriptive analysis highlights that the fulfillment dimension exhibits the lowest percentage value, particularly concerning information on package prices, promotions, and other content within the My First Media application.
Combating Disinformation and Misinformation through Source Identification and Tracking
Authors: Ohwadua Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

In the social media or online networks, the posting and sharing of misleading information or fake news, is done on the fly, but difficult to reverse or control, and worse still, the purveyor of such information is difficult to identify or track; unlike traditional print or electronic media whose authors are well known and can be held responsible for any harm that the information may cause. With disinformation, misinformation and mal-information spreading at the click of a button and at breakneck speed, tech companies are struggling to regulate it on social media, while grappling with public responsibility, definitions of free speech or freedom of expression, and identification of such content and its source. This research piece has provided another prism by which the excesses of the purveyors of disinformation, misinformation and mal-information, otherwise known as fake news, propaganda or misleading information can be curtailed. In the social media platform, the author of content is elusive and may not be known because the content or material does not contain any identification that could help to identify the perpetuator, and even if eventually he/she is finally tracked – probably after the content may have been shared (say) a million times, the harm may have been done. So, the goal of this scheme is to discourage and prevent the creation and posting of harmful material on social media since such content will carry the identification of the author. The identification details of the author of content is acquired at the point of posting the content online on any social media platform, while the integrity of the content is preserved by the use of cryptographic hash function. Fundamentally, this tool, if adopted and implemented by social media platforms, it will shift the focus of the fight against fake news from regulation to prevention and control.
Popularizing Polar Sciences: Opinions on the Polar Festival
Authors: Arslan Ayşe , Yirmibeşoğlu Sinan , Özsoy Burcu
Published: March 2024

Science festivals are crucial events that bring together scientists and the public, where information flow and interaction are intense. The first online Polar Festival organized by TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center Polar Research Institute is one of these events. With this research, the opinions of the participants of the TÜBİTAK Polar Festival held at the national level regarding the event were examined. The study group of research determined by the maximum diversity sampling method consists of 311 middle school and high school students between the ages of 10 and 18. The research is a cross-sectional pattern research designed in a qualitative nature. Questions regarding demographic information and a semi-structured interview form regarding the participants' opinions on the Polar Festival were used as data collection tools in the study. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. In the main findings of the research, it has been determined that teachers play a key role in students' access to the Polar Festival, and the festival, in general, attracted great interest from the participants, which supports the development of positive views on science among the participants. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Polar Festival positively affected students' views on science and contributed to their environmental and polar awareness. It is recommended that science festivals organized in the field of polar sciences be sustainable and continue under the leadership of scientific institutions.
The Role of Organizational Justice Perceived by Teachers on the Ethical Dilemmas They Experience
Authors: Saçlı Esra , Camadan Fatih
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the role of organizational justice perceived by teachers in the ethical dilemmas they experience. The research, conducted using a correlation survey model, included a sample of 379 teachers (215 female and 164 male) working in secondary and high schools. The findings of the research revealed that there were no significant differences in the ethical dilemmas experienced by teachers based on variables such as gender, age, type of institution, and education level. However, it was found that there was a significant difference in the behavioral ethical dilemma dimension, structural ethical dilemma dimension, and the overall score of ethical dilemmas at schools based on the teachers' branch of specialization. Furthermore, differences were identified in the structural ethical dilemma dimension based on the type of employment. In addition, the study revealed that there was a negative, low-level, and significant relationship between teachers' ethical dilemma levels and their perceptions of organizational justice. Organizational justice was found to predict 8% of the total variation in ethical dilemmas. Moreover, the behavioral ethical dilemma dimension was found to significantly contribute to the total score of ethical dilemmas in schools. However, the structural ethical dilemma dimension and the interactional ethical dilemma dimension did not significantly contribute to the overall score of ethical dilemmas in schools.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PREDICTION IN CHILDREN - WITH FOCUS ON OBESITY
Authors: Bjelaković Bojko
Published: March 2024

The majority of children at risk for future cardiovascular disease who need specific and systematic cardiovascular risk assessments are obese children. However, there are still many unresolved questions related to pathophysiology, recognition and management of obese children. Currently, the most prevalent paradigm for identifying children at risk for cardiovascular events is based on the population approach and identification of the level and/or number of traditional risk factors. However risk assessment methods based on, traditional risk factors solely have proven to be suboptimal and unreliable. Since early atherosclerosis commonly occurs in the absence of abnormal threshold levels of risk factors, the traditional risk factors based approach has recently shifted to “individual-based approach”. Such a new concept is focused on the identification of asymptomatic structural target organ changes or more recently subclinical functional cardiac or vascular target organ changes to identify children at risk.
KAŠALJ I KADA JE PREVENCIJA MOGUĆA?
Authors: Veković Vesna , Jocić Stojanović Jasmina , Živković Zorica , Ostojić Olivera , Veković Borko , Tomašević Milena
Published: March 2024

U pedijatrijskoj populaciji, kašalj je ubedljivo najčešći simptom i znak odgovora respiratorne sluznice na različite agense. Kašalj je zaštitni , odbrambeni refleksni mehanizam, kojim se obezbeđuje čišćenje i prolaznost disajnih puteva, pomaže evakuisanje nakupljenog sekreta ili stranog tela, iritanasa i patogenih čestica iz disajnih puteva. Značaj odbrambene funkcije kašlja  i primer sniženih odgovora  receptora na kašalj, vidi se u bolestima u kojima je kašalj neefikasan, gde je senzitivnost refleksa  snižena, zbog bolesti kao što su generalizovane mišićne distrofije, traheobronhomalacija, disfunkcija larinksa. Vrlo je važno postaviti dijagnozu bolesti, koja je uzrok kašlju i lečiti naravno, osnovnu bolest. Detaljna anamneza, klinički pregled i adekvatna ispitivanja neophodni su za uvodjenje ciljane terapije. Kod velikog broja bolesnika, kašalj je posledica više udruženih bolesti, od kojih su u najvećem broju zastupljeni postinfektivna bronhijalna preosetljivost, astma i postanazalno slivanje sekreta , gastro-ezofagealni  reflux. Kašalj  je koristan refleksni mehanizam, u većini slučajeva ne treba ga suzbijati i lečiti. Sam po sebi, kašalj nije bolest, ali ako se javlja često, dugo traje, ometa aktivnosti , treba ga proceniti adekvatno i koliko god je moguće prema uzroku lečiti. Prevencija kašlja koji se karakteriše kao patološki podrazumeva: opšte mere prevencije, vakcinaciju, hemioprofilaksu, imunoterapiju, mere kontrole  sredine i  izbegavanje alergena i  zagađivača, primena simptomatskih mera i biljnih preparata.
POLIARTIKULARNI ARTRITIS - PREVENCIJA HRONIČNIH OŠTEĆENJA ZGLOBOVA
Authors: Lazarević Dragana
Published: March 2024

Poliartikularni oblik juvenilnog idiopatskog artritisa (JIA) klinički definiše prisustvo artritisa u pet i više zglobova tokom prvih šest meseci bolesti. U zavisnosti od prisustva reumatoidnog faktora u serumu (RF), razlikujemo dve podgrupe: RF pozitivni i RF negativni poliarikularni JIA. Iako je klinička slika slična, medjusobno se razlikuju po toku bolesti i u prognostičkom smislu. RF negativni poliartrikularni JIA ima nešto sporije progresivan tok, za razliku od RF pozitivnog poliartrikularnog JIA koji već na početku bolesti može dovesti do oštećenja i destrukcije zglobova, zbog čega je kod ovog podtipa neophodan agresivniji terapijski pristup. Poslednjih godina nova saznanja o etiopatogenezi JIA i napredak genetskog inženjeringa su omogućili razvoj i primenu najnovijih terapijskih sredstava što je svakako promenilo tok i ishod bolesti kod ovih pacijenata. Savremeni koncept lečenja ima za cilj da obezbedi dobar kvalitet života ovim pacijentima, da se aktivnost bolesti dovede pod kontrolu, da umanji subjektivne tegobe, omogući normalan rast i razvoj dece, očuva funkcionalnost zglobova i prevenira pojavu deformiteta, nastanak invalidnosti i radne nesposobnosti. Terapijski pristup u poliartikularnom  JIA jeste strogo individualno prilagođen svakom bolesniku i zavisi od podtipa poliartikularnog JIA i prisustva loših prognostičih faktora, te predstavlja kombinaciju primene antiinflamatornih i imunomodulatornih lekova uz neophodnost sprovodjenja fizikalne terapije. Kako pacijenti sa poliartrikularnim JIA imaju lošu prognozu bolesti treba ih lečiti što ranije i što agresivnije uključujući ranu primenu metotreksata i bioloških  lekova, posebno ukoliko ne postignu adekvatan terapijski odgovor ili imaju gastričnu nepodnošljivost na metotreksat. Uvodjenje biološke terapije i naša dosadašnja decenijska pozitivna iskustva ukazali su na visok stepen terapijske efikasnosti i bezbednosti kod najmlađih bolesnika, što je u skladu sa rezultatima drugih evropskih zemalja.
ZNAČAJ PREPORUKA U PREVENCIJI PERIOPERATIVNOG VENSKOG TROMBOEMBOLIZMA KOD PEDIJATRIJSKIH PACIJENATA
Authors: Budić Ivana , Marjanović Vesna , Slavković Andjelka , Đorđević Ivona , Đerić Danijela , Stević Marija , Simić Dušica
Published: March 2024

Venski tromboembolizam (VTE) se sve više prepoznaje u pedijatrijskoj praksi. Zbog malog broja kliničkih istraživanja kod dece, lečenje se u velikoj meri zasniva na iskustvima iz prakse kod odraslih gde postoji značajna baza dokaza. Nedostatak kliničkog iskustva upravo i dovodi do retke i izrazito varijabilne primene tromboprofilakse kod kritično obolele dece. Incidenca VTE značajno se smanjila nakon implementacije preporuka koje se odnose na  tromboprofilaksu kod kritično obolele dece.
PRIMARNA PREVENCIJA OBOLJENJA IZAZVANIH HUMANIM PAPILOMA VIRUSOM
Authors: Veković Vesna , Živković Zorica , Veković Borko , Tomašević Milena
Published: March 2024

Primarna prevencija oboljenja koja izaziva infekcija humanim papiloma virusom je vakcinacija.Vakcina je dostupna više od deset godina i  preporuka je da se vakcinišu i devojčice i dečaci uzrasta od 9 do 12 godina. Edukacija zdravstvenih radnika radi bolje komunikacije sa roditeljima, primena literature i preporuka, kontinuirana edukacija lekara, spremnost na davanje jasnih i preciznih odgovora na brojna pitanja i nedoumice roditelja, su put da se značaj vakcinacije shvati i prihvati.
SINDROM PREOPTEREĆENJA U PEDIJATRIJSKLOJ POPULACIJI
Authors: Radovanović Dragan , Ignjatović Aleksandar
Published: March 2024

Sindrom preopterećenja obuhvata povrede nastale uticajem ponovljene fizičke aktivnosti (do nivoa submaksimalnog opterećenja)na koštano-mišićni sistem, pri čemu oporavak nije adekvatan jer ne rezultuje strukturalnim i funkcionalnim adaptacijama. Potencijalni okidači za nastanak sindroma preopterećenja uključuju povećano opterećenje tokom treninga bez adekvatnog oporavka, monotoniju treninga i preveliki broj takmičenja. Uobičajene manifestacije kod dece sportista uključuju hronični bol u mišićima ili zglobovima, diskretne promene ličnosti, povišeni puls u mirovanju, nedostatak entuzijazma za trening ili takmičenje, kao i česte poteškoće da se uspešno završe uobičajene fizičke aktivnosti. Prilikom savetovanja sa trenerima i roditeljima, treba poći od činjenice da ne postoje naučno određene smernice koje bi definisale koliko je fizičke aktivnosti zdravo i korisno mladim sportistima u poređenju sa onim što ih može dovesti u rizik od nastanka sindroma preopterećenja ili sindroma izgaranja. Većina vodećih strukovnih udruženja preporučuje ograničavanje jedne sportske aktivnosti na maksimum pet dana nedeljno, uz najmanje jedan slobodan dan od bilo kakve organizovane aktivnosti. U današnje vreme izgleda da je fokus većine sportskih programa za decu i adolescente usmeren ka razvoju sport-specifičnih veština, umesto na razvoj bazičnih fitnes komponenti kao što su snaga, izdržljivost, agilnost, ravnoteža i koordinacija. Svetska strukovna udruženja predlažu da ne bi trebalo ohrabrivati sportsku specijalizaciju pre adolescencije. Zbog toga, programirana fizička aktivnost ne bi trebalo da se bazira na jednom sportu, već da se razvija iz raznovrsnih sportskih aktivnosti, koje uključuju fundamentalne veštine kretanja (trčanje, skakanje, okretanje, poskok i preskakanje), i kondicionih priprema koje poboljšavaju i zdravstvene i komponente vezane za fizički fitnes.
RANA INDENTIFIKACIJA MENTALNIH PROBLEMA, INTERVENCIJA U DETINJSTVU I ULOGA PEDIJATRA
Authors: Tošić Mijajlović Marija , Petković Bogomaz Sladjana , Bivolarević Ivana
Published: March 2024

Poremećaji mentalnog zdravlja dece i mladih su rastući problem u svetu. Procenjeno je da oko 10% dece i mladih ima mentalne zdravstvene probleme koji ne samo da negativno utiču na svakodnevno funkcionisanje već, ako se ne leče, mogu da ostave neizbrisive posledice za ceo život. Značajnije, dete koje ima psihijatrijski problem može porasti u stabilnu odraslu osobu uz adekvatan pristup zdravstvene službe i okoline. Deca i mladi mogu imati širok spektar mentalnih problema, uključujući: anksioznost, ADHD, poremećaje iz spektra autizma, poremećaje ishrane, poremećaje raspoloženja, šizofreniju. Rano prepoznavanje simptoma ima veliki značaj jer omogućava sveobuhvatniju procenu, izradu individualnog plana podrške i lečenja za svako dete, ranu intervenciju i posledično bolji ishod. Ciljevi intervencije u ranom detinjstvu su: identifikacija dece sa mentalnim zdravstvenim problemima, pružanje pomoći svakom detetu da ostvari svoj potencijal, prevencija i svođenje poteškoća na minimum, povećanje funkcionalnih veština deteta, promovisanje pozitivnih sklonosti, pružanje podrške za inkluzivno vaspitanje i obrazovanje, obezbeđivanje prava deteta, pružanje podrške očuvanju porodice, smanjivanje kratkoročnih i dugoročnih troškova za zdravstvenu negu.U ranom detinjstvu, u uzrastu do treće godine, deca i porodica su usmereni prvenstveno na zdravstveni sistem. Tokom ovog perioda susreću se sa pedijatrom i pedijatrijskom sestrom oko 15 puta. Stoga primarna zdravstvena zaštita ima priliku da bude prva na otkrivanju i praćenju poremećaja razvoja i ponašanja dece. Kasnije u detinjstvu i mladosti pedijatri su i dalje medju prvima kojima se roditelji i deca obraćaju za savet i pomoć. Velika je odgovornost pedijatra da reaguje blagovremeno poštujući principe prevencije (primordijalna, primarna, sekundarna, tercijarna, univerzalna, selektivna, targetirana), a uloga presudna u koordinaciji podrške, nezi deteta, brizi o detetu, lečenju i pružanju podrške porodici.
Attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium to Fish Surfaces from a Suspension in Seawater and the Effect of Subsequent Washing
Authors: Kumar Sanath H
Published: March 2024

The article is about cooling (with cold water) of the lower abdomen (which is most sensitive to cold) for: relief of abdominal pain, boosting the immune system, handling hot flashes during menopause and better sleep. The article also explains how it works – it is done through the biofield seen as aura, which rules and regulates everything in the body. I found it to be Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which being nonlinear is not dissipating and can imprint information. The waves of the biofield (aura) scan the new environment and bring the information to the material body telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the environment is drastically new, it handles the evolution to new species. In the process of adaptation, first the biofield (aura) NEMF is changed and if the drastically new environment stays the same for a long time, it evolves into DNA changes and evolution to new species. A proof that the evolution to new species is done through the biofield is the fact that the evolution to new species is done through a quantum jump – there are no intermediate forms.
Analysis of Purchasing Intention in the Fashion Industry: Enhancing Product Sales through Live Commerce Streaming
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung (SBM-ITB), Indonesia, Adibah Rina , Sufiati Mustika ,   https://ijcsrr.org/single-view/?id=15625&pid=15277
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of live-streaming commerce on the Indonesian fashion industry, with a specific focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It explores how factors like perceived media richness, price fairness, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), social media marketing, and brand image influence consumer purchase intentions. The research methodology includes a survey of Indonesian consumers who have engaged in shopping for fashion products via live streaming at least once in the past three months. The findings analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), reveal the pivotal role of media richness, price fairness, and social media marketing in shaping purchase intentions, with brand image emerging as a key mediator. However, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) shows less impact. indicating a complex market dynamic. The findings highlight the effectiveness of live streaming as a marketing and sales tool in the digital era. The study contributes valuable insights for SMEs looking to optimize their digital strategies and enhance sales effectiveness in the rapidly evolving e-commerce landscape.
Liberalization and Global Business Dilemma in Third World Countries: A PEST Analysis
Authors:   Lecturer, Kampala International University, W.C School of Business and Management, Nyamboga (PhD.) Dr. Ongesa Tom
Published: March 2024

Global business plays a critical role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations. The SDGs represent a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030. Global businesses collaborate with governments, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to address complex global challenges and achieve the SDGs. By fostering partnerships and multi-stakeholder initiatives, they contribute to SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) by leveraging resources, expertise, and networks to drive sustainable development. Many global businesses are increasingly adopting sustainable practices to minimize their environmental footprint and promote responsible consumption and production. By implementing sustainable supply chain management, reducing waste, and adopting eco-friendly technologies, they contribute to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Liberalization and global business are interrelated processes that shape the dynamics of international trade, investment, and economic integration. While liberalization creates opportunities for global businesses to expand their operations and access new markets, it also presents challenges related to competition, regulation, and sustainability that require careful management and policy responses in third world countries. This has elicited a mixed rection on the role of global business on development of nations. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which liberalization has impacted the political, economic, social, and technological advancement of third world countries. A literature review has been adopted for this purpose. The study concludes that the impact of liberalization of global business on third world countries is complex and varies depending on factors such as governance structures, economic policies, social dynamics, and technological capabilities. This study recommends that by adopting a holistic approach that takes into account the interplay between political, economic, social, and technological factors, governments in third world countries can maximize the benefits of liberalization while mitigating potential risks and promoting sustainable development.
Projectile Load Design Development and Construction comparing OCW, Ladder, Chronograph, and barrel acceleration FFT Methods for Numerical Models
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal, Simoes Jose , Dourado Nuno ,   CMEMS-UMINHO, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal, Hart Doug ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Seabra Eurico ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Published: March 2024

The research and development of new materials and technologies orient the design, development, and construction of new sport optics products across the globe. With each improvement, whether in a riflescope or accessories, the final product must function without fail in the customer's hand and under the required specification conditions. Therefore, before the product is placed on the market it must be subject to a series of procedures, which involve both performing numerical analysis and physical tests to increase confidence and reliability. Numerical analyses require input data, and that must be consistent with real actions that influence the product to react. In the development of shooting equipment, the rifle recoil is considered the primary reaction for riflescopes, rifles, and accessories alike and is the most significant factor that could cause failure. For this reason, it is essential to use a load development process to have consistent energies, velocities, recoil curves, and reactions. This paper will present, discuss, and analyze the efficacy of the Optimum Charge Weight (OCW), ladder, chronograph, and barrel acceleration Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) load development methods and the results of each in load development.
Reef fish community structure in the waters of small islands Central Bangka Regency
Authors: Adibrata Sudirman , Adi Wahyu , Angelia Fera , Komarullah Umam , Dedi Dedi , Akbar Arham Hafidh , Maulana Eka , Sapriyadi Sapriyadi , Sofyan Sofyan , Aldia Dia , Animah Animah , Ayu Citra , Gunawan Robi , Mahatir Muhammad , Sandri Sandri , Evitulistiono Rizki , Febrianto Febrianto , Efendi Muhammad Ichsan , Susanto Agung , Alqodri Muhammad Faris , Adriyansyah Nico , Hafizah Adisti , Ferizal Jemi
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to analyze the community structure of reef fish in the small island waters of Central Bangka. The research was conducted in March 2022 in the waters of Bebuar Island, Ketugar Island, Ketawai Island, and Gusung Asam Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The coral reef survey method uses purposive sampling and the coral reef fish visual census with data analysis of abundance, diversity index, uniformity, and dominance. In-site water quality measurements included six parameters: temperature, salinity, current, brightness, depth, and pH. The results showed that coral reef cover from 44.60 - 87.00% with the medium to very good category. The abundance of reef fish from 1 to 3 individuals/m2 was dominated by 18 species of the Pomacentridae family. The reef fish diversity index ranged from 2.47 to 2.90, including the medium category. The uniformity index value ranged from 0.79 - 0.94, including the high category, indicating that the species found were evenly distributed across all stations. The dominance index value ranges from 0.07 to 0.15, including low, where no species dominates significantly and the fish are evenly distributed. Temperature, brightness, pH, and salinity are factors that support the growth of coral and reef fish. A water current speed of 0.05 – 0.20 m/s is quite helpful in cleaning coral reefs from mud and can supply oxygen. Water conditions were categorized as good and fulfilled the seawater quality standards.