bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from northeastern Thailand
Authors: Kidyoo Aroonrat
Published: November 2020

A new species, Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis A. Kidyoo, has been discovered in northeastern Thailand and is here described and illustrated. An identification key to all species of the genus is provided. Photographs and a diagnostic comparison with the morphologically similar species G. calcicola Kerr, are also provided. Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis displays clear differences in form and color of the corolla as well as in size of bract and flower. A lectotype for Gymnemopsis pierrei is also designated.
First measurements of field metabolic rate in wild juvenile fishes show strong thermal sensitivity but variations between sympatric ecotypes
Authors: Chung Ming‐Tsung , Jørgensen Kris‐Emil Mose , Trueman Clive N. , Knutsen Halvor , Jorde Per Erik , Grønkjær Peter
Published: November 2020

The relationship between physiology and temperature has a large influence on population‐level responses to climate change. In natural settings, direct thermal effects on metabolism may be exaggerated or offset by behavioural responses influencing individual energy balance. Drawing on a newly developed proxy, we provide the first estimates of the thermal performance curve of field metabolism in a wild fish. We investigate the thermal sensitivity of field metabolic rate in two sympatric, genetically distinct ecotypes of Atlantic cod from the Skagerrak coast of southern Norway. The combined ecotype median of field metabolic rate increased with increasing temperature until around 16°C, coincident with the thermal optimum for growth for juvenile Atlantic cod. Individual cod experienced temperatures in excess of the thermal optimum for field metabolic rate, indicating some degree of thermal limitation of field metabolism in a complex natural environment with the potential for thermal refugia. The two cod ecotypes showed different thermal performance curves for field metabolic rate, revealing that genetic components to temperature sensitivity persist beyond acclimation effects. The cold‐adapted fjord ecotype maintained higher field metabolic rates at cooler temperatures than the warm‐adapted North Sea ecotype, which showed clear preference for warmer waters around the thermal optimum. Field metabolic rates of the two ecotypes were strongly influenced by year and location of sampling, implying more complex behavioural responses to environmental conditions. We emphasise that the energy uses reflecting physiological conditions in the field should be considered in the evaluation of the effect of climatic variables on fish population dynamics and demonstrate that otolith isotopes provide an analytical framework to answer this question.
Outcomes of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Choi Yu Hyeon , An Hong Yul , Kim You Sun , Park June Dong
Published: November 2020

Background

Some infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) are referred to higher‐level centers for multidisciplinary care, including the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, information regarding these infants is limited in PICUs.

Methods

We investigated the characteristics and outcomes of preterm infants with sBPD referred to the PICU of a tertiary hospital. This retrospective cohort study included 14 preterm infants with sBPD who were transferred to the PICU beyond 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) because of weaning failure, from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2018.

Results

The median age at referral was 47.1 weeks (range, 43.6–55.9 weeks), and the median length of stay in the previous neonatal intensive care unit was 154 days (range, 105.8–202.3 days) after birth. After referral the following major comorbidities were found in the patients: large airway malacia, n = 7 (50.0%); significant upper airway obstruction, n = 3 (21.4%); and pulmonary arterial hypertension, n = 8 patients (57.1%). Finally, eight patients (57.1%) were successfully extubated without tracheostomy. Final respiratory support of the patients was determined at a median PMA of 56 weeks (range, 48–63 weeks). Age at referral (P = 0.023) and large airway obstruction (P = 0.028) were significantly related to a decrease in successful extubation.

Conclusion

Based on a timely and individualized multidisciplinary approach, some of the prolonged ventilator‐dependent infants, even those beyond term age, could be successfully extubated.
Enhancing the care of children with chronic diseases through the narratives of patient, physician, nurse and carer
Authors: Continisio Grazia I. , Nunziata Francesco , Coppola Clara , Bruzzese Dario , Spagnuolo Maria I. , Guarino Alfredo
Published: November 2020

We tested the hypothesis that a narrative approach may enhance a bio‐psycho‐social model (BPS) in caring for chronically ill children. Forty‐eight narratives were collected from 12 children with six different medical conditions, their mothers, physicians, and nurses. By a textual analysis, narratives were classified on their predominant focus as disease (biological focus), illness (psychologic focus), or sickness (social focus).

Sixty‐one percent of narrative’ text were classified as illness, 28% as disease and 11% as sickness. All narratives had a degree of illness focus. Narratives by patients and physicians on the one hand, and nurses’ and mothers’ on the other were disease focused. Narratives were also evaluated with respect to the type of medical condition: Illness was largely prevalent in all but Crohn’s disease and HIV infection, the latter having a predominance of sickness most probably related to stigma.

Narrative exploration proved a valuable tool for understanding and addressing the needs of children with complex conditions. Narrative approaches allow identification of the major needs of different patients according to health conditions and story tellers. In the narratives, we found a greater illness and disease focus and surprisingly a low sickness focus, except with HIV stories.

Narrative medicine provides a tool to strengthen the BPS model in health care.
Uncertainty analysis of CFD and performance prediction for an pumpjet propulsor
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Hongxun , Zhang Zhengchuan , Ma Zheng
Published: November 2020

In order to reveal the operating characteristics of the pumpjet propulsor, standard [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], standard [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], RNG [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and SST [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] turbulence models were used to conduct steady calculation for the whole flow channels. By comparing the calculation results with experimental data, it was found that the calculation errors were very large in some operating conditions. Therefore, the uncertainty analysis was carried out at all operating conditions of the pumpjet propulsor and the error source was finally determined that it is mainly derived from the model error. Then, the applicability of different turbulence models was analyzed to numerical simulation for the pumpjet propulsor by comparing the internal and external characteristics. It can be seen that the strong turbulent kinetic energy in the guide vane will inevitably cause energy loss, but not necessarily in the impeller. In this area, the increase of turbulent kinetic energy will enhance the mixing and transport of fluids, and the impeller makes the fluids get more energy. In addition, a modified hybrid Reynolds Average Numerical Simulation/Large Eddy Simulation (RANS/LES) model was proposed for unsteady calculation, and the performances, internal flow states and the interaction between the pump and the outer region were further revealed under various conditions of the pumpjet propulsor, which provides some references for predicting accurately and selecting conditions optimally in the future.
Link community detection combined with network pruning and local community expansion
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Wang Hongmei , Wang Guishen , Guo Zhenjun , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2020

Studying overlapping community structure can help people understand complex network. In this paper, we propose a link community detection method combined with network pruning and local community expansion (NPLCE). Firstly, we delete unattractive links and transform pruned graph into line graph. Secondly, we calculate score matrix on line graph through pagerank algorithm. Then, we search seed nodes and expand local communities from the seed nodes. Finally, we merge those communities and transform them back into node communities. The experiment results on several real-world networks demonstrate the performance of our algorithm in terms of accuracy.
Comparison of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery and Conventional Phacoemulsification in Shallow Anterior Chambers and Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Li Li , Zeng Siming , He Wenjing , Li Min
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To compare femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus conventional phacoemulsification in shallow anterior chamber cataract patients with glaucoma or zonulysis. Methods. This was a single-center retrospective review of cataract surgeries in shallow anterior chamber and glaucoma patients between January 2016 and December 2018 in which a LenSx femtosecond laser was used. The outcome measures included pre- and postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell loss (ECL), and object scatter index (OSI). Results. One hundred and six eyes of 106 patients with a mean anterior chamber depth of 1.54 ± 0.51 mm were included in this study. Among them, 26 (23.2%) had zonulysis and 18 eyes had capsular tension ring implantation in general. The percentage of capsular tension ring implantation was statistically significantly lower in the FLACS group (

P

 = 0.027). The UDVA, CDVA, ECD, and IOP were not statistically significant between the two groups at all time points. The postoperative ECL and OSI of the FLACS group was better than those of the conventional group (

P

 < 0.01). Conclusions. FLACS can reduce ECL and improve visual quality compared to the conventional phacoemulsification in shallow anterior chamber patients. Also, it has the trend of reducing the use of capsular tension rings in subluxated cataracts. It is an ideal choice for patients with complicated cataract such as with shallow anterior chambers, glaucoma, and zonulysis.
Complex Behavior of Droplet Transfer and Spreading in Cold Metal Transfer
Authors: Yang Shuai , Xing Yanfeng , Yang Fuyong , Cao Juyong
Published: November 2020

In intelligent manufacturing, an intelligent control method of welding process is an important process of intelligent welding manufacturing technology (IWMT). Metal transfer is a key factor to control the welding process. Metal transfer and droplet spreading are of vital importance for welding formation. A new theoretical model of cold metal transfer (CMT) in short-circuit transfer mode is proposed in this paper. In this model, the CMT welding process is regarded as a continuous process of arc heating, mass transfer, short-circuit, and spreading, and the relations between these processes are analyzed. The calculation equations used by the model can analyze the welding formation clearly and simplify the complex welding process into continuous physical behavior. The predicted welding width shows good agreement with the measurement results. The mechanism of increased welding width is also comprehensively analyzed. Results have a certain guiding effect on aluminum alloy welding process control.
Machine Learning-Based Resource Allocation Strategy for Network Slicing in Vehicular Networks
Authors: Cui Yaping , Huang Xinyun , Wu Dapeng , Zheng Hao
Published: November 2020

The diversified service requirements in vehicular networks have stimulated the investigation to develop suitable technologies to satisfy the demands of vehicles. In this context, network slicing has been considered as one of the most promising architectural techniques to cater to the various strict service requirements. However, the unpredictability of the service traffic of each slice caused by the complex communication environments leads to a weak utilization of the allocated slicing resources. Thus, in this paper, we use Long Short-Term Memory- (LSTM-) based resource allocation to reduce the total system delay. Specially, we first formulated the radio resource allocation problem as a convex optimization problem to minimize system delay. Secondly, to further reduce delay, we design a Convolutional LSTM- (ConvLSTM-) based traffic prediction to predict traffic of complex slice services in vehicular networks, which is used in the resource allocation processing. And three types of traffic are considered, that is, SMS, phone, and web traffic. Finally, based on the predicted results, i.e., the traffic of each slice and user load distribution, we exploit the primal-dual interior-point method to explore the optimal slice weight of resources. Numerical results show that the average error rates of predicted SMS, phone, and web traffic are 25.0%, 12.4%, and 12.2%, respectively, and the total delay is significantly reduced, which verifies the accuracy of the traffic prediction and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Evaluating the Performance of Secondary Precipitation Products through Statistical and Hydrological Modeling in a Mountainous Tropical Basin of India
Authors: Venkatesh Kolluru , Krakauer N. Y. , Sharifi E. , Ramesh H.
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the performance of gridded rainfall datasets for precipitation detection and streamflow simulations in Indiaʼs Tungabhadra river basin. Sixteen precipitation datasets categorized under gauge-based, satellite-only, reanalysis, and gauge-adjusted datasets were compared statistically against the gridded Indian Meteorological Dataset (IMD) employing two categorical and three continuous statistical metrics. Further, the precipitation datasets’ performance in simulating streamflow was assessed by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. Based on the statistical metrics, Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) furnished very good results in terms of detecting rainfall, followed by Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRP), National Centres for Environmental Prediction-Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP CFSR), Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 v7, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Gauge Reanalysis v6 (GSMaP_Gauge_RNL), and Multisource Weighted Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) datasets which had good-to-moderate performances at a monthly time step. From the hydrological simulations, TRMM 3B42 v7, CHIRP, CHIRPS 0.05°, and GSMaP_Gauge_RNL v6 produced very good results with a high degree of correlation to observed streamflow, while Soil Moisture 2 Rain-Climate Change Initiative (SM2RAIN-CCI) dataset exhibited poor performance. From the extreme flow event analysis, it was observed that CHIRP, TRMM 3B42 v7, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre v7 (GPCC), and APHRODITE datasets captured more peak flow events and hence can be further implemented for extreme event analysis. Overall, we found that TRMM 3B42 v7, CHIRP, and CHIRPS 0.05° datasets performed better than other datasets and can be used for hydrological modeling and climate change studies in similar topographic and climatic watersheds in India.
Pretreatment of Ascorbic Acid Inhibits MPTP-Induced Astrocytic Oxidative Stress through Suppressing NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Zeng Xiaokang , Xu Kai , Wang Ji , Xu Yunqi , Qu Shaogang
Published: November 2020

Astrocytes are a major constituent of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytic oxidative stress contributes to the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Maintaining production of antioxidant and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in astrocytes is critical to prevent PD. Study has illuminated that ascorbic acid (AA) stimulates dopamine synthesis and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in human neuroblastoma cells. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of AA on detoxification of astrocytes are still unclear. The purpose of our study is in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of AA on detoxification of astrocytes. We found that AA pretreatment decreased the expression of ROS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in MPP+-treated astrocytes. In contrast, the expression levels of antioxidative substances—including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit—were upregulated after AA pretreatment in MPP+-treated astrocytes. However, inhibition of NF-κB prevented such AA induced increases in antioxidative substances following MPP+ treatment in astrocytes, suggesting that AA improved antioxidative function of astrocytes through inhibiting NF-κB-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that AA preadministration also suppressed NF-κB and upregulated the expression levels of antioxidative substances in the midbrain of MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, pretreatment of AA alleviated MPTP-induced PD-like pathology in mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that preadministration of AA improves the antioxidative function of astrocytes through suppressing NF-κB signaling, following alleviated the pathogenesis of PD which induced by MPTP. Hence, our findings elucidate a novel protective mechanism of AA in astrocytes.
Programação radiofônica e infância: temática, estilo e forma composicional de programas informativos voltados para o público infantil
Authors: Custódio Michele Letícia , Maciel Suely
Published: November 2020

O estudo discute a temática, o estilo e a forma composicional de programas destinados ao público infantil e debate a importância de produções em mídia sonora voltadas para o segmento. A partir da análise de temas, seções, estilos de locução, propostas editoriais etc. dos programas Unespinha e Mambembeiro, o estudo discute a repetição, nas atrações, de algumas fórmulas próprias da produção de conteúdos para o público adulto e a pouco criativa e diversificada exploração da sintaxe radiofônica, o que acarreta baixo estímulo à imaginação do ouvinte criança e se soma ao emprego de estratégias que mimetizam o discurso infantil.
The Navel, Reflections on the composition of the Quarta pars Digestorum
Authors: Zwalve W.J. , de Vries Th.
Published: November 2020

In an earlier edition of Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis we have contended that Justinian’s Digest was composed on the basis of Ulpian’s Libri ad Edictum and the peculiarities and special exigencies of the legal curriculum. It was also contended that the distribution of the fifty books over the seven partes of the Digest was based on a mathematical formula, complicated by the fact that Justinian (Tribonian) had decided to assign four books to the first pars (Ta prota) and 36 to the first five partes together according to ‘the nature and science of numbers’ (natura et ars numerorum). This article offers some additional arguments supporting our thesis and concentrates on the composition of the quarta pars Digestorum, designated by Justinian himself as ‘The Navel’ (Umbilicus) of the entire composition. The hypothesis is that Tribonian composed the quarta pars Digestorum as a microcosm of the Digest as a whole and that he has been ‘juggling with numbers’ within the composition of ‘The Navel’ as he has ostensibly done in the composition of the Digest as a whole.
The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the Linsenmaier collection. Part 1. Cleptes Latreille
Authors: ROSA PAOLO , HEIM RENÉ , BERNASCONI MARCO VALERIO
Published: November 2020

An illustrated catalogue of the Palaearctic types of Cleptes species and subspecies described by Walter Linsenmaier is given. All types are currently housed at the Natur-Museum, Luzern, Switzerland. Cleptes laevifacies Linsenmaier, 1999 is confirmed as a member of  the nitidulus species group.
Ciraparantag, an anticoagulant reversal drug: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and reversal of anticoagulants
Authors: Ansell Jack , Laulicht Bryan E. , Bakhru Sasha H. , Burnett Allison , Jiang Xuan , Chen Lirong , Baker Christopher , Villano Stephen , Steiner Solomon
Published: November 2020

Ciraparantag, an anticoagulant reversal agent, is a small molecule specifically designed to bind noncovalently by charge-charge interaction to unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. It shows binding characteristics that are similar to those of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). A dynamic light-scattering methodology was used to demonstrate ciraparantag’s binding to the heparins and DOACs and its lack of binding to a variety of proteins including coagulation factors and commonly used drugs. Ciraparantag reaches maximum concentration within minutes after IV administration with a half-life of 12 to 19 minutes. It is primarily hydrolyzed by serum peptidases into 2 metabolites, neither of which has substantial activity. Ciraparantag and its metabolites are recovered almost entirely in the urine. In animal models of bleeding (rat tail transection and liver laceration), a single IV dose of ciraparantag given at peak concentrations of the anticoagulant, but before the bleeding injury, significantly reduced the blood loss. Ciraparantag, given after the bleeding injury, also significantly reduced blood loss. It appears to have substantial ability to reduce blood loss in animal models in which a variety of anticoagulants are used and has potential as a useful DOAC reversal agent.
The role of vitamin D in sarcoidosis
Authors: Gianella Fabiola , Hsia Connie CW , Sakhaee Khashayar
Published: November 2020

After the initial description of extrarenal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) three decades ago, extensive progress has been made in unraveling the immunomodulatory roles of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of granulomatous disorders, including sarcoidosis. It has been shown that 1,25-(OH)2D has dual effects on the immune system, including upregulating innate immunity as well as downregulating the autoimmune response. The latter mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcoidosis. Vitamin D supplementation in patients with sarcoidosis has been hampered owing to concerns about the development of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria given that extrarenal 1-α hydroxylase is substrate dependent. Recently, a few studies have cast doubt over the mechanisms underlying the development of hypercalcemia in this population. These studies demonstrated an inverse relationship between the level of vitamin D and severity of sarcoidosis. Consequently, clinical interest has been piqued in the use of vitamin D to attenuate the autoimmune response in this disorder. However, the development of hypercalcemia and the attendant detrimental effects are real possibilities. Although the average serum calcium concentration did not change following vitamin D supplementation, in two recent studies, hypercalciuria occurred in one out of 13 and two out of 16 patients. This review is a concise summary of the literature, outlining past work and newer developments in the use of vitamin D in sarcoidosis. We feel that larger-scale placebo-controlled randomized studies are needed in this population. Since the current first-line treatment of sarcoidosis is glucocorticoids, which confer many systemic adverse effects, and steroid-sparing immunosuppressant treatment options carry additional risks of adverse effects, adjunct management with vitamin D in combination with potent anti-osteoporotic medications could minimize the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and modulate the immune system to attenuate disease activity in sarcoidosis.
Computational model
Authors: Glovackaya Alevtina
Published: November 2020

The textbook covers the basics of classical numerical methods of computational mathematics used for solving linear and nonlinear equations and systems; interpolation and approximation of functions; numerical integration and differentiation; solutions of ordinary differential equations by methods of one-dimensional and multidimensional optimization. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the discipline "Numerical methods".
Therapeutic physical culture for children's diseases
Authors: Karaseva Tat'yana , Mahov Aleksandr , Tolstova Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The textbook presents the content of the main sections of the discipline, as well as includes teaching materials for independent work of students. It is intended for students studying in the areas of training "Physical culture" and "Physical culture for people with disabilities in health (adaptive physical culture)".
Food Name Translation Practice: A Case Study of Indonesian – English Menus
Authors: Setyaningsih Retno Wulandari
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzed the translation practice on chained hotel restaurant menus, especially on Indonesian traditional menu into English. The translation of food names requires translators to consider both the cultural associations embedded in the names, their meaning and function in the source language (SL) as well as the translatability of the terms in the target language (TL). Employing Descriptive Translation Studies, 33 Indonesian traditional food names from five hotel restaurants in Surabaya are analyzed in order to reveal the common practice of Indonesian traditional food name (SL) into English (TL). Out of 33 data, there are 21 traditional food name translation compared and elaborated using Descriptive Translation Studies approach. The translation procedures identified then are grouped based on Kwiecinski. The result indicated that exoticizing procedures only constitute of 9.5%, while rich explicatory procedures accounts for 61.9%. Further, recognized exoticism procedures was found in one data or 4.8%, and assimilative procedures are applied in five data or 23.8%. Thus, the most common practice in translating Indonesian traditional food names into English is mostly by describing the appearance of food completed by a list of side dishes and condiments. Thus, there is an attempt to generalize the unique feature of traditional food which may help target readers to recognize the food. However, the long information provided rarely explains the taste, and weights more into the serving appearance of the traditional food, reducing the potent of introducing the identity of Indonesian traditional food.
COVID-19 and social services in Spain
Authors: Muñoz-Moreno Rocío , Chaves-Montero Alfonso , Morilla-Luchena Aleix , Vázquez-Aguado Octavio
Published: November 2020

During the state of alarm declared in Spain by COVID-19 due to the pandemic, the country's authorities declared Social Services and their workers to be essential, considering that the activity of these professionals with the vulnerable population was crucial and that services should continue to be provided to guarantee the well-being of users in this exceptionally serious situation. This article analyzes the impact that the COVID-19 and the state of alarm has had on Spanish social service professionals. An ad hoc questionnaire was used, administered on-line, individually, voluntarily and anonymously to 560 professionals working in social services, both in the public and private sectors, based throughout Spain. This questionnaire has five different parts: socio-demographic profiling, impact that the health crisis has had on the practice of professional functions, degree of knowledge of the measures imposed to guarantee the protection and safety of professionals and users, impact that it has had on the professional and personal development of social services professionals and, the fifth and last part, degree of adaptation of the measures aimed at the care of the vulnerable population. These results are discussed based on the situation in which professionals working in this sector find themselves in the face of the changes they are experiencing in the development of their work, and we are able to determine the profile of the workers who have felt most affected by the situation, with the consequent and foreseeable mental and emotional affectation that this implies. These professionals tend to value more negatively the set of measures developed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on Spanish social services.
Development and validation of Work-Related Activities during Non-Work Time Scale (WANTS) for doctors
Authors: Mohd Fauzi Mohd Fadhli , Mohd Yusoff Hanizah , Mat Saruan Nur Adibah , Muhamad Robat Rosnawati
Published: November 2020

Work-related activities during non-work time may influence the intershift recovery of post-work fatigue. Currently there is no valid and reliable scale available to measure the frequency for such activities among doctors. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate ‘Work-Related Activities during Non-Work Time Scale’ (WANTS) that measure the frequency of work-related activities during non-work time for doctors. This was a scale development and validation study among doctors involving item generation, content and construct validation, and reliability assessment. 23-item seven-point Likert-type scale was developed through deductive (literature search) and inductive (interview with source population, authors’ experiences, and expert opinion) methods. The content-validated scale was pre-tested, and the improved scale was subsequently administered to randomly-selected 460 doctors working at public hospital setting. Response rate was 77.76% (n = 382). Initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring (PAF) using varimax rotation revealed unstable six-factor structure consisting of 17 variables; thus, we tested one- to six-factor model, and found that four-factor model is the most stable. Further analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) with a single component on each factor found that 17-variables four-factor model is stable. These factors were labelled as ‘work-related thought’, ‘work-to-home conversation’, ‘task spillover’ and ‘superior-subordinate communication’. It showed good internal consistency with overall alpha value of 0.837. The scale is thus valid and reliable for measuring the frequency of each construct of work-related activities during non-work time among doctors.
The spatial pattern and influencing factors of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Zhang Shengrui , Zhang Guanghai , Ju Hongrun
Published: November 2020

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the national strategy of “Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin”, the tourism development of the Yellow River basin of China is facing important opportunity. However, the spatial differences of tourism economy and the unbalanced development of interprovincial resources has become a threat for the sustainable development of the basin. By using the statistical data from 2003 to 2018, this paper aims to identify the numerical feature and spatial patterns of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin from the aspects of tourist volume (domestic tourists and inbound tourists) and tourism income (income from domestic tourism and inbound tourism) at provincial and prefectural scales. Analysis of spatial autocorrelation reveals significant clusters and outliers of tourist volume and tourism income at prefectural scale. Location condition, terrain condition, culture resources, regional policies, the interregional relationship and tourism infrastructure were the main factors influencing the spatial differences of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin. The study could offer useful information for the regional tourism management in the Yellow River Basin.
Measurement properties of the German version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for adults
Authors: Jekauc Darko , Nigg Carina , Nigg Claudio R. , Reichert Markus , Krell-Roesch Janina , Oriwol Doris , Schmidt Steffen , Wunsch Kathrin , Woll Alexander
Published: November 2020

The physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) is a measurement instrument that is commonly used in monitoring and intervention research to assess how much people enjoy being physically active, as this has been related to physical activity adherence. However, while the measurement properties of PACES are well-researched in the English language, there is a gap of research in the German language, especially when looking at adults. Thus, the purpose of this work was to examine reliability, factorial validity, criterion-related validity, and measurement invariance across sex, age groups and time of the PACES for German-speaking adults. Data was obtained from the Motorik-Modul-Study (MoMo) in which 863 adults (53.5% female; mean age = 20.9 years) were examined. To investigate measurement invariance across age groups, data from 2,274 adolescents (50.5% female; mean age = 14.4 years) was obtained additionally. The study provided a nationwide representative sample for Germany. Results showed high internal consistency of PACES in adults (Cronbach’s α = .94). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the invariance of the measure across age groups, time, and sex. Criterion-related validity could be shown as the global factor significantly correlated with overall physical activity, physical activity in sports clubs, and leisure-time physical activity. The analyses of factorial structure indicated a method effect for positively and negatively worded items. Correlated uniqueness, latent method factor and a hybrid model were applied to analyze the method effect and results indicated that the method effect of positively worded items was predictive of physical activity independently of the global factor. Overall, it can be concluded that PACES is reliable, valid and invariant measure of physical activity enjoyment to be used in German-speaking adults. Further studies are warranted to examine the factorial structure of the PACES and the consequences of the method effect.
The failure of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations among obese population
Authors: Kittiskulnam Piyawan , Tiskajornsiri Krittaya , Katavetin Pisut , Chaiwatanarat Tawatchai , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat
Published: November 2020

Background

Obesity is a major public health with increasing numbers of obese individuals are at risk for kidney disease. However, the validity of serum creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations in obese population is yet to be determined.

Methods

We evaluated the performance of the reexpressed Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), reexpressed MDRD with Thai racial factor, Thai estimated GFR (eGFR) as well as Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations among obese patients, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 with the reference measured GFR (mGFR) determined by 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) plasma clearance method. Serum creatinine levels were measured using standardized enzymatic method simultaneously with GFR measurement. The statistical methods in assessing agreement for continuous data including total deviation index (TDI), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and coverage probability (CP) for each estimating equation were compared with the reference mGFR. Accuracy within 10% representing the percentage of estimations falling within the range of ±10% of mGFR values for all equations were also tested.

Results

A total of 240 Thai obese patients were finally recruited with mean BMI of 31.5 ± 5.8 kg/m2. In the total population, all eGFR equations underestimated the reference mGFR. The average TDI values were 55% indicating that 90% of the estimates falling within the range of -55 to +55% of the reference mGFR. The CP values averaged 0.23 and CCC scores ranged from 0.75 to 0.81, reflecting the low to moderate levels of agreement between each eGFR equation and the reference mGFR. The proportions of patients achieving accuracy 10% ranged from 23% for the reexpressed MDRD equation to 33% for the Thai eGFR formula. Among participants with BMI more than 35 kg/m2 (n = 48), the mean error of all equations was extremely wide and significantly higher for all equations compared with the lower BMI category. Also, the strength of agreement evaluated by TDI, CCC, and CP were low in the subset of patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2.

Conclusion

Estimating equations generally underestimated the reference mGFR in subjects with obesity. The overall performance of GFR estimating equations demonstrated poor concordance with the reference mGFR among individuals with high BMI levels. In certain clinical settings such as decision for dialysis initiation, the direct measurements of GFR are required to establish real renal function among obese population.
In silico analysis identifies a putative cell-of-origin for BRAF fusion-positive cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Younes Subhi Talal , Herrington Betty
Published: November 2020

Childhood cancers are increasingly recognized as disorders of cellular development. This study sought to identify the cellular and developmental origins of cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma, the most common brain tumor of childhood. Using publicly available gene expression data from pilocytic astrocytoma tumors and controlling for driver mutation, a set of developmental-related genes which were overexpressed in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma was identified. These genes were then mapped onto several developmental atlases in order to identify normal cells with similar gene expression patterns and the developmental trajectory of those cells was interrogated. Eight known neuro-developmental genes were identified as being expressed in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Mapping those genes or their orthologs onto mouse neuro-developmental atlases identified overlap in their expression within the ventricular zone of the cerebellar anlage. Further analysis with a single cell RNA-sequencing atlas of the developing mouse cerebellum defined this overlap as occurring in ventricular zone progenitor cells at the division point between GABA-ergic neuronal and glial lineages, a developmental trajectory which closely mirrors that previously described to occur within pilocytic astrocytoma cells. Furthermore, ventricular zone progenitor cells and their progeny exhibited evidence of MAPK pathway activation, the paradigmatic oncogenic cascade known to be active in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Gene expression from developing human brain atlases recapitulated the same anatomic localizations and developmental trajectories as those found in mice. Taken together, these data suggest this population of ventricular zone progenitor cells as the cell-of-origin for BRAF fusion-positive cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma.
Clinical and molecular characterization of COVID-19 hospitalized patients
Authors: Benetti Elisa , Giliberti Annarita , Emiliozzi Arianna , Valentino Floriana , Bergantini Laura , Fallerini Chiara , Anedda Federico , Amitrano Sara , Conticini Edoardo , Tita Rossella , d’Alessandro Miriana , Fava Francesca , Marcantonio Simona , Baldassarri Margherita , Bruttini Mirella , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Montagnani Francesca , Mandalà Marco , Bargagli Elena , Furini Simone ,   GEN-COVID Multicenter Study, Renieri Alessandra , Mari Francesca
Published: November 2020

Clinical and molecular characterization by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) is reported in 35 COVID-19 patients attending the University Hospital in Siena, Italy, from April 7 to May 7, 2020. Eighty percent of patients required respiratory assistance, half of them being on mechanical ventilation. Fiftyone percent had hepatic involvement and hyposmia was ascertained in 3 patients. Searching for common genes by collapsing methods against 150 WES of controls of the Italian population failed to give straightforward statistically significant results with the exception of two genes. This result is not unexpected since we are facing the most challenging common disorder triggered by environmental factors with a strong underlying heritability (50%). The lesson learned from Autism-Spectrum-Disorders prompted us to re-analyse the cohort treating each patient as an independent case, following a Mendelian-like model. We identified for each patient an average of 2.5 pathogenic mutations involved in virus infection susceptibility and pinpointing to one or more rare disorder(s). To our knowledge, this is the first report on WES and COVID-19. Our results suggest a combined model for COVID-19 susceptibility with a number of common susceptibility genes which represent the favorite background in which additional host private mutations may determine disease progression.
McDreamy is McDead: Fan responses to a parasocial break-up
Authors: Kretz Valerie Ellen
Published: November 2020

Grounded in scholarship regarding post-object fandom, parasocial break-ups and parasocial grief, this research explored tweets regarding the death of a long-running, central character on the TV show Grey’s Anatomy. A theory-driven thematic analysis revealed five major themes including: emotional expressions of grief, recovery and coping, advocating, not wanting to watch, and memorializing, each encompassing various subthemes. Fans expressed these responses with varying levels of intensity. The results suggest that there are fan responses to a parasocial break-up, especially a parasocial death, not suggested in prior studies that should be examined in future research. Furthermore, a parasocial break-up can be a powerful experience for fans even disrupting their everyday lives.
DYNAMICS OF EXPENDITURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF MUNICIPAL MULTIPROFILE HOSPITALS
Authors: Kukov Yuriy , Yaneva Rumyana
Published: November 2020

In the context of a social market economy, one of the aspects of managing the economyof a health establishment is the analysis of its costs — from the point of view of production and saleof the product of the institution.The problem of efficient use of available resources and optimization of financial results ofhospitals due to their chronic lack of financial resources is currently relevant.One of the leading characteristics of a social market economy is that it connects the creativeforces of the free market with the protective measures of social legislation.The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the costs for the activity of the hospitalsof Municipal multi-profile hospitals for active treatment of the public health system in the Republicof Bulgaria in the conditions of social market economy.Municipal hospitals are the only sustainable healthcare facilities with significant capacity toprovide affordable healthcare.
O ensino da avaliação de redações escolares a partir do léxico
Authors: Seide Marcia Sipavicius
Published: November 2020

Pesquisa fomentada pela Unesco (ATORRESI et. al., 2010) indicou que redações escolares produzidas por alunos brasileiros apresentam um nível elevado de falhas por inadequação lexical. Análise de redações produzidas por alunos da região oeste do estado do Paraná corroborou o resultado da pesquisa prévia da Unesco (SEIDE; DURÃO, 2016). Para melhor compreensão deste problema, foi realizada uma oficina de correção textual em 2014 com alunos e ex-alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Letras de uma universidade pública da região. Os dados mostraram que o componente lexical foi subnotificado pelos participantes, isto é, muitas inadequações lexicais não foram sequer percebidas. Análise posterior do currículo do curso revelou que o componente lexical não era ensinado como um dos critérios de correção textual. Tendo isto em vista, foi elaborado e aplicado, na disciplina de Lexicologia da Língua Portuguesa, um módulo didático baseado na Abordagem Lexical (LEWIS, 2002) no primeiro semestre de 2019 no quarto ano da licenciatura da mesma universidade na qual foi feita a oficina em 2014. Os resultados obtidos mediante comparação das avaliações de duas redações escolares feitas pelas alunas da disciplina mostra que, na média, a percepção tanto de blocos bem formados (combinações lexicais que o uso tornou convencionais) quanto de blocos mal formados (combinações lexicais não convencionais) dobrou ao final do módulo. Isto significa que a aplicação do módulo didático foi capaz de aumentar a percepção e a avaliação do uso de blocos de palavras em redações escolares por parte das alunas que participaram do módulo.
Combining expertise from linguistics and tourism: a tale of two cities
Authors: Háhn Judit , Radke Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

This case study presents the results of an interdisciplinary Virtual Exchange (VE) that was arranged between Finnish and Polish students in 2019. During their six-week collaboration, the students of language studies at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, worked in teams together with their Polish peers specialising in information and communications technology and management in tourism at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. The international teams combined their linguistic and tourism-promotion expertise, and, using collaborative digital tools, grappled with the tasks of analysing the official municipal city websites and promoting the lesser-known aspects of their sister cities (Jyväskylä and Poznań) in jointly created videos.
Pedagogical and Legal Activities Taken in Poland Towards People Addicted to Alcohol
Authors: Karaszewska Hanna , Rajewska de Mezer Joanna , Silecka-Marek Ewelina
Published: November 2020

The issue of alcohol consumption, addiction to it, and causes and effects of this phenomenon have already been explored many times. The article describes current pedagogical and legal activities taken in Poland towards people addicted to alcohol and related controversy . The authors drew attention to a number of problems concerning with alcohol addiction for an alcohol abuse person and his family. Starting from the current law on upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism because it takes up issues related to treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of people addicted to alcohol. There are institutions established on its basis and take up actions aimed at diagnosing the problem of an individual’s addiction to alcohol, leading to a ruling and requiring the person addicted to alcohol to undergo treatment. In the article the stages of treatment have been described in detail, requriments, important person for example probation officer and possible to receive treatment from non-governmental organizations that help those addicted and thus create an option for those addicted to alcohol to self-organize. The authors emphasized that the process of freeing from alcohol addiction is incredibly difficult and sometimes prolonged. Thus, the compulsory character of rehab treatment sparks a lot of controversy, as it contradicts the right to self-determination, i.e. independent decision of the person addicted to take up the treatment. There is a need to search new solutions in this respect, develop tools that increase the effectiveness of activities taken towards those addicted and exchange experiences on the global scale.
McJob – między dehumanizacją pracy a wstępem do kariery zawodowej
Authors: Sobczak Anna
Published: November 2020

The service sector plays an increasingly important role in modern society, called a consumer society. Nowadays we want to get everything easily and quickly. That is why the fast-food industry, specially McDonald’s company become more and more popular. Work in fast-food restaurants (but not only there) is called a McJob. The term is commonly defined as a low-paid, unskilled, entry-level job with few prospects, one that requires zero creative or intellectual involvement. McJobs are usually filled by young people. This article tries to answer the question whether employment of this type means dehumanization of work or whether it can be an introduction to a professional career.