bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Perception of Neoclassical, Eclectic, Modernist, and Postmodern Architecture within Different Urban Landscapes: Athens vs. Paris
Authors: Chesné Amaury , Ioannidis Romanos
Published: March 2024

The public perception of buildings belonging to different architectural movements is a largely unexplored area from a quantitative scientific perspective. However, a better scientific understanding of perceptions of architectural movements is important for the formation of improved planning and design policies. In this work, we carry out an initial exploration of the public preferences of the architectural movements of Neoclassicism, Eclecticism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. To this aim, a total of 103 citizens from Athens (Greece) and Paris (France) were presented with the same questions regarding their opinions on buildings belonging to those movements. In the analysis and interpretation of the collected data, the different cultural, professional, and demographic characteristics of participants were then considered, as well as the role of the urban landscapes of Athens and Paris as the historical, societal, and aesthetic contexts that influence and shape perceptions. The results demonstrated a clear and uniform prevalence of Neoclassical architecture in terms of positive public perception in both cities. Similarly, in both cities, Eclecticism followed with a relatively more positive perception than Modern and Postmodern architectural styles, which were rated the lowest. However, a significant difference between the two cities was that when participants singled out their primary favorite style, Modernism enjoyed higher favorability in Athens than in Paris. These findings and their theoretical exploration provide inferences into the complexities of public perceptions of architectural styles, with potential implications for the integration of citizen preferences into future research on architectural/urban design and planning.
Exploring Creativity and Extravagance: The Case of Double Suffixation in English
Authors: Koliopoulou Maria , Walker Jim
Published: March 2024

There has been a recent focus in studies of English morphology on the concept of extravagance as applied to word formation, and on the interplay between extravagance and creativity. This article examines this issue, taking as a test case the phenomenon of double suffixation of phrasal verbs. While double-ER suffixation (fixer-upper, helper-outer) has attracted substantial interest in the literature, less has been said about other suffixes. This article provides data that demonstrate that double suffixation occurs with -ERY, -AGE, -EE and -ABLE suffixes. As such, double suffixation can be seen as a genuine word formation template, rather than a phenomenon restricted to a single suffix. Furthermore, examination of the data enables a reflection on the interactions between the concepts of productivity, creativity and extravagance. We propose to see these concepts not just as three overlapping notions, but rather as points on a creativity scale. To underscore the parallels between them, we propose to see them successively as F-creativity, E-creativity and X-creativity.
Dynamic Effect Analysis of Cryogenic Solid-Lubricated Ball Bearings with Geometrical-Frictional Defects
Authors: Zhao Yuhao , Chen Zhenyi , Zi Yanyang , Zhang Mingquan , Tang Tao
Published: March 2024

The traction behavior in cryogenic solid-lubricated ball bearings (CSLBBs) of liquid rocket engines (LREs) has a significant effect on the dynamic response of the bearing–rotor system. To reveal the fault mechanism of CSLBBs, a tribo-dynamic model is proposed in this paper that considers the solid-lubricated traction, six-DOF motion of the ball and contact collisions between the ball and the cage. The modified traction model uses fan-shaped and arched sections to discretize the contact area to eliminate the meshing error. The newly developed fault model, called ‘geometrical-frictional defects’, can more realistically represent solid-lubrication coating defects. The results show that the frictional excitation can significantly increase bearing vibration by increasing the traction force on the raceway. The change in the amplitude of the bearing vibration and its derivative can be used as a reference to determine the depth of defects. The width of the defect can be diagnosed by monitoring the double-pulse time interval and spectrum of the bearing vibration signal. This research may provide some theoretical guidance for the design and condition monitoring of CSLBBs.
Calculation and Analysis of Equilibrium Position of Aerostatic Bearings Based on Bivariate Interpolation Method
Authors: Li Shuai , Huang Yafu , Yu Hechun , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Guoqing , Kou Xinjun , Zhang Suxiang , Li Youhua
Published: March 2024

The solution of equilibrium positions is a critical component in the calculation of the dynamic characteristic coefficients of aerostatic bearings. The movement of the rotor in one direction leads to bidirectional variations in the air film force, resulting in low efficiency when using conventional calculation methods. It can even lead to iterative divergence if the initial value is improperly selected. This study concentrates on the orifice throttling aerostatic bearings and proposes a novel method called the bivariate interpolation method (BIM) to calculate the equilibrium position. The equilibrium equation for the rotor under the combined influence of air film forces, gravity, and external loads is established. A calculation program based on the finite difference method is developed to determine the equilibrium position. The process of solving the equilibrium position and the convergence is compared with the secant method and the search method. Furthermore, the variation trend of the equilibrium position and stiffness when the external loads changes are studied based on the BIM. Finally, the correctness of the BIM to solve the equilibrium position is proved by comparing it with the experiment results. The calculation results indicate that the BIM successfully resolves the problem of initial value selection and exhibits superior computational efficiency and accuracy. The equilibrium position initially moves away from the direction of the external load as the load increases, and then this gradually approaches the load direction. The main stiffness increases with increases in the external load, while the variation in cross stiffness depends on the direction of the external load.
Anisotropic Moser–Trudinger-Type Inequality with Logarithmic Weight
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Jie
Published: March 2024

Our main purpose in this paper is to study the anisotropic Moser–Trudinger-type inequalities with logarithmic weight ωβ(x)=[−lnFo(x)|(n−1)β. This can be seen as a generation result of the isotropic Moser–Trudinger inequality with logarithmic weight. Furthermore, we obtain the existence of extremal function when β is small. Finally, we give Lions’ concentration-compactness principle, which is the improvement of the anisotropic Moser–Trudinger-type inequality.
Analysing the Hidden Relationship between Long-Distance Transport and Information and Communication Technology Use through a Fuzzy Clustering Eco-Extended Apostle Model
Authors: Christidis Panayotis , Martín Juan Carlos , Román Concepción
Published: March 2024

The study analyses the hidden relationship between transport and ICT use for an extensive sample of 26,500 EU citizens. To that aim, a fuzzy clustering Eco-extended apostle model is applied to both latent variables: interurban transport trips and ICT use. The interurban long-distance trip (LDT) latent variable is measured by four different indicators (long- and medium-distance trips for work and leisure in the past twelve months), and the ICT use is based on a ten-item scale that provides information on different transport modes. The fuzzy Eco-extended apostle model is compared with the classical apostle model, translating the satisfaction and loyalty dimensions to our case. The fuzzy clustering model shows that most EU citizens are similar to the representative citizen who moved and used ICT at very low rates (56.5 and 50.4 per cent, respectively). The classical apostle model shows that the quadrants low LDT–high ICT and low LDT–low ICT are more represented by 38.5 and 35.2 per cent, respectively. However, the Eco-extended apostle model reinforces the results of the quadrant of low LDT–low ICT (40.22%) but softens those obtained in the quadrant of low LDT–high ICT (21.01%). Interesting insights of the effects of gender, age, education, and employment status are discussed.
Unlocking the Dietary Puzzle: How Macronutrient Intake Shapes the Relationship between Visfatin and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kärberg Kati , Forbes Alastair , Lember Margus
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives. Optimal nutrition for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aims to improve glycemic control by promoting weight loss and reducing adipose tissue, consequently improving cardiovascular health. Dietary alterations can influence adipose tissue metabolism and potentially impact adipocytokines like visfatin, thereby affecting atherosclerosis development. This study aimed to investigate dietary habits and adherence to recommendations among individuals with T2DM and to examine how dietary adherence influences the association between visfatin and subclinical atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study involved 216 adults (30–70 years) with T2DM, assessing dietary habits, adherence to recommendations (carbohydrates, fats, protein, fiber, saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid (PUFA and MUFA) and salt), and the association between visfatin and subclinical atherosclerosis. Participants completed 24 h dietary recalls; dietary misreporting was assessed using the Goldberg cut-off method. Carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and plaque occurrence were evaluated with ultrasound, while visfatin levels were measured using Luminex’s xMAP technology. Results: Three of the eight recommendations were followed in 31% of subjects, two in 26%, and four in 20%, with the highest adherence to MUFA and protein intake. Significant correlations between IMT and visfatin were observed in individuals with specific dietary patterns. The association between IMT and visfatin persisted when PUFA and MUFA intake aligned with recommendations. PUFA intake ≤ 10% and MUFA ≤ 20% of total energy significantly correlated with carotid artery IMT (p = 0.010 and p = 0.006, respectively). Visfatin’s associations with IMT remained significant (p = 0.006) after adjusting for common risk factors, medication use, and dietary nonadherence. No association was observed with carotid artery plaque. Conclusions: Dietary compliance was limited, as only 31% adhered even to three of eight recommendations. A common dietary pattern characterized by low carbohydrate and fiber but high fat, total fat, saturated fat, and salt intake was identified. This pattern amplifies the statistical association between visfatin and subclinical atherosclerosis.
In Vitro Assessment of the Neuro-Compatibility of Fe-20Mn as a Potential Bioresorbable Material for Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Ajami Sara , Kraaneveld Charlotte , Koudstaal Maarten , Dunaway David , Jeelani Noor Ul Owase , Schievano Silvia , Bregoli Chiara , Fiocchi Jacopo , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Tuissi Ausonio , Borghi Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Spring-assisted surgery is a popular option for the treatment of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. The main drawback of this procedure is the need for a second surgery for spring removal, which could be avoided if a distractor material could be metabolised over time. Iron–Manganese alloys (FeMn) have a good trade-off between degradation rate and strength; however, their biocompatibility is still debated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the neuro-compatibility of Fe-20Mn (wt.%) was assessed using standard assays. PC-12 cells were exposed to Fe-20Mn (wt.%) and stainless steel via indirect contact. To examine the cytotoxicity, a Cell Tox Green assay was carried out after 1, 2, and 3 days of incubation. Following differentiation, a neurite morphological examination after 1 and 7 days of incubation time was carried out. The degradation response in modified Hank’s solution at 1, 3, and 7 days was investigated, too. Results: The cytotoxicity assay showed a higher toxicity of Fe-20Mn than stainless steel at earlier time points; however, at the latest time point, no differences were found. Neurite morphology was similar for cells exposed to Fe-20Mn and stainless steel. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Fe-20Mn alloy shows promising neuro-compatibility. Future studies will focus on in vivo studies to confirm the cellular response to Fe-20Mn.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Relation to Diabetes Markers in Saudi Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Aljuraiban Ghadeer S. , Alharbi Fahad J. , Aljohi Ali O. , Almeshari Abdullah Z. , Alotaibi Masoud N. , AlShammari Salem S. , Al-Musharaf Sara , Aldhwayan Madhawi M. , Abudawood Manal
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives: Low-grade inflammation is associated with metabolic disturbances like diabetes. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been proposed as a predictive tool to identify individuals at a greater risk of diabetes. This study aims to examine the association between SII and diabetes markers. Method and materials: We used retrospective data from a large cohort of adults (n = 3895) aged ≥18 in Saudi Arabia. The SII was calculated, and the markers of diabetes such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were included. Results: Across the quartiles of SII, FBG, insulin, and HbA1c were significantly higher in adults with higher compared to lower SII (p < 0.0001, p = 0.04, p < 0.0001, respectively). A two SD higher FBG was significantly associated with an SII difference of 47.7 (95% CI: (15.5, 91.9)). In subgroup analysis, this relationship prevailed in normal-weight participants and among those with normoglycemia and prediabetes but was attenuated in participants with diabetes. The association also prevailed in separate analyses for males and females but was stronger among females. Linear regression models showed no significant association between insulin, HbA1c, and SII. Conclusions: SII was associated with the markers of diabetes. The utility of SII for predicting diabetes can be confirmed with prospective cohort studies.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of the Quenching Process for Ti Microalloying H13 Steel Used to Shield Machine Cutter Rings
Authors: Feng Xingwang , Wang Yunxin , Han Jinxin , Li Zhipeng , Jiang Likun , Yang Bin
Published: March 2024

Owing to the non-uniform distribution of chemical composition and temperature during the heat treatment process, the residual stress and deformation of the workpiece emerge as crucial factors requiring consideration in managing the service performance and lifespan of shield machine cutter rings crafted from H13 steel. Considering H13 steel with titanium microalloying as the research object for the shield machine cutter ring, we simulate the quenching process using Deform-3D. The temperature field, phase transformation, stress evolution, and deformation amount after quenching are analyzed. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the simulation and experimental results, offering valuable insights for optimizing the heat treatment process and enhancing the overall performance of shield machine cutter rings.
Single-Ended Eddy Current Micro-Displacement Sensor with High Precision Based on Temperature Compensation
Authors: Xu Zhengping , Feng Yongtong , Liu Yi , Shi Fengxin , Ge Yang , Liu Han , Cao Wei , Zhou Hong , Geng Shuang , Lin Wenqi
Published: March 2024

To measure the micro-displacement reliably with high precision, a single-ended eddy current sensor based on temperature compensation was studied in detail. At first, the principle of the eddy current sensor was introduced, and the manufacturing method of the probe was given. The overall design plan for the processing circuit was induced by analyzing the characteristics of the probe output signal. The variation in the probe output signal was converted to pulses with different widths, and then it was introduced to the digital phase discriminator along with a reference signal. The output from the digital phase discriminator was processed by a low-pass filter to obtain the DC component. At last, the signal was amplified and compensated to reduce the influence of temperature. The selection criteria of the frequency of the exciting signal and the design of the signal conditioning circuit were described in detail, as well as the design of the temperature-compensating circuit based on the digital potentiometer with an embedded temperature sensor. Finally, an experimental setup was constructed to test the sensor, and the results were given. The results show that nonlinearity exists in the single-ended eddy current sensor with a large range. When the range is 500 μm, the resolution can reach 46 nm, and the repeatability error is ±0.70% FR. Within the temperature range from +2 °C to +58 °C, the voltage fluctuation in the sensor is reduced to 44 mV after temperature compensation compared to the value of 586 mV before compensation. The proposed plan is verified to be feasible, and the measuring range, precision, and target material should be considered in real-world applications.
Weathering Intensity, Paleoclimatic, and Progressive Expansion of Bottom-Water Anoxia in the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation, Southern Tethys: Geochemical Perspectives
Authors: Mansour Ahmed , Martizzi Paolo , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Chiyonobu Shun , Gentzis Thomas
Published: March 2024

The Jurassic Period was a significant phase of variable organic matter accumulation in paleo-shelf areas of the southern Tethys (Egypt). Reconstructing the paleoredox conditions, paleoclimate, and weathering intensity, along with the role of terrigenous sediment flux and mineralogical maturity, is important for understanding basin infill history and prevalent paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, inorganic geochemical data are presented from the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation and two samples from the underlying Ras Qattara and the overlying Masajid formations in the Jana-1x well, Shushan Basin, Western Desert. Twenty-four (24) whole-rock samples were analyzed for their major and trace element composition and carbonate content. The Khatatba Formation represents one of the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Western Desert, Egypt. Redox conditions were assessed based on enrichment factors of redox-sensitive elements Mo, V, U, and Co. Results revealed that the Khatatba Formation was deposited under predominant anoxic bottom and pore water conditions, in contrast to the oxic settings that were prevalent during the deposition of the Ras Qattara and Masajid formations. Continental weathering intensity and paleoclimate were reconstructed based on several proxies, such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), K2O/Rb, Rb/Sr, Ln(Al2O3/Na2O), and Al/K ratios, indicating that the studied succession was deposited during alternating phases between weak and moderate weathering intensity under arid and warm-humid climates, respectively. Periods of enhanced continental weathering were associated with high values of clastic ratios such as Si/Al, Ti/Al, and Zr/Al, suggesting increased terrigenous sediment supply during intensified hydrological cycling. These ratios further provided inferences about the changes in sediment grain size, such as a change from shale to coarse silt- and sand-size fractions.
Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development
Authors: Bursch Karina L. , Goetz Christopher J. , Smith Brian C.
Published: March 2024

Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Genotoxicity, and Antifungal and Antibacterial Studies of Ni(II) and Cd(II) Pyrazole Amide Coordination Complexes
Authors: El Mahdaoui Amal , Radi Smaail , Draoui Youssef , El Massaoudi Mohamed , Ouahhoud Sabir , Asehraou Abdeslam , Bentouhami Nour Eddine , Saalaoui Ennouamane , Benabbes Redouane , Robeyns Koen , Garcia Yann
Published: March 2024

In this study, we synthesized two coordination complexes based on pyrazole-based ligands, namely 1,5-dimethyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (L1) and 1,5-dimethyl-N-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (L2), with the aim to investigate bio-inorganic properties. Their crystal structures revealed a mononuclear complex [Ni(L1)2](ClO4)2 (C1) and a dinuclear complex [Cd2(L2)2]Cl4 (C2). Very competitive antifungal and anti-Fusarium activities were found compared to the reference standard cycloheximide. Additionally, L1 and L2 present very weak genotoxicity in contrast to the observed increase in genotoxicity for the coordination complexes C1 and C2.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Novel Pyrimidine Acrylamides as Inhibitors of Lipoxygenase: Molecular Modeling and In Silico Physicochemical Studies
Authors: Saragatsis Michail , Pontiki Eleni
Published: March 2024

The pyrimidine ring is present in various biomolecules such as DNA and RNA bases, aminoacids, vitamins, etc. Additionally, many clinically used drugs including methotrexate and risperidone contain the pyrimidine heterocyclic scaffold as well. Pyrimidine derivatives present diverse biological activities including antioxidant and anticancer activities and can be considered as privileged scaffolds in drug discovery for the treatment of various diseases. Piperidine pyrimidine amides have gained significant attention due to their enzymatic inhibitory activity. Based on our experience and ongoing investigation on cinnamic acid derivatives, their hybrids and substituted pteridines acting as lipoxygenase inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory agents a series of novel piperidine pyrimidine cinnamic acids amides have been designed and synthesized. The novel hybrids were studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. They exhibit moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay which may be related to their bulkiness. Moreover, moderate to good lipid peroxidation inhibition potential was measured. With regards to their lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, however, two highly potent inhibitors out of the nine tested derivatives were identified, demonstrating IC50 values of 10.7 μM and 1.1 μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies to the target enzyme lipoxygenase support the experimental results.
Hydrothermal Treatment of Wheat Bran under Mild Acidic or Alkaline Conditions for Enhanced Polyphenol Recovery and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Papadaki Eirini , Grigorakis Spyros , Palaiogiannis Dimitrios , Lalas Stavros I. , Mitlianga Paraskevi
Published: March 2024

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatments under mild acid and alkaline conditions on polyphenol release and recovery from wheat bran (WB). After an initial screening of various food-grade substances, strong evidence was raised regarding the potency of citric acid and sodium carbonate to provide WB extracts exceptionally enriched in polyphenols. Thus, these two catalysts were tested under various time and temperature combinations, and the processes were described by linear models based on severity factor. The most effective treatments were those performed with 10% of either citric acid or sodium carbonate, at a constant temperature of 90 °C for 24 h, providing yields in total polyphenols of 23.76 and 23.60 mg g−1 dry mass of ferulic acid equivalents, respectively. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses revealed that, while the sodium carbonate treatment afforded extracts enriched in ferulic acid, treatments with citric acid gave extracts enriched in a ferulate pentose ester. The extracts produced from those treatments also exhibited diversified antioxidant characteristics, a fact ascribed to the different polyphenolic composition. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the effective release of ferulic acid and a ferulate pentose ester from WB, using benign acid and alkali catalysts, such as citric acid and sodium carbonate.
A Brief Review of Recent Theoretical Advances in Fe-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Tang Haoxiang , Qiu Tongyue , Wang Xuerui , Zhang Chundong , Zhang Zunmin
Published: March 2024

Catalytic hydrogenation presents a promising approach for converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels, crucial for climate change mitigation. Iron-based catalysts have emerged as key contributors, particularly in driving the reverse water–gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactions. Recent research has focused on enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of these catalysts by incorporating alkali metal promoters or transition metal dopants, enabling precise adjustments to their composition and properties. This review synthesizes recent theoretical advancements in CO2 hydrogenation with iron-based catalysts, employing density functional theory and microkinetic modeling. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving metallic iron, iron oxides, and iron carbides, we address current challenges and provide insights for future sustainable CO2 hydrogenation developments.
Fluorimetric Detection of Insulin Misfolding by Probes Derived from Functionalized Fluorene Frameworks
Authors: Sarabia-Vallejo Álvaro , Molina Ana , Martínez-Orts Mónica , D’Onofrio Alice , Staderini Matteo , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Martín M. Antonia , Olives Ana I. , Menéndez J. Carlos
Published: March 2024

A group of functionalized fluorene derivatives that are structurally similar to the cellular prion protein ligand N,N′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis [2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide] (GN8) have been synthesized. These compounds show remarkable native fluorescence due to the fluorene ring. The substituents introduced at positions 2 and 7 of the fluorene moiety are sufficiently flexible to accommodate the beta-conformational folding that develops in amyloidogenic proteins. Changes in the native fluorescence of these fluorene derivatives provide evidence of transformations in the amyloidogenic aggregation processes of insulin. The increase observed in the fluorescence intensity of the sensors in the presence of native insulin or amyloid aggregates suggest their potential use as fluorescence probes for detecting abnormal conformations; therefore, the compounds can be proposed for use as “turn-on” fluorescence sensors. Protein–sensor dissociation constants are in the 5–10 μM range and an intermolecular charge transfer process between the protein and the sensors can be successfully exploited for the sensitive detection of abnormal insulin conformations. The values obtained for the Stern–Volmer quenching constant for compound 4 as a consequence of the sensor–protein interaction are comparable to those obtained for the reference compound GN8. Fluorene derivatives showed good performance in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they show antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP and DPPH assays.
Redox Reactivity of Nonsymbiotic Phytoglobins towards Nitrite
Authors: Zagrean-Tuza Cezara , Pato Galaba , Damian Grigore , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu , Mot Augustin C.
Published: March 2024

Nonsymbiotic phytoglobins (nsHbs) are a diverse superfamily of hemoproteins grouped into three different classes (1, 2, and 3) based on their sequences. Class 1 Hb are expressed under hypoxia, osmotic stress, and/or nitric oxide exposure, while class 2 Hb are induced by cold stress and cytokinins. Both are mainly six-coordinated. The deoxygenated forms of the class 1 and 2 nsHbs from A. thaliana (AtHb1 and AtHb2) are able to reduce nitrite to nitric oxide via a mechanism analogous to other known globins. NsHbs provide a viable pH-dependent pathway for NO generation during severe hypoxia via nitrite reductase-like activity with higher rate constants compared to mammalian globins. These high kinetic parameters, along with the relatively high concentrations of nitrite present during hypoxia, suggest that plant hemoglobins could indeed serve as anaerobic nitrite reductases in vivo. The third class of nsHb, also known as truncated hemoglobins, have a compact 2/2 structure and are pentacoordinated, and their exact physiological role remains mostly unknown. To date, no reports are available on the nitrite reductase activity of the truncated AtHb3. In the present work, three representative nsHbs of the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana are presented, and their nitrite reductase-like activity and involvement in nitrosative stress is discussed. The reaction kinetics and mechanism of nitrite reduction by nsHbs (deoxy and oxy form) at different pHs were studied by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, along with EPR spectroscopy. The reduction of nitrite requires an electron supply, and it is favored in acidic conditions. This reaction is critically affected by molecular oxygen, since oxyAtHb will catalyze nitric oxide deoxygenation. The process displays unique autocatalytic kinetics with metAtHb and nitrate as end-products for AtHb1 and AtHb2 but not for the truncated one, in contrast with mammalian globins.
tert-Butyl Nitrite-Induced Radical Nitrile Oxidation Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Isoxazole/Isoxazoline-Fused Benzo 6/7/8-membered Oxacyclic Ketones
Authors: Cao Jian-Kang , Cao Tian-Zheng , Yue Qian-Wen , Ma Ying , Yang Chuan-Ming , Zhang Hong-Xi , Li Ya-Chen , Dong Qiao-Ke , Zhu Yan-Ping , Sun Yuan-Yuan
Published: March 2024

A practical metal-free and additive-free approach for the synthesis of 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketone-fused isoxazoles/isoxazolines tetracyclic or tricyclic structures is reported through Csp3–H bond radical nitrile oxidation and the intramolecular cycloaddition of alkenyl/alkynyl-substituted aryl methyl ketones. This convenient approach enables the simultaneous formation of isoxazole/isoxazoline and 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketones to form polycyclic architectures by using tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a non-metallic radical initiator and N–O fragment donor.
Constructing Efficient CuO-Based CO Oxidation Catalysts with Large Specific Surface Area Mesoporous CeO2 Nanosphere Support
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Zhao Fen , Yang Hui , Yin Siyuan , Wu Cai-E , Zhou Tingting , Xu Jingxin , Xu Leilei , Chen Mindong
Published: March 2024

CeO2 is an outstanding support commonly used for the CuO-based CO oxidation catalysts due to its excellent redox property and oxygen storage–release property. However, the inherently small specific surface area of CeO2 support restricts the further enhancement of its catalytic performance. In this work, the novel mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere with a large specific surface area (~190.4 m2/g) was facilely synthesized by the improved hydrothermal method. The large specific surface area of mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere could be successfully maintained even at high temperatures up to 500 °C, exhibiting excellent thermal stability. Then, a series of CuO-based CO oxidation catalysts were prepared with the mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere as the support. The large surface area of the mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere support could greatly promote the dispersion of CuO active sites. The effects of the CuO loading amount, the calcination temperature, mesostructure, and redox property on the performances of CO oxidation were systematically investigated. It was found that high Cu+ concentration and lattice oxygen content in mesoporous CuO/CeO2 nanosphere catalysts greatly contributed to enhancing the performances of CO oxidation. Therefore, the present mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere with its large specific surface area was considered a promising support for advanced CO oxidation and even other industrial catalysts.
Alginate-Based Encapsulation Fabrication Technique for Drug Delivery: An Updated Review of Particle Type, Formulation Technique, Pharmaceutical Ingredient, and Targeted Delivery System
Authors: Lai Joanne , Azad Abul Kalam , Sulaiman Wan Mohd Azizi Wan , Kumarasamy Vinoth , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Alshehade Salah Abdalrazak
Published: March 2024

Alginate is a natural biopolymer widely studied for pharmaceutical applications due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, and mild gelation abilities. This review summarizes recent advances in alginate-based encapsulation systems for targeted drug delivery. Alginate formulations like microparticles, nanoparticles, microgels, and composites fabricated by methods including ionic gelation, emulsification, spray drying, and freeze drying enable tailored drug loading, enhanced stability, and sustained release kinetics. Alginate microspheres prepared by spray drying or ionic gelation provide gastric protection and colon-targeted release of orally delivered drugs. Alginate nanoparticles exhibit enhanced cellular uptake and tumor-targeting capabilities through the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Crosslinked alginate microgels allow high drug loading and controlled release profiles. Composite alginate gels with cellulose, chitosan, or inorganic nanomaterials display improved mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, and tunable release kinetics. Alginate-based wound dressings containing antimicrobial nanoparticles promote healing of burns and chronic wounds through sustained topical delivery. Although alginate is well-established as a pharmaceutical excipient, more extensive in vivo testing is needed to assess clinical safety and efficacy of emerging formulations prior to human trials. Future opportunities include engineered systems combining stimuli-responsiveness, active targeting, and diagnostic capabilities. In summary, this review discusses recent advances in alginate encapsulation techniques for oral, transdermal, and intravenous delivery, with an emphasis on approaches enabling targeted and sustained drug release for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Designing Lightweight 3D-Printable Bioinspired Structures for Enhanced Compression and Energy Absorption Properties
Authors: Harish Akhil , Alsaleh Naser A. , Ahmadein Mahmoud , Elfar Abdullah A. , Djuansjah Joy , Hassanin Hany , El-Sayed Mahmoud Ahmed , Essa Khamis
Published: March 2024

Recent progress in additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has offered several benefits, including high geometrical freedom and the ability to create bioinspired structures with intricate details. Mantis shrimp can scrape the shells of prey molluscs with its hammer-shaped stick, while beetles have highly adapted forewings that are lightweight, tough, and strong. This paper introduces a design approach for bioinspired lattice structures by mimicking the internal microstructures of a beetle’s forewing, a mantis shrimp’s shell, and a mantis shrimp’s dactyl club, with improved mechanical properties. Finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental characterisation of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples with bioinspired structures were performed to determine their compression and impact properties. The results showed that designing a bioinspired lattice with unit cells parallel to the load direction improved quasi-static compressive performance, among other lattice structures. The gyroid honeycomb lattice design of the insect forewings and mantis shrimp dactyl clubs outperformed the gyroid honeycomb design of the mantis shrimp shell, with improvements in ultimate mechanical strength, Young’s modulus, and drop weight impact. On the other hand, hybrid designs created by merging two different designs reduced bending deformation to control collapse during drop weight impact. This work holds promise for the development of bioinspired lattices employing designs with improved properties, which can have potential implications for lightweight high-performance applications.
Development of an Optical Sensor Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Selective Extracting Agent for the Direct Quantification of Tartrazine in Real Water Samples
Authors: Ruiz-Córdova Gerson A. , Vega-Chacón Jaime , Sotomayor Maria del Pilar Taboada , Tuesta Juan C. , Khan Sabir , Picasso Gino
Published: March 2024

This study presents a new optical sensor for tartrazine (TAR) quantification developed using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the recognition element, with optical fiber serving as the supporting substrate. The fiber surface was functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS), and the fiber was coated with MIP using the precipitation polymerization method. The analysis of MIP immobilization on the functionalized optical fiber (FF) was conducted through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Experimental parameters, such as contact time and fiber length, were adjusted in order to obtain the highest sensitive response signal for the functionalized optical fiber (FF-MIP). The fiber sensor, FF-MIP, exhibited a relatively higher response signal for tartrazine compared to other interfering dyes. The rapid and total desorption of the analyte from FF-MIP allowed the immediate reemployment of FF-MIP, which also presented an acceptable repeatability for the reflectance signal. The imprinting factors for the studied dyes were between 0.112 and 0.936 in front of TAR, 1.405, and selectivity factors were between 1.501 and 12.545, confirming the sensor selectivity. The FF-MIP sensor was successfully applied for tartrazine quantification in real water samples, where it yielded satisfactory results comparable to those of the HPLC reference method.
Newspaper Headlines and Intimate Partner Femicide in Portugal
Authors: Correia Ariana , Neves Sofia
Published: March 2024

The media’s representation of intimate partner femicides has been contributing to addressing gender-based violence as a structural phenomenon. Aiming to understand which crime elements are valued and how they might contribute to victim blaming, the present study explores the portrayal of intimate partner femicides in Portugal through the analysis of newspaper headlines. The core of the analysis comprises 853 newspaper headlines published between 2000 and 2017, which were subjected to a categorical content analysis. The results suggest two major trends that are aligned with the scope of the two newspapers analyzed. While some headlines offer informative perspectives on crime and its characteristics, the majority tend to sensationalize the narratives, potentially legitimizing violence against women. The results of this study enrich the social and academic debate on the media’s potential influence in preventing and combating gender-based violence. Moreover, by shedding light on the media’s representation of intimate partner femicides, the study reinforces the importance of a broader discussion on the role of journalism in fostering social change.
The Impact of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions on Corporate Organisational Resilience: Insights from Dynamic Capability Theory
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Huitong , Yang Peijin
Published: March 2024

Utilising panel data from Chinese listed companies between 2008 and 2020, this study employs propensity score matching (PSM) in conjunction with a multi-temporal difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the causal impacts of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the organisational resilience of enterprises. The findings reveal that while cross-border M&As augment company risk-taking and short-term financial volatility, they also bolster long-term growth, thereby enhancing overall organisational resilience. Cross-border M&As are particularly beneficial for bolstering organisational resilience in state-owned enterprises, non-manufacturing firms, and companies located in the eastern and central regions of China. Moreover, adhering to the principles of corporate social responsibility and possessing substantial market power are found to enhance the impact of cross-border M&As on organisational resilience. The results of this research hold important practical implications for companies seeking to improve organisational resilience and achieve sustainable development.
Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry
Authors: Okasha Hamada , Song Bochen , Song Zhigang
Published: March 2024

The presence of mycotoxins and their masked forms in chicken feed poses a significant threat to both productivity and health. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of mycotoxins on various aspects of chicken well-being, encompassing feed efficiency, growth, immunity, antioxidants, blood biochemistry, and internal organs. Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by fungi, can exert detrimental effects even at low levels of contamination. The hidden or masked forms of mycotoxins further complicate the situation, as they are not easily detected by conventional methods but can be converted into their toxic forms during digestion. Consequently, chickens are exposed to mycotoxin-related risks despite apparently low mycotoxin levels. The consequences of mycotoxin exposure in chickens include reduced feed efficiency, compromised growth rates, impaired immune function, altered antioxidant levels, disturbances in blood biochemical parameters, and adverse effects on internal organs. To mitigate these impacts, effective management strategies are essential, such as routine monitoring of feed ingredients and finished feeds, adherence to proper storage practices, and the implementation of feed detoxification methods and mycotoxin binders. Raising awareness of these hidden hazards is crucial for safeguarding chicken productivity and health.
Establishment and Application Prospect of Reverse Transcriptase Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Subgroup C Avian Metapneumovirus
Authors: Bai Yuhang , Wu Xiuhong , Liu Jiajia , Wang Zhanxin , Dong Mengyue , Li Tong , Dai Zhenkai , Li Hongxin , Xie Qingmei , Zhang Xinheng
Published: March 2024

Among broilers, the main pathogen that leads to swollen head syndrome (SHS) is the subgroup C avian metapneumovirus (aMPV-C). The aMPV-C infection can lead to an upsurge in the rate of soft-shell eggs, resulting in reduced egg production and seriously affecting the economy of the livestock industry. Therefore, a rapid method for aMPV-C detection needs to be invented. According to the N gene of aMPV-C, we designed the specific probe and primer and created a reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) for the detection of aMPV-C. aMPV-C could be detected quickly and specifically by this method at 41 °C for 30 min. The sensitivity assay inferred that the minimum detection threshold of RT-RAA was 3.38 × 101 copies/μL. A specificity assay showed that the RT-RAA method did not cross-react with other subgroups (aMPV-A, aMPV-B, aMPV-D) or other viruses (H9N2, NDV, IBV, IBDV). Forty samples of known clinical background were tested by RT-RAA and RT-qPCR. The two approaches had a 100% correlation rate. In conclusion, this research successfully created an RT-RAA assay for aMPV-C.
BI-TST_YOLOv5: Ground Defect Recognition Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5 Model
Authors: Qin Jiahao , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Tianyi , Bi Shuilan
Published: March 2024

Pavement defect detection technology stands as a pivotal component within intelligent driving systems, demanding heightened precision and rapid detection rates. Addressing the complexities arising from diverse defect types and intricate backgrounds in visual sensing, this study introduces an enhanced approach to augment the network structure and activation function within the foundational YOLOv5 algorithm. Initially, modifications to the YOLOv5′s architecture incorporate an adjustment to the Leaky ReLU activation function, thereby enhancing regression stability and accuracy. Subsequently, the integration of bi-level routing attention into the network’s head layer optimizes the attention mechanism, notably improving overall efficiency. Additionally, the replacement of the YOLOv5 backbone layer’s C3 module with the C3-TST module enhances initial convergence efficiency in target detection. Comparative analysis against the original YOLOv5s network reveals a 2% enhancement in map50 and a 1.8% improvement in F1, signifying an overall advancement in network performance. The initial convergence rate of the algorithm has been improved, and the accuracy and operational efficiency have also been greatly improved, especially on models with small-scale training sets.
Vilniaus plėtra ir gyvenamosios infrastruktūros raida 1875–1939 metais
Authors: Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita , Polkaitė-Petkevičienė Giedrė
Published: March 2024

The article examines the changes in the development and residential infrastructure of Vilnius between 1875 and 1939. It will complement the research on the development of the city’s sanitary infrastructure, expand and enrich the research on the development and transformation
of housing in Vilnius. The article addresses the following questions: how Vilnius developed, how it coped with the challenges of urbanisation, how the residential infrastructure was modernised, and how household amenities changed.
Lietuvos studijų biuro veikla vokiečIų okupacijos metu,1941–1944 m.
Authors: Stasiulis Stanislovas
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the founding, functions, and activities of the Bureau of Lithuanian Studies and its subdivision, the Museum of the Red Terror, which worked during the German occupation of Lithuania (1941–1944) and is fragmentarily represented in historiography. The institution discussed performed three functions: archival, by collecting and accumulating materials about the first Soviet occupation in Lithuania; research, by analysing and publishing the collected material in its publication; and, finally, the museum function, by organising an exhibition and developing the idea of the Museum of Red Terror. The article states that during the entire period of occupation, the smooth functioning of the Bureau of Lithuanian Studies and the Museum of Red Terror subordinated to it was determined by the activities carried out by both institutions, which were favourable to both Lithuanian and German interests.
Sovietinė žemės reforma Lietuvoje 1944–1948 m.: politiniai ir socialiniai-ekonominiai aspektai
Authors: Pocius Mindaugas
Published: March 2024

Based on Russian archival materials and other sources, the article reveals and analyses the political and social-economic aspects of the Soviet land reform of 1944–1948, examines statistical quantitative indicators. It seeks to reinterpret and reassess the objectives, the course, and the consequences of the land reform and to show how the socio-economic structure of the rural society was being changed and what it became. The results of the study suggest that it is reasonable to conclude that after the reform, Lithuania was dominated by small rather than medium-sized farms as claimed by Soviet historiography and the Soviet authorities. This was the result of a targeted and ollectivisation-oriented policy of the leadership of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and not the result of land shortage. The land reform can be seen as a social revolution, which led to radical qualitative socio-economic changes in the countryside, but the political goal of winning over a larger part of the peasantry to their side was not achieved.