bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary accounting documents as a basis for ensuring the economic security of small and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Банк С.В. , Вакуленко В.Ф.
Published: March 2022

Обеспечение экономической безопасности - первостепенное условие постоянства и результативности деятельности компании. В современной реальности, когда процветает недобросовестная конкуренция, популяризирована коррупция, распространен уход деятельности в сектор теневой экономики, важность обеспечения экономической безопасности на должном уровне возрастает. Способы, определенные законодателем, давая возможность целесообразно управлять компанией, в свою очередь, представляют собой угрозу для экономической безопасности. Компания самостоятельно принимает решение о применении элементов бухгалтерского учета, о том, что включает в себя учетная политика, что обуславливают процедуры внутреннего контроля.

Ensuring economic security is the primary condition for the consistency and effectiveness of the company's activities. In modern reality, when unfair competition is flourishing, corruption is popularized, activities are widespread in the shadow economy, the importance of ensuring economic security at the proper level increases. The ways defined by the legislator, making it possible to expediently manage the company, in turn, pose a threat to economic security. The company independently decides on the application of accounting elements, on what the accounting policy includes, and what determines the internal control procedures.
On the question of the logical organization of the methodology of statistics
Authors: Минашкин В.Г. , Коротков А.В.
Published: March 2022

Статья содержит развитие модели логической организации методологии статистики в части актуализации представления о структуре методологии в виде совокупности разделов и их наполнения конкретными инструментами. В учебной литературе по статистике содержится богатый и взаимодополняющий материал, всесторонне раскрывающий категорию методологии статистики, который позволяет, во-первых, обобщить известные результаты и, во-вторых, развить представление о содержании и структуре методологии статистики с тем, чтобы данная тема приобрела более завершенный вид.

The article contains the development of the model of the logical organization of the methodology of statistics in terms of updating the concept of the structure of the methodology in the form of a set of sections and their filling with specific tools. The educational literature on statistics contains rich and complementary material that comprehensively reveals the category of statistical methodology, which allows, firstly, to generalize the known results and, secondly, to develop an understanding of the content and structure of statistical methodology so that this topic becomes more complete. view.
Financial analysis in the system of tax control
Authors: Банк С.В.
Published: March 2022

Финансовый анализ как компонент целесообразного налогового контроля - это исследование единства налогов и сборов, которые уплачивает субъект предпринимательства в различные временные периоды, оценка налогового положения, дающее возможность минимизировать размер платежей. С методической точки зрения такой анализ проводится как комплексная оценка, которая объединяет определение аналитических задач, установление налоговой нагрузки, исследование соответствующих платежей, отбор путей оптимизации налогов и определение результативности от них. Расчетные данные с использование способов прогнозирования выступают одним из значимых оценочных компонентов в области исследование степени налоговых платежей, потенциальных финансовых последствий. Кроме того, все большую актуальность обретает использование информационно-компьютерного обеспечения при отборе оптимальных аналитических решений.

Financial analysis as a component of expedient tax control is a study of the unity of taxes and fees that a business entity pays in different time periods, an assessment of the tax situation, which makes it possible to minimize the amount of payments. From a methodological point of view, such an analysis is carried out as a comprehensive assessment that combines the definition of analytical tasks, the establishment of the tax burden, the study of relevant payments, the selection of ways to optimize taxes and determine the effectiveness of them. Estimated data using forecasting methods are one of the most significant evaluative components in the study of the degree of tax payments, potential financial consequences. In addition, the use of information and computer support in the selection of optimal analytical solutions is becoming increasingly important.
Analysis of prospects for the development of regional banks
Authors: Волкова Е.К.
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются аспекты, влияющие на деятельность региональных банков (на примере российской банковской системы). Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена наличием проблемы сохранения конкурентоспособности региональных банков на фоне повышения уровня концентрации банковского сектора, усиления роли крупных банков в глобальной финансовой экономике и влияния выраженных тенденций масштабной цифровизации банковского сектора. Целью исследования является обоснование направлений и перспектив развития региональных банков.

The article analyzes the aspects affecting the activities of regional banks (using the example of the Russian banking system). The relevance of the research topic is due to the presence of the problem of maintaining the competitiveness of regional banks against the background of an increase in the concentration of the banking sector, the strengthening of the role of large banks in the global financial economy and the influence of pronounced trends in large-scale digitalization of the banking sector. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions and prospects for the development of regional banks.
The Importance of Fincult: How to handle money during the SOVID-19 pandemic properly?
Authors: Савинова Е.А. , Мельникова В.Г.
Published: March 2022

В данной статье рассмотрено значение и определены основные задачи и способы привлечения интереса молодого поколения к вопросам бережного, разумного потребления, финансовой грамотности, особо подчеркивается актуальность повышения среди обучающихся уровня финансовой культуры во времена пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции СОVID-19. В рамках работы проведен анализ текущего уровня финансовой грамотности населения, выявлены проблемы управления личными финансами в контексте пандемии и кризиса, сформированы основные рекомендации в области финансового просвещения.

This article examines the importance and identifies the main tasks and ways to attract the interest of the younger generation to the issues of careful, reasonable consumption, financial literacy, emphasizes the relevance of raising the level of financial culture among students during the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. As part of the work, an analysis of the financial literacy of the population to date was carried out, the problems of managing private financial assets in the current conditions of a pandemic and crisis were identified, and the main recommendations in the field of financial education were formed.
Features of investing in ESG instruments, Russian and foreign experience
Authors: Стрельников Е.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье проанализирован мировой опыт к ESG-инвестированию, а также представлена характеристика подходов разных стран к финансовой политике в отношении развития и расширения рынка зеленых инвестиций. В рамках постановки цели и задач исследования определено рассмотрение возможностей развития рынка зеленых финансов в России на основе анализа европейского подхода и выявления конкретно российских особенностей экологического инвестирования. В особенности рассмотрен подход к зеленому инвестированию на региональном уровне. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы Банком России в качестве практически реализуемой меры по расширению российского рынка зеленых облигаций в рамках финансирования региональных проектов.

The article analyzes the world experience in ESG investment, and also presents a description of the approaches of different countries to financial policy in relation to the development and expansion of the green investment market. Within the framework of setting the goals and objectives of the study, it is determined to consider the possibilities of developing the green finance market in Russia based on the analysis of the European approach and the identification of specifically Russian features of environmental investment. In particular, the approach to green investment at the regional level is considered. The results of the study can be used by the Bank of Russia as a practically feasible measure to expand the Russian green bond market as part of financing regional projects.
The eaeu railway transport: current status and development prospects
Authors: Игнатова О.В. , Алексахина В.Г.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются аспекты функционирования железнодорожных систем стран ЕАЭС, анализируются причины сокращения грузооборота. Авторы рассматривают текущее состояние железнодорожного транспорта каждой из стран-участниц, выявляют сильные и слабые стороны отрасли, оценивают возможность взаимной интеграции и увеличения привлекательности магистральных путей сообщения.

The article deals with aspects of the functioning of the railway networks of the EAEU countries. It analyzes the reasons for the reduction in freight turnover. The authors consider the current state of railway transport in each of the participating countries; they identify the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, assess the possibility of mutual integration and increasing the attractiveness of main lines of communication.
The development of the regional economy of Russia in the context of a global pandemic
Authors: Веселовский М.Я. , Вершинин А.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассмотрены современные проблемы экономики, с которыми сталкиваются регионы. Изучены статистические данные по регионам, а также обсуждены данные по государственному долгу в разрезе регионов в условиях пандемии. Авторами проанализированы размеры финансовой помощи со стороны федеральной власти. Сделаны выводы по современному состоянию региональной экономики России и сформулированы предложения для решения существующих проблем.

The article deals with the current economic problems faced by the regions. The statistical data on the regions were studied, as well as the data on the public debt in the context of the regions in the context of the pandemic were discussed. The authors analyzed the amount of financial assistance from the federal government. Conclusions are made on the current state of the regional economy in Russia and proposals for solving existing problems are formulated.
Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic and prospects for restoring of the FX markets in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Мишина В.Ю. , Хомякова Л.И.
Published: March 2022

Негативное влияние пандемии Covid-19 проявилось во всех сферах экономической жизни, включая валютные рынки стран ЕАЭС. Вместе с тем, проведенный авторами статьи анализ показал готовность валютных рынков к постепенному восстановлению, что стало результатом денежно-кредитной и валютной политики стран ЕАЭС и принятых ими мер по противодействию экономическим последствиям пандемии. Значимым фактором в развитии позитивных тенденций сыграли интеграционные процессы на финансовых рынках стран ЕАЭС, в том числе Интегрированный валютный рынок ЕАЭС. В числе дискуссионных остаются вопросы дальнейшего стимулирования операций в национальных валютах.

The negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has manifested itself in all spheres of economic life, including the foreign exchange markets of the EAEU countries. At the same time, the analysis carried out by the authors of the article showed the readiness of the foreign exchange markets for a gradual recovery, which was the result of the monetary policy of the EAEU countries and the measures they took to counter the consequences of the pandemic. The EAEU Integrated Currency Market played a significant factor in the development of positive trends. In addition, the relatively low volatility of national currencies against the Russian ruble contributed to the development of transactions in these currencies. Among the controversial issues are the issues of further stimulation of operations in national currencies.
Trends in the development of industrial production in Russia: regional aspect
Authors: Измайлов М.К.
Published: March 2022

В статье проведено исследование региональной дифференциации промышленного производства России. Проведен подробный анализ статистических данных с разбивкой по отдельным федеральным округам, отражающий динамику и структуру объемов промышленного производства, объемов производства по отрасли добычи полезных ископаемых и по обрабатывающей промышленности. Обоснована необходимость использования в региональной промышленной политике концепции умной специализации, отражены ее основные принципы и направления реализации в условиях российской экономики.

The article studies the regional differentiation of industrial production in Russia. A detailed analysis of statistical data is carried out, broken down by individual federal districts, reflecting the dynamics and structure of industrial production volumes, production volumes by the mining industry and by the manufacturing industry. The necessity of using the concept of smart specialization in regional industrial policy is substantiated, its basic principles and directions of implementation in the conditions of the Russian economy are reflected.
Simulation tools for approach selection when solving the multicriteria traveling salesman problem
Authors: Светушков Н.Н. , Перепелица К.А.
Published: March 2022

Развитие глобальной экономики приводит к возникновению различных логистических задач по оптимизации как маршрутов доставки, так и необходимости уложиться в заданные временные интервалы для каждого из клиентов. Полный перебор при большом количестве заказчиков, как известно, вызывается определённые проблемы даже на современной вычислительной базе. Поэтому методы решения классической задачи коммивояжёра остаются актуальными, тем более, что возникают специализированные программные среды, которые позволяют не только отобразить найденный маршрут, но и привязать его к реальной карте местности. Дополнительное преимущество, связанное с имитационным моделированием оптимизации процессов доставки, является возможность найти не один маршрут, а целый набора с различными, но близкими по значению критериями оптимальности, что может помочь глубже проанализировать текущую задачу в случае возникновения каких-либо непредвиденных ситуаций. В статье анализируются возможности программной среды имитационного моделирования AnyLogic и предлагается новый алгоритм перебора, основанный на выделении отдельных групп клиентов. Совмещение предлагаемого алгоритма с возможностями AnyLogic позволит создать законченное информационное приложение, которое можно использовать при практической работе в логистических компаниях.

Тhe development of the global economy leads to the emergence of various logistics tasks to optimize both delivery routes and the need to meet the specified time intervals for each of the customers. Completely full search with a large number of customers, as is known, might to cause certain problems even on a modern computing base. Therefore, methods for solving the classic traveling salesman problem remain relevant, especially since specialized software environments are emerging that allow not only displaying the found route, but also linking it to a real map of the area. An additional advantage associated with simulation modeling of the optimization of delivery processes is the ability to find not one route, but a whole set with different but similar optimality criteria, which can help to analyze the current task in depth in the event of any unforeseen situations . The article analyzes the capabilities of the software environment for simulation AnyLogic and proposes a new search algorithm based on the selection of individual groups of clients. Combining the proposed algorithm with the capabilities of AnyLogic will create a complete information application that can be used in practical work in logistics companies.
Conceptual foundations of the numerical expert method of synergetic optimization of complex rocket and space objects during their research advance design
Authors: Вокин Г.Г. , Егоров О.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье излагаются основы предлагаемого метода выбора параметров сложных проектируемых объектов в заданных диапазонах их значений, которые отыскиваются, исходя из условия, что ведущие показатели эффективности будут достигать максимальных значений, а сопутствующие показатели будут находиться в заданных диапазонах ограничений. Метод является, по существу, инструментом компьютерной поддержки проектантов при поисковом исследовательском аванпроектировании сложных технических объектов, нацелен в конечном итоге на выбор синергетически оптимальных конструкторских решений и сокращение трудозатрат на этапе поиска и формирования предпочтительных вариантов технических обликов проектируемых изделий ракетно-космической техники.

The article outlines the basics of the proposed method for selecting the parameters of complex projected objects in the specified ranges of their values, which are found based on the condition that the leading performance indicators will reach the maximum values, and the accompanying indicators will be in the specified ranges of values. The method is, in essence, a tool for computer support of designers in the search and research design of complex technical objects, aimed ultimately at choosing synergistically optimal design solutions and reducing labor costs at the stage of searching and forming preferred variants of the technical appearance of the designed products of rocket and space technology.
AİLE EĞİTİM PROGRAMI (AEP) VE EBEVEYNLİK BECERİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN YARARLANICILARIN GÖZÜNDEN İNCELENMESİ: KONTROL GRUPLU BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ŞEN KARADAĞ Öznur , TUNCAY Tarık
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırma Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığınca düzenlenen Aile Eğitim Programı’nın (AEP) yararlanıcılarda pozitif ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkisi kurma ve ebeveynlik becerilerini geliştirmeyle olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kontrol gruplu nicel desen kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar Karabük ilinde AEP’e katılan 77 kişiden oluşan uygulama grubu ve bu eğitime katılmamış 100 kişiden oluşan kontrol grubunu içermektedir.

Uygulama ve kontrol grubunun sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin birbiriyle benzer olduğu, ebeveyn bilgi formu ve Çocuk-Anababa İlişki Ölçeği kullanılarak yapılan karşılaştırmada, uygulama grubunun kontrol grubuna göre çocuğun gelişim dönemleriyle ilgili daha fazla bilgi sahibi olduğu, daha az olumsuz disiplin yöntemleri kullandığı, daha demokratik tutumlar benimsediği ve daha olumlu bir ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkisi kurduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştırma yoluyla ulaşılan sonuçlar doğrultusunda; aile eğitim programının yaygınlaşarak daha çok kişiye ulaşılması, ebeveynlik becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde ve çocukların riskli davranışlarının azaltılmasında katkılar sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.
Perceptions of drinking water access and quality in rural indigenous villages in Fiji
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Thomas Jacqueline , Jenkins Aaron , Naivalu Kelera , Naivalulevu Timoci , Naivalulevu Vilisi , Mailautoka Kinikoto , Anthony Shylett , Ravoka Mereia , Jupiter Stacy D. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Horwitz Pierre , Abimbola Seye , Negin Joel
Published: March 2022

Poor rural water quality is a health challenge in Fiji. A mixed-methods study in six iTaukei (Indigenous Fijian) villages was conducted to understand local perceptions of drinking water access and quality, how this changes drinking water source choices, and impacts of age and gender. Seventy-two household surveys, 30 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Household surveys revealed 41.7% of community members perceived their water as dirty and 76.4% perceived their water as clean. Two-thirds of households reported that they always or usually had enough water. FGDs and KIIs revealed water access and quality was influenced by population size, seasonality, and rainfall. Perceptions of water quality caused villages to shift to alternative water sources. Alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data identified four themes: sources and infrastructure, access, quality and contamination. There was mixed alignment of perceptions between access and quality between the household surveys, and KIIs and FGDs with partial agreement sources and infrastructure, and quality. Gender was found to influence perceptions of dirty water, contamination, and supply and demand. Perceptions of water quality and access shape decisions and choices for water sources and can be used to inform resilience and inclusive water strategies.
Adsorption of humic acid fractions by a magnetic ion exchange resin
Authors: Ding Lei , Wang Dandan , Li Ling , Jia Yunhan , Ma Jiangya , Wang Feifei , van der Hoek Jan Peter
Published: March 2022

Natural organic matter in waters varies in different fractions. To better understand the removal of different fractions by a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin and the mechanism behind it, this study investigated adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of humic acid (HA) fractions with different hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties and molecular weights on MIEX resin through a series of batch experiments. MIEX resin can effectively remove approximately 40% of hydrophilic and 30% of hydrophobic HA components, as well as approximately 44% of molecular weight (MW) <10 kDa to some degree. The removal efficiency of HA fractions by MIEX resin reduced with the increase of pH from 6 to 9. Adsorption kinetics of different HA fractions on MIEX resin fitted the pseudo-second-order model well. With the increase of MW of HA from <1 kDa to >10 kDa, the time to reach adsorption equilibrium reduced from 180 to 120 min. It took more time for the hydrophilic fractions (140 min) to reach the equilibrium than for hydrophobic HA fractions (120 min). The Sips model fitted the adsorption equilibrium data of HA fractions on MIEX resin well. It was revealed that the adsorption of HA fractions on MIEX resin was spontaneous, endothermic and an entropy driven process, and the chemisorption might dominate the adsorption of HA components on MIEX resin. This study is of great significance to the design of magnetic ion exchange resin reactors and the optimization of operational parameters for the removal of natural organic matter with different hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties and molecular weights in different water sources.
Drugs for Osteoporosis Prevention: Mechanisms of Bone Maintenance
Authors: Ruenitz Peter C.
Published: March 2022

Unchecked bone density loss can lead to osteoporosis. Such loss arises from a variety of metabolic imbalances, in particular hormonal
insufficiency in postmenopausal women. Bone densitometry, coupled with -
appropriate monitoring of bone turnover markers osteocalcin and
(deoxy)pyridinoline, enables early diagnosis. This review will focus on recent advances concerning the biochemical and histomorphometric bases for clinically effective bone loss prevention by new and established medicinal agents. Estrogen replacement therapy generally has involved steroidal estrogens, given as mixed sulfate ester conjugates composed mainly of estrone and equilin. Current experimental evidence suggests no major diffe-
rence in the biochemical function of these steroidal estrogens, or their respective 17 β-hydroxy counterparts. Nonsteroidal estrogen receptor ligands such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and droloxifene, like estradiol, act as selective estrogen agonists in bone. But unlike estradiol, they are estrogen antagonists in other tissues. This selective estrogenicity might offer advantages over conventional estrogens, such as a decreased incidence of carcinogenicity. However, therapy with tamoxifen, the most widely used of these, has been associated with reproductive tract toxicity. And in laboratory rats, tamoxifen is converted to DNA-reactive hepatocarcinogenic metabolites. Prospects for bone loss suppressive drugs with a more diverse range of applications and low toxicity potential are embodied in the bisphosphonate etidronate and its analogues: risedronate, alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, and cimandronate. lpriflavone, an isoflavone derivative, augmented the effect of conjugated estrogens, enabling dose reduction of the latter in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Constricted analogues of parathyroid hormone hold future promise in bone restoration therapy.
Anthracene-9,10-Diones and Aza Bioisosteres as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Krapcho A. Paul , Maresch Martin J. , Hacker Miles P. , Hazelhurst Lori , Menta Ernesto , Oliva Ambrogio , Spinelli Silvana , Beggiolin Gino , Giuliani Fernando C. , Pezzoni Gabriella , Tognella Sergio
Published: March 2022

Naturally occurring quinones which structurally consist of an anthracene-9,10-dione chromophore are important antitumor agents. The anthracycline antibiotics, in particular, doxorubicin, are major chemothera­
peutic agents. The pluramycins and the ene-diynes antibiotics also show pro­ i mise as antitumor drugs. The synthetic anthracene-9,10-diones such as mitoxantrone are potent antitumor agents. Analogues related to mitoxantrone have been synthesized and biologically evaluated. Aza and diaza bioisosteres related to the anthracene-9,10-diones have
been prepared and evaluated and several of these chemotypes show promise for development as anticancer agents. This review will discuss the discovery of cytotoxic anthracene-9,10-diones and the synthesis and antitumor properties of the related aza and diaza bioisosteres.
Biologically Active Cyclopropanes and Cyclopropenes
Authors: Salaon J. , Baird M.S.
Published: March 2022

The variety of biological systems which are modulated by naturally occurring cyclopropanes has only been realized recently. They range from antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal activities, control of plant growth and fruit ripening, antimycotic, thyromimetic, hormonal, carcinogenic or antitumoral activities, enzyme and gluconeogenesis inhibitions, to neuro­ chemical activity. Cyclopropanes are also major components of membranes,
for instance in tuberculosis cells, and key intermediates in many biosynthetic processes. Many synthetic drugs include cyclopropanes in their structure and they are also widely used to probe the mechanisms of biological processes.
Naturally occurring cyclopropenes are known to be potent enzyme inhibitors controlling key processes on the fatty acid desaturation cycle and, in one case, to be an antibacterial agent. Synthetic analogues similarly inhibit pheromone production in insects, and the production of bacterial membranes, and interfere with the behaviour of insects by blocking pheromone receptors.
When they have been demonstrated, the mechanisms responsible for the specific bioactivity of these systems are also reviewed.
Targeting Growth Factor Receptors with Bispecific Molecules
Authors: Mokotoff Michael , Chen Jian , Zhou Jie-Hua , Ball Edward D.
Published: March 2022

Peptide growth factor receptors on the surface of malignant cells bind to their ligands with high affinity, resulting in intracellular responses which cause differentiation, growth, and the survival of these cells. Peptide growth factors, or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which target growth factor receptors, have been conjugated to drugs, toxins, radionuclides, or other
mAbs that recognize/activate effector cells which can phagocytose or kill. These types of conjugated products, whrch have the ability to kill malignant cells, we call bispecific molecules (BsMol) and is the basis of this review article. The growth factors/receptors covered include α- and β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP), epidermal growth factor (EGF), HER-2/neu oncogene protein (p185HER2), interleukin-2, and somatostatin. The preparation and biological use/activity of the following BsMol are discussed:
β-MSH-daunomycin, [Nie4,D-Phe7]MSH-anti-CD3, 111In-DTPA-bis-α -MSH, DAB389-MSH, mAb22-Lys-BN, mAb22-Antag1, anti-EGFR/anti-CD3, DOXER2, DAB389EGF, 1111n-DTPA-225, anti- p185HER2-SAP, 2B1, MDX-210, humAb4D5-8 x humAbUCHT1, DAB 486 1L-2,1111n-DTPA-
octreotide (OctreoScan® ), OX-26-NGF, and IVA039.1.
Recent Developments Cannabinoids in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cannabinoids
Authors: Huffman J. W. , Lainton J. A. H.
Published: March 2022

As a result of the recognition of a cannabinoid receptor, the isolation of the first endogenous cannabinoid and, more recently, the significant discovery of a cannabinoid antagonist, there has been a resurgence of interest in the medicinal chemistry of cannabinoids. This has included inter alia investigations into the effects of side chain substitution and overall molecular geometry on the biological activity of traditional cannabi­
noids, which are partially reduced dibenzopyrans, as well as the design and synthesis of a
variety of non-traditional cannabinoids. These compounds include indole and pyrrole derivatives, which are agonists, a diarylpyrazole, which is the first cannabinoid antagonist, and various amides of arachidonic acid. The latter compounds are patterned on anandamide (arachidonic acid ethanolamide), the first endogenous cannabinoid isolated from mammalian brain tissue. Modeling studies of the cannabinoid receptor are beginning to provide some insight into the interaction of various agonists with the receptor. This article will review recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of cannabinoids with an emphasis on work reported since 1992.
Tuftsin and Tuftsin	Analogs:	Biology, Synthesis and Design Theory
Authors: Nishioka Kenji , McMurray John , AI	Obeidi Fahad , Pettitf B. Montgomery
Published: March 2022

We have reviewed aspects of the medicinal chemistry of Tuftsin. Biochemical and clinical aspects including physioogy and assays are briefly
accounted for. Structure-activity relationships found in the literature provide a link between the
synthetic/design strategies and the biological response. Directed rational design and synthetic techniques are reviewed for both tuftsin and its analogs.
Metabolic Activation and Detoxification of Arylamines
Authors: Hanna Patrick E.
Published: March 2022

A number of important therapeutic agents, such as the sulfonamide antibacterials, dapsone, and procainamide are primary arylamines. Human exposure to arylamines also occurs through smoking tobacco and consuming cooked meat, and in various occupational settings. The principal detoxification pathway for most primary arylamines involves metabolic conversion to an arylamide in an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent,
N-acetyltransferase-catalyzed reaction. Although arylamines produce a wide range of toxicological responses, including hypersensitivity reactions and carcinogenesis, metabolic transformation to an N-hydroxyarylamine is required for most such compounds to manifest their untoward effects. Further conjugative metabolism of the N-hydroxylated arylamines is often involved in the production of reactive, electrophilic metabolites which form covalent adducts with biological macromolecules. This review describes the roles of specific enzyme systems in the biotransformation of arylamines and the chemical characteristics of arylamine metabolites that influence their toxicity, fate and disposition. The influence of interindividual genetic variability on the toxification and detoxification of arylamines is also addressed. In particular, genetic regulation of acetyltransferase activity is an important determinant of susceptibility to the toxicity and carcinogenicity of arylamines.
Antiestrogens as Calmodulin Antagonists
Authors: Hardcastle lan R. , Rowlands Martin G. , Jarman Michael
Published: March 2022

Antiestrogens are widely used in the treatment of hormone dependent breast cancer. Their principle mechanism of action is believed to be the displacement of the growth promoting hormone estrogen from its protein receptor. Many antiestrogens also exhibit hormone independent effects, such as antagonism of the calcium binding protein calmodulin, which may contribute to their therapeutic potential.

Calmodulin is essential to many cellular processes including the functioning of the estrogen receptor. The- possibility that a combined antiestrogen - calmodulin antagonist would be useful for cancer therapy has led to the development of antiestrogens which are potent calmodulin antagonists.

This review describes the structure - activity relationships for calmodulin antagonists, the rational design of such compounds and their biological properties. The synthetic methodology for some of these antiestrogens will also be discussed.
FIGNL1 Expression and its Prognostic Significance in Pan-cancer Analysis
Authors: Li Minghao , Zhen Zicheng , Zhong Muyan , Ye Liqun , Ma Xiaofang
Published: March 2022

Background:

Fidgetin-like 1 (FIGNL1), a subfamily member of ATPases, is associated
with diverse cellular activities (AAA proteins). FIGNL1 is involved in DNA repair. However, the
latest study has indicated that FIGNL1 plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of
malignant tumors.

Methods:

FIGNL1 expression was analyzed via Oncomine and GEPIA databases, and its prognostic
potential was analyzed using OncoLnc, UALCAN, and GEPIA databases. Moreover, the promoter
methylation of FIGNL1 was analyzed through the UALCAN database. FIGNL1-related gene
network was found within STRING. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were investigated across WebGestalt. FIGNL1 correlation
with cancer immune infiltrates was estimated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource
(TIMER) database.

Results:

We found that FIGNL1 is widely overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and its high
expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with kidney renal clear-cell carcinoma
(KIRP), low-grade glioma (LGG) of brain and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Additionally,
the promoter methylation level of FIGNL1 showed a statistical significance between normal
and primary tissues in KIRP and LGG via the UALCAN (P < 0.0001). FIGNL1 expression
was highly correlated with the infiltrating levels of CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells
(DCs), macrophages, and neutrophils in LIHC.

Conclusions:

In this study, the correlation of FIGNL1 expression with the prognosis, promoter
methylation, and immune infiltrates in KIRP, LGG, and LIHC was revealed. These findings suggested
that FIGNL1 promised to be a prognostic biomarker for KIRP, LGG, and LIHC.
The Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Karati Dipanjan , Mahadik Kakasaheb Ramoo , Trivedi Piyush , Kumar Dileep
Published: March 2022

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer
and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway are activated abnormally, which promotes
carcinogenesis. Several cytokines are important cancer drivers. These proteins bind to receptors and
use the Janus kinase (JAK) and STAT pathways to communicate their responses. Cancer risks are
linked to genetic differences in the JAK-STAT system. JAK inhibitors have been shown to reduce
STAT initiation, tissue propagation, and cell existence in preclinical investigations involving solid
tumour cell line models. JAK inhibitors, notably ruxolitinib, JAK1 or 2 blockers, make cell lines and
mouse models more susceptible to radiotherapy, biological response modifier therapy, and oncolytic
viral treatment. Numerous JAK antagonists have been or are now being evaluated in cancerous patients
as monotherapy or by combining with other drugs in clinical studies. In preclinical investigations,
certain JAK inhibitors showed promising anticancer effects; however, clinical trials explicitly
evaluating their effectiveness against the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours have yet to be completed.
JAK inhibition is a promising strategy to target the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours, and
it deserves to be tested further in clinical studies. The function of directing Janus kinases (JAKs), an
upstream accelerator of STATs, as a technique for lowering STAT activity in various malignant circumstances
is summarized in this article, which will help scientists to generate more specific drug
molecules in the future.
Highly Reactive Heterogeneous Nanofibers Catalyst based on [Mo154] Clusters
for Green Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfur Mustard Analogues under Ambient
Conditions
Authors: Haddad Reza
Published: March 2022

Background:

Due to the increasing chemical and biological threats posed by terrorist attacks, there is a need to design and prepare nanofibers (NFs) with the ability to neutralize CWAs. For this purpose polyacrylonitrile NFs and polyoxomolybdate [Mo154] (abbreviated as PAN NFs/[Mo154]) as a heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by electrospinning method with a diameter of about 100nm.

Objective:

The PAN NFs/[Mo154] catalyze the selective aerobic oxidation of sulfur mustard stim-ulants, such as 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) and 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (2-CEPS) under green and “ambient” conditions (25 oC, 1atm O2) in the presence of ethanol with high efficiency and selectivity. 2-CEES was selected as a model reaction to optimize the parameters of the reaction.

Method:

The progress of the reaction was evaluated after different times using GC-FID, GC-MS and TLC. The reaction product was also confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

Result:

The aerobic oxidation results of 2-CEES showed that PAN NFs/[Mo154] have a conver-sion of 98% to produce only a nontoxic product, 2-CEESO with the selectivity of 100% after 45min. The results were performed using [Mo154] without any PAN NFs for comparison whereas [Mo154] converts only 52% of 2-CEES under identical conditions.

Conclusion:

Heterogeneous PAN NFs/[Mo154] catalyst was reused after washing with solvent up to 5 steps without leaching of [Mo154] from PAN NFs and without any loss in efficiency due to the morphology of NFs. In addition to the recovery of PAN NFs/[Mo154] in different cycles, the use of FT-IR, UV-Vis and TEM techniques confirms the stability and morphology of PAN NFs/[Mo154] after the fifth cycle, 2-CEES oxidation. According to our information, this report is the first use of PAN NFs enriched with [Mo154] for aerobic oxidation of sulfur mustard simulants.
Bis-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Novel and Potential Urease Inhibitors;
Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Shah Sana , Khan Momin , Ali Mahboob , Wadood Abdul , Ur  Rehman Ashfaq , Shah Zarbad , Yousaf Muhammad , Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Aims:

To synthesize bis-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as novel and potential urease inhibitors.

Background:

Despite many important biological activities associated with oxadiazoles, they are still
neglected by medicinal chemists for their possible urease inhibitory activity. Keeping in view the
countless importance of urease inhibitors, we have synthesized a new library of substituted bisoxadiazole
derivatives (1-21) to evaluate their urease inhibitory potential.

Objective:

The aim includes the synthesis of substituted bis-oxadiazole derivatives (1-21) in order to
evaluate their urease inhibitory potential.

Method:

Bis-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 1-21 were synthesized through sequential reactions using
starting material isophthalic acid. Esterification reaction was done by refluxing in methanol for 2 h in
the presence of the catalytic amount of concentrated H2SO4 till dissolution. In the second step, dimethyl
isophthalate and hydrazine hydrate in excess (1:5) were refluxed in methanol to afford isophthalic
dihydrazide. Then, isophthalic dihydrazide was treated with different substituted benzaldehydes in
a 1:2 ratio under acidic conditions

Result:

In vitro urease, the inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated and the
results demonstrated good activities with IC50 values in the range of 13.46 ± 0.34 to 74.45 ± 3.81 μM
as compared to the standard thiourea (IC50 = 21.13 ± 0.415 μM). Most of the compounds were found
to be more potent than the standard. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) suggested that the
variations in the inhibitory activities of the compounds were due to different substitutions. Furthermore;
in silico study was also performed.

Conclusion:

Current study identified a new class of urease inhibitors. All synthetic compounds 1-21
showed potent as well as good to moderate urease inhibitory activities except 3. SAR suggested that
hydroxy-bearing analogs were identified exceptionally well. Molecular docking revealed many important
interactions made by compounds with the active site of the urease enzyme.
A Review of Clinical Studies Assessing the Therapeutic Efficacy of
Escitalopram: A Step Towards Development
Authors: Dhingra Ashwani K. , Bhatia Vishal , Chopra Bhawna , Guarve Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Major depression is a debilitating, sometimes fatal disorder, deteriorating
the quality of life and well-being. Escitalopram showed highly selective and dose-dependent inhibitory
activity on human serotonin transport. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the
first-line drugs to manage major depressive disorder (MDD).

Objective:

The objective of this study is to explore the therapeutic potential of escitalopram, a clinically
approved drug to manage MDD and panic disorders.

Method:

It emphasizes comparative and clinical trial studies with several pharmacological targets
reviewed from the data available on PubMed, Science Direct, Clinicaltrails.gov, and from many
reputed foundations.

Result:

To highlight the clinical efficacy, safety, recent development, and stable formulation of
escitalopram with an increased bioavailability profile. Evidence-based on the available clinical and
pharmacoeconomic data, escitalopram represents an effective first-line treatment option for MDD
patients.

Conclusion:

The present review highlights the placebo-controlled clinical studies and the recent
development that can be helpful for further research perspectives.
Nanotechnology Applications in Biomedical Systems
Authors: Buniyamin Irmaizatussyehdany , Akhir Rabiatuladawiyah Md , Asli Noor Asnida , Khusaimi Zuraida , Malek Mohd Firdaus , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop
Published: March 2022

The current progress in the field of nanotechnology with respect to biomedical and biotechnology
is aimed at designing novel materials that have exclusive properties of nanoscale structures.
The application of nano-structured materials into biomedical systems has received much attention due
to their remarkable resolution in assisting diagnoses and treating medical difficulties. The variety of
nanostructured materials produced could be easily controlled and manipulated. Moreover, they could
be developed with new properties in a predictable manner, whereby the modified biological characteristic
and functionalities are compatible with biomedical systems for various applications and purposes.
All-inclusive, nanotechnology has an enormous impact on health care and is undeniably shaping the
future pathway. This paper reviews research methods in nanotechnology developments, which convey
benefits to the biomedical application on nano-network and communication, biosensor, nanoprobe,
drug delivery system and nano implants.
Evaluasi Kualitas Fisik dan Kandungan Digestible Energy Dari Fermentasi Kulit Ubi Kayu (manihot utilissima) Menggunakan Aspergillus oryzae.
Authors: Chuzaemi Siti , Wahyono Anton
Published: March 2022

Riset dilaksanan untuk mengetahui tingkat penggunaan Aspergillus oryzae terhadap kualitas fisik dan kandungan digestible energy pada fermentasi kulit ubi kayu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 unit yang kemudian diuji menggunakan Duncan Jarak Berganda. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain P0 (kulit ubi kayu + Aspergillus oryzae 0%), P1 (kulit ubi kayu + Aspergillus oryzae 1%), P2 (kulit ubi kayu + Aspergillus oryzae 2%), P3 (kulit ubi kayu + Aspergillus oryzae 3%) yang semua perlakuan difermentasi selama 96 jam pada kondisi aerob. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas fisik serta kandungan Digestible Energi (DE) ubi kayu. Hasil analisa statistik tingkat penggunaan kapang yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap aroma dan warna. Tingkat penggunaan Aspergillus oryzae yang berbeda pada fermentasi kulit ubi kayu berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan DE. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata dari tingkat penggunaan Aspergillus oryzae yang berbeda terhadap kualitas fisik dan kandungan energi hasil fermentasi kulit ubi kayu.
Performa Ayam Kub Fase Starter yang Diberi Pakan Tambahan Tepung Daun Kesum (polygonum minus huds)
Authors: Febriyanto Wahidin Yoga , Lestari Retno Budi , Tribudi Yuli Arif
Published: March 2022

Penambahan tepung daun Kesum (Polygonum minus Huds) dalam pakan bertujuan sebagai pakan tambahan yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan performan ayam KUB fase stater. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 ekor ayam KUB dan dibagi untuk 5 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ulangan. Penelitian terdiri dari 5 macam perlakuan pakan yaitu pakan komersial (P0), pakan komersial + 1% tepung daun kesum (P1), pakan komersial + 2% tepung daun kesum (P2), pakan komersial + 3% tepung daun kesum (P3), dan pakan komersial + 4% tepung daun kesum (P4). Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian perlakuan tepung daun kesum memberikan pengaruh terhadap performa ayam KUB fase starter. Pemberian tepung daun kesum sebesar 2% pada pakan memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan pada ayam KUB fase starter dengan rataan sebesar 850,40±77,13 g/ekor; 426,97±17,54 g/ekor; 395,62±17,82 g/ekor; 426,97±17,54 g/ekor and 1,99±0,22. Disarankan pemberian tepung serai kesum pada pakan ayam KUB sebanyak 1 % dari jumlah pakan.
The modernization of future specialists' professional training in the field of advertising design in HEIs
Authors:   Department of Journalism and Advertising, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine, et al. Bryukhanova
Published: March 2022

The advertising design profession is becoming increasingly popular in various markets as employers recognize the importance of marketing in selling a product. The introduction of technology in higher education (HEIs) has contributed to the development of professional training programs for future specialists in the field of advertising design. This article aims to form recommendations for modernizing the professional training of future specialists in the field of advertising design in HEIs. The study proposed a comprehensive systematic and problem-oriented approach to the modernization and development of professional training programs for specialists in the field of advertising design. The abilities, types of knowledge of advertising designers, skills, and working styles of advertising design specialists are investigated using the examples of Germany, Italy, and Poland in the context of survey data of employers and design professionals regarding the lack, excess of the relevant type of competencies. The significance lies in refuting the thesis that professional training programs lag behind the needs of the labor market, and thus the need for modernization of HEIs education. It happens since countries differ in the characteristics of the design market, where there may be both a shortage and an excess of skills.