bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Outer Size and Structure Remain Unchanged by the Late Twenty-First Century
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. , Chavas Daniel , Lin Ning , Knutson Thomas , Vecchi Gabriel , Brammer Alan
Published: September 2022

There is a lack of consensus on whether North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) outer size and structure (i.e., change in outer winds with increasing radius from the TC) will differ by the late twenty-first century. Hence, this work seeks to examine whether North Atlantic TC outer wind field size and structure will change by the late twenty-first century using multiple simulations under CMIP3 SRES A1B and CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenarios. Specifically, our analysis examines data from the GFDL High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution model (HiFLOR) and two versions of the GFDL hurricane model downscaling climate model output. Our results show that projected North Atlantic TC outer size and structure remain unchanged by the late twenty-first century within nearly all HiFLOR and GFDL hurricane model simulations. Moreover, no significant regional outer size differences exist in the North Atlantic within most HiFLOR and GFDL hurricane model simulations. No changes between the control and late-twenty-first-century simulations exist over the storm life cycle in nearly all simulations. For the simulation that shows significant decreases in TC outer size, the changes are attributed to reductions in storm lifetime and outer size growth rates. The absence of differences in outer size among most simulations is consistent with the process that controls the theoretical upper bound of storm size (i.e., Rhines scaling), which is thermodynamically invariant. However, the lack of complete consensus among simulations for many of these conclusions suggests nontrivial uncertainty in our results.
Book review: Stanly Johny and Ananth Krishnan, Comrades and the Mullahs: China, Afghanistan and the New Asian Geopolitics
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: September 2022

Stanly Johny and Ananth Krishnan, Comrades and the Mullahs: China, Afghanistan and the New Asian Geopolitics (HarperCollins India, 2022) pp. 304, ₹450. ISBN10 9354895212; ISBN13 9789354H895210.
Inappropriate Testing of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children Aged Below 3 Years: Application of Statistical Process Control
Authors: Bayless Sharlo , Bihl Trevor , Rohan Craig A. , Travers Jeffrey B. , Whitney Eric
Published: September 2022

Group A strep tests in patients aged below 3 years are not recommended unless the patient has appropriate symptoms and a positive contact or signs of complications. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase the percentage of appropriately ordered strep tests among providers. Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively from 1163 patient visits. Providers were exposed to educational interventions, an electronic medical record order change, and provider feedback. Proportional control charts characterized the providers’ behaviors and determined significant improvement among testing. The result was an increase in appropriate tests (13.7% to 37.8%), and the control charts showed sustainable results over time. This project demonstrates the efficacy of these methods to encourage antibiotic stewardship among providers. Furthermore, the interventions used here can be applied to other areas with low-value diagnostic testing. Future studies should investigate whether parental anxiety and educational programs influence testing and evaluate the efficacy of certain strategies.
Pedagogical models: Can they make a difference to girls’ in-class physical activity?
Authors: Oliveros María , Fernandez-Rio Javier
Published: September 2022

Background:

Research has shown the positive connections between physical activity and health, and physical education has been shown to influence the motivation to participate in physical activities. Student-centred pedagogical models encouraging active learning may be capable of bringing about changes in girls’ physical activity.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate whether a hybrid pedagogical model could make a difference to adolescent girls’ in-class physical activity levels.

Design, setting and method:

Sixty-six students aged 13–17 years participated in the study from two Year 9 and two Year 11 classes in three different high schools. All classes experienced the same 12-session hybrid sports education-tactical games learning unit. To objectively measure students’ physical activity, participants wore accelerometers.

Results and conclusion:

The overall results showed that students spent 39.74% of the class in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but girls showed statistically significantly lower scores. While in the role of judge/referee (27.34% of the class), students showed significantly higher levels of sedentary physical activity. Finally, year 11 students showed higher MVPA than Year 9 students. In conclusion, hybrid pedagogical models, per se, may not help girls achieve MVPA scores similar to those of boys. Teachers need to identify the barriers and make necessary changes to achieve this goal. Some ideas for doing so are discussed in the paper.
Multimodal Intervention Assessing the Appropriateness of Acid Suppression Therapy is Associated With Reduced Prescriptions at the Time of Discharge for Hospitalized Inpatients
Authors: Zhang Jenny , Crossley Brian , Sun Alexander , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Pahwa Amit , O’Rourke Paul , Ahmed Nazeer , Pherson Emily
Published: September 2022

Background:

Acid suppression therapy (AST), including proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2 receptor antagonists, are an overused class of medications. When used inappropriately, AST leads to polypharmacy, increased healthcare costs, and possible negative health consequences.

Objective:

To assess whether an intervention including prescriber education combined with a pharmacist-driven protocol was effective in reducing the percentage of patients who were discharged with inappropriate AST.

Methods:

This was a prospective pre-post study of adult patients who were prescribed AST before or during their admission to an internal medicine teaching service. All internal medicine resident physicians received education on appropriate AST prescribing. During the 4-week intervention period, dedicated pharmacists assessed the appropriateness of AST and made recommendations regarding deprescribing if no appropriate indication was identified.

Results:

During the study period, there were 14 166 admissions during which patients were prescribed AST. Out of the 1143 admissions during the intervention period, appropriateness of AST was assessed by a pharmacist for 163 patients. AST was determined to be inappropriate for 52.8% (n = 86) of patients and discontinuation or de-escalate of therapy occurred in 79.1% (n = 68) of these cases. The percentage of patients discharged on AST decreased from 42.5% before the intervention to 39.9% after the intervention ( P = .007).

Conclusion:

This study suggests that a multimodal deprescribing intervention reduced prescriptions for AST without an appropriate indication at the time of discharge. To increase the efficiency of the pharmacist assessment several workflow improvements were identified. Further study is necessary to understand the long-term outcomes of this intervention.
Analysis of Infrastructure Facilities, Academic Facilities, Community Participation, and Co-Curricular Activities in Primary Schools in Three Districts of Telangana State
Authors: Nagaraju MTV
Published: September 2022

The main goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) are to achieve primary education for all school children aged 6–14; reduce gender, regional and social spaces, and complete 100% retention of school children. Although, some obstacles and lacunas are pointed out here and there. Therefore, this paper attempted to analyze infrastructure facilities, academic facilities, community participation, and co-curricular activities from the stakeholders in the primary schools of Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda, and Ranga Reddy under the Jurisdiction of Telangana state. The survey found that 70% of Heads of Institutions agree with SSA plans.
Rats move nesting materials to create different functional areas: Short report
Authors: Amendola Lucia , Xu Nanqi , Weary Daniel M
Published: September 2022

Here we document how rats separate their living space into different functional regions. Five groups of four female Sprague Dawley rats were housed in caging systems that consisted of two standard cages connected by a tube. Both cages were provided with the same amount of bedding and nesting materials, but only one contained food and water. Nesting cover and weight of each cage were measured once a week for five weeks during cage cleaning. We found that the cages with food and water had 9% less nesting material coverage but had gained 90% more weight when compared with cages where food and water were absent. These results indicate that, when provided with separate spaces, rats move nesting materials away from the cage containing food and water sources, but preferentially excrete in the cage with water and food.
Contemporary Farmer’s Movements in India: Hybrid Political Agenda and Modernisation of Protests
Authors: Suthar Sudhir Kumar , Kumar Manish
Published: September 2022

This study attempts to argue that the farmer’s encirclement of Delhi in 2020–2021 was not merely a sporadic form of protest or agitation as widely argued. Instead, it indicates the emergence of a new form of farmer movement in contemporary India. Formation of a hybrid political agenda is at the core of this movement. Temporally, organisationally and ideologically, this movement has been able to bring agrarian politics to the forefront of Indian politics after a gap of three decades. Temporally, there has been a continuity of protests by farmers since 2017 involving diverse issues which concern the rural economy and society. Organisationally, farmers adopted traditional as well as modern forms of mobilisation. Coming together of farmer unions from various parts of India is also an indicator of the innovative organisational methods. Ideologically, the current movements are an outcome of a hybrid agrarian politics that includes formation of an inclusive agenda, and a participatory form of farmer identity. The three sections of the article deal with each of these indicators.
Social Origin and Access to Top Occupations among the Highest Educated in the United Kingdom
Authors: In Jung , Breen Richard
Published: September 2022

U.S. studies have found that stratified graduate education accounts for most of the relatively strong intergenerational socioeconomic association among postgraduate degree holders. The same association has been observed, but not explained, in countries with higher education systems that differ from that of the United States. We explore the mediation role of undergraduate- and graduate-level stratification in accounting for the intergenerational occupational association among postgraduate degree holders in the United Kingdom. We find that the unequal distribution of undergraduate-level education and path dependency between undergraduate- and graduate-level stratification help to give rise to an unequal occupational outcome by social origin among postgraduate degree holders. We explain this by the tight coupling of undergraduate and graduate education in the United Kingdom. Our analysis also illustrates the need to go beyond graduate education in understanding social origin inequality among postgraduate degree holders to examine the role of undergraduate education and how it is linked to graduate education.
High efficacy of activated carbon fabric filters and masks developed to prevent the inhalation of microorganisms and particles associated with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Francelino Isabella Grinberg , Petraconi André , Miranda Felipe de Souza , Prado Eduardo San’Anna P , Gasi Fernando , Silva Marcia Cristina , Lourenço Sérgio Ricardo , Filho Gilberto Petraconi
Published: September 2022

As a major international public health emergency, COVID-19 has posed many challenges for healthcare professionals who have been heavily exposed to contamination. This article describes the development of a high-filtration capacity mask consisting of filter-element layers interspersed with super-activated carbon fiber fabric, non-woven polypropylene for dental–medical–hospital use and antiviral polyamide with nanostructured SiO2 thin film coating. The study found 98.18% particle filtration efficiency and determined 2.11 mmH2O/cm2 differential pressure, while fluid repellency complied with Brazilian standard NBR ABNT 15052:2004.
The Social Context of Partnered Older Adults’ Insomnia Symptoms
Authors: Marini Christina M. , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Martire Lynn M. , Buxton Orfeu M.
Published: September 2022

The current study included an examination of social factors that mitigate or exacerbate insomnia symptoms among older adults who are married or living with a partner. We first examined the unique effects of spousal support and strain on insomnia symptoms and then evaluated the degree to which extramarital social factors (e.g., friend support) moderated spousal influences. Data came from Waves 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Our sample consisted of 495 participants who were either married or cohabitating with a partner ( M age in years = 69.84, SD = 8.08). Spousal strain—but not support—predicted higher insomnia symptoms 5 years later. Spousal influences on sleep, however, were moderated by extramarital factors in nuanced ways. Findings highlight the importance of taking into account older adults’ wider social context when examining the ways in which sleep is sensitive to positive and negative aspects of marital quality.
Mothers’ and fathers’ bimodal communication in dyadic and triadic interaction with their infants
Authors: Morelli Mara , Baiocco Roberto , Cattelino Elena , Longobardi Emiddia
Published: September 2022

Parents play an important role in children’s language development. To our knowledge, no studies have compared fathers’ and mothers’ use of gestural and verbal communication in dyadic versus triadic contexts. This study aimed at analyzing similarities and differences in the bimodal communication of parents when they play alone with their infant and when all three play together. Twelve Italian-speaking families with infants aged 16 months took part in the study. Dyadic and triadic free-play interactions of mothers and fathers with their infants were videotaped. Mothers’ and fathers’ communicative acts (i.e., ‘only speech’, ‘only gesture’, ‘speech + gesture’), and types of gestures (i.e., deictic, representational, and emphatic) were coded. Results showed that infants experience mothers’ and fathers’ bimodal communication when interacting with both parents. In the dyadic context, mothers produced more communicative acts and more verbal communication than fathers who in turn used more gestures and ‘speech + gesture’ communicative acts than mothers. Both parents used gestures to clarify and reinforce their verbal communication in dyadic and triadic contexts. With respect to the triadic context, no differences between mothers’ and fathers’ verbal and non-verbal communication emerged. Comparing each parent across the two contexts, findings showed that in the triadic context, mothers increased their use of gestural communicative acts and decreased their use of mixed acts, whereas fathers increased their verbal component while decreasing their ‘speech + gesture’ communicative acts. It seems that in the triadic context there is a coordination between parents that leads them to align with the kind of communication provided to the infant. Thus, the input experienced by infants in the triadic context is still equally composed of both verbal and non-verbal communication. Results are discussed considering the role of parents’ bimodal communication within several daily interactional contexts.
Educational Leadership as Accompaniment: From Managing to Cultivating Youth Activism
Authors: Chang Ethan , Gamez Rebeca
Published: September 2022

Background/Context:

Youth activism, the broad-based leadership among young people who seek to challenge and build alternatives to oppressive social systems, has spread across the nation and globe. Yet youth activism is often hemmed in at school gates, particularly by school leaders charged with maintaining efficient school environments.

Focus of Study:

This article explores the roles and responsibilities of educational leaders committed to justice and asks: What does it mean to lead schools in times of (re)surgent youth activism?

Research Design:

To address this urgent question, we conducted an interdisciplinary review of youth participation in social movements that spans the fields of civic engagement, learning sciences, and social movement studies.

Findings:

We argue that youth activism offers profound sites of consequential learning, generative insights for organizational redesign, and imaginative visions for school and societal transformation. Based on these contributions, we offer the notion of educational leadership as accompaniment: a participatory praxis of leadership reflection and action that foregrounds an ethic of listening, attends to dominant forms of exclusion, and stands in solidarity with youth and their struggles for a more dignified and just world.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Leadership as accompaniment challenges the deeply rooted managerial imperative in school administration scholarship and deepens opportunities for realizing existing leadership principles, such as those evident in the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSEL). We conclude by discussing the social and material risks impacting those who exercise leadership as accompaniment, and consider what responsibilities such risks demand of education researchers.
Temporariness and Post-Migration Adaptation of Older Migrants: The Case of Chinese Grandparenting Migrants in Singapore
Authors: Chiu Tuen Yi , Ho Elaine Lynn-Ee
Published: September 2022

Post-migration adaptation has been a major theme in migration studies. Yet extant research has typically focused on immigrants who will presumably settle in the host society and overlooked temporary migrants, especially those who move in later life. While the former are expected to assimilate into the host society over time, temporary migrants spend limited and intermittent periods of time in the host society only. The normative frameworks of migrant adaptation are, therefore, inadequate for analyzing the experience of older temporary migrants. Drawing on ethnographic data collected from 41 Chinese grandparenting migrants in Singapore, this article uses temporariness as a central analytic lens to examine their post-migration adaption experience, including their attitudes toward their temporary presence in the host country, the constraints they encountered as temporary migrants, and the strategies they used to cope with such experiences. We introduce the concepts of “objective temporariness” and “subjective temporariness” to illustrate how the duration of stay allowed by the host state and migrants’ feelings toward their temporary presence, respectively, affect migrants’ intentions and ability to adapt to the new environment. Conceptualizing temporariness as a continuum, we show how diverse forms of temporariness (transient versus extended) differentially shaped the adaptation patterns of short-term stayers (staying one to three months each time) and long-term stayers (staying at least a year or more). Our findings underscore the importance of analyzing the temporal alongside the spatial when examining temporariness as a condition experienced by older temporary migrants and as a tool used by nation-states to regulate migrant populations.
Scale Purification and Validation: A Methodological Approach to Sustainable Online Retailing
Authors: Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Mir Ajaz Akbar , Islam Sheikh Basharul
Published: September 2022

Sustainability in the e-commerce business has created an overwhelming interest among practitioners and researchers. The different business models adopted by the e-retailers in India lack sustainable aspects, hindering them from generating sustainable revenues. To accomplish such goals, e-retailers need to focus on sustainable factors such as trust, innovation, timely delivery of goods, usability, internet speed and customer support service. In view of this, the article is aimed to create an instrument that captures sustainable online retailing by developing, measuring and empirically validating a scale. The validity of the scale was established by adopting a proper psychometric scale development procedure. The study found that after applying various judgmental and statistical criteria to the initial scale of 26 items, 17 items were retained with the removal of nine items sequentially at different steps. The dropped items could not meet the set thresholds of different criterion. Results of the study suggested that trust and internet speed in the present context are key determinants of sustainable e-retailing. The study focused on the online retail sector only. Methodological developments in other areas might lead to different results if the chosen criteria were to be repeated there. Both judgmental and statistical procedures need to be used with proper consensus. The practical implications of the study involve five constructs that e-marketers and practitioners could adopt to provide better customer experience resulting in higher customer satisfaction. The authors demonstrated a detailed procedure for scale purification. This procedure will help researchers in this area and in adjacent disciplines build greater consistency regarding applying methodological steps in scale purification. It will also assist reviewers and editors with tools to identify methodological errors while making review decisions. Such a scale will help in bringing standardization of the research carried out in sustainable online retailing.
Longitudinal associations of social support, everyday social interactions, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chin Brian N. , Kamarck Thomas W. , Kraut Robert E. , Zhao Siyan , Hong Jason I. , Ding Emily Y.
Published: September 2022

Main effect models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health in the presence and the absence of stressful events, whereas stress-buffering models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health especially when individuals are facing stressful events. We tested these models of how perceived social support impacts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated whether characteristics of everyday social interactions statistically mediated this association – namely, (a) received support, the visible and deliberate assistance provided by others, and (b) pleasantness, the extent to which an interaction is positive, flows easily, and leads individuals to feel understood and validated. 591 United States adults completed a 3-week ecological momentary assessment protocol sampling characteristics of their everyday social interactions that was used to evaluate between-person average values and within-person daily fluctuations in everyday social interaction characteristics. Global measures of perceived social support and pandemic-related stressors were assessed at baseline. Psychiatric symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at baseline, at the end of each day of ecological momentary assessment, and at 3-week follow-up. Consistent with a main effect model, higher baseline perceived social support predicted decreases in psychiatric symptoms at 3-week follow-up (β = −.09, p = .001). Contrary to a stress-buffering model, we did not find an interaction of pandemic-stressors × perceived social support. The main effect of perceived social support on mental health was mediated by the pleasantness of everyday social interactions, but not by received support in everyday social interactions. We found evidence for both main effects and stress-buffering effects of within-person fluctuations in interaction pleasantness on daily changes in mental health. Results suggest the importance of everyday social interaction characteristics, especially their pleasantness, in linking perceived social support and mental health.
A nomogram to predict nosocomial infection in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Li Xiyuan , Wang Liangshan , Li Chenglong , Wang Xiaomeng , Hao Xing , Du Zhongtao , Xie Haixiu , Yang Feng , Wang Hong , Hou Xiaotong
Published: September 2022

Introduction

After cardiac surgery, patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) have a higher risk of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to establish an intuitive nomogram to predict the probability of nosocomial infection in patients on VA-ECMO after cardiac surgery.

Methods

We included patients on VA-ECMO after cardiac surgery between January 2011 and December 2020 at a single center. We developed a nomogram based on independent predictors identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We selected the optimal model and assessed its performance through internal validation and decision-curve analyses.

Results

Overall, 503 patients were included; 363 and 140 patients were randomly divided into development and validation sets, respectively. Independent predictors derived from the development set to predict nosocomial infection included older age, white blood cell (WBC) count abnormality, ECMO environment in the ICU, and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, which were entered into the model to create the nomogram. The model showed good discrimination, with areas under the curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.743 (0.692–0.794) in the development set and 0.732 (0.643–0.820) in the validation set. The optimal cutoff probability of the model was 0.457 in the development set (sensitivity, 0.683; specificity, 0.719). The model showed qualified calibration in both the development and validation sets (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, p > .05). The threshold probabilities ranged from 0.20 to 0.70.

Conclusions

For adult patients receiving VA-ECMO treatment after cardiac surgery, a nomogram-monitoring tool could be used in clinical practice to identify patients with high-risk nosocomial infections and provide an early warning.
Factors associated with hospitalisations of patients with chronic heart failure approaching the end of life: A systematic review
Authors: Zehnder Aina R , Pedrosa Carrasco Anna J , Etkind Simon N
Published: September 2022

Background:

Heart failure has high mortality and is linked to substantial burden for patients, carers and health care systems. Patients with chronic heart failure frequently experience recurrent hospitalisations peaking at the end of life, but most prefer to avoid hospital. The drivers of hospitalisations are not well understood.

Aim:

We aimed to synthesise the evidence on factors associated with all-cause and heart failure hospitalisations of patients with advanced chronic heart failure.

Design:

Systematic review of studies quantitatively evaluating factors associated with all-cause or heart failure hospitalisations in adult patients with advanced chronic heart failure.

Data sources:

Five electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2020. Additionally, searches for grey literature, citation searching and hand-searching were performed. We assessed the quality of individual studies using the QualSyst tool. Strength of evidence was determined weighing number, quality and consistency of studies. Findings are reported narratively as pooling was not deemed feasible.

Results:

In 54 articles, 68 individual, illness-level, service-level and environmental factors were identified. We found high/moderate strength evidence for specialist palliative or hospice care being associated with reduced risk of all-cause and heart failure hospitalisations, respectively. Based on high strength evidence, we further identified black/non-white ethnicity as a risk factor for all-cause hospitalisations.

Conclusion:

Efforts to integrate hospice and specialist palliative services into care may reduce avoidable hospitalisations in advanced heart failure. Inequalities in end-of-life care in terms of race/ethnicity should be addressed. Further research should investigate the causality of the relationships identified here.
Ultrasonographic and strain elastographic features of epidermal cyst according to body location
Authors: Ahn Do Yeon , Park Hee Jin , Kim Ji Na , Kim Myung Sub , Kang Chang Ho
Published: September 2022

Background

There are not many studies on the differences of ultrasound (US) findings between epidermal cysts (ECs) located in the trunk and those in the extremities.

Purpose

To compare the sonographic findings of ECs according to location in the body (trunk vs. extremity) and evaluated the feasibility of strain elastography (SE).

Material and Methods

This is a retrospective study of 76 patients with surgically confirmed non-ruptured EC who underwent US including SE. The US analyses included size, shape, ratio of depth to length (DLR), involvement of more than half the dermis, “submarine sign,” and SE characters of each lesion. SE findings were assigned into four grades based on elasticity.

Results

The submarine sign was more significantly observed in ECs located in the trunk versus extremities ( P value = 0.004 and 0.035, respectively). Truncal lesions were significantly more likely to possess an ovoid shape ( P < 0.05) and exhibited higher DLR ( P < 0.05). There were more cases with low elasticity according to SE (grade 3 or 4) compared to high elasticity (grade 1 or 2). However, we did not observe significant differences between the two locations ( P > 0.05). More-than-half signs also did not exhibit a significant difference ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The submarine sign, ovoid shape, and tall lesions (higher DLR) are common in the trunk. However, the degree of elasticity and number of more-than-half signs did not differ between the two groups.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by PD-1 inhibitors in China: a report of two cases
Authors: Luo Jingmei , Feng Jiagang , Liu Chunyan , Yang Zhongce , Zhan Dong , Wu Yanan , Pan Li , Zhang Lihua
Published: September 2022

The immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy may affect endocrine glands and other tissues. Two Chinese patients with malignancies were treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and followed up with biochemical tests over 1 year. After PD-1 treatment for 6 to 10 months, the patients developed symptoms of diabetes, ketoacidosis, and insulin secretion failure. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the characteristic fluctuation of blood glucose that was controlled with multiple daily insulin injections. Neither patient’s insulin depletion status was reversed in subsequent years. To decrease the life-threatening complications of diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome and ketoacidosis caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to monitor the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels. Islet β-cell autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen genes can provide additional information in select cases.
Fibrinogen like protein-1 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of TU-686 cells and sensitizes laryngeal cancer to LAG-3 blockade
Authors: Huang Jiameng , Huang Qiang , Xue Jiyao , Liu Huiqin , Guo Yang , Chen Hui , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2022

Objective

To detect the expression of fibrinogen like protein-1 (FGL-1) in laryngeal cancer and evaluate its effect on tumor proliferation, metastasis, and antitumor immunity.

Methods

ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect FGL-1 expression in laryngeal cancer. The effects of FGL-1 knockdown on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of laryngeal cancer cells were evaluated by the CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell migration, and western blot assays. We detected changes in tumorigenesis and drug response in vivo following FGL-1 knockdown as well as the effects of anti-LAG3 immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD8 and LAG-3 expression in mouse tumor tissues.

Results

FGL-1 was highly expressed in the plasma and tumor tissues of laryngeal cancer patients. FGL-1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation of TU-686 cells and inhibited the migration and invasion of laryngeal cancer by blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, silencing FGL-1 inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo and synergized with anti-LAG3 immunotherapy.

Conclusions

We confirmed the high expression of FGL-1 in laryngeal cancer and identified FGL-1 as a potential marker for immunotherapy in laryngeal cancer.
The ontological politics of kosher food: Between strict orthodoxy and global markets
Authors: Lever John , Vandeventer James S , Miele Mara
Published: September 2022

As markets for kosher food have expanded globally in recent decades, multiple rabbinical authorities and kosher certification bodies have emerged to protect – and project – the boundaries of what is permissible for Jewish consumers. In this paper, we explore how, as kosher food has become more widely available in supermarkets and global food businesses, there has been a concurrent growth in demand within some Jewish communities for kosher goods produced in line with ever more strictly observed Jewish dietary laws ( kashrus). Drawing on research on kosher markets and consumption practice in Manchester in the North of England, UK, we interrogate the multiple kosher ontologies enacted in markets, and the wider effects of this multiplicity on consumption practice(s) . We conclude with some theoretical reflections on the ontological politics of qualification in markets.
Prevalence of Current PTSD Symptoms Among a Sample of Black Individuals Aged 15 to 40 in Canada: The Major Role of Everyday Racial Discrimination, Racial Microaggresions, and Internalized Racism
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Dalexis Rose Darly , Darius Wina Paul , Kogan Cary S. , Guerrier Mireille
Published: September 2022

Objective

Most Black individuals in Canada report having experienced racial discrimination. Although previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no studies in Canada have documented this association among Black individuals. The present study documents (1) the prevalence of PTSD among Black individuals using data from the Black Communities Mental Health project and (2) risk factors associated with PTSD, including racial microaggressions, everyday racial discrimination, and internalized racism.

Method

A total of 860 participants (75.6% of women) aged 15 to 40 years old ( M = 24.96, SD = 6.29) completed questionnaires assessing PTSD, experience of traumatic events, racial microaggressions, everyday racial discrimination, and internalized racism.

Results

Findings showed that 95.1% of participants reported exposure to at least one traumatic event during their lifetime. In total, 67.11% of participants reported probable PTSD with no significant difference between men and women (68.2% and 67.8%, χ2 = 0.132, p = 0.72). Participants born in Canada were more likely to experience significant PTSD symptoms, compared to those born abroad (70.92% and 53.14% , χ2 = 19.69, p < 0.001). A multivariable linear regression model of PTSD symptoms was computed using sociodemographic variables and exposure to traumatic events as independent variables, which explained 25.9% of the variance. In addition to these variables, a second model included racial microaggressions, everyday racial microaggressions, and internalized racism, which explained 51.8% of the variance. The model showed that traumatic events ( b = 0.6; p = 0.02), racial microaggressions ( b = 0.5; p < 0.001), everyday discrimination ( b = 0.2; p = 0.03) and internalized racism ( b = 0.5; p < 0.001) were positively associated with PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions

This article highlights the detrimental consequences of racial discrimination against Black people in Canada. Prevention and mental health programs aimed at mitigating its consequences on the lives of Black people and other racialized populations must be implemented.
Worth Less? Exploring the Effects of Subminimum Wages on Poverty among U.S. Hourly Workers
Authors: Maroto Michelle , Pettinicchio David
Published: September 2022

The Fair Labor Standards Act’s minimum wage laws provide important protections for workers. However, it still permits employers to pay subminimum wages to youth under age 20, student-vocational learners, full-time students, individuals with disabilities, and tipped workers. This has important economic consequences, especially for economically vulnerable workers in the low-wage sector. Using 2009–2019 Current Population Survey–Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-MORG) data ( n = 502,976), we find that 3.7 percent (about 1,565,805) of hourly workers were paid subminimum wages based on state minimum wage laws, and subminimum wages were associated with increases in family poverty by 1.4 percentage points. Importantly, the relationship between subminimum wages and poverty differed across workers with particularly telling results for disability. Unlike for youth and students for whom access to subminimum wage labor was associated with decreased family poverty, subminimum wage work compounded already high poverty rates for hourly workers with disabilities. Within a broader context of low-wage work, this research speaks to the impacts of subminimum pay on economic insecurity and poverty—an ongoing social problem disproportionately affecting people with disabilities.
Systematic Review of Naturalistic Language Interventions in Schools: Child- and Adult-Level Outcomes for Verbal Communication
Authors: Lane Justin D. , Graley Devin , Shepley Collin , Lynch Katherine M.
Published: September 2022

Naturalistic language interventions are commonly recommended to educators when teaching children to reliably share their wants, interests, and feelings with others. Recommendations include providing focused attention on a child and embedding multiple instructional opportunities within and across activities. Although such practices are commonly recommended, educators have multiple responsibilities throughout the day and need practical guidelines for implementing these relatively complex procedures in practice. The purpose of this review was to identify experimental studies where educators were trained to conduct naturalistic language interventions in schools for the purposes of improving verbal social communication in children with or at risk for disabilities. We identified a total of 38 experimental studies published in 19 articles. Most studies were conducted by classroom teachers with children with autism spectrum disorder. Inadequate methodological rigor limited the applicability of findings for guiding educators in practice. Practical implications for evaluating naturalistic language interventions in schools are discussed.
Trajectories of temperament from late childhood through adolescence and associations with anxiety and depression in young adulthood
Authors: Lawson Katherine M , Bleidorn Wiebke , Hopwood Christopher J , Cheng Rongxin , Robins Richard W
Published: September 2022

Anxiety and depression are pervasive and pernicious mental health problems for young adults. Developmental trajectories of adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, and Positive Emotionality) may help us predict who will experience anxiety/depression during young adulthood. The present study used longitudinal data from a large, community sample of Mexican-origin youth ( N = 674) to examine how temperament develops across adolescence (age 10–16) and whether the developmental trajectories of temperament are associated with anxiety/depression during young adulthood (ages 19 and 21). Results indicate that Effortful Control, Negatively Emotionality, and the Affiliation facet of Positive Emotionality tend to decrease across adolescence, whereas Surgency tends to increase. Smaller decreases in Effortful Control and greater increases in Positive Emotionality across adolescence were associated with fewer anxiety/depression symptoms during young adulthood, whereas smaller decreases in Negative Emotionality were associated with more anxiety/depression symptoms later on. Thus, temperament development serves as both a protective factor (Effortful Control, Positive Emotionality) and a risk factor (Negative Emotionality) for later anxiety/depression in Mexican-origin youth.
The Pack
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: September 2022

This is a poem written to describe the experiences of The Great Plains Parse Scholars Group.
Thoughts About Teaching: A Nursing Discipline–Specific Perspective of Lifespan Growth and Development
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

This essay addresses a nursing discipline- specific approach to teaching a course about lifespan growth and development. This course may be a requirement for the baccalaureate degree in nursing, offered as a pre-requisite to the nursing major or relevant content may be integrated into clinical courses. Noteworthy is that the content for the course frequently is drawn from the field of developmental psychology. In this essay, I offer a nursing-discipline specific approach guided by Meleis’ transitions framework and the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing based on activities of daily living.
Leading-Following: Living Quality and Spending Time
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore the ways in which living quality shapes the ways nurses and leaders spend their time with ever-changing value priorities.
Promoting Adaptation in Female Inmates to Reduce Risk of Opioid Overdose Post-Release Through HOPE
Authors: Hunt Jennifer D. , Lord Melissa , Kapu April N. , Buckner Ellen
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the project was to develop a sustainable pre-release education program to reduce the risk of opioid overdose post-release in female inmates in a rural county jail in Middle Tennessee. The project was supported and guided using Roy’s adaptation model. Content analysis resulted in common themes (initiation, moral failure, ineffective strategies, supportive environment, new beginnings, and adaptive domains), identified within the pre- and post-implementation surveys. The implementation of a successful reentry program for the vulnerable female incarcerated population has the potential to reduce the risk of opioid overdose death and negative health outcomes post-release.
Orem’s Theory with Educational Telephone Follow-ups: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ökten Çiğdem , Özer Zeynep
Published: September 2022

The authors of this study examined the effect of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory (OSCDT) based education and telephone follow-ups on the self-care agency, anxiety, loneliness, and well-being of patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy. In this study, data of 47 patients with colorectal cancer (randomly assigned into the intervention or control group) were collected between April 2016 and March 2017 from a university hospital’s daytime chemotherapy unit in Turkey. Before chemotherapy, the intervention group was given individualized education based on the OSCDT and an educational booklet. After chemotherapy treatments, these patients received a telephone follow-up call. The control group received only routine nursing care. The self-care agency and general well-being, and its sub-dimensions, of the intervention group increased, and its state-trait anxiety and loneliness levels decreased, when compared with the control group. Nurses must play a more active role in education and follow-ups, and telephone follow-ups should be included in nursing care in chemotherapy units.
Savoring the Now Moment
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with being present to what is emerging in the now moment. Theoretical perspectives from spirituality, psychology, western and eastern philosophy, the humanbecoming paradigm, and personal experiences of the author are presented in relation to the importance of focusing on NOW.
Living a Nonlinear Concept of Aging: Toward A Global Perspective
Authors: Baumann Steven L.
Published: September 2022

The author in this article suggests that applying a simple linear concept of time to the phenomenon of aging and development in the United States and around the world is both outdated and problematic, and he explores an alternative view. The author suggests that nursing and other sciences should stop considering age as a non-modifiable risk factor. Various nursing and other theories that support a nonlinear view of time and aging are included, as well as reports from the growing field of geoscience that holds that we can and should target aging and that it can be slowed and, in some cases, reversed. Some implications for nursing and the world are included.
The Living Experience of Feeling Peaceful
Authors: Reding Noreen
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to report the findings of a Parse research method inquiry on the universal living experience of feeling peaceful. The Parse research method was used to answer the question: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling peaceful? Ten participants from the American Indian population were recruited. The central finding of the inquiry was the structure: The living experience of feeling peaceful is serene contemplation surfacing with gratifying engagements while enduring hardship. The findings are discussed in relation to the humanbecoming paradigm and related literature.
Barrett’s Power Theory: Re-Conceptualizing the Pediatric Organ Donation Experience With Letter Writing
Authors: Etheridge-Bagley Erin
Published: September 2022

Pediatric organ donation is often a time of reported turbulence and isolation for both families involved. Communication through letter writing is a way for those families to connect and heal, if they choose to participate. Barrett’s Power as Knowing in Participation in Change Theory, with its accompanying health patterning, is applicable to this experience by facilitating awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in the change process related to the pediatric organ donation process. Two families’ experiences connected through organ donation and letter writing, as conceptualized through the lens of Barrett’s Power Theory, supported future use of patterning of knowing participation in change for families.
Aseneth: A tale from the religious frontier
Authors: Sheppard Anthony
Published: September 2022

After discussing issues surrounding the distinction between Christian and Jewish apocryphal/pseudepigraphic texts, this paper suggests that the composition of ( Joseph and) Aseneth could have been stimulated by the shift to a matrilineal definition of inherited Jewish status, datable to the second-century C.E. It is further argued that this text cannot have originated in either Christian or rabbinic Jewish circles, but most probably belongs in a mystically inclined, fringe Jewish group, perhaps identifying themselves as “god-fearers” ( theosebeis), and possibly influenced by Valentinian Gnosticism. The paper accepts a view of the text as tending toward syncretism in its spirituality and notes the importance of erotic and novelistic features in the narrative.