bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciliated (FOXJ1+) Cells Display Reduced Ferritin Light Chain in the Airways of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Wijk Sofia C. , Prabhala Pavan , Löfdahl Anna , Nybom Annika , Lang Stefan , Brunnström Hans , Bjermer Leif , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla , Magnusson Mattias
Published: March 2022

Cell-based therapies hold great promise in re-establishing organ function for many diseases, including untreatable lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, many hurdles still remain, in part due to our lack of knowledge about the disease-driving mechanisms that may affect the cellular niche and thereby possibly hinder the function of any transplanted cells by imposing the disease phenotype onto the newly generated progeny. Recent findings have demonstrated increased ciliation of lung cells from IPF patients, but how this affects ciliated cell function and the airway milieu is not well-known. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on primary ciliated (FOXJ1+) cells isolated from IPF patients and from healthy control donors. The sequencing identified multiple biological processes, such as cilium morphogenesis and cell signaling, that were significantly changed between IPF and healthy ciliated cells. Ferritin light chain (FTL) was downregulated in IPF, which suggests that iron metabolism may be affected in the IPF ciliated cells. The RNA expression was confirmed at the protein level with histological localization in lung tissue, prompting future functional assays to reveal the potential role of FTL. Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of careful analyses in pure cell populations to better understand the IPF disease mechanism.
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Strain-Specific Differences in Neuroinflammation and MHC-I Pathway Regulation in the Brains of Bl6 and 129Sv Mice
Authors: Piirsalu Maria , Chithanathan Keerthana , Jayaram Mohan , Visnapuu Tanel , Lilleväli Kersti , Zilmer Mihkel , Vasar Eero
Published: March 2022

Many studies have demonstrated significant mouse-strain-specific differences in behavior and response to pathogenic and pharmacological agents. This study seeks to characterize possible differences in microglia activation and overall severity of neuroinflammation in two widely used mouse strains, C57BL/6NTac (Bl6) and 129S6/SvEvTac (129Sv), in response to acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Locomotor activity within the open field arena revealed similar 24 h motor activity decline in both strains. Both strains also exhibited significant bodyweight loss due to LPS treatment, although it was more severe in the Bl6 strain. Furthermore, LPS induced a hypothermic response in Bl6 mice, which was not seen in 129Sv. We found that 24 h LPS challenge significantly increased the inflammatory status of microglia in 129Sv mice. On the other hand, we observed that, under physiological conditions, microglia of Bl6 seemed to be in a higher immune-alert state. Gene and protein expression analysis revealed that LPS induces a significantly stronger upregulation of MHC-I-pathway-related components in the brain of Bl6 compared to 129Sv mice. The most striking difference was detected in the olfactory bulb, where we observed significant LPS-induced upregulation of MHC-I pathway components in Bl6 mice, whereas no alterations were observed in 129Sv. We observed significant positive correlations between bodyweight decline and expressions of MHC-I components in the olfactory bulbs of Bl6 mice and the frontal cortex of 129Sv, highlighting different brain regions most affected by LPS in these strains. Our findings suggest that the brains of Bl6 mice exist in a more immunocompetent state compared to 129Sv mice.
Automatic Deep-Learning Segmentation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue from Low-Dose Chest CT and Prognosis Impact on COVID-19
Authors: Bartoli Axel , Fournel Joris , Ait-Yahia Léa , Cadour Farah , Tradi Farouk , Ghattas Badih , Cortaredona Sébastien , Million Matthieu , Lasbleiz Adèle , Dutour Anne , Gaborit Bénédicte , Jacquier Alexis
Published: March 2022

Background: To develop a deep-learning (DL) pipeline that allowed an automated segmentation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) from low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and investigate the link between EAT and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Methods: This monocentric retrospective study included 353 patients: 95 for training, 20 for testing, and 238 for prognosis evaluation. EAT segmentation was obtained after thresholding on a manually segmented pericardial volume. The model was evaluated with Dice coefficient (DSC), inter-and intraobserver reproducibility, and clinical measures. Uni-and multi-variate analyzes were conducted to assess the prognosis value of the EAT volume, EAT extent, and lung lesion extent on clinical outcomes, including hospitalization, oxygen therapy, intensive care unit admission and death. Results: The mean DSC for EAT volumes was 0.85 ± 0.05. For EAT volume, the mean absolute error was 11.7 ± 8.1 cm3 with a non-significant bias of −4.0 ± 13.9 cm3 and a correlation of 0.963 with the manual measures (p < 0.01). The multivariate model providing the higher AUC to predict adverse outcome include both EAT extent and lung lesion extent (AUC = 0.805). Conclusions: A DL algorithm was developed and evaluated to obtain reproducible and precise EAT segmentation on LDCT. EAT extent in association with lung lesion extent was associated with adverse clinical outcomes with an AUC = 0.805.
The Effect of Interaction NGF/p75NTR in Sperm Cells: A Rabbit Model
Authors: Castellini Cesare , Mattioli Simona , Cotozzolo Elisa , Pistilli Alessandra , Rende Mario , Bartolini Desirée , Di Sante Gabriele , Menchetti Laura , Dal Bosco Alessandro , Stabile Anna Maria
Published: March 2022

Background: Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) plays an important role in the reproductive system through its receptor’s interaction (p75NTR). This paper aims to analyze the impact of NGF p75NTR in epididymal and ejaculated rabbit semen during in vitro sperm storage. Methods: Semen samples from 10 adult rabbit bucks were collected four times (n = 40) and analyzed. NGF was quantified in seminal plasma, and the basal expression of p75NTR in sperm was established (time 0). Moreover, we evaluated p75NTR, the apoptotic rates, and the main sperm parameters, at times 2–4 and 6 h with or without the administration of exogenous NGF. Results: Based on the level of p75NTR, we defined the threshold value (25.6%), and sperm were divided into High (H) and Normal (N). During sperm storage, p75NTR of H samples significantly modulated some relevant sperm parameters. Specifically, comparing H samples with N ones, we observed a reduction in motility and non-capacitated cell number, together with an increased percentage of dead and apoptotic cells. Notably, the N group showed a reduction in dead and apoptotic cells after NGF treatment. Conversely, the NGF administration on H sperm did not change either the percentage of dead cells or the apoptotic rate. Conclusion: The concentration of p75NTR on ejaculated sperm modulates many semen outcomes (motility, apoptosis, viability) through NGF interaction affecting the senescence of sperm.
Interconnection between Cardiac Cachexia and Heart Failure—Protective Role of Cardiac Obesity
Authors: Soto María Elena , Pérez-Torres Israel , Rubio-Ruiz María Esther , Manzano-Pech Linaloe , Guarner-Lans Verónica
Published: March 2022

Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal muscle degradation. Cardiac cachexia is the loss of edema-free muscle mass with or without affecting fat tissue. It is mainly caused by a loss of balance between protein synthesis and degradation, or it may result from intestinal malabsorption. The loss of balance in protein synthesis and degradation may be the consequence of altered endocrine mediators such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, melanocortin, growth hormone and neuropeptide Y. In contrast to many other health problems, fat accumulation in the heart is protective in this condition. Fat in the heart can be divided into epicardial, myocardial and cardiac steatosis. In this review, we describe and discuss these topics, pointing out the interconnection between heart failure and cardiac cachexia and the protective role of cardiac obesity. We also set the basis for possible screening methods that may allow for a timely diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, since there is still no cure for this condition. Several therapeutic procedures are discussed including exercise, nutritional proposals, myostatin antibodies, ghrelin, anabolic steroids, anti-inflammatory substances, beta-adrenergic agonists, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, cannabinoids, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors and pentoxifylline. However, to this date, there is no cure for cachexia.
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated IL-1 Signaling in Response to Doxorubicin Activates PD-L1 Expression in Osteosarcoma Models
Authors: Yati Su , Silathapanasakul Atiruj , Thakaeng Chakrarin , Chanasakulniyom Mayuree , Songtawee Napat , Porntadavity Sureerut , Pothacharoen Peraphan , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Kongtawelert Prachya , Yenchitsomanus Pa-thai , Chanmee Theerawut
Published: March 2022

The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumors is associated with tumor cell escape from T-cell cytotoxicity, and is considered a crucial effector in chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Although PD-L1 induction has been observed in patients after chemotherapy treatment, the mechanism by which the drug activates PD-L1 expression remains elusive. Here, we identified the extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a molecular mediator that determines the effect of doxorubicin on PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma models. Mechanistically, doxorubicin dependently stimulates the release of extracellular vesicles, which mediate autocrine/paracrine signals in osteosarcoma cells. The recipient cells were stimulated by these EVs and acquired the ability to promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. In response to doxorubicin, IL-1β, but not IL-6, allowed- osteosarcoma cells to promote the expression of PD-L1, and the elimination of IL-1β/IL-1 receptor signaling with IL-1 receptor antagonist reduced PD-L1 expression. Together, these findings provided insights into the role of EV release in response to chemotherapy that mediates PD-L1 expression via the IL-1 signaling pathway, and suggested that the combination of a drug targeting IL-1 or PD-L1 with chemotherapy could be an effective treatment option for osteosarcoma patients.
Non-Linear Frequency Dependence of Neurovascular Coupling in the Cerebellar Cortex Implies Vasodilation–Vasoconstriction Competition
Authors: Gagliano Giuseppe , Monteverdi Anita , Casali Stefano , Laforenza Umberto , Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia A. M. , D’Angelo Egidio , Mapelli Lisa
Published: March 2022

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the process associating local cerebral blood flow (CBF) to neuronal activity (NA). Although NVC provides the basis for the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect used in functional MRI (fMRI), the relationship between NVC and NA is still unclear. Since recent studies reported cerebellar non-linearities in BOLD signals during motor tasks execution, we investigated the NVC/NA relationship using a range of input frequencies in acute mouse cerebellar slices of vermis and hemisphere. The capillary diameter increased in response to mossy fiber activation in the 6–300 Hz range, with a marked inflection around 50 Hz (vermis) and 100 Hz (hemisphere). The corresponding NA was recorded using high-density multi-electrode arrays and correlated to capillary dynamics through a computational model dissecting the main components of granular layer activity. Here, NVC is known to involve a balance between the NMDAR-NO pathway driving vasodilation and the mGluRs-20HETE pathway driving vasoconstriction. Simulations showed that the NMDAR-mediated component of NA was sufficient to explain the time course of the capillary dilation but not its non-linear frequency dependence, suggesting that the mGluRs-20HETE pathway plays a role at intermediate frequencies. These parallel control pathways imply a vasodilation–vasoconstriction competition hypothesis that could adapt local hemodynamics at the microscale bearing implications for fMRI signals interpretation.
Predicting Mitochondrial Dynamic Behavior in Genetically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Dorn Gerald W. , Dang Xiawei
Published: March 2022

Mitochondrial dynamics encompass mitochondrial fusion, fission, and movement. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are seemingly ubiquitous, whereas mitochondrial movement is especially important for organelle transport through neuronal axons. Here, we review the roles of different mitochondrial dynamic processes in mitochondrial quantity and quality control, emphasizing their impact on the neurological system in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedrich’s ataxia, dominant optic atrophy, and Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases. In addition to mechanisms and concepts, we explore in detail different technical approaches for measuring mitochondrial dynamic dysfunction in vitro, describe how results from tissue culture studies may be applied to a better understanding of mitochondrial dysdynamism in human neurodegenerative diseases, and suggest how this experimental platform can be used to evaluate candidate therapeutics in different diseases or in individual patients sharing the same clinical diagnosis.
The Role of CD200–CD200 Receptor in Human Blood and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Regulation of Skin Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Rütsche Dominic , Michalak-Micka Katarzyna , Zielinska Dominika , Moll Hannah , Moehrlen Ueli , Biedermann Thomas , Klar Agnes S.
Published: March 2022

CD200 is a cell membrane glycoprotein that interacts with its structurally related receptor (CD200R) expressed on immune cells. We characterized CD200–CD200R interactions in human adult/juvenile (j/a) and fetal (f) skin and in in vivo prevascularized skin substitutes (vascDESS) prepared by co-culturing human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), containing both blood (BEC) and lymphatic (LEC) EC. We detected the highest expression of CD200 on lymphatic capillaries in j/a and f skin as well as in vascDESS in vivo, whereas it was only weakly expressed on blood capillaries. Notably, the highest CD200 levels were detected on LEC with enhanced Podoplanin expression, while reduced expression was observed on Podoplanin-low LEC. Further, qRT-PCR analysis revealed upregulated expression of some chemokines, including CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) in j/aCD200+ LEC, as compared to j/aCD200− LEC. The expression of CD200R was mainly detected on myeloid cells such as granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, T cells in human peripheral blood, and human and rat skin. Functional immunoassays demonstrated specific binding of skin-derived CD200+ HDMEC to myeloid CD200R+ cells in vitro. Importantly, we confirmed enhanced CD200–CD200R interaction in vascDESS in vivo. We concluded that the CD200–CD200R axis plays a crucial role in regulating tissue inflammation during skin wound healing.
S100A4 Is a Strong Negative Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Esophagus
Authors: Treese Christoph , Hartl Kimberly , Pötzsch Michelle , Dahlmann Matthias , von Winterfeld Moritz , Berg Erika , Hummel Michael , Timm Lena , Rau Beate , Walther Wolfgang , Daum Severin , Kobelt Dennis , Stein Ulrike
Published: March 2022

Deregulated Wnt-signaling is a key mechanism driving metastasis in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and stomach (AGE/S). The oncogene S100A4 was identified as a Wnt-signaling target gene and is known to promote metastasis. In this project, we illuminate the role of S100A4 for metastases development and disease prognosis of AGE/S. Five gastric cancer cell lines were assessed for S100A4 expression. Two cell lines with endogenous high S100A4 expression were used for functional phenotyping including analysis of proliferation and migration after stable S100A4 knock-down. The prognostic value of S100A4 was evaluated by analyzing the S100A4 expression of tissue microarrays with samples of 277 patients with AGE/S. S100A4 knock-down induced lower migration in FLO1 and NCI-N87 cells. Treatment with niclosamide in these cells led to partial inhibition of S100A4 and to reduced migration. Patients with high S100A4 expression showed lower 5-year overall and disease-specific survival. In addition, a larger share of patients in the S100A4 high expressing group suffered from metachronous metastasis. This study identifies S100A4 as a negative prognostic marker for patients with AGE/S. The strong correlation between S100A4 expression, metastases development and patient survival might open opportunities to use S100A4 to improve the prognosis of these patients and as a therapeutic target for intervention in this tumor entity.
A Temporary Pause in the Replication Licensing Restriction Leads to Rereplication during Early Human Cell Differentiation
Authors: Minet Marie , Abu-Halima Masood , Du Yiqing , Doerr Julia , Isted Christina , Ludwig Nicole , Keller Andreas , Meese Eckart , Fischer Ulrike
Published: March 2022

Gene amplifications in amphibians and flies are known to occur during development and have been well characterized, unlike in mammalian cells, where they are predominantly investigated as an attribute of tumors. Recently, we first described gene amplifications in human and mouse neural stem cells, myoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells during differentiation. The mechanism leading to gene amplifications in amphibians and flies depends on endocycles and multiple origin-firings. So far, there is no knowledge about a comparable mechanism in normal human cells. Here, we describe rereplication during the early myotube differentiation of human skeletal myoblast cells, using fiber combing and pulse-treatment with EdU (5′-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine)/CldU (5-Chlor-2′-deoxyuridine) and IdU (5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine)/CldU. We found rereplication during a restricted time window between 2 h and 8 h after differentiation induction. Rereplication was detected in cells simultaneously with the amplification of the MDM2 gene. Our findings support rereplication as a mechanism enabling gene amplification in normal human cells.
Porous Zirconia Blocks for Bone Repair: An Integrative Review on Biological and Mechanical Outcomes
Authors: Resende-Gonçalves Cláudia Inês , Sampaio Nuno , Moreira Joaquim , Carvalho Oscar , Caramês João , Manzanares-Céspedes Maria Cristina , Silva Filipe , Henriques Bruno , Souza Júlio
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the biological and mechanical outcomes of porous zirconia structures for extensive bone repair. An electronic search was performed on the PubMed database using a combination of the following scientific terms: porous, scaffold, foam, zirconia, bone regeneration, bone repair, bone healing. Articles published in the English language up to December 2021 and related to porosity, pore interconnectivity, biocompatibility and strength of the material, and the manufacturing methods of zirconia porous structures were included. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were also evaluated. The research identified 145 studies, of which 23 were considered relevant. A high percentage of pores and the size and interconnectivity of pores are key factors for cell migration, attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, pore interconnectivity allows for the exchange of nutrients between cells and formation of blood vessels. However, a decrease in strength of the porous structures was noted with an increase in the number and size of pores. Therefore, yttria-stabilized zirconia tetragonal polycrystal (Y-TZP) has mechanical properties that make it suitable for the manufacture of highly porous structures or implants for extensive bone repair. Additionally, the porous structures can be coated with bioactive ceramics to enhance the cell response and bone ingrowth without compromising pore networking. Porous structures and mesh implants composed of zirconia have become a strategy for extensive bone repair since the material and the pore network provide the desired biological response and bone volume maintenance.
A Sustainable Synthetic Approach to the Indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IDT) Core through Cascade Cyclization–Deprotection Reactions
Authors: Forti Giacomo , Nitti Andrea , Bianchi Gabriele , Po Riccardo , Pasini Dario
Published: March 2022

Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJs) are competitive within the emerging photovoltaic technologies for solar energy conversion because of their unique advantages. Their development has been boosted recently by the introduction of nonfullerene electron acceptors (NFAs), to be used in combination with a polymeric electron donor in the active layer composition. Many of the recent advances in NFAs are attributable to the class of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs), which is now predominant, with one of the most notable examples being formed with a fused five-member-ring indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IDT) core. Here, we propose a novel and more sustainable synthesis for the IDT core. Our approach bypasses tin derivatives needed in the Stille condensation, whose byproducts are toxic and difficult to dispose of, and it makes use of cascade reactions, effectively reducing the number of synthetic steps.
Research-Based Intervention (RBI) for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Looking beyond Traditional Models and Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials
Authors: Narzisi Antonio , Alonso-Esteban Yurena , Masi Gabriele , Alcantud-Marín Francisco
Published: March 2022

The rising prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has led to a quickly increasing need for effective interventions. Several criteria and measures have been developed to critically assess these interventions with particular focus on the evaluation of the efficacy. Given the huge diversity of ASD symptoms and the different levels of severity across individuals, identifying a one size fits all intervention approach is challenging, and the question What works and for whom? Remains still unanswered. Why do we seem to be dragging our feet on this fundamental issue? The main aim of this paper is to answer this question through four non-alternative points. First, there are a scarce number of studies with a solid methodology. Secondly, most trials on intervention efficacy for ASD are designed exclusively in terms of behavioral outcomes. Thirdly, there is a reduced use of biologically oriented outcome measures. Fourthly, in most clinical trials, appropriate practices emerging from research evidence are not systematically applied. A strong effort to improve the methodology of clinical trials is mandatory for the future of autism research. The development of a research-based intervention (RBI) perspective aimed at better integrating: (a) evidence-based approaches; (b) more sensitive behavioral outcome measures; and (c) biomarkers, with the aim of increasing a more detailed clustering of phenotypes, may strongly improve our approach to a precision medicine.
One-Year Clinical Performance of Activa™ Bioactive-Restorative Composite in Primary Molars
Authors: Lardani Lisa , Derchi Giacomo , Marchio Vincenzo , Carli Elisabetta
Published: March 2022

Restorative procedures for caries affecting primary molars are a daily challenge for pediatric dentistry, and one of the main factors influencing the results of these restorative procedures is the choice of dental material used: bioactive materials were recently introduced, combining the strength of composites and the benefits of glass ionomers. The present study’s objective is to clinically evaluate the aesthetic, functional and biological properties of Activa™ Bioactive composite in approximal and occlusal carious lesions for 1 year using the FDI criteria for evaluating direct dental restorations. Forty-five children with occlusal or approximal caries in first or second primary molars were included in the study: the cavities were then randomized to be restored with either Activa BioActive or SDR Bulk-fill and evaluated over time according to Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Results showed that Activa BioActive composite has similar performance over time compared to Bulk-fill composite, for both functional and aesthetic properties. Thus, within the limitations of this study, including the short follow-up period, it can be concluded that bioactive materials might be the material of choice to restore primary molars. A longer follow-up period is desirable to confirm these findings.
The Psychometric Properties of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3) with Kurdish Samples of Children with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Samadi Sayyed Ali , Noori Hana , Abdullah Amir , Ahmed Lizan , Abdalla Barez , Biçak Cemal A. , McConkey Roy
Published: March 2022

There is marked variation internationally in the prevalence of children identified as having autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In part, this may reflect a shortage of screening tools for the early identification of children with ASD in many countries. This study aimed to evaluate the Kurdish translation of the Gilliam autism rating scale—third edition (GARS-3), a scale commonly used in Western countries that evaluates six domains related to the ASD definition from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 5, notably Restricted/Repetitive Behavior, deficits in Social interaction and Social Communication, as well as differences in Cognitive Style, Maladaptive Speech, and Emotional Response. GARS-3 assessments were completed through interviews with parents of 735 children, 442 (53%) of whom were diagnosed with ASD. 165 (22%) with an intellectual disability, 49 (7%) with communication disorders, and 133 (18%) typically developing children. The reliability, construct, and the predictive validity of the scale was assessed, and the scores suggestive of a child having ASD were identified. The factor structure was broadly replicated, especially on items relating to social interaction and social communication. The cutoffs for the total scores that were indicative of possible ASD had a high degree of specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing children with ASD from typically developing peers. Some children with I.D. and communication disorders may also score above the threshold, and further assessments should be sought to confirm the presence of autistic traits. Although GARS-3 could be recommended for use in Kurdistan and possibly similar cultures, further prospective research is needed to confirm a diagnosis of assessment with children who score above and below the cutoff scores identified in this study. Moreover, the development of normative data drawn from Kurdish samples of children would be advantageous, although ambitious, given the lack of diagnostic services in many low- and middle-income countries.
Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multicenter Case-Control Study
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed , Alhashmi Wafaa , Abualsaud Renad , Alamoudi Anas , Aljawad Afnan , Tunkar Mariam , Felemban Nooran , Basalim Ahmed , Khan Muhammad , Alanazi Aziz , Almehaidib Ali
Published: March 2022

Objective: Multiple environmental factors can be linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).With an increase in the cases of IBD, the objective of this research is to investigate environmental risk factors for IBD in the Saudi population. Methods: A retrospective multicenter case–control study was performed among IBD children from 2009 to 2021.The variables analyzed to be the possible risk factors included their socioeconomic status, living and demographic characteristics, and lifestyle related to IBD. The questionnaire included a list of IBD risk factors that was given to the control and the patient group. For every variable, the 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds rations were also estimated. Results: There were 335 individuals considered in this study: 168 controls (50.1%) and 167 IBD patients (49.9%). Of these, 93 IBD patients (56%) had CD and 74 patients (44%) had UC. Most of participants were female (72.1%) and were aged above 10 years (51.5%). Vaginal delivery (OR 0.551, 95% CI: 1.59–4.14), age above 10 years (OR 1.040, 95% CI: 1.012–1.069), deficient fruit intake (OR 2.572, 95% CI: 1.59–4.14), no exposure to antibiotics (OR 2.396, 95% CI: 1.51–3.81), appendectomy (OR 2.098, 95% CI: 1.87–2.35), less physical activity (OR 2.033, 95% CI: 1.05–3.93) and gastroenteritis admissions > 2 times/year (OR 0.107, 95% CI: 0.037–0.311) were the risk factors for IBD. These factors depicted a more significant link with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Interestingly, sleep disturbance was estimated to be a CD risk factor (adjusted OR: 3.291, 95% CI = 0.97–11.22). Pets in house was risk factor for UC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights association between vaginal delivery, age above 10 years, deficient fruit intake, low physical activity, exposure to antibiotics, appendectomy, and frequent gastroenteritis admissions as risk factors for IBD. Knowledge of these risk factors can help pediatricians to prospectively identify patients at risk of environmental exposure.
Do COVID-19 Worries, Resilience and Emotional Distress Influence Life Satisfaction? Outcomes in Adolescents in Ecuador during the Pandemic: SEM vs. QCA
Authors: Herrera Juan Sebastián , Lacomba-Trejo Laura , Valero-Moreno Selene , Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada , Pérez-Marín Marián
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 and the measures adopted have been a problem for society at all levels. The aim of the study was to analyze the main predictors of life satisfaction among adolescents in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 902 adolescents from Ecuador aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 1.28). Variables such as life satisfaction, resilience, emotional symptomatology, and worries about COVID-19 were assessed. Two statistical methodologies were compared (structural equation models (SEM) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)) to analyze the possible influence of worries about COVID-19, resilience and emotional symptomatology towards life satisfaction. The results indicated that in both models, worries about COVID-19 were negatively related to life satisfaction. However, having a greater worry, specifically for physical health issues, was associated with better life satisfaction. SEM models indicate that depression is negatively related to life satisfaction. In QCA models, high levels of life satisfaction are explained by low levels of anxiety and depression. Thus, resilience seems to play a mediating role in life satisfaction, although this is only true for the depression variable. It is necessary to detect signs of risk in this population and strengthen resilience in them as elements that can facilitate their adequate coping with their adverse situation.
Copeptin Concentrations in Plasma of Healthy Neonates in Relation to Water–Electrolyte Homeostasis in the Early Adaptation Period
Authors: Jarosz-Lesz Anna , Brzozowska Aniceta , Maruniak-Chudek Iwona
Published: March 2022

Copeptin (CTproAVP) is a stable by-product of arginine–vasopressin synthesis and reflects its secretion by the pituitary gland, considered as a potential new marker of dehydration. The objective of the study was to investigate CTproAVP measured after the first 48 h of postnatal life in relation to serum effective osmolality, urine osmolality, and vessels filling according to the following variables: delivery mode, postnatal weight loss, fluids administered intravenously to the mother, and fluids given orally to the neonate. A prospective observational study was conducted with 200 healthy term infants (53% male) enrolled. Serum CTproAVP concentrations were measured using the ELISA kit; haematocrit, urine osmolality, serum effective osmolality were assessed after 48 h of life. Sonographic measurements of inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta (Ao) were performed and IVC/Ao ratios were calculated. No correlations were found between CTproAVP concentrations and both serum effective osmolality and urine osmolality. There was also no association between CTproAVP concentrations and vessel filling represented by IVC/Ao index at 48 h of life.
Older Children with Torso Trauma Could Be Managed by Adult Trauma Surgeons in Collaboration with Pediatric Surgeons
Authors: Huang Hsiang-Chieh , Teng Tzu-Chi , Ming Yung-Ching , Lin Jainn-Jim , Liao Chien-Hung , Hsieh Chi-Hsun , Li Pei-Hua , Fu Chih-Yuan
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the roles of pediatric surgeons and adult trauma surgeons in the management of pediatric torso trauma patients in a Level I adult trauma center. Methods: From 2015 to 2019, pediatric torso trauma patients (age < 18 years) were studied. A comparison between patients who did and did not undergo surgery was performed. Older children (age: 10–18 years) were compared with young adults (age: 18–35 years) selected with the same criteria using propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: A total of 226 patients were included in the study. Patients who underwent surgery for torso trauma (N = 61) were significantly older than patients who did not undergo surgery (N = 165) (13.1 vs. 10.4 years, p = 0.019). Both PSM and IPTW showed that the older children and young adult groups had similar proportions of patients requiring surgery (32.6% vs. 32.6%, standard difference (SD) = 0.000), proportions of patients who required torso angioembolization (8.7% vs. 9.8%, SD = 0.072), length of hospital stay (LOS) (8.1 vs. 8.0 days, SD = 0.026), and intensive care unit admission LOS (2.6 vs. 2.7 days, SD = 0.033). However, 7.1% of older children received critical care from pediatric surgeons. Additionally, 31.9% of younger children were cared for by pediatric surgeons/pediatricians. Conclusions: Adult trauma surgeons can feasibly perform surgeries for older children with torso trauma in collaboration with pediatric surgeons who provide critical care.
Features of the Metabolisms of Cardiac Troponin Molecules—Part 1: The Main Stages of Metabolism, Release Stage
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey Michailovich
Published: March 2022

Cardiac troponins (cTns) have long been the most valuable and specific biomarkers for detecting ischemic myocardial cells (MCs) injury, which is one of the key signs of myocardial infarction (MI). Modern methods (highly sensitive and ultra-sensitive immunoassays (hs-cTns)) of detection are an important and indispensable tool for the early diagnosis of MI and the choice of patient management protocols. Timely diagnosis of MI can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. However, in real clinical practice, doctors often face a significant problem when using cTns—the difficulty of differential diagnosis due to frequent and unexplained increases in the concentration of cTns in blood serum. In addition, there is conflicting information that may potentially affect the diagnostic capabilities and value of cTns: the influence of certain biological factors (diurnal rhythm, gender and age) on serum cTns levels; extra-cardiac expression of cTns; the possibilities of non-invasive diagnosis of MI; and other pathological conditions that cause non-ischemic injury to MCs. To solve these problems, it is necessary to concentrate on studying the metabolism of cTns. The review of our current knowledge about cTns metabolism consists of two parts. In this (first) part of the manuscript, the main stages of cTns metabolism are briefly described and the mechanisms of cTns release from MCs are considered in detail.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Three Isolated Compounds of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (PAF) in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Park Hyun-Jung , Shim Hyun Soo , Han Ah-Reum , Seo Eun-Kyoung , Kim Kyu-Ri , Han Bong Hee , Shim Insop
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: Three isolated compounds from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (PAF) have been investigated to possess a variety of biological activities. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (Ultraviolet (UV), High-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-Ms), and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in vitro; (2) Methods: To investigate the mechanisms of action of PAF extracts and their isolated compounds, their anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii three isolated compounds of PAF for 30 min prior to stimulation with or without LPS for the indicated times. The inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain (RT-PCR); (3) Results Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with LPS alone resulted in significant increases in inflammatory cytokine production as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, with the treatment of isophysalin B 100 μg/mL, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated raw 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). With treatment of physalin 1–100 μg/mL, there was a markedly decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α in LPS stimulated raw 264.7 (p < 0.05). Moreover, TNF-α mRNA (p < 0.05) and IL-1β mRNA (p < 0.001) mRNA levels were significantly suppressed after treatment with 3′,7-dimethylquercetin in LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells; (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that three isolated compounds from can suppress inflammatory responses in LPS stimulated macrophage.
Climate Change, Voluntary Immobility, and Place-Belongingness: Insights from Togoru, Fiji
Authors: Yee Merewalesi , Piggott-McKellar Annah E. , McMichael Celia , McNamara Karen E.
Published: March 2022

Many low-lying communities around the world are increasingly experiencing coastal hazard risks. As such, climate-related relocation has received significant global attention as an adaptation response. However, emerging cases of populations resisting relocation in preference for remaining in place are emerging. This paper provides an account of residents of Togoru, a low-lying coastal settlement on Viti Levu Island, Fiji. Despite facing significant coastal impacts in the form of coastal erosion, tidal inundation, and saltwater intrusion, Togoru residents are opposing plans for relocation; instead opting for in-situ adaptation. We conceptualize place-belongingness to a land and people—through personal, historic and ancestral, relational, cultural, economic, and legal connections—as critical to adaptation and mobility decision-making. We argue that for adaptation strategies to be successful and sustainable, they must acknowledge the values, perspectives, and preferences of local people and account for the tangible and intangible connections to a place.
Influence of Defects and Heteroatoms on the Chemical Properties of Supported Graphene Layers
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , Savio Letizia , Vattuone Luca
Published: March 2022

A large and growing number of theoretical papers report the possible role of defects and heteroatoms on the chemical properties of single-layer graphene. Indeed, they are expected to modify the electronic structure of the graphene film, allow for chemisorption of different species, and enable more effective functionalisation. Therefore, from theoretical studies, we get the suggestion that single and double vacancies, Stone–Wales defects and heteroatoms are suitable candidates to turn nearly chemically inert graphene into an active player in chemistry, catalysis, and sensoristics. Despite these encouraging premises, experimental proofs of an enhanced reactivity of defected/doped graphene are limited because experimental studies addressing adsorption on well-defined defects and heteroatoms in graphene layers are much less abundant than theoretical ones. In this paper, we review the state of the art of experimental findings on adsorption on graphene defects and heteroatoms, covering different topics such as the role of vacancies on adsorption of oxygen and carbon monoxide, the effect of the presence of N heteroatoms on adsorption and intercalation underneath graphene monolayers, and the role of defects in covalent functionalisation and defect-induced gas adsorption on graphene transistors.
Surface Modification of Polyester/Viscose Fabric with Silica Hydrosol and Amino-Functionalized Polydimethylsiloxane for the Preparation of a Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic and Breathable Textile
Authors: Hasanzadeh Mahdi , Shahriyari Far Hossein , Haji Aminoddin , Rosace Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

This work attempted to fabricate superhydrophobic fabric via a simple immersion technique. Textile fabrics were coated with silica nanoparticles prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to obtain sufficient roughness with hydrophobic surface chemistry. Then, the coated fabrics were treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to reduce the surface energy. The effects of the PDMS concentration on the surface morphology and superhydrophobicity of as-prepared fabric were investigated. The morphology and the composition of superhydrophobic fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed the formation of spherical silica nanoparticles with an average particle size of 250 nm throughout the fabric surface. The possible interactions between silica nanoparticles and APTES, as well as the fabrics, were elucidated. Investigating the hydrophobicity of fabrics via water contact angle (WCA) measurement showed that the treated fabric exhibits excellent water repellency with a water contact angle as high as 151° and a very low water sliding angle. It was also found that the treated fabric maintained most of its hydrophobicity against repeated washing, as the WCA of superhydrophobic fabrics decreased to 141° after 25 repeated washing cycles. The comfort properties of the obtained superhydrophobic fabrics in terms of air permeability and bending length did not reveal any significant changes.
Interlaminar Shear Characteristics, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emissions of Polyurethane Mixtures
Authors: Bi Yufeng , Sun Min , Jing Shuo , Hou Derui , Zhuang Wei , Chen Sai , Jiao Xuwang , Zhao Quanman
Published: March 2022

The interlaminar shear characteristics of a polyurethane (PU) mixture composite structure, quantitatively calculating its energy consumption and carbon emissions were analyzed in this study. Inclined shear tests were carried out on thirteen structures without interlaminar treatment, and high-temperature water bath accelerated loading tests were conducted on three composite structures; further, the interlaminar shear strength of the tire trace position after the accelerated loading test was tested to analyze the influence of both the high-temperature water bath environment and loading on the structure. In addition, based on the medium repair project of the Qingdao-Yinchuan expressway, the construction log of PU mixture pavement and asphalt pavement was investigated. Combined with the calculation parameters provided by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the consumption and carbon emissions of the two types of mixtures were calculated and compared quantitatively. The results showed that the shear strength between layers of asphalt mixtures, PU mixture and asphalt mixture was less than 2 MPa; however, the shear strength between PU mixture–cement-stabilized macadam and PU mixture–PU mixture was greater than 3 MPa. Therefore, it was recommended to spread a 0.4 L/m2 two-component PU adhesive layer as the interlayer treatment scheme for the structure of asphalt mixture-PU mixture and PU mixture-asphalt mixture; the high-temperature water area and accelerated loading had different effects on the interlaminar shear strength of the three structures. The PUM-16 mixture could effectively reduce energy consumption by 88.3 and 87.2%, carbon emissions by 81.1% and 79.1% in comparison to Stone Matrix asphalt with Nominal maximum particle size of 13.2 mm (SMA-13) and Stone Matrix asphalt with Nominal maximum particle size of 19.0 mm (SMA-20). Thus, the PU mixture was confirmed to be an environmentally friendly road pavement material.
The Corrosion Behaviors of an As-Rolled Mg-8Li (in wt.%) Alloy in Two Differently Concentrated NaCl Solutions
Authors: Wang Baojie , Hou Jiyu , Luan Jiyu , Xu Daokui , Sun Haijing , Sun Jie
Published: March 2022

By means of an electrochemical workstation, hydrogen evolution device, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the corrosion behaviors of an as-rolled Mg-8%Li alloy with a dual phase structure in 0.9 wt.% NaCl and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions have been investigated and compared. The results show that when the immersion time exceeds 8 h, the hydrogen evolution rate of the alloy in the 0.9 wt.% NaCl is 3 times higher than that in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Moreover, the corrosion behaviors of the alloy are obviously different in the two differently concentrated NaCl solutions. In the 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the localized corrosion is much more severe and can occur simultaneously in the interior of both the α-Mg and β-Li matrix phases. However, the localized corrosion in the 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution is obviously weak and mainly occurs at the α-Mg phase.
A Simple Scheme for Extraction of Asphaltenes from Asphalt at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Dachuan
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a simple scheme to separate asphaltenes from asphalt at room temperature without heating or refluxing. The proposed scheme can solve the problems of high energy cost, expensive devices, and safety risks of flammable steam in standard methods of asphaltene extraction. First, the asphalt is dissolved in a good solvent to obtain a solution containing asphaltenes, and the inorganic impurity as well as residual carbons are removed by filtration. Then, the solution containing asphaltenes is dropped into poor solvent to let asphaltenes flocculate into suspended solids. Finally, the suspension is filtered, and the filter cake is dried to obtain asphaltene solid. The CHNS elements and 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance were characterized for the obtained product. Compared with asphalt, the C/H element ratios and the aromatic carbon ratios of the product were higher, which matched the elemental and structural characteristics of asphaltenes. The asphaltene yields obtained from different solvents were compared, and the reasons for the yield differences were analyzed. Recovered solvent could be used to extract asphaltenes, and the yield was found to decrease with the extraction times.