bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does Board Structure Characteristics Affect Capital Structure Decisions? Evidence from East African Stock Markets
Authors: Mwambuli Erick Lusekelo
Published: February 2018

This research examines the board structure characteristics and its effects on capital structure decisions in developing economies, East African stock markets. To achieve the objective of this research, we used a strongly balanced panel dataset of 320 observations (i.e. a sample of 32 non-financial listed firms in East African region from 2006-2015. Measures for capital structure decisions were short term debt ratio (STDR),long term debt ratio (LTDR) and total debt ratio (TDR) as dependent variables and explanatory (independent) variable was board structure characteristics measured by researcher-constructed index consisting of 10 board structure characteristics provisions; thus the board structure characteristics index (BSCI), furthermore, the effects of control variable such as firm size (SIZ),the level of economic development (GDP) and industry dummies were also examined. The panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) regression model was employed for board structure characteristics and capital structure decisions to analyze the data. Our results indicate a statistically significant negative effect of board structure characteristics on capital structure decisions (except on short term debt where it’s insignificant) all models at 5% significance level. Our study is very innovative in both corporate finance and accounting literature and the practical implications because our study provides a first insight of the board structure characteristics and its effects on capital structure decisions for East African stock markets context. The study recommends to securities markets regulatory authorities in East African region such as East African member states securities regulatory authority (EASRA) and their respective countries securities markets regulatory authorities to stimulates new efforts towards better board structure provisions to listed firms in the regional bloc due to its statistically significant effects on financing behavior and future research can be extended after inclusion of both listed and unlisted firms.
On Competition-driven Teaching of Multidisciplinary Engineering Education: Implementation cases at University of Stavanger
Authors: Lemu Hirpa G.
Published: February 2018

This article will reflect the experience gained on problem-based learning (PBL) projects implemented in the last six years at University of Stavanger (UiS). The PBL projects were implemented by establishing two ”student-driven” student organizations, ION Racing and UiS Subsea, that design and construct Formula 1 style single seat racecar and underwater robot respectively. The student organizations simulate an engineering company that receives order from a client and deliver the product according to the customer specifications. The fundamental objective of the projects is to stimulate the learning process in the engineering profession in a multidisciplinary environment, gain knowledge within science and engineering, and develop skills in use of advanced tools and techniques. The article highlights the student competition environment briefly and presents the result of a survey conducted on students currently participating in the PBL project. The survey result clearly indicates that the students’ preference for learning is on project work in a team and hands-on exercises including laboratory works.
A expansão financeirizada do ensino superior e da pós-graduação no Brasil
Authors: Sousa Neto Manoel Fernandes de
Published: February 2018

Este artigo discute o processo de expansão da pós-graduação em Geografia no Brasil, caracterizada por ocorrer no interior de uma lógica financeirizada e mercantil de produção do conhecimento e formação intelectual.
Breves reflexões sobre a geografia humanística e a percepção e vivência em áreas públicas
Authors: Silva Kelly Cristina , Matos Ralfo
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo examina os conceitos espaço, paisagem, lugar e identidade, tendo como norte alguns dos clássicos da Geografia Humanística, contrapostos com outras contribuições teóricas. Entende-se que é alta a pertinácia metodológica dos humanistas em pesquisas contra-hegemônicas, nas quais determinados grupos sociais vivem sob ameaças de desterritorialização.Por outro lado, pesquisas nessa perspectiva teórica auxiliam a responder questões relativas à qualidade de vida nas grandes cidades, especialmente nos espaços públicos, geralmente destinados à vivência e usufruto de pessoas e grupos sociais diferenciados.A breve revisão da literatura se fez acompanhar, sempre que possível, de mediações derivadas da presença de aspectos que integram a modernidade capitalista.
O pensamento colonial inerente à práxis (capitalista) estatal e a racionalidade ambiental de comunidades tradicionais como seu contraponto e r-existência
Authors: Dumith Raquel de Carvalho
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo procura demonstrar que a crise ambiental é uma faceta da crise epistêmica e política. A base do saber técnico-científco convencional é fortemente eurocêntrica e marcada pela colonialidade do saber e do poder. A colonialidade estende-se por várias esferas, apresentando-se como uma estrutura complexa e entrelaçada, que atinge os planos da economia, da autoridade, da natureza e dos recursos naturais, do gênero e da sexualidade, da subjetividade e do conhecimento. Assim, a colonialidade atinge o poder, o saber e o ser. As comunidades tradicionais, as quais possuem diferentes matrizes culturais e são comumente tidas como subalternas pela racionalidade capitalista, costumam exercer uma racionalidade, entre si e com o meio físico-natural, distinta da convencional: a ambiental. Dentre outros fatores que serão explorados no texto, a racionalidade ambiental prisma por respeitar saberes e tempos distintos. Afinal, não existe no mundo um relógio e um pensamento universal únicos.
A imagem de condomínios horizontais e loteamentos fechados retratada em campanhas publicitárias: estudo na cidade de Teresina, Piauí
Authors: Silva Guilhermina Castro , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis , Monteiro Maria Do Socorro Lira
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o material publicitário de divulgação de condomínios horizontais e loteamentos fechados, utilizado pelas imobiliárias, procurando visualizar a inﬂuência do marketing no aumento do interesse nessa nova forma de moradia, tendo como enfoque a cidade de Teresina, Piauí. Foi realizada pesquisa nas seções dos Classificados de Imóveis de jornais locais, em folders e sites das imobiliárias, de janeiro de 2011 até novembro de 2016, identificando os elementos presentes nos anúncios publicitários. Constatou-se que o nome dos empreendimentos configura-se como importante atrativo e que as propagandas enfatizam, no material de divulgação, a presença de amenidades. Nesse sentido, inferiu-se que o material publicitário utilizado procura atrair os futuros moradores com imagens e textos, retratando imagem de um local seguro, despertando para o desejo de melhorar a qualidade de vida.
Del desarrollismo al (neo)extractivismo (1969-2017). Auge, decadencia y resurgimiento de la minería del hierro en Sierra Grande, provincia de Río Negro (Argentina)
Authors: Lende Sebastián Gómez
Published: February 2018

Aunque en la Argentina la problemática del avance del extractivismo y la minería metalífera ha sido ampliamente debatida en tiempos recientes, en el pasado esta última actividad ha sido clave respecto de la configuración de la matriz productiva de ciertas provincias. Tal es el caso del complejo minero-fabril de Sierra Grande (provincia de Río Negro), única explotación metalífera surgida en el país por iniciativa del Estado nacional. Este trabajo analiza el auge, decadencia y resurgimiento de la minería del hierro en Sierra Grande, a la luz del contexto impuesto por proyecto desarrollista estatal primero (1969-1992), la fase neoliberal después (1993-2004), y finalmente el modelo (neo)extractivista (2005-2017). Asimismo, se demuestra que este último período ha sido escenario del despliegue de variadas formas de acumulación por desposesión, como la privatización y extranjerización de bienes comunes, la configuración de enclaves exportadores, la superexplotación del trabajo, la expropiación político-económica y la desapropiación socio-ecológica.
Strategic Approach of Saudi Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: More of Emergent or Deliberate?
Authors: Alenzy Mutab Z
Published: February 2018

The impact of the strategic planning, especially in promising economies are significant indicators of success for the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Globally, the SMEs sector suffers from a very high failure rate and the most important reason for this is poor capacity in strategic management. The practice of SMEs in unstable environments, especially in oil-based economy like Saudi Arabia (SA), creates the need for more flexibility in building strategies. Therefore, as the aim of this study was to structurally examine the type of strategic management in SMEs, the adaptation of a high flexibility strategic theoretical framework based on the emergent strategy model by Mintzberg might be more suitable for SMEs’ needs and capabilities. In this research, forty-six SMEs were surveyed in SA. Unlike most previous research, whose variables focused on external issues (such as funding issues or government policies), this study focuses on internal issues (such as internal capabilities) that influence the choice of strategy in SMEs. Correlation and factor analysis were used because the data set was appropriate for factor analysis as the KMO value was greater than 0.50. The research concluded that SMEs tend to adopt a deliberate strategy more than the emerging strategy.
The Identity Crisis of Hard Cider
Authors: Fabien-Ouellet Nicolas , Conner David Scott
Published: February 2018

In the past 5 years, the hard cider industry in the U.S. has undergone a sudden and dramatic growth period. This boom initially revealed challenges on the cider-specific apple supply side, but issues on the hard cider demand side have also emerged. This mixed methods study conducted in Vermont, a crucial player of the U.S. hard cider industry, addresses the gaps in the literature both on the apple supply side, and on the hard cider demand side. On the apple supply side, fourteen semi-structured interviews demonstrated that neither a long-term formalized contract nor a cooperative model (the two strategic partnership mechanisms used by world’s leading industries to manage cider-specific apple production) are appropriate for the current Vermont industry context. On the hard cider demand side, cider makers expressed high interest in working under a geographical indication (GI) label to develop consumers’ hard cider literacy and increase demand. This research further indicates that GIs can act as a powerful economic development tool. Introducing hard cider GIs could address current hard cider industry issues on both the supply side and the demand side.
Het fideicommis en fictieve erfbelastingrechtelijke verkrijgingen
Authors: Brinkman R.E.
Published: February 2018

Het fideicommis en fictieve erfbelastingrechtelijke verkrijgingen

In dit artikel beschrijft de auteur hoe een fideicommissaire verkrijging zich verhoudt tot fictieve verkrijgingen in de Successiewet.
Preparation of “Open/closed” pores of PLGA-microsphere for controlled release of protein drug
Authors: M Odonchimeg , Kim S C , Shim Y K , Lee W K
Published: February 2018

Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)  has been extensively used as a controlled release carrier for drug delivery due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. In this study, porous PLGA microspheres were fabricated by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique using poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as an extractable porogen and loaded with  protein (lysozyme) by suspending them in protein solution. For controlled release of protein, porous microspheres containing lysozyme were treated with water-miscible solvents in aqueous phase for production of pore-closed microspheres. The surface morphology of microspheres were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for confirmation of its porous microstructure structure. Protein property after release was observed by enzymatic activity assay. The pore-closing process resulted in nonporous microspheres which exhibited sustained release patterns over an extended period.
Anticipační načasování riternu na základě odhadu dráhy letu míče
Authors: Carboch Jan , Lopot František , Süss Vladimír , Kočíb Tomáš
Published: February 2018

Ball-hitting in tennis involves spatio-temporal information about the ball’s fl ight trajectory. We have focused on the temporal part of the information during returning a tennis serve that was simulated by a ball machine. Th e tested people had occlusion glasses placed on their eyes, which occluded their vision at the exact time, when the ball was being sent from the ball machine. Th e tested person did not know which part of the ball fl ight trajectory would be occluded, nor the ball speed. We examined the eff ect of part ball fl ight trajectory occlusion on the correct return timing of the ball. Th e analysis revealed that the greatest problems occurred while the second third of the ball fl ight trajectory had been occluded and reached most temporal errors at that time.
Pilotní studie zatížení při bipedální a kvadrupedální chůzi
Authors: Korvas Pavel , Bernaciková Martina , Cacek Jan
Published: February 2018

The work deals with the results of a pilot research to aimed at the diff erences in load of bipedal and quadrupedal walking. Th e aim of the investigation was to verify appropriate methodological procedures for measuring a wider sample of population, determining the appropriate speed, the required length of the measured sections and of terrain gradient. Consecutively we could learn the fundamental diff erences of load intensity and work out the recommendations to maintain or improve physical fi tness of the gene ral population. Th e results of our study with one proband were particularly attractive in terms of diff erences between the two types of walking with increasing speed and level of terrain.
Teplota sněhu při běhu na lyžích v obraze dynamické termografie (pilotní studie)
Authors: Sr. Jan Novotný , Novotný Jan
Published: February 2018

The effect of ski friction on the snow temperature increasing is known. Th e made water fi lm facilitates the ski moving. Th e aim of our pilot study was to ascertain a capability of the dynamic infrared thermography to register the quick thermal changes at determined point of snow before and aft er ski moving. We monitored snow aft er immediately before and aft er 12 runs of recreational cross-country skier by dynamic infrared thermography FLIR SC620 with image frequency 30 Hz. We found signifi cant increasing of snow temperature (by 0,2 to 1,7°C), linear dependence of snow warming on ski moving speed, and temperature increasing aft er ski waxing. Th e study confi rmed the dynamic infrared thermography ability to register very quick changes at determined point of snow temperature before and aft er (less than 0,033 s) cross-country skier moving. We have opened next thermodynamic studies for profound understanding of cross-country ski friction and gliding on snow.
Profil izokinetickej sily extenzorov a flexorov kolena u mladých futbalových hráčov
Authors: Malý Tomáš , Zahálka František , Malá Lucia , Teplan Jaroslav
Published: February 2018

Th e aim of the study was to present isokinetic strength profi le of knee fl exors and extensors during concentric contraction in young soccer players. Particularly in knee fl exors was evaluated also strength during eccentric contraction. Research group was state from young soccer players U17 category (n=19, age=16,4±0,3 years). All of them are the participant of highest junior soccer league. Isokinetic strength was evaluated by isokinetic dynamometr Cybex Humac Norm in following angular velocities: 30, 60 and 120°/s in eccentric contraction and 60, 180, 240 and 300 °/s in concentric contraction. Th e results did not revealed signifi cant diff erences at three diff erent speed levels of knee fl exors’ strength during eccentric contraction (p>0,05). Regarding the concentric contraction we found signifi cant diff erences for strength production depending on angular velocity for both knee extensors and fl exors (p<0,01). Knee fl exors generated more strength during eccentric contraction compared to concentric contraction. Th e strength profi les developed in the present study can assist in the establishment of baseline data in young soccer players or for comparison values with other researchers.
Předsoutěžní redukce tělesné hmotnosti a její vliv na tělesné složení
Authors: Coufalová Klára , Kinkorová Ivana , Malá Lucia , Heller Jan
Published: February 2018

The aim of our study was to monitor changes in individual components of body composition due to reduction in body weight in judo. This precontest weight reduction is very common in combat sports and it can have negative impact not only on performance but also on health. Research group consisted of 11 judoists at the age of 17-27 years belonging to the representation of the Czech Republic. The measurement of body composition had two parts; the first was before body weight reduction and the second part at the end of body weight reduction. For the measurement of body composition we used multifrequency bioimpedance analyzer BIA 2000 - M. The results of our study show that rapid intensive weight reduction is reflected in varying degrees in all parameters of body composition. We noticed a reduction of body weight by an average of 4.7% (approximately 3.8 kg), the weight loss ranged from 1.6 kg to 8.1 kg. The greatest changes in the parameters of body composition were detected in the extracellular water (ECW), there was a decrease of this parameter on average by 13.8 %, while total body water (TBW) decreased by 6.0 %. There was also a reduction in the amount of body fat by 13.2 %, the amount of extracellular mass (ECM) decreased by 9.8 %, the ratio of ECM/BCM by 8.9 % and the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) decreased by 4.0 %. Only in intracellular water (ICW), we noticed a slight increase by 1.4 %, which may be due to the redistribution of body fluids. Changes of particular parameters of body composition were statistically and substantively significant.
Rotace horní části těla při golfovém švihu u elitních hráčů
Authors: Gryc Tomáš , Zahálka František , Malý Tomáš
Published: February 2018

When the golf swing is involving all body segments and is thus considered as one of the most complex of sports motions. The aim of this study was to determine the selected kinematic parameters of movement of pelvic and segments of the upper body (shoulder rotation, hip rotation, X-Factor, stretch X-Factor) that affect the club head speed at ball contact in elite golfers. To build the upper body segment model were used spots and their position during the measurement was scanned by 3D kinematic analyzer CODA Motion System. To determine the interindividual stability of performance the coefficient of variation was used and for statistical analysis of the relationship between kinematic and temporal parameters and the club head speed at ball contact the Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. We found a high interindividual stability in maximized shoulders rotation and club head speed at ball contact parameters. When analyzing relationship between the club head speed at ball contact and the observed kinematic parameters of the movement of the upper body only a high relationship with the stretch X-factor parameter was found.
Evaluační nástroje motoriky podle vývojových norem u české populace
Authors: Holický Jakub , Musálek Martin
Published: February 2018

Evaluation development of motor skills in the context of the assessment evaluation tools is very complicated issue. The aim of this study was analysis and comparison of three assessment diagnostic tools with BOT-2. The OTDP, TGMD-2 and MABC-2 are the most widespread tools for exploring of psychomotor development of children and adults with the standard norms for Czech population. Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) batteries for Czech conditions has not been standardized yet. The Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) showed the best design in the test’s structure in comparison to three diagnostic tools. The BOT-2 has in the psychomotor test the widest age range of probands. Besides BOT-2 achieves a high validity and reliability (0,90 to 0,97). Other advantage, which was realized, is using the short form of the test battery, called Short Form. Because of this reasons we believe the Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT2) should be a part of standardized assessment tools, which evaluate the psychomotor development in the Czech environment.
Trasa stého ročníku cyklistického závodu Giro d'Italia jako prostor k obnovování italské národní identity (i představení Itálie zahraniční veřejnosti)
Authors: Zákravský Jiří
Published: February 2018

It is possible to say that Giro d’Italia, the road cycling race through Italy, has had a huge popularity mainly, but not exclusively, among the Italians since it was held for the first time in 1909. Some authors even mention, Giro d’Italia did for the formation of the common Italian identity more than the political representatives of the state, which was born in 1861. The fact that the 100th edition of the race took place in 2017 is the proof of its popularity. In the context of this anniversary, its organizers wanted to prepare the wholly Italian race where it would be clearly observed the legacy of the Italian history and of the local cycling, including the presentation of the most famous cyclists from Italy in the history. The aim of this article is to analyse the route of Giro d’Italia 2017 and its presentation as a space that could help to Italians to recognize their Italian identity, even if the local cyclists were not as successful during the 100th edition of the race as the organizers would have wished. Also I would like to mention that in the second decade of the 21st century this cycling race is definitely a popular sporting event all around the world. Not only it has a potential to present itself to the foreign public, but also to promote whole Italy in the most positive way. I think, it is certainly possible to use Giro d’Italia as a tool of the Italian sports diplomacy.
Internet of Things Security: A review on the RFID contactless security protocols
Authors: Outteridge Natalie
Published: February 2018

The advancement of technology that have been produced for Internet of Things (IoT) security has grown significantly and exponentially over the years. This has caused a major impact in the world of IoT security as technological companies have to keep up with the ever-changing security protocols. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has recently gained popularity in the world of IoT, this is due to the RFID chips involvement within credit and debit cards to allow them to become contactless. This survey will produce an in-depth discussion about the background of RFID, the relevance of RFID in today's society, related work, the advantages and disadvantages of RFID and finally a solution to the RFID contactless.
imGLAD: Accurate detection and quantification of target organisms in metagenomes
Authors: Castro Juan , Rodriguez-R Luis M , Weigand Michael R , Hatt Janet K , Carter Michell Q , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T
Published: February 2018

Accurate detection of target microbial species in metagenomic datasets from environmental samples remains limited because the limit of detection of current methods is typically inaccessible and the frequency of false-positives, resulting from inadequate identification of regions of the genome that are either too highly conserved to be diagnostic (e.g., rRNA genes) or prone to frequent horizontal genetic exchange (e.g., mobile elements) remains unknown. To overcome these limitations, we introduce imGLAD, which aims to detect genomic sequences in metagenomic datasets. imGLAD achieves high accuracy because it uses the sequence-discrete population concept for discriminating between metagenomic reads originating from the target organism compared to reads from co-occurring close relatives, masks regions of the genome that are not informative using the MyTaxa engine, and models both the sequencing breadth and depth to determine relative abundance and limit of detection. We validated imGLAD by analysing metagenomic datasets derived from spinach leafs inoculated with the enteric pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 and showed that its limit of detection is comparable to that of PCR-based approaches (~1 cell/gram).
The Lived Space: Possession, Ownership, and Land Sales on the Chilean Frontier (Valdivia, 1790-1830)
Authors: Bastias Saavedra Manuel
Published: February 2018

By looking into sales of indigenous land in the territory of Valdivia between 1790 and 1830, this article discusses how legal interactions were tied to the local spaces of rural habitation. Since ownership was linked with possession and use in Spanish colonial law, local social relations and shared local knowledge were crucial for determining legal ownership and ensuring the validity of land transfers. This article provides insights into how law operated in newly integrated colonial spaces, and reveals that land transfers did not yet constitute purely contractual relations but were instead socially negotiated transactions involving different levels of authority and dependency.
The United States Congress and the Peruvian Revolution, 1968-1975
Authors: Barreto Velázquez Norberto
Published: February 2018

The expropriation of U.S. companies —such as the International Petroleum Company— has been signaled in historiography as a decisive factor in determining the stance of the U.S. government towards Peru’s military regime. This study shows that Congressional motivations were rather of a political nature, associated with the seizure of U.S. fishing vessels within the 200 nautical miles of territorial waters claimed by Peru. Moreover, the policies implemented by Peru’s military government were used by a group of congressmen to advance their own agendas, criticizing U.S. foreign policy at a moment of conflict of powers between the Executive and the Congress.
Probabilistic Assessment of Lightning Related Risk of Transmission Lines Based on Frequency Dependent Modeling of Tower-Footing Grounding System
Authors: Gholinejhad J. , Shariatinasab R. , Sheshyekani K.
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a probabilistic evaluation, based on Monte-Carlo method, for the estimation of insulation risk of failure of overhead transmission lines (TLs). The proposed method takes into account the wide-band model of tower-footing grounding system. The wide-band model of grounding system in frequency domain is obtained by the method of moment solution to the governing electrical field integral equations. The electrical parameters of soil are considered to be either constant or frequency dependent. The time-domain representation of the grounding system is inferred through pole-zero characterization of its associated frequency response. The case of a typical 400-kV transmission line is modelled in EMTP_RV with the tower-footing grounding system integrated with the transmission line (TL) system. The results of the paper show that the failure risk of transmission lines is affected by the grounding system model. This effect is more pronounced when the soil electrical parameters are assumed to be frequency dependent.
Jamming Efficacy of Variable Altitude GPS Jammer against Airborne GPS Receiver, Theoretical Study and Parametric Simulation
Authors: Esmaeilkhah A. , Lavasani N.
Published: February 2018

Satellite-based navigation systems, as one of the key infrastructure of development in manned and unmanned guidance systems, is vulnerable against the simplest form of attack in Electronic Warfare environments. This led us to investigate the described vulnerability of an airborne GPS receiver against jammers which are located at various altitude above the targeted point. To do that and to avoid encountering with unavailability of classified information about military-class missiles, some simplification was done and the problem was investigated in “Worst Case” conditions. Finally, the flight profile and radiation pattern of the antenna of the GPS receiver were theoretically modeled. Considering some assumptions, the other parameters were derived from them. At the end, a simulation software was developed and some results were extracted. The data was represented figuratively and the dependency of efficacy of jamming operation to the jammer’s altitude and flight profile of the missile were discussed.
A six-year grazing exclusion changed plant species diversity of a Stipa breviflora desert steppe community, northern China
Authors: Wang Xing , Yang Xinguo , Wang Lei , Chen Lin , Song Naiping , Gu Junlong , Xue Yi
Published: February 2018

Excluding grazers is one of most efficient ways to restore degraded grasslands in desert-steppe communities, but may negatively affect the recovery of plant species diversity. However, diversity differences between grazed and fenced grasslands in desert-steppe are poorly known. In a Stipa breviflora desert steppe community in Northern China, we established six plots to examine spatial patterns of plant species diversity under grazed and fenced conditions, respectively. We addressed three aspects of species diversity: (1) The logistic, exponential and power models were used to describe the species-area curve (SAR). Species richness, abundance and Shannon diversity values change differently with increasing sampling areas inside and outside of the fence. The best fitted model for SAR was the logistic model. Excluding grazers had a significant impact on the shape of SAR. (2) Variograms was applied to examine the spatial characteristics of plant species diversity. We found strong spatial autocorrelations in the diversity variables both inside and outside the fence. After grazing exclusion, the spatial heterogeneity decreased in species richness, increased in abundance and did not change in Shannon diversity. (3) We used variance partitioning to determine the relative contributions of spatial and environmental factors to plant species diversity patterns. Environmental factors explained the largest proportion of variation in species diversity, while spatial factors contributed little. Our results suggest that grazing enclosures decreased species diversity patterns and the spatial pattern of the S. breviflora desert steppe community was predictable.
Afoxé Axé Omo Odé: o “Candomblé de rua” em Goiânia
Authors: Ratts Alex , Teixeira José Paulo
Published: February 2018

No presente artigo, apresentamos o afoxé como expressão cultural e espacial, as relações entre o terreiro e a cidade, e, por fim, o vínculo entre diversas culturas negras. Esta comunicação é fruto de duas pesquisas que se complementam: uma que focaliza a relação entre o candomblé e o espaço público, que por sua vez se insere no projeto de pesquisa “Trajetórias e territorialidades negras”. Os afoxés são grupos carnavalescos, ligados a religiões afro brasileiras, particularmente o candomblé, e existem em todo o território nacional, com uma concentração nos estados de Bahia e Pernambuco. O afoxé Axé Omo Odé, da cidade de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, criado em 1990 e reconstituído em 2008, parece estar relacionado a um processo de afirmação destas religiões e também a outras culturas negras como a capoeira e a congada. Em seus cortejos o afoxé se torna um território móvel e contribui para constituir e consolidar “geossímbolos” na cidade.

Abstract

“AFOXÉ AXÉ OMO ODÉ”: THE “CANDOMBLÉ STREET” IN GOIÂNIA

In this article we present the afoxé as cultural expression and spatial, the relations between the terreiro (Afro-Brazilian temple) and the city, and, finally, the link between some black cultures. This communication is the result of two complementary researches: one that focuses on the relationship between candomblé and public space, which in turn is part of the research project “Black trajectories and territorialities “. The afoxés are carnival groups, linked to Afro-Brazilian religions, particularly the candomblé, and exist throughout the national territory, with a concentration in the States of Bahia and Pernambuco. The Afoxé Axé Omo Odé, da cidade de Goiânia, State of Goiás, created in 1990 and reconstituted in 2008 seems to be related to a process of affirmation of these religions and other cultures black as capoeira and congada. In their routes the afoxé becomes a mobile territory and contributes to establish and consolidate “geo-symbols” in the city.
Elementos teóricos para compreensão dos dois circuitos da economia urbana no Rio Grande do Norte - Nordeste
Authors: Tavares Matheus Avelino
Published: February 2018

A economia urbana das cidades do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta nos últimos vinte anos uma nova dinâmica em função da desigual difusão do meio técnico-científico informacional, que vem possibilitando, entre outras coisas, a disseminação desigual de novas formas de comércio, serviços e de produção. A partir dessa nova realidade podemos afirmar que a urbanização do Rio Grande do Norte tem sido fomentada por uma intensa expansão do circuito inferior para a maioria de seus subespaços enquanto que o circuito superior se apresenta na forma de manchas que se localizam, sobretudo, nos principais centros urbanos do estado. Nesse âmbito, o objetivo desse trabalho consiste em levantar alguns elementos que nos possibilitem a compreensão da dinâmica e do funcionamento dos circuitos da economia urbana nas cidades do território potiguar. Para tanto, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a teoria dos dois circuitos da economia, bem como pesquisa empírica a fim de conhecermos os eventos que configuraram esses circuitos nas cidades do território potiguar.

Abstract

ELEMENTS FOR THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF TWO CIRCUITS OF URBAN ECONOMY IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE – NORTHEAST

The urban economy from the cities of Rio Grande do Norte bring in the last twenty years a new dynamic due the unequal diffusion of technical-scientific-informational medium, which is allowing among others, the unequal spread of new ways of trade, services and production. Since this new reality we can confirm that the urbanization in Rio Grande do Norte has been fed by a huge expansion of the lower circuit for most of its subspaces while the upper circuit comes in forms of spots located in the main urban centers of the state. In this context, the aim of this paper is to raise some elements which come to allow us the understanding of dynamic and functioning of circuits of urban economy in the cities from Potiguar territory. Thus, we performed a literature review about the theory of two circuits of the economy as well as empirical research conducted to know the events that have shaped these circuits in the cities of Potiguar space.
ICMS ecológico: conceito e repercussões na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Authors: Rodrigues Gelze Serrat de Souza Campos
Published: February 2018

A legislação ambiental brasileira define os instrumentos de intervenção do Estado no planejamento e na gestão ambiental. Um desses instrumentos é o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços Ecológico (ICMS Ecológico). Por meio da arrecadação do ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços), os estados podem disponibilizar uma parcela do seu montante aos municípios, com a utilização de diversos critérios, dentre eles o ambiental. Este artigo apresenta o sistema de redistribuição desse imposto, segundo os critérios ambientais, executado no estado de Minas Gerais, e analisa suas implicações na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, oeste de Minas Gerais. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e trabalhos de campo, constata-se a potencialidade desse instrumento e a falta de seu alcance no que tange ao índice de conservação ambiental. Por fim, propõe-se algumas mudanças na normatização estadual, a fim de se atingir o seu objetivo: a melhoria da qualidade ambiental.

Abstract

ECOLOGICAL GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: CONCEPT AND REPERCUSSIONS IN THE UBERLÂNDIA MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, MINAS GERAIS

The Brazilian environmental legislation sets the intervention instruments of the states on environmental management and planning. One of such instruments is the Ecological Goods and Services Tax. Through this tax fundraising, the states can share part of the total with the cities, by the usage of many criteria, among 76. GeoTextos, vol. 10, n. 2, dez. 2014. G. Rodrigues 75-97 them the environmental criteria. This article shows this tax redistribution system, according to the environmental criteria, executed in Minas Gerais state, and analyses its implications on the environmental conservation of Uberlândia, western Minas Gerais. Through bibliographic revision, documental research and fieldwork, it is noted the potential of such instrument and the lack of its reach regarding the Environmental Conservation Index. Therefore, some changes on the state laws are proposed, so its goal to be reached: environmental quality improvement.
Uma leitura da mundanidade do luto de imigrantes, refugiados e apátridas
Authors: Pereira Rosa Martins Costa , Gil Filho Sylvio Fausto
Published: February 2018

Esse estudo trata de mundanidades do luto de imigrantes forçados, pessoas para as quais, provavelmente, deixar a terra natal não seria a primeira opção, em condições normais em seu país de origem. Com base em Métreaux (2011), analisou-se mundanidades do luto de imigrantes de garimpeiros e trabalhadoras sexuais brasileiras na Guiana e no Suriname, estudadas por Oliveira (2012), experiências de imigrantes brasileiros em Roma, analisadas por Della Pasqua e Dal Molin (2009), e o Projeto Novos Brasileiros, uma experiência do Brasil como segundo país de refúgio, relatado por Fiametti (2005). A análise foi norteada pela abordagem fenomenológica-hermenêutica heideggeriana cujas bases têm contribuído para que geógrafos humanistas reinterpretem as noções de lugar e mundo. A partir da noção de mundanidade, em Heidegger (2010, 2012), identificou-se formas de luto vivenciadas por imigrantes, refugiados e apátridas: luto pelo sonho não realizado, por privacidade, liberdade, referências, perda do vínculo anterior, reconhecimento, valorização profissional e respeito à dignidade humana, alimentação, ausência do conhecido e amado, saúde, orientação e direção, autoestima, convívio social e o luto impedido ou negado. Com esse estudo preliminar, pretende-se contribuir para ampliar as possibilidades de acesso da leitura geográfica à dimensão existencial dos fluxos migratórios.

Résumé

UNE LECTURE DE LA MONDANITÉ DE DEUIL D’IMMIGRANTS

Cet étude s’agit du deuil des mondanités des immigrants forcés, les gens pour qui, en conditions normales dans votre pays d’origine, probablement, quitter la patrie ne serait pas la première option. Basé sur Métreaux (2011), nous avons analysé mondanités du deuil des mineurs immigrants et les travailleurs du sexe brésiliennes en Guyane et au Suriname, étudiés par Oliveira (2012), les expériences d’immigrants brésiliennes à Rome, analysée par Della Pasqua et Dal Molin ( 2009) et le Projet Nouveaux Brésiliens, une expérience du Brésil comme deuxième pays d’asile, rapporté par Fiametti (2005). L’analyse a été guidé par l’approche phénoménologique herméneutique de Heidegger dont les bases ont contribués pour le géographes humanistes faire des nouvelles interprétation de la notion de lieu et de monde. A partir de la notion de mondanité, chez Heidegger (2010, 2012), on a identifié des façons de deuil vécus par les immigrants, réfugiés et sans patrie: deuil du rêve inaccompli, privacité, liberté, références, la perte de la relation précédente, la reconnaissance, le développement professionnel et le respect de la dignité humaine, l’alimentation, l’absence du connu et du aimé, la santé, l’orientation et la direction, l’estime de soi, l’interaction sociale et le deuil empêché ou refusé. Avec cette étude préliminaire, nous avons l’intention de contribuer à élargir les possibilités d’accès à la lecture existentielle de la dimension géographique des flux migratoires.
Os processos de fragmentação da cidade e a territorialidade dos residentes nos condomínios fechados. Relação com o planejamento estratégico dos lugares
Authors: Simões Alves Luiz Rodolfo , Fernandes João Luís
Published: February 2018

As transformações recentes ocorridas nas cidades têm-se traduzido no alargamento do espaço construído através de um processo nem sempre ordenado e planejado. Num complexo jogo de múltiplos fatores, estes territórios urbanos têm estado sujeitos a processos muito diversificados de fragmentação, muitas vezes conduzindo a casos, voluntários ou involuntários, de confinamento espacial das populações. Essa fragmentação não é uma novidade. Tendo como exemplo o caso português, já no passado, na cidade que se foi criando ao longo do século XX, se detectaram microterritórios de isolamento e fragmentação, sobretudo de populações mais pobres. Nesse aspecto, as cidades são um bom laboratório para análise destes processos de levantamento de velhas e novas fronteiras. Neste artigo, discutir-se-ão alguns casos portugueses e dar-se-á especial destaque aos condomínios fechados e ao modo como estes, exemplos de alargamento espacial e social de uma não-cidade, constituem um entrave à abordagem ampla e discutida dos destinos de cada lugar. Com efeito, a rejeição do espaço público pode constituir um passo na caminhada para a não participação nos destinos estratégicos coletivos.

Abstract

THE FRAGMENTATION PROCESSES OF THE CITY AND THE TERRITORIALITY OF RESIDENTS IN GATED COMMUNITIES. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STRATEGIC PLANNING OF PLACES

The recent transformations occurred in the cities have translated in the space enlargement constructed by a process not always orderly and planned. In a complex game of multiple factors, this urban territories have been subject a very processes diversified of fragmentation, a lot of times conducting cases, voluntary or involuntary, of spatial confinement of populations. This fragmentation is not new. Have like example the Portuguese case, already in the past, in the city it was creating along 20th century, were detected microterritorial of isolation and fragmentation, especially of the most poor populations. In this aspect, the cities are a good laboratory to analyse this processes of lifting the old and new borders. In this article, they will discuss some of Portuguese cases and give it up special emphasis to the closed condos and how these, examples of spacial and social enlargement on a non-city, constitute an obstacle to the broad approach and discussed of destiny of each places. Indeed, the public rejection can constitute a way on the walk for the non participation of collective strategic destinations.
Definição das áreas de perigo de inundação do rio Vacacaí no município de São Gabriel, RS
Authors: Salvadé Silveira Vanessa , De Souza Robaina Luis Eduardo , Trentin Romário
Published: February 2018

A importância de estudos e mapeamentos relacionados às inundações é observada pelo expressivo aumento das pesquisas nas últimas décadas. O município de São Gabriel, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, possui mais de 80% de sua população na área urbana. Parte desta população se localiza no entorno do Rio Vacacaí e tem sido afetada seguidamente por inundações. Este estudo teve por objetivo o mapeamento das áreas com suscetibilidade e perigo de inundação na área urbana de São Gabriel. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o levantamento e o processamento de imagens de satélite e dados topográficos que permitiram a análise e a síntese dos mapas e informações derivadas. A partir da análise de um recorte temporal de trinta anos verificou-se que em dezesseis anos há registros de inundações. No total destes dezesseis anos de eventos foram registrados trinta e dois casos em que a população foi afetada com inundações. A área total de suscetibilidade é 3,57 Km², representando 7,75% de toda a área urbana. As áreas de perigo cobrem 0,62 Km², representando 17,36% da suscetibilidade e 1,34% da área urbana do município. Este mapeamento representa uma importante ferramenta para subsidiar a prevenção e a redução de desastres naturais associados às inundações na área de estudo.

Abstract

DEFINITION OF FLOOD HAZARD AREAS VACACAÍ RIVER IN THE CITY OF SAN GABRIEL, RS

The importance of studies related to flooding and mappings can be observed by the significant increase in research in recent decades. The municipality of São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Su State, has more than 80% of its population in urban areas. Part of this population is located in the nearness of Rio Vacacaí and has subsequently been affected by flood events. This study aims to map the areas with susceptibility and hazard of flooding in the urban area of São Gabriel. The methodological procedures involved the inventory of events, collection and processing of satellite images and topographic data. The analysis and synthesis of information derived from maps. From the analysis of the thirty years it was found that in sixteen years have records of flooding. A total of sixteen years of events were recorded thirty- -two where the population was affected with floods. The total susceptibility area is 3.57Km², representing 7.75% of the entire urban area. The danger areas are added to 0.62Km², representing 17.36% within the susceptibility and 1.34% compared to the urban area. This mapping is an important tool to help prevent and reduce natural disasters associated with floods in the study area.
Universidades públicas como agentes de desenvolvimento urbano e regional de cidades médias e pequenas: uma discussão teórica, metodológica e empírica
Authors: Baumgartner Wendel Henrique
Published: February 2018

As universidades apresentam um importante papel social na promoção do desenvolvimento social, cultural e econômico. Em diversos países sua instalação está ligada também ao desenvolvimento urbano e regional, especialmente de cidades médias e pequenas, promovendo, com relativo sucesso, a modernização da estrutura urbana e econômica dessas cidades. A base empírica desse estudo são as cidades sede dos campi da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (instalados em 2006) e Passau (Baviera/Alemanha), sede da Universidade de Passau, desde 1978. Nosso objetivo é propor uma abordagem metodológica que dê suporte para pesquisas focadas na integração, na fragmentação e nos conflitos entre a cidade da população local e aquela das universidades. Nossas conclusões principais indicam uma grande dinamização do mercado imobiliário, diversificação das atividades comerciais e de serviços, ampliação do papel regional, mas também, do ponto de vista social, conexões fracas e pontuais com a cidade, gerando conflitos entre estudantes/professores e a população local.

Abstract

PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES AS AGENTS IN URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIUM AND SMALL-SIZED CITIES: A THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH

The universities have an important role in our society to promote social, cultural and economical development. In many countries universities has been installed in small and medium-sized cities since the 70’s to promote the development and ‘modernization’. Some of them are very successful and the economical development is visible and unquestionable. Our empirical study focuses the cities of the Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia (installed in 2006) and Passau/Bavaria/Germany (University of Passau, installed in 1978). Our goal is to propose methodological approach to support a research based on the integration, fragmentation and conflicts between the city of the local population and city of the Universities. Our major conclusions are connected with the increase of the real estate market, diversification of commercial and service activities, intensification of regional role. From the social point of view, however, there are weak and punctual connections with the cities, promoting spatial and cultural conflicts between the students/professor and the local population.