bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guía general de estudio para la asignatura: Comercio de servicios
Authors: A. Daniel Zaldivar
Published: August 2024

Estimados estudiantes,
Nos complace darles la más cordial bienvenida a la asignatura de Comercio de Servicios, que se ofrece como parte del segundo nivel de su programa académico. Esta disciplina desempeña un papel significativo en su formación profesional, al brindarles herramientas esenciales para comprender y gestionar eficazmente el comercio de servicios a nivel internacional.
El comercio de servicios, en el contexto de la globalización económica, ha adquirido una relevancia característica, constituyéndose como un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo económico y la expansión de mercados a nivel mundial. La materia está diseñada para que desarrollen competencias integrales en la planificación, organización, dirección y evaluación de la gestión de servicios, considerados activos intangibles que potencian la capacidad exportadora de las empresas en el ámbito internacional.
A través del estudio de esta asignatura, se espera que adquieran una visión estratégica de cómo los servicios pueden ser diseñados, mejorados y comercializados para satisfacer las demandas en un mercado global competitivo.
Se abordarán temas como la normativa internacional de comercio de servicios, estrategias de internacionalización de servicios, y la importancia de la calidad y la innovación en la oferta de servicios. 
Estamos convencidos de que los conocimientos y habilidades que adquirirán en este curso serán de gran valor en su futuro profesional. Les deseamos mucho éxito en esta jornada académica, confiando en que será una experiencia enriquecedora y fundamental para su desarrollo como futuros líderes en el sector del comercio internacional de servicios.
Atentamente,Msc. Daniel Zaldivar A. Tecnológico Universitario de Formación
Guía general de estudio para la asignatura de: Legislación comercial internacional
Authors: Zaldivar A. Daniel
Published: August 2024

Estimados estudiantes,
Nos complace extenderles una cordial bienvenida al módulo de Legislación Comercial Internacional, una asignatura significativa para el tercer nivel de su carrera universitaria. Este curso está diseñado para profundizar en su comprensión y manejo de las normativas que estructuran el comercio global, aspecto fundamental para la operación efectiva en el ámbito internacional.
A lo largo de este, desarrollarán competencias esenciales para la correcta identificación y aplicación de las leyes e instituciones que regulan el comercio mundial. Asimismo, adquirirán una visión integral sobre cómo el comercio internacional opera bajo un marco de diversidad legislativa, facilitando la internacionalización de las empresas y asegurando protección en las relaciones comerciales, proporcionando, a su vez, mecanismos para la resolución de disputas.
Ello, se verá reforzado mediante el estudio de disposiciones clave de organizaciones como la OMC (Organización Mundial del Comercio), la UNCITRAL (Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional), Unidroit (Instituto Internacional para la Unificación del Derecho Privado), OMPI (Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual), y OMA (Organización Mundial de Aduanas), entre otras.
El curso se estructura alrededor de temas que inician con la globalización del comercio internacional, explorando tanto el proceso globalizador como el papel de diversas organizaciones comerciales internacionales, tanto públicas como privadas, y abarcando las complejidades del Derecho Internacional Privado.
De la misma manera, seguiremos con un estudio en profundidad sobre la legislación mercantil internacional, incluyendo contratos de compraventa conforme a UNCITRAL, intermediación comercial, legislación de Unidroit sobre contratos atípicos y regulaciones de propiedad intelectual bajo la OMPI y la OMA.
Además, se cubrirán aspectos fundamentales del arbitraje y mediación internacional, examinando los principios del arbitraje, tipos y procesos asociados, así como las funciones de las cortes de arbitraje internacional y la mediación como método alternativo de solución de conflictos.
Esperamos que este curso no sólo enriquezca su conocimiento académico, sino que también les proporcione herramientas prácticas para su futura carrera profesional.
Atentamente,Msc. Daniel Zaldivar A. Tecnológico Universitario de Formación
Pengaruh Teknologi Aritificial Intelligence dalam Upaya Penyelesaian Tugas Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Al Washliyah Medan
Authors: Harahap Yenni Novita , Siswadi Siswadi
Published: August 2024

Mahasiswa pendidikan matematika sering menghadapi tantangan besar dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas akademik, baik dalam memahami teori matematis maupun dalam menerapkan konsep-konsep tersebut dalam situasi nyata. Teknologi AI, melalui alat-alat seperti perangkat lunak pembelajaran yang cerdas, sistem tutor adaptif, dan analisis data berbasis AI, dapat menawarkan dukungan yang sangat berharga. Kemampuan AI untuk memberikan umpan balik yang real-time, personalisasi pembelajaran, serta akses ke sumber daya pendidikan yang luas, dapat mempercepat pemahaman dan meningkatkan kinerja akademik mahasiswa. Dalam jurnal ini, kami bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari penerapan AI dalam penyelesaian tugas-tugas akademik oleh mahasiswa pendidikan matematika. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Artificial Intelegence itu berpengaruh dalam upaya penyelesaian tugas mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Al Washliyah Medan. Hal ini dapat ditunjukan dari hasil akademik yang didapat mahasiswa dan motivasi dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang di berikan dosen. Namun, tidak semua AI dapat diakses secara gratis, masih banyak AI yang harus berbayar dalam penggunaannya.
Artificial Intrusions: The Dark Art of AI Exploitation
Authors: Mathew Alex
Published: August 2024

AI not only opens a whole new realm of possibilities but also a can of worms and opportunities for dark exploitation. For instance, AI systems exhibit vulnerabilities that stem from the algorithm configurations which are exploited by hackers to initiate either input or poisoning attacks. Such vulnerability exacerbates the susceptibility to prompt injection-based adversarial attacks that jeopardize the AI system and large language mechanisms (LLM) as in the example of ChatGPT shared in the results analysis section. AI has also exacerbated the intensity and effectiveness of social engineering and phishing attacks by enabling realistic deep fakes and cloning of human voices and audio. The irresponsible and malicious application of AI technologies has also aggravated unethical practices like breaching user data privacy rules for profit while foregoing user consent and autonomy. Hence, proactive, holistic and interdisciplinary efforts involving AI developers, users, researchers and regulators among others will be required to counter the evolving nature of AI security threats and attacks. Ultimately, by comprehensively exploring such aspects of Artificial intrusion and exploitation, this research will profoundly contribute to the comprehension of the risks affiliated with AI exploitation and how such risks can be proactively addressed to secure AI systems.
Evaluation of Analgesic in Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery at Dr.Rasidin Regional Hospital, Padang
Authors: Neldi Vina , Khairunnisa Rahmi , Syaflinosa Ulfa , Oktavia Sri , Wahyuni Fitratul
Published: August 2024

Background: Childbirth or also known as termination can cause pain in the patient. Pain scores that occur in postpartum patients vary so that treatment must be controlled adequately. Giving analgesics can be one of some choice to reduce or even eliminate pain. Objective: To determine the study of using analgesics in patients with vaginal and cesarean delivery at Dr. Rasidin Regional Hospital Padang the period January-December 2023. Method: non-experimental with a descriptive research design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using the cross sectional method. The research data was medical records of postpartum patients Dr. Rasidin Regional Hospital Padang the period January-December 2023 Results: Based on the result it was found that the number of patients who met the inclusion criteria was 86 vaginal delivery patients and 180 cesarean delivery patients who received analgesic. The highest using of analgesics is the non-opioid group. Conclusion: The largest number of birthing patients based on age group at Dr. Rasidin Regional Hospital Padang for the period January-December 2023 are the non-risk group (20-35 years). Patient characteristics based on parity group are mostly at risk group. So that needed consider choosing the right analgesic to treat pain in patients.
Konya’daki Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Medeniyetlerine Ait Camilerin Tasarım Tipolojileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Anıktar Serhat , Özdemir Şahika , Kurnaz Ahmet
Published: August 2024

Prehistorik dönemden itibaren önemli bir kent olan Konya, farklı medeniyet katmanlarının üst üste binmesiyle günümüzdeki kimliğine ulaşmıştır. Bu medeniyet katmanlarının mimari izleri bağlamında; Selçuklu başkenti olan Konya kentinin nasıl geliştiği, farklı medeniyetlerin izlerinin günümüzdeki birlikteliği, kentin mimari kimliğinin tipolojik analizlerinin yapılması, üst ölçekten yapı ve detay ölçeğine kadar belgelenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Tarihsel süreçte kentin kazandığı kimlik günümüzde devam eden yapılaşma çalışmaları ile değişmektedir. Günümüz ihtiyaçlarına bağlı olarak yapılan düzenlemeler ile geleneğimizi yansıtan kültürel mirasın korunması problemi ile karşı karşıya kalınmaktadır. Bu mirasın korunması ve medeniyetimize ait yeni yapıların tasarımında bir rehber oluşturulması amacıyla, bütünsel bir çalışma kapsamında, Konya’da belirlenen Selçuklu ve Osmanlı medeniyetlerine ait camiler mevcut yakın çevreleriyle birlikte analiz edilmiş, fotoğraflarla belgelenmiş, plan, cephe ve iç mekân tasarım tipolojilerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Tipoloji, sadece sınıflandırma ve istatistiksel bir süreç olmayıp, binaların fiziksel özelliklerini ve kat planlarını analiz ederek bir dizi tipolojiye indirgeyerek biçimsel sonuç hedeflerine yönelik bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle tipolojik analiz çalışmaları önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle Konya dış kale içerisinde yer alan ve kentin merkezinin oluşmasına etki ettiği bilinen Selçuklu ve Osmanlı yapılarının bu çalışmayla geleceğe korunarak taşınması adına bir farkındalık yaratacağı savunulmuştur.
Assessing the Listed Property Companies Readiness Towards Environmental Social Governance Implementation in Malaysia
Authors: Chee Ho Vincent Leow , Jian Yi Lim , Bin Mat Noor Noorsidi Aizuddin , Abdul Jalil Rohaya Binti
Published: August 2024

The increasingly growing concerns towards sustainable development and corporate social responsibility on a global scale have prompted the implementation of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles in the operations of various industries, including the property sector in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to assess the readiness of Malaysian-listed property companies to implement ESG practices and investigate the expectations of non-ESG-listed property companies in Malaysia regarding ESG implementation. A comprehensive analysis of survey responses adopts a stratified sampling method with 53 respondents, representing samples from the population of Malaysian listed property companies. The first objective focuses on identifying the readiness among the listed property companies in Malaysia towards ESG implementation. For this objective, data is collected using a structured questionnaire and statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to calculate descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency. Additionally, mean analysis is performed to determine the average scores for each dimension. The results are then compared between the environmental, social, and governance factors. The findings reveal that most of the factors in this research have low mean scores, indicating that these factors are considered the least influential, suggesting that Malaysian listed property companies still need to be ready for ESG implementation. The second objective is to investigate the expectations of non-ESG-listed property companies in Malaysia to participate in ESG implementation. Data analysis for this objective primarily involves descriptive statistics through frequency analysis. Furthermore, the Relative Importance Index (RII)assesses the relative importance of expectations for implementing ESG practices. Respondents rate the importance of various factors that impact ESG implementation, and RII scores are calculated to determine the most important expectations. The analysis results show that implementing ESG practices can improve employee morale and productivity, leading to higher top-line growth, the main expectation of Malaysian non-ESG listed property companies regarding ESG implementation. The significance of this quantitative research extends to policymakers, regulators, industry associations, and professional bodies in developing targeted strategies to promote sustainable and ethical behaviours in the Malaysian real estate industry. By quantifying ESG readiness, the research promotes responsible and sustainable business practices among listed property companies, fostering a more resilient and sustainable real estate sector in Malaysia. The findings contribute valuable empirical evidence to ESG implementation within the Malaysian real estate industry.
Campus Criminality and Vulnerability of Victimisation among Undergraduate Students in Ekiti State Urban Universities
Authors: ILORI Stephen Oluyemi , ILORI Ayomide Augustine , ALABA Esan Vincent
Published: August 2024

Campus criminality has exposed university students to different schemes of victimisation. This study anchored on Routine Activity Theory (RAT) engaged qualitative research methods to survey 20 direct and indirect victims of campus crimes in Ekiti State urban universities. Shared experience revealed cultism and gang activities, financial extortion, physical and psychological intimidation, theft, sexual violence and harassment are the kinds of campus criminality in Ekiti State urban universities. Campus criminality was identified to be a complex interplay of social, economic, psychological and environmental factors. The fear of victimization in Ekiti State urban universities is deeply rooted in the presence and organisation of illegal societies on campus. Hence, undergraduate students should deploy Avoidance Behaviour Strategy (ABS) and access victim support services while the university management infuses crime prevention programmes to minimise the risk and neutralise the effect of rape, bullying, robbery and sexual assault among others. It is imperative to strengthen Ekiti State urban universities’ laws and policies against campus criminality and revamp campus security with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
The Model of “Internet and Intangible Heritage” Reviving Rural Industry – A Case Study of Chenghe Willow Weaving
Authors: Yan Liu , Mengyue Zheng , Lu Wang
Published: August 2024

Chenghe Willow Weaving, a traditional handicraft art with a long history, is an intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. It forms glorious cultural deposit and has great artistic value. Now, the continuation of Chenghe Willow Weaving not only injects new vitality into the local rural economy but also helps rural revitalization to a certain extent. However, it faces challenges such as difficulties in inheriting and promoting of the products, insufficient industrialization, poor ability in entrepreneurs’ innovation. Based on the booming Internet economy, after conducting an in-depth analysis of the developing state of Chenghe Willow Weaving and its bottlenecks, this article proposes a series of practical suggestions. Under the model of the combination between the Internet and the intangible heritage, it aims to promote the inheritance and innovation of Chenghe Willow Weaving. Specifically, it includes establishing professional production management team and subdivided production team, enriching brand culture, full use of Internet. It is believed that the industrial development of Chenghe Willow Weaving can be effectively promoted, achieving sustained prosperity of the rural economy. Also it is hoped that this will give some reference for other traditional handicraft industries.
Why do Some Leaders Want to Sideline Competent People who Could Add Value to their Leadership?
Authors: Nebo Sr. (D.Scs.) Ambrues Monboe
Published: August 2024

From the standpoint of organizational studies, the contributions of competent individuals to leadership hold immense importance for an organization’s progress. It is indeed paradoxical that some leaders opt to sideline competent individuals who have the potential to enhance their leadership. This article delves into several reasons behind the inclination drawing from the author’s personal experiences and document analysis. It employs the theory of value-based leadership, as conceptualized by John C. Maxwell, as a framework to interrogate this tendency, with a particular focus on the Liberian society as the contextual background. The reasons that could be equated to the findings of the study reveal leadership by position, a sense of insecurity of competent people, a wrong sense of perception of competent people, and the protection of interest. Conclusively, this article argues that leaders who engage in this behavior or inclination display a lack of understanding of the rudiments of leadership without the realization of contributing to their own downfall or failure.
The Influence of Leadership Approaches on Employee Innovative Work Behaviour among Employees of Public Sectors in Tanzania
Authors: Yesaya Mzava Haika , Kyando Ebenezer
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to assess the impact of leadership styles on innovative work behaviour in the public sector. The study was conducted at Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Headquarters, a study sample of 211 respondents was drawn randomly from a study population of 446 employees using the Yamane formula. The research employed a quantitative approach and a descriptive-explanatory cross-sectional design. The results showed that transformational leadership was strongly associated with innovative work behaviour, with a β value of 54.8% and a p-value of <0.05. Transactional leadership style had a β value of 55.6%, a p-value of <0.05, and a favourable relationship with innovative work behaviour. Leader-member exchange had a moderate impact on innovative work behaviour at DAWASA, with a β value of 15.7% and a p-value of <0.05. The study suggests that leaders and supervisors should have a comprehensive understanding of their subordinates’ needs and priorities and foster an environment that promotes innovative thinking, enabling them to navigate opportunities and challenges effectively.
Appraising the Effectiveness of Value Chain Models of Public-Private Partnership Extension Services on the Productivity Improvement and Livelihood Development of Tea Smallholding Sector in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarathunga M.K.S.L.D. , Jayasinghe Dilip
Published: August 2024

With the financial constraints and inadequate manpower availability, the public extension network is not sufficiently expanded to fulfill the increasing demand of smallholder needs. Under such a scenario, the emerging partnership extension services between public and private sectors are of paramount importance to provide effective extension services to the tea smallholding sector. This study aims to appraise the factors affecting the success of Public-Private Partnerships extension models (PPP) currently operating, namely Tea Factory Based (FBM), Input Supplier Based (ISBM) and Development Agency Based (DABM). Six key components of a successful partnership, i.e. trust and cohesiveness, motivation to participate, resource sharing, support to achieve long-term expectations, sharing technical information and satisfaction with the model, were used to appraise the success. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from randomly selected 90 smallholders. Success factors showed a significant relationship with age, experience, tea land extent and productivity. FBM buildup trust and cohesiveness by frequently conducting extension programs and social participation of smallholders in such programmes. ISBM provides significantly higher assistance to tea smallholders sharing resources. DABM highly appraised the livelihood of poorer tea smallholders. Trust and cohesiveness, resource sharing, technical information sharing and motivation to work are the key success factors for straightening the partnership and land productivity of tea small/Middle-level holdings. Therefore, strengthening the success factors of the partnership will enhance the productivity of tea smallholdings and thereby develop their livelihood.
Spring Boot Security in Payment Gateway Applications
Authors: Joshi Pavan Kumar
Published: August 2024

Ensuring the security of payment gateway applications is paramount in the digital era. This paper reviews the capabilities of Spring Boot Security, its implementation in payment gateway applications, and best practices for optimal security. Emphasis is placed on authentication, authorization, CSRF protection, securing endpoints, and enforcing HTTPS. The paper includes code examples, and statistical data to illustrate the effectiveness of Spring Boot Security.
Define, refined and re-defined concepts of quantum machine learning : A review
Authors: Chavan Shradha , Mulay Preeti
Published: August 2024

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a new phraseology in the world today. With various upcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, everyday data scientists and corporate around the world are trying to harness its power. QML borrows concepts of Quantum Computing and QML algorithms enhance the existing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms by processing datasets more efficiently. Quantum Computers are a powering force driving QML algorithms that boosts computational power and helps analyse data. QML algorithms can be applied in sectors involving number crunching, pattern identification and so on. In the existing world, QML can be a game-changer for organizations that work on identifying product correlations and customer behaviour in a brief time. This paper discusses studies related to principles of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computing and QML algorithm. Additionally, it explores opportunities and challenges faced in the field of QML. Lastly, the paper talks about QML applications and compares various available QML toolkits from the market. Future direction and exhaustive survey of papers from various spectrums related to Quantum Computing is presented in this paper.
Cryptanalysis of a cubic Pell variant of RSA with primes sharing least significant bits
Authors: Adenan Nurul Nur Hanisah , Nitaj Abderrahmane , Ariffin Muhammad Rezal Kamel , Abu Nur Azman
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we push further the cryptanalysis of a cryptosystem of the RSA’s variant which utilized a cubic Pell equation with the key equation ed − k(p2 + p + 1)(q2 + q + 1) = 1 where N = pq is an RSA modulus, e, N are publicized, while d, p, q are kept private. We consider the case where the prime factors share an amount of their least significant bits (LSBs), that is p and q satisfy p – q = 2m u where m is known, and u is unknown. Through this work, we show that via Coppermith’s method and lattice basis reduction, it is feasible to retrieve the secret key d and factor N for larger values of d.
Balancing and Lucas-Balancing hybrid numbers and some identities
Authors: Uysal Mine , Özkan Engin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we introduce Balancing and Lucas-Balancing hybrid numbers. We examine some identities of Balancing and Lucas-Balancing hybrid numbers. We give some basic definitions and properties related to them. In addition, we find Binet’s Formula, Cassini’s identity, Catalan’s identity, d’Ocagne identity, generating functions, exponential generating functions of the Balancing and Lucas-Balancing hybrid numbers.
Optimization for a parabolic system involving Schrödinger operator with coefficients of variables beneath conjugation conditions
Authors: Abdallah A. M.
Published: August 2024

This article is dedicated to the optimization for N×N parabolic system with mixed boundary conditions beneath conjugation conditions and including Schrödinger operator according to the maximum principle. Through Green’s formula, the properties of the first eigenvalues and the Lax-Milgram lemma, we provide evidence for the solutions to these systems’ existence and uniqueness. The maximum principle and the existence of a solution for a given linear parabolic system with variable coefficients are also topics of study.
ExEqGen : An external symbolic solver for mathematical word problem solving
Authors: Kurisappan Michael , Pandiyan S. Sundara
Published: August 2024

Mathematical word problem (MWP) solving is a complex domain that is characterized by a wide range of complex problems, ranging from rule-based systems to pre-trained language models. In this context, we introduce the External Equation Generator (ExEqGen), a novel model that combines SymPY, a sophisticated Python equation generator, with the state-of-the-art RoBERTa language model. Our approach leverages external symbolic solvers for expression generation and mathematical computations, demonstrating enhanced accuracy in solving math word problems. The study also demonstrates the positive impact of external symbols on improving numerical reasoning performance, particularly in mitigating false positives associated with longer reasoning programs. The findings provide valuable insights into enhancing the performance of Natural Language Understanding Models in complex tasks, contributing to the ongoing quest for more accurate, interpretable, and applicable natural language understanding models.
Advancing skill development and emotional support in special education through AMLE
Authors: Saudagar Abdul Khader Jilani , Poonia Ramesh Chandra , Prabu P. , Khan Muhammad Badruddin
Published: August 2024

The Adaptive Metaverse Learning Ecosystem (AMLE) emerges as a transformative model in special education, outperforming existing methods in skill development, academic performance, and emotional support. Skill Development Analysis indicates a high level of comparability with AMLE, emphasizing its effectiveness in providing dynamic and adaptive learning environments. Compared to AR-VR, the correlation is 81.8%, showcasing the superior impact of AMLE on skill development.The evaluation of Academic Performance Analysis with AMLE displays consistent high correlations ranging from 76.8% to 98.5% across varying student populations, showcasing its effectiveness in enhancing academic achievements. In comparison, AR-VR demonstrates a correlation ranging from 84.8% to 97.7%. Emotional Support Analysis exhibits an outstanding compatibility of 97.9% with AMLE, highlighting its effectiveness in catering to the emotional well-being of students. When compared with AR-VR, the correlation remains strong at 94.5%, emphasizing the superior emotional support provided by AMLE. The proposed model has the potential to revolutionize special education, creating a personalized, supportive, and inclusive learning environment for individuals with disabilities.
Effectiveness of Misoprostol Versus Manual Vacuum Aspiration for the Treatment of the First Trimester Pregnancy Termination
Authors: Bushra Khan  , Amna Aziz  , Shahida Parveen  , Hina Zahra Qureshi  , Humaira Imran  , Maria Khan
Published: August 2024

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of misoprostol versus manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) in the treatment of pregnancy termination at first 12 weeks of pregnancy, evaluating the outcomes among women undergoing these procedures.
Methodology: A comparative analysis was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Bakhtawar Amin Hospital, Multan from January 2023 to December 2023, included pregnant women presented with age of gestation age up to 12 weeks, open cervical os and indication for elective termination of pregnancy. Participants were randomized into two groups. Misoprostol group received 400 mcg of misoprostol intravaginally every 4 hours for up to three doses for softening cervix, its dilatation, and uterine contractions, with starting oxytocin infusion after 6 hours. While manual vacuum aspiration group underwent the procedure under general anesthesia without receiving any uterotonics. Patients were followed up on the 7th day post-procedure, undergoing ultrasonography to measure endometrial thickness for efficacy assessment based on complete abortion.
Results: A total of 126 patients were comparatively studied; 63 in each group with mean age in the Misoprostol group was 33.45±3.11 years, and was slightly lower the MVA group as30.22±4.76 years. The average gestational age at the time of treatment was almost similar between the groups, 8.33 ±1.29 weeks for Misoprostol group and 7.99±2.56 weeks for the MVA group. The Misoprostol group exhibited an efficacy rate of 95.20% among patients, compared to 90.50% in the MVA group (P=0.148). Furthermore, the efficacy between Misoprostol and MVA across different age groups, gestational ages, and parity, was statistically insignificant (p->0.05).
Conclusion: Basis on the study findings, the efficacy of misoprostol for first trimester termination of pregnancy was observed to be 95.20%, slightly higher than the 90.50% with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA).
Satisfacción de la atención medica en la jornada de prevención y detección de cáncer de próstata y testículo
Authors: Autrán Gómez Ana María , Hernández Ojeda Humberto , Linares Esquivel Denisse , Tienda Pimentel Manuel Axel , Torres Hernández Rosa María
Published: August 2024

Introduction: prostate cancer occupies 20 % of the global statistics; It tends to say that 1 in 6 men can present this cancer. Campaigns for the prevention and timely detection of prostate cancer are constantly carried out; There are two main tests for this purpose, digital rectal examination (RT) and specific prostate antigen (PSA).
Objective: to determine the satisfaction perceived by patients in the day of prevention and detection of prostate and testicular cancer.
Material and methods: an observational, descriptive, prospective study was carried out in the population that attended the conference on the prevention and detection of prostate and testicular cancer in four phases for diagnosis and treatment. At the end, an adaptation questionnaire on medical care satisfaction was applied. of the model used by the Association of Urologists of Columbia USA.
Results: an observational study was carried out in patients of the Prostate Cancer prevention program in 50 male patients, aged 58.8 ± 13.17 years. The patients showed a high degree of satisfaction, with Cronbach's alpha higher than .700, and receiving different praise from the public.
Conclusion: most of the patients agree that the care received during the prostate cancer detection and prevention session was satisfactory, highly recommending it. Most of the comments were positive, giving as main recommendations those related to care, organization and waiting time.
Biologics and Biosimilars in Albania; Consumption and Costs
Authors: Hasankolli Dorela , Miraci Mirela , Backa Teuta , Mulaj Marsida
Published: August 2024

Biological therapies use proteins that have been produced with biological technology to generate targeted effects within the body, impact the body's immune system, and reduce inflammation at various stages. Biologics are used in the treatment of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, ankylosing spondylitis, arthropathic psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis. The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive review and analyze the market dynamics related to the use of these treatments in Albania. Methods: This is a retrospective and observational study based on FDSKSH’s data for 2023. Results: The total annual reimbursement cost for 2023 was ALL 188,208,780 (1 ALL = 0.01 USD). The average reimbursement cost per patient was ALL 209820.2679. The use of biologics and biosimilars represents 0.028% of all prescriptions and accounts for 1.56% of the total reimbursement costs for drugs. In 2023, the reimbursement cost covered by FDSKSH was 7.14% lower than in 2022. 87.17% of the patients were treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors. Etanercept 25 mg (biosimilar) had the highest price reduction of 32.83% in 2024. The most expensive drug in 2023 was Secukinumab 150 mg. Biologics account for 61% of the total annual reimbursement cost, while biosimilars account for 39%. Conclusions: The prescription of biologics is lower compared to biosimilars, but they are associated with significant costs that impact the overall reimbursement costs. The prices of biologics and biosimilars were lower than those in Kosovo, Italy, Greece and will decrease in 2024. Costeconomic evaluations of the most expensive biologics and biosimilars are important for the management of financial resources.
A Budget Impact Analysis of Adalimumab Biosimilars; The Albanian Context
Authors: Hasankolli Dorela , Miraci Mirela , Backa Teuta , Haloçi Entela
Published: August 2024

Adalimumab is used to treat various autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. Adalimumab is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. Adalimumab biosimilars have the potential to reduce costs for the healthcare system. The aim of the study is to develop a drug budget impact analysis to assess the potential financial impact of the availability of the biosimilar adalimumab-aacf in terms of cost savings due to its lower price compared to adalimumab-adaz. Methods: This is a budget impact analysis and cost calculator model in Microsoft Excel based on FDSKSH’s data for 2023. Results: Adalimumab biosimilars accounted for approximately 25% of biologic drug prescriptions in 2023. The reimbursement cost of biologic drugs for autoimmune diseases was ALL 186,523,409 in 2023 (1 ALL = 0.01 USD). Of that cost, 15.21% accounted for treatment with adalimumab biosimilars. Adalimumab-aacf was available at a 15.82% lower price than adalimumab–adaz. The analysis indicated that the replacement of the biosimilar adalimumab-adaz with the biosimilar adalimumab-aacf could have resulted in cost savings of ALL 968,138, and the reimbursement cost of biologic drugs for autoimmune diseases could have been 3% lower. With the potential cost savings, two more patients could have had access to biologic drugs in 2023. Conclusions: The Drug Budget Impact Analysis estimated that the availability of adalimumab-aacf would be more profitable in terms of cost savings compared to adalimumab-adaz. The scenario could result in increased treatment access for patients.
Dismantling Ships to Revitalize Coral Reefs with Artificial Reefs
Authors: Cardoso Cintia
Published: August 2024

Australia's Great Barrier Reef is an immense swath of coral made up of about 2,900 reefs, 600 mainland islands, and 300 coral atolls. It stretches for 2,200 kilometers, ranging in width from 30 km to 740 km. This natural wonder is visible from space and is the largest structure in the world made solely by living organisms. The corals that form this barrier are essential for marine biodiversity and were elected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. However, the Great Barrier Reef faces serious challenges, including bleaching caused by rising temperatures and the impacts of climate change. One strategy for revitalizing reefs is the use of sunken old ships to create artificial reefs. This approach not only conserves the marine environment, but also promotes scientific research and the production of bioproducts. Artificial ship reefs provide substrates for the marine community and simulate environments similar to natural reefs, contributing to the protection and revitalization of this important barrier reef. It is essential to develop strategies to preserve the oceans and mitigate the impacts of human activities, ensuring the survival of this ecosystem and protecting it as a treasure.
The Needed Bridge Connecting Symbolic and Sub-Symbolic AI
Authors: Leon Maikel
Published: August 2024

Innovations that combine the interpretability of symbolic AI with the learning capabilities of sub-symbolic AI can flourish in the nexus of symbolic and sub-symbolic AI. This research presents Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). This hybrid model combines the best features of both paradigms as a workable answer to the problems of interpretability and explainability in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. FCMs have become a robust framework for logically and intuitively supporting decision-making processes and expressing causal information. A more organic and adaptable problem-solving approach is made possible by FCMs’ ability to manage the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty present in real-world situations. Because of their innate flexibility and ability to learn and adapt from sub-symbolic AI, FCMs are an excellent fit for applications requiring high interpretability and explainability.
El ISSB emite normas iniciales NIIF de divulgación de sostenibilidad
Authors: Ernst & Young Centroamerica
Published: August 2024

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 18, 2024: 7-15.
La promoción interna en las empresas del sector formal de El Salvador
Authors: Vaquerano José Adan , Mártir Ana Lorena
Published: August 2024

The fundamental objective of this research effort, from the beginning, was to develop a study on the management of Human Talent in organizations in the formal sector of El Salvador, focusing attention on their internal promotion strategy, from the perspective of the working people. This topic has been addressed from the intersection of the generation classification variables, the productive sector for which they work, the type of work, the time they have been working since they obtained their first job and experience in the field with the nine questions in the body of the instrument. collection of information used. The findings suggest that in the Salvadoran reality with regard to the implementation of the internal promotion strategy there is still a lot of work to be done, it is aspects related to communicative actions, designing and executing training programs, the consolidation of a culture of meritocracy and of equal opportunities, among others.
Realidad Empresarial No. 18, 2024: 16-29.
Identificación de factores determinantes en la estrategia de internacionalización de empresas salvadoreñas. Una aproximación cualitativa
Authors: Alfaro Alfaro Alcides Dario
Published: August 2024

There are two types of determinants in the internationalization strategy of a company, these are internal and external. This study seeks to describe the essential internal and external factors for the internationalization process of small and medium-sized Salvadoran companies. By analyzing them, it is expected to provide answers to aspects related to the how and why of the internationalization strategy of companies in El Salvador. To carry out the above, the research follows a qualitative approach. For this reason, it presents two key elements to analyze. Firstly, the presentation of cases that fulfill the purpose of bringing strategic trends in the world, the continent, and the region closer to the Salvadoran reality, fulfilling a more deductive perspective. Secondly, the coaxial analysis of interviews conducted by the business magazine El Economista, with large and medium-sized companies in the country with a presence abroad. The study shows as the main results that the factors of innovation and digital presence have become key pieces for the development and growth of companies internationally, in addition, being important links to face the crisis of the COVID -19 pandemic. This research has allowed the construction of the tool for the status of a company or sector, called SWOT analysis, specifically for the Salvadoran export sector to characterize it.
Realidad Empresarial No. 18, 2024: 45-64.
Az Bilinen Bir Tanı' Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğu' : Bir Gözden Geçirme
Authors: Altunkaya Umutcan , Hocaoğlu Çiçek
Published: August 2024

Bu derleme çalışması, Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğu (DKB) hakkında mevcut literatürü incelemeyi ve bu bozukluğun etiyolojisi, tanı süreçleri, klinik özellikleri ve tedavi yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. DKB, genellikle çocukluk çağı travmaları ve ciddi stres faktörleri ile ilişkilendirilen karmaşık bir ruhsal bozukluktur. Literatürde, DKB'nin yaygınlığı yaklaşık %1 olarak tahmin edilmekte olup, kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha fazla görüldüğü bildirilmektedir. DKB'nin etiyolojisi, genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin bir kombinasyonunu içermektedir. Çocukluk döneminde yaşanan travmatik olayların, özellikle istismar ve ihmalin, DKB gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. Nöroanatomik çalışmalar, DKB'li bireylerde hipokampus, amigdala ve diğer beyin yapılarında yapısal değişiklikler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, travma ile ilişkili dissosiyatif bozuklukların biyolojik temellerine dair önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. DKB'nin teşhisi, Dissosiyatif Deneyimler Ölçeği gibi çeşitli ölçüm araçları kullanılarak yapılmaktadır. Ancak, DKB belirtilerinin diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla örtüşmesi nedeniyle, doğru teşhis koymak oldukça zordur. Bu nedenle, DKB'nin tanı sürecinde dikkatli ve kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılması gerekmektedir. Tedavi açısından, DKB'nin spesifik olarak onaylanmış bir farmakolojik tedavisi bulunmamaktadır. Bunun yerine, tedavi genellikle psikoterapiye dayanmaktadır. Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR) ve hipnoz gibi yöntemler, tedavi sürecinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu yöntemler, alter kişiliklerin merkez kişilik ile bütünleştirilmesine ve bireyin işlevselliğinin artırılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, DKB karmaşık ve zor bir bozukluktur. Bu bozukluğun daha iyi anlaşılması ve tedavi edilmesi için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir. Literatürde mevcut bulgular, DKB'nin travmatik deneyimlerle sıkı bir ilişki içinde olduğunu ve genetik, nöroanatomik, psikososyal ve çevresel etkenlerin birlikte ele alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu tür bütüncül bir yaklaşım, DKB'nin anlaşılmasını ve tedavi edilmesini daha etkili kılacaktır.
Kajian Budaya Dalam Keberagaman Pada Komunikasi Antarabudaya Pada Siswa SMA MARDI YUANA KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Rahayu Hilda Sri , Jaya Umban Adi , Wijaya Zeffanya Radhael , Gunawan Ce , Hamdalah Farhan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of intercultural communication related to multiculturalism, cultural differences, and language as a cultural map at SMA Mardi Yuana, Sukabumi City, Indonesia, on efforts to build national unity. The author used qualitative research methods with semi-structured interview techniques, through a case study approach from the participants. The results of the interviews were thematically analyzed by the author and then grouped based on the similarity of views expressed by the informants. The author found that there are significant differences in students' opinions regarding tolerance and multiculturalism based on gender. Male student informants tend to have a higher tendency to have a negative opinion on problems caused by differences in ethnicity, religion and race compared to female students. Gender plays a role in students' perceptions of social and cultural issues. These findings highlight the importance of education on tolerance and inclusion in schools. By understanding the complexity of students' views and the factors that have an impact on them, schools and educational institutions can design more effective programs in promoting tolerance, respect and inclusion among students, thus forming a generation that is more empathetic, inclusive and appreciative of multiculturalism.
Power Quality Enhancement in a Grid-Integrated Solar-PV System with a Hybrid UPQC Control Strategy
Authors: Chilakapati Lenin Babu , Manohar T. Gowri
Published: August 2024

The supply grid network has been periodically experiencing frequent problems with Power Quality (PQ), and these problems have gotten worse over time due to the rise of electrical appliances. Thus, supplying consumers with electricity in the custom of sinusoidal voltages and currents that have adequate magnitudes and frequencies near the common point of coupling (PCC) stays one of the Utility system's main responsibilities. Thus, in order to improve PQ in the supply grid network, this article examines the practice of solar-PV coordinated Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). By means of optimizing the utilization of solar energy and improving PQ, the Solar-PV fed UPQC contributes clean, renewable energy to the grid and solves environmental problems at the same time. This study presents Adaptive Leaky Least Mean Square (AL_LMS) algorithm-based control techniques for UPQC, which include both traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controllers for UPQC series and shunt active converter switching. This method gets the reference signals with switching on the shunt and series voltage source converters (VSCs) of UPQC by means of iteratively updation of the weights. Accordingly, PQ consternations for instance, voltage sag and swell of load voltage and harmonic distortions of grid current are reduced when control techniques have been applied to solar-PV fed UPQC. This work is carried out in MATLAB/Simulation software, and also the results of simulations demonstrate that the suggested ANFIS controlled AL_LMS algorithm is the most effective at improving power quality while adhering to IEEE-519 Standards when applied to a solar-PV fed UPQC.
A INTEGRAÇÃO DAS TIC’s NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: POTENCIALIDADES E DESAFIOS NA PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Souza Francisco Wallisson Moreira de , Oliveira Elane Mugrabi de , Carinhato Cristiane , Fontes Denise Soares , Goulart Alexandra Pereira , Martins Erika Joaquina Barboza , Pedreira Neto Berlardino Souza
Published: August 2024

Este artigo explora a integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no Ensino Fundamental, com foco em suas potencialidades e desafios. O objetivo é entender como as TICs afetam a prática pedagógica e o ambiente escolar. A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, combinando observações em sala de aula e análise de documentos escolares. Foram selecionadas três escolas com diferentes níveis de integração das TICs, por meio de uma amostra de conveniência. A análise dos dados seguiu a metodologia de categorização temática e análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin L (2011) e Bogdan R e Biklen S (1994). Os resultados revelam que a integração das TICs pode aumentar a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos, além de facilitar a compreensão de conteúdos complexos. No entanto, a pesquisa identificou desafios como a falta de infraestrutura adequada, a necessidade de formação contínua dos professores e resistência a mudanças metodológicas. Conclui-se que, para maximizar os benefícios das TICs, é crucial um investimento contínuo e uma abordagem integrada que envolva toda a comunidade escolar.