bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Support during Parental Military Deployment
Authors: MacDonald Gail F , Boon Helen J
Published: July 2017

Families of Australian Defence Force (ADF) members also contribute to the defence of our nation. Through maintaining family functioning at home, they enable the ADF member to focus on their operational duties confident that the family members at home are proceeding with day to day lives. Schools play an important role in supporting ADF families by providing the necessary emotional support to enable students to maintain academic engagement and progress. The Defence School Transition Aide (DSTA) program assists school to fulfil this role. Through the provision of proactive and responsive support services for students, teachers and parents and the sharing of a contextual understanding of the ADF lifestyle, Defence School Transition Aides (DSTAs) add to the whole school contribution to supporting the ADF.
Using a Transformative Paradigm Research Approach to Investigate Guidance and Counselling Service in Papua New Guinea Schools
Authors: Kravia Kainaro , Pagliano Paul
Published: July 2017

Since the introduction of school guidance and counseling services in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools in the 1970s little has changed. A limited number of Guidance Officers (GOs) each look after a large number of secondary schools. Consequently they only have time to administer a bank of Australian Council for Education Research (ACER) aptitude tests to grade 11 students and provide limited career guidance to year 12 students. This means that more than one million school aged children in PNG miss out on adequate guidance and counselling services, with any support they do receive being provided by untrained school personnel. This comparative study using a transformative paradigm research approach will explore guidance and counselling service in PNG and Australia with a particular focus on services available to schools in Goroka (PNG) and in Townsville (Queensland, Australia). Townsville has been identified as an ideal location because of Australia’s political history and its legacies in many systems of government (including the education system), economic practices and social life in PNG. Another factor is the researcher’s location as a post graduate student at the James Cook University in Townsville. The study will utilise a mixed methods comprising of autoethnography, survey, and interview. Through autoethnography the researcher intends to investigate his own experiences working in guidance and counselling services in PNG. Next is the use of a survey questionnaire to gauge care-givers’ views about the scope and type of services currently provided in PNG and in Queensland schools. Finally, several pertinent individuals in PNG and the State of Queensland will be interviewed about guidance and counselling services in the respective countries with a view to exploring how services will need to change to better meet anticipated future requirements. The information is then distilled to make recommendations as to how guidance and counseling services in PNG schools might be transformed.
Looking for Indigenous Entities in Afro-Brazilian Religions in Manaus: Activated Relations
Authors: Montardo Deise Lucy Oliveira
Published: July 2017

This text is an entrance to the universe of Afro-Brazilian religions, in a search for the references, presence and action of indigenous entities. The focus begins with Umbanda, in whose origin myth indigenous entities have a foundational and central role. This universe expands, however, to other religions, and the interest falls on dialogues that take place in the spiritual plane between beings and their performances in the rituals. The field study that informs this paper was conducted in Manaus because the city has a strong presence of Afro-Brazilian religions and significant contingent indigenous populations - which awakens curiosity about how, and if, this interferes in the manifestation of the indigenous entities in the religious context.
Encontro com lideranças indígenas: Transcrição do encontro realizado no dia 28 de maio de 2013
Authors: Lenoy Max , Antunes Eunice , Narciso Getúlio , Tschucambang Copacãm , Devos Rafael , De Souza Lima Antonio Carlos
Published: July 2017

SUMÁRIOI. Introdução – Rafael Devos ( antropólogo da UFSC): 2II. Eunice Antunes (liderança guarani): 3III. Getúlio Narciso (liderança kaingang): 5IV. Copacam Tschucambang (liderança xokleng/laklãno): 7V. Debatedor: Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima (antropólogo do Museu Nacional/UFRJ): 11VI. Comentários: 13VII. Questões do público: 15
Territoriality and Animality: Human-animal Relations in Quilombola Communities of Brazil
Authors: Fanaro Luisa
Published: July 2017

This article seeks to highlight the importance of the still incipient studies about the relationships between humans and animals in the remaining African-Brazilian Quilombola communities in tropical Brazil. I suggest here that these studies can prove very relevant to assist in the processes of land claiming and recognition processes, since I believe human-animal relations constitute, and are constituted by, the concept of territoriality, which is significant to Quilombola social organization. Starting with a brief review of the literature on the topic, the discussion will culminate in two specific cases: the Quilombola community of Bombas located in Iporanga in the state of São Paulo, surrounded by a vast area of moist tropical Atlantic Forest and approximately a two-hour walk from the center of the municipality, and the Quilombola community of Carmo in the municipality of São Roque, São Paulo, a rural neighborhood in an urban area surrounded by and urban jungle of high-end condominiums (and where I carried out field research). Both communities have been struggling for many years with the Brazilian state for the recognition of their territories.
War and Migration in the White African Tropics: Lauren St John’s Rainbow’s End
Authors: Gehrmann Richard , Hammersley-Mather Rachel
Published: July 2017

This paper explores voyage and migration in tropical Africa through Lauren St John’s Rainbow’s End, a memoir contributing to debates of white African identity that now include more contemporary renditions of identity in female self-reflective accounts differing markedly from masculine perspectives. In her coming-of-age memoir, St John chronicles her experiences of a privileged 1970s white Rhodesian society at war, and her gradual awareness of racial inequalities that transformed her into a white Zimbabwean. For her parents, voyage and migration take different paths. Her father migrated (with his family) to fight for a white Rhodesia, driven by masculine concerns. In contrast, St John’s mother was an avid traveller who journeyed from the mundane world of tropical farm life to exotic locations in Europe and beyond, escaping both her deteriorating marriage and the dull world of the club, small town gossip and a narrow minded semi-colonial rural environment. St John’s account of white settler identity and racial difference gives us insights into a day in the African tropics, and furthermore speaks to those in other settler countries such as Australia who are debating colonial history and identity, and who are often uncomfortable with aspects of their own settler past.
Beyond Str8tus Quo: Urbanization and Queerness in Tropical Southeast Asia
Authors: Lim Yvette Yanwen
Published: July 2017

In response to the International Day of the Tropics, I have chosen to focus on the relationship between urbanization, space and bodies in tropical Southeast Asia. Through an analysis of films from the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore, I argue that urbanization continues to perpetuate heteronormativity and patriarchy even as economic indicators show human progress in measurable terms. The trajectory of progress towards diversity and inclusion in tropical Southeast remains fraught with challenges, especially when we examine how bodies interact with spaces and continue to observe oppression and restriction of non-normative expressions and performances. The questions that guide this paper are related to the relationships between urbanization, bodies and sexuality, and how these are articulated in spaces. Queer spaces include those of contests and contestation, of impermanence and transgression, and of malls and borders.
List of Contributors
Authors: Editorial Assistant ETropic
Published: July 2017

List of Contributors to the Special Issue on the International Day of the Tropics
Romantic Pioneering in the Tropics: Archibald Meston’s Home Life in Cairns, 1882-1888
Authors: Taylor Cheryl
Published: July 2017

Archibald Meston invites attention as a leading contributor to the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1897, the law which regulated Queensland’s indigenous people into the 1970s. As Southern Protector from 1897 to 1903 he helped to establish the system of reserves provided for by the Act. Meston had earlier worked as a sugar boiler and farm manager in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. From 1878 to 1883 he represented Rosewood in a brief tumultuous career in State Parliament. Following editorial appointments with the Ipswich Observer, the Toowoomba Chronicle and the Townsville Herald, he came to Cairns early in 1882 as editor of the Cairns Chronicle. He was aged thirty-one and the father of a growing family. This was the beginning of a six-year tropical interlude in which he sought to further his career through regional politics and investments in the sugar industry, then undergoing its major expansion in the north. Meston’s public life in Cairns began promisingly when he led the lobbying to secure the rail connection to the Tableland for the Barron Valley route and was elected Chairman of the Divisional Board. His reputation languished soon afterwards, but revived again in the two years preceding his departure. However local rivalries and the community’s feeling that he was unreliable finally thwarted his hopes of returning to Parliament.
Non-Situated Learning and the Arts
Authors: Sorin Reesa
Published: July 2017

It is the Christmas season in Cairns and the end of the school year. In art class, Grade 1 & 2 children are folding white square paper into eighths, then making careful cuts into the folds and around the edges. The end result – a snowflake to be displayed on the bulletin board. During music, children sing, “I'm dreaming of a White Christmas” and “Santa Claus is coming to Town.” Sprayed-on snow decorates the mural with the large red sleigh in which sits Santa Claus, decked in long red pants, a red jacket with white fur trim, tall black boots, a toque and scarf.
Discussions with an Artist: Andres Caycedo ("The New Bohemians"-- Art, Politics and Place)
Authors: Lewinston Evelyn
Published: July 2017

It had been two months or more since I had cause to fly to Cairns and meet with Andres Caycedo. His solo exhibition in December 2004 was entitled "Shopping Makes You Free". Having sought retail therapy to solve my love woes in the past, I was shocked to find that his was an exhibition which sardonically tore apart any notion of rationality for war. Here was brave, raw political comment.Six months later we met for coffee. It was a cold, clammy August day. One dared hardly speak with an alternative political voice any more. The coffee shop banter was shallow and superficial; work politics, house renovations, and either kids or footy. Andres struck me as a man of slight build, Spanish-looking with dark curly hair and an olive complexion. One senses an easy going personality, unassuming and quiet on first meeting. Born in Colombia , Andres had lived in Australia for eight years. In retrospect on our first meeting, I seem to remember it was I who did most of the talking. Anxious to impart my ideas for a new book, I wanted Andres to agree to an interview.
Literary Representations of The Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Torre Stephen
Published: July 2017

In 1626 Samuel Purchas published an anthology of travel stories which included an account by François Pyrard de Laval of his shipwreck on a coral reef in the Maldives for 5 years in the first decade of the seventeenth century. Purchas translates Laval's account of the coral atolls as follows:All the shallowes are stone, Rocke and sand, so that when the tide is out, it reacheth not to ones waste, and for the most part to the mid-legge; so that is were very easie to goe wihtout a Boate throughout all the Isles of the same Atollon, if it were not for two causes. The one great fishes called Paimones, which devoure men and breake their legges and armes, when they encounter them; the other is that the depths of the Sea are generally very keene and sharpe Rockes which hurt them wonderfully that goe into it. And moreover they meete with many branches of a certaine thing which I know not whether to terme Tree or Rocke, it is not much unlike white Corall, which is also branched and piercing, but altogether polished; on the contrary, this is rugged, all hollow and pierced with little holes and passages, yet abides hard and ponderous as a stone. (Purchas, vol IX, 509).
The White Darkness: Confluences in the Imaginative Explorations of Identity and ‘the Other’ in the Work of Three Jewish Woman Artists in the Tropics - Maya Deren (1917 - 1961) in Haiti, Clarice Lispector (1920 - 1977) in Brazil, and Hélène Cixous (1937 -
Authors: Berger Karen
Published: July 2017

In this paper I will make use of extensive quotes to demonstrate the striking and surprising similarities in the writing of these three artists as they try to express what is ultimately inexpressible – their deepest experiences of life.
Tropical Flowers: Romancing the North in Early Female Fiction and Poetry
Authors: Taylor Cheryl
Published: July 2017

Tropical Flowers: Romancing the North in Early Female Fiction and Poetry.[PowerPoint Presentation]
First record of the landsnail Ferussacia folliculum (Schröter, 1784) in Belgium (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ferussaciidae)
Authors: Sablon Rose , Hansen Marc , Backeljau Thierry
Published: July 2017

This is a Short Note without an abstract.
“The Report Card is Pretty Ugly”: Children’s Perspectives of Assessment
Authors: Reynolds J. Karen , Corbin Dwyer Sonya
Published: July 2017

Teacher education research attention has focused on the professional development of teachers. What is often neglected in this landscape of research is students’ experiences with learning. This paper describes children’s perceptions of classroom assessment practices. We draw from Bourdieu’s (1990) theory of capital to interpret students’ comments regarding practices associated with tests, collaborative assessment and evaluation, and grades. Bourdieu (1986) suggests that various forms of capital (cultural, social, and symbolic) mediate human activity. Within this context, these assessment practices are means by which institutionalized cultural capital, in the form of high grades, are generated for exchange on competitive home and school markets.
Reframing Public Educational Services and Programs as Tradable Commodities – A Synthesis and Critique of British Columbia’s Bill 34
Authors: Fallon Gérald , Pancucci Sonya
Published: July 2017

This paper is a critical analysis of British Columbia’s controversial Part 6.1 of the School Amendment Act 2002 (Bill 34) as it relates to the reframing of public educational services and programs as a tradable commodity. It enables public school districts to incorporate private companies to set up offshore schools and to market educational services and programs locally, nationally, and internationally. Policy- makers introduced this Bill with the assumption that public educational institutions must compete with other “providers,” to sell their services and programs effectively in order to keep revenues at a healthy level to ensure their institutional viability and relevancy. This paper examines the goals, motives, and assumptions behind Bill 34, and, more specifically, the extent to which Part 6.1 of Bill 34 incorporates a market approach to public education as it commodifies public educational services and programs and creates competitive arrangements between public educational institutions.
Understanding Curriculum: An Introduction to the Study of Historical and Contemporary Curriculum Discourses
Authors: A. McClelland Kenneth
Published: July 2017

When it comes to educational tomes, it would be hard not to recommend Understanding Curriculum (Pinar, Reynolds, Slattery, & Taubman, 2000). The book offers a thorough overview of the last 150 years of curriculum thought and is organized in such a way that, although lengthy (nearly 1000 pages), it is palatable to both the generalist and the specialist. I would recommend this text unhesitatingly as a breakthrough work of scholarship and as an invaluable guide through what can seem to the weary traveler a bewildering curriculum landscape.
Vers une meilleure comprehension des savoirs disciplinaires et curriculaires des enseignants ou Ie paradigme retrouve
Authors: Martineau Stephane
Published: July 2017

eet article se veut essentieUement un travail de synthese sous la forme d 'une breve revue de litterature au sujet des savoirs disciplinaires et curriculaires en enseignement. Plus specifiquement, il vise a determiner queUes sont les principales conclusions qui se degagent de la lecture des recherches empiriques sur les savoirs disciplinaires et curriculaires des enseignants des ordres d'enseignement primaire et secondaire. Il propose donc une classification des differentes dimensions constitutives du rapport entre les savoirs disciplinaires et curriculaires et la pratique enseignante. Les resultats mis au jour permettent d 'une part, d'identifier les facteurs qui entrainent des differences dans les connaissances disciplinaires et curriculaires des enseignants et d'autre part, de mieux saisir comment ces connaissances de l'enseignant peuvent influencer en retour sa pratique.
Storytellers Of Canada Conteurs Du Canada
Authors: Frost M. Jennie
Published: July 2017

Once upon a time stops clocks, ushers us into a world alive by consent, outlined by words, coloured by listening. Once there, we get involved with the people we meet, and we care what happens to them. When we return to this world, we have memories, ideas, and insights to ponder. Storytelling has magic in it.
Facts on Literacy and Disabilities
Authors: Alberta Literacy
Published: July 2017

Learning disabilities affect at least 10% of Canadians. More than 80% of these experience difficulty in learning to read.
Immunization and student health: What every teacher should know
Authors: Appleton Mary
Published: July 2017

One might speculate that the answer posed by the question should a parent be responsible for arranging to immunize a child, or for that matter reimmunize themselves would be a no-brainer. Most would say of course. Who can sensibly argue that prevention is preferred to treatment of disease? Yet many are not taking full advantage of the most effective means of preventing illness, disability and death caused by vaccine-preventable diseases.
Leadership in Education: A Look Back
Authors: Letters Royal Bank
Published: July 2017

I close this issue by including an article first published in 1962 by the Royal Bank Letters. This article influenced me in many ways during my 36 year career and I am positive that it must have had some influence as the various reports, commissions, policies and directions evolved since then. Simply put the content of this letter was and is a reminder to me of what the mandate and responsibilities are for those involved in education. Although dates and references are obviously out of sync much remains applicable to all those interested in leadership in education. I appreciate that the Royal Bank of Canada first chose to publish this manuscript and that they provided permission to reprint this letter. RC
“Essentials” for a Successful School-Wide Action Research Project
Authors: Clausen Kurt W. , Petruka Dale R.
Published: July 2017

Recently, we had the privilege of conducting a year-long case study at an elementary school in Ontario which was carrying out a school-wide action research project. As the year progressed it became clear that, if a school wanted to feel the full benefits of this technique, its implementation could not be undertaken like ten solitary research endeavours with ten separate participants. Instead, we concluded that visible changes had to be made to the traditional school behaviour for this innovation to succeed in the long term. From a literature review and our experiences with the case study school, we identified ten “essentials” that needed to be addressed for a school-wide action research project to prosper, ultimately changing the culture of a school and improving both teacher and student learning. Our findings fall in line with recent literature arguing that a school should be seen as a “learning community”. As a way to bring meaning, motivation and accessibility to professional development, an entire school should engage in peer collaboration, action research projects and collegial dialogue in an effort to improve teaching practices (Peery, 2004; Rosenholtz, 1989; Darling-Hammond, 1996; Barkley & Schwartz, 1989).
Student Engagement for Equity and Social Justice: Creating Space for Student Voice
Authors: McMahon Brenda , Munns Geoff , Smyth John , Zyngier David
Published: July 2017

This paper describes three student engagement initiatives that have been successfully implemented in Australia and Canada, where social justice educators are struggling with issues resulting from reforms that marginalize visible minority and low-income students. The projects envision student engagement in critical democratic ways. Using different strategies, they are informed by approaches that: respect students, educators and teaching/learning processes; connect on emotional as well as cognitive levels; and shift away from narrow notions of schooling to broader visions of education for marginalized students. Transferable to other locations, these programmes provide insights into what is possible when student engagement is enacted in equitable, socially just, and transformative environments.
Human myiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi, case series from Norway, 2011 to 2016
Authors: Landehag Jörgen , Skogen Andreas , Åsbakk Kjetil , Kan Boris
Published: July 2017

Hypoderma tarandi causes myiasis in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) in most northern hemisphere regions where these animals live. We report a series of 39 human myiasis cases caused by H. tarandi in Norway from 2011 to 2016. Thirty-two were residents of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, one a visitor to Finnmark, and six lived in other counties of Norway where reindeer live. Clinical manifestations involved migratory dermal swellings of the face and head, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, and periorbital oedema, with or without eosinophilia. Most cases of human myiasis are seen in tropical and subtropical countries, and in tourists returning from such areas. Our findings demonstrate that myiasis caused by H. tarandi is more common than previously thought. Healthcare professionals in regions where there is a likelihood of human infestation with H. tarandi (regions populated by reindeer), or treating returning travellers, should be aware of the condition. All clinicians are advised to obtain a detailed travel history when assessing patients with migratory dermal swellings. On clinical suspicion, ivermectin should be given to prevent larval invasion of the eye (ophthalmomyiasis). Since H. tarandi oviposits on hair, we suggest wearing a hat as a prevention measure.
Are pertussis cases reported too late for public health interventions? Retrospective analysis of cases in London and South East England, 2010 to 2015
Authors: Crabbe Helen , Saavedra-Campos María , Verlander Neville Q , Leonard Anusha , Morris Jill , Wright Amanda , Balasegaram Sooria
Published: July 2017

In the United Kingdom, pertussis guidance recommends prophylaxis for household contacts within 21 days of case symptom onset if the household includes a vulnerable contact. The aim of our study was to identify characteristics associated with cases reported late for public health action. We reviewed the epidemiology of cases reported in London and South East England for the period 2010 to 2015. We characterised risk factors associated with late reporting of cases and described public health actions taken on timely reported cases. From 2010 to 2015, 9,163 cases of pertussis were reported to health protection teams. Only 11% of cases were reported within 21 days of onset, limiting opportunities for secondary prevention. Timely reporting was associated with younger age groups, pregnancy, being a healthcare worker and being reported by schools or hospital clinicians. Late reporting was associated with older age groups and general practitioner or laboratory reporting. Delays, such as those due to insidious onset and late presentation to healthcare, may be unavoidable; however, delay in reporting once a patient presents can be reduced since cases can be reported before laboratory confirmation. Thus we recommend working with clinicians and laboratories to determine causes and improve early reporting to public health.
Gray fox home range, spatial overlap, mated pair interactions and extra‐territorial forays in southwestern Georgia, USA
Authors: Deuel Nicholas R. , Conner L. Mike , Miller Karl V. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Cherry Michael J. , Tannenbaum Lawrence V.
Published: July 2017

Despite numerous studies estimating gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus home range sizes, there have been few studies to evaluate more nuanced space use patterns; thus little is known about gray fox spatial ecology beyond estimates of home range size. We used GPS‐technology to track 34 gray foxes (20 males and 14 females) from February 2014 until December 2015 in southwestern Georgia, USA. Home range sizes were similar among seasons (p > 0.05), but core area sizes were smaller during spring than during winter and summer (p < 0.05). As would be expected, home range overlap was much greater between mated pairs than among neighboring animals and core area overlap among neighbors did not occur. Members of a mated pair apparently interacted frequently, with 29.4% of all simultaneous locations occurring within 40 m of each other. Members of mated pairs interacted more diurnally during spring (49.9%) which is concurrent with denning, than during summer (31.5%), while nocturnal interactions were similar during spring (18.0%) and summer (19.3%). We recorded 25 extra‐territorial forays from 10 of 26 gray foxes. Three male foxes were responsible for nearly half (12) of these forays. Because these forays took place during the breeding season, we suggest males may have been seeking extra‐pair copulations.
Multiple and Fluid: Religious and Diasporic Belonging in Venice’s Maritime State in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period
Authors: Grabačić Milena
Published: July 2017

As a result of the Ottoman territorial conquests, the Venice of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was a site of an unprecedented influx of immigrants from its colonies in the Adriatic and the eastern Mediterranean. Venice’s own polycentric and plural legal and institutional system provided a backdrop for complex processes of accommodation and contestation of cultural difference. Both state institutions and legal categories struggled to respond to the demands of Venice’s increasingly diverse populations. Immigrants themselves negotiated the legal and social categories of the state, and drew on different conceptions of social membership, in order to formulate their own claims about identity and belonging. This article focuses on two specific social sites where notions of community and belonging were elaborated: the establishment of Venetian civic ritual and the resulting negotiation of local religion in the eastern Adriatic commune of Kotor (Cattaro), and the working of lay religious corporations of foreigners in Venice, which complicated metropolitan and colonial perspectives and created a more reciprocal understanding of the world in which both colonial administration and local populations picked their way between multiple legal, linguistic, and ethnic boundaries. Religious devotion emerges not simply as a reflection of wider social, economic, and cultural changes, but as a dynamic and active agent in their negotiation.
Post-Diaspora and the Poetics of “What?” in Fred Wah’sDiamond Grill
Authors: Rollins Jonathan
Published: July 2017

Fred Wah’s auto-/bio-fictional Diamond Grill (1996) is an accretion of narrative fragments with which Wah tells the story of his compound, multiethnic identity. Employing an interrogative strategy or a poetics of “What?” he raises a number of difficult questions regarding the contested nature of diasporas and diasporans. This paper examines the problems of identity foregrounded in Diamond Grill and outlines the advantages and liabilities of diaspora as a critical framework with which to address the slippery indeterminacy of Wah’s narrative. This study concludes by proposing the inclusive, open-ended term “post-diaspora” as a useful alternative approach to the variety of identities that Wah explores in his writing.
Ancestral and Territorial Homelands: The Politics of the Indian Diaspora in Kenya
Authors: Desai Gaurav
Published: July 2017

This is a review essay of Sana Aiyar’s book Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora. I frame the discussion in the context not only of Indians in Kenya but also in other parts of Africa, particularly South Africa. The rhetoric of the clash of civilizations is introduced, and its implicit and explicit resonance in solidarities and tensions between Indians and Africans is discussed. After highlighting the many merits of Aiyar’s account, I end with a call for a more explicit engagement with matters of gender and the role of women in this history.
The Lobbying Act and the Scottish Third Sector: Implications for Policy Development, Implementation, and Practice
Authors: Bird Joshua
Published: July 2017

This research addresses how the Westminster Lobbying Act, passed in 2014, affected the lobbying and campaigning behaviour of Scottish third sector organisations during the 2015 general election cycle. Using a primarily qualitative approach, it analyses the perspectives among thirds sector policy and communications professionals on what has worked and (more importantly) what has not worked with the Lobbying Act and associated guidance in practice. After analysing this data, it is argued that the Lobbying Act has materially impacted the Scottish third sector. Further, the ambiguities in the legislation and the associated guidance mean that the perceptions of what the Act means for third sector organisations is as important, if not more so, than the actual effects. For this reason, this paper offers a series of recommendations to address deficiencies in the Lobbying Act, and how the lessons learned might apply to Holyrood's Lobbying Act. The overarching aim is to increase understandings of campaign activity in the Scottish third sector, and to ensure that these organisations can lawfully campaign on behalf of their service bases during general and devolved election cycles.
‘A true European’: In Memory of Eberhard ‘Paddy’ Bort, 1954–2017
Authors: Anderson Malcolm , Bechhofer Frank , Brown Alice , McCrone David , Relich Mario
Published: July 2017

Eberhard ‘Paddy’ Bort served as Reviews Editor of Scottish Affairs from 2000 to his unexpected death in early 2017. This essay draws together several of his colleagues and friends to outline Paddy's contributions to the study of Borders and his wider activities in and around Scottish academic life.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of an Elasto-Flexible Membrane Wing at a Reynolds Number of 280,000
Authors: Piquee Julie , Breitsamter Christian
Published: July 2017

This work presents numerical and experimental investigations of an elasto-flexible membrane wing at a Reynolds number of 280,000. Such a concept has the capacity to adapt itself to the incoming flow offering a wider range of the flight envelope. This adaptation is clearly observed in the numerical study: the camber of the airfoil changes with the dynamic pressure and the angle of attack, which permits a smoother and delayed stall. The numerical results, obtained from Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations, also show that the laminar-turbulent transition influences the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing, as it directly affects the pressure distribution on the membrane and the geometry of the airfoil. Two different turbulence models were therefore tested. Furthermore, experimental investigations are considered in this paper to estimate the precision of the FSI simulations. It appears that the FSI study overestimates the lift coefficient, and the drag coefficient is undervalued, which can be explained by dynamic calibration of the model. Nevertheless, the velocity field obtained with the hot-wire anemometry system shows good agreement on the upper side of the model. The membrane deflection measurements also appear to be consistent with the expected geometry of the deformed airfoil from the FSI simulations.
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015
Authors: Zhou Tiancai , Sun Jian , Yu Huan
Published: July 2017

China faces unprecedented air pollution today. In this study, a database (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) was developed from recordings in 188 cities across China in 2014 and 2015 to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics, relationships among atmospheric contaminations, and variations in these contaminants. Across China, the results indicated that the average monthly concentrations of air pollutants were higher from November to February than in other months. Further, the spatial patterns of air pollutants showed that the most polluted areas were located in Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi provinces, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In addition, the average daily concentrations of air pollutants were also higher in spring and winter, and significant relationships between the principal air pollutants (negative for O3 and positive for the others) were found. Finally, the results of a generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that the concentrations of PM10 and O3 fluctuate dynamically; there was a consistent increase in CO and NO2, and PM2.5 and SO2 showed a sharply decreasing trend. To minimize air pollution, open biomass burning should be prohibited, the energy efficiency of coal should be improved, and the full use of clean fuels (nuclear, wind, and solar energy) for municipal heating should be encouraged from November to February. Consequently, an optimized program of urban development should be highlighted.
Some Topics on the Physics of Bubble Dynamics in Beer
Authors: Vega-Martínez Patricia , Enríquez Oscar , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Javier
Published: July 2017

Besides being the favorite beverage of a large percentage of the population, a glass or bottle of beer is a test bench for a myriad of phenomena involving mass transfer, bubble-laden flows, natural convection, and many more topics of interest in Physical Chemistry. This paper summarizes some representative physical problems related to bubbles that occur in beer containers, pointing out their practical importance for the industry of beverage processing, as well as their potential connection to other processes occurring in natural sciences. More specifically, this paper describes the physics behind the sudden foam explosion occurring after a beer bottled is tapped on its mouth, gushing, buoyancy-induced motions in beer glasses, and bubble growth in stout beers.
Design of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds with Tunable Matrix Stiffness for Directing Stem Cell Lineage Specification: An In Silico Study
Authors: Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj , Shuo Zhang , Fuh Jerry , Lu Wen
Published: July 2017

Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary area of research bringing together the fields of engineering and life sciences with the aim of fabricating tissue constructs aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. Scaffolds play a key role in tissue engineering, acting as the templates for tissue regeneration and guiding the growth of new tissue. The use of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine becomes indispensable, especially for applications involving successful long-term restoration of continuously self-renewing tissues, such as skin. The differentiation of stem cells is controlled by a number of cues, of which the nature of the substrate and its innate stiffness plays a vital role in stem cell fate determination. By tuning the substrate stiffness, the differentiation of stem cells can be directed to the desired lineage. Many studies on the effect of substrate stiffness on stem cell differentiation has been reported, but most of those studies are conducted with two-dimensional (2D) substrates. However, the native in vivo tissue microenvironment is three-dimensional (3D) and life science researchers are moving towards 3D cell cultures. Porous 3D scaffolds are widely used by the researchers for 3D cell culture and the properties of such scaffolds affects the cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. To this end, the design of porous scaffolds directly influences the stem cell fate determination. There exists a need to have 3D scaffolds with tunable stiffness for directing the differentiation of stem cells into the desired lineage. Given the limited number of biomaterials with all the desired properties, the design of the scaffolds themselves could be used to tune the matrix stiffness. This paper is an in silico study, investigating the effect of various scaffold parameter, namely fiber width, porosity, number of unit cells per layer, number of layers, and material selection, on the matrix stiffness, thereby offering a guideline for design of porous tissue engineering scaffolds with tunable matrix stiffness for directing stem cell lineage specification.
Earth System Model Needs for Including the Interactive Representation of Nitrogen Deposition and Drought Effects on Forested Ecosystems
Authors: Drewniak Beth , Gonzalez-Meler Miquel
Published: July 2017

One of the biggest uncertainties of climate change is determining the response of vegetation to many co-occurring stressors. In particular, many forests are experiencing increased nitrogen deposition and are expected to suffer in the future from increased drought frequency and intensity. Interactions between drought and nitrogen deposition are antagonistic and non-additive, which makes predictions of vegetation response dependent on multiple factors. The tools we use (Earth system models) to evaluate the impact of climate change on the carbon cycle are ill equipped to capture the physiological feedbacks and dynamic responses of ecosystems to these types of stressors. In this manuscript, we review the observed effects of nitrogen deposition and drought on vegetation as they relate to productivity, particularly focusing on carbon uptake and partitioning. We conclude there are several areas of model development that can improve the predicted carbon uptake under increasing nitrogen deposition and drought. This includes a more flexible framework for carbon and nitrogen partitioning, dynamic carbon allocation, better representation of root form and function, age and succession dynamics, competition, and plant modeling using trait-based approaches. These areas of model development have the potential to improve the forecasting ability and reduce the uncertainty of climate models.
Biomass Modeling of Larch (Larix spp.) Plantations in China Based on the Mixed Model, Dummy Variable Model, and Bayesian Hierarchical Model
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Huang Xingzhao , Zhang Shougong , Sun Xiaomei
Published: July 2017

With the development of national-scale forest biomass monitoring work, accurate estimation of forest biomass on a large scale is becoming an important research topic in forestry. In this study, the stem wood, branches, stem bark, needles, roots and total biomass models for larch were developed at the regional level, using a general allometric equation, a dummy variable model, a mixed effects model, and a Bayesian hierarchical model, to select the most effective method for predicting large-scale forest biomass. Results showed total biomass of trees with the same diameter gradually decreased from southern to northern regions in China, except in the Hebei province. We found that the stem wood, branch, stem bark, needle, root, and total biomass model relationships were statistically significant (p-values < 0.01) for the general allometric equation, linear mixed model, dummy variable model, and Bayesian hierarchical model, but the linear mixed, dummy variable, and Bayesian hierarchical models showed better performance than the general allometric equation. An F-test also showed significant differences between the models. The R2 average values of the linear mixed model, dummy variable model, and Bayesian hierarchical model were higher than those of the general allometric equation by 0.007, 0.018, 0.015, 0.004, 0.09, and 0.117 for the total tree, root, stem wood, stem bark, branch, and needle models respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the linear mixed model, dummy variable model, and Bayesian hierarchical model. When the number of categories was increased, the linear mixed model and Bayesian hierarchical model were more flexible and applicable than the dummy variable model for the construction of regional biomass models.
Codigestion of Untreated and Treated Sewage Sludge with the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes
Authors: Al bkoor Alrawashdeh Khalideh , Pugliese Annarita , Slopiecka Katarzyna , Pistolesi Valentina , Massoli Sara , Bartocci Pietro , Bidini Gianni , Fantozzi Francesco
Published: July 2017

Disposal of biodegradable waste has become a stringent waste management and environmental issue. As a result, anaerobic digestion has become one of the best alternative technology to treat the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and can be an important source of bioenergy. This study focuses on the evaluation of biogas and methane yields from the digestion and co-digestion of mixtures of waste untreated sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. These are compared with the results obtained from the digestion and codigestion of mixtures containing waste active sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. The two types of substrates were used to perform biomethanation potential tests, in mesophilic conditions (35 °C) at lab scale. It was observed a maximum biogas yield for 100% of untreated sewage sludge, corresponding to 0.644 Nm 3 /kg VS and 0.499 Nm 3 /kg VS of biogas and methane production respectively. The study also demonstrates the possibility of increasing biogas production up to 36% and methane content up to 94% using waste untreated sludge substrate in both digestion and codigestion, compared to waste active sludge substrate.
Rage and Anxiety in the Split between Freud and Jung
Authors: Doran Christine
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on the period of the historic rupture between Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, approximately the period from 1909 to 1913. It examines the relevance of rage and anxiety in the process of escalating conflict culminating in a definitive separation. Their estrangement led to a theoretical parting of the ways, signified by the divergence between psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. This study begins from the understanding that, for both Freud and Jung, private life experiences, personal relationships and conflicts, and their emotional responses were deeply intertwined with the processes of theorising and writing. The rift and final split were accompanied by large amounts of rage and anxiety on both sides, which continued to have emotional reverberations on the two famous psychologists for the rest of their lives. This paper will look at how the emotional pressures generated by the feud influenced the theoretical work on the emotional life they produced during this period: Freud’s Totem and Taboo (1913) and “The History of the Psycho-analytic Movement” (1914), and Jung’s Psychology of the Unconscious (1912).
Comparative Research of Visual Interpretation of Aerial Images and Topographic Maps for Unskilled Users: Searching for Objects Important for Decision-Making in Crisis Situations
Authors: Svatonova Hana , Kolejka Jaromir
Published: July 2017

The article presents the results of research focused on the speed and success rate of reading aerial images and topographic maps showing the same territory in the Czech Republic. Attention was focused on searching for objects of importance in terms of disaster management (railway and road bridges, road, watercourse, railway station, airport). The success rate was electronically evaluated by the Hypothesis software as a whole for the image, and the map was created for all respondents and for selected groups of respondents. The results showed that, with the exception of watercourse identification, other strategic objects are found faster and more reliably on color aerial images. No differences in speed and success of interpretation were found between men and women, laymen and experts. Soldiers and crisis management personnel were faster than laymen, but they were equally successful. Color aerial images or color aerial orthophotomaps have thus proved to be a key source of data for effective decision-making on a territory where a crisis event is taking place and where the deployment of a crisis unit is a need.
Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity Is Essential for Amanita caesarea Mediated Neuroprotection on Glutamate-Induced Apoptotic HT22 Cells and an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Li Zhiping , Chen Xia , Lu Wenqian , Zhang Shun , Guan Xin , Li Zeyu , Wang Di
Published: July 2017

Amanita caesarea, an edible mushroom found mainly in Asia and southern Europe, has been reported to show good antioxidative activities. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of A. caesarea aqueous extract (AC) were determined in an l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) induced HT22 cell apoptosis model, and in a d-galactose (d-gal) and AlCl3-developed experimental Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. In 25 mM of l-Glu-damaged HT22 cells, a 3-h pretreatment with AC strongly improved cell viability, reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells, restored mitochondrial function, inhibited the over-production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, and suppressed the high expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3, calpain 1, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Bax. Compared with HT22 exposed only to l-Glu cells, AC enhanced the phosphorylation activities of protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and suppressed the phosphorylation activities of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). In the experimental AD mouse, 28-day AC administration at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day strongly enhanced vertical movements and locomotor activities, increased the endurance time in the rotarod test, and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test. AC also alleviated the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain and improved the central cholinergic system function, as indicated by an increase acetylcholine (Ach) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) concentrations and a reduction in acetylcholine esterase (AchE) levels. Moreover, AC reduced ROS levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the brain of experimental AD mice. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence that A. caesarea may serve as potential food for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.