bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis and Testing of Spiral Quantitative Fertiliser Distributors in Orchards
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Tang Yurong , Lan Haipeng , Liu Yang , Zeng Yong , Tang Zhihui , He Yichuan , Zhang Yongcheng
Published: August 2023

This study designed two levels of quantitative fertilizer distribution to investigate precision fertilization applications in orchards in South Xinjiang, China, which have vast rows and narrow plant spaces. The machine comprised a base frame, a ditching device, a fertilizing apparatus and an earth-covering device. The design parameters of the flow stabilization screw, conveyor screw and single-ring fertilizer quantity were summarised using theoretical analysis. The single-ring fertilizer quantity of the conveyor screw was verified via an experiment by combining EDEM software. Three-factor and three-level Box–Behnken tests were conducted using the spiral rotation speed of the conveyor, advancing of the speed and the opening degree of fertilizer outlet as the test factors and using the coefficient of variation (CV) of uniformity as the test index—thus obtaining the optimal working parameters. The simulation test results revealed that the single-ring fertilizer quantity of the fertilizing apparatus was 145.6 g, fulfilling the design requirements. The prototype testing results showed that the CV of uniformity was 6.521% when the spiral rotation speed of the conveyor, the opening degree of the fertilizer outlet and the advancing speed were 66 RPM, 42% and 2.7 km/h—thus meeting the needs of precision fertilization operations. The two designed levels of the quantitative fertilizer distributors were applied to fertilization processes in orchards with wide-row spaces and narrow plant spaces in South Xinjiang, China and were able to effectively carry out the precision fertilization applications. These data could also provide references for the optimization of spiral quantitative fertilizer distributors.
DNA Damage of Iron-Gold Nanoparticle Heterojunction Irradiated by kV Photon Beams: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Chow James C. L. , Santiago Christine A.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the dependence of DNA damage on the proportion of iron and gold in iron-gold nanoparticle heterojunctions using Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation setup included a spherical nanoparticle with varying percentages of iron and gold, irradiated by photon beams of different energies (50–150 keV). The Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo code was utilized for the accurate tracking of radiation transport. The results reveal that DNA damage increases with a higher percentage of gold volume in the heterojunction, primarily due to photoelectric enhancement. Furthermore, a lower photon beam energy of 50 keV induces greater DNA damage compared to energies of 100 keV and 150 keV. The findings suggest that for effective cancer cell eradication through DNA damage, the gold volume should be equal to or greater than 50% in the iron-gold nanoparticle heterojunction. In conclusion, the findings from this study will shed light on the potential of iron-gold nanoparticle heterojunctions in enhancing radiotherapy outcomes. The investigation of DNA damage resulting from the combination of contrast agents and radiosensitizers is crucial for advancing cancer research and treatment. The knowledge gained from this research will aid in the development of personalized and effective radiotherapy approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes in cancer treatment.
Relative-Breakpoint-Based Crack Annotation Method for Lightweight Crack Identification Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Xu Weidong , Cai C. S. , Xiong Wen
Published: August 2023

After years of service, bridges could lose their expected functions. Considering the significant number of bridges and the adverse inspecting environment, the urgent requirement for timely and efficient inspection solutions, such as computer vision techniques, have been attractive in recent years, especially for those bridge components with poor accessibility. In this paper, a lightweight procedure for bridge apparent-defect detection is proposed, including a crack annotation method and crack detection. First of all, in order to save computational costs and improve generalization performance, we propose herein a relative-breakpoint annotation method to build a crack instance segmentation dataset, a critical process for a supervised vision-based crack detection method. Then, the trained models based on classic Mask RCNN and Yolact are transferred to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. To verify the correctness, universality and generality of the proposed crack-detection framework, approximately 800 images are used for model training, while nearly 100 images are saved for validation. Results show that the crack instance segmentation model can achieve a level of 90% for both accuracy and recall values, with a limited dataset.
Intermedialities as Sociopolitical Assemblages in Contemporary Art
Authors: Westgeest Helen
Published: August 2023

This article is an introductory essay to the Special Issue “A Comparative Study of Media in Contemporary Visual Art”. It starts with a short overview of the terminological discussion about intermediality as a concept and its relationship with medialities with other prefixes—such as mixed, intra-, multi-, and transmedialities. So far, intermediality has been discussed less by art historians than by literary scholars. This introductory essay argues that critical analysis of intermediality in contemporary artworks may offer additional insights for investigation of the issues addressed in these artworks. The case studies in this Special Issue underscore this view. As a kind of kick-off, the second part of this essay includes a short case study that focuses on two artworks by the Lebanese artist Rabih Mroué in order to provide insight into how intermedial relations can act as metaphors for the sociopolitical relations addressed in his artworks. Applying philosopher Manuel DeLanda’s “assemblage theory”, philosopher Edward S. Casey’s concept of “absorptive mapping”, and anthropologist Tim Ingold’s view of living beings as consisting of a bundle of lines facilitates the highlighting of the sociopolitical aspects of intermediality in Mroué’s artworks.
Hemispheric Symmetry of Planetary Albedo: A Corollary of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
Authors: Ou Hsien-Wang
Published: August 2023

It is increasingly recognized that the generic climate state is a macroscopic manifestation of a nonequilibrium thermodynamic (NT) system characterized by maximum entropy production (MEP)—a generalized second law. Through a minimal tropical/polar-band model, I show that MEP would propel low clouds to polar bands to symmetrize the planetary albedo, a remarkable observation that may now be explained. The prognosed polar albedo is consistent with the current observation, which moreover is little altered during the ice age of more reflective land and the early Triassic period of symmetric land, suggesting its considerable stability through Earth’s history. Climate models have not replicated the observed albedo symmetry and, given the potency of MEP in propelling clouds, it is suggested that to improve climate models, a higher premium be placed on resolving eddies—thereby encapsulating the NT—than detailed cloud physics.
Starlike Functions Associated with Bernoulli’s Numbers of Second Kind
Authors: Raza Mohsan , Tariq Mehak , Ro Jong-Suk , Tchier Fairouz , Malik Sarfraz Nawaz
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce a class of starlike functions that are related to Bernoulli’s numbers of the second kind. Let φBS(ξ)=ξeξ−12=∑n=0∞ξnBn2n!, where the coefficients of Bn2 are Bernoulli numbers of the second kind. Then, we introduce a subclass of starlike functions 𝟊 such that ξ𝟊′(ξ)𝟊(ξ)≺φBS(ξ). We found out the coefficient bounds, several radii problems, structural formulas, and inclusion relations. We also found sharp Hankel determinant problems of this class.
Distance Metric Optimization-Driven Neural Network Learning Framework for Pattern Classification
Authors: Jiang Yimeng , Yu Guolin , Ma Jun
Published: August 2023

As a novel neural network learning framework, Twin Extreme Learning Machine (TELM) has received extensive attention and research in the field of machine learning. However, TELM is affected by noise or outliers in practical applications so that its generalization performance is reduced compared to robust learning algorithms. In this paper, we propose two novel distance metric optimization-driven robust twin extreme learning machine learning frameworks for pattern classification, namely, CWTELM and FCWTELM. By introducing the robust Welsch loss function and capped L2,p-distance metric, our methods reduce the effect of outliers and improve the generalization performance of the model compared to TELM. In addition, two efficient iterative algorithms are designed to solve the challenges brought by the non-convex optimization problems CWTELM and FCWTELM, and we theoretically guarantee their convergence, local optimality, and computational complexity. Then, the proposed algorithms are compared with five other classical algorithms under different noise and different datasets, and the statistical detection analysis is implemented. Finally, we conclude that our algorithm has excellent robustness and classification performance.
The Molecular Mechanisms of HLA-G Regulatory Function on Immune Cells during Early Pregnancy
Authors: Mao Jia , Feng Ying , Zhu Xiaofeng , Ma Fang
Published: August 2023

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical human major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecule with the membrane-bound and soluble types. HLA-G is primarily expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells located at the maternal–fetal interface during pregnancy and is essential in establishing immune tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms by which HLA-G regulates the immune function of NK cells. It highlights that HLA-G binds to microRNA to suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and stimulate the secretion of growth factors to support fetal growth. The interactions between HLA-G and NK cells also activate senescence signaling, promoting spiral artery remodeling and maintaining the balance of maternal–fetal immune responses. In addition, HLA-G can inhibit the function of decidual T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Overall, the interaction between trophoblast cells and immune cells mediated by HLA-G plays a crucial role in understanding immune regulation at the maternal–fetal interface and offers insights into potential treatments for pregnancy-related diseases.
Association between Salivary Cortisol and α-Amylase with the Psychological Profile of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Glavina Ana , Lugović-Mihić Liborija , Martinović Dinko , Cigić Livia , Tandara Leida , Lukenda Marino , Biočina-Lukenda Dolores , Šupe-Domić Daniela
Published: August 2023

The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and the psychological profile of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). A total of 160 subjects participated in this case–control study: 60 patients with OLP; 60 patients with primary BMS; and 40 control subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected between 9 and 10 a.m. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Psychological assessment was evaluated with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The patients with primary BMS had higher salivary cortisol concentrations and α-amylase activity (0.52 vs. 0.44 µg/dL; 160,531 vs. 145,804 U/L; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffe test) compared with patients with OLP. The patients with primary BMS had statistically significant higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress compared with patients with OLP and control subjects (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test). There was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and depression, stress and depression, and stress and anxiety in patients with OLP and BMS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively; Spearman’s correlation). There was a good positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and psychological profile (depression, anxiety, stress) in patients with primary BMS (r = 0.373, p = 0.003; r = 0.515, p < 0.001; r = 0.365, p = 0.004, respectively; Spearman’s correlation). This case–control study is the first to compare the psychoendocrinological profile of patients with two different oral diseases. The patients with BMS showed a higher concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and a stronger association with mental disorders compared with patients with OLP. However, an interdisciplinary psychoneuroimmunological approach is equally important in both patient groups (OLP and BMS), regardless of whether mental disorders are the cause or the consequence.
10th Anniversary of Biomedicines—Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Mattei Vincenzo , Delle Monache Simona
Published: August 2023

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-specialized adult stem cells (ASCs), cells that reproduce to provide specific cytotypes [...]
Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Association on Post-Covid Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Capra Anna Paola , Ardizzone Alessio , Crupi Lelio , Calapai Fabrizio , Campolo Michela , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela
Published: August 2023

Post-Covid Olfactory Dysfunction (PCOD) is characterized by olfactory abnormalities, hyposmia, and anosmia, which are among the most often enduring symptoms in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This disorder has been reported to persist in subsets of patients well after 12 months following infection, significantly affecting their quality of life. Despite the high prevalence of PCOD among patients who suffered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, specific therapeutic strategies are still limited. Among these, emerging evidence seems to indicate the administration of CoUltraPEALut, a combination of micronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide, and Luteolin, a natural antioxidant flavonoid, as a viable therapy, especially when given as an adjuvant to olfactory training. Based on the above, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature were conducted, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of CoUltraPEALut as an addition to olfactory training (OT), in treating PCOD symptoms. Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase (OVID), and Web of Science scientific databases were screened from the inception until 31 May 2023, and a total of 407 articles were recovered; only five of these studies (441 total patients between treated and control groups) were included in the systematic review. CoUltraPEALut demonstrated significant efficacy in the overall recovery of the olfactory function, compared to the conventional therapy, suggesting that it could represent a possible future adjuvant treatment for PCOD.
Criteria and Non-Criteria Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: How Strong Are They Correlated?
Authors: Caraiola Simona , Voicu Laura , Jurcut Ciprian , Dima Alina , Baicus Cristian , Baicus Anda , Cobilinschi Claudia Oana , Ionescu Razvan Adrian
Published: August 2023

The place of non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is still debatable. The aim of this research was to evaluate the correlations between the titres of non-criteria aPLs (anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS), and anti-prothrombin (aPT) antibodies), and the ones of the already studied criteria aPLs (anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I-aβ2GPI antibodies). Altogether, 72 APS (30 primary and 42 secondary) patients were included in our study. High correlation coefficients (rs) were found between aPS IgM and aCL IgM, overall (0.77, p < 0.01), as well as in the primary (0.81, p < 0.01), and secondary (0.75, p < 0.01) APS subgroups. Low or statistically insignificant correlations were observed between IgG/IgM isotypes of aPT and aCL, or aβ2GPI, in the entire study population, and when evaluating the subgroups. Therefore, moderate correlations were mainly identified between the tested non-criteria antibodies and the criteria ones, suggesting little added value for the use of the tested non-criteria aPLs, with the exception of aPT, which seems to have different kinetics and might be a promising APS diagnostic tool.
Recent Advances in Quantum Dot-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays for the Rapid, Point-of-Care Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Kalashgrani Masoomeh Yari , Gholami Ahmad , Omidifar Navid , Binazadeh Mojtaba , Chiang Wei-Hung
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred demand for efficient and rapid diagnostic tools that can be deployed at point of care to quickly identify infected individuals. Existing detection methods are time consuming and they lack sensitivity. Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its user-friendliness, rapidity, and high specificity and sensitivity. Such tests can be conveniently conducted at the patient’s bedside. Immunodiagnostic methods that offer the rapid identification of positive cases are urgently required. Quantum dots (QDs), known for their multimodal properties, have shown potential in terms of combating or inhibiting the COVID-19 virus. When coupled with specific antibodies, QDs enable the highly sensitive detection of viral antigens in patient samples. Conventional lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) have been widely used for diagnostic testing due to their simplicity, low cost, and portability. However, they often lack the sensitivity required to accurately detect low viral loads. Quantum dot (QD)-based lateral flow immunoassays have emerged as a promising alternative, offering significant advancements in sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) method, which fulfils POCT standards, has gained popularity in diagnosing COVID-19. This review focuses on recent advancements in QD-based LFIA for rapid POCT COVID-19 diagnosis. Strategies to enhance sensitivity using QDs are explored, and the underlying principles of LFIA are elucidated. The benefits of using the QD-based LFIA as a POCT method are highlighted, and its published performance in COVID-19 diagnostics is examined. Overall, the integration of quantum dots with LFIA holds immense promise in terms of revolutionizing COVID-19 detection, treatment, and prevention, offering a convenient and effective approach to combat the pandemic.
Did Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Symptoms Predict Stress- and Trauma-Related Symptoms in the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from a Two-Wave Study on a Sample of Polish Internet Users
Authors: Dragan Małgorzata , Grajewski Piotr
Published: August 2023

Background: According to metacognitive theory, Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS) is a transdiagnostic factor and a main mechanism of psychopathology maintenance. The main goal of this study is to examine whether CAS predicted stress- and trauma-related symptomatology in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and three months later. Methods: Initially, 1792 participants were recruited online via social media; the data were collected at two time points. The measures included the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Questionnaire, the Adjustment Disorder—New Module 20, the International Trauma Questionnaire, and additional measures. Results: Structural equation modeling was conducted in order to determine the relations between the reported stressors, CAS, and symptomatology. At both time points, CAS was a significant mediator between the stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder. Despite the decrease in the intensity of adjustment disorder symptoms between waves, it was a significant predictor of other psychopathologies at both time points, except for traumatic stress. Conclusions: The findings confirm the assumption that CAS is a transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology and has a mediating role in the relationship between stressors and adjustment disorder and co-occurring symptomatology. The effect was particularly significant in the initial phase of the pandemic, which was highly stressful for many people.
The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment on Social Preferences: Evidence from the Global Preference Survey
Authors: Li Haoyang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Jin Shan , Sun Yuanchi , Ma Ding , Wang Cong
Published: August 2023

The effect of social preferences, such as altruism and trust, on economic development is widely recognized. However, the reciprocal impact, i.e., how individuals experience the economic environment and how this shapes their social preferences, has remained largely under-explored. This study sheds light on this reciprocal effect, revealing an intriguing macroeconomic impact on individuals’ social preferences. By harnessing the Global Preference Survey data and a non-linear regression model, our findings highlight an interesting trend: there is a discernible decrease in individuals’ social preference as they experience enhanced economic conditions, and this effect is more pronounced for males. This crucial revelation underscores the importance for researchers and policymakers to take into account the prospective attenuation of social preferences in the pursuit of economic well-being.
Cyberloafing: Exploring the Role of Psychological Wellbeing and Social Media Learning
Authors: Krishna Shwetha M. , Agrawal Somya
Published: August 2023

Due to the advances in internet communications technology (ICT), the use of digital devices, such as laptops, tablets, or smartphones, in the educational setting has become very common among young people. A considerable body of research has shown that there are adverse effects of in-class internet usage, termed “cyberloafing” on students’ academic performance, making it a rising concern for scholars. Within this context, the present study examines cyberloafing as a multidimensional construct and studies the mediating effects of psychological wellbeing and social media learning between cyberloafing behaviour and cyberloafing activities of students. Using an online survey, data was collected from 240 undergraduate and graduate students at a private university in India. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling and mediation analysis. The results indicate that cyberloafing behaviour negatively influences student’s psychological wellbeing, whereas psychological wellbeing is positively related to cyberloafing activities. It was also found that, on one hand, cyberloafing behaviour negatively influences social media learning, whereas social media learning did not have any effect on cyberloafing activities in students. This study highlights that it is crucial for educators and course instructors to incorporate appropriate practices and interventions to manage the misuse of the internet through cyberloafing in classrooms.
Impact of LEAP and CBT-AN Therapy on Improving Outcomes in Women with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Mohsin Mohammed , Liu Liquan , Touyz Stephen , Meyer Caroline , Arcelus Jon , Madden Sloane , Attia Evelyn , Pike Kathleen M. , Conti Janet
Published: August 2023

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental health disorder that has serious physical, emotional and social consequences. Whilst cognitive behavioural therapy for AN (CBT-AN) has demonstrated efficacy, there remains a global need to improve AN treatment. Compulsive exercise activity therapy (LEAP) is an active therapy consisting of the addition to CBT-AN of eight specific sessions that focus on exercise and motivation for behavioural change. This paper presents a secondary analysis of 74 female participants in a randomised control trial of LEAP plus CBT-AN versus CBT-AN alone. The main aim of this study was to explore putative predictors and to estimate the magnitude of changes due to LEAP for specific outcome measures. Participants (LEAP: n = 36; CBT-AN: n = 38) were assessed at three successive surveys: baseline, end of therapy, and 6 months post-therapy. The overall effect sizes for changes between baseline to end of therapy and baseline to 6-month follow-up assessment showed large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > = 0.80) for mental-health-related quality of life (MHRQoL), weight concern, dietary restraint, eating concern, AN stage change, and psychological distress (all p < 0.05). The results also indicated that several pre-treatment characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), level of eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and MHRQoL are important for identifying whether a treatment is likely to be effective. Future treatment programs should aim to optimise early improvements in BMI, ED symptoms, and MHRQoL.
Life Cycle Cost Method for Safe and Effective Infrastructure Asset Management
Authors: Oh WonJoon , Cho ChoongYeun , Lee MinJae
Published: August 2023

Existing maintenance management systems implement periodic inspections and diagnoses and perform maintenance to restore damaged facilities, making it difficult to establish a long-term and analytical budget plan. The Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management necessitates specific implementation plans for new implementation items. This study proposes a detailed method for estimating infrastructure management cost to overcome the limitations of the post-response maintenance system and establish a management plan for the Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management, considering the performance and cost effects in terms of the life cycle. The method was classified into the following stages: analysis of the performance degradation timing by deriving the performance degradation curve, analysis of proper construction methods by performance grade to establish a cost model for each member grade, representative life assessment of the establishment to determine the end-of-life of members, and analysis of optimal action timing for establishing short/mid- to long-term repair and reinforcement plans. The proposed method was applied to a water reservoir (99 reservoirs in Seoul, Korea). The performance degradation and cost prediction models for the target establishment were analyzed. The proposed method can be applied to the maintenance decision making of the management agency and is significant for efficient infrastructure maintenance.
Analysis of Passive Strategies in Traditional Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Moscoso-García Pedro , Quesada-Molina Felipe
Published: August 2023

Vernacular architecture constitutes a rich source of information and ancestral knowledge and could become a key resource for sustainable development. Its passive design strategies effectively respond to local climatic and weather conditions, using locally sourced materials for the construction of its supporting structures and enveloping elements, as well as spatial organization and the incorporation of a buffer area (courtyard) that optimize the use of renewable resources. This qualitative study analyzes a traditional housing typology with a central courtyard located in the Historic Center of Azogues, Ecuador. In situ monitoring was conducted to evaluate the case study’s interior thermal comfort in different building spaces. Using the open-source software Open Studio and EnergyPlus, a simulation model was built to assess the annual thermal performance of the house. Field records were used to verify the effectiveness of the strategies that responded to the location’s climatic conditions. The analysis of the passive strategies used in the selected house included natural ventilation, solar protection, and thermal insulation, which depended on various aspects of the building, such as its location, the internal space’s arrangement, and the design of openings (doors and windows), among others. The thermal simulations revealed that the traditional house located in the Historic Center of Azogues was well adapted to the local climate, although the interior thermal comfort was not entirely satisfactory.
Mechanical Performance and Reliability Analysis of “Structure-Insulation” Integrated Wall Panel under Grain Load
Authors: Chen Kewei , Song Zhanjiong , Ding Yonggang , Wang Haoran
Published: August 2023

As a new type of grain barn wall component, the “Structure-Insulation” integrated wall panel (SIW) has excellent characteristics such as a high-bearing capacity and good insulation performance. In order to study its mechanical properties under grain load, this paper designed three wall panels with different thicknesses, carried out static loading tests on them, studied their cracking and ultimate load, and analyzed the development trend of the wall panel’s crack and deflection. In order to study the reliability of wall panels under stochastic conditions, the performance functions of the wall panel under deflection and strength control conditions were established. The reliability analysis was carried out by using the response surface method and finite element software. The sensitivity degree of each random parameter to different performance functions was quantified. The results show that, under the maximum grain load condition, the deflection of the designed specimens is less than l0/250, and the crack width is less than 0.2 mm, both of which meet the requirements of the normal use limit state. The cracking loads of the three specimens are 13.02, 14.75, and 16.49 kN/m2, respectively, with corresponding crack widths of 0.06, 0.07, and 0.06 mm. The ultimate load is 65.1, 75.52, and 82.47 kN/m2, with corresponding maximum crack widths of 1.66, 1.60, and 1.61 mm, respectively. The reliability indexes of the deflection and strength of the thinnest specimens are β1=2.60 and β2=3.26, respectively, which meet the safety conditions of ductile failure. The parameter affecting the reliability of concrete deflection is the grain gravity density, with a correlation coefficient of −0.707. The parameter affecting the reliability of concrete strength is concrete strength, with a correlation coefficient of 0.935. Combined with the static load test and reliability analysis, the designed wall panel can meet the normal use of grain under full load and has good reliability. Sensitivity analysis can provide a reference for the optimization of practical engineering design.
Cellular Adaptation Takes Advantage of Atavistic Regression Programs during Carcinogenesis
Authors: Gnocchi Davide , Nikolic Dragana , Paparella Rosa Rita , Sabbà Carlo , Mazzocca Antonio
Published: August 2023

Adaptation of cancer cells to extreme microenvironmental conditions (i.e., hypoxia, high acidity, and reduced nutrient availability) contributes to cancer resilience. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation can be envisioned as an extreme adaptive response to tissue damage or chronic injury. The recent Systemic–Evolutionary Theory of the Origin of Cancer (SETOC) hypothesizes that cancer cells “revert” to “primitive” characteristics either ontogenically (embryo-like) or phylogenetically (single-celled organisms). This regression may confer robustness and maintain the disordered state of the tissue, which is a hallmark of malignancy. Changes in cancer cell metabolism during adaptation may also be the consequence of altered microenvironmental conditions, often resulting in a shift toward lactic acid fermentation. However, the mechanisms underlying the robust adaptive capacity of cancer cells remain largely unknown. In recent years, cancer cells’ metabolic flexibility has received increasing attention among researchers. Here, we focus on how changes in the microenvironment can affect cancer cell energy production and drug sensitivity. Indeed, changes in the cellular microenvironment may lead to a “shift” toward “atavistic” biologic features, such as the switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to lactic acid fermentation, which can also sustain drug resistance. Finally, we point out new integrative metabolism-based pharmacological approaches and potential biomarkers for early detection.
MicroRNA-371a-3p—The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Nestler Tim , Schoch Justine , Belge Gazanfer , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a paradigm for the use of serum tumor markers in clinical management. However, conventional markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have quite limited sensitivities and specificities. Within the last decade, the microRNA-371a-3p (miR371) emerged as a possible new biomarker with promising features. Areas covered: This review covers the typical features as well as possible clinical applications of miR371 in TGCT patients, such as initial diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and follow-up. Additionally, technical issues are discussed. Expert opinion: With a sensitivity of around 90% and specificity >90%, miR371 clearly outperforms the classical serum tumor markers in TGCTs. The unique features of the test involve the potential of modifying recent standards of care in TGCT. In particular, miR371 is expected to aid clinical decision-making in scenarios such as discriminating small testicular TGCT masses from benign ones prior to surgery, assessing equivocal lymphadenopathies, and monitoring chemotherapy results. Likewise, it is expected to make follow-up easier by reducing the intensity of examinations and by sparing imaging procedures. Overall, the data presently available are promising, but further prospective studies are required before the test can be implemented in standard clinical care.
Evaluation of CIN2/3 Lesion Regression in GynTect® DNA Methylation-Marker-Negative Patients in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hoyer Heike , Stolte Claudia , Böhmer Gerd , Hampl Monika , Hagemann Ingke , Maier Elisabeth , Denecke Agnieszka , Hirchenhain Christine , Patzke Jan , Jentschke Matthias , Gerick Axel , Heller Tabitha , Hippe Juliane , Wunsch Kristina , Schmitz Martina , Dürst Matthias
Published: August 2023

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 has a high spontaneous regression rate, especially among women ≤29 years of age. To reduce overtreatment, reliable prognostic biomarkers would be helpful. The main aim of this study was to analyze the negative predictive value of the methylation marker panel GynTect® for lesion regression. In this prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational proof-of-concept study, women aged ≤29 years with histologically confirmed CIN2 (n = 24) or CIN3 (n = 36) were closely monitored without treatment for up to 24 or 12 months, respectively. The outcome was either regression, persistence, or progression of the lesion. For each patient, a single baseline sample (V0) for cytology, hrHPV detection and methylation analysis was taken. In a primary analysis, the negative predictive value (NPV) of a GynTect®-negative test result at V0 for regression was determined. We tested the null hypothesis NPV ≤ 70% against the alternative hypothesis NPV ≥ 90%. Twelve of the eighteen GynTect®-negative CIN2 patients showed regression (NPV = 67%, 90% CI 44–85%, p = 0.53). Of the 27 GynTect®-negative CIN3 lesions, 15 regressed (NPV = 56%, 90% CI 38–72%, p = 0.92). Although the majority of GynTect®-negative lesions regressed, the postulated NPV of ≥90% was not observed. Thus, the clinical relevance for an implementation of the GynTect® assay for patients undergoing watchful waiting remains questionable. Further studies with longer observation periods should be undertaken.
Methylated Circulating Tumor DNA in Blood as a Tool for Diagnosing Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Borg Morten , Wen Sara Witting Christensen , Andersen Rikke Fredslund , Timm Signe , Hansen Torben Frøstrup , Hilberg Ole
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current screening methods using computed tomography have limitations, prompting interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools such as methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles. The search string contained three main topics: Lung cancer, blood, and methylated ctDNA. The extraction of data and quality assessment were carried out independently by the reviewers. In total, 33 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The most frequently studied genes were SHOX2, RASSF1A, and APC. The sensitivity and specificity of methylated ctDNA varied across studies, with a summary sensitivity estimate of 46.9% and a summary specificity estimate of 92.9%. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.81. The included studies were generally of acceptable quality, although they lacked information in certain areas. The risk of publication bias was not significant. Based on the findings, methylated ctDNA in blood shows potential as a rule-in tool for lung cancer diagnosis but requires further research, possibly in combination with other biomarkers.
An Integrative Study on the Inhibition of Bone Loss via Osteo-F Based on Network Pharmacology, Experimental Verification, and Clinical Trials in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Kim Mi Hye , Bok Minkyung , Lim Hyunjung , Yang Woong Mo
Published: August 2023

The inhibition of bone loss remains a challenge for postmenopausal women, considering the fact that only three anabolic treatments for osteoporosis have been approved by the FDA. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic capacities of Osteo-F, a newly developed herbal formula, upon integrating network analysis and pre-clinical studies into clinical trials. The network pharmacology analysis showed that a potential mechanism of Osteo-F is closely related to osteoblast differentiation. Consistent with the predicted mechanism, Osteo-F treatment significantly enhanced bone matrix formation and mineralization with collagen expression in osteoblasts. Simultaneously, secreted bone-forming molecules were upregulated by Osteo-F. After the administration of Osteo-F to osteoporotic mice, the femoral BMD and osteocalcin in the serum and bone tissues were significantly improved. Subsequently, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that 253 mg of Osteo-F supplementation for 24 weeks resulted in significant improvements in the Z-score and serum osteocalcin levels of postmenopausal women compared to the placebo, thus indicating bone anabolic efficacy. In the current study, the bone anabolic effect of Osteo-F was determined by activating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts through integrating experiments based on network analysis into clinical trials, with synchronized, reliable evidence, demonstrating that Osteo-F is a novel bone anabolic treatment in postmenopausal women.
Influences of Psychomotor Behaviors on Learning Swimming Styles in 6–9-Year-Old Children
Authors: Petrea Renato-Gabriel , Moraru Cristina-Elena , Popovici Ileana-Monica , Știrbu Ilie-Cătălin , Radu Liliana-Elisabeta , Chirazi Marin , Rus Cristian-Mihail , Oprean Alexandru , Rusu Oana
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of some relationships between certain psychomotor behaviors, which we consider specific to swimming, and learning to execute the technique of some swimming styles (front crawl and backstroke). The study was carried out for 10 months and included 76 children (40 boys and 36 girls) aged between 6 and 9 years who practice recreational swimming in a city in Romania. Several tools were used: the Tapping test for manual dexterity, the Goodenough test for body schema, the Flamingo test for static balance, and the horizontal buoyancy test for body balance on the water. The results indicated better ratings on all psychomotor behaviors analyzed according to gender (in favor of girls compared to boys). The levels of all analyzed psychomotor behaviors have a direct relationship to the subjects’ age. Also, we identified moderate positive correlations for manual dexterity (rs = 0.63 in the front crawl style; rs = 0.57 in the backstroke style) and strong correlations for body schema, static balance and buoyancy, coordination with the learning of the two swimming styles (r or rs between 0.77 and 0.85). In conclusion, psychomotor behaviors can be predictors for learning swimming styles.
Possibilities of Duplex Plasma Electrolytic Treatment for Increasing the Hardness and Wear Resistance of a Commercially Pure Titanium Surface
Authors: Kusmanov Sergei , Mukhacheva Tatiana , Tambovskiy Ivan , Kusmanova Irina , Shadrin Sergei , Belov Roman , Nikiforov Roman , Suminov Igor , Karasev Mikhail , Grigoriev Sergey
Published: August 2023

The technology for duplex treatment of a commercially pure titanium surface is expected to increase hardness and wear resistance. This technology consists of sequential nitrocarburizing and polishing of the product in plasma electrolysis. The mechanism of duplex processing is revealed; it consists of strengthening the surface layers under diffusion saturation and controlled formation of the surface relief. The possibility of controlling the characteristics of the modified surface by combining various plasma technologies is shown. The morphological features of the surface and the surface layer after treatment were studied. The microhardness of the modified layer and the tribological properties of the surface were measured. It has been established that the samples with the highest surface layer hardness and a small thickness of the oxide layer on the surface have the highest wear resistance. After nitrocarburizing at 750 °C for 5 min, wear resistance increases by 4.3 times compared to pure material. If subsequent polishing is carried out at a voltage of 275–300 V for 3–5 min in chloride and fluoride electrolytes and 5–10 min in a sulfate electrolyte, then wear resistance can be further increased. This is achieved by removing the porous outer oxide layer.
Investigation of the Structure and Properties of Molybdenum Coatings Produced by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana , Volosova Marina , Skorobogatov Andrey , Fedorov Sergey Voldemarovich , Podrabinnik Pavel , Kholopov Andrey , Grigoriev Sergey N.
Published: August 2023

The paper considers the possibility of replacing the process of conventional vacuum brazing of a molybdenum plate on carbon steel using copper brazing with the process of laser-directed energy deposition of domestically produced molybdenum powder. The research task is motivated by the demand for removing low-melting copper brazing from molybdenum coatings on carbon steel. The parameters for the process of manufacturing molybdenum coatings using the additive technology of laser-directed energy deposition (LDED), which provides the required operational properties without further processing, have been developed. A study of the microstructure of the coating was carried out, including an examination of the distribution of the main elements over the depth of the coating. We established the preferred parameters of laser-directed energy deposition, which provide a high-quality deposited layer of Mo on the 25L carbon steel. The wear resistance of the coatings was examined following the «ball-on-disc» scheme according to the ASTM G99 standard. The results show that wear rate of the brazed Mo plate is higher than that of the deposited Mo layer on the 25L carbon steel substrate.
In Situ Decorated Palladium Nanoparticles on Chitosan Beads as a Catalyst for Coupling Reactions
Authors: Oudghiri Khaoula , Bahsis Lahoucine , Eddarir Said , Anane Hafid , Taourirte Moha
Published: August 2023

A green protocol for the in situ synthesis of Pd nanoparticles on chitosan beads (Pd NPs-CS) is reported without the need to use any toxic reducing agents. The preparation of the Pd nanoparticles catalyst was performed using a simple coordination reaction between the prepared chitosan beads and palladium ions (Pd NPs-CS). The obtained catalyst was characterized by different techniques, including SEM, EDX, DRX, and FTIR analyses. The Pd NPs-CS catalyst was investigated in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and Heck reaction under greener conditions, and the results show high catalytic activity and selectivity. The bead form of the Pd NPs-CS catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture to obtain the desired products, as confirmed by spectroscopic methods. This sustainable catalyst has the advantages of having sustainable organic reactions such as biopolymer support and recovery without significant loss of catalytic activity or selectivity.
Joining Federated Learning to Blockchain for Digital Forensics in IoT
Authors: Almutairi Wejdan , Moulahi Tarek
Published: August 2023

In present times, the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming the new era in technology by including smart devices in every aspect of our lives. Smart devices in IoT environments are increasing and storing large amounts of sensitive data, which attracts a lot of cybersecurity threats. With these attacks, digital forensics is needed to conduct investigations to identify when and where the attacks happened and acquire information to identify the persons responsible for the attacks. However, digital forensics in an IoT environment is a challenging area of research due to the multiple locations that contain data, traceability of the collected evidence, ensuring integrity, difficulty accessing data from multiple sources, and transparency in the process of collecting evidence. For this reason, we proposed combining two promising technologies to provide a sufficient solution. We used federated learning to train models locally based on data stored on the IoT devices using a dataset designed to represent attacks on the IoT environment. Afterward, we performed aggregation via blockchain by collecting the parameters from the IoT gateway to make the blockchain lightweight. The results of our framework are promising in terms of consumed gas in the blockchain and an accuracy of over 98% using MLP in the federated learning phase.
Olea europea and By-Products: Extraction Methods and Cosmetic Applications
Authors: Dauber Cecilia , Parente Emma , Zucca María , Gámbaro Adriana , Vieitez Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Currently, in addition to the use of olive oil in cosmetics, the use of olive-derived bioactives and their incorporation into cosmetics is a growing trend. The olive oil industry produces vast quantities of by-products, such as olive mill wastewater, olive pomace and leaves from which new ingredients may be obtained for cosmetic use. In this way, by-products are revalorized, which contributes to the implementation of a sustainable economy or upcycling. This review intends to provide a detailed overview of the different extraction techniques reported in order to obtain the bioactive compounds of cosmetic value that can be found in olive by-products: fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols, phytosterols and squalene. Different extraction techniques are presented, including some traditional techniques (solid–liquid extraction) and more novel or “greener” ones: ultrasound, microwave, supercritical extraction, pressurized fluids and deep eutectic solvents. Additionally, different applications of olive by-products in skin care products are explored: emollient, antioxidant, anti-age, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial, and the perspective of consumers is also considered since they increasingly demand products formulated with natural ingredients.