bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transudative chylothorax and frailty: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Robinson Liz , Ooi Sze , Prudon Ben
Published: May 2023

Transudative chylothoraces are a rare entity and their management in the presence of multiorgan dysfunction and frailty is complex. A woman in her 90s was investigated during acute hospital admission and found unexpectedly to have a transudative chylothorax secondary to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Not all chylothoraces have the classically described milky appearances and a high index of suspicion is vital in determining appropriate investigation and management. Our patient required repeated thoracocentesis and subsequently chose to be discharged from hospital with comfort care. Management of non-malignant pleural effusions can be challenging. Case reports surrounding the management of transudative chylothoraces in particular are scarce. Establishing patient priorities and openly explaining the uncertainty regarding prognosis and potential therapeutic options is paramount in this complex and changing field.
Metastatic signet-ring carcinoma to the uterus presenting as an endometrial polyp
Authors: Amin Ramzi , Wu Carly Yanlin , Lee Jill Cheng Sim , Ananta Mihir Gudi
Published: May 2023

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the uterus is rare and requires exclusion of possible metastatic tumour to the uterus. We report a case of a woman in her 70s who underwent hysteroscopy and a polypectomy for a polyp arising from the uterine wall. On histological examination, malignant cells with signet-ring cell morphology were found within the fragments of endometrial tissue. Immunohistochemical studies indicated a metastatic adenocarcinoma possibly from the gastrointestinal tract. Additional radiological investigations revealed a possible primary gastric tumour, which was further confirmed on subsequent biopsies. This case illustrates that gastric carcinomas can rarely metastasise to the endometrium and highlights the importance of clinical correlation in arriving at the final diagnosis.
Multimodal prehabilitation service for patients with colorectal cancer: the challenges of implementation
Authors: Boyle Henry , Fullbrook Aidan , Wills Alasdair , Veal Isla , Peat Nicola , Al-Noor Zainab , Bradshaw Rebecca , Raga Arlene , Hegarty Aoife , Hainsworth Alison , Ilyas Minahi , Banugo Pele , Bidd Heena
Published: May 2023

Prehabilitation has been shown to improve outcomes for patients undergoing major surgery; benefits include reductions in length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. Multimodal prehabilitation programmes lead to improved patient engagement and experience. This report describes implementation of a personalised multimodal prehabilitation programme for patients awaiting colorectal cancer surgery. We aim to highlight the successes, challenges and future direction of our programme.

Patients listed for colorectal cancer surgery were referred for initial prehabilitation assessment. The prehabilitation group were assessed by specialist physiotherapists, dieticians and psychologists. An individualised programme was developed for each patient, aiming to optimise preoperative functional capacity and enhance physical and psychological resilience. Clinical primary outcome measures were recorded and compared with contemporaneous controls. For those undergoing prehabilitation, a set of secondary functional, nutritional and psychological outcomes were recorded at initial assessment and on completion of the programme.

61 patients were enrolled in the programme from December 2021 to October 2022. 12 patients were excluded as they received less than 14 days prehabilitation or had incomplete data. The remaining 49 patients received a median duration of 24 days prehabilitation (range 15–91 days). The results show statistically significant improvements in the following functional outcome measures after prehabilitation: Rockwood scores, maximal inspiratory pressures, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Score and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness - Fatigue Score. There was a lower postoperative complication rate in the prehabilitation group when compared with a control group (50% vs 67%).

This quality improvement project has 3 Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles. PDSA 1 demonstrates prehabilitation can be successfully imbedded within a colorectal surgical unit and that patients are grateful for the service. PDSA 2 provides the project’s first complete data set and demonstrates functional improvements in patients undergoing prehabilitation. The third PDSA cycle is ongoing and aims to refine the prehabilitation interventions and improve clinical outcomes for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
Factors predictingBRCA1/2pathogenic variants in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Innella Giovanni , Godino Lea , Erini Giulia , De Leo Antonio , Santini Donatella , Perrone Anna Myriam , De Iaco Pierandrea , Zamagni Claudio , Turchetti Daniela
Published: May 2023

Aim

To provide accurate figures of the frequency of specific clinical features in ovarian cancer (OC) associated with germlineBRCA1/2pathogenic variants and to define their relevance in predicting the presence of a germline pathogenic variant in these genes.

Methods

A systematic review of papers published from 1995 to February 2022 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data from eligible papers were synthesised through meta-analysis.

Results

Thirty-seven papers were reviewed, including a total of 12 886 patients with OC. AmongBRCAcarriers, 86.4% displayed serous type, 83.3% high grade (G3), 83.7% FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage III/IV, 39.7% age at diagnosis ≤50 years and 18.1% personal breast cancer history, while the frequency of these features in non-carriers resulted significantly lower (p<0.001). The meta-analysis showed that the strongest predictor ofBRCA1/2pathogenic variants was a personal breast cancer history (OR 5.21, 95% CI 4.02 to 6.55, compared with no previous breast cancer), followed by high grade (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.10, compared with low/intermediate grade), serous histotype (OR 2.33, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.64, compared with other histotypes), advanced (III/IV) FIGO stage (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.15, compared with stage I/II) and age at diagnosis ≤50 years (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.42, compared with >50 years).

Conclusion

The results of this meta-analysis provide data on features increasing the prior probability of findingBRCA1/2pathogenic variants that may prove helpful in counselling patients and prioritising testing.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021271815.
HER2/ERBB2 overexpression in advanced gallbladder carcinoma: comprehensive evaluation by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation on fine-needle aspiration cytology samples
Authors: Verma Pragya , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Gupta Pankaj , Dutta Usha , Sharma Shelly , Uppal Radha , Nada Ritambhra , Lal Anupam
Published: May 2023

Aims

Advanced gallbladder carcinoma (AGBC) carries a poor prognosis with dismal survival. There are no data regarding HER2/ERBB2 expression in AGBC. This study evaluated the overexpression of HER2/ERBB2 in cytological aspirates from AGBCs to identify potential patients for whom anti-HER2 targeted therapies can benefit.

Methods

This prospective, case–control study was performed on 50 primary AGBC cases. A detailed cytomorphological assessment, followed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) for HER2/ERBB2, was performed on AGBC cell blocks. A similar number of age-matched and gender-matched resected chronic cholecystitis specimens were included as controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed in equivocal cases.

Results

A total of 10 (20%) cases showed positive (3+), 19 (38%) equivocal (2+) expression and 21 (42%) were negative on HER2/ERBB2 ICC. None of the equivocal cases demonstrated HER2 amplification by FISH. Among the controls, none showed positive (3+) immunoexpression, 23 (46%) demonstrated equivocal expression and 27 (54%) were negative. On statistical analysis, HER2/ERBB2 overexpression was significantly associated with AGBC compared with the controls. Of all the clinical, radiological and cytomorphological parameters, the predominant papillary or acinar arrangements of the tumour cells were significantly associated with HER2/ERBB2 overexpression.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate the expression of HER2/ERBB2 on cytological aspirates in AGBC using ICC and FISH. HER2/ERBB2 overexpression(20%) was significantly associated with AGBC. Furthermore, predominant papillary or acinar arrangements of tumour cells in the cytological smears were significantly associated with HER2/ERBB2 overexpression. They can serve as potential predictors of HER2/ERBB2 overexpression to select AGBC patients for anti-HER2 targeted therapies.
Emerging organoid-immune co-culture models for cancer research: from oncoimmunology to personalized immunotherapies
Authors: Magré Luc , Verstegen Monique M A , Buschow Sonja , van der Laan Luc J W , Peppelenbosch Maikel , Desai Jyaysi
Published: May 2023

In the past decade, treatments targeting the immune system have revolutionized the cancer treatment field. Therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as first-line treatment in a variety of solid tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer while other therapies, for instance, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) lymphocyte transfer therapies, are still in development. Although promising results are obtained in a small subset of patients, overall clinical efficacy of most immunotherapeutics is limited due to intertumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Therefore, prediction of patient-specific responses would be of great value for efficient use of costly immunotherapeutic drugs as well as better outcomes. Because many immunotherapeutics operate by enhancing the interaction and/or recognition of malignant target cells by T cells, in vitro cultures using the combination of these cells derived from the same patient hold great promise to predict drug efficacy in a personalized fashion. The use of two-dimensional cancer cell lines for such cultures is unreliable due to altered phenotypical behavior of cells when compared with the in vivo situation. Three-dimensional tumor-derived organoids, better mimic in vivo tissue and are deemed a more realistic approach to study the complex tumor–immune interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the development of patient-specific tumor organoid-immune co-culture models to study the tumor-specific immune interactions and their possible therapeutic infringement. We also discuss applications of these models which advance personalized therapy efficacy and understanding the tumor microenvironment such as: (1) Screening for efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition and CAR therapy screening in a personalized manner. (2) Generation of tumor reactive lymphocytes for adoptive cell transfer therapies. (3) Studying tumor–immune interactions to detect cell-specific roles in tumor progression and remission. Overall, these onco-immune co-cultures might hold a promising future toward developing patient-specific therapeutic approaches as well as increase our understanding of tumor–immune interactions.
Dietary thiaminase impairs cardiac function and increases heart size in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792))
Authors: Baker Peter M. , Therrien Christian A. , Muir Carlie A. , Garner Shawn R. , Neff Bryan D.
Published: May 2023

The consumption of invasive, high-thiaminase prey fishes can cause thiamine deficiency, which has been hypothesized to be a major barrier for lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) restoration in the Great Lakes. In fishes, an understudied aspect of thiamine deficiency is its effect on cardiac function, despite evidence of this effect in mammals. Here, parr of two strains of lake trout (Seneca and Slate) were raised on either a control or high-thiaminase diet for nine months. We then measured cardiac function and morphology, particularly as it relates to the ability of the heart to meet oxygen demands at warmer water temperatures. The thiaminase diet was associated with significant heart enlargement and reduced cardiac performance at high temperatures. These effects were observed in both strains but were more pronounced in Slate strain fish. Our data suggest that dietary thiaminase impairs cardiac function in fishes and that these impairments may become increasingly important as water temperatures increase through climate change.
k-Planar Placement and Packing of Δ-Regular Caterpillars
Authors: Binucci Carla , Di Giacomo Emilio , Kaufmann Michael , Liotta Giuseppe , Tappini Alessandra
Published: May 2023

This paper studies a packing problem in the so-called beyond-planar setting, that is when the host graph is “almost-planar” in some sense. Precisely, we consider the case that the host graph is [Formula: see text]-planar, i.e., it admits an embedding with at most [Formula: see text] crossings per edge, and focus on families of [Formula: see text]-regular caterpillars, that are caterpillars whose non-leaf vertices have the same degree [Formula: see text]. We study the dependency of [Formula: see text] from the number [Formula: see text] of caterpillars that are packed, both in the case that these caterpillars are all isomorphic to one another (in which case the packing is called placement) and when they are not. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the placement of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-regular caterpillars and sufficient conditions for the packing of a set of [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-regular caterpillars such that the degree [Formula: see text] and the degree [Formula: see text] of the non-leaf vertices can differ from one caterpillar to another, for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].
Hawking radiation of rotating BTZ black hole based on modified dispersion relation and Rarita–Schwinger equation
Authors: Gayatri Devi Sapam , Ablu Meitei I. , Ibungochouba Singh T. , Keshwarjit Singh Aheibam , Yugindro Singh K.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, tunneling of fermions from rotating BTZ black hole is investigated using modified dispersion relation (MDR) and Rarita–Schwinger equation. The effect of MDR on the tunneling of fermions raises the Hawking temperature of rotating BTZ black hole. It is observed that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole depends not only on the radial parameters of the black hole but also on the angular parameters of the black hole and the coupling constant [Formula: see text]. Further, the entropy and the heat capacity of the black hole are also studied.
Multiphonon structure of high-spin states in 40Ca, 90Zr and 208Pb
Authors: Lyutorovich N. , Tselyaev V.
Published: May 2023

The method of description of the high-spin states, which was previously developed and applied for the states of this type in [Formula: see text]Pb, is generalized for the case of the states having more complex multiphonon structure. In this method, the harmonic approximation with the renormalized phonons is used in which the phonons themselves are determined within the nonlinear version of the model based on the random-phase approximation (RPA) and including both the RPA correlations and the beyond-RPA ones. The mean field and the residual interaction are derived within the framework of the self-consistent RPA from the energy-density functional of the Skyrme type. The method is applied for the analysis of the available experimental data in doubly magic [Formula: see text]Pb and [Formula: see text]Ca and in semi-magic [Formula: see text]Zr.
Intelligent Surface Cracks Detection in Bridges Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Luo Zhipeng , Ji Jinghao , Sun Yimin , Tang Haihao , Li Yongle
Published: May 2023

Cracking is one of the most common bridge diseases. If bridge cracks are not repaired: in time, they may cause gradual changes to the concrete structure, which can seriously affect its strength. A network called YOLOv5-TS is what we suggest to detect intelligently bridge surface cracks in images. To improve the network performance, we integrate SPPCSPC into the original YOLOv5 network to ensure adaptive image output and obtain receptive fields of various sizes. Meanwhile, transposed convolution is incorporated to improve the capacity of the network for learning weights on its own and reduce characteristic information loss. In response to the diverse morphology of bridge cracks, cracks are identified according to their mechanical causes crack inclination, and divided into four categories: horizontal cracks (0[Formula: see text]–20[Formula: see text]), low-angle cracks (20[Formula: see text]–45[Formula: see text]), vertical cracks (70[Formula: see text]–90[Formula: see text]) and high-angle cracks (45[Formula: see text]–70[Formula: see text]). Experiments on the ZJU SYG crack data set confirm that the proposed YOLOv5-TS has a better crack intelligent identification effect on bridge surface images than other compared baselines. The best performance of YOLOv5-TS is found in mAP@0.5 (0.752), mAP@0.5:0.95 (0.518), and recall (0.794), thus demonstrating the model’s practical value.
Vibration Reduction Performance of a New Tuned Mass Damper with Pre-Strained Superelastic SMA Helical Springs
Authors: Lv Hongwang , Huang Bin
Published: May 2023

A novel nonlinear tuned mass damper (TMD) with pre-strained SMA helical springs, referred to as SMAS-TMD, is proposed to reduce the dynamic responses of a single floor frame. This proposed SMAS-TMD damper is mainly composed of a mass block and two pre-strained superelastic SMA helical springs. First, a new force–displacement model of the SMA springs is developed by considering a proposed two-dimensional constitutive model of the SMA material, which is confirmed by tension tests. Then a dynamic model of the single floor frame with the SMAS-TMD damper is built, and the parameter design method of the proposed damper is provided. The vibration reduction performance of the new damper is studied numerically and is testified by the experiments. Finally, the robustness of the SMAS-TMD damper against the variation of structural frequency is analyzed. The study results show that the simulated dynamic responses of the frame are in good agreement with those of the vibrating table tests. Because the pre-strained SMA springs can quickly enter into the energy dissipation phase, the proposed SMAS-TMD has better performance of vibration reduction than the TMD with no pre-strained SMA springs. And the proposed damper can effectively suppress the detuning phenomenon often appearing in the classic optimal TMD. Therefore, this new damper will be a competitive damper for reducing the structural vibration in the future.
An Improved COVID-19 Lung X-Ray Image Classification Algorithm Based on ConvNeXt Network
Authors: Liu Fuxiang , Zang Chen , Shi Junqi , He Weiyu , Liang Yupeng , Li Lei
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the new coronavirus that appeared in 2019, which has caused a large number of infected patients worldwide due to its high contagiousness, in order to detect the source of infection in time and cut off the chain of transmission, we developed a new Chest X-ray (CXR) image classification algorithm with high accuracy, simple operation and fast processing for COVID-19. The algorithm is based on ConvNeXt pure convolutional neural network, we adjusted the network structure and loss function, added some new Data Augmentation methods and introduced attention mechanism. Compared with other classical convolutional neural network classification algorithms such as AlexNet, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, ConvNeXt-tiny, ConvNeXt-small and ConvNeXt-base, the improved algorithm has better performance on COVID dataset.
Calculate of Plasma Parameters Produce from Copper Target using Boltzmann-Plots Method
Authors: Abbas Huda H. , Mazhir Sabah N. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh.
Published: May 2023

This research shows the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of copper (Cu) plasma. Copper plasma was induced using a Q-switched Nd: YAG pulsed laser with the following parameters: fundamental wavelength (1064[Formula: see text]nm), energy range (400–600) mJ, frequency (6) Hz and laser pulses (10–30 pulses). Many characteristics of plasma, such as electron temperature ([Formula: see text]), electron density ([Formula: see text]), Debye length ([Formula: see text]) and plasma frequency ([Formula: see text]), have been determined via spectroscopic examination. Electron temperature ([Formula: see text]) ranged from (1.47–1.759)[Formula: see text]eV, and electron number density ([Formula: see text]) ranged from (6.3–11.4) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm3. The picture of the site of laser bombardment of copper (Cu) metal displays three diameters or circles, each of which has a distinct hue. The laser’s interaction with the copper metal is seen via laser ablation, and the influence of the increasing energy of the laser is seen here during the spectroscopic diagnostic and the process of metal bombardment, leading to the formation of a crater.
The power-generalized k-Horadam sequences in different modules and a new cryptographic method with these sequences
Authors: Çelemoğlu Çağla , Nallı Ayşe
Published: May 2023

In this study, unlike other power sequences, we define new ones in the integer and integer-valued polynomial module. We call these sequences the power-generalized [Formula: see text]-Horadam sequence in the integer module and the power-generalized [Formula: see text]-Horadam sequence in the integer-valued polynomial module. Using these sequences, we rebuild the ElGamal cryptosystem and then obtain a new cryptographic method by combining this and symmetric systems. We provide an encryption example where our method is applied. Finally, we see the advantages of the new cryptographic method when we compare the obtained new cryptographic method with some of the asymmetric cryptographic systems such as RSA and ElGamal. And we achieve that new cryptographic method that has more advantageous.
Biomechanical modeling and simulation of a human organ using an augmented reality technique during open surgery
Authors: Makhlouf Aicha Ben , Elloumi Nessrine , Louhichi Borhen , Jaidane Mehdi , Alrasheedi Nashmi Hassan , Sandougah Kholoud
Published: May 2023

Basically, augmented reality (AR) technology grants innovative ways so as to manipulate and visualize a three-dimensional (3D) model of an object through superimposing computer-generated images onto another object interactively. Being able to interact in real-time with digital and spatial information offers further chances in order to manipulate medical data efficiently and easily. In fact, surgeons encounter multiple challenges handling digital patient data during surgical interventions. Multiple techniques are invested in order to visualize the operative areas, as for example fluoroscopy and ultrasound methods. The latter display certain deficiencies. Therefore, the AR technique can stand for a good candidate in order to project a 3D model of a target organ into the surgeon’s perspective and view field so as to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the medical intervention intraoperatively. The basic target of this paper is to simulate a generated biomechanical model of the liver organ and visualize its deformations through the use of an AR headset during the open surgery. The proposed approach is validated by the use of acquired CT scans of a human liver organ.
The High Arctic Large Igneous Province: first seismic-stratigraphic evidence for multiple Mesozoic volcanic pulses on the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kristoffersen Yngve , Nilsen Espen Harris , Hall John Kendrick
Published: May 2023

We use seismic reflection data acquired by an over-winter expedition on drifting sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean to explore a possible spatial and temporal magmatic relation between the sub-bottom geology of part of the deep Arctic Ocean and the Mesozoic volcanic rocks found on the islands and the bordering continental shelf of Franz Josef Land and Svalbard. The new dataset from the North American segment (85–90°N) of the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean documents several Mesozoic volcanic pulses over a distance of
c.
600 km along the ridge. This volcanism borders a domain of high magnetic field intensity over the adjacent Alpha Ridge in the deep basin where the magnetic source rocks and recent seismic reflection data indicate extensive Mesozoic magmatism. We suggest that the Mesozoic volcanism on the Lomonosov Ridge in its palaeo-position at the former continental margin north of Franz Josef Land and Svalbard spatially links the Mesozoic magmatic pulses of the continental High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) of polar Europe to volcanism on the adjacent Alpha Ridge in the deep Arctic Ocean. Increased input of heat to the upper crust on the Lomonosov Ridge enhanced maturation of hydrocarbon source rocks as manifested by the presence of gas or fluid escape pipes restricted to the area of volcanism.
An Information Theory Based Method for Quantifying the Predictability of Human Mobility
Authors: Yu Zhiwen , Dang Minling , Wu Qilong , Chen Liming , Xie Yujin , Wang Yu , Guo Bin
Published: May 2023

Research on human mobility drives the development of economy and society. How to predict when and where one will go accurately is one of the core research questions. Existing work is mainly concerned with performance of mobility prediction models. Since accuracy of predict models does not indicate whether or not one’s mobility is inherently easy to predict, there has not been a definite conclusion about that to what extent can our predictions of human mobility be accurate. To help solve this problem, we describe the formalized definition of predictability of human mobility, propose a model based on additive Markov chain to measure the probability of exploration, and further develop an information theory based method for quantifying the predictability considering exploration of human mobility. Then, we extend our method by using mutual information in order to measure the predictability considering external influencing factors, which has not been studied before. Experiments on simulation data and three real-world datasets show that our method yields a tighter upper bound on predictability of human mobility than previous work, and that predictability increased slightly when considering external factors such as weather and temperature.
China's Financial System and Economy: A Review
Authors: He Zhiguo , Wei Wei
Published: May 2023

China's financial system has been integral to its spectacular economic growth over the past 40 years. We review the recent literature on China's financial system and its connections to the Chinese economy based on the categories of Aggregate Financing to the Real Economy (AFRE), a broad measure of the nation's yearly flow of liquidity accounting for unique features of China's financial system. While early work on China's financial system emphasizes the state-owned enterprise reform, the recent literature explores other more market-based financing channels—including shadow banking—that grew rapidly after 2010 and have become important components of AFRE. These new financing channels not only are intertwined with each other, but also, and more importantly, are often ultimately tied back to the dominant banking sector in China. Understanding the mechanisms behind these channels and their intrinsic connections is crucial to alleviate capital allocation distortion and mitigate potential systemic financial risk in China.
A Journey from Blood Cells to Genes and Back
Authors: Luzzatto Lucio
Published: May 2023

I was attracted to hematology because by combining clinical findings with the use of a microscope and simple laboratory tests, one could often make a diagnosis. I was attracted to genetics when I learned about inherited blood disorders, at a time when we had only hints that somatic mutations were also important. It seemed clear that if we understood not only what genetic changes caused what diseases but also the mechanisms through which those genetic changes contribute to cause disease, we could improve management. Thus, I investigated many aspects of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system, including cloning of the gene, and in the study of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), I found that it is a clonal disorder; subsequently, we were able to explain how a nonmalignant clone can expand, and I was involved in the first trial of PNH treatment by complement inhibition. I was fortunate to do clinical and research hematology in five countries; in all of them, I learned from mentors, from colleagues, and from patients.
Methods for Assessing Population Relationships and History Using Genomic Data
Authors: Moorjani Priya , Hellenthal Garrett
Published: May 2023

Genetic data contain a record of our evolutionary history. The availability of large-scale datasets of human populations from various geographic areas and timescales, coupled with advances in the computational methods to analyze these data, has transformed our ability to use genetic data to learn about our evolutionary past. Here, we review some of the widely used statistical methods to explore and characterize population relationships and history using genomic data. We describe the intuition behind commonly used approaches, their interpretation, and important limitations. For illustration, we apply some of these techniques to genome-wide autosomal data from 929 individuals representing 53 worldwide populations that are part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. Finally, we discuss the new frontiers in genomic methods to learn about population history. In sum, this review highlights the power (and limitations) of DNA to infer features of human evolutionary history, complementing the knowledge gleaned from other disciplines, such as archaeology, anthropology, and linguistics.
COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Barbeau P.S. , Efremenko Yu. , Scholberg K.
Published: May 2023

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides an intense, high-quality source of neutrinos from pion decay at rest. This source was recently used for the first measurements of coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) by the COHERENT Collaboration, which resulted in new constraints of physics beyond the Standard Model. The SNS neutrino source will enable further CEvNS measurements, exploration of inelastic neutrino–nucleus interactions of particular relevance for understanding supernova neutrinos, and searches for accelerator-produced sub-GeV dark matter. Taking advantage of this unique facility, COHERENT's suite of detectors in Neutrino Alley at the SNS is accumulating more data to address a broad physics program at the intersection of particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. This review describes COHERENT's first two CEvNS measurements, their interpretation, and the potential of a future physics program at the SNS.
More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Unlocking the Power of Network Structure for Understanding Organization and Function in Microbiomes
Authors: Dundore-Arias J.P. , Michalska-Smith M. , Millican M. , Kinkel L.L.
Published: May 2023

Plant and soil microbiomes are integral to the health and productivity of plants and ecosystems, yet researchers struggle to identify microbiome characteristics important for providing beneficial outcomes. Network analysis offers a shift in analytical framework beyond “who is present” to the organization or patterns of coexistence between microbes within the microbiome. Because microbial phenotypes are often significantly impacted by coexisting populations, patterns of coexistence within microbiomes are likely to be especially important in predicting functional outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the how and why of network analysis in microbiome research, highlighting the ways in which network analyses have provided novel insights into microbiome organization and functional capacities, the diverse network roles of different microbial populations, and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of plant and soil microbiomes.
Norfloxacin Skeleton-Included Dendritic Molecules as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: From Experiments to Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Chen Lingli , Shi Yueting , Xu Sijun , Xiong Junle , Li Hongru , Gao Fang , Zhang Shengtao
Published: May 2023

In order to develop organic compounds for achieving highly efficient anticorrosion of mild steel in HCl solution, this study proposed to synthesize new dendritic molecules (DMs 1,2) containing double norfloxacin skeletons. Besides, the linear molecule (LM) carrying a single norfloxacin framework was also prepared as the reference. The chemical structures of the studied molecules were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy,1H,13C,19F), mass spectroscopy (MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For this purpose, the adsorption of the studied molecules on mild steel was investigated by different means. Furthermore, the potential kinetic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to survey the anticorrosion of the studied molecules in HCl solution at 298 K. It is shown that theDMsdisplayed superior corrosion inhibition effect on mild steel over theLMin acid medium at 298 K (the maximal corrosion inhibition efficiency,LM, 87.80%,DM1, 96.00%,DM2, 96.26% at 0.015 mM). The anticorrosion and adsorption mechanisms of the studied molecules for mild steel were further understood by molecular modeling and adsorption isotherms.
In Situ Growth of NiCoSe Nanoparticles/Holey Carbon Nanosheet on Carbon Cloth as an Efficient Sulfur Host for Flexible Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang He , Su Han , Guo Hongling , Yang Mingzhi , Liu Weiliang , Yao Jinshui , Ren Manman , Wang Yuanhao
Published: May 2023

Recently, commercial wearable electronic devices have gradually attracted research interest in flexible batteries. The electrode is the crucial component of a flexible lithium-sulfur battery, which restricts the development of flexible lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, NiCoSe/holey carbon nanosheet in situ grown on carbon cloth (NiCoSe/CNS/CC) was successfully synthesized and used as an efficient sulfur host for the flexible sulfur cathode. Its special structure also provides optimal conditions for the loading of sulfur and promotes efficient transport of both electrons and Li-ions. Numerous polar NiCoSe nanoparticles are attached to the surface of carbon fibers, which can effectively anchor lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) by chemisorption and accelerate their conversion. Benefiting from this special architecture and the polar NiCoSe nanoparticles, the NiCoSe/CNS/CC/S demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance. At 1C, the NiCoSe/CNS/CC/S electrode delivers a discharge capacity of 454 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles. Furthermore, even at 2C, after 600 cycles, it still maintains a capacity of 426 mA h g−1, with a capacity decay of 0.079% per cycle. The NiCoSe/CNS/CC/S electrode enriches the flexible sulfur cathodes with its excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties while providing a new path for the research of flexible LSBs.
Electrochemical Effects of the Hollow Structure Co3O4/MWCNT Interlayer Derived through ZIF-67 in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Choi Sanghyeon , Kim In Kyeong , Yang Seung Hoon , Go Nak Gu , Yoon Woo Young
Published: May 2023

The self-standing ZIF-67 derived Co3O4@MWCNT interlayer is prepared without a binder and conductor. The hollow structure of ZIF-67 derived Co3O4 is confirmed through SEM and TEM analysis. XRD analysis confirms the synthesis of ZIF-67 and the subsequent formation of ligand-free Co3O4 after thermal decomposition. BET analysis also confirms a specific surface area of approximately 139.72 m2 g−2. Through polarization measurements, Co3O4 effectively reduces polarization by more than 22% compared to when it is not used. After 10 cycles, the capacity of the Co3O4@MWCNT cell is 1120.65 mAh g−1, which is 315 mAh g−1 higher than that of an MWCNT cell (805 mAh g−1). The Co3O4 promotes the conversion from Li2S4 to Li2S2 and Li2S, which leads to higher capacity. Moreover, the cycle stability improves by more than 28% by adsorbing more polysulfide through the hollow structure. Furthermore, it is confirmed that Co3O4@MWCNT exhibits approximately 33% less polarization compared to MWCNT even under high C-rate conditions (2 C rate). Various electrochemical characteristics and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that the hollow Co3O4 physically and chemically suppresses the shuttling phenomenon.
TMEM16A partners with mTOR to influence pathways of cell survival, proliferation, and migration in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta , Li Qin , Singhi Aatur D. , Liu Silvia , Monga Satdarshan P. , Feranchak Andrew P.
Published: May 2023

This study points to the dysregulation of transmembrane protein 16 A (TMEM16A) expression and activity in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the inhibition of which has functional consequences. Dysregulated TMEM16A exerts an influence on the regulation of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Moreover, the reciprocal regulation of TMEM16A by mTOR demonstrates a novel connection between these two protein families. These findings support a model in which TMEM16A intersects the mTOR pathway to regulate cell cytoskeleton, survival, proliferation, and migration in CCA.
[Retracted] The Antimicrobial Bifunctional Camel Lactoferrin: In Silico and Molecular Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Alhumam Maathir N. , Alhumam Naser , Kandeel Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

Lactoferrin (LF) is a major natural antimicrobial agent secreted in body fluids as a natural innate immunity protein. The action and structure of LF are closely related to its iron‐binding capacity with structural reporting in open and closed conformations. This study looked at how lactoferrin structures change in camel (cLF), bovine (bLF), and human (hLF) lactoferrin closed forms after iron is removed from their binding sites. Initially, the sequence comparison between cLF and the LFs of marine mammals, bats, and domestic animals was the most intriguing conclusion. Camel LF is revealed to be more closely related to marine animals (~80.36% identity) and bats (~79.3% identity) than to terrestrial mammal species (~75.5% identity). Results indicated that cLF was more dynamic in nature than bLF and hLF by showing higher RMSD values. The cLF is known to be half lactoferrin half transferrin; in this study, we show that there are different MD behavior of both iron‐binding sites. While LF contains two lobes (C‐ and N‐lobes), the C‐lobe showed high fluctuations as N‐lobe was more stable in the absence of ferric ions. The C‐lobe and N‐lobe of cLF react differently at physiological pH, revealing distinct molecular interactions between these components. In addition, cLF showed higher system flexibility derived from its larger RMSD, RMSF, lower intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and higher solvent accessible surface area (SASA).
Asymptotic Stability of Global Solutions to Non-isentropic Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Li Qingliu , Ren Dandan , Liang Xinfeng
Published: May 2023

This paper studies the asymptotic stability of global solutions of the three-dimensional nonisentropic compressible Navier–Stokes equations, where the initial data satisfy the “well-prepared” initial conditions, and the velocity field and temperature satisfy the Dirichlet boundary condition and convective boundary condition, respectively, based on the incompressible limit of global solutions. With the uniform estimates with respect to both the Mach numberεand timet, we prove the exponentially asymptotic stability for global solutions of both the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and its limiting incompressible equations.
Listeria monocytogenes Cerebritis and Infective Endocarditis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Rare Clinical Manifestation
Authors: Mohan Shalini A. , Sufyaan Zharif
Published: May 2023

Cerebritis and infective endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes are very rare. A 56-year-old man presented with slurring of speech and generalized body weakness of 1 week duration. He did not have any past medical history. On systemic examination, he had mild slurring of speech and facial asymmetry and was initially treated for multifocal chronic cerebral infarcts. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from blood culture on day 5 of admission. A diagnosis of neurolisteriosis was made as contrast-enhanced-computed tomography (CECT) of the brain showed right frontal cerebritis. He was treated with intravenous benzyl penicillin. His general condition was improving until day 13 of hospitalization whereby he developed haemoptysis and severe Type 1 respiratory failure requiring reintubation. An urgent transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large vegetation at the anterior mitral valve leaflet measuring 2.01 cm. No active arterial bleeding was seen on computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the thorax. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed evidence of right frontal cerebritis. He continued to deteriorate and succumbed to his illness after 3 weeks of hospitalization. Clinicians should be aware of such an occurrence and prompt recognition and adequate treatment are necessary in cases of Listeria monocytogenes cerebritis and infective endocarditis as both are deadly entities.
A Hybrid Model Based on Deep Convolutional Network for Medical Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Wang Tingzhong , Zhang Yongxin , Zhang Yifan , Lu Hao , Yu Bo , Peng Shoubo , Ma Youzhong , Li Deguang
Published: May 2023

The typical pretrained model’s feature extraction capabilities are insufficient for medical named entity identification, and it is challenging to express word polysemy, resulting in a low recognition accuracy for electronic medical records. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new model that combines the BERT pretraining model and the BilSTM-CRF model. First, word embedding with semantic information is obtained by pretraining the corpus input to the BERT model. Then, the BiLSTM module is utilized to extract further features from the encoded outputs of BERT in order to account for context information and improve the accuracy of semantic coding. Then, CRF is used to modify the results of BiLSTM to screen out the annotation sequence with the largest score. Finally, extensive experimental results show that the performance of the proposed model is effectively improved compared with other models.
Spatiotemporal Self‐Attention‐Based LSTNet for Multivariate Time Series Prediction
Authors: Wang Dezheng , Chen Congyan
Published: May 2023

Multivariate time series prediction is a critical problem that is encountered in many fields, and recurrent neural network (RNN)‐based approaches have been widely used to address this problem. However, traditional RNN‐based approaches for predicting multivariate time series are still facing challenges, as time series are often related to each other and historical observations in real‐world applications. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a spatiotemporal self‐attention mechanism‐based LSTNet, which is a multivariate time series forecasting model. The proposed model leverages two self‐attention strategies, spatial and temporal self‐attention, to focus on the most relevant information among time series. The spatial self‐attention is used to discover the dependences between variables, while temporal attention is employed to capture the relationship among historical observations. Moreover, a standard deviation term is added to the objective function to track multivariate time series effectively. To evaluate the proposed method’s performance, extensive experiments are conducted on multiple benchmarked datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several baseline methods significantly. Therefore, the proposed spatiotemporal self‐attention‐based LSTNet is a promising approach for predicting multivariate time series.
Supplementary Figure from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System
Authors: Swain Christopher T.V. , Drummond Ann E. , Milne Roger L. , English Dallas R. , Brown Kristy A. , Chong Jamie E. , Skinner Tina L. , van Roekel Eline H. , Moore Melissa M. , Gaunt Tom R. , Martin Richard M. , Lewis Sarah J. , Lynch Brigid M.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System
Supplementary Data from Recalibrating Risk Prediction Models by Synthesizing Data Sources: Adapting the Lung Cancer PLCO Model for Taiwan
Authors: Chien Li-Hsin , Chen Tzu-Yu , Chen Chung-Hsing , Chen Kuan-Yu , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Chang Gee-Chen , Tsai Ying-Huang , Su Wu-Chou , Huang Ming-Shyan , Chen Yuh-Min , Chen Chih-Yi , Liang Sheng-Kai , Chen Chung-Yu , Wang Chih-Liang , Hung Hsiao-Han , Jiang Hsin-Fang , Hu Jia-Wei , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Liu Tsang-Wu , Chen Chien-Jen , Yang Pan-Chyr , Chang I-Shou , Hsiung Chao A.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Data from Recalibrating Risk Prediction Models by Synthesizing Data Sources: Adapting the Lung Cancer PLCO Model for Taiwan
Supplementary Figure from Tumor Mutational Burden by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Resected NSCLC of Never Smokers
Authors: Ruel Louis-Jacques , Li Zhonglin , Gaudreault Nathalie , Henry Cyndi , Saavedra Armero Victoria , Boudreau Dominique K. , Zhang Tongwu , Landi Maria Teresa , Labbé Catherine , Couture Christian , Desmeules Patrice , Joubert Philippe , Bossé Yohan
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure from Tumor Mutational Burden by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Resected NSCLC of Never Smokers
Supplementary Figure from Validation of BD Onclarity HPV Assay on Vaginal Self-Samples versus Cervical Samples Using the VALHUDES Protocol
Authors: Latsuzbaia Ardashel , Vanden Broeck Davy , Van Keer Severien , Weyers Steven , Donders Gilbert , Doyen Jean , Tjalma Wiebren , De Sutter Philippe , Peeters Eliana , Vorsters Alex , Arbyn Marc
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure from Validation of BD Onclarity HPV Assay on Vaginal Self-Samples versus Cervical Samples Using the VALHUDES Protocol
Supplementary Figure from Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors Treated with Procarbazine and/or Infradiaphragmatic Radiotherapy
Authors: Ykema Berbel L.M. , Gini Andrea , Rigter Lisanne S. , Spaander Manon C.W. , Moons Leon M.G. , Bisseling Tanya M. , de Boer Jan Paul , Verbeek Wieke H.M. , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Janus Cecile P.M. , Petersen Eefke J. , Roesink Judith M. , van der Maazen Richard W.M. , Aleman Berthe M.P. , Meijer Gerrit A. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Snaebjornsson Petur , Carvalho Beatriz , van Leerdam Monique E. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure from Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors Treated with Procarbazine and/or Infradiaphragmatic Radiotherapy
Supplementary Table 1 from Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: a Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Yeo Yohwan , Cho In Young , Cho Belong , Park Jin-Ho , Shin Dong Wook , Cho Jong Ho , Park Yong-Moon
Published: May 2023

Previous studies on the association between metabolic syndrome and risk of esophageal cancer