bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis dengan Menggunakan Media Flash Card
Authors: Alfiananda Dinda , Indahyati Rohmah
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam menulis kata pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan guru dalam mengajarkan cara menulis tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik bagi siswa sehingga cenderung membosankan dan terkesan monoton. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan media gambar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kata siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa kelas I SDIT Ibnu Khaldun dalam menulis kata dengan menggunakan media gambar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus dengan melalui tahapan yang sama, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dikelas I SDIT Ibnu Khaldun dengan jumlah siswa 23 orang yang terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu observasi dan evaluasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media gambar, kegiatan pembelajaran menjadi lebih menyenangkan sehingga siswa hasil belajar siswa meningkat, yaitu hasil dari siklus I ke siklus II terdapat peningkatan.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Melalui Metode Demonstrasi pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Septiana Septiana , Melani Desi , Casta Casta
Published: August 2023

Kemampuan membaca sangat penting di miliki oleh setiap peserta didik di setiap jenjang pendidikan, terutama di jenjang Sekolah Dasar yang merupakan awal mula dari semua jenjang pendidikan tersebut. Dengan kemampuan membaca yang baik maka akan tercapai hasi belajar yang baik. Namun demikian, kemampuan membaca siswa kelas III SD Negeri Kebon Baru III masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia melalui metode demonstrasi. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan dua siklus dengan model Kemmis dan Taggart. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, pengamatan, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif yang dihasilkan dari observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan analisis kualitatif dari data catatan lapangan. Data yang bersifat kuantitatif dianalisis dengan analisi presentase yang diinterpretasikan menjadi data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan presentase kemapuan membaca siswa dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2. Pada siklus 1 hanya 61,46% siswa yang tuntas KKM, sedangkan pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi 91,06% siswa yang tuntas KKM. Peningkatan ini berhasil dicapai karena guru melakukan perbaikan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkann bahwa penggunaan metode demonstrasi berbantukartu huruf dapat meningktakan kemampuan membaca siswa SD Negeri Kebon Baru III.
Peningkatan Fokus Belajar dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Indeks Card Match
Authors: Tsana Rizal , Patekha Ayu , Maolah Indi Milatul
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar siswa kelas III MI Babussalam Cirebon dalam proses pembelajaran melalui penerapan model indeks card macth. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Taggart. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 23 siswa. Data konsentrasi belajar siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Selanjutnya, data tersebut dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksnakan, dengan menggunakan strategi indeks card match dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar dan secara tidak langsung juga meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran Matematika pada siwa kelas IIIA MI Babussalam penpen. Tindakan pada siklus II, memberikan hasil optimal karena telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan
Optimalisasi Motivasi Belajar Arab Melalui Metode Muhadatsah
Authors: Susi Susi , Syahrin Nur Alfi , Putri Herlina
Published: August 2023

Tujuan  penelitian  ini  untuk  mendeskripsikan  proses  dan  hasil  pembelajaran  menggunakan media kartu  kata bergambar dapat  meningkatkan penguasaan  kosakata  Bahasa  Arab (mufradat) siswa kelas  III MI  Hidayatul Muridin Kabupaten Cirebon.  Subjek  penelitian  berjumlah  48  orang siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan  adalah analisis data kualitatif. Analisis data kualitatif  digunakan  untuk  mengumpulkan data  melalui  lembar  observasi,  catatan wawancara, dan catatan dokumentasi. Analisis data kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui persentase peningkatan penguasaan  kosakata  bahasa  Arab (mufradat) setelah  tindakan  dengan  menggunakan media gambar. Hasil penelitian  ini  menunjuk adanya peningkatan  penguasaan kosakata  Bahasa  Arab  siswa menggunakan  media kartu  kata  bergambar. Pada siklus  I,  diperoleh peningkatan  sebesar  52.17%  dan  meningkat   menjadi  81.56%  pada siklus  II. Berdasarkan  data kualitatif tersebut yang diperkuat dengan temuan data kualitatif bahwa penggunaan media kartu kata bergambar dapat meningkatkan pengusaan kosakata Bahasa Arab (mufradat). Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa motivasi belajar bahasa arab siswa pada siklus I mencapai 60,14%, hal tersebut tergolong dalam kategori cukup baik, sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 82,2% tergolong dalam kategori baik. Dalam penerapan metode Active Learning dalam proses belajar mengajar siklus I masih tergolong cukup baik dengan perolehan 64,3%, sedangkan pada siklus II sudah mencapai perolehan 87% dan tergolong baik. Dari perolehan tersebut diketahui bahwa motivasi belajar siswa dan penerapan metode Active Learning dalam proses belajar mengajar mengalami peningkatan. Dari uraian diatas peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan metode Active Learning dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar muhadatsah Bahasa Arab siswa kelas IIIA di MI KHOIRUL HUDA Sedati Sidoarjo. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan diketahui bahwa pada hasil angket atau respons siswa yang diberikan pada saat siklus I dan siklus II
Peningkatan Penguasaan Materi Akidah Akhlak Melalui Model Cooperative Learning Tipe STAD di MI Al-Huda
Authors: Marleni Eva , Konaah Konaah , Auliyah Hikmah
Published: August 2023

Pembelajaran di MI harus menggunakan kreatifitas dari seorang guru agar peserta didik tidak bosan, identiknya peserta didik di MI Al-Huda jika pembelajaran dengan serius itu akan membuat peserta didik merasa bosan dengan pelajaran yang dipelajarinya sehingga peserta didik kesulitan untuk memahami isi materi yang dipelajarinya. Maka di perlukan solusi untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut mengenai pemahaman siswa dalam menguasai materi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa, agar siswa dapat berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran maka di perlukan model dan metode pembelajaran yang efektif sehingga peserta didik paham dengan materi yang sedang di pelajari. Salah satu model pengajaran yang bisa digunakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar yaitu Model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe STAD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang mana melalui tahapan penelitian yang disebut siklus. Tiap siklus dilakukan beberapa tahap yakni : 1) Perencanaan Tindakan, 2) Pelaksanaan Tindakan, 3) Observasi, dan 4) Refleksi
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mencipta dan Membacakan Puisi Karya Sendiri Melalui Metode Demonstrasi di Kelas XII IPS 2 MAN 2 Kota Cirebon
Authors: Masyfu’ah Atin
Published: August 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam mencipta dan membaca puisi sehingga hasil belajar rendah yang diakibatkan karena siswa tidak diberikan kesempatan untuk membaca karya puisinya sendiri di depan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan metode demonstrasi pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mencipta dan membaca pada siswa kelas XII.IPS.2 MAN 2 Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti, observer, dan subyek yang diteliti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas XII.IPS.2 MAN 2 Kota Cirebon yang terdiri dari 28 siswa. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Proses penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tindakan utama yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Akhir dari setiap siklus dilaksanakan tes membaca puisi karya sendiri menggunakan instrumen penilaian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil belajar pada siklus I memperoleh nilai 73 dengan ketuntasan belajar 71% atau 20 siswa dari 28 siswa yang memenuhi nilai KKM 75 dan siklus II memperoleh nilai 81 dengan ketuntasan belajar 97% atau 26 siswa yang tuntas. Begitu pula dengan hasil observasi siswa dan guru menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan, pada siklus I kinerja guru dan aktivitas siswa berkategori cukup baik dan siklus kedua berkategori sangat baik. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa penerapan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa mencipta dan membaca puisi karya sendiri di kelas XII.IPS.2 MAN 2 Kota Cirebon. Selain itu, juga dapat meningkatkan partisipasi dan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga dapat direkomendasikan kepada guru Bahasa Indonesia untuk menerapkan metode demonstrasi  dalam pembelajaran membaca puisi
Meningkatkan Nasionalisme dengan Media Wayang Kreasi di Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Putri Sheryl Dwi , Fazirah Rassyah Raffana , Iasha Vina , EW Engga Dallion
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran wayang kreatif di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Model pengembangan ini terdiri dari lima fase: analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket untuk validitas dan respon siswa. Responden penelitian ini adalah 10 siswa kelas 4 SDN Pondok Bambu 02 Kecamatan Duren Sawit tahun pelajaran 2022-2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Media pembelajaran wayang kreasi dinyatakan “Valid” berdasarkan rata-rata penilaian ahli media sebesar 80,95, rata-rata penilaian ahli materi sebesar 78,3, dan rata-rata penilaian ahli bahasa sebesar 84, (2) Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa respon anak terhadap media pembelajaran wayang kreasi sangat positif dengan rata- rata angket respon sebesar 87,4, (3) Media pembelajaran wayang kreasi dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya dalam meningkatkan nasionalisme.
Implementasi Pentingnya Menjaga Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Di Sekolah Dasar 2Giriwondo Karanganyar
Authors: Aji Prima Trisna , Rizkasari Elinda , Anisa Rully
Published: August 2023

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan di UPTD Sekolah dasar Negeri 2 Giriwondo Karanganyar dalam rangka memberikan pendidikan kesehatan peningkatan kesadaran pada siswa sekolah dasar. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan secara teori dengan pendidikan kesehatan dan praktek langsung tekhnik cara melakukan gosok gigi yang baik dan benar. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran bagi siswa tentang pentingnya kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta bisa melakukan tekhnik gosok gigi secara mendiri dengan baik dan benar. Hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut adalah menghindari makanan yang manis, melakukan tekhnik gosok gigi yang baik dan benar, gosok gigi sehari minimal 2x sehari, gosok gigi setiap sehabis makan dan sebelum tidur. Metode yang dipakai dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan cara ceramah, demonstrasi, melihat gambar video dan melakukan praktek secara langsung. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah kesadaran siswa tentang pengetahuan kesehatan gigi menjadi meningkat, siswa terlihat antusias melakukan praktek gosok gigi dan siswa bersedia menjaga kesehatan gigi.
Pengaruh Pemasaran Afiliasi E-Commerce pada Media Sosial Terhadap Minat Beli Mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Authors: Rena Puspitasari
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemasaran afiliasi e-commerce pada media sosial terhadap minat beli mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Sampel yang dibunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 108 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Bandung yang pernah atau sering melihat konten pemasaran afiliasi e-commerce pada media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi sederhana. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui media sosial kepada responden yang memenuhi kriteria. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh hasil sebesar 66.7% pengaruh pemasaran afiliasi e-commerce terhadap minat beli. Sedangkan sebesar 33.3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran afiliasi e-commerce memiliki pengaruh dan pengaruhnya termasuk kriteria rendah.

Kata kunci: pemasaran afiliasi, e-commerce, media sosial, minat beli
Dampak Ketersediaan Pembayaran Digital terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Studi Kasus pada Pelanggan Bakso di Kab. Bandung)
Authors: Fadli Alamsyah
Published: August 2023

Perkembangan digital pada zaman ini sangatlah pesat sehingga menimbulkan beberapa inovasi yang dapat meringankan dan memudahkan berbagai kegiatan manusia. Salah satu contohnya adalah pembayaran digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari ketersediaan pembayaran digital terhadap loyalitas pelanggan terutama pada warung-warung bakso yang terletak di Kab. Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan alat ukur kuesioner. Sebanyak 135 masyarakat Kabupaten Bandung telah terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, analisis data akan menggunakan aplikasi lunak IBM SPSS v.25 dengan memeriksa uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, serta uji analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis data yang didapatkan adalah dampak dari Ketersediaan Pembayaran Digital memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.
L’aliénation et l’exil : comment la situation minoritaire historique motive les choix éditoriaux dans l’Anthologie de la poésie franco-manitobaine
Authors: Labrecque Rémi
Published: August 2023

Le présent article s’attarde sur les grandes lignes de l’Anthologie de la poésie franco-manitobaine (1990) dirigée par J. R. Léveillé et dans laquelle celui-ci figure comme poète. Il propose également d’offrir une étude des thématiques abordées dans cet ouvrage afin de mieux comprendre la façon dont la situation minoritaire historique de cette petite collectivité a motivé les choix éditoriaux de Léveillé. Après avoir brièvement comparé le contexte franco-manitobain à celui que l’on trouve en poésie au Québec et en France à la même époque, je décris les approches de quelques poètes exemplaires issus de cette lignée, qui reste encore souvent méconnue à l’extérieur de la province.
La poésie trash de Charles Leblanc à l’épreuve de l’intersectionnalité
Authors: Kirouac Massicotte Isabelle
Published: August 2023

Le Franco-Manitobain Charles Leblanc, qui est à la fois poète, comédien et homme d’action, est un auteur prolifique, mais encore peu étudié. L’auteur affiche un parti pris marqué pour le peuple, pour les « déchets de la société » (Leblanc, 2008 : 30), comme en témoignent les sujets abordés crûment dans son oeuvre et son emploi d’une langue parfois vulgaire et injurieuse. Dans cet article, il sera plus particulièrement question de montrer en quoi la production poétique de Leblanc s’inscrit dans une esthétique trash qui tend vers l’intersectionnalité. Sera discutée dans cette étude l’anti-poésie de l’auteur qui, à l’instar de l’esthétique trash, exprime le refus sous différentes formes, qu’il s’agisse du refus de l’universel, de l’embellissement ou encore de la « grande » littérature.
FAKTOR YANG BERKONTRIBUSI PADA KEIKUSERTAAN SEKTOR FORMAL DALAM SKEMA ASURANSI KESEHATAN SOSIAL: NARATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Idris Haerawati , Razak Rahmatillah , Ermi Nurmalia
Published: August 2023

Berbagai negara di dunia telah berupaya menuju target Universal health coverage, termasuk negara dengan penghasilan rendah dan menengah. Meskipun bersifat mandatory, sektor formal tidak secara otomatis ikut menjadi peserta dalam asuransi kesehatan sosial. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan faktor yang berkontribusi keikusertaan sektor formal dalam asuransi kesehatan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan naratif review. Studi ini berfokus pada faktor yang ikut berkontribusi pada keikutsertaan sektor formal dalam skema asuransi kesehatan sosial. Kami mengidentifikasi artikel yang terpilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi meliputi sektor formal, bahasa inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, mengadopsi asuransi sosial dan artikel yang terbuka untuk diakses. Kami kemudian mengumpulkan artikel terpilih dan akhirnya, kami mensintesis apa saja faktor yang berkontribusi akan kepesertaan sektor formal dalam skema asuransi kesehatan sosial. Kami menemukan bahwa keikutsertaan sektor formal ke dalam asuransi kesehatan sosial berkaitan dengan faktor: skema wajib, pengetahuan sektor usaha/perusahaan, finansial perusahaan, jenis perusahaan, risiko yang mungkin dialami perusahaan dan persepsi terhadap kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang tersedia. Studi ini menemukan beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi pada keikutsertaan sector usaha dalam asuransi kesehatan sosial. Factor yang bersifat struktur/kebijakan, pengetahuan tentang kebijakan asuransi sosial dan kualitas layanan dari supply side perlu menjadi perhatian pemerintah dalam upaya perluasan pada kelompok ini.
Korelasi Faktor Risiko Usia Pasien dengan Kasus dan Biaya Rawat Inap Penyakit Jantung di Indonesia (Analisis Serial Waktu Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional 2015-2021)
Authors: Hasibuan Syarif Rahman , Sabarinah Sabarinah , Darmawan Ede Surya
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara usia pasien dengan kasus, dan biaya rawat inap penyakit jantung di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif potong lintang menggunakan data sampel terbuka dari BPJS Kesehatan. Unit sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kasus rawat inap peserta program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional 2015-2021 dengan jumlah sampel 43.921 yang dibobotkan menjadi 3.901.373 kasus rawat inap. Hasil penelitikan ini menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kasus dan total biaya rawat inap penyakit jantung pada 2015-2019, namun turun saat pandemi Covid-19. Rata-rata biaya rawat inap penyakit jantung per kasus adalah 7,5 juta rupiah per tahun. Rata-rata biaya tertinggi per kasus adalah 185,47 juta rupiah per tahun; biaya terendah 1,5 juta rupiah per tahun; dan rata-rata total biaya 3,99 Triliun rupiah per tahun. Akumulasi biaya tahun 2015-2021 adalah 27,94 Triliun rupiah. Korelasi spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia dengan kasus, rata-rata dan total biaya rawat inap dengan kekuatan korelasi dan pola yang bervariasi. Korelasi dengan pola negatif hanya terjadi pada usia dengan rata-rata biaya rawat inap yang artinya semakin tinggi usia, maka rata-rata biaya rawat inap semakin rendah.
Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F1 (Adgrf1)
Authors: Wu Mengyao , Lo Tak-Ho , Li Liping , Sun Jia , Deng Chujun , Chan Ka-Ying , Li Xiang , Yeh Steve Ting-Yuan , Lee Jimmy Tsz Hang , Lui Pauline Po Yee , Xu Aimin , Wong Chi-Ming
Published: August 2023

Background:

Recent research has shown that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F1 (Adgrf1; also known as GPR110; PGR19; KPG_012; hGPCR36) is an oncogene. The evidence is mainly based on high expression of Adgrf1 in numerous cancer types, and knockdown Adgrf1 can reduce the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Adgrf1 is, however, mostly expressed in the liver of healthy individuals. The function of Adgrf1 in liver has not been revealed. Interestingly, expression level of hepatic Adgrf1 is dramatically decreased in obese subjects. Here, the research examined whether Adgrf1 has a role in liver metabolism.

Methods:

We used recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery system, and antisense oligonucleotide was used to manipulate the hepatic Adgrf1 expression level in diet-induced obese mice to investigate the role of Adgrf1 in hepatic steatosis. The clinical relevance was examined using transcriptome profiling and archived biopsy specimens of liver tissues from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with different degree of fatty liver.

Results:

The expression of Adgrf1 in the liver was directly correlated to fat content in the livers of both obese mice and NAFLD patients. Stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 (Scd1), a crucial enzyme in hepatic de novo lipogenesis, was identified as a downstream target of Adgrf1 by RNA-sequencing analysis. Treatment with the liver-specific Scd1 inhibitor MK8245 and specific shRNAs against Scd1 in primary hepatocytes improved the hepatic steatosis of Adgrf1-overexpressing mice and lipid profile of hepatocytes, respectively.

Conclusions:

These results indicate Adgrf1 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through controlling the expression of Scd1. Downregulation of Adgrf1 expression can potentially serve as a protective mechanism to stop the overaccumulation of fat in the liver in obese subjects. Overall, the above findings not only reveal a new mechanism regulating the progression of NAFLD, but also proposed a novel therapeutic approach to combat NAFLD by targeting Adgrf1.

Funding:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870586), Area of Excellence (AoE/M-707/18), and General Research Fund (15101520) to CMW, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270941, 81974117) to SJ.
Variability of visual field maps in human early extrastriate cortex challenges the canonical model of organization of V2 and V3
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda Lenita , York Ashley , Zavitz Elizabeth , Bollmann Steffen , Rosa Marcello GP , Puckett Alexander
Published: August 2023

Visual field maps in human early extrastriate areas (V2 and V3) are traditionally thought to form mirror-image representations which surround the primary visual cortex (V1). According to this scheme, V2 and V3 form nearly symmetrical halves with respect to the calcarine sulcus, with the dorsal halves representing lower contralateral quadrants, and the ventral halves representing upper contralateral quadrants. This arrangement is considered to be consistent across individuals, and thus predictable with reasonable accuracy using templates. However, data that deviate from this expected pattern have been observed, but mainly treated as artifactual. Here, we systematically investigate individual variability in the visual field maps of human early visual cortex using the 7T Human Connectome Project (HCP) retinotopy dataset. Our results demonstrate substantial and principled inter-individual variability. Visual field representation in the dorsal portions of V2 and V3 was more variable than in their ventral counterparts, including substantial departures from the expected mirror-symmetrical patterns. In addition, left hemisphere retinotopic maps were more variable than those in the right hemisphere. Surprisingly, only one-third of individuals had maps that conformed to the expected pattern in the left hemisphere. Visual field sign analysis further revealed that in many individuals the area conventionally identified as dorsal V3 shows a discontinuity in the mirror-image representation of the retina, associated with a Y-shaped lower vertical representation. Our findings challenge the current view that inter-individual variability in early extrastriate cortex is negligible, and that the dorsal portions of V2 and V3 are roughly mirror images of their ventral counterparts.
Cell-type-specific cis-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility revealed by human-chimpanzee hybrid cells
Authors: Wang Ban , Starr Alexander L , Fraser Hunter B
Published: August 2023

Although gene expression divergence has long been postulated to be the primary driver of human evolution, identifying the genes and genetic variants underlying uniquely human traits has proven to be quite challenging. Theory suggests that cell-type-specific cis-regulatory variants may fuel evolutionary adaptation due to the specificity of their effects. These variants can precisely tune the expression of a single gene in a single cell-type, avoiding the potentially deleterious consequences of trans-acting changes and non-cell type-specific changes that can impact many genes and cell types, respectively. It has recently become possible to quantify human-specific cis-acting regulatory divergence by measuring allele-specific expression in human-chimpanzee hybrid cells—the product of fusing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of each species in vitro. However, these cis-regulatory changes have only been explored in a limited number of cell types. Here, we quantify human-chimpanzee cis-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across six cell types, enabling the identification of highly cell-type-specific cis-regulatory changes. We find that cell-type-specific genes and regulatory elements evolve faster than those shared across cell types, suggesting an important role for genes with cell-type-specific expression in human evolution. Furthermore, we identify several instances of lineage-specific natural selection that may have played key roles in specific cell types, such as coordinated changes in the cis-regulation of dozens of genes involved in neuronal firing in motor neurons. Finally, using novel metrics and a machine learning model, we identify genetic variants that likely alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding, leading to neuron-specific changes in the expression of the neurodevelopmentally important genes FABP7 and GAD1. Overall, our results demonstrate that integrative analysis of cis-regulatory divergence in chromatin accessibility and gene expression across cell types is a promising approach to identify the specific genes and genetic variants that make us human.
Cell type-specific cis-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility revealed by human-chimpanzee hybrid cells
Authors: Wang Ban , Starr Alexander L. , Fraser Hunter B.
Published: August 2023

Although gene expression divergence has long been postulated to be the primary driver of human evolution, identifying the genes and genetic variants underlying uniquely human traits has proven to be quite challenging. Theory suggests that cell type-specific
cis
-regulatory variants may fuel evolutionary adaptation due to the specificity of their effects. These variants can precisely tune the expression of a single gene in a single cell type, avoiding the potentially deleterious consequences of
trans
-acting changes and non-cell type-specific changes that can impact many genes and cell types, respectively. It has recently become possible to quantify human-specific
cis
-acting regulatory divergence by measuring allele-specific expression in human-chimpanzee hybrid cells—the product of fusing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of each species
in vitro
. However, these
cis
-regulatory changes have only been explored in a limited number of tissues and cell types. Here, we quantify human-chimpanzee
cis
-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across six cell types, enabling the identification of highly cell type-specific
cis
-regulatory changes. We find that cell type-specific genes and regulatory elements evolve faster than those shared across cell types, suggesting an important role for genes with cell type-specific expression in human evolution. Furthermore, we identify several instances of lineage-specific natural selection that may have played key roles in specific cell types, such as coordinated changes in the
cis
-regulation of dozens of genes involved in neuronal firing in motor neurons. Finally, using novel metrics and a machine learning model, we identify genetic variants that likely alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding, leading to neuron-specific changes in the expression of the neurodevelopmentally important genes
FABP7
and
GAD1
. Overall, our results demonstrate that integrative analysis of
cis
-regulatory divergence in chromatin accessibility and gene expression across cell types is a promising approach to identify the specific genes and genetic variants that make us human.
Perioperative Vaginal Estrogen as Adjunct to Native Tissue Vaginal Apical Prolapse Repair
Authors: Rahn David D. , Richter Holly E. , Sung Vivian W. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Hynan Linda S.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Surgical repairs of apical/uterovaginal prolapse are commonly performed using native tissue pelvic ligaments as the point of attachment for the vaginal cuff after a hysterectomy. Clinicians may recommend vaginal estrogen in an effort to reduce prolapse recurrence, but the effects of intravaginal estrogen on surgical prolapse management are uncertain.

Objective

To compare the efficacy of perioperative vaginal estrogen vs placebo cream on prolapse recurrence following native tissue surgical prolapse repair.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized superiority clinical trial was conducted at 3 tertiary US clinical sites (Texas, Alabama, Rhode Island). Postmenopausal women (N = 206) with bothersome anterior and apical vaginal prolapse interested in surgical repair were enrolled in urogynecology clinics between December 2016 and February 2020.

Interventions

The intervention was 1 g of conjugated estrogen cream (0.625 mg/g) or placebo, inserted vaginally nightly for 2 weeks and then twice weekly to complete at least 5 weeks of application preoperatively; this continued twice weekly for 12 months postoperatively. Participants underwent a vaginal hysterectomy (if uterus present) and standardized apical fixation (either uterosacral or sacrospinous ligament fixation).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was time to failure of prolapse repair by 12 months after surgery defined by at least 1 of the following 3 outcomes: anatomical/objective prolapse of the anterior or posterior walls beyond the hymen or the apex descending more than one-third of the vaginal length, subjective vaginal bulge symptoms, or repeated prolapse treatment. Secondary outcomes included measures of urinary and sexual function, symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy, and adverse events.

Results

Of 206 postmenopausal women, 199 were randomized and 186 underwent surgery. The mean (SD) age of participants was 65 (6.7) years. The primary outcome was not significantly different for women receiving vaginal estrogen vs placebo through 12 months: 12-month failure incidence of 19% (n = 20) for vaginal estrogen vs 9% (n = 10) for placebo (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 0.92-4.22]), with the anatomic recurrence component being most common, rather than vaginal bulge symptoms or prolapse repeated treatment. Masked surgeon assessment of vaginal tissue quality and estrogenization was significantly better in the vaginal estrogen group at the time of the operation. In the subset of participants with at least moderately bothersome vaginal atrophy symptoms at baseline (n = 109), the vaginal atrophy score for most bothersome symptom was significantly better at 12 months with vaginal estrogen.

Conclusions and Relevance

Adjunctive perioperative vaginal estrogen application did not improve surgical success rates after native tissue transvaginal prolapse repair.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02431897
Communication of COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media by Physicians in the US
Authors: Sule Sahana , DaCosta Marisa C. , DeCou Erin , Gilson Charlotte , Wallace Kate , Goff Sarah L.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Approximately one-third of the more than 1 100 000 confirmed COVID-19–related deaths as of January 18, 2023, were considered preventable if public health recommendations had been followed. Physicians’ propagation of misinformation about COVID-19 on social media and other internet-based platforms has raised professional, public health, and ethical concerns.

Objective

To characterize (1) the types of COVID-19 misinformation propagated by US physicians after vaccines became available, (2) the online platforms used, and (3) the characteristics of the physicians spreading misinformation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection during the study window to define misinformation, structured searches of high-use social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Parler, and YouTube) and news sources (The New York Times, National Public Radio) were conducted to identify COVID-19 misinformation communicated by US-based physicians between January 2021 and December 2022. Physicians’ state of licensure and medical specialty were identified. The number of followers for each physician on 4 major platforms was extracted to estimate reach and qualitative content analysis of the messages was performed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcome measures included categories of COVID-19 misinformation propagated, the number and traits of physicians engaged in misinformation propagation, and the type of online media channels used to propagate misinformation and potential reach.

Results

The propagation of COVID-19 misinformation was attributed to 52 physicians in 28 different specialties across all regions of the country. General misinformation categories included vaccines, medication, masks, and other (ie, conspiracy theories). Forty-two physicians (80.8%) posted vaccine misinformation, 40 (76.9%) propagated information in more than 1 category, and 20 (38.5%) posted misinformation on 5 or more platforms. Major themes identified included (1) disputing vaccine safety and effectiveness, (2) promoting medical treatments lacking scientific evidence and/or US Food and Drug Administration approval, (3) disputing mask-wearing effectiveness, and (4) other (unsubstantiated claims, eg, virus origin, government lies, and other conspiracy theories).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this mixed-methods study of US physician propagation of COVID-19 misinformation on social media, results suggest widespread, inaccurate, and potentially harmful assertions made by physicians across the country who represented a range of subspecialties. Further research is needed to assess the extent of the potential harms associated with physician propagation of misinformation, the motivations for these behaviors, and potential legal and professional recourse to improve accountability for misinformation propagation.
Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Adults With a History of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wen Xin , Xia Tong , Li Ruishan , Qiu Hongbin , Yu Bo , Zhang Yiying , Wang Shanjie
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes the prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adults with cardiovascular disease in the US between 2014 and 2020.
Follow-On Indications for Orphan Drugs Related to the Inflation Reduction Act
Authors: Chambers James D. , Clifford Katherine A. , Enright Daniel E. , Neumann Peter J.
Published: August 2023

This cohort study assesses rates at which orphan drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration were also approved for supplemental (follow-on) indications.
Vaping of Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Synthetic Cannabis Among US Sexual Minority Youths
Authors: Liu Jessica , Tan Andy S. L. , Lee Juhan
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates rates of vaping of cannabis, cannabidiol, and synthetic cannabis among US sexual minority youths.
Beyond Rattling: Tetrahedrites as Incipient Ionic Conductors
Authors: Mukherjee Shriparna , Voneshen David J. , Duff Andrew , Goddard Pooja , Powell Anthony V. , Vaqueiro Paz
Published: August 2023

Materials with ultralow thermal conductivity are crucial to many technological applications, including thermoelectric energy harvesting, thermal barrier coatings, and optoelectronics. Liquid‐like mobile ions are effective at disrupting phonon propagation, hence suppressing thermal conduction. However, high ionic mobility leads to the degradation of liquid‐like thermoelectric materials under operating conditions due to ion migration and metal deposition at the cathode, hindering their practical application. Here, a new type of behavior, incipient ionic conduction, which leads to ultralow thermal conductivity, while overcoming the issues of degradation inherent in liquid‐like materials, is identified. Using neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, it is demonstrated that in tetrahedrite, an established thermoelectric material with a remarkably low thermal conductivity, copper ions, although mobile above 200 K, are predominantly confined to cages within the crystal structure. Hence the undesirable migration of cations to the cathode can be avoided. These findings unveil a new approach for the design of materials with ultralow thermal conductivity, by exploring systems in which incipient ionic conduction may be present.
Tubeless field anaesthesia for surgical removal of an aspirated endoscopy capsule
Authors: Grounds G. S. , Dent H. , Nunes C. , Dhar V.
Published: August 2023

Capsule endoscopy is a safe, minimally invasive procedure used to investigate gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial endoscopy. The most common adverse effects of capsule endoscopy include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Capsule pulmonary aspiration, although a rare complication, has been reported in the literature. Most reported cases resolve without further medical intervention. In these cases, the capsule is either expelled by coughing, or it re‐enters the oropharynx and is then swallowed. In a small number of cases, the capsule remains in the lung, unable to be expectorated. This requires prompt diagnosis and emergency bronchoscopic removal under general anaesthesia. Due to the smooth, rounded surfaces of the capsule, it may be difficult to grasp, and consequently extraction may be technically challenging. The existing literature contains limited documentation on anaesthetic and surgical approaches for managing an aspirated endoscopy capsule. In this case report, we present the management of an aspirated endoscopy capsule in a district general hospital, in which thoracic surgery was not available. Local resources were used to manage this potentially life‐threatening complication without patient transfer. In our case, we provided a tubeless field to optimise surgical access. This facilitated the successful surgical extraction of the endoscopy capsule from the left main bronchus.
Iron integrated carbon nitride: A recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the construction of bis (hetero/homoarylidene)cycloalkanones
Authors: Saravanan Vadivel , Lakshmanan Pandian , Ramalingan Chennan
Published: August 2023

Iron integrated graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) was synthesized by adopting co‐precipitation method. No appreciable change in XRD main peak of both GCN and Fe(III)‐GCN indicates the lattice structure remains the same and there is no bulk doping of Fe(III). More sharp IR bands of Fe(III)‐GCN between 1000 and 1750 cm−1 compared with GCN reflect ordered packing of tri‐s‐triazine units in the nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals less thin and large two dimensional sheets have formed from bulk GCN during catalyst preparation. The absence of bright spots in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that there is no crystalline metal oxide phase confirming that iron(III) is present as ions. Fe(III)‐GCN was then exploited as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of bis (hetero/homoarylidene)cycloalkanones from heteroaromatic/homoaromatic carbaldehydes and cycloalkanone through carbon–carbon double bond construction. The reaction effected well in water, a green solvent as a reaction medium at ambient temperature. The catalytic competency exposed good performance towards reusability. Added advantages include easy preparation and inexpensiveness.
Catalytic combustion of a dendrimer containing ferrocene units with anti‐migration performance on composite propellant
Authors: Chen Dingning , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Liu Jinyi , Wang Yu
Published: August 2023

Ferrocene‐based compounds are promising burning rate catalysts due to their attractive catalytic activity, flammability, and non‐toxic performance. Unfortunately, the high‐migration issue of the ferrocene‐based catalysts makes it challenging to store composite solid propellants for a long time. Therefore, a dendrimer containing ferrocene units with anti‐migration ability was designed herein. The introduction of polar groups provides a large number of interaction sites for anti‐migration, and no migration of the dendrimer in the propellant was observed after 4 weeks of the aging test. For catalytic performance, the results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate could be reduced from 404°C to 369°C by adding 3 wt% ferrocene‐based dendrimer. Moreover, compared with the propellant mixed with Catocene, the propellant containing ferrocene‐based dendrimer showed a lower pressure exponent (0.47) and a higher burning rate (2.03 mm·s−1, at 0.1 MPa).
Quantum Bayesian computation
Authors: Polson Nick , Sokolov Vadim , Xu Jianeng
Published: August 2023

Quantum Bayesian computation is an emerging field that levers the computational gains available from quantum computers. They promise to provide an exponential speed‐up in Bayesian computation. Our article adds to the literature in three ways. First, we describe how quantum von Neumann measurement provides quantum versions of popular machine learning algorithms such as Markov chain Monte Carlo and deep learning that are fundamental to Bayesian learning. Second, we describe quantum data encoding methods needed to implement quantum machine learning including the counterparts to traditional feature extraction and kernel embeddings methods. Third, we show how quantum algorithms naturally calculate Bayesian quantities of interest such as posterior distributions and marginal likelihoods. Our goal then is to show how quantum algorithms solve statistical machine learning problems. On the theoretical side, we provide quantum versions of high dimensional regression, Gaussian processes and stochastic gradient descent. On the empirical side, we apply a quantum FFT algorithm to Chicago house price data. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.
Carbon emission reduction: Understanding the micro‐foundations of dynamic capabilities in companies with a strategic orientation for sustainability performance
Authors: Chevrollier Nicolas , van Lieshout Johannes W. F. C. , Argyrou Aikaterini , Amelink Johannes
Published: August 2023

This article aims to identify the micro‐foundations of dynamic capabilities that underpin a strategic orientation for sustainability performance in order to reduce carbon emissions. These micro‐foundations are examined in relation to two types of strategic orientation for sustainability performance: instrumental and stewardship. A qualitative research design is used to investigate four Dutch stock‐listed companies with either an instrumental or a stewardship strategic orientation. The research shows that certain micro‐foundations of dynamic capabilities achieve carbon emission reductions. Sensing, through measuring carbon emissions, supports a transparent raising of awareness on this issue. Seizing is based on a collaborative and carbon‐driven capturing of value enabled by clear financial incentives linked to reducing carbon emissions. Transforming is supported by an ambidextrous organizational structure and the active diffusion of knowledge concerning carbon emission reduction. Top management can deliver a significant impulse to achieve the desired level of influence related to carbon emission reduction. Our analysis reveals five dimensions (level of influence, level of transparency, level of responsibility, logic of value creation, and logic of embeddedness) that explain the relation between a strategic orientation for sustainability performance and the associated sustainable performance achieved in carbon emission reduction.
ent‐Herqueidiketal and epi‐Peniciherqueinone Isolated from a Mushroom Derived Fungus Penicillium herquei YNJ‐35
Authors: Tan Hong‐Yu , Yang Yu , Xu Rui , Zhao Xue , Zhu Shuai‐Ming , Gong He‐Xiang , Wang Zi‐Lin , Lu Yue , Liu Hong‐Wei , Li Chang‐Wei
Published: August 2023

A new polyaromatic metabolite, ent‐herqueidiketal (1), and a new phenalenone derivative, epi‐peniciherqueinone (2), along with twelve known compounds 3–14, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium herquei YNJ‐35, a symbiotic fungus of Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus collected from Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. The structures of 1–14 and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by their spectroscopic data or by their single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis or optical rotation values. Compound 1 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL. In the cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activity against breast cancer MCF‐7 and mice microglial BV2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.58 and 29.56 μM; compound 14 showed stronger cytotoxicity against BV2 and MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 6.57 and 10.26 μM.
Effects of Fluorinated Functionalization of Linker on Quercetin Encapsulation, Release and Hela Cell Cytotoxicity of Cu‐Based MOFs as Smart pH‐Stimuli Nanocarriers
Authors: Parsaei Mozhgan , Akhbari Kamran , Tylianakis Emmanuel , Froudakis George E.
Published: August 2023

Controlled delivery of target molecules is required in many medical and chemical applications. For such purposes, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess desirable features such as high porosity, large surface area, and adjustable functionalities, hold great potential as drug carriers. Herein, Quercetin (QU), as an anticancer drug, was loaded on Cu2(BDC)2(DABCO) and Cu2(F4BDC)2)DABCO) MOFs (BDC=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate and DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). As these Cu‐MOFs have a high surface area, an appropriate pore size, and biocompatible ingredients, they can be utilized to deliver QU. The loading efficiency of QU in these MOFs was 49.5 % and 41.3 %, respectively. The drug‐loaded compounds displayed sustained drug release over 15 days, remarkably high drug loading capacities and pH‐controlled release behavior. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by different characterization technics including FT‐IR, PXRD, ZP, TEM, FE‐SEM, UV‐vis, and BET. In addition, MTT assays were carried out on the HEK‐293 and HeLa cell lines to investigate cytotoxicity. Cellular apoptosis analysis was performed to investigate the cell death mechanisms. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to analyze the interactions between MOFs and QU. Moreover, the stability of MOFs was also investigated during and after the drug release process. Ultimately, kinetic models of drug release were evaluated.