bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ship as an Extension of Flag State Territory and an Entity with Human Attributes – Is it Time to Jettison These Legal Fictions?
Authors: Gauci Gotthard Mark
Published: March 2022

This article questions the need for the use of two legal fictions in modern maritime law: that a vessel/ship can in certain instances be treated as an extension of flag state territory; that a vessel/ship is an entity with human attributes. The article addresses the first ‘fiction’ mainly in the context of applicable international law as well as English law; the second ‘fiction’ is addressed mainly in the context of English law although selective reference is made to both primary and secondary legal sources from the United States. The article concludes that the two fictions are only of limited value in modern maritime law.
The Interrelation Between the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Schengen Agreement: The Ne Bis in Idem Example Through the CJEU Case Law
Authors: Margaritis Konstantinos
Published: March 2022

The ne bis in idem principle is of fundamental nature to the legal order of every democratic society. The concept of this principle refers to the prohibition, on behalf of State authorities, on prosecuting the same person more than once for the same conduct. In two preliminary ruling procedures, the national courts set questions to the Court of Justice regarding the compatibility of articles 54 and 55 CISA respectively with article 50 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In the first case, the Court ruled that article 54 CISA is compatible with article 50 of the Charter whilst, in the second, the Court, essentially, found unnecessary to reply to the question. The aim of this paper is to offer a review on the impact of these two judgments in the formulation of article 50 of the EU Charter and subsequently, propose an alternative approach on the interpretation of this provision, in line with the core of the ne bis in idem principle, in order to underline the significant role of the Charter in the future of the Union.
Similarities and Differences Between the Albanian and Italian Succession Law
Authors: Pupe Ervin , Koka Enkelejda , Venditti Carlo , Picaro Raffaele , Ajazi Rea , Veshi Denard
Published: March 2022

In 1994, Albania codified the current civil code, harmonizing the national legislation with the democratic values of the Western European Countries. This paper fills the gap in the national and international scientific literature since there is no scientific contribution that examines the Albanian law of succession showing the similarities and differences between the Albanian and the Italian civil codes. This is fundamental because according to Article 33 Albanian Private International Law (Albanian Law no. 10 428 of June 2011), which governs cross-border succession law, in the case of immovable goods, the rule of lex rei sitae has been codified. Thus, in the case of immovable goods, the Albanian succession law will be applied to them. In the conclusion, this research demonstrates that the Albanian Law of Succession of 1994 is different in many ways from the rules established in the Italian Civil Code of 1942.
Econometric Issues in Hedonic Property Price Indices: Some Practical Help
Authors: Silver Mick
Published: March 2022

Hedonic regressions are widely used and recommended for property price index (PPI) measurement. Hedonic PPIs control for changes in the quality-mix of properties transacted that can confound measures of change in average property prices. The widespread adoption of the hedonic approach is primarily due to the increasing availability, in this digital age, of electronic data on advertised and transaction prices of properties and their price-determining characteristics. Yet hedonic PPIs are only as good as the underlying estimated hedonic regressions. Regression-based measures are unusual in official economic statistics. There is little technical support in the international Handbooks and Guides for diagnostic measures and graphical plots for estimated regression equations as applied to PPIs. These diagnostics are essential to the transparency and credibility of hedonic PPI measurement. This article seeks to remedy this.
Music and Nationalism
Authors: Nielsen Kristina , Vallejo Jessie
Published: April 2022

This article offers an overview of musical nationalism. It considers how states have used music as a political tool as well as the ways in which communities have employed music to reject national identities and challenge nation-states.
Analisis Histologi dan Scaning Elektron Mikroskopy (SEM) pada Somatik Embriogenesis Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri B)
Authors: Hariyanto Dwika Nano , Handoyo Tri , Dewanti Parawita , Hariyono Kacung , Restanto Didik Pudji
Published: April 2022

Pembentukan Somatik Embriogenesis (SE) porang secara tidak langsung memiliki proses yang lambat, selama ini yang digunakan adalah induksi secara langsung karena dapat mempercepat penyediaan bibit tetapi pengetahuan tentang induksi SE secara tidak langsung sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui tahapan perkembangannya. Kami menyajikan pengetahuan terkait interaksi hormon 2,4-D dan NAA terhadap induksi kalus, histologi dan scanning elektron microscop (SEM) kalus embriogenik tanaman porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah guna mengetahui interaksi pengaruh 2,4-D dan NAA dalam proses induksi SE dan mempelajari tahapan perubahan embrio serta perkembangan struktur embrio tanaman porang. Penelitian ini telah dilangsungkan selama 6 bulan sejak Mei hingga Oktober 2021. Tempat penelitian berada di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Agronomi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 Faktor dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah hormon 2,4-D dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, dan faktor kedua yaitu hormon NAA dengan konsentrasi 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1,5 ppm, 2 ppm, 2,5 ppm, kemudian data yang didapatkan dilakukan analisis deskriptif  dan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan hormon 1 ppm 2,4-D dan 1,5 ppm NAA menghasilkan kalus embriogenik dan pada hasil histologi dan scaning electron mikroskopy (SEM) memperlihatkan tahapan embrio somatik porang meliputi tahapan proembrio, embrio globular, skutelar dan kolioptilar, lalu tahap koleoptilar berkembang ke tahap primodial tunas. Pada konsentrasi 1 ppm 2,4-D dan 1,5 ppm NAA terbentuk proembrio dan embrio globular yang memiliki permukaan proembrio yang  halus.
DOES CLIMB PEAK OF TAX AVOIDANCE FROM CSR AND COMPANY CHARACTERISTICS? STUDY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Taufik Muhammad , Novita Elian Nevi
Published: March 2022

Departing from the realization of declining tax revenues as an indication of the tax aggressiveness existence, this paper addresses the relationship of social values, namely corporate social responsibility (CSR) and company characteristics, namely profitability, firm size, leverage, and capital intensity to three tax avoidance practice schemes, book tax difference (BTD), cash effective tax rate (CAETR), and current effective tax rate (CUETR). We accommodate legitimacy theory to seek CSR rationalization, corporate obligations that are maximize shareholder wealth, and tax regulations determine tax avoidance. The research sample is a company that is listed on the Indonesian stock exchange and publishes sustainability reporting for the 2016-2020 period where the panel data regression technique is used. The descriptive results show that BTD and CAETR do not show tax avoidance practices, on the contrary, CUETR does. The results explain that CSR is carried out based on ethical values-not profit driven, and it is proven that it does not significantly cause tax avoidance. Firm size and capital intensity are not proven to have strong ties to all tax avoidance schemes. Through CUETR, ROA and leverage are used as tools to practice tax avoidance, while BTD and CUETR are not used. This research contributes to tracing CSR driven, shows tax regulations that are used for tax avoidance, and has practical implications to show that ROA and leverage have a tendency to tax aggressiveness tools. Future research should directly examine companies involved in tax avoidance.
FAKTOR DETERMINASI TRANSFER PRICING (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGES PERIODE 2017-2020)
Authors: Gabriella Stephanie Fransisca , Dwi Bimo Kun , Widyatiningsih Tyas , Suryaputri Rossje V.
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of tunneling incentives, bonus plan and firm size as instruments in detecting the company's decision to transfer pricing. The independent variables in this research are tunneling incentives, bonus plan and firm size as well as leverage and firm size as control variables. The sample was taken by purposive sampling method consisting of 60 food and beverages companies of consumer goods industry sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange which have reported complete financial report in period 2017-2020.  Test of hypothesis was using SPSS  25 application.  The results show that tunnelling incentive has positive significant on transfer pricing and fiirm size has weaken positive significant on transfer pricing.  Meanwhile, other independent variable bonus plan has no significant effect.
Women’s Grievances and Land Dispossession: Reading Landscapes through Papuan Independent Films
Authors: Kadir Hatib Abdul
Published: April 2022

Papuan indigenous women depend on forests and gardens. Through forests, women play an important social-economic role in the community; through gardens, women practice care and reciprocity. Tropical forests, plant species, and animals are also their kin relations (Chao, 2018). Nature and culture are deeply intertwined. However, the role of women is disappearing along with deforestation and the large-scale expansion of oil palm plantations. Selecting independent documentary films mostly produced by Papuan Voices, a community network of indigenous Papuan filmmakers, this article describes women’s frustration at being separated from their lands and their discontent at being considered second-class citizens according to customary law. Women's lowly position in the Papuan patrilineal structure is utilized by the plantation industry to dispossess women from their forests and gardens, and thereby threaten their social-economic roles. This article concludes that land dispossession does not serve as a guarantee for development, but is deeply impoverishing.
Acidic Attack Resistance of Cement Mortar Treated with Alkaline
Authors: Sabeeh Nadia Nazhat
Published: March 2022

The negative effect of acidic attack on the properties of concrete and cement mortar is a topic of increasing significance in the recent years. Many attempts has occurred to mitigate this negative impact by improving the properties of concrete and increase resistance to acids by using additives. The present study includes treatment of sand by alkaline material and examine the effect of treatment on cement mortar resistance towards hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. Results show that sand treatment by alkaline material significantly enhance mortar ability to resist acids. In terms of loss weight, the maximum weight rate gain was 25.54% for specimens immersed in Hydrochloric acid with water cement ratio 40%. For specimens immersed in HCl, the average gain in compressive strength is (20.15-19.433)% for w/c (40-45)% respectively. The average gain in modulus of rupture toward the influence of H2SO4 is (18.37–17.99)% for w/c (40-45)%, respectively.
Intracranial aneurysm rupture within three days after receiving mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccination: Three case reports
Authors: Oshida Sotaro , Akamatsu Yosuke , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu , Suzuki Taro , Sasaki Takuto , Kondo Yuki , Fujiwara Shunrou , Kashimura Hiroshi , Kubo Yoshitaka , Ogasawara Kuniaki
Published: March 2022

Background:

Although neurological adverse events have been reported after receiving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, associations between COVID-19 vaccination and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have rarely been discussed. We report here the incidence and details of three patients who presented with intracranial aneurysm rupture shortly after receiving messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines.

Case Description:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of individuals who received a first and/ or second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between March 6, 2021, and June 14, 2021, in a rural district in Japan, and identified the occurrences of aneurysmal SAH within 3 days after mRNA vaccination. We assessed incidence rates (IRs) for aneurysmal SAH within 3 days after vaccination and spontaneous SAH for March 6–June 14, 2021, and for the March 6–June 14 intervals of a 5-year reference period of 2013–2017. We assessed the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of aneurysmal SAH within 3 days after vaccination and spontaneous SAH compared to the crude incidence in the reference period (2013–2017). Among 34,475 individuals vaccinated during the study period, three women presented with aneurysmal SAH (IR: 1058.7/100,000 person-years), compared with 83 SAHs during the reference period (IR: 20.7/100,000 persons-years). IRR was 0.026 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0087–0.12; P < 0.001). A total of 28 spontaneous SAHs were verified from the Iwate Stroke Registry database during the same period in 2021 (IR: 34.9/100,000 person-years), and comparison with the reference period showed an IRR of 0.78 (95%CI 0.53–1.18; P = 0.204). All three cases developed SAH within 3 days (range, 0–3 days) of the first or second dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine by Pfizer/BioNTech. The median age at the time of SAH onset was 63.7 years (range, 44– 75 years). Observed locations of ruptured aneurysms in patients were the bifurcations of the middle cerebral artery, internal carotid-posterior communicating artery, and anterior communicating artery, respectively. Favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale scores, 0–2) were obtained following microsurgical clipping or intra-aneurysm coiling.

Conclusion:

Although the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination appear to outweigh the risks, pharmacovigilance must be maintained to monitor potentially fatal adverse events and identify possible associations.
Influence de la fertilisation azotée et de la concurrence monospécifique de Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton sur le maïs dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Sanou Adama , Yonli Djibril , Issiaka Séré , Traoré Hamidou
Published: April 2022

Au Burkina Faso, le maïs constitue la deuxième céréale en terme de quantité de production. Sa production est confrontée à la pauvreté des sols et la forte infestation des adventices telle que Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton. L’étude a pour objectif de déterminer l’effet de la fertilisation azotée et du niveau de nuisibilité de Rottboellia cochinchinensis sur la productivité du maïs. Les effets de trois doses d’azote 0, 100 et 150 kg/ha d’urée 46 % ont été comparés dans des conditions d’enherbement croissant de R. cochinchinensis. L’estimation de l’infestation potentielle des mauvaises herbes à la mise en place de l’essai révèle 293 graines/m² de R. cochinchinensis. L’apport de 150 kg/ha d’urée a permis de réduire l’effet à 30 Jours d’Enherbement (JE) de R. cochinchinensis par une croissance rapide du maïs et un rendement moyen supérieur à 2,5 t/ha. Cependant une carence d’azote (0 kg/ha) a induit une réduction de 19,5 % la hauteur du maïs entre 70 et 95 JE. De plus, cette carence réduit de 66,66 % le rendement en grain avec 30 JE de maïs comparativement au traitement apport de 150 kg/ha d’urée. Néanmoins un désherbage précoce associée à 150 kg/ha d’urée, permettent de maîtriser l’enherbement de Rottboellia cochinchinensis et d’améliorer la productivité du maïs grain.
The Requirements to Achieve Institutional Excellence at the faculty of graduate studies at king Abdul-Aziz university under the criteria of European Modal (EFQM): متطلبات تحقيق التميّز المؤسّسي بكلية الدراسات العليا التربوية بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز في ضوء النموذج الأوربي (EFQM)
Authors: Nawal Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Sohair Mohamed Hewala Nawal Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Sohair Mohamed Hewala
Published: April 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the requirements for achieving institutional excellence at the faculty of Graduate Studies at King Abdulaziz University under the criteria of European modal (EFQM). The descriptive survey method was followed to achieve the aim of this research. The questionnaire was chosen as a tool to collect data. The sample of this research has consisted of (136) academic leaders, faculty members, and administrators at the Graduate Studies at King Abdulaziz University. The research results showed the required availability level for achieving institutional criteria under the European Modal (EFQM) the university. Whereas the availability of graduate studies faculty showed medium availability. The organizational requirements are considered as a priority than the human requirement and finally the material and technical requirements where it achieved the least important. The results showed that there are no major statistical differences between the responses of the research community members in regards to the availability of requirements to achieve institutional excellence according to type variables. There are statistical differences in the level (0.5) between the average responses of the research samples about requirement availability level to achieve excellence according to the variable of the current job, for the research sample benefit from the leaders.
دور الأكسيناتيد-ناهض مستقبل الببتيد الشبيه بالغلوكاغون1- في العلاج والوقاية من هشاشة العظام المستحدثة باستئصال المبايض عند إناث جرذان ويستر
Authors: سلّات لجين غسان , خطاب مروان عبده , قاسم محمود قاسم
Published: April 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم التأثير الوقائي والعلاجي للأكسيناتيد على هشاشة العظام المستحدثة باستئصال المبايض عند إناث جرذان ويستر. بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن إعطاء الأكسيناتيد بجرعة 10 ميكروغرام/كغ يومياً لمدة 4 أشهر أدت إلى الحد من أعراض هشاشة العظام عند الجرذان مستأصلة المبايض وتجلى ذلك من خلال التغيرات في المستويات المصلية لواسمات الاستقلاب العظمي (زيادة معنوية في التركيز المصلي لكل من الكالسيوم والفوسفور، مصحوباً بانخفاض معنوي في فعالية إنزيم الفوسفاتاز القاعدي)، وتحسن ملحوظ في البنية النسيجية لعظم الفخذ، بالمقارنة مع أفراد المجموعة مستأصلة المبايض. نستخلص من هذه الدراسة فعالية الأكسيناتيد في الحد من التأثيرات الضارة لنقص هرمون المبيض على كل من بنية ووظيفة العظم عند إناث جرذان ويستر.
التأريخ اللغوي لنشأة الخلاف النحوي
Authors: العظامات بسام عواد
Published: April 2022

يتناول البحث التأريخ للخلاف النحوي ومسائله، مبينا ثمرة هذا التأريخ في التوصل إلى صدق النصوص اللغوية عن طريق ربطها بالأحداث الاجتماعية والتاريخية والثقافية المرتبطة بالزمان والمكان الواردة في النصوص من ناحية، وبالعلماء الذين يشكلون جزءا منها من ناحية أخرى، ويترتب على ذلك إعادة النظر في بعض المسلمات في تراثنا اللغوي. تتكون الدراسة من خمسة مباحث، فتناول المبحث الأول التأريخ اللغوي للإرهاصات الأولى للخلاف النحوي للوقوف على الإشارات الأولى للخلاف النحوي، وفي المبحث الثاني تناول التأريخ اللغوي للبداية الحقيقية للخلاف النحوي في القرن الثاني الهجري، أما في المبحث الثالث فتناول التأريخ لمصطلح الكوفيين في كتاب سيبويه، وفي المبحث الرابع تناول التأريخ اللغوي لنضوج الخلاف النحوي وظهور مدارسه في البصرة والكوفة وبغداد، أما المبحث الخامس فتناول التأريخ اللغوي لنماذج من مسائل الخلاف النحوي. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن ما قدمه التأريخ اللغوي للخلاف النحوي يشكل أساسا لإعادة النظر في كثير من مسلمات وقضايا دراسة الخلاف النحوي، وهذا يقود إلى التحول في دراسة الخلاف النحوي من الجهد الفردي إلى الجهد الجماعي، فهي إشكالية لا تقل أهمية عن إشكالية المعجم العربي الذي نهضت بدراسته المجامع اللغوية، وذلك لأن الجهد الفردي لا يكفي لموضوع واسع ومتشعب من ناحية، وأن الجهد الفردي خاضع للأحكام الذاتية المسبقة من ناحية أخرى.
The extent of employment of the constructivist approach on teaching of the grammatical concept from the point of view of teachers of Arabic Language in Jenin Governorate: مدى توظيف المنحى البنائي في تدريس المفاهيم النحوية من وجهة نظر معلمي اللغة العربية في محافظة جنين
Authors: Amna Fathi Al-Saabneh, Ali Hassan Habayeb Amna Fathi Al-Saabneh, Ali Hassan Habayeb
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the extent of employment of the constructivist approach on teaching of the grammatical concepts from the point of view of teachers of Arabic Language in the Jenin Governorate. To achieve the purposes of the study the researcher followed descriptive analytical method, and a questionnaire was prepared as a tool to collect the data. The researcher checked its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was applied to the study sample which consists of (93) male and female teachers, and those who were selected by the stratified random sampling method from the study population represented by all teachers of the Arabic language in Jenin Governorate. The results of the study showed that: The total score for the level of employment of constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts among Arabic teachers in the governorate of Jenin was (4.428) and the relative weight (88.56%). The field of educational activities was ranked first degree, with a relative weight (91.32%) of. The planning field came in second degree, weighing 91.02%. The field of educational methods was ranked third degree, with a relative weight (90.66%), while the area of evaluation was fourth degree, with a relative weight (82.82%). Also results of the study showed a statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) in the means of employing the constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts, according to gender in favour of female teachers and according to school stage in favor of elementary stage. There are no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) in the means of employing the constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts, according to academic degree, teaching experience and school gender. In light of the current study findings, the researcher offers the following recommendation: Preparation of a training program to develop the proficiency of Arabic language teachers in the light of structural theory. Provide means of support to encourage teachers to use teaching strategies based on construction theory. That curriculum developer develop language syllabuses based on constructivism theory.
تنفيذ الزراع لأساليب المكافحة المتكاملة لآفات محصول البصل بمركز قطور محافظة الغربية
Authors: عبد الله حمزة حامد , الكوه علاء محمد , عبد الوهاب صابر محمد
Published: April 2022

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على مستوى تنفيذ الزراع المبحوثين لأساليب المكافحة المتكاملة لآفات محصول البصل بمركز قطور- محافظة الغربية، وتحديد إسهام المتغيرات المستقلة ذات العلاقة الارتباطية في تفسير التباين الحادث في درجة تنفيذهم لهذه الأساليب، والتعرف على الطرق الإرشادية التي يفضلها الزراع المبحوثين للحصول على معارفهم في هذا المجال، والتعرف على أسباب عدم تنفيذهم لهذه الأساليب. تم إجراء هذا البحث بمحافظة الغربية باعتبارها من أكبر محافظات الجمهورية زراعة لمحصول البصل (49981 فدان)، وبنفس المعيار تم اختيار مركز قطور (10235 فدان)، ومنه تم اختيار ثلاث قرى بطريقة عشوائية فكانت قرية أبو جندى، وسملا، والحراملة، تلى ذلك اختيار عينة عشوائية منتظمة بنسبة 10% من زراع القرى الثلاث المختارة فبلغ حجم العينة 179 مبحوث، وقد تمثلت الأساليب الاحصائية المستخدمة في تحليل البيانات وعرض النتائج في: التكرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط الحسابي، والانحراف المعياري، ومعامل الارتباط البسيط لبيرسون، ونموذج التحليل الارتباطي والانحداري المتعدد والتدريجي الصاعد (Step-wise). وتمثلت أهم النتائج فيما يلى: 1- تبين أن 60.3% من المبحوثين ذوي مستوى تنفيذ متوسط للتوصيات الخاصة بالمكافحة الزراعية، وأن 77.7% منهم ذوي مستوى تنفيذ متوسط للتوصيات الخاصة بالمكافحة الكيميائية، وأن قرابة 51% منهم ذوي مستوى تنفيذ متوسط للتوصيات الخاصة بالمكافحة الميكانيكية، وأن قرابة 70% منهم ذوي مستوى تنفيذ منخفض للتوصيات الخاصة بالمكافحة الحيوية. 2- أكثر المتغيرات إسهامًا في تفسير التباين الحادث في المتغير التابع كانت متغيرات: عدد سنوات الخبرة في زراعة محصول البصل، والحالة التعليمية للمبحوث، ومتوسط إنتاج الفدان من محصول البصل، ودرجة التعرض لمصادر المعلومات الزراعية، والرضا عن العائد الاقتصادي من زراعة محصول البصل، ودرجة توفر الخدمات الإرشادية، والغرض من الزراعة، والاتجاه نحو الإرشاد الزراعي. 3- أكثر الطرق الإرشادية التي يفضلها المبحوثين كانت الزيارات الحقلية والمكتبية والندوات والاجتماعات الإرشادية والحقول الإرشادية، بينما كانت أقل الطرق ترتيبًا في تفضيل المبحوثين المطبوعات الإرشادية والانترنت والزيارات المنزلية. 4- تبين أن عدم معرفة المبحوثين بهذه التوصيات وارتفاع أسعار تطبيقها، وانخفاض أسعار البصل، وتدنى دور الإرشاد الزراعي في تطبيق هذه التوصيات كانت أهم أسباب عدم تنفيذهم لهذه الأساليب.
The degree of use of distance education in the schools of the Mafraq Kasbah from the teacher's perspective: درجة استخدام التعليم عن بعد في مدارس قصبة المفرق بالأردن من وجهة نظر المعلمين فيها
Authors: Rania Reda Almashakbeh Rania Reda Almashakbeh
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to identify the degree of use of distance education in the schools of the Mafraq Kasbah from the teacher's perspective. To achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive developmental method is used, The study population consisted of all teachers of the schools of the Directorate of Education for the Mafraq district for the academic year 2020/2021, and a questionnaire consisting of (21) items, Divided into three areas (teachers, students, parents), and its validity and reliability were confirmed, and then it was distributed to the study sample consisting of (320) male and female teachers. They were chosen randomly. The results of the study on the degree of use of distance education in the schools of the Mafraq Kasbah from the teacher's perspective were moderate, on the total domain with an arithmetic mean (2.82), which was high on the domain of teachers, medium on the domain of students, and low on the domain of parents. The results of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences in the estimates of the study sample members of the degree of using distance education in the schools of the Mafraq district in Jordan, according to the gender variable on all fields and on the tool as a whole and in favor of males. To the degree of using distance education in the schools of the Mafraq district in Jordan, according to the variable of the study stage in all fields and on the tool as a whole and in favor of the basic stage. In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the necessity of holding specialized training courses in distance education for teachers and administrators, employing the Ministry of Education in the Mafraq district to follow up education through educational platforms and promoting their use, and providing special requirements for distance education for teachers and students as much as possible.
مناحي تقوى الله في القرآن الكريم
Authors: حداد مروان محمد
Published: April 2022

يهدف هذا البحث بشكل أساسي لكشف العلاقة بين التقوى ومناحيها وارتباطاتها التطبيقية اعتمادا على ما ورد في الآية:﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا﴾( ) وبشكل ثانوي استكمال البحث في كامل القرآن الكريم لتأكيد هذه المناحي والارتباطات. وقد وجد أنّ القرآن الكريم من خلال الآية قد حدّد ثلاثة أهداف لرسالة سيّدنا محمد- ﷺ-، وهي بالأساس الإيمان والتصديق بوجود الله تعالى ووحدانيّته، وكذلك الإيمان بملائكته وكتبه ورسله (شَاهِدًا)... والتوجيه لتطبيق وتحقيق ما ورد في القرآن وتبيان وشرح ما فيه من أوامر ونواه (مُبَشِّرًا) والتحذير من العاقبة والحساب جزاء ما اقترف من أعمال (نَذِيرًا). في مقدمة البحث تم عرض وتوضيح التقوى ومعانيها وتعريفاتها والصيغ التي وردت بها وكذلك أهمية التقوى في الإسلام. وقد جاء في مبحثين: في المبحث الأول تم تحليل مناحي التقوى في القرآن الكريم بما يشمل تصنيف التقوى في ثلاث مناحي مترابطة ومتبادلة هي التقوى الإيمانية والتطبيقية والحسابية. وفي الثاني تم عرض خمس علاقات هامة للتقوى في الإسلام بما يشمل: العلاقة بين الإيمان والتقوى والإخلاص والترابط والتبادل والتكامل في مناحي التقوى وصفات المتقين وطرق تحقيق التقوى والعلاقة ما بين النية والتقوى. المنهج المستخدم بالبحث دمج ما بين المنهج الوصفي والاستقرائي ومنهج تحليل المحتوى. ثم ختم البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائح.
The effect of employing computerized clouds to develop creative thinking among tenth grade students in computer science Irbid Governorate: أثر توظيف السحب المحوسبة في تنمية التفكير الإبداعي في مبحث الحاسوب لدى طلبة الصف العاشر بمحافظة إربد
Authors: Mohammad Abd Al-Hleem Amaireh Mohammad Abd Al-Hleem Amaireh
Published: April 2022

The study aimed at recognizing the effect of cloud computing method (represented by the Google Drive application) on developing tenth grade creative thinking at the computer school subject. The study used the semi-experimental approach. The forty subjects study sample were selected by using the intentional method and divided into 20 unit for both of the experimental and control groups. It was found that using the cloud computing method in teaching, positively affects the tenth graders' creative thinking with its three domains (fluency, originality, and flexibility) and its development. There is significant statistical difference at the ratio of(a 0.05) in the creative thinking scale prepared by the researcher (proved creditable and constant) for the experimental group attributed to the cloud computing teaching method compared to the control group taught by conventional method. For these results the researcher recommend to use cloud computing in all different courses in school.
Challenges and Factors Affecting Localization of Nursing Workforce at Saudi Arabia – A Scoping Review
Authors: Ghada Hamouda, Ohood Felemban, Rahmah Ali Hassan Al- Dhwan Ghada Hamouda, Ohood Felemban, Rahmah Ali Hassan Al- Dhwan
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to identify the challenges and factors that affect the localization of the nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this objective, the study used the scoping review method through reviewing previous studies, where the number of studies reviewed reached (19) studies. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: there is a severe shortage of Gulf human cadres in the field of nursing, due to the low view of the profession, which prevents males and females from working in it. The mixing imposed by the necessities of the profession, and the possibility of the nurse providing services to male patients, which prompts the family not to enroll their daughters in this educational and career path. In addition, the study found that the low salary scale prevents engaging in the nursing profession. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including: educating citizens and spreading adequate awareness of the importance of the nursing profession in society, and changing the society's view of it. In additional to that, the need to develop local nursing competencies through holding training courses and workshops to compete with foreign competencies. also, the study recommended supporting and motivating students to enroll in nursing colleges in the Kingdom, and providing all logistical services from medical supplies, devices, equipment and materials for the health care system. It also recommended providing institutional support to nursing workers and persuading the administrative leadership and its commitment towards the localization of the workforce.
The identification of technical specifications of competency curriculum printing for the second grade in the State of Kuwait with the international standards from science teachers Perspective: مدى تطابق المواصفات الفنية في منهاج الكفايات للصف الثاني الابتدائي بدولة الكويت مع المعايير العالمية من وجهة نظر معلمات العلوم
Authors: Bushra Habbad Althafeeri Bushra Habbad Althafeeri
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to identify the conformity of the technical specifications in printing the competency curriculum for the second grade of primary school in the State of Kuwait with international standards from the point of view of science teachers. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire was used as study instrument. The study used a random sample consisted of 62 female teachers from Al Farwanieh area. The study concluded that the reseah instrument mean was (3.65) for the conformity. As for research dimensions the general form and artistic dimension quality mean was (3.97) with high rating, while technical adjustment of colors, graphics, maps, and photos dimension mean was (3.58) with medium rating. With respect to specifications and conditions for typographical and artistic coordination dimension mean was (3.40) with medium rating. Finally, documentation and references conformity mean was (3.50) with medium rating Based on, the researcher recommended the necessity of paying attention to printing and technical coordination and designing books in accordance with the size and weight of the book and the age stages of the students, and paying attention to the formation of the book sufficiently according to the established level and in an ideal form. Conducting more studies on the specifications and technical conditions for printing the curricula and the extent of their application by the Curriculum Development Department in the State of Kuwait, and comparing their results with the results of the current study.
The Impact of Control Pattern Difference in Mobile Applications on Developing Cognitive achievement among Students with Learning Disabilities at the Primary Level: أثر اختلاف نمط التحكم في التطبيقات النقالة على تنمية التحصيل المعرفي لدى طلاب صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة الابتدائية
Authors: Mazen Mohammed Mutad Alsurayhi Mazen Mohammed Mutad Alsurayhi
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to identify the impact of control pattern difference in mobile applications on developing cognitive achievement among students with learning disabilities at the primary level. The research problem can be summarized in the following main question: What is the impact of control pattern difference in mobile applications on developing the cognitive achievement among students with learning disabilities at the primary level? The researcher used the quasi-experimental method to answer the main question of the research. The experiment was divided into two experimental groups: the first group was subjected to a study with the program control pattern in Mobile applications, and the second group was subjected to a study with the learner control pattern in Mobile applications. The study tool is the achievement test. The research sample consisted of (8) students with learning disabilities in the alphabets at the primary level. The results of the study found that there were statistically significant differences of 0.05 between the average results of the two experimental groups in the cognitive achievement test due to the impact the control pattern difference in mobile applications (program control pattern, learner control pattern) in favor to the program control pattern group. The researcher recommends using the mobile applications with program control pattern while providing alphabets lessons to students with learning disabilities and directing future researches on mobile applications to study the different control patterns and their relevance to ordinary students and special education students.
النساء الأربع اللاتي ضُرِب بِهن المثل في القرآنِ الكريمِ كنموذج للإيمانِ والكفر
Authors: يونس أسماء وجيه
Published: April 2022

لقد ذكرت النساء في القرآن الكريم في مواضع عديدة وخص بعضهن بذكر قصّصهن أو أسمائهن، لكن لا توجد امرأة ذُكِر اسمُها صراحةً في القرآن سوى مريم، وذلك لكون الأسلوب القرآني معهود فيه "الإيجاز المُعجِز". فالأسلوب القرآني الإعجازي الموجز يقتصر على ذكر الطريقة الأقرب إلى تعيين الشخص المُراد والأكثر تحديداً لهويته بحسب ما يقتضينه المقام والسياق، وقد جاء القرآن الكريم بضرب نماذج وأمثلة كثيرة للنساء، من هذا المنطلق تناولت هذه الدراسة الحديث عن الأمثال في القرآن والتي لها بلاغة خاصة لا يدركها إلا العارف بأسرار اللغة العربية، فالحكمة من ضرب الأمثال في القرآن؛ لسهولة الفهم والإدراك والوصول إليه؛ حتى لا يكون لأحد حجة يوم القيامة، فكل الدلائل العقلية والكونية والأدبية تشير بنفس واحد لا إله إلا الله. قامت هذه الدراسة على بيان مفهوم المثل في اللغة والاصطلاح، وكذلك بيان أقسام المثل، فالمثل ينقسم إلى قسمين: المثل الصريح والمثل الكامن، وتناولت هذه الدراسة أنواع المثل في القرآن الكريم كالمثل الرمزي، والقصصي، والطبيعي، وبينت هذه الدراسة أيضاً فوائد الأمثال في القرآن والتي كان من أهمها أن الأمثال تؤثر أكثر من الكلام المجرد ؛لأنها تقرب الصورة وتجلب الانتباه، وتسخر الوهم للعقل، وترفع الحجاب عن القلوب الغافلة وتؤلف المطلوب وتقربه، واستخدمت الباحثة في هذا البحث منهج التفسير التحليلي، والذي يعتبر من أهم مناهج وأساليب التفسير القديمة ؛لأنه يقوم على دراسة كل آية وتحليلها من جميع النواحي اللغوية والفقهية والعقائدية، وقد اختتمت هذه الدراسة بأهم أربعة نماذج من النساء: نموذجان للسيئين ونموذجان للمؤمنين من خلال سورة التحريم، فقد ضرب الله مثلين رائعين فذين لأهل الكفر وأهل الإيمان، لبيان حال الكافرين بطريق التمثيل أنهم يعاقبون على كفرهم وعداوتهم للمؤمنين معاقبة أمثالهم من غير مراعاة نسب أو زوجية أو قرابة أو محاباة، فتعاقب امرأة نوح وامرأة لوط اللتان كانتا في بيت النبوة ولكنهما كفرتا بالله وبالنبي، فلم تفدهما الرابطة الزوجية من عذاب الله شيئا، وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا للمرأة المسلمة التي يتزوجها الكافر، فإن كفر زوجها لم يضرها مع إسلامها شيئا، وجاء هذا المثل الأروع للمؤمنين والمؤمنات للإشارة إلى أن من واجبهم أن يكونوا في الإخلاص وصدق العزيمة وقوة اليقين.
The degree of application of government secondary school principals in Deir Alla district in Jordan to the strategy of self-management and its relationship to administrative creativity from the point of view of teachers: درجة تطبيق مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية في لواء دير علا بالأردن لاستراتيجية الإدارة الذاتية وعلاقتها بالإبداع الإداري من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Badeah Ali Rashid Badeah Ali Rashid
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to identify the degree of application of government secondary school principals in Deir Alla district in Jordan to the self-management strategy and its relationship to administrative creativity from the teachers' point of view. This study used the descriptive associative method. Where a questionnaire was prepared in order to measure the degree of application of the self-management strategy. The study population consisted of all secondary school teachers in the Directorate of Education in Deir Allah (2019/2020). The study sample was chosen by stratified random method, and the results of the study showed that the arithmetic averages of the study sample’s estimates for each dimension of the field of self-management ranged between (3.87-3.96) with a high evaluation degree for all dimensions, where the “follow-up and evaluation” dimension came in first place. With an arithmetic average (3.96), it came in second place after "delegating authority" with a arithmetic mean (3.89), and ranked third and last after "professional growth" with an arithmetic mean (3.87), and the arithmetic average for the field as a whole was (3.90) with a high evaluation score as well, and there is a relationship Positive correlation between strategy. Self-management and application of administrative creativity skills for secondary school principals in Deir Alla Education Directorate. In light of these results, the study recommends spreading the organizational culture to implement the self-management strategy. The directorates of education must provide the requirements for implementing the self-management strategy and pay attention to the school’s infrastructure and technology to improve administrative, technical and social communication so that it can practice self-management for this and the skills of administrative creativity.
m-adic residue codes over F_q[v]/(v^s-v) and their applications to quantum codes
Authors: Kuruz Ferhat , Sari Mustafa , Koroglu Mehmet E.
Published: April 2022

Due to their rich algebraic structure, cyclic codes have a great deal of significance amongst linear codes. Duadic codes are the generalization of the quadratic residue codes, a special case of cyclic codes. The $m$-adic residue codes are the generalization of the duadic codes. The aim of this paper is to study the structure of the $m$-adic residue codes over the quotient ring $\frac{{{\mathbb{F}_q}\left[ v \right]}}{{\left\langle {{v^s} - v} \right\rangle }}$. We determine the idempotent generators of the $m$-adic residue codes over $\frac{{{\mathbb{F}_q}\left[ v \right]}}{{\left\langle {{v^s} - v} \right\rangle }}$. We obtain some parameters of optimal $m$-adic residue codes over $\frac{{{\mathbb{F}_q}\left[ v \right]}}{{\left\langle {{v^s} - v} \right\rangle }}$ with respect to Griesmer bound for rings. Furthermore, we derive a condition for $m$-adic residue codes over $\frac{{{\mathbb{F}_q}\left[ v \right]}}{{\left\langle {{v^s} - v} \right\rangle }}$ to contain their dual. By making use of a preserving-orthogonality Gray map, we construct a family of quantum error correcting codes from the Gray images of dual-containing $m$-adic residue codes over $\frac{{{\mathbb{F}_q}\left[ v \right]}}{{\left\langle {{v^s} - v} \right\rangle }}$ and give some examples to illustrate our findings.
Ozone-Driven Online Oxidation of Protein and Peptides within an Electrospray Ionization Source
Authors: Borotto Nicholas , Richards Talitha
Published: April 2022

When combined with mass spectrometry, solution-phase labeling such as oxidative foot printing, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and covalent labeling are powerful tools for the analysis of protein conformation. The throughput of these workflows, however, is frequently limited due to their reliance on slow labeling reactions, proteolysis, and chromato-graphic separations to be fully realized. Here, we present an ozone-driven oxidation reaction that occurs during the electrospray ionization (ESI) process. Selective oxidation of methionine and tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins occurs spontaneously upon the introduction of ozone into the ESI chamber. Trp and Met residues are frequently buried in folded proteins and thus, when applied to natively folded cytochrome C and carbonic anhydrase, little oxidation is observed. When these proteins are denatured and ozonated, a dramatic increase in the number of oxidation events and yield is measured. This methodology’s applicability to any instrument equipped with an ESI source, facile interpretation of results, limited sample handling, high-throughput nature, and rapid labeling reaction makes this technique a promising new tool for the analysis of protein folding.
Ring-Opening Fluorination of Isoxazoles
Authors: Komatsuda Masaaki , Ohki Hugo , Kondo Jr. Hiroki , Suto Ayane , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: April 2022

A ring-opening fluorination of isoxazoles has been developed. By treating isoxazoles with an electrophilic fluorinating agent (Selectfluor®), fluorination followed by deprotonation leads to tertiary fluorinated carbonyl compounds. The present method features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and simple experimental procedure. Diverse transformations of the resulting α-fluorocyanoketones were also demonstrated, furnishing a variety of fluorinated compounds.
Dual Capillary-based Vibrating Sharp-edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI) with On-line Solution-phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Distinguishing Carbohydrates Isomers
Authors: Valentine Stephen , Majuta Sandra , DeBastiani Anthony , Macios Sara , Attanayake Kushani , Li Peng
Published: April 2022

In-droplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to characterize the reactivities of monosaccharide (3 pairs), disaccharide (4 pairs), and glycan (1 pair) isomer compounds. To accomplish in-droplet HDX, capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) employing a dual emitter tip setup is utilized. The solution-phase HDX technique is shown to be extremely reproducible for these measurements such that several different isomer sets can be distinguished by their unique isotopic distributions in the mass spectrum. The results are discussed in light of their applicability toward identifying metabolite compounds in complex metabolomics mixtures.
Automated Stereocontrolled Assembly-Line Synthesis of Organic Molecules
Authors: Fasano Valerio , Mykura Rory , Fordham James , Rogers Jack , Banecki Borys , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder
Published: April 2022

Automation has fuelled dramatic advances in fields such as proteomics and genomics (e.g., in preparation of proteins and nucleic acids),1,2 enabling non-experts to prepare, test and analyse complex biological molecules. However, the field of automated organic synthesis lags far behind, partly because of the complexity and variety of organic molecules. As a result, only a handful of relatively simple organic molecules, requiring a small number of synthetic steps, have been made in an automated fashion. Herein, we report an automated assembly-line synthesis that allows iterative, stereocontrolled formation of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds with high stereochemical fidelity and reproducibility, enabling access to complex organic molecules even by non-synthesis experts. This was achieved on a commercially available robotic platform capable of handling air sensitive reactants and performing low temperature reactions, which enabled six sequenced one-carbon homologations of organoboron substrates to be performed iteratively without human intervention. Together with other automated functional group manipulations, this methodology has been exploited to rapidly build the core fragment of the natural product (+)-kalkitoxin, thus leading the way towards automated organic synthesis.
SISTEMAS DE IA EN LA EXPERIENCIA DEL SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL BRASILEÑO Y LA CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL COLOMBIANA
Authors: Calderon-Valencia Felipe , Perez-Montoya Juan-Jose , De Morais Fausto Santos
Published: March 2022

Objetivo - Analizar en prospectiva la experiencia del Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) y la Corte Constitucional Colombiana (CCC) con la Inteligencia Artificial (IA).
Metodología - En términos de metodología, utilizamos el enfoque cualitativo, donde la técnica de análisis de datos es el análisis de discurso y la unidad de análisis son los documentos oficiales e informes relacionados con tecnologías disruptivas para uso judicial, enfatizando en aquellos dedicados a la “experiencia” colombiana con la IA Pretoria.
Resultado - En América Latina, los Sistemas de IA como Víctor y Pretoria son herramientas capaces de apoyar tareas mecánicas que implican síntesis y predicción en la función judicial de los más altos tribunales de Brasil y Colombia, respectivamente. Sin embargo, no son soluciones mágicas para combatir la congestión de la justicia, aunque sí un cambio positivo que trae la 4ª Revolución Industrial. Los grandes retos, sin embargo, también están en la teoría jurídica a través de un marco ético para el desarrollo, diseño y funcionamiento de la IA. Los sistemas que la usan en contextos judiciales son aún una novedad. Por este motivo su uso por los altos tribunales debe ser observado desde el derecho positivo, pero sobre todo desde la ética para evitar una tiranía del código que impacta las fuentes del derecho, evitando que un algoritmo “decida” los criterios de aplicación del derecho. Los altos tribunales tienen el deber de calibrar e incidir en su diseño, estando a la vanguardia tecnológica, impidiendo su obsolescencia, pero, sobre todo, impidiendo la obsolescencia de la dignidad humana, el trabajo y el poder de deliberación. Todos estos son elementos necesarios para una versión 4.0 del Estados Social de Derecho.
Implicaciones Prácticas - Promover que el diseño y programación de los Sistemas de IA para el uso de los altos tribunales tenga participación directa de sus miembros, pero dentro de un marco ético que impida la obsolescencia de los seres humanos, sus valores y sus derechos.
Originalidad - El presente texto estudia los Sistemas de IA usados para resolver ciertos problemas prácticos de los altos tribunales de Brasil y Colombia, analizando no solo su funcionamiento sino sus posibles mejoras a la luz de teorías en las cuales la programación y diseño deben quedar sometidos al imperio del derecho y un marco ético fundado en los derechos humanos.