bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autogenic versus allogenic controls on the evolution of a coupled fluvial megafan–mountainous catchment system: numerical modelling and comparison with the Lannemezan megafan system (northern Pyrenees, France)
Authors: Mouchené Margaux , van der Beek Peter , Carretier Sébastien , Mouthereau Frédéric
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Alluvial megafans are sensitive recorders of landscape evolution, controlled by both autogenic processes and allogenic forcing, and they are influenced by the coupled dynamics of the fan with its mountainous catchment. The Lannemezan megafan in the northern Pyrenean foreland was abandoned by its mountainous feeder stream during the Quaternary and subsequently incised, leaving a flight of alluvial terraces along the stream network. We use numerical models to explore the relative roles of autogenic processes and external forcing in the building, abandonment and incision of a foreland megafan, and we compare the results with the inferred evolution of the Lannemezan megafan. Autogenic processes are sufficient to explain the building of a megafan and the long-term entrenchment of its feeding river on time and space scales that match the Lannemezan setting. Climate, through temporal variations in precipitation rate, may have played a role in the episodic pattern of incision on a shorter timescale. In contrast, base-level changes, tectonic activity in the mountain range or tilting of the foreland through flexural isostatic rebound do not appear to have played a role in the abandonment of the megafan.
Assimilating solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence into the
terrestrial biosphere model BETHY-SCOPE: Model description and
information content
Authors: Norton Alexander J. , Rayner Peter J. , Koffi Ernest N. , Scholze Marko
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The synthesis of model and observational information using data assimilation can improve our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle, a key component of the Earth's climate-carbon system. Here we provide a data assimilation framework for combining observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and a process-based model to improve estimates of terrestrial carbon uptake, or gross primary production (GPP). We then quantify and assess the constraint SIF provides on the uncertainty of global GPP through model process parameters in an error propagation study. By incorporating one year of satellite SIF observations from the GOSAT satellite, we find that the uncertainty in global annual GPP is reduced by 79 %, from ±13.0 Pg C yr−1 to ±2.8 Pg C yr−1. This improvement is achieved through strong constraint of leaf growth processes and weak to moderate constraint of physiological parameters. We also find that the inclusion of uncertainty in shortwave down radiation forcing has a net-zero effect on uncertainty in GPP when incorporated in the SIF assimilation framework. This study demonstrates the powerful capacity of SIF to reduce uncertainties in process-based model estimates of GPP and the potential for improving our predictive capability of this uncertain carbon flux.
Stable water isotopes in the MITgcm (checkpoint 64w)
Authors: Völpel Rike , Paul André , Krandick Annegret , Mulitza Stefan , Schulz Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We present the first results of the implementation of stable water isotopes in the ocean general circulation model MITgcm. The model is forced with the isotopic content of precipitation and water vapor from an atmospheric general circulation model (NCAR IsoCAM), while the fractionation during evaporation is treated explicitly in the MITgcm. Results of the equilibrium simulation under pre-industrial conditions are compared to observational data and paleoclimate records (the oxygen isotopic composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite). The broad patterns and magnitude of the stable water isotopes in annual mean seawater are well captured in the model, both at the sea surface as well as in the deep ocean. However, the surface water in the Arctic Ocean is not depleted enough, due to the absence of highly depleted precipitation and snow fall and slightly enriched river runoff. This shortcoming is also recognizable in the isotopic composition of the seawater-salinity relationship in mid-latitudes. Deep ocean characteristics of the vertical water mass distribution in the Atlantic Ocean closely resemble observational data. Apart from the systematic offset of the modeled oxygen isotopic composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite towards lower values, the comparison with proxy data shows a good agreement. We summarize that the offset is mainly caused by gametogenic calcification and a matter of choice of the applied paleotemperature equation. Overall, the newly developed stable water isotope package opens wide prospects for long-term simulations in a paleoclimatic context.
Modeling nitrate from land-surface to wells' perforations under agricultural land: success, failure, and future scenarios in a Mediterranean case study
Authors: Levy Yehuda , Shapira Roi H. , Chefetz Benny , Kurtzman Daniel
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Contamination of groundwater resources by nitrate leaching under agricultural land is probably the most troublesome agriculture-related water contamination worldwide. Deep soil sampling (10 m) was used to calibrate vertical flow and nitrogen-transport numerical models of the unsaturated zone under different agricultural land uses. Vegetable fields (potato and strawberry) and deciduous orchards (persimmon) in the Sharon area overlying the coastal aquifer of Israel were examined. Average nitrate-nitrogen fluxes below vegetable fields were 210–290 kg ha−1 yr−1, and under deciduous orchards, 110–140 kg ha−1 yr−1. The output water and nitrate-nitrogen fluxes of the unsaturated zone models were used as input data for a three-dimensional flow and nitrate-transport model in the aquifer under an area of 13.3 km2 of agricultural land. The area was subdivided into four agricultural land uses: vegetables, deciduous orchards, citrus orchards and non-cultivated. Fluxes of water and nitrate-nitrogen below citrus orchards were taken from a previous study in the area. The groundwater flow model was calibrated to well heads by changing the hydraulic conductivity. The nitrate-transport model, which was fed by the abovementioned models of the unsaturated zone, succeeded in reconstructing the average nitrate concentration in the wells. However, this transport model failed in calculating the high concentrations in the most contaminated wells and the large spatial variability of nitrate concentrations in the aquifer. To reconstruct the spatial variability and enable predictions, nitrate fluxes from the unsaturated zone were multiplied by local multipliers. This action was rationalized by the fact that the high concentrations in some wells cannot be explained by regular agricultural activity, and are probably due to malfunctions in the well area. Prediction of the nitrate concentration 40 years in the future with three nitrogen-fertilization scenarios showed that: (i) under the business as usual fertilization scenario, the nitrate concentration (as NO3−) will increase on average by 19 mg L−1; (ii) under a scenario of 25 % reduction of nitrogen fertilization, the nitrate concentration in the aquifer will stabilize; (iii) with a 50 % reduction of nitrogen fertilization, the nitrate concentration will decrease on average by 18 mg L−1.
Cooperative effects of field traffic and organic matter treatments on some compaction-related soil properties
Authors: Mujdeci Metin , Isildar Ahmet Ali , Uygur Veli , Alaboz Pelin , Unlu Husnu , Senol Huseyin
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Soil compaction is a common problem of mineral soils under conventional tillage practices. Organic matter addition is an efficient way of reducing the effects of field traffic in soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of number of tractor passes (one, three, and five) on depth-dependent (0–10 and 10–20 cm) penetration resistance, bulk density, and porosity of clay-textured soil (Typic Xerofluvent) under organic vegetable cultivation practices in the 2010–2013 growing seasons. Fields were treated with farmyard manure (FYM, 35 t ha−1), green manure (GM; common vetch, Vicia sativa L.), and conventional tillage (CT). The number of tractor passes resulted in increases in bulk density and penetration resistance (CT > GM > FYM), whereas the volume of total and macropores decreased. The maximum penetration resistance (3.60 MPa) was recorded in the CT treatment with five passes at 0–10 cm depth, whereas the minimum (1.64 MPa) was observed for the FYM treatment with one pass at 10–20 cm depth. The highest bulk density was determined as 1.61 g cm−3 for the CT treatment with five passes at 10–20 cm depth; the smallest value was 1.25 g cm−3 in the FYM treatment with only one pass at 0–10 cm depth. The highest total and macropore volumes were determined as 0.53 and 0.16 cm3 cm−3 respectively at 0–10 cm depth for the FYM treatment with one pass. The volume of micropores (0.38 cm3 cm−3) was higher at 0–10 cm depth for the FYM treatment with three passes. It can be concluded that organic pre-composted organic amendment rather than green manure is likely to be more efficient in mitigating compaction problems in soil.
Rheological transitions in the middle crust: insights from Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes
Authors: Cooper Frances J. , Platt John P. , Behr Whitney M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. High-strain mylonitic rocks in Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes reflect ductile deformation in the middle crust, but in many examples it is unclear how these mylonites relate to the brittle detachments that overlie them. Field observations, microstructural analyses, and thermobarometric data from the footwalls of three metamorphic core complexes in the Basin and Range Province, USA (the Whipple Mountains, California; the northern Snake Range, Nevada; and Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range, Nevada), suggest the presence of two distinct rheological transitions in the middle crust: (1) the brittle–ductile transition (BDT), which depends on thermal gradient and tectonic regime, and marks the switch from discrete brittle faulting and cataclasis to continuous, but still localized, ductile shear, and (2) the localized–distributed transition, or LDT, a deeper, dominantly temperature-dependent transition, which marks the switch from localized ductile shear to distributed ductile flow. In this model, brittle normal faults in the upper crust persist as ductile shear zones below the BDT in the middle crust, and sole into the subhorizontal LDT at greater depths.In metamorphic core complexes, the presence of these two distinct rheological transitions results in the development of two zones of ductile deformation: a relatively narrow zone of high-stress mylonite that is spatially and genetically related to the brittle detachment, underlain by a broader zone of high-strain, relatively low-stress rock that formed in the middle crust below the LDT, and in some cases before the detachment was initiated. The two zones show distinct microstructural assemblages, reflecting different conditions of temperature and stress during deformation, and contain superposed sequences of microstructures reflecting progressive exhumation, cooling, and strain localization. The LDT is not always exhumed, or it may be obscured by later deformation, but in the Whipple Mountains, it can be directly observed where high-strain mylonites captured from the middle crust depart from the brittle detachment along a mylonitic front.
A Literature Review on Knowledge Management in Organizations
Authors: Si Xue Colin Ting
Published: February 2017

Knowledge management has become a factor that ensures the success of the organizations and the continuity of their businesses. Especially in today’s 21st century, organizations are competing to stay competitive. They must know how to implement and use knowledge management in effective ways. Knowledge has to be used in the organizational process in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of knowledge management and its importance in the organizations. The methods used to complete this paper are collecting data from published journals, conferences paper and books. The result shows that knowledge management is the main key for the organizations to stay competitive. Besides, knowledge management also creates innovation and ideas that are unique from others.
Effects of androgen-deprivation therapy on hypercoagulability in prostate cancer patients: A prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Kaur Harmanpreet , Siemens D. Robert , Black Angela , Robb Sylvia , Barr Spencer , Graham Charles H. , Othman Maha
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but has significant adverse effects, including increasing concern for cardiovascular (CV) and thromboembolic (TE) complications. This study carefully investigates any relationship between ADT use and hypercoagulability as a possible mechanism of these adverse effects.Methods: We performed a prospective, longitudinal study in a cohort of patients with advanced PCa initiating ADT (n=18). Controls included men with biochemical failure after local therapy on watchful waiting (n=10), as well as healthy controls (n=8). Global hemostasis was evaluated using the sensitive global hemostasis assay, thromboelastography (TEG). Patients were evaluated at baseline and every three months for a minimum of 12 months.Results: The results of the TEG studies demonstrated 14/18 (78%) of advanced PCa patients had evidence of a hypercoagulable state before initiating therapy. Significant baseline hypercoagulability was documented in this cohort compared to the two control groups. ADT did not appear to exacerbate hypercoagulability over time as a whole: only 10/18 (56%) patients had TEG findings consistent with hypercoagulability at the end of study. However, 3/18 (17%) PCa patients initiating ADT had significantly new hypercoagulable TEG changes on treatment compared to baseline.Conclusions: This prospective pilot study demonstrates a complex interaction between ADT and hypercoagulable state in men with advanced PCa. TEG abnormalities were mostly associated with volume of cancer as compared to ADT use; however, it is possible that ADT may lead to hypercoagulability in a subset of men, suggesting that sensitive monitoring of coagulation of men on ADT could help identify those at risk of developing CV/TE complications. Study limitations include the relatively small cohort of men followed after initiating ADT and these results require confirmation in a larger trial to rule out subtle effects on hypercoagulability.
WAR Metaphor in the Chinese Economic Media Discourse
Authors: Hu Chunyu , Xu Yuting
Published: February 2017

The economic media discourse depends upon a complex web of metaphors, among which WAR metaphor is worthy of special attention. The data used in this study is comprised of 2566 articles (about 1.2 million words) under the Economy column of China Daily published in 2014. Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) is used as the analytical framework to investigate WAR metaphor in the economic media discourse. This study is governed by the three steps of CMA including metaphor identification, metaphor interpretation and metaphor explanation. The results show that among the selected 62 lemmas, 40 of them have metaphorical instantiations and more than half of all the metaphorical expressions are nouns. Both social resources and individual resources influence metaphor choice. WAR metaphor has the rhetorical function as persuasion, which constructs the cognitive model of competition in the mind of the readers and arouses their emotions; on the other hand, it hides the cooperative principle of economic activities.
The Similarities and Differences between the Arbitration and Judgement Verdicts in Iran’s Laws
Authors: Ghorbanpur Amir Mehdi , Khakestarian Sara
Published: February 2017

The main purpose of current research is to determine the similarities and differences between the arbitration and judgement verdicts in Iran’s laws. The results of current research indicate that there are many differences and similarities in the arbitration and judgement field in Iran’s laws. General similarities, attributes of judge and arbitrator from religious jurisprudence’s view, verdicts in Iran’s internal laws, investigation with reasons, and final sentence in the arbitration and judgement verdicts can be mentioned as some of these similarities. Also about the differences, some cases like: observance of the principles and adducing to the legal articles at the time of composing the verdict, observance of the formalities and judgement provisions in issuance of verdict, verdicts in terms of requesting for the revision, ability to appeal to the Supreme Court, rehabilitation, jurisdiction, protestation, issuance of verdict by judges and arbitrators, procedural conditions in composing the verdict, regard to recite the verdict in terms of being revisable or non-revisable, third-party entry ability, attracting the third-party, features of verdicts in terms of the ability to prove, possibility to issue the request for garnishee and temporary commandment, correction of verdict, the features of verdicts in terms of the res judicata, competence for issuance of reformatory report, competence for issuance of preliminary (interlocutory) decree, moratorium for objecting about the verdict, the third-party’s ability to object about the verdict, having the relative effect, changing the verdict (judge exemption, arbitrator exemption), communication of verdict, the manner of judgement investigation with courts, investigation dependent on provisions of civil judgement rules, investigation dependent on judgement principles (correspondence principle, observance of the defense right of parties), competence for investigation of the legal affairs, start to investigate, the investigation range, the investigation place, being overt or non-overt, investigation and transmission to the another person, difference between arbitration and judgement in the religious jurisprudence and judge and arbitrator positions from the religious jurisprudence are some results obtained at current research.
PLANOS URBANOS E CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE BELÉM
Authors: Tourinho Helena Lúcia Zagury , Lima Davina Bernadete Oliveira
Published: February 2017

Os papéis e funções dos centros das cidades brasileiras sofreram muitas mudanças nas últimas
décadas. O artigo investiga “se” e “como” os planos urbanos de Belém apreenderam tais mudanças.
Mostra que, apesar de estabelecer diretrizes e instrumentos para a preservação do patrimônio
construído, os planos desenvolvidos para essa cidade não aprofundaram a discussão sobre os papéis
e funções do Centro Histórico de Belém, tendo pouca de suas ações previstas sido implementadas.
FLUXO, MIGRAÇÃO E FIXAÇÃO NA CAPITANIA DE SÃO VICENTE: O VETOR DE EXPANSÃO URBANA NO VALE DO PARAÍBA
Authors: Victal Jane , Assumpção Rodrigo Vitorino
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um dos vetores de expansão territorial, no Período Colonial, a partir do litoral em direção ao sertão da Capitania de São Vicente, com ênfase para a ocupação do Vale do Paraíba paulista, em três momentos: a ocupação jesuítica do planalto, a expansão territorial em direção ao Vale do Paraíba e a transposição da Serra da Mantiqueira em direção às minas de ouro. Apresenta ainda como esse caminho se consolidou por meio da cultura cafeeira na região do Vale.
La dramatización musical del romancero en Educación Primaria para el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana
Authors: De Vicente-Yagüe Jara María Isabel , Marco Martínez María
Published: February 2017

La pervivencia de una metodología conductista de raigambre tradicional, sostenida por la enseñanza especializada de materias dispuestas de manera deliberadamente inconexa, merma toda posible realización de proyectos interdisciplinares destinados a la conformación de un currículo integrado y, como consecuencia, el correcto desarrollo de las competencias básicas vigentes en el actual contexto educativo de convergencia europea. En este sentido, se presenta en las áreas de Educación artística y de Lengua castellana y literatura de la etapa de Educación
Primaria una metodología intertextual que conecta poesía y música, a partir de dramatizaciones musicales inspiradas en romances procedentes de la antología Flor nueva de romances viejos de Ramón Menéndez Pidal, musicalizados por el folclorista Joaquín Díaz González, con el fin de desarrollar la competencia social y ciudadana. El carácter social, cooperativo, expresivo, comunicativo y lúdico de la dramatización musical, como instrumento pedagógico, potencia en el alumnado la mejora de sus habilidades sociales, su desarrollo emocional, un comprometido
y responsable trabajo en equipo, la comprensión crítica de la realidad representada, un diálogo respetuoso y solidario y, en definitiva, el ejercicio de una convivencia pacífica y democrática, en conexión con los propósitos perseguidos en la adquisición de la competencia social y ciudadana.
Evaluación de la Orientación y la Tutoría en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Amor Almedina María Isabel
Published: February 2017

Introducción: El presente trabajo de investigación manifiesta la importancia de la orientación y la acción tutorial en el ámbito universitario. Se considera necesario definir y renovar estas funciones, de forma que puedan repercutir satisfactoriamente en la formación del alumnado. Objetivo: Para ello, realizamos un estudio con el alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba con el objetivo de conocer la valoración de esta disciplina durante el curso 2012/2013 y comprobar si la asistencia y el valor a las tutorías está condicionado por determinadas variables. Metodología: El proceso de investigación se realizó a través de un cuestionario compuesto por preguntas abiertas y cerradas respondiendo en una escala Likert. El método utilizado responde a un estudio transversal de carácter descriptivo, no experimental. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el alumnado tiene una percepción baja del modelo de tutoría que se desarrolla en esta universidad, y que su apreciación varía en función del sexo y la edad del alumnado, así como la especialidad de la titulación a la que pertenece. Conclusiones: Se infiere la necesidad de cambiar la concepción del alumnado sobre la funcionalidad y la asistencia a las tutorías, como parte de su proceso académico y no solo como un espacio para la revisión de las calificaciones.
El desarrollo de las competencias emocionales en alumnado de secundaria: perfiles diferenciales en función del sexo
Authors: Peñalva-Vélez Alicia , López-Goñi José-Javier , García-Manso María-Isabel
Published: February 2017

Se valoran las Habilidades Emocionales (HHEE) y el Bienestar Emocional (BE) de una muestra de 190 alumnos (97 hombres y 93 mujeres) de 4º de ESO. Se valoró al alumnado en función de las HHEE y del BE, y se realizó un análisis de clúster en función del BE. En líneas generales el
alumnado presentaba unos buenos índices de HHEE y BE. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en ninguno de los dos. Sí se encontraron diferencias entre mujeres y hombres tanto en HHEE específicas como en componentes del BE.
Entre el alumnado (n = 42) que se encontró con un peor BE la mayoría eran mujeres (n = 27; 64,3%). Los datos de este estudio avalan la teoría de que el BE se asienta sobre unas adecuadas HHEE. Se señala la evidencia de que existen diferencias de género en el desarrollo de las
competencias emocionales de mujeres y hombres, y la necesidad de planificar una educación emocional en el marco del desarrollo curricular ordinario.
Percepción de bienestar en experiencias inclusivas de blended learning
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Alba María , Ortega Carrillo José Antonio
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza el grado de bienestar del alumnado participante en un programa formativo desarrollado en la modalidad de blended learning en el que participan personas con y sin discapacidad auditiva. La pertinencia de esta temática queda justificada por la escasa presencia en la literatura científica de investigaciones sobre educación inclusiva en entornos virtuales.
El estudio exploratorio muestra datos parciales extraídos de un cuestionario de elaboración propia, validado en experiencias anteriores. Los resultados ofrecidos relacionan el grado de cumplimiento de las expectativas del alumnado y la sensación de bienestar percibida durante el desarrollo de la acción formativa, en el contexto inclusivo.
Las conclusiones apuntan a la consecución generalizada de un alto grado de bienestar estimado desde el análisis de evidencias referidas al acompañamiento afectivo y a la personalización de las estrategias, recursos y dinámicas tecnológico-didácticas según las preferencias individuales.
Los indicadores analizados señalan la observancia de la accesibilidad, el fomento de la participación creativa y colaborativa, el disfrute en la convivencia presencial y en línea y la evitación de situaciones de ansiedad, frustración y desgana.
A general model for the estimation of societal costs of lost production and informal care in Italy
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Ghetti Gianni
Published: February 2017

We developed a general model for estimating and comparing disease- and treatment-specific lost paid/unpaid production (due to premature death and reduced ability) and informal care received (due to reduced ability) in Italy, starting from survival, demographic and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) data. Assuming the disease is not selecting a systematically different population in terms of mean wage than the general public, age- and gender-specific yearly production values are estimated combining data from the last Italian Time-Use-Survey on time dedicated to paid and unpaid (household, caring and volunteering) activities, with a) the last Italian Wage-Structure-Survey, for paid activities (Human Capital approach), and b) market prices for an equivalent service, for unpaid production (Proxy Good approach). To avoid double counting, age- and gender-specific maximum care needs are approximated with time dedicated to eating and personal care,reported in TUS. Present monetary values of future productivity and informal care are estimated applying a 3.5% annual discount rate. Lost life years due to a particular condition/treatment are estimated by comparison of its survival curve with the corresponding age- and gender-normalized survival curve of the general Italian population. The degrees of reduced productivity and need for informal care for remaining life years are estimated by comparison of condition-/treatment-specificreported HRQoL data with demographically matched Italian norms. Our results will be useful for cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses conducted from the perspective of the Italian society and we encourage the inclusion of these costs in economic evaluations to allow decision makers to be fully informed about the costs and consequences of their decisions on healthcare interventions.
Entre la sacralisation de la vie et l’essentialisation de la nature humaine : un examen critique du bioconservatisme1
Authors: Le Dévédec Nicolas
Published: February 2017

Souvent qualifiés par leurs détracteurs d’« anti-mélioristes » ou de « bioluddites », les penseurs associés au « bioconservatisme » ont développé au début du vingt et unième siècle une critique vigoureuse des avancées technoscientifiques et biomédicales visant l’amélioration de l’être humain et de ses performances. À travers l’examen de la pensée de deux de ses représentants majeurs, le philosophe Leon Kass et le politologue Francis Fukuyama, cet article propose une lecture critique de la bioéthique conservatrice. Si les bioconservateurs ont le mérite de rappeler la nécessité de tenir compte de l’ancrage vivant irréductible de l’être humain à l’ère de la bioéconomie et de l’exploitation croissante du monde vivant, nous verrons que la conception, sinon religieuse, pour le moins dogmatique de la « nature humaine » qui soutient leur argumentation permet difficilement de répondre aux défis éthiques et politiques soulevés par l’aspiration actuelle à un humain augmenté.
Pourquoi les Français parlent-ils mal anglais ? Les limites de l’action publique dans le domaine du gouvernement des langues
Authors: Garcia Núria
Published: February 2017

Par le biais du cas de la politique d’enseignement de l’anglais, cet article cherche à identifier les facteurs permettant d’expliquer comment un même changement de politique publique produit des effets contrastés selon les pays. Articulant approches d’analyse des politiques publiques et de sociologie politique, il montre comment, dans le cas d’enjeux transsectoriels, la réactivité du système politique à des demandes contradictoires exprimées par les publics cibles et les citoyens est susceptible de conduire à l’inefficacité de l’action publique. L’étude des limites du gouvernement des langues permet de soulever la question plus fondamentale du lien entre démocratie et action publique. La démonstration s’appuie sur une démarche comparative replaçant dans un premier temps le cas français dans le contexte européen avant de le confronter au cas allemand, construit comme similaire.
La gouvernance dans un contexte de décentralisation « en action » : le cas de la régionalisation de la forêt en Outaouais
Authors: Kansa Timothé , Chiasson Guy
Published: February 2017

Ce texte interroge les formes du pouvoir dans le contexte des institutions régionales au Québec. Malgré la masse des travaux de recherche québécois sur la décentralisation, peu d’entre eux ont abordé la réalité des conférences régionales des élus (CRÉ) et encore moins les dynamiques de pouvoir qui y prennent place. En s’appuyant sur les théories de la gouvernance des territoires, nous analysons les responsabilités en matière de planification forestière assumées par la CRÉ de la région de l’Outaouais (CRÉO). L’objectif est de voir dans quelle mesure la décentralisation des responsabilités en matière forestière vers la région de l’Outaouais s’inscrit dans le passage du « gouvernement à la gouvernance » tel que prévu dans la littérature. Trois dimensions typiquement associées à la gouvernance sont scrutées – le brouillage des frontières, la participation et la collaboration verticale – et amènent à nuancer le lien entre décentralisation et gouvernance territoriale.
IMORTANCE OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN VICTIMIZATION
Authors: Novaković Milan , Stojaković Milan , Jovanović Dragan , Marić-Burmazević Joana , Vukadinović-Stojanović Sanja , Stojanović Zlatan
Published: February 2017

AIM: The aim of this study was to show the importance of mental disorders in victimologicanalysis of socio-demographic and psychopathologic characteristics among victims of thesexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the post-war period from January 1st2003. to December 31st 2012.METHODS: Our hypothesis on involvement of mental disorders in victimization was testedon a sample of 150 non-violent female victims with mental and behaviour disorders. Thecontrol group consists of 150 victims of violent victimization. The study has been designed asmulticentric, retrospective form of a matched case-controlled study 1:1, it was statisticallyprocessed through multivariate analyses.RESULTS: In a regressive analysis, violent persons were separated from the non-violent onesby these redicting predictive factors: age (R = 0.731, df = 2, χ2 = 3.341, P = 0.006, OR =0.520 (95%), CI = 0.820-0.950), father's education, mother's education, house, mother'sprostitution, PAS in family, sexual abuse and desire for victimization. Members of the controlgroup had more often lived as lodgers (R = 0.015, χ2 = 4.431, P = 0.007, OR = 0.203, CI =0.390-0.492), with alcohol abuse and high rate of the family violence, nicotinism and sexualabuse. Psychological predictive factors in dividing non-violent from violent victims are:psychoticism (R = 0.791, χ2 = 4.783 df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.749, (95%) CI = 0.368-0,936),HDRS - total: (R = 1.174, χ2 =10.341, df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.770 (95%) CI = 0.650-0.910), incorporation, orientation, depressiveness and destructiveness with significance of P =0.001 in Plutchi's test.CONCLUSION: Sexual violence among mentally disordered persons makes 20.50% of allvictimizations which were committed by patients with personality disorders and neuroticpersons. It has been demonstrated that females in B&H were more exposed to sexual violencebecause of poor mental health protection and increased violence in the family.Transgenerational model of the stress transmission, victimization in microsocial model ofviolence.
Your Comments Here: Contextualizing Technologies, Seeking Records and Supporting Transparency for Citizen Engagement
Authors: Hurley Grant
Published: February 2017

Today, governments the world over are opening decision-making processes to citizen engagement as an aspect of open government. Citizen engagement initiatives may range from making information available and seeking feedback, to highly dynamic processes that transfer authority to communities and individuals. As part of these initiatives, governments are actively using digital technologies to gather, analyze, and store citizen input; activities that in turn create an array of records. My paper surveys a range of digital technologies used by Canadian citizen engagement case initiatives. In linking technologies, recordkeeping and citizen engagement, I present the combined frameworks of the IAP2 Spectrum and archival diplomatics as one method of understanding how recordkeeping and citizen engagement frameworks may be joined. I conclude with a discussion on defining and locating the records of citizen engagement initiatives and how records and recordkeeping may support transparency and trust in citizen engagement.
Counting complete? Finalising the plant inventory of a global biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Treurnicht Martina , Colville Jonathan F. , Joppa Lucas N. , Huyser Onno , Manning John
Published: February 2017

The Cape Floristic Region—the world’s smallest and third richest botanical hotspot—has benefited from sustained levels of taxonomic effort and exploration for almost three centuries, but how close is this to resulting in a near-complete plant species inventory? We analyse a core component of this flora over a 250-year period for trends in taxonomic effort and species discovery linked to ecological and conservation attributes. We show that >40% of the current total of species was described within the first 100 years of exploration, followed by a continued steady rate of description. We propose that <1% of the flora is still to be described. We document a relatively constant cohort of taxonomists, working over 250 years at what we interpret to be their ‘taxonomic maximum.’ Rates of description of new species were independent of plant growth-form but narrow-range taxa have constituted a significantly greater proportion of species discoveries since 1950. This suggests that the fraction of undiscovered species predominantly comprises localised endemics that are thus of high conservation concern. Our analysis provides important real-world insights for other hotspots in the context of global strategic plans for biodiversity in informing considerations of the likely effort required in attaining set targets of comprehensive plant inventories. In a time of unprecedented biodiversity loss, we argue for a focused research agenda across disciplines to increase the rate of species descriptions in global biodiversity hotspots.
A detailed observation of the ejection and retraction of defense tissue acontia in sea anemone (Exaiptasia pallida)
Authors: Lam Julie , Cheng Ya-Wen , Chen Wan-Nan U. , Li Hsing-Hui , Chen Chii-Shiarng , Peng Shao-En
Published: February 2017

Acontia, located in the gastrovascular cavity of anemone, are thread-like tissue containing numerous stinging cells which serve as a unique defense tissue against predators of the immobile acontiarian sea anemone. Although its morphology and biological functions, such as defense and digestion, have been studied, the defense behavior and the specific events of acontia ejection and retraction are unclear. The aim of this study is to observe and record the detailed process of acontia control in anemones. Observations reveal that the anemone,Exaiptasia pallida, possibly controls a network of body muscles and manipulates water pressure in the gastrovascular cavity to eject and retract acontia. Instead of resynthesizing acontia after each ejection, the retraction and reuse of acontia enables the anemone to respond quickly at any given time, thus increasing its overall survivability. Since theExaiptasiaanemone is an emerging model for coral biology, this study provides a foundation to further investigate the biophysics, neuroscience, and defense biology of this marine model organism.
Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms
Authors: Garg Sonali , Suyesh Robin , Sukesan Sandeep , Biju SD
Published: February 2017

The Night Frog genusNyctibatrachus(Family Nyctibatrachidae) represents an endemic anuran lineage of the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India. Until now, it included 28 recognised species, of which more than half were described recently over the last five years. Our amphibian explorations have further revealed the presence of undescribed species of Nights Frogs in the southern Western Ghats. Based on integrated molecular, morphological and bioacoustic evidence, seven new species are formally described here asNyctibatrachus athirappillyensissp. nov.,Nyctibatrachus manalarisp. nov.,Nyctibatrachus pulivijayanisp. nov.,Nyctibatrachus radcliffeisp. nov.,Nyctibatrachus robinmooreisp. nov.,Nyctibatrachus sabarimalaisp. nov. andNyctibatrachus webillasp. nov., thereby bringing the total number of validNyctibatrachus species to 35 and increasing the former diversity estimates by a quarter. Detailed morphological descriptions, comparisons with other members of the genus, natural history notes, and genetic relationships inferred from phylogenetic analyses of a mitochondrial dataset are presented for all the new species. Additionally, characteristics of male advertisement calls are described for four new and three previously known species. Among the new species, six are currently known to be geographically restricted to low and mid elevation regions south of Palghat gap in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and one is probably endemic to high-elevation mountain streams slightly northward of the gap in Tamil Nadu. Interestingly, four new species are also among the smallest known Indian frogs. Hence, our discovery of several new species, particularly of easily overlooked miniaturized forms, reiterates that the known amphibian diversity of the Western Ghats of India still remains underestimated.
MKL1 is an epigenetic mediator of TNF‐α‐induced proinflammatory transcription in macrophages by interacting with ASH2
Authors: Song Mingzi , Fang Fei , Dai Xin , Yu Liming , Fang Mingming , Xu Yong
Published: February 2017

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine that can elicit strong inflammation in macrophages by activating NF‐κB. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is obscure. We show here that megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is an epigenetic mediator of TNF‐α‐induced proinflammatory transcription. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of MKL1 abrogates TNF‐α‐induced transactivation of proinflammatory genes. Proteomic analysis identifies the histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase ASH2 as a potential cofactor for MKL1. In response to TNF‐α stimulation, ASH2 is recruited by MKL1 and interacts with MKL1 to catalyze H3K4 di‐ and trimethylation. ASH2 modulates proinflammatory transcription at least in part by altering the affinity of p65 for target promoters. Together, our data support an interplay between MKL1 and ASH2 to promote TNF‐α‐induced proinflammatory transcription in macrophages.
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Meiners Klaus M. , Ricker Robert , Krumpen Thomas , Katlein Christian , Nicolaus Marcel
Published: February 2017

Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea‐ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow‐ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea‐ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under‐ice light regime, we exploit under‐ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea‐ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea‐ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under‐ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m‐by‐100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under‐ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year‐round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean.
Assessing the accuracy of MISR and MISR‐simulated cloud top heights using CloudSat‐ and CALIPSO‐retrieved hydrometeor profiles
Authors: Hillman Benjamin R. , Marchand Roger T. , Ackerman Thomas P. , Mace Gerald G. , Benson Sally
Published: February 2017

Satellite retrievals of cloud properties are often used in the evaluation of global climate models, and in recent years satellite instrument simulators have been used to account for known retrieval biases in order to make more consistent comparisons between models and retrievals. Many of these simulators have seen little critical evaluation. Here we evaluate the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) simulator by using visible extinction profiles retrieved from a combination of CloudSat, CALIPSO, MODIS, and AMSR‐E observations as inputs to the MISR simulator and comparing cloud top height statistics from the MISR simulator with those retrieved by MISR. Overall, we find that the occurrence of middle‐ and high‐altitude topped clouds agrees well between MISR retrievals and the MISR‐simulated output, with distributions of middle‐ and high‐topped cloud cover typically agreeing to better than 5% in both zonal and regional averages. However, there are significant differences in the occurrence of low‐topped clouds between MISR retrievals and MISR‐simulated output that are due to differences in the detection of low‐level clouds between MISR and the combined retrievals used to drive the MISR simulator, rather than due to errors in the MISR simulator cloud top height adjustment. This difference highlights the importance of sensor resolution and boundary layer cloud spatial structure in determining low‐altitude cloud cover. The MISR‐simulated and MISR‐retrieved cloud optical depth also show systematic differences, which are also likely due in part to cloud spatial structure.
Base‐Promoted Addition of Arylacetonitriles to Terminal Alkynes: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Access to Disubstituted Acrylonitriles
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Peng Youbin , Ouyang Lu , Ren Yanwei , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: February 2017

A base‐promoted nucleophilic addition of arylacetonitriles to terminal alkynes has been described for the first time, providing a simple and straightforward protocol for the synthesis of a range of structurally diverse (Z)‐2,3‐disubstituted acrylonitriles in moderate to excellent yields. Of particular note, the transition metal‐free carbon‐carbon double bond forming reaction is regio‐ and stereoselective under mild conditions. A variety of functional groups can be tolerated on both the arylacetonitrile substrate and the alkyne coupling partner. Moreover, the reaction is easily scalable and the products thus obtained can serve as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of a series of useful substances.

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Direct Access to Isoindolin‐1‐one Scaffolds by Copper‐Catalyzed Divergent Cyclizations of 2‐Formylbenzonitrile and Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Liu Li , Qiang Jian , Bai Shu‐Hua , Sung Hui‐Ling , Miao Chun‐Bao , Li Jian
Published: February 2017

Copper‐catalyzed cascade transformations of 2‐formylbenzonitrile and diaryliodonium salts were carried out to efficiently afford isoindolin‐1‐one scaffolds. The process proceeds through a copper‐catalyzed tandem C–H/N–H arylation, producing two different isoindolin‐1‐one derivatives under different reaction conditions.

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Recent Advances in Perovskite Oxides as Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Tan Peng , Liu Meilin , Shao Zongping , Ni Meng
Published: February 2017

Lithium–oxygen batteries are considered the next‐generation power sources for many applications. The commercialization of this technology, however, is hindered by a variety of technical hurdles, including low obtainable capacity, poor energy efficiency, and limited cycle life of the electrodes, especially the cathode (or oxygen) electrode. During the last decade, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the development of new cathode materials. Among them, perovskite oxides have attracted much attention due to the extraordinary tunability of their compositions, structures, and functionalities (e.g., high electrical conductivities and catalytic activities), demonstrating the potential to achieve superior battery performance. This article focuses on the recent advances of perovskite oxides as the electrode materials in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries. The electrochemical mechanisms of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the surface of perovskite oxides are first summarized. Then, the effect of nanostructure and morphology on ORR and OER activities is reviewed, from nanoparticles to hierarchical porous structures. Moreover, perovskite‐oxide‐based composite electrodes are discussed, highlighting the enhancement in electrical conductivities, catalytic activities, and durability under realistic operating conditions. Finally, the remaining challenges and new directions for achieving rational design of perovskite oxides for nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries are outlined and discussed.
Recessive MYPN mutations cause cap myopathy with occasional nemaline rods
Authors: Lornage Xavière , Malfatti Edoardo , Chéraud Chrystel , Schneider Raphaël , Biancalana Valérie , Cuisset Jean‐Marie , Garibaldi Matteo , Eymard Bruno , Fardeau Michel , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean‐François , Thompson Julie , Carlier Robert‐Yves , Böhm Johann , Romero Norma B. , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: February 2017

Congenital myopathies are phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. We describe homozygous truncating mutations in MYPN in 2 unrelated families with a slowly progressive congenital cap myopathy. MYPN encodes the Z‐line protein myopalladin implicated in sarcomere integrity. Functional experiments demonstrate that the mutations lead to mRNA defects and to a strong reduction in full‐length protein expression. Myopalladin signals accumulate in the caps together with alpha‐actinin. Dominant MYPN mutations were previously reported in cardiomyopathies. Our data uncover that mutations in MYPN cause either a cardiac or a congenital skeletal muscle disorder through different modes of inheritance. Ann Neurol 2017;81:467–473