bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different salt solutions for density separation of conventional and biodegradable microplastic from solid sample matrices
Authors: Schütze Berit , Thomas Daniela , Kraft Martin , Brunotte Joachim , Kreuzig Robert
Published: June 2022

Microplastics are the new emerging pollutants ubiquitously detectable in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fate and behavior, as well as ecotoxicity, are of increasing environmental concern, particularly in sediments and soils as natural sinks. For a global environmental risk assessment, reliable and easy to apply analytical methods are mandatory to obtain comparable data. This is based on the isolation of microplastics out of the solid sample matrices prior to instrumental detection. Thus, this study provides an easy to apply approach for density separation. The technique emerged from a comparative study using different salt solutions to isolate conventional, and for the first time biodegradable, microplastics from different solid sample matrices, i.e., sand, artificial soil, and compost. Four solutions (water, sodium chloride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium bromide) of different densities were applied followed by oxidizing digestion. Finally, the impact of the procedures on size and surface properties of microplastics was tested. Dependent on the sample matrix, the highest recovery rates of 87.3–100.3% for conventional polymers, and 38.2–78.2% for biodegradable polymers, were determined with sodium bromide. It could be shown that the type of solid sample matrix influences the recovery rates and has to be considered when choosing a sample preparation technique.

Graphical abstract
“For whom? By whom?”: critical perspectives of participation in ecological citizen science
Authors: Rautio Pauliina , Tammi Tuure , Aivelo Tuomas , Hohti Riikka , Kervinen Anttoni , Saari Maria
Published: June 2022

This paper is a search for common ground between two natural scientists, two childhood studies and education scholars and two human–animal studies or critical animal studies scholars all working within a shared citizen science project. The search takes the form of a thematic mapping of existing literature on ecological citizen science, with two questions: “Participation on whose terms?”, and “Participation for whose benefit?”. First, we draw from the field of childhood studies to show how the concept of participation can be theorized further. Second, we recontextualize ecological citizen science research from a multispecies perspective, following the non-anthropocentric turn in human and social sciences which has so far drawn limited attention both in educational research and in citizen science projects. We proceed by critically treading the blurry line between predetermined or science-led participation and emergent or participant-led research, forming a fruitful space for examining and reconceptualizing the prevailing human/nature distinction in science and pedagogy. What we end up proposing is not so much a solution to the issues we have located, but rather an invitation to consider participation as a possibility for engaging with the ongoing tensions regarding the apparatuses of power that guide the research practices, researchers’ thinking and ethics. For the democratic ethos of citizen science projects, these observations can result in an ongoing process of asking how would it be possible to make space for various knowledges to be regarded as such: How could different kinds of knowledge co-exist, potentially generating more just worlds?
Evaluation of virtual handles for dental implant manipulation in virtual reality implant planning procedure
Authors: Rantamaa Hanna-Riikka , Kangas Jari , Jordan Maarit , Mehtonen Helena , Mäkelä John , Ronkainen Kimmo , Turunen Markku , Sundqvist Osku , Syrjä Ismo , Järnstedt Jorma , Raisamo Roope
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Many surgical complications can be prevented by careful operation planning and preoperative evaluation of the anatomical features. Virtual dental implant planning in three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment has advantages over three-dimensional projections on two-dimensional screens. In the virtual environment, the anatomical areas of the body can be assessed and interacted with in six degrees-of-freedom. Our aim was to make a preliminary evaluation of how professional users perceive the use of the virtual environment on their field.

Methods

We prepared a novel implementation of a virtual dental implant planning system and conducted a small-scale user study with four dentomaxillofacial radiologists to evaluate the usability of direct and indirect interaction in a planning task.

Results

We found that all four participants ranked direct interaction, planning the implant placement without handles, to be better than the indirect condition where the implant model had handles.

Conclusion

The radiologists valued the three-dimensional environment for three-dimensional object manipulation even if usability issues of the handles affected the feel of use and the evaluation results. Direct interaction was seen as easy, accurate, and natural.
Dublin hospital workers’ mental health during the peak of Ireland’s COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brady Conan , Fenton Caoimhe , Loughran Orlaith , Hayes Blánaid , Hennessy Martina , Higgins Agnes , McLoughlin Declan M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Hospital-based healthcare workers have experienced significant psychological stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim

To evaluate the mental health of hospital workers during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dublin, Ireland.

Methods

Cross-sectional anonymous online survey of hospital workers (n = 377; 181 doctors (48.0%), 166 nurses (44.0%), 30 radiographers (8.0%)), collecting demographic information, COVID-19 exposure history and mental health measures.

Results

There were significant differences between profession groups in gender, experience, COVID-19 infection history, exposure to COVID-19 positive acquaintances, and work areas. Moderate-severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were found in 45.1% (95% CI 40.1–50.1%) of all participants; significantly fewer doctors reported moderate-severe PTSD symptoms (26%; 95% CI 22–36%). A World Health Organisation-5 Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) score ≤ 32, indicating low mood, was reported by 52% (95% CI 47–57%) of participants; significantly fewer doctors reported low mood (46%; 95% CI 39–53%). One-week suicidal ideation and planning were reported respectively by 13% (95% CI 10–16%) and 5% (95% CI 3–7%) of participants with no between-group differences. Doctors reported significantly less moral injury than other groups. There were no significant between-group differences regarding coping styles. Work ability was insufficient in 39% (95% CI 34–44%) of staff; no between-group differences.

Conclusions

Dublin hospital workers reported high levels of PTSD symptoms, mood disturbance, and moral injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning levels of suicidal ideation and planning existed in this cohort. Differences in degrees of post-traumatic stress, moral injury, and wellbeing were found between profession groups, which should be considered when planning any supports.
The Use of a Cooling Crusher to Reduce the Temperature of Olive Paste and Improve EVOO Quality of Coratina, Peranzana, and Moresca Cultivars: Impact on Phenolic and Volatile Compounds
Authors: Nucciarelli Davide , Esposto Sonia , Veneziani Gianluca , Daidone Luigi , Urbani Stefania , Taticchi Agnese , Selvaggini Roberto , Servili Maurizio
Published: June 2022

A new technology used to reduce the temperature of olive paste was applied to the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) mechanical extraction process. The performance of a cooling crusher that was able to counteract the thermal increase that occurs during olive fruit grinding was analyzed to evaluate the effects on the development of volatile compounds and the concentration of hydrophilic phenols in the final product. The volatile profiles and phenolic fraction of EVOOs extracted from three different cultivars (Coratina, Peranzana, and Moresca) were positively affected by the use of lower temperatures during the crushing phase. The volatile fractions showed increases in the total aldehydes, mainly related to the concentrations of (E)-2-hexenal, and reductions in the total alcohols, mainly due to 1-penten-3-ol, 1-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol contents. The use of a lower temperature reduced the level of oxidative processes, protecting the phenolic compounds in the Moresca and Peranzana EVOOs by 17.8 and 12.1%, respectively.
Removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from water and wastewater: a review on the low-cost adsorbents
Authors: Chowdhury Imran Rahman , Chowdhury Shakhawat , Mazumder Mohammad Abu Jafar , Al-Ahmed Amir
Published: June 2022

The presence of lead compounds in the environment is an issue. In particular, supply water consumption has been reported to be a significant source of human exposure to lead compounds, which can pose an elevated risk to humans. Due to its toxicity, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have classified lead (Pb) and its compounds as probable human carcinogens. The European Community Directive and World Health Organization have set the maximum acceptable lead limits in tap water as 10 µg/L. The USEPA has a guideline value of 15 µg/L in drinking water. Removal of lead ions from water and wastewater is of great importance from regulatory and health perspectives. To date, several hundred publications have been reported on the removal of lead ions from an aqueous solution. This study reviewed the research findings on the low-cost removal of lead ions using different types of adsorbents. The research achievements to date and the limitations were investigated. Different types of adsorbents were compared with respect to adsorption capacity, removal performances, sorbent dose, optimum pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time. The best adsorbents and the scopes of improvements were identified. The adsorption capacity of natural materials, industrial byproducts, agricultural waste, forest waste, and biotechnology-based adsorbents were in the ranges of 0.8–333.3 mg/g, 2.5–524.0 mg/g, 0.7–2079 mg/g, 0.4–769.2 mg/g, and 7.6–526.0 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency for these adsorbents was in the range of 13.6–100%. Future research to improve these adsorbents might assist in developing low-cost adsorbents for mass-scale applications.
Spectral analysis of multifractional LRD functional time series
Authors: Ruiz-Medina M. Dolores
Published: June 2022

Long Range Dependence (LRD) in functional sequences is characterized in the spectral domain under suitable conditions. Particularly, multifractionally integrated functional autoregressive moving averages processes can be introduced in this framework. The convergence to zero in the Hilbert-Schmidt operator norm of the integrated bias of the periodogram operator is proved. Under a Gaussian scenario, a weak-consistent parametric estimator of the long-memory operator is then obtained by minimizing, in the norm of bounded linear operators, a divergence information functional loss. The results derived allow, in particular, to develop inference from the discrete sampling of the Gaussian solution to fractional and multifractional pseudodifferential models introduced in Anh et al. (Fract Calc Appl Anal 19(5):1161-1199, 2016; 19(6):1434–1459, 2016) and Kelbert (Adv Appl Probab 37(1):1–25, 2005).
Immersive technologies for tourism: a systematic review
Authors: Pratisto Eko Harry , Thompson Nik , Potdar Vidyasagar
Published: June 2022

This review provides a comprehensive view of immersive technology in tourism by critically analysing prior scholarly work. More specifically, it identifies the recent use of immersive technology in this field and the potential challenges it poses. This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines and involves four key steps—identifying research questions, defining keywords, selecting studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and synthesising results. It focuses on immersive technology in tourism-related peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2012 to 2020. The papers were selected from ten prominent journal databases. Some databases used combinations of search queries but with inclusion and exclusion criteria. This systematic review builds on the existing reviews by adding knowledge regarding state-of-the-art immersive technology usage in tourism and its integration with other technology. This review additionally identifies the potential challenges of implementing immersive technology in tourism. Finally, it presents a set of directions for future research in this space. In practice, the findings from this review can make both software developers and tourism providers aware of the potential of immersive technology in tourism. Software developers might consider appropriate designs that suit such usage, and tourism providers might consider using immersive technology to promote tourism destinations and provide a support system to maximise the benefits of immersive technology.
Albrecht Dürers Versgebet Die sieben Tagzeiten und die Tradition der deutschen Übertragungen der Patris sapientia
Authors: Kulagina Pavlina
Published: June 2022

Im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen Albrecht Dürers Sieben Tagzeiten, eine gereimte Übersetzung des lateinischen Hymnus Patris sapientia, die im Jahr 1510 als Andachtsflugblatt gedruckt wurde. Der Beitrag verortet das Versgebet in der Tradition der deutschen Übertragungen des Hymnus, basierend auf dem Korpus neu erschlossener Textzeugen, und trägt zum besseren Verständnis von Dürers Tätigkeit als Verleger der Einblatt-Druckgraphik sowie seines Verhältnisses zur zeitgenössischen Laienfrömmigkeit bei.
Retrospective Multicenter Real-Life Study on the First-Line Treatment of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in Argentina
Authors: Mahuad Carolina , Victoria Otero , Laura Korin , Enriqueta Martinez , Fernando Warley , Hernán García Rivello , Nancy Cristaldo , Dana Kohan , Marta Zerga , Gonzalo Garate , de los Ángeles Vicente Repáraz María , Florencia Aizpurua , Erica Rojas Bilbao , Susana Cerana , Eugenia Funes Maria , Iliana Plaza , Cecilia Foncuberta , Anahí Vijnovich Baron , Santiago Cranco , Adriana Vitriu , Mariela Gomez , Justina Lavalle , Claudia Casali , Manuela Clavijo , Luciana Melillo , Cecilia Cabral Lorenzo Maria , Augusto Miroli , Laura Fischman , Maximiliano Pavlove , Marcela Miodosky , Silvana Cugliari
Published: June 2022

There are no data in Argentina on the response rates to first-line treatment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) outside clinical trials. A total of 498 patients from 7 public and private hospitals in Argentina were retrospectively examined. The median follow-up was 37.4 months (CI 95% 17.7–63.5). The median time from diagnosis to treatment was 22 days (IQR 14–42), which was significantly longer in public hospitals (49.3 (IC 95% 38.5–60.2) versus 32.5 (IC 95% 27–38); p = 0.0027). A total of 96.8% of patients were treated with ABVD.:84.3% achieved complete remission (CR) and 6.02% partial remission (PR), being the CR rate higher in private hospitals. End-of-treatment metabolic CR was achieved in 85.4% (n = 373). The interim PET scan was widely used in our cohort (70.5%; n = 351), but in only 23.3% (n = 116) was the treatment strategy response-adapted. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 76% (CI 95% 70–81). The 2 and 5-years-OS rates were 91% (CI 95% 88–94%) and 85% (CI 95% 80–89%), respectively. No differences in OS were found between public and private institutions (p = 0.27). This is one of the largest retrospective cHL cohorts reported. In Argentina ABVD is the chemotherapy regimen of choice and, although it is well tolerated, it is not exempt from toxicity. We showed that early initiation of treatment impacts the induction results. Although the use of PET scan is widespread, only a minority of patients was treated with respons- adapted strategies. The use of PET-guided treatment is strongly encouraged.
Effectiveness of interventions to address obesity and health risk behaviours among people with severe mental illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Zavala Gerardo A. , Todowede Olamide , Mazumdar Papiya , Aslam Faiza , Choudhury Asiful Haidar , Jarde Alexander , Khalid Humaira , Reddy Sadananda , Gilbody Simon , Siddiqi Najma
Published: June 2022

Introduction

People with severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to have obesity and engage in health risk behaviours than the general population. The aims of this study are (1) evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that focus on body weight, smoking cessation, improving sleeping patterns, and alcohol and illicit substance abuse; (2) Compare the number of interventions addressing body weight and health risk behaviours in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) v. those reported in published systematic reviews focusing on high-income countries (HICs).

Methods

Intervention studies published up to December 2020 were identified through a structured search in the following database; OVID MEDLINE (1946–December 2020), EMBASE (1974–December 2020), CINAHL (1975–2020), APA PsychoINFO (1806–2020). Two authors independently selected studies, extracted study characteristics and data and assessed the risk of bias. and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool V2. We conducted a narrative synthesis and, in the studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to address body weight, we conducted random-effects meta-analysis of mean differences in weight gain. We did a systematic search of systematic reviews looking at cardiometabolic and health risk behaviours in people with SMI. We compared the number of available studies of LMICs with those of HICs.

Results

We assessed 15 657 records, of which 9 met the study inclusion criteria. Six focused on healthy weight management, one on sleeping patterns and two tested a physical activity intervention to improve quality of life. Interventions to reduce weight in people with SMI are effective, with a pooled mean difference of −4.2 kg (95% CI −6.25 to −2.18, 9 studies, 459 participants, I2 = 37.8%). The quality and sample size of the studies was not optimal, most were small studies, with inadequate power to evaluate the primary outcome. Only two were assessed as high quality (i.e. scored ‘low’ in the overall risk of bias assessment). We found 5 reviews assessing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce weight, perform physical activity and address smoking in people with SMI. From the five systematic reviews, we identified 84 unique studies, of which only 6 were performed in LMICs.

Conclusion

Pharmacological and activity-based interventions are effective to maintain and reduce body weight in people with SMI. There was a very limited number of interventions addressing sleep and physical activity and no interventions addressing smoking, alcohol or harmful drug use. There is a need to test the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of context-appropriate interventions to address health risk behaviours that might help reduce the mortality gap in people with SMI in LMICs.
Linear modal instabilities around post-stall swept finite wings at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Burtsev Anton , He Wei , Zhang Kai , Theofilis Vassilios , Taira Kunihiko , Amitay Michael
Published: June 2022

Linear modal instabilities of flow over untapered wings with aspect ratios$AR=4$and 8, based on the NACA 0015 profile, have been investigated numerically over a range of angles of attack,$\alpha$, and angles of sweep,$\varLambda$, at chord Reynolds numbers$100\le Re\le 400$. Laminar base flows have been generated using direct numerical simulation and selective frequency damping, as appropriate. Several families of unstable three-dimensional linear global (TriGlobal) eigenmodes have been identified and their dependence on geometric parameters has been examined in detail at$Re=400$. The leading global mode A is associated with the peak recirculation in the three-dimensional laminar separation bubble formed on the wing and becomes unstable when recirculation reaches$\textit {O}(10\,\%)$. On unswept wings, this mode peaks in the midspan region of the wake and moves towards the wing tip with increasing$\varLambda$, following the displacement of peak recirculation; its linear amplification leads to wake unsteadiness. Additional amplified modes exist at nearly the same and higher frequencies compared to mode A. The critical$Re$has been identified and it is shown that amplification increases with increasing sweep, up to$\varLambda \approx 10^\circ$. At higher$\varLambda$, all global modes become less amplified and are ultimately stable at$\varLambda =30^\circ$. An increase in amplification of the leading mode with sweep was not observed over the$AR=4$wing, where tip vortex effects were shown to dominate.
Optimizing low-Reynolds-number predation via optimal control and reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhu Guangpu , Fang Wen-Zhen , Zhu Lailai
Published: June 2022

We seek the best stroke sequences of a finite-size swimming predator chasing a non-motile point or finite-size prey at low Reynolds number. We use optimal control to seek the globally optimal solutions for the former and reinforcement learning (RL) for general situations. The predator is represented by a squirmer model that can translate forward and laterally, rotate and generate a stresslet flow. We identify the predator's best squirming sequences to achieve the time-optimal (TO) and efficiency-optimal (EO) predation. For a point prey, the TO squirmer executing translational motions favours a two-fold$L$-shaped trajectory that enables it to exploit the disturbance flow for accelerated predation; using a stresslet mode expedites significantly the EO predation, allowing the predator to catch the prey faster yet with lower energy consumption and higher predatory efficiency; the predator can harness its stresslet disturbance flow to suck the prey towards itself; compared to a translating predator, its compeer combining translation and rotation is less time-efficient, and the latter occasionally achieves the TO predation via retreating in order to advance. We also adopt RL to reproduce the globally optimal predatory strategy of chasing a point prey, qualitatively capturing the crucial two-fold attribute of a TO path. Using a numerically emulated RL environment, we explore the dependence of the optimal predatory path on the size of prey. Our results might provide useful information that help in the design of synthetic microswimmers such asin vivomedical microrobots capable of capturing and approaching objects in viscous flows.
Spin-down of a barotropic vortex by irregular small-scale topography
Authors: Radko Timour
Published: June 2022

This study examines the impact of small-scale irregular topographic features on the dynamics and evolution of large-scale barotropic flows in the ocean. A multiscale theory is developed, which makes it possible to represent large-scale effects of the bottom roughness without explicitly resolving small-scale variability. The analytical model reveals that the key mechanism of topographic control involves the generation of a small-scale eddy field associated with considerable Reynolds stresses. These eddy stresses are inversely proportional to the large-scale velocity and adversely affect mean circulation patterns. The multiscale model is applied to the problem of topography-induced spin-down of a large circularly symmetric vortex and is validated by corresponding topography-resolving simulations. The small-scale bathymetry chosen for this configuration conforms to the Goff–Jordan statistical spectrum. While the multiscale model formally assumes a substantial separation between the scales of interacting flow components, it is remarkably accurate even when scale separation is virtually non-existent.
ALGEBRAIC EXPANSIONS OF LOGICS
Authors: CAMPERCHOLI MIGUEL , CASTAÑO DIEGO NICOLÁS , DÍAZ VARELA JOSÉ PATRICIO , GISPERT JOAN
Published: June 2022

An algebraically expandable (AE) class is a class of algebraic structures axiomatizable by sentences of the form
$\forall \exists ! \mathop{\boldsymbol {\bigwedge }}\limits p = q$
. For a logic L algebraized by a quasivariety
$\mathcal {Q}$
we show that the AE-subclasses of
$\mathcal {Q}$
correspond to certain natural expansions of L, which we call algebraic expansions. These turn out to be a special case of the expansions by implicit connectives studied by X. Caicedo. We proceed to characterize all the AE-subclasses of abelian
$\ell $
-groups and perfect MV-algebras, thus fully describing the algebraic expansions of their associated logics.
LUCRETIUS’ DIDACTICS OF DISGUST
Authors: McCarter Stephanie
Published: June 2022

The plague that closes Lucretius’De Rerum Naturais a spectacle of disgust. Throats sweat with blood (6.47f.); tongues drip with gore (6.1149); breath reeks like rotten cadavers (6.1154f.); drinking water is contaminated when the sick dive into it (6.1174f.); black discharge pours from stomachs (6.1200); foul blood seeps from noses (6.1203); the sick slice off their own hands, feet, and genitals (6.1209f.); dead bodies are entombed by ulcers (6.1271). Again and again Lucretius hits upon domains that have been identified as key disgust elicitors. In Book 6, more than in any other book of the epic, we encounter what istaeter, ‘disgusting’. This adjective appears nine times in the final book (22, 217, 787, 807, 976, 1154, 1200, 1205, and 1266) after showing up one time each in Books 1 (936), 3 (581), and 5 (1126); six times in Book 2 (400, 415, 476, 510, 705, 872); and five times in Book 4 (11, 124, 172, 685, 1176). The vast majority of these instances describe disgust working upon our senses of taste, smell, sight, and even hearing (OLDs.v. 1); that is, ‘primary’ or ‘core’ disgust. At 2.510f., for instance, Lucretius speaks of a substance that istaetrius… / naribus auribus atque oculis orisque sapori(‘more disgusting to noses, ears, eyes, and the taste of the mouth’). But the word can also carry an ethical or moral nuance (OLDs.v. 2), suggesting ‘secondary’ disgust. At 5.1126, for example, the word describes Tartarus, into which thunderbolts ‘scornfully’ hurl sinners (contemptim in Tartara taetra). Here, Lucretius wants his reader to feel a sense of moral aversion to the idea of the Underworld, which throughout the epic he is at pains to prove is nothing but a poetic fiction.
Is septoplasty required whenever anterior septal deviation is present?
Authors: Susaman N , Çetiner H
Published: June 2022

Objective

Post-operative success and patient satisfaction were assessed following septoplasty for mild to severe anterior septal deviation.

Methods

The study included patients with an anterior nasal septal deviation in the form of a ‘C’ shape and close to the nasal valve in the anterior septal area. Deviation severity was classified as severe (group 1), moderate (group 2) or mild (group 3). Open or closed septoplasty procedures were performed. All patients were surveyed twice using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Results

The mean Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score for group 1 was 15.58 ± 2.34 prior to surgery and 6.61 ± 3.29 following surgery. The corresponding pre- and post-surgery scores in group 2 were 11.9 ± 2.82 and 6.3 ± 3.03, respectively. In group 3, these values were 8.28 ± 2.63 and 7.12 ± 3.18, respectively. The mean 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical function value for groups 1 and 2 increased after surgery; in group 3, this value decreased after surgery, but the result was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Septoplasty is very successful for treating moderate or advanced deviations, but great care should be taken when employing septoplasty for mild deviations.
Unto the Next Generations: The Blurring of Binaries and the Re-creation of the Social in Lola Arias's El año en que nací
Authors: SPITZ MARIA C.
Published: June 2022

This study explores the relationships of El año en que nací (The Year I Was Born) (2012) by the Argentine Lola Arias, within the social context of post-dictatorship Chile. Chile was characterized by a repressed and traumatized population whose governments aimed to depoliticize society in an effort to avoid the presumed cause of Augusto Pinochet's seventeen-year authoritarian government – the extreme polarization of politics and the population reflected in media, documents and political rhetoric. By showing the play's strategy of collapsing the binaries that define Chile's polarization, the author posits that El año en que nací not only provides a model that questions what Diana Taylor and others have called the ‘archive’ or stable retainer of memory, but also models an alternative of the social, creating an opening for personal agency on the part of the actors and audience that offers an alternative to the official narrative of polarization.
Female Nudity, Interspecies Sexuality and ‘Horseness’ in Laetitia Dosch's Hate (2018)
Authors: RAMOS-GAY IGNACIO
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse Laetitia Dosch's play Hate, first performed in Lausanne in 2018, in light of recent theories on female nudity, interspecies sexuality and non-human animal subjectivity. Featuring a completely naked woman and a white stallion, the show revolves around the possibility of interspecies communication and the need to re-evaluate the meaning of humankind and animality through theatrical performance. I begin by drawing on Derrida's writings on the subject of shame and nakedness as a means to explore interspecies identification. I then turn to recent ecofeminist theories in order to discuss Dosch's performative criticism of industrial exploitation of non-androcentric ‘others’, as well as the implications behind her dramatization of interspecies sexual intercourse. Finally, I examine how her ‘ventriloquist’ techniques to provide the horse with a voice invite considerations regarding Levinas's concept of ‘the face’ and how that affects animal subjecthood and subjectivity.
Unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot in the adult: an unexpected diagnosis
Authors: Garcia Brás Pedro , Branco Mano Tânia , Sousa Lídia
Published: June 2022

A 40-year-old female is admitted for paroxysmal episodes of exertional dyspnoea, with associated cyanosis, improving with squatting, and a holosystolic murmur radiating to the interscapular area. Echocardiography showed a subaortic ventricular septal defect with left-to-right shunt and overriding aorta. The characteristic murmur prompted us to seek right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Magnetic resonance was performed, confirming Tetralogy of Fallot, and corrective surgery was performed.
Infant’s difficult temperament characteristics predict poor quality of life in parents of infants with complex CHDs post-cardiac surgery
Authors: Golfenshtein Nadya , Lisanti Amy J. , Medoff-Cooper Barbara
Published: June 2022

Background & Aims:

Parents of infants with complex CHDs often describe their infants as especially fussy, irritable, and difficult to sooth, which together with the illness caretaking demands add to their stress. Little is known about how the behavioural style or temperament in the early months after discharge relates to parental quality of life. This study aimed to explore the associations between early infant temperament characteristics and parental quality of life in parents of infants with complex CHD.

Methods:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study, utilised data collected in a previously described multisite randomised clinical trial in the United States. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations of interest.

Findings:

Results demonstrated negative significant associations between most infant temperament subscales and parental quality of life. Higher scores on the Activity (β = −3.03, p = 0.021), Approach (β = −1.05, p = 0.021), Adaptability (β = −3.47, p = 0.004), Intensity (β = −2.78, p = 0.008), Mood (β = −4.65, p < 0.001), and Distractibility (β = −3.36, p = 0.007 were all significantly associated with lower parental quality of life scores, adjusting for parental dyadic adjustment, insurance type, number of medications, and number of unscheduled cardiologist visits.

Conclusions:

Parental perceptions of infant’s difficult behavioural style or temperament characteristics appear to be associated with poorer quality of life in parents of infants with complex CHD post-cardiac surgery. Findings can be used in the screening process of families at potential risk of increased stress and poor illness adaptation and in the design of interventions to target parental mental health in this vulnerable patient population.
You Better Vote: Drag Performers and Voter Mobilization in the 2020 Election
Authors: Kammerer Edward F. , Michelson Melissa R.
Published: June 2022

Drag has long been part of the LGBTQ rights movement. Drag performers play an important role as community leaders and political activists. Today, drag performers are also popular celebrities in the rest of society. This article explores the role of drag performers as community leaders and celebrities in the context of the 2020 presidential election. To understand this, we interviewed drag performers about their experiences using drag to mobilize voters. Research shows that Get Out The Vote (GOTV) efforts are more successful if they are led by volunteers and include trusted messengers while still being unexpected in some way. Drag performers are community leaders and volunteers and, when speaking about politics, deliver unexpected—and thus memorable—messages. The drag performers that we interviewed demonstrate the potential for drag artists to be effective GOTV messengers, in both the LGBTQ community and society more broadly.
Hearing the Musical Resonances of Catastrophe
Authors: ANDERTON ABBY , SPRIGGE MARTHA
Published: June 2022

This collection of articles proposes a theoretical model for understanding and analysing the persistence of music making as a response to urban catastrophe. In the Introduction, the authors present an overview of recent humanistic literature on ruin aesthetics, positioning music as a vital yet overlooked dimension of aesthetic responses to disaster. The forum delves into the moral and ethical complexities of performing in ruins from second-century Jerusalem to contemporary Haiti. By tracing the sound of music in and about ruins, this forum offers a timely reflection on the nature of post-catastrophic music making, proposing new directions for analysing the relationships between music, traumatic memory, and spaces of performance.
Damage and Renewal at the Württembergische Staatstheater, Stuttgart
Authors: POLLOCK EMILY RICHMOND
Published: June 2022

The dual theatre complex of the Württembergische Staatstheater in Stuttgart sustained serious damage during the Second World War. While the larger theatre was eventually able to be repaired, the smaller theatre was destroyed, leading to a multi-phased and controversial process to determine how best to replace it. Many of Stuttgart's citizens publicly pleaded that the smaller theatre should be reconstructed according to its original design, in order to restore its historical beauty and its integrity with the complex. The company's Intendant and numerous architects, however, took a more modern approach that manifested in a variety of proposed designs, including that by Hans Volkart, which opened in 1962. Countering the binary represented by ‘faithful reconstruction’ on one end (Vienna, Munich) and by completely modern designs on the other (West Berlin, Cologne), the case of Stuttgart perhaps serves as a better metaphor for the compromises of continuity and change in post-war culture.
Destroying the Imagined City
Authors: PHILLIPS-HUTTON ARIANA
Published: June 2022

The transformation of rubble into aestheticized ruins turns on the relation of aesthetics, politics, and power alongside questions of memory, imagination, and embodiment. Working outward from this suggestive confluence, I investigate contemporary practices of commemorative composition that resituate elements of the historical archive, and so turn sonic rubble into ruin. Using Mary Kouyoumdjian's 2014 composition Bombs of Beirut as an example, I consider how the composer uses witness testimony and archival recordings of wartime sounds from the Lebanese Civil War (1975–90) to first construct, and then destroy, a version of the city of Beirut. In so doing, she engages in what Marianne Hirsch would call a ‘postmemorial act’ that reconfigures the relationships between physical, mental, and social spaces. The resulting palimpsest of meanings not only offers an important contemplative space for approaching the past but also suggests intriguing futures for the musical art of the ruin.
Hearing Global Britishness on the BBC'sCommonwealth of Song(1953–1961)
Authors: NELSON TREVOR R.
Published: June 2022

Part of the United Kingdom's national reconstruction following the Second World War was reforming its self-image as a global power in light of imperial decline. This recasting took place across political and cultural spheres and emphasized the Commonwealth, idealized as a friendly collection of current and former colonies linked by British culture. In this article, I demonstrate how music broadcasting functioned as a site of diplomacy, using white, middle-class taste for light entertainment to reinforce British values at the Empire's twilight. I focus on musical depictions of the Commonwealth on the BBC radio programmeCommonwealth of Song. Using archival records, I reconstruct debates concerning Commonwealth representation and its importance to British citizens. I argue thatCommonwealth of Songwas a site of testing and reformulating new sonic constructions of globally minded ‘Britishness’ in the 1950s, yet conflicting messaging about what musics and people should represent the Commonwealth led to a lukewarm reception.
Always Already and Never Yet: Does China Even Have a Present?
Authors: Lanza Fabio
Published: June 2022

This essay traces how China's changing presents have been represented in Anglo-American discourse and in China studies from the Cold War to today. It shows how, in popular opinion but also in academia, that discourse has displayed a stubborn tendency to explain—or rather explain away—China's presents, configuring them strictly in relation to pasts that can never be overcome and futures that are either never realized or always dangerously looming. This ideological framing has its roots in Cold War anticommunism, which was foundational to China studies in the US, but lingers on to this day, as China's coevalness is continuously denied.
The Present as a Foreign Country: Teaching the History of Now
Authors: Iber Patrick , Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer
Published: June 2022

In recent years, historians have been in increased demand to use their expertise to help understand contemporary events. The forces that are driving news outlets and podcasts to enlist historians for their perspectives on the present are also drawing students into our college classes. This article explores how courses on contemporary US history can use students' desire for historical perspectives on their long now to teach them more broadly about the historian's craft. Working with and against the conceit of the “now,” courses on contemporary US history can provide students a novel way to learn historical theories and methods, identify and work with primary sources, interrogate periodization, and challenge different modes of ahistoricism. Properly conceived and executed, histories of the present offer a challenge to presentism by denaturalizing the familiar.
Has the Adaptation‐Mitigation Binary Outlived Its Value? Indigenous Ways of Knowing Present an Alternative
Authors: Ullmann Anna L. , Kassam Karim‐Aly S.
Published: June 2022

Community‐level actions addressing anthropogenic climate change are paramount to survival. However, there are limitations to the current binary approach which considers adaptation and mitigation as mutually exclusive actions. Drawing from research in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, this commentary demonstrates: (a) Indigenous knowledge, emerging from a deep connectivity to habitat, cumulative over generations, and empirically‐based, is the foundation of ecological calendars; (b) ecological calendars build anticipatory capacity, the ability to envision possible and sustainable futures, for anthropogenic climate change; and (c) this anticipatory approach engages adaptive and mitigative actions to climate change working in tandem to ensure wellbeing and food security. This paper maintains that the adaptation‐mitigation continuum involves foresight and action today in preparation for future change. Furthermore, context‐specific ecological calendars represent an effective mechanism for communities to build and retain knowledge across generations and deep connections to their habitat. Finally, further modeling needs to be undertaken with participation and leadership from Indigenous and rural communities to understand how they use the adaptation‐mitigation continuum for anticipatory action to develop multiple optimal solutions to address environmental change.
Optimizing a Model of Coseismic Rupture for the 22 July 2020MW7.8 Simeonof Earthquake by Exploiting Acute Sensitivity of Tsunami Excitation Across the Shelf Break
Authors: Bai Yefei , Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Cheung Kwok Fai , Ye Lingling
Published: June 2022

The Shumagin seismic gap along the Alaska Peninsula experienced a major,MW7.8, interplate thrust earthquake on 22 July 2020. Several available finite‐fault inversions indicate patchy slip of up to 4 m at 8–48 km depth. There are differences among the models in peak slip and absolute placement of slip on the plate boundary, resulting from differences in data distributions, model parameterizations, and inversion algorithms. Two representative slip models obtained from inversions of large seismic and geodetic data sets produce very different tsunami predictions at tide gauges and deep‐water pressure sensors (DART stations), despite having only secondary differences in slip distribution. This is found to be the result of the acute sensitivity of the tsunami excitation for rupture below the continental shelf in proximity to an abrupt shelf break. Iteratively perturbing seismic and geodetic inversions by constraining fault model extent along dip and strike, we obtain an optimal rupture model compatible with teleseismicPandSHwaves, regional three‐component broadband and strong‐motion seismic recordings, hr‐GNSS time series and static offsets, as well as tsunami recordings at DART stations and regional and remote tide gauges. Slip is tightly bounded between 25 and 40 km depth, the up‐dip limit of slip in the earthquake is resolved to be well‐inland of the shelf break, and the rupture extent along strike is well‐constrained. The coseismic slip increased Coulomb stress on the shallow plate boundary extending to the trench, but the frictional behavior of the megathrust below the continental slope remains uncertain.
Inhibition of glutamate-carboxypeptidase-II in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory cognitive disorders
Authors: Yang Shengtao , Datta Dibyadeep , Elizabeth Woo  , Duque Alvaro , Morozov Yury M. , Arellano Jon , Slusher Barbara S. , Wang Min , Arnsten Amy F. T.
Published: June 2022

Glutamate carboxypeptidase-II (GCPII) expression in brain is increased by inflammation, e.g. by COVID19 infection, where it reduces NAAG stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 3 (mGluR3). GCPII-mGluR3 signaling is increasingly linked to higher cognition, as genetic alterations that weaken mGluR3 or increase GCPII signaling are associated with impaired cognition in humans. Recent evidence from macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) shows that mGluR3 are expressed on dendritic spines, where they regulate cAMP-PKA opening of potassium (K+) channels to enhance neuronal firing during working memory. However, little is known about GCPII expression and function in the primate dlPFC, despite its relevance to inflammatory disorders. The present study used multiple label immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to localize GCPII in aging macaque dlPFC, and examined the effects of GCPII inhibition on dlPFC neuronal physiology and working memory function. GCPII was observed in astrocytes as expected, but also on neurons, including extensive expression in dendritic spines. Recordings in dlPFC from aged monkeys performing a working memory task found that iontophoresis of the GCPII inhibitors 2-MPPA or 2-PMPA markedly increased working memory-related neuronal firing and spatial tuning, enhancing neural representations. These beneficial effects were reversed by an mGluR2/3 antagonist, or by a cAMP-PKA activator, consistent with mGluR3 inhibition of cAMP-PKA-K+ channel signaling. Systemic administration of the brain penetrant inhibitor, 2-MPPA, significantly improved working memory performance without apparent side effects, with largest effects in the oldest monkeys. Taken together, these data endorse GCPII inhibition as a potential strategy for treating cognitive disorders associated with aging and/or neuroinflammation.
Proteomic analysis reveals USP7 as a novel regulator of palmitic acid-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell death
Authors: Saha Sandhini , Verma Rohit , Kumar Chandan , Kumar Bhoj , Dey Amit Kumar , Surjit Milan , Mylavarapu Sivaram V. S. , Maiti Tushar Kanti
Published: June 2022

Nutrient surplus and consequent free fatty acid accumulation in the liver cause hepatosteatosis. The exposure of free fatty acids to cultured hepatocyte and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines induces cellular stress, organelle adaptation, and subsequent cell death. Despite many studies, the mechanism associated with lipotoxicity and subsequent cell death still remains poorly understood. Here, we have used the proteomics approach to circumvent the mechanism for lipotoxicity using hepatocellular carcinoma cells as a model. Our quantitative proteomics data revealed that ectopic lipids accumulation in cells severely affects the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. The palmitic acid (PA) partially lowered the expression of deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 which subsequently destabilizes p53 and promotes mitotic entry of cells. Our global phosphoproteomics analysis also provides strong evidence of an altered cell cycle checkpoint proteins’ expression that abrogates early G2/M checkpoints recovery with damaged DNA and induced mitotic catastrophe leading to hepatocyte death. We observe that palmitic acid prefers apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) mediated cell death by depolarizing mitochondria and translocating AIF to the nucleus. In summary, the present study provides evidence of PA-induced hepatocellular death mediated by deubiquitinase USP7 downregulation and subsequent mitotic catastrophe.
Branched actin networks are organized for asymmetric force production during clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells
Authors: Jin Meiyan , Shirazinejad Cyna , Wang Bowen , Yan Amy , Schöneberg Johannes , Upadhyayula Srigokul , Xu Ke , Drubin David G.
Published: June 2022

Actin assembly facilitates vesicle formation in several trafficking pathways, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Interestingly, actin does not assemble at all CME sites in mammalian cells. How actin networks are organized with respect to mammalian CME sites and how assembly forces are harnessed, are not fully understood. Here, branched actin network geometry at CME sites was analyzed using three different advanced imaging approaches. When endocytic dynamics of unperturbed CME sites are compared, sites with actin assembly show a distinct signature, a delay between completion of coat expansion and vesicle scission, indicating that actin assembly occurs preferentially at stalled CME sites. In addition, N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex are recruited to one side of CME sites, where they are positioned to stimulate asymmetric actin assembly and force production. We propose that actin assembles preferentially at stalled CME sites where it pulls vesicles into the cell asymmetrically, much as a bottle opener pulls off a bottle cap.