bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy and the Transition Equations
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

This chapter introduces the mathematics of spectroscopy with analytical calculus. The resulting equations feature a separation of quantum number (n) and physical parameters so that the assignment of quantum transitions in a spectrum can lead to the extraction of physical information about the size (L or r), mass (m), and temperature (T) of the system. The main body of Chap. 3 takes you from the construction of a wave function through normalization, verification of orthogonality, solution of the energy equation (En) via the Schrödinger equation, and computation of the transition equations (, , ). The transition equations tell us where spectroscopic peaks (spectral lines) will appear on the horizontal axis of a spectrum. They also allow a connection of the horizontal position of a peak to the physical parameters (mass and size) of the atom, ion, or molecule. Although valuable, the transition equation only gives us half of the story. The intensities of the peaks are important too, and these will be computed in Chaps. 4 and 5. The length of the analytical solutions provides a stark contrast to the simplicity and brevity of the solutions using symmetry and group theory in Chaps. 7–9.
Into the Spectroscopic Weeds—Absorption and Emission Intensities
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

The intensities of absorption and emission are proportional to the transition dipole moment integral, and this chapter solves those integrals for the one-dimensional particle in a box (1DPB) and particle on a ring (1DPR) systems. Every step is shown in all solutions. The selection rules are the transition types (Δn) that yield non-zero intensities. The selection rules for the 1DPB system are determined to be Δn = { ± 1, ± 3, ± 5, …}. The general solution (for all Δn) of the selection rules for the 1DPR system behaves badly (goes to ∞) when Δn = ±1. The specific case of Δn = ±1 is computed and the result gives a non-zero value yielding the selection rule for the 1DPR as Δn = { ± 1}. This is consistent with the conservation of momentum when light interacts with rotating systems. The 1DPR intensity value is a constant and does not depend upon the size of the system nor the initial quantum state n. By contrast the 1DPB intensity is proportional to L2 and has a complicated dependence upon n and Δn. The intensities of 1DPB hot bands and overtones are analyzed showing that the intensities of the hot bands are slightly greater than the fundamental and the overtone intensities are much weaker.
Rayleigh and Raman Scattering Intensities
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

The intensities of scattering phenomena have two parts—the classical scattering factor (proportional to ν4) and the quantum scattering factor, which is proportional to the square of the transition polarizability moment integral. This chapter solves the quantum factor for the particle in a box (1DPB) and particle on a ring (1DPR) system. The selection rules for 1DPB Raman scattering are determined to be Δn = { ± 2, ± 4, ± 6, …}. The general solution goes to ∞ for Rayleigh scattering (Δn = 0), so this case is computed yielding a non-zero result. Both Rayleigh and Raman scattering by the 1DPB system are proportional to L4 and have a complicated dependence upon n and Δn. The general solution for the scattering selection rules of the 1DPR system goes to ∞ when Δn = ±2. The calculation of the specific case of Raman scattering when Δn = ±2 results in a non-zero value of 1/8. The special case of Rayleigh scattering Δn = 0 is also computed resulting in a non-zero value of 1/4—the same as the absorption/emission intensity value. The two-photons of light (incident and scattered) can give two units of angular momentum to the rotating system (Δn = +2), subtract two units (Δn = −2), or can result in no change (Δn = 0).
Differential dynamics and direct interaction of bound ligands with lipids in multidrug transporter ABCG2
Authors: Rasouli Ali , Yu Qin , Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh Sepehr , Wen Po-Chao , Kowal Julia , Locher Kaspar P. , Tajkhorshid Emad
Published: December 2022

ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that extrudes a wide range of xenobiotics and drugs from the cell and contributes to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Following our recent structural characterization of topotecan-bound ABCG2, here, we present cryo-EM structures of ABCG2 under turnover conditions in complex with a special modulator and slow substrate, tariquidar, in nanodiscs. The structures reveal that similar to topotecan, tariquidar induces two distinct ABCG2 conformations under turnover conditions (turnover-1 and turnover-2). μs-scale molecular dynamics simulations of drug-bound and apo ABCG2 in native-like lipid bilayers, in both topotecan- and tariquidar-bound states, characterize the ligand size as a major determinant of its binding stability. The simulations highlight direct lipid-drug interactions for the smaller topotecan, which exhibits a highly dynamic binding mode. In contrast, the larger tariquidar occupies most of the available volume in the binding pocket, thus leaving little space for lipids to enter the cavity and interact with it. Similarly, when simulating ABCG2 in the apo inward-open state, we also observe spontaneous penetration of phospholipids into the binding cavity. The captured phospholipid diffusion pathway into ABCG2 offers a putative general path to recruit any hydrophobic/amphiphilic substrates directly from the membrane. Our simulations also reveal that ABCG2 rejects cholesterol as a substrate, which is omnipresent in plasma membranes that contain ABCG2. At the same time, cholesterol is found to prohibit the penetration of phospholipids into ABCG2. These molecular findings have direct functional ramifications on ABCG2’s function as a transporter.
High abundance of solar wind-derived water in lunar soils from the middle latitude
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Tian Heng-Ci , Zhang Chi , Chaussidon Marc , Lin Yangting , Hao Jialong , Li Ruiying , Gu Lixin , Yang Wei , Huang Liying , Du Jun , Yang Yazhou , Liu Yang , He Huaiyu , Zou Yongliao , Li Xianhua , Wu Fuyuan
Published: December 2022

Remote sensing data revealed that the presence of water (OH/H
2
O) on the Moon is latitude-dependent and probably time-of-day variation, suggesting a solar wind (SW)-originated water with a high degassing loss rate on the lunar surface. However, it is unknown whether or not the SW-derived water in lunar soil grains can be preserved beneath the surface. We report ion microprobe analyses of hydrogen abundances, and deuterium/hydrogen ratios of the lunar soil grains returned by the Chang’e-5 mission from a higher latitude than previous missions. Most of the grain rims (topmost ~100 nm) show high abundances of hydrogen (1,116 to 2,516 ppm) with extremely low δD values (−908 to −992‰), implying nearly exclusively a SW origin. The hydrogen-content depth distribution in the grain rims is phase-dependent, either bell-shaped for glass or monotonic decrease for mineral grains. This reveals the dynamic equilibrium between implantation and outgassing of SW-hydrogen in soil grains on the lunar surface. Heating experiments on a subset of the grains further demonstrate that the SW-implanted hydrogen could be preserved after burial. By comparing with the Apollo data, both observations and simulations provide constraints on the governing role of temperature (latitude) on hydrogen implantation/migration in lunar soils. We predict an even higher abundance of hydrogen in the grain rims in the lunar polar regions (average ~9,500 ppm), which corresponds to an estimation of the bulk water content of ~560 ppm in the polar soils assuming the same grain size distribution as Apollo soils, consistent with the orbit remote sensing result.
Formation of dissipative structures in microscopic models of mixtures with species interconversion
Authors: Longo Thomas J. , Shumovskyi Nikolay A. , Uralcan Betül , Buldyrev Sergey V. , Anisimov Mikhail A. , Debenedetti Pablo G.
Published: December 2022

The separation of substances into different phases is ubiquitous in nature and important scientifically and technologically. This phenomenon may become drastically different if the species involved, whether molecules or supramolecular assemblies, interconvert. In the presence of an external force large enough to overcome energetic differences between the interconvertible species (forced interconversion), the two alternative species will be present in equal amounts, and the striking phenomenon of steady-state, restricted phase separation into mesoscales is observed. Such microphase separation is one of the simplest examples of dissipative structures in condensed matter. In this work, we investigate the formation of such mesoscale steady-state structures through Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of three physically distinct microscopic models of binary mixtures that exhibit both equilibrium (natural) interconversion and a nonequilibrium source of forced interconversion. We show that this source can be introduced through an internal imbalance of intermolecular forces or an external flux of energy that promotes molecular interconversion, possible manifestations of which could include the internal nonequilibrium environment of living cells or a flux of photons. The main trends and observations from the simulations are well captured by a nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory of phase transitions affected by interconversion. We show how a nonequilibrium bicontinuous microemulsion or a spatially modulated state may be generated depending on the interplay between diffusion, natural interconversion, and forced interconversion.
Minimal frustration underlies the usefulness of incomplete regulatory network models in biology
Authors: Tripathi Shubham , Kessler David A. , Levine Herbert
Published: December 2022

Regulatory networks as large and complex as those implicated in cell-fate choice are expected to exhibit intricate, very high-dimensional dynamics. Cell-fate choice, however, is a macroscopically simple process. Additionally, regulatory network models are almost always incomplete and/or inexact, and do not incorporate all the regulators and interactions that may be involved in cell-fate regulation. In spite of these issues, regulatory network models have proven to be incredibly effective tools for understanding cell-fate choice across contexts and for making useful predictions. Here, we show that minimal frustration—a feature of biological networks across contexts but not of random networks—can compel simple, low-dimensional steady-state behavior even in large and complex networks. Moreover, the steady-state behavior of minimally frustrated networks can be recapitulated by simpler networks such as those lacking many of the nodes and edges and those that treat multiple regulators as one. The present study provides a theoretical explanation for the success of network models in biology and for the challenges in network inference.
Optimal transmission estimation with dark counts
Authors: Goldberg Aaron Z , Heshami Khabat
Published: December 2022

Transmission measurements are essential from fibre optics to spectroscopy. Quantum theory dictates that the ultimate precision in estimating transmission or loss is achieved using probe states with definite photon number and photon-number-resolving detectors (PNRDs). Can the quantum advantage relative to classical probe light still be maintained when the detectors fire due to dark counts and other spurious events? We demonstrate that the answer to this question is affirmative and show in detail how the quantum advantage depends on dark counts and increases with Fock-state-probe strength. These results are especially pertinent as the present capabilities of PNRDs are being dramatically improved.
Giant saturation absorption of tungsten trioxide film prepared based on the seedless layer hydrothermal method
Authors: Ma Xiaoguang , Hu Fangzhen , Chen Xi , Wang Yimeng , Hao Xiaojian , Gu Min , Zhang Qiming
Published: December 2022

Nonlinear materials have gained wide interest as saturable absorbers and pulse compression for pulsed laser applications due to their unique optical properties. This work investigates the third-order nonlinear phenomenon of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films. The giant nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of WO3 thin films were characterized by Z-scan method at 800 nm. We experimentally observed the giant saturable absorption (SA) and nonlinear refractive index of WO3 thin films prepared by the seedless layer hydrothermal method, with SA coefficient being as high as –2.59 × 105 cm⋅GW−1. The SA coefficient is at least one order of magnitude larger than those of the conventional semiconductors. The nonlinear refractive index n
2 of WO3 film has been observed for the first time in recent studies and the corresponding coefficient can be up to 1.793 cm2⋅GW−1. The large third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response enables WO3 thin films to be promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications in the near-infrared domain.
Conceptual design of DIII-D experiments to diagnose the lifetime of spin polarized fuel
Authors: Garcia A.V. , Heidbrink W.W. , Sandorfi A.M.
Published: December 2022

In magnetic fusion experiments, the cross sections for the D-T and D-3He fusion reactions are increased by as much as 50% if the fuel remains spin polarized parallel to the magnetic field. The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of lifetime measurements of spin polarization, in magnetic fusion relevant conditions, on the DIII-D tokamak using relative changes in charged fusion product (CFP) loss measurements that depend upon the differential fusion cross section dσ/dΩ. Relative measurements that capture changes in the escaping CFP pitch, poloidal, and energy distributions are studied in two realistic TRANSP calculated plasma scenarios: (a) vector-polarized 3He and D pellets are injected into a hot hydrogen plasma to produce thermonuclear reactions, and (b) a tensor-polarized deuterium pellet is injected into an L-mode hydrogen background plasma that includes unpolarized 3He neutral beam injection. Ideal CFP signals in both scenarios show substantial pitch sensitivity to polarization for 14.7 MeV proton detection at a poloidal angle of

−

56

∘

(on the outer wall in the ion

∇
B

direction), and strong sensitivity to polarization for 3.6 MeV alpha flux detection by an array of poloidal detectors. Energy-resolved measurements of 14.7 MeV protons are also sensitive to the degree of polarization for the

−

56

∘

port in the beam-plasma scenario. A realistic assessment of CFP signals in the thermonuclear scenario show count rates in the range of

2
×

10
4

 cps for pitch-resolved proton detection and

2
×

10
5

 cps for alpha flux measurements. Reduced chi-squared

χ

r

2

calculations show polarization lifetime measurements are feasible for either proton or alpha detection of both enhanced or suppressed polarization for the thermonuclear scenario. Measurements of gamma rays produced in the weak

D

+

3

He

→
γ
+

5

Li

branch complement the CFP measurements.
Erratum: Exact quench dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement in a free fermion chain (2021 J. Stat. Mech.
093102)
Authors: Parez Gilles , Bonsignori Riccarda , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: December 2022

The study of the entanglement dynamics plays a fundamental role in understanding the behaviour of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. In the presence of a globally conserved charge, further insights are provided by the knowledge of the resolution of entanglement in the various symmetry sectors. Here, we carry on the program we initiated in Parez et al (2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 L041104), for the study of the time evolution of the symmetry resolved entanglement in free fermion systems. We complete and extend our derivations also by defining and quantifying a symmetry resolved mutual information. The entanglement entropies display a time delay that depends on the charge sector that we characterise exactly. Both entanglement entropies and mutual information show effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large time and subsystem size. Furthermore, we argue that the behaviour of the charged entropies can be quantitatively understood in the framework of the quasiparticle picture for the spreading of entanglement, and hence we expect that a proper adaptation of our results should apply to a large class of integrable systems. We also find that the number entropy grows logarithmically with time before saturating to a value proportional to the logarithm of the subsystem size.
Probabilistic prediction of algal blooms from basic water quality parameters by Bayesian scale-mixture of skew-normal model
Authors: Liu Muyuan , Hu Jing , Huang Yuzhou , He Junyu , Effiong Kokoette , Tang Tao , Huang Shitao , Perianen Yuvna Devi , Wang Feier , Li Ming , Xiao Xi
Published: December 2022

The timeliness of monitoring is essential to algal bloom management. However, acquiring algal bio-indicators can be time-consuming and laborious, and bloom biomass data often contain a large proportion of extreme values limiting the predictive models. Therefore, to predict algal blooms from readily water quality parameters (i.e. dissolved oxygen, pH, etc), and to provide a novel solution to the modeling challenges raised by the extremely distributed biomass data, a Bayesian scale-mixture of skew-normal (SMSN) model was proposed. In this study, our SMSN model accurately predicted over-dispersed biomass variations with skewed distributions in both rivers and lakes (in-sample and out-of-sample prediction R2
ranged from 0.533 to 0.706 and 0.412 to 0.742, respectively). Moreover, we successfully achieve a probabilistic assessment of algal blooms with the Bayesian framework (accuracy >0.77 and macro-F
1 score >0.72), which robustly decreased the classic point-prediction-based inaccuracy by up to 34%. This work presented a promising Bayesian SMSN modeling technique, allowing for real-time prediction of algal biomass variations and in-situ probabilistic assessment of algal bloom.
The evolution of the Fram Strait sea ice volume export decomposed by age: estimating with parameter-optimized sea ice-ocean model outputs
Authors: Yang Yijun , Min Chao , Luo Hao , Kauker Frank , Ricker Robert , Yang Qinghua
Published: December 2022

Sea ice export through the Fram Strait is crucial in the dynamic evolution of Arctic sea ice and can further modulate Arctic sea ice mass balance as well as the ocean thermohaline circulation. In this study, based on outputs from a parameter-optimized and fully physical ocean–sea ice coupled model and sea ice age observation, we estimate sea ice volume (SIV) flux and its age evolution via the Fram Strait. The estimate of mean annual SIV flux is about 1605

±

315 km3 yr−1 without a significant trend for 1979–2021. Combining with sea ice age data, the variation of the sea ice age and its corresponding SIV flux are obtained for 1984–2020. The SIV flux of 1st-year ice significantly increases as expected, but it still contributes very little to the total flux in the 2010s with a proportion of 3.5%. SIV fluxes of different ages in multi-year ice present diverse variations. The proportions of 2nd-year ice and 3rd-year ice in the annual SIV flux show an extreme increase from 6.8% and 25.0% in the 1980s to 49.0% and 38.8% in the 2010s, respectively, while the proportions of 4th-year ice and 5th-year and older (5+ year) ice significantly decrease from 22.8% and 45.0% in the 1980s to 7.1% and 1.6% in the 2010s, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevailing age of annual volume export via Fram Strait shifts from 4th-year and 5+ year ice to 2nd-year and 3rd-year ice around 2007/2008. It is worth noticing that the variation in Fram Strait ice export modulates the variation in Arctic SIV prior to 2008, but the reverse is true after 2008, indicating a decreasing influence of Fram Strait SIV export on Artic SIV variability with decreasing sea ice age. The results are beneficial to promote the understanding of the evolution of Fram Strait SIV export under the warming Arctic.
Non-transformative climate policy options decrease conservative support for renewable energy in the US
Authors: Marlow Thomas , Makovi Kinga
Published: December 2022

Motivated by ongoing partisan division in support of climate change policy, this paper investigates whether, among self-identifying liberals and conservatives, the mere presence of a non-transformative climate policy such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), lowers support for a renewable energy (RE) policy. To interrogate this question, we use a survey experiment asking 2374 respondents about their support for a RE policy when presented with the RE policy alone, and when presented alongside a CCS policy whose funding and implementation leverage independent funding sources. We find that among conservatives, the presence of a CCS policy lowers support for RE. Furthermore, despite the lack of apparent political party cues, when presented with the policy-pair, conservatives tend to view the RE policy in more partisan terms, specifically, less supported by Republicans. Additional experimental conditions with explicit party cues reinforce this interpretation. These findings suggest that the triggering of partisan perceptions even without explicit partisan cues—what we call political anchoring—might be a key impediment to bipartisan support of climate solutions in the U.S. context.
Model validation of hollow core slab with overlay using Response-2000
Authors: Salma S N , Tavio  , Iranata D
Published: December 2022

Hollow Core Slab (HCS) is a precast slab with prestressing system and voids along the span of the slab which serves to reduce its self-weight. For HCS to be able to increase its flexural and shear capacity, an overlay is used on the interface along the length of HCS. Overlay serves to create a continuous surface level and increase the load capacity of the slab. The advantage of using an overlay system, namely strength and serviceability, is available after the element is fully composite against the parent concrete. An analytical study will be carried out using Response-2000 version 1.0.5 program related to flexural behavior using two research configurations. The first configuration is HCS with overlay, with an overlay thickness of 50 mm. The second configuration is HCS without using an overlay. Therefore, the second specimen is referred to as a control specimen. The evaluation of the analysis results was reviewed based on the load-displacement curve, cracking load, displacement at cracking load, peak load, displacement at peak load, and cracking mode. The final result of this study is a form of validation to ensure the flexural behavior of the specimen in analytical modeling is consistent with the specimen in experimental studies.
Long-term climate variabilities across rice food estate of new capital city, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana L , Susanto S , Zaki M K , Setyawan C , Ngadisih
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyse the extreme events and diurnal climate for Indonesia capital city in the Kalimantan islands, called IKN. Dataset was prepared diurnal rainfall data over 60 years based from 1954 to 2015 from APHRODITE database. In addition, extreme hydroclimate event was analysed using SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and ETCCDI (The Expert Team on Climte Change Detction and Index). The results showed that the precipitation trend of IKN was decreased in particular after 1993s and causes drought as extreme events
Performance analysis of hydroponic system on verticulture technique of spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Authors: Putri R E , Feri A , Irriwad P , Hasan A
Published: December 2022

Verticulture technique is a stratified plant cultivation system carried out vertically, either outdoors or indoors. The vertical cultivation system aims to overcome the decline in paddy fields due to the conversion of land to non-agricultural land. This vertical technique is very suitable for narrow land because it does not take up much space. Verticulture or vertical farming has three techniques, namely Hydroponics, Aquaponics, and Aeroponics. Hydroponic plant cultivation with a tower system is in great demand at this time, because the tower used a vertical pipe with water dripping from the top of the tower. Some of the nutrients are absorbed by plants through the roots and some fall to the bottom of the tower which then returns to the storage container, and is ready to be pumped back to the top of the tower. Tower hydroponics has the advantage that on 1 m2 land with a tower height of 1.5 m we can plant 50-80 plant stems, whereas with the usual method only 25-30 plant stems are obtained. This study aims to design and technical test of a hydroponic system with verticulture techniques on spinach. The design results show that with an area of 3 x 2.5 m2, it has 24 towers and 624 plant holes. Each plant hole has 4-6 plant stems. spinach can grow perfectly compared to control plants. The results of these studies indicate that this system is very suitable for a narrow area.
The Utilization of Sentinel-1 Soil Moisture Satellite Imagery for Runoff Coefficient Analysis
Authors: Ramadhan AG M. , Ganara Mawandha Hanggar , Wiji Nur Huda M. , Ngadisih Ngadisih
Published: December 2022

Soil moisture content can provide information about the relationship between runoff coefficient and water availability to increase agricultural productivity and measure potential erosion rates. Observation of soil moisture content sometimes cannot be directly measured. Therefore, the study was conducted to develop practical soil moisture monitoring techniques using Sentinel-1 satellite images. Moisture content measurements obtained from the Sentinel-1 satellite image are pre-processed through the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP), which is then processed using Dubois model to get the soil permittivity value from the backscatter value (σ◦). The moisture content was obtained using Topp’s model. The gravimetric methods in situ soil tests were used to validate the soil moisture content estimation obtained from Sentinel-1 image processing. Based on this research, the Sentinel-1 satellite provides a solution for monitoring soil moisture. The relationship between moisture content and runoff coefficient shows a greater the soil moisture value, the higher the runoff coefficient will obtain. This study proves that the developed land and valley condition has a high runoff coefficient. A high runoff coefficient value has susceptibility to high erosion rates. Sites with similar characteristics need to consider the appropriate land cover to ensure the sustainability of land conservation while still benefiting from agricultural activities.
Effect of delignification and bleaching stages on cellulose purity of oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Susi S , Ainuri M , Wagiman W , Falah M A F
Published: December 2022

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) have not been properly utilized by most palm oil mills and communities in Indonesia. The processing and utilization of OPEFB by palm oil mills are still limited. Due to high cellulose contents, it potentially made into various bioproducts, especially as biomaterials. Therefore, a proper extraction technology is needed to obtain a high level of cellulose purity because alkaline treatment can solely remove a part of hemicellulose and lignin. A higher cellulose content can be obtained by further chemical treatments through the bleaching process. However, no information regarding the difference of the isolation performance method to produce cellulose purity by delignification first or vice versa bleaching as an initial stage. The research determined the purity of EFB cellulose with differences in the sequence of bleaching and alkaline delignification stages. The three methods were carried, namely the first method by bleaching using sodium chlorite 3% two times, followed by delignification of NaOH 10% at room temperature, second method with the same conditions but delignification of NaOH 10% at a temperature of 70-80°C and third method by delignification and continued bleaching under the same conditions. The results showed the bleaching method of sodium chlorite of 2 cycles and continued by alkaline delignification (NaOH 10%) at room temperature resulted in higher cellulose purity than other methods. The FTIR test results indicated the detection of the C-O functional group at a wavelength of 1196 cm-1 and the C-H functional group at a wavelength of 2967 cm-1.
Encapsulation of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), and citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil using a combination of coating materials with complex coacervation method
Authors: Aisyah Y , Sabilla A L , Yunita D
Published: December 2022

Essential oils containing volatile aromatic compounds generally have the ability as antioxidants and antibacterial. By nature, they are easily degraded because of oxygen, light, and high temperatures, so they need to be encapsulated. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the type of essential oils and the combination of coating materials on the physicochemical characteristics of essential oil microcapsules. This study used a Randomized Block Design method with two factors, namely the type of essential oil factor (Pogostemon cablin Benth, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle), and the combination of the coating material factor (gelatin + maltodextrin, gelatin + gum arabic, whey protein isolate + gum arabic). The analysis carried out included encapsulation efficiency and functional groups using FTIR. particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential analysis were carried out on the selected microcapsules based on the results of the encapsulation efficiency analysis. The results showed that the nutmeg oil microcapsules with a combination of whey protein isolate + maltodextrin coating and gelatin + maltodextrin coating material had encapsulation efficiency values of 82.43% and 74.06% higher compared to other treatments. Nutmeg oil microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency tended to have large particle sizes. Nutmeg oil microcapsules that have a small particle size with a combination of gelatin + gum arabic coating material had a particle size of 90.39 d.nm, polydispersity index of 0.639, and zeta potential of (-)38.9 mV. The microcapsules of the three types of essential oils had O-H alcohol functional groups, C-H alkynes, and C=C aromatics.
The addition of dried broccoli (Brassica oleacea L.) leaves can improve the nutrition of noodles
Authors: Devi M , Soekopitojo S , Putri A , Pratikto H , Wibawa A P , Hamid M A
Published: December 2022

Broccoli leaves have a high nutritional content so that they can be used as an additional ingredient in noodle products. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content of noodles with the addition of dried broccoli leaves with different percentage ratios. The treated samples were then measured proximately and all the data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. The result showed that the highest water content, protein content, ash content and fiber content in noodles with the addition of 5% dried broccoli leaves were 39.98% water content, 14.14% protein content, 0.07% ash content and 0.62% fiber content. The highest fat and carbohydrate content in noodles added with dried broccoli leaves is on 3% of the addition. The fat content is 3.56% and the carbohydrate content is 49.56%. These findings indicate that the addition of dried broccoli leaves to noodles increases the nutritional value, especially the fiber and protein content. Broccoli leaves, which have not been used so far, can be used as food ingredients that can increase fiber and protein levels but reduce fat and carbohydrate content in food products with dried broccoli leaves added.
Effect of media on the percentage of Cratoxylum arborescens cutting
Authors: Wahyuningtyas R S , Kartikawati N K , Nirsatmanto A , Sunarti S , Putri A I , Herawan T , Haryjanto L , Santosa P B , Lestari F , Rimbawanto A
Published: December 2022

Gerunggang (Cratoxylum arborescens Blume.) is one of native peat swamp species which good potential for pulp material and rehabilitation. One factor affecting the success of vegetative propagation is rooting media. The objectived of this study was observed the suitability of four rooting medium for gerunggang cuttings i.e: river sand, mixture of peat+ rice husk (3:1), mixture of top soil+rice husk (3:1), and mixture of cocopeat+rice husk (2:1). A number of 20 gerunggang cuttings with 4 replication were tested at four rooting media during 16 weeks observation period. Some parameter were observed i.e: number of shoots, leaves and roots per cutting, length of primary root (cm), rooting speed, rooted percentage (%), and survival percentage (%). Different rooting media significantly affect (p<0.01) on number of buds per cutting and length of primary root. However, the type of rooting media did not significantly affect (p>0.05) to the number of leaves and roots per cutting, rooted percentage (%) and survival percentage (%). High rooting percentage was achieved by media topsoil+ricehusk with average of 67.50%, while the lowest percentage was obtained peat+ricehusk medium with average of 38.75%. A mixture of topsoil+rice husks (3:1) is a best medium for early growth of gerunggang cutting which indicate by best number of buds, leaves and roots per cutting, rooted percentage (%) and survival percentage (%). Survival rate of cutting in this research is ranging from 56.25% - 77.50%.
Coccidiosis in Bali Cattle from Extensive Farm Management
Authors: Nurany W , Attahirah C W , Nuraini D M , Pawestri W , Cahyadi M
Published: December 2022

Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) is an indigenous bovine domesticated in Indonesia and harboring prominent genetic traits for livestock production. Parasite infection, however, may act as a large constraint for the husbandry. Bovine coccidiosis is well-known as a major gastrointestinal protozoa which causes a significant loss due to intestinal damage and drug cost. Coccidia wall is derived from thick structures that lead to disinfection difficulties. Furthermore, the tropical climate largely supports its life cycle throughout the year. This study aims to determine the prevalence of coccidia in Bali cattle with an extensive rearing system at Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Denpasar, Indonesia. All of the samples were evaluated using native and flotation method that was followed by descriptive analysis. Deworming is reportedly a routine activity, but no report on anticoccidial treatment. Eimeria spp. were found in 24.19% fecal samples (15/62). The result indicated that coccidiosis is circulated and being observed less compared to worms in the investigated area.
Effect of size reduction on yellow soybean seed characterization based on colorimetry
Authors: Abadi F R , Masithoh R E , Sutiarso L , Rahayoe S
Published: December 2022

Soybean seed, which is generally yellow in color, is the primary product of soybean plants sold in Indonesian market. To characterize non-destructively, it is necessary to understand the extent to which physical treatment, including size reduction, may affects the color characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of size reduction of soybean seeds on its color parameters. A completely randomized design was performed with particle size factor with five levels and variety factor with four levels. Particle size included: intact seed; >595; 595-250 μm; 250-145 μm; and <145 μm of particle size, while variety included Anjasmoro; Argomulyo; Grobogan and soybean seed obtained from local market. Color parameters which used were L, a*, b*, Hue and C*. The ANOVA with Duncan multiple range test (α=0.05) and PCA were performed to analyze the effect of color parameters to sample classification. The results showed that the L and Hue value was significantly different (p<0.05) for all particle size. The smaller the particle size, the greater the L value and the smaller the Hue value. The L value was also significantly different (p<0.05) for all varieties and was able to classify all varieties. The PCA analysis result in up to 96% of PC-1 and PC-2 showing that size reduction was able to classify all samples based on all parameters; distinct classification of Anjasmoro and local market soybean can be observed. The yellowish color that represented by a* value, showed the higher distance than other parameters.
Improving the performance and physical condition of the intestines of the Lohman MB202 broiler chicken intestine by using fermented local herbs
Authors: Zulhelmi  , Daud M , Allaily
Published: December 2022

This research was conducted to find alternative antibiotics using local microorganisms which are expected to act as probiotics in the digestive tract. The local microorganisms used came from 3 types of herbs from 3 types of land. Crown flowers represent coastal land, ferns represent plantation land and lemongrass represents highland land. This study used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and each treatment had 4 replications (each replication contained 200 chickens). Treatment T1 water, T2 fermented crown flower, T3 fermented fern, and T4 fermented fragrant lemongrass each as much as 2 ml/liter of drinking water. The parameters measured were the performance and gut physical (village height and gut histology) of broiler chickens. Performance is body weight, weight gain, ration consumption, ration efficiency, performance index, and mortality. While the physical condition of the intestine is in the form of villi height and intestinal histology. The results showed that fern as a fermented herb significantly increased the performance index and improved the condition of the intestinal villi. However, the low mortality was significantly indicated by the fermented crown flowers. In conclusion, local fermented ferns have the potential as local microorganisms to replace the role of antibiotics because they can improve the performance and condition of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.
LoRaWAN based early flood alert system using CoAP Protocol
Authors: Raju C. , Krishnamoorthi M. , Hari K. , Moses M.Leeban
Published: December 2022

Flood monitoring is important to reduce the impact of disaster to save lives of people and animals. At present existing systems lack in providing autonomous and infrastructure independent services to stakeholders. Therefore, Alerting flood early gaining interest among nations worldwide to prevent the loss of human life and economic losses. To gather more sensor data for predicting floods with advanced networking standards are important. At present flood alert systems mostly depend on the satellite based or infrastructure based communication systems. As a result, cost and complexity of the system increases. In this paper an idea to implement a flood warning system based on LoRaWAN and non-proprietary hardware and protocol was proposed. Our proposed project overcomes existing infrastructure based dependent services to self-made autonomous services for miles.
Environmental implications of an open dumpsite at Gobichettipalayam in Erode district
Authors: Sridhar S , Poornima M , Sivaram N , Pandiyan Balaganesh , Ramaswamy Geethamani
Published: December 2022

Population growth is a global issue that must be addressed with extreme caution in order to ensure long-term sustainability. India is a developing country experiencing tremendous population growth and urbanization. Small towns and cities contribute less than half of Municipal Solid Waste Generation (MSW) whereas metropolitan cities contribute 70 to 90%. The improper handling of MSW dumping in open land pollutes the ecosystem. It also poses a serious threat to human health. This study aims to comprehend the environmental implications of an open dumpsite in Gobichettipalayam of Erode district. The principal goal of this research is to identify the environmental effects of the chosen dumping site on the surrounding environment. Thus, groundwater and soil samples were collected around the open dumpsite and analyzed for vital physico-chemical characteristics. The soil sample was analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, chloride, acidity and alkalinity and the water samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, COD, BOD, acidity, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and toxic heavy metals. The elevated chloride ranges of soil samples near the dumpsite and the vital water quality parameters COD and BOD (Maximum 3200 and 500ppm) enforces the immediate necessity of converting open dumpsite into a sanitary landfill. The assessment of the open dump and its effects on the ecosystem found possible contamination issues, raising worries about the environment’s long-term viability. Hence the present study provides the way to go for remedial measures and sustainable technology to be implemented near the dumpsite.
Economically Improving the quality of construction through Six Sigma and Cost Benefit Analysis
Authors: Aswin Bharath A , Saravanan M , Ramakrishnan S , Adhithiya Varma B , Mounish S
Published: December 2022

Six Sigma is a quality management tool which is highly effective in manufacturing industries, but implementing the six sigma in construction sector is a challenging task since each and every construction project is involved with huge quantity of money. As we all know that the quality and the cost of the constriction project are directly proportional to each other, so in the attempt of improving the quality of the project, we also end up in exceeding the budgeted cost of the project. To avoid this situation in the construction projects, the quality management tool six sigma is combined with a cost management tool Cost Benefit Analysis. This study shows the method of improving the quality of the construction process without affecting the cost of the construction. Combination of these two management tools provided an organization with a successful quality project with budgeted cost.
Outcomes and care priorities for older people living with frailty and advanced chronic kidney disease: a multi-professional scoping review
Authors: Hurst Helen , Young Hannah M L , Nixon Andrew C , Ormandy Paula , Brettle Alison ,   The scoping review author collaborative for outcomes and care priorities for older people with ACKD, Mooney Andrew , Winterbottom Anna , Bekker Hilary , Brown Edwina A , Murtagh Fliss E M , Da Silva-Gane Maria , Coyle David , Finnigan Rob
Published: December 2022

The growing older population with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD stages 4–5) poses a challenge for healthcare worldwide. The high prevalence of frailty and associated adverse health outcomes highlights concerns for management and interventions specific to this population. The aim was to objectively review the evidence relating to older people (≥65 years) living with frailty and ACKD. More specifically how frailty is identified, what interventions have been studied and what outcomes have been reported including outcomes important to patients, families and carers. A scoping review was undertaken following the PRISMA-Scr guidelines. Nine databases were searched and a review team of five people followed a process using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were then analysed to answer the specific questions of the review. The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health was used to map outcomes across the domains. A total of 90 studies were included. The most reported frailty measure was the frailty phenotype. The most reported outcomes were mortality, hospitalisation and healthcare utilisation. Health-related quality of life was the most common patient-reported outcome measure. There were few intervention studies and limited evidence of patient and carer perspectives. This scoping review highlights important areas for further research in older people living with frailty and ACKD. This includes a ‘gold standard’ measure for identifying frailty, interventions and improvements in outcome measures that matter to patients (including studies that focus on carers and carer burden) and priority setting for future research.
Dynamic seasonal changes in photosynthesis systems in leaves ofAsarum tamaense, an evergreen understorey herbaceous species
Authors: Wada Naoki , Kondo Issei , Tanaka Ryouichi , Kishimoto Junko , Miyagi Atsuko , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Mizokami Yusuke , Noguchi Ko
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Evergreen herbaceous species in the deciduous forest understorey maintain their photosystems in long-lived leaves under dynamic seasonal changes in light and temperature. However, in evergreen understorey herbs, it is unknown how photosynthetic electron transport acclimates to seasonal changes in forest understorey environments, and what photoprotection systems function in excess energy dissipation under high-light and low-temperature environments in winter.

Methods

Here, we used Asarum tamaense, an evergreen herbaceous species in the deciduous forest understorey with a single-flush and long-lived leaves, and measured photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and electron transport in leaves throughout the year. The contents of photosynthetic proteins, pigments and primary metabolites were determined from regularly collected leaves.

Key results

Both the rates of CO2 assimilation and electron transport under saturated light were kept low in summer, but increased in autumn and winter in A. tamaense leaves. Although the contents of photosynthetic proteins including Rubisco did not increase in autumn and winter, the proton motive force and ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane were high in summer and decreased from summer to winter to a great extent. These decreases alleviated the suppression by lumen acidification and increased the electron transport rate in winter. The content and composition of carotenoids changed seasonally, which may affect changes in non-photochemical quenching from summer to winter. Winter leaves accumulated proline and malate, which may support cold acclimation.

Conclusions

In A. tamaense leaves, the increase in photosynthetic electron transport rates in winter was not due to an increase in photosynthetic enzyme contents, but due to the activation of photosynthetic enzymes and/or release of limitation of photosynthetic electron flow. These seasonal changes in the regulation of electron transport and also the changes in several photoprotection systems should support the acclimation of photosynthetic C gain under dynamic environmental changes throughout the year.
Lipid droplet synthesis is associated with angiogenesis in mouse ovarian follicles
Authors: Ibayashi Megumi , Aizawa Ryutaro , Mitsui Junichiro , Tsukamoto Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived organelles comprising a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. Lipid droplets play important roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Mammalian ovaries have been hypothesized to use neutral lipids stored in LDs to produce the hormones and nutrients necessary for rapid follicular development; however, our understanding of LD synthesis remains incomplete. In this study, we generated transgenic reporter mice that express mCherry fused to HPos, a minimal peptide that localizes specifically to nascent LDs synthesized at the ER. With this tool for visualizing initial LD synthesis in ovaries, we found that LDs are synthesized continuously in theca cells but rarely in inner granulosa cells (Gc) during early follicular development. Administration of exogenous gonadotropin enhances LD synthesis in the Gc, suggesting that LD synthesis is hormonally regulated. In contrast, we observed copious LD synthesis in the corpus luteum, and excessive LDs accumulation in atretic follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LD synthesis is synchronized with angiogenesis around the follicle and that suppressing angiogenesis caused defective LD biosynthesis in developing follicles. Overall, our study is the first to demonstrate a spatiotemporally regulated interplay between LD synthesis and neovascularization during mammalian follicular development.