bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Apple Stem Grooving Viruses in Cnidium officinale in Korea
Authors: Lee Da-Som , Lee Hong-Kyu , Kim So-Yeon , Kwon Bo-Ram , Yang Hee-Ji , Park Chung Youl , Lee Su-Heon
Published: December 2022

We determined the whole-genome sequences of two apple stem grooving viruses (ASGV) detected in infected
Cnidium officinale
plants. The analyzed ASGV genomes were 6,494 nucleotides long and encoded two overlapping open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the two ASGV isolates to be most closely related to the ASGV isolate Xinjiang-3.
A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Molecule, Protoporphyrin IX, Acts as a Moderator of HIV-1 Capsid Assembly by Targeting the Capsid Hexamer
Authors: Zhang Da-Wei , Xie Liangxu , Xu Xiao-Shuang , Li Yimin , Xu Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

CA and its assembled viral core play essential roles in distinct steps during HIV-1 replication, including reverse transcription, integration, nuclear entry, virus assembly, and maturation through CA–CA or CA–host factor interactions. These functions of CA are fundamental for HIV-1 pathogenesis, making it an appealing target for antiviral therapy.
MBRA-2: a Modified Chemostat System to Culture Biofilms
Authors: Jens Justin N. , Breiner Daniel J. , Neve Rachel L. , Fiebig Matilda M. , Phelan Vanessa V.
Published: December 2022

The MBRA-2 with media rails provides an accessible system for investigators to culture heterogenous, suspended biofilms under constant flow.
A Novel and Efficient Platform for Discovering Noncanonical Quorum-Quenching Proteins
Authors: Liao Jinxing , Li Zihan , Xiong Dan , Shen Danyu , Wang Lu , Shao Xiaolong , Li Tao , Qian Guoliang
Published: December 2022

Targeting and blocking bacterial quorum sensing (QS), the process known as quorum quenching (QQ) is an effective mean to control bacterial infection and overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance. Previously, diverse QS signal-degradation enzymes are identified as canonical QQ proteins.
Interaction of Solar Neutrinos with $${}^{98}\mathrm{Mo}$$ and $${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$$ Nuclei
Authors: Lutostansky Yu. S. , Belogortseva N. A. , Koroteev G. A. , Lutostansky A. Yu. , Osipenko A. P. , Tikhonov V. N. , Fazliakhmetov A. N.
Published: December 2022

The process of neutrino interaction with $${}^{98}\mathrm{Mo}$$ and $${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$$ nuclei is studied with allowance for the effect of charge-exchange resonances. The results obtained by calculating the cross section for solar-neutrino capture by the isotopes $${}^{98}$$Mo and $${}^{100}$$Mo, $$\sigma(E_{\nu})$$, are presented. Use is made of both experimental data obtained for the strength functions $$S(E)$$ in ($$p,n$$) and ($${}^{3}$$He, $$t$$) charge-exchange reactions and the strength functions $$S(E)$$ calculated within the theory of finite Fermi systems. The effect of the resonance structure of $$S(E)$$ on the calculated cross sections for solar-neutrino capture is studied, and the contribution of each high-lying resonance to the capture cross section $$\sigma(E_{\nu})$$ is isolated. The contributions of all components of the solar neutrino spectrum are calculated. The contribution of background solar neutrinos to the double-beta decay of $${}^{100}$$Mo nuclei is estimated.
Complications following implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL)
Authors: Mandal Sohini , Sahay Pranita , Tripathi Manasi , Maharana Prafulla Kumar
Published: December 2022

A male patient in his 20s presented with right eye aphakic corneal decompensation and left eye intumescent cataract with phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) lenticular touch. He had a history of pIOL implantation in both eyes 6 months ago. On first postoperative day, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/400 and 20/20 in right and left eye, respectively. Postoperatively, a diagnosis of right eye toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) was made and pIOL was explanted. Subsequently, the patient developed intumescent cataract for which lens aspiration with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation was performed in the right eye. Ongoing uveitis with membrane formation warranted PCIOL explantation. The patient developed aphakic corneal decompensation in the right eye and underwent penetrating keratoplasty with intrascleral haptic fixation of an intraocular lens. Central pIOL-lenticular touch with intumescent cataract was diagnosed in the left eye for which pIOL explant with lens aspiration and PCIOL was done. TASS and post-pIOL cataract are rare but vision-threatening complications require judicious management for visual rehabilitation.
Recombinant human erythropoietin plus methylprednisolone versus methylprednisolone in treatment of acute spinal cord injury：protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Miao , Zhou Jiaojiao , Huang Shishu , Zhang Yonggang , He Yu , Zeng Yong , Song Yueming
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Recent studies in animal models indicate that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is very effective in enhancing neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). We described a protocol aimed at evaluating the efficacy of rHuEPO plus methylprednisolone (MP) compared with MP alone in improving neurological function of patients with SCI in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods and analysis

This study aims to explore the effect of rHuEPO combined with MP on neurological function in patients with SCI through a meta-analysis. To this end, the authors will search eight research databases for data retrieval: MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, China Biology Medicine dis, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane and Embase for RCTs on SCI in any language. The primary outcome will be the American Spinal Injury Association score at the time of follow-up. The secondary outcomes will be the WHOQOL-100 instrument score, neurophysiological state and related factors. Two authors will independently search literature records, scan titles, abstracts and full texts, collect data, and assess materials for risk of bias. Stata V.14.0 will be used for statistical analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This research is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. We will disseminate this protocol in scientific conferences and a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021260688.
Study protocol: hypnosis versus standard care for shoulder dislocation reduction in the emergency department – a multicentre, randomised, controlled study protocol
Authors: Tinelli Marion , Guler Nazmine , Goetz Christophe , Aim Philippe , Marchionni Sandra , Ouamara Nadia , Cipolat Lauriane , Demarquet Marine , Seris Emmanuelle , Moreau Alexia , Durand Guillaume , Douplat Marion , Lavignon Jean-Pierre , Hingray Coraline , Abensur Vuillaume Laure
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common reason for consultation at the emergency department (ED). Hypnosis could be a safe and effective alternative therapy for pain relief during shoulder dislocation reduction but nowadays, evidence is not sufficient. The main objective of this study is to show that reduction under hypnosis is associated with a decrease in the use of analgesic compared with usual care.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct an interventional, controlled, multicentre, randomised study. A total of 44 patients with shoulder dislocation will be randomised in two groups: the hypnosis group (N=22) and the usual care group (N=22). The primary endpoint will be the comparison of morphine equivalent analgesic consumption during a shoulder dislocation reduction manoeuvre. Secondary endpoints will include haemodynamic parameters monitoring, patient and practitioner satisfaction using a Likert scale, use of coanalgesic or sedative drugs, number of reduction attempts and time spent at ED. Adverse events will be recorded. Statistical analysis will include parametric tests, multivariate linear regression and descriptive statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethics approval from the Comité de Protection des Personnes of Sud-Est IV on 03/11/2021 (ANSM informed on 19 November 2021). The results will be published in scientific articles and communicated in national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrial.gov:NCT04992598; National Clinical trial no ID RCB : 2021-A01382-39
Healthcare professionals’ perception of safety culture and the Operating Room (OR) Black Box technology before clinical implementation: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Strandbygaard Jeanett , Dose Nynne , Moeller Kjestine Emilie , Gordon Lauren , Shore Eliane , Rosthøj Susanne , Ottesen Bent , Grantcharov Teodor , Sorensen Jette Led
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Comprehensive data capture systems such as the Operating Room Black Box (OR Black Box) are becoming more widely implemented to access quality data in the complex environment of the OR. Prior to installing an OR Black Box, we assessed perceptions on safety attitudes, impostor phenomenon and privacy concerns around digital information sharing among healthcare professionals in the OR. A parallel survey was conducted in Canada, hence, this study also discusses cultural and international differences when implementing new technology in healthcare.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey using three previously validated questionnaires (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, Dispositional Privacy Concern) was distributed through Research Electronic Data Capture to 145 healthcare professionals from the OR (July to December 2019). Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to test for differences.

Results

124 responded (86%): 100 completed the survey (69%) (38 nurses, 10 anaesthesiologists, 36 obstetricians/gynaecologists, 16 residents). Significant variability in all six SAQ domains, safety climate and teamwork being the lowest ranked and job satisfaction ranked highest for all groups. The SAQ varied in all domains in Canada. Moderate to frequent impostor phenomenon was experienced by 71% predominantly among residents (p=0.003). 72% in the Canadian study. Residents were most comfortable with digital information sharing (p<0.001), only 13% of all healthcare professionals were concerned/heavy concerned compared with 45% in Canada.

Conclusions

The different healthcare professional groups had diverse perceptions about safety culture, but were mainly concerned about safety climate and teamwork in the OR. Impostor phenomenon decreased with age. All groups were unconcerned about digital information sharing. The Canadian study had similar findings in terms of impostor phenomenon, but a variety within the SAQ and were more concerned about data safety, which could be due to medical litigation per se and is not widespread in Scandinavia compared with North America.
Long-term persistence of second-line biologics in psoriatic arthritis patients with prior TNF inhibitor exposure: a nationwide cohort study from the French health insurance database (SNDS)
Authors: Pina Vegas Laura , Hoisnard Léa , Bastard Léa , Sbidian Emilie , Claudepierre Pascal
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents are most often the first-choice biological treatment for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). When their discontinuation is needed, a switch to another TNFi or to another therapeutic class may be considered. However, data supporting one approach over another are lacking.

Objective

To compare the long-term persistence of classes of biologics in PsA patients with prior TNFi exposure.

Methods

This nationwide cohort study involved the administrative healthcare database of the French health insurance scheme linked to the hospital discharge database. We included all adults with PsA starting a second-line biological after discontinuing a TNFi during 2015–2020. Persistence was defined as the time from biological initiation to discontinuation and was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison of persistence by biological class was performed with Poisson regression models with time divided into 6-month intervals.

Results

We included 2975 patients: 1580 (53%) initiating a second TNFi, 426 (14%) an interleukin 12/23 inhibitor (IL-12/23i) and 969 (33%) an IL-17 inhibitor (IL-17i). Overall, 1-year and 3-year persistence rates were 42% and 17%, respectively. After adjustment, persistence was associated with treatment with an IL-17i (adjusted relative risk (RRa) 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.87) or IL-12/23i (RRa0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.79) vs a TNFi, with no significant difference between IL-12/23 and IL-17 inhibitors (RRa0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.02).

Conclusions

Overall, this real-life study shows low persistence for all biologics at 3 years in PsA patients previously exposed to a TNFi. However, persistence was higher with an IL-17i or IL-12/23i than a TNFi.
The morphologic and paleobiogeographic implications of a new early Silurian echinoid from Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey R. , Ausich William I. , Cournoyer Mario E.
Published: December 2022

The Ordovician and Silurian are an exceptionally important interval of time for understanding the effects of ancient climate change on the paleobiodiversity of echinoderms. Despite this importance, the fossil record of many echinoderm groups during this interval is sparse. The echinoids, or sea urchins, are no exception; and new fossil finds are necessary to better understand their initial diversification during the lower Paleozoic. We herein report on material from a new genus and species of echinoid, Anticostiechinus petryki gen. et sp. nov., from the Silurian of Anticosti Island, Canada. The morphology of the tubercles and spines of A. petryki are atypical for echinoids, and the surfaces for spine articulation consist of rounded, concave indentations. Additionally, the bases of the spines are subspherical. Furthermore, A. petryki belongs to the family Echinocystitidae, which increases the known diversity and distribution of this family during the Silurian and provides insight into the biogeography of echinocystitids from the Silurian to Devonian.
MFV approach to robust estimate of neutron lifetime
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Zhang Sen , Zhang Zhen-Rong , Zhang Pu , Li Wen-Bin , Hong Yan
Published: December 2022

Aiming at evaluating the lifetime of the neutron, we introduce a novel statistical method to analyse the updated compilation of precise measurements including the 2022 dataset of Particle Data Group (PDG). Based on the minimization for the information loss principle, unlike the median statistics method, we apply the most frequent value (MFV) procedure to estimate the neutron lifetime, irrespective of the Gaussian or non-Gaussian distributions. Providing a more robust way, the calculated result of the MFV is $$\tau _n=881.16^{+2.25}_{-2.35}$$

τ
n

=
881
.

16

-
2.35

+
2.25

s with statistical bootstrap errors, while the result of median statistics is $$\tau _n=881.5^{+5.5}_{-3}$$

τ
n

=
881
.

5

-
3

+
5.5

s according to the binomial distribution. Using the different central estimates, we also construct the error distributions of neutron lifetime measurements and find the non-Gaussianity, which is still meaningful.
The production of singly charmed pentaquark $${\bar{c}} q qqq$$ from bottom baryon
Authors: Xing Ye , Liu Wan-Liang , Xiao Yi-Hua
Published: December 2022

In the paper, we study the production of pentaquark $$\bar{c}q qqq$$

c

¯

q
q
q
q

from singly bottom baryon. The tensor representations of pentaquark $$\bar{c}q qqq$$

c

¯

q
q
q
q

are completed at first. Under the light quark symmetry analysis, we decompose the singly charmed pentaquarks into 6, 15 and $$15'$$

15
′

multiple states, and deduce the representations of these states. Then we construct the production Hamiltonian of the multiple states in proper order. For completeness, we systematically study the production channels of pentaquark states, including the possible production amplitudes and decay relations between different channels, concurrently, the widths of selected channels are worked out with the effective Lagrangian approach. Ultimately, we expect that the chosen channels will be fairly valuable supports for future search experiments.
Urban Digital Transformation and Enterprise Personal Data Protection
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Miao Luqi
Published: December 2022

With the continuous digital transformation of Shanghai, the problem of illegal use of data has become prominent. This study examines the relationship between urban digital transformation and enterprises’ personal data protection from both micro- and macro-viewpoints. Enterprises establishing personal data protection system (PDPS) can gain public support in the process of urban digital transformation, accelerate urban digital transformation, and develop the whole market. Public support, corporate governance, and government guidance interact to provide the impetus for urban digital transformation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a smart city under emerging markets. Meanwhile, it provides practical implications for governance guidelines for promoting the digital transformation of cities.
THD Minimization and Reliability Analysis of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Kavitha R.
Published: December 2022

Inverters are DC to AC power converters that are widely used in AC motor drives and distributed energy generation systems. Multi-Level Inverters (MLIs) have emerged as the preferred inverter technology because of their advantages of reduced switching losses and better harmonic profile. This paper deals with the Minimization of Total Harmonic Distortion (MTHD) of Symmetric Cascaded H-bridge Multi-Level Inverter (SCMLI) and Asymmetric Cascaded H-bridge Multi-Level Inverter (ACMLI). A hybrid memetic algorithm composed of heuristic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm and traditional MAS (Mesh Adaptive direct Search) is proposed to optimize the switching angles. In Photo Voltaic (PV) system, the input DC voltage generally varies from its nominal value due to the change in temperature and irradiance. Thus, the sensitivity analysis of THD and harmonics is also carried out considering the variations with non-integer magnitudes of input DC sources. The experimental prototype of SCMLI and ACMLI topology is developed and validated with simulation results. The reliability and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) of SCMLI and ACMLI are investigated based on power losses of the MOSFET and thermal parameters.
Constant-roll inflation from non-commutative geometry viewpoint
Authors: Nekouee Z. , Narasimhamurthy S. K. , Manjunatha H. M. , Anitha V.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we consider an inflation scenario in which the inflation roll rate, defined by [Formula: see text] is supposed to be constant and study constant-roll inflation by a scalar field with minimal coupling to gravity in the presence of non-commutative (NC) parameters. For this purpose, we use the deformation approach and obtain the corresponding Lagrangian to the model by employing new variables. Then, we find exact solutions for the inflation potential, which include power-law, quadratic hilltop, and natural inflation. Further, we discuss the effect of parameters on the inflation model in NC space.
Chain conditions on (Rees) congruences of S-acts
Authors: Khosravi Roghaieh , Roueentan Mohammad
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce (Rees) artinian [Formula: see text]-acts as those acts that satisfy the descending chain condition on their (Rees) congruences. Then, we show that (Rees) artinian [Formula: see text]-acts are those acts whose factor acts are all finitely (Rees) cogenerated. In addition, we continue the study of (Rees) noetherian [Formula: see text]-acts, namely, those acts whose (Rees) congruences are finitely generated. Moreover, as a useful tool for the investigation of chain conditions, we prove that the properties of being (Rees) noetherian and artinian are inherited in Rees short exact sequences. Next, we specifically consider the chain conditions on monoids. Finally, we prove that every right Rees artinian, commutative monoid is right Rees noetherian.
On affine geometrical structure, generalized of Born–Infeld models and Eddington’s world conjectures
Authors: Cirilo-Lombardo Diego Julio
Published: December 2022

In this work, we give a detailed description and discussion of the dynamic gravitational equations of the model with Lagrangian of the type [Formula: see text] as proposed by Eddington time ago but with [Formula: see text] being a non-Riemannian generalization of the Ricci tensor with the end to find the geometrical origin of the Eddington and Weyl conjectures concerning Lagrangian densities (generalized volume) and natural gauge. The Ricci tensor in our case is particularly based on an affine geometry with a generalized compatibility condition previously proposed in [B. McInnes, On the geometrical interpretation of ‘non-symmetric’ space-time field structures, Class. Quantum Grav. 1 (1984) 105–113; D. J. Cirilo-Lombardo, Non-Riemannian geometry, Born–Infeld models and trace-free gravitational equations, J. High Energy Astrophys. 16 (2017) 1–14]. Specifically, we show that: (i) the geometric action can be taken to a BI-type form considering a totally antisymmetric torsion field, (ii) Weyl’s proposal considering a universal gauge linked to a cosmological constant [Formula: see text] appears in the model naturally due to the proposed affine geometry, (iii) the Eddington conjecture that establishes a relationship between metric and curvature or fundamental tensor with constant of proportionality [Formula: see text] (natural gauge) is geometrically verified in the model with generalized affine geometry.
Testing a conjecture on quantum chromodynamics
Authors: Schiller Christoph
Published: December 2022

A Planck-scale model that includes quantum chromodynamics and goes beyond it, is tested against observations. The model is based on a single fundamental principle. Starting with Dirac’s proposal describing spin [Formula: see text] particles as tethered objects, quarks and elementary fermions are conjectured to be fluctuating rational tangles with unobservable tethers. Such tangles obey the free Dirac equation. Classifying rational tangles naturally yields the observed spectrum of elementary fermions, including the six quark types and their quantum numbers. Classifying tangle deformations naturally yields exactly three types of gauge interactions, three types of elementary gauge bosons, and the symmetry groups U(1), broken SU(2) and SU(3). The possible rational tangles for quarks, leptons, Higgs and gauge bosons allow only the observed Feynman diagrams. The complete Lagrangian of the standard model — without any modification and including the Lagrangian of quantum chromodynamics — arises in a natural manner.

Over 90 experimental consequences and tests about quark and gluon behavior are deduced from the single fundamental principle. No consequence is in contrast with observations. The consequences of the strand conjecture include the complete quark model for hadrons, the correct sign of hadron quadrupole moments, color flux tubes, confinement, Regge behavior, running quark masses, correctly predicted hadron mass sequences, the lack of CP violation for the strong interaction, asymptotic freedom, and the appearance of glueballs. Two consequences differ from quantum chromodynamics. First, the geometry of the strand process for the strong interaction leads to an ab-initio estimate for the running strong coupling constant. Second, the tangle shapes lead to ab-initio lower and upper limits for the mass values of the quarks.
Dynamics of a stochastic multi-stage sheep brucellosis model with incomplete immunity
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Abdurahman Xamxinur
Published: December 2022

This paper considered a multi-stage sheep brucellosis model with incomplete immunity. First, we established a deterministic model, calculated the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text], set out the conditions for the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Second, considering the influence of environmental white noise on brucellosis infection, we further established the stochastic version of the model. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, we proved the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution. Further, we got the sufficient conditions for disease extinction and the existence of ergodic stationary distribution. Finally, we carried out some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results.
A novel α-ketoamide reactivity-based two-photon fluorogenic probe for visualizing peroxynitrite in Parkinson’s disease models
Authors: Shao Tao , Xu Xianning , Wang Lan , Shen Yu , Zhao Jun , Li Huizi , Zhang Duoteng , Du Wei , Bai Hua , Peng Bo , Li Lin
Published: December 2022

Peroxynitrite (ONOO[Formula: see text] contributes to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Developing a peroxynitrite probe would enable in situ visualization of the overwhelming ONOO− flux and understanding of the ONOO− stress-induced neuropathology of PD. Herein, a novel [Formula: see text]-ketoamide-based fluorogenic probe ( DFlu) was designed for ONOO− monitoring in multiple PD models. The results demonstrated that DFlu exhibits a fluorescence turn-on response to ONOO− with high specificity and sensitivity. The efficacy of DFlu for intracellular ONOO− imaging was demonstrated systematically. The results showed that DFlu can successfully visualize endogenous and exogenous ONOO− in cells derived from chemical and biochemical routes. More importantly, the two-photon excitation ability of DFlu has been well demonstrated by monitoring exogenous/endogenous ONOO− production and scavenging in live zebrafish PD models. This work provides a reliable and promising [Formula: see text]-ketoamide-based optical tool for identifying variations of ONOO− in PD models.
Multi-Band Acoustic Monitoring of Aerial Signatures
Authors: Mead Andrew , Little Sarah , Sail Paul , Tu Michelle , Watters Wesley Andrés , White Abigail , Cloete Richard
Published: December 2022

The acoustic monitoring, omni-directional system (AMOS) in the Galileo Project is a passive, multi-band, field microphone suite designed to aid in the detection and characterization of aerial phenomena. Acoustic monitoring augments the Project’s electromagnetic sensors suite by providing a relatively independent physical signal modality with which to validate the identification of known phenomena and to more fully characterize detected objects. The AMOS system spans infrasonic frequencies down to 0.05[Formula: see text]Hz, all of audible, and ultrasonic frequencies up to 190[Formula: see text]kHz. It uses three distinct systems with overlapping bandwidths: infrasonic (0.05[Formula: see text]Hz – 20[Formula: see text]Hz), audible (10[Formula: see text]Hz – 20[Formula: see text]kHz), and ultrasonic (16[Formula: see text]kHz – 190[Formula: see text]kHz). The sensors and their capture devices allow AMOS to monitor and characterize the tremendous range of sounds produced by natural and human-made aerial phenomena, and to encompass possible acoustic characteristics of novel sources.

Sound signals from aerial objects can be captured and classified with a single microphone under the following conditions: the sound reaches the sensor; the sound level is above ambient noise; and the signal has not been excessively distorted by the transmission path. A preliminary examination of the signal and noise environment required for the detection and characterization of aerial objects, based on theoretical and empirical equations for sound attenuation in air, finds that moderately loud audible sources (100[Formula: see text]dB) at 1[Formula: see text]km are detectable, especially for frequencies below 1[Formula: see text]kHz and in quiet, rural environments. Infrasonic sources are detectable at much longer distances and ultrasonic at much shorter distances.

Preliminary aircraft recordings collected using the single, omni-directional audible microphone are presented, along with basic spectral analysis. Such data will be used in conjunction with flight transponder data to develop algorithms and corresponding software for quickly identifying known aircraft and characterizing the sound transmission path.

Future work will include multi-sensor audible and infrasonic arrays for sound localization; analysis of larger and more diverse data sets; and exploration of machine learning and artificial intelligence integration for the detection and identification of many more types of known phenomena in all three frequency bands.
Effectiveness of an Endoscopic Recurrent Branch Release Procedure Combined with Standard Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery Compared to Standard Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery Alone: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: YOSHIDA Aya , OKUTSU Ichiro , HAMANAKA Ikki
Published: December 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of endoscopic release of the recurrent branch from surrounding soft tissue in combination with standard endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) surgery to standard ECTR surgery alone in patients with established abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle weakness.

Methods: Using propensity score matching, we compared the recovery rates of postoperative clinical symptoms in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome in whom the preoperative Medical Research Council (MRC) scale of the APB muscle (MRC-APB) was zero (no contraction) and with undetectable distal motor latency (DML) of APB, to those who underwent standard ECTR surgery alone and those who underwent recurrent branch release in addition to standard ECTR.

Results: Forty-nine hands in the recurrent branch release group and 49 hands in the standard ECTR surgery group were extracted. There were statistically significant differences in postoperative recovery rate from MRC-APB 0 to ‘4 or 5’ at 30 months (OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.03–5.67; p = 0.04) and at final follow-up (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.11–6.26; p = 0.03). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative recovery of MRC-APB scales at 24 months (p = 0.03), 30 months (p = 0.02) and at final follow-up (p = 0.02). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative recovery of DML (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Endoscopic release of the recurrent branch in combination with standard ECTR surgery showed better recovery rates in MRC-APB and DML recovery compared to standard ECTR surgery alone.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Nonverbal Cues in Human–Robot Interaction: A Communication Studies Perspective
Authors: Urakami Jacqueline , Seaborn Katie
Published: December 2022

Communication between people is characterized by a broad range of nonverbal cues. Transferring these cues into the design of robots and other artificial agents that interact with people may foster more natural, inviting, and accessible experiences. In this article, we offer a series of definitive nonverbal codes for human–robot interaction (HRI) that address the five human sensory systems (visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory, and gustatory) drawn from the field of communication studies. We discuss how these codes can be translated into design patterns for HRI using a curated sample of the communication studies and HRI literatures. As nonverbal codes are an essential mode in human communication, we argue that integrating robotic nonverbal codes in HRI will afford robots a feeling of “aliveness” or “social agency” that would otherwise be missing. We end with suggestions for research directions to stimulate work on nonverbal communication within the field of HRI and improve communication between people and robots.
Centralized Monitored Spectrum Management using Multi-resource Parallel Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Madhunala Srilatha , Anantha Bharathi
Published: December 2022

Spectrum sensing has a very important role in the operation of cognitive radio network. A proper sensing and utilization improve the performance of cognitive radio network (CRN). Different methodologies were developed in past to improve the sensing and utilization performance in CRN. Parallel sensing is used as an optimal approach in spectrum sensing with reduced delay of operation but restraint with multiple requests for spectrum sensing. A random generation of sensing requests results in large time delay and interference in the network. To minimize the interference effect and requesting overhead, this paper presents a new approach of spectrum sensing by centralized monitoring of spectrum engagement of Primary User (PU). The proposed approach operates on a repository monitoring of channel engagement to control the request granting for spectrum sensing in PUs. In addition, the sharing of spectrum usage is controlled by monitoring the spectral efficiency and interference in the network. Simulation results obtained illustrates an enhancement in network throughput, spectrum sensing and spectrum utilization performance where an average network throughput is observed to improve by 80% for varying number of primary channels and varying load conditions. The spectrum sensing is improved by 70% in average for varying primary channels and load conditions and Ideal channel utilization for the proposed approach is observed to improve by 90%.
Evaluation of Pressing Issues in Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Stone Arthur A. , Schneider Stefan , Smyth Joshua M.
Published: December 2022

The use of repeated, momentary, real-world assessment methods known as the Experience Sampling Method and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) has been broadly embraced over the last few decades. These methods have extended our assessment reach beyond lengthy retrospective self-reports as they can capture everyday experiences in their immediate context, including affect, behavior, symptoms, and cognitions. In this review we evaluate nine conceptual, methodological, and psychometric issues about EMA with the goal of stimulating conversation and guiding future research on these matters: the extent to which participants are actually reporting momentary experiences, respondents’ interpretation of momentary questions, the use of comparison standards in responding, efforts to increase the EMA reporting period beyond the moment to longer periods within a day, training of EMA study participants, concerns about selection bias of respondents, the impact of missing EMA assessments, the reliability of momentary data, and for which purposes EMA might be considered a gold standard for assessment. Resolution of these issues should have far-reaching implications for advancing the field.
Self-Ordered Porous Anodic Alumina with Large Pore Intervals: Review on Experimental and Theoretical Research
Authors: Norek Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

The production of self-organized porous anodic alumina (PAA) with large intepore intervals (D

c
> 380 nm) is still under development. The PAA is very interesting for application in optics and photonics where a large-scale periodicity corresponding to visible or infrared light is required. However, the process remains challenging because it usually involves anodization under high voltages that is prone to instabilities and breakdown events. The basic problem relies on harnessing the electrochemical conditions to find a balance between various phenomena that occur during transformation from aluminum to porous alumina. The overall process is quite complicated but it is believed that regularity of pore formation is governed mainly by an equilibrated counter-ion (Al3+ and electrolyte anions A−) exchange at the electrolyte/oxide interface. Accordingly, a new concept of PAA growth is proposed which takes into account three basic elements of field-enhanced dissolution, plastic flow, and electro-convective models. The results on recent achievements in the high-voltage anodization is discussed focusing on the strategies that led to the self-ordering growth of PAA with large D

c
. It is hoped that the review will contribute to better designing of anodization parameters to produce the ordered porous material with desired morphology.
Thermal and Electrochemical Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Samsung Cylindrical Cells in Lithium-ion Battery Modules
Authors: Belt Jeffrey , Sorensen Alexander
Published: December 2022

Thermal runaway propagation analysis at the module and cell level was performed using the Samsung 30Q 18650 cylindrical cells. Measurements such as cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures were collected and shown to be consistent by means of accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC). This study showed, using the module billet as a thermal runaway propagation mitigation strategy, the cell energy was successfully absorbed during a failure event and prevented thermal runaway propagation from between cells. However, the module level tests showed average maximum temperatures that were 229 °C higher than the average maximum temperatures in the cell level tests, showing the importance of evaluating both the cell level thermal runaway response and the module level response, as they can be different. This work shows the differences between cell TR and module level TR and an effective mitigation strategy based on effective spacing and thermal mass.
Analytical and Approximate Current Distributions in the Rotating Cylinder Hull Cell
Authors: Bauer Joseph , Moats Michael
Published: December 2022

The current distribution in the rotating cylinder Hull cell (RCHC) is calculated with analytical methods accounting for primary, secondary and tertiary current effects. The solution is a Fourier-Bessel series, which utilizes the cylindrical geometry of the cell. The primary current distribution is derived for a RCHC of arbitrary dimensions. A similar solution is developed for the simplified case of a linearized polarization curve, which could apply to either the secondary or tertiary current distribution. The results of this analytical method concur with finite element modeling, when compared to copper deposition at a moderately high current density (iavg/iL = ∼0.35). The effects of pulsed plating on the current distribution are also discussed using simplifications and limiting cases where needed. For the specific case of a pulse-rest waveform at high frequency, the current distribution may be modeled with a simple modification to the direct current case. The result of this study allows for current distributions in the RCHC to be calculated without the need for modeling.
Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Simple Synthesized Cl-GQDs/In2O3
Authors: Li Can , Wang Min , Lei Yun , Luo Linhui , Wang Yongqin , Du Beibei , Deng Yifan , Tang Zehui , Chen Jiong
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of hydrothermal synthesized chlorine-doped graphene quantum dots (Cl-GQDs) were analyzed by TEM, PL and UV–vis. The Cl-GQDs/In2O3 were synthesized by an ultrasonic treatment and the morphology, structure and composition, band gap and surface area were analyzed by different techniques. The effect of the mass percentage of Cl-GQDs on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of In2O3 was investigated, and the results showed that 3 wt% Cl-GQDs could effectively improve the separation of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the photocurrent density of 3 wt% Cl-GQDs/In2O3 was about 10 times as large as that of pure In2O3. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of Cl-GQDs/In2O3 under dark and light were compared to further investigate the capacitive effect of Cl-GQDs, and the results indicated that Cl-GQDs could store photogenerated electrons, inhibiting the recombination of electron-hole pairs. This work was expected to be helpful for enhancing the PEC performance of In2O3 and extending the application of Cl-GQDs.
Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans
Authors: Benhaddouch Tinsley Elizabeth , Pinzon Sofia Kelsey , Landi Diego Magalhaes Castro , Marcial John , Mehta Prateek , Romero Karen , Rockward Tommy , Bhansali Shekhar , Dong Dongmei
Published: December 2022

Knowledge of transduction mechanisms in biosensing applications paves the way for ultrasensitive and dynamic detection in living systems. Real-world biosensing applications where ultra-sensitivity and dynamic detection are paramount include monitoring the anesthetic agent concentration during surgery; the slightest variation in concentration can potentially result in a life-threatening overdose or, on the other end of the spectrum, the patient’s awareness during the procedure. We review the benefits and functions of the transcutaneous biosensor device compared with other current technology and discuss the sensor’s capability to accurately measure volatile anesthetic gas concentration in blood using fuel cell technology. We review fundamental concepts of fuel-cell technology for wearable bio-sensing applications. The fuel cell sensor can also continuously monitor other volatile organic compounds making it versatile with numerous potential applications.
Electrophysiological assessment in patients with COVID-19-related peripheral neuropathies and myopathies: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Mazidi Sarah , Al-Dakhil Lina
Published: December 2022

Neurological manifestations associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) are commonly reported, but patients were not referred to perform the electrophysiological assessment. We aimed to review the existing literature on clinical studies on COVID-19 peripheral neuropathy to correlate patients’ symptoms and characteristics with nerve conduction studies/electromyography (NCS/EMG) outcomes. This protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework ( https://www.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZF4PK ). The systematic search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for articles published from December 2019 to March 2022. A total of 727 articles were collected, and according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 6 articles were included. Of 195 participants, only 175 underwent NCS/EMG assessment. Of these, 44 participants (25.1%) had abnormal EMG, 54 participants (30.8%) had abnormal motor NCS, and only 7 participants (4%) had abnormal sensory NCS. All cases presented with myopathy, while a limited number of cases presented with polyneuropathy. According to motor NCS and EMG, the most affected nerves were the tibial and peroneal in the lower extremities and the ulnar nerve in the upper extremities. Interestingly, the median nerve was reported to be associated with the severity and the rate of motor recovery of patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 generates a demyelinating motor neuropathy and myopathy. Clinicians are encouraged to refer patients with COVID-19 presenting with neurological symptoms to be assessed by electrophysiological methods to objectively determine the nature of their symptoms, follow their prognosis, and plan their rehabilitation.
Hypoxia Inhibits Osteogenesis and Promotes Adipogenesis of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes via Upregulation of Leptin in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ding Menglei , Cheng Yu , Xu Zhen , Lu Ying , Li Jing , Lu Liu , Zong Ming , Fan Lieying
Published: December 2022

Hypoxia is associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia in the osteogenesis or adipogenesis of RA-FLSs. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to profile gene expression in the datasets of GSE21959, GSE32006, and GSE55875, and flow cytometry was performed for FLS characterization, while Alizarin Redand Oil Red O staining for osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of FLSs, respectively. RNA interference leptin knockdown was used to determine the role of leptin in the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of RA-FLSs, and the expression of osteogenic and adipogenic markers was quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. FLSs exhibited a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like phenotype and we observed a limited self-renewal capacity in RA-FLSs compared to that in MSCs, but it was still greater than osteoarthritis (OA)-FLSs. Hypoxia did not change the RA-FLS MSC-like phenotype but inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and promoted the adipogenic differentiation of RA-FLSs. From the bioinformatics analysis ofGSE21959, GSE32006, and GSE55875 datasets, we found leptin, the only perturbed hypoxia-mediated upregulated gene across the three profiled datasets. Leptin knockdown in RA-FLSs reversed the hypoxia-mediated reduction of osteogenesis and hypoxia-mediated enhancement of adipogenesis by elevated expression of osteogenic markers and reduced expression of adipogenic markers, respectively. Therefore, hypoxia-leptin regulation of the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of RA-FLSs advances our understanding of RA pathogenesis, meanwhile also provides opportunities for future therapeutic intervention of RA.
Exploring a New Cueing Device in People Who Experience Freezing of Gait: Acceptance of a Study Design
Authors: Wilhelm Agnes , Riedl Tanja , Paumann Christian , Janssen Jessie
Published: December 2022

Background. Freezing of Gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and is defined as a “brief episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk.” Compensatory strategies such as cueing and high frequency vibrotactile stimulation can reduce FoG severity and improve gait parameters. A new Sternal high frequency Vibrotactile Stimulation Device (SVSD) with cueing function has been developed, however the clinical effects of this device are yet to be fully investigated. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate, if the proposed study design using a SVSD and gait analysis sensor insoles was acceptable for people with PD. Methods. This feasibility study was designed as a randomized cross-over study. Thirteen participants took part in a one off 60-minute data collection session. The acceptability of the study design was assessed with a mixed methods questionnaire considering each step of the study process. Secondary outcome measures were the feasibility of using the 10 Metre Walk Test (10MWT), the Freezing of Gait Score (FoG-Score), and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) with and without the SVSD. Results. The participants scored all aspects of the study design as very satisfactory. In addition, all participants could perform the secondary outcome measures and were deemed feasible. Feedback from open ended questions provided ideas and considerations for adaptations of future clinical studies. Conclusion. The proposed study design was acceptable for people with PD. Implications. This study design, with small adaptations, can be used for larger studies to evaluate the effect of an SVSD on FoG in people with PD.