bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The golden age of bio‐logging: how animal‐borne sensors are advancing the frontiers of ecology
Authors: Wilmers Christopher C. , Nickel Barry , Bryce Caleb M. , Smith Justine A. , Wheat Rachel E. , Yovovich Veronica
Published: July 2015

Great leaps forward in scientific understanding are often spurred by innovations in technology. The explosion of miniature sensors that are driving the boom in consumer electronics, such as smart phones, gaming platforms, and wearable fitness devices, are now becoming available to ecologists for remotely monitoring the activities of wild animals. While half a century ago researchers were attaching balloons to the backs of seals to measure their movement, today ecologists have access to an arsenal of sensors that can continuously measure most aspects of an animal's state (e.g., location, behavior, caloric expenditure, interactions with other animals) and external environment (e.g., temperature, salinity, depth). This technology is advancing our ability to study animal ecology by allowing researchers to (1) answer questions about the physiology, behavior, and ecology of wild animals in situ that would have previously been limited to tests on model organisms in highly controlled settings, (2) study cryptic or wide‐ranging animals that have previously evaded investigation, and (3) develop and test entirely new theories. Here we explore how ecologists are using these tools to answer new questions about the physiological performance, energetics, foraging, migration, habitat selection, and sociality of wild animals, as well as collect data on the environments in which they live.
Simulation of PVT Experiments
Authors: Bouett L. W. , Sageev A. , Orr F. M.
Published: July 2015

An interactive program was written to simulate pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments using a microcomputer. The simulator is a real time representation of an actual PVT laboratory. Operations that may be performed in the laboratory may also be performed on the simulator. The Peng-Robinson equation of state is used to calculate phase behavior and the results of the calculations are displayed on the microcomputer monitor in color. The monitor represents graphically the condition of all of the physical components of the PVT lab including pressures, fluid levels in vessels and the status of valves and pumps. A printed record of every action taken during a run is kept if desired. A simulated experimental error results in an appropriate termination of the run. Program structure and operation are described, and examples of simulated PVT experiments are given.
Logging Horizontal Wells – Field Practice for Various Techniques
Authors: Spreux A. , Louis A. , Rocca M.
Published: July 2015

With the development of highly deviated and horizontal wells, new techniques of running logging tools have been developed, in addition to the wire line method, for conveying logging tools in wells.

Five techniques are now operational: the wire line, the MWD, the SIMPHOR* type methods, the Pump DownStinger and the Coiled Tubing method.

Logging by wire line is naturally restricted to well inclinations up to 65° to 70°. By the fact that they use the drill pipes, the SIMPHOR and MWD type techniques are theoretically capable of covering all conventionally drilled wells, whatever their deviation or horizontal development. With the use of a telescopic stinger, only small diameter or production tools can be used. As for coiled tubing, its relative fragility will limit its use, to deviated wells with standard tools, and to low horizontal offset drains with lighter tools. The latter two methods offer the advantage of being operable without a drilling rig.

ELF-AQUITAINE's experience in using these different techniques on horizontal drains amounts to the following today:

– ten horizontal wells drilled, of which six used the MWD method in the reservoir, – nine logging operations with SIMPHOR systems, – eight with the pump-down stinger, of which four on production logging, – two operations with coiled tubing.

(It should be noted that a single operation can comprise several running-in operations).

In addition to the horizontal wells, these methods naturally lend themselves to all highly deviated or difficult wells where wire line working is not possible, thus endowing them with a wide range of application.
Refurbishment of Ballast Water System of the Gravity Base Structure – Beryl ‘A’
Authors: Seume K , Gilchrist J M
Published: July 2015

The Beryl Alpha Gravity Base Platform has operated satisfactorily for the past 11 years and is expected to stay in operation until the year 2017.

The Ballast Water System is a vital part of the platform's oil storage and export equipment. In 1986, during routine pipe inspections in the lower part of the utility shaft, significant defects were discovered which resulted in major refurbishment work.

Innovative designs and working procedures were employed for replacement and reinforced grout encasement of line pipe sections. This paper details the important aspects of this refurbishment work.
A Technique for Onsite Diagnosis of Cement Job Problems: The Concept of Job Signatures
Authors: Beirute R. M.
Published: July 2015

From the introduction of free-fall models for primary cementing, several companies throughout the industry have been monitoring many cementing operations by continuously measuring the rate of returns, the rate of pumping, the density of the fluids pumped, the density of the fluids returned to the surface, and the surface pressure. Measured values of surface pressure and rate of returns have been compared to predicted values obtained using cementing simulators. Discrepancies in the measured versus the calculated behavior that can not be explained as normal simulation and job measurement limitations are attributed to problems developed during the cementing operation. Although problems have been detected by this approach, in some cases it has not been possible to ascertain the exact cause of the misbehavior. Therefore, proper and timely corrective adjustments have not always been made during the job.

In order to improve on our ability to diagnose cement job problems while the cement job is in progress, this paper looks in more detail at the information concerning the job performance, that can be obtained by continuously monitoring the rate of pumping and the rate of returns during a cementing operation. It is shown that some job problems can be detected, during certain portions of the cementing job, even without having on location a predicted job behavior from a simulator. However, it is also shown that a more detailed picture of the operation can be obtained by comparing job measured values versus predicted data from simulators.

Using a cement job simulator that includes free-fall, six potential job problems are investigated: channeling, unsuspected (unmeasured) washout, lost circulation, influx, flow restrictions and slurry dehydration. Representative graphs showing the behavior trends for each of the six potential cement job problems are given. The graphs show the normal (without trouble) behavior and the departure from the norm for the problem situation. Lists of generalized Job Signatures for each case are also given. Characteristics that are considered the main indicators of each job problem are highlighted.

The generalized Job Signatures and the "trend" graphs should be viewed as additional tools developed to help the engineer or foreman on location diagnose a cement job problem, while the job is in progress. These tools should be used in conjunction with all other available information about the job to arrive at the final diagnosis of the job problem. Three field cases are given illustrating how the concept of Job Signatures can be effectively used to assist in detecting potential job problems during the actual job.
Shrinkage Properties of Cement
Authors: Chenevert M. E. , Shrestha B.
Published: July 2015

Typical oil field cements, when tested under temperature and pressure, shrink as they set. Such shrinkage may result in a loss of cement hydrostatic pressure, possibly causing gas seepage to the surface. In this paper it is shown that certain compositions which increase the slurry yield of the cement and/or reduce available water also decrease the amount of shrinkage.
A Computer Model for Hole-Cleaning Analysis
Authors: lyoho A. W. , Horeth J. M. , Veenkant R. L.
Published: July 2015

This paper describes a unique computer modelling capability for hole-cleaning analysis in the total drilling system context.1–3 The model, known as the NMB (New Material Balance) Model, uses standard drilling data – penetration rate, pump rate, bit size, wellbore geometry and mud properties – to generate a wellbore profile of hole-cleaning parameters. To accomplish this, the model calculates wellbore constituent velocities and concentrations by solving a set of finite-difference equations representing material transport throughout the wellbore.

Results obtained from the NMB Model include: Cuttings concentration and cuttings size distribution in the annulus.Cuttings slip velocity, net transport velocity and transport ratio.Effects of mud weight and mud rheology on hole cleaning.Effects of penetration rate and pump rate on hole cleaning.Equivalent mud weight due to cuttings loading for various scenarios.

The model has been tested successfully against a wide variety of laboratory and field data. One direct application of the model is to perform analytical hole-cleaning studies; but it is also a vital link in total drilling system simulation for penetration-rate and solids-control studies.
Stimulation by Light and Sound: Therapeutics Effects in Humans. Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Vernon Furtado da , Ribeiro Alair Pedro , Santos Veruska Andréa dos , Nardi Antonio Egidio , King Anna Lucia Spear , Calomeni Maurício Rocha
Published: July 2015

Introduction :
The objective of the study was to make a systematic review of published studies that used the brain stimulation by light and sound as means to optimize brain function and increase the different treatments. Methods : The methods followed the Prisma model for eligibility of studies. Results : Four studies on the systematic review were included 3 experimental studies and 1 case report. Two of these studies were focused in learning and sportive performance, and 2 focused on increasing physical and mental health. Conclusion : It was concluded that the investigation of brain stimulation technique can be applied to induce favorable mental states to enlarge treatments of several disorders that affect humans in a safe and noninvasive way. It is suggested that positive results can also be found through the association of brain stimulation by light and sound with therapies that combat depression and anxiety states.
Editorial: Managing the Microbial Activity in Food and Environmental Biotechnologies
Authors: Mutere Dr. Olga
Published: July 2015

The present issue embraces a broad spectrum of studies focused on applied or potentially applied aspects of microbiology and biotechnology. The papers reflect current scientific and technological investigations, which were performed in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden. Most of them are interdisciplinary, i.e., the expertises in microbiology, biochemistry, chemistry, veterinary, physics, engineering and other fields were applied. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria were tested for their antagonistic activity against mastitis causing bacteria. Three papers are focused on optimization of fermentation processes, using maize silage and acid whey in anaerobic processes, barley and pea fibers as well as lupine seeds for obtaining biologically active compounds. Wastewater treatment processes are represented by studies on the use of pink bark as a sorbent of nitroaromatic compounds; as well as biodegradation of phenols in pharmaceutical wastewaters and combination of nitrification and phosphorous accumulation processes. Newly developed inorganic carriers for solid state and submerged fermentations were tested, e.g., ceramic and alkali-activated beads. The review paper covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in a plant–assisted biodegradation in soils and treatment wetlands. Methodological aspects were discussed, in particular, the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in monitoring the sorption and degradation products in wastewaters. A new yeast based test system for rapid evaluation of the effects of various compounds on eukaryotic cells was suggested. Hopefully, you will find the papers included in this issue, interesting and useful.
In Vitro Assessment for Antimicrobial Activity of Lactobacillus Helveticus and its Natural Glycopeptides Against Mastitis Causing Pathogens in Dairy Cat
Authors: Gulbe Gundega , Valdovska Anda , Saulite Vaira , Jermolajevs Jevgenijs
Published: July 2015

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria have a great potential to control bovine mastitis as well as they are favourable choice to treat many infectious diseases of human. These bacteria are well known as having many properties which make them beneficial to control pathogenic microorganisms. These include, the ability to adhere to cell, the reduction of pathogenic bacteria adherents, the co–aggregation, the production of organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocin and etc., to be safe and non–pathogenic, which antagonize pathogenic microorganisms. However, each strain must be well identified and characterized in vitro before using for disease treatment. The aim of the present study was to screen three kind of test suspensions: TS1, TS2 and TS3, which contains probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus or its natural glycopeptides, and other natural immunomodulators, in order to investigate which content were the most effective in inhibiting several mastitis causing bacteria in dairy cattle: coagulase–positive Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase–negative staphylococci S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, S. simulans, S. vitulinus, and Gram–negative bacteria Citrobacter freundii and Serratia liquefaciens. Test suspensions TS1, TS2 and TS3 were adjusted by pH 6.3, then tested in vitro by well diffusion assay to determine their antimicrobial effect against bacteria. Furthermore haemolytic activity of applied test suspensions were determined. In results TS1 (9-13 mm) and TS2 (10-15 mm) showed the inhibition effect on four of eight tested bacterial strains, whereas TS3 did not displayed any antimicrobial effect. TS2 have a greatest antimicrobial activity as they resulted in the largest inhibition zones.
Characteristics of a Ceramic Carrier after Wastewater Treatment Process in the Model Column Cascade with Ethanol Addition
Authors: Berzins Andrejs , Petrina Zaiga , Nikolajeva Vizma , Svinka Ruta , Svinka Visvaldis , Strikauska Silvija , Muter Olga
Published: July 2015

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater remains one of the serious environmental problems worldwide. The present study was aimed at combining the both nitrification and phosphorus accumulation processes in the laboratory-scale model system. Synthetic wastewaters (28 mg N-NH L) were treated consequently in the cascade of three columns, which were designed for nitrification and phosphorus accumulation processes, respectively, and were packed with porous ceramic beads. Six treatment cycles of seven days in each column were performed. Addition of 3% ethanol to wastewater increased the efficiency of ammonium removal in the first column of the cascade during the 7 day period to 81.9 %, which was accompanied by a decrease of pH from 7.3 to 6.2. An increase of soluble phosphates was shown in Columns II and III of the cascade. Microbial enzyme activity, number of CFU and diversity of the microbial community differed among the three columns tested. The most active biofilm formation was detected in Column I. The thermal analysis of beads has revealed mass losses of 0.23% and 0.08%, due to decomposition of light volatile organic substances at 173 °C and 481 °C, respectively. In turn, the beads in Column II and III were not covered by thick biofilm, while blue crystals were found on the surface. Accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus on the beads was detected. Vegetation experiments have revealed some stimulation effect of the beads applied as an amendment to loamy sand soil, to the growth of rye and cress.
Factors Governing Degradation of Phenol in Pharmaceutical Wastewater by White-rot Fungi: A Batch Study
Authors: Bernats M. , Juhna T.
Published: July 2015

Phenol is a major contaminant in the industrial water effluent, including pharmaceutical wastewaters. Although several physic-chemical methods for removal of phenol exist, they are of high cost, low efficiency, and generate toxic by-products. Thus, there is a need to develop technologies for biological removal of phenol from wastewater. In this study, the degradation of phenol in pharmaceutical wastewater by monoculture of white-rot fungi was studied. The degradation rate of total phenol in batch flasks by four fungal monocultures of Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Irpex lacteus in synthetic medium was compared. The results showed that white-rot fungus T.Versicolor was the most effective of the species. Further selection tests of optimal conditions of biomass concentration, pH and temperature were done, indicating that optimal conditions of degradation are at pH 5-6, temperature 25 °C, and biomass inoculum 10% (v/v). Under optimal conditions, total phenol was reduced by 93%, concentration of total phenol decreasing from 420±12 mg/l to 29±1 mg/l in seven days, with T.Versicolor specie. This study suggested that biological treatment with fungi may effectively be used as a pre-treatment stage for removal of phenol before polishing wastewater with conventional biological methods.
Pre-induced Lac Operon Effect on Non Specific Sugars: Pre-culture Effect is Dependent on Strength of Induction, Exponential Phase and Substrate Concentration
Authors: Malakar Pushkar
Published: July 2015

The source and history of the cell plays an important role in influencing the phenotypic properties of the organism in a particular environmental condition. Pre-induced lac operon provides benefit on lactose environment. During metabolism lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose. The fate of cells with pre-induced lac operon on glucose and galactose milieu is not known. The influence of nutritional status of the medium, level of pre-induction and growth phase on pre-culture effect is not investigated. Effect of pre-induced lac operon on non specific sugars along with the factors that influence this effect was enumerated in the present study. Results of this present study indicate that pre-induced lac operon provide benefit in terms of growth on galactose milieu. This study also suggests that Pre induced lac operon effect depends on the (i) strength of induction in the pre-culture, (ii) nutritional content of the environment and (iii) exponential growth phase of the organism. The above study will help in the better characterization of the pre culture effect. It will also help in the better understanding of the relation between gene expression and growth physiology.
A Case Report of Successful Treatment of Recalcitrant Childhood Localized Scleroderma with Infliximab and Leflunomide
Authors: Ferguson Ian D , Weiser Peter , Torok Kathryn S
Published: July 2015

Herein we report successful treatment of an adolescent Caucasian female with severe progressive localized scleroderma (mixed subtype, including generalized morphea and linear scleroderma of the trunk/limb) using infliximab and leflunomide. The patient demonstrated improvement after the first 9 months of therapy based on her clinical examination, objective measures, and patient and parent global assessments. Infliximab is a potential treatment option for pediatric localized scleroderma patients who have progression of disease or who are unable to tolerate the side effect profile of more standard systemic therapy. Larger longitudinal studies or case series are needed to confirm and further investigate infliximab’s role in localized scleroderma.
The Prevalence and Severity of Joint Problems and Disability in Patients with Poliomyelitis in Urban India
Authors: Baliga S , Mcmillan T , Sutherland A , Sharan D
Published: July 2015

Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus infection of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. Up to 40% of survivors recover full muscle strength, however 60–90% are left with varying degrees of residual paralysis, where the patient suffers from cramping myalgia and lower motor neuron pattern weakness. This study aimed to identify and quantify, in terms of prevalence and severity of the types of joint deformities encountered in polio sufferers. It also aimed to assess the disability caused by such problems. Finally we documented the provision and use of mobility aids, orthotics and surgery in the patient group.

Impairment was confined to one lower limb, and this is consistent, as the majority of patients were infected in infancy. The study found that pes cavus, scoliosis, flexion deformity of the knee and true lower-limb shortening accounted for over half of the deformities found. The mean Barthel Disability score was 19 and over 80% of patients used at least one aid, usually in the form of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO). Surgery also plays a large in role in the management of polio patients, however necessity needs to be assessed on an individual basis taking into account many aspects of the patient’s life.
A Novel Surgical Technique for Removing Buried Cannulated Screws Using a Guidewire and Countersink: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Chen Yongsheng , Giri Krishna Prasad , Pearce Christopher Jon
Published: July 2015

Removal of metal implants is a common procedure that is performed for a variety of indications. However, problems such as a buried screw head may occasionally arise and render hardware removal difficult or even impossible. The problem is further compounded when the initial screw was inserted percutaneously or via a minimally-invasive (MIS) technique. In the present paper, we introduce a novel, minimally invasive technique to remove buried cannulated screws which obviates the need for excessive extension of the skin incision, surgical exploration, soft tissue dissection or excess bone removal, which surgeons may otherwise have to undertake to uncover the buried screw head. This technique is especially useful in removing cannulated screws which have been inserted using small stab incisions and MIS techniques initially. This technique can be applied to the removal of buried cannulated screws which are placed into any bone in the body.
The better growth phenotype of DvGS1-transgenic arabidopsis thaliana is attributed to the improved efficiency of nitrogen assimilation
Authors: Zhu Chenguang , Zhang Guimin , Chen Shilin , Wang Wei , Tang Yuanping , Song Rentao
Published: July 2015

The overexpression of the algal glutamine synthetase (GS) gene DvGS1 in
Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in higher plant biomass and better growth
phenotype. The purpose of this study was to recognize the biological
mechanism for the growth improvement of DvGS1-transgenic Arabidopsis. A
series of molecular and biochemical investigations related to nitrogen and
carbon metabolism in the DvGS1-transgenic line was conducted. Analysis of
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related gene transcription and enzymatic
activity revealed that the transcriptional level and enzymatic activity of
the genes encoding GS, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine
aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, were significantly
upregulated, especially from leaf tissues of the DvGS1-transgenic line under
two nitrate conditions. The DvGS1-transgenic line showed increased total
nitrogen content and decreased carbon: nitrogen ratio compared to wild-type
plants. Significant reduced concentrations of free nitrate, ammonium,
sucrose, glucose and starch, together with higher concentrations of total
amino acids, individual amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, asparagine,
methionine), soluble proteins and fructose in leaf tissues confirmed that the
DvGS1-transgenic line demonstrated a higher efficiency of nitrogen
assimilation, which subsequently affected carbon metabolism. These improved
metabolisms of nitrogen and carbon conferred the DvGS1-transgenic Arabidopsis
higher NUE, more biomass and better growth phenotype compared with the
wild-type plants.
The Balkans - the most erosive part of Europe?
Authors: Blinkov Ivan
Published: July 2015

Soil erosion has been occurring over the geological time. Inappropriate human
activities accelerate this process. Soil erosion by water is a widespread
problem throughout Europe. The South and Southeast regions of Europe are
significantly prone to water erosion. In parts of the region, erosion has
reached a stage of irreversibility and in some places erosion has
practically ceased because there is no soil left. Scientists from the Balkan
countries faced with the erosion problem for years, paid significant
attention to solving problems with erosion. The aim of this study is to
compare the results of water erosion intensity in the Balkan countries with
other European countries. The basic methodological approach in this paper is
an analysis of secondary data, using the method of ?content analyses? of
various data sources. Inductive and deductive qualitative analysis was used
and finally the method of ?comparative analysis? is applied too. Through the
analysis of national researches, it was estimated that erosion intensity in
Balkan countries is 548 m3km-2 (similar to 5.48 tha-1) and the total amount
of annual produced erosive material is 419.9 *106 m3. The mean European
average annual erosion intensity is 3.13tha-1. The most erosive countries in
Europe are the Balkan countries, Albania and Montenegro where the mean
annual intensity of erosion is > 10 tha-1.
Italian alder (Alnus cordata/Loisel./Desf.) - new species for Allochtonous dendroflora of Serbia
Authors: Bobinac Martin , Andrasev Sinisa , Perovic Marko , Bauer-Zivkovic Andrijana , Jorgic Djura
Published: July 2015

The foreign tree species, Alnus cordata/Loisel./Desf. (Italian alder),
(Betulaceae/Loisel./Duby), not previously recorded in the dendroflora of
Serbia, is described in this paper. Italian alder trees in an experimental
plot in the area of Erdevik, aged 11 years, show good vitality and fast
growth, and bear fruits since their 10th year. Tree heights are in range from
10.4 to 16.2 m, and diameters at the breast height range from14.6 to 34.9 cm.
The morphological properties of leaves, fruiting organs (?cones?) and male
catkins are in concordance with the values in literature sources, although
they show great variability. Since the time of plantation establishment, the
absolute minimum air temperature in the nearby meteorological station of
Sremska Mitrovica was -26.50C, so it can be assumed that the species is frost
hardy. On the basis of the researched properties of Italian alder, it can be
concluded that this species can be cultivated in Serbia as an ornamental in
urban areas and as a fast growing species in forest plantations for biomass
production.
In vitro propagation of endangered Dianthus taxa
Authors: Markovic Marija , Grbic Mihailo , Djukic Matilda
Published: July 2015

The review of recent researches regarding the in vitro culture of 30
endangered Dianthus taxa is presented in this paper. Various in vitro
protocols developed for selected rare and threatened Dianthus taxa are
analysed in order to provide a useful synthesis of the data obtained with the
main principles, techniques and recommendations for futher research and
practice. The recapitulated data presented in this review can be used as a
tool for the micropropagation of other endangered Dianthus taxa, enabling
their propagation and obtaining a sufficient amount of plants for
reintroduction. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for ex
situ conservation of the investigated taxa, especially for medium-term and
long-term conservation (cryopreservation).
On the ε cosmological parameter
Authors: Mijajlovic Z. , Pejovic N. , Maric V.
Published: July 2015

In the paper On asymptotic solutions of Friedmann equations (Mijajlovic et
al. 2012), the theory of regularly varying functions in the sense of Karamata
is applied in an asymptotic analysis of solutions of Friedmann equations. As
is well known, solutions of these equations are used to represent
cosmological parameters. Therefore, according to the theory of regularly
varying functions all cosmological parameters depend on a function ?(t) such
that limt?1 ?(t) = 0 and which appears in their integral representation. In
this paper we derive a differential equation for the parameter ?(t), discuss
its solutions and give some physical interpretations.
Direct calculation of length contraction and clock retardation
Authors: Redzic D.V.
Published: July 2015

For simple electromagnetic models of a rod and a clock, a change of shape of
a rod and of the rate of clock when they are set in uniform motion is
calculated exactly, employing the correct equation of motion of a charged
particle in electromagnetic field and the universal boostability assumption.
Thus it is demonstrated that, for the simple system considered, the length
contraction and clock retardation can be interpreted as dynamical
cause-and-effect phenomena, and not as kinematical effects as usually
construed in conventional presentations of Special Relativity. It is argued
that the perspective relativistic change of an object (corresponding to
observations from two inertial frames), while certainly being an a causal
effect, has a dynamical content in the sense that it is tantamount to an
actual dynamical change of the object in one frame.
Phytochemical screening and diuretic activity of Euphorbia granulata
Authors: Saleem Hammad , Ahmad Irshad , Gill M. Shoaib Ali
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate diuretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Euphorbia granulate in rats. Albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as reference, Group II as standard and Group III, IV and V served as test. The three doses of extract (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were given to rats (i.p) in acute diuretic model. Furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p) was used as standard drug. The extract induced diuretic effects and induced electrolytes excretion in a dose-dependent manner when compared with control. The extract (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) increased the volume of urine in comparison to control group. Similarly, the excretion of potassium and sodium were also significantly (p<0.05) increased following extract administration. However, there was no significant change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with control. The result of this study thus offers support to the traditional folker use of this plant as a diuretic agent.

 
Psychosocial illness among the drug abusers undergoing detoxification in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Bushra , Ahmed SM Moslehuddin , Hossain Mir Mahmud , Kamal Md Mustafa
Published: July 2015

Abuse of drugs is a worldwide problem. Drug addiction is increasing tremendously in the South Asian countries especially in Bangladesh where such addiction is widespread among the younger age groups. It causes rapid erosion of educational, cultural, moral and family values. On the basis of defined criteria a total of 300 drug abusers who undergoing detoxification at the outpatient department of Central Drug Addiction Treatment Centre, Tejgaon, Dhaka were selected. The study was done for a period of one year from July 2013 to June 2014. Data were collected by face to face interview using pre-tested questionnaire. The analysis was done by computer using SPSS version 22.0. About 68% of the drug abusers had taken drugs for 2-5 years and 38% had taken three drugs during their life time. The major influencing factor for taking drugs was for peer pressure. Among the drug abusers 77% had taken Ganja, 60% Heroin as their first drug and 37% Yaba as their last drug. The depression was measured by the Beck's Depression Inventory that showed 55% of the drug abusers had moderate depression, 23% borderline clinical depression, 15% mild mood disturbance, 4% severe depression, and 3% had extreme depression. There were s ignificant associations between the duration of taking drugs (p<0.001), the number of taking drugs (p<0.006), and the age of first use of drugs (p<0.019) with depression. Majority of the drug abusers had depression and a significant number of them were involved in antisocial activities as well as violence. Family and social participation, behavioral therapies and proper medical management are essential to control drug addiction.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 36-41
Information Therapy: Bridging the information gap between doctors and patients
Authors: Sonika Raj , Sharma Vijay Lakshmi , Singh Amarjeet
Published: July 2015

Lack of understanding of medical terms and healthcare information by patients can lead to adverse health outcomes and decreased satisfaction with the clinician and medical encounter. Moreover, due to advent of information technology, lot of health and medical information is available on World Wide Web. However, the information available is not reliable and trustworthy and cause serious consequences. Therefore, the right information should reach right person at the right time in order to support the patient in making health-related decisions. Information therapy (Ix) is an attempt to provide patients with the timely, adequate and evidence-based health information for making informed decision regarding their treatment. The information provided should be relevant, accurate, complete, reliable, easy to understand and practical. Ix is exactly like treatment prescription by a physician but it also includes reference to healthcare information resources to patients following a clinical visit. The patients or the care takers after going through these resources can understand their medical condition and may raise patient satisfaction, leads to better health outcomes and reduce medical errors. Ix is a cost-effective solution that allows the healthcare industry to patient-centered care. It also allows patients to serve themselves, and save doctors precious time, which ultimately helps to utilize limited resources in an efficient way, especially in developing countries. Ix is a need of the hour in todays world, however, scope is limited by the challenges like inadequate literacy level of population, poor IT access to majority rural population, limited resources to develop right information and lack of information specialists and medical librarians in developing countries.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 47-50
Targeting NK-1 Receptors to Prevent and Treat Pancreatic Cancer: a New Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Muñoz Miguel , Coveñas Rafael
Published: July 2015

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related-deaths in both men and women, and the 1- and 5-year relative survival rates are 25% and 6%, respectively. It is known that smoking, alcoholism and psychological stress are risk factors that can promote PC and increase PC progression. To date, the prevention of PC is crucial because there is no curative treatment. After binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor (a receptor coupled to the stimulatory G-protein Gαs that activates adenylate cyclase), the peptide substance P (SP)—at high concentrations—is involved in many pathophysiological functions, such as depression, smoking, alcoholism, chronic inflammation and cancer. It is known that PC cells and samples express NK-1 receptors; that the NK-1 receptor is overexpressed in PC cells in comparison with non-tumor cells, and that nanomolar concentrations of SP induce PC cell proliferation. By contrast, NK-1 receptor antagonists exert antidepressive, anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects and anti-alcohol addiction. These antagonists also exert An antitumor action since in vitro they inhibit PC cell proliferation (PC cells death by apoptosis), and in a xenograft PC mouse model they exert both antitumor and anti-angiogenic actions. NK-1 receptor antagonists could be used for the treatment of PC and hence the NK-1 receptor could be a new promising therapeutic target in PC.
Asymptotic Description of Neural Networks with Correlated Synaptic Weights
Authors: Faugeras Olivier , MacLaurin James
Published: July 2015

We study the asymptotic law of a network of interacting neurons when the number of neurons becomes infinite. Given a completely connected network of neurons in which the synaptic weights are Gaussian correlated random variables, we describe the asymptotic law of the network when the number of neurons goes to infinity. We introduce the process-level empirical measure of the trajectories of the solutions to the equations of the finite network of neurons and the averaged law (with respect to the synaptic weights) of the trajectories of the solutions to the equations of the network of neurons. The main result of this article is that the image law through the empirical measure satisfies a large deviation principle with a good rate function which is shown to have a unique global minimum. Our analysis of the rate function allows us also to characterize the limit measure as the image of a stationary Gaussian measure defined on a transformed set of trajectories.
Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of an Ejector-Expansion Refrigeration Cycle Using the Working Fluid R32
Authors: Zhang Zhenying , Tong Lirui , Chang Li , Chen Yanhua , Wang Xingguo
Published: July 2015

The performance characteristics of an ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle (EEC) using R32 have been investigated in comparison with that using R134a. The coefficient of performance (COP), the exergy destruction, the exergy efficiency and the suction nozzle pressure drop (SNPD) are discussed. The results show that the application of an ejector instead of a throttle valve in R32 cycle decreases the cycle’s total exergy destruction by 8.84%–15.84% in comparison with the basic cycle (BC). The R32 EEC provides 5.22%–13.77% COP improvement and 5.13%–13.83% exergy efficiency improvement respectively over the BC for the given ranges of evaporating and condensing temperatures. There exists an optimum suction nozzle pressure drop (SNPD) which gives a maximum system COP and volumetric cooling capacity (VCC) under a specified condition. The value of the optimum SNPD mainly depends on the efficiencies of the ejector components, but is virtually independent of evaporating temperature and condensing temperature. In addition, the improvement of the component efficiency, especially the efficiencies of diffusion nozzle and the motive nozzle, can enhance the EEC performance.
Security of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: Standards, Threats Analysis and Cryptographic Countermeasures
Authors: Hamida Elyes , Noura Hassan , Znaidi Wassim
Published: July 2015

Due to the growing number of vehicles on the roads worldwide, road traffic accidents are currently recognized as a major public safety problem. In this context, connected vehicles are considered as the key enabling technology to improve road safety and to foster the emergence of next generation cooperative intelligent transport systems (ITS). Through the use of wireless communication technologies, the deployment of ITS will enable vehicles to autonomously communicate with other nearby vehicles and roadside infrastructures and will open the door for a wide range of novel road safety and driver assistive applications. However, connecting wireless-enabled vehicles to external entities can make ITS applications vulnerable to various security threats, thus impacting the safety of drivers. This article reviews the current research challenges and opportunities related to the development of secure and safe ITS applications. It first explores the architecture and main characteristics of ITS systems and surveys the key enabling standards and projects. Then, various ITS security threats are analyzed and classified, along with their corresponding cryptographic countermeasures. Finally, a detailed ITS safety application case study is analyzed and evaluated in light of the European ETSI TC ITS standard. An experimental test-bed is presented, and several elliptic curve digital signature algorithms (ECDSA) are benchmarked for signing and verifying ITS safety messages. To conclude, lessons learned, open research challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Effects of Acute Ingestion of Native Banana Starch on Glycemic Response Evaluated by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Obese and Lean Subjects
Authors: Jiménez-Domínguez Guadalupe , Ble-Castillo Jorge , Aparicio-Trápala María , Juárez-Rojop Isela , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos , Ble-Castillo Deysi , García-Vázquez Carlos , Olvera-Hernández Viridiana , Pérez-Pimienta Bedelia , Diaz-Zagoya Juan , Mendez José
Published: July 2015

An abnormal glycemic profile, including postprandial glycemia and acute glucose spikes, precedes the onset of overt diabetes in obese subjects. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of chronic native banana starch (NBS) supplementation. In this study, we examined the effects of acute ingestion of NBS on glycemic profiles by means of continuous glucose monitoring in obese and lean subjects. In a crossover study, obese and lean subjects consumed beverages containing either 38.3 g of NBS or 38.3 g of digestible corn starch (DCS) twice daily during 4 days. On day 5, a 3-h meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed to evaluate glucose and insulin responses. After 1 week of washout period, treatments were inverted. NBS supplementation reduced the 48-h glycemia AUC in lean, obese, and in the combined group of lean and obese subjects in comparison with DCS. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses at MTT were reduced after NBS in comparison with DCS in all groups. However, no changes were observed in glycemic variability (GV) indexes between groups. In conclusion, acute NBS supplementation improved postprandial glucose and insulin responses in obese and lean subjects during 48 h of everyday life and at MTT. Further research to elucidate the mechanism behind these changes is required.
Inflation and Speculation in a Dynamic Macroeconomic Model
Authors: Grasselli Matheus , Huu Adrien
Published: July 2015

We study a monetary version of the Keen model by merging two alternative extensions, namely the addition of a dynamic price level and the introduction of speculation. We recall and study old and new equilibria, together with their local stability analysis. This includes a state of recession associated with a deflationary regime and characterized by falling employment but constant wage shares, with or without an accompanying debt crisis.
Heterocycles 38. Biocatalytic Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Mannich Bases and Derivatives
Authors: Leonte Denisa , Bencze László , Paizs Csaba , Irimie Florin , Zaharia Valentin
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the biocatalytic synthesis of new Mannich bases containing various heterocyclic rings (thiazole, furane, thiophene, pyridine) by applying the lipase catalyzed trimolecular condensation of the corresponding heterocyclic aldehydes with acetone and primary aromatic amines, in mild and eco-friendly reaction conditions. The obtained Mannich bases were acylated to their corresponding N-acetyl derivatives. All compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectrometry.
Remote Sensing of River Delta Inundation: Exploiting the Potential of Coarse Spatial Resolution, Temporally-Dense MODIS Time Series
Authors: Kuenzer Claudia , Klein Igor , Ullmann Tobias , Georgiou Efi , Baumhauer Roland , Dech Stefan
Published: July 2015

River deltas belong to the most densely settled places on earth. Although they only account for 5% of the global land surface, over 550 million people live in deltas. These preferred livelihood locations, which feature flat terrain, fertile alluvial soils, access to fluvial and marine resources, a rich wetland biodiversity and other advantages are, however, threatened by numerous internal and external processes. Socio-economic development, urbanization, climate change induced sea level rise, as well as flood pulse changes due to upstream water diversion all lead to changes in these highly dynamic systems. A thorough understanding of a river delta’s general setting and intra-annual as well as long-term dynamic is therefore crucial for an informed management of natural resources. Here, remote sensing can play a key role in analyzing and monitoring these vast areas at a global scale. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of intra-annual time series analyses at dense temporal, but coarse spatial resolution for inundation characterization in five river deltas located in four different countries. Based on 250 m MODIS reflectance data we analyze inundation dynamics in four densely populated Asian river deltas—namely the Yellow River Delta (China), the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), the Irrawaddy Delta (Myanmar), and the Ganges-Brahmaputra (Bangladesh, India)—as well as one very contrasting delta: the nearly uninhabited polar Mackenzie Delta Region in northwestern Canada for the complete time span of one year (2013). A complex processing chain of water surface derivation on a daily basis allows the generation of intra-annual time series, which indicate inundation duration in each of the deltas. Our analyses depict distinct inundation patterns within each of the deltas, which can be attributed to processes such as overland flooding, irrigation agriculture, aquaculture, or snowmelt and thermokarst processes. Clear differences between mid-latitude, subtropical, and polar deltas are illustrated, and the advantages and limitations of the approach for inundation derivation are discussed.
Mapping Ground Subsidence Phenomena in Ho Chi Minh City through the Radar Interferometry Technique Using ALOS PALSAR Data
Authors: Minh Dinh , Van Trung Le , Toan Thuy
Published: July 2015

The rapidly developing urbanization since the last decade of the 20th century has led to extensive groundwater extraction, resulting in subsidence in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Recent advances in multi-temporal spaceborne SAR interferometry, especially with a persistent scatters interferometry (PSI) approach, has made this a robust remote sensing technique for measuring large-scale ground subsidence with millimetric accuracy. This work has presented an advanced PSI analysis, to provide an unprecedented spatial extent and continuous temporal coverage of the subsidence in Ho Chi Minh City from 2006 to 2010. The study shows that subsidence is most severe in the Holocene silt loam areas along the Sai Gon River and in the southwest of the city. The groundwater extraction resulting from urbanization and urban growth is mainly responsible for the subsidence. Subsidence in turn leads to more flooding and water nuisance. The correlation between the reference leveling velocity and the estimated PSI result is R2 = 0.88, and the root mean square error is 4.3 (mm/year), confirming their good agreement. From 2006 to 2010, the estimation of the average subsidence rate is -8.0 mm/year, with the maximum value up to -70 mm/year. After four years, in regions along Sai Gon River and in the southwest of the city, the land has sunk up to -12 cm. If not addressed, subsidence leads to the increase of inundation, both in frequency and spatial extent. Finally, regarding climate change, the effects of subsidence should be considered as appreciably greater than those resulting from rising sea level. It is essential to consider these two factors, because the city is inhabited by more than 7.5 million people, where subsidence directly impacts urban structures and infrastructure.