bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic reading: fear and trembling or being and belonging?
Authors: Saville Jane , Cooper Tasha , Hunt Stephen
Published: October 2024

At the University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, we are in the second year of a project to promote and improve reading skills. One part of our work has focused on embedding collaborative reading techniques within subjects to improve confidence in tackling texts, promote reading as a social practice, and boost belonging within disciplines and cohorts. Our poster presentation reviews the literature on student emotions towards reading, and how these influence their practices. We use this visual representation when liaising with academic colleagues to co-create and facilitate collaborative reading activities. 
Considerations of the role of student ‘affect’ foreground the motivational dimensions of the reading experience; we look at both pre-existing psychological and emotional barriers to engagement, and incentives and enablers that encourage confident reading and enjoyment of academic texts. We consider how the research literature accords with and further informs our empirical experience of running practical reading workshops. It is hoped that activities such as reading circles and textmapping relieve the individual from sole accountability for comprehension, bringing reading ‘out from the dark’. Deconstructing the process of reading through collaborative roles contributes towards the co-construction of understanding and knowledge, activating fresh insights. 
Discussion of reading through this shared approach potentially helps to develop student confidence, to nurture feelings of belonging, and to enhance cohort identity. However, we are mindful of the real-world impacts and outcomes of reading strategies for the diverse body of students that we encounter in higher education, with their wealth of difference in cognitive abilities, backgrounds, and cultural experiences. Through this literature review, it is intended that learning from work already published will contribute towards evolving best practice in channelling agency and easing anxiety in academic reading for all students.
Agents for curriculum change: the role of Learning Development
Authors: Walsha Robert , Barker Heather
Published: October 2024

Learning Development (LD) can rightly see a role as positive institutional change agents. However, this perception can often be frustrated by external interpretations about the value of study skills (Richards and Pilcher, 2023), which could go some way to perpetuating something of an identity disconnect, where others may often continue to perceive LD as remedial (Bishop et al., 2009).
 
This session aimed to inspire a sense of where opportunities may lie for challenging perceptions with LD as change agents, using our institutional experience of having made some significant headway in influencing wholesale curriculum change. The workshop was an opportunity for exploratory discussions, with participants sharing their experiences of participation in curriculum change initiatives or challenges faced in trying to engineer this role. It considered ways to seize and make the most of other opportunities, such as student guidance on Artificial Intelligence, to be similarly influential.
 
Based on our experience of a new curriculum framework, discussions explored challenges the LD team faced in seeking, in the first instance, to have a significant role in the process, achieving this and the inherent frustrations nevertheless. With participants, we discovered how LD can seize opportunities through recognising the role LD can play, such as defining pedagogical concepts of resourcefulness and resilience, which was inherent in the curriculum design. Group activities explored the challenges in trying to influence curriculum change, shared successes and considered whether this is an effective use of LD time. Group investigations also looked at the importance of collaborating with academic developers, and how this can help address and evolve perceptions of LD as change agents, given that staff educational development can be assumed to be the more natural agent for progressing institutional curriculum change and why an LD presence can bring a unique perspective.
How a buddy scheme created social and intercultural space for international and home students
Authors: Brooks Ebba
Published: October 2024

Buddy schemes are a form of learning intervention that create a space for students to support each other by ‘sharing knowledge, ideas and experience between [...] participants’ (Boud, 2001, p.3). The author set up and conducted research to evaluate a buddy scheme to support international Nursing students on a one-year programme by matching them with a home-student buddy studying at the same level. This small-scale, qualitative study sought to investigate international and home students’ experiences of participating in the buddy scheme. An online survey asked students to evaluate their access to social and academic support before and during the scheme through textual and numerical questions. A self-selecting subgroup of participants subsequently took part in semi-structured interviews to reveal their experiences and insights. These were recorded and transcribed before the data were analysed using inductive textual analysis to identify key themes.
In line with wider literature, this study found peer support has a positive influence on international students’ socio-cultural transition (McPherson, Punch and Graham, 2017; Shu et al., 2020; WONKHE, 2022), yet it is also ‘mutually beneficial’ (Boud, 2001, p.3), having a positive impact on both groups of students. Home students valued the opportunity to build relationships with peers they would not have otherwise met (Bethel, Ward and Fetvadjiev, 2020). This opportunity for intercultural exchange enriched their experience too. As such, this study adds weight to existing evidence that buddy schemes are a useful means by which UK universities can support international and home students.
The five Ps of LD in practice: student partnership approaches in one-to-one, workshops and online work
Authors: Webster Helen Michelle
Published: October 2024

Learning Development espouses values that promote tailored, holistic, empowering, emancipatory, non-judgemental and student-centred practice. However, it is harder to imagine what these values look like as concrete principles in the context of our work, so we can ensure that we are consciously and deliberately enacting them. The Five Ps of LD (Webster, 2023) were developed as a framework to embed the principle of ‘formulation’ into LD practice. Formulation is a partnership approach, borrowed from counselling and psychology, in which the student and the LDer work together as equals to explore academic skills issues holistically and identify suitable ways forward in the context of the student’s own lived experience, rather than a hierarchical, directive one in which the LDer diagnoses and prescribes guidance to the passive student. It also offers a way to turn Academic Literacies (Lea and Street, 1998) from an abstract theory to a pedagogy and a praxis.
This partnership approach has many benefits, not least ensuring that provision is inclusive, emancipatory, and empowering rather than normative and oppressive. It centres and validates the student’s perspective, expertise, and experience of their own learning, not just that of academia, inviting them to respond to the practices and conventions of higher education as works best for them. It also offers a lens to make visible the distinct expertise that Learning Developers bring.
This workshop explored practical approaches for using the Five Ps of LD in a range of common LD contexts: the one-to-one tutorial, small and large group workshops, and online resources. It considered how to use dialogic partnership approaches even in circumstances which favour one-way dissemination of ‘skills guidance’.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF WATER ADDITION INTO INTAKE AIR IN MODERN AUTOMOBILES DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Tuti Mustafa , Şahin Zehra , Durgun Orhan
Published: October 2024

In the present study, the effects of water addition into intake air (WAIA) on combustion, engine performance, and NO emission in diesel engines were investigated numerically. Here, Ferguson's thermodynamic-based zero-dimensional single-zone cycle model was used and improved with some new approaches for neat diesel fuel (NDF) and WAIA. After controlling the model's accuracy for NDF and WAIA, the effects of WAIA were first investigated in the Renault K9K diesel engine. For (5 and 7.5)% water ratios (WRs), effective power decreased by 4.26% and 7.37%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 6.95% and 10.56%, and NO emission reduced by 12.43% and 16.39%, respectively. In the second application, the effects of (3, 6, and 9)% WRs on combustion, engine performance, and NO emission in the Renault M9R type diesel engine were investigated at 4000 rpm by using this developed model. For (3, 6, and 9)% WRs, BSFC increased by 0.97%, 3.39%, and 8.25%, and NO emission decreased by 10.31%, 17.66%, and 34.20%, respectively. For (3 and 6)% WRs effective power increased, and NO emission decreased significantly without considerable deterioration in the BSFC at 4000 rpm. Cylinder pressure values and heat release rate increased for (3 and 6)% WRs and decreased for 9% WR.
Percepción de los docentes de la generación X y Z sobre la educación mediática post COVID-19 de una universidad pública de Tacna-Perú
Authors: Rozas Flores Maria Ruth
Published: October 2024

Este estudio explora la percepción de la educación mediática post COVID-19 entre los docentes de la generación X y Y de una universidad pública en Tacna, Perú. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho docentes. Las entrevistas se analizaron mediante codificación temática siguiendo los lineamientos del Currículo ALFAMED. Los docentes destacaron la importancia de la educación mediática para el desarrollo de competencias digitales y la alfabetización mediática en el contexto post COVID-19, resaltando la necesidad de mejorar la seguridad digital y la privacidad. La percepción incluyó preocupaciones sobre el manejo seguro de datos y la protección contra ciber amenazas, así como el uso ético y responsable de las TIC. Los docentes perciben la educación mediática como esencial para enfrentar los desafíos del entorno digital y consideran que la pandemia aceleró la necesidad de integrar las TIC en la educación.
Automated Defect Detection Using Image Recognition in Manufacturing
Authors: Dikici Sercan , John Robinson Rachel
Published: October 2024

This abstract examines the process of creating a binary classification project on defect detection in manufacturing, highlighting significant learnings and prospective areas that might be tackled differently if the project were to be redone. Obtaining data from internet sources is the first critical stage in the procedure. This stage involves obtaining essential datasets from reputable web sites. Acquiring high-quality and varied data is critical to the project's success since it serves as the foundation for further analysis and modeling. After acquiring the data, the investigation and comprehension of the dataset begin. This process entails extensive study and analysis to get insights into the data's structure, properties, and distribution. Visualization tools are used to comprehend the insights of the data. After understanding the data, the following step is to construct an efficient input pipeline. This entails preparing and processing the data in order to provide a streamlined and efficient pipeline for the model. The model is constructed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in TensorFlow using Python after the input data has been set up. CNNs are a good choice for this project since they do jobs involving images very effectively. To improve the model's performance and avoid overfitting, activation functions, optimization methods, and regularization approaches are carefully selected. The Early Stopping strategy is used with the patience parameter to optimize the training process. When using Early Stopping, the training process is stopped if the performance on the validation set does not increase after a predetermined number of epochs. The model architecture is effectively developed, trained, and optimized by utilizing TensorFlow and Python, enabling effective defect identification in the manufacturing process.
 
Received: 12 July 2024 | Revised: 10 September 2024 | Accepted: 26 October 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Sercan Dikici: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Project administration. Rachel John Robinson: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing - Original draft, Writing - Review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
E-Learning Modules for the Care of Caregivers of Older Filipinos
Authors: Dela Vega, MD, MSc Shelley F.
Published: October 2024

As the population ages, so does the challenge to the care of older people with mental health problems. Geriatric syndromes such as delirium, dementia, and depression are amenable to medical management. Beyond care of the patient, however, is care for the caregiver. Behavioral and Psychological symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) such as agitation, aggression, and delusions increase the risk of caregiver stress. This may lead to strain of individual carers and household members, increasing the patient’s risk for poor care, abuse, or institutionalization. Caregiver education and skills training help reduce the level of caregiver stress. These are usually delivered face to face during clinic visits or training modules by dementia care professionals. However, remote alternatives for education, learning and counselling became essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.
E-workbooks and online learning modules on dementia, delirium, and depression written by professionals in the Philippines and Asia Pacific are available. An example is the Dementia Community Toolkit in English and its Filipino adaptation. The latter was developed by the Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, with support from the Mental Health Unit of WHO WPRO. Patient support groups such as the Alzheimer’s Disease Association of the Philippines likewise developed online learning materials. These were and are still freely available via their websites and the webinars have been uploaded in internet and social media sites.
The efficacy and acceptability of remote education to reduce informal caregiver burden, negative mood, and quality of life was published in a Cochrane meta-analysis. The authors analyzed experimental trials on information, training, or support compared to usual treatment, waitlist, or attention controls. Following several eligibility criteria, they identified 26 studies with 2367 participants in their review. Although most studies were of low quality and had uncertain risks of bias, there was small evidence that training plus support modules resulted in an improvement of caregiver knowledge. Training alone had no benefit on knowledge. Furthermore, there was no significant effect on patient institutionalization, caregiver burden depression, or quality of life.
The article on E-Learning on knowledge on the 3Ds of Geriatric Psychiatry is a good start in understanding the capacity of well-educated Filipino caregivers to improve their knowledge on the subject. Beyond individual knowledge, E-learning modules have the capacity to guide families and communities in reducing ageism and improve patient care for older people with dementia, depression, and delirium. Further experimental studies are needed using locally developed modules. The bigger challenge is accessibility and acceptability of remote learning materials for the greater majority of informal caregivers with lower levels of education and poor access to online resources.
Implementasi Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Dalam Perspektif Trait Approach
Authors: Zikrul Hamdani
Published: October 2024

This study highlights the importance of leadership in Islamic educational institutions, particularly through the trait approach which emphasizes characteristics such as intelligence, maturity, achievement drive, and integrity. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods, this research was conducted at MTs Qur'aniyah Batu Kuta through observations and interviews with the school principal, school committee, teachers, and students, as well as utilizing data from school profiles and religious activity records. The findings indicate that these traits significantly contribute to the effectiveness of the madrasah principal's leadership, as evidenced by the principal's ability to make strategic decisions, manage resources and conflicts, design high-quality curricula, drive innovation, and maintain integrity and transparency in school management. This study offers practical contributions for the development of madrasah principals' leadership and provides theoretical contributions to the study of leadership in the context of Islamic education. It is expected to serve as a basis for the recruitment and professional development of prospective madrasah principals and to enhance the academic literature on leadership in Islamic education.
Manajemen Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di Smp Al Bayan Kota Makassar
Authors: Jumaruddin  , Muhammad Ramli  , Misykat Malik Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the strategic management approach used to improve teaching standards at Al Bayan Junior High School Makassar City. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used include notes, interviews, and observations. This research uses three activity streams for qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification/conclusion drawing. The data triangulation technique was used in assessing the validity of the data. The findings show that: (1) Al Bayan Junior High School Makassar City conducts integrated, methodical, and comprehensive planning through the following stages in order to realize the quality of education: a) Examining the school's internal environment both material, technical, and human resources. b) Examining the geographical, social, and economic context outside the school. c) Careful observation and in-depth analysis. (2) In implementing initiatives aimed at raising educational standards, Al Irsyad leaders use the following policies: a) Continuous process improvement. b) Creating standards for school improvement and quality assurance. c) Establishing a school culture. d) Modifying the organizational structure. e) Maintaining positive interactions with customers. (3) To verify that a high-quality education program has been achieved, evaluation is also conducted in the following ways: a) by tracking all results from planning and implementing strategic management activities. b) evaluating student and individual performance. c) providing reports on how all actions were carried out; and d) making necessary corrections.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Insights, Novel Concepts, and Future Opportunities
Authors: Aryal Sajesan , Panday Sudip , Poudel Rakshya , Baniya Hom Bahadur
Published: October 2024

Over the past 2 decades, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been playing increasingly pivotal roles in cutting edge biomedical applications and has developed into an innovative field of research of growing importance. One promising new medical application of CAP is cancer treatment. Being able to richly induce both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, CAP has been shown to effectively control events critical to cancer initiation/progression; selectively inducing Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and apoptotic cell deaths, reducing tumor volume and vasculature, halting metastasis and conferring anti-tumor effects by taking advantage of e.g., synergies among and between chemotherapeutic drugs and nanoparticles. This paper discusses molecular and immunological mechanisms of CAP treatment as a potential tool against cancers, with a focus on the novel mechanisms by which CAP interacts with chemotherapeutic drugs and nanotechnology. We then attempt to draw parallels between what is already known about the mechanisms of CAP activity, some novel concepts and attempts of CAP synergy, and the knowledge we would need to develop CAP as a potential therapeutic strategy in oncotherapy.
HIGHLIGHTS

This article focused on critical review of cold atmospheric plasma’s (CAP) application in cancer therapy.
CAP technology in cancer treatment has been expected to cause a medical and therapeutic implications.
CAP has strong anticancer efficacy and has been reported about the cell migration and apoptosis.
The major role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species of plasma discharge is to control the core state of cancer transition.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Diyabetli Bireylerde Kaderciliğin Komplikasyonlara İlişkin Risk Algısına Etkisi
Authors: Akgül Esma , Yıldız Ezgi , Gürçay Büşra , Taşkın Yılmaz Feride
Published: October 2024

Giriş: Diyabet yönetiminde diyabetle ilgili bilgilerin tek başına yeterli olmadığı, bireysel inançların da önemli rol oynadığı bilinmektedir.
Amaç: Araştırma, diyabetli bireylerde kaderciliğin komplikasyonlara ilişkin risk algısına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmaya bir üniversite hastanesinin endokrin polikliniğine diyabet tanısı ile başvuru yapan 239 birey dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Hasta Tanılama Formu, Kadercilik Ölçeği ve Risk Algı Ölçeği-Diabetes Mellitus kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kadercilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 56,80±15,02, Risk Algı Ölçeği-Diabetes Mellitus’de risk bilgisi alt boyut puan ortalaması 2,29±0,99 ve bileşik risk algısı alt boyut puan ortalaması 2,53±0,83 olarak bulunmuştur. Risk bilgisinin kadercilik düzeyi ile negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir (r=-0,181; p
On the Timar System and Military Salaries Through Ottoman Documents of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina From the 17th to the First Years of the 19th Century
Authors: Ohranović Fuad
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we write about the oldest Ottoman documents (berats, firmans, buyuruldis and tezkiras) from the Collection of Gifts and Redemptions of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which talk about the allocation of land holdings (timars) and appointments to military duties. Along with the presentation and analysis of the amount of military salaries and income over the centuries, we tried to approximate the value of land holdings and military salaries in this period.
On the Origin of the Settlement Dizdaruša Near Brčko
Authors: Zahirović Nedim
Published: October 2024

Dizdarević, Dazdarević, and Dizdarlija are among the surnames that are common in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These surnames are derived from the Persian noun „dizdar“ (dizdār), which referred to the commander of a fortress during the Ottoman rule. As well as surnames, this term also generates the names of settlements as Dazdarlije, Dizdarev Potok, and Dizdaruša, specifically from the role of dizdar. This essay aims to elucidate the history of the Dizdaruša settlement, which is located close to Brčko. A certain Ali (Alija), who was an officer in the household troops of the Grand Vizier Lala Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, was the first to deliver news of the capture of the Esztergom fortress by Ottoman troops in 1605 to the Sublime Porte in Istanbul. As a reward for this, he obtained a lifetime position as the commander of the Ottoman castle of Brčko. According to the report, this appointment might have been a pivotal moment in the development of the Dizdaruša village near Brčko.
The Employment in the Mines of Skopje In the 15th and 16th Centuries (Kadi, Emin, Nazir and Kâtips)
Authors: Kul Eyüp , Yilmaz Zeynep
Published: October 2024

German Saxon miners played an active role in the exploitation of the rich mineral deposits in Bosnia and Serbia throughout the Middle Ages and in the enrichment of the region. After the conquest of Istanbul, during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror, these rich mineral deposits were gradually captured and incorporated into the Ottoman borders. As a matter of fact, the Ottoman bureaucracy made great efforts to ensure the continuous operation of these mining areas through the nazirs as well as the kâdi and the emin. Accordingly, the mines in what is today the majority of Macedonia, western Bulgaria, Ko- sovo and the southern parts of Serbia were transformed into a mukataa under the name of the Nezaret of Skopje to be administered from a single source. The silver and gold from these mines were converted into coins at the mints of Novo Brdo, Skopje and Kratovo, located close to the region. Although previous studies have provided information about the people involved in the exploitation of a mine, these are generally evaluated in the context of law codes. In particular, the information on katips is limited, and there is no de- tailed information on how many people served in a mine, what the process was for their appointment and dismissal, how much they were paid, whether there were wage differences between mines, and whether the wage balance varied from mine to mine. This study focuses on the work and remuneration of the scribes (maden, chashni, potok, tsarh, rosht, kalhane and sarraf), especially the kâdis who took part in the supervision phase of the mines and the scribes who recorded every stage of the mines, as well as the scribes who took office with the preference of the refugee and the salaries they received in return for their work. In addition, the nazirs, who assumed an important role in the control of the mukataas, and the military officers who assisted them in fulfilling this task were evaluated. In particular, the literature provides enlightening information about the katips who worked in the mining areas, the jobs they performed, the issues that were taken into consideration in their appointment and dismissal, and the salaries they received while performing these jobs.
Tithe, One-Fifth, One-Third, One-Half: Preliminary Notes On The Wider Scope of Agrarian Relations in Ottoman Bosnia in the Classic Period
Authors: Moačanin Nenad
Published: October 2024

Thus far, in dealing with the issue of agrarian relations in 16th-century Otto- man Bosnia the focus has been on the miri land regime, that is, on the state ownership, with a concession made for a different type like the vakıf or mülk land. Some attention was occasionally paid to phenomena such as land lease in the early phase, lump-sum paying, and gradual spread of çiftliks as an occurrence that was running against the classic regime and the like. Thereby a simple fact was overlooked, i.e., the “silent”, but necessary presence of a kind of relationship that must have coexisted with the miri regime without contradicting it. This was the very important fact rooted in the question of the volume of agrarian output, mainly the grain. From village to village the grain to people ratio was uneven: sometimes there was enough per capita, but often it was much above or much below the needs of the community as expressed by the social minimum. Here opens the possibility of taking the “surplus” in the shape of a rate higher than the tithe (or one eight) on the basis of private agreement, outside the scope of the Sacred Law. In order to present this matter in broader outline a comparison was necessary with other parts of the Empire (East Central Anatolia, Southern Syria and Palestine) where rates up to one half of the produce were in vigor according to local regulations with religious approval. The apparently diametrically opposite to each other, the two ap- proaches had still much in common “here” and “there”.
ACUTE URTICARIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Barros de Sá Janilson , Guilherme de Sá Santos João , Carvalho de Sá Vinicius
Published: October 2024

Acute urticaria is a common condition in children, characterized by itchy skin lesions that appear suddenly. Although usually self-limiting, it can cause significant discomfort. Triggers include infections, food allergies, and drug reactions. Management mainly involves antihistamines, with corticosteroids in more severe cases. A systematic analysis of the literature is necessary to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of acute urticaria, seeking to consolidate evidence that helps health professionals in clinical practice. This research uses the systematic literature review method, with the objective of gathering and analyzing the most relevant studies on acute urticaria in children published between 2014 and 2024. Acute urticaria presents with urtices rashes, pruritic, and angioedema alone or in association with urtices. It can be triggered by infections, food allergies, or medications, but often the cause is idiopathic. Most episodes are self-limiting, with symptoms that disappear in less than 24 hours. Educating caregivers about possible triggers and monitoring allergic reactions are key to effective treatment. Acute urticaria in children is common but often underdiagnosed. Although most cases are self-limiting, identifying triggering factors is crucial to preventing recurrences. Proper management is critical for treatment. Educating caregivers about the condition and seeking medical attention in serious situations are essential to ensure the child’s well-being.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurement by iCare Tonometer and Goldman Applanation Tonometer
Authors: Hameed Asem , Saleem Beenish , Mahwish Akhtar  , Yousaf Waseem , Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Qadir Abdul
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the Intraocular Pressure measured by the Goldmann Applanation tonometer with by iCare ic100 tonometer in normal human eye to determine the accuracy and reliability of both methods. 
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Oct 2022 to Apr 2023.
Methodology: Approval was secured prior to enrolling every individual, protecting their privacy throughout the process. All instruments adhered to the manufacturer's guidelines for calibration. A single ophthalmologist assessed the intraocular pressure of all participants. In our study we included 400 eyes (200 right and 200 left) among 200 patients. Initially, study eyes were inspected using a slit lamp. Subsequently, iCare tonometer and Goldman applanation tonometer were employed to gauge the intraocular pressure.
Results: Out of 200, 87 patients (43.5%) were male and 113(56.5%) were females. Median age of the patients was 51.00(45-58) years range from 22-77 years. Mean IOP measured by iCare was 19.01±7.86 mmHg and by Goldman applanation tonomter was 20.14±8.15 mmHg. The correlation coefficient value between the readings of two instruments was r=0.866 with significant p value (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: The iCare ic100 consistently provides high intraocular pressure measurements (2-3mmHg) compared to the Goldmann Applanation tonometer across various sub Groups.
Serum Vitamin D Testing – A Necessity Or An Injudicious Expenditure
Authors: Paracha Athar Iqbal , Muhammad  Qaiser Alam  Khan  , Muhammad  Younas  , Zujaja Hina Haroon  , Muhammad Anwar  , Muhammad  Usman  Munir
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and to determine the justification for vitamin D testing in patients.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Oct to Dec 2022.
Methodology: Patients of either gender coming for vitamin D level estimation were included. Vitamin D levels were analyzed on Immunoassay auto-analyzer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Out of 249 patients, 87(34.9%) were male while 162(65.1%) were female, with mean age 41.09±19.10 years and mean Vitamin D levels 73.08±45.86nmol/l. None of the patients (0%) had vitamin D deficiency, 174(69.9%) had vitamin D insufficiency, 72(28.9%) had vitamin D sufficiency, while 3(1.2%) had vitamin D excess. Major reasons for Vitamin D testing was bone pains, which were present in 72(28.9%) patients. A significant difference in vitamin D levels according to reason of testing (p<0.05) was observed. Total expense on vitamin D testing for 249 patients was PKR 722100/- (249x2900), as compared to cost of supplementation PKR 199200/- (249x800) in clinical suspected cases.
Conclusion: Majority of patients that tested for vitamin D were in lower risk group, and were not vitamin D deficient, with bone pains being the complaint due to which most patients were tested.
Congenital Heart Disease among Neonates in a Neonatal Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jamil Ammara , Ikram Farooq , Nawaz Raazia , Hussain Murtuza , Naz Shagufta , Ateeq Saad
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the pattern of Congenital Heart Disease among neonates in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: A total of 287 participants were enrolled in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling. Echocardiogram was used as a tool to diagnose congenital heart disease.
Results: Among 287 neonates, the mean weight was 2.36±0.73 kg with 49.5% being males and 50.5% females. Most of the neonates were delivered by Lower Segment Cesarean Section (227, 79.1%), while rest (60, 20.9%) were by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Neonates were mostly born at full term (159, 55.4%), followed by preterm (99, 34.5%), and early term (29, 10.1%). Only 34(11.8%) of the neonates showed any Congenital Heart Disease. Ventricular Septal Defect was the most common Congenital Heart Disease defect (15, 44.1%), followed by Patent Ductus Arteriosus (10, 29.4%) and Teratology of Fallot (4, 11.8%), while least common was Pulmonary Atresia (1, 2.9%). The relationship of Congenital Heart Disease with gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, and outcome of the neonate was found to be not significant.
Conclusion: A small proportion of the neonates had Congenital Heart Disease with no significant relationship with gender, delivery mode, gestational age, and outcome of the neonate.
Influence of Age, Gender and BMI on Normal Abdominal Aorta Diameter taken on Abdominal Sonography in Healthy Asymptomatic Pakistani Population
Authors: Qurat-ul-Ain  , Iftikhar Ammara , Mirza Tariq
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the abdominal aorta diameter in asymptomatic Pakistani population to determine the associations between age, gender and BMI and abdominal aortic diameter measured by ultrasonography.
Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2021.
Methodology: A total of ninety-four healthy asymptomatic subjects of both genders, between 18-80 years of age, were enrolled for the study. Aortic diameters were measured (inner to inner method) using electronic calipers on static images. The Anteroposterior and Transverse (TR) diameters were measured at three levels: the first at the aortic hiatus, which was directly below the abdominal aortic commencement, the second at the suprarenal (mid-point), and the third at the aortic bifurcation (lower level).
Results: Males had significantly larger (p-value<0.001) anteroposterior and transverse abdominal aorta diameters than females, with abdominal aorta diameter values found to be significantly higher (p-value 0.001) in age group of greater than 40 years except anteroposterior distal abdominal aorta diameter. Similarly, a significant difference (p-value <0.001) was noted in abdominal aorta diameter among patients with different BMI groups other than distal abdominal aorta diameter.
Conclusion: Abdominal aorta diameters vary greatly depending on age, gender and BMI. Clinicians must know the usual diameter of the abdominal aorta in order to recognize an aneurysm at an early stage.
Carotid Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Farooq Majida , Mumtaz Naila , Saleem Amna , Shah Aqib Ali
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients and find out its association with various risk factors.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Nowshera Pakistan, from May to Jul 2022.
Methodology: Patients, from both genders, were included in this study. Demographic information was obtained from all patients. Patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound after giving informed consent. High-resolution 7.5 MHz probe B mode ultrasonography and atherosclerosis was classified on the basis of grey-scale imaging.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study, out of which 74 were males and 26 were females. Among diabetics, 54% occurrence of atherosclerosis was seen, with a major share of 24% involvement of the left carotid artery, followed by 18% bilaterally, and 12% right carotid artery involvement. Carotid intimal media thickness increased with advancing age, with variable severity of mild in 32%, moderate in 14%, and severe stenosis in 3% of positive cases.
Conclusion: There was a high association of carotid atherosclerosis with diabetes mellitus, having significant association with older age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
Clinicopathological Features of Pakistani Patients with Anti Aquaporin-4 (Aqp-4) Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): A Comparison with Local, Regional and International StudiesOPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDER(NMOSD)-A COMPARISON WITH LOCAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Zain , Riaz Muhammad Omair , Ahmad Dawood , Hussain Muhammad , Tanveer Ayesha , Hassan Muhammad Aftab
Published: October 2024

Objective: To characterize clinicopathological characteristics of patients with anti AQP-4 antibody positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in local population in order to facilitate clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of this rare debilitating illness.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2021 to Dec 2022.
Methodology: The study included 369 individuals presenting at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for serum anti AQP-4 antibody testing by indirect immunofluorescence. Commercial Anti Aquaporin-4 Indirect Immunofluorescence Test Slides along with control serum (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lubeck, Germany) were used and immune-fluorescence was observed using immunofluorescent microscope BA-310.
Results: Out of 369 patients who were tested for Anti Aquaporin-4 antibody, 168(45.5%) were females and 201(54.5%) were males. Total 9(2.43%) patients tested positive including 5(55.5%) females and 4(44.4%) males (p=0.947). Most prevalent core clinical characteristics among patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder were optic neuritis 7(77.8%), acute myelitis 7(77.8%) and area postrema syndrome 6(66.6%). Common presenting core clinical characteristics were area postrema syndrome 4(44.4%) and acute myelitis 4(44.4%). Average diagnostic delay in our study was 2.7±3.2 years.
Conclusion: By keeping high index of suspicion for presenting core clinical characteristics (area postrema syndrome and acute myelitis) clinicians may be able to diagnose and treat this rare disease timely hence decrease average diagnostic delay and prevent associated morbidity and mortality.
Building Practical Wisdom in Business, Organisation and Management through Transformative Civic Education (´Bildung´)
Authors: Küpers Wendelin , Shrivastava Paul , Zsolnai Laszlo
Published: October 2024

This paper revisits the concept of Bildung as a transformative approach to civic education, aimed at renewing business and management education and organisational practices to foster both human and non-human flourishing and sustainability. It synthesises key insights from the literature on practical wisdom and wisdom learning to develop a conception of spiritually informed, embodied wiser practice in business, organisation, and management. As a component of transformative civic education, Bildung is demonstrated to have significant potential for cultivating the character traits, identity, and capabilities needed to address the profound ecological, economic, social, and cultural challenges of the Anthropocene. Specifically, the paper establishes a nexus between spirituality and embodied practical wisdom, advocating for more responsible and sustainable business practices and education. By leveraging the tradition of Bildung, both business practices and education can be rejuvenated through the development of the whole person within social praxis.
A extrema-direita na Guerra Fria: A. C. Pacheco e Silva e o projeto político-pedagógico da Confederação Anticomunista Latinoamericana (Brasil, 1974)
Authors: Machado Rodolfo Costa
Published: October 2024

Joga-se luz à pedagogia do inimigo comunista de importante reacionário brasileiro – o médico eugenista, professor de psiquiatria e empresário Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva – defendida no Brasil em 1974 na II Conferência da Confederação Anticomunista Latinoamericana (CAL). Resgata-se seu papel no golpe de 1964 contra Jango via Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais (IPÊS). Destacam-se a filiação da extrema-direita brasileira na CAL e a participação de Pacheco e Silva nela. Resume-se a cosmovisão do plano político-pedagógico da Comissão contra a Subversão em Escolas e Universidades apresentado ao congresso da CAL de 1974. Contribui-se à crítica historiográfica do internacionalismo anticomunista da Guerra Fria, explicitando a presença brasileira na internacionalização das extremas-direitas via Pacheco e Silva e CAL. Compulsaram-se a literatura especializada e as fontes do Serviço Nacional de Informações da ditadura militar.
Considerações acerca da importância do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC) para a formação inicial de professores: ênfase para as licenciaturas em geografia
Authors: Viana Francisco de Oliveira , Carvalho Lucas Silva , Pereira Regina Célia de Castro
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho aborda questões acerca da formação de professores de Geografia. Tem como principal objetivo levantar algumas reflexões sobre o lugar da Universidade na profissionalização do docente que atua nas salas de aula da educação básica, sobretudo na educação geográfica e a importância do PPC para nortear as ações docentes na formação de professores. Utilizando o método dialético, e baseado em metodologias de revisão bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários para professores, utilizamos como recorte de estudo o curso de Geografia licenciatura da Universidade estadual do Maranhão (UEMA). O resultado obtido através da aplicação de questionários aos professores releva que o apesar de o PPC ser um documento fundamental na promoção de um curso superior, ainda é relativamente pouco utilizado no cotidiano acadêmico do curso de geografia licenciatura
Impacto positivo do uso das metodologias ativas de aprendizagem no ensino da geografia: uma análise bibliográfica a partir de experiências na educação básica
Authors: Silva Gisely Francelina Do Vale , Menezes Priscylla Karoline de
Published: October 2024

Por muito tempo o método de ensino tradicional predominou as práticas educacionais na educação básica, de modo a estabelecer uma aprendizagem adquirida exclusivamente por meio da transmissão e memorização dos conteúdos. Direcionado a Geografia, diversas foram as suas mudanças de abordagens no seu estudo, assim como em suas condutas pedagógicas. Presencia-se, atualmente, modificações diante destas práticas, de modo a problematizar o processo exclusivamente tradicional, inserindo assim, a necessidade ativa do aluno diante do seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem; para isso alguns dos mecanismos metodológicos usados estão sendo as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. Diante destes contextos, foi elaborado o presente trabalho sendo, portanto, de revisão bibliográfica no qual objetiva-se na análise da inserção das metodologias ativas no ensino de Geografia baseando-se em experiências na educação básica. Neste sentido, a metodologia utilizada foi fundamentada em uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos retirados das bases do Google Acadêmico e Periódicos Capes, para que assim obtivesse dados referente aos resultados que foram gerados por meio da utilização desses mecanismos ativos, posteriormente, após a revisão foram sistematizados os respectivos dados em uma tabela para melhor visualização. Diante do estudo, concluiu-se a efetiva relevância e suporte no qual as diversificadas metodologias ativas promovem no ensino de Geografia, atestando para isso as diferentes habilidades cognitivas estimuladas, assim como os resultados satisfatórios na assimilação e problematização dos conteúdos.
NORMATIVAS DO AEE NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA:REFLEXO NA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL EM PORTO UNIÃO
Authors: Carvalho Andrieli , Santiago Valkiria de Novais
Published: October 2024

This article aims to bring a provocation regarding Specialized Educational Assistance in Santa Catarina and what its impact is in the municipality of Porto União, to achieve this by adopting a qualitative, bibliographic, documentary, exploratory research method. To answer this question, we will work with the following specific objectives to briefly discuss the history of AEE in Brazil; explore current documents related to AEE in the state of Santa Catarina with an emphasis on the school and family relationship, operating spaces and teachers; and relate the regulations explored with the educational reality of AEE in the city of Porto União. We concluded that the research was important, since we were able to realize that even with advances in the perspective of inclusive special education, there is still a long way to go towards achieving effectiveness of this right, especially in schools, in relation to the social aspect, we understand that the research elucidates the importance of knowing a little more about this universe so that, with the collaboration of all rights, they are not neglected.
Análisis de los planes de estudio en economía social solidaria del nivel maestría en méxico
Authors: Olguin Andrade Sugeyli Donaji , Rojas Herrera Maria Elena
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo se exponen los resultados de una investigación cualitativa del análisis de los planes de estudio del nivel maestría en Economía Social Solidaria en cinco universidades mexicanas, abordando aspectos epistemológicos, metodológicos, retos y perspectivas.
El estudio identificó: programas de reciente creación, incremento de la oferta, proceso de construcción epistemológica propio e iniciativas metodológicas innovadoras en la práctica de una educación democrática, solidaria y dialógica.
BRINCAR DE APRENDER: A LUDICIDADE COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Alves Silvana Dantas , Silva Elias Alves da
Published: October 2024

Esse artigo foi realizado por meio de um estudo bibliográfico com base “O lúdico utilizado como estratégia de aprendizagem na educação infantil”, a fim de objetivo geral compreender a ludicidade, como estratégia didática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem para a educação infantil. Com o intuito de apresentar uma base teórica por meio de autores como Kishimoto (2013), Santos (2012), Ariès (1981), e outros. Com a coleta de dados e com o propósito em estudos que apresentam a ludicidade como um recurso didático na educação infantil, como uma estratégia pedagógica, e que promova benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças.