bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and painting scheme considerations for the CSNS injection
Authors: Huang Ming-Yang , Xu Shouyan , Deng Changdong , Wang Sheng
Published: May 2024

The accelerator complex of China Spallation Neutron Source
(CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H- Linac and a 1.6 GeV proton
rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The beam injection is one of the
most important issues for the CSNS accelerator complex. In this
paper, the injection methods have been comprehensively studied,
including phase space painting and H- stripping. By using the
design scheme of the anti-correlated painting, the beam power has
successfully reached 50 kW. However, some difficulties have been
found in the higher power beam commissioning. In order to solve
these key problems, flexibility in the CSNS design has been
exploited to implement the correlated painting by using the rising
current curve of the pulse power supply. The effectiveness of the
new method has been verified in the simulation and beam
commissioning. By using the new method, the beam power on the target
has successfully risen to the design value. Secondly, according to
the CSNS beam commissioning experience, based on the present design
of the injection system, a new idea is proposed to perform both
correlated and anti-correlated painting in the CSNS. By adopting an
additional vertical shift bump generated by four additional
alternating current (AC) magnets in the injection region, the local
orbit can be manipulated to meet the requirement of correlated
painting. The new method can not only perform the correlated
painting, but also optimize the anti-correlated painting. The
simulation study shows that the new method works well, and both
correlated and anti-correlated painting methods are well performed.
Optics for Landau damping with minimized octupolar resonances in the LHC
Authors: Tomás R. , Carlier F. , Chudoba F. , Deniau L. , Dilly J. , Ferrentino V. , Horney S. , Hostettler M. , Keintzel J. , Kostoglou S. , Le Garrec M. , Maclean E.H. , Nissinen T. , Paraschou K. , Persson T. , Solfaroli M. , Soubelet F. , Wegscheider A. , Wenninger J.
Published: May 2024

Operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) requires strong
octupolar magnetic fields to suppress coherent beam instabilities.
The amplitude detuning that is generated by these octupolar magnetic
fields brings the tune of individual particles close to harmful
resonances, which are mostly driven by the octupolar fields
themselves. In 2023, new optics were deployed in the LHC at
injection with optimized betatronic phase advances to minimize the
resonances from the octupolar fields without affecting the amplitude
detuning. This paper reports on the optics design, commissioning,
and lifetime measurements performed to validate the optics.
Technological developments and accelerator improvements for the FRIB beam power ramp-up
Authors: Wei J. , Alleman C. , Ao H. , Arend B. , Barofsky D. , Beher S. , Bollen G. , Bultman N. , Casagrande F. , Chang W. , Choi Y. , Cogan S. , Cole P. , Compton C. , Cortesi M. , Curtin J. , Davidson K. , Di Carlo S. , Du X. , Elliott K. , Ewert B. , Facco A. , Fila A. , Fukushima K. , Ganni V. , Ganshyn A. , Ginter T. , Glasmacher T. , Gonzalez A. , Hao Y. , Hartung W. , Hasan N. , Hausmann M. , Holland K. , Hseuh H.C. , Ikegami M. , Jager D. , Jones S. , Joseph N. , Kanemura T. , Kim S.H. , Knowles C. , Konomi T. , Kortum B. , Kulkarni N. , Kwan E. , Lange T. , Larmann M. , Larter T. , Laturkar K. , LaVere M. , Laxdal R.E. , LeTourneau J. , Li Z.-Y. , Lidia S. , Machicoane G. , Magsig C. , Manwiller P. , Marti F. , Maruta T. , Metzgar E. , Miller S. , Momozaki Y. , Mugerian M. , Morris D. , Nesterenko I. , Nguyen C. , Ostroumov P. , Patil M. , Plastun A. , Popielarski L. , Portillo M. , Powers A. , Priller J. , Rao X. , Reaume M. , Rodriguez S. , Rogers S. , Saito K. , Sherrill B.M. , Smith M.K. , Song J. , Steiner M. , Stolz A. , Tarasov O. , Tousignant B. , Walker R. , Wang X. , Wenstrom J. , West G. , Witgen K. , Wright M. , Xu T. , Yamazaki Y. , Zhang T. , Zhao Q. , Zhao S. , Hurh P. , Prestemon S. , Shen T.
Published: May 2024

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) began operation
with 1 kW beam power for scientific users in May 2022 upon
completion of 8 years of project construction. The ramp-up to the
ultimate beam power of 400 kW, planned over a 6-year period, will
enable the facility to reach its full potential for scientific
discovery in isotope science and applications. In December 2023, a
record-high beam power of 10.4 kW uranium was delivered to the
target. Technological developments and accelerator improvements are
being made over the entire facility and are key to completion of the
power ramp-up. Major technological developments entail the phased
deployment of high-power beam-intercepting systems, including the
charge strippers, the charge selection systems, the production
target, and the beam dump, along with support systems, including
non-conventional utilities (NCU) and remote handling
facilities. Major accelerator improvements include renovations to
aging legacy systems associated with experimental beam lines and
system automation for improved operational efficiency and better
machine availability. Experience must be gained to safely handle the
increased radiological impacts associated with high beam power;
extensive machine studies and advanced beam tuning procedures are
needed to minimize uncontrolled beam losses for the desired
operating conditions. This paper discusses the technological
developments and accelerator improvements with emphasis on major
R&D efforts.
Macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Li Chuyu , Zhang Ruoyu , Huang Lili
Published: May 2024

Infectious diseases severely threaten human health, and traditional treatment techniques face multiple limitations. As an important component of immune cells, macrophages display unique biological properties, such as biocompatibility, immunocompatibility, targeting specificity, and immunoregulatory activity, and play a critical role in protecting the body against infections. The macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles not only maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles but also inherit the characteristics of macrophages, making them excellent tools for improving drug delivery and therapeutic implications in infectious diseases (IDs). In this review, we describe the characteristics and functions of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles and their advantages and challenges in ID therapy. We first summarize the pathological features of IDs, providing insight into how to fight them. Next, we focus on the classification, characteristics, and preparation of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles. Finally, we comprehensively describe the progress of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in combating IDs, including drug delivery, inhibition and killing of pathogens, and immune modulation. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
Odontogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium-doped bioactive glass in vital pulp therapy
Authors: Zhong Yewen , Liu Cong , Yan Xin , Li Xiangdong , Chen Xiaofeng , Mai Sui
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnesium-doped bioactive glass (Mg-BG) on the mineralization, odontogenesis, and anti-inflammatory abilities of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Mg-BG powders with different Mg concentrations were successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method and evaluated using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Apatite formation was observed on the surfaces of the materials after soaking in simulated body fluid. hDPSCs were cultured with Mg-BG powder extracts in vitro, and no evident cytotoxicity was observed. Mg-BG induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and mineralization of hDPSCs and upregulated the expression of odontogenic genes, including those encoding dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, ALP, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2. Moreover, Mg-BG substantially suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Mg-BG has excellent in vitro bioactivity and is a potential material for vital pulp therapy of inflamed pulps.
How boundary interactions dominate emergent driving of inertial passive probes in active matter
Authors: Shea Jeanine , Jung Gerhard , Schmid Friederike
Published: May 2024

Colloidal probes immersed in an active bath have been found to behave like active particles themselves. Here, we use simulations to investigate the mechanisms behind this behavior. We find that the active motion of the colloid cannot be simply attributed to the convective motion in the bath. Instead, the boundary of the probe contributes significantly to these adopted dynamics by causing active bath particles to spontaneously accumulate at the probe. This gathering of active bath particles then pushes the probe, thus promoting its emergent active-particle-like behavior. Furthermore, we find that the dynamic properties of the probe depend on its size in a non-monotonic way, which further highlights the non-trivial interplay between probe and bath.
Seedlings growth from different age of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) experiencing repeated leaf fall
Authors: Junaidi  , Andriyanto M , Fauzi I R , Putri D A , Ismi S B , Rambe N P , Ginting H M
Published: May 2024

The budding technique propagation requires rootstock, which are raised from rubber seeds. Due to repeated leaf fall disease since 2015, seed production dropped and threatened the rubber-replanting program. Amid this situation, young trees may be a temporary source of the seeds for rootstocks, which under normal conditions is not recommended. To test this hypothesis, a comparison of germination rate, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of the seeds from young and mature PB 260 rubber trees was carried out at Sungei Putih Research Unit, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study showed that the germination rate of the seeds was low i.e. 7.23 + 2.96 % of young plants and 21.96 + 13.51 % of mature plants respectively, both were below normal values around 70 – 80%. After germination, no significant difference was found in the growth of seedlings from young trees and their mature counterparts. The root/shoot ratio exhibited no significant difference between the two types of seedlings observed, indicating a similar biomass accumulation capability. In the condition when seed supply was limited due to leaf fall disease, the seeds of young trees might be used as a temporary source with standard selection protocols should be implied.
Optimizing Nutrient Management: Slow-Release NPK Granule Fertilizer Enhanced with Zeolite and Humic Acid for Sustainable Plantation Crops
Authors: Suwardi  , Darmawan  , Oktariani Putri , Malahayati Yusuf Sri , Randrikasari Octaviana
Published: May 2024

A study focused on addressing the efficiency issues associated with NPK fertilizer, which is crucial for plant growth but prone to nutrient loss through various mechanisms such as leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. This research investigates the potential of zeolite and humic acid in controlling the release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) from NPK Granule Plus fertilizer. NPK Granules Plus are made by mixing NPK fertilizer with zeolite and humic acid as a coating for controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Incubation experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University to determine the release pattern of NPK Granule Plus in the soil. At the same time, field experiments were carried out in rubber plantations and kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants planted at Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya, West Java to determine the effect on rubber production and growth of kopyor coconut. The results of the study demonstrate that the application of NPK Granule Pus effectively mitigates the slower release of N and K. Application of NPK Granule Plus 300 kg/ha to rubber plants increased the rubber latex production by 28% over control. Meanwhile, application of NPK Granule Plus fertilizer to kopyor coconut plants increased the plant height, plant diameter, and number of leaves compared to those of NPK Granule Conventional Fertilizer. These findings suggest that the use of zeolite and humic acid in NPK Granule Plus holds promise for optimizing nutrient retention in plantation crops, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and increasing production of plants.
Exposure of Beauveria bassiana from different sites to changes in behaviour and mortality of oil palm beetle larvae: Oryctes rhinoceros
Authors: Erawati D N , Taufika R , Fisdiana U , Humaida S
Published: May 2024

The potential of Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent for Oryctes rhinoceros is still rarely reported. The objective of the research was to analyse the behaviour and mortality of O. rhinoceros larva due to exposure to several of B. bassiana. The research method used the Completely Randomized Design and analysis with 5% Tukey’s test. The results showed that B. bassiana form different sites had the potential to be developed as an effective biological control product in controlling O. rhinoceros as a part of novelty to explore the biodiversity of native biological control in Indonesia. Larvae of O. rhinoceros that were exposed to and infected with B. bassiana experienced changes in movement activity and decreased appetite as well as differences in cuticle colour, the initially limp body will turn stiff while the cuticle colour will change and the next symptom will be white mycelium growth which was proven by the SEM. The B. bassiana from Jember 1 had the highest mortality rate of 37.5% at 30 days after application even though it had the lowest spore density. These results indicate something new and require further study regarding the toxin content of each B. bassiana from different sites.
Effectiveness of NPK compound (15-15-6) fertilizer to improve maize performance in inceptisol soil
Authors: Krismawati A , Arifin Z , Latifah E , Baswarsiati  , Fauziah L , Purbiati T , Anggraeni L
Published: May 2024

Producer of fertilizer mandatory to carry out fertilizer effectiveness tests before their products were marketed, because the results of fertilizer effectiveness tests was determined by the Ministry of Agriculture to protect consumers from adverse impacts due to the use of fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NPK compound (15-15-6) fertilizer to improve maize performance. The study was conducted Keling Village, Kepung Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, East Java Province, since January - April 2019. The study used RBD with 6 treatments and 4 replications, namely A = control, B = SFD, C = 300 kg Urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 200 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, D = 300 kg Urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 300 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, E = 250 Urea ha−1 + 400 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1, and F = 200 Urea ha−1 + 500 kg NPK 15-15-6 ha−1. The results showed that treatment F obtained of 8.35 t.ha−1, R/C-ratio 2,65, RAE value 137.38%, and the profite farming IDR. 21,850,000 per hectare.
Application of Planting System and Organic Fertilizer on the Yield of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc in Lampung
Authors: Endriani  , Arief R W , Diptaningsari D , Wardani N , Soraya  , Asnawi R
Published: May 2024

The low rice productivity in Lampung needs to be increased. The objectives of this study were to introduce new superior Inpari IR Nutri Zinc rice and determine the effect of planting systems and biofertilizer on the growth and yield of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc rice in technically irrigated rice fields in Lampung. The experiment was carried out in technically irrigated rice fields in Kalirejo Village, Negeri Katon District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, using a split-plot design in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments tested were three rice planting systems as the main plot and the dose of biofertilizer as a sub-plot. The parameters observed components of growth and yield components. Data were analyzed with the SAS software 5.4 version. The results showed that the application of biofertilizers gave effects on rice yield. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of biofertilizers can increase rice yields by 10-12% compared to those without biofertilizers, in the three cropping systems. The application of biofertilizers resulted in the highest harvested dry grain production, namely 6.61 tons per hectare and significantly different than that without biofertilizers, namely 5.96 tons per hectare. The production of dry grain harvested by the three cropping systems was not significantly different at an average of 6.28 tons per hectare.
Integrated farming organic based on a partnership close-loop system in blambangan plantation, Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Djamali R. A. , Cahyaningrum D. T. , Retnowati N.
Published: May 2024

This will decide the direction of customer attitudes and decisions to transition to consuming healthy and safe food items, together with the dynamics of expanding consumer preferences regarding the relevance of health and food safety. The primary option for addressing the shifting demands of consumers is organic food. The tendency to buy organic food items is positively impacted by consumer education about health and safety. Health and safety awareness has a favorable impact on consumers’ decisions to buy organic food. PT. Sirtanio Organic Indonesia in Banyuwangi is one of the commercial actors that regularly and constantly produce organic food ingredients (organic rice and soybeans). The goal of this project is to develop partnerships-based, integrated organic farming that uses a closed-loop system. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose the descriptive qualitative research approach at the company PT Sirtanio Organik Indonesia. In-depth interviews and group brainstorming with practitioners and higher education specialists are the methods used to acquire the data. The following are the conclusions: (1) an integrated organic farming pattern based on a close loop system (IFO-CLS) business development plan was successfully created; and (2) the IFO-CLS model was successfully implemented, particularly organic soybean production at PT. Sirtanio Organik through the Matching Fund-Kedaireka Kemristekdikti program in 2022.
Increasing Robusta Coffee Production Through a Rejuvenation Agrotechnology System in The Politeknik Negeri Jember Collection Garden
Authors: Hartatie D , Setyoko U , Supriyadi  , Handayani H T
Published: May 2024

Robusta coffee is more produced because of the wider area of Arabica coffee. However, coffee productivity is not offset by plant maintennace. Pruning coffee plants is one way of rejuvenating coffee plants that coffee farmers can do to maintain their productivity a part from replanting. This study was conducted to determine the effect of agrotechnology rejuvination on robusta coffee clones BP 42, BP 234, BP 409, and BP 534 in the collection garden of Politeknik Negeri Jember which are no longer productive so with a 100% rejuvenation system for each clone is carried out. The research method was carried out by observation of coffee plants and shade plants, Foccus Group Discussion (FGD), training and assistance in the implementation of pruning. Temperature and humidity observations are carried out every 2 days in the morning, afternoon and evening with 3 repetitions. The results showed that the rejuvenation method was said to be successful, because the four clones namely BP 42, BP 234, BP 409, and BP 534 produced good shoot growth. The average good growth of shoots was found in BP 409 and BP 534 clones of 100%, followed by BP 42 and BP 234 clones of 94.4%.
Characterization and production hydroponic fodder for corn (Zea mays) and sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) at different harvest times
Authors: Wulandari S , Kusuma S B , Utomo B , Respati A N
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to determine the characterization and production of hydroponic fodder corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at different harvest ages. The study used a randomized complete factorial design. The first factor was plant type (corn and sorghum) and the second factor was harvest age (7 days, 10 days and 13 days). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Variables observed included number of leaves, the growth rate of fodder plants, the fresh production of fodder plants, and the dry matter production of fodder plants. The research stages included seed preparation, planting, maintenance and harvesting. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further test using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of the research show that corn is better used as fodder compared to sorghum, because corn fodder has a greater number of leaves, the growth speed is faster, the production of fresh and dry matter is also higher compared to sorghum fodder. A harvest time of 10 days relatively produces higher production and a shorter time compared to a harvest time of 13 days. The conclusion of this research is that the best growth and biomass production results is corn fodder crops with a harvest time of 10 days.
Feeding tobacco waste flour as a feed additive to evaluate quail performances and physical qualities of quail eggs under the tropics
Authors: Syahniar TM , Nurkholis  , Andriani M
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to assess quail performances and physical qualities of quail eggs which fed various level additions of tobacco waste flour in laying quail diets for the first couple weeks of maintenance under tropical environment. This research used layer quail aged 85 days with bodyweight around 205.15±22.61 g/bird as experimental animals. It was as many as 240 birds that were randomly divided based on 4 treatment levels with 6 repetitions. Treatment levels of tobacco waste flour (TWF) additives were formulated rations without TWF (0% TWF, T1 as negative control); formulated rations with 1.5% TWF (T2); formulated rations with 3% (T3) and commercial feed (0% TWF, T4 as positive control). This research was designed using a CRD pattern. Quail housed in colony cages were fed rations with 4 treatment levels according to the quail standard necessity and ad-libitum access to drinking water. The parameters observed were quail performances which consisted of daily feed intake, quail day production, and physical qualities (egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, and haugh unit [HU]) of quail eggs. Results denoted that treatment levels were strongly significant (P<0.05) on the daily feed intake but had a similar (P>0.05) percentage of quail day production. It also presented a significant result (P<0.05) on all parameters of physical qualities, except on HU. They indicated that the inclusion of TWF in the quail diet under tropical environments was able to streamline daily intake, and maintain egg production stability, but did not adverse physical qualities of quail eggs.
Utilization of golden apple snail egg as feed additive in laying hen
Authors: Nusantoro S , Kustiawan E , Nurfitriani R A , Rukmi D L , Suyadi  , Natsir M H , Sjofjan O
Published: May 2024

Naturally bioresources play an important role as bio-additive sources in animal production. The eggs of golden apple snails could be a source of carotenoid, particularly astaxanthin. The goal of this experiment was to assess the impact of the eggs of golden apple snails on the growth performance of laying chickens. A feeding trial comprising three treatments of ration that were incorporated with various levels of golden apple-snail eggs was fed to the laying chickens. After two weeks of the experiment, the growth performance of the bird was assessed. The incorporation of the golden apple snail eggs in the ration affected the feed intake of laying chicken but not growth and feed conversion.
Effectiveness mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis using EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) to increase xylanase enzyme activity
Authors: Pantaya D , Alfriani C N E , Asrianto N , Subagja H
Published: May 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effect of mutagenizing Bacillus subtilis with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) for xylanase production and evaluate the effect of different xylan concentrations from corn cobs. The xylanase enzyme is an enzyme that can reduce the xylan content which is an anti-nutrient in animal feed. The wild-type Bacillus subtilis was treated with 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of EMS. The mutants generated were selected for xylanase production in a medium containing xylan from corn cobs as a carbon source. The parameters observed included: Total Plate Count (TPC) and reducing sugar (xylose). Protein concentration and xylanase enzymes were analyzed using the Bradford method and 3.5 Dinitro salicylic acid for reducing sugar according to Miller methods respectively. Five mutants developed from each of the EMS concentrations. Approximately 6 and 6.8 % of the mutants developed from 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of EMS had higher xylanase activities than the wild type and protein and xylose concentrations were higher than the wild type. From the results of the research, it can be seen that the use of EMS compounds has the potential to increase enzyme activity so that it can be potential in reducing antinutrients in animal feedstuff.
The effect of different types of leavening agents on the physical characteristics and sensory of red bean sponge cake
Authors: Lee S M , Widodo F , Lo D
Published: May 2024

Red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has rapid growth in Indonesia with high production capacity. It has 50% more protein and 88% more crude fiber content than wheat flour. This makes red beans one of the potential raw materials for making sponge cake without using wheat flour. However, red bean-based products need additional food additives to improve the physical characteristics of sponge cake. The purpose of this study is to develop a sponge cake product made from red bean flour as a substitute for wheat flour with the addition of food additives (SP, TBM, ovalette, baking powder, baking soda, and cream of tartar) also to determine the effect of using the type of leavening agent on physical characteristic and preference level on red bean sponge cake. Hardness, density, swelling power, swelling stability, crumbs analysis, color properties, and sensory evaluation was conducted using six different leavening agents. Furthermore, the sample analysis was performed triplicate then analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the physical characteristic test, the best addition of food additives is SP, TBM, and baking powder. Furthermore, red bean sponge cake with the addition of SP was the most liked by the panelists with a score of 3.79.
The effects of sugar substitution with cinnamon powder in moringa jelly candy
Authors: Sadek N F , Lie D B
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sugar substitution with cinnamon powder (CP) on moringa jelly candy (MJC). Four MJC formulations were made based on the level of sugar substitution using 0%, 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% CP, coded as control, F1, F2, and F3, respectively. Samples were then analyzed for nutritional content, water activity, color, texture, antioxidant activity (using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method), sweetness intensity (using 9-scales rating test), sensory acceptance (using 9-point hedonic test), and sensory profile (using CATA/Check-All-That-Apply). Substituting sugar with CP significantly increased moisture content, antioxidant activity, and hedonic acceptance but significantly decreased the total sugars and calories. However, no significant effects were observed on hardness, water activity, and protein content. Based on the De Garmo effectiveness index, 15% sugar substitution with CP (F2) resulted in the optimum MJC formulation having moisture content 30.71%, protein content 12.59%, total Brix (sugar) 62.00%, total calories 277.04 kcal/100 g, hardness 13.47 N, lightness (L*) 34.63, water activity 0.90, antioxidant activity 83.13%, and the overall liking score 5.34 (neither like nor dislike). The F2 had medium sweetness intensity (5.54), which was not statistically different from the control. The F2 sensory profile was in the opposite quadrant against control and positively correlated with cinnamon taste and aroma, which were also highly associated with product liking. This result indicates that CP is promising as a sugar substitute and to improve the sensory acceptance of MJC by masking the undesirable moringa flavor.
Effects of heat-moisture treatment duration and bean condition on the physicochemical properties of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) starch
Authors: Ridawati  , Alsuhendra
Published: May 2024

Phaseolus vulgaris L (red beans) contain starch that is primarily composed of 44.8% amylose and 55.2% amylopectin but exhibit temperature instability despite their dietary prevalence. This study used Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) to improve starch attributes in red beans, testing the effects of 4, 5, and 6-hour treatments at 110°C on both fresh and dried samples. The results indicated that both the HMT duration and the beans’ initial state significantly affected the starch’s properties. For fresh beans, the moisture content was reduced from 11.56%±0.54 to 3.04%±0.18, while in dried beans, it decreased from 9.32%±0.94 to 3.81%±0.04. Ash content changed minimally ranging from 1.14%±0.25 to 1.96%±0.02. Bulk density in native fresh and dried starches initially recorded at 0.71 g/mL±0.01 and 0.81 g/mL±0.01, respectively, was observed to decrease after HMT, particularly to 0.51 g/mL±0.01 for dried beans treated for 4 hours. Tapped density varied slightly, reaching up to 0.86 g/mL±0.04. Water activity in both bean types also reduced to 0.42±0.01. In conclusion, HMT significantly enhances Phaseolus vulgaris L starch by lowering moisture, bulk density, and water activity, while maintaining ash content. Further studies should explore the best HMT duration and examine the modified starch’s functional attributes.
Application of the kano model to identify important sensory attributes of bubble tea drinks accompanied with boba pearl made from purple sweet potato and sugar palm fruit
Authors: Daffa V K , Romulo A
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian bubble tea market is experiencing rapid growth and continuous innovation, marked by a diverse array of flavors and conceptual approaches. Bubble tea commonly includes tapioca pearls, rich in carbohydrates but lacking essential nutrients. To create healthier boba pearls, alternative ingredients like sweet purple potato and sugar palm fruit could be utilized. However, the critical sensory attributes influencing consumer preferences for these boba pearls remain unidentified. This research aims to discern essential attributes in bubble tea drinks with boba pearls made from purple sweet potatoes and sugar palm fruit, utilizing the Kano model to identify influential attributes. The KANO survey identified several attractive attributes, including the use of purple sweet potatoes and sugar palm fruit as main ingredients, the natural purple color, aroma, and taste of purple sweet potatoes, vanilla aroma and taste, utilization of cassava fructose syrup, creaminess in the bubble tea drink, and a naturally sweet taste from cassava fructose syrup. These attractive attributes demonstrated customer satisfaction coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.82 and dissatisfaction coefficients from -0.03 to 0.05. These findings are valuable for prioritizing attributes in the development of appealing and healthier bubble tea beverages, addressing consumer preferences effectively.
Nutritional value and fiber content of cookies prepared from okara flour substitution: study on dietary fiber, isoflavone, and chemical properties
Authors: Fadhila P T , Rakhmadevi A G , Mardiyanto M , Nurwahyuningsih
Published: May 2024

Cookies as a popular and ready-to-eat snack began to be developed as an alternative food for people with special diets. Soy products are known to be a source of inexpensive protein, nutritious and have functional properties. Okara as a soybean residue from soymilk production has nutritional value such as protein, fat, antioxidant like isoflavone and others that can be applied to a variety of food such as cookies. The target of this study is to evaluate the fiber and nutritional value of cookies made from okara flour. Prepared cookies are analyzed for proximate, texture, antioxidant and fiber content. This study used ANOVA and followed with Honest Significants Difference (HSD) consisting 3 treatments (A0B0-without substitution of okara flour, A3B2-20% okara flour substitution and 0,5gram cinnamon powder and A4B2-30% okara flour substitution and 0,5gram cinnamon powder). The range of the cookie’s moisture content, ash, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate was 2.16-4.01%, 1.39-1.65%, 9.1-17.09%, 17.20-21.07%, and 60.24-65.86% respectively. The highest fiber content (3.52%) and isoflavone level (47.4μg/mg) of cookies were cookies prepared with okara flour substitution 30%.
The analysis of nutritive value, vitamin, and minerals content of natural isotonic beverages formulated from Smart Green House Melon
Authors: Ratri P R , Yuanta Y , Puspita S D
Published: May 2024

The development of isotonic beverages on the market is very rapid because many types of isotonic beverages meet the standards for consumption. One of the local food ingredients that has the potential to be developed as a natural isotonic beverage is melon because it has good nutritional and energy content. This study aims to determine the nutritional and mineral content of three isotonic beverage formulations made from Smart Green House (SGH) melon. The method of this study is an experimental laboratory. There are three formulations of isotonic beverages, P1 contains 89.5% of melon, P1 contains 84.5% of melon, and P3 contains 74.5% of melon. The Laboratory analysis showed that formula P1 has higher nutritional content than formula P2 and P3. The nutrition contents of P1 are potassium 149 + 2.83 mg/100g, sodium 132 + 4.24 mg/100g, pH 4.35 + 0.01, vitamin C 11.3 + 0.28%, calories 44.99 + 0.06 kcal/100 g, carbohydrates 10.23 + 0.04%, and sucrose 8.78 + 0.04%. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that SGH melon has the potential to be developed into a healthy isotonic beverage.
Stability of antioxidant activity of aloe vera powder during storage
Authors: Kusrina L E , Wariyah Ch , Slamet A
Published: May 2024

Aloe vera powder is known to offer health benefits and possesses inherent antioxidant properties. However, the powder shows hygroscopic characteristics and causes a decrease in antioxidant activity. Implementing appropriate packaging measures to safeguard the integrity of the antioxidant activity is essential. In order to assess the antioxidant properties of aloe vera powder’s shelf life and stability throughout storage until it reaches critical conditions, this research was conducted.. A non-factorial, completely randomized design was used with open and closed storage using 0.80 mm polypropylene plastic packaging. Aloe vera powder was stored at 25°C and relative humidity (RH) of 75-80% until the critical conditions were reached at a moisture content of 12.00%. The analysis was carried out periodically for water, phenol, and antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed a significant increase in the moisture content during storage and decreased phenol and antioxidant activity. The unpacked powder reached its critical condition after 120 hours, whereas the powder enclosed in 0.80 mm polypropylene plastic packaging required a significantly longer duration of 44 weeks. Therefore, storage without packaging experienced a decrease in phenol and antioxidant activity levels by 88.69% and 91.45% in critical conditions. In the polypropylene packaging, there was a decline in phenol and antioxidant activity levels by 30.49% and 27.94%, respectively.
SGPT and SGOT analysis in the wistar rats force feeding white turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.)
Authors: Pujimulyani D , Yulianto W A , Windrayahya S
Published: May 2024

Rhizome plants, such as white turmeric, are trusted by people to improve body immunity. Steam blanching is a preliminary treatment using water steam. This study aims to determine the effect of steam blanching on antioxidation properties, SGPT, and SGOT levels of white turmeric. This study was conducted with several variations, namely the type of white turmeric rhizomes (main and branch) and steam blanching time (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 minutes). Analysis of the antioxidant properties of white turmeric includes the antioxidant activity of the FRAP method, flavonoid levels, and tannins. White turmeric powder is also analyzed SGPT and SGOT in vivo on Wistar rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The data obtained were tested by statistics using ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was carried out. The results of the selected white turmeric (main rhizome with a 5-minute steam blanching time) antioxidation properties are the antioxidant activity of the FRAP method, which is 8.12 mg Ferro E/g, Flavonoid levels 2.84 mg QE/g, and Tannin 0.19 mg CE/g. The results showed that Wistar rats given white turmeric had the value of SGPT 22.17 U/I, and SGOT 38.60 U/I approached the normal rats with SGPT 18.61 U/I and SGOT 38.19 U/I. This study concludes that white turmeric can reduce levels of SGPT and SGOT rats.
Antioxidant activity and dietary fiber of colorful meses made from modified cassava flour, moringa leaves flour, yellow pumpkin flour and carrot flour
Authors: Santoso A , Subaktilah Y , Apriliyanti M W , Sasmita I R A
Published: May 2024

Meses is a chocolate granule that is widely used as a garnish in cake, ice cream, and bread. Meses have many colors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaves flour, yellow pumpkin flour, carrot flour, and mocaf flour formulation with the 20%: 80%,30%:70%,40:60%,50%:50%,60%: 40%, and 80%: 20% ratio on the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber of the colorful meses. Based on the data analysis conducted, it was found that the concentration of Moringa leaves flour, yellow pumpkin flour, and carrot flour of Mocaf had a significantly different effect (p<0,05) on the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber of colorful meses. The lower concentration of mocaf flour, the antioxidant activity of the meses increased. In addition, the lower the concentration of mocaf flour, the dietary fiber from colorful meses is also getting higher. The greatest antioxidant activity and dietary fiber were 80% (Moringa leaves flour, yellow pumpkin flour, and carrot flour) and 20% mocaf flour with 59,30 % antioxidant activity and 3,06 % dietary fiber.
Effect of Water and Rice Husk Ratio in Water-Based Planting Medium on Growth of Three Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Muhklisin I , Widodo T W , Damanhuri
Published: May 2024

The agricultural sector faces two serious threats: declining production due to agricultural land conversion and water shortages due to global warming. Therefore, an agricultural system that accommodates the use of vacant land and water saving, in this case, urban farming with the use of soil-less media can be applied. In recent studies, both innovations have shown positive results in various commodities but have not been explored much specifically for rice crops. This study observed the effect of soilless media application (mixed water and rice husks media) on the growth of rice. This experiment was conducted in Sumber Jeruk, Jember (altitude 281 m asl, temperature 21-31°C, RH 65-75%), January-June 2022. The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the ratio of water to rice husk (1:0; 4:1; and 8:1). The second factor was rice varieties (Inpari 46, IR 64, and Mapan 05). The combination of Mapan 05 and media ratio 4:1 showed the highest result on shoot fresh weight (351.95 g) and root fresh weight (346.35 g). Meanwhile, the highest number of root length (45.20 cm) was found in the combination of Mapan 05 and media ratio 8:1. Moreover, Mapan 05 (93.94 cm) and Inpari 46 (93.88 cm) showed no significant difference in plant height. It can be concluded that soil-less media 8;1 promotes the highest result on rice plant growth observed.
Effects of dragon fruits and moringa oleifera extracts, mineral mix variations on soft milk candy
Authors: Elisanti A D , Suryanegara M A , Ardianto E T , Rindiani R
Published: May 2024

Calcium is the most micronutrient found in dragon fruit reaching 8.5 mg/100 grams. Other sources of calcium in humans’ diet as milk, and moringa oleifera leaf can be used alternated to accept a daily intake of 1000 mg per day to support the formation of bones and teeth. The purpose of the study was to determine of calcium content from dragon fruits and moringa oleifera extracts, mineral mix variation on milk soft candy. This study is early to make milk soft candy with a completely randomized design (CRD) as P1 (12:1:50:8); P2 (14:2:50:9) and P3 (16:3:50:10) of dragon fruit extract: moringa oleifera leaf extract: mineral mix, with two replication. All treatments are tested of calcium content using An atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and analyzed using a factorial design analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The result showed the difference in calcium levels between treatments was significant (p: 0,000). The highest calcium content obtained on P1 treatment (12:1:50,8 dragon fruit extract : moringa Oleifera leaf extract : mineral mix) was 1,593 mg/100g100g.
Characterization of chitosan nanoparticles extracted from maggot shell and paddy snail waste using the ionic gelation method
Authors: Budiati T , Suryaningsih W. , Wahyono A , Yudiastuti S O N
Published: May 2024

The aim this study was to characterize of chitosan nanoparticles extracted from maggot shell waste and paddy snail waste using the ionic gelation method. The Scanning Electron Microscope of nanochitosan extracted from maggot shell showed heterogeneity in particle size ranging from 218.60 to 279.04 nm by 73.5%. SEM results of nanochitosan extracted from paddy snail waste showed ranging from 193.48 to 356.20 nm by 60.4% and 740.89 to 945.74 nm by 14.35%. The zeta potential of nanochitosan particles of maggot shell waste and paddy snail waste were found to be 9.7 mV and -28.9 mV, respectively. The source of chitosan nanoparticles might produce the difference of particle size and zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles.
Development of an iot-based portable smart fertigation module for automatic plant cultivation
Authors: Rofi’i A , Kautsar S , Purnomo F E , Nari M I , Winardi A W , Afianah N , Putri S L
Published: May 2024

Technological development in the agricultural sector will be able to reduce production costs, especially when fertilizing cultivated land. Watering and fertilizing is one aspect that needs special attention in the agricultural sector. It is important because it can affect plant growth and development. Watering is essential to maintain water availability in the soil and not to disrupt the plant’s metabolic processes. Fertilization must be carried out as needed and at the specified time to increase cultivated plants’ productivity. One technology that can be applied is a system for controlling fertilization automatically. Implementing this automatic fertigation system will make it easier for farmers to fertilize effectively and efficiently. Technological developments have an active role in the efficient use of fertilizer in cultivated plants. This Smart Fertigation System device can help farmers carry out watering and fertilizing cultivated plants. Fertigation itself comes from two words, namely fertilizer and irrigation. This method allows watering and fertilizing to be done simultaneously. Watering and fertilizing carried out simultaneously can be decisive in increasing the growth and productivity of cultivated plants. An important factor that must be considered in the fertilization process is a nutrient solution that is appropriate for the age and type of plant. If the controller detects the volume value is more than the set point, it will automatically turn off the valve and pump motor. From the test results, it was obtained that the output value data was more than the set point of 21.67 mL. This can be caused by the accuracy of the sensor. Delays between controller instructions and actuator responses can also result in differences in watering volume. However, the error value is negligible and tolerable. With a flowmeter sensor, different volumes can be watered according to the age of the plant. It can save more water and fertilizer use compared to using manual cultivation. Watering times can also be done precisely without worrying about forgetting.
Hybrid solar power plant for lighting power source in the politeknik negeri jember engineering department building
Authors: Fahriannur A , Rahmanto DE , Pratama AW , Nuruddin M
Published: May 2024

The sun is one of the potential renewable energy sources in Indonesia. One use of solar energy is to generate electricity. The Politeknik Negeri Jember Engineering Building already has a hybrid type solar power plant. However, it has not been utilized optimally because it is not connected to the building’s electrical network. This research aims to plan the connection of a solar power plant with an engineering building lighting system. The electrical network for the Engineering Department building that will be supplied by the solar power plant is the electric lighting system on the 3rd floor. The cable chosen is 4 mm2 with a cable length of 81 meters. Electrical connection from the solar power plant to the engineering building electrical network is carried out via an automatic transfer switch. If the condition of the electricity generated is adequate, the electricity will be connected automatically to the building’s lighting electricity network. If the electrical energy produced is insufficient or has run out, the lighting electricity network will automatically connect to the main electricity source. The building’s solar power plant is equipped with an internet of things system to monitoring its performance. The daily lighting electricity consumption is around 2.55 kwh.
Optimization of Biohydrogen Production from Vinasse and Cow Manure Using the Response Surface Method (RSM)
Authors: Ulma Zeni , Faizin Nur , Hananto Yuli , Qanitah
Published: May 2024

The problem of greenhouse gas emissions and the energy crisis experienced by countries in the world, including Indonesia, makes it necessary to develop alternative energy. Biohydrogen from biomass waste can be the best alternative to overcome this problem because it is a clean energy and is capable of producing high energy. This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the increase in biohydrogen production using the anaerobic fermentation method with a nanomaterial catalyst. The test material in this study was a volatile solid which was analyzed using the gravimetric method. The experimental design used to determine optimum conditions is the Response Surface Method (RSM). The variable used in this research is the ratio between the cow manure and vinasse raw material with variations of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The other variables used are pH with variations of 6.7 and 8. Based on the test results, it is known that the optimum conditions for the variable ratio of cow feces to banana peel waste and pH are 1:3 (the variable ratio of cow feces to banana peel waste) and variations pH 6 (variable pH) with a total volatile solid of 100 mg/L. The addition of nickel-based nanomaterial also has a significant effect on the volatile solid content, where the volatile solid content without the addition of nanomaterial is 42.62 g/L, while with the addition of the volatile solid nanomaterial produced is 100.92 g/L.