bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Intranatal Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Birth Injury
Authors: Mochalova M. N. , Mudrov V. A. , Novokshanovа S. V.
Published: March 2020

Rational management of labor refers to the most significant areas of practical obstetrics, since errors in predicting the outcome of labor through the birth canal often lead to the development of birth injury to the mother and fetus. Modern research methods and rational management of childbirth have led to a decrease in perinatal mortality. However, despite these achievements, the incidence of birth injury and subsequent disability of newborns is still at a level that is not acceptable for the XXI century.

The purpose of the research was to study the structure and outcome of the generic injury of the fetus.

Materials: Literature of foreign and domestic authors within the period from 2003 to 2018.

Methods: Systematic analysis and synthesis of literary data.

Conclusion: Despite the decline in perinatal mortality, the problem of disability of children, as well as violations of the quality of life due to birth trauma, remains relevant. This requires further study, the introduction of new diagnostic and clinical and prognostic technologies aimed at reducing birth injuries. Prevention of birth injury should be based on timely prenatal diagnosis of fetal macrosomia, determination of the optimal method of delivery, exclusion of iatrogenic factors of aggression during birth through the birth canal.
Comparative Analysis of Blood and Marrow Cellular Structure of White Mice Infected With Bacillus Anthracis Different Genotypes
Authors: Dubrovina V. I. , Starovoitova T. P. , Kravets E. V. , Ivanova T. A. , Dugarzhapova Z. F. , Gavrilova O. V. , Yur’eva O. V. , Shkaruba T. T. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: March 2020

Background. Detection of the pathogenicity factors is one of the actual directions in studying of the anthrax causative agent. First of all, it includes the presence of tripartite toxin, capsule and the related structural and regulatory genes. Their presence or absence is defined by structural changes in cellular structure of blood and immunocomplex organs of a macroorganism.

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of subpopulational structure of marrow and peripheral blood cells at anthrax infection in experimental animals and to trace dynamics of the infectious process caused by Bacillus anthracis of different genotypes.

Methods. Comparative examination of subpopulational structure of red marrow and peripheral blood cells of white mice in dynamics of the infectious process caused by B. anthracis of different genotypes was conducted. Also, neutrophil maturing index and leucoerythrocytic correlation were calculated in red marrow. Degree of manifestation of neutrophil pathological granularity was revealed in peripheral blood smears stained by the Freifeld’s method. Statistical processing of the received data was conducted using the computer program “Statistics”, version 6 (Novosibirsk). Authentic results were considered if the error probability was less than 0.05 (р < 0.05) in relation to the control.

Results. It is revealed that alterations in white mice infected by B. anthracis strains with the same set of plasmids are significantly various.

Conclusion. The resulted data permit to assume that the distinction of pathological alterations in peripheral blood and red marrow is probably connected with the other factors of the pathogen invasiveness like enzymatic activity, ability to adhesion and many others.
On the Opportunities of Using the Indices of Lipid Peroxidation – Antioxidant Defense System in the Diagnostics of Varicose Veins of Small Pelvis in Women
Authors: Kolesnikova L. I. , Semendyaev A. A. , Stupin D. A. , Darenskaya M. A. , Grebenkina L. A. , Natyaganova L. V. , Kalyagin A. N. , Shcherbatykh A V. , Petukhov A. A.
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women of reproductive age varies widely – from 5.4 to 80 %, due to the low specificity and low sensitivity of clinical diagnostic techniques, and the absence of biomarkers that can be used to identify the formation and progression of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women.

Aims: To identify changes in the levels of parameters of the system “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” with the development of varicose veins of the pelvis in women, as well as the possibility of their diagnostic use.

Materials and methods: We examined 200 women with clinical signs of varicose veins of small pelvis. Control group included 30 women without any pathology of venous system. Treatment group included 137 women with varicose veins of small pelvis: with mild degree of severity – 39 women, with moderate degree of severity – 65 women, with severe degree of severity – 33 women. We performed comparative analysis of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system in women with and without varicose veins of small pelvis taking into account the severity degrees of pathological process.

Results: We obtained the most informative indices for lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense processes in blood of women with varicose veins of small pelvis: concentration of diene conjugate (DC) for the mild degree of severity of pathological process, lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), DC and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) – for the moderate and severe degree of severity, and also changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase of the severity of the disease. Assessment of the level of catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) showed their highest informative value at the mild degree of severity. Concentrations of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are more statistically significant markers for severe forms of pathological process.

Conclusions: Our research showed the relevance and advisability of the studying the levels of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense indices in women with varicose veins of small pelvis. We registered the highest diagnostic value of DC, Cat and GP in the beginning of the disease and of LHP, DC, MDA, GR, GST and GSH – at severe forms of the pathological process. We obtained reference values for DC, MDA, Cat, SOD and GP concentration that can be considered as the predictors of the development of varicose veins of small pelvis.
Characteristic of Stomach Ulcers, Complicated by Bleeding
Authors: Arkhipova A. A. , Anischenko V. V.
Published: March 2020

Background. The benign nature of the gastric ulcer, determined during the initial video esophagogastroduodenoscopy (VEGD) in the presence of a hemorrhage or under the conditions of unstable hemostasis, is not a permanent characteristic of the pathological process, since most examinations do not include multifocal biopsy due to the danger of recurrent bleeding.

Objectives: to evaluate the inflammatory changes, regenerative abilities of the peri-ulcer area and to predict malignization in the nearest post-hemorrhagic period.

Methods. The work contains the examination data (VEGD, brush biopsy, morphological and immunohistochemical examinations) of 49 patients urgently admitted to the surgery with gastrointestinal bleeding, and further verification of gastric ulcer. Entry criteria were bleeding of the ulcer in the gastric mucosa, located in the antrum or the lesser curve with low risk of recurrent bleeding (Forrest 2C), presence of Helicobacter pylori.

Results. Brush biopsy allowed determining the benign nature of ulcerative lesions in 98 % of the patients during the two-day period following the first VEGD. Morphological study revealed dysplasia at the edge of ulcerative lesion with first signs of regeneration in 14.3 % of the patients. In the presence of dysplasia, we noted a vibrant response (+++) with COX-2 (×400), even if the ulcerous defect was smaller than 1.0 cm.

Conclusion. Considering our results, it is necessary to develop a strict algorithm for dynamic follow-up of patients with gastric ulcers, complicated by bleeding.
Alcuni aspetti delle sepolture di età romana di Oderzo
Authors: Cipriano Silvia , Sandrini Giovanna Maria
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze some aspects related to the ritual and the set-composition of a group of grave from the Roman necropolis of Oderzo. First of all, the external markers of the graves are analyzed: they are tiles, amphorae, small mounds. Then we describe the libation ducts identified during the excavations, made by amphora necks. A specific ritual is underlined in some cremation graves of the 1st century AD. They have miniaturist jars with their own lid made by common ceramic, which lay down almost always in pairs, outside the ossuary in common ceramic too, as a secondary offer. These little jars seem to characterize infant burials, probably female.
Ornata sepulcra
Authors: Pettenò Elena , Toson Patrizia
Published: March 2020

The monument, found during a residential building intervention in Padua, was part of a vast necropolis located along the Via Annia, east of the city. In 2018, a restoration was carried out on the cylindrical altar with relief decorations and on the base with inscription. The operation made it possible to read its surface and reveal its technical details. Elements have been highlighted that bring to the hand of the artist who created the exceptional monument, a unicum in Padua. The understanding of technical details has confirmed the chronology of the artefact which dates back to the second half of the 1st century AD. Macaw and base recomposed in the original form are now exhibited at the Musei Civici agli Eremitani in Padua.
Ancora sulla bolla plumbea tardoimperiale da Altino
Authors: Asolati Michele
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on a Late Roman lead seal found in the area of ancient Altino. The chronology of this object seems to be determinable on the basis of the presence on the obverse of three frontal imperial busts side by side. These iconographic elements are comparable with those present on other late antique artifacts, in particular exagia solidi, some of which are attributed with a good margin of security to the joint reign of Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius II. The seal is therefore datable between 403 and 408 AD. This is an exceptional finding that testifies the contacts between Altinum and the imperial court, which according to the Codex Theodosianus stayed in the ancient city several times between 364 and 406 AD.
Reproductive Outcomes in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) with Naturally-acquired Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Kendricks April L , Gray Stanton B , Wilkerson Gregory K , Sands Courtney M , Abee Christian R , Bernacky Bruce J , Hotez Peter J , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Craig Suzanne L , Jones Kathryn M
Published: March 2020

Chagas disease is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi is found in Latin America and the Southern United States, where it infects many species, including humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). NHPs are susceptible
to natural infection and can develop clinical symptoms consistent with human disease, including Chagasic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal disease and transplacental transmission, leading to congenital infection. Due to evidence of Chagas transmission in Texas, this study hypothesized T.
cruzi infection was present in a closed, outdoor-housed breeding colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) located at a biomedical research facility in Central Texas. In addition, we questioned whether seropositive female rhesus macaques might experience reproductive complications
consistent with maternal-fetal Chagas disease. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in the colony was assessed using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against Tc24 antigen as a screening assay, and a commercially available immunochromatographic test
(Chagas Stat Pak) as a confirmatory assay. Retrospective serologic analysis was performed to confirm the status of all T. cruzi-infected animals between the years 2012 to 2016. The medical history of all seropositive and seronegative breeding females within the colony from 2012 to 2016
was reviewed to determine each animals' level of reproductive fitness. The percentage of T. cruzi-seropositive animals ranged from 6.7% to 9.7% in adult animals and 0% to 0.44% in juveniles or weanling animals, depending on the year. An overall 3.9% seroprevalence of T. cruzi
infection was found in the total population. No significant differences in any measure of reproductive outcomes were identified between seropositive and seronegative females from 2012 to 2016. The lack of significant adverse reproductive outcomes reported here may help inform future management
decisions regarding seropositive female rhesus macaques within breeding colonies.
The Hadamard compositions of Dirichlet series absolutely converging in half-plane
Authors: Sheremeta M.M. , Mulyava O.M.
Published: March 2020

For Dirichlet series with different finite abscissas of absolute convergence in terms of generalized orders the growth of the Hadamard composition of their derivatives is investigated.A relation between the behavior of the maximal terms of Hadamard composition of derivatives and of the derivative of Hadamard composition is established.
Structure of the set of Borel exceptional vectors for entire curves
Authors: Bandura A.I. , Savchuk Y.I.
Published: March 2020

It is proved that the structure of the set of Borel exceptional vectors for transcendental entire curve something likes structure of the set of Nevanlinnadeficient vectors for entire curve of finite order.
Functional and logical model of imaginative thinking in psychological and ergonomic studies of artificial intelligence
Authors: Yuditsky Semyon
Published: March 2020

The regularities of human cognition associated with imaginative and symbolic-logical components of thinking are considered. A functional and logical model of imaginative thinking is developed and a block diagram of the model is presented. The psychological regularities of imaginative thinking related to operational and long-term memory, the life cycle of images, filtering and correction of images in accordance with the developed functional and logical model are illustrated.
From neutron and quark stars to black holes
Authors: Tan Wanpeng
Published: March 2020

New physics and models for the most compact astronomical objects - neutron / quark stars and black holes are proposed. Under the new supersymmetric mirror models, neutron stars at least heavy ones could be born from hot deconfined quark matter in the core with a mass limit less than $2.5 M_\odot$. Even heavier cores will inevitably collapse into black holes as quark matter with more deconfined quark flavors becomes ever softer during the staged restoration of flavor symmetry. With new understanding of gravity as mean field theories emergent from the underlying quantum theories for providing the smooth background spacetime geometry for quantum particles, the black hole interior can be described well as a perfect fluid of free massless Majorana fermions and gauge bosons under the new genuine 2-d model. In particular, the conformal invariance on a 2-d torus for the black hole gives rise to desired consistent results for the interior microphysics and structures including its temperature, density, and entropy. Conjectures for further studies of the black hole and the early universe are also discussed in the new framework.
Gaya hidup pemuda gereja
Authors: raheljelita@gmail.com
Published: March 2020

Dilihat dari perilaku pemuda sekarang sudah mulai terlihat apatis, artinya perilaku tidak peduli terhadap suatu kesosialisassian masyarakat, padahal hal tersebut sangat diperlukan sekarang ini. Pemuda bertindak sesuka hati, artinya tidak peduli kejadian apa yang sedang terjadi dan tidak banyak mendengar kata orang sekitar atau khotbah yang penting menurutnya baik terus dilakukannya. Menganut kebebasan pemuda, mengakibatkan pemuda melakukan tindakan anarkis, moral pemuda menjadi rusak, oleh karena itu rasa terhadap budaya, serta Firman Tuhan menjadi tidak diperhatikan lagi. Adanya perkembangan zaman yang disertai dengan teknologi ini, kita harus semakin semangat untuk mempertahankan budaya yang telah ada. Era globalisasi merupakan proses mendunia, dimana untuk menjangkau segala urusan yang mencakup perkembangan zaman yaitu moderennisasi sudah semakin meningkat. Dahsyatnya arus informasi akibat kemajuan teknologi informasi ini ternyata tidak dapat dibendung oleh pembatas yang dibangun untuk mencegah masuknya pengaruh dari luar.
GAYA HIDUP SEORANG PENGKHOTBAH DALAM MEMILIH PASANGAN HIDUP
Authors: Dannari Hana Ruben
Published: March 2020

Dengan mengikuti zaman perkembangan media elektronik pada saat ini gaya hidup seorang pengkhotbah dapat dikaji ulang supaya dapat memberikan dampak yang baik bagi orang percaya, dapat memberikan keteladanan bahagaimana memilih pasangan dengan gaya hidup yang sebenarnya yang boleh diterapkan dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Dalam memilih pasangan hidup ada proses yang akan dilalui dan faktor yang yang dapat mempengaruhi supaya dapat menciptakan kecocokan atas pilihan tersebut.
FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF LANGUAGE
Authors: Saputro Ghozali
Published: March 2020

FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF LANGUAGE
GAYA HIDUP PEMABUK MAHASISWA TEOLOGI KRISTEN DI TORAJA YANG TIDAK MENCERMINKAN DIRINYA SEBAGAI SEORANG CALON PENDETA
Authors: Datu Rahel Liku
Published: March 2020

Dalam masa sekarang ini banyak orang yang sudah mulai hidup dengan keinginannya sendiri, banyak yang menuntut agar diberikan haknya tetapi mereka tidak mau melakukan apa yang menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab mereka. Begitu pun dalam masalah yang dijumpai dalam masyarakat tentang keluhan-keluhan dan rasa takut serta marah terhadap mahasiswa yang notabenenya adalah calon pendeta tetapi sikapnya tidak mencerminkan hal tersebut, mereka mau menjadi pemimpin jemaat yang baik dan benar tetapi mereka sendiri yang tidak mau bersikap baik. Maka dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan penjelasan mengenai gaya hidup pemabuk yang dilakukan mahasiswa Teologi yang tidak mencerminkan sikap yang dapat diteladani oleh masyarakat maupun jemaat. Secara tidak sadar mereka merusak citra mereka sendiri di depan orang-orang yang akan ia layani, dan bukan hanya itu saja mereka juga dapat memberikan pengaruh yang buruk bagi anak-anak remaja maupun dewasa, yang seharusnya merekalah yang menuntun orang-orang untuk kembali pada jalan yang benar tetapi malah sebaliknya.
COVID-19 in unequally ageing European regions
Authors: Kashnitsky Ilya , Aburto José Manuel
Published: March 2020

The map presented in this brief note summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal age- and sex-specific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since older people are exposed to much higher death risks, older populations are expected to face much more difficult challenges coping with the pandemic. The urban/rural dimension turns out to be very important as the remote rural areas are also the oldest. In the map NUTS-3 regions of Europe are colored according to the deviation from European pooled estimate of the proportion of population at risk of death due to COVID-19. We assume that 5/6 of the populations get infected and experience age-specific infection-fatality ratios (IFRs) modelled by the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. We adjust IFRs by sex ratios of age-specific case-fatality ratios observed in the European countries that are included in the COVerAGE-DB. Thus, we effectively introduce a summary measure of population age structures focused on the most vulnerable to the pandemic. Such an estimate for the total European population is 1%. The map reflects the unequal population age structures rather than the precise figures on COVID-19 fatality. It is a case-if scenario that highlights the possible effect of the population age structures, a demographic perspective. This analysis clearly shows the contribution of regional differences in population age structures to the magnitude of the pandemic -- other things equal, we expect to see a four-fold variation in average regional infection-fatality ratios across Europe due only to differences in the population structures.
Kualitas kepemimpinan dan kerohanian pelayanan seorang pendeta
Authors: Janna Yiska
Published: March 2020

Dalam jurnal ini saya akan membahas tentang kualitas kepimpinan dan kerohanian pelayanan seorang pendeta. Kepemimpinan dan kerohanian seorang pendeta sangatlah penting karena sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jemaat dalam iman karena ia adalah contoh dan teladan yang akan menjadi panutan bagi jemaat. Kualitas kepemimpinan pendeta memang sangat diperlukan untuk mencapai pengembangan sebuah gereja, dan kualitas yang menyangkut kehidupan kerohanian yang dikuasai oleh Roh Kudus dalam menjalankan setiap tugas dan tanggung jawab yang dipercayakan, dalam hal ini dapat menjadikan kepemimpinan gembala menjadi arif, dan bijaksana. Peran kepimpinan gembala terhadap kehidupan rohani jemaat antara lain dapat membimbing jemaat kepada kedewasaan rohani, dan menjadi teladan dalam hal kerohanian. Karena kehidupan rohani adalah suatu keadaan hidup seorang yang sungguh-sungguh memiliki gaya hidup yang dipimpin, dipenuhi, dan dikuasai oleh Roh Kudus dalam kehidupan setiap hari serta meneladani Yesus dalam kehidupannya.
GAYA HIDUP PELAYAN TUHAN DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Astrid
Published: March 2020

Dunia sekarang ini mengalami tuntutan perubahan oleh karena Revolusi Indusri 4.0, bahkan pengaruh ini pun tidak dapat dihalangi oleh gaya hidup pelayan Tuhan dalam menyampaikan kebenaran firman Tuhan. Jurnal ini membahas mengenai gaya hidup yang ditunjukkan oleh pelayan Tuhan dalam menyampaikan kebenaran firman Tuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini ialah metode kualitatif yaitu merampungkan data-data mengenai gaya hidup pelayan Tuhan dalam menyampaikan kebenaran firman Tuhan. Dan kesimpulan yang diperoleh ialah gaya hidup pelayan Tuhan ialah menerapkan cara menyampaikan firman Tuhan dengan teknologi yang berkembang di Revolusi Industri 4.0.
Potential Mechanisms of Age Related Severity of COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Development of Vaccines, Convalescent Serum, and Antibody Therapies
Authors: Zand Martin , Wang Jiong
Published: March 2020

There is an urgent need for vaccines to induce immunity to the 2019 coronavirus strain (COVID-19; CoV-SARS-2). Vaccine development may not be straightforward, in part due to the the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The immune response to coronavirus infection or vaccination generates a mixture of IgG antibodies against viral surface proteins. Many of these antibodies block viral infection. However, in some cases IgG:virus complexes can facilitate viral entry and infection of cells by ADE, increasing the the risk and severity of infection. This phenomenon occurs in SARS, MERS, HIV, Zika and dengue virus infection and vaccination; it has been a serious barrier to vaccine development for these infections. Lack of high-affinity anti-COVID-19 IgG antibodies in children and younger adults may explain, in part, the decreased severity of infection in these groups. Here, we discuss the evidence for ADE in the context of COVID-19 infection, and how it may affect development of a vaccine and convalescent serum therapies. Here we discuss ADE in the context of COVID-19 infection, and how this may affect vaccine development, convalescent serum, and targeted monoclonal antibody therapies. We caution that this work is a hypothesis, and should be taken as such.
Gaya hidup pemuda pada masa kini
Authors: raheljelita@gmail.com  , Tanggu
Published: March 2020

Ditengah-tengah dunia pada saat ini bgitu banyak hal-hal atau perilaku-perilaku yang tidak baik yang dibuat atau yang dilakukan pemuda saat sekarang ini secara khusus yang terjadi pada saat ini begitu banyak kenakalan atau gaya hidup pemuda Kristen pada masa kini yang tidak sesuai deengan aturan-aturan yang ada.
GAYA HIDUP PELAYAN TUHAN DI ZAMAN MILENIAL
Authors: Astrid
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK: pada zaman ini terjadi perkembangan yang pesat khususnya di teknologi an media , dari perkembangan zaman ini berimbas pada masalah gaya hidup , gaya hidup juga berdampak pada pelayan Tuhan( pengkotbah) , gaya hidup pelayan Tuhan masa kini perlu untuk di kaji ulang agar dapat dijadikan contoh oleh warga jemaat , tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya hidup pelayan Tuhan yang benar,
Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadged Terhadap Waktu Saat Teduh Mahasiswa Teologi (dalam Lingkup Kelas G Teologi) di IAKN Toraja
Authors: Situru Irene Dian
Published: March 2020

Abstrak, Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang cukup pesat sampai sekarang ini seperti perubahan kedepan manusia lebih baik, mudah murah, cepat, dan aman. Ketika teknologi sudah berada dalam kehidupan dan penghidupan sebagai mahasiswa maka kemudian mereka akan menemukan hal-hal yang patut untuk dicermati sebagai pengupayaan dalam menghadapi dampak-dampak yang di timbulkannya. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuandan teknologi telah membawah banyak perubahan bagi kehidupan mahasiswa Kristen dan pertama-tama yang kita bisa lihat yaitu karena adanya pergeseran dari masyarakat agraris kemasyarakat industry dimana gejala ini terjadi akibat pengaruh IPTEK.
Colour matters more than shape for chimpanzees’ recognition of developmental face changes
Authors: Kawaguchi Yuri , Nakamura Koyo , Tomonaga Masaki
Published: March 2020

Social primates must recognise developmental stages of other conspecifics in order to behave appropriately. Infant faces have peculiar morphological characteristics – relatively large eyes, a small nose, and small mouth – known as baby schema. In addition, the infant faces of many primate species have unique skin coloration. However, it is unclear which features serve as critical cues for chimpanzees to recognise developmental changes in their faces. The present study aimed to investigate the relative contributions of facial shape and colour to age categorisation in chimpanzees. We used a symbolic matching-to-sample task in which chimpanzees were trained to discriminate between adult and infant faces. Then, we tested how their age category judgments transferred to a series of morphed faces which systematically differed in facial shape and colour. Statistical image quantification analysis revealed significant differences both in shape and colour between adult and infant faces. However, we found that facial coloration contributed to age categorisation in chimpanzees more than facial shape. Our results showed that chimpanzees use unique infantile facial coloration as a salient cue when discriminating between adult and infant faces. The display of their developmental stages through facial colour may help chimpanzees to induce appropriate behaviour from other individuals.use unique infantile facial coloration as a salient cue when discriminating between adult and infant faces. The display of their developmental stages through facial colour may help chimpanzees to induce appropriate behaviour from other individuals.
Why do inequality and deprivation produce high crime and low trust?
Authors: de Courson Benoît , Nettle Daniel
Published: March 2020

Humans sometimes cooperate to mutual advantage, and sometimes exploit one another. In industrialised societies, the prevalence of exploitation is related to the distribution of economic resources: more unequal societies tend to have higher crime, as well as lower social trust. We created a model of cooperation and exploitation to explore why this should be. Distinctively, our model features a desperation threshold, a level of resources below which it is extremely damaging to fall. Agents do not belong to fixed types, but condition their behaviour on their current resource level and the behaviour in the population around them. We show that the optimal action for individuals who are close to the desperation threshold is to exploit others. This remains true even in the presence of severe and probable punishment for exploitation, since successful exploitation is the quickest route out of desperation, whereas being punished does not make already desperate states much worse. Simulated populations with a sufficiently unequal distribution of resources rapidly evolve an equilibrium of low trust and zero cooperation: desperate individuals try to exploit, and non-desperate individuals avoid interaction altogether. Making the distribution of resources more equal or increasing social mobility is generally effective in producing a high cooperation, high trust equilibrium; increasing punishment severity is not.
A primer on running human behavioural experiments online
Authors: Grootswagers Tijl
Published: March 2020

Moving from the lab to an online environment opens up enormous potential to collect behavioural data from thousands of participants with the click of a button. However, getting the first online experiment running requires familiarisation with a number of new tools and terminologies. There exist a number of tutorials and hands-on guides that can facilitate this process, but these are often tailored to one specific online platform. The aim of this paper is to give a broad introduction to the world of online testing. This will provide a high-level understanding of the infrastructure before diving into specific details with more in-depth tutorials. Becoming familiar with these tools allows moving from hypothesis to experimental data within hours.
How to Evaluate Clinically Relevant Literature: Five Simple Rules for the Practicing Clinician in Stroke Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Tsay Jonathan Sanching , Winstein Carolee
Published: March 2020

Neurorehabilitation relies on core principles of neuroplasticity to activate and engage latent neural connections, promote detour circuits, and reverse impairments. Clinical interventions incorporating these principles have been shown to promote recovery while demoting compensation. However, many clinicians struggle to find evidence for these principles in our growing but nascent body of literature. Regulatory bodies and organizational balance sheets further discourage evidence-based, methodical, time-intensive, and efficacious interventions because practical needs often outweigh and dominate clinical decision making. Modern neurorehabilitation practices that result from these pressures favor strategies that encourage compensation over those that promote recovery. With a focus on helping the busy clinician evaluate the rapidly growing literature, we put forth five simple rules that direct clinicians toward intervention studies that value more enduring but slower biological recovery processes over the more alluring practical and immediate “recovery” mantra. Filtering emerging literature through this critical lens has the potential to change practice and lead to more durable long-term outcomes. This perspective is meant to serve a new generation of mechanistically minded clinicians, students, and trainees poised to not only advance our field but to also erect policy changes that promote recovery-based care of stroke survivors.
Insights from the Northeast: Counterinsurgency in Nagaland and Mizoram
Authors: Ladwig Walter
Published: March 2020

This chapter reviews scholarship on the Indian counterinsurgency experiences in Nagaland and Mizoram to identify lessons on strategy, tactics and doctrine that can be learned.
Impact of Non-Interest Income on Financial Performance of Joint Venture Banks in Nepal
Authors: Shah Ajay Kumar , Agarwal Niraj , Phuyal Ram Kumar
Published: March 2020

The research was conducted to identify the non-interest income variables that will likely affect the financial performance of the joint venture banks of Nepal. The main objective of the study is to analyze the prominence of non-interest income and its effect on financial performance of joint venture banks in Nepal. This study will help the banks to identify other sources of income of the bank and try to look at its impact on the overall profitability and risk intention. To measure the financial performance, the indicator of profitability i.e. returns on assets and return on equity are taken into consideration for the study as a dependent variable and assets size, letter of credit fee, guarantee income, remittance fee, dividend income, exchange income, service charge, and renewal fee as an independent variable. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to capture the relationship. From the result analysis, it is observed that the non-interest income variables that would affect the financial performance of the joint venture banks. It is observed that not all variables have equal effect on the profitability as measure of financial performance, for joint ventures the factors like assets size, letter of credit fee, guarantee income, remittance fee, dividend income, exchange income, service charge, and renewal fee have a significant relationship with the measure of financial performance that is return on assets and return on equity. Apart from the interest income, there are lot of non-interest variables which leads to profitability so the banks looking to increase its profitability with lesser risk need to take these variables into consideration. Results indicate that banks need to keep the non-interest income variables into consideration at times for improving the financial performance of the joint venture banks.
Chekhov, Boredom, and Pathology as Dramatic Technique
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2020

This article reconsiders the depiction of boredom in Anton Chekhov’s plays. Against the notion that boredom is a form of ambient gloom that contributes to his “theatre of mood” (in Vsevolod Meyerhold’s enduring phase), I suggest that boredom is, for Chekhov, a disease with a narrowly patterned pathology, which he mobilizes as a dramatic technique. Chekhov’s formulation of “pathology plays” allowed him to make implicit recommendations to the intelligentsia about how to remedy their stultification, even as he avoided outright moral or political prescriptivism. His audiences are made to feel alongside his characters, not only through straightforward identification with their diagnoses, but also through a minimalist aesthetics that causes boredom to redouble itself in seeping from the stage into the auditorium. By focusing on the widespread understanding, in turn-of-the-century Russia, of boredom as a disease, I show how Chekhov was able to maintain the objectivity of a physician while putting the pain of boredom into a narrative, dialogic form.
Juliane Braun, Creole Drama: Theatre and Society in Antebellum New Orleans
Authors: Nathans Heather S.
Published: March 2020

Braun’s detailed study explores the development of New Orleans’s francophone drama and nuances the familiar narrative arc of Americanization. It invites scholars of US theatre history to rethink and expand their definitions of the nation’s dramatic canon.
Marissia Fragkou, Ecologies of Precarity in Twenty-First Century Theatre: Politics, Affect, Responsibility
Authors: Garson Cyrielle
Published: March 2020

Through a feminist and interdisciplinary lens, Marissia Fragkou’s Ecologies of Precarity in Twenty-First Century Theatre critically scrutinizes UK-based theatre’s engagement with precarity, affect, and politics in the twenty-first century, laying out a rich array of key case studies.
Dorinne Kondo, Worldmaking: Race, Performance, and the Work of Creativity
Authors: Nakamura Jessica
Published: March 2020

In Worldmaking, Kondo traces racial affect throughout the theatre world and conducts an ethnography of the backstage domain to argue that artists, including Anna Deavere Smith, David Henry Hwang, and herself, make and remake race through their creative processes, and that reparative creativity is a mode of affective redress.
Shane Vogel, Stolen Time: Black Fad Performance and the Calypso Craze
Authors: DeFrantz Thomas F.
Published: March 2020

Shane Vogel’s Stolen Time explores calypso, in the United States, as a constellation of activities that produced counterfeit performances on stage, in recordings, on television, and in films. It argues for a vibrant cultural politics activated by black entertainers’ commercial appropriation of music and dance of the Caribbean for celebrity and economic gain.
Proses Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Gerakan Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) di Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Pathony Tony
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan dan Gerakan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Di Subang. Penelitian dan penulisan itu membahas hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan bagaimana proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan dan Gerakan Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Kabupaten Subang sesuai dengan teori-teori yang diungkapkan oleh Edi Suharto yaitu Pemungkinan, Penguatan, Perlindungan, Penyokongan, Pemeliharaan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif, karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih besar digunakan untuk mengungkapkan masalah dalam kehidupan kerja pengamatan organisasi pemerintah, wawancara, studi kepustakawanan dan dokumentasi. Tidak ada pilihan lain selain menjadikan para peneliti itu sendiri sebagai instrumen para peneliti utama. Sumber data diperoleh dari informan melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara serta dokumen yang diperoleh dalam bentuk aturan dan pengolahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan dan gerakan kesejahteraan keluarga sesuai dengan teori Pemberdayaan sebagai proses yang dikemukakan oleh Edi Suharto yaitu Proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui gerakan Keluarga Sejahtera dan Pemberdayaan di Kabupaten Subang belum optimal . Kesimpulan temuan di lapangan yaitu Pemungkinan, Penguatan, Perlindungan, Penyokongan, Pemeliharaan belum dinilai sesuai dengan teori yang digunakan. he purpose of this research is to know the process of community empowerment through empowerment and the family welfare Movement In Subang. Research and writing of it discusses matters related to how the process of community empowerment through empowerment and family welfare Movement in the Regency of Subang in accordance with the theories expressed by Edi Suharto i.e. Pemungkinan, Penguatan, Perlindungan, Penyokongan, Pemeliharaan. In this study using a qualitative approach to research that is descriptive, because this study aims to gain a bigger picture examined used to reveal problems in working life government organizations observations, interviews, the study of librarianship and documentation. There is no other option than to make the researchers themselves as instruments of the major researchers. Source data obtained from the informants through direct observations and interviews and documents obtained in the form of rules and data processing. Results of the study showed that the process of community empowerment through empowerment and family welfare Movement in accordance with the theory of Empowerment as the process advanced by Edi Suharto i.e. community empowerment Process through Family welfare and Empowerment movement in the Regency of Subang has not been optimal. Conclusion the findings in the field namely Pemungkinan, Penguatan, Perlindungan, Penyokongan, Pemeliharaan has not been assessed in accordance with the theory used.
Problemáticas socioambientales en torno al agua utilizada para actividades agrícolas en cinco municipios del estado de Chihuahua, México
Authors: Cervantes Rendón Esmeralda , Sánchez León Sarahí , Montano Armendáriz Gabriela
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar las características e interacciones sociales y ambientales en la relación agua-agricultura en los municipios de Juárez, Chihuahua, Cuauhtémoc, Delicias y Nuevo Casas Grandes del estado de Chihuahua, México, los cuales presentan problemáticas de calidad y abastecimiento de agua. Para ello se realizó un diseño bibliográfico a partir de la búsqueda, selección y sistematización de documentos académicos de acceso abierto del periodo 2000-2016 para los cinco municipios de interés, obteniendo un total de 134 publicaciones que se agruparon en tres categorías: 1) legislaciones internacionales, 2) interacción con comunidades extranjeras y 3) otras actividades económicas (industria maquiladora). Como resultados se encontraron diferencias en la tecnificación y tipo de inversión en los distritos de riego afectados por los tratados internacionales mientras que, en la interacción con comunidades, se identificó que las población mormona y menonita cuenta con condiciones diferentes de acceso y uso de agua respecto a los agricultores mexicanos, lo que ha ocasionado conflictos. En el grupo de la industria maquiladora, el principal problema se relaciona con el abastecimiento de agua y el consumo público-urbano. Se concluye que la relación entre los aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos es competitiva en búsqueda de un beneficio local y externo.
Der Mobilitätsimperativ als Postulat der Anpassung – Eine Reflexion über (politische) Narrative in der Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft
Authors: Diederichs Tamara
Published: March 2020

Die vorliegende Replik gibt Einsichten darüber, zu welchen ,Zwecken‘ sowie in wessen ,Dienst‘ die Mobilitätsbemühungen des Bildungsprogramms Erasmus+ agieren und diskutiert diese im Kontext des Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen ,Anpassung und Widerstand‘, welchem die Erwachsenenbildung ausgesetzt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund lassen sich abschließend die Bedeutungen politischer Narrative für die Wissenschaft der Erwachsenenbildung in Kürze aufzeigen.
Mobilität als erziehungswissenschaftliches Thema zwischen Zeitdiagnose und Lebensgestaltung
Authors: Dick Michael
Published: March 2020

Ausgehend vom dominierenden soziologischen und planungswissenschaftlichen Mobilitätsbegriff wird – an den Text von Zick anschließend – dessen Bedeutung für die Bildungswissenschaft unterstrichen. Anschließend wird aufgezeigt, dass ein verkürztes Begriffsverständnis – wie das in Zicks Beitag – das analytische und kritische Potenzial einer pädagogischen Mobilitätsforschung verfehlt. Es werden Studien skizziert, die ein subjektives und erfahrungsbasiertes Verständnis von Mobilität rekonstruieren. Diese geben Hinweise darauf, wo und wie Mobilität Bildungs- und Entwicklungsoptionen freisetzen könnte.
Zum widersprüchlichen Ort subjektiver Artikulationen von Mobilität (und Bildung). Eine Replik auf Sebastian Zicks Ansatz einer kritischen Mobilitätsforschung
Authors: Golle Julia
Published: March 2020

In dieser Replik wird Sebastian Zicks Untersuchung biographisch-narrativer Verhältnissetzungen zu Imperativen der Mobilität zum Gegenstand kritischer Nachfragen gemacht. So wird im Folgenden der Status subjektiver Artikulationen in methodologischer und bildungsphilosophischer Hinsicht befragt, um von dort aus die Widersprüchlichkeit in der Analyse bildender Erfahrungen herauszuarbeiten.
Partizipation als Legitimationsnorm: Ambivalenzen digitaler Arbeits- und Produktionsformen aus geschlechtersensibler Perspektive
Authors: Schmitz Luki Sarah
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag setzt sich aus geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive mit ambivalenten Folgen von Digitalisierungsprozessen auf Arbeits- und Produktionsformen auseinander. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Crowdwork und Commons-based Peer Production als zwei Formen, die je unterschiedliche Narrative der Partizipation in sich tragen. Im Verlauf der Analyse wird deutlich, dass der zugrunde liegende Partizipationsimperativ in einen paradoxalen Umschlag führt, der entgegen der Hoffnung nach mehr Autonomie, Selbstgestaltung und Flexibilität, verschiedene Formen von Prekarität nach sich zieht. Die darin enthaltene geschlechtliche Dimension wird herausgearbeitet und Erklärungen für die Paradoxie gegeben.
Tailored interventions to assist smokers to stop smoking using e-cigarettes (TASSE): Study protocol
Authors: Kimber Catherine , Cox Sharon , Frings Daniel , Sideropoulos Vassilis
Published: March 2020

Background: There is increasing evidence that e-cigarettes (EC) are an effective smoking cessation aid when combined with behavioural support. There is further evidence for digital tailored interventions as cost effective approaches that can increase smoking cessation rates. Experimental work also suggests the addition of a ‘nicotine fact sheet’ can improve smokers’ risk perceptions related to EC. However, multifaceted approaches to deliver ‘tailored advice’ for smoking cessation combining various key evidenced based components are lacking. The aim of this study is to use a Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) to determine which of five, or a combination thereof, EC-orientated intervention components is associated with self-reported cessation over the previous 4-weeks at 12-week follow-up.
Methods/Design: This online study will utilise a 2x2x2x2x2 factorial design resulting in 32 experimental conditions. The five intervention components will be: 1: tailored advice on EC device; 2: tailored advice on e-liquid nicotine strength; 3: tailored advice on e-liquid flavour; 4: e-cigarette written information; 5: text message support. A sample of N=1184 adult, UK resident smokers will be randomly allocated to one of the 32 conditions, which will be permutations of the 5 components (counter-balanced). The primary outcome is 4 weeks of self-reported complete abstinence at 12 weeks post randomisation. Secondary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence, 50% reduction in baseline cigarettes smoked per day, time to switch and adherence to recommendation. The primary analysis will be by intent-to-treat with the assumption that missing equals smoking. Logistic regression will be used to model the five main effects and the ten 2x2 interactions. A number of secondary analyses will also be conducted including models adjusting for demographic and smoking indices and including only those who received the intervention.
Discussion: To date, components that assist quitting by use of EC or other aids have largely been studied in isolation. This study presents the first attempt to combine evidenced based interventions, using the MOST method, to test which components are associated with quitting. The findings will be used to inform which components to include and their estimated effect sizes for a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the efficacy of the intervention compared with usual care (own choice and no support).

Keywords: Digital interventions; Tailored Advice; Smoking cessation; Smoking reduction; E-cigarettes; Multi-phase Optimisation Strategy (MOST); Tobacco; Nicotine; Vaping
Hubungan Paritas dengan Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada Ibu Hamil di RSUD Indrasari Rengat
Authors: Putri Monifa
Published: March 2020

Pendahuluan: Mual dan muntah merupakan hal yang normal dalam kehamilan, mual dan muntah sering terjadi pada kehamilan berusia muda, yaitu dimulai dari minggu ke 6 setelah hari pertama haid terakhir dan berlangsung selama kurang lebih 10 minggu. Namun kadang terjadi suatu keadaan dimana mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil terjadi sangat parah sehingga menyebabkan segala yang dimakan dan diminum dimuntahkan sehingga berat badan berkurang, turgor kulit dan volume buang air kecil berkurang dan timbul asetonuri, yang disebut sebagai hiperemesis gravidarum. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dengan kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum di RSUD Indrasari Rengat. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel  adalah total sampling, dengan sampel seluruh ibu hamil trimester I dan II berjumlah 142 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square pada tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan paritas primigravida yang mengalami hiperemesis gravidarum adalah 8 orang (25,8%), responden paritas multigravida yang mengalami hiperemesis gravidarum yaitu 27 orang (24,3%) dan hasil uji statistik Chi – Square didapatkan nilai P > 0,05 (P. Value = 0,517). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara paritas  (P. Value = 0,517) terhadap kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum, artinya paritas tidak mempengaruhi terjadinya hiperemesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil.