bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Superficial Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Stojic B.
Published: January 2008

A plea is made for the avoidance of bed‐rest and antibiotics in the treatment of the great majority of thromboses of the superficial veins of the lower extremities. Such measures are only indicated in the presence of true bacterial thrombophlebitis, which in most cases is not the basis of the condition. In general, the thrombosis is most correctly treated by immediate ambulation and a compressive bandage. Bed‐rest and antibiotics are not only unnecessary, but carry an element of major risk to the patient's well‐being.
The Clinical Value of Echoencephalography
Authors: Brownbill David
Published: January 2008

Echoencephalography is an established procedure for the detection of the position of the midline structures in the assessment of intracranial pathology. It is also important at craniotomy for localizing intracerebral lesions, which may then be approached without unnecessary and potentially hazardous intracerebral exploration.
Gammahydroxybutyrate in Paediatric Anæsthesia
Authors: Brown T. C. K.
Published: January 2008

Gammahydroxybutyrate is a long‐acting intravenous anœsthetic agent. It has been used for 200 anœsthetics in 174 children aged from seven weeks to 16 years at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Its use for neuroradiological procedures, laryngeal microsurgery, Iaryngoscopy, bronchosropy and bronchography constituted the major part of the trial. Gammahydroxybutyrate was found to be particularly useful for laryngeal operations because at produced good jaw relaxation without the use of muscle relaxants, so that the larynx could be well visualized with the patient breathing spontaneously. This property was also useful for bronchoscopy. The main disadvantage was the high incidence of vomiting. Antiemetics were not routinely used in this trial.
Infraclavicular Subclavian Vein Catheterization
Authors: Shanahan Mark X. , Tynan A.
Published: January 2008

A technique of subclavian vein catheterization is described, which precludes any significant complication when correctly performed. All the complications reported in this series of over 600 cases followed deviations from the standard technique and need not have occurred. As experience and confidence are achieved, the method can be extended in its application to a wide variety of circumstances, promoting improved patient care and comfort.
Radiation Enterocolitis: A Report of Seven Cases. Some Aspects of Pathology and Management
Authors: Alp M. H. , Seymour A. E. , Grant A. Kerr
Published: January 2008

A report of seven patients with radiation damage to the intestinal tract is presented. As a group, they exhibit the full spectrum of complications. The pathological and histological changes are described. Appropriate medical and surgical management is discussed.
Emergency Shunt Surgery for Bleeding Œsophagogastric Varicesl
Authors: Balasegaram M. , Damodaran A.
Published: January 2008

This is a review of the management of 70 patients with bleeding œsophagogastric varices due to cirrhosis of the liver. Thirty of these underwent emergency portacaval shunt surgery, with 30% mortality, and 35 were treated conservatively, with a mortality of 74.3%. The literature on this subject is reviewed, and the criteria for the selection of patients for surgery, the choice of the particular surgical procedure and the timing of surgery are discussed. The mental and nutritional state of the patient, the presence of significant jaundice or ascites, and biochemical and serological studies, were the factors influencing the selection of patients for emergency shunt surgery. Complete reliance on laboratory findings alone for this purpose can be misleading. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and severe jaundice are poor candidates for shunt surgery. Emergency portacaval shunt surgery is the operation of choice.
Exposure in Nasal and Sinus Surgery
Authors: Bridger G. Patrick , Bordley John E.
Published: January 2008

Good exposure in sinus surgery is possible by the use of a lateral rhinotomy incision. The nose is mobilized and swung to one side. The operation will permit an en bloc removal of the lateral nasal wall and ethmoidal complex and can be extended to expose the frontal sinus. A case is described to illustrate the use of the procedure. The operation is indicated in some cases of advanced chronic sinusitis, benign tumours and cysts, and occasionally for nasal malignancies.
Ornithine Vasopressin (POR 8) as a Cutaneous Vasoconstrictor
Authors: Mccaffrey John
Published: January 2008

The use of a cutaneous vasoconstrictor agent is helpful in many branches of surgery. This report deals with the use of a new vasoconstrictor agent (ornithine vasopressin —POR 8) in a range of general surgical procedures. It was found to be both effective and safe, with practically no side‐effects. Extension of its clinical use is recommended.
“Perchance to Dream”: The Paradox of Awareness during General Anaesthesia1
Authors: Holmes C. McK.
Published: January 2008

Awareness during surgery is still an unsolved problem. Cases are sporadic, and often occur seemingly without cause, and without the patient having shown any untoward signs during the conduct of the anesthesia. Recently it has been shown that many patients may be demonstrated to have retained their sense of hearing during anœsthesia, but at a subconscious level. This paper discusses the possible implication of this finding on the phenomenon of awareness during surgery.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhœa, Meningitis and Pneumocephalus due to Non‐Missile Injuries1
Authors: Robinson Richard G.
Published: January 2008

The management of 75 patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhœa, meningitis and aerocele due to non‐missile injuries of the anterior fossa is reviewed. In all, 78 operations were done with one delayed death. Fifty‐nine patients had cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhœa, 24 had meningitis as the leading symptoms, and there were 21 with pneumocephalus. Bilateral defects of the anterior fossa were common, and bilateral exploration has become mandatory. The most important prophylactic surgery is the adequate repair of open cranio‐maxillo‐facial injuries. The problem of early operation for transitory cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhœa is discussed.
A Simplified Transabdominal Approach to the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: May James , Little J. M.
Published: January 2008

A simplified approach to the inferior vena cava has been used at laparotomy to allow partial interruption of the inferior vena cava in four patients. Access is obtained by incision of the root of the small bowel mesentery, and relatively little dissection is needed. The technique is recommended when vena caval interruption is to be performed at the time of a laparotomy.
Carcinoma of the Duodenal Bulb: A Case Report
Authors: McCluskey Brian
Published: January 2008

A case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the duodenal bulb occurring in a frail, elderly woman is reported, and the literature on carcinoma of the duodenum and the results of surgery is reviewed.
Operative Cholangiography
Authors: Johnson Harry
Published: January 2008

Operative cholangiography was first used by Mirizzi in 1932, but still has not gained general acceptance by surgeons. With these facts in mind, this article reviews 31 cholecystectomies, 20 having been performed by the author, in which operative cholangiography was used, and discusses its technique, difficulties and results.
Gracilis Anoplasty:Report of a Successful Case
Authors: Mann Arnold
Published: January 2008

This is a report on the management of a single case of gracilis anoplasty following a third‐degree obstetric tear. Possible explanations for the successful outcome are offered.
Parotid Calculi
Authors: Eddey Howard H.
Published: January 2008

Although calculi in the parotid salivary gland are not common, the variability in their mode of presentation and their situation in the gland or its main ducts pose problems in management. They may be single or multiple and associated with sialadenitis or sialectasis. A review of 25 operations in 23 patients treated personally over the last 20 years has been undertaken with a view to establishing guide lines in the treatment of this condition.
Surgery and Facial Nerve Grafting in Malignant Parotid Disease
Authors: Brieger G. Patrick
Published: January 2008

The prognosis for patients suffering with parotid carcinoma is poor. One reason for this is the difficulty of eradicating the disease once cancer has spread to the bony parotid mould and to the ear. The anatomy of the parotid gland and the spread of malignant tumours are described with particular reference to the ear and parotid bed. Surgery is indicated if the tumour can be completely removed, and three cases are presented to illustrate radical parotidectomy achieved with the aid of temporal bone surgical techniques. When the facial nerve is sacrificed, immediate grafting offers the best chance of restoring satisfactory facial expression.
Emphysematous Cholecystitis: An Unusual Form of Presentation
Authors: BOerema W. J. , MCwilliam R. A.
Published: January 2008

The clinical features and pathology of emphysematous cholecystitis are briefly discussed. A description follows of a case which defied correct preoperative diagnosis in virtue of the presence of gas under the diaphragm without gas in the gallbladder wall or lumen.

1. Less than 150 cases of emphysematous cholecystitis have been described in the world literature. These all showed gas in the gall‐bladder wall or lumen, recognized either on X‐ray examination or at operation.

2. A case is described where the preoperative X‐ray films showed free gas under the diaphragm and nowhere else. Laparotomy was undertaken with the provisional diagnosis of perforated viscus. An acutely inflamed gall‐bladder containing gas was removed. The patient died after operation; post‐mortem examination revealed gas in the spleen, an impacted stone at the ampulla of Vater and a necrotic liver and pancreas.

3. A possible cause of pancreatitis other than one implicating the impacted stone is put forward.

4. The frequent presence of clostridia in the biliary system
Juvenile Polyposis Coli
Authors: Lane Daniel
Published: January 2008

A case of juvenile polyposis coli in a 15‐year‐old girl is described. Accuracy in diagnosis is stressed. Methods of management are discussed in the light of recent research. It is felt that further study is needed in relation to pathogenesis and natural history.
The Effect of Vasectomy upon the Incidence and Morbidity of Post‐Prostatectomy Epididymitis
Authors: Beck A. David
Published: January 2008

This paper, based on a retrospective analysis of 1, 346 patients dealt with by the Hryntschak technique of suprapubic prostatic adenomectomy, is intended to define the current role of vasectomy in prostatic surgery. There was a 50% reduction in the incidence of epididymitis following bilateral vasectomy, which provided absolute protection to patients with sterile wines who had not required preoperative catheterization. In contrast, neither urinary infection nor instrumentation affected the incidence of epididymitis in patients not subjected to vasectomy. The morbidity of epididymitis, as judged by the duration of postoperative hospital stay and the febrile resbonse, was significantly less in patients who underwent vasectoniy. It is concluded that bilatrral vasectomv should be performed on all patients submitted to open prostatectomy.
Caecoureterocele and Concepts on the Embryology and Ætiology of Ureteroceles
Authors: Stephens Douglas
Published: January 2008

Caccourcterocele, a bizarre form of vesico‐urethral ureterocele, has two characteristics, (1) a wide incompetent orifice in the bladder and (2) a long submucosal tongue which extends along the female urethra deep to the mucosal lining of the urethra. The peculiar configuration of this ureterocele is not readily explained on the basis of obstruction, but rather on embryological grounds. The situation of the incompetent orifice in the bladder and the reflux of urine into the tongue in the urethra add a urethral obstructive component which induces urological damage. The Müllerian duct migration is responsible not only for the transposition of the orifices of some ectopic ureters from the trigone to the distal half of the female urethra, the urethrovaginal bridge and the hymen of the vagina, but also for the urethral extension of the caecoureterocele, which is “tongue‐tied” to the Müllerian ducts in their descent to the exterior. All other ureteroceles with “giant” orifices are likewise developmental in origin, though in many an obstructive component is superadded by virtue of the location of the orifice within the grasp of the internal sphincter of the urethra.
Facets of Leprosy of Orthopædic Interest1
Authors: Warren Grace
Published: January 2008

In many countries leprosy is regarded as a disease that the average medical practitioner is unlikely to see unless he travels. However, in this jet age, the long‐accepted geographical distribution of disease is being upet by tourists, workers and other travellers, who bring home illness and pose problems of diagnosis that are unexpected. Although in leprosy the primary lesion is frequently one of the skin, a proportion of patients do not seek medical advice for a relatively minor skin lesion. They may, however, present with secondary complications involving the hands and feet.
Extracorporeal Perfusion of the Calf Liver
Authors: Battersby C. , Winch J. , Balderson Glenda , Cranitch B. , Burnett W.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes the use of the calf liver as an alternative to the pig liver for extracorporeal perfusion and hepatic support. Despite a more difficult dissection during hepatectomy, the calf liver functions biochemically similarly to the pig liver and appears to be an acceptable alternative. Perfusion through the umbilical vein in the calf is described as a means of reducing warm ischemia time. It is noted that addition of India ink to the perfusion circuit may show up areas of poor perfusion despite apparently satisfactory biochemical function.
Congenital Systemic‐to‐Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula: Report of a Case
Authors: Varma K. K. , Clarke C. P.
Published: January 2008

The history is recorded of a seven‐year‐old boy who presented with a continuous murmur in the lower part of the chest on the right side. This proved to be due to a fistula from a systemic artery to a pulmonary vein. There was no associated broncho pulmonary or cardiac abnormality. The genesis of the condition is discussed, with a review of the relevant literature.
Multiple Intracranial Tumours in Neurofibromatosis: Report of a Case
Authors: JAMIESON KENNETH G.
Published: January 2008

The occurrence of multiple meningiomas and of combined meningiomas and neuromas in patients suffering from von Recklinghausen's disease has been well documented. A further case is here described, that of a young woman with bilateral auditory neuromas, a neuroma of the vagus, and multiple meningiomas, relieved by eight craniotomies in the course of 15 years.
External Skeletal Fixation as a Method of Immobilization for Large Skin Grafts of the Neck
Authors: MARSHALL D. R. , HUESTON J. T.
Published: January 2008

A case is presented to illustrate a method of external skeletal fixation by which extension of the neck is maintained in a large skin grafting procedure for burn scar contracture.
Traumatic Hæmobilia
Authors: ALLCOCK EDWARD A.
Published: January 2008

A series of laboratory experiments is described, in the course of which central liver injuries were produced by the use of a sharp instrument introduced through a laparotomy incision. After this, appropriate blood chemistry investigations were carried out, and the fæces were examined for occult blood. The significance and implications of the findings of hæmobilia in the human subject are discussed.
The Clinical and Pathological Effects of Prolonged Solar Exposure Part II: The Association with Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MARSHALL DONALD R.
Published: January 2008

The relationship between skin cancer and structural changes in the underlying connective tissue is discussed. Evidence is presented that dermal collagen degeneration and basal cell carcinoma are associated solar‐induced phenomena, rather than cause and effect.
Gustatory Sweating
Authors: ADIE ROSS
Published: January 2008

This paper presents an analysis of eighteen patients found to have gustatory sweating or Frey's syndrome as a sequel to parotidectomy. The typical localised sweating reaction was observed most frequently but in a few instances a much more diffuse sweating reaction occurred. The aptness of the term auriculo‐temporal syndrome is challenged on the basis of these observations. The ætiology and natural history of the syndrome are discussed.
An Approach to Pancreatic Operations1
Authors: ELMSLIE R. G.
Published: January 2008

This paper dwells on some aspects of the details, the principles, the alternatives and the relative merits of direct operations on the pancreas. Investigations which might precede operation, the indications for operation and the results of operation are considered in general terms only.
The Effects of External Pneumatic Splint Pressure on Muscle Blood Flow
Authors: CAMPION E. C. , HOFFMANN D. C. , JEPSON R. P.
Published: January 2008

The effects of external pneumatic pressure on muscle blood‐flow through the calf have been estimated by a Xenon‐133 clearance curve technique. Flow was found to be greatly reduced at 40 mm. of mercury external pressure, and it was concluded that for first‐aid purposes inflation pressures in excess of 30 mm. of mercury should not be used.
The Renal Handling of Dextran 40 by Surgical Patients
Authors: HEALE W. F. , NIALL J. F. , DOYLE J. C.
Published: January 2008

A study has been made of the renal handling of low molecular weight dextran (dextran 40) by surgical patients. In spite of the usual fall in glomerular filtration rate during surgery, high urine dextran concentrations may occur, with the formatin of highly viscous urine. In view of the possible association between high dextron concentrations and oliguric renal failure, precautions in its administration are suggested with particular emphasis on the maintenance of urine flow rates.
Surgical Aspects of Enteritis Necroticans in the Highlands of New Guinea
Authors: SMITH FRANK
Published: January 2008

It is the aim of this to discuss the surgical aspects of a culturally determined, yet essentially preventible disease; to review the experience derived from 72 patients, in whom it was confirmed at operatin; and to draw conclusins which may assist in the future management of this problem.
The Surgical Treatment of Pyloric Obstruction due to Peptic Ulceration
Authors: GILLETT DAVID J. , PHEILS MURRAY T.
Published: January 2008

The results of surgery in 232 cases of peptic ulcer complicated by pyloric obstruction have been reviewed and the results of different operative procedures compared.

In this series vagotomy and drainage gave much better results in the presence of pyloric obstruction than in the treatment of peptic ulcer in general, whereas the results of Pólya gastrectomy appear marginally worse. It appears that the risk of stomal ulceration is the major difference, as the stomal ulcer rate for vagotomy and drainage in the presence of pyloric obstruction was 2% as compared with 8% in the total series. Conversely, the incidence of stomal ulcer following gastrectomy appears to be slightly increased. These findings suggest that vagotomy with drainage is the treatment of choice in pyloric obstruction.
Familial Renal Tumours
Authors: PEARSON H. H.
Published: January 2008

This paper presents a family of which at least three members suffered from renal carcinoma and hypertension, while another four died at an early age from hypertension or cardiac disease. In addition, two other members died of carcinoma of other organs. Known familial or hereditary diseases in which renal tumours occur are discussed briefly.
Posterior Fracture‐Separation of the Lower Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: PHILLIPS PETER J.
Published: January 2008

A case of posterior fracture‐separation of the lower femoral epiphysis is reported. Correction of the deformity by anterior wedge osteotomy produced a good functional result.

A case of fracture‐separation of the lower femoral epiphysis, treated after a period of four months by anterior wedge osteotomy, is described. A good functional result was obtained.
The Hepatic Veins
Authors: HARDY KENNETH J.
Published: January 2008

The intrahepatic anatomy of the right, middle and left hepatic veins and the additional hepatic tributaries of the inferior vena cava are described.
The Posterior Tibial Syndrome
Authors: CRITCHLEY JOHN E.
Published: January 2008

A condition of posterior tibial syndrome is postulated, and its pathology is related to that of the anterior tibial syndrome. A case is reported in which cure was achieved by operation to split the deep fascia.

A patient with posterior tibial syndrome and relief of symptoms by operation to split the deep fascia is described.
The Surgery of Acromio‐Clavicular Joint Dislocation
Authors: RUSH JONATHAN H.
Published: January 2008

A classification of acromio‐clavicular joint injuries is presented, and the treatment of each type is discussed. Twenty‐three patients with complete acromio‐clavicular joint dislocation treated by surgery are reviewed.
On the Fashioning of Forearm Vein Grafts for Hæmodialysis
Authors: STEPHENSON C. B. S. , URQUHART‐HAY D. , MORRISON R. B. I.
Published: January 2008

The long saphenous vein has been used to construct arterio‐venous fistula in the forearms of five patients who were undergoing intermittent hæmodialysis. This has proved a satisfactory method of allowing dialysis in patients in whom external shunts or direct arterio‐venous fistula have either failed, or have been impracticable. The indications for, and the techniques of, their construction are discussed.
POR 8 versus Adrenaline as a Vasoconstrictor in Scalp Surgery
Authors: PIROTTA T.
Published: January 2008

A controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness and vasoconstrictive actions of POR 8 and adrenaline. Side effects were also studied. One hundred and forty‐eight hairgraft operations were performed under anæsthesia with lignocaine 2% with 1 in 50,000 adrenaline solution; another 265 were performed under anæsthesia with prilocaine 2% with POR 8, 5 international units per 25 ml. The patients were divided into “good bleeders” and “bad bleeders”. Of the adrenaline series 19.2% were considered to be “bad bleeders”, compared with 8% of the POR 8 series. Side effects were rare in both groups. Statistically significant results showed POR 8 to be a more effective, longer‐lasting vasoconstrictor than adrenaline. No side effects were encountered with POR 8 apart from general pallor of the skin.
The Effect of Phytohæmagglutinin and Cyclophosphamide on the Incidence of Mammary Tumours in Rats
Authors: HUNT P. S. , HOLYOKE E. D. , PERLMUTTER R.
Published: January 2008

The later incidence of DMBA (7, 12 dimethylbenz (a)anthracine)‐induced mammary tumours in Sprague Dawley rats is significantly reduced by parenteral administration of phytohæmagglutinin (PHA), with or without cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide alone increases tumour incidence, but this increase is not statistically significant.
Mycotic Aneurysms of the Aortic Root1
Authors: WILSON A. C. , SIMPSON W. L. , RICHARDSON J. P. , CLAREBROUGH J. K.
Published: January 2008

The clinical details of six patients presenting with mycotic aneurysms as complications of aortic valve endocarditis are presented. A distinction is made between this little‐described condition and congenital sinuces and fistulæ. The lesion was demonstrated in all of the patients by cineangiography, and this investigation is strongly recommended. The mortality in the series was high, due to a combination of preoperative toxæmia and resistant heart failure. It is suggested that early investigation of patients presenting with unresponsive aortic endocarditis may reduce the mortality of surgery and will commonly demonstrate the presence of sinuses and fistulæ, facilitating both the planning and performance of the operation.
A Different Approach Permitting Portal‐Systemic Shunt for Extrahepatic Portal Thrombosis1
Authors: MARTIN LESTER W.
Published: January 2008

Studies of the anatomy and pathology in children with extrahepatic portal thrombosis and portal hypertension have shown that the portal vein is generally free of thrombosis for a distance of 1'5 to 2 cm beyond the junction of the superior mesenteric with the splenic vein. In nine children, it has been possible to dissect out this stump of portal vein and anastomore it directly in an end‐to‐side fashion to either the vena cavn or to the central portion of the left renal vein where it crosses anterior to the aorta. The spleen is not removed. The operation can be employed successfully following previous splenectomy, or following a previous unsuccessful conventional splenorenal shunt. Follow‐up evalution has been gratifying, with apparent relief of portal hypertension in each instance.

In extrahepatic block, the portal vein is generally free of disease for a distance sufficient to permit its division and an end‐to‐side anastomosis to the vena cava or the left renal vein near the cava.

In our experience with nine consecutive patients, this has proved to be a successful and effective means of portal decompression. No adverse effects have been encountered relative to Eck fistula in the growing child.
A Case of Aortic Aneurysm with Bilateral Ureteric Obstruction
Authors: KITCHEN PAUL , MORRIS PETER J.
Published: January 2008

A case of bilateral ureteric and vena caval obstruction due to retroperitotneal fibrosis associated with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported Partial resection of the aneurysm and insertion of a Dacron graft resulted in regression of the ureteric and caval obstruction. It is suggested that freeing of the ureters at the time of operation for the aneurysm, as been advocated, may be unncessary.
The Present Status of Surgery in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint1
Authors: MCNEUR J. CLARKE
Published: January 2008

The surgical management of degenerative conditions affecting the hip joint has undergone very radical changes over a number of years, necessitating a reassessment of our approach to this common problem. When considering surgery, it is important to recognize the main types of degenerative joint, which may present subluxation, or concentric or atrophic changes. The type of joint change as well as age, sex and multiplicity of joint problems must be considered in helping one to determine the appropriate operative management. This paper attempts to assess the present value of, and indications for, osteotomy, arthrodesis, and partial replacement arthroplasty in the light of recent developments in surgery of the degenerative hip joint. It is concluded that high femoral osteotomy and total hip replacement arthroplasty are the two most useful procedures available, and that other operations have only limited application in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.

In conclusion, therefore, it is considered that cup arthroplasty and partial replacement arthroplasty have little place in the treatment of degenerative and rheumatic hip disease. Arthrodesis is indicated in very few patients, but it can be particularly indicated in a fit young man undertaking heavy physical work.

The two operative procedures considered to be of value in the treatment of degenerative hip disease are high femoral osteotomy and total hip replacement. When these are used according to a number of well‐defined criteria, a high percentage of satisfactory results can be expected. Both procedures have problems. Osteotomy fails to achieve a high standard of normal function, and non‐union at the osteotomy site is a possibility. Total hip replacement can be complicated by loosening of the prosthesis, by wearing of the prosthetic socket, and rarely, by infection of the prosthetic joint.
Complications following the Early Treatment of Hand Injuries: An Analysis of 100 Cases1
Authors: CONOLLY W. B.
Published: January 2008

During 1970 and 1971, 100 major complications of treated hand injuries were referred to the Sydney Hospital Hand Clinic for further treatment. There were 21 cases of necrosis or infection complicating soft‐tissue injuries, 26 cases of severe stiffness complicating fractures and joint injuries, and 39 cases of loss of motor power and sensation complicating tendon and nerve injuries. There were 14 miscellaneous complications. A large proportion of these complications were probably preventable. Common errors and correct treatment are discussed.

The application alone of the principles described could probably have prevented a large proportion of the 100 major complications of early treated hand injuries reported in this series. It is the early treatment which decides the final outcome. Skeletal stiffness and failed tendon and nerve repairs may lead to permanent disability. It is far easier to prevent than to cure complications of hand injuries.
Laparoscopic Sterilization: A Review of its Value and Hazards1
Authors: PATERSON PETER J. , GRIMWADE JAMES C.
Published: January 2008

A personal series of 300 laparoscopic sterilizations is presented. The English language literature is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the possible complications of the procedure.
Hypertension in Burnt Children1
Authors: DOUGLAS B. S. , BROADFOOT M. J.
Published: January 2008

Forty‐three children admitted to hospital with burns were examined for hypertension, and 24‐hour urine specimens were analysed for catecholamines and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy mandelic acid. Sixteen children were found to have hypertension at some stage during their hospital stay. It would appear that catecholamine hypersecretion was not the cause of this hypertension.
The Dimensions of the Aorto‐Ilio‐Femoral Arterial Segment
Authors: BUXTON BRIAN F. , WUKASCH DON C. , COOLEY DENTON A.
Published: January 2008

A comparative study was made of the mean diameters of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac, external iliac and common femoral arteries. The diameter of the external iliac or common femoral arteries when compared with that of the infrarenal abdominal aorta was found to be half, while the diameter of the common iliac artery was considerably larger than half that of the aorta.
Paravesical Granuloma Presenting as a Late Complication of Herniorrhaphy
Authors: Daniel W. J. , Aarons B. J. , Hamilton N. T. , Duffy D. B.
Published: January 2008

This paper deals with our experience in the management of four patients who have come to our notice during the past 15 years, each presenting with a clinical picture strongly suggestive of bladder malignancy. Each of them had, however, some months or years prior to the development of urinary symptoms, undergone an inguinal herniorrhaphy in which silk had been used for the repair. The pseudo‐neoplasm of the bladder was believed in each instance to be due to a paravesical granuloma following the use of non‐absorbable sutures. Awareness of this complication helped to prevent unnecessary major surgery in two of the four patients.
Haemophilia: The Natural History of a Destructive Haematoma over a Period of 50 Years
Authors: O'Brien M. M. , Ewing M. R.
Published: January 2008

The natural history is recorded of a hematoma in the right iliac fossa, following an injury in a hemophiliac at the age of 18 years, which steadily increased in size over a period of rather more than 50 years. It continued to grow until it occupied a very large part of the lower abdomen and the pelvis. It also erupted through a large defect in the ilium and presented as a massive tumour in the buttock and back.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Patella
Authors: Srivastava K. K. , Ahuja S. C. , Kochhar V. L.
Published: January 2008

A case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella is reported, bringing the total number of s:uh lesions so far recorded as occurring in this site to four.

A case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella, the patient presenting with a displaced transverse fracture, is reported. She was successfully treated by total patellectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination.
Appendicitis Causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Strangulation
Authors: Bose S. M. , Talwar B. L.
Published: January 2008

Two cases are reported of acute intestinal obstruction associated with strangulation, each due to acute appendicitis. In one patient, appendicectomy was sufficient to cure the condition. but in the other, resection of about five feet of gangrenous ileum was required.

Two cases of acute intestinal obstruction caused by an acutely inflamed appendix encircling a loop of ileum are presented. In one case the gangrenous ileal segment had to be excised. This is a rare complication of a common disease.
A Sliding Bracket Shoe‐Piece: A New Device to Assist Brace Loading
Authors: Yin Lee , Iqbal Q.M. , Chan K.S.
Published: January 2008

A newly designed shoe‐piece, in use for the last three years, is found to improve the biomechanical efficiency of ischial bearing braces by assisting in brace loading. Its successful use in 17 cases is reported.
Organ Transplantation: The Balance Sheet to Date1
Authors: Sheil A. G. R.
Published: January 2008

World experience with transplantation of the heart, liver, lung, pancreas and kidney and the Australian and New Zealand experience with renal transplantation are reviewed. The results achieved by kidney transplantation during the past five years are detailed. Other areas of medical knowledge which have benefited by the advent of organ transplantation are indicated.
Eosinophilic Infiltration of the Small Intestine
Authors: O'Brien M. M. , Ewing M. R.
Published: January 2008

Eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine is uncommon. The record is presented of a middle‐aged woman with evidence of iron deficiency ancemia due to gastrointestinal blood loss, who remains well three years after the resection of two separate tumour masses from the ileum. There zvas no clinical evidence of allergy, but there was a significant eosinophilia in the peripheral blood
Anomalous Venous Drainage of the Right Lung to the Inferior Vena Cava: The “Scimitar” Syndrome
Authors: Farnsworth Alan E. , Ankeney Jay L.
Published: January 2008

A case of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage from the right lung to the inferior vena cava was successfully managed by implanting the anomalous vein directly into the left atrium. The clinical features of the syndrome, the investigative studies, the technique of operative management and the advantages of direct implantation of the anomalous vein are discussed
Perthes' Disease: A Long‐Term Follow‐up of Cases Treated by Prolonged Recumbency
Authors: Rush Jonathan
Published: January 2008

A long‐term study of 28 patients with Perthes' disease treated at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, is presented. Clinical and radiological evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip zvas evident in 29% of the patients 20 to 40 years after their initial treatment. Some pain in the involved hip was present in 60% of patients
Giant‐Cell Tumour of the Patella
Authors: Srivastava K. K. , Kochhar V. L.
Published: January 2008

Two cases of osteoclastoma of the patella are presented. One of the tumours was a malignant giant‐cell tumour, and the patient is alive after seven and a half years with no demonstrable secondary deposits
Colocystoplasty: Bladder Replacement after Total Cystectomy
Authors: Bruce Peter T.
Published: January 2008

The formation of an artificial bladder has exercised the minds of surgeons for nearly a century. A segment of ileum or colon, the caecum, the rectum, the vagina and part of the stomach have all been used with varying success. An alternative to the present‐day accepted method of urinary diversion (ileal conduit or ureterosigmoidostomy) is presented in a series of ten cases, operated on over a five‐year period. The clinical details, complications and results of colocystoplastay are analysed. This feasibility study gives the impression that the operation is worth‐while and that it probably represents the most physiological replacement of the bladder to date
Renal Trauma in Children: A Ten ‐Year Review
Authors: REID IAN S.
Published: January 2008

The experience of renal trauma at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, is analysed. In assessing the 78 children involved, Nunn's (1962) classification into contusion (Type 1), cortical lacerations (Type 2), calyccal lacerations (Type 3) and complete tears (Type 4) was extended to include a fifth category, where the main damage was to the renal vessels. The clinical features and the radiological and operative findings were used to classify the lesions. Palls and motor vehicle accidents were the most common causes of injury. The examination of the methods of management indicates that in Types 1 and 2 non‐operative methods are usually sufficient; in Type 3 initial non‐operative management is indicated, but long‐term follow up is essential; in Type 4 injuries and vascular lesions the need for early diagnosis is paramount, and most patients will fare best with early surgical intervention. There is evidence to suggest, in patients so treated, that there are prospects of saving renal tissue and also reducing morbidity.
Congenital Short Bowel
Authors: KERN I. B. , HARRIS M. J.
Published: January 2008

Congenital shortness of the small bowel is rare when not associated with other major anomalies. A case is reported, a plan of management is outlined and a theory on œtiology is put forward.
Penicillin and Local Recurrence of Carcinoma in Large‐Bowel Surgery
Authors: HARDY K. J. , HUGHES E. S. R. , CUTHBERTSON A. M.
Published: January 2008

The incidence of local recurrence, including suture‐line recurrence, has been analysed with reference to chemoprophylaxis in 277 patients having a curative large‐bowel resection and anastomosis for carcinoma between 1961 and 1968. Ninety‐five patients received penicillin, the local recurrence rate being 10.5% and the death rate from carcinoma 23.1%, 105 received neomycin, with a 7.6% local recurrence rate and a 25.8% death rate, and 77 received no antibiotic, with a 10.4% local recurrence rate and a 23.3% death rate. There was not any significant difference between the three groups.
Neuromuscular Reflexes in Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: VARMA K. K. , STEPHENS F. DOUGLAS
Published: January 2008

The neuromuscular reflexes before and after the Swenson rectosigmoidectomy procedure and the Duhamel operation for Hirschsprung's disease have been studied to determine and compare the responses of the anal sphincters to “rectal” distension and to evaluate the state of continence.
The Kocher Manœuvre
Authors: ELMSLIE R. G.
Published: January 2008

The Kocher manœuvre is an easily performed, safe and highly effective technique which should be used in most operations on the biliary tree (the possible exception would be cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis), in all operations involving either gastric resection or pyloroplasty, whenever the duodenum is to be opened for either pancreatic duct exploration and pancreatography or retrograde exploration of the common bile duct, and whenever the state of the pancreas is to be assessed.
Duplication of the Small Bowel with Peptic Ulcer Perforation
Authors: NIESCHE J. W.
Published: January 2008

A case of perforation of a peptic ulcer in a long duplication of jejunum and ileum with communication to the parent small bowel and treated surgically without resection is reported. The difficulties in management are briefly discussed.
Skin Petechiæ and Fat Embolism
Authors: COLE W. G. , OAKES B. W.
Published: January 2008

In a prospective study, skin petechiœ were found in 20 out of 119 patients with fractures. Seven patients with widespread skin petechiœ had elevated respiratory rates and hypoxœmia, and five also had cerebral abnormalities. In contrast, the 13 patients with petechiœ confined to the axillœ were well and were not hypoxœmic. The electron microscopic findings suggest that the extravascular plasma, red cells and fat globules which formed the petechiœ escaped through gaps between the endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and following rupture of fat‐filled capillaries. It is probable that vasoactive amines, thrombocytopenia and hypoxœmia were important factors in the production of these endothelial gaps.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Report of 30 Cases1
Authors: Ramsden D. , Sheridan B. F. , Newton N. C. , Wilde F. W. De
Published: January 2008

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon tumour, which may present in many areas of the head and neck. An analysis is made of 30 cases presenting to the Head and Neck Clinic at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. The special characteristics of the pathology of this tumour and its life history are outlined. The clinical presentation and management of tumours in various sites are analysed. As a result of these experiences, recommendations in respect of diagnosis and treatment are made.
The Successful Conservative Management of High‐Output Entero‐Cutaneous Fistulae1
Authors: Cocks J. , Jones R. , Keknutt R. , O'Donovan J.
Published: January 2008

Until recent years it has been thought prudent to reoperate for high‐output enterocutaneous fistula complicating abdominal surgery. With the advent of adequate parenteral nutrition, however, providing calories and balanced intake, this concept is challenged. Three case reports describe spontaneous closure of high‐output fistula over three to four months, in patients in whom surgical reintervention had proved, or would have proved, technically extremely difficult. In the first patient, a fistula had been resected once with recurrence; in the second, a fistula had been resected once, with recurrence, and at a further operation it was found technically impossible to appose the bowel ends for anastomosis; the third patient demonstrates the success of a conservative approach from the outset. A suggested regime for long‐term parenteral therapy is outlined. Some complications of such long‐term intravenous therapy and patient care arc mentioned.
Intestinal Obstruction Due to a Persistent Vitelline Artery1
Authors: Myers N. A. , Rubin S.
Published: January 2008

A case of intestinal obstruction resulting from a persistent vitelline artery is reported. The rarity of the condition is emphasised, and attention is drawn to the dangers of failure to differentiate between abdominal pain of emotional and of organic origin.
Ruptured Diaphragm: Experience in a Major Accident Centre over a Ten‐Year Period1
Authors: Tan G. C. , Hamilton S. G. L. , Gibson P. , Simpson J. A.
Published: January 2008

A relatively large series of 41 patients with rupture of the diaphragm is presented. There has been a change in the pattern of presentation of this condition in recent years. Early diagnosis can now be made with greater frequency than previously. The main problem of patients with ruptured diaphragm zvas found to be the associated injuries, which accounted for most of the deaths and contributed greatly to the morbidity.
Electrical Burn of the Abdomen: Report of a Case
Authors: Kausek S. P. , Buphkaja S. N.
Published: January 2008

Despite the relative frequency of electrical burns, abdominal burns are rare. Associated lesions involving intraabdominal viscera are even rarer, and may or may not be present. The uncommon nature of presentation and the intriguing features of the present case have prompted this review. Extensive search of the world literature has revealed only seven more cases of this type, and in none of them was vesical involvement seen. The problems of management of these injuries are outlined.
The Anatomy of Backache
Authors: Bradley K. C.
Published: January 2008

Backache is a common condition. Dissections have been made of human cadavers with the aid of a microscope. The posterior primary rami of segmental nerves have been examined. Particular reference is made to the distribution of medial divisions of the nerves. The innervation of the posterior vertebral joints and the posterior aspect of the sacrum is illustrated.
The Surgical Treatment of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Duffy Graeme
Published: January 2008

Forty consecutive cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms are studied. Thirty of these were operated on. In 29 the aim of surgery was to clip the neck of the aneurysm. Of these patients, 73% returned to normal life, 9% were left with a permanent mild disability, 8% with a moderate disability and 10% died in the postoperative period. Angiographic spasm was not in itself a contraindication to surgery, the clinical state of the patient being the most useful index. In selected cases definitive treatment to occlude the neck of the aneurysm to prevent recurrent hemorrhage can be undertaken with acceptable results, giving a better outlook than the natural history of an untreated anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
Cervical Vertigo
Authors: Wing Lindsay W. , Hobart W. HargraveWilson
Published: January 2008

This paper describes the clinical, audiological, routine vestibular and X‐ray findings in 80 patients with cervical vertigo. Together with these are the electronystagmographic abnormalities recorded with head and neck movement before and after manipulation of the cervical and upper dorsal spine (without anesthesia), and the symptomatic response to this treatment.
Some Observations on Intensive Therapy Monitoring
Authors: Morton A. P. , Baker A. B.
Published: January 2008

The care of the critically ill patient depends first and foremost on repeated clinical evaluation by knowledgeable medical attendants and nurses. This clinical evaluation must, however, be supplemented by a variety of monitoring procedures if optimum care is to be maintained. Some monitoring techniques are complex, costly and invasive, and the additional information they provide may not be very great; it is thus imperative that clear indications for these procedures be defined if wastage of money and manpower is to be avoided and the risk of patient injury minimized. In this article several monitoring techniques concerned with central vascular volume arc discussed in the hope of providing guide‐lines for their use and of stimulating further interest in this problem.
Giant Intraabdominal Seminoma: Case Report with a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Raghavaiah N. V. , Rao B. S. , Reddy S. S.
Published: January 2008

Testicular tumours are uncommon. It is well known that an ectopic testis is more prone to malignancy. However, only relatively few cases of intraabdominal malignant testicular tumours have been recorded in the literature. In this communication, a report of an intraabdominal seminoma is presented both because of its rarity, and because to our knowledge it is the largest intraabdominal seminoma so far recorded.
The Role of Amino Acids as Stimulants of Antral Release
Authors: Kubacz George J.
Published: January 2008

This article evaluates the ability of various amino acids commonly found in meat extract to stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid from the stomach. This ability is compared with that resulting from endogenous and exogenous gastrin and histamine stimulation. It is proposed that the ainino acids glycine and beta‐alanine be used as alternatives to meat extract in tests of antral function.
Burst Stump Abscess Following Appendicectomy: A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Thomas M. P.
Published: January 2008

After appendicectomy, rupture of the abscess that forms around the inverted stump of the appendix may occur, giving rise to general peritonitis. Four such cases are reported, and the techniques of the operation of appendicectomy are reviewed.
Enteric Perforation in Typhoid Fever: A Study of 15 Cases
Authors: Singh Joginder , Singh Bholla
Published: January 2008

Fifteen patients suffering from typhoid perforation are reported and discussed. Controversy still persists regarding the best form of treatment. One can still only state that each patient should be treated on his or her merits.