bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Similarity between Dynamic Behavior of a Reduced-Scale One Span Historical Masonry Arch Bridge Model and Prototype Bridge
Authors: Alpaslan Emre
Published: December 2019

Experimental investigations of large and complex structural systems can be carried out by reduced-scale models in terms of convenience, time-saving and economical. This can be applied to different fields of study such as vibration, impact and explosion problems in structural engineering and allows reliable analysis to understand the static and dynamic behavior of real structures called a prototype. This study aims that a 1/3 reduced-scale model is created in the laboratory environment considering similitude requirements by selecting a single span historical masonry arch bridge as a prototype structure. For this purpose, the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) Technique is utilized for experimental study to determine modal parameters of the prototype and model bridges. The similarity of the dynamic behavior of the reduced-scale bridge model and prototype are investigated. The analysis of the similarity in the dynamic behavior of the prototype and model bridge consists of comparing the natural frequencies and mode shapes by utilizing the modal assurance criterion (MAC) corresponding to the translational, bending and torsional modes. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the dynamic behavior of the reduced-scale bridge model is similar to the dynamic behavior of the prototype bridge.
The 2017/18 beet campaign – Suiker Unie
Authors: Antens Nico
Published: December 2019

In the Netherlands the beet acreage increased by more than 20% compared to 2016. With an excellent growing season with a beet yield record of more than 93 t/ha of beet, more than 8 mn t of beet were processed in the two Dutch sugar factories. The campaign in the Netherlands lasted up to 152 days, which is a new record. In 2017 some major expansion projects, two new beet washing plants, were realized resulting in daily peaks of up to 30,000 t/d beet processing. The Anklam factory in Germany had a good beet campaign with stable beet slicing rates and an excellent beet quality until the end of the campaign. The beet cultivation and harvest, main investments and process disturbances of the 2017/18 campaign at the three Suiker Unie factories Anklam (D), Dinteloord (NL) and Vierverlaten (NL) are discussed.
Thermal degradation kinetics of sugars under typical processing conditions found in Brazilian sugar and ethanol factories
Authors: Nolasco Jr Jonas , de Massaguer Pilar Rodriguez
Published: December 2019

The thermal profile of juice from clarification to syrup including the transfer pipes in a Brazilian sugar mill was determined to estimate the sugar losses through kinetics. Two cane juice flow rates (100% and 60% of maximum) were studied under technical conditions. At the maximum cane juice flow rate and considering only the evaporation set, the total thermal hydrolysis of sucrose and degradation of total sugar as invert sugar, TSAI, were 1.09% and 0.32%, respectively. Including clarification with its residence time of 70 min, losses increased to 1.67% and 0.53%, respectively. At the lower flow rate, losses were 0.99% and 0.30%, respectively and increased to 1.58% and 0.51%, respectively taking clarification into account. The tools used in this work are widely applied in the food industry to optimize thermal processes to achieve maximum retention of nutrients and shelf life of products.
Geotechnical Study of The Impact of Groundwater Level For Slope Stability in Coal Mine
Authors: Frans Jioni Santo , Nurfalaq Muhammad Hafizh
Published: December 2019

Rock mass has force equilibrium which can be disturbed due to changes in rock mass conditions, both by naturally as well as human activities. In response, rock masses could have instability to reach new equilibrium and trigger landslides. Unstable slopes will affect the safety, economic and social factors. Groundwater has its own problems in mining management. Pore water pressure can cause uplift force and reduce the strength of the rock mass forming slopes and affect the slope stability. The study area has groundwater level relatively close to surface and causes the slope to be in nearly saturated condition. This research aims to study of the effect of groundwater levels on the stability of coal mine slopes in the study area. The research method includes collecting primary data through field observations to collect related technical data and secondary data collection through literature studies. Slope stability analysis was carried out to obtain recommendations with a minimum Safety Factor of 1.30. The results showed the ground water level has an inverse relationship to Safety Factor value. The recommendation is  depressurisation using drain holes. The target of groundwater level reduction in the mine wall is RL+40 in the sidewall area and RL+65 in the highwall area. Another alternative is is by resloping the overall slope angle of the mine wall in the study area. The mine slope is recommended for layback with an overall slope angle of around 24 °.
Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor
Authors: KÜLZER Andreas
Published: December 2019

Landscapes
are in perpetual transformation. This happens partly due to natural
causes, like climatic
changes or changes of soil quality, for example by salinization, partly
due to human beings and their interventions, just to recall deforestation, or the regulation of
rivers. Among
others, the establishment of settlements and the construction of roads are
common efforts to transform a natural space into a cultural landscape. –
Historical geography tries to reconstruct the former state of a landscape,
focusing on a special period, for example Late Antiquity or the Middle
Byzantine Period. The reconstruction focus on different aspects, by using
various methods, scientific approaches like geodesy and geophysics as well as
historical or philological approaches like the analysis of written sources or
archaeological data. Different time levels may appear in the picture presented
as research result; some places are connected with diverse ideas and traditions
during their history. Both the author and the reader of an academic study must
be aware of the fact that subjective interpretation is always an
important factor of each historical and historic-geographical work. Among other
places in Western Anatolia, the area of Ephesus is a good example to illustrate
this: a changing landscape and divergent interpretations of literary sources
and the local archaeological material offer different pictures of the
settlement conditions in that area during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Empirical Modelling and Investigation of Solar Panel Tilt Angle Analysis
Authors: Osahenvemwen Austin O , Iroh O C , Egwunyenga G E
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the empirical modelling and investigation of solar panel tilt angle analysis. The aim is to determine the best suitable tilt angle for harvesting the optimal voltage from the solar panel system. Mono-crystalline solar panel with 220W was used to determine the output voltage from the solar panel, along with range of angles measured in degree (from 180 to 90) with responding time in hours (from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) towards the East and West hemispherical directions at Ekpoma. The experiment was carried out for duration of one year at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (latitude 6.750N and longitude 6.070E).The highest output voltage from solar panel was obtained at 1.00 p.m. for the study location while the total output voltage (2745.32V) obtained from west hemisphere direction was higher than the voltage (2709.06V) obtained from the East hemispherical direction. The best tilt angle suitable for optimal voltage harvest is 10degree. Based on the empirical model deduced, it was observed that the output daily voltage at constant angle exhibits a polynomial distribution pattern with the least error value of 0.269.
Power Loss Determination, Assessment and Enhancement of the Nigerian Power System Network
Authors: Airoboman Abel , Tyo T. M.
Published: December 2019

For sustainability to be recorded in the Nigeria power sector (NPS), there must be a well-integrated system that is not easily prone to failure and is readily available when called into action. The NPS has overtime suffered from degraded infrastructure, policy paralysis to mention but few. However, if the needful is done with respect to identifying weak links in the network and a corresponding fast action in clearing failures along the line(s) then, some remarkable achievements could be recorded. This paper, therefore, carried out power flow analysis using the Newton Raphson Algorithm on the Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) version 12.6 on the NPS network using Maryland transmission station (MTS), Lagos, Nigeria as a case study. The choice of the location was as a result of the sensitivity of Lagos State in the economic activities of Nigeria. Results from the load flow indicated several voltage violations at load1 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus with magnitudes of 94.51, 94.91 and 94.79 % respectively. Consequently, transformers designated as T2A and T3A were said to have the highest and lowest branch losses of 150.0kW and 18.2kW respectively.  Compensation of the losses along the line was carried out using optimal capacitor placement (OCP) subjected to constraints on the ETAP environment. The results from the OCP showed that it optimally sized and placed four capacitor banks on four of the candidate buses, which include load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus. An improvement of 2.26%, 1.12%, 1.93%, 1.12% and 2.006% were recorded for load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus, load4 bus and load5 bus respectively.
Performance Evaluation of Medium-Term Load Forecasting Approaches: A Case Study of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olabode O. E. , Okakwu Ignatius K , Ade-Ikuesan O. O. , Fajuke I. D.
Published: December 2019

The place of electrical energy in enhancement of this computer age cannot be over-emphasised. Its forecast plays a significant functions in energy industry, helps the government and private sectors in making the precise decision regarding energy management practices. This paper presents performance evaluation of medium-term load forecasting techniques: a case study of Ogun State, Nigeria. Two different approaches were used using the previous load consumption in 2017 for the forecast. Least square approach compared with regression exponential approaches gave the least value of Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), which are 1.8212% and 0.004472 respectively. The anticipated percentage load growth for the months of July-December, 2018 forecasted with least square approach were 34.06%, 33.54%, 36.10%, 31.10%, 32.23% and 30.15% respectively, acute gas supply caused by pipeline vandalisation and theft of distribution/sub-station materials could be held responsible for low load growth in the month of December. The results of this analysis will assist the Regional Headquarters, Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company (IBEDC), Abeokuta, Ogun State in making effective planning, operation and management of energy across the state.
A Study on the Political Economy of Transforming Indigenous Technology in Nigeria through Appropriate Engineering and Technological Development
Authors: Akpojedje France Onoabedje , Ighodaro Henry F.
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the political economy of transforming indigenous technology in Nigeria through suitable engineering and technological development. The existing state of position of the indigenous technology with respect to its problems as it affects socio-economic growth, good governance and technological advancement were looked into. After in-depth evaluation, it was mirrored that there were some obstacles in the transformation of the nation’s indigenous technology to meet global standards. Therefore, this paper proposes the 3-I (imitation, improvement and innovation) technological advancement model as the way forward to start spiral process model of technological innovation that will aid the transformation of the indigenous technology to stimulate political-economic and technological advancement of the country. Economic growth will go side by side with technological advancement and national social security but the government is an indispensable entity in the developmental process.
Design of Facultative Pond for the Treatment of Industrial Waste Water in Urban Settlement
Authors: Okonofua Ehizonomhen Solomon , Oghoyafedo Nosakhare Kent
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the degree of pollution of Ikpoba River due to the incessant discharge of industrial wastewater into the river. The entire study area was digitised and geo-referenced in order to generate the map of the study area as well as the sampling points. Eight (8) water samples were obtained from different locations from the direction of flow of industrial discharge into the river and also within the river. The coordinate of the sample collection points were acquired using handheld geographic positioning system (GPS). Water samples for physicochemical analysis were collected in a clean sterilized plastic container and analysis were carried out in the laboratory following standard procedure. The environmental variables measured were dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solid (TSS), pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, concentration of nitrate and nitrite, chloride, phosphate, zinc, barium, tin, biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, manganese, magnesium, calcium etc. Results obtained showed that most parameters investigated had increasing values. The calculated water quality index (WQI) from the sampling points ranged from 40.02 to 52.62, which indicates that most of the samples are bad as classified using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standard. This study therefore recommends that water quality around areas of industrial wastewater discharge in Ikpoba hill should be monitored and adequate treatment recommended where necessary.
Variable Warm Dust around the Herbig Ae Star HD 169142: Birth of a Ring?*
Authors: Chen Lei , Moór Attila , Kreplin Alexander , Kóspál Ágnes , Ábrahám Peter , Matter Alexis , Carmona Andres , Hofmann Karl-Heinz , Schertl Dieter , Weigelt Gerd
Published: December 2019

The Herbig Ae star HD 169142 is known to have a gaseous disk with a large inner hole, and also a photometrically variable inner dust component in the sub-astronomical-unit region. Following up on our previous analysis, we further studied the temporal evolution of inner dust around HD 169142, which may provide information on the evolution from late-stage protoplanetary disks to debris disks. We used near-infrared interferometric observations obtained with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer/PIONIER to constrain the dust distribution at three epochs spanning six years. We also studied the photometric variability of HD 169142 using our optical–infrared observations and archival data. Our results indicate that a dust ring at ∼0.3 au formed some time between 2013 and 2018, and then faded (but did not completely disappear) by 2019. The short-term variability resembles that observed in extreme debris disks, and is likely related to short-lived dust of secondary origin, though variable shadowing from the inner ring could be an alternative interpretation. If confirmed, this is the first direct detection of secondary dust production inside a protoplanetary disk.
De l’usage du langage indirect pour exprimer l’expérience religieuse
Authors: Meessen Yves
Published: December 2019

Que l’expérience religieuse nécessite l’usage du langage indirect ne l’isole pas des autres modes de communication. Au contraire, il y va de la révélation de l’essence même du langage. Socrate reconnaît qu’il n’a pas le pouvoir de faire passer un concept de son esprit à celui d’autrui via l’énonciation d’un mot qui en serait le véhicule transparent. Simultanément, il s’acquitte de sa tâche en conduisant son interlocuteur à une transformation intérieure sans laquelle ce dernier ne peut percevoir la chose dont on parle. Kierkegaard s’appuie sur cet « astucieux petit mystère socratique » pour aller plus loin. Mettant en relief la contrariété interne à l’action, par la passion subie en contrecoup, il manifeste la nécessité de la voie religieuse comme seule issue possible dans le dévoilement du sujet à lui-même.
Mexique : les disparités Nord-Sud
Authors: Ramos Gabriela
Published: December 2019

Malgré de nombreuses tentatives visant à mettre en œuvre des programmes et des réformes de politique publique, le Mexique présente toujours de hauts niveaux de pauvreté et d’inégalités. Le pays se caractérise par de grandes disparités régionales entre le Nord et le Sud, que viennent aggraver des facteurs tels que la proximité ou l’éloignement des marchés commerciaux, les infrastructures et capacités logistiques, l’éducation et le développement du numérique, ou encore les discriminations. Ces fractures importantes doivent être combattues par une stratégie de croissance inclusive, dont les principes directeurs – la redistribution en aval et sur le marché, l’égalité des genres et des populations en termes de chances et d’opportunités, ainsi que la confiance entre les gouvernements, les acteurs et les citoyens – exigent que l’État se dote des capacités financières et des compétences adéquates.
L’amour du roi dans le discours des États de Languedoc au xv e siècle
Authors: Quéré Sylvie
Published: December 2019

L’amour du roi occupe une place privilégiée au sein du discours politique des États de Languedoc au xv e  siècle. Il s’y exprime à travers trois registres émotionnels : celui, d’abord, de l’amour dû qui fonde le lien politique entre le roi et les États et renforce leur rôle au sein de l’espace politique ; celui, ensuite, de l’amour voulu qui témoigne de la libre adhésion des États de Languedoc à l’État royal et de leur indéfectible loyauté envers la couronne ; celui, finalement, de l’amour récompensé qui induit des rapports de réciprocité fondés sur le don et le contre-don.
Les exportations bioalimentaires, une voie incontournable pour les PME québécoises
Authors: Arcand Sébastien , Cloutier L. Martin , Contant Annie , Gaignaire Anne
Published: December 2019

En 25 ans, les exportations de produits bioalimentaires québécois ont quadruplé. Le mérite en revient aux grandes entreprises, les PME du secteur s’illustrant moins à l’international. Il faut dire que les défis sont grands, mais en s’y prenant bien, les débouchés peuvent être excellents.
Quiz – Sous-performance de votre équipe : êtes-vous trop tolérant ?
Authors: Charpentier Alexis , Bertholet Jean-François , Gaudet Marie-Claude
Published: December 2019

Le gestionnaire joue un rôle clé dans la mobilisation de son équipe. Grâce à son influence et à sa capacité à agir comme modèle, un bon leader sait inspirer ses employés et faire éclore leur plein potentiel. Mais que faire quand certains d’entre eux sous-performent ? Peut-on tolérer cette situation ou doit-on intervenir ?
Un service psychiatrique français orienté vers le rétablissement par le logement
Authors: Matera Giovanni
Published: December 2019

Introduction : Dans un contexte marqué par les expériences innovantes issues des luttes anti-asilaires des années 1970, un Service Appartements, faisant partie du secteur depuis des décennies pour faciliter l’intégration sociale, se focalise actuellement sur la promotion des capacités à vivre en appartement de façon indépendante. La notion de « rétablissement » est mobilisée dans la prise en charge des patients les plus autonomes : n’ayant pas vécu d’hospitalisations au long cours, ceux-ci sont considérés comme capables de respecter un contrat d’assistance. L’article examine la prise en charge psychiatrique dans le cadre d’un accompagnement en appartement. Méthode : Nous avons mobilisé les outils de la sociologie des régimes d’engagement dans l’étude d’un cas suivi par une approche ethnographique. Son but est d’analyser la portée du défaut d’adhésion thérapeutique dans la prise en charge, et le rôle que l’appartement joue dans la traduction de ce défaut, en termes de déficit de capacités. Résultats  : Dans le cas observé, le refus de la personne assistée a déclenché une évaluation et une série d’épreuves prévues par le travail de soutien aux capacités, lesquelles déterminent la réorientation de l’accompagnement en appartement vers une structure médicalisée. Conclusion  : L’analyse de l’organisation des soins, à partir d’un objectif médical, met en lumière un « gouvernement par l’objectif » qui conduit le Service Appartements à abandonner le travail d’intégration sociale. Des alternatives à cette rupture, comportant le maintien de l’appartement, sont explorées.
Les enjeux de la collaboration entre médecins généralistes et psychiatres
Authors: Linder Audrey , Widmer Daniel , Fitoussi Claire , de Roten Yves , Despland Jean-Nicolas , Ambresin Gilles
Published: December 2019

La collaboration des médecins généralistes et des psychiatres dans la prise en charge de la dépression chronique est considérée comme nécessaire, mais qualifiée de suboptimale dans la littérature. Cette étude qualitative vise à mieux cerner les facteurs qui influent sur la décision de référer un patient dépressif chronique au psychiatre. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené trois focus groups avec des généralistes suisses romands qui ont compté un total de vingt-deux participants. Les focus groups ont été enregistrés et retranscrits, puis codés par trois membres de l’équipe pluridisciplinaire de recherche, à l’aide du logiciel MaxQDA. Nous montrons qu’il existe un processus de classement des patients par les généralistes, entre ceux qui constituent des « bons cas » pour le psychiatre et ceux qui expriment leur souffrance uniquement par le corps, et qui ne seront traités qu’au cabinet du généraliste. Un tel classement peut, dès lors, produire des inégalités d’accès à la psychothérapie. Différentes raisons mènent les généralistes à référer leur patient. Nous constatons que celles-ci ne concernent que rarement la reconnaissance d’une expertise spécifique du psychiatre dans la prise en charge de la dépression chronique. Il apparaît aussi que les généralistes se perçoivent comme des spécialistes de la relation , qu’ils considèrent comme centrale dans la prise en charge de la dépression chronique. Par ailleurs, certains d’entre eux entretiennent des représentations négatives des psychiatres. Ces éléments évoquent l’existence d’enjeux autour des frontières professionnelles, ce qui peut jouer en défaveur d’une collaboration. En conclusion, une clarification des spécificités de chacun – par la formation et des rencontres interprofessionnelles – permettrait de diminuer les représentations négatives des généralistes sur les psychiatres et de favoriser la collaboration, facilitant ainsi l’acte de référer des patients dépressifs chroniques au psychiatre.
Informativité des déclarations de pharmacovigilance en médecine générale en France
Authors: Humbert Xavier , Jacquot Julien , Alexandre Joachim , Sassier Marion , Robin Ninon , Pageot Cécile , Kheloufi Farid , Joyau Caroline , Coquerel Antoine , Durrieu Geneviève , Fedrizzi Sophie
Published: December 2019

Introduction : La notification spontanée des effets indésirables médicamenteux (EIMs) est un des piliers de la surveillance en post-AMM. Une des principales limites de cette dernière concerne la qualité de l’information de ces notifications. L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’évaluer l’informativité des observations d’EIMs enregistrées dans la Base Nationale de PharmacoVigilance (BNPV) à partir des déclarations des médecins généralistes (MGs). L’objectif secondaire était d’identifier les facteurs associés à une déclaration complète. Méthode : Toutes les observations d’EIMs déclarées en France, en 2015, par les MGs ont été extraites. Après analyse du contenu de ces déclarations (EIM, date d’apparition, description clinique, médicament imputé, etc.), l’informativité était analysée à partir de plusieurs critères obligatoires (âge, genre, EIM et médicament(s) suspecté(s)) et facultatifs (antécédents médicaux, médicaments concomitants, évolution de la symptomatologie et examens complémentaires) ; cela a permis de classifier les déclarations en « bien renseignée », « moyennement renseignée » et « mal renseignée ». Résultats : Durant l’année 2015, la BNPV comportait 3 020 déclarations réalisées par les MGs français. Seulement 16,4 % des déclarations de pharmacovigilance rapportées étaient « bien renseignées ». Les critères les moins bien documentés étaient les médicaments concomitants (41,4 %) et les examens complémentaires (37,4 %). Les observations complètes étaient associées à la gravité des cas (OR = 3,02 [IC 95 % 2,44 ; 3,23], p  < 10 –3 ) et aux personnes âgées par rapport aux adultes (OR = 1,76 [IC 95 % 1,42 ; 2,18], p  < 10 –3 ) ou aux enfants (OR = 4,59 [IC 95 % 2,51 ; 8,39], p  < 10 –3 ). Conclusion : Notre travail montre que seulement un peu plus d’une déclaration sur six est « bien renseignée ». Il apparaît important de promouvoir la pharmacovigilance afin d’améliorer l’informativité des déclarations.
Risques toxicologiques de la cohabitation avec une décharge : cas d’Akouédo en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Adjiri Oi Adjiri , Any-Grah Sandrine Aka , Kouamé Kouamé Victor , Kouassi Elisée Kporou , Biémi Jean
Published: December 2019

Introduction : L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les risques sanitaires liés à l’exposition aux métaux (Pb, Cd, Hg et Cr) chez les populations vivant aux alentours de la décharge d’Akouédo. Méthode : Cette évaluation a nécessité l’exploitation des données toxicologiques de référence les plus récentes relatives à l’exposition humaine à ces polluants et les résultats de mesures faites dans l’environnement. Le croisement de ces deux sources de données par simulation CalTOX a permis de calculer des doses journalières d’exposition, via la consommation de poussières de sol, d’eaux contaminées et de denrées alimentaires. Résultats et discussion : Les doses d’exposition au plomb (1,05-1,34 ppm) et au mercure (1,46 ∙ 10 –2 -2,16 ∙ 10 –2 ppm) apparaissent les plus élevées. Les quotients de danger sont également élevés et sont respectivement, en moyenne, 220 et 54 fois les Valeurs Toxicologiques de Référence (VTR). En outre, l’exposition au plomb pour les nourrissons présente un quotient de danger 15 fois supérieur aux VTR. Le calcul de l’impact sanitaire dû au chrome donne 9 cas de cancers qui seraient déclarés par an. La comparaison des valeurs théoriques avec celles estimées par calcul donne des ratios de danger théoriques surévalués pour les quatre polluants (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr). Cette surévaluation pourrait être liée aux incertitudes dans les mesures et dans les calculs. Nos résultats montrent que les populations vivant aux alentours de la décharge d’Akouédo sont clairement exposées aux intoxications des polluants indiqués. Conclusion : Cette décharge constitue donc un problème de santé publique majeur. En conséquence, des moyens de prévention tels que la fermeture et la réhabilitation du site doivent être pris urgemment. Aussi, la construction dans la zone, d’un centre hospitalier spécifique au traitement des pathologies découlant de l’intoxication aux polluants indiqués serait souhaitable.
Corneal Higher Order Wavefront Aberrations After Hyperopic Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Nanba Atsuko , Amano Shiro , Oshika Tetsuro , Uno Toshihiko , Toshino Atsuko , Ohashi Yuichi , Yamaguchi Tatsuo , Mihashi Toshifumi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in corneal higher order wavefront aberrations after hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS: In a prospective case series, 15 eyes of 12 patients who had hyperopic LASIK were evaluated. Corneal topography was obtained before and after hyperopic LASIK with a Nidek EC 5000 laser using 5.5/8.0 ablation zones. Using anterior corneal height data, the changes in corneal higher order wavefront aberrations were calculated.

RESULTS: The surgery significantly increased both corneal coma -I ike aberration (preoperative/6 months postoperative, 0.054/0.147 [172% increase] for3-mm pupil and 0.381/1.076 [182% increase] for 6-mm pupil) and corneal spherical- 1 ike aberration (preoperative/6 months postoperative, 0.039/0.067 [72% increase] for 3-mm pupil and 0.297/0.959 [223% increase] for 6mm pupil). The surgery significantly decreased Zernike coefficient 12 and the polarity of corneal spherical aberration changed from preoperative positive value to negative postoperatively. For a 3-mm pupil, the achieved changes in spherical equivalent refraction significantly correlated with the induced changes in the corneal coma-like aberration (R=0.629, P=. 010), but not with those in corneal spherical-like aberration (R =0.408, P=. 133) or Zernike coefficient 12 (R=-0.301, P =.282). For a 6-mm pupil, the achieved changes in spherical equivalent refraction significantly correlated with the induced changes in the corneal spherical-like aberration (R=0.862, P<.0001) and Zernike coefficient 12 (R= -0.872, P<.001) but not with those in corneal coma-like aberration (R =0.449, P=. 094).

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK significantly increases corneal coma-like and spherical-like aberrations and changes corneal spherical aberration from a positive to negative value. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:46-51.]
US Trends in Refractive Surgery: 2003 ISRS/AAO Survey
Authors: Duffey Richard J , Leaming David
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the latest trends in refractive surgery in the United States.

METHODS: All US members of the International Society of Refractive Surgery of the American Academy of Ophthalmology were mailed the 2003 refractive surgery survey dealing with volumes, types, preferences of refractive surgery performed, and use of new emerging technology. Questions regarding radial keratotomy (RK), astigmatic keratotomy (AK), limbal relaxing incisions (LRI), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), intracorneal ring segments (ICRS), laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK), conductive keratoplasty (CK), phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL), clear lens extractions (CLE), and scleral expansion (SE) procedures were examined in the survey. Use of lasers, microkeratomes, pupillometry instruments, postoperative medications, wavefront analyzers, topographers, etc were examined.

RESULTS: In 2003, LASIK continued to dominate for refractive errors between -8.00 to +3 diopters. Surgeons are waiting on the PIOL for high myopes and are performing CLE for high hype ropes. Photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, LASEK, CLE, PIOL, and CK appeared to have bright futures; whereas, RK, ICR, LTK and SE were on the decline. Bilateral LASIK at the same surgical session is offered by 98% of surgeons. VISX lasers are used 2:1 over all other lasers in the United States. Zeiss- Humph rey still dominates topographers at 37%. The Bausch & Lomb Hansatome (48%) leads microkeratomes. Surgeons are charging, on average, $300-$500 more per eye for custom ablations and these ablations have already been accepted and integrated into refractive practices. Comanaging of refractive surgery patients is significantly down from previous years. Fourth -gene ration fluoroquinolones overtook the postoperative antibiotic prescriptions, with prednisolone and fluoromethalone dominating as anti-inflammatories.

CONCLUSIONS: Trends and changes as refractive surgery grows in the mainstream of ophthalmology in the United States continue to be elucidated by this professional organization survey. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:87-91.]
A Web and Mobile GIS for Identifying Areas within the Radius Affected by Natural Disasters Based on OpenStreetMap Data
Authors: Ariyanto Rudy , Syaifudin Yan Watequlis , Puspitasari Dwi , Suprihatin Suprihatin , Ananta Ahmadi Yuli , Setiawan Awan , Rohadi Erfan
Published: December 2019

In many countries where natural disasters often occur, such as Indonesia, information about the area affected by the disaster is very important. As in the transportation sector, road users must avoid affected areas and roads. To overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify areas affected by natural disasters within a certain radius. We use a web-based and mobile platform to present an open access system. In addition, we utilize OpenStreetMap map data as a source of spatial database that is open, wide-scale, and complete. In the initial stage, polygon-shaped road data will be split in-to shorter line segments and stored in PostGIS Spatial DBMS. Furthermore, this system will automatically detect road segments that included within the radius of a natural disaster event. Displays of road segments affected by disasters will be accessible to users through web and mobile applications. In addition, we also test and evaluate our system in case studies in certain areas in Indonesia.
Criticality Analysis of Medical Equipment: A Case Study at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) Amman-Jordan
Authors: Abdul Jawwad Abdul Kareem , Saleem Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Proper maintenance management of medical equipment is of prime importance to the health sector as otherwise this would result in poor treatment, longer waiting times and patients suffering as well as draining, the normally limited, financial resources of most public medical institutions. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman-Jordan is a unique medical institution where treatment of different types of cancer is provided and where equipment unavailability is considered a risky event which may result in life-threatening complications.  This is especially true for critical treatment equipment. Criticality analysis was performed on a representative sample of medical equipment at KHCC in order to assess and improve the effectiveness of current maintenance management policy. A sample of twenty-one medical devices was selected for this study. Past failure and maintenance data, in addition to relevant financial information, were collected for these devices and compiled into criticality ranks.  In order to take account of the special nature of these equipment medical criticality (in terms of risk score) values were also calculated based on relevant tables of the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE). Overall criticality ranking of medical equipment was then determined based on equipment cost, ASHE risk score, reliability and maintenance cost.  The present results have revealed major flaws within the purchase and maintenance policies at KHCC. For example, some extremely expensive devices with extremely high-cost maintenance contracts were revealed to exhibit low reliability values and suffer from repeated failures. These were within patient-sensitive equipment cancer treatment devices. The results also have shown that under "less than optimum" maintenance practice, the ASHE risk score may be a misleading measure of equipment criticality. This was shown by comparing the obtained overall equipment criticality to their ASHE risk score where high level of discrepancy was present between the two measures.
Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessed by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Hospitalized Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kiran G. Ravi , Chandra Ch. Sarath , Chandrasekhar P. , Ali Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography right ventricle ejection fraction (2D-TTE-RV-EF) calculated using 2D-TTE and compare the results with conventional RV function parameters such as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV fractional area change (RV-FAC) in hospitalized dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) patients.

Methods:

This is a prospective, observational study that includes 122 DCMP patients. RV was modeled as a part of an ellipsoid enabling calculation of RV volume by combining three echo measurements. RVEF is then calculated (2D-TTE-RV-EF). P< 0.05 is considered statistically significant, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of inhospital outcomes.

Results:

The mean age of study population was 51.2 ± 9.2 years with male: female ratio of 1.8:1. Mean value of LV-EF (Simpson biplane model) and 2D-TTE-RV-EF (ellipsoid model) was 33.6% ± 7.1% and 38.1% ± 11.2%, respectively. About 41 (33.6%) patients experienced inhospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In multivariate regression analysis, New York Heart Association class III or IV status, reduced LV-EF, reduced 2D-TTE-RV-EF, and cardiogenic shock at presentation were found to be independent predictors of in MACE. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value of 2D-TTE-RV-EF for predicting inhospital MACE was 32.8%.

Conclusion:

Quantitative assessment of RV function with 2D-TTE-RV-EF improves the risk stratification beyond provided by LV-EF; the prognostic value may be better than that provided by TAPSE and RV-FAC.
Impact of Ventricular Morphology on Myocardial Deformation in Patients with Single Ventricle
Authors: Ezzeldin Dina Adel , Yasmin Abd El Razek , Shouman Khaled , Atteya Heba
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Functional single ventricle represent a heterogeneous group of anomalies sharing a common feature which is a functional single cardiac chamber. (1) In different series of congenital heart disease patients, cases of UVH represent about 1–2% of total congenital heart diseases. (2) Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has recently emerged as a novel technique for objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function.

Objectives:

To determine impact of ventricular morphology on myocardial deformation in patients with single ventricle.

Patients and Methods:

The study included 47 patients with functional single ventricle whether they underwent cavopulmonary anastomosis or not. All patients were referred for elective cardiac catheterization or follow up echocardiography in Ain Shams university hospitals, Cardiology department, from November 2017 to July 2018. All patients underwent full echocardiographic assessment including assessment of the dominant ventricular function by STE.

Results:

The study included 47 patients, 30 males (63.8%) and 17 females (36.2%). Their age ranged between 6-12 years, with mean age of 8.22 ± 1.94. The morphology of the dominant ventricle determined ventricular function by both 2D parameters and STE. Patients with a dominant LV had higher strain values. Patients who underwent a cavopulmonary shunt also had better ventricular functions. All patients included in the study showed impaired dominant ventricular function by STE even those who had normal EF by standard 2D TTE suggesting that subtle ventricular dysfunction in patients with single ventricle can be unmasked by STE.
Atypical Presentation of Typical Parachute-Like Asymmetrical Mitral Valve
Authors: Rath Pratap Chandra , Asad Md Abdul Azeez , Reddy B. V. A. Ranga , Dillikar Monica Vinesh , Reddy C. Rajesh
Published: December 2019

Parachute and parachute-like mitral valve are extremely rare congenital anomalies of mitral valve involving multiple aspects of mitral valve apparatus. It is usually seen in the younger age group. Very few cases of isolated parachute-like mitral valve in the adult age group have been in the literature. We hereby present a case report of 70-year-old elderly man who had presented with recurrent stroke and a routine transthoracic echocardiography had revealed a classical description of asymmetrical mitral valve.
Os trabalhadores negros em 3x4: fotografia, história do trabalho e pós-abolição. Pelotas-RS, 1933-1944
Authors: Lopes Aristeu Elisandro Machado
Published: December 2019

A proposta deste artigo é analisar um conjunto de informações e as fotografias3x4 dos trabalhadores negros que solicitaram carteira profissional, no município de Pelotas/RS, entre os anos de 1933 e 1944. Como a cidade se caracterizou, no século XIX, pela ascensão econômica advinda da exploração da mão de obra escravizada, a proposta se desenvolverá, também, abordando questões sobre a presença da população negra a partir dos dados demográficos disponíveis. O objetivo principal, todavia, será a análise das informações do acervo da Delegacia Regional do Trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul, constituído por uma ficha que registrava os dados do trabalhador, as impressões digitais dos dedos das mãos e uma fotografia no formato 3x4. A fotografia dos trabalhadores negros é considerada como um importante registro visual da população negra da cidade, uma vez que pouco ou quase nada foi preservado sobre a história desses homens e mulheres, nas primeiras décadas do século XX.
'Constitución mixta' en la república de Florencia a principios del siglo XVI
Authors: Sancho Rocher Laura
Published: December 2019

En la tradición occidental ha predominado una única interpretación de la constitución mixta, la que aplicó Polibio a Esparta y a Roma. Sin embargo, en el pensamiento político griego existieron versiones anteriores y menos rígidas de esa idea de mezclar principios o instituciones de diversas ordenaciones políticas; especialmente las de Platón y Aristóteles. Los teóricos florentinos del siglo XVI, que analizamos en este trabajo, escribieron cuando acababa de aparecer la traducción latina del libro VI del historiador aqueo. Maquiavelo, Guicciardini o Giannotti escribieron motivados por el interés de preservar la república ante la amenaza de la “tiranía” y, con ese objetivo, no se limitaron a aplicar la idea polibiana de constitución mixta, sino que también se sirvieron de las soluciones teóricas de los pensadores griegos del final del clasicismo.
Posverdad y victimización en Twitter ante el caso de la manada: propuesta de un marco analítico a partir del testimonio ético
Authors: Núñez Puente Sonia , Fernández Romero Diana
Published: December 2019

La misoginia en red ha propiciado que el activismo feminista en España se haya visto obligado a competir por el espacio discursivo en redes sociales. La disputa por el lugar de la víctima de violencia de género en la Red conlleva la pugna por el testimonio de la violencia que, a su vez, se polariza a través del dispositivo discursivo de la posverdad. A partir de la operacionalización del testimonio ético (Oliver, 2001, 2004) proponemos un marco analítico que nos permita indagar en la construcción discursiva de los hashtags #YoSiTeCreo y #YoNoTeCreo que surgieron como respuesta al juicio y a la sentencia del caso considerado como abuso sexual por parte de La Manada. Considerando los dos espacios discursivos generados mediante los dos hashtags, a partir del marco analítico propuesto se podría sostener que el discurso que surge a partir de #YoSiTeCreo consigue activar una respuesta política creando comunidades afectivas feministas de resistencia mediadas digitalmente por el “hashtag feminism” (Khoja-Moolji, 2015). Mientras que #YoNoTeCreo actúa a modo de “victimización agenciadora” (Banet-Weiser, en prensa) que hace pasar por luchas colectivas las demandas individuales con el apoyo de la visibilidad, los afectos y la espectacularización.
El tacto y la interacción en el arte maya antiguo
Authors: O’Neil Megan E.
Published: December 2019

Este Dossier sobre iconografía maya enfatiza la importancia de estudiar las imágenes mayas antiguas en relación con tres ejes analíticos: el soporte material, el contexto físico y el contexto histórico. Este ensayo añade un cuarto eje analítico: la experiencia que las personas tenían con las artes plásticas, especialmente con los medios esculpidos. Para seguir este camino, el ensayo investiga la importancia del tacto y la interacción en el arte maya antiguo. La experiencia somática de las imágenes, los objetos y los edificios tuvieron que ser una parte crucial de su significación y valoración estética. A partir de ello, el artículo se enfoca en la experiencia física que las personas –artistas o usuarios– tuvieron con los materiales y las obras. Se centra en dos estudios diferentes: los pequeños implementos de hueso del Entierro 116 de Tikal (Guatemala) y las esculturas monumentales de piedra de Piedras Negras (Guatemala). Las investigaciones tratan de reconstruir los contextos materiales e investigar cómo las imágenes e inscripciones se relacionan tanto con los soportes materiales como con los lugares donde fueron erigidos, usados o depositados. Estos estudios revelan cómo los artistas mayas fomentaron el tacto, el movimiento y otras interacciones, y cómo estas acciones podrían haber funcionado como experiencias rituales.
Condillac e a história da química: de Newton a Lavoisier
Authors: Silva Lourenço Fernandes Neto
Published: December 2019

Abordamos aqui a influência do método de Condillac sobre a história da química. Partindo da confessada dívida de Lavoisier com o abade, propomo-nos a avaliar o aporte que o método condillaquiano terá para a filosofia natural da segunda metade do XVIII, colocando-a primeiramente na perspectiva da onda newtoniana que contaminou progressivamente as ciências a partir do fim do XVII. Mostramos então como o método de Newton, via alquimia, é capaz de inserir aspectos alheios ao mecanicismo estrito nas discussões, o que garantirá à química legitimidade para se valer de conceitos como atrações e afinidades. Mais tarde, ao constituir e sistematizar um método geral de conhecimento marcado pelo modelo newtoniano, Condillac legará aos naturalistas meios para ordenar proficuamente novas regiões de conhecimento. Quando adequadamente adaptado por Lavoisier aos problemas químicos, este método promoverá a “revolução” da química, ou seu estabelecimento definitivo como ciência positiva.
Igualitarismo e liberdade como não dominação
Authors: Araujo Reis Claudio
Published: December 2019

A filosofia política de Rousseau sugere que há uma ligação íntima entre a garantia da liberdade (como não dominação, tal como pensada na tradição republicana) e uma constituição radicalmente democrática da sociedade, especialmente no que se refere ao processo de tomada de decisões coletivas. Este texto procura explorar alguns aspectos dessa ligação entre igualitarismo e liberdade como não dominação, a partir da teoria da democracia proposta por Rousseau no Contrato social.
The effect of chip size and alkaline pre-hydrolysis conditions on following
soda pulping of hornbeam wood
Authors: Latibari Ahmad Jahan , Mohebalian Abdulrahim , Tajdini Ajang , Pourmosua Shadman
Published: December 2019

The impact of chip size and hydrolysis temperature on changing chemical composition of hornbeam wood and following soda pulping is investigated. Three chip sizes, two temperatures (60 and 90 °C) and 120 minutes retention time in pre-hydrolysis step were selected. After pre-hydrolysis treatment, the sample was divided into two portions; one third was used for chemical analysis and the other two thirds for soda pulping. The reference soda pulping conditions were used on either treated or untreated chips. The influence of pre-hydrolysis was determined measuring cellulose and lignin content, residual alkali and the hemicelluloses removal. The lignin and cellulose content were marginally increased and the hemicellulose removal was higher at larger chip size. Total yield and rejects, kappa number and strength properties of the unbleached pulp were measured using corresponding Tappi standard test methods. The pulping total yield and rejects of the treated chips varied between 30.31 % and 48.14 % and 0.83 % to 7.31 %, respectively. The reject from soda pulping of untreated chips was 24.16. Prehydrolysis treatment reduced the tensile index, but the tear index was only marginally improved.
Representaciones de la narcocultura en Narcos: México
Authors: Becerra Romero América Tonantzin
Published: December 2019

El documento expone un análisis de contenido a las representaciones contenidas en la narcoserie Narcos: México, un documental dramatizado que expone el origen del narcotráfico actual. Se identificaron tres grandes representaciones: el tráfico de drogas como empresa ilegal, las pugnas por el poder y la riqueza, y la imbricación de la vida y la muerte. El riesgo de estas producciones es que las audiencias se anclen en la espectacularidad y en consecuencia, las representaciones se interpreten más desde la emoción y menos en la reflexión del fenómeno real.