bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detraining Effect on Sprint Swimming Performance and Load–Velocity Profile
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Jesús J. , López-Belmonte Óscar , Febles-Castro Adrián , Gay Ana , López-Contreras Gracia , Morales-Ortiz Esther , Arellano Raúl
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To assess the effect of 5-week training-cessation period on performance and load–velocity profile-related variables. Methods: Twenty-four competitive swimmers (15 male and 9 female: 19.2 [3.7] and 17.3 [2.3] y, 50-m front-crawl 550 [70], and 572 [51] World Aquatics points, respectively) performed a 50-m front-crawl all-out swim, a load–velocity profile, and a pull-up test before and after a 5-week off-season period. Kinematic variables, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion were monitored during the load–velocity profile tests. Results: Performance was impaired 1.3% for males (P < .01) and 3.8% for females (P < .01). Neither anthropometric changes (males r2 = .277, females r2 = .218, P > .05) nor the physical activity performed during the off-season (males r2 = .329, females r2 = .094, P > .05) attenuated performance impairments. While males counteracted the stroke-rate decline (P < .05) by increasing stroke length (P < .05) in the majority of the race, females did not, leading to a decline in clean swimming speed (P < .05). The maximum load at zero velocity decreased (P < .05) during the load–velocity profile test. In addition, males showed an increased blood lactate concentration (P < .05), whereas females decreased the maximum velocity at zero load (P < .01) and stroke rate (P < .01). No change in the slope was observed for either sex (P > .05). Conclusion: Following a 5-week off-season period, sprint swimming performance declines (males 0.34 s; females 1.15 s). The load–velocity profile and related variables evidenced deterioration, showing changes in blood lactate concentration, maximum load at zero velocity, average velocity during the third trial, and stroke rate.
Robust and optimal control of open quantum systems
Authors: Chen Zi-Jie , Huang Hongwei , Sun Lida , Jie Qing-Xuan , Zhou Jie , Hua Ziyue , Xu Yifang , Wang Weiting , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling , Sun Luyan , Zou Xu-Bo
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in quantum technologies have highlighted the importance of mitigating system imperfections, including parameter uncertainties and decoherence effects, to improve the performance of experimental platforms. However, most of the previous efforts in quantum control are devoted to the realization of arbitrary unitary operations in a closed quantum system. Here, we improve the algorithm that suppresses system imperfections and noises, providing notably enhanced scalability for robust and optimal control of open quantum systems. Through experimental validation in a superconducting quantum circuit, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms its conventional counterpart for closed quantum systems with an ultralow infidelity of about 0.60%, while the complexity of this algorithm exhibits the same scaling, with only a modest increase in the prefactor. This work represents a notable advancement in quantum optimal control techniques, paving the way for realizing quantum-enhanced technologies in practical applications.
Rapid and high-sensitivity screening of pregnancy complications by profiling circulating placental extracellular vesicles
Authors: Palma Carlos , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Guanzon Dominic , Lai Andrew , Razo Melissa , Nakahara Angela , Nair Soumyalekshmi , Salas-Burgos Alexis , Hossain Md Shahriar A. , Carrion Flavio , Duncombe Gregory , McIntyre H. David , Handberg Aase , Longo Sherri , Yamauchi Yusuke , Salomon Carlos
Published: February 2025

Herein, we developed a specific, rapid sensor to quantify placental extracellular vesicle (EV) protein biomarkers of early pregnancy complications. A distinct tetraspanin CD9 and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression pattern was observed via targeted multiple reaction monitoring of EVs from maternal plasma collected before 18 weeks of gestation. A classification model was developed using training and validation patient sets, distinguishing between individuals at high risk of developing complications from those with normal pregnancies, achieving 80% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 89% positive predictive value (PPV), and 82% negative predictive value (NPV). Superparamagnetic nanoflowers that captured target EVs (CD9
+
/PLAP
+
) were used to construct a 4-flex glass strip nanozymatic readout system. The sensor analyzes plasma for EVs, identifying gestational diabetes mellitus risk with a 95% combined sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 96% NPV. This nanoplatform identifies individuals at risk of developing pregnancy complications with a >90% classification accuracy, exhibiting potential for clinical applications.
Ca
2+
/calmodulin and protein kinase C (PKC) reverse the vesicle fusion arrest by unmasking PIP
2
Authors: Moussa Houda Yasmine Ali , Shin Kyung Chul , Park Yongsoo
Published: February 2025

Vesicle fusion is a key process in cellular communication and membrane trafficking. Soluble
N
-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins drive vesicle fusion, and SNARE proteins seem to be partially assembled before fusion occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms of the vesicle fusion arrest and how vesicle fusion is rescued from the arrest remain not fully understood. We have previously shown that as a lipid catalyst, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) electrostatically triggers vesicle fusion by lowering the hydration energy, and masking PIP2 arrests vesicle fusion in a state of the partial SNARE assembly. In this study, we show that calmodulin and protein kinase C–epsilon unmask PIP2 through the dissociation of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate from membranes and, thus, rescue basal fusion and potentiate synaptotagmin-1–mediated Ca
2+
-dependent vesicle fusion. We provide the model in which the arrest of vesicle fusion can be rescued by the unmasking of PIP2, a lipid catalyst for fusion.
Unveiling the importance of nonshortest paths in quantum networks
Authors: Hu Xinqi , Dong Gaogao , Christensen Kim , Sun Hanlin , Fan Jingfang , Tian Zihao , Gao Jianxi , Havlin Shlomo , Lambiotte Renaud , Meng Xiangyi
Published: February 2025

Quantum networks (QNs) exhibit stronger connectivity than predicted by classical percolation, yet the origin of this phenomenon remains unexplored. We apply a statistical physics model—concurrence percolation—to uncover the origin of stronger connectivity on hierarchical scale-free networks, the (
U
,
V
) flowers. These networks allow full analytical control over path connectivity through two adjustable path-length parameters, ≤
V
. This precise control enables us to determine critical exponents well beyond current simulation limits, revealing that classical and concurrence percolations, while both satisfying the hyperscaling relation, fall into distinct universality classes. This distinction arises from how they “superpose” parallel, nonshortest path contributions into overall connectivity. Concurrence percolation, unlike its classical counterpart, is sensitive to nonshortest paths and shows higher resilience to detours as these paths lengthen. This enhanced resilience is also observed in real-world hierarchical, scale-free internet networks. Our findings highlight a crucial principle for QN design: When nonshortest paths are abundant, they notably enhance QN connectivity beyond what is achievable with classical percolation.
Optimizing phage therapy for carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
bacteremia: insights into dose and timing
Authors: Fu Shi-Yong , Chen Xiu-Zhen , Yi Peng-Cheng , Gao Jie , Wang Wei-Xiao , Gu Shuang-Lin , Gao Jing-Han , Liu Du-Xian , Xu Han-Feng , Zeng Yi , Hu Chun-Mei , Zheng Qin , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Enterobacter cloacae
complex (ECC) infections, particularly those resistant to carbapenems, underscores the urgent need for alternative therapies. Phage therapy, with its specific bactericidal action, offers a promising solution. However, there remains a shortage of well-characterized ECC-targeting phages, and dosing and timing optimization for ECC-specific phage cocktails is largely unexplored. In this study, we isolated and characterized three novel lytic phages with diverse genome sizes and host ranges. Notably, ФEBU8 demonstrated broad-spectrum activity, lysing both
Enterobacter
species and
Acinetobacter baumannii
. ФECL22 displayed stability across a wide temperature range (4–50°C), pH tolerance (6–10), and a burst size of 19 PFU/cell, with OmpA identified as its receptor. Our formulated phage cocktail, comprising ФEBU8, ФECL22, and ФECL30, effectively rescued mice with
E. cloacae
bacteremia in a dose-dependent manner, with a mid-dose regimen showing particularly strong efficacy. Immediate phage administration achieved full survival, whereas a combined prophylactic and therapeutic regimen (“−24 + 6”) also resulted in 100% survival. These findings highlight the critical roles of dosing and timing in optimizing phage therapy for carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter
infections, with prophylactic use providing a valuable window for delayed treatment and a promising strategy for combating severe bacterial infections.
Dual RNA-seq reveals the complement protein C3-mediated host-pathogen interaction in the brain abscess caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jin Qiyuan , Zhai Yaxuan , Qiang Rui , Ma Xin , Zhao Chenhao , Zhong Jinqi , Li Jijie , Chen Qi , Han Mingxiao , Du Hong , Cong Qifei , Zhang Haifang
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to elucidate the complement protein C3-mediated host-pathogen interaction in the brain abscess caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
infection. Dual RNA-seq was employed to analyze the transcriptomic differences between C3 deficiency and wild-type mice of
S. aureus-
induced brain abscess model, and then we investigated the potential regulatory pathways of
S. aureus-
host interaction mediated by C3 and
S. aureus
genes associated with the pathogenesis of brain abscess. Finally, C3 deficient-mice and
hla
mutants of
S. aureus
were used to verify the specific pathogen-host interaction. In the
S. aureus-
induced brain abscess mouse model, the transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in bacterial virulence factors, such as hemolysin. Based on these data, we predicted a regulatory network formed by genes like
hrcA
and
dnaK
, which represent a possible regulation mechanism of
S. aureus
responding to the host. Furthermore, we identified that
hla
was the C3 response gene in
S. aureus
. From the host perspective, we observed that the absence of C3 significantly impacted the host’s inflammatory response, primarily by altering the gene expression of several key immune and inflammatory pathways. These findings suggest that C3 deficiency may impair the host’s ability to recognize and respond to external pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this study proposed that
S. aureus
may affect host immune response through C3, and C3 plays a critical role in regulating inflammation and immune signaling pathways in the brain abscess caused by
S. aureus
infection.

IMPORTANCE

In this work, we employed immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis to reveal a significant upregulation of microglia-derived C3 in the brain abscess mice model caused by
S. aureus
infection. By integrating the individual RNA sequencing data of
S. aureus
and the dual RNA-seq data of
S. aureus
infection brain abscess mice model, the potential regulatory pathways between
S. aureus
and host were identified, and host C3 not only affects the immune response but also mediates the regulation network of
S. aureus
. This study provided the potential novel targets for therapeutic strategies in mitigating the effects of
S. aureus
infections and improving treatment outcomes.
Cardiovascular health effects of vaping e-cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kundu Anasua , Feore Anna , Sanchez Sherald , Abu-Zarour Nada , Sutton Megan , Sachdeva Kyran , Seth Siddharth , Schwartz Robert , Chaiton Michael
Published: February 2025

Background

There is substantial interest in the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use, highlighting the need to update our knowledge on the subject. We conducted this review to analyse whether e-cigarette use increases cardiovascular health risks and how these risks vary among different populations.

Methods

We searched six databases and included peer-reviewed human, animal, cell/in vitro original studies but excluded qualitative studies, which were published between July 2021 and December 2023. Three types of e-cigarette exposure were examined: acute, short-to-medium term and long term. Different risk of bias tools were used for assessing the quality of the included human studies and we conducted meta-analysis when possible.

Results

We included 63 studies in the main analysis, 12 studies in the meta-analysis and 32 studies in the sociodemographic factor-based subgroup analysis. Over half of the human studies had low risk of bias. Acute exposure to e-cigarette was associated with increased heart rate (HR) (mean difference (MD) 11.329, p<0.01) and blood pressure (BP) (MD 12.856, p<0.01 for systolic; MD 7.676, p<0.01 for diastolic) compared with non-use. While HR was lower after acute exposure to e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes (MD −5.415, p<0.01), no significant difference in systolic or diastolic BP was observed. Non-smoker current vapers had no significant differences in resting HR and BP compared with non-users but lower resting HR (MD −2.608, p<0.01) and diastolic BP (MD −3.226, p<0.01) compared with non-vaper current smokers. Despite some association between e-cigarette and endothelial dysfunction, short-to-medium-term transition from cigarettes to e-cigarettes may improve blood flow and BP, particularly among females and younger individuals. There is lack of evidence supporting any association of e-cigarette use with cardiovascular diseases and cardiac dysfunction or remodelling.

Conclusions

This review highlighted several important cardiovascular impacts of e-cigarette use compared with non-use and cigarette smoking. However, the evidence is still limited and requires future research.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023385632.
Symmetric C66H36 multihelicenes
Authors: Dauvergne Guillaume , Bin Jassar Mohammed , Rigoulet Florian , Artigas Albert , Carissan Yannick , Hagebaum-Reignier Denis , Coquerel Yoann
Published: February 2025

The relative stability and the conformational behavior of symmetric multihelicene isomers of formula C66H36 are analyzed by computational means. Our efforts to synthesize some of these molecules are also reported, in particular the observation of unexpected debromination when attempting to synthesize 13,14-dibromo[5]phenacene, and of unexpected reactivity of 13,14-dibromo[5]aphene when attempting its cyclotrimerization promoted by a nickel(0) complex.
Guide Dogs are Expensive and Scarce. Could Robots Do Their Job?
Authors: Marks Paul
Published: February 2025

People with sight loss could soon be getting some very unfurry friends.
Exploiting Defenses against GAN-Based Feature Inference Attacks in Federated Learning
Authors: Luo Xinjian , Zhang Xianglong
Published: February 2025

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized model training framework that aims to merge isolated data islands while maintaining data privacy. However, recent studies have revealed that Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based attacks can be employed in FL to learn the distribution of private datasets and reconstruct recognizable images. In this paper, we exploit defenses against GAN-based attacks in FL and propose a framework, Anti-GAN, to prevent attackers from learning the real distribution of the victim’s data. The core idea of Anti-GAN is to manipulate the visual features of private training images to make them indistinguishable to human eyes even restored by attackers. Specifically, Anti-GAN projects the private dataset onto a GAN’s generator and combines the generated fake images with the actual images to create the training dataset, which is then used for federated model training. The experimental results demonstrate that Anti-GAN is effective in preventing attackers from learning the distribution of private images while causing minimal harm to the accuracy of the federated model.
State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Feature Interpretability Based on Partial Charge Curves
Authors: Cheng Xiaorong , Gao Xiyuan , Ma Feng , Wang Yan
Published: February 2025

Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring their safety and reliability. The "black box" nature of neural networks makes it difficult to interpret prediction results, while the prediction accuracy of neural networks relies on the reliability of feature extraction. This study proposes a method that utilizes Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) to explain the importance of features, weights the features based on their relevance scores, and estimates SOH using the weighted features. Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter is applied to denoise aging feature data, enhancing the feature correlation of the smoothed data. Additionally, an LRP-LSTM model is employed to capture time-series information related to SOH. An interpretable model not only explains features but also provides feedback to the model, improving its generalization ability. The proposed method achieves an average RMSE of 1.345% and 1.347% on two datasets, respectively.
Proficiency-based grading: A Potential Solution Learning Without Stressful Exams.
Authors: Favero Terence G.
Published: February 2025

This article describes the implementation of alternative grading (AG) strategies in an upper-division Kinesiology and Functional Human Anatomy course. Traditional point-based grading systems can negatively impact student mental health, decrease intrinsic motivation, and hinder learning. To address these issues, a proficiency-based grading approach was adopted, emphasizing clearly defined standards, growth-oriented feedback, progress-indicating marks, and penalty-free reassessment opportunities. Course assessments included weekly write-ups, movement analyses, and practical examinations, with flexible submission timelines and revision opportunities. Student feedback through micro-assessment revealed reduced stress levels, improved time management across courses, and deeper engagement with course material. While implementation challenges existed, particularly around the initial faculty workload, the approach demonstrated significant learning gains while supporting student wellbeing. Our experience suggests that alternative grading strategies can maintain academic rigor while creating a more supportive and effective learning environment in science education.
Exploring Game‐Based Inquiry Learning Application in a Maritime Science Museum: A Visitors’ Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Sohaib , Zeeshan Muhammad , Parsons David , Rehman Osama , Ahmed Zeeshan , Ahmad Adnan , Ahmad Faizan
Published: February 2025

This article brings together the concepts of emerging technologies, game‐based learning (GBL), and inquiry learning to conduct a research study undertaken in a maritime science museum. Over the last decade, the potential benefits of emerging technologies have enabled game‐based inquiry activities in formal and informal pedagogical contexts. The use of ontologies has also grown significantly in representing learning content. In the science museum literature, there are a few applications found wherein ontologies are used for generating adaptive learning content. However, no study has been found in the literature that targets GBL for museum inquiry activities through emerging technologies using an ontology‐driven approach. This paper outlines the results and analyses of research conducted on an ontology‐driven GBL inquiry application, MUSEON. For evaluation purposes, the M3 evaluation framework was used and tested with 86 random visitors to explore visitors’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of MUSEON. The results were encouraging as 71.6% of visitors were satisfied with their learning experiences in a game‐based environment. Further, the experimental group performed well (74.6% score) in comparison with the control group (56.4% score) during inquiry learning activities about the maritime science museum exhibits.
Relation‐Theoretic Contraction via a Triplet of Auxiliary Functions and an Application to Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Ali Shahbaz , Khan Qamrul Haque , Albaity Majed , Ozel Cenap
Published: February 2025

In this manuscript, we establish some results on fixed points by using a triplet of auxiliary functions endowed with a locally ‐transitive binary relation. We also present an example to illustrate the suitability of our results and discuss some applications to first and second order ordinary differential equations with periodic boundary value problems, obtaining the existence and uniqueness of a lower solution.
CXCL10 Secreted by Pericytes Mediates TNFα-Induced Vascular Leakage in Tumors and Enhances Extravasation of Nanoparticle-Based Chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Seynhaeve Ann L.B. , Liu Hui , Priester Marjolein I. , Valentijn Mike , van Holten-Neelen Conny , Brouwer Rutger W.W. , van Brakel Mandy , Dik Willem A. , van IJcken Wilfred F.J. , Debets Reno , Stubbs Andrew P. , ten Hagen Timo L. M.
Published: February 2025

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) induces vascular permeability and plays an important role in inflammation. In addition, TNFα-induced vascular leakage is involved in the increased extravasation of nanoparticle-formulated chemotherapeutic drugs, improving drug delivery and subsequent tumor response. Here, we uncovered a positive correlation between the presence of pericytes in the tumor-associated vasculature and TNFα-induced leakage and drug delivery, especially when drugs were encapsulated in nanoparticles. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified high expression of CXCL10 in TNFα-stimulated pericytes. In addition, TNFα increased CXCL10 protein production by pericytes in vitro. In animal studies, tumor types with vessels with high pericyte coverage showed enhanced permeability and extravasation of drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles following treatment with TNFα, which could be blocked with a CXCL10 neutralizing antibody. In contrast, tumors harboring vessels with low pericyte numbers did not display increased drug extravasation in response to TNFα. Lack of pericyte coverage could be compensated by co-administration of CXCL10. These findings reveal a mechanism by which TNFα induces CXCL10 release from pericytes, resulting in increased endothelial permeability, vascular leakage, and drug delivery.
Novel role of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL) as a good prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and evidences for a link with Smad7
Authors: Pozo-Agundo Esperanza , Álvarez-González Miguel , Lequerica-Fernández Paloma , Herrera i Nogués Sergi , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Rodríguez Santamarta Tania , Torres-Rivas Héctor E. , Álvarez-Teijeiro Saúl , García-Pedrero Juana María , Álvarez-Fernández Mónica , de Vicente Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Upregulated microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL), a cell cycle kinase required for a progression through mitosis, expression has been associated to poor prognosis. This study is aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of MASTL expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and a possible mechanistic link with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of MASTL, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Smad7 was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 148 OSCC patients.
Results: Nuclear MASTL expression was detected in 115 (77.7%) OSCC specimens. High MASTL expression was significantly associated with the male gender, smoking habit, T stage, early clinical stage, and absence of vascular invasion. MASTL expression was inversely correlated with Smad7, whereas no association was observed with E-cadherin and Vimentin. Patients harboring tumors with low MASTL expression exhibited a poorer overall survival. Smad7 expression was significantly related to reduced disease-specific and overall survival. High levels of MASTL expression were associated with better prognosis in T3 patients, N0 cases, and patients treated by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Conclusion: The present study uncovers MASTL as a good prognostic factor in OSCC, and a potential link with EMT via Smad7.
Prognostic significance of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and FGFR3 mRNA expression in bladder cancer
Authors: Blanca Ana , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Gomez-Gomez Enrique , Campos- Hernández Pablo , Cimadamore Alessia , Montironi Rodolfo , Cheng Liang
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-ligand 2 (PD-L2), and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) expression in bladder cancer (BC).
Material and Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on BC patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) between 2005 and 2014. Of the initial 136 patients, 31 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 105 cases for the final analysis. The mRNA levels of PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 and FGFR3 were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and NanoString technology.
Results
High expression of PD-1 and its ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2) showed a strong correlation with each other and was associated with poor clinical outcomes, including higher tumor stage, grade, and cancer-specific mortality (p<0.001). Conversely, high FGFR3 expression was associated with improved survival and more favorable clinicopathological features. Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed between FGFR3 and PD-1 (p=0.032) and PD-L1 (p=0.016) expression. High mRNA expression profiles of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and low FGFR3 expression were associated with worse cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced stage, low FGFR3 expression, and high PD-L2 expression are independent predictors of poor prognosis in BC patients.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that elevated levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2, combined with reduced FGFR3 expression, may assist in identifying patients with poor outcomes and highlight their potential as prognostic biomarkers in bladder cancer.
Xiaoqinglong decoction attenuates inflammatory response and mitochondrial injury by regulating the MyD88/NF-κB pathway dependent of TLR4 in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yang Qi , Sun Yao , An Jingjuan , Wang Lirong , Zhang Caiming , Fei Youpeng , Wu Kunmin , Zhai Xiaofu , Wu Yongjun
Published: February 2025

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a systemic immune inflammatory response disease of the nasal mucosa. Current treatment strategies for AR are limited owing to a lack of safety and the inability to cure the condition completely. Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD), a classical chinese medicine prescription, is widely used to treat AR with a good curative effect. Although the clinical effect of XQLD has been demonstrated, the molecular mechanisms of therapeutical effect was unclear. Hence, the study aimed to investigate effects of XQLD on inflammation and the underlying mechanism for AR management.
Methods: Ovalbumin sensitization was used to induce AR in rats, and the nasal symptoms were evaluated. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to detect epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa. Inflammatory factors were estimated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of XQLD. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity and MyD88/NF-κB pathway were determined via immunofluorescence and western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology and damage-related factors were assessed to determine the protective effect of XQLD.
Results: The results showed that XQLD supplementation inhibited AR-induced release of inflammatory factors, relieved nasal symptoms, and improved mitochondrial functions. Moreover, it suppressed TLR4 and MyD88 expression as well as acetylation of NF-κB p65 acetylation following AR.
Conclusions: Inflammatory response and mitochondrial injury and the related MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway play crucial roles in AR. XQLD supplementation inhibits AR-induced inflammation and mitochondrial injury by regulating TLR4 expression and TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation, thereby facilitating the therapeutic effect.
Hemorrhagic shock caused by an aggressive fibromatosis in the gastro-pancreatic region: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Xiufang , Xu Ziwei
Published: February 2025

Introduction ：Aggressive fibromatosis (AF), also known as desmoid tumor, is a rare condition characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal fibroblasts, primarily originating from connective tissue. Despite being histologically benign, AF exhibits malignant-like behavior, including local invasion and a high recurrence rate. AF can be classified based on its location into extra-abdominal, abdominal wall, and intra-abdominal types. Intra-abdominal AF (IAF), though least common, has the worst prognosis and highest mortality rate. Traditionally, complete surgical resection (R0) was the preferred treatment, but recent strategies favor conservative management, especially for asymptomatic patients. Emergency surgery is reserved for complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction. Case Presentation ：This report details a rare case of IAF in the retroperitoneum of a 39-year-old woman presenting with hemorrhagic shock. Emergency surgery, including partial distal pancreatectomy and partial gastrectomy, was performed. The tumor was β-catenin positive, confirming the diagnosis of IAF. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and showed no recurrence after two years without additional therapy. Conclusion ：In summary, IAF presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Effective management relies on a multidisciplinary approach, combining various diagnostic tools to improve early detection and patient outcomes. Continued research is essential to understand the pathogenesis of AF and to develop less invasive treatment options.
Locus Coeruleus sexual dimorphism and its impact on cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Galgani Alessandro , Lombardo Francesco , Frijia Francesca , Scotto Marco , Tognoni Gloria , Pavese Nicola , Giorgi Filippo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Experimental data suggest sexual dimorphism in the Locus Coeruleus (LC), with females exhibiting higher neuronal count and noradrenergic activity. In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), progressive LC dysfunction may contribute early to pathogenesis, and female sex is a key risk factor for AD. This study aimed to investigate if such sex differences exist in humans and whether they influence the relationship between LC degeneration and AD features, such as cortical atrophy and cognitive decline.
Methods: Fifty-three healthy controls (HC), 70 Mild Cognitive Impaired (MCI) subjects, and 29 Alzheimer’s Disease Demented (ADD) patients underwent high-field brain MRI with LC-sensitive sequences following detailed neuropsychological and neurological assessments. LC integrity was measured using the LC Contrast Ratio (LCCR) parameter based on a previously published template approach.
Results: Within the HC and MCI groups, females showed higher LCCR values than males. A significant sex effect was observed in the relationship between LC integrity and cortical volume in the frontotemporal cortices, with males showing a stronger association.
Conclusion: LC structure and function may differ between sexes, influencing AD pathophysiology through distinct mechanisms. While this sexual dimorphism may have a minor role, it should be considered in clinical investigations and drug development research.
Pyoderma gangrenosum of the breast: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Marcoval Joaquim , Muntaner-Virgili Clara , Boronat-Cucarull Júlia , Gangonells-Dols Marta , Lagos-Tapia Alvaro
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, non-infectious neutrophilic dermatosis usually located in the legs. PG of the breast is infrequent and may be a diagnostic challenge. Our objective was to review our patients with breast PG in order to analyse their clinical features.
Methods. Patients diagnosed with PG involving the breast in Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) between 2000 and 2023, were included in the study. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed to obtain clinical data.
Results. Ten patients were diagnosed with breast PG (10 women aged between 30 and 63 years, median 49.5). Evolution time at diagnosis ranged between 4 days and 7 months. In all cases, PG lesions were painful. All patients presented ulcerated lesions. In 2 cases, nodular abscess-like lesions and cribriform scars were also observed. The nipple was involved in 4 cases. Two patients had underlying diseases recognized as frequently associated with PG (ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis). Seven patients had a previous breast surgery that was considered related to PG (removal of breast carcinoma with breast reconstruction in 6 cases, and breast reduction in one). The diagnosis of post-surgical breast PG was delayed in 6 patients by between 3 and 7 months. One patent developed radiation therapy induced pathergy after healing of post-surgical PG.
Conclusion. The most common triggering factor for breast PG in our study was reconstruction following surgery for breast carcinoma. Medical professionals who treat breast diseases should be aware of this disease in order to lessen diagnostic delay.
The Cosmic Stain in Jean-Luc Nancy’s Thought of the World
Authors: Sá Cavalcante-Schuback Marcia
Published: February 2025

The article aims to highlight the cosmic dimension of Jean-Luc Nancy’s thoughts on the sense of the world. It argues that his thought of the world is deeply touched by “cosmic stains.” The cosmic dimension is to be understood as “stain” rather than as dimension insofar it is about the moment in which the sentiment that existence is really existing incides upon existence. It is about being touched by the there-is of the there-is itself. The cosmic stain of Nancy’s thoughts of the sense of the world has to do with existence being “exscripted” from ontology when, in the state of the acosmism of the world today, the only thing to hold on to is the existence of existence, which opens a transitive sense of existence and being.
Italian Studies: Language and Linguistics
Authors: Merida Raphael
Published: February 2025

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2023 in the area of Italian Studies.
Breton and Cornish Studies: Language, Linguistics, and Literature
Authors: Davies-Deacon Merryn
Published: February 2025

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2023 in the area of Breton and Cornish Studies.
Nordic Studies: Languages and Linguistics
Authors: Oberlin Adam
Published: February 2025

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2023 in the area of Nordic Studies.
Occitan Studies: Literature, Modern Period
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: February 2025

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2023 in the area of Occitan Studies.
New Rock Art Discoveries in Aṣ Ṣafiyya (Wadi Nafūn, Duqm), Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Fossati Angelo E. , Garba Roman
Published: February 2025

The Nafūn rock art complex, located in al-Wusṭā Governorate in south-central Oman, was discovered in 2020 and has emerged as one of the most extensive rock art sites in southeast Arabia. The site features 59 flat limestone rock surfaces with over 200 South Arabian inscriptions and over 500 engraved figures. These figures include maritime animal depictions such as sea turtles, sperm whales, squid, jellyfish, ray fish, and mola mola, along with more common depictions of camels (sometimes ridden) and horsemen hunting oryx or wild canids. The rock art tradition in the Nafūn area is estimated to reach from the 5th millennium BCE to the 2nd millennium CE, offering a unique window into a way of life that endured for over 6,000 years.
A new species of Lopholeucaspis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from China, with a key to the species worldwide
Authors: SHEN XUEJIE , XUE JINYING , ZHAO QING , NIU MINMIN , WEI JIUFENG
Published: February 2025

A new species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), Lopholeucaspis taiguensis Shen & Wei sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China, based on the morphology of adult females, second-instar females and adult males. A key to the adult females of all the species of Lopholeucaspis is provided.
Language Barriers in Appendicitis: What is the Cost?
Authors: Levy Brittany E. , Castle Jennifer T. , Devara Lekha P. , Manauis Elena C. , McDonald Hannah G. , Stephens Wesley A. , Davenport Daniel L. , Rellinger Eric J. , Worhunsky David J.
Published: February 2025

Background

In clinical scenarios, pediatricians prefer patient history over imaging to diagnose pediatric appendicitis because they wish to limit their patients’ exposure to radiation. Language barriers between providers and patients with limited English proficiency may increase adverse outcomes, require more imaging studies, and lead to higher costs in cases of pediatric appendicitis.

Methods

We queried the pediatric-National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database for patients under age 16 who received appendectomies from 2011-2021 at a single institution. Patients were propensity matched based on age, gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and insurance status. Medical records and hospital billing were merged to obtain primary language, initial hospitalization cost, diagnostic work up modalities, and operative findings. Patients identifying English as their primary language were termed English proficient (EP). Those selecting an alternate primary language made up the limited English proficiency (LEP) cohort. Health care utilization outcomes including cost, length of stay (LOS), and imaging usage were compared across cohorts.

Results

400 patients were matched for analysis: 92 were EP and 109 LEP. When compared with the EP cohort, patients with LEP had higher rates of diagnostic imaging, longer median LOS, and higher median hospital costs. Imaging costs were also higher in patients with LEP. We also observed higher rates of negative appendectomy in the EP patients, compared to the LEP cohort.

Discussion

In patients with LEP, language diversity creates communication barriers resulting in higher health care utilization. Significant variations in the cost of care, efficiency of care, and clinical outcomes related to language diversity should be reduced to ensure equitable health care delivery to all pediatric surgical patients.
Logos Reading: The Theological Exegesis of Joseph Ratzinger, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus of Lyons
Authors: Pellegrin Tyler
Published: February 2025

Right theological exegesis requires a “Logos theology”—a framework of interpretation that sees the incarnate Logos as the unifying principle of reality and of Scripture. A metaphysically realist approach to the world, which understands that there is unified teleological order and a ratio undergirding it, is a notion traditionally associated with Greek thought. For this reason, to say that there is a logos that unifies reality, as John’s Gospel says, is to say that Christian revelation gives shelter to traditionally Greek metaphysics. The thesis is therefore that a Logos theology is necessary to fully understand reality as a whole, including a right understanding of Scripture. This way of reading Scripture is already in the New Testament itself, reaffirmed in the early Christian writings of Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, and remains today thanks to efforts of Joseph Ratzinger.
Glomangiopericytoma of Sinonasal Cavity: Case Report of a Rare Entity
Authors: Alkholaiwi Feras , Choi Ji Yun
Published: February 2025

Glomangiopericytoma is an uncommon tumor of the sinonasal region, originating from the pericytes that envelop capillaries, and it accounts for fewer than half a percent (0.5%) of all sinonasal tumors. This report presents the case of a 65-year-old man who experienced worsening nasal obstruction and was subsequently diagnosed with glomangiopericytoma based on histological, immunohistochemical, and radiographic findings. The patient underwent a complete excision of the tumor via an endoscopic endonasal approach. Upon follow-up after the surgical resection, the patient exhibited no signs of recurrence.
The negative consequences of avoiding health information on health risk behaviors: An SOR perspective
Authors: Shen Zijun , Wei Siao-Yun , Adeeb Hina , Naeem Salman Bin
Published: February 2025

The study aims at measuring and validating the stimulus organism response (SOR) theory among health consumers, as well as identifying the factors that predict health information avoidance behavior and its relationship to risk behaviors. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect the data from health consumers, who have either recently used health services or are likely to do so in the future. An eight-factor (information overload, risk perception, social stigma, health information anxiety, sadness, cognitive dissonance, health information avoidance, and health risk behavior) measurement model was used to measure the health information avoidance behavior. The model was tested using the structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings show that health information avoidance behavior is associated with engaging in risky health behaviors. Information overload and risk perception are both found to increase health information anxiety significantly, which, in turn, drives health consumers to avoid seeking and processing health information. Our study suggests that health literacy sessions can play an important role in helping consumers navigate information overload, manage health anxiety, and effectively seek out reliable health information. This study extends the SOR theory by demonstrating its applicability to public health information avoidance and its consequences for health. By identifying the factors contributing to avoidance, this research can inform the development of more effective health communication strategies.
More light with track—or less?
Authors: Brandston Howard , Blitzer William F.
Published: February 2025

Versatile, flexible and economical, track lighting systems are a descriptive delight. But are they a viable answer for interior living spaces? In this debate, Howard Brandston says “no,” while Bill Blitzer says “yes, as often as not”
Staging with light patterns and scenic projections
Authors: Tawil Joseph N.
Published: February 2025

Patterns projected in the ellipsoidal spotlight are a bonus for the lighting designer—special effects without special equipment. The custom pattern enables him or her to stretch capability and give each job a distinctive look of its own
Automation in the planetarium, part 1
Authors: Wieser Sig
Published: February 2025

Where lighting systems are still a re-invention of the wheel
Architectural lighting control: The land of Oz?
Authors: Olsen Ron
Published: February 2025

Lighting required for our day-to-day work and existence is a far cry from lighting the land of Oz for the musical, “The Wiz.” But, apparently, not all of us are making the distinction
Single-source surgical luminaire employs folded optical concept
Authors: Fisher Kenneth J.
Published: February 2025

This folded optical design removes heatproducing infrared radiation, reduces glare, and enhances the comfort of the surgical team
Visibility, human performance, and lighting design—introduction and overview
Authors: DiLaura David L.
Published: February 2025

In this first of a continuing series, we learn that the visibility-performance relationship offers “different strokes for different folks”
Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights—a manufacturer's view
Authors: Pincu Thomas L.
Published: February 2025

These ellipsoids are designed to frame areas, project patterns, and create special effects. They are designed for throws of 14 to 140 ft
Energy Efficiency and Performance of Solid-State Ballasts
Authors: Verderber R. , Selkowitz S. , Berman S.
Published: February 2025

The performance of solid-state ballasts for operating fluorescent lamps measured in a controlled laboratory environment is described and compared with the performance of typical core-coil type ballasts. Parameters of interest include efficiency, conducted and radiated EMI and results of some accelerated lamp life tests. The experimental design of the demonstration to retrofit three floors of an office building with solid-state ballasts to evaluate their reliability and energy savings in a variety of applications is described.
Considerations for Use of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia Among Assisted Living Residents: Factor Analysis Results
Authors: McPherson Rachel , Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Gruber-Baldini Ann L. , Holmes Sarah , Kusmaul Nancy
Published: February 2025

The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) is widely used to assess depressive symptoms, but its factor structure has not been well explored in assisted living (AL) residents. An appropriate measure of depressive symptoms for this population is crucial to ensure accurate detection of depression. This study tested the CSDD’s factor structure in 511 AL residents from 85 facilities using baseline data from a randomized trial. Confirmatory factor analyses and chi-square difference tests were conducted. Three items were removed due to low factor loadings. The five-factor model fit significantly better (χ2 = 796.08, ∆χ2 = 22.86, ∆ df = 4, p < .001) than the four-factor model, although both showed poor fit. These results offer partial support for the modified five-factor CSDD in assessing depression among AL residents. Future research should explore more appropriate depression measures for this population, potentially incorporating items that more accurately capture depressive symptoms in AL residents.

Parent study trial registry name

Dissemination and Implementation of Function Focused Care for Assisted Living (NCT03459118).
Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of a Motivational Health Coaching Intervention to Improve Self-Care for Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Fisher Lauren , Massimo Lauren , Riegel Barbara , Walser Tracie J. , Hirschman Karen B.
Published: February 2025

Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is one of the leading causes of early-onset dementia, causing a progressive deterioration in patient cognition and function. These changes often lead to increased caregiver burden and health self-care neglect due to increased focus on the needs of the person living with FTD. This study aimed to evaluate implementation of an evidence-based virtual health coaching intervention designed to improve self-care of FTD caregivers. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Intervention Fidelity, adherence to the intervention (exposure and content) was measured with a total score ranging from 6 (low adherence) to 18 (high adherence). Overall, about half the sessions were deemed high adherence, with a gradual decrease in total adherence over time, primarily due to decreases in exposure adherence. Our results reflect the anticipated variation in sessions to maintain person-centered care. Overall, a virtual health coaching intervention for FTD caregivers can be delivered with relatively high adherence.