bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan, Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Struktur Modal
Authors: Fatika Chorina Elsa , Suhendro Suhendro , Wijayanti Anita
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the factors that influence the capital structure. The independent variables in this study are profitability, liquidity, asset structure, and company size. The population in this study are food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. The sample selection technique used in this study was purposive sampling and 10 company samples were obtained. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study simultaneously show that profitability, liquidity, asset structure, and company size significantly influence the capital structure. The results of the research partially show that profitability, liquidity and firm size affect the capital structure, asset structure does not affect the capital structure.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Sales Growth terhadap Tax Avoidance di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) 2014-2018
Authors: Astuti Desy Fitri , Dewi Riana Rahmawati , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul
Published: April 2020

Tax Avoidance is an effort to minimize the tax burden that is still in the realm of tax law. The purpose of the study was to analyze corporate governance and sales growth on tax avoidance. The research population is 70 basic and chemical industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique, 7 companies were selected. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study are Institutional Ownership, Majerial Ownership, the number of boards of Commissioners and Sales growth simultaneously influence Tax Avoidance. Partially Institutional Ownership and the number of the Board of Commissioners influences Tax Avoidance. While Sales growth has no effect on Tax Avoidance. the benefits of this research are being able to broaden insight and at the same time gain knowledge about the effect of corporate governance and sales growth on tax avoidance.
Pengaruh Tax Avoidance, Kepemilikan Institusi dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Harga Saham
Authors: Mulatsari Niken Tri , Wijayanti Anita , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu
Published: April 2020

The stock price will affect someone to invest in a company. This study aims to determine whether the influence of tax avoidance, institutional ownership and financial performance on stock prices. This financial performance measurement uses the proxy of Net Profit margin (NPM) and Earning Per Share (EPS) of real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. The population used in this study is real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2018. The samples used were 33 real estate companies. This type of research data is secondary data obtained from the financial statements of real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2018. To process and analyze data, the writer uses Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Test, and Classical Assumption Test. Based on this research, the results show that Tax Avoidance and Net Profit Margin affect the stock price, while Institutional Ownership and Earning Per Share do not affect the stock price.
Pengaruh Struktur Kewenangan, Karakteristik Sistem Informasi Keuangan Daerah dan Perilaku Manajer Terhadap Kesadaran Akan Biaya (Studi Empiris Pada Pemerintah Kota Solok)
Authors: Candra Mutiara
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to identify and to get empirical evidence of the effect of the structure of authority that is broken down into formal and informal authority structures, the characteristics of regional financial information systems and managers' behavior on cost consciousness. This study was 37 SKPD registered in Solok city with a total sample of 74 people consisting of leaders and treasurer office / agency / office at SKPD in Solok city. Dependent variable in this research is the cost consciousness and independent variable that is authority structure (structure of formal authority and structure of informal authority), Characteristics of regional financial information systems and manager behavior. The hypothesis is tested by using multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 14. This study shows the test results that manager behavior does not affect the cost consciousness, while formal, informal authority structures and Regional financial information systems have a significant effect on the cost consciousness.
Pengaruh Belanja Hibah, Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Bantuan Keuangan, dan Belanja Fasilitas Umum Terhadap Keterpilihan Petahana dalam Pemilukada 2017
Authors: Auliyah Ummu , Suhairi Suhairi , Yeni Nini Syofri
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of grant expenditure, social assistance expenditure, financial aid expenditure and public facility expenditure on incumbent election in the General Election of Regional Head conducted in 2017. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive research. The objects examined are grant expenditure, social assistance expenditure, financial aid expenditure, and public facility expenditure in the 2015-2016 regional budget. The year 2015 represented shopping data prior to the General Election of Regional Head, while 2016 represented spending data at the time of the General Election of Regional Head. This study uses a logistic regression statistical test. The data analysis tool used for hypothesis testing is the Wald test. The results of this study state that there is no relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, but almost all regions have an increase in grant expenditure, financial aid expenditure, and public facilities ahead of the implementation of the General Election, while the average social assistance expenditure has decreased.
Penilaian Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Negeri Silpil di Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah Kabupaten Bungo
Authors: Buhari Ismail
Published: April 2020

Human resources (HR) is a very important factor that cannot even be separated from an organization, moreover a country or government organization. The success or failure of an organization is very dependent on the ability of human resources in moving management within the organization through the form of effectiveness and efficiency. Human resources are an important asset for the organization because it is closely related to the running or not of other resources. The Bungo Regional Human Resources and Human Resources Agency (BKPSDMD) has an important role in supporting the performance of the government to improve the quality of Civil Servants in the Bungo Regency government environment in order to be able to provide the best service to the community in a professional, honest, fair and equitable manner in carrying out state duties, governance and development. The point is that Civil Servants as one of the main driving factors for the implementation of development both at central and regional levels.To see the performance of apparatus resources in accordance with what is needed or not, an assessment of work performance or performance that is objective is needed. This assessment process must be able to reflect the performance of civil servants in real terms without bias and disagreement. Moving from these thoughts, the authors are interested in conducting research under the title "Performance Appraisal of Civil Servants in the Agency for Civil Service and Human Resources Development in the Bungo District" Civil aims to make research writing and its application become easy and structured. Therefore, the authors limit research on the Performance Appraisal of Civil Servants in the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency of the Bungo District. Based on the results of research on the Performance Appraisal of Civil Servants in the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency of the Bungo District, the authors assess the Performance appraisal of the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency of the Bungo District has been running quite effectively. There are Inhibiting Factors in the Performance Evaluation of Civil Servants in the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency of the Bungo District, both internal and external, so that in the future can make efforts in the assessment of work performance. Suggestions from the author to the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency of the Bungo District to streamline the Performance Assessment of Civil Servants and overcome the existing obstacles.
Analisis Dampak Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Pegawai (Study Kasus Di Bpsdm Provinsi Jambi)
Authors: Suwarto Suwarto
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) an overview of work discipline, and employee motivation at the Jambi Province Human Resources Development Agency. (2) To determine the effect of work discipline on employee motivation at the Jambi Province Human Resources Development Agency. This research is descriptive and verification. The population in this study are employees of the Jambi Province Human Resources Development Agency. The research sampling technique used Stratified Sampling technique. The total sample in this study was 50 respondents. Data were analyzed using 2 (two) ways, namely using descriptive analysis using a Likert scale. Descriptive research results indicate, the average level of respondents' answers to the variable work discipline (X) of 3,188. The average level of respondents' answers to the motivation variable (Y) was 3.113.
Good Corporate Governance Menghasilkan Laporan Keuangan Berkualitas dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Suryani Arna , Rossa Elia
Published: April 2020

This research aims at finding out and analyzing how good corporate governance produces financial statement which has a certain quality that affects the company's financial performance. The population of this research is a sub-sector of the property listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period of 2014-2018, with the selection of samples based on the selected purposive sampling of 16 companies. The data was analyzed by using multiple linear regression by conducting classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. The results of the research show that good corporate governance measured with the commissioner, foreign ownership and audit committees are simultaneously and significantly affect the financial performance measured by return on asset. Partially the Board of Commissioners have a significant effect on financial performance with a substantial of 1.299. Foreign ownership and audit committees have no significant effect on the financial performance in which the value of sig is > 0.05. The value of coefficient of determination of R2 amounted to 72.9% showed that Return On Asset variation can be explained by the variation of Board of Commissioners, foreign ownership and audit committee and the remain is 27.1% which is explained by other factors that do not exist in this research. The results of this research proved that the most dominant variable which has significant effect to the financial performance is the Board of Commissioners. This should be a consideration for the company in the election or designation of the Board of Commissioners to improve implementation of good corporate governance principles in order to improve the company's financial performance.
Pengaruh Gcg, Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Marlinda Dian Eva , Titisari Kartika Hendra , Masitoh Endang
Published: April 2020

Tax Avoidance is a taxpayer's attempt to exploit the legal gap for the tax to be minimized. The study aims to empirically know the influence of good corporate governance (independent Board of Commissioners, institutional ownership, Audit Committee), profitability, capital intensity, and size of the company To the tax avoidance of the banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a 3-year observation period in 2016-2018. The theory used in this study was agency theory. The population in this research is the entire banking sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016-2018 with the determination of research samples using the purposive sampling method, resulting in a sample of 21 companies Banking sector. The data analysis techniques used in this study were multiple linear regression. The results of this research show that an independent board of Commissioners, profitability, and capital intensity do not affect tax avoidance. Meanwhile, institutional ownership, audit committee, and size affect tax avoidance.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Struktur Modal pada Perusahaan Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2018
Authors: Aryanti Nurul , Dewi Riana Rachmawati , Siddi Purnama
Published: April 2020

This study examines and analyzes the factors that influence capital structure.  Independent variables in this study are company size, liquidity, profitability and asset structure.  The population in this study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2018 period.  The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling and 12 company samples are obtained within a period of 4 years so that 48 company samples are obtained.  The data analysis method used in this study is panel data regression.  Hypothesis testing is done using the t test and the F test. The panel data regression test results show that simultaneously company size, liquidity, profitability and asset structure have an influence on capital structure.  While partially the variables that significantly influence the capital structure are company size.  While the liquidity, profitability and asset structure variables do not significantly affect the capital structure.
Peran Minat Memediasi Pengaruh Quality Service Transaksi Digital terhadap Costumer Satisfaction Pengguna Layanan OVO
Authors: Machpudin Asep , Nifita Ade Titi , Rosyid Garry Yuesa , Siregar Ade Perdana
Published: April 2020

The development of digital technology is increasing every year, various types of digital technology that exist today is a development of technology that has been there before. The presence of the digital age has helped to encourage human interest to transform digitally. The objectives in this study are: (1) Identifying the effect of digital transaction service quality on customer satisfaction of OVO users, (2) Identifying the effect of service quality of digital transactions on interests, (3) Identifying the effect of interest on customer satisfaction of OVO service users. (4) Identifying the role of interest is able to mediate the effect of digital transaction quality service on customer satisfaction of OVO service users. The population of this research is the people of Jambi City while the sample is the people of Jambi City who more than once used OVO services as many as 150 people. The data method uses path analysis. The results of the study note that quality service has a significant influence on OVO service user interest, quality service and interest have a significant influence on customer satisfaction on OVO service users and quality service has a significant influence on customer satisfaction of OVO service users through interest in Jambi City
How Motivation Works to Promote the Relationship Between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment to the Performance of Dharmasraya District Secretariat
Authors: Harahap Doli Putra , Ronaldi Juli , Darman Darman , Eliza Yulina
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work environment on employee work motivation, determine the effect of organizational commitment on employee work motivation, know the effect of work environment on employee performance, find out the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance, find out the effect of work motivation on employee performance, know the role work motivation in mediating the relationship between work environment and employee performance and knowing the role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and employee performance. The object of research is employees in the Regional Secretariat of Dharmasraya Regency with a population of 85 people. The sampling technique is done by non-probability sampling with saturation sampling technique where all members of the population are used so that the number of research samples is 85 people. The type of data used is primary data, the data collection method uses questionnaires with a Likert scale. Test the research instrument to test the validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques consist of test data description, assumption test, path analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of the study found that there was a positive and significant influence of the work environment on work motivation, there was a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment to work motivation, there was a positive and significant effect on the work environment on employee performance, there was a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment to employee performance, there was an influence positive and significant work motivation on employee performance, there is no role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between work environment and employee performance with the value of an indirect influence smaller than its direct influence, there is no role of work motivation in mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and employee performance with the value of the indirect effect is smaller than the direct effect. The results of the study suggest that to improve employee performance, it is expected that an increase in work motivation, a conducive work environment and an increase in organizational commitment.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Solvabilitas Terhadap Rentabilitas Ekonomis pada Koperasi Sawit Usaha Manunggal Desa Seresam Kecamatan Seberida Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Irawati Irawati , Ningsih Fitria
Published: April 2020

This research was conducted at Manunggal Palm Oil Cooperative in Seresam Village, Seberida District, Indragiri Hulu Regency. Researchers. The research was started from 2013 to 2018. The analysis applied the quantitative method with Multiple Linear Regression, Correlation Coefficient and determination and then testing the hypothesis using SPSS Version 21. The result of this research is that liquidity has no effect on economic profitability. While solvency affects economic rentability.While simultaneous liquidity and solvency affect economic profitability.
Pengaruh Cash Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Return On Assets Terhadap Return Saham dengan Nilai Tukar sebagai Variabel Moderating Pada Perusahaan Perkebunan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Surono Yunan , Hadinata Andrian
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is to analyze the Influence of Cash Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio and Return On Assets to Stock Return With Exchange Rate as Moderating Variables In Plantation Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses descriptive analysis and statistical analysis methods. data that uses secondary data. This study focuses on the influence of 3 independent variables on the dependent variable by adding moderation variables to determine whether the moderating variable can affect the relationship between the independent variables on the dependent variable. Hypothesis testing in this study uses the F test and t test, with a brief significance level (a) 5%. This data analysis uses SPSS 20 data processing software for Windows. The population of this study is companies engaged in the plantation sector in the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 - 2018, with a purposive sampling technique, obtained 6 companies that have fullfill criteria in this research. The results of this study partially Cash Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return On Assets have a significant effect on stock returns, partially Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Assets have a significant positive effect on stock returns, while Cash Ratio has no significant effect on stock returns. and the value is not able to affect the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.
Pengaruh Kinerja Aparatur Desa Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat di Desa Rantau Mapesai Kecamatan Rengat
Authors: Iskandar Yenny , Suharmiyati Suharmiyati , Maralis Reni
Published: April 2020

This research was conducted in Rantau Mapesai village. This research aims to determine the performance influence of village apparatus on the quality of service to the people in Rantau Village Mapesai Sub District Rengat District Indragiri upstream. The population is the total number of people in the region of Rantau Mapesai 993 in 2018 and for the number of samples taken are as many as 91 people. With data analysis used simple linear regression, F test, instrument test, and normality test. The results of the study can be seen that the performance of the village apparatus is very influential in the quality of service to the people in the village of Rantau, it is also supported by the village head assisted staff who are working to guide and control village governance. The presence of village apparatus in society is intended to foster passion, initiative and new ideas in order to improve the lives of its village society.
Meningkatkan Kreativitas Kinerja Karyawan Hotel: Dukungan Kepribadian, Emosional, dan Lingkungan
Authors: Aryaningtyas Aurilia Triani , Maria Th Aletta Dewi , Aprilliyani Renny
Published: April 2020

This study examines the effect of proactive personality, emotional intelligence, and work environment on employee performance creativity using data 200 employees of star hotels in Semarang. The results showed that proactive personality, emotional intelligence, and work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance creativity. The theoretical implications of the research results support existing theories and research, while managerial implications suggest that organizations / hotels consider proactive personality, emotional intelligence, and work environment as important factors that encourage employees to work creatively in order to improve their performance.
Pengaruh Pendapatan dan Konsumsi Rumah Tangga terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga Petani Penggarap Sawit di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Alhudhori M , Amali Muhammad
Published: April 2020

The consumption activities of each family have different spending types. The difference in consumption patterns in each family is used as a burden or dependents in fulfilling the needs of all family members, so that it is used as a measure of the family welfare evenly and intact. Rural populations have higher levels of consumption compared to urban populations. Welfare in the essence of fulfillment of all needs by doing consumption activities, which are filled with income that has to achieve satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of income and household consumption to the welfare of smallholder farmer family in Kumpeh sub-district of Muaro Jambi. The results of this study revealed that the income and household consumption jointly influence positive and significant to the welfare of the farmer family of oil palm farmers in Kumpeh sub-district Muaro Jambi
Kajian Kuat Tekan Beton yang Menggunakan Agregat Alam Kabupaten Sarolangun
Authors: Azwarman Azwarman , Nuklirullah M , Arrihan M Anugrah
Published: April 2020

Sirtu adalah singkatan dari pasir batu yang tersebar di daerah aliran sungai. Sirtu sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Sarolangun sebagai bahan agregat pembuatan beton kemudian akan di uji kuat tekan betonnya. Untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat tekan beton tersebut agregat sirtu yang digunakan akan di uji kuat tekan betonnya di laboratorium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kuat tekan beton mana yang lebih baik antara sirtu dengan gradasi menerus atau sirtu tanpa gradasi (langsung dari alam).
Penilaian Kondisi Jalan dengan Metode Pci (Pavement Condition Index)
Authors: Yamali Fakhrul Rozi , Handayani Elvira , Sirait Eben Ezer
Published: April 2020

Perkerasan jalan merupakan komponen pokok di bidang transportasi, Kondisi perkerasan mempengaruhi kenyamanan, keamanan dan keselamatan pengguna jalan. Dalam metode PCI, tingkat keparahan kerusakan perkerasan merupakan fungsi dari 3 faktor utama, yaitu: tipe kerusakan, tingkat keparahan kerusakan, jumlah atau kerapatan kerusakan. PCI ini merupakan indeks numerik yang nilainya berkisar diantara 0 sampai 100. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan Jenis dan nilai rata-rata kerusakan pada ruas Jl.Jambi-lintas Muara Bulian Kelurahan Muara Pijoan sampai Jl.Jambi-lintas Muara Bulian KM 27 desa Lopak Aur dengan panjang 4 KM dan lebar 6 M antara lain : Retak Buaya (1.473%), Retak Kotak-Kotak (0.078%), Retak Pinggir Jalan (0.083%), Pinggir Jalan Turun Vertiakal (0.038%), Retak Memanjang/Melintang (0.065%), Tambalan (3.018%), Lubang (0.200%), Alur (0.049%), Sungkur (0.076%), Pelepasan Butir (2.878%), Amblas (0.037%) dengan nilai PCI rata-rata yaitu 48.90%.
Bootstrap Estimation of Expected Risk and Return of Strategy Equity Indices
Authors: Novotná Veronika , Škapa Stanislav
Published: April 2020

The aim of this article is to present the results of research associated with the ex-post estimation of expected risk, return and other characteristics of strategy equity indices and capital-weighted equity indices partially and to determine credible methods for a transparent comparison. The data sources are the MSCI and STOXX equity index providers. Suitable statistical methods and a computation-intensive method for estimating selected characteristics have been used and compared to one another.For the measurement of excess return per unit of risk a modified Sortino ratio was used, which takes into account only the downside size and frequency of returns, measuring the return to negative volatility trade-off. Based on our results, it is apparent that some strategic equity indices outperform capital-weighted equity indices in a long-term investment perspective (1997-2018).A suitable combination of strategic equity indices, namely the mix of dividend strategy and momentum strategy may lead to the highest yield / risk ratio expressed by the Sortino ratio. The outperformance path of a mix of dividends and momentum strategy indices is much more stable than either the performance of the individual strategy equity indices or capital-weighted equity indices alone.
全过程造价管理在建设工程造价控制中的应用研究
Authors: 侯 润嵋
Published: April 2020

在当前时期，国内经济的发展速度是较快的，在此背景下，固定资产的实际投入持续增加。从建筑工程项目来看，投资周期是较长的，投资额也是较大的，而要保证工程项目能够有序展开，必须要针对工程造价展开全方位管理，确保整个建设过程纳入到管理中，这样方可保证造价管理真正赋有实效。现阶段，国内的不少单位对全过程造价管理的关注度有大幅提升，然而在展开管理时，对其产生影响的因素是较多的，导致此种情况出现的原因是全过程造价管理体系不够科学，其中存在很多的缺陷，这就导致造价管理出现脱节问题。本文主要针对建设工程造价管控过程中，如何对全过程造价管理予以应用展开深入探析，以期使得建设工程的造价控制能够赋有实效。
财政投资项目竣工财务决算刍议
Authors: 刘 晓实
Published: April 2020

财政投资项目其通常都是由政府机构拨款投资的，并且拥有较强的社会和经济影响力。在开展财政投资项目建设工作的时候，最为重要的就是要对针对项目资金使用情况进行切实的监控，并制定完善的项目预算和决算，针对工程施工各个阶段情况加以综合评审，避免在工程施工中出现资源浪费的情况。部分投资项目由于前期准备工作不充分，诸如：项目设计不适用，都会对财政投资项目工作开展造成严重的影响。财政投资项目因为自身具有的特殊性，所以保证财政投资的高效性是财政部门的重点工作。
Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2015
Authors: Roberts Jason A , Hobday Linda K , Ibrahim Aishah , Aitken Thomas , Thorley Bruce R
Published: April 2020

Australia conducts surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the main method to monitor its polio-free status. Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2015, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1.2 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, meeting the WHO performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. Two non-polio enteroviruses, enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus B3, were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia complements the clinical surveillance program with enterovirus and environmental surveillance for poliovirus. Two Sabin-like polioviruses were isolated from sewage collected in Melbourne in 2015, which would have been imported from a country that uses the oral polio vaccine. The global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 was certified in 2015 and Sabin poliovirus type 2 will be withdrawn from oral polio vaccine in April 2016. Laboratory containment of all remaining wild and vaccine strains of poliovirus type 2 will occur in 2016 and the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory was designated as a polio essential facility. Globally, in 2015, 74 cases of polio were reported, only in the two remaining countries endemic for wild poliovirus: Afghanistan and Pakistan. This is the lowest number reported since the global polio eradication program was initiated.
Manchas de vino oporto, la punta del iceberg para malformaciones vasculares congénitas
Authors: Roque Quezada Juan Carlos , De la Cruz Johnny , Alburqueque-Melgarejo Joseph , Carrilo Saldaña Carolina , Aldea Córdova Gabriel
Published: April 2020

Estimados editores, a propósito de la publicación “Factores asociados a malformaciones congénitas” por Ayala FD et al, en el Volumen 8, Numero 4 del 2019; quisiéramos acotar que hubiera sido interesante reportar también las malformaciones congénitas de la piel, muy frecuentemente vistas en nuestro entorno, pero muy poco reportadas. Entre ellas, la que consideramos de particular importancia reportar es la mancha de vino oporto (PWS), también conocida como nevus flammeus. Esta presenta una incidencia considerable del 0.3% a 0.5% de la población neonatal, representando la malformación vascular congénita más frecuente en dicha etapa1.

Resulta de la ectasia a nivel capilar y venular del tejido dérmico, teniendo como características clínicas ser una mancha de coloración rojo-violácea, vitropresión positiva que respeta la línea media. De todas las ubicaciones posibles, la región hemifacial posee la mayor connotación clínica, ya que puede estar asociada a complicaciones oculares y leptomeníngeas, siendo más prevalente en las lesiones de presentación ipsilateral2,3.

 Su importancia al identificarla, recae en que un gran porcentaje de estas pueden aparecer aisladamente, sin embargo, un 8% puede estar asociadas al síndrome de Sturge Weber (SWS), una facomatosis, que cursa clásicamente con PWS hemifacial, glaucoma y/o malformaciones leptomeningeas. Es necesario identificar a todo niño nacido con PWS y realizarle el descarte de este síndrome ya que su pronóstico, si bien depende del compromiso clínico, requiere, a diferencia de la PWS aislada, de un seguimiento a largo plazo por las especialidades de oftalmología y neurología, para su manejo y control 3-5.

 Clínicamente al identificar una PWS es importante delimitar bien su ubicación. Aquellas lesiones que comprometen el área sensitiva de la primera rama del nervio trigémino tienen una fuerte asociación al SWS.  Su prevalencia en una lesión que compromete parcialmente esta rama sensitiva es del 26% y puede aumentar a un 78% cuando la compromete por completo. Por otro lado, el compromiso aislado de la región palpebral también se ha asociado una elevada asociación de patologías oculares por SWS3-6.
Derechos sexuales y derechos reproductivos
Authors: Guevara-Ríos Enrique
Published: April 2020

Los derechos humanos son derechos inherentes a todos los seres humanos: derecho a la vida y a la libertad, derecho a no estar sometido ni a esclavitud ni a torturas, derecho a la libertad de opinión y de expresión; derecho a la educación, a la salud, al trabajo, entre otros muchos. 

 Estos derechos corresponden a todas las personas, sin discriminación alguna: raza, sexo, nacionalidad, origen étnico, lengua, religión o cualquier otra condición1.

Desde entonces, las Naciones Unidas han ido ampliando los derechos humanos para incluir normas específicas relacionadas con las mujeres, los niños, las personas con discapacidad, las minorías y otros grupos vulnerables, que ahora poseen derechos que los protegen frente a la discriminación que durante mucho tiempo ha sido común dentro de numerosas sociedades.

 En 1968 se llevó a cabo la Conferencia sobre los Derechos Humanos de Teherán2, donde se incluyó el derecho de las parejas para decidir libremente y bajo su responsabilidad el número y espaciamiento de los hijos.

 La Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo (CIPD)3, se celebró bajo los auspicios de las Naciones Unidas, en El Cairo, Egipto, del 5 al 13 de septiembre de 1994; por primera vez, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de la mujer se convirtieron en el elemento central del acuerdo internacional sobre población y desarrollo.

Los derechos sexuales4 comprenden el derecho básico de toda pareja y de toda persona de tener una vida sexual responsable, satisfactoria y segura; esto es, libre de enfermedad, lesiones, coerción o violencia, e independientemente de la situación reproductiva de cada uno. A tener acceso a una educación en sexualidad, que sea oportuna, integral, gradual, científica y con enfoque de género, y el respeto de las personas a su preferencia sexual; y a contar con información y servicios de prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), incluyendo el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana VIH-SIDA.

 Los derechos reproductivos4 comprenden el derecho básico de toda pareja y de toda persona de decidir libre y responsablemente sobre el número, el espaciamiento y la oportunidad de tener hijos/as y de tener la información y los medios de hacerlo, así como acceder plenamente a los métodos para regular la fecundidad. Asimismo, comprenden contar con servicios de calidad para el cuidado de las gestantes y recibir atención de emergencia y contar con todos los insumos para garantizar la maternidad saludable y segura.

En el Perú los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos están protegidos como en el ámbito internacional: desde los derechos humanos que están reconocidos en la Constitución y también en diferentes normas que abordan los diferentes contenidos protegidos, como la Ley Nº 28983, Ley de Igualdad de Oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres5, la Ley Nº 26842, Ley General de Salud6, y la Resolución Ministerial Nº 668 -2004 /MINSA, que  aprueba las Guías Nacionales de Atención Integral de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva7, entre otras normas legales.
Factores asociados al conocimiento de las señales de alarma en el embarazo en gestantes, Lima 2017
Authors: Vargas-Vilca Jesús A. , Quiñones-Laveriano Dante M. , Luna-Muñoz Consuelo , Loza-Becerra Victor E. , Chavez-Mauricio Melvyn H.
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al nivel de conocimiento de las señales de alarma en el embarazo en gestantes atendidas en los consultorios externos pertenecientes al Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue en 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico; con muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia a 196 gestantes de consultorios externos del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue durante los meses de octubre, noviembre y diciembre 2017. Los datos fueron recolectados con una encuesta estructurada y las variables categóricas se analizaron con test de chi2 y se utilizó el modelo de regresión logística, calculándose OR ajustados con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza. Resultados: Edad promedio de 26 años ± 5.36 años. La soltería en las gestantes actúo como un factor protector del nivel de conocimiento alto de las señales de alarma del embarazo (OR: 0.362; IC95%: 0.362-0.947; p=0.033). Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre gestantes solteras con el nivel de conocimiento alto de las señales de alarma en el embarazo en la población del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue en el 2017, si la gestante es soltera presenta 0.3 veces la posibilidad de tener un nivel alto de conocimiento de las señales de alarma en el embarazo; actúa como factor protector.
Composition and distribution patterns of eukaryotic microbial plankton in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Santi I , Kasapidis P , Psarra S , Assimakopoulou G , Pavlidou A , Protopapa M , Tsiola A , Zeri C , Pitta P
Published: April 2020

Marine microbial eukaryotes play crucial roles in water-column ecosystems; however, there are regional gaps in the investigation of natural microbial eukaryote communities, and uncertainties concerning their distribution persevere. This study combined 18S rRNA metabarcoding, biomass measurements and statistical analyses of multiple environmental variables to examine the distribution of planktonic microbial eukaryotes at different sites and water layers in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Western Levantine Basin). Our results showed that microbial eukaryotic communities were structured by depth. In surface waters, different sites shared high percentages of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), but this was not the case for deep-sea communities (≥1000 m). Plankton biomass was significantly different among sites, implying that communities of a similar composition may not support the same activity or population size. The deep-sea communities showed high percentages of unassigned MOTUs, highlighting the sparsity of the existing information on deep-sea plankton eukaryotes. Water temperature and dissolved organic matter significantly affected community distribution. Micro-eukaryotic distribution was additionally affected by the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio and viral abundance, while nano- and pico-communities were affected by zooplankton. The present study explores microbial plankton eukaryotes in their natural oligotrophic environment and highlights that, even within restricted oceanic areas, marine plankton may follow distribution patterns that are largely controlled by environmental variables.
Cardiovascular Sympathetic Arousal in Response to Different Mental Stressors
Authors: MESTANIK M. , MESTANIKOVA A. , VISNOVCOVA Z. , CALKOVSKA A. , TONHAJZEROVA I.
Published: April 2020

The altered regulation of autonomic response to mental stress can result in increased cardiovascular risk. The laboratory tests used to simulate the autonomic responses to real-life stressors do not necessarily induce generalized sympathetic activation; therefore, the assessment of regulatory outputs to different effector organs could be important. We aimed to study the cardiovascular sympathetic arousal in response to different mental stressors (Stroop test, mental arithmetic test) in 20 healthy students. The conceivable sympathetic vascular index – spectral power of low frequency band of systolic arterial pressure variability (LF-SAP) and novel potential cardio-sympathetic index – symbolic dynamics heart rate variability index 0V% were evaluated. The heart and vessels responded differently to mental stress – while Stroop test induced increase of both 0V% and LF-SAP indices suggesting complex sympathetic arousal, mental arithmetic test evoked only 0V% increase compared to baseline (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). Significantly greater reactivity of LF-SAP, 0V%, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were found in response to Stroop test compared to mental arithmetic test potentially indicating the effect of different central processing (0V%, LF-SAP: p<0.001; HR, MAP: p<0.01). The different effectors’ sympathetic responses to cognitive stressors could provide novel important information regarding potential pathomechanisms of stress-related diseases.
Participation of Heart Mitochondria in Myocardial Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Benefit Effects of Short-Term Adaptation Processes
Authors: FERKO M. , KANCIROVÁ I. , JAŠOVÁ M. , WACZULÍKOVÁ I. , ČARNICKÁ S. , KUCHARSKÁ J. , ULIČNÁ O. , VANČOVÁ O. , MURÁRIKOVÁ M. , RAVINGEROVÁ T. , ZIEGELHÖFFER A.
Published: April 2020

Acute streptozotocin diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as remote ischemic preconditioning (RPC) has shown a favorable effect on the postischemic-reperfusion function of the myocardium. Cardioprotective mechanisms offered by these experimental models involve the mitochondria with the changes in functional properties of membrane as the end-effector. The aim was to find out whether separate effects of RPC and DM would stimulate the mechanisms of cardioprotection to a maximal level or whether RPC and DM conditions would cooperate in stimulation of cardioprotection. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats divided into groups: control, DM, RPC and DM treated by RPC (RPC+DM). RPC protocol of 3 cycles of 5-min hind limb ischemia followed by 5-min reperfusion was used. Ischemic-reperfusion injury was induced by 30-min ischemia followed by 40-min reperfusion of the hearts in Langendorff mode. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation, infarct size assessed by staining with 1 % 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, mitochondrial membrane fluidity with a fluorescent probe DPH, CoQ9 and CoQ10 with HPLC. Results revealed that RPC as well as DM decreased the infarct size and preserved mitochondrial function by increasing the mitochondrial membrane fluidity. Both used models separately offered a sufficient protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury without an additive effect of their combination.
The Effect of D-Galactosamine on Lean and Steatotic Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture
Authors: KUČERA O. , LOTKOVÁ H. , SOBOTKA O. , ČERVINKOVÁ Z.
Published: April 2020

The aim of our work was to compare the effect of D-galactosamine (GalN) on primary cultures of lean and steatotic rat hepatocytes isolated from intact and fatty liver, respectively. GalN caused more severe injury to steatotic hepatocytes than to lean cells as documented by lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Necrotic mode of cell death strongly prevails over apoptosis since we did not observe any significant increase in activities of caspase 3, 8 and 9 in any group of hepatocytes treated with GalN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by GalN and were significantly more pronounced in fatty hepatocytes. A decrease in the percentage of hepatocytes with energized mitochondria was observed from 30 mM and 10 mM GalN in lean and steatotic hepatocytes, respectively. Our results undoubtedly indicate that steatotic hepatocytes exert higher sensitivity to the toxic effect of GalN. This sensitivity may be caused by more intensive GalN-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation and by higher susceptibility of mitochondria to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in steatotic hepatocytes. In our experimental arrangement, apoptosis does not seem to participate considerably on hepatotoxic action of GalN in either group of hepatocytes.
Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Response in Rats With Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia
Authors: ZILA I. , MOKRA D. , KOPINCOVA J. , KOLOMAZNIK M. , JAVORKA M. , CALKOVSKA A.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of cardiac autonomic control in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 µg/kg b.w.) and control group with an equivalent volume of saline. ECG recordings were done before (base) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after LPS or saline administration. HRV magnitude was quantified by time and frequency-domain analysis (mean RR interval, SDRR, RMSSD, spectral powers in low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands. Heart tissue homogenates and plasma were analyzed to determine interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress level (TBARS). Administration of lipopolysaccharide was followed by continuous rise in colonic body temperature compared to saline-treated controls. Endotoxemia in rats was accompanied by significant decrease in HRV spectral activity in high-frequency range at maximal body temperature (logHFpower: 1.2±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.6 ms2, P<0.01). Increased IL-6 was found in heart tissue homogenates of LPS rats (8.0±0.6 vs. 26.4±4.8 pg/ml, (P<0.05). In conclusions, reduced HRV in HF band may indicate a decreased parasympathetic activity in LPS-induced endotoxemia as basic characteristics of altered cardiac control during response to endotoxemia.
Use of Electrogastrography in Preclinical Studies of Cholinergic and Anticholinergic Agents in Experimental Pigs
Authors: KVĚTINA J. , TACHECÍ I. , PAVLÍK M. , KOPÁČOVÁ M. , REJCHRT S. , DOUDA T. , KUNEŠ M. , BUREŠ J.
Published: April 2020

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity. Porcine EGG is comparable with human one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of atropine and neostigmine on the EGG in experimental pigs. Adult female pigs were administrated atropine (1.5 mg i.m., n=6) and neostigmine (0.5 mg i.m., n=6) after the baseline EGG, followed by a 90-min trial recording (MMS, Enschede, the Netherlands). Running spectral analysis was used for the evaluation. The results were expressed as dominant frequency of slow waves and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). Neostigmine increased continuously the dominant frequency and decreased significantly the EGG power. Atropine did not change the dominant frequency significantly. However, atropine increased significantly the EGG power (areas of amplitudes) from basal values to the maximum at the 10-20-min interval. After that period, the areas of amplitudes decreased significantly to the lowest values at the 60-90-min interval. In conclusion, cholinergic and anticholinergic agents affect differently EGG in experimental pigs.
Head-Up Tilt Rapidly Compromises Hemodynamics in Healthy Anesthetized Swine
Authors: MLCEK M. , BELOHLAVEK J. , HUPTYCH M. , BOUCEK T. , BELZA T. , LACKO S. , KRUPICKOVA P. , HRACHOVINA M. , POPKOVA M. , NEUZIL P. , KITTNAR O.
Published: April 2020

The aims were to explore the effect of head-up tilt (HUT) to 30 and 60 degrees on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in anesthetized healthy swine. The data serve as a reference for a study of resuscitation efficacy at HUT such as during transport. Nine healthy swine (49±4 kg) were anesthetized and multiple sensors including myocardial pressure-volume loops catheter, carotid flow probe, blood pressure catheters, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry and mixed venous oximetry (SVO2) catheter were introduced and parameters continuously recorded. Experimental protocol consisted of baseline in supine position (15 min), 30 degrees HUT (15 min), recovery at supine position (15 min) and 60 degrees HUT (5 min). Vacuum mattress was used for body fixation during tilts. We found that 30 and 60 degrees inclination led to significant immediate reduction in hemodynamic and oximetry parameters. Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) decreased from 98 at baseline to 53 and 39, respectively. Carotid blood flow dropped to 47 % and 22 % of baseline values, end diastolic volume to 49 % and 53 % and stroke volume to 47 % and 45 % of baseline. SVO2 and tissue oximetry decreased by 17 and 21 percentage points. The values are means. In conclusions, within minutes, both 30 and 60 degrees head-up tilting is poorly tolerated in anesthetized swine. Significant differences among individual animals exist.