bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emission Inventory Development for Spatiotemporal Release of Vanadium from Anthropogenic Sources in China
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Baogang , Jiang Bo , Li Qimin , Hu Xuewen , Xing Yi
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Anthropogenic activities contribute primarily to the toxic vanadium presence in the surface environment, but quantitative assessment of its emissions from anthropogenic sources to various environmental receptors is still lacking. This study has developed nationwide vanadium emission inventory in China during 2015–2019, covering five major anthropogenic sources, including coal combustion, stationary oil burning, transportation, industrial production, and waste handling. Cumulative emission flux modelling has shown that 211094 t, 3725 t, and 0.1 t of vanadium were discharged into atmosphere, soil and water during this period. Coal combustion and stationary source of oil burning are the largest vanadium contributors, accounting for 47.5 % and 39.6 % of emission inventory. Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Guangdong and Hunan are among the largest provincial emitters. Emissions pertinent to raw coal combustion mainly increase by 719 t and 316 t in the provinces of North China and Northwestern China, respectively. Vanadium output pertinent to steelmaking constitutes 88.2 % emission in industrial production, and continued to increase in all regions. Emissions induced by vanadium mining shows remarkable spatial heterogeneity, with 66.1 % output determined in Southwestern China. Emissions pertinent to raw coal and coke combustion was the main source of uncertainty for the inventory development, resulting in output uncertainty ranging from -47.5 % to 63.7 % and -49.4 % to 53.7 %.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal and Elevational Precipitation Gauge Network Uncertainty in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Bertoncini André , W. Pomeroy John
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Uncertainty in estimating precipitation in mountain headwaters can be transmitted to estimates of river discharge far downstream. Quantifying and reducing this uncertainty is needed to better constrain the uncertainty of hydrological predictions in rivers with mountain headwaters. Spatial estimation of precipitation fields can be accomplished through interpolation of snowfall and rainfall observations, these are often sparse in mountains and so gauge density strongly affects precipitation uncertainty. Elevational lapse rates also influence uncertainty as they can vary widely between events and observations are rarely at multiple proximal elevations. Therefore, the spatial, temporal, and elevational domains need to be considered to quantify precipitation gauge network uncertainty. This study aims to quantify the spatiotemporal and elevational uncertainty in the spatial precipitation interpolated from gauged networks in the snowfall-dominated, triple continental divide, Canadian Rockies headwaters of the Mackenzie, Nelson, Columbia, Fraser and Mississippi rivers of British Columbia and Alberta, Canada and Montana, USA. A 30-year (1991–2020) daily precipitation database was created in the region and utilized to generate spatial precipitation and uncertainty fields utilizing kriging interpolation and lapse rates. Results indicate that gauge network coverage improved after the drought of 2001–2002, but it was still insufficient to decrease domain-scale uncertainty, because most gauges were deployed in valley bottoms. It was identified that deploying gauges above 2000 m will have the greatest cost-effective benefits for decreasing uncertainty in the region. High-elevation gauge deployments associated with university research and other programs after 2005 had a widespread impact on reducing uncertainty. The greatest uncertainty in the recent period remains in the Nelson headwaters, whilst the least is in the Mississippi headwaters. These findings show that both spatiotemporal and elevational components of precipitation uncertainty need to be quantified to estimate uncertainty for use in precipitation network design in mountain headwaters. Understanding and then reducing these uncertainties through additional precipitation gauges is crucial for more reliable prediction of river discharge.
Force Partitioning Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Wind Turbine Tower Sections
Authors: VimalKumar Shyam , De Tavernier Delphine , von Terzi Dominic , Belloli Marco , Viré Axelle
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) of wind turbine towers during installation is an aero-structural problem of significant practical relevance. Vibrations may happen in the tower structure, especially when the rotor-nacelle assembly is not yet attached to the tower or if the rotor blades are not yet connected to the tower-nacelle assembly. The complexity of aeroelastic phenomena involved in VIV makes the modeling and analysis challenging. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the fundamental mechanisms causing the onset and sustenance of vortex-induced vibrations. To gain more understanding of the nature of vibrations, a methodology is established that distinguishes different components of the forces at play. This approach allows identifying how various force components impact the oscillation of a rigid body. The method is executed using the OpenFOAM open-source software. Numerical simulations are conducted on a two-dimensional smooth cylinder at both subcritical and supercritical Reynolds numbers to establish a correlation between wind turbine tower vibrations and the force mechanism. The analysis involves performing Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) simulations using the modified pimpleFoam solver with the k-ω SST turbulence model. Both fixed and free-vibrating cases are studied for smooth cylinders. For the high Reynolds number cases, a setup matching the tower top segment of the IEA 15MW reference wind turbine was chosen. Studying the flow around a cylinder at a subcritical Reynolds number reveals that the primary force involved is the vorticity force. The combined force due to viscosity, added mass, and vorticity contributes most to the overall force. For a freely vibrating cylinder with a single degree of freedom in the cross-flow direction, the analysis indicates that the force component associated with the cylinder's motion is crucial and significantly affects the total force. Moreover, analysing the energy transfer between the fluid and the structure, a positive energy contribution by the vorticity-induced force is observed on or before the dominant Strouhal velocity. This confirms observations at low Reynolds numbers in the literature that the vortex shedding predominantly contributes to the initiation of oscillations during VIV. The kinematic force contributes to the energy transfer of the system, but the mean energy transfer per cycle is negligible.
Una revisión del periodo cálido medieval a través de sus indicadores climáticos indirectos en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Parra Aguilar Leonor
Published: February 2024

El Periodo Cálido Medieval (PCM), también denominado Óptimo Climático Medieval o Anomalía Cálida Medieval, fue un periodo cálido del que se han escrito innumerables páginas despertando distintas discrepancias a lo largo de los años. En este trabajo se ha procedido a realizar un estado de la cuestión sobre el PCM en la Península Ibérica. A través de él se han evaluado los indicadores climáticos de origen indirecto que se han extraído de las diversas investigaciones para intentar aportar algo de luz a esas cuestiones confusas. Los resultados han demostrado una tendencia cronológica influenciada por la latitud, por lo que para el centro de la Península se ha estimado una cronología aproximada entre los siglos XII al XIV incluidos, con un siglo de transición, el XV, a la Pequeña Edad de Hielo.
Análisis crítico de los discursos en torno a los programas de deporte en edad escolar en Chile
Authors: Urzua Gabriel , Aguila Cornelio
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Desde el ámbito institucional, se considera el deporte un adecuado vehículo educativo para la formación integral y el desarrollo de valores en la infancia y adolescencia. Por ello, predominan los discursos que remarcan el carácter pedagógico del deporte y la contribución positiva de su práctica en los ámbitos físico, psicológico y social. Sin embargo, diversos autores, desde una perspectiva crítica, cuestionan la implícita asociación del deporte con sus beneficios educativos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los discursos institucionales en torno a los programas deportivos con carácter educativo orientados a la población en edad escolar en Santiago de Chile (Región Metropolitana) y contrastarlos con los discursos de profesionales y de participantes. MÉTODO. Seguimos un diseño cualitativo con dos fases: 1) Análisis categorial de contenido de un corpus documental institucional. 2) Entrevistas a profesionales y participantes de los programas en relación con las categorías obtenidas en la fase anterior. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados no muestran controversias ni divergencias entre los discursos de las tres fuentes de información analizadas, y son discutidos en torno a tres ejes que otorgan legitimidad al deporte, tanto como fenómeno sociocultural como en su forma de programa educativo de intervención: el deporte es bueno en sí mismo, el deporte está asociado a la salud y al estilo de vida saludable, y el deporte como vehículo adecuado para la formación de buenos ciudadanos. CONCLUSIONES. Prevalece una mirada universal, acrítica y sacralizada del deporte, que constituye un régimen de verdad sobre formas ideales de ser, manteniendo su carácter civilizador y funcional. Finalizamos aportando implicaciones pedagógicas y perspectivas futuras de investigación.
La docencia compartida como estrategia de inclusión en primaria. Una experiencia de investigación-acción
Authors: Gutiérrez Moñino Yolanda , Braga Blanco Gloria
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Este artículo describe los principales hallazgos del primer ciclo de un proceso de investigación-acción sobre docencia compartida desarrollado durante un curso escolar en un centro público de primaria. El equipo de trabajo ha estado formado por tres profesionales del centro: la especialista de pedagogía terapéutica (P.T.), la especialista de audición y lenguaje (A.L.) y la tutora de un grupo de 2º de primaria, que diseñaron actividades inclusivas para realizar dentro del grupo de referencia donde se encuentra escolarizada una alumna de necesidades educativas especiales (n.e.e.). MÉTODO. Se realizaron dos sesiones semanales de docencia compartida garantizando la participación de todo el alumnado dentro de un proceso de investigación-acción. Se escribieron diarios de todas las sesiones (29 en total) que fueron analizados de forma inductiva y cualitativa. RESULTADOS. Se obtuvieron 17 códigos temáticos que fueron agrupados en 7 categorías y 4 dimensiones: estrategias de docencia compartida, vida en el aula, estrategias de aprendizaje del alumnado de n.e.e. y creencias/relaciones de las profesoras. DISCUSIÓN. El análisis mostró beneficios de esta metodología no solo para la inclusión de todo el alumnado sino también para la profesionalización de las docentes, aunque tampoco faltaron dificultades.
Factores emocionales internos como estrategias de protección del estrés en futuros docentes
Authors: Gavín Chocano Óscar , García-Martínez Inmaculada , Pérez-Navío Eufrasio , Quijano-López Rocío
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El bienestar subjetivo de la persona, fluctúa en la complementariedad entre componentes emocionales y cognitivos, teniendo implicaciones consustaciales en el desarrollo global del individuo. Por tanto, identificar aquellos factores de protección socioemocionales nos permitirá definir estrategias reguladoras frente al estrés. El presente estudio pretende aportar evidencias sobre el valor de la Inteligencia Emocional y Resiliencia como factores de protección frente al estrés, actuando como variable mediadora la Autoestima, utilizando el enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) del modelo de ruta. MÉTODO. Participaron 723 estudiantes universitarios, 588 son mujeres, (81.30%) y 135 hombres (18.70%), con una edad media de 21.43 años (±5.65).  Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Escala de Resiliencia (RS-14), Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS-S), Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSE), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) y Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). RESULTADOS. Los resultados evidenciaron la relación entre las dimensiones de los instrumentos considerados, actuando como variable potenciadora la autoestima, siendo los coeficientes de determinación: autoestima (r²=.632), satisfacción vital (r²=.313) y estrés percibido (r²=.509), con un error cuadrático medio (SRMR) de .067. DISCUSIÓN. Las consecuencias prácticas subrayan la necesidad de fomentar estrategias educativas útiles de análisis de las situaciones emocionales.
¿Cómo apoyar a las escuelas en el desarrollo de prácticas más inclusivas? Explorando recursos y herramientas
Authors: Azorín Cecilia , Villa Sofía
Published: February 2024

Introducción. El proceso de inclusión es uno de los grandes retos que sigue teniendo por delante el sistema educativo español. En los últimos años, se ha producido un incremento en el número de recursos y de herramientas que tratan de apoyar a las escuelas en el desarrollo de prácticas más inclusivas. Método. Partiendo de esta realidad, se presenta un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa, que emplea el análisis documental de contenido de un total de doce fuentes (seis recursos y seis herramientas) con el objetivo principal de explorar algunos de los materiales que se encuentran a disposición de las escuelas en su camino hacia la inclusión. Como objetivo específico se plantea profundizar en los instrumentos que estos documentos proporcionan para la revisión de prácticas inclusivas. Resultados. En el apartado de resultados se desgrana el concepto de inclusión que recogen las fuentes documentales consultadas, se identifica a los destinatarios y etapas educativas a las que se dirigen, se abordan las barreras que obstaculizan el desarrollo de la educación inclusiva y se describen los instrumentos para la reflexión, formación, evaluación y mejora que estos recursos y herramientas aportan en materia de inclusión. Discusión. Las conclusiones apuntan al impacto que el uso de este tipo de materiales puede tener en las escuelas, de ahí la necesidad de dar a conocer estos documentos de referencia a los profesionales de la enseñanza que están en la práctica, contribuyendo así a no perder de vista el horizonte al que aspira la inclusión.
INTENSIFICATION OF LIGNITE AND ANTHRACITE COMBUSTION PROCESS BY METAL NITRATES
Authors: Губин А.В. , Калтаев А.Ж. , Горшков А.С. , Матвеева А.А. , Ларионов К.Б.
Published: February 2024

Исследовано влияние активирующих добавок в виде нитратов различных металлов (KNO3, NaNO3 и Сa(NO3)2) на процессы окисления и горения бурого угля и антрацита. Добавки в количестве 5 % (масс.) наносили на исследуемые образцы методом пропитки по влагоемкости. Методом термического анализа и высокоскоростной видеосъемки процесса горения установлено, что использование добавок способствует существенному повышению реакционной способности топлив, что выражалось в снижении начальной температуры интенсивного окисления Ti (на 21–146 °С) и сокращении времени задержки зажигания τi (на 0,7–4,7 c). Процесс горения модифицированных образцов сопровождался периодическим образованием микровзрывов. Наибольший эффект, связанный с повышением реакционной способности топлива, проявлялся для образца антрацита. Использование добавок способствовало существенному снижению количества образующегося топливного недожога в зольном остатке и уменьшению эмиссии оксида углерода.

The effect of activating additives in the form of metal nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2) on oxidation and combustion of lignite and anthracite was studied. Additives in the amount of 5 wt .% were applied to the samples by impregnation according to moisture capacity. Evaluation of additives effect on the fuel reactivity was performed by thermal analysis and high-speed video recording of the combustion process. It was found decreasing of the initial temperature of intensive oxidation Ti (by 21–146 °C) and reducing the ignition delay time τi (by 0.7–4.7 s). The process of combustion of modified samples was accompanied by the periodic formation of microexplosions. The greatest effect associated with an increase in the reactivity of fuel was observed for the sample of anthracite. The use of additives contributed to a significant decrease in the amount of the fuel underburning and a decrease in the emission of carbon monoxide.
THE STUDY OF THERMAL DESTRUCTION AND COMBUSTION OF COAL AND PEAT AS COMPONENTS OF PULVERIZED COAL FUEL
Authors: Амдур А.М. , Федоров С.А. , Форшев А.А. , Гревцев Н.В.
Published: February 2024

С помощью прибора синхронного термического анализа исследовано влияние содержания кислорода в газовой фазе на термическую деструкцию и горение торфа и углей с различной степенью метаморфизма для оптимизации режимов получения пылеугольного топлива. Установлено, что скорость термической деструкции уменьшается с ростом степени метаморфизма: для торфа она составляет 2,69 %/мин, для бурого угля 1,48 %/мин, для тощего угля 0,55 %/мин, у антрацита 0,30 %/мин. Температура выделения летучих компонентов понижается (с 420 ºС у тощих до 220 ºС у торфа) и остается примерно постоянной в присутствии кислорода вплоть до состава синтетического воздуха. На сканирующем электронном микроскопе изучена структура частиц торфа. Они имеют удлиненную форму размерами от 50 до 400 мкм. Преобладающая структура зерен – ячеистая, реже волокнистая и слоистая. Температура начала горения углерода торфа составляет около 340 ºС. Процессы сопровождаются выделением значительного количества газов: CO2, H2O, H2, SO2, NO и NO2.

The influence of the oxygen content in the gas phase on the thermal destruction and combustion of peat and coals with various degrees of metamorphism were studied using a device for synchronous thermal analysis to optimize the modes of obtaining pulverized coal fuel. It was found that the rate of thermal destruction decreases with an increase in the degree of metamorphism: for peat it is 2,69%/min, for brown coal 1,48%/min, for lean coal 0,55%/min, for anthracite 0,30%/min. The temperature of the release of volatile components decreases (from 420 ºС for lean to 220 ºС for peat) and remains approximately constant in the presence of oxygen up to the composition of synthetic air. The structure of peat particles was studied on a scanning electron microscope. They have an elongated shape of «fibers» ranging in size from 50 to 400 microns. The predominant structure is cellular, less often fibrous and layered. The combustion start temperature of peat carbon is about 340 ºС. The processes are accompanied by the release of a significant amount of gases: CO2, H2O, H2, SO2, NO and NO2.
THE USE OF ANALYTICAL CALCULATION METHODS FOR THE SELECTION OF WELDING MODES OF LONGITUDINAL SEAMS OF PIPES AND ANNULAR JOINTS OF PIPELINES OF STEELS OF STRENGTH CLASSES K65 AND K80
Authors: Уткин И.Ю. , Мурашов Н.А.
Published: February 2024

Исследовано влияние химического состава сталей классов прочности К65 и К80 на кинетику распада аустенита, ударную вязкость и твердость зоны перегрева для скоростей охлаждения, характерных для многодуговой сварки под флюсом и ручной дуговой сварки. Определен диапазон скоростей охлаждения, в котором механические свойства отвечают нормативным требованиям для рассматриваемых способов сварки. С помощью методики аналитического расчета определены технологические параметры сварки, обеспечивающие подобранный диапазон скоростей охлаждения.

The influence of the chemical composition of steels of strength classes K65 and K80 on the kinetics of austenite decay, impact strength and hardness of the overheating zone for cooling rates characteristic of multi-arc submerged arc welding and manual arc welding is investigated. The range of cooling rates in which the mechanical properties meet the regulatory requirements for the welding methods under consideration is determined. Using the analytical calculation method, the technological parameters of welding are determined, providing a selected range of cooling speeds.
The Frechet Reliability for (2+2) Cascade Model
Authors: H. Khaleel Ahmed
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a reliability function for one of the cascade models was found; the model consists of two basic components (B_1 and B_2 ) and two spare components (B_3 and B_4 ), and it is sufficient for the model to be in a working state with the presence of two active components and, in case of failure of one of the two basic components, it is compensated with one of the two standby components to keep the model running. It was assumed that the strength-stress factors traced the Frechet, the parameters of the Frechet were estimated by three different estimation methods (Moments, Least Squares and Weighted Least Square,), after which the reliability of the model was estimated. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to compare the results and find out which estimation methods are the best to estimate the reliability of the model using two statistical criteria: MSE and MAPE, where it was presented that least square estimation is the preferred for estimating the function of reliability.
Social Media English in Nigeria and the New Crime Wave
Authors: Edem Eventus , Effiong Esther
Published: February 2024

This study explores the social media English in Nigeria and the new crime wave. Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of systemic functional linguistics and forensic linguistics, the study adopts a qualitative data analysis approach to examine the linguistic devices used in the portrayal of criminal activities. The research delves into the language of crime, reviewing related literature and analyzing selected posts for their use of specific linguistic devices. These devices include slang and code words, metaphors and euphemisms, sensational headlines, and biased language. The study reveals that these linguistic devices play a crucial role in the construction and perception of criminal activities on social media platforms. Slang and code words, for instance, often serve as a form of coded communication among criminals, while metaphors and euphemisms are used to downplay the severity of criminal acts or to disguise illegal activities. Sensational headlines and biased language, on the other hand, can influence public opinion and perpetuate stereotypes about crime and criminals. This study contributes to the understanding of how language is used in the context of crime on social media platforms, offering valuable insights for law enforcement agencies, policy makers, and researchers in the fields of linguistics and criminology. It underscores the need for further research in this area, particularly in the era of digital communication where language plays a pivotal role in shaping societal narratives about crime.
A New Extension of Combination of Linear and Bilinear Generating Relations in Function Spaces Associated with Hypergeometric Polynomials; Some New Applications of Two Signals in Special Functions
Authors: Madhav Prasad Poudel Et al.
Published: February 2024

For a certain class of generalized hypergeometric polynomials, the first derive some special cases on linear and bilinear generating functions and then apply these generating functions in order to reduce the corresponding results for the classical Jacobi, Hermite, Laguerre and Gegenbauer Polynomials, hypergeometric functions of Gauss and functions of Bessel and Kelvin. They also consider several linear generating functions for these polynomials as well as for some multivariable Jacobi and multivariable Laguerre polynomials which were investigated in recent years. Some of the linear and bilinear generating functions, presented in this paper, are associated with the hypergeometric polynomials.
The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Promoting the Growth of Students in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Roberto Toscano-Noroña Dr. Shilpa Sachdeva, Dr. Ritu Sharma, , Dr. Prashant Mishra Avinash Kumar Mishra, Gabriela Sierra-Vergara,
Published: February 2024

The far and wide utilization of enormous information is supported by data innovation, which likewise prompts continuous changes in school and college educational programs. The subject of how to assist undergrads with bettering comprehend innovation and entrepreneurship while likewise assisting them with acclimating to the moving economic situations has acquired consideration. Look at the condition of innovation and entrepreneurship instruction for undergrads today utilizing huge information investigation. This paper looks at the expert morals, work hunting thought, innovation and practice capacity development, imaginative reasoning, enterprising mental bearing skill, creative and exhaustive nature of entrepreneurship, and different parts of undergrads' entrepreneurship. By inspecting the condition of innovation and entrepreneurship schooling for undergrads today, we can recognize the positive impacting factors and attempt to reinforce and improve them. This study proposes change ideas and countermeasures considering the ominous impact components. To make a bunch of ceaselessly further developing innovation and entrepreneurship curricular frameworks, the public authority, schools, instructors, and students met up to sum up the innovation and entrepreneurship training model. In this methodology, an imaginative and pioneering ability improvement program that is receptive to the requirements of the cutting-edge world might be laid out, and the sound development of talented people can be energized.
A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage
Authors: Mullin Matthew , Wagner Michael
Published: February 2024

This work demonstrates methods of mapping high-spatial-resolution direct normal irradiance (DNI) data from satellites, Total Sky Imagers (TSIs), and analogous data sources onto a heliostat field for characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of the incident flux on a central receiver tower during cloud transient events. The mapping methods are incorporated into an optical software module that interfaces with CoPylot–SolarPILOT’s python API– to provide computationally efficient optical simulation of the heliostat field and the solar power tower. Eventually, this optical model will be incorporated into optimization models whereby a plant operator can understand the effects of cloud transient events on overall power production and receiver lifetime due to creep-fatigue damage and therefore make better informed decisions about receiver shutdown events. By more accurately modelling the effects of cloud events on receiver flux maps, this work may determine the magnitude and frequency of thermal cycling on receiver tubes and panels using actual or realistic cloud shapes instead of averaged DNI values–which may undercount the total cycle number. This work may also prevent unnecessary plant shutdowns due to overly precautionary control strategies and characterize the relative impact of various cloud types on receiver life. We plan to eventually integrate this methodology into the System Advisor Model (SAM) to improve performance model accuracy during periods of cloudiness. In this paper, we demonstrate generating DNI maps and mapping them to a solar field in CoPylot using 10 m resolution data from publicly available Sentinel-2 satellite data over the Crescent Dunes plant.
Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of BTL lozenges on experimental animals
Authors: Nam Vu , Mi Pham Ngoc Yen , Anh Pham Thi Van , Nghia Duong Trong , Linh Nguyen Tuong , Tung Tran Thanh
Published: February 2024

ThIs research evaluated the acute and subchronic toxicities of BTL lozenges through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by Litchfield Wilcoxon method in Swiss mice. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated by the recommendation of WHO and OECD in Wistar rats with oral doses of 720 g/kg body weight/day (equal to recommended human dose) and 1440 g/kg body weight/day (2 times as high as recommended human dose) in 90 consecutive days. As a result, BTL lozenges at the highest dose used for mice (12 lozenges/kg body weight) did not express acute toxicity in mice. In terms of the subchronic toxicity test, after oral administration of BTL lozenges, hematological parameters, hepato-renal functions and microscopic images of liver and kidney at an equivalent to the human recommended dose were unchanged as compared with the control group. In conclusion, BTL lozenges with both doses 720 g/kg body weight/day and 1440 g/kg body weight/day did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.
Factors related to depression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital during 2021 - 2022
Authors: Mai Do Tuyet , Tuong Pham Van , Linh Le Khanh , Huong Tran Thi Thanh
Published: February 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer is currently the second most common cancer when assessing common cancer and the number of cancer deaths; there are a limited number of studies about depression in lung cancer patients in Vietnam. This cross -sectional descriptive study aimed to describe depression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at K Hospital from 2021 – 2022 and associated factors. The study was conducted on 243 NSCLC patients treated at K Tan Trieu Hospital by direct phone call interview and psychiatric clinical examination. We applied the PHQ-9 scale and DSM-5 for screening and confirmed depression, and the SF-12 scale was applied for quality of life measurement. The study found that stage IV disease increased the risk of depression more than 6 times in lung cancer patients (OR = 6.47; p<0.05) and patients with poor QoL in the depression group, in which quality of life of mental health (36.94 ± 5.43) and physical health (41.78 ± 7.17) were all lower than those in the group without depression. Measures to monitor mental health, screen for early detection and treatment interventions, and improve quality of life are the top priorities to reduce the risk of depression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test of kovir capsules in mice
Authors: Anh Pham Thi Van , Duong Dau Thuy , Thang Nguyen Huu , Lien Nguyen Thi Huong , Duc Nguyen Minh , Thanh Mai Phuong
Published: February 2024

The present study was performed to gather information on the effects of Kovir capsules on reproductive and developmental parameters in mice according to the OECD guideline for reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test. The test item was administered orally at dose levels of 1.44 and 2.16 capsules/kg body weight/day to male mice from 2 weeks before mating to the end of the 14-day mating period and females from 2 weeks before mating, during mating, gestation, and until the 13th day of lactation. During the study period, clinical signs, body weight, relative organ weight, reproductive and littering results, necropsy results, and histopathological examination of the testicles were examined. No significant differences existed between the relative organ weights of exposed and unexposed males after the 4-week exposure. Photomicrographs of the testis of treated males did not display marked damage compared with untreated males. There were also no treatment-related effects of Kovir on pregnancy rates, the number of implantations, and the live fetuses of females. These results suggested that Kovir capsules at both test doses did not induce reproductive hazards in mature male and female animals. The effects of Kovir on the mean litter size, postnatal mortality, and appearance of developmental markers in pups were not identified.
Efecto de la introducción de un proceso del perfeccionamiento en el sistema técnico–organizativo de una unidad lechera
Authors: Abdourhamane Ibrahima Mahamane
Published: February 2024

El perfeccionamiento empresarial en Cuba consiste en un conjunto de transformaciones que se implementan en las empresas para hacer frente a las profundas afectaciones económicas, con el objetivo de lograr una recuperación en eficiencia económica y competitividad en el mercado mundial. De allí la importancia de evaluar el efecto de la introducción del proceso de perfeccionamiento en el sistema técnico–organizativo de una unidad lechera. El trabajo se realizó en la vaquería 024 perteneciente a la Empresa Pecuaria Genética “Los Naranjos”, ubicada en el municipio Caimito, provincia de Artemisa, Cuba. durante los meses de marzo a mayo del 2011, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la introducción de un proceso de perfeccionamiento del sistema técnico–organizativo en los resultados productivo, reproductivo y económico. En el trabajo, se evaluó el comportamiento de la unidad lechera 024, antes y después de la introducción de un proceso del perfeccionamiento técnico–organizativo, y como resultado se obtuvo una repercusión positiva en los resultados productivos y reproductivos (P<0,05). Además, se logró incrementar los ingresos en 16.693 Moneda Nacional y la sostenibilidad de la unidad después del perfeccionamiento. Hace falta extender este proceso de perfeccionamiento técnico–organizativo a otras unidades lecheras, dado los resultados positivos aportados a la unidad investigada y realizar valoraciones económicas más profundas y sistemáticas que permitan validar el sistema.
El Fuero de España
Authors: Coronas Santos M.
Published: February 2024

El Fuero antiguo de España, visigodo y medieval, real y popular, con sus versionesasturleonesas, navarro-aragonesas, franco-catalanas, castellanas y portuguesas en laépoca de la consolidación de las naciones ibéricas que coinciden con el imperio leonésde Alfonso VI y su nieto Alfonso VII el emperador a finales del siglo xi y primera mitaddel siglo xii y con el castellano de Fernando III y Alfonso X en el siglo xiii, pasó a serpor entonces monárquico y castellano o español, superando su destino histórico deencarnar las libertades y franquicias medievales para ser mero testimonio de fidelidady homenaje popular de nobles y ciudades al futuro rey conforme al estilo del AntiguoRégimen, hasta las últimas Juras reales en tiempos de Isabel II (1833).
La depuración republicana de funcionarios judiciales hasta el inicio de la Guerra Civil
Authors: Pino Abad Miguel
Published: February 2024

Inmediatamente después del fallido intento de golpe de Estado, encabezado por elgeneral Sanjurjo, el Gobierno de Manuel Azaña presentó en las Cortes un proyecto deley para separar de sus cargos a todos los funcionarios civiles o militares que fueranconsiderados desafectos al régimen republicano. Esa ley, de 11 de agosto de 1932, sevio complementada con la de 8 de septiembre de mismo año, por la que se permitía alEjecutivo acometer discrecionalmente la jubilación forzosa de los funcionarios de lascarreras judicial y fiscal, con independencia de su edad. Ambas leyes fueron objeto deseveras críticas, no solo por la oposición política, sino también por colectivos de profesionalesdel Derecho, como los abogados, quienes vieron en ellas una clara amenazaa la independencia judicial y una flagrante vulneración de derechos reconocidos constitucionalmente.Con la llegada a la Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros de AlejandroLerroux, se fijó que uno de los objetivos prioritarios del nuevo Gabinete debía serla reposición en sus puestos de todos los funcionarios que habían sido apartados sinque se les hubiera instruido expediente previo. Fruto de ello, fue la promulgación de laley de 13 de diciembre de 1934. Sin embargo, con el comienzo de la Guerra Civil se intensificó, nuevamente, la depuración de funcionarios, siendo los adscritos a la Administraciónde Justicia unos de los más afectados.
Rezension von: Castelfranchi Vegas, Liana: Die Kunst im Mittelalter
Authors: Setzler Sibylle , Castelfranchi Vegas Liana
Published: February 2024

Liana Castelfranchi Vegas: Die Kunst im Mittelalter. Benzinger Verlag Solothurn und Düsseldorf 1995. 392 Seiten mit 91 farbigen und 358 schwarzweißen Abbildungen sowie 29 Aufrissen. Gebunden DM 198,-
Rezension von: Die Amtsvorsteher der Oberämter, Bezirksämter und Landratsämter in Baden-Württemberg 1810 bis 1972
Authors: Waibel Raimund , Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kreisarchive
Published: February 2024

Die Amtsvorsteher der Oberämter, Bezirksämter und Landratsämter in Baden-Württemberg 1810 bis 1972, hrsg. von der  Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kreisarchivare beim Landkreistag Baden-Württemberg. Konrad Theiss Verlag Stuttgart 1996. 609 Seiten mit 70 Abbildungen. Gebunden DM 69,-
Rezension von: Reinhardt, Volker (Hrsg.), Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Schweiz und Liechtenstein
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Reinhardt Volker
Published: February 2024

Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Schweiz und Liechtenstein. Herausgegeben von Volker Reinhardt. Alfred Kröner Verlag Stuttgart 1996. 798 Seiten mit2 Karten und 15 Stadtplänen.
Rezension von: Maier-Lörcher, Barbara, Ulmer Kunst in aller Welt
Authors: Setzler Sibylle , Maier-Lörcher Barbara
Published: February 2024

Barbara Maier-Lörcher: Ulmer Kunst in aller Welt. Plastische Bildwerke des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts. Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Ulm 1996.
El impacto de la normalización de la política monetaria en el mercado de operaciones garantizadas (repo)
Authors: Vela Claudio , Aguilar Alicia
Published: February 2024

Motivación

Este artículo ofrece un análisis empírico sobre los principales factores que explican los movimientos del diferencial entre el tipo repo y el tipo de la facilidad de depósito (DFR, por sus siglas en inglés) en el área del euro, con especial foco en el impacto de la normalización de la política monetaria. Los resultados apuntan a que el notable aumento de las expectativas de tipos fue el principal elemento detrás del ensanchamiento del diferencial en 2022. En 2023, la contención de las expectativas del ritmo de subidas y la reducción del balance del Eurosistema volvieron a situar el diferencial en los niveles previos al inicio del período de subidas de tipos oficiales.

Ideas principales

•El ensanchamiento del diferencial repo-DFR en 2022 se debió principalmente a las expectativas de subidas de tipos.

•Otros elementos coyunturales, como la incertidumbre en torno a la política monetaria y la demanda de activos a corto plazo, también contribuyeron al aumento del diferencial.

•Las tensiones temporales observadas en este mercado durante 2022 se redujeron en 2023, con la relajación de las expectativas de subidas de tipos.
SEX, THEN AND NOW
Authors: Kern Philip Hudson
Published: February 2024

review
Trust in Eschatological Judgment: Pistis in Hebrews 10:36–39
Authors: Beevers James
Published: February 2024

Recent studies on πίστις in Hebrews have suggested two approaches to the term. Some take it to designate ‘faithfulness’, a view that is seemingly buttressed by the warning passages, while others view it as ‘faith’ that is directed narrowly toward God’s power to resurrect. This study argues that the Old Testament passages adduced in the warning passages are an underappreciated lens for understanding πίστις in Hebrews. Using Heb 10:36–39’s use of Isa 26:20 and Hab 2:3–4 as a test case, this study argues that Hebrews expects a discriminating judgment that will separate the righteous and the wicked, judging the wicked and rewarding or vindicating the righteous. The author’s exhortation to πίστις is an exhortation to faith in the reality and truth of the coming judgment, a propositional belief that reorders earthly life and generates perseverance in the face of hardship. This view satisfactorily unites the author’s twin emphases on the judgment that befalls apostates with his overall imperative to πίστις.
ADAM AND THE COVENANT OF WORKS
Authors: Foster Philip D.
Published: February 2024

Review
PROBLEMATIKA GURU TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SD N 1 POKOH KIDUL
Authors: Susanti Widya
Published: February 2024

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan problematika guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka pada pembelajaran matematika dan solusi terhadap problematika guru dalam pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling. Teknik Pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan difokuskan ke arah informasi kesatuan data dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yakni problematika yang dialami guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka oleh rendahnya inovasi dalam proses pembelajaran dan terkendala pada pengorganisasian kelas dikarenakan diagnostik awal kurang jelas bentuk penilaiannya sehingga kebutuhan peserta didik kurang sesuai dengan fasilitas belajar. Alternatif yang dilakukan guru yakni kepala sekolah memberikan instruksi kepada guru untuk mengikuti kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan implementasi kurikulum merdeka, guru mengikuti kegiatan pendampingan/pelatihan/sosialisasi Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka, guru mengklasifikasikan peserta didik berdasarkan kemampuan, serta mengembangkan media secara mandiri menggunakan media yang sederhana dan mudah didapat untuk memberikan pemahaman konsep dasar pada pembelajaran matematika.

Kata kunci:  Kurikulum Merdeka, Problematika Guru, Pembelajaran Matematika
PROBLEMATIKA PERALIHAN KURIKULUM 2013 MENUJU KURIKULUM MERDEKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN NUMERIK PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Dewi Tri Karuna
Published: February 2024

The curriculum is a guideline for carrying out learning activities to achieve educational goals, because the curriculum is the foundation of education. The purpose of this research is to identify the curriculum transition process that educators must adapt to, as well as barriers in the K-13 curriculum transition to independent learning. The method used is qualitative, this research uses documentation, interviews and observation techniques. The conclusion from the results of the analysis is as follows: the independent learning curriculum at SD Negeri 1 Pokoh Kidul has been implemented starting at the end of the 2022 academic year, by considering several factors, then preparing the tools, media and guidelines used in learning. The adaptation process for mathematics educators is carried out by applying the Pancasila student profile in learning and participating in a number of trainings to increase the capacity of educators. Barriers to this transition lie in human resources, teacher capacity and differences in students' awareness, thoughts and ways of thinking in understanding independent programs
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENALI HURUF ABJAD MENGGUNAKAN KARTU HURUF PADA SISWA KELAS 1 DI SD NEGERI 3 WONOBOYO
Authors: Saddam Hussein Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Tujuan observasi ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan mengenal huruf pada isa kelas 1 SD Negeri 3 Wonoboyo melalui media kartu huruf. Subjek observasi ini adalah anak kelas 1 yang berjumlah 14 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil observasi menunjukan adanya peningkatan kemampuan mengenal huruf pada siswa kelas SD Negeri 3 Wonoboyo setelah dilakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media kartu huruf. Dengan demikian penggunaan media kartu huruf dalam pembelajaran mengenal huruf dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal huruf pada siswa kelas 1 SD Negeri 3 Wonoboyo.

Kata kunci: siswa, kemampuan mengenal huruf, media kartu huruf
PROMATIKA KESULITAN SISWA DALAM BELAJAR MEMBACA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS II DI SD NEGERI 1 WONOGIRI
Authors: Hayati Noer
Published: February 2024

Kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan merupakan kesulitan belajar membaca pada anak tingkat sekolah dasar kelas II akhrinya terjadi pada siswa tertentu, oleh karena itu kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan lebih diperhatikan oleh guru bahasa Indonesia. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan siswa kelas II.C pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesisa, dan faktor-fakor kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan siswa di kelas II.C pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SDN 1 WONOGIRI, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan siswa kelas II.C pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesisa dan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor penyebab kesulitan membaca permulaan siswa kelas II.C pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesi SDN 1 WONOGIRI. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, informen penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II.C. Ada pun alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan (verifikasi). Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, analisis kesulitan belajar membaca permulaan yang dialami siswa kelas II.C pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia adalah analisis kesulitan siswa mengeja huruf menjadi suku kata, analisis kesulitan siswa mengeja suku kata menjadi kata dan analisis kesulitan siswa membedakan huruf b-d, p-q. Dan faktor kedua yang menyulitkan siswa dalam belajar membaca pada awal kelas II.C adalah mata. Kursus bahasa Indonesia di SDN 1 WONOGIRI yaitu Faktor yang pertama adalah siswa itu sendiri, yaitu  fisik, intelektual, minat, motivasi, faktor kedua adalah kurangnya guru dalam pengelolaan kelas efisiensi dan faktor ketiga dalam keluarga adalah kurangnya dukungan terhadap anak di rumah.

 Kata kunci: Kesulitan dalam belajar, mulai membaca
Media Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SD Di Era Digital
Authors: Puspita Sari Esi
Published: February 2024

Education is very important in the development of children`s knowledge and insight. Education is a conscious effort in the process of changing a person`s attitude, the knowledge possessed by each individual, both his knowledge and the things he does in his life to be better than his thoughts and attitudes through teaching and training efforts. Moreover, the education of elementary school-age children in this era of digital development. The developing digital era has indeed utilized in education as a means and infrastructure for pasticipation between teachers and students. Then social science is needed for students in social life and socializing as well as adapting to the surrounding environment. Moral attitudes need to be taught from an early age so that children can face the problems they will face later. The method in this study uses the library study method. Elementary Indonesian language subjects relate to 4 aspects, namely listening, speaking, writing and reading. Elementary school Indonesian language learning requires learning media that supports teaching and learning. Digital-based learning media can help teachers and facilitate student learning.
Upaya Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Di SD Negeri 1 Wonoboyo
Authors: Setya Permana Kondang
Published: February 2024

In the context of student autonomous learning, one of the teacher`s efforts is to prioritize autonomy. This research aims to reveal the efforts of 4,444 teachers in encouraging student learning independence at SD Negeri 1 WONOBOYO. Specifically, this research aims to describe teachers' efforts to increase academic independence among students at SD Negeri 1 WONONOYO and students at SD Negeri 1 WONOBOYO. The approach used in this research is qualitative, with a descriptive type of research. Data collection was carried out using observation and interview techniques. Observation techniques are carried out on as many students as possible. To observe the learning independence of students in the upper class, 18 students were randomly selected, and interview techniques were carried out on 9 class teachers in the upper class. All data is then processed through qualitative data analysis steps, namely data reduction, data modeling (data visualization), drawing/verifying argument conclusions and percentages. Based on the results of data analysis, the following research conclusions can be drawn. First, teachers use many teaching methods. Second, teachers foster a sense of enjoyment in learning, including by playing, praising and giving prizes. Three teachers used learning resources using the environment, the internet and teaching materials available at school. The fourth group, totaling 4,444 teachers, promoted learning in the form of lectures, stories and questions and answers.