bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five years old children at tertiary hospital in Mogadishu Somalia
Authors: AHMED YONIS ABDULLAHI , Roble Miski Abdullahi , Qalif Yasser , Qalif Yasser , Adan Aisha Mohamed , Ahmed Fardawsa Hassan , Yasar Mehmet Zaki , Ali Amal Abdullahi
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old. Despite advancements in medical science, the disease remains a significant public health concern particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children at a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, to contribute to the formulation of effective intervention strategies.
Methods
A hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2024. A sample size of 384 children was determined using the Cochran formula. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with caregivers and review of medical records using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated sources. Data were analysed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with chi-square tests. Variables with P<0.2 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to adjust for confounders. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result
Overall, data of 356 children under 5 years were analysed. The majority comprised children aged 1 month-1 year (n=121,34.0%). The prevalence of pneumonia was 42.1%. Nearly half of the children had not been vaccinated, and aspiration incidents were reported in 19.9% of cases. Children of less than one month (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI:1.59-3.58, p<0.1001), and those aged >1-2 years (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.31-2.74, p=0.001), >3-4 years (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.24-1.80, p=0.003), and >4-5 years (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.19-3.00, p=0.007) had a significantly higher risk of paediatric pneumonia. Furthermore, unvaccinated children (AOR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.60-0.99, p=0.048), and allergic disease in the family (AOR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.58-0.96, p=0.020) were significantly associated with paediatric pneumonia.
Conclusion
The study highlights the significant burden of pneumonia among children under five in Mogadishu and identifies key risk factors contributing to its prevalence. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including improved vaccination coverage, and enhanced caregiver education. Addressing these factors is crucial for reducing pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable.
Hydroxymethyl Lignin Capped Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing Ability
Authors: Madivoli Edwin , Kamau Kahinga , Kimani Paul Kinyanjui , Chika T.
Published: August 2024

Lignin (Lg) fractionation overcomes the limitations of the heterogeneous nature of lignin. In this study, the effects of methanol fractionation on the thermal degradation, crystallinity, morphology and chemical structure of lignin and its application in hydrogen peroxide sensing were investigated. Lg was separated into low-molecular-weight lignin (LMwLg) and high-molecular-weight lignin (HMwLg) followed by modification to hydroxymethyl lignin, which reduced the silver ions to nanoparticles. The functional groups, crystallinity, thermal profile and morphology were subsequently investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry, powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. LMwLg was found to be crystalline and highly hygroscopic and had four thermal degradation stages, while HMwLg had several degradation stages and was amorphous. The sharp peaks in the LMwLg diffractogram were characteristic of sodium, while those in the AgNP-HMwLg diffractogram were characteristic of AgNPs, as evidenced by the SPR peak at 428 nm, whose intensity decreased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, compared with pristine lignin, AgNP-HMwLg exhibited greater inhibitory activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis with inhibition zones of 10.67 ± 0.58, 11.50 ± 0.00, 10.33 ± 0.58, and 8.33 ± 0.57 cm, respectively. In conclusion, AgNP-HMwLg contained hydrogen peroxide in solution and inhibited the growth of selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Micro-Analysis of	Unipolar Induction: Experiments with Multiple Magnet System
Authors: Chhotray Sushant Kumar
Published: August 2024

The Faraday paradox, originating from the age-old unipolar induction experiment, challenges established principles of electromagnetic induction. Two conflicting hypotheses—the M and N hypotheses—compete to elucidate this enigma. While the former suggests that magnetic flux rotates with the magnet, the latter contends that flux remains stationary. Intriguingly, experimental evidence supports both theories. This study aims to enhance understanding of the unipolar theory by leveraging the flux-cutting law of electromagnetic induction. Key concepts, including magnetic domain theory, relative angular velocity, and the flux-cutting rule, will be outlined, along with an analysis of unipolar induction results. The measurement circuit, or external circuit, is part of the closed circuit and interacts with the magnetic field to induce electromotive force, which is included in the analysis. A novel experiment utilizing multiple magnets, collectively equivalent to a single magnet, is devised and executed to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of unipolar induction. The seat of electromotive force is localized in the circuit under study, and its dynamic behavior is found to be instrumental in explaining the outcomes of unipolar induction. This study also highlights the paradoxical nature of Faraday's experiment, the contrasting hypotheses, the experimental outcomes, and the role of the flux cutting rule in resolving the conundrum.
Contribuição dos programas de compliance nas iniciativas de ESG em três Cooperativas do Sistema Unimed
Authors: Brizolla Maria Margarete Baccin , Salla Neusa Maria da Costa Gonçalves , Grassel Lisandro Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

As práticas de ESG enfatizam a governança na estrutura da entidade e os impactos sociais e ambientais nos negócios, reduzindo o custo de responsabilidades futuras devido a ações de execução, reivindicações legais e outros eventos de riscos negativos. Diante disso, as organizações precisam adequar seu negócio para promover uma governança corporativa preocupada com os impactos ambientais gerados por suas atividades, promovendo o desenvolvimento social, materializando essa intenção em boas práticas de gestão contemplando tais fatores, associados ao Compliance. Este estudo analisa como os programas de compliance contribuem com implantação das práticas de ESG (ambientais, sociais, governança) em cooperativas de saúde, por meio da pesquisa descritiva e documental, com abordagem do problema qualitativo. Para analisar os dados, empregou-se a técnica de análise descritiva dos programas de compliance e relatórios de governança e sustentabilidade das cooperativas de saúde. Evidências indicam que a presença de mecanismos de governança organizacional mais efetivos na gestão das cooperativas. Nota-se que as cooperativas investigadoas desenvolvem ações de gerenciamento que vão além do cumprimento da lei e da maximização da riqueza para os cooperados e para a sociedade. Destaca-se que o uso dos programas de compliance, fortalecem as ações de ESG, evidenciando que os princípios e valores cooperativistas, os mecanismos de governança organizacional, a ética, gestão de riscos, melhoria contínua dos controles internos e seus valores, atuam de forma direta e combinada para o alcance da sustentabilidade, melhorando a transparência nas ações da gestão.
Collection and management of Ziswaf for the prosperity of the ummah
Authors: Muqorobin Ahmad , Urrosyidin Mohammad Syifa
Published: August 2024

One of Ziswaf’s goals in Islam is to contribute to creating people’s welfare and alleviating poverty. This study examines the strategy for collecting and managing Ziswaf funds at the BaitulQur’an Social Fund Institution (LDSBQ), which has a vision and mission based on Islamic sharia and aims to prosper the ummah.The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods, while instruments in data collection use interviews, observation, and documentation. Sources are taken from various references related to the problem topic, namely journals, books, and other articles. The result of this study shows the three main programs of LDSBQ. First, Scholar Smileengaged in education. Second, Healthy Smileoperates in the health sector. Third, Independent Smile is a movement for community independence in the economic field, supported by socio-religious activities such as waqf and da’wah programs. This research has implications for the fundraising strategy of Gontor.Meanwhile, the fundraising strategy uses a potential network of guardians of students and teachers, a network of Gontor alumni colleagues with a movement based on the real sector, and community social activities that can have a significant impact on the welfare of the ummah to get happiness in the world and the hereafter.Keywords: Ziswaf; social institution; collection; management; welfare of the ummah.
Constructing the image of the USSR in traditional media (on the example of Argumenty i Fakty): Experience of statistical and qualitative analysis of communication strategies
Authors:   Saratov State University, Suslov Ivan V. , Tikhonova Sof’ya V. ,   Saratov State University, Balash Vladimir A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: August 2024

The article defines the communication strategies of creating the image of the USSR on the basis of statistical and qualitative analysis of the Argumenty i Fakty content. The empirical basis of the article is based on the material of the newspaper published from 1992 to 2022. The use of statistical methods to analyze all issues (by continuous sampling) made it possible to identify the range of articles that mention the lexemes “USSR”, “Soviet Union”, “Union Soviet”, “country Soviet”. Communication strategies are determined by analyzing the frequency of mentioning certain word forms in the media content. The use of the thematic modeling algorithm, namely, the method of machine learning allowed us to analyze the corpus of documents, to detect patterns of words and phrases that occur most often and thus characterize the content of Argumenty i Fakty, and to automatically group articles in which terms close in meaning occur. Thus, 5757 articles were classified and 95 clusters were identified, which in turn were reduced to 16 large thematic blocks: sports, cinema, economy, music, memory, ideology, politics, education, space, debts and credits, products, man, war in Afghanistan, intelligence, atomic project. The most prominent images of the USSR in the newspaper Argumenty i Fakty appear to be the following: the winner in World War II and the geopolitical rival of the USA in the Cold War. Statistical analysis of the articles proves the importance of the Soviet experience for understanding Russia’s domestic and foreign policy. Qualitative discourse analysis shows the prevalence of positive representation of the Soviet era, which allows to label the USSR as a significant “other” for contemporary Russia. Argumenty i Fakty is characterized as an important agent/subject of the contemporary politics of symbolic identification. Keywords: image of the USSR, quantitative content analysis, Argumenty i Fakty, traditional media, communication strategies.
Mitigating the after-effect of climate-induced disaster through energy dissipation using stepped storm waterway in hilly roads
Authors: Mishra Ritusnata , Ojha C. S. P.
Published: August 2024

The current research examines the after-effects of climate-induced disasters in India's Himalayan region, as well as the consequences of highway damage. To avoid the damages caused by heavy rain, cloudbursts, and landslides, a design of stepped storm waterway downstream of the underpass rainwater drainage is recommended to overcome such failure in highway design. As a result, an experimental model study was carried out on a stepped channel for a slope of 26.6° with two specific widths. The slope is chosen as it is close to the ideal slope based on the literature. The present research evaluates several characteristics such as the behaviour of flow at different locations (jet length and pool depths), air–water flow properties (air concentration), and energy dissipation efficiency. Different aerated flow depths have been studied to understand their effects on aeration, as well as on energy dissipation. The outcomes showed that the wider channel has a relatively higher energy dissipation efficiency. This outcome could help in modifying the existing storm waterway by widening the channel to facilitate huge runoff during bad climatic conditions. Finally, a multi-nonlinear regression expression is proposed to predict energy dissipation by taking into consideration channel geometry and inflow condition.
ARIMA-Based forecasting of monthly rainfall in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Aashish , Singh Kanwarpreet
Published: August 2024

To anticipate monthly rainfall time series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling was performed using R studio. For a period of 30 years, the monthly rainfall data (in mm) were gathered for eight localities in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh: Bharol, Chachiyot, Jogindernagar, Karsog, Kataula, Mandi, Sarkaghat, and Sundernagar. The augmented Dickey–Fuller test was performed to determine whether the rainfall data were steady before applying the ARIMA model. The minimal values of the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, autocorrelation function, and partial autocorrelation function were used to select the best models. The best fit was determined to be ARIMA (0,0,2) (2,1,0)12 for five stations and ARIMA (0,0,0) (1,1,0)12 for the remaining three stations. A box test is performed to validate the ARIMA model and verify the autocorrelation in the data. Using the ARIMA model, forecasts are made for the 10 years (2021–2030). The validity and performance of the ARIMA models were evaluated using error statistics (mean absolute error = 34.65, root-mean-square error = 33.58, and R2 = 0.93). The projected data's mean and standard deviation were close to the actual data. As a result, the ARIMA model's monthly rainfall prediction parameters were satisfactory.
Eigen-6c4 Gravity and Alos Palsar Radar Data Integration for Delineating Geological Lineaments in North Ghadames Basin, NW Libya
Authors: Trepil Fouzie , Muztaza Nordiana Mohd , Abir Ismail Ahmad , Saleem Mohamed , Abuwoden Isa , Adewumi Taiwo
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The ambiguity regarding the geological interpretation has the potential to be significantly decreased with the use of remote sensing, geophysical data, and the history of geology.

Aims

The objective of this work is to delineate geological lineaments and faults using EIGEN-6C4 satellite gravity and ALOS PALSAR radar data in the north Ghadames basin, of northwest Libya.

Methods

The satellite gravity dataset of the study region was used to perform a complete Bouguer anomaly map of the study area to start the gravity interpretation. Then different filters were performed on the gravity dataset, such as the total horizontal gradient (THG), CET grid analysis, 3-dimensional Euler solution (ED), and a tilt derivative (TDR) using the commercial Oasis Montaj programme. The techniques of edge identification (THG, TDR, and also CET grid analysis) are utilised for locating and identifying the boundaries or edges of geological structures that contribute to gravity anomalies. The 3-dimensional Euler solution, in conjunction with the TDR method, is employed to precisely figure out the positions and estimated depths associated with subsurface sources. Radiometric calibration, speckle filtering, and geometric correction were applied to preprocess the ALOS PALSAR L 1.1 image via the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software. For automatic extraction, the PCI Geomatica software's LINE module was applied.

Results

The gravity data results indicate that the main trends of the identified geological lineaments are oriented in the North-South, East-West, Northwest-Southeast, and North-Northwest to South-Southeast directions. Furthermore, the depths of the sources observed underneath the study region differ from 250 m to 2750 m. The orientation of extracted lineaments from the ALOS PALSAR L1.1 images, specifically the horizontal-horizontal as well as horizontal-vertical polarisation images, predominantly have orientations in the north-south, north-northeast to south-southwest, east-west, north-northwest to south-southeast, and northeast-southwest directions within the study area.

Conclusion

All these findings of lineaments are associated with the tectonic features of the area. Consequently, identifying these lineaments/faults is important to reduce the ambiguity of geological interpretation and provide more information on the dominant trends for future exploration activities in the study region.
Impactos negativos y positivos del cambio climático sobre los manglares: las dos caras de una costosa moneda
Authors: Gómez Ruiz Pilar Angélica
Published: August 2024

Los manglares son uno de los ecosistemas más vulnerables y amenazados por los impactos asociados al cambio climático. Su ubicación en la zona costera de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta los hace testigos en primera línea de los efectos provocados por diversos factores de presión, los cuales se han exacerbado de forma acelerada en los últimos años, como el aumento de la temperatura terrestre y superficial del mar, la frecuencia de eventos climáticos extremos, y del nivel del mar. En el futuro, la magnitud de los impactos no será uniforme a escala global, tampoco la respuesta de las especies de manglar, que depende del contexto geomorfológico y también de la distribución espacial de estos factores y las interacciones entre ellos. Esta respuesta variable también está influenciada por aspectos más locales como el hidroperiodo, las características del suelo, las interacciones ecológicas y por las actividades antrópicas que están causando la degradación de los manglares y que reducen su resiliencia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir los cambios y respuestas que se podrían observar en los manglares por causa del cambio climático y presentar algunas evidencias para algunas regiones de México; finalmente se hacen sugerencias de algunas áreas donde se puede incrementar o fortalecer la investigación en el país, pues es necesario incrementar el conocimiento y usarlo para desarrollar estrategias de evaluación y monitoreo a nivel local, regional y nacional que permitan tomar decisiones más acertadas para el manejo y uso del ecosistema a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Pembelajaran Sejarah Terintegrasi Nilai-Nilai Falsafah Piil Pesenggiri Sebagai Wujud Menjaga Eksistensi Kearifan Lokal Lampung
Authors: Meihan Andre Mustofa
Published: August 2024

Piil Pesenggiri merupakan sebuah falsafah hidup orang lampung yang menjadi aturan ataupun norma di dalam masyarakat lampung sebagai mahluk sosial. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana Pembelajaran Sejarah terintegrasi nilai-nilai falsafah Piil Pesenggiri sebagai wujud menjaga eksistensi kearifan lokal Lampung. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, akan dilakukan sebuah eksplorasi dan evaluasi berbagai buku, jurnal, catatan-catatan, dan sumber-sumber literatur yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Data-data yang berhasil dikumpulkan dari sumber-sumber utama maupun sekunder ini akan dianalisis secara cermat sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Berdasarkan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sejarah terintegrasi nilai-nilai falsafah Piil Pesenggiri sebagai wujud menjaga eksistensi kearifan lokal Lampung dapat dilakukan dengan cara: 1) Menyusun sebuah perencanaan pembelajaran (RPP) Sejarah yang terintergrasi nilai-nilai Piil Pesenggiri; 2) Memberikan proyek/tugas yang menanamkan nilai-nilai falsafah Piil Pesengiri dalam pembelajaran sejarah; 3) Melakukan evaluasi dan refleksi terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang terintegrasi nilai-nilai falsafah Piil Pesenggiri.
Analisis Pengaruh Rebranding Gedung dan Service Excellent Terhadap Citra Positif PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung KCP Kota Agung
Authors: Ilham Naufal Fallah , Kartika Tina , Wardhani Andy Corry
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya rebranding gedung dan service excellent dalam rangka meningkatkan citra positif perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Rebranding Gedung dan Service Excellent Terhadap Citra Positif PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung Kantor Cabang Pembantu Kota Agung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey,  pengumpulan  data  penelitian  dengan  menggunakan  kuesioner yang disebar melalui google form. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh nasabah PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung Kantor Cabang Pembantu Kota Agung. Sampel Penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang nasabah yang dipilih dengan cara purposive sampling berdasarkan database nasabah. Instrumen yang digunakan telah dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner, angket, dan wawancara. Data yang terkumpul di analisis dengan uji asumsi klasik dan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan 1) Terdapat Pengaruh yang Positif dan Signifikan Rebranding Gedung Terhadap Citra Positif PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung Kantor Cabang Pembantu Kota Agung, 2) Terdapat Pengaruh yang Positif dan Signifikan Service Excellent Terhadap Citra Positif PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung Kantor Cabang Pembantu Kota Agung, dan 3) Terdapat Pengaruh yang Positif dan Signifikan  secara bersama-sama Rebranding Gedung dan Service Excellent  Terhadap Citra Positif PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Lampung Kantor Cabang Pembantu Kota Agung. Temuan penelitian ini mengisyaratkan jika perusahan ingin meningkatkan citra positif maka perlu juga meningkatkan rebranding gedung dan service excellent.
Dampak Kemunculan LMSD sebagai Media Hiburan pada Generasi Milenial (Perbedaan Generasi menurut Neil Howe dan William Strauss)
Authors: Wisnuyana Biandro , Saka Putri Ananda
Published: August 2024

Hadirnya Layanan Media Streaming Digital (LMSD) di tengah eksisnya tayangan-tayangan televisi (TV) konvensional menambah opsi hiburan bagi masyarakat khususnya Generasi Y (milenial) yang lahir dalam rentang tahun 1982 hingga 2000. LMSD merupakan suatu media hiburan yang tergolong baru jika dibandingkan dengan TV Konvensional yang sudah ada sejak tahun 1950-an di Indonesia. Penyedia LMSD di Indonesia saat ini masih didominasi oleh berbagai platform hiburan online seperti Netflix, Iflix, Spotify, Joox, dan lain sebagainya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji alasan generasi milenial dalam menggunakan LMSD serta dampak positif dan negatif apa yang mereka rasakan ketika menggunakan media tersebut. Data di dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui metode kualitatif dengan wawancara kepada 10 orang narasumber yang tergolong ke dalam generasi milenial pada wilayah Kota Surabaya dan Sidoarjo. Guna mendukung data lapangan yang didapatkan, peneliti juga menggunakan data pendukung dari berbagai literatur ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan topik bahasan. Berdasarkan data yang telah dikumpulkan dan dianalisis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa generasi milenial sangat menggemari LMSD karena dianggap sebagai media hiburan yang variatif, praktis, simpel, dan fleksibel. Akan tetapi, kemunculan LMSD sebagai media hiburan memiliki dampak negatif yang berimplikasi serius bagi kehidupan generasi milenial seperti menimbulkan efek kecanduan hingga menurunkan daya sosialisasi  maupun literasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu pendekatan serius baik dari kalangan pemangku kebijakan maupun individu pengguna untuk membatasi penggunaan LMSD pada tataran yang diperlukan.
Bantu Pengembangan Desa Bersama Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) di Desa Grinting
Authors: Purnomo Halim , Sairin Sjafri , Samidjo Gatot Supangkat , Widodo Aris Slamet , Nurjanah Adhianty , Rouzi Kana Safrina
Published: August 2024

Desa Grinting merupakan desa yang cukup cocok untuk bercocok tanam.  Daun kelor atau Moringa oleifera merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai segudang manfaat. Karena keberagaman manfaatnya ini di Desa Grinting terdapat sebuah UMKM di kalangan Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) di Desa Grinting yang mengembangkan produk daun kelor. Daun kelor di sini diolah dan dibuat menjadi berbagai jenis produk makanan yang lezat. Adapun makanan yang diolah dari bahan daun kelor adalah keripik daun kelor, teh daun kelor dan kue basah daun kelor. Selain dari UMKM daun kelor tersebut, terdapat juga banyak UMKM lainnya. Namun sayangnya dalam pelaksanaannya, UMKM yang berada di Desa Grinting belum memanfaatkan metode pemasaran yang berbasis digital secara optimal.  Sebagian besar para pelaku UMKM masih menggunakan metode pemasaran offline sehingga lingkup pemasaran poduk belum seluas pemasaran yang dilakukan secara online. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk pendampingan dan membantu pengembangan pemasaran online pada pelaku UMKM di kalangan Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) di Desa Grinting.
Changes in knowledge of mothers who have stunting and not stunting toddlers using booklet, flipchart and poster media
Authors: Simanungkalit Sintha Fransiske , Simanjorang Chandrayani , Wahyuningsih Utami , Sofianita Nur Intania
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: According to 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia increased in 2010 from 35.6% to 37.2% in 2013 and in 2018 it decreased to 30.8%% (1). Research in Dakar, Senegal found that 45% of stunted children came from mothers who had insufficient nutritional knowledge in a group of mothers who did not receive nutritional education (2). Mothers who were given nutritional intervention experienced changes in knowledge and practice in providing food sources of protein and calories. Posters as a media for nutrition education provide changes in knowledge for mothers (3) (4). Booklets, posters and calendars are print media that are often used to convey health education (5).

Objectives: The aim of this research defined the difference mothers’knowledge who have stunted and non-stunting toddlers when given booklets, calendars and posters.

Methods: This research used a quasi-experimental study and the Wilcoxon test. The inclusion criteria in this study were mothers aged 20-35 years, having children under five, actively participating in Posyandu and willing to take part in research activities for 1 year. The mother's research exclusion criteria were moving from Pasir Putih Subdistrict and not attending Posyandu for 3 consecutive months. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling where maternal data is obtained from attendance at the Posyandu in each RW. Before the research was carried out, the research questionnaire went through a validity and reliability testing stage using computer software.

Results: There was a difference in mothers' knowledge before and after being given nutrition education using booklet (pvalue 0.000), using calendar (pvalue 0.000) and using poster media (pvalue 0.000).

Conclusions: Nutrition education effectively used as promotive efforts on mother in the prevention of stunting, it can be seen from the improvement of knowledge and nutritional intake before and after being given education
The potential of pisang raja as a functional food in reducing body mass index and fat percent in hypertension patients
Authors: Prapdika Sari Sophia Denta , Nurwati Ida , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Latar Belakang: Pangan fungsional merupakan satu atau lebih komponen makanan dengan nutrisi penting untuk pertumbuhan atau perkembangan tubuh. Pisang merupakan contoh pangan fungsional dengan kandungan kalium, serat dan pati resisten yang dapat membantu terapi pasien hipertensi.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pisang raja terhadap IMT dan persen lemak tubuh dengan intervensi pemberian buah pisang yang berbeda.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-post test with control group dengan subjek penderita hipertensi yang mengikuti posbindu dan bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Klaten. Subjek dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu K-, K+, I1, dan I2 dan dilakukan penelitian selama 14 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 26 dan dikatakan signifikan apabila p<0,05.

Hasil: Setelah 14 hari, terjadi penurunan IMT secara signifikan pada kelompok K+, I1 dan I2. Pada kelompok K+ dan I2 setelah 14 hari mengalami penurunan persen lemak tubuh secara signifikan.

Kesimpulan: Pemberian pisang raja sebanyak 1x per hari atau 2x per hari dapat menurunkan IMT secara signifikan. Pemberian pisang raja sebanyak 1x per hari tidak dapat menurunkan persen lemak tubuh secara signifikan dan pemberikan pisang raja sebanyak 2x per hari dapat menurunkan persen lemak tubuh secara signifikan.

Kata kunci : Pangan Fungsional, Hipertensi, Indeks Massa Tubuh, Persen Lemak Tubuh.
Potential of avocado oil (Persea americana) in improving triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels in rats (Rattus novergicus) model of dyslipidaemia due to high fat diet
Authors: Sari Eka Puspita , Wasita Brian , Muthmainah Muthmainah
Published: August 2024

Background: Elevated levels of Dyslipidaemia pose a significant threat to cardiovascular health. Fortunately, the abundance of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) present in avocado oil offers a promising avenue for individuals with Dyslipidaemia to improve their lipid profile levels.

Objectives: The objective of this research is to ascertain the potential of avocado oil in improving triglyceride and HDL levels.

Methods: A pre-post test control group design was employed, utilizing male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks with a body weight ranging from 150-200 g. The mice were segregated into six groups: N, K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3. Throughout the trial, solely group N abstained from ingesting avocado oil or HC. Conversely, all other groups were administered HC and subsequently, K+ was prescribed simvastatin while P1, P2 and P3 received avocado oil for a duration of 28 days. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS vr.25. The statistical significance threshold was set at p<0.05.

Results: Mean changes in levels (mg/dL) for TG -29.67 (P1), -48.99 (P2), -56.78 (P3) and for HDL 41.75 (P1), 46.35 (P2). There was a significant difference in TG and HDL levels between P1, P2, P3 when compared with K- (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Avocado oil exhibits efficacy in lowering TG levels and elevating HDL levels, rendering it a viable option for daily consumption.
Serum calcium as a candidate marker in detecting stunting in toddler
Authors: Flora Rostika , Zulkarnain Mohammad , Febri Fatmalina , Yuliana Indah , Tanjung Risnawati , Martini Sri , Aguscik Aguscik
Published: August 2024

Background: Monitoring the nutritional status of toddlers is a very important thing to do. Calcium is one of the blood parameters that can be assessed, because calcium deficiency will affect the child's linear growth. So far, monitoring of nutritional status is only based on anthropometry and is not followed by assessment of blood parameters. Objectives: This study aims to measure serum calcium levels as a candidate marker in detecting stunting in toddlers.

Method: The design of this research is cross sectional with 62 samples of toddlers aged 2-5 years. Data on sample characteristics was obtained through a questionnaire, as for serum calcium levels measurement, venous blood samples were taken and measured with the colorimetric method. The incidence of stunting is obtained based on TB/U measurements and Z-score was calculated using Anthro 1.02 software. Data were then analyzed univariately (frequency distribution) and bivariately (independent t-test and chi-square) using SPSS version 22.

Results: Based on anthropometric measurements, it was found that 21 (33.9%) toddlers had stunting, 28 (45.1%) toddlers had low Serum calcium levels and the majority of toddlers (54.9%) had normal serum calcium levels. There was no significant difference (p=0.989) in mean serum calcium levels between stunting and non-stunting toddlers (1.961 ± 0.223 µq/dL vs 1.960 ± 0.175 µq/dL). Bivariate results also showed that there was no significant relationship (p=0.414) between serum calcium levels and the incidence of stunting.

Conclusion: Measuring serum calcium levels cannot be used as a candidate marker for detecting stunting in toddlers. Further research is needed with a larger number of samples and measurements of various parameters related to calcium balance.
The Unintended Consequences of Telehealth in Australia: Critical Interpretive Synthesis
Authors: Osman Sagda , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A , Luo Dan , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite more than 2 decades of telehealth use in Australia and the rapid uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about its unintended consequences beyond its planned and intended outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this review was to synthesize evidence on the unintended consequences of telehealth use in Australia to clarify its impact beyond its planned and intended outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a search of 4 electronic databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, and Scopus. A critical interpretive synthesis approach was adopted for its flexibility and interpretive nature. We extracted data about study characteristics and the types and models of telehealth services. The extracted unintended consequences were coded and mapped into the domains and dimensions of the Australian Health Performance Framework.

Results

Of the 4241 records identified by the search, 94 (2.22%) studies were eligible for data extraction and analysis. Of these 94 studies, 23 (24%) reported largely positive unintended consequences of telehealth associated with health status, while 6 (6%) noted a potential negative impact of telehealth on socioeconomic status. The findings of 4 (4%) of the 94 studies highlighted societal and financial consequences of telehealth beyond the health system. Almost all studies (93/94, 99%) reported unintended consequences under the 5 dimensions of the Australian Health Performance Framework.

Conclusions

Our synthesis offers a framework for understanding the unintended consequences of the use of telehealth as an alternative to in-person care in Australia. While we have documented many unintended benefits of telehealth use, our findings also shed light on many challenges of delivering care via telehealth across different domains and dimensions. These findings hold significant practice and policy-making implications for ensuring safe and high-quality care delivery via telehealth.
Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Medical Oncology Setting (the iPROMOS Study): Type II Hybrid Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Roberts Natasha Anne , Pelecanos Anita , Alexander Kimberly , Wyld David , Janda Monika
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Clinical trials have demonstrated that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can improve mortality and morbidity outcomes when used in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to prospectively investigate the implementation of PROMs in routine oncology. Outcomes measured included improved symptom detection, clinical response to symptom information, and health service outcomes.

METHODS

Two of 12 eligible clinics were randomized to implement symptom PROMs in a medical oncology outpatient department in Australia. Randomization was carried out at the clinic level. Patients in control clinics continued with usual care; those in intervention clinics completed a symptom PROM at presentation. This was a pilot study investigating symptom detection, using binary logistic models, and clinical response to PROMs investigated using multiple regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 461 patient encounters were included, consisting of 242 encounters in the control and 222 in the intervention condition. Patients in these clinics most commonly had head and neck, lung, prostate, breast, or colorectal cancer and were seen in the clinic for surveillance and oral or systemic treatments for curative, metastatic, or palliative cancer care pathways. Compared with control encounters, the proportion of symptoms detected increased in intervention encounters (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.99-1.11; P=.08). The odds of receiving supportive care, demonstrated by nonroutine allied health review, increased in the intervention compared with control encounters (odds ratio 3.54, 95% CI 1.26-9.90; P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of PROMs in routine care did not significantly improve symptom detection but increased the likelihood of nonroutine allied health reviews for supportive care. Larger studies are needed to investigate health service outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000398202; https://tinyurl.com/3cxbemy4
Hospitalizations for Food-Induced Anaphylaxis Between 2016 and 2021: Population-Based Epidemiologic Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Hernandez-Barrera Valentin , Zamorano-Leon Jose J , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad , de Miguel-Diez Javier , del-Barrio Jose L , Jimenez-Sierra Ana , Carabantes-Alarcon David
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is a major public health problem resulting in serious clinical complications, emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the epidemiology and the trends in hospitalizations because of FIA in Spain between 2016 and 2021.

METHODS

An observational descriptive study was conducted using data from the Spanish National Hospital discharge database. Information was coded based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. The study population was analyzed by gender and age group and according to food triggers, clinical characteristics, admission to the intensive care unit, severity, and in-hospital mortality. The annual incidence of hospitalizations because of FIA per 100,000 person-years was estimated and analyzed using Poisson regression models. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to identify which variables were associated with severe FIA.

RESULTS

A total of 2161 hospital admissions for FIA were recorded in Spain from 2016 to 2021. The overall incidence rate was 0.77 cases per 100,000 person-years. The highest incidence was found in those aged <15 years (3.68), with lower figures among those aged 15 to 59 years (0.25) and ≥60 years (0.29). Poisson regression showed a significant increase in incidence from 2016 to 2021 only among children (3.78 per 100,000 person-years vs 5.02 per 100,000 person-years; P=.04). The most frequent food triggers were “milk and dairy products” (419/2161, 19.39% of cases) and “peanuts or tree nuts and seeds” (409/2161, 18.93%). Of the 2161 patients, 256 (11.85%) were hospitalized because FIA required admission to the intensive care unit, and 11 (0.51%) patients died in the hospital. Among children, the most severe cases of FIA appeared in patients aged 0 to 4 years (40/99, 40%). Among adults, 69.4% (111/160) of cases occurred in those aged 15 to 59 years. Multivariable logistic regression showed the variables associated with severe FIA to be age 15 to 59 years (odds ratio 5.1, 95% CI 3.11-8.36), age ≥60 years (odds ratio 3.87, 95% CI 1.99-7.53), and asthma (odds ratio 1.71,95% CI 1.12-2.58).

CONCLUSIONS

In Spain, the incidence of hospitalization because of FIA increased slightly, although the only significant increase (P=.04) was among children. Even if in-hospital mortality remains low and stable, the proportion of severe cases is high and has not improved from 2016 to 2021, with older age and asthma being risk factors for severity. Surveillance must be improved, and preventive strategies must be implemented to reduce the burden of FIA.
Patterns of the Health and Economic Burden of 33 Rare Diseases in China: Nationwide Web-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Jiazhou , Chen Shanquan , Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Shuyang , Dong Dong
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Rare diseases (RDs) affect millions of individuals collectively worldwide, contributing to significant burdens on patients and families in various aspects. However, there is a lack of evidence on the underlying patterns of burdens among diverse RDs for informing targeted social and health policies to address the unmet needs of this vulnerable population.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the underlying patterns of the health and economic burden of 33 different RDs in China and identify the potential determinants.

METHODS

A nationwide internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in China between 2019 and 2020. Physical and mental health burden was measured by health-related quality of life. Economic burden was evaluated based on the proportions of direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs relative to household income. We used cluster analysis to identify patterns of health and economic burdens and conducted multinomial logistic regression to explore potential predictors of cluster membership.

RESULTS

The study included 8454 adults and 8491 children affected by 33 RDs. The following 3 clusters were identified: “extremely high burden” (representing 92/8454, 1.1% and 19/8491, 0.2% of adult and pediatric patients, respectively), “overall high burden” (5933/8454, 70.2% and 4864/8491, 57.3%, respectively), and “overall low burden” (2429/8454, 28.7% and 3608/8491, 42.5%, respectively). Wilson disease, Marfan syndrome, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis more likely resulted in an “extremely high burden” than others. Poverty was significantly associated with being in this extremely high burden group. Diseases causing neuromuscular symptoms and requiring long-term treatment (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Dravet syndrome) were prevalent in the “overall high burden” group. Key predictors of this group included older age, lower socioeconomic status, diagnostic delay, and comorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides novel and valuable evidence on the burden of RDs in developing regions like China. The findings reveal significant disparities in the impact of RDs, emphasizing the need for targeted health care interventions and policies.
Predicting Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Below Screening Age Using Machine Learning and Real-World Data (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Chengkun , Mobley Erin , Quillen Michael , Parker Max , Daly Meghan , Wang Rui , Visintin Isabela , Awad Ziad , Fishe Jennifer , Parker Alexander , George Thomas , Bian Jiang , Xu Jie
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among young Americans. Accurate early prediction and a thorough understanding of the risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) are vital for effective prevention and treatment, particularly for patients below the recommended screening age.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to predict EOCRC using machine learning (ML) and structured electronic health record (EHR) data for individuals under the screening age of 45.

METHODS

We identified a cohort of patients under 45 from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium. Given the distinct pathology of colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC), we created separate prediction models for each cancer type with various ML algorithms. We assessed multiple prediction time windows (0, 1, 3, and 5 years) and ensured robustness through propensity score matching (PSM) to account for confounding variables. Model performance was assessed using established metrics. Additionally, we employed the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify risk factors for EOCRC.

RESULTS

Our study yielded results, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores of 0.811, 0.748, 0.689, and 0.686 for CC prediction, and 0.829, 0.771, 0.727, and 0.721 for RC prediction at 0, 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Notably, predictors included immune and digestive system disorders, along with secondary cancers and underweight, prevalent in both CC and RC groups. Blood diseases emerged as prominent indicators of CC.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the potential of ML techniques in leveraging EHR data to predict EOCRC, offering valuable insights for potential early diagnosis in patients who are below the recommended screening age.
Health in the digital age – What are you googling? Health-related Internet research and cyberchondria among adolescents (Preprint)
Authors: Jungmann Stefanie Maria , Dessauer Elena
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Health-related Internet searches are widespread among the general population. Cyberchondria, i.e., excessive health-related Internet research that leads to emotional stress, showed significant associations with personality traits on the one hand and psychological symptoms on the other (in particular health anxiety, problematic Internet use, compulsive behavior) in studies with adults. Although adolescents show a high level of Internet use and great interest in health topics, there has been little research into cyberchondria in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the role of cyberchondria in adolescents and its relationship with psychological traits (intolerance of uncertainty) and symptoms (health anxiety, problematic Internet use, and obsessive-compulsive behavior). It also examined whether intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relationship between cyberchondria and health anxiety.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online survey (including questionnaires on the relevant constructs) conducted between April and July 2023 involved N = 159 adolescents (14 - 17 years, mean 15.90, SD 0.88; 54% male, 45% female, 1% diverse).

RESULTS

83% of adolescents reported searching for health-related topics on the Internet. On average, they spent around 10 minutes daily on health-related Internet use (mean 8.68, SD 11.57) out a total average of 240 minutes per day online (mean = 238.30, SD = 103.84). Significant strong, positive correlations were found between cyberchondria and health anxiety (r=.54, P≤.001), problematic Internet use (r=.50, P≤.001), compulsive behavior (r=.47, P≤.001), and intolerance of uncertainty (r=.55, P≤.001). The moderation analysis showed a significant overall model with high variance explanation (∆R2= 8.08%, F3,155=38.26, P≤.001), but intolerance of uncertainty was not a significant moderator (∆R2˂.01%, F1,155= .79, P= .38, 95%, CI[-.01, .03]).

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that health-related Internet research in adolescence is of comparable importance to that in adulthood. Although the study does not allow any causal conclusions to be drawn, it identifies relevant characteristics (traits such as insecurity intolerance and psychological symptoms such as health anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior) that are associated with cyberchondria.