bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design guidelines for ultrashort pulse generation by a Mamyshev regenerator
Authors: Närhi Mikko , Fedotov Andrei , Aksenova Kseniia , Fiebrandt Julia , Schönau Thomas , Gerecke Mario , Gumenyuk Regina
Published: April 2021

We study numerically the possibility of using various gain-switched seed laser pulse parameters and fibers for a low-cost, all-fiber Mamyshev regenerator scheme. We find that for increasing pulse durations, sufficient spectral broadening will be difficult to achieve in practice and careful design of the system parameters is required for the regenerator to function. Furthermore, an optimal input peak power level can be defined for a given fiber and pulse duration that results from a balance of competing Kerr effect and stimulated Raman scattering. We also demonstrate experimental results of 3 ps pulse generation seeded by an 80 ps gain-switched diode. Our results pave the way for designing pulse-on-demand picosecond scale fiber sources for applications.
Single shot holographic super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Siegel Nisan , Brooker Gary
Published: April 2021

An exceptionally simple and versatile advance in super-resolution microscopy has been created by adding a new birefringent FINCH holographic lens system including an inexpensive uncooled CMOS camera to a standard microscope. Resolution, after only a single image capture, is equivalent to or better than other more complex popular methods such as SIM, Airyscan and a number of image scanning microscopy methods that boost resolution about two-fold. This new FINCH implementation uniquely works for any objective power and NA and is solid state, fast, and calibration-free. In addition to being as easy to operate and maintain as a standard fluorescence microscope, it can uniquely create super-resolved images with any type or wavelength of light including fluorescence, bioluminescence or reflected light because its principle depends only on emitted light from objects and requires no prior training or knowledge about the sample being imaged. This microscope technique increases the utility and availability of super-resolution microscopy for any user in any research lab.
Competition of quasi-cylindrical and surface waves excited at the femtosecond pulse effect on the metal
Authors: Danilov E. A. , Uryupin S. A.
Published: April 2021

Nonlinear generation of the quasi-cylindrical and surface waves in terahertz frequency domain under exposure of a femtosecond laser pulse focused into a strip on a metal was studied. Competition between generated waves is determined by the value of the product of electron collision frequency and laser pulse duration. Comparison of magnetic field pulses of the quasi-cylindrical and surface waves generated on the surface is given for gold, silver, and aluminum. It is shown that far from the focusing strip the surface wave pulse contains oscillations arising due to frequency dispersion.
Gaussian soft control-based quantum fan-out gate in ground-state manifolds of neutral atoms
Authors: Yin Hong-Da , Shao Xiao-Qiang
Published: April 2021

We propose a reliable scheme for one-step synthesizing of a quantum fan-out gate in a system of neutral atoms. By introducing the off-resonant driving fields with Gaussian temporal modulation, the dynamics of the system is strictly restricted to the ground-state subspace on the basis of unconventional Rydberg pumping, which exhibits more robustness than the constant driving method against the fluctuation of system parameters, such as operating time and environment noise. As a direct application of this quantum fan-out gate, we discuss in detail the preparation of multipartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state for neutral atoms. The result shows that a high fidelity better than 99% can be obtained within the state-of-the-art experiments.
Photonic Topological Materials: feature introduction
Authors: Ozawa Tomoki , El-Ganainy Ramy , Amo Alberto
Published: April 2021

An introduction is provided to the feature issue of Optical Materials Express on Photonic Topological Materials.
Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous knowledge and pharmacological activities
Authors: Vilharva Kellen Natalice , Leite Daniel Ferreira , Santos Helder Freitas dos , Antunes Katia Ávila , Rocha Paola dos Santos da , Campos Jaqueline Ferreira , Almeida Claudiane Vilharroel , Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues , Silva Denise Brentan , Ramalho de Oliveira Caio Fernando , dos Santos Edson Lucas , de Picoli Souza Kely
Published: April 2021

Zootherapy is a traditional secular practice among the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous ethnic group living in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. My people use the oil extracted from larvae of the snout beetle Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) to treat and heal skin wounds and respiratory diseases. Based on this ethnopharmacological knowledge, the chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties of R. palmarum larvae oil (RPLO) were investigated, as well as possible toxic effects, through in vitro and in vivo assays. The chemical composition of the RPLO was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of RPLO was investigated through the direct 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. The healing properties of RPLO were investigated by performing a cell migration assay using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and the toxicity was analyzed, in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model and MRC-5 cells, in vitro. RPLO contains 52.2% saturated fatty acids and 47.4% unsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic acid (42.7%) and oleic acid (40%) representing its major components, respectively. RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 46.15 mg.ml-1. The antimicrobial activity of RPLO was not observed at a concentration of 1% (v/v). RPLO did not alter the viability of MRC-5 cells and did not exert toxic effects on C. elegans. Furthermore, MRC-5 cells incubated with 0.5% RPLO showed a higher rate of cell migration than that of the control group, supporting its healing properties. Taken together, RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity and the potential to aid in the healing process and is not toxic toward in vitro and in vivo models, corroborating the safe use of the oil in traditional Guarani-Kaiowá medicine.
Turning value into action: Healthcare workers using digital media advocacy to drive change
Authors: Boeck Marissa A. , Juillard Catherine J. , Dicker Rochelle A. , Joseph Bellal A. , Sakran Joseph V.
Published: April 2021

Background

The standard method of sharing information in academia is the scientific journal. Yet health advocacy requires alternative methods to reach key stakeholders to drive change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of social media and public narrative for advocacy in matters of firearm-related injury and death.

Study design

The movement This Is Our Lane was evaluated through the #ThisIsOurLane and #ThisIsMyLane hashtags. Sources were assessed from November 2018 through March 2019. Analyses specifically examined message volume, time course, global engagement, and content across Twitter, scientific literature, and mass media. Twitter data were analyzed via Symplur Signals. Scientific literature reviews were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Mass media was compiled using Access World News/Newsbank, Newspaper Source, and Google.

Results

A total of 507,813 tweets were shared using #ThisIsOurLane, #ThisIsMyLane, or both (co-occurrence 21–39%). Fifteen scientific items and n = 358 mass media publications were published during the study period; the latter included articles, blogs, television interviews, petitions, press releases, and audio interviews/podcasts. Peak messaging appeared first on Twitter on November 10th, followed by mass media on November 12th and 20th, and scientific publications during December.

Conclusions

Social media enables clinicians to quickly disseminate information about a complex public health issue like firearms to the mainstream media, scientific community, and general public alike. Humanized data resonates with people and has the ability to transcend the barriers of language, culture, and geography. Showing society the reality of caring for firearm-related injuries through healthcare worker stories via digital media appears to be effective in shaping the public agenda and influencing real-world events.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penurunan Cakupan Imunisasi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta
Authors: Mukhi Sreshta , Medise Bernie Endyarni
Published: April 2021

Latar belakang. Pandemi Covid-19 sangat memengaruhi pelayanan imunisasi di seluruh dunia. Tenaga kesehatan dialihkan untuk pelayanan Covid-19 dan orangtua merasa takut membawa anaknya untuk imunisasi ke fasilitas kesehatan sehingga menurunkan cakupan imunisasi. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi akan meningkatkan kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara adalah kota dengan populasi terbesar dan juga kasus Covid-19 terbanyak di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan cakupan imunisasi di Jakarta dari sudut pandang orangtua dan tenaga kesehatan.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner disebarkan kepada tenaga kesehatan (dokter spesialis anak, dokter umum, perawat, bidan, kader) dan orangtua di Jakarta pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2020. Hasil di evaluasi menggunakan SPSS.Hasil. Sebanyak 125 tenaga kesehatan dan 145 orangtua mengikuti penelitian ini. Tenaga kesehatan menghadapi masalah seperti adanya peraturan pemerintah untuk menghentikan sementara pelayanan imunisasi, kurangnya alat pelindung diri (APD), tenaga kesehatan terinfeksi Covid-19 dan tenaga imunisasi dialihkan untuk pelayanan Covid-19. Masalah pada orangtua antara lain keraguan untuk membawa anaknya imunisasi karena takut tertular Covid-19 dari tenaga kesehatan ataupun pasien lain, Posyandu ditutup, adanya peraturan PSBB dan masalah transportasi.Kesimpulan. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 disebabkan oleh multi faktor yang harus diminimalisasi untuk mengurangi kejadian PD3I.
Peran Skor Kandida Sebagai Metode Diagnostik Kandidiasis Invasif Terhadap Neutropenia Berat pada Anak dengan Keganasan
Authors: Ratridewi Irene , Juwita Nanda , Putera Marvin Anthony , Nugroho Susanto
Published: April 2021

Latar belakang. Infeksi kandidiasis invasif meliputi infeksi aliran darah dan infeksi invasif dalam lainnya yang disebabkan oleh spesies Kandida dan merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang signifikan, khususnya pada pasien dengan status immunocompromised, seperti pada kondisi keganasan hematologis, kelainan limfoproliferatif, dan gangguan myeloproliferative.Tujuan. Menginvestigasi peran skor Kandida, dibandingkan dengan kultur darah dan PCR, sebagai alat diagnostik kandidiasis invasif pada pasien dengan neutropenia berat, khususnya pada kasus keganasan.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) untuk mendapatkan nilai area under curve (AUC). Berdasarkan kurva AUC kemudian dilakukan pencarian titik potong yang paling optimal untuk mendapatkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitasHasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua kelompok dengan kultur positif dan negatif tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan karakteristik jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan, status gizi, dan diagnosis klinis (uji Mann-Whitney, p>0,05).Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak didapatkan perbedaan pada sensitivitas dan spesifisitas skor Kandida dibandingkan dengan hasil kultur pada pada pasien anak dengan neutropenia berat.
Synergies and trade-offs between sanitation and the sustainable development goals
Authors: Parikh Priti , Diep Loan , Hofmann Pascale , Tomei Julia , Campos Luiza C. , Teh Tse-Hui , Mulugetta Yacob , Milligan Ben , Lakhanpaul Monica
Published: April 2021

To better leverage opportunities arising out of sustainable and inclusive management of sanitation services there is a need for robust and comprehensive evidence of the wide-ranging benefits that sanitation can deliver. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for sustainable development broken down into 169 interconnected Targets which are articulated under 17 Goals. Based on a methodology developed at University College London (UCL), this study identifies linkages between sanitation and the 169 Targets corroborated by published evidence. We show that there are synergies between sanitation and all 17 Goals and 130 (77%) of the Targets, and trade-offs for 28 (17%) of the Targets. We identified 83 Targets (49%) that call for action in the sanitation sector. The results demonstrate the far-reaching benefits that can be unlocked from investment in sanitation, which extend beyond health and spread across sectors. The evidence base for the 17 Goals establishes links that can inform cross-sectoral action, collaborations and investment across governance levels for integrated sanitation solutions. The research provides different stakeholders with a framework that can be applied to context-specific cases and projects. We propose a range of recommendations to policy makers, practitioners and researchers who seek to take this study further to help achieve the SDGs.
Covid-19 and Islamic Education in School: Searching for Alternative Learning Media
Authors: Zaini Herman , oni Afriant , Hadi Abdul , Sofyan Fuaddilah Ali , sal Fai , rin Padj , Hamzah Amir
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to find alternative learning media used by teachers in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. During this pandemic, teachers competed to find alternative media to fulfill their duties as instructors and educators. The research method used was a qualitative study with a survey as a data collection technique distributed via Google forms to 275 teachers of Islamic Education. The data analysis consisted of three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing and verification of conclusions. This study concluded that the education system made adjustments due to Pandemic Covid-19, one of them was learning media where previously the system through face-to-face directly became online learning. To realize this learning, teachers used various platforms such as WhatsApp, YouTube, Email, Edmodo, and others.
Optimize Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation Using Nature Inspired Algorithms in Cloud based BDA
Authors: Manekar A.S. , Gera Dr. Pradeepini
Published: April 2021

Task Scheduling and Resource allocation is a prominent research topic in cloud computing. There are several objectives associated with Optimize Task Scheduling and Resource allocation as cloud computing systems are more complex than the traditional distributed system. There are several challenges like resolving the task mapped to the node on which task to be executed. A simplified but near optimal proposed nature inspired algorithms are focus in this paper. In this paper basic idea about optimization, reliability and complexity is considered while design a solution for modern BDA (Big Data Application). Detailed analysis of experimental results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm has better optimization effect on the fair share policies which are presently available in most of the BDA. In this paper we focused on Dragonfly algorithm and Sea lion algorithms which are nature inspired algorithms. These algorithms are efficient for optimization purpose for solving task scheduling and resource allocation problem. Finally performance of the hybrid DA algorithm and Sea lion is compared with traditional techniques used for modern BDA using Hadoop MapReduce. Simulation results prove the efficacy of the suggested algorithms.
The Google Advertising Service Adoption Behavior of Enterprise in the Digital Transformation Age
Authors: Ha Nguyen Minh , Khoa Bui Thanh
Published: April 2021

The digital transformation age has changed the way businesses advertise. Digital advertising means have gradually replaced traditional advertising means such as newspapers and magazines. Search engines, such as Google, have contributed to a competitive advantage for businesses that use this advertising channel. This study aimed to expand the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with businesses' self-efficacy towards google advertising services. A mixed research method was carried out, of which 633 firms were surveyed. The research results have confirmed the results of the TPB model in the field of B2B marketing; at the same time, self-efficacy is also assessed as a second-order concept consisting of four dimensions, i.e., ability to manage keywords/bids, ability to monitor outcomes, advertising expertise, external experts using. The study also proposed some theoretical and managerial implications for business for the advertising services provided by Google.
Image Augmentation Using Hybrid RANSAC Algorithm
Authors: Cherian Aswathy K , Poovammal E.
Published: April 2021

The process of augmenting the number of images in a dataset is called Image Augmentation. Data volume is essential to process and generate digital outputs from a variety of features. This work focuses on the image augmentation using a hybrid RANSAC algorithm. The features extracted is used to join or merge the images by the blending of images. The proposed RANSAC algorithm is used to extract features from four images and produce the desired mosaiced image. A mosaiced picture is best suited for aerial photos and real-world objects. The blur metric of the proposed method is 185.2587 and which is 2.86% higher than the feathering blending algorithms. The total number of images in the dataset is 2100. The number of images after augmentation is 6300 with average accuracy of 95.6%. The reported remarkable results are beneficial to all the stakeholders on image augmentation.
Gender Bias in Intergenerational Transfer Patterns: Focusing on a Patrilineal and a Matrilineal Ethnic Group in Indonesia
Authors: Riani Novya Zulva , Taifur Werry Darta , dri Elfin , Muharja Fajri
Published: April 2021

Gender was expected to strongly influence intergenerational transfers, especially in the country that has a multi-ethnic population. In this paper, we propose a new approach of intergenerational transfers pattern based on gender by using the raw data from Indonesia Family Life Surveys of 2014, with a total sample of 4179 households. Indonesia became an object of study because it has a multi-ethnic population and embraced the dual system, matrilineal and patrilineal kinship. This research aims to analyze the gender bias in the pattern of intergenerational transfers. The empirical model consists of four logistic regression equation, the dependent variable is the pattern of inter-generational transfers based on the direction and type of transfers. Our Econometric model estimation confirmed that the kinship system adopted by the family did not influence the decision to intergenerational transfers. Further results suggest that gender bias occurs only in the intergenerational transfers of money where daughters will receive more money than sons. These findings showed that women had a high financial dependency on their parents. The implication of it, improving the quality of women needs to be done to push them out of a liquidity constraint.
The Use of Web-Based Social Networks: Trends, Antecedents, and Consequences
Authors: Kaur Navreet , Sandhu Anmol
Published: April 2021

Online Social Networks (OSNs) have redefined interpersonal relationships and added a new dimension to communication patterns. According to latest reports, there has been a steep rise in the number of active social media users around the globe. The present paper is a review of research evidence on the antecedent factors leading to such usage and its consequences thereof. Unique features of the virtual environment trigger certain personality traits which are reported to be major predictors of social networking behaviour. Studies on the impact of social media on consumers have unearthed both positive and negative consequences. Research findings, for example, reveal that social media consumption has a therapeutic effect in terms of fulfilment of certain needs and an increase in self-esteem; whereas activation of a narcissistic state and lowered self-control have an adverse effect on psychological well-being and behaviour. The paper summarizes the workplace implications of web-based social networking and also briefly discusses the recent and emerging trends in digital behaviours with particular reference to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Co-combustion Characteristics and Kinetics Behavior of Torrefied Sugarcane Bagasse and Lignite
Authors: Samaksaman Ukrit , Manatura Kanit
Published: April 2021

The co-combustion characteristics and kinetics of torrefied sugarcane bagasse (TB), lignite (L), and their blended samples were experimentally investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)based on the Coats-Redfern method for kinetic estimation.Their physicochemical properties were also investigated.Raw bagasse was thermally treated in a laboratory-scale torrefactor at 275 °C with a torrefaction time of 60 min under an inert nitrogen environment.Then, the torrefied bagasse was blended with Thai lignite as a co-fuel at ratios of 50:50 (TB50L50), 70;30(TB70L30), and 90:10 (TB90L10), respectively. Torrefaction improved the fuel properties and heating value of the raw bagasse as well as reducing the O/C and H/C ratios.In addition, the blending of torrefied bagasse with lignite improved the combustion behavior.The TGA and DTG results indicated that the ignition and burnout temperatures stepped downwards with different increasing ratios of torrefied bagasse.The co-combustion behavior at the maximum burning rate showed that the burnout temperatures of TB50L50, TB70L30, and TB90L10 were 532, 529, and 528 °C, respectively, indicating a slight decrease with an increasing torrefied bagasse blending ratio.These results were sufficient to provide comprehensive guidelines in terms of the design and operation of the combustion system for adding torrefied bagasse into the co-firing process.
Investigating links between students’ agency experiences in digital educational interactions, participation and academic performance
Authors: Hvid Stenalt Maria
Published: April 2021

Despite promises of student agency in digital education, student agency is mostly assumed and less researched. This paper provides a way to understand the role of agency in digital interactions, and it explores how students’ agency experiences link to student participation and academic performance. In the study, data were collected from nine Danish university students. Students’ agency experiences were identified and interpreted using the Adapted Participation Gestalt Framework. Student participation was collected using data from a digital system used for the educational interactions. Students’ academic performance was measured using students’ self- reported grades. The study makes two key contributions: it identifies the participation gestalt of the interaction in question and maps developments in students’ experiences of agency constituting the gestalt; and second, it suggests that students’ agency in interactions is associated with grades and participation patterns. Finally, the paper discusses how the findings inform future research.
Racial Disparity in COVID-19 Deaths: Seeking Economic Roots with Census Data
Authors: McLaren John
Published: April 2021

This note seeks the socio-economic roots of racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality, using monthly county-level mortality, economic, and demographic data from 3140 counties through December 2020. The county-level approach shows a sharp disparity affecting all minority groups in the sample, peaking in spring or summer 2020 and then dissipating by the end of autumn. The effect disappears for Asian Americans when occupation and other controls are added, but not for other minorities; for them, the racial disparity, as long as it lasts, does not seem to be due to differences in income, poverty rates, education, occupational mix, or even access to healthcare insurance, although in April public transit use explains a large part of it. This is a puzzle, but the rapid change in the disparities over the year show that they are not immutable – an important message for future pandemics.
Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Cheng , Chen Zongwei , Wang Meilan
Published: April 2021

The circ_UBR4 (hsa_circ_0010283) is a novel abnormally overexpressed circRNA in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced model of atherosclerosis (AS) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, its role in the dysfunction of VSMCs remains to be further investigated. Here, we attempted to explore its role in ox-LDL-induced excessive proliferation and migration in VSMCs by regulating Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase 1 (ROCK1), a therapeutic target of AS. Expression of circ_UBR4 and ROCK1 was upregulated, whereas miR-107 was downregulated in human AS serum and ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Depletion of circ_UBR4 arrested cell cycle, suppressed cell viability, colony-forming ability, and migration ability, and depressed expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in VSMCs in spite of the opposite effects of ox-LDL. Notably, ROCK1 upregulation mediated by plasmid transfection or miR-107 deletion could counteract the suppressive role of circ_UBR4 knockdown in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. In mechanism, miR-107 was identified as a target of circ_UBR4 to mediate the regulatory effect of circ_UBR4 on ROCK1. circ_UBR4 might be a contributor in human AS partially by regulating VSMCs’ cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression via circ_UBR4/miR-107/ROCK1 pathway.
Effect of temperature and salinity on the growth and cell size of the first cultures of Gymnodinium aureolum from the Black Sea
Authors: Sala-Pérez Manuel , Lockyer Anne E. , Anesio Alexandre , Leroy Suzanne A. G.
Published: April 2021

Algal blooms are natural phenomena that may cause human health problems, millions of dollars in losses and ecological disasters worldwide. Anthropogenic pressures like eutrophication may increase the frequency and intensity of these phenomena. The Black Sea is characterized by rapid changes in salinity and temperature in surface waters. In addition, it has suffered increasing environmental pressure from human activities. This work presents the first cultures of Gymnodinium aureolum to be isolated from the Black Sea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirmed our strain as G. aureolum. The effects of temperature and salinity on growth were tested in experiments combining two temperatures and five salinities in 10 experimental treatments. This provides baseline data on the physiological adaption and acclimatization potential of the species to bloom under present and future climatic scenarios in the Black Sea. Gymnodinium aureolum grew exponentially in all experimental treatments, except for cultures at salinity 5. Growth rate increased significantly with increasing temperature reaching the maximum at 20 °C and salinity 15 (0.38 ± 0.02 d−1). This suggests an adaptation to the salinity and temperature of Black Sea waters and, together with previous records of G. aureolum in both water and sediments, supports the idea that this may be a bloom-forming population of G. aureolum.
A comprehensive bibliography, updated checklist, and distribution patterns of Rhodophyta from the Barents Sea (the Arctic Ocean)
Authors: Mikhaylova Tatiana A.
Published: April 2021

A lot of data on the flora of the Barents Sea are scattered in Russian publications and thus are largely inaccessible to many researchers. The study aims to compile a checklist and to verify the species composition of the Rhodophyta of the Barents Sea. The checklist is based on a comprehensive bibliographic study referring to a wide range of data on the species distribution, from the oldest to the most recent, indispensable for analyzing the temporal variability of the Barents Sea flora. A careful revision allows the report of 82 species of Rhodophyta, whereas 36 species have been excluded as belonging to doubtful records or misidentifications. The distribution of seven species in the Barents Sea is clarified. Seventeen species are widespread in the Barents Sea; 11 species are distributed locally. An extensive bibliography and data on the presence of the specimens in the herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences are provided.
Which laboratory technique is used for the blood sodium analysis in clinical research? A systematic review
Authors: Malandrini Sabrina , Lava Sebastiano A.G. , Bianchetti Mario G. , Meani Francesco , Faré Pietro B. , Camozzi Pietro , Cugliari Marco , Agostoni Carlo , Milani Gregorio P.
Published: April 2021

Background

Circulating sodium is analyzed by flame spectrometry and indirect or direct potentiometry. The differences between estimates returned by the three techniques are often relevant. It is unknown whether peer-reviewed international publications focusing on this parameter provide information about the technique. Objectives of the study were to ascertain if information about the employed technique is provided.

Content

A search in the National Library of Medicine for articles whose title contains “hyponatr[a]emia” was performed. We restricted the search to clinical reports including 10 or more humans published in the 2013–2015 and 2017–2019 periods. Authors of papers not reporting the technique were contacted to obtain this information. The study design and journal quartile ranking of each article were also evaluated.

For the final analysis, we included 361 articles (2013–2015, n=169; 2017–2019, n=192). Information about the laboratory technique was given in 61(17%) articles. Thanks to our inquiry, we collected this information for 116(32%) further reports. Indirect potentiometry was the most frequently used technique, followed by direct potentiometry. Spectrometry was used in a small minority of studies. Study design, journal ranking and study period did not modulate the mentioned frequency.

Outlook

Most articles focusing on hyponatremia do not provide information on the laboratory technique. This parameter is nowadays analyzed by indirect or, less frequently, direct potentiometry. The figures are similar for high and low impact factor journals and for the 2013–2015 and the 2017–2019 periods. Many authors, reviewers and editors likely assume that the results of this parameter are not influenced by the technique.
Basis divisors and balanced metrics
Authors: Rubinstein Yanir A. , Tian Gang , Zhang Kewei
Published: April 2021

Using log canonical thresholds and basis divisors Fujita–Odaka introduced purely algebro-geometric invariants

δ
m

{\delta_{m}}

whose limit in m is now known to characterize uniform K-stability on a Fano variety. As shown by Blum–Jonsson this carries over to a general polarization, and together with work of Berman, Boucksom, and Jonsson, it is now known that
the limit of these

δ
m

{\delta_{m}}

-invariants characterizes uniform Ding stability. A basic question since Fujita–Odaka’s work has been to find an analytic interpretation of these invariants. We show that each

δ
m

{\delta_{m}}

is the coercivity threshold of a
quantized Ding functional on the mth Bergman space and thus characterizes the existence of balanced metrics.
This approach has a number of applications. The most basic one is that it provides an alternative way to compute these
invariants, which is new even for

ℙ
n

{{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}

. Second, it allows us to introduce algebraically defined invariants that characterize the existence of Kähler–Ricci solitons (and the more general g-solitons of Berman–Witt Nyström), as well as coupled versions thereof. Third, it leads to approximation results involving balanced metrics in the presence of automorphisms that extend some results of Donaldson.
Hypercyclicity, supercyclicity, and cyclicity of a weighted composition operator on ℓ
p
spaces
Authors: Srivastava Vijay K. , Chandra Harish
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we give a characterization of a hypercyclic weighted composition operator on

ℓ
p

{\ell^{p}}

(

1
≤
p
<
∞

{1\leq p<\infty}

). We also obtain some necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the supercyclicity and cyclicity of a weighted composition operator on

ℓ
p

{{\ell}^{p}}

(

1
≤
p
<
∞

{1\leq p<\infty}

).
Liver cell hydration and integrin signaling
Authors: Bonus Michele , Häussinger Dieter , Gohlke Holger
Published: April 2021

Liver cell hydration (cell volume) is dynamic and can change within minutes under the influence of hormones, nutrients, and oxidative stress. Such volume changes were identified as a novel and important modulator of cell function. It provides an early example for the interaction between a physical parameter (cell volume) on the one hand and metabolism, transport, and gene expression on the other. Such events involve mechanotransduction (osmosensing) which triggers signaling cascades towards liver function (osmosignaling). This article reviews our own work on this topic with emphasis on the role of β1 integrins as (osmo-)mechanosensors in the liver, but also on their role in bile acid signaling.
Addressing gaps in adolescent tuberculosis programming and policy in Nigeria from a public health perspective
Authors: Aduh Ufuoma , Ewa Atana Uket , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Urhioke Ochuko , Kusimo Oluremilekun , Ugwu Chukwuebuka , Fadare Omoniyi A. , Anyaike Chukwuma
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally. Of the estimated 10 million people who developed active TB in 2019, 1.8 million (18%) were adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years. Adolescents have poorer rates of TB screening, treatment initiation and completion compared to adults. Unfortunately, there is relatively less programme, research and policy focus on TB for adolescents aged 10–19 years. This article reviews the scope of health services and the relevant policy landscape for TB case notification and care/treatment, TB/HIV management, and latent TB infection for adolescents in Nigeria. Additionally, it discusses considerations for TB vaccines in this population.

Content

All Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health policy documents relevant to adolescent health services and TB, and published between 2000 and 2020 underwent narrative review. Findings were reported according to the service areas outlined in the Objectives.

Summary and Outlook

Nine policy documents were identified and reviewed. While multiple policies acknowledge the needs of adolescents in public health and specifically in TB programming, these needs are often not addressed in policy, nor in program integration and implementation. The lack of age-specific epidemiologic and clinical outcomes data for adolescents contributes to these policy gaps. Poor outcomes are driven by factors such as HIV co-infection, lack of youth-friendly health services, and stigma and discrimination. Policy guidelines and innovations should include adaptations tailored to adolescent needs. However, these adaptations cannot be developed without robust epidemiological data on adolescents at risk of, and living with TB. Gaps in TB care integration into primary reproductive, maternal-child health and nutrition services should be addressed across multiple policies, and mechanisms for supervision, and monitoring and evaluation of integration be developed to guide comprehensive implementation. Youth-friendly TB services are recommended to improve access to quality care delivered in a patient-centered approach.
Critical Perspectives on Diversity and Equality in U.S. LIS Practice: Four HBCU-affiliated Leaders Weigh in
Authors: Ndumu Ana
Published: April 2021

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have trained Black librarians and strengthened the library profession since 1927 when the first HBCU-based library school was founded at Hampton University. However, HBCU professors, library directors, and alumni are often overlooked in conversations on librarian professionalization. In this article, four distinguished HBCU-affiliated library leaders provide critical perspectives on LIS practice. Their collective insight illustrates the value of HBCUs in LIS and demonstrates opportunities for new directions.
The Perception of Library and Information Science (LIS) Professionals about Research Data Management Services in University Libraries of Pakistan
Authors: Ashiq Murtaza , Saleem Qurat Ul Ain , Asim Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Research data management services (RDMS) is considered as an emerging and groundbreaking area for research libraries. A large number of studies focused on researchers’ perspectives of how they perform research data management practices. There are some studies that examine this important area of research from library and information science (LIS) professionals’ context, especially developing countries like Pakistan. Hence, this study addresses the gap and investigate the RDMS training needs, motivational factors, possible hindrances, and key reasons to support RDMS. A survey method was used and a self-developed questionnaire was prepared using Google Docs survey. The questionnaire link was shared with LIS professionals considering purposive sampling technique. The study highlights the main RDMS supporting reasons, needed training areas, best methods to get training, the motivational factors, and possible hindrances while planning and implementing RDMS. This study fills the gap and addresses research data management literature in developing countries’ context, especially Pakistan, and established that RDMS are poorly observed in developing countries and require some drastic steps to be launched and improved. Higher Education Commission/departments, university administrations, and donor agencies take such initiatives that research data should be openly available through repositories and the maximum number of training opportunities should be provided to LIS professionals.
Die Person-Umwelt Hypothese der Situational Action Theory und gewalttätiger Extremismus. Ein Teilprüfungsversuch
Authors: Pauwels Lieven , Hardyns Wim , Klima Noel
Published: April 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der extremistischen Disposition und der Online-Exposition gegenüber extremistischen moralischen Normen auf politisch-religiös motiviertes Gewalthandeln. Während bei der Erklärung der Delinquenz von Jugendlichen ein stabiler Interaktionseffekt zwischen der Disposition zur Kriminalität und der kriminogenen Exposition nachgewiesen wurde, wurde dieser Interaktionseffekt in keiner früheren Studie unter jungen Erwachsenen explizit im Hinblick auf politisch oder religiös motivierte Gewalt untersucht. Diese Studie ergänzt daher die vorhandene Literatur um die Überprüfung einer zentralen Annahme der Situational Action Theory (SAT), nämlich der Person-Umwelt-Hypothese (PEA-Hypothese) im Bereich der politisch und religiös motivierten Gewalt. Der SAT zufolge entsteht gewalttätiger Extremismus, wenn eine zu gewalttätigem Extremismus neigende Person und ein gewalttätig-extremistisches Handlungsumfeld zusammentreffen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen dreier Arten extremistischer Dispositionen (linksextremistische, rechtsextremistische und religiös-extremistische Disposition) mit der Exposition gegenüber gewaltaffin-extremistischer Handlungsumfelder. Zugrunde liegen eine schriftliche Befragung von SchülerInnen und eine Internetumfrage unter jungen Erwachsenen in Belgien. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese, dass die Wirkung der Disposition von der kumulativen extremistischen Exposition abhängt. Diese Resultate bleiben über spezifische Operationalisierungen der Disposition hinweg stabil. Die Bedeutung der erzielten Befunde für die weitere Forschung wird diskutiert.
Nonlocal Initial Value Problem for Hybrid Generalized Hilfer-type Fractional Implicit Differential Equations
Authors: Salim Abdelkrim , Benchohra Mouffak , Lazreg Jamal Eddine , Nieto Juan J. , Zhou Yong
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we prove some existence results of solutions for a class of nonlocal initial value problem for nonlinear fractional hybrid implicit differential equations under generalized Hilfer fractional derivative. The result is based on a fixed point theorem on Banach algebras. Further, examples are provided to illustrate our results.
Existence results to a ψ- Hilfer neutral fractional evolution equation with infinite delay
Authors: Norouzi Fatemeh , N’guérékata Gaston M.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution to the system of ψ- Hilfer neutral fractional evolution equations with infinite delay
H
𝔻0

αβ;ψ
[x(t) − h(t, xt
)] = A x(t) + f (t, x(t), xt
), t ∈ [0, b], b > 0 and x(t) = ϕ(t), t ∈ (−∞, 0]. We first obtain the Volterra integral equivalent equation and propose the mild solution of the system. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution by using the Banach contraction mapping principle and the Leray-Schauder alternative theorem.
Women in physics
Authors: Ponce Dawson Silvina
Published: April 2021

The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) is the scientific union representing identified physics communities from all over the world. It currently has 60 country members and is organized and run by the physics community itself. About to turn one hundred years old, the IUPAP has taken several actions for over 20 years to increase the participation and improve the situation of women physicists. The creation of its Working Group on Women in Physics in 1999 has had an enormous impact on the physics communities giving visibility to a problem that had often gone unnoticed, raising awareness and, most importantly, creating a very active network of women physicists in more countries than IUPAP members. The Working Group has also had a direct impact on the IUPAP’s organization and on the activities it sponsors. In this paper I give a brief account of the actions of the Working Group and of the measures that the IUPAP has taken since 1999 to help reduce the gender gap in physics and in STEM. I then focus on the many activities that it led to in Latin America, the region of origin of three of the five chairs of the Working Group.
VICTORIA transform, RESPECT and REFORM methods for the proof of the G-permanent pencil law
under G-Lindeberg condition for some random matrices from G-elliptic ensemble
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L.
Published: April 2021

The G-pencil law under the G-Lindeberg condition for a random matrix is proven.
Instrumento para Evaluar la Cohesión Social en Universidades Mexicanas: Resultados de la Validación Cultural UNIVECS-MX
Authors: Sancho-Álvarez Carlos , Rueda Beltrán Mario , González-Such José , Jornet Meliá Jesús Miguel
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un instrumento para evaluar la cohesión social en universidades mexicanas. A partir del modelo de evaluación UNIVECS validado en el contexto español, se realiza una adaptación y validación cultural en México; desarrollando un juicio de expertos con nueve profesionales del área de Antropología, Lingüística, Pedagogía, Psicología y Sociología, un jueceo con 51 docentes en educación superior, cuatro grupos de validación de reactivos entre tres universidades con 42 docentes, y un grupo de validación con diez estudiantes universitarios. Todo ello, en función de cuatro criterios de valoración cuantitativa y cualitativa: pertinencia, claridad, factibilidad y ausencia de sesgos lingüísticos, culturales, organizacionales y de género. A partir de los resultados y propuestas de mejora se obtiene un paquete de reactivos validados en torno a ocho dimensiones de análisis de la cohesión social en educación superior: Sostenibilidad, Bienestar Social, Inclusión, Autonomía Personal, Sentido de Pertenencia, Confianza, Movilidad Social y Responsabilidad Social. Los resultados posibilitan y concluyen un instrumento de evaluación pertinente, claro, factible y libre de sesgos. UNIVECS-MX se ofrece a las instituciones mexicanas para poder identificar en sus licenciaturas la cohesión social y poder realizar diagnósticos institucionales de cada dimensión propuesta, así como seguir realizando investigaciones socio-educativas.
A clinicopathological study of peripheral schwannomas
Authors: Majumder Ankur , Ahuja Arvind , Chauhan DS , Paliwal Purnima , Bhardwaj Minakshi
Published: April 2021

Aim and objective. Schwannomas are benign neoplasms of neural origin with  sporadic or syndromic occurence. They are commonly seen in cranial nerves. Peripheral schwannomas occur rarely and may have unique presentations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of peripheral schwannomas.

Methods. A retrospective cross sectional study of peripheral schwannomas  excluding head neck region was conducted. The study group consisted of 18 cases which were recorded over a period of seven years. The corresponding data were collected from the archives of the Department of Pathology.

Results. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The average age of the cases was 47 years. The most common site was the upper limbs (55.55%) followed by lower limbs, chest and penis. The lesions mostly presented as painless swellings (62%). Histopathological examination revealed classic features of schwannoma. Secondary changes included cystic degeneration, foam cells, epitheloid cells, hyalinization, microcystic change and collection of plasma cells. All cases were confirmed by positive S100 staining.

Conclusion.Peripheral schwannomas may be missed due to its rarity and atypical presentations. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this common entity at unusual sites for the proper management of the patients. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice.