bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristics, hematology and serum biochemistry of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets containing rice gluten meal and betaine supplementation during summer season
Authors: Hassan Fawzia A. , Khosht Abeer R. , El-Maged Marwa Hosni Abd , Abdlatif H. A. , Mobarez Samia M. , Salim Ibrahim H.
Published: September 2022

A total of 375 un-sexed Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks, 5 days-old were randomly allotted to 5 experimental groups to examine the effect of the inclusion of rice gluten meal (RGM) at levels of 2.5 and 5% and supplementation of betaine at levels of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg diet on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, hematology, serum biochemistry and gastrointestinal tract microbiota of growing Japanese quail under summer season. Quails were fed a basal diet and the other four diets contained 2.5 and 5% RGM with 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine supplementation. The results revealed quails fed 5%RGM + 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine achieved the highest (P < 0.05) body weight at 5 weeks of age, quails fed 5%RGM + 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine recorded the highest (P < 0.05) body weight gain at 1–5 weeks of age. Quails fed 5%RGM + 1.0 g betaine improved (P < 0.05) DFI at all periods. 5%RGM + 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine groups recorded the best FCR at 1–5 weeks of age. RGM and betaine improved CP and EE digestibilities. RGM and betaine was lower (P < 0.05) in abdominal fat. Quails fed 5%RGM + 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine increased (P < 0.05) WBC count. HB level of the quails group fed diet contained 5%RGM + 0.5 or 1.0 g betaine was higher (P < 0.05). Betaine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the lactic acid bacteria count and decreased (P < 0.05) E-coli and coliform counts. In conclusion, the combination of RGM and betaine could maintain the growth performance, intestinal health and improve nutrients digestibility of Japanese quails during summer season.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Rhaphidophora pertusa leaves extract and its characterization, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity activities
Authors: Deivanathan Sarvana Kumar , Prakash J. Thomas Joseph
Published: September 2022

The current study investigated the bio-synthesis of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) through the use of an extract from the leaves of Rhaphidophora pertusa (R.pertusa). Visual confirmation of the formation of biosynthesized R.pertusasilver nanoparticles (RP-AgNPs) came from observing the colour difference between them. Additionally, it has been examined through FT-IR, HR-SEM, EDAX, XRD, HR-TEM and DLS. At 424 nm the presence of AgNPs has been confirmed by UV-vis spectra. FT-IR reveals the secondary molecules of R.pertusa which are bound with AgNPs contain OH and NH functional groups. The synthesised particles' sizes are validated by HR-TEM which is approximately 19 nm, whereas EDAX investigations have substantiated the existence of AgNPs. The FCC crystallinity of the synthesised RP-AgNPs is confirmed by the XRD report. The size distribution of the particles with a range of 177 nm is discovered using DLS analysis. Significant antioxidant properties are displayed by the bio-synthesised RP-AgNPs for DPPH. Furthermore, it was found that RP-AgNPs are extremely receptive to both thick peptidoglycan and thin peptidoglycan microbes. The MCF-7 cell line is used to test the cytotoxicity of the synthesised RP-AgNPs and the research shows that the MCF-7 cell proliferation is effectively inhibited by the synthesised RP-AgNPs. As a result, the present research findings have enormous potential for the delivery of medication.
Decline and uneven recovery from 7 common long-term conditions managed in the Catalan primary care after two pandemic years: an observational retrospective population-based study using primary care electronic health records
Authors: Mora Núria , Fina Francesc , Méndez-Boo Leonardo , Cantenys Roser , Benítez Mència , Moreno Nemesio , Balló Elisabet , Hermosilla Eduardo , Fàbregas Mireia , Guiriguet Carolina , Cos Xavier , Rodoreda Sara , Mas Ariadna , Lejardi Yolanda , Coma Ermengol , Medina Manuel
Published: September 2022

Background
The incidence of chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically been reduced worldwide due to disruptions in healthcare systems. The aim of our study is to analyse the trends in the incidence of 7 commonly managed primary care chronic diseases during the last 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia.
Methods
We performed an observational retrospective population-based study using data from primary care electronic health records from January 2018 to August 2022 (5.1 million people over 14 years). We divided the study period into two: a pre-pandemic period (before 14 March 2020) and a pandemic period. We performed a segmented regression analysis of daily incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 7 chronic diseases: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, we compared annual incidence between pandemic years (2020, 2021 and 2022) and 2019. Associated incidence rate ratios (IRR) were also calculated. Finally, we estimated the number of expected diagnoses during the pandemic period using data from 2019 and we compared it with the observed data.
Results
We analysed 740,820 new chronic diseases’ diagnoses. Daily incidence rates of all 7 chronic diseases were drastically interrupted on 14 March 2020, and a general upward trend was observed during the following months. Reductions in 2020 were around 30% for all conditions except COPD which had greater reductions (IRR: 0.58 [95% CI: 0.57 to 0.6]) and HF with lesser drops (IRR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.84 to 0.88]). Some of the chronic conditions have returned to pre-pandemic diagnosis levels, except asthma, COPD and IHD. The return to pre-pandemic diagnosis levels compensated for the drops in 2020 for T2DM and HF, but not for hypertension which presented an incomplete recovery. We also observed an excess of hypercholesterolemia diagnoses of 8.5% (95%CI: 1.81–16.15%).
Conclusions
Although primary care has recovered the pre-pandemic diagnosis levels for some chronic diseases, there are still missing diagnoses of asthma, COPD and IHD that should be addressed.
Changes in microbial community structure and co-metabolism during the domestication of ofloxacin-degrading bacteria
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhang Jing , Sha Naiqing , Tang Shen , Peng Yuqing , Zhao Yao
Published: September 2022

Background: Ofloxacin (OFL) is stable and difficult to degrade. It has been detected in water, soil, and plants throughout the world. This study domesticated OFL-contaminated livestock manure soil with simplified carbon sources to identify flora capable of effectively degrading OFL. The changes in the structural composition and diversity of the microbial community and the functional abundance of the soil flora were analyzed by metagenome sequencing technology. The Biolog-ECO microplate method was used to study the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by selected bacteria and to identify the best co-metabolized carbon source for degradation.
Results: Amino acid carbon sources were more likely to cause significant changes in community structures with increasing OFL concentrations during the acclimation stage. The abundance of Sphingobacterium decreased from 69.23% to 9.84%, while Alcaligenes increased from 0.27% to 62.79%, and Stenotrophomonasincreased from 11.63% to 33.33%, becoming the dominant genus. The results suggested that Stenotrophomonas and Alcaligenes were potential candidate bacteria for the degradation of quinolone antibiotics such as OFL. Compared with the first stage of acclimation, there was an 87% increase (the concentration was 30 mg·L-1) in the OFL degradation rate by functional flora obtained by gradient acclimation, and the functional abundance of the microbial community also increased and stabilized with the depth of the domestication process. The most significant changes in membrane transport were observed in the functional abundance of the microbial community, and it was found that itaconic acid, Tween 80, and L-aspartic acid could increase the biomass of the microbial community under OFL stress.
Conclusion: Significant changes in the bacterial composition and functional abundance of the microbial community resulted from the addition of amino acid carbon sources, together with the OFL concentration. Functional flora resulting from domestication were better able to degrade OFL. The addition of a co-metabolic carbon source significantly enhanced the biomass of the functional flora.
Experimental investigation of effective parameters on productivity improvement of the EDM process for corrosion resistant metals
Authors: Saberi Mohammad Reza , Ghandehariun Amirmohammad
Published: September 2022

Inconel 625 superalloy and stainless steel 304 are known for their significant corrosion resistance along with their high hardness and strength. Therefore, they are used in a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, nuclear, etc. Electrical discharge machining is among the most widely used processes for machining of these metals. However, this process has limitations, such as low material removal efficiency, high surface roughness, and the formation of a recast layer. Therefore, in this study, the effective parameters on increasing the material removal efficiency and reducing recast layer thickness are investigated. These parameters include the dielectric fluid, electrode material, discharge current, and pulse duration. After performing the test matrix, the effect of each of the input parameters on the material removal rate, surface roughness and thickness of the recast layer is evaluated using the ANOVA method. The results of this analysis showed that the type of dielectric fluid and the presence of silver oxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on output variables. When using sunflower oil fluid containing nanoparticles and the silver electrode, the recast layer and surface roughness are reduced, while the average material removal rate increases by 40% compared to the traditional mode. Also, due to the biodegradability of deionized water and sunflower oil fluids, the environmental sustainability of the process in this study is increased and while increasing productivity, it leads to the sustainable development of the EDM process.
Assessment of Aortic Arch Morphology for Endovascular Interventions
Authors: TASDEMIR Rabia , CIHAN Omer Faruk , YASIN Sedat
Published: September 2022

Introduction
: The aim of this study was to retrospectively classify the aorta according to the location of the supra-aortic vessels and analyze the aortic arch angle and angulation of supra-aortic branches on Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) images, and contribute relevant data to the literature for use by interventional radiologists, neurologists, and cardiovascular and head-neck surgeons. Our secondary aim was to support the development of the “custom-made” thoracic stent grafts with the help of new data from the current study.
Materials and Methods
A total of 311 images (from 141 females and 170 males) that best suited our purpose were selected through archive screening. After creating three-dimensional reconstructions of the MDCT images, the aortic arch was divided into types according to the location of the brachiocephalic trunk. All images were viewed in the oblique coronal plane, where the angulation of the aortic arch and its branches can be best seen and measurements were obtained. Aortic arch types and angles were examined by age and sex.
Results
When the sex distribution of the aortic arch types was examined, Type 2 aortic arch was more common in males and Type 1 was more common in females. Regarding the age distribution of the aortic arch types, Types 1c and 2d were found only in the 18–44 age group and Types 3a and 3b were only detected in individuals over the age of 65. These findings suggest that aortic arch configuration changes with advancing age. Analysis of the relationship between age and vessel angulation showed only a weak positive correlation between age and aortic arch angle. Aortic arch angle showed a weak negative correlation with the angulation of supra-aortic vessels but a weak positive correlation was found among the angles of supra-aortic branches (p < 0.05; r < 0.4). A significant difference between sexes was observed in terms of the left subclavian artery angle and left common carotid artery angle, which were greater in males than in females (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Variations in the angulation of the aortic arch and supra-aortic branches may trigger stroke by causing hemodynamic abnormalities. We believe that our findings may help the design of endograft used for endovascular arch repair.
Binder jetting additive manufacturing: spreading and permeation of multiple micron droplets in powder layer
Authors: Hu Ankai , Huang Yanlu , Chen Zhiyi , Li Wei
Published: September 2022

The spread and penetration of binder droplets have a significant impact on the dimensional accuracy and strength of the parts. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation method for studying the spread and penetration of multiple micron droplets in porous media is proposed and verified by experiments. The results show that the spreading diameter and penetration depth of the binder increase with the number of droplets. However, as the number of droplets increases, the magnitude of their increase decreases. The research results can be used to predict the true spread and penetration state in the Droplet-Powder system and provide help for further understanding the inherent mechanism of photocuring binder spray material increment manufacturing.
An Effective Meta Heuristic Based Dynamic Fine Grained Data Security Framework for Big Data
Authors: Gupta Lalit Mohan , Samad Abdus , Garg Hitendra , Shah Kaushal
Published: September 2022

Medical records are transmitted between medical institutions using cloud-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, which are intended to improve various medical services. Due to the potential of data breaches and the resultant loss of patient data, medical organizations find it challenging to employ cloud-based electronic medical record systems. EHR systems frequently necessitate high transmission costs, energy use, and time loss for physicians and patients. Furthermore, EHR security is a critical concern that jeopardizes patient privacy. Compared to a single system, cloud-based EHR solutions may bring extra security concerns as the system architecture gets more intricate. Access control strategies and the development of efficient security mechanisms for cloud-based EHR data are critical. For privacy reasons, the Dynamic Constrained Message Authentication (DCMA) technique is used in the proposed system to encrypt the outsource medical data by using symmetric key cryptography which uses the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) for choosing the best random keys for encryption and then resultant data is hashed using the SHA-256 technique. The system is developed in Python language, and the results are assessed using performance metrics including delay time, security rate, false error rate (FER), storage time, retrieval time, throughput ratio, encryption and decryption time, accuracy rate, key generation time, and security. The implemented system is superior in terms of security because it adopts the advance random secret keys generation which adds more security to the system of about 94% with less delay and loss ratio.
Modulation of Cosmic Ray with Solar activities During Solar Cycles 19-24 to forecast Solar Cycle 25
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Pal Mahender , Rani Amita , Mishra A. P. , Singh Sham
Published: September 2022

As of currently, a spotless event solar activity precursor technique is being employed to estimate the intensity and onset periods of future 11-year cycles. In the past, it was utilised to make predictions concerning the maximum amplitudes and rising times of cycles ranging from 19 to 24. The reassuring outcomes that have been obtained from all of these iterations can be summarised as follows: In the past, an updated variation of the proposed method was utilised in order to make a prediction concerning the cycle 24's defining parameters. The observed values of spotless events are utilised in the validation of the preliminary forecasts for cycle 24's characteristics. Additionally, the maximum amplitude and ascension period of the 25th solar cycle can be predicted with the assistance of this method. We have made projections on the forthcoming cycle 25 by utilising the stacking LSTM forecasting model. According to the findings of our study, the model that we devised is able to accurately predict both long-term dependencies and trends in the data. The maximum strength of solar cycle 25 will be 47 percent higher than that of cycle 24 thanks to the sunspot amplitude of 171.9 3.4.
Comparison of physicians’ and dentists’ incident reports in open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care: A retrospective mixed-method study
Authors: Akiyama Naomi , Akiyama Tomoya , Sato Hideaki , Shiroiwa Takeru , Kishi Mitsuo
Published: September 2022

Background
Patient safety is associated with patient outcomes. However, there is insufficient evidence of patient safety in the dental field. This study aimed to compare incidents reported by dentists and physicians, compare the type of errors made by them, and identify how dentists prevent dental errors.
Methods
A retrospective mixed-methods study was conducted using open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database. A total of 6,071 incident reports submitted for the period 2016 to 2020 were analyzed; the number of dentists’ incident reports was 144, and the number of physicians’ incident reports was 5,927. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and content analysis.
Results
The highest percentage of dental incidents reported were treatment errors (n = 104, 72.2%), which was the same as for physicians (n = 3215, 54.2%). The percentage of dental intern reporters was higher than that of medical intern reporters (dentists: n = 12, 8.3%; physicians: n = 180, 3.0%; p = 0.002). The percentage of each type of prevention method utilized was as follows: software 27.8% (n = 292), hardware (e.g., developing a new system) 2.1% (n = 22), environment (e.g., coordinating the activities of staff) 4.2% (n = 44), liveware (e.g., reviewing procedure, double checking, evaluating judgement calls made) 51.6% (n = 542), and liveware-liveware (e.g., developing adequate treatment plans, conducting appropriate postoperative evaluations, selecting appropriate equipment and adequately trained medical staff) 14.3% (n = 150).
Conclusions
Establishing a comprehensive support system for dental interns is essential. In addition, it is necessary to develop and implement effective preventive methods and policies for patient safety, which not only rely on individual efforts but also engage the medical community as a whole.
Air Pollution history and projection in the most polluted city in the world
Authors: Kaydi Neda , Maraghi Elham , Shenavar Bamshad , Bahrami Zeinab , Azarian Alireza , Rostami Soghra , Ashrafi Mohamad Javad , Karimi Sirous , Haghighifard Nematollah Jaafarzadeh , Khafaie Morteza Abullatif
Published: September 2022

Background and aim
Severe air pollution in Ahvaz has increased the scientific community’s attention and policymakers. To understand the trends and characteristics of air pollution in Ahvaz, an analysis of air quality was carried out, and accordingly, we have forecasted 2021 and 2023.
Methods
Air quality data collected at Ahvaz Air Quality Monitoring Network from 2013- to April 2021, were analyzed. Autoregressive time series models were fitted to monthly data and forecasts were made for the next 24 months.
Result
Annual PM10 and PM2.5, concentrations were higher than WHO air quality guideline levels during the entire study period. Ahvaz experienced worse air quality in 2015. The highest average PM and gaseous pollution concentrations were found in traffic areas. The average annual change had decreasing trends for PM10 (-5.65 μg/m-3), PM2.5 (-4.06 μg/m-3, and SO2 (-2.06 ppb), while an increasing trend was found for NO2 (+21.79 ppb), O3 (+37.67 ppb) and CO (+21.04 ppm) during the study period. The forecast shows a negative trend in SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and CO but a rise in O3 and NO2.
Discussion and conclusion
Ahvaz is a center of heavy industry and is seriously polluted with PM, which was mainly from natural sources. However, there is no clear way of preventing events caused by natural sources affected by climate change, such as desert dust outbreaks. Targeted policies to reduce vehicle emissions and an intelligent expert system for emergency response during dust episodes recommended
An automatic red-female association tested by Stroop task
Authors: Chen Na , Nakamura Koyo , Watanabe Katsumi
Published: September 2022

Previous studies showed stereotyped color-gender associations (e.g., red/pink is female, and blue/green is male). Here, we investigated the automaticity of color-gender associations using two Stroop-word categorization tasks. Ten Japanese gendered words were chosen as visual stimuli. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to indicate whether a target word presented in either red, green, or gray font color, was a male or female concept. Results showed a congruent effect of red-female association that red font color facilitated feminine words categorization and inhibited masculine words categorization. Experiment 2 tested whether red-female association could affect perceptual font color categorization. Participants were asked to discriminate the font color that presented in different saturation levels of red or green while ignoring the word’s meaning. Results showed that participants responded faster and made fewer errors when categorizing red font color for feminine words than masculine words. Those results suggest an automatic activated red-female association in both conceptual gendered word categorization and perceptual font color discrimination.
Analyzing the spreading properties of vortex beam in turbulent biological tissues
Authors: Chib Salma , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: September 2022

Presenting the intensity development of a circular Laguerre-cosh-Gaussian (CLChG) beam in turbulent mouse biological tissues is the major goal of the current work. Using the power spectrum refractive index from Schmitt's model and the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral, the propagation formula of the CLChG beam is produced. In order to determine the spreading properties of the studied beam, analytical expressions of the CLChG beam's effective beam size in turbulent mouse biological tissues are constructed. Some graphical representations have to be carried out in order to discover the impacts of beam and biological turbulence parameters on this sort of beam. The findings show that the transformation of the CLChG beam into a Gaussian-like beam in the far field occurs more quickly when the beam passes through the deep dermis of the mouse. The shape of the CLChG beam can also be changed by choosing a specific value for the parameter linked to the cosh-part. Because the effective beam spot radius along the x- and y-axis are equal, we also see that the beam spot in biological tissues takes on a circular shape.
Adaptive Beamformer in Hybrid Massive MIMO using Reconstructed Spatial Covariance Matrix
Authors: Fu Zihao , Yan Yiwei , Liu Yinsheng , Li You , Wang Wenjin , Duan Hongtao
Published: September 2022

In order to compensate for high path loss, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been adopted in wireless communication systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. In particular, analog beamformer has been employed in hybrid massive MIMO systems to reduce the cost caused by radio frequency (RF) chains. However, due to hardware limitation, only conventional beamformer can be used at base station (BS) in existing hybrid massive MIMO systems, and as a consequence, inter-user-interference (IUI) cannot be removed completely in the presence of multiple users because of the sidelobe of conventional beamformer. In this letter, we will show that by utilizing the reconstructed spatial covariance matrix (SCM), adaptive beamformer can be also used at the BS in hybrid massive MIMO systems. Thanks to the reconstructed SCM, nulling directions of the adaptive beamformer can be adjusted adaptively to the directions of non-desired users, and therefore the residual IUI can be effectively removed. Simulation results show that the adaptive beamformer can outperform the conventional beamformer significantly in hybrid massive MIMO systems.
Twelve-month outcomes of Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy combined with cataract surgery in Latino patients
Authors: Espinoza Gustavo , Justiniano Manuel Jose , Rodriguez-Una Ignacio , Godin Fernando , Arango Andres , Villamizar Sylvia
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To evaluate 12-month surgical outcome of Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy in combination with cataract surgery in Latino patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).
Methods: This retrospective study included 45 eyes of 40 patients who underwent KDB goniotomy combined with cataract extraction from January 2016 to September 2020 at two centers in South America. Primary outcome was surgical success was defined as ≥20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction or ≥1 medication reduction from preoperative without additional IOP-lowering procedures and an IOP ≥5 mmHg or ≤21 mmHg. Additionally, we used 2 cutoffs values for success of IOP ≤18 and ≤15 mmHg. Secondary outcomes included: IOP, medication use, best corrected visual acuity, complications and failure-associated factors.
Results: Success rates at 12 months with cutoff limits of 21, 18 and 15 mmHg were 84.3%, 75.6% and 58.7%, respectively. At 12 months, mean preoperative IOP significantly decreased from 19.23 ± 0.65 mmHg on 2.33 ± 1.04 medications to 14.33 ± 0.66 mmHg on 0.59 ± 0.94 medications, with 62% of eyes free of hypotensive medication. Eyes that developed postoperative IOP spikes had higher risk for failure using the cutoff limit of IOP ≤18 mmHg with a hazard ratio of 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-7.13; p<0.001). There were no serious ocular adverse events.
Conclusions: KDB combined with cataract extraction showed safety and efficacy for decreasing IOP and the number of hypotensive medications in Latino patients after one year follow-up. Intraocular pressure spikes were associated with a higher risk for failure.
Improved initial alignment algorithm of SINS on shaking base based on Kalman filter
Authors: Shi Ling-Feng , Hou Zhi-Yong , Lv Yun-Feng
Published: September 2022

In the initial alignment of shaking base, Kalman filter is easy to diverge, and the alignment result is poor. Many scholars introduce various nonlinear filtering methods to solve this problem, but these filtering methods not only have large amount of calculation, but also are low accuracy. Based on the problem, an improved adaptive Kalman filter (IAKF) algorithm is proposed to complete the initial alignment of the shaking base. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high anti-interference and anti-divergence ability. Under the simulation conditions, pitch, roll and heading errors can be stabilized at about 10 degrees. The real measurement with Redmi K30Pro mobile phone shows that the alignment result of the improved algorithm is consistent, and the difference of multiple alignment results is stable within 5 degrees, while the difference of traditional method is more than 20 degrees. It can be applied in smart phone navigation with the strapdown inertial navigation system.
Observations on Leaf Characteristics of Afghanistan Pine1
Authors: Bukovac Martin J. , Widmoyer Fred B.
Published: September 2022

Observations on leaf morphology and on the fine-structure and quantity of epicuticular wax of a newly introduced (Plant Introduction (PI) 303638) Afghanistan pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) indicated that needles were borne 2 or 3 per fascicle with 1.7- to 4-fold more 3- than 2-needled fascicles depending on the flush of growth. Needles were curved and twisted, margins serrulate, and apices acute. An amorphous epicuticular wax, about 180±48 μg cm−2, covered the needles. Crystalline platelet or fiber-like wax occurred in irregular patches, frequently around stomata. Stomata on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces were deeply depressed and in rows parallel to the long axis of the needle. In many stomata the antechamber was partially occluded with fiber-like wax. Thin-layer chromatograms indicated that the more polar constituents, namely fatty acids, sec-alcohols and esters were most prevalent, while only traces of alkanes, ketones and aldehydes were present.
Influence of Reflectant and Shade Material on Light Distribution in Mature ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Doud Diane S. , Ferree David C.
Published: September 2022

Diffuse light within the tree canopy of mature red strain of ‘Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica (Borkh.)) was increased throughout the 1978 growing season with under-tree reflectors and decreased by overtree shade material. Three all season light integrating methods were well correlated (Yellow Springs total radiometer, Lambda quantum sensor, Cain integrator). The Lambda quantum sensor used at intervals showed daily quantity of light reflected was dependent on climatic conditions, time of day, and stage of tree development. Neither reflectors nor shade altered spectral quality. Leaf cross sections, as an indicator of light exposure, showed gross morphological differences between shaded and check leaves but not between reflector and check leaves.
The Effect of Two Mycorrhizal Fungi upon Growth and Nutrition of Avocado Seedlings Grown with Six Fertilizer Treatments1
Authors: Menge J. A. , LaRue J. , Labanauskas C. K. , Johnson E. L. V.
Published: September 2022

Seedlings of ‘Topa Topa’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) were grown in steamed loamy sand soil with no fertilizer, complete fertilizer (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mo, B), −P, −Zn, −P and −Zn, and −Zn+10 × P(640 ppm P). Seedlings were inoculated separately with one of 2 isolates of Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe (GF) or were inoculated with a water filtrate of the mycorrhizal inoculum plus autoclaved mycorrhizal inoculum. Growth of mycorrhizal seedlings was 49-254% larger than nonmycorrhizal avocados except at the −Zn+10×P regime where mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal avocados were of similar size. Both mycorrhizal isolates increased absorption of N, P, and Cu at all fertilizer treatments and absorption of Zn was increased with all fertilizer treatments by one mycorrhizal isolate. Fertilization with P did not alter P concentrations in leaves of nonmycorrhizal plants but increased P concentrations in leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings. Fertilization with 10×P increased P concentrations in both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings. One GF isolate appeared to be superior to the other based on mineral nutrition of the host avocados. Differences between the isolates apparently were related to their rate of growth or ability to infect. Poor growth of avocado seedlings in steamed or fumigated soil can be related to poor mineral nutrition due to the destruction of mycorrhizal fungi.
Effect of Harvest Date on Yield and Grade Distribution Relationships for Pickling Cucumbers Harvested Once-over1
Authors: O'Sullivan John , Colwell H. T. M.
Published: September 2022

Pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were harvested once-over at 24-hour intervals for periods of from 6-11 days over a 3-year period to study the effect of harvest date on yield, average crop value, and grade distributions, and to identify criteria that could be used to identify optimum harvest date in the field. The relationship between yield (MT/ha) and average crop value ($/MT) was linear (R2>.90) indicating that average crop value would be a satisfactory criterion to indicate optimum harvest date. The relationships between yield and grade 1 and grade 5 cucumbers (% by number and by weight) and grade 4 cucumbers (% by number) were also linear (R2>.68) indicating that these measures of grade distribution could also be used to indicate optimum harvest date. The relationship between yield and % by weight and by number of grade 2 and 3 cucumbers did not follow a consistent pattern and were not considered to be satisfactory indicators of optimum harvest date.
İŞ GÖRME BORCU DOĞURAN SÖZLEŞMELERDE TARAFLARDAN BİRİNİN ÖLÜMÜNÜN ASLİ EDİM YÜKÜMLÜLÜKLERİNİN İFASINA ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇAVDAR Pelin , AYDIN Sema
Published: September 2022

İş görme borcu doğuran sözleşmelerde asıl olan, borçlanılan edimin sözleşmeye uygun olarak şahsen ifa edilmesidir. Zira bu sözleşmelerde, tarafın kişiliği, yetenek ve becerisi göz önünde bulundurularak ve ona güvenilerek sözleşme akdedilmektedir. Bu bağlamda konuya ilişkin eser sözleşmesini düzenleyen TBK m.486 hükmünde, yüklenicinin kişisel özellikleri dikkate alınarak akdedilen eser sözleşmesinde, yüklenicinin ölümü ile sözleşmenin kendiliğinden sona ereceği hükme bağlanmaktadır. Konuya ilişkin TBK m.513 hükmünde de, vekilin veya vekâlet verenin ölümünün kural olarak vekâlet sözleşmesini kendiliğinden sona erdireceği kaleme alınmaktadır. Hizmet sözleşmesinde de durum farklı değildir. TBK m.440 açık bir şekilde işçinin ölümü halinde hizmet sözleşmesinin kendiliğinden sona ereceğini düzenlemektedir. Söz konusu düzenlemenin hemen sonrasında da TBK m.441/f.2 işverenin kişilik özellikleri dikkate alınarak kurulan hizmet sözleşmelerinin de işverenin ölümü ile kendiliğinden sona ereceğini düzenlemektedir. Çalışmamızda, eser, vekâlet ve hizmet sözleşmelerinde taraflardan birinin ölümünün sözleşmeden doğan asli borçlara nasıl bir etkisi olduğuna ilişkin ayrıntılı açıklamalar yapılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, sözleşmenin tarafların kişisel özelliklerinin dikkate alınarak akdedilmesine göre, ölümün sözleşmeden doğan asli borçlara etkisi incelenecektir.
KÜRESELLEŞEN DÜNYADA SANAT EĞİTİMİ VE SANAT ÜRÜNLERİNİN EKONOMİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Yıldız Uğur
Published: September 2022

Küreselleşen dünyada ekonominin sanat eğitimi ve sanat ürünleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri geniş bir alan yazın taraması sonucunda elde edilmiş ve incelenmiştir.
Küreselleşen dünyada ekonomi en önemli alanlardan biridir ve pek çok alanı da etkilemektedir. Ekonominin sanat eğitimi ve sanat ürünleri ile ilişkisi incelendiğinde biri birini etkileyen önemli etkenler oldukları görülmüştür. Ekonomi ile sanatın bir birini geliştiren ve çoğaltan unsurlar oldukları özellikle dikkat çekmektedir. Nitelikli bir sanat eğitimi, nitelikli sanat ürünlerine dönüşeceğinden eğitimin rolü yadsınamaz. Ayrıca sanat eğitimine ve sanatın üretilmesine devlet desteğinin sağlanması da sanatın niteliğinden ödün vermemesi açısından oldukça önemlidir.
Analysis of Vaginal Microbiome in Women with or Without Episodes of Spontaneous Abortion in Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Emele Felix Emele , Onyeulor Prisca , Nwaokorie Francisca , Asogwa Damian
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is a common adverse pregnancy outcome earth-wide, and has remained a challenge in Nigeria. This study aimed at comparing the vaginal microbiome of women who have had episodes of spontaneous abortion with those who have not experienced any incident - in order to find out any possible role of vaginal microbiota in spontaneous abortion.
STUDY DESIGN: High vaginal swab samples were collected from the vagina fornix of 6 women of reproductive age, with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion, as well as those without such history (non-spontaneous abortion). The samples were analyzed and interpreted by standard metagenomic and bioinformatic techniques.
RESULTS: The following phyla were encountered in spontaneous abortion and non-spontaneous abortion, respectively: Firmicutes (69.4%, 94.9%), Actinobacteria (12.7%, 1.1%), Bacteroidetes (9.5%, 2.8%), Proteobacteria (7.9%, 0.3%), Chloroflexi (0.2%, 0.0%), Fusobacteria (0.2%, 0.0%), Tenericutes (0.02%, 1.0%). There was more bacterial diversity in spontaneous abortion (H=2.34856) than in Non-spontaneous abortion (H=0.61384), with evenness (EH) of 0.60668 and 0.24703, respectively. On the contrary, Lactobacillus had more relative abundance in non-spontaneous abortion (83%) than spontaneous abortion (23.5%). The following genera (among others) occurred exclusively in spontaneous abortion: Enterococcus (relative abundance=26%), Peptostreptococcus (5.1%), Anaerococcus (2.4%), Dialister (2.1%), Streptococcus (1.9%), Megasphaera (1.3%), Mobiluncus (1.0%), Peptinophilus (0.9%), and Veillonella (0.7%). The efficiency of taxonomic identification, using the operational taxonomic unit clustering method, declined, downstream, from family to species levels.
CONCLUSION: Recurrent spontaneous abortion appears to be associated with low vaginal Lactobacillus abundance and high bacterial diversity. We recommend that the current operational taxonomic unit -based sequence taxonomic analysis technique be reviewed.
Effects of the Counseling Program on Strengthening Mental-Crisis Management to Strengthen Adolescent Life Crisis Awareness
Authors: Jirarode Angkana , Rungrojwatanasiri Pisit
Published: September 2022

Background:

A mental crisis is a dangerous state with many subsequent harmful effects on the adolescent. It is a state in which the adolescent needs help and must get that help immediately. If they do not receive the assistance they require, they may end up isolating themselves from social interaction and become completely preoccupied with themselves. The counseling program is therefore being put into effect to strengthen the mental crisis management capacity of adolescents and to offer counseling and assistance to students who find themselves beset with a mental crisis so that they will be fully able to manage their mental crises, restore a sense of balance to their psyches, and carry on with their lives effectively.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to compare the life crisis awareness scores of adolescent students enrolled in a program of study at Thammasat University.

Methods:

This research was quasi-experimental and consisted of a two-group pretest-post test design. They were subdivided into two groups of 30 students each by simple random sampling, of which one group was the experimental group and the other was control group. The experimental group underwent a counseling program of bolstering mental crisis management capacity once a week for a period of six weeks. Results were assessed using a crisis awareness evaluation form. Results were assessed twice, before testing and after testing. The data were analyzed by the statistics of percentage, mean, dependent t-test, and independent t-test.

Results:

1. The average life crisis awareness scores of the adolescents in the experimental group following acceptance into the counseling program by fortifying their mental crisis management capacity (M=132.77, SD=11.03) were higher than they were prior to program entry (M=113.73, SD=14.40), with a statistical significance (t=6.81, p<0.001).

2. The average life crisis awareness scores of the experimental group that had been accepted into the above-mentioned counseling program were higher after undergoing testing (M=132.77, SD=11.03) than the scores for the control group (M=118.83, SD=10.73), with a statistical significance (t=4.95, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

This program thus helps the adolescent restore a sense of mental balance and live a normal happy life.
Targeting of Hypoxia for Therapeutic Strategy in the Varied Physiological States
Authors: Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen , Afolabi Lawrence Boluwatife , Rotimi Damilare Emmanuel , Ofume Dubem Sharon , Adeyanju Anne Adebukola , Awakan Oluwakemi Josephine , Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana
Published: September 2022

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that initiate the expression of cellular processes to cope with hypoxic conditions. HIFs are principal regulators of hypoxic adaptation, regulating gene expression involved in glycolysis, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and stem cell function under low O2. HIFs may play a pivotal role in tumor survival and metastasis in cancer formation and growth. Likewise, HIFs play a key role in microbial pathogenesis, particularly in host-pathogen interaction. Because of the role that HIF-1alpha plays in the biology of cancer and infections, it is a potential therapeutic target not only for malignant growth but also for parasitic infection. Several reports have demonstrated the up-regulation of host cellular HIFs due to infection-induced hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible pathways have attracted great interest in the down-regulation of prolyl hydroxylase for treating inflammatory diseases and infections by viruses, protozoa, or bacteria, among other pathogens. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that HIFs play an important regulatory role in inflammation. For example, in macrophages, HIFs regulate glycolytic energy generation and optimize innate immunity, control pro-inflammatory gene expression, mediate the killing of pathogens and influence cell migration. Therefore, a good understanding of the biochemical mechanism of hypoxia signaling pathways will shed more light on how it could help identify and develop new treatment strategies for cancer and parasitic diseases, including viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoa infections.
Silicon Reduces the Severity of Fusarium Infection on Young Wheat Parts In Vitro
Authors: Sakr Nachaat
Published: September 2022

Background:

Although silicon (Si) has been referred as an essential element for controlling destructive diseases of wheat, available data are limited about enhancing adult wheat resistance against Fusarium causing head blight. Also, no reports seem to exist on the use of Si to reduce Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) on young wheat parts in vitro. Under in vitro conditions, Fusarium infection happened at the seedling stage cannot be called Fusarium head blight, because it is not a “head” disease, instead it could be called “FSB”.

Objective and Methods:

This research aimed to elucidate the bio-efficacy of soluble Si at 1.7 mM to increase wheat resistance to FSB measured by latent period (LP) of detached leaf inoculation, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Petri-dish inoculation and coleoptile length reduction (CLR) of a coleoptile infection detected in vitro. Si treatments were applied to six bread and durum wheat cultivars of contrasting susceptibility to disease infected with four Fusarium species displaying a diverse pathogenicity.

Results:

Differences were observed on wheat detached leaves and seedlings in the resistance of Si-Fusarium-inoculated treatments relative to fungal-inoculated-controls, showing the beneficial role played by this element in decreasing head blight disease symptoms on young plant parts under in vitro conditions. In all wheat cultivars infected with different Fusarium species, the application of Si did increase host resistance measured in vitro; 1.7 mM Si resulted in significantly higher LP and lesser AUDPC and CLR compared with controls. More importantly, Si at 1.7 mM increased host resistance of susceptible to moderately susceptible cultivars measured by LP, AUDPC and CLR to the same level of resistance exhibited by a wheat cultivar high in quantitative resistance without Si.

Conclusion:

This is the first report presenting the utility of three distinct in vitro bio-assays to investigate the effect of Si in the wheat- FSB pathosystem. The application of silicon to complement host resistance to head blight appears to be an effective strategy for disease management in wheat.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTONOMY, WORKLOAD, AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE TO JOB PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE LECTURERS AT PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES DURING PANDEMIC COVID -19
Authors:   Management Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia, Meilani Yohana F. Cahya Palupi , Bernarto Innocentius ,   Management Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia, Nahar Faiza Husnayeni ,   Economics Department, Universidad de Granada, Spain
Published: September 2022

The urgency of this research is to see the performance of female lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of each variable, namely autonomy, workload and work-life balance, to the job performance of female lecturers at private universities during pandemic covid-19. This type of research is quantitative research. The object of this research is female lecturers at private universities in Tangerang, Indonesia. The sampling used purposive sampling techniques. The analytical tool used is the multiple regression used program SPSS. The results show a positive relationship between autonomy and job performance. Then, the workload has a negative relationship with job performance. Also, work-life balance has a positive relationship with job performance. The managerial implication found in this study shows that this research can give input to private university managers to manage female lecturer performance during pandemic Covid-19. Future researchers are expected to research lecturers at private and nonprivate Universities. The contribution of this research expected can give input to private university managers to manage female lecturer performance during pandemic Covid-19.
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP AND WORK MOTIVATION IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: WITH JOB SATISFACTION INTERVENING VARIABLES
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Indonesia, Qomariah Nurul , Lusiyati Lusiyati ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Indonesia, Martini Ni Nyoman Putu ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Indonesia, Nursaid Nursaid ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to examine the role of leadership style and work motivation in improving performance by involving feelings of satisfaction from employees (job satisfaction) as an intermediary variable in Freelance Daily Workers (THL) at the Banyuwangi Regional Secretary. The number of freelance daily workers (THL) at the Banyuwangi Regency Secretariat. The population in this study were all employees of the Daily Leasing Office of the Regional Secretariat of Banyuwangi Regency, amounting to 101 employees. Determination of the sample using a saturated sample so that the number of samples is 101 respondents. The descriptive analysis method is used to describe the respondents, and the variables used. Smart PLS 3.0 application is used in this study as an analytical tool to answer the hypothesis. The results showed that the leadership style variable in an organization could increase the job satisfaction of THL employees at the Banyuwangi Regional Secretariat. Work motivation from employees has a significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction of casual daily workers also affects employee performance. The leadership style possessed by the leaders at the Banyuwangi Regency Secretary also affects employee performance. Work motivation significantly affects employee performance at the Daily Leasing Office of the Regional Secretariat of Banyuwangi Regency. Leadership style and work motivation can increase employee satisfaction and performance at the Regional Secretary of Banyuwangi Regency. Therefore there needs to be an effort to improve employees' leadership style and work motivation.
Een raadselachtige Romeinse koepeloven uit Hengelo (Ov.)
Authors: Ufkes Adrie
Published: September 2022

A mysterious Roman kiln from Hengelo (province of Overijssel). In Hengelo (province of Overijssel) a rural settlement was excavated by SOB Research, and the pottery was studied by the author. The pottery belongs in the Rhein-Weser-Germanische tradition and dates mainly from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. The fill of a well contained not only a huge number of potsherds and other archaeological material, but also fragments of a kiln. Considering the fabric of the clay, the absence of signs of a very high oven temperature, the absence of soot, the S-shaped profile of the dome and its relative height and narrowness, it is argued that the kiln was used for processing smoked or dried meat.