bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HLA-B*07, HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*12, and HLA-C*03:02 Strongly Associate With BMI: Data From 1.3 Million Healthy Chinese Adults
Authors: Shen Jie , Guo Tingwei , Wang Tao , Zhen Yisong , Ma Xiao , Wang Yuan , Zhang Zhi-Xin , Cai Jian-Ping , Mao Wei , Zhu Fa-Ming , Li Jian-Ping , Wang Zhen-Lei , Zhang De-Mei , Liu Meng-Li , Shan Xiao-Yan , Zhang Bo-Wei , Zhu Chuan-Fu , Deng Zhi-Hui , Yu Wei-Jian , Chen Qiang , Li Guo-Liang , Yang Tao , Lu Shan , Pan Qin-Qin , Fan Su , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zhao Xing , Bi Xin-Yun , Qiao Yan-Hui , Su Pin-Can , Lv Rong , Li Guo-Ying , Li Heng-Cong , Pei Bin , Jiao Li-Xin , Shen Gang , Liu Jie , Feng Zhi-Hui , Su Yu-Ping , Xie Yu-Bin , Di Wen-Ying , Wang Xin-Yu , Liu Xiang , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Du Dan , Liu Qi , Han Ying , Chen Jia-Wei , Gu Min , Baier Leslie J.
Published: February 2018

Strong associations between HLA alleles and infectious and autoimmune diseases are well established. Although obesity is also associated with these diseases, the relationship between HLA and obesity has not been systematically investigated in a large cohort. In the current study, we analyzed the association of HLA alleles with BMI using data from 1.3 million healthy adult donors from the Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP). We found 23 HLA alleles, including 12 low-resolution and 11 high-resolution alleles, were significantly associated with BMI after correction for multiple testing. Alleles associated with high BMI were enriched in haplotypes that were common in both Chinese and European populations, whereas the alleles associated with low BMI were enriched in haplotypes common only in Asians. Alleles B*07, DRB1*07, DRB1*12, and C*03:02 provided the strongest associations with BMI (P = 6.89 × 10−10, 1.32 × 10−9, 1.52 × 10−9, and 4.45 × 10−8, respectively), where B*07 and DRB1*07 also had evidence for sex-specific effects (Pheterogeneity = 0.0067 and 0.00058, respectively). These results, which identify associations between alleles of HLA-B, DRB1, and C with BMI in Chinese young adults, implicate a novel biological connection between HLA alleles and obesity.
Existence, Identity and Survive Strategy Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya
Authors: Sitowati Inggit
Published: February 2018

Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya is one of Ketoprak tobong that still exist and survive from the onslaught of modern entertainment. Ketoprak tobong is a traditional Javanese theatrical art which performs and lives by moving from one place to another within a period of time. They maintain their existence because of their deep love for the Ketoprak world. In addition they have a sense of responsibility to preserve the nation’s cultural heritage by maintaining their tobong group. For them the Ketoprak world and tobong is their identity. The members of this group were born and grew up from the Ketoprak’s family and environment. The existence and identity of this group is formed from habitus, capital and field. For survive strategy, they apply the principles of kinship, flexibly apply the rules, looking for donors, and promotes the group through a variety of cultural events. To make ends meet they have other jobs, including craft, making costumes, makeup, and a singer in a wedding.
Cultural Survival, Continuance and the Oral Tradition: Mendu Theatre of the Riau Islands Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thomas Karen Kartomi
Published: February 2018

This article seeks to describe Mendu theatre that is performed in Sedanau, Natuna regency (kabupaten) of one of Indonesia’s newest provinces, the Riau Island. 1 Once popular at the turn of the 20 th century and in the 1970s and 1980s, there were local Mendu groups in every village of Natuna in parts of northern and eastern Bunguran island, and other smaller islands such as Sedanau, Pulau Tiga, Karempak, Midai, Siantan, and Anambas (K.S. Kartomi 1986; Illyassabli, 2013; Akib 2014). The oral tradition keeps a people’s culture alive across generations by performing episodes from memory. Mendu theatre episodes express and reinstate the cultural values of the Natuna people. Language, culture, customary laws and how the people think are transmitted orally through the arts and through the embodied knowledge of theatre performance practices.
Rājādhirāt: From the History to an Influential literature for Mon-accented Thai traditional Repertoires
Authors: Kanchanapradit Jarun , Bhrammaputra Wanida
Published: February 2018

This article aimed to study Mon-accented Thai traditional repertoires through Rājādhirāt literature, which owe its origin from the Chronicles of the Mon. It is the story about the battle between the king Rājādhirāt of Pegu and King Farang Mang Kong of Ava. The translated Thai language prose version was arranged by Chao Phraya Phra Khlang (Hon), a poet master during King Rama I. Later during King Rama V, the Rājādhirāt was adapted for theatrical play – Lakorn Pan Tang – leading to development in musical front in order to assign appropriate Mon-accented musical pieces for the characters, their expressions, and story. Anthropologically, Rājādhirāt Literature was not only an entertainment, but also a revival of Mon-accented Thai traditional repertoires which have been associated with the Thai society for so long. The repertoires served as a reminder of once-flourishing Mon history through literature, play, music. Analysis of historical evidence, concerned persons such as the translator of Rājādhirāt from Burmese to Thai language, experienced Thai musician who played and assigned the repertoires; and expressive interpretation of musical repertoires from Rājādhirāt play by the Fine Arts Department are the integral process that made this article present another perspectives of Mon-accented Thai traditional repertoires while featuring relationship between literature, play and music in Thailand.
The Artist: Silent Technique in Film Form
Authors: Nugroho Agustinus Dwi
Published: February 2018

The Artist is a film that uses the silent era techniques to visualize the film. This study sought to uncover what the motivation behind the use of techniques to the silent era films with his observation of the text of both aspects of the narrative as well as aspects of the technique. The findings of the observation process could be the basis of analysis. The Artist makes this silent era technology into a cinematic technique to visualize the film. This has become a strong motivation and able to demonstrate the strength of the story as a whole that tells about the silent era transition process from the perspective of the player. The silent era techniques were used to make this technique as a force in the film. This study focuses on how the technique of the silent era emerged as a new technique in the world of film and brings new perspective in film studies. This new technique emerged because it was never used fully in the present.
¿Es la pedagogía la herramienta de la práctica docente? El caso de la evaluación
Authors: Suárez Licet Katerine
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo busca mostrar la importancia de la integración de los saberes disciplinario y pedagógico en uno de los mecanismos de la práctica docente y al cual se le ha dado poca importancia en la propia práctica de la universidad: la evaluación. Se hace una reflexión discursiva desde la óptica del discente, ilustrando con casos de la realidad del programa de lengua castellana.
Sentido de investigación de lo real en educación
Authors: Perafán Echeverri Lucy
Published: February 2018

Las expresiones, idas y venidas de análisis y concepciones en las disciplinas científicas y la práctica pedagógica de las mismas revelan que el sujeto en algún momento se encuentra con el temor del recuerdo y de la debí! Jad de no hacer conciencia del valor del conocimiento. Parece inverosímil que el conocimiento tenga relación con la sinrazón. Es decir, a menudo resulta más fácil aceptar una cosa que comprenderla.
Lesiones por minas antipersona y munición sin explotar, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, 2005-2009
Authors: Astaiza Arias Gilberto Mauricio , Calderón Ramírez Viviana Andrea
Published: February 2018

Colombia ha vivido un prolongado conflicto armado interno durante aproximadamente cinco décadas. En este, las acciones bélicas se han caracterizado por la alta degradación en las formas de actuar de los diferentes actores armados, causando gran impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población civil y combatientes. Con el fin de establecer las características de las lesiones en personas afectadas por las minas antipersonal (MAP) y municiones sin explotar (MUSE) que fueron atendidas quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva, entre los años 2005-2009, se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, serie de casos retrospectivo. Fueron 41 lesionados por las MAP-MUSE atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva, obtenidos mediante la revisión de los registros de patología y de las historias clínicas. Entre los resultados se encuentra que la mayoría de los afectados por MAP-MUSE son hombres jóvenes militares, cuyos miembros inferiores son los más afectados. A todos los lesionados se les hizo amputación quirúrgica de la extremidad afectada, y más de la mitad de ellos iniciaron rehabilitación con la adaptación de una prótesis. Este problema de salud pública evidencia la degradación del conflicto armado, con gran impacto en la población de las zonas rurales y amerita profundizar en el cumplimiento de los tratados para la prohibición de estas armas, además de enfatizar en procesos de prevención y de educación en las zonas de riesgo, mientras se busca la solución negociada del conflicto armado interno.
Nefrotoxicidad por cisplatino en pacientes de la unidad de cancerología del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva
Authors: Mosquera Méndez Juan Diego , Cuellar Hernández Juan Sebastián , Esquivel Plazas Wilmer David , Benavides López Ernesto Federico
Published: February 2018

La nefrotoxicidad es un efecto secundario a la lesión renal generada por medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento del cáncer; esta es una causa de interrupción del tratamiento y disminución de la dosis en quimioterapia debido a la alteración en la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG). El objetivo fue determinar las alteraciones de la función renal en pacientes adultos con carcinoma de cérvix, testículo, ovario, pulmón, cabeza y cuello que recibían quimioterapia en la unidad de Cancerología del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo. Es un estudio descriptivo, tipo serie de casos, en el cual se incluyeron 77 pacientes mayores de 18 años con las patologías anteriormente nombradas, atendidos en la unidad de cancerología del Hospital Universitario-Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva desde el 1 de marzo de 2001 hasta el 28 de febrero de 2012. Se tuvieron en cuenta pacientes que reportaran medición de creatinina sérica y parcial de orina antes y después de los ciclos de quimioterapia. Se calculó la TFG mediante la ecuación clásica Modification of Diet in Renal Disease MDRD y se usó el algoritmo de Naranjo para observar concordancia entre la reacción adversa a medicamentos (RAM). Las diferencias entre las medidas de antes y después se establecieron mediante el uso de una prueba t student que fue calculada con el software Stata 11,1. Los valores de TFG presentaron una disminución del 9,2%, después de las terapias antineoplásicas. Esta disminución se encuentra en relación con la edad, tipo de neoplasia y el número de ciclos quimioterapéuticos.
A common precursor to both prebiotic and biological pathways to RNA nucleotides
Authors: Pérez-Villa Andrea , Georgelin Thomas , Lambert Jean-François , Maurel Marie-Christine , Guyot François , Saitta A. Marco , Pietrucci Fabio
Published: February 2018

Understanding the mechanism of spontaneous formation of ribonucleotides under realistic prebiotic conditions is a key open issue of origins-of-life research. In cells, de novo and salvage nucleotide enzymatic synthesis combines 5-phospho-α-D-ribose-1-diphosphate (α-PRPP) and nucleobases. Interestingly, these reactants are also known as prebiotically plausible compounds. Combining ab initio simulations with mass spectrometry experiments, we compellingly demonstrate that nucleobases and α-PRPP spontaneously combine, through the same facile mechanism, forming both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides, under mild hydrothermal conditions. Surprisingly, this mechanism is very similar to the biological one, and yields ribonucleotides with the same anomeric carbon chirality as in biological systems. These results suggest that natural selection might have optimized – through enzymes – a pre-existing ribonucleotide formation mechanism, carrying it forward to modern life forms.
HISTÓRIA, DEMOCRACIA E PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO NA APLICAÇÃO DOS DIREITO S FUNDAMENTAI S
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Fonseca de , Alves Fernando De Brito , Diniz Lucas Thainan Mendes
Published: February 2018

Valendo-se de revisões bibliográficas e de um método histórico, opresente trabalho é apresentado em duas partes. Na primeira delas, traz-se um escorço histórico a respeito da evolução do direitos fundamentais, com a preocupação de se esmiuçar conceitos-chave relacionados à sua teoria geral. Visa-se, assim, a alcançar um suporte para explicar o fato de os direitos fundamentais serem interpretados da forma que o são hoje, procurando-se ainda demonstrar a relevância da história para os sentidos contemporâneos e a importância dessa conjuntura para o direito brasileiro após a Constituição da República de1988. Continuamente, na segunda parte, são problematizadas, em síntese, duas questões: a positividade dos direitos fundamentais e a relação entre eles e a democracia. Na primeira questão, pois, a fim de se propor a irracionalidade de argumentos que sustentam a existência de direitos fundamentais absolutos, são desmistificadas confusões comuns entre direito e justiça, quase sempre sustentadas sob um viés jusnaturalista. Na segunda, de teor concludente, apresenta-sede maneira crítica a relação entre o direito e a realidade democrática vigente, com vistas a desconstruir o pensamento recorrente de que, nos dias atuais, a democracia clássica ainda seria bastante para efetivar os direitos fundamentais.
Um estudo sobre esquemas totalmente homomórficos sobre números inteiros.
Authors: Bilar Guilherme Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo generalizado dos principais esquemas totalmente homomórficos existentes, tendo como foco os esquemas totalmente homomórficos baseados na álgebra de números inteiros, mais especificamente o esquema DGHV e as melhorias propostas por Coron. Foi realizado um mapeamento e um estudo profundo principais esquemas criptográficos totalmente homomórficos, partindo da tese original de Gentry em 2009, até estudos mais recentes, como os esquemas baseados no problema de aprendizagem de erros, e as técnicas de redução de chave pública propostas por Coron.
Recuperação da Informação em Ambientes Semânticos: uma ferramenta aplicada à publicações científicas
Authors: Coneglian Caio Saraiva , Fusco Elvis
Published: February 2018

The data available on the Web is growing exponentially, providing information of high added value to organizations. Such information can be arranged in diverse bases and in varied formats, like videos and photos in social media. However, unstructured data present great difficulty for the information retrieval, not efficiently meeting the informational needs of the users, because there are problems in understanding the meaning of documents stored on the Web. In the context of an Information Retrieval architecture, this research aims to The implementation of a semantic extraction agent in the context of the Web that allows the location, treatment and retrieval of information in the context of Big Data in the most varied informational sources that serves as the basis for the implementation of informational environments that aid the Information Retrieval process , Using ontology to add semantics to the process of retrieval and presentation of results obtained to users, thus being able to meet their needs.
Interface de Usuários para o Enriquecimento da Consciência Situacional em Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Emergência
Authors: Oliveira Natália , Rodrigues Fábio , Souza Jessica , Botega Leonardo , Araújo Regina
Published: February 2018

Situational Awareness (SAW) is a concept widely used in areas that require critical decision making, such as in the field of emergency management. SAW is related to the level of perception and understanding that an individual has about real events occurring in complex scenarios, which must be managed by critical systems. Such critical systems require specialized user interfaces (UI) to give operators a dynamic understanding of what is happening in the environment. A challenging issue in the design of SAW-oriented interfaces is to determine how the human-computer interface process can be constructed for SAW enrichment, considering environments with heterogeneous data sources, limitations in data quality, and ever-changing situations. The problem increases when information is subject to uncertainties, which may compromise the situation analysis process. In addition, humans make decisions based on their own understanding of the event, which allied with experience and knowledge can be valuable assets to be used to process situational information about emergencies for the acquisition of SAW. The objective of this work is to demonstrate how to include a SAI-oriented UI in the process of evaluating emergency situations and to present the development of a UI that promotes the management of situational information of emergencies to promote the acquisition of SAW. The results present a specified routine for employing specialized UIs in SAW as part of a situation assessment process, which supports a strong integration between the human operator and other phases of the process, such as quality assessment, data fusion and information visualization , As well as a prototype interface that meets the process. A case study with a critical scenario of a theft event is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach
Representação Gráfica de Tecidos Orgânicos Humanos Vivos
Authors: Nunes Augusto Luengo Pereira , Maciel Anderson , Walter Marcelo
Published: February 2018

Aplicações médicas como simuladores virtuais de cirurgia são importantes ferramentas de estudo e treinamento para a área médica. A qualidade visual das cenas virtuais beneficia o desenvolvimento de habilidades pertinentes, de acordo com o conceito de simulação PSVR (\textit{Patient Specific Virtual Reality}). Neste contexto, técnicas de representação gráfica de tecidos orgânicos são fundamentais para o realismo de tais simulações. A Computação Gráfica apresenta abordagens características, que podem ser classificadas de acordo com o processo de simulação da interação entre a luz e o material orgânico. O presente trabalho apresenta as principais contribuições para a simulação de tecido humano vivo, principalmente de órgãos internos, e propõe uma nova taxonomia para tais métodos.
SWARE: An approach to support software aging and rejuvenation experiments
Authors: Melo Matheus D'Eça Torquato de , Araujo Jean , Umesh I M , Martins Maciel Paulo Romero
Published: February 2018

The need for uninterrupted computing services demands for high system availability and reliability. Techniques and methods to estimate and analyze system dependability are essential to support software deployment and maintenance. Software aging appears as a relevant issue in this context. Software aging is a cumulative process which leads long-running systems to hangs or failures. Software rejuvenation is used to counteract software aging. Software rejuvenation usually comprises system reboot or application restart to bringing software to a stable fresh state. This paper proposes an approach to investigate software aging effects and software rejuvenation effectiveness on a single experiment. The approach has three phases: (i) Stress Phase - stress environment with the accelerated workload to induce bugs activation; (ii) Wait Phase - stop workload submission to observe the system state after workload submission; (iii) Rejuvenation Phase - find the impacts caused by the software rejuvenation. We named our approach as SWARE (Stress-Wait-Rejuvenation). To validate the SWARE approach, we present a case study. This case study consists of an experiment of VM Live Migration as rejuvenation mechanism for VMM software aging. The considered testbed is a Private Cloud with OpenNebula and KVM 1.0. The obtained results show that VM live migration is useful as rejuvenation for VMM software aging.
Uma Uma Técnica Prognóstica para Desenvolvimento Seguro de Aplicativo Android
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Luis Dias Martins , Dos Santos Anderson F. P. , Choren Ricardo
Published: February 2018

A procura por vulnerabilidades em aplicativos (app) para Android, através de uma abordagem baseada no dex bytecode do app, tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos trabalhos. Esta abordagem, denominada deteção tardia, que ocorre quando a aplicação está pronta, geralmente não identifica uma vulnerabilidade antes que diversos usuários já estejam expostos. Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica, baseada em análise estática com casamento de padrões, para identificar vulnerabilidades de forma antecipada, durante o processo de codificação do aplicativo. Esta técnica foi avaliada através de uma prova de conceito experimental com aplicativos open-source, analisados pela ferramenta appDroidAnalyzer, que identificou diversas aplicações com potenciais vulnerabilidades em seu código-fonte.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROGRAMA DE EXTENSÃO MINHA COMUNIDADE: UMA PARCERIA IFAL-MST NO SERTÃO ALAGOANO
Authors: Cosme Claudemir Martins , Correa Mariza Monteiro , Santos Erica Barros
Published: February 2018

RESUMO – O presente trabalho tem por objetivo central apresentar a experiência vivenciada no Programa de Extensão Minha Comunidade, fruto da parceria entre o Instituto Federal de Alagoas/Campus Piranhas e o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, desenvolvido entre abril/2016 e janeiro/2017. O foco do Programa foi, através das ações extensionistas, integrar e partilhar saberes/experiências entre os estudantes, docentes e técnicos administrativos do IFAL e as mulheres e os jovens assentados(as) que desenvolvem atividades agroindustriais e agroecológicas nos assentamentos rurais da Microrregião Alagoana do Sertão do São Francisco. Metodologicamente as atividades de construção do Programa foram: levantamento bibliográfico, grupo de estudos, seminários, visitas de campo e cursos nas comunidades rurais, além de um permanente diálogo construtivo entre os professores coordenadores da ação e as lideranças do MST. A aproximação do IFAL da realidade do espaço agrário do sertão alagoano; o aprendizado mútuo entre os participantes; a formação dos estudantes e a capacitação dos assentados(as) foram os resultados principais alcançados.
ANÁLISE DE ESCALA DIAGRAMÁTICA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA SEVERIDADE DA ANTRACNOSE DAS VAGENS DE FEIJÃO-FAVA
Authors: Feijó Frederico Monteiro , Da Silva Wellington Costa , Assunção Iraildes Pereira , Martins Ricardo Brainer , Michereff Sami Jorge , De Andrade Lima Gaus Silvestre
Published: February 2018

A antracnose das vagens, causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum truncatum, é uma importante doença do feijão-fava no Nordeste brasileiro. Devido à inexistência de métodos padronizados para quantificação desta doença no campo, uma escala diagramática desenvolvida para avaliação da severidade da antracnose em vagens do feijão-comum, com níveis de severidade variando de 1,5 a 34%, foi testada para acurácia, precisão, repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade das estimativas de severidade da antracnose em vagens de feijão-fava. No teste de validação da escala diagramática, 50 vagens de feijão-fava com diferentes níveis de severidade da doença, mensurados previamente com o programa ASSESSâ, foram avaliadas por 10 avaliadores, sem e com a utilização da escala diagramática. Foram realizadas duas avaliações com a utilização da escala, com intervalo de uma semana. A acurácia e a precisão de cada avaliador foram determinadas por regressão linear simples, entre a severidade real e a estimada. A utilização da escala diagramática não propiciou redução consistente dos erros absolutos dos avaliadores, que se concentraram na faixa entre 10 e 30%. O uso da escala diagramática na primeira e na segunda avaliação não resultou em reduções significativas dos erros sistemáticos e nem em melhoria na acurácia e precisão das estimativas quando comparado à avaliação sem o uso da escala. Além disso, os avaliadores não evidenciaram boa repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade nas estimativas da severidade da antracnose em vagens de feijão-fava com o uso da escala diagramática. Portanto, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento e a validação de uma escala diagramática específica para quantificação da antracnose em vagens de feijão-fava.
Releasing Microdata: Disclosure Risk Estimation, Data Masking and Assessing Utility
Authors: Shlomo Natalie
Published: February 2018

Statistical Agencies need to make informed decisions when releasing sample microdata from social surveys with respect to the level of protection required in the data and the mode of access. These decisions should be based on objective quantitative measures of disclosure risk and data utility. This paper reviews recent developments in disclosure risk assessment and discusses how these can be integrated with established methods of data masking and utility assessment for releasing microdata. We illustrate the Disclosure risk-Data Utility approach based on samples drawn from a Census where the population is known and can be used to investigate sample-based methods and validate results.
Editorial: In This Issue
Authors: Fienberg Stephen E.
Published: February 2018

This issue of the Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality focuses on privacy in com- mercial and public data. Issues regarding the privacy of data collected online and from mobile devices appear in the news almost daily. As Facebook has grown to encompass almost 600 million users, its privacy settings and policies have come under consider- able scrutiny. For an excellent graphical characterization of Facebook privacy we refer our readers to http://www.mattmckeon.com/facebook-privacy/ . Similarly, revelations regarding how Apple iPhones and Google Android phones have kept logs of users' precise location information have raised major concerns about privacy of individual information
Epistemologia da práxis e a produção do conhecimento
Authors: SOUZA Ruth Catarina Cerqueira Ribeiro de , MAGALHÃES Solange Martins Oliveira
Published: February 2018

O domínio da epistemologia é a ferramenta de que o homem dispõe para cuidar da orientação da produção do conhecimento, pois ajuda os sujeitos no entendimento e na intervenção no mundo natural e no mundo social. Nesse sentido, neste artigo trabalha-se a questão da epistemologia da práxis, referendada no método materialista histórico-dialético, como base da construção do conhecimento científico crítico e emancipador. Sustenta-se que, ao nortear os passos da produção acadêmica, gera-se um processo epistêmico que transcorre, explicitamente, no terreno da consciência, da interioridade, da desalienação, pois gerador de conhecimento significativo que conscientiza e emancipa, assegurando base crítica acerca das relações entre o epistêmico e o social. Palavras-chave: Epistemologia. Pesquisa. Professores. Conhecimento.
Avaliação do clima escolar por estudantes e professores: construção e validação de instrumentos de medida
Authors: Moro Adriano , Morais Alessandra De , Vinha Telma Pileggi , Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino
Published: February 2018

O presente estudo objetivou a construção e análise de evidências de validação de instrumentos de medida para avaliar o clima escolar, na perspectiva de alunos e professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Após revisão de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais que investigavam o clima escolar, foram elaboradas uma matriz de referência e itens avaliativos adequados às escolas brasileiras. Feita a análise de conteúdo por especialistas, foram aplicados em uma amostra de 797 alunos e 243 professores de escolas públicas e particulares. Para validação de construto, foi utilizado o modelo teórico Reflexivo, em que, no procedimento de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, foram obtidas cargas fatoriais significantes, nos diferentes instrumentos. Palavras-chave: Avaliação do Clima Escolar. Construção e Validação de Instrumentos. Realidade Escolar Brasileira.
PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUKSI DENGAN MODEL GRAFIK KONTROL P PADA PT. ASERA TIRTA POSIDONIA
Authors: Haryono Didi
Published: February 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengendalian kualitas produksi dengan model grafik kontrol P sebagai upaya menekan jumlah produk cacat dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan/ cacat produk yang diproduksi oleh PT. Asera Tirta Posidonia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kuantitatif dengan data sekunder. Langkah-langkah analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan check sheet dan histogram untuk menyajikan data, grafik kontrol P (P-chart), diagram fish bone, dan rekomendasi/ usulan dalam perbaikan kualitas. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan dengan melihat grafik kendali P (P-chart) yang menunjukan bahwa kualitas produk berada di luar batas kendali statistika (statistics out control). Hal ini dapat dilihat pada grafik kendali yang menunjukkan masih ada titik-titik yang berada di luar batas kendali dan titik tersebut berfluktuasi serta tidak beraturan. Hal ini merupakan indikasi bahwa proses berada dalam keadaan tidak terkendali atau masih mengalami penyimpangan sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Hasil analisis diagram fishbone dapat diketahui empat faktor yang menjadi penyebab kerusakan dalam proses produksi yaitu berasal dari faktor pekerja, mesin produksi, metode kerja, bahan baku dan lingkungan kerja. Oleh karena itu, faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan dapat segera dilakukan tindakan perbaikan agar tidak terjadi kerusakan yang lebih besar lagi berdasarkan usulan perbaikan tindakan yang telah dikemukakan.
Influence of microstructural parameters of indefinite chill alloys on flexural strength and Young's modulus
Authors: Paar Armin , Schneider Reinhold , Sommitsch Christof
Published: February 2018

The investigated indefinite chill materials are designed for highest wear resistances for surface-critical applications in hot strip mills. The microstructure consists of tempered martensite together with cementite and MC carbides as well as a certain amount of graphite in different morphologies. These alloys have very high hardness values and a poor toughness which makes it rather difficult to measure the mechanical properties with standard testing methods. These materials were successfully tested with the 4-point bending method and reliable and comprehensible values for the flexural strength and the Young's modulus were generated. A clear correlation between those values and the total amount of carbides and graphite was found. Also, both values are dependent from the shape of the graphite precipitations. The investigations prove that the 4-point bending test is a feasible method to test the mechanical properties of indefinite chill alloys.
Comparative study of the testing approaches for the susceptibility of high-strength fasteners to environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE)
Authors: Gosheva Olesya , Andersohn Georg , Oechsner Matthias
Published: February 2018

Low-alloyed, high-strength steels with yield strength above 1200 MPa are frequently used in the automotive industry, in order to reduce the weight of the components. However, hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility is often a concern for this group of materials. Hydrogen can be produced on the metal surface, as a result of electrochemical corrosion reaction during service. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the various loading procedures according to the existing technical specifications for environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE) testing. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of high strength fasteners (strength class 14.8) was tested according to the well-established testing specifications: DIN 50969-2, DIN EN ISO 7539, ASTM F1624-12 in 5 wt.-% sodium chloride solution acidified to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid. Open circuit potential measurements were carried out during the testing procedure to gain understanding of the damage process in each of the testing approaches. Under the chosen testing conditions, rising step load (RSL) testing approach, specified in ASTM F1624-12, appeared as the most sensitive method for the evaluation of the material's hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.
Lightweight design of an automobile hinge component using glass fiber polyamide composites
Authors: Güler Taner , Demirci Emre , Yıldız Ali Rıza , Yavuz Uğur
Published: February 2018

In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in lightweight vehicle design due to regulations about reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Lightweight design of vehicle components is one of the most important research topics in vehicle design. Developing the optimum structure in the early stages of design process is very important for minimizing the vehicle weight and production costs. In this paper, an automobile hinge component has been developed using PA66 GF60 glass fiber-reinforced polyamide composite materials instead of conventional steel. The automobile hinge component has been conceived using computer aided design software. Topology optimization was made under specific loadings subject to the constraints of finite element method analysis. As a result of this study, optimum dimensions of the component have been obtained and the weight of the component has been reduced via structural topology optimization techniques while satisfying displacement and stress conditions. The results show that composite materials are an important alterative in lightweight vehicle design.
Influence of a stepped feed rate on burr formation when drilling Al-5005
Authors: Bahce Erkan , Ozel Cihan
Published: February 2018

In this study, the technique of drilling at stepped feed rate is suggested as a new method for reducing the burr size at the exit of a hole in Al-5005, without prolonging the drilling time. The hole was divided into two regions, which were drilled at different feed rates. As a reference for comparison analysis, Al-5005 was drilled at constant drilling parameters. The smallest burr size with constant drilling parameters was obtained at 140° point angle, 0.1 mm × rev−1 feed rate, and 400 rpm spindle speed. The parameters that mainly effect the burr size were determined to be point angle, feed rate and the spindle speed, respectively. The same material was drilled employing the method of stepped feed rate, where the first region of the hole was drilled at 140° point angle, feed rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm × rev−1, and spindle speeds of 400, 800, and 1200 rpm. The second region was drilled with a feed rate that was automatically adjusted by the CNC machine to be one tenth of the feed rate in the first region, without removing the drill bit from the hole. It was observed that, using the stepped feed rate method, the burr height and burr thickness were diminished by 35 % and 25 %, respectively, compared to constant drilling parameters.
Relationship between extrusion temperature and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ61
Authors: Hu Hongjun , Ying Yulei , Zhang Dingfei
Published: February 2018

The extrusion-shear (ES) process for magnesium alloys is a newly developed plastic deformation technique, which combines one step of direct extrusion and two steps of ECAP (equal channel angular pressing). Corrosion resistances of the AZ61 magnesium alloy fabricated by ES with different billet temperatures have been investigated and evaluated through immersion and electrochemical tests. Influences of Cl- concentrations, immersion times and pH values on the corrosion behaviors of samples have been evaluated by analyzing corrosion morphologies and compositions, and phase compositions of corrosive products by using SEM and X-ray diffraction. According to the experimental results, samples processed by ES at 440 °C billet temperature have a higher corrosion resistance than those prepared at a billet temperature of 400 °C, which might be attributed to the grain-size reduction and the redistribution of inter-metallic particles within microstructures.
Evaluation of Seeding Rate and Cultivar Effects on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeded in 76-cm Row Spacing
Authors: Plumblee M.T. , Tubbs R.S. , Prostko E.P. , Smith N.B.
Published: February 2018

Standard row spacing for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Georgia is 91-cm in a single-row pattern. Narrower row spacings are often used in crops grown in rotation with peanut. Therefore, converting peanut to narrower row spacing may be easier and beneficial to some growers if cultivars and seeding rates can be identified that can be grown in narrow rows without a reduction in yield and grade. Based on current University of Georgia recommendations, peanut is typically planted at 19 seed/m with a 91-cm row spacing. Using narrower row spacing and constant seeding rates, increased seed costs would be observed. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of cultivars and seeding rate in peanut planted in 76-cm single rows on yield, grade, and tomato spotted wilt virus (tospovirus) (TSWV) incidence. Experiments were conducted in 2008, 2010, and 2014 in Tifton, GA and in 2014 at Camilla, GA. Treatments were comprised of three cultivars (varying each year) and three seeding rates (14, 17, and 19 seed/m). Results indicate that pod yield, grade, and TSWV incidence were not affected by seeding rate. Seeding rate significantly influenced plant density where 14, 17, and 19 seed/m seeding rates resulted in 12.1, 13.2, and 13.8 peanut plants/m, respectively equating to a 9% and subsequent 4% increase in plant density as seeding rate increased. Seeding rate did not affect the rate of canopy closure, but cv. Georgia-12Y and TUFRunner™ ‘511’ had faster canopy closure than Georgia-06G. Peanut grade (total sound mature kernels) was not influenced by seeding rate, but did differ between cultivars. From these results, it can be concluded that 76-cm single-row can provide adequate yield and grade across multiple seeding rates. In addition, this study confirms that cultivar selection is the primary means for reducing TSWV incidence and altering grade in 76-cm peanut production.
Recent progress in Lynch syndrome and other familial colorectal cancer syndromes
Authors: Boland Patrick M. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Boland C. Richard
Published: February 2018

The current understanding of familial colorectal cancer was limited to descriptions of affected pedigrees until the early 1990s. A series of landscape‐altering discoveries revealed that there were distinct forms of familial cancer, and most were related to genes previously not known to be involved in human disease. This review largely focuses on advances in our understanding of Lynch syndrome because of the unique relationship of this disease to defective DNA mismatch repair and the clinical implications this has for diagnostics, prevention, and therapy. Recent advances have occurred in our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease, and the advent of broad genetic panels has altered the approach to germline and somatic diagnoses for all of the familial colorectal cancer syndromes. Important advances have been made toward a more complete mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of neoplasia in the setting of Lynch syndrome, and these advances have important implications for prevention. Finally, paradigm‐shifting approaches to treatment of Lynch‐syndrome and related tumors have occurred through the development of immune checkpoint therapies for hypermutated cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:217–231. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy of management approaches against cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae coquillett) of bitter gourd
Authors: Sarkar R , Das S , Kamal MM , Islam KS , Jahan M
Published: February 2018

Field and laboratory studies were carried out to find out the extent of fruit fly infestation at different fruiting stages of bitter gourd as well as to determine the efficacy of some pesticidal and other control approaches applied either separately or in combination. The pesticidal efficacy of three commonly used insecticides such as secufon, malathion, karate and karanja oil as botanicals with the concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% respectively was determined against the larvae of cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae in the laboratory based on mortality at different time intervals. All the pesticides caused maximum mortality at 72 h with 1.00% concentration. The level of fruit fly infestation at different fruiting stages of bitter gourd ranged from 8.91% to 88.19%, 9.24% to 94.89% and 5.01% to 89.27% at early, mid and late fruiting stage, respectively. Soil treatment with furadan @ 10kgha-1 + bagging of fruits showed significantly lowest infestation (9.46%) which was ten times lower than that of untreated control (91.43%). The other control approaches viz., sex pheromone, bait trap with secufon + cucurbit chop, bait trap consisted of secufon + banana chop reduced fruit fly infestation to a significant level. The highest number (83.67) of flies trapped at mid fruiting stage of bitter gourd was recorded in sex pheromone trap while the ratio of male and female flies ranged from 1.13 to 1.24 in the trapped individuals.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 757-766, December 2017
A Class of Algorithms for Continuous Wavelet Transform Based on the Circulant Matrix
Authors: Yi Hua , Xin Shi-You , Yin Jun-Feng
Published: February 2018

The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is an important mathematical tool in signal processing, which is a linear time-invariant operator with causality and stability for a fixed scale and real-life application. A novel and simple proof of the FFT-based fast method of linear convolution is presented by exploiting the structures of circulant matrix. After introducing Equivalent Condition of Time-domain and Frequency-domain Algorithms of CWT, a class of algorithms for continuous wavelet transform are proposed and analyzed in this paper, which can cover the algorithms in JLAB and WaveLab, as well as the other existing methods such as the c w t function in the toolbox of MATLAB. In this framework, two theoretical issues for the computation of CWT are analyzed. Firstly, edge effect is easily handled by using Equivalent Condition of Time-domain and Frequency-domain Algorithms of CWT and higher precision is expected. Secondly, due to the fact that linear convolution expands the support of the signal, which parts of the linear convolution are just the coefficients of CWT is analyzed by exploring the relationship of the filters of Frequency-domain and Time-domain algorithms, and some generalizations are given. Numerical experiments are presented to further demonstrate our analyses.
Protective Effects of Bacteriophages against Aeromonas hydrophila Causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in Striped Catfish
Authors: Le Tuan Son , Nguyen Thi Hien , Vo Hong Phuong , Doan Van Cuong , Nguyen Hong Loc , Tran Minh Trung , Tran Trong Tuan , Southgate Paul C. , Kurtböke D. İpek
Published: February 2018

To determine the effectivity of bacteriophages in controlling the mass mortality of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) due to infections caused by Aeromonas spp. in Vietnamese fish farms, bacteriophages against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated. A. hydrophila-phage 2 and A. hydrophila-phage 5 were successfully isolated from water samples from the Saigon River of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. These phages, belonging to the Myoviridae family, were found to have broad activity spectra, even against the tested multiple-antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas isolates. The latent periods and burst size of phage 2 were 10 min and 213 PFU per infected host cell, respectively. The bacteriophages proved to be effective in inhibiting the growth of the Aeromonas spp. under laboratory conditions. Phage treatments applied to the pathogenic strains during infestation of catfish resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rates of the tested fishes, with up to 100% survival with MOI 100, compared to 18.3% survival observed in control experiments. These findings illustrate the potential for using phages as an effective bio-treatment method to control Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in fish farms. This study provides further evidence towards the use of bacteriophages to effectively control disease in aquaculture operations.
Potential for Bacteriophage Endolysins to Supplement or Replace Antibiotics in Food Production and Clinical Care
Authors: Love Michael , Bhandari Dinesh , Dobson Renwick , Billington Craig
Published: February 2018

There is growing concern about the emergence of bacterial strains showing resistance to all classes of antibiotics commonly used in human medicine. Despite the broad range of available antibiotics, bacterial resistance has been identified for every antimicrobial drug developed to date. Alarmingly, there is also an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, rendering some patients effectively untreatable. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternatives to conventional antibiotics for use in the treatment of both humans and food-producing animals. Bacteriophage-encoded lytic enzymes (endolysins), which degrade the cell wall of the bacterial host to release progeny virions, are potential alternatives to antibiotics. Preliminary studies show that endolysins can disrupt the cell wall when applied exogenously, though this has so far proven more effective in Gram-positive bacteria compared with Gram-negative bacteria. Their potential for development is furthered by the prospect of bioengineering, and aided by the modular domain structure of many endolysins, which separates the binding and catalytic activities into distinct subunits. These subunits can be rearranged to create novel, chimeric enzymes with optimized functionality. Furthermore, there is evidence that the development of resistance to these enzymes may be more difficult compared with conventional antibiotics due to their targeting of highly conserved bonds.
Imaging Electron Dynamics with Ultrashort Light Pulses: A Theory Perspective
Authors: Popova-Gorelova Daria
Published: February 2018

A wide range of ultrafast phenomena in various atomic, molecular and condense matter systems is governed by electron dynamics. Therefore, the ability to image electronic motion in real space and real time would provide a deeper understanding of such processes and guide developments of tools to control them. Ultrashort light pulses, which can provide unprecedented time resolution approaching subfemtosecond time scale, are perspective to achieve real-time imaging of electron dynamics. This task is challenging not only from an experimental view, but also from a theory perspective, since standard theories describing light-matter interaction in a stationary regime can provide erroneous results in an ultrafast case as demonstrated by several theoretical studies. We review the theoretical framework based on quantum electrodynamics, which has been shown to be necessary for an accurate description of time-resolved imaging of electron dynamics with ultrashort light pulses. We compare the results of theoretical studies of time-resolved nonresonant and resonant X-ray scattering, and time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and show that the corresponding time-resolved signals encode analogous information about electron dynamics. Thereby, the information about an electronic system provided by these time-resolved techniques is different from the information provided by their time-independent analogues.