bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme risk spillovers and hedging strategies between Indonesia sectorial stocks and commodity markets
Authors: El Khoury Rim , Mensi Walid , Alshater Muneer M. , Kang Sanghoon
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study examines the risk spillovers between Indonesian sectorial stocks (Energy, Basic Materials, Industrials, Consumer Cyclicals, Consumer Non-cyclical and Financials), the aggregate index (IDX) and two commodities (gold and West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil [WTI] futures).

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses two methodologies: the TVP-VAR model of Antonakakis and Gabauer (2017) and the quantile connectedness approach of Ando et al. (2022). The data cover the period from October 04, 2010, to April 5, 2022.

Findings

The results show that the IDX, industrials and materials are net transmitters, while the financials, consumer noncyclical and energy sectors are the dominant shock receivers. Using the quantile connectedness approach, the role of each sector is heterogeneous and asymmetric, and the return spillover is stronger at lower and higher quantiles. Furthermore, the portfolio hedging results show that oil offers more diversification gains than gold, and hedging oil is more effective during the pandemic.

Practical implications

This study provides valuable insights for investors to diversify their portfolios and for policymakers to develop policies, regulations and risk management tools to promote stability in the Indonesian stock market. The results can inform the design of market regulations and the development of risk management tools to ensure the stability and resilience of the market.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the spillovers between commodities and Indonesian sectors, recognizing the presence of heterogeneity in the relationship under different market conditions. It provides important portfolio diversification insights for equity investors interested in the Indonesian stock market and policymakers.
Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing
Authors: Stegmann Pascal , Matyas Daniel , Ströbel Tim
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Novel technologies such as tokenization have the potential to disrupt value co-creation in sport marketing. Tokenization in particular has generated a hype in sport marketing by facilitating engagement behavior. However, it remains unclear to what extent tokenization can serve as an engagement platform to enable new and innovative interactions between sport organizations and its network of actors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study investigated a tokenized governance platform of a professional sport club as engagement platform by means of a case study applying a multi-method approach combining document analyses and semi-structured interviews with sport management, sport club fans and blockchain experts.

Findings

Governance tokens indeed foster fan engagement by including fans in decision-making processes. The engagement platform is meant to enable two-way communication between fans and professional sport clubs. However, benefits could be overrated, and fans describe concerns about increasing commercialization due to the application of governance tokens. Thus, opportunities must be balanced out to foster engagement of sport club fans.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to extending the phenomenon of tokenization as a financing model and engagement platform in sport marketing. The results show how tokenized governance platforms can be applied in sport marketing and how they contribute to value co-creation in the digital world of sport clubs.
Configuring the agricultural platforms: farmers' preferences for design attributes
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Kapoor Sanjeev
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Although growing Internet penetration in the hinterlands has attracted agribusinesses to promote digital platforms, farmers are sceptical about using them. The literature discusses agricultural platforms from the theoretical perspective of technological determinism, where the platforms are developed and promoted by firms in a top-down manner to be accepted by farmers. However, this approach results in poorly configured platforms with limited utility for farmers. It is evident from the existing literature that the mere creation of a platform business is not sufficient to guarantee adoption by users. Hence, this study explores how to make the agricultural platform more attractive for farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study is based on a discrete choice experiment performed on 126 Indian farmers using agricultural platforms. The data were analysed using the conditional logistic regression method.

Findings

The study suggests that farmers expect government and cooperative entities to be also embedded with the platforms. Complementary features such as prompt service, competitive pricing and farm credit were identified as essential attributes. Further, the platforms should enable smallholders to trade farm produce by providing a mechanism for real-time online nudging and bargaining with buyers.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on the applications of random utility theory. The research has utility for Agtech managers, cooperative institutions and agricultural policymakers.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies focussing on agricultural platform design from the farmers' perspective. The study implies that incorporating preferred attributes can help practitioners configure platforms to benefit farmers with prospects concerning farm management decisions.
A systematic review to identify obstacles in the agricultural supply chain and future directions
Authors: Singh Neha , Biswas Rohit , Banerjee Mamoni
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to develop relationships between many major issues relevant to the agriculture supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

With the purpose of gaining an all-encompassing understanding of the agriculture supply chain, this work uses 233 filtered research articles and three bibliometric analysis tools, namely VOSviewer, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and Person correlation. The collected research publications were also catalogued using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Findings

Using analytic techniques, a total of 12 keywords were obtained. The study found that agri-products are in dire need of digitisation via Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain due to the usage of economic variables and comprehensive management of total food waste throughout transportation, anchoring quality and the predominant variable.

Research limitations/implications

The study was limited to the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) indexing in order to assess the viability of the linked idea and problem.

Originality/value

This study aims to generate vital knowledge in the field of horticulture-focused agriculture supply chain based on previous justification and relationship formation.
Corporate governance and risk management: a systematic review and synthesis for future research
Authors: Kalia Ankita , Gill Suveera
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The world economy has experienced several economic downturns, and each phase emphasised that no industry is immune to inappropriate risk-management practices. Against the backdrop of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which had far more effects than a financial crisis, the existing paper reviewed the state of current research in the realm of corporate governance and risk-management practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study rigorously followed a systematic approach in identifying, selecting and critically synthesising the existing literature on corporate governance and risk management. The review was carried out on the Web of Science and Scopus database until December 31, 2022. In total, 72 research works were examined and reviewed.

Findings

This systematic literature review showed that companies with strong governance mechanisms are less exposed to corporate risks. Several attributes, such as higher institutional ownership stakes, concentrated family ownership structures, lower CEO compensation and duality, higher presence of females in the management, better board dynamics in terms of independent boards and gender diversity are all strong mechanisms for mitigating risk. Additionally, socially responsible companies are better positioned to mitigate corporate risks. Furthermore, several themes emphasising the governance risk link have been identified to understand this domain further.

Originality/value

By analysing and synthesising existing corporate governance and risk-management themes, this study ascertained various research gaps that can be addressed in future studies. Furthermore, drawing on this paper's essential cues, researchers can significantly differentiate their work from existing ones in the field.
A systematic review of meaningful work unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (2000–2020)
Authors: Tan Kim-Lim , Sim Adriel K.S. , Yap Steffi Sze-Nee , Vithayaporn Sanhakot , Rachmawati Ani Wahyu
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Meaningful work is gaining importance in the core domains of human resources research. However, there is confusion regarding what constitutes meaningful work and its determinants and outcomes. Earlier studies have conflated conceptual and empirical arguments. Hence, researchers lack clear insights into factors related to employees' experiences of meaningfulness. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issue.

Design/methodology/approach

The authorsconducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 88 studies (2000–2020) meeting relevant criteria to identify dominant trends and significant gaps in the authors’ understanding of meaningful work.

Findings

This review identified six aspects to conceptualize meaningful work. At the same time, the authors highlighted the dominant theory and the instrument used to explain and measure meaningful work. Based on the same, the authors identified different groups of individual and organizational-level determinants and outcomes of finding meaning in work. The analysis also indicates that the comprehension of meaningful work was restricted because most data were obtained from the USA, Europe and certain regions of Asia. During this assessment, the authors observed that several studies emphasized individual-level effects, self-reporting and cross-sectional studies, which restricted the ability to make causal inferences.

Originality/value

This study extends earlier works where the authors stock-take existing research for the past 20 years and build on past trajectories to enrich the authors’ understanding of meaningful work. Unlike earlier works that focused on a specific domain, such as human resource development, this work differentiates by taking an integrated framework-based approach leveraging the antecedents, decisions and outcomes (ADO) and the theories, contexts and method (TCM) framework to consolidate and advance knowledge in the field thoroughly.
Effect of environmental dynamism on entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: the moderating role of informal institutions
Authors: Yildirim-Öktem Özlem , Erdogan Irmak , Calabrò Andrea , Kiratli Osman Sabri
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of environmental dynamism on different EO dimensions in family firms. The authors also examine the moderating role of national culture (uncertainty avoidance and in-group collectivism) and the level of family control and influence in fostering/hindering this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted among 1,143 family firms from twenty-eight countries. The authors developed and tested hypotheses through a fixed-effects regression analysis.

Findings

The findings suggest that environmental dynamism has a positive effect on all three EO dimensions. Analysis reveals a positive moderating role of family control and influence and negative moderating roles of in-group collectivism and uncertainty avoidance.

Practical implications

The findings imply that family firm managers should carefully interpret the influence of their national culture on family firm behavior. More specifically, family firms in dynamic environments should consider the importance of the national culture in which they are embedded. Those operating in high uncertainty avoidant and highly collectivist cultures should take proactive steps to cultivate a corporate entrepreneurial culture. On the other hand, the family should not undermine the effect of its control and influence. In dynamic environments, family control and influence may be a competitive advantage in reinforcing entrepreneurial orientation.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature on EO in family firms by expanding the previous research on the antecedents of EO and examining moderation effects of culture and family control and influence across a broad multi-country sample. In contrast with the common findings regarding the effect of family logic on EO, the study shows the strengthening role of family control and influence in the relationship between environmental dynamism and EO. The authors show that culture as an informal institution may also play a critical role in hindering/strengthening the relationship between environmental dynamism and EO.
The (wasted) potential of digital communication in low-density destinations: the case of three Portuguese municipalities
Authors: Correia Ricardo , Cunha Manuela , Carvalho Aida , Sousa Bruno
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to assess the online presence of three Portuguese low-density territories and analyze the communication strategies employed by public and private entities within each municipality. The alignment between public and private entities within each municipality is also examined as a potential factor that could impact the effectiveness of digital communication strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodology that employed content analysis and interviews to gather data from selected public and private entities in each of the municipalities under study was used.

Findings

Despite the widespread availability of digital communication tools, the municipalities under study are yet to fully exploit their potential to promote and publicize their offerings. This could be attributed to several factors such as a lack of knowledge and/or resources and a defective strategic approach to digital communication.

Practical implications

The major obstacle in maximizing the potential of digital communication tools in low-density destinations was not solely a result of restricted access. Rather, it was largely due to insufficient knowledge and resources required for their effective utilization, coupled with a lack of aligned vision among various stakeholders.

Originality/value

The competitive landscape in which tourist actors operate has transformed significantly because of the widespread adoption of digital communication led by social networks. However, studies exploring digital communication in low-density territories are still scarce. This study adds new insights into the main factors that hinder the efficient use of digital communication in these regions.
Understanding social media presence and financial success in digital competition
Authors: DeLeon John , Brown Lee Warren
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study applies traditional strategic management concepts to firms operating in digital environments. Specifically, this study examines the role of social media (SM) in the financial performance of entrepreneurial firms and how perceived uniqueness and human capital impact this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzes a sample of 797 independent music artists using ordinary least squares regression.

Findings

This study finds that SM presence is positively related to SM success and, in turn, that SM success is positively related to financial success. Further, this study finds that perceived uniqueness negatively moderates the SM presence to SM success relationship and that human capital positively moderates the SM success to financial success relationship.

Originality/value

Firms competing in digital environments should limit their perceived uniqueness and increase their human capital in order to maximize the positive benefits of a SM presence.
Diversification with international assets and cryptocurrencies using Black-Litterman
Authors: Pereira Alves de Abreu Daniel , Iquiapaza Robert Aldo
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to analyze the performance of Black-Litterman (BL) portfolios using a views estimation procedure that simulates investor forecasts based on technical analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Ibovespa, S&P500, Bitcoin and interbank deposit rate (IDR) indexes were respectively considered proxies for the national, international, cryptocurrency and fixed income stock markets. Forecasts were made out of the sample aiming at incorporating them in the BL model, using several portfolio weighting methods from June 13, 2013 to August 30, 2022.

Findings

The Sharpe, Treynor and Omega ratios point out that the proposed model, considering only variable return assets, generates portfolios with performances superior to their traditionally calculated counterparts, with emphasis on the risk parity portfolio. Nonetheless, the inclusion of the IDR leads to performance losses, especially in scenarios with lower risk tolerance. And finally, given the impact of turnover, the naive portfolio was also detected as a viable alternative.

Practical implications

The results obtained can contribute to improve investors practices, specifically by validating both the performance improvement – when including foreign assets and cryptocurrencies –, and the application of the BL model for asset pricing.

Originality/value

The main contributions of the study are: performance analysis incorporating cryptocurrencies and international assets in an uncertain recent period; the use of a methodology to compute the views simulating the behavior of managers using technical analysis; and comparing the performance of portfolio management strategies based on the BL model, taking into account different levels of risk and uncertainty.
Public Health Emergency Preparedness After COVID‐19
Authors: SHARFSTEIN JOSHUA M. , LURIE NICOLE
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

The critical task of preparedness is inseparable from the regular work of advancing population health and health equity.
Transforming Public Health Data Systems to Advance the Population's Health
Authors: KADAKIA KUSHAL T. , DESALVO KAREN B.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Accurate and reliable data systems are critical for delivering the essential services and foundational capabilities of public health for a 21st‐century public health infrastructure.

Chronic underfunding, workforce shortages, and operational silos limit the effectiveness of America's public health data systems, with the country's anemic response to COVID‐19 highlighting the results of long‐standing infrastructure gaps.

As the public health sector begins an unprecedented data modernization effort, scholars and policymakers should ensure ongoing reforms are aligned with the five components of an ideal public health data system: outcomes and equity oriented, actionable, interoperable, collaborative, and grounded in a robust public health system.
The Perils of Medicalization for Population Health and Health Equity
Authors: LANTZ PAULA M. , GOLDBERG DANIEL S. , GOLLUST SARAH E.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Medicalization is a historical process by which personal, behavioral, and social issues are increasingly viewed through a biomedical lens and “diagnosed and treated” as individual pathologies and problems by medical authorities.

Medicalization in the United States has led to a conflation of “health” and “health care” and a confusion between individual social needs versus the social, political, and economic determinants of health.

The essential and important work of population health science, public health practice, and health policy writ large is being thwarted by a medicalized view of health and an overemphasis on personal health services and the health care delivery system as the major focal point for addressing societal health issues and health inequality.

Increased recognition of the negative consequences of a medicalized view of health is essential, with a focus on education and training of clinicians and health care managers, journalists, and policymakers.
Without Affordable, Accessible, and Adequate Housing, Health Has No Foundation
Authors: MEHDIPANAH ROSHANAK
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Today's housing disparities are rooted in the increasing commodification of housing that has taken precedence over the need for shelter, a basic human right.

With rising housing costs across the country, more residents are finding their monthly income going to rent, mortgage payments, property taxes, and utilities, leaving little for food and medication.

Housing is a determinant of health, and with increasing housing disparities, action must be taken to ensure no individual is displaced, communities remain intact, and cities continue to thrive.
The Global Health Architecture: Governance and International Institutions to Advance Population Health Worldwide
Authors: GOSTIN LAWRENCE O. , FRIEDMAN ERIC A. , FINCH ALEXANDRA
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Global health institutions and instruments should be reformed to fully incorporate the principles of good health governance: the right to health, equity, inclusive participation, transparency, accountability, and global solidarity. New legal instruments, like International Health Regulations amendments and the pandemic treaty, should be grounded in these principles of sound governance.

Equity should be embedded into the prevention of, preparedness for, response to, and recovery from catastrophic health threats, within and across nations and sectors. This includes the extant model of charitable contributions for access to medical resources giving way to a new model that empowers low‐ and middle‐income countries to create and produce their own diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics—such as through regional messenger RNA vaccine manufacturing hubs.

Robust and sustainable funding of key institutions, national health systems, and civil society will ensure more effective and just responses to health emergencies, including the daily toll of avoidable death and disease disproportionately experienced by poorer and more marginalized populations.
The Next Generation of Payment Reforms for Population Health – An Actionable Agenda for 2035 Informed by Past Gains and Ongoing Lessons
Authors: KADAKIA KUSHAL T. , OFFODILE ANAEZE C.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

The predominantly fee‐for‐service reimbursement architecture of the US health care system contributes to waste and excess spending.

While the past decade of payment reforms has galvanized the adoption of alternative payment models and generated moderate savings, uptake of truly population‐based payment systems continues to lag, and interventions to date have had limited impact on care quality, outcomes, and health equity.

To realize the promise of payment reforms as instruments for delivery system transformation, future policies for health care financing must focus on accelerating the diffusion of value‐based payment, leveraging payments to redress inequities, and incentivizing partnerships with cross‐sector entities to invest in the upstream drivers of health.
Immigration and Immigrant Policies, Health, and Health Equity in the United States
Authors: LEBRÓN ALANA M.W. , TORRES IVY R. , KLINE NOLAN , LOPEZ WILLIAM D. , DE TRINIDAD YOUNG MARIA‐ELENA , NOVAK NICOLE
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

There is growing attention to the role of immigration and immigrant policies in shaping the health and well‐being of immigrants of color.

The early 21st century in the United States has seen several important achievements in inclusionary policies, practices, and ideologies toward immigrants, largely at subnational levels (e.g., states, counties, cities/towns). National policies or practices that are inclusionary toward immigrants are often at the discretion of the political parties in power.

Early in the 21st century, the United States has implemented several exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies, contributing to record deportations and detentions and worsening inequities in the social drivers of health.
The Future of Public Health: Ensuring An Adequate Infrastructure
Authors: BENJAMIN GEORGES C.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

The US public heath infrastructure is in disrepair and building a sustainable system is the central challenge for the nation.

Doing so in a highly patrician environment is the mission for the next ten years.
The Role of Primary Care in Improving Population Health
Authors: STANGE KURT C. , MILLER WILLIAM L. , ETZ REBECCA S.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Systems based on primary care have better population health, health equity, and health care quality, and lower health care expenditure.

Primary care can be a boundary‐spanning force to integrate and personalize the many factors from which population health emerges.

Equitably advancing population health requires understanding and supporting the complexly interacting mechanisms by which primary care influences health, equity, and health costs.
Framing Commercial Determinants of Health: An Assessment of Potential for Guiding More Effective Responses to the Public Health Crises of the 21st Century
Authors: FREUDENBERG NICHOLAS
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

The commercial determinants of health (CDH) framework can inform public health policy, practice, and research in ways that contribute to overcoming the world's most serious public health challenges.

By documenting the pathways by which commercial actors shape health, the CDH framework can provide a unifying focus for collective action to prevent and ameliorate global health crises.

To realize these opportunities, CDH proponents need to find synergies in the multiple emerging streams of research, practice, and advocacy and create a body of scientific evidence, methodologies, and ideas that can inform a public health practice for the 21st century.
Strategic Messaging to Promote Policies that Advance Racial Equity: What Do We Know, and What Do We Need to Learn?
Authors: NIEDERDEPPE JEFF , LIU JIAWEI , SPRUILL MIKAELA , LEWIS NEIL A. , MOORE STEVEN , FOWLER ERIKA FRANKLIN , GOLLUST SARAH E.
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Many studies have explored the impact of message strategies to build support for policies that advance racial equity, but few studies examine the effects of richer stories of lived experience and detailed accounts of the ways racism is embedded in policy design and implementation.

Longer messages framed to emphasize social and structural causes of racial inequity hold significant potential to enhance support for policies to advance racial equity.

There is an urgent need to develop, test, and disseminate communication interventions that center perspectives from historically marginalized people and promote policy advocacy, community mobilization, and collective action to advance racial equity.

Context

Long‐standing racial inequities in health and well‐being are shaped by racialized public policies that perpetuate disadvantage among Black, Brown, Indigenous, and people of color. Strategic messaging can accelerate public and policymaker support for public policies that advance population health. We lack a comprehensive understanding of lessons learned from work on policy messaging to advance racial equity and the gaps in knowledge it reveals.

Methods

A scoping review of peer‐reviewed studies from communication, psychology, political science, sociology, public health, and health policy that have tested how various message strategies influence support and mobilization for racial equity policy domains across a wide variety of social systems. We used keyword database searches, author bibliographic searches, and reviews of reference lists from relevant sources to compile 55 peer‐reviewed papers with 80 studies that used experiments to test the effects of one or more message strategies in shaping support for racial equity–related policies, as well as the cognitive/emotional factors that predict their support.

Findings

Most studies report on the short‐term effects of very short message manipulations. Although many of these studies find evidence that reference to race or use of racial cues tend to undermine support for racial equity–related policies, the accumulated body of evidence has generally not explored the effects of richer, more nuanced stories of lived experience and/or detailed historical and contemporary accounts of the ways racism is embedded in public policy design and implementation. A few well‐designed studies offer evidence that longer‐form messages framed to emphasize social and structural causes of racial inequity can enhance support for policies to advance racial equity, though many questions require further research.

Conclusions

We conclude by laying out a research agenda to fill numerous wide gaps in the evidentiary base related to building support for racial equity policy across sectors.
Pelvic vein incompetence and chronic pelvic pain: a case–control study
Authors: Hansrani Vivak , Riding David , Seif Mourad W. , Caress Ann‐Louise , Payne Katherine , Ghosh Jonathan , McCollum Charles N.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and pelvic vein incompetence (PVI) or pelvic varices.

Design

Case–control study.

Setting

Gynaecology and vascular surgery services in two teaching hospitals in north‐west England.

Sample

A total of 328 premenopausal women (aged 18–54 years), comprising 164 women with CPP and 164 matched controls with no history of CPP.

Methods

Symptom and quality‐of‐life questionnaires and transvaginal duplex ultrasound for PVI and pelvic varices.

Main outcome measures

Venous reflux of >0.7 s in the ovarian or internal iliac veins (primary outcome) and presence of pelvic varices (secondary outcome). Statistical analysis compared the prevalence of PVI between women with and without CPP using the two‐sided chi‐square test. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of having PVI and pelvic varices between women with and without CPP.

Results

Pelvic vein incompetence was found on transvaginal duplex ultrasound in 101/162 (62%) women with CPP, compared with 30/164 (19%) asymptomatic controls (OR 6.79, 95% CI 4.11–11.47, p < 0.001). Forty‐three of 164 (27%) women with CPP had pelvic varices compared with three of 164 (2%) asymptomatic women (OR 18.9, 95% CI 5.73–62.7, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There was a significant association between PVI, as detected by transvaginal duplex imaging, and CPP. Pelvic varices were strongly associated with CPP and were infrequently seen in control patients. These results justify further evaluation of PVI and its treatment in well‐designed research.
Clinical guideline on magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (2021 edition)
Authors: Jiang Bin , Pan Jun , Qian Yang Yang , He Chen , Xia Ji , He Shui Xiang , Sha Wei Hong , Feng Zhi Jie , Wan Jun , Wang Sha Sha , Zhong Liang , Xu Shu Chang , Li Xiu Ling , Huang Xiao Jun , Zou Duo Wu , Song Dan Dan , Zhang Jie , Ding Wei Qun , Chen Jia Yu , Chu Ye , Zhang Hui Jing , Yu Wei Fang , Xu Yan , He Xue Qiang , Tang Jian Hua , He Ling , Fan Yi Hong , Chen Feng Lin , Zhou Yu Bao , Zhang Yi Yang , Yu Yong , Wang Hai Hong , Ge Ku Ku , Jin Guo Hua , Xiao Ying Lian , Fang Jun , Yan Xue Min , Ye Jun , Yang Chong Mei , Li Zhen , Song Yan , Wen Mao Yao , Zong Ye , Han Xiao , Wu Lan Lan , Ma Jing Jing , Xie Xiao Ping , Yu Wei Hua , You Yu , Lu Xiao Hong , Song Yu Lin , Ma Xue Qin , Li Shu Dan , Zeng Bin , Gao Yun Jie , Ma Rui Jun , Ni Xiao Guang , He Chao Hui , Liu Yi Pin , Wu Jian Sheng , Liu Jing , Li Ai Min , Chen Bai Li , Cheng Chun Sheng , Sun Xiao Mei , Ge Zhi Zheng , Feng Ying , Tang Yong Jin , Li Zhao Shen , Linghu En Qiang , Liao Zhuan ,   the Capsule Endoscopy Group of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Published: April 2023

With the development and generalization of endoscopic technology and screening, clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) has been increasing. In recent years, various types of MCCG are used globally. Therefore, establishing relevant guidelines on MCCG is of great significance. The current guidelines containing 23 statements were established based on clinical evidence and expert opinions, mainly focus on aspects including definition and diagnostic accuracy, application population, technical optimization, inspection process, and quality control of MCCG. The level of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated. The guidelines are expected to guide the standardized application and scientific innovation of MCCG for the reference of clinicians.
Salicylic acid promotes terpenoid synthesis in the fungi Sanghuangporus baumii
Authors: Wang Xutong , Sun Jian , Wang Shixin , Sun Tingting , Zou Li
Published: April 2023

Sanghuangporus baumii is a medicinal fungi with anti‐inflammatory, liver protection and antitumour effects. Terpenoids are one of the main medicinal ingredients of S. baumii. However, terpenoid production by wild‐type S. baumii cannot meet the market demand, which affects its application in medical care. Therefore, exploring how to increase terpenoid content in S. baumii is a promising path in this research field. Salicylic acid (SA) is a secondary metabolite. In this study, a concentration of 350 μmol/L SA was added into fungal cultivations for 2 and 4 days, and then the transcriptome and metabolome of untreated mycelia and treated with SA were analysed. The expression of some genes in the terpenoids biosynthesis pathway increased in SA‐induced cultivations, and the content of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and geranylgeranyl‐PP (GGPP) increased significantly as well as the contents of triterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and carotenoids. The gene FPS was considered to be a key gene regulating terpenoid biosynthesis. Therefore, FPS was overexpressed in S. baumii by Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated genetic transformation. The gene FPS and its downstream gene (LS) expression levels were confirmed to be increased in the FPS overexpressing transformant, and terpenoid content was 36.98% higher than that of the wild‐type strain in the evaluated cultivation conditions.
Climate action for health: Inter‐regional engagement to share knowledge to guide mitigation and adaptation actions
Authors: Fears Robin , Canales‐Holzeis Claudia , Caussy Deoraj , Harper Sherilee L. , Hoe Victor Chee Wai , McNeil Jeremy N. , Mogwitz Johanna , ter Meulen Volker , Haines Andy
Published: April 2023

Climate change, attributable to human activity, is increasingly contributing to a global health crisis. The scale, nature and timing of adverse effects on physical and mental health, via direct and indirect pathways, vary within and between regions but there are common challenges that can be tackled by better integrated mitigation and adaptation actions. The actions described in this paper would have benefits for health if appropriately implemented, both by reducing the health risks of climate change and from the ancillary (co‐)benefits of mitigation such as from reduced air pollution as a result of phasing out fossil fuels. There are unprecedented health threats from climate change but also unprecedented opportunities to use scientific knowledge to inform policy and practice. Much can be done now to use the evidence already available to effect rapid and decisive action as well as generating new evidence to support effective policy development and implementation. This paper draws on an inter‐regional, inclusive, project by the InterAcademy Partnership, the global network of more than 140 academies of science, engineering and medicine, to summarise evidence available worldwide in order to help inform options for policy making. A particular focus is on clarifying climate change mitigation and adaptation solutions and their implementation for the benefit of the most vulnerable groups. The present authors actively participated in managing this project which encouraged academies to capture diverse impacts and policy options by evaluating and synthesising evidence from their own countries to inform policy for collective and customised action at national, regional and global levels. Using a systems‐based approach, recommendations from the project in this publication are transdisciplinary and multisectoral. Despite the accumulating evidence, protecting and improving human health have not yet become major focal points in global climate change policy discussions. Drawing on the IAP project outputs, we strongly recommend that health and health equity must now come to the foreground, accompanied by much greater allocation of climate finance to health‐related programmes.
Writing a massively multi‐authored paper: Overcoming barriers to meaningful authorship for all
Authors: Borer Elizabeth T. , MacDougall Andrew S. , Stevens Carly J. , Sullivan Lauren L. , Wilfahrt Peter A. , Seabloom Eric W.
Published: April 2023

The value of large‐scale collaborations for solving complex problems is widely recognized, but many barriers hinder meaningful authorship for all on the resulting multi‐author publications. Because many professional benefits arise from authorship, much of the literature on this topic has focused on cheating, conflict and effort documentation. However, approaches specifically recognizing and creatively overcoming barriers to meaningful authorship have received little attention.

We have developed an inclusive authorship approach arising from 15 years of experience coordinating the publication of over 100 papers arising from a long‐term, international collaboration of hundreds of scientists.

This method of sharing a paper initially as a storyboard with clear expectations, assignments and deadlines fosters communication and creates unambiguous opportunities for all authors to contribute intellectually. By documenting contributions through this multi‐step process, this approach ensures meaningful engagement by each author listed on a publication.

The perception that co‐authors on large authorship publications have not meaningfully contributed underlies widespread institutional bias against multi‐authored papers, disincentivizing large collaborations despite their widely recognized value for advancing knowledge. Our approach identifies and overcomes key barriers to meaningful contributions, protecting the value of authorship even on massively multi‐authored publications.
The Netherlands: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: OTJES SIMON , DE JONGE LÉONIE
Published: April 2023

The
year 2022 was a period of contradictory developments in terms of political stability in the Netherlands. On the one hand, Mark Rutte became the longest‐serving Prime Minister in the country's history after celebrating his 12th year in office. On the other hand, the newly formed Rutte IV Cabinet was charged with steering the country through a tumultuous period, marked by soaring energy prices and inflation in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, large‐scale civil unrest in response to the government's plans to cut nitrogen emissions, and a political crisis over the housing of asylum seekers.
Association of sleep and anaesthesia EEG biomarkers with preoperative MoCA score: A pilot study
Authors: Touchard Cyril , Guimard Pauline , Guessous Karim , Aubin Oriane Saint , Levé Charlotte , Joachim Jona , Elayeb Kenza , Mebazaa Alexandre , Gayat Étienne , Mateo Joaquim , Vallée Fabrice , Cartailler Jérôme
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Preoperative cognitive impairments increase the risk of postoperative complications. The electroencephalogram (EEG) could provide information on cognitive vulnerability. The feasibility and clinical relevance of sleep EEG (EEGsleep) compared to intraoperative EEG (EEGintraop) in cognitive risk stratification remains to be explored. We investigated similarities between EEGsleep and EEGintraop vis‐a‐vis preoperative cognitive impairments.

Methods

Pilot study including 27 patients (63 year old [53.5, 70.0]) to whom Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and EEGsleep were administered 1 day before a propofol‐based general anaesthesia, in addition to EEGintraop acquisition from depth‐of‐anaesthesia monitors. Sleep spindles on EEGsleep and intraoperative alpha‐band power on EEGintraop were particularly explored.

Results

In total, 11 (41%) patients had a MoCA <25 points. These patients had a significantly lower sleep spindle power on EEGsleep (25 vs. 40 μv2/Hz, p = .035) and had a weaker intraoperative alpha‐band power on EEGintraop (85 vs. 150 μv2/Hz, p = .001) compared to patients with normal MoCA. Correlation between sleep spindle and intraoperative alpha‐band power was positive and significant (r = 0.544, p = .003).

Conclusion

Preoperative cognitive impairment appears to be detectable by both EEGsleep and EEGintraop. Preoperative sleep EEG to assess perioperative cognitive risk is feasible but more data are needed to demonstrate its benefit compared to intraoperative EEG.
Association of pharmacological treatments and real‐world outcomes in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lieslehto Johannes , Tiihonen Jari , Lähteenvuo Markku , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor , Tanskanen Antti , Taipale Heidi
Published: April 2023

Objective

Most patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) receive psychopharmacological treatment, but clinical guidelines on BPD lack consensus on the role of pharmacotherapy. We investigated the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for BPD.

Methods

We identified patients with BPD with treatment contact during 2006–2018 using Swedish nationwide register databases. By leveraging within‐individual design, in which each individual was used as their own control to eliminate selection bias, we assessed the comparative effectiveness of pharmacotherapies. For each medication, we calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) for the following outcomes: (1) psychiatric hospitalization and (2) hospitalization owing to any cause or death.

Results

We identified 17,532 patients with BPD (2649 men; mean [SD] age = 29.8 [9.9]). Treatment with benzodiazepines (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.32–1.43), antipsychotics (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.14–124), and antidepressants (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.13–1.23) associated with increased risk of psychiatric rehospitalization. Similarly, treatment with benzodiazepines (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.33–1.42), antipsychotics (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.17–1.26), and antidepressants (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.14–1.21) was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause hospitalization or death. Treatment with mood stabilizers did not have statistically significant associations with the outcomes. Treatment with ADHD medication was associated with decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83–0.94) and decreased risk of all‐cause hospitalization or death (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.91). Of the specific pharmacotherapies, clozapine (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32–0.91), lisdexamphetamine (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69–0.91), bupropion (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.96), and methylphenidate (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.96) associated with decreased risk of psychiatric rehospitalization.

Conclusions

ADHD medications were associated with a reduced risk of psychiatric rehospitalization or hospitalization owing to any cause or death among individuals with BPD. No such associations were found for benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers.
Comparative localization of the courses of superficial veins in rabbits' limbs using latex and VeinViewer systems
Authors: Karaavci Funda Aksunger , Karan Meryem
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study; It is to reveal whether the veinviewer device, which we have not encountered in animals, can be visualized in rabbits for thoracic and pelvic limb superficial veins. Therefore, the latex method was used as a “gold test” to verify VeinViewer precision. For this purpose, the project was designed with two stages. In the first stage, the extremities of 15 New Zealand white rabbits were imaged using the VeinViewer device, and the results were recorded. In the second stage, the latex injection method was applied to the same animals, the cadavers were dissected, and the obtained results were comparatively analysed. In the rabbits, it was determined that v. cephalica originated from v. jugularis or v. brachialis in the proximity of the insertion of m. omotransversarius and anastomosed with v. mediana at the middle 1/3 level of the antebrachium. It was found that the superficial venous circulation of the pelvic limbs was provided by the branches of v. iliaca externa and v. iliaca interna. The vena saphena medialis was determined to be present in pairs in 80% of the cadavers. All cadavers showed the presence of the ramus anastomoticus cum vena saphena mediali. Additionally, the superficial veins of both the thoracic limbs and pelvic limbs of the rabbits were imaged with the VeinViewer device, which provided results parallel with the results of the latex injection method. Considering that the findings obtained with the latex injection method and the VeinViewer device were compatible, the usage of this device can potentially be considered as an alternative to visualizing superficial veins in animals. Further morphological and clinical studies can prove that the method is applicable.
Review of long‐term complications and functional outcomes of ileoanal pouch procedures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hassan Yusuf , Connell William R. , Rawal Alisha , Wright Emily K.
Published: April 2023

Background

In medically refractory Ulcerative Colitis (UC), proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch procedure (IAPP) is the preferred continence‐preserving surgical option. Functional outcomes post‐surgery and long‐term complication rates in the biologic era remain ambiguous. This review primarily aims to provide an update on these outcomes. Secondarily, risk factors associated with chronic pouchitis and pouch failure are explored.

Methods

Two online databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched on 4 October 2022 for English studies from 2011‐present relating to long‐term outcomes of IAPP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Adult patients with 12 month follow‐up were included. Studies focused on 30‐day post‐operative outcomes, non‐IBD patients or studies including less than 30 patients were excluded.

Results

Following screening and full‐text review of 1094 studies, 49 were included. Median sample size was n = 282 (IQR: 116–519). Median incidences for chronic pouchitis and pouch failure were 17.1% (IQR: 12–23.6%) and 6.9% (IQR: 4.8–10.8%), respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, chronic pouchitis development was most significantly associated with pre‐operative steroid use, pancolitis and extra‐intestinal IBD manifestations, whilst pouch failure was most significantly associated with pre‐operative diagnosis of Crohn's disease (compared to UC), peri‐operative pelvic sepsis and anastomotic leak. Overall patient satisfaction was very high with four included studies reporting greater than 90% satisfaction rates.

Conclusion

Long‐term complications for IAPP were common. However, despite this, patient satisfaction post‐IAPP was high. Up‐to‐date knowledge of complication rates and their risk factors improves pre‐operative counselling, management planning and patient outcomes.