bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changer le drapeau du Mississippi de la division à l’inclusion
Authors: Derdaele Elodie
Published: March 2023

Le drapeau de guerre confédéré, figurant sur le canton du drapeau de l’État du Mississippi de 1894 à 2020, divise profondément l’opinion étatsunienne en ce que pour ses partisans, il est la représentation officielle de l’identité et du patrimoine sudistes et pour ses détracteurs, un vecteur de haine qui offense la mémoire de ceux ayant subi l’esclavage et la ségrégation, tout en perpétuant un message public discriminant pour ne pas dire raciste. Malgré de multiples recours tant politiques que juridiques, les autorités et le peuple mississippiens ont persisté dans leur choix. Il aura ainsi fallu attendre la mort brutale de George Floyd pour que les dirigeants de l’État prennent, en 2020, la décision de se séparer du symbole de la discorde en engageant une procédure inédite et démocratique afin de redessiner le drapeau officiel, dans une optique délibérément inclusive. Pour autant, si les autorités étatsuniennes tendent à prendre leur distance avec le drapeau confédéré, celui-ci reprend quelques couleurs parmi ceux qui minorent la réalité des inégalités raciales et, plus encore, parmi ceux qui soutiennent l’idée d’une suprématie blanche.
La nature politico-juridique de l’Union européenne. Comparaison de l’Union avec la Fédération
Authors: Cumin David
Published: March 2023

La question de la nature politico-juridique de l’Union européenne est devenue classique. Il importe de la renouveler par une comparaison systématique avec la Fédération. L’UE est probablement une Union d’États à vocation fédérale. Après avoir rappelé les quatre principes du fédéralisme : unité, autonomie, superposition, participation, le présent article développe la comparaison en dix points : acte fondateur, personnalité juridique internationale, garantie de l’indépendance et de l’intégrité des États membres, identité politique, système institutionnel, homogénéité des États membres, « conditionnalité démocratique » de la qualité de membre de l’Union, pérennité de l’Union, répartition des compétences entre les États et l’Union, système normatif. La construction européenne se poursuit, si bien que la nature politico-juridique de l’UE est encore indéterminée. Entité sui generis , monstro simile par rapport à une Fédération, étape vers une « normalisation » fédérale ? L’interrogation demeure. Mais les éléments tirés d’une théorie de la Fédération et tendant vers une théorie de l’Union sont posés, dont les sources d’inspiration sont citées en bibliographie 1 .
Les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises : des territoires au cœur des enjeux de la planète
Authors: Pressé Guillaume
Published: March 2023

Les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, territoires du bout du monde, forment des laboratoires à ciel ouvert qui nécessitent une logistique complexe pour y mener des recherches scientifiques. Fortes d’une biodiversité abondante, elles s’inscrivent tant dans une stratégie nationale de préservation de l’environnement que dans un agenda international de plus en plus chargé face aux effets du changement climatique. Afin de préserver durablement ces écosystèmes, le statut juridique de certains territoires a récemment été renforcé avec la création ou l’extension de réserves naturelles nationales dont le recours aux autorisations met en avant le rôle prépondérant du préfet administrateur supérieur. L’administration doit également veiller à concilier cette protection avec les activités humaines réalisées sur les différents districts. De même, elle doit assurer l’affirmation de la souveraineté de la France dans certains territoires contestés et mener des opérations de surveillance des activités illégales. Ce sont autant de missions qui font des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises des territoires au cœur des enjeux de la planète.
Mascarade 2022
Authors: Lebrun Léo
Published: March 2023

Dématérialisation, numérisation, digitalisation : qu’est-ce qui se joue à cet endroit ? Si les processus dits de simplification ne dupent personne d’un point de vue politique, si leur impact au niveau des inégalités sociales n’est plus à démontrer, il se peut que nous négligions en quoi cette numérisation de la société rend le monde insupportable du point de vue de la subjectivité. Un monde sans-contact, binaire, un monde fait de 1 et de 0, un monde où nous sommes systématiquement sommés de nous authentifier, de nous identifier, de nous loger : est-ce cela que nous voulons ? Vraiment ?
Sur les « situations de handicap ». Du (trop) général…, au réel particulier
Authors: Morel Didier
Published: March 2023

Concernant, ici plus particulièrement, les situations de handicaps mental et psychique : l’idéologie et les politiques orientant le travail médico-social décréteraient-elles la capacitation de tous à tout ? Alors que ce n’est qu’en reconnaissant des situations et profils toujours singuliers, des capacités et des incapacités, que l’on peut accompagner au mieux les personnes concernées.
Numérique et travail social
Authors: Steyer Gauthier
Published: March 2023

Les technologies connectées s’imposent à toutes les professions, y compris celles du champ socio-éducatif. Elles s’immiscent dans la relation entre le travailleur social et son public, s’imposent à lui dans sa pratique au quotidien. Ces nouveaux outils présentés comme des facilitateurs peuvent aussi devenir envahissants et chronophages, au détriment du lien humain indispensable à notre équilibre et notre bien-être.
Physicochemical characteristics of an alcohol hangover relief drink containing persimmon vinegar
Authors: Lee Soo Won , Moon Hey Kyung , Lee Seul , Yun Yong Deuk , Kim Jong Kuk
Published: March 2023

The development of alcohol hangover relief drinks by adding persimmon vinegar was investigated in this study. This study aimed to develop and investigate the physicochemical characteristics of a hangover relief drink, derived from persimmon vinegar, that may have health benefits. Persimmon vinegar was added at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%. The higher the concentration of persimmon vinegar, the lower the pH, °Brix and reducing sugar content of the product. In contrast, higher titratable acidity, turbidity and tannin values were obtained with increasing concentrations of persimmon vinegar. The addition of 12.5% persimmon vinegar induced the highest alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities at 160.91 and 117.14%, respectively. The L value also decreased as persimmon vinegar concentration increased. The addition of persimmon vinegar at high concentrations decreased fructose, glucose and maltose content but increased the sucrose content of the drink. Ca, K and Na were the most abundant minerals in the drink. Some organic acids, such as oxalic, malic, lactic, acetic, citric and succinic acids, were also detected in the developed alcohol hangover relief drink. This study suggests that adding 7.5% of persimmon vinegar improves the physicochemical characteristics, especially the Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities. This finding indicates that this formulated drink with 75% persimmon vinegar may be beneficial against oxidative stress.
El Raval en la literatura contemporània
Authors: Patricio Mulero Maria
Published: March 2023

Le quartier du Raval est probablement le plus important dans la littérature contemporaine barcelonaise. Les représentations littéraires de ce territoire montrent un espace avec une forte tendance à la métamorphose physique et humaine. Foyer des classes populaires, lieu d’accueil des nouveaux arrivés, plateforme des marges et la prostitution, le Raval a fasciné les écrivains, notamment pendant le XXème siècle. Dans cet article nous étudierons les imaginaires sociaux de quatre romans, analysés dans le cadre de ma thèse de doctorat sur l’identité littéraire de Barcelone.
Un quartier à soi : Demolició, le beau Raval de Virginie Manuel
Authors: Kerfa Sonia
Published: March 2023

À Barcelone, le sud du Raval, ex « Barrio Chino », est intrinsèquement lié dans l’imaginaire de la ville, au monde d’un lumpenprolétariat éternel, attaché à un quartier de tous les possibles, ouvert aussi bien au bourgeois canaille qu’au junkie. Le processus de gentrification, commencé à la fin des années 1990, a peu modifié les usages du Raval mais sa population, très modeste, en a été profondément affectée, son dessin urbanistique aussi. La démolition d’une partie de ce quartier a fait l’objet d’un court métrage en Super 8 réalisé par Virginie Manuel, architecte de formation et habitante d’un quartier dont elle a observé, en artiste, la métamorphose violente. La brutalité de la transformation l’a poussée à laisser une trace de cet événement qu’elle filmera pendant plus de deux ans (fin 1996-1999). Demolició rend compte de ce rapport esthétique et sensible à la ruine programmée et aux travailleurs du bâtiment que la caméra de la cinéaste transfigure. Porté par le « taconeo » audacieux de Carmen Amaya, ce film dit avec puissance l’entêtement d’un monde populaire qu’il ne faut pas laisser disparaître.
Dérives dans le Raval
Authors: Terrasa Jacques
Published: March 2023

Le documentaire de José Luis Guerin, En construcción, s’ouvre et se ferme par deux travellings. Le premier est une archive de 1959, filmée en 8 mm par Joan Colom, où l’on suit un marin dans le Raval barcelonais ; le dernier est un plan séquence, construit comme une performance, qui semble sceller les liens tissés durant le tournage entre l’équipe et les jeunes protagonistes de cet épilogue ouvert. Entre les deux, au centre du film, c’est toute la solitude et la misère des laissés-pour-compte d’un monde avide de spéculation, que montre l’errance d’Antonio – l’ancien marin – dans les ruines du Raval désert. Ces trois dérives sont les symptômes d’un mal-être lié à la marge, mais aussi une belle leçon de cinéma.
Prévoir pour filmer la parole
Authors: Mayer Myriam
Published: March 2023

Dans le cadre de cet article nous proposons d’analyser la parole filmée dans le documentaire En construcción (José Luis Guerin, 2001) ; d’étudier les liens complexes tissés entre le vu et l’entendu, entre le visible et l’invisible. Nous étudions précisément les diverses fonctions données à la parole d’Antonio lors de la première apparition de ce personnage dans le film et réfléchissons aux relations établies entre la voix du pouvoir et le pouvoir de la voix. Nous en venons donc à considérer le discours du film, celui que le cinéaste élabore à travers son montage.
Exhumer le passé et les images : le Raval fouillé par la caméra de José Luis Guerin
Authors: Thibaudeau Pascale
Published: March 2023

Cet article aborde la façon dont le film En construcción (José Luis Guerin, 2001) propose une réflexion sur le temps et la condition de mortel, à travers les événements qui rythment un chantier de démolition et de reconstruction dans le quartier du Raval à Barcelone. Temps humain, historique, géologique et cosmique se superposent dans les micro-récits, dialogues et péripéties subtilement agencées par le montage, comme autant d’empreintes d’époques révolues ou en voie de l’être. Dans un second temps, l’article s’intéresse à d’autres traces, visuelles celles-ci, disséminées au long du film : images graphiques, picturales, photographiques ou filmiques le jalonnent depuis ses premiers plans, renvoyant parfois à d’autres images, à d’autres histoires dans des jeux complexes de transtextualité.
El modernisme i la rebel·lió de les «ciutats segones»: el cas de Barcelona
Authors: Casacuberta Margarida
Published: March 2023

Cet article propose de réinterpréter le mouvement moderniste en Catalogne à partir d’une perspective européenne et de l’hypothèse selon laquelle le modernisme est un mouvement distinctif des « deuxièmes villes » de l’Europe à la fin du XIXe siècle pour atteindre la prépondérance politique dans un Etat donné et face aux capitales respectives. Le cas de Barcelone, ville moderniste par excellence, est emblématique du processus de construction à travers des éléments symboliques et culturels d’une capitalité alternative à Madrid qui aura des conséquences politiques importantes. L’image littéraire de Barcelone en tant que « ville rebelle » répond dans une large mesure à cette dynamique.
Fructuos(o) Gelabert. La micro-histoire à l’œuvre (simple/basique)
Authors: Seguin Jean-Claude
Published: March 2023

La vie et l’œuvre de Fructuoso Gelabert, malgré plusieurs travaux déjà anciens qui lui ont été consacrés, comportent encore aujourd’hui de nombreuses zones d’ombre. C’est le cas en particulier du début de sa carrière qui a été l’objet de manipulations qui n’ont guère à voir avec le travail de l’historien. La micro-histoire, comme véritable méthode de recherche, permet d’écarter l’essentiel des approximations ou inexactitudes qui entourent l’existence et la production du cinématographiste catalan. En outre, elle permet de mettre en place des éléments fondés sur des traces qu’il s’agisse de sources premières (état civil, archives…) ou autres (la presse de l’époque). Sans prétendre avoir tout résolu, cette recherche souhaite modestement offrir une base incontestable pour mieux connaître la biographie de Fructuoso Gelabert.
Natives’ and immigrants’ fertility intentions in Europe: the role of employment
Authors: Alderotti Giammarco , Garcia-Pereiro Thais , Pace Roberta , Paterno Anna
Published: March 2023

In several European countries, births to immigrant women represent more than 10% of all births [Sobotka 2008]; however, there is evidence showing that in the aftermath of the Great Recession migrants’ fertility might have fallen more pronouncedly among migrants than natives [Sobotka 2017].With this study, we aim to provide further evidence about the employment/fertility link among migrants by focusing on the relationship between employment and fertility intentions - instead of the behaviours. In fact, most research on migrant fertility has focused on childbearing behaviours, disregarding the ideational dimensions represented by attitudes and intentions, which are of primary importance to complete the picture through a better understanding of the normative side of fertility [Milewski and Mussino, 2018]. We do this relying on data from the European Social Survey and focusing on two years, 2004 and 2010, i.e. just before and just after the 2008 financial crisis (the ’Great Recession’). The analysis of developments over this short period allows us to understand the link between fertility intentions and employment in a period characterised by a severe economic crisis. Scrutinising the fertility intentions of migrants with different employment status across Europe, we aim to shed light on dynamics around migrants’ childbearing in the host country.
Le télétravail est-il synonyme d’exode urbain ? Les enseignements du premier confinement en France
Authors: Pigalle Eléonore , Atkinson-Clement Cyril
Published: March 2023

Cet article explore les potentialités du télétravail, un sujet riche en littérature scientifique depuis les années 1980, qui s’actualise avec sa généralisation forcée en réponse à l'urgence sanitaire causée par le Covid-19. Cette étude analyse l'impact qu’a eu l’habitude de télétravailler sur les mouvements de population dans le contexte singulier du premier confinement en France (du 17 mars au 10 mai 2020). Nos résultats montrent que (i) les actifs habitués au télétravail n’ont pas plus déménagé à l’annonce du confinement que les non habitués ; (ii) lorsqu’ils ont changé de résidence, une différence qualitative pouvait être observée entre ces deux groupes ; (iii) si l’habitude au télétravail a permis de protéger les actifs sur le plan professionnel, ils n’ont pas nécessairement mieux vécu le confinement que les autres actifs. En conclusion, ce travail contribue aux réflexions en cours concernant l’arrivée de nouveaux télétravailleurs nés à la suite du Covid-19 sur les conséquences spatiales et la réorganisation des territoires, ce qui constitue un défi majeur pour les décideurs politiques et économiques.
Environmental crisis, food crisis and resisting fisherpersons. The case of the Magdalena River, Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Carolina , Ruiz-Ruiz Nubia , Velut Sébastien
Published: March 2023

The Magdalena River basin is the main source of food in Colombia. 70% of agricultural output and 40% of inland fishing are produced in its basin. However, the River is facing a complex environmental crisis that affects both the fisheries and fishermen’s territoriality. The river as a source of food is declining. This article aims to present the relation between the environmental crisis of the river and food security at the local and national level, through the situation of the artisanal fisheries and fisherpersons in the Magdalena River. The methodology of the research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, through descriptive statistics of population and productive surveys, and in-deep interviews with fisherpersons and other strategic actors in different parts of Magdalena’s basin.
Le cap des 100 millions en Égypte. Discours de crise et stratégies à l’aune des changements environnementaux globaux
Authors: Bonnefoi Florian
Published: March 2023

Avec plus de 100 millions d’habitants, l’Égypte est un géant démographique. Le pays gagne désormais un million d’habitants tous les 7 mois et sa population est extrêmement jeune : deux tiers des Égyptiens ont moins de 30 ans. Dans un pays désertique à 96 %, cette augmentation soutenue de la population est présentée comme alarmante. Depuis les années 1950, un discours de crise se construit dans les déclarations politiques et dans les médias. La croissance démographique est accusée de tous les maux du pays : pauvreté, « retards de développement », insécurité, construction illégale, etc. Dans un contexte de changements environnementaux globaux, ce discours se teinte d’une dimension environnementaliste insistant sur la rareté des ressources, en premier lieu l’eau et les terres arables. En s’appuyant sur la presse et sur des entretiens menés dans la région du Delta, cet article analyse le discours de crise qui reporte la responsabilité sur les classes populaires. Face à ce qui est présenté comme un défi majeur, des politiques publiques de réduction de la natalité et des politiques territoriales de fronts pionniers dans le désert – bonification des terres et villes nouvelles – sont menées depuis plusieurs décennies et s’accélèrent aujourd’hui.
Our Bodies Their Battlefield: What War Does to Women
Authors: AKYİLDİZ Sevket
Published: March 2023

Christina Lamb’s Our Bodies Their Battlefield: What War Does to Women? explains that men’s sexual violence is designed to humiliate women and entire communities in a war context. Furthermore, Lamb’s study highlights women's testimony in fighting stigmatisation and ostracisation in conservative societies. The study also discusses the physical, psychological, legal and socio-economic problems women face because of the violence done to them. In particular, the author emphasizes the historical failure of the national governments to address the abuse of women by combatants and that only now sexual violence in war is being taken seriously. Importantly, Lamb outlines hope among women as they struggle to rebuild individual lives, families and communities in their homelands or abroad. The book contains a prologue, 15 chapters and a postscript. The content of each chapter is worth mentioning because it shows the depth and breadth of Lamb’s research and the useful comparisons and contrasts the author makes about the treatment of women in each war or conflict.
Importance–performance analysis: Perception gap between community pharmacy preceptors and students
Authors: Kim Yejee , Jeong Kyeong Hye , Kim Eunyoung
Published: March 2023

This study compared students’ and preceptors’ perceptions of the latter’s role importance and performance during community pharmacy experiential practice (CPEP) under the newly implemented two + four-year programme in South Korea. This cross-sectional study was based on two nationwide surveys and adopted importance–performance analysis (IPA) and multivariate analysis. A total of 390 preceptors and 1138 preceptees of CPEP participated. Overall evaluation was positive in both groups. Students rated the importance of the preceptors’ role higher than preceptors did (average gap: 0.13). Further, students rated their performance lower than preceptors (average gap: −0.22). In IPA, both considered that the “pharmacists’ ethics adherence” was crucial and that their performance was great, while they regarded “systematically organising practice activities” as highly important with low performance. Students regarded preceptors as “being a role model or mentor” (3.56/4.0) but evaluated their performance as low (3.12/4.0). More efforts are needed to reduce discrepancies between preceptors and students in CPEP.
IMPACT OF SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CASSAVA SAMPLES FROM IKWO LGA OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Edwin N. , Obasi D. C. , Offor C. E. , Obasi J. N. , Ugwu O. P. C. , Aja P. M. , Ogbanshi M. E. , Uraku A. J. , Alum E. U. , Ali F. U.
Published: March 2023

Physicochemical properties of soil samples from Ikwo LGA of Ebonyi State were investigated for their impact on mineral composition of cassava samples. Standard methods were used for analyses. Sixteen soil samples and eight cassava samples were used for the research. The results of the soil physicochemical analysis were sand 67.73%, silt 16.77%, clay 15.5%, pH 7.45, organic carbon 1.62%, organic matter 2.79%, exchangeable acidity (EA) 1.13 mg/kg, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) 9.71 mg/kg and base saturation (BS) 88.39 %, for topsoil. For subsoil, sand 60.73 %, silt 17.27 %, clay 22.00 %, pH 5.32, organic carbon 1.15 %, organic matter 1.98 %, EA 1.14 mg/kg, ECEC 9.23 mg/kg and BS 87.38 %. The soil texture was sandy loam for the top and subsoil. The result of soil mineral analyses (mg/kg) were Ca 5.20, Mg 3.00, K 0.19, Na 0.18, P 55.35 and N 0.15 for topsoil; while those of subsoil were Ca 5.07, Mg 2.67, K 0.17, Na 0.18, P 41.68 and N 0.11. The result of soil heavy metal analysis (mg/kg) showed that all the heavy metals are within EPA Standard. The result of the cassava mineral analysis (mg/kg) were Ca 3.76, Mg 1.19, K 0.849, Na 0.24-0.26, N 1.05 and P 0.46. The result of cassava heavy metal analysis (mg/kg) showed that all the heavy metals are within EPA Standard. There was correlation between the soil physicochemical properties and the mineral concentrations of the cassava samples. There was also correlation between the soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentration of the cassava samples.
AMINO ACIDS PROFILE AND BENEFICIAL METALS COMPOSITION OF SOME SELECTEDSPECIES OF SEAFOOD FROM SOMBREIRORIVER IN IDAMA, RIVERS STATE.
Authors: Nwachoko N. , Nteile E. C. , Nwiloh B. I.
Published: March 2023

Seafood has been used widely as a vital source of animal protein and other beneficial metals.This study was designed to profile the amino acid and beneficial metal contents of Whelk (Buccinum undatum), Crab (Callinectes sapidus), Periwinkle (Littorina littorea), and Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) from Sombreiro River in Idama of Rivers State. Crude protein, amino acids, and metal contents of the seafood were determined using standard methods. Also, the leucine/isoleucine/valine, sodium/potassium, sodium/magnesium, and potassium/sodium ratios were determined. Data were statistically analysed with ANOVA. Results for the total proteins showed that Crab had the highest crude protein content of 25.17 ± 0.01 % while Whelk and Periwinkle had the lowest total crude contents respectively. All four shellfishes contained 9 essential amino acids required by most biological systems and 9 non-essential amino acids. Histidine, lysine, methionine, and phenylalanine were the most abundant nutritionally essential amino acids while glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant non-essential amino acids. It was revealed that Oyster had the highest percentage of total essential amino acids and Whelk had the highest percentage of total non-essential amino acids. The leucine/isoleucine/valine ratios showed that Periwinkle and Crab had a ratio of 1.0:1.0:1.0 each while Whelk and Oyster had 2.0:2.0:1.0 and 4.0:3.0:1.0. Also, potassium and magnesium were the most abundant metals. All the metals analysed and the mineral ratios calculated were below the internationally acceptable limits. These results, therefore, revealed that the seafood analysed was of high nutritive values which might be useful in clinical nutrition and counselling.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN COW MILK BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD
Authors: Okopi P. A.
Published: March 2023

Antibiotics are used as growth boosters, illness prevention and treatment in animal agriculture. The majority of cattle farmers take advantage of the system and do not adhere to the withdrawal periods. These antibiotics are identified as residues in ready-to-eat meat, causing negative consequences in human beings. The majority of the study on determining antibiotic residues in ready-to-eat meat relied on thorough research and paid little attention to animal products such as cow milk. The goal of this study was to use a method that could be used on a regular basis to determine the amounts of antibiotic residues in cow milk marketed to the general population in Ibadan. These antibiotics residues (chloramphenicol and erythromycin) were extracted from cow milk by centrifugation and liquid-liquid extraction using acetonitrile. Vacuum-liquid chromatography was used to clean the extracts, and 10mL of a 1:1:1 v/v mixture of n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol was used. After that, a high-resolution liquid chromatography analysis was performed on the extracts. All of the samples included residues of chloramphenicol (CAP), with mean values ranging from 91.4610.89 to 692.6616.74 ng/g, while erythromycin (ERY) was not observed. All of the samples contained chloramphenicol, proving that cow farmers had been abusing it.
POTENTIAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS CULTIVATED AROUND ABANDONED MINE AREAS IN BARKIN LADI, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Milam C. , Jildawa D. , Onanuga K. , Daniel V. N.
Published: March 2023

Irrigation food crops are intensively cultivated on/or around the abandoned tin mine areas in Plateau State, Nigeria. Vegetables cultivated on contaminated soil are a potential risk to human health, particularly, through consumption. The physico-chemical properties of the soil and sediment revealed that the soil/sediment were acidic, non- saline and of low fertility. Most of the heavy metals’ concentrations in the agricultural mine soils were above the DPR maximum allowable limits with order of abundance of metals in the soils as Fe>>Mn>Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. The ingestion health index (HI) in children and that of dermal route in both children and adults were greater than 1 indicating a potential adverse effect. Contamination index, degree of contamination and pollution load indices indicated slight contamination to excessive pollution, ultra-high degree of contamination and very highly polluted soils and sediments respectively. The geo accumulation index showed pollution was from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated in Zn (0< Igeo< 1) to extremely contaminated in Fe (5< Igeo). There was no enrichment of metals (0 ˂ EF ˂ 1) in the studied matrices but low ecological pollution; (Eri<40) to considerable (80≤Er<160) with substantial contributions from Cu and Cr. The risk index was moderate (150≤R<300) for all the locations in the study. The health risk assessment of heavy metals in the vegetables showed that the HQ and HI values of heavy metals in tomatoes from B/Ladi were higher than that of other vegetables. All the metals HQ values were lower than 1 except As HQ was higher than 1. The study also revealed that all of the CR values exceeded the threshold level (CR>10−4) suggested by US EPA for water and Cr, Cd and As in most of the studied tomato in the two sample areas. Cultivation of tomato should not be on or around abandoned mine. Key Words: Risk Assessment, Agricultural crops, Abandoned mine, Barkin Ladi
STUDIES ON THE ALKYLATION OF QUINIZARIN
Authors: UNUIGBOJE A. , EDWARD C.
Published: March 2023

Quinizarin a precursor to anthracyclines was subsequently alkylated with α, β-unsaturated aldehydes - crotonaldehyde, acrolein and ethyl acrylate using piperidinium acetate as a catalyst and ethanol as solvent. Quinizarin was synthesized using phthalic anhydride and parachlorophenol with concentrated sulphuric acid as solvent and catalyst in synergism with boric acid at 2600C to give a yield of 36.3%, then reduced to leucoquinizarin using Sn in concentrated hydrochloric acid with glacial acetic acid as solvent and refluxed for five hours to give a yield of 35.6%. The alkylating reagent crotonaldehyde was synthesized by aldol condensation of acetaldehyde with concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst at a yield of 27.1% while acrolein was synthesized by the dehydration of glycerol using potassium bicarbonate as catalyst at a yield of 94.8%. Leucoquinizarin was alkylated with crotonaldehyde, acrolein and ethyl acrylate using piperidinium acetate as a catalyst in ethanol. The alkylation with crotonaldehyde and ethyl acetate was done by reflux for three and five hours respectively and resulted in a 1, 4 addition and a subsequent aldol annelation reaction accompanied by a 1,3 sigmatropic shift to give a pentacyclic ring at a yield of 42.1% and 61% respectively. Acrolein gave a polymeric product.
QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF Solanum americanum.
Authors: Nwabiani R. , Ogbuagu A. S. , Okerulu I. O.
Published: March 2023

This study estimated the quantity of some phyto- compounds as well as the antioxidants activities of the methanol leave extract of Solanum americanum [S.a]. The quantitative phytochemical analysis were carried out using gravimetric and spectroscopic method while the antioxidant activities were assayed using free radical scavenging activities of DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and ABTS. The quantitative analysis showed that the phenolic content of the leaves to have highest concentration at 62mg/100g alkaloids 60mg/100g, total flavonoids and tannins 48 and 45mg/100g respectively. The extract showed inhibitory potential against DPPH free radical, the inhibitory percentages vary from 33.68±0.74 to 80.83±1.10 at 100µg/ml for the methanol extract of the plant Solanum americanum to 48.19±0.73 to 84.59±0.91 at 100µg/ml for the standard [ascorbic acid]. The maximum NO scavenging activity of the plant extract to ascorbic acid are 77.89±0.69 to 89.19±0.35 at a concentration of 100µg/ml. The IC50 value are 47.79 for the inhibition of the plant extract while that of the standard is 27.80. ABTS assay free radical scavenging percent inhibition has an increased concentration from 25-100 μg/ml at 33.75±0.87- 71.92±0.15. H2O2 radicals scavenging activity inhibition percentage of methanol leaf extract of the plant Solanum americanum was from 53.82±0.37 to 76.89±0.32 at 25-100μg/ml as compared to the standard with inhibition percentage from 78.35±0.79 to 95.18±0.37. The quantitative analysis showed that the phenolic content has the highest concentration, hence has the most antioxidant activity also that the plant has strong free radical scavenging activities.
REMOVAL OF SILVER AND CADMIUM FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER USING CHEMICALLY MODIFIED PALM KERNEL SHELLS.
Authors: Onwukeme V. I. , Egemba C. C.
Published: March 2023

This research was carried out to assess the efficiency of modified palm kernel shells in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Palm kernel (PK) shell an abundant waste from palm fruits was modified using polyaspartic acid sodium salt (PASP-Na). The raw PK shells as well as the modified shells were used to remove silver and cadmium from wastewater collected from the image developing section of a printing press. The raw Pk shells removed 8.39% of Cadmium and 88.88% of Silver from the wastewater. However, the modified PK shells showed greater adsorption capacity with 21.54% and 9.8% increase in cadmium and silver adsorption respectively. The effect of reaction conditions; contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, effluent volume and temperature was investigated using an adsorption column. This study showed that chemically modified palm kernel shells can be used to reduce heavy metal concentration in industrial effluents.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN SOME SELECTED VEGETABLES FROM MAMUDO, POTISKUM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE
Authors: Abdulkadir A. G. , Kendeson C. A. , Mohammed A. D. , Sabo B. , Obiagwu I. C. , Samuel N. S.
Published: March 2023

Soil is a vital environmental, ecological and agricultural resource that has to be protected from further degradation as an adequate supply of healthy food is needed for the world’s increasing population. Heavy metals’ accumulation in the soil is of great concern in agricultural production due to the adverse effects on food quality, crop growth and environmental health. The concentration of heavy metals [Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr)] in vegetables (Tomato fruit and Spinach leaves) and soils (Tomato and Spinach soils) were collected from different farmlands in Mamudo, Potiskum L.G.A of Yobe State and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The results revealed all the heavy metals were detected in all the samples with Zn (7.2), Fe (7.5), Pb (4.0), Cu (113.9), Cd (29.1), Cr (4.7) mg/kg respectively for the tomatoes samples and Zn (7.1), Fe (18.3), Pb (21.8), Cu (95.7), Cd (50.8), and Cr (2.7) mg/kg respectively for the spinach. The concentration of the heavy metals were within the normal range World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) safe limits of 20 – 100, 400 – 500 and 0.5 – 30 for Zn, Fe and Pb respectively in plants samples. But the concentration of the heavy metals were above the normal range WHO/FAO safe limits of 2.5 < 2.4 and < 0.1 – 1 for Cu, Cd, and Cr respectively in plants samples. The high concentration level of Cu, Cd and Cr could be attributed to the high level of metal work, vehicular emissions, addition of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals to the soil to enhance the agricultural crops. Therefore, the vegetables samples are not safe for consumption with regards to Cu, Cd and Cr.
THERMAL MODIFICATION OF NEW SORGHUM AND MILLET CULTIVARS: EFFECTS ON COMPOSITION, PROTEIN QUALITY AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FLOURS
Authors: Bagirei S. Y. , Makeri M. U. , Badau M. H. , Idakwo P.
Published: March 2023

Driven by consumers’ need to limit gluten intake in their diets, the demand for gluten‐free products continues to grow in the foodservice industry. Two newly released sorghum and millet cultivars were thermally modified and their responses to the pre-gelatinization (PG) determined by evaluating their chemical compositions, amino acids profile and functional properties using standard procedures. Protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index, biological value, nutritional index and amino acid score were calculated from the amino acid profile. PG increased the total carbohydrate by 7% and 3.7% in sorghum and millet respectively. The millet showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of fat, carbohydrate and energy than did the sorghum, whereas the latter exhibited higher ash and protein content. PG significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the ash, fat and protein contents of both sorghum and millet flours. Of the essential amino acids (EAA) of the raw flours, millet exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher values of histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, with no significant difference in leucine and lysine between the two grains. While PG induced increase in all the EAA in sorghum except phenylalanine, millet showed decrease in histidine, lysine and threonine. PG increased the EAA millet in valine by 11% followed by isoleucine (8%), threonine (7.3%), methionine (4.4%), phenylalanine (4.3%) and leucine (2.6%). significant (p < 0.05) increase of 82% and 12% in isoleucine and threonine. The WAC of raw millet flour (192.2%) was significantly higher than that of sorghum flour (189.7%), but PG reduced the WAC of both sorghum and millet flours by 11.9% and 12.5%, respectively. Results from the study indicated that pregelatinized sorghum and millet flours are good replacement as source of gluten-free products to meet varied consumers choices and changing dietary habits.
FREE RADICAL SCAVAGING ACTIVITY AND ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTY OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF Uapaca togoensis IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RATS
Authors: Idris M. M. , Nenge H. P.
Published: March 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of worldwide significance and increasing prevalence. This places a demand on researchers to find a solution to it through ethnomedicine. This study investigated the toxicological, antioxidant, anti-diabetic property and hyperlipidemic effect of Uapaca togoensis stem bark extract in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats. Thirty (30) albino rats were assigned into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Group A was not induced and used as positive control/nondiabetic group, while groups B-F were induced with alloxan at 150mg/kg administered via intraperitoneally (i.p). Group B used as diabetic control was not treated but allowed access to feed and water. C, D and E were treated with 300mg/kg, 700mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of Uapaca togoensis stem bark extract respectively; while group F was treated with standard drug (glibenclimide) at a dose of 5mg/kg. The doses were administered orally and the treatment lasted for 7 days. Results indicated that the extract have hypoglycemic activity on the diabetic rats. Modified method of Lorke was employed to ascertain the extract toxicity and the result however indicated that the extract was safe for the test rats up to 5000mg per body weight dose. DPPH, FRAP and Hydrogen peroxide assays were used to assess the antioxidant activities of the extract. The results were significant at p<0.05 at all concentrations compared with the standard (vitamin C) and the % inhibitory activities were almost the same with Vitamin C in hydrogen peroxide method. This was an indication that Uapacatogeonsis extractpossess antioxidant properties.
COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF METAL (II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM ASPIRIN
Authors: Jibril S. , Jibrin H. , Isah B. , Abubakar S. , Dahuwa D.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research work is to compare the findings of the two techniques of synthesis (solid state and solution based synthesis) in order to know whether the two results are similar or not and also to determine if the introduction of the metal ion increase or decrease the activity of the drug. From the spectral studies, it revealed that the ligand act as bidentate which coordinated to the central metal through the carbonyl of acid and ester. The elemental analysis data agreed with the proposed structure of the complexes and revealed the ratio of 2:1. Bacterial activity test shows the increase in activity from the complexes compared with the free ligand. The authors recommend the application of solid state synthesis as the method also provide the same or better result than the solution based synthesis and also the solid state method is more effective and greener synthesis.
EFFECT OF DAYS OF FERMENTATION AND PALM OIL ON THE LEVELS OF CYANIDE IN GARRI SAMPLES
Authors: Maduelosi N. J. , Onuigbo U. , Egede B.
Published: March 2023

Investigation of the levels of cyanide in garri samples, a widely consumed food from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) was carried out. Ground cassava roots from where the garri was prepared were allowed to ferment for different days (interval of 1-5 days). The effect of palm oil on the samples was also investigated. The levels of cyanide on the different garri samples were measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Results showed that the cyanide levels in the garri samples were 0.054, 0.044, 0.037, 0.031, 0.025 for the samples without palm oil and fermentation days 1 to 5 respectively, and 0.052, 0.042, 0.035, 0.029, 0.023 for the samples with palm oil and 1 to 5 fermentation days respectively. The results show that cyanide levels reduce with increase in the number of days of fermentation of the cassava and vice versa. Addition of palm oil reduced the level of cyanide in the garri samples studied but the effect was little.
ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS OF BRIDGED BINUCLEAR IRON(III)- COMPLEXES: A REVIEW
Authors: Ukoha P. O. , Anidobu C. O. , Egwuonwu P. F.
Published: March 2023

Binuclear iron (III) complexes comprising of the -oxo-bridged form, [Fe2O]4+ or [Fe(OH)2]4+, and the dicarboxylic bridged chains incorporating salen or saloph ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Their close resemblance to some haeme and non-haeme iron-based enzymes has elicited a lot of interest in studying them. Biological studies have shown some of them to be good mimics of superoxide dismutase. The saloph and salen analogues also showed physiological actions very close to the porphyrins. The study of their electron transfer reactions, with a view of understanding their potential as electron transfer enzymes, has generated interesting results and some unusual kinetic behaviours. Reactions of [(FeHEDTA)2O]2+ with ascorbic acid and some thiols were second order and followed outer-sphere path mediated by ion-pairs formation. However, reaction of [Fe2(bipy)O]4+ with some reductants were zero order with respect to the oxidant and also followed outer-sphere path. Reduction of the adipato-bridged dimer, [Fe(saloph)2µ-adi], by SO32- and SO42-, S2O52-, benzyl mercaptan, mercaptobenzothiazole and thioglycolic acid followed inner-sphere paths. However, all the reactions were acid-catalysed and were mediated by intervening protonated oxidant precursor complexes.
Crop Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kalpana P , Anusha Prem I , Josephine Reena Mary S , Rani ArockiaValan
Published: March 2023

The majority of India’s agricultural products have been negatively impacted by climate change in terms of performance over the past 20 years. Prior to harvest, crop output predictions would aid farmers and policymakers in deciding on the best course of action for marketing and storage. Before cultivating on the agricultural field, this project will assist the farmers in learning the yield of their crop, enabling them to make the best choices. By creating a working prototype of an interactive prediction system, it tries to find a solution. It will be put into practise to implement such a system with a user-friendly web-based graphic user interface and the machine learning algorithm. The farmer will have access to the prediction’s outcomes. So, there are various ways or algorithms for this type of data analytics in crop prediction, and we can anticipate crop production with the aid of those algorithms. It employs the random forest algorithm. There are no suitable technologies or solutions to deal with the scenario we are in, despite the analysis of all these concerns and problems, including weather, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and moisture. In India, there are numerous ways to boost agricultural economic development. Data mining can be used to forecast crop yield growth. Data mining is, in general, the process of reviewing data from various angles and distilling it into pertinent information. The most well-known and effective supervised machine learning algorithm, random forest, can perform both classification and regression tasks. It works by building a large number of decision trees during training time and producing output of the class that is the mean prediction (for regression) or mode of the classes (for classification) of the individual trees.
Robust Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia Using a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Bindhu N , Mageswari N , Archana B. U , Niranjana V
Published: March 2023

Machine learning has become increasingly useful in various medical applications. One such case is the automatic categorization of ECG voltage data. A method of categorization is proposed that works in real time to provide fast and accurate classifications of heart beats. This proposed method uses machine learning principles to allow for results to be determined based on a training dataset. The goal of this project is to develop a method of automatically classifying heartbeats that can be done on a low level and run on portable hardware.
Survey On Parameters of Data Compression
Authors: Nithya P , Vengattaraman T , Sathya M
Published: March 2023

The rapid development in the hardware and the software gives rise to data growth. This data growth has numerous impacts, including the need for a larger storage capacity for storing and transmitting. Data compression is needed in today’s world because it helps to minimize the amount of storage space required to store and transmit data. Performance measures in data compression are used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of data compression algorithms. In recent times, numerous data compression algorithms are developed to reduce data storage and increase transmission speed in this internet era. In order to analyses how data compression performance is measured in terms of text, image, audio, and video compressions. This survey presents discussion made for important data compression parameters according to their data types.
Sentiment Analysis in Multiple Languages: A Review of Current Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Kumaresan C , Thangaraju P
Published: March 2023

Sentiment analysis, the process of automatically identifying and extracting subjective information from text, has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential applications in a variety of fields. However, the task of sentiment analysis can be challenging when applied to texts in multiple languages, as it requires not only language-specific preprocessing and feature extraction techniques, but also the development and adaptation of machine learning models that are able to handle the complexities of different languages. This research paper provides an overview of the current approaches and challenges in sentiment analysis for multiple languages. This study begins by discussing the general principles and techniques of sentiment analysis, including the use of deep learning and machine learning methods, as well as the importance of feature selection and ethical considerations. It examines the specific challenges and approaches for sentiment analysis in various languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Russian, and English. The use of multimodal sentiment analysis and the potential applications of sentiment analysis in various domains, such as healthcare, social media, and customer service. At the end, this review highlights the potential of sentiment analysis in multiple languages and the need for further research to improve the accuracy and reliability of sentiment analysis models for a variety of languages and domains. Future work should also address the ethical concerns involved in the collection and use of sentiment analysis data, as well as the challenges of adapting models to new languages and domains.
Robust Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia Using a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Bindhu N , Maheshwari N , Archana B.U , Niranjana Niranjana
Published: March 2023

Machine learning has become increasingly useful in various medical applications. One such case is the automatic categorization of ECG voltage data. A method of categorization is proposed that works in real time to provide fast and accurate classifications of heart beats. This proposed method uses machine learning principles to allow for results to be determined based on a training dataset. The goal of this project is to develop a method of automatically classifying heartbeats that can be done on a low level and run on portable hardware.