bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure mode change and material damage with varied machining speeds: a review
Authors: Zhang Jianqiu , He Binbin , Zhang Bi
Published: February 2023

High-speed machining (HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However, the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not been formally reviewed thus far. This article focuses on the solid mechanics framework of adiabatic shear band (ASB) onset and material metallurgical microstructural evolutions in HSM. The ASB onset is described using partial differential systems. Several factors in HSM were considered in the systems, and the ASB onset conditions were obtained by solving these systems or applying the perturbation method to the systems. With increasing machining speed, an ASB can be depressed and further eliminated by shock pressure. The damage observed in HSM exhibits common features. Equiaxed fine grains produced by dynamic recrystallization widely cause damage to ductile materials, and amorphization is the common microstructural evolution in brittle materials. Based on previous studies, potential mechanisms for the phenomena in HSM are proposed. These include the thickness variation of the white layer of ductile materials. These proposed mechanisms would be beneficial to deeply understanding the various phenomena in HSM.
Experimental investigation and process parameter optimization in cold metal transfer welding for SS304L using response surface method
Authors: Ainapurapu Sirisha Bhadrakali , Devulapalli Venkata Anantha Ramasastry , Theagarajan Ram Prabhu
Published: February 2023

Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding was used to join SS304L plates using SS308L MIG wire. The effects of current, the distance between nozzle and tip, welding speed on strength, hardness and surface roughness of welded zone in the CMT process using response surface methodology were investigated in the present study. The outcomes show that current is having a significant effect on the outputs. Also, current interacting with weld speed is showing its mark on the output variables like tensile strength, hardness and surface roughness. Finally, optimal results are found and the experimental values are in coincidence with the predicted values.
Nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms for urban transit routing problem
Authors: Li Qian , Guo Liang
Published: February 2023

Designing urban transportation networks is a technological and social reality defined as a decentralized polynomial NP-Hard problem. In order to efficiently resolve this issue, several nature-inspired metaheuristic approaches have been proposed. Although these methods are crucial to resolving urban transportation network challenges, no comprehensive study has been conducted to address these concerns. Thus, this study provides an in-depth examination of nature-inspired metaheuristic methods applied to urban transmission. The current study aims to demonstrate the significant benefits of optimization algorithms in solving the Urban Transit Routing Problem (UTRP).
Implementation of 23 Gbps optical wireless link for 750 km inter-aircraft communications
Authors: Venkata Sudhakar M. , G.K Rajini
Published: February 2023

Optical device research and development is crucial for the implementation of miniaturized wireless optical transmission systems that are capable of transmitting large amounts of data at fast speeds. This work presents the design and evaluation of an optical link for the inter-aircraft interconnects. At the transmitter, the vertically cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) is used to generate a directly modulated non-return to zero (NRZ) signal. In the receiver, direct detection and Gaussian low-pass filtering are used. The system's performance is evaluated and compared with and without the use of filtration at the detector. BER, sensitivities, and data transmission capability are used to evaluate the performance of optical wireless systems using optisystem software. The range and data rate are enhanced 9-fold and 4-fold, respectively, in comparison to earlier schemes. The results presented show a transmission range of 750 km at a 23 Gbps data rate with a BER of 10-29.
Experimental optimization on mechanical properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Karlapudy Satish Prakash , Nancharaiah T , Subba Rao V V
Published: February 2023

Maraging steel material characteristics are greatly affected by build orientation and scanning strategies during manufacturing. This research aims to examine the effect of various build orientations and scan strategies on the ultimate strength and microhardness of 18 Ni-300 grade maraging steel. The maraging steel is made using a technology called direct metal laser sintering. Using the Analysis of Variance approach, the effects of processing factors like build orientation, scan techniques, and type of process on ultimate strength, microhardness, and roughness are optimized. The properties tend to be greater in the horizontal orientation when using the XY scan strategy as a result of thermal history variations,. The mechanical performances of maraging steel components in terms of strength values observed were lower in the vertical position compared to all other orientations. The tests are carried out using an L27 orthogonal array and a Taguchi design of experiment. Build orientation XZ, scan method XY, and Solution-aging-aging(SAAT) has the most significant influence on the final ultimate strength, microhardness, and roughness of all the input factors. A2B2C3 is the optimal combination level of control factors. Additionally, a percentage inaccuracy was identified after conducting confirmation tests on the most prominent experimental data.
Strained topological insulator spin field effect transistor
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Supriyo
Published: February 2023

The notion of a spin field effect transistor, where transistor action is realized by manipulating the spin degree of freedom of charge carriers instead of the charge degree of freedom, has captivated researchers for at least three decades. These transistors are typically implemented by modulating the spin orbit interaction in the transistor’s channel with a gate voltage, which causes gate-controlled spin precession of the current carriers, and that modulates the channel current flowing between the ferromagnetic source and drain contacts to implement transistor action. Here, we introduce a new concept for a spin field effect transistor which does not exploit spin-orbit interaction. Its channel is made of the conducting surface of a strained three dimensional topological insulator (3D-TI) thin film and the transistor function is elicited by straining the channel region with a gate voltage (using a piezoelectric under-layer) to modify the energy dispersion relation, or the Dirac velocity, of the TI surface states. This rotates the spins of the carriers in the channel and that modulates the current flowing between the ferromagnetic source and drain contacts to realize transistor action. We call it a strained-topological-insulator-spin-field-effect-transistor, or STI-SPINFET. Its conductance on/off ratio is too poor to make it useful as a switch, but it may have other uses, such as an extremely energy-efficient stand-alone single-transistor frequency multiplier.
Atomically constructing a van der Waals heterostructure of CrTe2/Bi2Te3 by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Nie Jin-Hua , Li Rui , Miao Mao-Peng , Fu Ying-Shuang , Zhang Wenhao
Published: February 2023

A 2D heterostructure with proximity coupling of magnetism and topology can provide enthralling prospects for hosting new quantum states and exotic properties that are relevant to next-generation spintronic devices. Here, we synthesize a delicate van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure of CrTe2/Bi2Te3 at the atomic scale via molecular beam epitaxy. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements are utilized to characterize the geometric and electronic properties of the CrTe2/Bi2Te3 heterostructure with a compressed vdW gap. Detailed structural analysis reveals complex interfacial structures with diversiform step heights and intriguing moiré patterns. The formation of the interface is ascribed to the embedded characteristics of CrTe2 and Bi2Te3 by sharing Te atomic layer upon interfacing, showing intercoupled features of electronic structure for CrTe2 and Bi2Te3. Our study demonstrates a possible approach to construct artificial heterostructures with different types of ordered states, which may be of use for achieving tunable interfacial Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interactions and tailoring the functional building blocks in low dimensions.
Desire and Asian Diasporic Fiction: Democracy and the Representative Status of Onoto Watanna’sMiss Numè of Japan(1899)
Authors: Yao Xine
Published: February 2023

“Onoto Watanna,” the pseudo-Japanese penname of the mixed-race Chinese Winnifred Eaton, acts as a “Bad Grandma” of the Asian North American literary tradition. Building upon Susan Koshy’s and Lisa Lowe’s accounts of the Asian American novel, I approach Watanna’s Miss Numè of Japan (1899) as the “first Asian American novel” representative of an accommodationist, rather than resistant, tendency “Asian American” representation that anticipates the aggregate and disaggregate problems and possibilities of that political formation in US liberal democracy. The novel, a tale of interracial romances set in Japan, tracks the uncomfortable tensions and convergences of desire and Asian diasporic fiction that speaks to the heteronormative bourgeois construction of anti-Black settler colonial “Asian America.” By tapping into the seduction and marriage plot traditions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century (white) domestic fiction, Miss Numè racially recodes the genre’s processes of meaning-making about freedom, coercion, and material stability onto a comparative global stage. The romances allegorize negotiations between Japan and the US as two rising global imperialist powers, asymmetries of power coded as Asiatic racialized gender. Miss Numè traces fantasies of individualist desire inextricable from the novel’s status as a compromised origin for the Asian American novel and Asian Americanist coalitional politics.With this “bad” early entry in the Asian American literary tradition, the beginnings of a cross-ethnic Asian sensibility reveals the bourgeois fantasies of diasporic desire at its very emergence, not as a postlapsarian ossification.
Serialization, Solipsism, and Swarming: American Politics and the Graphic Novel in the 1970s
Authors: Williams Paul
Published: February 2023

Richard Howell’s Glamazon’s Burden, a graphic novel initially serialized between 1977 and 1979, makes a wry allusion to midcentury literary critic Leslie Fiedler in the shape of a book that never existed: Love and Death in the Comic Novel. Prompted by this subtle aside, which implies that the comic or graphic novel might be the vessel for anxious reflection on the state of American democracy, this article explores what the development of long-form comics in the 1970s meant for the articulation of political possibilities. This was the decade when American public commentators—not least President Carter—lamented the narcissism and self-interest of fellow citizens, and many of the era’s graphic novels depict rallies, fundraisers, and election campaigns, emphasizing a political system riddled with corruption and inertia. But if some graphic novels identified a democratic deficit in the American polity, Lee Marrs’s The Further Fattening Adventures of Pudge, Girl Blimp (1973–1978) tacked in a different direction, offering a reinvigorated confidence in the ability to achieve progressive goals through political reform, a hope expressed through expansive formal strategies such as swarming panels.“I am prompted by Howell’s wry suggestion of Love and Death in the Comic Novel to explore what the development of long-form comics meant for the articulation of democratic possibilities and dread in 1970s America.”
Novels of Democratic Exhaustion
Authors: Marcus Sara
Published: February 2023

A shared effort to make the US live up to its democratic promises was a regular feature of twentieth-century US fiction. Authors often wrote of the continuation of this endeavor, even in the face of disappointment, as the responsibility of an epic “us”—a national readership that was asked to participate in the ongoing quest. Contrastingly, in many very recent US novels, the collective pursuit of democratic redemption, however uncertain, no longer makes sense as a way to organize a narrative. This essay discusses contemporary novels including Ling Ma’s Severance (2018), Brit Bennett’s The Vanishing Half (2020), Asali Solomon’s The Days of Afrekete (2021), and Vanessa Veselka’s Zazen (2011), books that depict collective attempts to recover US democracy or make it anew as irrelevant or useless, while individual efforts to keep going in the face of crisis portend no brighter future. These narratives map the terrain of our contemporary democratic crisis, a crisis to which it is difficult to envision a solution. Not merely documents of defeat, these books also sharpen our desire for a different future, and they suggest that in seeking to narrate our way out of contemporary crises, we may need to imagine possibilities beyond the bounds of US democracy.Considered together, the books discussed here … map the terrain of our contemporary democratic crisis, a crisis to which it is difficult to envision a solution.
The Plot Against Democracy
Authors: Castronovo Russ
Published: February 2023

The novel often seems sidelined in political commentaries on democracy. In contrast, this essay argues that the novel’s formal capacity for metacommentary supplies an ironic and self-reflexive perspective that can encourage transparency and other values associated with a democratic ethos. Yet while the examples invoked here—Henry Adams’s Democracy: An American Novel (1880) and Joan Didion’s Democracy: A Novel (1984)—reveal this potential, they also illustrate its limit. The essay ends by considering how that limit lies in the novel’s confrontation with the unrepresentable sublime of nuclear war.The novel may thus have no special relation to democracy, and if we acknowledge this point, then the necessity of metacommentary is only a short step away: Why are novels aligned with democracy in the first place?
Post-American Speculations
Authors: Konstantinou Lee
Published: February 2023

This article thinks about the relationship between democracy and the novel through the analysis of two recent science fiction series, Malka Older’s The Centenal Cycle (2016–2018) and Ada Palmer’s Terra Ignota (2016–2021). Both series imagine future planetary democracies in which the US is figured as a conspicuous absence. The Centenal Cycle is set in a future world of planetary “micro-democracy,” in which sovereignty devolves from nation-states to “centenals” consisting of 100,000 people. Terra Ignota, meanwhile, is set in a world dominated by “Hives,” voluntary associations united by hobbies, interests, and values. Both series try to imagine futures in which the US no longer enjoys planetary hegemony, but no other nation-state or regional hegemon has replaced it. They therefore engage in speculations not only about the future of the US but also about possible futures in which the concept of “Westphalian sovereignty” has lost its force and in which capital’s systemic cycles of accumulation, as described by Giovanni Arrighi, no longer operate. In engaging in these speculations, Older and Palmer join recent political conversations that struggle to understand what a “post-American” geopolitical order might look like. Science fiction, this essay argues, offers special formal resources for thinking through such vexed possibilities.
Impact of Emotions on Test of Variables of Attention(TOVA) Performance in a Pediatric Clinical Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Barakat Marc , Ezzeddine Reem , Mohsen Heba , Shamseddeen Wael
Published: February 2023

Background

Continuous Performance Tests, like the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), are commonly used to assess attention processes in clinical settings. Although a few previous studies have explored the effects of emotions on the outcome of such tests, the results are scarce and contradictory at times.

Objective

Through this retrospective study, we  aimed to explore the correlation between performance on the TOVA and parent-reported emotional symptoms in youth.

Methods

We used preexisting datasets of Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, and Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Rating Scale as well as preexisting results from the TOVA test from 216 patients aged between 8 and 18 years. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, as well as linear regression models, were computed to examine the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and the four indices of TOVA (response time variability, response time, commission errors, and omission errors). Additionally, we used generalized estimating equations to determine whether the reported emotional symptoms affect the TOVA outcome differently as the test progresses.

Results

Our results showed no significant effect of the reported emotional symptoms on the TOVA results even when controlling for sex or reported inattention and hyperactivity.

Conclusion

TOVA results do not seem to be affected by emotional symptoms in youth. This being said, future studies should also explore other factors that can affect the performance on the TOVA, like motor disability, sleepiness, or neurodevelopmental disorders affecting cognitive abilities.
recountmethylationenables flexible analysis of public blood DNA methylation array data
Authors: Maden Sean K , Walsh Brian , Ellrott Kyle , Hansen Kasper D , Thompson Reid F , Nellore Abhinav
Published: February 2023

Thousands of DNA methylation (DNAm) array samples from human blood are publicly available on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), but they remain underutilized for experiment planning, replication and cross-study and cross-platform analyses. To facilitate these tasks, we augmented our recountmethylation R/Bioconductor package with 12 537 uniformly processed EPIC and HM450K blood samples on GEO as well as several new features. We subsequently used our updated package in several illustrative analyses, finding (i) study ID bias adjustment increased variation explained by biological and demographic variables, (ii) most variation in autosomal DNAm was explained by genetic ancestry and CD4+ T-cell fractions and (iii) the dependence of power to detect differential methylation on sample size was similar for each of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whole blood and umbilical cord blood. Finally, we used PBMC and whole blood to perform independent validations, and we recovered 38–46% of differentially methylated probes between sexes from two previously published epigenome-wide association studies.

Availability and implementation

Source code to reproduce the main results are available on GitHub (repo: recountmethylation_flexible-blood-analysis_manuscript; url: https://github.com/metamaden/recountmethylation_flexible-blood-analysis_manuscript). All data was publicly available and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Compilations of the analyzed public data can be accessed from the website recount.bio/data (preprocessed HM450K array data: https://recount.bio/data/remethdb_h5se-gm_epic_0-0-2_1589820348/; preprocessed EPIC array data: https://recount.bio/data/remethdb_h5se-gm_epic_0-0-2_1589820348/).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
ComMap: a software to perform large-scale structure-based mapping for cross-linking mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Shan Yichu , Zhao Lili , Liang Zhen , Liu Chao , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: February 2023

Motivation

Chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (CXMS) is now a well-established method for profiling existing protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with partially known structures. It is expected to map the results of CXMS with existing structure databases to study the protein dynamic profile in the structure analysis. However, currently available structure-based analysis software suffers from the difficulty of achieving large-scale analysis. Besides, it is infeasible for structure analysis and data mining on a large scale, since of lacking global measurement of dynamic structure mapping results.

Results

ComMap (protein complex structure mapping) is a software designed to perform large-scale structure-based mapping by integrating CXMS data with existing structures. It allows complete the distance calculation of PPIs with existing structures in batch within minutes and provides scores for different PPI-structure pairs of testable hypothetical structural dynamism via a global view.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multimodal representation learning for predicting molecule–disease relations
Authors: Wen Jun , Zhang Xiang , Rush Everett , Panickan Vidul A , Li Xingyu , Cai Tianrun , Zhou Doudou , Ho Yuk-Lam , Costa Lauren , Begoli Edmon , Hong Chuan , Gaziano J Michael , Cho Kelly , Lu Junwei , Liao Katherine P , Zitnik Marinka , Cai Tianxi
Published: February 2023

Motivation

Predicting molecule–disease indications and side effects is important for drug development and pharmacovigilance. Comprehensively mining molecule–molecule, molecule–disease and disease–disease semantic dependencies can potentially improve prediction performance.

Methods

We introduce a Multi-Modal REpresentation Mapping Approach to Predicting molecular-disease relations (M2REMAP) by incorporating clinical semantics learned from electronic health records (EHR) of 12.6 million patients. Specifically, M2REMAP first learns a multimodal molecule representation that synthesizes chemical property and clinical semantic information by mapping molecule chemicals via a deep neural network onto the clinical semantic embedding space shared by drugs, diseases and other common clinical concepts. To infer molecule–disease relations, M2REMAP combines multimodal molecule representation and disease semantic embedding to jointly infer indications and side effects.

Results

We extensively evaluate M2REMAP on molecule indications, side effects and interactions. Results show that incorporating EHR embeddings improves performance significantly, for example, attaining an improvement over the baseline models by 23.6% in PRC-AUC on indications and 23.9% on side effects. Further, M2REMAP overcomes the limitation of existing methods and effectively predicts drugs for novel diseases and emerging pathogens.

Availability and implementation

The code is available at https://github.com/celehs/M2REMAP, and prediction results are provided at https://shiny.parse-health.org/drugs-diseases-dev/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Perplexing Presentations: Compulsory Neuronormativity and Cognitive Marginalisation in Social Work Practice with Autistic Mothers of Autistic Children
Authors: Benson Katy Johanna
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the experiences of autistic adults through a lens that adopts emancipatory theorisations of autism. However, despite this changing terrain, autistic people remain a highly subjugated population. Research has begun to theorise a distinctive form of epistemic injustice they encounter in which they are denied access to epistemic resources by a society that valorises cognitively normative ways of being, knowing and existing. An under-explored aspect of this emerging literature relates to the experiences of autistic mothers who are, themselves, much more likely to have autistic children. Evidence suggests that they may be at a substantially increased risk of involuntary social work interventions. This study explores the nature of these experiences, drawing on interviews with autistic mothers as well as my own, lived experiences as an autistic mother. It finds that, through a neuro-normative lens of social work scrutiny, indicators of neuro-divergency in both mothers and children are considered perplexing and assigned malign meanings by those with hermeneutic privilege. This was particularly evident in social work responses to children’s difficulties in attending school, with these difficulties located in mothers rather than in exclusionary, hostile school environments.
Dermatological adverse drug reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a narrative review
Authors: Das Anupam , Sil Abheek , Khan Ismat Ara , Bandyopadhyay Debabrata
Published: February 2023

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the signal transduction pathways of protein kinases by several modes of inhibition. Adverse effects are generally dose dependent, with certain side-effects unique to each drug. However, due to similarities in target sites, different classes of TKIs may have identical or overlapping side-effect profiles. This narrative review is an attempt to summarize the common and uncommon adverse effects of different classes of TKIs.
Extracellular distribution of galectin-10 in the esophageal mucosa of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Albinsson Sofie , Lingblom Christine , Johansson Leif , Larsson Helen , Wennerås Christine
Published: February 2023

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a T-cell-driven allergic condition hallmarked by eosinophil infiltration of the esophagus. Eosinophils exposed to proliferating T cells release galectin-10 and have T-cell suppressive function in vitro. The aims of this study were to evaluate if eosinophils co-localize with T cells and release galectin-10 in the esophagus of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Esophageal biopsies from 20 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were stained for major basic protein, galectin-10, CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD81 and analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy before and after topical corticosteroid treatment. CD4+ T-cell numbers decreased in the esophageal mucosa of responders to treatment but not in the non-responders. Suppressive (CD16+) eosinophils were present in the esophageal mucosa of patients with active disease and decreased after successful treatment. Unexpectedly, eosinophils and T cells were not in direct contact with each other. Instead, the esophageal eosinophils released large amounts of galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles and featured cytoplasmic projections that contained galectin-10, both of which disappeared from the esophagus of the responders but remained in the non-responders. To conclude, the presence of CD16+ eosinophils together with the massive release of galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles in the esophageal mucosa might indicate that eosinophils exert T-cell suppression in eosinophilic esophagitis.
Cardiac imaging in rheumatic heart disease and future developments
Authors: Seitler Samuel , Zuhair Mohamed , Shamsi Aamir , Bray Jonathan J H , Wojtaszewska Alexandra , Siddiqui Atif , Ahmad Mahmood , Fairley Jonathan , Providencia Rui , Akhtar Abid
Published: February 2023

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common cause of valvular heart disease worldwide, affecting millions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Multiple imaging modalities such as cardiac CT, cardiac MRI, and three-dimensional echocardiography may be utilized in diagnosing, screening, and managing RHD. However, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone of imaging in RHD. Criteria developed by the World Heart Foundation in 2012 sought to unify the diagnostic imaging criteria for RHD, but concerns remain regarding their complexity and reproducibility. In the intervening years, further measures have been developed to find a balance between simplicity and accuracy. Nonetheless, there remain significant unresolved problems within imaging in RHD, including the development of a practical and sensitive screening tool to identify patients with RHD. The emergence of handheld echocardiography has the potential to revolutionize RHD management in resource-poor settings, but its role as a screening or diagnostic tool is yet to be fully established. The dramatic evolution of imaging modalities over the last few decades has not addressed RHD compared to other forms of structural heart disease. In this review, we examine the current and latest developments concerning cardiac imaging and RHD.
How Is the American Foreign Policy Establishment Structured? A Multiple Correspondence Analysis of the US China Field
Authors: McCourt David M , Ruley Garrett
Published: February 2023

Challenging visions of the US national security “Establishment” as either hamstrung by ideological homogeneity bordering on groupthink, or riven by irreconcilable party political divisions, we deploy multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to uncover empirically the structure of the China segment of the US national security community. MCA—a form of geometric data analysis—finds latent structures in categorical datasets. Using an original dataset of organizations with a strong presence on China issues, we show that the China organizational field is far from homogenous, but is split less between left and right than over degree of political engagement, separating older think tanks and cultural organizations from business-focused research and consulting firms, and academic/research institutions outside from politically oriented groups located primarily within the Beltway. We explore our findings using the Trump and Obama administrations’ choice of locations to give speeches and remarks on US–China relations.
Maps to the Other: The
carte galante
Tradition and Émile Zola’s ‘Dossiers préparatoires’
Authors: Yost Matthew
Published: February 2023

The deployment of natural spaces as explicit metaphors for the female body dates, in the western tradition, to Plato’s
Timaeus
. In French literature, this femino-spatial commonplace is at least as old as the
Roman de la rose
and endures into the present. Madeleine de Scudéry’s
Clélie
(1654–60) represents a pivotal moment in this tradition by expanding the novel’s textual metaphor to include a map of the fictional nation of Tendre. The landscape shown on the ‘Carte de Tendre’ resembles an anatomical drawing, a representational feature carried forward into other examples of the
carte galante
genre. Current scholarship has observed, though not yet thoroughly investigated, the importance graphical representations such as the ‘Carte de Tendre’ held over later authors. This study will demonstrate such influence by examining Émile Zola’s
La Faute de l’abbé Mouret
(1875), where the garden, Le Paradou, figures as an explicit metaphor for the central female character’s body. The
carte galante
influence is evident when read in conjunction with the author’s hand-drawn sketches and maps included in the ‘Dossier préparatoire’. Zola’s exploration of gender-coded spaces reaches beyond his literary influences and extends toward the graphical tradition of the
carte galante
.
‘Promettez-moi de me supprimer gentiment’: War Violence and Gendered Intimacy in Two Epistolary Novels of the First World War
Authors: Ibáñez Aristondo Angélique
Published: February 2023

The article examines two novels that use epistolary writing conventions to portray the blurred lines between intimacy and violence during the First World War. The forgotten writings of Jeanne Delorme-Jules-Simon and Jeanne Landre go against the grain of wartime discourses and current historiography by linking the First World War’s destabilizing effect upon gender relations not primarily to women’s ‘emancipation’, but to the impact of violence upon men. Delorme-Jules-Simon’s narrative of nursing, caring, and suffering at the Front provides a sobering portrait of the French soldiers’ desensitization to violence. Her novel,
Âmes de guerre, âmes d’amour
, retraces in this light the links between colonial and patriarchal domination, while Landre’s
… puis il mourut
posits the trivialization of femicide as a paradoxical by-product of patriotic celebrations of romantic love. Both authors invite readers to question their epistemological and emotional relation to stories that voice the materiality of violence, especially when the latter intertwines with gender, intimacy, and national trauma.
Subtle Pathophysiological Changes in Working Memory–Related Potentials and Intrinsic Theta Power in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Cui Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaomei , Zhu Xinyi , Jiang Yang , Li Juan
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) who perform normally on objective cognitive tests may have an increased risk of pathological cognitive decline and progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia (ADRD). Working memory is widely regarded as an early sign of pathological cognitive decline. We tested the hypothesis that older adults with SCD already exhibit aberrant neurocognitive processing underlying working memory.

Research Design and Methods

Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task and an eyes-closed resting condition in cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults who were assigned to the SCD or Control group.

Results

The SCD and Control groups showed comparable performance on the neuropsychological tests and DMS task. The SCD group showed an enhanced right frontal target-related P300 effect during working memory retrieval and higher frontal theta power during rest. Higher theta power was associated with worse working memory performance and greater left frontal nontarget-related positivity across all older adults.

Discussion and Implications

Our findings suggest that older people with SCD have subtle pathophysiological changes in working memory–related potentials and intrinsic theta power, which has important implications for predicting risks and early interventions in older adults in the preclinical stage of ADRD.
Seismic dispersion, attenuation and frequency-dependent anisotropy in a fluid-saturated porous periodically layered medium
Authors: Liao Jianping , Wen Ping , Guo Junxin , Zhou Lin
Published: February 2023

The White model is generally used to quantify seismic dispersion and attenuation caused by interlayer wave-induced fluid flow. However, this model derives P-wave dispersion and attenuation only in the direction perpendicular to the layer. Thus, in this study, we derive the exact analytical solutions for full effective stiffness coefficients of a fluid-saturated layered porous medium so as to calculate the angle-dependent seismic dispersion and attenuation and frequency-dependent anisotropy. The analytical solution for fluid pressure is derived using Biot's equations of quasi-static poroelasticity. Then, the mean stress or strain is obtained through its relationship with fluid pressure, and the stress–strain value is used to derive the effective stiffness coefficients. This is followed by the calculation of the angle-dependent seismic dispersion and attenuation and frequency-dependent anisotropy. Our results show that the layered medium with alternating gas- and brine-saturated layers having the same matrix is isotropic at all frequencies. However, the layered medium with periodically distributed highly porous, thin layers shows significant frequency-dependent anisotropy. In the case of P wave, the largest magnitudes of dispersion and attenuation are observed in the direction perpendicular to the layer, while those for SV wave occur at the incident angle of around 45°. When our model is compared with the previous models, the low- and high-frequency limits of our model are found to be identical to the poroelastic Backus averaging. In addition, the widely used single relaxation function approximation is found to be a good approximation of our exact solutions. Our proposed model is easy to use and can be applied in the seismic exploration of the layered earth.
Examining difficult conversations and transitional identities through Relational Liminality Theory
Authors: Nuru Audra K
Published: February 2023

Framed by Relational Liminality Theory (RLT), the present study explores difficult conversations as sites for identity negotiation during times of relational change and challenge. Specifically, this study focuses on the liminal period between the “before” and the “after” of upheaval to understand how familial and romantic partners make sense of relational transitions. Analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews with 110 individuals who represent a broad scope of ethnic-racial backgrounds, sexual orientations, gender identities, and ages illuminates how difficult conversations simultaneously serve as both engines of sensemaking and triggering events. Results reveal three suprathemes: (a) difficult conversations as liminal relational events, (b) making sense of relational liminality, and (c) difficult conversations as sites for relational struggle and strength. Results support RLT’s heuristic value toward examining how partners live within prolonged periods of relational transition and navigate instabilities of betweenness.
Conceptualizing other-resilience: exploring how hearing parents enact resilience for themselves and their children who use cochlear implants
Authors: Scharp Kristina M , Alvarez Cimmiaron F , Barker Brittan A
Published: February 2023

After an infant hearing loss (HL) diagnosis, parents face a multitude of stressors as they try to make the best decisions for their children. For many parents with typical hearing, opting for cochlear implantation is part of the decision-making process. Findings from a sample of hearing parents who chose cochlear implantation for their children with HL reveal that they experience (a) five resilience triggers, (b) five resilience processes, and (c) multiple relationships between the triggers and processes. In this study, we also advance the communication theory of resilience to illustrate four ways parents enact resilience on behalf of their children and formalize a heuristic we call other resilience. By examining the resilience between and across the resilience triggers, parent processes, and children processes, we provide practical applications for clinicians, families, and networks.
The RING-H2 gene LdXERICO plays a negative role in dormancy release regulated by low temperature in Lilium davidii var. unicolor
Authors: Fan Xinyue , Zou Xiaoman , Fu Linlan , Yang Yue , Li Min , Wang Chunxia , Sun Hongmei
Published: February 2023

Dormancy regulation is the basis of the sustainable development of the lily industry. Therefore, basic research on lily dormancy is crucial for innovation in lily cultivation and breeding. Previous studies revealed that dormancy release largely depends on abscisic acid (ABA) degradation. However, the key genes and potential regulatory network remain unclear. We used exogenous ABA and ABA inhibitors to elucidate the effect of ABA on lily dormancy. Based on the results of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), the hub gene LdXERICO was identified in modules highly related to endogenous ABA, and a large number of coexpressed genes were identified. LdXERICO was induced by exogenous ABA and expressed at higher levels in tissues with vigorous physiological activity. Silencing LdXERICO increased the low-temperature sensitivity of bulblets and accelerated bulblet sprouting. LdXERICO rescued the ABA insensitivity of xerico mutants during seed germination in Arabidopsis, suggesting that it promotes seed dormancy and supporting overexpression studies on lily bulblets. The significant increase in ABA levels in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing LdXERICO indicated that LdXERICO played a role by promoting ABA synthesis. We generated three transgenic lines by overexpressing LdICE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and showed that, in contrast to LdXERICO, LdICE1 positively regulated dormancy release. Finally, qRT–PCR confirmed that LdXERICO was epistatic to LdICE1 for dormancy release. We propose that LdXERICO, an essential gene in dormancy regulation through the ABA-related pathway, has a complex regulatory network involving temperature signals. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of bulb dormancy release.
National lung cancer screening program feasibility study in Estonia
Authors: Kallavus Kadi , Laisaar Kaja-Triin , Rätsep Anneli , Kiudma Tarvo , Takker Urmas , Poola Anneli , Makke Vahur , Frik Marianna , Viiklepp Piret , Taur Merily , Laisaar Tanel
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES

The main aim of the lung cancer screening (LCS) feasibility study was to investigate the plausibility of and bottlenecks to systematic enrolment in family physician practices by evaluating all their patients.

METHODS

In 3 family physician practices, for each individual born in 1947–1966 (target age group 55–74 years), information on ever smoking was gathered by a family physician/nurse. All current and ex-smokers were invited to an ‘LCS visit’. In parallel, 2 inclusion criteria were used: (1) current smoker (≥20 pack-years) or ex-smoker (quit <15 years ago and smoking history ≥20 pack-years) and (2) PLCOm2012noRace risk score >1.5. All individuals with elevated lung cancer risk were assigned low-dose computed tomography.

RESULTS

Among the total 7035 individuals in the 3 family physician practices, the LCS target age group comprised 1208 individuals, including 649 (46.3–57.1%) males and 559 (42.9–53.7%) females. Of the 1208 applicable age group individuals, 395 (all current or ex-smokers) were invited to the ‘LCS visit’. According to either 1 or both the LCS inclusion criteria, 206 individuals were referred to low-dose computed tomography, and 201 (97.6% of those referred) ended up taking it. The estimated participation rate in LCS, based on data from our feasibility study, would have been 87.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

In LCS, systematic enrolment of individuals by family physicians results in high uptake, and thus, effectiveness of the LCS in the setting of a well-functioning family physician system like in Estonia. Also, the feasibility study provided excellent input to the currently ongoing regional LCS pilot study in Estonia.
On the pole placement of scalar linear delay systems with two delays
Authors: Fueyo Sébastien , Mazanti Guilherme , Boussaada Islam , Chitour Yacine , Niculescu Silviu-Iulian
Published: February 2023

This paper concerns some spectral properties of the scalar dynamical system defined by a linear delay-differential equation with two positive delays. More precisely, the existing links between the delays and the maximal multiplicity of the characteristic roots are explored, as well as the dominance of such roots compared with the spectrum localization. As a by-product of the analysis, the pole placement issue is revisited with more emphasis on the role of the delays as control parameters in defining a partial pole placement guaranteeing the closed-loop stability with an appropriate decay rate of the corresponding dynamical system.
Oka Domains in Euclidean Spaces
Authors: Forstnerič Franc , Fornæss
Wold Erlend
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we find surprisingly small Oka domains in Euclidean spaces ${\mathbb {C}}^n$ of dimension $n>1$ at the very limit of what is possible. Under a mild geometric assumption on a closed unbounded convex set $E$ in ${\mathbb {C}}^n$, we show that ${\mathbb {C}}^n\setminus E$ is an Oka domain. In particular, there are Oka domains only slightly bigger than a halfspace, the latter being neither Oka nor hyperbolic. This gives smooth families of real hypersurfaces $\Sigma _t\subset {\mathbb {C}}^n$ for $t\in {\mathbb {R}}$ dividing ${\mathbb {C}}^n$ in an unbounded hyperbolic domain and an Oka domain such that at $t=0$, $\Sigma _0$ is a hyperplane and the character of the two sides gets reversed. More generally, we show that if $E$ is a closed set in ${\mathbb {C}}^n$ for $n>1$ whose projective closure $\overline E\subset \mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^n$ avoids a hyperplane $\Lambda \subset \mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^n$ and is polynomially convex in $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^n\setminus \Lambda \cong {\mathbb {C}}^n$, then ${\mathbb {C}}^n\setminus E$ is an Oka domain.
Stable Cohomology of the Moduli Space of Trigonal Curves
Authors: Zheng Angelina
Published: February 2023

We prove that the rational cohomology $H^{i}(\mathcal {T}_{g};\mathbf {Q})$ of the moduli space of trigonal curves of genus $g$ is independent of $g$ in degree $i<\lfloor g/4\rfloor .$ This makes possible to define the stable cohomology ring as $H^{\bullet }(\mathcal {T}_{g};\mathbf {Q})$ for a sufficiently large $g.$ We also compute the stable cohomology ring, which turns out to be isomorphic to the tautological ring. This is done by studying the embedding of trigonal curves in Hirzebruch surfaces and using Gorinov–Vassiliev’s method.
Quantifying the Cost of Web Accessibility Barriers for Blind Users
Authors: Griffith Meagan , Wentz Brian , Lazar Jonathan
Published: February 2023

When a website is not accessible for users with disabilities, there is a cost imposed on that user. This study quantifies the time disparity experienced by blind users when they encounter web accessibility barriers. The resulting data illustrates a significant reason why web accessibility is imperative, by highlighting and measuring the cost of inaccessibility through the lens of the inequity that accessibility barriers place on the time of users with disabilities in both personal and business settings. This data is needed for policymakers who are creating new regulations or statutes, as well as for informing future technical standards for web accessibility.
Facilitating Implicit Emotion Regulation in Online News Commenting—An Experimental Vignette Study
Authors: Syrjämäki Aleksi H , Ilves Mirja , Kiskola Joel , Rantasila Anna , Isokoski Poika , Olsson Thomas , Surakka Veikko
Published: February 2023

An online experiment investigated the perceived effects of a user interface (UI) intervention aiming to support online news commenters' emotion regulation. By describing the comment's tone to the user, the expected effect was activation of the implicit emotion regulation process of affect labeling (i.e. naming emotions). The perceived emotion- and behavior-related effects of the labeling intervention were investigated using the experimental vignette methodology. Participants read a vignette describing the behavior of an uncivil commenter and assessed the commenter's probable responses to the labeling intervention or a control intervention shown in the UI. The results showed that, when compared to a control condition, the labeling intervention was assessed to evoke positive emotions and to result in mitigation of uncivil behavior. This suggests that UI solutions that support emotion regulation are a promising approach to reducing uncivil comments that users might afterward regret, and hence potentially improving the quality of online discussions.