bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Combining Thick Inorganic Perovskite Hole Transport Layers and Ultrathin Emitting Layers
Authors: Forzatti Michele , Chin Sang‐Hyun , Hernández‐Fenollosa M Angeles , Sessolo Michele , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J.
Published: July 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes have a huge gain in popularity over the past 25 years for display and lighting applications, but the production of low‐cost efficient devices remains a challenge. OLEDs using sub‐nanometer undoped emissive layers are a route to fabricate cost‐effective devices but, as they are inherently thin, it opens to issues with variation in thickness and shunting paths. At the same time, lead chloride perovskites are currently being investigated as charge transport materials in light‐emitting devices owing to their wide bandgap, and remarkable high carrier mobility. In this work, for the first time, OLEDs that combine vacuum‐processed thick cesium lead chloride perovskite hole transport layers with ultrathin Ir complex‐based emissive layers are reported. Defects on the perovskite film are suppressed and the thickness of the emitting layer is optimized. Semitransparent devices are also fabricated with an average visible transmittance of over 50%. The results show extraordinarily thick devices (>1 µm) with low turn‐on voltage (3.3 V), high luminance (>15 000 cd m−2) and efficiencies (up to 54.1 cd A−1), and a negligible efficiency roll‐off in the display applications luminance region.
Oxidative Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylphenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes and their Aerobic Photoconversion to 9,10‐Diaroylphenanthrenes
Authors: Sankarrao Mahanthi , Maddala Sudhakar , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan
Published: July 2024

Our study introduces a streamlined oxidative method for synthesizing 1,3‐diarylphenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes, and their subsequent oxidative cleavage to yield 9,10‐diaroylphenanthrenes. Harnessing an optimized aerobic photochemical transformation, we showcase broad substrate scope and tolerance to various photosensitive functional groups. Our mechanistic investigations unveil the pivotal role of singlet oxygen, providing intriguing insights into the reaction pathway. The synthesized 9,10‐diaroylphenanthrenes serve as versatile building blocks for nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, dibenzoannulated phthalazines, that are promising compounds with diverse functionalities. Offering mild conditions, and broad applicability, our synthetic strategy is useful for organic synthesis and chemical biology exploration.
Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α‐Ketoglutarate and NAD+ as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Linqing , Chen Zhen , He Yihan , Huang Yuhang , Qiu Cui , Zhu Chengwen , Zhou Danxia , Gan Zhenji , Gao Xia , Wan Guoqiang
Published: July 2024

Cochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α‐KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.
Biodegradable Ruthenium‐Rhenium Complexes Containing Nanoamplifiers: Triggering ROS‐Induced CO Release for Synergistic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Aijie , Huang Zhenkun , Du Xiangfu , Duvva Naresh , Du Yuting , Teng Zihao , Liao Zhihuan , Liu Chen , Tian Haining , Huo Shuaidong
Published: July 2024

The constrained effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has impeded its widespread use in clinical practice. Urgent efforts are needed to address the shortcomings faced in photodynamic therapy, such as photosensitizer toxicity, short half‐life, and limited action range of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a biodegradable copolymer nanoamplifier is reported that contains ruthenium complex (Ru‐complex) as photosensitizer (PS) and rhenium complex (Re‐complex) as carbon monoxide (CO)‐release molecule (CORM). The well‐designed nanoamplifier brings PS and CORM into close spatial proximity, significantly promotes the utilization of light‐stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cascaded amplifying CO release, thus enabling an enhanced synergistic effect of PDT and gas therapy for cancer treatment. Moreover, owing to its intrinsic photodegradable nature, the nanoamplifier exhibits good tumor accumulation and penetration ability, and excellent biocompatibility in vivo. These findings suggest that the biodegradable cascaded nanoamplifiers pave the way for a synergistic and clinically viable integration of photodynamic and gas therapy.
Revolutionary Energy Harvesting: Gravity‐Driven Piezocatalysts for Sustainable Hydrogen Production in MoS2@Mo2CTx Systems
Authors: Lin Hsun‐Yen , Wu Jyh Ming
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen (H2) is mainly produced using steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and gasification, which require external energy and special catalysts. A new catalyst by combining MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) with metal carbide/nitride nanosheets (Mo2CTx MXene) to create a nanosheet bending moment. The MoS2@Mo2CTx heterostructures achieve a production rate of 1164.8 µmol g−1 h−1 under an application of mechanical force, 4.01 and 3.06 times higher than Mo2CTx and MoS2 alone, due to enhanced charge transfer from MoS2's piezoelectricity and Mo2CTx's conductivity. This study introduces a pioneering methodology that harnesses gravitational energy as a continuous mechanical force, simulated using a peristaltic pump, to drive the piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a notable hydrogen production rate of 454.1 µmol g−1 over 24 hours and demonstrating a sustained capability for hydrogen generation. The theoretical calculation results validate the piezoelectric potential in water‐flow‐pressure triggered HER systems. The piezocatalytic HER system, assuming powered by the Hoover Dam, will produce 290.9 kmoles of hydrogen per ton daily, equivalent to utilizing 19 150 kWh of energy in the electrocatalytic system. The simulated gravity‐driven water flow using MoS2@Mo2CTx piezocatalysts for H2 generation demonstrates superior efficiency by eliminating common thermal energy conversion losses, marking a significant breakthrough in sustainable hydrogen production technologies.
Enhancing Charge Transfer in Perovskite‐Inspired Silver Iodobismuthate‐Based Solar Cells via Cesium Iodide Interlayer
Authors: Al‐Anesi Basheer , Sugathan Vipinraj , Karlsson Joshua K. G. , Tewari Amit , Nasare Roshan , Mäkinen Paavo , Manna Debjit , Mäntysalo Matti , Vivo Paola
Published: July 2024

Ag3BiI6 (ABI) is one of the most widely explored lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials for eco‐friendly solar cell applications. However, despite the intense research efforts, the photovoltaic performance of ABI‐based devices remains very modest, primarily due to poor film morphology and ineffective charge extraction. This work aims at investigating the potential benefits of a thermally evaporated cesium iodide (CsI) interlayer on the performance of ABI‐based solar cells. Upon the addition of CsI atop the ABI layer in the device stack, the solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.27%. This is the highest efficiency reported for ABI solar cells employing a similar device architecture. It is found that the enhancement in PCE is largely due to improvement in the ABI|hole transport layer interface upon the introduction of CsI interlayer. The improvement is largely ascribed to enhanced surface coverage upon introduction of CsI interlayer, as evidenced by our comprehensive microscopy studies. Furthermore, impedance spectroscopy analysis is employed to provide further insights into the changes in charge transfer dynamics interlayer that dictate the enhancement of fill factor and short‐circuit current density in the devices. The findings indicate that the addition of CsI promotes charge transfer and minimizes recombination losses.
Investigation of the pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cultivation sustainability in cages at the Ratargul Freshwater Swamp Forest of Bangladesh
Authors: Kunda Mrityunjoy , Kawsar Md. Abu , Adikari Diponkor , Rishan Sakib Tahmid , Harun‐Al‐Rashid Ahmed , Pandit Debasish
Published: July 2024

Determining the most appropriate stocking density for a specific fish species in an ambient condition is essential for successful cage aquaculture in terms of profitability which is mainly governed by growth. The current study was conducted to ascertain which stocking density gives the best result of widely cultured species in cage aquaculture, pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), at swamp forest environment of Ratargul Freshwater Swamp Forest, Bangladesh in terms of growth, production and economic return. Fish were reared for 93 days at three stocking densities, namely 30, 40 and 50 fish/m3 which were denoted as FSD30, FSD40 and FSD50, respectively, containing three replications of each. Growth and yield comparisons indicated that the stocking density of fish had significant (p < 0.05) effects on growth rate and productivity. Fish cultivated at the maximum density (FSD50) had lower mean weights than fish reared at lower densities. The significantly highest mean weights (376.58 ± 14.65 g) and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) (1.617 ± 0.035) obtained from FSD30 show the suitability of this density in terms of fish growth and profitability of pangas in swamp forest environment.
Reconfigurable liquids enabled by dynamic covalent chemistry
Authors: Li Kaijuan , Luo Yuzheng , Wen Yunhui , Shan Wenrui , Shi Shaowei
Published: July 2024

Nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) that form via the reversible non‐covalent interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and polymer ligands at the oil‐water interface have received great attention in constructing structured liquids with unique stimuli‐responsiveness. Introducing dynamic covalent interactions to generate NPSs is expected to achieve a balance between high mechanical strength and dynamic responsiveness of the interfacial assemblies. Here, we present the formation, assembly, and jamming of a new type of NPS by the co‐assembly between polydopamine NPs (PDA NPs) and poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylamidophenylboronic acid) at the oil‐water interface. Dynamic covalent boronate ester bonds form in situ at the interface and show multiple responsiveness when applying stimuli such as pH, H2O2, and temperature, allowing the controlled assembly/jamming of NPSs and reconfiguration of liquid constructs. Due to the photothermal property of PDA NPs, the temperature responsiveness of boronate ester bonds can also be triggered by irradiating the biphasic system with near‐infrared (NIR) light. Moreover, when bringing two droplets encapsulated with NPSs into contact and irradiating the contact area by NIR, thermal welding of droplets can be realized, offering a straightforward to construct droplet networks and modular liquid devices.
Proposed complementary osteological indicators: Advancing the estimation of puberty stages in Bioarcheology
Authors: Bareggi Alessia , Giuffra Valentina , Riccomi Giulia
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The study of puberty is a well‐established area of bioarcheological research, which greatly enhances our understanding of adolescence and growth in the past. Since the publications of Shapland and Lewis' works, which have become “standards” for estimating puberty in skeletal material, no additional osteological indicators of puberty have been proposed. Nevertheless, clinical practice constantly develops skeletal maturation markers that could be useful in bioarcheology. This study aims to assess the applicability and reliability of novel puberty indicators as a complementary tool to estimate puberty in skeletal remains.

Materials and Methods

Four new maturation markers including spheno‐occipital synchondrosis, humeral head ossification, calcaneal apophysis ossification, and mandibular premolar mineralization were selected and applied to a sample of 85 adolescents from pre‐Roman southern Italy (Pontecagnano, 7th–4th BCE).

Results

Despite some limits in adapting the original clinical methods to osteoarcheological material, the use of these novel skeletal indicators had moderate to excellent scoring repeatability and an overall high agreement with the puberty and menarche status previously estimated with standard methods. These results encourage us to apply these markers in bioarcheology. In some cases, minor adaptations of the original scoring systems are suggested to enhance reliability.

Discussion

Including the proposed indicators in routine puberty data collection allows us to refine puberty estimation and improve the ability to identify key growth milestones in poorly preserved skeletons. Further application to osteological collections with diverse chronology and geographical differences is needed to assess how and to what extent the newly proposed maturation markers perform.
The cumulative analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture is modulated by Adora3 in the SCDH of mice with neuropathic pain
Authors: Kiani Faisal Ayub , Li Hao , Guo Panpan , Zhang Qiulin , Abouelfetouh Mahmoud M. , Ding Mingxing , Ding Yi
Published: July 2024

Background

Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain (NPP) are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture (EA). The mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effects of repeated EA sessions, particularly concerning the regulation of the Adora3 receptor and its associated enzymes, has remained elusive.

Methods

This study used a mouse model of spared nerve injury (SNI) to explore the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA at ST36 (Zusanli) and its impact on Adora3 regulation in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). Forty‐eight male mice underwent SNI surgery for induction of neuropathic pain and were randomly assigned to the SNI, SNI + 2EA, SNI + 4EA, and SNI + 7EA groups. Spinal cord (L4–L6) was sampled for immunofluorescence, adenosine (ADO) detection and for molecular investigations following repeated EA treatment.

Results

Following spared nerve injury (SNI), there was a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) and thermal nociceptive withdrawal latency (TWL) in the ipsilateral hind paw on the third day post‐surgery, while the contralateral hind paw PWTs showed no significant changes. On subsequent EA treatments, the SNI + EA groups led to a significant increase in pain thresholds (p < 0.05). Repeated EA sessions in SNI mice upregulated Adenosine A3 (Adora3) and cluster of differentiation‐73 (CD73) expression while downregulating adenosine deaminase (ADA) and enhancing neuronal instigation in the SCDH. Colocalization analysis of Neun‐treated cells revealed increased Adora3 expression, particularly in the SNI + 7EA group.

Conclusions

In conclusion, cumulative electroacupuncture treatment reduced neuropathic pain by regulating Adora3 and CD73 expression, inhibiting ADA and most likely increasing neuronal activation in the SCDH. This study offers a promising therapeutic option for managing neuropathic pain, paving the way for further research.
Third Metal Ion Dictates the Catalytic Activity of the Two‐Metal‐Ion Pre‐Ribosomal RNA‐Processing Machinery
Authors: Borišek Jure , Aupič Jana , Magistrato Alessandra
Published: July 2024

Nucleic acid processing enzymes use a two‐Mg2+‐ion motif to promote the formation and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds. Yet, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of spatially conserved second‐shell cations surrounding the catalytic architecture of proteinaceous and RNA‐dependent enzymes. The RNase mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) complex, which cleaves the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor at the A3 cleavage site to yield mature 5′‐end of 5.8S rRNA, hosts in the catalytic core one atypically‐located Mg2+ ion, in addition to the ions forming the canonical catalytic motif. Here, we employ biased quantum classical molecular dynamics simulations of RNase MRP to discover that the third Mg2+ ion inhibits the catalytic process. Instead, its displacement in favour of a second‐shell monovalent K+ ion propels phosphodiester bond cleavage by enabling the formation of a specific hydrogen bonding network that mediates the essential proton transfer step. This study points to a direct involvement of a transient K+ ion in the catalytic cleavage of the phosphodiester bond and implicates cation trafficking as a general mechanism in nucleic acid processing enzymes and ribozymes.
In‐Situ Solid Electrolyte Interface via Dual Reaction Strategy for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode
Authors: Xu Peiwen , Xu Mi , Zhang Jie , Zou Jiabin , Shi Yue , Luo Dan , Wang Dongdong , Dou Haozhen , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2024

In situ construction of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) is an effective strategy to enhance the reversibility of zinc (Zn) anodes. However, in situ SEI to afford high reversibility under high current density conditions (≥20 mA cm−2) is highly desired yet extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a dual reaction strategy of spontaneous electrostatic reaction and electrochemical decomposition for the in situ construction of SEI, which is composed of organic‐rich upper layer and inorganic‐rich inner layer. Particularly, in situ SEI performs as “growth binder“ at small current density and “orientation regulator” at high current density, which significantly suppresses side reactions and dendrite growth. The in situ SEI affords the record‐breaking reversibility of Zn anode under practical conditions, Zn//Zn symmetric cells can stably cycle for over 1300 h and 400 h at current densities of 50 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, showcasing an exceptional cumulative capacity of 67.5 Ah cm−2. Furthermore, the practicality of this in situ SEI is verified in Zn//PANI pouch cells with high mass loading of 25.48 mg cm−2. This work provides a universal strategy to design advanced SEI for practical Zn‐ion batteries.
From Cyclopropene to Housane Derivatives Via Intramolecular Cyclopropanation
Authors: Coto Darío , Suárez‐García David , Mata Sergio , Fernández Israel , López Luis A. , Vicente Rubén
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of housane derivatives from cyclopropenes is described. Under rhodium(II) catalysis, cyclopropenylvinyl carbinols can regioselectively generate a carbene intermediate which undergoes an intramolecular cyclopropanation to form a housane, a skeleton with similar ring strain as the cyclopropene precursor. The procedure shows a remarkable broad scope and efficiency. Moreover, the method served to prepare man‐made housane‐containing terpene derivatives, which are not accessible by Nature.
Modulating Hydrogen Adsorption by Unconventional p–d Orbital Hybridization over Porous High‐Entropy Alloy Metallene for Efficient Electrosynthesis of Nylon‐6 Precursor
Authors: Sheng Youwei , Xie Jiangwei , Yang Ruidong , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Jianguo , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang , Xu You
Published: July 2024

Renewable electricity driven electrosynthesis of cyclohexanone oxime (C6H11NO) from cyclohexanone (C6H10O) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) is a promising alternative to traditional environment‐unfriendly industrial technologies for green synthesis of C6H11NO. Precisely controlling the reaction pathway of the C6H10O/NOx‐involved electrochemical reductive coupling reaction is crucial for selectively producing C6H11NO, which is yet still challenging. Herein, we report a porous high‐entropy alloy PdCuAgBiIn metallene (HEA‐PdCuAgBiInene) to boost the electrosynthesis of C6H11NO from C6H10O and nitrite, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency (47.6 %) and almost 100 % yield under ambient conditions. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations demonstrate that unconventional orbital hybridization between d‐block metals and p‐block metals could regulate the local electronic structure of active sites and induce electron localization of electron‐rich Pd sites, which tunes the active hydrogen supply, facilitates the generation and enrichment of key intermediates NH2OH* and C6H10O*, and efficiently promotes their C−N coupling to selectively produce C6H11NO.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Baphicacanthcusine A Enabled by Sequential Ring Contractions
Authors: Sinclair Paul P. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: July 2024

Reported herein is the first total synthesis of the poly‐pseudoindoxyl natural product baphicacanthcusine A. The synthesis leverages the oxidative rearrangement of indoles to pseudoindoxyls to install vicinal pseudoindoxyl heterocycles in a diastereoselective manner. Key steps include an acid‐mediated cyclization/indole transposition, two diastereoselective oxidative ring contractions, and a site‐selective C−H oxygenation. The synthesis of the oxidation precursors was guided by recognition of an element of hidden symmetry. This work provides a foundation for the chemical synthesis of other poly‐pseudoindoxyl alkaloids.
Engineering Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Media with Waveguides
Authors: Li Peihang , Yan Wendi , Wang Shuyu , Fu Pengyu , Zhang Yongjian , Li Yue
Published: July 2024

Epsilon‐Near‐Zero (ENZ) media have attracted widespread interest due to their unique electromagnetic properties, which have brought distinctive characteristics and phenomena, such as spatiotemporal decoupling, supercoupling and tunneling, constant phase transmission, near‐field enhancement, and so on. However, these ENZ characteristics are existed in natural plasmonic materials at their intrinsic plasma frequencies and accompanied by significant losses, thus limiting their applications in engineering. Different from the effect ENZ media with artificially periodic structures, the waveguide ENZ media offers a promising platform with non‐periodic architectures. Unlike the natural plasmonic materials and the periodic‐structured ENZ media, the waveguide ENZ media utilizes waveguide dispersion to achieve effective ENZ characteristics and phenomena with lower loss and smaller dimensions. This review begins with an exploration of the fundamental properties of the waveguide ENZ media and then introduces the design principles of different ENZ‐based electromagnetic devices. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and potential development directions encountered by the ENZ media in the realm of electromagnetic applications.
Depletion of lipid storage droplet‐1 delays endoreplication progression and induces cell death in Drosophila salivary gland
Authors: Nguyen Yen D. H. , Pham Tuan L. A. , Nishihara Taisei , Kamei Kaeko , Tran Duy Binh
Published: July 2024

Perilipins are evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals. Drosophila lipid storage droplet‐1 (LSD‐1) is a lipid storage droplet membrane surface‐binding protein family member and a counterpart to mammalian perilipin 1 and is known to play a role in lipolysis. However, the function of LSD‐1 during specific tissue development remains under investigation. This study demonstrated the role of LSD‐1 in salivary gland development. Knockdown of Lsd‐1 in the salivary gland was established using the GAL4/UAS system. The third‐instar larvae of knockdown flies had small salivary glands containing cells with smaller nuclei. The null mutant Drosophila also showed the same phenotype. The depletion of LSD‐1 expression induced a delay of endoreplication due to decreasing CycE expression and increasing DNA damage. Lsd‐1 genetically interacted with Myc in the third‐instar larvae. These results demonstrate that LSD‐1 is involved in cell cycle and cell death programs in the salivary gland, providing novel insight into the effects of LSD‐1 in regulating salivary gland development and the interaction between LSD‐1 and Myc.
Quinazoline‐oxindole hybrids as angiokinase inhibitors and anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Syam Yasmin M. , Abd El‐Karim Somaia S. , Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T.
Published: July 2024

Two new sets of quinazoline‐oxindole 8a–l and quinazoline‐dioxoisoindoline 10a–d hybrids were designed as type II angiokinase inhibitors and anticancer agents. The design strategy was adjusted to account for the quinazoline scaffold's placement in the target kinases' hinge region, where it would form hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the important amino acids to stabilize it, and the amide group's occupation in the gate region, which would direct the oxindole scaffold toward the hydrophobic back pocket. The two sets of quinazolines 8a–l and 10a–d displayed pronounced inhibitory activity on VEGFR‐2 (IC50 = 0.46–2.20 µM). The quinazoline‐oxindole hybrids 8d, 8f, and 8h displayed IC50 = 0.46, 0.49, and 0.49 µM, respectively. Compound 8f demonstrated potent multikinase activity with IC50 values of 0.95 and 0.67 µM against FGFR‐1 and BRAF, respectively. Additionally, compound 8f showed significant anticancer activity against National Cancer Institute's cancer cell lines, with GI50 reaching 1.21 µM. Analysis of the impact of compound 8f on the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line's cell cycle and apoptosis revealed that 8f stalled the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and promoted its necrosis.
Nickel Complexes Bearing Quinoline Derived NNS Donor Ligands as Catalytic Activators for N‐Alkylation of Anilines with Alcohols
Authors: Tanwar Deepika , Mahala Suman , Ahluwalia Deepali , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Joshi Hemant , Kumar Umesh
Published: July 2024

Herein, we have reported a new series of NNS‐donor ligands coordinated Ni(II) complexes and utilized them as catalytic activator to synthesize N‐alkylated amines and 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles. The reaction of thiophenol/4‐chlorothiophenol/4‐methylthiophenol/4‐methoxythiophenol with 2‐bromo‐N‐quinolin‐8‐yl‐acetamide in presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol at 80 °C gave [C9H6N‐NH−C(O)−CH2‐S−Ar] [Ar=C6H5 (L1); C6H4Cl‐4 (L2); C6H4Me‐4 (L3) and C6H4‐OMe‐4 (L4)], respectively. The corresponding reaction of L1‐L4 with Ni(OAc)2 in methanol at 80 °C for 3 hours resulted in octahedral nickel complexes [(L1‐H)2Ni] (C1), [(L2‐H)2Ni] (C2), [(L3‐H)2Ni] (C3), and [(L4‐H)2Ni] (C4), respectively. All compounds have been characterized by micro and spectroscopic analysis. The molecular structure of complexes C1–C3 has also been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The utility of complexes C1–C4 were evaluated for the N‐alkylation of aniline with benzyl alcohols, and for 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles synthesis. The obtained results indicate that complex C1 showed better catalytic activity in both N‐alkylation of amines with benzyl alcohols [catalyst loading: 2.0 mol %; Yield up to 92 %], and for 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles derivatives [catalyst loading: 2.0 mol %; Yield up to 94 %)]. The mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction works through hydrogen borrowing from benzyl alcohol and its subsequent utilization for in situ reduction of imine. The experimentally observed catalytic reactivity patterns of complexes C1–C4 have found in good agreement with the HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps obtained by DFT analysis of corresponding complexes.
H−/L∞UIO‐based fault detection and isolation design in finite‐frequency domain for nonlinear systems
Authors: Gao Sheng , Zhang Wei , Jin Bopi , Ma Siyuan
Published: July 2024

The issue of fault detection and isolation design in the finite‐frequency domain for discrete‐time Lipschitz nonlinear systems subjected to actuator faults and disturbances is investigated. A bank ofH−/L∞unknown input observers (UIOs) is established using the generalized observer scheme to generate residuals that are insensitive to a specific actuator fault but sensitive to the other actuator faults. Furthermore, in the finite‐frequency domain, theH−andL∞performance indices are simultaneously used to improve the fault detection sensitivity and attenuate the influence of disturbances on the residuals, respectively. The design conditions for the bank ofH−/L∞UIOs are derived from the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and converted into an optimization problem constrained by linear matrix inequalities to solve the design matrices more easily. To diagnose actuator faults, a fault detection and isolation scheme is established using the time‐varying threshold from theL∞performance analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the fault detection and isolation scheme using the bank ofH−/L∞UIOs is validated by the simulation of two examples.
Architecture of RabL2‐associated complexes at the ciliary base: A structural modeling perspective
Authors: Boegholm Niels , Petriman Narcis A. , Tanvir Niaj M. , Lorentzen Esben
Published: July 2024

Cilia are slender, micrometer‐long organelles present on the surface of eukaryotic cells. They function in signaling and locomotion and are constructed by intraflagellar transport (IFT). The assembly of IFT complexes into so‐called IFT trains to initiate ciliary entry at the base of the cilium remains a matter of debate. Here, we use structural modeling to provide an architectural framework for how RabL2 is anchored at the ciliary base via CEP19 before being handed over to IFT trains for ciliary entry. Our models suggest that the N‐terminal domain of CEP43 forms a homo‐dimer to anchor at the subdistal appendages of cilia through a direct interaction with CEP350. A long linker region separates the N‐terminal domain of CEP43 from the C‐terminal domain, which captures CEP19 above the subdistal appendages and close to the distal appendages. Furthermore, we present a structural model for how RabL2‐CEP19 associates with the IFT‐B complex, providing insight into how RabL2 is handed over from CEP19 to the IFT complex. Interestingly, RabL2 association with the IFT‐B complex appears to induce a significant conformational change in the IFT complex via a kink in the coiled‐coils of the IFT81/74 proteins, which may prime the IFT machinery for entry into cilia.
The physical basis of analog‐to‐digital signal processing in the EGFR system—Delving into the role of the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Kreplin Laura Zoe , Arumugam Senthil
Published: July 2024

Receptor tyrosine kinases exhibit ligand‐induced activity and uptake into cells via endocytosis. In the case of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), the resulting endosomes are trafficked to the perinuclear region, where dephosphorylation of receptors occurs, which are subsequently directed to degradation. Traveling endosomes bearing phosphorylated EGFRs are subjected to the activity of cytoplasmic phosphatases as well as interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The peri‐nuclear region harbors ER‐embedded phosphatases, a component of the EGFR‐bearing endosome‐ER contact site. The ER is also emerging as a central player in spatiotemporal control of endosomal motility, positioning, tubulation, and fission. Past studies strongly suggest that the physical interaction between the ER and endosomes forms a reaction “unit” for EGFR dephosphorylation. Independently, endosomes have been implicated to enable quantization of EGFR signals by modulation of the phosphorylation levels. Here, we review the distinct mechanisms by which endosomes form the logistical means for signal quantization and speculate on the role of the ER.
Silk fibroin/vitreous humor hydrogel scaffold modified by a carbodiimide crosslinker for wound healing
Authors: Rafiei Sepideh , Ghanbari‐Abdolmaleki Marjan , Zeinali Reza , Heidari‐Keshel Saeed , Rahimi Azam , Royanian Farima , Zaeifi Davood , Taheri Kiana , Pourtaghi Kimia , Khaleghi Maryam , Biazar Esmaeil
Published: July 2024

Natural‐derived biomaterials can be used as substrates for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. In this study, bovine vitreous humor as a biological material was cross‐linked to silk fibroin with different concentration ratios to design a suitable substrate for corneal tissue regeneration. The cross‐linked samples were evaluated with different analyses such as structural, physical (optical, swelling, and degradation), mechanical, and biological (viability, cell adhesion) assays. The results showed that all samples had excellent transparency, especially those with higher silk fibroin content. Increasing the ratio of vitreous humor to silk fibroin decreased mechanical strength and increased swelling and degradation, respectively. There was no significant difference in the toxicity of the samples, and with the increase in vitreous humor ratio, adhesion and cell proliferation increased. Generally, silk fibroin with vitreous humor can provide desirable characteristics as a transparent film for corneal wound healing.
Development and qualification of 3 L scale‐down model for large scale vaccine process on Vero cell culture using microcarriers
Authors: Huang Renjing , Wang Kai , Flamm Matthew H. , Vazquez Jorge , Gercke Chris , Ton Christopher , Whitmer Travis , Mathis Pamela K. , Ploeger Kristin J. M. , Rameez Shahid
Published: July 2024

Scale‐down models (SDM) are pivotal tools for process understanding and improvement to accelerate the development of vaccines from laboratory research to global commercialization. In this study, a 3 L SDM representing a 50 L scale Vero cell culture process of a live‐attenuated virus vaccine using microcarriers was developed and qualified based on the constant impeller power per volume principle. Both multivariate data analysis (MVDA) and the traditional univariate data analysis showed comparable and equivalent cell growth, metabolic activity, and product quality results across scales. Computational fluid dynamics simulation further confirmed similar hydrodynamic stress between the two scales.
A dynamic identity process approach to veg*nism: Does identity status matter among meat‐reducers?
Authors: Bagci Sabahat C. , Yilmaz Aysenur D.
Published: July 2024

The current study investigated meat‐reducers' (vegan, vegetarian, and flexitarian) dietary identities using an identity process approach. Drawing on identity development theories, we aimed to (i) classify meat‐reducers from the United Kingdom and United States (N = 375) based on their level of identity exploration and commitment, and (ii) examine the effect of dietary identity status on diet and group‐based behaviours. Findings demonstrated evidence for three identity clusters: achieved (high exploration and high commitment), foreclosed (lower exploration and higher commitment), and diffused (low exploration and low commitment) meat‐reducers. Vegans were more likely to display an achieved dietary identity, whereas the majority of flexitarians indicated a diffused identity. More importantly, identity status had significant effects on all outcome measures, with achieved meat‐reducers reporting greatest dietary strictness, greatest centrality and private regard, but lowest public regard, as well as most negative attitudes towards meat‐eaters and greatest activism. We discuss how investigating dietary identities with a ‘process framework’ may point to a more inclusive view of social identities among people who follow a plant‐based diet.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Stachys maritima via Quantum Dots and Molecular Docking
Authors: Can Aytar Erdi
Published: July 2024

Stachys maritima is a species of plant belonging to the Lamiaceae, commonly known as common sea lavender. The extraction of S. maritima involves drying the aerial parts, grinding them into powder, followed by extraction with methanol. ST‐CQDs (S. maritima carbon quantum dots) were synthesized from S. maritima extract via pyrolysis. An optimal synthesis condition of 7 hours of pyrolysis was determined to yield ST‐CQDs with high absorption in the visible‐UV range. Characterization techniques such as UV‐visible spectroscopy and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) confirmed the spherical and homogeneous nature of the carbon quantum dots. S. maritima methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with a DPPH (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) IC50 value of 0.114±0.001 mg/mL. Similarly, ST‐CQDs showed strong antioxidant properties with a DPPH IC50 value of 0.69±0.03 mg/mL. Moreover, the methanol extract of S. maritima demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, with effective MIC values of 25 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. However, ST‐CQDs did not show antimicrobial effects against the tested microorganisms (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and C. albicans ATCC 10231). Molecular docking simulations suggested that compounds derived from S. maritima (such as 9,12,15‐octadecatrienoic acid and palmitic acid) could interact effectively with TNF‐α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha), indicating potential anti‐inflammatory properties. This study highlights that the methanol extract of S. maritima possesses potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and ST‐CQDs exhibit similar antioxidant properties. However, ST‐CQDs did not demonstrate antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. Molecular docking simulations also suggest potential anti‐inflammatory properties of compounds derived from the plant.
In Vitro Selection and Characterization of a Light‐up DNA Aptamer for Thiazole Orange
Authors: La Volition , Evans Natasha M. , Hong Aiden , Tormann Alexandra , Shivers Lindsey , Dieckmann Thorsten
Published: July 2024

A new DNA aptamer that binds to the target Thiazole Orange‐biotin (TO1‐biotin) was isolated after nine rounds of in vitro selection. The selection was performed on streptavidin‐coated beads with the target bound to the surface and with free dye in solution in higher selection rounds to select for slower off‐rate binding. Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), the libraries after the 4th and 9th rounds of selection were sequenced to identify enriched sequences. Several sequence families emerged, showing superior fluorescence enhancement and high affinity for the target compared to the other families obtained by NGS analysis. These sequence families were further studied to understand the binding interactions better. Primary sequence and secondary structure analysis tools were used to identify a hypothetical three‐tiered G‐quadruplex motif for these families. This indicates that the TO1‐biotin DNA aptamer identified here uses a similar ligand‐binding topology to the original Mango RNA aptamer.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia‐associated odontogenic cerebral abscess in an immunocompetent patient: A case report
Authors: Scalia Gianluca , Ponzo Giancarlo , Giuffrida Massimiliano , Patanè Domenico , Riso Marcello Filippo , Garozzo Adriana , Chaurasia Bipin , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause rare odontogenic brain abscesses in immunocompetent patients, highlighting the importance of considering uncommon pathogens in central nervous system infections. With only three reported cases of cerebral abscesses and one pituitary abscess caused by this microorganism, tailored diagnostic methods and individualized treatment regimens are crucial for accurate management.

Brain abscesses present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections being exceptionally rare in the central nervous system. We present a case of odontogenic brain abscesses caused by S. maltophilia in an immunocompetent patient, highlighting the rarity and complexity of such infections. A 66‐year‐old male presented with spatial–temporal disorientation and left‐sided weakness. Radiological investigations revealed an expansive lesion in the right posterior frontal region. A craniotomy and drainage were performed, identifying S. maltophilia in the purulent material. The patient responded well to tailored antibiotic therapy. S. maltophilia‐related central nervous system infections are infrequent, emphasizing the need for a heightened clinical suspicion in atypical cases. This case contributes to the literature, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for successful diagnosis and management.
Polyester‐Polycarbonate Polymer Electrolytes Beyond LiFePO4: Influence of Lithium Salt and Applied Potential Range
Authors: Johansson Isabell L , Andersson Rassmus , Erkers Johan , Brandell Daniel , Mindemark Jonas
Published: July 2024

Rechargeable polymer‐based solid‐state batteries with metallic lithium anodes and LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC)‐based cathodes promise safer high‐energy‐density storage solutions than existing lithium‐ion batteries, but have shown challenging to realize. The failure mechanisms that have been suggested for these battery cells have mostly been related to the use of a metallic lithium anode and formation of dendrites during cycling. Here, we approach the issue of using solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) vs. NMC cathodes by employing a range of materials based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PCL‐PTMC) with different salts under various cycling conditions. It is seen that although the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved by exchanging the lithium salt, it does not immediately correlate to better cycling performance. However, increasing the temperature during battery cycling to improve the ion transport kinetics lowers the polarization of the battery cell and full capacity can be achieved at an upper voltage cut‐off that is appropriate for the polymer electrolyte. For these electrolytes, the limit is demonstrated to be 4.4 V vs. Li+/Li, and cycling with NMC‐111 cathodes is thereby possible provided that the upper cut‐off is limited to below this limit.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Thyroid Hormone Transporter Activity in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Giri Debasish , Govindaraj Vijayakumar , Kumar Sagar , Ungati Harinarayana , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: July 2024

Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a trans‐membrane transporter, which mediates the cellular delivery of thyroid hormones, L‐thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine (T3). In humans, the MCT8 protein is encoded by the SLC16A2 gene and mutations in the transporter cause a genetic neurological disorder known as Allan‐Herndon‐Dudley Syndrome (AHDS). MCT8 deficiency leads to impaired transport of thyroid hormones in the brain. Radiolabelled T4 and T3 or LC/MS‐MS methods have been used to monitor the thyroid hormone uptake through MCT8. Herein, we developed a fluorescent based assay to monitor the thyroid hormone uptake through MCT8. A dansyl‐based fluorescent probe having L‐thyroxine moiety is found to be highly selective towards MCT8 in living cells. The high selectivity of the probe towards MCT8 can be attributed to the halogen bond‐mediated recognition by the transporter protein. The presence of a free carboxylic acid group is essential for the specificity of the probe towards MCT8. Additionally, the selectivity of the probe for MCT8 is abolished upon esterification of the carboxylic group. Similarly, MCT8 does not recognize the probe when it contains a free amine group.
Quantitative Characterization of RCA‐Based DNA Hydrogels – Towards Rational Materials Design
Authors: Moench Svenja A. , Lemke Phillip , Weisser Julia , Stoev Iliya D. , Rabe Kersten S. , Domínguez Carmen M. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: July 2024

DNA hydrogels hold significant promise for biomedical applications and can be synthesized through enzymatic Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA). Due to the exploratory nature of this emerging field, standardized RCA protocols specifying the impact of reaction parameters are currently lacking. This study varied template sequences and reagent concentrations, evaluating RCA synthesis efficiency and hydrogel mechanical properties through quantitative PCR (qPCR) and indentation measurements, respectively. Primer concentration and stabilizing additives showed minimal impact on RCA efficiency, while changes in polymerase and nucleotide concentrations had a stronger effect. Concentration of the circular template exerted the greatest influence on RCA productivity. An exponential correlation between hydrogel viscosity and DNA amplicon concentration was observed, with nucleobase sequence significantly affecting both amplification efficiency and material properties, particularly through secondary structures. This study suggests that combining high‐throughput experimental methods with structural folding prediction offers a viable approach for systematically establishing structure‐property relationships, aiding the rational design of DNA hydrogel material systems.
A simultaneous study on desulphurization and denitrogenation using acid‐treated activated alumina: Multi‐component adsorption systems
Authors: Khan Naushad , Reddy G. K. V. Rami , Thaligari Sandeep Kumar , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Singh Raj Kumar , Rawat Anuj , Mohanty Paritosh
Published: July 2024

In this study, sulphuric acid‐treated activated alumina (AA) was used for sulphur and nitrogen removal from model fuel in a batch adsorption study. Dibenzothiophene (DBT), a sulphur compound, and quinoline, a nitrogen compound dissolved in isooctane, were taken as a model liquid fuel. Detailed characterization of the adsorbent, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis‐differential thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was performed to understand the DBT and quinoline adsorption mechanism onto AA adsorbent. Sulphur and nitrogen removal efficiencies were found to be 64% and 91%, respectively. Mono‐component adsorption isotherm was studied by using different models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich‐Peterson (R‐P) isotherms. The R‐P isotherm model well‐predicted the individual equilibrium data for both nitrogen and sulphur from the liquid fuel. Binary‐component adsorption studies were performed by mixing both DBT and quinoline in isooctane. Binary‐equilibrium data were modelled by multi‐component models such as modified Langmuir isotherm, non‐modified Langmuir, extended Langmuir, extended Freundlich isotherm, Sheindorf‐Rebuhn‐Sheintuch (SRS), non‐modified R‐P model, and modified R‐P model. The extended Freundlich (E‐F) adsorption isotherm model was found to best fit the binary equilibrium system.
Vinylogous Fluorine Stabilizing Effect Enables Rational Design of a Novel Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropane and Its Applications in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction and Ring‐Opening Polymerization†
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Dian‐Feng
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Discovery of unprecedented donor‐acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes. We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect, which guides rational design of a novel donor‐acceptor cyclopropane employing gem‐difluorovinyl group as the electron donor, namely dFVCP. Application of such dFVCPs in a [3+2] cycloaddition with aldehydes and a controlled ring‐opening polymerization by a Mg(OTf)2/DIPEA/C(sp3)‐H initiator system have been demonstrated, providing direct access to fluorine‐containing tetrahydrofurans and all‐carbon main‐chain polymers.