bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI IN DIGITAL FORENSICS
Authors: Manasi Pritam Zirpe  , Shravani Santosh Potdar  , Harshali Rohit Kadaskar
Published: September 2024

Writing a research paper on AI in digital forensics is important because it has the potential of emerging technologies in forensics.
 AI and machine learning can transform digital forensics by increasing productiveness and perfection, allowing automated analysis of vast and complex data sets, which is essential as digital evidence grows in volume and complexity. Moreover, AI integration brings new challenges, which includes algorithmic biases and the want for robust validation strategies, which require cautious exam to ensure dependable and honest forensic practices. This research can also delve into the legal and ethical implications of AI, including privacy concerns and the effect of automatic choice-making, contributing to the improvement of pointers and standards. Additionally, it serves as an educational resource, selling know-how among practitioners, researchers, and college students. By exploring the intersection of AI with digital forensics, the studies foster move-disciplinary collaboration and innovation, and helps count on future traits and instructions inside the field.
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ՈՒՂՂՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ / EXPERIENTIAL TYPES OF TRAVEL AS A MODERN DIRECTION OF THE CONCEPTUAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Matentsyan Armine
Published: September 2024

The article considers a concept of tourism, that is practically applied under the names “experiential travel” or “alternative tourism”. At a certain stage of tourism development, offers clearly different from the traditional ones began to appear in so-called “anti-tourism” formats. These are off-the-beaten-track and off-the-beaten-attraction journeys to lesser-known tourist destinations, where the most important value is the traveler’s non-standard experience. This travel format, conceptualized by Joël Henry in 1990, became the first manifestation of the now growing phenomenon of personalization of travel services. In modern foreign literature, there are a number of researchers concerned with this very concept. It can be considered that today a wide range of terms describing the variety of forms of experiential tourism have been formed, some of which are discussed in the article. Current proposals for experiential travel are summarized in the article, and more than 30 forms of experiential travel grouped into eight types have been identified. The article also formulates the main principles of experiential travel and considers some problems with their positioning in the market. The tendency of the chronological transformation of the forms of experiential travel, manifested by the transition from the notion of “alternative” to the idea of “conceptual” tourism, is discussed.
Pengaruh Media Mathematical Intelligence Stick terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Simbolik Anak Kelompok B
Authors: Novianti Lili , Miranda Dian , Amalia Annisa
Published: September 2024

Kemampuan berfikir simbolik merupakan sebuah kemampuan dalam membayangkan sebuah objek yang tidak ada dihadapannya. Media mathematical intelegence stick merupakan salah satu media yang berperan penting dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berfikir simbolik bagi anak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media mathematical intelligence stick terhadap kemampuan berfikir simbolik anak kelompok B. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif yang merupakan penelitian berupa angka-angka yang diukur menggunakan statistik.Bentuk penelitian yang dilakukan  adalah penelitian eksperimen design dengan menggunakan rancangan one group pretest-postest. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah lembar cheklist dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media mathematical intelligence stick terhadap kemampuan berfikir simbolik anak kelompok B yang dapat dilihat dari hasil pretest penelitian mendapatkan rata-rata skor 3,2. Setelah melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan media mathematical intelligence stick mendapatkan rata-rata skor 3,8. Setelah itu dilihat dari hasil uji cohen’s, yang digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh yang diberikan oleh media mathematical intelligence stick terhadap kemampuan berfikir simbolik anak diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,49 yang bearti bahwa pengaruh yang diperoleh media mathematical intelligence stick terhadap kemampuan berfikir simbolik termasuk kategori sedang.
The Effectiveness of E-Leadership in Total Quality Management in Education
Authors: Sutono  , Nurhayati Aida  , Azainil
Published: September 2024

E-Leadership or digital leadership has become a key factor in supporting the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) in academic settings. This article explores the role of digital leadership in enhancing educational quality through TQM implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with case study methods to analyze how school principals and educational leaders leverage digital technology to support TQM initiatives. The results indicate that digital leadership can enhance management effectiveness, increase student engagement, and improve learning outcomes. However, there are challenges in its implementation, including resource limitations and resistance to change. This research provides practical recommendations to overcome these challenges, including providing adequate training and support for teachers and staff, and fostering an organizational culture that supports innovation. Policymakers and educational leaders should find great value in these findings as they apply TQM and digital leadership to enhance the quality of education.
The Importance of Training on Employee Performance at PT. Anaszaen, Karawang City, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Ridwan Tho At , Hersusetiyati
Published: September 2024

In the era of globalization, companies' need for quality labor is increasing. Companies must be adaptive and improve their capabilities to compete. Human resources play an important role in achieving the company's goals. This study aims to determine the effect of training on employee performance at PT. Anaszaen Karawang, given the continued decline in annual performance.The research method used a descriptive quantitative survey with saturated sampling in 36 respondents of PT. Anaszaen. The data collection technique uses observation, interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, partial hypothesis test, determination coefficient, validity test, and reliability test using SPSS Version 23. The results of the hypothesis test showed that training had a positive and significant effect on employee performance (significance 0.000 < 0.05; t count 16.469 > t table 2.03224). The determination coefficient of 88.9% shows that training contributes 88.9% to employee performance, with 11.1% influenced by other factors that were not studied. Although the training is considered quite good, there are aspects that need to be improved, especially the trainees, training methods, and work quality.
Analysis of Consumer Behavior in Choosing Quality Imported Used Goods
Authors: Widianti Wiwin , Sikki Nurhaeni , Guterres Alexandre de Sousa
Published: September 2024

This research is entitled "Analysis of Consumer Behavior in Choosing Imported Quality Used Goods". The aim of this research is to find out how consumers behave in choosing imported quality used goods, to find out the quality of imported quality used goods and to find out how traders maintain consumers' buying interest in choosing imported quality used goods. This research uses qualitative research using a descriptive approach, by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that consumer behavior in choosing imported quality used goods is influenced by various factors, including the price of the goods being sold is relatively cheap, the quality of the goods is still good and suitable for use, there are many types of goods to choose from, and this is one of the factors in choosing used clothes at the Cimol Gedebage market. The results of this questionnaire interview show that the quality of imported used goods has good material quality, although not 100%, but in terms of suitability it is still very suitable for use. The results of this interview questionnaire are that several used goods sellers at the Cimol Gedebage market will first approach their consumers so that they feel comfortable and want to buy goods from the shop again.
Anti-Competitive Practices in Digital Markets and Legal Ways to Prevent Them
Authors: Ashfa Daniel
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to defining the features of antimonopoly regulation of digital platforms that are the main participants in digital markets. Digital platforms, occupying a dominant position due to the possession of technologies and other objects of intellectual property, are beginning to influence related product markets, including the real sector of the economy, which may create prerequisites for limiting competition. From these positions, the need to update approaches to the analysis of the state of competition in digital markets has been established, including the use of a “hypothetical decrease in the quality of a product (service) test” of a digital platform and an assessment of the “network effects” of this platform. It has been proven that maintaining “immunities” against prohibitions on abuse of dominant position for economic entities owning intellectual property, including digital platforms, leads to risks of violating the rights and legitimate interests of digital market participants. The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions for improving the Russian antimonopoly legislation in the context of the dynamic development of digital markets. Research methods: general scientific (dialectical) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal, technical-legal, etc.) methods and techniques of formal logic (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction). Brief conclusions: With the emergence of economic entities owning digital platforms as the main participants in digital markets, the analysis of the state of competition in commodity markets has become more complicated, including in order to establish the dominant position of these entities. Based on this, it is assumed that in order to establish the dominant position of an entity owning a platform in the digital market, the “test of a hypothetical decrease in the quality of a product (service)” and the assessment of the impact of “network effects” of such a platform, provided for by the “fifth antimonopoly package”, are subject to application. In order to prevent abuse of a dominant position by right holders — economic entities owning digital platforms, Part 4 of Art. 10 and Part 9 of Art. 11 of the Law on Protection of Competition. The preservation of these “antimonopoly immunities” creates high risks of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of Russian participants in digital markets by foreign corporations, as evidenced by both judicial practice and the practice of antimonopoly authorities.
Methodology of Comparative Law: From Classical Traditions to Postnonclassical Innovations
Authors: Pashentsev Dmitry
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the process of evolution of the comparative law methodology from classical approaches of using the historical and comparative method to the principles of modern postnonclassical science. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the development of the comparative law methodology at different stages in the national legal doctrine. In the course of the research, methods of synchronous and diachronic comparison were used, which made it possible to evaluate doctrinal approaches to the methodology of comparative legal research. The appeal to the historical aspects of the problem caused the use of the historical method. The method of analysis was used to study scientific papers on the comparative law methodology. As a result of the conducted research, it became possible to identify the features of the development of the comparative law methodology at different historical stages, depending on the evolution of the prevailing scientific paradigm. The process of developing the comparative historical method into a full-fledged scientific direction within the framework of legal science is shown. It is concluded that in the conditions of postnonclassical scientific rationality, comparative law becomes interdisciplinary, it is characterized by an emphasis on the anthropological component of legal reality and the analysis of non-legal factors affecting the legal behavior of legal subjects in different legal cultures.
Strategic Constitutionalism and Constitutional Communication: Theoretical and Methodological, Legal and Informational Aspects
Authors: Kravets Igor A.
Published: September 2024

The article was p repared on the basis of the author's report at the scientific and methodological seminar of the school of Russian constitutionalism “Theory and Philosophy of Constitutionalism: Modern trends” (in memory of Academician O. E. Kutafin) (Kutafin Moscow State Law University, June 26, 2023). It examines communicative and strategic constitutionalism as theoretical models and constitutional-legal categories in modern multidimensional jurisprudence; scientific approaches to understanding popular and deliberative constitutionalism, the role of the principle of popular sovereignty and collective wisdom in modern constitutional law and in the era of digital democracy and information society; conceptual, constitutional and international legal aspects of the formation of a comprehensive institute of people's deliberative constitutionalism, the relationship between democracy and constitutionalism in the early 21st century, when various forms of participation are widely used citizens and the institution of the public in constitutional changes. The philosophical and legal foundations of the relationship between constitutionalism and democracy are critically evaluated from the standpoint of the policy of involvement and participation in constitutional changes; the problem of the geopolitical and international spread of various models of constitutionalism is revealed. The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance and prospects for the development of an inclusive constitutional paradigm through the doctrines and practice of strategic and communicative constitutionalism. The participation of citizens, civil society institutions, professional and expert opinion is considered as an inclusive, humanistic and social basis in the structure of communicative constitutionalism and in the procedure of constitutional amendments. The discursive approach and critical rationalism in legal research, methods of historical dialectics, constitutional hermeneutics and legal engineering are used, which allow us to reveal the legal and geopolitical nature of strategic constitutionalism, forms of citizen participation in communicative constitutionalism in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. Conclusions: the doctrine of communicative and strategic constitutionalism creates an intellectual and normative-ethical basis for updating the constitutional policy of the state in the public political and legal spheres, expands the forms and methods of interaction between citizens and public authorities in the implementation of constituent power, deliberative and imperative procedures of constitutional changes.
“Electronic Evidence” in Criminal Proceedings: On the Expediency of Legal Regulation
Authors: Nikuradze Natalia O.
Published: September 2024

In the context of global digitalization, criminal proceedings cannot remain unchanged due
to their dependence on changes in the socio-economic formation of society. One of the controversial
issues in criminal procedure science today is the use of so-called electronic evidence in proving
criminal cases, their legal regulation, trends and prospects for the development of electronic production
procedures. The purpose of the research is to study the theoretical foundations of electronic evidence, revealing
their concept and characteristic features, to study the expediency and prospects of legal regulation
of such evidence in Russian criminal procedure legislation. The achievement of this goal is ensured
through a theoretical analysis of scientific views, application practices, as well as foreign experience
in criminal procedural evidence using evidence in electronic form. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of cognition, which made it possible
to objectively and comprehensively consider problematic issues of the use of evidence in electronic
form in criminal proceedings, the concept of “electronic evidence” in connection with domestic and
foreign law enforcement. Through a theoretical and legal analysis, the characteristic features of the
evidence under study and the problems of legal regulation have been identified, as well as the definition
of electronic evidence has been formed. The formal legal method was used to develop proposals for
improving the current criminal procedure legislation. Conclusion. The analysis of theoretical approaches in the science of criminal procedure to the
definition of the concept of “electronic evidence” allowed us to identify its characteristic features and
formulate the author's definition of this concept on their basis. The necessity of legal regulation of
electronic evidence caused by the practice of law enforcement and trends in the development of public
relations is justified by supplementing Part 2 of Article 74 of the Russian Code of Criminal Procedure
with paragraph 41 of the following content: “electronic evidence” and Article 5 of the Russian Code of
Criminal Procedure with a norm-definition that enshrines the concept of “electronic evidence”. The main
directions of the legal regulation of the procedural procedure for the use of “electronic evidence”, the
legal consolidation of the concept in order to ensure uniformity of interpretation of this legal category by
supplementing the criminal procedure law with a separate article of the relevant content are outlined.
Problems of Protection of Lake Ohrid and Lake Baikal as World Natural Heritage Properties: A Comparative Legal Study
Authors: Kolobov Roman
Published: September 2024

The article is constructed by grouping conservation problems common to various World Heritage properties, including Lake Ohrid and Lake Baikal. The paper covers the issues of determining the boundaries of World Heritage properties, the practice of organizing the management of these properties; international and national normative regulation of water bodies protection and its prospects; complex issues of organizing measures for the protection of the properties. The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative legal study of such World Heritage properties as Lake Ohrid and Lake Baikal. To achieve the goal the following tasks were set: study of the activities of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in relation to the considered properties, study of the national legislation of the Russian Federation, North Macedonia and Albania, study of the general problematic issues of protection of the World Heritage properties, in particular, the issues of territorial planning and real estate construction, development of proposals to optimize the activities for the protection of Lake Baikal.Comparative legal, logical, system-structural, formal-legal and other research methods are used in the work. The conducted research shows both the commonality of problems in the protection of the lake systems under consideration, as well as significant differences due, among other things, to the spatial dimensions of reservoirs. The author formulated proposals aimed at improving the conservation of the World Heritage site of Lake Baikal. At the same time, attention is focused on the spiritual significance of Lake Baikal for residents of the Baikal region and all Russians, in connection with which it seems appropriate to recognize Lake Baikal as an object of cultural heritage.
MONITORING OF THE FOREIGN COUNTRIES LEGISLATION
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2024

The list of the new and amended legislative acts of Canada, Croatia, Czechia, Great Britain, Ireland, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, France is presented.
O PODER DAS HISTÓRIAS
Authors: Basile Grazia , Garzia Mario , Gola Elisabetta , Graciano Daniel Perico , Santos Cássia Dos
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos narrativos da vida e da comunicação humana. De fato, o modelo narrativo é o nosso principal sistema para modelar a experiência: desde a infância mais precoce, os humanos tendem naturalmente a pensar em termos de histórias ao construir e interpretar a realidade, na forma de cenas que constituem a base para a construção de dinâmicas comunicativas, sociais e produtivas. A narrativa, portanto, revela-se uma ferramenta operacional fisiológica e extremamente eficaz, tanto do ponto de vista comunicativo quanto – se considerarmos as dinâmicas econômicas e produtivas da nossa sociedade – do ponto de vista da gestão estratégica de uma empresa.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING METHOD IN OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University, Moscow, Russia, ARTEMYEV Viktor , MOKROVA Natalia ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University, Moscow, Russia, HAJIYEV Anar ,   Department of Machine design and industrial technologies, Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: September 2024

The article examines the dynamic programming method based on the principle of optimality, analyzes the theoretical aspects of the method, as well as its use for analyzing a wide range of systems whose behavior in the future can be fully or statistically predicted based on their current state. The research results suggest that dynamic programming is used to solve a variety of tasks, including, but not limited to, the development of algorithms in the fields of machine learning, automated management and the definition of a management strategy for production systems. The paper presents aspects of the application of the dynamic programming method to solve practical problems of optimal process control, demonstrating its effectiveness and versatility in conditions of real operational constraints.
Reducing Risks and Enhancing Security and Privacy in IoT-based Health Monitoring Application using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Batumalai Chitra , Batumalay Malathy , Yin Hang Chelsey Chang
Published: September 2024

Due to the pandemic Covid-19, human’s health has become one of the most important things to pay more attention to in our daily life. Pandemic Covid-19 could be controlled by social distancing. Therefore, if the condition is allowed, humans are encouraged to not have any physical touching between each other. The Internet of Things (IoT) based Health Monitoring Application is proposed for the medical staff to monitor their patients through their mobile devices. The proposed system allows patients to update their daily health condition to the system and medical staffs are able to monitor their patients through the system by their mobile devices. The proposed system is more feasible than most of the existing system because it is an application that can be accessed from their mobile devices rather than only browsing the website using the laptop or computers. Since patients can update their own health condition to the system, they are not required to go to the hospital for a medical check-up. They are required to go for a medical check-up only if or when doctors find abnormal symptoms in patients’ recorded health. Besides, personal health conditions are considered as confidential information. Therefore, the author would analyze the security risks and the risks of the backend system of the proposed solution. Furthermore, the author would also enhance the security and privacy of the proposed system by implementing Blockchain Technology.
Combined Body Weight, Abdominal Strengthening and Breathing Exercise for Post COVID LSCS Women
Authors: Indrani Dasarapu , Alagesan Jagatheesan , Suganthirababu Prathap , NagaRaju Dubba , Purushothaman Vinosh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: The Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) family and some strains of the common cold are related by the SARS-coV-2 virus, a novel virus. For mothers who underwent a post-lower segment Caesarean section, post-COVID disorders like fatigue, dyspnea, arthromyalgia, depression and insomnia have severe repercussions, and caring for their newborn would be difficult. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of combined body weight, abdominal strengthening and breathing exercise for Post COVID Lower Segment Caesarean Section Women. Methods: A double-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted on 30 subjects who underwent post Lower Segment Caesarean Section. Subjects were divided into 2 groups with 15 subjects in each group. Group-A received breathing exercises, abdominal draw-in maneuver, upper limb and lower limb strengthening exercises. Group-B was treated with straight plank, elbow plank, hip twist, crunch kicks, hollow body hold, combined with abdominal draw-in manoeuvre and breathing exercise. Results: Statistical analyses of post-test values of ultrasonography, dynamometer, and sit-up tests revealed that patients who received combined body weight, abdominal strengthening, and breathing exercises in Group B showed significant improvement as compared to post-COVID LSCS women who received only breathing exercises, abdominal draw-in maneuver, and upper and lower limb strengthening exercises in Group A. Conclusion: The study concluded that the combined body weight, abdominal strengthening and breathing exercise was effective in treating for Post COVID Lower Segment Caesarean Section women.
Causes and Solutions of Construction Crane Accidents in Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Sio Kah Kong , Ze Fung Ku
Published: September 2024

Construction industries play a significant role in contributing to the economic growth of a country. It provides job opportunities to all parties involved in the construction and operation of the building. However, it has one of the highest fatalities and injuries rate among the main economic sectors in Malaysia. This is because all processes in a construction project is extremely hazardous especially projects involving construction cranes. The aim of this study is to determine the causes and solutions of crane accidents in construction industry. The results gathered from the questionnaire shows that the main causes of crane accidents are safety management failure and in-depth training for operators and signalman is the solution for it.
Practitioner Perspectives on Telehealth and In-Person Services for U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Cugini Jonathan
Published: September 2024

This study examines the relative effectiveness of telehealth compared to conventional in-person therapy among U.S. military veterans aged 35-45 who suffer from severe mental health issues. The recent substantial increase in the use of telehealth services occurred when providers for veterans needed to reassess and refine methods of delivering mental healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a qualitative approach and phenomenological research design to gather and analyze the insights of mental health clinicians who serve this veteran demographic, focusing on the Detroit, Michigan area. Interviews with ten clinicians revealed detailed perspectives on the benefits and limitations of telehealth and traditional therapy. The research identified four key themes through thematic analysis, including accessibility, engagement, flexibility and adaptability, and the nature of therapeutic relationships. Results indicate that telehealth significantly improves access to care and offers a less intimidating environment for veterans, potentially better accommodating those with anxiety disorders. However, the data also underscores the irreplaceable value of face-to-face therapy in building strong therapeutic relationships. The findings support a blended approach that integrates the advantages of both telehealth and traditional therapy to meet the diverse needs of veterans. This study contributes to the broader discourse on enhancing mental health services through innovative practices, emphasizing the need for a flexible, veteran-centric care model that effectively integrates technological advancements with established therapeutic modalities.
Impact of the Comprehensive Teacher Performance Evaluation on Teacher Training in Ecuador
Authors: Vásquez Mgs. Rosa Ildaura Troya , Orbe Mgs. Gerardo Alfonso Sanmartin , Peña Dr. Edilberto Calle
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive teacher performance evaluation is considered a significant factor in students' academic performance. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the existing literature from 2019 to 2024 on the impact of comprehensive teacher performance evaluation on teacher education in Ecuador in order to understand this phenomenon in depth. Methodology: the present systematic literature review has a qualitative approach that took as a basis for the selection of the 12 studies in Spanish and English various criteria from keywords and Boolean operators of thesauri, obtained from databases such as Google academic, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Proquest, Erih Plus, DOAJ (Directorio De Revistas De Acceso Abierto), Latindex, the library and other databases of the Universidad César Vallejo, published between 2019 and 2024. Results: the comprehensive evaluation of teaching performance can contribute significantly to the development of teachers' professional competencies, encouraging reflection on practice, pedagogical innovation and commitment to continuous improvement. In addition, it was determined that there is a diversity of evaluation models implemented in Ecuadorian educational institutions according to the study of the 12 articles published in Spanish and English between the years 2019 - 2024.  Conclusion: although the studies analyzed show a consensus on the importance of comprehensive teacher performance evaluation in Ecuador as a tool to improve the quality of education, the results obtained are varied and depend on multiple factors.
The Model of Philologist’s Linguistic Persona Formation Via Communicative Competences Development at Language Classes
Authors: Kylyshpayeva Sarbinaz , Akizhanova Diana , Satenova Serikkul , Muratova Gulnar , Хanova Didara
Published: September 2024

The article reviews the problems of linguistic persona formation via communicative competences development at language lessons. The scope of external scientific developments in language education is not so extended and well-developed, therefore require clarification and generalization. To prove the process of the linguistic persona formation it is required to pedagogically forecast and to model, to reveal qualitative and quantitative indexes of researching-experimental works – statistic methods of qualitative and quantitative data processes. The pedagogical experiment involved participation of one group of student philologists.  At the verifying stage the questionnaire survey was conducted, at the formatting stage the learning process was realized conventionally, it was conducted within the control group, but within the experimental group- on the bases of the designed model. The results obtained represent that the given model usage in the learning process forms not only theoretical knowledge of linguistic and communicative competences, but also practical abilities of their usage, simplifies communication processes, that support to develop linguistic personality.
Glass Escalator Effect in Physical Therapy: Exploring Gender Disparities and Career Advancement
Authors: Ahad Hasan  , Zaki Hasan  , Fouzia Hussain  , Maria Parvez  , Muhammad Usman  , Tabassum Zubair
Published: September 2024

Background: The field of physical therapy, traditionally dominated by women, is experiencing a shift towards greater gender diversity. However, gender disparities in career advancement, workplace equality, and perceptions of sexism persist. This study explores these dynamics among physical therapists in Karachi, Pakistan, assessing the presence of the glass escalator effect where men are perceived to advance faster in female-dominated professions.Objective: To investigate gender disparities in career advancement, workplace gender equality, and ambivalent sexism attitudes among physical therapists in Karachi, and to assess whether the glass escalator effect influences these dynamics.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from September to December 2023 across various hospitals and universities specializing in physical therapy in Karachi, Pakistan. The sample included 462 male and female physical therapists, aged 22-55 years, with at least two years of professional experience. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires comprising the Career Advancement and Associated Factors (CAAF), Workplace Gender Equality and Organizational Culture Perception (WGEOCP), and Ambivalent Sexism Attitude Perception (ASAP) scales. A pilot study validated the questionnaires with validity scores of 0.6, 0.65, and 0.68, respectively. Ethical approval was obtained in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and independent t-tests to compare perceptions between genders, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The study included 462 participants (50.6% male, 49.4% female). Females scored higher on the CAAF scale (mean = 3.3053) compared to males (mean = 3.1265), showing a significant difference (t = -9.826, p = 0.000). Males scored higher on the WGEOCP scale (mean = 3.0736) versus females (mean = 3.0172) with a significant difference (t = 4.969, p = 0.000). On the ASAP scale, males also reported higher scores (mean = 3.0689) compared to females (mean = 2.8993), indicating significant differences (t = 8.422, p = 0.000). These results highlight a nuanced view of gender disparities, where female physical therapists perceive greater career advancement opportunities, but males experience higher levels of ambivalent sexism.Conclusion: The study did not find evidence of the glass escalator effect favoring men in physical therapy in Karachi. Instead, it identified significant gender differences in perceptions of career advancement and ambivalent sexism, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to promote gender equity within the profession. Addressing these disparities through policy reforms and continued research is essential for fostering an inclusive work environment for all physical therapists.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Public Transport Users of Lahore
Authors: Salbia Nadeem  , Aneeqa Aqdas  , Uzma Irshad  , Jawad Ahmed  , Fatima Mazhar  , Rimsha Tariq  , Erum Ghaffar  , Samiullah  , Muhammad Zain  , Muhammad Umar
Published: September 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect muscles, bones, and joints, leading to pain and disability. Public transport users are often exposed to risk factors such as prolonged sitting, repetitive stress, and poor ergonomics, increasing the likelihood of MSDs.Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among public transport users in Lahore.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 212 participants aged 18-50 years, recruited through non-probability convenience sampling from various bus stops and rickshaw stands in Lahore. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained, and all participants provided informed consent.Results: The mean age of participants was 24.33 years (SD = 6.65), with 48.1% males and 51.9% females. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was highest in the neck (54.2%), upper back (57.1%), and ankles/feet (59.0%). Severity scores indicated that 26.37% had low, 70.23% moderate, and 3.29% high severity of symptoms.Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among public transport users in Lahore is moderate, with significant impacts on the neck, upper back, and lower limbs. Ergonomic interventions are recommended to reduce these risks.
Professional Autonomy Among Nurses and Its Effect on Quality of Care Among Patients Transferred from Intensive Care Unit to General Unit
Authors: Muhammad Saeed  , Madiha Mukhtar  , Muhammad Afzal
Published: September 2024

Background: Professional autonomy is crucial for nurses, enabling them to make independent decisions and enhance patient care quality. Its impact on patient satisfaction, particularly in ICU settings, is significant but underexplored in Balochistan, Pakistan.Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of professional autonomy among ICU nurses and its association with patient satisfaction regarding nursing care quality.Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted among 274 ICU nurses and 304 patients in tertiary care hospitals across Balochistan. Data were collected using the Dempster Practice Behaviors Scale and the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation to examine associations and correlations.Results: Most nurses (78.8%) exhibited moderate professional autonomy, with significant associations with gender (p=0.006), education (p=0.008), and experience (p=0.002). Patient satisfaction was low in 51.8% of cases, with a strong correlation between professional autonomy and patient satisfaction (r=0.823, p<0.001).Conclusion: The study highlighted the need to enhance nurse autonomy to improve patient satisfaction. Empowering nurses could lead to better patient outcomes in ICU settings.
Knowledge and Practice of Infection Control among Nurses at Liaquat Institute of Medical & Health Sciences Hospital, Thatta
Authors: Zohra Khowaja  , Husan Bano Channar  , Shaneela Khowaja  , Sheerin Channa  , Zafarullah Junejo
Published: September 2024

Background: Infection control in hospitals is crucial for patient and healthcare worker safety, reducing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Nurses play a pivotal role in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of infection control among nurses at Liaquat Institute of Medical & Health Sciences Hospital, Thatta.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 30 nurses from various departments using a non-randomized convenience sampling method. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire, covering sociodemographic data and infection control knowledge and practices. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages.Results: Among the nurses, 66.7% were female, 53.3% were married, and 43.3% held a diploma. While 83.3% had access to infection control guidelines, 93.3% lacked periodic training. Only 63.3% practiced consistent hand hygiene, and 76.7% used PPE during invasive procedures. Misconceptions were prevalent, with 66.7% believing clean water destroys microorganisms.Conclusion: The study identified significant gaps in infection control knowledge and practices among nurses, highlighting the need for regular training and stricter adherence to protocols.
Prevalence of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction and Its Association with Low Back Pain Among Private Sector Female School Teachers
Authors: Bashir Amna , Sanaullah Muhammad , Malik Basit Hussain
Published: September 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common issue among school teachers due to prolonged standing and repetitive movements. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) is considered a potential contributor to LBP, but its role remains unclear.Objective: To determine the prevalence of SIJD and its association with LBP among female school teachers in the private sector.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 115 female school teachers aged 22-50 years from private schools in Lahore. Participants completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and underwent five standardized provocative tests for SIJD: Distraction, Thigh Thrust, FABER, Compression, and Gaenslen’s tests. SIJD was defined as a positive result in at least three of these tests. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression in SPSS 25.Results: The prevalence of SIJD was 16.5% (n=19). LBP was reported by 38.3% (n=44) in the last 12 months and 47.8% (n=55) in the last 7 days. No significant association was found between SIJD and LBP (p=0.158 for 12 months; p=0.143 for 7 days).Conclusion: While SIJD was present in a subset of teachers, it was not significantly associated with LBP, suggesting other factors may contribute more to LBP.
The Impact of Preoperative Statin Therapy on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Mubariz Ali  , Alina Atiq  , Ahsan Imran  , Okasha Tahir  , Danyal Farooq  , Arsalan Sharif  , Shamaila Basheer  , Hamzah Alghzawi
Published: September 2024

Background: Major abdominal surgeries are associated with a high risk of postoperative complications, impacting patient recovery and healthcare costs. Statins, known for their lipid-lowering properties, also possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may improve surgical outcomes. However, the impact of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative outcomes remains unclear.Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative complications, including infection rates, cardiovascular events, thromboembolic incidents, hospital stay duration, and mortality in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted for studies published from 2010 to 2023. The review included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies involving adult patients receiving preoperative statin therapy. Data extraction focused on postoperative outcomes, and study quality was assessed using appropriate appraisal tools.Results: A total of 45 studies with 36,750 patients were included. Preoperative statin therapy significantly reduced postoperative infections (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68-0.83), cardiovascular events (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.92), thromboembolic incidents (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97), and hospital stay by 1.7 days (95% CI: -2.3 to -1.2). No significant effect on mortality was observed (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.03).Conclusion: Preoperative statin therapy may reduce complications and hospital stay in major abdominal surgery, supporting its inclusion in preoperative care, particularly for high-risk patients.
Myofascial Release and Core Stability Exercises Among Chronic Lower Back Pain Patients
Authors: Prem Lata  , Noman Ahmed  , Muneeba Aziz  , Saifullah Khan Durrani  , Ghulam Fatima  , Ahmed Shahid Alam
Published: September 2024

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition affecting individuals' quality of life, often managed through various physical therapy techniques. Myofascial release (MFR) and core stability exercises (CSE) are commonly used interventions aimed at reducing pain and improving functionality.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of MFR and CSE in reducing pain, improving disability levels, and enhancing core stability among female patients with CLBP.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Memon Medical Institute Hospital, Karachi, enrolling 50 female patients aged 25-35 years with CLBP for over three months. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received MFR with TENS, and Group B received CSE with TENS. Both groups underwent treatment thrice weekly for six weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), lower body flexibility tests, and core endurance assessments. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with SPSS version 25.Results: Group A showed significant reductions in VAS (5.68 ± 1.28 to 3.36 ± 1.03, p < 0.001) and ODI (56.40 ± 11.27 to 42.52 ± 13.19, p = 0.001). Group B showed similar reductions in VAS (6.16 ± 1.17 to 3.72 ± 1.30, p < 0.001) and ODI (61.40 ± 8.89 to 44.44 ± 12.50, p < 0.001). Core endurance improved significantly in both groups.Conclusion: Both MFR and CSE effectively reduced pain and disability, with notable improvements in core stability among patients with CLBP.
A Study on the Governance of Hazardous Materials Transportation Platforms in a Data-driven Context — Building on the Success of Full Truck Alliance
Authors: Kong Xinyue
Published: September 2024

The hazardous chemical transportation industry is witnessing unprecedented changes, especially with the rapid development of digital technology driven by big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies. In this context, there is an urgent need for the industry to establish an efficient, safe and reliable platform for the transportation of hazardous chemicals. Taking the hazardous chemical transportation platform as the research object, this study explores how hazardous chemical transportation can achieve safety and efficiency improvement in a data-driven context through platform governance. By analyzing the operation mode of existing dangerous goods transportation platforms and combining the latest data governance technologies, a set of systematic governance strategies is proposed to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the digital transformation of related enterprises.
Aerodynamic Optimization and CFD Simulation of Flying Cars
Authors: Wang Yipan
Published: September 2024

With the acceleration of global urbanization, the number of motor vehicles is increasing rapidly, and while this growth has improved people's mobility, it has also brought serious air pollution problems. In this study, we discuss the three main methods of aerodynamics research: experimental simulation, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, and study the aerodynamic characteristics of the support and propulsion system of the flying car through CFD simulation.
Keabsahan Smart Contract Dengan Teknologi Blockchain Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
Authors: Korintus Wilson Horas Hutapea  , Adi Sulistiyono
Published: September 2024

This article aims to find out the validity of the Civil Code smart contact.  It is hoped that the results of this research can be used by parties, especially people who have started carrying out transaction and contract activities using blockchain technology in the form of smart contracts.  This research method uses normative law, the use of legal materials includes primary and secondary legal materials, through data collection techniques in the form of literature studies.  A conceptual approach and a statutory approach were used in this research.  The data analysis technique used is a deductive data analysis technique using the syllogism method.  The validity of an agreement is assessed based on an understanding of article 1313 and the main elements of the validity of an agreement based on article 1320 along with the principle of freedom of contract in article 1338 of the Civil Code.  It is necessary to understand that smart contracts are required to fulfill the terms of the agreement in their implementation
Hambatan Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Praktik Tukang Gigi Tanpa Izin di Kabupaten Batang
Authors: Hasna Azahrani Maulidina  , Sulistyanta Sulistyanta
Published: September 2024

This legal writing aims to examine the obstacles to law enforcement against dentists who practice without a license in Batang Regency, Central Java. This research uses empirical legal research methods or non doctrinal research. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the obstacles found are the absence of regional regulations governing the licensing of dental practices.