bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety of epidural steroids: a review
Authors: Lee Min Soo , Moon Ho Sik
Published: January 2021

Spine disease is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, especially in an aging society. An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a highly effective treatment that can be used to bridge the gap between physical therapy and surgery. Recently, it has been increasingly used clinically. The purpose of this article is to review the complications of corticosteroids administered epidurally. Common complications include: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, adrenal insufficiency, iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and immunological or infectious diseases. Other less common complications include psychiatric problems and ocular ailments. However, the incidence of complications related to epidural steroids is not high, and most of them are not serious. The use of nonparticulate steroids is recommended to minimize the complications associated with epidural steroids. The appropriate interval and dosage of ESI are disputed. We recommend that the selection of appropriate ESI protocol should be based on the suppression of HPA axis, which reflects the systemic absorption of the corticosteroid.
Kajian Risiko Pajanan Sinar Gama dan Radon pada Pekerja di Area Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Remaja, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Noor Tajudin , Tejamaya Mila , Saputra Miki Arian , Purwanti Tri
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Kajian risiko pajanan radiasi gama dan gas radon dilakukan di area terowongan eksplorasi uranium dalam upaya melindungi pekerja dari bahaya radiasi pengion di tempat kerja. Pengukuran pajanan sinar gama dan konsentrasi gas radon dilakukan di dalam terowongan eksplorasi uranium Remaja dan sekitar kamp pekerja di daerah Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Pajanan sinar gama diukur menggunakan surveimeter gama, sementara pajanan radon (222Rn/220Rn) menggunakan detektor pasif RADUET. Konsentrasi gas radon dan toron di dalam terowongan secara umum cukup tinggi, berkisar antara 188,84 hingga 495,86 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 375,80 Bq/m3) sementara toron berkisar antara 58,07 hingga 340,73 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 189,80 Bq/m3). Nilai tersebut berada di atas reference level radon (300 Bq/m3) yang disaranakan oleh International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Dosis efektif tahunan sinar gama mencapai nilai 147,88 mSv di dalam terowongan eksplorasi. Nilai tersebut berada di atas nilai batas dosis untuk pekerja, yaitu 20 mSv. Pengendalian pajanan sangat penting dilakukan dengan memenuhi prinsip “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) dan proteksi radiasi eksterna untuk melindungi pekerja di dalam terowongan dari masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pajanan dari sinar gama, radon, dan toron.ABSTRACT A risk assessment of gamma radiation and radon gas exposure is carried out in the uranium exploration tunnel area to protect workers from the ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Measurement of gamma-ray exposure and radon gas concentrations were carried out in Remaja uranium exploration tunnel and around the workers camp in Kalan Area, West Kalimantan. Gamma exposure was measured using a gamma survey meter while radon (222Rn/220Rn) using RADUET passive detector. The concentrations of radon and thoron gas inside the tunnel generally are high, ranging from 188.84 to 495.86 Bq/m3 (375.80 Bq/m3 average) and 58.07 to 340.73 Bq/m3 (189.80 Bq/m3 average) respectively. These values are above the radon reference level (300 Bq/m3)which is recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). The annual gamma effective dose reaches 147.88mSv inside the tunnel. This value is exceeding the 20 mSv dose limit value for workers. It is necessary to control the exposure by fulfilled the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) and external radiation protection to secure workers inside the tunnel from a health issue caused by gamma-ray, radon, and thoron exposures.
Indikasi Mineralisasi Tipe Porfiri di Daerah Sumbersari, Kompleks Pengunungan Kulon Progo, Purworejo, Indonesia
Authors: Verdiansyah Okki , Muharif Damas , Sukadana I Gde
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Pegunungan Kulon Progo merupakan produk magmatisme Busur Sunda-Banda tersusun atas formasi andesit tua. Daerah Sumbersari merupakan bagian dari gunung api Gajah, batuan gunung api tertua Kulon Progo. Indikasi mineralisasi tipe porfiri ditemukan di daerah ini sehingga menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi keterdapatan mineral logam berharga (Cu-Au). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pemetaan geologi, analisis petrografi dan mikroskopi bijih, serta analisis geokimia menggunakan XRF dan ICP-MS. Geologi daerah penelitian terletak pada fasies sentral-proksimal Khuluk Gajah, terususun atas intrusi mikrodiorit, mikrodiorit kuarsa, andesit, andesit basaltik-diorit, dan batugamping. Alterasi hidrotermal berkembang pada batuan beku diorit, mikrodiorit, dan sebagian pada andesit. Alterasi hidrotermal dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, yaitu ilit-serisit±biotit sekunder, epidot-aktinolit-kalsit±ilit, epidot-kalsit±ilit, dan ilit-serisit±kuarsa. Beberapa fase mineralisasi berkembang, antara lain fase epidot-aktinolit yang diikuti mineralisasi magnetit-kalkopirit, fase biotit-magnetit-kalkopirit-bornit, dan fase akhir serisit-mineral lempung-pirit menggantikan keseluruhan sistem. Analisis geokimia pada batuan teralterasi menunjukan indikasi mineralisasi Cu-Au dengan kadar 491–1447 ppm (0,14%) Cu dan 0,02–0,3 ppm Au dengan rasio elemen Cu:Au adalah 1,01. Karakter geokimia menunjukkan adanya korelasi kuat Cu terhadap Au.ABSTRACT Kulon Progo Mountain is Sunda-Banda Arc magmatism product composed of an old andesite formation. Sumbersari Area is part of the Gajah volcanic, which is the oldest rock of Kulon Progo volcanics. Indication of porphyry type mineralisation has been found in the area which makes the area interested for further research. The research methodologies are geological mapping, petrography and ore microscopy, and geochemical analysis using XRF and ICP-MS. Geology of the area located in central-proximal facies of Khuluk Gajah, consist of microdiorite, quartz-microdiorite, andesite, basaltic-dioritic andesite intrusions, and limestone. Hydrotermal alteration is developing into certain groups like illite-sericite ± secondary biotite, epidote-actinolite-calcite ± illite, epidot-calcite ± illite, and illite-sericite ± quartz. Some mineralisation phases are developed like epidote-actinolite followed by magnetite-chalcopyrite mineralisation, biotite-magnetite-chalcopyrite-bornite phase and the late phase of sericite-clay-pyrite replacing the entire system. Geochemical analysis on altered rocks show Cu-Au mineralisation indication ranging from 491-1,447 ppm (0.14%) and 0.02-0.3 ppm respectively, with Cu:Au ratio is 1.01. Geochemical characteristic shows strong correlation of Cu to Au.
Multi-functional semiconductor lighting
Authors:   Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Palchikova Irina ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federanion, Karamchuk Elena ,   Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Smirnov Evgenii ,   Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Palchikov Eugeny ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federanion,   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Samoylenko Mikhail ,   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
Published: January 2021

Features of the development of the multifunctional semiconductor illuminators are discussed. The design and characteristics of the experimental model of the “Photobox 3138” illuminator are described. The lighting variation does not exceed 2 % at the edges of the working field of 300*300 mm. The design includes a white LED illuminator with a color temperature of 5000 K (CIE D50) and a high color rendering index (CRI 97+) and a set of six independently switched monochrome led illuminators in the spectral range from 365 to 880 nm. Digital images of objects obtained in “Photobox 3138” are of use to colorimetric, spectrozonal, and multispectral analysis.
The associations of board of directors’ characteristics with modified audit opinion
Authors: Hassan Omer Waddah Kamal , Aljaaidi Khaled Salmen , Md Yusof Mohd ‘Atef , Selamat Mohamad Hisyam
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the characteristics of the board of directors and the likelihood that a company receives a modified audit opinion (as a measure of the quality of companies external financial reporting) in Malaysia. To test our hypotheses, we use the pooled cross-sectional logistic regression analysis for 136 firm-year observations listed on Bursa Malaysia over the period 2009-2011.The evidence we uncover is consistent with the hypotheses that companies with large board size and greater financial expertise of the board of directors are less possible to receive a modified audit opinion. The evidence offers by this study reinforces the listing rules of the Malaysian-Corporate-Governance Code and the requirements of the Bursa Malaysia Corporate-Governance-Guide, which consider the significance of the board of directors as an aspect of good corporate governance to its critical role in the Malaysian financial reporting process.
Mitomycin C stem cell ablation v1
Authors: Blanchoud Simon
Published: January 2021

Treatment is done for 24 h right after WBR 〈Whole Body Regeneration〉 induction. Tissue will not regenerate but haemolymph flow should be observable for around 20 days. A number of samples have died following this treatment, hence multiple pieces of tissue were treated per slide.
La gran depresión, el new deal y el trabajo social
Authors: Martínez Rodero Ana
Published: January 2021

En 1930 el sistema estadunidense para el bienestar social, Welfare, comprendía un conjunto de agencias benéficas locales y estatales sin coordinación entre ellas con fondos y recursos módicos provenientes de organizaciones caritativas con personal voluntario. Las agencias públicas, sin embargo, no suministraban los mismos servicios, ni interactuaban a nivel administrativo. El trabajo social se puso en práctica como respuesta a la Depresión; al gobierno se le asignó un funcionamiento instrumental para el bienestar social. Estos cambios iniciaron el establecimiento de una extensa serie de programas gubernamentales bajo la Administración de Roosevelt, denominados New Deal, “Nuevo Pacto”, que elevó la posición del trabajo social como profesión.
APUNTES PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE INVESTIGACIONES ANALÉCTICAS EN LA ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL
Authors: FIGUEIRA Patricia , CONCHA ELIZALDE Paz
Published: January 2021

Basándonos en distintas experiencias investigativas a lo largo de casi una década de trabajo con organizaciones indígenas, y en la comprensión de la imposibilidad de escindir la teoría del método, nos proponemos reflexionar sobre ciertos umbrales que sirvan para aperturar una praxis descolonizadora en la investigación social. A través de una revisión de la colonialidad del saber en el quehacer antropológico, nuestro punto de partida se ubica desde un posicionamiento ético-político arraigado en una práctica interculturalizante de la investigación. Así, revisaremos críticamente algunos tópicos de nuestra disciplina como el trabajo de campo, el rol del antropólogx, la autoría, la objetividad, el supuesto de neutralidad. Para finalizar, propondremos algunas líneas orientadoras para procesos de investigación y producción de conocimiento de otro modo.
Gender Experience
Authors: Silva Esquinas Antonio , Muñoz Chumilla Javier , Margalef Colomé Ariadna
Published: January 2021

La inseguridad ciudadana ha sido un área abordada desde la Criminología desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y mayoritariamente androcéntrico. En este sentido, nos preguntamos cómo podía aplicarse la perspectiva de género a estos estudios y repensar la inseguridad ciudadana desde un nuevo prisma más centrado en el sujeto y la ciudad cambiante. Llegamos a la conclusión de que determinados acercamientos metodológicos experimentales que funden la Antropología, la Criminología y los Estudios de Género, con las TIC como elemento conductor, nos permiten acercarnos desde la trasversalidad a este fenómeno desde una óptica muy distinta y que pone en conexión directa a la Academia y la comunidad.
La virginidad femenina en la Grecia Antigua
Authors: González Palacios Héctor
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es tratar de dar una breve explicación de un fenómeno histórico como la virginidad femenina en la Antigua Grecia a través del parentesco. Este artículo se centra en los períodos arcaico y clásico, poniendo el foco en el caso ateniense y aristocrático, donde la documentación es mayor. Se intentará analizar las razones del control sexual sobre las mujeres en Grecia, la imagen masculina sobre la sexualidad femenina, el castigo a los comportamientos sexuales no permitidos, la importancia de la virginidad en la sociedad griega y las formas de comprobar la virginidad femenina. Finalmente, se dedica un apartado a la evolución final de la virginidad de una condición social a una condición personal a partir de época helenística.
Representaciones sociales del mundo y prácticas de gestión del cambio en Jalisco
Authors: Zavala Alardín Gonzalo
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las representaciones sociales del mundo de una muestra de ciudadanos jaliscienses, y explorar la posible relación con sus prácticas de gestión del cambio. Para la producción de datos se utilizó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, aplicada a una muestra intencionada de 60 sujetos provenientes de cuatro zonas geográfico-culturales del estado, incluida la zona wixárika. El análisis y comparación de sus estructuras y otras variables, permitieron identificar algunas de sus cualidades más prominentes. En el estudio de las prácticas de gestión del cambio siete variables jugaron un papel central: grado de colectividad, implicación, control sobre el proceso y los resultados, alcance, frecuencia, ventajas pragmáticas y ventajas subjetivas. El análisis de las tendencias encontradas sugiere que, en efecto, existen relaciones significativas entre los tipos de representación social del mundo y el tipo de prácticas de gestión del cambio preferidas por los sujetos.
Primos hermanos
Authors: Santoveña Zapatero Fe
Published: January 2021

Las investigaciones arqueológicas en yacimientos neandertales están aportando nuevos e importantes datos sobre esta especie. Dichos hallazgos han llevado a modificar profundamente la idea sobre la capacidad intelectual de aquellos seres paleolíticos, sobre cuáles fueron sus habilidades cognitivas, sociales y también culturales. Los restos hallados en la cueva de El Sidrón y los resultados del análisis genético de los mismos, permiten reflexionar sobre las conexiones y relaciones de parentesco que en su momento pudieron darse entre los grupos de neandertales que compartieron espacio de vida en un tiempo dado.
La reserva de la biosfera “Los Petenes”
Authors: Ávila López Cielo María
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo radica en establecer cómo la población maya de Tankuché del estado de Campeche, México, perteneciente a la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Petenes (RBLP), se ha adaptado a las restricciones que la Política Pública Ambiental (PPA), impuso al aprovechamiento de recursos naturales, con motivo de la creación de dicha Área Natural Protegida (ANP). La PPA enfocada en ANP, como en el caso de las Reservas de la Biosfera (RB), en su búsqueda por alcanzar el desarrollo sustentable, restringe el aprovechamiento que afecte ecosistemas, pero lo permite a sus habitantes en actividades productivas, para generarles beneficios económicos, no excluirlos y con ello evitar los conflictos derivados del aprovechamiento de recursos naturales, postulados por la economía ecológica y la ecología política. En tal virtud, mediante trabajo etnográfico, observación directa y entrevistas semiestructuradas a la población maya de Tankuché, se develó que esta ha atestiguado la transformación y disminución de sus actividades con recursos naturales, del sector primario, junto con el aumento de actividades secundarias y terciarias, que a su vez ha diversificado, para generar ingresos, contrario a la promoción de actividades productivas para con el uso del entorno, que prometió generar la zona.
Posverdad y sistema de medios desde los postulados de la Teoría General de Sistemas (TGS)
Authors: Moreno-Felices Plácido , Puebla-Martínez Belén , Gelado-Marcos Roberto
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo ofrece una revisión del análisis comparado de sistemas de medios propuesto por Hallin y Mancini (2004-2017). En línea con una de las hipótesis propuestas por estos autores, se establece la idea vertebradora del trabajo: Los viejos y nuevos medios, las plataformas de contenido digital y redes sociales, la industria de la desinformación y las grandes tecnológicas se constituyen como el nuevo orden del sistema de medios que discontinuaría el modelo tradicional liberal/comercial dominante anterior. Un “suprasistema abierto” cuyo ámbito es el metamedio de la red social; hospedado e influenciado, por empresas tecnológicas globales capaces de interferir en el sistema social contemporáneo y que facilita la difusión de una atmósfera tóxica de posverdad como resultado del posmodernismo. Para articular la idea, se procede a una interpretación libre desde los postulados de la Teoría General de Sistemas de Bertalanffy (1968). Este trabajo desvela desequilibrios sistémicos por la polarización, el fenómeno de la desinformación y atisba una sofisticada manifestación de control social en el que la red social se funde con, somete y presumiblemente, devora al sistema social con consecuencias imprevisibles. Este trabajo propone una interpretación gráfica del fenómeno de la posverdad como “atmósfera tóxica” desde la perspectiva de la sistémica clásica junto a sugerencias de acciones de mejora.
Literatura como etnografía
Authors: Pocrnja Jana
Published: January 2021

Los escritores literarios son etnógrafos y, por lo tanto, la literatura per se es etnografía. En línea con esta visión, en las últimas décadas se han formado corrientes que tratan de desarrollar investigaciones de la literatura explícitamente desde la perspectiva etnográfica. En realidad, la idea de entender la literatura como etnografía y los estudios de la literatura como estudios de la cultura empieza en los años 50 con Roland Barthes. Esta concepción ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma en las últimas tres décadas. Además de nuevas focalizaciones que surgen de un interés etnológico de la literatura, hay algunas formas de investigación que se habían limitado al campo literario que ahora resultan importantes para investigar una cultura en general y surge la pregunta: ¿qué tipo de interrogantes del campo literario se pueden trasladar al campo cultural? Este texto trata de ofrecer un resumen de estas corrientes e investigaciones para concluir con la respuesta a las preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las ventajas de la escritura literaria frente a la escritura etnográfica clásica? ¿Cuáles son las fallas de escritores de etnografía que la literatura puede compensar?
Syzygium polyanthum Protects Against Hypertensive Induced Kidney Damage in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Model
Authors: NOORDIN LIZA , RAMLI NURUL SYAHIDA , ABU BAKAR NOR HIDAYAH , WAN AHMAD WAN AMIR NIZAM
Published: January 2021

Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive. However, the nephroprotective effects of S. polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease remains to be done. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group); Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and 2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP normalised systolic blood pressure and significantly improved renal function. AESP also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared to untreated-SHR group. Histology of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively, S. polyanthum could be used to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.
Graduates’ and Employers’ Perceptions on Competencies Obtained from An Undergraduate Dental Curriculum
Authors: NIK-AZIS NIK-MADIHAH , BAHARIN BADIAH , ABDULLAH DALIA , CHAN LAI PENG , LOK YI YING
Published: January 2021

Introduction Measuring the effectiveness of a dental curriculum as reflected by the competencies of the graduates is paramount in ensuring the curriculum remains relevant in the rapidly evolving field of dentistry. We aimed to assess the competencies of dental graduates of Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as perceived by the graduates and their employers, based on the core competencies listed in the UKM undergraduate dental curriculum. Methods A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 43 questions based on eight domains of competencies were sent to all UKM dental graduates of years 2012 to 2015 as well as senior dental officers who represented their employers. Findings 132 out of 177 graduates (75%) and 18 out of 33 employers (55%) responded. Most graduates felt competent in gathering information and all employers agreed that the graduates were competent with this skill. Out of the eight domains, only community based domain was collectively rated ‘poor’ by the employers while the rest of the domains had an ‘excellent’ rating by both the graduates and their employers. However, based on the individual skill, basic life support skill was rated very low for both groups (38.6% graduates and 23.5% employers). The employers underrated the graduates in the domain of treatment and prevention, community-based, management and administrative, and communication. Significance The findings of this study allow an evaluation of the curriculum in a myriad of angles. Although the graduates reported a good level of competency in most domains, the employers were reserved on the community-based skills. This needs to be addressed in order to improve the undergraduate program.
Comparison of Driving Difficulty Between Bilateral Cataract and Non-Cataract Elderly Drivers in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: ABD RAHMAN MOHD HARIMI , MOHD NORIZAN NURUL HAFIZAH , ABDUL MUTALIB HALIZA , MD-MUZIMAN-SYAH MD MUSTAFA
Published: January 2021

An age-related ocular disease such as cataract that causes reduction of visual functions would affect the individual driving performance. The aim of this research was to compare driving difficulties between Malaysian drivers with bilateral cataracts and without cataract. This cross-sectional study involved measurement of visual functions [visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS)] and driving difficulty of 61 respondents who had valid driving license and actively driving. Subjects were divided into cataract group (n=30) and age/gender matched non-cataracts as control group (n=31). Results showed the mean±SD for composite driving difficulty score in cataract group and in control group were 72.08±15.95 and 87.50±12.60 respectively. Results also showed significant mean difference composite driving difficulty score between cataract and control group (p=0.000). Cataract drivers also have significant difficulty driving in raining (p=0.034) and at night (p=0.013) compared to drivers without cataract. Details inter-group analysis result showed that reduced VA and CS were two main findings among cataract drivers with driving difficulty. This study showed that drivers with cataract would experience driving difficulties compared to the drivers without cataract, especially in low contrast situations.
Pharmacist in Media: Role in Healthcare and Public Perception
Authors: ABDUL WAHAB HALIZ FARIZZAH , ZULFAKAR MOHD HANIF , ISLAHUDIN FARIDA HANIM
Published: January 2021

The use of internet and social media for health information sharing is expanding among public, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals over the past few years. Research investigating the use of internet and social media in the practice of pharmacy is growing, however, little is known on the delivery of pharmacy services through these media platforms. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of pharmacist in media in providing healthcare information, to evaluate public perception and acceptance towards pharmacist using media as a platform information sharing and to find out public expectation towards pharmacy services in media. A total of 200 respondents were involved by random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Study duration was from October until November 2019. The self-administered questionnaire was adapted from previous study investigating the public preferred source of healthcare advices. Majority of the respondents agree that media platforms can be used by pharmacist to improve patient-pharmacist communication with 76.5% expected that social media has the potential to become an established channel for patient-pharmacist communication. 61.0% of the respondents also acknowledged pharmacist to be very knowledgeable on health-related information by providing accurate information. This study provided insights into the public view towards the roles of pharmacist and their expectation towards pharmacist sharing health-related information in media platforms. Participants recognized the potential use of media platforms for healthcare information sharing. To enhance pharmacist presence and impact on public health through digital media platforms, it is important to start incorporating digital medium into their pharmacy services.
Avaliação do Acesso às Políticas Públicas de Pesca Artesanal na Amazônia: caso de uma comunidade pesqueira ## Analysis of the Public Policies of Artisanal Fisheries in the Amazon: case of a fishing community
Authors: Silva Islana Carvalho Baia da , Lucena Bruno Rafael Dias de , Cardoso Welson De Sousa
Published: January 2021

ResumoA atividade pesqueira artesanal possui relevante importância social e econômica para a região amazônica, pois é fonte de alimento, renda e ocupação de mão-de-obra e destina-se tanto a subsistência das comunidades ribeirinhas quanto à comercialização nos centros urbanos. Esse artigo se propõe a compreender e caracterizar a atividade pesqueira na localidade Rio Guajará de Beja, Abaetetuba/PA, verificando o atual engajamento dos pescadores artesanais com as políticas públicas disponíveis, como o seguro defeso e o programa de subvenção econômica ao diesel pesqueiro, bem como a sua real capacidade de acessá-las. O referencial teórico foi construído de modo a posicionar o leitor sobre a atual relevância da pesca artesanal para a Amazônia, a investigação das políticas públicas disponíveis para esta atividade e um breve histórico que culminou nesse contexto. Foi realizada uma survey, com uma amostra de 119 pescadores artesanais e seus resultados foram analisados com base na revisão realizada. Dentre os principais resultados verifica-se que 74% dos pescadores exercem a pesca de subsistência; a pesca comercial é realizada por 26% dos pescadores, que utilizam o barco e a rede de espera. O seguro defeso é acessado por 81% dos pescadores de subsistência e por 77% dos pescadores comerciais. Verifica-se, no entanto, que a política de subsídio ao diesel não possui efetividade na localidade, pois 78% dos donos de embarcação pesqueira nem sequer possuíam conhecimento sobre o programa. O que permite concluir que a política não está adequadamente divulgada e não é necessariamente acessível. AbstractThe artisanal fishing activity has relevant social and economic importance for the Amazon region as it is a source of food, income, and labor occupation and is intended both for the subsistence of riverside communities and for commercialization in urban centers. This article aims to understand and characterize the fishing activity in Rio Guajará de Beja, Abaetetuba / PA, verifying the current engagement of artisanal fishermen with the public policies available, such as closed insurance and the economic subsidy program for fishing diesel, as well as your real ability to access them. The theoretical framework was constructed to position the reader on the current relevance of artisanal fishing for the Amazon, the investigation of public policies available for this activity, and a brief history that culminated in this context. A survey was carried out, with a sample of 119 artisanal fishermen and their results were analyzed based on the review carried out. The results allow us to conclude that the policy is not adequately disclosed and is not necessarily accessible.
EVALUATING THE SAWABILITY OF ROCKS BY CHAIN-SAW MACHINES USING THE PROMETHEE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mikaeil Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Akbar , Aghaei Sara , Haghshenas Sina Shaffiee , Jafarpour Amir , Mohammadi Javad , Ataei Mohammad
Published: January 2021

One of the most significant factors in the estimation of dimension stone quarry cost is the production rate of rock cutting machines. Evaluating the production rate of chain-saw machines is a very significant and practical issue. In this research, it has been attempted to evaluate and select the suitable working-face for a quarry by examining the maximum production rate in the Dehbid and Shayan marble quarries. For this purpose, fi eld studies were carried out which included measuring operational characteristics of the chain-saw cutting machine, the production rate and sampling for laboratory tests from seven active case studies. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks including: Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS), Los Angeles abrasion, quartz content, water absorption percentage, porosity, Schmidt hardness and grain size for all sample measurements were studied after transferring the samples to a rock-mechanics laboratory. Finally, the sawability of the quarried working-faces was evaluated using the PROMETHEE multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model according to the physical and mechanical properties. The results of the study indicated that the number 1 and 5 working-faces from the Dehbid and Shayan quarries are the most suitable working-faces in terms of production rate with the maximum recorded production values (4.95 and 3.1 m2 /h), and with net fl ow rates (2.67 and -0.36) respectively.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF MICRO-PARAMETERS ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK
Authors: Mohammadabadi Behzad Jafari , Shahriar Kourosh , Jalalifar Hossein , Ahangari Kaveh
Published: January 2021

Rocks are formed from particles and the interaction between those particles controls the behaviour of a rock’s mechanical properties. Since it is very important to conduct extensive studies about the relationship between the micro-parameters and macro-parameters of rock, this paper investigates the effects of some micro-parameters on strength properties and the behaviour of cracks in rock. This is carried out by using numerical simulation of an extensive series of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests. The micro-parameters included the particles’ contact modulus, the contact stiff ness ratio, bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, the friction coefficient and the friction angle, and the mechanical properties of chromite rock have been considered as base values of the investigation. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the most important micro-parameters on the behaviour of rock in the compressive state are bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, and the friction coefficient. Also, the bond tensile strength showed the largest effect under tensile conditions. The micro-parameter of bond tensile strength increased the rock tensile strength (up to 5 times), minimized destructive cracks and increased the corresponding strain (almost 2.5 times) during critical stress.
"Un conejo dos conejos / tres conejos con el alba", la canción popular y el itinerario en Los pasos del cazador
Authors: Freixas Margarita
Published: January 2021

En esta contribución se estudia la influencia de la lírica tradicional y de la canción popular en la génesis y en el desarrollo de algunos de los poemas de Los pasos del cazador (1980). Se parte del análisis del volumen como un itinerario en el que cada texto representa un hito en el camino del yo poético, un cazador que va exponiendo sus vivencias cinegéticas y amorosas a través de la reescritura de temas, géneros y motivos recurrentes en la tradición lírica española más antigua. Las versiones no publicadas de los poemas analizados son textos manuscritos y mecanogra"ados conservados en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, en el Fondo José Agustín Goytisolo.
José Agustín Goytisolo y su generación: estilo de poesía y estilo de recitado
Authors: Poch Olivé Dolors
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la forma en la que José Agustín Goytisolo y otros dos poetas de su generación, Jaime Gil de Biedma y Ángel González, recitan sus propios poemas. Como se verá, los tres poetas comparten un estilo cercano al habla coloquial, como así lo reclama el carácter de sus composiciones, pero presentan estrategias distintas a la hora de poner de relieve las características de los sonidos que constituyen el poema y, sobre todo, los rasgos del ritmo de los mismos. El artículo, elaborado desde la perspectiva de estudio de la Fonética experimental, propone, además, una metodología para analizar estas cuestiones que permite establecer, cuantitativamente, las diferencias entre los tres estilos de recitación y que es aplicable a otros estudios que se propongan los mismos objetivos.
Generadores e impulsores del marketing boca a boca en un programa de educación superior
Authors: Espinal-Ruiz Dario Jose , Cruz-González Natali , David-Tenorio Luis Enrique
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad, el uso de medios tradicionales de promoción y marketing no ha resultado ser muy efectivo para las instituciones de educación superior por cuanto no se evidencian los efectos esperados. Consecuentemente, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los generadores e impulsores del marketing boca a boca a boca en un programa de educación superior. Para la realización de la investigación se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, a través de un muestreo probabilístico estratificado donde se aplicaron 185 encuestas a estudiantes del programa de Administración de Empresas de la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte (Cali, Colombia). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los estudiantes son los principales generadores del boca a boca, y que el mayor impulsor radica en el aspecto diferenciador del programa académico y la reputación de la institución.
ANTI-SOFT POWER IN POLITICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Fenenko A.
Published: January 2021

Thus, the present article aims at answering the question whether there exists an anti-soft power, both as ideology and practice, which could be efficient enough for the state to protect itself from the impact of external informational and cultural influence. The theory of soft power is based on the idea that its object accepts normative subordination. Consequently, such object should not pursue major political ambitions, should be ready to collaborate within the established world order and, above all, agree with superiority of the world leaders and the rules they impose. Anti-soft power is different. The core idea is that its holder is not willing to comply with the opponent’s superiority as well as its rules of the game. The subject of anti-soft power is politically ambitious and never recognizes its dependence or inferiority. Regardless of being strong or weak, it will not admit its junior or secondary position in a community. We saw a few such subjects during the era of globalization. However, the globalization crisis may change the situation and thus give rise to a new political trend, that is the resurgence of anti-soft power. The article states that anti-soft power has repeatedly blocked the attempts of one country to influence another country. In the course of history, we can single out three main types of policy: 1) the policy based on supremacism, or chauvinism; 2) the policy based on ideological alternatives; 3) the policy based on segment restrictions of the oppo nent’s soft power. Each of these, though, can bring its subjects both political benefits and unwanted costs.
LEADERSHIP IN THE MULTIPOLAR WORLD: CHINA’S STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Soboleva E. , Krivohizh S.
Published: January 2021

In the multipolar world regional powers play an increasingly important role, as they strive to become leaders and shape the regional order. It is a common situation, when in one region several powers compete to become a sole leader, however, other types of interaction also exist for example, asymmetric leadership. Asymmetric leadership denotes a situation when one power does not strive to become a sole leader in one region in all spheres, but the scope and type of its involvement in addressing common problems in the region varies. This paper explores the phenomenon of asymmetric leadership using the PRC policy in Central Asia as an empirical case. The theoretical part of the paper outlines the major points of the leadership theory in international relations, which are later used to evaluate China’s policy in Central Asia. In the empirical part we explore institutions, regional focus, goals and resources of the Chinese initiatives, as well as analyze factors that influence regional strategy of a rising power. In Central Asia the PRC has expressed leadership ambitions in several issue areas, such as non-traditional security, economic cooperation and development assistance, financial governance, and environmental cooperation. However, its strategy has varied from sphere to sphere in terms of institutionalization, overall regional focus, involvement of other regional power, etc. For example, in the sphere of non-traditional security and financial governance, the PRC has initiated the establishment of special institutions, which are absent in other spheres. The case of Central Asia, which has traditionally been Russian sphere of influence, allows us to investigate the possible responses of one regional power to leadership projects of another. Russia plays different roles in Chinese projects in Central Asia: a co-leader in counter-terrorism sphere, a follower in financial governance, a competitor in economic cooperation, and an observer in environmental protection sphere. The role of Russia is determined by the available resources in each area and its own leadership ambitions, as well as the desire of the PRC to maintain friendly relations with Moscow.
Propietarias en la ciudad de México durante la coyuntura de la reforma liberal
Authors: Córdoba Irina
Published: January 2021

Los cambios económicos que promovió la Ley de Desamortización de Fincas Rústicas y Urbanas de Corporaciones Civiles y Eclesiásticas, redactada en junio de 1856 por el ministro de Hacienda, Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, transformaron el acceso de las mujeres a la propiedad. Por medio de una investigación documental en el Fondo Antiguo del Archivo Histórico de Notarías de la Ciudad de México y el análisis del cambio legal con perspectiva de género, se contextualizan los argumentos de 29 mujeres que lograron paulatinamente la propiedad de los bienes adjudicados en el otoño de 1856. La interpretación subraya la importancia de la esfera económica para entender el cambio social, sin abatir completamente los límites al ejercicio de este derecho.
Paul’s Teachings on the Uniqueness and Supremacy of Christ in Colossians 1: 12-23 and Its Implications for Christianity in Africa
Authors: Mbachi Valentine Chukwujekwu , Uchendu John Chukwunonye
Published: January 2021

This article examines Paul’s teaching on the uniqueness and supremacy of Christ and its implications for Christianity in Africa. The approach is analytical or qualitative. The historical-critical method and contextual tools are used in the interpretation of the biblical text. The study reveals that Christianity in Africa shares similar threats of heresy to that of the Church at Colossae which, of course, holds implications for Christianity in Africa such as: that Christ must be a living reality in one’s life without which he/she is not worth being classified as a Christian, that the one professing to be a Christian must not only be rooted in Christ but must be built up in Him as well, that Christians in Africa should realize that when believers are part of the body of which Christ is the head, there is no need to fear or manipulate any other spiritual beings, that subjugated powers cannot harm the person who is in Christ for their ultimate overthrow in the future is assured, that Christians in Africa have no cause to pay homage to any lesser supernatural beings, that Christians are not to follow ceremonies, rituals, initiations and restrictions in order to be saved, that Christians in Africa must not obtain secret or acquire an exoteric knowledge in order to be saved or be liberated from the clutches of evil powers, and that they should shun combining aspects of several religions given that they have everything since they have Christ. This, therefore, spells the need to take Christian discipleship very seriously in African Churches.
RUSSIAN MARKET OF INNOVATIVE BANKING PRODUCTS
Authors: Ramzaeva E. P.
Published: January 2021

The development and use of financial and informational innovations is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of banking institutions. The article assesses the level of the Russian banking sector digitalization and considers the main innovative products in the banking sector. The effectiveness of a bank and its competitiveness in the banking market largely depend on the introduction of new banking technologies
Audiencias y caso policial en Argentina. Un análisis en recepción
Authors: Paula Gago María
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo se inscribe en una investigación más amplia que tiene por objetivo, por un lado, analizar las condiciones de producción de los programas de la televisión abierta, con especial atención en los casos policiales, el discurso político y la vida de las celebrities, entre otros de resonancia mediática; por el otro, realizar un estudio en recepción con el propósito de indagar en las percepciones de los televidentes y las televidentes en torno a los programas y el tratamiento sobre casos específicos. Aquí se presenta un análisis en recepción sobre el tratamiento mediático del asesinato de Fernando Pastorizzo, cometido por Nahir Galarza; para ello se hicieron entrevistas y se utilizó una metodología cualitativa. Los resultados obtenidos indican que entre la instancia de producción y recepción hubo concordancia en varios aspectos; entre ellos se evidenció desconocimiento o confusión sobre qué significa la violencia de género.
Judicial policy and practice in the legal system of Russia
Authors: GUK P.A.
Published: January 2021

This article considers the question of judicial politic. More than that here an influence of judicial politic on application of law, legal proceedings, arrangement of court and status of judges analyses. This procedure leads to improvement of justice in Russian legal system.
AN INHERITANCE AND A LIFE ESTATE AGREEMENT: CORRELATION OF CONCEPTS
Authors:   Head of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute of the Bashkir State University Doctor of Law, Professor, Tuzhilova-Ordanskaya Elena M. , Atnabaeva Yulia V. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute of the Bashkir State University
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the novelties of inheritance law, introduced by the Federal Law of July 19, 2018 N 217-FL. The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects correlation of such legal categories as “the inheritance contract” and “the life estate agreement”. Based on a comparative analysis, conclusions are drawning up about the legal nature of such contracts. The question of classifying the inheritance contract and the life estate agreement to the category of risk contracts is also being considered.
African Church Fathers - Ancient and Modern: A Reading of Origen and John S. Mbiti
Authors: Engdahl Hans S. A.
Published: January 2021

This critical and close reading of two African theologians, Origen (185 – 254) and Mbiti (1931 – 2019), focuses on the following areas: philosophy (African philosophy and religion and Platonic cosmology), ecclesiology and eschatology; a parallel presentation of these three themes leads to a fourth theme, that of the resurrection, where it is argued that there exists a consensus and a convergence between the two. This reading also highlights two convictions that partly have caused strong criticism: Mbiti has suggested that African philosophy and religion have a conception of time of their own, Origen that all and everything is gradually moving towards an apokatastasis, at which point all will be saved. Yet, the contention is that even more important to both Mbiti and Origen is the resurrection of Jesus Christ. In order to establish the impact of the resurrection on their lives as Christians and as theologians, a contrast reading has been undertaken, i.e. texts are identified which underline the need to forge a link between the resurrection and the earthly ministry of Jesus. These texts also underwrite the conviction of Mbiti as well as Origen of the resurrection as something which must be lived in church and society, corporately as well as in personal devotion. The fact of resurrection creates a new mode of life.
Metaphors in political campaigning – An anthropological linguistics perspective
Authors: Malik Alia Razia
Published: January 2021

Language is a means of communication in a society. According to linguistic anthropology, a speaker is a social actor who expresses certain ideologies through language. Concepts and ideas, transmitted through language, are part of larger cultural whole in the society. Linguistic anthropology deals with language from a cultural perspective. People represent their mental realities through language which in turn is shaped by culture. Politics is a field of power and dominance. In political discourse, power is exerted through language. Political discourse is to persuade or to motivate the masses. Hence, linguistic choices are important to achieve certain objectives. In Pakistan, the general elections of 2013 were unique in the aspect as it was the first time that one elected democratic government had completed its turn of 5 years and lead towards the next election. Otherwise, the history of Pakistan is marked by incomplete tenures of democratic government and dictatorship. The elections were held on 11 May 2013 in all constituencies of Pakistan. People from all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Khayber Pakhtoon Khawah, Balochistan, federal area and tribal area had casted their votes.
 
Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;