bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Singh Harwinder , Singh Amandeep , Bilga Paramjit Singh , Singh Lakhwinder Pal
Published: December 2015

The present study aimed to evaluate energy expenditure of workers engaged in a manual material handling task .The various factors/sub factors influencing energy expenditure with physical impact on the human body were prioritized in terms of weight values by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The study included a sample of sixty male workers with a mean age ± SD of 40.34 ± 7.65, data with respect to their job activity and physical characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. The results showed an average working heart rate ± SD of 124.5±12.24 beats/min and average energy expenditure ± SD of 3370.33 ± 283.86 kcal; these are clear indicators of strenuous activity. The results of the AHP evaluation showed physical workload (PW) as the most important factor followed by physical work capacity (PWC), type of activity (TOA), organizational factors (OF) and personal factors (PF) with weight values of 0.454139, 0.252781, 0.129274, 0.125318 and 0.038488 respectively. The study concluded with prioritization of various factors contributing to a high rate of energy expenditure which may lead to overexertion and musculoskeletal injuries. The findings indicated an utmost need to redesign job content with the addition of some periods of break time in order for the body to recover from the excessive energy expenditure.
GIS BASED GEO HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF PAKISTAN FOR FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT USING AHP
Authors: Minhas Amer Imran
Published: December 2015

Pakistan has been subject to frequent earthquakes, which are often severe (especially in the north and west), and severe flooding along the Indus River after heavy monsoon rains (July to August every year). Loss to life and property as a result of these natural disasters has been very high in the recent past. In order to mitigate these losses, an integrated decision support which could help planners make complex decisions accurately and quickly is required. This first ever study aims to provide a multi criteria decision analysis framework resulting in the regionalization of the territories of Pakistan according to the level of vulnerability to these natural disasters. Site suitability for urban development in Pakistan was assessed by the application of GIS and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). GIS can effectively store, retrieve, manipulate, analyse and display the spatial in site selection problems. AHP can be used to calculate weights of criteria while the decision maker remains consistent in judging and allocating comparative preferences to criteria. Weighted scores were aggregated in two clusters namely environmental (elevation, slope, aspect, distance from rivers, land surface temperature and precipitation) and hazard (flood extents, earthquake density and intensity). The results of these two clusters were then synthesized using an innovative scheme to obtain a suitability index map. Indices in the map were classified into four categories representing extremely suitable, suitable, less suitable and worst regions for urban development. This study shows how an effective multi criteria decision support method can be developed to select suitable sites for urban development in order to reduce exposure to natural disasters. Urban development should be planned in extremely suitable areas. 
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE FLUID DELIVERY TECHNIQUE FOR GRINDING TITANIUM GRADE-1 USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Chaudhury Ayan , Mandal Bijoy , Das Santanu
Published: December 2015

Grinding is commonly used in industry for the finishing or semi-finishing of different mechanical components. In this process, a wheel is rotated at a high speed. The wheel is made of abrasive particles known as grits. During grinding, high grinding zone temperature is experienced leading to several grinding defects. To control these thermal defects grinding fluid is usually employed mainly to cool and lubricate the grinding region. However, most of the applied grinding fluid cannot reach the grinding zone as it is deflected by the stiff air layer formed around the wheel periphery. Several attempts have been made in the past to overcome this problem in order to guarantee better fluid delivery. In this paper, two newly developed methods, a pneumatic barrier and a compound nozzle are considered to serve this purpose. Grinding experiments are conducted on titanium grade-1 specimens under four environmental conditions, which include dry, flood cooling, flood cooling with pneumatic barrier set up and cooling using a compound nozzle. Under each environment, 10 grinding passes are undertaken using 10, 20 and 30 mm infeed. Data obtained are used to optimize the grinding performance by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP results show compound nozzle fluid delivery at 20 mm infeed to be the appropriate condition for grinding titanium grade-1 within this experimental domain. This condition is supposed to deliver grinding fluid deep into the grinding zone thereby controlling grinding temperature effectively and may be recommended to the industry. 
Plato And Aristotle's Missing Axiom Of Logical Thought: Creativity And Priorities
Authors: Saaty Thomas L.
Published: December 2015

The original three laws of thought due to Plato comprise the most basic requirements for identification and reasoning.  Here we expand these three laws to include comparison which must precede all the three laws. The only way we know a thing is by comparing it with other things, or with our memories of other things.
Turismo criativo e desenvolvimento da oferta turística do cluster do Vale dos Vinhedos (RS, Brasil))
Authors: Ashton Mary Sandra Guerra , Valduga Vander , Tomazzoni Edegar Luis
Published: December 2015

Esse estudo tem o objetivo de investigar as atividades programadas pelas vinícolas da região da Serra Gaúcha (Brasil), na composição e desenvolvimento da oferta turística, para analisar as possibilidades de turismo criativo do cluster Vale dos Vinhedos, RS, Brasil. Adotou-se o método exploratório-descritivo e interpretativo numa pesquisa qualitativa e para a parte empírica, usou-se de observação com visitas in loco. Buscou-se analisar a dinâmica de clusters e de turismo criativo entre os desafios da oferta turística regional e o Vale dos Vinhedos, suas vinícolas e a oferta turística como experiência singular que utilizam o ambiente rural e a produção da uva e do vinho, com novos e diferenciados produtos e serviços para a atração de turistas. Por meio desse estudo espera-se contribuir com subsídios teóricos que possam proporcionar uma visão mais abrangente e confiável da necessidade da oferta de novos produtos em destinos mais criativos, visando ao desenvolvimento da oferta turística local, com base no referencial de cluster.
As Experiências dos Turistas em Estabelecimentos Comerciais de Souvenirs no Destino Curitiba-Brasil
Authors: Horodyski Graziela Scalise , Fernandes Diogo Lüders , Gândara José Manoel Gonçalves
Published: December 2015

O consumo de souvenirs é uma atividade que compõe as experiências dos turistas na maior parte dos destinos turísticos do mundo. Em Curitiba, os estabelecimentos comerciais de souvenirs se localizam próximos aos principais atrativos turísticos da cidade, contribuindo as experiências dos visitantes. Entende-se que os estabelecimentos comerciais de souvenirs são espaços onde os turistas podem viver diversas experiências. Para esta investigação, considerou-se as quatro dimensões da experiência de Pine II e Gilmore (1999), a saber: aprendizagem, estética, evasão e entretenimento. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar como os estabelecimentos comerciais de souvenirs afetam as experiências turísticas em Curitiba-PR. A investigação teve caráter qualitativo, exploratório, consistindo em um estudo aplicado. O instrumento de pesquisa foi estabelecido conforme a abordagem do Design Thinking. Para a realização do estudo foi necessária uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em seguida, foi realizado o trabalho de campo, estabelecendo-se como recorte espacial, o circuito da Linha Turismo. Para a realização do shadowing, foram definidos dezessete pontos comerciais de souvenirs, com características distintas e representativas dos atrativos a elas associadas. Após a análise dos dados por meio de emparelhamento teórico, verificou-se que o ponto de venda e o ambiente dos estabelecimentos comerciais, assim como o atendimento e os produtos ofertados contribuem para as experiências dos turistas.
Comportamiento comercial y hábitos de consumo de los turistas en un destino maduro de sol y playa: El caso de Cullera
Authors: Noguera Tur Joan , Ferrandis Martínez Adrián , Madrid Liñeiro Virginia
Published: December 2015

El comercio de buena parte de los destinos maduros de sol y playa a lo largo de la orilla norte del mar Mediterráneo afronta, año tras año, rendimientos decrecientes a causa de la crisis económica que afecta a los principales mercados de origen, y a la competencia de nuevas formas y destinos turísticos. En la mayoría de los casos, se trata de núcleos urbanos con un comercio estacional de proximidad, que solo se activa durante la breve temporada alta. El resto del comercio urbano apenas se beneficia del consumo de un turismo que permanece recluido en el espacio de playa. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un análisis empírico de los hábitos de consumo comercial de los turistas de un destino que responde a la tipología descrita: las playas de Cullera, en la fachada mediterránea española. Aunque los factores contextuales imponen una serie de limitaciones a la hora de extrapolar los resultados obtenidos, las similitudes que muestran muchos destinos turísticos maduros de la costa mediterránea española permiten, al menos en esos casos, identificar tendencias comunes en cuanto a hábitos de consumo turístico, demanda insatisfecha, modelos de oferta comercial dominantes, entre otros.
Diagnostic reliability of a simplified epidemiologic tool to detect high-risk overjet for dental trauma.
Authors: Reisen Andressa , Parpaiola Alessandra Ramos , Oliveira Arlete Maria Gomes , Zanin Luciane , Flório Flávia Martão
Published: December 2015

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a simplified tool to detect high-risk overjet for dental trauma. Material and Methods: The study population was composed of 131 volunteers divided into two groups according to the overjet measurement in terms of risk for traumatic dental injury (GRAB: risk absent and GRPR: risk present). The distance between the most prominent labial surface and its corresponding counterpart was measured using both the conventional (WHO, 1997) and the simplified tool. The measurements were taken independently and on separate occasions by two previously calibrated dental surgeons (Kappa=0.86). The gold standard method, as recommended by the WHO (1997), was performed by an external examiner. The simplified method, based on pencil-marked wooden tongue depressors was carried out in a blind manner by the other examiner. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the classification of risk for dental trauma in terms of overjet using the simplified method and compared to the conventional method. Results: The results revealed high values for sensitivity (S=1), specificity (E=0.93), positive (PPV=0.95) and negative predictive value (NPV=1). Conclusion: The examination using the simplified tool was reliable in identifying high-risk overjet, thus offering an alternative to the conventional examination.
The effect of metal surface treatment on bond strength interface between metal/cement
Authors: Andreatta-Filho Osvaldo Daniel , Rodrigues Vinícius Anéas , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Carvalho Paula Carolina Komori de , Nishioka Renato Sussumu
Published: December 2015

Objective: This study evaluated the hypothesis that different treatments of surface upon three metal alloys for metal ceramic dental prostheses (Gold; Nickel-Chromium; Titanium) do not Influence the values of bond strength with resin cement. Material and Methods: Twenty blocks, 5x5x5 mm, of each alloy were divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to surface treatments: 1 (Primer): sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles 110 µm (Al2O3) + Alloy Primer (Kuraray); 2 (Cojet): sandblasting with silica oxide particles with Cojet-Sand + Silane ESPE-Sil. The conditioned blocks of each group were cemented, with Panavia F, to resin blocks under constant load of 750 g/10 min. The sets were cut to obtain 4 samples with dimensions of 10x1x1 mm per block (n = 10) and the adhesive surface with approximately 1 mm2. The microtensile test was done in the universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The values of bond strength and standard deviation (MPa) were: Au P: 7.33 ± 1.93d; Au C: 13.35 ± 2.18c; NiCr P: 23.56 ± 6.5b; NiCr C: 42.6 ± 5.84a; Ti P: 26.17 ± 1.94b; Ti C: 44.30 ± 2.3a. Data were analyzed by variance test (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test, p < 0.05. Results: The results indicated that the conditioning with treatment 2 increased the bond strength between the resin cement and alloys. The lowest bond strengths values were obtained with gold alloy, regardless the surface treatment. Conclusion: The results denied the hypothesis that the metallic alloys surface treatments do not alter the bond strengths values.
Influência do número de folíolos e nós no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de cipó-de-são-joão
Authors: Milani Marília , Heintze Willian , Schafer Gilmar , De Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra
Published: December 2015

The flame vine (Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers) is a semihardwood vine, vigorous, native, native, occurring in all Brazilian biomes and ornamental potential. Technical information about the propagation of this species will contribute to the production of seedlings and with that, their greatest use in landscaping. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the number of leaves and nodes in rooting intermediate flame vine. The experiment was conducted under conditions of intermittent mist. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 3, being respectively cuttings with one or two nodes, and zero, one or two leaflets. We used four replicates with plots consisting of 12 cuttings placed in substrate of rice hulls in polystyrene trays with 72 cells. We evaluated at 84 days the porcentage of rooted cuttings, length of shoots, dry weight of shoots and, per cutting, average: number of roots - first order; maximum length of each root of the first order, volume and dry weight of roots. It was observed that cuttings with two leaflets enabled 66% of rooting, greater length and dry mass of shoots. The higher quality of the root system occurs with stakes with two leaflets and two nodes. The spread of flame vine is efficient with semi-hardwood cuttings with two nodes and two leaflets, kept in a greenhouse under intermittent mist.
Comparison of patient safety culture among psychiatric, general, and specialized hospitals of Tehran
Authors: Raeissi Pouran , Shakibaei Erfan
Published: December 2015

Patient safety culture (PSC) has been considered less than its significance within high risk health care facilities so far. The aim of this study was to firstly compare PSC among psychiatric, general, and critical/intensive care systems then, focus on common weaknesses between Middle East countries. The study design was cross-sectional which was executed by using of a two stage sampling frame. Researchers had 298 questionnaire completed (RR=62%) among three groups comprising nurses, nurse’s aides, and laboratory personnel. The Farsi version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was employed in this study. Descriptive statistics, and One Way ANOVA were used aiming to analyze collected data by using of SPSS 20. The highest percent of composite mean scores in Specialized, Psychiatric, and Generals were 61.49%, 56.67%, and 55.69% respectively. Common weakest dimensions of PSC among the three groups of hospitals included: Non-punitive response to error (24.3%), Staffing (32.18%), and Communication openness (42.44%). There were no significant differences among means and variences of the three groups of hospitals. It can be concluded that health care systems may have no differences in PSC correspond to disparities in amount of risk and job pressure. An implication of this study is the possibility that PSC is mostly local, although some weaknesses between our study and Middle East seemed to be symmetrical.
Zwischen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und nachhaltiger Entwicklung: Forschungsförderung braucht Politikkohärenz
Authors: Kläy Andreas , Schneider Flurina
Published: December 2015

Reaktion auf vier Beiträge zu transformativer Wissenschaft in GAIA (2015): A. Grunwald, U. Schneidewind, C. von Wissel, W. Rohe
Sex-related differences in the association of ghrelin levels with obesity in adolescents
Authors: Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Ortega Lorena , Navarro Pilar , Riestra Pía , Gavela-Pérez Teresa , Garcés Carmen
Published: December 2015

The utility of ghrelin as a biomarker may be different depending on gender. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin levels in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to evaluate their association with obesity and obesity-related parameters depending on sex.

The studied population included 601 randomly selected 14-to 16-year-old children. Anthropometrical data were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio calculated. Body composition was assessed using an impedance body composition analyzer. Total serum ghrelin levels were determined using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by ELISA and insulin by RIA.

Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in girls than in boys. Serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.01) in obese than in normal weight (NW) girls, but showed no differences by weight category in boys. Ghrelin showed a significant negative relationship with waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and fat mass (p<0.05) in both genders, and with weight and BMI (p<0.01) in girls, and insulin (p<0.01) and HOMA (p<0.05) in boys. Ghrelin also correlated negatively with leptin levels in girls (p<0.01).

Our study describes serum ghrelin levels in adolescents, showing a sexual dimorphism in ghrelin levels in these 14-to 16-year-old children, and a different association of ghrelin levels with obesity by gender that suggests a different appetite and energy expenditure control depending on sex at this age.
Glucose is stable during prolonged storage in un-centrifuged Greiner tubes with liquid citrate buffer, but not in serum and NaF/KOx tubes
Authors: Juricic Gordana , Bakliza Ana , Saracevic Andrea , Kopcinovic Lara Milevoj , Dobrijevic Sanja , Drmic Sandra , Simundic Ana-Maria
Published: December 2015

Delayed sample processing can affect accurate glucose measurement. Our aim was to investigate the stability of glucose in samples collected in serum, sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes processed according to different controlled pre-centrifugation delays (up to 180 min after venipuncture) in order to simulate prolonged sample transport between venipuncture and centrifugation.

Samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=80) into either serum or NaF/KOx and Glucomedics tubes. Glucose concentration was measured in samples centrifuged immediately after venipuncture and compared with tubes processed with a delay of 60, 120 and 180 min prior to centrifugation. Differences between baseline and respective delayed centrifugation glucose value for each tube type were tested using the paired t-test. Mean bias calculated for each tube type and delay protocol was compared to recommended quality specifications for glucose (2.2%).

Glucose concentrations measured in all three delayed tube types were lower in comparison to respective baseline glucose concentrations measured in immediately processed tube (p<0.001). The highest decrease in glucose was observed in serum tubes in all specified time points (p<0.001), while glucose was most stable in Glucomedics tubes (p<0.001). The decrease in glucose observed for serum and NaF/KOx tubes was clinically significant at all specified time points while the bias for Glucomedics tubes did not exceed the criteria even with a centrifugation delay of 180 min.

Glucose stability in un-centrifuged Glucomedics tubes is much superior to serum and NaF/KOx tubes. Glucomedics tubes can be left un-centrifuged for up to 3 h without affecting glucose concentration.
Differences in Muscle Activity During Cable Resistance Training Are Influenced by Variations in Handle Types
Authors: Rendos Nicole K. , Heredia Vargas Héctor M. , Alipio Taislaine C. , Regis Rebeca C. , Romero Matthew A. , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: December 2015

Rendos, NK, Heredia Vargas, HM, Alipio, TC, Regis, RC, Romero, MA, and Signorile, JF. Differences in muscle activity during cable resistance training are influenced by variations in handle types. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 2001–2009, 2016—There has been a recent resurgence in the use of cable machines for resistance training allowing movements that more effectively simulate daily activities and sports-specific movements. By necessity, these devices require a machine/human interface through some type of handle. Considerable data from material handling, industrial engineering, and exercise training studies indicate that handle qualities, especially size and shape, can significantly influence force production and muscular activity, particularly of the forearm muscles, which affect the critical link in activities that require object manipulation. The purpose for this study was to examine the influence of three different handle conditions: standard handle (StandH), ball handle with the cable between the index and middle fingers (BallIM), and ball handle with the cable between the middle and ring fingers (BallMR), on activity levels (rmsEMG) of the triceps brachii lateral and long heads (TriHLat, TriHLong), brachioradialis (BR), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digitorum (ED) during eight repetitions of standing triceps pushdown performed from 90° to 0° elbow flexion at 1.5 s per contractile stage. Handle order was randomized. No significant differences were seen for triceps or BR rmsEMG across handle conditions; however, relative patterns of activation did vary for the forearm muscles by handle condition, with more coordinated activation levels for the FCR and ED during the ball handle conditions. In addition, the rmsEMG for the ED was significantly higher during the BallIM than any other condition and during the BallMR than the StandH. These results indicate that the use of ball handles with the cable passing between different fingers can vary the utilization patterns of selected forearm muscles and may therefore be advantageous for coaches, personal trainers, therapists, or bodybuilders for targeted training or rehabilitation of these muscles.
Positional Match Running Performance in Elite Gaelic Football
Authors: Malone Shane , Solan Barry , Collins Kieran D. , Doran Dominic A.
Published: December 2015

Malone, S, Solan, B, Collins, KD, and Doran, DA. Positional match running performance in elite Gaelic football. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2292–2298, 2016—There is currently limited information available on match running performance in Gaelic football. The objective of the current study was to report on the match running profile of elite male Gaelic football and assess positional running performance. In this observational study, 50 elite male Gaelic football players wore 4-Hz global positioning systems units (VX Sports) across 30 competitive games with a total of 215 full game data sets collected. Activity was classed according to total distance, high-speed distance (≥17 km·h−1), sprint distance (≥22 km·h−1), mean velocity (km·h−1), peak velocity (km·h−1), and number of accelerations. The average match distance was 8,160 ± 1,482 m, reflective of a relative distance of 116 ± 21 m·min−1, with 1,731 ± 659 m covered at high speed, which is reflective of a relative high-speed distance of 25 ± 9 m·min−1. The observed sprint distance was 445 ± 169 m distributed across 44 sprint actions. The peak velocity was 30.3 ± 1.8 km·h−1 with a mean velocity of 6.5 ± 1.2 km·h−1. Players completed 184 ± 40 accelerations, which represent 2.6 ± 0.5 accelerations per minute. There were significant differences between positional groups for both total running distance, high-speed running distance, and sprint distance, with midfielders covering more total and high-speed running distance, compared with other positions (p < 0.001). There was a reduction in high-speed and sprint distance between the first and second half (p < 0.001). Reductions in running performance were position dependent with the middle 3 positions experiencing the highest decrement in performance. The current study is the first to communicate a detailed description of match running performance during competitive elite Gaelic football match play.
Influence of Age, Maturity, and Body Size on the Spatiotemporal Determinants of Maximal Sprint Speed in Boys
Authors: Meyers Robert W. , Oliver Jon L. , Hughes Michael G. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Cronin John B.
Published: December 2015

Meyers, RW, Oliver, JL, Hughes, MG, Lloyd, RS, and Cronin, JB. Influence of age, maturity, and body size on the spatiotemporal determinants of maximal sprint speed in boys. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1009–1016, 2017—The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age, maturity, and body size on the spatiotemporal determinants of maximal sprint speed in boys. Three-hundred and seventy-five boys (age: 13.0 ± 1.3 years) completed a 30-m sprint test, during which maximal speed, step length, step frequency, contact time, and flight time were recorded using an optical measurement system. Body mass, height, leg length, and a maturity offset represented somatic variables. Step frequency accounted for the highest proportion of variance in speed (∼58%) in the pre–peak height velocity (pre-PHV) group, whereas step length explained the majority of the variance in speed (∼54%) in the post-PHV group. In the pre-PHV group, mass was negatively related to speed, step length, step frequency, and contact time; however, measures of stature had a positive influence on speed and step length yet a negative influence on step frequency. Speed and step length were also negatively influence by mass in the post-PHV group, whereas leg length continued to positively influence step length. The results highlighted that pre-PHV boys may be deemed step frequency reliant, whereas those post-PHV boys may be marginally step length reliant. Furthermore, the negative influence of body mass, both pre-PHV and post-PHV, suggests that training to optimize sprint performance in youth should include methods such as plyometric and strength training, where a high neuromuscular focus and the development force production relative to body weight are key foci.
Validity of Urine Specific Gravity When Compared With Plasma Osmolality as a Measure of Hydration Status in Male and Female NCAA Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Sommerfield Lesley M. , McAnulty Steven R. , McBride Jeffrey M. , Zwetsloot Jennifer J. , Austin Melanie D. , Mehlhorn Jonathan D. , Calhoun Mason C. , Young Juliane O. , Haines Traci L. , Utter Alan C.
Published: December 2015

Sommerfield, LM, McAnulty, SR, McBride, JM, Zwetsloot, JJ, Austin, MD, Mehlhorn, JD, Calhoun, MC, Young, JO, Haines, TL, and Utter, AC. Validity of urine specific gravity when compared with plasma osmolality as a measure of hydration status in male and female NCAA collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2219–2225, 2016—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm) when compared with plasma osmolality (Posm) from euhydration to 3% dehydration and then a 2-hour rehydration period in male and female collegiate athletes. Fifty-six National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestlers (mean ± SEM); height 1.75 ± 0.01 m, age 19.3 ± 0.2 years, and body mass (BM) 78.1 ± 1.8 kg and 26 NCAA women's soccer athletes; height 1.64 ± 0.01 m, age 19.8 ± 0.3 years, and BM 62.2 ± 1.2 kg were evaluated. Hydration status was obtained by measuring changes in Posm, Uosm, Usg, and BM. Male and female subjects dehydrated to achieve an average BM loss of 2.9 ± 0.09% and 1.9 ± 0.03%, respectively. Using the medical diagnostic decision model, the sensitivity of Usg was high in both the hydrated and dehydrated state for males (92%) and females (80%). However, the specificity of Usg was low in both the hydrated and dehydrated states for males (10 and 6%, respectively) and females (29 and 40%, respectively). No significant correlations were found between Usg and Posm during either the hydrated or dehydrated state for males or females. Based on these results, the use of Usg as a field measure of hydration status in male and female collegiate athletes should be used with caution. Considering that athletes deal with hydration status on a regular basis, the reported low specificity of Usg suggests that athletes could be incorrectly classified leading to the unnecessary loss of competition.
Comparative Effects of Aerobic Training and Erythropoietin on Oxygen Uptake in Untrained Humans
Authors: Sieljacks Peter , Thams Line , Nellemann Birgitte , Larsen Mads Sørensen , Vissing Kristian , Christensen Britt
Published: December 2015

Sieljacks, P, Thams, L, Nellemann, B, Larsen, MS, Vissing, K, and Christensen, B. Comparative effects of aerobic training and erythropoietin on oxygen uptake in untrained humans. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2307–2317, 2016—The present study examines responses to 10 weeks of aerobic training and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max). Thirty-six healthy, untrained men were randomly assigned to sedentary-placebo (n = 9), sedentary-ESA (SE) (n = 9), training-placebo (TP) (n = 10), or training-ESA (TE) (n = 8). The participants were treated subcutaneously once weekly with ESA (darbepoietin-α, week 1–3; 40 μg and week 4–10; 20 μg) or a placebo for 10 weeks. The training consisted of supervised cycling 3 times per week for 1 hour at an average of 65% of maximal watt, with a progressive overload during the intervention period. V̇o
2max, wattmax, and hematological values were measured throughout the study. In addition, the total training workload and estimated energy consumption were recorded after each training session. ESA treatment increased hemoglobin (∼11 and ∼14%, p < 0.001) and hematocrit (∼12 and ∼13%, p < 0.001) in the SE and TE groups, respectively. The relative (but not absolute) increases in V̇o
2max were more pronounced (p < 0.01) in TE (27 ± 6%), compared with SE (15 ± 4%) but not TP (19 ± 4%), indicating that training is superior to ESA in stimulating V̇o
2max in untrained men. The increased oxygen uptake in the TE group did not result in higher absolute training workloads than in the TP group. In untrained men, training exhibits a greater stimulus for improvements in V̇o
2max than ESA treatment, without pronounced additive effects, which is supported by similar average training workloads and energy consumption in TP and TE. Thus, in untrained men, training alone seems sufficient to induce improvement in V̇o
2max.
Examining the Prevalence and Patterns of Multimorbidity in Canadian Primary Healthcare: A Methodologic Protocol using a National Electronic Medical Record Database
Authors: Nicholson Kathryn , Terry Amanda L. , Fortin Martin , Williamson Tyler , Bauer Michael , Thind Amardeep
Published: December 2015

In many developed countries, the burden of disease has shifted from acute to long-term or chronic diseases – producing new and broader challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and healthcare systems. Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases within an individual, is recognized as a significant public health and research priority. This protocol aims to examine the prevalence, characteristics, and changing burden of multimorbidity among adult primary healthcare (PHC) patients using electronic medical record (EMR) data. The objectives are two-fold: (1) to measure the point prevalence and clusters of multimorbidity among adult PHC patients; and (2) to examine the natural history and changing burden of multimorbidity over time among adult PHC patients. Data will be derived from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN). The CPCSSN database contains longitudinal, point-of-care data from EMRs across Canada. To identify adult patients with multimorbidity, a list of 20 chronic disease categories (and corresponding ICD-9 codes) will be used. A computational cluster analysis will be conducted using a customized computer program written in JAVA. A Cox proportional hazards analysis will be used to model time-to-event data, while simultaneously adjusting for provider- and patient-level predictors. All analyses will be conducted using STATA SE 13.1. This research is the first of its kind using a pan-Canadian EMR database, which will provide an opportunity to contribute to the international evidence base. Future work should systematically compare international research using similar robust methodologies to determine international and geographical variations in the epidemiology of multimorbidity.
Assessment of researches of retail internationalization impact on customer attitude
Authors: Rudienė Elzė
Published: December 2015

To date customer attitude about companies entering the market and their possible impact upon consumers has not frequently been the object of investigation within the internationalisation of retail trade. The objective of the present article is to assess the expectations of Lithuanian consumers and the extent to which their expectations where met following the entry into the national market of the world's largest furniture retail company, IKEA. The methodological basis for the present paper is an analysis of reference material on the internationalisation of retail trade examining cases of successes and failures of retail companies, exploring and understanding consumer expectations and the ways to meet such expectations, as well as peculiarities of entering different markets. The practical significance of the present survey is that it is a survey of consumer attitude prior to the company entering the market in another country, which would enable a potential retail entrant to know the expectations of consumers and thus take appropriate decisions. The second consumer survey would enable surveyors to determine to what extent the expectations of consumers have been met and what improvements the potential entrant should seek to make.
Aquatic macrophytes of six subtropical shallow lakes, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Sabrina Amaral , Trindade Cláudio Rossano Trindade , Albertoni Edélti Faria , Palma-Silva Cleber
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to document the richness of aquatic macrophytes in six shallow lakes at Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Qualitative surveys were carried out during 2008. Specimens were deposited at the university herbarium (HURG). We recorded 44 species belonging to 35 genera and 21 families. The majority of species were present all year. The family with highest diversity was Cyperaceae (eight species). Other studies have reported approximately 170 species for wetlands in the south of Brazil. This study documented approximately 25% of these species. The flora of the area should be preserved and monitored.
Mammals of medium and large size in a fragmented cerrado landscape in northeastern Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Lessa Leonardo G. , Alves Henrique , Geise Lena , Barreto Rebeca M. F.
Published: December 2015

The diversity of Brazilian mammals is among the highest of the world. However this exceptional diversity is still widely unknown and great part of it is seriously threatened by human activities. In the present study we estimated species richness and relative abundance of medium and large size mammals for the region of Brasilândia de Minas, a city situated in a fragmented and poorly studied cerrado area of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We obtained 63 records of 24 species, including eight species threatened with extinction. Our results support the hypothesis that many of the cerrado mammal species may be able to persist in fragmented agricultural landscapes. This paper shows that despite the anthropogenic disturbances detected, the studied area plays an important role in the conservation of medium and large size mammals in the cerrado biome.
Polychaetes of the North-Central Santa Catarina state, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Tito Cesar Marques de , Vivan Jorge Matheus , Pesserl Bruno Henrique , Lana Paulo Da Cunha
Published: December 2015

A preliminary checklist of polychaete species from the inner shelf of Santa Catarina state (S Brazil) is presented, based on material collected between 26°18’ S – 27°18’ S, in depths ranging from 5 to 15 m. The checklist comprises 46 species belonging to 18 families. Sigambra pettiboneae (Hartman-Schröeder, 1979) is newly reported for the Brazilian coast. Mediomastus californiensis Hartman, 1944, Ninoe brasiliensis Kinberg, 1865, Neanthes bruaca Lana and Sovierzoski, 1987 and Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers, 1901) occurred in all samples. The distribution range of 22 other species was extended to the Santa Catarina coast.
Amphibians and Reptiles from Paramakatoi and Kato, Guyana
Authors: MacCulloch Ross D. , Reynolds Robert P.
Published: December 2015

We report the herpetofauna of two neighboring upland locations in west-central Guyana. Twenty amphibian and 24 reptile species were collected. Only 40% of amphibians and 12.5% of reptiles were collected in both locations. This is one of the few collections made at upland (750–800 m) locations in the Guiana Shield.
A contribution to the knowledge of the orchid bee fauna of the Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Peru (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Authors: Niemack Reed S. , Bennett Daniel J. , Hinojosa-Diaz Ismael , Chaboo Caroline S.
Published: December 2015

This study provides a list of orchid bees collected from the Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Peru. Specimens were captured by luring them to aromatic baits, eucalyptus oil and methyl salicylate, over a five day period in June, 2011. A total of 93 individuals in three genera and 15 species were collected at two approximate, yet ecologically distinctive, sites. Results are consistent with previous reports on the diversity of Amazonian orchid bees.
Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalus didactylus (Izecksohn, 1971) and Zachaenus parvulus (Girard, 1853): distribution extension
Authors: Oliveira Jane C. F. de , Coco Lívia , Pagotto Renata Valls , Pralon Edicarlos , Vrcibradic Davor , Pombal Jr José P. , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte
Published: December 2015

We report geographic range extensions for two anuran species, Brachycephalus didactylus (Bachycephalidae) and Zachaenus parvulus (Cycloramphidae), recorded during a short-term herpetofaunal survey carried out at mid-elevation (600-900 m) Atlantic Forest sites at the Serra das Torres mountains (21°00’ S, 41°13’ W), in the state of Espírito Santo, SE Brazil. These two species are reported for the first time in Espírito Santo, representing the northernmost records for both of them and raising to 135 the number of anuran species currently known to occur in the state.
Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Hylodidae) in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil: A new record and comments on its conservation status
Authors: Bastiani Veluma Ialú Molinari De , Garcia Paulo Christiano de Anchieta , Lucas Elaine Maria
Published: December 2015

We present a new record of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 and the first record of this species in a conservation unit in Santa Catarina state. We also provide information on the habitat use and the conservation status of the species in the state.
Peterjamesia circumscripta (Leight.) D. Hawksw. (Roccellaceae: Ascomycota): First record to continental South America
Authors: Gumboski Emerson Luiz , Eliasaro Sionara
Published: December 2015

Peterjamesia circumscripta, previously known from Australia, Europe, North Africa, North and Central America, and Galapagos Islands was collected in southern Brazil. This is the first record of this species in continental South America.
Synapturanus rabus Pyburn, 1977 in Peru (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae): filling gap
Authors: López-Rojas Jhon J. , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F.
Published: December 2015

We report herein the second locality of Synapturanus rabus Pyburn, 1977 in Peru, based on specimens collected at Reserva Forestal Santa Cruz, department of Loreto. In addition, a general description of the call is provided.
Girardia festae (Borelli, 1898) (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae): distribution extension in a high-altitude lake from Colombia
Authors: Brusa Francisco , Negrete Lisandro , Herrera-Martínez Yimy , Herrando-Pérez Salvador
Published: December 2015

We revise the Neotropical distribution of Girardia festae (Platyhelminthes, Dugesiidae) following a new record in a Colombian high-altitude lake. G. festae is a freshwater planarian known mainly in the Andean Cordillera from Venezuela to Argentina. The species’ key reproductive features include: ventral testes, bottle-like penis papilla, and sperm ducts joining to the penis bulb latero-dorsally.
New country records for five species of Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 from Ecuador
Authors: Yánez-Muñoz Mario H. , Toral-Contreras Eduardo , Meza-Ramos Paúl A. , Reyes-Puig Juan P. , Bejarano-Muñoz E. Patricia , Mueses-Cisneros Jonh J. , Paucar Diego
Published: December 2015

Five new species of frogs from the genus Pristimantis are reported for Ecuador, thus extending the distribution range for these species, previously described only for the southern Andes of Colombia and the northern Andes of Peru. The diversity of Pristimantis in Ecuador increases to 148 species, adding five additional species to the total of 508 anurans already described for Ecuador.
Mammalia, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Molossus rufus É. Geoffroy, 1805: Distribution extension
Authors: Peters Felipe B. , Roth Paulo Ricardo de O. , Christoff Alexandre U.
Published: December 2015

This paper presents seven new records of occurrence of Molossus rufus for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, three from the Atlantic Forest Biome and four from the Pampa Biome. The southern limit of the known geographical distribution of this species in Brazil is extended by 159 km.
New records and distribution extensions of three species of Mesoclemmys Gray, 1863 (Testudines: Chelidae) in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, with observations on terrestrial movements
Authors: Brito Elizângela Silva de , Strüssmann Christine , Kawashita-Ribeiro Ricardo Alexandre , Morais Drausio Honório , Ávila Robson Waldemar , Campos Vitor Azarias
Published: December 2015

Distribution patterns of most of the 20 Neotropical freshwater turtles belonging to the family Chelidae are usually based on few locality records. We here report on vouchered records of three species of the chelid genus Mesoclemmys in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Presence of M. vanderhaegei is confirmed for the Amazon River Basin, and M. gibba and M. raniceps are recorded in Mato Grosso for the first time.
Towards the implementation of Computer-Aided Semiosis
Authors: Lascu Alina E. , Negulescu Sorin C. , Butaci Casian , Creţ Vasile
Published: December 2015

Computer-Aided Semiosis (CAS) is a concept coined by a team of researchers a couple of years ago. Since it is a promising domain due to the fact that responds to actual trans-cultural communication needed in the broad-band society - where often the message behind the words does not come clear - the subject ought being inquired more detailed as promised in other papers of the same authors. This interesting idea was inspired from Eco’s theory of communication which states that the receiver "fills the message with significance"; hence it is vital for any communication and is strongly dependent on the cultures involved. In line with Eco’s theory, the research in this area must be trans-disciplinary and anthropocentric. In the intention of narrowing the existing gap between the technological offers and user expectations the macro-architectural feature is that translation will progress from textual, semantically correct, to multimodal, culturally adequate, based on common concepts and "grammar" (rules to combine them into meaningful sentences); thus, this paper will present possible approaches towards the implementation of CAS. Given the fact the ontologies are considered to be the pillars of Semantic Web but also a key tool in implementing CAS, both will be a subject of this paper in the light of finding an implementation solution. The paper is structured on five sections: the first will present the defining aspects of the concept relating it with previous research; the second section will deal with CAS approach and architecture, following with the state of the art regarding ontologies and their relation with Semantic Web. Among the conclusions, one is already noticeable: CAS could not be possible without a trans-cultural ontology.
The Development of Students’ Metacognitive Competences. A Case Study
Authors: Mara Daniel
Published: December 2015

In the information society metacognitive competencies are essential. Based on some activities from the Enrichment Instrumental Program elaborated by professor Reuven Feuerstein we have designed a program for developing the students capacities of selfcontrol, selfknowing and intelectual learning strategies. The case study presents the formation of students’ metacognitive competences at the "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, "Hermann Oberth" Faculty of Enginereeing, Department of Computers Sciences. A Web based application has been developed in order to enable students to self-evaluate their metacognitive competencies and to acquire self-regulatory abilities.
Associação do trabalho infantil com transtornos de comportamento do tipo introversão e extroversão: um estudo transversal no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Dall’Agnol Marinel Mór , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Benvegnú Luís Antônio
Published: December 2015

Resumo Objetivo avaliar a associação entre trabalho infantil e transtornos de comportamento do tipo introversão e extroversão. Métodos estudo transversal com entrevistas domiciliares e aplicação do Child Behavior Check List em 1.608 jovens de 10 a 13 anos e 1.530 jovens de 14 a 17 anos da área urbana de Pelotas, Sul do Brasil. Resultados a prevalência do trabalho foi de 7,3% entre os mais jovens e de 20,7% entre os de mais idade, e a de transtornos de comportamento, de introversão, 25%, e de extroversão, 22%, sem diferença por idade. Análise multivariada (Poisson), estratificada por idade, mostrou associação entre extroversão e trabalho, com prevalência maior entre os mais novos e menor entre os mais velhos. Extroversão associou-se diretamente, nos mais novos, com serviços domésticos e construção civil, e inversamente, nos mais velhos, com serviços não domésticos. Não houve associação com introversão em nenhuma das faixas de idade. Para os mais velhos, o trabalho foi protetor para extroversão, em particular nos serviços não domésticos, porém há possibilidade de causalidade reversa. Discussão o prejuízo ao comportamento na faixa de 10 a 13 anos indica a necessidade de erradicação do trabalho infantil, com atenção especial ao serviço doméstico e à construção civil; o trabalho de adolescentes mais velhos em serviços não domésticos pode trazer benefícios ao comportamento.