bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Sheath Regions of Coronal Mass Ejections with or without Shocks from STEREO in situ Observations near 1 au
Authors: Salman Tarik M. , Lugaz Noé , Farrugia Charles J. , Winslow Reka M. , Jian Lan K. , Galvin Antoinette B.
Published: December 2020

We examine 188 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) measured by the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft during 2007–2016 to investigate the generic features of the CME sheath and the magnetic ejecta (ME) and dependencies of average physical parameters of the sheath on the ME. We classify the CMEs into three categories, focusing on whether the ME drives both a shock and sheath, or only a sheath, or neither, near 1 au. We also re-evaluate our initial classification through an automated algorithm and visual inspection. We observe that even for leading-edge speeds greater than 500 km s−1, 1 out of 4 MEs do not drive shocks near 1 au. MEs driving both shocks and sheaths are the fastest and propagate in high magnetosonic solar wind, whereas MEs driving only sheaths are the slowest and propagate in low magnetosonic solar wind. Our statistical and superposed epoch analyses indicate that all parameters are more enhanced in the sheath regions following shocks than in sheaths without shocks. However, differences within sheaths become statistically less significant for similar driving MEs. We also find that the radial thickness of ME-driven sheaths apparently has no clear linear correlation with the speed profile and associated Mach numbers of the driver.
The Impact of the Mass Spectrum of Lenses in Quasar Microlensing Studies. Constraints on a Mixed Population of Primordial Black Holes and Stars
Authors: Esteban-Gutiérrez A. , Agües-Paszkowsky N. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A. , Heydenreich S.
Published: December 2020

We show that quasar microlensing magnification statistics induced by a population of point microlenses distributed according to a mass spectrum can be very well approximated by that of a single-mass, monochromatic, population. When the spatial resolution (physically defined by the source size) is small compared with the Einstein radius, the mass of the monochromatic population matches the geometric mean (GM) of the mass spectrum. Otherwise, the best-fit mass can be larger. Taking into account the degeneracy with the GM, the interpretation of quasar microlensing observations under the hypothesis of a mixed population of primordial black holes and stars makes the existence of a significant population of intermediate mass black holes (∼100M
⊙) unlikely but allows, within a 2σ confidence interval, the presence of a large population (≳40% of the total mass) of substellar black holes (∼0.01M
⊙).
The Rapid Variability of Wave Electric Fields Within and Near Quasiperpendicular Interplanetary Shock Ramps: STEREO Observations
Authors: Cohen Z. A. , Cattell C. A. , Breneman A. W. , Davis L. , Grul P. , Kersten K. , Wilson III L. B. , Wygant J. R.
Published: December 2020

We present STEREO observations within 1500 proton gyroradii of 12 quasiperpendicular interplanetary shocks, with long-duration burst mode electric field acquisition by S/WAVES enabling observation of the evolution of waves throughout the entire ramp of interplanetary shocks. The shocks are low Mach number (M

f
∼ 1–5), with beta (β) ∼0.2–1.8. High variability in frequency, amplitude, and wave mode is observed upstream, downstream, and in shock ramps. Observations in every region include ion acoustic-like waves, electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) driven waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and high frequency whistler mode waves. We also show for the first time the existence of electrostatic waves with frequencies in the ion acoustic range, which are frequency dispersed in time and the first observations of ECDI-driven waves at interplanetary shocks. The waves are bursty, large amplitude (∼5–>200 mV m−1), and seen in all three regions. All wave modes are more commonly observed downstream than upstream.
Stochastic and Quasi-adiabatic Electron Heating in Quasi-parallel Shocks
Authors: Stasiewicz Krzysztof , Eliasson Bengt
Published: December 2020

Using Magnetospheric Multiscale observations at the Earth’s quasi-parallel bow shock we demonstrate that electrons are heated by two different mechanisms: a quasi-adiabatic heating process during magnetic field compression, characterized by the isotropic temperature relation

T

/

B
=

(

T

0

/

B

0

)
(

B

0

/

B
)

α

with α = 2/3 when the electron heating function

∣

χ

e

∣
<
1

, and a stochastic heating process when

∣

χ

e

∣
>
1

. Both processes are controlled by the value of the stochastic heating function

χ

j

=

m

j

q

j

−
1

B

−
2

div
(

E

⊥

)

for particles with mass m

j
and charge q

j
in the electric and magnetic fields

E

and

B

. Test-particle simulations are used to show that the stochastic electron heating and acceleration in the studied shock are accomplished by waves at frequencies (0.4–5) f

ce
(electron gyrofrequency) for bulk heating, and waves

f
>
5

f

ce

for acceleration of the tail of the distribution function. Stochastic heating can give rise to flat-top electron distribution functions, frequently observed near shocks. It is also shown that obliquely polarized electric fields of electron cyclotron drift and ion acoustic instabilities scatter the electrons into the parallel direction and keep the isotropy of the electron distribution. The results reported in this paper may be relevant to electron heating and acceleration at interplanetary shocks and other astrophysical shocks.
Blind Prediction of the Returning Image of Supernova Refsdal from a New Lens Model of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J1149.5+2223
Authors: Chen Wenlei , Kelly Patrick L. , Williams Liliya L. R.
Published: December 2020

We present a preliminary gravitational lensing model for the galaxy-cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 constructed using a new, lensing-potential curving modeling method under development. Multiple images identified before 2015 are used to constrain the model, and we aim to provide a prediction of the relative time delay of the reappearance SN Refsdal before its final measurement is unblinded to us. The predicted time delay of S2-S4 and SX images of SN Refsdal relative to S1 are 9.13 ± 2.63 days, 5.58 ± 3.78 days, 18.98 ± 2.55 days and −332.35 ± 9.32 days, assuming H
0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1. Our calculation of the uncertainties is currently under development, and those given above are expected to be underestimated, since they are derived from only a single, best-fitting model.
The Effect of Brown Rice on Superoxide Dismutase Level and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in an Sprague–Dawley Rat Model of High-fat High-fructose Diet-induced Obesity
Authors: Kusumastuty Inggita , Handayani Dian , Hanifa Shafira , Lisan Melinda , Sulistyowati Etik
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Obesity can cause oxidative stress due to the release of free radical components or reactive oxygen species. The accumulation of excess fat in obesity also causes the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Brown rice is a functional food with higher fiber, vitamin, mineral, and antioxidant contents than those in white rice.
AIM: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of brown rice on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and non-alcoholic fatty liver in obese Sprague–Dawley rats.
METHODS: An experimental study using a post-test-only control group design was carried out on a Sprague–Dawley rat model of obesity-induced by a high-fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Sample selection was done through simple random sampling; rats were divided into five groups, namely the normal diet group (K−), the HFHF diet group (K+), and HFHF diet groups with the addition of brown rice dose I (P1), dose II (P2), and dose III (P3). The measured variable was the SOD level measured using the spectrophotometric method and the calculation of the percentage of fatty liver cells on the results of a hematoxylin-eosin liver scan of a rat’s right lobe.
RESULTS: The dose of brown rice was not affected body weight of the rats significantly compared to the control groups. Then, there were significant differences in the SOD level and fatty liver in at least two groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the administration of brown rice contributes to the increasing SOD level and decreasing fatty liver in obese model rats.
Successful Long-Term Treatment with Azacitidine in Patient with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Čemažar Luka , Podgornik Helena , Šimec Njetočka Gredelj , Zver Samo
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article was to present a case of successful long term treatment with azacitidine in patient with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) and discussing possible contributing factors for its long term efficacy. Data from our case were compared with similar data available in the literature. Effective treatment with azacitidine resulted in overall survival of 11 years 5 months and we showed that applying multiple cycles of treatment is feasible. Our patient received 71 cycles of treatment with total duration of 7 years and 3 months. Our report about a patient with CMML and a good clinical course revealed, that long term treatment with azacitidine is feasible in some patients. Initially low bone marrow blast count, a relatively small malignant CMML clone, reduction of spleen size and fast platelet response seemed to be factors determining long term response to treatment in our patient. More data on CMML treatment by Hypomethylating Agents and their analysis are needed in order to make firm conclusions.
Case report: vegetable gardens in rural schools and environmental education
Authors: Salles Sylvia Helena Espíndola , Lins Giovanna Brito , Labinas Adriana Mascarette , Sousa Maria Lúcia Paulino Silva , Aoyama Elisa Mitsuko , Furlan Marcos Roberto
Published: December 2020

In schools, a vegetable garden can enable the development of various pedagogical activities in environmental education and food reeducation, as it can unite theory and practice in a contextualized way. The objective of the present work was to implant gardens in rural municipal schools, analyze their potentialities as a didactic resource for the disciplines of elementary school and verify if they can contribute to environmental education and food reeducation. The gardens were planted at schools located in the rural area of the municipality of Taubaté, State of São Paulo. In addition to activities with teachers and students, there was also a demonstration of agricultural practices to community producers. After conducting vegetable garden-related activities with students, an analysis of the interaction with other subjects in the curriculum was carried out. As main results, it was observed that, in addition to connecting the theoretical concepts of the disciplines to the daily lives of students and the community, a vegetable garden at school assists in the development of content in a multidisciplinary way and promotes critical formation of students and teachers regarding the use of environmental and food resources. Observation of the participants related to the gardening activities supports the conclusion that the garden in the school environment significantly facilitated the development of themes related to environmental education and food reeducation.
Improving OBDD attacks against stream ciphers
Authors: Hamann Matthias , Krause Matthias , Moch A
Published: December 2020

При атаках на поточные шифры диаграммами последовательных бинарных решений (ДПБР) секретное начальное состояние вычисляется с помощью набора из $\mathcal{O}(n)$ ДПБР максимальной ширины $\mathcal{O}(2^{\frac{1-\alpha}{1+\alpha}n})$, где $n$ - длина внутреннего состояния, а $\alpha\in (0,1)$ - степень сжатия шифра. Предложен и экспериментально проверен следующий способ обходиться без памяти большого объема $\mathcal{O}(2^{\frac{1-\alpha}{1+\alpha}n})$. (1) Строить одновременно пары таких ДПБР $P$ и $Q$, что для $P \wedge Q$ существует мало решений. (2) Вычислять множество $(P \wedge Q)^{-1}(1)$, содержащее секретное внутреннее состояние, новым алгоритмом, основанным на поиске в ширину. Показано, что этот подход существенно улучшает характеристики стандартных ДПБР-атак.
Оценки расстояния по вариации между распределениями двух наборов независимых случайных величин
Authors: Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

Получены явные нижние и верхние оценки расстояний по вариации между распределениями наборов $(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ и $(Y_1,\ldots,Y_n)$ независимых, но не обязательно одинаково распределенных (внутри каждого набора) случайных величин в терминах расстояний по вариации $\rho_k$ между распределениями отдельных компонент $X_k$ и $Y_k$, $k=1,\ldots,n$. Оценки для случая однородных выборок были опубликованы в этом журнале в 2018 г. Качественно полученные в настоящей работе оценки согласуются с оценками для однородных случаев.
Оценки количества чисел со специальным разложением на простые множители. II
Authors: Rybakov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

Предлагаются методы вычисления значений некоторых обобщений известной функции Дикмана, позволяющие оценивать количество целых чисел в интервале большой длины, разлагающихся на простые множители со специфическими ограничениями. Методы основаны на найденных ранее автором интегральных формулах, обобщающих известные формулы из работ Р. Ламберта и В.Х. Эккелькамп.
Online marketplace: student consumer strategies
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Novgorodtseva Anastasia N. , Tomyuk Olga N. ,   Ural State Law University, Dyachkova Margarita A. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Piankova Maria P. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The Internet is becoming a part of everyday life; it is in this space that communication, purchases, and payment for various services are carried out. Young people are the most dynamic social group that has long mastered the Internet market with its advantages, namely, comparing prices, book products, and buy at discounts. Materials and methods. The quantitative data collection method is used for studying young people’s consumer strategies in the Internet market and understand the prevalence of online shopping practices. This task led to the application of the survey and the analysis of the data obtained. Comprehension of values and behavioral practices in consumer groups (generally active experts, partially active experts, passive experts) is based on a qualitative strategy in the form of semi-formalized interviews. Research results, their discussion. The factors of the popularity of the Internet market among students have been determined: activity on the Internet and social networks, attractive prices for goods, an expanded range of goods; it was found that such categories of goods as tickets, music, software, and food delivery are frequently purchased via the Internet; it was revealed that the frequency of online purchases varies from “once every six months” to “once every 1-3 months”, while a purchase does not always accompany a visit to an online store. The survey showed that the most preferable for young people are such services, Internet catalogs, the possibility of placing a preliminary order, booking goods with subsequent self-pickup. Conclusions. The study made it possible to establish a trend towards increasing online purchases among students in the Internet market as a consumer platform with new consumption practices.
Systematization of the EAEU legal sources in the field of regulation of the service market in science
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Berg Lyudmila N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The law of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter – the EAEU) contains provisions aimed at organizing scientific cooperation (and cooperation in the field of innovation) of its member states. The subject of this research is the totality of sources of the Eurasian Economic Union law in the field of regulation of the services market in science. The purpose of the research is to systematize the legal sources, containing norms governing relations in the services market in the field of scientific activity. Materials and methods. The methodology of scientific research includes the dialectical method, General scientific logical operations (deductions and inductions, analysis and synthesis) and specific scientific methods (legalistic, comparative legal). Results. As a result of the research, the author presents a system of sources of the EAEU law, norms in the field of legal regulation of scientific activities and scientific cooperation within the framework of the Eurasian economic integration: the Treaty on the EAEU, international multilateral and unilateral agreements implemented in the EAEU legal framework, normative acts adopted by the Supreme Economic Council and the EAEU Economic Commission. Conclusion. The research results are applicable in further theoretical studies of the Eurasian economic integration and the EAEU law and have practical significance for the systematization of the legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union, development of legal techniques, EAEU lawmaking.
Megalithic Skyscapes in Galicia
Authors: González García A. César , Criado-Boado Felipe , Vilas Estévez Benito
Published: December 2020

We present the results of our analysis of two singular Neolithic monuments and two prominent megalithic groups in Galicia. The two singular monuments are the dolmen of Dombate (Baio, Coruña county), perhaps the largest megalithic chamber in Galicia (or at least the most investigated and well-known) that houses an elaborate decorative program with engravings and paintings, and Forno dos Mouros (Bocelo mountains, Coruña county), also housing paintings and belonging to a bigger group aligned along an historical path following the mountain ridge. Both chambers house interesting illumination effects. The group analysis concerns the Barbanza (Coruña county) and Leboreiro, (Ourense county and borderland with Portugal) necropoleis. There, we find that apart from chamber orientation, location and spatial relations of the monuments within the landscape, the monuments incorporate skyscape associations that complemented and dialogued with that of the chamber orientations. Besides, if the particular directions that we find are related to the movements of the sun and/or moon they may indicate the appropriate ritual time for the dead. Of course, skyscape is not the only or the main factor to explain the location of the mounds within the necropolis but are part of a complex system of relations making those monuments part of a cultural landscape. When taking all factors into consideration a complex picture emerges where we can env
http://www.cultureandcosmos.org/pdfs/21/CCv21_12Malville.pdf
Authors: Malville J. McKim , Ninnemann John L.
Published: December 2020

Archaeoastronomy is a discipline born at the intersection of cultural anthropology and the science of astronomy. As such, practitioners apply a variety of approaches. It is agreed, however, that casual naked-eye observation is not enough to convincingly assert the significance of prehistoric structures, alignments, and symbols. Although they can be equally creative, science differs from literary fiction in its strong preference for hypotheses that are testable and falsifiable by reproducible evidence. Digital photography is one of several tools in the field that bridges the gap between observation, essential documentation, and a search for meaning. A digital file yields both an archival image and unalterable EXIF time/date metadata. We present examples of the utility of digital photography in our studies of archaeoastronomy in the southwestern United States featuring Chimney Rock Pueblo, Yucca House Pueblo, Yellow Jacket Pueblo, Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park, and Fajada Butte in Chaco Canyon.
Edward Burne-Jones’s The Planets: Luna, A Celestial Sphere
Authors: Cheney Liana De Girolami
Published: December 2020

Edward Burne-Jones (1833–98), a Pre-Raphaelite painter, was fascinated with astronomy as noted in his memorials and accounts. In 1879 he executed cartoon drawings for a cycle on the planets for the artisans of the William Morris firm, who would transform them into stained-glass windows. The commission was for the decoration of Woodlands, the Victorian home of Baron Angus Holden (1833–1912), a mayor of Bradford. Presently, seven of the cartoons – The Moon (Luna), Earth (Terra), Sol (Apollo), Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and Evening Star) – are in the Torre Abbey Museum in Torquay, UK, while the cartoon for Mars is part of the collection of drawings at the Birmingham Museum of Art, UK, and the drawing Morning Star is located at Lady Margaret Hall in Oxford, UK. In the creation of the Planets cycle, Burne-Jones was inspired by cultural events of the time, such as British scientific astronomical discoveries and British and Italian humanistic sources in literature and visual arts portraying astronomy. This essay examines – art historically and iconographically – only one of the eight planets, the cartoon of Luna (The Moon) as an astral planetary formation and a celestial sphere. This study is composed of two sections. The first section discusses the history of the artistic commission and the second section explains some of Burne-Jones’s cultural sources for the Planets cycle and the Moon, both of which partake of heavenly and terrestrial realms.
Artificial Neural Network Model for Hepatitis C Stage Detection
Authors:   Rangamati Science and Technology University, Sarma Dhiman , Mittra Tanni ,   East West University, Hoq Muntasir ,   East Delta University, Haque Promila ,   East Delta University, Quasem Farah ,   East Delta University, Alam Mohammad Jahangir ,   Southern University Bangladesh, Bhuiya Md. Abdul Motaleb ,   University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Hossain Sohrab ,   East Delta University
Published: December 2020

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2015, WHO reports that 71 million people were living with HCV, and 1.34 million died. In 2017, 13.1 million infected people knew their diagnosis and around 5 million patients were treated. HCV can cause acute and chronic hepatitis, where 20% of chronic hepatitis progresses to final-stage chronic liver cancer. Currently, no vaccine of HCV exists, and no effective treatments are available for demolishing the progression of hepatitis C. So spotting the stages of the disease is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic management of infected patients. This paper attempts to detect stages of hepatitis C virus so that further diagnosis and medication of hepatitis patients can be prescribed. It uses a supervised artificial neural network to make a prediction. Evaluation of results is done by cross-validation using the holdout method. Hepatitis C Egyptian-patients' dataset from UCI Machine Learning Repository is used for feeding the algorithms. The research succeeds to detect the hepatitis C stages and achieves an accuracy of 97%.
Análisis del mercado laboral en Andalucía: factores determinantes del empleo y perfil del trabajador
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Francisca J. , Sánchez Sánchez Ana Mª.
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se estudian características sociales y laborales de los trabajadores en la región de Andalucía, realizando un diagnóstico de la realidad sociolaboral en el año 2017. Se aplica un modelo de elección discreta de tipo Logit y un Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiple. Los resultados muestran que la situación laboral de los trabajadores está determinada por factores socioculturales, como el género, el nivel de estudios y la edad. El perfil del trabajador indica que existe una relación directa entre la edad y el nivel de estudios con las condiciones laborales. La crisis económica y financiera tiene un mayor impacto sobre las condiciones laborales de los hombres en mayor medida que en las mujeres.
الترجمة االنجليزية للمصطلحات المالية الواردة في صحيح البخاري:
دراسة نقدية إلسهامات الدكتور محسن خان
Authors: Azim Siddiqi Yousuf , Hasan Aznan , Hasan Rusni
Published: December 2020

يعتبر كتاب صحيح البخاري من أرفع الكتب منزلةً لدى المسلمين بعد القرآن الكريم. إلى يومنا هذا، توجد ترجمة واحدة باللغة الإنجليزية للكتاب التي قام بها الدكتور محمد محسن خان. هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى النظر في مدى صحة ترجمة الأجزاء المختارة من خلال دراسة البحث النوعي والمقارن. تم تقسيم الدارسة إلى ٦ أجزاء: أولاً التعريف بالجامع الصحيح، ومختصره، وثانياً: التعريف بترجمة التجريد الصريح ومؤلفه، وثالثاً: بيان الترجمة الخاطئة للمصطلحات، ورابعاً: بيان الترجمة غير الدقيقة للمصطلحات، وخامساً: بيان التعريف غير الدقيق للمصطلحات، وسادساً: بيان المصطلحات غير المترجمة. في نهاية البحث، يقترح الباحث أن يتم تشكيل لجنة رفيعة المستوى من أجل إعادة النظر في الترجمة المطبوعة بناء على ما ورد في ترجمات المراجع الفقهية التي صدرت في السنوات القريبة.
A Multifunction Infant Incubator Monitoring System with Phototherapy and ESP-32 Based Mechanical Swing
Authors: Fadilla Rafa , Andi Nurul Isri Indriany Idhil  , Monika Ayu Puji Anggraini  , Ajeng Kusuma Dewi  , Mochammad Rofi Sanjaya  , Muhammad Yogi Nurrohman  , Rahmadwati
Published: December 2020

Many infant mortality rates are due to premature events. Premature babies are at high risk for hypothermia and hyperbilirubinemia. To overcome this, an incubator can be used as a warmer and light therapy as blue light therapy for yellow babies. However, both medical devices have still been found using manual control. If the health worker is tired of working and manually controlling both devices, it can put the baby at risk. Multifunctional infant incubator based on ESP32, which is an infant incubator equipped with phototherapy and a mechanical swing. This multifunctional baby incubator has the ability to warm the baby's body, the baby yellow light therapy, and can calm the baby when crying. This tool can be monitored remotely using the Internet of Things (IoT). The sensors used are the DHT22 sensor and the sound sensor. Multifunctional baby incubator can make it easier for hospital or basic health care facility level to monitor baby's health in real time without being at the device location and the resulting data can be stored neatly.
On Equienergetic, Hyperenergetic and Hypoenergetic Graphs
Authors: VAIDYA SAMIR K. , POPAT KALPESH
Published: December 2020

The eigenvalue of a graph G is the eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix and the energy E(G) is the sum of absolute values of eigenvalues of graph G. Two non-isomorphic graphs G1 and G2 of the same order are said to be equienergetic if E(G1) = E(G2). The graphs whose energy is greater than that of complete graph are called hyperenergetic and the graphs whose energy is less than that of its order are called hypoenergetic graphs. The natural question arises: Are there any pairs of equienergetic graphs which are also hyperenergetic (hypoenergetic)? We have found an aﬃrmative answer of this question and contribute some new results.
A New Class of Integrals Involving Generalized Hypergeometric Function and Multivariable Aleph-Function
Authors: KUMAR DINESH , AYANT FRÉDÉRIC , KUMAR DEVENDRA
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to evaluate an interesting integral involving generalized hypergeometric function and the multivariable Aleph-function. The integral is evaluated with the help of an integral involving generalized hypergeometric function obtained recently by Kim et al. [?]. The integral is further used to evaluate an interesting summation formula concerning the multivariable Aleph-function. A few interesting special cases and corollaries have also been discussed.
Desentrañando los sentidos del anillo de matrimonio
Authors: Nieto Víctor Alfonso
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se presenta el resultado de una exploración del valor simbólico del anillo de matrimonio en el contexto contemporáneo de la Ciudad de México, con base en la triple relación usuario-objeto-discurso; el caso se centra en mujeres usuarias. ¿Qué significa el anillo de matrimonio desde el punto de vista institucional?, ¿cómo transforman los usuarios, más concretamente las mujeres, dicho significado?, ¿con qué elementos contextuales se relacionan los posibles sentidos de la argolla? Son las interrogantes que se abordarán en este texto, en el cual se presenta el resultado de una pesquisa centrada en usos normativos y no normativos del anillo de matrimonio.
La backpack como símbolo: El caso de la Facultad de Idiomas de la UABJO, México
Authors: Santiago Erika
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se explora el valor simbólico de la backpack (mochila que se porta en la espalda), con base en un estudio de caso. El trabajo de campo se realizó en la Facultad de Idiomas de la Universidad Estatal de Oaxaca (UABJO), México, durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero y junio del 2013. Mediante la observación minuciosa de los usos que un grupo determinado de estudiantes dan a este objeto, se pretende desentrañar sus posibles significados más allá de la función normativa de portar las pertenencias.
Clinical Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ruan Wen , Yap Jonathan JL , Quah Kevin KH , Cheah Foong Koon , Phuah Ghee Chee , Sewa Duu Wen , Ismail Aidila Binte , Chia Alicia XF , Jenkins David , Tan Ju Le , Chao Victor TT , Lim Soo Teik
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a known sequela after acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a debilitating disease, and potentially fatal if left untreated. This review provides a clinically relevant overview of the disease and discusses the usefulness and limitations of the various investigational and treatment options. Methods: A PubMed search on articles relevant to pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary endarterectomy, and balloon pulmonary angioplasty were performed. A total of 68 articles were found to be relevant and were reviewed. Results: CTEPH occurs as a result of non-resolution of thrombotic material, with subsequent fibrosis and scarring of the pulmonary arteries. Risk factors have been identified, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The cardinal symptom of CTEPH is dyspnoea on exertion, but the diagnosis is often challenging due to lack of awareness. The ventilation/perfusion scan is recommended for screening for CTEPH, with other modalities (eg. dual energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography) also being utilised in expert centres. Conventional pulmonary angiography with right heart catherisation is important in the final diagnosis of CTEPH. Conclusion: Operability assessment by a multidisciplinary team is crucial for the management of CTEPH, as pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) remains the guideline recommended treatment and has the best chance of cure. For inoperable patients or those with residual disease post-PEA, medical therapy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty are potential treatment options. Keywords: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty, Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary endarterectomy, Pulmonary hypertension
Sedation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit—A Practice-Based Approach
Authors: Wong Irene MJ , Thangavelautham Suhitharan , Loh Sean CH , Ng Shin Yi , Murfin Brendan , Shehabi Yahya
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Critically ill patients often require sedation for comfort and to
facilitate therapeutic interventions. Sedation practice guidelines provide an evidencebased framework with recommendations that can help improve key sedation-related
outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a narrative review of current
guidelines and recent trials on sedation. Results: From a practice perspective, current
guidelines share many limitations including lack of consensus on the definition
of light sedation, optimal frequency of sedation assessment, optimal timing for
light sedation and consideration of combinations of sedatives. We proposed several
strategies to address these limitations and improve outcomes: 1) early light sedation
within the first 48 hours with time-weighted monitoring (overall time spent in
light sedation in the first 48 hours—sedation intensity—has a dose-dependent
relationship with mortality risk, delirium and time to extubation); 2) provision of
analgesia with minimal or no sedation where possible; 3) a goal-directed and balanced
multimodal approach that combines the benefits of different agents and minimise
their side effects; 4) use of dexmedetomidine and atypical antipsychotics as a
sedative-sparing strategy to reduce weaning-related agitation, shorten ventilation
time and accelerate physical and cognitive rehabilitation; and 5) a bundled approach
to sedation that provides a framework to improve relevant clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: More effort is required to develop a practical, time-weighted sedation
scoring system. Emphasis on a balanced, multimodal appraoch that targets light
sedation from the early phase of acute critical illness is important to achieve optimal
sedation, lower mortality, shorten time on ventilator and reduce delirium.
Ann Acad Med Singapore;49:215–25
Key words: Analgesia, Benzodiazepine, Critical Care, Dexmedetomidine, Propofol
Temporal Trends and Patient Characteristics Associated With Drug Utilisation After First-Ever Stroke: Insights From Chronic Disease Registry Data in Singapore
Authors: Yeo See-Hwee , Toh Matthias Paul HS , Lee Sze Haur , Seet Raymond CS , Wong Lai Yin , Yau Wai-Ping
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Data on drug utilisation among stroke patients of Asian ethnicities are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the temporal trends and patient characteristics associated with prescription of thrombolytic, antithrombotic and statin medications among patients with first-ever stroke. Materials and Methods: First-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to 2 Singapore tertiary hospitals between 2010‒2014 were included. Data were extracted from the National Healthcare Group Chronic Disease Management System. Association between drug utilisation and admission year, as well as characteristics associated with drug use, were explored using multivariable logistic regression. Results: There was an increasing trend in the combined use of all 3 guideline medications in ischaemic stroke patients (P<0.001) ―specifically thrombolytic agents (P <0.001), oral antithrombotics (P = 0.002) and statins (P = 0.003) at discharge. Among antithrombotics, the use of clopidogrel (P <0.001) and aspirinclopidogrel (P <0.001) had increased, whereas prescription of dipyridamole (P <0.001) and aspirin-dipyridamole (P <0.001) had declined. For statins, the increase in atorvastatin prescription (P <0.001) was accompanied by decreasing use of simvastatin (P <0.001). Age, ethnicity and certain comorbidities (hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease) were associated with the combined use of all 3 guideline medications (P <0.05). In haemorrhagic stroke, prescription of statins at discharge were comparatively lower. Conclusion: This study reveals changes in prescription behaviour over time in a multiethnic Asian population with first-ever stroke. Patient characteristics including younger age, Malay ethnicity and certain comorbidities (i.e. hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation) were associated with the combined use of all 3 guideline medications among ischaemic stroke patients. Key words: Antithrombotics, Asian, Statins, Thrombolytic agents
Environmental Awareness and the Use of Disposable Plastic
Authors:   Patumwan Demonstration School, Bangkok, Thailand, Wongklaw Araya
Published: December 2020

Disposable plastic pollution has become one of the biggest environmental issues. It is evident that single-use plastic products are cheap, versatile, lightweight, resistant, easily available everywhere, which has made them very popular among people around the globe. However, in many countries, single-use plastic shopping bags are the main source of rubbish, causing pollution impacting the environment and biodiversity. Although a lot of people understand harmful effects of plastic pollution, most people still keep using single-use plastic products. Due to these problems, our study aims to 1) understand the relationship between awareness about plastic pollution and the use of disposable plastic products, 2) explore students’ behaviors, knowledge, and awareness in reducing global warming caused by the overuse of plastic products, 3) observe the students’ attitude toward the impacts of disposable plastic pollution, and 4) raise participants’ awareness about environmental issues among a group of Thai high school students. Data were collected using a questionnaire asking about participants’ global warming knowledge, behaviors, and opinions about plastic usage. Survey samples, including Triamudomsuksanomklao students, were randomly selected through a random sampling method with a total of 307 students (100 males, 182 females, and 25 others). The majority of participants understood how harmful plastic pollution is to the environment. Our results revealed that participants’ knowledge and awareness were at high levels. Nevertheless, statistical analyses showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of awareness about plastic pollution and behavioral change, i.e. trying to avoid and reduce the use of one-time plastic bags or stop using plastic straws.
ABORDAGEM CRÍTICA ACERCA DO PROCESSO EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRO, ENQUANTO INSTRUMENTO DE SEGURANÇA NACIONAL
Authors: Lopes Jorge Arantes
Published: December 2020

O povo, enquanto um dos elementos do Estado, revela-se componenteimportantíssimo para a Segurança Nacional. Trata-se de um fato axiomático.Entretanto, ao que parece, o poder público brasileiro, consorciado com inconfessáveisinteresses das elites econômicas e políticas, ao longo dos séculos, não se deu contadisso. Os sistemas educacionais implantados, desde o período colonial até os diasatuais, são, em sua essência, altamente elitistas e excludentes, promovendo umadramática marginalização das camadas populares que se veem impossibilitadas deascender ao nível de conhecimento e do exercício da cidadania e, portanto, semperspectivas de melhorias sociais. Por outro lado, ao impedirem a construção dacidadania destas classes, o poder público e as elites assumem o risco de formaremum povo amorfo, desprovido de princípios éticos e morais, despolitizado, prenhe decomplexos coloniais, afeto ao jeitinho brasileiro e a comportamentos desviantes e,totalmente, alheio e desvinculado dos interesses nacionais. Daí a importância de sepermitir a formação da cidadania do povo brasileiro, e o caminho não é outro senãoo da educação de qualidade, voltada para este fim.
AGRICULTURA COMO COMPONENTE DA POLÍTICA DE SEGURANÇA NACIONAL
Authors: Pérez Daniel Vidal , Lobo Lameiras Fortunato
Published: December 2020

As fatalidades derivadas da fome podem superar as mortes em uma guerraconvencional. Por isso, a alimentação de uma nação deveria ser consideradacomo assunto da Segurança Nacional. No entanto, o conceito de SegurançaNacional só evoluiu nessa direção com o fim da Guerra Fria e com a percepçãopública de que as Mudanças Globais poderiam exacerbar tensões relacionadasà escassez de alimentos e água. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresentauma evolução conceitual da questão alimentar dentro do contexto da SegurançaNacional. A situação do Brasil é contrastada para cenários internacionaisdescritos em literatura na tentativa de ganhar maior atenção do Ministério deDefesa em relação a agricultura brasileira, devido ao seu importante papel nascinco expressões do poder nacional.
KAJIAN KONSEP KESELAMATAN DALAM KITAB YUNUS
Authors: Marbun Tolop
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This article examines about the concept of salvation based the book of Jonah. Jonah is one of the book which speaks salvation for the Gentiles. The book of Jonah will give insightful idea to answer some of the topics in salvation. The method is narrative method which is focused on contextualiztion. As the result salvation which is the sailaors experience are physical and spiritual salvation, Johan experienced salvation from the death and Niniwe experience complete salvation. 

Keyword: Salvation, physical, spiritual

Abrstrak: Atikel ini membahas tentang konsep keselamatan dalam kitab Yunus. Kitab Yunus adalah salah satu kita yang berbicara keselamatan bagi bangsa-bangsa asing. Kitab Yunus akan menjawab beberapa topik dalam keselamatan. Metode yang digunakan metode narasi dengan fokus kontekstualisasi. Hasilnya adalah keselamatan yang dialami oleh para pelayar adalah keselamatan secara fisik dan spiritual, Yunus selamat dari kematian, dan orang Niniwe mengalami keselamatan yang seutuhnya.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN TENTANG KESELAMATAN DALAM KEPERCAYAAN MARAPU DENGAN IMAN KRISTEN
Authors: Selan Yunus , Kadiwano Marlince
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This research is a study to find out the concept of safety in Marapu customs. Then compare it with the concept of salvation in Christianity based on the teachings of the Bible. By using qualitative research, several different and irreconcilable concepts were found. Marapu believes that the salvation that is obtained after death is the unity of life with the ancestors and families who have died. Safety in Marapu belief will be obtained when a person in his lifetime always obeys all the rules set by the ancestors. This is contrary to the teachings of the Bible. Since real salvation is found only in Christ Jesus, the apostle Peter confirmed it in Acts 4:12; "And salvation is not in anyone but in Him, for under heaven there is no other name given to man by which we can be saved".

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan studi untuk mencari tahu konsep keselamatan dalam adat istiadat Marapu. Kemudian membandingkannya dengan konsep keselamatan dalam kekristenan berdasarkan ajaran Alkitab. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif maka ditemukan beberapa konsep yang berbeda dan tidak dapat diharmoniskan. Marapu percaya bahwa, keselamatan yang diperoleh setelah kematian merupakan persatuan kehidupan bersama para leluhur serta keluarga yang telah meninggal. Keselamatan dalam kepercayaan Marapu akan diperoleh ketika seseorang dalam masa hidupnya selalu mentaati semua peraturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh leluhur. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan ajaran Alkitab. Karena keselamatan yang sesungguhnya hanya diperoleh dalam Kristus Yesus, rasul Petrus menegaskan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 4:12; “Dan keselamatan tidak ada di dalam siapa pun juga selain di dalam Dia, sebab di bawah kolong langit ini tidak ada nama lain yang diberikan kepada manusia yang olehnya kita dapat diselamatkan.”
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI ERA DISRUPSI DAN PANDEMI
Authors: Tefbana Abraham , Kia A. Dan
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Era disrupsi tidak hanya sebagai gangguan terhadap kestabilan, kemapanan, dan kenyamanan, tapi harus dimaknai, dipandang  dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sebuah peluang untuk  berinovasi dalam meningkatkan kompetensi dan kinerja untuk berevolusi dalam revolusi. Sedangkan pandemic covid -19 merupakan wabah yang menyebar diberbagai negara termasuk Indonesia, sehingga tidak hanya mengganggu tetapi melumpuhkan semua sendi pergerakan manusia di segala bidang termasuk pelaksanaan pendidikan. Dari penjelasan ini dapat dipahami bahwa era disrupsi dan pandemic covid -19 merupakan dua peristiwa yang berbeda, namun sama-sama mengganggu, membatasi  dan bahkan melumpuhkan ruang gerak manusia dalam segala sendi kehidupan. Era disrupsi dan pandemic ini menjadi tantangan tapi juga peluang, sebab pada satu sisi mengganggu, sedangkan pada sisi yang lain lagi memaksa manusia untuk berpikir kreatif dan inovatif  untuk dapat mengembangkan kompetensi diri bahkan meningkatkan kinerja agar menjadikan era disrupsi dan pandemic sebagai kesempatan dalam meraih keberhasilan. Peningkatan dan pengembangan kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di era disrupsi dan pandemic sangat menentukan keberhasilan pelaksanaan Pendidikan Kristen. Tulisan ini mengkaji upaya peningkatan kinerja guru PAK di era disrupsi dan pandemic, melalui seminar, pelatihan, kursus dan bahkan studi lanjut sebagai upaya peningkatan sumber daya manusia.
THE VECTOR-POINTER METHOD AND ITS USE IN THE DATAFLOW PROCESSOR
Authors: Dikarev Nikolay Ivanovich , Shmelev Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Quicksort execution in the vector dataflow processor that uses the vector-pointer method for storing arrays.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE DAN LAPTOP TERHADAP MUSKULOSKELETAL PENDUDUK INDONESIA PADA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dampati Putu Srinata , Veronica Elvina , Dwi Chrismayanti Ni Kadek  Sinta
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 telah menjadi pandemi global dan dapat menyebar lewat droplet. Di Indonesia, per tanggal 5 Oktober 2020 sudah terdapat 303.498 kasus positif Covid-19 dan 3,7% di antaranya meninggal dunia. Salah satu langkah yang diterapkan pemerintah untuk mencegah penularan ini dengan physical distancing melalui kegiatan work from home. Akibat work from home, berbagai aktivitas dilakukan secara online menggunakan smartphone maupun laptop sehingga penggunaan kedua benda tersebut mengalami peningkatan pesat selama masa pandemi. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi munculnya keluhan muskuloskeletal selama aktivitas work from home penduduk Indonesia pada masa pandemi di Indonesia. Metode: Studi pustaka menggunakan artikel penelitian dan tinjauan pustaka dari jurnal Indonesia maupun jurnal internasional dalam 10 tahun terakhir dengan menggunakan kata kunci. Digunakan 26 literatur dalam studi pustaka ini. Hasil: Pengaruh penggunaan smartphone dan laptop terhadap otot skeletal selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia dari studi literatur yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa peningkatan penggunaan smartphone maupun laptop dengan posisi tubuh yang kurang tepat atau tidak ergonomis saat work from home dapat memberikan beban berlebih pada otot dan mengurangi aliran nutrisi pada otot sehingga dapat menimbulkan kelelahan pada otot dan meningkatkan risiko timbulnya keluhan muskuloskeletal, seperti nyeri pada leher, bahu, punggung, dan pergelangan tangan. Posisi ergonomis yang baik dan peregangan yang tepat saat dan sesudah beraktivitas dapat menurunkan risiko kemunculan keluhan muskuloskeletal. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan penggunaan smartphone, laptop, dan komputer di era work from home selama pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia dengan posisi ergonomi yang salah meningkatkan risiko munculnya keluhan muskuloskeletal.

Kata kunci : Covid-19, Laptop, Muskuloskeletal, Smartphone, Work From Home