bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the quality change of crown pear during storage
Authors: Feng Yongchun , Zou Tonghua , Zhang Zekai
Published: November 2023

Using the high-quality Crown Pear as the subject of experimental research, an analysis of the changes in the quality of Crown Pears during a storage period is conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the pear cold storage industry. The study utilizes a handheld digital refractometer, texture analyzer, colorimeter, T-type thermocouple, and electronic balance to explore six aspects of Crown Pears: soluble solids content, hardness, color difference, freezing point, drying loss, and taste. The results reveal the following changes in pear quality during different storage periods within one cycle: the content of soluble solids in Crown Pears initially increases and then decreases during the storage period; hardness decreases with increasing storage time; the external appearance of pears gradually darkens; and drying loss increases with storage time. During the cold storage process of Crown Pears, the optimal temperature setting for the cold storage should be maintained at -1°C to 0.5°C. The flavor of Crown Pears is not optimal during the early stage of storage. The storage time for Crown Pears should be within four months.
Toxicity study of Gloydius brevicaudus venom on Hela and Hep G2 cells
Authors: Hu Jianguo , Dapar Mark Lloyd G. , Zhang Xuezhong
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the cytotoxicity of Gloydius brevicauda venom on tumor cells. Hela and Hep G2 cells were used as the research subjects. The MTT assay was employed to investigate the proliferative activity of snake venom on tumor cells. The cell scratch assay was conducted to study the migration ability of tumor cells treated with snake venom. The Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method was utilized to examine the damage caused by snake venom on tumor cells. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the venom on Hela and Hep G2 cells at 48 hours was 8.176 µg/ml and 12.276 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, at a concentration of 4 µg/ml, the venom was able to inhibit the migration of tumor cells. Cell nuclear fluorescence staining revealed that the venom at concentrations of 8 µg/ml and 12 µg/ml induced DNA condensation in Hela and Hep G2 cells, respectively. In conclusion, the venom of Gloydius brevicauda was found to inhibit cell proliferation and migration, as well as induce cell apoptosis.
Research progress in finite element analysis of ankle sprains
Authors: Yu Jianhao , Xu Zejun , Liang Jiaru , Zhou Shuxuan
Published: November 2023

Ankle dislocation is the most common sports injury and is often associated with sports injuries. Among them, the tendon ligament causes damage to the posterior ankle ligament and the posterior ankle ligament. Important stabilizing structures, especially the anterior fibula ligament and the heelofibular ligament, play an important role in maintaining balance, and their injuries can lead to instability on the lateral side of the ankle. This seriously affects the function of the ankle. At the same time, it has a stabilizing effect on the lower joint, and its damage will also affect the function of the lower joint. [1-2] Foreign scientists have collected cases of acute fractures of the ankle joint, but only the central ligament rupture. Almost all injuries to the central tendon can cause a partial tear of the ligament. However, severe hallux valgus abuse can still lead to isolated damage to the triangular ligament. [3-4] Study surface emography and other techniques for basic ankle fracture studies to address the biomechanical and kinematic problems of ankle sprains. The biomechanics of ankle injuries will now be discussed in conjunction with the mechanisms of ankle injuries. To discuss the biomechanics and kinematics of ankle sprains.
The Influence of Jiawei Wendan Decoction on the Gastric Microbiota in Depression-Anxiety Comorbidity Rat Models
Authors: Gao Yue , Doblas Glenda Z.
Published: November 2023

This study leverages the high-throughput sequencing technology of 16S rRNA to investigate the effects of Jiawei Wendan Decoction on the gastric microbiota of Chronic Restraint Stress (CRS) induced depression-anxiety rat models, examining its potential as a therapy for depression-anxiety comorbidity. [Methods] SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, western medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine groups. After model establishment, treatments were administered for a continuous period of 35 days. The intestinal contents of the rats were collected, from which total DNA was extracted. Amplification of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA was carried out with designed primers, followed by high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. [Results] Following treatment with Jiawei Wendan Decoction, a significant increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus was noted, becoming dominant strains. Compared to the control and model groups, the traditional Chinese medicine treatment resulted in a raised relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii, promoting the proliferation of microbes involved in environmental and genetic information processing. [Conclusion] Jiawei Wendan Decoction exhibits anti-comorbidity effects in CRS rat models. The mechanism of action is potentially linked with the modulation of gastric microbiota, enhancing the presence of microbes involved in environmental and genetic information processing within the stomach.
Functionalized Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System Applied to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhang Zixuan
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy is currently an important modality in the treatment of cancer and is widely used in the treatment of many cancers. However, the main problem with chemotherapy is the highly toxic side effects. How improve the efficacy of drugs and reduce their side effects has been a challenge for cancer treatment research. With the booming development of nanotechnology, functionalized nanomaterials are widely used for drug delivery and the treatment of tumors. Nanomaterials have unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, and the drug delivery system constructed by using multifunctional nanomaterials can not only precisely kill tumor cells to reduce damage to normal tissues, but also combine multiple therapeutic modalities simultaneously to improve the treatment effect of cancer. Therefore, the development of precise nano-targeted therapeutic techniques is of great importance for the treatment of cancer in clinical settings. In this thesis, we constructed various nano-drug delivery systems based on functionalized nanomaterials and applied them to drug delivery to tumors and multimodal therapy. These studies will help advance the development of nanomolecular drug delivery technologies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, reduce side effects and toxicity, and provide safer and more effective drug treatment options for clinical therapy.
Vertebrates of Resak (Tambahan) Forest Reserve and Its Adjacent Area, Pahang
Authors: Azman Mohammad Shahfiz , Md Fauzi Noor Faradiana , Ahmad Ruzman Nor Hazwani , Baharudin Muhammad Syaridzwan
Published: November 2023

Southeast Pahang Peat Swamp Forest (SEPPSF) covers four forest reserves (FRs) namely Pekan FR, Nenasi FR, Kedondong FR and Resak FR. Previously, 204 species of birds, 56 species of mammals, and 47 species of herpetofauna have been recorded at SEPPSF. Recently, a rapid assessment using binoculars was carried out for two days from 18-19 May 2023 covering Resak (Tambahan) FR and its adjacent areas including oil palm plantations and Rompin town. A total of 52 species of birds from 25 families and one species of reptile were recorded. Of these, 36 species are classified as Totally Protected while eight species are Protected species according to Wildlife Conservation Act 2010. There are four Vulnerable (VU) species that were recorded namely Black Hornbill, Lesser Adjutant, Large Green-Pigeon, and Javan Myna. This result indicates a “snapshot” of vertebrates of the forest complex due to the short duration of the survey. Therefore, more intensive survey is needed to update the dynamics of the wildlife community in this area.
Greening Spirulina Value Chain Towards Environmental Sustainability in Malaysia
Authors: Muhammad Shukri Ameer Sabrin , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Mat Rasat Mohd Sukhairi , Abas Muhamad Azahar
Published: November 2023

Greener methods should be implemented to encourage a transition towards more sustainable food production. The emphasis was on increasing the production of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). This study aims to outline a holistic approach for thoroughly analysing the Spirulina production chain to create a customised development plan for sustainability. A total of eighteen respondents from six sectors (Spirulina Producers, Research and Development Institutions, Suppliers of Inputs, Processing and Packaging Companies, Distributors and wholesalers, and Retailers) that are involve with the Spirulina chain have participated in this study. The SWOT analysis was used to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats related to the production chain of Spirulina intended for human consumption to conduct a structured strategic planning targeting process optimisation and environmental sustainability. The findings show greening the Spirulina value chain requires commitment and collaboration among related stakeholders. The weakness of standardised production practices, limited research and development, inadequate infrastructure and technology, and limited market access and distribution channels must be addressed through stakeholder collaborative efforts. Taking advantage of the opportunities of greening the Spirulina value chain will be an excellent place to start for the business to develop sustainably and increase its competitiveness. Greening Spirulina value chains offer significant potential for environmental sustainability in Malaysia.
Determination of Land Cover Changes and Land Use Potential of Lojing, Gua Musang Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Udin Wani Sofia , Kenedy Nur Alya Shalina Ross
Published: November 2023

A valuable tool for identifying changes in land cover is remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS). Increased socioeconomic activity, particularly in agriculture and logging in the Lojing highlands, has led to changes in the land use in Gua Musang. The research area is in Lojing, which is located between latitudes of N 4° 52' 12.52'' to N 4° 49' 31.26'' and longitudes of E101° 48' 49.62'' to E101° 48' 49.62'‘. This research focused on land cover changes of Lojing which were determined using Landsat 4-5 TM satellite imageries within a time interval of year 2009 and 2019. To ascertain land use changes in the research area and its environs, Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) was chosen as the classification technique. Results indicate that the agriculture occupy the greatest area. Over the past ten years, forest area has fallen by 15.555 % while agricultural land has expanded by 9.987 %. In contrast, vegetation has grown by 3.764 %, while the extent of barren land has increased by 2.108 % since 2009. The GIS-based weighted overlay method (WOM) was used to build the land use potential map for the Lojing area to ensure the best possible land use. Due to its topography, geology, and climate, the study area has a high potential for conversion to agricultural land, according to Landsat satellite analysis. As a conclusion, an important data source for research on regional planning is the determination of land use potential by taking the capability of the land and other features into consideration.
Rock slope stability monitoring system in the Batu Mountain area, Lembang, West Bandung
Authors: Martireni Antonina Pri , Suryadi  , Tohari Adrin , Soebowo Eko , Wibawa Sunarya , Hermawan Koko , Sugianti Khori , Syahbana Arifan Jaya , Wahyudin
Published: November 2023

Gunung Batu is placed in Lembang, Langensari, West Bandung right of Lembang Fault line. Lembang Fault is an active fault with a slip rate between 1.95 – 3.45 mm/year and is expected to initiate an earthquake of Mw 6.5 – 7. Earthquakes in the Lembang Fault zone occurred in the 15th and 60th centuries BC, with an earthquake cycle every 170 – 670 years. From this, earthquake cycle estimates indicate that the Lembang Fault is in the final stage of the earthquake cycle. Gunung Batu is a populous area and has grown as a recreational area. Gunung Batu has a complex geological structure with potential rock slides. The observation and kinematic analysis results of the Gunung Batu area suggested that this area partly has an unstable slope and potentially has wedge and toppling failure. This condition of instability requires further monitoring to minimize damage and losses to populations around the Gunung Batu area. The development of slope stability monitoring tools has progressed significantly recently. Selecting the proper monitoring tool is the main component of data input to prevent possible hazards. The monitoring elements include rainfall, slope movement, and tilt movement. Sensor types that will be used in this monitoring system are integrated wireless monitoring systems. This system was developed to monitor the activity of the slopes of Gunung Batu, Lembang, West Bandung. The monitoring results for the last six months show the system is running well without errors.
Petrographic Analysis of Rocks in Tanah Puteh and Pulai, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Ismail Roniza , Haris Siti Safiah , Zurami Nur Ain , Fendy Nur Afikah
Published: November 2023

Gua Musang, Kelantan is well known with diversity of rock associations and also rich in mineral resources such as gold and feldspar according to the existence of active mining sites in this area. The diversity of rock associations in Pulai and Tanah Puteh, Gua Musang have been identified and sampled for this study. The objectives are to determine the mineral association and its composition in various rock types as well as its distribution within these areas. Rock and soil samples have been collected for further analyses using petrography and geochemical analysis respectively. Limestone, tuff, shale, chert, phyllite are amongst of the rock types that have been sampled in this study area. The properties of mineral association in the thin section samples (from the rock samples) have been observed in details using optical microscope. Meanwhile, the results of xray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for selected samples have shown that the SiO2 were ranging between 66 to almost 80 wt.%, and Al2O3 varied from 17 to nearly 26 wt.%. The correlation of the mineral composition from chemical analysis are found in accordance with the mineral existence based on the petrographic studies on selected thin sections from Pulai and Tanah Puteh.
The removal of total suspended particulates (TSP) using chitosan/PVA electrospun fibers
Authors: Abdul-Halim Nurul Syazana , Idris Nor Shahirul Umirah , Shamsudin Nurhasimah , Dzaifuzzaman Nurrin Kiasatina , Mohamad-Fouzi Nur Fara Asikin
Published: November 2023

Total suspended particle (TSP) is the measurement of the amount of suspended particle with a diameter less than 100 micrometers. The exposure of particulate matter can be significant for human health and environment. It can cause respiratory and cardiovascular effects, reduce visibility, and reduce water quality. Electrospun fibers is a versatile technology that can produce large surface area, controllable fiber diameter and interconnected pore structure. In this study, the effectiveness of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CS-PVA) fibers incorporated with activated carbon (AC) for capturing TSP in the air was investigated. The CS-PVA fibers was prepared by combining CS and PVA solutions at ratio of 30:70 with various AC concentrations ranging from 0-3 wt.%. The CS-PVA fibers prepared were fitted in the low-volume air samplers (LVAS) and placed nearby the main road of UMK Campus Jeli, for the collection of PM2.5 and PM10. Additionally, the weathering data during the sampling days was requested from My MET website to observe the influence of weather on TSP collection. Based on the results, as the AC concentration increased in the CS-PVA fibers, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 also increased. The CSPVA-3 showed the highest collection of PM10 and PM2.5 compared to other CS-PVA fibers and standard quartz filter. However, the collection of TSP on the filter paper were also influence by the humidity, rainfall, and wind speed of the sampling day.
The Impact of Infant Sex on Multiple Courses versus a Single Course of Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ninan Kiran , Murphy Kellie E. , Asztalos Elizabeth V. , Jiang Yidi , Huszti Ella , Matthews Stephen G. , Santaguida Pasqualina , Mukerji Amit , McDonald Sarah D.
Published: November 2023

Objective Animal literature has suggested that the impact of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) may vary by infant sex. Our objective was to assess the impact of infant sex on the use of multiple courses versus a single course of ACS and perinatal outcomes.

Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of the Multiple Courses of Antenatal Corticosteroids for Preterm Birth trial, which randomly allocated pregnant people to multiple courses versus a single course of ACS. Our primary outcome was a composite of perinatal mortality or clinically significant neonatal morbidity (including neonatal death, stillbirth, severe respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage [grade III or IV], cystic periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis [stage II or III]). Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome as well as anthropometric measures. Baseline characteristics were compared between participants who received multiple courses versus a single course of ACS. An interaction between exposure to ACS and infant sex was assessed for significance and multivariable regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for predefined covariates, when feasible.

Results Data on 2,300 infants were analyzed. The interaction term between treatment status (multiple courses vs. a single course of ACS) and infant sex was not significant for the primary outcome (p = 0.86), nor for any of the secondary outcomes (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Infant sex did not modify the association between exposure to ACS and perinatal outcomes including perinatal mortality or neonatal morbidity or anthropometric outcomes. However, animal literature indicates that sex-specific differences after exposure to ACS may emerge over time and thus investigating long-term sex-specific outcomes warrants further attention.

Key Points
Auf- und Absteiger in der Klinikbranche: Gesundheit Nordhessen ab 2027 nachhaltig in schwarzen Zahlen
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: November 2023

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken

kma Online

Ausführliche Berichte lesen Sie jeden Monat auf kma Online unter

www.kma-online.de/auf-absteiger

Die Restrukturierung zeigt Wirkung, 2021 verlief besser als erwartet. Für 2022 ist ein positives EBITDA geplant, ab 2027 soll das Unternehmen ein nachhaltig positives EAT vorweisen.
Editorial: Wohin entwickelt sich das Gesundheitswesen?
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: November 2023

Mitte November wird Düsseldorf wieder zum Treffpunkt der MedTech-Industrie.
Neue DIN-Norm: Spielregeln für den Einsatz von KI
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2023

Im Deutschen Institut für Normung (DIN) soll ein neu gegründeter Arbeitsausschuss Normen und Standards für künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in der Medizin entwickeln. Filiz Elmas, verantwortlich für die Geschäftsfeldentwicklung KI beim DIN, und Projektmanagerin Ulrike Schröder, die den Arbeitsausschuss KI in der Medizin leitet, erläutern die Hintergründe.
IT-Kooperationen: Schluss mit dem Einzelkampf
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: November 2023

Die Herausforderungen auf IT-Ebene von Krankenhäusern nehmen rasant zu. Vernetzte Gesundheitsregionen durch Trägerverbünde sind deshalb gefragter denn je. kma hat sich in Bayern, Berlin und Hamburg umgehört, wo Klinik-IT-Verbünde gerade dabei sind, sich umfassend zu vernetzen.
Digitale Patientenaufnahme: Wenn der Avatar die Untersuchung leitet
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2023

Das an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim entwickelte digitale Patientenaufnahmesystem Tedias soll das Klinikpersonal entlasten und zu einer besseren Datenqualität führen.
Leuchtturmmission UKE: Shared Governance als Schlüssel zur Pflegeexzellenz
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Die Beteiligung der Pflegekräfte in die Entscheidungsfindung ist eine wichtige Säule der Kultur des US-amerikanischen Magnetkrankenhaus-Konzeptes. Das Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf hat sich mit dieser Frage beschäftigt und den Reifegrad der Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten gemessen.
Low-temperature micromechanical properties of polyolephin/graphene oxide nanocomposites with low weight percent filler
Authors: Rusakova H. V. , Fomenko L. S. , Lubenets S. V. , Natsik V. D. , Dolbin A. V. , Vinnikov N. A. , Basnukaeva R. M. , Cherednichenko S. V. , Blyznyuk A. V.
Published: November 2023

The effect of small impurities of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on microhardness of polyethylene (PЕ) and polypropylene (PP) matrices and the reaction of these nanocomposites and initial polymers on the influence of localized load in the temperature range of 77–295 K were studied. When rGO was introduced, PE practically did not change its properties, whereas the introduction of 0.3 wt% rGO into the PP matrix was accompanied by a significant increase in microhardness, especially in the room temperature range (by approximately 70%). A transition to reversible deformation was detected when the indenter impressions applied in liquid and gaseous nitrogen at temperatures below the threshold (T < 174.5 K for PP and T < 226.5 K for nanocomposite PP + 0.3 wt% rGO) were not fixed on the surface of the samples after their heating in the measuring device to room temperature.
Oxygen diffusion in RBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductors: A brief review
Authors: Goulatis I. L. , Vovk R. V. , Chroneos A. I.
Published: November 2023

The interest in RBa2Cu3O7–δ (R = lanthanides) stems from its superconducting properties. These represent a very significant advance in solid-state materials physics and have been extensively studied for decades, with the aim of increasing the critical temperature by doping or external parameters such as pressure. In the present review, we briefly discuss oxygen diffusion in RBa2Cu3O7–δ with respect to its composition. We consider related compounds as a comparison.
Stochastic chemical kinetics of cell fate decision systems: From single cells to populations and back
Authors: Ruess Jakob , Ballif Guillaume , Aditya Chetan
Published: November 2023

Stochastic chemical kinetics is a widely used formalism for studying stochasticity of chemical reactions inside single cells. Experimental studies of reaction networks are generally performed with cells that are part of a growing population, yet the population context is rarely taken into account when models are developed. Models that neglect the population context lose their validity whenever the studied system influences traits of cells that can be selected in the population, a property that naturally arises in the complex interplay between single-cell and population dynamics of cell fate decision systems. Here, we represent such systems as absorbing continuous-time Markov chains. We show that conditioning on non-absorption allows one to derive a modified master equation that tracks the time evolution of the expected population composition within a growing population. This allows us to derive consistent population dynamics models from a specification of the single-cell process. We use this approach to classify cell fate decision systems into two types that lead to different characteristic phases in emerging population dynamics. Subsequently, we deploy the gained insights to experimentally study a recurrent problem in biology: how to link plasmid copy number fluctuations and plasmid loss events inside single cells to growth of cell populations in dynamically changing environments.
Separating micrometer-sized particles utilizing a dusty plasma ratchet
Authors: Cai Zhi-Min , Ma Zong-Bo , Zhao You-Kai , Liu Fu-Cheng , He Ya-Feng
Published: November 2023

Directional transport-dominated particle separation presents major challenges in many technological applications. The Feynman ratchet can convert the random perturbation into directional transport of particles, offering innovative separation schemes. Here, we propose the design of a dusty plasma ratchet system to accomplish the separation of micrometer-sized particles. The dust particles are charged and suspended at specific heights within the saw channel, depending on their sizes. Bi-dispersed dust particles can flow along the saw channel in opposite directions, resulting in a perfect purity of particle separation. We discuss the underlying mechanism of particle separation, wherein dust particles of different sizes are suspended at distinctive heights and experience electric ratchet potentials with opposite orientations, leading to their contrary flows. Our results demonstrate a feasible and highly efficient method for separating micrometer-sized particles.
Research on fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on multi-sensor bi-layer information fusion under small samples
Authors: Hu Chaoqun , Li Yonghua , Chen Zhe , Wang Denglong , Men Zhihui
Published: November 2023

To address the challenge of low fault diagnosis accuracy due to insufficient bearing fault data collected by single-sensor, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor bi-layer information fusion under small samples is proposed. In the first-layer feature fusion, first, aiming at the problem that the number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and the penalty factor in the variational mode decomposition (VMD) is challenging to determine, the Aquila optimizer algorithm is introduced to search for the optimal solution independently. Decomposition of bearing vibration signals acquired by multiple sensors using a parameter optimized the VMD method to obtain IMFs. The 12 time-domain features are then extracted for each IMF, and the maximum information coefficient (MIC) between each IMF time-domain feature and raw signal time-domain features is calculated. Finally, the feature fusion composition ratio is calculated according to the MIC mean of each. In the second layer of data fusion, the fusion composition ratio calculated in the first layer is used as a weight-to-weight and reconstructs the signals of each sensor to constitute a fused signal. Then, the fused signals are input into the fault diagnostic model, and fault pattern recognition and fault severity recognition are performed at the same time. The results show that the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is higher than that of the comparison method on both the public dataset and the self-built experimental bench dataset, and it is an accurate, stable, and efficient fault diagnosis method.
Deconstructing plasma fog collection technology: an experimental study on factors impacting collection efficiency
Authors: Li Dingchen , Li Chuan , Xiao Menghan , Li Jiawei , Yang Zhiwen , Fu Qixiong , Zhang Ming , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan
Published: November 2023

Water scarcity is a global challenge that hinders human development. In recent years, electrostatic fog collection technology has emerged as a promising technology to alleviate this issue. Although electrostatic fog collectors based on a variety of electrode structures have been developed previously, there has been less research into other factors affecting the efficiency of electrostatic fog collection (e.g. electrical factors, environmental factors, etc), which has delayed the commercial application of the technology. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effects of power supply polarity, voltage, airflow direction, airflow velocity, fog concentration and temperature on collection efficiency using a typical wire-mesh electrode fog collector as an example. The results show that both electrical and environmental factors influence the collection efficiency by changing the charge and the electric field force of the droplets. Negative polarity corona and high voltage are more favorable for fog collection. High velocity airflow and high fog concentration increase the amount of water collected due to the ability to bring more droplets into the electric field. However, the collection efficiency is reduced by the weakening of the corona discharge. High temperature accelerates the evaporation of fog droplets, which is not favorable for fog collection. In conclusion, this work will not only contribute to revealing the underlying mechanisms of the electrostatic fog collection but also will guide the development of highly efficient fog collectors.
A lightweight efficient semantic segmentation with encoder-decoder for arc interference in robotic arc welding
Authors: Chen Xinyu , He Zhuzhen , Ma Qihao , Ren Yan , Cui Tong
Published: November 2023

Recognizing laser stripes under conditions of arc interference is a persistent challenge faced by linear structured light sensors due to their similarity with noise in morphological characteristics. In this paper, a symmetrical encoder-decoder semantic segmentation model named LSRNet (lightweight stripe recognition network) is proposed that enables real-time detection of laser stripes in environments with strong arc interference. It analyzes the difference between arc and laser stripe from the semantic point of view. Firstly, to facilitate quick and accurate recognition of laser stripes, we designed a Depthwise-separable Factorized Module that is both efficient and scalable with a larger receptive field. Moreover, due to the difficulty in distinguishing laser stripes from arcs in a local context, a Multi-scale Depthwise-separable Factorized Module is designed to capture more context information. Secondly, the Unified Attention Fusion Module is used to enhance the feature representation of the laser stripe. Additionally, The combination of DiceLoss(dice coefficient loss) and CELoss(cross-entropy loss) is introduced to optimize the loss, which addresses the pixel imbalance challenge that the pixels of the laser stripe are much less than the background pixels. Finally, based on the images collected in the industrial field, our ArcDataset is created for model training. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the highest intersection over union of 88.0% in laser stripe segmentation and a recognition speed of 101.3 FPS(frames per second).
A novel vibro-acoustic fault diagnosis approach of planetary gearbox using intrinsic wavelet integrated GE-EfficientNet
Authors: Hu Huangxing , Lv Yong , Yuan Rui , Xu Shijie , Zhu Weihang
Published: November 2023

Planetary gearbox operates under complex working conditions involving high speed, heavy load, and corrosion. When the planetary gearbox is in tight spaces, it is difficult to measure its signal by conventional methods. In this case, acoustic sensors can measure signal with the noncontact method. This paper proposes a vibro-acoustic fault diagnosis method with respect to planetary gearbox. The method addresses challenges related to weak vibro-acoustic signal, difficulty in extracting fault features, and low diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Firstly, vibro-acoustic signal is captured by a unidirectional microphone. Next, intrinsic wavelet analysis extracts intrinsic features of the planetary gears. The band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs) of the acoustic signal are obtained by optimized variational mode decomposition, and the BLIMFs are then transformed into time-frequency map features. Finally, these time-frequency map features are utilized as the inputs for Ghost module and Efficient channel attention module (GE)-improved EfficientNet model, namely GE-EfficientNet model, to achieve fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results which show that the diagnostic accuracy of GE-EfficientNet reached 100%, and the floating-point operations and parameter numbers are only 5.1 G and 0.4 MB, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed vibro-acoustic fault diagnosis method achieves good diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
A simple, flexible technique for RF cavity wake-field calculations
Authors: Vaughn Brian J.
Published: November 2023

It is typical in the accelerator field to model machine
components, especially RF cavities, as parallel RLC resonators. To
properly model wake-fields, knowledge of the time-domain voltage
resulting from beam excitation is often necessary. While analytical
and quasi-analytical expressions are available to accomplish this
for common bunch distributions such as the Gaussian, analogous
results for less standard distributions can be difficult or
computationally-taxing to obtain using direct methods, which opens
the door for the development of a more generalized technique. In
this paper, a formulation is created that allows for the simple
computation of the time-domain voltage waveform of an RLC
resonator. The formulation uses the Cauchy Residue Theorem to
extract the convolution result from the Fourier Domain, and if
current distribution Fourier Transform has no poles, knowledge of
its value is only required at one specific evaluation point. This
greatly simplifies the computation of the time domain voltage for a
large amount of bunch distributions both common and
uncommon. Accuracy considerations for this technique and the
approximation of accelerator components as RLC resonators are also
discussed, resulting the development of a figure of merit for
quantifying the robustness of this type of approximation.
Multicolor dye-based flow structure visualization for seal-whisker geometry characterized by computer vision
Authors: Ferčák Ondřej , Lyons Kathleen M , Murphy Christin T , Kamensky Kristina M , Cal Raúl Bayoán , Franck Jennifer A
Published: November 2023

Pinniped vibrissae possess a unique and complex three-dimensional topography, which has beneficial fluid flow characteristics such as substantial reductions in drag, lift, and vortex induced vibration. To understand and leverage these effects, the downstream vortex dynamics must be studied. Dye visualization is a traditional qualitative method of capturing these downstream effects, specifically in comparative biological investigations where complex equipment can be prohibitive. High-fidelity numerical simulations or experimental particle image velocimetry are commonplace for quantitative high-resolution flow measurements, but are computationally expensive, require costly equipment, and can have limited measurement windows. This study establishes a method for extracting quantitative data from standard dye visualization experiments on seal whisker geometries by leveraging novel but intuitive computer vision techniques, which maintain simplicity and an advantageous large experimental viewing window while automating the extraction of vortex frequency, position, and advection. Results are compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for comparable geometries. Power spectra and Strouhal numbers show consistent behavior between methods for a Reynolds number of 500, with minima at the canonical geometry wavelength of 3.43 and a peak frequency of 0.2 for a Reynolds number of 250. The vortex tracking reveals a clear increase in velocity from roll-up to 3.5 whisker diameters downstream, with a strong overlap with the DNS data but shows steady results beyond the limited DNS window. This investigation provides insight into a valuable bio-inspired engineering model while advancing an analytical methodology that can readily be applied to a broad range of comparative biological studies.
Uncertainty in streamflow measurements significantly impacts estimates of downstream nitrate export
Authors: Speir Shannon L , Jones C Nathan , Shogren Arial J , Atkinson Carla L
Published: November 2023

Across watershed science, two key variables emerge–streamflow and solute concentration–which serve as the basis for efforts ranging from basic watershed biogeochemistry research to policy decisions surrounding watershed management. However, we rarely account for how error in discharge (Q) impacts estimates of downstream nutrient loading. Here, we examined the impact of uncertainty in streamflow measurements on estimates of downstream nitrate export using publicly available data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We characterized how uncertainty in stage-discharge relationships impacts annual flux estimates across 70 USGS gages. Our results indicate the interquartile range of relative error in Q was 33% across these USGS sites. We documented a wide range in mean error in annual nitrate loads; some sites were underestimated (−105%), while predicted loads at other sites vastly overestimated (500%). Overall, any error in estimating Q leads to significant unpredictability of annual nutrient loads, which are often used as critical success benchmarks for governmental nutrient reduction strategies. Moreover, error in annual nitrate loads (as mass, kg) increases with mean Q; thus, as high flows become more unpredictable and intense under future climate change, error in estimates of downstream nutrient loading may also increase. Together, this indicates that error in Q may drastically influence our measures of water quality success and decrease our ability to accurately quantify progress towards algal bloom and ‘dead zone’ reduction.
Can climate knowledge enable Warragamba Dam, Sydney, Australia to be used to manage flood risk?
Authors: Devanand Anjana , Pitman Andy J , Carvajal Guido , Khan Stuart J
Published: November 2023

Dams that serve a dual purpose of water supply and flood mitigation operate to maintain a defined full supply level of water that balances the two conflicting requirements. To optimize the use of available storage space, the full supply level may be adjusted to reflect changing risks of future water shortages and future flood inflows based on known seasonal variations and current observations. The Warragamba Dam in eastern Australia is located upstream of the populated Hawkesbury-Nepean valley which has one of the largest flood exposures in the country. However, the operating protocol of the reservoir does not include provisions to reduce the full supply level of the dam for flood mitigation. Large scale climate indicators that are known to influence the hydroclimate of this region may potentially contain useful information to inform the dual use of this reservoir, but their utility for this purpose has not been studied. Here we explore whether current observations of large-scale climate along with antecedent catchment conditions can be used to estimate the probability of large inflows into the reservoir in the next 3- and 6 months, to aid flood management. We find that the predictors have a substantial influence on the probability of large inflows. The probability differences during opposite predictor phases vary by season and range from 30% to 70%. Our results indicate that considering current climate information to inform dual use of the Warragamba dam has merit.
Multidimensional integrable deformations of integrable PDEs
Authors: Casati M , Zhang (张丹达) D
Published: November 2023

In a recent series of papers by Lou et al it was conjectured that higher dimensional integrable equations may be constructed by utilizing some conservation laws of

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional systems. We prove that the deformation algorithm introduced in (Lou et al 2023 J. High Energy Phys.
2023 018), applied to Lax integrable

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional systems, produces Lax integrable higher dimensional systems. The same property is enjoyed by the generalized deformation algorithm introduced in (Lou et al 2023 Chin. Phys. Lett.
40 020201); we present a novel example of a

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional deformation of KdV equation obtained by generalized deformation. The deformed systems obtained by such procedure, however, pose a serious challenge because most of the mathematical structures that the

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional systems possess are lost.
Enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of free cyanide using hydrogen-treated TiO2: effect of reduction temperature
Authors: Pérez-Patiño Mitzy Y , Barrera-Andrade José M , Rojas-García Elizabeth , Calzada Lina A , Sierra-Uribe Jhon Harrison , Falcony Ciro , Valenzuela Miguel A , Albiter Elim
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen-treated titanium dioxide (grey TiO2) crystals were synthesized through a temperature-programmed reduction of commercial TiO2 under an H2/Ar mixed gas flow at elevated temperatures ranging from 600 to 800 °C. Analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to probe the presence of oxygen vacancies in the grey TiO2 and to track the variation in Ti3+ species concentration as a function of temperature. The reduced samples obtained at different temperatures were used as photocatalysts to oxidize free cyanide ions under UV light illumination. Among these, the photocatalysts reduced at 600 °C demonstrated superior activity, converting 30 ppm of free cyanide to cyanate ions within 120 min. This reaction time represents a significant enhancement in efficiency as compared to untreated TiO2, which necessitated over 240 min to accomplish the same conversion. The improved performance of grey TiO2 is ascribed to its elevated photocurrent and the positive shift in the flat band energy, which together accelerate electron transfer and limit electron–hole recombination rates.
Yeast Rim11 kinase responds to glutathione-induced stress by regulating the transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes
Authors: Yasukawa Taishi , Iwama Ryo , Yamasaki Yuriko , Masuo Naohisa , Noda Yoichi
Published: November 2023

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide composed of glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid, is an abundant thiol found in a wide variety of cells, ranging from bacterial to mammalian cells. Adequate levels of GSH are essential for maintaining iron homeostasis. The ratio of oxidized/reduced GSH is strictly regulated in each organelle to maintain the cellular redox potential. Cellular redox imbalances cause defects in physiological activities, which can lead to various diseases. Although there are many reports regarding the cellular response to GSH depletion, studies on stress response to high levels of GSH are limited. Here, we performed genome-scale screening in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified RIM11, BMH1, and WHI2 as multicopy suppressors of the growth defect caused by GSH stress. The deletion strains of each gene were sensitive to GSH. We found that Rim11, a kinase important in the regulation of meiosis, was activated via autophosphorylation upon GSH stress in a glucose-rich medium. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes was downregulated under GSH stress, and introduction of multiple copies of RIM11 counteracted this effect. These results demonstrate that S. cerevisiae copes with GSH stress via multiple stress-responsive pathways, including a part of the adaptive pathway to glucose limitation.
Dung beetle tribal classification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): progress, problems, and prospects
Authors: Daniel Gimo M , Davis Adrian L V
Published: November 2023

The subfamily Scarabaeinae has been traditionally divided into tribes on the basis of morphological similarity between groups of genera or, even, dissimilarity shown by a single genus. Although various tribal units have been described over the past 220 years, they had been recently reduced to a maximum of only 12 through synonymies within some tribes. However, following the advent of morphological and molecular cladistic systematics, it is clear that there are many discrepancies between phylogeny and phenetic tribal classification. As a result the number of tribes has now been expanded to 20 by revalidating some tribes or describing new groupings although this revision is incomplete. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review of the current status of dung beetle tribal classification with regards to validity in terms of monophyly versus polyphyly or paraphyly. We discuss the systematic position of tribes among Scarabaeinae and provide a summary of the generic and species structure for each tribe. Given the enduring polyphyly or paraphyly in several tribes, it is clear that further tribal units will need to be described or revalidated to resolve the discrepancies. Therefore, we discuss how to use multiple lines of evidence (molecular, morphological, biogeographical, and paleontological) to build the tree of life for dung beetles and consequently provide stability in the tribal classification of the lineage.
Spatial Patterning of Spontaneous and Medically Indicated Preterm Birth in Philadelphia
Authors: Yang Nancy , Quick Harrison S , Melly Steven J , Mullin Anne M , Zhao Yuzhe , Edwards Janelle , Clougherty Jane E , Schinasi Leah H , Burris Heather H
Published: November 2023

Preterm birth (PTB) remains a key public health issue that disproportionately affects Black individuals. Since spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and medically indicated PTB (mPTB) may have different causes and interventions, we quantified racial disparities for sPTB and mPTB, and we characterized the geographic patterning of these phenotypes, overall and according to race/ethnicity. We examined a pregnancy cohort of 83,952 singleton births at 2 Philadelphia hospitals from 2008–2020, and classified each PTB as sPTB or mPTB. We used binomial regression to quantify the magnitude of racial disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White individuals, then generated small area estimates by applying a Bayesian model that accounts for small numbers and smooths estimates of PTB risk by borrowing information from neighboring areas. Racial disparities in both sPTB and mPTB were significant (relative risk of sPTB = 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.70, 1.98; relative risk of mPTB = 2.20, 95% confidence interval: 2.00, 2.42). The disparity was 20% greater in mPTB than sPTB. There was substantial geographic variation in PTB, sPTB, and mPTB risks and racial disparity. Our findings underscore the importance of distinguishing PTB phenotypes within the context of public health and preventive medicine. Future work should consider social and environmental exposures that may explain geographic differences in PTB risk and disparities.
The Importance of Equity Value Judgments and Estimator-Estimand Alignment in Measuring Disparity and Identifying Targets to Reduce Disparity
Authors: Chang Ting-Hsuan , Nguyen Trang Quynh , Jackson John W
Published: November 2023

The choice of which covariates to adjust for (so-called allowability designation (AD)) in health disparity measurements reflects value judgments about inequitable versus equitable sources of health differences, which is paramount for making inferences about disparity. Yet, many off-the-shelf estimators used in health disparity research are not designed with equity considerations in mind, and they imply different ADs. We demonstrated the practical importance of incorporating equity concerns in disparity measurements through simulations, motivated by the example of reducing racial disparities in hypertension control via interventions on disparities in treatment intensification. Seven causal decomposition estimators, each with a particular AD (with respect to disparities in hypertension control and treatment intensification), were considered to estimate the observed outcome disparity and the reduced/residual disparity under the intervention. We explored the implications for bias of the mismatch between equity concerns and the AD in the estimator under various causal structures (through altering racial differences in covariates or the confounding mechanism). The estimator that correctly reflects equity concerns performed well under all scenarios considered, whereas the other estimators were shown to have the risk of yielding large biases in certain scenarios, depending on the interaction between their ADs and the specific causal structure.