bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de hemoptisis luego de la cura bacteriológica en pacientes dados de alta del Programa de Control de Tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: AGUILAR ARAGÓN Javier Antonio , CABRERA RIVERO Jose Luis , CORNEJO GARCIA Jose , LEON HUAMAN Enrique Principe , GAYOSO CERVANTES Oscar , DIAZ URTEAGA Javier , SEAS RAMOS Carlos
Published: May 2016

La tuberculosis produce alteraciones estructurales y de función pulmonar que persisten pese a la cura bacteriológica (secuelas). La hemoptisis es frecuente y causa gran morbilidad y demanda a los servicios de salud. Objetivo: Con el propósito de conocer sus características epidemiológicas y sus factores de riesgo, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, analítico, con metodología de cohorte única de casos en el Programa de Control de Tuberculosis (PCT), en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) entre enero de 1984 y diciembre de 1996. Material y Método : Se programó visitas domiciliarias evaluando 109. Se realizó una prueba de baciloscopía en los pacientes sintomáticos. Resultados: Hemoptisis estuvo presente en 15 casos (13.76%), de los cuales 7 experimentaron recaída bacteriológica. Todos los casos tuvieron baciloscopía negativa al momento de la encuesta. Se encontró mayor frecuencia en varones (p = 0.0017 RR = 10.61) y en el grupo etáreo < 28 años (p = 0.022 RR = 2.92). Se tuvo mayor incidencia en el primer y cuarto año luego del alta. Doce casos (80%) aparecieron en los primeros tres años. Ningún factor previo al diagnóstico se asoció con hemoptisis luego del alta. Esputo hemoptoico en el cuadro inicial de tuberculosis se asoció con la presencia de hemoptisis luego del alta (p = 0.036 RR = 2.75). Hemoptisis fue estadísticamente más frecuente en pacientes que persisten sintomáticos luego del alta (tos y expectoración crónicas y ataques de sibilancias y disnea). Se observó una fuerte asociación entre recaída bacteriológica y presencia de hemoptisis luego del alta (p< 0.0001 RR = 7.8). Conclusiones: En pacientes dados de alta del PCT del HNCH, la prevalencia de hemoptisis es 13.76%, teniendo más riesgo los varones, el grupo etáreo menor de 28 años, los pacientes que presentan esputo hemoptoico en el cuadro inicial de tuberculosis, los que permanecen sintomáticos luego del alta y los que experimentan al menos un episodio de recaída bacteriológica. (Rev Med Hered 2003; 14: 167-174)
Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus sensible, con sensibilidad "BORDERLINE” y resistentes a la meticilina.
Authors: MENDOZA TICONA Carlos Alberto , VELASQUEZ TALAVERA Renato , MERCADO DIAZ Ludwig , BALLON ECHEGARAY Jorge , MAGUIÑA VARGAS Ciro
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Determinar las susceptibilidad a diversos antibacterianos de tres categorías de S. aureus según su sensibilidad a la meticilina. Materiales y Métodos: Se aislaron 76 cepas de S. aureus que colonizaban pacientes y personal de salud de tres servicios del Hospital Honorio Delgado de Arequipa, de los cuales 36 fueron sensibles a meticilina (MSSA), 15 con susceptibilidad “borderline” (BORSA) y 25 fueron resistentes a la meticilina (MRSA). Se les sometió a antibiograma a 14 antibacterianos. Resultados: El único antibiótico al cual todas los aislamientos fueron sensibles fue vancomicina. Los MRSA fueron resistentes a todos los β-lactámicos excepto imipenem que obtuvo 64% de susceptibilidad. Los BORSA mantuvieron un 80% de sensibilidad a cefalotina y un 100% al imipenem. Los antibióticos cefalotina, imipenem, ciprofloxacina, cotrimoxazol, rifampicina, eritromicina, tetraciclina, cloranfenicol, lincomicina y gentamicina tuvieron sensibilidades variables (p<0.01) entre las tres categorías; una mayor proporción de MSSA fue sensible a estos antibióticos, luego los BORSA y finalmente los MRSA. Las cepas multi-resistentes fueron mucho más frecuentes en los MRSA que en los otros dos grupos (p <0.01). Conclusión: Existe en nuestro medio cepas de S. aureus con resistencia “borderline” a meticilina. Hay diferencias entre la sensibilidad a diversos antimicrobianos entre los tres grupos de S. aureus. Esta diferenciación podría beneficiar una terapia antimicrobiana  más racional. Se debe aplicar en todo aislamiento de S. aureus las recomendaciones internacionales para la detección de meticilino resistencia. (Rev. Med. Hered. 2003; 14: 181-185).
Osteoporosis: Consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas.
Authors: CIPRIANI THORNE Enrique
Published: May 2016

La densitometría ósea abrió las puertas para el estudio sistemático de la osteoporosis; en efecto este método de diagnóstico, que expresa cuantitativamente un estimado del contenido de calcio por área de superficie ósea, permite: a) conocer su incidencia, b) determinar los factores de riesgo para contraerla, c) estudiar sus condicionantes genéticos y d) evaluar objetivamente los resultados de la terapéutica utilizada para detener o modificar su avance.
Prevalencia de serología positiva para Helicobacter pylori en trabajadores de una refinería de zinc.
Authors: HADAD ARRASCUE Fernando Francisco , DIAZ LEDESMA Lizeth , RAMOS TAVARA Raúl Edgar , ANCAJIMA TINEO José Luis , CHERO CABRERA Juan Carlos
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de serología positiva para Helicobacter pylori en trabajadores de una refinería de zinc. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio a los trabajadores que acudían para su control pre-vacacional entre los meses de julio a setiembre del 2003. De 501 trabajadores, se seleccionaron a 92, obteniendo un tamaño muestral de 80 personas a un nivel de confianza del 99.99%. Para el examen serológico, se utilizó la prueba de ELISA para detección cuantitativa de IgG específica contra Helicobacter pylori (GAP-IgG ELISA, Biomerica, USA) por medio de sangre venosa de los participantes. Se consideró como positivos a valores >20 U/ml, negativos <12.5 U/ml y sospechosos entre 12.5 y 20 U/ml. Sólo 4 fueron del sexo femenino, motivo por el cual, no se hizo el estudio separando grupos por sexo. Resultados: De los 92 trabajadores, 57 (61.96%) presentaron serología positiva para Helicobacter pylori, 22 (23.91%) fueron negativos, mientras que 13 (14.13%) tuvieron un resultado dudoso (sospechoso).
Morbilidad y mortalidad en el servicio de hospitalización del Departamento de enfermedades infecciosas, tropicales y dermatológicas del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre 1990 - 2000.
Authors: ZAMUDIO FUERTES Carlos , SEAS RAMOS Carlos , HERNANDEZ MAGALLANES Katherine , RAMOS SALAZAR Elizabeth , VERDONCK BOSTEELS Kristien , CHUQUIYAURI HARO Raúl , ECHEVARRIA ZARATE Juan , LEGUA LEYVA Pedro , MAGUIÑA VARGAS Ciro , GOTUZZO HERENCIA Eduardo
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Describir la demografía, e identificar la morbilidad más frecuente y las tasas de mortalidad de la unidad de enfermedades infecciosas en un hospital de referencia, público y docente, localizado en el norte de Lima-Perú. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se incluyeron todas las hospitalizaciones del Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, entre enero de 1990 y diciembre del 2000. Se registraron los datos demográficos, las fechas de ingreso y de alta, todos los diagnósticos, y la condición al alta. Los diagnósticos fueron codificados según la Novena Revisión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-9). Resultados: De 7192 hospitalizaciones registradas, 4603 (64%) fueron de pacientes varones, la edad media fue 39.2 ±19 años. Las hospitalizaciones prácticamente se duplicaron (de 440 a 817) durante el periodo en estudio. La edad media aumentó de 36.6 ±16.1 años a 41 ± 19.9 años, las hospitalizaciones de pacientes geriátricos aumentó de 11.8% a 21.3%, y la relación VIH/ no VIH aumentó de 0.07 a 0.25. El índice de rotación de cama aumentó de 12.2 a 22.7. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: VIH 1209 (10.2%), tuberculosis 1201 (10.1%), celulitis 653 (5.5%) y neumonía 651 (5.5%). La mortalidad hospitalaria durante el estudio fue de 8.1%, manteniéndose en promedio constante. Conclusiones: Se observó un aumento en el número de hospitalizaciones, especialmente debido a pacientes geriátricos, sin encontrarse cambios en las tasas de mortalidad. Tuberculosis y VIH fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes en este estudio.
Asociación entre infección por el virus linfotrópico humano de células T tipo I (HTLV-I) y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con tuberculosis.
Authors: VERDONCK BOSTEELS Kristien , HENRIQUEZ CAMACHO César , ECHEVARRIA ZARATE Juan , HUAYANAY FALCONI Leandro , AGAPITO PANTA Juan , CAIRAMPONA MENDEZ Rosario , SEAS RAMOS Carlos , GOTUZZO HERENCIA Eduardo
Published: May 2016

El Perú es un país de alta prevalencia de tuberculosis (TBC) y endémico para la infección por el virus linfotrópico humano de células T tipo I (HTLV-I). Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la infección por HTLV-I y la mortalidad de los pacientes hospitalizados por TBC. Material y métodos: Los pacientes que ingresaron consecutivamente con el diagnóstico de TBC a los servicios de hospitalización de los Departamentos de Medicina Interna y de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia fueron entrevistados y sometidos a una prueba diagnóstica para la infección por HTLV-I. Se revisaron sus historias clínicas y los libros de altas para definir el resultado de la hospitalización. Las variables clínicas y epidemiológicas que estuvieron asociadas con mortalidad durante la hospitalización en el análisis univariado fueron incluidos en un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Se incluyeron 193 pacientes hospitalizados con TBC; 14 tuvieron infección por HTLV-I (7.3%). En el análisis multivariado, la infección por HTLV-I (OR ajustado 9.4; IC 2.2 – 40.6), TBC meníngea (OR ajustado 3.8; IC 1.3 – 11.5) y la condición de infección por VIH desconocido (OR ajustado 0.2; IC 0.04 – 0.6) se encontraron asociadas con la mortalidad durante la hospitalización. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que la infección por HTLV-I es frecuente entre los pacientes hospitalizados con TBC y que existe una relación independiente entre esta infección y la mortalidad durante la hospitalización.
FUNDAMENTOS DA DIAGENESSE ÓSSEA E SUAS FORMAS DE AVALIAÇÃO USANDO AS TÉCNICAS ESPECTROSCOPICAS DE FTIR-ATR E DRX
Authors: Mutzenberg Daniela Cisneiros Silva , Sullasi Henry S. Lavalle , Farias Allysson Allan de , Santos André Luiz Campelo dos , Barbosa Mattheus Belo Guimarães
Published: May 2016

Arqueometria é uma abordagem multidisciplinar dirigida a uma grande gama de assuntos das diferentes áreas da Arqueologia, auxiliando com respostas às suas indagações. Uma área também pouco estudada ainda é a Arqueoquímica que, dentro de seus tópicos, tem o estudo dos parâmetros diagenéticos a partir de técnicas espectroscópicas. Neste trabalho, é feita uma revisão dos conjuntos de processos que envolvem as alterações físicas, químicas, histológicas e mecânicas chamadas de diagênese. Além disso, neste mesmo trabalho, foram comparadas duas técnicas de análise: a espectroscopia Fourier transform infrared by attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), que analisa a interação da radiação com a matéria, com o objetivo de determinar as energias das vibrações das moléculas; e a Difração de Raios X (DRX), técnica que caracteriza a estrutura cristalina dos materiais. Ambas as técnicas foram aplicadas em um fragmento de tíbia humana evidenciado no sítio Pedra do Alexandre no Rio Grande do Norte, um fêmur bovino evidenciado no sítio Pilar em Pernambuco e um fêmur humano moderno. Os parâmetros diagenéticos foram determinados com o intuito de avaliar sua aplicação comparando ambas as técnicas no estudo da diagênese óssea. ABSTRACTArchaeometry is multidisciplinary approach addressed to a wide range of topics from different archaeological areas, supporting it with answers for its quests. One area poor studied yet is archaeochemistry that within its topics has the study of diagenetic parameters by spectroscopic techniques. This work is a review of the processes that involve the physical, chemical, histological and mechanic called diagenesis. Moreover, it was also compared two techniques of spectroscopic analysis, ATR-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared by attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy) that analyzes the interaction between radiation of the matter with the aim to determine the molecule vibrations energy; and the X-ray diffraction (XRD), technique that characterize the materials crystalline structure. Both techniques were applied in a human tibia fragment evidenced in Pedra do Alexandre archaeological site, Rio Grande do Norte state; one bovine femur from Pilar archaeological site, Pernambuco state; and one modern human femur. The diagenetic parameters were determined in order to evaluate its application comparing both techniques in the bone diagenesis study.Keywords: bones diagenesis, spectroscopy, archeology.
Ionosphere, Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG): A Quantitative and Qualitative Study
Authors: Alam Md. Nurul
Published: May 2016

The present study explores the characteristics of the literature and growth of Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) research in India during 1960-2014, based on Web of Science (WoS) database and make quantitative and qualitative assessment by way of analysing various features of research output by using the scientometric techniques. A total of 2748 journal articles were published on Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG), which received total 20705 citations. The average number of publications per year is 119.40 and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is 6.96% and the average number of citations per publication was 7.53. The publications peaked in the year 2014 with 504 publications and the highest number of citations (3248) was in 2006. This study analyzes the research studies based on year of publication, journal, international collaboration, spatial distribution and keyword occurrence frequency. The results of this work reveal that the publication on the Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) have grown high at a slow rate over the past 54 years and the curve fits the polynomial curve with R² = 0.863. Publications on Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) appeared in 267 journals of which most active journal was “Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physic” published by American Geophysical Union originating from USA and 324(11.790 %) of the total 2748 publications. A total of 3332 authors contributed on Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) research. The most active author was Rastogi RG produced maximum no. of publications 165(6.004%) of total publications. 1073 institutions contributed of which Indian Institute of Geomagnetism; Mumbai, India is the most productive institution. For globalization of Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) Research in India, the results show there were 73 Countries/territories which participated in Ionosphere Magnetosphere and Geomagnetism (IMG) research. USA produced maximum publications 274 that is 9.971% of total publication with higher citations (4978). A Keyword analysis reveals that ‘‘Plasma’’, ‘‘waves’’, ‘‘Irregularities’’ and “F-region”. are the most used keywords.
Butterfly diversity of paddy growing area in winter and pre-monsoon season (Rabi crop) at Silezari site of Gondia district, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ganvir Dharmik R. , Khune Chintaman J.
Published: May 2016

A systematic survey was carried out on butterflies of agricultural field during winter and pre-monsoon season, Silezari, Vidarbha, India because it is now clear that agricultural fields particularly paddy field are unique ecosystems that provide some butterflies to complete their life span.. Total 24 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 20 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family is consisting of maximum number of genera and species and only one species recorded from family Papilionidae. Maximum species richness reported from March and April month. The present study will encourage the conservation of a wide range of indigenous butterfly species in an area.
Grammatical Cohesion in Teacher Trainees’ Argument Essay: A Linguistics Analysis of Argument essay of a Private College of Education in Ghana
Authors: Daniels Josephine Brew , Kwabena Anto Sylvester
Published: May 2016

This study examines grammatical cohesion in teacher trainees’ argument essay. Twenty scripts of teacher trainees’ argument essay were purposely selected from a total of hundred essays which were assessed by two inter-raters and used as data for the study. The study basically applied a qualitative method of analysis to the data. The theoretical framework that underpins the study is Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) influential theory of cohesion in English. Three major findings were made. First, teacher trainees frequently use reference and conjunctions to achieve coherence in their argument essay. Second, a good quality essay cannot be judged on the number of cohesive markers present, linguistic features such as grammatical rules of concord and verb tense are equally important. The study further showed that the least used cohesive devices are substitution and ellipsis. The findings of this study have implications for pedagogy and further research.
Electrocoagulation and nanofiltration integrated process application in purification of bilge water using response surface methodology
Authors: Akarsu Ceyhun , Ozay Yasin , Dizge Nadir , Elif Gulsen H. , Ates Hasan , Gozmen Belgin , Turabik Meral
Published: May 2016

Marine pollution has been considered an increasing problem because of the increase in sea transportation day by day. Therefore, a large volume of bilge water which contains petroleum, oil and hydrocarbons in high concentrations is generated from all types of ships. In this study, treatment of bilge water by electrocoagulation/electroflotation and nanofiltration integrated process is investigated as a function of voltage, time, and initial pH with aluminum electrode as both anode and cathode. Moreover, a commercial NF270 flat-sheet membrane was also used for further purification. Box–Behnken design combined with response surface methodology was used to study the response pattern and determine the optimum conditions for maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and minimum metal ion contents of bilge water. Three independent variables, namely voltage (5–15 V), initial pH (4.5–8.0) and time (30–90 min) were transformed to coded values. The COD removal percent, UV absorbance at 254 nm, pH value (after treatment), and concentration of metal ions (Ti, As, Cu, Cr, Zn, Sr, Mo) were obtained as responses. Analysis of variance results showed that all the models were significant except for Zn (P > 0.05), because the calculated F values for these models were less than the critical F value for the considered probability (P = 0.05). The obtained R2 and Radj2 values signified the correlation between the experimental data and predicted responses: except for the model of Zn concentration after treatment, the high R2 values showed the goodness of fit of the model. While the increase in the applied voltage showed negative effects, the increases in time and pH showed a positive effect on COD removal efficiency; also the most effective linear term was found as time. A positive sign of the interactive coefficients of the voltage–time and pH–time systems indicated synergistic effect on COD removal efficiency, whereas interaction between voltage and pH showed an antagonistic effect.
Using Humor in Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Worthy of Further Investigation
Authors: Canha Benjamin
Published: May 2016

Throughout the literature, humor has demonstrated positive effects on memory and learning, as well as physiological and psychological well being. Research has described improvements in communication and trust through the use of humor in the nurse-patient relationship. The utilization of humor with certain populations, including those with anxiety disorders, cancer patients and mood disorders has also been widely described in the literature but little research has been conducted with humor use in patients’ recovery from substance use disorders. This population might benefit from the thoughtful applications of humor to promote laughter and mirth as well as learning recovery principles. A review of the humor theories, theoretical processes and humor styles are discussed for their use in individuals with substance use disorders, in particularly for early recovery engagement in 12 step programs and other recover support social networks. The application of humor in efforts to support recovery with substance use disorder patients is worth investigating further.
The Use of Phone Technology in Outpatient Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Duarte Ana C. , Thomas Sue A.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

A systematic review was conducted to identify the types of phone technology used in the adult outpatient population with a focus on Hispanic patients and psychiatric populations.

Methods:

A search for articles was conducted on the EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO databases. Articles reviewed were peer-reviewed, full-text, English language and published through mid-November 2014.

Results:

Twenty-one articles were included in this review and grouped according to combinations of phone technology, medical specialty area and population. For all articles, phone technology was defined as telephone, cell, or smart phone. Technology was used in psychiatry with Hispanic population in four articles, in psychiatry with non-Hispanic population in seven articles and in other specialties with Hispanic population in ten articles. Articles were evaluated for quality. Six articles were assessed as strong, eight were moderate and seven were weak in global quality. Interventions included direct communication, text messaging, interactive voice response, camera and smart phone app. Studies with Hispanic populations used more text messaging, while studies in psychiatry favored direct communication. The majority of articles in all groups yielded improvements in health outcomes.

Conclusion:

Few studies have been conducted using phone technology in Hispanic and psychiatric populations. Various phone technologies can be helpful to patients in diverse populations and have demonstrated success in improving a variety of specific and overall healthcare outcomes. Phone technologies are easily adapted to numerous settings and populations and are valuable tools in efforts to increase access to care.
High-Speed Rail, Corporate Real Estate and Firm Location in the Central Business District: The Results from Two Surveys (2008; 2014) in Reims
Authors: Bazin-Benoit Sylvie , Beckerich Christophe , Delaplace Marie
Published: May 2016

The arrival of High Speed Rail (HSR) often gives rise to a development of office and corporate real estate programs around the central station where firms are expected to locate. But the question is to know if HSR is, in itself, a location factor or if it induces an indirect effect by triggering a supply of business real estate, which then explains the location of firms. The aim of this paper is to identify the exact role of HSR in firms’ choice of location, and on real estate supply, at the time of opening of HSR services and during their development.

We analyzed the case of Reims, a city served since 2007 by the Eastern Europe High Speed Line. Its district near the central station has been transformed into a so-called business district. Two surveys interviewing firms were conducted in 2008 and 2014 respectively. The results of the first survey clearly show that use of HSR does not directly explain the location, but the image effect it generates real estate investments. Such programs quickly find real estate buyers and tenants, mainly local ones, but less from companies outside the city. The second survey makes it possible to identify whether the dynamics noticed in the short term, where strong expectations existed, are still relevant seven years later. Interviews with developers and investors make it possible to identify the reasons why they have invested in this district. This last survey shows the importance of local developers, local public stakeholders and of land availability, but also that HSR becomes, for some firms, a direct location factor.
Complement sentences - complementizers of causative-manipulative verbs
Authors: Alanovic Milivoj
Published: May 2016

This paper presents the key structural and semantic features of the
complement sentences that have the primary function of direct or indirect
objects of one type of causative verbs - causative-manipulative verbs. Since
the syntactic literature frequently discusses the structural characteristics
of the complement sentences, the main objective of this article is focused on
the semantic diversity of this type of sentences. The goal of the article is
to determine the dependence of the realized meaning of a sentence on the
semantic type of the main verb. Although the conjunction da is a typical
subordinator of these sentences, a series of communicative verbs allows the
use of complement sentences with interrogative adverbs and pronouns in the
function of conjunctions.
Cultural borrowing - Serbian jogurt between the east and the west
Authors: Petrovic Snezana , Djindjic Marija
Published: May 2016

The paper offers an analysis of the cultural borrowing process of the Turkish
word yo?urt ?yogurt? in Serbian. The study begins with the analysis of the
Serbian lexical material from the 19th century, when the word jogurt was
marked as an exclusively foreign word. The comparison with the present status
of the meaning and usage of the word jogurt in contemporary Serbian, in which
the word is part of the standard language, shows two different layers of the
borrowing process: the Ottoman Turkish period and the Non-Turkish one. The
most recent, Post-Ottoman borrowing layer is illustrated by the usage of
jogurt as an element of a proverb that is a calque from the Turk. Sutten a?z?
yanan yo?urdu (veya ayran?) ufleyerek yer (veya icer) ?who gets burned by
milk, blows into yogurt as well?. Aiming to present a complex process of this
cultural borrowing, the data from Serbian is compared to the relevant data
from other Balkan and European languages.
Educational and work resources and orientations of young people in Serbia in the period of unblocked postsocialist transformation
Authors: Mojic Dusan
Published: May 2016

Educational and work resources as well as orientations have been analyzed in
the paper in the wider context of education-to-work transitions of young
people in Serbia during the period of unblocked postsocialist transformation.
By using the theoretical approach of social biographies and results of the
research on transitional regimes the intention has been to point to social
and cultural context and their influence on youth resources and orientations
in creation of education-to-work social biographies. Hypothesis about the
existence of elements of sub-protective and postsocialist transitional regime
has been confirmed, since the results showed that the scarcity of system
resources and possession of family resources to a large extent shape the
individual pathways of young people in education-to-work sphere.
Some problems in performing observations in the social sciences: Going to the field, sampling, issues in observation procedures, ethical issues and personal equation of the observer
Authors: Ilic Vladimir
Published: May 2016

The paper discusses the problems of going to the field, sampling, some issues
in observation procedures, ethical issues and personal equation of the
observer. Problems related to the choice of some of the different possible
roles of observers, like noting and recording their observations and
comments, as well as classifying and processing of data and analysis of
results, are omitted due to space limitations. In this paper, one strongly
advocates the need to apply observation as an integrated process, with all
its various forms arising within psychology, sociology, anthropology and
ethology. Widespread division into participatory qualitative and quantitative
systematic or structured observation to a large extent is challenged. The
author tries to argue that the presentation of observations shows that
emphasizing the difference between the above-mentioned methods of observation
are largely due to the influence and interests which come from the wider
social environment.
Influence of corn flour as pore forming agent on porous ceramic material based mullite: Morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Ayala-Landeros J.G. , Saucedo-Rivalcoba V. , Bribiesca-Vasquez S. , Castaño V.M. , Martínez-Hernández A.L. , Velasco-Santos C.
Published: May 2016

Porous material was processed by the mixing, molding and pressing the ceramic
material, afterward burnout and sintering; through the forming porous, using
corn flour at different concentration (10, 15 and 20 wt.%) as a pore forming
agent; in order to determinate the influence of porous on the mechanical,
morphological and structural properties. The effect of the volume fraction of
corn flour in the mullite matrix, at various sintering temperature from 1100,
1200, 1300 and 1500?C were tested by Diffraction X ray, showing changes in
crystalline phases of mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2), as result of sintered
temperatures. Presence of talcum powder in formula, also cause the formation
of the cordierite and cristobalite crystalline phases, giving stability and
adhesion to the structure of ceramic material. When sintering at temperatures
between 1300 to 1500?C, and it was used the concentration of corn flour 15-20
wt.% as forming agent porous, it was found the better mechanical properties.
The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the presence of open porosity
and anisotropy.
How Insights from the “New” JDM Research Can Improve Auditor Judgment: Fundamental Research Questions and Methodological Advice
Authors: Griffith Emily E. , Kadous Kathryn , Young Donald
Published: May 2016

We examine recent developments in judgment and decision-making (JDM) research to provide insight into how two big ideas in this area can be leveraged as overlapping frameworks to examine and improve auditor judgment. The ideas are (1) that human thinking and reasoning can be characterized by a dual-process model and (2) that conscious and nonconscious goals drive cognition. Despite that these ideas are well established in the broader JDM literature and have great promise for improving auditor judgment, we observe minimal use of them in the audit JDM literature. Thus, we briefly outline these ideas, and we develop fundamental, high-level research questions related to audit JDM research that are based on these ideas. Finally, we provide guidance for designing and evaluating experiments that effectively use these frameworks, whether in auditing or other rich decision-making contexts. The frameworks can help researchers improve audit quality by enhancing our understanding of auditors' judgment processes and the factors that influence them, by allowing for new ways of thinking about how to improve auditor judgment, and by suggesting new interventions for improving auditor judgment.
Optimisation Study of Production-Injection Ratio for Steam Flooding
Authors: Xia Zhang , Xialin Zhang
Published: May 2016

Production-injection ratio (PIR) is one of the most important factors to affect steam flooding performance. Previous research and field applications of steam flooding have confirmed a common conclusion that the production- injection ratio should not be less 1.2 to achieve higher oil recovery for a conventional heavy oil reservoir.

This paper presents the optimization study of production-injection ratio for an unconventional heavy oil reservoir with edge/bottom water. Aimed to Jin 45 Block of Liaohe Oilfield, experimental and numerical simulations are carried out and sensibility analyses are focused on the effect of aquifer size. Compared to the conventional heavy oil reservoir, the results of this study have validated as follows:The optimum production-injection ratio (OPIR) of Jin 45 block steam flooding is significantly dependent on the size of its aquifer. Actually, if only the reservoir pressure is available to steam flooding, the OPIR will reduce with aquifer increasing.With the aquifer increasing, the reservoir pressure before steam flooding will relatively increases, thus steam specific volume decreasing and production-injection balance point removing.The difference of production-injection ratio reflects a balance relationship between production and injection underground. For a heavy oil reservoir with edge water, production-injection balance should be completely maintained to prevent water invading which will seriously lead to bad thermal efficiency of steam flooding.Note that the OPIR should be understood as an average concept. Essentially, the production-injection ratio is differently implemented at different stages of steam flooding. Hence, the interval ratio will be corresponding different.

This paper suggests that actual reservoir condition and production performance should be globally taken into account to optimize the production-injection ratio at every stage of steam flooding. It is a considerable strategy to satisfy the management requirement of steam flooding program.
Nano-Ceramic Coatings - A Means for Enhancing Bit Life and Reducing Drill String Trips
Authors: Sengupta Soumyadipta , Kumar Animesh
Published: May 2016

Drilling bit is the main tool which performs the task of grinding and cutting through the formation. This causes cracking, spallation and delamination of the drilling bit and it needs to be replaced periodically depending upon the formation conditions. This replacement of the bit require stripping the drill string and running it in again which causes loss of time. Also, a new bit has to be installed which causes monetary loss. Coating the bit with Nano-Ceramic coatings can help reduce the wear and tear significantly. Another promising fact is that these coatings don't allow the metal substrate below to be affected. So, the worn out bit can be recoated with a fresh layer of Nano-Ceramic coatings and be reused. This paper shall go through the Nano-Ceramic crystalline structure, coating processes, testing mechanical properties (Young's Modulus, Bond strength, Tensile strength) of the coatings and the comparison of mechanical properties of conventional and Nanostructured coatings. An application of this technology will be to use it for bits to drill highly abrasive formations like those formed by igneous rocks.

The Nano-Ceramic coatings are made from an Al2O3-TiO2 Nano-Ceramic powder. This is applied on the bit surface via plasma coating method. The powder is partially melted to form grains of varying sizes. This lack of homogeneity is a major factor in enhancement of mechanical properties which will be explained further in the paper. There is a marked reduction in propagation of cracks as seen under SEM photographs. There is doubling of Bond strength as compared to conventional coatings. The toughness is about 2–4 times that of a conventional coating. This shall be further illustrated in the paper with help of graphs and images.

This technology could lead to huge savings for operators as tripping frequency would be reduced. The replaceability of the bit also ensures savings for the operating company.
How Ball Materials Impact the Performance of Open Hole Fracturing Systems
Authors: Baihly Jason , Johnson Joshua , Melenyzer George , Aviles Isaac
Published: May 2016

During the past decade, the completion technique used in liquid-richun conventional plays in North America has undergone a transformation. Today, the vast majority of completions in these areas are open-hole (OH) graduated ball-drop fracturing isolation systems. This preferred completion type for horizontal wells is driven by the efficiency gains in fracturing operations and the production gains when compared to previously used completion techniques. Thousands of open-hole fracturing systems are run each year, with a continuously growing stage count.

Graduated ball-drop type completions rely on a sliding sleeve activated by a ball dropped from surface. Each ball travels the length of the lateral well to its intended operational depth, at which it meets a mated seat and isolates the wellbore below. Once the ball is in position, the sliding sleeve opens via the hydraulic force on the ball and seat, allowing a fracturing stage to commence. This dual function of the ball—activation and sealing—is of extreme importance for the stimulation treatment process. If the ball fails, it will result in bypassed pay zones and unintentional refracturing of previously stimulated zones. Although sometimes surface pressures can be used to infer ball behavior, often the pressure signals observed at surface cannot guarantee successful ball performance.

This paper will present an extensive study of ball performance under pressure for the most common ball materials in the industry. Phenolic, composite and metal alloy materials were explored with the pros and cons for each investigated. In particular three main areas were analyzed:molding, layering and extrusion of material versus inconsistencies in ball performance;ball deformation at high pressure versus pressure required to bring the ball off seat; andcomparison of the performance of phenolic, composite and metal alloy materials for ball fabrication and their performance at high temperature.

Manufacturing variability is also explored on this paper. The impact on the manufacturing process on the performance of balls made of the same material is presented by means of laboratory experimentation.

The conclusions from this paper provide operators the necessary information to consider when making completion and ball material decisions in their field operations. In particular, the results of this testing may illuminate some previously unexplainable occurrences in graduated ball sliding-sleeve systems. This testing clarified that not all fracturing balls pumped in horizontal wells perform equivalently under wellbore fracture conditions.
Effective Uncertainty Management Strategies to Successfully Deliver Horizontal Well in Changbei Gas Field
Authors: Wu Lei , Yang Ping , Pranata Haruji M. , Su Wu , Xu Li , Wang Xueqin , Yang Yatao
Published: May 2016

Multi-lateral horizontal wells are being applied in field development extensively, especially in unconventional oil and gas reservoir in order to maximize economic development of it. Uncertainties are always present and are very significant in unconventional oil and gas reservoir. These uncertainties could be Geology-related and Engineering-related or exist in the available data. Industry has been using uncertainty analysis to identify, address and mitigate risk. Horizontal well objectives in Changbei Field are to drill 2kmdual lateral wells into thin reservoir while maximizing production and minimizing well cost. One of prime challenges was to land and drill in <10m reservoir in channel margin by using conventional tool under limited budget, this was particularly challenging in Changbei's braided channel complex with high reservoir heterogeneity.

By classifying all uncertainties available during delivering horizontal well, this paper takes Changbei tight gas field as an example to discuss an integrated application of the workflow performing uncertainty analysis on geological and engineering parameters and identify the effective uncertainty management strategies based on it.

The proposed uncertainty management strategies have been applied to tens of horizontal well in Changbei gas field, and the operation result show that it reduced the associated risks or uncertainties substantially compared to the pre-applied case and improved horizontal wells planning and placement efficiently and economically.
Reserve Reporting Under Modern Fiscal Agreements
Authors: Young E.D. , Lasswell F.M.
Published: May 2016

In the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, the ability to report reserves can be an important factor for many companies when considering upstream opportunities to invest and participate in. A common misconception is that when a company reports reserves, the reserves and underlying resources are owned by the company. While this may be true for some forms of concession and lease agreements, resource ownership almost always remains with the host government under modern production sharing (PSC) and risked technical service agreements (TSA). Reserves are primarily reported to comply with host country resource management requirements or the contractor'shome country capital market regulatory rules. The reporting of reserves reporting does not necessarily imply resource ownership.

This paper discusses why the reporting of reserves is an important consideration for many companies and focuses on the key principles and agreement elements that enable reserves to be reported under a wide range of agreement types. The paper also discusses how the evolution of fiscal agreements, from early concessions through present-day risked technical service agreements has changed the way reported reserves are determined. In addition, the paper includes a brief discussion of the industry classification systems that are used to characterize reserves and how the investment community utilizes reserves information to assess company performance.

The authors hope that the discussion and insights offered by this paper will improve the understanding of the basis for reserve reporting, clarify that reserve reporting does not necessarily imply ownership of the underlying resources and will help enhance the development of mutually beneficial fiscal agreements in the future.
Well Architecture: Prediction of the Life Cycle Critical Drawdown Offered by Means of Passive Sand Control
Authors: Chong Danny , Chan Keng Seng
Published: May 2016

Most Geomechanical studies detail the conditions of which a given reservoir will fail given the stress states and rock strength. A full study usually involves rock mechanic tests, verification of in situ stresses, and the calibration of logs to produce a mechanical earth model. The result of these studies is usually the critical drawdown and bottom hole pressures at current and future depleted pressures.

There is, however, no published method on how to evaluate the value of sand control in a given field development. This issue can become a hindrance when it comes to finalizing or justifying a particular AFE budget. A method is formulated where the critical bottom hole flowing pressure is determined from a verified sand failure criterion. An abandonment pressure is predetermined, and material balance calculations are done for every fixed pressure drop. The inflow performance relationship is developed from deterministic parameters, and adjusted to well test results. A critical flowing rate is then inferred from the critical flowing bottom hole pressure. Pressure conditions where the sand fails results in a critical flowing rate of zero. The cumulative production and producing duration can then be determined. This method can be programmed in a computer spreadsheet asiterations are required for the numerical determination of critical drawdown and material balance calculations. The dynamic coupling between sand failure prediction, inflow performance, and material balance calculation enables the life cycle evaluation of passive sand control.

This paper provides a general guideline of optimizing EUR and the producing duration by minimizing sand production risk through optimized well trajectory, perforation orientation, selective perforation, and sand face completion design
Simulation of Three Phase Capillary Pressure Curves Directly in 2D Rock Images
Authors: Zhou Y. , Helland J.O. , Hatzignatiou D.G.
Published: May 2016

Pore-scale modeling of three-phase capillary pressure in realistic poregeometries could contribute to an increased knowledge of three-phase displacement mechanisms and also provide support to time-consuming and challenging core-scale laboratory measurements. In this work we have developed a semi-analytical model for computing three-phase capillary pressure curves and the corresponding three-phase fluid configurations in uniformly-wet rock image sencountered during tertiary gas invasion. The fluid configurations and favorable entry pressure are determined based on free energy minimization by combining all physically allowed gas-oil, gas-water, and oil-water arc menisciin various ways. The model is shown to reproduce all three-phase displacements and capillary entry pressures that previously have been derived in idealized angular tubes for gas invasion at uniform water-wet conditions. These single-pore displacement mechanisms include (i) gas invasion into pores occupied by oil and water leading to simultaneous displacement of the three fluids, (ii) simultaneous invasion of bulk gas and surrounding oil into water filled pores, and finally (iii) the pure two-phase fluid displacements in which gas invades pores occupied by either water or oil.

The proposed novel semi-analytical model is validated against existing analytical solutions developed in a star-shape pore space, and subsequently employed on an SEM image of Bentheim sandstone to simulate three-phase fluid configurations and capillary pressure curves at uniform water-wet conditions and different spreading coefficents. The simulated fluid configurations for the different spreading coefficients show similar oil layer behaviour as previously published experimental three-phase fluid configurations obtained by computed microtomography in Bentheim sandstone. The computed saturation paths indicate that three-phase oil-water capillary pressure is a function of the water saturation only, whereas the three-phase gas-oilcapillary pressure appears to be a function of two saturations. This is explained by the three-phase displacements occurring in the majority of the simulations, in which gas-water interfaces form immediately during gas invasion into oil- and water-saturated pore shapes.
Platong Gas II Project - World Class Project Execution Through Processes and People
Authors: Maleevat R. , Sae-Seai S. , Werner K.S.
Published: May 2016

In October 2011, Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production Limited (CTEP)reached an important milestone with the commissioning and start up the PlatongGas II Central Process Platform (CPP). The CPP is able to deliver up to 420MMSCFD of natural gas and 22,000 BPD of condensate with full water injection facilities. This represents a 20% increase in total gas production from CTEP operated assets, as well as a 10 % increase in the overall gas production for the Kingdom of Thailand. Importantly, this was achieved without compromising large base business operations which deliver up to 1600 MMSCFD of natural gas to Thailand. The $3.1 billion project was successfully delivered by the project team after overcoming many challenges which could have adversely impacted both cost and schedule. Significant challenges included: the hi-jacking of structural steel, high casing wear in wells during drilling and development, and a pipeline integrity event.

In the face of these challenges, the project went from Final Investment Decision (FID) in March 2008 to full production in October 2011 with "best inclass" on safety, project execution and reserve discovery performance. With the largest float over topside ever installed by Chevron (19,200 tons) and the initial 4 remote production platforms with 92 drilled wells, the project team achieved a flawless, world class start up to full production within two weeks.

Each of the challenges faced by this project was overcome by delivering high performance through people and processes aligned with the Chevron Way. The execution plan focused on putting the right mix of experienced people together so subject matter experts (both internal and external) from engineering and base business operations could effectively combine and successfully deliver the project. The value placed around collaboration with the asset team and offshore operations team ensured a seamless transition to operations. Standard processes employed included the disciplined application of reservoir management best practices, leading drilling technology, well head platforms and pipelines fabrication and installation, and Chevron's MCP project management tool kit. Together, people and processes led to a safe and world class project and positioned Platong Gas II as a model of Chevron Project execution via an integrated multifunctional team.