bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Papestiev Vasil , Jovev Sasko , Sokarovski Marjan , Risteski Petar , Andova Valentina , Zdraveski Vangel , Dzeljilji Kujtim , Grazhdani Sonja , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica
Published: December 2019

AIM: This prospective study was designed to evaluate the changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with both normal and abnormal pre-operative systolic function.
METHODS: During the period from October 2017 to October 2018, forty-seven consecutive patients undergoing CABG were enrolled in this prospective study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 1 week before CABG as well as 4 to 6 months after surgery. All measurements were made by a single experienced investigator.
RESULTS: While the mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) showed neither improvement nor significant reduction in the whole group of patients following CABG (from 54.21 Â± 15.36 to 53.66 Â± 11.56%, p = 0.677), significant improvement in LVEF was detected in the subgroup of patients with pre-operative LV dysfunction (from 40.05 Â± 8.65 to 45.85 Â± 9.04%, p = 0.008). On the other hand, there was a significant decline in LEFT in the subgroup of patients with normal pre-operative LEFT (from 64.70 Â± 9.72 to 59.44 Â± 9.75%, p = 0.008). As for the other parameters of systolic function, significant decrease in LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) (p = 0.001), LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) (p = 0.0001), wall motion score index (WMSI) (p = 0.013) and LVmass index in male patients (p = 0.011) was shown only in patients with decreased LVEF after CABG. Patients with improved postoperative LVEF (53.2% of all patients) had significantly lower baseline LVEF (p = 0.0001), higher LVESVI (0.009) and higher WMSI (p = 0.006) vs patients with worsened postoperative LVEF (38.3% of all patients). Postoperative improvement of LVEF was correlated with stabile angina, lack of preoperative myocardial infarction and smoking, higher baseline WMSI, higher LV internal diameters and indexed volumes in diastole and systole and lower baseline LVEF. In stepwise linear regression analysis the value of baseline LVEF appeared as independent predictor of improved LVEF after CABG (B = 0,836%; 95% CI 0.655-1.017; p = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Our study showed that LVEF, internal baseline diameters and indexed volumes of LV in diastole and systole are important determinants of postoperative change in LVEF. In patients with preoperative depressed myocardial function, there is an improvement in systolic function, whereas in patients with preserved preoperative myocardial function, the decline in postoperative LVEF was detected.
Masculinités des hommes réfugiés rohingyas en Malaisie : le rôle des violences de genre
Authors: Voisin Élodie
Published: December 2019

À travers l'étude des violences de genre en contexte de migrations forcées, parmi les Rohingyas de Birmanie réfugiés en Malaisie, cet article tentera de répondre à deux questions : quel rôle jouent, ici, les violences de genre dans la construction des masculinités ? En quoi les travaux sur la militarisation peuvent-ils être utiles ? En Malaisie, second pays de destination pour les réfugiés rohingyas, deux formes de masculinité sont observables : une hypermasculinité (idéalisant la violence et la misogynie) et une « masculinité du peuple » (l'immersion en Dieu et l'idée d'un peuple musulman). Ces deux formes de masculinité sont des tentatives par les réfugiés d'incarner une masculinité dans une situation de vulnérabilités sociales multiples et complexes. Cette analyse sur les violences de genre permet de rendre visibles des dynamiques militarisées, masculinisées, racialisées et genrées cachées derrière des rhétoriques nationalistes et protectionnistes.
Le contrôle de la qualification par la Cour de cassation et la clôture du discours juridique
Authors: Lenoble Jacques
Published: December 2019

Un aspect particulièrement caractéristique de notre organisation de la fonction de juger, le contrôle des qualifications du juge du fond exercé par la Cour de cassation, est ici interrogé quant à ses effets sur le fonctionnement du discours juridique. Par le biais d’une analyse critique des diverses théories relatives à la nature et l’étendue d’un tel contrôle, il est montré que celui-ci, de faire l’objet d’une “plénitude de compétence” logiquement liée au caractère purement conceptuel de l’opération de qualification et de conduire à une identification fictive de la situation de fait et des notations abstraites du jugement de fait établi par le juge du fond, est l’indice d’une clôture du discours juridique.
Sprotni slovar slovenskega jezika 2018
Authors: Krvina Domen
Published: December 2019

Sprotni slovar slovenskega jezika 2018 prinaša novejše, uveljavljajoče se besedje, ki ga še ni v drugih slovarjih, predlagajo pa ga zlasti jezikovni uporabniki, in v nekoliko manjši meri najnovejše pomene besedja, ki je v drugih slovarjih že zajeto. Iztočnice so opremljene s polnimi oblikoslovnimi podatki in temeljnimi podatki o pomenu, rabi in morebitni zaznamovanosti besede. Pri poimenovanjih za osebe slovar med iztočnice uvršča tudi feminative, brž ko so v jezikovnem gradivu zaznani.
How atmospheres inform urban planning practice – insights from the Tempelhof airfield in Berlin
Authors: Mackrodt Ulrike
Published: December 2019

The fundamental subject matter of urban planning is urban space. However, this fact is rarely reflected in planning theory. Instead of dealing with the everyday use of urban space and its atmospheric perception, planning discourse is dominated by theories of action, which primarily focus on communication processes within planning practice. The role of urban space within these planning negotiations is often overlooked. By disregarding the feeling and sensing body/subject as being the base of any perception – including those of planning professionals – planning discourse has left out the chances of a more comprehensive understanding of how planning decisions occur. The article aims to fill this epistemological gap by applying the concept of atmospheres to the case study of the planning process for the former inner-city airfield Tempelhof in Berlin. Thereby it becomes possible to consider the impact of the – borrowing Gernot Böhme’s terminology – ‘unobtrusive obtrusiveness’ of atmospheres on the controversial planning case of Tempelhof airfield. The empirical findings – based on interview data – demonstrate how the planners’ atmospheric perception of Tempelhof airfield translates into distinctive, and more importantly, controversial planning decisions. In doing so, the article provides a basis for developing atmospheric competences, which have been absent in urban planning thus far.
The Llonin Cave (Peñamellera Alta, Asturias, Spain), level III (Galería): techno-typological characterisation of the Badegoulian lithic and bone assemblages
Authors: Rasilla Vives Marco de la , Duarte Matías Elsa , Aura Tortosa Joan Emili , Sanchis Serra Alfred , Carrión Marco Yolanda , Pérez Ripoll Manuel , Rodríguez Otero Vicente
Published: December 2019

Llonin cave is located in the Cares river valley, between the sea and the
Cantabrian Cordillera. In level III, hunted fauna comes from a rocky and
mountainous biotope with chamois predominance over red deer and Spanish ibex. On
top of this level there is an Upper Magdalenian level (II) and underneath an
Upper Solutrean one (IV). Level III is formed by materials linked to fire, with
a specific functionality, and there is an extraordinary association of elements:
raclettes, single-beveled points (Placard type) and
“pseudoexcisa” decoration. In addition, the substrate tools dominate, beginning
with the splintered pieces, which are the best represented, both in quartzite
and flint, followed by notches and denticulates in quartzite. Flakes are the
priority blanks; blade production is low and bladelets are scarce. Actually the
archaeological record is not related to the Cantabrian Solutrean or the
Magdalenian, but agrees with the Badegoulian. The level has been dated
~18.000 BP (21584–21935 cal BP).
Sur la piste d’un peuplement pionnier de l’Azilien en Pyrénées : l’exemple des industries en roches volcaniques de La Balma de la Margineda (Andorre)
Authors: Martzluff Michel , Turu Valentí , Remolins-Zamora Gérard , Guilaine Jean
Published: December 2019

L’Azilien est attesté à la grotte de La Balma de la Margineda (Andorre) dès la fin du Bølling. L’étude de l’industrie du site a montré que la source des silex des premiers occupants se trouvait dans le bassin de l’Èbre. Toutefois, les harpons ayant caractérisé cette période dans le site éponyme du Mas d’Azil ainsi qu’en Aquitaine apparaissent brusquement à l’Allerød, avec l’utilisation massive d’une lave porphyrique sombre ainsi que d’autres laves acides vertes situées en altitude, dans la zone axiale métamorphique des Pyrénées catalanes. Or de récentes études sur l’englacement indiquent que le passage direct depuis l’Ariège par les cols était alors impossible. De nouvelles recherches pétrographiques montrent qu’une zone d’approvisionnement en roches éruptives fut exploitée dans le piémont de la Serra del Cadí, entre Cerdagne et bassin d’Urgell. Cela renouvelle notre compréhension du parcours de ces chasseurs et interroge sur les contacts entre différents groupes aziliens des deux versants de la chaîne.
Análise morfométrica das sub-bacias de 3ª ordem da bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Peixe, Minas Gerais
Authors: Giarola Isabela Belmira Santos , Amaral Cinthia Maria , Oliveira Daiane Evangelista de
Published: December 2019

A morfometria é fundamental para o entendimento da dinâmica ambiental de uma determinada área. A análise morfométrica e morfológica em bacias hidrográficas visa o compreendimento do modelado do relevo e da dinâmica fluvial local e regional e, através da aplicação de parâmetros morfométricos, pode-se avaliar quantitativamente o comportamento dessas unidades. A bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe, situada no sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, apresenta em seu território especificidades morfométricas quando comparada às áreas circunvizinhas e, com o intuito de investigar essas características morfométricas, este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender e explicar, embasado metodologicamente em interpretações geomorfológicas e morfométricas, a heterogeneidade do modelado das sub-bacias, de terceira ordem, que compõem a porção sul da bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe. Para espacialização dos resultados dos cálculos dos parâmetros morfométricos, foram gerados mapas temáticos que auxiliaram nas interpretações comparativas. Após análise dos resultados pôde-se concluir que as singularidades constatadas (expressivos lineamentos estruturais, controle litológico, variação litológica, rupturas de declive e zonas de cisalhamento) ao norte e ao oeste da porção sul da bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe podem ter relação com a variação litológica e também altimétrica.
Governança dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs), redes territoriais e proximidades na Amazônia brasileira: o caso do APL Goiaba no nordeste paraense brasileiro
Authors: Polge Etienne , Torre André , Piraux Marc
Published: December 2019

A influência das proximidades na construção das redes socioeconômicas suscita inúmeros debates na literatura. A presente contribuição visa estudar o funcionamento das coordenações entre atores em dispositivos de apoio às cadeias produtivas agrícolas e evidenciar o impacto de uma política pública de desenvolvimento territorial sobre esses dispositivos, com a ajuda de uma abordagem em termos de redes e de proximidades. Com esse intuito, a partir de dados relacionais primários coletados entre abril de 2012 e março de 2013, analisamos um Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de uma cadeia produtiva agrícola na Amazônia brasileira, apoiados por um dispositivo de governança territorial. O quadro de análise mobilizado, nos permite estudar e comparar os APLs, caracterizar os tipos de redes segundo os tipos de proximidades e destacar a importância do dispositivo de governança territorial para o fortalecimento e a perenização dos APLs.
Estrutura e funcionamento das paisagens da área de proteção ambiental do estuário do rio Curu/CE
Authors: Vidal Maria Rita , Mascarenhas Abraão Levi dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho analisamos a estrutura e funcionamento das paisagens da APA do Estuário do Rio Curu, litoral Oeste do Ceará/Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as bases teóricas e metodológicas da Geoecologia das Paisagens. O estudo demonstrou que a estrutura da paisagem da APA é composta por um mosaico de unidades moldadas, sobretudo, pela influência de fatores hidroclimáticos que conferem padrões distintos ao conjunto paisagístico de suas feições. O modelo funcional elaborado evidencia as conexões da paisagem de níveis hierárquicos diferentes que se unem mediante a ação das relações laterais. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo teórico e um mapa funcional que permitem esclarecer os mecanismos que regem o funcionamento da paisagem em estudo.
Representational and Attitudinal Sexual Objectification
Authors: Rea Michael Cannon
Published: December 2019

“James Tiptree Jr.” is a pseudonym of Alice B. Sheldon, US Air Force intelligence officer, CIA analyst, experimental psychologist, and one of the most important and highly acclaimed science fiction writers of the twentieth century. Sheldon’s work as Tiptree (both fiction and nonfiction) deals with a variety of important feminist concerns—among them, sexism, misogyny, objectification, sexual assault, the “otherness” of women, and silencing. This paper explores in a philosophical mode some of the important insights about objectification conveyed in one of Tiptree’s most well-known stories, “’And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill’s Side.” These insights lead naturally to a characterization of sexual objectification that both avoids problems with standard philosophical characterizations and also sheds important light on the relationship between objectification and silencing.
Do We Need to Redesign the Current Assessment System in Bangladesh? A Review of Theory and Practice
Authors: Chowdhury Faieza
Published: December 2019

In this current age of highly competitive global environment, teachers are under tremendous pressure to assess student learning in the most effective manner. Two tools that teachers commonly utilize to assess students in their classes are formative and summative assessment. In formative assessment, teachers gather data in order to improve student learning and in summative assessment they use the data to assess students’ learning at the end of a specific course of study. The scores on both types of assessment should meet the minimum standards of both reliability and validity. In this article we highlight the differences between the two forms of assessment, discuss the theories pertaining to summative and formative assessment, identify how educators at tertiary level in Bangladesh commonly utilize the two types of assessment and disclose opinions of teachers regarding whether the current assessment system is appropriate or need any further improvements. Findings from the study indicate that most teachers have an incomplete and unharmonious understanding about assessment often failing to clearly distinguish between formative and summative assessments.
Safety Climate and Culture Review: A Case Study of Water and Power Project
Authors: Almalki Badr , Zakaria Adel , Balkhyour Mansour A. , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: December 2019

Systematic management of occupational safety and health (OSH) issues requires attention in many aspects like regulatory, technical, organizational and managerial. Approaching OSH from an organizational culture perspective can also facilitate achieving sustainable improvements in organizational OSH performance. OSH culture helps in seeing and organizing safety from different perspectives and should not be reduced to a matter of culture only. The knowledge, information and data gathered is expected to be very useful in the process of improving OSH-related procedures, practices and policies, eventually leading to enhanced OSH performance. This paper attempts to describe a cultural approach towards understanding organizational OSH. It will help the readers, professionals, authorities, and policy makers in understanding OSH from a cultural point of view, and how to assess this OSH culture as part of the of organizational improvement process. The aim is to disseminate latest information on this complex topic, trying to build a bridge between practice and research. The scientific literature shows these two terms, safety climate and safety culture, are often interchangeable, but they are distinct but related concepts. The word "safety culture" is a complex and persistent feature reflecting fundamental assumptions, expectations, norms and values, which are also represented by societal culture while "safety climate" best pronounces attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of employees classically measured by surveys and observations. Safety culture measurement requires detailed investigation of how members in an organization interact to form a shared view of safety. This paper explores the ideas of an organization’s safety climate and culture for the purpose of determining which is more advantageous for accurately describing a "state of safety”. Preliminary results of a case study from a water and power project from Saudi Arabia has been added.
Diagnosis disclosure in patients with serious diseases
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Saeed Mahir Sadullah , Mohammed Ary Habeeb
Published: December 2019

Background: One of the most complicated ethical issues facing clinicians is whether they should disclose the diagnostic or prognostic information to patients. In this regard, the clinicians’ attitudes toward telling the truth about their patients’ health conditions and predictors of non-disclosing information were examined in this cross-sectional study.Methods: A purposive sample of clinicians (n = 98) with different educational levels and medical specialties was invited to this survey from different tertiary care hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan. The research items of attitudes were drawn from the literature.Results: The majority of the clinicians (65.3%) reported that breaking bad news is not an easy task. More than half of them (56.1%) preferred to tell the truth to the family rather than patients. The clinicians agreed to not disclose the information to the patients owing to cultural beliefs (27.5%), physiological impacts (37.7%), and non-cooperation of the patients in the therapeutic plan (28.6%). More than half of them (60.2%) mentioned that information disclosure might not necessarily be desired or helpful for patients at a specific time. Patients’ non-cooperation in treatment was determined to be a sole predictor for not-disclosing information about serious diseases.Conclusions: The study suggests that breaking bad news is not an easy task. We confirmed that medical information is not disclosed to the patients by a considerable number of clinicians in this region. Non-cooperation of the patients in the therapeutic plan was the predictor that clinicians do not disclose the information.
Are We Spinning Our Wheels? The Impact of PBIS, Counseling, and Mentoring on the Behavior and Achievement of Elementary Age African American Males
Authors: Buckley Elesha , Labat Myron , Lee David , Labat Cherie
Published: December 2019

The gap in educational achievement between African American males and their peers plays a key role in one of the most substantial problems facing American society (Burchinal, McCartney, Steinberg, Crosnoe, Friedman, McLoyd, & Picanta, 2011). However, the challenges faced by those working to narrow the achievement gap between African American males and their counterparts continue to persist. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), counseling, and mentoring on disruptive classroom behavior among African American males. The researchers also examined whether Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), counseling, and mentoring had an impact on reading scores of African-American male students in Pre-K through fifth grade. Prior studies in this area indicated that participation in PBIS was not a significant predictor of the number of disruptive behaviors that resulted in office referrals received by African American male students in Pre-K through fifth grade. Findings in this study seemed to be consistent with those studies. However, researchers did find participation in counseling to be a significant predictor of disruptive behaviors among African American male students in Pre-K through fifth grade.
Sexual Activity, Knowledge of Contraceptives Use among Females Choosing Termination of Pregnancy at a Provincial Clinic in South Africa
Authors: Mazuba Charity C , Maboe Kefiloe A , Botha Annalie D H
Published: December 2019

This study investigated sexual activity, knowledge of contraceptives use among females choosing termination of pregnancy (TOP) at a provincial clinic in South Africa.

This was a quantitative and observational study in the form of a cross-sectional survey. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 61 respondents who had terminated their pregnancies. Almost ninety-two (91.8%) percent of the respondents were single women between 18 and 27 years of age. Their level of education showed that 32% had completed high school, 28% were high school learners, 21.1% were tertiary education level learners and 1.8% had tertiary education. The frequency of sexual activity was mostly once a month (40%), followed by once a week (36.5%). Unemployment was high (36%), making the respondents dependent on government grants. Most of the women were aware of contraceptives methods (88.5%). The majority of the respondents (75.4%) have heard about emergency contraceptives (EC), while only 11.5% had never heard of contraceptives in general. The condom was the most popular method (54.1%), followed by the injection (45.9%). However, although 88.5% and 75.4% have heard of emergency contraceptives, their knowledge of contraceptives in general was very low. Contraceptives were used by 78.6% before termination of their pregnancy (TOP) and the most frequently used method was the injection at 36.6%. The respondents were the initiators of TOP.

The researchers recommended that awareness of contraceptives should be promoted, and programmes aimed at changing the behaviour of sexually active females should be designed in order for them to make use of reproductive health services and family planning. Continuous education on sexual activities and contraceptives needs to be given to women visiting a reproductive health clinic. Policymakers should facilitate access to modern contraceptives and promote their effectiveness in all disadvantaged communities, thus addressing the root cause of the termination of unplanned pregnancies.
Frequency of Going Out and Locomotive Syndrome Among Japanese Female Elderlies
Authors: Okada Fumie , Toyokawa Satoshi , Kaneko Takehiko , Furuhata Tadashi
Published: December 2019

Background: Japan is the world’s leading super-aged society, which makes locomotive syndrome an urgent issue. Because increasing the frequency of going out is considered a practical primary preventive measure against locomotive syndrome, we examined the relationship between the frequency of going out and locomotive syndrome in elderly females in Japan.

Methods: The subjects were 8,027 females from 46 prefectures in Japan who were living at home and aged 65 and older as of November 1, 2012. The study period was from November 1 to December 31, 2012. The survey was implemented by distributing questionnaires, as well as conducting face–to–face interviews. Odds ratios were obtained using logistic regression models with locomotive syndrome as the dependent variable.

Results: Eight thousands twenty seven females were analyzed in this study. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of locomotive syndrome depending on the frequency of going out (p<0.001) as the prevalence of locomotive syndrome decreased as the frequency of going out increased. When the results were adjusted for gender, the frequency of going out, age, use of national nursing–care insurance services, household composition, severity of obesity, and self-rated health, the prevalence of locomotive syndrome was high in those whose frequency of going out was “twice or less a week” (Odds ratio: 1.41, 95% Confidence interval 1.20–1.64).

Conclusions: The results suggest that it is possible to prevent locomotive syndrome by encouraging elderly people to maintain and increase their frequency of going out.
Corporate Governance Features and Efficiency: Evidence from the Saudi Arabian Banks
Authors: Bogari Adel
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to examine the effect of the Corporate Governance features as measured by the Independence of the board of directors, the board size and the ownership structure (private ownership/State ownership and foreign ownership) on the banking efficiency of Saudi Arabian banks. A data set of the twelve biggest banks for the period 2000 to 2017 is used. As for banking efficiency scores, the methodology is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It allows for Technical Efficiency, Pure Technical Efficiency and Scale Efficiency scores. The results of this study point to the significant role of The Independence (INDEP) variable supported by a positive and significant effect on efficiency in all regressions, indicating a positive relationship with the Technical Efficiency (TE) and the Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE). In the contrary, the independence of the board directors has a negative and significant effect on scale efficiency (SE). According to Board Size variable, results related to this later reveal a negative and a significant effect on technical efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) and Scale Efficiency (SE) in all regressions. Finally, as for the ownership structure variables, results confirm that Private Ownership (OWEN-P) provides positive and significant effects on both the Technical and the Scale Efficiency. This effect seems to be turn to be negative and significant when it is correlated to the Pure Technical Efficiency. State Ownership (OWEN-S) impacts positively and significantly the Technical Efficiency, the Pure Technical Efficiency and Scale Efficiency separately. As for the Foreign Ownership (OWEN-F) variable, except for the Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), we note a positive and significant effect on the Technical and Scale Efficiency. This study implies better Corporate Governance practices should be supported to improve the overall efficiency and its components. This includes in particular, the Board Size and the Ownership structure variables.
De ruimtegevende wetgever
Authors: de Kok D.R.P.
Published: December 2019

De ruimtegevende wetgever. Het right to challenge in vergelijking tot andere ruimtegevende instrumenten

In zijn jaarverslag over 2018 presenteert de Raad van State zijn ideaal van de wet als een pijler van ‘buigzaam beton’. Met dat ‘beton’ (rechtszekerheid) zit het bij de Raad wel goed, maar die buigzaamheid (flexibiliteit) komt er wat bekaaid af. Daarom gaat dit artikel in op manieren om die flexibiliteit in wetgeving te bereiken. Die manieren worden gecategoriseerd en voorzien van commentaar. Uiteraard komt daarbij ook het right to challenge aan bod, als één van die instrumenten en als benchmark voor de andere. Het artikel sluit af met aanbevelingen tot aanpassing van de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving.
De wettelijke regeling van het right to challenge in de praktijk
Authors: Driessen E.M.M.A. , Boogaard G. , den Ouden W.
Published: December 2019

De wettelijke regeling van het right to challenge in de praktijk. Much ado about nothing?

In het regeerakkoord werd een right to challenge-regeling aangekondigd, maar op welke manier deze regeling vorm moest krijgen, was nog de vraag. In hun eerder verrichte onderzoek komen de auteurs tot de conclusie dat zo’n regeling geen begaanbare weg is. Dat neemt niet weg dat er door het hele land verschillende regelingen te vinden zijn die worden gepresenteerd als een vorm van invoering van het right to challenge. In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs deze regelingen. Zijn het wel échte right to challenge-regelingen en komen zij tegemoet aan de knelpunten waarmee challengers te maken hebben?
Een andere benadering van het right to challenge
Authors: Kwast O.
Published: December 2019

Een andere benadering van het right to challenge. De concessie als kern van een algemene regeling?

Een algemene regeling van het uitdaagrecht lijkt verkeken. Te veel knelpunten. Maar wat als dat geen obstakels zijn voor wettelijke regeling, maar symptomen van het ontbreken daarvan? Deze bijdrage laat zien dat een algemene regeling denkbaar is, door niet het uitdaagrecht zelf te regelen, maar de bevoegdheid om over een uitdaging te beslissen. De concessie is daarvan de kern. En als een algemene regeling van concessies denkbaar is, dan is een regeling voor buurtconcessies als gemeentelijk instrument voor het uitdaagrecht dat ook.
The Development of the International Organization and Organizational Sociology Theories and Perspectives.
Part 1-The Origin
Authors: Bhandari Medani
Published: December 2019

This paper provides an overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
The Development of the International Organization (IO) and Organizational Sociology Theories and Perspectives.
Part 4 - Definitions and Types of IO
Authors: Bhandari Medani
Published: December 2019

This paper provides a pedagogical overview of how international organizations were formed, for what purposes and how their structure has been changed. The distinction between formal organizational studies and studies of international organizations is minimal, because both help to widen the idea of creating an original position for better combinations of favorable circumstances or situations in human affairs. The chapter will explain, the origin of the term international organization (OR); historical roots of or studies; and define or; analyze the types of ORs in the contemporary world; reveals the relationship between the international relation (IR) and regime theories application in the OR’s studies; and the impact of the globalization. The chapter also unveils the relationships between organizational sociology and OR and finally it gives a general outline on the application institution theory in the study of OR following a brief summary. Organizations have the ability of inspiring and bringing people in concert to achieve combined goals. They are accountable for determining the intelligence needed to meet their goals. This chapter provides a glimmer of international organizations theory, origin, historical account, definitions and utilization of contemporary academic world intertwined with the international relations, regime and globalization as well as the organizational sociological theories and perspectives can be utilized to study of international organizations. This chapter will help to understand the historical account of international organization, pedagogical development and contemporary theories and practices of international organizations and organizational sociology.
Organizacja i funkcjonowanie formacji wywiadowczych od utworzenia Czechosłowacji do zakończenia II wojny światowej.
Authors: Dworzecki Jacek
Published: December 2019

W artykule omówiono tworzenie, organizację i funkcjonowanie formacji wywiadowczych działających na terenie Czechosłowacji w okresie od utworzenia samodzielnego państwa aż do zakończenia II wojny światowej. Przedstawiono zarówno mechanizmy werbowania etatowych funkcjonariuszy i żołnierzy wywiadu jak również współpracowników cywilnych. Ponadto przybliżono metody działań agentów wywiadu a także stosowane modele zarządzania posiadanym kapitałem ludzkim i operacyjnym oraz przykłady konspirowania działań podejmowanych przez wyspecjalizowane komórki wywiadowcze.
Grunnleggjande fagleg? Framstillinga av fagleg innhald, grunnleggjande ferdigheiter og eleven i fagplanane for norsk og musikk
Authors: Kjelen Hallvard
Published: December 2019

Denne artikkelen tek føre seg forholdet mellom fag og grunnleggjande ferdigheiter. Gjennom ein analyse av Kunnskapsløftets fagplanar for norsk og musikk freistar eg å vise korleis dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene er integrerte i faga på ulike måtar. Norskfaget er konstruert som eit literacyfag der det faglege innhaldet i nokon grad kan synast å vere underordna oppøvinga av grunnleggjande ferdigheiter.  I musikkfaget er dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene betre integrert i det musikkfaglege, og faget står tydelegare fram. Det er dermed grunn til å hevde at dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene ikkje berre inngår i faga på fagas premiss slik rammeverket legg opp til. Det er òg slik at fagkonstruksjonane i varierande grad er tilpassa dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene.Nøkkelord: læreplanar, norskfaget, musikkfaget, grunnleggjande ferdigheiter, literacy,  fagspesifikke ferdigheiterAbstractThis article discusses the relationship between subjects and basic skills. Through an analysis of The Knowledge Promotion’s curricula for Norwegian language arts and music, I show how the five basic skills identified in the Knowledge Promotion are integrated into the subjects in different ways. Norwegian is designed as a literacy subject, where the subject content to some extent appears to be subordinated to the development of basic skills. In music, the basic skills are better integrated into the subject, and the subject stands out more clearly against the background. One may thus reasonably claim that the basic skills are not only included in the subjects on the subject’s terms, which is the aim of the framework. The subjects are to varying degrees adapted to the basic skills.Keywords: curriculum, basic skills, literacy, subject-spesific literacy, language arts, music
Do Scientists Need Social Networks for Scientists?
Authors: Maslanov Evgeny V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the functioning of social networks for scientists on the Internet. The Internet has emerged as a social network for scientists. Then its development led to the formation of various network segments not related to scientific knowledge. It was based on the normative ideal of science. In the process of development, the Internet began to unite not only scientists. The normative ideal began to penetrate into network segments that were not directly associated to the activities of scientists. The development of the network has led to the formation of special social networks for scientists. However, as shown in the paper, such networks are not able to serve the basis either for the solidarity of scientists, or the formation of a new sociality of scientists, since the development of science has led to the formation of studies that cannot be represented in such networks. Scientists are better use general, not specialized, Internet social networks. In such communicative spaces, they can better deal with the tasks related to the communications with other social actors.
Ontology of the Collective Experimentalist
Authors: Pronskikh Vitaly S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2019

In this article, the collective experimenter, arising in scientific projects from those modeled on the Alvarez group to megascience, is studied in the framework of the model of trading zones, as well as Actor-Network Theory. The collective experimenter is defined as a network of actors whose forms are trading zones, including the core – the empirical collective subject of cognition – and the peripheral part. The multitude of actors of the collective experimenter includes the core, as well as the community of intentions and the external actors that are part of the periphery of the collective experimenter. Attention is focused on the differences between the author of epistemic claims, the subject of cognition and scientific collaboration. A classification of collective experimentalists is proposed that includes four types of ontologies. The classification is applied to JINR scientific projects, and within its framework projects of the Alvarez type, big science, proto-megascience and megascience are distinguished. Ways of developing projects to the megascience-level through the formation of cores-communicative communities in the structure of the collective experimenter are proposed. Premised on the results obtained, recommendations are formulated for the development of the JINR experiments program.
Think We Must! (Otherwise)
Authors: Rogowska-Stangret Monika ,   DePaul University
Published: December 2019

This essay considers the phenomenon of almanacs, encyclopedias, glossaries, lexicons, word books, vocabularies, companions, and (theoretical) toolboxes, which appears to be an outstanding feature of humanities today. By limiting her discussion to six specific examples of this genre, the author asks the following questions: Why is it that this method became so prolific? What are the objectives of almanacs, glossaries, and vocabularies? What do they do to thinking, writing, researching? What can they say about the moment we are in? And how do they contribute to defining this moment? Those questions orient discussions around humanities today toward the ethico-political practice of thinking otherwise.
Organizações, Inovação e Administração Estratégica
Authors: Rodrigues Manoel Gonçalves , Costa Fernando José Pereira da
Published: December 2019

A questão da inovação no contexto das empresas e organizações, no âmbito da estratégia, possui um papel relevante na administração estratégica. Esta, por seu lado, confere maior dinamismo e flexibilidade ao processo estratégico, superando a relativa inércia de muitas operacionalizações do planejamento estratégico. Desse modo, a questão da inovação, quer ou não de índole tecnológica, no concerto das empresas, deve assumir notório papel estratégico. Perante os elevados graus de volatilidade no mundo empresarial e de negócios, que se acentuam pela presença obrigatória da inovação, faz-se necessário a presença da abordagem estratégica, de modo que as mesmas promovam os seus esforços inovativos e consigam obter vantagens competitivas.
Imagem Institucional e Percepção de Desempenho de um Sindicato de Metalúrgicos
Authors: Rangel Ronaldo Raemy
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo sumariza pesquisa que visou analisar a imagem como uma dimensão estratégica de um Sindicato de Metalúrgicos diante da dificuldade de obtenção de receitas após a promulgação da Reforma Trabalhista. O estudo, pretendeu especificamente identificar atributos considerados representativos da percepção pelos metalúrgicos da base sindical, quanto ao grau de atratividade e influência e capacidade de atuação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo que consultou cerca de 600 trabalhadores, de 34 empresas. As respostas dos inqueridos foram examinadas com base em análise fatorial determinou que principais fatores que influenciam a percepção quanto ao desempenho e imagem do sindicato.
Isolation and characterization of psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria from landfill site under temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Hamid Basharat , Jehangir Arshid , Baba Zahoor Ahmad , Wani Muneer Ahmad , Khan Imran
Published: December 2019

The temperate climatic regions face the problem of waste accumulation due to lower environmental temperatures. However, these regions harbor cold active microbes viz. psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria that play an important role in the degradation of protenaceous materials of the waste stream. Hence in the present study psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria were isolated from waste samples collected from landfill site by using random sampling method under environmental temperature of 10oC. By using serial dilution and spread plate technique a total of 8 morphologically different psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria were isolated on skim milk agar media at pH of 7.0 and temperature of 10°C after 48hours. Under in-vitro conditions all the isolates produced significant quantities of protease over the control and diameters of hydrolysis zones ranged between 2 to 18 mm at temperature range of 5 to 20oC and after 72 hours. The corresponding quantitative protease activities of the isolates was significant that ranged between 0.5 to 2.25 U/ml and the isolate PB2 was most efficient with highest protease activity of 2.25U/ml at 20oC. Based on 16SrRNA analysis the isolate was identified as Pseudomonas florescence with 96% similarity. It was concluded that the isolates can grow in wide ranges of temperature and could be used for enhanced decomposition of organic wastes during lower temperature conditions in cold regions. Further the isolates could have industrial applications due to the production of cold active proteases that would help economic benefits through energy conservation.
Metabolic modulation regulates cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Fukuda Ryuichi , Aharonov Alla , Ong Yu Ting , Stone Oliver A , El-Brolosy Mohamed , Maischein Hans-Martin , Potente Michael , Tzahor Eldad , Stainier Didier YR
Published: December 2019

During cardiac development, cardiomyocytes form complex inner wall structures called trabeculae. Despite significant investigation into this process, the potential role of metabolism has not been addressed. Using single cell resolution imaging in zebrafish, we find that cardiomyocytes seeding the trabecular layer actively change their shape while compact layer cardiomyocytes remain static. We show that Erbb2 signaling, which is required for trabeculation, activates glycolysis to support changes in cardiomyocyte shape and behavior. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis impairs cardiac trabeculation, and cardiomyocyte-specific loss- and gain-of-function manipulations of glycolysis decrease and increase trabeculation, respectively. In addition, loss of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 impairs trabeculation. Experiments with rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture further support these observations. Our findings reveal new roles for glycolysis in regulating cardiomyocyte behavior during cardiac wall morphogenesis.
Single-cell analysis uncovers that metabolic reprogramming by ErbB2 signaling is essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the regenerating heart
Authors: Honkoop Hessel , de Bakker Dennis EM , Aharonov Alla , Kruse Fabian , Shakked Avraham , Nguyen Phong D , de Heus Cecilia , Garric Laurence , Muraro Mauro J , Shoffner Adam , Tessadori Federico , Peterson Joshua Craiger , Noort Wendy , Bertozzi Alberto , Weidinger Gilbert , Posthuma George , Grün Dominic , van der Laarse Willem J , Klumperman Judith , Jaspers Richard T , Poss Kenneth D , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Tzahor Eldad , Bakkers Jeroen
Published: December 2019

While the heart regenerates poorly in mammals, efficient heart regeneration occurs in zebrafish. Studies in zebrafish have resulted in a model in which preexisting cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate and reinitiate proliferation to replace the lost myocardium. To identify which processes occur in proliferating cardiomyocytes we have used a single-cell RNA-sequencing approach. We uncovered that proliferating border zone cardiomyocytes have very distinct transcriptomes compared to the nonproliferating remote cardiomyocytes and that they resemble embryonic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, these cells have reduced expression of mitochondrial genes and reduced mitochondrial activity, while glycolysis gene expression and glucose uptake are increased, indicative for metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we find that the metabolic reprogramming of border zone cardiomyocytes is induced by Nrg1/ErbB2 signaling and is important for their proliferation. This mechanism is conserved in murine hearts in which cardiomyocyte proliferation is induced by activating ErbB2 signaling. Together these results demonstrate that glycolysis regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart regeneration.
Acute cerebellar knockdown of Sgce reproduces salient features of myoclonus-dystonia (DYT11) in mice
Authors: Washburn Samantha , Fremont Rachel , Moreno-Escobar Maria Camila , Angueyra Chantal , Khodakhah Kamran
Published: December 2019

Myoclonus dystonia (DYT11) is a movement disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SGCE and characterized by involuntary jerking and dystonia that frequently improve after drinking alcohol. Existing transgenic mouse models of DYT11 exhibit only mild motor symptoms, possibly due to rodent-specific developmental compensation mechanisms, which have limited the study of neural mechanisms underlying DYT11. To circumvent potential compensation, we used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to acutely knock down Sgce in the adult mouse and found that this approach produced dystonia and repetitive, myoclonic-like, jerking movements in mice that improved after administration of ethanol. Acute knockdown of Sgce in the cerebellum, but not the basal ganglia, produced motor symptoms, likely due to aberrant cerebellar activity. The acute knockdown model described here reproduces the salient features of DYT11 and provides a platform to study the mechanisms underlying symptoms of the disorder, and to explore potential therapeutic options.