bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZNF148/PFKP/PD-L1 axis promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation, migration and glycolysis
Authors: Zhu Jialiang , Chen Yufan , Jin Longyu , Feng Wei , Hu Huaidong , Xue Wenbo , Zhou Zhigang , Luo Guangyu
Published: December 2023

Aim: Cancer-related deaths are primarily caused by lung cancer around the world. The prognosis and burden of lung cancer must be improved by identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKP) has been identified as a tumor-promoting oncogene. The current study examined the specific role that PFKP plays in NSCLC tumorigenesis, as well as the underlying mechanism.

Methods: A lung cancer dataset was obtained from the TCGA in order to examine the expression of PFKP. Using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website, we calculated the overall survival (OS) along with the recurrence-free survivals (RFS) curves with high and low levels of PFKP in lung cancer. The mechanism by which zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148) regulated PFKP/PD-L1 levels in NSCLC was investigated through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), qRT-PCR, and western blotting. In order to uncover ZNF148's function in NSCLC, subsequent functional studies included CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell, along with glycolysis assays. Student’s T-test was conducted for data analysis with GraphPad Prism 9.0.

Results: The expression of PFKP in NSCLC was increased, and it was linked to worse outcomes. This increased expression of PFKP in NSCLC was induced by ZNF148. Silencing ZNF148 remarkably dampened NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis capacities. According to a mechanistic study, ZNF148 regulates the PFKP/PD-L1 axis, which promotes NSCLC tumorigenesis.

Conclusion: It has been established that ZNF148-induced PFKP is key to the proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis abilities of NSCLC cells by regulating PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the ZNF148/PFKP/PD-L1 axis could be a potential biological signature and target for NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
A Contribution to the Concept of Cultural Capital: Reproduction of Mukhtasars in the Intellectual Circles of the Mamluk
Authors: KAYA Büşra S.
Published: December 2023

In recent years, Pierre Bourdieu’s views on social structure and order, consisting of reproduction, competition, and struggle in education and various cultural fields, attracted the attention of modern researchers in understanding the socio-intellectual life of the Mamluks. Bourdieu’s methodology, which usually involved criticisms of existing assumptions, was based on investigating each subject in its context. His explanations for determining the social order among complex social relations played an essential role in understanding the data in the Mamluk texts. This paper benefits from Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital and reproduction to understand the production of knowledge in the socio-intellectual life of the Mamluk and tries to base the textual reproduction in the intellectual circles of the Mamluk on the mukhtasar.
The study proposes a quadruple categorization of the mukhtasar, which are claimed to be the primary texts of the cultural activities in the Mamluk period. Accordingly, the effect of mukhtasars produced by the Mamluk ulama concerning the transfer and transformation of knowledge are among the most significant matters emphasized. Firstly, the study discusses the significance of the commentaries written by the Mamluk cultural elite on mukhtasars in the transfer of knowledge. Secondly, the contribution of the summarizations performed on mukhtasars to reproducing knowledge is examined. Thirdly, mukhtasars introduced by the ulama belonging to four madhhabs in Mamluk intellectual circles because of their search for a shared methodology are reviewed. Finally, independent mukhtasars produced during the Mamluk period are discussed within the historical process. It should be noted that this paper, which is conducted to determine the significance of mukhtasars during the Mamluk period, recognizes the characteristics of higher education in the period within itself.
Using EBPF to identify ransomware that use DGA DNS queries
Authors: Zhuravchak Danyil , Kiiko Eduard , Dudykevych Valeriy
Published: December 2023

In today's world, where the Internet has become an integral part of the functioning of government and corporate institutions, the integrity and availability of information is becoming a key issue for many organizations and individual users. The issue of protection against crypto viruses and attacks, in particular, using DGA (Domain Generation Algorithms), a method used by attackers to automatically generate domain names for client-server (Command & Control) communication in the DNS-based virus ecosystem, is particularly relevant, making it difficult to detect and block them due to the way DNS is used in modern computer networks. Given the growing number of attacks that use DGA, there is a need to develop new methods that are faster and can analyze large traffic flows in real time and provide functionality for detecting and blocking them. eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) is a modern tool that allows you to create small programs to monitor and analyze various aspects of the system in real time, including network traffic. These programs are executed directly in the operating system kernel and/or at the network card level. In this study, we consider the possibility of using eBPF to detect DGA activity in DNS traffic. The goal is to determine the effectiveness of real-time ransomware detection. We developed a ransomware analysis lab environment where we developed eBPF-based modules, tested them, and simulated an attack. In addition, a cloud-based data analysis environment based on Splunk was set up and rules for detecting a DGA attack were developed based on this analysis. This article presents the results of developing an eBPF-based program for analyzing DNS traffic, conducting DGA attacks, and methods for detecting them. These results can be an important contribution to the development of strategies to protect against malicious attacks in the network.
Formation and development of ventilated supercavity past the disk–cavitator in accelerated motion
Authors: Moroz Volodymyr , Kochin Viktor , Semenenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The work is devoted to both the experimental studies and the computer simulation of the process of formation and development of a ventilated supercavity past the disk-cavitator in accelerated motion from the state of rest to the steady velocity. A series of experiments were carried out in the high-speed experimental tank at the Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for various values of the air-supply rate into the cavity. It has been established that the portion type of air-loss from the cavity is always preserved in the case of horizontal accelerated motion, while the air-loss by vortex tubes is always realized in the case of steady motion with the same velocity. In this case, shape of the cross sections of the unsteady cavity is close to circular one along the whole cavity length and at all stages of acceleration. To describe this process, a modified mathematical model is proposed that is based on the G.V.Logvinovich principle of independence of the cavity section expansion. An analysis of the influence of both the immersion depth and the air-supply rate on the process of development of a ventilated supercavity during acceleration has been performed by the way of computer simulation.
Dynamic Characteristics and Optimization of Segmented Fork Arm Seat System
Authors: Zhanlong Li , Zhizhao Ren , Haiqing Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Yong Song , Bao Sun
Published: December 2023

To improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance and driving comfort of the engineering seat system, a segmented fork arm seat system is proposed. Firstly, the equivalent model of the n-level segmented seat system is established, the amplitude-frequency response function and phase-frequency response function of the segmented seat system are solved and analyzed. The theoretical study shows that, with the increase of segment levels, the response time of the seat system is shortened, and the attenuation rate of response amplitude is accelerated; with the increase of segment levels, the resonance peak value of the seat system tends to shift continuously, and the low-frequency vibration isolation range expands. Secondly, according to the actual application condition of a loader, the engineering structure of the 3-level segmented fork arm seat system was built, and the structure-stiffness parameters of the segmented fork arm seat system were optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that the 3-level segmented fork arm seat system has obvious vibration reduction effect on the sensitive frequency band of the human body. The vibration reduction effect on road excitation increases by 63.2% on average under driving conditions, 75.8% on uneven road surface, and 65.2% under operating conditions, and the subjective comfort evaluation index of human body increases by two levels.
Intradialytic Tolerance and Recovery Time in Different High-Efficiency Hemodialysis Modalities
Authors: Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Biedunkiewicz Jan , Komorniczak Michał , Jankowska Magdalena , Jasiulewicz Katarzyna , Płonka Natalia , Biedunkiewicz Bogdan , Małgorzewicz Sylwia , Tarasewicz Agnieszka , Puchalska-Reglińska Ewelina , Siebert Janusz , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Tylicki Leszek
Published: December 2023

There are several forms of maintenance high-efficiency hemodialysis (HD) including hemodiafiltrations (HDF) in different technic modes and expanded HD using dialyzers with medium cut-off membranes. The aim of the study was to assess the intradialytic tolerance and length of dialysis recovery time (DRT) in these modalities. This is an exploratory, cross-over study in maintenance HD patients with low comorbidity and no clinical indications for the use of high-efficiency HD, who were exposed to five intermittent dialysis in random order: high flux hemodialysis (S-HD), expanded HD (HDx), pre-dilution HDF (PRE-HDF), mix-dilution HDF (MIX-HDF) and post-dilution HDF (POST-HDF). 24 dialysis sessions of each method were included in the analysis. Dialysis parameters including blood flow rate, dialysis fluid flow rate and temperature, and pharmacological treatment were constant. Average total convection volume for post-HDF, pre-HDF and mix-HDF were 25.6 (3.8), 61.5 (7.2) and 47.1 (11.4) l, respectively. During all therapies, patients had similar hydration status monitored using bioimpedance spectroscopy and similar variability over time in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance monitored using impedance cardiography. The lowest frequency of all intradialytic adverse events were observed during HDx. Delayed DRT was the shortest during PRE-HDF. Patients were also more likely to report immediate recovery while receiving PRE-HDF. These differences did not reach statistical significance, however the study results suggest that, intradialytic tolerance and DRT may depend on the dialysis method used. This support the need of taking into account patient preferences and quality of life while individualizing high efficiency therapy in HD patients.
Improved E-learning Based Recommender Systems: A Survey
Authors: Maryam Oswa , Ashraf Humaira , Amjad Tehmina , Jhanjhi Noor
Published: December 2023

Online learning is gaining massive popularity with time. The e-learning platforms operate differently from traditional educational institutions and hence need different strategy for course recommendations. This survey aims to cover the major emerging research areas in e-learning recommender systems. Our study covers different areas of research including graph-based methodologies, ITS, query optimization, content-based, and collaborative filtering, big data, and association rules mining. This survey aimed to explore all major emerging directions of recommender systems in education. This study analyzed existing literature in all of the areas mentioned before and performed objective-based analysis. A brief performance analysis was also done for the researches where the values were comparable. Limitations of existing researches were also identified and studied to shed some light on future directions.
Performance Enhancement and Evaluation of a Vector Tracking Receiver using Adaptive Tracking Loops
Authors: Gao Ning , Chen Xiyuan , Yan Zhe , Jiao Zhiyuan
Published: December 2023

The traditional receiver employs scalar tracking loops, resulting in degraded navigation performance in weak signal and high dynamic scenarios. An innovative design of a vector tracking receiver based on nonlinear Kalman filter (KF) tracking loops is proposed in this paper, which combines the strengths of both vector tracking and KF tracking loops. Firstly, a comprehensive description of the vector tracking receiver model is presented, and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is applied to nonlinear tracking loop. Secondly, to enhance the stability and robustness of the KF tracking loop, we introduce square root filtering and an adaptive mechanism. The tracking loop based on square root UKF (SRUKF) can dynamically adjust its filtering parameters based on signal noise and feedback Doppler error. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on a software-defined receiver (SDR), and the field vehicle experiment demonstrates the superiority of this method over other receivers in complex dynamic environments.
A Rapid Geolocation Algorithm for Three-axis Stabilization Geostationary Remote Sensing Satellite
Authors: Li He , Tong Xiaochong , Qiu Chunping , Guo Congzhou , Shang Jian , Wang Zhichao , Sun Yuekun
Published: December 2023

The three-axis stabilization geostationary remote sensing satellite features high time resolution and plays a significant role in weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. With the future development of satellite technology, we propose a rapid geolocation algorithm for three-axis stabilization geostationary remote sensing satellites from the perspective of software algorithms. The method assesses conventional remote sensing data geolocation methods and the coordination group for meteorological satellites (CGMS, Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites) nominal grid publishing format. First, the initial incident viewing vector of each detector on the sensor was constructed. Then, by reflecting the satellite platform's east-west and north-south mirrors, the outgoing vector of the payload coordinate system was obtained. This vector was converted to the satellite body coordinate system and, subsequently, to the satellite orbit coordinate system. The conversion of the earth-fixed coordinate system and the mirror rotation angle under ideal CGMS grid conditions were obtained, and the mirror rotation angle was converted to the corresponding CGMS nominal grid position to complete data positioning. The algorithm omits the complex process of calculating the intersection point between the viewing vector and the geodetic ellipsoid sphere from the earth-fixed coordinate system, resulting in an 83.3% improvement in computational efficiency without compromising positioning accuracy compared with conventional geolocation methods. This algorithm greatly improves the processing efficiency of geostationary meteorological satellite positioning, but its limitation is that the data processing results must be released in the CGMS nominal grid format.
From Churchill to Elephants: The Role of Protective Genes Against Cancer
Authors: Gazzellone Annalisa , Sangiorgi Eugenio
Published: December 2023

Richard Peto’s Paradox, first described in 1975 from an epidemiological perspective, established an inverse correlation between the probability of developing cancer in multicellular organisms and the number of cells. Larger animals exhibit fewer tumors compared to smaller ones, though exceptions exist. Mice are more susceptible to cancer than humans, while elephants and whales demonstrate significantly lower cancer prevalence rates than humans. How nature and evolution have addressed the issue of cancer in the animal kingdom remains largely unexplored.
In the field of medicine, much attention has been devoted to cancer predisposing genes, as they offer avenues for intervention, including blocking, downregulating, early diagnosis, and targeted treatment. Predisposing genes also tend to manifest clinically earlier and more aggressively, making them easier to identify. However, despite significant strides in modern medicine, the role of protective genes lags behind.
Identifying genes with a mild predisposing effect poses a significant challenge. Consequently, comprehending the protective function conferred by genes becomes even more elusive, and their very existence is subject to questioning. While the role of variable expressivity and penetrance defects of the same variant in a family is well-documented for many hereditary cancer syndromes, attempts to delineate the function of protective/modifier alleles have been restricted to a few instances.
In this review, we endeavor to elucidate the role of protective genes observed in the animal kingdom and within certain genetic syndromes that appear to act as cancer-resistant/repressor alleles. The ultimate goal is to discern why individuals, like Winston Churchill, managed to live up to 91 years of age, despite engaging in minimal physical activity, consuming large quantities of alcohol daily, and not abstaining from smoking.
Photocatalytic CO2 to CO Reduction with Cyclometalated Pt(II) Complexes of N^C^N Pincer Dipyridylbenzene Ligands: A DFT study
Authors: Sarantou Antonia , Tsipis Athanassios
Published: December 2023

In this work, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed to study the photocatalytic CO2 to CO reduction by a series of Pt(II) square planar complexes with general formula [Pt(5-R-dpb)Cl] (dpb = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene anion, R = H, N,N-dimethylaniline,T thiophene, diazaborinine). The CO2 to CO conversion process is thought to proceed via two main steps, namely the photocatalytic/reduction step and the main catalytic step. The simulated absorption spectra exhibit strong bands in the 200 – 400 nm UV-Vis region. The calculated excited state reduction potentials are in the range 0.32 — -0.36 V revealing that the reductive quenching of the T1 state of the complexes could be modulated with suitable changes of the N^C^N pincer ligands. The CO2 fixation and activation by the ‘real’ three coordinated Pt(II) catalyst/intermediate is predicted to be favorable with Pt-CO2 bond dissociation energies, D0 in the range -36.9—-10.3 kcal/mol. The nature of the Pt-CO2 bond is complex with covalent, hyperconjugative and H-bonding interactions prevailing the repulsive electrostatic interactions. The main catalytic cycle is estimated to be a favorable exergonic process.
A New Wave of Hybrid Algorithms for Roots of Transcendental and Non-Linear Equations
Authors: Sabharwal Chaman Lal
Published: December 2023

Finding the roots of an equation is a fundamental problem in diverse fields. Optimization problem leads to non-linear equations for calculating the roots of the equation efficiently. Numerical iterative techniques are frequently applied when analytic solution is not available. Hybrid techniques to find roots of an equation is new to this fundamental problem. Recently, some attempts emerged to design hybrid algorithms for efficient solutions. A new heuristic algorithm is designed which is an intuitive approach to hybridization. In this paper, we implement two new algorithms: (1) a new BTsection algorithm blending the Bisection and Trisection algorithm, (2) a hybrid algorithm, that promises to be more efficient than the existing hybrid algorithms. The new hybrid algorithm is a blend of BTsection algorithm and Regula Falsi algorithm. The implementation results validate that the new algorithm, Hybrid4, surpasses the efficiency of existing hybrid algorithms Hybrid1, Hybrid2, and Hybrid3 algorithms. This paper contributes an essential hybrid algorithm to the repertoire of hybrid root finding algorithms.
Lax Pairs for the Modified KdV Equation
Authors: Burde Georgy I.
Published: December 2023

Multi-parameter families of Lax pairs for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation are defined by applying a direct method developed in the present study. The gauge transformations converting the defined Lax pairs to some simpler forms and reducing the variety of the Lax pairs this way
are found. The direct method and its possible applications to other types of evolution equations are discussed.
Psychometric Testing of the Slovene Version of the Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing
Authors: Krel Cvetka , Vrbnjak Dominika , Štiglic Gregor , Bevc Sebastjan
Published: December 2023

Background: The Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) questionnaire has been designed to measure technological competency as caring in nursing practice. As there were no psychometrically sound instruments to quantify the concept in the Slovene language. The goal was to assess the level of psychometric properties of the PITCCN investigated in Slovene hospitals. Methods: Content validity was conducted with eight experts and quantified by the content validity index (CVI) and the modified Cohen’s kappa index. Face validity was assessed through discussions with participants from the target culture in the pilot study. To assess construct validity and internal consistency, a cross-sectional research methodology was used on a convenience sample of 121 nursing personnel from four hospitals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine construct validity, while Cronbach’s alpha and adjusted item-total correlations were used to measure internal consistency. Results: The content and face validity of PITCCN were adequate. The scale validity index (S-CVI) was 0.97. Cronbach’s α was 0.92, and subscale reliabilities ranged from 0.810 to 0.925. PCA showed four components, which explained more than 73.49% of the variance. Conclusions: The Slovenian version of PITCCN (PITCCN_SI) has good psychometric properties.
Influence of the Hla-Cw6 Allele and IFIH1/MDA5 Gene Variants on the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Queiro Rubén
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular comorbidity is a common companion of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recently, a significant link has been found between the HLA-Cw6 allele and a better cardiometabolic profile in these patients. We aimed to check this finding in our setting. Cross-sectional observational study (n: 572 psoriasis patients, 30% with PsA). Different study variables were collected in detail, as well as classic cardiometabolic risk factors. The distribution of the HLA-Cw6 allele and the IFIH1/MDA5 gene variants previously linked to disease risk was determined in the study cohort and stratified according to the cardiometabolic comorbidity. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to analyze these associations. The study cohort included 309 men and 263 women, mean age 46.7 years (SD 14.5), mean disease duration 19.4 years (SD 14.8). We confirmed the known association between HLA-Cw6 and type I psoriasis (familial, severe, early onset). Psoriasis severity (OR: 2.14), female sex (OR: 1.63), and the IFIH1/MDA5 rs1990760 TT genotype (OR: 1.62) were significantly related to PsA, while HLA-Cw6 resulted protective (OR: 0.65). HLA-Cw6 carriers showed lower waist perimeter, lower BMI, and lower risk of both hypertension (OR: 0.52, p<0.001) and diabetes (OR: 0.36, p<0.001), but these findings were no longer apparent upon adjusted regression models. No IFIH1/MDA5 gene variant was associated with any cardiometabolic risk factor. The influence of HLA-Cw6 on the cardiometabolic risk profile of psoriatic patients seems to be explained by other factors (age, sex, duration of the disease or arthritis) and not by this biomarker itself.
On the Optimal Point of the Weighted Simpson Index
Authors: Casquilho José Pinto , Mena-Matos Helena
Published: December 2023

In this short communication, following a brief introduction, we undertake a comprehensive analytical study of the weighted Simpson index. Our primary emphasis concerns the precise determination of the optimal point (minimizer) coordinates and of the minimum value of the index, a differentiable convex function, which is related to the harmonic mean concept. Furthermore, we address and solve the inversion problem and show the tight connection between both approaches. Last, we give some insights and final remarks on this subject.
Working Capital Management Strategies and Financial Performance: A Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Authors: Panigrahi Ashok
Published: December 2023

This study examines the effects of working capital management strategies on firm’s financial performance of Indian cement companies using 11-year (2010-2020) financial data of 31 companies listed in Bombay Stock Exchange. It is intended to find out whether the strategies made by finance managers with respect to the components of working capital such as average receivable period, inventory conversion period, average payment period and cash conversion cycle, etc. affects the firm’s performances individually and in total. The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and random effect regression model shows that there exists a negative relationship between financial performance measured in terms of return on assets (ROA) and inventory turnover period (ITP) as well as accounts payable period (APP), whereas firm’s performance is not significantly affected by accounts receivable period (ARP) and cash conversion cycle (CCC). Similarly, it has been observed that the liquidity measures such as current ratio (CR) and quick ratio (QR) have a significant positive association with ROA. Moreover, the size of the firms and leverage are inversely related to ROA but the age of the firms is not significantly affecting their financial performances. Hence, it can be concluded that how an organisation designs its working capital strategy do have an impact on its performances.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Mouse Macrophages via Calcium-P38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ju , Park Wansu
Published: December 2023

Geniposide is a major ingredient in the herb gardenia, and this study investigated effects of geniposide on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7). Griess reagent assay, Fluo-4 calcium assay, dihydrorhodamine 123 assay, multiplex cytokine assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometry assay were done using RAW 264.7. Data showed that geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μM reduced significantly levels of nitric oxide, intracellular Ca2+, and hydrogen peroxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7. Multiplex cytokine assay represented geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μM meaningfully suppressed levels of IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in RAW 264.7 provoked by lipopolysaccharide; additionally, geniposide at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM meaningfully suppressed levels of TNF-α, IP-10, GM-CSF, and MIP-1β. Flow cytometry assay represented that geniposide reduces significantly the level of phosphorylated P38 MAPK in RAW 264.7 provoked by lipopolysaccharide. Geniposide meaningfully suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of inflammatory target genes such as Chop, Jak2, Fas, c-Jun, c-Fos, Stat3, Nos2, Ptgs2, Gadd34, Asc, Xbp1, Nlrp3, and Par-2. Taken together, geniposide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages via calcium-P38 MAPK pathway.
The Impact of Postpartum Depression on the Early Parent-Infant Relationship: Perception Versus Reality
Authors: Richards Misty Charissa , Ferrario Camila A. , Yan Ying , McDonald Nicole M.
Published: December 2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) can interfere with the establishment of affective bonds between infant and mother, which is important for the cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development of the child. Rates of PPD have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to the added stress and limited support available to new parents. The present study examined whether parenting-related stress, perceived bonding impairments, quality of observed mother-infant interactions and salivary oxytocin levels differ between depressed and non-depressed mothers, along with differential impacts of COVID-19 on depressed mothers. Participants included 70 mothers (45 depressed, 25 controls) with infants aged 2-6 months. All data were collected remotely to ease participant burden during the pandemic. Depression was associated with experiences of heightened parenting-related stress and bonding difficulties. These differences were not observed during mother-infant interactions or in salivary oxytocin levels. Differences in COVID-related experiences were minimal, though depressed mothers rated slightly higher stress associated with returning to work and financial impacts of the pandemic. Findings highlight the importance of early intervention for PPD to mitigate long-term effects on mothers, children, and families. Additionally, they underscore the need for an early intervention to support the developing mother-infant dyad relationship during this crucial time.
The Golgi Apparatus in the Spotlight: A Key Player in Innate Immunity and Intracellular Signaling Pathways
Authors: Maruntelu Ion , Constantinescu Alexandra-Elena , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Constantinescu Ileana
Published: December 2023

The Golgi apparatus, long known for protein processing and vesicular trafficking, has recently emerged as an essential player in innate immune signaling pathways. This review article discusses our growing understanding of Golgi cells' roles in initiating and activating innate immunity pathways. We elaborate on the relevance of membrane connections between Golgi organelles and other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endosomes, and autophagosomes that facilitate efficient access to innate immune signal transduction and subsequent effector responses. Additionally, we discuss microbial strategies that exploit the Golgi while diminishing its associated innate immune responses. By providing greater illumination of its multiple functions and mechanisms of operation, this article offers invaluable insight into how protein processing impacts innate immunity and vice versa.
Investigating the Association between Autophagy Markers LC3B, P62, DRAM and Autophagy-Related Genes in Glioma
Authors: Danish Farheen , Qureshi Muhammad Asif , Mirza Talat , Amin Wajiha , Sufiyan Sufiyan , Naeem Sana , Arshad Fatima , Mughal Nouman
Published: December 2023

High-grade gliomas are extremely fatal tumors, marked by severe hypoxia and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is a cellular degradative process that can be activated by hypoxia, ultimately resulting in tumor advancement and chemo-resistance. Our study aimed to examine the link between autophagy markers expression in low (LGG) and high-grade gliomas (HGG). In 39 glioma cases, we assessed protein expression of autophagy markers LC3B, p62, and DRAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mRNA expression of autophagy genes; PI3K, AKT, m-TOR, PTEN, ULK1, ULK2, UVRAG, Beclin 1 and VPS34 using RT-qPCR. Livak’s method was used to analyze the relative changes in gene expression and multi-variate Anova test and Spearman's correlation tests were performed for statistical significance. LC3B, p62, and DRAM expression were positive in 64.1%, 51.3%, and 28.2% of glioma cases respectively. The expression of LC3B and p62 was notably higher in HGG compared to LGG. VPS34 exhibited a significant differential expression and increased fold change and demonstrated strong positive correlations with Beclin1 (rs=0.768), UVRAG (rs=0.802), and ULK2 (rs=0.786) in HGG compared to LGG, thus highlighting the potential link between autophagy and glioma progression. We Provide preliminary data for functional analysis of autophagy using cell culture model and to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions
Strength Training Versus Core Exercises for the Optimization of Road Cycling Performance
Authors: Sitko Sebastian , López-Laval Isaac , Cirer-Sastre Rafel
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Conventional strength training and core exercises are commonly prescribed to improve cycling performance. Although previous studies have explored the utility of strength training in various cycling populations, this intervention has never been compared to core exercises; (2) Methods: 36 trained road cyclists were divided in 3 groups of 12 participants that performed either no strength training, conventional strength training or core exercises, in all cases together with their regular cycling training during a 12-week period. Peak power outputs across different durations (5 seconds, 60 seconds, 5 minutes, and 20 minutes) were recorded before and after the intervention; (3) Results: Conventional strength training is superior to core training and no strength training for all measured durations. At the same time, core training results in improved 5 second power output when compared to no strength training, while all the other measures are comparable among groups; (4) Conclusions: Conventional strength training is superior to core exercises and no strength training in trained road cyclists, and accordingly, it is recommended that this population incorporates strength training during their regular weekly workouts.
Effect of Oscillation and Pulmonary Expansion Therapy on Pulmonary Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Williams Christopher , Holbrook Kirsten , Shiari Aryan , Zaied Ali , Al-Sharif Hussam , Rishi Abdul , Frank Ryan , Zurob Adel , Rishi Muhammad A
Published: December 2023

Background: Oscillation and pulmonary expansion (OPE) therapy can decrease postoperative pulmonary complications in a general surgical population, but its effect after cardiac surgery has not been reported, to our knowledge. We hypothesized that using an OPE device after cardiac surgery before extubation would decrease pulmonary complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults undergoing elective open cardiac surgery at our institution from January 2018 through January 2019, who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or greater. For mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery, a new OPE protocol was adopted July 1, 2019, comprising an initial 10-minute OPE treatment administered in-line with the ventilator circuit, then continued treatments for 48 hours after extubation. Severe postoperative respiratory complications (primary outcome measure) included need for antibiotics, increased supplemental oxygen use, and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS). Demographic, clinical, and outcomes data were compared for patients before (usual care with postextubation hyperinflation) and after protocol implementation (OPE). Results: Of 104 patients, 54 patients received usual care, and 50 received OPE. Usual-care recipients had more men (74% vs 62%; P=.19) and were older (median, 70 vs 67 years; P=.009) than OPE recipients. The OPE group had a significantly shorter hospital LOS than the usual-care group (mean, 6.2 vs 7.4 days; P=.04). Other measures improved with OPE but did not reach significance: shorter ventilator duration (mean, 0.6 vs 1.1 days with usual care; P=.06) and shorter LOS in the intensive care unit (mean, 2.7 vs 3.4 days; P=.06). On multivariate analysis, intensive care unit LOS was significantly shorter for the OPE group (mean difference, 0.85 days; 95% CI, 1.65 to 0.06; P=.04). The OPE group had a lower percentage of postoperative complications (10% vs 20%). Conclusion: OPE therapy after cardiac surgery is associated with decreased ICU and hospital LOS.
Evaluation of IgG Avidity of Sera from Mice Immunized with RBD of SARS-CoV-2 or OMVs of Neisseria meningitidis by Immunoblot and Dot-Blot
Authors: Segati Ana Flavia , Da Costa Hernan Hermes Monteiro , Prudencio Carlos Roberto , Portilho Amanda Izeli , De Gaspari Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Several methods can be used to evaluate antibody avidity, one of which is the modified ELISA, in which a chaotropic agent is added to disrupt the binding between the antigen and the antibody. Although the avidity index provides relevant information about the functionality of antibodies, it does not allow us to characterize which antigens the antibodies are strongly bound to. To this end, we adapted the Immunoblot and Dot-Blot techniques by adding potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) after incubating nitrocellulose membranes with serum from mice immunized with Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) or serum from mice immunized with recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, with different adjuvants for each antigen. In terms of results, when standardizing the incubation time of sera with KSCN, we observed that 5 minutes was the ideal time for both assays, however, when using different dilutions of serum from mice immunized with RBD, there was an influence on the strength of antigen-antibody binding. For the N. meningitidis assay, the antibodies maintained high avidity for the antigens present in the OMVs, PorA, NadA, and Opa, especially in the presence of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The research showed that standardizing the Immunoblot and Dot-Blot in the same assay optimizes time and resources, allowing qualitative analysis for two different antigens, and resulting in more robust information for immunization studies against these pathogens.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase 4 is an Essential Regulator of Endothelial Function and Survival
Authors: Bu Shuhan , Singh Aman , Nguyen Hien C. , Peddi Bharatsinai , Bhatt Kriti , Ravendranathan Naresh , Frisbee Jefferson C. , Singh Krishna K.
Published: December 2023

Endothelial function is regulated by a myriad of complex pathways. In our previous study, the expression of miR-378a-3p was shown to inhibit endothelial autophagy and impair endothelial function. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of miR-378a-3p in endothelial cells remains to be elucidated. By employing an in silico approach, Protein Disulfide Isomerase 4 (PDIA-4) was identified as a target of miR-378-3p; however, its’ role in endothelial cells is not known. We here report that endothelial cell-specific loss of PDIA-4 leads to impaired autophagic flux accompanied by loss of endothelial function and apoptosis. Endothelial cell-specific loss of PDIA-4 also induced marked changes in endothelial cells’ architecture, accompanied with the loss of endothelial markers and gain of mesenchymal markers consistent with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Loss of PDIA-4 activates TGF-signaling, and inhibition of TGF-signaling inhibits EndMT in PDIA-4 silenced endothelial cells in vitro. Our findings help elucidate the role of PDIA-4 in endothelial autophagy and endothelial function and provide a potential target to modulate and/or limit autophagy and EndMT in (patho-)physiological conditions.
Exploring the Link Between Diabetes and Striatopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Modi Janushee , Gami Vismit , Teraiya Tushar , Shah Sahil , Desai Dev
Published: December 2023

Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is characterized by a hyperglycaemic state associated with chorea/ballism, and/or striatal hyper density on computed tomography, or hyperintensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. To date, there have been only a few case series reported in the literature on this topic. We present an acute case of DS which delineates the clinical presentation, imaging and instrumental examinations, typical radiological findings, and therapeutic approach of this condition. The purpose of this case report is to to remind clinicians to consider DS when poor-controlled diabetic patients present with symptoms such as altered sensorium, sudden-onset choreiform and ballistic movements.
Numerical Modelling of the Thermoforming Behavior of Thermoplastic Honeycomb Composite Sandwich Laminates
Authors: Minupala Varun Kumar , Zscheyge Matthias , Glaesser Thomas , Feldmann Maik , Altenbach Holm
Published: December 2023

Lightweight component design is effectively achievable through the sandwich structures, many past research studies in the aerospace and racing sectors (since 1920s) has proven it. To extend their application into automotive and other transport industries, the manufacturing cycle times must be reduced. This can be achieved by thermoplastic sandwich materials of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) cover layers and thermoplastic honeycomb cores. To widespread the application of flat thermoplastic-based sandwich panels into complex parts, a novel forming technology was developed by the Fraunhofer Institute of Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS). For an increase in reproducibility of the sandwich component production and a decrease in manufacturing defects, numerical modelling methods and experimental validation are needed. The finite element (FE) modelling of this thermoforming process is a thermo-mechanical assignment with all three: material, geometry, and boundary non-linearities. In the scope of this work, the material behavior of different sandwich components (cover layers, honeycomb core, interface) under thermo-mechanical loads is characterized in detail, and a complex numerical model is developed to describe the thermoforming process of thermoplastic-based sandwich laminate. The critical forming condition like wrinkling that occurs due to friction in a sandwich or poor intra-ply shear in cross-ply studied, validated, and optimized. A thermoplastic sandwich made of polypropylene (PP) honeycomb core and polypropylene glass fibre (PP/GF) cross-ply as cover layers was used for this study, and numerical modelling was executed in LS-DYNA software.
Keanekaragaman Predator Kumbang Tanah pada Area Alih Fungsi Lahan Kakao-Tebu
Authors: Cahya Safitri Alifia , Tri Haryadi Nanang Tri
Published: December 2023

The activity of changing land functions from rubber and cocoa plantations to sugar cane plantations and using conventional technical land processing systems can affect the population of ground surface insects such as ground beetles. Ground beetles are one of the important insects that act as predators and are sensitive to environmental conditions. The aim of this research is to determine the diversity and number of ground beetle populations in the sugar cane fields at PTPN XII Kalitelepak Plantation. This research used a pitfall trap consisting of 5 plots and 9 traps were installed in each plot with a distance of 10 m between traps. Samples were taken 15 times every 3 days. The research results showed that the ground beetles caught were from the Carabidae family which consists of the species Chlaenius bimaculatus, Chlaienius virgulifer, Chlaenius pictus, Chlaenius cambodiensis, Pheropsophus occipitalis, Pterostichus melanarius, Harpalus affinis, Nebria brevicollis, Planetes puncticeps with a total of 143 individuals. The highest important value index is the species Chlaenius bimaculatus at 104.96. The diversity of ground beetles in sugar cane plants at PTPN XII Kalitelepak Plantation is in the low category because it is less than (<) 1, namely with a value of 0.79. Human activities such as taking grass and changing land use can affect diversity, so conservation needs to be carried out to increase the diversity of ground beetles.
Surgery for Vertebral Osteomyelitis Lowers 1-Year Mortality and Failure Rates Compared with Nonsurgical Treatment
Authors: Kernich Nikolaus , Sircar Krishnan , Jochimsen Dorothee , Walter Sebastian Gottfried , Eysel Peer , Jung Norma , Yagdiran Ayla , Weber Carolyn
Published: December 2023

Background:

The aim of this study was to determine differences between patients who underwent surgical treatment and those who underwent nonsurgical treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) and to identify potential factors influencing treatment failure (death and/or recurrence within 1 year).

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data prospectively collected from patients treated for VO between 2008 and 2020. The decision between surgical and nonsurgical treatment was made for each patient based on defined criteria. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to exclude confounders between the 2 treatments. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for death and/or recurrence within the first year after VO diagnosis.

Results:

Forty-two patients (11.8%) were treated nonsurgically and 313 patients (88.2%) underwent surgery. A higher percentage of the surgically treated patients than the nonsurgically treated patients had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of >2 (69.0% versus 47.5%; p = 0.007), and the thoracic spine was affected more often in the surgical group (30.4% versus 11.9%; p = 0.013). Endocarditis was detected significantly more often in the nonsurgically treated patients (14.3% versus 4.2%; p = 0.018). The recurrence rate was 3 times higher in the nonsurgically treated patients (16.7% versus 5.4%; p = 0.017), but this difference was no longer detectable after propensity matching. After matching, the nonsurgically treated patients showed an almost 7-fold higher 1-year mortality rate (25.0% versus 3.7%; p = 0.018) and an almost 3-fold higher rate of treatment failure (42.9% versus 14.8%; p = 0.022). Multivariable analysis revealed nonsurgical treatment and bacteremia to be independent risk factors for treatment failure.

Conclusions:

In our matched cohort of patients with VO, surgical intervention resulted in a significantly lower rate of treatment failure (death and/or recurrence within 1 year) compared with nonsurgical intervention. Furthermore, nonsurgical treatment was an independent risk factor for treatment failure.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
OTUB1/ NDUFS2 axis promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis through protecting against mitochondrial cell death
Authors: Huang Xiaodong , li Du , Xiao-Chen Cheng , Yu-Xin Lu , Qiao-Wei Liu , Wang Yiwu , Liao Yajin , Dong-Dong Lin , Feng-Jun Xiao
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. A growing number of studies have begun to demonstrate that mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis.Our previous study reveals that NDUFS2 (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2), a core subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, is unregulated in Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, its role in the development of PAAD remains unknown. Here, we showed that NDUFS2 played a critical role in the survival, proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial cell death. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis in clinical samples indicated that the expression of NDUFS2 was positively correlated with a deubiquitinases, OTUB1. Overexpression of OTUB1 increased NDUFS2 expression at the protein level, while knockdown of OTUB1 restored the effects in vitro. Accordingly, overexpression and knockdown of OTUB1 phenocopied those of NDUFS2 in pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. Mechanically, NDUFS2 was deubiquitinated by OTUB1 via K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, resulted in an elevated protein stability of NDUFS2. Moreover, the growth of NDUFS2-overexpressed pancreatic cancer xenograft tumor was promoted in vivo, while the NDUFS2-silenced pancreatic cancer xenograft tumor was inhibited in vivo. In conclusion, we revealed that OTUB1 increased the stability of NDUFS2 in PAAD by deubiquitination, and this axis plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer genesis and development.