bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule
Authors: Bedeković Vladimir , Leventić Miro , Jelavić Boris , Trotić Robert , Ries Mihael , Kostić Mirjana , Lauc Tomislav
Published: September 2017

We report a rare case of a large recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma (RMEC) in an 81-year-old female smoker, which has originated in the right nasal vestibule. The recurrent tumour was inadequately treated for 6 years. It was a slow-growing tumour for 3 years and then began to enlarge at a higher pace. In the next three years it has covered a large part of the face. The patient had refused any medical treatment. The tumour caused breathing and swallowing difficulties. Because of the profuse bleeding from the tumour, the patient underwent emergency surgery. Surgical treatment consisted of rhinectomy and resection of the central upper lip and part of the right cheek. The facial defect was reconstructed immediately. Recovery from surgery was fast with no complications. Postoperative Multislice Computed Tomography scan showed no metastases so the patient did not receive any chemotherapy or radiotherapy. During a 2.5 years’ follow-up period there was no recurrence of the disease.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Yield of EUS Needles for Liver Biopsy: Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Lee Woo Jung , Uradomo Lance T. , Zhang Yang , Twaddell William , Darwin Peter
Published: September 2017

Background and Aims. EUS-guided liver biopsy is an emerging method of liver tissue acquisition which is safe and had been shown to produce excellent histological yield. There is limited data comparing the diagnostic yield of different FNA needles. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of four commercially available 19-gauge FNA needles. Methods. Four FNA needles and one percutaneous needle were used to perform liver biopsies on two human cadaveric livers: Cook Echotip Procore™, Olympus EZ Shot 2™, Boston Scientific Expect Slimline™, Covidien SharkCore™, and an 18-gauge percutaneous needle (TruCore™, Argon Medical Devices). Each needle obtained biopsies by three, six, and nine complete back-and-forth motions of the needle (“throw”) with a fanning technique. The combined lengths of specimen fragments and the total number of complete portal tracts (CPT) were measured by a blinded pathologist. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 52 liver biopsies were performed. The Covidien SharkCore needle had significantly greater number of CPT compared to other FNA needles. The number of “throws” did not impact the number of CPT significantly. There was no statistically significant difference in mean total specimen length between each FNA needle type. Conclusion. The Covidien SharkCore needle produced superior histological specimen by capturing more CPT, possibly due to its unique needle design.
Adiabatic Fixed-Bed Gasification of Colombian Coffee Husk Using Air-Steam Blends for Partial Oxidation
Authors: Bonilla Javier , Gordillo Gerardo
Published: September 2017

The increasing energy consumption, mostly supplied by fossil fuels, has motivated the research and development of alternative fuel technologies to decrease the humanity’s dependence on fossil fuels, which leads to pollution of natural sources. Small-scale biomass gasification, using air-steam blends for partial oxidation, is a good alternative since biomass is a neutral carbon feedstock for sustainable energy generation. This research presents results obtained from an experimental study on coffee husk (CH) gasification, using air-steam blends for partial oxidation in a 10 kW fixed-bed gasifier. Parametric studies on equivalence ratio (ER) (1.53 < ER < 6.11) and steam-fuel (SF) ratio (0.23 < SF < 0.89) were carried out. The results show that increasing both SF and ER results in a syngas rich in CH4 and H2 but poor in CO. Also, decreased SF and ER decrease the peak temperature (Tpeak) at the gasifier combustion zone. The syngas high heating value (HHV) ranged from 3112 kJ/SATPm3 to 5085 kJ/SATPm3 and its maximum value was obtained at SF = 0.87 and ER = 4.09. The dry basis molar concentrations of the species, produced under those operating conditions (1.53 < ER < 6.11 and 0.23 < SF < 0.89), were between 1.12 and 4.1% for CH4, between 7.77 and 13.49% for CO, and between 7.54 and 19.07% for H2. Other species were in trace amount.
Differences in Energy Consumption in Electric Vehicles: An Exploratory Real-World Study in Beijing
Authors: Hu Kezhen , Wu Jianping , Schwanen Tim
Published: September 2017

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely regarded as a promising solution to reduce air pollution in cities and key to a low carbon mobility future. However, their environmental benefits depend on the temporal and spatial context of actual usage (journey energy efficiency) and the rolling out of EVs is complicated by issues such as limited range. This paper explores how the energy efficiency of EVs is affected and shaped by driving behavior, personal driving styles, traffic conditions, and infrastructure design in the real world. Tests have been conducted with a Nissan LEAF under a typical driving cycle on the Beijing road network in order to improve understanding of variations in energy efficiency among drivers under different urban traffic conditions. Energy consumption and operation parameters were recorded in both peak and off-peak hours for a total of 13 drivers. The analysis reported in this paper shows that there are clear patterns in energy consumption along a route that are in part related to differences in infrastructure design, traffic conditions, and personal driving styles. The proposed method for analyzing time series data about energy consumption along routes can be used for research with larger fleets of EVs in the future.
Effects of Cooling Rates on Self-Assembling Structures of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Takeno Hiroyuki , Kozuka Mai
Published: September 2017

We investigated effects of cooling rates on self-assembling structures and mechanical and electrochemical properties of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([ABIm][TFSI]). The mixture of 12-HSA with [ABIm][TFSI] had an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) above the sol-gel transition temperature, and the microstructure of the ionogel was significantly affected by cooling rates, where it was prepared. The twisted self-assembling structure was formed during a slow cooling process at a rate of 0.4°C/min, whereas spherical domains caused by the liquid-liquid phase separation and radiate fibrous structure were observed for the quenched gel. The real-time small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements for the ionogel during a slow cooling process at a rate of 0.4°C/min presented three different (001) peaks arising from long spacings of 46.5, 42.4, and 39.7 Å, which were also observed for SAXS curves of a neat 12-HSA. These results suggest that three polymorphic forms of 12-HSA are formed in the IL. The polymorphic form significantly affected the mechanical properties of the ionogel, whereas it did not affect the ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of the ionogel was close to that of a neat [ABIm][TFSI] irrespective of the polymorphic forms of 12-HSA.
A Retrospective, Pilot Study of De Novo Antidepressant Medication Initiation in Intensive Care Unit Patients and Post-ICU Depression
Authors: Haines Daniel , Hild Johanna , He Jianghua , Stun Lucy , Ballew Angie , Green Justin L. , Satterwhite Lewis , Flynn Brigid C.
Published: September 2017

Post-ICU Syndromes (PICS) remain a devastating problem for intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. It is currently unknown if de novo initiation of an antidepressant medication during ICU stay decreases the prevalence of post-ICU depression. We performed a retrospective, pilot study evaluating patients who had not previously been on an antidepressant medication and who were started on an antidepressant while in the trauma surgical, cardiothoracic, or medical intensive care unit (ICU). The PHQ-2 depression scale was used to ascertain the presence of depression after ICU discharge and compared this to historical controls. Of 2,988 patients admitted to the ICU, 69 patients had de novo initiation of an antidepressant medication and 27 patients were alive and available for study inclusion. We found the prevalence of depression in these patients to be 26%, which is not statistically different than the prevalence of post-ICU depression in historical controls [95% CI (27.6%, 51.6%)]. De novo initiation of an antidepressant medication did not substantially decrease the prevalence of post-ICU depression in this retrospective, pilot study.
Endocrine Therapy Initiation among Older Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Winn Aaron N. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Nichols Hazel B.
Published: September 2017

Background. Although treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is controversial, national guidelines recommend considering endocrine therapy for women with estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive DCIS or those undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) without radiation. We evaluated uptake and predictors of endocrine therapy use among older women with DCIS. Methods. In the SEER-Medicare database, we identified women aged 65+ years diagnosed with DCIS during 2007–2011. We evaluated demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics associated with endocrine therapy initiation. Results. Among 2,945 women with DCIS, 41% initiated endocrine therapy (66% tamoxifen, 34% aromatase inhibitors). Initiation was more common among women with ER-positive than ER-negative DCIS (48% versus 16%; HR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.91–4.83); 28% of women with unknown ER status initiated endocrine therapy. Initiation was less common after BCS alone compared to BCS with radiation (32% versus 50%; HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59–0.80). Conclusions. Less than half of older women with DCIS initiate endocrine therapy to prevent second breast cancers. Our findings suggest use was more common, but not exclusive, among women with ER-positive DCIS, but not among women who underwent BCS alone. Endocrine therapy should be targeted toward patients most likely to benefit from its use.
Formation Control of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Sensing Constraints Using Exponential Remapping Method
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Jing-Yang , Yi Hong
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a formation control strategy for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with sensing constraints moving in a leader‐follower formation. Each USV is assumed to be equipped with a vision‐based sensor, which is able to get the line‐of‐sight (LOS) range and bearing information. Most existing literature assumes that the USVs in formation control are with no sensing limitations or with 360‐degree sensing fields; however, in our research, the vision‐based sensor’s capability is restricted due to limited Field of View (FOV) and visual range. We consider that each USV in formation problem is equipped with a sector‐like sensing field sensor for the leader‐follower formation in two‐dimensional space. The formation controller is developed by employing backstepping control technique and exponential remapping. The backstepping controller is designed to stabilize the triangular formation of three USVs, and the proposed exponential remapping method is to deal with the sector‐like sensing constraint problem. Comparative analysis with three exponential remapping methods using numerical simulations is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cutaneous Vasculitis: An Unusual Presentation of a Biclonal Nodal Plasma Cell Dyscrasia
Authors: Swan D. , Murphy M. , Elhassadi E.
Published: September 2017

We describe an unusual case of a biclonal nodal plasma cell dyscrasia, presenting with a vasculitic rash, end-organ damage, and cytopenias. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a biclonal kappa-restricted paraprotein, with a negative skeletal survey and no bone marrow disease. Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET-CT (FDG-PET-CT) revealed nodal involvement, which was not appreciable clinically, and facilitated biopsy, confirming the diagnosis of a nodal plasmacytoma. Complete biochemical response and resolution of the vasculitic rash were achieved with bortezomib-based therapy.
A Review of Additive Mixed-Electric Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Modification of Biomedical Implants
Authors: Aliyu Abdul’Azeez Abdu , Abdul-Rani Ahmad Majdi , Ginta Turnad Lenggo , Prakash Chander , Axinte Eugen , Razak Muhammad Alhapis , Ali Sadaqat
Published: September 2017

Surface treatment remained a key solution to numerous problems of synthetic hard tissues. The basic methods of implant surface modification include various physical and chemical deposition techniques. However, most of these techniques have several drawbacks such as excessive cost and surface cracks and require very high sintering temperature. Additive mixed-electric discharge machining (AM-EDM) is an emerging technology which simultaneously acts as a machining and surface modification technique. Aside from the mere molds, dies, and tool fabrication, AM-EDM is materializing to finishing of automobiles and aerospace, nuclear, and biomedical components, through the concept of material migrations. The mechanism of material transfer by AM-EDM resembles electrophoretic deposition, whereby the additives in the AM-EDM dielectric fluids are melted and migrate to the machined surface, forming a mirror-like finishing characterized by extremely hard, nanostructured, and nanoporous layers. These layers promote the bone in-growth and strengthen the cell adhesion. Implant shaping and surface treatment through AM-EDM are becoming a key research focus in recent years. This paper reports and summarizes the current advancement of AM-EDM as a potential tool for orthopedic and dental implant fabrication. Towards the end of this paper, the current challenges and future research trends are highlighted.
Rare Congenital Aberrant Left Superior Pulmonary Vein Discovered with Central Line Placement in a Patient with Critical Cardiorespiratory Collapse
Authors: Knox Spencer , Madruga Mario , Carlan S. J.
Published: September 2017

Background. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare congenital vascular disorder that may be asymptomatic. Left-sided connections with the innominate vein are discovered infrequently and those without an atrial septal defect are extremely rare.Case. A 66-year-old male was found to have an anomalous left pulmonary vein when a central venous catheter was inserted for management of hypoxemia. In addition to the connection with the left innominate vein an echocardiogram revealed no atrial septal defect. Computed tomography arteriography was used to define the anomaly.Conclusion. Left superior vein partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with the left innominate vein was discovered incidentally on insertion of central venous catheter. The otherwise innocuous anomaly can become a significant variable when treating critical cardiopulmonary collapse.
Two-Year Outcome of Aflibercept in Patients with Pigment Epithelial Detachment due to Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) Refractory to Ranibizumab
Authors: Tran Thi Ha Chau , Dumas Stéphane , Coscas Florence
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the response of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in eyes with detachment of retinal pigment epithelium (DEP) secondary to nAMD refractory to monthly ranibizumab. Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective, multicenter study. All patients received 3 IAI then treated as needed every 4 weeks for 12 months. During the second year, the eyes were treated with a treat- and-extend regimen. Results. Forty-four eyes were included. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly after the loading phase (3.1 ± 6.4 letters) and at 6 months (2.8 ± 6.4 letters), but change was not significant at 1 year and 2 years. The height of the DEP was significantly decreased at 3 months and 6 months, but the difference did not reach statistical difference at 1 and 2 years. Rate of eyes with complete resolution of exudation was 59% after the loading phase and 34.3% at 2 years. Mean interval of anti-VEGF injection was extended from 31 ± 2.6 days to 61 ± 5 days after conversion. Conclusions. Aflibercept intravitreal injection in patients with fibrovascular DEP due to nAMD who respond poorly to monthly ranibizumab led to short-term functional and anatomical improvement. Reduction of intravitreal injection frequency was obtained until 2 years of follow-up.
Analysis on Time Window of Shared Parking in Hospitals Based on Parking Behaviors
Authors: Chen Qin , He Peng , Chen Jun
Published: September 2017

Hospitals are essential components of a city; huge traffic demand is generated and attracted, causing contradiction between parking supply and demand. By sharing parking berths, limited space can serve more demand which is beneficial to alleviating parking problems. Aimed at improving the capacity of shared parking, the paper analyzes four parking groups in typical hospitals, which are medical staff, outpatients, emergency patients, and visiting groups. The parking demand of medical staff is rigid. For outpatients and visiting groups, longer walking distance is acceptable and more attention is paid to parking fee. By contrast, emergency patients can accept shorter walking distance and focus more on convenience due to urgency. Under this circumstance, parking behaviors selection models are established by means of Multinomial Logit Model. On this basis, time value is adopted to calculate the tolerance of alterative parking time. Moreover, this paper explores the variation of time window, under different parking impedance. A case study is conducted and suggests that start and end point of a certain time window can be influenced by external factors.
TMEM16A/ANO1 Inhibits Apoptosis Via Downregulation of Bim Expression
Authors: Godse Neal R. , Khan Nayel , Yochum Zachary A. , Gomez-Casal Roberto , Kemp Carolyn , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Seethala Raja S. , Kulich Scott , Seshadri Mukund , Burns Timothy F. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar
Published: September 2017

Purpose: TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride channel that is amplified in a variety of cancers, including 30% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), raising the possibility of an anti-apoptotic role in malignant cells. This study investigated this using a multimodal, translational investigation.

Experimental Design: Combination of (i) in vitro HNSCC cell culture experiments assessing cell viability, apoptotic activation, and protein expression (ii) in vivo studies assessing similar outcomes, and (iii) molecular and staining analysis of human HNSCC samples.

Results: TMEM16A expression was found to correlate with greater tumor size, increased Erk 1/2 activity, less Bim expression, and less apoptotic activity overall in human HNSCC. These findings were corroborated in subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies and expanded to include a cisplatin-resistant phenotype with TMEM16A overexpression. A cohort of 41 patients with laryngeal cancer demonstrated that cases that recurred after chemoradiation failure were associated with a greater TMEM16A overexpression rate than HNSCC that did not recur.

Conclusions: Ultimately, this study implicates TMEM16A as a contributor to tumor progression by limiting apoptosis and as a potential biomarker of more aggressive disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7324–32. ©2017 AACR.
A Unified Approach to Targeting the Lysosome's Degradative and Growth Signaling Roles
Authors: Rebecca Vito W. , Nicastri Michael C. , McLaughlin Noel , Fennelly Colin , McAfee Quentin , Ronghe Amruta , Nofal Michel , Lim Chun-Yan , Witze Eric , Chude Cynthia I. , Zhang Gao , Alicea Gretchen M. , Piao Shengfu , Murugan Sengottuvelan , Ojha Rani , Levi Samuel M. , Wei Zhi , Barber-Rotenberg Julie S. , Murphy Maureen E. , Mills Gordon B. , Lu Yiling , Rabinowitz Joshua , Marmorstein Ronen , Liu Qin , Liu Shujing , Xu Xiaowei , Herlyn Meenhard , Zoncu Roberto , Brady Donita C. , Speicher David W. , Winkler Jeffrey D. , Amaravadi Ravi K.
Published: September 2017

Lysosomes serve dual roles in cancer metabolism, executing catabolic programs (i.e., autophagy and macropinocytosis) while promoting mTORC1-dependent anabolism. Antimalarial compounds such as chloroquine or quinacrine have been used as lysosomal inhibitors, but fail to inhibit mTOR signaling. Further, the molecular target of these agents has not been identified. We report a screen of novel dimeric antimalarials that identifies dimeric quinacrines (DQ) as potent anticancer compounds, which concurrently inhibit mTOR and autophagy. Central nitrogen methylation of the DQ linker enhances lysosomal localization and potency. An in situ photoaffinity pulldown identified palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) as the molecular target of DQ661. PPT1 inhibition concurrently impairs mTOR and lysosomal catabolism through the rapid accumulation of palmitoylated proteins. DQ661 inhibits the in vivo tumor growth of melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer mouse models and can be safely combined with chemotherapy. Thus, lysosome-directed PPT1 inhibitors represent a new approach to concurrently targeting mTORC1 and lysosomal catabolism in cancer.

Significance: This study identifies chemical features of dimeric compounds that increase their lysosomal specificity, and a new molecular target for these compounds, reclassifying these compounds as targeted therapies. Targeting PPT1 blocks mTOR signaling in a manner distinct from catalytic inhibitors, while concurrently inhibiting autophagy, thereby providing a new strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1266–83. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Towers and Thorburn, p. 1218.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201
The Epigenesis of Obesity
Authors: Robert Jason Scott
Published: September 2017

What would it mean to take seriously a radically dynamic, life course approach to the epigenesis of obesity? This essay brings together concepts and perspectives from developmental systems theory, evolutionary developmental psychology, critical epidemiology, and public and population health into a complex systems framing of the problem of obesity. It begins with a survey of a variety of partial (reductionistic) approaches, and then synthesizes them more adequately and productively via the notion of biological embedding. As a hypothesis, biological embedding forces our attention toward the biology of embodiment, the pathways and mechanisms by which multilevel factors at multiple time scales constitute us even within our own skin. In this view, embryology, anthropology, urban planning, and geriatrics are as important to understanding obesity as nutritional science and health promotion. The essay concludes with reflections on this synthetic epigenetic approach in the quest for understanding human development, in sickness as in health.
Reduction to Absurdity: Why Epigenetics Invalidates All Models Involving Genetic Reduction
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Overton Willis F.
Published: September 2017

Embedding current research on epigenetics and development within a process-relational relational developmental systems (RDS) framework, we discuss the assertions of genetic reductionist models of human behavior and development. To better clarify the distinctions between process-relational RDS-based and Cartesian mechanistic genetic reductionist models, we recommend that the terms “interaction,” “mechanism,” and “trait” be replaced by terms such as “coaction,” “fusion,” “integration,” and “process” in depictions of process-relational RDS models. We argue that, in the context of epigenetics research, the propositions of genetic reductionist models lead to absurd claims about genetic causation, primarily because RDS-based, epigenetics research underscores the relative plasticity of the embodied coactions within the RDS. We discuss three ways in which genetic reductionist models survive in the face of egregious conceptual and methodological problems, and we make suggestions about the utility of epigenetics for applications aimed at enhancing the course of development for diverse individuals.
Towards a Truly Developmental Epigenetics
Authors: Lickliter Robert , Witherington David C.
Published: September 2017

Conceptual and empirical advances across the biological and psychological sciences have made it increasingly clear that genetic and environmental factors cannot be meaningfully partitioned when attempting to explain development. This should be a major theme within the contemporary field of epigenetics. However, the field has yet to fully extricate itself from reductionist tendencies in its conceptualization of developmental relations. Epigenetics today still routinely promotes both a reductionist privileging of molecular over molar levels of explanation and a reductionist focus on separate and distinct roles for genes and environment in any given developmental relation. We argue that the field needs to more rigorously pursue a process-oriented framework that is integrated across molecular, organismal, and environmental levels of biological organization. Transcending the worn and outdated nature-nurture controversy will require a truly developmental epigenetics that embraces the importance of emergence, context, and hierarchical relations in all developmental explanation.
Type 1 Taste Receptors in Taste and Metabolism
Authors: Kochem Matthew
Published: September 2017

Our sense of taste allows us to evaluate the nutritive value of foods prior to ingesting them. Sweet taste signals the presence of sugars, and savory taste signals the presence of amino acids. The ability to identify these macronutrients in foods was likely crucial for the survival of our species when nourishing food sources were sparse. In modern, industrialized settings, taste perception continues to play an important role in human health as we attempt to prevent and treat conditions stemming from overnutrition. Recent research has revealed that type 1 taste receptors (T1Rs), which are largely responsible for sweet and umami taste, may also influence the absorption and metabolism of the foods we eat. Preliminary research shows that T1Rs contribute to intestinal glucose absorption, blood sugar and insulin regulation, and the body's responses to excessive energy intake. In light of these findings, T1Rs have come to be understood as nutrient sensors, among other roles, that facilitate the selection, digestion, and metabolism of foods.
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage due to Brain Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sartori Balbinot Rafael , Facco Muscope Ana Laura , Dal Castel Mateus , Sartori Balbinot Silvana , Angelo Balbinot Raul , Soldera Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Although extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are present in only 5–15% of cases, they are certainly factors associated with poor prognosis. The main sites include lung, lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands, in descending order. Metastasis in the central nervous system is extremely rare, and the incidences vary from 0.6 to 1.7%. We report a case of a 54-year-old man previously diagnosed with alcohol-induced cirrhosis of the liver and HCC. The patient was admitted presenting progressive left hemiparesis and headache which started 2 days earlier, with no history of cranioencephalic trauma. After admission, cranial computed tomography revealed an intraparenchymal hemorrhage area with surrounding edema in the right frontal lobe. An angioresonance requested showed a large extra-axial mass lesion located in the right frontal region with well-defined contours and predominantly hypointense signal on T2 sequence. At first, the radiological findings suggested meningioma as the first diagnostic hypothesis. However, the patient underwent surgery. The tumor was completely removed, and the morphological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with metastatic hepatocarcinoma associated with meningioma. In postoperative care, the patient did not recover from the left hemiparesis and manifested Broca’s aphasia. He had a survival time of 24 weeks, presenting acute liver failure as his cause of death. There is a lack of evidence supporting a specific management of patients with brain metastasis from HCC. Furthermore, there are no studies that evaluate different modalities of therapeutics in brain metastasis of HCC due to the rarity of this condition. Therefore, management must be individualized depending on probable prognostic factors in these patients.
A Case of Immune Thrombocytopenia as a Rare Side Effect of an Immunotherapy with PD1-Blocking Agents for Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Pföhler Claudia , Eichler Hermann , Burgard Barbara , Krecké Nathalie , Müller Cornelia S.L. , Vogt Thomas
Published: September 2017

Background: Checkpoint blocking agents such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab may induce a diversity of mostly autoimmune-mediated side effects. These autoimmune phenomena mainly affect ductless glands such as the pituitary gland (hypophysitis), the thyroid gland (thyreoiditis), the skin (vitiligo and rash), the colon (colitis), and the lung (pneumonitis). Furthermore, many other organs or organ systems may be affected. Case Report: This work describes a case of an immune thrombocytopenia that developed or rather became clinically significant shortly after initiation of a systemic therapy with first nivolumab and later pembrolizumab given due to metastatic melanoma. Platelet counts before this systemic therapy were slightly decreased with values around 110/nl (normal value 140-400/nl). Thrombocytopenia developed or became apparent rapidly within 10 days after the first intravenous application of nivolumab and worsened after changeover to pembrolizumab. Therapy had to be stopped due to disease progression and steady aggravation of thrombocytopenia. Immune hematology assays could prove an autoimmune mediated genesis of thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Checkpoint inhibitors may induce a multiplicity of mostly autoimmune-mediated side effects. In contrast to chemotherapy-induced cytopenia that results from bone marrow toxicity, thrombocytopenia in melanoma patients treated with checkpoint inhibiting substances seems to result from autoimmune-mediated side effects in the majority of the cases. Thorough laboratory controls during these therapies are therefore required. In case of thrombocytopenia, immune hematology testing to diagnose or rule out immune thrombocytopenia is indispensable.
Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding
Authors: Murray Robert D.
Published: September 2017

During the first years of life, the sweetness of sugars has a capacity to hinder or to help in laying a strong nutritional foundation for food preferences that often extend over a lifetime. Aside from supplying 4 g/kcal of energy, sugars are non-nutritive. However, sugars have a powerful attribute, sweetness, which strongly influences human food preference. A child's first relationship with sweet taste begins even before birth and continues to evolve throughout complementary feeding. The sweetness of breastmilk encourages consumption and soothes the neonate. Conversely, inappropriate introduction of non-milk solids and beverages that are sweet at 0-4 months of age raises the newborn's risk for later obesity and may discourage the acceptance of other bitter or sour foods. Although cereals, fruits, 100% fruit juices, and some grains have naturally occurring sugars that impart sweet flavor notes, there is no clear role for added sugars between 6 and 12 months of age. Yet, 60% of infants are introduced to foods and beverages containing added sugars, threatening diet quality. Pairing foods with naturally occurring sugars, such as fruits, with foods that tend to be resisted initially, such as vegetables, can mask bitterness and promote acceptance. Utilizing the infants' extraordinary capacity for sensory-motor exploration is another strategy to expose them repeatedly to challenging tastes and flavors. The transitional year, as breast milk and infant formula are withdrawn, is a time when nutritional needs are high and diet quality often precarious. Rapid growth, along with brain and cognitive development, demand high-quality nutrition. Snacks are necessary both for energy and valuable nutrients. However, the selection of snack foods often exposes toddlers to items that offer concentrated energy with low nutrient value. Recent trends suggest a rapid fall in added sugars among infants and toddlers. Parenting practices that use small amounts of sugars to promote nutrient-rich foods from all 5 food groups can enhance rather than hinder their child's emerging dietary pattern.
Impact of Incident Heart Failure on Body Composition Over Time in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study Population
Authors: Forman Daniel E. , Santanasto Adam J. , Boudreau Robert , Harris Tamara , Kanaya Alka M. , Satterfield Suzanne , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Butler Javed , Kizer Jorge R. , Newman Anne B.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Prevalence of heart failure (HF) increases significantly with age, coinciding with age-related changes in body composition that are common and consequential. Still, body composition is rarely factored in routine HF care.

Methods and Results:

The Health, Aging, and Body Composition study is a prospective cohort study of nondisabled adults. Using yearly dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, body composition was assessed in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study over 6 years, comparing those who developed incident HF versus those who did not. Among 2815 Health, Aging, and Body Composition participants (48.5% men; 59.6% whites; mean age, 73.6±2.9 years), 111 developed incident HF over the 6-year study period. At entry into the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study, men and women who later developed HF had higher total body mass when compared with those versus those who did not develop HF (men, 80.9±10 versus 78.6±12.9 kg,
P
=0.05; women, 72.7±15.0 versus 68.2±14.2 kg,
P
=0.01, respectively). However, after developing HF, loss of total lean body mass was disproportionate; men with HF lost 654.6 versus 391.4 g/y in non-HF participants,
P
=0.02. Loss of appendicular lean mass was also greater with HF (−419.9 versus −318.2 g/y;
P
=0.02), even after accounting for total weight change. Among women with HF, loss of total and appendicular lean mass were also greater than in non-HF participants but not to the extent seen among men.

Conclusions:

Incident HF in older adults was associated with disproportionate loss of lean mass, particularly among men. Prognostic implications are significant, with key sex-specific inferences on physical function, frailty, disability, and pharmacodynamics that all merit further investigation.
Biomechanical and Hemodynamic Measures of Right Ventricular Diastolic Function: Translating Tissue Biomechanics to Clinical Relevance
Authors: Jang Sae , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Avazmohammadi Reza , Lapshin Eugene , Bachman Timothy N. , Sacks Michael , Simon Marc A.
Published: September 2017

Background

Right ventricular (
RV
) diastolic function has been associated with outcomes for patients with pulmonary hypertension; however, the relationship between biomechanics and hemodynamics in the right ventricle has not been studied.

Methods and Results

Rat models of
RV
pressure overload were obtained via pulmonary artery banding (
PAB
; control, n=7;
PAB,
n=5). At 3 weeks after banding,
RV
hemodynamics were measured using a conductance catheter. Biaxial mechanical properties of the
RV
free wall myocardium were obtained to extrapolate longitudinal and circumferential elastic modulus in low and high strain regions (E
1
and E
2
, respectively). Hemodynamic analysis revealed significantly increased end‐diastolic elastance (E
ed
) in
PAB
(control: 55.1 mm Hg/mL [interquartile range: 44.7–85.4 mm Hg/mL];
PAB
: 146.6 mm Hg/mL [interquartile range: 105.8–155.0 mm Hg/mL];
P
=0.010). Longitudinal E
1
was increased in
PAB
(control: 7.2 kPa [interquartile range: 6.7–18.1 kPa];
PAB
: 34.2 kPa [interquartile range: 18.1–44.6 kPa];
P
=0.018), whereas there were no significant changes in longitudinal E
2
or circumferential E
1
and E
2
. Last, wall stress was calculated from hemodynamic data by modeling the right ventricle as a sphere:

stress
=

Pressure
×
radius

2
×
thickness

.

Conclusions

RV
pressure overload in
PAB
rats resulted in an increase in diastolic myocardial stiffness reflected both hemodynamically, by an increase in E
ed
, and biomechanically, by an increase in longitudinal E
1
. Modest increases in tissue biomechanical stiffness are associated with large increases in E
ed
. Hemodynamic measurements of
RV
diastolic function can be used to predict biomechanical changes in the myocardium.
The Conflict between Sovereign Immunity and the Cargo of Sunken Colonial Vessels
Authors: Losier M.M.
Published: September 2017

Cloaking the cargo of sunken colonial vessels with flag State immunity creates pro tempore resolutions through procedural impediments that inevitably reward illegal acts, revitalize colonial policies and extend periods of unjust enrichment. Immunity should only be extended when conventional law requirements are met and applied in conformity with any rules applicable between the parties in light of present-day conditions. Absent immunity, States with verifiable links could argue merit-based claims in unbiased fora that could rely on modern legal principles, rather than those prevailing when the cargo sank, to adjudicate contemporary disputes. Merit-based resolutions would address the Pandora’s box resulting from the convergence of advances in underwater technologies and the socio-political shifts that occurred since the cargo sank. Historically inert pauses under water unique to other legal quagmires offer an inimitable opportunity, when immunity is restricted, to adhere to modern ethical principles and to halt the lingering effects of condemned regimes.
Borrowings But No Diffusion: A Case of Language Contact in the Lake Chad Basin
Authors: Allison Sean
Published: September 2017

Makary Kotoko, a Chadic language spoken in the flood plain directly south of Lake Chad in Cameroon, has an estimated 16,000 speakers. An analysis of a lexical database for the language shows that of the 3000 or so distinct lexical entries in the database, almost 1/3 (916 items) have been identified as borrowed from other languages in the region. The majority of the borrowings come from Kanuri, a Nilo-Saharan language of Nigeria, with an estimated number of speakers ranging from 1 to 4 million. In this article I first present the number of borrowings specifically from Kanuri relative to the total number of borrowed items in Makary Kotoko, and the lexical/grammatical categories in Makary Kotoko that have incorporated Kanuri borrowings. I follow this by presenting the linguistic evidence which not only suggests a possible time frame for when the borrowings from Kanuri came into Makary Kotoko, but also supports the idea that this is essentially a case of completed language contact. After discussing the lexical and grammatical borrowings from Kanuri into Makary Kotoko in detail, I explore the limited evidence in Makary Kotoko for lexical and grammatical ‘calquing’ from Kanuri, resulting in almost no structural diffusion from Kanuri into Makary Kotoko. I finish with a few proposals as to why this is the case in this instance of language contact in the Lake Chad basin.
Hebrew Loanwords in the Palestinian Israeli Variety of Arabic (Facebook Data)
Authors: Elhija Duaa Abu
Published: September 2017

This research examines borrowings from Hebrew into Arabic as used by Nazarene and Iksali 1 Palestinian Israelis in the context of Arabic computer-mediated communication (cmc), specifically the written colloquial Palestinian Israeli dialect of Arabic in Facebook. The study focuses on the frequency of the borrowed items, phonological adaptation, and the reasons for borrowing from Hebrew. Three hypotheses are investigated: First, the most frequent borrowed items are nouns. Second, borrowed items are adapted to the Arabic phonological system. Finally, the main reasons for borrowing are to introduce culturally or technologically new concepts, as well as new ways to refer to preexisting notions. Most of these hypotheses are shown to be correct. However, the frequency of borrowing in the corpus does not reflect the intensity of the language contact between Hebrew and the Palestinian Israeli dialect. I describe the language contact situation between Hebrew and Arabic and demonstrate how intense it is, classifying it as falling between the third and fourth level of intensity according to Thomason and Kaufman’s (1988) borrowing scale. However, borrowing is restricted to lexical borrowing, particularly of nouns. I provide explanations that refer to the political and cultural situation (including identity issues) of Palestinian Israelis.
The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata)
Authors: LOWRY J.K. , SPRINGTHORPE R.T. , AZMAN B.A.R.
Published: September 2017

We redescribe Talorchestia gracilis (Dana, 1852a) for the first time and designate a neotype based on new collections from Pulau Layang-Layang, Swallow Reef, South China Sea. We describe T. bunaken sp. nov. from Bunaken Island, Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, T. dili sp. nov. from Dili, Timor-Leste, T. seringat sp. nov. from Singapore, T. sipadan sp. nov. from Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia and T. yoyoae sp. nov. from Lombok, Indonesia. We report T. spinipalma (Dana, 1852a) from Madang, northern Papua New Guinea.
Enchelycore propinqua sp. nov., a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Indian Coast
Authors: MOHAPATRA ANIL , SMITH DAVID G. , MOHANTY SWARUP RANJAN , MISHRA SUBHRENDU SEKHAR , TUDU PRASAD C.
Published: September 2017

A new moray Enchelycore propinqua sp. nov., is described from a single specimen collected from Visakhapatnam fishing harbour, Andhra Pradesh, India. The species has a reddish brown body mottled with irregular creamy white spots; dorsal-fin origin considerably behind gill opening, but well ahead of level of anus; sharply pointed recurved teeth; biserial intermaxillary and maxillary teeth, those of inner row larger and more widely spaced than outer row. It differs from congeners by higher predorsal vertebrae and lower total vertebral count (MVF 20-51-120). The colouration is distinctly different from other species of the genus.
A description of the skeletal morphology of Rana pyrenaica (Anura: Ranidae), with comments on functional morphology, ecological adaptation and relationships with other Iberian ranids
Authors: BLAIN HUGUES-ALEXANDRE , ARRIBAS OSCAR J.
Published: September 2017

Despite being described in 1993, the skeleton of Rana pyrenaica Serra-Cobo, 1993 has never been investigated. The present publication thus represents the first description of the osteology of the spring-dwelling Pyrenean small brown frog. Its specific status is osteologically supported by some discrete differences. When compared with other Iberian brown frogs, it shows a mosaic of characters that are difficult to interpret. However, according to ecomorphology, R. pyrenaica shares a robust skeleton morphology and various morphological traits with the more terrestrial Rana temporaria (Linnaeus, 1758), but also shares some more aquatic life osteological characters with the aquatic Rana iberica Boulenger, 1879. As well as increasing what is known about R. pyrenaica, this study also aims to facilitate the correct diagnosis of the species in fossil assemblages and its osteological identification as the prey of other vertebrates in trophic studies.
Educating Demonstrators: Education and Mass Protest in Africa
Authors: Dahlum Sirianne , Wig Tore
Published: September 2017

Does a more educated population spur regime-challenging mass protest? It is commonly argued that educated individuals are more likely to collectively challenge governments through protests and that this may explain why education is associated with democratization. While many studies have investigated education’s effect on conventional political participation (voting, petitioning, etc.), it is not known whether education levels affect contentious mass protest. This article argues that education increases the frequency of mass protest, by alleviating collective-action problems and motivating mass opposition, particularly in autocracies. These links are investigated at the subnational level in Africa, by mapping over 600,000 survey respondents to spatialized protest-event data. We present evidence that areas with more educated populations have higher levels of protest activity, and we find mixed evidence consistent with both opportunity- and grievance-related mechanisms driving this relationship. We proceed to identify the causal effect of education by using the location of colonial-era Christian missions to instrument for local education levels.
Relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Kabataş Emrah Utku , Dinlen Nurdan Fettah , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül , Dilli Dilek , Beken Serdar , Okumuş Nurullah
Published: September 2017

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 25 (OH) D, levels and retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods and Results

Serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured in 97 very low birth weight infants, prior to vitamin D supplementation. The development of retinopathy of prematurity and its treatment requirement were evaluated. At follow-up, retinopathy of prematurity developed in 71 (73.2%) infants. Serum 25 (OH) D levels were significantly lower in infants with retinopathy of prematurity than ones without retinopathy of prematurity ( P < 0.001). The infants who required treatment had lower 25 (OH) D levels compared with the infants who did not required treatment (7.1 ± 5.2 ng/ml vs. 11.9 ± 6.5 ng/ml; P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that lower serum 25 (OH) D levels may be a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity development [OR: 1.14, 95% CI (1.02–1.27), P = 0.02].

Conclusion

Lower 25 (OH) D levels in the first days of life may be related to retinopathy of prematurity development and treatment requirement in premature infants.
¡Con Ganas! Fostering Latina Students’ Active Participation in Science Classrooms through Their Involvement in Cogenerative Dialogues
Authors: Beltramo J. Luciano
Published: September 2017

This study explores cogenerative dialogues as potential spaces for supporting active participation among Latina students in science courses. I collaborated with two high school science teachers to enact cogenerative dialogues with five Latina students, each of whom had previously self-identified as reluctant class participants. Using a framework grounded in educación concepts of care, personalismo, and confianza, I found that, as the students took greater part in cogenerative dialogues, their active participation within in-class activities grew in parallel. This increase in participation was mediated by several conditions of cogenerative dialogues, which collectively fostered a spirit of community, agency, and science identity.
Connecting sites and images: Archeology as controversial knowledge in modern İzmir
Authors: Savino Melania
Published: September 2017

In Turkey, the period after the establishment of the Republic saw archeological representations play an active role in defining the ancient past and producing new disciplinary knowledge. Visual practices emerged as important sites for the formation of a new conception of the ancient past in the larger context of the political and cultural discourse over the modernization of the country. Based on museum guidebooks, official publications, and archival documents, this paper focuses on the İzmir region after the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 and explores how the ancient past was perceived and displayed in relation to the historical and cultural transformations that occurred in Turkey after the Greco-Turkish War.