bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency whole-body vibration can enhance cartilage degradation with slight changes in subchondral bone in mice with knee osteoarthritis and does not have any morphologic effect on normal joints
Authors: Wang Haiming , Zhang Chi , Zhu Siyi , Gao Chengfei , Gao Qiang , Huang Ridong , Liu Sijia , Wei Xiangyang , Zhang Huakai , Wei Quan , He Chengqi
Published: August 2023

Purposes

To evaluate the effects of low frequency whole-body vibration (WBV) on degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in mice with destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)induced osteoarthritis(OA) and mice with normal knee.

Methods

Ten-week-old C57BL/6J male mice received DMM on right knees, while the left knees performed sham operation. There were six groups: DMM, SHAM DMM, DMM+WBV,SHAM DMM+WBV, DMM+ NON-WBV and SHAM DMM+NON-WBV. After four weeks, the knees were harvested from the DMM and SHAM DMM group. The remaining groups were treated with WBV (10 Hz) or NON-WBV. Four weeks later, the knees were harvested. Genes, containing Aggrecan(Acan) and CollagenⅡ(Col2a1), Matrix Metalloproteinases 3 and 13(MMP3,13), TNFα and IL6, were measured and staining was also performed. OA was graded with OARSI scores, and tibial plateaubone volume to tissue volume ratio(BV/TV), bone surface area to bone volume ratio (BS/BV), trabecular number(Tb.N) and trabecular thickness separation(TS) between groups were analyzed.

Results

Increased OARSI scores and cartilage degradation were observed after WBV. BV/TV, Tb.N and TS were not significant between the groups. Significant reductions were observed in MMP3, MMP13, Col2a1, Acan, TNFα and IL6 in the DMM+WBV compared to SHAM DMM+WBV group. BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.N, TS and OARSI scores were not significantly changed in the left knees. IL6 expression in the SHAM DMM+WBV group was significantly increased compared with the SHAM DMM+ NON-WBV group, while Col2a1, Acan and MMP13 expression decreased.

Conclusion

WBV accelerated cartilage degeneration and caused slight changes in subchondral bone in a DMM-induced OA model. WBV had no morphologic effect on normal joints.
Vulnerability and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in urban settings in England: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Berrocal-Almanza Luis C. , Lima Marcela , Piotrowski Helen , Botticello Julie , Badhan Amarjit , Karnani Nisha , Kaur Hanna , Pareek Manish , Haldar Pranabashis , Dedicoat Martin , Kon Onn Min , Zenner Dominik , Lalvani Ajit
Published: August 2023

Background

Evidence on factors contributing to poor treatment outcome and healthcare priorities in vulnerable populations affected by tuberculosis (TB) in urban areas of England other than London is needed to inform setting-specific prevention and care policies. We addressed this knowledge gap in a cohort of TB patients and healthcare providers in Birmingham and Leicester, UK.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was performed. Logistic regression was used to identify TB patients more likely to have poor treatment outcomes according to clinical and demographic characteristics and social risk factors (SRFs) in a 2013–18 cohort. 25 semi-structured interviews were undertaken in purposely selected individuals (9 patients and 16 healthcare professionals) to glean insights on their healthcare priorities and the factors that contribute to poor treatment outcome.

Results

The quantitative cohort comprised 2252 patients. Those who were ≥ 55 years of age, foreign-born from Central Europe, East Asia and Sub Saharan Africa and with MDR-TB were more likely to have poor treatment outcomes. According to patients and healthcare professionals, the factors that contribute to vulnerability to develop TB and poor treatment outcomes include poor working and living conditions, inadequate or absent welfare protection, poor primary healthcare responsiveness, treatment duration and side effects. These factors could be addressed by increased networking, partnership and integration between healthcare and social services and better integration between primary and secondary healthcare.

Conclusions

In both cities, being ≥ 55 years of age, having MDR-TB and being of foreign-birth are predictors of unfavourable treatment outcome. Risk of poor treatment outcome and vulnerability seem to be multidimensional. A better understanding of specific vulnerabilities and how they affect patient care pathway is needed to design adequate support programmes.
Differences in Toxoplasma gondii distribution in different muscle and viscera of naturally infected sheep
Authors: Yan Xinlei , Jin Xindong , Gao Jialu , Han Wenying , Sun Yufei , Yu Xiuli , Liu Pufang , Guo Wenhui , Chen Jia , Su Lin
Published: August 2023

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic parasite that can cause serious pathology in intermediate hosts such as humans and animals. Eating undercooked or raw meat is the most important route of infection by T. gondii. Sheep are an important source of meat worldwide, and they are also susceptible to T. gondii. Mutton infected with T. gondii poses a serious threat to the food safety of consumers. At present, studies have mainly focused on the infection ratio of T. gondii in livestock; however, systematic studies have not been performed on differences in the distribution of this parasite in different muscle and viscera tissues of animals. In this study, the differences in the distribution of T. gondii in naturally infected Small-tailed Han sheep was studied. By amplifying the B1 gene of the parasite via real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (RT‒qPCR), we found that the parasite burden of T. gondii differed among different parts of the sheep, with the highest burden observed in the heart among the viscera and the external ridge among the muscle. The relative expression was ranked from high to low in our study as follows: heart, spleen, external ridge, tenderloin, lung, liver, kidney, neck meat, forelegs, cucumber strips, hind leg, lamb belly, and lamb chops. This study provided important guidance for monitoring the food safety of mutton products.
Multidimensional scaling methods can reconstruct genomic DNA loops using Hi-C data properties
Authors: Ishibashi Ryo
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes multidimensional scaling (MDS) applied to high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data on genomic interactions to visualize DNA loops. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression are poorly understood, and where and when DNA loops are formed remains undetermined. Previous studies have focused on reproducing the entire three-dimensional structure of chromatin; however, identifying DNA loops using these data is time-consuming and difficult. MDS is an unsupervised method for reconstructing the original coordinates from a distance matrix. Here, MDS was applied to high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data on genomic interactions to visualize DNA loops. Hi-C data were converted to distances by taking the inverse to reproduce loops via MDS, and the missing values were set to zero. Using the converted data, MDS was applied to the log-transformed genomic coordinate distances and this process successfully reproduced the DNA loops in the given structure. Consequently, the reconstructed DNA loops revealed significantly more DNA-transcription factor interactions involved in DNA loop formation than those obtained from previously applied methods. Furthermore, the reconstructed DNA loops were significantly consistent with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) peak positions. In conclusion, the proposed method is an improvement over previous methods for identifying DNA loops.
Concentrated urine, low urine flow, and postoperative elevation of plasma creatinine: A retrospective analysis of pooled data
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Weinberg Laurence , Li Yuhong , Bahlmann Hans , Bellomo Rinaldo , Wuethrich Patrick Y.
Published: August 2023

Elevations of plasma creatinine are common after major surgery, but their pathophysiology is poorly understood. To identify possible contributing mechanisms, we pooled data from eight prospective studies performed in four different countries to study circumstances during which elevation of plasma creatinine occurs. We included 642 patients undergoing mixed major surgeries, mostly open gastrointestinal. Plasma and urinary creatinine and a composite index for renal fluid conservation (Fluid Retention Index, FRI) were measured just before surgery and on the first postoperative morning. Urine flow was measured during the surgery. The results show that patients with a postoperative increase in plasma creatinine by >25% had a high urinary creatinine concentration (11.0±5.9 vs. 8.3±5.6 mmol/L; P< 0001) and higher FRI value (3.2±1.0 vs. 2.9±1.1; P< 0.04) already before surgery was initiated. Progressive increase of plasma creatinine was associated with a gradually lower urine flow and larger blood loss during the surgery (Kruskal-Wallis test, P< 0.001). The patients with an elevation > 25% also showed higher creatinine and a higher FRI value on the first postoperative morning (P< 0.001). Elevations to > 50% of baseline were associated with slightly lower mean arterial pressure (73 ± 10 vs. 80 ± 12 mmHg; P< 0.005). We conclude that elevation of plasma creatinine in the perioperative period was associated with low urine flow and greater blood loss during surgery and with concentrated urine both before and after the surgery. Renal water conservation-related mechanisms seem to contribute to the development of increased plasma creatinine after surgery.
Molecular detection and pyrG sequence analysis of Avibacterium paragallinarum using clinical samples of infraorbital exudates from layer chickens with infectious coryza symptoms in Indonesia
Authors: Putra Fadhli Nanda , Wahyuni A. E. T. H. , Sutrisno Bambang
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC) or snot, is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum and leads to upper respiratory disease in poultry. Various diagnostic methods are available, including isolation and identification through bacterial culture and biochemical tests. However, the isolation and subsequent identification of A. paragallinarum are challenging because the bacteria are fastidious and require specific growth factors. This study aimed to detect A. paragallinarum in clinical samples taken from the exudate of the infraorbital sinus of layer hens showing clinical signs of IC.

Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 10 layer hens with IC symptoms. Following DNA extraction, HPG-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed. The PCR amplicons underwent electrophoresis to determine those of the correct target size (511 bp), and these were sequenced. The resultant sequences were analyzed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) basic local alignment search tool. MEGA X was used for bioinformatics analysis.

Results: The presence of A. paragallinarum was confirmed by HPG-2 PCR in 4/10 samples. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of the samples and the A. paragallinarum reference sequences in the NCBI database were grouped within the same cluster. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences showed 98.64%–100% of similarity with the reference sequences. The phylogenetic reconstruction of partial pyrG sequences from 55 A. paragallinarum strains/isolates deposited in GenBank confirmed that the four HPG-2 PCR-positive samples fell within the A. paragallinarum cluster, separate from the Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium spp., and Rodentibacter pneumotropicus clusters.

Conclusion: Avibacterium paragallinarum infection was molecularly confirmed in 4/10 (40%) samples by HPG-2 PCR amplicon detection. Clustering of the pyrG partial gene sequences revealed that the positive samples fell within the A. paragallinarum cluster.

Keywords: Avibacterium paragallinarum, bioinformatics, nucleotide sequencesm, polymerase chain reaction.
What are Antibody-drug Conjugates?
Authors:   Sunvalley Communication, LLC, Hofland Peter , Portillo Sonia ,   InPress Media Group, LLC
Published: August 2023

Antibody-drug Conjugates or ADCs are highly targeted biopharmaceutical drugs that combine monoclonal antibodies specific to surface antigens present on particular tumor cells with highly potent anti-cancer agents linked via a chemical linker.
Development of An Eco-Shampoo Formulation Using Local Environmental Plant Extracts for Healthy Hair as an Effort to Increase the Potential of Environmental Resources
Authors: Atmanto Dwi , Ambarwati Neneng Siti Silfi
Published: August 2023

This research aims to develop an eco-friendly shampoo formulation (Eco-Shampoo) by adding local environmental plant extracts for hair health. This research method is a quasi-experimental development of existing shampoo formulations (base formulations) by adding local plant extracts such as aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) in three formulations. The resulting shampoo products were then carried out two evaluations, namely the stability test (organoleptic test), foam height observation, viscosity test, pH test, and preference test (hedonic test) by consumers to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using shampoo. After a storage period of 2 days showed a Stability test, slightly changed color, constant odor, and texture did not change and the pH value was between 5.5 - 6.5. The smear test on the back of the hand and the skin behind the ear did not show skin irritation, whereas the hedonic test, 10 consumers stated that the color was like, the smell was stated like, and the texture was stated quietly. Aloe vera fraction and lemongrass oil can be formulated as a shampoo preparation to maintain hair fertility as well as an anti-dandruff shampoo.
Legal Politics of Social Workers Law as an Advocacy Effort of Social Workers
Authors: Yasir Al- , Haq Muhammad Izzul , Ma’mun Sukron , Prasetyo Fitri Nur Aini
Published: August 2023

As the organizer of the realization of social welfare, the state has not been able to optimally overcome social changes, which have an impact on increasing the number and complexity of social welfare problems. With the arguments of humanity and the principle of mutual cooperation, some parties help the government, then are called social workers. To ensure their existence, social worker organizations in Indonesia initiated the formation of the Law on the Social Worker Profession. Law Number 14 of 2019 concerning Social Workers was formed. After the birth of this Law, some questions emerged whether the Law provided solutions to the problems faced by social workers in assisting social welfare, or with this Law, the state would be out of hand and emphasize the resolution of social problems to social workers. This study described the legal political conditions for forming this Law. This study answered the politics of the formation of Law Number 14 of 2019 and the challenges for Social Workers in Indonesia after the birth of the Law. Answering those problems, this study used—statute approach, historical approach, and conceptual approach, strengthened by some literature related to Law and social workers. Besides that, this study also used protection theory to assess the Law. This study also compared some regulations in some countries regarding social workers in some cases. In short, this study found that the strong historical background, the long existence of social workers in Indonesia, and the need for legal protection and certainty have become the reason for establishing Law No. 14, 2019. However, after the birth of the Law, challenges arose for social workers where their actualization was not easy and limited according to their profession and education. In addition, it is alleged that the Law could lead to malpractice because there are no sanctions. While in Australia, and USA, social worker laws give more space for social worker.
Application of the First-to-File System in Preventing Passing Off Actions against Registered Mark Holder
Authors: Wibowo Sigit , (郑实) Zheng Shi , Linh Le Thi Khanh
Published: August 2023

Applying the "First-to-File" principle impacts the first trademark user and the owner who has not yet registered. Another party previously registered the Mark can replace the true trademark owner. It will harm the brand owner who has previously run a business using that brand name. On the other hand, the first-to-file principle means the state should not provide registration for a mark that has similarities with the Mark submitted earlier of similar goods/services, but in this case, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights cannot cancel a registered mark. So passing off actions against registered Mark could occur. This research examines and analyzes the legal protection for registered trademark owners regarding applying the first-to-file principles for those who pass off a registered mark. The research uses a normative juridical research method. The approach is the statutory and case approach, and it uses qualitative analysis methods based on data and substance from various literature such as books, journals, scientific papers, laws, and regulations. This research shows that the form of legal protection for registered trademark owners is related to applying the First-to-File principles to the passing of other parties. It is based on the case analysis of the Supreme Court decision, which stated that the Plaintiff (holder of the Iwan Tirta mark) is the sole legal owner and rights holder of brands that have a dominant element using the word "Iwan Tirta" in all Classes registered, and cancels or declares null and void with all legal consequences the registration of the registered "Pusaka Iwan Tirta & Logo" Mark, as well as punishes the Defendant (PT Pustaka Iwan Tirta) to pay court costs. It means legal action in the form of a lawsuit to the Commercial Court, based on the new Decision, can be used to cancel the registered Mark.
Variabilidades e regulações no teletrabalho em home office durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Mattos Letícia Anselmo de , Duarte Affonso Henriques de Lacerda Marcal , Souza Jaqueline Tavares Viana de , Barboza Raphael Cunha , Fontainha Tharcisio Cotta
Published: August 2023

A pandemia de COVID-19 acelerou a adoção do teletrabalho como prática para manter as operações produtivas durante o distanciamento social. Todavia, sua implementação abrupta tem gerado inconvenientes nas atividades dos trabalhadores, culminando em adaptações às novas condições laborais. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo objetivou identificar as variabilidades observadas no regime de teletrabalho em home office durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e as correspondentes regulações (adaptações) adotadas pelos trabalhadores para continuar suas atividades neste contexto. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura nas bases Scopus e Web of Science com análise de 125 resumos, e seleção de 29 artigos para a presente discussão. Como resultado desse processo de pesquisa foram identificadas 14 variabilidades e 27 regulações agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: ambiente de trabalho, comunicação, saúde e infraestrutura. Tais variabilidades foram associadas a um total de uma a cinco regulações cada. Apesar disso, muitas variabilidades foram discutidas sem o relato de alguma regulação associada, revelando pontos que necessitam de aprofundamento em pesquisas futuras. O presente trabalho sintetizou as variabilidades e regulações discutidas na literatura científica, provocando uma reflexão por parte das organizações sobre os possíveis impactos da adoção do home office para seus colaboradores, permitindo que gestores, ergonomistas, engenheiros e pesquisadores tenham insumos para planejar a incorporação do home office de maneira apropriada nas organizações.
Avaliação ergonômica preliminar em um frigorífico bovino
Authors: Serpa Soares Roberto , Amaral Fernando Gonçalves
Published: August 2023

Existem diversas abordagens e metodologias de análise ergonômica, assim como, inúmeras ferramentas para se analisar os fatores de riscos em que trabalhadores podem estar expostos. Uma delas é a Ergonomia Participativa, que consiste em integrar os trabalhadores na análise dos problemas e na definição das ações para otimizar sua situação de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo, analisar a situação ergonômica no setor de abate, em um frigorífico bovino de pequeno porte, por meio de uma Avaliação Ergonômica Preliminar (AEP). Para isso, foram analisadas as condições de trabalho do setor com base na estratégia SOBANE de Gestão de Riscos e das 18 rubricas da metodologia DePaRis. Ainda, a ferramenta da gestão da qualidade 5W2H, tornou-se importante para planejar as ações corretivas sobre os problemas evidenciados no estudo. Complementando o plano de ação, a Matriz GUT priorizou as correções mais significativas, conforme gravidade e urgência para tratamento. Ao final, Como ferramenta ergonômica, o protocolo REBA de avaliação postural, serviu para avaliar posturas desfavoráveis do ponto de vista ergonômico nos postos de trabalho do setor. Foram identificados aspectos a serem trabalhados de forma rápida e impactante, como os problemas ambientais e de organização do trabalho, que em sua maioria envolvem baixos custos de implantação.
Questioning How to Define the “Ultra-High-Risk” Subgroup of Neuroblastoma Patients
Authors: Demir A. B. , Aktas Safiye , Altun Z. , Ercetin P. , Aktas T. C. , Olgun N.
Published: August 2023

Neuroblastic tumours exhibit heterogeneity, which results in different therapeutic outcomes. Neuroblastoma is categorized into three major risk groups (low, intermediate, high risk). Recent identification of new genes raised the possibility of new biomarkers to identify sub-risk groups. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess new biomarkers defining the ultra-high-risk subgroup within the high-risk group that differ in clinical situation with very bad prognosis. Twenty-five low- and 29 high-risk groups of patients were analysed for their expression of ALK, ATRX, HIF1a, HIF2a (EPAS), H2AFX, and ETV5 genes at the RNA level. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the protein expression level of ALK. The risk group of patients was determined according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Stratification System. Spearman correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney-U nonparametric test were used to assess the importance of expression levels among the groups. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Sensitivity of the results was checked by ROC curve analysis. All analysed genes were found to be highly expressed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group, except for ETV5. When the ultra-high-risk and highrisk groups were compared, ALK was found to be highly expressed in the ultra-high-risk group. Our results show that ALK may be a candidate gene whose mRNA expression levels can distinguish the ultrahigh- risk subgroup of patients in the high-risk group of patients with non-familial neuroblastoma.
First record of the Small Indian Mongoose Urva auropunctatus (Hodgson 1836) from Syria
Authors: Aidek Ahmad E. , Al-Sheikhly Omar F.
Published: August 2023

The Small Indian Mongoose Urva auropunctata (Hodgson 1836) is a small carnivore native to Iraq and South Asia; however, it has been widely introduced worldwide. The species has never been reported in Syria; however, it was suspected to occur in the extreme eastern parts of the country, but no confirmed records were made. In 2021–2022, several sightings were notified during in situ surveys in Deir ez-Zor Province in eastern Syria which confirm the first occurrence of the Small Indian Mongoose in the country.
Does Innovation Shape the Employment Growth Distribution? Evidence from East European Firms
Authors: Schneck Stefan , Nielen Sebastian , Dienes Christian
Published: August 2023

Employment growth is one of the most crucial indicators for economic policy. Existing studies show that only a small fraction of firms experience high growth rates and create the most new jobs. Making use of recentered influence function regressions, this study examines the effects of process and product innovations on the employment growth distribution. The analysis is based on firm data from Eastern European countries. The effects of process innovation on job creation are ambiguous. An increase in firms with products and services that are new to the market shape the upper tail of the employment growth distribution. Product and service innovations thus cause skewness of the employment growth distribution and are a major determinant of job creation. This study therefore presents evidence on whether and how innovation activities affect employment growth and contributes to the lively debate about how to foster employment growth.
Das Kompetenzzentrum für Windenergie (CCW) an der PTB
Authors: Härtig Frank , Hornig Julia
Published: August 2023

Mit dem Kompetenzzentrum für Windenergie (CCW) hat die Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) eine Infrastruktur zur hochgenauen Messung großer dreidimensionaler Bauteile mit Abmaßen bis 5 m × 4 m × 2 m sowie großer Drehmomente bis 5 MN⋅m geschaffen. Die Drehmomenten-Normalmesseinrichtung ist bereits für die Erzeugung und Messung von Drehmomenten bis 20 MN⋅m ausgelegt. Zusätzlich verfügt das CCW über eine Einrichtung, mit der sich Wind-LIDAR-Systeme quantitativ erfassen lassen. Diese Messeinrichtungen mit ihren zugehörigen Messverfahren sind in ihrer Messgenauigkeit weltweit bisher unerreicht. Wie sich heute zeigt, zahlt es sich aus, dass die PTB bereits vor der Energiewende mit diesen Entwicklungen begonnen hat, um auf die bestehenden messtechnischen Herausforderungen Antworten auf die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Fragen zu geben. Alle drei Messverfahren werden in diesem Beitrag zusammenfassend angesprochen. Ausführliche Erläuterungen finden sich in weiteren Beiträgen dieser Ausgabe.
Immunotherapy as a Turning Point in the Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors:   Department of Neurological Surgery, Sion Hospital, Switzerland, Fernandes Gil Nuno Castro
Published: August 2023

The incidence of tumor metastases in the brain is many times more frequent than primary brain tumors, affecting a very large share of patients suffering from systemic cancer. Advanced malignant melanoma is well known for its ability to invade the brain space and current treatment options, such as surgery and radiation therapy, are not very efficient and cause notable complications and morbidity. The aim of this review is to explore the recent advances and future potential of using immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma brain metastases. Several FDA approved immunotherapeutic drugs have shown to be able to at least double the overall survival rates in such patients. Clinical trials of varying phases are underway and available results are promising, significantly prolonging survival rates in patients with previously untreated melanoma brain metastases. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these immunotherapies, facing a high percentage of resistant cases, without yet knowing the mechanisms and causes of resistance behind. Also, at the time of immunotherapy, a small percentage of patients is affected by pseudoprogression, which can be difficult to distinguish from true progression given the similarity of symptoms. Therefore, there is a pressing need for future research about treatment effectiveness in patients with brain metastases from melanoma, including outcomes from the perspective of patients.
Features of management decisions in small and medium business in conditions of dynamic change
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Filippov Volodymyr , Antoshchuk Vitalii ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the features of management decision-making (DM) in small and medium-sized businesses in a dynamic change. It is shown that the importance of management decisions in recent decades has increased significantly. The peculiarities of managerial decisionmaking in SMB in the conditions of dynamic changes are analyzed.The influence of limitations is shown and the basic criteria of an estimation of administrative decisions are noted. It is noted that the most effective means of supporting management decisions are expert methods that have proven themselves both for assessing and forecasting the characteristics of the market object and for developing scenarios for enterprise development.It is shown that in the presence of a high organizational culture at the enterprise, it is advisable to conduct an examination by a team of insider experts. The principles of development and decision-making by a team of insider experts are given, which allow to significantly reduce costs. The expediency of conducting an expert evaluation by a team of insider experts is substantiated.
Assessment of the cost reimbursement of damages caused to owners of wheeled vehicle according to the position of insurance companies
Authors:   Оdessa National Economic University, Volchek Ruslan , Bolshakov Sergey ,   LLC "Odessa Research Institute of Forensic Examination and Evaluation", Naida Аndrii ,   Odessa State Agrarian University
Published: August 2023

The article proves, that compared to foreign ones, domestic insurance companies with partial and full insurance of vehicles, reimburse only part of the damages in a traffic accident due to agerelated wear of the car. In order to maintain transparency in the calculation of damages in road accidents, it is justified to amend the regulatory framework of Ukraine in part, that the amount of compensation for real damages to the owner of the damaged car should be equal to the cost of overhaul, calculated at the prices listed in the primary documents without taking into account physical wear.
Christian mission, catholic schools, and teacher training in Indonesia: а historical overview
Authors: Idrus Asrinda
Published: August 2023

This article provides a brief historical overview of the Christian mission in Indonesia, which was started by the Roman Catholic Church in the 14th century, interrupted by the Protestants in the 17th century, and was resumed by the Catholics at the beginning of the 19th century. The author of the article confers a brief description of the historical events in Indonesia during these periods and dwells on the problems of mission and education in the country. The period when access to education, including pedagogical education, was available only to the Indonesian privileged, ended at the beginning of the 20th century with the start of the missionary activity of the Dutch Jesuit missionary, Franciscus Georgius Josephus van Lith. He established Catholic educational institutions, among them, in 1906, the Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool, a system of teacher training schools to prepare indigenous Indonesian boys to become the new class of society — indigenous teachers. The school later developed into the first Jesuit college in Indonesia, Xaverius Muntilan College, which also became the first Catholic boarding school to offer secondary education to the indigenous people of Java and beyond. Xavier College subsequently influenced various areas of social life in Indonesia, preparing a cultural as well as political elite from the indigenous Indonesians who became partakers in the Catholic mission. The article discusses the history of the creation of this school, characterises the pedagogical views of Romo van Lit, his approaches to the organisation of pedagogical activity and teacher training. In conclusion, it is noted that Romo van Lit was able to create an unprecedented system of educational institutions in a foreign land, which, for more than a century of existence, has gained academic recognition, by reason of its unique professional training programs for Catholic school teachers, which include the traditional values of the Indonesian people. This historical feature of teacher training in Indonesia continues to the present time.
Formation of ecological knowledge for primary-school students through the study of succession in wild nature
Authors: Mumrikov Oleg , Konstantinova Vasilisa
Published: August 2023

The relevance of this article is due to the need for the formation of environmental knowledge of younger schoolchildren in modern conditions. One of the interesting and promising areas is the study of succession in the wild. The article reflects the essence of the concept of "succession", describes the work on the formation of environmental knowledge in primary school children through the study of succession in the wild, presents the results of the experiment, clearly demonstrating positive changes in indicators in the field of environmental knowledge.As is known, succession is a natural sequential change in the ecosystem, in which one biocenosis in a given area of the lithosphere is gradually replaced by another. If the conditions for the change of biocenoses are not violated by external factors, the succession is directed, predictable. Although physical factors determine the nature of succession, it is controlled by the biological community. The conducted pedagogical experiment speaks about the effectiveness of the use of visual. Elementary school children were able to learn about the concept of "succession," despite the fact that this topic is not usually taught in elementary school.
Julgamentos metacognitivos e o desempenho de idosos em tarefas de memória
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Clara Miceli , Waltz Schelinic Patrícia , França Alex Bacadini , Perches Lucas , Casatti Denise
Published: August 2023

O estudo objetivou investigar o monitoramento metacognitivo de idosos através da análise de relações entre o desempenho estimado por eles e seus reais desempenhos em tarefas de memória de curto prazo. Participaram 30 idosos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 65 e 90 anos, além de uma pessoa próxima a cada um deles, totalizando 60 participantes. Os resultados dos subtestes Aritmética, Dígitos e Sequência de Números e Letras do WAIS III foram correlacionados à pontuação obtida pelos idosos na Escala de Metacognição-Sênior e aos julgamentos dos idosos e das pessoas próximas quanto ao desempenho dos idosos nos subtestes. Foram encontradas correlações fortes e significativas entre os julgamentos e o desempenho real para os três subtestes e correlações moderadas e significativas entre julgamentos de pessoas próximas e o desempenho real dos idosos nos subtestes. Os resultados indicaram que idosos, cuidadores/familiares podem julgar adequadamente os desempenhos em tarefas de memória.
Key mechanisms underlying miscarriage, literature review
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rynda-Dziuryi N.A. , Govsieiev D.O. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Pregnancy is a special natural state of a woman’s body, in which important and extremely complex physiological processes take place, which play a great role in the existence and restoration of the population. Miscarriage, or involuntary termination of pregnancy, is one of the most important problems in the field of health care both in Ukraine and throughout the world as a whole. Modern obstetric strategy aimed at reducing perinatal morbidity, mortality of women and disability of children, however, numerous studies and data from leading clinics indicate the absence of a tendency to reduce reproductive losses. Purpose - to analyze and summarize the literature on the key mechanisms underlying miscarriage; to discuss new concepts in this area. Used analytical and bibliosemantic methods, review and analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature. Given the high trend of «ageing motherhood», contradictory data on the cause and effect relationship among many known causes of miscarriage, the lack of consensus among experts on methods of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of pregnant women with habitual miscarriage, as well as negative lifestyle factors, the introduction of new algorithms for diagnostic and preventive measures for women remains relevant. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Structural changes and changes in the hormone-producing function of the thyroid gland during pregnancy in the natural cycle and with the use of additional reproductive technologies
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kyrylchuk O.O.
Published: August 2023

Purpose - to evaluate changes in thyroid function that occur during normal pregnancy and in the use of assisted reproductive technologies, various disorders with their consequences for the mother and fetus, laboratory diagnosis and the best ways to treat these conditions. Common abnormalities of thyroid function, such as hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and benign thyroid neoplasms, which disrupt menstrual cycles and female fertility, are considered, which, in turn, directly affect the course of pregnancy, and can lead to pregnancy termination, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, neonatal morbidity, including reduced fetal neurological development. It has been suggested that the harmful effects of thyroid dysfunction may also extend not only to pregnancy and childbirth, but also affect the neuro-intellectual development of a child at an early age. Early diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is an important and cost-effective aspect aimed at avoiding the occurrence of secondary complications in both the fetus and the mother caused by thyroid dysfunction. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Probiotics, gut microbiota, and diseases associated with the immaturity of the digestive tract in very preterm infants
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Dobryk D.S. , Dobryanskyy D.O. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Interruption of the formation of gut microbiota in preterm infants increases the probability of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). The use of probiotics can reduce the corresponding risk. Purpose - to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of enteral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in reducing the incidence of NEC, LOS, and overall mortality in infants with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks, as well as the effect of the probiotic on the formation of the gut microbiota. Materials and methods. 100 newborns with GA ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1500 g were enrolled in the open randomized study. 50 infants in the probiotic group until reaching postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks received Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 at a dose of 108 CFU/day with enteral feeding (EF), and 50 infants in the comparison group received standard treatment. The primary effectiveness criteria were the incidence of NEC, LOS, and overall mortality. As the secondary criteria, the duration of the period to reach the full EF, the number of episodes of feeding intolerance, duration of antibacterial therapy, weight at PMA of 36 weeks, and length of hospital stay were used. Results. The administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 at a dose of 108 CFU/day neither reduced the incidence of NEC and LOS nor overall mortality. This intervention, however, significantly reduced the length of hospital stay in infants with GA ≥28 weeks (56.0 (46.0-71.0) days vs 65.0 (60.0-87.9) days; р=0.03), and was associated with the earlier achievement of full enteral volume (23.0 (16.0-37.0) days vs 30.0 (18.0-37.0) days; р=0.26) and fewer episodes of feeding intolerance in infants with GA <28 weeks (1.0 (1.0-3.0) vs 3.0 (3.0-4.0); р=0.19). No effect of the probiotic therapy on the gut colonization by Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. was observed. Conclusions. Enteral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 improves tolerance to EF and reduces the period to achieve full EF and the total length of hospital stay in preterm infants. The effect of this probiotic on the incidence of NEC and LOS, as well as the postnatal formation of the gut microbiota, requires further study. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Picky eating children at pediatrician’s appointment
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bobrova V.I. , Kot L.P. ,   Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 7 of Pechersk district, Kyiv, Ukraine, Luhova L.A. ,   Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 7 of Pechersk district, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The review article provides data from modern approaches to diagnosis and correction of behavioral eating disorders, that tend to occur in preschool children. Purpose - to consider the algorithm of pediatrician’s actions in the case of preschool children eating difficulties; to point out the main ways to prevent from development of child’s health negative consequences. Basic principles of eating behaviour disturbances were analyzed. The main factors, that affect the establishment of child eating behaviour are pregnant woman nutrition, influence of genetic factors and breastfeeding in early childhood. Malnutrition and loss of appetite among the preschool children with a lack of timely detection and due correction lead to negative consequences for children’s health and development, associated with chronic nutriet deficiency. Pediatrician algorithm of actions to manage preschool children eating difficulties includes the estimation of physical development, excluding of internal organs pathology, central nervous system and neuropsychiatric disease. Nutritional anamnesis should comprise information about child’s nutrition from the moment of birth: composition and method of feeding, age of complementary food introduction, food tolerance and manifestation of unusual eating behaviour at this time. Conclusions. When parents visit a pediatrician with complaints about difficulties in feeding a preschool child, it is necessary to calmly and thoroughly analyze the child’s behaviour, general physical condition and eating habits, and, based on this, determine the possible reasons why the child has no appetite. This will determine what to do with the “starving” child, and whether it is need to do anything at all. The main rules that will help to form healthy eating behaviour in children are the formation of healthy eating habits and the development of healthy lifestyle skills in the child’s family, a full and varied diet, nutrition, regular exercise and outdoor walks. Treatment should be comprehensive and focus primarily on the psychological side of the problem, with nutritional correction as needed. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Modern ideas about the importance of providing zinc in infectious diseases in children
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ukraine, Pechugina V.V. , Usachova O.V. ,   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that is critical for growth, development and maintenance of immune function. Zn is an indispensable trace element for humans, which is part of more than 20 metalloenzymes, including DNA and RNA polymerase, phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase and some others. The cycle of cell development requires this trace element. The permeability of cell membranes is also related to Zn. It has antioxidant properties and delays the apoptosis of peripheral cells. The formation of immunity depends on the body’s supply of Zn, and its deficiency causes atrophy of the thymic-lymphatic system. Zn is part of insulin, accelerates the regeneration of the mucous layer of the intestines, increases the activity of enzymes of the brush border of enterocytes, increases the level of secretory antibodies and the intensity of cellular immunity. The provision of this element cannot but affect the course of various infectious pathologies. Purpose - by analyzing modern literature data, to find out the importance of Zn provision in infectious pathologies in children. It is analyzed a review of the literature on the pathogenetic role of Zn in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of infectious diseases, based on a search for articles in the Science, Medline and PubMed databases published from January 2017 to June 2021. An analysis of current literature has shown that Zn is an important micronutrient involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Zn is necessary to ensure the barrier function of membranes. It is involved in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response. Zn homeostasis is essential for many aspects of the immune system, including hematopoiesis, cell maturation and differentiation, cell cycle progression, and proper immune cell function. Consequently, Zn deficiency leads to cell-mediated immune dysfunctions. Such dysfunctions lead to deterioration of the body's response to bacterial infection. Zn is known to modulate antiviral immunity. Due to zinc, the production of interferon-α is activated and its antiviral activity is increased. Studies show that during the infectious process there is a decrease in the concentration of zinc in the blood plasma. Such changes, on the one hand, provide the needs of immune protection factors, and on the other hand, reduce the availability of the trace element for pathogens. Conclusions. Zn is one of the important trace elements that plays a leading role in maintaining homeostasis and is an integral component of the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions of infectious origin. The most studied is Zn deficiency in infectious diarrhea in children, but studies have been conducted in developing countries with limited resources. No works studying the prevalence of Zn deficiency in Ukraine were found. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Role of γδ T Cells in Cancer Progression and Therapy
Authors: Padmaraju Vasudevaraju , Sankla Yogitha , Malla Rama Rao
Published: August 2023

γδ T cells signify a foundational group of immune cells that infiltrate tumors early on, engaging in combat against cancer cells. The buildup of γδ T cells as cancer advances underscores their significance. Initially, these cells infiltrate and enact cytotoxic effects within the tumor tissue. However, in later stages, the predominant phenotype of γδ T cells undergoes changes in numerous cancers, fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Different mechanisms induced by cancer cell suppress effector action of γδ T cells and even sometimes promote cancer progression. In the early stages, stopping this mechanism clears this challenge and enables γδ T cells to effectively remove cancer cells. Given this context, it becomes imperative to delve into the mechanisms of how γδ T cells function in tumor microenvironment. This review discusses γδ T cells' role across different cancer types.
Advances in Mechanism and Application of Molecular Breeding of Medicinal Mushrooms: A Review
Authors: Jiang Wenming , Wang Jing , Pan Hongyu , Yang Rui , Ma Feifei , Luo Jiahao , Han Chunchao
Published: August 2023

With the development of molecular biology and genomics technology, mushroom breeding methods have changed from single traditional breeding to molecular breeding. Compared with traditional breeding methods, molecular breeding has the advantages of short time and high efficiency. It breaks through the restrictive factors of conventional breeding and improves the accuracy of breeding. Molecular breeding technology is gradually applied to mushroom breeding. This paper summarizes the concept of molecular breeding and the application progress of various molecular breeding technologies in mushroom breeding, in order to provide reference for future research on mushroom breeding.