bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKSI PREVENTIF (PENYULUHAN, SIKAT GIGI BERSAMA, PEMERIKSAAN DAN PENCABUTAN GIGI) DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN GIGI MULUT ANAK DI SDN 07 DAN SDN 109 NEGERI IHAMAHU SAPARUA TIMUR MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Irawan Kerin , Azhar Ilmannafi’a , Shoud Auliya Abdullah Al , Gyadi Aldifah , Anakotta Alin , Loppies Frensly
Published: January 2025

This activity aims to increase children's knowledge, awareness, and motivation in implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle, especially the behavior of brushing teeth properly and sustainably. Preventive actions (counseling, mass toothbrushing, dental examination, and tooth extraction) to improve oral health are the options chosen to increase children's awareness that dental health is very important. This descriptive study aims to describe data on community service activities by the Jejak Muda Indonesia community in Negeri Ihamahu, Saparua, Central Maluku. Participants in this activity consisted of two schools, namely SDN 07 and SDN 109 Negeri Ihamahu. Activities carried out in the form of counseling, mass toothbrushing, dental examination, and tooth extraction carried out both outside and inside the room: a) Dental and oral health counseling with talkative methods using poster media with material on how to brush teeth properly, recognizing tooth decay, causes and symptoms of tooth decay and how to prevent tooth decay b) Mass toothbrushing activities outside the classroom, c) Dental and oral examinations aim to determine the level of children's dental and oral health by seeing whether or not there are carious teeth, filled teeth, missing teeth, loose teeth, and other dental and oral abnormalities, d) Extraction of loose teeth. With preventive actions, it is hoped that students can be more aware that dental and oral health is very important to increase motivation to always maintain healthy behavior in everyday life to achieve optimal health levels.
LUTO, RESILIÊNCIA E O SAGRADO: ENSAIO E REFLEXÕES DE POSSIVEIS ENTRELACES
Authors: Amorim Railda Gomes Pereira , Oliveira Eduardo Vieira Pereira
Published: January 2025

A compreensão do luto tem sido considerada como uma prioridade de saúde pública devido aos seus desdobramentos e impacto na saúde física e mental, bem como a morbidade e mortalidade associada. No entanto, há relatos de que o cuidado e suporte ao luto tem características culturalmente sensíveis, além de uma extensa agenda de pesquisa para cuidados com luto, que inclui como prioridade estudos voltados a resiliência e a recuperação por meio do luto. Neste sentido, o presente ensaio teve como objetivo introduzir a discussão de alguns dos modelos de luto propostos na literatura, bem como abordar possíveis entrelaces com a resiliência e com manifestações do sagrado, a saber, da religiosidade e espiritualidade em uma cosmovisão judaico-cristã. Embora esse trabalho não seja uma ampla revisão da literatura, apresenta notas importantes sobre os caminhos seguidos no suporte ao luto, considerando clássicas referências na área. De modo que, após a caracterização do luto e alguns de seus desdobramentos, os resultados e discussões deste ensaio se apresentam em três tópicos: suporte ao luto, processo terapêutico no luto e espiritualidade e religiosidade no contexto de perda. A resiliência foi aqui entendida como uma combinação de fatores de proteção internos e externos ao individuo durante uma adversidade. Dentre estes elementos protetores internos e externos, foi destacado o papel da espiritualidade uma vez que as promessas e certezas extraídas da palavra de Deus, dão àqueles que têm fé uma forma saudável de experimentar, por meio da esperança, os processos de perda. Ao final, foi possível perceber, um importante entrelace e interseção entre a rede de resiliência e o exercício da fé no aconselhamento e cuidado no contexto de perdas e luto, tal como, fica evidente uma ainda importante lacuna de desenvolvimentos de pesquisas não apenas baseadas em evidências, mas voltadas a prática.
Czy potrzebna jest ustawowa definicja kartelu? Rozważania w oparciu o propozycję definicji zawartą w projekcie ustawy o roszczeniach o naprawienie szkody wyrządzonej przez naruszenie prawa konkurencji
Authors: Kłopocki Kamil
Published: January 2025

W projekcie ustawy o roszczeniach o naprawienie szkody wyrządzonej przez naruszenie prawa konkurencji, implementującej dyrektywę Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/104/UE z 26 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie niektórych przepisów regulujących dochodzenie roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu naruszenia prawa konkurencji państw członkowskich i Unii Europejskiej, objętego przepisami prawa krajowego, pojawia się po raz pierwszy w polskim systemie prawnym definicja kartelu. W ustawie z 16 lutego 2007 r. o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów, jak również w ustawach ją poprzedzających, m.in. ustawie o przeciwdziałaniu praktykom monopolistycznym, polski prawodawca definiował z kolei pojęcie porozumienia (ograniczającego konkurencję). Nie ulega wątpliwości, że oba terminy są częściowo tożsame. Kartel jest bowiem formą porozumienia. Czy tworzenie ustawowej definicji kartelu jest więc w ogóle potrzebne? Czy w przypadku nie wprowadzania definicji kartelu do polskiego ustawodawstwa będziemy w stanie sprostać wymaganiom zawartym w dyrektywie dotyczącym domniemania zaistnienia szkody w przypadku funkcjonowania kartelu? Co prawda projekt ustawy rozszerza owo domniemanie także na innego rodzaju praktyki naruszające konkurencję, jednak rozwiązanie to zdaje się stać w sprzeczności z założeniami, które leżały u podstaw tworzenia w dyrektywie nie tylko definicji kartelu, lecz także szerzej, założeniami leżącymi u podstaw tworzenia samej dyrektywy i będzie musiało zostać odpowiednio zmienione w toku prac legislacyjnych. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że innego rodzaju praktyki są niekiedy mniej szkodliwe od kartelu i tym samym nie zawsze będą pociągały za sobą szkodę. Chociażby w tym kontekście stworzenie odpowiednio precyzyjnej definicji kartelu wydaje się być zarówno przydatne, jak i konieczne.
Solidarna odpowiedzialność sprawców naruszenia prawa konkurencji przewidziana w projekcie ustawy o roszczeniach o naprawienie szkody wyrządzonej przez naruszenie prawa konkurencji z 7 lutego 2017 r. – aspekt podmiotowy
Authors: Milewska Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza problematyki związanej z konstrukcją solidarnej odpowiedzialności uczestników kartelu przewidzianej w projekcie ustawy o roszczeniach o naprawienie szkody wyrządzonej przez naruszenie prawa konkurencji z 7 lutego 2017 r., implementującej do polskiego porządku prawnego dyrektywę Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/104/UE z 26 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie naruszenia niektórych przepisów regulujących dochodzenie roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu naruszenia prawa konkurencji państw członkowskich i Unii Europejskiej objętego przepisami prawa krajowego. W niniejszym artykule autorka przedstawia także rozważania dotyczące przewidzianych w tym projekcie ustawy wyjątków od solidarnej odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej uczestników kartelu, szczegółowo analizuje zakres odpowiedzialności małych i średnich przedsiębiorców oraz przedsiębiorców, którzy w ramach procedury łagodzenia kar (leniency) zostali zwolnieni z kary przez krajowy organ antymonopolowy. W podsumowaniu niniejszego artykułu autorka prezentuje wnioski i postulaty dotyczące skutków wejścia w życie i stosowania polskich przepisów implementujących dyrektywę.
Community-based initiatives and mental wellbeing: a mixed methods study of parkrun
Authors:   , Dunne Allison Ruth
Published: January 2025

Community-based initiatives, combining a purposeful activity with social connection, are a health promotion intervention for people at risk of poor mental wellbeing. Evidence from the weekly community initiative parkrun has indicated that participation may have mental wellbeing benefits but the factors influencing this effect are unknown. This programme of research aimed to explore these factors using a mixed-methods approach. Study One was a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 4,304 parkrun participants in Ireland. The findings revealed that participants aged over 45 years reported higher-than-expected mental wellbeing scores and were more sociable than younger parkrun participants. These results, along with extant literature, suggested that middle-aged men who participate in parkrun are a population which merited further investigation. Study Two employed a qualitative approach to explore mental wellbeing and social experiences of middle-aged men who attend parkrun in Ireland. Online, semi-structured interviews were completed with 39 men aged 45-64 years. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in themes describing parkrun events as a supportive environment for mental wellbeing, with a choice of social connection which developed over time. Study Three used interview data from Study Two to develop personas representing the social goals of middle-aged men who attend parkrun in Ireland. The personas, along with consultation with key stakeholders, were used to develop policy and practice recommendations. The significant original contribution to knowledge in this thesis is that participation in parkrun can support mental wellbeing, through social experiences, for middle-aged men in Ireland. The findings showed that parkrun is a place where members of the community can make social connections. For middle-aged men in Ireland these connections can support mental wellbeing. The research provides insights which can be used to inform health promotion policy and practice for parkrun and similar community initiatives.
Le « clic-clac » éthique : quand le son de l’appareil photo soutient le consentement itératif dans les démarches d’enquêtes visuelles
Authors: Hummel Cornelia
Published: January 2025

La réalisation de photographies dans le cadre d’un terrain convoque des questions éthiques et légales, articulant consentement et droit à l’image, que les sociologues n’ont pas l’habitude de manier. En portant l’attention sur un aspect technique a priori anodin, le son produit par un appareil photo reflex numérique (autofocus et obturateur), l’article explore ce qui se joue autour de la prise de vue, du point de vue éthique. En effet, l’information perceptive que constitue ce son peut souligner, de façon très concrète, la perturbation que constitue l’enquête, tout comme elle peut ouvrir la voie à la renégociation du consentement à la prise d’image, sous forme de réticence ou de refus ponctuel. Ces questions seront examinées à l’aide de deux enquêtes adoptant des méthodes visuelles menées en Suisse romande, l’une portant sur le vieillissement en couvent et l’autre sur le vieillissement en prison.
De la sociologie dessinée à l’utilité de la sociologie
Authors: Sallée Nicolas , Oliver Judith
Published: January 2025

Cet article propose un retour réflexif sur la production d’une bande dessinée
sociologique consacrée à l’enfermement des jeunes délinquants à Montréal (Se
battre contre les murs. Un sociologue en centre jeunesse). Il pointe, pour
cela, un constat simple : plus qu’un travail d’illustration, la traduction dessinée
de la recherche exige un travail de scénarisation qui peut être assumé par les
personnes qui illustrent, mais aussi par d’autres personnes (éditeurs ou éditrices,
responsables de collection, etc.). À un premier niveau de lecture, l’article met
alors en évidence les rouages concrets de la sociologie dessinée et de la division
du travail qu’elle implique, au-delà du seul duo formé par le chercheur et
l’illustratrice. Il décrypte, ce faisant, les choix d’écriture — toujours
discutables — qu’a exigés ce travail de scénarisation : quel livre cherchions-nous à
produire, et avec quelles intentions (analytiques, sinon éthiques et politiques)
l’avons-nous fait ? L’article pose dès lors, à un second niveau de lecture, des
questions plus générales sur le métier de sociologue, en explicitant les choix, les
intentions et, in fine, le rapport à la critique qu’implique toute écriture de la
sociologie, de la plus académique à la plus vulgarisée.
“Everything Will Be OK”: Busking, Well-Being, and the Value of Music in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Ptatscheck Melanie
Published: January 2025

Busking can produce positive atmospheres in public spaces through diverse social relations that, in addition to the music itself, can contribute to a sense of wellbeing among the urban populace. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of music and live performances in terms of their positive impact on well-being. This article analyzes the situation of buskers during the pandemic and gives insight into their subjective realities. Using the example of New York musician Colin Huggins, known as “the piano man of Washington Square Park,” the author highlights buskers’ dependence on governmental and societal support to sustain both well-being and music cultures in public spaces.
“Lyricapitalism” in Nigerian Hip-Hop Subculture: Language, Cyber-Scam Representations, and the End of Sleep
Authors: Babalola Adesoji
Published: January 2025

This article aims to theorize the concept of “lyricapitalism” to spark a dialogue around the constellation of antinomies that popular music in Nigeria, especially hip-hop, navigates, grapples with, and articulates. By lyricapitalism, I mean lyrical representations of capitalist ideologies, most notably obsession with money, sleeplessness, and cyber-scam culture. I situate lyricapitalism in relation toJonathan Crary’s framework of 24/7 capitalism and Cedric Robinson’s idea of racial capitalism. I argue that Nigerian hip-hop’s lyricapitalism must be interrogated and deconstructed in the context of local and global power relations that marginalize most Nigerian youths and colonially configure them for disposability. I conclude that a new subculture of Nigerian hip-hop is emerging that represents counterculture as authenticity, aesthetics, resistance, and subversion.
Ways of Queerness: Two Cursory Readings of Robin Myers’s “Hunting and Gathering”
Authors: Wainberg Romina
Published: January 2025

This paper advances two readings of the poem “Hunting and Gathering” by Robin Myers: one argues that the text is queer and the other claims that what is queer is a specific interpretation of it. In the first section, I propose that the piece’s formal characteristics—quantity rhythm, sound repetition, and proportion—engage the concept of ‘queerness’ broadly understood as a critique of and a deviation from ingrained normative standards. I also assert that the piece’s thematic features—motifs, narrative devices, and tropologies—concern the acceptation of ‘queerness’ in its close-knit relationship with gender and sexuality. The second section shows that a literal reading of Myers’s text is queer insofar as it transgresses the law/s of genre/s. I depart from Jacques Derrida’s ambiguous use of the French term to propose that interpreting the text literally involves a non-linear consideration of poetic genres and a critique of the anthropo-logic of gender.
Sex-specific attenuation of photoreceptor degeneration by reserpine in a rhodopsin P23H rat model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Song Hyun Beom , Campello Laura , Mondal Anupam K , Chen Holly Y , English Milton A , Glen Michael , Vanlandingham Phillip , Farjo Rafal , Swaroop Anand
Published: January 2025

Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) constitute a group of clinically and genetically diverse vision-impairing disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common form of IRD, is characterized by gradual dysfunction and degeneration of rod photoreceptors, followed by the loss of cone photoreceptors. Recently, we identified reserpine as a lead molecule for maintaining rod survival in mouse and human retinal organoids as well as in the
rd16
mouse, which phenocopy Leber congenital amaurosis caused by mutations in the cilia-centrosomal gene
CEP290
(Chen
et al.
eLife 2023;12:e83205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.83205). Here, we show the therapeutic potential of reserpine in a rhodopsin P23H rat model of autosomal dominant RP. At postnatal day (P) 68, when males and females are analyzed together, the reserpine-treated rats exhibit higher rod-derived scotopic b-wave amplitudes compared to the controls with little or no change in scotopic a-wave or cone-derived photopic b-wave. Interestingly, the reserpine-treated female rats display enhanced scotopic a- and b-waves and photopic b-wave responses at P68, along with a better contrast threshold and increased outer nuclear layer thickness. The female rats demonstrate better preservation of both rod and cone photoreceptors following reserpine treatment. Retinal transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific responses to reserpine, with significant upregulation of phototransduction genes and proteostasis-related pathways, and notably, genes associated with stress response. This study builds upon our previously reported results reaffirming the potential of reserpine for gene-agnostic treatment of IRDs and emphasizes the importance of biological sex in retinal disease research and therapy development.
Impacto da densidade de plantio e cultivares no rendimento de óleo de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em regime de sequeiro
Authors: Deus Alex Santos de , Teodoro Iêdo , Peiter Amanda Santana , Alves Tiago Lima , Silva Erisson Marques da , Cirilo Thiago Ferreira , Ferreira Junior Ricardo Araújo
Published: January 2025

O amendoim desempenha um papel crucial na agricultura, destacando-se tanto economicamente quanto ambientalmente. Sua versatilidade permite usos variados, desde a alimentação humana até a extração de óleo e alimentação animal. No Brasil, o cultivo do amendoim tem crescido, especialmente em São Paulo, que abriga a maior parte da produção nacional. As variedades de amendoim incluem aquelas de hábito de crescimento ereto e rasteiro, sendo as eretas mais indicadas para pequenos agricultores devido à facilidade de manejo e menores custos. No Nordeste, cultivares como BR1 e BRS 151 L7 se adaptam bem às condições semiáridas, apresentando características favoráveis à produtividade e resistência a doenças. Este estudo focou na avaliação do teor de óleo em três cultivares, incluindo uma crioula e duas comerciais, em condições de sequeiro na Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Utilizou-se o método de extração Soxhlet, que revelou variações significativas nos rendimentos de óleo entre as cultivares, evidenciando o potencial para a indústria de biocombustíveis. A substituição do etanol por metanol como solvente aumentou a eficiência da extração para as três cultivares, sugerindo uma alternativa promissora para melhorar os rendimentos de óleo.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism-Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour: An Unusual Association and a Probable Syndrome
Authors: Fernandes Gwendolyn , . Avanika , Khumanthem Gloria
Published: January 2025

Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour (PMT) is a rare and underdiagnosed tumour that causes Tumour-Induced Osteomalacia (TIO). These tumours produce Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23), which inhibits renal tubular phosphate reabsorption, leading to hyperphosphaturia and oncogenic osteomalacia. The association of primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) with PMT is extremely rare, with only two cases reported in the literature to date. A 51-year-old male presented in a bedridden state with multiple episodes of fractures throughout his skeleton over six years. Investigations revealed mild hypocalcaemia, marked hypophosphatemia, elevated serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), low 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, and persistently raised Parathormone (PTH) levels. A 68-Ga-DOTANOC 3D PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan revealed a 4.1×3.2×2.5 cm DOTA avid mass in the right thigh. FGF23 levels were found to be 1466 pg/mL. A diagnosis of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with pHPT was made, and the mass was subsequently excised. The thigh mass measured 3.5×2.5 cm and had a tan-brown cut surface. Microscopy revealed a benign spindle cell tumour with a vasoformative pattern and areas of grungy calcification. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong positivity for Vimentin, while CD34, CD68, CK, and Desmin were negative. A diagnosis of PMT, Mixed Connective Tissue type, was established. Normal phosphate, calcium, and FGF23 levels were restored after surgery, and the patient was able to walk again. This unusual case of a patient with pHPT and PMT, and the possible existence of a “pHPT-PMT syndrome, “was reported in the Times of India on November 20, 2022, as “Rare phosphorus-guzzling tumour left Dongri man bedridden for three years.” The exact aetiology for the association of PMT and pHPT is not known, and the hypothesis of aberrant gene expression has been implicated.
Mortality by Age, Gender, and Race and Ethnicity in People Experiencing Homelessness in Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Fine Danielle R. , Dickins Kirsten A. , Adams Logan D. , Horick Nora K. , Critchley Natalia , Hart Katherine , Gaeta Jessie M. , Lewis Elizabeth , Looby Sara E. , Baggett Travis P.
Published: August 2023

Importance

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face disproportionately high mortality rates compared with the general population, but few studies have examined mortality in this population by age, gender, and race and ethnicity.

Objective

To evaluate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of PEH by age, gender, and race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

An observational cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2018. All analyses were performed between March 16, 2021, and May 12, 2022. A cohort of adults (age ≥18 years) seen at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP), a large federally funded Health Care for the Homeless organization in Boston, Massachusetts, from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2017, was linked to Massachusetts death occurrence files spanning January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2018.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Age-, gender-, and race and ethnicity–stratified all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates were examined and compared with rates in the urban Northeast US population using mortality rate ratios (RRs).

Results

Among the 60 092 adults included in the cohort with a median follow-up of 8.6 (IQR, 5.1-12.5) years, 7130 deaths occurred. The mean (SD) age at death was 53.7 (13.1) years; 77.5% of decedents were men, 21.0% Black, 10.0% Hispanic/Latinx, and 61.5% White. The all-cause mortality rate was 1639.7 deaths per 100 000 person-years among men and 830 deaths per 100 000 person-years among women. The all-cause mortality rate was highest among White men aged 65 to 79 years (4245.4 deaths per 100 000 person-years). Drug overdose was a leading cause of death across age, gender, and race and ethnicity groups, while suicide uniquely affected young PEH and HIV infection and homicide uniquely affected Black and Hispanic/Latinx PEH.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large cohort study of PEH, all-cause and cause-specific mortality varied by age, gender, and race and ethnicity. Tailored interventions focusing on those at elevated risk for certain causes of death are essential for reducing mortality disparities across homeless-experienced groups.
Biochemical characterisation of a novel broad pH spectrum subtilisin from Fictibacillus arsenicusDSM 15822T
Authors: Falkenberg Fabian , Kohn Sophie , Bott Michael , Bongaerts Johannes , Siegert Petra
Published: August 2023

Subtilisins from microbial sources, especially from the Bacillaceae family, are of particular interest for biotechnological applications and serve the currently growing enzyme market as efficient and novel biocatalysts. Biotechnological applications include use in detergents, cosmetics, leather processing, wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals. To identify a possible candidate for the enzyme market, here we cloned the gene of the subtilisin SPFA from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822T (obtained through a data mining‐based search) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis DB104. After production and purification, the protease showed a molecular mass of 27.57 kDa and a pI of 5.8. SPFA displayed hydrolytic activity at a temperature optimum of 80 °C and a very broad pH optimum between 8.5 and 11.5, with high activity up to pH 12.5. SPFA displayed no NaCl dependence but a high NaCl tolerance, with decreasing activity up to concentrations of 5 m NaCl. The stability enhanced with increasing NaCl concentration. Based on its substrate preference for 10 synthetic peptide 4‐nitroanilide substrates with three or four amino acids and its phylogenetic classification, SPFA can be assigned to the subgroup of true subtilisins. Moreover, SPFA exhibited high tolerance to 5% (w/v) SDS and 5% H2O2 (v/v). The biochemical properties of SPFA, especially its tolerance of remarkably high pH, SDS and H2O2, suggest it has potential for biotechnological applications.
Transforming the World: The Architectural Art of Brian Clarke
Authors: Greenhalgh Paul
Published: August 2023

Brian Clarke is one of the UK's foremost international artists. For the last four decades he has specialised in creating highly beautiful stained‐glass work, instantly recognisable for its bright and arresting colours. His work is often thoughtfully integrated into buildings, providing them with a special sense of place. Paul Greenhalgh, Director of the Zaha Hadid Foundation, investigates Clarke's creative trajectory.
Dance of Light and Line: When an Architect Turns to Art
Authors: Ritchie Ian
Published: August 2023

Ian Ritchie is not bound by stylistic fetishes and long‐established, old‐fashioned protocols of solving architectural problems. Each of his projects is designed from first principles, even before spaces and materials are projected. He prefers to get to know his clients and their organisations in extreme detail. At concept stage he uses the other arts to inspire his outputs – poetry, etching and painting, to name but a few. Here he describes his methodologies.
Surface Modification of Porous Titanium and Titanium Alloy Implants Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting: A Review
Authors: Liu Weijun , Li Wanqiu , Wang Huiru , Bian Hongyou , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2023

Titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants with porous structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) can match the elastic modulus of human bone to reduce the stress‐shielding effect and satisfy the personalized requirement in orthopedic surgery. Compared with conventional casting and forging Ti and its alloy implants, SLM implants possess unique microstructural features and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, the unmelted powder particles inevitably adhere to the surfaces of SLM implants, which may result in excessive surface roughness and potential health risks. Moreover, there are significant issues encountered, such as bioactivity, toxicity, antibacterial activity, corrosion, and wear resistance. Consequently, surface modification methods are essential to remove the unmelted powder particles and improve biological and mechanical properties of SLM implants. Herein, the research efforts focus exclusively on chemical (acid treatment, alkali treatment, sol–gel, chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition) and electrochemical methods (anodization and microarc oxidation) for SLM Ti and its alloy implants, especially for porous structures. Particularly, the characteristics of these methods are summarized, and their commonly used pre‐ and post‐treatment methods are introduced. In addition, the development trends and challenges in surface modification of SLM Ti and its alloy implants are discussed.
Hijacking Endogenous Iron and GSH Via a Polyvalent Ferroptosis Agonist to Enhance Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Lei Ningjing , Yao Xiaohan , Zhang Yu , Dong Ya , Yi Jinmeng , Li Xinyan , Deng Wenjing , Nie Guangjun , Qin Zhihai
Published: August 2023

The clinical application of ferroptosis, characterized by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, is limited because of the serious side effects of using toxic‐dose iron. Herein, a polyvalent ferroptosis agonist‐a hypoxia responsive polymer bearing 18‐crown‐6 ring (hPPAA18C6) is developed. In contrast to the natural ferroptosis agonists (erastin, RSL3, and sorafenib), hPPAA18C6 stimulates the ferroptosis by releasing endogenous iron stored in the natural “iron pools” of cellular organelles and depleting glutathione (GSH) via the benzoquinone generated from the cascade decaging reactions in hypoxia. hPPAA18C6 nanoparticle is loaded with photosensitizer‐chlorine e6 (Ce6) (hPPAA18C6@Ce6) due to the inhomogeneous hypoxia microenvironment. Moreover, the exposed positively charged primary amine (NH2) from hPPAA18C6 acts as an immune adjuvant, facilitating dendritic cells maturation, antigen presentation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. hPPAA18C6@Ce6 induces anti‐tumor responses that are dependent on ferroptosis, photodynamics therapy (PDT), and CD8+ T‐cell activity. In addition, the combination of hPPAA18C6 and Ce6 leads to combined therapeutic outcomes in primary, distant, and metastatic tumors. The activation of the ferroptosis pathway through functional polymer‐hijacking endogenous iron and GSH may offer new therapeutic opportunities.
Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg2+/Li+ Separation Membranes and Modules
Authors: Peng Huawen , Su Yafei , Liu Xufei , Li Jiapeng , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2023

High performance polyamide nanofiltration membranes play important roles in Mg2+/Li+ separation and Li+ extraction, but they are prepared via multiple time‐/labor demanding steps. Both the scalability of these membranes and the engineering of membrane modules remain an elusive challenge. Here the design of a Gemini‐electrolyte monomer (GEM) featuring bidentate amine groups, quaternary ammonia, and endocyclic contorted conformation is reported. The monomer's low interfacial diffusivity is balanced by high condensational reactivity during its interfacial polymerization with trimesoyl chloride (TMC), leading to the straightforward formation of defect‐free, ≈14 nm thick membranes. The membrane shows the highest permeance (≈19.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) among Mg2+/Li+ nanofiltration membranes prepared via straightforward interfacial polymerization without post‐modification, combined with good Mg2+/Li+ selectivity (≈15.4) and stability. The validity of GEM design is verified by control monomers. Large‐area (1 × 2 m2) GEM‐TMC membranes and spiral‐wound modules (effective area: 0.5 m2) are prepared, both of which show reproducible and high performance.
An Inorganic Water‐Glass‐Based Hydrogel for Processing Hierarchically Porous 3D Structures by Combined Robocasting and Direct Foaming
Authors: Yang Liu , Kaba Onur , Wang Peng , Auhl Dietmar , Haibel Astrid , Görke Oliver , Fleck Claudia
Published: August 2023

Bioinspired, graded structures with hierarchical porosity, combining high surface area with low density, are attractive for a wide range of applications. Local adaptation of properties makes it possible to fine‐tune their strength and degradation kinetics over time. Production of such structures is, however, still scientifically and technically challenging. A versatile approach for fabricating hierarchical, porous structures from water‐glass (WG), exploiting its inherent foaming ability in conjunction with robocasting, for applications such as, bone‐replacement scaffolds, is presented. The unique processing route that is proposed uses a purely inorganic, mouldable sodium silicate hydrogel based on WG as ink for robocasting, which makes it cost‐effective and highly environmentally friendly. The WG‐based hydrogels can be used in a pure state, and also as carrier systems, e.g., for tricalcium phosphate. Following heat treatment at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C, the robocast parts develop hierarchical porosities. Multi‐microscale porosity is created due to foaming during heating, in addition to the macroscale porosity designed during robocasting. The suggested process opens up a powerful alternative to fabrication routes presently available for hierarchically porous structures.
Room‐Temperature Wide‐Gap Inorganic Materials with Excellent Plasticity
Authors: Huang Haoran , Chen Heyang , Gao Zhiqiang , Ma Yupeng , Zhao Kunpeng , Wei Tian‐Ran , Shi Xun
Published: August 2023

In general, inorganic non‐metallic materials exhibit brittleness, and achieving plasticity in wide‐gap semiconductors or dielectrics poses an even greater challenge. Historically, silver halides have been suggested to be ductile; however, their deformability under different load modes has not been well demonstrated, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the authors demonstrate the excellent plasticity of AgCl and AgBr polycrystals at room temperature under tension, bending, compression, and roller pressing. In particular, the rolling reduction rate of AgCl/AgBr exceeds 97%, corresponding to the plastic extensibility from 3600% to 4200%. The metal‐like plasticity and multiple slip systems are attributed to the ionic features, specifically the Coulombic nature of the Ag‐Cl/Br interactions, and the appreciable polarization of the anions. Such less localized diffuse bonding can be readily switched upon atomic gliding, thus ensuring slip without cleavage. This study contributes to the advancement of the understanding and development of wide‐gap plastically deformable inorganic materials for applications in flexible, shape‐conformable high‐power electronics and dielectrics.
Highly Stretchable, Resilient, Adhesive, and Self‐Healing Ionic Hydrogels for Thermoelectric Application
Authors: Fu Mi , Sun Zhenxuan , Liu Xiaobo , Huang Zhenkai , Luan Guifang , Chen Yutong , Peng Jianping , Yue Kan
Published: August 2023

Harvesting low‐grade waste heat from the natural environment with thermoelectric materials is considered as a promising solution for the sustainable energy supply for wearable electronic devices. For practical applications, it is desirable to endow the thermoelectric materials with excellent mechanical and self‐healing properties, which remains a great challenge. Herein, the design and characterization of a series of high‐performance ionic hydrogels for soft thermoelectric generator applications are reported. Composed of a physically cross‐linked network of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEO) doped with sodium chloride, the resulting PAA‐PEO‐NaCl ionic hydrogels demonstrates impressive mechanical strength (breaking stress >1.3 MPa), stretchability (>1100%), and toughness (up to 7.34 MJ m−3). Moreover, the reversible hydrogen bonding interaction and chain entanglement render the ionic hydrogels with excellent mechanical resilience, adhesion properties, and self‐healing properties. At ambient conditions, the electrochemical and thermoelectric performance of the ionic hydrogels can be restored immediately from physical damage such as cutting, and the mechanical healing can be completely restored within 24 h. At the optimized composition, the Seebeck coefficient of the ionic hydrogels can reach 3.26 mV K−1 with a low thermal conductivity of 0.321 W m−1 K−1. Considering the excellent mechanical properties and thermoelectric performance, it is believed that the ionic hydrogels are widely applicable in ionic thermoelectric capacitors to convert low‐grade heat into electricity for soft electronic devices.
All‐In‐One Hardware Devices with Event‐Based Vision Sensor Arrays for Image Sensing, Computing, and Learning
Authors: Zhang Sen , Xiao Pingdan , Hong Xitong , Hong Ruohao , Liu Chang , Tian Qianlei , Su Wanhan , Ma Chao , Liu Xingqiang , Li Kenli , Ho Johnny C. , Lv Yawei , Hong Qinghui , Liao Lei , Zou Xuming
Published: August 2023

Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are considered as potential candidates for the low‐cost, large‐area fabrication of flexible optoelectronic devices. However, the current optoelectronic devices based on MOSs are limited to unidirectional photoresponse, which constrains the performance of MOSs‐based vision sensors for artificial vision systems. Herein, for the first time, a flexible artificial vision system integrated with optical perception, computation, and learning functionalities is demonstrated using SnO optoelectronic synaptic transistor‐based event‐driven vision sensors to enable dynamic image perception, noise reduction, detection, and recognition. Specifically, an ambipolar SnO transistor is demonstrated by introducing HfO2 passivation layer, which facilitates the movement of O atoms around Sn‐vacancy sites to the HfO2 layer to achieve the transformation from p‐type to ambipolar transport behaviors. More importantly, the HfO2‐passivated SnO transistors exhibit gate‐tunable bidirectional photoresponse behavior, which is essential to simulate the neurobiological functionalities of bipolar cells. This way, the multilayer neural network learning circuit built from SnO transistors achieves fast recognition at a 16% Gaussian noise level and high recognition accuracy up to 95.2% for pattern letters. Under the bending states, recognition accuracies are still retained at 91.2%. These properties are well retained even under the influence of 100% offset of the synaptic programming value.
High Miscibility‐Induced Reduction of Trap Density in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Using Hybrid Cyclohexyl‐Hexyl Side Chains
Authors: Sun Fengbo , Wang Xunchang , Wan Ming , Liu Zhitian , Luo Yixuan , Ren Jiajia , Zheng Xufan , Rath Thomas , Xiao Cong , Hu Tianyu , Trimmel Gregor , Yang Renqiang
Published: August 2023

Reducing the trap density within organic solar cells is of vital importance to realize high power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, research focusing on this aspect is limited in all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs). In this work, it is found that the trap density can be dramatically reduced by simultaneously obtaining high miscibility of donor and acceptor and ordered packing in blend films through substituting ethylhexyl with hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl side chains in the design of the polymer donor. D18‐ChCl with hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl chains has a slightly lower aggregation behavior relative to the D18‐Cl counterpart, but reveals synchronously higher miscibility and crystallinity in a blend with the acceptor PYF‐T‐o. Such a morphology evolution positively affects the electronic properties of the device—prolongs the carrier lifetime, facilitates exciton dissociation, and lowers the energy disorder. As a result, the All‐PSC devices based on D18‐ChCl exhibited a remarkable PCE of 17.1%, with a low trap density of 2.65 × 1015 cm−3, a low energy disorder of 47 meV as well as outstanding stability and mechanical durability. This result demonstrates that hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl alkyl engineering delicately improves miscibility, drives low trap density, and refines device performance, which brings vibrancy to the All‐PSC research field.
Absorption‐Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding through Electrical Polarization and Triboelectrification in Surface‐Patterned Ferroelectric Poly[(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)‐MXene] Composite
Authors: Lee Sol , Nguyen Nam Khanh , Kim Wonkyo , Kim Minje , Cao Viet Anh , Nah Junghyo
Published: August 2023

Extensive utilization of electronic devices and wireless equipment require human to take affirmative measures to weaken unwanted electromagnetic wave radiations. Herein, a ferroelectric poly[(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene]‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) multilayered film is developed that can increase electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance through electrical polarization. The MXene is encapsulated by a P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix, which inhibits oxidation, and a highly conductive MXene is created conductive network resulting in enhancement EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Furthermore, the surface pattern inducing multiple scattering and PEDOT layer contributes to the increasing absorption due to the electrically conductive PEDOT. Thanks to the electrically polarized and negatively charged P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene, the composite film demonstrates superior EMI SE and absolute EMI SE (SSEt) are exhibited remarkable ≈61 dB and 15230 dB cm2g−1 with high absorptivity (0.87) at thickness of 120 µm in X‐band. Additionally, P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene composite film is applicable to motion and thermo‐resistive sensor due to the negatively charged P(VDF‐TrFE) and thermo‐resistive property of PEDOT, respectively, for multifunctionality. This work provides a feasible avenue for flexible absorption dominant EMI shielding materials via electrical polarization with remarkable EMI shielding performance.
Efficient Optimization of High‐Quality Epitaxial Lithium Niobate Thin Films by Chemical Beam Vapor Deposition: Impact of Cationic Stoichiometry
Authors: Pellegrino Anna L. , Wagner Estelle , Lo Presti Francesca , Maudez William , Kolb Simon , Rani Rashmi , Bernard Antoine , Guy Stephan , Gassenq Alban , Raevskaia Marina , Grillet Christian , Moalla Rahma , Botella Claude , Bachelet Romain , Masenelli Bruno , Bluet Jean‐Marie , Cueff Sebastien , Chapon Patrick , Benvenuti Giacomo , Malandrino Graziella
Published: August 2023

Lithium niobate is a material of special interest for its challenging functional properties, which can suit various applications. However, high quality 200‐mm LixNb1‐xO3thin film grown on sapphire substrate have never been reported so far which limits these potential applications. This paper reports the efficient optimization of high quality LiNbO3thin film deposition on sapphire (001) substrate through chemical beam vapor deposition in a combinatorial configuration. With this technique, flow ratio of Li/Nb can be tuned from ≈0.25 to ≈2.45 on a single wafer. Various complementary characterizations (by means of diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques) have been performed at different areas of the film (different cationic ratios) in order to investigate the impact of the cationic stoichiometry deviation on the film properties. Close to cationic stoichiometry (LiNbO3), the epitaxial films are of high quality (single phase in spite of two in‐plane domains, low mosaicity of 0.04°, low surface roughness, refractive index and band gap close to bulk values). Deviating from the stoichiometry conditions, secondary phases are detected (LiNb3O8for Nb‐rich flow ratios, and Li3NbO4with partial amorphization for Li‐rich flow ratios). LiNbO3films are of high interest for various key applications in data communications among others.
A Highly Sensitive Iontronic Bimodal Sensor with Pressure‐Temperature Discriminability for Robot Skin
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Ye Zhiqiu , Wu Renke , Lv Honghao , Li Chen , Xu Kaichen , Yang Geng
Published: August 2023

Iontronic sensors, with the electrical double layer effect at the iontronic film /electrode interface as well as the temperature‐sensitive characteristic of the iontronic film, demonstrate the potential to be robot skin with pressure‐temperature perception. Herein, a highly sensitive iontronic bimodal sensor (IBS) with pressure‐temperature discriminability for robot skin is reported. With the elaborate design of the structure, especially the reasonable arrangement of electrodes, the resistance‐capacitance dual‐measurement modes on the iontronic film are realized. Based on the temperature‐sensitive resistance of the iontronic film, together with a pressure‐sensitive normalized variable of the capacitance of the IBS, a pressure‐temperature decoupling strategy is proposed, terminating in the maximum temperature error of 1.6% in 20–80 °C and the maximum force error of 5.9% in 3–10 N. Moreover, the hierarchically compressible microstructure of the iontronic film, with slender protrusions and stubby protrusions, is readily prepared, empowering the IBS with a pressure sensitivity of 25.9 kPa−1 and a broad pressure range up to 796 kPa. The IBS and the 5 × 5 IBS array, function as the skin for a robot in the scenarios of temperature sensing, writing calligraphy, and object manipulation, manifesting gigantic potential in human‐robot interaction.
Chiral Helical Polymer‐Induced Efficient Circularly Polarized Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Yang Kai , Wang Xujie , Tan Zhan'ao , Pan Kai , Deng Jianping , Zhao Biao
Published: August 2023

Circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have attracted tremendous attention, but constructing CP‐OLEDs with both high electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) and good device performance remains a big challenge. The present work reports the first CP‐OLEDs by using chiral helical polymers as inducers to trigger efficient CP electroluminescence from achiral conjugated polymers. The successful preparation of CP‐OLEDs based on two chiral helical polymers further demonstrates the universality of the established strategy. Benefiting from the high helical twisting power of the chiral helical polymer, a maximum |gEL| value of 2.0 × 10−2 is obtained in the resulting CP‐OLEDs. Moreover, by adopting an inverted device structure, the device performance of the CP‐OLEDs is significantly improved, with a maximum brightness of 49340/51973 cd m−2, high current efficiency of 5.62/5.44 cd A−1, and low turn‐on voltage of 3.1/3.1 V, respectively. The work offers new insights into fabricating CP‐OLEDs by taking advantage of chiral helical polymers.
The Black Death in Hereford, England: A demographic analysis of the Cathedral 14th‐century plague mass graves and associated parish cemetery
Authors: Franklin Emilia R. , Mitchell Piers D. , Robb John
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study explores the paleoepidemiology of the Black Death (1348–52 AD) mass graves from Hereford, England, via osteological analysis. Hereford plague mortality is evaluated in the local context of the medieval city and examined alongside other Black Death burials.

Methods

The Hereford Cathedral site includes mass graves relating to the Black Death and a 12th‐16th century parish cemetery. In total, 177 adult skeletons were analyzed macroscopically: 73 from the mass graves and 104 from the parish cemetery. Skeletal age‐at‐death was assessed using transition analysis, and sex and stress markers were analyzed.

Results

The age‐at‐death distributions for the mass graves and parish cemetery were significantly different (p = 0.0496). Within the mass graves, young adults (15–24 years) were substantially over‐represented, and mortality peaked at 25–34 years. From 35 years of age onwards, there was little variation in the mortality profiles for the mass graves and parish cemetery. Males and females had similar representation across burial types. Linear enamel hypoplasia was more prevalent within the mass graves (p = 0.0340) whereas cribra orbitalia and tibial periostitis were underrepresented.

Conclusions

Mortality within the Hereford mass graves peaked at a slightly older age than is seen within plague burials from London, but the overall profiles are similar. This demonstrates that young adults were disproportionately at risk of dying from plague compared with other age groups. Our findings regarding stress markers may indicate that enamel hypoplasia is more strongly associated with vulnerability to plague than cribra orbitalia or tibial periostitis.
Polyimide Compounds For Post‐Lithium Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Nimkar Amey , Bergman Gil , Ballas Elad , Tubul Nophar , Levi Noam , Malchik Fyodor , Kukurayeve Idan , Chae Munseok S. , Sharon Daniel , Levi Mikhael , Shpigel Netanel , Wang Guoxiu , Aurbach Doron
Published: August 2023

The exploration of cathode and anode materials that enable reversible storage of mono and multivalent cations has driven extensive research on organic compounds. In this regard, polyimide (PI)‐based electrodes have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of post‐lithium energy storage systems. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the syntheses, characterizations, and applications of PI compounds as electrode materials capable of hosting a wide range of cations. Furthermore, the review also delves into the advancements in PI based solid state batteries, PI‐based separators, current collectors, and their effectiveness as polymeric binders. By highlighting the key findings in these areas, this review aims at contributing to the understanding and advancement of PI‐based structures paving the way for the next generation of energy storage systems.