bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor Risiko Kegagalan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis: Systematic Review
Authors: Mahartati Ni Made Nujita , Syahrizal Syarif
Published: April 2024

Latar belakang: Kegagalan pengobatan Tuberkulosis (TB) menjadi salah satu faktor masifnya penyebaran TB serta menimbulkan penambahan pasien TB Resisten Obat (RO). Indonesia belum berhasil mencapai target keberhasilan pengobatan TB pada tahun 2021.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari tinjauan sistematis ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan pengobatan TB di berbagai negara agar nantinya dapat menjadi referensi dalam penanggulangan masalah TB di Indonesia.
Metode: Terdapat empat database (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE dan MEDLINE) yang digunakan untuk menelusuri artikel. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian diantaranya: (tuberculosis) OR (TB) AND (treatment failure) OR (treatment default) OR (treatment flop). Penelusuran artikel pada tinjauan sistematis ini mengacu pada PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis) diagram.
Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada enam artikel yang berasal dari negara yang berbeda-beda, yaitu Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Etiopia, China, Kolombia, dan Malaysia. Hanya satu artikel yang menggunakan desain case-control sementara sisanya merupakan studi kohort retrospektif. Karakteristik sampel mayoritas laki-laki dan berada pada rentang usia produktif. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan pengobatan TB, antara lain adalah usia, jenis kelamin laki-laki, pendidikan, kasus TB berulang, TB-HIV, diabetes mellitus, perokok, serta faktor lainnya, seperti tinggal di perkotaan, penurunan berat badan, waktu mulai pengobatan, beban basil, tingkat keparahan penyakit, tatalaksana pengobatan, pengawasan minum obat, penggunaan obat-obatan (narkoba), dan lokasi TB esktra paru juga termasuk dalam faktor risiko kegagalan pengobatan TB.
Kesimpulan: Diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk mengatasi faktor risiko untuk mengurangi kegagalan pengobatan TB, seperti pendampingan pengobatan khususnya bagi pasien lansia, kolaborasi layanan berhenti merokok dalam praktik standar manajemen kasus TB, serta mencegah adanya koinfeksi TB-HIV dengan melakukan skrining pada kelompok rentan.
ASOCIACIÓN DE LA ABUNDANCIA DE HUEVOS Y NINFAS DE PRIMER INSTAR DE Diaphorina citri CON EL TAMAÑO DE BROTE VEGETATIVO DEL CULTIVO DE NARANJA VALENCIA (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck).
Authors: Zavala Zapata Vidal , Rangel Lucio José Antonio , Vargas Tovar Jesús Armando , Álvarez Ramos Ricardo , Azuara Dominguez Ausencio
Published: April 2024

Background: Currently, there is little information on the abundance of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) eggs and nymphs in the size of vegetative shoots. Such information is relevant for the control of D. citri in early stages of development. Objective: To associate the abundance of eggs and N1 nymphs of D. citri with the size of the vegetative shoots of the Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) crop. Methodology: The study was carried out in the Valencia orange crop in the municipality of Güémez, Tamaulipas. In the field, five categories of shoots were selected under a randomized experimental design. Thirty shoots of each size were confined in a teal tulle bag and 30 shoots of each size were cut to one side of the confined shoot. The number of eggs and N1 nymphs was recorded at 3, 5 and 7 days in each shoot size. The result obtained was subjected to a multivariate analysis of multiple correspondence. Results: In the confined outbreaks, 9 to 27 eggs were recorded in the V2 and V3 outbreaks at three days, and from 71 to 213 eggs in the V4 outbreak at five days. At seven days the number of eggs was like that recorded on day five. In the control shoots, at three and five days, 1 to 3 eggs were recorded in the V5 shoot. At seven days, the number of eggs recorded in shoots V2, V3, V4 and V5 was like that recorded at three and five days. In the confined shoots, at three days no N1 nymphs were recorded in the V5 and V1 shoots. On day five, nine N1 nymphs were recorded in the V2 shoot. While, on day seven the number of N1 nymphs was like that recorded on days three and five. In the control shoots, at three, five and seven days, 1 to 71 N1 nymphs were recorded in the V3 shoot. Implications: The results of this study are useful input for the development of management strategies targeting D. citri eggs and nymphs to suppress the presence of adults. Conclusion: According to the results, the trials allowed the identification of those categories of vegetative shoots preferential for N1 nymphs and oviposition of adults. This preference may be related to the quality and quantity of photo assimilates present in the different developmental stages of vegetative shoots, which are essential for insect development. 
ESTIMATION OF METABOLIZABLE AND DIGESTIBLE ENERGY OF RAMON (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) SEED IN BROILERS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Montfort-Grajales Sofia , Sarmiento-Franco Luis Armando , Urtecho-Novelo Rosalinda , Sandoval-Castro Carlos Alfredo
Published: April 2024

Background. The current maize production in México is insufficient to supply both human and animal consumption. As maize is the main ingredient used in the formulation of poultry diets, each year, the importation of this cereal rises, thereby, the replacement of this conventional input can be made with alternative resources, such as the Ramón (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) seed. Objective. To determine the chemical composition of Ramon seed meal (RSM), together with the estimation of the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), true metabolizable energy (TME), their digestible coefficients, as well as the apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AIDC) of gross energy (GE). Methodology. Two experiments were performed using Cobb broilers; in the first experiment AME, TME and the digestible coefficients were calculated using 24 broilers (twelve 3-week-old and twelve 6-week-old) eight of them were randomly selected for determination of endogenous losses (EL). The sixteen remaining were precision-fed a single dose of RSM and total excreta collection was used. In the second experiment, three diets: 1) 100% maize; 2) 40% RSM-60% maize and; 3) 60% RSM-40% maize) were made to determine the AIDE and AIDC of each ingredient using the difference method. Diets were randomly assigned to a total of 51 7-week-old broilers, distributed in six, six and five replicates respectively (three broilers per replicate). Results. No differences were found for the AME (1863 and 1909 kcal/kg for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively) and TME (2234 and 2271 kcal/kg, for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively) values of the RSM. The AIDE and AIDC of RSM at 40 and 60% inclusion (2408 and 2538 kcal/kg, and 0.64 and 0.67, respectively) were found to be lower than that of maize (3179 kcal/kg and 0.81). Implications. These results provide information regarding the incorporation of ramon as an energy resource in tropical poultry diets. Conclusion. The estimated value of RSM in broilers was 1886 Kcal/kg for AME, 2252.5 Kcal/kg for TME and 0.476 and 0.569 for their digestibility coefficients of GE, respectively. For the AIDE, the estimated value was 2408.8 and 2538.7 Kcal/kg at 40 and 60% inclusion of RSM, with 0.640 and 0.674 AIDC, respectively.
INDIGENOUS FODDER TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOMASS YIELD AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN SIDAMA RIGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Gebregiorgis Adugna , Nurfeta Ajebu , Negash Mesele , Bayssa Merga
Published: April 2024

Background. Fodder trees are integral components of agroforestry system in the tropics. Indigenous fodder trees (IFT) are grown in Sidama, Ethiopia, for different purposes. However, their composition, biomass yield and socioeconomic importance are inadequately studied. Objective.  To assess species composition, biomass yield and socioeconomic contribution of IFT. Methodology. Three districts and 9 kebeles were purposively selected, from which 273 households were randomly selected for household survey. Sixty households were randomly selected for inventory within nested quadrats of 20 x 20 m. Semi-structured questionnaires and 36 key informants were used to collect primary data. Results. Twenty-eight IFT species belonging to 26 genera and 24 families were identified in three agroecologies. Species richness in lowland (11.08) was higher than in highland (9.6) and midland (7.7) (p < 0.001). Similarly, lowland (1.5) was more diverse than midland (1.2) and highland (0.8) (p < 0.001). Arundinaria alpine, Hygenia abyssinica and Erythrina brucei were dominant IFT, altogether accounted for 72.35% of the total basal area. In midland, Cordia africana, Ficus sur, Dracaena steudneri and Melleitia ferruginea were dominant species, and Acacia albida, A. tortolis, Balanites aegyptiaca and C. africana were dominant in lowland, altogether accounting for 56.1 and 76.72% of the total basal area, respectively. E. brucei, Dracaena steudneri and C. africana had the highest biomass yield in highland, midland and lowland, respectively (p < 0.05). Farmers with large land sizes, small family sizes, practicing agroforestry, and having awareness and interest in fodder trees had significantly affected the decision to have IFT. In addition to fodder supply, IFT contributes to soil fertility improvement, income sources, and timber production. Implication. The current findings indicated that the dominant fodder tree species with the highest biomass yield can be an alternative source of fodder and used for enhancing the livelihood of farmers in the study area. Conclusion. The most abundant and highly dominant species in the three agroecologies contributed to higher biomass yield and can be a potential feed source. 
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND MINERAL PROFILE OF TARO (Colocasia esculenta) IN EMBU, KENYA
Authors: Karuma Anne N , Njuguna Joyce Wambui , Gicheru Patrick , Kaburu Fabian
Published: April 2024

Background. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is one of the underutilized crops in Kenya, grown under a wide range of environmental and edaphic conditions. This crop has exceptional dietary value and numerous culinary applications due to its edible leaves and corms. However, the mineral nutrient composition of taro in Kenya is still not well known due to a lack of scientific information concerning production. Objective. To determine the proximate composition and mineral profile of taro under different watering regimes and planting densities in Embu, Kenya. Methodology. A study was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) – Embu Research Centre, during the long rains (LR) 2021, and short rains (SR) 2021/2022. A factorial experiment with a split-plot layout arranged in a completely randomized block design was adopted. The watering regimes (100 %, 60 %, and 30 % based on the field capacity (FC)) were the main factor while the sub-factor was the planting density, with three replications. The planting densities used were 0.5 m × 0.5 m (40,000 plants ha-1), 1 m × 0.5 m (20,000 plants ha-1), and 1 m × 1 m (10,000 plants ha-1), representative of high, medium, and low planting densities respectively. Proximate analysis and mineral content were determined. Results. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in seasons were noted for protein, fibre, potassium, calcium, sodium, and zinc in the taro corms. The high carbohydrate content observed in this study (35 – 39 %) indicates that taro tubers are a good source of nutritional energy. Potassium (> 5000 mg kg -1) and magnesium (> 1000 mg kg -1) were the most prevalent mineral elements in taro corms and leaves, with copper (< 25 mg kg -1) being the least prevalent. Implications. Consumption of nutrient-rich foods such as taro helps the body to utilize the necessary nutrients to combat malnutrition and promote food security in rural communities. Conclusion. Taro leaves can be recommended as leafy vegetables as they are good sources of potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc; and the corms have low fat and protein content, high calorific energy, and high carbohydrate content. Taro represents one of the main sources of energy in many parts of the tropics and its production can be recommended in sub-humid areas in Kenya.
Estudio desde la expresión cinematográfica del personaje El Profesor como rol desde el enfoque formal en la serie “La Casa de Papel”
Authors: Flores Pintado Arelis , Boada Hurtado Fausto Alexander , Soto Reinaldo Efraín , Poma Guarnizo Viviana Salome
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el personaje como rol desde el enfoque formal del Profesor de la serie La Casa de Papel desde la narrativa fílmica. Para ello se empleó una metodología cualitativa que Pérez (2016) aplicó en una investigación sobre el modelo de análisis del personaje cinematográfico, basado en los autores Casseti, Di Chio y Bremond. Así mismo se empleó la técnica y ficha de observación para una correcta recolección de información y análisis de aspectos como su desarrollo en la trama, interacción con otros personajes y posición moral del mismo. Los principales hallazgos han revelado que el personaje de estudio no solo cumple con el papel principal de la serie, sino que su representación formal contribuye de manera significativa a la construcción del suspenso y tensión dentro de la narrativa, con la ayuda de los recursos visuales respectivos para su desenvolvimiento dentro de la escena. De igual manera, se pudo identificar algunos elementos que caracterizan a su representación visual y refuerzan su rol como líder estratégico, de un personaje con una posición moral discutible y de un maestro del engaño, reafirmando su importancia en la estructura fílmica de la serie.
Campo científico de los estudios sociales sobre gerencia en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto , Hernández Alfonso Eduardo Alejandro , Llupart Díaz Lumey
Published: April 2024

El análisis bibliométrico en Scopus sobre la producción científica en gerencia en América Latina y el Caribe busca identificar tendencias y relaciones objetivas para informar políticas/prácticas y contribuir al desarrollo sostenible regional. Se planteó como objetivo de la investigación: identificar las relaciones objetivas presentes en el campo científico de los estudios sociales sobre gerencia en América Latina y el Caribe a partir de un análisis bibliométrico en Scopus. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de tipo bibliométrico como método especializado para el análisis de la producción científica. El estudio clasificó además como longitudinal retrospectivo al analizar eventos ocurridos en un período de tiempo pasado, pero con enfoque prospectivo para poder visualizar los temas tendencia dentro de la ciencia abierta. La producción científica en estudios de gerencia en América Latina y el Caribe entre 2018 y 2023 incluyó 16,502 documentos en 2,629 fuentes, con una tasa de crecimiento anual negativa del -71.67%. La colaboración internacional fue significativa, con el 33.81% de los documentos, ello refleja un campo activo con alta citación. Las formas predominantes de documentos son los artículos (con un total de 12,980), seguidos por los capítulos de libros (795) y las conferencias (1,550). A pesar del crecimiento, se necesita más impulso para fortalecer la investigación en gerencia y promover políticas científicas colaborativas a nivel regional. Los estudios sociales sobre gerencia en la región necesitan de políticas científicas que favorezcan la colaboración regional y la formulación de proyectos.
Association Between Sarcopenia and Functional Independence After Acute Fragility Hip Fracture at 6 Months
Authors: Metadilogkul Science , Virasathienpornkul Naputt , Chiarapattanakom Pariyut , Chavalparit Nuttavut , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth , Yousuk Piyatida
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The primary goal of hip fracture treatment is to allow ambulatory life as early as possible to avoid any subsequent complication after fracture. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined sarcopenia as the presence of both low muscle strength and low muscle quantity. Our purpose in this study was to identify the association between sarcopenia and functional independence after acute fragility hip fracture.
Methods: Patients 50 years old or more without neurologic diseases who encountered fragility hip fracture for the first time were included. Sarcopenia was assessed using EWGSOP revised 2018 criteria. Functional independence was assessed using the Barthel Index (BI) at 6 months after injury. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Results: A total of 240 patients were included; overall, 84 patients with and 156 without sarcopenia. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant difference in BI at 6 months among those with and without sarcopenia (p<0.001). Specifically, the lower limb related components of BI were decreased four points in patients with sarcopenia, which is a more statistically significant result when compared to the overall BI score.
Conclusions: In this study, patients with sarcopenia were associated with functional independence impairment. Lower limb-related components of the BI must be specifically assessed in patients with hip fracture. Moreover, rehabilitation programs should be tailored to the specific needs of the patient.
DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase is critical for adult vessel maintenance and functions
Authors: Lee HeeJi , Han Dong Wook , La Hyeonwoo , Park Chanhyeok , Kang Kiye , Kwon Ohbeom , Uhm Sang Jun , Song Hyuk , Do Jeong Tae , Choi Youngsok , Hong Kwonho
Published: April 2024

Objective: Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is the only known histone H3K79 methyltransferase essential for the development of the embryonic cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, through transcriptional regulation. Our previous study demonstrated that Dot1l deletion results in aberrant lymphatic development and function. However, its precise function in the postnatal cardiovascular system remains unknown.Methods: Using conditional and inducible Dot1l knockout (KO) mice, along with a reporter strain carrying the Geo gene at the Dot1l locus, DOT1L expression and its function in the vascular system during postnatal life were investigated. To assess vessel morphology and vascular permeability, we administered Latex or Evans blue dye to KO mice. In addition, in vitro tube formation and cell migration assays were performed using DOT1L-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Changes in the expression of vascular genes in HUVECs were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: Our findings demonstrate that conditional Dot1l knockout in the Tg (Tie2-cre) strain results in abnormal blood vessel formation and lymphatic anomalies in the intestine. In a mouse model of Rosa26-creER-mediated inducible Dot1l knockout, we observed vascular phenotypes, including increased vascular permeability and brain hemorrhage, when DOT1L was deleted in adulthood. Additionally, DOT1L depletion in cultured HUVECs led to impaired cell migration and tube formation, likely due to altered gene transcription. These findings highlight the essential role of DOT1L in maintaining vascular integrity and function during embryonic development and postnatal life.Conclusion: Our study revealed that DOT1L is required for the maintenance of adult vascular function through the regulation of gene expression.
Shape Effect of Rockfall Impacting Sandy Soil Cushion Layer–Reinforced Concrete Slab Composite Structure
Authors: MEI Xuefeng , WANG Teng , SU Tian , WU Jianli , ZHU Dong , LI Bangxiang
Published: April 2024

The impact effects of falling rocks on sand–reinforced concrete slab composite protective structures involve several factors. Among them, the existing codes are unable to consider the effect of rockfall shape and the angle of contact between the rockfall and the object on the impact force as well as the depth of penetration. Based on extensive field investigation, this paper proposes a shape factor to simplify the rockfall into an ellipsoid and determines the shape and dimensions of the rockfall by three-dimensional axis length. Besides, a coupled SPH-FEM numerical calculation model is established and validated through comparison with a large-scale outdoor test of a rockfall impact protection structure. Finally, the effects of rockfall shape and impact angle on the symbolic parameters including impact force, impulse and energy in the impact process are revealed. The findings indicate that the maximum force and displacement of the midpoint of the bottom of the reinforced concrete slab have relative errors within 5.0 % when compared to the model test, confirming the precision of the models discussed in this paper. For the same rockfall, the peak force decreases with the impact angle increasing; taking the same volume of spherical rockfall as the reference, under the same rockfall pattern, the peak impact force and impulse amplification factor decreases with the increase in contact attitude angle. Additionally, the scaling effect becomes more pronounced when the shape factor of the rockfall is smaller; under the same shape factor, the impact depth of the cushion layer is the smallest when the attitude angle is 45°, and the maximum when the impact angle is 90°; the SPH-FEM coupling algorithm could reasonably reproduce the pit-forming process of sand and soil, and it is very effective in simulating the flow effect of soil particles under impact.
Klimakrise
Authors: Diekmann Andreas
Published: April 2024

How can the transformation to a CO2-neutral economy and society still succeed? Based on facts and the state of scientific research, this study analyses the basics of climate policy, climate policy measures and the problems of acceptance of climate policies among the population. These are aimed less at changing individual behaviour and more at creating social structures and institutions that enable environmentally friendly action. The price of CO2, infrastructure, technological innovations and international climate agreements play a key role in this regard. However, it should not be forgotten that climate policy only has a chance if it is supported by the population.
A Review on Corrosion of All Aluminum Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Ahmed Hossain
Published: April 2024

All aluminum micro-channel heat exchanger (MCHE) is used in automobiles and HVAC because of their low density and relatively high strength. While exhibiting significant general corrosion resistance, the MCHE or aluminum alloy is susceptible to various forms of localized corrosion, such as crevice and pitting corrosion. Crevice corrosion also occurs on the contact surface of the fin and tube for an all-aluminum microchannel heat exchanger. An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) examination was performed on aluminum MCHE in corrosive conditions with varying sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate concentrations. The electrolytes discussed in this book chapter have pH values between 4.0 and 5.8, closer to neutral conditions commonly seen in various atmospheres. This work employs high-fidelity conjugate heat transfer simulations to analyze a microchannel heat exchanger system with fins and tubes in crossflow to investigate the possibility of crevice corrosion in the MCHE alloy. A predicted flow field can identify crevices between fins and tube surfaces. These crevices are typically linked with regions of low velocity.
Anaysis of Arabic Textbooks in Character Education Curriculum Framework K13
Authors: Munasib Munasib
Published: April 2024

Background: Textbooks are books that contain knowledge that is the result of an analysis of the curriculum in written form to achieve the desired learning objectives. However, in several textbooks, problems were found that the contents of the books were not following the curriculum content standards and textbook standards. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contents of Arabic textbooks.
Purpose: This research is to analyze the Arabic language textbooks of Madrasah Aliyah based on the K13 character education framework.
Method: The method used in this study is a literature study. As for data analysis, the authors used content analysis techniques based on the realm of spiritual attitudes, the realm of social attitudes, the realm of knowledge, and the realm of skills as stated in the 2013 curriculum.
Results and Discussion: The results of the analysis of the qira'ah material Chapter II Arabic language textbooks for class XI Madrasah Aliyah in odd semesters show that in the material entitled al hayah as shihiyyah there is knowledge value in the form of scientific integration. Skill value, students have skills in combining knowledge between health sciences and Islamic religious knowledge. The value of a spiritual attitude, namely being good at being grateful, and a social attitude, namely by maintaining, setting an example, and inviting others to always apply a healthy lifestyle in life.
Conclusions and Implications: Arabic textbook by H.D. Hidayat class XI is following the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies formulated in the 2013 General Curriculum. The implications of the results of this analysis are in the form of interpretations that can be used as additional explanations in learning Arabic.
Development of Local Instructional Theory on Parallelogram Topics Based on RME to Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Zulfah Endah , Fauzan Ahmad , Made Arnawa I
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop a local instructional theory on parallelogram material and examine the improvement of students' mathematical problem-solving skills by using local instructional theory. This research uses the Design Research method, which uses the Gravemeijer and Cobb development model and the Plomp model. The Plomp development model has three stages, namely, preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The research subjects were seventh-grade students of MTs N 5 Jambi City. Data analysis techniques in this study used Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through observations, interviews, field notes, and final test questions. The results of this study indicate that the local instructional theory on the topic of RME-based parallelogram in class VII is valid. The learning design met the practical criteria based on the results of the questionnaires and interviews. Based on the final test conducted shows that the local instructional theory is already in the effective category. So, the learning flow produced is valid, practical and effective. The implication of this research is that the development of local instructional theory on RME-based quadrilateral material can significantly improve students' mathematical problem solving ability. This shows that through the right approach in learning design, as implemented in this study, the problem solving ability problems that students often experience can be overcome. Thus, this approach has the potential to be widely applied in improving the effectiveness of mathematics learning in schools.
Trichoderma atrobrunneum: In vitro analysis of exoenzyme activity and antagonistic potential against plant pathogen from agricultural fields in the Patna region, India
Authors: Benazir Firdaus , Mohanka Reena , Ahmad S Rehan
Published: April 2024

Background: Fungi and oomycetes continue to be the primary source of plant diseases, which cause major crop loss factors in agriculture. Trichoderma is a genus of ascomycete fungus that lives in soil and is known for its ecological significance as a bio-fungicide.
Aim: The current study aimed to assess and contrast the antagonism and exoenzyme activity of Trichoderma isolates against Pythium sp., which causes damping-off and root rot diseases on tomato plants. Trichoderma spp. was isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy plants in the agricultural fields of Patna, Bihar district, India.
Methodology: The Trichoderma isolates were evaluated for their suitability as antagonists by in vitro dual culture and non-volatile assay.
Results: The results showed that the isolated Trichoderma species were effectively reduced the growth of Pythium sp. in the dual culture assay and non-volatile metabolites (12.5%, 25% and 50% v/v concentration) assay. Trichoderma atrobrunneum effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium sp. both in the dual culture (81.48%) and non-volatile metabolite assay (71.37%). Followed by Trichoderma harzianum (79.01% and 58.82%), and Trichoderma asperellum (65.43% and 50.58%) respectively. Exoenzyme activities of the Trichoderma isolates were also investigated. The antagonistic Trichoderma atrobrunneum exhibited maximum activities of β-1,3-glucanase (41.39 U/ml) and chitinase (33.06 U/ml) in comparison to T. harzianum and T. asperellum. The capacity of antagonism is enhanced by the production of the enzyme. Based on the above results, it can be said that the non-volatile metabolites and the exoenzyme of the antagonist T. species act synergistically in inhibiting Pythium growth.
Conclusion: The secretion of enzymes by Trichoderma species shows that they can be used in plant disease control as novel biocontrol agents as well as to produce enzymes in biotechnological processes.
AI-driven material design for tissue engineering a comprehensive approach integrating generative adversarial networks and high-throughput experimentation
Authors: Somasundaram Naveena , M Vigneshkumar , Pawar Sanjay R. , Amutha M. , S Balu , V Priya
Published: April 2024

This study presents an innovative AI-driven material design approach for tissue engineering, integrating generative adversarial networks (GANs) and high-throughput experimentation (HTE). The research methodology combines synthetic data generation, dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis (PCA), and model evaluation using a random forest classifier. The synthetic data, representative of diverse biomaterial structures, is generated with a three-class classification task. The model undergoes training on PCAtransformed and standardized synthetic data, with evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Visualization through scatter plots, confusion matrices, and bar charts provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed approach’s efficacy. Results demonstrate the GAN’s capability to generate diverse synthetic data, the model’s focused learning during training, and its subsequent generalization in the testing phase. Mathematical functions, including sine and cosine, further illustrate fundamental principles, while performance metrics confirm the model’s proficiency in biomaterial classification. This research contributes to the evolving field of AI-driven material design, offering a systematic methodology and visual insights for accelerated and validated biomaterial discovery in tissue engineering applications.
Deep learning enhanced drug discovery for novel biomaterials in regenerative medicine utilizing graph neural network approach for predicting cellular responses
Authors: Dandale Milindkumar N. , Yadav Amar P. , Reddy P. S. K. , Kadu Seema G. , T Madhusudana , Manavadaria Manthan S.
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a novel approach to drug discovery in regenerative medicine through the utilization of a graph neural network (GNN). The research methodology integrates the development and training of the GNN with a subsequent evaluation of its performance metrics. The first phase involves the generation of synthetic data simulating a biological network, employing networkX and NumPy libraries to construct a random graph with Erdos-Renyi topology. The data, representing cellular responses to biomaterials, is then converted into PyTorch tensors for compatibility with the GNN architecture. The GNN model, characterized by two fully connected layers with ReLU and log-softmax activations, captures intricate relationships within the graph-structured data. The second phase employs a stochastic gradient descent algorithm, specifically the Adam optimizer, to train the GNN over 100 epochs using the cross-entropy loss for multi-class classification. The research methodology extends to the evaluation phase, producing three distinct output graphs for analysis: Visualization of the graph structure, a comparison between predicted and true labels, and a plot illustrating training loss over epochs. Performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, are computed to assess the model’s predictive capabilities quantitatively. The study concludes with a discussion on the nuances revealed by each graph and their implications for refining GNN models in the context of drug discovery for regenerative medicine.
Socio-demographic and reproductive determinants of spontaneous abortion- A cross-sectional comparative research at a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka, India
Authors: Babita Belgundkar , Sangeeta Kharde , Suneel Dodamani
Published: April 2024

The current study aims to explore the relationship between Spontaneous Abortion and socioeconomic and reproductive factors. Cross-sectional comparative research was conducted. The study collected data from 200 women aged 19 to 35, consisting of 2 groups. Group 1mothers who had undergone spontaneous and group 2 mothers who continued pregnancy with the same gestational week and the socio-demographic and reproductive factors were compared. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on socio-demographics, and reproductive factors were collected. Risk of abortion with an unadjusted odds ratio 1.87 times more in the age group of 19 to 20 years, parity primi mother with an unadjusted odds ratio 1.16 times had more risk of abortion, Area of residence the mother who stayed in a rural area with unadjusted ratio 1.47 times more risk of abortion, occupation the mothers who were self-workers with unadjusted odds ratio 1.50 times more risk of abortion, when looking into the education of mother illiterate mother with unadjusted odds ratio 0.50 times had a risk of abortion, in view with Religion muslins with unadjusted odds ratio 0.38 times more risk of abortion considering the type of family the mother who belong to a nuclear family with unadjusted odds ratio 1.04 times had more risk of abortion, consanguineous marriage with unadjusted odds ratio 3.95 had times more risk of abortionConclusion: Our study shed light on clarifying whether certain socio-demographic and reproductive determinants do increase miscarriage risk or whether screening of pregnant women for treatable determinants would improve the rate of pregnancy loss
Environmentally relevant concentration of copper elated hematological impairment, branchiotoxicity, myotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and antioxidants imbalance in fish Channa punctatus
Authors: Bakhasha Jumman , Yadav Kamlesh K. , Saxena Vaishnavi , Arya Neeti , Trivedi Abha
Published: April 2024

Copper is a mineral that organisms need to stay healthy on one hand and on the other hand prolonged overexposure may result into various dangerous implications. The present study was outlined to assess various deleterious effects being caused to the edible fish C. punctatus exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of copper (ERCC). For this purpose, well-acclimatized fish were classified into four groups. Group I was maintained as control while groups II, III, and IV were exposed to the ERCC (0.85 mg/L), 10% increase in ERCC (0.935 mg/L) and 20% increase in ERCC (1.02 mg/L), respectively, for 15, 30, 45 and 60d. A significant (p <0.05) reduction in Hb% and RBC count while escalation in WBC counts was documented after all exposure periods and the maximum change was recorded after the longest exposure period of 60 days, respectively. Enzymatic antioxidants viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were significantly (p <0.05) raised and non-enzymatic antioxidant, i.e., glutathione (GSH) activity was reduced in all exposed groups in a dose-dependent manner. Severe histopathological modifications were observed in the treated fish’s gills, muscles, and kidneys. The outcomes of the present investigation substantiate that ERCC induces toxicity in fish at various levels and warn about the possible repercussions of increased ERCC in the near future as the concentration of copper continuously rises with the ever-increasing pollution.
Exploring the influence of work-life balance on employee engagement in Mumbai’s real estate industry
Authors: Lakhani Prakash , Roy Premasish , Koner Souren , Nair Deepa , Patil D. , Sinha Mona
Published: April 2024

The real estate industry, particularly in Mumbai, is a thriving domain in India and globally. The success of this industry heavily relies on the dedication and enthusiasm of its front-line sales team. This study investigates the interconnection between work-life balance and employee engagement, seeking to identify aspects of work-life equilibrium that significantly impact employee engagement. The real estate sector’s sustained prosperity hinges upon the engaged and motivated sales teams responsible for revenue generation. Amidst the evolution of technology and organizational dynamics, individuals grappling with personal-professional equilibrium face amplified challenges. These challenges, propelled by peer pressure, organizational culture, and technological advancements like artificial intelligence and machine learning, have cast shadows on employee contentment and capabilities at work. The primary objective is to discern the potential correlation between work-life balance and employee engagement within the real estate sector, outlining how specific facets of balancing professional commitments with personal life significantly influence engagement levels. The findings indicated a compelling relationship between work-life equilibrium and employee engagement. Maintaining a balanced approach positively impacts employee dedication, motivation, work efficiency, and overall productivity. Striking this equilibrium bears a direct correlation with enhanced organizational output and performance. Fostering a conducive work-life balance retains a motivated workforce and elevates organizational effectiveness. Recognizing and addressing the nuanced aspects of balancing professional and personal spheres are pivotal in optimizing employee engagement, thereby contributing significantly to the real estate sector’s sustained success
Factors motivating the adoption of virtual learning environments in higher education. Is gender relevant?
Authors: Asampana Isaac , Akwetey Henry M. , Ocra Ben , Nyame Jones Y. , Akanferi Albert A. , Tanye Hannah A.
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of gender on the adoption of a virtual learning environment (VLE) in higher education in Ghana during COVID-19 restrictions. A survey approach was used, with a total sample of 488 responses from the University of Professional Studies, Accra. To reveal gender differences, both male and female respondents were subjected to a multi-group analysis. The factors impacting students’ intention to use VLE were determined using the structural equation modeling approach employing SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. Accordingly, both gender groups show that subjective norm elements significantly influence intention to adopt VLE; however, the male group (β = 0.873, p = 0.000) reports more significant influences than the female group (β = 0.571, p = 0.000). The study establishes that the newly incorporated construct in the theory of planned behavior, attitudes towards social distancing, significantly affects males’ behavioral intention to use VLE more than their female peers. This result demonstrates the robustness of the theory of planned behavior for evaluating technology acceptance research.
Ensuring ethical integrity and bias reduction in machine learning models
Authors: Gomathi R. , V Balaji , Pawar Sanjay R. , Siddiqua Ayesha , Dhanalakshmi M. , Rastogi Ravi
Published: April 2024

This research focused on the multifaceted realm of machine learning algorithms, focusing on the pivotal themes of ethical concerns and bias mitigation (Zeba G. et al., 2021). Employing a dual-pronged research methodology, the study first evaluates algorithmic performance across diverse tasks, such as audio transcription, content moderation, and system implementation. The research uses quantitative assessments and visual comparisons to highlight nuanced improvements in algorithmic efficiency and accuracy. The second dimension involves an in-depth analysis of demographic contributions in tasks like image categorization and content moderation. By scrutinizing the geographical distribution of contributors and demographics like age and gender, the study aims to unravel potential correlations between algorithmic effectiveness and contributor demographics. The graphical representations provide valuable visual insights, including bias distribution across categories, evolution over time, and baseline and improved performance comparisons. The findings contribute to the discourse on responsible AI development, emphasizing the need for tailored enhancements and inclusive participant recruitment strategies. Complemented by comprehensive results and discussions, this research methodology lays a robust foundation for addressing ethical concerns and advancing bias mitigation strategies in machine learning algorithms.
Mediation of competitive advantage between strategy management practices and organizational performance
Authors: Chaudhary Vikas , Jhajharia Parul
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of competitive advantage as a mediator between organizational performance and strategy management in enterprises located in Faridabad. Using a well-designed questionnaire and convenient sampling, data is gathered from 200 Faridabad-based businesses. Amos 21 and SPSS 21 are used for data analysis. Strategy management practices significantly impact organizational performance in direct analysis. Competitive advantages have a significant impact on organizational performance, and strategy management practices have a significant impact on competitive advantages in the indirect effect. However, there is no significant relationship between strategy management practices and organizational performance. It is revealed that completive advantages fully mediate between strategy management practices and organizational performance. Subsequent studies may employ qualitative research methods to investigate additional pertinent variables. It is implied that strategy implementation and assessment are critical to improving performance and giving Faridabad-based businesses a competitive edge.
Work-related stress among bank employees: A bibliometric analysis of research trends and patterns
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Singh Sultan , Madaan Vandana
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify significant sources, uncover thematic trends, and explore emerging research fields by comprehensively examining work-related stress in the banking sector.Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliometric analysis was done on a portfolio consisting of 175 articles obtained from the Scopus database. The methodology used in this study involves a chronological examination of the historical development of research, identification of significant sources and documents using citation analysis and emerging trends and themes within the field using bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analysis.Findings: The study reveals extensive research on work-related stress in the banking sector, indicating its enduring relevance. The recent years, i.e., 2020, 2023 and 2022 observed a surge in research output due to a better understanding of employee well-being and industry dynamics. Authors from Asian countries such as China, India and Pakistan have been found productive in publishing research in this field. Emerging areas in this direction include job stress and turnover intention of employees, employee mental health and workplace effects.Practical Implications: The findings can be applied by regulators, policymakers and human resource managers to develop and implement interventions to alleviate stress among employees. Interdisciplinary collaborations among psychologists, economists, organizational behavior specialists, and healthcare professionals can result in holistic approaches to address psychological and structural stress determinants.Originality/Value: This study enhances the literature on work-related stress by conducting bibliometric analysis and developing a comprehensive understanding of the research area.
Beyond likes & clicks: Empowering role of social media marketing in value creation
Authors: Verma Neha
Published: April 2024

Social media is capturing the market in the modern era, when technology is permeating every aspect of life, to motivate marketers to appeal to diverse consumers. The rapid expansion of social media has brought about a substantial transformation in the communication system, giving rise to a distinct virtual realm. An assortment of social networking platforms are utilized for commercial purposes. Possible examples of such platforms are Google+, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and YouTube. This study aimed to ascertain the effect of various social media marketing platforms on post-purchase experience, customer value creation, purchase decision, and purchase perception. Utilizing quantitative methodology, the data collected via a questionnaire were compiled and analyzed. The respondents were sent a total of 183 questionnaires, of which 158 were utilized as the final sample for the study. The survey was constructed using a five-point Likert scale: strongly disagree = 1, neutral = 3, agree = 4, and strongly disagree = 5. The data were analyzed with the assistance of version SPSS 22 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study’s findings indicate that social media marketing and consumer value creation are significantly related. The forthcoming focus is on equipping marketers with knowledge that substantiates the impact of social media marketing strategies on consumer value creation. Nevertheless, the fundamental objective of the research is to advance understanding of diverse facets pertaining to marketing via social media and its capacity to captivate and provide value to the customer base.
Strategic alignment in multispecialty hospitals: Implementing a balanced scorecard approach for optimal performance
Authors: Bahadur Shefali , Kushwaha Rohit , Venkatesan M. , Singh Ramya , Mishra Manish
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the relationship between strategic alignment, balanced scorecard (BSC) implementation, and optimal performance (OP) in multispecialty hospitals. Data from 530 healthcare professionals in Lucknow, Varanasi, Kanpur, and Prayagraj were collected using a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The results demonstrate significant positive relationships between strategic alignment, balanced scorecard, and optimal performance. Both strategic alignment and balanced scorecards were identified as significant predictors of optimal performance, indicating that higher scores in these constructs are associated with higher levels of performance. The findings underscore the critical role of strategic alignment and performance measurement frameworks in enhancing organizational performance in healthcare settings. However, the study faces limitations, including reliance on self-reported data and limited generalizability to other healthcare settings and regions. Future research should explore longitudinal or experimental designs and incorporate objective performance measures to enhance the validity and generalizability of the findings. Overall, the study contributes to understanding strategic management practices in healthcare organizations and highlights avenues for further research in this area.