bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening global health preparedness amid Mpox spread in Africa
Authors: Abdulrahim Abdulrakib , Gulumbe Bashar Haruna , Idris Ibrahim , Abubakar Tirmizhi Munkaila , Sobur Kazi Abdus , Lawal Abdulshakur Isah , Shehu Aminu
Published: January 2025

The resurgence of Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has emerged as a critical public health concern, driven by the more transmissible and virulent clade Ib strain. The outbreak, which has escalated across Central and West Africa, poses significant threats to global health security, primarily due to cross-border transmission and the inadequacies of current public health responses. This commentary examined the epidemiological trends, public health challenges, and gaps in containment efforts, offering insights and recommendations for a more effective global response. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization, this commentary reviews the epidemiological patterns of Mpox cases reported across 19 African nations from January to November 2024. In addition, it evaluates public health responses, including the challenges of vaccine distribution, diagnostic capacity, and healthcare system limitations, and discusses the broader implications for global preparedness. Despite emergency declarations and the mobilization of vaccine resources, efforts remain constrained by logistical barriers, limited vaccine availability, and underdeveloped diagnostic infrastructures. Furthermore, vaccine hesitancy, driven by misinformation and social stigma, continues to undermine containment measures. The current Mpox outbreak highlights substantial gaps in global health preparedness and inequities in access to essential health interventions. This commentary emphasizes the need for globally coordinated and equitable interventions to close these gaps, strengthen surveillance, improve vaccine distribution, and enhance cross-border public health measures. Without urgent action, the risk of further escalation and the global spread of Mpox remains a critical concern.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on arterial stiffness and inflammatory factors in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Yuanqi , Jiao Tiantian , Xu Linghao , Ji Endong , Tapu Sakibur Rahman , Liu Yehong , Li Jiming
Published: January 2025

Background

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment brings more benefits than risks to most coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the pathophysiological mechanism by which CPAP treatment improves the prognosis of patients with CHD and OSA remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether CPAP can improve arterial stiffness and inflammatory factor levels in CHD patients with OSA, and to further improve prognosis.

Method

59 patients with coronary heart disease complicated by moderate to severe sleep apnea were divided into a CPAP treatment group (CPAP + coronary heart disease standard treatment) and a control group (only coronary heart disease standard treatment). Peripheral blood test reports were collected and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements were performed for each patient at the beginning, 3 months, and 6 months of treatment.

Results

After 6 months of treatment, the CPAP group showed more significant improvement in the levels of inflammatory factors such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (N), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), and PWV than the control group.

Conclusion

After active treatment with CPAP, arterial stiffness and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with coronary heart disease and OSA improved. This association should be given more attention in clinical practice, and sleep apnea should be actively treated.
PRMT5 inhibition has a potent anti-tumor activity against adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands
Authors: Mishra Vasudha , Singh Alka , Korzinkin Michael , Cheng Xiangying , Wing Claudia , Sarkisova Viktoria , Koppayi Ashwin L. , Pogorelskaya Alexandra , Glushchenko Oksana , Sundaresan Manu , Thodima Venkat , Carter Jack , Ito Koichi , Scherle Peggy , Trzcinska Anna , Ozerov Ivan , Vokes Everett E. , Cole Grayson , Pun Frank W. , Shen Le , Miao Yuxuan , Pearson Alexander T. , Lingen Mark W. , Ruggeri Bruce , Rosenberg Ari J. , Zhavoronkov Alex , Agrawal Nishant , Izumchenko Evgeny
Published: January 2025

Background

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare glandular malignancy, commonly originating in salivary glands of the head and neck. Given its protracted growth, ACC is usually diagnosed in advanced stage. Treatment of ACC is limited to surgery and/or adjuvant radiotherapy, which often fails to prevent disease recurrence, and no FDA-approved targeted therapies are currently available. As such, identification of new therapeutic targets specific to ACC is crucial for improved patients’ outcomes.

Methods

After thoroughly evaluating the gene expression and signaling patterns characterizing ACC, we applied PandaOmics (an AI-driven software platform for novel therapeutic target discovery) on the unique transcriptomic dataset of 87 primary ACCs. Identifying protein arginine methyl transferase 5 (PRMT5) as a putative candidate with the top-scored druggability, we next determined the applicability of PRMT5 inhibitors (PRT543 and PRT811) using ACC cell lines, organoids, and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. Molecular changes associated with response to PRMT5 inhibition and anti-proliferative effect of the combination therapy with lenvatinib was then analyzed.

Results

Using a comprehensive AI-powered engine for target identification, PRMT5 was predicted among potential therapeutic target candidates for ACC. Here we show that monotherapy with selective PRMT5 inhibitors induced a potent anti-tumor activity across several cellular and animal models of ACC, which was paralleled by downregulation of genes associated with ACC tumorigenesis, including MYB and MYC (the recognized drivers of ACC progression). Furthermore, as a subset of genes targeted by lenvatinib is upregulated in ACC, we demonstrate that addition of lenvatinib enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of PRMT5 blockade in vitro, suggesting a potential clinical benefit for patients expressing lenvatinib favorable molecular profile.

Conclusion

Taken together, our study underscores the role of PRMT5 in ACC oncogenesis and provides a strong rationale for the clinical development of PRMT5 inhibitors as a targeted monotherapy or combination therapy for treatment of patients with this rare disease, based on the analysis of their underlying molecular profile.
Biomechanics in the tumor microenvironment: from biological functions to potential clinical applications
Authors: Peng Hao , Chao Zheng , Wang Zefeng , Hao Xiaodong , Xi Zirui , Ma Sheng , Guo Xiangdong , Zhang Junbiao , Zhou Qiang , Qu Guanyu , Gao Yuan , Luo Jing , Wang Zhihua , Wang Jing , Li Le
Published: January 2025

Immune checkpoint therapies have spearheaded drug innovation over the last decade, propelling cancer treatments toward a new era of precision therapies. Nonetheless, the challenges of low response rates and prevalent drug resistance underscore the imperative for a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the pursuit of novel targets. Recent findings have revealed the profound impacts of biomechanical forces within the tumor microenvironment on immune surveillance and tumor progression in both murine models and clinical settings. Furthermore, the pharmacological or genetic manipulation of mechanical checkpoints, such as PIEZO1, DDR1, YAP/TAZ, and TRPV4, has shown remarkable potential in immune activation and eradication of tumors. In this review, we delved into the underlying biomechanical mechanisms and the resulting intricate biological meaning in the TME, focusing mainly on the extracellular matrix, the stiffness of cancer cells, and immune synapses. We also summarized the methodologies employed for biomechanical research and the potential clinical translation derived from current evidence. This comprehensive review of biomechanics will enhance the understanding of the functional role of biomechanical forces and provide basic knowledge for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Low impact of Zostera marina meadows on sediment and water microbiota under brackish conditions
Authors: Herlemann Daniel P. R. , Delgado Luis F. , Riedinger David J. , Fernández-Juárez Víctor , Andersson Anders F. , Pansch Christian , Riemann Lasse , Bengtsson Mia M. , Gyraitė Greta , Kataržytė Marija , Kisand Veljo , Kube Sandra , Martin Georg , Piwosz Kasia , Rakowski Marcin , Labrenz Matthias
Published: January 2025

Background

Zostera marina is an important ecosystem engineer influencing shallow water environments and possibly shaping the microbiota in surrounding sediments and water. Z. marina is typically found in marine systems, but it can also proliferate under brackish conditions. Changes in salinity generally have a strong impact on the biota, especially at the salty divide between salinity 6 and 9. To better understand the impact of the salty divide on the interaction between Z. marina and the surrounding sediment and water microbiota, we investigated the effects of Z. marina meadows on the surrounding microbiota across a salinity range of 6–15 in the Baltic Sea during the summer using 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results

Salinity was the most important factor for structuring the microbiota within both water and sediment. The presence of Z. marina affected the composition of the bacterial and eukaryotic community and bacterial alpha diversity in the sediment. However, this effect was confined to alpha-mesohaline conditions (salinity 9–15). The impact of Z. marina below salinity 9 on water and sediment microbiota was insignificant.

Conclusions

Increasing salinity was associated with a longer leaf length of Z. marina, causing an increased canopy height, which affects the sediment microbiota through reduced water velocity. Hence, we propose that the canopy effect may be the major predictor explaining Z. marina’s interactions with the surrounding microbiota at salinity 9–15. These findings emphasize the importance of the physical effects of Z. marina meadow ecosystem services and have important implications for Z. marina management under brackish conditions in a changing climate.
Multivariate GARCH models with spherical parameterizations: an oil price application
Authors: Ballestra Luca Vincenzo , De Blasis Riccardo , Pacelli Graziella
Published: January 2025

In popular Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner (BEKK) and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models, the large number of parameters and the requirement of positive definiteness of the covariance and correlation matrices pose some difficulties during the estimation process. To avoid these issues, we propose two modifications to the BEKK and DCC models that employ two spherical parameterizations applied to the Cholesky decompositions of the covariance and correlation matrices. In their full specifications, the introduced Cholesky-BEKK and Cholesky-DCC models allow for a reduction in the number of parameters compared with their traditional counterparts. Moreover, the application of spherical transformation does not require the imposition of inequality constraints on the parameters during the estimation. An application to two crude oils, WTI and Brent, and the main exchange rate prices demonstrates that the Cholesky-BEKK and Cholesky-DCC models can capture the dynamics of covariances and correlations. In addition, the Kupiec test on different portfolio compositions confirms the satisfactory performance of the proposed models.
The Möbius Paradigm: A transformative approach for integrating stakeholder perspectives when navigating dilemmas in complex operating environments
Authors: O’Riordan Linda , Hampden-Turner Charles
Published: January 2025

Amidst the growing complexity and uncertainty of today’s operating environments, traditional binary thinking—reducing choices to limited “either/or” decisions—often falls short. To address these nuanced challenges and the conflicting opportunities and threats shaped by diverse stakeholder perspectives, a radically more sophisticated approach is needed. This paper introduces The Möbius Paradigm, a transformative approach which transcends outdated paradigms through systems thinking. By embracing Möbius infinity loop pathways, leaders inspired by radical empathy can transcend simplistic dichotomies, adopting a more holistic and sustainable framework for resolving complex dilemmas. The study highlights the critical challenges faced by choice-makers navigating diverse perspectives within complicated environments, emphasising dynamic stakeholder relationship management as essential for successful leadership. It offers practical examples of how Möbius Mindsets, Logic, and Thinking can be applied to multifaceted scenarios, fostering inclusive, adaptive, and conscious solutions. By integrating awareness of underlying values in choice-making, the Möbius Paradigm enables profound change, bridging the major divides of our time. This approach promotes the realisation of sustainable outcomes, enhancing well-being in business and beyond.
Comparing the effect of addition of different supplements to sperm preparation media on intracytoplasmic injection outcome
Authors: Adly Mohamed Ashraf , Saad Ahmed Samy , Abou-El-Naga Amoura
Published: January 2025

Background

 To assess the effectiveness of human sperm treated with an egg yolk-enhanced refrigeration group and to determine the protective effect of selenium supplementation in a laboratory setting, samples were prepared using the density gradient method as the standard preparation technique. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate how these treatments affected the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involved 263 couples seeking treatment for male infertility between December 2021 and December 2023. Couples pursuing ICSI for primary or secondary infertility were included in the study. The outcomes of the ICSI procedure were evaluated across the treatment groups.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed between the density gradient group and the refrigeration group in terms of the number of injected oocytes, fertilized oocytes, or fertilization rates. However, the refrigeration group showed a significantly higher number of top-cleaved oocytes and a greater top cleavage rate compared to the density gradient group (p = 0.02). Additionally, the refrigeration group had a significantly higher number of transferred embryos (p < 0.001). Similarly, the selenium group demonstrated a significantly higher number of top-cleaved oocytes and a greater top cleavage rate than the density gradient group (p = 0.04 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of transferred embryos was also significantly higher in the selenium group compared to the density gradient group.

Conclusions

 Both refrigeration with an egg yolk buffer and selenium supplementation had significant positive effects on oocyte maturation and embryo development, resulting in higher top cleavage rates and an increased number of transferred embryos. However, pregnancy rates following each technique individually were comparable to those achieved with the density gradient method.
Antitumor activity of edible fishes (Channa striata and Anabas testudineus) and gastropods (Helix aspersa and Pila virens) rudimentary mucus against HT-29 cell line and its biochemical properties
Authors: Devan Elumalai , Maduraiveeran Hemavathi , Raja Kavitha , Chinnasamy Arulvasu , Sivalingam Govindan , Balaji Sathya , Neelakandan Vinoth , Agnita Sharon , Rajaram Murugan
Published: January 2025

Background

The mucus from fish and gastropods contains a wide range of bioactive molecules with biomedical properties. The fish and gastropods were collected from Oragadam lake, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. In this study, we wanted to examine the anticancer potential of fish and gastropods mucus. The biochemical components of the crude mucus were screened.

Results

The biochemical analysis showed that the mucus of Anabas testudineus and Pila virens contained a high level of carbohydrates (2.8 and 1.5 mg/ml), the mucus of Channa striata contained a high level of lipids (0.9 mg/ml), and the mucus of Helix aspersa contained a high level of protein (1.3 mg/ml). The results showed morphological variations in the HT-29 cells upon treatment with crude mucus. Upon 24 h of gestation, the frozen cells began to shrink and seem round in shape. Using the MTT assay, the mucus crude extract was evaluated for its anticancer properties against the human colon cancer cell line (HT 29). The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 100 µg/ml after 24 h. Using specific staining techniques; fluorescent microscopy was utilized to examine the cell morphology and early and late apoptotic stages. Propidium iodide staining showed nuclear damage followed by DNA damage. This showed that the rudimentary mucus could prompt cell death and increased the number of fragments and mucus concentration, respectively.

Conclusion

This study showed that the edible or commercially important fish and gastropod mucus have potential anticancer activity against HT-29 cancer cells.
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with da Vinci single-port system
Authors: Kurowski Marek , Kuczapska Karolina , Gliwa Anna , Ryglewicz Monika , Fabian Dariusz , Leszczyńska-Knaga Elżbieta , Jakubczyk Natalia , Rutkowska-Kawalec Weronika , Moczydłowski Paweł , Michalczuk Karolina
Published: January 2025

Introduction and purpose
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men in Poland. In 2021, the standardized incidence rate was 48.2 cases per 100,000 people. It is diagnosed mainly in men over 60 years of age. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage of the disease, general condition and age of the patient. Treatment mainly includes surgery, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. In the case of surgical procedures, it is possible to perform prostate cancer surgery using the Da Vinci single-port surgical robot. The aim of this literature review is to describe the procedure of radical prostatectomy using the da Vinci single-port robot and to assess the effectiveness of radical prostatectomy using the da Vinci single-port robot compared to open and laparoscopic prostatectomy.
Material and methods
This review of studies was based on articles obtained from the scientific database PubMed. Key search terms included prostate cancer; robot-assisted radical prostatectomy; robotic surgery; da Vinci Surgical System; da Vinci single-port; laparoscopic prostatectomy; open prostatectomy.
Conclusions
Currently, the da Vinci single-port surgical system is playing an increasingly important role in radical prostatectomy centers. It is increasingly replacing open radical prostatectomies due to its higher treatment efficacy and fewer complications. However, no significant differences have been demonstrated compared to classical laparoscopic surgery. Further studies are also necessary to assess functional and oncological results.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome - Modern Treatment Options
Authors: Sieradzka Aleksandra , Krzysztof Szerej  , Alicja Kot  , Marta Wojtczak  , Natalia Myśliwiec  , Adrian Różycki  , Michał Pniak  , Paweł Miklis  , Maciej Mawlichanów  , Aleksandra Ciesielska
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS) is the second most prevalent compression neuropathy affecting the upper extremity. Patients typically present with symptoms of paresthesia in the fourth and fifth digits, accompanied by hand weakness and pain. Most patients respond well to conservative treatments, but some of them require surgical intervention.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess and compare both surgical and conservative treatment methods. Conservative treatment for CuTS is typically pursued before surgical intervention, but there are no universally agreed-upon diagnostic and treatment algorithms for the condition.
State of knowledge: Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome manifest in approximately 5% of the general population. Etiological factors include repetitive pressure, stretching, flexion, or trauma to the elbow joint. If not appropriately managed, advanced stages of the disease may lead to irreversible muscle atrophy and hand contractures.
Summary: Early diagnosis and intervention are the key factors in managing Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. The condition is frequently underdiagnosed, primarily due to patients' reluctance to seek treatment for their symptoms. No studies have definitively proven that one treatment approach is more effective than another. The choice of treatment should be based on the severity of the condition and the individual needs of the patient.
An Overview of the Deadly Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Clinical Cases and Scientific Insights
Authors: Mossakowski Maciej , Kaźmierczak Martyna , Jajczak Marta , Parys Jakub , Mikosińska Agnieszka , Kałuziak Patrycja , Witek Aleksandra , Litwin Mateusz , Jesionek Stanisław
Published: January 2025

Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely used for performance enhancement, but their misuse, particularly in bodybuilding and professional sports, poses significant health risks. While AAS have legitimate medical applications in treating certain hormonal disorders, abuse of these substances can lead to severe and often irreversible health consequences.
Objective: The aim of this work was to highlight the health and life risks associated with AAS abuse, with a focus on the most common causes of death, based on example case reports and scientific studies.
Materials and Methods: This review was based on scientific research and case reports obtained from the PubMed database using the following key terms: “androgenic anabolic steroids,” “androgenic anabolic steroids abuse,” and combinations of these with terms such as “premature death,” “sudden cardiac death,” “suicide,” “liver injury,” “renal failure,” and “health consequences.”
Conclusion: AAS misuse can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, stroke, suicide and other complications. Clinical research stresses the importance of awareness, education, and medical supervision to prevent these risks, emphasizing the need for regulation and informed decision-making to protect individuals from harm.
Effects of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy and real-time fluorescent imaging on deep sternal wound infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Tse-Hsi , Lin Cheng-Hsin , Peng Chung-Kan , Wu Yi-Chun , Hsieh Tsung-Cheng , Lee Chi-Hung , Liu Yung-Ching , Huang Kun-Lun , Tam Ka-Wai , Chang Shun-Cheng
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a rare but devastating complication that is estimated to occur in 1–2% of patients after median sternotomy. Current standard of care (SoC) comprises antibiotics, debridement and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears to be an effective adjuvant therapy for osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of HBOT and real-time fluorescence imaging (RTFI) in a DSWI treatment protocol and their benefits on infection control.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of DSWI management was performed. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups: HBOT group and RTFI group. Patients in the HBOT group received SoC, HBOT, NPWT and reconstructive flap surgery. Patients in the RTFI group received the same therapeutic plan as well as treatment with a RTFI device (MolecuLight i:X (MolecuLight, Inc., Canada) to achieve high-quality debridement. Infection status and short-term outcomes within three months were measured. Long-term outcomes were analysed at a 12-month follow-up.

Results:

Of the 55 patients enrolled: 22 in the HBOT group and 33 in the RTFI group. Infection control status, evaluated in terms of white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels, antibiotic use duration, antibiotic costs, reinfection rate and osteomyelitis recurrence rate, were statistically significantly improved in the RTFI group (<0.001, <0.001, 0.042, 0.022, 0.049 and 0.022, respectively). Length of total intensive care unit stay and duration of complete healing were statistically significantly decreased in the RTFI group (<0.001 and 0.046, respectively).

Conclusion:

Patients with DSWI can benefit from HBOT, especially in terms of in-hospital mortality. RTFI can be used to eliminate bacterial burden and achieve high-quality debridement, which considerably improves infection control and clinical outcomes.
Wound care of Sweet syndrome in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Haijiao , Tang Yanhui , Luo Man , Chen Ming
Published: January 2025

Sweet syndrome (SS), which is characterised by fever and erythematous tender skin lesions, has been shown to be associated with lymphoma. However, there are limited reported experiences on the wound care of SS in patients with lymphoma. This case report presents the wound care of SS in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL). A 42-year-old male was referred to the The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Hospital with redness and pain in the left shoulder and abdomen following chemotherapy for ALK+ALCL in early 2021. Physical examination found lesions in the abdomen and shoulder. The lesions were ruptured on day 5 and found to be composed of necrotic tissues. After debridement, the wounds were successively treated with silver ion antibacterial dressing, Mepilex Border Lite (Mölnlycke Health Care, Sweden), silver sulfadiazine gauze, Shengji ointment (a traditional Chinese therapy), UrgoTül (Urgo Medical, France), and fire needling therapy (another traditional Chinese therapy). At three months later, the wound in the abdomen was healed, but the shoulder wound was still unhealed. Based on the physiological manifestations and current treatment process, the patient was diagnosed with SS after multidisciplinary consultation. Prednisone tablets were then administered and the shoulder wound completely healed after two months.
Gentamicin ointment effect on hard-to-heal wounds: a case series
Authors: Cheney Mary , Pei Mitchell , Zajac Kelsee , Womack Braden , Workman Lauren , Schubauer Kathryn , Simman Richard
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The presence of microorganisms in a wound may lead to the development of pathologically extensive inflammation, and either delay or prevent the healing of hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. The aim of this case series is to explore the use of topical gentamicin ointment, an aminoglycoside with activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, as an option to address hard-to-heal wounds.

Method:

We present a retrospective case series of patients with hard-to-heal wounds of varying pathophysiologies treated with topical gentamicin.

Results:

Regardless of the inciting aetiology, all 10 of the presented patients responded to topical gentamicin as evidenced by resolution of much of the inflammation and reduction in wound size or complete wound closure.

Conclusion:

By helping to clear the bacteria-induced biofilm that may be present on a hard-to-heal wound, gentamicin may allow the wound healing process to continue past the inflammatory phase, and onto proliferation, remodelling and eventual closure.
Correction to: High expression of autophagy-related gene EIF4EBP1 could promote tamoxifen resistance and predict poor prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Yang Shan , Hui Tian-Li , Wang Hao-Qi , Zhang Xi , Mi Yun-Zhe , Cheng Meng , Gao Wei , Geng Cui-Zhi , Li Sai-Nan
Published: January 2025

This is an erratum to the published paper titled, “High expression of autophagy-related gene EIF4EBP1 could promote tamoxifen resistance and predict poor prognosis in breast cancer.” We have removed the citations to certain articles in subsequent revisions of the manuscript. However, owing to our oversight, the citation marker in the upper right corner was not removed. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused.
Genetic insights in infectious diseases: Insights from a case report and implications for personalized medicine
Authors: Bhowmik Suryasnata , Hajra Adrija , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti
Published: January 2025

The relationship between genetics and infectious diseases is important in shaping our understanding of disease susceptibility, progression, and treatment. Recent research shows the impact of genetic variations, such as heme-oxygenase promoter length, on diseases like malaria and sepsis, revealing both protective and inconclusive effects. Studies on vaccine responses highlight genetic markers like human leukocyte antigens, emphasizing the potential for personalized immunization strategies. The ongoing battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) illustrates the complexity of genomic variants in predicting resistance, highlighting the need for integrated diagnostic tools. Additionally, genome-wide association studies reveal antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial genomes, while host genetic polymorphisms, such as those in solute carrier family 11 member 1 and vitamin D receptor, demonstrate their role in TB susceptibility. Advanced techniques like metagenomic next-generation sequencing promise detailed pathogen detection but face challenges in cost and accessibility. A case report involving a highly virulent Mycobacterium TB strain with the pks1 gene further highlights the need for genetic insights in understanding disease severity and developing targeted interventions. This evolving landscape emphasizes the role of genetics in infectious diseases, while also addressing the need for standardized studies and accessible technologies.
Cerebral complications after unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery: A case report
Authors: Han Chao , Ren Zhan-Yun , Jiang Zhen-Huan , Luo Yi-Feng
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) surgery has developed rapidly during the past decade. Continuous epidural space irrigation is generally considered the principal reason for cerebral complications following UBE surgery. We present a case of mental symptoms during the general anesthesia awakening period due to pneumocephalus.

CASE SUMMARY

A 70-year-old woman with lumbar disc herniation underwent UBE surgery stably under general anesthesia. Uncontrollable hypertension occurred immediately after transfer to the postoperative care unit, accompanied by increased heart rate and tachypnea. During the recovery process, the patient responded to external stimuli but was confused and unable to complete command actions. Neck stiffness and significantly increased muscle strength on the left side indicated the presence of de-cerebrate rigidity. An urgent brain computed tomography scan showed pneumocephalus compressing the brainstem. After receiving analgesia and sedation treatment, the patient was conscious three hours later and recovered rapidly. She was discharged on the fifth postoperative day and followed up for 3 months with no surgical or brain complications.

CONCLUSION

Cerebral complications emerging during the general anesthesia awakening period following UBE surgery are not entirely due to increased intracranial pressure. Pneumocephalus induced by dural injury may also be a potential cause.
A Focused Metasurface Lens Antenna with Gain Enhancement
Authors: Dong Yu , Chen Xing
Published: January 2025

A specialized metasurface has been developed for lens antenna applications. This innovative metasurface unit cell comprises five metallic layers and four dielectric layers. Each metallic layer consists of a pair of back-to-back split resonant rings. The proposed unit cell is highly effective with a transmission phase coverage exceeding 360∘ and a transmission amplitude larger than 70% at X-band (8.8-11.2 GHz). The unit cell has been thoroughly designed, fabricated and tested. To verify the present unit cell, a metasurface array with 27×27 elements is designed. An X-band horn antenna is used as the feed source. Simulation and measurement results show that the electromagnetic wave from the feed horn is focused within the operating band, resulting in a measured gain of 16.9 dB at 9 GHz and 19.2 dB at 11 GHz. Thus, a gain enhancement of 5.4 dB at 9 GHz and 5.7 dB at 11 GHz are obtained, making it a good reference for engineering applications.
A Low-profile Wideband Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna with Metasurface
Authors: Liu GuangRui , Ju Cheng , Li Zijie , Yang Zhiqun , Qu Xiaoyun , Liu Na , Zong Wei-hua
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a pattern reconfigurable antenna with low-profile and wide bandwidth. The antenna is composed of a patch layer, a metasurface (MS) layer, and a full ground plane. The radiation patch consists of a microstrip-fed square and three parasitic patches. The MS with 4×4 units is added on the top of the patch layer to improve bandwidth as well as tune radiation pattern. Ten of the MS units are available to connect with the ground plane, each of which is loaded with a PIN diode to control the shorting state, providing 12 beam states with reconfigurable beams between ±5∘ to ±15∘ both in xoz and yoz planes. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. Measurement shows that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 4.02-5.72 GHz, a beam scanning range of -16∘-15∘ in xoz plane and -13∘-15∘ in yoz plane, peak gain range of 4.94-6 dBi. With a planar shape of low profile and full ground plane, the antenna design is a good candidate to be applied in wireless communication systems with conductive surface.
Wideband Cup Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Stable Omnidirectional Patterns
Authors: Zheng Shuxin , Yang Nan , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Zhen-Yuan , Qian Bingyi , Kishk Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

A wideband omnidirectional cup dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is designed by utilizing three modes (DR TM01δ, coil, and monopole modes) for the first time. It deploys the modified coil feeding structure comprising four coil segments and two close-by probes. The four coil segments provide an equivalent magnetic-current loop and the two probes act as an electric monopole. Thus, the modified feeding structure can excite the DR TM01δ mode and two neighbor resonances extending the operating bandwidth. All of these modes have omnidirectional characteristics. To verify the idea, a CDRA is designed, fabricated, and measured. The CDRA is 0.61λ0×0.32λ0 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency) with a bandwidth of 67.7% (3.28-6.64 GHz). The antenna has stable omnidirectional radiation patterns, high radiation efficiencies, and a low cross-polarized level within the operating bandwidth.
Molecular characterization and evaluation of potential isolated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining land as a planting media in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: RAHAYU YUNI SRI , YULIANI YULIANI , ASRI MAHANANI TRI , RAHAYU DWI ANGGOROWATI
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Rahayu YS, Yuliani, Asri MT, Rahayu DA. 2024. Molecular characterization and evaluation of potential isolated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining land as a planting media in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4059-4066. East Kalimantan is an extensive province in Indonesia dedicated to coal mining activities. Despite the potential, several coal mining enterprises do not implement land reclamation procedures before abandoning the mines. This situation often leads to low soil fertility and challenges in effectively converting the resulting marginal land into productive terrain. Several reports have shown the importance of concerted efforts to address those challenges. Therefore, this study aims to isolate, characterize, and evaluate endophytic microorganisms in optimizing former coal mining areas using the partial sequence of 16S rRNA. The construction of the phylogenetic tree topology between samples and the close relatives from GenBank was analyzed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum-Likelihood (ML) methods with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) calculation model (with 1,000 bootstraps). The resulting cladogram could be divided into two major clusters, with cluster 1 comprising two distinct clades, namely the Bacillus genus clade and clade 2 consisting of the Genus Achromobacter and Pseudomonas. Meanwhile, cluster 2 was divided into two clades: Bacillus alvei and Bacillus pantothenticus. Each group in these clades was then further categorized based on the species, with a bootstrap value of 100%. The molecular data identification revealed five variations of nucleotide bases, and the genetic distance average value within the ingroup was 1.0%. The results revealed that species similarities existed between Pseudomonas guariconensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus mycoides, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus alvei. Based on these results, the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequences had successfully differentiated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining areas in East Kalimantan.
Natural association of the entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia placenta with spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii) in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: SUDIARTA I PUTU , SUPUTRA I PUTU WIRYA , MERTANINGSIH NI PUTU , WIRYA GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA , SELANGGA DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA , UTAMA I WAYAN EKA KARYA , GARGITA I WAYAN DIKSA , KLETT KATRINA , YUDHA I KADEK WISMA
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Sudiarta IP, Suputra IPW, Mertaningsih NP, Wirya GNAS, Selangga DGW, Utama IWEK, Gargita IWD, Klett K, Yudha IKW. 2024. Natural association of the entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia placenta with spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii) in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4067-4073. The whitefly is one of the most common pests in agriculture, and one highly polyphagous species is the spiral whitefly (Aleurodicus sp.). The fungal genus Aschersonia can be used to control Aleurodicus sp.. This research has potential applications in agriculture because it can produce a new environmentally friendly method to control whitefly infestations. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology and molecular characteristics of Aschersonia and their hosts in Bali. The samples were taken from several areas in Bali Province. Morphological identification was carried out at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana. The conidia of Aschersonia were fusoid with tapered ends, 9-16 ?m long and 1.5-2 ?m wide, and the color of the culture was white to yellowish white. Molecular analysis exhibited that DNA bands measuring between 500-600 bp were successfully amplified with universal primers ITS1/ITS4. Aschersonia infected spiralling whiteflies has never been reported in mulberry plants. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that Aschersonia-infected spiralling whiteflies were in the same group as Aschersonia placenta/ Hypocrella raciborskii isolates from Thailand and India. Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell 1896 had morphological characteristics, such as vasiform orifice with lingula extending beyond the borders of orifice, compound pores present on puparia, and thoracic legs with claws. The results of morphological analysis showed that A. dugesii from Bali (LC491422) had the closest kinship to A. dugesii from the USA (AY521251). This is the first report of the identification of Aschersonia placenta associated with A. dugesii in Indonesia.
Aquaculture infection of Kappaphycus alvarezii by Vibrio alginolyticus causing ice-ice disease
Authors: PRASETYO ENDRY NUGROHO , PERMANASARI YUNITA , BASYIRAH AFRA , FITRIYA SALSABILA AIDA , JADID NURUL , ZULLAIKAH SITI , EKAWATI IDA , ISDIANTONI ISDIANTONI , KOENTJORO MAHARANI PERTIWI
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Prasetyo EN, Permanasari Y, Basyirah A, Fitriya SA, Jadid N, Zulaikah S, Ekawati I, Isdiantoni, Koentjoro MP. 2024.  Aquaculture infection of Kappaphycus alvarezii by Vibrio alginolyticus causing ice-ice disease. Biodiversitas 25: 4086-4094. The occurrence of ice-ice disease on seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P.C.Silva) tissue is indicated by the presence of bleaching and softening symptoms on thallus, which attracts microbial infection. In addition, it is often caused by unfavorable environmental conditions during specific seasons and is characterized by fragmentation as well as a reduction in biomass. To prevent the disease, several studies have suggested the use of ice-ice disease-resistant seeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the resistance level of seaweed seeds to microbial infection, particularly Vibrio alginolyticus, which is responsible for ice-ice disease in different aquaculture areas in Sumenep District. Data were collected from four different villages, including Brakas, Padike, Tanjung, and Lobuk, followed by analysis using descriptive qualitative method. K. alvarezii seeds collected from four villages were infected with V. alginolyticus using the in vitro method. Thallus of seaweed was then observed and water samples were taken every 6 hours for 24 hours post-infection. The results showed that seeds from Brakas had the lowest (11%) infection rate, followed by Tanjung (67%), and Padike and Lobuk (89% each). This indicated that K. alvarezii seeds from Brakas possessed a prominent activity against V. alginolyticus infection with no sign of chlorosis or tissue softening on thallus.
Ecosystem approach for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) sustainability in Bekasi District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: YULIANA ERNIK , WINATA ADI , SETIJORINI LUDIVICA ENDANG , YANI DIARSI EKA , HEWINDATI YUNI TRI , DJATMIKO WIBOWO A.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Yuliana E, Winata A, Setijorini LE, Yani DE, Hewindati YT, Djatmiko WA. 2024. Ecosystem approach for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) sustainability in Bekasi District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4117-4126. There is concern that the sustainability of blue swimming crab (BSC) (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus 1758) resources is threatened by ever-increasing consumption. This has led to increased BSC fishing pressure, which can result in over exploitation. The study aims to analyze BSC sustainability based on the indicators of the ecosystem approach for fisheries management (EAFM) and to determine the follow-up in the form of management tactical steps. The study site was the waters of Segara Jaya Village, Taruma Jaya Sub-district, Bekasi District, West Java, Indonesia. The sampling location was the mudflats around the mangrove ecosystem. Data on BSC were collected from fishermen’s catches; the crabs’ carapace width (CW) and weight were measured, and their sex was identified. The fishermen data were collected from the entire population of Segara Jaya fishermen (40 people). We analyzed BSC sustainability using the CW-based stock assessment. The life-history parameters consisted of growth parameters, mortality, and exploitation rate estimated using the “TropFishR” package in RStudio; the rest used descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the BSC caught had an average CW of 7.25 cm (not compliant with the government policy) and an average weight of 29.24 g. There was overexploitation, with the exploitation rate value being 0.94 for males and 0.85 for females. The results of the water quality measurements were in accordance with seawater quality standards for marine biota. To properly educate fishermen, several counseling and motivational approaches are needed to build the fishermen’s awareness. Regarding fishing techniques, educating fishermen to catch BSC larger than the minimum size set by the government (CW of >10 cm) is needed. Motivation-building to fishermen so that they are invested in conserving BSC resources is also needed in the socio-economy domain.
New record and potential spatial distribution of Curcuma sumatrana (Zingiberaceae): An endemic wild turmeric in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SYAFIRA FARADILA , NURAINAS NURAINAS , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Syafira F, Nurainas, Syamsuardi. 2024. New record and potential spatial distribution of Curcuma sumatrana (Zingiberaceae): An endemic wild turmeric in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4127-4138. Curcuma sumatrana Miq. is a Sumatran turmeric species with medicinal potential. However, it remains underutilized and is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its vulnerability is aggravated by limited knowledge of its distribution, a need for more data on habitat preferences, and habitat degradation. Field observations revealed significant morphological variations among populations, likely influenced by environmental factors. This study assessed the morphology, microhabitat preferences, and spatial distribution of C. sumatrana in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Surveys and laboratory observations highlighted morphological traits, such as leaf and ligule length and width, significantly contribute to these observed variations. Notably, the leaf shape differed between open and shaded areas, being narrowly elliptic in open areas and broadly elliptic in shaded areas. Populations in Koto Malintang and Lubuk Minturun showed distinct differences, separated by six morphological traits. The C. sumatrana prefers habitats with fertile soils, moderate plant diversity, and open land cover, often coexisting with species like Dendrocnide stimulans (L.fil.) Chew, Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg., and Diplazium sp. Maximum Entropy modeling (AUC 0.944) predicted a highly suitable habitat of 918 hectares in the western Bukit Barisan range. The model suggests distribution is influenced by soil type and precipitation patterns during the seasonal, warmest, and coldest quarters, as well as land cover. New records from West Sumatra extend the species' known range, reaffirming its vulnerable status with a potential risk of becoming endangered.
Pyocyanin derived from the marine sponge-associated bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa P1.S9, has the potential as antibacterial
Authors: MESRIAN DOVA KELVIN , ASTUTI RIKA INDRI , PRASTYA MUHAMMAD EKA , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Mesrian DK, Astuti RI, Prastya ME, Wahyudi AT. 2024. Pyocyanin derived from the marine sponge-associated bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa P1.S9, has the potential as antibacterial. Biodiversitas 25: 4139-4147. Sponge-associated bacteria are a prolific source of secondary metabolites. Among them, pyocyanin-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a subject of great interest. Pyocyanin is a blue-green pigment known for its enormous biological activity, one of the most notable being antimicrobial. Therefore, this study was performed to optimize the production, to characterize the chemical structure, and to test the antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin. As the sole isolate used, Pseudomonas aeruginosa P1.S9 provided a fundamental premise for pyocyanin synthesis by revealing the presence of phzM and phzS genes. The proteins generated from these genes were highly compatible with two enzymes involved in the pyocyanin production pathway. During the optimization, the maximum level of pyocyanin produced was 29.057±0.691 µg mL-1. The concentration was obtained using a modified King's A medium incubated at 27°C within four days. To assess its purity, the chemical structure of pyocyanin was confirmed by several spectroscopic techniques including UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR). All test results closely resemble purified pyocyanin compared to several prior studies. In terms of antimicrobial activity, pyocyanin was effective against ATCC strains of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Its strongest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 62.5 µg mL-1 against Bacillus subtilis. Subsequently, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a major mechanism of pyocyanin antibacterial activity has also been verified. The bacterial pathogens cells treated with pyocyanin displayed a brighter luminescence compared to the control without pyocyanin after the addition of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA). Ultimately, the present work comprehensively characterized pyocyanin's promising producer and antibacterial properties.