bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Cobalt-catalysed Transformations
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: August 2018

With a foreword from leading organic chemist Professor Paul Wender, this book collects the major developments reported in the past thirty years in the field of enantioselective reactions promoted by chiral cobalt catalysts, illustrating the power of these green catalysts to provide all types of organic reactions from the basic to completely novel methodologies.

The search for new methodologies to prepare optically pure products is one of the most active areas of research in organic synthesis. Of the methods available for preparing chiral compounds, catalytic asymmetric synthesis has attracted the most attention. In particular, asymmetric transition-metal catalysis is a powerful tool for performing reactions in a highly enantioselective fashion. Efforts to develop new asymmetric transformations have previously focused on the use of rare metals such as titanium, palladium, iridium and gold. However, the ever-growing need for environmentally friendly catalytic processes has prompted chemists to focus on the more abundant and less toxic first-row transition metals, such as cobalt, to develop new catalytic systems.

The ability of cobalt catalysts to adopt unexpected reaction pathways has led to an impressive number of enantioselective cobalt-promoted transformations being developed over the past three decades. These have included the synthesis of many different types of products, often under relatively mild conditions and with remarkable enantioselectivities. This book is a useful reference resource for chemists, both academic and industrial, working in organic synthesis and interested in greener or more economical catalytic alternatives.
Blood-based near-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid low-cost detection of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Paraskevaidi Maria , Morais Camilo L. M. , Freitas Daniel L. D. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Mann David M. A. , Allsop David , Martin-Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L.
Published: August 2018

Plasma samples deposited on low-E slides were analysed in transmission mode by using a FT-NIR spectrometer in order to detect Alzheimer's disease using computer-based methods.
An efficient template-independent polymerase chain displacement reaction for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Haigang , Li Tingting , Zhang Ji , Ling Liansheng
Published: August 2018

A template-independent and tailed tandem repeat-based polymerase chain displacement reaction (TTR-PCDR) was developed for the efficient detection of Salmonella typhimurium.
Ultra-pH-responsive split i-motif based aptamer anchoring strategy for specific activatable imaging of acidic tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lei Yanli , He Xiaoxiao , Tang Jinlu , Shi Hui , He Dinggeng , Yan Lv’an , Liu Jianbo , Zeng Yu , Wang Kemin
Published: August 2018

Non-blocking split i-motif based aptamer anchoring strategy was developed as a general platform for sensing weakly acidic tumor microenvironment.
Reductive cyclisations of amidines involving aminal radicals
Authors: Huang Huan-Ming , Adams Ralph W. , Procter David J.
Published: August 2018

The first general study of aminal radical cyclisations, triggered by reduction of amidines with SmI2, delivers quinazolinones with complete diastereocontrol.
Supercharged fluorescent protein functionalized water-soluble poly(N-phenylglycine) nanoparticles for highly effective imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Chen Hua , Liang Wenqian , Zhu Yang , Guo Zhengxi , Jian Jing , Jiang Bang-Ping , Liang Hong , Shen Xing-Can
Published: August 2018

Supercharged fluorescent protein modified poly(N-phenylglycine) nanoparticles as novel nanotheranostic agents for image-guided photothermal cancer therapy.
Hollow hydrogel networks for temperature-controlled water fluidics
Authors: Chen Qing , Liang Shumin , Song Xiaodong , Naumov Panče , Zhang Lidong
Published: August 2018

A simple, yet robust, reproducible and scalable method for direct conversion of sodium alginate (SA) films to multibranched hydrogel tubes (HTs) in “one-pot” reaction of buffered aqueous solution is reported.
Reduced graphene oxide nanosheet modified NiMn-LDH nanoflake arrays for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Li , Zhang Yuanxing , Zhang Yu , Si Haochen , Qin Wenpeng , Zhang Yihe
Published: August 2018

Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets are used to modify a Ni foam-supported NiMn-LDH nanoflake array electrode, showing enhanced capacitive performance.
The Friedel–Crafts reaction of fluorinated graphene for high-yield arylation of graphene
Authors: Lai Wenchuan , Liu Jiaxiang , Luo Longbo , Wang Xu , He Taijun , Fan Kun , Liu Xiangyang
Published: August 2018

Herein, we report the Friedel–Crafts reaction of fluorinated graphene with aryl molecules including methylbenzene, chlorobenzene and polystyrene, which achieved high-yield arylation functionalization of graphene under mild conditions.
A colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for water in acetonitrile based on intramolecular charge transfer: D–(π–A)2-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex
Authors: Tsumura Shuhei , Enoki Toshiaki , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: August 2018

A D–(π–A)2-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex, YNI-2-BF3, was developed as a colorimetric and fluorescent sensor based on intramolecular charge transfer for the detection of water in solvents.
More versatility than thought: large {Zr26} oxocarboxylate cluster by corner-sharing of standard octahedral subunits
Authors: Nateghi Bahareh , Boldog Ishtvan , Domasevitch Konstiantyn V. , Janiak Christoph
Published: August 2018

The largest known zirconium cluster with an idealized formula of [Zr26O18(OH)30(HCOO)38] was obtained via solvolysis of ZrOCl2 in DMF/HCOOH.
AA- and ABA-stacked carbon nitride (C3N4): novel photocatalytic water splitting solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion
Authors: Reshak A. H.
Published: August 2018

We report the development of the C3N4 structure by integrating two different structures: (i) two identical layers as AA-stacked C3N4 and (ii) intercalating one different layer between two identical layers as ABA-stacked C3N4.
Energy loss analysis in photoelectrochemical water splitting: a case study of hematite photoanodes
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Lyu Miaoqiang , Chen Peng , Wang Songcan , Wang Lianzhou
Published: August 2018

The energy loss of photoelectrochemical processes can be quantitatively evaluated by analyzing the decoupled photovoltaic and electrocatalytic process.
A 3D porous Ni-CeO2 nanosheet array as a highly efficient electrocatalyst toward alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Zhaomei , Zhang Jiayu , Xie Junfeng , Wang Min , Zheng Xiangjiang , Zhang Zhen , Li Xuemei , Tang Bo
Published: August 2018

A 3D porous Ni-CeO2 nanosheet array supported on a Ti mesh (Ni-CeO2/TM) behaves as an efficient and stable alkaline HER electrocatalyst, offering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 67 mV.
A water-stable lanthanide coordination polymer as a multiresponsive luminescent sensor for Fe3+, Cr(vi) and 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Liu Yan , Ma Jingjing , Xu Cong , Yang Yang , Xia Minfang , Jiang Huie , Liu Weisheng
Published: August 2018

Constructing water stable lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs) is of great importance for practical applications in biological and environmental areas and necessary for systematic research on the relationship between the properties of Ln-CPs and structures of linker ligands.
Analysis of the structure and abnormal photoluminescence of a red-emitting LiMgBO3:Mn2+ phosphor
Authors: Wu Liwei , Bai Yuxing , Wu Li , Yi Huan , Zhang Xinzheng , Zhang Lixin , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Yi , Xu Jingjun
Published: August 2018

In LiMgBO3:Mn2+ phosphor, the origin of the abnormal luminescence (deep red emission) of Mn2+ in five-coordinated configuration has been disclosed.
Challenges in cyclometalation: steric effects leading to competing pathways and η1,η2-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Chen Houguang Jeremy , Teo Ronald Hong Xiang , Wong Jonathan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak-Hing
Published: August 2018

The iridation of a known cyclometalating ligand led to several products, one of which is an olefin-directed carbocyclic iridacycle. The mechanistic pathways to the formation of these compounds were investigated.
Three isoreticular ssa-type MOFs derived from bent diisophthalate ligands: exploring the substituent effect on structural stabilities and selective C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 adsorption properties
Authors: Wang Yao , He Minghui , Gao Xiaoxia , Long Piao , Zhang Yingying , Zhong Haoyan , Wang Xia , He Yabing
Published: August 2018

Three isoreticular ssa-type MOFs exhibit substituent-dependent framework stabilities against desolvation and gas adsorption properties.
Amino group promoted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity observed in two copper(ii)-based layered complexes
Authors: Li Lei , Zhu Shuang , Hao Rui , Wang Jia-Jun , Yang En-Cui , Zhao Xiao-Jun
Published: August 2018

The amino group effect of the photocatalyst on the catalytic activity of water splitting was investigated under visible light irradiation. The hydrogen production rate of the amino group modified layered complex is almost double that without the amino group.
Geometric super-resolution on push-broom hyperspectral imaging for plasma optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Songyue , Gong Xiaoxia , Mu Yan , Finch Kevin , Gamez Gerardo
Published: August 2018

Sub-pixel shifting allows geometric super-resolution on a push-broom hyperspectral imaging system used for plasma OES.
Interdigitated microelectronic bandage augments hemostasis and clot formation at low applied voltagein vitroandin vivo
Authors: Hardy Elaissa T. , Wang Yannan J. , Iyer Sanathan , Mannino Robert G. , Sakurai Yumiko , Barker Thomas H. , Chi Taiyun , Youn Yeojoon , Wang Hua , Brown Ashley C. , Lam Wilbur A.
Published: August 2018

An interdigitated microelectronic device that applies low voltage (<9 V) electrical field augments hemostasisin vitroandin vivo.
Deciphering the role of the head group of cationic surfactants in their binding interactions with heme protein and their release by β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Patel Biman Kumar , Sepay Nayim , Rudra Suparna , Mahapatra Ambikesh
Published: August 2018

We decipher the mode of binding of surfactants with hemoglobin and their release by β-cyclodextrin.
Dispersion improvement and activity promotion of Pt catalysts supported on a Ce-based support by pH adjustment
Authors: Cheng Tianqiong , Qiu Jing , Chen Yusheng , Yan Shuang , Sun Min , Feng Jie , Zhao Ming , Wang Jianli , Chen Yaoqiang
Published: August 2018

Pt-based catalysts prepared by pH adjustment display high dispersion and catalytic activity because of strong Pt precursor–support surface interactions.
A molecular probe based on pyrimidine imidazole derivatives for stable super-resolution endoplasmic reticulum imaging in living cells
Authors: Hu Ling , Hussain Sajid , Liu Tianyan , Yue Yuanzhen , Liu Jiejie , Tian Yupeng , Tian Xiaohe
Published: August 2018

Multi-functional florescent dyes capable of acting as molecular probes in living systems under two-photon microscopy, as well as super-resolution nanoscopy, are of great interest.
Interfacial coupling between noble metal nanoparticles and metal–organic frameworks for enhanced catalytic activity
Authors: Tong Yongde , Xue Guangxin , Wang Hui , Liu Mei , Wang Jin , Hao Changlong , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Dawei , Shi Xinghua , Liu Wei , Li Guodong , Tang Zhiyong
Published: August 2018

Interfacial coupling between ZIFs and noble metal NPs plays a significant role in enhancing catalytic efficiency.
Unveiling sequential late-stage methyltransferase reactions in the meleagrin/oxaline biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Newmister Sean A. , Romminger Stelamar , Schmidt Jennifer J. , Williams Robert M. , Smith Janet L. , Berlinck Roberto G. S. , Sherman David H.
Published: August 2018

Enzymatic activity and crystal structures of the methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of fungal natural products meleagrin and oxaline.
Silver-catalyzed intermolecular amination of fluoroarenes
Authors: Wang Yu , Wei Chenlong , Tang Ruyun , Zhan Haosheng , Lin Jing , Liu Zhenhua , Tao Weihua , Fang Zhongxue
Published: August 2018

A novel highly selective Ag-catalyzed intermolecular amination of fluoroarenes has been developed.
Self-calibrated optical thermometer LuNbO4:Pr3+/Tb3+ based on intervalence charge transfer transitions
Authors: Wu Yanfang , Suo Hao , Zhao Xiaoqi , Zhou Ziwei , Guo Chongfeng
Published: August 2018

High sensitivity thermometer LuNbO4:Pr3+/Tb3+ based on intervalence charge transfer transitions.
Comparative study of modified/non-modified aluminum and silica aerogels for anionic dye adsorption performance
Authors: Zhao Wentong , Zhu Jing , Wei Wei , Ma Lirong , Zhu Jianjun , Xie Jimin
Published: August 2018

Developing effective and low-cost adsorbents is of great significance for controlling water contamination.
A novel practical pedagogy for terminal assessment
Authors: Hennah Naomi
Published: August 2018

The present paper reports upon the design and implementation of a novel practical work pedagogy that is shown to increase students’ retention of practical procedures. The chemistry exams, for 15 to 16-year olds in England, will be assessed entirely through terminal examination questions from 2018. Longer term retention of learning is critical if these students are to minimise any discrepancy in attainment that may arise from following curricula with a coursework component. The novel design, underpinned by Cognitive Load Theory and Social Constructivism, involves pre-laboratory preparation and employs oracy to promote thinking during practical work. Three equivalent chemistry groups within the same school undertook neutralisation and crystallisation practical tasks and their practical work exam question attainment data is analysed. The novel pedagogy is trialled as a neutralisation task with one group and affective outcomes are determined through Likert scale activity feedback questionnaire. Attainment data shows a statistically significant higher mark in practical exam question attainment for the intervention compared to the control group when tested ten weeks after the teaching episode.
A β-diketiminate manganese catalyst for alkene hydrosilylation: substrate scope, silicone preparation, and mechanistic insight
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tufan K. , Flores Marco , Groy Thomas L. , Trovitch Ryan J.
Published: August 2018

A (BDI)Mn catalyst has been found to hydrosilylate olefins and the observed selectivity can be attributed to alkene insertion.
Buckling of a drying colloidal drop
Authors: Tirumkudulu Mahesh S.
Published: August 2018

We derive explicit expressions for the critical capillary pressure required for buckling of drying colloidal droplets.
Porous nickel hollow fiber cathodes coated with CNTs for efficient microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO2usingSporomusa ovata
Authors: Bian Bin , Alqahtani Manal F. , Katuri Krishna P. , Liu Defei , Bajracharya Suman , Lai Zhiping , Rabaey Korneel , Saikaly Pascal E.
Published: August 2018

Nickel porous hollow fibers coated with CNTs acted as both a gas transfer membrane for CO2delivery and a cathode for providing electrons to microbial catalysts, achieving improved CO2conversion to value-added products in microbial electrosynthesis.
Layered franckeite and teallite intrinsic heterostructures: shear exfoliation and electrocatalysis
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk , Luxa Jan , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2018

Naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) undergo liquid-phase shear exfoliation and are applied in electrocatalytic energy reactions.
Double signal amplification based on palladium nanoclusters and nucleic acid cycles on a μPAD for dual-model detection of microRNAs
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Liang Linlin , Zhao Peini , Lan Feifei , Zhang Lina , Ge Shenguang , Yu Jinghua
Published: August 2018

Dual-model signal outputs and double signal amplification on the platform of μPAD for the sensitive detection of miRNAs.
Correction: Prussian blue decorated mesoporous silica hybrid nanocarriers for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal combination therapy
Authors: Moorthy Madhappan Santha , Hoang Giang , Subramanian Bharathiraja , Bui Nhat Quang , Panchanathan Manivasagan , Mondal Sudip , Thi Tuong Vy Phan , Kim Hyehyun , Oh Junghwan
Published: August 2018

Correction for ‘Prussian blue decorated mesoporous silica hybrid nanocarriers for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal combination therapy’ by Madhappan Santha Moorthy et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01214h.
A self-powered electronic-skin for real-time perspiration analysis and application in motion state monitoring
Authors: He Haoxuan , Zeng Hui , Fu Yongming , Han Wuxiao , Dai Yitong , Xing Lili , Zhang Yan , Xue Xinyu
Published: August 2018

A self-powered electronic-skin has been fabricated for real-time perspiration analysis of lactate, glucose, Na+, K+, urea and uric acid concentration.
Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species influence ADP sensitivity, but not CPT-I substrate sensitivity
Authors: Barbeau Pierre-Andre , Miotto Paula M. , Holloway Graham P.
Published: August 2018

The mechanisms regulating oxidative phosphorylation during exercise remain poorly defined; however, key mitochondrial proteins, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) and adenine nucleotide translocase, have redox-sensitive sites. Interestingly, muscle contraction has recently been shown to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; therefore, we aimed to determine if mitochondrial-derived ROS influences bioenergetic responses to exercise. Specifically, we examined the influence of acute exercise on mitochondrial bioenergetics in WT (wild type) and transgenic mice (MCAT, mitochondrial-targeted catalase transgenic) possessing attenuated mitochondrial ROS. We found that ablating mitochondrial ROS did not alter palmitoyl-CoA (P-CoA) respiratory kinetics or influence the exercise-mediated reductions in malonyl CoA sensitivity, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS does not regulate CPT-I. In contrast, while mitochondrial protein content, maximal coupled respiration, and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) sensitivity in resting muscle were unchanged in the absence of mitochondrial ROS, exercise increased the apparent ADP Km (decreased ADP sensitivity) ∼30% only in WT mice. Moreover, while the presence of P-CoA decreased ADP sensitivity, it did not influence the basic response to exercise, as the apparent ADP Km was increased only in the presence of mitochondrial ROS. This basic pattern was also mirrored in the ability of ADP to suppress mitochondrial H2O2 emission rates, as exercise decreased the suppression of H2O2 only in WT mice. Altogether, these data demonstrate that while exercise-induced mitochondrial-derived ROS does not influence CPT-I substrate sensitivity, it inhibits ADP sensitivity independent of P-CoA. These data implicate mitochondrial redox signaling as a regulator of oxidative phosphorylation.
Performance analysis in wireless key generation using estimated channel state information
Authors: Guan Xinrong , Shi Hui , Ding Ning , Yang Weiwei , Cai Yueming
Published: August 2018

A secret key can be generated between two legitimate parties from observations of the common wireless channel. However, key disagreement usually occurs due to the estimation errors. Considering a guard band, the key disagreement rate (KDR) is firstly derived in a closed‐form expression. Although increasing the size of the guard band can decrease KDR; the length of the raw key bit sequence is also shortened. To evaluate such an effect, the raw key generation rate is defined and derived. The simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and are useful for the determination of pilot power and guard band size.
Beam‐forming capabilities of a plasma circular reflector antenna
Authors: Melazzi Davide , De Carlo Paola , Trezzolani Fabio , Manente Marco , Capobianco Antonio‐Daniele , Boscolo Stefano
Published: August 2018

A gaseous plasma antenna array (PAA) is an aggregate of plasma discharges and possibly conventional metallic radiating elements, and it constitutes a promising alternative to metallic antennas for applications in which fast reconfiguration of radiation pattern, and gain is desired; such properties can be achieved by exploiting the electronic switch on/off condition of plasma discharges, and tuning of the plasma parameters. Here, the authors present a reconfigurable PAA that features a central metallic half‐wavelength dipole working around 1.45 GHz, surrounded by a planar circular lattice of cylindrical plasma discharges. Customised plasma discharges have been realised, and filled with argon gas at 2 mbar so as to have a complete control on the plasma discharge properties (e.g. plasma frequency, collisional frequency). The magnitude of the reflection coefficient, and the gain pattern on the H‐plane have been investigated numerically and experimentally; numerical and experimental results exhibit a good agreement and show that the central intrinsically omnidirectional antenna can provide simple beamforming capabilities upon turning on a subset of plasma discharges; as these plasma discharges are turned on, the authors have observed a maximum gain of ∼5 dBi, a half‐power beam width of , and an angular steering resolution of ∼.
Generation of optical frequency combs using a photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Francis Henry , Chen Si , Ho Chi‐Hua , Che Kai‐Jun , Wang Yun‐Ran , Hopkinson Mark , Jin Chao‐Yuan
Published: August 2018

Using cascaded intensity and phase modulators to achieve frequency combs is a common technique. However, this technique has not yet been employed to achieve optical frequency combs (OFCs) at the nanoscale. A theoretical model based on temporal coupled mode theory is developed to simulate an all‐optical photonic crystal modulator. The concepts used to generate an OFC based on electro‐optic modulators are then extended to the nanophotonic domain. It is theoretically proven that an OFC can be generated via all optical modulation of nanophotonic devices.
Super heat deflection resistance stereocomplex crystallisation of PLA system achieved by selective laser sintering
Authors: Wu Jinzhe , Yang Runhuai , Zheng Jinjin , Wang Xiang
Published: August 2018

Polylacite (PLA) is a bioresorbable polymer with potential application for bone tissue repair; however, low heat distortion temperature (HDT) limits its biomedical applications. Due to the low‐melting point of PLA, only fused deposition modelling (FDM) was used as a rapid prototyping technology to form PLA products. Here, the work presents a PLA stereocomplex formation which was facilitated by melt blending PLA and poly(D‐lactide). The melting point was successfully increased to 219.2°C. Besides, the PLA stereocomplex‐based three‐dimensional scaffold was formed by selective laser sintering (SLS). The parameters of SLS (energy density, scan speed, scan spacing, preheating temperature etc.) were also optimised by comparing the microstructure. Compared with the FDM, the SLS provides many benefits for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds due to its rough powder surface. Results show that the PLA stereocomplex was successfully obtained and crystallinity of the stereocomplex was 59.7%.
CPz: Classification-aided photometric-redshift estimation
Authors: Fotopoulou S. , Paltani S.
Published: August 2018

Broadband photometry offers a time and cost effective method to reconstruct the continuum emission of celestial objects. Thus, photometric redshift estimation has supported the scientific exploitation of extragalactic multiwavelength surveys for more than twenty years. Deep fields have been the backbone of galaxy evolution studies and have brought forward a collection of various approaches in determining photometric redshifts. In the era of precision cosmology, with the upcoming Euclid and LSST surveys, very tight constraints are put on the expected performance of photometric redshift estimation using broadband photometry, thus new methods have to be developed in order to reach the required performance. We present a novel automatic method of optimizing photometric redshift performance, the classification-aided photometric redshift estimation (CPz). The main feature of CPz is the unified treatment of all classes of objects detected in extragalactic surveys: galaxies of any type (passive, starforming and starbursts), active galactic nuclei (AGN), quasi-stellar objects (QSO), stars and also includes the identification of potential photometric redshift catastrophic outliers. The method operates in three stages. First, the photometric catalog is confronted with star, galaxy and QSO model templates by means of spectral energy distribution fitting. Second, three machine-learning classifiers are used to identify 1) the probability of each source to be a star, 2) the optimal photometric redshift model library set-up for each source and 3) the probability to be a photometric redshift catastrophic outlier. Lastly, the final sample is assembled by identifying the probability thresholds to be applied on the outcome of each of the three classifiers. Hence, with the final stage we can create a sample appropriate for a given science case, for example favoring purity over completeness. We apply our method to the near-infrared VISTA public surveys, matched with optical photometry from CFHTLS, KIDS and SDSS, mid-infrared WISE photometry and ultra-violet photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). We show that CPz offers improved photometric redshift performance for both normal galaxies and AGN without the need for extra X-ray information.
Detection of spatially structured scattering polarization of Sr I 4607.3 Å with the Fast Solar Polarimeter
Authors: Zeuner F. , Feller A. , Iglesias F. A. , Solanki S. K.
Published: August 2018

Context. Scattering polarization in the Sr I 4607.3 Å line observed with high resolution is an important diagnostic of the Sun’s atmosphere and magnetism at small spatial scales. Investigating the scattering polarization altered by the Hanle effect is key to constraining the role of small-scale magnetic activity in solar atmospheric activity and energy balance. At present, spatially resolved observations of this diagnostic are rare and have not been reported as close to the disk center as for μ = 0.6.

Aims. Our aim is to measure the scattering polarization in the Sr I line at μ = 0.6 and to identify the spatial fluctuations with a statistical approach.

Methods. Using the Fast Solar Polarimeter (FSP) mounted on the TESOS filtergraph at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) in Tenerife, Spain, we measured both the spatially resolved full Stokes parameters of the Sr I line at μ = 0.6 and the center-to-limb variation of the spatially averaged Stokes parameters.

Results. We find that the center-to-limb variation of the scattering polarization in the Sr I line measured with FSP is consistent with previous measurements. A statistical analysis of Stokes Q/I (i.e., the linear polarization component parallel to the solar limb), sampled with 0.16″ pixel−1 in the line core of Sr I reveals that the signal strength is inversely correlated with the intensity in the continuum. We find stronger linear polarimetric signals corresponding to dark areas in the Stokes I continuum image (intergranular lanes). In contrast, independent measurements at μ = 0.3 show a positive correlation of Q/I with respect to the continuum intensity. We estimate that the subregion diameter responsible for the excess Q/I signal is on the order of 0.5″–1″.

Conclusions. The presented observations and the statistical analysis of Q/I signals at μ = 0.6 complement reported scattering polarization observations as well as simulations. The FSP has proven to be a suitable instrument to measure spatially resolved scattering polarization signals. In the future, a systematic center-to-limb series of observations with subgranular spatial resolution and increased polarimetric sensitivity (<10−3) compared to that in the present study is needed in order to investigate the change in trend with μ that the comparison of our results with the literature suggests.
3D shape of Orion A from Gaia DR2
Authors: Großschedl Josefa E. , Alves João , Meingast Stefan , Ackerl Christine , Ascenso Joana , Bouy Hervé , Burkert Andreas , Forbrich Jan , Fürnkranz Verena , Goodman Alyssa , Hacar Álvaro , Herbst-Kiss Gabor , Lada Charles J. , Larreina Irati , Leschinski Kieran , Lombardi Marco , Moitinho André , Mortimer Daniel , Zari Eleonora
Published: August 2018

We use the Gaia DR2 distances of about 700 mid-infrared selected young stellar objects in the benchmark giant molecular cloud Orion A to infer its 3D shape and orientation. We find that Orion A is not the fairly straight filamentary cloud that we see in (2D) projection, but instead a cometary-like cloud oriented toward the Galactic plane, with two distinct components: a denser and enhanced star-forming (bent) Head, and a lower density and star-formation quieter ∼75 pc long Tail. The true extent of Orion A is not the projected ∼40 pc but ∼90 pc, making it by far the largest molecular cloud in the local neighborhood. Its aspect ratio (∼30:1) and high column-density fraction (∼45%) make it similar to large-scale Milky Way filaments (“bones”), despite its distance to the galactic mid-plane being an order of magnitude larger than typically found for these structures.
Good Practices in School to Educate Critical Citizens. The Youth Parliament programme from the perspective of secondary school teachers in training*
Authors: Moreno-Fernández Olga , Puig-Gutiérrez María , González-Monteagudo José
Published: August 2018

This paper refers to the European project Erasmus + ELEF (European Learning Environment Formats for Citizenship and Democracy, Reference number 580426). The aim of this project is to develop, implement, evaluate and replicate democratic and innovative learning environments (good practices) in both educational institutions and informal and community learning environments. In this context, over the course of a year, a number of experiences considered relevant have been selected, which constitute the sample of this research on good practices. This contribution presents the educational programme “Youth Parliament”. This is a project with a long history and whose main objective is to train responsible citizens, with the collaboration of various educational agents. The evaluation carried out by the Secondary Education teachers in training on the potentialities and limitations of the programme is shown, based on the experiences carried out in the participating educational centres during the academic year 2016-2017.
Determinants of unemployment in less developed countries
Authors: Riaz Asma , Zafar Fareeha
Published: August 2018

Unemployment is a major issue all over the world in both developed and under developed countries. This study analyzes those factors which determine unemployment in Pakistan. The data is taken from1990-2015 to see the empirical relationship between GDP, Population, Technical & Vocational education, degree colleges and universities enrollment. ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributed Lag) approach is used to check the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan. Long run results show that there is a negative relationship between GDP and unemployment. Population has positive and significant relation and technical & vocational education has positive and insignificant relation with unemployment in Pakistan. The results of Short run ECM-1(Error correction model) show that the negative and significant relationship with unemployment. The CUSUM and CUSUMQ (Graph) are represent that model is structurally stable within critical bound at 5% level of significance.
Total quality management applications in sports and an application on Kocaeli amateur sports club federation sports clubs
Authors: Demir Ayşe , Sertbaş Kürşad
Published: August 2018

In this study, the quality management systems in sports clubs were handled specifically for amateur sports clubs and the perceptions of sports club managers regarding quality management systems were searched. The aim of the research is to determine whether the applications for total quality management in amateur sports clubs are implemented effectively and efficiently and to determine the precursors which have an impact on total quality management processes simultaneously. The scale developed by Özdemir (2015) was used to determine the perception of Total Quality Management in sports clubs as a measurement tool in the research. The survey sample is composed of 123 managers, including 4 female (3,3%) and 119 male (96,7%) volunteers who act as managers in the clubs operating under the Kocaeli Amateur Sports Clubs Federation and voluntarily respond to the questionnaires. Analyzes of the collected data using the total quality scale (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0,970). It is found that amateur sports clubs are positive towards the applicability of total quality management processes, whereas amateur sports clubs are positive about the applicability of total quality management processes, it is predicted that managers have sports history (μ = 4,022> μ = 3,98) The positive attitude towards the applicability of total quality management processes in the clubs was not the result of the managers being trained in sport management and quality system (μ = 3.99> μ = 4,03).
English language teaching for students of management of travel and tourism
Authors: Kacetl Jaroslav
Published: August 2018

English has become the lingua franca in a lot of areas, including tourism industry. The aim of this contribution was to explain the way English is taught to students of Management of Travel and Tourism at the Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The basic teaching approaches were described, and justified. Methods of collecting as well as creating teaching materials were exemplified. The resulting syllabi should be implemented in the coming years. Prior to this implementation, the whole curriculum of Management of Travel and Tourism has to be revised as the new accreditation is due in 2019. The new approach takes into account the fact that people working in tourism need to master especially speaking and listening as they are expected to communicate with foreigners.
Turkish adaptation of the comprehensive inventory of mindfulness experiences- adolescents: A reliability and validity study
Authors: Kırca Beyza , Ekşi Halil
Published: August 2018

In this study, it was aimed to adapt the Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences-Adolescents into Turkish, and to analyze the measure’s validity and reliability. The sample of the study consisted of 415 high school students. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original eight-factor structure. Cronbach alpha coefficient for the overall scale is 0.70 and the coefficients differ from 0.48 to 0.69 for the sub-scales. Corrected item-total correlations are found to be between 0.20 and 0.55. The convergent and divergent validity was examined and statistically significant relations were found. The study showed that the Turkish adaptation of The Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences-Adolescents is a reliable and valid scale for measuring mindfulness in adolescents.
Adaptation of the proposed unit system for third year architectural design studio
Authors: Bozkurt Eray
Published: August 2018

Architectural design studios aim to teach students the fundamental design thinking. Well-structured studio may help the students to explore the global responses and develop projects focused on the current conditions of the society. This study focuses on the adaptation of the proposed unit system for third year architectural design studio. The adaptation process of the proposed unit system analyzed with the description of the previous system. This study discusses the positive outcomes of the new proposed unit teaching method at School of Architecture, Yasar University.
Steps to improve gender diversity in coastal geoscience and engineering
Authors: Vila-Concejo Ana , Gallop Shari L. , Hamylton Sarah M. , Esteves Luciana S. , Bryan Karin R. , Delgado-Fernandez Irene , Guisado-Pintado Emilia , Joshi Siddhi , da Silva Graziela Miot , Ruiz de Alegria-Arzaburu Amaia , Power Hannah E. , Senechal Nadia , Splinter Kristen
Published: August 2018

Robust data are the base of effective gender diversity policy. Evidence shows that gender inequality is still pervasive in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Coastal geoscience and engineering (CGE) encompasses professionals working on coastal processes, integrating expertise across physics, geomorphology, engineering, planning and management. The article presents novel results of gender inequality and experiences of gender bias in CGE, and proposes practical steps to address it. It analyses the gender representation in 9 societies, 25 journals, and 10 conferences in CGE and establishes that women represent 30% of the international CGE community, yet there is under-representation in prestige roles such as journal editorial board members (15% women) and conference organisers (18% women). The data show that female underrepresentation is less prominent when the path to prestige roles is clearly outlined and candidates can self-nominate or volunteer instead of the traditional invitation-only pathway. By analysing the views of 314 survey respondents (34% male, 65% female, and 1% ‘‘other’’), we show that 81% perceive the lack of female role models as a key hurdle for gender equity, and a significantly larger proportion of females (47%) felt held back in their careers due to their gender in comparison with males (9%). The lack of women in prestige roles and senior positions contributes to 81% of survey respondents perceiving the lack of female role models in CGE as a key hurdle for gender equality. While it is clear that having more women as role models is important, this is not enough to effect change. Here seven practical steps towards achieving gender equity in CGE are presented: (1) Advocate for more women in prestige roles; (2) Promote high-achieving females; (3) Create awareness of gender bias; (4) Speak up; (5) Get better support for return to work; (6) Redefine success; and, (7) Encourage more women to enter the discipline at a young age. Some of these steps can be successfully implemented immediately (steps 1–4), while others need institutional engagement and represent major societal overhauls. In any case, these seven practical steps require actions that can start immediately.
Universal expression for droplet–fiber detachment force
Authors: Farhan Noor M. , Vahedi Tafreshi H.
Published: August 2018

The study reported here is devised to formulate the force required to detach a droplet from a fiber in terms of fiber and droplet physical dimensions and wetting properties. More specifically, a series of experiments were conducted to detach ferrofluid droplets from fibers with different diameters and Young–Laplace contact angles (YLCAs) in a controlled magnetic field and to measure their detachment force. Numerical simulation was conducted to complement the experiment and also to provide validation and insights into the balance of forces acting on a detaching droplet. Our analysis starts with proposing a series of expressions that relate droplet detachment force to its geometrical dimensions at the moment of detachment (at the final equilibrium state before spontaneous detachment). To circumvent the need for conducting experiments or computer simulations to obtain these geometric dimensions, we developed a mathematical relationship that uses an existing set of detachment force data, obtained for an arbitrary droplet–fiber system, to predict the force of detachment for the droplet–fiber system at hand. To further facilitate the use of the above relationship, we used our own data to create an easy-to-use correlation for detachment force. This semi-empirical correlation can be used universally for droplet detachment force prediction without the need for running an experiment or a computer simulation for YLCAs greater than about 20°.
Apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air
Authors: Sosnin E. A. , Naidis G. V. , Tarasenko V. F. , Skakun V. S. , Panarin V. A. , Babaeva N. Yu. , Baksht E. Kh. , Kuznetsov V. S.
Published: August 2018

New experimental and computational data on apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air, including a detailed description of the research techniques used, are presented. It has been shown that plasma bullets–streamers in apokamps at low frequencies could start not only from the bright offshoot but also directly from the discharge channel. The experimental and computational data demonstrate that the visual color of apokamp changes from blue to red as the intensity ratio of the second to the first positive nitrogen system decreases with the decreasing pressure.
Single, double, and triple quantum dots in Ge/Si nanowires
Authors: Froning F. N. M. , Rehmann M. K. , Ridderbos J. , Brauns M. , Zwanenburg F. A. , Li A. , Bakkers E. P. A. M. , Zumbühl D. M. , Braakman F. R.
Published: August 2018

We report highly tunable control of holes in Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. We demonstrate the ability to create single quantum dots of various sizes, with low hole occupation numbers and clearly observable excited states. For the smallest dot size, we observe indications of single-hole occupation. Moreover, we create double and triple tunnel-coupled quantum dot arrays. In the double quantum dot configuration, we observe Pauli spin blockade. These results open the way to perform hole spin qubit experiments in these devices.
Opportunistic Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Size and Muscle Attenuation on Computed Tomography Predicts 1-Year Mortality in Medicare Patients
Authors: Lenchik Leon , Lenoir Kristin M , Tan Josh , Boutin Robert D , Callahan Kathryn E , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Wells Brian J
Published: August 2018

Background

Opportunistic assessment of sarcopenia on CT examinations is becoming increasingly common. This study aimed to determine relationships between CT-measured skeletal muscle size and attenuation with 1-year risk of mortality in older adults enrolled in a Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP).

Methods

Relationships between skeletal muscle metrics and all-cause mortality were determined in 436 participants (52% women, mean age 75 years) who had abdominopelvic CT examinations. On CT images, skeletal muscles were segmented at the level of L3 using two methods: (a) all muscles with a threshold of −29 to +150 Hounsfield units (HU), using a dedicated segmentation software, (b) left psoas muscle using a free-hand region of interest tool on a clinical workstation. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle attenuation were measured. Cox regression models were fit to determine the associations between muscle metrics and mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking status, cancer diagnosis, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Results

Within 1 year of follow-up, 20.6% (90/436) participants died. In the fully-adjusted model, higher muscle index and muscle attenuation were associated with lower risk of mortality. A one-unit standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with a HR = 0.69 (95% CI = 0.49, 0.96; p = .03) for total muscle index, HR = 0.67 (95% CI = 0.49, 0.90; p < .01) for psoas muscle index, HR = 0.54 (95% CI = 0.40, 0.74; p < .01) for total muscle attenuation, and HR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.66, 0.95; p = .01) for psoas muscle attenuation.

Conclusion

In older adults, higher skeletal muscle index and muscle attenuation on abdominopelvic CT examinations were associated with better survival, after adjusting for multiple risk factors.
Pine-Hardwood Mixtures—A New Concept in Regeneration
Authors: Phillips Douglas R. , Abercrombie James A.
Published: August 2018

Spring felling of standing residuals left after a commercial clearcut, controlled burning the following summer, and hand planting of approximately 450 pine seedlings per acre can produce productive pine-hardwood mixtures on many medium sites in the Southeast. Stand establishment costs are approximately one-half that for conventional pine plantations using intensive site-preparation techniques. These stands have the potential to enhance wildlife, increase forest diversity, improve visual attractiveness, and provide good overall productivity. Early growth of individual pine trees on three study sites was approximately equal to that of pines growing in pure pine plantations of the same age. After 4 growing seasons, 304 to 414 free-to-grow shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata Mill.) per acre in the study stands averaged 7.9 to 9.3 feet in total height. Oaks (Quercus L. spp.), the predominant hardwood component of the stands, averaged 4.8 to 6.4 feet in total height after 4 years. If correctly applied, this new regeneration technique has the potential to bring many thousands of acres under management that presently are left unattended following harvest. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):192-197.
Rarity of a Fungal Pathogen and a Parasitic Flowering Plant Versus the Commonness of a Mycorrhizal Fungus in Pecan Orchards in New Mexico
Authors: Sanogo Soum , Lujan Phillip
Published: August 2018

This study documents the occurrence of the fungal pathogen Inonotus rickii, which causes wood rot or heart rot; the leafy mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum (subsp. macrophyllum); and the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius in pecan orchards in southern New Mexico. The prevalence of orchards with I. rickii and P. tomentosum was low (3.3 to 3.6%). To our knowledge, I. rickii has not been previously described in association with pecan in New Mexico and the United States. Although the occurrence of P. tomentosum on pecan has been documented in the southeastern United States, it has not been reported in New Mexico. In contrast to the rarity of I. rickii and P. tomentosum, the mycorrhiza P. tinctorius was commonly found in pecan orchards surveyed. With the expansion of the pecan industry in New Mexico, it is important to continually monitor pecan orchards for emerging pests and pathogens that may impose an economic threat to production and to enhance the proliferation of biological entities with known beneficial properties for pecan health.
Mettl14 is required for mouse postimplantation development by facilitating epiblast maturation
Authors: Meng Tie-Gang , Lu Xukun , Guo Lei , Hou Guan-Mei , Ma Xue-Shan , Li Qian-Nan , Huang Lin , Fan Li-Hua , Zhao Zheng-Hui , Ou Xiang-Hong , Yang Ying-Chun Ou , Schatten Heide , Li Lei , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: August 2018

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent and reversible internal modification of mammalian messenger and noncoding RNAs mediated by specific m6A writer, reader, and eraser proteins. As an m6A writer, the methyltransferase‐like 3‐methyltransferase–like 14 (METTL14)–Wilms tumor 1–associated protein complex dynamically regulates m6A modification and plays important roles in diverse biologic processes. However, our knowledge about the complete functions of this RNA methyltransferase complex, the contributions of each component to the methylation, and their effects on different biologic pathways are still limited. By using both in vivo and in vitro models, we here report that METTL14 is indispensable for postimplantation embryonic development by facilitating the conversion from naive to primed state of the epiblast. Depletion of Mettl14 leads to conspicuous embryonic growth retardation from embryonic d 6.5, mainly as a result of resistance to differentiation, which further leads to embryonic lethality early in gestation. Our data highlight the critical function of METTL14 as an m6A modification regulator in orchestrating early mouse embryogenesis.—Meng, T.‐G., Lu, X., Guo, L., Hou, G.‐M., Ma, X.‐S., Li, Q.‐N., Huang, L., Fan, L.‐H., Zhao, Z.‐H, Ou, X.‐H., OuYang, Y.‐C., Schatten, H., Li, L., Wang, Z.‐B., Sun, Q.‐Y. Mettl14 is required for mouse postimplantation development by facilitating epiblast maturation. FASEB J. 33, 1179–1187 (2019). www.fasebj.org