bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Physical Therapy Device for Lower Leg Recovery
Authors: Khemani Ashna , Hahm Katie
Published: June 2022

Currently, some physical therapy requires another person to assist in exercises that rehabilitate patients with leg injuries such as sprains and fractures. In this paper, we propose a device that can help strengthen muscles that have weakened due to injury without the help of another person. The device is portable and can be used in a home setting, and the amount of resistance it provides can be adjusted by the patient. We suggest a design that aids patients in lower leg rehabilitation and can adjust for the patient’s preference in exercise type and intensity.
Analysis of an 8-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit using Logisim Emulator
Authors: Tuo Alvin , Zhu Yong
Published: June 2022

Computers have become an increasingly integral part of our daily lives. This has been a culmination of nearly a century’s work of mathematicians and engineers pushing the boundaries of what machines are capable of doing. Despite the ubiquity and prominence of computers, not many people understand the fundamental components. This is especially important now, as we are on the brink of a fundamental shift in the architecture of computers: from x86-based CPUs to low power, high efficiency RISC/ARM based processors. The technical study conducted below is an attempt to understand CPU functionality as well as search for areas of possible efficiency. This paper will dive in-depth on the fundamentals of computer components through use of early breadboard-type circuitry and the use of LS IC chips, as well as Logisim® simulator to analyze these components, in particular the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Placement in U.S. Government and its Implications
Authors: Liu Elaine , Agles Avery
Published: June 2022

Government placement of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a marine and weather research agency, under the Department of Commerce (DOC) has long been a source of debate. Many argue that NOAA belongs under the Department of the Interior (DOI), an environmental executive department, rather than the DOC. Here, we attempt to describe the political and scientific implications of NOAA’s placement. We start by outlining the roles of US executive departments and agencies in environmental policy. A review of NOAA’s history and its placement in the DOC shows past political impact on the agency, as NOAA’s mission shifts when a new administration takes office. The possible implications of moving NOAA into the DOI is analyzed as compared to the movement of the US Fish and Wildlife Service from the US Department of Agriculture to the DOI. Despite known issues with NOAA’s placement in the DOC, placement in the DOI brings up issues that show the pros of NOAA being under the DOC. Political and industrial influence on NOAA under the DOC is further examined in an effort to identify a better placement for NOAA.
Oral Cancer
Authors: Chutanopmanee Radaporn , Maneesilp Sirayawadee , Wongsirilert Nonthasorn , Zhang Jason
Published: June 2022

Oral cancer or mouth cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the oral cavity, resulting in the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that damage the surrounding tissue. There are several factors that accelerate oral cancer, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, genetic influences, UV light and substance use. Abnormalities, namely white or reddish patches, lumps and chronic sores in the oral cavity, may be noticed by the patient. Nowadays, many means of treatment are available, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs. However, the risk factors can affect people at different levels. The treatment will be applied individually depending on personal physical and mental health conditions. Furthermore, most of the treatments rely on modern technology, they are progressively developing to maximize their efficiency. This article aims to provide an overview of cancer, oral cavity, diagnosis, complications, medical treatments and self-prevention to avoid risk factors. Overall, the authors have analysed and reorganised so that the audience has a broader understanding of this disease.
Canada’s Future Pandemic Plan: A Reflection of COVID-19
Authors: Xu Emily
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is one of the most recent and devastating pandemic the world is facing. Canada, despite preparation with developing national and provincial pandemic plans, experiencing a delay of transmission of COVID-19, and maintaining international connections, Canada experienced disappointing challenges. This paper evaluates COVID-19 and Canada's actions towards research, surveillance, health care, case tracking, vaccines, and social communication, as a measure of evaluation on Canada’s preparedness. Here a combination of data is used, including statistics of Canada’s case/death count, along with analysis of many other countries around the world, including South Korea, Israel, and the United States. With many countries implementing various regulations at different time periods during the growth of COVID-19, this paper considers and interprets the importance of various government interventions. SARS-CoV-2 is extremely transmissible and mutable, emphasizing the importance of rapid efforts to mitigate impacts and to focus on the most vulnerable. As COVID-19 continues to evolve, without any effective control measures, Canada would continue to see a disproportionate influence of COVID-19. Additionally, since a future pandemic is unavoidable, the COVID-19 pandemic is an amazing event that showcases Canada’s places of improvement and development. This proposed plan outlines elements that Canada should consider, as we continue to fight against SARS-CoV-2, and for the future epidemics/pandemics.
Quantitative Comparison of a Hierarchy of Commonly Used Planetary Climate Energy Balance Models
Authors: Dasgupta Mihir , Monteiro Joy Merwin
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of the various simplifications inherent in commonly-used planetary energy balance climate models (EBMs). Specifically, we look at the zero-dimensional (0-d) radiative equilibrium model, the 1-d radiative equilibrium model, and the 1-d radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) model. Each of these models make fundamental steps towards a well-represented Earth system model, and make different simplifications and assumptions in the process. We seek to evaluate the effects these assumptions have on key thermal quantities of the system (OLR / outgoing longwave radiation, surface temperature, etc.). These evaluations lead us to identify contexts for each model wherein it remains a valid option to accurately replicate a system. The 0-d model fails to account for the greenhouse effect’s impact on energetics, thus predicting an erroneously-low surface temperature and low OLR. It instead requires an emissivity coefficient ~ 0.619 to balance OLR and temperature and model the Earth system. The 1-d radiative equilibrium model is a significant improvement on its predecessor, creating a stratospheric thermal profile reasonably similar to that of the Earth. The strong low-altitude temperature lapse rate and convective instability near the surface, however, slightly diminishes the validity of the low-level thermal profile – a drawback the RCE model appears to resolve with the addition of convective and boundary layer components. We conclude that the 0-d radiative equilibrium is best suited to isothermal atmospheres, the 1-d radiative equilibrium model to non-isothermal atmospheres where convection is suppressed, and the 1-d RCE model to convectively-active atmospheres.
Assessing Tic Disorders in Children with ADHD from a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Levine Benjamin , Levine Brian , Beltecas Steven
Published: June 2022

Successful treatments exist for both ADHD and tics, but minimal research has been done on treatments that treat tics in children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to analyze data from a nationally-representative sample of children with ADHD to determine characteristics and demographic factors that maximize tic prevalence and find the most beneficial treatments for those with tics.

The data used was from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome, a follow-up to the National Survey of Children’s Health, conducted by the CDC. The focus of data analysis was to assess tic prevalence in children with ADHD and different demographic characteristics as well as treatment prevalence among demographics and their effects on children with tic disorders.

                Males seven years or younger and in families at or below the federal poverty level were most likely to have tics. Rates of tic decline were highest in older children and children in families with income substantially above the poverty line. Antipsychotic medications, peer intervention and dietary supplements were found to be significantly more beneficial to school performance of children with ADHD and tic disorders than children without tics.

                Based on the sample, a combination of antipsychotics, peer intervention and dietary supplements is likely the best option for children with ADHD and tics. Future clinical studies should prioritize treating comorbid disorders before the perceived primary disorder. Comorbid disorders are often the root cause of problems that can exacerbate symptoms and require intense treatment and care.
EarBloom: A Bio-Inspired Intersection of High-Fidelity Hearing Protection and Fashion Technology
Authors: Youhanaie Kayla , Vidhun Tanya , Mui Bryan , Yu Yin
Published: June 2022

Noise pollution has become an increasingly prevalent issue due to audio digitization in the modern world and can cause permanent damage to the ear. However, currently available hearing protection devices distort sound attenuation and are unpopular because they lack comfort and aesthetic appeal. Soft robotics enable new possibilities for morphological hearing protection that, when integrated with fashion, offer a modern and artistic solution. In this paper, we present EarBloom as a solution to combat hearing damage. Inspired by the natural blooming of a flower, EarBloom's folding actuation and high-fidelity chambers were designed and tested in 3D modeling software and utilize electrical stimuli to protect the ear automatically. EarBloom is an innovative, soft-robotic approach to hearing protection that integrates automatic protection, uniform attenuation, and aesthetic appeal.
The Effect of Intersectionality on Bisexual People’s Connection to Queer Characters
Authors: Hyde Christian , O'Connor Collin
Published: June 2022

In recent years, LGBTQ representation has surged in entertainment media. While this is important for many reasons, seeing other queer characters in movies and TV shows is known to cause a positive emotional response and a connection of the person to that character. While this phenomenon has been well studied, there is no information on how additional shared identities affect connection. This paper delves into how intersectionality places a role in the connection that bisexual people have towards queer characters in entertainment media. It uses the narrative method to assess the personal experiences of bisexual people of varying races, ages, and genders to the extent that one's race, age, or gender aligning with that of a queer character affects their connection to that character. Bisexual people were interviewed about their general connection to queer characters and then were asked to what extent would that character’s race, age, or gender aligning with their own would affect their connection. The results revealed that more marginalized races and gender identities experienced stronger connections to the characters when their race or gender aligned with the characters. Additionally, age was found to be more of a factor for youth than it was for older people. The research concluded that intersecting marginalized identities strengthened one’s emotional connection to queer characters more than common racial or gender identities.
Improving Home-Based Physical Therapy Treatments: Examining the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Eiche Edward , Matney Kelly
Published: June 2022

While recent advancements have been made regarding physical therapy techniques and effectiveness, patient adherence to prescribed home exercise programs (HEPs)--a critical piece of successful physical therapy outcomes--remains low. There is growing evidence that establishing a good relationship and line of communication with patients is just as important as hard skill medical training when trying to improve patient adherence to treatment regimens. As more focus is given to the “human” elements of physical therapy, a vast array of training methods and programs have emerged as educators attempt to prepare their students for a career heavily contingent on creating healthy relationships between patients and their therapist. Unlike previous research meant to evaluate the efficacy of such programs, this study aims through semi-structured interviews to (a) examine the availability of such training in a particular geographic area, and (b) serve as a baseline for future research to gain a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses different regions have in terms of relationship and communication training. Findings indicate that in Southwest Missouri, adherence to HEPs matches previous data and that little explicit educational focus is given to improving the doctor-patient relationship. However, interviewees indicated that there are many implicit elements in their education that effectively improved their relationship skills, and that explicit focus is steadily increasing. This study is successful in taking the first step in evaluating what it will take to standardize relationship and communication education among physical therapists.
Valoración de recursos digitales y competencias desarrolladas por docentes de ingeniería en tiempos de virtualidad
Authors: Mirta Chan Débora , Kanobel María Cristina , Galli María Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Este artículo describe características del profesorado de carreras de ingeniería de Argentina en época de pandemia en relación con los recursos que incorporan en sus prácticas y su valoración sobre sus competencias digitales. Se implementó un estudio cuantitativo con enfoque descriptivo-correlacional. Participaron 327 docentes con representación nacional quienes respondieron un cuestionario autoadministrado. La muestra presenta características heterogéneas en la antigüedad docente, en la experiencia en el uso de herramientas digitales y en el tipo, variedad y cantidad de recursos que incorporan. Se hallaron altos niveles de autopercepción en las competencias digitales especialmente en los grupos más jóvenes. Se encontró asociación de la autopercepción con la edad, la antigüedad docente, la cantidad de herramientas digitales y de redes sociales que el profesorado utiliza. Se hallaron reglas de asociación entre algunas herramientas digitales que suele utilizar el profesorado masculino del área que explicarían la inclusión de herramientas de simulación en sus prácticas.
Perspectivas sobre calidad e innovación en la Educación Superior. Una mirada crítica
Authors: Zeledón Ruiz María del Pilar , Castro Umaña Carlos , Araya Vargas Zaida
Published: June 2022

Este artículo presenta la mirada crítica de once expertos en gestión de la calidad e innovación provenientes de prestigiosas Universidades, Facultades y Escuelas de Negocios de países como España, México, Colombia y Costa Rica. Se trata de reconocer desde su criterio, la importancia de la calidad y la innovación en la Educación Superior, las lecciones aprendidas derivadas de estas experiencias, las tendencias actuales y su visión prospectiva. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter descriptivo, bajo un enfoque cualitativo que apoyado en el Método Delphi, recoge estas percepciones mediante una entrevista cara a cara, la cual fue realizada de forma presencial o con el soporte de una plataforma virtual, dada medida sanitaria se atendió, en la última etapa del proceso investigativo, frente a la situación generada por la pandemia del COVID 19. Para el procesamiento y análisis de la información se utilizó la herramienta ATLAS.ti versión 8.4.24.0. Los resultados evidencian que, la complementariedad de la innovación y la calidad resulta vital para la gestión y sostenibilidad de las universidades, llamadas a ser motores del desarrollo de cualquier país. Este binomio contribuye a la eficacia y eficiencia, a la generación de puentes y redes de cooperación estratégica, a la gestión del cambio y la apertura de oportunidades para el florecimiento de la humanidad.
Surxon nasrida davr muammolari tasviri
Authors: Eshnazarova Sohiba
Published: June 2022

Maqolada Surxon adabiyotining zabardast vakillaridan biri Safar Kokilovning “Konsilium” hamda “Bir majlisda” deb nomlangan hajviyalarida davr muammolarining badiiy aks etishi yoritib berilgan.
In this article, we cover the history of the noma genre, the factors that led to its origin, its entry into Turkish literature, and its acquisition of a certain tradition. There is also talk of artists who have made invaluable contributions to the development of this genre. In particular, in connection with the subject, more emphasis is placed on the art of composition, compositional structure, writing reasons of Yusuf Amiri's "Dahnoma". The development of this genre will also focus on the work of Ubaydi, known for several of his names. Turkiy adabiyotda nomanavislik an’analari
Authors: Odilova Shohsanam , Xolmatov Olimjon
Published: June 2022

Biz ushbu maqolamizda noma janri tarixi, uning kelib chiqishiga asos bo’lgan omillar, turkiy adabiyotga kirib kelishi hamda ma’lum bir an’anaviylik kasb etishi o’z aksini topgan. Bundan tashqari, bu janr rivojiga o’zlarining beqiyos hissalarini qo’shishgan ijodkorlar to’g’risida ham so’z boradi. Xususan, mavzu bilan bog’liq ravishda Yusuf Amiriyning “Dahnoma”si badiiyati, kompozitsion qurilishi, yozilish sabablariga ko’proq urg’u beriladi. Shuningdek, bu janr takomilida o’zining bir qancha nomalari bilan mashhur Ubaydiyning ijodi ham muhokamaga tortiladi.
A comparison of spatial and temporal variability of living benthic foraminiferal faunas at 550m depth in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Barras Christine , Fontanier Christophe , Jorissen Frans , Hohenegger Johann
Published: June 2022

We studied living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminiferal faunas of four replicate cores sampled at a 550m deep station in the Bay ofBiscay in May 2004. After combining our new datawith those collected by Fontanier et al. (2003) at the same station between October 1997 and April 2000, we performed statistical analyses (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) to assess the extent of spatial variability in comparison to temporal variability in our dataset. Replicate cores taken from a single multi-corer deployment and from two deployments were compared so that we could gain insight into spatial variability both at a micro- (less than 1m apart) and meso-scale (around 100m apart). The statistical analyses suggest that the scale of spatial variability is similar to that of temporal variability. Only the most prominent features of temporal variability (i.e. responses to major bloom events) can be recognised. Especially the species Uvigerina peregrina, and to a smaller extent Cibicidoides pachydermus and Siphogenerina columellaris, appear to respond to bulk phytodetritus deposits following surface water primary production maxima. Uvigerina peregrina showed only elevated densities in autumn 1997 and spring 2004, but not in the samples from spring 1999 and 2000. We suggest that these differences could be explained by a difference in the composition of the phytoplankton exported to the seafloor.
Spatial variability of live benthic foraminiferal faunas on the Portuguese margin
Authors: Griveaud C. , Jorissen F. , Anschutz P.
Published: June 2022

We investigated benthic foraminiferal densities, omposition, and microhabitats at three sampling stations on the Portuguese margin, at 980, 1860 and 3125m water depth. For each site, we studied two sets of three replicate cores, sampled during two successive multi-corer deployments. Our results show an overall trend of decreasing foraminiferal densities from the shallowest to the deepest site, in response to a decreasing labile organic matter flux to the sea floor. Faunas at 980m are strongly dominated by Uvigerina mediterranea, which shows a conspicuous faunal density maximum close to the sediment surface. At 1860m, the surface faunas are much poorer, and no longer dominated by a single taxon. Cibicidoides obertsonianus, C. kullenbergi, Uvigerina peregrina, Gavelinopsis translucens and Hoeglundina elegans are present in about equal quantities. The deep infaunal community at these two stations is dominated by Globobulimina affinis, and has comparable densities. At 3125m, the faunas are very poor in 5 of the 6 cores, and mainly consist of agglutinant taxa. At all three stations, important differences are observed between the 6 studied cores. At 980m, the faunal density is about 4 times higher in one of the cores, mainly due to high numbers of Uvigerina mediterranea. This could be explained by the position of this core in a topographical depression, where organic matter concentrates. At 1860m, two sets of three cores, taken during two successive multicorer deployments, contain different amounts of deep infaunal taxa. Finally, at 3125m, one of the 6 cores contains an exceptionally rich deep infaunal community (up to 450 individuals per 50cm), dominated by the calcareous taxa Fursenkoina bradyi, Globobulimina affinis and Chilostomella oolina. The fact that the subrecent fossil faunas of three studied cores from this site are all enriched in these taxa indicates that the observed high infaunal standing stocks are a recurrent phenomenon, in response to a currently unidentified process that strongly concentrates metabolisable organic matter in deeper sediment layers.
Calcareous benthic foraminiferal biofacies along a depth transect on the southwestern Marmara shelf (Turkey)
Authors: Phipps Mark D. , Kaminski Michael A.
Published: June 2022

A total of 200 calcareous benthic foraminiferal species were identified in 30 surface samples collected across a depth transect in the southwestern Marmara Sea. Q-mode cluster and canonical correspondence analyses performed on the foraminiferal species abundance data revealed three clusters. Environmental parameters collected at each sampling station allowed the correlation between foraminiferal clusters and watermass characteristics, such as water depth, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Cluster A (55–130 m) is characterized by species typical of muddy substrates in the circa-littoral zone and related to declining dissolved oxygen values. Cluster B (140–350m) is characterized by deep-infaunal dysoxic and suboxic species indicative of circa-littoral and upper epibathyal environments and strongly related to low dissolved oxygen values and increased water depth. Cluster C (15–50m) is characterized by neritic species typical of the infra-littoral environment. This cluster is further subdivided into three subclusters that reflect brackish surface flow (influenced by low salinity, higher temperature), pycnocline (rising salinity, falling temperature) and infra-littoral to circa-littoral transitional environments (higher oxygen from the Mediterranean countercurrent and the subsurface chlorophyll maximum), respectively.
Soft-shelled, monothalamous foraminifera from the oxic/anoxic interface (NW Black Sea)
Authors: Sergeeva Nelli G. , Gooday Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

We describe single-chambered (monothalamous), soft-shelled, benthic foraminifera from the lower oxygen-border zone to the upper hydrogen-sulfide-border zone (120 – 240m water depth) in theNWBlack Sea. The transect is situated inside the field of active methane seeps associated with the submarine Dnieper Canyon, although none of the samples are from the seeps themselves. Within this depth range, monothalamous foraminifera were more numerous than hard-shelled, multichambered taxa. Both groups reached their highest abundance between 150 and 170m,with a sharp peak at 160m.Atotal of 40 informal groupings (morphospecies or morphotypes) and one described species, of monothalamous foraminifera, either organic-walled ‘allogromiids’ or agglutinated ‘saccamminids’, was recognised. In all studied samples, they were found within the surficial detritus layer as well as the underlying 0-1cm sediment layer.
Preface and historical background to current research on foraminifera in Turkey
Authors: Ozcan Ercan
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Upper Maastrichtian – Eocene planktonic foraminiferal zonation in the Besparmak Range, Northern Cyprus
Authors: Hakyemez Aynur , Ozcan-Altiner Sevinc
Published: June 2022

The Lapta Group, Late Cretaceous-Middle Eocene in age, mainly consists of basal breccias, micritic limestones and clayey limestoneswith volcanic, calciturbidite and breccia interbeds. It unconformably overlies the Triassic-Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates in the Besparmak (Kyrenia) Range. The detailed study of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages obtained from three stratigraphic sections through the Lapta Group revealed six biozones: Racemiguembelina fructicosa Zone and Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone of Maastrichtian age; and Acarinina uncinata Zone (P2), Morozovella angulata Zone (P3), Globanomalina pseudomenardii Zone (P4) and Morozovella velascoensis Zone (P5) of Paleocene age. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and the lower part of the Danian including Guembelitria cretacea (P0), Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina (Pa) and Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina-Praemurcia uncinata (P1) zones have not been recorded. Absence of this interval has been attributed to the volcanic level between micritic limestones and clayey limestones in the lower part of the sequence. The clayey limestones of the Lapta Group are overlain by radiolarian calcareous mudstones which pass into alternating siltstone and sandstone of the Ardahan Formation. In contrast to the Lapta Group, the Ardahan Formation lacks zonal marker species and is characterized generally by poorly preserved, less diverse and less abundant planktonic foraminiferal assemblageswhich hamper biozonation. However, the occurrences of typical Middle Eocene planktonic foraminiferal taxa such as Acarinina bullbrooki (Bolli), Globigerinatheka kugleri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan), Globigerinatheka subconglobata (Shutskaya), Morozovella spinulosa (Cushman), Morozovella lehneri (Cushman and Jarvis), Truncorotaloides topilensis (Cushman) and Truncorotaloides rohri Bronnimann and Bermudez together with Turborotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis (Cole) and Globorotaloides suteri Bolli suggest a Bartonian age for the Ardahan Formation.
Middle Pleistocene sea surface temperature in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone: Paleoceanographic implications based on planktonic foraminifera
Authors: Laprida Cecilia , Chapori Natalia Garcia , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Violante Roberto A. , Watanabe Silvia , Totah Violetta
Published: June 2022

We reconstructed Middle Pleistocene surface hydrography in the western South Atlantic based on planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, modern analog technique and Globorotalia truncatulinoides isotopic ratios of core SP1251 (38o29.7Â´S / 53o40.7Â´W / 3400 m water depth). Biostratigraphic analysis suggests that sediments were deposited between 0.3 and 0.12 Ma and therefore correlate to Marine Isotopic Stage 6 or 8. Faunal assemblage-based winter and summer SST estimates suggest that the western South Atlantic at 38oS was 4-6oC colder than at present, within the expected range for a glacial interval. High relative abundances of subantarctic species, particularly the dominance of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left), support lower than present SSTs throughout the recorded period. The oxygen isotopic composition of G. truncatulinoides suggests a northward shift of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone and of the associated mid-latitude frontal system during this Middle Pleistocene cold period, and a stronger than present influence of superficial subantarctic waters and lowering in SSTs at our core site during the recorded Middle Pleistocene glacial.
Foraminifera from the Permian-Triassic transition in western Slovenia
Authors: Nestell Galina P. , Kolar-Jurkovsek Tea , Jurkovsek Bogdan , Aljinovic Dunja
Published: June 2022

Foraminifers from the Upper Permian Bellerophon Formation, Permian-Triassic "transitional beds" and lowermost Triassic "streaky limestone member" of the Luka Formation in the Luka dection, western Slovenia are described and illustrated. Four new species of foraminifers are described: Multidiscus zhiriensis, M. dinaridicus and Globivalvulina lukachiensis from the Upper Permian, and Lingulonodosaria slovenica from the lowermost Triassic. The assemblage of Late Permian foraminifers consists of species characteristic of the Changhsingian of many regions in the Tethys: northwestern Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Iran, Turkey, northern Italy, northwestern Serbia, northeastern Hungary, and South China. Unfortunately, the uppermost part of the Bellerophon Formation in the Luka section is represented by dolomite and does not contain foraminifers. The Permian-Triassic boundary interval is represented by carbonate "transitional beds" deposited in a shallow restricted marine environment that contains foraminifers and conodonts. The species "Cornuspira" mahajeri, "Earlandia" gracilis, and "E." tintinniformis, marking the lower boundary of the Triassic worldwide based on foraminifers, are found both below and above the first appearance of the conodont species Hindeodus parvus in the Luka section. These species appear to be ecological species and their appearance coincideswith a stressful shallowwater environment. The first intervalwith nodosariid foraminifers appears 2mabove the P/T boundary and a second one is approximately 5m above the boundary. Both of these intervals with nodosariids are within the range of the conodont species H. parvus and within the I. staeschei – I. isarcica conodont Range Zone.
Early Danian lacustrine - brackish water Ostracoda from the Deccan Inter-trappean beds near Jhilmili, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Khosla S. C. , Nagori M. L. , Jakhar S. R. , Rathore A. S.
Published: June 2022

Twenty lacustrine – brackish water ostracode species are described from the recently discovered early Danian Planktic Foraminiferal Zone P1a sediments in the Deccan Inter-trappean beds of Jhilmili, ChhindwaraDistrict, Madhya Pradesh, India. These include two brackish water species – Neocyprideis raoi (Jain 1978), Buntonia sp. - and 18 lacustrine species of which one species - Strandesia jhilmiliensis - is new, 15 species are assigned to previously known species, and 2 species are left in open nomenclature. The Inter-trappean beds in the central Deccan volcanic province of India were previously mostly considered as Maastrichtian in age but at Jhilmili, on the basis of associated planktic foraminifera, their deposition clearly persisted into early Danian time.
New data on the taxonomy, evolution and biostratigraphical significance of the Turonian–Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) planktic foraminifer Huberella Georgescu 2007
Authors: Georgescu Marius D. , Quinney Ann E. , Anderson Kaylee D.
Published: June 2022

The taxonomic reevaluation of the Turonian–Coniacian planktic foraminifer Huberella Georgescu 2007 shows that it consists of three species: H. praehuberi Georgescu 2007, H. huberi Georgescu 2007 and H. yucatanensis – new species. Huberella accommodates a branched lineage, which evolved from the biserial species Planoheterohelix postmoremani Georgescu and Huber 2009. This lineage led to the first development of the backward chamber extensions in the Cretaceous heterohelicids. Huberella huberi is a latest Turonian species which became extinct at the Turonian/Coniacian boundary and can be used in refining the Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphical framework.
Combined references for Taxonomic studies in Early Cretaceous nonmarine Ostracoda of North America
Authors: Sames Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Reference list.
Taxonomy and significance of the nonmarine ostracoda from the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian Appalachian Basin, United States
Authors: Tibert Neil E. , Dewey Christopher P. , Skema Viktoras
Published: June 2022

Late Carboniferous and early PermianOstracoda from the Appalachian Basin include nonmarine genera that reveal taxonomically valuable information. Coal and mudrock beds from Pennsylvania and West Virginia yielded well preserved specimens of Paleodarwinula hollandi (Scott 1944), Whipplella cuneiformis Holland 1934, Gutschickia deltoidea (Holland 1934), G. ninevehensis (Holland 1934), and Hildboldtina magnitata (Holland 1934). Previously undocumented adductor muscle scars, anterior spines, and external patterns of reticulation confirm that these nonmarine genera are distinct and suggest potential connections to the Darwinulocopina and Metacopina. Additionally, the stratigraphic range of the nonmarine assemblage highlights the potential biostratigraphic zonation for Carboniferous and Permian deposits in North America.
Late Moscovian (Carboniferous) conodonts of the genus Swadelina from the Donets Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Nemyrovska Tamara I.
Published: June 2022

Troughed conodonts of the late Desmoinesian genus Swadelina are common in the C2-7(M) Suite (upper Moscovian, middle Pennsylvanian) in the Donets Basin, Ukraine. The youngest species, Swadelina sp. 1, is very similar to Swadelina nodocarinata (Jones). It was found for the first time in the uppermost part of theC2-7(M) Suite in the Gurkova Valley section. Two older troughed late Moscovian (early Desmoinesian) species, known as Streptognathodus dissectus Kossenko and S. concinnus Kossenko, are herein assigned to Swadelina on the basis of their similarities to this genus. Theymay have given rise to the American Desmoinesian Sw. nodocarinata and Sw. neoshoensis Lambert, Heckel andBarrick via Swadelina sp. 1. Swadelina probably appeared earlier inMoscovian time in eastern Europe than in North America.
Understanding the management of personal records at home: a virtual guided tour
Authors:   niversity of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, Balogh Matt , Billingsley William ,   University of New England, Australia, Paul David ,   University of New England, Australia, Kennan Mary Anne ,   Charles Sturt University, Australia
Published: June 2022

Introduction. This paper considers how we can better manage personal records in the home by addressing questions such as how and why personal records are retained in an electronic form and how they are managed. Method. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews was used. Participants were recruited through social media. The interviews included virtual guided tours of personal records. There were thirty participants in twenty-two interviews (some interviews were with couples). Analysis. Each stage of the personal records management process described by participants was observed and categorised, resulting in an inclusive flow diagram. Results. The management of personal records at home can be categorised and described in terms of a flow. Some commonalities were found between personal information management in the workplace and at home, such as the frequent use of e-mail to manage records and the use of micro-notes and reminders. Conclusion. Personal records management at home can be described as a flow through which records progress. The fact that the study of personal information management has rarely addressed personal information management at home offers many opportunities for fruitful future research.
What drives people to prefer health-related misinformation? The viewpoint of motivated reasoning
Authors:   Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Savolainen Reijo
Published: June 2022

Introduction. This paper examines the potential of the motivated reasoning approach as a framework explaining why people prefer and use health-related misinformation. Method. Conceptual analysis of a sample of 41 studies drawing on the motivated reasoning approach examine the selection and use of information and misinformation. Results. Preferring and using health-related misinformation occur most likely when people are primarily driven by directional goals. They tend to give rise to confirmation bias which favours the adherence to existing beliefs about the relevance of information sources of certain types, for example, websites advocating anti-vaccination ideas. Moreover, disconfirmation bias results in the rejection of information that challenges the existing beliefs about an issue. Directional goals seldom appear in a pure form because motivated reasoning is also driven by accuracy goals motivating people to select and use information that enables them to support, justify and defend their beliefs against critique. Conclusion. Motivated reasoning offers a relatively robust psychological approach to the study of reasons by which people prefer and use misinformation in order to confirm their existing beliefs and to protect their identities. There is a need to explore further the potential and limitations of the motivated reasoning approach by conducting empirical research focusing on controversial and politicized issues such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring the socio-economic determinants of health information-seeking behaviour on the Internet in Turkey
Authors:   Department of Health Care Management, Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey, Konca Murat , Demirci Şenol ,   epartment of Health Care Management, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, Çakmak Cuma ,   Department of Health Care Management, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, Uğurluoğlu Özgür ,   Department of Health Care Management, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The digitisation of health care services has popularised Internet based health information-seeking behaviour. This research investigates the connection between the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of Turkish individuals and their online health information-seeking behaviour. Method. The study method was binary logistic regression on existing social datasets. Analysis. This study considered the dataset obtained from a survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The effects of age, sex, education level, working status, location, and frequency of Internet use on the health information-seeking behaviour on the Internet were examined. Results. Health information was sought more frequently by women than men, by people aged 26–35 and 36–45 than by those 25 and below, by people with higher income, and by those with higher levels of education. Health information searches were also conducted more often in developed regions than in less-developed regions. The habit of seeking health information online was also found to be more common among those who use the Internet more frequently. Conclusions. The current paper examined the effects of socio-demographic and economic characteristics of Turkish individuals on their online health information-seeking behaviour and contributes new insights on this behaviour.
Smallholder farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural information accessed in rural Tanzania
Authors:   Mozambique-Tanzania Centre for Foreign Relations, Ndimbwa Tumpe , Mwantimwa Kelefa ,   Information Studies Unit at the University of Dar es Salaam, Ndumbaro Faraja ,   Information Studies,University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Rural smallholder farmers’ satisfaction with the agricultural information they access has only attracted insufficient attention from researchers. As such, this study had to explore the farmers’ satisfaction with this type of information in rural Tanzania. Method. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design alongside quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the study, a sample of 341 respondents comprising 318 conveniently selected smallholder farmers and 23 purposively drawn key informants was used. Analysis. Quantitative data from the questionnaire survey used were analysed using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were subjected to thematic analysis. Results. The findings of the study suggest that smallholder farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural information depends on its type, relevance, and timeliness. However, there are various factors that undermine farmers’ satisfaction with the information. These include inadequacy of extension officers, untimely and unreliable information and sources, information access and use related costs, and language problems. Conclusion. Smallholder farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural information fosters uptake of innovative farming techniques which translates into sustainable agricultural production.
IMPACT OF CAPITAL FLIGHT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya, Umaru Shehu , Gandu Sunday ,   Department of Economics, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya
Published: June 2022

Capital flight has continued to generate debate across the world. Most developing countries Nigeria in particular are having their own share of the problem. This are burning issues regarding its actual measurement and direction of flow. This study is set to examine the effect of capital flight on economic development in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020. Due to the stochastic nature of time series data, diagnostic tests were conducted to ascertain the behavior of the series. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) test results are reported. Based on these tests, the all the variables in the model became stationary after first differencing, that is, they are integrated of order one I(1). Because of this order of integration, the Johansen co-integration test was conducted to check for possible long run relationship. Due to the absence of long-run relationship, unrestricted Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was specified and used for the estimation. Results from the VAR estimation reveal that Poverty is an increasing function of poverty. There is a negative impact of capital flight on economic development in Nigeria over the period of study. External debt is detrimental to economic development if mismanaged. Floating exchange rate where multiple rates are charged in different markets is detrimental to economic development in Nigeria over the period of study. This paper recommended that training in skill acquisition should be encouraged in Nigeria in order to alleviate poverty. Capital flight should be checked with serious penalties on the perpetrators. In addition, external debt should be channel to economic uses. And finally floating exchange rates where different rates are charged in different markets is should be abolished in Nigeria.
NEXUS BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT, INFLATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya, Nigeria, Umaru Shehu , Ismail Hannatu ,   Department of Economics, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria, Lawal Farida ,   Department of Economics, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Published: June 2022

Unemployment and inflation are twin evils that are bedeviling economies of the world and have continuously attracted the concern of economists. Most developing countries Nigeria in particular is battling with these problems. This study examines the nexus between unemployment, inflation and economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Diagnostic test was conducted to ascertain the behavior of the series. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) test results are reported. Based on the test, the variables in the model are of mixed order of integration i.e., two of the variables are I(1) and one is I(0) . The Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound co-integration test was conducted to check for possible long run relationship. It was found that there is a long-run relationship in the model. Thus, the ARDL ECM was used for the estimation. Results from the ARDL estimation reveal that the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) has the expected negative sign with a high speed of adjustment of 71% back to equilibrium; there is a long-run negative relationship between unemployment and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of study; there is a long-run negative relationship between inflation and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of study. Based on these findings, this paper recommended that the government of Nigeria should spend more money on training and skill acquisition in order to combat unemployment. More so, excessive and galloping rise on the prices of goods and services in Nigeria should be control.
EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4 ON GENDER AND PUPILS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BASIC SCIENCE IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Quality Assurance  Sokoto State Universal Basic Education Board, Sokoto State Abstract, Adamu Abdullahi
Published: June 2022

This study is on evaluation of sustainable development goal 4 on gender and pupils’ academic achievement in basic science in Sokoto State, Nigeria. It is a descriptive study in which a survey research design is employed. The population for this study was 256 pupils (105 males and 151 females). One research question and one hypothesis was stated and analyzed. Achievement Test Questionnaire (ATQ) was the instrument used for data collection. Mean and Standard Deviations were used to answer research question while hypothesis was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The finding revealed a significant difference between the mean Basic Science achievement scores of male and female pupils taught by teachers trained under SDG and those not trained under SDG in Sokoto State. It could be concluded that SDGs teachers retraining programme is an important exercise for teacher professional development and pupil academic achievement in Basic Science with respect to gender.. It is therefore recommendation that government, NGOs and other stakeholders in education should lay emphasis on pedagogical skills assessment and follow-up evaluation after the training to ensure effective and efficient implementation and achievement the goal 4 of SDG before the expiration time.
Compact Slotted Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Surface Wave Suppressed Characteristics for WLAN Characteristics
Authors: Roy Manidipa , Bhardwaj Priyanka , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2022

Surface wave propagation in the dielectric substrate is one the dominant factors leading to power loss in microstrip patch antennas. The surface waves are radiated from the edges of the dielectric substrate and does not contribute to the radiation of the antenna. To mitigate this problem discontinuity is required to be introduced in the direction of surface wave propagation. In this paper, surface wave suppressed antenna structures with circularly polarized radiation characteristics have been proposed. A square patch antenna has been designed at 6 GHz. Slotted perturbations for the same patch has been done to achieve compactness and circular polarization in the design. Two variants of the slotted antenna with side patches and PTH pins embedded at specific locations have been presented. For the 1st antenna design the axial ratio bandwidth of 120 GHz, compactness of 32.58 % and gain of 10.5 dB been achieved at resonant frequency of 8.9 GHz. For the 2nd antenna design the axial ratio bandwidth of 110 GHz, compactness of 34.7 % and gain of 9.8 dB been achieved at resonant frequency of 9.2 GHz. The improvement in gain of the proposed designs as compared to simple square patch antenna has been observed to be around 3 - 4 dB.