bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting concentration and activation overpotentials in electrochemical systems: A critical discussion
Authors: Seidenberg J. Raphael , Mitsos Alexander , Bongartz Dominik
Published: July 2024

In electrochemical systems, it is often desirable to separately quantify the effect of mass transferand reaction kinetics on the cell potential. Respective concentration (mass transfer) and activation (reaction kinetics) overpotentials are frequently defined in different ways. In this work,we discuss the implications of these alternative definitions. In particular, we emphasize that thedifferent definitions for activation and concentration overpotential: (i) cannot be chosen independently to additively partition the cell potential, (ii) can lead to significantly different values,and (iii) result in different meanings of the respective overpotentials. If not applied carefully,they can thus easily result in misinterpretations.
Cohort scheduling of freshman exercise physiology majors improves social integration and perceptions of faculty but not academic performance
Authors: Leary Miriam , Fang Wei , Layne Andrew , Nardella Beth , Sherlock Lori , Ryan Emily , Thomas Jim , Leary Brian , Maynor Lena
Published: July 2024

Compared with traditional scheduling methods, cohort scheduling freshman in physiology programs does not improve retention but improves students’ social integration and perceptions of faculty.
Breastfeeding and Neonatal Age Influence Neutrophil‐Driven Ontogeny of Blood Cell Populations in the First Week of Human Life
Authors: Montante Sebastiano , Ben-Othman Rym , Amenyogbe Nelly , Angelidou Asimenia , van den Biggelaar Anita , Cai Bing , Chen Yixuan , Darboe Alansana , Diray-Arce Joann , Ford Rebecca , Idoko Olubukola , Lee Amy , Lo Mandy , McEnaney Kerry , Malek Mehrnoush , Martino David , Masiria Geraldine , Odumade Oludare A. , Pomat William , Shannon Casey , Smolen Kinga , Consortium The EPIC , Ozonoff Al , Richmond Peter , Tebbutt Scott , Levy Ofer , Kampmann Beate , Brinkman Ryan , Kollmann Tobias
Published: July 2024

The first few days of life are characterized by rapid external and internal changes that require substantial immune system adaptations. Despite growing evidence of the impact of this period on lifelong immune health, this period remains largely uncharted. To identify factors that may impact the trajectory of immune development, we conducted stringently standardized, high‐throughput phenotyping of peripheral white blood cell (WBC) populations from 796 newborns across two distinct cohorts (The Gambia, West Africa; Papua New Guinea, Melanesia) in the framework of a Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) study. Samples were collected twice from each newborn during the first week of life, first at Day of Life 0 (at birth) and then subsequently at Day of Life 1, 3, or 7 depending on the randomization group the newborn belongs to. The subsequent analysis was conducted at an unprecedented level of detail using flow cytometry and an unbiased automated gating algorithm. The results showed that WBC composition in peripheral blood changes along patterns highly conserved across populations and environments. Changes across days of life were most pronounced in the innate myeloid compartment. Breastfeeding, and at a smaller scale neonatal vaccination, were associated with changes in peripheral blood neutrophil and monocyte cell counts. Our results suggest a common trajectory of immune development in newborns and possible association with timing of breastfeeding initiation, which may contribute to immune‐mediated protection from infection in early life. These data begin to outline a specific window of opportunity for interventions that could deliberately direct WBC composition, and with that, immune trajectory and thus ontogeny in early life. This trial is registered with NCT03246230.
Validation of the Paykel Suicide Scale and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale in Spanish Women during the Perinatal Period
Authors: Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel , Martínez-Vázquez Sergio , Peinado-Molina Rocío Adriana , Hernández-Martínez Antonio
Published: July 2024

Introduction. No specific instruments are available to detect the risk of suicide in women during the perinatal period. Suicide in perinatal women is little studied despite being one of the main causes of maternal mortality. Its prevalence has increased by 100% in the United States in a decade. Moreover, it has consequences for the mother and the newborn. Objective. To validate the Paykel Suicide Scale and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale in Spanish women during the perinatal period. Materials and Methods. Cross‐sectional study with Spanish women who were pregnant or who had given birth less than 18 months ago. Information was collected on sociodemographic variables, obstetric variables, and the newborn. A questionnaire that included both suicide scales and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) was used. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent and criterion validation, as well as internal consistency analysis, were performed. Results. In total, 237 women participated. The EFA determined that in the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale 4 components explained 54.8% of the variance, while in the Paykel Scale, a single component explained 53.0% of the variance. In the convergent validity, the risk of suicide or suicidal ideation was related to the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and the Paykel Suicide Scale, respectively, with the variables: perception of low social support, risk of intimate partner violence, level of anxiety, history of mental pathology, and having experienced a stressful event in the last year, among others (p  < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale scores was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.93), and for the Paykel Scale, it was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95). The value of Cronbach’s alpha (α) was placed for the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale at 0.806 and for the Paykel Suicide Scale at 0.766. Conclusion. Both scales presented adequate psychometric characteristics to be used as a screening instrument for suicide risk in Spanish women in the perinatal period.
Addition of Bioactive Glass Decreases Setting Time and Improves Antibacterial Properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Milani Amin Salem , Hadinia Faezeh , Rezaei Yashar , Soroush Barhaghi Mohammad Hossein , Attari Kamal , Nouroloyouni Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of bioactive glass (BG) on the setting time and antibacterial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods. In this in vitro study, BG was synthesized by the sol‐gel technique and added to MTA powder in certain ratios. Three groups of specimens were fabricated from pure MTA, MTA mixed with 10wt% BG, and MTA mixed with 20wt% BG. The setting time of specimens was measured according to ISO9917‐2007. Direct contact test was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the three groups against E. faecalis. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). Results. Addition of BG (in both concentrations) to MTA decreased its setting time and improved its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). By an increase in concentration of BG (20%), the antimicrobial activity further improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Addition of BG to MTA in 10wt% and 20wt% concentrations decreased its setting time and improved its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.
A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Over two decades, most cancer vaccines failed clinical development. Key factors may be the lack of efficient priming with tumor-specific antigens and strong immunostimulatory signals. MVX-ONCO-1, a personalized cell-based cancer immunotherapy, addresses these critical steps utilizing clinical-grade material to replicate a successful combination seen in experimental models: inactivated patient’s own tumor cells, providing the widest cancer-specific antigen repertoire and a standardized, sustained, local delivery over days of a potent adjuvant achieved by encapsulated cell technology. We conducted an open-label, single-arm, first-in-human phase I study with MVX-ONCO-1 in patients with advanced refractory solid cancer. MVX-ONCO-1 comprises irradiated autologous tumor cells coimplanted with two macrocapsules containing genetically engineered cells producing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Patients received six immunizations over 9 weeks without maintenance therapy. Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and feasibility, whereas secondary objectives focused on efficacy and immune monitoring. Data from 34 patients demonstrated safety and feasibility with minor issues. Adverse events included one serious adverse event possibly related to investigational medicinal product and two moderate-related adverse events. More than 50% of the patients with advanced and mainly nonimmunogenic tumors showed clinical benefits, including partial responses, stable diseases, and prolonged survival. In recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, one patient achieved a partial response, whereas another survived for more than 7 years without anticancer therapy for over 5 years. MVX-ONCO-1 is safe, well tolerated, and beneficial across several tumor types. Ongoing phase IIa trials target patients with advanced recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after initial systemic therapy.

Significance:

This first-in-human phase I study introduces a groundbreaking approach to personalized cancer immunotherapy, addressing limitations of traditional strategies. By combining autologous irradiated tumor cells as a source of patient-specific antigens and utilizing encapsulated cell technology for localized, sustained delivery of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant, the study shows a very good safety and feasibility profile. This innovative approach holds the promise of addressing tumor heterogeneity by taking advantage of each patient's antigenic repertoire.
Efficacy of Diagnostic Testing of Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Woods Edward , Bennett Josiah , Chandrasekhar Sanjay , Newman Noah , Rizwan Affan , Siddiqui Rehma , Khan Rabisa , Khawaja Muzamil , Krittanawong Chayakrit
Published: July 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a highly prevalent condition which can lead to myocardial ischemia as well as acute coronary syndrome. Early diagnosis of CAD can improve patient outcomes through guiding risk factor modification and treatment modalities. Summary: Testing for CAD comes with increased cost and risk; therefore, physicians must determine which patients require testing, and what testing modality will offer the most useful data to diagnose patients with CAD. Patients should have an initial risk stratification for pretest probability of CAD based on symptoms and available clinical data. Patients with a pretest probability less than 5% should receive no further testing, while patients with a high pretest probability should be considered for direct invasive coronary angiography. In patients with a pretest probability between 5 and 15%, coronary artery calcium score and or exercise electrocardiogram can be obtained to further risk stratify patients to low-risk versus intermediate-high-risk. Intermediate-high-risk patients should be tested with coronary computed tomography angiography (preferred) versus positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography based on their individual patient characteristics and institutional availability. Key Messages: This comprehensive review aimed to describe the available CAD testing modalities, detail their risks and benefits, and propose when each should be considered in the evaluation of a patient with suspected CAD.
Hub-and-Spoke Stroke System:
Enhancing Acute ischemic Stroke Care in the Philippines
Authors: Batino Laurence Kristoffer J. , Cinco Mark Timothy T. , Navarro Jose C.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims
The Hub-and-Spoke stroke system seeks to enhance the efficiency of stroke care by establishing a cohesive network between healthcare facilities providing quality stroke care to patients. This study endeavors to evaluate the effectiveness and characterize the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients treated within the Hub-and-Spoke hospital system over 2 years. The assessment focused on thrombolysis rates, mortality, and disability at 3-month follow-up.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-center review to assess the service delivery and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients within the hub-and-spoke framework which was implemented in Q3 2021. The hub-and-spoke model aimed to provide appropriate neurological care for stroke patients, growing from four to eight spoke hospitals in two years.

Results
The study consisted of 132 stroke patients transferred to the hub hospital and 42 (31.8%) of them had acute ischemic stroke. Among these 42 ischemic stroke patients, 76% of them were candidates for thrombolysis with a mean NIHSS of 12 (6-22). Among the subset of 32 patients eligible for intervention within the specified time window, a total of 23 individuals, constituting 72% received r-TPA. Regarding patients administered r-TPA, 91.2% demonstrated favorable functional outcomes with an mRS score of 0-1, while 8.7% exhibited a score of 2-3. Among those not given r-TPA, the mean NIHSS was 17 (ranging from 2 to 32). Their functional outcomes after 3 months revealed 52.5% with an mRS score of 0-1, 16% with a score of 2-3, 21.2% with a score of 4-5, and 10.5% with an mRS score of 6.

Conclusion
Hub and spoke networks represent a crucial advancement in stroke treatment particularly for facilities lacking the capacity to manage strokes effectively. By leveraging added expertise and reducing the time from onset to diagnosis to treatment, these networks have significantly enhanced patient care. This enhancement is particularly evident in the increased rate of thrombolysis, resulting in reduced morbidity and prevention of mortality.
Conhecimento ético e deontológico dos estudantes de medicina sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos no Brasil
Authors: Bastos Millena Delazeri , Lancini Bruna Caroline , Rodrigues Carlos Frederico de Almeida
Published: July 2024

Organ donation and transplantation have been taking place in Brazil for decades, acting as an effective alternative for individuals who do not benefit from conventional treatments. This requires a regulatory framework that allows for organ removal while respecting bioethical and legal standards. This study aims to assess the knowledge of future health professionals regarding the ethical and deontological issues involved in organ and tissue donation. This descriptive and qualitative study was carried out with medical students from the first to the fifth year at a university in the west of the state of Paraná, Brazil, with a sample of 131 participants. The results showed 84.7% of students had never attended classes on the subject during their undergraduate years. Despite this lack of formal education, 53.4% correctly identified the concept of brain death. Additionally, 94.7% expressed willingness to donate their organs and 31% believed certain groups should be excluded from the transplant list. The findings suggest a gap in university curricula regarding the subject, yet students are actively seeking alternative ways to gain knowledge. Moreover, there was a high acceptance rate among students for post-mortem organ donation. Opinions diverged significantly on ethical and individual issues such as the exclusion of people from the transplant list.
Intra‐arterial Selective Bevacizumab Administration in the Middle Meningeal Artery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Early Experience in 12 Hemispheres
Authors: Khalife Jane , Koneru Manisha , Tonetti Daniel A. , Shaikh Hamza A. , Jovin Tudor G. , Patel Pratit D. , Thomas Ajith J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has a rising incidence associated with an increasing burden of disability and mortality worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an integral role in the inflammation and formation of subdural membranes responsible for the origin and propagation of cSDH. We report an early experience of intra‐arterial bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, to the middle meningeal artery of 12 hemispheres in 8 patients with cSDH.

Methods

Eight patients with either unilateral or bilateral cSDH received intra‐arterial infusion of 2 mg/kg bevacizumab into the middle meningeal artery of each treated hemisphere. The primary outcome was hematoma recurrence or reaccumulation requiring surgical drainage or middle meningeal artery embolization within 3 months posttreatment.

Results

Of 12 hemispheres treated, no treatment‐related complications were reported. Median duration of follow‐up was 5 months (interquartile range 3–7.5). By 3 months posttreatment, no patients experienced hematoma recurrence or reaccumulation. One patient required concurrent evacuation at the time of bevacizumab administration. There were no major strokes or mortality within 3 months. Four hemispheres (33.3%) demonstrated complete radiographic hematoma resolution by 3 months. All hemispheres achieved 50% reduction in hematoma size by 3 months.

Conclusion

For all hemispheres treated, there was no hematoma recurrence or progression requiring surgical drainage or middle meningeal artery embolization within 3 months except 1 who required concurrent evacuation 24 hours after treatment. Our initial experience supports bevacizumab as a novel, potentially viable agent for cSDH treatment in select patients. Future studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm efficacy and safety and appropriate dosing.
Ontogenetic instars of the oribatid mite Eupterotegaeus nortoni sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Cepheusidae) from U.S.A.
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: July 2024

A new species of the genus Eupterotegaeus (Oribatida, Cepheusidae) is described from the U.S.A., based on adult and juvenile instars. The revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to the known representatives of Eupterotegaeus are presented.
A new species of Angursa (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) from the White Sea, North Russia
Authors: TCHESUNOV ALEXEI V. , FEDYAEVA MARIA A.
Published: July 2024

A new species of Angursa (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada, Styraconyxidae) found on an intertidal sandy beach in Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, North Russia is described. The new species Angursa olenevskii sp. n. differs clearly from all other Angursa species in having equally long sense organs on legs I–III, long peduncles on the external digits extended to the claw, and evident absence of secondary and tertiary clavae (with possible exception of A. bicuspis).
Future Global River Ice in CMIP6 Models under Climate Change
Authors: Lin Yu , Lü Haishen , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich , Yu Zhongbo , Zhu Yonghua , Liu Mingwen , Chen Tingxing
Published: July 2024

River ice changes due to climate change significantly impact river hydrology, economies, and societies. This study employed the CMIP6 data and a river ice model to predict global river ice changes in response to climate change. Results indicate significant declines in global river ice due to global warming. With each 1°C increase in surface air temperature (SAT) in the future, river ice extent of ice-affected rivers decrease by 2.11 percentage points, and ice duration shorten by 8.4 days. Under the shared socioeconomic pathways 2-4.5 (SSP2-4.5) scenario, the long-term mean SAT is 1.2°–2.5°C higher than in the near term. This leads to a 1.9–4.4-percentage-point decrease in global river ice extent, a 6.8–15.1-day decrease in river ice duration, and ice-free rivers increasing by up to 4.02%. The SSP5-8.5 scenario predicts a warmer long-term mean SAT, leading to greater reductions in river ice. Geographically, river ice loss is most notable in North America, Europe, Siberia, and the Tibetan Plateau (TIB), particularly in peninsular, coastal, and mountainous regions due to the combined effects of initial temperatures and temperature increases. Overall, the eastern Europe (EEU) shows the greatest loss of river ice on average. Monthly analyses show the most substantial decreases from October to June, indicating pronounced seasonal variability. This study provides valuable insights for addressing challenges related to river ice changes in high-latitude and high-elevation regions.

Significance Statement

River ice has a significant impact on various aspects, including hydrology, ecology, and the economy. The ongoing global warming phenomenon has resulted in a decline in river ice. This ice acts as a barrier, affecting river gas exchange and influencing the metabolism of the river, which is crucial for regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The primary objective of this research is to examine the response of river ice to future climate change. The outcomes of this study will play a role in estimating future GHG emissions and understanding river metabolism, as well as providing a valuable reference for tackling emerging challenges in resource acquisition in high-latitude and high-altitude regions.
Understanding the Factors Controlling MJO Prediction Skill across Events
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Wang Lu , Hsu Pang-chi , Li Tim , Xiang Baoqiang
Published: July 2024

The prediction skill for individual Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events is highly variable, but the key factors behind this remain unclear. Using the latest hindcast results from the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) phase II models, this study attempts to understand the diverse prediction skill for the MJO events with an enhanced convective anomaly over the eastern Indian Ocean (IO) at the forecast start date, by investigating the preference of the prediction skill to the MJO-associated convective anomalies and low-frequency background states (LFBS). Compared to the low-skill MJO events, the high-skill events are characterized by a stronger intraseasonal convection–circulation couplet over the IO before the forecast start date, which could result in a longer zonal propagation range during the forecast period, thereby leading to a higher score for assessing the prediction skill. The difference in intraseasonal fields can further be attributed to the LFBS of IO sea surface temperature (SST) and quasi-biannual oscillation (QBO), with the high-skill (low-skill) events corresponding to a warmer (colder) IO and easterly (westerly) QBO phase. The physical link is that a warm IO could increase the low-level convective instability and thus amplify MJO convection over the IO, whereas an easterly QBO phase could weaken the Maritime Continent barrier effect by weakening the static stability near the tropopause, thus favoring eastward propagation of the MJO. It is also found that the combined effects of IO SST and QBO phases are more effective in influencing MJO prediction skill than individual LFBS.

Significance Statement

Given the importance of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the subseasonal predictability of global weather and climate, how well the MJO itself can be predicted is a matter of concern. This study reveals the critical observational factors that determine the variation in MJO prediction skill across events. Without making any presumptions about what the factors would be, the observed MJO events are separated according to their individual prediction skill, and the difference between the MJO events with higher and lower skill is then investigated. The results show that the low-frequency background states of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the quasi-biannual oscillation are good indicators for MJO prediction skill, for their modulatory role in the MJO propagation range.
Poleward Migration of the Latitude of Maximum Tropical Cyclone Intensity—Forced or Natural?
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Lee Chia-Ying , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam
Published: July 2024

Past studies have shown a significant observed poleward trend in the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), especially in the northwest Pacific basin. Given the brevity of the historical record, it remains difficult to separate the forced trend from internal variability of the climate system. A recently developed tropical cyclone downscaling model is used to downscale the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), preindustrial control simulation. It is found that the observed trend in the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their LMI in the northwest Pacific is very unlikely to be caused by internal variability. The same downscaling model is then used to downscale CESM2 simulations under historical forcing. The resulting trend distribution shows a significant poleward migration of tropical cyclone LMI even after regressing out both natural variability and the part of the forced warming pattern that projects onto natural variability. The results indicate that the observed poleward migration of the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their LMI in the northwest Pacific basin is likely to be, at least in part, forced. However, the magnitude of the projected poleward trend in climate models can be significantly modulated by the simulated spatial pattern of ocean warming. This highlights how discrepancies between models and observations, with regard to projected changes to the equatorial zonal sea surface temperature gradient under anthropogenic forcing, can lead to large uncertainties in projected changes to the LMI latitude of tropical cyclones.

Significance Statement

Observations in the northwest Pacific basin show that the latitude at which tropical cyclones are at their most intense has been trending northward in the recent half century. These changes are important since tropical cyclones could bring hazardous weather to coastal areas that are poorly equipped to handle them. Here, we show that natural variations in Earth’s climate are very unlikely to explain the observed poleward trend in the latitude that tropical cyclone reach their maximum intensity. We find that it is much more likely that the observed trend is forced by human-related emissions, though the spatial pattern of warming in response to greenhouse emissions can have significant impacts on the magnitude of the trend.
Educational Value Priorities of Chinese Parents in a Global City: A Mixed-Methods Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Trevor Tsz-Lok , Chiu Stephen Wing-Kai
Published: July 2024

This study examines the value priorities of Chinese parents regarding their children’s education in globally competitive context. Although Chinese parents are often viewed as being excessively controlling of their children and preoccupied with their academic performance, research indicates that contemporary Chinese families hold diverse beliefs and values influenced by globalization and socio-cultural transformations. Via a mixed-method study primarily using responses to surveys ( n = 867) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 18) among Chinese parents in Hong Kong schools, the study sheds light on multiple and competing educational priorities among Chinese parents of a new generation. Findings reveal the complex landscape of value orientations as the parents navigated the challenges of supporting their children’s schooling. Parents’ concerns about whole-child development appeared to sometimes conflict with the school system’s academic focus. Implications concerning the difficulties of aligning family-school values for collaboration and intensifying educational competition are discussed.
When missing becomes murder: An analysis of missing-femicide cases from the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Manifold Bernadette M
Published: July 2024

Many femicide cases are initially reported as missing persons to the police. Women who go missing have a greater risk of being a victim of homicide. This study explores the circumstances surrounding the disappearance and killing of women and girls in the Republic of Ireland from 1962 to 2023. A total of fifty-four cases were analysed, 52 cases were homicides. Most femicides occurred during 1990–1999 (n = 13; 24%) and 2000–2009 (n = 17; 32%). Twenty-five victims knew the offender and the leading cause of death was strangulation with 27 cases. Dumping/leaving the body on open ground with little or no concealment was the predominant method of disposal. The leading risk factors were the engagement of the victim in a fight or row before disappearance and domestic violence. The ‘ suicide narrative’ should be treated with extreme caution in the disappearance of women.
Is it True That “There are no Right or Wrong Ways to Grieve”?
Authors: Corr Charles A.
Published: July 2024

This article explores some of the implications of the often-heard saying that, “There are no right or wrong ways to grieve.” In order to do so, this article offers some reflections on the key phrases that are involved implicitly or explicitly in this advice: loss, bereavement, grief, grieving, and mourning. On that basis, this article examines a series of claims: Are there actually no right ways to grieve?; Is there no single right way to grieve?; Are there no wrong ways to grieve? These analyses are enriched by incorporating some of the new understandings of loss, grief, and mourning that have emerged in the professional literature in recent years from research and scholarship. The conclusion offers lessons that should be learned and that should not be learned from the advice that, “There are no right or wrong ways to grieve”.
Forging one’s identity as a twin: Balancing sibling cohesion and deidentification
Authors: Kramer Laurie , Dean Cassandra M. , Dean Alexis A. , Morgan Melissa S.
Published: July 2024

Little is known about how twins influence one another’s development during emerging adulthood. Although the exact mechanisms that underlie sibling influence have not been firmly established, they likely encompass processes that highlight either sibling identification (e.g., seeking similarities and imitation in the service of building cohesion) or deidentification (e.g., seeking differences that distinguish themselves to reduce competition, rivalry, and jealousy). Because past research inferred these processes rather than directly assess them, we conducted a mixed methods study in which 20 sets of monozygotic (MZ, n = 11 dyads) and dizygotic (DZ, n = 9 dyads) twins, aged 19.70 years (SD = 1.11), were interviewed individually regarding their personal identity development and sibling relationship. A grounded theory approach guided the qualitative analysis, which included coordinating twins’ interview responses at the dyadic level. Each twin also completed the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire which provided a complementary quantitative assessment. 75% of the dyads prioritized differentiation and felt that college was the optimal time to pursue unique identities and goals. Those who prioritized seeking similarity were MZ twins who sought emotional closeness and support and attended the same college. Rather than pitting social learning and deidentification as opposing processes, the results suggest that deidentification is a developmental process in which twins increasingly take steps towards independence while seeking to retain the closeness, trust, and reliance they have long enjoyed in their relationship. Practical implications for helping twins balance their needs for autonomy and distinctiveness, while maintaining emotional closeness, are discussed.
Exploring ethical considerations in AI-driven cataloguing and classification with ChatGPT
Authors: Adewojo Akinade Adebowale , Amzat Omolara Basirat
Published: July 2024

Purpose. This study investigates the ethical dimensions surrounding the use of AI-driven cataloguing and classification systems, exemplified by ChatGPT, in library sciences. The research aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by exploring privacy, accountability, transparency, and bias issues associated with these technologies. Design/Methodology/Approach. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to analyze the current landscape of AI applications in libraries, emphasizing ethical considerations. It also assesses existing guidelines from associations like ALA and IFLA, and explores privacy concerns, biases, and the impact on job satisfaction. Findings. The study identifies gaps in current ethical frameworks and emphasizes the need for guidelines to evolve with technological advancements. Privacy concerns, biases in AI outputs, and challenges related to user trust and transparency are highlighted. The impact of AI on job satisfaction for librarians is discussed, acknowledging both opportunities and challenges. Originality/Value. This study contributes to the broader discussion on ethical AI by specifically addressing the underexplored area of AI-driven cataloguing and classification systems. It underscores the importance of aligning AI use with ethical standards, proposing strategies for mitigating biases and fostering user trust.
Effects of the influence of triangular dimple and aspect ratio on NACA 4412 airfoil on the overall performance of H-Darrieus wind rotor: An experimental investigation
Authors: Nagaraju Avulamanda Siva , Gupta Rajat , Bhowmik Sumit
Published: July 2024

This study examines how adjusting aspect ratio (AR) and adding triangular dimples to the airfoil can enhance H-type Darrieus wind rotor (H-rotor) performance under low wind speeds (4, 6, and 8 m/s) using wind tunnel testing. Results show optimal performance at an AR of 1.0 for both standard and Triangular dimple airfoil H-rotors, with variations at different wind speeds for other aspect ratios. Triangular dimple-equipped H-rotors demonstrate improved self-starting capability and a wider operational range of tip speed ratio (TSR) compared to standard rotors, ensuring reliability across diverse wind conditions. Moreover, the triangular dimple rotor achieves a nearly 13.6% increase in maximum coefficient of power ([Formula: see text]) compared to the dimple-free H-rotor at 4 m/s wind speed. This study underscores the efficacy of adjusting AR and integrating triangular dimple blades to enhance H-rotor performance, particularly in low wind speeds.
Vagus Nerve and Gut-Brain Communication
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Duan Chenxi , Du Xinyi , Zhu Ying , Wang Lihua , Hu Jun , Sun Yanhong
Published: July 2024

The vagus nerve, as an important component of the gut-brain axis, plays a crucial role in the communication between the gut and brain. It influences food intake, fat metabolism, and emotion by regulating the gut-brain axis, which is closely associated with the development of gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and metabolism-related disorders. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the vagus-mediated regulatory pathway, highlighting its profound implications in the development of many diseases. Here, we summarize the latest advancements in vagus-mediated gut-brain pathways and the novel interventions targeting the vagus nerve. This will provide valuable insights for future research on treatment of obesity and gastrointestinal and depressive disorders based on vagus nerve stimulation.
The global dimension of domestic regulatory agencies: Why do we need a networked perspective of political legitimacy?
Authors: Latorre Indira
Published: July 2024

Many domestic regulatory agencies (DRAs) have intensified the use of international cooperation mechanisms, and their decisions increasingly exert a global impact. While the globally interactive nature of DRAs is generally accepted, the theoretical implications of this collaboration remain unexplored. I argue that DRAs have a global-domestic institutional dimension and outline the attributes of this aspect of their authority. Based on my analysis, I claim that the global-domestic dimension of DRAs produces changes in the manner in which they exercise their authority. I further try to ascertain how the political legitimacy of these agencies should be assessed. Finally, I argue that a networked perspective of political legitimacy is normatively sound in capturing and evaluating the global-domestic authority of DRAs.
Impact of Psychological Factors on Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nedder Victoria J. , Raju Akash G. , Moyal Andrew J. , Calcei Jacob G. , Voos James E.
Published: July 2024

Context:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common orthopaedic injury, and the incidence of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) continues to increase. Current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recognize the role of psychological factors in rehabilitation, but patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) and psychological readiness are rarely incorporated into rehabilitation.

Objective:

The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of psychological health after ACL injury, understand the current metrics used to monitor psychological recovery, and outline how psychological recovery can be better incorporated in current CPGs.

Data Sources:

A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA); 63 studies were identified with a PubMed search using the term “ACL Injuries/psychology”.

Study Selection:

Exclusion criteria included lack of consideration of psychological effects or studies validating PROs after ACLR. Studies were reviewed by multiple reviewers, and a total of 38 studies were included after applying exclusion criteria.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3b.

Data Extraction:

Two independent reviewers analyzed the included articles to extract sample size, psychological readiness scale or other measures used, and key results.

Results:

Psychological outcomes, especially kinesiophobia and fear of reinjury, are seen commonly after ACLR. Psychological factors were shown to impede return to sport (RTS), alter measurable knee biomechanics, and potentially increase the risk for re-rupture. Targeted interventions such as kinesiotaping, knee bracing, and imagery training can help improve psychological and functional testing after ACLR.

Conclusion:

ACLR is often complicated by psychological factors. Psychological readiness is a crucial yet often unincorporated part of rehabilitation. Patients with higher levels of kinesiophobia and lower psychological readiness to RTS specifically should be identified to allow for administration of interventions, such as imagery training, knee bracing, or kinesiotaping, that can mitigate the negative effects of psychological outcomes and improve recovery.
Glycemic impact of gabapentin and Nucleo C.M.P in metformin-controlled diabetic patients: A case report
Authors: Hashim Hashim Talib , Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Aji Narjiss , Shah Jaffer
Published: July 2024

This study examines the contraindications of gabapentin and Nucleo C.M.P Forte in metformin-controlled diabetic patients, focusing on their potential to induce hyperglycemia. A case report of a 65-year-old woman with type II diabetes is presented, demonstrating elevated blood glucose levels following the initiation of gabapentin and Nucleo C.M.P Forte. The literature review highlights limited data on gabapentin-induced hyperglycemia, with additional consideration of the potential effects of Nucleo C.M.P Forte. The study suggests modifying insulin therapy in diabetic patients taking gabapentin and calls for further research on this interaction.
Critical Policy Analysis of the Second Round of the Double First-Class Project in China
Authors: Zheng (郑高明) Gaoming , Li (李维维) Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This critical policy analysis aims to comprehensively examine the second round of China's first-class discipline development project, commonly known as the “Double First-Class Project” (DFC Project or Shuang Yi Liu Project).

Design/Approach/Methods

We conducted desk research between May 2022 and December 2023 using relevant policy documents, academic literature, news sources, and commentaries that specifically focused on the second round of the DFC Project in China. Employing a critical policy analysis approach, we analyzed the gathered data from three key perspectives: policy as text, policy as discourse, and policy effects (including both first- and second-order effects).

Findings

The second round of the DFC Project was implemented within the context of strengthened state regulation, prevalent managerialism, and an emphasis on promoting education equality in China's higher education development. A notable shift in structural dynamics occurred between the first and second round. These include the possibility of universities being added to or removed from the official list, increased academic autonomy for selected universities, and the promotion of interdisciplinary research within specific institutions. The implementation of the second round of the DFC Project reflects China's commitment to developing an internationalization strategy with Chinese characteristics. This strategy aims to align with China's national strategic needs and position the country as a cooperative partner, promoter, competitor, and potential leader in global scholarship.

Originality/Value

By employing a critical policy analysis approach, this study offers a comprehensive examination of the second round of the DFC project in China, contributing to existing knowledge on the development of world-class university policies in the country.
The rules of T-cell engagement: current state of CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Haydu J. Erika , Abramson Jeremy S.
Published: July 2024

T-cell engaging–therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of relapsed and refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas by offering highly effective treatments for patients with historically limited therapeutic options. This review focuses on the advances in chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells and bispecific antibodies, first providing an overview of each product type, followed by exploring the primary data for currently available products in large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. This review also highlights key logistical and sequencing considerations across diseases and product types that can affect clinical decision-making.
Failure Analysis of Dissimilar Metal Welds between Ferritic Heat Resistant Steels and Austenitic Stainless Steels in Power Plant
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Nie Junfeng , Wang Xin , Li Kejian , Zhang Haiquan
Published: July 2024

This study analysed the failure of dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) between ferritic heat resistant steels and austenitic stainless steels and investigated its influencing factors by means of numerical simulation, microstructure characterization and mechanical property test. Under the long-term high-temperature service condition in practical power plant, the DMW failure mode was along the interface between nickel-based weld metal (WM) and ferritic heat resistant steel, and the failure mechanism was stress/strain concentration, microstructure degradation and oxidation coupling acting on the interface. The numerical simulation results show that interface stress/strain concentration was due to the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion and creep strength, and the degree of stress/strain concentration was related to service time. The ferrite band formed at the WM/ferritic steel interface was prone to cracking, attracting the fracture along the interface. The interface crack allowed oxidation to develop along the WM/ferritic steel interface. During long-term service, the interface stress/strain concentration, microstructure and oxidation all evolved, which synergistically promoted interface failure of DMW. However, only under the long-term service of low stress conditions could trigger the interface failure of DMW. Meanwhile, long-term service would reduce the mechanical strength and plasticity of DMW.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of garlic in alcoholic liver disease: a network pharmacology and experimental validation study
Authors: Gao Siqi , Gao Tingting , Li Lizheng , Wang Shule , Hu Jie , Zhang Ruijing , Zhou Yun , Dong Honglin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Employing network pharmacology and molecular docking, the study predicts the active compounds in garlic and elucidates their mechanism in inhibiting the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD is a global chronic liver disease with potential for hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Methods

The main active ingredients and targets of garlic were identified through screening the TCMSP, TCM-ID, and ETCM databases. ALD disease targets were sourced from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and DiGSeE databases, and intervention targets for garlic were determined through intersections. Protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING platform, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed with R software. The garlic component-disease-target network was established using Cytoscape software. Validation of active ingredients against core targets was conducted through molecular docking simulations using AutoDock Vina software. Expression validation of core targets was carried out using human sequencing data of ALD obtained from the GEO database.

Results

Integration of garlic drug targets with ALD disease targets identified 83 target genes. Validation through an alcohol-induced ALD mouse model supported certain network pharmacology findings, suggesting that garlic may impede disease progression by mitigating the inflammatory response and promoting ethanol metabolism.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of garlic in inhibiting ALD development. The identified active ingredients offer promising avenues for further investigation and development of treatments for ALD, emphasizing the importance of botanical remedies in liver disease management.