bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky recovered from human clinical cases in Maryland, USA (2011–2015)
Authors: Haley Bradd J. , Kim Seon Woo , Haendiges Julie , Keller Eric , Torpey David , Kim Alexander , Crocker Kia , Myers Robert A. , Van Kessel Jo Ann S.
Published: March 2019

Salmonella Kentucky is among the most frequently isolated S. enterica serovars from food animals in the United States. Recent research on isolates recovered from these animals suggests there may be geographic and host specificity signatures associated with S. Kentucky strains. However, the sources and genomic features of human clinical S. Kentucky isolated in the United States remain poorly described. To investigate the characteristics of clinical S. Kentucky and the possible sources of these infections, the genomes of all S. Kentucky isolates recovered from human clinical cases in the State of Maryland between 2011 and 2015 (n = 12) were sequenced and compared to a database of 525 previously sequenced S. Kentucky genomes representing 12 sequence types (ST) collected from multiple sources on several continents. Of the 12 human clinical S. Kentucky isolates from Maryland, nine were ST198, two were ST152, and one was ST314. Forty‐one per cent of isolates were recovered from patients reporting recent international travel and 58% of isolates encoded genomic characteristics similar to those originating outside of the United States. Of the five isolates not associated with international travel, three encoded antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to tetracycline or aminoglycosides, while two others only encoded the cryptic aac(6′)‐Iaa gene. Five isolates recovered from individuals with international travel histories (ST198) and two for which travel was not recorded (ST198) encoded genes conferring resistance to between 4 and 7 classes of antibiotics. Seven ST198 genomes encoded the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 and substitutions in the gyrA and parC genes known to confer resistance to ciprofloxacin. Case report data on food consumption and travel were, for the most part, consistent with the inferred S. Kentucky phylogeny. Results of this study indicate that the majority of S. Kentucky infections in Maryland are caused by ST198 which may originate outside of North America.
Cohen–Lenstra heuristics for étale group schemes and symplectic pairings
Authors: Lipnowski Michael , Tsimerman Jacob
Published: March 2019

We generalize the Cohen–Lenstra heuristics over function fields to étale group schemes $G$ (with the classical case of abelian groups corresponding to constant group schemes). By using the results of Ellenberg–Venkatesh–Westerland, we make progress towards the proof of these heuristics. Moreover, by keeping track of the image of the Weil-pairing as an element of $\wedge ^{2}G(1)$, we formulate more refined heuristics which nicely explain the deviation from the usual Cohen–Lenstra heuristics for abelian $\ell$-groups in cases where $\ell \mid q-1$; the nature of this failure was suggested already in the works of Malle, Garton, Ellenberg–Venkatesh–Westerland, and others. On the purely large random matrix side, we provide a natural model which has the correct moments, and we conjecture that these moments uniquely determine a limiting probability measure.
Health Monitoring of Centrifugal Pumps Using Digital Models
Authors: Abdel Fatah Amr A. , Hassan Mohammed A. , Lotfy Mohamed , Dimitri Antoine S.
Published: March 2019

The area of predictive maintenance (PM) has received growing research interest in the past few years. Diagnostic capabilities of PM technologies have increased due to advances made in sensor technologies, signal processing algorithms, and the rapid development of computational power and data handling algorithms. Conventional PM programs are mostly built around analyzing sensors' data collected from physical systems. Incorporating simulation data collected from digital models replicating the physical system with sensors' data can lead to more optimization for operation and maintenance. This paper demonstrates the role of using digital models in implementing effective condition monitoring on centrifugal pumps. Two digital models are used to study the dynamic performance of a centrifugal pump experiencing cavitation condition. The first model is a three-dimensional fully turbulent computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Based on the pressure distribution obtained from the CFD, a novel analytical pressure pulsation model is developed and used to simulate the exciting forces affecting the pump. The second digital model is a pump casing dynamic model which is used to predict the casing vibration response to exciting forces due to faulty operating conditions. Results obtained from the digital models are validated using an experimental test rig of a small centrifugal pump. Using this concept, a pump faulty operation can be simulated to provide complete understanding of the root cause of the fault. Additionally, digital models can be used to simulate different corrective actions that would restore the normal operation of the pump.
New Moonpool Design of Drillship for Operability Improvement
Authors: Yoo Seon Oh , Kim Hyun Joe , Lee Dong Yeon , Kim Booki , Yang Seung Ho
Published: March 2019

This study suggests three different designs of the moonpool to reduce the internal flow of the moonpool. The experimental and numerical studies were performed to improve the dillship's operability by the flow reduction in the moonpool. Based on the previous result of model tests in two-dimensional (2D) wave flume, three different moonpool designs were proposed: design-1: combination of forward recess deck, vertical bulkhead and beach-type wave absorber; design-2: a step-type forward recess deck; and design-3: a forward recess deck with beach-type wave absorber. Experimental study was carried out in the Offshore Engineering Basin for 87 K compact drillship which was 87,000 Mt as design gross tonnage. To verify the experimental results and clearly understand the internal flow of the drillship's moonpool, numerical study was carried out using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. From these studies, it was found that all the proposed designs showed significantly reduced internal flow at resonance frequency compared to the original moonpool design of the target drillship, although the characteristic of internal flow reduction was different for each moonpool design. Additional studies were carried out to obtain the improved moonpool design that is expected to further reduce the internal flow of moonpool through CFD. Based on the results of three moonpool designs, the combined one with the step-type recess deck and the wave absorber presents best performance in the viewpoint of flow reduction in the moonpool.
Practical Approach to Functional Testing and Analytical Modeling of Axial Oscillation-Supported Drillstrings
Authors: Omojuwa Emmanuel , Ahmed Ramadan , Acquaye James
Published: March 2019

Drillstrings that include one or more axial oscillation tools (AOTs) are referred to as axial oscillation-supported drillstrings. Downhole vibrations induced by these tools in the drillstring are the most efficient method for friction reduction and improving axial force transfer in high-angle and extended-reach wells. Functional testing of axial oscillation tools prior to downhole operations and modeling the dynamic response of axial oscillation-supported drillstring systems are required to predict the performance and functionality of AOTs. This study presents a practical approach for functional testing of axial oscillation tools and a new analytical model for predicting the dynamic response of axial oscillation-supported drillstrings operating at surface conditions. The axial oscillation-supported drillstring is modeled as an elastic continuous system subjected to viscous damping, frictional contact, and displacement (support excitation). The functional test is a unique experimental test procedure designed to measure the pressure drop, pressure fluctuations, and axial displacement of an axial oscillation tool while varying the flow rate and the spring rate of the tool. The introduction of the spring rate as a variable in the new model and functional testing is unique to this study and not considered in the existing literature. Axial displacement and acceleration predicted from the new model closely agrees with the results obtained from the functional tests. The accuracy of the model is also validated with the results of two previously published functional tests. The comparisons demonstrate an average deviation of approximately 14.5% between predictions and measurements. The axial displacement and pressure drop of AOT increased with flow rate or oscillation frequency. The amplitude of axial displacement increased with frequency because of increased pressure drop.
Organophilic Clay-Based Drilling Fluids for Mitigation of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs Instability and Formation Damage
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Mudaser , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Mahmoud Mohamed , Shakil Hussain S.M. , Abouelresh Mohamed , Al-Harthi Mamdouh A.
Published: March 2019

High-performance drilling fluid was designed for unconventional reservoirs to minimize the formation damage and borehole instability using organophilic clay treated with trimethyloctylammonium bromide, novel in-house synthesized gemini surfactant, and a high-molecular weight polymer. This gemini surfactant has not been reported in the literature for drilling fluid applications. The performance of designed drilling fluid was evaluated and compared with the base drilling fluid (4 w/v.% bentonite dispersion water). Shale dispersion, linear swelling, filtration, and rheological experiments were performed to investigate the effect of drilling fluids on borehole stability and formation damage. The combined use of organophilic clay and surfactant in the drilling fluid formulation reduced the shale dispersion up to 89%. The linear swelling experiment of shale sample shows 10% swelling of the core in the modified drilling fluid while in base fluid 13% swelling of shale was observed. It was found that modified drilling fluid interactions with shale were greatly reduced using a surfactant and associative polymer in the drilling fluid formulation. Rheological properties of drilling fluids were stable, and filtration characteristics showed that the filtrate volume was within the acceptable limit. The designed drilling fluid made a thin and impermeable filter cake that prevents the invasion of drilling fluid into the formation. This study opens a new direction to reduce the formation damage and borehole instability using organophilic clay, surfactant and high-molecular weight additive in water-based drilling fluid.
High-Fidelity Shape Optimization of Non-Conventional Turbomachinery by Surrogate Evolutionary Strategies
Authors: Persico Giacomo , Rodriguez-Fernandez Pablo , Romei Alessandro
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a novel tool for the shape optimization of turbomachinery blade profiles operating with fluids in non-ideal thermodynamic conditions and in complex flow configurations. In novel energy conversion systems, such as organic Rankine cycles or supercritical CO2 cycles, the non-conventional turbomachinery layout as well as the complex thermodynamics of the working fluid complicate significantly the blade aerodynamic design. For such applications, the design of turbomachinery may considerably benefit from the use of systematic optimization methods, especially in combination with high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as it is shown in this paper. The proposed technique is implemented in the shape-optimization package FORMA (Fluid-dynamic OptimizeR for turbo-Machinery Aerofoils) developed in-house at the Politecnico di Milano. FORMA is constructed as a combination of a generalized geometrical parametrization technique based on B-splines, a CFD solver featuring turbulence models and arbitrary equations of state, and multiple surrogate-based evolutionary strategies based on either trust-region or training methods. The application to the re-design of a supersonic turbine nozzle shows the capabilities of applying a high-fidelity optimization, consisting of a 50% reduction in the cascade loss coefficient and in an increased flow uniformity at the inlet of the subsequent rotor. Two alternative surrogate-based evolutionary strategies and different fitness functions are tested and discussed, including nonlinear constraints within the design process. The optimization study reveals relevant insights into the design of supersonic turbine nozzles as well on the performance, reliability, and potential of the proposed design technique.
Predicting acoustic dose associated with marine mammal behavioural responses to sound as detected with fixed acoustic recorders and satellite tags
Authors: von Benda-Beckmann A. M. , Wensveen P. J. , Prior M. , Ainslie M. A. , Hansen R. R. , Isojunno S. , Lam F. P. A. , Kvadsheim P. H. , Miller P. J. O.
Published: March 2019

To understand the consequences of underwater noise exposure for cetaceans, there is a need for assessments of behavioural responses over increased spatial and temporal scales. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders and satellite tags provide such long-term and large spatial coverage of behaviour compared to short-duration acoustic-recording tags. However, these tools result in a decreased resolution of data from which an animal response can be inferred, and no direct recording of the sound received at the animal. This study discusses the consequence of the decreased resolution of data from satellite tags and fixed acoustic recorders on the acoustic dose estimated by propagation modelling and presents a method for estimating the range of sound levels that animals observed with these methods have received. This problem is illustrated using experimental results obtained during controlled exposures of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) exposed to naval sonar, carried out near Jan Mayen, Norway. It is shown that variability and uncertainties in the sound field, resulting from limited sampling of the acoustic environment, as well as decreased resolution in animal locations, can lead to quantifiable uncertainties in the estimated acoustic dose associated with the behavioural response (in this case avoidance and cessation of foraging).
Hypoxia and matrix viscoelasticity sequentially regulate endothelial progenitor cluster-based vasculogenesis
Authors: Blatchley Michael R. , Hall Franklyn , Wang Songnan , Pruitt Hawley C. , Gerecht Sharon
Published: March 2019

A broadened perspective on neovascularization is achieved by mimicking the vascular regenerative microenvironment in vitro.
Inhibiting the stringent response blocks
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
entry into quiescence and reduces persistence
Authors: Dutta Noton K. , Klinkenberg Lee G. , Vazquez Maria-Jesus , Segura-Carro Delfina , Colmenarejo Gonzalo , Ramon Fernando , Rodriguez-Miquel Beatriz , Mata-Cantero Lydia , Porras-De Francisco Esther , Chuang Yu-Min , Rubin Harvey , Lee Jae Jin , Eoh Hyungjin , Bader Joel S. , Perez-Herran Esther , Mendoza-Losana Alfonso , Karakousis Petros C.
Published: March 2019

The stringent response enzyme is a promising new target for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
persisters.
Dual complementary liposomes inhibit triple-negative breast tumor progression and metastasis
Authors: Guo Peng , Yang Jiang , Liu Daxing , Huang Lan , Fell Gillian , Huang Jing , Moses Marsha A. , Auguste Debra T.
Published: March 2019

Dual complementary liposomes inhibit proliferation and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.
Robots mediating interactions between animals for interspecies collective behaviors
Authors: Bonnet Frank , Mills Rob , Szopek Martina , Schönwetter-Fuchs Sarah , Halloy José , Bogdan Stjepan , Correia Luís , Mondada Francesco , Schmickl Thomas
Published: March 2019

Robots socially integrated into groups of honeybees and zebrafish located in different cities, allowing the species to share decisions.
And the beat goes on
Authors: McCain Megan L.
Published: March 2019

A flexible, conductive, 3D-printed patch restores conduction after cardiac injury in a canine model.
SAMpling cancer development one carbon at a time
Authors: Sowalsky Adam G.
Published: March 2019

PKCλ/ι depletion promotes metabolic reprogramming during neuroendocrine prostate cancer differentiation by increasing DNA methylation.
Microbial Community of Saline, Alkaline Lakes in the Nebraska Sandhills Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequence Data
Authors: Fiore Nicole A. , Dunigan David D. , Shaffer Julie J. , Roberts Ryan , Antony-Babu Sanjay , Plantz Bradley A. , Nickerson Kenneth W. , Benson Andrew K. , Weber Karrie A.
Published: March 2019

The Nebraska Sandhills region contains over 1,500 geochemically diverse interdunal lakes, some of which are potassium rich, alkaline, and hypersaline. Here, we report 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing data on the water and sediment microbial communities of eight alkaline lakes in the Sandhills of western Nebraska.
Complete Genome Sequence of Halorubrum ezzemoulense Strain Fb21
Authors: Feng Yutian , Louyakis Artemis S. , Makkay Andrea M. , Guerrero Ray O. , Papke R. Thane , Gogarten J. Peter
Published: March 2019

Isolated from Aran-Bidgol Lake in Iran, and reported here,
Halorubrum ezzemoulense
strain Fb21 represents the first complete genome from this archaeal species. Local recombination in this genome is in stark contrast to equidistant recombination events in bacteria.
Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund Isolates from Clinical Sources
Authors: Khajanchi Bijay K. , Yoskowitz Noah C. , Han Jing , Wang Xiong , Foley Steven L.
Published: March 2019

Twenty-seven
Salmonella enterica
serovar Schwarzengrund isolates from clinical sources were sequenced as part of a larger study to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The majority of the sequenced strains were isolated from human stool (
n
= 20) followed by urine (
n
= 3) and blood (
n
= 2).
Robot for health data acquisition among older adults: a pilot randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Boumans Roel , van Meulen Fokke , Hindriks Koen , Neerincx Mark , Olde Rikkert Marcel G M
Published: March 2019

Background /Objectives

Healthcare professionals (HCP) are confronted with an increased demand for assessments of important health status measures, such as patient-reported outcome measurements (PROM), and the time this requires. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of using an HCP robot assistant, and to test the hypothesis that a robot can autonomously acquire PROM data from older adults.

Design

A pilot randomised controlled cross-over study where a social robot and a nurse administered three PROM questionnaires with a total of 52 questions.

Setting

A clinical outpatient setting with community-dwelling older adults.

Participants

Forty-two community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 77.1 years, SD: 5.7 years, 45% female).

Measurements

The primary outcome was the task time required for robot–patient and nurse–patient interactions. Secondary outcomes were the similarity of the data and the percentage of robot interactions completed autonomously. The questionnaires resulted in two values (robot and nurse) for three indexes of frailty, well-being and resilience. The data similarity was determined by comparing these index values using Bland-Altman plots, Cohen’s kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Acceptability was assessed using questionnaires.

Results

The mean robot interview duration was 16.57 min (SD=1.53 min), which was not significantly longer than the nurse interviews (14.92 min, SD=8.47 min; p=0.19). The three Bland-Altman plots showed moderate to substantial agreement between the frailty, well-being and resilience scores (κ=0.61, 0.50 and 0.45, and ICC=0.79, 0.86 and 0.66, respectively). The robot autonomously completed 39 of 42 interviews (92.8%).

Conclusion

Social robots may effectively and acceptably assist HCPs by interviewing older adults.
Conservative treatment of anterior chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the military, with a mid-term follow-up
Authors: Zimmermann Wes O , Hutchinson Mark Robert , Van den Berg Ruud , Hoencamp Rigo , Backx Frank J G , Bakker Eric W P
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To assess the outcome of conservative treatment for chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) as it relates to the reduction in surgical fasciotomy and return to active duty in a military population.

Methods

Historic cohort. From 2015 to 2018, 75 surgically eligible patients with pressure-positive anterior CECS (Group 1), or with positive pressures and associated medial tibial stress syndrome (Group 2), underwent a conservative treatment programme emphasising gait retraining of running and marching. Treatment success was defined as return to duty, without surgery. Fifty patients from 2015 to 2017 were surveyed to assess mid-term outcomes.

Results

The average duration of conservative treatment was 144.9 (±59.6) days. Initially, 65% (49/75) were able to return to duty; 28% (21/75) were referred for surgery and 7% (5/75) left the armed forces. There was no difference in outcomes between Group 1 and Group 2. Survey response rate, on average after 742 days (SD 267, range 381–1256), was 84% (42/50); 57% (24/42) had continued duty, without surgery; of them, 43% were at the same military specialty, 57% in a physically less demanding job.

Conclusion

A conservative treatment programme for anterior CECS was able to return 65 % of patients to active duty, without surgery. At 2 years, the success rate decreased slightly, but remained positive at 57%. In this high-risk group, initiating a conservative treatment protocol with an emphasis on gait retraining can significantly reduce the need for surgical fasciotomy. For those that fail conservative treatment, surgical release may still be indicated.
The κ-Poincaré group on a C∗-level
Authors: Stachura Piotr
Published: March 2019

The [Formula: see text]-algebraic [Formula: see text]-Poincaré group is constructed. The construction uses groupoid algebras of differential groupoids associated to Lie group decomposition. It turns out the underlying [Formula: see text]-algebra is the same as for “[Formula: see text]-Euclidean group” but a comultiplication is twisted by some unitary multiplier. Generators and commutation relations among them are presented.
A new type of finite difference WENO schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Cheng Xiaohan , Feng Jianhu , Zheng Supei , Song Xueli
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we propose a new type of finite difference weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes to approximate the viscosity solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equations. The new scheme has three properties: (1) the scheme is fifth-order accurate in smooth regions while keep sharp discontinuous transitions with no spurious oscillations near discontinuities; (2) the linear weights can be any positive numbers with the symmetry requirement and that their sum equals one; (3) the scheme can avoid the clipping of extrema. Extensive numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed scheme.
FluidC+: A novel community detection algorithm based on fluid propagation
Authors: Sheng Jinfang , Wang Kai , Sun Zejun , Hu Jie , Wang Bin , Ullah Aman
Published: March 2019

In recent years, community detection has gradually become a hot topic in the complex network data mining field. The research of community detection is helpful not only to understand network topology structure but also to explore network hiding function. In this paper, we improve FluidC which is a novel community detection algorithm based on fluid propagation, by ameliorating the quality of seed set based on positive feedback and determining the node update order. We first summarize the shortcomings of FluidC and analyze the reasons result in these drawbacks. Then, we took some effective measures to overcome them and proposed an efficient community detection algorithm, called FluidC+. Finally, experiments on the generated network and real-world network show that our method not only greatly improves the performance of the original algorithm FluidC but also is better than many state-of-the-art algorithms, especially in the performance on real-world network with ground truth.
Kinetic theory-based force analysis in lattice Boltzmann equation
Authors: Zheng Lin , Zheng Song , Zhai Qinglan
Published: March 2019

In the gas kinetic theory, it is shown that the zeroth order of the density distribution function [Formula: see text] and local equilibrium density distribution function were the Maxwellian distribution [Formula: see text] with an external force term, where [Formula: see text] is the fluid density, [Formula: see text] is the physical velocity and [Formula: see text] is the temperature, while in the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method, numerous force treatments were proposed with a discrete density distribution function [Formula: see text] apparently relaxed to a given state [Formula: see text], where the given velocity [Formula: see text] could be different with [Formula: see text], and the Chapman–Enskog (CE) analysis showed that [Formula: see text] and local equilibrium density distribution function should be [Formula: see text] in the literature. In this paper, we start from the kinetic theory and show that the [Formula: see text] and local equilibrium density distribution function in LBE should obey the Maxwellian distribution [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] relaxed to [Formula: see text], which are consistent with kinetic theory. Then the general requirements for the force term are derived, by which the correct hydrodynamic equations could be recovered at Navier–Stokes (NS) level, and numerical results confirm our theoretical analysis.
Nonlinear monotonic volatility duration and matching energy of random exclusion financial dynamics
Authors: Xing Yani , Wang Jun
Published: March 2019

Financial markets have been known to exhibit plentiful nonlinear complex volatility behaviors. In order to reproduce the volatility dynamics of financial price changes, the agent-based financial model is established by stochastic finite-range exclusion process. The exclusion process is a kind of statistical physics system, which is considered as modeling particle Markov motion with conserved number of particles. To measure the volatility of financial return series, a novel statistic called maximum monotonic volatility rate is put forward to measure the speed of monotonic volatility of returns. Meanwhile, average monotonic volatility duration of returns is also investigated, which can reflect the average volatility level. For verifying the rationality of the model, matching energy analysis that can detect chaos and complexity in nonlinear time series is applied to study the new statistics. Further, empirical mode decomposition and multifractal are employed to study the behaviors of monotonic volatility duration. The model has similar complexity behaviors with real markets in terms of monotonic volatility with matching energy analysis, and the proposed financial model and real markets both show multifractal and anti-correlation for average monotonic volatility series by MFDFA method. The results display that the model is feasible with respect to above volatility analyses.
Tsallis Entropy Segmentation and Shape Feature-based Classification of Defects in the Simulated Magnetic Flux Leakage Images of Steam Generator Tubes
Authors: Daniel Jackson , Abudhahir A. , Paulin J. Janet
Published: March 2019

Early detection of water or steam leaks into sodium in the steam generator units of nuclear reactors is an important requirement from safety and economic considerations. Automated defect detection and classification algorithm for categorizing the defects in the steam generator tube (SGT) of nuclear power plants using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique has been developed. MFL detection is one of the most prevalent methods of pipeline inspection. Comsol 4.3a, a multiphysics modeling software has been used to obtain the simulated MFL defect images. Different thresholding methods are applied to segment the defect images. Performance metrics have been computed to identify the better segmentation technique. Shape-based feature sets such as area, perimeter, equivalent diameter, roundness, bounding box, circularity ratio and eccentricity for defect have been extracted as features for defect detection and classification. A feed forward neural network has been constructed and trained using a back-propagation algorithm. The shape features extracted from Tsallis entropy-based segmented MFL images have been used as inputs for training and recognizing shapes. The proposed method with Tsallis entropy segmentation and shape-based feature set has yielded the promising results with detection accuracy of 100% and average classification accuracy of 96.11%.
A SLAM-Based Mobile Augmented Reality Tracking Registration Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jia , Xie Yulei , Gu Shuang , Chen Xu
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)-based markerless mobile-end tracking registration algorithm to address the problem of virtual image drift caused by fast camera motion in mobile-augmented reality (AR). The proposed algorithm combines the AGAST-FREAK-SLAM algorithm with inertial measurement unit (IMU) data to construct a scene map and localize the camera’s pose. The extracted feature points are matched with feature points in a map library for real-time camera localization and precise registration of virtual objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can track feature points in real time, accurately construct scene maps, and locate cameras; moreover, it improves upon the tracking and registration robustness of earlier algorithms.
Machine Translation Evaluation: Unveiling the Role of Dense Sentence Vector Embedding for Morphologically Rich Language
Authors: Tripathi Samiksha , Kansal Vineet
Published: March 2019

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics like BiLingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) and Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering (METEOR) are known to have poor performance for word-order and morphologically rich languages. Application of linguistic knowledge to evaluate MTs for morphologically rich language like Hindi as a target language, is shown to be more effective and accurate [S. Tripathi and V. Kansal, Using linguistic knowledge for machine translation evaluation with Hindi as a target language, Comput. Sist.21(4) (2017) 717–724]. Leveraging the recent progress made in the domain of word vector and sentence vector embedding [T. Mikolov and J. Dean, Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality, Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 2 (2013) 3111–3119], authors have trained a large corpus of pre-processed Hindi text ([Formula: see text] million tokens) for obtaining the word vectors and sentence vector embedding for Hindi. The training has been performed on high end system configuration utilizing Google Cloud platform resources. This sentence vector embedding is further used to corroborate the findings through linguistic knowledge in evaluation metric. For morphologically rich language as target, evaluation metric of MT systems is considered as an optimal solution. In this paper, authors have demonstrated that MT evaluation using sentence embedding-based approach closely mirrors linguistic evaluation technique. The relevant codes used to generate the vector embedding for Hindi have been uploaded on code sharing platform Github. a
Growth of Turaev–Viro invariants and cabling
Authors: Detcherry Renaud
Published: March 2019

The Chen–Yang volume conjecture [Q. Chen and T. Yang, Volume conjectures for the Reshetikhin–Turaev and the Turaev–Viro invariants, preprint (2015), arXiv:1503.02547] states that the growth rate of the Turaev–Viro invariants of a compact oriented [Formula: see text]-manifold determines its simplicial volume. In this paper, we prove that the Chen–Yang conjecture is stable under [Formula: see text]-cabling.
Influence of exact Lorentz-violating mechanism on the critical exponents for massive q-deformed λϕ4 scalar field theory
Authors: Carvalho P. R. S. , Sena-Junior M. I.
Published: March 2019

We probe the influence of Lorentz-violating mechanism, treated exactly, on the radiative quantum corrections to critical exponents for massive [Formula: see text]-deformed O([Formula: see text]) [Formula: see text] scalar field theories. We attain that task by employing three distinct and independent field-theoretic renormalization group methods. Firstly, we compute the critical exponents up to the finite next-to-leading order for then generalizing the results for any loop level. We show that the [Formula: see text]-deformed critical exponents are insensible to the Lorentz symmetry breaking mechanism thus agreeing with the universality hypothesis.
Productivity Assessment Based on Jump Diffusion Model Considering the Effort Management for OSS Project
Authors: Tamura Yoshinobu , Sone Hironobu , Yamada Shigeru
Published: March 2019

Various open source software (OSS) projects are in action around the world. Many OSS are developed and maintained under these OSS projects. Considering the characteristics of OSS, the operation performance of OSS development will take an irregular fluctuation in the long term of operation, because several developers and many users are closely related to the maintenance of OSS.

This paper focuses on the irregular fluctuation of the operation performance of OSS. We apply the jump diffusion process model to the noisy cases in the operation of OSS. In particular, the maintenance effort is estimated by the stochastic differential equation model in terms of OSS project management. Moreover, we discuss the method of maintenance effort management based on jump diffusion process model considering the irregular fluctuation of performance for OSS projects. In particular, we propose the method of productivity assessment based on the proposed jump diffusion models. Thereby, it is helpful for the OSS development managers to understand the effort status of OSS from the standpoint of OSS project management. Also, we analyze actual data to show numerical examples of the proposed method considering the characteristics of OSS projects.
Optimal Policy of Window Flow Control Based on Packet Transmission Interval with Explicit Congestion Notification
Authors: Kimura Mitsutaka , Imaizumi Mitsuhiro , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses a reliability problem of window flow control scheme with Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in the communication system, which is an essential issue in the long-distance transmission such as cloud computing. For example, there is a problem of reduction in transmission efficiency caused by a packet loss from network congestion. In order to solve the problem, recently, High-performance and Flexible Protocol (HpFP) has been proposed and performed a verification of effectiveness by simulation. 6 HpFP provides efficient packet communication by changing a packet transmission interval [T. Murata, T. Mizuhara, A. Takagi, K. Fukushima, K. Yamamoto, Y. Nagaya, K. Muranaga and E. Kimura, HpFP: A new protocol for LFNs with packet-loss based on UDP: A basic concept and detailed design of the protocol, IEICE Technical Report 115(484) IN2015-109, pp. 7–12 (2016)].

We have discussed the reliability model of a window flow control scheme based on a packet transmission interval. 7 We have proposed the model which judges the occurrence of congestion in a network by the number of retransmission [M. Kimura, M. Imaizumi and T. Nakagawa, Reliability modelling of window flow control scheme for a communication system based on packet transmission interval, in Proc. 23rd ISSAT Int. Conf. Reliability and Quality in Design (2017), pp. 171–175]. On the other hand, ECN mechanism for the detection of incipient congestion has been already proposed. ECN mechanism is efficient for the window flow control scheme because ECN bit is set in the packet header as an indication of congestion and is avoided unnecessary packet drops.

We consider a stochastic model of a window flow control scheme based on a packet transmission interval with ECN. If ECN bit has been set during connection, a packet transmission interval is prolonged. We derive the mean time until packet transmissions succeed, and analytically discuss an optimal policy to maximize the amount of packets per unit of time until the transmission succeeds.
Data-driven modeling and simulation of complex multistation manufacturing process for dimensional variation analysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Chuanhui , Wang Lei , Zhao Enlan , Gao Wenke
Published: March 2019

Dimensional variation analysis in multistation manufacturing processes (MMPs) is a challenging research topic with great practical significance. Researchers have been focused on constructing various mathematical models to identify the correlations among the huge amounts of collected production data. However, current models have achieved insufficient insights into the variation correlation laws due to the complexity of the data’s mutual relations. In this study, a data-driven modeling method is developed for deep data-mining and dimensional variation analysis. The proposed initial mathematical expression originates from practical engineering knowledge. Through a mathematical treatment, the mathematical expression is transformed into a first-order AR(1) model format, which contains multiple dimensional variations’ interstation and temporal correlating information. To obtain this information, the estimation of the proposed model is discussed in detail. A simulation case involving two key product characteristics of a grinding process is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method for dimensional variation analysis in MMPs.
Research on the novel discretized ratio control strategies and hardware-in-the-loop test for continuous variable transmission system
Authors: Deng Tao , Li Zhifei , Yin Yanli
Published: March 2019

Based on traditional continuous control strategy for Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) ratio, according to the principles of shift control strategy for stepped automatic transmission, the influences of throttle opening and external resistance or vehicle speed on CVT ratio control are analyzed on bumpy road. Under the same variation of external resistance condition, the differences between optimal economic control strategy and optimal dynamic control strategy are discussed. Then, the traditional continuous optimal dynamic and economic control lines are divided into multi-step upshift points. Meanwhile, the corresponding downshift points are set to avoid the interference near shift points. After that, the novel discretized ratio control methods for CVT system are proposed. By respectively discretizing throttle opening and vehicle speed, the discretized ratio control strategy for throttle opening, and the integrated discretized ratio control strategy for throttle opening and vehicle speed are further proposed and simulated. Furthermore, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test system is built to further verify the feasibility and accuracy of discretized ratio control strategies. Both simulation and HIL test results show that the sensitivity of throttle opening and vehicle speed to ratio control is reduced dramatically, the fluctuation of ratio is decreased considerably, the transmission efficiency is increased significantly, and the jerk is declined moderately.
Effect of Stack Spacing on the Performance of Thermoacoustic Refrigerators Using Helium and Air as Working Substances
Authors: Prashantha B. G. , Seetharamu S. , Narasimham G. S. V. L. , Kumar M. R. Praveen
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the design of thermoacoustic refrigerators using linear thermoacoustic theory. The refrigerator components are designed at 3% drive ratio by considering the practical limitations of providing sufficient spacing for attaching the loudspeaker to the resonator tube and accommodating instrumentation. The effects of spiral stack spacing in terms of thermal penetration depth on the theoretical performance of refrigerator using helium and air as working substances are discussed. The quarter-wavelength resonator designs with taper and divergent section terminated with hemispherical end are optimized with helium and air for better performance. Theoretical results are validated with DeltaEC software results and are in agreement with each other. Helium shows better performance compared to air but lacks power density. The DeltaEC predicts COP 0.514 at the cold heat exchanger temperature of [Formula: see text]C with helium compared to air (COP 0.616 at [Formula: see text]C) for the 50[Formula: see text]W cooling power 100[Formula: see text]mm diameter quarter-wavelength resonator designs.
Capacity Upper Bounds for Deletion-type Channels
Authors: Cheraghchi Mahdi
Published: March 2019

We develop a systematic approach, based on convex programming and real analysis for obtaining upper bounds on the capacity of the binary deletion channel and, more generally, channels with i.i.d. insertions and deletions. Other than the classical deletion channel, we give special attention to the Poisson-repeat channel introduced by Mitzenmacher and Drinea (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006). Our framework can be applied to obtain capacity upper bounds for any repetition distribution (the deletion and Poisson-repeat channels corresponding to the special cases of Bernoulli and Poisson distributions). Our techniques essentially reduce the task of proving capacity upper bounds to maximizing a univariate, real-valued, and often concave function over a bounded interval. The corresponding univariate function is carefully designed according to the underlying distribution of repetitions, and the choices vary depending on the desired strength of the upper bounds as well as the desired simplicity of the function (e.g., being only efficiently computable versus having an explicit closed-form expression in terms of elementary, or common special, functions). Among our results, we show the following:

(1) The capacity of the binary deletion channel with deletion probability
d
is at most (1 −
d
) φ for
d
≥ 1/2 and, assuming that the capacity function is convex, is at most 1 −
d
log(4/φ) for
d
< 1/2, where φ = (1 + √5)/2 is the golden ratio. This is the first nontrivial capacity upper bound for any value of
d
outside the limiting case
d
→ 0 that is fully explicit and proved without computer assistance.

(2) We derive the first set of capacity upper bounds for the Poisson-repeat channel. Our results uncover further striking connections between this channel and the deletion channel and suggest, somewhat counter-intuitively, that the Poisson-repeat channel is actually analytically simpler than the deletion channel and may be of key importance to a complete understanding of the deletion channel.

(3) We derive several novel upper bounds on the capacity of the deletion channel. All upper bounds are maximums of efficiently computable, and concave, univariate real functions over a bounded domain. In turn, we upper bound these functions in terms of explicit elementary and standard special functions, whose maximums can be found even more efficiently (and sometimes analytically, for example, for
d
= 1/2).
Deformation Capture via Soft and Stretchable Sensor Arrays
Authors: Glauser Oliver , Panozzo Daniele , Hilliges Otmar , Sorkine-Hornung Olga
Published: March 2019

We propose a hardware and software pipeline to fabricate flexible wearable sensors and use them to capture deformations without line-of-sight. Our first contribution is a low-cost fabrication pipeline to embed multiple aligned conductive layers with complex geometries into silicone compounds. Overlapping conductive areas from separate layers form local capacitors that measure dense area changes. Contrary to existing fabrication methods, the proposed technique only requires hardware that is readily available in modern fablabs. While area measurements alone are not enough to reconstruct the full 3D deformation of a surface, they become sufficient when paired with a data-driven prior. A novel semi-automatic tracking algorithm, based on an elastic surface geometry deformation, allows us to capture ground-truth data with an optical mocap system, even under heavy occlusions or partially unobservable markers. The resulting dataset is used to train a regressor based on deep neural networks, directly mapping the area readings to global positions of surface vertices. We demonstrate the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed hardware and software in a series of controlled experiments and design a prototype of wearable wrist, elbow, and biceps sensors, which do not require line-of-sight and can be worn below regular clothing.
Integrin-α7 signaling regulates connexin 43, M-cadherin, and myoblast fusion
Authors: McClure Michael J. , Ramey Allison N. , Rashid Mashaba , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi
Published: March 2019

Regenerative medicine treatments for severe skeletal muscle injuries are limited, resulting in persistent functional deficits. Clinical options include neglecting the wound with the expectation that fibrosis will develop or using an autologous muscle graft with minimal functional improvement. A regenerative matrix can be used, but muscle fiber development on these matrices remains a challenge in vivo. Here, we explored the fundamental mechanisms that mediate cell-substrate signaling and its effect on cell-cell communication during myoblast fusion and tube formation to improve outcomes following implantation of matrices used to stimulate muscle regeneration. We previously reported that integrin-α7 was increased on anisotropic biomaterials, suggesting a role for α7β1 signaling in myoblast communication via connexin 43 and M-cadherin. Our results demonstrated that α7 silencing blocked expression of myogenic differentiation factor 1 (Myod), myogenin (Myog), myogenic factor 6 (Myf6), myosin heavy chain type 1 (Myh1), and transmembrane protein 8c (Tmem8c), indicating that myoblast fusion was inhibited. Expression of α5 and M-cadherin decreased but β1 and connexin 43 increased. We examined protein production and observed reduced extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) in α7-silenced cells that correlated with upregulation of connexin 43 and M-cadherin, suggesting a compensatory pathway. These results indicate that α7 signaling plays a critical role in ex vivo fusion and implicates a relationship with connexin 43 and M-cadherin.
Cardiac glycosides decrease influenza virus replication by inhibiting cell protein translational machinery
Authors: Amarelle Luciano , Katzen Jeremy , Shigemura Masahiko , Welch Lynn C. , Cajigas Héctor , Peteranderl Christin , Celli Diego , Herold Susanne , Lecuona Emilia , Sznajder Jacob I.
Published: March 2019

Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are used primarily for cardiac failure and have been reported to have other effects, including inhibition of viral replication. Here we set out to study mechanisms by which CGs as inhibitors of the Na-K-ATPase decrease influenza A virus (IAV) replication in the lungs. We found that CGs inhibit influenza virus replication in alveolar epithelial cells by decreasing intracellular potassium, which in turn inhibits protein translation, independently of viral entry, mRNA transcription, and protein degradation. These effects were independent of the Src signaling pathway and intracellular calcium concentration changes. We found that short-term treatment with ouabain prevented IAV replication without cytotoxicity. Rodents express a Na-K-ATPase-α1 resistant to CGs. Thus we utilized Na-K-ATPase-α1-sensitive mice, infected them with high doses of influenza virus, and observed a modest survival benefit when treated with ouabain. In summary, we provide evidence that the inhibition of the Na-K-ATPase by CGs decreases influenza A viral replication by modulating the cell protein translational machinery and results in a modest survival benefit in mice.