bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silica‐Assisted Reactions of Pyrroles with 1‐Acyl‐2‐bromoacetylenes.
Authors: Stepanova Zinaida V. , Sobenina Lubov' N. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Chipanina Nina N. , Elokhina Valentina N. , Voronov Vladimir K. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Acylation of 5‐Substituted Indoles with Carboxylic Acids via DCC Coupling.
Authors: Bremner John B. , Samosorn Siritron , Ambrus Joseph I.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polycyclic [2 + 3]‐Cycloadducts from the Thermal Decomposition of Bis(2,5‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles) in the Presence of N‐Methylmaleimide.
Authors: Mloston G. , Celeda M. , Linden A. , Heimgartner H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐(2‐Methoxytetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)pyrazoles: A Novel Class of Potent, Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Inhibitors.
Authors: Ranatunge Ramani R. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

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New Synthetic Approach for the Preparation of Imidazole N3‐Oxides.
Authors: Cerecetto Hugo , Gerpe Alejandra , Gonzalez Mercedes , Fernandez Saiz Yolanda , Piro Oscar E. , Castellano Eduardo E.
Published: March 2005

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Studies on Stereoselective Synthesis of Ethyl anti‐4‐Substituted Phenyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐5‐carboxylates and Their Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Madhusudhan G. , Reddy G. Om , Ramanatham J. , Dubey P. K.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Lee Connie K. Y. , Holmes Andrew B. , Al‐Duri Bushra , Leeke Gary A. , Santos Regina C. D. , Seville Jonathan P. K.
Published: March 2005

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One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2‐benzoylimino‐4‐thiazolidinones in the Ionic Liquid [bmim+][PF6‐].
Authors: Peng Yanqing , Song Gonghua , Huang Feifei
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Double Diastereoselective SuperQuat Glycolate Aldol Reactions: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Lactones.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Nicholson Rebecca L. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: March 2005

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Microwave Accelerated Pechmann Synthesis of New Isoxazolyl Coumarins in Dry Media.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Ramesh P. , Ramu K.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 2,4‐Diaryl‐6‐[2′H‐[1′]‐4′‐hydroxy‐2′‐oxo‐benzopyran‐3′‐yl]pyridines and 2,6‐Diaryl‐4‐[2′H‐[1′]‐4′‐hydroxy‐2′‐oxo‐benzopyran‐3′‐yl]pyridines.
Authors: Mulwad V. V. , Satwe D. S.
Published: March 2005

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A Chiral Base Desymmetrization—Ring‐Closing Metathesis Route to Chiral Azaspirocycles: Synthesis of Core Structures Related to Pinnaic Acid and Halichlorine.
Authors: Huxford Timothy , Simpkins Nigel S.
Published: March 2005

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Further Insight into the Reactivity of Oxazinones Toward Phosphorus Reagents.
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Kamel Azza A. , Khidre Maha D.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of Unnatural 1‐Methyl‐2‐quinolone Derivatives.
Authors: Asahara Motoki , Katayama Taku , Tohda Yasuo , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Ariga Masahiro
Published: March 2005

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Imino Diels—Alder Reactions: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrano and Furoquinolines Catalyzed by ZrCl4.
Authors: Mahesh M. , Reddy Ch. Venkateshwar , Reddy K. Srinivasa , Raju P. V. K. , Reddy V. V. Narayana
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of 4,7‐Phenanthroline Derivatives.
Authors: Gusak K. N. , Kozlov N. G. , Tereshko A. B.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐(Coumarin‐3‐yl)‐4‐(chromon‐3‐yl)‐benzopyrano[4,3‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Reddy G. Jagath , Thirupathaiah C. , Latha D. , Rao K. Srinivasa
Published: March 2005

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A One‐Pot Synthesis of an Anellated [a]Aza‐thieno[3,2‐g]naphthalenone Through Ring Transformation Followed by Photocyclization.
Authors: Pratap Ramendra , Sharon Ashoke , Maulik Prakas R. , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: March 2005

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Novel Adamantylated Pyrimidines and Their Preliminary Biological Evaluations.
Authors: Orzeszko Barbara , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt , Maurin Jan Krzysztof , Laudy Agnieszka Ewa , Starosciak Bohdan Jerzy , Vilpo Juhani , Vilpo Leena , Balzarini Jan , Orzeszko Andrzej
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Behavior of Some Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐4‐ (4′‐arylazophenyl) ‐3‐thioxo‐2H‐3,4‐dihydro‐2,4,9,10‐tetraazaphenanthren‐1‐ones.
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Manisha , Upadhyay Siya
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Uracil Derivatives Inhibiting Human Thymidine Phosphorylase.
Authors: Corelli Federico , Botta Maurizio , Lossani Andrea , Pasquini Serena , Spadari Silvio , Focher Federico
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel and Facile Method to Synthesize (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐Methylpiperazine.
Authors: Liu Bo , Xu Guang‐Yu , Yang Chun‐Hao , Wu Xi‐Han , Xie Yu‐Yuan
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 1,4‐Benzodiazepinic N‐Nitrosoamidines with Tosylmethyl Isocyanide: A Novel Synthesis of Midazolam.
Authors: del Pozo Carlos , Macias Alberto , Alonso Eduardo , Gonzalez Javier
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of Bromo and Iodo Trifunctionalized Tribenzosilatranes.
Authors: Alvarez Ruben , Mehl Georg H.
Published: March 2005

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Hydrosilylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Ruthenium Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Maifeld Sarah V. , Tran Michael N. , Lee Daesung
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydrophosphinine 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Sipos Melinda , Lengyel Dora , Forintos Henrietta , Koertvelyesi Tamas , Imre Timea , Toeke Laszlo
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal Triflate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates from Carbonyl Compounds in the Absence of Solvent.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Sobhani Sara
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Constituents of the Annonaceae Species Miliusa velutina and Desmos longiflorus.
Authors: Connolly Joseph D. , Dagli Selma , Haque Md. Enamul
Published: March 2005

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Neurotropic Activity of the Adducts of Lambertianic Acid with N‐Substituted Maleimides.
Authors: Tolstikova T. G. , Sorokina I. V. , Dolgikh M. P. , Kharitonov Yu. V. , Chernov S. V. , Shul'ts E. E. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Agallochaols A and B, Two New Diterpenes from the Chinese Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L
Authors: Wang Ji‐Dong , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sesquiterpenes, Lignans and Other Constituents from Saussurea macrota.
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Chun‐Ming , Zhang Qi , Han Yi‐Feng , Jia Zhong‐Jian
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and Characterization of New Bitter Diterpenoids from the Basidiomycete Sarcodon scabrosus
Authors: Ma Bing‐Ji , Zhu Hua‐Jie , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Epoxides Prepared from Some Monoterpenes with Acetic Anhydride on Aluminosilicate Catalysts.
Authors: Tatarova L. E. , Korchagina D. V. , Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Barkhash V. A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Gln‐Phe Hydroxyethylene Dipeptide Isostere.
Authors: Haug Bengt Erik , Rich Daniel H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Pyrimidine N‐1‐Alkylation via Activation of Electron Rich Olefins with Oxoammonium Salts: Synthesis of Methoxy TEMPO Substituted Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Church Kevin M. , Holloway Liesel M. , Matley Ryan C. , Brower Robert J. III
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Simple Pyrolytic Approach Towards Anhydronucleosides.
Authors: Al‐Etaibi Alya , Makhseed Saad , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Ibrahim Yehia A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of First Phospholipids from 2,2,6,6‐Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanol.
Authors: Predvoditelev D. A. , Savin G. A. , Malenkovskaya M. A. , Nifant'ev E. E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Examination of Pongamia pinnata L. Seeds.
Authors: Meera Meera , Bimla Bimla , Kalidhar S. B.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation of the Natural Colorant from the Roots of Arnebia nobilis and Its Use as a New Neutralization Indicator.
Authors: Indrayan A. K. , Yadav Vimla , Kumar Rajeev , Tyagi Pradeep K.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cytotoxic Activity of Nepetin, a Flavonoid from Eupatorium ballotaefolium HBK.
Authors: Militao G. C. G. , Albuquerque M. R. J. R. , Pessoa O. D. L. , Pessoa C. , Moraes M. E. A. , de Moraes M. O. , Costa‐Lotufo Leticia V.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of 6‐Alkyl‐ and 6‐Prenylpolyhydroxyisoflavones and 6‐Alkylcoumaronochromone Derivatives.
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Wada Hironari , Kawamura Yasuhiko , Yamashita Kazuyo , Nishiuchi Masaki
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tocopherol Long Chain Fatty Alcohols Decrease the Production of TNF‐α and NO Radicals by Activated Microglial Cells.
Authors: Muller Thierry , Grandbarbe Luc , Morga Eleonora , Heuschling Paul , Luu Bang
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
9‐cis‐Retinoic Acid Analogues with Bulky Hydrophobic Rings: New RXR‐Selective Agonists.
Authors: Alvarez Rosana , Vega M. Jesus , Kammerer Sabrina , Rossin Aurelie , Germain Pierre , Gronemeyer Hinrich , de Lera Angel R.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coumarinolignans from the Root of Formosan Antidesma pentandrum var. barbatum.
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chang , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Lee Shoiw‐Ju , Dixit Ajay Kumar , Ishikawa Tsutomu , Tsai Ian‐Lih , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enhanced Powder Sintering of Near‐Equiatomic NiTi Shape‐Memory Alloys Using Ca Reductant Vapor.
Authors: Bertheville B. , Bidaux J.‐E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supercritical Fluid—Liquid—Solid Synthesis of Gallium Phosphide Nanowires.
Authors: Davidson Forrest M. III , Wiacek Robert , Korgel Brian A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclen‐Containing Inhibitors of Carboxypeptidase A Synthesized in Search of Target‐Selective Artificial Proteases.
Authors: Song Jung Bae , Hah Sang Soo , Suh Junghun
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Kinoyama Isao , Taniguchi Nobuaki , Yoden Toru , Koutoku Hiroshi , Furutani Takashi , Kudoh Masafumi , Okada Minoru
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Tetracyclic Systems of Benzo[b]furoindoles and Their Derivatives
Authors: Khoshtariya T. E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 8‐Azasteroids
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Senthilkumar S. P.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bartoli Indole Synthesis
Authors: Dalpozzo Renato , Bartoli Giuseppe
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Mendez Leonor Y. Vargas , Gomez Carlos M. Melendez
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pteridines and Related Structures
Authors: Ishikawa T.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Approach to Natural‐Product Synthesis
Authors: Hsung Richard P. , Kurdyumov Aleksey V. , Sydorenko Nadiya
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chalcogenide—Lewis Acid Mediated Tandem Michael Aldol Reaction — An Alternative to the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction and a New Development
Authors: Kataoka Tadashi , Kinoshita Hironori
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond Activation
Authors: Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Stereodirecting Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Cesar Vincent , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stephane , Gade Lutz H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monoligated Palladium Species as Catalysts in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Christmann Ute , Vilar Ramon
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Angucyclines
Authors: Carreno M. Carmen , Urbano Antonio
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in Donor—Acceptor (DA) Cyclopropanes
Authors: Yu Ming , Pagenkopf Brian L.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oligosilyl‐Substituted Heptaphosphanes: Syntheses, Reactions and Structures
Authors: Baumgartner Judith , Cappello Vittorio , Dransfeld Alk , Hassler Karl
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Progress in Studies of Novel Marine Bis(indole) Alkaloids
Authors: Yang Cai‐Guang , Huang Hao , Jiang Biao
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids
Authors: Soller Jeffrey , Eisenberg Don , Eisenberg Joseph , Colford Jack , Scott James
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bioorthogonal Organic Chemistry in Living Cells: Novel Strategies for Labeling Biomolecules
Authors: van Swieten Paul F. , Leeuwenburgh Michiel A. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Overkleeft Herman S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Search for Drug Leads from Japanese Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Fusetani Nobuhiro
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C‐Type Cytochrome Formation: Chemical and Biological Enigmas
Authors: Stevens Julie M. , Daltrop Oliver , Allen James W. A. , Ferguson Stuart J.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gibbs Ensemble Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Kotelyanskii Michael , Hentschke Reinhard
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some Interesting Things about Polysiloxanes
Authors: Mark James E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surfing the Nanowaves: Progress in Understanding the Gas—Liquid Interface
Authors: Phillips Leon F.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry. Part 8. 1999‐2001
Authors: Belen'kii L. I. , Gramenitskaya V. N.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanoscale Borromean Rings
Authors: Cantrill Stuart J. , Chichak Kelly S. , Peters Andrea J. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computational Studies on the Cyclization of Enediynes, Enyne‐Allenes, and Related Polyunsaturated Systems
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Navarro‐Vazquez Armando , Prall Matthias
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fundamentals of Nonrelativistic and Relativistic Theory of NMR and EPR Parameters
Authors: Kutzelnigg Werner
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Novel DDS Technologies for Pharmacoproteomic‐Based Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monitoring Protein Folding at Atomic Resolution
Authors: Kumar Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy S. , Yu Chin
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A performance comparison between the Earth Simulator and other terascale systems on a characteristic ASCI workload
Authors: Kerbyson Darren J. , Hoisie Adolfy , Wasserman Harvey J.
Published: March 2005

This work gives a detailed analysis of the relative performance of the recently installed Earth Simulator and the next top four systems in the Top500 list using predictive performance models. The Earth Simulator uses vector processing nodes interconnected using a single‐stage, cross‐bar network, whereas the next top four systems are built using commodity based superscalar microprocessors and interconnection networks. The performance that can be achieved results from an interplay of system characteristics, application requirements and scalability behavior. Detailed performance models are used here to predict the performance of two codes representative of the ASCI workload, namely SAGE and Sweep3D. The performance models encapsulate fully the behavior of these codes and have been previously validated on many large‐scale systems. One result of this analysis is to size systems, built from the same nodes and networks as those in the top five, that will have the same performance as the Earth Simulator. In particular, the largest ASCI machine, ASCI Q, is expected to achieve a similar performance to the Earth Simulator on the representative workload. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical performance portability in the Parallel Ocean Program (POP)
Authors: Jones P. W. , Worley P. H. , Yoshida Y. , White J. B. , Levesque J.
Published: March 2005

The design of the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) is described with an emphasis on portability. Performance of POP is presented on a wide variety of computational architectures, including vector architectures and commodity clusters. Analysis of POP performance across machines is used to characterize performance and identify improvements while maintaining portability. A new design of the POP model, including a cache blocking and land point elimination scheme, is described with some preliminary performance results. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPCx: towards capability computing
Authors: Ashworth Mike , Bush Ian J. , Guest Martyn F. , Sunderland Andrew G. , Booth Stephen , Hein Joachim , Smith Lorna , Stratford Kevin , Curioni Alessandro
Published: March 2005

We introduce HPCx—the U.K.'s new National HPC Service—which aims to deliver a world‐class service for capability computing to the U.K. scientific community. HPCx is targeting an environment that will both result in world‐leading science and address the challenges involved in scaling existing codes to the capability levels required. Close working relationships with scientific consortia and user groups throughout the research process will be a central feature of the service. A significant number of key user applications have already been ported to the system. We present initial benchmark results from this process and discuss the optimization of the codes and the performance levels achieved on HPCx in comparison with other systems. We find a range of performance with some algorithms scaling far better than others. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of dynamic response characteristics of seismically isolated bridges in Chile
Authors: Sarrazin Mauricio , Moroni Ofelia , Roesset José M.
Published: March 2005

A complete renovation of the Pan‐American Highway from La Serena to Puerto Montt, Chile, has been recently completed, including the construction of several long‐span bridges, with different structural systems. Most of them have some sort of seismic protection, such as high‐damping rubber bearings, friction bearings or energy dissipation devices. Ambient vibration tests have been conducted on seven of these bridges to obtain their natural frequencies, modes of vibration, and equivalent damping, under small amplitude vibrations. In two of them local accelerometer networks have been installed for continued monitoring of their seismic behavior and a number of earthquakes have already been recorded. The seismic records show clearly the beneficial effect of the isolation and energy dissipation devices in the longitudinal direction. Analytical models with different degrees of complexity have been developed to reproduce the recorded behavior under ambient vibration and moderate earthquakes. This paper presents some of the data obtained and summarizes the research done by the authors over the last 10 years at the University of Chile on the seismic protection of bridges. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical population group assignment with selected informative markers: Characteristics and properties of Bayesian clustering via STRUCTURE
Authors: Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhao Hongyu , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel
Published: March 2005

Population stratification, which is caused by population genetic substructure (PGS), is a critical issue for the design and interpretation of genetic association studies. Methods to address this problem have been devised, but little is known at this point about practical genotyping requirements for resolving PGS based on different marker characteristics. In this report, we seek to (1) identify a small, practical marker set to differentiate African Americans (AAs) from European Americans (EAs), and (2) assess the impact of marker efficiency and sample size on clustering individuals into subgroups by the methods of STRUCTURE (Pritchard et al., [2000a] Genetics 155:945–959). A panel of 37 markers was genotyped for 865 individuals (640 EAs and 225 AAs) from the Northeastern United States. Among EAs, the assignment accuracy reached >99% using only the 4 most efficient markers. Among AAs, the assignment accuracy exceeded 95% when using the 6 most informative markers. Smaller sample size increased the variance in population differentiation, rather than degrading the results consistently. We conclude that the use of marker‐efficiency measures for marker selection yielded a relatively small set of STR markers that were effective at differentiating EA and AA populations. The number of markers required is much lower than has been suggested in previous studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR and Luminescence Binding Studies of Ytterbium, Thulium, and Europium Macrocyclic Complexes with Phosphorus(V) Oxy Anions
Authors: Atkinson Paul , Bretonnière Yann , Parker David , Muller Gilles
Published: March 2005

The binding of a series of phosphate anions to coordinatively unsaturated macrocyclic complexes of Yb, Tm, and Eu was studied by 1H‐NMR, emission and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy. Each ternary adduct was distinguished by its spectral profile. With O‐phosphorylated amino acids and peptides, chemoselective ligation of the phosphate moiety was favored by Eu over chelation involving the terminal amino group, which was competitive for Tm and Yb. A preference for binding O‐phosphono‐L‐tyrosine sites was found with various Eu complexes, and was signalled by ratiometric changes in metal‐based emission and CPL spectra.
Influence of Decreasing Solvent Polarity (1,4‐Dioxane/Water Mixtures) on the Acid–Base and Copper(II)‐Binding Properties of Guanosine 5′‐Diphosphate
Authors: Bianchi Emanuela M. , Griesser Rolf , Sigel Helmut
Published: March 2005

The acidity constants of twofold protonated guanosine 5′‐diphosphate, H2(GDP)−, and the stability constants of the [Cu(H;GDP)] and [Cu(GDP)]− complexes were determined in H2O as well as in 30 or 50% (v/v) 1,4‐dioxane/H2O by potentiometric pH titrations (25°; I=0.1M, NaNO3). The results showed that in H2O one of the two protons of H2(GDP)− is located mainly at the N(7) site and the other one at the terminal β‐phosphate group. In contrast, for 50% 1,4‐dioxane/H2O solutions, a micro acidity‐constant evaluation evidenced that ca. 75% of the H2(GDP)− species have both protons phosphate‐bound, because the basicity of pyridine‐type N sites decreases with decreasing solvent polarity whereas the one of phosphate groups increases. In the [Cu(H;GDP)] complex, the proton and the metal ion are in all three solvents overwhelmingly phosphate‐bound, and the release of this proton is inhibited by decreasing polarity of the solvent. Based on previously determined straight‐line plots of log K$\rm{_{Cu(R-DP)}^{Cu}}$ vs. pK$\rm{_{H(R-DP)}^{H}}$ (where R represents a non‐interacting residue in simple diphosphate monoesters ROP(O−)(O)OP(O)(O−)2, RDP3−), which were now extended to mixed solvents (based on analogies), it is concluded that, in all three solvents, the [Cu(GDP)]− complex is more stable than expected based on the basicity of the diphosphate residue. This increased stability is attributed to macrochelate formation of the phosphate‐coordinated Cu2+ with N(7) of the guanine residue. The formation degree of this macrochelate amounts in aqueous solution to ca. 75% (being thus higher than that of the Cu2+ complex of adenosine 5′‐diphosphate) and in 50% (v/v) 1,4‐dioxane/H2O to ca. 60%, i.e., the formation degree of the macrochelate is only relatively little affected by the change in solvent, though it needs to be emphasized that the overall stability of the [Cu(GDP)]− complex increases with decreasing solvent polarity. By including previously studied systems in the considerations, the biological implications are shortly discussed, and it is concluded that Nature has here a tool to alter the structure of complexes by shifting them on a protein surface from a polar to an apolar region and vice versa.
Syntheses and Structures of Homo‐ and Heterobimetallic Complexes Containing a (Cyclopentadienone)rhodium(I) Fragment
Authors: Gauthier Sébastien , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: March 2005

The reaction of [RhCl(η4‐Ph2R2C4CO)]2 (R=Ph, 2‐naphthyl) with the dimeric complexes [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 p‐cymene=1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)benzene, [RuCl2(1,3,5‐Et3C6H3)]2, [MCl2(Cp*)]2 (M=Rh, Ir; Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐yl), [RuCl2(CO)3]2, [RuCl2(dcypb)(CO)]2 (dcypb=butane‐1,4‐diylbis[dicyclohexylphosphine]), [(dppb)ClRu(μ‐Cl)2(μ‐OH2)RuCl(dppb)] (dppb=butane‐1,4‐diylbis[diphenylphosphine]), and [(dcypb)(N2)Ru(μ‐Cl)3RuCl(dcypb)] was investigated. In all cases, mixed, chloro‐bridged complexes were formed in quantitative yield (see 5–8, 9–16, 18, 19, 21, and 22). The six new complexes 5, 8, 9, 13, 15, and 22 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis (Figs. 1–3).
Control of Redox Potential by Deprotonation of Coordinated 1H‐Imidazole in Complexes of 2‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine
Authors: Stupka Gilles , Gremaud Ludovic , Williams Alan F.
Published: March 2005

Complexes [ML3]2+ of the bidentate ligand 2‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine were prepared with iron(II), cobalt(II), and ruthenium(II). The electronic spectra suggest the ligand to be a weaker σ‐donor and π‐acceptor than the closely related 2,2′‐bipyridine. The complexes are readily deprotonated by addition of base, and the effect of the deprotonation is to lower the MIII/MII redox potential by roughly 900 mV. This is roughly 75% of the drop observed for related complexes of 2,6‐di‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐ylpyridine, and suggests the effect to be largely coulombic in origin.
Extending the Pressure–Temperature State Diagram of Myoglobin
Authors: Meersman Filip , Smeller László , Heremans Karel
Published: March 2005

The pressure–temperature (P,T) diagram of proteins proposed by Hawley concerns the equilibrium between native and denatured forms. However, the importance of protein aggregation is increasingly recognized, and it has been suggested that certain aggregated states represent alternative folds of the polypeptide chain. Here, we present a P,T‐diagram for myoglobin in which we include the aggregated state and suggest to call it a P,T‐state diagram, as not all boundaries are true equilibrium transitions. We observe by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that increasing temperature causes the protein to aggregate, but that a subsequent further temperature increase results in the dissociation of this aggregate. Moreover, we observe that moderate pressures stabilize myoglobin against thermal denaturation. We hypothesize that this effect originates from the volume changes associated with the aggregation transition.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Water‐Soluble Hydrides of RuII: A Step towards Dinitrogen Activation?
Authors: Loy Maxime , Laurenczy Gábor
Published: March 2005

The basic aqueous coordination chemistry of RuII has been studied using the catalytically important TPPTS phosphine (TPPTS=trisodium salt of 3,3′,3″‐phosphinetriylbenzenesulfonic acid) and small gas molecules (H2, CO, N2) as ligands. As a result, new water‐soluble ruthenium mixed hydride complexes, presumably key species in many industrial catalytic processes, have been formed and identified. The RuII mixed hydrides were synthesized, and their formation was followed in situ by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, pressurizing aqueous RuIITPPTS systems with H2 and CO gas in sapphire NMR tubes. The formation equilibrium of these complexes is highly dependant on the temperature and the gas pressures. Under 50 atm of N2, the unique [RuH(CO)(N2)(TPPTS)2(H2O)]+ complex has been identified, which could be the first step toward dinitrogen activation.
Allyl‐Functionalised Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterisation, and Reactivity
Authors: Zhao Dongbin , Fei Zhaofu , Geldbach Tilmann J. , Scopelliti Rosario , Laurenczy Gábor , Dyson Paul J.
Published: March 2005

The two known Me‐ and allyl‐substituted 1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromides 1 and 2, respectively, were converted to the corresponding BF$\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ and BPh$\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ salts 3–6 (Scheme 1). Compounds 3 and 4 were liquids at ambient temperature. Reaction of 1 or 2 with [PdCl2] afforded the corresponding 2 : 1 imidazolium/metal complexes 7 and 8. The latter complex, melting at 58°, can be regarded as a ‘true’ ionic liquid. Attempts to polymerise 7 by radical promotion (AIBN) were unsuccessful, but resulted in the centrosymmetric 2 : 1 complex 9. The allyl group of 1 could be arylated (giving rise to 10) or hydrogenated (at 100 bar H2 pressure). The solid‐state structures of compounds 5–7 and 9 were solved by means of single‐crystal X‐ray analyses (Figs. 1–4).
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Hydroformylation Activity of Sterically Demanding, Phosphite‐Modified Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Meijboom Reinout , Haumann Marco , Roodt Andreas , Damoense Llewellyn
Published: March 2005

The dinuclear complex [Co2(CO)6{P(O‐2,4‐t‐Bu2C6H3)3}2] (6) has been synthesised and fully characterised. X‐Ray crystal‐structure analysis revealed a trans‐diaxial geometry, no bridging carbonyls, and CoCo and CoP bond lengths of 2.706(5) and 2.134(4) Å, respectively. The hydroformylation of pent‐1‐ene in the presence of 6 was studied at 120–180° at pressures between 20 and 80 bar Syngas. High‐pressure (HP) spectroscopy (IR, NMR) was used to detect potential hydride intermediates. HP‐IR Studies revealed the formation of [CoH(CO)3{P(O‐2,4‐t‐Bu2C6H3)3}] (2) at ca. 105°, with no significant amount of [CoH(CO)4] detectable. The intermediate 2 was synthesised and characterised. The formation of the undesired complex [CoH(CO)2{P(O‐2,4‐t‐Bu2C6H3)3}2] was completely suppressed due to the large cone angle of the sterically demanding phosphite.
Fibrin adhesive implant in wound healing repair of dental sockets with topical application of epsilon aminocaproic acid: Histological analysis
Authors: Padovan Luis Eduardo M. , Okamoto Tetuo , Rezende Maria Cristina Rossifini Alves , Curvêllo Victor Prado , Nicolielo Daniela , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi
Published: March 2005

The aim of the study was to evaluate wound healing repair of dental sockets after topical application of 5% epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) and the use of fibrin adhesive implant in rats under anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. Sixty Albinus wistar rats were used, divided into three groups of 20. In Group I, the animals were given 0.1 mL/100 mg of 0.9% saline solution per day, beginning 6 days before dental extraction and continuing throughout the experimental period. In Group II, the animals received 0.03 mL of sodium warfarin daily, beginning 6 days before the surgery and continuing until the day of sacrifice; after tooth extractions, the sockets were filled with fibrin adhesive material. In Group III the animals were treated as in Group II, and after extractions, the sockets were irrigated with 5 mL of 5% EACA and filled with the same fibrin adhesive material. All groups presented biological phases of wound healing repair, the differences being evident only in the chronology. The results obtained in Group III were very similar to those of Group I in the last period of wound repair, whereas Group II presented a late chronology compared to the other groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
Cortical bone screw fixation in ionically modified apatite cements
Authors: Barralet J. E. , Duncan C. O. , Dover M. S. , Bassett D. C. , Nishikawa H. , Monaghan A. , Gbureck U.
Published: March 2005

Hydroxyapatite cements are used in reconstruction of the face; usually in well‐defined cavities where the cement can be stabilized without the need for internal fixation. A hydroxyapatite cement that could enable screw fixation and some loading therefore has considerable potential in maxillofacial reconstruction. It has been demonstrated recently that water demand of calcium phosphate cements can be reduced by ionically modifying the liquid component. This study investigated the capacity of an ionically modified precompacted apatite cement to retain self‐tapping cortical bone screws. Screw pullout forces were determined in the direction of the screw long axis and perpendicular to it, using cortical bone and polymethylmethacrylate cement as a control. In bending pullout tests, measured forces to remove screws from ionically modified precompacted cement were insignificantly different from cortical bone. However, pullout forces of bone screws from hydroxyapatite cement decreased with aging time in vitro. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
Combination of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the detection of 21 anabolic steroid residues in bovine urine
Authors: Van Poucke Christof , Van De Velde Mario , Van Peteghem Carlos
Published: March 2005

For the detection of anabolic steroid residues in bovine urine, a highly sensitive liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed using both positive and negative ionization. For four compounds the ESI mode was not sensitive enough and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric GC/MS detection was therefore still necessary as a complementary method. The sample clean‐up consisted of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) on a C18 column followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and a second solid‐phase extraction on a combination of a C18 and a NH2 column. After this last SPE clean‐up, the eluate was split into two equal aliquots. One aliquot was further purified and after derivatization used for GC/MS analysis. The other aliquot was analyzed with LC/MS/MS in both ESI+ and ESI− modes. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits (CCα) were between 0.16 and 1 ng ml−1 for the compounds detected with the LC/MS/MS method. The developed method is used in routine analysis in our laboratory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryoablation and cryolocalization in the management of breast disease
Authors: Whitworth Pat W. , Rewcastle John C.
Published: March 2005

Cryotechnology is currently used for both treatment and diagnosis of breast disease. Due to the natural analgesic effect of cold, cryoablation is potentially more patient‐friendly than other technologies which raise tissue temperature. Freezing produces a predictable volume of necrosis and is easily observed and controlled during treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that, as a primary therapy for breast fibroadenoma, cryoablation is safe and effective with durable results that can be reproduced in community practices. Certain barriers do exist before cryoablation, or any other in situ ablation, can become a standard therapy for the treatment of localized breast malignancy. Investigations are underway to refine patient selection criteria and develop valid confirmatory assays so that clinical trials can begin. Cryolocalization, which creates a well‐delineated, palpable mass of frozen tissue encompassing a tumor, is a relatively new application of cold in medicine. This strategy promises to reduce positive margin rates during lumpectomy of non‐ or barely‐palpable tumors. Finally, cryotechnology now also aids in the collection of tissue for histological analysis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:1–9. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful use of letrozole in male breast cancer: A case report and review of hormonal therapy for male breast cancer
Authors: Zabolotny Brent P. , Zalai Christian V. , Meterissian Sarkis H.
Published: March 2005

Male breast cancer is an uncommon occurrence. Treatment of male breast cancer is typically extrapolated from data on the treatment of female breast cancer. Recently, aromatase inhibition has been proven as an effective therapy for female breast cancer, particularly in the setting of advanced cancers. The efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in males, however, has not been established. We report the successful treatment of a male with locally advanced breast cancer using the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:26–30. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous rupture of adrenal pheochromocytoma: Review and analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Iwai Akira , Takahashi Ryo , Ide Yoshihiro , Nishizawa Koji , Mitsumori Kenji
Published: March 2005

Background and Objectives

Because of its rarity, the clinical characteristics of the manifestation of a ruptured pheochromocytoma and factors influencing on treatment outcomes in patients are still unclear.

Methods

A comprehensive MEDLINE review of the literature on pheochromocytomas, rupture and hemorrhage was performed. Based on the review and one additional case of our hospital, statistical analysis was undertaken to analyze the association of clinical outcome with clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis, and treatment modality.

Results

We identified 49 other cases of hemorrhagic pheochromocytoma in the literature. After our case was added, a review of all 50 cases revealed that 17 of 38 that could not undergo adequately prepared (elective) surgery died, while all 12 patients who underwent elective surgery survived (P = 0.004). An accurate preoperative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was associated with elective surgery (P < 0.0001), and hemodynamic instability (shock status) was a significant factor for a failed diagnosis and inadequate management, resulting in a poor prognosis (P = 0.023).

Conclusions

Although it is a very rare condition, physicians should be aware that a pheochromocytoma can bleed and present acutely in the abdomen with shock; an accurate diagnosis and adequately prepared surgical removal are important for a good postoperative prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:31–35. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatectomy plus intraoperative radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy to treat technically unresectable multiple colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Elias Dominique , Baton Olivier , Sideris Lucas , Boige Valérie , Malka David , Liberale Gabriel , Pocard Marc , Lasser Philippe
Published: March 2005

Background

Results and indications of intra‐operative radiofrequency (RF) ablation of liver metastases (LM) are not well defined in the literature.

Aim

To appreciate the survival rate of patients with strictly unresectable LM (defined on technical but not oncological criteria) when undergoing liver resection plus RF, along with optimal systemic chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

Sixty three patients with technically unresectable LM (either >5, or bilateral with no sparing of at least one sector of the liver, or with tumor proximity to central major vascular structures) were treated. Extrahepatic metastases were also resected in 27% of patients. All patients received perioperative chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 27.6 months (range: 15–74).

Results

There was no postoperative mortality and the morbidity rate was 27%. The 2‐year overall survival rate of the 63 patients was 67% with a median survival of 36 months. The local recurrence rates were similar for the three types of local treatments: 7.1% for the 154 RF ablations, 7.2% for the 55 wedge resections, and 9% for the 44 segmental anatomic resections (P = 0.216). Hepatic recurrences occurred in 71% of patients.

Conclusion

The combination of anatomic segmental and wedge resections, RF ablation, and optimal chemotherapy in patients with technically unresectable LM results in a median survival of 36 months. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:36–42. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of inorganic salts during the etching process in the fabrication of chemically modified capillaries for open tubular electrochromatography
Authors: Pesek Joseph J. , Matyska Maria T. , Velpula Sunandini
Published: March 2005

Capillaries for use in electrophoretic analyses are etched with ammonium bifluoride and in some cases a second inorganic salt is included in the process. The effects of the presence of these inorganic components in the surface matrix on the electromigration of heterocyclic aromatic amines and enkephalins are evaluated. Resolution, efficiency, and peak shape are used to compare the various columns. In one instance, the etched surface is then modified by the addition of an octadecyl moiety using a silanization/hydrosilation procedure. The surface properties of the various etched capillaries are also compared by electroosmotic flow measurements.
The effect of landscape and retreating glaciers on wind erosion in South Iceland
Authors: Gisladottir F. O. , Arnalds O. , Gisladottir G.
Published: March 2005

The retreat of glaciers in Iceland due to climate warming during the last century has resulted in changed hydrological conditions at glacial margins and in larger sandy areas. Subsequently, aeolian processes have become more active. The aim of this research was to study wind erosion south of Langjökull glacier and the development of encroaching sand, as well as the influence of macro and micro topography on the processes. Automatic instruments and aeolian dust traps were used to monitor wind erosion and to estimate its dependence on surface roughness. Digital elevation model was used to analyse the effect of macro topography on sand encroachment. The study indicates that large quantities of sand have moved southwards from the glacial moraine and drained lakes. The spatial distribution of the sand confirms a dominating aeolian transportation by northerly dry winds. The topography influences wind directions and the flux of aeolian materials. Threshold velocities (wind speed measured at 2 m height) ranged from 6·2 m s−1 on level land to 10·7 m s−1 on rough surfaces. Flux can exceed 1000 kg m−1 hr−1 at 17 m s−1 wind speed. Slopes exceeding 7 per cent reduce or halt sand movement. Rough surfaces immobilize the aeolian material until accumulated material has leveled the surface, after that the flux continues. The intensified aeolian processes have buried previously vegetated areas and it is likely that continued glacier retreat due to climate warming will cause further land degradation in this area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing secondary salinity of rivers in South‐Western Australia: An evaluation of the water resource recovery catchment approach
Authors: Lothian J. , Conacher A.
Published: March 2005

Salinization of soils and water is an increasing problem of land degradation in many countries, including large parts of Australia. Recognition of the problem has led to a number of government‐directed programs both nationally and regionally. Direct support has been provided by the Western Australian Government to manage secondary water salinization of rivers in what are termed Water Resource Recovery Catchments (WRRCs) of the state's south‐west. The goal of the WRRC approach is to maintain or restore the quality of water at the potential or existing damsites to potable levels.

The research reported in this paper evaluated the merits and limitations of the WRRC approach by examining scientific and agency literature and data, surveying government agencies, and interviewing representatives of stakeholders directly involved in managing the WRRCs. It was found that substantial efforts have been made to encourage on‐ground implementation of fencing, revegetation, establishing perennials and other salinity‐management strategies. However, these strategies generally have been insufficient to prevent continuing degradation of the WRRCs due to lack of clearing control enforcement, the slow response of upper catchments to treatment, and the insufficient scale of the treatments. Objectives other than dealing with salinization in particular also need to be identified and pursued. A newly‐created government agency—the Department of Environment—is well‐placed to direct such a broadened approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of unconfined mine tailings on the geochemistry of soils, sediments and surface waters of the lousal area (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Southern Portugal)
Authors: Da Silva E. Ferreira , Fonseca E. Cardoso , Matos J. X. , Patinha C. , Reis P. , Santos Oliveira J. M.
Published: March 2005

The former Lousal mine, on the SW limb of the Lousal anticline, closed in 1988. Today Lousal is a small village, with much evidence of environmental and landscape disturbance. This is largely the legacy of mining and mine tailings dumped around the site, which, in turn, caused soil contamination and acid mine drainage. Particular attention is being given by the Portuguese Government to this sort of problem, bearing in mind the State's responsibilities for the abandoned mine sites that occur in many parts of the Country.

Despite the semiarid climatic conditions of the area, a visual inspection of the mine site indicates that the tailings are affected by considerable water erosion, particularly during large rainfall events.

Significant amounts of Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Hg, occur within the soil collected near the tailing deposits (292–7013 mg kg−1 Cu, 871–12 930 mg kg−1 Pb, 126–7481 mg kg−1 Zn, 597–6377 mg kg−1 As, 0·2–16·4 mg kg−1 Cd and 1–130 mg kg−1 Hg) and in stream sediments downstream of the tailings site (1–1986 mg kg−1 Cu, 41‐5981 mg kg−1 Pb, 17–1756 mg kg−1 Zn, 6–1988 mg kg−1 As and 0·2–5·7 mg kg−1 Cd). All the soil samples collected in the tailings deposits exceed the permissible levels.

Near the mine site, significant acid mine drainage is associated with the pyritic material and such waters show values of pH ranging from 1·9 to 2·9 and concentrations of 9249 to 20 700 mg L−1 SO, 959 to 4830 mg L−1 Fe and 136 to 624 mg L−1 A1. Meanwhile, the acid effluents and mixed stream waters also carry high contents of SO, Fe, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As, generally exceeding the Fresh Water Aquatic Life Acute Criteria. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.