bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saliva as a Diagnostic Aid in COVID-19
Authors: Shetty Prashant , Udhani Barkha , Makandar Saleem D. , Alawi Rabihah , Noorani Tahir Yusuf , Jha Neetu , Bapna Pradeep A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and virulent infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The symptoms arise within 2 to 14 days after the infection. The specimens are collected from the upper respiratory tract through nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. This sampling requires close contact with COVID-19 patients and may directly cause transmission to health care professionals. Saliva specimens can be collected easily by asking patients to spit into a sterile container.

Materials and Methods:

In the current study, the selected patients (n = 20) were those who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to the hospital. After getting approval from ethical committee of the hospital, both nasopharyngeal swab specimens and the salivary samples of each patient were collected and tested using standard procedure of real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

The mean cycle threshold values obtained from both the sampling techniques were correlated. It was seen that there was no significant difference between them. The advantage of using saliva as a specimen is in the overall specimen collection procedure and its cost and time effectiveness. The diagnosis of COVID-19 through a rapid test procedure using salivary samples could be a boon to dentists.

Conclusion:

This would help in the detection of positive asymptomatic carriers of the virus among the patients who come to seek dental treatment and reduce the risk of infection in the dental office. The results of this study clearly show that the values obtained from the two sampling techniques are closely related, and hence saliva could definitely be considered as a diagnostic aid for COVID-19.
Evaluation of Cachectin Level in Preterm Neonates as an Indicator of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Amina , Khalil Mona , Omar Hanan , Khashana Abdelmoneim
Published: July 2021

Background:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal system of the preterm infants (gestational age less than 37 weeks). Cachectin is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.

Aim:

To evaluate the level of blood cachectin (TNF-α) in preterm neonates as an indicator for NEC.

Material and Methods:

The present study was designed as an analytical cross-sectional study that included two groups: i) preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) admitted at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Suez Canal University Hospital (n = 25), and ii) healthy preterm neonates (n = 25) who served as a normal control group. All neonates subjected to prenatal, natal and postnatal history, Physical examination, and blood samples were taken from cases once diagnosed as suspected NEC, proven NEC, or advanced NEC and from healthy preterm neonates when taking full oral feeding as a control. Then, measurement of cachectin level was done by ELISA kits.

Results:

It was found that neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis had significantly higher cachectin level (365.91 ± 260.76 ng/L) than healthy controls (83.92 ± 44.01 ng/L) (P < 0.001) and was also found that cachectin (TNF-α) levels are higher in NEC patients with complications. It was also found that cachectin (TNF-α) level of 116.6 was the best cut-off points with sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 90% for prediction of NEC among preterm neonates.

Conclusion:

The level of serum cachectin is higher in neonates with NEC than in healthy preterm neonates and it can be used as an indicator for early diagnosis of NEC.
A Standardized Approach to Routine Cranial Ultrasonography in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lal Nishita , Garg Shalabh , Lal Mithilesh
Published: July 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of routine cranial ultrasonography in preterm infants under 32 weeks' gestation with their neuromotor outcome at 2 years.

Methods:

This was a prospective, single-center, cohort study of preterm infants under 32 weeks' gestation. Each infant had an early (within 1 week of birth) and late (at 6 weeks postnatal age) cranial ultrasound scan performed. Each infant's scan result was independently assessed for the presence of major cranial abnormalities, such as intraventricular hemorrhage Grade 3 or 4, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, and porencephalic cyst. All surviving infants who returned for follow-up at 2 years' corrected age had their neuromotor development assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The predictive value of major cranial abnormalities for the neuromotor delay was derived.

Results:

A total of 134 infants were included over 2 year. Of the 89 children with no major abnormality, 78 did not have a significant neuromotor delay, giving a negative predictive value of 87.6%. Of the six children with major abnormalities, two had a significant neuromotor delay, giving a positive predictive value of 33.3%.

Conclusions:

The absence of a major abnormality on quality-controlled routine cranial ultrasound scan in preterm infants under 32 weeks' gestation appears to be a good predictor of no significant abnormality in neuromotor development at 2 years of age.
The Role of Probiotics in Preventing Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Teran Carlos G. , Grandy Giuseppe , Walker-Pizarro Nur
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Neonatal jaundice is a common condition and an important cause of hospital admissions. This report reviews the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri and Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing high bilirubin levels and associated phototherapy admissions.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized study involving three groups. Group 1 was designated as a control and received no intervention. During the first 4 days of life, Group 2 received a concentrated dose of L. reuteri whereas Group 3 received a concentrated dose of S. boulardii. Bilirubinemia levels were assessed on day 4.

Results:

The sample size consisted of 98 subjects, including 36 in control Group 1, 31 in Group 2, and 31 in Group 3. The mean bilirubinemia at day 4 was 14.7 mg/dl in control Group 1, 13.8 mg/dl in Group 2, and 14.9 mg/dl in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Group 2 accounted for the most subjects (45%) in the low-to-intermediate-risk zone, compared to 30% in control Group 1 and 29% in Group 3 (P < 0.05). Eight subjects required light therapy, including two in Group 2 and three in each of control Group 1 and Group 3 (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The use of probiotics to prevent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or bring down phototherapy admissions does not appear to be cost-effective.
Dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil in 2019
Authors: Mohammadi Soudabeh , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Dadkhah Behroz
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim:

Tooth decay as a significant but preventable public health priority continues to be a common disease in developing countries, including Iran, which is particularly prevalent among children. The present study aims to determine dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil, Iran in 2019.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 581 elementary school students selected through cluster random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2019. Demographic data was collected using questionnaire and anthropometric indices (height, weight) were measured using the weighing scale and stadiometer, and dental caries was evaluated using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index (dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent).

Results:

The mean age of students was 9.61 ± 1.76 years, and 50.8% of them were female. 20.7% (n = 120) were obese, and 19.1% (n = 111) were overweight. The overall prevalence of caries was 74.9% (n = 435) in primary teeth, 72.8% (n = 423) in permanent teeth, and 96.6% (n = 561) in all teeth. The average dmft and DMFT scores were 4.16 ± 3.72 and 1.96 ± 1.76, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between body mass index and dmft (r = −0.146, P < 0.0001) and DMFT (r = −0.111, P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

The findings showed that prevalence of dental caries in elementary school children in Ardabil city is higher than global standards, obese and over-weight children experience fewer caries compared to normal-weight children, and there is a significant relation between not brushing the teeth and dental caries.
Pain perception of children after restorative treatments
Authors: Pascareli-Carlos Aline Maquiné , Martins Laíza Fernandes , Silva Gonçalves Monicque de Silva , Pettorossi Imparato José Carlos , Tedesco Tamara Kerber
Published: July 2021

Background:

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and chemomechanical removal of dental caries have been shown to be safe and effective restorative procedures. However, current literature lacks well-design studies comparing the pain perceived by infants using ART and chemo-mechanical removal techniques.

Aims:

To compare pain perception of children of two techniques (ART vs. chemomechanical removal) of restorative treatments for dental caries removal.

Settings and Design:

A randomized clinical trial with two parallels arms (1:1) was conducted in the cities of Manaus (AM) and Uberlândia (MG), Brazil.

Methods:

Children between 4 and 9 years old were selected. In both groups - ART (n = 20) and chemomechanical caries removal (Papaya® gel) (n = 20) - oximeter measurements (heart rate and blood oxygenation) were performed before the intervention and until the complete removal of the infected caries dentin. At the end of the treatment, a Wong-Baker scale was used to assess pain perception during the procedure. An independent researcher measured, in minutes, the duration of each technique.

Statistical Analysis:

Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the outcome and the explicative variables.

Results:

No statistical difference in pain perception between the two procedures of carious tissue removal was observed. By contrast, a lower heart rate was observed when chemomechanical removal was used (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:

Children that underwent chemomechanical caries removal presented lower heart rate compared to those who underwent ART. However, both techniques showed minimal or absent perceived pain.
Transient congenital hypothyroidism – too short to be transient
Authors: Subramaniam K
Published: July 2021

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs due to thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid ectopy, and dyshormonogenesis. A proportion of CH is transient which might be due to iodine deficiency/excess or maternal antibody-mediated. Certain forms of dyshormonogenetic defects may cause transient hypothyroidism. Here is a report of a neonate with overt clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism, who on evaluation was found to have dyshormonogenesis with a homozygous mutation in dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene. During infancy, she became euthyroid. Severe in utero deficiency of thyroid hormone, very short duration of hypothyroidism and first-reported mutation of the DUOX2 gene in the Indian subcontinent were interesting features in this infant.
Comparison of two water measurement systems for feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Palhares Júlio Cesar Pascale , Morelli Marcela , Novelli Táisla Inara , Méo Filho Paulo De , Hisatugu Matheus Toshio
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to compare cattle drinking water consumption collected electronically with that of direct human observation using water metres and to analyse whether an automated system compensates due to its greater precision. The study was conducted in the feedlot of Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste. The reference unit had four pens: two with electronic drinkers and two with water metres. Experiment 1 utilised 52 Nelore steers and Experiment 2 utilised 44 Canchim steers. Nelore fed a conventional diet, the automated system median daily water intake (DWI) was higher than for animals drinking from the water metre, 17.9 L day-1 and 15.6 L day-1. The reverse was observed for animals fed the co-product diet, the automated system median DWI was 18.9 L day-1 and in the water metre pen was 23.0 L day-1. When the Canchim drank from water metres, the median DWI was lower than with the automated system group, 25.9 L day-1 and 27.8 L day-1, respectively. In Experiment 1, there was a statistical difference between the two sets of equipment for both diets. In Experiment 2, the animals were the same breed, had similar weights and were fed the same diet. There was no statistical difference between the equipment in these conditions. The results indicate that the water meter can have the same performance as high technology at a much lower cost. If a more simplified system for measuring water consumption has the same performance as an automated system, this will justify its use with environmental and economic advantages.
О приближении мер их конечномерными образами
Authors: Bogachev Vladimir Igorevich
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрены борелевские меры на сепарабельных банаховых пространствах, являющиеся пределами своих конечномерных образов в слабой топологии. Введен класс банаховых пространств, на которых таковы все меры. Указанное свойство доказано для всех мер из замыкания по вариации линейной оболочки множества мер, абсолютно непрерывных относительно гауссовских мер. Рассмотрены связи со свойствами аппроксимации и стохастической аппроксимации.
Гиперэллиптические сигма-функции и полиномы Адлера-Мозера
Authors: Buchstaber Victor Matveevich , Bunkova Elena Yurievna
Published: July 2021

В работе В. М. Бухштабера и Д. В. Лейкина, опубликованной в 2004 г. в журнале «Функциональный анализ и его приложения», для каждого $g>0$ была построена система из $2g$ многомерных уравнений теплопроводности в неголономном репере.
Сигма-функция универсальной гиперэллиптической кривой рода $g$ является решением этой системы.
В нашей предыдущей работе, опубликованной в журнале «Функциональный анализ и его приложения», были получены явные выражения для операторов Шрeдингера, определяющих уравнения рассматриваемой системы в гиперэллиптическом случае.
В данной работе на основе этих результатов показано, что если начальное условие является полиномом, то решение рассматриваемой системы определено однозначно с точностью до постоянного множителя.
Это находит важные приложения в широко известной задаче разложения в ряд гиперэллиптической сигма-функции.
Дано явное описание связи таких решений с известными полиномами Бурхналла-Чаунди и Адлера-Мозера. Найдена система линейных дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка, определяющая соответствующий полином Адлера-Мозера.
A multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolate from Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi
Authors: Kumwenda Geoffrey Peterkins , Kasambara Watipaso , Phiri Abel , Chizani Kenneth , Banda Alick , Choonara Faheema , Lichapa Burnet
Published: July 2021

BackgroundStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a significant opportunistic pathogen that is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we describe a multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. maltophilia clinical isolate from Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi.MethodsA ceftriaxone and meropenem nonsusceptible isolate (Sm-MW08), recovered in December 2017 at KCH, was referred to the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory for identification. In April 2018, we identified the isolate using MALDI Biotyper mass spectrometry and determined its antimicrobial susceptibility profile using microdilution methods. Sm-MW08 was analysed by S1- PFGE, PCR, and Sanger sequencing, in order to ascertain the genotypes that were responsible for the isolate`s multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype.ResultsSm-MW08 was identified as S. maltophilia and exhibited resistance to a range of antibiotics, including all β-lactams, aminoglycosides (except arbekacin), chloramphenicol, minocycline, fosfomycin and fluoroquinolones, but remained susceptible to colistin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The isolate did not harbour any plasmid but did carry chromosomally-encoded blaL1 metallo-βlactamase and blaL2 β-lactamase genes; this was consistent with the isolate’s resistance profile. No other resistance determinants were detected, suggesting that the MDR phenotype exhibited by Sm-MW08 was innate.ConclusionHerein, we have described an MDR S. maltophilia from KCH in Malawi, that was resistant to almost all locally available antibiotics. We therefore recommend the practice of effective infection prevention measures to curtail spread of this organism.
Healing our Brokenness: A pastoral care approach
Authors: Jibiliza Xolisa , Kumalo Prof. S.R
Published: July 2021

Pastors, priests and ministers of congregations and all people of faith, are called to communicate the faithfulness and care of the Creator to the adherents of the faith. This needs to be carried out in the contexts in which communities live and through the ways people experience challenges in life and seek healing. This research paper sought to acknowledge the healing of our brokenness using a pastoral care approach as the lenses through which to explore the issues. The paper revealed some themes such as a definition of what pastoral care includes, what the researcher thinks about pastoral care and the methodology that the researcher has used. Furthermore, this paper sought to give an impact of the pastoral care in the lives of church members who are experiencing a sense of brokenness. Community pastoral care is required to integrate the revelation of the Kingdom of God and His grace and blessings, as well as the prospect of a solid association with Him when it comes to being whole. Such a linkage will serve to transform the life of the people in a community under duress. For healing to take its course, forgiveness has to be effected and then a reconciliation can then be the enhancer of healing. Grounds therefore need to open for people to speak openly with no biases being the stumbling blocks for them in revealing their feelings and frustrations. The predominant theological understanding of interpersonal forgiveness, as it is portrayed in Christian Scriptures and the teachings of Jesus, is that interpersonal and divine forgiveness are inextricably related. Theologically, one cannot consider the forgiveness of another person outside the context of God’s forgiveness. Brokenness
is part of our lives because we are born into sin. This paper also reveals to a limited extent the impacts of the spiritual discipline of prayer, pastoral care in a process of healing, preaching as counseling tool for healing, and healing of total depravity.
Characterization of a Mild Steel by Its Mutual Tensile Mechanical and Micromagnetic Emission Response After Corrosion in NaCl – Water Solution: a Combind Semiquantitive Approach
Authors: Altzoumailisa A. F. , Kytopoulos V. N.
Published: July 2021

In this work, the influence of corrosion – induced hydrogen accumulation on a stressed low- carbon steel after exposure to NaCl - water solution was investigated by means of its combined tensile mechanical and Micromagnetic emission (ME) - response. The investigation was conducted by employing certain relevant parameters and processes of mechanical and magnetic microstructural changes. The mechanical and Micromagnetic response data were reduced to the ultimate tensile strength as well as to maximum (ME) - response respectively where certain critical- characteristic microstructural- transitional changes take place. Under these conditions and by an appropriate procedure of “consecutive - selective discrimination steps” of the related affecting factors their differential influence on the mechanical and ME – response was better revealed, compared and analyzed. In this manner it was demonstrated that the detrimental influence of cumulative hydrogen arises in from of mechanical embrittlement which can be related to a parallel magnetic hardening trend of the material. The explanations are given on the basis of highly localized and competitive or opposing processes of void initiation- growth and stress relive, resulting by a common lattice diffusion, as well as moving dislocation- aided transport of hydrogen to the affected sites. Within the frame of the above findings it was shown that the ME-response presents, compared with mechanical response, an increased sensitivity making the first a superior technique in early detecting hydrogen- assisted microstructural damage in loaded steel components
Mathematical Tools to Understand the Field Theories of the Standard Model and Beyond
Authors: Durand Philippe
Published: July 2021

Since Isaac Newton the understanding of the physical world is more and more complex. The Euclidean space of three dimensions , independent of time is replaced in Enstein’s vision by the Lorentzian space-time at first, then by four dimensions manifold to unify space and matter. String theorists add to space more dimensions to make their theory consistent. Complex topological invariants which characterize different kind of spaces are developed. Space is discretized at the quantum scale in the loop quantum gravity theory. A non-commutative and spectral geometry is defined from the theory of operator algebra by Alain Connes. In this review, our goal is to enumerate different approaches implementing algebra and topology in order to understand the standard model of particles and beyond
Heart Failure and Aortic Stiffening in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: KUŞ Özgür , ŞENSOY Barış , TEMIZHAN Ahmet
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore a possible relationship between aortic stiffness parameters and diastolic function in patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic diastolic dysfunction, and subsequently, the effect of aortic stiffness parameters on the progression from asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction to clinical diastolic heart failure.

Methods: Seventy-five subjects were enrolled in the study of whom 20 had diastolic heart failure with the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) >50%, 20 had asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction with LVEF>50%, 16 had hypertension with normal diastolic function, and 19 were normotensive healthy subjects. Ascending aorta recordings for measuring aortic strain and distensibility as markers of aortic stiffness were obtained from a spot nearly 3 cm above the aortic valve using 2-D echocardiography under M-mode. Doppler echocardiography and 2-D echocardiographic measurements were used to determine diastolic function.

Results: While no statistically significant difference in aortic strain or distensibility values was observed between the asymptomatic group and the diastolic heart failure group; however, E/E’ values were higher in the heart failure group [12.1 (10.0-17.1) vs. 10.0 (6.2-22.5)] (p=0.014). Aortic strain and distensibility values significantly decreased as E/E’ values increased (r = −0.416; p < 0.001 and r = −0.576; p < 0.001, respectively) for pooled data from all groups.

Conclusion: Although aortic stiffness parameters did not have a direct effect on the progression from asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction to diastolic heart failure, echocardiographic monitoring of these parameters may be beneficial in identifying patients who would progress to clinical heart failure from diastolic dysfunction.
Insurance Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: S Thanuj Kumar , Deep Utsav , Shoiab Syed , Atif Syed , Bhatnagar Tejas , T Ramesh
Published: July 2021

Every year, the insurance industry losing billions of dollars due to fraud. The act when a person makes fake insurance claims to gain benefits, compensation & other advantages to which they are not entitled is known as Insurance Fraud. Nowadays insurance fraud detection is becoming a tedious problem for insurance companies to deal with as they need more investment and workforces to keep track of every transaction. In this paper, we are focusing on the major issue faced by insurance companies that is insurance fraud. we use the machine learning technique to detect insurance fraud based on the transactional data given by the insurance company. We build predictive models and compare their performance by calculation of confusion matrix then it is evaluated on various performance measuring parameters like accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and on AUC curve. SVM (Support Vector Machine) and XG Boost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) are the machine learning algorithms used. After model evaluation, we select the best model for prediction.
Formulation and evaluation of Kirinyuh Leaf effervescent granules (Chromolaena Odorata. L) as an antioxidant
Authors: Gustaman Firman , Idacahyati Keni , Wulandari Winda Trisna
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Kirinyuh leaf is a widely grown plant in Indonesia, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Flavonoids are compounds that can capture free radicals or act as natural antioxidants. Effervescent granules can mask the bitter taste and simplify the dissolving process without involving manual stirring.   
Aim: The purpose of this study was to make and evaluate a formulation of effervescent granules of Kirinyuh leaf extract.   
Methods: The granule method was carried out by the wet granulation method. Granule evaluation included organoleptic test, water content test, dissolve time test, flow time test, pH test, and hedonic test.  
Results: Organoleptic test results showed similar granule size, slightly brownish colour, and characteristics of Kirinyuh leaf odour. When examining their quality, the granules produced met the requirements, with moisture content between 0.4% and 0.7%, dissolving time of 30-35 seconds, flow time test of 8-8.5 g/second, and pH of 5.6-5.8; the results of the hedonic test showed that the effervescent granule preparation was much preferred.
The potential effect of the green coffee extract on reducing atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Christianty Fransiska Maria , Fajrin Fifteen Aprila , Roni Andrean
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The high prevalence of dyslipidemia triggers the development of green coffee supplement products, which are claimed as cholesterol-lowering and slimming agents. Nonetheless, research data on the effect of taking green coffee supplement products, especially regarding cardiovascular function, is limited.   

Aims: To determine the potential effect of green coffee extract (GCE) on improving atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiac histopathology in hyperlipidemic rats.   

Methods: 24 rats were induced by high-fat feed for 21 days. Then, the rats were treated with a GCE, dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bodyweight for 14 days. The next day, blood was collected from the rats to take  measurements of their serum lipid profile and calculating their AIP. The heart organ was created by using histopathological preparations.    

Results: Administration of GCE in all doses significantly reduced the AIP and improved cardiac histopathology in the hyperlipidemic rats.    

Conclusions: GCE can be developed as a cardio-protector.
The influence of extracts and fractions from matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata) on angiotensin I levels
Authors: Purwidyaningrum Ika , Peranginangin Jason Merari , Sahira Iyem
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The matoa plant (Pometia pinnata) leaves can be used to treat hypertension. Matoa leaves are thought to have antihypertensive activity because they contain flavonoids. These flavonoids can reduce blood pressure that is modulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It is suspected that matoa leaves have antihypertensive activity as they contain quercetin which is a compound that is presumed to be an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.  

Aims: This study aims to determine which extracts and fractions from matoa leaves are able to decrease angiotensin I levels.     

Methods: The extraction was done by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent and fractionated by a liquid method using an n-hexane fraction solvent, an ethyl acetate fraction, and a water fraction. In this study, 21 male Wistar rats were used as test animals and divided into seven groups: Group I was the normal control, group II was the negative control (CMC-Na 1%), group  III was the positive control (Irbesartan), group IV was given matoa leaf extract with 60 mg/200g body weight ratio, Group V was given 2.34 mg/g fraction of n-hexane, Group VI was given ethyl acetate fraction 9.54 mg/200g ethyl acetate fraction, and Group VII was given water fraction 7.98 mg/200g water fraction. The data obtained was analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Levene test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).   

Results: The results showed that the angiotensin I levels induced by angiotensin II were more significant (p < 0,05) than those in the normal and negative groups. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a 23.6% decrease in angiotensin I level, which was close to the 24.8% decrease in the positive group. The extract from the matoa leaves showed a 17.2% decrease in angiotensin I levels which were close to the 20% decrease in the positive group.
The effect of biofilm formation on the outcome therapy of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) patients in the outpatient clinic and inpatient ward of Dr Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta
Authors: Puspitasari Ika , Nuryastuti Titik , Asdie Rizka Humardewayanti , Sinorita Hemi , Umaroh4 Nusaibah , Hapsari Wahyu Tri
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with incidence rate of about 1.5 – 2.3% per annum with the most complication is Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs).
Aim: This research was conducted to describe the bacteria responsible for biofilm formation and its ability to cause DFIs in biofilm formation at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital as well as the therapy outcome.   
Methods: This research was conducted from September to November 2017. Specimens of samples were obtained from wound swabs of DFIs patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (31 outpatients and 15 inpatients), and were then tested for culture and sensitivity and their ability to form biofilms.   
Results: The DFIs with the biofilm-producing bacteria (weak to moderate) have a different outcome compared to DFIs patients without biofilms.
Effectiveness of combination of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) and Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya L.) in reducing blood sugar levels of diabetic rats
Authors: Ayuwardani Novi , Hariningsih Yetti
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract contain flavonoids that can lower blood sugar levels.     
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic effectiveness of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract and the effective dose of moringa leaf extract and papaya seed extract in reducing blood sugar levels.   
Methods: This study used 24 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by giving rats glucose 10% for four days. Measurement of blood sugar levels was carried out on the 0th, 5th, 8th, and 15th days. The pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2 and T3) blood sugar levels were measured, as well as the percentage of reduction at T2 and T3.     
Results: The result was that the treatment group with an extract combination of 700:500 showed decreased blood sugar levels on day 15 (57.24%), indicating antidiabetic effectiveness of the extract combination.
Comparing the quality of life of neuropathic patients treated with gabapentin and pregabalin at the neuropathic poly of the NTB provincial hospital in 2019
Authors: Qiyaam Nurul , Nopitasari Baiq Leny , Muhajiji Haerul
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is caused by the malfunctioning of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. This pain is chronic and so it disrupts a patient’s quality of life which can lead to them becoming frustrated.   

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of neuropathic patients using either gabapentin or pregabalin at the neuropathic clinic of the Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2019.                   

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique that was used was purposive sampling which was carried out by filling out the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS questionnaires.   

Results: The results showed no significant difference between the quality of life of the patients using gabapentin and the patients using pregabalin as the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire had a value of p = 0.683. There was no significant difference between the quality of life between the gabapentin and pregabalin groups using the EQ-VAS questionnaire which had a value of p = 1.000.
Role of pharmacist in providing drug information and education for patients with chronic diseases during Transition of Care
Authors: Athiyah Umi , Rahem Abdul , Setiawan Catur Dian , Hermansyah Andi
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Community pharmacist can play an active role in improving care for recently discharged patient through provision of information and education and more importantly prevent readmission to hospital.     

Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of pharmacist providing drug information and education for discharged patient with chronic disease.     

Methods: A survey was conducted between July to October 2019 involving 153 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients were purposively recruited from 11 pharmacies in East Java. A questionnaire was used to record patient’s opinion regarding provision of drug information and education by pharmacist. The results were descriptively analysed.     

Results: Overall, patients mentioned that pharmacists mainly provided information about how to use the drugs (83%). The education provided by the pharmacist has improved patients’ understanding about their disease state (70%) and influenced the compliance when using the medicine (68%). Patients acknowledged pharmacist’s effort to ensure the positive outcome of the therapy. However, no data has been recorded whether such service may prevent patients from being readmitted to hospital.     

Conclusion: Pharmacist is at unique position in the transitions of care. Pharmacist can provide information and education that may contribute to improve patient’s understanding and compliance.
Proximate analysis on animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes
Authors: Setyani Wahyuning , Patramurti Christine , Lestari Agatha Budi Susiana , Mcseer Raysha , Gewab Day Stella Maris , Bulu Maria Felix Zita Ina , Kya Maria Regina Lusiana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Fish innards contain 14.01% protein, 20% lipid, 4.75% ash, and 60.62% water. Fish innards are formulated into granules for practicality in their application as animal feed.   

Aim: This research on the proximate analysis of animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes used a descriptive quantitative method.    

Results: The result indicated that the water content measured using the thermogravimetric method was 6.62%, the ash content observed using the dry ashing method was 10.25%, the protein content checked using the biuret method was 37.03%, fat content using the soxhlet method was 6.13%, and carbohydrate content measured using phenol sulfate method was 26.14%.     

Conclusion: These findings show that nutrient contents in the composition of animal feed granules of raw material from fish innards wastes fulfill the regulation of animal feed content based on SNI-8509-2018.
Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) leaf extract activity as an α-Amylase enzyme inhibitor
Authors: Hartini Yustina Sri , Setyaningsih Dewi , Chang Maria Josephine Vivian , Nugrahanti Maria Cyrilla Iglesia Adi
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is an antidiabetic medicinal plant that acts by inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme. Andrographolide, the active compound of sambiloto leaf, is insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol.

Aim: This study compared the in vitro activity of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of sambiloto leaf with the α-amylase enzyme.

Methods: The inhibitory activity test of the α-amylase enzyme was carried out using the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method by measuring the absorbance of the remaining starch, which forms a blue complex with iodine-iodide.

Results: The inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme of the aqueous extract of sambiloto leaf (with the IC50 value of 14.203 ± 0.112 mg/mL) was lower than that of the ethanol extract (with the IC50 value of 9.253 ± 0.116 mg/mL). The results of the statistical tests showed significant differences (p <0.05) between the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme acarbose and the activity of both extracts.
Identification of herbal products used by families in the campus of Darussalam Gontor University
Authors: Fadholah Amal , Istikomah Solikah Ana , Islamanda Cania Sofyan , Jannah Evi Rohana Ma’rufi
Published: July 2021

Background: The development and the use of herbal medicinal products is increasing in Indonesia.    
Aim: To identify the safety of herbal medicine product used by families of Darussalam Gontor University (UNIDA) Gontor.  
Method: This research was conducted to identify herbal products that are used based on features, functions, and benefits. The method used was Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) with a qualitative approach.   
Results: The results showed there were 100 products used by 72 respondents. The level of product safety used based on raw materials was 96% and the efficacy claimed was 76%. The most type of product used was jamu (Indonesian indigenous traditional medicine) (94.7%). The range of understanding level of of respondents based on features and benefits was between good and very good. 
Conclusion: The use of herbal products by respondents can be viewed from the aspect of product safety levels based on raw materials (96%) and efficacy claims (76%). This was still classified as safe.
The remuneration of the community pharmacist in the developing world: the case in Indonesia
Authors: Hermansyah Andi , Sukorini Anila Impian , Rahem Abdul
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The remuneration of pharmacist is critical to ensure sustainability of pharmacist services. There has been limited study about pharmacist remuneration in Indonesia.      

Aim: This study aims to investigate pharmacist remuneration system in Indonesia.     

Methods: A nationwide community pharmacy survey was conducted involving 7,000 pharmacies. Questions around remuneration models and amounts, types of incentives and other financial benefits structured the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the findings.

Results: Of 2,087 pharmacists participated in the survey, only 1,952 respondents were recorded. More than half of respondents did not receive any particular fees designated to compensate provision of cognitive services. Fixed monthly salary predominantly formed the structure of remuneration system with less than half of the respondents received additional incentives to top up this monthly salary.    

Conclusion: The current remuneration system which mainly relies on monthly salary basis may not be sustainable to support provision of pharmacist-led cognitive services.
The evident gap between actual and perceived facilities supporting value-added pharmacy services
Authors: Hermansyah Andi , Setiawan Catur Dian , Riansyah Firqin Fuad
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Whilst there is an emerging need to provide Value-Added Pharmacy Services (VAPS), the facilities in community pharmacy may not be supportive to implement this concept.     

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the actual and perceived facilities supporting VAPS.      

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to selected fifty pharmacies in Surabaya Indonesia. Respondents were asked about their agreement towards VAPS and facilities required for providing VAPS. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics.      

Results: All respondents agreed that pharmacy is in need to provide VAPS. In addition, they viewed the presence of facilities supporting VAPS are urgent. However, the availability of such facilities in the actual practice was relatively limited, highlighting underinvestment to provide VAPS.   

Conclusion: There is a gap between actual and perceived facilities supporting VAPS. This highlights more investments to upgrade pharmacy facilities.
Description of medication adherence in hypertensive respondents at Mandalika Mataram elderly social centre
Authors: Pradiningsih Anna , Ittiqo Dzun Haryadi , Arianti Neti Puput
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Elderly people are at high risk of non-adherence to hypertensive therapy due to changes in body function and ageing processes.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore medication adherence among hypertensive respondents at the Mandalika Mataram NTB Elderly Social Centre.   
Methods: This study is descriptive observational with a purposive sampling technic. The sample consisted of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Modified Morisky Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).    
Results: The results showed that adherence among participants was high (23.3%), moderate (56.1%), and low (20.0%). Respondent adherence was associated with the role of health workers in monitoring drug therapy. Non-adherence was several factors, including side effects of the drug, complex drug regimens, and ageing.
Formulation and physical evaluation of facial cream preparations from Ceremai fruit juice (Phyllanthus acidus (l.) Skeels)
Authors: Indriatmoko Danang , Suryani Nani , Rudiana Tarso , Kurniah Mila
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) fruit contains AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) compounds which are widely used as a moisturizer or as an exfoliating process in cosmetics production. It also contains vitamin C and flavonoids, both of which acts as whitening agents. 

Aim: This study aims to utilise a source of natural AHA active substances found in P.acidus in face cream preparations.     

Methods: The juice from P.acidus was dried by freeze-drying method and formulated into a cream with the preparation process evaluated for one month.    

Results: The observation results showed that after one month, there was no change in colour during storage, with the pH, viscosity and spreadability of the cream in the range 4.5-6.2, 2700-3996 cps, and 4.8-5.7 cm, respectively.    

Conclusion: P.acidus fruit juice containing AHA can be formulated into a face cream with good physical stability.
Optimization of Medical Care for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Dolgina I. I. , Dolzhenkova I. G. , Savich V. V. , Grigorian M. F.
Published: July 2021

The paper analyzes the effectiveness of using simulation training in the protocols of some procedures, and confirms the feasibility of using this training.
El sistema de evaluación global (seg) como instrumento de valoración de la veracidad del testimonio
Authors: Ávila Christian Gustavo Mena
Published: July 2021

RESUMEN

Para el ser humano ha sido de mucho valor poder impartir justicia basándose en los hechos de un acontecimiento y los testimonios que de él recibe, por lo tanto, poder determinar la veracidad de los testimonios de los testigos, las víctimas y los agresores, y así poder obtener conclusiones apegadas a la realidad e impartir la justicia que anhela, esto ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios.

Lo que busca este artículo es ir detallando el avance científico-histórico de la toma de testimonios y fundamentar en qué criterios se basan para determinar si un testimonio es creíble, no creíble o indeterminado, todo esto en base al Sistema de Evaluación Global (SEG), y para eso se realizó una revisión sistémica de diferentes artículos en la base de datos de Scopus, Web of Sciencie y Google Scholar entre las palabras clave que se usaron están: deception detection, detection of the lie, Sistema de evaluación Global, seleccionando 25 artículos publicados entre los años 2005 y 2021

 

ABSTRACT

For the human being it has been of great value to be able to impart justice based on the facts of an event and the testimonies he receives from it, therefore, to be able to determine the veracity of the testimonies of witnesses, victims and aggressors, and thus be able to obtain conclusions attached to reality and impart the justice he longs for, this has been the subject of numerous studies.

The aim of this article is to detail the scientific-historical progress of the taking of testimonies and to establish on what criteria are based to determine whether a testimony is credible, not credible or indeterminate, all this based on the Global Evaluation System (SEG), and for that a systemic review of different articles in the database of Scopus, Web of Sciencie and Google Scholar among the keywords used are: deception detection, detection of the lie, Global Evaluation System, selecting 25 articles published between the years 2005 and 2021.
Implementation of digital media in higher education. An experience from the classroom
Authors: Legaz Isabel , Luna Aurelio
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

The digital development of this century is transforming our society and, in parallel, the knowledge society. These new transmission platforms represent a different way of understanding the process of transmitting and receiving knowledge. The Wiki space is increasingly established in virtual higher education classrooms. The objective of this work was to implement the use of the Wiki space in the conventional teaching methodology of university studies and assess the degree of satisfaction of the student and its adequacy in the teaching process. A survey of 22 items was carried out to assess the opinion of 174 students regarding the use and capabilities of the Wiki tool.  Our results show that 98.2% rated the use of Wiki space positively. 83.3% of the students were able to promote self-learning, and 73.0% considered this a helpful resource to promote the teaching-learning process.  65.2% considered that the use of ICTs in higher education should be increased. In conclusion, the use of Wiki in the higher education teaching classroom has gained significant acceptance by students who consider it an innovative experience that favors learning and the critical search for information, increasing the motivation for the subject.

 

ABSTRACT

The digital development of this century is transforming our society and, in parallel, the knowledge society. These new transmission platforms represent a different way of understanding the process of transmitting and receiving knowledge. The Wiki space is increasingly established in virtual higher education classrooms. The objective of this work was to implement the use of the Wiki space in the conventional teaching methodology of university studies and assess the degree of satisfaction of the student and its adequacy in the teaching process. A survey of 22 items was carried out to assess the opinion of 174 students regarding the use and capabilities of the Wiki tool.  Our results show that 98.2% rated the use of Wiki space positively. 83.3% of the students were able to promote self-learning, and 73.0% considered this a helpful resource to promote the teaching-learning process.  65.2% considered that the use of ICTs in higher education should be increased. In conclusion, the use of Wiki in the higher education teaching classroom has gained significant acceptance by students who consider it an innovative experience that favors learning and the critical search for information, increasing the motivation for the subject.
Dermatosis IgA lineal asociada a sífilis secundaria
Authors: Gómez María Amalia , Dauria Florencia , Teberobsky Mariana , Maradeo Roxana
Published: July 2021

La dermatosis IgA lineal del adulto es una enfermedad que pertenece al grupo de las dermatosis ampollares adquiridas. De etiología desconocida e infrecuente, se presenta en adultos mayores y se asocia a múltiples fármacos, neoplasias y enfermedades autoinmunes e infecciosas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con una dermatosis IgA lineal asociada a una sífilis secundaria.