bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Non-Linear Programming to Portfolio Management on some Insurance Companies (AIICO,LINKAGE, NIGER, Mutual benefit and LASACO) using Return on Asset
Authors: Emiola Olawale Kolapo Steve , Omoloye Musibau Abayomi , Arinze Christiana Uchechukwu
Published: November 2020

This study investigate non-linear programming
problem that is, quadratic programming and its application to
portfolio management. The data of return on asset of five
different insurance companies namely: AIICO, LINKAGE,
NIGER, MUTUAL BENEFIT, and LASACO insurance
company was collected and a model was fixed. These data
were analyzed using quadratic programming in conjunction
with LINGO software. The result of the analyzed data
revealed that the allocation of fund for each insurance
companies should be done with the same percent for
LINKAGE, NIGER, MUTUAL BENEFIT and other percent
to AIICO insurance company respectively with increment of
24% on return.
Low Power and Area Efficient 4-2 Compressor for Signal Processing Applications
Authors: S Mohan Das , M Ganesh Kumar , G Shireesha
Published: November 2020

In this paper, two performance
metrics power and delay are estimated for
various XOR-XNOR circuits and
Multiplexer for designing 4-2 compressor.
The main objective is to design an energy
efficient compressor for computing
applications in FIR filter. The simulations
for the designed circuits performed in
cadence virtuoso tool with 45 nm CMOS
technology at a supply voltage of 0.9 Volts.
The proposed 4-2 compressors consist of
six blocks out of which two XOR-XNOR
blocks and four MUX blocks. The average
power, delay and energy consumed by the
proposed compressor which is based on 5T
XOR-XNOR and GDIMUX design is 85.72
nW, 62.53 pS and 5.36 aJ respectively
Estimation of Leakage Power and Delay in CMOS Circuits
Authors: N Md Mohasinul Huq , S Mohan Das , N Md Bilal
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an
estimation of leakage power and delay for
1-bit Full Adder (FA)designed which is
based on Leakage Control Transistor
(LCT) NAND gates as basic building
block. The main objective is to design low
leakage full adder circuit with the help of
low and high threshold transistors. The
simulations for the designed circuits
performed in cadence virtuoso tool with 45
nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage
of 0.9 Volts. Further, analysis of effect of
parametric variation on leakage current
and propagation delay in CMOS circuits is
performed. The saving in leakage power
dissipation for LCT NAND_HVT gate is
up to 72.33% and 45.64% when compared
to basic NAND and LCT NAND gate.
Similarly for 1-bit full adder the saving is
up to 90.9% and 40.08% when compared
to basic NAND FA and LCT NAND.
The The Efect Of Bokashi Pig Manure to The Growth of Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Authors: Ziraluo Yan Piter Basman
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of pig poop bokashi on teh growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena). the experimental research method (True Experiment) with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and five replications. The population of this study was 30 eggplant (Solanum melongena). The research simple was selected using a simple random sampling strategy. The research sample was 30eggplant (Solanum melongena). The research data were analyzed using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test for normality, Bartlett test for homogenity, and ANOVA for testing the hypothesis. The research findings obtained indicate that the influence of pig poop bokashi on the growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena)both in plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaf strands. So it can be concluded that pig poop bokashi can be used as an alternative to replace the presence of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer). Suggestions offered by researchers, should the use of bokashi pig poop manure can be further improved among farmers and the community in general because in addition to addressing the use of inorganic fertilizer that can affect the quatlity of soil and plants also affect finances that must be spent to buy inorganic fertlizer.
Religiosity and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: a Study on Student Employees in South Tangerang
Authors: Arifianto Chandra , Mutawali  , Subekti Heny
Published: November 2020

This study explored the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in relation to student employees. The dimensions of religiosity is used as an independent variable in this study. This study expands the extant research by examining OCB of student employees, where very few studies exist. For this research 174 student employees completed an online survey, where we looked to identify correlations between OCB and three dimensions: participation, importance and meaning. Data collection in this study used a qustionnaire that developed a variable of religiosity totaling 9 items and variables totaling 15 items which isusing multiple linear regression. The statistically significant correlation between three of these dimensions and OCB will help campusidentify and encourage OCB in their student employees. The result of study shows that there is effect of the participation dimension (XL) and the meaning dimension (X3), but there is no efect of the meaning dimension (X3) on OCB.
Effectiveness of Online Learning In Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Bahasoan Awal Nopriyanto , Wulan Ayuandiani  , Muhammad Mukhram  , Aswar Rahmat
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using survey methods conducted online. The sample collection method uses simple random sampling, where the sample of this study is an active student in the management study program, Faculty of Economics, University of West Sulawesi; Primary data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires online to 115 respondents. Data obtained by filling out questions that were distributed to all respondents in the form of Google on the link https://forms.gle/VbqM7myWhwdfpMfc9. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed to be described. The results of data analysis obtained from filling student questionnaires can be concluded that the online learning system carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic is effective and inefficient. Effectively implemented because of the conditions that require online study and inefficient because the costs incurred more when compared with offline lectures.
Picture Stories, 1840-1860, or Problems with Photographs
Authors: Potter Jonathan
Published: November 2020

“Picture” stories, a whole genre of short fiction denoted by the central role of a picture, were common in the middle decades of the nineteenth century, from the 1840s to the 1860s. They featured in periodicals publishing fiction aimed towards middle- and lower-class readers, such as Ainsworth’s Magazine, Chamber’s Edinburgh Journal, Bentley’s Miscellany, and Sharpe’s London Magazine of Entertainment and Instruction for General Reading. Titles usually made the genre obvious: e.g. “The Story of a Picture” (1842), “The Fatal Picture” (Elder 1843), “The Adventures of a Picture” (Medwin 1843), “The Unfinished Picture: A Reverie” (Kenney 1845), “The Lost Picture” (1853), “The Unowned Picture” (1856), and “Memoirs of an Old Picture” (1859). Many of the “pictures” in these stories of the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s are paintings, but not all. Picture stories about photographs often worked in radically different ways from those stories about paintings, with photographs posing a new set of problems for viewers. This essay is about how writers of picture stories explored those problems, and aims to uncover how and why paintings and photographs work differently within this genre of short fiction.
Plotting Sensation Stories: Affect and Intuition in Short Sensation Fiction
Authors: Roberts Brittany
Published: November 2020

The British short story is still an understudied form in Victorian studies, and particularly so in studies of sensation fiction. Despite rich and growing scholarship on sensation fiction and its relationship with literary markets and commodity culture, scholars have a had a difficult time shaking off its enduring brand “the novel with a secret,” which has problematically discounted an incredible body of periodical fiction that falls “short” of our expectations about what this kind of fiction looks like. Short periodical works, however, are crucial if we are to understand the nexus of consumerism, mass marketing, social anxiety, and literary production that first peaked in the 1860s, things which have largely come to organise our understanding of what was so sensational about this historical moment in time. This essay compares short and long works from Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens, Ellen Wood, and J.S. Le Fanu to explore how short stories could take up common themes and features of sensation novels (mistaken identity, unchecked passion, family secrets, shocking revelations, etc.) while also considering how formal considerations of length encouraged greater reliance on impressions and feelings to resolve conflicts in the text. These sensation stories so often suggest that deviance is best discerned through the body rather than the mind, and they create a path to pleasurable revelation where trusting one’s gut offers the most effective form of policing. These supposedly “unimportant” periodical works – sensational not only in the way they glutted periodicals with their sheer volume – could in turn promote suspicion and distrust in readers that were capable of damaging real-life bonds and relationships. Although short fiction could provoke anxieties about shifting roles and hierarchies in an increasingly fast-paced, automated British society, the tremendous visibility of the novel effectively shielded them from comparable criticism.
Teaching Victorian Short Fiction
Authors: Margree Victoria
Published: November 2020

This essay argues for greater inclusion of Victorian short fiction in university teaching. In the first part of the essay I argue that Victorian short fiction has been subject to a double marginalisation in scholarship. This has resulted, firstly, from the minor status of short fiction in general, and secondly, from the focus of attempts to redeem the short story upon proto-modernist stories. This leaves underexplored the greater part of short fiction from the nineteenth century – particularly highly plotted popular fictions, and fictions published before the 1890s. Part two contends that this scholarly neglect is reflected in an insufficiency of pedagogic scholarship on Victorian short fiction. It argues for the teaching potential of this material in terms of moving beyond the canon, enabling students to become producers of knowledge, and decolonising the curriculum. Part three provides a case study of a digital platform – the Victorian Short Fiction Project – and an 1862 tale collected there from London Society magazine which focuses upon female art students negotiating possibly conflicting desires for autonomy, professional fulfilment, and marriage. The analysis aims to show that even ephemeral, anonymous short fiction of this kind can open up valuable classroom discussions of narrative form, readerly engagement, and the complex ideological work being undertaken by popular Victorian fictions.
Darkest Wessex: Hardy, the Gothic Short Story, and Masculinity
Authors: Hayes Tracy
Published: November 2020

Thomas Hardy is generally recognised as a powerful delineator of the female psyche, his intuitive understanding of the emotional complexities of women such as Tess Durbeyfield and Sue Bridehead being emphasised at the expense of his male characters, who are often viewed as weak and two-dimensional. However, Hardy’s men are also examined in depth, in light of their ambitions, sensitivities, hypocrisies and social expectations, thereby giving voice to discursive categories of maleness often elided in the work of his contemporaries. In the Gothic short story as featured in Blackwood’s and similar magazines, the author’s intention is to elicit terror within a circumscribed textual space, creating a balance between actuality and artifice which holds the reader enthralled. The effect is achieved through the power of brevity. In this context a withered arm, a luridly disfigured statue and a demonic fiddle player are used as vehicles by Hardy through which the incredible or fantastic highlight instances of toxic masculinity and grotesque extremes of human nature in a concentrated modality which leaves behind an indelible impression.
YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ROLÜ
Authors: ÖYMEN Gözde
Published: November 2020

1970’li yıllarda yaşanan petrol krizlerinden sonra enerjide arz güvenliği sorunu ortaya çıkmış, yeni enerji kaynağı arayışları hızlanmıştır. Sonrasında ise, çevre kirliliği konusunda giderek artan bir duyarlılığın başlamasıyla yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları enerji tablosundaki yerini almaya başlamıştır. Bölgesel ve yerel çevre kirliliğin yanında, atmosfere verilen karbon bileşenlerinin sera etkisi yaratarak yeryüzü ikliminde değişmelere neden olması ve asit yağmurları gibi küresel çevre sorunlarında fosil kökenli enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının oynadığı rolün anlaşılması sonucunda da temiz enerji kaynakları olan yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları giderek daha fazla destek görmeye başlamıştır.

Ekonomik büyüme ve toplumsal refahın temel girdilerinden birisi ve hatta en başta gelenin enerji olduğu savı, küresel düzeyde de kabul görmektedir. Enerji üretiminin hangi kaynaktan yapılırsa yapılsın ve hangi yöntem izlenirse izlensin çevreye bir etkisi olmaktadır. Enerjinin geri dönülmez çevresel tahribata yol açmadan, ekolojik dengeyi bozmadan ve kuşaklararası adalet anlayışına uygun bir biçimde kullanımı hedeflerini içeren “sürdürülebilir enerji” kavramını uluslararası toplumun benimsediği ortak bir politika ilkesi olarak nitelendirmek mümkündür.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle yenilenebilir enerji ve sürdürülebilirlik kavramları açıklanmış, daha sonra ise enerji sektöründe çalışan 16 profesyonel ise derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiş, araştırma sorularına cevap aranmış ve yenilenebilir enerjinin sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki rolünün önemi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Serbest Bölgelerde Uygulanan Teşviklerin Değerlendirilmesi: Kayseri Örneği
Authors: Sevim Burhan , Binici İrem
Published: November 2020

Üretim ve ticarette artış sağlamanın en kolay ve hızlı yolunun bu faaliyetleri serbestleştirmek olduğunun farkında olan ülkeler, gittikçe artan oranlarda serbest bölge uygulamalarına yönelmektedirler. Bu bağlamda söz konusu bölgeler, çeşitli teşvik unsurlarıyla desteklenmekte ve yatırımcılara cazip kılınmaktadır. Bölgelerde uygulanan teşviklerden en önemlisi ise firmalara sağlanan vergi indirimleri veya muafiyetleridir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki serbest bölgelere uygulanan teşvikler, ilgili mevzuat hükümleri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Kayseri Serbest Bölgesi’ndeki işletmelere yönelik yapılan anket çalışması sonucunda serbest bölgelerde sunulan teşvik ve vergi avantajlarının, firmaların yatırım kararı vermelerindeki en önemli etkenler olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Kooperatiflerde Oryantasyon Eğitim Programının Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Araştırma
Authors: FASAL Abdulkadir
Published: November 2020

İşe yeni başlayan çalışanlara işe uyumunu kolaylaştırmak, yapacağı işe ilişkin özellikleri, işletmenin amaç ve hedeflerini, misyon ve vizyonunu anlatmak amacıyla işletmeler tarafından oryantasyon eğitimleri düzenlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çalışanların almış oldukları oryantasyon eğitimini ve bu eğitimin çalışma hayatındaki etkisini değerlendirmeleri yer almaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket kullanılmış olup 2019 yılı içerisinde işe başlayan ve oryantasyon eğitimi alan 89 çalışana eğitim programı sonunda eğitim değerlendirme, oryantasyon eğitimi içeriği değerlendirme ve 9 aylık çalışma süreleri sonunda ise oryantasyon eğitimi- çalışma hayatı değerlendirme anketleri uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bulgularda oryantasyon eğitiminin çalışanların işe uyumunu kolaylaştırdığı ve işe başlayan her çalışana mutlaka oryantasyon eğitimi verilmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte bulgularda dikkat çeken bir husus oryantasyon eğitiminin içeriğinin uygulamaya yönelik olması gerektiğidir
Development of Geography since the End of the Second World War
Authors:   Dept. of Geography, Kouame Koffi Jean Marius Boris
Published: November 2020

Geography is an ancient discipline whose purpose is space study. This discipline was one of the pillars used for mapping, displacement, and explaining existing phenomena on earth. Before 1914, geography already existed and played an important role during the First World War. However, we note that some authors limit themselves to the definition of geography as an instrument allowing to move and to map the elements. However, after the Second World War, like all other disciplines, geography knew stages in its evolution. Geography has changed dramatically since this definition and has experienced monumental changes. It was transformed through science '' natural '' in social science, hence abandoning the naturalistic point of view which was founded and developed the geography of the 19th century. Modern geography relies on tools and experimental techniques. These methods and techniques used to build a scientific rationale based on experimentation and coherent reasoning.
Mixed Methods Research: An Overview
Authors:   University of Jeddah, Alasmari Nasser
Published: November 2020

One critical aspect of good research is the methodology that is used to logically correlate the aims and goals of the study and the answers to the research questions. Rajasekar et al. (2006) defined research methodology as “the procedures by which researches go about their work of describing and predicting phenomena” (p. 2). This section aimed to shed lights on mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative approaches and its applications.
INSTALAÇÃO DO ESPAÇOPORTO DOS AÇORES E A CONCORRÊNCIA COM ALCÂNTARA
Authors: Botelho A. S. Rui C. , Xavier Jr. Ademir L.
Published: December 2020

O Centro Internacional de Pesquisa do Atlântico (Atlantic International ResearchCenter - AIR) é uma iniciativa de diversos países banhados pelo oceano Atlânticoos quais, sob a liderança e patrocínio do Governo de Portugal, têm o arquipélagodos Açores como sua sede. Voltado para coleta de dados e pesquisas inovadoras,fruto da sinergia mar/espaço, o centro prevê o consórcio de diversos países parautilização de suas infraestruturas atuais e futuras de pesquisas com esse foco.Dentre os países considerados pelos organizadores da iniciativa, o Brasil apresentasecomo um importante potencial integrante. No entanto, ainda que, em linhasgerais, seja atrativa para o Brasil participar de tal projeto, a instalação nos Açoresde um espaço porto para lançamentos de pequenos satélites, e outros temascorrelatos, impacta sobremaneira nas tentativas brasileiras nos últimos anos dese posicionar viavelmente nesse mercado. O presente trabalho analisa a propostado AIR e tece algumas considerações, levando em conta a potencial concorrênciado espaço porto açoriano, em iminência de implantação, com os interesses e osatrasos do Brasil no mesmo tema.
Tópicos especiais em engenharia de produção 1
Authors: Luz Andreia Antunes da
Published: November 2020

A Engenharia da Produção tem o desafio um cenário de intensa industrialização e globalização, especialmente a otimização dos processos e avanços tecnológicos, e este cenário tem motivado muitos estudos científicos na da Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins. Os avanços nas mais diversas áreas que cunharam o cenário globalizado, nos despertam para o aprendizado contínuo. Dentro deste contexto, este livro tem por finalidade estimular a aprendizagem e avanços na Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins. Estudantes, professores e profissionais que desejam ampliar o conhecimento no campo de atuação da Engenharia de Produção poderão conhecer um pouco mais sobre esse universo e suas áreas de atuação nesta obra de rápida consulta. Tópicos Especiais em Engenharia de Produção II foi organizado em dezessete capítulos, convido você a ser curioso e a avançar por suas páginas. Os capítulos apresentam estudos científicos sobre Gestão de Estoque, mais especificamente estrutura dos processos de e aplicação das Curvas PQR e ABC, além dos conceitos técnicos, abordam-se que influenciam decisivamente os processos para o alcance de melhorias nas organizações. Você também encontrará um estudo sobre a exposição a ruído e vibração a que estão expostos os trabalhadores que utilizam perfurador de solo motorizado, e a evolução da legislação. Os capítulos subsequentes apresentam estudos em projeto de conformação mecânica, formação continuada no serviço público, gestão hospitalar e áreas de conhecimento e atuação da Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins para incentivar reflexões e discussões sobre os temas.
Tópicos especiais em engenharia de produção 2
Authors: Luz Andreia Antunes da
Published: November 2020

A Engenharia da Produção tem o desafio um cenário de intensa industrialização e globalização, especialmente a otimização dos processos e avanços tecnológicos, e este cenário tem motivado muitos estudos científicos na da Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins. Os avanços nas mais diversas áreas que cunharam o cenário globalizado, nos despertam para o aprendizado contínuo. Dentro deste contexto, este livro tem por finalidade estimular a aprendizagem e avanços na Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins. Estudantes, professores e profissionais que desejam ampliar o conhecimento no campo de atuação da Engenharia de Produção poderão conhecer um pouco mais sobre esse universo e suas áreas de atuação nesta obra de rápida consulta. Tópicos Especiais em Engenharia de Produção II foi organizado em dezessete capítulos, convido você a ser curioso e a avançar por suas páginas. Os capítulos apresentam estudos científicos sobre Gestão de Estoque, mais especificamente estrutura dos processos de e aplicação das Curvas PQR e ABC, além dos conceitos técnicos, abordam-se que influenciam decisivamente os processos para o alcance de melhorias nas organizações. Você também encontrará um estudo sobre a exposição a ruído e vibração a que estão expostos os trabalhadores que utilizam perfurador de solo motorizado, e a evolução da legislação. Os capítulos subsequentes apresentam estudos em projeto de conformação mecânica, formação continuada no serviço público, gestão hospitalar e áreas de conhecimento e atuação da Engenharia de Produção e áreas afins para incentivar reflexões e discussões sobre os temas.
Implementation of Character Education: Impacts on Students and School Components at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Insan Cendekia Gorontalo
Authors: Baguna Imas
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the implementation of special character education on the impact for students and school components at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Insan Cendekia Gorontalo. This research method is a qualitative field research. Data collection was carried out through preliminary or pre-observational studies, observations, and interviews. The characters developed in this madrasa include disciplined, religious, polite, responsible, hard work and cooperation. In other words, this character development is carried out in the madrasah program of activities both through learning, as well as extra ¬ curricular as well as religious and self-development activities. The impact of the results of the implementation of character education at MAN Insan Cendekia Gorontalo has a positive impact for all groups, especially for students and the school community. The impact of character education for school components. The implementation of character education at MAN Insan Cendekia Gorontalo is very beneficial for students, due to changes in attitudes that are even better and according to the expectations of parents, where their children live disciplined, productive, independent and able to practice religious teachings.
Analysis of the Indian National Education Policy 2020 towards Achieving its Objectives
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna
Published: December 2020

Well defined and futuristic education policy is essential for a country at school and college levels due to the reason that education leads to economic and social progress. Different countries adopt different education systems by considering the tradition and culture and adopt different stages during their life cycle at school and college education levels to make it effective. Recently Government of India announced its new Education policy which is based on the recommendations by an expert committee headed by Dr. Kasturirangan, Former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This paper highlights on various policies announced in the higher education system and compare them with the currently adopted system. Various innovations and predicted implications of NEP 2020 on the Indian higher education system along with its merits are discussed. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for its effective implementation towards achieving its objectives.
Numerical Analysis of the One-Demential Wave Equation Subject to a Boundary Integral Specification
Authors: SOLTANALIZADEH Babak , ESMALIFALAK Hamidreza , HEKMATI Rasoul , SARMAST Zahra , SHABANI Sepideh
Published: November 2020

In this paper a numerical technique is developed for the one-dimensional wave equation that combines classical and integral boundary conditions. A new matrix formulation technique with arbitrary polynomial bases is proposed for the analytical solution of this kind of partial differential equation. Not only have the exact solutions been achieved by the known forms of the series solutions, but also, for the finite terms of series, the corresponding numerical approximations have been computed. We give a simple and efficient algorithm based on an iterative process for numerical solution of the method. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.
Some Basic Properties of Prime and Left Prime Ideals in Γ-Left Almost Rings
Authors: YIARAYONG Pairote
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of prime and left prime ideals in Γ-LA-rings. Some characterizations of prime, left prime, and weakly left ideals are obtained. Moreover, we investigate relationships between prime and left prime ideals in Γ-LA-rings. Finally, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions of a prime to be a left prime in Γ-LA-rings.
The Minimum-Maximum Weather Temperature Difference Effect on Dengue Incidence in Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: KESETYANINGSIH Tri Wulandari , ANDARINI Sri , SUDARTO Sudarto , PRAMOEDYO Henny
Published: November 2020

Dengue is a viral disease, transmitted by Aedes aegypti, and is still a big problem in tropical areas, including Indonesia, where the temperatures are relatively warm and suitable for vector mosquito life. In the dry season, the day and night temperature differences are quite sharp and, at that time, the number of dengue cases is low. In this study, the difference between day and night temperature is referred to as daily temperature fluctuation and represented by the maximum and minimum temperature difference in each month. The research was conducted in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, as an endemic area, and the data were collected from 4 endemic areas in Sleman; Gamping, Godean, Sleman, and Depok districts. The data collected were quantitative with serial data retrospective. Secondary data of monthly dengue incidence in the years 2008 - 2013 were obtained from the Regency Health Office and used as a dependent variable. Monthly minimum and maximum temperatures in the same periods were obtained from the Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics. The differences between the minimum and maximum temperatures were calculated, to be used as independent variable data, and represented the different day and night temperatures of the month. Data were analyzed by using linear regressions to determine the influence of fluctuating temperature on the incidence of dengue. Results show that fluctuating temperature affected dengue incidence in the districts of Godean (p = 0.000; R2 = 0.207) and Gamping (p = 0.006; R2 = 0.125), but did not affect it in Sleman (p = 0.164) or Depok (p = 0.075). The data suggests that fluctuating temperature affected dengue incidence with powers of 20.7 % in Godean and 12.5 % in Gamping.
Renoprotective Effects of Xanthone Derivatives from Garcinia mangostana Against High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type II Diabetes in Mice
Authors: KARIM Naymul , JEENDUANG Nutjaree , TANGPONG Jitbanjong
Published: November 2020

Diabetes mellitus is described as a metabolic disorder with multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolisms. Recently, obesity has been identified as a risk factor of developing type II diabetes, at about 80 - 85 %. 1 out of 3 people with type II diabetes develop kidney disease. Garcinia mangostana is used as a traditional medicine in various types of disease, such as abdominal pain, dysentery, wound infections, suppuration, and chronic ulcers. Previous studies have revealed that G. mangostana has good antioxidant, antitumoral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. In this study, an aqueous extract of xanthone derivative from G. mangostana was used, and the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity was assessed. Mice body weight, plasma glucose level, kidney hypertrophy (KI, kidney damage indicator), kidney function test (BUN, CREA), plasma, and kidney tissue melondialdehyde level (MDA, as oxidative damage marker) were evaluated in a high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type II diabetes mouse model. The results showed that the total phenolic compound in xanthone was 272.62±2.26 µg GAE/mg extract and, in the case of the total antioxidant capacity, % of inhibition of xanthone was 88.40±0.25 µmol TEAC/mg extract, respectively. This has significant correlation (R2 = 0.9777) to the total phenolic content. In the in vivo study, increased body weight, plasma glucose level, kidney hypertrophy, plasma kidney profile, plasma, and kidney tissue melondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the HFD/STZ-induced type II diabetes mouse model. Co-treatment with xanthone significantly (P < 0.05) improved all of the biochemical parameters and body weight in the mouse model. Taken together, the results indicate that xanthone possesses a potent renoprotective effect in type II diabetes mice.
Diversity of Macrofungi in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) Plantation in Southern Thailand
Authors: SEEPHUEAK Pornsil , PREECHA Chaisit , SEEPHUEAK Wuttichai
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of macrofungi in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantation habitats. The diversity of macrofungi was divided into 5 parts; vein, mid-rib and rachis of the oil palm frond litter, other plant litter and on the soil. The study was conducted in Thung Yai District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and Huai Yot District, Trang Province, in the southern region of Thailand in 2014 - 2015. In total 111 taxa were identified, comprising 10 ascomycota and 101 basidiomycota. The most abundant species were Marasmius (15 species), followed by Xylaria (6 species), Marasmiellus (5 species) and Termitomyces (5 species). Fifty-eight taxa were found on the oil palm rachis litter, 52 taxa from the soil, 19 taxa from the oil palm mid-rib litter, 10 taxa from other plant litter and 4 taxa from the oil palm vein litter.
Effects of Nanosilver Impregnation on Impact Bending Strength of Ice-Blasted Beech and Poplar Woods
Authors: ESMAILPOUR Ayoub , TAHER TOLOU DEL Mohammad Sadegh , TAGHIYARI Hamid Reza , CHOO Adrian Cheng Yong , SIAHPOSHT Hassan
Published: November 2020

Ice-blasting (frozen CO2 at minus 78.5 ºC) is one of the modern methods of cleaning for industrial purposes without any contamination or hazard to the environment. Effects of ice-blasting were studied here on the basis of normal solid wood as well as nanosilver-impregnated Populus nigra and Fagus orientalis. The size range of silver nanoparticles was 20 - 90 nm. Specimens were free from any knots,  splits, rot, or other visual defects. Results showed that ice-blasting made impact strength decrease in beech by 8.4 %; however, an insignificant increase of 0.8 % was observed in poplar. Impregnating the specimens with a nanosilver suspension before ice-blasting made impact strength increase by 25.8 % in poplar; it also mitigated the impact loss in beech (5.2 % in comparison to control specimens). It can be concluded that the negative effect of ice-blast treatment is less in lower-density poplar wood; also, impregnation with nanosilver can even increase its impact strength. In higher-density beech wood, however, the impregnation can mitigate the significant negative effect of the ice-blast treatment on impact bending strength.
1,3-β-glucan Content of Local Medicinal Mushrooms from the Southern Region of Thailand
Authors: SUWANNO Suvit , PHUTPHAT Chiraporn
Published: November 2020

Local medicinal mushrooms were collected from the Songkhla, Phatthalung, Trang, and Satun provinces during the rainy season. There were 13 specimens identified among the collected samples. Among the samples, one species belonged to the genus of Ganoderma and exhibited a value for 1,3-β-glucan content that was significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from all other species of local medicinal mushrooms. The 1,3-β-glucan content was the highest in the strains of Ganoderma calidophilum (90.22 mg/g) and Amauroderma rugosum (89.24 mg/g). Some of the more efficacious compounds of Ganoderma were 1,6-branched 1,3-β-glucan, which have been reported to inhibit tumor growth by stimulating the immune system via the activation of macrophage, the balance of T helper cell populations, and subsequent effects on natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, environmental factors, such as vegetation, soil characteristics, and forest stand, as well as microclimate, were found to be contributory to local medicinal mushroom habitats, and significantly accumulated with bioactive compounds or nutraceutical products, such as 1,3-β-glucan content.
Modeling Network Evolution by Colored Petri Nets
Authors: VONGSINGTHONG Suwimon , BOONKRONG Sirapat , UNGER Herwig
Published: November 2020

Discovering how information was distributed was essential for tracking, optimizing, and controlling networks. In this paper, a premier approach to analyze the reciprocity of user behavior, content, network structure, and interaction rules to the interplay between information diffusion and network evolution was proposed. Parameterization and insight diffusion patterns were characterized based on the community structure of the underlying network using diffusion related behavior data, collected by a developed questionnaire. The user roles in creating the flow of information were stochastically modeled and simulated by Colored Petri Nets, where the growth and evolution of the network structure was substantiated through the formation of the clustering coefficient, the average path length, and the degree distribution. This analytical model could be used for various tasks, including predicting future user activities, monitoring traffic patterns of networks, and forecasting the distribution of content.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in Flower Bee Pollen
Authors: DINKOV Dinko
Published: November 2020

The main food safety requirements include accurately formulated criteria for the presence of specific microorganisms. The inconsistent literature data about the microbial species diversity in bee pollen during its collection, processing, and storage necessitate integral microbiological examinations. The purpose of this research work was to prove the algorithm for isolation and species level differentiation of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, and Micrococcaceae families on fresh and dried flower bee pollen from Bulgaria.
Owning ICT: Student Use and Ownership of Technology
Authors: GULATEE Yuwanuch , COMBES Barbara
Published: November 2020

Mid-way through the second decade of the twenty-first century, young people are still being touted as digital natives in a world where technology is increasingly ubiquitous in nature. Technology appears in all levels of society, from the grocery store self-serve, Internet banking and shopping, to the classroom. This paper reports on the initial findings of a much larger study conducted in a Thai university that explores how students use technology for learning. The paper also discusses ownership of technology and examines the myth of the digital native. The research is based on an earlier PhD study conducted across 2 universities in Western Australia. Findings from the current research indicate that attitudes to technology and cultures of technology use amongst young people have changed little since the original study’s data collection 7 years ago. However, there are subtle differences in how Thai university students use technology for learning.
Reduction of Intracellular-Reactive Oxygen Species and Diminished Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Activation are Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Aggressiveness
Authors: UTAIPAN Tanyarath , SATTAYAKHOM Apsorn , PRACHONGSAI Issara , CHARONG Nurdina , CHUNGLOK Warangkana
Published: November 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious health problem in many countries. Several drugs have been used to treat head and neck and oral cavity cancers. However, the success rate has not been impressive because of the heterogeneity of cancerous cells, resulting in differential responsiveness to chemotherapy. Two distinct phenotypes of OSCC cells, the CLS-354/WT and CLS-354/DXcells, have been used as in vitro cell models for this study. CLS-354/DXcells were more aggressive than CLS-354/WTcells, supported by the observation that CLS-354/DXcells can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), grow anchorage-independently, and increase invasiveness. We investigated the preliminary redox status of these 2 cell lines, including levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular antioxidants, using flow cytometry analysis and ABTS+ free radical scavenging assay, respectively. A 7-fold decrease in ROS level was detected in CLS-354/DXcells, comparing with CLS-354/WTcells, while antioxidant capacity was not different from that of CLS-354/WT cells. Hydrogen peroxide, a ROS modulating agent, could induce ROS levels, and caused cell death in CLS-354/WT greater than that of CLS-354/DX cells. Of note, hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity could be rescued by N-acetyl cysteine, confirming ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in both cell lines. ROS-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were observed using immunoblot assay. The expressions of p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK in CLS-354/DX cells were absent, while these expressions were abundantly detected in CLS-354/WTcells. This suggests that lower ROS levels, with the concomitant reduction of JNK and p38 MAPK activation in CLS-354/DX cells, are associated with cancer cell aggressiveness. These findings provide significant evidence of the resistance to ROS-modulating agents in aggressive OSCC cells.
Bioecology and Uses of Desert Truffles (Pezizales) in the Middle East
Authors: OWAID Mustafa Nadhim
Published: November 2020

Desert truffles grow naturally after rainfall during the season of Al-Wasm in arid and semi-arid districts of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, and Morocco. Al-Wasm provides rainfall of more than 200 ml in September to October in the Arabian Peninsula, and is important for the early growth and appearance of desert truffles. The amount of truffles increases depending on the amount of rainfall, as in other countries. Two genera of desert truffles, Terfezia sp. and Tirmania sp., are the most abundant in the Middle East. Desert truffles have nutritional value due to their proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, and low energy. Also, they have immune-modulating, hepato­protective, antidepressant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiradical properties due to their content of phenol, carotenoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, ergosterol, etc. Hence, the introduction of desert truffles in the pharmacological field is important, especially in the treating of eye infections and cancer. Finally, the habitats of the truffles and the host-plants need protection as nature reserves.
Electronic and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Designed Cu(I) Complexes Anchoring with Efficient Donor and Acceptor Units as Sensitizer in DSSC Application
Authors: SANG-AROON Wichien , AMORNKITBAMRUNG Vittaya
Published: November 2020

In this work, we report the photoelectrochemical properties of 5 designed Cu(I) dyes by means of theoretical approach. The optimized geometries, molecular orbitals electron density and their energy level obtained from DFT/M06/LANL2DZ + DZVP method. The parameters relates to photoelectrochemical properties of these dyes were derived from orbital energy. For all complexes, molecular orbital energy levels meet the requirements for use as sensitizer in DSSC. Introducing the selected ligands has great effect to the MO energies as well as other properties. The quinozaline–2,3–dithiolate (1,2) is great as donor unit but their electrophilic indices indicate that they have less strength of being oxidized confirmed by  and . So, dyes 1 and 2 are not properly suitable for using as sensitizer in DSSC. Surprisingly, hydroxamate ligand shows great potential acceptor unit for Cu(I) in either bipyridine or terpyridine complexes (dyes 3–5). These dyes present good computed photochemical properties. Thus, the designed dyes 3–5 studied in this work would be competent to provide promising sensitizers for photovoltaic application. Dye 3 is the most efficient, indicating that increasing chromophoric groups or conjugated bridges does not favor to EH-L, eVOC and LHE regards to 4 and 5.
Microencapsulation of Citronella Oil with Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum
Authors: KHOUNVILAY Keonakhone , ESTEVINHO Berta Nogueiro , ROCHA Fernando Alberto , OLIVEIRA José María , VICENTE António , SITTIKIJYOTHIN Wancheng
Published: November 2020

Tamarind gum (TG) and carboxymethylated tamarind gum (CTG) were used as wall material to prepare citronella oil microcapsules by spray-drying. The aim of this work was to study the effect of wall-to-core ratio and fluid viscosity on emulsion droplet and microcapsule size, in order to maximize encapsulation efficiency (EE). EE was directly influenced by gum-to-oil ratio variations. Results showed that emulsion droplet size (D32) of CTG ranged between 0.18 to1.31 mm, smaller than those obtained for TG, which ranged from 0.87 to 2.91 mm. CTG microcapsules had a smooth surface and a spherical shape, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface oil content and total oil content affected encapsulation efficiency. TG microcapsules showed lower EE than CTG microcapsules, which was related to the viscosity of gum to oil ratio. The maximum EE occurred at 1.14 gum to oil ratio for CTG microcapsules (87 %).
Gross Morphological Structure of Digestive System in Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator (Squamata: Varanidae)
Authors: SRICHAIRAT Nattawut , TAKSINTUM Wut , CHUMNANPUEN Pramote
Published: November 2020

Currently, the water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is recognized as an economic animal especially for the leather trade. Since the anatomical study of its digestive organs is essential for farming and feeding management, we conducted an anatomical study of the digestive organs of this species. This study aimed to describe the gross morphological structure of the digestive organ. This organ consisted of a slender tongue that was deeply bifid and retracted in a sheath, a short pharynx, a slender esophagus with a thick muscular walled tube a striated stomach that was largest in the curved part, a coiled small intestine without a caecum, a striated large intestine (the posterior part of which was connected to the coprodeal cloaca), a pyramidal liver with 3 lobes, a gallbladder embedded at the lower part of the middle liver lobe, and a yellowish pancreas. This study provided information about the gross morphological and internal surface structures of the digestive organs in V. salvator that could be used in the biological and veterinary sciences and other related studies.
Evaluation of Thin Force Sensor Measurement and Determination of Plantar Pressure when Walking in Muddy Soil with Different Gumboots
Authors: KULKETWONG Chompoonud , USABORISUT Prathuang
Published: November 2020

Gumboots are used in agriculture in order to protect the feet from danger. However, some farmers do not wear, as they feel uncomfortable. In this study, Force Sensing Resistors (FSR) sensor was used as a measuring sensor, based on its better performance in terms of high repeatability and sensitivity. Verification of the sensor application in actual conditions was conducted with 4 different types of gumboot used in agricultural work. The peak pressures when walking in muddy soil were higher on average than when walking on a hard concrete surface. Gumboot types I and IV generated lower peak pressures than the other gumboots when walking on the hard concrete surface. On the other hand, gumboot types II and III resulted in the lowest and second lowest plantar pressure, respectively, while walking in muddy soil. The high hardness fraction on the heel, compared to other positions, in boot types II and III may have helped to reduce the average peak pressure during walking in muddy soil.
Preimaginal Phases and Development of Spalangia gemina and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: TANGKAWANIT Ubon , KAEWKAMSAN Siripa , SIRI Nutcharee
Published: November 2020

The development and morphology of immature phases of Spalangia gemina Boucek and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani are described from a laboratory reared culture maintained on the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Body width and length of pupal parasitoid were recorded. These 2 characteristics were determined for each larval instar and classified using cluster analysis in the SAS program. Developmental time from egg to adult of S. gemina and P. vindimiae was approximately 18 - 24 days and 15 - 18 days respectively at 25±3 °C and 45 - 65 % relative humidity. Eggs of S. gemina and P. vindemiae are hymenopteriform. Their incubation times are 24 - 48 h. The results show that the different numbers of larval instars in these parasitoids are well classified. The larvae of S. gemina has 3 instars with protuberances present on the last instar, whereas, P. vindemiae has 4 larval instars and the final instar lacks proturberances. The instars of P. vindemiae are morphologically similar except size and color of internal organs. Prepupae of both species are exarate and noticeably excrete meconium from the body. This information on preimaginal stages can be useful in the production and identification of parasitoids of the house fly.