bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Study on Certara’s Simcyp PBPK Simulator to Eliminate Lengthy Clinical Trails
Authors: Aithal Architha , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna , Aithal P. S.
Published: October 2022

Background/Purpose: Analysis and new interpretation of the existing information are equivalent to creating new knowledge. A case study is an example of exploratory research and allows researchers to analyze the available information using a systematic analysis framework. In this paper, a case study on a clinical research simulation software product called Simcyp is offered by a global company Certara to its clients in the pharmaceutical industry.
Objective: To know the current status of model-based drug development simulation software, with special emphasis on Certara’s Simcyp software, its features, and variations, its client’s usage pattern to prepare new drugs, its usage in research and developmental contribution during the last 22 years, and analysis of Symcyp as a research division of Certara using SWOC framework and analysis of the Symcip as simulation software using ABCD analysis framework as stakeholder analysis.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The case study uses an exploratory research approach where the information is collected from various sources including the company website, its competitor’s website, various magazine articles, and scholarly articles from Google Scholar. The collected information are analyzed systematically using company analysis frameworks, product analysis framework, SWOC analysis framework, and ABCD analysis framework.
Findings/Result: Based on the analysis, it is found that Symcyp is a most admired simulation software in the pharmaceutical industry for model-based drug design and development for different varieties of diseases. The strategy of Simcyp division of Certara to satisfy, delight, and enlighten its clients is also discussed.
Originality/Value: The case study is based on a systematic analysis of a software product of a company using company analysis frameworks, product analysis framework, SWOC analysis framework, and ABCD analysis framework thereby contributing to interpret the existing knowledge in a new way through new interpretation.
Type of Paper: Academic research based case study.
Investigation of Mild Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Sodium carboxymethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Itodoh Uchenna , Madufor Innocent , Obidiegwu Martin , Oguzie Emeka
Published: October 2022

Investigation of mild steel (MS) submerged into 2 M HCl solution alongside sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) and its mixtures with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium iodide (KI) respectively was investigated by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SCMC was not-good-enough at low concentration of 0.5 g/L of 2 M HCl solution at 30 °C as its inhibition efficiency (IE) stood at 42.73 and 40 % for 24 and 120 h immersion, respectively. However, increasing content of SCMC to 2 g/L of 2 M HCl solution at 30 °C, rose IE to 61.64 and 57.60 % at 24 and 120 h immersion, respectively. Effect of 0.5 g KI and PEG, respectively on 2 g SCMC/L of 2 M HCl solution at 30 °C for 24 h immersion improved IE to 70.91 and 83.64 %, respectively. Conversely, increasing temperature reduced IE of SCMC from 57.60 % at 30 °C to 46.30 % at 60 °C for 120 h immersion within 2 g/L of 2 M HCl solution; whereas 67.20 and 51.85 % at 30 and 60 °C as well as 69.60 and 55.56 % at 30 and 60 °C, respectively were obtained on adding 0.5 g KI as well as PEG, respectively to the 2 g/L SCMC. It was shown that SCMC-KI and SCMC-PEG mixtures show better IEs than SCMC alone, while the best IE of 83.64 % was found for SCMC-PEG mixture after 1 day of MS exposure to 2 M HCl solution. All inhibitor compounds were of mixed-type and obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Corrosion inhibition was afforded by physisorption of inhibitor compounds on the MS, while the good synergistic effect was owing to competitive adsorption of inhibitive combinations and thus enhanced inhibitor coverages on the MS. SEM gave visual evidence of adsorption by the compounds on MS.

HIGHLIGHTS

Steel corrosion is a primary concern in the oil and gas industry

In this study, mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution was inhibited by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. However, enhanced inhibitive performance was afforded by the combination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol

Mechanism of inhibition action by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol was highlighted

Chemical and electrochemical approach to corrosion study was utilized

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Os Guató pelo olhar de Hercule Florence: Historiografia e Ensino de História Indígena
Authors: Matos Marco José dos Santos
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa concluída no ano de 2020 junto ao Programa de Mestrado ProfHistória – Unemat, que teve como objetivo analisar a representação do povo indígena Guató nos registros produzidos pelo artista francês Hercule Florence (1804-1879) em sua obra Viagem Fluvial do Tietê ao Amazonas: 1825 a 1829 [1875] (2007). O artista atuou como segundo desenhista da Expedição Langsdorff1 e registrou através de textos e imagens os Guató durante a passagem da expedição pelo Pantanal na primeira metade do século XIX. O manuscrito de Florence foi escrito originalmente em francês e traduzido para o português em 1875 por Alfredo d’Escragnolle Taunay, o Visconde de Taunay. A obra foi publicada pela primeira vez no tomo 38 da Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Rio de Janeiro e, durante várias décadas, constituiu-se no único registro sobre a expedição russa disponível no Brasil.
A generificação do Pão de Açúcar: a simbologia do “patrimônio natural” como projeto político
Authors: Garcia Boscatti Ana Paula
Published: October 2022

Este artigo versa sobre as simbologias que cercam o Complexo do Pão de Açúcar, buscando visibilizar suas dimensões de gênero. Deste modo, busca-se regatar discursos que generificaram e sexualizaram a paisagem carioca, destacando especialmente as narrativas de viajantes estrangeiros e políticos brasileiros que auxiliaram as políticas de turismo a reinventar a erótica colonial. A mercantilização da cidade e a construção de ações para o turismo que buscaram recriar a brasilidade nos anos 70 e 80 permitiram inaugurar novos modelos regulatórios que casavam corpo e cidade.
Patrimônios LGBTQIA+: tensões e disputas no campo patrimonial
Authors: Barcelos Soliva Thiago , Menezes Neto Hugo
Published: October 2022

Este artigo se ocupa das tensões e disputas em torno da noção de patrimônios LGBTQIA+ no contexto brasileiro. A reflexão a seguir recairá na difícil inserção desse tema no debate patrimonial e no campo museal, à revelia de uma história marcada pela produção de materialidades, registros significativos da experiência social dos detentores/produtores desses patrimônios. Buscaremos, como contrapartida, discorrer sobre iniciativas exemplares, trilhadas por sujeitos e instituições que têm buscado modular esse debate a partir da linguagem dos direitos humanos e da cidadania patrimonial.
A pluralidade feminina no campo da saúde reprodutiva: uma reflexão etnográfica sobre o conflito de saberes na Rede Cegonha
Authors: Corrêa Gonçalves Letícia , Silva Marcos Aurélio da
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão a partir da etnografia que foi realizado na unidade Básica de Saúde. Apresentando diversidade de olhares possíveis dentro um evento.  Explorando o método etnográfico como ferramenta de observação da dinâmica estabelecida no cotidiano das mulheres que participam dos serviços saúde ofertados na Rede Cegonha de Cuiabá-MT.
In Situ Investigation of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Behavior in Linepipe Steel Under Different Environments
Authors: Yasuda Kyono , Ishikawa Nobuyuki , Fujishiro Taishi , Hara Takuya , Tada Eiji , Kimura Mitsuo
Published: October 2022

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 provides the severity of a sour environment defined as a function of pH and H2S partial pressure for sulfide stress cracking. Although hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is also a major issue of linepipes exposed to a sour environment, the severity diagram does not necessarily correspond to the HIC susceptibility. Recently, from the viewpoint of fitness-of-purpose, the severity diagrams for HIC have been proposed based on the concept of equal hydrogen concentration. From this concept, HIC susceptibility corresponds well to the steady-state hydrogen permeability obtained from the hydrogen permeation test method. In this study, in order to clarify the relationship between HIC susceptibility and hydrogen diffusion behavior, in situ crack inspection during the HIC test and finite element method analysis of hydrogen diffusion were performed. The in situ inspection technique using phased-array ultrasonic testing which can capture the time dependence of crack distribution, and HIC initiation and propagation behaviors were clearly visualized and investigated. It was found that crack initiation and propagation stabilize as hydrogen concentration reaches a steady-state value throughout the specimen and the result was considered evidence that the HIC susceptibility corresponded with the steady value of hydrogen permeability.
Social Movements and the Politics of Debt
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

It would have been hard to miss the pivotal role debt has played for contentious politics in the last decades. The North Atlantic Financial Crisis, Global Recession and European Debt Crisis - as well as the recent waves of protest that followed them - have catapulted debt politics into the limelight of public debates. Profiting from years of fieldwork and an extensive amount of empirical data, Christoph Sorg traces recent contestations of debt from North Africa to Europe and the US. In doing so, he identifies the emergence of new transnational movement networks against the injustice of current debt politics, which struggle for more social and democratic ways of organizing debt within and between societies.
D.R.E.A.M. (“Debt Rules Everything around Me”)
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

The introduction starts by elaborating the relevance of debt for our
contemporary world as well as for recent protests. Reviewing the (little)
literature that exists on debt-based protest, I argue that the book
fills empirical as well as theoretical gaps. In order to remedy the lack of
theorization of previous work in the field, I suggest turning to both social
movement studies and interdisciplinary work on financialization and debt.
I then provide an overview over the definition and borders of the field of
“contentious debt politics,” the research design and the methods used to
generate data. The chapter closes with an outlook on the rest of the book.
The Financialization of Capitalism
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 draws from heterodox social science analyses of financialization
and debt to outline the historical emergence and trajectory of
the financialization of capitalism. I argue that (and illustrate how)
financialization transformed the practices of non-financial corporations,
banks, households, and states. Along these lines, the chapter discusses
the Southern Debt Crisis as the foundation upon which the construction
of the current debt politics movements was possible.
Towards a More Democratic Debt Politics?
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

Chapter 9 briefly summarizes and discusses the main empirical findings
and illustrates them using figures and tables. I synthesize each chapter’s
theoretical findings into what a middle-range theory of contentious debt
politics would look like according to my findings. However, I acknowledge
that more research and discussion is necessary and mine is but a suggestion
for such a theory. The chapter closes with some meditations on
how current mobilizations might shape future debt politics as well as
economic trajectories at large.
Urban Life and Intellectual Crisis in Middle-Period China, 800-1100
Authors: Pee Christian
Published: October 2022

In the eleventh century, the cities of the Song Empire (960-1279) emerged into writing. Literati in prior centuries had looked away from crowded streets, but literati in the eleventh century found beauty in towering buildings and busy harbors. Their purpose in writing the city was ideological. On the written page, they tried to establish a distinction that eluded them in the avenues and to discern an immanent pattern in the movement of people, goods, and money. By the end of the eleventh century, however, they recognized that they had failed in their efforts. They had lost the Way in the city. Urban Life and Intellectual Crisis in Middle-Period China, 800-1100 reveals the central place of urban life in the history of the eleventh century. Important developments in literary innovation and monetary policy, in canonical exegesis and civil engineering, in financial reform and public health, converge in this book as they converged in the city.
The City at the Center of the World
Authors: de Pee Christian
Published: October 2022

During the ninth century, the capital Chang’an stood at the center of
literary production and at the center of literary geography. Both to those
who gazed at it from afar and to those who saw it from nearby, Chang’an
appeared as a cosmic center of charismatic power where the seasons were
manifested in their proper form, in the perfectly created nature of parks
and gardens. The urban life of streets and markets was written only in
the past tense, in poems about youth and in memoirs composed after
the destruction of Chang’an. The destruction of Chang’an changed the
literary geography of the Tang, as literati turned their back on the former
center and turned their attention to provincial cities.
Finding Oneself in the City
Authors: de Pee Christian
Published: October 2022

In the eleventh century, literati changed the geographic orientation
of literary genres in order to make a place for the city in writing. Their
main purpose in writing the urban streetscape was ideological. On the
written page, literati could set themselves apart from competition and
chaos, distinct as individuals in the anonymous crowd, infallible as judges
of urban crime, and discerning as connoisseurs of desirable goods. By
defining themselves in relationship to crowds and commodities, however,
they placed themselves within regimes of relative values that conflicted
with the absolute values of their moral learning. Toward the end of the
eleventh century, therefore, they withdrew from the streets to reflect on
individuality and the self in retirement.
The Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Billé Franck , Mehendale Sanjyot , Lankton James , Harris Tina , Schendel Willem , Park Hyunhee , Heng Derek , Seland Eivind , Bopearachchi Osmund , Saxcé Ariane , Kimura Jun , Miksic John , Chirikure Shadreck
Published: October 2022

The Maritime Silk Road foregrounds the numerous networks that have been woven across oceanic geographies, tying world regions together often far more extensively than land-based routes. On the strength of the new data which has emerged in the last two decades in the form of archaeological findings, as well as new techniques such as GIS modelling, the authors collectively demonstrate the existence of a very early global maritime trade. From architecture to cuisine, and language to clothing, evidence points to early connections both within Asia and between Asia and other continents—well before European explorations of the Global South. The human stories presented here offer insights into both the extent and limits of this global exchange, showing how goods and people travelled vast distances, how they were embedded in regional networks, and how local cultures were shaped as a result.
From Regional to Global
Authors: Lankton James W.
Published: October 2022

Glass exchange was an important part of maritime trade as early as the
Late Bronze Age, and glass found in South and Southeast Asia and beyond
to Korea and Japan provides some of the best evidence for early longdistance
movement of both material goods and skilled craftworkers. By the
1st century CE, pre-existing regional trade networks rapidly incorporated
Roman products, including glass. These earlier maritime links provided
the infrastructure, not only in terms of maritime technologies but also
in the imagination of what long-distance trade could be, for what would
become the Maritime Silk Roads.
Archaeological Evidence of Shipping and Shipbuilding Along The Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Kimura Jun
Published: October 2022

This chapter gives an overview on the historical development of shipbuilding
technologies that facilitated the water transportation of commodities
and people in the Maritime Silk Route trade. Maritime archaeological
research has examined ship remains and wreck sites found in Southeast
Asia and East Asia and clarified types of seagoing ships widely used for
the early and medieval Maritime Silk Route trading activities. The trading
ships with the seaworthiness and a large cargo-carrying capacity propelled
merchants and seafarers from the Indian Ocean World and Southeast Asia
to voyage actively to China during the Tang Dynasty. In medieval periods,
the growth of ship construction techniques impacted on the advent of
mass shipment by Chinese merchants in the long distance maritime trade.
Philippine Digital Cultures
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabalquinto Earvin Charles
Published: October 2022

Social media platforms have been pivotal in redefining the conduct of contemporary society. Amid the proliferation of a range of new and ubiquitous online platforms, YouTube, a video-based platform, remains a key driver in the democratisation of creative, playful, vernacular, intimate, as well as political expressions. As a critical node of contemporary communication and digital cultures, its steady uptake and appropriation in a social media-savvy nation such as the Philippines requires a critical examination of its role in the continued reconstruction of identities, communities, and broader social institutions. This book closely analyses the diverse content and practices of amateur Filipino YouTubers, exposing and problematising the dynamics of brokering the contested aspirational logics of beauty and selfhood, interracial relationships, world-class labour, and progressive governance in a digital sphere. Ultimately, YouTube and Brokerage Dynamics in Philippine Digital Cultures offers a fresh, compelling, and nuanced account of YouTube as an important site for the mediation of culture, economy, and politics in Philippine postcolonial modernity amid rapid economic globalisation and digitalisation.
Brokering in a Digital Sphere
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabalquinto Earvin Charles
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents the project’s theoretical framework of brokerage as
a lens for critically examining how digital narratives, online performativity,
and platform-specific strategies reflect how Filipinos navigate the
terrain of neoliberal economies and postcolonial legacies on YouTube. The
chapter also highlights the four dimensions of digital brokering, including
aspirational content, discursive style, credibility building, and platformspecific
strategies. In sum, the chapter introduces the dynamics of digital
brokerage on YouTube in several key areas of investigation – bleached
skin, interracial intimacy, world-class labour, and progressive governance.
Self
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabalquinto Earvin Charles
Published: October 2022

This chapter underscores the brokering of ideal and dominant discourses
of femininity among Filipina YouTubers. Applying the concept of “cultural
whitening” and a postfeminist critique, it analyses the diverse affective,
creative and ambivalent tactics performed by YouTubers. It first situates
the examination of YouTubers’ imaginaries of standard femininities within
the socio-historical context of gendered, racial and classed hierarchy in
the Philippines. On top of magnifying the tropes, tactics, and tools articulated
by YouTubers in legitimising bodily care routines and showcasing
transformations, it also captures the platform-specific mechanisms and
marketised logics in the brokerage of beauty ideals. The chapter concludes
by underlining the paradoxical outcomes of gendered, racialised, and
classed visibility, performativity, and engagement on YouTube.
Labour
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabalquinto Earvin Charles
Published: October 2022

This chapter offers a critical insight on digital and flexible labour and the
role of YouTube in brokering labour relations and economic aspirations in
the digital economy. It focuses its attention on the “skill-making” content
and practices of Filipino platform labour influencers on YouTube, where
they showcase their capabilities to obtain a captive market and attain
celebrity status as “global knowledge workers.” Using YouTube provides
an opportunity for platform labour influencers to deliver training and
support to aspiring platform workers who seek to earn dollars while
working at home, while also crafting imaginaries and ideals of success
in the platform economy. The chapter shows that YouTubers, through
the brokerage of skills and promotion of the viability of platform labour,
perform the role of matchmaker between aspiring workers and digital
labour platforms while simultaneously advancing the broader visions of
digital capitalism.
Friesland between Vlie and Lauwers: land, population, and government until 1525
Authors: Mol Hans
Published: October 2022

Chapter Two introduces the reader to Friesland: a prosperous coastal area
that never became feudalised. Around 1300, it was communally governed
by elected judges from a landowning elite of so-called hoofdelingen who
considered themselves to be noble. Under their leadership, every Frisian
was expected to defend the country with arms whenever it was threatened
by a foreign power. In the rural militias, the noble principals had the same
infantry role as the wealthy free farmers, tenants and other country folk.
In the urban militias, wealthy and low-income citizens fought side by side
as well. The laws and regulations, however, prescribed arming according
to wealth. Those with a considerable status were generally entrusted with
the command of the various units.
The equipment and organisation of the militiamen in 1552
Authors: Mol Hans
Published: October 2022

Chapter Four analyses the surviving muster lists for Friesland of 1552, by
counting, ordering and dissecting the numbers of men and weapons. It
appears that the equipment of the Frisian militias was relatively basic,
although it did not consist of forks and sticks alone. The chasers, carried
by the poorest category of men, had sharp spearheads. Most of the
other conscripts had the standard combination of pike and sword. The
wealthier part of the clay-district militiamen had halberds and sometimes
even broadswords. Firearms were more often carried by townsmen. A
comparison with Holland shows that this equipment of the rural and
urban contingents in Friesland did not differ much from that in other
parts of the Low Countries.
Producing Art, Producing Difference
Authors: Fong Siao Yuong
Published: October 2022

If the old-timers of media production in Singapore had developed a set
of established work practices that serve the status quo, what are the
potentials for newcomers to change that? Chapter Four follows the
journey of a new director determined to challenge prevailing practices
that uphold the status quo in mass media production. It demonstrates
both the reliability and the incompleteness of ideological reproduction
by detailing how initial contestations that risked to tear the fabric of
the dominant social order eventually ended up reinforcing categorical
boundaries. Focusing on the affective ideational practices of producers
when making a state-sponsored art drama, I argue that what ultimately
enabled the dominant social imaginary to prevail were myths of cultural
and linguistic difference in society.
‘The Never-Ending Crisis’
Authors: Jørgensen Martin Bak
Published: October 2022

This chapter outlines the background of the “refugee crisis” and responses
by the international community in terms of refugee management. It looks
at the national attempts to manage refugee-flows and the inclusion of
refugees into the European Union framework and the member-states. It
aims to investigate how a particular framing of the crisis has legitimised
restrictive policies at the national level, which emerge against the EU
regulations, but in its own particular way points to convergence of crisis
management among the Member States. This movement is not characterised
as institutional Europeanisation at EU level, but Europeanisation
at the national level. The chapter ends with a discussion of the role of
municipalism and social mobilisation as a response to the crisis.
Flexible Redefinitions of “Us” and the “Others”
Authors: Papatzani Eva (Evangelia) , Petracou Electra
Published: October 2022

During the last decade, a wide range of political contradictions concerning
Europeanisation has unfolded in Greece, in the convergences of
the financial and the so-called refugee “crises”. This chapter discusses
processes of constructing Europeanisation in interrelation with racism
and nationalism, and the ways “new” distinctions and divisions emerge.
At the same time that Europeanisation in Greece is in crisis during the
period in question, it is strengthened as regards border security policies,
the construction of a united “Us” against “the Others” via the “irregular”
migration movements, and the questioning of the right on protection,
movement, and inhabitance. The chapter analyses specific refugee
discourses, politics, practices, by emphasizing on politicians’ and media
rhetoric, as well as some shortcuts of refugees’ daily life in Greece.
Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Josipovic Ivan , Reeger Ursula
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, immigration and European integration have emerged
as increasingly important policy issues for political parties. In the course
of the so-called refugee crisis of 2015, debates on asylum and border control
coincided with claims over political authority and responsibility in the
European multi-level system of governance. In this chapter, we take up
the case of Austria to study (1) how major political parties positioned
themselves in relation to these issues; (2) which organisational consequences
they drew following the crisis; and (3) how they mobilised their
respective electorate for the subsequent national elections of 2017. Based
on a qualitative document analysis, our contribution concludes that,
contrary to arguments put forth by cleavage theory, a traditionally centrist
party benefitted the most from an increased salience of immigration and
EU integration issues. We offer an explanation by linking debates on the
transnational cleavage to literature on populism.
Emerging Civic Urbanisms in Asia: An Introduction
Authors: Cho Im Sik , Križnik Blaž , Hou Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Citizens and communities are becoming increasingly involved in shaping
neighbourhoods and cities in Asia. These emerging civic urbanisms are
a result of an evolving relationship between the state and civil society.
The chapter introduces Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore, and Taipei as cases
to explore how the changing state–civil society relation affects citizen
participation in shaping the living environment and gives rise to the recent
surge of civic urbanisms. It provides an overview of historical state–civil
society relations and their impact on developmental urbanization across
the region. Civic urbanism as an explanatory framework is introduced
and contextualized here with a brief overview of each city. Finally, the
chapter identifies the major themes of civic urbanism and introduces
case studies discussed in this volume.
Walking Tours and Community Heritage in Singapore
Authors: Wong Shiau Ching
Published: October 2022

Within a traditionally subdued civil society, more citizens have stepped
forward to address concerns about the impact of neoliberal development
policies on Singapore’s heritage and communities. Queenstown is
Singapore’s first satellite town with residential housing and amenities,
while Geylang is known for its red-light district, illicit activities, and
low-cost housing for migrant workers. Using walking tours to promote
place-based community heritage in Queenstown and Geylang respectively,
volunteer groups My Community and Geylang Adventures offer contrasting
yet complementary accounts on how the residents and the broader public
can be activated to participate in heritage preservation and local–migrant
worker integration. Their civic activism contributes towards a distinct
form of bottom-up nation-building and an alternative framework in
understanding evolving state–society relations in Singapore.
Hong Kong’s Urban Renewal Fund
Authors: Christ Melissa Cate , Tieben Hendrik
Published: October 2022

This chapter investigates the relationship between Hong Kong’s Urban
Renewal Fund (URF) and citizen-driven placemaking (CDP). The URF was
launched in 2011, in response to growing public concern about projects
undertaken by Hong Kong’s Urban Renewal Authority (URA). After
discussing the evolving relationship of civil society to redevelopment
and the background of the URF, the chapter presents three funded projects
that utilize CDP approaches. The chapter examines the institutional
frameworks and actors, and the achievements and limitations of CDP in
the context of this state-sponsored programme. It also addresses prevailing
contradictions between the small-scale, citizen-driven projects supported
by the URF, and the large-scale redevelopment projects undertaken by the
URA, as well as their implications for future civic urbanism in Hong Kong.
Holding Space, Making Place
Authors: Ng Huiying , Rut Monika , Lee Vivian , Koe Marcus , Chen Chingwei
Published: October 2022

Today, cities depend on global food systems that prioritize urban needs
over that of other regions. These food systems are part of a model of
urbanism that works towards increasing disconnection in the food
ecosystem – ecologically and sociopolitically. By discussing our varied
experiences with a community food initiative in Singapore, Foodscape
Collective, we reflect on the collaborative aspect of making, and finding,
our place – viewing placemaking as a process of civic sense-making and
identity-formation. Through a collaboratively written set of perspectives,
we suggest how civic urbanism through dialogical placemaking renews our
relationships with food and agriculture, by weaving together imaginaries
of a more inclusive and circular food system.
The influence of organisational culture on job satisfaction : a case study of Nkomazi Municipaliy - Mpumulanga
Authors:   , Mabuza Nontuthuzelo M.
Published: October 2022

Organisational culture plays an integral part in every organisation, particularly on aspects such as employees’ morale, emotions, satisfaction and performance. Earlier researchers have demonstrated the connectivity between an organisation’s culture and employees’ level of satisfaction. This study attends to probe further on this topic; however, its scope is within the Nkomazi Municipality in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The study’s core goal was to determine factors affecting the relationship between organisational culture and job satisfaction within the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. To achieve this aim, the study pursued a qualitative research approach by interviewing personnel at the Nkomazi Municipality as a means to gaining deeper insight on their perceptions and opinions. The study revealed that organisational culture did impact on job satisfaction at Nkomazi Municipality; however, this positive note was downplayed by the insufficiency of information flow among different strata of the municipality. In line with this, the study recommends regular meetings as a means to enhancing the communication flow amongst role-players within the municipality. Furthermore, the study advocates training programmes as an agenda towards an efficient flow of communication at different levels within the Nkomazi Municipality; while also adopting capacity developmental programmes for the development of personnels’ communication, interpersonal and cognitive skills.
Disbursing of social security grants : a case of uMgungundlovu District, South Africa
Authors:   , Luthuli Mthokozisi Sydney
Published: October 2022

The strategic features of this study were to create new understanding of existing issues and identify new and emerging issues worthy of investigation and explanation. The distribution of disability grants is a long-standing practice that has been a way of life to people living with disability since the dawn of democracy, which started as of the year 1994. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of disbursing social security grants at Pietermaritzburg office KwaZulu–Natal. Although the ability for South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) is to execute the distribution of social grants, the practice over the years is mounted with allegations of issues of fraud, maladministration and dissatisfaction of beneficiaries. The SASSA is required to provide the services aligned to administrative approaches and systems of transmitting disability grants within SASSA institutions in South Africa and provide social relief of distress to beneficiaries. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology to collect and analyse data. The intention of using a qualitative paradigm is to respond to specific questions that directs to the applications in real world situation, and be able to address the specific societal problems. This study factors associated with ineffectiveness of the distribution processing of grants and implications for grant beneficiaries. A majority of selected respondents perceived the disability grant policy as unjust and saw very little hope of improvement. This study recommends the value of chain in the distribution of disability grants by training the employees, improving the infrastructures and the capacity of SASSA in providing the disability grants at Pietermaritzburg office.
Template da Revista Scientiarum Historia
Authors: Hauy Valentin
Published: October 2022

Para baixar o template, basta clicar à direita e um pouco acima, onde consta: Modelo em português ABNT.docx ou neste link
Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures
Authors: Korolev Alexei , DeMott Paul J. , Heckman Ivan , Wolde Mengistu , Williams Earle , Smalley David J. , Donovan Michael F.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and
radiation balance. Therefore, an accurate description of ice initiation in
the atmosphere is of great importance for weather prediction models and
climate simulations. Despite the abundance of ice crystals in the
atmosphere, the mechanisms for their formation remain not well understood.
There are two major sets of mechanisms of ice initiation in the atmosphere:
primary nucleation and secondary ice production. Secondary ice production
occurs in the presence of preexisting ice, which results in an enhancement
of the concentration of ice particles. Until recently, secondary ice
production was mainly attributed to the rime-splintering mechanism, known as
the Hallett–Mossop process, which is active in a relatively narrow
temperature range from −3 to −8 ∘C. The existence of
the Hallett–Mossop process was well supported by in situ observations. The
present study provides an explicit in situ observation of secondary ice
production at temperatures as low as −27 ∘C, which is well outside
the range of the Hallett–Mossop process. This observation expands our
knowledge of the temperature range of initiation of secondary ice in clouds.
The obtained results are intended to stimulate laboratory and theoretical
studies to develop physically based parameterizations for weather prediction
and climate models.
Seasonal variation in nitryl chloride and its relation to gas-phase precursors during the JULIAC campaign in Germany
Authors: Tan Zhaofeng , Fuchs Hendrik , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Bloss William J. , Bohn Birger , Cho Changmin , Hohaus Thorsten , Holland Frank , Lakshmisha Chandrakiran , Liu Lu , Monks Paul S. , Novelli Anna , Niether Doreen , Rohrer Franz , Tillmann Ralf , Valkenburg Thalassa S. E. , Vardhan Vaishali , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Sommariva Roberto
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Ambient measurements of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) were
performed at a rural site in Germany, covering three periods in winter,
summer, and autumn 2019, as part of the JULIAC campaign (Jülich
Atmospheric Chemistry Project) that aimed to understand the
photochemical processes in air masses typical of midwestern Europe.
Measurements were conducted at 50 m aboveground, which was mainly located
in the nocturnal boundary layer and thus uncoupled from local surface
emissions. ClNO2 is produced at night by the heterogeneous reaction of
dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) on chloride (Cl−) that contains
aerosol. Its photolysis during the day is of general interest, as it produces chlorine (Cl) atoms that react with different atmospheric trace gases to form radicals. The highest-observed ClNO2 mixing ratio
was 1.6 ppbv (parts per billion by volume; 15 min average) during the night of 20 September. Air masses reaching the measurement site either originated from long-range transport from the southwest and had an oceanic influence or circulated in the nearby region and were influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nocturnal maximum ClNO2 mixing ratios were around 0.2 ppbv if originating from long-range transport in nearly all seasons, while the values were higher, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 ppbv for regionally influenced air. The chemical composition of long-range transported air was similar in all investigated seasons, while the regional air exhibited larger differences between the seasons. The N2O5 necessary for ClNO2 formation comes from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), where NO3
itself is formed by a reaction of NO2 with ozone (O3). Measured
concentrations of ClNO2, NO2, and O3 were used to quantify
ClNO2 production efficiencies, i.e., the yield of ClNO2 formation
per NO3 radical formed, and a box model was used to examine the
idealized dependence of ClNO2 on the observed nocturnal O3 and
NO2 concentrations. Results indicate that ClNO2 production
efficiency was most sensitive to the availability of NO2 rather than
that of O3 and increased with decreasing temperature. The average
ClNO2 production efficiency was highest in February and September, with values of 18 %, and was lowest in December, with values of 3 %. The average ClNO2 production efficiencies were in the range of 3 % and 6 % from August to November for air masses originating from long-range transportation. These numbers are at the high end of values reported in the literature, indicating the importance of ClNO2 chemistry in rural environments in midwestern Europe.
Impact of 3D cloud structures on the atmospheric trace gas products from UV–Vis sounders – Part 2: Impact on NO2 retrieval and mitigation strategies
Authors: Yu Huan , Emde Claudia , Kylling Arve , Veihelmann Ben , Mayer Bernhard , Stebel Kerstin , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Operational retrievals of tropospheric trace gases from space-borne spectrometers are based on one-dimensional radiative transfer models. To minimize cloud effects, trace gas retrievals generally implement a simple cloud model based on radiometric cloud fraction estimates and photon path length corrections. The latter relies on measurements of the oxygen collision pair (O2–O2) absorption at 477 nm or on the oxygen A-band around 760 nm to determine an effective cloud height. In reality however, the impact of clouds is much more complex, involving unresolved sub-pixel clouds, scattering of clouds in neighbouring pixels, and cloud shadow effects, such that unresolved three-dimensional effects due to clouds may introduce significant biases in trace gas retrievals. Although clouds have significant effects on trace gas retrievals, the current cloud correction schemes are based on a simple cloud model, and the retrieved cloud parameters must be interpreted as effective values. Consequently, it is difficult to assess the accuracy of the cloud correction only based on analysis of the accuracy of the cloud retrievals, and this study focuses solely on the impact of the 3D cloud structures on the trace gas retrievals. In order to quantify this impact, we study NO2 as a trace gas example and apply standard retrieval methods including approximate cloud corrections to synthetic data generated by the state-of-the-art three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer model MYSTIC. A sensitivity study is performed for simulations including a box cloud, and the dependency on various parameters is investigated. The most significant bias is found for cloud shadow effects under polluted conditions. Biases depend strongly on cloud shadow fraction, NO2 profile, cloud optical thickness, solar zenith angle, and surface albedo. Several approaches to correct NO2 retrievals under cloud shadow conditions are explored. We find that air mass factors calculated using fitted surface albedo or corrected using the O2–O2 slant column density can partly mitigate cloud shadow effects. However, these approaches are limited to cloud-free pixels affected by surrounding clouds. A parameterization approach is presented based on relationships derived from the sensitivity study. This allows measurements to be identified for which the standard NO2 retrieval produces a significant bias and therefore provides a way to improve the current data flagging approach.
Magnetic local time (MLT) dependence of auroral peak emission height and morphology
Authors: Partamies Noora , Whiter Daniel , Kauristie Kirsti , Massetti Stefano
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We investigate the bulk behaviour of auroral structures and peak emission height as a function of magnetic local time (MLT). These data are collected from the Fennoscandian Lapland and Svalbard latitudes from seven identical auroral all-sky cameras (ASC) over about one solar cycle. The analysis focusses on green auroral emission, which is where the morphology is most clearly visible and the number of images is the highest. The typical peak emission height of the green and blue aurora varies from 110 km on the nightside to about 118 km in the morning MLT over the Lapland region. It stays systematically higher (at 118–120 km) at high latitudes (Svalbard) during the nighttime and reaches 140 km at around magnetic noon. During high solar wind speed (above 500 km s−1), nightside emission heights appear about 5 km lower than during slow solar wind speed (below 400 km s−1). The sign of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has nearly no effect on the emission heights in the night sector, but the northward IMF causes lower emission heights at dawn over Lapland and during the noon hours over Svalbard. While the former is interpreted as a change in the particle population within the field-of-view (FoV), the latter is rather due to the movement of the cusp location due to the IMF orientation. The morning sector heights also show a pronounced difference when previously detected pulsating aurora (PsA) events have been excluded/included in the dataset, suggesting that this type of aurora is a dominant phenomenon in the morning and an important dissipation mechanism. An increase of complex auroral structures in the midnight hours agrees with the average substorm occurrence. This increase is amplified during stronger solar wind driving and during higher geomagnetic activity (as measured by auroral electrojet index, AL). During high solar wind speed, the high latitude auroral evolution shows particularly complex morphology, which is not limited to the nightside but rather only excludes the magnetic noon hours. An increase in the geomagnetic activity further enhances the structural complexity of the aurora in the morning sector.
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Authors: Chen Kai , Burgess Kevin S. , He Fangliang , Yang Xiang-Yun , Gao Lian-Ming , Li De-Zhu
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms that shape the geographic
distribution of plant species is a central theme of biogeography. Although
seed mass, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny have long been suspected to
affect species distribution, the link between the sources of variation in
these attributes and their effects on the distribution of seed plants are
poorly documented. This study aims to quantify the joint effects of key seed
traits and phylogeny on species distribution. We collected the seed mass and
seed dispersal mode from 1426 species of seed plants representing 501
genera of 122 families and used 4 138 851 specimens to model species
distributional range size. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares regression
and variation partitioning were performed to estimate the effects of seed
mass, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny on species distribution. We found
that species distributional range size was significantly constrained by
phylogeny. Seed mass and its intraspecific variation were also important in
limiting species distribution, but their effects were different among
species with different dispersal modes. Variation partitioning revealed that
seed mass, seed mass variability, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny together
explained 46.82 % of the variance in species range size. Although seed
traits are not typically used to model the geographic distributions of seed
plants, our study provides direct evidence showing seed mass, seed dispersal
mode and phylogeny are important in explaining species geographic
distribution. This finding underscores the necessity to include seed traits
and the phylogenetic history of species in climate-based niche models for
predicting the response of plant geographic distribution to climate change.