bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Disorders Due to Exposures to Marine Life: A Simple Review
Authors: Altemani Rayyan Fahad H. , Alharthi Yousef Hussain J. , Albalawi Raghad Saud A. , Al-Enezi Abeer Mohammed M. , Aljohani Farah Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Khawla Abdulrahman , Alqasmi Dana Mohsen , Alblawi Abeer Zaal S. , ALQasir Dhuha Abdullah , Abusabir Sarah Ali , Aljawi Afnan Fadhel
Published: September 2021

Exposure to aquatic organisms includes a variety of clinical situations. Skin damage after exposure to the marine environment includes bacterial and fungal infections as well as damage caused by aquatic plants and protists. Aquatic skin diseases are various skin diseases found among swimmers, divers, fishermen and tourists participating in water activities. Some conditions are particularly relevant to fresh or salt water, while other conditions may occur in both environments at the same time. Injuries can be divided into several general categories. There may also be overlapping, non-infected mechanical damage, infection after mechanical damage, and mechanical damage accompanied by inoculation of poisons or substances with sensitizing properties. The clinical manifestations of skin diseases generally include erythema, blisters, urticaria, edema, scars, pigment changes and paresthesias. General management is achieved through the application of first aid as well as diagnostic imaging and tetanus prevention.
Efficacy of Relaxation Therapy on the Breathing Pattern among Bronchial Asthma Patients
Authors: Dhanvijay Roshani P. , Pohekar Savita
Published: September 2021

Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airway that triggers frequent cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and chest tightness. Bronchial asthma may be caused by exposure to multiple irritants and pollutants which include: pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, smoke, respiratory allergens.Treatment for bronchial asthma patients along with the medication for relieving the symptoms of asthma. Various alternative therapies alleviating the rate of wheezing, aiming to minimize asthma triggers.

Aim: The study aim is to assess the effectiveness of selected relaxation technique on the breathing outcome among patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma.

Methodology: It is an interventional evaluatory approach; time-series design will be used to conduct the bronchial asthma patients. A Non-Probability purposive sampling technique will be used to select the samples. This research study included 40 patients of AVBRH Rural hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha. Patients must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pretest-posttest will be taken with the assessment of peak expiratory flow rate, breath-holding time, and frequency of using the inhaler. After that, statistical and inferential analysis will be done.

Expected Results: Outcome includes the selected relaxation technique on the bronchial asthma patients that are effective for relieving the symptoms and frequency of medication. Both relaxation method which is most effective for the bronchial asthma patients that are going to assess with the sample.

Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the statistical analysis.
A Dissertation on Non Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Reddy Y. Satish
Published: September 2021

The incidence of appendicitis is most commonly seen in the age group of non traumatic abdominal emergencies between 15 and 25 accounting for 30% of all the studied cases. In this studied cases males were predominantly affected. The main cause of viscus perforations are Duodenal perforation percentage. This study results shows the male preponderance and also a decrease in age of peptic ulcer majorly due to typhoid. The most commonest hernias to become obstructed is inguinal hernia. Small bowel obstruction seems to be disease of the young as shown by our series. Both the sexes were mostly affected from our findings. Maximum in the 0-10 age group, we had only 3.9% of such cases in our study. The female incidence (56.3%) predominated over the male incidence (43.7%).
Hepatoprotective Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin Isoniazid-induced Rats
Authors: Wahfar Yessi Sunari , Lister I. Nyoman Ehrich , Fachrial Edy
Published: September 2021

Aims: Hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid (AT- DILI, Anti Tuberculosis-Drug Induced Liver Injury), is an adverse reaction followed by significant morbidity. Several in vivo and in vitro research has confirmed that papaya seeds contain various non-essentials, minerals, and fiber. Carica papaya role in disease prevention through modulation of various processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, immunomodulatory activity, and antioxidant activity, suggests a role in neutralizing free radical generation and ultimately preventing pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of papaya seeds on rifampicin and isoniazid- induced rats.

Study Design:  This study is experimental study.

Methodology: The experimental animals in this study were divided into eight groups, including normal group, negative group 1, negative group 2, negative group 3, positive group, treatment group I (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 100 mg/kgBW), treatment group II (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 300 mg/kgBW), and treatment group III (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 500 mg/kgBW), then the rats were dissected, and blood was taken for AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and Bilirubin level measurements.

Results: The results showed that papaya seed ethanol extract could reduce ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and Bilirubin levels that were significantly different (P <0.05) than those in the negative control group.

Conclusion: Flavonoid contains in the extract ethanol carica papaya has vita role to prevent the liver toxicity caused by isoniazid and rifampicin.
Impact of Gastric Acids on Surface Roughness of Dental Materials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Radwan Waseem , Mansy Iman El , Alyahya Aljohara , Alawad Mada , Alsaileek Reem , Alyousef Sara
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dental materials whenever used for restorations in the oral cavity can be subjected to dental erosion because of the gastric juices and can cause roughness and act as a nidus for the growth plaque. Aim of this study was to evaluate impact of artificial gastric acid on surface roughness of dental restorations, examining scientific studies published from 2010-2020.

Materials and Methods: This study follows and complies with principles of PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review research methodology. In March 2020, an initial search was carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library database of indexed journals from 2010-2020 using the keywords: impact,” “effect,” “gastric acid,” “gastric juice,” “indirect restorations,” “dental materials,” “dental ceramics,” “crowns,”. Bibliographic materials from these articles were then utilized to find other sources. 

Results: The MEDLINE (PubMed) search retrieved thirty articles, of which three were relevant to the study. Total articles found in Google scholar were 11,500 article, in which 11 were analyzed for further review and only seven matched the allocated inclusion and exclusion criteria. 512 articles were found in the Saudi Digital Library and only three of these articles followed the inclusion criteria of this study.

Conclusions: It has been proved by numerous studies that acidic exposure significantly affects the surface roughness of dental ceramics negatively. There is lack of evidence to support the claim that Zirconia is the dental ceramic of choice for patients with intrinsic acid regurgitation. Thus, it is recommended to conduct further studies in order to assess and confirm the best material that can withstand such acidic environment.
Efficacy of Different Tooth Lining Materials on Marginal Seal of Composite Restorations Extended upto Root Surface of the Tooth- Systematic Review
Authors: Alamassi Basil Y. , Ashehri Shouq M. , Morayah Reema A. , Alharthi Ghadah F. , Alshayea Meshari N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Microleakage is a major concern in composite restorations, especially with margins located on dentin or cementum of the tooth. This study aimed to review the available literature investigating in vitro the efficacy of different tooth lining materials on the marginal seal of composite restorations extended below the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) of the tooth.

Materials and Methods: Different combinations of the review terms were used to electronically search PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Ebscohost databases for the last fifteen years. The records were initially screened for relevancy based on title and abstract. Articles that seemed to meet the criteria for inclusion were selected for full-text assessment.  Studies deemed eligible were in vitro studies conducted on human teeth with cavities extending below the CEJ and restored using different tooth lining materials under the composite restorations.Every included study was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.

Results: The initial search identified 619 publications. After removing duplicated records, the remaining 421 records are screened at the level of titles and abstracts to meet our inclusion criteria. 62 records were designated for full-text methodological assessment, and 15 studies were found eligible for qualitative synthesis. The sealing ability of different tooth lining materials under composite restorations was investigated in the chosen studies, with varying outcomes. Microleakage in the tooth restorations was determined by examining the extent of dye penetration under a microscope.

Conclusion: Despite the reports of less dye penetration with specific tooth liners in some in-vitro studies, there is no consistent evidence supporting that such tooth liners could reduce microleakage in composite restorations of the tooth.
Propagation, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Plumbago indica - A Review
Authors: Priyanjani H. A. S. A , Senarath R. M. U. S. , Senarath W. T. P. S. K , Munasinghe M. L. A. M. S.
Published: September 2021

Aims: Plumbago indica is a medicinal plant widely grown in the tropics and temperate region to use in traditional systems of medicine. Different parts of this plant are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, cancer, leprosy, syphilis, rheumatism, paralysis, headache, leukoderma, enlarged glands, scabies, ophthalmia, dyspepsia, haemorrhage, piles, flatulence, loss of appetite etc. Various kinds of researches were carried out in different countries on propagation and pharmacology of this medicinal plant. Scientifically proven data were concentrated on this paper to facilitate reliable convenience data source and encourage further studies.

Methodology: Scientific data published on full papers, abstracts about morphology, growth, propagation, traditional medicinal uses and pharmacology of P. indica over 70 years (1949-2020) by researchers in different countries were collected and categorized under suitable topics.

Results: According to literature P. indica leaves, stems, roots contain phytochemical compound that are responsible for its medicinal properties. Tissue culture of this plant can be uses as effective propagation method to fulfill the increasing demand of raw materials (dried plant parts) for medicinal preparations as well as preserve the plant in their natural habitat.

Value: P. indica is used to treat vast range of diseases in traditional medicinal systems in different countries and currently pharmacological experiments are conducting to prove it scientifically. Plumbagin present in P. indica roots was already identified as a potential anti-cancer agent and subjected to more research interest. Therefore this review article helps new researchers to get wide knowledge about the plant and its pharmacology.
Mechanically Pulsating Liquid Metal Within Biologic Porous Ionogel for Energy Harvest
Authors: Che Xinpeng , Yu Hongwei , Wang Ting , Zhang Bailang , Zhai Zhuanzhuan , Chen Yijun , Pei Danfeng , Li Mingjie , Li Chaoxu
Published: December 2024

Soft generators hold great promise both in powering flexible electronics and in signaling specific parameter variations. In particular, mechanical motions for electricity harvest have attracted great interests due to their ubiquity and relevance to human activities. Instead of the widely reported piezoelectric and triboelectric generators, in this study an efficient electric‐double‐layer (EDL) generator is designed by embedding liquid metal (LM) into biologic porous ionogels. When pulsating LM into or out of the ionogel pores, an alternating current would be produced from the variation of EDL area between LM and ionogels. The porous ionogels are produced unprecedentedly by partially fusing biologic nanofibrils and ionic liquid, whose porosities and adhesion to LM surfaces are tuned elaborately to ensure their reversible compressibility, freely moving of LM within the internal channels and hereby maximal variation of EDL area for optimal energy harvest, e.g., showing an alternating current with amplitude up to 25 µA cm−2 and energy power of 4 mW cm−2 higher than many piezoelectric and triboelectric generators. Besides electricity harvest from motions, this soft generator can also serve as a self‐powered and highly sensitive tactile sensor.
Efficient Separation of Adjacent Rare Earths in One Step by Using Ion‐microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Song An‐Min , Yang Meng‐Jie , Wu Zhi , Yang Qing , Lin Bin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding
Published: December 2024

High‐purity rare earth (REEs) materials are key raw materials for the development of cutting‐edge technologies. However, due to similar physical and chemical properties, separating adjacent REEs from actual samples faces a formidable challenge. To overcome this challenge, an ion‐microporous metal–organic framework (ATZ‐BTC‐Zn; MOFs) is designed and synthesized, featuring densely packed nano‐trap pockets constructed from non‐coordinating carboxyl and amino groups. The synergistic effect of open nano‐trap pockets and suitable ions channel in ATZ‐BTC‐Zn is highly responsive to the size variation of lighter REEs. Notably, the configuration of Zn(H2O)62+ counterion in ATZ‐BTC‐Zn is similar to lanthanide hydrated ions (Ln(H2O)63+), facilitating the efficient ion exchange between them in the high‐speed ion transport channel. This accelerates the diffusion of REEs within the MOF pores, enhancing the utilization of active adsorption sites and promoting the efficient capture of adjacent REEs by nano‐traps. The binary model experiments show high separation factors for adjacent REEs (SFLa/Nd = 908, SFCe/La = 543), demonstrating efficient separation by ATZ‐BTC‐Zn in one step. This capability achieves the selective separation of adjacent REEs in tailings wastewater, providing a strategy to infer the compatibility between MOFs and REEs.
An Acidic Media Pump with Ga‐Based Liquid Metal
Authors: Wang Bingxing , Wang Qi , Wang Weichen , Jiang Xiaoying , Zhao Donglin
Published: December 2024

Micropumps have an important influence on the field of microfluidics, with particular interest in pumps based on liquid metal that operate without mechanical moving parts. While previous research has primarily focused on pumping alkaline media, this article aims to advance the field by demonstrating a liquid metal pump suitable for acidic environments. A key strategy involves reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the surrounding solution through the addition of surface‐active anions (I−). Theoretical analysis first evaluates the effectiveness of this approach. These experimental results confirm that increasing KI concentrations leads to a decrease in interfacial tension, enabling the deformation and actuation of liquid metal droplets at lower voltages compared to acidic media alone. Subsequently, an acidic media pump is constructed, and various parameters influencing its performance are examined, including acidity, iodide anion concentration, voltage, frequency, and droplet volume. This research offers strategies for developing liquid metal pumps with high flow rates and low energy consumption, thereby expanding the application potential of liquid metal in microfluidics.
Smart Design of Targeted Drug Delivery System for Precise Drug Delivery and Visual Treatment of Brain Gliomas
Authors: Song Baoqin , Wu Mengru , Qin Lijing , Liang Wanjun , Wang Xiu
Published: December 2024

In the treatment of glioma, which is one of the malignant tumors, although chemotherapy is used as the most common treatment method, it often suffers from low bioavailability. Therefore, improving the precision and efficiency of drugs is crucial in treating gliomas and a great challenge. Here, an advanced drug delivery system is reported for gliomas (CZQD@HA@DOX), which aggregates multiple features such as the susceptible imaging tracer property due to the use of CZQD and the targeting of HA to the receptor cluster 44 (CD44) of glioma cells, which provides the system with the functions of targeted enrichment and precise drug delivery at the tumor site. The pH‐responsive drug delivery system has not only an excellent encapsulation rate but also a high drug loading capacity, and the doxorubicin loaded on it can be released centrally at the tumor microenvironment site and causes an increase of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and trigger oxidative stress, which leads to high expression of Bax apoptotic proteins, ultimately activating the mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptotic process in glioma cells. Overall, this drug delivery system has great potential for application in precision targeted therapy and visual tracer imaging of gliomas.
Orbital Current Pumping From Ultrafast Light‐driven Antiferromagnetic Insulator
Authors: Huang Lin , Tian Da , Liao Liyang , Qiu Hongsong , Bai Hua , Wang Qian , Pan Feng , Zhang Caihong , Jin Biaobing , Song Cheng
Published: December 2024

The orbital Hall effect originating from light materials with weak spin‐orbit coupling, has attracted considerable interest in spintronic applications. Recent studies demonstrate that orbital currents can be generated from charge currents through the orbital Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials. However, the generation of orbital currents in antiferromagnets has so far been elusive. In this work, this is experimentally observed that the generation of orbital currents from orbital dynamics in the antiferromagnetic insulator α‐Fe2O3 via terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy, a phenomenon known as orbital pumping. A significant increase in THz signal is obtained in α‐Fe2O3/Pt/CuOx heterostructure compared to that of α‐Fe2O3/Pt, with the maximum value occurring at a Pt thickness of 2 nm. The enhancement of the THz signal is attributed to the fact that magnons injected into Pt excite a coupled spin‐orbital current that flows toward the Pt/CuOx interface, aside from the spin‐to‐charge conversion in the Pt layer. The magnetoresistance contains the conventional spin‐Hall magnetoresistance contributed by the Pt layer and an additional orbital contribution from the Pt/CuOx interface. The Pt/CuOx interface generates an orbital current and absorbs the orbital accumulation, similar to the orbital‐Hall magnetoresistance. This finding provides a rich platform for orbital‐to‐charge conversion and opens an interdisciplinary field of antiferromagnetic orbitronics.
Enhanced Synaptic Memory Window and Linearity in Planar In2Se3 Ferroelectric Junctions
Authors: Jeon Yu‐Rim , Kim Dongyoon , Biswas Chandan , Ignacio Nicholas D , Carmichael Patrick , Feng Shaopeng , Lai Keji , Kim Dong‐Hwan , Akinwande Deji
Published: December 2024

A synaptic memristor using 2D ferroelectric junctions is a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing with ultra‐low power consumption, parallel computing, and adaptive scalable computing technologies. However, its utilization is restricted due to the limited operational voltage memory window and low on/off current (ION/OFF) ratio of the memristor devices. Here, it is demonstrated that synaptic operations of 2D In2Se3 ferroelectric junctions in a planar memristor architecture can reach a voltage memory window as high as 16 V (±8 V) and ION/OFF ratio of 108, significantly higher than the current literature values. The power consumption is 10−5 W at the on state, demonstrating low power usage while maintaining a large ION/OFF ratio of 108 compared to other ferroelectric devices. Moreover, the developed ferroelectric junction mimicked synaptic plasticity through pulses in the pre‐synapse. The nonlinearity factors are obtained 1.25 for LTP, −0.25 for LTD, respectively. The single‐layer perceptron (SLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) on‐chip training results in an accuracy of up to 90%, compared to the 91% in an ideal synapse device. Furthermore, the incorporation of a 3 nm thick SiO2 interface between the α‐In2Se3 and the Au electrode resulted in ultrahigh performance among other 2D ferroelectric junction devices to date.
Toward Realistic Full Cells with Protected Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes: the Effect of an Adaptive Self‐healing Artificial SEI
Authors: Burger Stephan , Skrotzki Julian , Büttner Jan , Beichel Witali , Klose Petra , Welle Alexander , Fischer Anna , Krossing Ingo
Published: December 2024

The application of an artificial LiBFEP‐SEI on thin 48 µm Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes (LiBFEP = Li[O2P(OCH2CF3)2]; SEI = solid electrolyte interphase) induces improved plating/stripping of lithium at the interphase with an almost doubling of the lifetime for Li–Li symmetrical cells. Four lithium‐fluoroalkylphosphates other than LiBFEP are tested, but all perform inferior to the control. Lithium‐metal full cells with various NMC‐cathodes and LP57 standard electrolyte are employed to confirm the superior performance of the LiBFEP artificial SEI (LP57 = 1 m Li[PF6] in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate 3:7 wt%). A tripling of the cell lifetime is observed using realistic cell‐cycle parameters. The stabilization of the modified anodes is evidenced by SEM‐EDX, ToF‐SIMS, PEIS measurements and led to an improved anode structure. The performance of the artificial SEI is further improved with the introduction of a novel low‐concentration and low‐polarity electrolyte (0.2 m lithium perfluoroalkoxyaluminate (Li[Al(ORF)4]; RF = C(CF3)3) in 1,2‐difluorobenzene). Cycling is sustained over 350 cycles with realistic conditions at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and 48 µm thin Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how the artificial LiBFEP‐SEI influences the performance of Lithium‐Metal‐Battery full cells, confirming the simplicity/effectiveness of the immersion process for the LiBFEP‐coating.
Doped‐NiOx Seed Layer on Textured Substrates for Low‐Loss Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Ziyue , Lee Minwoo , Tian Ruoming , Patterson Robert , Wang Yu , Qian Chen , Sun Kaiwen , Liu Ziheng , Yun Jae Sung , Xu Menglei , Zhang Xinyu , Jin Hao , Green Martin , He Mingrui , Li Zhen , Hao Xiaojing
Published: December 2024

Further improvements in photocurrent are essential to unlock higher efficiencies in inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While the use of textured substrates has proven successful in normal structure (n‐i‐p) devices to improve photocurrent, applying the same approach to p‐i‐n architecture is challenging due to difficulties in depositing ultra‐thin self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on uneven surfaces. To overcome this limitation, a rubidium‐based ammonia treatment for nickel oxide seed layers is proposed. This strategy enhances the surface homogeneity of hole‐transporting layers on textured substrates, facilitates perovskite defect passivation, and improves SAM anchoring, collectively enhancing hole extraction and suppressing non‐radiative recombination. As a result, the optimized PSCs achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.66% with a fill factor of 86.35% and demonstrates excellent long‐term stability, retaining 95% of their initial PCE after 1,000 hours following ISOS‐L‐2I protocol. Moreover, the scalability of this approach is validated with a 1 cm2 active area device, achieving a PCE of 23.90%. These findings highlight the potential of the strategy to address key challenges in PSC interfaces and advance the commercial viability of high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics.
A Vanillin‐Derived Inhibitor of Aggregates via Targeting Intrinsically Disordered Regions of Phytoviral Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Wang Yanju , Luo Yuqin , Li Xin , Chen Feifei , Zhang Xingjie , Yu Lu , Song Runjiang , Song Baoan
Published: December 2024

Phase separation (PS) plays a fundamental role in organizing aggregates during the viral lifecycle, providing significant opportunities for in viral disease treatment by inhibiting PS. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) have been extensively studied and found to be critical for PS. However, the discovery of small molecules that target residues within IDRs remains underexplored, particularly in the field of pesticides. Herein, we report a novel phytovirucide compound 29, which was screened from a series of vanillin derivatives designed with sulfonylpiperazine motifs. The inactivation efficacy of compound 29 against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was significantly superior to that of the control agents vanisulfane and ribavirin. Mechanistically, compound 29 binds to the TSWV nucleocapsid protein (NP) at residues Lys68 (K68), Thr92 (T92), and Arg94 (R94), with T92 and R94 located in the IDRs of NP. Mutations at these sites impair the ability to form aggregates. Furthermore, a host factor, GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate)‐binding nuclear protein Ran‐like (Niben101scf08341g01001, NbRANL), which interacts with NP and promotes its aggregation, was identified. Compound 29 also suppresses the expression of NbRANL, resulting in the dual inhibition of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) formation. This unique mechanism of action provides insights into IDRs‐based virucide discovery.
3D Multilayer Folding of Chiral and Achiral Targets Cotaining Aryl‐Aryl‐Alkynyl Motifs Enabled by π‐π Stacking
Authors: Ur Rahman Anis , Zarshad Nighat , Zhang Sai , Ahmad Farooq , Li Guigen , Ali Asad
Published: December 2024

3D multi‐layered achiral and chiral compounds containing aryl‐aryl‐alkenyl motifs are considered crucial for achieving planarity via π.π stacking, enhanced stability by conjugation, improved optoelectronic properties and receptor binding capabilities. By taking advantage of palladium (0) catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions, newly designed atropisomerically 3D multi‐layered achiral and chiral compounds have been synthesized successfully synthesized that leverage center‐to‐multilayer chirality. These compounds were obtained in overall yields of 27 % to 89 % through flash column chromatography, and comprehensively characterized with their absolute configurations confirmed using X‐ray structural analysis. Utilizing readily available commercial starting materials, fourteen distinct diastereomers with multilayer chirality were successfully synthesized in a seven‐step process, along with fifteen achiral multilayered targets achieved in five steps. This research will open new avenues in the fields of atropisomeric drug designing, bio‐sensing and circularly polarised luminescence materials.
A 17.73 % Solar‐To‐Hydrogen Efficiency with Durably Active Catalyst in Stable Photovoltaic‐Electrolysis Seawater System
Authors: Gao Yong , Xu Yunyun , Guo Hu , Li Jingjing , Ding Lingling , Wang Tao , He Jianping , Chang Kun , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: December 2024

Developing durably active catalysts to tackle harsh voltage polarization and seawater corrosion is pivotal for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion, yet remains a challenge. We report a durably active catalyst of NiCr‐layered double hydroxide (RuldsNiCr‐LDH) with highly exposed Ni−O−Ru units, in which low‐loading Ru (0.32 wt %) is locked precisely at defect lattice site (Rulds) by Ni and Cr. The Cr site electron equilibrium reservoir and Cl− repulsion by intercalated CO32− ensure the highly durable activity of Ni−O−Ru units. The RuldsNiCr‐LDH‖RuldsNiCr‐LDH electrolyzer based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM‐WE) shows ultrastable seawater electrolysis at 1000 mA cm−2. Employing RuldsNiCr‐LDH both as anode and cathode, a photovoltaic‐electrolysis seawater system achieves a 17.73 % STH efficiency, corresponding photovoltaic‐to‐hydrogen (PVTH) efficiency is 72.37 %. Further, we elucidate the dynamic evolutionary mechanism involving the interfacial water dissociation‐oxidation, establishing the correlation between the dynamic behavior of interfacial water with the kinetics, activity of RuldsNiCr‐LDH catalytic water electrolysis. Our work is a breakthrough step for achieving economically scalable production of green hydrogen.
Precise Supramolecular Nanoarchitectonics for Simultaneous Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis in a Co‐Assembly by a Biomimetic Isolation‐Conduction Strategy
Authors: Gao Zhao , Sun Jianxiang , Shi Lulu , Yuan Wei , Yan Hongxia , Tian Wei
Published: December 2024

Limited by the two mutually exclusive physicochemical processes of separation and recombination of photogenerated carriers, achieving photoluminescence and photocatalysis simultaneously is extremely challenging but essential for ever‐growing complex issues and specialized scenarios. Here we proposed a biomimetic isolation‐conduction strategy induced by an arene‐perfluoroarene (A−P) interaction for enabling photoluminescence and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in the co‐assembly of aromatic monomers and octafluoronapthalene (OFN). Inspired by the isolation‐conduction effect of periodic isolation of myelin sheaths on the axons of vertebrate nerve fibers by node of Ranvier, we use OFN as a molecular isolator embedded in the aromatic monomers array to block the singlet‐to‐triplet pathway, while the enlarged intermolecular dipoles resulting from the A−P interactions facilitate the conduction of photogenerated carriers in the isolated regions. The resultant co‐assembly exhibits an enhanced monomeric green emission compared to the corresponding monocomponent self‐assembly with weak red emission. Meanwhile, it also has an enhanced photocatalytic HER performance with a rate of 2.45 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 15.2 times more than the self‐assembled one. On this basis, a sequential fluoric wastewater reuse system that includes real‐time fluorescence detection/removal of perfluorooctanoic acids and photocatalytic HER device is constructed.
Climate Change Impacts and Future Risk on UK Seahorse Species, Short‐Snouted Hippocampus hippocampus and Long‐Snouted Hippocampus guttulatus
Authors: Pearce Reagan H.  , Selley Hazel 
Published: December 2024

For the two European seahorse species, the short‐snouted Hippocampus hippocampus and the long‐snouted Hippocampus guttulatus, there are knowledge gaps that need further research. These research gaps become increasingly pressing under climate change, where uncertainty in how coastal ecosystems will change is compounded by uncertainty in how these seahorses will respond to changing pressures. Under climate change, these species could experience northward range shifts, expanding their range in United Kingdom (UK) coastal waters, potentially requiring the UK to take a leadership role in European seahorse conservation in the future. This review aims to synthesise current scientific research to provide an overview of how these seahorse species are likely to respond to climate change. Using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), predictions for future change along with the likelihood and severity of seahorse species response are combined to provide a confidence ranking in the climate change risk for these species in the UK. When considering individual factors, such as sea surface temperature, these seahorse species show some resilience, but climate change is the cumulative impact of multiple stressors, which existing research has not been able to capture. Overall, further research on seahorse response to environmental variables is needed across Europe.
Modified Imidazole‐Phenol‐Based ESIPT Fluorophores as Self‐Absorption Free Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Petdee Sujinda , Rueantong Kasin , Arunlimsawat Suangsiri , Itsoponpan Teerapat , Saenubol Atthapon , Janthakit Pattarapapa , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: December 2024

Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules are promising fluorophores for various applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronic devices. Particularly, their self‐absorption‐free fluorescence properties would make them a perfect choice as emissive materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nevertheless, to become effective emitters some of their properties need to be altered by structural modifications. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of new ESIPT molecules (2PImBzP, 2ImBzP, and 2FImBzP) by functionalization of imidazole‐phenol‐based ESIPT cores with electron‐deficient benzo[d]thiazole and various ambipolar imidazole moieties (1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PIm), 1,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazole (Im), and (4,5‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole (FIm)), respectively. Each molecule displays a complete ESIPT process with intense green emissions from a pure keto form and high solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) of 65–80 %. These fluorophores with superior thermal stability and balanced charge carrier mobility are effectively employed as non‐doped emitters in OLEDs. The non‐doped devices emit greenish lights with high brightness, high current efficiency (CE) (10.95–17.66 cd A−1), and low turn‐on voltages (2.8–2.9 V). The electroluminescence purely originates from the emission of the keto tautomer of the emissive layers. Specifically, the 2PImBzP‐based non‐doped OLED stands out by achieving a remarkable brightness of 56,220 cd m−2, a CE of up to 17.66 cd A−1, and an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.65 % with a slight efficiency roll‐off.
A Preplanned Multi‐Stage Platform Trial for Discovering Multiple Superior Treatments With Control of FWER and Power
Authors: Greenstreet Peter , Jaki Thomas , Bedding Alun , Mozgunov Pavel
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in the implementation of platform trials, which provide the flexibility to incorporate new treatment arms during the trial and the ability to halt treatments early based on lack of benefit or observed superiority. In such trials, it can be important to ensure that error rates are controlled. This paper introduces a multi‐stage design that enables the addition of new treatment arms, at any point, in a preplanned manner within a platform trial, while still maintaining control over the family‐wise error rate. This paper focuses on finding the required sample size to achieve a desired level of statistical power when treatments are continued to be tested even after a superior treatment has already been found. This may be of interest if there are treatments from different sponsors which are also superior to the current control or multiple doses being tested. The calculations to determine the expected sample size is given. A motivating trial is presented in which the sample size of different configurations is studied. In addition, the approach is compared to running multiple separate trials and it is shown that in many scenarios if family‐wise error rate control is needed there may not be benefit in using a platform trial when comparing the sample size of the trial.
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles From Fissidens Species and Its Biological Applications
Authors: Anushiya Periyathambi , Pavithra Ravi , Poonkothai Mani , Sanjupriya Senthilvel , Geethamala Gunaseelan Vivekananth , Swathilakshmi Ammapettai Varanavasu , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad Khalid , Srinivasan Palanisamy
Published: December 2024

The present study was performed to synthesize eco‐friendly nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) from the aqueous extract of Fissidens species (FS) and explore its biological activities. Phytochemicals, namely, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and phenols, were present in the aqueous extract of Fissidens sp. The UV–Vis and FT‐IR analyses of FS‐NiONPs revealed a prominent peak at 392 nm, along with functional groups that facilitate the formation of FS‐NiONPs. XRD spectrum confirmed the crystalline nature and SEM with EDX depicted the irregular, aggregated clusters and purity of FS‐NiONPs. The photocatalytic activity against RB94 was achieved within 20 min with maximum decolorization efficiency (93%). The experimental data of adsorption studies fitted well with Langmuir isotherm, showcasing the monolayer adsorption of RB94 through chemisorption process. The thermodynamic study revealed that the dye removal was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. The results of antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity study revealed the potentiality of FS‐NiONPs in clinical and agricultural applications. Hence, this study emphasizes the eco‐friendly synthesis of FS‐NiONPs and highlights its decolorization potential, antimicrobial activity and growth promoting properties.
Engineering VIGS Vectors by Modifying Movement Proteins of the 30K Family
Authors: Villar‐Álvarez David , Navarro José A. , Pallas Vicente , Sanchez‐Navarro Jesús Ángel
Published: December 2024

Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) represents a particularly relevant tool in agricultural species for studying gene functionality. This study presents a novel approach for utilizing viruses belonging to the 30K family of movement proteins (MPs) as VIGS vectors. The method described here employs smaller inserts (54 bp or less) than those commonly used (100–500 bp). The developed strategy involves modifying 30K family MPs to introduce heterologous sequences of the gene of interest into their coding sequence. This approach enabled the successful induction of gene silencing in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Three representative viruses of the MP 30K family, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were employed. The capacity to induce gene silencing of small inserts (18–54 bp) was investigated, enabling to establish a correlation between insert size and silencing efficacy. This allowed the system to be calibrated to achieve partial silencing levels. The relationship between viral encapsidation and the level of gene silencing was also investigated, revealing that a high efficiency of viral encapsidation results in a reduction in the level of gene silencing achieved. Considering these findings, it can be concluded that the approach carried out with AMV, CMV, and TMV could be applied to other members of the MP 30K family. The MP 30K family comprises 20 viral genera and over 500 viral species, which can infect all agronomically significant plant species. Consequently, the strategy presented in this work could be applied to a wide range of relevant hosts.
Perineuronal Nets in Syrian Hamsters: Anatomical Localization, Sex Differences, Diurnal Variation, and Response to Social Stress
Authors: Shaughnessy Emma K. , Horne Benjamin W. , Huhman Kim L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix proteoglycans surrounding neurons and glia. It has been suggested that PNNs are involved in the pathophysiology of multiple CNS illnesses, including stress‐related neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders.

Method

Before examining the putative role of PNNs in stress‐related responses, we described for the first time the anatomical distribution in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), an excellent model organism for studying social stress and circadian rhythms.

Results

We observed PNNs throughout the hamster cortex and hippocampus but found low to no expression in subcortical regions such as the hypothalamus, thalamus, and striatum, sites where they are observed in rats and mice. We further demonstrated that PNNs are dynamically regulated in a sex‐dependent manner in response to acute social stress, specifically in hippocampal area CA1. We did not observe a difference in PNNs between the beginning of the dark versus light phase of the light–dark cycle in hamsters, despite other laboratory rodents showing diurnal variation in PNNs. Finally, we also demonstrated that there are sex differences in PNN expression in the somatosensory cortex and the basolateral amygdala in hamsters, suggesting that sex as a biological variable should be considered in studies of PNN function.

Conclusion

Together, the data from the current study suggest that a comparative approach will be necessary to fully elucidate the functional role of PNNs and, further, that Syrian hamsters are a valuable model in this endeavor.
Driving Consumer Engagement for Circular Luxury Products: Two Large Field Studies on the Role of Regulatory Mode Language
Authors: Joenpolvi Emma , Mortimer Gary , Mathmann Frank
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the effect of language on the marketing of circular luxury products. Circular economy principles are becoming important for luxury brands as consumers demand more circular and sustainable alternatives to traditional products. However, luxury literature is divergent on whether communicating circular economy principles with luxury products leads to positive or negative consumer outcomes. This is due to the perceived incompatibility of sustainability and luxury. This research investigates the influence of language used with circular luxury products in sales descriptions of second‐hand circular luxury products (Study 1) and language effects of sustainability communication on social media (Study 2) to establish impact on consumer engagement. Our analysis of combined N = 921,939 observations demonstrates that product descriptions and social media posts communicating circular principles lead to decreased consumer engagement. This is a major problem for the marketing of circular luxury products. However, this effect can be overcome by using predominant locomotion, progress‐focused language that creates a regulatory fit with circular luxury products, increasing consumer engagement. Theoretically this study shows the importance of predominant locomotion language in the marketing of circular luxury products. Luxury marketers can utilise predominant locomotion language in their brand communication to increase consumer engagement with these products.
The Influence of Consumer's Lay Rationalism on Electronic Entrepreneur‐Related Word of Mouth
Authors: Yuan Bing
Published: December 2024

Consumers often share and discuss information about entrepreneurs' behaviors on the Internet. Research has found that this electronic entrepreneur‐related word of mouth (EEWOM) has a sizable impact on brand and consumer behavior. While some research has started to examine the consequences of EEWOM, few studies have explored how different types of entrepreneur behavior (in this case, philanthropic versus economic) drive this form of WOM. Across three experiments, this paper demonstrates that philanthropic behavior (compared to economic behavior) encourages a higher intention to share EEWOM. Additionally, consumers lower in lay rationalism exhibited higher amounts of liking toward the entrepreneur, driven by their perceptions of the entrepreneur's altruism. This research sheds light on the interplay between entrepreneurial behavior, consumers' lay rationalism, and WOM and thus offers some practical implications for marketing managers.
GC–MS and HPLC–HRMS Metabolite Profiling and Biological Activities of Blanchetia heterotricha Extracts
Authors: de Lira Victor S. A. , Araújo Floricéa M. , Santos Rodrigo N. , Souza‐Neta Lourdes C. , Zambotti‐Villela Leonardo , Colepicolo Pio , Aona Lidyanne Y. S. , Ribeiro Paulo R.
Published: December 2024

Blanchetia heterotricha is a species popularly used for its medicinal properties. However, few scientific records report the investigation of its chemical composition and biological activity. Herein, a metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis approach was used to assess the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of B. heterotricha essential oil (BHEO) and fixed extracts (nonvolatile). Thirty‐six metabolites were identified in the essential oil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), whereas 59 metabolites were identified in the fixed extracts by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS). The essential oil and fixed extracts showed varying degrees of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity varied from 7.27 ± 0.95 µg mL−1 for the root methanolic extract to 513.25 ± 7.77 µg mL−1 for the seed hexane extract. Extracts obtained with ethyl acetate showed the most promising antimicrobial activity, followed by extracts obtained with methanol and hexane. Multivariate statistical analysis allowed the identification of possible contributors to the observed activities within the extracts. This is the first study to assess the antimicrobial activity in any Blanchetia species. The combination of metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis was a powerful tool to identify bioactive compounds, highlighting the potential of BHEO and fixed extracts as sources of metabolites with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Pleurotus ostreatus Copper Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antidiabetic Activities
Authors: Narayana M. S. Sandeep Veda , Rajesh N. , Dastagiri C. , Mobeen S. Anjum , Khadri Habeeb , Chandrasekhar T. , Prasanna V. Anu , Riazunnisa K.
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of nanotechnology has opened new frontiers in biomedical applications, particularly through the use of metal nanoparticles. This study explores the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using an aqueous extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO‐CuNPs) and their characterization through UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX. The synthesized PO‐CuNPs demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, evident in hydrogen peroxide scavenging and phosphomolybdenum assays. Their antibacterial efficacy was significant against Bacillus subtilis (18 ± 0.11 mm inhibition zone) and moderate against other bacterial strains. The antidiabetic potential of PO‐CuNPs was confirmed by α‐amylase (82%) and β‐glucosidase (86%) inhibition assays. Molecular docking studies revealed kaempferol (−9.0 kcal) and quercetin (−9.2 kcal) as potent α‐amylase inhibitors, while myricetin (−8.4 kcal) was most effective against β‐glucosidase due to its favorable interactions. Despite high scores, rutin was excluded due to poor drug‐likeliness, highlighting kaempferol and myricetin as promising antidiabetic agents. This research highlights the promising biomedical applications of P. ostreatus–based CuNPs, particularly in managing oxidative stress, microbial infections, and diabetes, showcasing their potential as eco‐friendly therapeutic agents.