bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Law and Economics of Language Model Development: Empirical Examination of Corporate Strategies and Vaporware Claims
Authors: Arai Koki
Published: December 2023

This research investigates the application of corporate strategies in developing Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, with a focus on law and economic aspects. Improved LLM performance is largely credited to expanded dataset size, leading to developments of similar models in non-English languages. This study questions whether such announcements, particularly in the Japanese market, could be classified as ‘vaporware’ posing potential antitrust issues. Using a stock event approach, the research scrutinizes the possibility of vaporware characteristics in these announcements by examining any resultant cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). The empirical evidence suggests an absence of significant upsurges in CARs in response to these announcements, implying a lack of vaporware characteristics and a stable market response. Consequently, in a market displaying reasonable efficiency towards investment in LLM development, these findings underscore the necessity for meticulous contemplation of competition policy regulation and the implementation of industrial policy promotion measures.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{2-(((4-acetophenone)imino)methyl)-4-fluorophenolato-κ
2
N,O}zinc(II), C30H22F2N2O4Zn
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Wu Lei-Fang , Chen Da-Qun
Published: December 2023

C30H22F2N2O4Zn, monoclinic, P2/c (no. 13), a = 9.5936(8) Å, b = 11.2561(10) Å, c = 11.9682(10) Å, β = 104.598(3)°, V = 1250.68(19) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0661, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1259, T = 173(2) K.
The crystal structure of 1,3,5-tris(dibromomethyl)benzene, C9H6Br6
Authors: Yang Chao-Bo , Chen Jia-Lu , Zhang Tian-Yu , Zhong Kai-Long
Published: December 2023

C9H6Br6, hexagonal, P63/m (no. 176), a = 8.8911(3) Å, c = 10.6847(5) Å, V = 731.48(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0441, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1094, T = 293 K.
Recommender systems: models, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hodovychenko Mykola A. , Gorbatenko Anastasiia A.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of recommender systems. In order to provide an overview of the current state of affairs in this sector and highlight the latest developments in recommender systems, the research papers available in this area were analyzed. The place of recommender systems in the modern world was defined, their relevance and role in people's daily lives in the modern information environment were highlighted. The advantages of recommender systems and their main properties are considered. In order to formally define the concept of recommender systems, a general scheme of recommender systems was provided and a formal task was formulated. A review of different types of recommender systems is carried out. It has been determined that personalized recommender systems can be divided into content filtering-based systems, collaborative filtering-based systems, and hybrid recommender systems. For each type of system, the author defines them and reviews the latest relevant research papers on a particular type of recommender system. The challenges faced by modern recommender systems are separately considered. It is determined that such challenges include the issue of robustness of recommender systems (the ability of the system to withstand various attacks), the issue of data bias (a set of various data factors that lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the recommender system), and the issue of fairness, which is related to discrimination against users of recommender systems. Overall, this study not only provides a comprehensive explanation of recommender systems, but also provides information to a large number of researchers interested in recommender systems. This goal was achieved by analyzing a wide range of technologies and trends in the service sector, which are areas where recommender systems are used.
Growth, Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Potassium Hydrogen Sulphate Single Crystals for Antimicrobial and Third-Order NLO Applications
Authors: Thilaga K. , Selvarajan P. , Kader S.M. Abdul
Published: December 2023

A good quality single crystal of potassium hydrogen sulphate (KHS) has been grown and subjected to characterization techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, hardness test, Z-scan and antimicrobial test. The single crystal X-ray diffraction study discloses the orthorhombic system of the KHS crystals. The SEM analysis shows the formation of tiny hillocks in the KHS crystal. Vickers microhardness test was utilized for testing the mechanical hardness of the grown KHS crystals. Moreover, the mechanical parameters such as elastic stiffness constant and yield strength were also determined. The nonlinear optical properties such as nonlinear susceptibility, nonlinear refractive index, and nonlinear absorption coefficient were estimated by Z scan analysis. In addition, antimicrobial activity was performed against certain pathogens for medication applications.
Computer modeling of charge-discharge processes in series-connected sections in storage batteries
Authors: Kogut I.T. , Demyanchuk T.M. , Prokopiv M.D.
Published: December 2023

A theoretical analysis of the initial charge and discharge processes in consecutive connected sections of the battery under the action of rectangular pulses was carried out, in particular, their influence on the uniformity of energy accumulation and return. The non-uniformity of energy accumulation and return between sections is shown. The equivalent electrical circuit of both single and serially connected battery sections is given. On the basis of equivalent electrical circuits, computer simulation of charge-discharge processes was carried out in the LT SPICE application program package.
Sepsis-Associated Metabolites and Their Biotransformation by Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Chernevskaya E. A. , Getsina M. L. , Cherpakov R. A. , Sorokina E. A. , Shabanov A. K. , Moroz V. V. , Beloborodova N. V.
Published: December 2023

High concentration of sepsis-associated aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM) stands as a prognostically unfavorable factor, indicating the progression of multiple organ dysfunction and an increased risk of death in patients with sepsis and septic shock. This study is based on a hypothesis that excess of sepsis-associated AMM in patients with sepsis is caused by metabolic alterations (dysfunction) in the intestinal microbiota.

The aim of this study was to compare the potential of normobiota and pathobiota to bio-transform sepsis-associated metabolites of aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine, such as phenyllactic acid(PhLA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPhLA).

Materials and methods. Samples of intestinal contents of patients with septic shock (N=10, pathobiota) and healthy volunteers (N=9, normobiota) were placed in test tubes with the omnipurpose thioglycol medium. The clinical model of excessive inflow of sepsis-associated AMM into the intestine (for example, from blood or sites of inflammation) was reproduced in the in vitro experiment by adding PhLA or 4-HPhLA in clinically significant concentrations (25 mkM) into each test tube with pathobiota and normobiota. After incubation in a thermostat (37°, 24 hours), AMМ concentrations were measured in the samples with pathobiota and normobiota using GC-MS analysis.

Results. Concentration of AMM decreased within 24 hours in the tubes with normobiota after PhLA or 4-HPhLA were added. In the tubes with pathobiota, no decrease in AMM concentrations was documented after loading with PhLA or 4-HPhLA. Concentrations of PhLA (P=0.002) and 4-HPhLA (P0.001) were statistically significantly higher in pathobiota samples compared to normobiota.

Conclusion. The in vitro experiment demonstrates that after excessive load with sepsis-associated metabolites (PhLA, 4-HPhLA), the microbiota of healthy people is capable to bio-transform such metabolites to the end products of microbial metabolism, while pathobiota of septic patients exhibits altered biotransformational potential. This data demonstrate that microbiota dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ENTEROBACTÉRIAS E RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EM MARITACAS (Psittacara leucophthalmus) DE VIDA LIVRE
Authors: BIAGIONI M. C. , SOLANE G. G. , CREPALDI N. H. F. , SILVA M. L. , CAIAFFA M. G. , DAS MERCEDES M. R. , OLIVEIRA M. V. M. , TEIXEIRA R. H. F.
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo avaliou a ocorrência de enterobactérias resistentes a antibióticos em maritacas (Psittacara leucophthalmus) de vida livre que habitam a região metropolitana de Sorocaba. Para isso, foram coletados swabs da cloaca de 30 maritacas, resgatadas e direcionadas ao Zoológico Municipal da cidade. Para a identificação das enterobactérias, foi realizada cultura bacteriana das amostras biológicas em meios seletivos e provas bioquímicas laboratoriais. Foi observado Escherichia coli em 16 aves (53%), Edwardisiella tarda em três (10%), Serratia liquefaciens em duas (6%), Citrobacter freundii em duas (6%), Enterobacter cloacae em uma (3%) e Serratia odorifera também em apenas uma ave (3%). Entre os antibióticos testados, o cloranfenicol foi o antibiótico que apresentou maior sensibilidade bacteriana e aztreonam, cefepime e ceftadizima não apresentaram eficácia para nenhuma das enterobactérias identificadas no estudo.
OBSTRUÇÃO URETERAL UNILATERAL POR NEOPLASIA MESENQUIMAL EM UM CANINO - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: SOUZA A. P. , MARTINS D. S. , OLIVEIRA G. P. , SILVA W. G. R. , LEITÃO F. P.
Published: December 2023

A obstrução ureteral por neoplasias é rara em cães e considerada um importante diagnóstico diferencial para obstruções ureterais nestes animais. No presente trabalho, o diagnóstico de uma obstrução ureteral unilateral por uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de baixo grau em um canino, foi realizado com base na análise ultrassonográfica abdominal e análise histopatológica da neoplasia. Foi realizado o atendimento de uma paciente canina raça Maltês, fêmea, não castrada, 12 anos de idade e peso corporal de 4,450 kg. A mesma apresentava secreção vulvar sanguinolenta. Ao exame físico não foram observadas outras alterações. A suspeita clínica inicial de acordo com o sinal clínico apresentado foi uteropatia. O exame de ultrassonografia evidenciou resultados sugestivos de uteropatia discreta. Ao analisar os demais órgãos da cavidade abdominal, foi evidenciado em topografia de rim direito hidronefrose acentuada com perda da arquitetura renal direita, dilatação acentuada do ureter direito e neoformação ureteral direita em terço distal, levando à obstrução e dilatação ureteral. O plano de tratamento empregado foi nefrectomia total de rim direito e histologia da neoformação em ureter direito. A neoformação ureteral foi encaminhada para análise histopatológica que foi sugestiva de neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de baixo grau. Infere-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce destes casos para possibilitar um tratamento adequado e consequentemente um melhor prognóstico. Desse modo, este trabalho visa contribuir para a literatura veterinária nacional que carece de estudos sobre o tema, que apesar de ser raro é relevante para a área.
FEOCROMOCITOMA FELINO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: SILVA H. C. P. , CAVALLI B. J. , APEL T. L. , ROCHA A. G. , GREGO J. C. , BARROS F. S. , RAVAZI M. V. , CRIPPA G. H.
Published: December 2023

O feocromocitoma é uma neoplasia oriunda do tecido cromafin presente na glândula adrenal, sendo rara em felinos apresentando poucos sinais clínicos e difícil diagnóstico. No presente relato foi abordado um felino apresentando a neoplasia, com sinal de emagrecimento progressivo sem causa aparente. No exame de ultrassonografia foi visualizado uma grande massa em topografia de adrenal esquerda. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento anestésico e cirúrgico de adrenalectomia esquerda sem intercorrências para fins diagnósticos e de tratamento. O fragmento foi enviado para exame histopatológico caracterizando a neoplasia maligna feocromocitoma. Após a cirurgia, animal fez acompanhamento ultrassonográfico durante 1 ano, não apresentando recidiva até o presente momento.
The system of cumulative marking in mathematics studies: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Griniuvienė Liucija , Naudžiūnienė Vanda
Published: December 2023

The analysis of the questionnaire data obtained in the Faculty of mathematics and informa­tics of Vilnius Pedagogical University is presented. The analysis covers a four-year period of the cumulative system application.
The support of one random element
Authors: Laurinčikas Antanas
Published: December 2023

There is not abstract.
Conceptualisation of servant leadership in the Samoan teacher education context
Authors: Esera Epenesa
Published: December 2023

This qualitative case study seeks to understand the conceptualisation and application of Greenleaf’s servant leadership attributes of participants at the Faculty of Education (FOE) of the National University of Samoa (NUS). At present, studies on servant leadership conducted in education systems and institutions demonstrate a positive relationship between servant leadership and school climate, principals’ school management, student achievement and interdependency. It is an indication of a growing interest in the concept and its practical application to the workplace. Previous research on servant leadership had been confined to the business arena.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SUMBER DAYA INSANI PERBANKAN SYARIAH INDONESIA BERBASIS KOMPETENSI
Authors: KUSUMADEWI RATNA , SALEH SAMSUBAR , MUHAMMAD RIFQI
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries that is quite consistent in developing the Islamic financial industry, and it can be seen from the development of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). However, one of the main problems currently faced by the Indonesian Islamic finance industry is the lack of human resources who have competency and qualifications according to the profile of Islamic banks. This paper aims to analyze the organizational structure of Islamic banking to map the need of human resource in accordance with their competencies. The analysis results of this paper are expected to contribute to the development of human resources in accordance with the needs of Islamic banks.
ISLAMIC ISSUES SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ISLAMIC BANKING
Authors: MUKHLIS MUKHLIS , MAWADDAHIRHAM MAWADDAHIRHAM , SUGIANTO SUGIANTO , JAUHARI FUADAH BINTI
Published: December 2023

Islamic banking principally inculcates ethics and social and moral responsibility in doing business related to its principle function and disclosure with the whole purpose for the benefit of society. In the Islamic context, improving sharia-based community institutions and the Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) will be seen. Disclosure of social responsibility is a way for companies to communicate with governments. In Islamic business, everyone is responsible before Allah for society. In the western concept, CSR is sometimes inseparable from the interests of gharar and social aspects. ISR has been disclosed on matters related to Islamic principles that are intermediary financial institutions, both individuals and institutions that are in one unit. And not allowed to exploit and harm others. Where Islamic banking must explain CSR funds using the ISR calculation system.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by explaining CSR with the ISR model for Islamic banks to determine by using the system Increasing transparency in business operations by presenting accurate and actual information related to finance and paying attention to the spiritual level needs of Muslim investors or sharia compliance in decision making. Decisions as a form of accountability to Allah SWT and the community by creating a dynamic environment and paying attention to the community in the work area and the environment so that a high sense of social concern establishes a society that has religious capacity for Allah SWT.
Identification of the influence of electrokinetic soil improvement on the microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of expansive soil
Authors: Darmiyanti Lydia , Munawir As’ad , Rachmansyah Arief , Zaika Yulvi , Andi Suryo Eko
Published: December 2023

Clay is a soil with low permeability. Clay is considered a problematic soil besides peat soil. The main problem with clay is its mineralogy. Expansive clay soils contain the minerals kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite has weak bonds between its layers. These weak bonds make the soil easily incorporated, one of which is water. Water approaching expansive soil will bond with it and cause swelling.
Expansive soil improvement studies have been conducted. One of them is electrokinetic. Expansive soil from Karawang, Indonesia is one of the soils with a high swelling index. This is because montmorillonite is inside. The Karawang expansive soil will be improved by flowing several salt solutions with various voltages. The applied voltage will flow the solution from the cathode to the anode and fill the clay minerals. Four voltage variants will be applied with the same electrokinetic application time.
The mineralogy of soil before and after electrokinetic improvement undergone changes. The changes can be seen from SEM and XRF testing. The improved soil changed its physical properties from clay with high plasticity to clay with low plasticity. Chemical elements from salt solution trap in montmorillonite then make positive changes in soil mineralogy, soil physical properties, and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties can be seen in a decrease in the C value and an increase in the soil angle of friction after electrokinetic improvement. After electrokinetic improvement using calcium chloride, the lowest soil cohesion value was 12.356 kg/cm2 at 12 V. After electrokinetic improvement with calcium dioxide, the lowest cohesion value at 12 V voltage is 19.22 kg/cm2. In barium sulfate solution, the lowest soil cohesion at 15 V is 12.16 kg/cm2. The soil swelling value decreased after improvement with calcium chloride to 0.008 % from 0.027 %. The research results in calcium chloride with 12 V give optimized results on soil improvement with electrokinetics
Proving the possibility to rationalize the process of seed materials separation with a vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator using a theoretical model
Authors: Bredykhin Vadym , Bogomolov Alexey , Kis-Korkishchenko Liliia , Pak Andrey , Pak Alina
Published: December 2023

The object of research is the seed material and working bodies of a vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator; the subject is their interaction. The established surfaces, which are the results of the simulation of the process of separation of seed materials in the vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator, have a curve to the plane whose parameters are the speed of the air flow and the frequency of oscillations of the working surface. It is noted that this nature of the dependence of the purity of the «heavy» fraction of seeds on parameters of the separation process makes it possible to determine the rational ranges of these parameters, at which the maximum value of this characteristic is reached. Experimental simulation of the separation process in the vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator of wheat, sunflower, and soybean seed materials under production conditions showed a high convergence of the results with the results of the simulation of the process under the same initial conditions. It was established that the correlation coefficients between the points obtained experimentally and obtained by simulation for the given results are in the range from 0.89 to 0.95. At the same time, the differences are the purity values of the «heavy» seed fraction, and not in the nature of its change due to changes in the parameters of the separation process. The expediency of using modeling when determining the rational values of the parameters of the separation process in the vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator is noted. This will help increase the energy and resource efficiency of the equipment due to the absence of the need for experimental setup. The rational ranges of air flow speed and vibration frequency of the rotor of the vibro-pneumatic centrifugal separator for the separation of seed materials have been determined: wheat – 1.2...1.5 m/s; 4500...5100 cycles per minute; sunflower – 1.3...1.5 m/s; 4500...5000 cycles per minute; soybeans – 1.3...1.6 m/s; 5000...5500 cycles per minute
Determination of the particularities of the hydraulic friction factor variation of collecting drainage pipelines
Authors: Kravchuk Andriy , Cherniuk Volodymyr , Kochetov Gennadii , Kravchuk Oleksandr , Airapetian Tamara
Published: December 2023

The object of the study in this paper is collecting perforated drainage pipelines, in particular, the determination of the hydraulic friction factor λdr, which significantly affects the parameters of the investigated pipes. Clarifying this issue will solve an important engineering problem – to develop a reliable method for hydraulic calculation of collecting perforated drainage pipes. As the main drawback of most of the available theoretical and experimental works on this topic is the insufficient consideration of the filtration characteristics of the surrounding soil and the material of the pipeline walls. Experimental studies of pressure drainage pipes with different design characteristics made it possible to find out the real picture of fluid flow in the pipe. Based on the research results, experimental dependences of λdr on the ratio of the fluid inflow velocity to the average flow velocity in the corresponding section (Uh/V), as well as on the design characteristics of the channel were obtained. The maximum possible flow that can be collected and passed by a collecting drainage pipeline with the specified design and filtration characteristics is determined. It is shown that a larger value of the specified ratio corresponds to larger values of λdr. This result can be explained by the effect of the attached flow on the main flow. Obviously, some energy is spent on the interaction of the attached and the main flow in the pipe, which leads to additional head losses. In the paper, dependencies were obtained for calculating the studied factor for collecting drainage pipelines. Using them in the calculation of drainage pipes will increase the reliability and efficiency of land reclamation systems, in which these pipelines are important structural elements
Formation of conjugate curved surfaces that exclude interference
Authors: Ismailova Nelli , Mohylianets Tatiana
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is the method of geometric design of conjugate curved surfaces. The subject of the study is the possibility of achieving the absence of interference of the designed surfaces of kinematic pairs of technical structures, for example, products in mechanical engineering (cutting tools, gearing), based on an invariant method. This problem is of significant importance for a wide class of products, but especially for gears from the point of view of the precision of manufacturing the tooth surface, load-bearing capacity, and, consequently, the reliability and durability of the transmission. When calculating the strength, each tooth of the gear can be considered as a cantilever beam, loaded at the free end by the force of interaction with the second gear wheel. In the presence of interference (for trimming gears), not only the shape of the tooth surface is disrupted, but also the cross-sectional area of the tooth base is significantly reduced. Therefore, solving such a problem is important when designing and manufacturing gears. That is why, when forming the initial curved tool surface of a cutting tool, the conjugacy condition between the points of the product and the tool is taken into account.
As a result, when designing a cutting tool using the proposed invariant method using a unified methodology, a wide class of complex curved surfaces can be formed. In particular, this applies to technological operations on numerically controlled machines. The generated conjugate curvilinear transformations of the cutting tool using an invariant method make it possible to avoid interference of mating surfaces at the design stage. At the same time, the curvilinear characteristics of surfaces are analyzed, defining a family of normals as common to two conjugate surfaces with linear contact, which is essential for the design process
The role of micromycetes of transboundary river waters in the decomposition of organic substances
Authors: Hasanova Gulnara , Babashli Aynur , Akhundova Nazilya , Gadimova Natavan
Published: December 2023

This article provides information on the identification of micromycetes found in samples taken from areas of transboundary rivers of Azerbaijan with different levels of anthropogenic impact, and the study of their role in the removal of pollutants. Certain micromycetes were used as indicators of water quality. As a result of the studies, micromycetes belonging to 38 species from 16 genera were identified.
Directly at the sampling site, water temperature, pH, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water were measured, and biogenic elements were determined in laboratory conditions. The presence of nutrients in the studied river waters showed variable results. Thus, in the Astarachay River, nitrites range from 0.01–0.02 mg/l, nitrates 0.56–0.70 mg/l, ammonium 0.5–1.50 mg/l, phosphates 0.00–0.01 mg/l. In the Bolgarchay River, these indicators for nitrite range from 0.02–0.05 mg/l, for nitrates 0.20–0.50 mg/l, for ammonium 0.10–0.44 mg/l, for phosphates 0.01–0.05 mg/l. In the Arazchay River, nitrites range from 0.01–0.83 mg/l, nitrates 0.08–7.40 mg/l, ammonium 0.05–3.57 mg/l, phosphates 0.05–0.94 mg/l, and in Okhchuchay these indicators for nitrite range from 0.09 to 0.71 mg/l. l, nitrates 0.68–6.00 mg/l, ammonium 0.23–6.45 mg/l, phosphates 0.09–0.65 mg/l.
The results obtained showed that the identified microscopic fungi are involved in the formation of rich flora as an adaptation in river waters. The biomass and number of micromycetes significantly depend on hydrochemical conditions: parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon fractions. It can be recommended to use mushrooms for biological control of surface water purity and sanitary safety. It should be noted that environmental factors also influence the diversity of micromycetes
Theoretical and methodological basis of studying the topic «word problems of practical content» in the school course of mathematics
Authors: Hryhorieva Kateryna , Turka Tetiana , Pashchenko Zoya
Published: December 2023

In modern schools, we often encounter the problem that students lose interest in learning. Tasks of practical content are designed to increase interest in school mathematics education.

The orientation of the research of problems of practical content involves the orientation of methods in the process of solving problems and the formation of strong skills of independent activity in schoolchildren and the education of persistent interest in the subject. Also, practical tasks help to highlight interdisciplinary connections, make you delve deeper into theoretical aspects, and form a complete picture. In the process of solving such problems, students develop cognitive, informational and social competence. Learning becomes useful and, at the same time, exciting and interesting for students.

Word problems in the school mathematics course play a very important role and are divided by functions, by the requirements of the task, by types. The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of problems of practical content and their solution.

The purpose of the work is the classification of text problems according to various parameters based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on this topic. Word problems of such types as movement problems, work problems, buying and selling problems, interest problems, mixtures and alloys are selected for consideration. The main results of the publication include recommendations for creating a mathematical model of the problem condition using tables, depending on its type.

Problems of various types are presented, which are solved by constructing a corresponding mathematical model of the problem condition. This approach to studying the topic "Word problems" is used in my own experience of teaching mathematics
Improvement of enterprise risk visualization: risk mapping
Authors: Abdelatif Aib , Nettour Djamel , Chaib Rachid , Verzea Ion , Bensehamdi Salim
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is the risks that disrupt the accomplishment of any enterprise's missions. Therefore, mastering these risks is a significant asset for organizations and the overall health of the enterprise. Thus, working comprehensively on organizational risk prevention enables the enterprise to formulate a strategy aimed at guarding against all risk factors. Simultaneously, it identifies areas where more targeted actions need to be undertaken, potentially leading to positive changes within the company. To achieve this and allow for a robust and reliable assessment for better governance of harmful elements in the enterprise, we have used the risk mapping method. It is a data visualization tool aimed at highlighting vulnerabilities in various processes and activities that an organization faces, even allowing for informed decisions to prevent and cope with risks. Risk mapping is defined as the approach of identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and managing risks inherent in an enterprise's activities. It even delves into a thorough investigation of all managerial, operational, and support processes that activities require implementing. This mapping technique is based on an objective, structured, and documented description of existing risks. The assessment allows for a more detailed analysis of initial and residual risks at all levels of the enterprise, thereby facilitating the development of a prioritized action plan accompanied by an analysis of its funding. This obligation is part of a continuous improvement approach to the quality of life and working conditions, even engaging in a sustainable management process. As a case study, we have chosen to focus on the SAIDAL Group of Constantine. Through this case study, we aim to illustrate the practical implications and benefits of using risk mapping as a strategic tool for risk management in a complex organizational context. Now, having a risk map not only promotes a proactive approach to risk mitigation but also contributes to broader goals of continuous improvement and sustainable risk management practices: a necessity for any enterprise.
Increasing sensitivity of the electrostatic field mill sensor by determining its optimal configuration
Authors: Povschenko Oleksandr , Pazdrii Olha
Published: December 2023

The object of research is the process of measuring the strength of the electrostatic field for a low dynamic range (from 0 to 1 kV/m). This study is aimed at increasing the sensitivity of the sensor of the electrostatic field mill (EF) by determining its optimal geometric configuration, which will reduce the error of measuring the electrostatic field strength.
To establish the actual value of the induced current, a computer model was built and simulation modeling of the EF sensor was carried out. On the basis of the constructed computer model, studies of the EF sensor were carried out to determine the numerical value of the induced current. As a result, it was established that the occurrence of edge effects leads to the appearance of methodological error, which occurs due to the fact that the average induced current is smaller compared to the calculated value. As a result of computer modeling of the EF sensor to determine the value of the optimal number of sectors, it was established that for the proposed design of the EF sensor, the optimal number of sectors is six. It was established that the optimal value of the distance between the sensitive plates and the shielded rotor should be in the range of 2.5–3 mm to ensure the maximum sensitivity of the EF sensor and its safe use.
The determined optimal parameters of the EF geometric configuration will allow to form the necessary requirements for the construction of improved electrostatic field strength meters in a low dynamic range (from 0 to 1 kV/m). A promising direction of application of such devices in production will be the development of an additional system for monitoring the strength of the electrostatic field, which will allow to prevent the occurrence of a dangerous situation.
Force effect of a circular rotating magnetic field of a cylindrical electric inductor on a ferromagnetic particle in process reactors
Authors: Polshchikov Henrikh , Zhukov Pavlo
Published: December 2023

The object of research is the force effect of a circular magnetic field of cylindrical inductors with alternating current windings on the actuator element of technological reactors – a ferromagnetic particle. Technologies using a rotating magnetic field and ferromagnetic particles (RMF and FP) are increasingly used in industry, in devices for fine and ultra-fine grinding, mixing and activation, in the construction and chemical industries, in energy-saving and environmental systems.
In previous studies, the authors proposed a method for calculating the force effect on ferromagnetic particles (FP) of an elliptical rotating magnetic field (RMF) of an external cylindrical inductor with a symmetrical alternating current winding. In this work, based on this technique, formulas for the force effect on the FP of the fundamental harmonic of RMF of cylindrical inductors with different numbers of pole pairs are derived and analyzed.
It is shown that for a hard magnetic and saturated magnetically soft (soft-magnetic) particle in a circular field of a cylindrical inductor with the number of pole pairs greater than one, the magnitude of the magnetic displacement force does not depend on the orientation of the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic particle, and the direction of action of this force is determined by the angle between the circular field induction vector and the magnetic moment of the particle. While maintaining the similarity of the inductors and the equality of the amplitude of the magnetic induction on the surface of the inductor bore, the magnetic displacement force does not retain the similarity, in particular, while maintaining the values of the magnetic moment of the particle, this force is inversely proportional to the radius of the bore of the cylindrical inductor.
Examples are given of the use of formulas for calculating the ratio of displacement forces to the weight of a particle and the calculation of forces for an unsaturated soft-magnetic particle, where, due to the dependence of the magnetic moment on the field strength, the calculation formulas are modified and take on a slightly different form than the formulas for a particle with a constant modulus magnetic moment.
The research results will be useful for engineers and researchers involved in the research, development, design and operation of reactors with RMF and FP technologies.
Analysis of the marketing impact on the market and the end user of vegetable production
Authors: Maistrenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The object of the research is the marketing impact on the market and end consumer of vegetable products. In the research process, a number of general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: system-structural analysis and synthesis as the main methodological tool, monographic and extrapolation.
The marketing influence on the market and the final consumer of vegetable growing products is disclosed. A marketing research of the vegetable market on the domestic and foreign markets was conducted, which is a necessary condition for the formation of an effective strategy and tactics for the development of marketing in this area. After all, the ratio of supply and demand in the vegetable market determines the movement of capital and the transfer of resources between industries and regions, affects the level and dynamics of prices and, therefore, is a key factor in the formation of producers' income. The development of new management methods and approaches convincingly demonstrates the need to implement marketing as one of the market tools capable of meeting the needs of the market and combining the interests of business entities. The development of new management methods and approaches convincingly demonstrates the need to implement marketing as one of the market tools capable of meeting the needs of the market and combining the interests of business entities. An important role is given to the factor of time and information. It has been proven that the quality and efficiency of the marketing system of the vegetable growing industry is ensured by the scientific methodical development, the objectivity of quantitative and qualitative assessments, the creation and implementation of a rational system of evaluation and management of this system, as well as the level of the marketing organization.
The practical significance lies in the methodological substantiation and conceptualization of the role of marketing influence on the market and consumer of vegetable production.
Effect of corn Zea mays L. cob moisture content on the performance of a corn-cob sheller machine
Authors: Ibiyeye Dare , Kayode Olaoye , Olunloyo Oluwatoyin , Jide Adedipe , Oluwatosin Adesida
Published: December 2023

The object of the research is machine shelling efficiency. This study focused on the assessment of a fabricated corn Sheller machine and resolution of optimal moisture content percentage dry basis (% MCdb) for shelling corn-cobs. Corn-cobs samples at 8, 13 and 18 % MCdb were sorted into 3.15, 2.15 and 1.15 kg feed-masses, respectively. Samples were selected in triplicates for shelling operations time 5, 6 and 7 seconds. Standard method was used to determine the effect of shelling operation on corn-cobs’ quality variables. Response Surface Method was employed to optimize data with machine feed-mass and moisture content as independent variables, whilst responses being: shelled, un-shelled, damaged, un-damaged corn grains, as well as grain breakage ratio, machine shelling efficiency and shelling process time. The data gotten from the results were utilized to evaluate the corn-cob shelling machine and were analyzed using ANOVA at 95 % confidence interval. Corn-cobs 8 % MCdb shelled at 5 seconds and machine feed mass of 3.15 kg had the highest shelling efficiency of 97.78 %, followed by 13 % MCdb, feed mass of 2.15 kg, machine shelling efficiency 92.06 %; shelled in 6 seconds, lastly, 18 % MCdb, feed mass of 1.15 kg, shelling efficiency was 87.82 % shelled in 6 seconds. The resultant recorded response masses; shelled, un-shelled, damaged corn grain (kg) and grain breakage ratio recorded were at lower values. At lower machine shelling time, feed mass and moisture content percentage (% MCdb) of the corn cobs, higher shelled grains off the corn-cobs were recorded with reduced damaged grains, indicating higher shelling efficiency of the fabricated corn-cob Sheller machine.
Justification of the need to modernize the existing central heating points in Ukraine
Authors: Nevlyudov Igor , Ivanov Leonid , Yanushkevich Dmytro , Hutsa Oleh , Opryshko Yuriy
Published: December 2023

The object of the research is central heating points (CTP) in Ukraine. The problem that is being solved in the work is the need to modernize and automate existing CTPs. The importance of the problem is the presence of a large number of CTPs in Ukraine, which require urgent modernization of morally outdated equipment and automation of management of their work modes, which must be carried out in stages without removing them from operational status.
The need for modernization and further automation of the existing CTPs in Ukraine is substantiated, which is that this will allow increasing the efficiency of the CTPs through the use of modern technical equipment, software and trained specialists in the automated management of the process of heat supply to consumers. And it will also allow to reduce the cost of heat supply tariffs due to the reduction of non-production costs and to reduce the number of service personnel who manage work modes in manual mode. During the martial law, the timely resolution of problems with high-quality heat supply of the population acquires special importance.
The result of the conducted research is a theoretical analysis of the quality work of CTPs in the EU countries, realization of their capabilities and prospects for further use in order to transfer their experience to Ukraine. A theoretical analysis of the number and modern technical equipment of CTPs in Ukraine at the present time was also conducted.
As a result of the research conducted on the existing CTPs in Ukraine, a survey of their technical condition was carried out, specific directions for the phased modernization and automation of their equipment were developed and proposed, and additional measures were taken regarding the thermal modernization of main pipelines and modern thermal insulation of buildings and structures.
The possibility of practical implementation – step-by-step modernization and automation of the CTP, increasing the technical and technological capabilities of the equipment and reducing the tariffs for heat and water supply for consumers.
Determining the sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil of different oil fields at Basrah governorate, Iraq
Authors: Resen Majdalena A. , Abdulhassan Hamza K. , Al-Saad Hamid T.
Published: December 2023

The object of the research is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For the purpose of determining the source and distribution of PAHs, soil samples from the 11 oil fields in the Basrah governorate (Seba, Safwan, Majnoon, Ratawi, Bergezia, Qurna1, Qurna2, Shuaaba, South and North Rumaila, and al Zubair) were taken at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. According to their molecular weight, they were separated into two main groupings. The first group of compounds consisted of six compounds: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. These light (low molecular weight) compounds have two to three fused aromatic rings. The first group includes nine chemicals: floranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b), benzo(k), benzo(a), benzo(a), indeno(1,2,3,c,d), and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. These heavy (high molecular weight) compounds included four or more fused aromatic rings. The PAHs compounds ranged in value from the lowest (0.16 ng/g dry weight of benzo(a)anthracene at station West Quarna1) to the highest (680 ng/g dry weight of benzo(g,h,i)perylene that emerged at station North Rumail). The total concentration of PAHs ranged from 77.67 ng/g in South Rumaila Field while highest concentration is 2284.27 ng/g in North Rumail. The PAHs compound has low and high molecular weight, their ratio of LMW/HMW (low molecular weight/high molecular weight) and phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene indicated that the source of PAHs was pyrogenic only. The PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PAHs in soils essentially originated from emissions and combustion. This study gave a baseline on the source and distribution of these compounds in oil fields at Basrah governorate and can be used as a baseline for coming study in the future.
HETEROGENEOUS SERVER RETRIAL QUEUEING MODEL WITH FEEDBACK AND WORKING VACATION USING ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Divya Kothandaraman , Indhira Kandaiyan
Published: December 2023

This research delves into the dynamics of a retrial queueing system featuring heterogeneous servers with intermittent availability, incorporating feedback and working vacation mechanisms. Employing a matrix geometric approach, this study establishes the steady-state probability distribution for the queue size in this complex heterogeneous service model. Additionally, a range of system performance metrics is developed, alongside the formulation of a cost function to evaluate decision variable optimization within the service system. The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm is harnessed to determine service rates that minimize the overall cost. This work includes numerical examples and sensitivity analyses to validate the model's effectiveness. Also, a comparison between the numerical findings and the neuro-fuzzy results has been examined by the adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS).
KERNEL DETERMINATION PROBLEM FOR ONE PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH MEMORY
Authors: Durdiev Durdimurod K. , Nuriddinov Javlon Z.
Published: December 2023

This paper studies the inverse problem of determining a multidimensional kernel function of an integral term which depends on the time variable \(t\) and \((n-1)\)-dimensional space variable \(x'= \left(x_1,\ldots, x_ {n-1}\right)\) in the \(n\)-dimensional diffusion equation with a time-variable coefficient at the Laplacian of a direct problem solution. Given a known kernel function, a Cauchy problem is investigated as a direct problem. The integral term in the equation has convolution form: the kernel function is multiplied by a solution of the direct problem's elliptic operator. As an overdetermination condition, the result of the direct question on the hyperplane \(x_n = 0\) is used. An inverse question is replaced by an auxiliary one, which is more suitable for further investigation. After that, the last problem is reduced to an equivalent system of Volterra-type integral equations of the second order with respect to unknown functions. Applying the fixed point theorem to this system in Hölder spaces, we prove the main result of the paper, which is a local existence and uniqueness theorem.
A NEW CHARACTERIZATION OF SYMMETRIC DUNKL AND \(q\)-DUNKL-CLASSICAL ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS
Authors: Habbachi Yahia
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider the following \(\mathcal{L}\)-difference equation$$\Phi(x) \mathcal{L}P_{n+1}(x)=(\xi_nx+\vartheta_n)P_{n+1}(x)+\lambda_nP_{n}(x),\quad n\geq0,$$where \(\Phi\) is a monic polynomial (even), \(\deg\Phi\leq2\), \(\xi_n,\,\vartheta_n,\,\lambda_n,\,n\geq0\), are complex numbers and \(\mathcal{L}\) is either the Dunkl operator \(T_\mu\) or the the \(q\)-Dunkl operator \(T_{(\theta,q)}\). We show that if \(\mathcal{L}=T_\mu\), then the only symmetric orthogonal polynomials satisfying the previous equation are, up a dilation, the generalized Hermite polynomials and the generalized Gegenbauer polynomials and if \(\mathcal{L}=T_{(\theta,q)}\), then the \(q^2\)-analogue of generalized Hermite and the \(q^2\)-analogue of generalized Gegenbauer polynomials are, up a dilation, the only orthogonal polynomials sequences satisfying the \(\mathcal{L}\)-difference equation.
ELECTROTHERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION IN NANOFLUID SATURATING POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: Sharma Pushap Lata , Kapalta Mohini
Published: December 2023

In this work, the effects of the electrophoresis, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and rheological parameters were
investigated to study the onset of thermal convection in an electrically conducting rheological nanofluid that included
an external vertical alternating current (AC) electric field saturated by a homogeneous porous medium for bottom
heavy distribution of nanoparticles. The exact solutions to the eigenvalue problem for free-free, rigid-free, and rigid-rigid boundary surfaces were obtained analytically using the one-term Galerkin method. The thermal Rayleigh number was obtained for the onset of stationary convection in the bottom-heavy distribution of the nanoparticles. For this problem, oscillatory convection was ruled out. The effects of the modified diffusivity ratio, AC electric Rayleigh number, nanofluid Lewis number, solutal Rayleigh number, porosity, and nanoparticle Rayleigh number were examined
analytically and graphically for stationary convection.