bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hæmangiopericytoma of the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Harrison Henley C. , Bulteau Volney
Published: January 2008

Hæmangiopericytoma, first described by Stout and Murray in 1942, is a rare vascular tumour, related to the glomus tumour, in which the proliferating cell is the pericyte of Zimmerman, situated in the capillary wall outside the reliculin sheath. This position distinguishes the pericyte from endothelial cells in the capillary wall. Hæmangiopericytoma lacks the organoid formation of the glomus tumour. In accordance with its tissue of origin, the tumour may occur in widespread parts of the body. However, it is most commonly found in the musculo‐skeletal system and skin. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported in the nasal cavity, and the following case is reported because of its rarity in this site.
The Use of Bipedicled Flaps in the Management of Pretibial Skin Defects
Authors: El‐Falaky M. H.
Published: January 2008

Chronic ulceration or recurrent ulceration of scar tissue in the pretibial area can be a major problem. The operation to be described affords a safe and satisfactory method of covering the raw area left after excision of pathological tissue in this region by bipedicled full‐thickness grafts brought forward from the medial and lateral aspects of the leg. The resultant defect over the calf is covered by bringing across a free skin graft from the opposite thigh.
Advanced Strangulating Gut Obstruction Complicated by Pulmonary Insufficiency and Consumptive Coagulopathy: Report of a Case
Authors: Morton A. , Davies W.
Published: January 2008

A case of strangulating gut obstruction with shock complicated by pulmonary insufficiency and consumptive coagulopathy is presented. Such patients require careful support of cardiopulmonary function if they are to survive.
The Use of Surgery and Local Temperature Elevation in Mycobacterium Ulcerans Infection
Authors: Glynn P. J.
Published: January 2008

Six cases of Mycobacterium infection are described. A critical evaluation of the various methods of treatment used is presented. The conclusions are that drugs have no place in the primary treatment of the condition, and that wide surgical excision and partial, thickness skin grafting followed by the application of heat by means of a specially constructed heat cradle are the best form of treatment. Problems associated with surgical management are discussed.
The Bairnsdale Ulcer
Authors: Alsop D. G.
Published: January 2008

A record is given of the first known cases of Bairnsdale ulcer and its early recognition as a clinical entity. The treatment evolved by excision and skin grafting before the final identification of the causative organism is also described.
Non‐functioning Palliative Gastro‐enterostomy
Authors: Hart Peter F. , Gillett David J.
Published: January 2008

The cases of three patients are reported in whom palliative gastro‐enterostomy failed to provide adequate drainage, although no mechanical obstruction was found on reoperation. It appeared that local propulsive failure was responsible. Details of a technique to reduce stasis at the anastomotic site are suggested, and the use of sympathetic blocking drugs is proposed in the treatment of the established case.
Congenital Posterolateral Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Brown J. H. , Davey R. B.
Published: January 2008

This is a review of cases of congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia encountered at the Adelaide Children's Hospital in the period 1950 to 1969, which stresses particularly the causes of the high mortality in this condition in those cases presenting within 24 hours of birth.
Obturator Hernia
Authors: Ang Hong Beng
Published: January 2008

A report is presented of four cases of obturator hernia treated in Singapore from 1959 to 1969. The literature is reviewed. Important aspects of the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of obturator hernia are stressed, and an important physical sign is observed and described.
The Maxillary Periosteal Flap in Primary Palate Surgery1
Authors: O'Brien B. McC.
Published: January 2008

Clefts of the primary palate have been closed in infants by the utilization of a large anterolateral maxillary periosteal flap to form a periosteum‐lined cavity with the inferior aspect of the nasal floor. The results in 12 cases with Wide unilateral and bilateral clefts revealed deposition of bone in the primary cleft within six months, and this increased with time. Good alignment of the alveolar arch was achieved in all cases. Further bone deposition followed subperiosteal implantation of “Surgicel” at the age of one year in four cases, with lessening also of the ala base asymmetry. No interference with maxillary growth has been observed. The full assessment of this type of primary palate closure requires some years of observation, but the present results are promising.
Liver Function after Cooling with Two Types of Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Ham J. M. , Rose M. , Kern I.
Published: January 2008

Pig livers were cooled in situ by portal vein infusion with cold electrolyte solutions, and then excised and perfused in an isolated circuit with diluted autologous blood. Bile flow and bromsulphthalein excretion in bile were then measured over a 90‐minute period. In one group of experiments the livers were coaled with Hartmann's/dextrose solution, and in the second group the solution was “Tis‐u‐sol” buffered with tromethamine (“Tham”). The livers cooled with “Tis‐u‐sol” had significantly greater bile flows, and excreted significantly more bromsulphthalein, than those cooled with Hartmann's/dextrose.
Intussusception in a Children's Hospital: A Review of 203 Cases in Seven Years1
Authors: Auldist A. W.
Published: January 2008

Two hundred and three consecutive patients with intussusception presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, have been reviewed, and the clinical features of the disease as well as the methods and results of treatment are described. An attempt has been made to correlate the clinical findings with the use, success and safety of barium enema reduction.
“Repeat” High Ligation
Authors: Halliday P.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes a method for the safe and expeditious exposure of the saphenofemoral junction when recurrent varicose veins in the groin are due to a previous incomplete “high ligation”.
Intra‐Arterial Infusion of the Chemotherapeutic Agents Methotrexate and “Epodyl” in Patients with Advanced Localized Carcinomata Recurrent after Radiotherapy
Authors: Stephens Frederick O.
Published: January 2008

Amongst the significant developments in the use of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of advanced malignant disease during the past decade has been direct intra‐arterial infusion of drugs to the diseased area. Occasional cases of dramatic improvement have been reported, but most of these have been seen in tumours not previously irradiated. Yet most patients referred for such treatment have disease which has recurred after other forms of therapy, including radiotherapy, have been exhausted. This paper describes experience in the use of intra‐arterial infusion of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents in two groups of patients with advanced tumours recurrent after previous radiotherapy. First is recorded experience with methotrexate infusion, followed by experience with a newer, rapidly acting alkalating agent, “Epodyl”.
Carcinoma of the Pancreatic Head with Unusual Presentation: Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Crawford Arthur P.
Published: January 2008

Au unusual and perhaps unique case of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is reported, which presented with true obstruction of the second part of the duodenum and did not in any way involve the major biliary or pancreatic ducts. It was treated by partial gastrectomy, duodenectomy and total pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Various aspects of the prognosis are discussed and correlated with series of pancreatic Carcinomata from the literature.
A Different Cord Lateralization Procedure
Authors: Scrivener B. P. , Fagan P. A.
Published: January 2008

A different method of lateralizing the vocal cords after bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis is described. The cricoid cartilage is split posteriorly, after which a cartilage graft is inserted and held in place with wire sutures.
The Current Status of Block Dissection of the Neck in the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Fleming W. Brian
Published: January 2008

Experience at the Peter MacCallum Clinic appears to support the case against prophylactic dissection of at the neck in patients with oral cavity cancer. It is concluded that its performance is unjustified except as part of an in‐continuity resection of neck nodes together with the primary tumour.
The Feeding Cervical Oesophagostomy in the Management of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hartwell Shattuck W. , Cole Owen R.
Published: January 2008

The use of a feeding cervical Osophagostomy in 51 patients with cancer of the head and neck has been without complication. The procedure is easy to perform and preferable to transabdominal gastrostomy and nasogastric intubation for long‐term gavage feeding.
Complete Severance of the Common Bile Duct Due to Blunt Trauma
Authors: Parkinson S. W.
Published: January 2008

A case of complete severance of the common bile duct due to blunt trauma has been reported. It was repaired by anterior choledochoduodenostomy, and the suitability of this type of repair is discussed.
The Use of Radioactive Phosphorus in High Fractures of the Femoral Neck
Authors: Mcneur J. Clarke
Published: January 2008

The use of radioactive phosphorus (“P) in determining the vascularity of the femoral head and therefore treatment for high fractures of the femoral neck is reported in 89 cases. The techkpe is described and results analysed. Autoradiograms of the femoral head are used to check the initial assessment of vascularity.
An Australian Case of Maduromycosis
Authors: Leech P. J. , Bedbrook G. M.
Published: January 2008

Maduroinycosis is a chronic fungal infection, rare in temperate climates, characterized by progressive erosion of healthy tissue and frequently requiring amputation of the affected limb. A case is presented in detail in which rapid clinical remission was obtained by using the drug nystatin locally and systematically in large doses. Certain aspects of the case are briefly discussed. Finally amputation was needed.
The Place of Liver Scanning in Hepatic Surgery
Authors: Connolly R. J. , Mitchell R. M.
Published: January 2008

Recent advances in the technique of hepatic scanning with the use of radionuclides have made it useful to the surgeon in anatomical and pathological diagnosis. The ability to assess the progress of lesions within the liver or adjacent to it following injury or infection adds further to its value. This paper describes sonic recent experiences derived in the course of the use of such methods.
The Place of Fundoplication in the Treatment of Hiatal Hernia1
Authors: Morgan A. G.
Published: January 2008

Experiences with Nissen's operation of fundoplication by the abdominal route in the treatment of sliding hiatal hernia with reflux are described.

Cadaver studies were carried out, and showed that the fundal cuff encircling the lower arsophagus has a positive valve action preventing reflux.

Twenty‐eight fundo plications were performed, and 23 of these were followed for periods ranging from six months to three years. These patients are compared with another group of 25 patients treated by other operations. Fundoplication provided complete control of reflux clinically and radiologically in over 95% of cases, and the results were superior to those of the other operations.

The sequela of fundoplication were more acceptable to patients than those of vagotomy and pyloroplasty. It proved an effective and safe addition to the repair of the hiatus, and its use is advocated selectively for patients with severe reflux œsophagitis.

Some modifications of the technique of operation are suggested.
The Accuracy of Fibreoptic Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Thomas E. , Hislop I. G. , Grant A. Kerr
Published: January 2008

Tke results of a study of the value of fibreoptic endoscopy in the assessment of 76 patients with malignant infiltration of the stomach are presented. The Olympus gastroscope (model GTF‐A), the LoPresti axophagoscope and the Olympus œsophagoscope (model EF) were used. Of 76 patients with a radiological diagnosis of gastric cancer, 61 were submitted to endoscopy. Endoscopy was contraindicated in 15 patients for a variety of reasons. In 61 patients it was attempted, but in five the procedure failed. Of the 56 patients who had successful endoscopy, a dingnostic accuracy of gastric cancer was achieved in 87°5%. Fibreoptic œsophagoscopes are superior to fibreoptic gastroscopes in the diagnosis of cancer of the upper regions of the stomach. Errors in endoscopic interpretation occurred with ulcerating cancers of the lesser curve area of the stomach, and with cancer of the distal antrum.
Preparation of the Porcine Liver for Allotransplantation
Authors: Halliday P. , Sheil A. G. R. , Bookllil M. J. , Gaudry P. L.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes in detail the surgical anatomy of the porcine liver in relation to hepatectomy for allotransplantution. The aim of the procedure is to provide a donor liver in optimal condition for implantation. The importance of a preferred sequence of dissection, and of ligation of the efferent lymphatics from the liver to prevent ascites, is stressed.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions: An Experimental Study
Authors: Storey Brian G. , Lawrenson Kevin B. , Chant Susan , Stephens Frederick O.
Published: January 2008

The incidence of fibrinous intestinal adhesions following laparotomy in rats was increased by removing the intestines from the peritoneal cavity. This incidence was not significantly influenced by placing the intestines either in sterile plastic bags or in gauze swabs soaked in normal saline. The incidence of plastic adhesions in laparotomy wounds closed without suturing the peritoneal layer was less than when this was sutured. The use of non‐absorbable silk sutures when compared with that of absorbable catgut made no difference to this incidence, nor did the use of interrupted sutures as opposed to continuous.

It is postulated that the presence of sutures in the peritoneal layer would cause a prolonged defect in serosal cell cover which could result in a reduction of fibrinolysin activity of serosa cells at that site. The suture material would also offer a site of protection of an immature fibrinous adhesion from adjacent serosa cell fibrinolytic activity. Such conditions would facilitate organization of an otherwise temporary and reabsorbable immature adhesion into a permanent mature fibrous structure, as has been observed in long‐term studies following the use of non‐absorbable suture material or talcum powder in the peritoneal cavity.
Respiratory Failure Complicating General Surgery
Authors: Morton Anthony
Published: January 2008

The most common complications following surgery in the average general hospital are probably respiratory. These range from a minor plate of atelectasis to severe cardiorespiratory insufficiency, and they may increase the cost of treatment, lengthen convalescence and occasionally cause severe ill‐health or even death. In an era of the performance of increaszngly bold surgery on elderly patients and of increasing violence, particularly on the roads, the treatment of respiratory complications is becoming more and more a problem for the surgical team. The various problems encountered are discussed in this paper.
The Results of Surgical Treatment for Peptic Ulceration, 1960 ‐ 1964
Authors: GILLETT DAVID J. , DUNN ROSS M. , PHEILS MURRAY T.
Published: January 2008

The results of 530 consecutive operations for peptic ulceration have been assessed and classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. The disabilities which determined the result have been analysed, and their incidences after gastrectomy and after vagotomy and drainage compared.
Another One‐Stage Hypospadias Operation
Authors: YAXLEY K. P.
Published: January 2008

Since some success had been achieved with a one‐stage tubed pedicled graft urethroplasty, this principle was applied in a case of peno‐coronat hypospadias. The operation was performed in one stage, and illustrations are presented showing the technique of operation. The results suggest that the procedure may have some application in the management of hypospadias.
Filtration Efficiency of Surgical Masks: A New Method of Evaluation
Authors: RUBBO SYDNEY D. , ABBOTT LYNDAL R.
Published: January 2008

An apparatus has been constructed for the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of surgical masks. The apparatus is described, and the results of the investigation of various surgical mask materials are given.
Bilateral Posterior Dislocation of the Shoulders
Authors: HONNER RICHARD
Published: January 2008

A case of bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder is reported in a man suffering from terminal renal failure. An analysis of the previously reported cases reveals characteristic clinical and radiological features, yet the lesion is frequently misdiagnosed. Early diagnosis is important because within the first week closed reduction is usually possible, resulting in good function. After the first week, open reduction is required and the late functional result is only fair, yet much better than in the untreated cases.
Contact Spread of Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: FAGAN P. A.
Published: January 2008

The case history of a patient with basal cell carcinomas on the thumb and the ear is presented. The patient had burnt the thumb 17 months prior to presentation and the burn had never fully healed. He volunteered that he habitually slept on his side with the thumb in contact with the ear. The histological features of the two lesions were identical. Similar reported cases and the experimental data on basal cell tumour implantation are reviewed in an attempt to prove that this case is one of implantation metastasis. Some of the evidence is strongly in favour of this possibility, but the verdict must be one of “not proven”.

A case of simultaneously occurring basal cell carcinomas with identical histology is presented. In the light of published clinical cases and experimental data, an attempt has been made to prove that one lesion was an implantation metastasis of the other. The available evidence allows only the Scottish verdict of “not proven” to be made.

The points for and against a diagnosis of implantation metastasis are listed.

Points in favour are the long history of contact, the rarity of basal cell carcinoma of the thumb, the histological features of the tumours, the unusual time interval if the tumour was a “burn cancer”, and the suitable “culture medium” for metastasis following the burn.

Points against such a diagnosis are the occurrence of many histologically similar basal cell carcinomas in a series of ten cases, the possibility that the tumour was a burn cancer, the experimental difficulty in transplanting basal cell carcinomas, and the experimental evidence that stroma is required to transplant basal cell carcinomas successfully.
Myocarditis and Phæochromocytomata
Authors: JEPSON R. P. , SLAVOTINEK A. H. , GILLIGAN J. E.
Published: January 2008

Two case histories are presented in each of which an unexpected postoperative death was associated with a previously unsuspected phaochromocytoma, and post‐mortem examination disclosed the presence of myocarditis. It is suggested that the myocarditis and the gross cardiac arrhythmias leading to the death of the patients may be connected. It is urged that this diagnosis should be kept in mind when unexpected arrhythmias develop in relationship to operation, and that the alpha and beta adrenergic blockers may have a therapeutic value in these circumstances.
Benign Tumours of the Common Bile Duct: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: HOSSACK K. F. , HERRON J. J.
Published: January 2008

In this paper the case report of a patient with a benign tumour of the common bile duct is presented, and a review of the literature relating to the subject is made. Reference is also made to the value of percutaneous cholangiograms in the diagnosis and management of cases of obstructive jaundice of obscure origin.

A report of a benign papillary cystadenoma of the common bile duct is presented. The literature on this subject is reviewed, and 76 cases were found. The different histological types are listed. Although there are no cardinal diagnostic features in the clinical picture, it should be remembered that benign tumours are a rare cause of jaundice. This condition is surgically correctable and has a good prognosis. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is discussed in relation to this case.
Involuntary Sphincter Tone in the Maintenance of Continence
Authors: HARDY K. J.
Published: January 2008

The internal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle, it has a basic resting tone, and this tone is the basic physiological property of continuous activity of smooth muscle. The maximum anal pressure occurs between one and three centimetres from the anal verge. This anal canal pressure falls with rectal distension and following operations involving the internal sphincter.
Spontaneous Intramural Hæmatoma in the Sigmoid Colon of a Hæmophiliac
Authors: HARRISON H. C. , LORD R. S. A. , CHESTERMAN C. N. , BIGGS J. C. , TRACY G. D.
Published: January 2008

This paper describes a case of intramural hamatoma of the colon occurring spontancously in a patient with hæmophilia so mild that the diagnosis was unsuspected before operation. Successful resection was achieved with a minimun of blood loss. During subsequent surgery, it was necessary to control bleeding with repeated infusions of cryoprecipitate.
Emergency Hemicolectomy for Perforation of the Colon in Association with Carcinoma
Authors: BOSE S. M. , SACHDEVA HIMMAT SINGH
Published: January 2008

Two cases of carcinoma of the colon with perforation resulting in general peritonitis are presented. Hemicolectomy with end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed in each with good results, despite the presence of frank peritonitis. The literature on the subjects is reviewed, with emphasis on the value of primary resection with anastomosis as compared with multiple staged procedures.
The Use of Colon for Œsophageal Replacement in Children
Authors: MARTIN LESTER W.
Published: January 2008

This article reviews the author's experience in replacing the œsophagus with a portion of colon in 31 children over a period of 14 years. When carried out for atresia or stricture, the procedure has in general been satisfactory, and modification of the technique over recent years has eliminated the majority of the complications that previously occurred. There were two deaths, one related to the operation and the other not. Experience suggests that the procedure is not satisfactory in the treatment of œsophageal varices.

A review of our experience with œsophageal replacement employing a portion of the colon is presented. In 21 patients, there was one unrelated death and one death directly related to the operation.

The majority of the complications have been related to the upper anastomosis in the neck. They have not developed in recent cases, where distension of the colon segment has been prevented by a tangential tubeless cervical caecostomy which in each instance has subsequently closed spontaneously.

The use of a colon segment to replace the resophagus because of atresia or stricture has been most satisfactory and has been relatively free from long‐term complications.

Failure to gain weight in three patients was found to be related to stricture at the neck anastomosis, which was not evident in a barium œsophagram. The diagnoses were made by œsophagoscopy, and the strictures were corrected surgically.

Our limited experience, but with long‐term follow‐up, indicates that colon replacement of the œsophagus is an unsatisfactory method for the treatment of œsophageal varices.
Choledochal Cyst and Dilatation of the Bile Ducts in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: SOMASUNDARAM K.
Published: January 2008

Choledochal cyst, though not common, has become recognized as a distinct clinical entity. Almost half of them are diagnosed before the patient reaches the age of ten years. This paper reports four instances of choledochal cyst occurring in childhood which were encountered by the author during the past two years. A fifth instance of intermittent neonatal jaundice due to a different cause is also reported in order to illustrate the problems of diagnosis and management.
Burns and the Use of Silver Sulphadiazine1
Authors: MCDOUGALL I. A.
Published: January 2008

The use of silver sulphadiazine in the topical treatment of the burn wound in 169 patients has proved effective in decreasing the mortality and the eradication of infection, especially of Pseudomonas pyocyanea, from the burn wound. It also proves to be a relatively cheap method of treating the burn wound.
Extrarenal Calyces with Complications: A Case Report
Authors: RAO D. V. N. , SHARMA S. K. , RAO M. S. , BAPNA B. C.
Published: January 2008

A case of extrarenal calyces associated with renal ectopia, calculus hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis is presented. A marked degree of nephroptosis was also present, constituting an additional and unusual feature.
Retromammary Tumours of the Pectoralis Major Muscle
Authors: Leggett C. A. C.
Published: January 2008

Attention is drawn to the occurrence of a variety of tumours in the pectoralis major muscle or its deep fascial sheath. When these tumours lie deep to the female breast, difficulties in diagnosis and management occur. Their incidence in a large personal series is given, and the incidence in the case histories of the Soft Tissue Registry is also quoted. Details of the management of four patients are described.
Delayed Ulnar Nerve Palsy in Colles' Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Kochhar V. L. , Singh J. Man , Srivastava K. K.
Published: January 2008

Ulnar nerve involvement in Colles fracture is almost unknown. A case of Colles' fracture with delayed ulnar nerve palsy is described with a view to highlighting this lesion, which can be of interest both clinically as well as medico‐legally, when the question of compensation in such cases is under consideration.

1. A case of Colles' fracture is described with delayed ulnar nerve involvement.

2. The ulnar nerve was found on exploration to be strangulated by a fibrous band at the wrist.

3. Neurolysis of the ulnar nerve at the wrist had produced no improvement when the patient was seen four months after the operation.

4. This entity is of interest from the clinical viewpoint as well as from the medico‐legal viewpoint, if it is realized when compensatior is awarded that ulnar nerve involvement is possible following a Colles' fracture.
Carcinoma Associated with Renal Tuberculosis: A Report of Two Cases, with a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Mehrotra M. L. , Gupta I. M. , Khanna N. N. , Gupta Saroj
Published: January 2008

Two cases of carcinoma and renal tuberculosis occurring in the same kidney, a rare association, are reported. The tuberculous process was apparently overshadowed by the more obvious coexistent tumour, and detected as an incidental finding. A possible explanation for the extremely rare association of carcinoma and renal tuberculosis is discussed.
Intramedullary Spinal Tumours: A Report of Three Cases, with Special Reference to Early Symptoms
Authors: Corkill Guy
Published: January 2008

Three cases of intramedullary spinal neoplasm are reported, and stress is laid on the relatively long prediagnostic course. Diagnosis was made in each case by myelography, but was suggested by symptoms of long standing. The good results of surgical treatment supported the author in his recommendation of earlier myelographic investigation in suspected cases.
Liver Scanning for the Detection of Metastases Following Colo‐rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Andrews J. T. , Cox K. R. , Hare W. S. C. , McConchif I. H.
Published: January 2008

Liver scanning is recommended prior to colo‐rectal cancer surgery. The extent of metastases may influence the proposed operation. Laparotomy provides an opportunity to clarify doubtful areas in the initial scan which then acts as a valuable base‐line for detecting postoperative metastases. A programme is outlined prior to partial hepatectomy for patients who develop an apparent metastasis which seems to be solitary.
The Incidence of Surgical Wound Infection: A Prospective Study of 20,822 Operations
Authors: Davis Neville C. , Cohen Jon , Rao A.
Published: January 2008

An analysis of surgical wound infections according to type of operation and bacteria involved, based on a prospective study of 20,822 operations folluwed at the t'rincess Alexandra Hospital from 1963 to 1971, is reported. 1 he overall infection rate for clean general surgery (Class “A” operations) was 4·5%; for potentially infected surgery (Class “B” operations) 9·5%; and for clean orthopcedtc surgery 3%. 1he infection rates variea from month to month and year to year without any consistent pattern. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest infecting organism in Class “A” operations and coliform bacilli in Class “B”. Care must be taken before assuming that a drop in the incidence of wound infection is due to the introduction of any particular measure, such as a change in technique or the administration of an antibiotic.
The Effect of Surgery and Posture on the Pattern and Rate of Gastric Emptying
Authors: Hulme‐Moir I. , Donnan S. P. B. , McAlister J. , McColl I.
Published: January 2008

A method is described for measuring gastric emptying in the erect and supine positions using a scintiscanner and a radioactive meal. The pattern of emptying after surgery is irregular. Emptying rates up to ten times the normal were recorded after fluid meals with the patient in the erect posture following the various types of operation studied. The mean rale of emptying after Billroth II and vagotomy and pyloroplasty operations exceeded that following Billroth I operations. After the last‐mentioned procedures it did not significantly differ from normal. Whenever rapid emptying of fluids occurred, it was dependent on posture and was markedly slowed if the patient was in the supine position. After solid meals, gastric emptying in the erect position was more rapid than in the supine in the unoperated stomach and also after vagotomy and drainage. However, there was no augmentation of the postural effect by surgery.
Fracture of the Skull associated with an Arteriovenous Fistula and Behavioural Disturbances
Authors: Bond Robert James , Corkill Guy
Published: January 2008

A post‐traumatic arterio‐venous fistula related to biphasic behavioural disturbance and resolving after surgical closure of the fistula is reported. It is suggested that two types of circulatory disturbance were related to two different types of mental behaviour. Initially a cerebral steal was associated with frontal lobe irritative phenomena. When this was compensated for by cross flow, normal mental behaviour returned. Owing to the persistence of the fistula, however, progressive intracranial venous hypertension developed, and progressive apathy and depression occurred. Closure of the fistula restored a normal mental state
The Coexistence of Duodenal Ulcer and Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Hardy K. J. , Geossberg P.
Published: January 2008

Four patients with coexisting gastric carcinoma and duodenal ulcer are reported. Each was seen by the same surgeon within a four‐month period. In two instances the duodenal ulcer was known to have been present for more than 12 years, while in two the history was short and one of weight loss, vague pain and hcematemesis. Each patient was in blood group A. A resection was performed in three and a bypass in one, and two of the four died of carcinoma within three months. There is difficulty in diagnosing gastric carcinoma in patients with duodenal ulcer, and early endoscopy and exfoliative cytological examination are urged for duodenal ulcer patients who are in blood group A, are elderly and have an atypical history
Primary Malignant Lymphoma of the Duodenum presenting with Melæna and Hæmatemesis: A Brief Report
Authors: Gupta I. M. , Gupta Saroj , Udupa K. N. , Rastogi B. L. , Char Gueendra
Published: January 2008

A patient was admitted to hospital in a state of collapse with a history of uncontrolled melcena and hcematemesis for three days. Autopsy revealed primary diffuse malignant lymphoma of the duodenum as its cause. The condition is considered worthy of record on account of its extreme rarity
Complete Œsophageal Obstruction due to Monilia Infection
Authors: Campero A. A. , Campbell G. D.
Published: January 2008

It is the purpose of this paper to present a case in which a patient with no obvious systemic disease and not receiving any antibiotic or corticosteroid therapy developed oesophageal candidiasis. This led to complete obstruction to the passage of solids and fluids, needing direct removal of the obstruction. We should like to emphasize the signs of this condition through X‐ray investigations of the oesophagus, which have been already described
Wilson's Osteotomy of the First Metatarsal for Hallux Valgus in the Adolescent and the Young Adult
Authors: Dooley B. J. , Berryman D. B.
Published: January 2008

A historical account of the various types of osteotomy of the first metatarsal neck for hallux valgus in the adolescent and young adult is given. Wilson's oblique osteotomy has the advantages of simplicity, stability of displacement of the metatarsal head without need for internal fixation, broad osteotomy surfaces which reduce the risks of non‐union, and a large metatarsal head fragment, minimizing the chances of avascular necrosis. The indications for, and the results of, 51 operations of the Wilson type performed on 34 patients arc described
Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Rupture of Pyonephrosis
Authors: Minocha V. R. , Mehrotra M. L. , Khanna N. N.
Published: January 2008

A case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a kidney, a rare complication of pyonephrosis, is described. It was mistaken for a burst amoebic liver abscess causing general peritonitis
Experimental Transfer of Composite Free Flaps with Microvascular Anastomoses
Authors: O'Brien B. McC. , Siianmugan N.
Published: January 2008

The transfer of composite island flaps with microvascular anastomoses in rabbits from one iliac fossa to the other is described. Twenty‐seven out of 20 flaps had total survival, with mild necrosis in the remaining two. All five control flaps without microvascular anastomoses necrosed quickly. No measures such as perfusion, anticoagulants or antibiotics were used. Cadaver dissections are described, and it is suggested that suitable donor sites for clinical use include the groin flap, the deltopectoral flap and possibly the dorsum of the foot
Patterns of Hypocalcaemia produced by Partial and Complete Parathyroid Excision and Calcitonin Release in the Rat
Authors: Adie Ross
Published: January 2008

The hypocalcasmia seen after thyroid surgery is almost certainly caused by several factors. These experiments were designed to demonstrate the patterns of postoperative hypocalcemia seen due to endogenous calcitonin release, and partial and complete parathyroidectomy. The rat with autotransplanted parathyroid glands was used as the experimental model
The Use of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Cement in Osteosynthesis: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Iqbal Quazi M. , Kutty M. Kannan
Published: January 2008

A preliminary study was conducted to assess the effect of the use of acrylic cement in osteosynthesis by inducing comminution, and thereby producing instability in the hind limbs of rabbits, and then encasing them by applying the cement at the fracture sites. A quantitative and a qualitative evaluation were attempted with radiology, planimetric studies, volume determination, and histological studies. The results of this study suggest that the use of acrylic cement in encasement osteosynthesis remains a distinct feasibility
Bilateral Cervical Rib and Subclavian Aneurysm
Authors: SIU KEVIN , FERGUSON IAN
Published: January 2008

A case of bilateral cervical ribs and subclavian aneurysms is presented. The genesis of the vascular symptoms is discussed, and a technique for reconstruction of the subclavian artery is described.
The Intraarterial Use of Tetracycline in the Treatment of Two Patients with Digital Gangrene Secondary to Obliterative Arterial Disease
Authors: HOUSE A. K.
Published: January 2008

This article reports and discusses the cases of two patients with long‐standing Buerger's disease complicated by digital gangrene who were treated with intraarterial injections of tetracycline with benefit.
Knuckle Pads
Authors: HUESTON J. T. , WILSON W. F.
Published: January 2008

The condition of “knuckle pads” is discussed. These are due to no single cause, and the differential diagnosis, which has not previously been considered, is recorded in this paper.
Annular Pancreas in an Adult
Authors: MENDELSON G. , KOTZMANN R. R. , McLELLAN R. M. , NAYMAN J.
Published: January 2008

A case of chronic duodenal obstruction due to an annular pancreas in a man aged 49 years is presented. At laparotomy the obstruction was bypassed by an antecolic gastro‐jejunostomy. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of annular pancreas presenting in adult life are discussed.
A Unique Case of Fracture‐Dislocation of the Spine
Authors: CHARI P. R. , CHOUDARY H. R. , RAO A. S.
Published: January 2008

An unusual case of fracture‐dislocation of the lumbar spine in a child, involving the second and third lumbar vertebra without any neurological deficit, is reported.
Teratoma of the Neck
Authors: GRAY BRUCE N.
Published: January 2008

Since the condition was first described over a century ago, many cases of teratoma of the neck have been documented. There are now approximately 110 cases reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to add a further two cases and to assess the nature of these uncommon tumours.
A Valve at the Bladder Outlet
Authors: O'ROURKE D. A.
Published: January 2008

A valve‐like mechanism at the outlet of the urinary bladder in human and dog cadaver specimens is described. Elevation of the bladder base closes the valve and maintains continence. Lack of support or funnelling of the bladder base allows the urine to pass. This valve requires only a few millimetres of tissue beyond the bladder wall to stay effective. Furthermore, three millimetres is the traverse up or down which decides between continence and incontinence of urine. This valve effect is not present in sheep, pig or cattle bladders. The mechanism was described by Vincent in human bladders in 1959.
The Treatment of Benign Enlargement of the Prostate with Nor Progesterone Caproate (Primostat)
Authors: SUBBIAH N. , MORTENSEN JAMES
Published: January 2008

A clinical evaluation of nor progesterone caproate (Primostat) suggests that this drug has a limited place in the treatment of bladder neck obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The Effect of Vitamin A on the Immunosuppressive Action of Cortisone on Skin Homografts in Mice
Authors: BRAZENOR GRAEME , STEPHENS FREDERICK O.
Published: January 2008

The use of immunosuppressive steroid therapy in patients having transplant operations is associated with increasing numbers of patients with wound healing problems. Vitamin A is known to prevent some biological effects of steroids, including impaired gain in strength of healing wounds and impaired epithelialization of open wounds. Other effects of steroids are not affected by vitamin A. Before vitamin A can be safely used to promote wound healing in transplant patients having steroid immunosuppressive therapy, it is essential to determine whether the immunosupprressive action could be impaired by vitamin A. A study was designed using skin homografts in mice to determine whether vitamin A administration affected the prolongation of homograft survival resulting from cortisone therapy. Although in these experiments vitamin A was not found to influence significantly the immunosuppressive action of cortisone, further experiments are required entailing the use of different doses of vitamin A and also a different homograft model, before any conclusions can be made concerning the likely effect of the use of vitamin A in transplant patients having immunosuppressive steroid therapy.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: MCEWIN RODERICK
Published: January 2008

This rare inherited disease presents with abdominal pain, psychiatric symptoms and neuropathies. Because it may mimic an acute surgical (or less frequently, psychiatric) emergency, it is important in clinical practice. The complication of respiratory paralysis, with a mortality of over 90%, is almost solely due to aggravation of an attack by drugs, usually barbiturates. It is therefore important to diagnose the disease in surgical practice before barbiturates are used for sedation or anœsthesia.
Dysphagia in Childhood
Authors: MYERS N. A.
Published: January 2008

Dysphagia in childhood is relatively uncommon, and for this reason its significance may not be appreciated, so that diagnostic delay results. A simple classification recognizes the following couses: congenital abnormalities; peptic œsophagitis; corrosive œsophagitis: achalasia of the œsophagus; foreign body; and neurological disorders.
A Method of Continual Assessment of Surgical Results by Computer Analysis
Authors: WRIGHT J. E.
Published: January 2008

A method of continual assessment of surgical results by computer analysis is described. This is a modification of the previous surgical study techniques used at the Royal Newcastle Hospital since 1955. The medical officer who dictates the patient's discharge summary records relevant facts in coded form on a surgical audit blank. This is removed from the chart, stored, and at the end of a given year sent to the Hospitals Commission of N. S. W. for computer analysis.
Laparotomy for the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease: Technique and Results1
Authors: Mitchell Robert I.
Published: January 2008

Laparotomy in 68 highly selected patients with Hodgkin's disease resulted in a change in the staging made prior to operation in one‐half of the patients. The technique of a complete sampling of the lymph nodes in every patient is emphasized. A comparison is made between the results of the preoperative lymphogram, the spleen and liver scans, and the biopsy at the time of laparotomy.
The Surgical Staging of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Battersby C. , Seymour A. E. , Kynaston B.
Published: January 2008

Results of laparotomy staging of Hodgkin's disease are reported in a selected group of 14 patients with Stage 1 or Stage 2 disease, regarding whom a reasonable suspicion of intraabdominal involvement existed. Staging was advanced in 43% of patients, with consequent alteration in therapy.

Intraabdominal Hodgkin's disease may be present focally in nodes and spleen which are not enlarged, and meticulous search for nodes is advocated with removal of perivascular fat if none can be located macroscopically. Examination of all tissue fresh and unfixed has given the best guide to the presence of disease foci, but multiple sections and careful search may be necessary to locate this occult disease. If intraabdominal Hodgkin's disease has not been located, subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy has not been given, but, in common with other reported series, the follow‐up period is as yet too short for full evaluation of this therapeutic concept.
The Fate of the Remaining Kidney in 73 Patients Subjected to Nephrectomy for Renovascular Hypertension1
Authors: Vlahakis Emmanuel
Published: January 2008

This paper studies the fate of the remaining kidney in 73 patients subjected to nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension. These patients have been followed from one to ten years, the average period being five years. In 42% the remaining kidney underwent functional and morphological hypertrophy; in 24% the kidney function remained unchanged; and in 34% chronic renal failure developed. The prognosis was found to be better with fibromuscular disease than with atheroma. The presence of mild to moderate arterial disease in the remaining kidney does not significantly affect its function.
Blood Loss and Acid‐Base Balance during Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy
Authors: Joseph Douglas , Bookallil Michael J.
Published: January 2008

In twenty consecutive operations for abdominal aortic aneurysm, the progressive blood losses, acid‐base status and oesophageal temperatures were recorded and analysed. The results suggest that anaesthetic and resuscitative techniques of which the objects are to maintain normotension, sustain hydration and prevent hypothermia should be continued.
Tumours of the Deep Lobe of the Parotid1
Authors: Sheridan Brian F. , Newton Noel C.
Published: January 2008

A report on a series of tumours occurring in the deep lobe of the parotid gland is presented. A plan of management is advocated, and the details of surgery are described.
Exploration of the Common Bile Duct in the Presence of Acute Cholecystitis1
Authors: Pheils M. T. , Duraiappaii Balasubramaniam
Published: January 2008

A comparison has been made between patients having elective cholecystectomy and chole‐dochotomy with patients having choledochotomy in the presence of acute cholecystitis. There were two series of patients studied, Series A, from 1963 to 1968, and Series B, from 1968 to 1971. There was no significant difference in the overall mortality rate or morbidity. There was a significant drop in the mortality rate following both acute and elective operations in Series B. There was also a significant rise in the duct exploration rate in this group.
Localized Ulceration of the Caecum due to Microcirculatory Thrombosis: A New Concept of Non‐Specific Ulceration of the Caecum
Authors: Hardie Ian R. , Nicoll Peter
Published: January 2008

Uncommon lesions of the caecum are of interest because of the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties associated with them. This paper presents the case reports of three patients with such a lesion. The pathology found was typical of that seen in the condition formerly described as “non‐specific ulceration of the caecum”, but the additional finding of micro‐circulatory thrombosis suggests the probable pathogenesis and leads to a new concept of the lesion, thus allowing a more definitive name to be applied to it. A review of the literature is presented, the natural history discussed, and a plan of management formulated. Because of the similarity of the clinical features to those of acute appendicitis, the correct diagnosis is rarely made before operation, but even at operation differentiation from more serious pathology may be difficult. The treatment of choice is immediate wide resection.
Haemangiomatous Malformation of the Orbit Followed for 20 Years: Report of a Case1
Authors: Miller Douglas
Published: January 2008

The case is reported of a nine‐year‐old girl who presented in 1952 with a haemangiomatous malformation of the orbit. The stirgical attempts carried out in the hope of relieving this are described. Apart from the gross deformity, the patient has remained well up till the present time.
Radionecrosis of the Neck1
Authors: Fry Hunter J. H.
Published: January 2008

Radiation breakdown in the neck can be a major problem, for which a reconstructive technique is presented. The entire irradiated area is excised, the excised tissue being replaced by two deltopectoral flaps, sufficient in extent to allow reconstruction of a tracheostome or a missing portion of œsophagus or pharynx.