bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature and Feedstock on Surface Charge and Functional Group Chemistry of Biochars
Authors: Banik Chumki , Lawrinenko Michael , Bakshi Santanu , Laird David A.
Published: April 2018

The capacity of biochars to adsorb ionic contaminants is strongly influenced by biochar surface chemistry. We studied the effects of biomass feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, reaction media pH, and AlCl3 pre‐pyrolysis feedstock treatments on biochar anion exchange capacity (AEC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), point of zero net charge (PZNC), and point of zero salt effect (PZSE). We used the relationship between PZNC and PZSE to probe biochar surfaces for the presence of unstable (hydrolyzable) surface charge functional groups. The results indicate that biochars produced at ≤500°C have high CECs and low AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values due to the dominance of negative surface charge arising from carboxylate and phenolate functional groups. Biochars produced at ≥700°C have low CEC and high AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values, consistent with a dominance of positive surface charge arising from nonhydrolyzable bridging oxonium (oxygen heterocycles) groups. However, biochars produced at moderate temperatures (500–700°C) have high PZSE and low PZNC values, indicating the presence of nonbridging oxonium groups, which are rapidly degraded under alkaline conditions by OH− attack on the oxonium α‐C. Biochars treated with AlCl3 have high AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values due to variably charged aluminol groups on biochar surfaces. The results provide support for the presence of both hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable oxonium groups on biochar surfaces. They also demonstrate that biochars produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (>700°C) or those receiving pre‐pyrolysis treatments with AlCl3 are optimized for anionic contaminant adsorption, whereas biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures (400°C) are optimized for cationic contaminant adsorption.

Core Ideass

Feedstock and pyrolysis temperature strongly affect biochar surface charges.

Carboxylic and phenolic functional groups contribute surface charges of ≤500°C biochar.

Nonbridging oxonium ions declined at high pyrolysis temperature.

Alkaline condition of media degraded the number of nonbridging oxonium ions.

Aluminol groups contribute variable charges of Al‐modified biochars.
Quantifying Soil Water and Root Dynamics Using a Coupled Hydrogeophysical Inversion
Authors: Kuhl Alexandria S. , Kendall Anthony D. , Van Dam Remke L. , Hyndman David W.
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas

A novel coupled inversion algorithm estimated soil and root parameters.

Electrical resistivity data were used to identify root and soil hydraulic properties.

A unique root distribution was estimated despite input error and data density.

This noninvasive technique can capture root dynamics in a variety of settings.

Plot‐ to field‐scale root distribution data are relatively rare and difficult to measure with traditional methods. Nevertheless, these data are needed to accurately model root water uptake (RWU) processes within agronomic, hydrologic, and terrestrial biosphere models. New tools are needed to effectively observe root distributions and model dynamic root growth processes. In the past decade, geophysical tools have increasingly been used to study the vadose zone, and hydrogeophysical inversions have shown promise to noninvasively characterize water dynamics. In such an approach, the hydrology is modeled and hydrological data are inverted with the geophysical data, constraining the geophysical inversion results and decreasing uncertainty and the number of nonunique solutions. In this study, we developed and tested a coupled hydrogeophysical inversion approach that uses electrical resistivity data to estimate soil hydraulic, petrophysical, and root dynamic parameters. This builds on prior research that used either a coupled hydrogeophysical inversion to estimate soil hydraulic parameters only, or a hydrological inversion to estimate root distribution or root water uptake parameters. Our results indicate that under the conditions tested, this approach accurately captures root water dynamics and soil hydraulic parameters. This opens up opportunities to noninvasively image a variety of root distributions and soil systems, better understand the dynamics of RWU processes, and improve estimates of transpiration for systems models.
Why Hydrological Maze: The Hydropedological Trigger? Review of Experiments at Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory
Authors: Gu Wei-Zu , Liu Jiu-Fu , Lin Henry , Lin Jin , Liu Hong-Wei , Liao Ai-Min , Wang Niu , Wang Wen-Zhon , Ma Tao , Yang Na , Li Xue-Gang , Zhuo Peng , Cai Zhao
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas

Hydropedological factors are key to revealing the hydrological maze.

Hydropedological factor plays the role of “creator” in runoff composition and runoff generation.

Hydropedological factor plays the role of “originator” of hydrological heterogeneity.

Hydropedological factor plays the role of “producer” of hydrological puzzles.

Hydrology is an old discipline due to its early origination, as well as a young discipline due to its insufficient scientific foundation as a natural science. Thus hydrology has long been haunted by a debate between natural functionalities found in observations vs. model results built on many simplified assumptions. We define the hydrological maze as puzzles, paradoxes, or complexity involved in hydrologic measurements and interpretations. The objective of this study was to reveal the hydrological maze through a comprehensive review of decades of work since the 1980s on observations and experiments using a combination of natural and artificial catchments at the Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory in China, highlighting the role of hydropedology in hillslope and catchment hydrology based on long‐term monitoring of surface and subsurface flows at various soil depths and at different spatial scales. A conception has emerged that indicates the fundamental control of hydropedological factors (such as soil types, soil properties, and their spatial variations) as the trigger for the hydrological maze, including runoff generation, runoff composition, flow heterogeneity, and various hydrological puzzles. It is clear that the vadose zone is the key source for nonlinear and dissipative complexity in the hydrological maze that is intertwined with hydrochemical and hydroecological dynamics. Therein lies the hope for new hydrological insights and possible solutions to the hydrological maze.
Peran Capacity Building terhadap Peningkatan Intellectual Capital Auditor Internal PTKIN di Indonesia dengan Audit Quality sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Hartono Setyo Budi
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study is to measure the capacity development of PTKIN auditors in Indonesia towards Intellectual Capital by using Audit Quality as a intervening variable. Resource-based theory as the basis for IC development that affects the accountability of PTKIN. Stakeholder theory is used as the basis of PTKIN in managing Budget Implementation. The methodology uses testing on 28 PTKIN auditors with questioner and WarpPLS 5.0 as a measuring tool. From the sample test it is known that the correlation between capacity building (CB) Audit Quality (AQ) has 53% coefficient, capacity building (CB) to Intellectual Capital (IC) has 93% coefficient, Audit Quality (AQ) significant to Intellectual Capital with coefficient -16 % And not significant, and the capacity building (CB) of Intellectual Capital (IC) with Audit Quality (AQ) as the mediation variable has coefficient - 80% and has no effect on VAF 10%. There is no factor influencing Intellectual Capital with Audit Quality as mediation variable to capacity building (CB). Intellectual Capital (IC) is strongly influenced by Audit Qualitys with appropriate educational back¬grounds.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengembangan kapasitas auditor PTKIN di Indonesia terhadap Intellectual Capital (IC) dengan menggunakan Audit Quality (AQ)  sebagai variabel intervening. Resource Based Theory (RBT) digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan IC yang akan memengaruhi akuntabilitas PTKIN. Teori stake¬holder digunakan sebagai dasar PTKIN dalam mengelola implementasi Anggaran. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian pada 28 auditor PTKIN dengan kuesioner dan WarpPLS 5.0 sebagai alat ukur. Dari pengujian sampel diketahui hubungan antara Capacity Building (CB) Audit Quality (AQ) memiliki koefisien 53%, Capacity Building (CB) terhadap Intellectual Capital (IC) memiliki koefisien 93%, Audit Quality (AQ) signifikan terhadap Intellectual Capital (IC) dengan koefisien -16% dan tidak signifikan, dan Capacity Building (CB) terhadap Intellectual Capital (IC) dengan Audit Quality (AQ) sebagai variabel intervening memiliki koefisien - 80% dan tidak berpengaruh pada VAF 10%. Tidak ada faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap Intellectual Capital (IC) dengan Audit Quality (AQ) sebagai variabel intervening terhadap Capacity Building (CB). Intellectual Capital (IC) sangat dipengaruhi oleh Audit Quality (AQ) dengan latar belakang pendidikan yang sesuai.
Kontruksi Sistem Jaminan Sosial dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Aprianto Naerul Edwin Kiky
Published: April 2018

This article intends to examine the social security system in the perspective of Islamic economy. Using literature review, this article cut social security. For that, it can be concluded that the social security construction in the Islamic economic system has four stages, namely: (1) guarantees the individual against himself (individual guarantees); (2) among individuals with his family (family guarantees); (3) individuals with society (assurance society); and (4) between people within a country (a guarantee). Therefore, the construction of social security system in Islamic economics illustrates that guarantee it in layers. When social security was able to be resolved by the individual, then simply at the level of the individual. But when could not be resolved at the level of the individual, it will be resolved at the level of the family. If not completed in level of the family, it will be resolved at the community level. If social security did not complete in the community, then the obligation of the State to finish itArtikel ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji sistem jaminan sosial dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Dengan menggunakan literature review, artikel ini membedah jaminan sosial Islam. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa konstruksi jaminan sosial dalam ekonomi Islam memiliki empat sistem tahapan, yaitu: (1) jaminan individu terhadap dirinya (jaminan individu); (2) antara individu dengan keluarganya (jaminan keluarga); (3) individu dengan masyarakatnya (jaminan masyarakat); dan (4) antara masyarakat dalam suatu negara (jaminan negara). Oleh karena itu, konstruksi sistem jaminan sosial dalam ekonomi Islam menggambarkan bahwa jaminan itu berlapis-lapis. Apabila jaminan sosial mampu diselesaikan oleh individu, maka cukup di level individu. Apabila tidak bisa diselesaikan di level individu, maka akan diselesaikan di level keluarga. Apabila tidak selesai di level keluarga, maka akan diselesaikan di level masyarakat. Apabila jaminan sosial tidak selesai di masyarakat, maka kewajiban negara menyelesaikannya.
Pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), Jumlah Bagi Hasil dan Jumlah Kantor terhadap Jumlah Deposito Muḍārabah Bank Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2011-2015
Authors: Meyliana Dita , Mulazid Ade Sofyan
Published: April 2018

This study found the influence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the amount of profit sharing and the number of offices to the number of muḍārabah deposits of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used in this research is quarterly data from 2011-2015 period. The method of analysis used in this research is Data Panel Regression Analysis by using computer program Eviews version 9.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The results in this study indicate that partially Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the amount of profit sharing and the number of offices have a significant influence on the amount Muḍārabah deposits. This result is evidenced by a significant value of 0.0000 that is smaller than 0.05 and has a positive direction. So the greater of GDP, number of profit sharing and the number of offices, the greater number of muḍārabah deposits of Islamic banks in Indonesia.Penelitian ini menemukan adanya pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor terhadap jumlah deposito muḍārabah bank syariah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data triwulan periode 2011-2015. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan menggunakan program komputer Eviews versi9.0 dan Microsoft Excel 2010. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah deposito muḍārabah. Hasil ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.0000 yaitu lebih kecil dari 0.05 dan memiliki arah positif. Sehingga semakin besar PDB, jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor, maka semakin besar pula jumlah deposito muḍārabah bank syariah di Indonesia.
Research on the influence of underwater vehicle double shell spacing on vibration and sound radiation
Authors: Gu Gaoquan , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2018

According to the theory of hydro-elasticity, a three-dimensional simplified model of propeller-shaft-shell is established by using three-dimensional hydro-elastic acoustic software. The sound source level curve of underwater acoustic radiation is calculated for different double shell spacing under three different excitation sources: external fluid excitation, tail-paddle excitation and internal mechanical excitation. The calculation results show that under all kinds of excitation, the total sound level of sound radiation is slightly lower than the sound level of L and 1.5L when the distance between inner and outer casings is 0.5L.
Dynamic behavior of NATM tunnel under harmonic loading
Authors: Mohammadi-Haji Bahareh , Ardakani Alireza
Published: April 2018

In modern societies, underground structures like subways, water transport and urban tunnels are using widely due to the rapid population growth and limitations of above ground spaces. Although these structures especially urban tunnels have been reported to experience less damages in comparison with above-ground structures during earthquakes, their damages have direct effects on human lives. In this study, 2D plane strain simulation of a NATM tunnel subjected to harmonic loading is employed to investigate the dynamic effects of the presence of tunnel on the ground responses and on the drift values of a tunnel section using advanced hardening soil constitutive model. The surface settlement, acceleration and drift in both tunnel section and free field are presented as time histories for different PGA and results have been discussed.
Adaptive sliding neural network-based vibration control of a nonlinear quarter car active suspension system with unknown dynamics
Authors: Ghahremani Azadeh , Khaloozadeh Hamid , Ghahremani Peyman
Published: April 2018

This study investigates adaptive sliding neural network (NN) control for quarter active suspension system with dynamic uncertainties and road disturbances. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is adopted to estimate the unknown dynamics of the system. In addition, sliding mode controller is introduced to compensate the function of estimation error for improving the performance of the system. Furthermore, the uniformly and bounded of closed-loop signals is guaranteed by Lyapunov analysis; the adaptation laws for training of MLP are derived from stability analysis. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively provide a good ride and makes great trade-off between passenger comfort and handling despite the dynamic uncertainties.
Optimization of kinetics and operating parameters for the bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge, using co-inoculation of two Acidithiobacillus species
Authors: Li Haifei , Ye Maoyou , Zheng Li , Xu Yanbin , Sun Shuiyu , Du Qingping , Zhong Yujian , Ye Shengjun , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: April 2018

This study explores the potential for synchronous extraction of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn during sewage sludge bioleaching processes, using three types of bacterial cultures: a pure culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans); a pure culture of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans); and a mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans. Variable operating parameters included initial pH, solids concentration, sulfur concentration and ferrous iron concentration, with optimization via Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Results indicate that the mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans, was the most effective at bioleaching heavy metals from sewage sludge. The optimal operating conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 2.0, with concentrations of 3% solids, 6.14 g L−1 sulfur and 4.55 g L−1 ferrous iron. Maximum extraction efficiencies obtained after 14 days of bioleaching under optimal conditions, were 98.54% Cu, 57.99% Cr, 60.06% Ni and 95.60% Zn. Bioleaching kinetics were effectively simulated using a shrinking core model to explain the leaching reaction, with modelling results suggesting that the rate was determined by the diffusion step.
Electronic Characters and Synthesis Method of Novel Conjugated System Based on Benzodithiophene Groups
Authors: Feng Xiantao
Published: April 2018

Benzodithiophene based conjugated small molecules (SMBDTs) are usually used in organic
photovoltaic (OPV), Organic Filed Effection Transistor (OFET), Organic Phototransistor (OPT) and
Non-Linear Optical (NLO) chromophores. Band-gap engineering is one of the key design principles for
π-conjugated materials and this can be done by altering the structures of SMBDTs with sidechain and
backbone reactions. In this way, scientists develop several kinds of SMBDTs with different electron donors
and acceptors. The alkoxyl and aromatic substituted BDT units are mostly used as the donors,
while the alkyl cyanoacetate, dicyano, rhodamine, indenedione, thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione,
benzothiadiazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole groups are used as the acceptors. The electronic characters of
SMBDTs including the HOMO and LUMO energy level are listed and discussed. The synthesis methods
of SMBDTs are mostly in common, especially with the backbone reaction. There are about four
coupling methods for the backbone reaction, mostly used is the Stille coupling methods. In this review
paper, the common synthesis methods and the electronic characters by several samples are summarized
to provide researchers an overview of SMBDTs’ synthesis, structures and applications.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Urological Disorders: An Overview
Authors: Lai S. , Sciarra A. , Pierella F. , Pastore S. , Piloni L. , Salciccia S. , Perrotta A.M. , Protopapa P. , Pintus G. , Ricciuti G. , Ciccariello M. , Heland M. Von
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition and it is a major risk factor for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Some congenital and acquired anomalies of the kidneys and lower urinary tract (CAKUT and CALUT) are well-known causes of CKD and ESRD, but often remain undiagnosed and their prevalence is underestimated. This study aims to provide an overview that considered mainly some of the major congenital and acquired urological diseases that could lead to renal clinical manifestations common even to the most widespread renal pathologies, for which often underdiagnosed.

Materials and Methods:

PubMed search was conducted for available English literature describing the actual knowledge on congenital and acquired urological disorders determining acute and chronic kidney disease. Prospective and retrospective studies as well as meta-analyses and latest systematic reviews were included.

Results:

Most of the studies examined and reviewed were discarded for wrong population or intervention or deemed unfit, and only 87 met the inclusion criteria for the review. The studies included in the review related to urological disorders that may determine chronic and acute kidney disease.

Conclusion:

Some urological diseases, as CAKUT and CALUT, especially in adults, show symptoms, as renal failure, proteinuria and hypertension, very common to other kidney diseases, for this reason may remain undiagnosed and their prevalence is not completely known. Therefore, in doubtful cases, non-invasive and inexpensive tests, as cystourethrogram, should be made, to rule out urological disorders and if necessary, ultrasonography, urography and scintigraphy, might allow a correct and early diagnosis of these defects and thus adequate therapy, preventing or at least slowing down an evolution toward CKD and ESRD.
A 44 Year Old Man with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Mass at Right Lower Leg
Authors: Islamiah Ahadini , Wardhani Shinta Oktya
Published: April 2018

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of primitive hematopoetic stem cells that is characterized by overproduction of myeloid series cells, splenomegaly, and leukocytosis. We reported a case of 44 years old male with CML who complained about swelling right leg and pain for 3 month. It had been diagnosed as CML for 3 years, and he took hydroxyurea but stopped for a year due to economic problem. The results of clinical examination, laboratory, biopsy, and radiology showed a result matched to CML with soft tissue mass. The results of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) of fragmented histiocytes leg mass, multinucleated giant cells, and atypical nucleated with a possibility of fibroma with atypical nucleated cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multilocular lobulated soft tissue mass from the popliteal region to the cruris dextra, cyst mass high protein dd/solid tumor with vascular encasement and lesions in bone marrow replacement, and fluid collection on bursa parapatella. The patient was treated with hydroxyurea and showed clinical improvement and decreased mass size in the legs.
Aktivitas Larvisida Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet(L) Smith terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
Authors: Murini Tri , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Tunggul Satoto Tri Baskoro , Fudholi Achmad -
Published: April 2018

Saat ini ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telahÂ  resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan larvisida baru dari sumber bahan alam seperti rimpang Z. zerumbet, pada penelitian yang sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Aktivitas larvisida ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang telah dipurifikasi belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang Z. zerumbet terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Penelitian iniÂ  dilakukan pada dua ekstrak yaituÂ  ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet dan ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang dipurifikasi dengan petroleum eter (PE). Dua puluh limaÂ  larva instar III-IV Ae. aegyptiÂ  dipapar dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematianÂ  larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan LC50. Setelah mengetahui LC50 tersebut, studi dilanjutkan dengan purifikasi ekstrak metanol Z. zerumbet menggunakan PE sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstrak yang telah dipurifikasi baik yang larut maupun tidak larut PE diperlakukan padaÂ  larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti menggunakan metode yang sama seperti yangÂ  disebutkan terdahulu. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol, larut PE dan tidak larut PE hasil purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet adalah 153,57Â±4,01 ppm; 67,01Â±2,35 ppm; dan 2287Â±147,91 ppm. Purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbetÂ  yang larut PE memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IVÂ  Ae. aegyptiÂ  dan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan larvisidaÂ  baru.
IgM-RF pada Anak Terinfeksi Virus Dengue Tidak Berkorelasi dengan Jumlah Trombosit dan Hematokrit
Authors: Jatmiko Safari Wahyu , Suromo Lisyani , Dharmana Edi
Published: April 2018

Banyak teori diajukan untuk menjelaskan patogenesis trombositopenia dan hemokonsentrasi pada Infeksi Virus Dengue (IVD), termasuk teori autoimun. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah Rheumatoid Factor (RF) yang biasa ditemukan pada pasien autoimun juga ditemukan dan berhubungan dengan perubahan jumlah trombosit dan nilai hematokrit pada pasien IVD. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan hubungan RF dengan jumlah trombosit dan nilai hematokrit pada anak terinfeksi virus dengue. Desain penelitian menggunakan analisis korelatif dengan pendekatan belah lintang dilakukan terhadap 40 pasien yang mengalami demam minimal 4 hari dan memenuhi kriteria diagnostik IVD menurut WHO 2009, usia di bawah 14 tahun, dan diagnosis dikonfirmasi dengan antibodi antidengue. Pasien dengan riwayat penyakit autoimun dan riwayat immunocompromised dikeluarkan dari penelitian. Sampel diambil secara konsekutif. Darah rutin diperiksa penggunakan hematology analyzer sedangkan RF diperiksa dengan metode aglutinasi lateks. Data diolah dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pasien dengan RF (+) sebanyak 62,5%. Hasil uji korelasi RF dan jumlah trombosit menunjukkan nilai r=0,151 dengan p=0,354 sedangkan hasil uji korelasi RF dan nilai hematokrit nilai r=0,3 dengan p=0,06. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar RF serum dengan jumlah trombosit pada pasien IVD dan antara kadar RF serum dengan nilai hematokrit pada pasien IVD, walaupun ada kecenderungan peningkatan kadar RF serum diiringi dengan kenaikan nilai hematokrit.
Dominasi Pewarisan Pola Sidik Jari Whorl dalam Keluarga Karyawan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
Authors: Mundijo Trisnawati , Purwoko Mitayani
Published: April 2018

Setiap individu memiliki sifat turunan atau sifat warisan dari kedua orangtua. Salah satu sifat yang diwariskan yaitu pola sidik jari. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana pewarisan pola sidik jari pada masyarakat kota Palembang khususnya pada karyawan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Penelitian ini berjenis observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian diambil secara keseluruhan dari karyawan yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebanyak 22 keluarga sehingga diperoleh 85 orang responden.Â  Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pola sidik jari pada responden adalah whorl (62,3%), ulnar loop (35,3%), tented arch (2,2%), dan radial loop (0,2%). Pewarisan pola sidik jari dari orang tua ke anak terdiri dari 4 sifat pewarisan yaitu pola sidik jari anak sama dengan pola sidik jari kedua orang tua (46,4%), pola sidik jari anak sama persis dengan pola sidik jari ibu (24,4%), pola sidik jari anak yang sama persis dengan ayah (14,6%), serta pola sidik jari anak yang sama hanya dengan salah satu orang tua (14,6%). Alel yang mengatur pola sidik jari whorl kemungkinan merupakan alel yang bersifat dominan terhadap pola sidik jari lain.
Peran Magnesium Sulfat dalam Menurunkan Kadar TNF-Î± dan IL-1Î² pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Sulistyowati Sri , Pujojati Ferri Waluyo Wiwoho , Respati Supriyadi Hari , - Soetrisno -
Published: April 2018

Prematuritas menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas neonatus yaitu cerebral palsy (CP), gangguan kognitif dan gangguan tingkah laku. Sitokin proinflamasi TNF-Î± dan IL-1Î² diduga secara signifikan meningkat pada bayi prematur. Magnesium sulfat (MgSO4) diduga dapat sebagai neuroprotektor terhadap otak janin, melindungi jaringan terhadap aktivitas radikal bebas, sebagai vasodilator dari vasculature otak dan menurunkan sitokin proinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran MgSO4 terhadap kadar TNF-Î± dan IL-1Î² pada bayi prematur, menggunakan metode observasional analitik, cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Desember 2015 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta dan laboratorium Prodia Jakarta. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 40 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 20 subjek kelompok persalinan prematur yang mendapat MgSO4 dan 20 subjek kelompok persalinan prematur tidak mendapat MgSO4. Semua subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar TNF-Î± dan IL-1Î² pada serum dari darah tali pusat bayi pada saat lahir dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Rerata kadar serum TNF-Î± pada kelompok persalinan prematur yang diberikan MgSO4 (2,24Â±0,56ng/mL) dan rerata kadar serum TNF-Î± pada persalinan prematur yang tidak diberikan MgSO4 (2,80Â±0,85ng/mL) dengan p=0,01 (p<0,05). Rerata kadar serum IL-1Î² pada kelompok persalinan prematur yang diberikan MgSO4 (0,49Â±0,22ng/mL) dan rerata kadar serum IL-1Î² pada persalinan prematur yang tidak diberikan MgSO4 (0,71Â±0,28ng/mL) dengan p=0,01 (p<0,05). Magnesium Sulfat berperan menurunkan kadar serum TNF-Î± dan IL-1Î² pada bayi prematur.
Unique views on obesity-related behaviors and environments: research using still and video images (Preprint)
Authors: Carlson Jordan , Hipp J. Aaron , Kerr Jacqueline , Horowitz Todd , Berrigan David
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Image based data collection for obesity research is in its infancy.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to document challenges to and benefits from such research by capturing examples of research involving the use of images to assess physical activity- or nutrition-related behaviors and/or environments.

METHODS

Researchers (i.e., key informants) using image capture in their research were identified through knowledge and networks of the authors of this paper and through literature search. Twenty-nine key informants completed a survey covering the type of research, source of images, and challenges and benefits experienced, developed specifically for this study.

RESULTS

Most respondents used still images in their research, with only 26.7% using video. Image sources were categorized as participant generated (N = 13; e.g., participants using smartphones for dietary assessment), researcher generated (N = 10; e.g., wearable cameras with automatic image capture), or curated from third parties (N = 7; e.g., Google Street View). Two of the major challenges that emerged included the need for automated processing of large datasets (58.8%) and participant recruitment/compliance (41.2%). Benefit-related themes included greater perspectives on obesity with increased data coverage (34.6%) and improved accuracy of behavior and environment assessment (34.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Technological advances will support the increased use of images in the assessment of physical activity, nutrition behaviors, and environments. To advance this area of research, more effective collaborations are needed between health and computer scientists. In particular development of automated data extraction methods for diverse aspects of behavior, environment, and food characteristics are needed. Additionally, progress in standards for addressing ethical issues related to image capture for research purposes are critical.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Comparison of Developers’ and End-Users’ Perspectives About Smoking Cessation Support Through the Crush the Crave App (Preprint)
Authors: Struik Laura Louise , Bottorff Joan L , Baskerville N Bruce , Oliffe John , Crichton Susan
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

High smoking rates among end-users, combined with their high rates of app use, render this age group as a particularly captive audience for quit smoking apps. There is emerging evidence that apps are an effective way to support smoking cessation among end-users. How the expectations behind the design of apps align with the needs and preferences of end-users, and if this differs by gender, is poorly understood, limiting the ability to evaluate and scale these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this qualitative case study was to detail how the overall design approach of Crush the Crave (CTC), a quit smoking app that targets end-users, compares with young adult women’s and men’s perspectives and experiences, with consideration for the influence of gender.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 developers involved in the development of CTC and 31 young adult CTC users. Data were analyzed inductively to derive thematic findings of the perceived pros and cons of CTC by both developers and end-users. Findings were grouped under 4 categories (1) technology and platforms utilized for the app, (2) foundation of app content, (3) underlying focus of the app, and (4) look, feel and functionality of the app.

RESULTS

Under the category, technology and platforms utilized for the app, it was found that both developers and end-users agreed that apps aligned with the needs and preferences of young adult smokers. Major limitations with the technology identified by end-users were the frequent “glitches” and requirement for internet or data. For the category, foundation of app content,developers agreed that the strength of CTC was in its strong evidence-base. What mattered to end-users, however, was that the content was packaged positively, focusing on the benefits of quitting versus the consequences of smoking. It was found under the category, underlying focus of the app, that the individually-led focus of the app resonated with both developers and end-users, especially young men. Under the final category, look, feel and functionality of the app, it was found that developers were very positive about the app's aesthetics but end-users thought that the aesthetics incited a negative effect. Also, while end-users found it easy to use, they did not find the app intuitive. Finally, end-users thought that, because the app functions were largely based on a user’s quit date versus their ongoing efforts, this often lent to unmeaningful data.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study findings highlight the importance of understanding multiple perspectives of stakeholders involved in a mobile-based intervention. By gathering the viewpoints of developers and end-users, both problematic and effective approaches that underlie development goals were revealed as a means of informing the development, implementation, and evaluation of future electronic health (eHealth) interventions.
LA UNIVERSIDAD EN LA ÉPOCA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN DE MASAS: EL PAPEL DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Authors: Ortega Félix
Published: April 2018

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SOBERANÍA, SECESIÓN E INTEGRACIÓN
Authors: Pérez Miranda Rafael
Published: April 2018

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Reflexiones contemporáneas a la luz del pensamiento de Karl Popper.
Authors: LÓPEZ CARRIÓN Jesús
Published: April 2018

Nuestros tiempos están llenos de retos y problemas, los cuales debemos enfrentar y no evadir, es tiempo de decidir sobre cómo actuar ante dichos problemas. Son muchas las actitudes que podemos tomar, pero si reflexionamos tomando como base a uno de los más importantes filósofos del siglo XX, sir Karl Popper, la decisión ética que tenemos enfrente es sobre si queremos vivir una actitud de sociedad abierta o cerrada. En esta colaboración el elector encontrará algunas de las ideas, más importantes de sir Karl Popper, pero a su vez provocará la reflexión sobre la responsabilidad que tiene cada individuo en la construcción de la historia.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berkomunikasi dengan Menerapkan Metode Bercakap-Cakap pada Siswa Kelompok A TK Aisyiyah 1 Sawahan
Authors: Setiyatna Hery
Published: April 2018

The research aims to report the improvement of the kindergarten students’ communication skill by implementing the chatting technique. This study is a collaborative action research. The subjects are group A kindergarten students at TK Aisyiyah 1 Sawahan. The data is collected by field notes then analyzed with comparative analysis and interactive techniques. Performance indicators for this research are the average child reaches the ability to communicate for (1) 50% in the first cycle, (2) 60% in the second cycle, and (3) 75% in the third cycle. This study was conducted in three cycles and each cycle consists of: (1) Plan­ning, (2) Acting, (3) Observing and (4) Reflecting.The result of this research indicated that chatting technique can improve the communication skill of group A kindergarten students in TK Aisyiyah 1 Sawahan, as teachers doing some reflections, the process of learning activities focused on students, and students were actively involved in the activities. The percentage of students communication skill before the action was less than 25%, the percentage of students' ability to communicate after the action on the first cycle increased to 43.75%, in the second cycle increased to 75%, in the third cycle increased to 93.75%.Keywords: chatting technique, communication skill, Group A kindergarten students
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Laboratorium PGMI Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPA
Authors: Wahyu Retno
Published: April 2018

Currently laboratory PGMI has not functioned optimally. Only IPA the most often use the laboratory to support the process learning. In management, there has been no guidelines for discharging PGMI laboratory. The purpose of this research to create the prototype of management guidelines laboratory PGMI as a source of learning IPA in the FITK IAIN Surakarta. This is a research and development study which comprises Borg and Gall steps: information collecting, planning, developing preliminary product, experts’ judgments, and revising the main product. This study has produced a prototype management guidelines PGMI laboratory of FITK IAIN Surakarta: (a) The average components of governance, documents, monitoring and evaluation possesses the criteria “important” to raised in management guidelines PGMI laboratory, (b) this prototype has a good validity construct, (c) Have enough reliability levels with value r of 0.533.Keywords: management, PGMI laboratory
Hukuman dalam Pendidikan : Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Abdullah Nasih ‘Ulwan dan B.F. Skinner
Authors: Zuhri Ahmad Minan
Published: April 2018

This study is based on the phenomenon of the cases number of punishment  abuse in education. Punishment has become a favorite treatment chosen by teachers to control students, though not all educators choose it becomes habit. A discussion of punishment in order to educate the students, actually has been discussed several prominent Muslims and the West Islamic education  Abdullah Nashih 'Ulwan, and  the leaders of Western education for example B.F. Skinner. The education of the two figures, the authors tried to find out his thoughts about punishment in education. Furthermore, the authors compare these thoughts to determine the location of the similarities and differences, as well as the benefits and drawbacks. The results of this research are: 1) The idea of punishment in education according to Abd. Nasih 'Ulwan more emphasis on the moral requirements, while Skinner put more emphasis on human behavior; 2) Abd. Nashih 'Ulwan and Skinner do not agree with the punishment. The difference lies in the application of punishment in education. If Abd. Nashih 'Ulwan apply affectionate and gentle, while Skinner apply the principle of prudence. Keywords: Punishment in education, Abdullah Nashih 'Ulwan, B.F. Skinner
Analisis Pelaksanaan Microteaching Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Khuriyah Khuriyah
Published: April 2018

The problem in this research is the implementation of microteaching in PAI departement  FITK IAIN Surakarta has not been evaluated and need to know the urgency after the existence of several courses of learning strategy that is substantially the same as the implementation of microteaching activities.The research method used is descriptive, carried out for three months since April-June 2016. The population of this research is the students of semester V of academic year 2015/2016 that follow the microteaching of 450 students, the research sample is 260 students. The results show that: 1) The implementation of microteaching as a whole has fulfilled the provisions of microteaching implementation as stated in the microteaching guide book. Each student performs teaching practice as much as 4-5 times, previously required to prepare RPP which will be reviewed and corrected by supervisor (DPL). In implementing the teaching practice, students are required to practice one of the teaching strategies in accordance with the material to be submitted; 2) Although the students have obtained several courses of instructional strategies that note more of the practice of teaching both groups and individuals, but 81% of students stated that microteaching is still needed. Keywords: Analysis, Microteaching.
GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN STUDENTS' WRITING: A CASE AT UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
Authors: Afrianto Afrianto
Published: April 2018

This research aims at investigating the type of cohesive devices in studentsâ€™ writing as a part of discourse analysis. Thus, it explores sentence correlation and meaning as a whole discourse and figures out inappropriate use of the devices.This research is conducted qualitatively to the students of English Letters of Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Bandar Lampung and employs Halliday and Hasanâ€™s (1976) conceptual framework. Further, examining the grammatical cohesion through document, this research deeply looks at the data in form of sentences. The researcher found 122 grammatical cohesive devices from three essays. Furthermore, the researcher also found 5 inappropriate uses of cohesive devices; it includes 2 additive conjunctions, 2 adversative conjunctions, and 1 temporal conjunction. It is also noted that the lacking understanding and awareness about cohesion especially on grammatical cohesion leads the students to use inappropriate cohesive devices. It then problematizes the semantic relation among ideas in the text. Thus, this research comes up with a feedback to the lecturer that the discussion of coherence and cohesion should be more intensive.
Lesiones estomatológicas por el uso de instrumentos de viento en sus ejecutantes.
Authors: Rojas Gómez Ana María , Lobo Cortés Luis Antonio , De la Hoz Renata , Linás Ariza Alfredo
Published: April 2018

Introducción: la literatura científica que incluye lesiones bucales en músicos de viento se enfoca en poblaciones localizadas en conservatorios norteamericanos y europeos, cuyas características poblacionales y musicales difieren de los músicos de la región Caribe colombiana, quienes presentan trastornos oclusales y periodontales específicos, debido a las particularidades de los instrumentos autóctonos que ejecutan. Objetivo: Describir las lesiones estomatológicas en los músicos ejecutantes de instrumentos tipo viento. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 13 músicos de instrumentos del tipo viento. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de recolección primaria de la información: encuesta e historia clínica odontológica completa. El Análisis estadístico de la información fue realizado en SPSS v21. Resultados: se observó una prevalencia del 100% en lesiones de tipo traumática en tejidos blandos. Se identificó en mucosa labial superior una alteración hipertrófica con forma triangular en zona central que se presentó en el 76,92% de la muestra y en mucosa labial inferior una lesión depresiva en un 46,15%. Estas alteraciones no habían sido reportadas en la literatura científica al igual que el sabor asociado al instrumento con un 38,46%. El apiñamiento dental tuvo una prevalencia del 38,46% seguido de microfracturas dentales con un 30,77% y las alteraciones articulares con ruidos en ATM 69,23 %. Conclusión: El estudio evidencia la presencia de múltiples lesiones y alteraciones en estructuras estomatológicas que limitan en algunas ocasiones la adecuada ejecución del instrumento. Palabras clave: Instrumentos musicales, músicos, Lesiones estomatologicas, Lesiones orofaciales, salud bucal.
Analiza ofert wybranych gospodarstw agroturystycznych powiatu gnieźnieńskiego oraz ich wpływ na zainteresowanie konsumentów produktami turystycznymi
Authors: Wojcieszak Monika
Published: April 2018

Celem opracowania było przedstawienie opinii respondentów (gości) na temat oferty gospodarstw agroturystycznych zlokalizowanych w powiecie gnieźnieńskim i należących do Wielkopolskiego Towarzystwa Agroturystyki i Turystyki Wiejskiej. W opracowaniu określono także powody wyboru wsi na miejsce wypoczynku oraz zaprezentowano preferowane przez gości sposoby spędzania czasu. Badania empiryczne zostały przeprowadzone wśród gości (turystów), którzy wypoczywali w tych gospodarstwach. Metodą badań był sondaż diagnostyczny z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. Badane gospodarstwa oferowały turystom atrakcyjne produkty agroturystyczne. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż respondenci wypoczywający w gospodarstwach agroturystycznych wskazali, że powodem tego wyboru jest możliwość aktywnego wypoczynku, bliskość natury, świeże powietrze oraz spożywanie posiłków przygotowanych przez właścicieli. Ważnym aspektem dla turystów była także dobra infrastruktura okołoturystyczna, która sprzyja uprawianiu różnych aktywności. Badani podkreślili także, iż niski koszt wypoczynku powoduje, że preferują wyjazdy weekendowe kilka razy w ciągu roku.
Uczestnictwo w imprezach biegowych jako forma rekreacji ruchowej
Authors: Parzonko Anna , Szuba Martyna
Published: April 2018

Celem opracowania była próba zdefiniowania pojęcia turystyki biegowej oraz poznanie motywów, jakimi kierują się amatorzy biegania w swoich decyzjach o uczestnictwie w imprezach biegowych oraz kryteriów decydujących o wyborze konkretnego biegu. Wyjaśniono pojęcie turystyki biegowej oraz zaprezentowano związki istniejące między bieganiem amatorskim a turystyką. Na podstawie analizy pozyskanego za pomocą ankiety materiału empirycznego stwierdzono, że wielu biegaczy amatorów bierze udział w imprezach biegowych nie po to, by walczyć o wynik czy poznawać nowe miejsca, lecz dla dobrej zabawy, atmosfery oraz możliwości ciekawego spędzenia wolnego czasu wśród ludzi o podobnych zainteresowaniach. Czynnikiem wpływającym w największym stopniu na atrakcyjność imprezy biegowej jest cena wpisowego, dostępność komunikacyjna i rodzaj biegu.
Tourism in the bio-economy of Poland (regional perspective)
Authors: Przezbórska-Skobiej Lucyna
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of the paper was to determine a place of tourism in the bioeconomy of the Polish regions as well as spatial analysis of smart specializations of the regions regarding tourism and recreation activities. The paper is based on the review of strategic documents, expertise and scientific papers. The analysis shows that bio-economy in has been directly indicated as smart specialization only two provinces of Poland and tourism development is usually associated with the development of medicine and health services.
Koncepcja pomiaru poziomu relacji inwestorskich na przykładzie spółek sektora spożywczego notowanych na GPW w Warszawie
Authors: Dmitruk Joanna
Published: April 2018

W artykule zaprezentowano autorską koncepcję pomiaru poziomu relacji inwestorskich spółek sektora spożywczego notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. Badane przedsiębiorstwa oceniono w każdym z czterech obszarów jakości relacji inwestorskich: zawartość merytoryczna stron internetowych, kontakt bezpośredni, informacje finansowe i informacje pozafinansowe. Uzyskane wyniki uporządkowano według modeli prowadzenia relacji inwestorskich.
Rolnictwo ekologiczne w Polsce i perspektywy jego rozwoju w kontekście PROW 2014–2020
Authors: Trajer Marzena , Krzyżanowska Krystyna
Published: April 2018

Celem opracowania było określenie pozycji polskiego rolnictwa ekologicznego na tle rolnictwa ekologicznego w Unii Europejskiej (UE), regionalnego rozmieszczenia producentów ekologicznych w Polsce, a także rozpoznanie zakresu wsparcia finansowego w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w latach 2014–2020. W artykule wykorzystano dane wtórne i zastosowano metodę analizy porównawczej. Pod względem liczby gospodarstw ekologicznych Polska w 2015 r. zajęła szóstą pozycję w UE. Z analizy wynika, że najwięcej wniosków o dofinansowanie produkcji ekologicznej w ramach działania „Rolnictwo ekologiczne” zostało zrealizowanych w województwach z największą liczbą gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce, a więc zachodniopomorskim, warmińsko-mazurskim i podlaskim.