bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,2,4‐Triazine N‐Oxides
Authors: Kozhevnikov D. N. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Captodative Aminoalkenes
Authors: Rulev A. Yu.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multivalent Cyclooligosaccharides: Versatile Carbohydrate Clusters with Dual Role as Molecular Receptors and Lectin Ligands
Authors: Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Defaye Jacques , Garcia Fernandez Jose M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Engineering of NLO Materials Based on Metal—Organic Coordination Networks
Authors: Evans Owen R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mechanisms of in situ Activation for DNA‐Targeting Antitumor Agents
Authors: Wolkenberg Scott E. , Boger Dale L.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: Structure and Function
Authors: Rabenstein Dallas L.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ab initio Studies on the Mechanism of the Size‐Dependent Hydrogen‐Loss Reaction in Mg+(H2O)n.
Authors: Siu Chi‐Kit , Liu Zhi‐Feng
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calculation of Resonances and Product State Distributions for the Unimolecular Dissociation of H2S
Authors: Zhang Hong , Smith Sean C.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CsPb3Bi3Te8 and CsPb4Bi3Te9: Low‐Dimensional Compounds and the Homologous Series CsPbmBi3Te5+m.
Authors: Hsu Kuei‐Fang , Lal Sangeeta , Hogan Tim , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Nano‐Crystalline LiFe0.97Co0.03O1.95Cl0.05 by Solid‐State Method.
Authors: Lee Yun Sung , Sun Yang Kook , Kobayakawa Koichi , Sao Yuichi
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Template Preparation of AgBiS2 Nanowhiskers.
Authors: Xie Bo , Yuan Shengwen , Jiang Yang , Lu Jun , Li Qing , Wu Yue , Yu Weichao , Zhang Houbo , Qian Yitai
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Nucleophilic Carbene Catalyst for the Asymmetric Benzoin Condensation.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Kallfass Ulrike
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Azapolycyclic Systems via the Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2‐(Alkylthio)‐5‐amidofurans.
Authors: Padwa Albert , Ginn John D. , Bur Scott K. , Eidell Cheryl K. , Lynch Stephen M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Phthalides and 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarins Using the Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Benzannulation Strategy.
Authors: Kawasaki Taishi , Saito Shinichi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Lactones via Nickel‐ and Zinc‐Catalyzed Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Cyclization of 2‐Iodobenzyl Alcohols with Propiolates.
Authors: Rayabarapu Dinseh Kumar , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thallium Trinitrate Mediated Oxidation of 3‐Alkenols: Ring Contraction vs Cyclization.
Authors: Ferraz Helena M. C. , Longo Jr. Luiz S. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Arylalkoxyphthalimides
Authors: Rajora Sonal , Baregama Lalit Kumar , Talesara G. L.
Published: May 2010

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Cyanamide Synthesis by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of a Si—N Bond.
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Jin Tienan , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

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Microwave‐Assisted Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Sodium Tetraphenylborate with Aroyl Chlorides on Palladium‐Doped KF/Al2O3.
Authors: Wang Jin‐Xian , Yang Yihua , Wei Bangguo , Hu Yulai , Fu Ying
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleophilic Addition of Secondary Nitro Compounds to Acetylene.
Authors: Kukharev Boris F. , Stankevich Valery K. , Klimenko Galina R.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free and One‐Step Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketones and Aldehydes by Zinc Oxide.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Hosseini Mona
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coupling Reaction of Azulenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolanes with Haloazulenes
Authors: Kurotobi Kei , Tabata Hiroshi , Miyauchi Masato , Murafuji Toshihiro , Sugihara Yoshikazu
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some Aspects of Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloalkenylation: Developments of Environmentally Benign Catalytic Conditions and Demonstration of Tandem Cycloalkenylation.
Authors: Toyota Masahiro , Rudyanto Marcellino , Ihara Masataka
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2,4,6,8‐Tetraiodo‐2,4,6,8‐tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐3,7‐dione as a Mild and Convenient Reagent for Iodination of Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Chaikovski V. K. , Filimonov V. D. , Yagovkin A. Yu. , Ogorodnikov V. D.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Approach to Mannich‐Type Products Using Aldimine, α,β‐Unsaturated Ester, and Hydrosilane.
Authors: Muraoka Takako , Kamiya Shin‐ichi , Matsuda Isamu , Itoh Kenji
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tertiary Pentyl Groups Enhance Salen Titanium Catalyst for Highly Enantioselective Trimethylsilylcyanation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Liang Sidney , Bu Xiu R.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Coupling of Thiols to Disulfides by Piperazinium Dichromate.
Authors: Movassagh B. , Lakouraj M. M. , Ghodrati K.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Practical Preparation of 2‐Carboxyphenylboronic Acid and Its Application for the Preparation of Biaryl‐2‐carboxylic Acids Using Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Tao Bin , Goel Subhash C. , Singh Jagvir , Boykin David W.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
9‐Isothiocyanatoanthracene as a Versatile Starting Compound in the Chemistry of Anthracen‐9‐yl Derivatives.
Authors: Janovec Ladislav , Suchar Gejza , Imrich Jan , Kristian Pavol , Sasinkova Vlasta , Alfoldi Juraj , Sedlak Erik
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation Using Zr(salen) Complex as Catalyst.
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Uchida Tatsuya , Ito Katsuji , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: May 2010

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A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Furans.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Alizadeh Abdolali
Published: May 2010

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Isatin β‐Ethyleneketals as Psychotropics.
Authors: Zhunghietu Grigore
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Carbamoylbenzothiazoles.
Authors: Yarovenko V. N. , Stoyanovich F. M. , Zolotarskaya O. Yu. , Chernoburova E. I. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krayushkin M. M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐(1‐Benzotriazolyl)‐5‐nitrophthalonitrile as a Highly Active Substrate in Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Smirnov Alexey V. , Abramov Igor G. , Plakhtinskii Vladimir V. , Krasovskaya Galina G.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Bromo Derivatives of Flavones.
Authors: Rho Ho Sik , Ko Byoung‐Seob , Kim Ho Kyoung , Ju Young‐Sung
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some of the Antibacterial Compounds from 4‐Hydroxycoumarins. Part 2.
Authors: Mulwad V. V. , Shirodkar J. M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium(III) Complex‐Catalyzed Tandem Carbonyl‐Ene Reaction: An Efficient Construction of Tetrahydropyran Rings.
Authors: Loh Teck‐Peng , Feng Li‐Chun , Yang Jian‐Ying
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper(I) Catalysts for the Stereoselective Addition of N‐Chloroamines to Double Bonds: A Diastereoselective Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Heuger Gerold , Kalsow Stefanie , Goettlich Richard
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
8‐Methoxyquinolines as PDE4 Inhibitors.
Authors: Sabin Verity , et al. et al.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Bridgehead Heterocyclic Compounds Thenoyl‐Substituted. Part 1. Indolizines and Benzoindolizines.
Authors: Georgescu Emilian I. , Georgescu Florentina , Roibu Constantin , Draghici Constantin C. , Caproiu Miron T.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2,4‐Triazines in Organic Synthesis. Part 17. Tandem Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen/Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,2,4‐Triazines into Functionalized Cycloalkenopyridines.
Authors: Branowska Danuta , Ostrowski Stanislaw , Rykowski Andrzej
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses, Characterization and Fluorescence Study of Some Novel Naphthalimide Derivatives.
Authors: Singh Yashveer , Misra Arvind , Misra Krishna
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of New Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Khan M. S. Y. , Gupta M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of New Substituted Pyrimidine Thione Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Abd El‐Ghaffar Nahed F. , Kassab Rafika R. S. , Soliman Fekria M. A.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hetarynic Synthesis and Chemical Transformation of Dihydrodipyridopyrazines.
Authors: Blanchard Stephanie , Rodriguez Ivan , Kuehm‐Caubere Catherine , Renard Pierre , Pfeiffer Bruno , Guillaumet Gerald , Caubere Paul
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Fused Quinoxalines.
Authors: Ponizovsky Michail G. , Boguslavsky Artem M. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Nucleophilic Addition to Vinylphosphonates. Part 3.
Authors: Afarinkia Kamyar , De Pascale Egizia
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Synthesis of the Antifungal Oidiolactone C from trans‐Communic Acid: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity in Podolactone‐Related Compounds.
Authors: Barrero Alejandro F. , Arseniyadis Simeon , Quilez del Moral Jose F. , Herrador M. Mar , Valdivia M. , Jimenez D.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of Novel 4‐tert‐Alkyl Ether Proline‐Based 16‐ and 17‐Membered Macrocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Chen Kevin X. , Njoroge F. George , Vibulbhan Bancha , Buevich Alexei , Chan Tze‐Ming , Girijavallabhan Viyyoor
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Organo‐Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Amination of Aldehydes — A Simple Approach to Optically Active α‐Amino Aldehydes, α‐Amino Alcohols, and α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Boegevig Anders , Juhl Karsten , Kumaragurubaran Nagaswamy , Zhuang Wei , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium‐Induced Addition of Bromomethylacrylates to Phthaloyl‐Protected Amino Aldehydes.
Authors: Steurer Steffen , Podlech Joachim
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Cyclic and Bicyclic β‐Amino Acids Derivatives from Methyl 6‐Ethoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazine‐4‐carboxylate.
Authors: Tishkov Alexander A. , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Ioffe Sema L.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Amino Sugars. Routes to Selectively Protected 3‐Amino‐3‐deoxy‐aldopentoses Based on Pyridinium Salt Photochemistry.
Authors: Lu Haiyan , Su Zhuoyi , Song Ling , Mariano Patrick S.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Water‐Soluble Constituents of Dill
Authors: Ishikawa Toru , Kudo Masato , Kitajima Junichi
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vitamin D3: Synthesis of seco‐C‐9,11‐bisnor‐17‐Methyl‐1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues.
Authors: Wu Yusheng , De Clercq Pierre , Vandewalle Maurits , Bouillon Roger , Verstuyf Annemieke
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of the Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Grignard Reagents and C(sp2) Halides Catalyzed by Nickel—Phosphine Complexes.
Authors: Tamao Kohei
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Hayashi Tamio
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Historical Note of the Stille Reaction.
Authors: Kosugi Masanori , Fugami Keigo
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Organoboron Compounds via Base‐Assisted Transmetalation to Palladium(II) Complexes.
Authors: Miyaura Norio
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Cascade and Multiple Cross‐Coupling Reactions for the Efficient Construction of Complex Molecules.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Nueske Hanno , Stulgies Baldur
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Directed ortho Metalation—Cross Coupling Symbiosis. Regioselective Methodologies for Biaryls and Heterobiaryls. Deployment in Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Anctil Eric J.‐G. , Snieckus Victor
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Frontier in the Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction Field. The Palladium‐Promoted Metal—Carbon Bond Formation. Scope and Mechanism of a New Tool in Organometallic Synthesis.
Authors: Ricci Antonella , Sterzo Claudio Lo
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions for the Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel Organic Materials.
Authors: Schiedel Marc‐Steffen , Briehn Christoph A. , Baeuerle Peter
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Micro Reactors: Principles and Applications in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Fletcher Paul D. I. , Haswell Stephen J. , Pombo‐Villar Esteban , Warrington Brian H. , Watts Paul , Wong Stephanie Y. F. , Zhang Xunli
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Aspects of Implantation of High‐Energy Ions into Polymeric Materials
Authors: Sviridov D. V.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Fasciolicidal Activity of 5‐Chloro‐2‐methylthio‐6‐(1‐naphthyloxy)‐1H‐benzimidazole.
Authors: Hernandez‐Campos Alicia , Ibarra‐Velarde Froylan , Vera‐Montenegro Yolanda , Rivera‐Fernandez Norma , Castillo Rafael
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Effective Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐Sulfenamoylbenzoates and 1,2‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐ones that Uses 1,2‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐one as a Leaving Group.
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Sugano Yoshinori , Konakahara Takeo , Gama Yasuo , Shibuya Isao
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles Mediated by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).
Authors: Tale R. H.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of N‐(1,2,4‐Triazole‐4‐yl)‐N′‐ (fluorine‐containing‐phenyl)carbamimidothioates.
Authors: Cui Dawei , Li Zhibin , Song Gonghua , Qian Xuhong
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 1,2,3‐Dithiazoles with Halogenated Malononitriles.
Authors: Christoforou Irene C. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Rees Charles W.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elemental Iodine Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of o‐Quinomethanes: An Efficient Synthesis of trans‐Fused Pyrano[3,2‐c]benzopyrans.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu Singh , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Rao C. Venkateswara , Rao K. Vishweshwar
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of 9‐Amino‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene‐8,10‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Sharma Kamalesh K. , Krupadanam G. L. David
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Spiro‐1‐pyrazolines by the Reaction of Z‐3‐Arylidene‐1‐thioflavanones with Diazomethane.
Authors: Levai Albert
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cross‐Coupling Between 3‐Pyridylmagnesium Chlorides and Heteroaromatic Halides.
Authors: Bonnet Veronique , Mongin Florence , Trecourt Francois , Breton Gilles , Marsais Francis , Knochel Paul , Queguiner Guy
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of a Selective Y5 Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Guery Sebastien , Rival Yveline , Wermuth Camille G.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Applications of Baylis—Hillman Chemistry: One‐Pot Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized (1H)‐Quinol‐2‐ones and Quinolines.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Reddy Ravi Mallikarjuna , Kumaragurubaran Nagaswamy , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On the Mechanism of Reaction Between Ketones and Nitriles. Unexpected Results from Benzyl Nitriles.
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Martinez‐Alvarez Roberto , Ramiro Pedro , Chioua Mourad , Torres Rosario
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Methoxy‐5‐oxo‐6‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐isothiazolo[5,4‐b]‐1,4‐thiazine 7,7‐Dioxide, the First Representative of a New Heterocyclic System.
Authors: Voskoboev N. V. , Gerasyuto A. I. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photocycloaddition of Phthalimide Anion to Alkenes — A Highly Efficient, Convergent Method for [2]Benzazepine Synthesis.
Authors: Suau Rafael , Sanchez‐Sanchez Cristobal , Garcia‐Segura Rafael , Perez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Thieno[b]azepinediones from α‐Methylene Ketones.
Authors: Migianu Evelyne , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Ketene Acetal Triflates and Organozinc Reagents. Application to the Iterative Synthesis of Polycyclic Ethers.
Authors: Kadota Isao , Takamura Hiroyoshi , Sato Kumi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inhibition of Cytopathic Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type‐1 by Various Phorbol Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Mekkawy Sahar , Meselhy Meselhy Ragab , Abdel‐Hafez Atef Abdel‐Monem , Nakamura Norio , Hattori Masao , Kawahata Takuya , Otake Toru
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exploration of Peptidyl Hydrazones as Water‐Soluble Calpain Inhibitors.
Authors: Nakamura Masayuki , Inoue Jun
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bidentate Camphane Phosphine Phosphinites as Ligands in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Dehydroamino Acids.
Authors: Monsees Axel , Laschat Sabine
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Nitration of 1‐Acyl‐4‐methoxyindolines Leads to Efficient Synthesis of a Photolabile L‐Glutamate Precursor.
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Corrie John E. T.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of α‐C‐Glycosides from Glycals.
Authors: Parrish J. D. , Little R. Daniel
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solution‐Phase Library Synthesis of Furanoses.
Authors: Krueger Elaine B. , Hopkins Thutam P. , Keaney Meghan T. , Walters Michael A. , Boldi Armen M.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Umpolung Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐C‐aryl Glycosides: A Serendipitous, Efficient Route for C‐Furanoside Analogues.
Authors: Vijayasaradhi S. , Aidhen Indrapal Singh
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Glycosides from the Japanese Fern Hymenophyllum barbatum
Authors: Toyota Masao , Oiso Yasushi , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition of Malonyl Radicals to Glycals with C‐1 Acceptor Groups: Remarkable Influence of the Substituents on the Product Distribution.
Authors: Gyollai Viktor , Schanzenbach Dirk , Somsak Laszlo , Linker Torsten
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of C12,N13 Heterocyclic Bridged Fused Indenopyrrolocarbazoles.
Authors: Underiner Ted L. , Mallamo John P. , Singh Jasbir
Published: May 2010

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Synthesis of 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐(fur‐2‐oyl), ‐(thien‐2‐oyl), and ‐(pyrid‐2‐oyl)thiazoles.
Authors: Devi S. K. Chithralekha , Rajasekharan K. N.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cytostatic Activities of New 6‐Substituted Purinylcarbonucleosides Derived from Indan.
Authors: Fernandez Franco , Garcia‐Mera Xerardo , Morales Malvin , Rodriguez‐Borges Jose E. , De Clercq Eric
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Centrolobine.
Authors: Colobert Francoise , Des Mazery Renaud , Solladie Guy , Carreno M. Carmen
Published: May 2010

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First Synthesis of Caerulomycin B. A New Synthesis of Caerulomycin C.
Authors: Mongin Florence , Trecourt Francois , Gervais Bruno , Mongin Olivier , Queguiner Guy
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cephalosporin‐Derived Inhibitors of β‐Lactamase. Part 4. The C3 Substituent.
Authors: Buynak John D. , Vogeti Lakshminarayana , Doppalapudi Venkata Ramana , Solomon George Martin , Chen Hansong
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Morphological Control of MCM‐41 by Pseudomorphic Synthesis.
Authors: Martin T. , Galarneau A. , Di Renzo F. , Fajula F. , Plee D.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines Containing Diverse N‐7 Substituents as Potent Inhibitors of Lck.
Authors: Calderwood David J. , Johnston David N. , Munschauer Rainer , Rafferty Paul
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds Based on Isothiocyanate Derivatives of Perfluoroolefins
Authors: Furin G. G. , Zhuzhgov E. L.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Methods for Preparation of γ‐ and δ‐Oxo Acids as Useful Synthons for Heterocycles
Authors: Csende Ferenc , Stajer Geza
Published: May 2010

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Heteroatom Chemistry of Cyclic Benzopolychalcogenides: Synthesis and Characterization.
Authors: Sato Ryu
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Basic Concepts of “Cation Pool” and “Cation Flow” Methods and Their Applications in Conventional and Combinatorial Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Suga Seiji
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effects of rice straw–derived dissolved organic matter on pyrene sorption by soil
Authors: Zhou Jiangmin , Chen Hualin , Huang Weilin
Published: May 2010

The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the chemical and structural properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from aerobic decay of rice straw and to quantify the effect of the DOM on the sorption of pyrene on soil. The DOM samples were obtained from microcosms incubated at 0, 21, 63, and 180 d. The bulk DOM samples were fractionated to four fractions: hydrophilic matter (HIM), acid-insoluble matter (AIM), hydrophobic acid (HOA), and hydrophobic neutral (HON) fractions. The bulk DOM and the four DOM fractions were characterized for their elemental compositions and functionalities. The results showed that HIM had the highest H/C atomic ratios, whereas HOA and AIM had the lowest H/C atomic ratios. These DOM samples were used as the background DOMs in the initial aqueous solutions for measuring sorption of pyrene on a paddy soil. The results indicated that, among the four DOM fractions, HOA, HON, and AIM significantly lowered the pyrene sorption coefficients, but HIM had little or no effect on the pyrene sorption by the soil. It appears that less polar AIM and HON had stronger binding affinities for pyrene in water, reducing the sorption coefficient for the soil, whereas more polar and less aromatic HIM had much weaker binding affinity for pyrene in water, causing little or no effect on the pyrene sorption by the soil. The present study showed that rice straw–derived DOM may enhance desorption and transport of organic pollutants in soil–water systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1967–1975. © 2010 SETAC
Relationship between biotic ligand model-based water quality criteria and avoidance and olfactory responses to copper by fish
Authors: Meyer Joseph S. , Adams William J.
Published: May 2010

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) water quality criteria for Cu were tested to determine whether they protect fish against neurophysiological impairment. From published studies with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), 20% inhibition concentrations (IC20s) were calculated for avoidance of Cu-containing water and for impairment of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electro-olfactogram (EOG) responses to natural odorants in Cu-containing water. Additionally, a Cu-olfactory biotic ligand model (BLM) that fits the coho salmon EOG data was parameterized by changing the sensitivity parameter in the ionoregulatory-based BLM. The IC20s calculated from reported Cu avoidance, EEG, and EOG data and IC20s predicted by the olfactory BLM were compared with acute and chronic Cu criteria calculated using U.S. EPA's BLM 2007 or hardness-adjustment equations. The BLM-based chronic criteria were protective in all 16 exposure water–species combinations used in avoidance and olfaction experiments. Additionally, the BLM-based acute criteria were protective in all 11 exposure water–species combinations in which comparisons could be made with olfactory BLM-predicted IC20s but not in two of the 16 exposure water–species combinations in which comparisons could be made with the reported IC20s (which were ≤8% lower than but did not differ significantly from the BLM-based acute criteria; p > 0.05). In effect, the olfactory BLM factored out the relatively high variability in the reported IC20s. It is concluded that the U.S. EPA's BLM-based water quality criteria for Cu protect against these types of neurophysiological impairment in the six species–endpoint combinations analyzed in this paper. However, the U.S. EPA's hardness-based criteria for Cu sometimes were considerably underprotective and sometimes were much less protective than the BLM-based criteria. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2096–2103. © 2010 SETAC
Perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity, isomer-specific accumulation, and maternal transfer in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Sharpe Rainie L. , Benskin Jonathan P. , Laarman Anne H. , MacLeod Sherri L. , Martin Jonathan W. , Wong Charles S. , Goss Greg G.
Published: May 2010

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; C8F17SO 3−) bioaccumulation and toxicity have been demonstrated in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The majority of investigations have examined total PFOS concentrations in wildlife and in toxicity testing, but isomer-specific monitoring studies are less common, and no laboratory-based study of PFOS isomer accumulation in fish has been reported. The present study examined accumulation and maternal transfer of PFOS isomers in zebrafish and tissue-specific accumulation of PFOS isomers in trout parr. A median lethal dose (LC50) of 22.2 and 2.5 mg/L was calculated for adult zebrafish and trout parr, respectively. A two-week PFOS exposure resulted in tissue-specific PFOS accumulation in trout, with maximum concentrations identified in the liver tissue (>50 µg/g). Prior exposure to PFOS as alevin did not affect the accumulation of PFOS in tissues later in life. In both species, accumulation of branched PFOS isomers generally occurred to a lesser extent than linear PFOS, which may explain the relative deficiency of branched PFOS isomers in some aquatic species in the field. Analysis of exposed trout tissues indicated that isomer discrimination may occur at the level of elimination or uptake and elimination processes in the kidney or gill, respectively. When zebrafish underwent a reproductive cycle in the presence of PFOS, approximately 10% (wt) of the adult PFOS body burden was transferred to the developing embryos, resulting in a higher total PFOS concentration in eggs (116 ± 13.3 µg/g) than in the parent fish (72.1 ± 7.6 µg/g). The isomer profile in eggs was not significantly different from that of adults, suggesting that the maternal transfer of branched and linear PFOS isomers in fish is largely nonisomer specific. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1957–1966. © 2010 SETAC
A new multilevel algebraic preconditioner for the diffusion equation in heterogeneous media
Authors: Kuznetsov Yu , Prokopenko A.
Published: May 2010

We develop and analyze a new multilevel preconditioner for algebraic systems arising from the finite volume discretization of 3D diffusion–reaction problems in highly heterogeneous media. The system matrices are assumed to be symmetric M‐matrices. The preconditioner is based on a special coarsening algorithm and the inner Chebyshev iterative procedure. The condition number of the preconditioned matrix does not depend on the coefficients in the diffusion operator. Numerical experiments confirm theoretical results and reveal the competitiveness of the new preconditioner with respect to a well‐known algebraic multigrid preconditioner. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using ellipsometry for the evaluation of surface damage and sputtering yield in organic films with irradiation of argon cluster ion beams
Authors: Hada Masaki , Ninomiya Satoshi , Seki Toshio , Aoki Takaaki , Matsuo Jiro
Published: May 2010

The film thickness and surface damage layer of vapor‐deposited L‐leucine amino acid films irradiated with Ar cluster ion beams were characterized by PSCRA ellipsometry. The damaged layer on the surface of the L‐leucine film irradiated with Ar cluster ion beam was quite thin, less than 1 nm in thickness. In contrast, films irradiated with Ar monomer ion beam have changed into totally different films. The ellipsometry method also allowed accurate measurements of the sputtering yield from the L‐leucine film irradiated with Ar cluster ion beams at nm‐order resolution. These results suggested that with proper analysis, the optical method of ellipsometry enables estimation of the surface damage layer and measurement of sputtering yield of organic films irradiated with cluster ion beams. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface analysis of polyvinyl chloride bombarded by Ar+ and charged water droplets
Authors: Hiraoka Kenzo , Iijima Yoshitoki , Sakai Yuji
Published: May 2010

A comparative study of 500 eV Ar+ ion impact and the electrospray droplet impact (EDI) applied to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was made. In EDI, the charged electrospray water droplets are introduced in vacuum, accelerated and allowed to impact the sample. The samples, after etching by Ar+ and EDI, were examined by XPS. While chlorine is selectively etched by Ar+ ion impact, the XPS spectra did not change with prolonged charged water droplets irradiation, i.e. EDI is capable of surface etching with little damage of the sample after irradiation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an energy‐resolved method for SIMS in‐depth analysis of metal–polymer interfaces
Authors: Téllez Helena , Vadillo José M. , Laserna J. Javier
Published: May 2010

Energy‐resolved SIMS depth profiling has been succesfully applied in the analysis of Al‐metalized polypropylene films used in the capacitor industry. The accurate identification of the metal–polymer interface was not straightforward due to the simultaneous contribution of isobaric ions coming from each layer (27Al+/43AlO+ ions from the aluminium layer and 27C2H3+/43C3H7+ from the polymer substrate). Kinetic energy filtering by means of a 45° electrostatic analyzer (ESA) has allowed the resolution of the metal‐polymer interface by selecting a suitable kinetic energy corresponding to the ions generated in the metallized layer but not on the polymer. Owing to the dielectric polymeric substrate, charge effects might be produced during depth profiling. These charge buildup effects are minimized by flooding the surface with low‐energy electrons (500 eV) and a specific sample‐mounting procedure assuring grounded conditions. The excellent repeatability and sensibility of the technique allows studying the degradative process in the capacitor films and the accurate location of the metal–polymer interface, and therefore, the nanometric metal thickness variations. These factors drastically affect the capacitor's performance and they will determine the potential failures that could be developed during the capacitor's life cycle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Multimodal Clinical Pathway Can Reduce Length of Stay after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ayalon Omri , Liu Spencer , Flics Susan , Cahill Janet , Juliano Karen , Cornell Charles N.
Published: May 2010

Clinical pathways reduce length of stay which is critical for hospitals to remain financially sound. We sought to determine if a multimodal pathway focusing on pre-op discharge planning and pre-emptive pain and nausea management lead to reduced length of stay, better pain management, and more rapid functional gains without an increase in post-op complications. A multimodal pathway incorporating pre-op discharge planning and pre-emptive pain and nausea management was initiated in August of 2007. Physical therapy began the day of surgery. Two hundred eleven patients treated over a 3-month period with the new pathway were compared to 192 patients treated in the last 3 months of an older pathway. Length of stay, VAS scores for pain, and the incidence of nausea were compared. Length of time to achieve functional milestones while in hospital and the incidence of complications out to 6 months were compared. Average length of stay was reduced by 0.26 days. VAS scores for pain were lower. Several functional milestones were achieved earlier and complications were not increased. Efforts to control nausea were not successful and severe nausea was experienced in 40% of patients in both groups. This enhanced pathway can lead to an important reduction in length of stay. Although this reduction seems small, it can significantly increase patient throughput and increase hospital capacity. Post-op nausea continues to be an impediment in patient care after TKR.
Urban Space and Literary Type: On Haipai Literature as a Literary Type
Authors: Yang YANG
Published: May 2010

As a southern literature in China, Haipai Literature is rich with local characteristics. Nevertheless, it transcends any local restrictions at the same time, in the sense that it reflects the features of modern urban literature. Haipai Literature represents the earliest efforts and attempts of modern urban literature in China, manifesting the complexities of modern Chinese literature. As a new literary paradigm, Haipai Literature is not only flexible and innovative, but also adaptable to the modern urban life, becoming a modern mechanism of literary production and delivery. All literature-related systems, such as the earliest remuneration system, professional writers, literary magazines, newspaper supplements, were concentrated in Shanghai. These systems reflect from one profile the unique value and significance of Haipai Literature in the history of Chinese literature. To study Haipai Literature does not mean to reminisce, but to reexamine and make use of historical resources in the systemic innovation of modern literary mechanism. From the emergence and development of Haipai Literature, in the typological sense, it could be drawn that what kind of inner and outer premises are needed in the development of a new type of literature.
Literary Criticism, Public Space, and Social Justice
Authors: Jun WU
Published: May 2010

Taking the profound impacts of generalized system, new electronic media, and subculture into consideration, this paper holds that, presently China has entered an era of comprehensive social transition, along with the tendency that the era of the former unified or centralized literature (criticism) values will come to an end. For this reason, literary criticism will probably go into public space in a generalized form. The formation and bearing of public reason and social justice or moral law should become the conscious duty of current literary criticism. This article, whose textbook cases arise, in the main, out of Renmin wenxue put out from 1949 to 1976, states how the accredited commission to write on the given topics in the general sense has acquired the special status of political culture, and therefore assumed the specially-designated significance, function and value in the literary institution of modern China. And organizing manuscripts not only occupies a direct role in being involved in the creation of literature, but also makes a subtly different history of literature that gives a reflection of the politically motivating force for the authorized literary compositions.
Online-Datenbanken und systematische Metaanalysen komplex-genetischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Lill C.M. , Bertram L.
Published: May 2010

Die Suszeptibilität komplex-genetischer Erkrankungen wird durch eine unbekannte Anzahl genetischer Faktoren bestimmt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind Hunderte von Suszeptibilitätsloci für die Alzheimer-Krankheit (AD), das idiopathische Parkinson-Syndrom (PD), Schizophrenie (SZ) und multiple Sklerose (MS) beschrieben worden. Diese schwierig zu überschauende Datenlage für jede dieser Erkrankungen wird kompliziert durch die ansteigende Zahl genomweiter Assoziationsstudien. Um die Evaluation und Interpretation der Ergebnisse zu erleichtern, haben wir Internet-Datenbanken für genetische Assoziationsstudien in AD, PD, SZ und MS generiert. Neben einer detailierten Synopse aller verfügbaren Studien bieten die Datenbanken allel-basierte Metaanalysen der Polymorphismen, zu denen ausreichende Daten vorliegen. In diesem Review stellen wir anhand der Datenbanken für AD (AlzGene) und PD (PDGene) den Hintergrund und die Implikationen dieses Ansatzes vor.
Kinder aus suchtbelasteten Familien
Authors: Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael
Published: May 2010

Einleitung

In Deutschland sind epidemiologischen Studien zufolge 2,65 Millionen Kinder von Eltern mit einer alkoholbezogenen Störung und weitere etwa 60.000 Kinder von opiatabhängigen Eltern betroffen. Diese Kinder sind einer Vielzahl an Risikofaktoren ausgesetzt, die eine psychopathogene Entwicklung begünstigen können. Dennoch existieren auch protektive Faktoren, die in der praktischen Arbeit mit Kindern gefördert werden sollen. Bislang sind jedoch kaum standardisierte und evaluierte Programme für betroffene Kinder vorhanden.
Behandlung der Tabakabhängigkeit
Authors: Kufeld Claudia , Bühringer Gerhard
Published: May 2010

Einleitung

Rauchen ist ein Risikofaktor für verschiedene gesundheitliche Schädigungen und vorzeitige Todesfälle. In Deutschland sind 35,8% der erwachsenen Männer und 27,8% der Frauen aktuelle Raucher (30-Tage Prävalenz), davon rauchen 36,6% täglich 20 Zigaretten und mehr (Baumeister et al., 2008). Viele Raucher äußern den Wunsch, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören, jedoch gelingt dies in Eigeninitiative langfristig nur einem kleinen Teil (Hughes et al., 2003). Derzeit stehen verschiedene wirksame Möglichkeiten der Hilfen für die Tabakentwöhnung zur Verfügung, die im Folgenden kurz dargestellt werden.
Essstörungen - Formen, Verbreitung und Risikofaktoren
Authors: Zeeck Almut
Published: May 2010

Einleitung

Essstörungen (Magersucht und Bulimie) betreffen vor allem Mädchen und junge Frauen und haben gravierende Folgen auf körperlicher, psychischer und sozialer Ebene. In ca. 50-60% der Fälle kommt es zu Heilungen und in ca. 15-20% zu chronischen Verläufen. Die Magersucht geht mit einer 10fach erhöhten Mortalität einher. Prävention, Früherkennung und frühen therapeutischen Intervention kommt daher eine große Bedeutung zu.
Glücksspielsucht: Problemausmaß, Risikofaktoren und Spielerschutz
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Meyer Gerhard
Published: May 2010

Einleitung

Epidemiologische Befunde zeigen, dass in Deutschland 252.000 bis 640.000 Personen mit einer Glücksspielproblematik leben. Bei Männern und Personen jüngeren Alters ist das Risiko für die Entwicklung glücksspielbezogener Belastungen erhöht. Die Einführung des Glücksspielstaatsvertrages bedeutet einen grundsätzlich zu begrüßenden Paradigmenwechsel in Sachen Spielerschutz. Allerdings besteht regulatorischer Nachbesserungsbedarf, vor allem aufgrund der Ausklammerung des gewerblichen Automatenspiels.
Vitamin D–vitamin K interaction: effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a sensitive measure of vitamin K status, in Danish girls
Authors: O'Connor Eibhlís , Mølgaard Christian , Michaelsen Kim F. , Jakobsen Jette , Cashman Kevin D.
Published: May 2010

There is some evidence for a nutritional interaction between vitamin D and vitamin K status. We have recently reported that serum percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC; a marker of vitamin K status) was inversely correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration (reflective of vitamin D status) in healthy Danish girls (aged 11–12 years), in line with a similar relationship reported in elderly women. While the causal nature of the relationship between vitamin D status and serum %ucOC has been tested in studies of elderly women, it has not been investigated in children. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that improving vitamin D status significantly lowers serum %ucOC. Serum samples from sixty-seven healthy Danish girls (aged 11–12 years), who participated in a 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, vitamin D3intervention trial were used for the present study. These girls were a subset of subjects which began and finished the intervention during wintertime, thus avoiding the influence of seasonality on vitamin D status. A total of thirty-three and thirty-four of the girls had been randomised to treatment with 10 μg vitamin D3per d and placebo, respectively, for 12 months. Total osteocalcin and the fraction of ucOC in serum (via enzyme-immunoassay) as well as serum 25(OH)D (via HPLC) were assessed at baseline and end-point. Vitamin D3supplementation significantly increased serum 25(OH)D (21·6 %;P < 0·002) but had no effect on serum %ucOC (P>0·8). In conclusion, the findings of the present intervention study in young girls suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not affect serum %ucOC, a marker of vitamin K status.
Immune-modulating efficacy of a polyphenol-rich beverage on symptoms associated with the common cold: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centric clinical study
Authors: Schütz Katrin , Saß Matthias , de With Axel , Graubaum Hans-Joachim , Grünwald Jörg
Published: May 2010

In the present study, the immune-modulating efficacy of a polyphenol-rich beverage on symptoms associated with the common cold was evaluated. For this purpose, ninety-eight patients reporting common cold symptoms that began no longer than 24 h before the study intervention were randomly assigned to consume either the test beverage or placebo twice per d for 10 d. The severity of the disease was expressed as the total score of the five cold symptoms ‘general feeling of sickness’, ‘headache and/or joint aches’, ‘sore throat and/or difficulty swallowing’, ‘hoarseness and/or cough’ and ‘stuffy nose/sniffle’. Consequently, the decrease from 10·2 (sd3·1) points at the beginning to 2·1 (sd2·7) points by the end of the study in the verum group demonstrated a clear improvement, whereas in the placebo group only a reduction from 10·5 (sd3·0) to 6·3 (sd3·8) points could be observed. The mean difference between the groups (primary efficacy criterion) of 3·9 points was highly significant (P < 0·01). At the end of the study there were highly significantly (P < 0·01) more patients in the verum group complaint free than in the placebo group (secondary efficacy criterion). In addition to these self-reported values, several local findings of the physical examination were also significantly improved in the verum group.
POLITICS AND PREACHING: CHIEFLY CONVERTS TO THE NAZARETHA CHURCH, OBEDIENT SUBJECTS, AND SERMON PERFORMANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: CABRITA JOEL
Published: May 2010

Twentieth-century Natal and Zululand chiefs' conversions to the Nazaretha Church allowed them to craft new narratives of political legitimacy and perform them to their subjects. The well-established praising tradition of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Zulu political culture had been an important narrative practice for legitimating chiefs; throughout the twentieth century, the erosion of chiefly power corresponded with a decline in chiefly praise poems. During this same period, however, new narrative occasions for chiefs seeking to legitimate their power arose in Nazaretha sermon performance. Chiefs used their conversion testimonies to narrate themselves as divinely appointed to their subjects. An alliance between the Nazaretha Church and KwaZulu chiefs of the last hundred years meant that the Church could position itself as an institution of national stature, and chiefs told stories that exhorted unruly subjects to obedience as a spiritual virtue.
Fast forced liquid film spreading on a substrate: flow, heat transfer and phase transition
Authors: ROISMAN ILIA V.
Published: May 2010

This theoretical study is devoted to description of fluid flow and heat transfer in a spreading viscous drop with phase transition. A similarity solution for the combined full Navier–Stokes equations and energy equation for the expanding lamella generated by drop impact is obtained for a general case of oblique drop impact with high Weber and Reynolds numbers. The theory is applicable to the analysis of the phenomena of drop solidification, target melting and film boiling. The theoretical predictions for the contact temperature at the substrate surface agree well with the existing experimental data.
Ideas, tradition and norm entrepreneurs: retracing guiding principles of foreign policy in Blair and Chirac's speeches on Iraq
Authors: BRATBERG ØIVIND
Published: May 2010

The significance of ideas to foreign policy analysis remains contested, despite a plethora of empirical studies applying ideational frameworks. Drawing on social constructivism, this article proposes a causal understanding where ideas derived from tradition define the political space for contemporary debates and effect foreign policy behaviour. This ideational approach is substantiated by a historical study of guiding principles in British and French foreign policy, which establish a set of baseline expectations for the analysis of Tony Blair and Jacques Chirac's speeches on Iraq. The empirical study shows that whereas Chirac largely stayed within a French ideational framework, Blair applied a more complex combination of ideas from both traditions. Conceptualising Blair as an aspiring (but ultimately unsuccessful) norm entrepreneur is a fruitful interpretation of this role.