bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the importance of fabrication parameters of copper oxide-based resistive switching memory devices by machine learning techniques
Authors: Patil Suvarna M. , Kundale Somnath S. , Sutar Santosh S. , Patil Pramod J. , Teli Aviraj M. , Beknalkar Sonali A. , Kamat Rajanish K. , Bae Jinho , Shin Jae Cheol , Dongale Tukaram D.
Published: March 2023

In the present study, various statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques were used to understand how device fabrication parameters affect the performance of copper oxide-based resistive switching (RS) devices. In the present case, the data was collected from copper oxide RS devices-based research articles, published between 2008 to 2022. Initially, different patterns present in the data were analyzed by statistical techniques. Then, the classification and regression tree algorithm (CART) and decision tree (DT) ML algorithms were implemented to get the device fabrication guidelines for the continuous and categorical features of copper oxide-based RS devices, respectively. In the next step, the random forest algorithm was found to be suitable for the prediction of continuous-type features as compared to a linear model and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, the DT algorithm predicts the performance of categorical-type features very well. The feature importance score was calculated for each continuous and categorical feature by the gradient boosting (GB) algorithm. Finally, the suggested ML guidelines were employed to fabricate the copper oxide-based RS device and demonstrated its non-volatile memory properties. The results of ML algorithms and experimental devices are in good agreement with each other, suggesting the importance of ML techniques for understanding and optimizing memory devices.
Assessing the combined toxic effects of metaldehyde mollucide
Authors: Macar Oksal , Kalefetoğlu Macar Tuğçe , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçın Emine , Acar Ali
Published: March 2023

The excessive use of metaldehyde in agriculture to combat mollusks endangers both the environment and non-target organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity caused by metaldehyde in Alliumcepa with the help of physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters. Also, DNA fragmentation caused by metaldehyde in root tip cells was measured by the "Comet Assay" method. The control group was germinated with tap water and the application groups were germinated with 20 mg/L metaldehyde, 40 mg/L metaldehyde, 100 mg/L metaldehyde and 200 mg/L metaldehyde for 72 h. The results of the physiological parameters showed that metaldehyde had a growth-limiting effect in A.cepa, depending on the application dose. According to root elongation levels, the EC50 (effective concentration) value for metaldehyde was 60.6 mg/L in A.cepa. As the treatment dose increased, the incidence of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations gradually increased while mitotic index decreased. Metaldehyde exposure induced damages such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, reverse polarization, bridge, and multipolar anaphase. In addition, metaldehyde caused cell damage in epidermis and cortex, thickening of the cortex cell wall and flattened cell nucleus in root meristem. Increasing doses of metaldehyde application also increased malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. As a result, it has been determined that the toxicity of metaldehyde in plants is versatile and the A.cepa test material is a suitable biological indicator to determine this toxicity.
Myosin light chain of shark fast skeletal muscle exhibits intrinsic urea-resistibility
Authors: Kanoh Satoshi , Noma Takayuki , Ito Hirotaka , Tsureyama Masatomo , Funabara Daisuke
Published: March 2023

Marine elasmobranch fish contain urea, a protein denaturant, in their bodies. The urea-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) counteraction mechanism contributes to urea-resistibility, where TMAO compensates for protein denaturation by urea. However, previous studies revealed that shark fast skeletal muscle myosin exhibits native activity at physiological urea concentrations in the absence of TMAO, suggesting that shark myosin has urea-resistibility. In this study, we compared the urea-resistibility of myosin alkali light chains (A1-LC and A2-LC) from banded houndshark and carp by examining the α-helical content at various urea concentrations. The α-helical content of carp myosin A1-LC and A2-LC gradually decreased as urea concentrations increased to 2 M. In contrast, the α-helical content of banded houndshark A1-LC increased between 0 and 0.5 M urea, and the α-helical content of A2-LC remained constant until 0.5 M urea. We determined the full-length sequences of the banded houndshark myosin light chains (A1-LC, A2-LC and DTNB-LC). Hydrophilicity analysis revealed that the N-terminal region (residues 28–34) of A1-LC from banded houndshark is more hydrophilic than the corresponding region of A1-LC from carp. These findings support the notion that shark myosin exhibits urea-resistibility independent of the urea-TMAO counteraction mechanism.
Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Bodesheim David , Biele Robert , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: March 2023

The Hofstadter butterfly is one of the first and most fascinating examples of the fractal and self-similar quantum nature of free electrons in a lattice pierced by a perpendicular magnetic field. However, the direct experimental verification of this effect on single-layer materials is still missing as very strong and inaccessible magnetic fields are necessary. For this reason, its indirect experimental verification has only been realized in artificial periodic 2D systems, like moiré lattices. The only recently synthesized 2D covalent organic frameworks might circumvent this limitation: Due to their large pore structures, magnetic fields needed to detect most features of the Hofstadter butterfly are indeed accessible with today technology. This work opens the door to make this exotic and theoretical issue from the 70s measurable and might solve the quest for the experimental verification of the Hofstadter butterfly in single-layer materials. Moreover, the intrinsic hierarchy of different pore sizes in 2D covalent organic framework adds additional complexity and beauty to the original butterflies and leads to a direct accessible playground for new physical observations.
IKBA phosphorylation governs human sperm motility through ACC-mediated fatty acid beta-oxidation
Authors: Li Yanquan , Hu Youwei , Wang Zhengquan , Lu Tingting , Yang Yiting , Diao Hua , Zheng Xiaoguo , Xie Chong , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xuelian , Zhou Yuchuan
Published: March 2023

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates specific immunological responses and controls a wide range of physiological processes. NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IKBA) is an NF-κB inhibitory mediator in the cytoplasm that modulates the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activities of NF-κB proteins. However, whether the upstream cascade of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway has physiological roles independent of IKBA-mediated transcriptional activation remains unclear. Herein we investigated the function of IKBA in mature sperm in which transcriptional and translational events do not occur. IKBA was highly expressed in human sperm. The repression of IKBA phosphorylation by its inhibitor Bay117082 markedly enhanced sperm motility. On the contrary, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IKBA phosphorylation significantly decreased sperm motility. Nevertheless, Bay117082 treatment did not affect the motility of IKBA-knockout sperm. Further, untargeted metabolomic analysis and pharmacological blocking assays revealed that the Bay117082-induced increase in sperm motility was attributable to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) enhancement. In addition, we found that IKBA phosphorylation inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in the FAO metabolic pathway. Our findings indicate that IKBA-mediated signaling orchestrates sperm motility program and improves our understanding of transcription-independent NF-κB signaling pathway in cells.
Radiation synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquid grafted PVDF as the anion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Jiang Jiali , Dong Zhen , Song Yifei , Zhao Long
Published: March 2023

The PVDF-g-IL membranes were successfully prepared by a radiation technique. The VRFB assembled with them showed high coulombic efficiency, good capacity retention and great cycling stability.
Nano shield: a new tetrahedral framework nucleic acids-based solution to radiation-induced mucositis
Authors: Zhang Geru , Huang Liwei , Feng Maogeng , Zhang Tianxu , Gao Yang , Yao Yangxue , Li Songhang , Li Xiaobing , Lin Yunfeng
Published: March 2023

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is considered to be one of the most important public health problems today, affecting the overall well-being of millions of patients who have received radiotherapy.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based heterogeneous single atom catalysts: synthesis, characterisation and catalytic applications
Authors: P Suja , John Jubi , Rajan T. P. D. , Anilkumar Gopinathan M , Yamaguchi Takeo , Pillai Suresh C. , Hareesh U. S.
Published: March 2023

The ease of anchoring single atoms on the g-C3N4 matrix, through its abundant nitrogen sites, facilitates a variety of single atom catalysts for applications in multiple domains of catalysis.
Asymmetric synthesis of highly sterically congested α-tertiary aminesviaorganocatalyzed kinetic resolution
Authors: Jiang Qianwen , Xie Wansen , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

An organocatalyzed electrophilic aminative kinetic resolution method has been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of highly sterically congestedN-aryl α-tertiary amines, which are difficult to access through other asymmetric methods.
The contribution of phonons to the thermal expansion of some simple cubic hexaboride structures: SmB6, CaB6, SrB6 and BaB6
Authors: Li Li , Refson Keith , Dove Martin T
Published: March 2023

We have performed first-principles calculations of the structure and lattice dynamics in the metal hexaborides SmB6, CaB6, SrB6 and BaB6 using Density Functional Theory in an attempt to understand the negative thermal expansion in the first of these materials.
Recent advances on g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for organic pollutant removal
Authors: Li Chunxue , Lu Hao , Ding Guixiang , Li Qing , Liao Guangfu
Published: March 2023

The recent advances of g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for organic pollutant removal was comprehensively reviewed.
Modular synthesis of fluorinated 2H-thiophenes via [4 + 1] cyclization of enaminothiones
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Jinli , Chen Jie , Zhou Banghua , Zhang Jian , Chen Shunhong , Wu Jian , Jiang Yaojia
Published: March 2023

An efficient strategy for synthesizing trifluoromethyl 2H-thiophenes under very mild reaction conditions (room temperature, neutral media and low loading of catalyst).
Silver trifluoroacetate as a bifunctional reagent for palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylative [4 + 1] annulation of aromatic acids
Authors: Li Zhuang-Zhuang , Li Wan-Di , Fan Juan , Li Jun-Ting , Liu Zhong-Wen , Shi Xian-Ying
Published: March 2023

AgTFA is disclosed as a bifunctional reagent, i.e. unprecedented in-situ CO source and oxidant in oxidative carbonylative annulation. The simple operation enables silver to be recovered easily and make AgTFA superior to other transition-metal carbonyl agents.
A multi‐feature‐based intelligent redundancy elimination scheme for cloud‐assisted health systems
Authors: Xiao Ling , Zou Beiji , Kui Xiaoyan , Zhu Chengzhang , Zhang Wensheng , Yang Xuebing , Zhang Bob
Published: March 2023

Redundancy elimination techniques are extensively investigated to reduce storage overheads for cloud‐assisted health systems. Deduplication eliminates the redundancy of duplicate blocks by storing one physical instance referenced by multiple duplicates. Delta compression is usually regarded as a complementary technique to deduplication to further remove the redundancy of similar blocks, but our observations indicate that this is disobedient when data have sparse duplicate blocks. In addition, there are many overlapped deltas in the resemblance detection process of post‐deduplication delta compression, which hinders the efficiency of delta compression and the index phase of resemblance detection inquires abundant non‐similar blocks, resulting in inefficient system throughput. Therefore, a multi‐feature‐based redundancy elimination scheme, called MFRE, is proposed to solve these problems. The similarity feature and temporal locality feature are excavated to assist redundancy elimination where the similarity feature well expresses the duplicate attribute. Then, similarity‐based dynamic post‐deduplication delta compression and temporal locality‐based dynamic delta compression discover more similar base blocks to minimise overlapped deltas and improve compression ratios. Moreover, the clustering method based on block‐relationship and the feature index strategy based on bloom filters reduce IO overheads and improve system throughput. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art method, improves the compression ratio and system throughput by 9.68% and 50%, respectively.
Achieving economic efficiency in the electricity markets through internalizing negative externalities
Authors: Hacopian Dolatabadi Sarineh , Latify Mohammad Amin , Karshenas Hamidreza , Sharifi Alimorad
Published: March 2023

Economic efficiency is the ultimate goal of all markets, including the electricity market. Several technical and pecuniary restrictions known as externalities in economics literature can significantly affect the economic efficiency of the electricity market. Negative externalities resulting from the operational restrictions of generation units are inherent to electricity markets. In this paper, after reviewing the effects of externalities on the day‐ahead electricity markets' economic efficiency using a unit commitment‐based model, an innovative and theoretically efficient service‐based procedure aimed at internalizing negative externalities in the day‐ahead electricity markets is presented. In this way, a new service procured by the energy storage system to provide energy interchange possibilities in the electricity market is introduced. The proposed service uses both price and quantity adjustment methods to internalize externalities. A new discriminatory method for pricing the service and a bi‐level optimization problem for determining the capacity of the energy storage system required to provide the service are considered. The consideration of the proposed method facilitates reaching the first‐best optimal market solution by alleviating negative externalities existing in the sub‐optimal second‐best solution in the presence of generation sector operational constraints. Numerical case studies demonstrate the functioning of the proposed externalities internalization scheme.
A novel inductively coupled RLC damping scheme for eliminating switching oscillations of SiC MOSFET
Authors: Li JiaWen , Yang Xin , Xu Mengwei , Wang Xiaodi , Heng Ke
Published: March 2023

Severe switching oscillations of SiC MOSFET seriously affect its efficient and reliable application. Herein, a novel inductively coupled RLC damping scheme is proposed to eliminate switching oscillations. Distinctive from existing RLC resonators, the setting that the resonant frequency of the secondary RLC damping is equal to that of the power loop is abandoned. Additionally, prior‐art analytical techniques of RLC resonators are based on seeking the peak impedance, which considerably undermines its suppression effect. First, a two‐port network is linearized from switching oscillations, where the characteristic equations are deduced. Then, parametric regions where the switching oscillations can be eliminated are determined by actively assigning poles via the root locus method. Consequently, the damping effect of the proposed scheme, as well as the resulted switching losses, shows its superiority over the state‐of‐the‐art snubbers. The proposed scheme is favourable in practical applications since it is less insensitive to parasitics enabling selection of snubber resistors with higher power ratings. It also avoids unusual temperature rise resulted by snubber losses due to oscillation suppression in the power loop as snubber losses are transferred to the secondary circuit. Theoretical analysis and experimental comparisons are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A second‐order sliding mode control with active disturbance rejection for dynamic voltage restorers
Authors: Bagheri Farzaneh , Biricik Samet , Ahmed Hafiz , Komurcugil Hasan
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an extended state observer (ESO)‐based second‐order sliding mode control (SMC) for dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs). Unlike the conventional first‐order SMC and some second‐order SMC (SOSMC) methods that suffer from chattering, the proposed control method can alleviate chattering and achieve finite‐time convergence. Chattering suppression (i.e. eliminating discontinuities) is achieved via continuous control input which is also used to generate the pulse width modulation signals. However, while removing the discontinuities in the control input, the performance of the control method is degraded when it is subjected to disturbances. Therefore, an active disturbance rejection (ADR) based on an ESO is proposed to enhance the performance. In addition, an advanced single‐phase phase‐locked loop (PLL) using linear observer and quasi‐type‐1 PLL is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experimental results which are compared with the results of the existing SMC methods applied to DVR.
Comprehensive review and a novel technique on voltage unbalance compensation
Authors: Kongtrakul Nattanapong , Wangdee Wijarn , Chantaraskul Soamsiri
Published: March 2023

Voltage unbalance has gained more attention due to a rapid increase in single‐phase distributed energy resources (DERs) penetration compound with existing unbalance characteristics of low voltage distribution network. The purposes of this article are to summarise various techniques on voltage unbalance compensation from three different strategies: (1) techniques based on passive approach and advanced power electronics; (2) Techniques based on three‐phase DERs; (3) techniques based on single‐phase DERs. In addition, a novel voltage unbalance compensation technique that applies a voltage sensitivity analysis along with a symmetrical component concept to meet a desired voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is introduced in this article. Coordination among single‐phase DERs that contributes in the voltage unbalance compensation is also considered. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this proposed technique, its results are compared with the results that are obtained using a current unbalance compensation strategy. The results indicate that the novel technique proposed in this study provides more stable voltage unbalance compensation while successfully achieving the specified VUF thresholds.
The common trend of saltation particles on the surface of fast-rotating asteroids
Authors: Song Zhijun , Yu Yang , Cheng Bin , Lv Jing , Baoyin Hexi
Published: March 2023

Context. An asteroid spun up to its critical limit has unique surface mechanical properties that its gravity and the centrifugal force largely balance, creating a relaxation environment where low-energy events such as mass shedding may trigger subsequent long complex motion of an asteroid’s regolith grains. Exploring such an evolution process may provide key clues for understanding the early formation of multi-asteroid systems.

Aims. This paper investigates the complex evolution process of loose particles becoming triggered by shedding events and the dependency of their dynamical propagation on the contact mechanical properties of the asteroid surface.

Methods. We present a numerical model for tracking the trajectory of a shed particle that considers the collision between the particle and the surface of an asteroid. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to reflect the statistical behavior of shed particles. We also introduce zero-velocity surfaces to our data-based analysis in order to reveal the intrinsic invariance of the evolutionary processes. We used the average mechanical energy of the particle cloud to check the connection between contact property and the temporal-spatial distribution of the shed particles.

Results. We sketch a common evolutionary path of the particle in the vicinity of a fast-rotating asteroid, that is, particles dislodged from the unstable region will eventually enter, through several collisions with the surface, non-return orbits that launch from the minimum geopotential area of the unstable region. The common trend is independent of any particular asteroid morphology, and all shed particles (no matter where they originate from) enter the same evolutionary path. We also find that the orbital energy of the particle cloud is statistically independent of the surface contact property, meaning that the collision coefficient of restitution is a nonsensitive parameter in the outward spreading process of the shed particles.
Radio jet precession in M 81*
Authors: von Fellenberg S. D. , Janssen M. , Davelaar J. , Zajaček M. , Britzen S. , Falcke H. , Körding E. , Ros E.
Published: March 2023

We report four novel position angle measurements of the core region M 81* at 5 GHz and 8 GHz, which confirm the presence of sinusoidal jet precession in the M 81 jet region, as suggested by Martí-Vidal et al. (2011, A&A, 533, A111). The model makes three testable predictions regarding the evolution of the jet precession, which we test in our data with observations from 2017, 2018, and 2019. Our data confirm a precession period of ∼7 yr on top of a small linear drift. We further show that two 8 GHz observation are consistent with a precession period of ∼7 yr but show a different time lag with respect to the 5 GHz and 1.7 GHz observations. We do not find a periodic modulation of the light curve with the jet precession and therefore rule out a Doppler nature for the historic 1998–2002 flare. Our observations are consistent with either a binary black hole origin for the precession or the Lense-Thirring effect.
LBT-MODS spectroscopy of high-redshift candidates in theChandraJ1030 field
Authors: Marchesi Stefano , Mignoli Marco , Gilli Roberto , Mazzolari Giovanni , Signorini Matilde , Brienza Marisa , Bisogni Susanna , Bolzonella Micol , Cucciati Olga , D’Amato Quirino , Peca Alessandro , Prandoni Isabella , Tozzi Paolo , Vignali Cristian , Vito Fabio , Comastri Andrea
Published: March 2023

We present the results of a spectroscopic campaign with the Multi-Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) instrument mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), aimed at obtaining a spectroscopic redshift for sevenChandraJ1030 sources with a photometric redshift ≥2.7 and optical magnituderAB = [24.5 − 26.5]. We obtained a spectroscopic redshift for five out of seven targets: all of them havezspec ≥ 2.5, thus probing the reliability of theChandraJ1030 photometric redshifts. The spectroscopic campaign led to the serendipitous discovery of az ∼ 2.78 large-scale structure (LSS) in the J1030 field: the structure contains four X-ray sources (three of which were targeted in the LBT-MODS campaign) and two non-X-ray-detected galaxies for which a VLT-MUSE spectrum was already available. We also find 26 galaxies with a photometric redshift in the rangezphot = [2.68 − 2.88], which we consider candidate LSS members. The X-ray members of the LSS are hosted in galaxies that are significantly more massive (log(M*/M⊙) = [10.0 − 11.1]) than both those hosting the two MUSE-detected sources (log(M*/M⊙) < 10) and those belonging to the photometric sample (median stellar mass log(M*/M⊙) = 10.0). Both observations and simulations show that massive galaxies, and particularly objects with log(M*/M⊙) > 10, are among the best tracers of LSSs and filaments in the cosmic web. Consequently, our result can explain why X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei have also been shown to be efficient tracers of LSS.
Probing compact dark matter objects with microlensing in gravitationally lensed quasars
Authors: Awad P. , Chan J. H. H. , Millon M. , Courbin F. , Paic E.
Published: March 2023

The microlensing signal in the light curves of gravitationally lensed quasars can shed light on the dark matter (DM) composition in their lensing galaxies. Here, we investigate a sample of six lensed quasars from the most recent and best COSMOGRAIL observations: HE 1104−1805, HE 0435−1223, RX J1131−1231, WFI 2033−4723, PG 1115+080, and J1206+4332, yielding a total of eight microlensing light curves, when combining independent image pairs and typically spanning ten years. We explore the microlensing signals to determine whether the standard assumptions on the stellar populations are sufficient to account for the amplitudes of the measured signals or whether additional microlenses are needed. We use the most detailed lens models to date from the H0LiCOW/TDCOSMO collaboration to derive the microlensing parameters, such as the convergence, shear, and stellar/dark matter mass fraction at the position of the quasar images. We use these parameters to generate simulated microlensing light curves. Finally, we propose a methodology based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify whether the observed microlensing amplitudes in our data are compatible with the most standard scenario, whereby galaxies are composed of stars as compact bodies and smoothly distributed DM. Given our current sample, we show that the standard scenario cannot be rejected, in contrast with previous results by Hawkins (2020a, A&A, 633, A107), claiming that a population of stellar mass primordial black holes (PBHs) is necessary to explain the observed amplitude of the microlensing signal in lensed quasar light curves. We further estimate the number of microlensing light curves needed to effectively distinguish between the standard scenario with stellar microlensing and a scenario that describes that all the DM contained in galaxies is in the form of compact objects such as PBHs, with a mean mass of 0.2 M⊙. We find that about 900 microlensing curves from the Rubin Observatory will be sufficient to discriminate between the two extreme scenarios at a 95% confidence level.
Imaging and spectroscopic observations of extreme-ultraviolet brightenings using EUI and SPICE on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Huang Ziwen , Teriaca L. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Chitta L. P. , Mandal S. , Peter H. , Schühle U. , Solanki S. K. , Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Buchlin É. , Carlsson M. , Fludra A. , Fredvik T. , Giunta A. , Grundy T. , Hassler D. , Parenti S. , Plaschke F.
Published: March 2023

Context. The smallest extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) brightening events that were detected so far, called campfires, have recently been uncovered by the High Resolution EUV telescope (HRIEUV), which is part of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter. HRIEUV has a broad bandpass centered at 17.4 nm that is dominated by Fe IX and Fe X emission at about 1 MK.

Aims. We study the thermal properties of EUI brightening events by simultaneously observing their responses at different wavelengths using spectral data from the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) also on board Solar Orbiter and imaging data from EUI.

Methods. We studied three EUI brightenings that were identified in HRIEUV data that lie within the small areas covered by the slit of the SPICE EUV spectrometer. We obtained the line intensities of the spectral profiles by Gaussian fitting. These diagnostics were used to study the evolution of the EUI brightenings over time at the different line-formation temperatures.

Results. We find that (i) the detection of these EUI brightenings is at the limit of the SPICE capabilities. They could not have been independently identified in the data without the aid of HRIEUV observations. (ii) Two of these EUI brightenings with longer lifetimes are observed up to Ne VIII temperatures (0.6 MK). (iii) All of the events are detectable in O VI (0.3 MK), and the two longer-lived events are also detected in other transition region (TR) lines. (iv) In one case, we observe two peaks in the intensity light curve of the TR lines that are separated by 2.7 min for C III and 1.2 min for O VI. The Ne VIII intensity shows a single peak between the two peak times of the TR line intensity.

Conclusions. Spectral data from SPICE allow us to follow the thermal properties of EUI brightenings. Our results indicate that at least some EUI brightenings barely reach coronal temperatures.
Newly designed OTS Clip for preventing fully-covered self-expandable metal stent migration in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Manta Raffaele , Del Nero Lorenzo , Todd Baron , Parodi Andrea , De Ceglie Antonella , Zito Francesco , Pasquale Luigi , Zullo Angelo , Conio Massimo
Published: March 2023

Background and study aims Fully-covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) are frequently used for endoscopic management of gastrointestinal lesions. However, stent migration occurs in up to one-third of patients. Different tools are used to anchor stents to prevent migration. A specifically designed over-the-scope device (Stentfix OTS Clip system) was recently introduced to prevent fully covered SEMS migration in the gastrointestinal tract. The study aimed to evaluate technical success and stent migration rates with the Stentfix device.

Patients and methods Data were collected from consecutive patients at four participating centers who were at high risk of FCSEMS migration and in whom the anchoring system was used to prevent migration.

Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled. Technically successful clip placement was achieved in all cases. At follow-up, the distal part of the device dislocated from the duodenum into the antrum at 3 days in one patient, accounting for a 3.2 % (95 % CI = 0–9.4) rate of stent migration. The underlying lesion being treated healed in all patients, but 10 patients died before stent removal due to neoplastic progression.

Conclusions A dedicated over-the-scope stent fixation device appears to be safe and effective in preventing fully-covered SEMS migration through the gastrointestinal tract.
Long-term outcomes of pancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy for the treatment of obstructive pancreatic duct stones
Authors: de Rijk Florence E.M. , Stassen Pauline M.C. , van der Wiel Sophia E. , Boermeester Marja A. , Issa Yama , Kempeneers Marinus A. , Verdonk Robert C. , Bruno Marco J. , de Jonge Pieter Jan F.
Published: March 2023

Background and study aims Pancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) has proven to be an effective first-line therapy in symptomatic chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients with obstructing pancreatic duct (PD) stones 1. However, long-term outcomes of endoscopic EHL remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term treatment effects of EHL as first-line therapy and to compare with those obtained in a historical cohort of patients who underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as primary treatment.

Patients and methods An observational retrospective single-center long-term follow-up study was performed including 19 consecutive patients who previously underwent endoscopic EHL compared to 18 patients who underwent ESWL followed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). The primary endpoint was long-term treatment success after EHL or ESWL defined as no recurrence of symptomatic intraductal stones confirmed on imaging. Secondary endpoints for the EHL-population included long-term clinical success (i. e., a similar or lower Izbicki Pain Score or reduction in opiate usage as compared to 6-month follow-up), quality of life (QoL), pancreatic function and hospital re-admission rate.

Results In the EHL group, 37 % of the patients developed recurrent symptomatic PD stones versus 61 % in the ESWL group after a median follow-up of 35.0 and 76.5 months. Of the patients with recurrence, 71 % versus 100 % underwent a reintervention. Median time to recurrence was 12.0 versus 13.0 months. Clinical success sustained in 58 % of the EHL patients. QoL was not significantly different compared with 6-month follow-up and baseline.

Conclusions Also at long-term follow-up, endoscopic EHL as first-line treatment is moderately effective for symptomatic CP patients with treatment success rates that seems at least equally effective as ESWL.
Interstate Practice Variation and Factors Associated with Antibiotic Use for Suspected Neonatal Sepsis in the United States
Authors: Vidavalur Ramesh , Hussain Naveed
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to estimate national time trends of overall and statewise antibiotic utilization (AU) rates for suspected neonatal sepsis (SNS) in the United States.

Study Design In this cross-sectional study, we used retrospective linked birth cohort and vital records data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database for the years 2016 to 2020 and analyzed data containing antibiotic use for SNS. The primary outcome was proportional national and state-specific AU rates per 1,000 live births during the birth hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included overall trends and association between maternal education, race, sex, chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, Apgar's scores, and insurance status with antibiotics exposure for SNS among newborns. Contingency tables, two-tailed t-test, and chi-square for independence tests were performed with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results For a birth cohort of >18 million, 2.2% of infants received antibiotics during birth hospitalization nationwide. There were wide variations in AU among U.S. states and territories, whereas overall treatment rates decreased by 16.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.2–17.0; p < 0.001). Compared with White newborns, Black newborns had higher AU rates (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.32–1.34), and Asians had the lowest rates (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95–0.97). There was a significant difference in mean AU rates by race (p < 0.001). Chorioamnionitis at birth significantly increased the odds for AU (OR: 14.5 ;95% CI: 14.4–14.6), although AU rates for chorioamnionitis showed a significant downward trend (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.50–0.53) during the study period.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that there has been a gradual decline in AU for SNS in more than a third of states in last 5 years. While risk-based management approaches achieve widespread implementation, state- and nationwide quality improvement collaborates might have contributed to the relative decline in antibiotic use in newborns. Further studies are warranted to understand factors related to practice variation in the management of SNS in the United States

Key Points
Social Media Influence and Gender Are Correlated with Industry Payments to Orthopaedic Sports Surgeons
Authors: Leong Natalie L. , Morcos George , Jiang Jie , O'Hara Nathan
Published: March 2023

Social media, specifically Twitter, has become an increasingly used tool in academic orthopaedic surgery to help surgeons connect with patients and peers. This study seeks to understand correlations among social medial influence, academic influence, and gender among academic orthopaedic sport surgeons. A list of all orthopaedic sports surgeons serving as faculty of sports fellowships in the United States was compiled, along with publicly available demographic information. Their Hirsh indices (h-indices) were obtained using the Scopus database. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act Web site was used to determine their industry payments from 2014 through 2020. The number of Twitter followers was used as a measure of social media influence. Multivariable linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between these parameters and industry payments. Of the 633 surgeons, 33% had a Twitter account. Surgeons with > 1,000 followers (7.3%) were awarded 186% more in nonresearch funding (p = 0.01) and had a higher probability of receiving industry research funding compared with those with no followers (p = 0.03). Sports surgeons had an average h-index of 16, with 44% having ≤ 20 publications and 21% having ≥ 100 publications. Surgeons with ≥ 100 publications were awarded 453% more in nonresearch funding (p = 0.001) and had a 32% higher probability of receiving industry research funding (p < 0.001) when compared with their colleagues with ≤ 20 publications. Female sports surgeons accounted for only 7.9% of surgeons included in the study, and were awarded 65% less in industry nonresearch funding compared with their male colleagues (p = 0.004) when controlling for other factors. Both number of publications and a high level of Twitter activity (> 1,000 followers) had the strongest associations with the quantity of industry nonresearch funding and the highest probability of industry research funding. Female sports surgeons received significantly less industry nonresearch funding compared with their male colleagues. Future studies further exploring gender disparities in industry funding for orthopaedic surgeons may be warranted.

Level of Evidence Prognostic, Level III.
Medulloblastoma and ABO-Rh Blood Group: Evidence of an Association between the Distribution of Blood Group Antigens and Medulloblastoma
Authors: Bajaj Ankur , Ansari Rehana , Jaiswal Somil , Srivastava Chhitij , Ojha Bal Krishna , Rizvi Imran , Chandra Tulika
Published: March 2023

Objective Medulloblastoma is the most common central nervous system embryonal tumor and the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. This study aims to find out the incidence of the ABO-Rh blood group in medulloblastoma patients of northern India to assess the utility of the blood group as a preclinical non-modifiable risk factor.

Materials and Methods The study cohort consisted of 87 pediatric patients (age up to 18 years) who were diagnosed after histopathological examination with medulloblastoma at a university hospital in Lucknow between 2014 and 2019. Hundred random pediatric individuals from the same population who were admitted to the same hospital between 2014 and 2019 for non-tumor cases were selected as the control group. Data concerning characteristics including age, sex, ABO blood group, and Rh factor were collected from hospital records. The distribution of ABO-Rh blood groups in the study population was compared with the general population using the χ2 test. Statistical analysis of the ABO-Rh blood groups in the study population was done using the IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0.

Results Data analysis revealed that blood group A was significantly associated with medulloblastoma cases (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–6.34). We find that the classical subtype was prevalent with the blood group A (43.8%), while the desmoplastic subtype was associated with the blood group O (38.5%).

Conclusion Blood group A has a higher risk for the development of medulloblastoma while blood group O has the least risk. These findings suggest that blood group antigen should be considered as a non-modifiable preclinical risk factor for developing medulloblastoma.
Incidence, Diagnosis and Treatment of Otorhinolaryngological, Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Chhabra Biban , Vyas Pratibha , Gupta Priyanshi , Sharma Prateek , Sharma Kanika
Published: March 2023

Introduction Tuberculosis is a disease of diversified presentation. It affects almost all organs in the body, and otorhinolaryngological, head and neck involvement is not an exception.

Objective To increase awareness about the different clinical presentations of otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis, the techniques employed to diagnose it, and to assess the response to the treatment.

Methods We conducted a prospective study of 114 patients who presented primarily with otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis. Routine blood investigations, chest radiographs, the tuberculin test, and sputum examination for the presence of acid-fast bacilli were performed in all cases. Site-specific investigations were performed in relevant cases only. The patients were treated according to the antitubercular treatment (ATT) regimen recommended by the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP), and they were followed up clinically two and six months after starting the ATT.

Results Tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common clinical presentation (85.96%), followed by deep neck abscess (5.27%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology proved to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy. Improvement at the end of 2 and 6 months of the ATT was observed in 90.35% and 96.50% of the cases respectively.

Conclusion The diagnosis of otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion, and the ATT proved to be very effective in reducing the severity of the disease.
Novel and Innovative Surgical Strategies for Recurrent Rectal Cancer: Uncommon Resections, Local Interventions for Pelvic Reoccurrence, and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Webb Shawn Philip , Ahmad Imran
Published: March 2023

The frequency of recurrent rectal cancer has dropped significantly with improved surgical approaches and adjunctive therapies. These recurrences have proven challenging to obtain R0 resection with salvage operations. Meticulous planning, clear understanding of anatomy with imaging, and multispecialty support have become essential in local control and long-term survival with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer. Technical considerations and prognosis indicators along with role of intraoperative radiation or boost radiation are discussed within.
Negotiation and Career Advancement: How Can We Continue to Advance Women in Academic Surgery, What Are the Barriers They Are Facing, and What Can We Do to Overcome Them?
Authors: Turfah Mary , Kwakye Gifty
Published: March 2023

Despite increasing female representation in U.S. medical schools, women remain underrepresented in academic surgery departments across the country. Even as the gap narrows in academic surgery, female surgeons' professional advancement does not parallel that of their male counterparts. This article explores how to continue to advance women in academic surgery, first by considering the barriers women surgeons face, then offering actionable steps—on the individual, interpersonal, and systems levels—to overcome these barriers and work toward gender equity.
Robot-Assisted Lung Biopsy: A Safer Approach to Lung Lesions
Authors: Maqsood Shadab , Khan Tahir Ahmad , Hussain Manzoor , Bhat Mudasir , Shera Tahleel Altaf , Gojwari Tariq Ahmad , Shaheen Feroze A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose This article evaluates the feasibility, safety, and technical success of robot-assisted computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy.

Methods CT-guided lung biopsy was performed after clearance from the institutional ethical committee in 60 patients who were assigned to two groups, group A (robot-assisted biopsy) and group B (conventional CT-guided biopsy). The accuracy of needle placement, number of needle adjustments, radiation dose, procedure time, and complications were compared in both these groups.

Results In group A, the procedure duration was significantly shorter (p = 0.001), dose length product, lower (p = 0.001), accuracy of needle placement, superior (p = 0.003), and complication rates were lower (p = 0.002) compared with conventional CT guidedbiopsy.

Conclusion Robotic assistance during CT lung biopsy is associated with improved targeting of lesions with more diagnostic yield and less procedure duration, radiation exposure, and fewer complications compared with conventional CT lung biopsy.
Impact of Gender Inequity on Women Surgeons in the Professional Setting
Authors: Onyiego Alexandra , Davids Jennifer S.
Published: March 2023

The concept of equity ensures that each individual is given the environment, treatment, and resources needed to reach an equal outcome to those around them. Equity is central to initiatives for advancing diversity and inclusion among physicians. This article will identify key barriers to equity that women surgeons face within the professional setting. More specifically, inadequate female representation, discrimination in the form of unconscious gender bias and microaggressions, and sexual harassment will be explored regarding their continued threats to gender equity, as well as constructive ways to mitigate these effects.
A robust data-driven model for flapping aerodynamics under different hovering kinematics
Authors: Calado Andre , Poletti Romain , Koloszar Lilla K. , Mendez Miguel A.
Published: March 2023

Flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are highly maneuverable, bio-inspired drones that can assist in surveys and rescue missions. Flapping wings generate various unsteady lift enhancement mechanisms challenging the derivation of reduced models to predict instantaneous aerodynamic performance. In this work, we propose a robust data-driven, quasi-steady reduced order model (ROM) to predict the lift and drag coefficients within a flapping cycle. The model is derived for a rigid ellipsoid wing with different parameterized kinematics in hovering conditions. The proposed ROM is built via a two-stage regression. The first stage, defined as “in-cycle” (IC), computes the parameters of a regression linking the aerodynamic coefficients to the instantaneous wing state. The second stage, defined as “out-of-cycle,” links the IC weights to the flapping features that define the flapping motion. The training and test datasets were generated via high-fidelity simulations using the overset method, spanning a wide range of Reynolds numbers and flapping kinematics. The two-stage regressor combines ridge regression and Gaussian process regression to provide estimates of the model uncertainties. The proposed ROM shows accurate aerodynamic predictions for a wide range of kinematics. The model performs best for smooth kinematics that generates a stable leading edge vortex (LEV). Remarkably accurate predictions are also observed in dynamic scenarios where the LEV is partially shed, the non-circulatory forces are considerable, and the wing encounters its own wake.
Comparing classical electrodynamic theories predicting deformation of a water droplet in a tightly focused Gaussian beam
Authors: Warner Cael , Wang Chun-Sheng , Chau Kenneth J.
Published: March 2023

Optical forces are used to accelerate and trap water droplets in applications such as remote spectroscopy and noninvasive surgery. However, the microscopic deformation of droplets is difficult to predict. In this work, the local electrodynamic impulse imparted by a focused laser beam to a water droplet is numerically modeled via a simulation that invokes intensive conservation of electrodynamic and kinetic momentum. Electrodynamic momentum is modeled locally using a D3Q7 electrodynamic lattice-Boltzmann method, and kinetic momentum is modeled locally using a multi-phase D3Q27 weighted-orthogonal lattice-Boltzmann method. Six different electrodynamic theories are implemented in the simulation domain predicting three unique types of droplet dynamics driven by differences in the direction and distribution of force density. The unique water droplet morphology affects the center-of-mass acceleration of the droplet. This study suggests that empirical measurement of the light-driven acceleration of a droplet may help to validate a single electrodynamic theory.