bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Listening Skills to Older Second Language Learners: The Students’ Perspective
Authors: Słowik Agata
Published: March 2020

Most modern ELT course books and language courses are designed to address one of four language skills at the time to ensure that enough time and attention is devoted to each one of them. Despite the fact that listening is included as one of these skills, it usually receives the least attention from teachers, who do not utilize the full potential of the exercises. The problem arises from miscategorising listening as a “passive” skill, which can be learnt effortlessly by simple exposure to the target language. In reality, listening can be taught but it is a rather demanding process, requiring more preparation from teachers as well as their willingness to demonstrate and share their extensive knowledge about sounds, decoding strategies and different listening techniques, which in turn aids students in identifying targets for practice. The aforementioned issue, i.e. treating listening as a passive skill and not using all possible teaching strategies associated with listening exercises, applies to all groups of students; however, older adult learners seem to be the most affected by it. The reason why older adults consider listening as one of the most challenging tasks stems from their reduced cognitive abilities and common hearing problems, which results in decreased speech comprehension ability and thus makes learning new languages even more challenging to them. The primary objective of the following article is thus to analyse student feedback in relation to listening exercises and to suggest possible improvements to teaching listening skills. Acquired results and conclusions shall serve as a basis for a possible expansion of the survey by adding teachers’ perspective and observa­tions in the future.
The Faces of Janus: Issues of Justice in Wumi Raji’s „Another Life” and Julie Okoh’s „A Haunting Past”
Authors: Okolocha H. Oby
Published: March 2020

The focus of this article is on the question of social justice in contemporary Nigeria as de­picted in Wumi Raji’s Another Life and Julie Okoh’s A Haunting Past. Using analogies to the Roman god, Janus and John Rawls’s assertions on the concept of justice as the basis for analysis, the article evaluates the nature of justice in Nigerian society: the operations of the legal system, the role of law enforcement agents, crime and punishment, and the application of justice in the Nigerian electoral process, as these issues are presented in the plays. Both plays rely heavily on irony to illustrate that in Nigeria, the application of law is arbitrary; and that oppression and violence are integral parts of politics and governance. The article further argues that, like Janus, the Roman god, the concept of justice in contemporary Nigerian society, and by extension, African societies, is two-faced; it can be good or ugly depending on which side an individual finds himself/herself at any point in time. The article shows that the same social institutions and persons entrusted to uphold justice are those who perpetrate forms of injustice. Ironically, in Nigeria, and as the two playwrights seem to suggest, justice and injustice are the same god, wearing different faces at different times.
On the Relevance of the Syntactic Flexibility of an Idiom for Its Recognition: Experimental Evidence from Polish
Authors: Witkowski Wojciech , Błaszczak Joanna , Gulgowski Piotr , Kędzierska Hanna , Klimek-Jankowska Dorota
Published: March 2020

The article is a contribution to a long-standing discussion on how idioms are represented and accessed in the mental lexicon. More specifically, in a timed cloze response study we investigate high and low syntactic flexibility idioms in Polish in order to find out whether the degree of syntactic flexibility influences the ease and time of idioms’ recognition. By doing so we contribute to the question of whether idioms are differently represented in the lexicon depending on their syntactic flexibility, as suggested by Nunberg et al. 1994 and Gibbs and Nayak 1989, or whether all idioms independent of their syntactic flexibility are represented lexically in the same hybrid way, as suggested by Cutting and Bock 1997 and Sprenger et al. 2006. The results of our study support the latter view.
Is a Step through the Door a Way to Take a Doorstep? A Psycholinguistic Study on Polish Compound Words
Authors: Hwaszcz Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

The present study concentrates on the organization of the mental lexicon with regard to semantic transparency in the representation of Polish compounds. Its aim was to test current approaches to the processing of morphologically complex words in a lexical decision experiment with the use of visually presented Polish compound and simple words. The existing psycholinguistic approaches centre around the same question: are complex words parsed into their constituent parts or are they stored as full-word representations in the human mental lexicon? I referred to five widely acknowledged models of morphological processing to account for the outcomes of the present study. The data reveal that: i transparent compounds primed by words semantically related to the heads of these transparent compounds elicited faster response times than opaque compounds within the same condition; and ii priming speeds up the processing for both transparent and opaque compounds. The results indicate that the processing of Polish compound words is influenced by semantic transparency and that both transparent and opaque compounds are decomposed into their constituents prior to lexical access.
Between and Beyond Intersex and Transgender Studies: A Review of Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives, Stefan Horlacher ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016
Authors: Więckowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

This review assesses Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives 2016, edited by Stefan Horlacher. Inspired by the international and interdisciplinary conference on “Transgender and Intersex in the Arts, Science and Society” that was held in 2012 in Dresden and that gathered researchers, activists, and artists working in transgender and intersex studies, the collection aims at mapping potential alliances between intersex and transgender positions, while acknowledging that the interests of transgender and intersex communities and researchers may be conflicting, if not at times contradictory. The volume adopts a non-hierarchical, multiperspectival, and interdisciplinary approach to examine a variety of issues related to gender variance and politics of recognition. Accordingly, the articles focus on those processes and texts that have played major roles in deconstructing and reconstructing gender identities during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and present analyses of legal and sociopolitical issues, theoretical perspectives and dilemmas, and literary and visual representations. The diverse topics and perspectives embrace the ethical framework of human rights, so as to inquire into the ways through which the lives and representations of marginalized groups can be improved.
Challenges in the Study of “Spanish” Loanwords in Late Medieval and Early Modern English
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda
Published: March 2020

The study of copious Latin and French loanwords which entered the English language in the Middle Ages and the early modern period has tended to eclipse the appreciation of more limited—yet equally noteworthy—lexical contributions from other languages. One of such languages, Spanish, is the focus of this article. A concise overview of the Spanish influence on English throughout its history will help to contextualize a set of lexicographical data from the OED which has received scant attention in research into the influence of Spanish on English, that is, lexis dating to the late medieval and early modern period. It re-evaluates the underlying Arabic influx in English common to Spanish and revisits some of the lexicographical challenges in tracing the etymology of words which could have potentially been borrowed from a range of Romance languages.
Cowboy and Samurai Values and Their Exponents in the Western "A Fistful of Dollars" (1964) and Its Predecessor the Samurai Movie "Yojimbo" (1961): Proposal of a Methodological Framework for Axiological Analyses of Multimodal Filmic Texts
Authors: Stańko Paweł
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the issue of valuations and values in the chosen movies linked by the relationship of remaking. Its goal is to show that the complexity of multimodal texts, to which filmic texts and therefore remakes belong, makes it necessary to examine the axiological level of film texts too. In this way we hope to prove that the amply justified and evidenced axiological aspects of language cf. Krzeszowski, Angels, Aspekty, Equivalence; Puzynina, “Językoznawstwo”, Język are also a property of primarily visual film texts. Consequently, the very aspects of the relationship of remaking itself that the two films share, i.e. the fact that the film A Fistful of Dollars 1964 is a remake of Yojimbo 1961, is not examined in this paper. Instead, we restricted our attempt to showing how axiological charges and values are expressed in the process of remaking. The basis of the analysis is the compositional level and the compositional-narrative structure of filmic texts, a choice which correlates with the approach to multimodality of filmic texts described in Post Film. The sample axiological analysis presented in the fourth section of this paper relies on the approaches of Krzeszowski Angels, Meaning, Puzynina “Językoznawstwo”, Język and Post Film. With the instruments selected from these works we underline the differences and similarities between values and axiological charges present in both films as well as their importance and impact on the overall meaning of filmic segments.
The Unbounded: On the Fragmentation Strategies in B. S. Johnson’s Novel
Authors: Lutostański Bartosz
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the fragmentation strategies in B. S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates from the perspective of the theory of the novel, realism and literary sociology. This framework facilitates an investigation into the novel’s construction: ranging from the global level of text organisation, typographical construction and formal composition, down to the local level of semantic structure and syntax. Analytic conclusions suggest that fragmentation is ubiquitous, which leads to the violation of most of the novel’s components, its traditional and conventional elements, with an overriding impact on the narrative. As a result, The Unfortunates maintains its narrative coherence on the basis of different textual cues and generates its semantic potentialities in an alternative way. This to say, the novel’s “methodology” rests on the narrative agent, the act of narrating and meta-narration. These features contribute to what commonly passes as experimentalism of The Unfortunates.
Sociopaths as Antiheroes of Streaming Media
Authors: Zdunkiewicz Lech
Published: March 2020

Unlike their traditional counterparts, contemporary TV antiheroes are becoming increasingly non-empathetic. Despite their dislikable qualities, they succeed in attracting audiences. I consider two factors that may be influencing their popularity. The first involves viewers’ increasing familiarity with storytelling techniques and their resulting gravitation towards narratives capable of challenging their story schemas. The second aspect concerns the entertainment industry’s transformations. Aware of their well-watched audiences’ expectations, studios are turning to novelists to pursue more defamiliarizing forms. I discuss The Assassination of Gianni Versace 2018 as an example of a series that experiments with viewers’ affective responses towards its sociopathic protagonist. I argue that the writer’s choices extricate Versace from the formulaic justice-is-served narrative, thus appealing to those consumers additionally motivated by, what researchers call, eudaemonic concerns.
Zur Rolle der Bildhaftigkeit in der Konstituierung der Semantik von Idiomen
Authors: Sulikowska Anna
Published: March 2020

Aus der semantischen Perspektive besteht die Bedeutung der Idiome aus zwei Komponenten: aus der literalen wörtlichen Bedeutung und aus der lexikalisierten übertragenen, phraseologischen Bedeutung. Üblicherweise wird angenommen, dass die beiden Komponenten voneinander unabhängig sind: Die Idiomatizität beruht nämlich darauf, dass sich die lexikalisierte Bedeutung nicht aus den Komponenten einer Mehrwortverbindung ableiten lässt. Die neueren kognitiven und psycholinguis­tischen Untersuchungen verweisen dennoch auf den Einfluss der bildlichen Komponente, die durch die wörtliche Bedeutung evoziert wird, auf die lexikalisierte Bedeutung des Idioms. In der folgenden Untersuchung wird an Hand von drei synonymen Idiomen überprüft, welche Rolle die bildliche Komponente in der Semantik der Phraseologismen spielt. On the role of pictorial aspect in idioms’ semanticsIn the semantic perspective the meaning of an idiom is built of two components: the literal verbatim and the lexicalized figurative meaning. The usual point of view is to regard the two meanings as independent from each other. The idiomaticity consists in the fact that the lexicalized meaning cannot be derived from components of a word group. The latest research in the field of cognitive science and psycholinguistics emphasizes the influence of the mental image which is evoked while receiving an utterance. This literal representation exerts an influence on the lexicalized meaning of an idiom. The present study proves on three idioms the role of pictorial aspect in idioms’ semantics.
Weibliche Ohnmacht und Gewalt in Elfriede Jelineks Der Tod und das Mädchen III Rosamunde. Performative Lektüren
Authors: Giménez Calpe Ana
Published: March 2020

In dem Dramolett Rosamunde, dem dritten der fünf Prinzessinendramen, die den Zyklus Der Tod und das Mädchen I-V bilden, zitiert und verfremdet Elfriede Jelinek ein romantisches Stück von Helmina von Chézy, einer Autorin des 19. Jahrhunderts, die nicht sehr erfolgreich mit ihren Texten war. Dieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie die im Text verwendete diskursive Gewalt eine strukturelle, soziale und implizite Gewalt gegen Frauen sichtbar macht. Ausgehend von der performativen Theorie von Judith Butler, sollen die Strategien erforscht werden, mit denen der Text den etablierten Diskurs, der Weiblichkeit und Ohnmacht verbindet, destabilisiert und eine Reartikulation von hate speech möglich macht.Female powerlessness and violence in Elfriede Jelinek’s Der Tod und das Mädchen III Rosamunde. Performative readingsIn the mini-drama Rosamunde, the third of the five Prinzessinnendramen, which form the cycle Der Tod und das Mädchen I–V, Elfriede Jelinek quotes and paraphrases a romantic play written by Helmina von Chézy, a female author of the 19th century who earned little fame with her writings. This article explores the use of discursive violence to demonstrate that its use in the text uncovers social, structural and implicit violence against women. Based on Judith Butler’s idea of performativity, the paper examines the way Jelinek’s text destabilizes the standardized role models, which connect femininity with powerlessness, and further questions and disturbs the use of hate speech.
Die Erfahrung der Liminalität in Alexandra Tobors Roman Sitzen vier Polen im Auto. Teutonische Abenteuer
Authors: Szymańska Eliza
Published: March 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem 2013 veröffentlichten Roman Sitzen vier Polen im Auto. Teutonische Abenteuer von Alexandra Tobor. Als eine Geschichte des Dazwischen-Seins, kann es als ein Diagnostikum des Schwellenzustands verstanden werden. Da in dem Buch eine Migrationsgeschichte erzählt wird, bietet es sich auch an, den Roman nach Turners dreiteiligem Liminalität-Modell zu untersuchen. Demnach sei zu analysieren, inwieweit die Zeit in Polen als eine Bruch- und Trennungsphase, der Aufenthalt im Aussiedlerlager als die Schwellen- oder Übergangsphase und die Zeit in der deutschen Schule als die Angliederungs- oder Reintegrationsphase aufgefasst werden darf. Somit ist der Beitrag ein Versuch der Operationalisierung der genannten Kategorie der Liminalität.Experience of liminality in the novel by Alexandra Tobor Sitzen vier Polen im Auto. Teutonische Abenteuer This article is devoted to Alexandra Tobot’s novel Sitzen vier Polen im Auto. Teutonische Abenteuer published in 2013. As a story of “being in-between” the text enables one to analyse the omnipresent state of being in a limbo. At the same time we deal with a migrational story, so we are given the possibility of analysing the novel in the context of Victor Turner’s three-part liminal model. The author of the article has been looking for an answer to the following question: To what extent can the time spent in Poland be understood as a stage of exclusion, the time spent in the refugee camp as a transitory stage and the time at a German school as the stage of integration? In this way the article is an attempt at putting the category of liminality into operation.
Das germanische Wort für ‘Seehund’ *selxaz
Authors: Sadziński Witold , Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Der germanische Tiername *selxaz m. ‘Robbe’, vorzugsweise ‘Gemeine Robbe, Phoca vitulina L.’, wurde bislang nicht zufriedenstellend vom etymologischen wie morphonologischen Standpunkt her hergeleitet. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dafür plädiert, hierfür in der indogermanischen Protospra­che *tsel-ə2k-s m. ‘kleines Kriechtier; Schnecke, Schildkröte’, eine diminuierende Suffixbildung – mit dem Suffix *-ə2k- – zum Verbalstamm *tsel- ‘kriechen’, als Etymonvorlage anzusetzen. Die damaligen Germanen dürften im Norden den Robben, großen Seesäugetieren, die sich am Lande schwerfällig fortbewegen, begegnet sein. Sie nannten sie dementsprechend *sel-ə2k-o-s m. ‘großes Kriechtier’ > ‘Robbe’ > germ. *selxaz m. ‘Robbe’, indem sie die bereits existierende Suffixbildung *tsel-ə2k-s m. ‘kleines Kriechtier’ nunmehr um das Augmentativsuffix *-o- erweitert hatten.The Germanic word for ‘seal’ *selxazThe Germanic term *selxaz m. ‘seal’, especially ‘harbor seal, Phoca vitulina L.’, has not been ex­plained so far from the etymological and morphological point of view. It is suggested in this paper that there was an Indo-European word *tsel-ə2k-s m. ‘small crawling animal, snail, tortoise’, derived from the verbal root *tsel- ‘to crawl’ by means of the diminutive suffix *-ə2k-. The Proto-Germans in Northern Europe met seals, i.e. big marine mammals, which move on the earth with difficulty. They called this animal *sel-ə2k-o-s m. ‘big crawling animal’ > ‘seal’, hence Gm. *selxaz m. ‘Phoca’.
Flüchtlingsschicksal im Jugendroman „Hesmats Flucht” 2008 von Wolfgang Böhmer. Ein Fallbeispiel für Realistisches Schreiben über Afghanistan in der deutschsprachigen KJL
Authors: Wolting Monika
Published: March 2020

In dem Beitrag wird das Thema einer literarischen Darstellung eines Flüchtlingsschicksals erörtert. Hier ist vorrangig von Interesse die Weise, wie der Autor, Wolfgang Böhmer, die Figur eines Ju­gendlichen, Hesmat und seine Fluchtaus Afghanistan literarisch aufarbeitet. In den zentralen Punkt der Überlegungen rückt der Realitätsanspruch des Romans, der seine Bestätigung im aussagekräf­tigen Nachwort findet.Refugee fate in the adolescence novel Hesmats Flucht 2008 by Wolfgang Böhmer. A Case Study presented a realistic writing about Afganistan within the Germanchildren and youth literature Within this article I would like to discuss the topic of a literative representing of a refugeeʼs fate. The point of view is focussed on the way how the author Wolfgang Böhmer, is figuring out literally the character of a young man, Hesmat and his escaping route out of Afghanistan. The main issue ofthe reflections is the demand of reality in the novel confirmed in themeaningful afterword.
Zur Differenzierung zwischen konventionellen und nicht konventionellen Metaphern
Authors: Feret Magdalena Zofia
Published: March 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine Fortsetzung und Vervollständigung von Forschungen der Autorin zu konventionellen und nicht konventionellen Metaphern dar, deren Ergebnisse bei Feret 2016 veröffentlicht worden sind. Zuerst wird auf die Charakteristik von Metaphern eingegangen, wobei unterschiedliche Ansätze zur Differenzierung zwischen konventionellen und nicht konventionellen Metaphern präsentiert und kommentiert werden. In Anlehnung daran werden Kriterien herausgearbeitet, nach denen man unterscheiden kann, ob es sich bei dem jeweiligen Ausdruck um eine konventionelle oder aber eine nicht konventionelle Metapher handelt. Die herausgearbeiteten Kriterien werden danach an ausgewählten Beispielen von metaphorischen Ausdrücken ausgewertet.On differentiating between conventional and unconventionalmetaphorsThis paper refers to the analysis by Feret 2016. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson 1980, 1999. First, various approaches to the ways of defining and distinguishing the terms ‘conventional metaphor’ and ‘unconventional metaphor’ are discussed. Based on this discussion, the criteria for determining if we deal with a conventional metaphor or an unconventional one were developed and the analysis of the selected examples was conducted.
Rola sądów administracyjnych w nowozelandzkim systemie prawnym
Authors: Siekiera Joanna
Published: March 2020

The administrative tribunals in the New Zealand legal systemThe article describes administrative judiciary in New Zealand, as well as its significant role in the whole legal system of the country. The development of administrative tribunals in many countries may differ, as it is associated with the constantly increasing power of any state bodies. Administrative competences do gradually rise due to the complexity of New Zealand society, but also as a response to non-compliance with social justice. In New Zealand, state carries out the functions which until recently were, or in certain countries are still, in private hands. In addition, the New Zealand administrative law system includes such institutions as the Court of Copyright, the Office of Pharmacy or the College of Appeal Land.
Iniuria post mortem testatoris w prawie rzymskim okresu klasycznego w świetle koncepcji iniuria indirecta
Authors: Nowicka Dobromiła
Published: March 2020

Iniuria post mortem testatoris in Roman law of the classical period in the light of the concept of iniuria indirectaThe aim of the article is to analyse regulations concerning injury to personality associated with deeds committed directly against acorpse, funeral rites or atestator’s reputation. The author’s reflections focus on the classification of these infringements as indirect injury to the testator’s reputation as proposed in the doctrine. Apart from undeniable shared features of iniuria post mortem testatoris and other cases of iniuria indirecta, we can point to significant differences stemming primarily from alack of possibility — even if only potential — of direct iniuria if adeed is committed against a corpse or the testator’s reputation. This feature, in turn, seems to be present in all other cases classified as indirect iniuria. It should also be stressed that in the case of iniuria post mortem testatoris it is impossible to apply any of the criteria indicated as the basis for regarding specific behaviour as aslight to the reputation not only directly of the injured party but also other individuals whose reputation is injured only indirectly as aresult of the perpetrator’s actions.Iniuria post mortem testatoris nach römischem Recht der klassischen Periode im Hinblick auf das Konzept der iniuria indirectaIn dem Artikel wurden Textfragmente analysiert, die die Verletzung der Persönlichkeit aufgrund der Handlungen betreffen, die sich direkt gegen den Leichnam, die Trauerfeierlichkeiten oder den Ruf des Nachlassgebers richten. Die in der Doktrin vorgeschlagene Qualifikation, derartige Verletzungen für eine indirekte Verletzung des guten Rufs des Nachlassgebers zu halten, stellt den Kern der Überlegungen dar. Außer den gemeinsamen Merkmalen der iniuria post mortem testatoris und der anderen Fälle der iniuria indirecta, können weitgehende Unterschiede genannt werden, die sich vor allem daraus ergeben, dass es keine, auch eine potentielle Möglichkeit einer direkten iniuria in Bezug auf den Leichnam oder den guten Ruf des Nachlassgebers gibt. Und dieses Merkmal wiederum scheint in sämtlichen anderen Fällen aufzutreten, die als indirekte iniuria gelten. Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass kein der Kriterien, die als Grundlage gelten, ein bestimmtes Verhalten für ein den guten Ruf nicht nur des direkt Benachteiligten verletzendes zu erklären, aber auch einer anderen Person, deren Reputation infolge der Handlungen des Täters lediglich indirekt verletzt wird, im Falle einer iniuria post mortem testatoris Anwendung findet.
Zjazd książąt śląskich z 1329 roku
Authors: Ptak Marian J.
Published: March 2020

The Congress of Silesian dukes of 1329The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg and Głogów line Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa. They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge aus dem Jahre 1329Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg und Glogauer Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist.
Charakter prawny uchwał organów spółek kapitałowych na tle problematyki sporów korporacyjnych
Authors: Glinka Justyna , Chyla Łukasz
Published: March 2020

The legal nature of resolutions of the governing bodies of corporate companies against the background of corporate disputesControversies accompanying corporate disputes are detrimental to the confidence of trade and eco­nomic turnover. The legal nature of resolutions of corporate bodies in companies is an issue of cur­rent relevance which is intrinsically linked to many further aspects of corporate disputes, including appealing against resolutions. The said issue requires comprehensive commentary primarily because sometimes the availability of a particular remedy is governed by the prior determination of legal nature of the contested act of will. Statements presented in doctrine and jurisprudence are not consistent in the presented matter. Taking into account the autonomous procedure of appealing only against the shareholders’ resolu­tions art. 249–254 or art. 422–427 of the Code of Commercial Companies, which is independent of legal nature of contested resolution, the burden of the problem, at first glance, focuses on the resolutions of other bodies the management board, the supervisory board and the audit committee. However, when considering, for instance, the concept of non-existent resolutions, it turns out that the problem relates to resolutions of all corporate bodies. Not to mention the issue of defects of will, regulated in art. 82–88 of the Civil Code. To answer whether a flawed resolution is appealable on the background of the general provisions art. 58 of the Civil Code in connection with art. 189 of the Code of Civil Procedure, firstly, it must be determined whether a specific resolution can be qualified as a legal act.The Authors of the article, beside presentation of dominant concepts on the legal nature of resolution, specify the importance of the said issue to the whole matter of corporate disputes and identify the most convincing solutions.
Prawo do bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego w realizacji prawa do zgromadzeń. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Zabłocki Jakub
Published: March 2020

The right to safety and public order in the exercise of the right to assembly. Selected issuesThe subject of the article is the issue of security and public order, analyzed on the basis of the imple­mentation of the constitutional right of assembly. The existing Law on Assembly contains numerous provisions on the need for security measures, both in the preparation of the assembly as well as in its course. Obligations are related both to the municipality as well as the organizer. The author makes an interpretation of selected statutory provisions with respect to the position of law and jurisprudence of the courts.
Poglądy legislatorów Polski stanisławowskiej na zasadę równości w projektach reform praw kryminalnych
Authors: Wiązek Paweł
Published: March 2020

From the history of criminal law thought in Poland of King Stanislaus’s era: legislators’ polemics over the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate countryThe article is devoted to the reform of criminal law in 18th-century Poland and is one of the effect of many years of research in the field. In analysing selected views, draft legislation and legal regulations from the reign of the last king of Poland, the author focuses on the polemic surrounding the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate country. At the same he tries to note similarities and differences in the views of legislators of the Enlightenment period, exploring the reasons for and the nature of the divergencies in their positions.Die Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Poniatowski Zeit betreffend den Grundsatz der Gleichheit in den Reformprojekten der KriminalrechteDie Publikation ist der Problematik der Reform des Strafrechtes in Polen im 18. Jahrhundert gewidmet und stellt ein Teilergebnis vieljähriger Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich dar. Bei der Analyse ausgesuchter Meinungen, legislativer Entwürfe und rechtlicher Regelungen aus der Regie­rungszeit des letzten Monarchen der Republik Polen vor den Teilungen konzentriert derVerfasser seine Aufmerksamkeit auf der Polemik um den Grundsatz der Gleichheit im Strafrecht in den Rea­lien des Ständestaates. Der Verfasser versucht gleichzeitig Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede in den Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Aufklärung zu finden, indem er Ursachen und den Charakter der eventuellen Abweichungen sucht, die in ihren Meinungen auftreten.
Rozwój sądownictwa w sprawach o zbrodnie stanu w przedrozbiorowej Polsce
Authors: Wiązek Paweł
Published: March 2020

Development of the judicial system in cases of high treason in pre-partition PolandThe author analyses the establishment and development of the Sejm Court Parliamentary Court over the several centuries of its history, and illustrates its final in pre-partition Poland legal form as the highest jurisdiction in cases of high treason, leaving aside the constitution of the Grodno Sejm of 1793, as it contributes little to the matter in question. When describing the history of the Sejm Court, presenting suggestions and opinions, and formulating them almost exclusively on the basis of the sources contained in Volumina Legum, the author seeks to describe the evolution of this jurisdiction from the times when it was merely the royal court to the period when it became a professional tribunal ruling in cases of high treason. He also refers to selected literature on the subject and other sources, but only to a limited extent. To demonstrate the evolution of one of the most important judicial institution in pre-partition Poland was the main inspiration for the author in tackling the subject and presenting his final conclusions.Entwicklung der Gerichtsbarkeit in Verfahren bei Verbrechen gegen Staat und Regierung in Polen vor den Teilungen Der Verfasser der Publikation versucht, den Entstehungsprozess und die Entwicklung des Sejm-gerichtes im Zeitraum von mehreren Hundert Jahren seiner Geschichte zu analysieren und seine endgültige, in Polen vor den Teilungen, Rechtsgestalt als höchste Gerichtsbarkeit in Sachen wegen Verbrechen gegen Staat und Regierung zu veranschaulichen. Nicht berücksichtigt wurden dabei die nicht viel in diese Materie einbringenden Verfassungen des Sejm von Grodno aus dem Jahre 1793.Er versucht, unter Beschreibung der Geschichte des Sejmgerichtes, mit seinen Vorschlägen und Meinungen, die fast ausschließlich auf Grund von Quellen formuliert werden, die in Volumina Legum zusammengefügt wurden, den Prozess der Evolution dieser Gerichtsbarkeit seit der Zeit, als es nur ein königliches Hofgericht bildete, bis in die Zeit zu schildern, als es zu einem professionellen in Standessachen erkennenden Tribunal wurde. In einem begrenzten Umfang bedient er sich gewählter Fachliteratur und anderer Quellen. Die Evolution einer der wichtigsten Gerichtsinstitutionen des alten Polens zu schildern, war die grundlegende Inspiration für den Verfasser, diese Frage zu bearbeiten und Schlussfolgerungen zu formulieren.
„Spoliatus ante omnia restituendus est. Spuilzie” jako szkocka metoda restytucji utraconego posiadania
Authors: Szymura Mateusz
Published: March 2020

Spoliatus ante omnia restituendus est. Spuilzie as a Scottish method of restitution of lost propertyThe author of the study tries to answer the question about the theory of the nature of possession in Scottish jurisprudence on the basis of the existing model of possessory protection. To this end he analyses spuilzie — a Scottish remedy to seek restitution, popular especially in the 17th and 18th centuries.He presents the views of the most important Scottish jurists, regarded as institutional writers of the day: James Dalrymple, Viscount of Stair; Andrew MacDougall, Lord Bankton; and John Erskine of Carnock. In addition, he presents the case law of Scotland’s Supreme Court Court of Session concerning the subject matter in question.The problems analysed by the author are as follows: the origins and ways of defining the legal basis of the remedy, its legal nature, capacity to sue, separate procedures and forms of defence employed by the sued party in spuilzie cases.Spoliatus ante omnia restituendes est.Spuilzie als schottische Methode der Restitution des entgangenen BesitzesIn der Bearbeitung wurde versucht, die Frage nach der führenden Theorie in der schottischen Rechtslehre für die Entscheidung über die Natur des Besitzes, gestützt auf das geltende Modell des possessorischen Schutzes, zu beantworten. Zu diesem Ziel wurde die spuilzie — schottische Restitutionsklage analysiert, die besonders populär im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert gewesen ist.In dem Aufsatz wurden die Ansichten der führenden Rechtsautoritäten präsentièrt. Gemeint sind hier die als institutionelle Schreiber institutional writers anerkannten: der Viscount von Stair — James Dalrymple, der Lord Bankton — Andrew MacDouall sowie John Erskine aus Carnock. Es wurde auch die führende Rechtsprechung des schottischen Obersten Gerichtes Sessionsgericht in diesem Bereich vorgestellt.Die Erwägungen wurden aufgrund folgender Problematik geführt: Genesis und Art der Definierung der rechtlichen Grundlagen der Klage und ihres rechtlichen Charakters, der Klagebefugnis, der im Rahmen der Verfahren wegen spuilzie bestehender Verfahrensbesonderheiten und der durch den Beklagten präsentierten Verteidigungsformen.
Strategia rozwoju systemów teleinformatycznych krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego
Authors: Sobieraj Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

The strategy of development of ICT systems of the national firefighting and rescue systemThe strategy of development of ICT systems in alerting the local society is an important element of planning and management of the civil defense of the country. How to carefully plan the development of systems that will enable proper alerting? What public alert systems are effective and what should be modernized? The development strategy attempts to answer the questions about the direction in which it is necessary to go, that the alerting should be based on proven telecommunications systems, but also be adapted to the rapidly growing Polish society.
Definiowanie pojęć w prawie podatkowym a ustalenie nowego innego znaczenia danego określenia
Authors: Borszowski Paweł
Published: March 2020

Defining concepts in tax law and establishing a new different meaning of the termThe article analyzes one of the basic defining concepts in tax law. It is about creating a new meaning of the term. The author indicates that the tax legislator creating such concepts does not use determinants. The article indicates the first and second degree determinants for the creation of these definitions.
Zmiany polskiego prawa samorządowego w 1938 roku
Authors: Podkowski Marek
Published: March 2020

Changes in the Polish local government law in 1938The article presents the most important changes in the Polish local government law introduced in 1938. They were the last major regulations in this respect before the outbreak of the Second World War. They resulted from regular legislative activities as well as experiences of previous years with applying such legal solutions. The regulations concerned the status of the cities of Gdynia and Warsaw; receivables of municipalities from the settlements of accounts with the owners of the abolished areas under landowners’ rule; elections to village, commune, city and district councils; as well as shortening of the term in office of some local government bodies.Änderungen des polnischen Selbstverwaltungsrechtes von 1938Der Aufsatz stellt die wichtigeren, im Jahre 1938 eingeführten Änderungen im polnischen Selbstverwaltungsrecht vor. Es waren die letzten wesentlichen Regulierungen in diesem Bereich vor dem Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Diese waren verursacht durch normale gesetzgebende Tätigkeit und Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre bei Anwendung dieser rechtlichen Entscheidungen. Sie betrafen die Struktur der Städte Gdingen und Warschau, die den Gemeinden auf Grund der Abrechnung mit den Eigentümern der abgetragenen Hofgebiete geschuldeten Beträge, die Wahlen in die Räte der Gromaden, Gemeinden, Städte und Kreise sowie die Kürzung der Amtsperiode einiger struktureller Organe der territorialen Selbstverwaltung.
La correspondance de Jean Chapelain : témoignage d’une amitié sincère et utilitaire entre hommes de lettres
Authors: Kulesza Monika
Published: March 2020

LETTERS OF JEAN CHAPELAIN: EVIDENCE OF HONEST AND USEFUL FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN MEN OF LETTERSJean Chapelain corresponded with the most well-known writers, intellectuals and men of power. He was an authority in literature, a critic and theoretician, he advised Colbert but, at the same time, he was an object of mockery, a person in need of support from his friends. The article describes Chape­lain’s relations with friends where the aspect of usefulness, granting favours, reading and reviewing one another’s works plays an important role in developing honest friendship.
Partycypacja czy emancypacja? Zamiast Wprowadzenia
Authors: Matysek-Imielińska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Participation or Emancipation? Instead of an IntroductionThis article provides arguments why the category of participation should be reconsidered today. The conceptualisation of participation in culture in the area of different cultural turns has led to the development of various strategies for activating a culture participant. The consequences of transforming the assumed passive attitude into active might be regarded, after Markus Miessen, as the nightmare of participation. I consider whether Jacques Rancière’s proposal of “the emancipated spectator” shall be treated as an attempt to get out of this nightmare.
„Nie tańczysz sama przed lustrem. Oni na ciebie patrzą!”. Taniec brzucha jako afektywna strategia uczestnictwa w kulturze w filmie „Czerwony jedwab”
Authors: Łapińska Joanna
Published: March 2020

“You’re not dancing alone in front of the mirror. They are looking at you!” Belly Dance as an Affective Strategy of Participation in Culture in Satin RougeThe article analyses the film portraits of women performing belly dancing Satin Rouge, 2002 Raja Amari. The film tells the story of awoman who after the death of her husband indulges in entertainment rather unsuitable for aGod-fearing Arab woman: belly dance in aTunis nightclub. The article focuses on dance as an affective strategy of participation in culture. Belly dance understood as aconscious work on one self and abody allows women to express their subjectivity and feel like an individual entity. Female dancing body has the power to affect — the ability to influence other bodies and to express oneself — and thus may create room for negotiation within the hegemonic discourse of men’s power over women in the Arab world.
Garden Palace rozebrany do kości. Sztuka jako anamneza
Authors: Wolska Dorota
Published: March 2020

Garden Palace stripped to the bone. Art as anamnesisLondon’s Crystal Palace, the site of the first international exhibition in 1851 and the architectural symbol of modernity, was widely imitated not only in Europe. Sydney also had its crystal palace. The Australian Garden Palace, similarly to the ones in London, New York and Munich, burnt to the ground in 1882. In 2016 aboriginal artist Jonathan Jones tried to restore it in Australia’s collective memory. However, Jones’ project, barrangal dyara skin and bones, introduces a postcolonial perspective and recoveres the narratives that were repressed in White Australia, with the hope of working through the common past.
The Sociopolitical Dimension of the Neoatheistic Worldview
Authors: Sieczkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Socjopolityczny wymiar światopogląduneoateistycznegoCelem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja socjopolitycznego poziomu światopoglądu neoateistycznego. Po krótkim omówieniu mojego rozumienia pojęcia światopoglądu analizuję różne taktyki dyskursywne, które nowi ateiści wykorzystują w walce ze światopoglądem religijnym. Taktyki te obejmują konfrontację, agresję, radykalizm, ekspansywność, demitologizację i wybiórczość. Światopogląd neoateistyczny jest więc traktowany jako stanowisko otwarcie antagonistyczne wobec religii i jej roszczenia do udziału w sferze publicznej. Niemniej jednak istnieje powód, dla którego obecność argumentów neoateistcznych w debatach dotyczących miejsca religii w sferze publicznej jest pożądana.
Invented Religions: Some Remarks on Secularization in Siberia after Political Transformation
Authors: Topp-Wójtowicz Izolda
Published: March 2020

Religie wynalezione. O sekularyzacji na Syberii po politycznej transformacjiArtykuł skupia się na fenomenie „powrotu religii” na Syberii po pierestrojce. Autorka opisuje różne formy owego powrotu po okresie radzieckiej przymusowej ateizacji, wskazując tego powody oraz cechy charakterystyczne. Stawia tezę, że „powracające religie” mogą być traktowane jako „religie wynalezione”, których status i znaczenie jest oparte na autorytecie władzy politycznej i wy­maga ciągłych negocjacji.
Somaestetyka, władza cielesna i mikrofizyka emancypacji
Authors: Koczanowicz Leszek
Published: March 2020

Somesthetics, somapower, and microphysics of emancipationThe aim of the article is to analyze the resistance to the oppressive power in the everyday life with the stress on bodily practices which become the vehicle of emancipation. The article explores two important, but never adequately researched, theoretical fields: the body as a vehicle of social critique and the relation between everydayness and politics. I would like to address these two issues by discussing the debates on them unfolding in the contemporary social sciences and humanities. This will enable me to identify the existing gaps and suggest how they could be bridged. The main argument of the article is that we need an adequate concept of the relations between the body and power, which can emerge from the pragmatist tradition, developed and improved in this respect by Richard Shusterman’s neo-pragmatism.
"Tropicale". Uwikłane piękno
Authors: Jędrzejewska-Szmek Krystyna , Gniadek Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Tropicale: Difficult beautyThe University of Warsaw Botanic Garden has a collection of over 30,000 illustrations depicting plants, which were compiled by a famous Polish cleric Władysław Michał Zaleski 1852–1925, Archbishop and Apostolic Delegate of East India. This collection, entitled Flore Tropicale, is based mostly on illustrations from European botanical publications, but it gathers tropical plants from all continents. Digitalization and historical works on the collection contributed to the implementation of the artistic project in the form of a book titled Tropicale. The book refers to the classic style of botanical albums while also playing with this convention. Botanical illustrations have been juxtaposed with other archival materials left by Archbishop Zaleski, which come from his never-published Stories for Polish Youth. To combine this content, the book uses Japanese binding and hides a second, parallel story in its inner pages. This text describes the artistic and conceptual frameworks of the project in terms of book layout, images selection and editing as well as the context of botanical expeditions employed by Zaleski.
Metafory i narzędzia planetarnej kolonizacji. Od pierwszego globusa do Earth System Science
Authors: Jelewska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Metaphors and instruments of planetary colonization: From the first globe to Earth System ScienceThe purpose of the text is to look at one of the missions inscribed in the frame of modernity, that is, the design of the Earth as a whole, and thus perceiving it in terms of the globe and the planet. The essay describes three projects of the Earth treated as a globe, an Earth Spaceship, and an integrated Earth System Science creating a cyborg’s vision of the planet. Although they differ from each other in their historical, political and scientific background, these examples form a connected network of the Earth project in which the colonialism and imperialism of the first explorers are continued in the globalist-capitalist concepts of defining the planet as a sphere open to possible modifications implemented since the second half of the 20th century and transformations significantly affecting the functioning of the entire ecosystem.