bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debates sociais da Espanha nos anos 50, a partir do enfoque narrativo em Últimas Tardes con Teresa (1966), de Juan Marsé
Authors: Teixeira Romeu Da Silva
Published: January 2020

Juan Marsé nasceu em oito de janeiro de 1933, na cidade de Barcelona, Espanha. Escritor autodidata define-se como um romancista catalão que escreve em castelhano. Pertence ao grupo de jovens escritores que entre 1955 e 1970 procuram a superação da narrativa espanhola do ponto de vista das técnicas vigentes em seu tempo, e da visão crítica da realidade espanhola que eles próprios viveram, pois esses autores presenciaram a Guerra Civil Espanhola, sofreram as perdas de familiares e amigos e alguns foram exilados em outros países da Europa ou da América Latina. Relaciona-se com autores como Martín Santos, Juan e Luis Goytisolo, García Hortelano, compartilhando as suas características narrativas. Em 1966 publica Últimas tardes con Teresa, seu primeiro grande romance, que o faz ganhar o Prêmio Biblioteca Breve de Seix Barral. Suas obras, traduzidas para a maior parte de línguas do mundo, fizeram com que Barcelona ficasse conhecida até nos países mais distantes, pois a cidade é o cenário principal de suas obras.
Logophoricity and Locality: A View from French Anaphors
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle
Published: January 2020

In many unrelated languages, the same anaphor is either subject to Condition A of the binding theory, or exempt from it but with specific interpretive properties. On the basis of French data and crosslinguistic comparisons, I first show that such exempt anaphors must be anteceded by logophoric centers. Elaborating on but modifying Sells 1987 , I provide specific tests to argue that these logophoric antecedents can be classified into two kinds of perspective centers, attitude holders and empathy loci, thus reducing logophoricity to mental perspective. Next, I propose to derive the logophoricity of exempt anaphors from the following hypothesis: seemingly exempt anaphors are in fact bound by silent logophoric pronouns introduced by syntactically represented logophoric operators within their local domain. Crucially, this hypothesis, which is independently supported by exhaustive coreference constraints on locally cooccurring exempt anaphors, also accounts for their apparent exemption from Condition A, reanalyzed here as local binding by a silent logophoric binder.
Reducing the influence of intramodular connectivity in participation coefficient
Authors: Pedersen Mangor , Omidvarnia Amir , Shine James M. , Jackson Graeme D. , Zalesky Andrew
Published: January 2020

Both natural and engineered networks are often modular. Whether a network node interacts with only nodes from its own module or nodes from multiple modules provides insight into its functional role. The participation coefficient ( PC) is typically used to measure this attribute, although its value also depends on the size and connectedness of the module it belongs to and may lead to nonintuitive identification of highly connected nodes. Here, we develop a normalized PC that reduces the influence of intramodular connectivity compared with the conventional PC. Using brain, C. elegans, airport, and simulated networks, we show that our measure of participation is not influenced by the size or connectedness of modules, while preserving conceptual and mathematical properties, of the classic formulation of PC. Unlike the conventional PC, we identify London and New York as high participators in the air traffic network and demonstrate stronger associations with working memory in human brain networks, yielding new insights into nodal participation across network modules.
Moelleriella sinensis sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) from southeast China

Authors: CHEN YU-XI , XUE QING-LIN , XIE YONG-XIAO , KEYHANI NEMAT O. , GUAN XIA-YU , WEI XIU-YAN , ZHAO JUAN , YAN ZHONG , CHEN HUI , QIU JUN-ZHI , GUAN XIONG
Published: January 2020

Moelleriella sinensis, a fungal pathogen infecting whitefly nymphs (Hemiptera), is described and illustrated as a new species from Wu Yi Mountain in Fujian province, southeastern China. This species is characterized by producing a pale brown spore mass around whitish to pale yellow pulvinate stroma. In surveys of entomopathogenic fungal diversity, only the anamorphic state was found in collected stroma. Phylogenetic analyses using the nucleotide sequences derived from the nuclear ribosomal large subunit rRNA gene, RNA polymerase subunit 1, and translation elongation factor 1α, coupled to morphological characterization supports the placement of the isolate as a new species in a distinct lineage within Moelleriella.
Diversity and taxonomy of the intertidal patellogastropod limpets of the mainland Indian coastline
Authors: VAKANI BHAVIK , NAKANO TOMOYUKI , KUNDU RAHUL
Published: January 2020

We report the diversity, distribution and taxonomy of patellogastropod species from the entire mainland Indian coastline. A total of 77 coastal areas with rocky outcrops in the sandy shoreline, covering the entire mainland Indian coastline, were surveyed seasonally (four times a year) during December 2014 to December 2016. Coastal habitat characteristics and the diversity of all groups of limpets from the intertidal areas were recorded. Specimens were identified by external morphological shell and gill characteristics, by the colour of the foot, mantle fringe and radular characteristics. Ecological aspects like habitat preference were also used to distinguish species. Existing diagnostic characters were amended with newer characteristics emerged in our study. Seven species from two families, Nacellidae and Lottiidae, were found along the mainland Indian coastline. Each species is present with several polymorphic forms with different colour banding patterns. Our study revealed distinct variations in the radular teeth at the genus level, but less differences within genera. Patellogastropod diversity was greater along the west coast of India and only Cellana rota was available throughout the mainland Indian coastline.
New species and two new records of Erythroneurini from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae)
Authors: TAN CHAO , YUAN XIAO-WEI , SONG YUE-HUA
Published: January 2020

In the present paper, one new species and two new records of Erythroneurini from Guizhou Province, China are reported. The new species, Seriana bacilla sp. n. is described and illustrated. A key to distinguish all species of the genus is given. Another two species newly recorded from China, Empoascanara gracilis Dworakowska, 1992 and Tautoneura mayarami Mathew & Ramakrishnan, 1996, are redescribed and illustrated.
Tryphactothrips rutherfordi (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae): first description of the male
Authors: TYAGI KAOMUD , SINGHA DEVKANT , SINGHA DEVKANT , PAKRASHI AVAS , DAS MOUMITA , KUMAR VIKAS
Published: January 2020

The subfamily Panchaetothripinae (family Thripidae) is represented by 140 species under 40 genera (Thrips Wiki 2019). In India, 36 species under 16 genera are recorded (Tyagi & Kumar 2016, Tyagi et al. 2017, Rachana and Varatharajan, 2018, Johnson et al. 2019). The members of this subfamily are leaf-feeders and usually dark brown in colour with strongly reticulate sculpture on body, terminal antennal segments needle-shaped, tarsi 1- or 2-segmented, fore wing upper vein fused with costa. The genus Tryphactothrips was established by Bagnall (1919), and this genus remains monobasic with only Dinurothrips rutherfordi Bagnall from Sri Lanka as the type species. The genus Tryphactothrips can be distinguished from related genera by the presence of sculptured round areolae on abdominal segments. It is closely related to Anisopilothrips Stannard & Mitri but can be identified by paired sigmoidal setae on abdominal tergites (absent in Anisopilothrips), mesonotum without complete median longitudinal split (complete median longitudinal in Anisopilothrips). Recently, a series of both sexes of Tryphactothrips rutherfordi with banded fore wings was collected on fern from Kerala state of India. Females were identified using published keys (Wilson 1975), and the male is here described for the first time. DNA was isolated from the studied specimens and partial fragment of mtCOI gene was amplified and sequenced (Tyagi et al. 2017). Four sequences were submitted in the GenBank (Accession No. MN627201 to MN627204). Photographs and illustrations were taken through a Leica Trinocular Microscope (Leica DM-1000) using Leica software application suite (LAS EZ 2.1.0). The studied specimens were deposited in the National Zoological Collections (NZC), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
A new species of Daploeuros Watts (Coleoptera: Scirtidae)
Authors: RUTA RAFAŁ
Published: January 2020

Daploeuros reichertae sp. nov. is described from New South Wales, Australia. The species is the smallest member of the genus, easy to distinguish on the basis of the morphology of the male copulatory organs. A short supplementary description of the female of Daploeuros tasmanicus Watts and a key to identify the species of Daploeuros are provided.
Two new species of freshwater sponges from Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions
Authors: PINHEIRO ULISSES , CALHEIRA LUDIMILA , MARTINS CELINA , JANSON LIESL , TAYLOR RICKY , SAMAAI TOUFIEK
Published: January 2020

Geographic distributions of freshwater sponges are related to the geological and climatic history of the continents, on the presence of gemmules and the morphological complexity of this resistant body to withstand change. Gemmules are characteristic of the freshwater Families Spongillidae, Metaniidae and Potamolepidae. However, Acanthotylotra alvarengai, Echinospongilla brichardi and a number of other species within the genus Potamolepis do not produce gemmules. Potamolepis is endemic to the Afrotropical region with seven valid species. African freshwater sponges however, are mostly known from a single specimen (the holotype), due to the scarcity of material from these freshwater systems. In the present study, we describe two new species of non-gemmule bearing freshwater sponges from the Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions.
lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 was a Key Part in Thyroid Cancer Biological Activity
Authors: Guohua Shi , Zibin Bu , Cen Lou
Published: January 2020

Objective: The research was wanted to discuss the effect lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 on Thyroid Cancer Biological Activity. Methods: The cells were respectively divided as NC and si-FOXD2-AS1 groups. Measuring the FOXD2-AS1 mRNA expression in difference cell lines by RT-qPCR. The
cell proliferation rate were evaluated by CCK-8; Using flow cytometry to measure cell apoptosis; Using transwell and wound healing methods to evaluate invasion and migration abilities. The relative proteins levels were measured by WB assay. Results: With si-FOXD2-AS1 transfection, the
FOXD2-AS1 mRNA expression of si-FOXD2-AS1 groups were significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001); Cell proliferation rate of si-FOXD2-AS1 groups were significantly depressed with cell apoptosis significantly increased (P < 0.001); The invasion and migration abilities of
si-FOXD2-AS1 groups were significantly suppressed (P < 0.001). By WB assay, GRP94, cyclin D1, β-catenin and c-Myc proteins expressions of si-FOXD2-AS1 groups were significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 was as oncology
role in Thyroid Cancer occur, FOXD2-AS1 knockdown had effects to suppress Thyroid Cancer.
Osteoprotegerin Protects H2O2-Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Damage
Authors: Qi Leitao , An Hongqing
Published: January 2020

Oxidative stress causes damage and apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulates bone differentiation. However, whether OPG plays a role in osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation under oxidative stress remains poorly understood. Rat BMSCs were
randomly divided into control group; H2O2 group, in which H2O2 was used to prepare oxidative stress model; OPG group, in which 5 μM OPG was added to BMSCs based on oxidative stress model followed by analysis of BMSCs proliferation by MTT
assay, BMSCs apoptosis, expression of RUNX2, OPN, FABP4 and PPARγ2 by real time PCR, OPG and RANKL protein expression by Western blot as well as SOD activity and ROS content by spectrophotometry. Compared with control group, H2O2 significantly decreased BMSCs
proliferation, increased Caspase 3 activity, downregulated RUNX2 and OPN, upregulated FABP4 and PPARγ2, decreased SOD activity and increased ROS content (P < 0.05). Under H2O2 treatment, OPG addition significantly promoted BMSCs proliferation, decreased
Caspase 3 activity, increased RUNX2 and OPN expression, decreased FABP4 and PPARγ2 expression, increased SOD activity, and decreased ROS content and RANKL expression (P < 0.05). OPG can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under oxidative stress, inhibit adipogenic
differentiation, and protect BMSCs from damage and promote BMSCs proliferation by regulating OPG/RANKL signaling pathway.
Cold Tribo-Nanolithography on Metallic Thin-Film Surfaces
Authors: Kim Uk Su , Baek Seung-Yub , Kim Tae-Wan , Park Jeong Woo
Published: January 2020

This paper demonstrates a modified tribo-nanolithgraphy (TNL), micro- to nanometer scale mechanical machining processes, on metallic thin film surfaces which have poor machinability in micro scale under several mN normal loads. TNL is one of the promising atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based
lithography processes which is more effective fabrication technology, as compared to conventional photolithography due to its relatively simple processes, high resolution, short processing time, and low cost. We propose ultra-precision machining at sub-0 °C temperatures using a lab-made
micro polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool on a retrofitted piezo stage with a Peltier device. The workpiece, located on the stage, is cooled artificially, and a normal load of several mN is applied by a micro PCD tool for micro scale machining processes. The machining results indicated considerably
different machinability when the work was performed at sub-0 °C, as opposed to the ambient surface temperature, due to the changed mechanical characteristics of surface by the forced cooling of the workpiece. Although the normal load, machining speed, and machining area remained constant,
the width and depth of machined grooves are significantly increased at sub-0 °C temperature conditions. In addition, we analyzed the TNL characteristics when machining with the PCD tool in four different machining directions. The mechanical surface properties, surface topography, scanning
electron microscope (SEM) images, chip formation and other physical properties are investigated for more discussions.
Rapid Sintering of Nanostructured WC-Graphene Composites and Their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kim Seong-Eun , Yoon Jin-Kook , Shon In-Jin
Published: January 2020

The current concern about WC focuses on its low fracture toughness below the ductile-brittle transition temperature despite its many attractive properties. To improve its mechanical properties, the approach generally utilized has been the addition of a second phase to form composites
and to make nanostructured materials. In this paper, graphene was evaluated as the reinforcing agent in WC ceramics using a novel sintering method (high-frequency induction heated sintering method). Highly dense nanostructured WC and WC-graphene composites were obtained within two min at 1550
°C. The effect of graphene on the grain size and the mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness) of WC-graphene composites was evaluated.
Influence of Processing Factors on the Surface Properties of Zirconia Coatings Fabricated by Room Temperature Spray Process
Authors: Kim Jeong Jun , Lee Jong Kook
Published: January 2020

Highly roughened surfaces on dental implants enhance the bone-bonding ability and in vivo cell adhesion on the implant surface. In this study, zirconia substrates were coated by powder coating using room temperature spray processing to improve their surface properties. Processing
factors (particle size of the starting powder, number of repetitions of the deposition cycle, and spraying distance) were controlled to form a dense coating layer with high surface roughness on the zirconia substrate. Starting zirconia powders for coating were heat-treated at high temperature
to control the particle size and kinetic energy. The coating layer fabricated from starting powder with a particle size of about 1.52 μm shows a homogeneous and dense microstructure, and it has a maximum surface roughness about 0.37 μm. The surface roughness of the film
coatings increased with the number of times that the deposition cycle was repeated. No phase changes between the starting powder and the coating layer were observed, and all of the materials show identical tetragonal phases.
Single Bubble Boiling from an Artificial Cavity
Authors: Vafaei Saeid , Kim Hyungdae
Published: January 2020

Pool boiling heat transfer is an aggressive and complex phenomenon which needs to be simplified for a better understanding of the mechanism of bubble growth and departure and how boiling heat transfer can be enhanced. Single bubble boiling heat transfer is a simple version of boiling
phenomenon which has been used to study the effective elements on pool boiling heat transfer. The purpose of the present review paper is to understand how to produce single bubble pool boiling on a heated substrate and investigate, how single bubble boiling phenomenon can be affected by geometry
of cavities, cavity size, wettability, roughness, working fluid, subcooling, wall superheat, heat flux, gravity, etc. It was demonstrated that cylindrical cavities are capable to generate stable and continuous bubbling, small temperature fluctuation, low superheat with short waiting period.
The cylindrical cavities can be manufactured very easily in small sizes which can be a good candidate to produce single bubble pool boiling. As heat flux increases, smaller cavities start becoming active. For a given depth, as cavity size increases, the bubble growth rate and departure volume
increase. Surface wettability is another complex and important factor to modify the single bubble boiling heat transfer. Wettability depends mainly on force balance at the triple contact line which relies on solid–liquid–gas materials. In case of hydrophobic surfaces, the triple
line has tendency to move toward liquid phase and expand the radius of triple line, so the initiation of nucleation is easier, the waiting time is shorter, the downward surface tension force becomes bigger since radius of triple line is larger, the bubble departure volume is higher and bubble
growth period is longer. The effects of the rest of main parameters on single bubble boiling are discussed in this paper in details. In addition, a theoretical model is developed to predict the liquid-vapor interface for the single bubble boiling. The theoretical model is compared with single
bubble boiling experimental data and good results observed.
Accuracy and Reliability of Smartphone Self-Test Audiometry in Community Clinics in Low Income Settings: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sandström Josefin , Swanepoel DeWet , Laurent Claude , Umefjord Göran , Lundberg Thorbjörn
Published: January 2020

Background:

There is a lack of hearing health care globally, and tele-audiology and mobile technologies have been proposed as important strategies to reduce the shortfall.

Objectives:

To investigate the accuracy and reliability of smartphone self-test audiometry in adults, in community clinics in low-income settings.

Methods:

A prospective, intra-individual, repeated measurements design was used. Sixty-three adult participants (mean age 52 years, range 20-88 years) were recruited from ENT and primary health care clinics in a low-income community in Tshwane, South Africa. Air conduction hearing thresholds for octave frequencies 0.5 to 8 kHz collected with the smartphone self-test in non-sound treated environments were compared to those obtained by reference audiometry.

Results:

The overall mean difference between threshold seeking methods (ie, smartphone thresholds subtracted from reference) was −2.2 dB HL (n = 467 thresholds, P = 0.00). Agreement was within 10 dB HL for 80.1% (n = 467 thresholds) of all threshold comparisons. Sensitivity for detection hearing loss >40 dB HL in one ear was 90.6% (n = 84 ears), and specificity 94.2% (n = 84 ears).

Conclusion:

Smartphone self-test audiometry can provide accurate and reliable air conduction hearing thresholds for adults in community clinics in low-income settings.
Building oppressive proxies: Sudanese and Egyptian domestic place and the production of patriarchal femininity in Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley
Authors: Steenkamp Lize-Maree
Published: January 2020

Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley disrupts the trend in much feminist literature to present women’s places and spaces as sites of revolt against patriarchal oppression. In the small places of the Abuzeid home, Lyrics Alley reveals that women’s places are not inherently emancipatory, and patriarchal behaviour is not exclusively observed in men. Through the socio-spatial dispersal of patriarchal power, homosocial domestic places, where women interact with other women, can produce femininities that oppress other women by actively advancing patriarchal concerns. In this essay, Lyrics Alley provides a cartography for socio-geographical enquiry to establish how space and place construct patriarchal women. My analyses of these literary spaces reveal the mechanisms by which patriarchal women are spatially produced, and may use space to oppress other women.
A proposed model for spark plasma sintering of SiC-Si nanocomposite with different SiC particle sizes
Authors: Heydarian Abtin , Abdolkarim Sajjadi Seyed , Johnsson Mats
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effect of SiC particle size on the sintering behavior of SiC-Si nano composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique was investigated and a model was proposed, accordingly. To this purpose, SiC powders with three different particle sizes of 25 µm, 80 nm and 45 nm were chosen. It was expected that hardness of the composites increase with decreasing the SiC particle size; however, the outcomes were interesting and unpredictable. The composite with 80 nm SiC particles indicated the highest hardness. Hardness of the specimen with 25 µm SiC was low because of the large particle size of its reinforcement. While 80 and 45 nm SiC particles are considered as nano particles, the composite with 45 nm SiC particles showed lower hardness due to the growth of SiC powders during sintering according to a proposed model. Two reasons for the growth of 45 nm SiC particles were defined: (i) the fineness of the SiC particles prevented the Si particles to act as a binder between them thus, they agglomerated; (ii) SiC powders were oxidized during mixing procedure and a layer of SiO2 was formed on their surfaces. During sintering procedure, the reaction between SiC and SiO2 was happened and as a result SiO was formed. It caused vapor transportation during sintering leading to necking between particles and in turn, grain growth.
Does the Residential Landscape Contextualize Friendships? Examining the Causes and Consequences of Affiliating with Older Friends
Authors: Yohros Alexis , Zimmerman Gregory M.
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

Examine the relationships among structural disadvantage, friendship network age composition, and violent offending by investigating the contextual and individual etiology of affiliating with older friends and exploring the mechanisms that link friendship network age composition to violent offending.

Method:

Hierarchical linear models analyze 8,481 respondents distributed across 1,485 census tracts from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Social network data are used to construct a measure of the proportion of a respondent’s friendship network that is at least one grade older than the respondent.

Results:

Consistent with hypotheses, structural disadvantage increases affiliations with older friends, older friendship networks report higher levels of violence, and affiliating with older friends increases violence among respondents. Contrary to expectations, the influence of affiliating with older friends on respondent violence decreases, rather than increases, as levels of violence in the friendship network increase.

Conclusions:

The results shed light on the inextricable linkages among social context, friendship network composition, and sociobehavioral outcomes among youth. The findings inform peer mentoring program evaluations observing iatrogenic effects via peer deviancy.
Comparing Live and Digital Augmented Reality Models for Demonstrating Two Motor Skills From the Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition: TGMD-2
Authors: Spinosa Rodrigo Martins de Oliveira , Santo Dalberto Luiz De , Costa Rafaela Zortéa Fernandes , Pazetto Nerylson Ferraz , Santos Camila Ramos dos , Medina-Papst Josiane , Marques Inara
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of digital (i.e., augmented reality [AR]) and live demonstrations of two fundamental motor skills. The motor skills were horizontal jump and over-the-shoulder throw with performance criteria described in the Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition (TGMD-2). We developed a digital model using AR installed on a tablet computer compatible with the Android operating system. We recruited 131 children and assigned them to three age groups: G1, 3-5 years old ( M =  4.25, SD =  0.71 years); G2, 6-8 years old ( M =  7.16, SD =  0.79 years); and G3, 9-11 years old ( M = 10.13, SD= 0.84 years). Randomly, half of the children in each group performed the two motor skills after watching either the AR or the live demonstrations; seven days later, all children repeated the motor skills with the demonstration type inverted. We applied Wilcoxon’s test with statistical significance set at p <  .05 and found no significant performance differences based on demonstration exposure from AR versus live modeling. We propose that AR technology is a potential tool for demonstrating human movement.
Popular Religion Temples in Fujian, Southeast China: The Politics of State Intervention, 1990s–2010s
Authors: Qu Ray X. L.
Published: January 2020

This article presents an ethnographic examination of state intervention in popular religion temples in Fujian, southeast China. Specifically, it surveys the state presence in four temples, explores how and why the local state adopted a varied approach to religious organizations in the same religious tradition, and examines the mutually legitimating relations of state and religion. State-religion relations are constantly changing, highly variable, and context-bound. The state-religion interactions in Fujian demonstrate that to a certain extent the uneven revitalization of temple-based popular religion shaped, and was shaped by, the degree of state presence. I argue that the performance-based legitimacy of the nation-state has been fortified through local-state projects devoted to religious tourism, intra-religious competition, and the Taiwan issue, and that the Chinese state has the potential to influence a reemerging traditional form of authority at the local level through varying degrees of state presence in religious organizations.
Will HPV vaccination prevent cervical cancer?
Authors: Rees Claire P , Brhlikova Petra , Pollock Allyson M
Published: January 2020

Summary

We conducted a critical appraisal of published Phase 2 and 3 efficacy trials in relation to the prevention of cervical cancer in women. Our analysis shows the trials themselves generated significant uncertainties undermining claims of efficacy in these data. There were 12 randomised control trials (RCTs) of Cervarix and Gardasil. The trial populations did not reflect vaccination target groups due to differences in age and restrictive trial inclusion criteria. The use of composite and distant surrogate outcomes makes it impossible to determine effects on clinically significant outcomes. It is still uncertain whether human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevents cervical cancer as trials were not designed to detect this outcome, which takes decades to develop. Although there is evidence that vaccination prevents cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) this is not a clinically important outcome (no treatment is given). Trials used composite surrogate outcomes which included CIN1. High efficacy against CIN1+ (CIN1, 2, 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) does not necessarily mean high efficacy against CIN3+ (CIN3 and AIS), which occurs much less frequently. There are too few data to clearly conclude that HPV vaccine prevents CIN3+. CIN in general is likely to have been overdiagnosed in the trials because cervical cytology was conducted at intervals of 6–12 months rather than at the normal screening interval of 36 months. This means that the trials may have overestimated the efficacy of the vaccine as some of the lesions would have regressed spontaneously. Many trials diagnosed persistent infection on the basis of frequent testing at short intervals, i.e. less than six months. There is uncertainty as to whether detected infections would clear or persist and lead to cervical changes.
Assessing the impact of daylight exposure on sleep quality of people over 65 years old
Authors: Flores-Villa Lorna , Unwin Jemima , Raynham Peter
Published: January 2020

Due to our social behaviours, people spend at least 80% of their time indoors, mostly under artificial light. In research and building design, daylight is considered a valuable asset because it is the primary source of free, good quality light and it is suggested that it has a positive influence on human performance, health and sleep quality. There is a tendency in the population for increasingly poor sleep quality with age, and this affects at least 50% of the elderly population. Research on sleep disruption has found that especially in the elderly population, interrupted sleep can affect alertness, cognitive performance and mood. This increases the risk of falls, increases fatigue and reduces some other mental functions. Exposure to daylight (indoors and outdoors) is expected to reduce sleep disruption. Physical activities and sleep quality were assessed using 32 participants living independently in the UK, aged between 65 and 95 years old. The study was divided into two seasons due to a considerable difference in daylight availability in summer and winter. In each season participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and a seven-day sleep diary/log activity; where time spent outdoors was identified. It was expected that participants who reported less exposure to daylight during summer and winter would report worse sleep quality. However, this was not the case; subjective sleep quality did not differ greatly between summer and winter, even though exposure to daylight varies greatly between seasons. This study explores the relationship between exposure to daylight throughout two different seasons and people’s chronotypes, physical activities and sleep quality (between and within participants). This information is essential to find means of supporting an ageing population.

Practical applications: In the built environment, daylight is an important feature to consider for the occupant’s health and wellbeing. This research provides real-world insight into the amount of daylight that active aged people are exposed to during two seasons in London, and how this could impact their overall sleep quality. The findings suggest that exposure to daylight could benefit people over 65 years old with poor sleep quality by reducing the number of awakenings during the night. This research provides a step towards understanding how daylight exposure effects people, and can be used to inform housing design for the ageing population.
Monstrously Feminine: Orientalism Embodied in 2017’s The Mummy
Authors: Pennington Rosemary
Published: January 2020

In 2017, Universal Studios released a new version of The Mummy. The rebooted tale of an ancient Egyptian mummy come to life featured a female villain for the first time. The decision to feature a woman in the role was pushed by the film’s producers, director, and stars as an innovative and groundbreaking change. Audience goers did not seem to agree. The film was not successful at the box office and the studio scuttled the Dark Universe slate of films that The Mummy was supposed to launch. Informed by scholarship on Orientalism, as well as literature on the idea of the monstrous feminine, this article examines the narratives of East and West produced by the film. It shows how the film, rather than being innovative, traffics in stereotype, helping perpetuate the ancient idea that the East is an other the West must fear and conquer.
Video-assisted minimally invasive resection of papillary fibroelastoma
Authors: Sugimura Yukiharu , Rellecke Philipp , Reinecke Petra , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam
Published: January 2020

Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma is a rare cause of embolic events, especially seen in young patients. A 38-year-old woman with a transient ischemic attack underwent cardiac diagnostic workup. Transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging identified a tumor on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve as the only potential source of embolization. Video-assisted minimally invasive resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the mitral valve were performed. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed no residual tumor or mitral valve insufficiency. Histology identified a papillary fibroelastoma. The patient was discharged on the 9th postoperative day in good physical condition and without any postoperative limitations.
Multiple psychological factors predict pain and disability among community-dwelling knee osteoarthritis patients: a five-year prospective study
Authors: Helminen Eeva-Eerika , Arokoski Jari PA , Selander Tuomas A , Sinikallio Sanna H
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To identify predictors of long-term pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis.

Design:

A longitudinal cohort study of five years.

Setting:

Primary care providers.

Subjects:

In all, 108 patients (mean age = 63.6 years, standard deviation (SD) = 7.2 years) with knee pain (⩾40 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index pain scale) and radiographic grading (Kellgren–Lawrence: 2–4) of knee osteoarthritis who participated in a randomized controlled trial.

Main measures:

Disease-specific pain and functioning were assessed using the corresponding WOMAC subscales. Generic functioning was assessed by the RAND-36 subscales for function and physical and mental component summary scores. Possible baseline predictors for these outcomes were (1) demographic and disease-related variables and (2) psychological variables of mood (anxiety, depression), pain-related cognitions (pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia), and positive resource factors (life satisfaction, sense of coherence).

Results:

Multivariate linear mixed model analyses revealed that minimal anxiety at baseline predicted significantly better results for pain (WOMAC, P = 0.019) and function (WOMAC, P = 0.001, RAND-36 function P = 0.001). High pain self-efficacy predicted significantly better scores in RAND-36 function ( P = 0.006), physical ( P = 0.004) and mental ( P = 0.001) component summaries. Pain catastrophizing predicted higher pain ( P = 0.015), whereas fear of movement predicted poorer functioning in RAND-36 physical ( P = 0.016) and mental ( P = 0.009) component summaries. Those satisfied with life reported higher scores in RAND-36 function ( P = 0.002) and mental component summary ( P = 0.041). A low number of comorbidities predicted significantly better results in pain (WOMAC P = 0.019) and function (WOMAC P = 0.033, RAND-36 P = 0.009).

Conclusion:

Anxiety, pain-related cognitions, and psychological resources predict symptoms in knee osteoarthritis in the long term.
Chronic social defeat stress: Impacts on ethanol-induced stimulation, corticosterone response, and brain monoamine levels
Authors: Favoretto Cristiane A , Nunes Yasmin C , Macedo Giovana C , Lopes Janaína Silva Rocha , Quadros Isabel M Hartmann
Published: January 2020

Background:

Chronic exposure to stress may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoamine levels, contributing to the development of ethanol dependence. Exposure to chronic social defeat stress may impact ethanol-related effects, neural, and endocrine functions.

Aim:

This study assessed ethanol-induced locomotor activity, corticosterone responses, and brain monoamine levels in Swiss albino mice 10 days post-exposure to chronic social defeat stress.

Methods:

During a period of 10 days, male Swiss mice were exposed to daily defeat episodes, followed by housing with an aggressive mouse for 24 h. Control mice were housed in pairs and rotated every 24 h. Ten days post-stress, locomotor behavior was recorded after a challenge with ethanol (2.2 g/kg; intraperitoneal) or saline. After the test, blood and brain samples were collected for determination of plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines across different brain areas through high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:

Defeated mice failed to show a stimulant locomotor response to ethanol, while controls displayed the expected ethanol-induced stimulation. Ethanol increased plasma corticosterone levels, with lower corticosterone secretion in defeated mice. Brain monoamines were affected by social defeat and ethanol, varying in different brain regions. Social stress reduced levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the hypothalamus. Defeated mice presented reduced serotonin and dopamine levels in the frontal cortex. In the striatum, ethanol treatment increased dopamine levels in controls, but failed to do so in defeated mice.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that chronic exposure to social defeat blunted ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation, and reduced ethanol-induced corticosterone secretion. Social stress promoted differential reductions in brain monoamine levels in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex and blunted ethanol-induced dopamine increases in the striatum.
Hepatic fibrinogen storage disease and hypofibrinogenemia caused by fibrinogen Aguadilla mutation: a case report
Authors: Gu Leilei , Wang Bin , Liu Lu , Gan Qiaorong , Liu Xiaolong , Chen Lihong , Chen Li
Published: January 2020

Hepatic fibrinogen storage disease is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by hypofibrinogenemia, as well as the retention of variant fibrinogen within the hepatocellular endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we describe an asymptomatic 4-year-old boy with abnormal liver function test results and unexpected hypofibrinogenemia. Liver biopsy showed circular eosinophil inclusion bodies in the hepato-cytoplasm. Immunostaining results of eosinophil inclusion bodies were positive for fibrinogen. Following pretreatment with diastase, the inclusion bodies failed to stain with the periodic acid–Schiff technique; moreover, immunostaining results were positive for fibrinogen, but negative for alpha-1-antitrypsin. Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous missense mutation c.1201C > T (p. Arg401Trp) within the fibrinogen γ-chain ( FGG) gene and an additional single nucleotide polymorphism c.-58 A > G within the 5′-untranslated region of the fibrinogen Aα-chain ( FGA) gene. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with hepatic fibrinogen storage disease. Our results indicate that, for patients who exhibit chronic liver disease with unexpected hypofibrinogenemia, hepatic fibrinogen storage disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Moreover, our findings emphasize the importance of molecular diagnosis in patients with cryptogenic liver disease.
Orthosurgical Management of Class III Malocclusion Emphasizing the Pivotal Role of CBCT
Authors: Singh Gaurav Pratap , Nehra Karan , Mitra Rajat , Nakra Oonit , Singla Abhishek
Published: January 2020

Management of skeletal class III malocclusions in a nongrowing individual remains a challenging and arduous task for the orthodontist. The skeletal class III malocclusion is often not amenable to camouflage procedures and requires a surgical correction of the underlying skeletal bases to achieve esthetic and functional treatment results. These patients often require one or more extractions to remove the preexisting dentoalveolar compensations prior to the surgical procedure which is undertaken as part of presurgical orthodontics. Postsurgical orthodontics is often of limited duration and is concerned with the settling of occlusion and obtaining tight cuspal interdigitation. Cone-beam computed tomography is a recent innovation which has revolutionized imaging in dentistry. Within orthodontics, it has proven to be of great value in orthosurgical planning and evaluation of posttreatment results including root parallelism and root resorption. This case report describes orthosurgical management of class III malocclusion utilizing cone-beam computed tomography in treatment planning.
Minimum inhibitory concentration changes in relapsed left ventricular assist device driveline infections
Authors: Lines Tara H , Sabato Leah A , Nesbitt Whitney J , Moretz Jeremy D , Brinkley D Marshall , Satyanarayana Gowri
Published: January 2020

Driveline infection is the most common infectious complication in patients with left ventricular assist devices. Minimum inhibitory concentration changes are not well described in relapsed driveline infections. This retrospective descriptive epidemiology study of patients with left ventricular assist device implantation between January 1, 2013, and August 1, 2017, who developed driveline infection with positive cultures aimed to describe minimum inhibitory concentration changes. Of the 330 patients underwent left ventricular assist device implantation, 30 (9%) met criteria for driveline infection. Median duration of follow-up was 26 months (interquartile range 16, 39) and time to first driveline infection was 171 days (interquartile range 83, 403). There were 74 driveline infections: 40 new and 34 relapsed. Staphylococcus aureus was most common in new and relapsed driveline infection. Thirteen patients comprised the 34 relapsed infections, 9 of which experienced a minimum inhibitory concentration change. Median time to first minimum inhibitory concentration change was 56 days (interquartile range 36–88), and type of minimum inhibitory concentration change was an increase in five cases, decrease in two cases, and both increase and decrease in two cases. Minimum inhibitory concentration changes did not result in resistance in S. aureus but did in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium fortuitum relapsed driveline infection. Time to first relapse from initial infection was longer in those who received suppressive therapy, 60 days versus 83 days, p = 0.047. Relapsed driveline infections were most common with S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration changes were quite variable and may not be the major contributor to relapsed infection in gram-positive driveline infection.
Andrea Verrocchio and His Followers: An Exhibition
Authors: Alt Gordon
Published: January 2020

Fifty exceptional works of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435‐1488) are on exhibit at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC. This important exhibit has sculpture, paintings and drawings of one of the most important Renaissance Masters of the fourteenth century. While considered foremost a master sculptor along with Donatello and Michelangelo, he was also noted for his important innovations in painting. As teacher, his workshop was the most important in Florence, and included the young Leonardo da Vinci, Pietro Perugino and Sandro Botticelli. His David and Boy with Dolphin are just of few of the masterpieces included in this important exhibition, which covers a full range of his contributions and will remain on view until January 12, 2020. This is the only opportunity to see this powerful collection in this country as it returns immediately to Italy.
Duplicating the Number of Income Earners per Household in Mexico Does Not Reduce Inequality
Authors: Llanos Reynoso Luis Felipe , Martínez Verduzco Lorena
Published: January 2020

This article studies the historical evolution of the number of households in Mexico in relation to the income received by each one of their members. Data from the National Statistics on Family Income and Expenditure (Estadísticas Nacionales de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares) are analyzed using simple regression models. It is identified that in the past 35 years the number of Mexican households has multiplied by 3, the percentage of income earners per household has multiplied by 2, while the number of children per household has reduced by half. However, this structural change of families has neither provided greater income for them nor helped reduce the inequality index in Mexico. Structural changes and inequality index are questioned as measures of well-being in Mexico.
Multi-objective optimization of dual-arc blades in a squirrel-cage fan using modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm
Authors: Yang Xiaopei , Jiang Boyan , Wang Jun , Huang Yougen , Yang Weigang , Yuan Kemin , Shi Xuna
Published: January 2020

In this study, a dual-arc profile parameterized by four geometric variables was designed to replace the original single-arc profile of a squirrel-cage fan used in a range hood, in order to improve the efficiency of the entire machine and the fan pressure. A modified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm coupled with a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computation is applied to search the optimum blade shape. Moreover, a relatively coarse but proven reliable grid model is employed to accelerate the optimization process, and a dynamic crowding distance is applied to improve the broad diversity of the Pareto front. The optimization results show that the optimal dual-arc blades are formed by a leading arc with a relatively smaller curvature and a trailing arc with a larger curvature, and the shape of the leading arc dominates the aerodynamic performance of the dual-arc blade. The blade schemes at two end of the Pareto front have increased the fan pressure and efficiency at the optimization point by 5.3% and 1.5%, respectively, but also result in a decline in another performance indicator. The best compromised solution in the middle of the Pareto front has improved the pressure by 2.6% without reducing the efficiency in the numerical calculation. Compared with the single-arc blade with the same inlet and outlet angle, the dual-arc blade has a higher fan pressure, but at the same time, the efficiency is negatively affected. Finally, the new impeller with optimized dual-arc blades is manufactured and tested, and the experimental results show an increment exceeds 2% in pressure and an unexpected slightly improvement in fan efficiency.