bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An inorganic–organic hybrid supramolecular framework based on the γ-[Mo8O26]4−cluster and cobalt complex of aspartic acid: X-ray structure and DFT study
Authors: Tahmasebi Morteza , Mirzaei Masoud , Eshtiagh-Hosseini Hossein , Mague Joel T. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: March 2019

A new inorganic–organic hybrid based on an aspartate functionalized polyoxomolybdate, [pentaaquacobalt(II)]-μ-aspartate-[γ-octamolybdate]-μ-aspartate-[pentaaquacobalt(II)] tetrahydrate, [Co2(C4H6NO4)2(γ-Mo8O26)(H2O)10]·4H2O (1), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from the reaction of an Evans–Showell-type polyoxometalate, (NH4)6[Co2Mo10H4O38], and L-aspartic acid. The complex exhibits a supramolecular three-dimensional framework structure in the crystal lattice. Compound1was structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV–Vis (diffuse reflectance) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In this compound, aspartic acid acts as a bridge between the two Co atoms and the Mo centres, with the –CH2COOH side chain directly linked to the Mo centre in γ-[Mo8O26]4−and the α-carboxylate side chain bound to the Co centre. Commonly, the binding of transition-metal complexes to POMs involves coordination of the metal to a terminal O atom of the POM so that1, with a bridging ligand between Mo and Co atoms, belongs to a separate class of hybrid materials. While the starting materials are both chiral and one might expect them to form a chiral hybrid, the decomposition of the chiral Evans–Showell-type POM and its conversion to the centrosymmetric γ-octamolybdate POM, plus the presence of two aspartate ligands centrosymmetrically placed on either side of the POM, leads to the formation of an achiral hybrid. We have studied energetically by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and using the Bader's `atoms-in-molecules' analysis the electrostatically enhanced hydrogen bonds (EEHBs) observed in the solid state of1, which are crucial for the formation of one-dimensional supramolecular assemblies.
Effect of acute total sleep deprivation on plasma melatonin, cortisol and metabolite rhythms in females
Authors: Honma Aya , Revell Victoria L. , Gunn Pippa J. , Davies Sarah K. , Middleton Benita , Raynaud Florence I. , Skene Debra J.
Published: March 2019

Disruption to sleep and circadian rhythms can impact on metabolism. The study aimed to investigate the effect of acute sleep deprivation on plasma melatonin, cortisol and metabolites, to increase understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in sleep/wake regulation processes. Twelve healthy young female participants remained in controlled laboratory conditions for ~92 hr with respect to posture, meals and environmental light (18:00–23:00 hr and 07:00‐09:00 hr <8 lux; 23:00–07:00 hr 0 lux (sleep opportunity) or <8 lux (continuous wakefulness); 09:00–18:00 hr ~90 lux). Regular blood samples were collected for 70 hr for plasma melatonin and cortisol, and targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Timepoints between 00:00 and 06:00 hr for day 1 (baseline sleep), day 2 (sleep deprivation) and day 3 (recovery sleep) were analysed. Cosinor analysis and MetaCycle analysis were performed for detection of rhythmicity. Night‐time melatonin levels were significantly increased during sleep deprivation and returned to baseline levels during recovery sleep. No significant differences were observed in cortisol levels. Of 130 plasma metabolites quantified, 41 metabolites were significantly altered across the study nights, with the majority decreasing during sleep deprivation, most notably phosphatidylcholines. In cosinor analysis, 58 metabolites maintained their rhythmicity across the study days, with the majority showing a phase advance during acute sleep deprivation. This observation differs to that previously reported for males. Our study is the first of metabolic profiling in females during sleep deprivation and recovery sleep, and offers a novel view of human sleep/wake regulation and sex differences.
Dissecting the nonlinear response of maize yield to high temperature stress with model‐data integration
Authors: Zhu Peng , Zhuang Qianlai , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Bernacchi Carl , Müller Christoph
Published: March 2019

Evidence suggests that global maize yield declines with a warming climate, particularly with extreme heat events. However, the degree to which important maize processes such as biomass growth rate, growing season length (GSL) and grain formation are impacted by an increase in temperature is uncertain. Such knowledge is necessary to understand yield responses and develop crop adaptation strategies under warmer climate. Here crop models, satellite observations, survey, and field data were integrated to investigate how high temperature stress influences maize yield in the U.S. Midwest. We showed that both observational evidence and crop model ensemble mean (MEM) suggests the nonlinear sensitivity in yield was driven by the intensified sensitivity of harvest index (HI), but MEM underestimated the warming effects through HI and overstated the effects through GSL. Further analysis showed that the intensified sensitivity in HI mainly results from a greater sensitivity of yield to high temperature stress during the grain filling period, which explained more than half of the yield reduction. When warming effects were decomposed into direct heat stress and indirect water stress (WS), observational data suggest that yield is more reduced by direct heat stress (−4.6 ± 1.0%/°C) than by WS (−1.7 ± 0.65%/°C), whereas MEM gives opposite results. This discrepancy implies that yield reduction by heat stress is underestimated, whereas the yield benefit of increasing atmospheric CO2 might be overestimated in crop models, because elevated CO2 brings yield benefit through water conservation effect but produces limited benefit over heat stress. Our analysis through integrating data and crop models suggests that future adaptation strategies should be targeted at the heat stress during grain formation and changes in agricultural management need to be better accounted for to adequately estimate the effects of heat stress.
Facile synthesis of In2O3 nanoparticles with high response to formaldehyde at low temperature
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Zhang Ruixue , Gu Fubo , Han Dongmei
Published: March 2019

In2O3 nanoparticles with uniform particle size (10‐25 nm) were obtained using the facile precipitation strategy at room temperature with following calcined treatment. The gas‐sensing performance of In2O3 nanoparticles with different calcined temperatures was investigated. The results demonstrated that the In2O3 nanoparticles calcined at 500°C exhibited highest sensing response (Ra/Rg = 68.1) to 10 ppm HCHO at 100°C with good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and ultra‐low limit of detection (1 ppm). The results of XPS, UV, and other characterizations indicated that In2O3‐500 possessed the most absorbed oxygen species, the highest carrier mobility, and lowest band gap energies. Our work offers new insights into the development of sensing materials to the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Glass production rate in electric furnaces for radioactive waste vitrification
Authors: Lee SeungMin , Hrma Pavel , Pokorny Richard , Klouzek Jaroslav , Eaton William C. , Kruger Albert A.
Published: March 2019

Correlating the melting rates of feeds in electric melters with results of simple laboratory experiments can help evaluate melter feed additives and their effects on melting rate, and support the feed scheduling and plant operation. A recently proposed melting rate correlation (MRC) equation, relating the melting rate to melt viscosity, feed‐to‐glass conversion heat, and cold‐cap bottom temperature, was tested using data from experiments covering various feed compositions and melter operating parameters. The MRC equation is shown to reasonably represent the measured data and thus can be used to quantify how individual variables (melt viscosity, cold‐cap bottom temperature, conversion heat, melter operating temperature, and bubbling flux) affect the glass production rate.
Monosodium l‐glutamate‐obesity onset is associated with disruption of central control of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system
Authors: Torrezan Rosana , Malta Ananda , de Souza Rodrigues Willian do Nascimento , dos Santos Annie Araújo Alves , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patrícia Cristina , de Freitas Mathias Paulo Cezar
Published: March 2019

The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) exerts important catabolic peripheral effects and influences autonomic nervous system (ANS)‐mediated processes. Impaired negative‐feedback control or reduced HPA axis sensitivity and altered ANS activity appear to be associated with the development and maintenance of obesity. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the central HPA axis is dysregulated favouring ANS disbalance in monosodium l‐glutamate (MSG)‐induced rat obesity. Glucose homeostasis, corticosterone, leptin and ANS electrical activity were evaluated. Adult MSG‐induced obese rats exhibited fasting hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypercorticosteronaemia, hyperleptinaemia and altered ANS activity. A decrease in food intake was observed during corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) treatment in both control and MSG‐treated rats. By contrast, food intake was significantly elevated in control rats treated with dexamethasone (DEXA), whereas no alterations were observed following DEXA treatment in MSG‐induced obese rats. After DEXA injection, an increase in fasting insulin and glucose levels, associated with insulin resistance, was seen in both groups. As expected, there was a decrease of parasympathetic activity and an increase of sympathetic nervous activity in CRH‐treated control animals and the opposite effect was seen after DEXA treatment. By contrast, there was no effect on ANS activity in MSG‐rats treated with CRH or DEXA. In conclusion, impairment of the HPA axis can lead to disbalance of ANS activity in MSG‐treated rats, contributing to the establishment and maintenance of obesity.
Sunk Costs and Screening: Two‐Part Tariffs in Life Insurance
Authors: Carson James M. , Ellis Cameron M. , Hoyt Robert E. , Ostaszewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

We develop a model of insurance pricing under heterogeneous lapse rates with asymmetric information about lapse likelihood within the context of an optional two‐part tariff as a screening device for future policyholder behavior. We then test for consumer self‐selection using policy‐level data on life insurance backdating. We exploit randomness in the initial tariff size to separately identify the selection and sunk cost effects of backdating on lapse proclivity. We find that consumers who are less likely to lapse self‐select into the two‐part tariff pricing structure and we also document consumer behavior consistent with sunk cost fallacy.
Use of the high‐affinity phosphate transporter gene, pstS, as an indicator for phosphorus stress in the marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria)
Authors: Pereira Nicole , Shilova Irina N. , Zehr Jonathan P.
Published: March 2019

The marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii provides fixed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to open‐ocean regimes, where nutrient deficiency controls productivity. The growth of Crocosphaera can be limited by low phosphorus (P) concentrations in these oligotrophic environments. Biomarkers such as the high‐affinity ABC transporter phosphate‐binding gene, pstS, are commonly used to monitor when such organisms are under P stress; however, transcriptional regulation of these markers is often complex and not well‐understood. In this study, we interrogated changes in pstS transcript levels in C. watsonii cells under P starvation, and in response to added dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), and changing light levels. We observed elevated relative pstS transcript levels in C. watsonii WH8501 at DIP concentrations below 60 and above 20 nmol · L−1. Transcript levels were suppressed by both inorganic and bioavailable organic phosphorus; however, the P stress response was more sensitive to DIP than DOP sources. Increasing light intensity resulted in increased relative pstS transcript abundances independently of low external P, and seemed to exacerbate the physiological effects of P stress. The variable response to different P compounds and rapid and transient influence of high light on pstS transcript abundances suggests that pstS is an indicator of internal P status in Crocosphaera.
Apical assemblies of intermediate filament‐like protein FilP are highly dynamic and affect polar growth determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces venezuelae
Authors: Fröjd Markus J. , Flärdh Klas
Published: March 2019

Streptomyces spp. grow as branching hyphae, building the cell wall in restricted zones at hyphal tips. The organization of this mode of polar growth involves three coiled‐coil proteins: DivIVA and Scy, which form apical protein complexes referred to as polarisomes; and the intermediate filament‐like protein FilP, which influences cell shape and interacts with both Scy and DivIVA. Here, we use live cell imaging of Streptomyces venezuelae to clarify the subcellular localization and dynamics of FilP and its effect on hyphal morphology. By monitoring a FilP‐mCherry fusion protein, we show that FilP accumulates in gradient‐like zones behind the hyphal tips. The apical gradient pattern of FilP localization is dependent on hyphal tip extension and immediately dissipates upon growth arrest. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments show that FilP gradients are dynamic and subject to subunit exchange during vegetative growth. Further, the localization of FilP at hyphal tips is not directly dependent on scy, even though the strongly perturbed morphology of most scy mutant hyphae is associated with mislocalization of FilP. Finally, we find that filP has an effect on the size and position of the foci of key polar growth determinant DivIVA. This effect likely contributes to the phenotype of filP mutants.
Functional characterisation of two phytochelatin synthases in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Milyang 117) that respond to cadmium stress
Authors: Park H. C. , Hwang J. E. , Jiang Y. , Kim Y. J. , Kim S. H. , Nguyen X. C. , Kim C. Y. , Chung W. S.
Published: March 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and a non‐essential element to all organisms, including plants; however, the genes involved in Cd resistance in plants remain poorly characterised.

To identify Cd resistance genes in rice, we screened a rice cDNA expression library treated with CdCl2 using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant ycf1 strain (DTY167) and isolated two rice phytochelatin synthases (OsPCS5 and OsPCS15).

The genes were strongly induced by Cd treatment and conferred increased resistance to Cd when expressed in the ycf1 mutant strain. In addition, the Cd concentration was twofold higher in yeast expressing OsPCS5 and OsPCS15 than in vector‐transformed yeast, and OsPCS5 and OsPCS15 localised in the cytoplasm. Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing OsPCS5/‐15 paradoxically exhibited increased sensitivity to Cd, suggesting that overexpression of OsPCS5/‐15 resulted in toxicity due to excess phytochelatin production in A. thaliana.

These data indicate that OsPCS5 and OsPCS15 are involved in Cd tolerance, which may be related to the relative abundances of phytochelatins synthesised by these phytochelatin synthases.
The Impact of Thyme and Rosemary on Prevention of Osteoporosis in Rats
Authors: Elbahnasawy Amr S. , Valeeva E. R. , El-Sayed Eman M. , Rakhimov I. I.
Published: March 2019

Osteoporosis poses an important public health problem which affects millions of people worldwide. There is a direct link between calcium deficiency in diet and induction of osteoporosis and bone loss. The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against osteoporosis in rats with low calcium intake. Essential oils of rosemary and thyme were analyzed. The experiment was carried out on growing male Sprague–Dawley rats; the experimental animals were divided into 5 groups: 1, control negative was fed standard balanced diet; 2, control positive was fed balanced diet with low calcium level (L Ca) (Ca 0.1% w/w); 3, (L Ca) + thyme powder (5% w/w); 4, (L Ca) + rosemary powder (5% w/w); 5, (L Ca) + orally administration with CaCO3 (27 mg/kg body weight). Blood samples were collected for different biochemical analyses in plasma (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3). Femur mass, length, and bone mineral density (BMD) were recorded, and histopathological studies for femurs were examined. Low-calcium diet induced osteoporotic changes in positive control rats (decrease in Ca, vitamin D3, and BMD and increase in CTX, PTH, TNF-α, CRP, and MDA). Supplementation with thyme and rosemary inhibited significantly the development of bone loss, increased Ca and vitamin D3 in plasma, improved BMD, and also prevented the inflammation and oxidative stress (improved TNF-α, CRP and MDA) compared to the positive control. The histopathological examination of treated groups showed an improvement in bone histology and protection against bone loss. However, thyme powder showed more effective impact than rosemary. Our study demonstrates that thyme and rosemary effectively mitigated calcium deficiency-induced bone loss and maybe considered as promising candidates for preventing bone resorption and osteoporosis.
Medial Cuneiform Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of Flexible Flatfoot Deformity: Trabecular Titanium vs. Bone Allograft Wedges
Authors: Romeo Giovanni , Bianchi Alberto , Cerbone Vincenzo , Parrini Matteo Maria , Malerba Francesco , Martinelli Nicolò
Published: March 2019

Adult flatfoot is a common pathology characterized by multiplanar deformity involving hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Various surgical techniques have been described for the treatment but may not adequately correct the fixed forefoot varus component. Residual forefoot supination can be addressed by a plantar flexing opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform, also known as a Cotton osteotomy. Thus, the aims of this study were to compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcome after Cotton osteotomy, in patients treated with bone allograft or metallic implant. Consequently, 36 patients treated with opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform for forefoot varus were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: the bone allograft group (HBG) (n=18) and the metallic implant group with BIOFOAM® Cotton Wedges (TTW) (n=18). Radiographic assessment and clinical scores including American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, Foot Function Index, and visual analogue scale for pain were collected before operation and the last follow-up. The difference between baseline and follow-up for both groups was statistically significant for all the clinical scores and radiographic angles (p < 0.05). Most participants (92%) were very satisfied after surgery. Our results showed that Cotton osteotomy with a metallic implant provided both good clinical and radiographic outcomes comparable with bone allograft.
Survival Status and Its Determinants among Under-Five Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centers in South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Seid Legesse , Astatkie Ayalew , Mekonnen Tefera Chanie , Bogale Getahun Gebre
Published: March 2019

Background. Under nutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, many children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are treated at inpatient therapeutic feeding centers. However, the survival status and its determinants are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the survival status and its determinants among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to inpatient therapeutic feeding centers (ITFCs). Methods. A record review was conducted on 414 under-five children who were admitted with severe acute malnutrition to ITFCs in South Wollo Zone, northeast Ethiopia, between September 11, 2014, and January 9, 2016. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Life table analysis was used to estimate cumulative proportion of survival. The relationship between time to recovery and covariates was determined using Cox-proportional hazards regression model. p<0.05 was used to declare presence of significant association between recovery time and covariates. Results. Of the total children recorded, 75.4% of children were recovered and discharged, 10.3% were defaulters, 3.4% died, 7.4% were nonresponders, and 3.4% were unknown. The mean (±standard deviation) time to recovery was 12 (±5.26) days, whereas the median time to recovery was 11 (interquartile range of 8–15) days. Children’s breastfeeding status at admission (AHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.83) and children without comorbidities at admission (AHR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.00) had statistically significant effect on time to recovery from SAM. Conclusion. All treatment responses in this study were within the recommended and acceptable range of global standards. Policy makers, health facilities, and care providers may need to focus on the importance of breastfeeding especially for those under two years of age and give emphasis for cases with comorbidities.
Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mohammad Maha T. , Muhaidat Jennifer , Momani Munther S. , Al-Khlaifat Lara , Okasheh Rasha , Qutishat Dania , Al-Yahya Emad
Published: March 2019

Objective. To translate the patient questionnaire section of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) into Arabic, examine the reliability of the translated version, and provide descriptive data on a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Researchers used the translation-back translation method to obtain MNSI Arabic. The test was then applied on 76 patients with type 2 diabetes. A subgroup of 25 patients answered MNSI Arabic twice to examine reliability. Results. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87, revealing good reliability of MNSI Arabic. The most common symptoms patients complained of were numbness (62%), prickling feelings (57%), burning pain (47%), and pain with walking (46%). Conclusion. Similar to the original MNSI version, our study demonstrates that the Arabic version of the MNSI questionnaire is a reliable tool for screening the symptomatic neuropathy status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Availability of this tool in Arabic will provide valuable and easy-to-obtain screening information regarding diabetic peripheral neuropathy that may help delay its complications by promoting early management.
Labyrinthectomy after Cochlear Implantation: A Case of a Novel Approach for Vertigo Control
Authors: Todt I. , Wilms K. , Sudhoff H.
Published: March 2019

Vertigo control in cases of Ménière disease and deafness can be achieved by labyrinthectomy before or as a single-stage procedure during cochlear implantation. The aim was to describe a case in which a labyrinthectomy was performed after cochlear implantation. The scar tissue was removed from the electrode cable, and the receiver was removed from the periostal pocket and placed out without electrode dislocation. Labyrinthectomy was performed after securing the electrode at the external canal. The patient disclaimed after three months no disabling vertigo. Intraoperatively, the electrode was not dislocated. A labyrinthectomy can be performed even after cochlear implantation to treat vertigo.
Use of Exogenous and Endogenous Photomediators as Efficient ROS Modulation Tools: Results and Perspectives for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Antognazza Maria Rosa , Abdel Aziz Ilaria , Lodola Francesco
Published: March 2019

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an essential dual role in living systems. Healthy levels of ROS modulate several signaling pathways, but at the same time, when they exceed normal physiological amounts, they work in the opposite direction, playing pivotal functions in the pathophysiology of multiple severe medical conditions (i.e., cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and aging). Therefore, the research for methods to detect their levels via light-sensitive fluorescent probes has been extensively studied over the years. However, this is not the only link between light and ROS. In fact, the modulation of ROS mediated by light has been exploited already for a long time. In this review, we report the state of the art, as well as recent developments, in the field of photostimulation of oxidative stress, from photobiomodulation (PBM) mediated by naturally expressed light-sensitive proteins to the most recent optogenetic approaches, and finally, we describe the main methods of exogenous stimulation, in particular highlighting the new insights based on optically driven ROS modulation mediated by polymeric materials.
Clozapine-Induced Cardiotoxicity Presenting as Sepsis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Khalid Mazin , Jegede Oluwole , Gayam Vijay , Yang Ying Chi , Shrestha Binav , Mandal Amrendra , Mukhtar Osama , Garlapati Pavani , Khalid Mowyad , Dufresne Alix
Published: March 2019

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated in the treatment of medication-resistant schizophrenia. It is often reserved as a last line of treatment owing to the potential for serious and potentially life-threatening side effects, the most serious being agranulocytosis requiring close hematological monitoring and possible discontinuation of the medication from further use in the patient even when the agranulocytosis resolves. Other complications of clozapine include sedation, weight gain, elevated triglyceride levels, postural hypotension, and tachycardia. However, the potentially serious complication of myocarditis, though rare (with an incidence of 3%), may lead to cardiomyopathy as described in our present case. We present a 21-year-old patient who was started on clozapine for management of schizophrenia. He developed fever and tachycardia and was admitted to the medical unit on intravenous antibiotics for management of sepsis as he met the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. His labs revealed an elevated troponin and trending eosinophilia, which, in the context of clozapine use, raises the suspicion of clozapine cardiotoxicity. Echocardiogram showed reduced systolic function (45%). Clozapine was immediately discontinued, and his repeat echocardiogram showed normalization of his systolic function. In view of the increased prevalence of psychiatric illnesses, internists should be aware of rare but potentially life-threatening side effects.
Cytotoxic Function and Cytokine Production of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosis Regulation with Interleukin-15
Authors: Lin Syh-Jae , Kuo Ming-Ling , Hsiao Hsiu-Shan , Lee Pei-Tzu , Lee Wen-I , Chen Ji-Yih , Huang Jing-Long
Published: March 2019

Natural killer cells and NKT-like cells are the first line immune defense against tumor and virus infection. Deficient NK and NKT-like cell effector function may contribute to increased susceptibility to infection in SLE patients. We sought to examine the perforin and granzyme B expression, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and CD107a degranulation of NK and NKT-like cells from SLE patients and their regulation by IL-15. We established that (1) perforin expression on SLE NK cells was decreased but unrelated to disease activity; (2) the MFI of granzyme B was increased in NK cells from SLE patients with active disease, associated with increased percentages of granzyme B+CD56brightNK cells; (3) NK cells from active SLE patients, both CD56dimand CD56brightNK subsets, produced higher IFN-γcompared to controls; (4) CD56dim, but not CD56brightNK cells from active SLE patients, produced lower TNF-α, compared to inactive SLE patients and controls; (5) CD107a degranulation of SLE NK cells was comparable to controls; (6) IL-15 enhanced perforin/granzyme B expression, IFN-γ/TNF-αproduction, and CD107a degranulation of NK cells from SLE patients; and (7) similar observations were found for CD56+CD3+NKT-like cells. Taken together, we demonstrated the differential expression of the heightened granzyme B and decreased TNF-αin NK and NKT-like cells in SLE patients. Higher granzyme B expression of NK and NKT-like cells in active SLE patients, further enhanced by circulating IL-15, may contribute to the maintenance of inflammation in SLE.
The Effects of Fecal Donors with Different Feeding Patterns on Diarrhea in a Patient Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Ren Guangxu , Li Minghua , Lu Peihua , Yi Suqin
Published: March 2019

Almost 90% of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience diarrheal episodes, which represent a severe, often life-threatening complication for these patients. Although fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents an alternative treatment option for infection-related diarrhea, the application of FMT in HSCT patients is greatly restricted for safety reasons. Furthermore, the therapeutic outcomes of FMT as a diarrhea treatment are somewhat related to the choice of the FMT donor. Here, we comprehensively profiled the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota after FMT from two donors with different feeding patterns and the same severely diarrheal recipient undergoing HSCT via a 45-day clinical observation. Importantly, no adverse events attributed to FMT were observed. The stool volume and frequency of the patient were reduced when we used feces from donor #1 (mixed feeding), but these changes were not observed after FMT from donor #2 (exclusive breastfeeding). Interestingly, no obvious differences in overall diversity (Shannon) or richness (Chao1) between the two donors were observed. Additionally, Bifidobacterium accounted for 29.9% and 18.1% of OTUs in the stools of donors #1 and #2, respectively. Lactobacillus accounted for 16.3% and 2.9% of the stools of donors #1 and #2, respectively. Furthermore, through longitudinal monitoring of the patient, we identified 6 OTUs that were particularly sensitive to the different FMT complements. Together, we present a case report suggesting that the overall diversity of the intestinal microbiota may not be the only important element in the selection of an effective FMT donor.
Genetic Predisposition to Hepatocarcinogenesis in Inbred and Outbred Mouse Lines Selected for High or Low Inflammatory Response
Authors: de Carvalho Lilian Rego , Borrego Andrea , Jensen José Ricardo , Cabrera Wafa Hanna Koury , Santos Aline Marques , Ribeiro Orlando Garcia , Starobinas Nancy , De Franco Marcelo , Dragani Tommaso A. , Manenti Giacomo , Ibañez Olga Célia Martinez
Published: March 2019

AIRmax and AIRmin mouse strains phenotypically selected for high and low acute inflammatory responsiveness (AIR) are, respectively, susceptible or resistant to developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by the chemical carcinogens urethane and diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Early production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver after DEN treatment correlated with tumor development in AIRmax mice. Transcriptome analysis of livers from untreated AIRmax and AIRmin mice showed specific gene expression profiles in each line, which might play a role in their differential susceptibility to HCC. Linkage analysis with SNP markers in F2 (AIRmax×AIRmin) intercross mice revealed two quantitative trait loci (QTL) in chromosomes 2 and 9, which are significantly associated with the number and progression of urethane-induced liver tumors. An independent linkage analysis with an intercross population from A/J and C57BL/6J inbred mice mapped regions in chromosomes 1 and 7 associated with the progression of urethane-induced liver tumors, evidencing the heterogeneity of HCC genetic control.
Phase-Amplitude Coupling of Neural Oscillations Can Be Effectively Probed with Concurrent TMS-EEG
Authors: Glim Sarah , Okazaki Yuka O. , Nakagawa Yumi , Mizuno Yuji , Hanakawa Takashi , Kitajo Keiichi
Published: March 2019

Despite the widespread use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), knowledge of its neurophysiological mode of action is still incomplete. Recently, TMS has been proposed to synchronise neural oscillators and to thereby increase the detectability of corresponding oscillations at the population level. As oscillations in the human brain are known to interact within nested hierarchies via phase-amplitude coupling, TMS might also be able to increase the macroscopic detectability of such coupling. In a concurrent TMS-electroencephalography study, we therefore examined the technique’s influence on theta-gamma, alpha-gamma, and beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling by delivering single-pulse TMS (sTMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the left motor cortex and right visual cortex of healthy participants. The rTMS pulse trains were of 5 Hz, 11 Hz, and 23 Hz for the three coupling variations, respectively. Relative to sham stimulation, all conditions showed transient but significant increases in phase-amplitude coupling at the stimulation site. In addition, we observed enhanced coupling over various other cortical sites, with a more extensive propagation during rTMS than during sTMS. By indicating that scalp-recorded phase-amplitude coupling can be effectively probed with TMS, these findings open the door to the technique’s application in manipulative dissections of such coupling during human cognition and behaviour in healthy and pathological conditions.
Correlation Analyses of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Calculation of Prostate Volume in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Voiding Problems Who Cannot Have Transrectal Ultrasonography
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Park Boram , Kwon Whi-An , Joung Jae Young , Seo Ho Kyung , Chung Jinsoo , Lee Kang Hyun
Published: March 2019

Objective. To evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining total prostate volume (TPV) for patients with colorectal cancer, as an alternative to transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) of the prostate when TRUS is not an option. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 122 male cancer patients who were referred to our urology department between 2014 and 2016 for voiding problems. They underwent colorectal surgery within 3 months; we estimated the correlations of the TPV measurements made using CT, MRI, and TRUS. A total of 122 TRUS, 88 MRI, and 34 CT images were reviewed repeatedly, twice by 2 independent urologists within 1 month after the initial evaluation. The correlations were statistically evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot and Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses. Results. Overall median age was 70.5 years and the median TPV, as measured using TRUS, CT, and MRI, was 33.2, 43.4, and 30.1 mL, respectively. There was a good correlation in TPV measured with CT (coefficient >0.7) and MRI (>0.8). There was not a good correlation between TRUS and preoperative and postoperative CT/MRI; preoperative CT/MRI had a higher correlation (>0.7) than postoperative CT/MRI (>0.8). When stratified by prostate volume, preoperative CT (>0.58-0.59) correlated better for <30 mL and preoperative MRI (0.70-0.75) correlated better for ≥30 mL. Conclusions. The study showed that preoperative MRI had the best correlation with TRUS, especially in prostates ≥30 mL despite overestimations in CT and MRI measurements compared with TRUS.
Is Hypercalcemia a Frequent Complication following Local Use of Calcium Sulfate with Antibiotics for the Treatment of Extremity Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis? A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Guan-qiao , Yang Jia-jun , Lin Qing-rong , Hu Yan-jun , Yu Bin
Published: March 2019

Background. Previous study had reported hypercalcemia as a frequent complication (20%) following local use of antibiotic-eluting calcium sulfate (CS) during treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). However, whether this complication may occur in patients who receive local CS implantation for management of posttraumatic osteomyelitis (OM) remains unclear. Methods. Between April 2016 and May 2017, we included 55 patients with extremity posttraumatic OM who received local antibiotic-loaded CS therapy. Serum calcium levels were detected preoperatively and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days (PODs). Comparisons were performed regarding serum calcium levels among the four time points and between two different CS volume groups (≤ 20 cc group and > 20 cc group). Additionally, potential associations were examined regarding CS volume and preoperative calcium level with postoperative calcium levels, respectively. Results. Altogether 46 males and 9 females were included, with a median CS volume of 20 cc. Outcomes showed that prevalence of asymptomatic hypocalcemia was more frequent, with 16.4% before surgery and 60%, 53.8%, and 25% on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th PODs, respectively. Hypercalcemia was not found in any patients, at any time point. In addition, significant differences were identified regarding serum calcium levels among different time points, suggesting significantly decreased calcium levels on the 1st (P < 0.001) and 3rd PODs (P < 0.001) and back to near preoperative level on the 7th POD (P = 0.334). However, no statistical differences were observed regarding serum calcium levels between the two CS volume groups at any time points (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant links were identified between CS volume and postoperative calcium levels (P > 0.05). Serum calcium levels on the 3rd (P = 0.019) and 7th PODs (P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the preoperative calcium level. Conclusions. In contrast to what had occurred in PJI patients, asymptomatic hypocalcemia appeared to be more frequent in this cohort with posttraumatic OM. Hypercalcemia may be an infrequent complication before and after local CS use for the treatment of extremity posttraumatic OM.
Protective Effects of Kaempferol on D-Ribose-Induced Mesangial Cell Injury
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhao Shaoyang , Hong Jinni , Li Weiwei , Wang Xuemei
Published: March 2019

Recently, it has been found that the level of urinary D-ribose in type 2 diabetes is notably higher than that in age-matched normal control, and D-ribose is more reactive in the glycation than D-glucose and induces oxidative stress. Kaempferol is one of the main bioactive components in Astragalus membranaceus, with numerous physiological actives, such as antioxidant. The present study investigated the protective effects of kaempferol on D-ribose-treated mesangial cells. CCK-8 and LDH assay were used to test cell viability and cell toxicity. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the AGE formation and ROS accumulation. GSH level was measured to reflect oxidation resistance. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining, AO/EB staining, and western blot. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was detected by JC-1 staining, western blot, and RT-PCR. The change of autophagy level was tested by western blot. The results indicated that D-ribose induced not only cell damage and increased AGE formation and ROS accumulation but also GSH depletion. Further studies demonstrated that D-ribose induced mitochondrial depolarization and the activation of caspase-9/3. But kaempferol could partly block these damages. Subsequently, it was confirmed that kaempferol repaired the autophagy disturbance induced by D-ribose, and 3-MA could reverse the protective effect of kaempferol under D-ribose condition. Our study demonstrated that D-ribose induced AGE accumulation and ROS production in mesangial cell and caused mitochondrial apoptosis, but kaempferol could attenuate these changes and its protective effect might be related to the repair of autophagy.
Enhanced Antitumor Immune Response in 2′-5′Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like 1- (OASL1-) Deficient Mice upon Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Authors: Sim Chan Kyu , Lee Jung Hoon , Baek In-Jeoung , Lee Sang-Wook , Lee Myeong Sup
Published: March 2019

Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the antitumor immune response. In our previous study, we showed that IFN-I-inducible 2′-5′oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulated IFN-I production upon tumor challenge similar to that of viral infection. Thus, OASL1-deficient (Oasl1−/−) mice were more resistant to implanted tumor growth than wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we investigated whether targeting or suppressing OASL1 could show synergistic effects on tumor clearance with conventional cancer therapies (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) usingOasl1−/−mice and a transplantable lung metastatic tumor cell model. Upon treatment with the anticancer drug cisplatin, we found thatOasl1−/−mice showed enhanced resistance to injected tumors compared to untreatedOasl1−/−mice. Similarly, irradiatedOasl1−/−mice showed better resistance to tumor challenge than untreatedOasl1−/−mice. Additionally, we found thatOasl1−/−mice applied with both types of the cancer therapies contained more cytotoxic effector cells, such as CD8+T cells and NK cells, and produced more cytotoxic effector cytokine IFN-γas well as IFN-I in their tumor-containing lungs compared to untreatedOasl1−/−mice. Collectively, these results show that targeting OASL1 together with conventional cancer therapies could be an effective strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.
Temperature Field and Optimal Design of Duct-Ventilated Tower Foundation in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Liu Fengyun , Shao Zhushan , Wang Yan
Published: March 2019

The bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of a tower foundation are seriously affected by its temperature status in permafrost regions. It is very important to maintain the tower foundation at a lower temperature status. In this paper, a ventilation duct is introduced into the tower foundation to decline the temperature around the tower footing. A 3D numerical heat transfer model is established to investigate the cooling effectiveness of a duct-ventilated tower foundation. Several cases with different parameters (e.g., diameters and buried depths) are calculated to compare the temperature distribution around the tower foundation during the cold season. The results show a significant cooling effect of the foundation near the ventilation duct, and an optimized case is found. In the warm season, the adjustable shutter is employed in the duct-ventilated tower foundation to prevent heat in the tower foundation. It is established that an adjustable shutter installed in the ventilation duct can keep the tower foundation in a frozen state in the warm season.
Rozmowy między wierszami – interakcje tłumacza z autorem w przypisach (i innych paratekstach) do tekstów literackich
Authors: Sztorc Weronika
Published: March 2019

Conversations Between the Lines – Interactions Between the Translator and the Author in Footnotes (and Other Paratexts) to Literary WorksThe article concerns footnotes to literary texts translated from English into Polish in which translators waive their invisibility and clearly underline their presence in the text, as if demanding attention and entering into dialogue with the author. The context for these considerations is provided by contemporary trends in literature, the concept of the death of the author, and the postulate of translator’s loyalty. A number of functions of footnotes are distinguished, e.g. correcting the author’s mistakes, adding information or guessing the author’s intentions. Also the form of the footnotes is peculiar: often stylistically or emotionally marked, humorous, sometimes ironic. The analysis of the collected material suggests that translators refuse to be invisible intermediaries or the author’s loyal servants, but become overt co-authors of the text who have power over it.
Przekład zakorzeniony jako przejaw manipulizmu na podstawie odbioru "Kubusia Puchatka" i "Fredzi Phi-Phi"
Authors: Staniuk Jolanta
Published: March 2019

Rooted Translation as an Example of Manipulation on the Basis of the Reception of Kubuś Puchatek and Fredzia Phi-PhiThe new rendition of a text whose previous translation has already entered the literary canon of a given language can be a challenge. The existence of a rooted translation in one literary system can constitute an obstacle for the future translators of a given text. The influence of such a commonly accepted translation, ingrained in the minds of readers, can be seen as an example of manipulation. The examination of the two Polish renditions of the same book – Winnie-the-Pooh by A.A. Milne can further prove this point. While the first translation, done by Irena Tuwim, was considered a great success and entered the Polish literary canon, the next translator – Monika Adamczyk had to deal with numerous criticisms and the readers’ rejection because her version of the book was significantly different from her predecessor’s.
Ekwiwalencja przekładu w kontekście oceny wiarygodności zeznań świadka
Authors: Liber-Kwiecińska Katarzyna , Brol Magdalena , Głowacka Agnieszka , Kudyk Justyna , Pasiut Marta
Published: March 2019

Equivalence of Written Translation in the Context of the Assessment of the Credibility of Witness TestimonyThis article presents a study on the equivalence of written translation in the context of the assessment of the credibility of witness testimony. Part one examines psychological criteria for assessing the credibility of testimony and linguistic indicators of deception that formed the theoretical basis of the study. Translations gathered during the study were analyzed linguistically and compared with original in order to categorize the errors and mistakes made by translators before and after learning the criteria of statements credibility assessment in training. The article also presents a comparative analysis of the assessments made by expert judges with regard to both the original testimonies and the translations thereof. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there are certain differences in the assessment of an original and its translation, and knowledge of the criteria for determining the credibility of a witness’s testimony has a positive impact on translation equivalence.
Biochemical Changes Followed Experimental Respiratory Distress by Benzene Vapours
Authors: H. A. Abdel Maksoud , M. K. Mahfouz , M. A. Omnia , M. H Abdullah , M. E. Eltabey , G. Elharrif Mohamed
Published: March 2019

Monitoring of exposure to chemical matters is seriously needed for evaluating health hazards resulted from its inhalation. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical, immunological and oxidative stress parameters as well as the possible histological effects of exposure to benzene vapours in male albino rats. Results indicated that; Benzene vapours exposure induced significant increasing in Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme levels. This goes with marked immunologic changes presented by decreases in immunoglobulins; IgA and IgG, along with increases in levels of IgM and IgE. Also, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased. Meanwhile, reduction in different biochemical parameters including; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) levels and Glutathione (GSH) content. Lung sections taken showed; Thickening of alveolar septa with chronic inflammation and /or fibrosis, Congested vessels/thick walled vessels and Peri-bronchiolar fibrosis. Hence, the study concluded that; prolonged benzene (BNZ) vapours exposure lead to biochemical, immune disterbance and histopathological changes probably through potentiating oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.