bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s access to and control over land and the food security of farming households in rural Benin
Authors: Lokonon Boris Odilon Kounagbè , Pilo Mikémina
Published: March 2021

Ce papier évalue l’impact de l’accès des femmes à la terre et de leur contrôle sur les scores de consommation et de diversité alimentaire des ménages, en utilisant l’échantillon rural des données de l’enquête sur l’analyse globale de la vulnérabilité et de la sécurité alimentaire réalisée en 2013 au Bénin. Le score de consommation alimentaire des ménages est positivement et significativement lié à l’accès des femmes à la terre et à son contrôle. Les ménages agricoles dans lesquels elles ont accès à la terre et la contrôlent ont en moyenne un score de consommation alimentaire supérieur de 15,75 par rapport à leurs homologues.
Un mini-péage sur les paiements : une solution pour financer la transition vers une économie durable
Authors: Rochet Jean-Charles
Published: March 2021

Nous proposons la création d’une nouvelle taxe qui rapporterait suffisamment pour alléger la fiscalité du travail tout en finançant la transition énergétique. Il s’agit d’un mini-péage sur tous les mouvements de fonds entre les comptes bancaires des contribuables français, particuliers et entreprises. Ces mouvements représentent plus de 100 fois le PIB. Un péage à un taux très faible instauré sur un tel volume fournirait une recette fiscale substantielle, et ce même en tenant compte de la contraction qu’il entraînerait sur ce volume. Il serait peu coûteux à prélever et difficile à éviter. Son taux uniforme et l’absence d’exonérations le rendraient transparent et plus facile à faire accepter. Enfin, ce prélèvement serait progressif, car les ménages les plus riches « consomment » beaucoup de paiements scripturaux.
Optimal pricing and ordering policy for defective items under temporary price reduction with inspection errors and price sensitive demand
Authors: Zhu Guiyang
Published: March 2021

This paper studies the retailer's optimal promotional pricing, special order quantity and screening rate for defective items when a temporary price reduction (i.e., TPR) is offered. Although previous studies have examined the similar issue, they assume a constant demand and an error-free screening process. A subversion of these two assumptions differentiates our paper. First, using a price-sensitive demand, we analyze that the original screening rate may be insufficient, and propose the CPD (i.e., control the promotional demand) and the ISR (i.e., increase the screening rate through investment) strategy to handle it. Second, we incorporate both Type I and Type II inspection errors into our model. Then we establish an inventory model aiming to maximize the retailer's profit under CPD and ISR, respectively. Finally, numerical examples are conducted and several results are obtained: (1) a higher portion of defects makes ISR more profitable; (2) both a higher probability of a Type I error and a Type II error decrease the profit under CPD and ISR, but a Type I error has a more pronounced negative impact; and (3) comparing with the existing studies with a constant demand, our model generates a higher profit especially in markets with a higher price sensitivity.
Hegel's Entäußerung – Notes on the Kenotic Actualisation
Authors: Völker Jan
Published: March 2021

The article reads the preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit as the unfolding of the first circle in the development of spirit. It starts with a deception, as we become aware of the impossibility of reading the text along the lines of a regular understanding of regular meanings: instead, the speculative presentation needs to be written while reading. Philosophy takes place in this actualisation of the speculative, and Hegel appears within the text not as its author, but as the site of the speculative, in which he disappears at the same time. This first circle creates a model for the development of spirit in which the theological form of the kenosis is actualised. Spirit empties itself and actualises itself as externalised, directing us beyond Hegel’s text to other texts, only to find its actual presentation in other places.
Lacan’s Fifth and Unfinished Discourse: Capitalism’s Alchemist Dream
Authors: Zeiher Cindy
Published: March 2021

Why is it that we sometimes think of Lacan as Marxist when he is so assertive in being Freudian? Perhaps it is because Lacan perceives Marx rather than Freud as the discoverer of the symptom and furthermore places Marx as central to his fifth Capitalist discourse, in contrast with his previous discourses which are all inspired by Freud. This article considers how Lacan’s final and arguably unfinished Capitalist discourse stands apart from all the others, yet at the same time it reveals contradictions and possible parallels with them as it attempts to unravel the dialectical tensions between the problematic production and consumption of meaning.
Tool Support for Distributed Workflow Management with Task Clustering
Authors: Weerasinghe Ayesh , Wijethunga Kalana , Jayasekara Randika , Perera Indika , Wickramarachchi Anuradha
Published: March 2021

When in need for executing complex sets of interrelated calculations on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments the obvious choice is to use scientific workflows. As workload management software do not support the execution of interrelated tasks, workflow management systems have been introduced to execute workflows on HPC environments. Recently, a new distributed architectural model that offers dynamic workflow execution capabilities to workflow management systems is introduced. It executes workflows on a per-task basis. While this approach facilitates dynamic workflows, it adds a considerable overhead to workflows substantially increasing their makespans. As most workflows are static, task-wise execution of workflows degrades the performance of most workflows. In this paper, we introduce a distributed workflow management system, SwarmForm that introduces task clustering to the new architectural model. SwarmForm is open source and offers better performance than existing distributed workflow management systems by clustering workflow tasks to reduce overheads while allowing the users to choose between task-wise and cluster-wise execution of workflows depending on the workflow nature. The paper proves that SwarmForm enables the use of all the features introduced with the new architectural model while providing better makespans for scientific workflows.
Structures Technology for Component Damage and Failure Prediction
Authors: Nikishkov Yuri , Nikishkov Gennadiy , Seon Guillaume , Shonkwiler Brian , Makeev Andrew , Schaefer Joseph D. , Justusson Brian
Published: March 2021

Advanced structural analysis methods, known as progressive damage and failure analysis tools, are being developed to predict initiation and propagation of damage under repeated loading based on capturing individual and interacting damage modes. This work shows the ability of the progressive
damage and failure analysis method implemented in CDMat software developed at the University of Texas Arlington Advanced Materials and Structures Lab to predict strength and fatigue failure of an advanced mechanically fastened aerospace structural joint, the common feature test component (CFTC)—
representative of flight-critical structural attributes and failure modes—without a priori knowledge of the test result. The CFTC structural features include a composite tape skin, a composite fabric stiffener, and an aluminum rib applying pullthrough load through multiple countersunk
bolts combined with the axial compression of skin and stiffener. Failure and damage predictions under static and constant-amplitude cyclic loading are compared with tests. Developed by Boeing under the Air Force Research Laboratory Composite Airframe Life Extension Program, the CFTC has been
the most complex progressive damage and failure analysis validation article to date.
Extending Blatt’s two-polarity model of personality development to dissociative identity disorder: a theory-building case study
Authors: Cornelis Shana , Desmet Mattias , Meganck Reitske , Kimberly Van Nieuwenhove , Willemsen Jochem
Published: March 2021

In this theory-building case study, we investigate Blatt’s two-polarity model of personality development according to which psychopathology is a consequence of an unbalance between the two developmental lines of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition. Anaclitic psychopathology, such as schizophrenia, histrionic, dependent, and borderline personality disorders, is associated with an excessive and rigid emphasis on interpersonal relatedness. In this theory-building case study, we examine whether this model can be extended to dissociative identity disorder (DID). The patient is a 23-year old Caucasian man who suffers from periodic episodes of dissociation. Consensual qualitative research for case studies is used to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the interplay between symptomatic and interpersonal evolutions throughout 41 sessions of supportive-expressive psychoanalytic psychotherapy. In line with the two-polarity model of personality development, close associations between symptoms of dissociation and dependent interpersonal dynamics were observed. Psychoanalytic interventions focusing on elaboration of the subjective meanings of (past and anticipated) dissociations, and on working through core interpersonal conflicts, are followed by transformations in the patient’s interpersonal stances and subjective well-being. No new dissociative episodes were reported during the follow-up assessment three and a half years after the completion of treatment. This case study demonstrates that DID is a form of anaclitic psychopathology as it is associated with a predominant tendency to interpersonal relatedness.
Reliability of 3 Urine Specific Gravity Meters for Measuring Brix and Urine Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Wardenaar Floris , Ortega-Santos Carmen P. , Vento Kaila , Olzinski Stephanie , Olig Jason , Kavouras Stavros , Johnston Carol
Published: March 2021

Context

Urine specific gravity (USG) should be measured at room temperature (20°C), but the temperature of the sample is not always considered.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of sample temperature on the measurement accuracy of a digital refractometer (DIG), manual optical refractometer (MAN), and hydrometer (HYD).

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Urine specific gravity.

Results

Experiment 1 (24 Brix (°Bx) samples) showed that measurements via the DIG and MAN did not differ from the reference, but HYD provided lower or inconsistent values compared with °Bx and was highly correlated with °Bx solutions (r, > = 0.89). The overall diagnostic ability of elevated USG cut-off values (≥1.020, ≥1.025, ≥1.030) was high for all tools (area under the curve >0.92). Misclassification of samples increased from 0 to 2 at 1.020 to 1 to 3 samples at cutoffs of 1.025 and 1.030 USG. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the DIG 5°C underreported slightly without reporting bias (r = −0.344, P = .13); all other plots for the DIG, MAN, and HYD showed considerably larger underreporting at higher concentrations (r = −0.21 to −0.97 with P >.02) at all temperatures. The outcomes of experiment 2 (33 fresh urine samples) using DIG 20°C as the standard demonstrated only negligible differences between the DIG and MAN at all temperatures but larger differences using the HYD.

Conclusions

All tools showed reporting bias compared with the °Bx solutions, which can affect the classification of low and high urine concentration at higher USG cutoff values, especially with a sample temperature of 37°C.
Table of Contents Vol 26 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Psychosocial Management
Authors: Phakey Nisha , Godara Karishma , Garg Divyani , Sharma Suvasini
Published: March 2021

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) is a common disorder that imitates epileptic seizures and has its etiological roots in psychological distress. Due to its “epileptic” similarity, it is often dealt with not only by mental health professionals but also by physicians, pediatricians and neurologists. There is a growing consensus towards the psychotherapeutic treatment of the disorder, albeit a lack of clarity in choosing a gold-standard approach. This paper seeks to serve as a compendium of different psychotherapeutic approaches and their efficacy in the management of PNES. The paper employed the search strategy by selecting the keywords: “Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) and psychosocial management”, “PNES Treatment approach”, “PNES and psychotherapy” in PUBMED, EBSCO host, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS database. Eventually, specific therapies were cross-searched with PNES for an exhaustive review. Several studies were found employing various psychotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of PNES in pilot studies, randomized controlled, or open uncontrolled trials. Cognitive Behavior Therapy was demonstrated as an efficacious treatment for PNES in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Other approaches that were effective in ameliorating the symptoms were psychodynamic therapies or psychoeducation based group therapies. Some therapies like Novel Integrative psychotherapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation Therapy and Mindfulness-based therapies require further exploration in larger clinical trials. The findings demonstrate that psychological intervention for PNES is a promising alternative treatment approach with a need for more RCTs with a larger sample and robust methodology for better generalization.
A Primary Care Approach for Oral Health Promotion Among HIV Patients
Authors: Rodrigues Anisha , Kannappan Suvetha , Sadhu Bhakti
Published: March 2021

Background:

HIV-positive patients are at a greater risk for developing oral health problems, making them potentially susceptible to nutritional deficiencies, decreased adherence to treatment, and failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Their oral health needs are unmet due to a lack of awareness, social stigma, and other factors. The primary care workers (PCWs) are the first point of contact for health issues of these patients.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the educational intervention for the PCWs on oral health.

Materials and Methods:

This interventional pilot study was conducted at two residential centers for HIV patients in Mangalore. The participants included 15 PCWs working at these centers. An educational module was prepared as the intervention that included dental conditions that could compromise oral health, oral manifestations of HIV, and oral health care. A structured questionnaire was administered to the PCWs before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and at 3 months. The PCWs were required to routinely examine the HIV patients for any dental or oral health problems and refer them to the dental hospital for treatment. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software (Chicago. IL, USA) was used for analysis.p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Chi-squared test were used for data analysis.

Results:

73% of the caretakers had no training in oral health care. Analysis of the mean scores revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in their knowledge and skills from 2.53 ± 1.3 to 7.57 ± 1.2. There was also a statistically significant increase in the number of referrals to the dental hospital.

Conclusion:

Educating the PCWs showed positive outcomes enabling patients' access to regular professional oral health care, thus improving their quality of life.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Traumatic Dental Injuries Among 12–15 Year Old School Going Children, Mathura City
Authors: Gupta Roopali , Kaur Navpreet , Sharma Vivek , Bhalla Manish , Srivastava Manvi , Sisodia Siddharth
Published: March 2021

Background:

Traumatic dental injuries are a serious public dental health problem throughout the world. The incidence of traumatic injuries is increasing over the years. Trauma to the permanent anterior teeth is a common finding. Dental trauma is an irreversible pathology that after the occurrence is characterized by a life-long debilitating effect.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and assess factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth among 12–15-year-old children attending private and government schools in Mathura city.

Materials and Methods:

An epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out among 1000 school children aged 12–15 years in which 500 children from both government and private schools, respectively, of five geographical zones of Mathura city were randomly selected. Children completed a questionnaire related to the history of trauma to their anterior teeth after which they were examined for type of lip coverage, Angle's molar relationship, and incisor nature of trauma sustained.

Statistical analysis:

SPSS 21 was carried out using Student's t-test (P < 0.05), Chi-square test, and Mantel–Haenszel test.

Results:

The prevalence of traumatic injuries was 8.9% and was higher among government school children compared to private school children. The boys and girls with a history of trauma were 67.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The main cause of trauma was fall in the playground (46.0%). The main reason of trauma was because of pushing (65.2%). The most predominant injuries were enamel fractures and the most common place for occurrence was school.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of dental injuries in Mathura city was high and it has a great potential to be considered as an emerging public health problem.
The pattern of health care provision and utilization among adult patients with sickle cell disease in Southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhaldy Husain Y. , Asiri Bandar S. , Ahmed Meteb A. , Khozam Sabah A. , Alzahrani Abdulbari A. , Alqahtani Yahya M. , Alshamrani Nouf D. , Bakheet Omayma S.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Sickle cell disease is a common hereditary hemoglobin disorder in southern Saudi Arabia. The current models of health care provision and health service utilization are not homogeneous across the kingdom.

Aim:

The current models of health care provision and health service utilization in a single center in our region were audited to evaluate the current provided healthcare services and suggest improvement if needed.

Methodology:

In this retrospective chart review study, from 2015 to 2019, all patients with sickle cell anemia admitted to a tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the study. All related data including demographics, laboratory interventions, and management procedures were collected. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests of association were performed.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-one patients were admitted 165 times over the study period. Vaso-occlusive pain episodes was the most commonindication (58%) for admission, followed by hepatobiliary (16%), and pulmonary complications (12.7%). Most of the provisioned services were of nonspecialized medical or surgical specialties. Blood transfusion was overused (64%), whereas adequate hydroxyurea (HU) therapy was underused (25%).

Conclusion:

The current study offers a glimpse of some gaps between the current practice and the established local, national, and international guidelines in terms of underutilizing HU and over utilizing blood transfusion. Comprehensive care centers were not available, and care was provided mainly by nonhematologists. Educating health providers and establishing comprehensive care centers would enhance the current model of health care provision.
The molecular etiology and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Peng Cheng-Huan , Lin Wen-Ying , Yeh Kuang-Ting , Chen Ing-Ho , Wu Wen-Tien , Lin Ming-Der
Published: March 2021

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, accounting for 20% of osteoporosis diagnoses. Using glucocorticoids for >6 months leads to osteoporosis in 50% of patients, resulting in an increased risk of fracture and death. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis. When bone formation and resorption are out of balance, abnormalities in bone structure or function may occur. Excess glucocorticoids disrupt the bone homeostasis by promoting osteoclast formation and prolonging osteoclasts' lifespan, leading to an increase in bone resorption. On the other hand, glucocorticoids inhibit osteoblasts' formation and facilitate apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in a reduction of bone formation. Several signaling pathways, signaling modulators, endocrines, and cytokines are involved in the molecular etiology of GIOP. Clinically, adults ≥40 years of age using glucocorticoids chronically with a high fracture risk are considered to have medical intervention. In addition to vitamin D and calcium tablet supplementations, the major therapeutic options approved for GIOP treatment include antiresorption drug bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment teriparatide, and the monoclonal antibody denosumab. The selective estrogen receptor modulator can only be used under specific condition for postmenopausal women who have GIOP but fail to the regular GIOP treatment or have specific therapeutic contraindications. In this review, we focus on the molecular etiology of GIOP and the molecular pharmacology of the therapeutic drugs used for GIOP treatment.
Three-dimensional ultrasound for carotid vessel wall volume measurement
Authors: Chen Ying-An , Chen Pei-Ya , Lin Shinn-Kuang
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

The intima–media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery can now be detected on a three-dimensional (3D) plane. The 3D vessel wall volume (VWV) more accurately represents vascular conditions. Through 3D ultrasound, we established a standardized method for carotid VWV measurement.

Materials and Methods:

A total of thirty patients without stroke or cardiovascular disease who received carotid duplex sonography were retrospectively reviewed. Gray-scale 3D images from the distal common carotid artery (CCA) to internal carotid artery on both sides were acquired using a single-sweep 3D transducer and analyzed offline by using the vascular plaque quantification function of the Philips QLAB software. Then, the 3D IMT(QLAB intima–media thickness [QIMT]), total plaque volume (TPV), and VWV were measured by a neurologist and a technician, and the interobserver variability was assessed.

Results:

The mean two-dimensional (2D) carotid IMT was 0.65 ± 0.12 mm. The mean QIMT, TPV, and VWV measured by observer 1 were 0.68 ± 0.18 mm, 26 ± 12 mm3, and 94 ± 10 mm3, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot of the mean differences between the QIMT, TPV, and VWV values measured by observers 1 and 2 showed that those of observer 2 were within two standard deviations of those of observer 1. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated strong correlations in QIMT (ICC = 0.76), TPV (ICC = 0.85), and VWV (ICC = 0.90; P < 0.001) between observers 1 and 2. Both 2D IMT and 3D QIMT exhibited a positive linear correlation with age.

Conclusion:

This study established a standardized VWV measurement through 3D ultrasound. Reasonable interobserver differences were obtained within a 95% limit of agreement and high reliability (ICC = 0.90). The VWV 1 cm from the CCA bifurcation was quantified with a mean value of 94.2 mm3. Further studies on the 3D ultrasound quantification of carotid arteries are warranted.
Drinking water quality indices: a systematic review
Authors: Klamt Rodrigo Augusto , Costa Adilson Ben da , Gaedke Mari Ângela , Lobo Eduardo Alexis
Published: March 2021

This analysis applied systematic review as a methodology for identifying, analyzing and interpreting data on the use of water quality indices for human consumption. Scientific articles were searched in the “PubMed”, “Scielo”, “ScienceDirect” and “Web of Science" databases, using the keywords “drinking water” and “water quality index”, with a custom interval between 2000 and 2020. The results indicated 82,573 published articles, with 16 of them being selected after a filtering process. The occurrence of 11 water quality indices was verified, including 47 water quality parameters used to assess the quality of drinking water, highlighting that the parameters pH, Nitrate, Turbidity, Chloride and Sulfate were the most used, cited in 10 of the 16 articles selected (62,5%). We suggest that future studies seek to propose regionalized water quality indicators for consumption, in order to consider local aspects in the evaluation process and to determine intervention priorities by health surveillance agencies.
Characterising the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems: an Entry Point for Promoting Coffee and Banana Growing in mid-Northern Uganda
Authors: Kagezi Godfrey H. , Kucel P. , Kobusinge J. , L. Nakibuule L. , Akwatulira F. , Perfecto I.
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted in the mid-Northern Ugandan districts of Nwoya, Gulu, Lira, Apach and Oyam to characterise the coffee-banana agroforestry systems. Thirty fields with coffee-banana agroforestry systems were selected and the level of field and crop management determined. Additionally, five coffee and banana plants were randomly selected and assessed for pests and diseases. All fields had Robusta coffee type whereas cooking bananas were the dominant clone (45%). Field management was limited. More than 80% of the fields had no bands, trenches or cover-crops. Most of the fields were lowly weeded (46.7%) and mulched (60%). Intercropping was low with 20% having maize or cassava. Similarly, most fields were lowly inter-planted with trees (40%) with only 28 tree/shrub species and dominated by fruit trees; namely oranges (70%), mangoes (63.3%) and pawpaw (56.7%) of the total number of tree species observed in the systems. Generally, 40% of coffee fields had not been de-suckered, pruned or changed cycle. However, at least 35% of the coffee fields were highly pruned and their cycle changed. For bananas, more than 70% of the fields were not de-suckered, propped or their corms removed, but 63% of them had been de-leafed and de-budded at a low to moderate level. Leaf skeletonisers and coffee leaf rust were the most observed pest (77.3%) and disease (15.3%) respectively. Pest damage was limited in bananas, though black Sigatoka was the commonest disease observed (56%). It is concluded that the region has embraced the systems but there is need for farmers to be provided with the right species of coffee, banana and trees.Keywords: Agroforestry-systems, cooking-bananas, Robusta-coffee.
Place-based Transformation Policies for Decarbonization. The Art of Timing
Authors: Wink Ruediger
Published: March 2021

With the Covid-19 pandemic causing huge economic and social damages in European regions and revealing necessary transformations to cope with secular distortions in many markets, the European Recovery Plan with its funding instruments create a window of opportunity to stimulate transformative changes particularly in lagging European regions. The paper looks at necessary preconditions for transformative changes on a regional level to create a transformative environment for European firms. Specific challenges in former coal regions are addressed to emphasize the need for place-based transformation strategies, which also consider the need to combine short-term stimulations with long-term transformative perseverance.
The Effectiveness of Information Services Using Problem Based Learning Approach to Reduce Academic Procrastination of Counseling Students
Authors: Anna Ayu Herawati  , Arsyadani Mishbahuddin  , Mellyta Uliyadari  , Adif Jawadi Saputra
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by the very fact that there are still students who procrastinate, especially academic assignments, during this case, called the wife of student academic procrastination. Efforts made in reducing the extent of student academic procrastination are information services employing a problem-based learning model. This research aims to look at the effectiveness of data services using problem-based learning models to scale back student academic procrastination. This research uses quantitative methods. the sort of this research is Quasi Experiment with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. the themes of this research were counseling students at the University of Bengkulu. The research instrument used was a Likert scale model. The results showed that information services using effective problem-based learning models to scale back student academic procrastination. The implication of the results of this study is that it are often used as input in creating guidance and counseling service programs, especially in information services using problem-based learning models to scale back student academic procrastination.
Teacher Training in Pakistan: Overview of Challenges and their Suggested Solutions
Authors: Kamran Akhtar Siddiqui  , Shahid Hussain Mughal  , Imran Ali Soomro  , Masood Ahmed Dool
Published: March 2021

Education is a key component of progress in the present-day world. But this progress cannot be made without efforts of teachers. Therefore, teacher education, in particular teacher training becomes extremely important. In this regard, several trainings programs are initiated and executed across Pakistan but the desired outcomes have not been achieved so far. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the challenges in teacher training in Pakistan and the ways through which these issues can be resolved. The sources for the data of the study were the published studies in the field in the context of Pakistan, national education policy, and other relevant literature. Based on secondary data, the study concludes that the issues with teacher training in Pakistan are administrative as well as faculty related. The findings reveal that the challenges related to policy and planning, poor induction of teachers, lack of resources in teacher training institutions, demotivation among teachers, and unequal distribution of skilled and productive teachers, dual training system and infrequent trainings. These issues can be fixed by fostering encouraging environment, ensuring accountability and merit, providing necessary resources, systematizing professional training programs and their continuation. The findings of this study will, therefore, positively guide policymakers to develop the right and effective policy to improve the standard of teacher education in the country.
The Problem Based Learning in Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking for Reading Skills in English Teaching at Vocational School
Authors: Nurul Iskandar  , Mustaji  , Miftakhul Jannah  , Soetam Rizky Wicaksono
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research explained how Problem Based Learning (PBL) designed in teaching and learning English for Vocational School students in Indonesia. A PBL was used for overcoming critical thinking skill in teaching English at vocational school. The sample consisted of tenth grade of vocational school students who were recruited purposively. The research methodology used qualitative and qualitative method. Interview was used to get data about instructional and students’ needs. Questionnaire was used to obtain expert validation during teaching and learning process, and a test was used to obtain the effectiveness. The results of expert validation showed that the design of this learning strategy was good and can be used in learning English. It was effective in English as Foreign Language teaching strategy for vocational school in Blega of Bangkalan. Thus, it could be implemented in the teaching and learning English for vocational school students in enhancing students’ critical thinking.
A utilização de recursos midiáticos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem a distância
Authors: Dos Santos Aldeci
Published: March 2021

A educação a distância (EAD) pode e tem sido realizada por diversos meios, seja rádio, correio, telefone, televisão, dentre outros. O video faz parte deste processo haja vista que o seu uso está cada vez mais presente em nosso dia a dia em vários lugares. Desta forma faz-se necessário à sua grande relevância no campo educacional como meio de informação e comunicação em sala de aula. O uso do vídeo na educação vem dinamizar este processo, deixando as aulas mais estimulantes e significativas, possibilitando ao alunato uma maior atração e concretização mais eficaz dos conteúdos em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Desta forma, o presente artigo visa analisar a utilização do vídeo no processo de ensino/aprendizagem, no que se refere à modalidade EAD.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:   
 Educação à distância, ensino/aprendizagem, vídeo.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCE WATER FROM EBEDEI FLOW PLANT STATION, DELTA STATE
Authors: UMUDI E. Q. , AWATEFE K. J. , IGBORGBOR J.
Published: March 2021

Produce water from Ebedei flow station (Delta State) at three points was analysed. Discharged point (A), midstream (B) and downstream (C) were a mile apart. The metal concentration of iron, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead and manganese were carried out using standard methods. Lead levels at discharged point and down stream were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits. The polynuclear Aromatic hydrocarbon were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total PAHs of sample (A) was 3.63ppm, (B) 52.05 and (C) 59.50 ppm respectively. The pH were within WHO limits of 8.10 and 8.20, conductivity in μs/cm was 20.10 and28.10 within acceptable range. Chloride was between 8, 130.00ppm and 22, 131.53 ppm higher than WHO and effluent discharge limits, while turbidity was between 46ppm-60ppm which was also higher. Hence there is need for holistic monitoring and remediation of produce water in the environment.
Concentration, Soil-To-Plant Transfer Factor Determination of Heavy Metals in Udu Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun M. A. , Money-Irubor M. O.
Published: March 2021

Heavy metals in varied concentrations are employed in the production of steel of different grades. Silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and copper are of great importance in achieving this. They are part of the main ingredients in the production processes, which in most cases determines steel grades. The location of an integrated steel plant within Udu community of Delta State resulted in the pollution of the soil of the surrounding communities, most of which are involved in farming and fishing activities. This necessitated the transfer of these heavy metals from polluted soils into edible plants. These were mainly as a result of discharges of effluents, smoke and particulates from stack during production into the soils of the surrounding communities and finally into some edible plants; that are consumed by the communities as vegetables. Soil and leaf samples were collected from six different towns or communities in Udu. The towns are Ujevwu, Aladja, Ovwian, Ekete Inland, Orhuwhorun and Otor-Udu; and the heavy metals analysed are Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Fe. These samples were digested using USEPA Method 3050B and the heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained showed the following range for transfer factors (TF) in three different edible plants; which are pumpkin plant (Telfaira occidentalis), bitter leaf plant (Vernonia amygdalina) and scent leaf plant (Occinium gratissimum). The range of values obtained for the transfer factors are- Ag: 4.48–196.45; Cd: 44.52–212.79; Co: 0.03–0.46; Cr: 0.38–3.37; Cu: 21.76–102.95 and Fe: 2.85–14.40. For the six sample sites, generally, the values are in the order: Cd ˃ Ag ˃ Cu ˃ Fe ˃ Cr ˃ Co. Result interpretation shows some level of contamination when compared to recommended standard of these heavy metals in plants. The effect of which can be devastating in the future if not checked.
SLAVO-ALANICA
Authors: ИЛИАДИ А.И.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается ряд лингвистических свидетельств контактов древних славян и алан – восточноиранского кочевого народа, который, согласно средневековым хронистам, а также по данным археологии, в VI в. н. э. заселял южнорусские степи, Приазовье и отчасти Крым. Фактологическую базу, на которую опирается автор в своих выводах, образует сумма этимологий, среди которых: а) славяно-аланские сепаратные семантико-этимологические тождества на уровне формульных выражений поэтического, правового языка, образованных по общим для обоих языков клише (псл. *bьrati sьrdьce ~ алан. *zard [?]-varun; псл. *čariti kъrtǫ ~ ср.-иран. (алан.?) *karda kar[n]-; псл. *činiti koranǫ ~ алан. *kar[a]na, согд. vadu-karanāk); б) вероятные аланские заимствования в славянский словарь (*mā-goša ʻлентяйʼ, *ba-kandak или *ba-kandag ʻритуальный хлебʼ, *bārag или *barg[a] ʻпастуший мешокʼ, *barn[a] ʻобязательствоʼ, ʻгарантия попеченияʼ); в) весьма близкие типологические аналогии (псл. *ne-orbъ/*ne-orba ~ осет. magūsa | magosa и пр.). Ареал вероятных следов Slavo-Alanica, обозреваемых в статье, очерчивается степными говорами Украины, говорами Одесской и Херсонской областей, т.е. территориями, отчасти входившими в регион контактов асо-славянского племени антов и алан. На основании сказанного делается вывод о возможной принадлежности перечисленных лексических и фразеологических единиц к остаткам алано-антского адстрата, унаследованного местной славянской речью.

The paper views a number of linguistic evidences of contacts of the ancient Slavs and the Alans – an eastern Iranian nomadic ethnos, which, according to medieval chroniclers and evidence from archeology, in VI century A.D. settled Southern Russian steppes, Azov Sea region and partially Crimea. The author makes his conclusions, drawing on the factual basis, formed of a sum of etymological versions, including such categories: a) exclusive Slavic and Alanian etymological parallels on the level of formulaic expressions, related to the poetic and legal language and formed on the patterns, which were common for both languages: (Proto-Slav. *bьrati sьrdьce ~ Alan. *zard [?]-varun; Proto-Slav. *čariti kъrtǫ ~ Middle Iran. (Alan.?) *karda kar[n]-; Proto-Slav. *činiti koranǫ ~ Alan. *kar[a]na, согд. vadu-karanāk); b) probable borrowings in Slavic vocabulary from Alanian dialects (*mā-goša ʻlazybonesʼ, *ba-kandak or *ba-kandag ʻritual breadʼ, *bārag or *barg[a] ʻshepherd’s sackʼ, *barn[a] ʻobligationʼ, ʻguarantee of careʼ); c) quite close analogies. The areal of probable Slavo-Alanica traces, overviewed in the paper, can be limited to the steppe dialects of Ukraine, dialects of Odessa and Kherson regions that are lands, which lay within the boundaries of the contacts between the Aso-Slavic tribe Antae and Alans. Based on what is told in the paper the author makes the conclusion about probable belonging listed lexical and phraseological units to the relicts of Alanian-Antae adstratum, inherited by Slavic languages.
Shanidar Cave in Northern Iraq (Kurdistan Region), a National Geopark Recommendation
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan
Published: March 2021

Shanidar Cave is located in north Iraq (Kurdistan Region), it is one of the most well-known caves in the region due to its archeological significance. It is an archaeological site which is located within Bradost Mountain north of Erbil city. In the cave, eleven skeletons of Neanderthals, have been found dating back to 65000 – 35000 years B.C., they were called Shanidar (1-11). The cave also contains two later proto-Neolithiccemeteries. The cave is developed due to dissolution of limestone beds of the Qamchuqa Formation which forms the carapace of Bradost Mountain (anticline). Currently, the cave and the downslopes to the foothills of the mountain are limited by a fence. The cave can be reached by a paved road to the foothills level, then by stepping following artificially constructed leader which is designed and constructed by local materials from stones and wood giving to the leader a natural view. The Shanidar cave is highly recommended to be a national Geopark due to its archeological significance
Heavy Minerals Study of Sandstone from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Mukdadiya Formation; Kirkuk, Iraq: Implications for Provenance
Authors: Ali Abbas
Published: March 2021

Mukdadiya Formation (Late Miocene-Pliocene) exposed in the northeastern limb of Baba anticline fold in Kirkuk structure. The selected section was located in the Shoraw area, northeastern Kirkuk city, Iraq. Twenty sandstone samples were collected to study heavy minerals. The study indicates that opaque and epidote group minerals forming the main heavy minerals, followed by amphibole, pyroxene, garnet, and chlorite. According to heavy minerals assemblage, the source rocks are interpreted to be composed essentially of sedimentary followed by igneous and metamorphic rocks and the high contents of unstable and metastable minerals confirm their direct derivation from the adjacent primary source. Ultra-stable and metastable heavy minerals relationship indicated that the sandstone of the Mukdadiya Formation is immature and moderate stability and showed that these minerals couldn't be transported for very long distances close to the source area and not represents polycyclic grain. MF-MT-GM Ternary diagram showed that the studied samples fall within the field of active continental margins which is characterized by a relatively high percentage of minerals (MF˃GM) derived from mafic magmatic rocks.
Праздник в натюрмортах наивных художников: выставочный опыт начала ХХI века
Authors: Usanova A.L.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the works of naive Altai artists — paintings in the genre of still life, selected during the expedition trips of 2000–2002. The author reviewed the expedition materials, performed an analysis of the works included in the exposition of the 2002 exhibition “Naive Still Life”, revealed and presented the peculiarities of the pictorial language and semantic retranslation of the holiday theme in the still lifes of the Altai naïve artists. The article describes the technical details and methods of work of amateur painters, the reasons and circumstances of the authors' appeal to artistic creation, the specifics of the worldview of naive artists and its reflection in the context of the painting.

Статья посвящена исследованию произведений алтайских наивных художников — картин в жанре натюрморта, отобранных в ходе экспедиционных поездок 2000–2002 годов. Автором сделан обзор экспедиционных материалов, выполнен анализ работ, вошедших в экспозицию выставки 2002 года «Наивный натюрморт», выявлены и представлены особенности изобразительного языка и смысловой ретрансляции темы праздника в натюрмортах алтайских наивов. Описаны технические приемы работы живописцев-любителей, причины и обстоятельства обращения авторов к художественному творчеству, специфика мироощущения наивного художника и его отражения в контексте картины.
Жизнеспособные традиции в живописи Сергея Галбена
Authors: Toma L.A.
Published: March 2021

The article highlights the stages of the life and work of the artist from the Republic of Moldova — Sergei Galben, who asserts the value of the emotionality of fine arts and viability of traditions of plastic culture, offering an example of their deep development and individual implementation in his works. Though his achievements were marked by awards in different competitions, being also appreciated by critics in press, and many paintings were purchased by museums and private collectors, the artist's creative way wasn't investigated. The author of the article fills this gap, having studied his numerous works and documentary materials. Most of S. Galben's paintings are connected with the images of Moldavian village. Genre motifs are interpreted as a part of the eternal course of life. His inclination for lyrical expression of feelings helps to reflect the spiritual purity and spontaneity of emotions in his portraits of rural residents, painted with great sympathy. Panoramic views and fragmentary sketches recreate the image of Moldova, “breathing” and emitting a soft light. The “landscape vision” of the artist, who lives in harmony with Nature, is also reflected in those rare semi-abstract compositions, characterized by well considered architectonics and correlation of color spots that express the mobility of the atmosphere. The integrity of the creative personality of Sergei Galben is largely due to the organic connection with the land on which he grew up. The artist is close to the ethical basis of the life of the people and the traditions preserved in everyday life, in the forms of folklore.

В статье освещены этапы жизни и творчества молдавского живописца Сергея Галбена, известного c 1970-х годов по многим республиканским и международным выставкам. Его достижения отмечались победами в конкурсах, многие полотна хранятся в музеях и частных коллекциях. В 2020 году на ретроспективной выставке его произведений в Национальном художественном музее Молдовы с презентацией альбома «Сергей Галбен» наиболее полно раскрылось своеобразие творческой личности. Картины, разнообразные по мотивам и экспрессивным средствам, выявили гармоническое единение автора с природным миром, открытость эмоций и умение придать живописи свободное дыхание. Творческий путь художника до недавнего времени не исследовался, и автор статьи восполнил этот пробел, изучив его многочисленные работы и документальные материалы. Сергей Галбен утверждает ценность эмоциональности искусства, жизнеспособность традиций пластической культуры, давая пример их глубинного освоения и индивидуального претворения. Труд этого мастера достоин введения в широкий искусствоведческий оборот.
Судьба коллекции Ивана Михайловича Саркизова-Серазини
Authors: Sirenko A.S.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the collection of Ivan Mikhailovich Sarkizov-Serazini, a famous Soviet scientist, the founder of national sports medicine and physiotherapy exercises in the USSR. The results of the research are presented as a methodological basis which became a comprehensive analysis of published and unpublished materials related to the formation of the collection. The archival materials stored in the Historical and Sports Museum of the Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism became the source base for the study. It tells about the personality of the scientist, his creative hobbies, provides a list of paintings and books received by museums from the collection of I.M. Sarkizov-Serazini. The list of heir museums where the works donated by the collector are kept, is being specified.

Статья посвящена коллекции известного советского ученого, основоположника отечественной спортивной медицины и лечебной физкультуры в СССР Ивана Михайловича Саркизова-Серазини. Приведены итоги исследования, основой которого стал комплексный анализ опубликованных и неопубликованных материалов, касающихся формирования собрания. Источниковедческой базой стали архивные материалы, хранящиеся в Историко-спортивном музее Российского государственного университета физической культуры, спорта, молодежи и туризма. Рассказывается о личности ученого, его творческих увлечениях, приводится список картин и книг, полученных музеями из собрания И.М. Саркизова-Серазини. Уточняется перечень музеев-наследников, где хранятся произведения, подаренные коллекционером.
Индала
Authors: Chandra L.
Published: March 2021

This article is about the meanings and iconography of the deity Indala, known in China and Japan as the God of the Monkeys. Famous images from Japanese, Chinese and Indian treatises and other sources are given. The translation of Lokesh Chandra's article from the Dictionary of Buddhist Iconography was made by S.М. Belokurova.

Статья посвящена значениям и иконографии божества Индалы, в Китае и Японии известном под именем Бог Обезьян. Приведены известные изображения из японских, китайских и индийских трактатов и других источников. Перевод статьи Локеша Чандры из «Словаря буддийской иконографии» выполнен С.М. Белокуровой.