bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
French practice for design of embedded walls: history and background, overview of limitations of different models and design approaches
Authors: Schmitt Pierre
Published: October 2023

French practice for the design of embedded walls intensively relies on active and passive limit equilibrium analyses, in the tradition of the work by Coulomb, Caquot, Kérisel and Absi, as well as on the more recent method involving spring coefficients, the use of which has become almost systematic, in the continuity of the approaches initiated by Terzaghi and Ménard. This latter method has ever since been improved and refined by intensive geotechnical monitoring, and is of course substantiated, as needed, by the finite element method. The parameters needed to check the serviceability limit states are most often derived from pressuremeter tests, interpreted in accordance with the principles initially established by Ménard, but here again refined by the feedback of monitoring. The ultimate limit states are traditionally checked using global safety factors (approach 2 or now RFA as defined in EC7), the partial factors on the soil resistance parameters (approach 3 or now MFA) being used only for certain situations or types of structures. This tradition, built up on pragmatism, that excludes the unconditional use of a systematic approach and a single method, is based on the belief, every day strengthened by observation and measurement of the behavior of structures, that there is no unique model that would apply to all situations, and that, on the contrary, identification of the limits of existing models is essential. In this lecture, we propose to present the different aspects of this national practice by explaining not only the backgrounds, but also the limits, as well as the way they are taken into account, or at least they should be when this is not the case.
Rétro-ingénierie orientée par les usages de systèmes conversationnels : un cadre applicatif combinant pédagogie active et jeu sérieux
Authors: Ascone Corentin , Vanderhaegen Frédéric
Published: October 2023

L’article présente un cadre applicatif basé sur les principes de pédagogie active et du jeu sérieux pour évaluer des systèmes conversationnels de type chatbots. Plusieurs groupes ont suivi cet atelier afin de déterminer les limites d’usage d’un tel système et de définir par rétro-ingénierie les fonctionnalités à développer. Le jeu sérieux s’appuie sur le jeu des « Blagues de Papa » (« Dad’s jokes ») qui consiste à raconter une histoire drôle à une personne qui ne doit pas rire pour gagner un point, faute de quoi elle perd. Les chatbots utilisés sont soit « Google Assistant » soit « Siri » à qui les utilisateurs demandent de raconter une blague à plusieurs reprises afin d’en analyser l’impact en termes d’humour et d’émotions associées. Les connaissances en termes d’analyse se basent sur l’expérience de chacun ou sur des supports pédagogiques en analyse structuro-fonctionnelle. Différentes mises en situation sont proposées et plusieurs résultats sont présentés.
Usage du nano-ordinateur Raspberry Pi et Matlab pour la régulation d’une alimentation à découpage
Authors: Avila Manuel , Charrière Christophe , Vrignat Pascal , Duculty Florent , Begot Stéphane , Bardet Jean-Christophe
Published: October 2023

Les nano-ordinateurs de type Raspberry Pi ont pris une place importante dans le domaine de l’EEA, que ce soit pour des Interfaces Homme-Machine (IHM), pour le contrôle-commande de systèmes (automatisation simple, fonction pour des services de communication, superviseur domotique…). Les outils disponibles sur ce type de plateforme ainsi que les systèmes d’exploitation sont nombreux. Les langages de programmation disponibles pour l’implémentation des programmes sont également nombreux. Dans ce contexte, Matlab permet notamment ces implémentations. Ce dernier est particulièrement adapté pour la mise en œuvre de systèmes asservis. Cependant, l’une des difficultés avec une carte Raspberry Pi est l’absence d’entrées et/ou sorties analogiques. Dans ce travail, nous proposons une solution de gestion d’entrées/sorties analogiques pour une fréquence d’échantillonnage de l’ordre de quelques kHz.
Le Model Based Design pour l’apprentissage par conception guidée
Authors: Colas Maxime , Deloizy Michel
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente une démarche d’apprentissage par conception guidée reposant sur des techniques de prototypage rapide dans le domaine mécatronique. La pédagogie développée se veut intégrative et auto-contenue : elle ne nécessite pas de prérequis et apporte au fur et à mesure des besoins, l’ensemble des connaissances et compétences pluridisciplinaires nécessaires à la progression cohérente du projet de conception, tant d’un point de vue mécanique, programmation, qu’en termes de technique de contrôle-commande, le tout dans un volume horaire contraint. La ligne directrice employée vise à confronter de façon permanente, progressive et itérative, modèle simulé et système réel dans un objectif de dimensionnement de partie opérative, de validation de modèle et d’algorithmes de commande en tirant partie d’outils logiciels de contrôle/commande temps-réel, de synthèse de code et de simulation multiphysique.
Vikazimut : d’un projet pédagogique à une application grand public
Authors: Pigeon Eric , Clouard Régis , Rioult François
Published: October 2023

Nous présentons dans cet article la genèse d’un projet visant à développer une application smartphone. Son objectif est de permettre la réalisation de parcours d’orientation à vocation sportive et/ou touristique avec comme seul matériel un smartphone. Ce projet né il y a 8 ans maintenant a débouché sur la création d’un application smartphone multiplateforme et d’un site internet répondant à une communauté d’utilisateurs venant de différents horizons. A l’heure actuelle, cette application a été téléchargée plus de 22 000 fois et utilisée dans une dizaine d’universités et plus de 120 établissements du secondaire pour le versant pédagogique de ce projet. Une trentaine de clubs, de comités départementaux ou de ligues affiliés à la fédération française de course d’orientation utilisent cette application avec un objectif sportif ou ludique. Une dizaine de villes se servent de cette application pour permettre des visites interactives de leurs plus beaux quartiers. Après avoir présenté le projet, nous détaillons les différents intervenants et les différents domaines académiques abordés lors de son développement. Nous présentons les différentes utilisations faites par la communauté de cette application. Nous terminons par les perspectives de développement qui sont envisagées dans le cadre de ce projet.
On the Epidemiological Evolution of Colistin-ResistantAcinetobacter Baumanniiin the City of Valencia: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach
Authors: Aledo Juan A. , Andreu-Vilarroig Carlos , Cortés Juan-Carlos , Orengo Juan C. , Villanueva Rafael-Jacinto
Published: October 2023

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest public health threats today, mainly due to the non-rational use of antibiotics.Acinetobacter baumanniiis an example of a microorganism with high antibiotic resistance that has developed rapidly in recent years. Consequently, only a few lastresort antibiotics, such as colistin, are currently effective against it. In this work, we propose a random agent-based computational model to describe the evolution of colistin-resistantA. baumanniiin the population of Valencia (Spain) and to predict its impact both on the whole population and by age groups. The agent- based model uses a synthetic population of individuals with a vector of characteristics or state variables. These variables change over time based on a series of random events with certain conditional probabilities. The synthetic population statistical features and the probabilities have been found in demographic and hospital databases. One of these probabilities, the probability of infection by a resistant strain, has been modeled using random differential equations. The model takes into account antibiotic consumption as the primary driving force of variation and assumes non-rewersibility of resistance as the worst-case scenario. The agent-based model calibration and the selection of a real-world representative set of solutions have been carried out using the Partide Swarm Optimization evolutionary algorithm. This approach takes into account the inherent stochasticity of the model and the uncertainty of the data. Finally, projections of the incidence and absolute cases of colistin-resistantA. baumanniihave been performed. Our results suggest that, if the same consumption pattern continues, the ervolution of the colistin-resistant strain proportion will be exponential, exceeding 50% in 2025. Additionally, the results reveal that, despite the low incidence in Valencian hospitals, the impact on people over 60 years old will be more significant in terms of the number of cases. Based on these findings, it can be deduced that colistin will cense to be an effective antibiotic in the coming years, negatively impacting the human population, especially the most advanced age groups.
A Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of English Writing Teaching for Junior English Majors
Authors: Jin Yuxin , Chen You , Yang Sixin , Chen Yijin , Liu Shiyang , Wu Wenjie
Published: October 2023

At present, the effectiveness of English writing teaching for junior English majors is not satisfactory, with a lack of interactivity in the classroom, inflexible teaching methods, a deficiency of targeted teaching for students’ problems, and insufficient emphasis on writing training. The main reasons for these problems are that teachers have failed to conduct the student-centered English writing teaching model, emphasizing one-way output, ignoring students’ writing problems, and resulting in the shortage of writing training. In this regard, teachers need to transform the teacher-centered English writing teaching model, consider students’ actual problems, establish common writing goals, construct online teaching resources for English writing course, and apply multi-modal writing teaching methods to boost the effectiveness of English writing teaching.
The Comparative Analysis of Fair Use of Works in Machine Learning
Authors: Zhu Yunlan
Published: October 2023

Before generative AI outputs the content, it copies a large amount of text content. This process is machine learning. For the development of artificial intelligence technology and cultural prosperity, many countries have included machine learning within the scope of fair use. However, China’s copyright law currently does not legislate the fair use of machine learning works. This paper will construct a Chinese model of fair use of machine learning works through comparative analysis of the legislation of other countries. This is a fair use model that balances the flexibility of the United States with the rigor of the European Union.
On the Copyright of Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Han Tang
Published: October 2023

While generative artificial intelligence participates in human creative activities on a large scale, it cannot be a natural human subject or an anthropomorphic subject because of its lack of rationality. However, copyright law encourages the creation of works, and under certain conditions, artificial intelligence generated content is conducive to the realization of the legislative purpose of copyright law and satisfies the objective criteria of originality of works, and therefore, such content has copyrightability. Under this premise, the attribution of artificial intelligence generated content copyright needs to be discussed. At present, there are designer’s, user’s and owner’s views on its attribution. According to the current copyright law, in principle, the copyright of artificial intelligence generated content belongs to the user, but in special cases, it belongs to legal persons, employers, trustees and other subjects, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
Research on the reform of integrated talent cultivation of middle and high school undergraduate in the context of 1+X certificate
Authors: Zeng Desheng , Chen Xiaodan , Pang Shuanglong , Jiang Xue , Chen Chunyang , Nie Jun
Published: October 2023

With the deepening of industrial transformation and upgrading and reform of vocational education, the demand of society for high-level vocational technicians has increased. Combining with the “20 articles of vocational education” and “1+X” certificate system pilot project, based on the existing system of secondary and higher vocational education in our college, we jointly carry out the reform of “integration of courses and certificates” with Guangdong University Of Science & Technology. According to the characteristics of the school’s majors, the vocational skill level certificate of “intelligent computing platform application development” was selected as a pilot reform, and the X certificate was fully utilized as the basic measure and standard for practitioners to measure their competence, so as to build an integrated talent training system of middle and high school, and to realize the organic connection between the curriculum systems of middle school, high school and undergraduate levels. This will help cultivate more excellent technical skills talents for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and is expected to provide a reference for building a perfect vocational education system.
Digital Exploration of Audio and Video in Archive Management Based on Big Data Era
Authors: Liu Fang
Published: October 2023

With the development of the era of artificial intelligence and big data, archive databases have rapidly developed relying on the “information highway”, and digital media such as audio and video have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives. Especially in fields such as culture, education, and scientific research, the importance of digital archive management has gradually been recognized and valued by more and more people. However, due to various reasons, the development of digital audio and image processing has always been lagging behind. Only digital information can provide users with comprehensive services of various information. This article uses the QuestionStar app to understand the actual status of audio and image through questionnaire surveys, Provide practical basis for future research and practice of archive digitization.
Research on the Operation Mechanism and Optimization Path of Wechat Gig Group
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Deng Yonghui
Published: October 2023

The rise of platform economy accelerates the diversification of labor market forms and makes the combination of labor and capital more diversified. Among them, wechat gig group meets the needs of low-end labor market and provides employment opportunities for homogenous low-end labor groups. In actual operation, wechat gig group, as a small urban labor market in the digital economy, has the advantages of transaction costs, the convergence of labor prices, and the gradual transformation of the working relationship between group owners and group members into community embedments. It is found that there are problems in the operation process such as information overload, man-post mismatch, gray level management that reduces the standardization of labor dispatch and information technology application may inhibit the employment of low-end labor, and puts forward optimization paths from community awareness, man-post dynamic optimization, interest perception and other ways to help the harmony of labor-capital relations in the platform economy period.
The Concept of New Business, Current Status and Achievements of Research and Development
Authors: Wu Yifan
Published: October 2023

The creation of new business is naturally formed by the development of information technology, industrial upgrading, the growth of people’s demand, and the replacement of the employment model, and with the support of the government, it will be further developed to realize the replacement of the old and the new and lead to a new generation of employment wave. In this paper, we will analyze the conceptual interpretation, development status and achievements of the new industry to help the new industry to further develop and improve.
Research on Evaluation of Tourism Live Marketing Effect
Authors: Dong Hao , Liu Yanjun , Dong linfeng
Published: October 2023

With the development of Internet and tourism industry, live tourism marketing has gradually become an important way of tourism marketing. Among them, tourism live marketing belongs to one of the big categories of live marketing. This paper first determines the evaluation index through the analysis of the influencing factors of live marketing, and further determines the final evaluation index through the use of Delphi method and network research. Then the weights of the evaluation index system are determined by AHP. Finally, the rationality of this evaluation index system is verified through the calculation and comparison of specific cases and evaluation index system.
Liver Injury after Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Intake: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mertens Jonas E. , Bömmer M. Till C. , Regier Manuel B. , Gabriëls Gert , Pavenstädt Hermann , Grünewald Inga , Horvath Judit , Trebicka Jonel , Schmidt Hartmut , Schlevogt Bernhard
Published: October 2023

Liver injury associated with selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) is an issue that has not been reported often. We report a case of a previously healthy 24-year-old male, who was referred to our hospital for severe jaundice with intense pruritus. He had previously taken the SARM Enobosarm (also known as Ostarine) for muscle-building purposes. Blood serum levels of total bilirubin exceeded 30 mg/dL with only a slight elevation of liver enzymes. Liver biopsy revealed isolated hepatocellular cholestasis (bland cholestasis) with limited inflammation or necrosis. Supportive treatment was begun in our hospital with molecular adsorbent recirculation system (MARS) albumin dialysis, as well as cholestyramine for pruritus relief. During therapy, bilirubin levels and symptoms regressed, and after five sessions of dialysis, the patient could be released from our clinic in a markedly improved clinical and laboratory condition. However, bilirubin parameters regressed slowly after this, reaching normal levels as late as six months after first intake of the compound. Exome-based genetic testing brought about no pathogenic variants for cholestatic liver disease in our patient. Nevertheless, three common heterozygous polymorphisms associated with an increased risk for intrahepatic cholestasis could be identified. Our case demonstrates that SARMs can cause severe liver injuries not prominently mentioned in safety data sheets. Therefore, these compounds constitute a potential danger to the user’s health. This holds especially true when taking SARMs without supervision by a medical professional, which should consist of a thorough monitoring of liver enzyme and bilirubin levels.
Augenbeteiligung bei kongenitalen Infektionen – TORCH
Authors: Thurau Stephan
Published: October 2023

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die opththalmologischen Befunde bei kongenitalen Infektionen zusammengefasst. Intrauterine Infektionen sind eine wichtige Ursache für Erblindungen im
Kindesalter. Die häufigsten Infektionen werden unter dem Akronym TORCH zusammengefasst, das für Toxoplasma gondii, andere (others), Rubella, CMV und Herpes simplex steht. Insgesamt sind
diese Infektionen in den Ländern der Ersten Welt in der Schwangerschaft nicht sehr häufig, aber wegen der Bedrohung des Sehvermögens von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Diagnostik von Infektionen
oder Reaktivierungen ist eine gynäkologische Herausforderung. Die augenärztliche Untersuchung der Neugeborenen kann aber entsprechend gezielt erfolgen, wenn der Erreger bekannt ist. Die
wichtigsten Therapeutika, die beim Neugeborenen Anwendung finden, sind dargestellt.
β-Thalassemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Current State and Future
Directions
Authors: Taneera Jalal , Mahgoub Eglal , Qannita Reem , Alalami Ayah , Shehadat Ola Al , Youssef Mona , Dib Ayah , Hajji Alaa Al , Hajji Amani Al , Al-Khaja Fatheya , Dewedar Hany , Hamad Mawieh
Published: October 2023

β-Thalassemia major is a congenital hemoglobin disorder that requires
regular blood transfusion. The disease is often associated with iron overload
and diabetes mellitus, among other complications. Pancreatic iron overload in
β-thalassemia patients disrupts β-cell function and insulin
secretion and induces insulin resistance. Several risk factors, including family
history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, gender, and advanced age
increase the risk of diabetes in β-thalassemia patients. Precautionary
measures such as blood glucose monitoring, anti-diabetic medications, and
healthy living in β-thalassemia patients notwithstanding, the prevalence
of diabetes in β-thalassemia patients continues to rise. This review
aims to address the relationship between β-thalassemia and diabetes in
an attempt to understand how the pathology and management of
β-thalassemia precipitate diabetes mellitus. The possible employment of
surrogate biomarkers for early prediction and intervention is discussed. More
work is still needed to better understand the molecular mechanism(s) underlying
the link between β-thalassemia and diabetes and to identify novel
prognostic and therapeutic targets.
Medical Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Panchaprateep Ratchathorn
Published: October 2023

Androgenetic alopecia is a common type of hair loss, which is generally influenced by genetic factors and systemic androgens resulting in follicular miniaturization.1 It can cause cosmetic problems leading to psychological distress among affected men and women. Effective standard medical treatments available are topical minoxidil 2 to 5%, oral finasteride, oral dutasteride, and hair transplantation.1 However, some patients do not achieve favorable results with standard treatments. For these reasons, other novel treatments have been developed, including new medications, regenerative medicines (autologous platelet-rich plasma, adipose-derived stem cells, micrograft generation, and exosome), and low-level laser therapy
Maternal Group B Streptococcus Prophylaxis Improvement using an Electronic Medical Record Dynamic Order Set
Authors: Tomlinson Mark W. , Baker Rachael , Ulrich Jennifer , Shah Maulin , Marginean Horia , Girolami Stephen
Published: October 2023

Objective To develop and implement a Group B Streptococcal (GBS) dynamic order set to improve adherence to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (ACOG/CDC) guidelines.

Study Design A team of information technology and clinical experts developed a dynamic order block. The content was patterned after the CDC “Prevent GBS” mobile app. It was then embedded in the labor and delivery/induction order set and piloted at a single high-volume obstetric unit. Following the pilot and incorporation of the 2019 ACOG update of the CDC guidelines, the order set was rolled out in five additional hospitals within a region of a large health system. Information on GBS prophylaxis performance before and after implementation was available for the pilot site and four of the additional hospitals. Information before implementation was obtained electronically from electronic medical record (EMR) laboratory and pharmacy data and supplemented by manual chart review. Postimplementation data were obtained from discrete order set EMR data elements. Adherence to the guidelines before and after were compared using chi-squared test.

Results There were 7,114 deliveries before implementation and 4,502 after implementation. Preterm delivery occurred in 6.8 and 6.9%, respectively. There was an increase in appropriate treatment of preterm patients (positive and unknown GBS) delivering after implementation (88.7–99.1%, p < 0.001). More patients were reported to have a penicillin allergy before implementation than after implementation (14.7 vs. 11.1%, respectively, p = 0.01). Associated changes in therapy noted after implementation included a nonsignificant decrease in the proportion reporting a high-risk allergy (50.3 vs. 41.9%, p = 0.18), an increase in the appropriate use of clindamycin and vancomycin (64.4 vs. 92.3%, p < 0.001) and a decrease in clindamycin use in those without sensitivity testing.

Conclusion Routine universal use of a dynamic admission labor/induction order set was associated with high and improved adherence to GBS prophylaxis guidelines.

Key Points
Impact of Strength Training Intensity on Brain-derived Neurotrophic
Factor
Authors: Borges Junior Marcos , Tavares Larissa Ferreira Jacomini , Nagata Gabriela Yumi , Barroso Lucélia Scarabeli Silva , Fernandes Heliana Barros , Souza-Gomes Antonio Felipe , Miranda Aline Silva , Nunes-Silva Albená
Published: October 2023

The present study employed a randomized crossover design to investigate the
effect of strength-training exercise at varying intensities on acute changes in
plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Fourteen trained male
subjects (41.0±5.8 years old) were enrolled in the current study. The
strength-training protocol included bench press, leg press, and lat pull-down
exercises. Participants performed four sets with repetition failure at
60% or 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), with a
two-minute rest period. The order of intensity was randomized among volunteers.
Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and one hour after each
exercise protocol. A time-point comparison revealed that a single session of
strength training at 60% of 1RM increased lactate plasma concentrations
from 1.2 to 16 mmol/L (p<0.0001). However, no
significant changes were observed in the plasma BDNF concentration. Conversely,
the training session at 80% of 1RM increased lactate concentrations from
1.3 to 14 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and BDNF concentrations from
461 to 1730 pg/ml (p=0.035) one hour after the session’s
conclusion. These findings support the hypothesis that a single
strength-training session at 80% 1RM can significantly enhance
circulating levels of BDNF.
Electromyographic Activity of Lower Limb Muscles during Ankle
Destabilizing Tests
Authors: Dury Jeanne , Michel Fabrice , Ravier Gilles
Published: October 2023

Ankle destabilizing devices were developed to improve the recruitment of the
evertor muscles. Nevertheless, the activity of lower-leg muscles has never been
compared to each other during functional tests performed with destabilization.
The objectives were i) to compare the electromyographic activity between the
lower-leg muscles during four functional tests performed with ankle
destabilization, and ii) to determine sex-related differences in neuromuscular
activation. Twenty-six healthy volunteers (13 males, 13 females) performed the
modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), unipedal balance and
weight-bearing inversion and eversion tests with a destabilizing device, while
recording electromyographic activity of the peroneus longus and brevis, tibialis
anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis and gluteus medius. The activity of peroneal
muscles was significantly greater than other muscles during all functional
tests. Furthermore, the anterior direction of the mSEBT was the one implying the
greatest activity of the peroneus longus muscle compared to the posteromedial
(p=0.003) or posterolateral (p<0.001) directions. Finally, no
significant sex-related differences in neuromuscular activity were reported.
This study highlights the effectiveness of the destabilizing device to involve
specifically the peroneal muscles when performing various functional tests. This
device should be used by clinicians to be more specific to the stabilizers of
the ankle joint during functional exercises.
Sex as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke
Authors: Corica Bernadette , Lobban Trudie , True Hills Mellanie , Proietti Marco , Romiti Giulio Francesco
Published: October 2023

Stroke prevention is crucial for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and several risk factors have been identified, which increase the risk of AF-related stroke. Among these factors, female sex has been repeatedly associated with AF-related stroke risk; nonetheless, trends toward lower use of oral anticoagulant in women with AF were also reported. In this clinical focus, we discuss about the role of female sex as a risk factor for AF-related stroke, and reflect on the clinical implications of its inclusion among the risk factors for thromboembolic risk stratification in patients with AF.
The strange bedfellows of populism and liberalism: the effect of populist attitudes on the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and policies to contain it
Authors: Heinisch Reinhard , Werner Annika
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on everyday life, where people feel affected both economically and health-wise by the spread of the novel virus, regardless of whether they have contracted it or not. At the same time, we know that populist attitudes influence how people perceive their individual situation, the political environment, and available policy solutions. Are these two factors interrelated? This article examines the role that populist attitudes play (a) in subjective feelings of being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) in choosing policies to counteract its spread. Populist attitudes may lead people to reject the policy-making process during the COVID-19 pandemic, shaped primarily by experts. The article argues that this should increase the sense of concern among people with populist orientations and lead to a rejection of commonly discussed policies to contain the virus. To test this connection empirically, we conducted a representative survey in Austria in September 2020. Our analysis shows a significant and substantive correlation between populist attitudes and the subjective feeling of being affected by the crisis in the areas of health and the economy. Similarly, we find evidence that populist attitudes affect the acceptability of policies to combat the spread of COVID-19. These findings indicate that populist attitudes have such strong effects on individuals’ perception of the world that they even influence the perception of the globally shared challenge of a pandemic.
Forensic physics and the stretchy brain
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: October 2023

Rheological model of the human brain can assist in understanding the nature of traumatic brain injuries.
Intra-protein interacting collective modes in the terahertz frequency region
Authors: Conti Nibali Valeria , Sacchetti Francesco , Paciaroni Alessandro , Petrillo Caterina , Tarek Mounir , D’Angelo Giovanna
Published: October 2023

Understanding how proteins work requires a thorough understanding of their internal dynamics. Proteins support a wide range of motions, from the femtoseconds to seconds time scale, relevant to crucial biological functions. In this context, the term “protein collective dynamics” refers to the complex patterns of coordinated motions of numerous atoms throughout the protein in the sub-picosecond time scale (terahertz frequency region). It is hypothesized that these dynamics have a substantial impact on the regulation of functional dynamical mechanisms, including ligand binding and allosteric signalling, charge transport direction, and the regulation of thermodynamic and thermal transport properties. Using the theoretical framework of hydrodynamics, the collective dynamics of proteins had previously been described in a manner akin to that of simple liquids, i.e. in terms of a single acoustic-like excitation, related to intra-protein vibrational motions. Here, we employ an interacting-mode model to analyse the results from molecular dynamics simulations and we unveil that the vibrational landscape of proteins is populated by multiple acoustic-like and low-frequency optic-like modes, with mixed symmetry and interfering with each other. We propose an interpretation at the molecular level of the observed scenario that we relate to the side-chains and the hydrogen-bonded networks dynamics. The present insights provide a perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the energy redistribution processes in the interior of proteins.
Tuning the bandgap of 2D metallic Zn nanostructures
Authors: Pramanik Subhamay , Kuiri Bibhatsu , Karmakar Riju , Mukherjee Sumit , Das Sandip , Mondal Sovanlal , Meikap Ajit Kumar , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar , Kuiri Probodh K.
Published: October 2023

The semiconducting behavior of two-dimensional (2D) metal nanostructures has recently attracted much interest for their possible applications in optoelectronics and others. In particular, tuning the bandgap of such nanostructures can open up a new avenue for fabricating functional nano-devices. In the present article, we report the synthesis of 2D metallic Zn nanosheets at room temperature using a ball mill, which is capable of producing large-scale materials in a single run. Initially, nanoplates were formed for ball milling the octahedral-shaped Zn nanoparticles for the time of milling of 6 h. Subsequent ball milling for another 6 h leads these nanoplates to nearly uniform nanosheets. The thickness of these 2D nanostructures was found to decrease with an increase in the time of milling. Visible photoluminescence (PL) emissions centered at ∼3, ∼2.9, and ∼2.75 eV were observed from all the Zn particles showing semiconductor behavior. The origin of such semiconductor behavior was explained based on the radiative transition of electrons from the sp band to the upper states of the 3d band. This argument was confirmed through the studies of photoelectron spectroscopy and the first principle calculations employing density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, excitation-dependent PL studies indicated that the bandgap of the 2D Zn nanostructures decreased with the increase in the ball milling time. Therefore, a redshift in the bandgap was observed with the increase in the ball milling time. Such changes in the bandgap with the thickness of 2D Zn nanostructures were also verified from the studies of DFT. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the bandgap of 2D metallic Zn nanostructures could be effectively tuned by reducing the thickness.
Nonlinear dynamics of a single-gap terahertz split-ring resonator under electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Leutcho Gervais Dolvis , Woodward Lyne , Blanchard François
Published: October 2023

Research into metasurfaces is developing rapidly and is topical due to their importance and applications in various fields such as communications, cryptography, and sensing, to name a few. These materials are artificially engineered to manipulate/control electromagnetic (EM) waves, in order to present a particular functionality. In this regard, nonlinear metasurfaces may present particular functionalities that remain to be discovered. In this paper, we numerically investigate the dynamic behaviors caused by the motion of charge carriers under the intense EM field at the gap of a single nonlinear split-ring resonator (NSRR) in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. We derive the mathematical model that is used to examine the excitation properties of the NSRR and then demonstrate various tuning regions. Analysis of the two-dimensional parameter space reveals that the NSRR exhibits periodic, chaotic patterns as the amplitude of the excitation field and the loss parameter vary. However, this chaotic behavior disappears when the loss parameter is very large. The period doubling that confirms the transition between the periodic and chaotic modes is explored using the bifurcation diagram. The sensitivity of the initial conditions is examined on three dynamic region plots. Our results correctly demonstrate that the NSRR exhibits the attractive phenomenon of multistability. The coexistence of two stable states is studied and confirmed on the basin of attractions for a fixed set of amplitude or loss parameters. The energy balance of the proposed model is well analyzed on the dynamic states and parameters to characterize the different oscillation regimes. The study of the multistability in the work represents an important first step toward the development of photonic memory devices in the THz frequency range.
Instability and fault analysis of arc plasma using advanced signal processing methods
Authors: Sethi Shakti Prasad , Das Debi Prasad , Behera Santosh Kumar , Ray Nigamananda
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the instability and fault analysis of transferred arc plasma, utilizing advanced signal processing methods. Transferred arc plasma systems find significant applications in various industries, including material processing, metallurgy, and waste management. However, the occurrence of instabilities and fault events can severely impact system performance and reliability. To address instabilities in arc plasma, various conditions were experimented. The operating parameters, such as arc voltage, arc current, acoustic, optical, and spectroscopic signals, were simultaneously recorded at a higher sampling rate. The proposed approach employs advanced signal processing methods, such as the Lyapunov exponent, fast-Fourier transform, short-time-Fourier transform, and power spectral density, to analyze the characteristics and instabilities of the transferred arc plasma process. By capturing and analyzing signals from multiple sensors, it becomes possible to identify deviations, irregularities, and fault patterns that arise during plasma operation. The outcomes of this research will have significant implications for the optimization and control of transferred arc plasma processes. By identifying and characterizing instabilities due to fault events at an early stage, system operators can take timely corrective actions, preventing potential damage and improving the overall system efficiency.
Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic modeling of auto-magnetizing liner implosions on the Z accelerator
Authors: Shipley G. A. , Awe T. J.
Published: October 2023

Auto-magnetizing (AutoMag) liners are cylindrical tubes that employ helical current flow to produce strong internal axial magnetic fields prior to radial implosion on ∼100 ns timescales. AutoMag liners have demonstrated strong uncompressed axial magnetic field production (>100 T) and remarkable implosion uniformity during experiments on the 20 MA Z accelerator. However, both axial field production and implosion morphology require further optimization to support the use of AutoMag targets in magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments. Data from experiments studying the initiation and evolution of dielectric flashover in AutoMag targets on the Mykonos accelerator have enabled the advancement of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling protocols used to simulate AutoMag liner implosions. Implementing these protocols using ALEGRA has improved the comparison of simulations to radiographic data. Specifically, both the liner in-flight aspect ratio and the observed width of the encapsulant-filled helical gaps during implosion in ALEGRA simulations agree more closely with radiography data compared to previous GORGON simulations. Although simulations fail to precisely reproduce the measured internal axial magnetic field production, improved agreement with radiography data inspired the evaluation of potential design improvements with newly developed modeling protocols. Three-dimensional MHD simulation studies focused on improving AutoMag target designs, specifically seeking to optimize the axial magnetic field production and enhance the cylindrical implosion uniformity for MagLIF. By eliminating the driver current prepulse and reducing the initial inter-helix gap widths in AutoMag liners, simulations indicate that the optimal 30–50 T range of precompressed axial magnetic field for MagLIF on Z can be accomplished concurrently with improved cylindrical implosion uniformity.
A low-temperature hydrogen sensor based on an acoustic topological material
Authors: Duan Zhen-Dong , Zhou Zi-Jian , Zhu Shu , Diao Wen-Qing , Liu Zheng , Fan Li , Zhang Shu-Yi , Cheng Li-Ping , Xu Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen, as a potential replacement for fossil fuels, exhibits promising application prospects and, meanwhile, demands hydrogen sensors with high performance due to flammability and explosivity. Currently, most of hydrogen sensors work based on sorption of hydrogen with hydrogen-sensitive materials. Thus, the sensitivities of the sensors decrease with operating temperature because the reaction between sensitive materials and hydrogen weakens. Here, we create a hydrogen sensor on the basis of an acoustic topological material, in which hydrogen can be detected by measuring the shift of the topological interface state. Owing to the absence of hydrogen sorption, the sensor possesses advantages of an extremely wide operating temperature range, a good linearity, a rapid and stable dynamic response, and a long life. It is demonstrated that the relative sensitivity of the sensor is a constant, which does not change with the operating temperature. This study opens an avenue to application of acoustic topological materials.
Aluminum substitution in low damping epitaxial lithium ferrite films
Authors: O'Mahoney Daisy , Channa Sanyum , Zheng Xin Yu , Vailionis Arturas , Shafer Padraic , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Klewe Christoph , Suzuki Yuri
Published: October 2023

Ferromagnetic insulators with ultra-low damping and tunable magnetic properties are of great interest for the study of spin wave-based phenomena as well as for applications in spin wave spintronics. We have developed epitaxial spinel structure ferrite thin films of Li0.5(AlxFe2.5−x)O4 (LAFO) with ultra-low magnetic damping. The degree of Al substitution tunes the saturation magnetization and in-plane magnetic anisotropy while maintaining excellent epitaxy and crystalline quality as well as low magnetic damping. All LAFO films, deposited on (001)-oriented MgAl2O4 (MAO), are under epitaxial compressive strain, giving rise to an easy magnetic axis in-plane and a hard out-of-plane axis. Element-specific x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements confirm that the magnetism originates from the majority of Fe3+ cations occupying the octahedral sites, which are displaced by increased Al3+ substitution. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance reveals the lowest Gilbert damping parameters of 5×10−4 for films 10–15 nm thick. Our films demonstrate the robustness of the low loss dynamic properties of Li0.5(AlxFe2.5−x)O4 that are promising for spin wave applications.
Stress measurement of aero-engine thin-walled catheter based on ultrasonic guided wave
Authors: Ma Huiping , Ding Yibo , Liu Yongmeng
Published: October 2023

A pipeline system made of catheters is used for liquid–gas transportation in aero-engines. It is important to measure the residual stresses, such as the assembly stress in this system, as they influence performance and lifetime. Compared to other testing techniques, ultrasonic measurement methods based on acoustic-elastic effects can better solve problems. For the above requirements, this paper researches an aero-engine thin-wall catheter’s assembly stress measurement method based on ultrasonic guided waves’s acoustic, elastic effect. The propagation and dispersion characteristics of guided ultrasonic waves in the catheter were studied. Then, the excitation frequency, guided wave mode, and single-mode excitation mode of the simulation model were determined. Next, a finite element simulation model was established for simulation experiments. In order to reduce the influence of sampling rate and working environment noise on the measurement accuracy of assembly stress, the ultrasonic guided wave signal was processed by the wavelet threshold method. A good noise reduction effect was obtained by determining the wavelet base and the number of decomposition layers. Finally, an experimental platform was built to measure the assembly stress of thin-walled catheters. The maximum measurement error of the assembly stress of a thin-walled catheter was 21.1 MPa, which verified the feasibility of the measurement method. This study provides a promising method for accurately measuring the assembly stress of thin-walled catheters in aero-engines.
First-principles study of luminescence and electronic properties of Ce-doped Y2SiO5
Authors: Mirzai Amin , Ahadi Aylin
Published: October 2023

The transition of energy from the 4f to the 5d state is a fundamental element driving various applications, such as phosphors and optoelectronic devices. The positioning of the 4f ground states and the 5d excited states significantly influences this energy shift. In our research, we delve into the placement of these states utilizing a hybrid density functional theory (DFT) combined with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) via the supercell method. Additionally, we scrutinize the transition energy, applying the constrained density functional theory (cDFT) approach in conjunction with the ΔSCF method. Our study illustrates that the synergy of cDFT and SOC generates a discrepancy of about 2% for Ce1 and 4% for Ce2 when comparing the calculated results to experimental data. Moreover, We have determined the positions of the 4f ground states to be 2.73 eV above the Valence Band Maximum (VBM) for Ce1 and 2.70 eV for Ce2. We also note a tight correlation between the 5d levels identified in the experimental data and the theoretical outcomes derived from wave function calculations at the CASPT2 accuracy level.
Physically evocative meso-informed sub-grid source term for energy localization in shocked heterogeneous energetic materials
Authors: Nguyen Yen T. , Seshadri Pradeep K. , Udaykumar H. S.
Published: October 2023

Reactive burn models for heterogeneous energetic materials (EMs) must account for chemistry as well as microstructure to predict shock-to-detonation transition (SDT). Upon shock loading, the collapse of individual voids leads to ignition of hotspots, which then grow and interact to consume the surrounding material. The sub-grid dynamics of shock-void interactions and hotspot development are transmitted to macro-scale SDT calculations in the form of a global reactive “burn model.” This paper presents a physically evocative model, called meso-informed sub-grid source terms for energy localization (MISSEL), to close the macro-scale governing equations for calculating SDT. The model parameters are explicitly related to four measurable physical quantities: two depending on the microstructure (the porosity ϕ and average pore size D¯void), one depending on shock–microstructure interaction (the fraction of critical voids ξcr), and the other depending on the chemistry (the burn front velocity Vhs). These quantities are individually quantifiable using a small number of rather inexpensive meso-scale simulations. As constructed, the model overcomes the following problems that hinder the development of meso-informed burn models: (1) the opacity of more sophisticated surrogate/machine-learning approaches for bridging meso- and macro-scales, (2) the rather large number of high-resolution mesoscale simulations necessary to train machine-learning algorithms, and (3) the need for calibration of many free parameters that appear in phenomenological burn models. The model is tested against experimental data on James curves for a specific class of pressed 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane materials. The simple, evocative, and fast-to-construct MISSEL model suggests a route to develop frameworks for physics-informed, simulation-derived meso-informed burn models.