bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axillary lymph‐node metastases as the primary presentation of high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Mirzaei Monire , Eshraghi Abbas , Ghoddoosi Mahdiieh , Fatemi Maedeh Alsadat , Eshraghi Azhar , Shenavaei Sara , Fazilat‐panah Danial
Published: April 2022

We reported a female presented with an initial diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph‐node carcinoma that comprehensive assessments revealed a definitive diagnosis of high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma as the primary tumor.
Atypical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a boy from Afghanistan
Authors: Fakhar Mahdi , Rasooli Seyed Abobaker , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Soleymani Mostafa
Published: April 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most common forms of leishmaniasis in Afghanistan, which is caused by different Leishmania species that are transmitted to humans by sandflies. Its clinical manifestations are very diverse and depend on a variety of parasite and host factors.
Myocarditis following AstraZeneca (an adenovirus vector vaccine) COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Hassanzadeh Shakiba , Sadeghi Somayeh , Mirdamadi Ahmad , Nematollahi Alireza
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccines are massively administered globally and some adverse events, such as myocarditis, are being reported. Most of the reported cases of post‐vaccination myocarditis have occurred following mRNA vaccinations. However, there have also been recent reports of myocarditis following adenovirus vector vaccinations. We present a case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who developed myocarditis following the administration of the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The patient developed inappropriate exertional tachycardia and exertional dyspnea from Day 3 and was diagnosed with myocarditis by subsequent echocardiography about 3 months later. We are unable to confirm a direct association between myocarditis and AstraZeneca vaccination. However, we would like to increase awareness regarding the possibility of developing myocarditis following AstraZeneca vaccination.
Cystic adventitial disease of popliteal artery, the both sides of the coin: Arterial resection vs cyst excision
Authors: Nieto Luis Alejandro , Cabrera Vargas Luis Felipe , Lozada‐Martínez Ivan David , Guardo‐Carmona Daniela , Contreras Martin , Pedraza Mauricio , Narvaez‐Rojas Alexis Rafael
Published: April 2022

Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is a rare form of non‐atherosclerotic arterial stenosis. This entity accounts only for 0.1% of all vascular diseases and affects the popliteal artery unilaterally in 85% of the cases. The options for treatment ACD include excision of cysts, removal of the affected arterial segment with vein graft reconstruction or radiological aspiration. We present two cases of ACD of the popliteal artery and its subsequent management and discuss the pros and cons of the treatment's strategies.
Use of the flexible bronchoscope and Infrared Red Intubation System in a known difficult airway in the intensive care unit
Authors: Hannig Kjartan Eskjaer , Kristensen Michael Seltz , Hauritz Rasmus Wulff , Jessen Christian , Grejs Anders Morten
Published: April 2022

This case report describes a patient in the ICU in need of urgent intubation, for whom video laryngoscope‐guided intubation had previously failed. The Infrared Red Intubation System (IRRIS) may enhance the chance of successful flexible bronchoscope intubation, especially when performed by non‐expert anesthesiologists.
Processing and properties of hafnium‐doped tin‐modified lead zirconate titanate 95/5 ceramics
Authors: Neuman Eric W. , Anselmo Nicholas , Meyer Amber , Diantonio Christopher B. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Torres Rose M. , Brane Brian K. , Griego James G.
Published: April 2022

Niobium (Nb)‐doped lead‐tin‐zirconate‐titanate (PSZT) ceramics near the lead‐zirconate‐titanate 95/5 orthorhombic AFE‐rhombohedral FE morphotropic phase boundary (PSZT 13.5/81/5.5 ‐1.6Nb) were prepared with up to 10 mol.% of hafnium (Hf) substituted for zirconium. The ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid‐state synthesis route and sintered to near full density at 1150°C for 6 h in sealed alumina crucibles with self‐same material as the lead vapor source. All compositions were ∼98% dense with no detectable secondary phases by X‐ray diffraction. The grain size was ∼3 μm for all compositions, consisting of equiaxed grains with intergranular porosity. The compositions exhibited remnant polarization values of ∼32 μC/cm2. Depolarization by the hydrostatic pressure‐induced FE‐AFE phase transition occurred at 310 MPa for all compositions, resulting in a total depolarization output of 32.4 μC/cm2 for the PSZT ceramics. Evaluation of the R3c‐R3m and R3m‐Pm m phase transition temperatures by impedance spectroscopy showed temperatures on heating ranging from 86 to 92°C and 186 to 182°C, respectively, for increasing nominal Hf content. Thermal hysteresis of the phase transitions was also observed in the ceramics, with the transition temperature on cooling being 1–4°C lower. The study demonstrated that the PSZT ceramics are relatively insensitive to variations in Hf content in the range of 0 to 10 mol.%.
Inactivation of Competitive Decay Channels Leads to Enhanced Coumarin Photochemistry
Authors: Klimek Robin , Asido Marvin , Hermanns Volker , Junek Stephan , Wachtveitl Josef , Heckel Alexander
Published: April 2022

In the development of photolabile protecting groups, it is of high interest to selectively modify photochemical properties with structural changes as simple as possible. In this work, knowledge of fluorophore optimization was adopted and used to design new coumarin‐ based photocages. Photolysis efficiency was selectively modulated by inactivating competitive decay channels, such as twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) or hydrogen‐bonding, and the photolytic release of the neurotransmitter serotonin was demonstrated. Structural modifications inspired by the fluorophore ATTO 390 led to a significant increase in the uncaging cross section that can be further improved by the simple addition of a double bond. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy gave insights into the underlying solvent‐dependent photophysical dynamics. The chromophores presented here are excellently suited as new photocages in the visible wavelength range due to their simple synthesis and their superior photochemical properties.
Chiral Hemilabile P,N‐Ligand‐Assisted Gold Redox Catalysis for Enantioselective Alkene Aminoarylation
Authors: Ye Xiaohan , Wang Chenhuan , Zhang Shuyao , Tang Qi , Wojtas Lukasz , Li Minyong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

Enantioselective, intermolecular alkene arylamination was achieved through gold redox catalysis. Screening of ligands revealed chiral P,N ligands as the optimal choice, giving alkene aminoarylation with good yields (up to 80 %) and excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99 : 1 er). As the first example of enantioselective gold redox catalysis, this work confirmed the feasibility of applying a chiral ligand at the gold(I) stage, with the stereodetermining step (SDS) at the gold(III) intermediate, thus opening up a new way to conduct gold redox catalysis with stereochemistry control.
Von Nukliden und Zerfallsreihen
Authors: Geue Niklas , Bandemer Jan , Rossa Jan , Wunsch Jonas F.
Published: April 2022

Die Aufgabe stammt diesmal aus dem Gebiet der Kernchemie, das traditionell zwischen Physik und Chemie angesiedelt ist und auf eine mehr als hundertjährige Geschichte zurückblicken kann. Dabei werden zunächst grundlegende Begriffe eingeführt und im Atomkern auftretende Kräfte diskutiert, bevor die klassischen Typen von Zerfallsreaktionen angewendet werden. Nach einer kurzen Rechnung zur Kinetik von Zerfallsreaktionen wird die Aufgabe durch energetische Betrachtungen zu Kernfusion und ‐spaltung abgerundet.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Immunogenicity Study of the Prefilled Syringe and Lyophilized Formulation of a Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Receptor II:lgG Fc Fusion Protein in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects
Authors: Huang Kai , Chu Nannan , Ding Ying , Que Linglin , Qian Zhenzhong , Shi Yunfei , Qin Wei , He Qing
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics, safety, and immunogenicity of the prefilled syringe (PFS) with lyophilized (LYO) recombinant human tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor II:lgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR:Fc) in healthy Chinese male subjects. A single‐center, randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, crossover study was performed in healthy Chinese male subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned into 2 sequences and received a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg rhTNFR:Fc PFS or rhTNFR:Fc LYO (Anbainuo), with a 35‐day washout between the 2 periods. Blood samples were collected at specified time intervals, and then serum concentrations of rhTNFR:Fc were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The maximum serum concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were all calculated and evaluated. Meanwhile, safety and immunogenicity were also assessed. A total of 82 subjects completed the study, and six subjects withdrew for various reasons. The 90%CIs for geometric mean ratios of maximum serum concentration, AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were all within the equivalence range of 80% to 125%. Safety was comparable between the 2 formulations with low immunogenicity. rhTNFR:Fc PFS exhibited similar pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of rhTNFR:Fc LYO (Anbainuo) in healthy Chinese male subjects.
Bone remodeling around dental implants after 1–1.5 years of functional loading: A retrospective analysis of two‐stage implants
Authors: Maghsoudi Poyan , Slot Dagmar E. , van der Weijden Fridus (G. A.)
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aims to retrospectively assess to what extent peri‐implant bone level changes occur from exposing the implant to the oral environment at the second stage of surgery (SSS) to the baseline assessment and, additionally, after 1–1.5 years of functional loading. Further, this study aims to examine the role of the emergence angle in marginal bone changes.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 46 patients treated between 2012 and 2019. These patients received 64 bone‐level dental implants. After implant placement, SSS, and baseline assessment, relevant clinical peri‐implant conditions and radiographical data were collected. A radiographic examination of the marginal bone level was performed after SSS, the baseline assessment, and 1–1.5 years of follow‐up.

Results

The peri‐implant periodontal probing depth increased significantly from 3.08 ± 0.7 mm at the baseline to 3.27 ± 0.81 mm at the 1–1.5‐year follow‐up. The mean marginal bone level at the implant level was 0.12 ± 0.23, 0.35 ± 0.43, and 0.47 ± 0.47 mm at the SSS, baseline, and the 1–1.5‐year follow‐up, respectively. Most changes occurred at the implant's distal site. A significant relationship was found between the emergence angle and the extent of change in the marginal bone level between the SSS and baseline (r = .430, p ≤ .001).

Conclusions

Most changes in the marginal bone level occurred between SSS and baseline assessments. For diagnostic purposes, it is advised to obtain a standardized radiograph after SSS to monitor peri‐implant bone‐level alterations.
RETRACTED: Conciliation procedures in civil proceedings: Comparative legal aspect
Authors: Zhumayeva Mariya S. , Kassenova Aigul Zh. , Zhailin Gabiden A. , Tlegenova Fatima A. , Akhmetov Zhassulan M.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, the system of judicial settlement of disputes by means of conciliation correlates with the rule of law, has fundamental disagreements with extrajudicial and, accordingly, less formal instruments for resolving disputes—mediation, negotiations. Moreover, the advantage of the judicial conciliation procedure lies in the ability to ensure the implementation of the decision and its compliance with generally accepted values, and the interpretation of legal provisions is the business of officially authorized officials, and not specialists who act privately. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of approbation of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings. In the process of writing the paper, scientific and legal approaches to the essence of the procedure for conciliation in civil proceedings were identified; a comparative legal analysis of the specific features of legal regulation of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings in the territory of the European Union and in the post‐Soviet space was carried out; the prospects for improving the investigated procedure were outlined. It can be concluded that the comparative study of the foundations of legal regulation of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings in the territory of the European Union and in the post‐Soviet space showed the flexibility of the procedure under study, the multivariance of approaches to its implementation, and unity in supporting this method of resolving disputes.
Moldboard Plowing in Wheat–Fallow Systems of the Pacific Northwest: Effect on Yields, Organic Matter
Authors: Singh Surendra , Awale Rakesh , Machado Stephen
Published: April 2022

A two‐year winter wheat–fallow system in the Pacific Northwest is practiced in areas with annual precipitation <16 inches. Wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in the summer, followed by 13 to 14 months of fallow. The summer fallowing often involves different types of tillage practices to facilitate water storage and weed control, which can influence vertical distribution of soil acidity and nutrients in the profile, possibly affecting crop yields. Long‐term studies could help us understand soil nutrients and yield responses across different tillage and N rate applications. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Climate‐Smart Fertilizers in 4R Nutrient Stewardship
Authors: Bruulsema Tom
Published: April 2022

Climate‐smart fertilizers will play an increasingly important role. They fit well into the 4R Nutrient Stewardship concept, which provides an excellent framework for recognizing and rewarding the farmers that adopt their use. Programs, protocols, and policies aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of agriculture need to recognize climate‐smart fertilizer use in a 4R framework. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Non‐contact detection of fentanyl by a field‐portable ion mobility spectrometer
Authors: Fulton Ashley C. , Vaughan Stephanie R. , DeGreeff Lauryn E.
Published: April 2022

Rapid on‐site detection of fentanyl is paramount for the safety of law enforcement and other first responders. Due to the opioid epidemic, death by overdose is at an all‐time high with fentanyl adulteration as the main assailant. Providing a user‐friendly method for the presumptive detection of fentanyl will increase safety for first responders. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) provides a quick, affordable, and accurate method for detecting fentanyl. Currently, most methods for detecting fentanyl require manipulation or handling of the highly potent substance. A recent comparative analysis study on the headspace of fentanyl determined N‐phenylpropanamide (NPPA) a target analyte for fentanyl enabling vapor detection. Here, we demonstrate the development of a handheld IMS method for vapor detection of the target analyte for fentanyl. An alarm was programmed into the handheld IMS device for the detection of NPPA. The system was able to accurately detect NPPA in samples of reference‐grade fentanyl and diluted reference‐grade fentanyl, as well as 3.67 mg of fentanyl from samples confiscated from the US border. Common adulterants and over‐the‐counter drugs were tested and resulted in a false alarm rate of 0 for substances sampled. The limit of detection was determined to be as low as 5 ng of NPPA. Overall, the development of this user‐friendly, non‐contact method has considerable promise for near real‐time non‐contact detection of fentanyl increasing safety of first responders.
Anti‐IFN‐α/‐ω neutralizing antibodies from COVID‐19 patients correlate with downregulation of IFN response and laboratory biomarkers of disease severity
Authors: Frasca Federica , Scordio Mirko , Santinelli Letizia , Gabriele Lucia , Gandini Orietta , Criniti Anna , Pierangeli Alessandra , Angeloni Antonio , Mastroianni Claudio M. , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Viscidi Raphael P. , Antonelli Guido , Scagnolari Carolina
Published: April 2022

A significant number of COVID‐19 patients were shown to have neutralizing antibodies (NAB) against IFN; however, NAB specificity, fluctuation over time, associations with biochemical and hematological parameters, and IFN gene expression are not well characterized.

Binding antibodies (BAB) to IFN‐α/‐β were screened in COVID‐19 patients’ serum. All BAB positive sera, and a subset of respiratory samples, were tested for NAB against IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω, using an antiviral bioassay. Transcript levels of IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified.

Anti‐IFN‐I BAB were found in 61 out of 360 (17%) of patients. Among BAB positive sera, 21.3% had a high NAB titer against IFN‐α. A total of 69.2% of anti‐IFN‐α NAB sera displayed cross‐reactivity to IFN‐ω. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB persisted in all patients. NAB to IFN‐α were also detected in 3 out of 17 (17.6%) of respiratory samples. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB were higher in males (p = 0.0017), patients admitted to the ICU (p < 0.0001), and patients with a fatal outcome (p < 0.0001). NAB were associated with higher levels of CRP, LDH, d‐Dimer, and higher counts of hematological parameters. ISG‐mRNAs were reduced in patients with persistently NAB titer.

NAB are detected in a significant proportion of severe COVID‐19. NAB positive patients presented a defective IFN response and increased levels of laboratory biomarkers of disease severity.
Light as a Tool in Organic Photocatalysis: Multi‐Photon Excitation and Chromoselective Reactions
Authors: Markushyna Yevheniia , Savateev Aleksandr
Published: April 2022

Over the past decades, photoredox catalysis has developed to the big mature field of chemistry. Especially in the field of organic synthesis, more and more sustainable alternatives to conventional synthesis are being developed. Nonetheless, most research activities are focused on the development of new synthetic pathways, utilizing photons as a source of energy for breaking and building of new chemical bonds. We discuss here cases, where selection of the irradiation mode, light intensity (one‐, two‐ photons) or wavelength (UV, blue, green) has a crucial role on the outcome of the photocatalytic event. Thus, control over irradiation conditions influence the reaction mechanism and offers an access to highly reactive species that are otherwise hardly available. This allows for the unique chemical events to happen, such as deep reduction reactions. The principles of these concepts and their applications are reviewed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening (3+2) Annulation of Cyclopropenones with Ketoxime Acetates: Access to 1,2‐Dihydro‐pyrrol‐3‐ones Bearing a Quaternary Carbon Center
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Hua , Yang Ping , Zhang Yan‐Ping , You Yong , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Zhou Ming‐Qiang , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: April 2022

A Cu(I)‐catalyzed ring‐opening (3+2) annulation of cyclopropenones with ketoxime acetates has been developed. In disclosed protocol, ketoxime acetates are selected as C−N splicing unit to participate in the transformation process, furnishing a sequence of highly functional 1,2‐dihydro‐pyrrol‐3‐one derivatives in good isolated yields. Besides, scale‐up reaction is conducted to demonstrate the practicability of developed methodology and a tentative mechanism for (3+2) annulation is also proposed.
KI/K2S2O8 Mediated Cascade C(sp3)−H/C(sp2)−H Thiolation for the Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Thiazoles
Authors: Liu Lang , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2022

Thiazole and carbonyl often act as core functional or regulative moieties in biological molecules as well as optical materials. Designing and synthesis of carbonyl‐containing thiazoles are of great importance for related fields, hence, a simple and practical method was developed using commercially xanthates, benzylamine, and readily available alkynones as substrates. The reaction was achieved using one‐pot Michael addition and cascade iodine mediated C−H thiolation under mild conditions. This method features a broad substrate scope with high yield. Remarkably, the obtained carbonyl substituted thiazoles bearing electronic‐donating substituents exhibit promising performance for aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and have been successfully used in biological imaging.
Visible Light‐Promoted, Photocatalyst‐Free C(sp2)−H Bond Functionalization of Indolizines via EDA Complexes
Authors: Mane Kishor D. , Rupanawar Bapurao D. , Suryavanshi Gurunath
Published: April 2022

The catalyst and additive‐free, photo‐driven cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction initiated by electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes between electron rich indolizines and electron poor quinones has been demonstrated. This green transformation reveals the advantages of operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerances.
Catalyst‐ and Oxidant‐Free Electrochemical Halogenation Reactions of 2H‐Indazoles with NaX (X=Cl, Br)
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Zengzhi , Feng Chenglong , Liu Wenlu , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu
Published: April 2022

An environmentally friendly and highly efficient electrochemical method has been developed for halogenation of 2H‐indazoles with cheap and commercially available NaX (X=Cl, Br) in the absence of metal catalysts and oxidants. Notably, this electrochemical process exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional‐group compatibility. A variety of 2H‐indazoles are compatible with this transformation to give the corresponding products in modern to excellent yields. Also, this practical protocol avoids using external expensive supporting electrolytes. Last but not least, the procedure was carried out in an undivided cell at constant current condition under air atmosphere.
Effect of Surface Treatment of Stainless Steel Foils in High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Chao , Cai Kunpeng , Liang LiHeng , Dong Jianxia , Liu Xuhui , Cao Ning , Shao Qingguo , Zang Xiaobei
Published: April 2022

Stainless steel foil, as the most commonly used current collector of aqueous zinc‐ion battery cathode, has the advantages of low cost, good conductivity, good flexibility, lightweight, and so on. However, as a current collector, stainless steel foil still faces a series of challenges, such as easy shedding of active materials and large contact resistance. In this work, the surface of stainless steel foil is modified by physical grinding and chemical etching, and the influence of surface morphology of stainless steel foil on battery performance is investigated. The results show that the stainless steel foil treated with 0.2 m FeCl3 + 0.1 m HCl etching solution for 1 min has the best electrochemical performance, and its maximum discharge specific capacity is 2.14 times that of the original stainless steel foil. In addition, the assembled Zn–MnO2 battery has good cycle stability and excellent rate performance, which can be attributed to the moderate roughness, effective contact area, and excellent conductivity of the modified stainless steel foil current collector.
Enhanced capture of benzothiophene with a magnetism‐bimetallic Fe3O4@Zn/Cu‐BTC composite
Authors: Zhang Shiya , Zhu Yingzhi , Ma Na , Dai Wei
Published: April 2022

Since benzothiophene (BT) is a typical S‐containing compound in commercial fuels, proper adsorbents with desirable BT capture ability need to be developed. A novel magnetism‐bimetallic Fe3O4@Zn/Cu‐BTC composite has been synthesized via a simple one‐pot method for the removal of BT from mixed model fuel. SEM, XRD, XPS, and BET characterizations described the as‐prepared Fe3O4@Zn/Cu‐BTC. BT uptakes over Fe3O4@Zn/Cu‐BTC reached 85 mg/g, which is superior to those of previously reported in literature. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption process obeyed pseudo‐second order kinetic model, the determining step might be chemical sorption, and adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 30 min. Among various isotherm models, the experimental data for adsorption of BT followed the Langmuir isotherm best. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that BT adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Importantly, Fe3O4@Zn/Cu‐BTC could be easy obtained from liquid through Fe3O4 magnetism, and has high stability and good reusability, which might be beneficial for further practical deep desulfurization.
Neural mechanisms of the mood effects on third‐party responses to injustice after unfair experiences
Authors: Xie Enhui , Liu Mengdie , Liu Jieqiong , Gao Xiaoxue , Li Xianchun
Published: April 2022

Behavioral decision theory argues that humans can adjust their third‐party responses (e.g., punishment and compensation) to injustice by integrating unfair experiences. Typically, the mood plays an important role in such a decision‐making process. However, the underlying neurocognitive bases remain largely unclear. We first employ a modified third‐party justice game in which an allocator split an amount of money between oneself and a receiver. The participants can reapportion the money as observers by choosing from the following three costly options: compensate the receiver, accept the current allocation, or punish the allocator. Then, a second‐party pseudo interaction is conducted where participants receive more (i.e., advantageous unfair experience) or less (i.e., disadvantageous unfair experience) than others. Finally, participants perform the third‐party justice game again after unfair experiences. Here, we use functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure participants' brain activities during third‐party responses to injustice. We find participants compensate more to the receiver after advantageous unfair experience, which involved enhanced positive emotion, weakened sense of unfairness, and is linked with increased activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). In contrast, participants punish more on the allocator after disadvantageous unfair experience, which might primarily stem from their negative emotional responses, strong sense of unfairness, and is associated with significantly decreased activity in the rDLPFC. Our results suggest that third‐party compensation and punishment involved differential psychological and neural bases. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of second‐party unfair experiences and the corresponding mood responses in third‐party responses to unfairness, and unravel the intermediate neural architecture.
Accelerated longitudinal cortical atrophy in OEF/OIF/OND veterans with severe PTSD and the impact of comorbid TBI
Authors: Brown Emma M. , Salat David H. , Milberg William P. , Fortier Catherine B. , McGlinchey Regina E.
Published: April 2022

Veterans who deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and New Dawn (OND) commonly experience severe psychological trauma, often accompanied by physical brain trauma resulting in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Prior studies of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have revealed alterations in brain structure, accelerated cellular aging, and impacts on cognition following exposure to severe psychological trauma and potential interactive effects of military‐related mTBI. To date, however, little is known how such deployment‐related trauma changes with time and age of injury of the affected veteran. In this study, we explored changes in cortical thickness, volume, and surface area after an average interval of approximately 2 years in a cohort of 254 OEF/OIF/OND Veterans ranging in age from 19 to 67 years. Whole‐brain vertex‐wise analyses revealed that veterans who met criteria for severe PTSD (Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale ≥60) at baseline showed greater negative longitudinal changes in cortical thickness, volume, and area over time. Analyses also revealed a significant severe‐PTSD by age interaction on cortical measures with severe‐PTSD individuals exhibiting accelerated cortical degeneration with increasing age. Interaction effects of comorbid military‐related mTBI within the severe‐PTSD group were also observed in several cortical regions. These results suggest that those exhibiting severe PTSD symptomatology have accelerated atrophy that is exacerbated with increasing age and history of mTBI.
Predictors of medication nonadherence among hypertensive clients in a Ghanaian population: Application of the Hill‐Bone and Perceived Barriers to Treatment Compliance Scale
Authors: Woode Eric , Boakye‐Gyasi Eric , Obirikorang Yaa , Adu Evans A. , Obirikorang Christian , Acheampong Emmanuel , Odame‐Anto Enoch
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim

Nonadherence to antihypertensive medication impairs optimal blood pressure and is influenced by multiple interrelating factors. Knowing the complexity of medication nonadherence and its associated factors is essential for intervention strategies. This study evaluated the predictors of medication nonadherence among hypertensive clients in a Ghanaian population.

Methods

This was a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study conducted at the Hypertensive Clinic of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. A self‐designed questionnaire, the Hill‐Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy and Perceived Barriers to Treatment Compliance Scales, were used for data collection from 246 hypertensives. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.

Results

Medication nonadherence was observed among 8.5% of the study participants. In a multivariate regression model perceived noneffectiveness of medication (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–2.31, p < 0.001) and barriers to alcohol and smoking cessation (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.31–6.13, p = 0.008) were associated increased odds of antihypertensive medication nonadherence. Also, patients who do not know their total prescription (OR = 8.81, 95% CI: 2.28–34.0, p = 0.002) were more likely to be nonadherent to their antihypertensive medications. Moreover, clients who associate signs/symptoms of palpitations (OR = 5.82, 95% CI: 1.31–25.80, p = 0.021), poor sleep (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.09–14.12, p = 0.036) and decreased sexual drive (OR = 4.74, 95% CI: 0.96–23.28, p = 0.055), were more likely to be nonadherent to antihypertensive medication.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we observed a lower nonadherence rate among hypertensive clients in a Ghanaian population with correlates being medication‐related factors. Most importantly, perceived noneffectiveness of medication, barriers to smoking and alcohol cessation, palpitations, poor sleep, and decreased sexual drive significantly predicted lower adherence and could serve as indicators for high risk of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications.
An affinity propagated clustering aided computerized Inherent Seeded Region Growing and Deep learned Marching Cubes Algorithm (ISRG‐DMCA) based three dimensional image reconstruction approach
Authors: Joseph Sushitha Susan , Dennisan Aju
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, the novel three dimensional (3D) image reconstruction approach based on affinity propagated clustering aided computerized Inherent Seeded Region Growing and Deep learned Marching Cubes Algorithm (ISRG‐DMCA) is proposed. The major purpose of this manuscript is to divide the brain tumor based on Shapelets. Here, the information about the shape/depth that can be obtained in every two dimensional (2D) image on the image stack is handled to acquire a 3D reconstruction, which provides high accurate 3D view of tumor Region of Interest (ROI). Then, the 3D model is rendered with the help of the proposed Deep learned Marching Cubes Algorithm (Deep MCA) at 3D reconstruction technique. The performance of the proposed method is executed in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed ISRG‐DMCA algorithm attains a higher detection rate 14.117%, 5.435%, higher accuracy rate 9.556%, 26.41% and lower execution time 66.667%, 75%, compared with the existing methods, like Improved Marching Cubes Algorithm (IMCA), Improved CNN‐CRF method, respectively. In the proposed ISRG‐DMCA method, the volume of the tumor has a length of 2.56 mm. Finally, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed ISRG‐DMCA method can be able to find the optimal solutions efficiently and accurately.
Harm reduction acceptability and feasibility in a North American indigenous reserve community
Authors: Goldstein Silvi C. , Spillane Nichea S. , Nalven Tessa , Weiss Nicole H.
Published: April 2022

Aims

The present study assessed community and culturally specific alcohol‐related harm among North American Indigenous (NAI) individuals, as well as the acceptability and feasibility of harm reduction approaches in one reserve‐based NAI community.

Methods

Participants lived on or near a NAI reserve in Canada. Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with health care workers (N = 8, 75% NAI) and community members (N = 9, 100% NAI). Self‐report questionnaires were administered that measured acceptability and feasibility of harm reduction strategies.

Results

Conventional content analysis revealed loss of culture as culturally specific alcohol‐related harm. Health care workers rated harm reduction approaches to be acceptable and feasible, while community participants were more mixed. Majority of participants felt that some harm reduction strategies could provide opportunities for individuals who use alcohol to connect to Indigenous culture and traditions. However, there were mixed findings on whether harm reduction strategies are consistent with Indigenous cultural traditions and values.

Conclusion

Future research is needed to evaluate potential utility of harm‐reduction approaches for NAI communities.
How using a paper versus mobile calendar influences everyday planning and plan fulfillment
Authors: Huang Yanliu , Yang Zhen , Morwitz Vicki G.
Published: April 2022

This research examines how using a paper versus mobile calendar influences everyday planning and plan fulfillment behavior. Consumers are rapidly moving from paper to mobile calendars for convenience, but this research shows that doing so may lead individuals to be less successful in effectively developing and implementing their plans. In three studies, we demonstrate that compared with mobile calendar users, paper calendar users develop higher‐quality plans and are more successful in plan fulfillment. We provide evidence that this happens because paper calendar users take a broader, big‐picture perspective during planning, which also leads to higher‐quality plan development and a greater likelihood of plan fulfillment. When mobile calendar users use a mode that also provides a broader perspective, their plan quality increases.
Nitrate losses across 29 Iowa watersheds: Measuring long‐term trends in the context of interannual variability
Authors: Danalatos Gerasimos J. N. , Wolter Calvin , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Castellano Michael J.
Published: April 2022

In the U.S. Corn Belt, annual croplands are the primary source of nitrate loading to waterways. Long periods of fallow cause most nitrate loss, but there is extreme interannual variability in the magnitude of nitrate loss due to weather. Using mean annual (2001–2018) flow‐weighted nitrate‐N concentration (FWNC; mg NO3––N L–1), load (kg NO3––N), and yield (kg NO3––N ha–1 cropland) for 29 watersheds, our objectives were (a) to quantify the magnitude and interannual variability of 5‐yr moving average FWNC, load, and yield; (2) to estimate the probability of measuring 41% reductions in nitrate loss after isolating the effect of weather on nitrate loss by quantifying the interannual variability of nitrate loss in watersheds where there was no trend in 5‐yr moving average nitrate loss (Iowa targets a 41% nitrate loss reduction from croplands); and (c) to identify factors that, in the absence of long‐term trends in nitrate loss, best explain the interannual variability in nitrate loss. Averaged across all watersheds, the mean probability of measuring a statistically significant 41% reduction in FWNC across 15 yr, should it occur, was 96%. However, the probabilities of measuring 41% reductions in nitrate load and yield were only 44 and 32%. Across watersheds, soil organic matter, tile drainage, interannual variability of precipitation, and watershed area accounted for interannual variability in these nitrate loss indices. Our results have important implications for setting realistic timelines to measure nitrate loss reductions against the background of interannual weather variation and can help to target monitoring intensity across diverse watersheds.
Sensitive recognition of prostate‐specific antigen using biotinylated antibody encapsulated on D‐penicillamine decorated wrinkled silicate nanoparticles (WSN): An innovative sandwich‐type biosensor toward diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Behyar Milad Baghal , Farshchi Fatemeh , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: April 2022

In this study, a new sandwich‐type biosensor was developed to specific recognition of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and early‐stage diagnosis of prostate cancer using encapsulation of biotinylated antibody (Ab1) of prostate‐specific antigen on D‐penicillamine decorated wrinkled silicate nanoparticles (WSN). For the first time, KCC‐1‐NH‐DPA was synthesized and used to immobilization of biomacromolecules. So, fabricated immunosensor was performed by on sandwich‐type strategy. After fabrication of immunosensor, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry techniques were used to electrochemical evaluation of immune‐platform for PSA detection. The proposed biocompatibility immune‐platform provided a novel interface toward sensitive bioanalysis of PSA biomarker in human plasma samples. Due to the use of gold nanoparticles functionalized Cysteamine (Cys A) in the structure of the secondary antibody (Ab2 [HRP‐Ab2]), the intensity of the electrochemical signal has increased, resulting in a more accurate detection of the target molecules. Under the right conditions, the engineering immunosensor provides good bioanalytical performance for determining the PSA biomarker in the linear range of 0.002 to 60 μg L−1 which low limit of quantification was 0.002 μg L−1. As a result, it is suggested to use these immune‐devices in the clinical pre‐diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in herpes zoster
Authors: Oskay Tuba , Keskin Cem , Özen Mehmet
Published: April 2022

The risk of herpes zoster (HZ) increases as cell‐mediated immunity declines with age. Even though oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of HZ, there are few serum biomarkers of the disease's antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood levels of major antioxidants in HZ patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on this issue in the literature. The serum levels of antioxidants including uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBİL), albumin (ALB), vitamin D levels, and inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) was retrospectively analyzed in 53 patients with HZ and 53 age‐and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs). The relationships between these markers and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and the clinical severity of HZ were also evaluated. Serum levels of UA, TBIL, and ALB in patients with HZ were significantly lower than those in the HCs (p < 0.001), while no statistical differences were found in vitamin D levels between the groups. Hcy and CRP levels were significantly increased in HZ patients compared to HCs. Significant differences were observed in the serum levels of UA, Hcy, CRP, and vitamin D in the PHN group versus the non‐PHN group (p < 0.001). The presence of inflammatory markers was found to be positively related to disease activity. Furthermore, when compared to the mild or moderate clinical types of HZ, these biomarkers were statistically significant in the severe clinical type. These results suggest that uncontrolled varicella‐zoster virus reactivation, acute nerve damage, and PHN may all be associated with low antioxidant levels. These biomarkers may be a protective factor for HZ, but more research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism.
Sequential IgG antibody monitoring for virus‐inactivated and adenovirus‐vectored COVID‐19 vaccine in Brazilian healthcare workers
Authors: Lin‐Wang Hui T. , Lemes Rogerio C. , da Silva Farias Eduardo , Bajgelman Marcio C. , Franchini Kleber G. , Viana Renata , Gun Carlos
Published: April 2022

Vaccination certainly is the best way to fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this study, the seroconversion effectiveness of two vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was assessed in healthcare workers: virus‐inactivated CoronaVac (CV, n = 303), and adenovirus‐vectored Oxford–AstraZeneca (AZ, n = 447). The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies anti‐spike glycoprotein and anti‐nucleocapsid protein were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the time before vaccination (T1), before the second dose (T2), and 30 days after the second dose (T3). Of all individuals vaccinated with AZ, 100% (n = 447) exhibited seroconversion, compared to 91% (n = 276) that were given CV vaccine. Among individuals who did not respond to the CV, only three individuals showed a significant increase in the antibody level 4 months later the booster dose. A lower seroconversion rate was observed in elders immunized with the CV vaccine probably due to the natural immune senescence, or peculiarity of this vaccine. The AZ vaccine induced a higher humoral response; however, more common side effects were also observed. Nonvaccinated convalescent individuals revealed a similar rate of anti‐spike IgG to individuals that were given two doses of CV vaccine, which suggests that only a one‐shot COVID‐19 vaccine could produce an effective immune response in convalescents.
The kinetics and predictors of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies up to 8 months after symptomatic COVID‐19: A Czech cross‐sectional study
Authors: Štěpánek Ladislav , Janošíková Magdaléna , Štěpánek Lubomír , Nakládalová Marie , Boriková Alena
Published: April 2022

The presence of neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies indicates protection against (re)infection, however, the knowledge of their long‐term kinetics is limited. This study analyzed the presence of COVID‐19‐induced antibodies in unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) over the period of 1–8 months post symptom onset (SO) and explored the determinants of persisting immunoglobulin (Ig) seropositivity. Six hundred sixty‐two HCWs were interviewed for anamnestic data and tested for IgG targeting the spike protein (S1 and S2) and IgM targeting the receptor‐binding domain. A Cox regression model was used to explore potential predictors of seropositivity with respect to the time lapse between SO and serology testing. 82.9% and 44.7% of HCWs demonstrated IgG and IgM seropositivity, respectively, with a mean interval of 83 days between SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and serology testing. On average, HCWs reported seven symptoms in the acute phase lasting 20 days. IgG seropositivity rates among HCWs decreased gradually to 80%, 50%, and 35% at 3, 6, and 8 months after SO, while IgM seropositivity fell rapidly to 60%, 15%, and 0% over the same time intervals. The number of symptoms was the only predictor of persisting IgG seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.096, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003–1.199, p = 0.043) and symptom duration a predictor of IgM seropositivity (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.004–1.017, p = 0.002). Infection‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG rates drop to a third in seropositive participants over the course of 8 months. Symptom count and duration in the acute phase of COVID‐19 are both relevant to the subsequent kinetics of antibody responses.
Residue analysis, dissipation patterns of chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron and their corresponding metabolites in tea trees, and dietary intake risk assessment
Authors: Xu Feng , Xu Duo , Du Gongming , Guo Zhenyu , Zha Xinxin , Chen Liuyang
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Recently, chlorfenapyr and diafenthiuron have been widely used to prevent and control diseases and pests in tea production. However, rare studies have investigated the dissipation patterns of chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron and their metabolites simultaneously in tea matrices. Here, we established an analytical method to investigate the degradation patterns of five target compounds in tea shoots and made tea samples. Moreover, the dietary intake risk assessment of chlorfenapyr–diafenthiuron mixture among Chinese populations was evaluated based on the supervised field experiment.

RESULTS

The mean recoveries of the primary analytes at five spiking levels were between 95.6% and 112.6% in tea shoots and made tea, respectively, and the values of RSD (relative standard deviation) were lower than 9.7% for all the target analytes. The field trial results showed that the half‐lives of chlorfenapyr and diafenthiuron based on the residue definition were 10.0–12.4 days and 4.3–5.9 days, respectively, in tea shoots. For the dietary intake risk assessment, the risk quotient (RQ) values in made tea ranged from 30.4% to 73.9% at the pre‐harvest interval of 14 days, which were significantly less than 100%.

CONCLUSION

The accuracy and precision of the developed method were satisfied by the measurement requirements according to the validation results. The dynamic dissipation experiments suggested that diafenthiuron was much easier to dissipate than chlorfenapyr. Moreover, the existence of tralopyril made the half‐life of chlorfenapyr significantly increase, indicating that practical application of chlorfenapyr should take careful consideration of its metabolite. Finally, the potential chronic dietary risks of the chlorfenapyr–diafenthiuron mixture to human communities were within the acceptable range. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sodium caseinate enhances the effect of konjac flour on delaying gastric emptying based on a dynamic in vitro human stomach‐IV (DIVHS‐IV) system
Authors: Li Shanshan , Ye Shuxin , Jin Hong , Shang Longchen , Li Jing , Liang Hongshan , Li Bin
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

In the context of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, satiety‐enhancing foods may help people control their energy intake and weight. In this study, an advanced near‐real human gastric simulator equipped with a dynamic in vitro human stomach‐IV (DIVHS‐IV) system was used to determine the gastric digestion and gastric retention ratio of konjac flour (KF)/sodium caseinate (SC) mixtures with different ratios.

RESULTS

The apparent viscosity, viscoelastic properties, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the digested products were collected and analyzed to further study the effect of SC on the physical properties of KF during digestion. The results showed that the addition of SC could enhance the effect of KF on delaying gastric emptying in vitro. Besides, the addition of SC was shown to weaken the effect of gastric juice on the dilution of gastric contents by forming SC gel blocks in the acid environment. In particular, the synergistic gastric emptying delaying effect was the strongest in the KF/SC mixture containing 1% KF and 8% SC, and obvious massive aggregates were observed.

CONCLUSION

The combination of 1% KF and 8% SC was shown to synergistically delay gastric emptying and potentially enhance the sense of fullness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.