bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of Relationship Between the Degree of Induced Gingival Hyperplasia and the Concentration of Diphenylhydantoin in Various Tissues of Ferrets
Authors: Steinberg Arnold D. , Alvarez Julian , Jeffay Henry
Published: November 2010

Ferrets that were given 5-5 diphenylhydantoin developed various degrees of gingival hyperplasia. Analysis for 5-5 diphenylhydantoin did not show a correlation between the degree of hyperplasia, concentrations of the drug in the various tissues, or turnover of protein-3H proline. Highest concentratrations of the drug were found in oral mucosa, salivary glands, and adrenal glands, and gingiva concentrations were low.
An In Vitro Investigation of Abrasion and Staining of Dental Resins
Authors: Pipko D.J. , El-Sadeek M.
Published: November 2010

This investigation was undertaken to study the abrasion and staining resistance of denture base and veneering resins. The abrasion of certain resins was tested with specific commercial cleaning agents and dentifrices by use of natural and synthetic bristle toothbrushes and denture brushes. Staining resistance was tested by use of natural food stains on the resins. Results indicate some general guidelines for the clinical selection, use, and maintenance of dental restorations or appliances fabricated with these resins.
Epidemiologic Studies of Caries-Free and Caries-Active Students : I. Prevalence of Potentially Cariogenic Streptococci
Authors: Duany Luis F. , Jablon James M. , Zinner Doran D.
Published: November 2010

No significant difference was found in the prevalence of four potentially cariogenic streptococcal serotypes on molar surfaces of caries-free and caries-active students. Presence alone of these organisms did not correlate with the caries status of the individual. Other supplementary factors, apparently, are necessary for the induction of caries. Quantitative microbiologic procedures are needed to establish a more definitive elucidation of the role of specific microbiota in human dental caries.
Potential Errors in Analyzing Enamel for Fluoride Concentrations and Rates of Acid Dissolution Subsequent to Stannous Fluoride Treatments
Authors: Stearns Robert I.
Published: November 2010

Dialectic considerations necessitated by the recent identification of the major reaction product of hydroxyapatite and stannous fluoride as Sn3F3PO 4, a material structurally unrelated to fluorapatite, show that fluoride concentrations and rates of acid dissolution of enamel treated by stannous fluoride preparations that are determined by the usual methods that involve fluoride-calcium or fluoride-phosphate concentration analyses are potentially inaccurate. However, when preparations of sodium fluoride-type compounds are used these values can be determined with reasonable accuracy by such methods.
Phase Discrimination Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Johnson Leonard N.
Published: November 2010

Polished, unetched amalgam surfaces were studied metallographically with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By use of different modes of SEM operation, micrographs were obtained from variations in the electric properties of the respective phases present. This technique minimizes artifact formation that may result from conventional electric or chemical etching techniques.
Radioautographic Study of Chondrocytic Proliferation in Nasal Septal Cartilage of the 10-Day-Old Rat
Authors: Searls James C. , Kinser Daniel D.
Published: November 2010

Rates of chondrocytic proliferation within the rat septum were evaluated radioautographically. Results showed that the zone of greatest activity was within the sphenoidal tail. The zone of second highest activity was just anterior to the septoethmoidal junction; and the third highest was in the center of the septum. Proliferative activity in all other regions was relatively low.
The Effect of Neuraminidase on the Properties of Salivary Proteins
Authors: Briscoe J. Martin , Pruitt Kenneth M. , Caldwell Robert C.
Published: November 2010

Neuraminidase rapidly cleaves sialic acid residues and increases the turbidity of human saliva. The isotherm for the adsorption of salivary proteins to hydroxyapatite is unchanged by preliminary treatment of the saliva or the hydroxyapatite with neuraminidase. The data suggest that neuraminidase does not alter the adsorption behavior of salivary proteins.
Effect of Inoculation on Bone Resorption Scores in Two Rat Strains
Authors: Kavanagh B.J. , Eby R. , Leung F.C. , Yankell S.L.
Published: November 2010

Inoculation with Actinomyces viscosus increased the alveolar bone resorption scores in one commercially available rat strain, but not in another. Bone resorption scores in inoculated rats differed with the strains tested. Advanced bone resorption occurred in 4 of the 24 sites measured, and 4 sites were resistant to bone resorption. The other 16 sites provided no additional information. The two mandibular mesial sites provided the most sensitive measure of bone resorption.
Influence of Castration on Sexual Differences in Iodine 131 Uptake by Thyroid and Submandibular Glands in Mice
Authors: Houssay Alberto B. , Bozzolo Eduardo , Curbelo Halina M.
Published: November 2010

In A2G mice, the 131I submandibular gland-plasma ratios were higher in males than in castrated males and higher in castrated males than in females. The 131I thyroid gland uptake was greater in females and castrated males than in males. The submandibular gland 131I uptake curve had its peak four hours after the tracer dose was administered.
Use of Angular Measurements in Cephalometric Analyses
Authors: Walker Geoffrey F. , Kowalski Charles J.
Published: November 2010

Most cephalometric analyses make extensive use of angular measurements. This usage is based on the assumption that angular measurements for a particular individual tend to remain relatively constant with respect to time, ie, that they are affected minimally by growth. The tenability of this assumption is challenged in several instances on the basis of the results of a cross-sectional cephalometric study of certain angular variables.
Pulpal Response of Monkeys to Modifications of a Bisphenol A Composite Resin and Cement
Authors: Auvenshine Ronald C. , Eames Wilmer B.
Published: November 2010

This investigation demonstrated the minimal pulpal response of the teeth of monkeys to bisphenol A restorative materials in the form of a cement and as a composite resin. Each material was thinned with a monomer of methyl methacrylate or of dimethacrylate.
Salivary, Serum, and Microbial Components of Human Carious Dentin
Authors: Sumitani Michio , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Shimahara Takeo , Tsubakimoto Kumio , Tsutsui Masahiro
Published: November 2010

By use of immunohistochemical staining methods, salivary and serum components, ie, γ-globulin and serum albumin, were found in sound and carious human dentin. Most notable reactions were observed in dentinal tubules beneath a translucent zone (radiopaque zone) in carious dentin. Oral microorganisms also were found in soft carious dentin.
Microradiographic Comparison of Artificial Caries Systems
Authors: Manson-Hing L.R. , Keller S.E. , Feagin F.F. , Koulourides T.
Published: November 2010

A study was made of early enamel caries produced artificially by three different systems. Factors involved in each system were varied. The lesions were examined microradiographically to determine preservation of the enamel surface, thickness of the relatively intact surface layer, and depth of the lesion. The radiographs reflected the severity of the artificial caries attack.
Role of Attrition and Occlusal Contact in the Physiology of Rat Incisors: V. Life Cycle of Inner Enamel Epithelial Cells at Various Rates of Eruption
Authors: Michaeli Y. , Weinreb M.M. , Zajicek G.
Published: November 2010

A kinetic study of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE) in impeded and unimpeded rat incisors proved that cell production in the IEE is directly proportional to the speed of eruption. Therefore, the rate of IEE cell production can be derived from eruption measurements.
Fears of the Dental Situation
Authors: Gale Elliot N.
Published: November 2010

Ratings of fear in the dental situation indicate that high fear and low fear patients rank the fears associated with the dental situation in about the same way (p = 0.98). Also, the attitude of the dentist is important to the patient, and may, partially, determine his attitude toward dentistry.
An Abrasion Resistance Study of Some Dental Resins
Authors: Lugassy Armand A. , Greener Evan H.
Published: November 2010

The wear resistance of six filled and three unfilled resins was evaluated with the use of a commercial abrasion tester. The results showed significantly greater wear (P < 0.05) of the filled resins compared with the unfilled resins. Based on these observations, a mechanism for explaining the wear behavior of the filled resins has been proposed.
Photographic Study of Gold Flow
Authors: Rawson Raymond D. , Gregory Gary G. , Lund Melvin R.
Published: November 2010

This is a study of the action of molten gold alloy during the actual casting process. The action was recorded by high-speed photography through a silica window. An understanding of the directional forces of the molten alloy is helpful for space location and orientation of the casting ring.
Retention of Fluoride with Chewable Tablets and a Mouthrinse
Authors: Parkins F.M.
Published: November 2010

Fluoride concentration and volume of expectorates collected after chewing or rinsing with three different supplemental fluoride preparations were determined. Fluoride contained in the administered dose was measured and amount of fluoride in the collected volume was subtracted from it to yield the amount of fluoride retained. Retentions of 41, 20, and 7% of the dose were found with a NaF tablet, an APF tablet, and an APF rinse, respectively.
Slow Compressive Strength of Amalgam
Authors: Mahler David B.
Published: November 2010

An investigation of the compressive strength of amalgam at various loading rates revealed that the strengths of several commercial amalgams loaded at 0.001 inch/ minute were correlated (r = 0.931) to their respective dynamic creep values.
Effect of Stannous and Fluoride Ions on the Rate of Crystal Growth of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Meyer John L. , Nancollas George H.
Published: November 2010

Stannous and fluoride ions affected the rate of crystal growth of calcium phosphate from stable, supersaturated solutions inoculated with pure synthetic hydroxyapatite seed. Stannous ions appeared to inhibit the growth by a simple adsorption process; the effect of fluoride ions was much more difficult to interpret.
Epithelial Changes in the Presumptive Regions of Fusion During Secondary Palate Formation
Authors: Mato Masao , Smiley Gary R. , Dixon Andrew D.
Published: November 2010

Specific epithelial changes before fusion of the palatal processes and nasal septum of human fetuses were studied at the fine structural level and were compared with the changes in rodents and chick cervical sinus formation.
Bone Growth in Organ Culture Modified by an Electric Field
Authors: Norton Louis A. , Moore Ronald R.
Published: November 2010

Unidirectional pulsating electric fields caused changes in the patterns of growth in rat calvaria grown in organ culture. Morphologic pattern variations were studied by radioautographic techniques. The changes occurred at the negatively charged bone surface. In a strong field, the growth pattern became disoriented.
Thermal Analysis of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Omloo W.P.F.A.M. , Schuthof J. , Arends J.
Published: November 2010

The behavior of dental amalgam and of alloy powder was studied as a function of temperature with the aid of a thermal analyzer. At more than 400 C, mercury in the set amalgam was evaporated completely. Differential thermal analysis and the thermogravimetric curves of the alloy powder and of the set amalgam were the same at temperatures more than 400 C.
Effects of Restorative Materials on Plaque Composition
Authors: Norman Richard D. , Mehra Rita V. , Swartz Marjorie L. , Phillips Ralph W.
Published: November 2010

Analysis of certain components of plaque grown at margins of restorations shows variation in composition with time. Stability occurs within one year in vivo. Comparable plaque grows on all materials tested with the exception of silicates. Fluorides within silicates apparently cause the difference in this plaque composition.
A Stabilizing Comonomer: II. Stabilization and Polymerization Characteristics
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Argentar H.
Published: November 2010

The hardening times of an experimental composite material and the gel times of a two-liquid monomer formulation increased with higher concentrations of a stabilizing comonomer (BHM). The compound, BHM (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl methacrylate), polymerized under anaerobic conditions when initiated with 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals.
Coordination of Activity of the two Bellies of the Digastric Muscle in Basic Jaw Movements
Authors: Munro R.R.
Published: November 2010

Electromyographic studies of ten patients indicate that both bellies of the digastric muscle act synchronously in all basic jaw movements. It is suggested that the actions in mandibular depression, and possibly in retrusion, are those of a prime mover.
Electric Pulp Vitality Testers
Authors: Civjan Simon , Barone Joseph J. , Vaccaro Garry J.
Published: November 2010

Output of three commercially available electric pulp testers were compared. Clinical threshold settings of the instruments could not be correlated to peak voltage, root mean square voltage, or power outputs determined by use of a simulated load impedance. A mathematical expression to establish a relation between threshold settings and output information is suggested.
Parameters of the Mixed Dentition in Diabetic Children
Authors: Bohatka L. , Wegner H. , Adler P.
Published: November 2010

In diabetic children accelerated development of the mixed dentition was evident before the age of 11.5 years; at this age and thereafter, development was retarded. The edentulous interval was longer in diabetic children than in the normal reference population. Age-dependent accelerated and retarded tooth development in diabetic individuals may be explained by systemic effects on the dentition that are supposedly mediated by the pituitary gland. The longer edentulous interval, however, apparently is due to local effects of diabetes.
A New Dental Superalloy System: III. Microstructure and Phase Transformations
Authors: Mohammed Hamdi , Asgar Kamal , Bigelow W.C.
Published: November 2010

A microstructural study was conducted on 15 cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys of the basic composition 40 Co-30 Ni-30 Cr. The alloys were strengthened by the addition of tantalum and tantalum-rich regions were found at the interdendritic spaces. The increase in Ta concentration caused a decrease in the concentration of the β phase and an increase in the amounts of the a phase. Excessive amounts of Ta resulted in formation of the σ phase. The failure of the alloy occurred as a result of the interconnection of σ regions.
Heritability of the Carabelli Cusp in Twins
Authors: Biggerstaff Robert H.
Published: November 2010

The study of the Carabelli trait among 199 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs failed to demonstrate a high degree of heritability. Analyses of antimere differences in individuals indicated a lack of mirroring and no sexual dimorphism. Monozygotic twin pairs exhibited a higher concordance rate for corresponding tooth comparisons than dizygotic twin pairs.
Prediction of the Incidence of Recurrent Herpes Labialis and Systemic Illness from Psychological Measurements
Authors: Katcher Aaron Honori , Brightman Vernon , Luborsky Lester , Ship Irwin
Published: November 2010

About a third of variance in a year's incidence of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) was predicted from combinations of psychological and sociometric variables. Measures of social assets and psychological discomfort added significant predictive information when used in combination with measures of susceptibility to RHL (antibody titer or frequency of RHL determined by history).
Viability of Bacteria in High-Speed Dental Drill Aerosols with Antimicrobial Agents in the Water Coolant System
Authors: Grayson Barry H. , Li William K.P. , Benjaminson M.A.
Published: November 2010

Antimicrobial agents were used in the water coolant system in the high-speed dental drill during a series of tooth preparations on a model. Artificial saliva was applied to the dentition before the procedure began. For five minutes after cessation of drilling, the aerosols generated were collected on precipitation plates. Six agents reduced the bacterial counts to levels less than that recorded for water alone.
Influence of Inherent Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus on the Cariostatic Properties of NaH2PO4 in the Rat
Authors: Mc Donald J.L. , Stookey G.K.
Published: November 2010

The addition of NaH 2PO4 to diets that contained 0.3 and 0.6% calcium and phosphorus resulted in a significant increase in weight gain and a significant cariostatic effect, regardless of the amount of inherent dietary Ca and P. The degree of efficacy increased with larger concentrations of inherent dietary Ca and P.
Dental Enamel Electrochemistry
Authors: Dickerson Robert A. , Lenoir John M.
Published: November 2010

The results of several experiments implicate electrochemical phenomena in the formation of dental caries. The passage of an electric current through enamel causes degradation and a carious appearance. The fluoride ion minimizes the variations in natural electric potentials and inhibits electric current. This is consistent with an electrochemical mechanism of caries formation and the beneficial effects of fluoride.
Effects of Nutrition on the Composition of Tooth Lipids and Fatty Acids in Rats: III. Effects of Feeding Different Oils and Fats on Caries and on Fatty Acid Composition of Teeth
Authors: Alam Syed Q. , Alvarez Celestino J. , Harris Robert S.
Published: November 2010

Caries incidence was generally lower in rats fed a cariogenic diet that contained four different oils and fats at a 9% level than in those fed a diet with a 3% level of the same oil or fat. The amount of linoleic acid in pooled samples of dentin and enamel extracted from the molars and incisors was related to the amount of linoleic acid in the diet.
Human Dental Caries Experience Related to Age, Sex, Race, and Certain Salivary Properties
Authors: Everhart Donald L. , Grigsby William R. , Carter Walter H.
Published: November 2010

Saliva flow, protein concentration, and blood group substance concentration in the whole saliva of 106 persons were compared. Some of these variables then were compared with age, decayed surfaces, DMF surfaces, and immunoglobulin concentration (IgA and IgG).
Distribution and Metabolism of Diphenylhydantoin in Oral and Nonoral Tissues of Ferrets
Authors: Steinberg Arnold D. , Allen Pamela M. , Jeffay Henry
Published: November 2010

Tissue distribution of diphenylhydantoin and metabolites in oral and nonoral tissues of the ferret after administration of single and multiple doses revealed that prolonged administration resulted in high concentrations of unmetabolized DPH in oral mucosa, salivary glands, and gingiva. This suggests a direct role of unmetabolized DPH in the induced gingival hyperplasia.
Influence of Experimental Diets on Carious Lesions in the Occlusal Sulci and on the Smooth Surfaces of the Molars of Caries-Susceptible Rats
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Three commonly used cariogenic diets were compared to determine why their abilities to support weight gain differed. The initiation and development of carious lesions in the occlusal sulci and on the smooth surfaces of rat molars also were evaluated. Relatively small changes in dietary composition tended to cause major changes in caries activity at one or both sites.
Calcification of Bacillary and Streptococcal Variants of Bacterionema matruchotii
Authors: Ennever J. , Streckfuss J.L. , Takazoe I.
Published: November 2010

Two morphologic variants of the calcifiable microorganism Bacterionema matruchotii were examined for calcification after growth in a synthetic medium, and each calcified. The bacillary variant acquired intracellular apatite, whereas the streptococcal variant developed intracellular and extracellular apatite.
Effect of Conditioning the Enamel Surface with Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Retief D.H.
Published: November 2010

Conditioning with 50% phosphoric acid produces preferential etching of the enamel surface. Intimate interfacial contact is established between the adhesive and the etched enamel and tags of resin up to 50 μm in length project into the conditioned enamel surface. Etching increases the wettability of the enamel surface.
Reactions of Enamel Surfaces and Neutral Calcium Phosphate Solutions After Combinations of Topical APF and SnF2
Authors: Jeansonne B.G. , Feagin F.F.
Published: November 2010

Etched enamel surfaces were treated topically with combinations of acid phosphate fluoride and stannous fluoride solutions, and then exposed to constantly recirculated neutral calcium phosphate solutions. The calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and hydrogen ion reactions with the variously treated surfaces were compared. Results showed concurrent dissolution of calcium fluoride and diffusion of hydrogen fluoride from the surfaces, and indicated concurrent deposition of apatitic mineral into the surfaces.
Identification of Stretch Receptors in the Frog Geniohyoid Muscle by Sinusoidal Stretching
Authors: Ito Fumio , Harada Yoshio
Published: November 2010

This study revealed the absence of muscle spindles and the presence of leaf-like receptors in the frog's geniohyoid muscle. The response pattern was studied during sinusoidal stretching of the muscle. Results are compared with the response patterns of two kinds of stretch receptors in the sartorius muscle.
Effect of Viscosity on the Accuracy and Stability of Elastic Impression Materials
Authors: Reisbick M.H.
Published: November 2010

A ram and cylinder penetrometer was designed to measure the viscosity of impression materials at their time of placement. Viscosity had no effect on accuracy or stability of the impression materials within the viscosity ranges studied.
Demineralizing Effects of Cooked Food-Saliva Mixtures on Fluoride-Treated and Nontreated Enamel
Authors: Liatukas Elena L.
Published: November 2010

The effect of three fluoride agents on decalcification of human enamel incubated in a food-saliva mixture was investigated. Microscopic examination of ground sections showed that one fluoride agent reduced decalcification, another increased it, and a third had no effect.
Effects of Hypophysectomy on Gingival Glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Kofoed Jorge A.
Published: November 2010

The concentration of acidic glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins was determined in gingiva of normal and hypophysectomized rats. Total uronic acids increased 33% in gingiva of treated rats compared with normal rats. This change was due to the increase of both the glycoproteins and the hyaluronic acid fraction.
Target Tissue Pressures in Three Water Jet Devices
Authors: Selting Wayne J. , Bhaskar Surindar N.
Published: November 2010

The fluid delivery rate and target tissue pressures of two new water jet devices were compared with the rate and pressure of a single jet device. The new devices deliver larger volumes of water and produce greater pressures.
A Two-Stage Model for Human Enamel Demineralization as Determined by Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis
Authors: Nichol T. , Judd G. , Ansell G.S.
Published: November 2010

Scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to observe the effects of various treatments on human enamel surfaces. A two-stage model, ie, one stage concerned with the initiation of attack and another stage to describe the directionality of the spread of attack, is presented to explain the effects of the various demineralization treatments.
Some Effects of Breakfast Cereals on Caries in Rats
Authors: Choung U.B. , Bibby B.G. , Losee F.L.
Published: November 2010

More caries was produced in rats by a diet of breakfast cereal that contained 8% sugar than by one with 43% sugar. A mineral-enriched cereal product that contained 19% sugar produced the least caries.
Characteristics and Caries Experience of Tetracycline-Affected Dentitions
Authors: Brearley Louise J. , Porteous J. Rennie
Published: November 2010

A study of the caries experience of children with tetracycline-affected, but not hypoplastic, dentitions showed significantly lower DMF surface scores for the complete dentition, deciduous molars, and first permanent molars in comparison with paired control dentitions. Tetracycline and fluoride appeared to have an additive effect in lowering caries experience.
Correlative Study of the Physiologic and Morphologic Characteristics of the Temporal and Masseter Muscles of the Cat
Authors: Tamari Joseph W. , Tomey George F. , Ibrahim Mohammed Z.M. , Baraka Anis , Jabbur Suhayl J. , Bahuth Nadia
Published: November 2010

The electrophysiologic and morphologic features of cat temporal and masseter muscles were investigated. The temporal muscle possessed a majority of type A fibers; type B and C were dominant in the masseter muscle. The temporal muscle demonstrated slower contraction speed, wider twitch duration, and earlier tetanus fusion than the masseter muscle.
Effect of Phosphate and pH on Streptococcus mutans Acid Production and Growth
Authors: Handelman Stanley L. , Kreinces Gerald H.
Published: November 2010

The effect of phosphate concentration and the initial pH of bacteriologic media on acid production and bacterial growth of Streptococcus mutans was studied. There was an inhibition of acid production and bacterial growth with an increase in concentrations of phosphate, particularly when the initial pH of the media was 8.0. At a pH of 6.5 the effect was minimal.
Effects of Dextranase from Spicaria violaceae (IFO 6120) on the Polysaccharides Produced by Oral Streptococci and on Human Dental Plaque
Authors: Murayama Yoji , Wada Hajime , Hayashi Hiro-O , Uchida Takeshi , Yokomizo Ichiro , Hamada Shigeyuki
Published: November 2010

Dextranase was prepared from Spicaria violaceae. The in vitro effect of the dextranase on the various polysaccharides produced by oral streptococci was studied. In vivo studies revealed that the dextranase was capable of preventing dental plague deposition in man.
Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: IV. Effects of Differential Tooth Eruption and Exposure to a Cariogenic Diet on Subsequent Dental Caries Incidence
Authors: Menaker Lewis , Navia Juan M.
Published: November 2010

The tooth eruption pattern in well- and under-nourished rat pups was investigated. A one-day lag was observed in those pups born to, and suckled on, dams that received a low protein diet when compared with control pups from mothers given a high protein diet. The difference in susceptibility to dental caries between these two groups could not be accounted for by this differential eruption and time of exposure to the cariogenic stress.
A New Dental Superalloy System: IV. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Mohammed Hamdi , Asgar Kamal , Kimball O.F.
Published: November 2010

X-ray diffraction analysis of the alloy system Co-Ni-Cr-Ta showed that the ternary alloy base consisted of three phases (a, β, and σ). Addition of Ta caused a decrease in the intensity of the β lines. Further Ta additions caused diffraction lines characteristic of the intermetallic compound α-Co3Ta. At higher Ta concentrations, the intensity of the lines characteristic of the σ phase increased and lines characteristic of Co2Ta appeared.
Determinants of Variations in the Supply and Distribution of Dental Manpower Among Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Tryon Ames F.
Published: November 2010

Multiple regression techniques were used to determine the impact of several demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental characteristics of the population on the supply and distribution of dental services among 342 large and small metropolitan areas. The variables selected explained about 48% of the variance in the supply of dental services.
Dextranglucosidase Activity in Supragingival Plaque
Authors: Gold William , Blechman Harry , Preston F. Barrie
Published: November 2010

Enzyme activity was present in pooled dental plague that hydrolyzed dextran added to glucose. Hydrolysis of dextran occurred in the pH range of 5.15 to 7.1. Glucose released endogenously from plague alone was equivalent in amount to that released by amyloglucosidase; therefore, it was from starchy sources.
Studies on the Biology of the Periodontium of Marmosets: XI. Histopathologic Manifestations of Spontaneous and Induced Vitamin A Deficiency in the Oral Structures of Adult Marmosets
Authors: Dreizen Samuel , Levy Barnet M. , Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Histologic studies of the oral structures of adult marmosets with spontaneous and induced vitamin A deficiency revealed that the ductal epithelium of the salivary and lingual glands, and the gingival epithelium, were the prime target sites of the deficiency. The lack of vitamin A produced keratinizing metaplasia of the ductal epithelium and precipitated aberrant epithelialization in the connective tissue compartment of the gingiva.
Oral Microbial Profile of the Marmoset
Authors: Brown Lee R. , Handler Sandra , Allen Sandra S. , Shea Catherine , Wheatcroft Merrill G. , Frome William J.
Published: November 2010

Qualitative and quantitative assessments were made of the cultivable oral microflora of adult marmosets that were given three difjerent dietary regimens. The identifiable isolates were dispersed among 12 recognized microbial families, 24 genera, and more than 40 species. Generally, marmosets that received a high sucrose diet had the highest bacterial counts.
Training of Surgical Researchers: Head and Neck-An NIDR Workshop
Authors: Spriestersbach Duane C. , Cramer Lester M. , Matukas Victor J. , Mc Callum Charles A. , Christiansen R.L.
Published: November 2010

To assess the current state of training of surgical researchers in disorders of the head and neck, a workshop was conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research and was coordinated by Richard L. Christiansen, Developmental Biology and Oral-Facial Anomalies Program. The workshop focused primarily on the surgical aspects of congenital and acquired craniofacial disorders. The following ad hoc planning committee was named: D. C. Spriestersbach, L. M. Cramer, V. J. Matukas, and C. A. McCallum.

The planning committee, K. Kenneth Hisaoka, deputy associate director of the NIDR, and R. L. Christiansen established the format and selected the participants for the workshop. The objective was to provide in-depth review of the current status, directions, and needs in training of surgical researchers in the head and neck region as related to the needs of the NIDR. The workshop was held in Bethesda, Md, on November 29-30, 1971. The ideas exchanged were abstracted by a recorder, summarized, and reviewed by the coordinator and the planning committee to produce this report.
Histopathology of Oral Endosteal Metallic Implants in Dogs
Authors: Piliero S.J. , Schnitman P. , Pentel L. , Cranin A.N. , Dennison T.A.
Published: November 2010

Four weeks after implantation of oral endosteal metallic implants, acute inflammatory responses of the gingiva were observed. By eight weeks, the inflammation was transitional to chronic. Bony degeneration was noted eight months after implantation. No epithelial or fibrous connective tissue adherence or attachment to the blades was evident.
Optimum Time and Temperature for Stress Relief Heat Treatment of Stainless Steel Wire
Authors: Marcotte Michael R.
Published: November 2010

With the use of springback and recovery as dependent variables, the effects of time and temperature of stress relief heat treatment of stainless steel wire were studied. Stainless steel springs exposed to a stress relief heat treatment of 750 F for 11 minutes appear to have significantly improved spring properties.
Simple Nanogram Method for the Estimation of Fluoride in Mineralized Specimens
Authors: Levine R.S.
Published: November 2010

Mineralized specimens (2 to 10 μg) were dissolved in acetate buffer and fluoride was estimated electrometrically under nonequilibrium conditions in the range of 0.5 to 5 ng; no reagents were added to the solution. In this method, which can be applied to all biologic calcified specimens, a technique is used for increasing the sensitivity of the ion electrode.
Effect of Perceived Control on Stress Reduction in Pedodontic Patients
Authors: Corah Norman L.
Published: November 2010

A signaling device was given to patients to reduce stress in the dental chair. Galvanic skin response during the dental procedures indicated a complex relationship. Patients with the signaling device showed less arousal under high stress conditions but somewhat higher arousal under low stress conditions when compared with a control group.
Influence of the Adrenal Glands on the Sialic Acid Content of Submaxillary and Retrolingual Glands in the Rat
Authors: Curbelo Halina M. , Houssay Alberto B. , Gamper Carlos H. , Sancho Ofelia
Published: November 2010

Adrenalectomy decreased sialic acid content in the submaxillary and retrolingual glands of normal male rats. The administration of cortisol acetate to adrenalectomized rats increased submaxillary and retrolingual sialic acid content; administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate decreased the submaxillary gland content but not the retrolingual gland content.
Pulp Reaction to a Resin-Bonded Quartz Composite Material
Authors: Tobias Mario , Cataldo Edmund , Shiere Frederic R. , Clark R. Ernest
Published: November 2010

Pulp responses induced by a resin-bonded quartz composite material, with and without liners, were compared with those induced by zinc oxide-eugenol at 7, 28, and 84 days after Class V cavity preparations were made in 96 intact dog teeth. Only the unlined composite material elicited a significant inflammatory response.
Effect of a Topically Applied 3 % Vancomycin Gel on Streptococcus mutans on Different Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Jordan Harold V. , De Paola Paul F.
Published: November 2010

A 3% vancomycin gel was applied for ten minutes to the teeth of 10- to 12-year-old children using custom-fitted trays. Treatment was once a day for five consecutive days. Significant suppression of Streptococcus mutans was found in sound and carious fissures one week after treatment, with a decline in the oral hygiene index. Response to treatment was the same in subjects with and without large, open, carious lesions.
Adsorption of Salivary Proteins by Hydroxyapatite: Effects of Phosphate Ions and Interdependence of the Effects of Phosphate and Hydrogen Ions
Authors: Gaughey Charles Mc , Stowell Ellery C.
Published: November 2010

Phosphate ions at physiological concentrations in saliva inhibited adsorption of salivary proteins by hydroxyapatite. Adsorption was related inversely to the concentration of phosphate. Removal of phosphate from saliva abolished or decidedly lowered the stimulating effect of hydrogen ions on adsorption of salivary proteins. Lowering the pH decreased, abolished, or reversed the adsorption inhibitory effect of phosphate.
Oral Microorganisms in the Gingiva of Individuals with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroshi , Sumitani Michio , Tsubakimoto Kumio , Tsutsui Masahiro
Published: November 2010

By use of immunofluorescent techniques we found oral microorganisms on the surface of the sulcular epithelium and in the epithelial and connective tissues of the gingiva of individuals with periodontal disease. Anaerobic oral microorganisms frequently were found in these areas.
Comparison of In Vitro Fluoride Uptake by Human and Bovine Enamel from Acidulated Phosphate-Fluoride Solutions
Authors: Mellberg James R. , Loertscher Kenneth L.
Published: November 2010

Sound human enamel and bovine enamel were treated with various acidulated phosphate-fluoride solutions. Fluoride uptake by human and bovine enamel was different for many of the solutions. This difference demonstrates that bovine enamel may not be an adequate substitute for human enamel in fluoride uptake studies.
Aging in Human Attached Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Ryan Edward J. , Toto Patrick D. , Gargiulo Anthony W.
Published: November 2010

The mitotic index of human gingival epithelium is not significantly different in men 18 to 22 years of age and in men 58 to 64 years of age. There is a significant increase in the cell density of the gingival epithelium and a significant decrease in connective tissue cells in older men.
Desensitization, Model Learning, and the Dental Behavior of Children
Authors: Machen J. Bernard , Johnson Ronald
Published: November 2010

Significantly less negative behavior was observed in children exposed to either desensitization or model learning therapy before undergoing restorative dental treatment than in children given more customary initial dental experiences. This difference was not observed during an initial examination. The two therapy groups did not differ significantly from each other on any of the visits.
Effect of Fluoride on Eruption Rates of Rat Incisors
Authors: Berkovitz B.K.B.
Published: November 2010

The addition of either 25 or 100 ppm fluoride to the drinking water of Wistar rats produced a banded appearance on the mandibular incisors but had no significant effect on the impeded or unimpeded eruption rates of the incisors.
Spiramycin Excretion in Animals : III. A Single Oral Dose in Dogs
Authors: Yankell S.L. , Leung F.C. , Gardner J.M. , Paor W.S.
Published: November 2010

Spiramycin concentrations were determined in plasma and parotid and sublingual fluids of unanesthetized dogs 1 to 6 and 24 hours after a single oral dose of the antibiotic. Plasma levels were highest 1 to 4 hours after dosage. Sustained sublingual secretion and peak parotid levels of spiramycin occurred at later collection times.
Radiographic Cephalometric Method of Assessment of Craniofacial Growth in Monkeys
Authors: Henry H.L. , Cleall J.F.
Published: November 2010

A method for reorientation of a monkey in a cephalostat was refined and the accuracy of the procedure was determined.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on LS Cells
Authors: Hongslo Jan K. , Holland Roy I. , Jonsen Jon
Published: November 2010

The fluoride sensitivity and the lethal concentration of LS cells were determined. The cells were adapted to grow in the presence of lethal concentrations of fluoride. The adaptation persisted after removal of fluoride. Any possible binding of the fluoride to medium components was excluded.
Production of Levan and Dextran in Plaque In Vivo
Authors: Gold William , Preston F. Barrie , Lache Marvin C. , Blechman Harry
Published: November 2010

Frequent eating of small amounts of sucrose for a period of three days resulted in the in vivo accumulation in plaque of about 1% dextran and about 3% levan.
Detection of Local Changes of Mineral Metabolism within the Jaws of Rabbits by Bone Scanning
Authors: Garcia Daniel A. , Davis Michael A. , Kapur Krishan K. , Goldhaber Paul
Published: November 2010

Bone scanning with technetium-99m-labeled polyphosphate and a scintillation camera were used to follow the mineral metabolism associated with the reformation and eruption of previously extracted posterior rabbit teeth. Uptake of technetium-polyphosphate was significantly higher throughout the phase of active tooth eruption.
Electroetching of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Staheli P.J. , Von Fraunhofer J.A.
Published: November 2010

Application of the potentiostatic polarization technique to the metallographic etching of set dental amalgam is described. Etching studies of amalgam prepared from a lathe-cut, a spherical, and a silver-copper dispersed-phase amalgam alloy are reported. The γ2 phase in set dental amalgam can be characterized by this electrochemical technique.
Activity of the Digastric Muscle in Swallowing and Chewing
Authors: Munro R.R.
Published: November 2010

Electromyographic investigation indicates that the two bellies of the digastric muscle contract simultaneously in swallowing and in the open phase of chewing. However, about the time of tooth contact in chewing the posterior belly is active, while the anterior belly usually is inactive.
Muscle Spindle Distribution in the Masticatory Muscle of the Tree Shrew
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Masegi Toshiaki , Quanbunchan Kritha
Published: November 2010

Histological study of the masticatory muscles of the tree shrew showed that 140 muscle spindles are concentrated in the restricted areas of the inner lowermost layer of the horizontal and vertical portions of the temporal muscle (48 and 47 spindles, respectively), the profundus portion of the masseter muscle (42 spindles), and the zygomaticomandibular muscle (3 spindles). The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are devoid of spindles.
Explaining Variability in Caries Experience Using an Ecological Model
Authors: Jenny Joanna , Frazier P. Jean , Bagramian Robert A. , Proshek John M.
Published: November 2010

A model including diet, oral hygiene, and dental treatment and three ecological levels was tested to study variability in caries experience. Analysis produced a rank order of explanation for the ecological variables: (1) community, (2) family, (3) individual. The treatment factor contributed more to oral condition than oral hygiene or diet within each ecological level.
Diphenylhydantoin Sodium (Dilantin) as a Caries Retarder
Authors: Rovin Sheldon , Sabes William R. , Eversole Lewis R. , Gordon Helmut A.
Published: November 2010

Rats that had their mandibular first molars silk-ligated and that were fed chow with diphenylhydantoin sodium (Dilantin) developed less caries than rats that were not fed Dilantin. The retarding effect of Dilantin was enhanced by the cleanliness of the environment in which the animals lived.
Elasticity of Elastomer Impression Materials : Breaking Limit and Ultimate Strength
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M.
Published: November 2010

A study of the breaking limit and ultimate strength of all elastomer impression materials in current use in Greece was made. Measurements were made at ten minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after mixing the material. Silicone and polyether materials showed greater ultimate strength than mercaptan materials in the first measurement.
Setting Time and Consistency of Elastomer Impression Materials
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M. , Kapari Danae J.
Published: November 2010

An experimental study was made of the setting time and consistency of all elastomer impression materials (mercaptan, silicone, and polyether) in current use in Greece. Measurements were made at temperatures of 20, 25, and 37 C. For each of the 23 materials studied, the rise of temperature from 20 to 37 C lowered the setting time and the consistency of the material.
Recurrent Herpes Labialis, Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers, and the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Segal Arthur L. , Katcher Aaron H. , Brightman Vernon J. , Miller Michael F.
Published: November 2010

A prospective study of 104 student nurses determined the frequency of recurrent herpes labialis and recurrent aphthous ulcers within the menstrual cycle. Each nurse kept daily calendars recording inter alia menses and episodes of lesions. Episodes of aphthae were not associated with any specific intervals in the menstrual cycle. There was a greater than expected incidence of episodes of herpetic lesions in the eight days preceding the onset of menses.
Use of Marrow-Cancellous Bone Grafts in Maxillary Alveolar and Palatal Clefts
Authors: Boyne Phillip J.
Published: November 2010

Autogenous particulate cancellous bone and marrow grafts were studied in bilateral, surgically produced palatal and alveolar clefts in six young rhesus monkeys. Fluorescence and routine light microscopy indicated complete osseous regeneration of the cleft areas. Tooth buds on either side of the surgical area were not disturbed by the grafting procedure.
Interrelation of Afferent Impulses from Different Bellies of the Temporal Muscle of the Cat
Authors: Hamada Taizo , Takata Mitsuru , Kawamura Yojiro
Published: November 2010

A physiologic interaction of proprioceptive afferent impulses from the different muscle bellies of the temporal muscle were studied in the cat. The impulses from one belly of the temporal muscle modified the activities of the motoneurons innervating the different bellies of the muscle.
Effects of Tetracyclines on Membranous Bone Growth and Dentin Apposition in Young Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Yen Peter K.-J. , Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Various tetracyclines were administered by different routes to young monkeys that received multiple injections of lead acetate as an intravital stain of calcification sites. Microscopically, the tetracyclines inhibited membranous bone growth, but they did not affect dentin apposition.
A Method of Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dental Operatory Delivery Systems
Authors: Khalil Tarek , Truscheit Robert
Published: November 2010

A new technique by which a dental operation can be recorded, analyzed, and evaluated in a complete manner based on a set of work efficiency criteria is introduced. All activities and movements performed in the dental operatory are recorded during the performance of actual operations, using a specially designed chart. A typical example of a dental operatory delivery system evaluation through the utilization of the chart is described.
Corrosion Behavior of the Tin-Containing Silver-Mercury Phase of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Sarkar N.K. , Greener E.H.
Published: November 2010

Through the use of anodic polarization studies in Ringer's solution, the electrochemical behavior of γ 1 phase of dental amalgam (Ag2Hg3) and γ 1 containing dissolved tin is compared with that for the γ 2 phase in dental amalgam (Sn7-8Hg). The results indicate that when tin is dissolved in γ1 it does not affect the electrochemical behavior of that phase.
On the Static Creep of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Vrijhoef M.M.A. , Driessens F.C.M.
Published: November 2010

A new equation is proposed for the description of the static creep of dental amalgam. It is satisfactory for a wide range of stresses and strain rates in static creep experiments during steady state. The hypothesis was confirmed that creep of dental amalgam is determined by the low melting phases.
Automated Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Craniofacial Pain
Authors: Leonard M.S. , Kilpatrick K.E. , Fast T.B. , Mahan P.E. , Mackenzie Richard S.
Published: November 2010

Automated models are used to classify and to plan treatments for patients with craniofacial pain. The clinical data used in the construction of the diagnostic and treatment planning models are discussed. Validation results are presented and applications of the models are considered.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cavity Margins Finished with Chisels or Rotating Instruments at Low Speed
Authors: Tronstad Leif , Leidal Torger Ingar
Published: November 2010

The quality of the margins of the box portions of Class II cavities finished with chisels or rotating instruments at low speed was scored according to a cavity margin index system proposed by the authors. Adequate results were obtained with the combined use of abrasive paper disks and gingival margin trimmers.
Adhesive Refractory Protective Coating for Investment Casting
Authors: Mabie Curtis P.
Published: November 2010

A refractory protective coat has been developed that greatly reduces scale formation and is capable of lowering sandblasted casting roughness 30 to 50%. When applied as a thin film to the refractory model, it remains as a tacky base which will fix wax and plastic.
Temperature in the Pulp Chamber During Polishing of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Grajower Raphael , Kaufman Elieser , Rajstein Joseph
Published: November 2010

Temperature changes in the pulp chamber were determined by means of thermocouples during polishing procedures of Class V amalgam restorations. The dependence of the temperature elevation on the separation between cavity floor and thermocouple junction was determined. Temperatures obtained with rubber cups were higher than those with cup brushes. Intermittent polishing caused less heating, by about 30%, than continuous procedures. Cavity bases and liners, applied at a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, had little influence on the temperatures in the pulp chamber.