bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the psychophysiological training of Vietnamese Air Force pilots for high-altitude flights
Authors: Blaginin Andrey A. , Vu Quang H.
Published: September 2024

In the “pilot – aircraft – environment” system, the pilot is a decisive link and plays an important role in ensuring the reliability of this system. During the flight, the pilot works under constant exposure to adverse factors. Thus, the professional activity of a pilot is characterized by high emotional stress and severe physical and mental stresses. The influence of high-altitude factors on the health and performance of the pilot and outcomes of high-altitude flights in an emergency were considered. During these flights (altitude of 4000 m), one of the most dangerous situations is the emergency depressurization of the aircraft cabin. In this case, explosive decompression occurs, which can cause the death of the pilot and loss of the aircraft. A decrease in partial pressure leads to acute hypoxia, and a rapid decrease in barometric pressure causes high-altitude decompression disorders. The protective equipment used by pilots when performing high-altitude and stratospheric flights was presented. The system and methodology of psychophysiological preparation for high-altitude flights were analyzed, which included theoretical training, flight personnel’s familiarization with the effect of hypoxic hypoxia on the body, assessment of the tolerance to moderate hypoxia during hyperbaric ascents, selection and adjustment of protective equipment, and training in breathing and speech under excess pressure. The shortcomings in medical support for psychophysiological training of pilots of the Air Force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam were revealed. Based on a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches, medical support for flights must be improved, and the psychophysiological training of Vietnamese Air Force pilots for high-altitude flights must be substantiated..
Application of a mathematical model of a human lower limb for modeling shock-wave effects of contact explosion
Authors: Denisov Alexey V. , Matveikin Sergey V. , Zaikin Sergey V. , Anisin Alexey V. , Vasilyeva Svetlana N. , Selivanov Evgeny A.
Published: September 2024

A simulation finite-element model of the destruction process of biomaterials of the human musculoskeletal system under shock-wave effects of a contact explosion is substantiated to predict the nature and extent of damage to the lower limbs, including designing special explosion-proof shoes. The physical and mechanical properties of the biological tissues of human lower limbs and their behavior under local shock-wave action were analyzed. The mechanical behavior of each biological material as part of a mathematical model of a human lower limb was selected. The original finite-element model of the human lower limb symmetrically interacted with the main components of its anatomical structures. The developed computational model was verified using data obtained from the results of experiments on mechanical and shock-wave effects. A specialized program for processing the received data was created, which implements an algorithm for processing received graphic images of changes in pressure indicators and accelerations over time to obtain tolerance curves. Several numerical calculations were performed to simulate contact detonation through the protective composition of the developed model of the lower limb. Pressure and acceleration tolerance curves were derived from the results of the calculations, animations of the behavior of anatomical structures of the lower limb under shock-wave action were created, and the propagation of the pressure field within them was visualized. In the future, the proposed method of conducting “virtual” tests can be employed to solve application issues of testing to protect the lower extremities of sappers. In general, the use of computer modeling techniques will help reduce the time and cost of producing new samples of protective products in the interests of the country’s defense capability.
Efficiency of laparoscopic technique of access formation for peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Ilyin Il’ya A. , Belskikh Andrey N. , Gurevich Kоnstantin Ya. , Zakharov Mikhail V. , Pyatchenkov Mikhail O.
Published: September 2024

Peritoneal dialysis is an effective method of renal replacement therapy. Currently, different opinions have been put forward as to which catheter implantation technique is preferable for peritoneal dialysis. In this study, the application of the laparoscopic implantation technique for peritoneal dialysis catheter and improving the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease is substantiated. The study included 1,228 patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease who received medical care by peritoneal dialysis and were observed in 26 dialysis centers between 2000 and 2020. Group 1 received open implantation technique (n = 1105 people; 477 men [43%], 628 women [57%]). The average age at the time of implantation of peritoneal dialysis catheter was 52.4 ± 0.48 years. Group 2 received laparoscopic implantation technique (n = 123; 57 men (46%), 66 women (54%)). At the beginning of 2000, peritoneal dialysis was maintained in 78 patients but was continued in 45 people. The average age at the time of implantation of the peritoneal dialysis catheter was 51.9 ± 1.28 years. Compared with group 1, group 2 demonstrated better “survival” because of the lower dysfunction and catheter loss rates, increased opportunities for using peritoneal dialysis in patients with previous abdominal surgery. In both groups, peritoneal dialysis was mainly terminated because of complications. The technical “survival” of the peritoneal dialysis was significantly higher in women and patients who were overweight in group 2 than in group 1. The proportion of patients without infectious complications was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Thus, laparoscopic implantation of the peritoneal dialysis catheter improves the quality of treatment, expands the indications for its use, and increases peritoneal dialysis “survival”. In addition, both surgical options (open and laparoscopic implantation techniques for peritoneal dialysis catheter) can be employed; however, the laparoscopic technique is preferred in women and patients who are overweight because they reduced the conversion rate to hemodialysis. Accordingly, the introduction of an advanced laparoscopic technique for implanting a peritoneal dialysis catheter into the clinical practice of making access for peritoneal dialysis is necessary.
State of body functions of submarines of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam before a short sea trip
Authors: Kryukov Evgeniy V. , Zverev Dmitry P. , Ivchenko Evgeniy V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V. , Andrusenko Andrey N. , Shitov Arseniy Yu. , Bui Huong T. , Nguyen Linh T.T. , Bobrov Yuriy M. , Myasnikov Aleksey A. , Yusupov Vladislav V. , Korzunin Vladimir A. , Nguyen Thach M. , Filippova Elena O. , Golubtsov Oleg Yu. , Nguyen Quang H. , Chinh Pham H. , Nguyen Hung V. , Truong Tu V.
Published: September 2024

Based on the state of the functions of the central nervous system, circulatory system, and respiratory system, the psychophysiological status and reserve capabilities of the body of submariners of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam are assessed before a short sea trip. The study was conducted in 2023 as part of the research work “Ecolan M-2.2” that was participated by 117 submariners in the inter-trip period and 45 submariners 1–3 days before sea trip on the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The state of the functions of the central nervous system, circulatory system, and respiratory system, reserve capabilities, and psychophysiological status of the body were examined. The daily and weekly routines of submariners during permanent deployment were analyzed. Submariners of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the inter-cruise period and before a short sea trip have a predominantly good state of body functioning in the examination of various systems and sufficient reserve capabilities. Despite the normal functional state of the examined submariners, 13 tended to have deteriorated body function and 5 had a borderline functional status. The small number of submariners with a borderline functional status may lead to erroneous activities during sea trips and cause emergencies. This, in turn, is fraught with disruption of the combat mission and even death. The results indicate the need to develop medical and physiological measures in the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to maintain and restore the functional status of submariners during various periods of combat training activities. In the future, for a more qualitative development of medical and physiological measures, the medical support received by submariners of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, morbidity, and results of dispensary follow-up must be evaluated.
Complicated postbulbar duodenal ulcers: peculiar clinical features, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Peregudov Sergey I. , Luong Son T.
Published: September 2024

Domestic and foreign studies have examined the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of patients with complicated bulbous duodenal ulcers. Elibrary.ru, the Russian National Library, and PubMed were searched for relevant scientific medical literature published between 1926 and 2023. The search focused on literature data on evidence-based medicine. Bulbous peptic ulcers occurred in 3.6–17% with duodenal ulcers. It often has an atypical clinical course and is at risk of severe complications such as ulcerative bleeding, decompensated duodenal stenosis, and ulceration. Surgical intervention is technically difficult. Despite the expansion of diagnostic capabilities, in most cases, the exact localization of the ulcer in the postbulbar area was revealed only during an intraoperative revision of the duodenum. Surgical treatment of patients with complicated corneal ulcers is associated with a high risk of damage to important anatomical structures, postoperative complications, and high mortality. Existing methods of surgical treatment of complicated bulbous ulcers are associated with increased risk of intra- and postoperative complications, such as damage to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, large blood vessels, development of acute postoperative pancreatitis, and duodenal stump failure, which lead to frequent adverse immediate and long-term results and mortality. The issue of choosing the optimal surgical treatment methods for complicated corneal ulcer remains definitively unresolved. Although numerous techniques are available, none is perfect. In general, peptic ulcer disease and its complications remain relevant in modern surgery. Compared with stomach and duodenal bulb ulcers, few studies have been devoted to complicated bulbous ulcers, specifically on the peculiarities of their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
Comprehensive treatment efficacy assessment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis in patients with urogenital infections
Authors: Abdullayev Shokir R. , Gafforov Sunnatullo A. , Gafforova Sevara S. , Hen Dmitriy N.
Published: September 2024

Background: Infectious-allergic, neurogenic, occupational, immunological, and crossover factors play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS). Moreover, CRAS is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and viral infections of the oral cavity secondary to urogenital pathologies.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of CRAS in patients with urogenital infections.
Materials and methods: The study included 120 patients with CRAS aged 18–70 years. Of these, 80 had CRAS secondary to CKD with infectious complications: treatment group 1 (TG1, n=40) and reference group (RG, n=40). Forty patients with CRAS had no urogenital infections: treatment group 2 (TG2). The treatment protocol in the study groups included antihistamines, sedatives, immunomodulators, and multivitamins. Topical treatment included Eludril solution (irrigation, mouth wash, etc.), as well as ginger and myrrh extracts. The conditional control group (CCG) included 20 apparently healthy subjects.
Results: The study found that regional lymphadenitis, Mikulicz’s aphthae, swollen oral mucosa, severe dental caries, and a high periodontal disease index were more common in patients with CRAS secondary to CKD; patients with more prolonged and severe CRAS had the worst results. Immunodeficiency and abnormal blood chemistry findings associated with CKD were identified as the primary pathogenetic factors for recurrent infection in CRAS.
Conclusion: Patients with CRAS secondary to CKD may develop chronic inflammation caused by opportunistic pathogens in the oral cavity, resulting in local immunodeficiency, which is largely determined by the site and severity of inflammation.
Association between narrow palate and respiratory function in children: a literature review
Authors: Gazimagomedova Aminat S. , Drobysheva Nailya S.
Published: September 2024

Changes in the airways and dentoalveolar system are one of the most challenging aspects of modern practical and theoretical dentistry. Nasal breathing is essential for the normal development of the maxillofacial area. During a child’s growth, the respiratory tract and facial skull development are closely linked. The main stage of dentoalveolar system development occurs during preschool and elementary school years. Nasal breathing disorders are currently widespread in this age group. Dental professionals are frequently the first to detect these disorders. A dental professional can then inform parents on the potential causes and consequences of habitual mouth breathing, justify the need for treatment and prevention of this pathology, and refer a child to an ENT specialist.
The review examines the association between narrow palate and respiratory function in children. Domestic and international studies addressing the association between dentoalveolar system pathologies and respiratory patterns and functional parameters were analyzed. The studies present a variety of opinions: some authors confirm the association between narrow palate and mouth breathing, while others refute it. Moreover, changes in respiratory function parameters following rapid palatal expansion have been analyzed, emphasizing the importance of timely orthodontic treatment to improve breathing.
On the issue of modern classification of peripheral nervous system's combat injuries
Authors: Gaivoronsky Alexey I. , Kim-Skaliitchouk Bogdan V. , Svistov Dmitriy V. , Isaev Dzhamaludin M. , Churikov Leonid I.
Published: September 2024

Combat injuries to the peripheral nervous system are of particular interest because they differ significantly from peacetime nerve injuries and, accordingly, require a different approach to their classification and diagnosis. They are also characterized by a slightly different algorithm of diagnostic measures and treatment tactics. This problem is relevant not only for military surgeons, since gunshot wounds to nerves are not uncommon in peacetime. The leading position in the structure of mine-explosive wounds is traditionally occupied by limb wounds, but cases of damage to cranial nerves are not uncommon. Combat injuries are often characterized by significant damage to soft tissues, main vessels, nerve trunks and bone structures. Among the features of the clinical course of such nerve injuries, a higher frequency of causalgia, as well as a neurological deficit caused by the presence of an intraneural foreign object or due to compression of an intact nerve trunk by a conglomerate of cicatricial tissues, can be highlighted. Traditionally, nerve injuries both in wartime and in peacetime are characterized by a high degree of disability of the victims, which is reflected in a decrease in the quality of life. Available domestic and foreign literature has a significant number of classifications of peacetime injuries to the peripheral nervous system and only isolated mentions of the classification of combat injuries. The lack of a single classification approach to this nosology significantly complicates a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of such wounded due to the fact that the diagnosis of clinicians of related specialties often differs from the neurosurgical one. In turn, this is reflected in the choice of the wrong treatment tactics and, accordingly, in a decrease in its effectiveness. In this paper, the authors propose an improved modern classification of combat injuries to the peripheral nervous system, based on previously put forward, as well as on the experience of treating nerve injuries in the neurosurgery clinic of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.
Dynamics of ultrastructural changes in the yolk syncytial layer and its microenvironment during gastrulation and early postembryonic development of Hemichromis Bimaculatus
Authors: Dubinina Natalya N. , Aidagulova Svetlana V. , Zalavina Svetlana V.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: In fish embryogenesis, the yolk sac is the critical provisional organ, actively functioning during the embryonic and early postembryonic stages. Its primary role is trophic, facilitated in Teleostei by a specialized structure — the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). Ultrastructural transformations of this layer during gastrulation and early postembryonic development, as well as its interaction with migrating muscle fibers and melanophores, are probably necessary for the efficient use of nutrients by the developing embryo. The yolk sac’s role in the embryogenesis of Hemichromis bimaculatus may extend beyond current conceptions.
AIM: To study the structural organization of the Jewel Cichlid (H. bimaculatus) yolk sac during the embryonic and early postembryonic development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was involved 22 embryos and larvae of H. bimaculatus from 1 to 7 days after egg laying. The morphological features of the yolk sac were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: By day 2, the yolk sac was separated from the embryo by the trunk fold. Its main structure was the YSL, containing numerous nuclei, microvilli, mitochondria and phagolysosomes. The morphological features of the YSL were similar to those of the placental symplastotrophoblast and indicated high functional activity. The yolk sac mesenchyme contained blood vessels, migrating melanophores, and muscle fibers. The periderm, covered with a special shell, fuunctioned as the primary skin of the embryo. The transition to exogenous nutrition in Jewel Cichlid larvae was accompanied by a significant decrease in yolk sac size with its subsequent involution.
CONCLUSIONS: The trophic function of the yolk sac in H. bimaculatus is mediated by the YSL, which, during gastrulation and postembryonic development, interacts with a number of structures present in the yolk sac wall. Migrating muscle fibers promote activation of yolk granules; accumulation of toxic metabolic products is associated with melanophores. The special structure of the periderm protects both the yolk sac and the embryo from external influences.
Corrélation entre la régulation autonome, la régulation de contrôle et les résultats académiques des étudiants en français langue étrangère
Authors: Lee Hsin-i , Gu Linhui
Published: September 2024

L'étude explore, via la théorie de l'autodétermination, la motivation des étudiants en FLE en ligne ou en présentiel pendant les trois ans de pandémie en Chine. Une approche mixte utilisant des questionnaires (le SRQ-L et le LCQ) et des entretiens semi-dirigés a été adoptée. Les résultats mettent en évidence une forte corrélation entre la régulation autonome, les notes académiques et la régulation de contrôle. De plus, une corrélation positive seulement modérée est observée entre la régulation autonome et le soutien perçu à l'autonomie. La littérature suggère une rivalité entre la régulation de contrôle et la régulation autonome. Nos résultats montrent que les étudiants performants obtiennent des scores élevés dans les deux modes, tandis que les autres ont des scores plus bas, quel que soit le mode de régulation. Les entretiens complètent les informations sur les facteurs influençant ces corrélations. Ces résultats sont importants pour optimiser l'enseignement/l'apprentissage du FLE à l'université.
Injustiças socioespaciais e ambientais no contexto urbano: uma análise espacial e de percepção sobre uso, localização e acesso aos parques urbanos na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria Aline Lopes da , Bezerra Anselmo César Vasconcelos , Silva Carlos Eduardo Menezes da
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição dos parques na cidade do Recife e comparar o acesso a três parques com características socioambientais distintas em seu entorno, à luz do conceito de justiça socioespacial. A partir da distribuição espacial dos onze parques urbanos da cidade do Recife aprofundamos a análise para três parques: Jaqueira, Macaxeira e Caiara. A escolha dos três se deu por serem próximos geograficamente, mas situados em áreas com características socioeconômicas distintas. A primeira análise se deu a partir de indicadores socioeconômicos em nível de setores censitários do entorno. E a segunda análise se deu através de questionários com usuários dos parques. Os parques urbanos estão ganhando destaque por sua importância como verdadeiros oásis de promoção de bem-estar. No entanto o acesso a este tipo de espaço ainda ocorre de maneira desigual, em especial em países em desenvolvimento. Existe uma distribuição desigual dos parques urbanos na cidade do Recife. Os parques estão majoritariamente localizados em áreas com melhores indicadores de renda, e maior concentração de população branca. Os parques em áreas menos abastadas apresentam um menor deslocamento das pessoas que frequentam. E os parques em áreas mais abastadas apresentam melhores avaliações na percepção sobre as características físicas. De maneira geral, os parques urbanos do Recife apresentam distribuição desigual em relação ao território municipal, e consequentemente de acesso. A partir da análise em relação a localização dos parques, esses espaços não contemplam todas as camadas sociais e concentram-se nas zonas mais bem avaliadas da cidade. São espaços bem mais presentes e próximos em áreas onde os indicadores socioambientais são melhores.
Avaliação da contaminação microbiológica em curso d’água intermitente no Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara, Ceará: influência dos efluentes provenientes de estação de tratamento de esgoto
Authors: Sousa Jardielen Chaves , Santos Antonio Lucas Rocha , Souza Cassiano Ricardo , Rodrigues Edmo Montes
Published: September 2024

A Vila de Jericoacoara, localizada no município de Jijoca de Jericoacoara, Ceará, e a estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) local estão situadas próximas ao Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara. O esgoto tratado pela ETE é descarregado no solo arenoso para percolação, o que pode resultar em contaminação do solo e da água subterrânea. Durante a estação chuvosa, a saturação do solo dificulta a percolação do efluente tratado, fazendo com que este adentre o parque e forme um curso d'água intermitente que, ao se unir a outros fluxos, deságua no mar após atravessar a área posterior à Duna do Pôr do Sol, um ponto turístico local. Para avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do efluente que adentra o parque, amostras de água foram coletadas ao longo de seis meses, abrangendo parte das estações chuvosa e seca, em três pontos a jusante. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de pH e condutividade elétrica em quinze amostras de água, além de análises microbiológicas utilizando a técnica de fermentação em tubos múltiplos para determinar o número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Os resultados indicaram que os valores de pH e condutividade variaram conforme o volume de chuvas na região. Os dados microbiológicos apontaram para a presença de mais de 2,0 × 106 NMP de coliformes termotolerantes por 100 mL de água efluente, tanto na estação seca quanto na chuvosa, sugerindo que a ETE é uma fonte significativa de contaminação microbiológica no parque. Durante a estação chuvosa, essa contaminação tende a se disseminar na unidade de conservação devido à saturação do solo e à formação de cursos d'água. A presença de contaminação microbiológica representa riscos de infecções microbianas e parasitárias para visitantes e espécies locais, além de comprometer a função legal da unidade de conservação federal. Este estudo é pioneiro ao demonstrar a ocorrência de contaminação microbiológica na área do Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara.
Assessing the level of production capacity utilization in the country’s oil and gas sector using aggregated information
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Akhundov Vidadi J. , Rustamov Ilham S. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: September 2024

"Production capacity characterizes the capabilities of an enterprise to produce products. If the production capacity of an enterprise is not fully utilized, this leads to an increase in the share of fixed costs, an increase in production costs, and a decrease in profitability. The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical foundations and development of methodological provisions for determining and using production capacities in the oil and gas sector of the country. The article discusses the process of assessing the level of capacity utilization in the country's oil and gas sector, which is justified by calculations of production capacity. When planning them, it is recommended to take into account the features of the drilling enterprise. In practice, the “number of completed well drilling” indicator plan is usually adopted as the main indicator at drilling enterprises. A rule has been proposed for determining the maximum quantity of the indicator “number of completed well drillings” as the main indicator of the activity of drilling enterprises in current production conditions. Then the number of wells a drilling company can deliver at its current production capacity is compared with the number of wells actually delivered. The actual utilization of production capacity in the industry is analyzed, its level of utilization, and the reasons associated with the deviation from the full utilization of equipment productivity are highlighted. When determining the level of production capacity utilization, the “maximum production capacity” indicator of drilling enterprises is calculated. Next, a model is proposed for calculating the level of production capacity utilization in the country’s oil and gas sector. At the SOCAR (State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic) company level, a cost expression is used to assess the level of capacity utilization. The reason for this is the variety of activities of the organizations included in the сompany and at the same time the variety of equipment. When analyzing the extent to which existing production capacity is used at the company level, it was proposed to use the indicator “limit of effective use of equipment”. The results obtained showed that the proposed methods make it possible to assess the level of use of the equipment fleet and the activities of the enterprise or the company.
Utilizing synchrotron-based SVUV-PIMS technique to capture (CHO)Cu1* species in dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation
Authors: Abbasi Zeeshan , Ren Jie
Published: September 2024

Utilizing synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) to capture intermediates has significantly enhanced the understanding of catalytic reactions. This commentary introduced the structure of SVUV-PIMS and then revisited an excellent work in science that utilized SVUV-PIMS to elucidate the mechanisms of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation into ethylene glycol over copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) supported on dealuminated Beta zeolite (Beta-deAl). The observation of key intermediates, particularly (CHO)Cu1* species, using SVUV-PIMS provided real-time, in-situ insights into the dynamic behavior of Cu NPs in DMO hydrogenation. The findings highlighted the formation of a silanol nest and the presence of metallic Cu and Cu2O phases following methanol treatment. This treatment helped maintain a small nanoparticle size, resulting in high EG yields and prolonged catalyst stability. Additionally, their catalyst addressed common issues, such as silica leaching, which often compromises the durability of CuSiO2-based catalysts. By re-examining their work, this commentary underscores the transformative potential of SVUV-PIMS in catalysis research, and the operando adaptation of intermediates in reactions is invaluable for developing more efficient and durable catalysts.
Setenta y cinco años de las relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y Canadá
Authors: Novak Fabián , García Jaime
Published: September 2024

Si bien existen algunos antecedentes históricos muy antiguos en la relación bilateral entre el Perú y Canadá, lamentablemente estos han sido poco estudiados. Así, por ejemplo, se tiene conocimiento de las exploraciones realizadas en la costa de la Columbia Británica. De igual forma, tenemos las actuaciones del vice-cónsul honorario del Perú en Quebec desde 1875, la del Cónsul del Perú en Vancouver desde 1932 o la del Comisario para Asuntos Comerciales canadiense en Lima, desde 1929 (MRE, 2019), que ponen en evidencia que más allá de no existir relaciones diplomáticas entre ambos Estados en el siglo XIX y parte del XX, estas sí existieron en al ámbito consular, producto de la necesidad de velar por la situación de los inmigrantes peruanos radicados en algunas ciudades de ese país, como también de los negocios que ellos venían desarrollando en el campo comercial. Se trataba, sin duda, de los primeros contactos, algunos de los cuales ni siquiera tenían un carácter oficial, pero que permiten conocer lo remoto de estos antecedentes, que sirvieron de base para continuar el largo camino de construcción de nuestro relacionamiento.
Paraguay y Perú. De la primera misión diplomática a los gobiernos de Stroessner y Belaunde (1862-1963)
Authors: Scavone Yegros Ricardo
Published: September 2024

El presente libro expone la trayectoria de esas relaciones diplomáticas durante el siglo que transcurrió desde la primera misión peruana que llegó a Asunción hasta el periodo de consolidación del largo gobierno del general Alfredo Stroessner en el Paraguay, entre los años 1954 y 1963, que coincidió con los gobiernos en el Perú de Manuel A. Odrı́a, Manuel Prado y la junta militar que entregó la presidencia a Fernando Belaunde Terry.
Ansiedad, estrés y calidad de sueño asociados a COVID-19 en universitarios del noroeste de México
Authors: Bautista Jacobo Alejandrina , Quintana Zavala Maria Olga , Vázquez Bautista Manuel Alejandro , González Lomelí Daniel
Published: September 2024

Objective: Identify the levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and sleep quality in university students in northwestern Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine their association to sociodemographic variables and questions related to COVID-19.
Materials and methods: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample of 1691 students. Online surveys were administered using Google Forms. The chi-square test (χ2), Spearman's correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used, with the approval of the ethics committee and informed consent of the participants.
Results: 38.4% of the students presented moderate anxiety and 36.5% severe anxiety. Moderate level of stress (50.1%) and poor sleep quality (65.8%) predominated. The sex variable was associated to anxiety (χ2 = 88.87, p < .001), perceived stress (χ2 = 72.34, p < .001) and poor sleep quality (χ2 = 31.26, p < .001). Logistic regression determined that students whose family income decreased because of the pandemic were at higher risk of experiencing anxiety (OR = 1.67, p =.001), stress (OR= 1.57, p =.011), and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.46).
Conclusions: More than half of the university students who participated in this study presented some level of anxiety, stress and poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the development of psychosocial mental health intervention programs aimed at university students is required.
Key words: Anxiety; Stress, Psychological; Students.
Conocimiento asociado con la práctica preventiva del cáncer de mama en estudiantes de enfermería
Authors: Ortiz Montalvo Yonathan Josué , Vega Tapia Daniela Carolina , Gonzales Paredes Maria Celeste , Ortiz Romaní Katherine Jenny
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the association between knowledge with practice and its dimensions on the prevention of breast cancer in students of the Nursing study program of the Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, 2022.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional and correlationalstudy with a total of 224 Nursing students. Self-administered questionnaires were used to measure the variables. The statistical test was binary logistic regression based on crude odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and its value of ≤ 0.05.
Results: Knowledge about breast cancer prevention (OR = 1.77 CI = 1.03 - 3.03 p = 0.038) was associated with practice about breast cancer prevention. In addition, 57.59% of the students know about the prevention of breast cancer and 54.02% presented an inadequate practice.
Conclusion: students who know the preventive measures of breast cancer practice it. In addition, a little more than half of the students know about breast cancer, but do not practice it properly. It is recommended that Nursing programs incorporate more courses on public or community health and that both women and men practice early detection measures.
Keywords: Knowledge; Breast Self-Examination; Students Nursing.
Ética y derechos humanos en el servicio hospitalario por COVID-19
Authors: Palomeque Cruz Leticia
Published: September 2024

Objective: To analyze the experiences of international organizations and the Government of Mexico in establishing recommendations to protect the human rights of users of hospital services due to COVID-19, taking into account medical ethics.
Materials and methods: This research focused on a qualitative approach, where experiences, perspectives, and approaches to ethics and human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. With this, books, scientific articles, reports and official documents of the organizations and dependencies involved were studied.
Results: In the coronavirus pandemic, health systems were forced to seek support from civil society to counter its negative effects on the economy and the protection of human rights. However, today, the task of the health sector continues, since cases of COVID-19 continue to arise, in addition, there are patients who still have sequelae and who must be treated without exclusion. So that timely, acceptable and affordable access to health services with sufficient quality continues to be privileged.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic modified the enjoyment of human rights, including the right to health, for which reason medical work was modified based on the recommendations of international organizations and governments of the three levels. In the care of the health emergency, it was essential to protect human integrity; act with respect, solidarity, empathy and reciprocity; and understanding that everyone should be cared for without discrimination, that is, with inclusion and considering the existence of vulnerable groups, basing care on medical ethics and values.
Keywords: Human rights; COVID-19; Ethics; Public politics.
Promising RNA-based therapies for viral infections, genetic disorders, and cancer
Authors: Musa Dickson Achimugu , Raji Mohammed Olumide , Sikiru Akeem Babatunde , Aremu Harun Kolawole , Aigboeghian Egbenoma Andrew
Published: September 2024

RNA-based treatments offer promising avenues for addressing various disorders by selectively targeting specific genes and pathways implicated in diseases. Central to these therapies is RNA interference (RNAi), a mechanism that enables the precise downregulation of gene expression by utilizing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to degrade target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The unparalleled selectivity of RNAi, mediated by siRNAs, significantly reduces off-target effects, making it a highly precise therapeutic tool. This article provides a comprehensive review of diverse strategies for developing RNA-based therapeutic interventions including mRNA vaccines, siRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, each offering unique mechanisms for modulating gene expression. In the context of oncology, RNA-based interventions have the potential to offer a multifaceted approach, including the suppression of oncogenes, the presentation of tumor-specific antigens through mRNA vaccines, and the targeted delivery of treatments to cancerous cells using RNA aptamers. Despite their potential, RNA-based therapies currently face significant concerns that must be addressed to maximize their effectiveness. Some of these concerns include optimizing delivery methods to ensure efficient cellular uptake, enhancing the stability and longevity of therapeutic effects on targets and mitigating unintended side effects associated with treatment. The study concludes that RNA-based therapies hold considerable promise for personalized medicine and healthcare management; however, further research is needed to overcome existing concerns. This may involve refining the chemical compositions of RNA-based therapeutic approaches, potential combination with conventional treatments, and advanced delivery technologies. Sustained progress in these areas is crucial for continued advancements and improving patient outcomes using RNA-based therapeutic solutions.
Optimal Design and Analysis of Wide-band Near-infrared Hybrid Dielectric Gratings with High Transmission Efficiency
Authors: Wang Ye , Chen Yongyi , Qin Li , Wang Lijun
Published: September 2024

Since surface relief transmission gratings have very strict requirements on operators and use environment, according to the semiconductor laser external cavity spectral beam combining system, this paper proposes a design scheme of semiconductor laser array spectral beam combining system based on grating-external cavity. The finite element approach was used to create a wideband, high-efficiency fill-in multilayer dielectric transmission grating structure for a high-power spectrum beam combining system. The incidence angle, ridge height, duty cycle, and sidewall inclination angle of the transmission grating were tuned and evaluated, and a link between the transmission grating's diffraction efficiency and grating characteristics was discovered. The calculated design of the high-power fused silica transmission grating has a negative first-order peak diffraction efficiency of 99.5% in the 800nm range. In the spectral region of 765-872 nm, the transmission grating's diffraction effectiveness exceeds 92%. The filled ultra-high diffraction efficiency multilayer dielectric transmission grating design addresses the issue of resistance to high-power lasers under complicated operating settings, it’s intended to maintain a high diffraction efficiency even after several cleaning cycles, and it’s an ideal component for high-power spectrum beam combining systems.
Association between Enteral Nutrition and the Incidence of Pneumonia in Critical Care Adults: A Literature Review
Authors: Alenazi Ahmed O. , Alharbi Mashael M , Alsaab Afnan A , Aldossary Metrek A , Khrnoob Salem T , Alzoabi Faisal Saad , Alhuwaiji Saleh M , Alzahrani Abdulhadi , Almutairi Ghazi N , Alassaf Rakan M , Alharbi Waad , Alahmadi Shouq , Aloufi Ghada A
Published: September 2024

Background: To investigate the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adult patients. Methods: An updated literature review of studies discussing between 2016 and 2023. CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science databases were used to explore studies regarding our subject, the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adults. Results: Enteral nutrition (EN) has been linked to a significant reduction in pneumonia, as well as shorter ICU or hospital stays, and decreased mechanical-ventilation duration in numerous studies. Conversely, pneumonia risk and other infections, as well as the fatality rate, has been found to increase with EN. Early initiation of EN within 48 hours, along with a low-calorie diet containing (< 600 Kcal/day) demonstrated a notable decrease in the occurrence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) when contrasted with delayed EN and a high-calorie diet. EN was associated with a marked decrease in adverse events including aspiration pneumonia, emesis, and the escalation of respiratory support. Conclusion: EN is safe and effective in critically ill patients. It is advisable for future research to investigate the monitoring of larger sample sizes to ascertain the most effective feeding methods in the intensive care unit.
Physical Activity Behaviour and Motivation During and Following Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Repeated Measures Study
Authors: Alfrey Kristie Lee , Gardner Benjamin , Judd Jenni , Askew Christopher D. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Rebar Amanda L.
Published: September 2024

Background: Exercise rehabilitation programs are important for long-term health and wellbeing among people with cardiac and pulmonary disease. De-spite this, many people struggle to maintain their physical activity once reha-bilitation ends. This repeated measures study tracked changes in physical ac-tivity behaviour and motivation during and after completing a communi-ty-based exercise rehabilitation program.
Methods: Cardiac and pulmonary exercise rehabilitation patients (N=31), com-pleted six once-monthly measures of physical activity (MET·min), self-determined motivation, intention, and habit strength for rehabilitation ex-ercise (within rehabilitation sessions) and lifestyle physical activity (outside of rehabilitation sessions). Linear regression and random effects models with es-timated marginal means were used to test for associations between physical activity motivation and behaviour and change during and post-rehabilitation.
Results: Overall physical activity decreased after rehabilitation (823 MET·min) despite patients becoming more self-determined for lifestyle physical activity during rehabilitation. More self-determined motivation, stronger intentions, and stronger habits were associated with more lifestyle physical activity be-haviour. However, none of these motivation variables were significantly asso-ciated with rehabilitation exercise behaviour.
Conclusions: Among community-based cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation patients, physical activity levels decreased following exercise rehabilitation programs. The findings revealed clear distinctions in the motivation of reha-bilitation exercise compared to lifestyle physical activity. Exercise rehabilitation programs might improve the longevity of outcomes by integrating approaches to enhance lifestyle physical activity beyond the clinic.
Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing versus Pcr Kit for Detection of COVID-19 Variants in Wastewater
Authors: Jarvie Michelle M. , Nguyen Thu N.T. , Southwell Benjamin , Wright Derek
Published: September 2024

This study explores the integration of genome sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods for tracking the diversity of Covid-19 variants in wastewater. The research focuses on monitoring various Omicron subvariants during a period of significant viral evolution. Genome sequencing, particularly using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), provides a detailed view of emerging variants, surpassing the limitations of PCR-based detection kits that rely on known sequences. This study highlights the effectiveness of combining these methodologies to enhance early detection and inform public health strategies, especially in regions with limited clinical sequencing capabilities.
ANALISIS HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENERAPAN DISPENSASI NIKAH DI PONOROGO JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Wardani Ach. Khiarul Waro Wardani
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Dispensasi dalam pernikahan merupakan usaha bagi seseorang yang menginginkan nikah tapi belum mencukupi syarat batas usia untuk menikah sebagaimana ketetapan undang-undang. Banyak potensi negatif dari pernikahan dini, seperti kasus stunting, KDRT, dan juga kemiskinan dalam perekonomian. Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 atas perubahan atas UU Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan di Indonesia, syarat nikah di Indonesia adalah minimal usia 19 tahun. Dalam pendekatan fiqh, dispensasi pernikahan menurut ulama' akan diberikan jika adanya kehamilan di luar nikah. Secara spesifik hukum Islam tidaklah melarang jika seseorang akan melangsungkan pernikahan karena memiliki hubungan di luar nikah, selama tidak mahromnya dan berkemampuan dalam tanggung jawab (dzohir dan batin). Dalam catatan kasus, ada 176 orang katagori bawah usia nikah mengajukan dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama ponorogo. Paparan data yang diberikan PA Ponorogo, banyaknya faktor yang menyebabkan meningkatnya pengajuan dispensasi nikah, seperti hamil di luar nikah. Dan adapun pertimbangan hakim dari meningkatnya pengajuan dispensasi nikah ada 3 yaitu: mepertimbangkan hukum, mempertimbangkan agama dan mempertimbangkan keadilan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pustaka (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan dan juga menganalisa bagaimana Analisis Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam Terhadap Penerapan Dispensasi Nikah Di Ponorogo.
 
Kata Kunci: Dispensasi, Pernikahan, Hukum
The effect of social capital on organic farming and its heterogeneity
Authors: Kitano Shinichi
Published: September 2024

Organic agricultural production prescribes a sustainable food supply. This contributes to global human society by ensuring human health and food security, stabilizing food production, and preventing land degradation and biodiversity loss. On the other hand, the decline of rural communities and their resources is intensifying in some developed countries, increasing the importance of collective actions to manage resources and the social capital (SC) that supports these actions. Researchers have examined the relationship between SC and the diffusion of organic farming, but the results remain unclear. This study assesses the causal impact of SC accumulation on the rate of organic farming using community data on organic farming published by the Japanese government in 2023, the instrumental variable technique, and spatial regression. The results showed that SC accumulation significantly promotes the spread of organic farming; a one standard deviation change in SC is expected to increase the organic area by approximately 7 percentage points. This indicates that networking and cooperative behavior among community members and farmers is an important factor for the spread of organic farming. Further, SC’s effect is spatially heterogeneous and much larger in mountainous areas than in plain areas. To promote organic farming indirectly through SC accumulation, context-dependent policies are needed depending on a region’s topographical and socioeconomic conditions.