bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial differentiation of housing construction in Czechia: Towards Florida's new urban crisis?
Authors: Drápela Emil
Published: June 2020

Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in interregional differences in housing prices in Czechia. These differences largely depend on the size and economic strength of the municipality or regional centre, but there exist also differences between regions. The article uses the indicator of housing construction intensity (HCI) for the twenty-two-year period 1997-2018 per 1 km2, which is processed at the level of municipalities using spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) and hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and presented in GIS. By comparing the results of both methods it was found that the interregional differences in the popularity of the Czech regions are significantly influenced by their distance to the main economic centres. On the contrary, the hypothesis that some regions with a worse environment, a higher share of the socially weak population and a low supply of above-average jobs will be the cause of the negative push effect has not been confirmed. In discussion, the current situation is compared with Richard Florida's concept of “New Urban Crisis”, to which arrival in Czechia it indirectly points to, although the initial conditions in Czechia are significantly different than in the US.
Nabídková strana lokalizace z pohledu českých měst
Authors: Sucháček Jan , Poledníková Eva , Urminský Jaroslav
Published: June 2020

Location analyses usually assess urban and regional milieu from the perspective of investors. This demand side is rather important for location processes. Nonetheless, supply side embodying spatially differentiated location factors of particular territories is significant too. The objective of the article is to show factors that towns of the Czech Republic offer to potential investors on the one hand and factors that these towns deem as relevant for investors. The article leans upon the research that was accomplished in 2019. The whole text is supported by an extensive questionnaire survey. It is worth noticing location factors towns deem important for investors differ from these that are offered by towns to investors. Among the factors provided by individual towns to potential investors, so-called soft factors of location played a relevant role. This is compliant with contemporary modernisation tendencies shaping the qualities of space.
Teritoriální marketing jako faktor regionálního rozvoje na příkladu města Curych
Authors: Herbočková Lucie
Published: June 2020

The article introduces the concept of territorial marketing and its reflection in the attractiveness of Zurich territory. Even though the process of globalization brings benefits, it also challenges the small territories to compete in the global market. Regarding regional development, the concept helps to maximize the level of the attractiveness of the city, thus economic growth. In general, territorial marketing strategies are quite successful in innovative regions, as well as cities. The primary reason for choosing such a city is precisely its innovative potential and strategy, as the city council effectively works with elements of territorial marketing and develops its territory sustainably. The article aims to analyze the relevance of the concept in the city of Zurich, applying the method of secondary data analysis. Zurich is a representative city that the implementation of the concept of territorial marketing may increase the attractiveness of the territory. The city council works effectively with important segments and knows its preferences. It uses local entrepreneurs, employees and residents, visitors, potential investors, and international companies to identify its target groups. The city's priorities are the development and cooperation of local entities, innovative activities, and attractiveness for potential external investors, which brings opportunities to the city.
The importance of cooperation of tourism organizations at the regional level
Authors: Beresecká Janka , Svetlíková Veronika
Published: June 2020

According to the results from OECD countries, the position of the tourism sector in Slovakia has been unfavourable for a long time. Tourism in Slovakia is managed in a decentralized way, which is legally and financially supported in certain forms. Support is largely conditional on cooperation. Such an example is the support of the creation and activities of regional tourism organizations. In this paper, we will examine the economic significance and justification of cooperation among entities that are members of regional tourism organizations, by determining the relationship between the number of these organizations and the amount of revenue divided into four categories at the regional level. In this work we used multiple regression and correlation analysis. Based on their results, we identified the performance of companies according to the categories of achieved revenues. The results suggest that the most productive companies are companies with revenues ranging from 100000-500000 Euros per year. The paper also offers a framework of questions for further research related to sector governance, as well as an awareness of the importance and significance of cooperation.
Analýza výsledkov komparácie subjektívnej kvality života na Slovensko-Ukrajinskom pohraničí
Authors: Tej Juraj , Vagaš Matúš , Modranský Róbert
Published: June 2020

The main goal of the presented paper is to compare the subjective quality of life on both sides of the Slovak-Ukrainian border of Schengen. The theoretical basis of the problem is focused on the quality of life as such on both sides of the Slovak-Ukrainian border of Schengen. The research sample consisted of 400 respondents, of which 200 were Slovak and 200 Ukrainian. Subsequently, with the help of the mathematical-statistical program SPSS 25, we observed statistically significant differences in the subjective opinions of the respondents. We monitored the quality of life in four areas that we had previously created (health care, unemployment, satisfaction with cultural and sports activities, transport). The results pointed to statistically significant differences in subjective opinions in the areas of health care and satisfaction with transport. Differences in areas indicate improvements in hospitals in terms of staffing and technology. In transport, road infrastructure and urban transport vehicles need to be significantly modernized.
Priestorové disparity socio-patologického javu kvality života na príklade kriminality v Bratislavskom samosprávnom kraji
Authors: Trembošová Miroslava , Dubcová Alena , Dragula Miroslav
Published: June 2020

The quality of life of the people is a broad spectrum area of scientific research. It is measured through 9 indicators, which include an indicator of physical and economic security, which includes a negative phenomenon - criminality. The aim of the paper is spatial analysis of criminality as one of the elements of quality of life in the Bratislava self-governing region (BSR) in four areas (violent, moral, property and economic), as well as a comparison of the crimes of the capital cities Bratislava and Prague. The basic tool of data processing is comparative analysis and techniques in GIS and Excel programs. Most criminal acts in Slovakia are committed in BSR and in Bratislava. The highest number is recorded in property crime, especially car robbery committed and car theft. 18.6% of all criminal offences in Slovakia were committed in BSR (69,635 in 2016). 56.7% were cleared up and only 43% in BSR. Although the Czech capital, Prague, has a population three times bigger than Bratislava, it has only two times larger amount of crimes per 1,000 inhabitants. In recount of 1,000 inhabitants Bratislava exceeds Prague in violent crime, which we consider to be a serious socio-pathological phenomenon of society which reflects in the quality of life of its inhabitants.
Zdraví obyvatelstva v okresech hospodářsky problémových regionů
Authors: Štercová Jana , Hübelová Dana , Kozumplíková Alice , Floková Ludmila
Published: June 2020

Health is considered to be a crucial factor of regional development and competitiveness. The main goal of the article is to evaluate selected public health factors in economically problematic areas in the Czech Republic in the years 2007 and 2016. A total of 14 indicators in four thematic areas were selected: 1) mortality structure (mortality from circulatory, respiratory and digestive system diseases, neoplasms and external causes), 2) sickness rate (average time of incapacity for work, hospitalized and treated diabetics), 3) reproduction health (total fertility, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality) and 4) medical intervention (the proportion of physicians, general practitioners for adults and general practitioners for children and adolescents). A composite indicator for year 2007 and 2016 was established in each area and each district. The highest value of the indicators sum was proved in Znojmo district, on the other hand, the least favourable situation was detected in the district of Teplice. In districts, where a lower values of indicator was determined, a high accrual in treated diabetics dominates, and most of the districts also show growth in death from circulatory system diseases. The results proved, that it is necessary to pay attention to public health factors not only in its complexity, but also on the basis of component indicators, which can significantly influence the health quality.
Potenciál rozvoja sociálneho podnikania v treťom sektore na Slovensku
Authors: Chreneková Marcela , Klapková Adriána , Svetlíková Veronika
Published: June 2020

The development of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia was accelerated by the adoption of a new law on its support in 2018. Most of the 123 registered social enterprises have the legal form of a business company, they are of integration enterprises type and the founders are mainly municipalities. Third sector organizations are not active enough in setting up social enterprises. The aim of the paper is to find out what are the barriers and potential for the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector. Primary and secondary data sources were used in the work. The survey method was used for characteristic of social entrepreneurship, the awareness of municipalities and third sector organizations about the social economy and barriers to the establishment of social enterprises in third sector organizations. The biggest barrier to the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector is unsystematic funding, the complexity of compliance with rules and regulations and the absence of mapping the needs of disadvantaged groups. There are 2 types of entities with the potential to establish a social enterprise, namely non-profit organizations providing services of general interest and civic associations. They are prerequisites for the establishment of a social enterprise because they employ a relatively high number of disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and are engaged in public benefit activities that can be the subject of generating profits in social enterprise. The awareness of third sector organizations about social entrepreneurship is much higher compared to municipalities, but they feel barriers to the establishment of a social enterprise.
Regionální rozdíly v dárcovství firem na území Česka
Authors: Halada Marek
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to examine regional and industrial differentiation in the rate of corporate giving in the period 2002-2016. The methodology consists of calculating the ratios between the variables – donors, the number of legal entities in regions and territorial branches of tax offices. The highest donor ratios were found in the Zlín, Pardubice, and Moravian-Silesian Region, the lowest in the capital city of Prague and the Karlovy Vary Region. At microregional level the highest donor ratios were found in the eastern parts of Bohemia and Moravia, while south-western Bohemian regions and southern Moravian regions showed lower numbers. Major cities (Praha, Brno, Ostrava) scored lower than their suburban areas, which may be due to the tendency of some entities to move to the centres in an effort to escape the reach of the tax inspections. This phenomenon, on the other hand, is not so evident in smaller regional centres. This paper confirms that the number of donors (or donor ratio) in the regions remains stable over time, but it is responsive to the external shocks (floods 2002, economic crisis 2008).
Community cinemas in urban regeneration: a case study of cinema Úsmev in Košice
Authors: Tóthová Barbora , Šebová Miriam
Published: June 2020

The paper is focused on the role of cinemas in culture-led urban regeneration, their potential in the process of place-making and community building. Existing research has shown that there is a link between social and spatial identities based on small town cinemas and that community needs to be at the centre of the regeneration process for it to be sustainable. The paper follows the debate with its objective being to explore this link using a mixed method approach based on a case study. The case study deals with a local community cinema project located in the centre of Košice, Slovakia. It started the process of cinema restoration in 2015 and reflected the collective aspirations of urban inhabitants for the cinema’s survival. The findings conclude that the cinema is an active social actor and cultural asset in the neighbourhood and contributes to the development of a vital and inclusive community. On the other hand, it opens up the debate on the Slovak Audiovisual policies and cinema situation across Slovak districts as potential for further research.
It is not a region as a region and diversity among them. Comparison of competitiveness of new and traditional hegemons
Authors: Staníčková Michaela , Fojtíková Lenka
Published: June 2020

In the past decades, the developing economies in Asia registered a higher growth rate than other world regions. Considering the increasing importance of economic growth in the competitive world, all countries possess development threats as well as opportunities. Use these options enough and hence increase competitiveness must be efficient enough. Therefore, the external environment is indispensable to Asia’s development and prosperity, where the openness and competition among different Asian economies would promote economic development efficiency. The aim of the paper is to employ the Data Envelopment Analysis method for comparing the productivity level and efficiency changes of countries from the Asian region in comparison with the traditional Western economic hegemons. We apply this approach to a real data set involving 56 states within the factors of competitiveness based on the World Economic Forum approach in reference period 2007-2018, i.e. pre-in-post crisis years. From an economic development perspective, the Asian region remains to be the core of global economic growth. Globalisation is indispensable to the development and prosperity in all multi-factorial aspects of competitiveness.
A multivariate cross-national European regression analysis of Ecological Footprint
Authors: Tóthová Dominika
Published: June 2020

This empirical study provides evidence of the most critical human´s activities on environmental degradation expressed by the Ecological Footprint indicator. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the selected data from statistics of economy and finance, land cover and use, population and social condition, tourism, agriculture, international trade, transport and environment and energy on the variance of the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita in the countries of the European Union. Using the multivariate regression analysis, I examined the significant predictors of differences in the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita. As the best explanatory regression coefficients of the model were estimated exports of goods and services in % of GDP, participation in tourism for personal purposes per capita and percentage share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption.
Thinking Through the Cross
Authors: Spinks Casey ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

Martin Luther has given little explicit influence on philosophy, and in 1950 Jaroslav Pelikan called for further work into investigating a ‘Lutheran philosophy.’ The beginning of this work lies in Luther’s Heidelberg Disputation, in which he attacks the method of scholasticism and counters with the method of truly Christian theology, a theologia crucis. Such counter, this article argues, entails a shift in Christian philosophizing, a shift that sharply distinguishes between God and man and yet, through this distinction, as Luther asserts, allows one to “call the thing what it actually is”—and thus leads to a truly Christian philosophy.
God the Object, Sign, and Interpretant
Authors: Rohr David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

The central thesis of this essay is that the relation imagined to hold between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit corresponds quite closely with the triadic relationship that holds between object, sign, and interpretant, respectively, within C. S. Peirce’s conception of semiosis. Section 1 introduces Peirce’s conception of semiosis. Section 2 supports the main thesis through examination of descriptions of the Trinitarian relations in two classic Christian texts: The New Testament and The Catechism of the Catholic Church. Section 3 reviews two alternative explanations of this surprising correlation: Andrew Robinson’s vestigia Trinitatis explanation and a naturalistic alternative.
Hipertexto sobre História da Ciência: recurso auxiliar para aulas de Física
Authors: Bulegon Ana Marli , Casonatto Daiane Carla
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo, relata parte da pesquisa desenvolvida pelas autoras no âmbito do curso de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física, no ano de 2015. Apresenta uma análise do uso do Hipertexto, inserido no Moodle, enquanto Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA), como um recurso auxiliar para as aulas de Física. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi verificar as contribuições do Hipertexto, para o Ensino de Física na abordagem do tema História da Ciência (HC). Participaram da pesquisa os discentes do sétimo período do curso de Física Licenciatura Plena, modalidade Parfor, de uma instituição de ensino na cidade de Chapecó/SC. No hipertexto fez-se uso de links para acesso a vídeos, simulações, textos, entre outros e o mesmo foi disponibilizado aos participantes no Moodle. Como resultado foi possível verificar a motivação dos participantes em buscar mais conhecimentos sobre o tema HC, além de aprender formas diferenciadas de utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no Ensino de Física.
A influência do uso e ocupação da terra na qualidade das águas da Bacia Hidrográfica Pedrinhas, Guarulhos (SP)
Authors: Vargas Reinaldo Romero , Arruda Regina de Oliveira Moraes , Lemos José Guido , Saad Antonio Roberto , Oliveira Ana Paula Garcia
Published: June 2020

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo investigar através de uma análise espaço-temporal de que maneira os diferentes usos e cobertura da terra afetam a qualidade dos recursos hídricos da Bacia Hidrográfica Pedrinhas (BHP), uma pequena bacia hidrográfica com características urbano-industrial, localizada no município de Guarulhos (SP). A qualidade ambiental da BHP foi realizada frente aos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológico da água, Índice de Qualidade de Água (IQA) e mapa de uso e ocupação da terra. As coletas e análise das águas foram realizadas no período entre dez/16 e out/17 em cinco pontos de coleta ao longo do córrego Pedrinhas. A BHP apresentou 72% de área urbanizada (residências e industrias), e apenas 17% de área com vegetação. A qualidade da água (IQA) mostrou boa qualidade para uma das nascentes, no entanto, para os demais pontos a qualidade da água variou de ruim a péssima, demonstrando intensas ações antrópicas e consequentemente uma degradação ambiental da área estudada. Medidas corretivas e preventivas como proteção e recuperação de matas ciliares, coleta e tratamento de esgoto doméstico e industrial, educação ambiental com foco no descarte de resíduos urbanos, certamente contribuirão para uma melhoria da qualidade ambiental da região.
Plants from the Brazilian Cerrado with antimycobacterial effect
Authors: Cardoso Franciano Dias Pereira , Santos Marcio Galdino dos , Albuquerque Sergio de , Carneiro Zumira Aparecida , Bertolin Aparecido Osdimir
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis constitutes a serious public health problem because it has multi-resistant forms that require treatment that is both difficult and extensive. There is a need to develop new antimycobacterial compounds, and plants represent a source of therapeutic resources. This study analyzed antimycobacterial action in eight extracts from plants found in the Brazilian Cerrado. The results showed significant inhibitory concentrations in relation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially from the extracts of Apuleia molaris and Ouratea spectabilis, both of which presented reduced cytotoxic effects. Fractionation revealed a hexane fraction of A. molaris with significant and promising activity regarding future in vivo assays.
pH values and presence of Escherichia coli in human water supply in an area of intense swine activity
Authors: Cadoná Eliana Aparecida , Rampinelli Eduarda Carvalho , Bueno Alcenir Claudio , Tieppo Andrei Lucas Bez , Soares Claudio Roberto Fonseca Sousa , Souza Eduardo Lorensi de , Ferreira Guilherme Wilbert , Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério
Published: June 2020

Intensive swine activity in Santa Catarina presents itself as an environmental problem related to the management of the manure generated by this activity. Thus, it is usual to apply the waste in agricultural areas near the units of production of pigs, however, this practice when carried out without technical recommendation can cause soil and water sources pollution and/or contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH values and E. coli presence in water sources in a region with intense swine activity in the State of Santa Catarina. Lentic and lotic water sources were evaluated in four rural properties and in the Coruja River, in the watershed of Coruja/Bonito River, in the municipality of Braço do Norte/SC, being that the pH values in water and the presence and quantification of thermotolerant coliforms, represented by the bacteria Escherichia coli, throught CONOMA resolution nº357/2005. The pH values were below the minimum limit established by the legislation and, for the bacteriological evaluation, the study points were below the limit established by the legislation also. However, the presence of these microrganisms indicates the constant arrival of material of enteric origin.
Urban solid waste in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul state
Authors: Hoss Louise , Santos Natali Rodrigues dos , Demarco Carolina Faccio , Dall' Agnol Ana Luiza Bertani , Loebens Larissa , Quadro Maurizio Silveira , Andreazza Robson , Corrêa Érico Kunde
Published: June 2020

The National Solid Waste Policy creates tools for the correct management of waste, such as municipal solid waste management plans. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the generation of municipal solid waste and public management policies in municipalities in the Southern Zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Fourteen municipalities were analyzed, where the data of urban and rural population, population served, amount of annual waste collection, annual per capita generation, amount of recycled waste and the final disposal site of the wastes were collected. The municipality with the lowest percentage of collection coverage was Pedras Altas with a value of 35.1% and the highest was Pelotas, with a value of 96.55% collection coverage. Only 50% of the municipalities analyzed have an agreement with recycling cooperatives or associations. The city of Morro Redondo has the highest recycling rate, of 16.25%. Regarding the final disposal, most of the municipalities carry out the outsourcing of this service, and only the municipality of Chuí has its own sanitary landfill.
Essential oil yield and composition of native species of the Myrtaceae family from “Campos Gerais” of the Atlantic Forest in Parana State
Authors: Silva Luiz Everson da , Amaral Wanderlei do , Deschamps Cícero , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Bizzo Humberto Ribeiro , Pinto Marco Antonio Silva
Published: June 2020

This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The sample collections for essential oil extraction, photographic records and herbarium specimen’s preparation for botanical species identification were made at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNP) Butuguara in Palmeira (PR), with “Campos Gerais” formations.  Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes, being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species
Um estudo sobre os sentidos do trabalho para os agricultores familiares a partir da pluriatividade
Authors: Virgolin Isadora Wayhs Cadore , Hillig Clayton , Froehlich José Marcos
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo trata-se da pluriatividade a partir de um estudo realizado com onze agricultores familiares que conciliam a atividade agrícola com a atividade de reciclagem na Cooperativa de Recicladores Orgânicos e Inorgânicos, situada na zona rural do município de Santa Cecília do Sul na região nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo geral do estudo foi analisar o sentido do trabalho para os agricultores familiares pluriativos, tomando em consideração a vinculação destes à Cooperativa. A pesquisa se caracterizou como qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados demonstraram que o ambiente social a que se integram os agricultores vem sofrendo transformações significativas oferecendo alternativas de trabalho, às quais os agricultores se engajam, redimensionando as condições de reprodução social. Verificou-se que a conciliação do trabalho agrícola com outra atividade tem engendrado novos sentidos do trabalho para o agricultor. Estes sentidos extrapolam o aspecto econômico, relacionando-se ao âmbito das relações familiares, da sociabilidade, dos papéis sociais, da autonomia dos trabalhadores, da função social das atividades de trabalho entre outros. Também se evidencia pelo pesquisador um sentido negativo da atividade laboral para os sujeitos em função da sobrecarga de trabalho.
Análise econômico-financeira da produção leiteira: um estudo de caso no Centro-Oeste mineiro
Authors: Couto Marília Jaqueline , Dos Reis Janderson Damaceno , Lima André Luis Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso em uma propriedade rural no município de Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais. Seu objetivo foi avaliar econômico e financeiramente a atividade leiteira da empresa. Para atingir esse objetivo foi feito um levantamento de custos e despesas, bem como de receitas durante o ano de 2011. Posteriormente, foram elaborados o Demonstrativo do Resultado do Exercício e o Balanço Patrimonial. A partir dessas informações foi possível realizar o cálculo e analisar indicadores financeiros, a saber: endividamento, rentabilidade, lucratividade, liquidez e solvência. Mediante as análises dos indicadores financeiros, o estudo apontou que a propriedade rural remunera seu proprietário, porém as atividades operacionais apresentam uma rentabilidade do patrimônio líquido, abaixo de investimentos como a caderneta de poupança. Deve-se ressaltar que apesar da baixa rentabilidade gerada pelas operações da fazenda, parte do patrimônio do proprietário, especificamente as terras, vem sofrendo valorização, dada a localização da propriedade rural. Diante do diagnóstico, foram apresentadas propostas de melhorias para auxiliar no planejamento e execução da atividade.
O debate da sustentabilidade e as ações ambientais no âmbito da Rede Leite
Authors: Kohler Romualdo , Peroni Neimar Damian , Burtet Dejair Antonio , Saturno Camila , Maturana André Vinicios Koltermann
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma concisa revisão teórica a respeito da sustentabilidade e do meio ambiente, para contribuir com o debate de pesquisadores, extensionistas e produtores ligados a projetos de pesquisa, que visam à reflexão e a construção de propostas de atuação, no âmbito da organização da pequena propriedade rural. O segundo intento é abordar alguns pontos ligados ao uso do meio ambiente, em um número determinado de propriedades leiteiras, localizadas na Região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que são objeto da intercessão da política pública de apoio à produção, denominada Programa Rede Leite. A investigação indicou que é necessário suplantar a análise disciplinar constatada nos encaminhamentos da Rede Leite, avançando para uma análise mais sistêmica, inter-relacionando as áreas de conhecimento, para discutir as questões ambientais que afetam a situação dos produtores e a vida de forma geral.
Cárcere e maternidade: a dupla penalização de mães e filhos
Authors: Denardin Marcela Giuliani , Budó Marília de Nardin , Köhler Natalia Selma
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo reflete acerca da relação entre cárcere e maternidade, com foco nos objetivos declarados e objetivos reais da prisão de mulheres no Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, buscou-se compreender o conceito de gênero e sua influência na atuação do sistema de controle penal, identificando na análise da legislação da execução penal as determinações sobre o convívio entre a mãe encarcerada e seus filhos, no contraponto à realidade de sua inaplicação. Para tanto, a pesquisa parte do método dialético, tendo em vista a compreensão estrutural na qual o objeto está inserido, onde o encarceramento feminino funciona como uma forma de controle dos corpos de mulheres que descumprem as determinações do papel de mãe socialmente aceito. Apesar da extensa legislação acerca do tema, a sua não aplicação na realidade dos cárceres brasileiros não se deve a uma mera deficiência ou ineficiência da estrutura prisional, mas sim de objetivos não declarados de reprodução da estrutura patriarcal a partir da dupla penalização da mulher.
A igreja católica do século XVI sobre o indígena latino-americano: sujeito de direitos?
Authors: Miranda Pedro Fauth Manhães , Tarabauca Neto Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Os Estados português e espanhol do século XVI eram fervorosamente católicos, de modo que refletiam o caráter histórico da Igreja de então, expressando a catolicidade em seu sentido original, o qual tem como bases a universalidade e o elemento pentecostal daquela crença. Este último traduz-se na necessidade de pregação da palavra católica aos quatro cantos do mundo, promovendo a salvação das almas. Numa conexão, por vezes simbiótica e noutras antagônica, entre tais fatores religiosos e os objetivos imperialistas destas nações, o fato inegável é que surge um fértil desenvolvimento teórico acerca da natureza do ser indígena, questionando-o como sujeito de direitos ou não. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo é demonstrar o debate surgido, no século XVI, a partir de tal conjuntura, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais pensadores da época, quais sejam: Antonio de Montesinos, Francisco de Vitória, Bartolomé de Las Casas e Juan Ginés Sepúlveda. Os resultados demonstram que a presente discussão promoveu um desenvolvimento sobre a noção dos direitos naturais, posteriormente retomada quando das revoluções burguesas dos séculos seguintes. Ademais, há uma ressonância óbvia desta contenda sobre a atualidade, transmitindo dos indígenas para os refugiados o questionamento sobre serem ou não sujeitos de direitos. Portanto, apesar de seu surgimento há mais de quatro séculos, a temática em questão possui uma necessidade de ser revisitada, o que se pretende realizar por meio do trabalho a seguir.
Treaties with indigenous peoples in Canada – a not so serious essay
Authors: Moreira Felipe Kern
Published: June 2020

In contemporary Public International Law, the term ‘treaties’ has a precise meaning: it means “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law” . Therefore, some may think that contemporary sovereign states understand the legal concept of a treaty is different from the historical context in which the Indigenous People of Canada negotiated those constitutive rights with the British Crown.  In Canada, there are several different treaties with Indigenous Peoples regarding different sorts of rights. The case of the treaties with the First Nations of Canada is a matter of searching for fairness. In the transition from colonial North America to modern Canada, the full meaning of the treaties with the Indigenous Nations was at least subverted. This statement is not a moral judgment; it is a legal as well as political issue ipso facto.
Mercosul social e participativo: uma revisão das normativas e instâncias criadas
Authors: Gomide Junior Natanael
Published: June 2020

No início dos anos 2000, as consequências econômicas do neoliberalismo, associadas a uma “virada à esquerda” nos governos sul-americanos, proporcionou que questões sociais e políticas ganhassem protagonismo na agenda política regional do Mercosul em detrimento dos assuntos meramente comerciais, tema que pautou o despertar do bloco regional. Para incorporar as novas questões, como os direitos sociais, direitos humanos e a participação social, inúmeras normativas e instâncias foram criadas. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão sobre as principais normativas e instâncias criadas, com enfoque especial para a questão participativa. Para atingir a este objetivo, recorremos à revisão bibliográfica da literatura especializada e à análise documental. A partir da análise, podemos identificar que o Mercosul trilhou relativamente um curto caminho na implementação de mecanismos participativos para atores não-estatais, já que inúmeros órgãos e instâncias contam com mecanismos participativos institucionalizados, não obstante, as críticas e as necessidades de aperfeiçoamento.
Perspectives ethnolinguistiques sur une population francophone du Nord-Est ontarien
Authors: Boissonneault Julie
Published: June 2020

Comme sujet de sa troisième étude dans nos Cahiers Charlevoix, Julie Boissonneault a choisi d’explorer le fonds d’histoire orale, constitué par Gaétan Gervais et ses collaborateurs à l’été 1979, destiné à consigner les témoignages de pionniers franco-ontariens du Nord-Est établis entre Mattawa et Elliot Lake. Après un premier et nécessaire traitement des 230 entretiens pour assurer la sauvegarde des enregistrements de la collection, on a pu lancer l’opération de transcription. Pour ce premier essai, l’auteure a retenu 76 des 140 entretiens présentement accessibles. Elle les examine dans une perspective ethnolinguistique, qui conjugue la présentation ethnographique des discours tenus et la présentation des faits langagiers dans lesquels ils sont énoncés. La langue est ainsi mise de l’avant en tant que vecteur d’un « patrimoine culturel immatériel » : les mots de la langue commune et ceux des savoir-faire professionnels et artisanaux témoignent d’un groupe culturel donné, d’une époque précise et d’une région particulière, car les informateurs, témoins privilégiés de l’établissement de la région, y parlent de leur vécu. Cette analyse rend hommage au travail de notre regretté collègue en révélant toute la richesse d’un corpus qui sommeillait depuis quatre décennies ; la lecture de linguiste que pratique Julie Boissonneault laisse déjà entrevoir les réflexions futures que des ethnologues, des historiens, des sociologues ou des géographes voudront peut-être en tirer.
Frères, repoussoirs ou étrangers ? La « diaspora » francophone dans la conscience historique des intellectuels et militants nationalistes du Québec : l’exemple de L’Action nationale (1970-1995)
Authors: Bock Michel
Published: June 2020

En dernier lieu, Michel Bock aborde un sujet encore peu étudié : la conception que se sont faite les nationalistes québécois des minorités francophones au lendemain des États généraux du Canada français jusqu’au second référendum sur la souveraineté du Québec (1970-1995). Les historiens présentent souvent la Révolution tranquille comme le moment au cours duquel l’ancienne conception « diasporique » de la « nation canadienne-française » se serait définitivement éteinte, renvoyant le Québec et les minorités francophones dos à dos. Pour vérifier cette assertion, il examine la place que ces minorités occupent dans la revue mensuelle L’Action nationale, l’un des principaux porte-étendard du mouvement nationaliste québécois. L’analyse de la représentation des Franco-Ontariens, des Acadiens et des autres composantes de l’Amérique française dans la conscience historique des nationalistes québécois donne des résultats parfois étonnants et montre que ces communautés ont continué, pendant toute la période à l’étude, de représenter un enjeu symbolique de première importance pour eux. Si les uns concevaient le Québec comme le foyer d’une nation transfrontalière chargé de responsabilités plus ou moins lourdes envers la « diaspora », les autres en viendraient, quoique beaucoup plus tardivement, à le concevoir comme une collectivité « neuve » ayant rompu avec la conscience historique du Canada français et « exculturé » les communautés francophones situées à l’extérieur de ses frontières. Ainsi, la représentation que l’on se faisait des groupes francophones minoritaires, tantôt « consubstantiels » au Québec, tantôt « étrangers », oscillait entre différents pôles traduisant l’existence d’un vif débat sur le type d’action politique et d’intégration nationale qu’il lui fallait privilégier.
A new large canopy-dwelling species ofPhyllodytesWagler, 1930 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Dias Iuri R. , Novaes-e-Fagundes Gabriel , Neto Antonio Mollo , Zina Juliana , Garcia Caroline , Recoder Renato Sousa , Vechio Francisco Dal , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut , Solé Mirco
Published: June 2020

The known diversity of treefrogs of the genusPhyllodyteshas rapidly increased in recent years, currently comprising 14 species. Recent field work in the Atlantic Rainforest of the state of Bahia lead to the discovery of a new large species ofPhyllodyteswhich is herein described based on multiple evidence including morphological, acoustical and genetic data.Phyllodytessp. nov. is one of the largest species within the genus and presents immaculate yellowish dorsum and limbs. The advertisement call of the species is composed of 7–31 notes (half pulsed/pulsatile-half harmonic) with frequency-modulated harmonics.Phyllodytessp. nov. has a karyotype of 2n = 22 chromosomes, as also found in other species of the genus. Genetic distance values of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA amongPhyllodytessp. nov. and its congeners range between 6.4 to 10.2%. The description of another new species for this state reinforces the need for further taxonomic work withPhyllodytesin this region that has been revealed as a priority area for research and conservation of this genus.
Assessing bias in demographic estimates from joint live and dead encounter models
Authors: Weegman Mitch D. , Wilson Scott , Alisauskas Ray T. , Kellett Dana K.
Published: June 2020

Joint encounter (JE) models estimate demographic rates using live recapture and dead recovery data. The extent to which limited recapture or recovery data can hinder estimation in JE models is not completely understood. Yet limited data are common in ecological research. We designed a series of simulations using Bayesian multistate JE models that spanned a large range of potential recapture probabilities (0.01–0.90) and two reported mortality probabilities (0.10, 0.19). We calculated bias by comparing estimates against known probabilities of survival, fidelity and reported mortality. We explored whether sparse data (i.e., recapture probabilities <0.02) compromised inference about survival by comparing estimates from dead recovery (DR) and JE models using an 18-year data set from a migratory bird, the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens caerulescens). Our simulations showed that bias in probabilities of survival, fidelity and reported mortality was relatively low across a large range of recapture probabilities, except when recapture and reported mortality probabilities were both lowest. While bias in fidelity probability was similar across all recapture probabilities, the root mean square error declined substantially with increased recapture probabilities for reported mortality probabilities of 0.10 or 0.19, as expected. In our case study, annual survival probabilities for adult female snow geese were similar whether estimated with JE or DR models, but more precise from JE models than those from DR models. Thus, our simulated and empirical data suggest acceptably minimal bias in survival, fidelity or reported mortality probabilities estimated from JE models. Even a small amount of recapture information provided adequate structure for JE models, except when reported mortality probabilities were <0.10. Thus, practitioners with limited recapture data should not be discouraged from use of JE models. We recommend that ecologists incorporate other data types as frequently as analytically possible, since precision of focal parameters is improved, and additional parameters of interest can be estimated.
Lateralized alpha oscillations are irrelevant for the behavioral retro-cueing benefit in visual working memory
Authors: Mössing Wanja A. , Busch Niko A.
Published: June 2020

The limited capacity of visual working memory (vWM) necessitates the efficient allocation of available resources by prioritizing relevant over irrelevant items. Retro-cues, which inform about the future relevance of items after encoding has already finished, can improve the quality of memory representations of the relevant items. A candidate mechanism of this retro-cueing benefit is lateralization of neural oscillations in the alpha-band, but its precise role is still debated. The relative decrease of alpha power contralateral to the relevant items has been interpreted as supporting inhibition of irrelevant distractors or as supporting maintenance of relevant items. Here, we aimed at resolving this debate by testing how the magnitude of alpha-band lateralization affects behavioral performance: does stronger lateralization improve the precision of the relevant memory or does it reduce the biasing influence of the irrelevant distractor? We found that it does neither: while the data showed a clear retro-cue benefit and a biasing influence of non-target items as well as clear cue-induced alpha-band lateralization, the magnitude of this lateralization was not correlated with any performance parameter. This finding may indicate that alpha-band lateralization, which is typically observed in response to mnemonic cues, indicates an automatic shift of attention that only coincides with, but is not directly involved in mnemonic prioritization.
A study of the interplay effect for VMAT SBRT using a four‐axes motion phantom
Authors: Leste Jermey , Medjahed Imene , Arnaud François‐Xavier , Ferrand Regis , Franceries Xavier , Bardies Manuel , Simon Luc
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) when treating moving targets (such as lung or liver lesions), focusing on the impact of the interplay effect in the event of complex breathing motion and when a gating window is used.

Methods

A dedicated programmable motion platform was implemented. This platform can carry large quality assurance (QA) phantoms and achieve complex three‐dimensional (3D) motion. Volumetric modulated arc therapy SBRT plans were delivered with TrueBeam linac to this moving setup and the measured dose was compared to the computed one. Several parameters were assessed such as breathing period, dose rate, dose prescription, shape of the breathing pattern, the use of a planning target volume (PTV) margin, and the use of a gating window.

Results

Loss of dose coverage (D95%) was acceptable in most situations. The doses received by 95% of the CTV, D95% (

) ranged from 94 to 101% (mean 98%) and the doses received by 2% of the CTV D2% (

) ranged from 94% to 110% of the prescribed dose. A visible interplay effect was observed when no margin was used or when the number of breathing cycles during the treatment delivery was lower than 20.

Conclusions

In our clinical context, treating lung and liver lesions using VMAT SBRT is reasonable. The interplay effect was moderated and acceptable in all simulated situations.
Embracing complexity in research on learning from examples and from problem solving
Authors: Scheiter Katharina
Published: June 2020

This contribution is a commentary to a special issue titled “Example‐based learning: New theoretical perspectives and advances to a contemporary instructional approach” published in Applied Cognitive Psychology (2020). In the commentary, the presented research is discussed with respect to three extensions compared with previous research, namely, theoretical frameworks, learning scenarios and domains. It concludes with some suggestions for methodological advancements.
Modeling of White Layer Thickness in Combined Deformational Processing by Drawing with Torsion of High‐Carbon Steel Wire
Authors: Polyakova Marina A. , Gulin Aleksandr E. , Stolyarov Alexey Yu.
Published: June 2020

White layer which is formed on the contact surface between a wire and a die depends on deformation conditions. The aim herein is to obtain the model for the assessment of white layer thickness which is formed in the combined deformational processing by drawing with torsion in high‐carbon 0.7%C steel wire. Finite‐element modelling is used to predict the thickness of the white layer. A series of experiments in the combined deformational processing of high‐carbon steel wire is conducted at different deformational conditions. Using the quantitative coefficient of anisotropy that characterizes the shape of grains, the thickness of white layer is measured. It is found that the theoretical prediction of white layer thickness matches with experimental data. In addition, the mechanical properties of the processed carbon steel wire are studied by the tensile test.
Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkyne‐Containing α‐Diazoacetates for the Synthesis of Cycloalkynes
Authors: Zeng Qian , He Ciwang , Zhou Su , Dong Kuiyong , Qiu Lihua , Xu Xinfang
Published: June 2020

An efficient dirhodium(II)‐catalyzed macrocyclization reaction of alkyne‐containing diazoacetates through intramolecular metal carbene cyclopropanation is described. This method provides a variety of 12‐ to 22‐membered macrocyclic alkynes, which incorporate ortho‐aryl, cyclopropane, and cyclopropene units, in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.

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