bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documentation of Ethno - Veterinary Practices used for Treatments of Different Ailments in Garhwal Himalayan Region
Authors: Arun Bhatt  , Piyusha Singh  , Vineet Kumar  , Mamta Baunthiyal
Published: October 2024

This study aims to document information about ethanobotanical information of plant used by the people for the treatment of livestock in different parts of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. The documentation of biodiversity and its traditional use(s) by the local inhabitant of this region have assumed priority due to the rampant loss of biodiversity, the increasing patent wars on bio-resources. Traditional use of plant and plant resources has a long history in Uttarakhand and its use is rapidly increasing due to having no side effects, easily available at affordable prices and some time only available to the poor especially in remote regions of Garhwal region. The methods employed during the present study were designed with the sole purpose of eliciting the precious wealth of information on the ethno-veterinary uses of medicinal plants by the people of Garhwal region. Field surveys were conducted in the various thickly populated live-stocks rich places of Garhwal region between 2007-11.Key informants were identified after preliminary discussion with the people. Information on ethanobotanical uses of the plants was collected by interviewing key informants of the community using a semi-structured open –ended questionnaire. Usually, the elderly and experienced members of the society, locally known as ‘Vaidyas’,were interviewed.Often,they were accompanied to the field for the identification of plant species used and their preferred habitats. All the relevant information, in particular the mode of preparation, method of use and dosage of each medicinal plant species was recorded. Echno-veterinary practices used by the people are interesting, and have been practiced since long back. In general bleeding, foot and mouth disease, gastrointestinal helminthiasis, mange, myiasis, pain, pediculosis, pneumonia, tick infestation and uterine prolapsed were ten common conditions/ailments of animals for which traditional ethno-veterinary prescriptions are usually being used in the area. The data generated by this study will be helpful for making the maximum and sustainable use of plants as well as animal resources. The disappearance of these practices will not only affect poor villagers and their livestock but also be a permanent loss of our culture, heritage and biodiversity .It is finally hoped that ethno-veterinary practices will be useful to the Department of Animal Husbandry, extension workers, scientists, and policy makers in their efforts towards sustainable livestock farming system and might be able to offer a broader range of animal healthcare options in the different regions of Garhwal Himalaya.
Reclaiming Agency Through Conversation: Life Narrative Interviews of German-speaking Jews in Israel
Authors: Mahla Daniel
Published: October 2024

abstract: During the 1990s and 2000s, various authors published collections of oral interviews with Israeli Jews who had been born in German-speaking countries, known as Yekkes . The use of oral testimonies for systematic historical research presents several methodological challenges. However, the Yekke interviews provide a captivating glimpse into a world that no longer exists. This paper explores whether and how historians can use such collections in their work. These oral history interviews, I argue, offer a rare perspective on how Yekkes negotiate their belonging and loyalty between Germany and Israel, between Germanness and Israeliness.
Long-Term Association Between Parental Warmth and Social-Emotional Well-Being for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Stoffers Melissa , Kelly Cara L. , Whitaker Anamarie , Barnes Tia Navelene
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Consistent evidence points to the importance of the early childhood home environment for children's concurrent and subsequent development. Yet little is known about the long-term association between parental warmth in early childhood and children's social-emotional well-being in late childhood for children with and without disabilities. To explore these long-term relationships, we conducted a study using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation project. Our results suggest that parental warmth in early childhood is associated with children's, but not teachers', reports of child social-emotional well-being in fifth grade. Additionally, greater levels of parental warmth in early childhood were negatively associated with parent-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior in fifth grade for children with disabilities. Our results indicate that targeted parenting programs through early childhood programs and early intervention services may be an important resource for families with young children with disabilities.
Time-division achromatic imaging method for a liquid crystal lens
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Liu Zhiqiang , Feng Wenbin , Ye Mao
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a feasible time-division achromatic imaging method to improve image quality. We investigate the dependence of focal length on wavelength, which presents as the chromatic aberration when imaging. Next, by changing the driving voltages, color lights are tuned to have the same focal length and focused on the same point. The image of each light is obtained by digital image processing, and the chromatic aberration corrected image is also obtained. The experiments show this method has indeed improved the image quality, providing, to our knowledge, a new and effective solution for correcting the chromatic aberration of an imaging system using a liquid crystal lens.
Sub-nm precise measurement of adhesive gaps by imaging interferometry
Authors: Schödel René , Ernst Hans-Henning , Walkov Alexander , Grossmann Jan
Published: October 2024

Adhesives are often used to bond optical components such as mirrors or lenses in high-precision applications. Adhesives absorb moisture in air or release it in vacuum, which is accompanied by expansion or shrinkage, respectively. In this paper, it is proposed to use absolute length measuring imaging interferometry as a method for adhesive gaps with sub-nm accuracy. The method is based on the idea that an adhesive gap is measured as part of an overall length that includes the adhesive gap and the length of a test specimen. For this purpose, a test specimen of known length is bonded to an end plate. A major advantage of the method is that the thickness of the gap can be measured over any period. Test specimens are made of ULE, with very good parallelism of the adhesive gaps when glued to the end plate, which is ensured by an autocollimation setup. Measurements on samples with adhesive gap are carried out in PTB’s precision interferometer and show shrinkage in vacuum over several years and temporary swelling when water vapor of approximately 10 hPa is injected to vacuum, which, in air, corresponds to a relative humidity of approximately 42% at 20°C. Measurement results for the common adhesive 3M Scotch-Weld DP-460EG, gap thickness approximately 100 µm, are shown as an example. To prove that the measured length changes are only due to the behavior of the adhesive gap, a sample without an adhesive bond was used. Measurements on this sample reveal that the length changes without adhesive are within approximately 0.1 nm under comparable conditions. On the adhesive sample, on the other hand, drying in a vacuum and water vapor treatment lead to shrinkage and swelling, respectively. These long-term processes can be described very well by simple but empirical fitting functions. The measurement uncertainty budget results in typical values of approximately 0.3 nm for changes of the adhesive gap thickness. This is orders of magnitude more accurate than was previously possible using traditional methods on adhesive samples.
Super resolution reconstruction of fluorescence microscopy images by a convolutional network with physical priors
Authors: Cai Qiangyu , Lu Jun , Gu Wenting , Xiao Di , Li Boyi , Xu Lei , Gu Yuanjie , Dong Biqin , Liu Xin
Published: October 2024

Super-solution fluorescence microscopy, such as single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), is effective in observing subcellular structures and achieving excellent enhancement in spatial resolution in contrast to traditional fluorescence microscopy. Recently, deep learning has demonstrated excellent performance in SMLM in solving the trade-offs between spatiotemporal resolution, phototoxicity, and signal intensity. However, most of these researches rely on sufficient and high-quality datasets. Here, we propose a physical priors-based convolutional super-resolution network (PCSR), which incorporates a physical-based loss term and an initial optimization process based on the Wiener filter to create excellent super-resolution images directly using low-resolution images. The experimental results demonstrate that PCSR enables the achievement of a fast reconstruction time of 100 ms and a high spatial resolution of 10 nm by training on a limited dataset, allowing subcellular research with high spatiotemporal resolution, low cell phototoxic illumination, and high accessibility. In addition, the generalizability of PCSR to different live cell structures makes it a practical instrument for diverse cell research.
Fabrication of low-loss lithium niobate on insulator waveguides on the wafer scale [Invited]
Authors: Younesi Mohammadreza , Käsebier Thomas , Elmanov Ilia , Li Yang-Teng , Kumar Pawan , Geiss Reinhard , Siefke Thomas , Eilenberger Falk , Setzpfandt Frank , Zeitner Uwe , Pertsch Thomas
Published: October 2024

We report on the wafer scale fabrication of single-mode low-loss lithium niobate on insulator waveguides utilizing a chemically amplified resist and an optimized dry etching method. The fabricated single-mode waveguides are free of residuals and re-deposition, with measured losses for straight waveguides around 2 dB/m (0.02 dB/cm). We present a method offering advantages for large-scale production mainly due to its cost-effectiveness and faster writing time. This work holds promise for advancing integrated photonics and optical communication technologies.
Non-adiabatic holonomies for photonic quantum computing
Authors: Neef Vera , Pinske Julien , Wolterink Tom A. W. , Becker Karo , Heinrich Matthias , Scheel Stefan , Szameit Alexander
Published: October 2024

Quantum computation faces a major challenge: the need for stable quantum gates. Holonomies offer a way to increase the stability of quantum gates on a fundamental level, as their functionality directly arises from the geometry of the underlying Hilbert space. We present the quantum optical realization of holonomies as single-qubit quantum gates. Specifically, we implement them in a non-adiabatic scheme, which paves the way for unprecedented miniaturization. To demonstrate their versatility, we realize the Hadamard and Pauli-X gates, experimentally show their non-Abelian nature, and combine them into a single-qubit quantum algorithm, the PQ penny flipover. The planar geometry of our designs enables them to substitute directional couplers currently in widespread use in photonic quantum architectures across all platforms.
Functional reorganization of brain regions supporting artificial grammar learning across the first half year of life
Authors: Cai Lin , Arimitsu Takeshi , Shinohara Naomi , Takahashi Takao , Hakuno Yoko , Hata Masahiro , Hoshino Ei-ichi , Watson Stuart K. , Townsend Simon W. , Mueller Jutta L. , Minagawa Yasuyo
Published: October 2024

Pre-babbling infants can track nonadjacent dependencies (NADs) in the auditory domain. While this forms a crucial prerequisite for language acquisition, the neurodevelopmental origins of this ability remain unknown. We applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates and 6- to 7-month-old infants to investigate the neural substrate supporting NAD learning and detection using tone sequences in an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Detection of NADs was indicated by left prefrontal activation in neonates while by left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), and inferior frontal gyrus activation in 6- to 7-month-olds. Functional connectivity analyses further indicated that the neonate activation pattern during the test phase benefited from a brain network consisting of prefrontal regions, left SMG and STG during the rest and learning phases. These findings suggest a left-hemispheric learning-related functional brain network may emerge at birth and serve as the foundation for the later engagement of these regions for NAD detection, thus, providing a neural basis for language acquisition.
The Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score at 6 hours post-resuscitation predicts mortality in hospitalized adults with severe sepsis in Mbarara, Uganda
Authors: Null Megan , Conaway Mark , Hazard Riley , Edwards Louisa , Taseera Kabanda , Muhindo Rose , Olum Sam , Mbonde Amir Abdallah , Moore Christopher C.
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is the leading cause of global death with the highest burden found in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). The Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score is a validated resource-appropriate clinical tool to identify hospitalized patients in sSA who are at risk of in-hospital mortality. Whether a decrease in the UVA score over 6 hours of resuscitation from sepsis is associated with improved outcomes is unknown. We aimed to determine (1) the association between 6-hour UVA score and in-hospital mortality, and (2) if a decrease in UVA score from admission to 6 hours was associated with improved in-hospital mortality. We analyzed data from participants with severe sepsis aged ≥14 years enrolled at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda from October 2014 through May 2015. Among 197 participants, the median (interquartile range) age was 34 (27–47) years, 99 (50%) were female and 116 (59%) were living with HIV. At 6 hours, of the 65 participants in the high-risk group, 28 (43%) died compared to 28 (30%) of 94 in the medium-risk group (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29,1.08, p = 0.086) and 3 (9%) of 33 in the low-risk group (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.42, p = 0.002). In a univariate analysis of the 85 participants who improved their UVA risk group at 6 hours, 20 (23%) died compared to 39 (36%) of 107 participants who did not improve (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.27–1.06, p = 0.055). In the multivariable analysis, the UVA score at 6 hours (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.26, 95%CI 1.10–1.45, p<0.001) was associated with in-hospital mortality. When adjusted for age and sex, improvement in the UVA risk group over 6 hours was associated with a non-statistically significant 43% decrease in odds of mortality (aOR 0.57, 95%CI 0.29–1.07, p = 0.08). Targeting a decrease in UVA score over 6 hours from admission may be a useful clinical endpoint for sepsis resuscitation in sSA, but this would need to be proven in a clinical trial.
Plasma pesticide residues–serum 8-OHdG among farmers/non-farmers diagnosed with lymphoma, leukaemia and breast cancers: A case-control study
Authors: Pandiyan Arun , Lari Summaiya , Vanka Janardhan , Kumar Balakrishnan Senthil , Ghosh Sudip , Jee Babban , Jonnalagadda Padmaja R.
Published: October 2024

Background

A hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between exposure through various pesticide residues detected in the plasma and serum 8-OHdG levels among farmers and non-farmers diagnosed with leukaemia, lymphoma and breast cancers and compare the same with healthy controls with no cancer and no exposure.

Methodology

The present study was conducted among the farmers and non-farmers visiting a regional tertiary cancer care hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. Data were collected by administering a pre-tested questionnaire through an interview followed by the collection of blood samples which were analyzed for pesticide residues using LC-MS/MS while the serum levels of 8-OHdG were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.

Results

The pesticide residues detected were chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, malathion, phosalone, and quinalphos which were approved and recommended for their use on the crops that were cultivated by the farmers in their plasma samples along with banned pesticide residues like monocrotophos, diazinon, and dichlorvos among farmers diagnosed with all three types of cancers while the non-farmers and healthy controls were not detected with any such residues. In addition, farmers diagnosed with leukemia had higher levels of all the pesticide residues in their plasma than those diagnosed with lymphoma and breast cancers. Further, a significant difference was also observed between profenofos residues in plasma and serum 8-OHdG levels.

Conclusion

In the present study, though the farmers diagnosed with three types of cancers were detected with various types of pesticide residues analysed, only residues of profenofos showed a significant difference with serum levels of 8-OHdG suggesting the need for an in-depth follow up molecular studies in a larger cohort to assess the possible association between 8-OHdG levels with the pesticide residues among the exposed.
Where did the herds go? Combining zooarchaeological and isotopic data to examine animal management in ancient Thessaly (Greece)
Authors: Filioglou Dimitris , Valenzuela-Lamas Silvia , Patterson William P. , Pena Leopoldo D. , Presslee Samantha , Timsic Sandra , Huertas Antonio Delgado , Prummel Wietske , Çakirlar Canan
Published: October 2024

Historians and archaeologists have been debating the scale of animal husbandry in ancient Greece for decades. This study contributes to the debate by examining Classical and Hellenistic faunal assemblages from Magoula Plataniotki, New Halos, and Pherae through non-destructive zooarchaeological methods and a multi-isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, δ13C, and δ18O) approach. Zooarchaeological data suggest that small-scale sedentary animal husbandry focused on caprine production in Magoula Plataniotiki and New Halos, and small-scale and semi-specialised animal husbandry was practised in Pherae. Isotopic data show both sedentary and mobile management of livestock in all sites, indicating different levels of production intensity and variety of goals. Based on our results, we propose an economic model whereby semi-specialised and small-scale animal husbandry co-existed, confirming mixed husbandry models for ancient Greece.
Ethical acceptability of human challenge trials: Consultation with the US public and with research personnel
Authors: Elsey James William Benjamin , Manheim David , Marsh Abigail , Schmit Virginia , Moss David
Published: October 2024

Human challenge trials (HCTs) may accelerate the development of treatments and vaccines, and deliver novel insights into the course and consequences of infection. However, HCTs are contentious because they involve purposely exposing volunteers to infection. Consultation with the public and other stakeholders is essential for understanding how HCTs can be most ethically and acceptably pursued. Previous research has found public support for COVID-19 HCTs, but little research has considered public attitudes towards HCTs in principle and the various factors making a trial more or less acceptable. Empirical data on the attitudes of research personnel is also missing. We generated an online survey covering overarching support/opposition towards HCTs, as well as factors of importance for deciding whether or not an HCT is ethically acceptable. Our sample of the US public represents the responses of 1500 participants sampled via Prolific, poststratified to be representative of the general US adult population. We additionally collected a convenience sample of 33 research personnel engaged in phase III clinical trials for infectious diseases. Estimates for the US public suggest substantial support for using HCTs to develop new vaccines, new treatments, and knowledge about diseases, with similarly high support among research personnel. The most important factors in determining acceptability of an HCT were the risk to participants and their comprehension of this risk. The general public, in particular, appear relatively unconcerned about participants’ motivations, and favor higher payment in accordance with risk. This study adds to a growing body of public consultation surrounding HCTs, demonstrating high levels of support for their use in principle–not just in relation to COVID-19. The importance attributed to various ethically-relevant factors can help in designing HCTs with high public acceptance.
Sociodemographic inequalities in the uptake of prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alie Melsew Setegn , Negesse Yilkal , Girma Desalegn
Published: October 2024

Background

In order to attain the ambitious 95-95-95 UNAIDS goals, HIV testing serves as the pivotal starting point and plays a crucial role in preventing, treating, and managing HIV. Equal access to HIV testing is crucial to stop the spread of the virus. Measuring healthcare disparities is vital for promoting fairness in health services and achieving global goals for HIV prevention and treatment. Ethiopia is actively engaged in efforts to achieve these goals and is dedicated to combating HIV/AIDS. To the best of our knowledge, no previous systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted on sociodemographic inequalities in prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to assess sociodemographic inequalities in prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted an extensive search across various databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, to collect articles and reports. The data we gathered was then exported to R software for further analysis. Our analysis involved performing a meta-analysis of proportions using a random effect model. To assess the variability among the included studies, we used statistical measures such as I2 statistics and the Cochran’s Q test. The results of the pooled prenatal HIV testing, along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval, were presented using a forest plot.

Results

A comprehensive analysis of 20 research papers on prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia revealed that the overall pooled prevalence of testing was 69% (95% CI [60.0–80.0]). Factors such as higher education, urban residence, income, a positive attitude towards testing, marriage, and discussions about testing during antenatal care (ANC) were found to positively influence testing rates.

Conclusion

The prevalence of prenatal HIV testing among antenatal care attendees in Ethiopia falls short of the UNAIDS target. In order to enhance the testing rates, it is advised to implement targeted initiatives within Ethiopia’s public health programs. To ensure effectiveness, these initiatives should adopt a sustainable and customized approach that takes into account the specific needs and circumstances of women, particularly those who are economically disadvantaged. Ethiopia can make significant strides in enhancing the prenatal HIV testing landscape by effectively implementing policies and programs that prioritize the welfare of the less privileged.

Limitations

As limitation this systematic review did not include longitudinal and qualitative studies that might have provided different results.

Clinical trial registration

Trial registration in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024550564.
Trend and determinants of tobacco use among Indian males over a 22-year period (1998–2021) using nationally representative data
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , Mal Piyasa , Bhadra Dhiman , Rajaa Sathish , Goel Sonu
Published: October 2024

Objective

Tobacco consumption is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. India is one of the largest consumers of tobacco worldwide. We assessed the trend of tobacco use among Indian males over a period of 20 years using data obtained from four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).

Methods

Data on tobacco usage and relevant socioeconomic variables obtained from NFHS rounds 2 to 5 over the period 1998–2021, was used for analysis. Specifically, data were available for 138,951 males from NFHS-2, 74,369 males from NFHS-3, 112,222 males from NFHS-4, and 101,839 males from NFHS-5. Significance of association between various socio-economic factors and tobacco usage was ascertained using a multicategory logistic regression model.

Results

Among all the forms of tobacco, smokeless tobacco was predominantly used by Indian males. The proportion of smokers and those using both smoke and smokeless forms peaked during NFHS-3, followed by a consistent dip; however, the use of smokeless tobacco plateaued from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. NFHS-5 shows that 19.2% of Indian males smoked, 27.0% used smokeless tobacco, and 6.3% used both. Tobacco use has declined significantly over the last two decades. Tobacco usage is noticeably higher among the elderly, Muslims, and those from the backward classes, while it was considerably lower for individuals belonging to the educated and wealthier segment.

Conclusion

There has been a steady decline in tobacco use in India over the past 22 years, specifically in the smoke-form category. However, smokeless tobacco use remains nearly unaffected. The outcome of this study might aid policymakers in devising targeted tobacco control policies and improving existing ones.
Genotype–phenotype analysis of hearing function in patients with DFNB1A caused by the c.-23+1G>A splice site variant of the GJB2 gene (Cx26)
Authors: Teryutin Fedor M. , Pshennikova Vera G. , Solovyev Aisen V. , Romanov Georgii P. , Fedorova Sardana A. , Barashkov Nikolay A.
Published: October 2024

The audiological features of hearing loss (HL) in patients with autosomal recessive deafness type 1A (DFNB1A) caused by splice site variants of the GJB2 gene are less studied than those of patients with other variants of this gene. In this study, we present the audiological features of DFNB1A in a large cohort of 134 patients with the homozygous splice site variant c.-23+1G>A and 34 patients with other biallelic GJB2 genotypes (n = 168 patients with DFNB1A). We found that the preservation of hearing thresholds in the speech frequency range (PTA0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 kHz) in patients with the c.[-23+1G>A];[-23+1G>A] genotype is significantly better than in patients with the “severe” c.[35delG];[35delG] genotype (p = 0.005) and significantly worse than in patients with the “mild” c.[109G>A];[109G>A] genotype (p = 0.041). This finding indicates a “medium” pathological effect of this splice site variant on hearing function. A detailed clinical and audiological analysis showed that in patients with the c.[-23+1G>A];[-23+1G>A] genotype, HL is characterized as congenital or early onset (57.5% onset before 12 months), sensorineural (97.8%), bilateral, symmetrical (82.8%), variable in severity (from mild to profound HL, median hearing threshold in PTA0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 kHz is 86.73±21.98 dB), with an extremely “flat” audioprofile, and with a tendency toward slow progression (a positive correlation of hearing thresholds with age, r = 0.144, p = 0.041). In addition, we found that the hearing thresholds in PTA0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 kHz were significantly better preserved in females (82.34 dB) than in males (90.62 dB) (p = 0.001). We can conclude that in patients with DFNB1A caused by the c.-23+1G>A variant, male sex is associated with deteriorating auditory function; in contrast, female sex is a protective factor.
From colon wall to tumor niche: Unraveling the microbiome’s role in colorectal cancer progression
Authors: García Menéndez Gissel , Sichel Liubov , López Maria del Consuelo , Hernández Yasel , Arteaga Ernesto , Rodríguez Marisol , Fleites Vilma , Fernández Lipsy Teresa , Cano Raúl De Jesus
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by perturbations in the colonic microbiota, characterized by an imbalance favoring pathogenic bacteria over beneficial ones. This dysbiosis contributes to CRC initiation and progression through mechanisms such as carcinogenic metabolite production, inflammation induction, DNA damage, and oncogenic signaling activation. Understanding the role of external factors in shaping the colonic microbiota is crucial for mitigating CRC progression. This study aims to elucidate the gut microbiome’s role in CRC progression by analyzing paired tumor and mucosal tissue samples obtained from the colon walls of 17 patients. Through sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the tumor microbiome and assessed its association with clinical variables. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity within tumor samples compared to paired colon biopsy samples, indicating a less diverse microbial environment within the tumor microenvironment. While both tissues exhibited dominance of similar bacterial phyla, their relative abundances varied, suggesting potential colon-specific effects. Fusobacteriota enrichment, notably in the right colon, may be linked to MLH1 deficiency. Taxonomy analysis identified diverse bacterial genera, with some primarily associated with the colon wall and others unique to this region. Conversely, several genera were exclusively expressed in tumor tissue. Functional biomarker analysis identified three key genes with differential abundance between tumor microenvironment and colon tissue, indicating distinct metabolic activities. Functional biomarker analysis revealed three key genes with differential abundance: K11076 (putrescine transport system) and K10535 (nitrification) were enriched in the tumor microenvironment, while K11329 (SasA-RpaAB circadian timing mediator) dominated colon tissue. Metabolic pathway analysis linked seven metabolic pathways to the microbiome. Collectively, these findings highlight significant gut microbiome alterations in CRC and strongly suggest that long-term dysbiosis profoundly impacts CRC progression.
Visual short-term memory for crossed and uncrossed binocular disparities
Authors: Nemes Vanda Ágnes , Radó János , Fülöp Diána , Mikó-Baráth Eszter , Hamvas Imola , Jandó Gábor , Buzás Péter
Published: October 2024

Previous work on visual short-term memory (VSTM) has encompassed various stimulus attributes including spatial frequency, color, and contrast, revealing specific time courses and a dependence on stimulus parameters. This study investigates visual short-term memory for binocular depth, using dynamic random dot stereograms (DRDS) featuring disparity planes in front of or behind the plane of fixation. In a delayed match-to-sample paradigm, we employed four distinct reference disparities (17.5’, 28.8’ either crossed or uncrossed) at two contrast levels (20%, 80%), spanning interstimulus intervals (ISI) of up to 4 s. Test stimuli represented a range of equally spaced values centered around the reference disparity of the ongoing trial. In addition, the impact of a memory masking stimulus was also tested in a separate experiment. Accuracy and point of subjective equality (PSE) served as performance markers. The performance, indicated by the accuracy of responses, was better for smaller reference disparities (±17.5’) compared to larger ones (±28’), but both deteriorated as a function of ISI. The PSE demonstrated a consistent shift with increasing ISIs, irrespective of the magnitude of the initial disparity, converging gradually toward the range of 20–22’ and deviating from the reference disparity. Notably, the influence of masking stimuli on the PSE was more marked when the mask disparity diverged from the reference value. The findings from our study indicate that the retention of absolute disparity in memory is imprecise, it deteriorates with retention time or due to perturbation by dissimilar masking stimuli. As a result, the memory trace is gradually replaced by a default depth value. This value could potentially signify an optimal point within low-level perceptual memory, however, our results are better explained by perceptual averaging whereby the visual system computationally derives a statistical summary of the presented disparities over time. The latter mechanism would aid in the computation of relative disparity in a dynamically changing environment.
Identifying factors associated with instructor implementation of three-dimensional assessment in undergraduate biology courses
Authors: Uminski Crystal , Couch Brian A.
Published: October 2024

Recent national calls to transform undergraduate science education have centered on engaging students in scientific practices as a means to help them develop deeper insights into science. The three-dimensional framework for science education encapsulates the goals of these national calls by recommending that instructors integrate scientific practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas throughout their courses. Prior research has found that introductory undergraduate biology exams contain few three-dimensional items suggesting that instructors likely face barriers in meeting the goals of national calls. To better understand these putative challenges, we explored factors potentially associated with three-dimensional alignment. Our generalized linear mixed model indicated that instructors who used three-dimensional items on their exams were more likely to use Bloom’s Taxonomy when designing their exams and were more likely to write these items using a constructed-response format. We also found that professional development opportunities did not necessarily change the likelihood an instructor would employ three-dimensional items. We previously identified that few items in our sample fully aligned to scientific practices, making scientific practices the limiting dimension for three-dimensional alignment. Our subsequent analysis here revealed that most biology instructors had exam items that were at least partially aligned to scientific practices. Based on our results, we highlight the significant time and resources that instructors likely need to write and grade constructed-response assessments, suggest that instructors build on items that are mostly aligned to scientific practices to increase their three-dimensional alignment, and propose ways that professional development programs and communities might further support instructors in meeting national calls.
On An Inequality about Euler’s totient function
Authors: Wang Cheng-Ting
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we show that when\(N_k\) is a primorial and \(\varphi(N_k)\)is Euler’s totient function, the inequality \(\varphi(N_k) < \frac{N_k}{e^{\gamma}\log{\log{N_k}}}\)
holds for all sufficiently large k.
Rene Descartes Methodic Doubt; A Tool for Authentic Knowledge
Authors: Ugwu Abel Friday
Published: October 2024

Rene Descartes' concept of methodic doubt serves as a foundational tool in the pursuit of authentic knowledge, challenging individuals to scrutinize the very basis of their beliefs and assumptions. This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of Descartes' methodic doubt, tracing its evolution from skepticism to the establishment of indubitable truths. By systematically questioning the validity of sensory perceptions and inherited knowledge, Descartes revolutionizes epistemology and lays the groundwork for modern scientific inquiry. The examination reveals that methodic doubt is not merely a philosophical exercise but a practical approach to understanding reality and fostering critical thinking. Through a detailed analysis of Descartes' Meditations, this study elucidates the relevance of methodic doubt in contemporary contexts, encouraging an ongoing dialogue about the nature of knowledge, belief, and the processes that govern human understanding. Ultimately, this exploration reaffirms methodic doubt as an essential instrument for achieving authentic knowledge in an increasingly complex world.
Critical Conceptions of the Chinese Thought.
Authors: Ugwu Abel Friday
Published: October 2024

This paper delves into critical conceptual foundations of the Chinese Thought and it's contemporary relevance. By examining key schools of thought, including Confucianism Taoism, and Buddhism, we highlight the diverse perspectives that shape China's intellectual landscape. The study critically assesses how these traditions ethics, governance, and human existence, revealing their profound impact on both Eastern and Western philosophies. Furthermore, the analysis considers the implications of these philosophies in modern society, particularly in the context of globalization and rapid technological change. Emphasizing the dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation, this exploration encourages a reevaluation just as historical artifacts, but as vital frameworks for understanding contemporary challenges and fostering cross-cultural dialogue. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to bridge gaps in the discourse surrounding Chinese philosophy, advocating for a more nuanced appreciation of its contributions to global intellectual traditions.
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
Authors: AJEWOLE DEBORAH KEMI
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, influencing various aspects of our well-being. Although it offers numerous benefits such as connectivity and access to information, it also raises significant concerns about its influence on mental health. This article examines both the positive and negative impacts of social media use on mental health, exploring the dynamics of social comparison, cyberbullying, and sleep disruption. We also present recommendations for mindful social media use to mitigate adverse effects.
The Role of Management Information System in the Management of Inventory for Record Keeping in Ahmadu Bello University Micro Finance Bank
Authors: Ogra Mercy Enuwa , Ogra Israel Ogwuche
Published: October 2024

Effective record management is critical in financial institutions, and Management Information Systems (MIS) can play a pivotal role in ensuring accurate and efficient inventory management. This research investigates the role of MIS in managing inventory for record-keeping at ABU Microfinance Bank. The research aimed to unravel the types of MIS available at ABU Microfinance Bank for record-keeping, the types of inventories the bank manages, and the role MIS plays in the management of these records. To achieve this, a survey research method was employed, with questionnaires administered to 37 staff members of ABU Microfinance Bank. The study revealed that sales and marketing was the major MIS used at ABU Microfinance Bank. Manual methods was found to be predominantly used for inventory management and record-keeping. Meanwhile, majority of respondents highlighted that MIS plays a significant role in managing data, aiding in the overall record-keeping process. This suggests that the bank's use of MIS for inventory control is limited, which could hinder operational efficiency. The study recommends that ABU Microfinance Bank expand its use of MIS to include process control, inventory control, and accounting and finance systems. Additionally, perpetual and finished goods inventory management systems should be integrated for more effective record-keeping. By enhancing the scope of MIS, the bank could significantly improve its inventory management processes and overall efficiency.
Project Management Challenges in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Infrastructure Projects in Nigeria
Authors: FALAYE TEMITOPE EZEKIEL
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper examines the key project management challenges encountered in developing economies, with a specific focus on infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It identifies significant barriers such as funding constraints, bureaucratic delays, corruption, lack of technical expertise, and inadequate stakeholder engagement. Using case studies from Nigeria's infrastructure sector, the paper presents strategies for overcoming these obstacles. The findings emphasize the importance of governance reforms, capacity building, improved resource management, and enhanced stakeholder involvement to ensure successful project delivery in Nigeria’s infrastructure sector.
Incidence of Thiopurine-Induced Severe Myelosuppression in a Nationwide Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Khan Nabeel , Patel Dhruvan , Sundararajan Ramaswamy
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There is paucity of data on the incidence of severe thiopurine (TP)-induced myelosuppression (TIM) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODS:

Using the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, we identified patients with IBD with normal pretreatment TP S-methyltransferase levels who received TPs for 6 months and developed severe TIM.

RESULTS:

Among 73,392 patients with IBD, 14,760 had received TPs, and 2,823 had a normal TP S-methyltransferase level. The incidence rate of severe TIM was 1.25 per 1,000 patient-years.

DISCUSSION:

The incidence of severe TIM was very low, calling into question the necessity of frequent long-term complete blood count monitoring among patients with IBD on TPs.
Use of rituximab in the of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases combined with Graves' disease (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome in adults): case report and literature review
Authors: Panevin T. S. , Zotkin E. G.
Published: October 2024

Rituximab (RTM) is a chimeric (murine and human) monoclonal antibody against B-lymphocytes (CD20). RTM is widely used in hematology for lymphoproliferative diseases and in rheumatology for rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, some types of vasculitis and systemic connective tissue diseases. The administration of RTM is associated with a depletion of B-cells mediated by the regulation of apoptosis and cytotoxic effects via complement-dependent and antibody-dependent mechanisms. Considering the pathogenesis of autoimmune damage in Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune thyroid disease associated with thyrotoxicosis, the use of RTM could be effective in this pathology. We present three patients with a combination of diffuse toxic goiter and rheumatic pathology treated with RTM; different outcomes of GD were observed.
Current issues in the practical use of allopurinol in patients with gout and hyperuricemia
Authors: Eliseev M. S.
Published: October 2024

The cornerstone of the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia (HU) is the use of urate-lowering drugs, primarily xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Allopurinol, which has been used to treat gout for six decades, is the first line urate-lowering therapy (ULT). However, the principles of ULT prescription, and allopurinol in particular have changed several times. Allopurinol remains the most widely used and highly effective drug in the world for lowering serum uric acid levels, and its prescription in routine clinical practice must fulfil several criteria.This article outlines the key principles of allopurinol therapy, including indications for use, treatment goals, dosing regimens, evaluation of efficacy, and use in elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function. Adherence to these principles will help prevent treatment failuresin gout and HU.
Febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and gout: is the nephroprotective effect real?
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Kuzmina Ya. I.
Published: October 2024

Hyperuricemia (HU) and gout are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Worldwide, the increasing prevalence of CKD leads to a deterioration in the quality and duration of life of patients and an increase in mortality. If HU plays a significant role in the development of renal failure, then lowering high uric acid (UA) levels should theoretically contribute to the improvement of kidney function. The main method of lowering UA levels is administration of a urate-lowering therapy – xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. The nephroprotective effect of one of the XO inhibitors, febuxostat has been demonstrated in animal models.

The article analyzes the currently available data on the use of febuxostat in patients with HU and gout and different levels of renal function impairment and discusses the possible mechanisms of the drug's nephroprotective effect.
Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar etanercept in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
Authors: Issayeva B. G. , Dilmanova D. S. , Amanzholova A. S. , Issayeva S. M. , Kanapina A. B. , Turtaeva A. E. , Trimova G. Sh.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar etanercept (ETC, Altebrel) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) in clinical practice.

Material and methods. The study included 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA and 8 with SpA: 5 with axial SpA with radiological signs of sacroiliitis (r-axSpA), 3 with peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The mean age of the patients with RA was 47.7±12.3 years, and the mean age of SpA patients was 40.4±15.9 years. Patients with RA had moderate or high disease activity: mean DAS28-ESR index 5.2±1.0, median CDAI – 22.5 [15.5; 35.0], SDAI – 31.9 [24.4; 38.6], CRP level – 11 [0.9; 32.5] mg/L. Patients with r-axSpA had high activity and functional impairment, the median BASDAI was 5.5 [3.5; 8.0], BASFI – 6 [4; 6], CRP level – 17.5 [12.5; 27] mg/L. In PsA, the average DAS28 was 6.25±0.71. All patients were prescribed Altebrel at a dose of 50 mg subcutaneously weekly against a background of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients were examined at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of treatment.

Results and discussion. During treatment with the biosimilar ETC, all patients with RA showed a decrease in inflammatory activity markers: after 3 and 6 months of therapy, the mean DAS28-ESR value decreased to 3.5±1.2 and 2.3±0.7 (p <0.001) the median SDAI value to 19.6 [6.9; 32.5] and 8.4 [4.7; 15.6] (p<0.001), CDAI value to 9.5 [4; 13.0] and 4.5 [3.0; 7.5] (p <0.001), the CRP level – to 5.0 [0.7; 21.9] and 5.0 [2.0; 10.9] mg/L (p<0.001), respectively. Patients with SpA showed a decrease in disease activity and an improvement in functional status: the median BASDAI decreased to 1.0 [0; 2.5] and 0 [0; 1.5], BASFI to 0 [0; 1] and 0 [0; 0], CRP level to 4.5 [2.5; 6.5] and 2.0 [2.0; 2.5] mg/L, respectively. In patients with PsA, DAS28 decreased on average to 2.92±0.12 after 3 months, and after 6 months the values were 1.74 and 2.29 in 2 patients.

All patients completed the study and no adverse events were observed during treatment. According to EULAR criteria, a good response was achieved in 40% of patients with RA after 3 months, and in 80% after 6 months, and a satisfactory response in 20%. Patients with r-axSpA showed statistically significant positive dynamics of BASDAI and BASFI indices as well as normalization of laboratory activity parameters.

Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the high efficacy of Altebrel in rheumatic diseases, including RA and SpA.