bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure and Incident Late‐Life Depression
Authors: Luijendijk Hendrika J. , Tiemeier Henning , van den Berg Julia F. , Bleumink Gysèle S. , Hofman Albert , Stricker Bruno H.C.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether heart failure (HF) increases the risk of developing depression and whether the use of loop diuretics in persons with HF alters this risk.

DESIGN: Population‐based cohort study between 1993 and 2005.

SETTING: Ommoord, a district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand ninety‐five older adults free of depression at baseline.

MEASUREMENTS: Detailed information on HF and depression was collected during examination rounds and through continuous monitoring of medical and pharmaceutical records. HF was defined according to the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology. Depressive episodes were categorized as clinically relevant depressive symptoms and depressive syndromes, including major depressive disorders defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression.

RESULTS: HF was associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms and syndromes (HR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03–1.94) and depressive syndromes only (HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.09–2.52). In participants with HF, the use of loop diuretics was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms and syndromes (HR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22–0.96) and depressive syndromes only (HR=0.41, 95% CI=0.16–1.00).

CONCLUSION: HF is an independent risk factor for incident depression in elderly persons. Patient with HF require careful follow‐up to monitor and prevent the onset of depression. Effective treatment of the debilitating symptoms of HF may prevent depression.
Step‐forward Randomization in Multicenter Emergency Treatment Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhao Wenle , Ciolino Jody , Palesch Yuko
Published: June 2010

The authors present a new centralized randomization method for multicenter emergency treatment clinical trials. With this step‐forward method, treatment randomization for the next subject is performed immediately after the enrollment of the current subject. This design ensures the readiness of the treatment assignment for each subject at the point of study enrollment, and it simultaneously provides effective control on treatment assignments balance and distributions of covariates. The authors also discuss procedures of the step‐forward randomization method along with its implementation for two National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–funded multicenter acute stroke trials, one double‐blinded and one open‐labeled. Advantages and limitations are presented based on experience gained in these two trials.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:659–665 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Procainamide and Survival in Ventricular Fibrillation Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Markel David T. , Gold Laura S. , Allen Judith , Fahrenbruch Carol E. , Rea Thomas D. , Eisenberg Mickey S. , Kudenchuk Peter J.
Published: June 2010

Objectives:  Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic drug of unproven efficacy in cardiac arrest. The association between procainamide and survival from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest was investigated to better determine the drug’s potential role in resuscitation.

Methods:  The authors conducted a 10‐year study of all witnessed, out‐of‐hospital, ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) cardiac arrests treated by emergency medical services (EMS) in King County, Washington. Patients were considered eligible for procainamide if they received more than three defibrillation shocks and intravenous (IV) bolus lidocaine. Four logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing the relationship between procainamide and survival.

Results:  Of the 665 eligible patients, 176 received procainamide, and 489 did not. On average, procainamide recipients received more shocks and pharmacologic interventions and had lengthier resuscitations. Adjusted for their clinical and resuscitation characteristics, procainamide recipients had a lower likelihood of survival to hospital discharge (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.75). Further adjustment for receipt of other cardiac medications during resuscitation negated this apparent adverse association (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.57).

Conclusions:  In this observational study of out‐of‐hospital VF and pulseless VT arrest, procainamide as second‐line antiarrhythmic treatment was not associated with survival in models attempting to best account for confounding. The results suggest that procainamide, as administered in this investigation, does not have a large impact on outcome, but cannot eliminate the possibility of a smaller, clinically relevant effect on survival.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:617–623 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Multicenter Study of Preferences for Health Education in the Emergency Department Population
Authors: Kit Delgado M. , Ginde Adit A. , Pallin Daniel J. , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives:  Emergency departments (EDs) are increasingly proposed as high‐yield venues for providing preventive health education to a population at risk for unhealthy behaviors and unmet primary care needs. This study sought to determine the preferred health education topics and teaching modality among ED patients and visitors.

Methods:  For two 24‐hour periods, patients aged 18 years and older presenting to four Boston EDs were consecutively enrolled, and waiting room visitors were surveyed every 3 hours. The survey assessed interest in 28 health conditions and topics, which were further classified into nine composite health education categories. Also assessed was the participants’ preferred teaching modality.

Results:  Among 1,321 eligible subjects, 1,010 (76%) completed the survey, of whom 56% were patients and 44% were visitors. Among the health conditions, respondents were most interested in learning about stress and depression (32%). Among the health topics, respondents were most interested in exercise and nutrition (43%). With regard to learning modality, 34% of subjects chose brochures/book, 25% video, 24% speaking with an expert, 14% using a computer, and 3% another mode of learning (e.g., a class). Speaking with an expert was the overall preferred modality for those with less than high school education and Hispanics, as well as those interested in HIV screening, youth violence, and stroke. Video was the preferred modality for those interested in learning more about depression, alcohol, drugs, firearm safety, and smoke detectors.

Conclusions:  Emergency department patients and visitors were most interested in health education on stress, depression, exercise, and nutrition, compared to topics more commonly targeted to the ED population such as substance abuse, sexual health (including HIV testing), and injury prevention. Despite many recent innovations in health education, most ED patients and visitors in our study preferred the traditional form of books and brochures. Future ED health education efforts may be optimized by taking into account the learning preferences of the target ED population.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:652–658 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Evaluating Degradation with Fragment Formation of Prehospital Succinylcholine by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Merlin Mark A. , Marques‐Baptista Andreia , Yang Hilly , Ohman‐Strickland Pamela , Aquina Christopher , Buckley Brian
Published: June 2010

Objectives:  Pharmaceutical manufacturers recommend refrigerating succinylcholine at a temperature range of 2–8°C. With widespread use of prehospital succinylcholine on ambulances without refrigeration, it is important to understand the stability of this drug. Using mass spectrometry, this study investigated the degradation of the succinylcholine compound before and after its exposure to ambulance cabin temperatures, while removing light exposure. A 10% degradation threshold was set as not appropriate for human use, in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines.

Methods:  The study used 17 vials of succinylcholine sealed with duct tape in light‐resistant bags. The bags were placed in climate controlled compartments in two ambulances: one stationed in a garage and the other stationed outdoors. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to examine drug degradation at Time 0, the 14th day of the first month, and monthly from Time 0 to 7 months.

Results:  The degradation products of succinyl monocholine (SMC) and choline are already present at Day 0. Ten percent degradation was achieved at approximately 90 days into the experiment. Temperature in the ambulance climate controlled compartment was 70°F, with a range from 56 to 89°F during the 6‐month time period.

Conclusions:  Identifiable breakdown fragments of succinylcholine have been identified using mass spectrometry with fresh drug upon receipt from the manufacturer. Ten percent degradation was not observed until approximately 90 days after being placed on ambulances. Temperature variations did not significantly contribute to degradation of succinylcholine, and it is safe for injection until approximately 90 days in similar climates.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:631–637 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Measuring Nausea in Emergency Department Patients via the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Cloutier Robert L. , Fuller Bret E. , Hendrickson Robert G. , Jones Nikolas
Published: June 2010

Objectives:  The objective was to evaluate the applicability of a previously studied multifactorial nausea scale in the emergency department (ED) setting via exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Methods:  Two studies evaluated the validity and factor structure of 18 nausea descriptors scored on 11‐point Likert scales. Trained research volunteers administered the scale to 83 men and 123 women in the first sample and to 100 men and 230 women in the second sample. All patients were assessed at enrollment and again at 90 minutes to detect changes in symptom severity. An EFA in the first study used a maximum likelihood estimation method with a principal factor analysis. The second study narrowed the descriptors and evaluated the factor structure with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results:  Two factors were retained in the solution; one contained five items with descriptors of physical symptoms, and a second contained five items with psychological symptoms. CFA determined that the two five‐item scales were stable and reliable measures of patient nausea experience.

Conclusions:  The scales measure both physical and psychological symptoms of nausea, indicating that the experience is multidimensional.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:e33–e39 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Multislice Computed Tomography of the First Rib: A Useful Technique for Bone Age Assessment
Authors: Moskovitch Guillaume , Dedouit Fabrice , Braga José , Rougé Daniel , Rousseau Hervé , Telmon Norbert
Published: June 2010

Abstract: Macroscopic study of the first rib has been described by Kunos et al. as an efficient method of age estimation. We retrospectively reviewed a test sample of 160 first right ribs obtained from multislice computed tomography (MSCT) clinical investigations of living individuals aged 15–30 years old. Based on the descriptions of Kunos et al., we analyzed the morphological appearance of the sternal end of the first rib on two‐ and three‐dimensional MSCT reconstructions and defined changes in appearance in stages (from 2 to 5). We also studied the calcification and ossification of the costal cartilage as an independent feature. By statistical analysis (ANOVA), we determined for each gender the correlation between the estimated stage of the costal face, the appearance of the costal cartilage, and the documented age of the subjects. We demonstrated that MSCT of the first rib appears to be an efficient noninvasive modality for bone age estimation.
Positive Personal Identification of Human Remains Based on Thoracic VertebralMargin Morphology
Authors: Watamaniuk Lelia , Rogers Tracy
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  Radiography has long been used by anthropologists to establish positive personal identification of human remains in forensic cases. These methods have been largely ad hoc and depend upon specific congenital or pathological bone markers. Court rulings, such as Daubert and Mohan have, however, pushed the discipline toward more statistically supportable methods of identification. This study describes the use of normal morphological variation of the thoracic vertebrae to identify human remains. Radiographs from healthy, male individuals, aged 18–55 were examined to identify normally varying features of vertebral morphology. The frequency of occurrence of these features was calculated, tested, and found to be stable in the given sample. The frequencies were compared to establish which sets of traits varied independently of one another. Finally, unknown radiographs were compared to known samples to test the applicability of this method in determining positive identification, with 21 of 24 (87.5%) unknown radiographs positively identified.
Prospective evaluation of angiogenic, hypoxic and EGFR‐related biomarkers in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with cetuximab, bevacizumab and irinotecan
Authors: Hasselbalch Benedikte , Eriksen Jesper Grau , Broholm Helle , Christensen Ib Jarle , Grunnet Kirsten , Horsman Michael R. , Poulsen Hans Skovgaard , Stockhausen Marie‐Thérése , Lassen Ulrik
Published: June 2010

Hasselbalch B, Eriksen JG, Broholm H, Christensen IJ, Grunnet K, Horsman MR, Poulsen HS, Stockhausen M‐T, Lassen U. Prospective evaluation of angiogenic, hypoxic and EGFR‐related biomarkers in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with cetuximab, bevacizumab and irinotecan. APMIS 2010; 118: 585–94.

Several recent studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of anti‐angiogenic treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor‐neutralizing antibody bevacizumab in recurrent high‐grade glioma. In the current study, immunohistochemical evaluation of biomarkers involved in angiogenesis, hypoxia and mediators of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway were investigated. Tumor tissue was obtained from a previous phase II study, treating recurrent primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab in combination with bevacizumab and irinotecan. Of the 37 patients with available tumor tissue, 29 were evaluable for response. We concurrently performed immunohistochemical stainings on tumor tissue from 21 GBM patients treated with bevacizumab and irinotecan. We found a tendency of correlation between the hypoxia‐related markers, indicating that they share the same regulatory mechanisms. None of the EGFR‐related biomarkers showed any significant correlations with each other. None of the biomarkers tested alone or in combination could identify a patient population likely to benefit from bevacizumab and irinotecan, with or without the addition of cetuximab. There is still an urgent need for one or more reliable and reproducible biomarkers able to predict the efficacy of anti‐angiogenic therapy.
A clinical comparison of two flap designs for coronal advancement of the gingival margin: semilunar versus coronally advanced flap
Authors: Santana Ronaldo B. , Mattos Carolina M. L. , Dibart Serge
Published: June 2010

Santana RB, Mattos CML, Dibart S. A clinical comparison of two flap designs for coronal advancement of the gingival margin: semilunar versus coronally advanced flap. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 651–658. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01582.x.

Background: The semilunar incision was introduced in oral surgery more than a century ago. The semilunar coronally re‐positioned flap (SLCRF) is one of the variants of this procedure; however, no previous controlled clinical study has evaluated the SLCRF performed as originally described. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes of the SLCRF and coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure in the treatment of maxillary Miller class I recession (GR) defects.

Materials and Methods: Twenty‐two patients, with 22 contra‐lateral Miller class I GR defects, were randomly assigned to CAF or SLCRF. Clinical parameters assessed included recession height, width of keratinized tissue, probing depth, vertical clinical attachment level, visual plaque score and bleeding on probing. Clinical recordings were performed at baseline and 6 months later. Inter‐measurements differences were analysed with a χ2 or a paired t‐test, with significance set at α<0.05.

Results: Both flap designs were effective in obtaining and maintaining a coronal displacement of the gingival margin. The CAF resulted in clinical improvements significantly better than SLCRF for percentage of root coverage (RC), frequency of complete RC and gain in clinical attachment level. RC obtained in the immediate post‐surgical period of SLCRF‐treated sites was not maintained throughout the subsequent evaluations.

Conclusion: RC is significantly better with CAF compared with the original SLCRF technique in the treatment of shallow maxillary Miller class I GR defects.
Assessing the minimally important difference in the Oral Impact on Daily Performances index in patients treated for periodontitis
Authors: Tsakos Georgios , Bernabé Eduardo , D'Aiuto Francesco , Pikhart Hynek , Tonetti Maurizio , Sheiham Aubrey , Donos Nikolaos
Published: June 2010

Tsakos G, Bernabé E, D'Aiuto F, Pikhart H, Tonetti M, Sheiham A, Donos N. Assessing the minimally important difference in the Oral Impact on Daily Performances index in patients treated for periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 903–909. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01583.x.

Aim: To assess changes over time and determine the minimally important difference (MID) in the Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP) index for patients with severe generalized periodontitis receiving periodontal treatment.

Methods: This study was nested in a larger randomized controlled trial and consisted of 45 consecutive subjects of the larger trial (17 receiving intensive and 28 receiving conservative periodontal care). The OIDP index assessed impacts on quality of life (QoL) at baseline and 1 month after treatment. Repeated‐measures anova was used for comparison over time and between treatment groups. To estimate the MID, two subjective global transition scales, related to periodontal and oral health, respectively, were used as anchors, whereas the effect size (ES), standardized response mean and standard error of measurement were also calculated.

Results: The mean OIDP score after treatment was significantly lower than at baseline, indicating improvement in QoL, but there were no differences between treatment groups. Based on an agreement between different methods, the MID of the OIDP index was around five scale points and corresponded to a moderate ES.

Conclusion: The MID for the OIDP index among patients treated for severe generalized periodontitis provides meaning to change scores and facilitates interpretation of findings.
Is there a relationship between Birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of Dental Caries at 5 years of age? A cohort study
Authors: Kay Elizabeth Jane , Northstone Kate , Ness Andy , Duncan Karen , Crean St John
Published: June 2010

Kay EJ, Northstone K, Ness A, Duncan K, Crean SJ. Is there a relationship between Birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of Dental Caries at 5 years of age? A cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 408–414. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Objectives:  To examine the associations between childhood growth and the presence of dental caries at age 5.

Methods:  Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) a population‐based, prospective cohort study were used. We enrolled 14 541 pregnancies, and a 10% sample of these were dentally examined and measured at 61 months of age. Birthweight was obtained from medical records, and birth length and birthweight were assessed by trained ALSPAC measurers. A number of social and lifestyle factors were treated as potential confounding factors.

Results:  Of 985, children, 242 (24.6%) had caries at 61 months of age. After adjustment, increased weight at birth was associated with a small increased risk of caries at 61 months (OR: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) per 100 g increase, P = 0.002). A similar association was noted with respect to increased length at birth. Current weight and height did not appear to be associated with caries risk. Children who had caries at 61 months had slower increases in weight and height between birth and 61 months than those without decay at 61 months.

Conclusions:  The weak associations we have demonstrated between weight and length at birth and risk of caries at age 61 months cannot be considered causal, however, the relationship between the two variables warrants further investigation.
Associations between labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people
Authors: Smidt Dorte , Torpet Lis Andersen , Nauntofte Birgitte , Heegaard Karen Margrethe , Pedersen Anne Marie Lynge
Published: June 2010

Smidt D, Torpet LA, Nauntofte B, Heegaard KM, Pedersen AML. Associations between labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 422–435. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Objective:  To investigate the associations between age, gender, systemic diseases, medications and labial and whole salivary flow rates in older people.

Methods:  Unstimulated labial (LS) and unstimulated (UWS) and chewing‐stimulated (SWS) whole salivary flow rates were measured in 389 randomly selected community‐dwelling Danish women and 279 men aged 65–97 years. Systemic diseases, medications (coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System), tobacco and alcohol consumption were registered.

Results:  The number of diseases and medications was higher and UWS lower in the older age groups. On average, women were slightly older, had more diseases, higher medication intake and lower UWS, SWS and LS than men. High number of diseases and medications was associated with low UWS, SWS and LS. In the healthy (14%) and nonmedicated (19%) participants, flow rates were not associated with age and gender, apart from SWS being lower in nonmedicated women. Low UWS were associated with psychiatric and respiratory disorders, type 2 diabetes and intake of psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics (especially SRRIs), respiratory agents, oral antidiabetics (particularly sulfonylureas), magnesium‐hydroxide, cardiac agents, quinine, thiazides, calcium channel blockers, statins, urinary antispasmodics, glucosamine, NSAIDs, opioids and ophthalmologicals. SWS were lower in participants with ophthalmological disorders using ophthalmologicals (especially antiglaucoma agents and miotics), but also in those taking antidepressants, cardiac agents (mostly digitalis glycosides) and calcium channel blockers. Cardiovascular diseases and intake of anti‐thrombotics (mainly low dose aspirins), calcium channel blockers and oral antidiabetics were associated with low LS.

Conclusions:  In older people, low salivary flow rates are associated with specific and high number of diseases and medications, but neither with age and gender per se nor with tobacco and alcohol consumption. Low UWS are associated with more diseases and medications than SWS and LS, which were primarily associated with cardiovascular diseases and medications including preventive agents such as low‐dose aspirins and statins. New insights into medications and their association with salivary gland function were achieved using the ATC classification system.
Factor VIII gene mutations profile in 148 Chinese hemophilia A subjects
Authors: Xue Feng , Zhang Lei , Sui Tao , Ge Jing , Gu Dongsheng , Du Weiting , Zhao Haifeng , Yang Renchi
Published: June 2010

Background:  Hemophilia A (HA) is a common X‐linked recessive bleeding disease caused by mutations in FVIII gene. The identification of mutation in HA subjects can lead to more accurate diagnosis and contribute to the genetic counseling/prenatal diagnosis.

Objectives:  Our objective is to identify the FVIII defects in 148 unrelated Chinese HA subjects and to analyze the potential consequence of novel mutations.

Methods:  FVIII: C was assayed using one‐stage method, and FVIII inhibitor was tested using Bethesda method. Intron 22 and 1 inversions were identified by PCR technique. Non‐inversion mutations of FVIII gene were identified by direct sequencing. Novel mutations were further analyzed based on a B‐domain deleted FVIII crystallographic structure and bioinformatics tools.

Results:  The intron 22 and 1 inversions affected 57 and three severe subjects, respectively. Sixty‐seven different mutations were identified in non‐inversion subjects including 35 novel mutations that were not reported previously. Novel mutations include five nonsense mutations, 15 missense mutations, three insertions, eight small deletions, two splice site mutations and two partial gene deletions. The potential deleterious effects of these novel missense mutations include disruption of the protein core, impairment of inter‐domain interaction and FVIII binding with other proteins.

Conclusion:  Similar to other races, intron 22 and one inversions are also recurrent mutation in severe HA subjects monitored in our centre. Sixty‐seven mutations (52% novel reported) among 88 non‐inversion subjects represent the high degree of heterogeneity of FVIII gene mutations causing HA. Characteristic of HA FVIII gene mutations extend our insight into structure–function relationship of the FVIII molecule.
IL‐24 is expressed during wound repair and inhibits TGFα‐induced migration and proliferation of keratinocytes
Authors: Poindexter Nancy J. , Williams Ryan R. , Powis Garth , Jen Emily , Caudle Abigail S. , Chada Sunil , Grimm Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: IL‐24 is expressed during wound repair and inhibits TGFα ‐induced migration and proliferation of keratinocytes. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 714–722.

Abstract:  Interleukin (IL)‐24 is the protein product of melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 7 (MDA‐7). Originally identified as a tumor suppressor molecule, MDA‐7 was renamed IL‐24 and classified as a cytokine because of its chromosomal location in the IL‐10 locus, its mRNA expression in leukocytes, and its secretory sequence elements. We previously reported that IL‐24 is expressed by cytokine‐activated monocytes and T lymphocytes. Here, we show that IL‐24 is expressed in keratinocytes during wound repair. Paraffin‐embedded tissues prepared from human skin sampled at days 2, 6, and 10 after wounding were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression of IL‐24. Protein expression was detected in the keratinocyte population with maximum expression at days 2 and 6, and no expression by day 10 (four of four subjects). In vitro studies showed that cytokines involved in wound repair, most notably transforming growth factor α (TGFα), TGFβ, IFNγ, and IFNβ, upregulated IL‐24 protein expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Examination of the function of IL‐24 in both in vitro wound repair and migration assays demonstrated that IL‐24 inhibits TGFα‐induced proliferation and migration of NHEKs. These data support the hypothesis that IL‐24 functions during an inflammatory response in the skin by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes.
Anadromy and the dispersal of an invasive fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Eastern Quebec, as revealed by otolith microchemistry
Authors: Thibault I. , Hedger R. D. , Dodson J. J. , Shiao J.‐C. , Iizuka Y. , Tzeng W.‐N.
Published: June 2010

Thibault I, Hedger RD, Dodson JJ, Shiao J‐C, Iizuka Y, Tzeng W‐N. Anadromy and the dispersal of an invasive fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Eastern Quebec, as revealed by otolith microchemistry. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 348–360. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is invading rivers bordering the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada). Some rivers in Eastern Quebec support self‐sustaining populations while adult vagrants are frequently captured in rivers where no reproduction has been confirmed. We hypothesised that the development of anadromy has promoted the species dispersal. Otolith Sr:Ca analyses revealed that although all fish captured in the upstream stocking region were freshwater residents, both anadromous and freshwater resident phenotypes were found downstream in Eastern Quebec. The proportion of fish exhibiting the anadromous life cycle increased with the distance from the stocking zone. Eastern Quebec steelhead migrated to sea at the same age but at a larger size than steelhead within their native range. Age at first reproduction was similar to that observed in native populations. The development of the anadromous life cycle enables this species to colonise new rivers following long‐distance migrations along the St. Lawrence Estuary corridor.
Cardiorespiratory fitness in aging men and women: the DR's EXTRA study
Authors: Hakola L. , Komulainen P. , Hassinen M. , Savonen K. , Litmanen H. , Lakka T. A. , Rauramaa R.
Published: June 2010

The aim of the study was to describe the levels and to create reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximal metabolic equivalents (METs) and maximal workload in aging men and women. We measured VO2max directly by a breath‐by‐breath method during a maximal exercise stress test on a bicycle ergometer with a linear workload increase of 20 W/min in a representative population sample of 672 men and 677 women aged 57–78 years. We presented the age and sex‐specific categories of cardiorespiratory fitness (very low, low, medium, high and very high) based on variable distribution and non‐linear regression models of VO2max, maximal METs and maximal workload. The linear age‐related decrement of VO2max was −0.047 L/min/year (−2.3%) and −0.404 mL/kg/min/year (−1.6%) in men and −0.027 L/min/year (−1.9%) and −0.328 mL/kg/min/year (−1.6%) in women. After exclusion of diseased individuals, the rate of VO2max decrement remained similar. The number of chronic diseases (0, 1, 2 or ≥3) was inversely associated with VO2max in men (P<0.001) and women (P<0.001). The present study provides clinically useful reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness for primary and secondary prevention purposes in aging people.
Aspects of activity behavior as a determinant of the physical activity level
Authors: Bonomi A. G. , Plasqui G. , Goris A. H. C. , Westerterp K. R.
Published: June 2010

This study investigated which aspects of the individuals' activity behavior determine the physical activity level (PAL). Habitual physical activity of 20 Dutch adults (age: 26–60 years, body mass index: 24.5±2.7 kg/m2) was measured using a tri‐axial accelerometer. Accelerometer output was used to identify the engagement in different types of daily activities with a classification tree algorithm. Activity behavior was described by the daily duration of sleeping, sedentary behavior (lying, sitting, and standing), walking, running, bicycling, and generic standing activities. Simultaneously, the total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using doubly labeled water. PAL was calculated as TEE divided by sleeping metabolic rate. PAL was significantly associated (P<0.05) with sedentary time (R=−0.72), and the duration of walking (R=0.49), bicycling (R=0.77), and active standing (R=0.62). A negative association was observed between sedentary time and the duration of active standing (R=−0.87; P<0.001). A multiple‐linear regression analysis showed that 75% of the variance in PAL could be predicted by the duration of bicycling (Partial R2=59%; P<0.01), walking (Partial R2=9%; P<0.05) and being sedentary (Partial R2=7%; P<0.05). In conclusion, there is objective evidence that sedentary time and activities related to transportation and commuting, such as walking and bicycling, contribute significantly to the average PAL.
Knockdown of FoxP2 alters spine density in Area X of the zebra finch
Authors: Schulz S. B. , Haesler S. , Scharff C. , Rochefort C.
Published: June 2010

Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor FoxP2 impair human speech and language. We have previously shown that deficits in vocal learning occur in zebra finches after reduction of FoxP2 in Area X, a striatal nucleus involved in song acquisition. We recently showed that FoxP2 is expressed in newly generated spiny neurons (SN) in adult Area X as well as in the ventricular zone (VZ) from which the SN originates. Moreover, their recruitment to Area X increases transiently during the song learning phase. The present report therefore investigated whether FoxP2 is involved in the structural plasticity of Area X. We assessed the proliferation, differentiation and morphology of SN after lentivirally mediated knockdown of FoxP2 in Area X or in the VZ during the song learning phase. Proliferation rate was not significantly affected by knockdown of FoxP2 in the VZ. In addition, FoxP2 reduction both in the VZ and in Area X did not affect the number of new neurons in Area X. However, at the fine‐structural level, SN in Area X bore fewer spines after FoxP2 knockdown. This effect was even more pronounced when neurons received the knockdown before differentiation, i.e. as neuroblasts in the VZ. These results suggest that FoxP2 might directly or indirectly regulate spine dynamics in Area X and thereby influence song plasticity. Together, these data present the first evidence for a role of FoxP2 in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines and complement the emerging evidence of physiological synaptic plasticity in FoxP2 mouse models.
Effect of Prerestorative Home‐bleaching on Microleakage of Self‐etch Adhesives
Authors: YAZICI A. RÜYA , KELEŞ ASLI , TUNCER DUYGU , BAŞEREN MESERRET
Published: June 2010

Background:  Tooth bleaching has become a routine treatment due to patients' esthetic demands.

Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate how prerestorative home‐bleaching affected microleakage of resin composite restorations bonded with etch‐and‐rinse and self‐etch adhesives.

Materials and Methods:  Fifty extracted human premolar teeth were used. The bleaching agent (10% carbamide peroxide) was applied to the buccal surface of each tooth for 6 hours a day for 2 weeks. The lingual surfaces of the same teeth received no application (control). The teeth were stored in artificial saliva. After 14 days, standardized Class V cavity preparations (2 mm high, 3 mm wide, and 2 mm deep) were made on the buccal and lingual surfaces with all margins in the enamel. They were randomly divided into five groups according to the adhesive systems: an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive (Single Bond [SB]), two two‐step self‐etch adhesives (Adper SE Plus [ASE] and One Coat [OC]), and two one‐step self‐etch adhesives (Adper Easy One [EO] and G‐Bond [GB]). All adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. The preparations were then restored using the same hybrid composite (Filtek Z250) in one increment and light‐cured. The teeth were thermocycled (5/55°C, 1,000×) and immersed in dye, then sectioned, and dye penetration was scored. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests.

Results:  Although statistically significant differences were found between the adhesive systems in the bleached teeth, no differences were observed in the control groups (non‐bleached teeth). There were significant differences between SB/GB, SB/EO, SB/OC, and GB/ASE in the bleached teeth (p < 0.05). When comparing bleached and non‐bleached teeth within each adhesive system, only SB and EO produced higher leakage scores when bleaching was applied. The other groups showed no difference in terms of bleaching (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:  Prerestorative home‐bleaching had an adverse effect on microleakage of SB and EO.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The effect of prerestorative home‐bleaching agents on microleakage of composite resin restorations differs according to the type of adhesive material used.

(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:186–193, 2010)
OPTIONS FOR DENTIN/ENAMEL BONDING: PART III
Authors: Swift Jr. Edward J.
Published: June 2010

Four categories of resin‐based dentin/enamel adhesives are currently available. These include the three‐step etch‐&‐rinse, “one‐bottle” etch‐&‐rinse, two‐step self‐etch primer systems, and “all‐in‐one” self‐etch adhesives. In consecutive issues of the Journal, the Critical Appraisal series is presenting salient publications on research in each of the categories. The first two installments focused on the etch‐&‐rinse systems. The series continues with this review of papers on the two‐step self‐etch primer systems.
Effect of microwave treatment on the shear bond strength of different types of commercial teeth to acrylic resin
Authors: Consani Rafael L. X. , Carmignani Mariana R. , Mesquita Marcelo F. , Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenço , Guiraldo Ricardo D.
Published: June 2010

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00333.x
 
Effect of microwave treatment on the shear bond strength of different types of commercial teeth to acrylic resin

Objective:  The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of microwave treatment on the shear bond strength of commercial types of teeth to acrylic resin, when the glossy ridge laps were unmodified (groups 1 and 5), bur abraded (groups 2 and 6), bur grooved (groups 3 and 7) or etched by monomer (groups 4 and 8).

Background:  Controversial findings have shown that mechanical or chemical changes in ridge‐lap surface of the tooth increase or decrease the bond strength between tooth and acrylic resin, and the microwave disinfection may cause different changes on this bond strength.

Materials and methods:  Eighty specimens (n = 10) were made with the acrylic resin bonded to tooth glossy ridge lap, polymerised in water at 74°C for 9 h, and deflasked after flask cooling. Specimens of the groups 5, 6, 7 and 8 were individually immersed in 150 ml of water and submitted to microwave treatment in an oven at 650 W for 3 min. Control specimens (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) were not microwave treated. Shear bond strength test was performed in an Instron machine with a cross‐speed of 1 mm/min. Collected data were submitted to anova and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results:  Microwave treatment decreased the shear bond strength values of the tooth/resin bond. In the microwaved and non‐microwaved procedures, mechanical retention improved the shear bond strength when compared with the control and monomer treatments.

Conclusion:  Shear bond strength of the tooth/resin bond was influenced by the microwave treatment and different commercial teeth association, and was lower for the Biotone tooth.
A comparison of the dental health of Brazilian and Canadian independently living elderly
Authors: Joaquim Andrea M.C. , Wyatt Chris C.L. , Aleksejūnienė Jolanta , Greghi Sebastiao L.A. , Pegoraro Luiz F. , Kiyak H. Asuman
Published: June 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00340.x
 
A comparison of the dental health of Brazilian and Canadian independently living elderly

Objective:  To compare the dental status of Brazilian and Canadian elderly populations with respect to socioeconomic and quality of life factors.

Materials and methods:  A total of 496 adults aged 60–75 years, having four or more teeth, and physically and cognitively suitable for a clinical oral examination were included. Subjects answered questions concerning their lifestyle and completed the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire.

Results:  In all populations, the majority were females, aged between 60 and 65 years and married. Although the Canadian New Immigrant population had lower mean income, they had more remaining teeth (23.04 ± 6.1), more functional teeth (sound and restored teeth) (14.92 ± 5.7), more sound teeth (15.40 ± 7.6), but more carious teeth (2.97 ± 3.0). The Brazilian population had higher numbers of restored teeth (12.26 ± 6.8) and fewer remaining teeth (17.80 ± 7.6). In all populations, females, married and younger (60–65 years old) adults were more likely to retain 20 or more teeth. The mean GOHAI scores were similar for Canadians (40.55 ± 5.7) and Canadian New Immigrants (39.28 ± 6.5), but were higher than that among Brazilians (31.97 ± 8.9).

Conclusions:  The numbers of remaining teeth were related to greater education and higher income status for Brazilian and Canadian populations. However, Canadian New Immigrants with lower income and education retained more teeth than the other populations.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‐catenin pathway is involved in toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated NADPH oxidase 1 expression in macrophages
Authors: Kim Jin‐Sik , Yeo Seungeun , Shin Dong‐Gu , Bae Yoe‐Sik , Lee Jae‐Jin , Chin Byung‐Rho , Lee Chu‐Hee , Baek Suk‐Hwan
Published: June 2010

Macrophage activation contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the vascular system, the major source of reactive oxygen species is the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family. Nox1 is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, but the expression mechanism is not fully understood. We found that LPS causes β‐catenin accumulation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inactivation, and that β‐catenin accumulation increases Nox1 expression. LPS induced Nox1 mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species generation in Raw264.7 cells. Using bone marrow‐derived macrophages from toll‐like receptor 4 mutant mice, we also tested whether LPS‐induced Nox1 expression is toll‐like receptor 4 dependent. LPS caused GSK3β phosphorylation, induced β‐catenin accumulation and increased nuclear translocation. The GSK3β inhibitor LiCl potentiated LPS‐induced Nox1 expression in accordance with β‐catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Conversely, ectopic expression of a constitutively active GSK3β mutant severely attenuated Nox1 expression. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway controlling Nox1 expression by LPS‐stimulated macrophages.
Expression profile of PIN, AUX/LAX and PGP auxin transporter gene families in Sorghum bicolor under phytohormone and abiotic stress
Authors: Shen ChenJia , Bai YouHuang , Wang SuiKang , Zhang SaiNa , Wu YunRong , Chen Ming , Jiang DeAn , Qi YanHua
Published: June 2010

Auxin is transported by the influx carriers auxin resistant 1/like aux1 (AUX/LAX), and the efflux carriers pin‐formed (PIN) and P‐glycoprotein (PGP), which play a major role in polar auxin transport. Several auxin transporter genes have been characterized in dicotyledonous Arabidopsis, but most are unknown in monocotyledons, especially in sorghum. Here, we analyze the chromosome distribution, gene duplication and intron/exon of SbPIN, SbLAX and SbPGP gene families, and examine their phylogenic relationships in Arabidopsis, rice and sorghum. Real‐time PCR analysis demonstrated that most of these genes were differently expressed in the organs of sorghum. SbPIN3 and SbPIN9 were highly expressed in flowers, SbLAX2 and SbPGP17 were mainly expressed in stems, and SbPGP7 was strongly expressed in roots. This suggests that individual genes might participate in specific organ development. The expression profiles of these gene families were analyzed after treatment with: (a) the phytohormones indole‐3‐acetic acid and brassinosteroid; (b) the polar auxin transport inhibitors 1‐naphthoxyacetic acids, 1‐naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid; and (c) abscissic acid and the abiotic stresses of high salinity and drought. Most of the auxin transporter genes were strongly induced by indole‐3‐acetic acid and brassinosteroid, providing new evidence for the synergism of these phytohormones. Interestingly, most genes showed similar trends in expression under polar auxin transport inhibitors and each also responded to abscissic acid, salt and drought. This study provides new insights into the auxin transporters of sorghum.
Floristic composition of an alpine grassland in Bandipora, Kashmir
Authors: Dad Javaid M. , Khan Anisa B.
Published: June 2010

Floristic composition of a high‐altitude alpine grassland, located in Bandipora district of Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir, was investigated. The grassland comprises three broad zones (a) flat valley with only few habitat types, (b) lower slope, and (c) upper slope with diverse habitat types (numerous rock boulders, rock crevices and high passes). Two study sites per zone (2 ha each) were established for vegetation survey. The degree of disturbance is most severe on the flat valley, while the upper slope experiences a light to moderate grazing due to steep slopes and high elevations. A total of 88 plant species belonging to 35 families and 70 genera were recorded in the grassland. Five dominant families are Asteraceae (15 spp.), Lamiaceae (8 spp.), Polygonaceae (5 spp.), Boraginaceae (4 spp.) and Rosaceae (3 spp.). The number of species is highest (40) in a site protected by nomads in the upper slope, while it is lowest (18) in an abandoned site in the flat valley. In terms of life form spectrum, the vegetation is characterized by a high proportion of hemicryptophytes followed by therophytes, indicating a heavy biotic interference in the form of overgrazing. Although the species richness is highest in the upper slope, the low occurrence of some rare and useful species in this zone demands a long term conservation plan, if their survival is to be continued in this grassland.
Effect of yacon silage on feed digestibility, blood characteristics and amount of urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine in ewes
Authors: Koike Akiko , Pradhan Rajeev , Murata Tatsuro , Yasuda Shin , Igoshi Keiji , Okamoto Chinobu , Kabata Kiyotaka
Published: June 2010

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is known as a root crop rich in fructans and polyphenol. In the present study, the effects of yacon silage (YS) on body weight change, digestibility of feed, blood characteristics and level of urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in ewes were evaluated. Ewes were fed basal diets (40% of soybean curd residue silage (SS) on a dry matter [DM] basis) supplemented with 60% of YS (YS group) or bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BH; BH group) on a DM basis for 36 days. YS did not influence the ewes’ body weight or digestibility of feed. The serum concentrations of total protein, glucose and total cholesterol of the YS group were significantly lower than those of the BH group (P < 0.05). Also the albumin to globulin (A/G) ratio was significantly higher in the YS group than in the BH group (P < 0.05). Suppressing the amount of glucose and total cholesterol seems to be an important role of YS rich in polyphenol in the maintenance of ewes’ health. Moreover, the amount of urinary 8‐OHdG showed a lower tendency in the YS group than in the BH group, though it was not significant. From the above results, it is suggested that YS is useful in ruminants as a supplementary feed that has a possibility of health promoting effects.
Financial Literacy among the Young
Authors: LUSARDI ANNAMARIA , MITCHELL OLIVIA S. , CURTO VILSA
Published: June 2010

We examined financial literacy among the young using the most recent wave of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We showed that financial literacy is low; fewer than one‐third of young adults possess basic knowledge of interest rates, inflation and risk diversification. Financial literacy was strongly related to sociodemographic characteristics and family financial sophistication. Specifically, a college‐educated male whose parents had stocks and retirement savings was about 45 percentage points more likely to know about risk diversification than a female with less than a high school education whose parents were not wealthy.