bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planer om et job?
Authors: Paulsen Hansen Magnus , Pultz Sabina , Jepsen Helene
Published: November 2023

I en dansk kontekst har arbejdsløse været styret gennem aktiveringspolitik i årtier, men under coronakrisen blev disse aktiveringspolitikker midlertidigt suspenderet. Hvad sker der, når en del af beskæftigelsessystemet sættes på hold som følge af pandemien, og hvordan former det oplevelsen af at være arbejdsløs? Baseret på dybdegående interview med 25 arbejdsløse under coronakrisen anvender vi Laurent Thévenots sociologi om engagementsregimer og undersøger, hvordan arbejdsløse henholdsvis engagerer sig i og underlægges forskellige engagementer. Vi undersøger, hvordan den arbejdsløses egne planer om at finde et job spiller sammen med eller står i spændingsforhold til andre engagementer. Artiklen bidrager med en undersøgelse af arbejdsløshedsoplevelsen under krisen, herunder hvordan suspenderingen giver mulighed for at undersøge virkningerne af den aktive beskæftigelsesindsats igennem dens fravær.
Danske resuméer
Authors: Temaredaktionen
Published: November 2023

Danske resuméer
Aldring, ensomhed og social navigation
Authors: Nielsen Mikka
Published: November 2023

På baggrund af en etnografisk undersøgelse af et tværkommunalt initiativ tilforebyggelse af depression blandt ældre undersøger jeg, dels hvordan forståelseraf depression og ensomhed knyttes sammen i det kommunale projekt, delshvordan ældre i målgruppen for projektet oplever savn af tætte relationer. Medanalytisk afsæt i begreber om social navigation og „anchoring points“ illustrererartiklen, at ældre selv langt ind i alderdommen ofte må begå sig i nye socialerelationer, hvilket kræver stærke evner til at navigere og indgå i omskifteligerelationer samt adskillige overvejelser over, hvordan disse relationer etableres,anvendes, plejes og „spares på“ for ikke at blive brugt op. Artiklen diskuterer afslutningsvis,hvordan etableringen af nye relationer, eksempelvis gennem kommunaleinitiativer til forebyggelse af depression, kan bidrage til meningsgivendeaktiviteter i hverdagen, men hvordan håndtering af oplevelser af sårbarhed,afhængighed og afmagt kræver gensidighed og tætte, intime relationer, der ofteknytter sig til familiære og længerevarende relationer.
Når støvet lægger sig
Authors: Grønbæk Jensen Stine
Published: November 2023

Ud fra en antagelse om, at de eksistentielle sider af aldring er faldet i baggrundenbåde i samfundet og i den antropologiske aldringsforskning, sætter artiklensig for at undersøge, hvordan de ældste i det danske samfund håndterer overgangentil den sene alderdom og livets afslutning. Artiklen belyser, at den senealderdom ofte er forbundet med forandringer og tab, hvor indre og ydre kræfterfår stadig større magt frem mod den dag, hvor livet slutter. Det gør den senealderdom til en livsfase, hvor eksistensen sættes på spil. Ud fra et livsløbsperspektivpeger forfatteren på, at kulturelt og historisk betingede værdier og dyderspiller en central rolle i de ældres bestræbelser på at håndtere deres situation.Fokus rettes derfor mod de ældres moralske arbejde og bestræbelser på at forbliveordentlige mennesker, der trods ændrede livsvilkår fortsat lever et værdigtliv ud fra deres moralske livsprojekter. Ud fra en fænomenologisk tilgang sætterartiklen samtidig fokus på, hvordan det moralske arbejde fortrinsvis udføresgennem hverdagens handlinger. Da meget af livet blandt de ældste foregår derhjemme,og da hjemmet kan ses som en forlængelse af selvet, argumentererforfatteren for, at hjemmet ofte indgår som vigtigt medium i disse bestræbelser.På den ene side anvendes hjemmet ofte af de ældre til at skabe kontinuitet i forholdtil selvbilleder og moralske projekter. På den anden side er det ofte også ikonfrontationen med hjemmets stadigt større overmagt, at de ældste begynderat orientere sig mod døden. Artiklen er baseret på en antropologisk undersøgelseblandt 20 ældre i Sorø, som nærmer sig eller har rundet de 90 år.
Gamle og kommende numre
Authors: Ryborg Jønsson Alexandra Brandt
Published: November 2023

Gamle og kommende numre
Interviewsamtale: Livet er en proces af at lære, hvordan man lever
Authors: Isfeldt Annika , Ingold Tim
Published: November 2023

Interviewsamtale mellem Annika Isfeldt og Tim Ingold
Danske resuméer
Authors: Krøijer Stine
Published: November 2023

Danske resuméer
EMI in Higher Education: Current Challenges
Authors: Marcjanik Miłosz
Published: November 2023

English Medium Instruction (EMI) consists in delivering content in English to students who are non-native speakers of English. With English becoming a supranational and intercultural tool of professional and academic communication, EMI is being introduced by various entities in higher education at a rapid pace in different parts of the world. The focal point of the present research on EMI is the collection of data provided by teachers and students regarding their attitudes toward EMI. Along with the immediate spread, numerous doubts have emerged that need to be addressed in order to render EMI more effective and accessible. This paper presents the current literature on the subject of EMI in higher education, where it is primarily present, and aims to recognize and provide an overview of the challenges that teachers and students face in education in which EMI is incorporated. The challenges may be identified in three main areas, that is at the level of policy and social processes, at the level of teacher’s agency, and finally at the level of students’ perspective. Some of the challenges may be fixed with basic policy changes; however, others, such as the factor of translanguaging, the methodology of establishing linguistic standards, or the process of transition between particular stages of education, require more research into the subject of EMI.
Food Symbolism and Imagery in the Polish Translations of William Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor
Authors: Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

The paper presents Polish equivalents of William Shakespeare’s food vocabulary based on The Merry Wives of Windsor. The analysis entails all Polish versions of the comedy, both its nineteenth-century renditions and contemporary post-war readings. The research aims to demonstrate how the lexical choices of Polish authors affect the interpretation of the play; in particular, it seeks to answer the question of how the imagery and symbolism of Shakespeare’s food vocabulary were altered in the process of translation.
Disulfide bridge-dependent dimerization triggers FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space
Authors: Lolicato F , Steringer JP , Saleppico R , Beyer D , Fernandez-Sobaberas J , Unger S , Klein S , Riegerová P , Wegehingel S , Müller HM , Schmitt XJ , Kaptan S , Freund C , Hof M , Šachl R , Chlanda P , Vattulainen I , Nickel W
Published: November 2023

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) exits cells by direct translocation across the plasma membrane, a type I pathway of unconventional protein secretion. This process is initiated by PI(4,5)P
2
-dependent formation of highly dynamic FGF2 oligomers at the inner plasma membrane leaflet, inducing the formation of lipidic membrane pores. Cell surface heparan sulfate chains linked to glypican-1 (GPC1) capture FGF2 at the outer plasma membrane leaflet, completing FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space. While the basic steps of this pathway are well understood, the molecular mechanism by which FGF2 oligomerizes on membrane surfaces remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate the initial step of this process to depend on C95-C95 disulfide-bridge-mediated FGF2 dimerization on membrane surfaces, producing the building blocks for higher FGF2 oligomers that drive the formation of membrane pores. We find FGF2 with a C95A substitution to be defective in oligomerization, pore formation, and membrane translocation. Consistently, we demonstrate a C95A variant of FGF2 to be characterized by a severe secretion phenotype. By contrast, while also important for efficient FGF2 secretion from cells, a second cysteine residue on the molecular surface of FGF2 (C77) is not involved in FGF2 oligomerization. Rather, we find C77 to be part of the protein-protein interaction interface through which FGF2 binds to the α1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, the landing platform for FGF2 at the inner plasma membrane leaflet. Using cross-linking mass spectrometry, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations combined with a machine learning analysis and cryo-electron tomography, we provide insights into a FGF2 dimerization interface that brings C95 residues in close proximity, resulting in disulfide bridged FGF2 dimers. We propose a mechanism by which they bind with high avidity to PI(4,5)P
2
on membrane surfaces. We further propose a tight coupling between FGF2 secretion and the formation of ternary signaling complexes on cell surfaces, hypothesizing that C95-C95 bridged FGF2 dimers are functioning as the molecular units triggering autocrine and paracrine FGF2 signaling.
Hsf1 and the molecular chaperone Hsp90 support a “rewiring stress response” leading to an adaptive cell size increase in chronic stress
Authors: Maiti Samarpan , Bhattacharya Kaushik , Wider Diana , Hany Dina , Panasenko Olesya , Bernasconi Lilia , Hulo Nicolas , Picard Didier
Published: November 2023

Cells are exposed to a wide variety of internal and external stresses. Whereas many studies have focused on cellular responses to acute and severe stresses, little is known about how cellular systems adapt to sublethal chronic stresses. Using mammalian cells in culture, we discovered that they adapt to chronic mild stresses of up to two weeks, notably proteotoxic stresses such as heat, by increasing their size and translation, thereby scaling the amount of total protein. These adaptations render them more resilient to persistent and subsequent stresses. We demonstrate that Hsf1, well known for its role in acute stress responses, is required for the cell size increase, and that the molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for coupling the cell size increase to augmented translation. We term this translational reprogramming the “rewiring stress response”, and propose that this protective process of chronic stress adaptation contributes to the increase in size as cells get older, and that its failure promotes aging.
Resistance exercise protects mice from protein-induced fat accretion
Authors: Trautman Michaela E. , Braucher Leah N. , Elliehausen Christian , Zhu Wenyuan G. , Zelenovskiy Esther , Green Madelyn , Sonsalla Michelle M. , Yeh Chung-Yang , Hornberger Troy A. , Konopka Adam R. , Lamming Dudley W.
Published: November 2023

Low protein (LP) diets extend the lifespan of diverse species, and are associated with improved metabolic health in both rodents and humans. Paradoxically, many athletes and bodybuilders consume high protein (HP) diets and protein supplements, yet are both fit and metabolically healthy. Here, we examine this paradox using weight pulling, a validated progressive resistance exercise training regimen, in mice fed either an LP diet or an isocaloric HP diet. We find that despite having lower food consumption than the LP group, HP-fed mice gain significantly more fat mass than LP-fed mice when not exercising, while weight pulling protected HP-fed mice from this excess fat accretion. The HP diet augmented exercise-induced hypertrophy of the forearm flexor complex, and weight pulling ability increased more rapidly in the exercised HP-fed mice. Surprisingly, exercise did not protect from HP-induced changes in glycemic control. Our results confirm that HP diets can augment muscle hypertrophy and accelerate strength gain induced by resistance exercise without negative effects on fat mass, and also demonstrate that LP diets may be advantageous in the sedentary. Our results highlight the need to consider both dietary composition and activity, not simply calories, when taking a precision nutrition approach to health.
Diversity in Notch ligand-receptor signaling interactions
Authors: Kuintzle Rachael , Santat Leah A , Elowitz Michael B
Published: November 2023

The Notch signaling pathway uses families of ligands and receptors to transmit signals to nearby cells. These components are expressed in diverse combinations in different cell types, interact in a many-to-many fashion, both within the same cell (in cis) and between cells (in trans), and their interactions are modulated by Fringe glycosyltransferases. A fundamental question is how the strength of Notch signaling depends on which pathway components are expressed, at what levels, and in which cells. Here, we used a quantitative, bottom-up, cell-based approach to systematically characterize trans-activation, cis-inhibition, and cis-activation signaling efficiencies across a range of ligand and Fringe expression levels in Chinese hamster and mouse cell lines. Each ligand (Dll1, Dll4, Jag1, and Jag2) and receptor variant (Notch1 and Notch2) analyzed here exhibited a unique profile of interactions, Fringe dependence, and signaling outcomes. All four ligands were able to bind receptors in cis and in trans, and all ligands trans-activated both receptors, although Jag1-Notch1 signaling was substantially weaker than other ligand-receptor combinations. Cis-interactions were predominantly inhibitory, with the exception of the Dll1- and Dll4-Notch2 pairs, which exhibited cis-activation stronger than trans-activation. Lfng strengthened Delta-mediated trans-activation and weakened Jagged-mediated trans-activation for both receptors. Finally, cis-ligands showed diverse cis-inhibition strengths, which depended on the identity of the trans-ligand as well as the receptor. The map of receptor-ligand-Fringe interaction outcomes revealed here should help guide rational perturbation and control of the Notch pathway.
A multi-hierarchical approach reveals D-serine as a hidden substrate of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters
Authors: Wiriyasermkul Pattama , Moriyama Satomi , Suzuki Masataka , Kongpracha Pornparn , Nakamae Nodoka , Takeshita Saki , Tanaka Yoko , Matsuda Akina , Miyasaka Masaki , Hamase Kenji , Kimura Tomonori , Mita Masashi , Sasabe Jumpei , Nagamori Shushi
Published: November 2023

Transporter research primarily relies on the canonical substrates of well-established transporters. This approach has limitations when studying transporters for the low-abundant micromolecules, such as micronutrients, and may not reveal physiological functions of the transporters. While D-serine, a trace enantiomer of serine in the circulation, was discovered as an emerging biomarker of kidney function, its transport mechanisms in the periphery remain unknown. Here, using a multi-hierarchical approach from body fluids to molecules, combining multi-omics, cell-free synthetic biochemistry, and
ex vivo
transport analyses, we have identified two types of renal D-serine transport systems. We revealed that the small amino acid transporter ASCT2 serves as a D-serine transporter previously uncharacterized in the kidney and discovered D-serine as a noncanonical substrate of the sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs). These two systems are physiologically complementary, but ASCT2 dominates the role in the pathological condition. Our findings not only shed light on renal D-serine transport, but also clarify the importance of non-canonical substrate transport. This study provides a framework for investigating multiple transport systems of various trace micromolecules under physiological conditions and in multifactorial diseases.
Prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Tiange , Lan Yu , Li Kecheng , Huang Honglang , Jiang Li
Published: November 2023

Background

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population, but the prognostic value of hs-cTn in the diabetic population remains inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review current evidence regarding the association between hs-cTn and the prognosis of diabetic patients.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database were searched from inception to May, 2023. Observational studies that investigated the prognostic value of hs-cTn in diabetic patients were included in this meta-analysis. Studies were excluded if they did not report outcomes of interest, or urine hs-cTn were measured. Two independent investigators extracted and analyzed the data according to the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Results

We included 30 cohort studies of 62,419 diabetic patients. After a median follow-up of 5 (4.1–9.5) years, the pooled results suggested elevation of hs-cTn was associated with a significantly increased risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) change 1.15, 95% CI [1.06–1.25], I2= 0%) and heart failure (adjusted HR per SD change 1.33, 95% CI [1.08–1.63], I2= 0%) in patients with diabetes. No significant association was found regarding the association between elevation of hs-cTn and risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR per SD change 1.24, 95% CI [0.98–1.57], I2= 0%). The results of sensitivity analyses were similar in prospective cohort studies, high-quality studies, or population without major cardiovascular comorbidities at baseline. hs-cTn may represent a strong and independent predictor of MACE and heart failure in diabetic patients. Future research is warranted to determine the appropriate cutoff value for hs-cTn with different comorbidities, for instance, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral artery diseases, etc.
PENGARUH PENGUATAN POSITIF TERHADAP SIKAP PERHATIAN MURID KELAS SATU SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Purba Romirio Torang , Putri Amelia Paramitha Dewi
Published: November 2023

Perhatian murid adalah sikap yang menunjukkan konsentrasi dan fokus saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Salah satu kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan sikap tersebut yakni melalui pemberian penguatan positif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penguatan positif terhadap sikap perhatian murid kelas satu sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Eksperimen Kuasi dengan Desain Posttest-Only. Jumlah subjek penelitian ada 40 murid, terdiri dari 20 murid untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 20 murid untuk kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitiannya berupa kuesioner sikap perhatian murid. Independent Sample t-Test digunakan sebagai teknik pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan positif berpengaruh terhadap sikap perhatian murid kelas satu sekolah dasar dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.027 < alpha = 0.05.
Obesity and Cardiac Conduction Block Disease in China
Authors: Liu Peipei , Wang Yanxiu , Zhang Xiaofu , Zhang Zihao , Zhao NaiHui , Ou Wenli , Wang Guodong , Yang Xuemei , Li Man , Zhang Yaya , Yang Xiuhong , Wu Shouling
Published: November 2023

Importance

Although a high body mass index (BMI) has been found to be associated with increased risk of cardiac conduction block (CCB) in older adults, no further studies have investigated the association between obesity and CCB in the general population.

Objective

To investigate the association between obesity and CCB, including its subtypes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from participants in the Kailuan Study in China (2006-2018) who had completed a physical examination in 2006 (baseline) and had not experienced CCB before baseline. Data analysis was conducted from March to September 2023.

Exposures

Obesity status was defined by BMI in 3 groups: normal weight (18.5 to <24), overweight (24 to <28), and obesity (≥28).

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was CCB, which was diagnosed from standard 12-lead electrocardiography. The primary end point included high-grade atrioventricular block (HAVB), complete right bundle branch block, complete left bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and left posterior fascicular block. First-degree atrioventricular block (FAVB), second-degree type 1 AVB, HAVB, complete and incomplete right and left bundle branch block, LAFB, and left posterior fascicular block were considered separately as secondary end points.

Results

Among 86 635 participants (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [11.9] years; 68 205 males [78.7%]), there were 33 259 individuals with normal weight (38.4%), 37 069 individuals with overweight (42.8%), and 16 307 individuals with obesity (18.8%). The mean (SD) follow-up was 10.6 (3.07) years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of incident CCB (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42) vs normal BMI. In secondary analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of FAVB (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.21-1.73), HAVB (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.82), and LAFB (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62) vs normal BMI. There was no association between obesity and other CCB subtypes. Obesity was associated with a greater increase in risk of CCB vs normal BMI in older (aged ≥65 years; HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.96) vs younger (aged <65 years; HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96-1.34) participants (P for interaction < .001) and those with diabetes (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24-3.76) vs without diabetes (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) (P for interaction = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of CCB, with greater increases in risk for FAVB, HAVB, and LAFB. Individuals who were older and those who had diabetes had larger increases in risk.
Regional Vulnerability Indices in Youth With Persistent and Distressing Psychoticlike Experiences
Authors: Karcher Nicole R. , Modi Hailey , Kochunov Peter , Gao Si , Barch Deanna M.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Distressing and persistent psychoticlike experiences (PLEs) in youth are associated with greater odds of developing psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Despite this risk, it is unclear whether early PLEs show similar brain patterns compared with adults with psychiatric and neurologic conditions.

Objective

To examine the degree to which persistent and distressing PLEs exhibit neural metrics that show similarity to adults with chronic psychiatric and neurologic conditions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study examining the persistence and distress associated with PLEs across the first 3 waves of data with baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Analyzed data were collected between September 1, 2016, and September 27, 2021. Children were recruited from 21 research sites across the US.

Exposures

Psychoticlike experiences were assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version, and participants were categorized into groups based on the persistence and distress associated with PLEs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cortical and subcortical regional vulnerability indices (RVIs) were created by quantifying the similarity of participants’ baseline neuroimaging measures to the expected patterns found in adult neuropsychiatric samples. The PLE groups were compared on the following RVI cortical and subcortical metrics: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and metabolic diseases.

Results

Analyses examined PLE groups created from 8242 children in the ABCD sample (52.5% male; mean [SD] age, 9.93 [0.63] years; and 56.3% White), including persistent distressing PLEs (n = 329), transient distressing PLEs (n = 396), persistent nondistressing PLEs (n = 234), transient nondistressing PLEs (n = 390), and low distressing PLEs (n = 6893) groups. Participants with persistent or transient distressing PLEs broadly showed increased subcortical RVI scores across most RVI metrics, with persistent distressing PLEs additionally showing increased scores for cortical RVI metrics. The greatest effect sizes were found for persistent distressing PLEs with cortical RVI-schizophrenia spectrum disorders (β estimate, 1.055; 95% CI, 0.326-1.786) and RVI-Alzheimer disease (β estimate, 2.473; 95% CI, 0.930-4.018).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of ABCD participants, the findings suggest that especially the persistent distressing PLEs in children were associated with neural metrics resembling those observed in adults with severe psychiatric and neurologic conditions. These findings support the potential use of brain-based risk scores for early identification and precision medicine approaches in the assessment of PLEs.
SMAD2/3 signaling regulates initiation of mouse Wolffian ducts and proximal differentiation in Müllerian ducts
Authors: Nakajima Tadaaki , Imai Akihiro , Ishii Chihiro , Tsuruyama Kota , Yamanaka Risa , Tomooka Yasuhiro , Saito Shinta , Adachi Noritaka , Kohno Satomi , Sato Tomomi
Published: November 2023

Male and female reproductive tracts develop from anterior intermediate mesoderm with similar differentiation processes. The anterior intermediate mesoderm develops into the mesonephros, and the Wolffian duct initiates by epithelialization in the mesonephros. The Müllerian duct invaginates from the coelomic epithelium of the cranial mesonephros for ductal formation and is then regionalized into proximal to caudal female reproductive tracts. In this study, we focused on the epithelialization of the Wolffian duct, initiation of the Müllerian duct, and the regionalization step of the Müllerian ducts as a continuous process. By using intermediate mesodermal cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells, we identified that inhibition of SMAD2/3 signaling might be involved in the differentiation into mesenchymal cells, after which mesonephric cells might be then epithelialized during differentiation of the Wolffian duct. Aggregation of coelomic epithelial cells might be related to initiation of the Müllerian duct. Transcriptomic analysis predicted that consensus sequences of SMAD3/4 were enriched among highly expressed genes in the proximal Müllerian duct. SMAD2/3 signaling to regulate differentiation of the Wolffian duct was continuously activated in the proximal Müllerian duct and was involved in proximal and oviductal regionalization. Therefore, SMAD2/3 signaling may be finely tuned to regulate differentiation from initiation to regionalization steps.
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Thin Films for Pseudocapacitive Applications
Authors: Yip Benjamin Rui Peng , Javier Vázquez Ricardo , Jiang Yan , McCuskey Samantha R. , Quek Glenn , Ohayon David , Wang Xuehang , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: November 2023

A subclass of organic semiconductors known as conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) is characterized by a conjugated backbone with ionic pendant groups. The water solubility of CPEs typically hinders applications of thin films in aqueous media. Herein, it is reported that films of an anionic CPE, namely CPE‐K, drop cast from water produces single‐component solid‐state pseudocapacitive electrodes that are insoluble in aqueous electrolyte. That X‐ray diffraction experiments reveal a more structurally ordered film, relative to the as‐obtained powder from chemical synthesis, and dynamic light scattering measurements show an increase in aggregate particle size with increasing [KCl] indicate that CPE‐K films are insoluble because of tight interchain contacts and electrostatic screening by the electrolyte. CPE‐K film electrodes can maintain 85% of their original capacitance (84 F g−1) at 500 A g−1 and exhibit excellent cycling stability, where a capacitance retention of 93% after 100 000 cycles at a current density of 35 A g−1. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to use initially water soluble ionic‐organic materials in aqueous electrolytes, by increasing the electrolyte concentration. This strategy can be applied to the application of conjugated polyelectrolytes in batteries, organic electrochemical transistors, and electrochemical sensors, where fast electron and ion transport are required.
Recent Progress in Poly (3,4‐Ethylene Dioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Based Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sharma Govind Kumar , Joseph Sneha L , James Nirmala Rachel
Published: November 2023

Recent technological developments have made the emission of electromagnetic (EM) radiation a significant source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). These EMIs consist of stray EM radiations that damage and malfunction electronics and telecommunication systems. Scientists have made countless efforts to solve these problems. The demand for EMI shielding materials is fast growing due to the increasing complexity of the EM environment and EMI. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) is an intrinsically conductive polymer that has attracted attention due to its high electrical conductivity, processability, and environmental stability. The use of PEDOT:PSS as a shielding material for EMI is a promising alternative to traditional metal‐based materials. This review provides an overview of different strategies explored for the preparation of PEDOT: PSS‐based composites for EMI shielding and the use of carbonic fillers, metal and metal nanoparticles, magnetic particles, and MXenes in these composites. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed, and future perspectives for the development of PEDOT:PSS composites for EMI shielding are presented. The paper concludes that PEDOT‐PSS‐based composites offer significant potential for the development of lightweight, thin, flexible, and cost‐effective green EMI shielding materials, and continued research in this field can lead to their widespread commercialization and adoption.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes from Propargylic Carbonates through a Borylation‐1,2‐Elimination Process
Authors: Jarava‐Barrera Carlos , Parra Alejandro , Quesada Sergio , Orgaz‐Gordillo Sergio , Fernández de la Pradilla Roberto , Viso Alma , Teresa Javier , Alonso Inés , Tortosa Mariola
Published: November 2023

An array of enantioenriched vinyl boronates bearing an allylic carbonate moiety have been prepared through selective hydroboration of propargyl carbonates. Treatment of these vinyl boronates with TBAF in THF affords enantioenriched 1,3‐disubstituted allenes through a novel 1,2‐anti elimination in good yields and high enantiospecificities.
Direct Regenerating Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lan Yuanqi , Li Xinke , Zhou Guangmin , Yao Wenjiao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Tang Yongbing
Published: November 2023

Recycling cathode materials from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is critical to a sustainable society as it will relief valuable but scarce recourse crises and reduce environment burdens simultaneously. Different from conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, direct regeneration relies on non‐destructive cathode‐to‐cathode mode, and therefore, more time and energy‐saving along with an increased economic return and reduced CO2 footprint. This review retrospects the history of direct regeneration and discusses state‐of‐the‐art development. The reported methods, including high‐temperature solid‐state, hydrothermal/ionothermal, molten salt thermochemistry, and electrochemical method, are comparatively introduced, targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism and applicability. Further, representative repairing and upcycling studies on wide‐applied cathodes, including LiCoO2 (LCO), ternary oxides, LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiMn2O4 (LMO), are presented, with an emphasis on milestone cases. Despite these achievements, there remain several critical issues that shall be addressed before the commercialization of the mentioned direct regeneration methods.
Enzyme‐Responsive Branched Glycopolymer‐Based Nanoassembly for Co‐Delivery of Paclitaxel and Akt Inhibitor toward Synergistic Therapy of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Song Xiaohai , Cai Hao , Shi Zhaochen , Li Zhiqian , Zheng Xiuli , Yang Kun , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Hu Jiankun , Luo Kui
Published: November 2023

Combined chemotherapy and targeted therapy holds immense potential in the management of advanced gastric cancer (GC). GC tissues exhibit an elevated expression level of protein kinase B (AKT), which contributes to disease progression and poor chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Inhibition of AKT expression through an AKT inhibitor, capivasertib (CAP), to enhance cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX) toward GC cells is demonstrated in this study. A cathepsin B‐responsive polymeric nanoparticle prodrug system is employed for co‐delivery of PTX and CAP, resulting in a polymeric nano‐drug BPGP@CAP. The release of PTX and CAP is triggered in an environment with overexpressed cathepsin B upon lysosomal uptake of BPGP@CAP. A synergistic therapeutic effect of PTX and CAP on killing GC cells is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CAP may inhibit AKT expression, leading to suppression of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Encouragingly, CAP can synergize with PTX to exert potent antitumor effects against GC after they are co‐delivered via a polymeric drug delivery system, and this delivery system helped reduce their toxic side effects, which provides an effective therapeutic strategy for treating GC.
Metal‐free Fabrication of Nitrogen‐doped Vertical Graphene on Graphite Felt Electrodes with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transport for High‐performance Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Guo Jincong , Pan Lyuming , Sun Jing , Wei Dongbo , Dai Qiuxia , Xu Junhui , Li Quanlong , Han Meisheng , Wei Lei , Zhao Tianshou
Published: November 2023

Graphite felt is commonly used in redox flow batteries, but the low specific surface area and poor catalytic activity cause unsatisfactory mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Here, nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene is in‐situ grown on graphite felt via a metal‐free chemical vapor deposition method, which exhibits a high specific surface area and remarkable catalytic activity due to abundant exposed high‐density sharp graphene edges and nitrogen doping. Multiphysical simulations reveal that the vertical‐standing nanostructure promotes the accessibility of vanadium ions to electrode/electrolyte interfaces, effectively decreasing the mass transport resistance of active species. Density functional theory calculation evidence shows that nitrogen doping aids in the improvement of catalytic activity via boosting vanadium ions’ adsorption and redox. Consequently, the nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene/graphite felt electrode shows an energy efficiency of 87.1% at 200 mA cm−2, significantly higher than that of pristine (65.9%) and air‐oxidize (73.1%) electrodes, an energy efficiency over 80.2% at 300 mA cm−2 during 1500 cycles, and a high‐peak power density of 1308.56 mW cm−2, which are superior to previously reported carbon nanomaterial decorated electrodes for flow batteries. Significantly, the synthesis process only involves gas‐phase reactions without metal catalysts to avoid hydrogen evolution reactions. This work provides an exciting pathway for developing high‐performance electrodes for flow batteries.
Self‐Powered Intelligent Damper Integrated Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Unit for Vibration In Situ Monitoring of Stay Cables
Authors: Zhang Weiqi , Zhang Xiaosong , Yu Yang , Cheng Xiaojun , Li Hengyu , Liu Shiming , Meng Lixia , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai
Published: November 2023

Monitoring and controlling the vibration of bridge cables can maintain the health of the bridge structure and prolong the service life. This work proposes a novel self‐powered intelligent damper (SID) integrated triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid unit for vibration in situ monitoring of stay cables. Among them, the sensing function of the SID is realized by an arched membrane triboelectric nanogenerator (AM‐TENG), and the energy harvesting is realized by a three‐phase electromagnetic generator (TP‐EMG). The working principle and performance are investigated. Rotating and linear experimental platforms are built to verify the SID's low‐frequency (0.25–1.50 Hz) performance, including sensing, power generation, and vibration reduction. The experimental result indicates that the fitting vibration speed coefficient of the bridge cable with the AM‐TENG signal frequency is 0.990. In addition, the TP‐EMG achieves a peak power of 1.21 W. At 0.1 A power supply, the SID can output a damping force of 50 N. Finally, an experimental system is constructed to verify the viability of the SID in bridge cable vibration monitoring and vibration reduction. This work provides a feasible solution for further optimizing the bridge structure health monitoring and maintenance system.
Unlocking ion Storage Chemistry in Aqueous Batteries via Operando Smartphone Multispectral Techniques
Authors: Sun Peng , Ji Zhong , Qiu Meijia , Liu Yujin , Han Kai , Chen Naheng , Wang Zhong Lin , Mai Wenjie
Published: November 2023

Real‐time monitoring of the dynamic charging process and state‐of‐charge inside energy storage systems is crucial for ensuring their sustainable operation. Here, a novel computational multispectral imaging reconstruction (MSIRC) strategy is presented using a smartphone for in situ monitoring of the optical states of aqueous batteries via transparent monitoring window, allowing analysis of ion storage chemistry and real‐time capacity variations. Prussian blue and MnO2 that exhibit significant and subtle color changes during the ion storage process are selected to validate this approach. Time‐domain reconstructed reflectance spectra are capable of selecting the proper wavelength with the largest variation in reconstructed reflectance and precisely monitor the ion storage process of these two materials. This indicates MSIRC's rapidly distinguishing capability between electrodes with unique ion storage mechanisms and great potential in recognizing new materials with unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the MSIRC technique can perform operando monitoring for several kinds of Zn ion batteries using cathodes with different ion storage mechanisms. These imply the ability of MSIRC to detect the real‐time healthy state of batteries at the device level and judge the inside varying ion storage mechanism.
Self‐Assembled Lithiophilic Interface with Abundant Nickel‐Bis(Dithiolene) Sites Enabling Highly Durable and Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yaoda , Ke Si‐Wen , Qiao Gefei , Liang Junchuan , Zhou Xiaocheng , Song Xinmei , Tie Zuoxiu , Yuan Shuai , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Jin Zhong
Published: November 2023

Despite its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and ultralow redox electrochemical potential, the practical application of lithium metal anodes is still hampered by severe dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a self‐assembled lithiophilic interface (SALI) for regulating Li electroplating behavior is constructed by introducing a meticulously synthesized Ni‐bis(dithiolene)‐based molecule (NiS4‐COOH) into a hybrid fluorinated ester‐ether electrolyte. The NiS4‐COOH molecules with carboxyl functional groups can spontaneously anchor on the Li metal surface to form a SALI, whose abundant Ni‐bis(dithiolene) sites can effectively reduce the initial Li deposition overpotential and guide the subsequent uniform Li electrodeposition. Moreover, due to the interaction between the coordination unsaturated Ni atom and the negatively charged PF6−, the NiS4‐COOH additive can significantly change the ionic coordination environment in the electrolyte, which is greatly conducive to suppressing PF6− decomposition, optimizing SEI composition and accelerating Li‐ion transfer. Consequently, the NiS4‐COOH‐modified electrolyte leads to impressive electrochemical performance of Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 batteries, delivering ultrahigh Coulombic efficiencies, considerable capacity retention, and good rate performance even at high areal active material loadings. This study presents the great potential of SALIs derived from multifunctional metal‐organic hybrid electrolyte additives toward high‐specific‐energy Li metal batteries.
Manipulating the Charge Carriers Through Functionally Bridged Components Advances Low‐Cost Organic Solar Cells with Green Solvent Processing
Authors: Dela Peña Top Archie , Ma Ruijie , Luo Yongmin , Xing Zengshan , Wei Qi , Hai Yulong , Li Yao , Garcia Sheena Anne , Yeung King Lun , Jia Tao , Wong Kam Sing , Yan He , Li Gang , Li Mingjie , Wu Jiaying
Published: November 2023

Organic solar cell (OSC) development continues to demonstrate impressive device efficiency improvements. However, the materials synthetic simplicity essential to industrialization remains seriously lacking attention, imparting inferior performance records in low‐cost devices. Hence, low bandgap and completely non‐fused electron acceptors (CNFEAs) having simple molecular structures are investigated herein. In contrast to typically explored fused‐ring acceptors with smaller backbone conformational variations, minimizing the interface recombination sites through a greater extent of localized domains is identified as more critical in CNFEAs, leading to remarkable fill factors (FFs) approaching 75%, among the highest currently realized for low‐cost systems. However, this comes with diminishing charge generation efficiency. The general ternary blend optimization strategy modifying the morphology of host components is limited in preserving such remarkably high FFs. To suppress the trade‐off while keeping notable FFs, a new perspective of constructing functionally bridged components based on optical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties is introduced here. Specifically, charge generation is unrestrained from the host acceptor localized domains through the introduction of a “bridge” component while also taking advantage of the configuration to channel polarons toward the efficient transport moieties of the host components. Accordingly, this work incubates understanding‐guided optimizations toward the advancement of more practical devices.
A globally convergent composite‐step trust‐region framework for real‐time optimization
Authors: Zhang Duo , Li Xiang , Wang Kexin , Shao Zhijiang
Published: November 2023

Inaccurate models limit the performance of model‐based real‐time optimization (RTO) and even cause system instability. Therefore, a RTO framework that guarantees global convergence in the presence of plant‐model mismatch is desired. In this regard, the trust‐region framework is intuitive and simple to implement for unconstrained problems. Constrained RTO problems are converted to unconstrained ones by the penalty function, and global convergence is guaranteed if the penalty coefficient is large enough. However, a sufficiently large penalty coefficient is hard to determine and may lead to numerical difficulties. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel composite‐step trust‐region framework for constrained RTO problems that handles inequality constraints directly. The trial step is decomposed into a normal step that improves feasibility and a tangential step that reduces the cost function. A rigorous proof of its global convergence property is given.
Binary‐Stochasticity‐Enabled Highly Efficient Neuromorphic Deep Learning Achieves Better‐than‐Software Accuracy
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Wei , Wang Ming , Dou Chunmeng , Ma Zhengyu , Zhou Huihui , Zhang Peng , Lepri Nicola , Zhang Xumeng , Luo Qing , Xu Xiaoxin , Yang Guanhua , Zhang Feng , Li Ling , Ielmini Daniele , Liu Ming
Published: November 2023

In this work, the requirement of using high‐precision (HP) signals is lifted and the circuits for implementing deep learning algorithms in memristor‐based hardware are simplified. The use of HP signals is required by the backpropagation learning algorithm since the gradient descent learning rule relies on the chain product of partial derivatives. However, it is both challenging and biologically implausible to implement such an HP algorithm in noisy and analog memristor‐based hardware systems. Herein, it is demonstrated that the requirement for HP signals handling is not necessary and more efficient deep learning can be achieved when using a binary stochastic learning algorithm. The new algorithm proposed in this work modifies elementary neural network operations, which improves energy efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional memristor‐based hardware and three orders of magnitude compared to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐based hardware. It also provides better accuracy in pattern recognition tasks than the HP learning algorithm benchmarks.
Robotic Cardiac Compression Device Using Artificial Muscle Filaments for the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Phan Phuoc Thien , Davies James , Hoang Trung Thien , Thai Mai Thanh , Nguyen Chi Cong , Ji Adrienne , Zhu Kefan , Sharma Bibhu , Nicotra Emanuele , Hayward Christopher , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Lovell Nigel. H. , Do Thanh Nho
Published: November 2023

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump adequate blood to the body, which afflicts over 60 million people worldwide. Its treatment options include physiotherapy, medication, mechanical heart support, heart surgery, or heart transplantation. Ventricular assist devices have direct blood contact while passive ventricular constraint devices have only modest therapeutic efficacy. Current direct cardiac compression devices are either bulky, require noisy driving pneumatic sources, or are unable to mimic the natural heart motion. This study introduces a robotic cardiac compression device made of soft artificial muscle filaments that can simultaneously produce radial, axial, and torsional movements, potentially augmenting the pumping function of a failing heart. An empirical model is developed to describe the device motion and an artificial pericardium is employed to enable uniform force distribution to the heart and real‐time pressure sensing. The proposed device could deliver a stroke volume of 70 mL at 15 beats per minute, or a cardiac output of 1.05 L min−1, and achieve a peak instantaneous flow rate of 2.8 L min−1 and an output pressure of 50 mmHg. The new devices are highly customizable and experimentally validated with fresh porcine heart. They are expected to inspire future development of nonblood‐contacting cardiac assist devices.
Propulsion of Planar V‐Shaped Microswimmers in a Conically Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Duygu Yasin Cagatay , Cheang U Kei , Leshansky Alexander M. , Kim Min Jun
Published: November 2023

Planar magnetic microswimmers bear great potential for in vivo biomedical applications as they can be mass‐produced at minimal costs using standard photolithography techniques. Therefore, it is central to understand how to control their motion. This study examines the propulsion of planar V‐shaped microswimmers in an aqueous solution powered by a conically rotating magnetic field and compares the experimental results with theory. Propulsion is investigated upon altering the cone angle of the driving field. It is shown that a V‐shaped microswimmer magnetized along its symmetry axis exhibits unidirectional in‐sync propulsion with a constant (frequency‐independent) velocity in a limited band of actuation frequencies. It is also demonstrated that the motion of individual and multiple in‐plane magnetized planar microswimmers in a conically rotating field can be efficiently controlled.