bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological activities of chalcone derivatives
Authors:   , Danova Ade
Published: June 2024

Chalcones have drawn attention due to the simple structures and wide spectra of biological activities. Their core structure bearing diaryl rings with α,β-unsaturated ketone was generated easily using Claisen-Schmidt condensation. In this study, one hundred and eight chalcones and their derivatives were synthesized; among them, twenty-five were disclosed as new compounds. All synthesized chalcones were well-characterized by means of spectroscopy and evaluated for their anti-cancer (A549) and anti-inflammatory activities, and α-glucosidase inhibition. For anti-cancer activity, 3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl on the A ring, and hydroxy and methoxy groups on the B ring exhibited high potent inhibitory activity against A549 with three best potent compounds (4, 6, and 7). For anti-inflammatory activity, lead compounds including 2'-hydroxychalcone (34, 35, 42, 43, 45, and 48) and six 4'-aminochalcones (54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 70) showed high potent NO inhibitory activity without toxicity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. For α-glucosidase inhibitors, N-monoalkyl-4'-aminochalcones with the hydroxy group at meta and the methoxy at para position on the B ring (89, 91, 92) exhibited high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an uncompetitive inhibition mode. Moreover, E-arylidene steroids were investigated and three compounds (107, 108, 110) exhibited high potency as α-glucosidase inhibitors with mixed, noncompetitive, and competitive inhibition mode, respectively.
Integrating human and ecotoxicological impacts into willingness to pay evaluation: transition from paraquat to atrazine use in sweet corn cultivation
Authors:   , Toolkiattiwong Patharanun
Published: June 2024

The paraquat ban has led to a shift in the use of pesticides in sweet corn cultivation, atrazine as one of the alternative pesticides. This change has led to altered human-ecological impacts that have yet to be explored. The related monetary values of farmers as reflected through their willingness to pay is unknown. This study assessed the health and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts of paraquat and atrazine in soil cultivation using the USEtox 2.12 model. The value of farmers on the impact of the change was explained by willingness to pay (WTP). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) factors, a psychological theory that links beliefs to behavior was applied to consider factors that affect willingness to pay using ordered logit model. The questionnaire surveys of sweet corn farmers in Lopburi, Saraburi and Nakhon Ratchasima Provinces were interviewed twice via telephone. The study of 41 farmers indicated that farmers had used paraquat before being banned for 0.86±0.27 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/rai/year was substituted by 0.92±0.43 kg a.i./rai/year for atrazine. Based on toxicological data, human toxicities were slightly higher on the paraquat use (1.33×10-6±4.21×10-7 disability adjusted life years (DALY)) than the atrazine use (1.30×10-6±6.21×10-7 DALY). On the other hand, the corresponding ecological toxicity were significantly lower on the paraquat use (68.37±21.7 potentially disappeared fraction of species (PDF). m3.day) than the atrazine use (1262.67±600.83 PDF.m3.day). Farmer's average willingness to pay to reduce human and ecological toxicity from the current pesticide use was 216.46±132.28 baht/year and 162.44±111.74 baht/year, respectively. The results on TPB factors affecting willingness to pay revealed that farmers with neutral subjective norms towards agricultural scholars were less likely to be willing to pay to reduce ecotoxicity impact than farmers with positive subjective norms (p≤0.05). These findings provide useful information to relevant agencies to improve the effectiveness of pesticide policies for sustainable cultivation of sweet corn.
Cyanide fluorescent sensors from indolium-fluorophore conjugates
Authors:   , Soonthonhut Siraporn
Published: June 2024

Indolium conjugated with three fluorophores including julolidine, triphenylamine, and pyrene (INJ, INT, INP) were successfully synthesized via condensation reaction with an excellent yield over 80%. All of derivatives were fully characterized and investigated the photophysical properties revealing that synthesized indolium-fluorophore conjugates has a negligible quantum yield. All synthesized compounds expressed the great selectivity toward cyanide ion indicating by colorimetric and fluorescence signal change due to internal charge transfer process (ICT) was interrupted. The sensitivity on cyanide detection was carried on both colorimetric and fluorescence mode resulting the excellent sensitivity on INT and INJ which can be operated for analysis of cyanide concentration that lower than EPA guidance. 1H-NMR, Job’s plot and mass spectrometry were used to confirm the sensing mechanism between indolium-fluorophore conjugates and cyanide. 1H-NMR indicated the 1,2-nucleophilic addition of cyanide with 1:1 ratio that provided by Job’s plot pattern. With the lowest LOD at 24 nM on fluorescence mode in aqueous system, INT was applied for real water samples analysis illustrating the high accuracy and precision with 98-106% recovery. Moreover, the preliminary result of convenient paper-based sensor for cyanide analysis was carried out successfully.
Discrimination of geographical origins of coffees by paper spray mass spectrometry
Authors:   , Pumbua Rujirat
Published: June 2024

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities, and the demand for specialty coffee and single-origin coffees is also increasing significantly. Methods that can effectively differentiate the origins of coffee is tremendously beneficial. In this work, paper spray – mass spectrometry (PS-MS) was used as a tool for collecting chemical profiles of coffees for differentiating their origins. The acquired data was then processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), resulting in successful identification of the origins of coffee with prediction accuracies of 80-100%. Studies with the aforementioned performance include the discrimination of Arabica vs Robusta, Arabica coffees from different geographical origins, Robusta coffees from different geographical origins, and geographical origins of Arabica coffees within each province in Thailand. Furthermore, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in combination with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was also evaluated as an alternative method for collection of chemical data. This method was found to also provide good performance for the classification of coffees. In brief, the overall workflow in both cases is simple, with little sample pre-treatment, but yet effective for distinguishing origins of coffee.
Hydrogen production by steam reforming of bioethanol and fusel oil over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet and Ni/SiC
Authors:   , Suriya Porapak
Published: June 2024

In this research, hydrogen production is performed by steam reforming of bio-alcohol over Ni-based catalysts. First section of the study, Ni/SiC catalyst was synthesized and used in steam reforming of fusel oil (FSR). The SiC support was prepared by pyrolysis of rice husk at 1500 °C to obtain β-SiC phase, which benefit to reduce the carbon formation due to its good thermal conductivity and durability. The Ni/SiC1500 indicated 90% of fusel oil gas conversion and 29% of hydrogen yield during a 300 min of steam reforming of fusel oil at 700 °C, hence presenting a good performance, and remaining stable in the steam reforming test. However, there were some restrictions in FSR catalytic performances. This is because fusel oil is a mixed alcohol, suggesting the complexity of reactions when applying to a steam reforming reaction. To improve the catalytic performances in terms of catalyst development, two-dimension ZSM-5 nanosheet was considered as a catalyst support for Ni catalysts due to its high surface area, porous structure properties, and thermal stability. Moreover, Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet was applied to bioethanol steam reforming (ESR) instead of FSR because the reaction mechanism of ESR has been widely considered in the previous literature for many years and it provides insights into the catalyst development. Hence, the second part of the research investigates on ESR over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet. Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet (in-situ) catalyst was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal process, using ethylenediamine as surfactant directing agent for nickel stabilizing precursor. The catalyst presented 65% of H2 yield, 88% of ethanol conversion and only 17wt% of coke deposition under steam reforming of bioethanol at 550 °C, compared to impregnated catalyst. This was because two-dimension ZSM-5 nanosheet benefits to reduce the carbon formation due to the decrease in surface diffusion barriers. Moreover, in-situ method presented well encapsulated small size of nickel particles in the interconnected lamellar layers of ZSM-5 nanosheet to prevent nickel sinter and coke, hence giving an excellent catalytic performance, and maintaining a 48 h of longevity during the steam reforming of bioethanol.
DNA-templated synthesis of cationic styryl dyes
Authors:   , Faikhruea Kriangsak
Published: June 2024

Styryl dye is a class of pi-conjugated dye that shows several desirable optical properties, such as high photostability, solvatochromic characteristics, and high fluorescence quantum yields. Due to the responsiveness to the binding with the target biomolecules such as nucleic acids, some of these dyes have been widely employed for biomolecular detection and cellular imaging. These dyes are typically synthesized via an aldol-type reaction between a methyl heterocycle and an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of acid or base as a catalyst. However, the conventional method of synthesizing these dyes is inefficient, time-consuming, and involves the use of excessive chemicals, as each dye must be prepared and isolated before evaluating its optical properties. DNA-templated synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful approach for synthesizing different types of organic molecules. This method allows for the rapid and convenient synthesis of diverse targets at microscopic scales, which is crucial during the discovery phase. The objective of this study is to develop a novel DNA-templated reaction for synthesizing cationic styryl cyanine dyes. The key to the success of the proposed method relies on the electrostatic binding of two cationic coupling partners (the heterocycles and aromatic aldehydes) to the DNA template. This brings the two coupling partners in close proximity and proper orientation for the reaction, resulting in an accelerated formation of the dye. The concept of the DNA-templated synthesis strategy was proven, and it successfully produced the desired styryl dyes from a wide range of substrates in a combinatorial fashion. The success of the dye formation was confirmed by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and in some cases, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Importantly, the formation and responsiveness of these dyes to the DNA template, which also acted as the nucleic acid target, could be easily observed in situ. By utilizing different DNA templates and substrates, it was possible to identify new dyes that are responsive to a specific type of DNA template. Lastly, the templated styryl dye synthesis was successfully performed within live HeLa cells. However, nuclease digestion experiments confirm that the cellular RNA acted as the template instead of DNA probably due to the inaccessibility of the latter. Overall, this approach holds potential as a valuable tool for synthesizing and screening dyes that specifically target various types of nucleic acids or organelles within cells.
Random forest algorithm using quartile-patternbootstrapping for class imbalanced problem
Authors:   , Jitpakdeebodin Worawit
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, classification in machine learning serves as a valuable tool for extracting and analyzing
real-world datasets. However, an important issue in classification is the problem of class
imbalance, which significantly impacts the performance of classifiers.
In 2019, a novel approach for a decision tree induction was introduced to address
This problem—the Minority Condensation Entropy (MCE) measure that can effectively
handle imbalanced datasets. Subsequently, in 2021, a new outlier factor called the Mass ratio - variance Outlier Factor (MOF) was presented that can rank instances based on the dataset density.
This thesis proposes a random forest algorithm using quartile-pattern
Bootstrapping that incorporates MOF and MCE building a random forest capable of handling binary
Class imbalanced datasets. The experimental results on synthesized datasets and real-world datasets indicated that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms
in terms of Precision, Recall, F-measure, and geometric mean, showing its effectiveness in handling imbalanced datasets and improving classification accuracy.
ดีคาร์บอกซิเลชันของกรดไขมันด้วยตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาโลหะของเหลวไอออนิก
Authors:   , เตียรถ์ภัทรดิลก ดวงกมล
Published: June 2024

การลดลงของทรัพยากรปิโตรเลียมและความกังวลเกี่ยวกับปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมที่เกิดจากการใช้พลังงานมากเกินไปกระตุ้นให้เกิดการค้นหาแหล่งพลังงานทางเลือกอื่น แนวทางแก้ปัญหาหนึ่งคือชีวมวลที่สามารถพบได้ทั่วไปในซากพืชและสัตว์ กรดไขมันเป็นส่วนประกอบของชีวมวลที่เป็นตัวเลือกที่น่าสนใจในฐานะแหล่งพลังงานหมุนเวียนเนื่องจากสามารถเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างให้กลายเป็นสารประกอบไฮโดรคาร์บอนสายยาวได้ผ่านปฏิกิริยาดีคาร์บอกซิเลชัน อย่างไรก็ตาม ดีคาร์บอกซิเลชันของกรดไขมันไปเป็นแอลเคนต้องใช้พลังงานสูง และมีปัญหาเรื่องประสิทธิภาพและความเลือกจำเพาะต่ำ ในงานวิจัยนี้มุ่งพัฒนาระบบตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาใหม่เพื่อปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพในการทำปฏิกิริยาดีคาร์บอกซิเลชันของกรดไขมันโดยใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแพลเลเดียมร่วมกับของเหลวไอออนิก (Pd/IL) โดยได้ศึกษาการเปลี่ยนกรดสเตียริกไปเป็นเอ็น-เฮปตะเดคเคนที่เร่งด้วยแพลเลเดียมในกรณีที่ไม่มีหรือมีของเหลวไอออนิก โดยใช้อัตราส่วนของ กรดสเตียริก:แพลเลเดียม:ของเหลวไอออนิก เท่ากับ 100:1:100 โดยมวลเป็นแบบจำลอง พบว่าการใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแพลเลเดียมในรูปแบบต่างๆ เพียงอย่างเดียวจะทำให้เกิดปฏิกิริยาดีคาร์บอกซิเลชันได้ไม่ดีที่อุณหภูมิ 300 °C ผลการวิเคราะห์ด้วยเทคนิคแก๊สโครมาโตกราฟี-เฟลมไอออไนซ์เซชันแสดงให้เห็นว่าตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา Pd(OAc)2 สามารถเปลี่ยนกรดสเตียริกได้เพียง 68.3% และให้ความเลือกจำเพาะต่อการเกิดเฮปตะเดเคนเพียง 2.3% และเมื่อมีของเหลวไอออนิก [BMIM]PF6 อยู่ด้วย โดยค่าการเปลี่ยนเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมากเป็น 92.7% อีกทั้งความเลือกจำเพาะเพิ่มเป็น 89.5% ภายใต้ภาวะที่เหมาะสม การใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแพลเลเดียมในรูปอื่น ๆ ร่วมกับของเหลวไอออนิก [BMIM]PF6 หรือการใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา Pd(OAc)2 ร่วมกับของเหลวไอออนิกชนิดอื่นๆ พบว่ายังให้ผลลัพธ์ที่ไม่ค่อยดีนัก แต่ในทุกกรณีก็ยังจะให้ค่าการเปลี่ยนและความเลือกจำเพาะที่ดีกว่าการใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแพลเลเดียมเพียงอย่างเดียว ระบบนี้ไม่จำเป็นต้องทำภายใต้บรรยากาศไฮโดรเจนหรือใช้ตัวทำละลายอื่น ดังนั้นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแพลเลเดียมร่วมกับของเหลวไอออนิกจึงเป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาใหม่ที่มีศักยภาพสำหรับการทำปฏิกิริยาดีคาร์บอกซิเลชันของกรดไขมันที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูง
การผลิตไฮโดรเจนจากน้ำกากส่าด้วยตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาเชิงแสงไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์เจือทอง
Authors:   , วงษ์ยงน้อย ภาณุวัฒน์
Published: June 2024

งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการผลิตไฮโดรเจนและการลดสีจากน้ำกากส่าจากอุตสาหกรรมผลิต
เอทานอล โดยใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาเชิงแสงไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์เจือ
ทอง (Au/TiO2) ตัวแปรที่ศึกษาคือ ร้อยละโดยน้ำหนัห
ของ Au ต่อ TiO2 ที่ 0.1 0.3 0.5 และ 0.7 การเจือจางสารละลายน้ำกากส่า
ที่ 0 50 100 และ 150 เท่า ร้อยละโดยปริมาตรของสารล่าโฮล
ในช่วง 10 15 และ 20 และปริมาณตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาเชิงแสงต่อปริมาตรสารละลาย
ในช่วง 2 3 4 และ 5 กรัมต่อลิตร พบว่าตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาที่ร้อยละ 0.3 โดยน้ำหนัก
ของ Au ต่อ TiO2 (0.3Au/TiO2) สามารถผลิตไฮโดรเจนได้มากที่สุดคือ 210 ไมโคร
โมลต่อกรัม และการลดสีร้อยละ 64.4 ที่ภาวการณ์เจือจางสารละลายน้ำกาก
ส่า 100 เท่า ปริมาณของสารล่าโฮลชนิดเอทานอลที่ร้อยละ 15 โดยปริมาตร ปริมาณ
ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา 3 กรัมต่อลิตร และความเข้มแสง 4.5 มิลลิวัตต์ต่อตาราง
เซนติเมตร เนื่องจากทองที่เติมสามารถลดแถบช่องว่างพลังงานของ TiO2 ทำให้
สามารถดูดกลืนแสงได้กว้างขึ้นทั้งช่วงของแสงยูวีและแสงที่ตามองเห็นได้ อีกทั้ง
โลหะที่สัมผัสกับสารกึ่งตัวนำ จะสร้างกำแพงชอทท์กี้จึงสามารถลดการรวมกลุ่มของ
คู่อิเล็กตรอนและโฮล และทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาร่วมในการผลิตไฮโดรเจนและ
ลดสีได้
อิทธิพลของการเติมแมงกานีสต่อสมบัติทางไฟฟ้าและแม่เหล็กของเพอรอฟสไกต์ออกไซด์เอนโทรปีสูง
Authors:   , เมลืองศิลป์ พีระพัศ
Published: June 2024

ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ศึกษาผลของการเจือแมงกานีสเข้าไปในตำแหน่งบีของเซรามิกเพอรอฟสไกต์เอนโทรปีสูง (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)Ti1-xMnxO3 (NBBSCT) ต่อสมบัติทางด้านไฟฟ้าและแม่เหล็ก โดยเจือแมงกานีสที่ความเข้นข้น x เท่ากับ 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 และ 0.20 การเตรียมผงเซรามิกนั้นเตรียมด้วยวิธีปฎิกิริยาสถานะของแข็งซึ่งเผาแคลไซน์ที่อุณหภูมิ 975 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นระยะเวลา 1 ชั่วโมงด้วยอัตราการให้ความร้อน 5 องศาเซลเซียสต่อนาที และทำการเผาผนึกภายในถ้วยอะลูมินาที่อุณหภูมิ 1275 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นระยะเวลา 2 ชั่วโมงด้วยอัตราการให้ความร้อน 2 องศาเซลเซียสต่อนาที โครงสร้างผลึกและเฟสของ NBBSCT เซรามิกหลังจากเผาผนึกแล้วพบว่าทุกปริมาณการเจือพบโครงสร้างผลึกรูปแบบคิวบิกของเพอรอฟสไกต์และไม่พบเฟสทุติยภูมิ ขนาดเกรนเฉลี่ยลดลงเมื่อปริมาณการเจือแมงกานีสสูงขึ้น โดยขนาดเกรนเฉลี่ยอยู่ในช่วง 8.07 ถึง 11.08 ไมโครเมตร ความหนาแน่นเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 5.13 กรัมต่อลูกบาศก์เซนติเมตร เมื่อวิเคราะห์สมบัติทางไฟฟ้าพบว่าเซรามิก NBBSCT ที่ไม่ได้เจือแมงกานีสแสดงพฤติกรรมเป็นแบบรีแลกเซอร์เฟอโรอิเล็กทริก แต่เมื่อเจือแมงกานีสพบการสูญเสียพฤติกรรมแบบรีแลกเซอร์เฟอโรอิเล็กทริก อีกทั้งเมื่อปริมาณการเจือแมงกานีสสูงขึ้นค่าการสูญเสียไดอิเล็กทริกมีค่าสูงเพิ่มขึ้นตาม ประสิทธิภาพของการกักเก็บพลังงานของเซรามิก NBBSCT มีประสิทธิภาพลดลงเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณการเจือแมงกานีสสูงมากขึ้น การศึกษาสมบัติแม่เหล็กพบว่าการเจือแมงกานีสเข้าไปในโครงสร้างทำให้เซรามิกแสดงพฤติกรรมแม่เหล็กแบบพาราแมกเนติก และเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณการเจือแมงกานีสที่สูงมากขึ้นส่งผลให้ค่าแม่เหล็กอิ่มตัวมีค่าสูงเพิ่มขึ้นตาม
Impact of external factors on air passenger demand prediction using machine learning
Authors:   , Lertyongphati Sutthiya
Published: June 2024

Do external factors impact the volume of air passengers? Can they be employed to analyze the dependency of hidden parameters in demand forecast strategies? In this research, a framework is proposed to investigate the impact of external factors on demand for air travel by combining the features extracted from various platforms with the historical volume of inbound passenger data from January 2011 to December 2021 and comparing the information symmetry to uncover relations between the data, proving whether they contributed to the shift in demand. A selection of machine learning regression models, namely,  gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector regression, were utilized to build a prediction model with and without the inclusion of the additional variables. Their performance will justify our assumption of the impact of external factors on passengers traveling by air. Employing Thailand’s historical inbound passenger volume, the result had shown that with the addition of explanatory variables had reduced RMSE. A combination of certain weather elements and search queries has the most impact on the air travel demand in Thailand, but the combination varies in each region. Event indicators and econometric variables introduce further enhancement in accordance with the preliminary assumption of their influences on the volume of passengers.
Forecasting air quality index in Thailand using ensemble method
Authors:   , Lertnilkarn Saksiri
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is one of the most important problems that needs to be urgently solved around the world. Inevitably, Thailand has had to fight against it as well, particularly in the Northern Thailand. This region also has faced high air contamination for several years. In this thesis, the proposed model based on ensemble method was presented to predict the extent of air quality index (AQI) in the region from the majority vote of outputs from three classification algorithms, namely, support vector machine, random forest, and k-nearest neighbors. This proposed method made a comparison between the voted classification accuracy and the accuracies of the individual classification models. The model took advantage of seven datasets from monitoring stations in four provinces in the Northern Thailand. Eventually, the proposed ensemble model produced, on average, the accuracy rate of 99.68% - 99.84% greater than most of the accuracies of the other comparative models.
One-Pot Iodine-Mediated Synthesis of Cannabinol and Derivatives
Authors:   , Thanakorncharoenwit Mongkonkorn
Published: June 2024

Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid that exhibits a broad range of medicinal activities without psychoactive effects. CBN derivatives have been typically synthesized from a terpenoid and a resorcinol derivative, through a multistep reaction including the Friedel-Crafts alkylation, cyclization, and aromatization. In this study, we envisioned that iodine could act as a Lewis acid catalyst and an aromatization agent. Consequently, we developed a one-pot iodine-mediated reaction between (1S,4R)-p-menthadienol and 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)resorcinol for the synthesis of 3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)cannabinol (DMH-CBN). Various reaction parameters were evaluated, and the reaction yields were analyzed by quantitative 1H NMR. The optimized reaction conditions were found to be 1.5 and 1.0 equivalent of starting materials with 5.0 equivalents of iodine in toluene at refluxing temperature for 1 hr, giving DMH-CBN in 71% isolated yield. This reaction under the microwave-assisted condition gave the same product in 30% NMR yield. The same method could be applied to the synthesis of natural CBN from citral as an inexpensive terpenoid starting material and olivetol, providing the expected product in 22% isolated yield. Substrate scope investigation revealed that this one-pot iodine-mediated synthesis of CBN could produce 28–63% isolated yields of alkyl-substituted CBN derivatives, including the C3-unsubstituted CBN. This unsubstituted CBN reacted with 1.0 or 2.0 equivalents of N-bromosuccinimide to yield 4-bromo and 2,4-dibromo derivatives at 63% and 90% isolated yield, respectively. However, this condition was incompatible with resorcinols bearing electron-withdrawing groups, yielding no or very small amounts of the desired product. Some synthesized CBN derivatives were evaluated for their protective role in the epithelial barrier through the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assay. The results indicated that 2,4-diethyl CBN, 4-bromo, and 2,4-dibromo derivatives of C3-unsubstituted CBN showed better activities than natural CBN. This suggests that they could potentially serve as new candidates from the cannabinoid series, aiding in the resealing of tight junctions.
Exploration of the Role of Tiktok Content: Influencer Strategy, Affiliate Marketing, and Online Customer Reviews in Influencing Generation Z Purchasing Decisions at Shopee
Authors: F Fitria  , Adisti Desi Tia , D Dea  , Gumelar Agum , Adi Setiawan
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the role of influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews at Shopee through TikTok content on Generation Z purchasing decisions. This research uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through an online survey of 199 respondents of the Management Study Program students class of 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple regression methods to evaluate the relationship between the independent variables of influencer roles, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews and the dependent variable (purchasing decisions). The analysis results show that the role of influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews have a positive and significant influence on Generation Z's purchasing decisions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating marketing strategies through influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews in influencing Generation Z's purchasing decisions. This provides guidance for businesses to utilize e-commerce platforms such as Shopee and TikTok content as an effective means of communication to reach and influence the Generation Z market. This research makes a new contribution to the understanding of how the role of influencers, affiliate marketing and online customer reviews on Shopee, particularly through TikTok content, can influence Generation Z's purchasing decisions. This research adds insight into effective marketing strategies to capture the attention and influence the consumption behavior of the younger generation in the context of e-commerce platforms.
The Influence of Paylater and Affiliate Features on Consumer Buying Interest in Shopping on the Shopee Aplication
Authors: Irma Trimulyawati  , Ladina Syafa Sholeha  , Adi Setiawan  , Tiara Muthiarsih
Published: June 2024

The paylater feature is a digital payment feature that uses an e- commerce platform, purchasing goods among teenagers is very lacking due to the economic conditions that are currently unstable. The method used in this research is quantitative method. The population in this study was conducted at the unswagati Cirebon campus, level 1-4 management study program as many as 147 respondents.  The sampling technique used by researchers is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique and data analysis used in this researcher is regression and descriptive analysis then the analysis methods used in this study include validity test, cross tabulation, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, hypothesis testing, path analysis fit model test using SPSS and amos Softwer analysis tools to test the effect of paylater and affiliate features on consumer buying interest. The results of this study indicate that the paylater feature has a positive effect on consumer buying interest, affiliates have an effect on consumer buying interest. Because the validity and reliability test results are less than 0.1362, the normality test is less than 0, 01, the multicoronality test is less than 10, hypothesis testing, the results show that all hypotheses are accepted, because the C.R value is more than 1.98, namely with a C.R value of 7.875 and 11.532 respectively. And the P value also shows the same result if the P value is less than 0.05 or symbolized * (below 0.01), it means that the two hypotheses have a significant effect or are accepted. path analysis fit model test is accepted because the GFT measure shows a P-value of more than 0.05, RMSE less than 0.08, CMIN less than 2.00, GFI less than 0.90, AGFI less than, 0.90, CFI more than 0.90, TLI more than 0.90. So it can be stated that the path analysis model fit test is accepted.
Different Concentrations Of Cassava Flour (Manihot utilisima) And Wheat Flour On The Physicochemistry And Organoleptic Quality Of High-Fiber Steamed Brownies
Authors: Kurnia Hartati Fadjar , Gabriel Susanto Nikolaus
Published: June 2024

At present, the level of public consumption of wheat flour is increasing but the production of wheat in Indonesia is very minimal so Indonesia still expects imports from several countries. Meanwhile, the use of low-fiber wheat flour can increase peoples consumption in excess, so it can increase excess calorie levels in the body which can trigger obesity. Therefore, it necessary to substitute local-based flour such as cassava flour to reduce wheat flour consumption and increase fiber content in the resulting product. This study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of wheat flour and cassava flour and determine the right concentration on the chemical and organoleptic quality of steamed brownies as high fiber food. The research method used a a research design using a 1-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Chemical quality analysis on steamed brownies, namely water content, crude fiber content, and calories. The organoleptic test is color, aroma, taste, and tenderness. The results showed that between different proportions of wheat flour and cassava flour had a significant effect on crude fiber content and very significant effect on calorie content. Based on the determination of all research parameters, it shows that formulation 3 with 60 grams wheat flour and 40 grams cassava flour is the best treatment with a result value (NH) 0.692 with parameter criteria in the form crude fiber content 22.9%, calorie content 6.74 cal, moisture content 19.04%, tenderness 3.68 (like), color 3.96 (like), taste 3.78 (like), and aroma 3.89 (like).
PEMBUATAN BAK SAMPAH SEBAGAI BENTUK PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI DESA KAMASAN KECAMATAN BANJARAN KABUPATEN BANDUNG.
Authors: Muntaha Aqso Sidroti Royan , Kurniasih Aneu , Novianty Alivia , Pangestu Fitri Juang , Nabilah Jihan , Ramadhan Muhammad Fajar , Wijaya Muhammad Raihan , Lestari Resti Ayu , Yuda Setia Budi Ganda , Widianti Sinta
Published: June 2024

Desa Kamasan merupakan desa yang masih berkembang dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang bersih. hal tersebut ditunjukkan pada minimnya kegiatan penanggulangan sampah, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan serta merusak alam yang terdapat di desa tersebut. Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sekitar masih kurang diperhatikan. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan kepedulian masyarakat desa Kamasan mengenai dampak negatif sampah terhadap kesehatan serta pentingnya membuang sampah pada tempatnya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di desa Kamasan dimulai dengan pertemuan dan perijinan, penyuluhan dan survei lokasi bak sampah, pengadaan dan penempatan bak sampah, serta diakhiri dengan pengecatan dan serah terima bak sampah kepada masyarakat. Program pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Kamasan berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran warga akan pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan, yang ditandai dengan perubahan perilaku dalam pengelolaan sampah dan partisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan kebersihan.
قراءة سيميولوجية عن صورة النساء في لغة الشارع المكتوبة
Authors: الخربي د.محمد محمد محمد
Published: June 2024

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل صورة النساء في لغة الشارع المكتوبة من خلال قراءة سيميولوجية تهدف إلى فهم الأبعاد والدلالات المختلفة لهذه الصورة. تشمل الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسية: صورة النساء كجوهر للموضوع، والدلالة العلامية وفق نظرية رولان بارت، وتأثير هذه الصورة على الوعي المجتمعي. تعتمد الدراسة على عينات ميدانية من شوارع صنعاء تمثل الفئات الاجتماعية المختلفة، وتتناول الأماكن التي تعكس تنوع هذه الفئات مثل الأحياء الراقية والفقراء والمناطق المختلطة. تهدف الدراسة إلى الكشف عن كيفية عرض النساء في لغة الشارع المكتوبة، وتأثير هذه اللغة على المفاهيم الجندرية ومدى تطابقها مع مشاركة المرأة الفعلية في المجتمع. من خلال تحليل العلامات والصور المكتوبة، تسعى الدراسة إلى تقديم توصيات لتحسين صورة المرأة في المجتمع اليمني وتفعيل دورها في التنمية المستدامة.
تقييم مستوى الوعي المصرفي لدى عملاء المصارف التجارية في الجمهورية اليمنية
Authors: القطيبي د.محمد محمد حزام
Published: June 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستوى الوعي المصرفي لدى عملاء المصارف التجارية في الجمهورية اليمنية، حيث تم التركيز على عينة من العملاء في مدينة صنعاء. استخدم الباحث استبيانًا لجمع البيانات من عملاء أربعة مصارف، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الأسلوبين الإحصائي والوصفي التحليلي. تكونت العينة من 90 فردًا، واعتمدت الدراسة على ستة مؤشرات لقياس مستوى الوعي المصرفي، وهي الفائدة، الأمان، الثقة، أسلوب الموظفين مع العملاء، ثقافة العملاء، ودور العملاء في نشر الوعي المصرفي. أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الوعي المصرفي لدى العملاء منخفض ولم يصل إلى المستوى المطلوب. وأوصت الدراسة بنشر الثقافة المصرفية بين أبناء المجتمع اليمني عن طريق اتباع استراتيجيات توعية العملاء بأهمية الوعي المصرفي ومساهمته في دعم الاقتصاد الوطني.
التدخل الإنساني وإشكالية مبدأ عدم التدخل في الشئون الداخلية للدول
Authors: الزعيتري د.نبيل  غالب
Published: June 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة التناقضات بين مبدأ عدم التدخل في الشئون الداخلية للدول ومفهوم التدخل الإنساني وتأثيره على هذا المبدأ. يعكس البحث آثار التحولات الدولية، لا سيما بعد انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي وهيمنة الولايات المتحدة على الشئون الدولية، ما أدى إلى فقدان الدول الصغيرة لهامش المناورة. وقد أثرت هذه الهيمنة على كثير من المفاهيم القانونية والمبادئ الأساسية في القانون الدولي، مثل مبدأ عدم التدخل. تُبرز الدراسة مدى مشروعية التدخل الإنساني وآراء الفقه الدولي وموقف الدول منه، مع التركيز على استخدام القوة العسكرية. ومن خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، يعرض البحث التطورات التاريخية لمفهوم التدخل الإنساني، والتناقضات الفقهية حوله، وحالات مشروعية التدخل وفق القانون الدولي. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم صورة شاملة للجوانب القانونية والتطبيقية لهذا المبدأ، مسلطة الضوء على التحديات التي تواجه الدول في التكيف مع التغيرات الدولية وتفادي التدخلات الخارجية.
دور الأمم المتحدة ومجلس الأمن في إحلال الأمن والسلام في العالم
Authors: خليل د.عبدالسلام أنور
Published: June 2024

يتناول هذا البحث الدور الأساسي لمنظمة الأمم المتحدة كهيئة دولية لتحقيق الأمن والسلام في العالم، ويسلط الضوء على ضرورة تبني منهج جديد لتوسيع عضوية مجلس الأمن الدولي لتعزيز دوره الفعّال في تحقيق السلام الدولي. بدأت فكرة توسيع المجلس في عام 1993 عندما ظهرت مطالب بإصلاحات تعزز من مشاركة الدول الأعضاء بشكل حقيقي في صنع القرار الدولي. يهدف البحث إلى مناقشة الإصلاحات المطلوبة لمواجهة التحديات العالمية المتزايدة والتكتلات السياسية، وكذلك دور الدول النامية في تعزيز دور مجلس الأمن. كما يركز البحث على أهمية توسيع مجلس الأمن ليشمل دول جديدة بهدف تحقيق توازنات جديدة في المصالح الدولية. يستعرض البحث أيضًا آليات عمل مجلس الأمن ومفهوم حق النقض (الفيتو) وتأثيره على قرارات المجلس. وأخيرًا، يقدم البحث توصيات لتعزيز دور مجلس الأمن في حفظ الأمن والسلم الدوليين، بما في ذلك ضرورة إشراك أكبر عدد ممكن من الدول في صنع القرارات الدولية وإصلاح الهيكلية الحالية لمجلس الأمن ليصبح أكثر عدالة وشفافية.
مسؤولية الطبيب في التلقيح الصناعي
Authors: الحضرمي د.سوسن صالح احمد عوض
Published: June 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة مسؤولية الطبيب في عمليات التلقيح الصناعي، والتي تعد من القضايا الطبية المعاصرة التي شهدت تقدماً كبيراً. يتطرق البحث إلى الأطر الشرعية والقانونية التي تحكم هذه العمليات، حيث تبرز أهمية التوفيق بين التقدم العلمي والحفاظ على الضوابط الشرعية. يناقش البحث أيضاً الجوانب المختلفة لمسؤولية الطبيب المدنية، ومدى التزامه بتطبيق المعايير الطبية الدقيقة لتجنب الأخطاء الطبية التي قد تؤدي إلى مشكلات قانونية وأخلاقية. كما يقدم البحث تحليلاً للفتاوى الشرعية التي تحدد حدود ومشروعية هذه العمليات، ويبرز التحديات التي تواجه المجتمع اليمني في ظل غياب تنظيم قانوني محدد لهذه الإجراءات. الهدف من البحث هو تقديم رؤية شاملة ومتوازنة تجمع بين الفهم الدقيق للتقدم العلمي والالتزام بالأطر الشرعية والقانونية لضمان سلامة المجتمع.
آلية تعيين القيادات التربوية في المؤسسات التعليمية بأمانة العاصمة
Authors: الشرجبي د.عبدالرحمن , درعان أ.خديجة عبدالهادي
Published: June 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف آلية تعيين القيادات التربوية في مؤسستين تعليميتين بأمانة العاصمة. اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج البحث الكيفي، حيث تم اختيار مجموعة من المعلمين وصناع القرار في المؤسستين المعنيتين لجمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات المعمقة وتحليل الوثائق. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن تعيينات القيادات التربوية تعتمد بشكل كبير على المجاملات والاعتبارات الشخصية والحزبية والمذهبية والمناطقية، وذلك بسبب نفوذ صناع القرار وانتشار الفساد والمحسوبية وغياب المساءلة والحوكمة. وأشارت النتائج إلى أن الأسباب الكامنة وراء هذه التعيينات غير القانونية تشمل الرشوة، التزوير، وغياب الشفافية. وللحد من هذه التعيينات، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تطبيق مبدأ سيادة القانون واتخاذ إجراءات رادعة ضد المخالفين، بالإضافة إلى تعزيز الشفافية والمساءلة في عملية التعيين. كما دعت الدراسة إلى وضع معايير موضوعية وعلمية دقيقة لتعيين القيادات التربوية لضمان تحقيق الجدارة والكفاءة في القيادة التعليمية.
Material Culture on Display
Authors: Mygland Sigrid Samset
Published: June 2024

Gjenstanden spiller en sentral rolle innen moderne middelalderarkeologi, og har i økende grad satt agendaen i skandinavisk byforskning. På 1980- og 90-tallet gikk imidlertid diskusjonen rundt forskningen på det store gjenstandsmaterialet som hadde framkommet de foregående tiårene. Her ble ikke minst en forholdsvis liten og begrenset bruk av gjenstanden som kildekategori tatt opp, blant annet i lys av den påvirkningen historiefaget tradisjonelt har hatt på middelalderarkeologi.
Også som utstillingsobjekt i samme periode kan det stilles spørsmålstegn ved hvordan materiell kultur har blitt brukt. Denne artikkelen tar for seg de to første permanente utstillingene på Bryggens museum i Bergen, henholdsvis fra 1976 og 1986, Norges første og eneste dedikerte middelalderarkeologiske museum. På tross av et overordnet arkeologisk uttrykk, et stort antall utstillingsgjenstander og den banebrytende Brygge-gravningen i ryggen kan disse utstillingene leses som historiske framstillinger av middelalderen, der skriftlige kilder fremheves og den arkeologiske gjenstanden mer fremstår som en illustrasjon. Snarere enn en bevisst nedvurdering av den arkeologiske gjenstanden som kildekategori, argumenteres det for at denne illustrative rollen først og fremst reflekterer en tidlig fase innen moderne middelalderarkeologi generelt – med en kort forskningshistorie og en solid historiefaglig arv.
«Elle, melle, deg fortelle, skipet går ut i år, rygg i rann, to i spann, snipp, snapp, snute, du er ute!» Om København som utskipningshavn for leidangen i det 11. og 12. århundre
Authors: Steineke Morten
Published: June 2024

«Elle, melle, deg fortelle, skipet går ut i år, rygg i rann, to i spann, snipp, snapp, snute, du er ute!» About Copenhagen as a shipping port for the leidang in the 11th and 12th century. The remains of a large semi-circular rampart in the central parts of Copenhagen is discussed as part of the city’s defence and leiðangr organisation, Norwegian leidang, during the 11th and 12th century. Despite the lack of archaeological evidence, the proposal is based on the site’s geographic location by Øresund and function as a natural shipping port. As part of this hypothesis, the leidang as a military organisation and coast guard arrangement is discussed over time, as well as the proposed link between the leidang as an organisation and the occurrence of snekke-names. After Bishop Absalon’s takeover of the village of Hafn at the end of the 12th century and the constructionof a new castle on Strandholmen, the location continued as an important place for defence and mobilisation. The leidang in its original form gradually came to lose its importance in the following century, due to further structural and defence efforts in what would later become the market town of Copenhagen.
Bokningsstenar – betydande spår av de obetydliga
Authors: Berger Åsa
Published: June 2024

Ore grinding stones – A significant trace of the insignificants. In the summer of 2020, an archaeological excavation took place at Dammen’s blast furnace in Askersund, central Sweden. The site, active between 1642 and 1844, was a miner’s furnaceperiodically co-owned by Louis de Geer, a businessman who owned the nearby manor Godegård.
Even though Dammen’s blast furnace was active for over 200 years, the traces of the iron production conducted here were sparce. Besides the large amount of slag and the foundations of two storage buildings, the main result of the excavation was the numerous ore grinding stones used in the process of refining the iron ore, identified by the smallish pits left on the stones’ surface after manually striking the ore with a hammer. In Sweden, this is a relatively unknown find category; few blast furnaceshave been investigated by archaeologists and when ore grinding stones have been identified, they have not received much attention.
At larger blast furnace sites, the process of refining ore was often conducted mechanically with water-powered equipment but at smaller sites this was carried out by hand, usually by women, children and what was referred to as “inferior workers”.Thus, at Dammen’s blast furnace, the lowest ranking workers had left the clearest traces; 141 stones with slowly worn pits.
The Relationship Between the Individual and the Collective in the Social Philosophy of Georges Gurvitch
Authors: Zagirnyak Mikhail Yu.
Published: June 2024

The relationship between the individual and society is the leitmotif of Georges Gurvitch’s work. Beginning from the early Russian-language books on the philosophy of law and ending with the works on sociology published in France and the USA at the final stage of his career, Gurvitch studied the individual person and collective units as interacting sides of the collective social subject. He sought to overcome the struggle between individualism and collectivism which found its ideological expression in the rivalry of the French (Emile Durkheim) and German (Max Weber) schools of sociology. Gurvitch formulated the concept of society as dynamic interaction and mutual determination of the individual and collective unit. In his Russian-language works, written before his emigration, he maintained that it was in the sphere of law that one could determine how the individual and society mutually condition each other and determine the direction of social development. In the late 1920s and early 1930s in his teaching on social law, Gurvitch formulated the concept of sociability which enabled him to focus attention not on the confrontation, but on the interaction of the individual and society. In the concept of “normative fact” he defined the being of society and embodied the dialectical interaction between singularity and multitude. In the late 1930s in his teaching on microsociology, he introduced criteria of sociability, recording individual (intensity of the fusion of individual minds) and collective (the force of social pressure) aspects of the process of social development. Proceeding from these criteria Gurvitch developed a gradation of sociability, expressing it in the scheme “mass — community — communion” which enabled him to analyse the formation of collective units and determine the features of their existence. In his article “Mass, Community, and Communion” (1941) he presented the forms of sociability which enabled him to describe the mutual conditioning of individuals and collective units. Gurvitch’s article spells out the key principles of his philosophy and sociology of law which overcome individualism and collectivism in his account of society.
Why Training and Development Programs Don't Improve Employee Productivity
Authors: Azeem Faraz , Atta Shahid Hussain , Rasheed Khurram , Rafique Muhammad Shahzad , Muhammad Faisal
Published: June 2024

This study investigates why training and development initiatives don't boost production. This research will determine what characteristics caused employees to do the same after receiving training from the company. Today, research is crucial to proving an area's legitimacy. Training and development are crucial in any organization and can lead to excellent results, but not all organizations do so, therefore we must consider the other side. Many firms devote cash for the T&D department to determine how effective these programs are and how they affect employee productivity. We used the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Training Evaluation Model to objectively assess training efficacy. Our preference was the Kirkpatrick Model due to its benefits. Works using traditional and digital learning programs had explicit evaluation steps. It helped us understand how training programs affect company outcomes. We found it easy to adopt the approach due to its flexibility.
Invasive Meningococcal Disease in North Batina, Oman in 2023. A Case Study
Authors: Al Maqbali Abir , Al Hashmi Fatima , Al Saadi Khalid , Al Belushi Fatema
Published: June 2024

Invasive Meningococcal Disease is a severe bacterial infection with a high fatality rate particularly in young children. It is caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria which colonizes the nasopharynx. The transmission is by direct contact with droplets or discharge from an infected person or a carrier. Invasive meningococcal disease commonly presents as meningitis or meningococcemia. Acute meningococcemia progresses rapidly with a characteristic purpuric rash. Confirmation of the disease is through isolating the bacteria from sterile body fluids (CSF, blood). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Recognizing purpuric rash as a late symptom of meningococcemia is important. Vaccination remains remains the best prevention. In this case study we present the details of a 12-year-old Omani child with rapidly progressive fulminant meningococcemia, leading to death.
Two meetings: ELIXIR Toxicology and FAIR4ChemNL
Authors: Willighagen Egon
Published: June 2024

Noting that in the coming week I am not attending the ELIXIR All Hands in Uppsala. Having lived in (and around) Uppsala for more than three years, I am disappointed and with the first stories from colleagues coming in even more. But it has been a way too busy year, I have much to finish up, and I need to take care of myself too. I am not 32 anymore. But in the past two weeks I did attend two workshops.
Gobierno Abierto y Participación Ciudadana: Evaluación de su Influencia en la Gobernanza Local
Authors: Espirilla Sicos Waldir Milan , Ruiz Caro David Del Castillo , Paca Pantigoso Flabio Romeo
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación aborda cómo el paradigma del gobierno abierto, enfocado en la transparencia y participación ciudadana, influye en la consolidación democrática. A nivel internacional, se identifican desafíos como la limitada participación ciudadana y falta de canales efectivos para la involucración. A pesar de iniciativas prometedoras en Europa y América Latina, problemas como la corrupción y la desconexión entre gobernantes y ciudadanos persisten. En Perú, a pesar de esfuerzos legislativos y planes de acción, se enfrentan desafíos como la infraestructura de internet insuficiente y problemas de desigualdad en el acceso a la información, especialmente en regiones como Cuzco. La investigación utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo y positivista para explorar la relación entre gobierno abierto y participación ciudadana, enfocándose en aspectos como la transparencia, rendición de cuentas y tecnología. Los resultados muestran una correlación significativa entre un gobierno más abierto y la participación ciudadana, aunque también indican que otros factores influyen en esta dinámica.
Symbiosis and Aggression: The Impossibility of signifying the internal world in Deaf Girl
Authors: Hernández Laura , Díaz González Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2024

The present investigation analyzed the symbiotic bond that a deaf girl established with her hearing mother, due to the lack of an optimal method to communicate, which caused an inability to signify her internal world, causing a late separation and generating aggressive behaviors during the development of hearing. the girl. Margaret Mahler points out that for a child to achieve an adequate level of development, they must go through a phase of autism and normal symbiosis to later go through the subphases of the individuation and separation process, which in the patient did not happen adequately, generating their consequent effects. For her part, Melanie Klein explains how the internal world and aggression are constructed, therefore the postulates of these two authors are taken, fundamental to understanding the case. In addition to the above, disability is addressed to expose the impossibility of the patient to signify her internal world and communicate it effectively, until the acquisition of Mexican Sign Language (MSL). Regarding the method, it is the in-depth analysis of this case that supports this research, which was carried out under a qualitative methodology based on case analysis, the information was obtained over a year of treatment through clinical sessions with the patient, in-depth interviews with the mother, games, direct observation, drawings and LSM.