bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas para la formación de maestros en Colombia : un breve recorrido siglos XIX y XX.
Authors: Loaiza Zuluaga Yasaldez Eder
Published: August 2022

La historia como un campo del saber humano tiene un deber ser con las comunidades que la construyen e invierten tiempo y recursos en la misma; es por ello que se debe pensar, entonces, en la conciencia histórica como una de las múltiples posibilidades en este deber ser, en donde las relaciones con el pasado se conviertan en un proceso de comprensión dialéctica con el presente, pero no en aras de sí mismo, sino en la construcción mental y material de alternativas de futuros críticos que lleven por diferentes caminos; a su vez, estos caminos han de ser conscientes por quienes los construyen y les dan sentido en las acciones cotidianas que, en sí mismas, tienen un sentido temporal que puede ser ignorado por los sujetos, pero que no por ello deja de existir.
Concepciones de infancia que subyacen las prácticas pedagógicas de maestras de educación inicial.
Authors: García Martínez Omar Javier , Osorio Díaz María Eugenia
Published: August 2022

Resultado del interés por develar las concepciones subyacentes a las prácticas pedagógicas de las maestras de educación inicial en una institución emblemática de Manizales. Investigación cualitativa, con base en el método fenomenológico hermenéutico a partir del análisis semántico estructural de contenido, donde las concepciones son ideas configuradas en la experiencia, que influyen en el quehacer profesional y son puestas en tensión cotidiana en la relación con los entes superiores. Se concluye que las maestras están anacrónicamente vinculadas con una concepción de infancia moderna en desuso; la ausencia de autonomía en su práctica pedagógica y la heteronomía del niño son determinantes de sus concepciones, de allí deviene la rutina como característica fundante de la práctica, se evidenció una contradicción entre actualización y reproducción del saber en un ambiente que obstaculiza su labor, así como su actualización y apropiación de conocimiento es baja, sin embargo, su actitud hacia la infancia es esperanzadora.
Adquisición y desarrollo del nivel fonológico del español en niños de 0 a 7 años, una aproximación desde la lingüística y la psicolingüística.
Authors: Agudelo Montoya Claudia Liliana , Ramírez Osorio José Fernando , Pasuy Guerrero Gladys Yolanda
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo es la síntesis de una investigación documental cuyo objetivo es exponer las teorías lingüísticas y psicolingüísticas que, en el siglo XX, dieron cuenta de cómo se articulan los fonemas de una lengua. Se estableció un corte sincrónico en una pesquisa que va desde la lingüística descriptiva de Saussure, pasa por la lingüística estructuralista europea y norteamericana, y concluye con los postulados generativistas transformacionales instaurados por Noam Chomsky, quien se convierte en el punto de referencia necesario para las posteriores investigaciones relativas al procesamiento integral del lenguaje. Se examinó el desarrollo psicolingüístico del nivel fonético-fonológico del español en niños normales hasta los siete (7) años, bajo los modelos de Fromkin, Garrett y Level. Precisamente, se concluyó que los diferentes modelos revisados para dar cuenta de la producción del habla requieren de la interacción en múltiples direcciones, de las unidades y las reglas de funcionamiento del sistema lingüístico.
Alteridad y vocación : una apuesta para mejorar los procesos de enseñanza en la primera infancia.
Authors: Sánchez Rincón Natalia
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo abarca parte de los resultados de la investigación Sentidos de alteridad: una mirada desde las docentes del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Pelusa Manizales, cuyo principal interés es comprender los sentidos que las docentes del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Pelusa en Manizales otorgan a las relaciones de alteridad en su acción pedagógica. Las contribuciones teóricas de Lévinas, Skliar, van Manen y Larrosa forman el núcleo central para el abordaje de las categorías principales: alteridad, acción pedagógica y experiencia. La metodología corresponde a un enfoque cualitativo que se apoya en el método fenomenológico hermenéutico de Ricoeur y en el método de análisis de contenido de Greimas, esta metodología permitió alcanzar, entre otros, uno de los resultados más significativos que se traduce en la siguiente estructura: Vocación es sentir amor por el Otro, en lo que se hace
Programa de educación musical enfocado desde la relación música – identidad personal en la formación de sujetos sordos de la ciudad de Manizales
Authors: Buitrago Ocampo Catalina
Published: August 2022

Objetivo. Establecer la relación que puede surgir entre las representaciones de la población sorda en la ciudad de Manizales con respecto a la música. Metodología. Su desarrollo es de carácter cualitativo, utilizando la técnica de recolección de representaciones sociales propuesta por Abric (2001) al fijarse en la subjetividad de los individuos. Resultados. El estudio logra visibilizar el estado actual de la comunidad sorda en la ciudad de Manizales con relación a investigaciones que reflejen su realidad, permitiendo dimensionar la importancia del manejo de la Lengua de Señas Colombiana como mecanismo comunicativo eficaz. Así mismo, da cuenta de las representaciones que surgen de los sujetos sordos y la forma en que logran entablar una relación desde la música hacia la construcción de su propia identidad. Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados se manifiesta el anhelo de visibilizar que existe una relación posible entre la música y la sordera dando paso a nuevos horizontes de investigación.
Isparta Gölcük Tabiat Parkı’ndaki odunsu flora çeşitliliği ve çevresel değişkenlerle ilişkileri
Authors: TIĞLI KAYTANLIOĞLU Ebru Hatice , NEGİZ Mehmet Güvenç , GÜLSOY Serkan , FAKİR Hüseyin
Published: August 2022

Ormancılıkta flora üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar sürdürülebilir ormancılık ve biyolojik çeşitlilik üzerine önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma Gölcük Tabiat Parkında odunsu flora çeşitliliğinin belirlenerek çevresel değişkenlerle ilişkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada arazi envanteri ile 20x20 metre boyutlarında 25 örnekleme alanı alınmıştır. Her bir örnekleme alanı için odunsu bitki taksonları ve yetişme ortamı özellikleri envanter defterine kaydedilmiştir. Kümeleme analizi ile kesme seviyelerinden elde edilen grupların en uygun olanını tespit edebilmek amacıyla çoklu permütasyon testi (MRPP) uygulanmış en etkili vejetasyon grup ayrımının gösterge bitki türlerini tespit edebilmek amacıyla gösterge bitki analizi uygulanmıştır. Alfa çeşitlilik indis değerleri ile çevresel faktörler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koyabilmek adına Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Pinus nigra, Rosa canina, Populus nigra subsp. caudina ve Malus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris türlerinin çalışma alanın genelinde en sık rastlanan türler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada en uygun odunsu grup ayrımı 3’lü grup ayrımında elde edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler neticesinde en uygun vejetasyon grup ayrımlarının oluşmasında bakı farklılıklarının önem arz ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç tür çeşitliliğinin yörede güneyli bakılarda kuzeyli bakılara kıyasla daha fazla olduğunun tespit edilmesi ile desteklenmiştir.
Molecular and biochemical studies of succinate dehydrogenase in rat liver under conditions of alloxan diabetes
Authors: Eprintsev A.T. , Fedorin D.N. , Bakarev M.Yu.
Published: August 2022

Experimental alloxan diabetes in rats causes an increase in the activity of liver succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) without changes in its isozyme composition. The observed increase in the catalytic activity of SDH clearly correlates with the intensification of transcription of the genes encoding catalytic dimer of SDH. Analysis of the methyl status of the promoters of the genes, encoding the catalytic dimer of SDH in rats under normal and experimental conditions did not reveal any dependence on the level of their expression. The obtained results of bisulfite sequencing indicate a passive role of the epigenetic mechanism of regulation of SDH gene expression in the development of alloxan diabetes. The transcription factor CREB, responsible for of gluconeogenesis in diabetes, may play an important role in the control of the transcriptional activity of the sdha and sdhb genes.
The effect of rifampicin on the system of Toll-like receptors in the nucleus accumbens of the brain of long-term alcoholized rats during alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Airapetov M.I. , Eresko S.O. , Skabelkin D.A. , Iskalieva A.R. , Lebedev A.A. , Bychkov E.R. , Shabanov P.D.
Published: August 2022

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the ventral part of the striatum of the brain; it is an important part of the mesolimbic pathway involved in the reward system that mediates the formation of various forms of addiction, in particular alcohol addiction. Neuroimaging data and in vitro studies indicate the development of a pronounced neurodegenerative process in the NAc, with long-term alcohol use, but the key mechanisms mediating this process remain unknown. In recent years, the attention of researchers has been focused on studying the system of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the increased activity of which is clearly shown in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during prolonged alcohol exposure, but there is a need to study the role of this system in other brain structures. In this study, we have shown that prolonged alcohol exposure (2 months) with moderate doses of ethanol (2 g/kg) promotes a pronounced increase in the expression of the Tlr4 gene and its endogenous ligand Hmgb1 in NAc during the period of alcohol withdrawal in rats. Injections of rifampicin (100 mg/kg) reduced the elevated expression level of Hmgb1, Tlr4, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL1β, IL6), while the administration of the drug increased the reduced level of mRNA of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, IL11).
Knowledge attitude and practice of medical personnel on ecopharmacology
Authors: Bhatt Shaily , Kumar Harshvardhan
Published: August 2022

Background: Increasing disease incidence and prevalence has led to tremendous increase in the use of medications. The consumers are not able to use all the dispensed medications because of various reasons. The improper disposal of these unused medicines has led to environmental contamination to an alarming extent. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical personnel about disposal of unused medicines.Methods: The study was conducted on post graduate medical students, MBBS and nursing students of a tertiary care hospital of North India. It was cross sectional, descriptive study based on a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about the disposition of left-over medications. Descriptive statistical analysis of the results was done.Results: Stockpiling was reported by 100% of the students. The most common reason for stockpiling was excess purchase of medicines (41%). The most commonly procured medicine was NSAID (55.9%). The most common method of disposal was with household waste (69%). Majority of the respondents answered that take back programmes and government interference is the solution to this problem.Conclusions: Majority of the people are having unused medicines at home and most commonly they dispose it by throwing along with rubbish. Lack of knowledge regarding proper disposal is the main reason behind this. Initiatives should be taken to spread awareness regarding proper disposal methods of unused medicines.
COVID-19 impact on the prevalence of PIMS in elderly patients according to STOPP/ START criteria: a record base study
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Mukherjee Shoma
Published: August 2022

Background: Polypharmacy, contribute to an increased risk of adverse drug reaction morbidity, and mortality, and increases the length of hospital stay, hospital revisits and readmissions. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients with version 2. STOPP/START criteria, and assess the severity of adverse drug events in patients with PIMs.Methods: This is a retrospective, record-based study of over-the-counter, and potentially inappropriate medications in the prescriptions of patients (>60 years). PIMs have been identified and further investigated to determine any adverse effects. If harm occurred, the severity of an adverse effect was rated using a modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. The causality of the events was assessed by using Naranjo's scale.Results: Out of 583 patients polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy were found in 36.0%, and 42.8% of pre-admission medications. The most common over-the-counter (OTC) drugs were hydrocortisone (39.86%), ranitidine (21.62%), bisacodyl (14.86%), and diphenhydramine (12.84%). A statistically significant positive correlation was seen between age and the number of drugs prescribed (r2=0.16), while a non-significant positive correlation was found between sex, length of stay (LOS), and the number of drugs prescribed (r2 =0.0002, r2 =0.001). Common PIMs related incidence reported include Insulin (regular) 31.25% (N=20), Trihexyphenidyl (THP) 18.75%, zolpidem 12.5%, acetylsalicylic acid 9.3%, pantoprazole 52 7.81%, furosemide 7.8%, hydrocortisone 6.25%, and glimepiride 6.25%. Total of 130 ADRs 50% were mild, 28.4% were moderate, and 21.5% were severe. Out of 130 incidents, 64.6% were preventable, 22.3% were probably preventable, and 13.0% were not preventable. A total of 50.0% recovered completely from the ADRs, 33.0% had been recovering, 12.3% recovered with a squeal, 2.3% could not recover and 2.3% had been fatal.Conclusions: The study shows high uses of OTC and PIMs and PGx in elderly patients; which encourage intent need to develop awareness and action plans.
Curso Online Aberto e Massivo (MOOC) de Combate a Princípios de Incêndio: uma Entrega do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do ES para a Sociedade
Authors: Dias Dainer Marçal , Battestin Vanessa
Published: August 2022

Em ocorrências de incêndios atendidas pelos Corpos de Bombeiros, observa-se que, em diversos casos, os sinistros poderiam ter sido evitados, ou pelo menos minimizados, se cidadãos envolvidos no cenário possuíssem conhecimentos básicos de como se origina um incêndio, métodos de extinção e uso de extintores. Os serviços prestados pelos bombeiros demandam alto desenvolvimento em qualificação acadêmica e técnica desses profissionais, por isso, a capacitação é sempre direcionada para o público interno. O desafio nesse contexto é pensar em capacitações que sejam disponibilizadas pelos Corpos de Bombeiros, as instituições que possuem o conhecimento prático, e que tenham alcance à população. Ferramentas como os Cursos Online Abertos e Massivos (MOOCs) se apresentam como alternativas viáveis para a disseminação do conhecimento. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar os resultados da disponibilização de conteúdo para a população em geral, por meio de um MOOC em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem gratuito, visando orientar pessoas interessadas a compreender sobre conceitos básicos de combate a princípios de incêndios. Para tanto, foi utilizada a plataforma Moodle nesse desenvolvimento, sendo o ambiente que concentrou os recursos digitais produzidos. Após o fechamento da turma e de posse das respostas dos questionários dos alunos, foi realizada uma análise estatística constatando que o curso contribuiu positivamente para o ensino das pessoas e, mais do que isso, evidenciou que os Corpos de Bombeiros, além de capacitar seus próprios servidores, podem ser responsáveis por disponibilizar mais conteúdos educativos para a população em geral, auxiliando na proteção e prevenção da sociedade.

Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. MOOC. Bombeiros. Incêndio.
Papel del profesional de enfermería en el cuidado de los niños con fibrosis quística.
Authors: Lagoueyte Gómez Maria Isabel , Sandra Patricia Uribe Velásquez
Published: August 2022

Introducción. La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad huérfana cuyas manifestaciones se presentan en los sistemas respiratorio y digestivo. El manejo clásico se sustenta en tres pilares: antibioticoterapia, terapia respiratoria y control nutricional, cuyos objetivos son mantener la vía aérea libre de secreción e infección y lograr un estado nutricional óptimo.Objetivo: Proporcionar información a los profesionales de enfermería para el cuidado de pacientes con esta condición, con el fin de brindar atención integral que les ayude y a sus familias.Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y SciELO con descriptores relacionados con fibrosis quística en niños, diagnóstico, tratamiento, cuidados de enfermería y educación a la familia. También se consultó el Google académico, artículos en libros y revistas especializadas en inglés, español y portugués, publicados a partir de 2006.Resultados. En Colombia y en general en el mundo, existen pocos estudios escritos por profesionales de enfermería sobre este tema; sin embargo, se encontraron artículos publicados por diversos profesionales de la salud, la gran mayoría escritos por médicos, primando el inglés y provenientes de Europa y Norteamérica los cuales brindaron información actualizada y relevante para brindar cuidados con base científica.Conclusiones.El sistema de salud en Colombia es precario, lo que redunda en la calidad de vida y expectativa de vida de estos pacientes. El cuidado y la atención de los niños con fibrosis quística es compleja y amerita un equipo interdisciplinario compuesto por médicos, enfermeras, fisioterapeutas, nutricionistas y psicólogos en el cual el papel del profesional de enfermería es fundamental, con el fin de lograr adherencia al tratamiento, fortaleciendo la educación y el seguimiento de estos pacientes.
Basic models of protection and functioning of the Ukrainian border in modern geopolitical realities: a view from Ukraine
Authors: Kotsan Natalia , Kopachinska Galina , Vozniuk Yevheniia , Kotsan Roman
Published: August 2022

In the article, the authors summarised the concept of state border security. They have suggested a wider interpretation of the border security model. They discussed modern models of border security in a theoretical context. They presented progressive models of security and functioning of Ukraine’s borders and described their features. They emphasised that the modern Ukrainian-Polish boundary represents a partially liberal model of security and functioning and it can be characterised by the operational security model. Different models of the functioning of the Ukrainian-Polish boundary (asymmetrical, selectively simplified, and symmetrical) were identified and connected with the transformational processes of the Ukrainian-Polish relations.
Urban regeneration and urban resilience planning through connectivity: the importance of this principle of new urbanism
Authors: Cysek-Pawlak Monika , Krzysztofik Sylwia , Makowski Andrzej
Published: August 2022

Urban regeneration, which is increasingly having to include methods of adapting urban areas to escalating climate change, is one of the main challenges for the contemporary development of European cities, especially in densely built-up central areas. This multi-level process requires major financial outlays, which is why it is so important to identify the factors that ensure the effectiveness of implemented projects. This article attempts to define the meaning of the New Urbanism principle of connectivity, ensuring freedom of movement in the urban regeneration process. The conducted research has been intended to verify the hypothesis that improving connectivity is critical for the success of the processes of regenerating and improving resilience in degraded urban fabric. The research was conducted using the area regeneration of the centre of Lodz as an example, being the largest project of this type in Poland. The analyses were made by comparing the current status, based on an inventory of the existing situation, and the planned status on the basis of design documentation. The research demonstrates that increasing connectivity will improve the accessibility of properties located within municipal quarters and will help obtain more attractive public spaces. The planned activities will also help bolster climate change in the location by increasing green areas, improving the use of wasteland, and by developing a network of green infrastructure. The execution of the revitalisation project in the centre of Lodz will not only improve the quality of space, but will also increase the resilience of the intensively urbanised inner-city areas to climate change.
Łódź Art Center jako nowa publiczna przestrzeń kultury w Łodzi
Authors: Rouba Rafał
Published: August 2022

Autor niniejsze opracowanie poświęcił nowym przestrzeniom publicznym w mieście poprzemysłowym w oparciu o Łódź. Przedstawiona analiza ma charakter studium przypadku. Jej przedmiotem jest Łódź Art Center (dalej ŁAC), czyli nowo powstała instytucja kultury, w gestii której znajduje się przestrzeń dużego obiektu pofabrycznego w centrum miasta. Celem pracy jest wykazanie, że obiekt, w którym prowadzona jest działalność ŁAC ma charakter nowej miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej przeznaczonej na potrzeby kultury, zaś problematyka pracy wpisuje się w szerszy nurt badań związanych z procesami zachodzącymi w polskich miastach po 1989 roku.
Przestrzeń publiczna generatorem atrakcyjności przestrzeni mieszkaniowej wybranych osiedli mieszkaniowych w Łodzi
Authors: Groeger Lidia
Published: August 2022

Celem Autorki jest przedstawienie sposobu wpływania na atrakcyjność danego miejsca osiedli mieszkaniowych na rynku nieruchomości oraz jaki jest szacunkowy wzrost wartości mieszkań ze względu na urządzenie przestrzeni publicznej. Badaczka chce w swojej pracy pokazać, że przestrzeń publiczna ma swoją wartość jako dobro rzadko spotykane i dlatego powinna podlegać szczególnej ochronie.
Burnout among Physicians Working in Palliative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gonçalves José Vítor , Castro Luísa , Nunes Rui , Rêgo Guilhermina
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Physicians working in palliative care have a greater risk of burnout. Burnout has three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduction of personal accomplishments. Burnout is associated with different consequences for the professionals like less professional satisfaction and increase of overall levels of exhaustion. Burnout in healthcare professionals has an impact in the patients with increased probability of clinical erros. In order to monitor the quality of the care it is mandatory to assess overall levels of burnout. This study aimed to determine burnout levels and associated variables of physicians working in the Portuguese national network of palliative care.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory and quantitative design was employed and participants were sampled using convenience and snowball technique. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine burnout levels of physicians working in the Portuguese National Network of Palliative Care. The contributions of personal, work and COVID-19 variables were evaluated in three subclasses: work, personal and patient-related burnout. The results obtained enabled the identification of healthcare professionals at risk, comparison with previous results published and to assess the impact of COVID-19 in their non COVID-19 activity.Results: Seventy-five physicians participated. Socio-demographic characterization was conducted and the levels of burnout and determinants were explored. High levels of personal, work and patient-related burnout were present in 32 (43%), 39 (52%) and 16 (21%) physicians, respectively. The majority agreed that COVID-19 had an impact on their activities. Exclusive dedication to palliative care and type of palliative care unit were associated with lower levels of patient and work-related burnout. Weekly physical activity was associated with lower levels of work and personal burnout. Self-perceived health status was associated with lower levels of burnout for all subclasses.Conclusion: There was a high level of burnout among physicians working in the Portuguese National Network of Palliative Care. Measures to identify and prevent burnout are necessary in order to protect these professionals.
Digital educative public message: Health protocol awareness at pandemic COVID-19 periods (Instagram feeds @humasprovjatim)
Authors: Kristiyono Jokhanan , Permatasari Delmarrich Bilga Ayu , Ekantoro Julyanto , Roosinda Fitria Widiyani
Published: August 2022

Dissemination of information related to the issues of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Instagram account @humasprovjatim is interesting to study because of understanding the meaning and motives behind educational messages conveyed through the Instagram account @humasprovjatim. It can form awareness regarding health protocols during the pandemic and post-COVID-19 pandemic to realize changes in attitudes, behavior, and healthy lifestyles that reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze educational messages aware of health protocols on the Instagram account of Public Relations (PR) of East Java Province (@humasprovjatim). This study used content analysis methods with Pentad’s Dramatic Analysis. The object studied was educational messages from the PR Instagram feed in March-December 2020. Result of this research is the dramatic rhetoric in the content of the Instagram feed by the PR of the province of East Java. The Instagram media is a rhetorical stage in conveying the message of community life in dealing with COVID-19. Conclusion of this research is that there is an important role for packaging content on their Instagram. The results of this study explain that the PR Instagram account is a stage where a "show" occurs which is considered capable of bridging the government to build educational messages regarding the health protocols presented in such a way to the public.
Building Nonprofit Management Education in the US: The Role of Centers in Supporting New Academic Disciplines
Authors: Weber Peter , Brunt Carol
Published: August 2022

Nonprofit and philanthropic studies (NPS) is a visible presence at American universities and has achieved academic credibility. This study analyzes the role of academic centers devoted to the nonprofit sector in institutionalizing NPS as a distinctive academic field. It relies on a survey and selected case studies to map nonprofit academic centers and assess their field-building efforts. We find 55 US-based nonprofit academic centers that vary in size, revenue streams, and institutional location. Centers offer a broad range of services that span academia and practice supporting the local and regional nonprofit communities. Both endogenous and exogenous factors supported the founding of these centers, whose sustainability relies on interdisciplinarity, internal and external funding, and institutional support. We propose an evolutionary explanation for NPS’s institutionalization.
Social Enterprise Legitimacy: Application of Accountability Mechanisms as a Multi-Institutional Context Strategy
Authors: Kolodinsky Robert W. , Ritchie William J. , Capar Nejat
Published: August 2022

Social enterprises, as hybrid organizations with a dual-mission focus and diversity of primary stakeholders, have unique communication and governance challenges when compared to other social mission organizations, such as nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations. To address a gap in the social enterprise literature, we offer a comprehensive framework to illustrate how the application of context-specific ‘accountability mechanisms’ (Ebrahim, 2003) can strengthen organizational legitimacy perceptions and, in doing so, strengthen performance perceptions and stakeholder ties. Given multiple principal stakeholders in the plural institutional environments in which such hybrid organizations operate, our premise is that social enterprises bolster such perceptions by applying relevant accountability tools and processes in each of Ingram and Clay’s (2000) four institutional contexts. Importantly, our framework applies to both strategic and institutional social enterprise legitimacy. As an illustration, we performed a qualitative examination of three established social enterprises, each in a different industry. Findings revealed each of these social enterprises had adopted accountability mechanisms in all four institutional contexts, suggesting that practitioner application of, and future research on, our framework may prove fruitful.
Pas koji laje ne grize
Authors: Pavlović Tomislav , Franc Renata
Published: August 2022

Unatoč neupitnoj povezanosti stavova i ponašanja, velik broj teoretičara slaže se da stavove o političkom nasilju i sudjelovanje u političkom nasilju ne treba izjednačavati. Ipak, ranija istraživanja nisu se eksplicitno bavila empirijskom provjerom valjanosti tog izjednačavanja u kontekstu radikalizacije. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio provjeriti koliko je precizno moguće temeljem stavova o političkom nasilju razlikovati sudionike političkog nasilja od osoba koje u političkom nasilju ne sudjeluju. Analize su provedene na skupu podataka prikupljenom u sklopu projekta MyPLACE krajem 2012. i početkom 2013. na mladima (N = 16935) iz četrnaest europskih država, uključujući Hrvatsku. Nakon uparivanja sudionika s ciljem eliminacije potencijalnih izvora pristranosti u procjenama, rezultati su potvrdili da obje mjere stava o političkom nasilju – opravdavanje političkog nasilja i percipirana efikasnost političkog nasilja – pružaju značajan i neovisan doprinos objašnjavanju varijance sudjelovanja u političkom nasilju. Međutim, temeljem spomenutih varijabli oko trećine sudionika bilo je pogrešno klasificirano glede stvarnog sudjelovanja u političkom nasilju, čime je i empirijski potvrđena važnost zasebnog istraživanja kognitivne i bihevioralne radikalizacije, kao i opravdanost razlikovanja između stavova i ponašanja u kontekstu političkog nasilja.
Reliable Machine Learning Model for Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened Using FRP Jackets
Authors: Gasser Moamen , Mahmoud Omar , elsayed taha , Deifalla Ahmed
Published: August 2022

All over the world, externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer systems used to strengthen concrete elements improve building sustainability. However, reports issued by the American Concrete Institute Committee 440 called for heavy scrutinizing before actual field implementation. The very limited number of proposed equations lacks reliability and accuracy. Thus, further investigation in this area is needed. In addition, machine learning techniques are being implemented successfully in developing strength models for complex problems. This study aims to provide a reliable machine learning model based on an experimental database. The proposed model was developed and validated against the experimental database and the very limited models in the literature. The model showed improved agreement with the experimental results compared to the previous models.
Model Predictive Control with On-line Kinetic Parameter Identification Strategy on Anaerobic Digestion Reactors
Authors: Cortes Ocaña Luis Gabriel , Barbancho Concejero Julio , De la Rubia Romero María Ángeles , Larios Marín Diego Francisco , Marín Batista Jose Daniel , Fernandez Mohedano Angel , Portilla Caicedo Christian Roviro
Published: August 2022

This work presents a nonlinear model predictive control scheme that challenges overcoming the obstacles holding back over decades to develop affordable autonomous control and monitoring systems applied in the large-scale industry. Among the numerous proposals in the literature, most do not consider the significant fluctuation of kinetic parameters in the reduced mathematical model ADM2, widely used for control and monitoring purposes. The prevalent cause, on a basis, is the lack of information caused by some dynamics and parameters that cannot be measured in real-time by reliable sensors. In addition, to make matters worse, those systems inherently act with nonlinear nature and have a high sensitiveness to uncontrollable inputs and perturbations. Therefore, to prevent these drawbacks, this work proposes a new methodology that reconstructs the lack of information from the non-measurable dynamics, concentration of bacterias, and the kinetic parameters related to reaction rates. Simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology compared with traditional industrial control schemes.
Assessing the Factors Impacting Transport Usage of Mobility App Users in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Sinha Kushagra
Published: August 2022

Smartphone-based mobility apps enable users to make informed transportation decisions, offering instant access to transport-related information. This development has created a smartphone-enabled ecosystem of mobility services in developed countries while it is slowly picking up pace in the global south, which can contribute towards the decarbonization of urban transport. Work on this has already started in India, and there is considerable evidence indicating the profound impact of these apps on the perceived utility and usage of transport modes, with far-reaching implications for sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, for most users, the use of smartphone apps is a novel trend, and the knowledge of the impacts of usage of existing apps on the usage pattern of transport modes by various user groups is essential for positioning new consolidated app-based services soon. Against this backdrop, the present study uses latent class cluster analysis to empirically investigate the impacts of mobility apps on transport mode usage patterns in Delhi by classifying users into latent classes based on socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes/preferences, smartphone app usage, and mode usage pattern. The characteristics of the latent class and factors affecting the individual’s probability of being classified to these cluster have been discussed, along with some measures to encourage app-based mobility for each cluster.
Absence of Electric Field outside a Static Charged Black Hole - Something Awry in Reissner-Nordström Metric
Authors: Singal Ashok
Published: August 2022

Using the principle of equivalence, it has recently been shown that the electrostatic field lines of a charge, stationary in the gravitational field, bend exactly like the trajectories of photons emitted isotropically from a source at the charge location and that the fraction of electric flux crossing a surface `below' or `above' the charge is exactly similar to the fraction of photon trajectories intersecting these surfaces, with more flux in the downward direction than upward. As one goes much deeper in the gravitational field, all electric field lines increasingly point in the vertically downward direction as is also the case for a stream of photons. Since photon trajectories as well as electric field lines, at any location in the gravitational field, are affected by the local space-time curvature an inference can be drawn that this parallel between the photon trajectories and the electric field lines is a general result. We could then apply these results in the external gravitational field of a black hole, where the trajectories of photons in the gravitational field are already well-known and the behaviour of electric field lines of a stationary charge could be inferred therefrom. Accordingly, we show that the electric field through an external spherical surface surrounding the black hole steadily reduces as the charge location approaches the event horizon (Schwarzschild radius), and like photons from a source inside the Schwarzschild radius cannot escape outside, the electric field lines of a charge within the black hole too remain trapped inside the event horizon. From this one arrives at a conclusion that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, the electric charge contained inside a static black hole cannot be detected or inferred by an external observer. A black hole, said to have no hair with the only external identifying characteristics being mass, electric charge, and angular momentum, is therefore all the more `hairless', as even its charge cannot be ascertained. The derivation of the Reissner-Nordström metric, supposedly describing the gravitational field of a static charged black hole, presumes an external stress-energy tensor of the electrostatic field, as per Gauss law, even for the charges contained within the black hole. However, the absence of electric flux external to a static charged black hole implies that such a charged black hole is not described correctly by the Reissner-Nordström metric and the consequential peculiarities of the space-time geometry, leading in specific cases to the idea of a naked intrinsic singularity and a need for the ``cosmic censorship'' hypothesis, also do not arise here.
Kozak Similarity Score Algorithm Identifies Alternative Translation Initiation Codons Implicated in Cancers
Authors: Gleason Alec C. , Ghadge Ghanashyam , Sonobe Yoshifumi , Roos Raymond P.
Published: August 2022

Ribosome profiling and mass spectroscopy have identified canonical and noncanonical translation initiation codons (TICs) that are upstream of the main translation initiation site and used to translate oncogenic proteins. Here, we use a Kozak Similarity Score algorithm to find that nearly all of these TICs have flanking nucleotides closely matching the Kozak sequence. Remarkably, the nucleotides flanking alternative noncanonical TICs are frequently closer to the Kozak sequence than the nucleotides flanking TICs used to translate the gene’s main protein. Of note, the 5’ untranslated region (5‘UTR) of cancer-associated genes with an upstream TIC tend to be significantly longer than the same region in genes not associated with cancer. The presence of a longer than typical 5’UTR increases the likelihood of ribosome binding to upstream noncanonical TICs, and may be a distinguishing feature of a number of genes overexpressed in cancer. Noncanonical TICs that are located in the 5’UTR, although thought disadvantageous and suppressed by evolution, may translate oncogenic proteins because of their flanking nucleotides
Receptiveness of and Implementation Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination Certificates in Asia: A Survey Across 9 Countries
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Aparna , Rachatan Chayapat , Faradiba Dian , KC Sarin , Sittimart Manit , Dabak Saudamini Vishwanath , Shafie Asrul Akmal , Suwantika Auliya A. , Kang Gagandeep , Ahn Jeonghoon , Hsu Li Yang , Mayxay Mayfong , Howard Natasha , Wattanasri Parinda , Nakamura Ryota , George Tarun K , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Teerawattananon Yot
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 vaccination certificates (CVCs) have played a key role in safe reopening of borders for international travel and trade, so understanding key stakeholder perceptions of enablers and barriers for their effective use is critical. The COVID-19 Vaccination Policy Research and Deci-sion-Support Initiative in Asia (CORESIA) was established to address policy questions related to CVCs. We conducted two online surveys, i.e., one for the public and one for health and non-health sector experts, from June to October 2021 in nine Asian countries. Descriptive analysis identified participants, enablers, and barriers. Most participants (78% public, 89% experts) accepted the use of CVCs, primarily to resume international travel (76%). Most respondents in both surveys wanted the minimum vaccination coverage to be 60% before CVCs were implemented nation-wide. Most of the public (82%) agreed to maintain existing non-pharmaceutical interventions, while most experts wanted risk-based testing and quarantine policy for incoming travellers (51%) and both digital and paper format CVCs (64%). Support for CVCs for international travel remains high in Asia. Recognising key enablers and barriers for effective use of CVCs from COVID-19 pandemic may help policymakers draft effective border policies for future epidemics.
Increasing Ethanol Tolerance and Ethanol Production in an Industrial Fuel-ethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain
Authors: Varize Camila S. , Bücker Augusto , Lopes Lucas D. , Furlan Renata M. C. , Raposo Mariane S. , Basso Luiz C. , Stambuk Boris U.
Published: August 2022

The stress imposed by ethanol to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are one of the most challenging limiting factors in industrial fuel-ethanol production. Consequently, the toxicity and tolerance to high ethanol concentrations has been the subject of extensive research, allowing the identification of several genes important for increasing the tolerance to this stress factor. However, most studies were performed with well characterized laboratory strains, and how the results obtained with these strains work in industrial strains remains unknown. In the present work we have tested three different strategies known to increase ethanol tolerance by laboratory strains in an industrial fuel-ethanol producing strain: overexpression of the TRP1 or MSN2 genes, or overexpression of a truncated version of the MSN2 gene. Our results show that the industrial CAT-1 strain tolerates up to 14% ethanol, and indeed the three strategies increased its tolerance to ethanol. When these strains were subjected to fermentations with high sugar content and cell-recycle, simulating the industrial conditions used in Brazilian distilleries, only the strain with overexpression of the truncated MSN2 gene showed improved fermentation performance, allowing the production of 16% ethanol from 33% of total reducing sugars present in sugarcane molasses. Our results highlight the importance of testing genetic modifications in industrial yeast strains under industrial conditions in order to improve the production of industrial fuel ethanol by S. cerevisiae.
High Dietary Folic Acid Intake is Associated with Genomic instability in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Healthy Adults
Authors: Alnabbat Khadijah I. , Fardous Ali M. , Shahab Aiman , James Andrew A. , Bahri Manhel R. , Heydari Ahmad R.
Published: August 2022

Mandatory fortification of food with the synthetic folic acid (FA) was instituted in 1998 to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. Adequate folate status is correlated with numerous health benefits. However, elevated consumption of FA is controversially associated with deleterious effects on health. We previously reported that excess FA mimicked folate depletion in a lymphoblastoid cell line. To explore the impact of FA intake from fortified food, we conducted an observational human study on 33 healthy participants aged 18-40 not taking any supplements. Food intake, anthropomorphic measurements, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Our results show that individuals belonging to the highest tertile of folic acid intake, as well as ones with the highest folic acid to total folate intake ratio (FAR), display a significantly greater incidence of lymphocyte genomic damage. A decrease in global DNA methylation is observed in the highest tertile of FAR compared to the lowest (P=0.055). A downward trend in the overall gene expression of select DNA repair and one carbon cycle genes (MGMT, MLH1, UNG, MTHFR, MTR) is noted with increased folate status and FA intake. These results provide supporting evidence that high consumption of FA from fortified foods can precipitate genomic instability in peripheral lymphocyte in-vivo.
Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Simultaneous or Sequential Bilateral Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Fletcher Amanda N. , Johnson Lindsey G. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , DeOrio James K.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The risk-benefit profiles of simultaneous total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) compared with sequential TAA continue to be debated. There are limited case series reporting outcomes after bilateral TAA, with no previous comparison of simultaneous TAA with sequential TAA. Patients with bilateral pathology represent a unique population with an overall more debilitating condition. Thus, we aimed to compare bilateral simultaneous and sequential TAAs, including perioperative complications and patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods:

We performed a comparative cohort study of patients who underwent primary bilateral TAA, performed in a simultaneous or sequential fashion, from 2007 to 2019 at a single academic center. Data on patient demographic characteristics, comorbidities, perioperative complications, reoperations, and implant failures were collected. Patient-reported outcome measures included preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) scores, and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores.

Results:

A total of 50 patients (100 ankles) were included, with 25 patients (50 ankles) each in the bilateral simultaneous and sequential cohorts. The mean follow-up was 52.2 ± 27.3 months (range, 24 to 109 months). The mean time between sequential TAAs was 17.5 ± 20.1 months (range, 3 to 74 months). The mean patient age was 64.3 ± 10.6 years (range, 21 to 76 years), and 32 (64.0%) were men. The majority of patients (28 patients [56.0%]) had primary osteoarthritis. Both cohorts had equivalent preoperative patient-reported outcome measures and experienced improvements in all measures, which were maintained at the final follow-up with no significant between-group differences (all p > 0.05). There were no differences between the simultaneous TAA group and the sequential TAA group in perioperative complication rates (22.0% compared with 24.0%; p = 0.7788), reoperations (12.0% compared with 10.0%; p = 0.7354), 5-year reoperation-free survival (88.0% compared with 90.0%; p = 0.4612), or failure-free survival (100%). One patient in the simultaneous TAA cohort required metal component revision at 8 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The patient-reported outcome measures, complications, and prosthesis survival of patients who underwent bilateral simultaneous TAA were comparable with those of patients who underwent bilateral sequential TAA. We advocate that simultaneous bilateral TAA is a safe and effective method for the treatment of bilateral end-stage ankle osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
BULK CARBON ISOTOPIC VARIABILITY WITHIN LEAVES
Authors: ROYER DANA L. , HREN MICHAEL T.
Published: August 2022

The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of fossil leaves is a simple and common measurement that provides information about paleophysiology, paleoecology, and paleoclimate. Variance in δ13C is typically assessed across leaves; comparatively little is known about variance within leaves, a potential source of unquantified uncertainty. Here we systematically analyze the spatial patterns of bulk δ13C in fresh leaves of 10 tree species (two leaves per species; 21 or 22 analyses per leaf). We find that samples containing midvein tissue are markedly higher in δ13C than non-midvein tissue from the same leaf (median = +0.85‰), with samples containing only midvein tissue offset by as much as +3.01‰. The non-midvein samples are less variable—the typical range within a single leaf is <1‰—and do not show any consistent spatial patterns. In cases where whole fossil leaves cannot be analyzed, we recommend sampling as many randomized areas without major veins as is feasible.