bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öğrencilerin Okudukları Bölümlerinden Duydukları Memnuniyeti Etkileyen Faktörlerin Sıralı Lojistik Regresyon Analizi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: KALFA Veli Riza , ÇAKIR Engin
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin bölümlerine olan memnuniyetlerini etkileyen değişkenleri, sıralı lojistik regresyon analizi ile belirlemektir. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişken ayrımının yapılarak bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişken üzerindeki etkisi incelenmeye çalışıldığından dolayı çalışma genel tarama modelleri arasından ilişkisel tarama modeli seçilerek yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesinin farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 676 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama araçlarından biri olan anket tekniğinden faydalanılmış ve hazırlanan anketler öğrencilere online olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada sıralı lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmış ve buna göre cinsiyet ve sınıf değişkenlerinin, bağımlı değişken üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etki oluşturduğu, kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre bölümlerinden daha fazla memnun oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerde sınıf ilerlemesinin bölümlerinden memnuniyetlerinde azalma oluşturduğu sonucuna da varılmıştır.
Türkiye’de İktisadi Gelişme Şoklarının İncelenmesi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz
Authors: ERDOĞAN Sinan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye ekonomisinde iktisadi gelişme şoklarının doğasını 1990-2018 dönemi için geleneksel ve yapısal kırılmalı birim kök ve durağanlık testleriyle araştırmaktır. Ampirik bulgular şöyle özetlenebilir: (a) geleneksel birim kök testi sonuçları iktisadi gelişmede görülebilecek şokların etkilerinin büyük oranda kalıcı olduğunu göstermektedir, (b) yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testleri sonuçları da iktisadi gelişme şoklarının etkisinin kalıcı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular ışığında, Türkiye’de iktisadi gelişme üzerinde muhtemel şokların etkisinin kalıcı olduğu, bir diğer ifadeyle iktisadi gelişmenin herhangi bir şok durumunda dışsal müdahale olmaksızın ortalama değerine ve trend patikasına dönemediği ifade edilebilir. Bu bulgular, Türkiye’de iktisadi gelişme üzerinde dengeleyici politikaların gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir.
SWEARING AND ITS MOTIVES IN THE ANTOLOGI RASA NOVEL
Authors: Prawinanto Adityo , Prasetyo Hardi , Bram Barli
Published: October 2020

This paper investigated English swear words used in a novel. This study was urgent to conduct because using swear words is a natural behavior in communication which is indicated by the employment of certain swear words to express emotion, to reduce frustrated feeling, and to show solidarity to others. Two research points to resolve were as follows: what types of swearing which the main character used and what motives for swearing in the novel. Data, consisting of 46 swear words, were collected from the Antologi Rasa novel written by Ika Natassa, and were investigated using a content analysis. Findings showed the following: 26 (56.5%) occurrences of auxiliary swearing, 12 (26.1%) of expletives swearing, 4 (8.7%) of abusive swearing, and 4 (8.7 %) of humorous swearing. Three motives for the main character to swear were as follows: psychological motives (23 occurrences or 50.0 %), social motives (19 or 41.30%), and linguistic motives (4 or 8.70%).
LATAH: A CLINICAL LINGUISTIC REVIEW
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad , Rahman Faisal , Fajrianor Fajrianor
Published: October 2020

This study describes the speech disorder in latah patients in terms of phonology with the Clinical Linguistic approach. Latah is a linguistic behaviour that occurs when someone is shocked, accidentally issuing words spontaneously and not aware of what he/she is saying. The the subjects of the study were severe latah sufferers namely latah echolalia, coprolalia, and automatic obedience, totalling 3 people. The words spoken by latah sufferers become research material and are reviewed from the phonological aspect in a clinical linguistic perspective. The main requirement for latah people is shock. Latah sufferers should be valued more. The surrounding environment has an important role for the recovery of latah sufferers because basically latah sufferers are caused by the surrounding environment. To reduce and cure latah, sufferers must find peace of life. The rest, the sufferers are encouraged to do relaxation exercises, meditation, and concentration on a regular basis. This activity will help sufferers to recovery.
New Century – ‘New Essays’?
Authors: Lisak-Gębala Dobrawa
Published: October 2020

This article constitutes an attempt at organising the non-conservative tendencies in Polish essays published in the 21st century, which apply to themes, the lowering of the tone, and forms of writing. One major stream is travel writing, which focuses not on the Mediterranean legacy, but on the ‘second world’: long-disadvantaged provincial areas. Many essayists abandon the traditional topic of books and works of art, and turn to ‘reading’ the animal world, the plant world, and the world of ordinary objects. The essay has also become a tool for introducing polarisation between that which is mainstream and that which is marginal and concerns minorities. The fact of choosing a non-traditional topic often entails a non-canonical cognitive attitude, which translates into experiments within the area of the form of expression. The author of this article argues that all those innovations can be accommodated by the flexible convention of the essay as a genre which, in principle, is supposed to constitute an artistic cognitive experiment.
Selected 19th-Century Poetic Paeans Celebrating Stanisław Moniuszko
Authors: Berkan-Jabłońska Maria
Published: October 2020

This article has a nature of a record. It was inspired by the 200th anniversary of the birth of Stanisław Moniuszko, and its main goal is to reference selected celebratory poems created in the 19th century in order to commemorate the composer. The author of this article indicated how different authors interpreted the ideological expressions of Moniuszko’s music, its sources, and the functions it fulfilled. She also discussed the directions of the evolution regarding how the composer was depicted in poetry, as he was initially perceived as a “native busker”, a Vilnius lyrnik, and a compatriot, and he gradually gained the rank of a folk minstrel and a prophet able to reproduce the “lyrical genius of the nation”.
“And to be malicious and belligerent / And not to lose feminine features”: Zuzanna Ginczanka’s Satirical World
Authors: Olech Karolina
Published: October 2020

The paper reflects on how Zuzanna Ginczanka, dubbed ‘Tuwim in a dress’ by Adam Ważyk, was finding her way – both as a woman and, above, as a poet – in the literary, cabaret world of Julian Tuwim, Jan Lechoń, or Antoni Słonimski. The paper focuses on the satirical output of the poet, which is why the author chose two works – namely Pochwała snobów (In Praise of Snobs) and Damskie kłopoty (Feminine Trouble) – as the basis for the analysis.
‘My Gaze as Sharp as a Pin / Penetrates the World’: The Colourful Dailiness in the Poetry of Zuzanna Ginczanka
Authors: Król Karolina
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper is to present preliminary research results on the sight-centrism of the poetry written by Zuzanna Ginczanka. The author of the article draws attention to a paradox: it is the sight that is favoured in Ginczanka’s poems, and sight is traditionally perceived as ‘masculine’, intellectual, as opposed to ‘feminine’ senses that are more focused on touch. One of the more important features of sight-centrism in Ginczanka’s works is the observation of hues which may be found in the world. The paper investigates whether colours in this poetry change after the author of Of Centaurus moves to Warsaw. The consistency of poetic imagery placing the human being in natural landscapes rather than the urban space forces the researcher to reflect on the affiliation of Ginczanka with the Skamander group.
Chitosan-induced production of secondary metabolites in plant extracts of Piper auritum, and the in vitro fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae
Authors: Fernández María Del Socorro , Hernández-Ochoa Flavio , Carmona-Hernández Oscar , Luna-Rodríguez Mauricio , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina , Asselin Hugo , Lozada-García José Armando
Published: October 2020

Se probó el efecto del quitosano sobre la producción de metabolitos secundarios de extractos etanólicos de Piper auritum, así como la actividad fungicida in vitro contra Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. Las plantas de P. auritum se dividieron en seis parcelas y se añadió quitosano comercial a la mitad de ellas. Se midieron las concentraciones de flavonoides, fenoles, terpenos, alcaloides y ácido salicílico en extractos etanólicos de P. auritum y la actividad antifúngica se midió con la concentración efectiva media (CE50). Las concentraciones totales de flavonoides, fenoles y terpenos fueron más altas con el tratamiento con quitosano (sin quitosano 12.8 versus con quitosano 12.4 ?g equivalente de quercetina por mg, 12.6 versus 2.3 ?g equivalente de ácido tánico por 10 mg y 16.3 versus 11.6 mg equivalente de mentol por 100 mg). Mientras que la concentración de alcaloides disminuyó mediante la adición de quitosano (de 148.2 a 84.5 ?g de equivalente de piperina por mg). La adición de quitosano aumentó la concentración de ácido salicílico (de 1.3 a 2.2 ?g de equivalente de ácido salicílico por mg). La concentración de 4 mg mL-1 de extracto etanólico de P. auritum tratado con quitosano inhibió el 100% del crecimiento micelial. El tratamiento con quitosano generó que la CE50 de P. auritum contra F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae fuera menor (1.5 mg mL-1) respecto al control (5.1 mg mL-1). Se concluye que la adición de quitosano aumentó la producción de metabolitos secundarios y la actividad antifúngica in vitro en extractos de P. auritum.
SALINITY OF SOILS OF INTERMOUNTAIN DEPRESSIONS IN THE DESERTS OF THE ZALTAI GOBI OF MONGOLIA
Authors: Pankova E.
Published: October 2020

Intermountain depressions (depressions) are a characteristic feature of Zaaltai Gobi landscapes in Mongolia. There are three types of depressions, each of which is characterized by peculiarities of soil structure and specificity of soil salinity. The first type is low intermountain depressions - zones of accumulation of modern flood waters. Takyrs are formed at the bottom of depressions. The second type is the salt marshes, the formation of which is determined by the seepage of ground (ground) waters. The bottom is occupied by saline soils, sandy soils, takyrs and takyr-like soils. These are zones of modern salt accumulation. The third type is the highest absolute levels of dry depressions, filled mainly with ancient melpaleogene salt rocks, often washed away by the Saur channels. Ancient saline rocks (reddish flowers) form lithogenic solonchaks, the salinity of which is associated with the salinity of soil-forming rocks.
GEOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF TOP PEAT IN MIDDLE TAIGA OF THE PRE-OB REGION
Authors: Vodyanitsky Yu. N. , Savichev A. T. , Avetov N. F. , Trofimov S. Ya. , Kozlov S. A.
Published: October 2020

The top peat in middle taiga of the Pre-Ob region represents a highly negative geochemical anomaly of several chemical elements as compared to that in southern taiga located in the middle and upper parts of this region. Obviously, due to close location of mountain systems (Altai, Salair ridge, Kuznetsk Alatau) and the aerial dust transfer the top peat in southern taiga is enriched with the major metals; this process is unachievable for the remote middle part of the Pre-Ob region.
CHANGING PROPERTIES OF THE MESOTROPHIC PEAT SOIL IN GRAIN-ROW CROP ROTATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND LIME
Authors: Lytkin I. I.
Published: October 2020

, mobile forms of P and K (the latter effects considerably the soil fertility at lime doses of more than 0.50 Hг).
Protection of eroded soils and the fertility recovery within the dry-steppe and forest-steppe zones of Russia
Authors: Izvekov A. S.
Published: October 2020

For southern steppe regions of the country the soil protection technologies of crop production, being exemplified by chernozems in the Pre-Caucasus region have been elaborated and put into practice with the aim at increasing their productivity, fertility recovery and preventing the soils and crops against erosion processes. In the forest-steppe zone a set of soil protection measures including the contour organization of the territory, strip cropping, selection of soil amendment crops, soil biologization is used in agro-gray eroded soils on slopes (to 5º).
Humus and nitrogen state virgin and cultivated chernozems
Authors: Koroleva I. E. , Lebedeva I. I. , Grebennikov A. M.
Published: October 2020

At the quantitative level on the basic parameters described in the fertility of the virgin chernozems in zonal-subzonal aspect. The article traces the changes in nitrogen and humus condition at an early stage of development. In terms of reserves of humus and nitrogen chernozems forest steppe and steppe have significant differences: the largest reserves of humus and nitrogen are concentrated in the migration-micellar (typical) chernozems, the lowest - in the texture-carbonate (southern). Scheduled prognosis agroevolution chernozems in the amplification of human impact.
A concept of trophy status in connection with anthropogenic eutrophication of raised bogs in the Khanty-Mansy Pre-Ob region
Authors: Avetov N. A. , Shishkonakova E. A.
Published: October 2020

A concept of trophy status of bogs in the soil classifications of Russia and Germany and in WRB is reviewed. A list of plant indicators of trophy status in Khanty-Mansy Pre-Ob region is presented. The specific features of anthropogenic eutrophic peat soil are pH > 4.5 (in topsoil) and meso-eutrophic vegetation, forming eutrophic turf over oligotrophic peat. There are several ways of anthropogenic soil formation as a result of oil production impact.
Soils with vertic properties in Kamennaya Steppe
Authors: Khitrov N. B. , Cheverdin Yu. I. , Chizhikova N. P. , Rogovneva L. V.
Published: October 2020

The most spread are soils with vertic properties at the territory of Kamennaya Steppe (Voronezh region, Talovsky district) being confined to four landscape positions within 11 different soil combinations derived from clayey or two-layered heavy loam-clayey parent materials. These soils have developed: (A) on bottoms of deep and closed depressions covered by spotted soil combinations in flat watersheds; (B) on some depression bottoms in spotted combinations without solonetzic soils; (C) in different relief elements occupied by chernozemic hydromorphic solonetz complexes and (D) in concave (in long and cross directions) relief elements in the topolithomosaic composition confined to exposed re-deposition products of Dnieper moraine on the slope of Talovaya narrow. Occupying only 0.2% from the total area of agro-forest landscapes, the vertic soils can account for 0.7% to 15% within a separate soil combination and reveal a great diversity. The latter is associated with vertic properties developed together with features of gleying and quasi-gleying, accumulation of calcium carbonates and, on the contrary, clay illuviation against the background of calcium carbonate leaching, solonetz process, salinization, humus formation and the topsoil eluviations. Such a diversity may be adequately reflected both in the soil classification of Russia and in WRB.
An assessment system of natural and anthropogenic effects on changes
Authors: Karmanov I. I. , Bulgakov D. S. , Shishkonakova E. A.
Published: October 2020

Under consideration are the calculation results obtained by means of the soil and agro-climatic index PAKI to estimate natural-anthropogenic positive and adverse effects on the soil fertility. The assessment of positive effects is exemplified by liming of soils in the southern taiga zone, whereas the assessment of adverse effects is considered with special reference to water erosion and soil washout in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Such a methodological approach provides comparative spatially orientated information and allows assessing the soil quality rating scores for arable lands, thus showing (1) the efficiency of soil liming and (2) the degree of adverse effects exerted by water erosion on the soil fertility. The application of PAKI index meets demands of soil management and permits to forecast the transformation of soil resources, changes in the soil cover pattern, and soil productivity. It may serve as a background for land taxation.
MODELO MULTICRITÉRIO PARA APOIAR A CERTIFICAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE NOS PORTOS CATARINENSES
Authors: Rodrigues Kassia Tonheiro , Welter Larissa Marx , Longaray André Andrade , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi construção de um modelo Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão Construtivista (MCDA-C) para apoiar a holding SC Participações e Parcerias S.A. (SCPAR) na atividade de certificação da qualidade do processo de movimentação de cargas em seus portos subsidiários. Após operacionalização do estudo de caso, destaca-se como principal resultado a construção de indicadores relacionados às ‘Especificações das Cargas em termos de Contrato’ e ‘Condições da Carga’. Este estudo contribui para a identificação, por parte da SCPAR, de ações que ela própria pode tomar, a fim de estimular melhorias no desempenho de seus atores logísticos.
How foliar application of vine-shoot extract onto grapevine could affect white must composition?
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Rosario , Pérez-Álvarez Eva. P. , Salinas M. Rosario , Gonzalo-Diago Ana , Zalacain Amaya , Garde-Cerdán Teresa
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, agronomic practices are evolving towards a “Sustainable Agriculture” using environmentally friendly systems. Modern viticulture aims to reduce inputs without reducing grape yield and wine quality. As a result of pruning, vine-shoots are generated as the waste of the vineyard. However their aqueous extracts have shown to have significant contents of bioactive compounds and, therefore, biostimulant activity. The foliar applications of vine-shoot extracts onto white grapevine variety caused a reduction in the sugar content, further an effect on the grape reaction product (trans-GRP) content was observed.
The Influence of Stress on Professional Satisfaction of Multigrade Teachers: Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Rotas Erwin
Published: October 2020

Teaching is considered a multifarious task. Teachers, in the pursuit of educational success, are burdened with numerous teaching workloads and dilemmas causing them stress. This study endeavored to determine the influence of stress on professional satisfaction of multigrade teachers. It employed correlation research design involving thirty (30) purposively selected multigrade teachers in the Schools Division of General Santos City (GSC), Southern Philippines. Employing the survey method, tailored questionnaires were utilized to gather the needed data. The statistical tools employed in the analysis were weighted mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Moderate level of stress and high level of professional satisfaction are gained among the multigrade teachers surveyed. It was further found out that there is no significant relationship between stress and professional satisfaction, providing evidence that stress may not necessarily influence satisfaction. This result offers unique implications in theory, practice, and research which are discussed in the study.
How Do the COVID-19 Prevention Measures Interact With Sustainable Development Goals?
Authors: Beigi Shima
Published: October 2020

Washing hands, social distancing and staying at home are the preventive measures set in place to contain the spread of the COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. These measures, although straightforward to follow, highlight the tip of an imbalanced socio-economic and socio-technological iceberg. Here, a System Dynamic (SD) model of COVID-19 preventive measures and their correlation with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is presented. The result demonstrates a better informed view of the COVID-19 vulnerability landscape. This novel qualitative approach refreshes debates on the future of SDGS amid the crisis and provides a powerful mental representation for decision makers to find leverage points that aid in preventing long-term disruptive impacts of this health crisis on people, planet and economy. There is a need for further tailor-made and real-time qualitative and quantitative scientific research to calibrate the criticality of meeting the SDGS targets in different countries according to ongoing lessons learned from this health crisis.
A Review of Recent Studies on Urban Stormwater Drainage System for Urban Flood Management
Authors: Teshome Manaye , Devi Allu Revathi
Published: October 2020

Stormwater drainage and urban flooding are the popular issues in policy agendas and academia. Although the research on these title increases steadily an integrated review on stormwater drainage and urban flood with a focus on pluvial flooding has yet to be produced. This paper presents a critical review on stormwater drainage and urban flood based on 78 selected journal papers published over the period of 1990 to 2018. The review focus on pluvial flooding to relate urban stormwater drainage management and urban flood disaster management and to show the links between the two. The methods taken to manage urban stormwater drainage and urban flooding as well as the complexity of achieving a comprehensive urban flood disaster management are evaluated and discussed. To better understand the concepts behind urban flood and improve the urban flood risk management strategies, recommendation of future research directions are also provided.
Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm Approach for Verification of Reachability and Detection of Deadlock in Graph Transformation Systems
Authors: Salimi Nahid , Rafe Vahid , Tabrizchi Hamed , Mosavi Amir
Published: October 2020

model checking techniques are often used for the verification of software systems. Such techniques are accompanied with several advantages. However, state space explosion is one of the drawbacks to model checking. During recent years, several methods have been proposed based on evolutionary and meta-heuristic algorithms to solve this problem. In this paper, a hybrid approach is presented to cope with the SSE problem in model checking of systems modeled by GTS with an ample state space. Most of existence proposed methods that aim to verify systems are applied to detect deadlocks by graph transformations. The proposed approach is based on the fuzzy genetic algorithm and is designed to decline the safety property by verifying the reachability property and detecting deadlocks. In this solution, the state space of the system is searched by a fuzzy genetic algorithm to find the state in which the specified property is refuted/verified. To implement and evaluate the suggested approach, GROOVE is used as a powerful designing and model checking toolset in GTS. The experimental results indicate that the presented hybrid fuzzy method improves speed and performance by comparing other techniques
Orta Anadolu'da Bir Yörük Köyü: Kömürcü
Authors: KÖÇ Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Orta Anadolu’da Ankara’dan Kırşehir’e giden eski yol üzerinde bulunan Kömürcü Mahallesi/köyü idari açıdan bugün Çankaya İlçesine bağlıdır. Osmanlı devrinde şehre bir günlük mesafedeki bu bölgede yolcuların konaklaması için Yakub Abdal ve Ahi Çomak Tekkeleri kurulmuştur. Söz konusu Yakup Abdal Tekkesi; Kömürcü, Evciler, Tekke(Ahi Çomak) yol güzergahı üzerinde kurulmuştur.
Tipik Anadolu köyleri gibi verimsiz ve yetersiz arazilerde, hayvancılığın sınırlı yapılabildiği bölgede kurulmuş Kömürcü, bugün büyüyen gelişen metropol Ankara’nın hemen yanı başındadır. Anadolu’nun ücra köylerinden pek farkı olmayan Kömürcü Karyesi’nin, XIX. Yüzyıldaki temettuat ve nüfus defterlerinden hareketle vaziyetini ortaya koymak çalışmanın temel amacıdır. XIX. Yüzyılda Elmadağın arka yamacındaki köyün tarım ve hayvancılık imkanlarının kısıtlılığı, köylülerin günlük işlerde çalışmak üzere yakın köylere gidip gelmelerine yol açmıştır. Temettuat ve tahrir defterleri çerçevesinde köylünün durumu çeşitli yönlerden ele alınarak, zorlu şartlar altında köylünün alternatifler geliştirdiğini göstermektedir. Buna göre kimi zaman günlük kimi zaman mevsimlik işlerde çalışmak üzere giden köylüler mali durumlarını güçlendirmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu araştırmada bütüncül tarihçiliğin bir parçası olarak ülkemizde fazla geliş(e)meyen mahalli tarih çalışması küçük bir köy olan Kömürcü özelinde ele alınmıştır.
Эпидемиологическая характеристика заболеваемости населения Краснодарского края COVID-19 в период с 10 марта по 17 августа 2020 года
Authors: Дубоделов Дмитрий
Published: October 2020

Изучены отдельные параметры эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в Краснодарском крае за период с 10 марта по 17 августа 2020 года. Показано сохранение высокого уровня заболеваемости с COVID-19 после отмены ограничительных мероприятий – в среднем в завершающую фазу периода наблюдения регистрировали 83 пациента в день. Удельный вес пациентов, перенесших заболевание в тяжелой и среднетяжелой форме, составляет 63,7%, причем у лиц в возрасте старше 65 лет их доля несколько выше - 76,0%. Наиболее интенсивно в эпидемический процесс вовлечены пенсионеры, временно не работающие (мужчины и женщины) и работники медицинских организаций (женщины).
Successful Mitigation of Negative Parent-Child Wells Interaction Using Far-Field Diversion in the Delaware Basin
Authors: Defeu Cyrille , Galt Aaron , Williams Ryan , Green Larrez , Valle Laine , Sethi Richa
Published: October 2020

Recent industry analysis based on publicly available production data of most unconventional basins in the US have consistently highlighted the underperformance of child wells as compared to parent wells, although completion practices have continuously evolved. Industry publications have suggested that average productivity degradation of child wells can be up to 29% for some Delaware Basin operators. In some cases, the detrimental effects of parent-child relationships have also been observed on the parent wells after the stimulation of the child wells. In such an environment it is important to develop completion strategies to mitigate the negative effects of this parent-child relationship. In the Delaware Basin, the negative parent-child effect was successfully mitigated on two different zipper pads, with parent wells as close as 500 ft away from the zippered child wells. On the first pad, one parent well was completed and six months later two child wells were zippered with the closest child 1,000 ft away from the parent and pumped with far-field diversion. On the second pad, one parent well was completed and four months later three child wells were zippered with the closest child well 500 ft away from parent and far-field diversion pumped on the two closest child wells.

The stimulation treatment design was carefully designed to include far-field diverters on the stages near parent wells. Job size and far-field diverter quantity were determined using an integrated hydraulic fracture simulation software with an advanced particle transport model. Contingency scenarios were also prepared to facilitate real-time changes required when or if abnormal behavior was observed during the execution. The zipper sequence was also planned to help establish a stress-shadow effect near the parent well to further mitigate detrimental parent-child interactions. To monitor execution in real time and evaluate interactions between wells, high-frequency pressure gauges were installed on all observation wells including parent and child wells.

The completion design and far-field diversion treatment worked as planned for the first pad, with no significant well interference pressure signature observed on the monitoring well. For the second pad, the parent well saw pressure increases up to 700 psi during the treatment of a stage midway along the lateral of the closest child well which was completed with far-field diverter. Contingency plans were successfully executed, and no significant pressure increase was observed on the remainder of the lateral. Early production results indicate that the negative impacts of parent-child interactions were successfully mitigated on both pads, with the production of the parent wells quickly returned to their observed trends prior to child wells stimulation. Child wells production, when normalized both by lateral length and stimulation size, was on par with that of the parent well.
PACT – Cost Effective, Digital, Fail-Safe Production Tree and Wellhead Actuator System
Authors: Johansen Espen Sten , Fredheim Dag Ketil , Huuse Tom , Volkers Richard , Hansen Dag Almar , Petersen Christian
Published: October 2020

PACT (Pressure control ACTuator) is a newly developed, all-electric wellhead- and production tree valve actuator for enhanced well control and fail-safe handling of emergency situations. The actuator was developed under a Joint Industry Project (JIP) by Equinor, Baker Hughes and TECHNI.

PACT is designed for mission critical operations offshore and is subject to stringent safety design requirements. The actuator employs a patent pending fail-safe mechanism with extremely fast closing time to ensure containment during emergency shutdown. Opening time is 30 to 60 seconds (depending on valve size) and adjustable closing time of 4 to 8 seconds (valve closing in less than 1 second has been demonstrated). It is designed to be a drop-in replacement for NoBolt™ CHA actuator solutions and is suitable for most standard wellhead and tree designs, sizes and pressure ratings.

Electric actuators offer significant CAPEX savings over hydraulic actuator systems by eliminating the need for costly hydraulic control systems (HPU), associated hydraulic lines and umbilicals as well as saving deck space and weight. Electric actuators also offer significant OPEX savings over hydraulic actuators by eliminating the need for specially trained personnel offshore during periodic testing and associated post-actuation flushing of hydraulic lines. Environmental impact is reduced by eliminating high-pressure hydraulic oil lines with associated risk of spills and removing the need to transport personnel offshore which reduce total CO2 emissions.

The PACT development program was initiated in 2017 and has resulted in an actuator solution at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 (on 0 to 7 scale) with planned TRL 5 testing yielding it ready for field installation.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Model to Improve Sucker Rod Pump Operating Mode
Authors: Jalikop Shreyas V. , Scheichl Bernhard , Eder Stefan J. , Hönig Stefan
Published: October 2020

Artificial lift pumps are widely used in oil production, and among them, sucker rod pumps are conceptually the simplest ones. The reciprocating movement of the plunger triggers the opening and closing of two ball valves, allowing fluid to be pumped to the surface. These valves are subject to long-time erosion and fail as a consequence of this damage mechanism. We demonstrate that understanding the principal damage mechanisms in the necessary depth and breadth requires a thorough examination of the fluid dynamics during the opening and closing action of the ball valves.

This paper describes the basic ingredients and results of fluid–structure interaction model that simultaneously computes the fluid flow in the traveling valve, the standing valve, and the chamber of sucker rod pumps during a full pump cycle in an efficient and accurate way. The simulations provide necessary insight into the causes of valve damage for realistic standard as well as non-ideal operating conditions of the downhole pump. In particular, simulations based on real pump operating envelopes reveal that the phenomenon of so-called ‘‘mid-cycle valve closure’’ is likely to occur. Such additional closing and opening events of the ball valves multiply situations where the flow conditions are harmful to the individual pump components, leading to efficiency reduction and pump failure.

The computational-fluid-dynamics model based on the finite-element method serves to accurately describe the opening and closing cycles of the two valves. Most importantly, this approach for the first time allows an analysis of real operating envelopes, derived from actual dynamometer cards. The combination of stroke length, plunger speed, fluid parameters, and velocity at any point inside the pump can thus be investigated at any time during the pump cycle. The flow parameters identified as critical in terms of damaging pump valves or other pump components can set the basis for taking measures to avoid unfavorable operating envelopes in future pump designs.

Our comprehensive flow model may support field operations throughout the entire well life, ranging from improved downhole pump design to optimized pump operating modes and envelopes as well as in material selections. It is suggested to aid in adapting pump operating conditions to create an ideal interaction between the valves and avoiding the "mid-cycle valve closure". Specifically, a so-optimized pump design is expected to drastically extend the operation time before failure of sucker rod pumps. Finally, this type of simulation will speed up new pump or pump component development, and can eliminate or at least reduce the necessity of extensive and costly laboratory testing.
Controlling Gas Slugs in ESP Using A New Downhole Gas Regulator: Case Studies
Authors: Guanacas Luis , Vyas Shivani , Gonzalez Gustavo , Portilla Carlos
Published: October 2020

Improving ESP performance has become one of the main challenges in gassy wells. Different methods and new technologies have been developed but most of them have high economic value. A new system has been created to prevent large amounts of gas flowing directly into the pump intake through the breaking of the gas slugs and the resolubilization (dispersion) of the free gas into the production liquid. The system contains an isolation section which allows to break gas slugs and pressurize that section forcing the gas to go in solution to be produced afterwards. The concept of the new technology is to manage the Rs (Gas in solution) with pressure, additionally the technology includes a vortex effect creator which will improve the gas dispersion iton the liquid associated and will separate the sand production. The ESP’s Downhole Regulator was designed based on each well conditions to maximize its efficiency. This paper summarizes the design and application of the new Vortex Regulator in more than 50 gassy wells completed in the Wolfcamp A, Wolfcamp B, Lower Spraberry, and Jo Mill C in the Permian basin. The performance evaluation was carried out by a constant monitoring of the sensor parameters through a certain period. During the evaluation period the ESPs in most of the wells were operating under stable conditions with minor shutdowns, no significant increases in the motor current, motor temperature, and vibration were observed.
Modeling Dynamic Loads Induced By Slug Flows Considering Gas Expansion Due To The Pressure Gradient In A Free Span Horizontal Hanging Pipeline
Authors: Meneses Santos Gabriel , Nascimento Bordalo Sérgio , Kazuyuki Morooka Celso
Published: October 2020

Slug flows generate variable loads that excite pipelines, inducing oscillatory displacements and tensions of significant magnitude, raising concerns about the physical integrity of the pipe’s structure. The present paper presents a simulation model to compute non-uniform slugs, to provide a tool for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of horizontal pipelines in subsea petroleum production systems. This model was tested for a straight, horizontal, free span hanging pipeline supported at both ends. The development of the present methodology was based on a previous model of regular slugs. The present model takes into account the expansion of the gas bubble length along the pipeline, generated by the negative streamwise pressure gradient between the pipeline’s entrance and exit, resulting in a longitudinal sequence of non-uniform slugs. The model’s algorithm used to calculate the mass distribution in the slug flow is implemented in a subroutine of a pre-existent software, commonly known to simulate the mechanical behavior of pipelines under dynamic loads. The dynamic responses of a pipeline excited by non-uniform slugs – vertical displacement, bending moment and bending stress – were analyzed as a function of the gas expansion global rate, and were compared to the dynamic responses induced by a regular slug flow. It is concluded that the non-uniform slug distribution imposes a more complex excitation on the pipe, while the perfect regular slug flow induces an excitation with a single well-determined frequency. The difference between irregular and regular flows depends on the magnitude of the pressure gradient acting along the pipeline’s length.
Interpretation of Hydraulic Fracturing Events by Analyzing the Energy of Rate and Pressure Signals
Authors: Awad Mohamed M. , Eltaleb Ibrahim , Mansi Mohamed , Rezaei Ali , Soliman M. Y. , Farouq-Ali S.M. , Dindoruk Birol
Published: October 2020

Hydraulic fracturing rate and pressure data are interrelated signals and can be subjected to signal processing techniques. The energy of a range of frequency band can be computed from the wavelet transform, which is a powerful technique in signal processing. The signal energies of the rate (cause) and pressure (effect) are used to detect the fracture events in time, such as height growth, screen-out, and hydraulic fracture-natural fracture interactions. The objective of this study is to relate the signal energies obtained from the wavelet analysis to the real physical phenomena of fracturing propagation events during injection. With this technique, the fluid injection during hydraulic fracturing process may be monitored in real-time for early diagnosis and to take preventive steps during the fracturing treatment

Wavelet transform decomposes a signal into various levels of frequency components. The transform can be repeatedly applied to obtain a multiresolution analysis of the signal. Such repeated application of the wavelet transform yields the signal detail coefficients at each decomposition level, where each level represents a band of frequency. Using this approach, the pressure and rate signals from hydraulic fracturing were decomposed. Then, the pressure and rate signals energies at each frequency band were computed and compared to using energy density plots (EDP). Since wavelet transform preserves the time localization, all events on the EDP are obtained with respect to time. Finally, the energy distribution of the frequency bands for pressure and rate signals of different decomposition levels and using different wavelet types were studied with respect to time to distinguish between the rock-related and rate-related events in time. The moving reference point (MRP) technique is used to verify the results of our proposed approach.

Several field cases were analyzed in this study to show the robustness of the proposed approach. The events identified using the proposed approach were in good agreement with the established techniques in the literatures such as Nolte-Smith and moving reference point (MRP). The identified events were related to physical events happening during fracture propagation, such as height growth, the opening of the natural fracture system, screen-out, and proppant entering the formation. The main advantage of the developed methodology is its ability to identify fracturing events more accurately and earlier in time than other techniques.

The novelty of this research is detecting the fracturing events in time independently of the assumptions of fracture and well geometry. Ultimately, this technique helps to improve treatment designs and efficiency by analyzing fracture and formation behavior of the treatment and enhancing decision-making during execution, by providing real-time indications of fracture behavior.
Estimation of Gas Condensate Relative Permeabilities for Field Development in Egypt in Absence of Reliable Core Flood Experiments
Authors: Fogden Andrew , Held Rudolf , Morgenstern Rico , Nazarov Roman , Rafiee Mohsen , Shaqlouf Hamada
Published: October 2020

Gas condensate field development is a challenging task involving many technical disciplines, from sedimentology and petrophysics to reservoir and facility engineering. For evaluation of development options in a Nile Delta onshore field with original reservoir pressure close to dew point, reservoir simulation must account for potential condensate blockage near wellbore. Uncertainties related to blockage can severely risk the estimation of gas and condensate reserves and production, and significantly impact project development or even put the investment decision on hold.

The method of Whitson8 for determining velocity-dependent gas-condensate relative permeabilities is sufficiently robust and reliable to model well deliverability in moderately homogenous reservoirs. However, with increasing heterogeneity, gas condensate flow in contrasting facies or thin laminated zones requires deeper investigation. Thin low permeability layers can act as bounding surfaces with condensate dropout below dew point, which may trap initially connected gas volumes. Estimation of gas condensate well deliverability is further complicated if shortage of reservoir core material and fluids precludes reliable coreflood experiments across the full range of pressure/flow regimes.

This paper demonstrates how digital rocks technology can enhance the understanding and de-risk the prediction of gas condensate flow in contrasting rock types and with only limited core material and cuttings at hand. Remnants of sidewall core plugs from earlier laboratory analyses were scanned using X-ray micro-tomography to obtain 3D images down to pore-scale of regions ranging from open to tight. Flow simulations were performed in the pore space of the processed images to reconcile connected porosity, absolute permeability and capillary pressure-saturation curves with laboratory core analysis results, and to refine the rock types ranging from higher to lower reservoir quality. As input to two-phase gas-condensate flow simulation, representative capillary numbers and viscosity ratios were estimated based on PVT and the planned field development options and existing dynamic reservoir model. The dynamic pore-scale simulations yielded gas-condensate relative permeability curves versus rock type and capillary number which agreed well with published literature. The delivery of consistent relative permeability estimates in a short timeframe from this digital rocks approach served to reduce uncertainties in reservoir modeling to de-risk the development planning of the gas condensate field.
Are We Over-Stimulating Our Laterals? Evaluating Completion Design Practices Based on Field Offset Well Pressure Measurements
Authors: Seth Puneet , Elliott Brendan , Ingle Trevor , Kumar Ashish , Zheng Shuang , Sharma Mukul
Published: October 2020

In recent years, hydraulic fracturing design has evolved significantly. Fluid volumes injected in a lateral have more than doubled to ~ 250,000 bbl/well (Weijers et al., 2019). Increased injection volumes coupled with a sub-optimal completion design can lead to over-stimulation at current well spacing densities. In many instances, dominant clusters that take a majority of the injected fluid during child well treatment intersect offset parent wells. This results in sub-optimal reservoir drainage, highly inefficient fluid and sand placement and negatively impacts the overall well productivity due to well interference. In this work, we analyze offset well pressure measurements in the Permian Basin to evaluate if a frac job is overstimulated. Additionally, we perform numerical modeling studies to evaluate the extent of overstimulation in different stimulation scenarios and provide recommendations to maximize the capital efficiency of a frac job.

We analyze the pressure response in offset parent wells in the Permian Basin during treatment of a nearby well. Fracture arrival times (time taken for the child well fractures to intersect with a nearby parent well) are investigated for multiple stages during child well stimulation. This information from field data is coupled with fracture modeling simulations to evaluate if a frac-job is over-stimulated. Stages that suggest over-stimulation are systematically analyzed and dynamic plots are presented, that compare the capital efficiency at different times during a frac job.

Optimal completion designs that achieve uniform distribution of injected fluid volumes into multiple clusters are key to successful fracturing jobs. Simulations as well as field data show that if a large job volume is pumped with a sub-optimal completion design, fracture arrival at the offset well is early, leading to over-stimulation and wasted capital. In such a scenario, dominant clusters that take most of the injected fluid can intersect nearby offset well early in the treatment, while significantly bypassing undepleted reservoir rock along the lateral (that should ideally be drained) due to low cluster efficiency. This results in a frac job with poor capital efficiency and a well with lower productivity (due to interference with offset well). We show that early fracture arrival times are indicative of fewer clusters propagating fractures with very non-uniform fluid distribution (low cluster efficiency), whereas late arrival times indicate more uniform fluid distribution in the clusters with high cluster efficiency.

We introduce a novel technique that analyzes field offset well pressure data and fracture arrival times at the offset well to diagnose stimulation efficiency and prevent over-stimulation. Our method provides operators with a relatively inexpensive way to improve capital efficiency during a frac-job.
Leveraging Fractured Well Performance With Economics Modeling to Increase Expected Value: A Tool For Strategic Decisions
Authors: Garza Omar , McLeroy Priscilla
Published: October 2020

In recent years, well performance from tight reservoirs in the Delaware Basin has been improving due to enhanced completion practices, better reservoir targeting and improved well designs in the region. One of the key components to the enhanced completion practices has been the implementation of progressively longer laterals. The rate of increase in lateral lengths have slightly slowed in recent years, as operators approach the point of no additional value creation as the well costs supersede the production gained from longer wells. This paper presents a tool created to evaluate the performance and economics of a given well given different reservoir, fluid, well design and completion parameters. The tool is also a probabilistic model that can quantify the impact of input parameters that the user feels uncertain about. As a result, it can provide management teams with an approach to make capital decisions under uncertainty. The proposed methodology presented in this paper is repeatable for different tight rock formations across different basins. An example of the tool's capability is demonstrated in this paper using an asset profile typical of the Delaware Basin's Wolfcamp A.