bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient and bioactive potentials of clove and carrot as natural feed additive/water additive candidates for organic broiler chicken
Authors: Mandey J S , Wolayan F R , Pontoh C J , Kowel Y H S
Published: December 2019

Research was conducted to evaluate functional character of nutrients and bioactive of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as feed additive and carrot (Daucus carotta) as water additive on organic broiler chickens. Research was done by laboratory analysis to phytochemicals, proximate on chemical compounds, β-carotene, and antioxidant potency of clove and carrot. Data were analyzed by descriptive method. Phytochemical screening was positive in flavonoid, tannin, saponin and triterpenoid for clove, and positive in saponin and triterpenoid for carrot. Quantitative analysis found total flavonoid 0.17% (w/w) on carrot, phenol total 80.07% (w/w) on clove and 4.08% (w/w) on carrot. Beta-carotene on clove 1.43% and carrot 0.45%. Proximate analysis on clove were dry matter 82.59%, ash 7.23%, crude protein 7.53%, crude fat 4.48%, crude fiber 14.14%, Ca 2.287%, P 0.087%, gross energy 4652,04 Kcal; and on carrot were dry matter 88.27%, ash 11.84%, crude protein 9.21%, crude fat 4.74%, crude fiber 12.14%, Ca 1.362%, P 0.335%, gross energy 3414,66 Kcal. Carrot was high in protein and aspartic acid, and clove was high in amino acids serine and phenylalanine. It can be concluded that clove and carrot can be used as an alternative feed additive/water additive because of its nutrients and bioactive compounds.
The effect of Andromed® and coconut water + 20% egg yolk as diluent on semen motility of Belgian Blue cattle
Authors: Aji R N , Panjono  , Agus A , Widyobroto B P , Hartatik T , Budisatria I G S , Ismaya  , Fathoni A , Kumala S , Bintara S
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to observed the potential use of coconut water + 20% egg yolk (CW) as an alternative diluent to replace Andromed®, on semen motility of Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. The sample were fresh semen collected from 3 years old BB using artificial vagina. The fresh semen was diluted into Andromed® diluent (P1) and coconut water + 20% egg yolk (P2). The semen motility (%) was observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after dilution and then compared between group using t-test. The result showed that Andromed® found to give better motility compared to CW in all observation time. The average of semen motility (%) in accordance with observation time in group P1 was 77,67±2,51, 74,67±2,51, 72,33±2,51, 70,67±1,54, 69,33±1,54, 66,33±2,88 and 63,33±2,88%, respectively. Meanwhile, in P2 was 71,67±2,89, 65,00±5,00, 60,00±5,00, 58,33±2,89, 46,67±7,64, 41,67±7,64 and 26,67±7,64 % respectively. In conclusion, coconut water + 20% egg yolk could be replace the function of Andromed as diluent for AI using liquid semen with maximum storage time no more than 24 hours.
Growth of probiotics for poultry in glucose yeast pepton media, production of biomass, viability and stability after encapsulation with spray drying
Authors: Harimurti S , Ariyadi B , Wihandoyo  , Akhirini N , Pradipta M S I
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine specific growth rate and biomass cells production of probiotics bacteria isolated from Indonesian native chicken gastroitestinal tract. Three bactrias manely Lactobacillus murinus Ar-3, Streptococcus thermophilus Kp-2 and Pediococcus acidilactici Kd-6 were grown in glucose yeast peptone (GYP) medium. A mixture of probiotic bacteria base on rasio of specific growth rate were employed to the experiment for biomass production study. Fermentation was conducted in 2 litres bioreactor, and encapsulation was carried out by centrifugation. Coating process was done by skim milk/maltodextrin medium and dried with spray drying. The results showed that L. murinus Ar-3 had a generation time of 3.25 ± 0.006 hours, S. thermophilus Kp-2 3.68 ± 0.1 hours and P. acidilactici Kd-6 3.74 ± 0.04 hours, thus ratio of generation time was 1 : 1.18 : 1.16. The growth of mixture of probiotic showed the same pattern. Its cells were harvested at maximum cell yield 9.33±0.12 log 10 cfu/ml was achieved. The fermentation effiency was 51 %, the viability of mixed probiotic culture were 10.12 log 10 cfu/ml before spray and 9.12 log 10 cfu/g after spray drying or 90.11%. The stability of encapsulated probiotics in room temperature during 21 days strorage was 90.89%.
The quality of low fat-fermented goat milk and low fat-fermented cow milk containing probiotic cultures
Authors: Murti T W , Santoso B T , Latif A
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to study the quality of low fat-fermented milk containing probiotics cultures using goat and cow milk. The pH, Brix value, viscosity, and sensorial detection after 9 hours of incubation at 39°C were observed from the fermented milk containing Streptococcus thermophilus (St) and mixed cultures probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus casei, (ABC)). The result showed on the goat milk addition of St and ABC resulted to pH 4.25 ±0.02; 5.03 ±0.02, Brix value 6.05 ±0.10; 9.00 ±0.00, and viscosity 32.70 ±2.25; 4.05 ±0.30 respectively. The addition of St and ABC on cow milk showed pH 3.76 ±0.02; 4.80 ±0.00, Brix value 5.53 ±0.09 and 5.27 ±0.22, and viscosity 7.08 ±0.09; 3.00 ±0.08 respectively. Sensorial acceptance indicated sweetness and Acidity of goat milk containing St and ABC were 1.80 ±0.29 and 2.00 ±0.29; while for cow milk containing St and ABC were 1.6 ±0.52 and 1.1 ±0.32 respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of St to both kinds of milk resulted in better growth than the addition of ABC. According to Acidity, pH, viscosity, and sensorial acceptance of low fat-fermented goat milk had better quality and more preferred by trained panelists than those of low fat-fermented cow milk.
Diagnosis of causes of cankers on apricot trees Prunus armeniaca L. using PCR technique in some of the Al-Qantara, Al-Baydaa orchards in Karbala- Iraq
Authors: Al-Tememe Zeinab A. M. , Al-Sweedi Taha M. M. , Abdullahy Kadum mohammed , Jawid Chasab K. , Hamzah Roaa. M
Published: December 2019

The aim of the experiment was to study the causes of the deterioration of the prunus armeniaca L. apricot trees caused by the fungal infection in some orchards of the Al-Qantara, Al-Baydaa / Hosseinieh district/Karbala province in April 2017 and some methods of control. Results of the field survey showed that Prunus armeniaca L. were decline in percentages ranging from 60-70 degrees, The results of isolation showed the presence of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Alternaria porri on potato dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and identified based on its morphological and molecular characterizations and pathogenicity. This identification is the first record of this fungi affecting in Karbala province of Iraq. The pathogenicity test result showed the ability of fungus to cause decline on the seedlings to Prunus armeniaca L. after two months from inoculation time, the result also showed that N. novaehollandiae was more affected with the pathogenicity which differed significantly from the fungus Al. porri, where the lesion length was 0.66 and 0.56 cm respectively and significant difference from the comparison treatment. These fungi showed toxicity for Prunus armeniaca L. through new branches wilt test, and it was found that the tested fungi caused a significant loss in the amount of chlorophyll a (0.37, 0.44 mg−1 wet weight), These results did not differ from chlorophyll b, which increased by increasing concentration. The results of the Gibberellic acid ( GA3) test with four concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L−1) showed an active role in the inhibition process, with superiority of 400 mg. L−1 concentration which recorded a 100% rate of tested fungi. Biological control with T. harizanum and T. atroviride results showed superiority on inhibition fungal growth mycelium and high parasitism ability. The results of the effect of GA3 and Biological control with T. harizanum and T. atroviride had an effect in reducing the lesion length where the superiority of GA3 in 400 mg. L−1 concentration, with the total length of the lesion 0.67 cm by comparison and significantly different from the two types of resistant fungi, which recorded a canker length of less 0.41 cm for T. atroviride and 0.47 cm for T.harizanum. with comparison between them and control, which was 1.33 cm long.
Evaluation the efficiency of some controlling methods on olive seedlings infected with root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Ismail Waref M.H. , Rasool Asmaa M.Abdel , Al-Tememe Zeinab A. M.
Published: December 2019

The study was aimed to evaluate different controlling methods and agents including the nematicide Rugby, the bio-agents Trichoderma.harzianum and Trichoderma.atroviride, compost of poultry manure, cows and sheep dung. These agents were compared for their effect on nematode populations and plant growth parameters of olive infected plant. The results revealed that Rugby was the most effective treatment that decreased all measured criteria of nematode infection including gall number / 2 g root, Female number / 2 g root, number of egg masses/2g root and number of males and juveniles/100g soil which recorded 0.33/2g root, 0.33/2g root, 0.33/2g root, 0.00/100g soil respectively. The highest values of some plant growth parameters including plant height, root length, number of branches/plant and leaf area/plant were gained from treated with the poultry manure treatment that resulted in 32.66cm2, 34.00cm2, 22.88g, 7,00 branch/plant and 5.37cm2 respectively. Among all treatments compost of poultry manure, cow dung and sheep dung had increased biochemical indicators of plant health such as percentage of nitrogen content (1.93, 1.93, 1.89)% portion content(12.07, 12.07, 11.8)% and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content (0.604, 0.503, 0.488), (0.302, 0.258, 0.244), (0.906, 0.671, 0.732) mg/g fresh weight respectively.
A survey and molecular identification of Aspergillus versicolor causing brown rot on imported spruce (Picea canadensis) wood in Karbala province, Iraq and control it using Copper Boron Chromate
Authors: Al-tememe Zeinab A.M. , Lahuf Adnan A. , Kareem Ali. A. , Kadhim Ali A. , AL-Mosawy Muntather M.
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to survey, molecular diagnosis and assessment effect of Aspergillus versicolor on the imported spruce wood Picea Canadensis Miller. in Karbala province, Iraq, and control it using Chromate Copper boron Chloride (CCB).. Result of survey showed that all imported woods were showing different level of brown rot symptoms in Kerbala province, Iraq. The fungus associated with this symptom was isolated and identified based on its morphological and molecular characterizations as A. versicolor. The deterioration efficiency of the isolated fungus was assessed on wood P. canadensis which showed subsequently a high effectiveness in decomposing wood tested causing a significant reduction in quality. This identification is the first record of this fungus affecting the imported wood P. canadensis Miller. in Kerbala province, Iraq. Furthermore, it was noticed that the growth of A. versicolor was completely inhibited by CCB at concentration (3000 mg/L−1). Moreover, this preservative material provided a complete protection to woods examined for the two periods of incubation (three and six month) with fungal inoculation in addition to occurrence of a significant increase in their thickness and dry weight.
Bioefficiency of some indigenous biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani causing cowpea seed rot and preemergence damping-off
Authors: Abdulmoohsin Rajaa G. , Lahuf Adnan A. , Husain Yasir N. , Hameed Zainab L.
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to identify the main causal agent of cowpea seed rot and preemergence damping-off in Kerbala province and evaluate some indigenous biocontrol factors in comparison with biological and chemical commercial products in control of the pathogen. The results showed that the main cause of this disease was Rhizoctonia solani where all isolates of this fungus showed a notable pathogenicity. Moreover, all biological agents examined were found to be effective against the pathogen. The maximum inhibition percentages (100 and 89%) were achieved by the commercial products (Beltanol and EM1) while the local biocontrol agents Bacillus cerus and B. subtilis reached 82.66% and 82.22% respectively. However, the third indigenous biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum showed inhibition percentage more than 75% and less than 100%. Additionally, all biological control agents demonstrated a high efficiency in protection of cowpea seeds from R. solani infection. This was through decreasing percentage of seeds rot and pre-emergence damping-off in whole treatments compared with control (the pathogen only). The lowest percentage was reached by B. subtilis and Beltanol (0%) followed by B. cerus (5.6%) then T.harzianum (6.7%) and Em1 (21.7%) respectively. However, in control (the pathogen only) was 50%.
Evaluation of the efficacy of different Neocontinoid insecticides against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) on eggplant under greenhouse condition
Authors: Mohammadali Mushtak Talib , Alyousuf Aqeel Adnan , Baqir Hussein Ali , Kadhim Ali A.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some neonicotinoid insecticides including, Actara 25 WDG (foliar and soil treatment), Confidor 200 SL, Calypso 480 SC, Polo, Confidor 5 G against cotton whiteflyBemisia tabacion Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) during the growing season of 2018. The results revealed that the highest population of the adults was concentrated on the upper leaves at the new growth of the plant, while the majority of nymphs were found on the middle leaves of the plant, and the females preferred to lay the eggs on the upper leaves because the highest proportion of eggs was found on the upper leaves. The foliar application of Actara and confidor were significantly effective against the whiteflies after one day of treatment. While the soil treatments of the Actara and Confidor showed the least efficiency at one day after the treatment; all treatments except Polo were significantly superior over control in decreasing the population of the nymphs at the day 14 after the treatment. Polo did not show any efficiency in the reduction of the number of live nymphs. The data on efficacy of the tested neonicotinoid insecticides against theB. tabacion the eggplant under the greenhouse showed different efficiency according to the treatment method. At one day after the application, foliar spraying of Actara and Calypso were the most efficient; and the efficacy of all tested insecticides increased up to the day 14 after application, and foliar treatment of Actara gave the highest efficacy after 14 days.
Evaluate the ability of Syntaxin genes to enhance resistance against Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines
Authors: Aljuaifari Wisam A. , Alshimaysawe Usamah A. A. , Mohammed Akeel E. , Al-Abedy Aqeel N.
Published: December 2019

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme is a common and widespread disease across soybean-growing regions worldwide. Experiments were conducted in temperature-controlled water baths in the greenhouse to test the effects of some genes from syntaxin group (SYP22-3 and SYP22-4) on F.virguliforme and the combination of SDS and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Both genes were tested in different combinations with currently two pathogens to examine their ability to manage studied pathogens. Syntaxin evaluated on soybean seedlings infected with F. virguliforme alone and both F. virguliforme and H. glycines. Results showed that there were significant effects of syntaxin genes to reduce the foliar disease severity on soybean plants. Furthermore, they reduced the number of H. glycines females cysts compared to control. Data analysis did not show any negative effect by syntaxin genes on plant growth.
Genetic variation of some isolates of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from different environments
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed A. , Dewan Majeed M. , AL-Abedy Aqeel N.
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out, in the laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, to isolate and identify six isolates of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from different environments (seeds, air, plant residues, and soil) in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The fungal isolates were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determining the nucleotide sequence products of DNA using ITS1 and ITS4 primer pair. Results of analysis of the nucleotide sequences using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) showed that all the identified isolates of the fungus belong to C. sphaerospermum. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences with those available in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that all the identified C. sphaerospermum sequences were previously registered in NCBI.
Biological control of tomato leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata using Chaetomium globosum and some other saprophytic fungi
Authors: Fayyadh Mohammed A. , Yousif Elaf Q.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department/College of Agriculture/University of Basra between 2016 and 2017.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Chaetomium globosum and some other saprophytic fungi to control of tomato leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata. The result of this study showed that C.globosum, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium spp had a high antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungus A.alternata in dual culture plates. The results of the plastic house experiment showed that disease severity was decreased in tomato plants treated with bio-agent as disease severity run to 21.66% compared to 45% in control treatment (plants treated with A.alternata). Disease severity in other treatments ranged between 23.2-27 %. Infection rate(r)ranged between 0.07-0.09 in bioagent treatment compared to 0.1 in control treatment. It is also showed that C.globosum had a positive effect on plant yield as it reached 332.3g/plant compared to 154.4 g/plant in control treatment.
Questionnaire study of main problems and difficulties that faces the buffalo breeding in the middle of Iraq
Authors: Al-Khazraji W J , AL-Khuzai H M H , AL-Fatlawi Raed W M
Published: December 2019

The current study was conducted in the middle of Iraq during the period of 21/8/2017 to 30/4/2018 to determine the most important problems that faced buffalo breeding. Ninety questionnaires forms including 21 important questions were distributed to the best 90 breeders selected from buffalo breeders in two locations, 1st location is Um-khashim region which located in AL-Najaf province while the 2nd location was AL-Mehanawia region which located in AL-Qadissya province. The total number of buffalo in herds that studded was 2160 head with average number is 24 head / breeder. Chi-square test was used to determine the significant differences depending on the breeders answers. The results showed that a significant difference (P<0.01) and (P<0.05) in breeders answers for all questions in this study except the answer about the herd size which came convergent with no significant difference. Most of answers of breeders in this questionnaire study came harmonious with previous studies and showed that the general performance is decline in Iraqi buffalo compared with the standard performance and the answers provides us a clear indicator to a real and complex problems which prevent the improving of Iraqi buffalo.
Administration of ketamine with the central and peripheral analgesics for induction of balanced anesthesia in the chicks
Authors: Mousa Y J , Mahmood M B , Mohammad M S
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to induce balanced anesthesia characterized by good hypnosis, analgesia and reducing the side effects of the drugs at the same time, so that, the effect of ketamine administration with both morphine and aspirin was studied in 90 chicks at 10-21 day-old and compare it with the positive control group that injected with ketamine alone. Ketamine injection at 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg, i.m. induce loss of righting reflex (anesthesia or hypnosis) in a dose dependent manner. The onset of anesthesia is decreased and its duration and recovery from anesthesia increased significantly in the groups that administered ketamine and morphine or ketamine and aspirin or ketamine, morphine and aspirin combination when compared to ketamine alone (positive control group). The less onset of anesthesia with enhanced duration and recovery from it were significantly when ketamine injected at 15 mg/kg, i.m. mixed with morphine and aspirin at 5 and 100 mg/kg, i.m., respectively in the chicks. This combination also caused a significantly increased in the analgesic effect through its significant elevation of the voltage after injection when compared with its value before injection as well as the significant increase in the delta voltage. The result of this study recommended the induction of balanced anesthesia, which characterized by good hypnosis and analgesic efficacy through administering ketamine with central (morphine) and peripheral (aspirin) analgesics.
Effect of dietary Zingiber officinalis root powder and vitamin E–selenium on milk yield and its chemical composition in lactating Iraqi female goats
Authors: Al-Musodi M F , Jaafar H M
Published: December 2019

The present study was carried out in aprivate sector farm in kerbala district(100 Km south of Baghdad ) to investigate the effect of Zingiber officinalis root powder supplements and vitamin E –selenium on milk yield and chemical composition in Iraqi lactating goats, twenty four pregnant Iraqi goats at the 2nd month of gestation, were divided into three groups of 8 animals each, The 1st group (control group C) was fed on concentration diet and ad libitum of green grass, The 2nd group (T1) was fed on similar diet and supplemented with 60 g of Zingiber officinalis root powder / kg of concentration diet, while the 3rd group (T2) was fed on similar diet and supplemented with of vitamin E and selenium( 20 IU and 2 mg per Kg. concentration diet respectively ), for 5 month experimental period, The results did revealed significant increasing in milk yield forr (T1and T2) groups as compare with C group, The solid not fat % milk protein %, lactose % percentage were significantly increased in T1 group in comparion with control group, The fat % percentage was significantly increased in T2 group as comparated with The C group.
Effect of of supplementation of different levels of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes) powder on villi of Jejunum of Broilers Chicks
Authors: Alshukri A Y , Al-Saegh A A , Areaaer A H , Al-kassar A A.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of addition the different levels of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes) instead of barely in diet on Jejunum of villi of broilers, The experiment was carried out in the Animal Prodcction Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, associated with the department of medical laborites Sciences / laboratory of Histology and Anatomy. A total of 300 broiler Ross type, one day age, were divided into 5 groups, each group contain 60 birds. They were subjected to five treatments as following:-group (T1): control in which they were given normal diet without any additions, Group (T2): were given 25 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily, Group (T3): were given 50 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily, Group (T4): were given 75 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily and Group (T5): which were given 100 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily. The treatment started at the beginning of one day old of age till 5 weeks. At the end of treatment a portion of Jejunum was taken for histological examination of villi. The histological examination revealed that Group (T1) control showed normal structure for the villi in the 4 main layer, while, Group (T2) had long villi, mucosa had damage in some metaplasia, epical villi was damaged and serosa with smooth muscle was regular and edematous. Group (T3) revealed long, thick hypertrophy villi, mucosa and sub mucosa was edematous and damaged, while, serosa had irregular fiber smooth muscle, intestinal glands was irregular in shape and epical villi was damaged. However, Group (T4) deducted long thin lamina properia with complete damage of mucosa, Filamentous sub mucosa without muscle fiber and intestinal glands were irregular in shape, while, Group (T5) showed sever damage of mucosa and sub mucosa, filamentous lamina properia, intestinal glands showed sever hypertrophy and irregularity in shape with some glands were damaged with cytoplasm lost its appearance and nucleus lost its shape while, serosa showed irregular muscle fiber and edematous. It was concluded that the addition of Hayicinth (Einhhornia crassipes) had adverse effect on the structure of villi of Jejunum of broiler chicks which was a dose dependent.
Effect of electric stimulation on histological traits and color of carcasses in old duck and chicken
Authors: Al-Hmedawy N K , Al-Asadi M H , Al-Hilphy A R
Published: December 2019

The effect of electric stimulation on some quantitative character of old duck and chicken carcasses were the main aim of the present study. The device for measuring meat tenderness was designed at department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, and University of Basrah. A total of 36 old duck and same number of spent layer chickens aged78.21 week’s birds were slaughtered with knife manually. They de-feathered, and all internal organs were removed. Carcasses were divided into three groups, the control group (no electric stimulation), the second treatment group (electric conductivity 3.67 V/cm) with low voltage [110 volt]) and 1% saline solution, the third treatment group (7.33 V/cm) with 220 V voltage and 1% saline solution. Traits were measured at 25 min, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after electric stimulation. The carcasses were stored for 30 and 60 days. The following histological parameters were determined; sarcomere length, muscle fiber length, muscle fibres breaking index and color. The results indicated that length of sarcomere and muscle fibre breaking index were significantly(P≤0.05) affected by electric stimulation, because there was an increase in sarcomere length and muscle fiber breaking index of third treatment in chicken with an increasing interval of time. There was a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in muscle fiber diameter in electric stimulation treatment three (duck and chicken) with the time progress. Duck differed significantly when compared to chicken. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of electric stimulation on color lightness (L). Duck appeared to be darker in color than chicken. Treatment group three revealed blue coloration at 25min, 60 days in both duck and chicken. Whereas other treatment groups showed yellowness (b) color. Similarly, stimulation affected color redness (a) where all groups showed greenish except 30 and 60 day intervals, their color was reddish and value of (a) of duck was less than of chicken. Electric stimulation (especially 220 V voltage) improve meat tenderness of both chicken and duck.
Effect of adding some medical plants on some productive performance traits of Japanese Quail.
Authors: Mossa Riyed K. , Al-Asadi Majid H. , Saleh Mohammed H.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in the field quail of the Agriculture College/University of Basrah for the period from 24/11/2018 to 04/01/2019 to study the effect of adding different levels of dietary Marjoram (Origanumvulgarae) and (Rosmarinus officinalisL) on some productive of Japanese Quail in the study (450) chick. Unsexed one day old chicks were used at an initial weight 8.5 g. The chicks were randomly distributed into Ten treatments each treatment contained 45 chicks with three replicates each one has 15 chicks, the treatments as the following T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10 (Control, Adding 5 g powder of marjoram leaves from one day to 21 days, Add 5 g of marjoram powder from the age of 22 to 42 days, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves powder from 1 day to 21 days, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves from 22 to 42 days, Adding 2.5 g powdered leaves of marjoram and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from 1 day to 21 days, Adding 2.5 g powdered leaves of marjoram and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from 22 to 42 days, Adding 5 g of powder of marjoram leaves from one day to the end of the experiment, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves powder from one day to the end of the experiment, Adding 2.5 g powder of marjoram leaves and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from one day to the end of the experiment. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the final body weight and cumulative weight gained, and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in the cumulative feed conversion ratio compared with control treatment, while no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found in the amount of feed intake.
Effect of feeding starter diets treated with formaldehyde, sex and age on some reproductive and blood parameters of the local calves until weaning
Authors: Al-Dain Q Z Shams , Nasser A K , Abou N Y , Mahmood Aywad B
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted on twelve(6 male and 6 female) local calves aged 3.5-4 months and weights 50.10 ± 2.70 kg., calves were divided into 2 main groups (6 calves/group), each main group was divided into 2 subgroup according to their sex (3 males or 3 females calves/group), and fed ad libitum on iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations,1st main group was fed on the first ration consist mainly of barley, soybean meal, yellow maize and wheat bran (control), while 2nd main group was fed on the second ration the same control ration, but barley and soybean meal were treated with acidic formaldehyde, in addition to feeding milk until weaning age at 8 months. Results indicated that there were no significant effect of formaldehyde treatment and calves sexes on productive performance (feed consumptions, daily and total weight gain, final body weight, and all body measurements), hematological (red & white blood counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and platelets counts), biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and blood urea) and concentration of some mineral elements (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and manganese) in the blood serum. While the results indicated that of red and white blood count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total protein, globulin and urea were increased (P≤0.05) significantly, while the blood glucose, glycerol and triglyceride were decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by increasing the calves age.
Comparison between effect of adding propolis and antibiotic in in broiler chickens on productive performance and carcass traits
Authors: Alani A A T , Alheeti A S A , Alani E N S
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to Compare effect between addition of propolis and antibiotic in performance and carcass traits of broiler from 07/02/2018 until 20/03/2018. 135 one day old unsexed chicks (Ross, 308) were reared for 42 day, they distributed to three treatments, three replicates per treatment (15 birds in replicate). First treatment was control, the second treatment was adding 0.5 g antibiotic (Oxytetracyclin 20%)/1 kg feed, and the third treatment was adding 1 g propolis / 1 kg feed. The results were showed no significant differences in all broiler performance characteristics. While, the propolis treatment was high significantly (P≤0.05) in the relative weight of bursa and gallbladder. Whereas, the relative weight of neck and wings was increased significantly (P≤0.05) in the antibiotic treatment. On the other hand, other carcass traits and relative weights for internal organs were not differed among treatments.
Detection of Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) polymorphism and its relation to plumage colors in local turkey
Authors: Abdullah M M , Yousif A N , Amen Q A , Shaker A S
Published: December 2019

Identification of genetic markers in relation to phenotypic differences is important for local turkey breed identification, Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor, which has a fundamental role in the regulation of black (eumelanin) and red (pheomelanin) pigment synthesis. In an attempt to detect and analyze the MC1R gene, also to find the relatedness among three most common colors of turkey (White, Red, and Black) in Sulaimani city of Iraq. A total of 75 turkeys (25 White, 25 Red and 25 Black birds) (6 ± 1 month old) blood samples (3 ml/bird) were collected into 5 ml vacutainer tubes containing the EDTA for DNA extractions, the quantity and quality of DNA were determined by Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The forward (5′-GCTTTGTAGGTGCTGCAGTTGTG-3′) and reverse primer (5′-CCATCCATCCTC CTGTCTGT-3′) were used to PCR amplify a 1050 bp fragment of the MC1R gene. The results showed that we have successfully detected and amplified the MC1R gene in Sulaimani local Turkeys. The black color Turkeys showed two bands of PCR amplification, that is mean for showing the black color phenotype the birds need the two MC1R gene express themselves on the two locus on the chromosome, while each of red and white phenotype needs only one MC1R gene to show these two phenotypes. In accordance with the dendrogram of the current study, the result revealed that genetic variation and relatedness among turkey of the three feather color of local turkey of distance 15%. The cluster divided the local turkey in to three main groups; the first group includes all birds of red color, the second group was mainly of black birds. On the other hand, the third group was mixture between the three colors. In conclusion, based on the results obtained in this study, there are significant associations between plumage colors and genetic variants of the MC1R gene in local turkey. However, further studies are essential to confirm this conclusion.
Influence of spraying different solutions at different incubation periods on hatchability parameters of local Iraqi’s eggs.
Authors: Gatea S M , Altaie S M S , Khafaji S S , ALjanabi T K , Shatti D H , Hussain M A
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out on 26/5/2019 until 17/6/2019 At local hatchery (College of Agriculture / University of Karbala), to investigate of Different spraying protocols on the eggs of local chicken with the eggs of local chicken with different solutions at variant periods on embryonic mortality during incubation period and on the hatchability of setting eggs. 600 eggs (55 g weight ) used in this study from local chicken divided into three groups each group sub divided into 5 groups spraying by distilled water, olive oil, ethanol alcohol 70%, egg albumen and not treated groups that represented as GW, GO,GE,GC. first group G1 (n = 120) was sprayed at the first day of incubation period, the second group G2 was spraying at beginning of the 2nd week of incubation at aged 7 days, the third group G3 in which the eggs was sprayed at the beginning of 3rd week of incubation at aged 14 days. The results recorded significant reduction of early embryonic mortality in G1 and GC The statistical analysis of the in all groups spraying by ethanol alcohol GE, water group GW and control groups GC. At 14 days of the incubation period, there were no significant differences. At 15-21 days of incubation period, late Embryonic mortality was not recorded in groups treated olive oil, water and albumen when compared with groups treated with alcohol or control. Conclusion, that spraying Iraqi local eggs with water and olive oil at 14 days of incubation period caused high percentages of hatchability of setting and fertilized eggs recorded 100% compared with different materials that used in current research.
Isolation of Citrobacter species from common carp, Cyprinus carpio cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river, Babylon province
Authors: Al-Haider S M , Al-Niaeem K S , Resen A K
Published: December 2019

About 144 moribund of the common carp were examined were brought to the laboratory for examination after an epizootic of citrobacteriosis on cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river, during the period December 2017- November 2018. The bacterium was identified by Vitek II system. The fish displayed dark color and hyperemia of the mouth. The possible etiologic agent was identified by Vitek II system as Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter species were identified with a different percentage in common carp, which are C. freundi, C. amalonaticus and C. braakii. Antibiotic susceptibility test of 12 antibiotics, which are piperacillin/tazobactan, amikacin, cefazolin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefepime, tigecycline, imipenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleby) showed variable resistances for Aeromonas species. Aeromonas species were identified and examined for antibiotic susceptibility using the Vitek II system. The results indicate that the bacteria sensitive to Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of levofloxacin (< = 0.12 μg/ml), imipenem and ciprofloxacin (< = 0. 25 μg/ml), but resistant to cefazolin (> = 64 μg/ml) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (40 μg/ml).
Effect of six herbicides to control the wild barley and other weeds accompanied with wheat
Authors: Al-Ziady S H , Shati R K
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the farmers in the province of Wasit Al-Ahrar area during the agricultural season 2015-2016 to control the wild barley and other weeds accompanied with the wheat. The experiment included six herbicides (Sulfon using 50 g.h−1, Granysam with 15 g.h−1, Granysam at the rate of use of 25 g.h−1, Bonanza rate of use of 100 g.h−1, Bonanza rate of use of 125 g.h−1 and 2,4 - D use rate of 1320 ml. h−1) and the treatment of weedy. Sulfon, Bonanza 100 g.h−1and Bonanza 125 g.h−1 herbicides affected significantly in reduced of weeds number of narrow leaves and its decreasing dry weight. While Sulfon, Granysam at a rate of 15 g.h−1, Granysam at a rate of 25 g.h−1 and 2.4-D in reducing weeds number of broad leaves and Its decreasing dry weight. The effect of herbicides in reducing the number of weeds and inhibiting their growth was reflected in a significant increase in the characteristics of the biological yield and the harvest index. The herbicides treatmeants were gave average of grain yield values 6.10, 5.28, 5.60, 5.55, 5.63, and 5.17 ton.h−1. average of biological yield values 14.17, 13.37, 13.23, 13.27, 13.8 and 12.93 ton.h−1. harvest index 43%, 40%, 42%, 42%, 41% and 40% respectively. It is concluded that the increase in grain yield with Sulfon was higher than the increase in other herbicides, due to the effect of this herbicides on a certain percentage on the broad weeds as well as its effect on the narrow weeds. This shows that the two-effect herbicides have a more positive result in increasing the yield. The efficacy of Bonanza herbicide affects reducing of wheat hight by a small percentage. The efficacy of Bonanza herbicide and Sulfon herbicide in control wild barley the numbers of weeds and its dry weight as well as their effect on the leaves narrow weeds. Granysam and 2.4-D had an effective effect in reducing the number and dry weight of the broad-leaf weeds.
Performance of three soybeans genotypes under different intra and inter row planting arrangements
Authors: Mohammed M I , Ahmed K K , Mohammed S H
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of three genotypes of soybean Iman, Taqa and Lee74 planted on lines with three different spacing 40, 50 and 60 cm and two plant spacings on each row 5 and 10 cm. The experiment was carried out according to the randomize complete block design as a factorial experiment with three replicates to study the number of nodes on the main stem, length of internodes, weight of pods.plant−1, pod weight, number of seeds.plant−1, seed weight.pod−1, weight 1000 seed, seed net weight, seed yield g.plant−1, oil yield, and protein yield. The results showed significant differences between the studied factors of the distances between and within lines, genotypes double interaction and triple interactions in all the studied traits except length of inter nodes (cm) of the genotypes as well as of the double interaction intra row spacing * genotypes. The genotype Iman was superior to the seed yield 41.93 g.plant−1 and distance 60 cm in seed yield 50.62 g.plant−1and the distance 10 cm between the plants in the seed yield 43.48 g.plant−1.
Morphological and molecular assessment of several cultivars of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. under different types of irrigation water
Authors: Al-Burki F R A , Abdel C G , Majeed D M , Aoiez A Q , Afrah Mohammed A. , Hameed H
Published: December 2019

The experiment was carried out at the second research station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University during the winter season 2018-2019, to investigate the performance of four wheat cultivars namely Rasheed, IBA99, Bhooth and Abu Graib subjected K+ supplants to antagonize Na+ effect on growth, yield and genome of four wheat cultivars. Subsequently, varying irrigation water qualities were applied, namely Euphrates river water of 2.4 ds.m-1 electrical conductivity (EC), river water + 400 ppm of K+, saline water of 5 ds.m-1EC, and saline water+ 400 ppm of K+. The results revealed the superiority of K+ addition to river and salty water through irrigation substantially antagonized Na+ adversity. Where K+ improved the performance of river water and salty water in plant height (70.71and 72.25 cm, respectively) and leaf area (28.29, and 24.41cm2, respectively) as they compared to river water without K+ (63.83 cm and 21.87 cm2, respectively). IBA99 wheat cultivars showed superiority over others, since it gave the highest plant height (70.375 cm), 1000 seed weights (32.583 g) and grain number per spike (55.475), then comes in the second order Rasheed, as it gave the higher values in plant height (74.41 cm), 1000 seed weight (33.33 g), and spike length (14.816 cm), as compared to Bhooth and Abu Graib cultivars. Then Abu Graib comes in the third order, followed by the worst Bhooth cultivar. Rasheed X + river water + k+was the most potent dual combination, since it showed the highest plant height (78.66 cm), leaf area (35.05 cm2. - 1), and weight of 1000 grain reached (37.33 g). IBA99 + salt water + k+ combination manifested superiority in the grains number of spike which gave 61.36 g. Molecular analysis results in agreement with the those of the morphological analysis by the appearance of TaHKT2;2 gene bands very clear in the Rasheed cultivar, the DNA size of the gene reached 500 nucleotides. Indicating the clear genetic expression of the gene in the varieties (except Abu Graib), especially for the Rasheed cultivar with a combination (Rasheed with salt water + K+), and the positive role played by potassium ion in reducing the harmful effect of sodium ions, Rasheed in the breeding programs of wheat crop to the salt stress tolerance through the hybridization because of its superiority over the rest of the local varieties.
Physiological effect of iron on the growth and yield of two cultivars of broad bean
Authors: Attiya R L , Alrubaye S M , Hasan M A , ALrubaiee S H
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Husseinia, Holy Karbala govern during the winter season 2018 to investigate the effect of spraying the vegetative part with iron on growth and yield of two cultivars of broad bean (Vicia Faba L.). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates was used. The factorial experiment included two factors, the two cultivars (local and Spanish, Luzdeotono) and spraying three concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg.l−1) of iron on the vegetative parts in addition to the control treatment (spraying distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of the local cultivar giving the highest averages of the plant height (79.45 cm), 100-seeds weight (127.7 g), and seed yield (2583 kg.ha−1) and the superiority of the concentration 20 mg.l−1 giving the highest averages of the plant height (88.55 cm), number of pods (14.16 pods.plant−1), 100-seeds weight (135.5 g), and seed yield (2705 kg.ha−1); however, the effect of the interaction between the two factors was not significant.
The effect of tillage and pulverization equipment on beans growth and some technical indication for machinery unit
Authors: Amer K Z , Swain K H
Published: December 2019

This experiment was conducted in an agricultural field in Hindiah district in the Secret province of Karbala, in a silt loam soil during the year 2019, to study the effect of tow types of plows the sweep and chisel plow (factor1) and tow types of pulverization equipment Rotavator and spring pulverization (factor1) on Beans growth and some technical indicators for machinery unit. The effect of these tow factors and the interactions between them on Slippage percentage, practical productivity, Fuel consumption, power requirement, percentage of knot and plant production were studied. Massy Fergusson tractor of (MF650) was adopted in the experiment, and Two parameters were used, the first one is: adopting two type of plows (the sweep and chisel plow) which represented the main plots (the Rotavator and spring pulverization), which represented the secondary plots. the experiment was conducted by the split plots according to the Complete Randomized Block Design, in three replicates. The results showed (according to the experiment conditions): that the sweep plow had have the advantage in recording the least percentage of slippage of (11.64%), least fuel consumption of (13.44%), the highest average of power requirements per area unit of (kwat. hr.h−1), highest percentage of knots ratio of (13.44%) and the highest plant production of (6054kg.hr−1). whereas the Chisel plow have had the advantage in recording the highest practical productivity of (1.29 hr.h−1). the rotavater have had the advantage in recording the highest practical productivity of (1.35 hr.h−1), highest knot ratio of (13.41%) and the highest plant production of (5932.5 kg.hr−1).whereas the spring harrow recorded the least slippage percentage of (9.94%), least fuel consumption of ( 17.13 Li.hr−1) and the least requirements of power ratio per area unit of ( 66.57 kwat.h.hr−1). as for the dual interactions, it did impacted significantly in all the studied traits.
Usage of some Halo bacteria species to alleviate sodium chloride toxicity in Vigna radiate L. cuttings in terms rooting response
Authors: Hussein K A , Kadhum N H , Sharqi M R
Published: December 2019

Four1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme-producing halotolerant bacterial isolates were used to remove toxic concentration of NaCl salt (75 mM) for mung bean as an experimental system in terms of the rooting response by regulating ethylene levels in mung bean. Mung bean was supplied by combination (inoculated DF media with all isolates + Hoagland solution) before and after exposure to toxicity and at the same time with toxicity. The post-treatment was the best throughout decrease the cell membranes damage, MDA levels, stress intensity in mung bean and increased tolerance idex of the mung bean and the mung bean leaves of auxin content.