bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Din, Müzik ve Kimlik Bağlamında Türkiye'de İslami Popüler Müzik / Islamic Popular Music in Turkey within the Context of Religion, Music and Identity
Authors: Yenen İbrahim
Published: November 2016

Islamic Popular Music in Turkey within the Context of Religion, Music and Identity

Abstract

This article, by examining the culture of Islamic Popular Music in Turkey, examines the role of this culture in forming and expressing of Islamic identity. The aim of this article is to point out how Islamic identity is expressed and transferred by means of popular music and what kind of changes this identity formed by means of Islamic music has experienced from 1990s to 2000s. This study has made analysis in the light of the following hypothesis “Islamic Popular Music is one of the important cultural components in comprehending the Islamic understanding of the period.” The samples of the style of Islamic Popular Music between 1990-­2000 were named as “Islamic Protest Music”. The most significant characteristic of Islamic Protest Music in 1990s is that the message contents rely on the distinction of “we and others”. In 2000s, Islamic Popular Music has turned into Islamic popular music which is away from giving a message through its melody, rhytm and instruments but carries commercial worries in accordance with the concerns of music industry.

 

Din, Müzik ve Kimlik Bağlamında Türkiye'de İslami Popüler Müzik

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye’de İslami Popüler Müzik kültürünü inceleyerek bu kültürün İslami kimliğin oluşması ve ifade edilmesi üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu incelemektedir. Makalenin amacı, İslami kimliğin popüler müzik aracılığıyla nasıl ifade edildiği, aktarıldığı,ve ayrıca İslami müzik aracılığıyla oluşturulan bu kimliğin 90’lı yıllardan 2000’li yıllara nasıl bir değişim geçirdiğini göstermektir. Çalışmada “Dönemin İslami anlayışının kavranabilmesinde İslami popüler müzikler önemli kültürel öğelerden birisidir” varsayımından hareketle çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. İslami popüler müzik tarzının 1990-2000 yılları arasındaki örnekleri, “İslami protest müzik” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. 90’lı yıllar İslami protest müziğin en belirgin özelliği, mesaj içeriklerinin “biz ve onlar” ayrımına dayalı olmasıdır. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte İslami popüler müzik, ezgi, ritim ve enstrümanlarıyla mesaj iletme amacından uzak, müzik piyasasının gereklerine uygun bir şekilde ticari kaygı öncelikli, İslami bir pop müzik türü haline gelmiştir.
Müslüman Tüketicilerin İsraf Kavramına Bakışı: Türkiye, Katar ve Endonezya Ölçeğinde Kültürlerarası Bir Mukayese / The Perspective of Muslim Consumers on Extravagance: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study in Turkey, Qatar and Indonesia
Authors: Terzi Hasan , Altunışık Remzi
Published: November 2016

The Perspective of Muslim Consumers on Extravagance: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study in Turkey, Qatar and Indonesia

Abstract

Islam encourages people to earn halal -or lawful- and sets certain rules on spending. In Quran spending in the way of Allah is praised (57:7) and besides this, eating, drinking and spending extravagantly is forbidden (6:141; 4:6; 7:31; 17:29). In Quran the term “extravagance” refers to various meanings (10:12; 3:146-147; 10:83; 5:32; 7:80-81; 7:31; 17:29). In daily life it means excessive or unnecessary expenditure or outlay of resources. In this regard the viewpoint of Muslim individuals on such phenomena which is forbidden in Quran becomes more crucial. A survey is conducted in Turkey, Qatar and Indonesia to compare the viewpoint of individuals which are adherents of the same religion but from different cultures.

Müslüman Tüketicilerin İsraf Kavramına Bakışı: Türkiye, Katar ve Endonezya Ölçeğinde Kültürlerarası Bir Mukayese

Öz

İslam dini insanın helal yollardan kazanç elde etmesini teşvik etmiş, harcama noktasında belli kurallar getirmiştir. Kuran’da Allah yolunda harcama övülmüş (57:7), harcamada aşırıya gitmek (6:141; 4:6), ihtiyaçtan fazla yiyip içmek (7:31), israf etmek (17:29) yasaklanmıştır. Kuran’da birçok yerde geçen “israf” terimi çeşitli manalarda kullanılmış olsa da (bkz: 10:12; 3:146-147; 10:83; 5:32; 7:80-81; 7:31; 17:29) günlük hayatta gereksiz yere para, zaman, emek vb.ni harcama, savurganlık olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu bakımdan Kuran’da yasaklanmış bir davranış biçimi olan israf olgusuna Müslüman bireylerin bakış açısı önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu bakış açısını ölçmek amacıyla Türkiye, Katar ve Endonezya’da anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda israf kavramının bireysel ve toplumsal olmak üzere iki boyutu tespit edilmiş, bu boyutlar çerçevesinde kültürler arasında çeşitli yönlerden benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur.
Mardin Süryanilerinde Belleğin Teolojik-Kültürel Çerçevesi / Theological - Cultural Framework of Memory in Mardin Syriacs
Authors: Pekasil Tahir
Published: November 2016

Theological - Cultural Framework of Memory in Mardin Syriacs

Abstract

In this article, “theological/ritual-cultural framework of memory”, "memory participation tools" "recall figures" will be examined in the case of Mardin Syriac Orthodox Church. "Ritual participation" and "rhythmic repetition" which enables "theological-social inclusion" and "integration", also mobilizes remembering instruments and guarantees protection, revival and transfer of cultural memory. This also ensures continuation of sense of belonging. Priests who are accepted as "vicarious memory" enable participation to memory in church which is a "memory space" mediating to the "transmission of blessing and grace by ritual representation". Priests also by institutionalizing ceremonies and rituals which integrated with music, makes cultural meanings functional. The theme is discussed from the perspective of cultural memory and supported by face to face interviews.

Mardin Süryanilerinde Belleğin Teolojik-Kültürel Çerçevesi

Öz

Bu yazıda, Mardin Süryani Ortodoks Kilisesi örneğinden hareketle “belleğin teolojik/ritüel- kültürel çerçevesi”, “belleğe katılım araçları”, “hatırlama figürleri” ele alınacaktır. “Teolojik ve toplumsal katılımı”, “bütünleşmeyi” sağlayan “ritüel katılım” ve “ritmik tekrar”, hatırlama araçlarını harekete geçirerek kültürel belleğin korunmasını, canlandırılmasını ve aktarılmasını garanti etmekte, aidiyetin devamını sağlamaktadır. Belleğe katılımı sağlayan “vekil hafıza” olarak kabul edilen papazlar, bir “hafıza mekânı” olan kilisede, “inayetin ritüel temsille aktarımına” aracılık yapmakta; “ritüel tasarım” yoluyla müzikle bütünleştirdikleri ayin ve ritüelleri kurumsallaştırarak kültürel anlamlara işlerlik kazandırmaktadırlar. Çalışma konusu, kültürel bellek perspektifinden ele alınmış ve mülakat örnekleri ile desteklenmiştir.
İmar Meclisi Raporlarında Borçlanma ve Selem Uygulaması (1845-1846) / Borrowing and Selem Practices in Ottoman Era According to "Macalis Imariyya (Development Counsils)" Reports
Authors: Bilirli Tahir
Published: November 2016

İmar Meclisi Raporlarında Borçlanma ve Selem Uygulaması (1845-1846)

Öz

Bu makale, Osmanlı Devleti'nde 1845 yılında ilan edilen Tensikât-ı mülkiye kararı çerçevesinde geçici olarak olarak kurulan İmar Meclisleri'nin görevlerini incelemektedir. Makalede, bu meclislerin özellikle halkın borç para alma durumları ile selem usulü denilen mahsulün hasattan önce satılması konusundaki faaliyetleri incelenmektedir. Hasat zamanından önce alınan vergi, ahaliyi borçlanmaya yöneltmekte, bu da halkın fahiş faiz oranlarıyla tefecilerden borç almalarına ve ürünün hasat edilmeden önce daha düşük fiyatlara satılmasına sebep olmaktaydı. Bu durum gelir kaybı nedeniyle hem tebaya hem de devlete zarar vermekteydi. İmar Meclisi memurları yaşanan bu sıkıntının giderilmesi noktasında yerinde durum tespiti yapmışlardır.

Makalenin birinci bölümünde İmar Meclisleri'nin kuruluşu ve görevleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. İkinci bölümde makalenin ana konusu olan borçlanma ve selem usulünün uygulanmasının meclis raporlarına nasıl yansıdığı arşiv belgelerine göre ele alınmıştır. Makalenin sonuç bölümünde arşiv belgelerinde elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Borrowing and Selem Practices in Ottoman Era According to "Macalis Imariyya (Development Counsils)" Reports

Abstract

This article examines the mission of Macalis Imariyya (Develepment Counsils) which were founded by the decree of Tankisat al-Mulkiyye declared in 1845. In the article, the activity of these Counsils about the indebtedness status of the people and the selling of products before the harvest -called “selem”- particularly examined. The tax collection before harvest period was impelling the people borrowing from usurers with excessive interest rates and to sell the product at nearly half price. This case was damaging both the state and the citizens because of income loss. Development Council officials carried out due diligence for the elimination of these problems.

In the first part of the article, the establishment and duties of Development Councils were held. In the second part, loan and selem applications according to the archive documents were handled. The conclusion part deals with the consequences of loan and borrowing applications according to archive documents.
An organizational perspective of values
Authors: Geremias Leal Fernanda , Barreto Moraes Mário César
Published: November 2016

The studies on organizational values have acquired centrality in the Business Administration field within a functionalist perspective, based on the evidence that organizations with strong cultures achieve better global results. The belief in the potentiality of this resource, especially in regard to behavior alignment aimed for goal achievement, has prompted the quest for a theoretical structure of the concept and development of different ways of assessment. More contemporary perspectives, however, have come across significant constraints within the existing framework, especially the ones that disregard the dynamics of this concept. Such views provoke debates about the practical capacity of the instruments used for assessing the basis of values that govern organizations. The present study seeks to present a contemporary theoretical review on organizational values. Methodologically, it is a qualitative study that brings back to light the theory of value and its applicability to the organizational sphere, based on a survey of a literature review of empirical articles published on the subject between the period of 2000 and 2016.
A study of management of steel parts leftover generated by the maintenance of heavy vehicles
Authors: Buono Pedro Henrique de Oliveira , Dias Karina Tonelli Silveira , Braga Junior Sergio Silva , Satolo Eduardo Guilherme
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the waste management in a maintenance workshop for heavy vehicles. To achieve this, purpose a study in the state of São Paulo - Brazil was conducted in a maintenance workshop for heavy vehicles providing services for the major plants of this sector in the region. Data were collected over a period of 18 months, using the Wuppertal method to measure the environmental gains. It was observed that more than 245 tons of abiotic materials are no longer generated by the practice of reuse in the steel production chain. Moreover, 2,000 tons of water and 20 tons of air no longer were used to process the same steel amount that is sent for reuse in the production chain.
Diuron
Authors: Heise Stefan , Litz Norbert
Published: November 2016

Das Herbizid Diuron aus der Gruppe der Phenylharnstoffe wurde bis 2007 in großen Mengen als Breitbandherbizid auch in Deutschland eingesetzt, in Baumateriealien wird es weiterhin verwendet. Es wird das Verhalten von Diuron in der Umwelt und besonders im Boden insbesondere dessen Sorption, Abbau und Leaching beschrieben. Auf toxikologische und ökotoxikologische Aspekte und die Analytik sowie auf Sanierungsmaßnahmen wird kurz eingegangen.
Phosphate
Authors: Leinweber Peter , Jandl Gerald , Karsten Ulf , Lennartz Bernd , Schumann Rhena , Wimmers Klaus , Zimmer Dana
Published: November 2016

Umweltrelevante Phosphate werden in Lagerstätten abgebaut und technisch in Düngerphosphate umgewandelt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Phosphat‐Analytik in verschiedenen Medien, die wesentlichen Eintragspfade, Gehalte und Umsetzungen in Böden. Besonders problematisch sind in dem Zusammenhang die Anreicherungen in Regionen mit hohem Tierbesatz und die nahezu flächendeckend zu hohen P‐Düngermengen in der jüngeren Vergangenheit. Wirkungen auf Pflanzen und Tiere sind nicht oder kaum problematisch. Neu gegenüber früheren Lehrmeinungen sind die Austräge auf verschiedenen Fließwegen, insbesondere wenn das P‐Speicherungsvermögen der Böden überschritten ist. Konsequenz daraus sind zu hohe P‐Einträge in Gewässer, die zur Eutrophierung von Stand‐ und Fließgewässern im Binnenland sowie von Küstengewässern und Meeren führen. Aktuelle bzw. in Diskussion befindliche Änderungen in Regelwerken und Vorschriften sollen die Anreicherungen in Böden und Eutrophierungsprobleme in aquatischen Ökosystemen begrenzen.
Seasonality and partitioning of root allocation to rhizosphere soils in a midlatitude forest
Authors: Abramoff Rose Z. , Finzi Adrien C.
Published: November 2016

Root growth, respiration, and exudation are important components of biogeochemical cycles, yet data on the timing and partitioning of C to these processes are rare. As a result, it is unclear how the seasonal timing, or phenology, of root C allocation is affected by the phenology of its component processes: growth of root tissue, respiration, mycorrhizal allocation, and exudation of labile C. The objective of this study was to estimate the phenology and partitioning of C belowground across the growing season in a midlatitude forest located in central Massachusetts. Fine and coarse root production, respiration, and exudation were summed to estimate a monthly total belowground C flux (TBCF) in two hardwood stands dominated by Quercus rubra and Fraxinus americana, respectively, and one conifer stand dominated by Tsuga canadensis. We observed significant stand‐level differences in belowground C flux and the partitioning of C to root growth, mycorrhizal fungi, exudation, and respiration. The deciduous hardwood stands allocated C belowground earlier in the season compared to the conifer‐dominated stand. The deciduous stands also allocated a greater proportion of TBCF to root growth compared to the conifer‐dominated hemlock (T. canadensis) stand. Of the three stands, red oak partitioned the greatest proportion of TBCF (~50%) to root growth, and hemlock the least. Low root growth rates in hemlock may be related to the arrival and spread of the invasive pest, hemlock wooly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), during the study period. Ongoing research in the eastern hemlock stand may yet determine how whole tree allocation and partitioning change as a result of this infestation.
Spatial variation in trophic ecology of small mammals in wetlands: support for hydrological drivers
Authors: van der Merwe Jorista , Hellgren Eric C.
Published: November 2016

Food webs composed of similar consumers can vary based on nutrient input, habitat structure, and other factors. For wetland‐associated species, fluctuating water levels can potentially affect habitat quality, which in turn can affect trophic diversity. Our objective was to determine spatiotemporal variation in the trophic structure of small mammals at two wetland complexes (floodplain and mineland) in southern Illinois. We live‐trapped small mammals during 2011–2013 at nine wetland patches on the Mississippi River floodplain and 14 patches at a reclaimed mineland. We collected hair samples from six species of small mammals (n = 428) at these wetland complexes. We analyzed C and N stable isotopes for three mammal taxa (Oryzomys palustris, Peromyscus spp., Microtus ochrogaster) to compare diet between species, sites, and times. Food sources (vegetation and invertebrates) were collected to form the isotopic baseline. We found no seasonal difference in diet composition, but isotopic values varied between sites and species. At the floodplain site, both δ15N and δ13C isotopic values for Oryzomys were more variable and completely enclosed that of Peromyscus. At the mining site, Peromyscus were at a lower trophic level (δ15N) and had a separate and less variable δ13C values from Oryzomys. Microtus was at a lower trophic position than the other two species at both sites. These results point to reduced niche overlap between Oryzomys and Peromyscus at the mining site, perhaps due to lower habitat quality and limited suitable resources. At the floodplain site, we conclude that more dynamic hydrology gave rise to higher biodiversity and more resources allowing small mammals to use similar food items.
Sixty‐year post‐windthrow study of stand dynamics in two natural forests differing in pre‐disturbance composition
Authors: Kosugi Ryota , Shibuya Masato , Ishibashi Satoshi
Published: November 2016

We examined the dynamics of stand structure and composition over 60 years in two natural secondary forest plots in central Hokkaido, Japan, that had been severely disturbed by a stand‐replacing windthrow in 1954. We determined temporal trends in tree density, species richness, species diversity, successional composition, and stand developmental stage. One of the plots contained a coniferous stand prior to the disturbance; the second plot contained a mixed stand. Tree density and species richness increased after the windthrow, and peaked in both stands in 1991, 37 years after the windthrow. Based on the dynamics of tree density and species richness, the stand development phase of both plots remained within the stand initiation stage until 1991, and then progressed to the stem exclusion stage by 2014, 60 years after the windthrow. Based on patterns of increasing tree density by species in both plots, vegetative regeneration was presumed to have contributed abundantly to the recovery of the stand after the windthrow. Species diversity increased after the windthrow as species richness increased in both stands; diversities peaked 23 or 32 years after the windthrow and declined slightly thereafter. Although the successional composition of the pre‐disturbance coniferous stand regressed to an early stage under the influence of the windthrow, the relative importance of late‐successional species approached the pre‐disturbance value as the plot recovered. In contrast, the successional composition of the mixed conifer/hardwood plot was unaffected by the windthrow, but gradually changed to an early stage over several decades following the windthrow. The difference in successional composition between plots was likely a result of differences in pre‐disturbance stand conditions between stands. Our 60‐year permanent plot study determined stand and population dynamics, the duration of the stand initiation stage, and the interrelationships between diversity and species richness. Long‐term permanent plot studies contribute crucial data for the interpretation of forest dynamics following disturbance.
Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest
Authors: Barrett Kirsten , Loboda Tatiana , McGuire A. D. , Genet Hélène , Hoy Elizabeth , Kasischke Eric
Published: November 2016

Wildfire, a dominant disturbance in boreal forests, is highly variable in occurrence and behavior at multiple spatiotemporal scales. New data sets provide more detailed spatial and temporal observations of active fires and the post‐burn environment in Alaska. In this study, we employ some of these new data to analyze variations in fire activity by developing three explanatory models to examine the occurrence of (1) seasonal periods of elevated fire activity using the number of MODIS active fire detections data set (MCD14DL) within an 11‐day moving window, (2) unburned patches within a burned area using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire severity product, and (3) short‐to‐moderate interval (<60 yr) fires using areas of burned area overlap in the Alaska Large Fire Database. Explanatory variables for these three models included dynamic variables that can change over the course of the fire season, such as weather and burn date, as well as static variables that remain constant over a fire season, such as topography, drainage, vegetation cover, and fire history. We found that seasonal periods of high fire activity are associated with both seasonal timing and aggregated weather conditions, as well as the landscape composition of areas that are burning. Important static inputs to the model of seasonal fire activity indicate that when fire weather conditions are suitable, areas that typically resist fire (e.g., deciduous stands) may become more vulnerable to burning and therefore less effective as fire breaks. The occurrence of short‐to‐moderate interval fires appears to be primarily driven by weather conditions, as these were the only relevant explanatory variables in the model. The unique importance of weather in explaining short‐to‐moderate interval fires implies that fire return intervals (FRIs) will be sensitive to projected climate changes in the region. Unburned patches occur most often in younger stands, which may be related to a greater deciduous fraction of vegetation as well as lower fuel loads compared with mature stands. The fraction of unburned patches may therefore increase in response to decreasing FRIs and increased deciduousness in the region, or these may decrease if fire weather conditions become more severe.
A macroecological perspective on strategic bat conservation in the U.S. National Park Service
Authors: Rodhouse Thomas J. , Philippi Thomas E. , Monahan William B. , Castle Kevin T.
Published: November 2016

North American bat populations face unprecedented threats from disease and rapid environmental change, requiring a commensurate strategic conservation response. Protected‐area networks have tremendous potential to support coordinated resource protection, disease surveillance, and population monitoring that could become a cornerstone of 21st‐century bat conservation. To motivate this idea, we develop a macroecological perspective about bat diversity and associated conservation challenges and opportunities on U.S. National Park Service (NPS) lands. We compared occurrence records from parks against published range maps. Only 55 (19%) of parks reported as present ≥90% of the bat species expected based on range maps, highlighting the information‐gap challenge. Discrepancies suggest substantial under‐reporting and under‐sampling of bats on NPS lands; inadequate range maps and habitat specificity are implicated for some species. Despite these discrepancies, 50 species, including several range‐restricted and endangered taxa, were reported in at least one park unit, including those in the Caribbean and tropical Pacific. Species richness increased with park area at a rate (z) of ~0.1, a pattern confounded by covariation with latitude, elevation, and habitat. When accounting for these factors, richness decreased predictably at higher latitudes and increased at mid‐elevations and with greater numbers of keystone underground habitat structures (caves and mines), reflecting a strong species–energy relationship. The inclusion of covariates that represented percentage of natural vs. human‐modified (converted) landscapes and elevation range—a proxy for environmental heterogeneity—was uninformative. White‐nose syndrome (WNS) presents a tremendous challenge to the NPS: All 12 species currently known to be affected by the disease or to host the causal fungus are represented in the NPS system. One hundred and twenty‐seven NPS parks are in counties currently or likely to become WNS‐positive by 2026. All parks are expected to experience increasing temperatures in coming decades; forecasted climate change velocity is particularly high (>1 SD) for 50 parks. Seventeen parks are in the vicinity of high (>1 SD) wind turbine density. Based on these biogeographic patterns, we suggest ways to prioritize NPS parks for additional inventories, monitoring, and resource protection. Our results demonstrate how macroecology and bioinformatics together can guide strategic conservation capacity‐building among protected areas.
Vacant lots as a habitat resource: nesting success and body condition of songbirds
Authors: Rega‐Brodsky Christine C. , Nilon Charles H.
Published: November 2016

Vacant lots are a common feature throughout many cities and may provide necessary habitat resources for urban bird populations. We evaluated the quality of vacant lots throughout Baltimore, Maryland, by determining how differences in vacant lot properties related to songbirds' nesting success and body condition. We observed 130 nests from American robins (Turdus migratorius), gray catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis), and northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) across the city and assessed body condition of 19 adult robins. Nesting success for all three species was greatest within areas of vacant lots with high shrub densities. The robins' body condition index did not vary extensively and was not related to any vacant lot site‐ or landscape‐level variables. Even so, we found vacant lots to be actively used by 60 bird species for a variety of resources, with those containing more shrubs to be the most beneficial for bird species' nesting attempts. Vacant lots should no longer be discarded and underestimated; instead, they should be valued for the opportunities they provide for generalist bird species through small‐effort habitat management practices.
Niche partitioning among sexual and unisexual Ambystoma salamanders
Authors: Greenwald Katherine R. , Denton Robert D. , Gibbs H. Lisle
Published: November 2016

Organisms that have ecologically similar sexual and asexual forms present an evolutionary puzzle, as theory predicts that eventually one form should eliminate the other. However, both forms may persist if there is niche partitioning between them. Geographical parthenogenesis is a hypothesis that predicts that in terms of niche use the asexual form in such pairs should be more ecologically successful in marginal habitats. This model has rarely been considered for gynogenetic taxa, as they are sperm dependent and thus constrained to the geographical range of sexual “sperm donor” species. Unisexual Ambystoma salamanders present a unique opportunity to look for evidence of niche partitioning and geographical parthenogenesis in a gynogenetic lineage, as there are multiple possible sperm donor species and so the geographical distributions of unisexuals are less constrained. We used broad sampling, comparative ecological niche models, and a model selection approach to determine (1) whether niche partitioning occurs among sexual and unisexual salamanders and (2) whether unisexual lineages indeed occupy marginal habitat relative to their most similar sexual species. Nearly all unisexual and sexual types showed significant niche differentiation. Predictions consistent with geographical parthenogenesis were upheld for one sexual–unisexual pair (A. jeffersonianum and LJJ unisexuals), but not for a second pair (A. texanum and LTT unisexuals). Our study provides evidence that different biotypes within the unisexual lineage have distinct ecological interactions with sexual taxa, supporting a role for these differences as a mechanism promoting coexistence between some sexual and unisexual forms. However, geographical parthenogenesis is only a partial explanation for sexual–unisexual coexistence, suggesting that other ecological and genetic mechanisms also play important roles in mediating coexistence among these salamanders.
A novel concentration and viability detection method for Brettanomyces using the Cellometer image cytometry
Authors: Martyniak Brian , Bolton Jason , Kuksin Dmitry , Shahin Suzanne M , Chan Leo Li-Ying
Published: November 2016

Brettanomyces spp. can present unique cell morphologies comprised of excessive pseudohyphae and budding, leading to difficulties in enumerating cells. The current cell counting methods include manual counting of methylene blue-stained yeasts or measuring optical densities using a spectrophotometer. However, manual counting can be time-consuming and has high operator-dependent variations due to subjectivity. Optical density measurement can also introduce uncertainties where instead of individual cells counted, an average of a cell population is measured. In contrast, by utilizing the fluorescence capability of an image cytometer to detect acridine orange and propidium iodide viability dyes, individual cell nuclei can be counted directly in the pseudohyphae chains, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of cell counting, as well as eliminating the subjectivity from manual counting. In this work, two experiments were performed to demonstrate the capability of Cellometer image cytometer to monitor Brettanomyces concentrations, viabilities, and budding/pseudohyphae percentages. First, a yeast propagation experiment was conducted to optimize software counting parameters for monitoring the growth of Brettanomyces clausenii, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, and Brettanomyces lambicus, which showed increasing cell concentrations, and varying pseudohyphae percentages. The pseudohyphae formed during propagation were counted either as multiple nuclei or a single multi-nuclei organism, where the results of counting the yeast as a single multi-nuclei organism were directly compared to manual counting. Second, a yeast fermentation experiment was conducted to demonstrate that the proposed image cytometric analysis method can monitor the growth pattern of B. lambicus and B. clausenii during beer fermentation. The results from both experiments displayed different growth patterns, viability, and budding/pseudohyphae percentages for each Brettanomyces species. The proposed Cellometer image cytometry method can improve efficiency and eliminate operator-dependent variations of cell counting compared with the traditional methods, which can potentially improve the quality of beverage products employing Brettanomyces yeasts.
The biology of bone lengthening
Authors: Hvid Ivan , Horn Joachim , Huhnstock Stefan , Steen Harald
Published: November 2016

Distraction osteogenesis biologically resembles fracture healing with distinctive characteristics notably in the distraction phase of osteogenesis. In the latency phase of bone lengthening, like in the inflammatory phase of fracture repair, interleukines are released and act with growth factors released from platelets in the local haematoma, leading to attraction, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and other differentiated mesenchymal cells. These in turn produce matrix, collagen fibers and growth factors. A callus containing cells, collagen fibers, osteoid and cartilage matrix is formed. Provided stable fixation, distraction will trigger intramembranous bone formation. As distraction proceeds, the distraction gap develops five distinctive zones with unmineralized bone in the middle, remodelling bone peripherally, and mineralizing bone in between. During consolidation, the high concentration of anabolic growth factors in the regenerate diminishes with time as remodelling takes over to form mature cortical and cancellous bone. Systemic disease, congenital bone deficiencies, medications and substance abuse can influence the quality and quantity of regenerate bone, usually in a negative way. The regenerate bone can be manipulated when needed by using injection of mesenchymal stem cells and platelets, growth factors (BMP-2 and -7), and systemic medications (bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone). Growth factors and systemic anabolic and antiresorptive drugs are prescribed on special indications, while distraction osteogenesis is not an authorized indication. To some extent, however, these compounds can be used off-label. Use in children presents special problems since growth factors and specific anabolic medications may involve a risk of inducing cancer.
Predicting a Great Lake's Response to a Warm Winter
Authors: Lenters John , Blanken Peter , Kerkez Branko
Published: November 2016

The Superior Challenge Summit: Forecasting El Niño's Impact on the World's Largest Lake; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 17–19 May 2016
Reactions to Trump Environment Plans: From Defiance to Welcome
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2016

Some environmentalists and climate scientists took stances ranging from outrage to hope for common ground, whereas some industry groups embraced the new administration on energy and environment.
One-step analysis of glucose and acetylcholine in water based on the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of Ni/Co LDHs microspheres
Authors: Su Li , Yu Xinai , Qin Wenjie , Dong Wenpei , Wu Chengke , Zhang Yan , Mao Guojiang , Feng Suling
Published: November 2016

A one-step detection method for glucose and acetylcholine in water was developed based on the peroxidase-like activity of Ni/Co LDHs.
A computational fluid–structure interaction model to predict the biomechanical properties of the artificial functionally graded aorta
Authors: Khosravi Arezoo , Bani Milad Salimi , Bahreinizade Hossein , Karimi Alireza
Published: November 2016

In the present study, three layers of the ascending aorta in respect to the time and space at various blood pressures have been simulated. Two well-known commercial finite element (FE) software have used to be able to provide a range of reliable numerical results while independent on the software type. The radial displacement compared with the time as well as the peripheral stress and von Mises stress of the aorta have calculated. The aorta model was validated using the differential quadrature method (DQM) solution and, then, in order to design functionally graded materials (FGMs) with different heterogeneous indexes for the artificial vessel, two different materials have been employed. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation has been carried out on the FGM and a natural vessel of the human body. The heterogeneous index defines the variation of the length in a function. The blood pressure was considered to be a function of both the time and location. Finally, the response characteristics of functionally graded biomaterials (FGBMs) models with different values of heterogeneous material parameters were determined and compared with the behaviour of a natural vessel. The results showed a very good agreement between the numerical findings of the FGM materials and that of the natural vessel. The findings of the present study may have implications not only to understand the performance of different FGMs in bearing the stress and deformation in comparison with the natural human vessels, but also to provide information for the biomaterials expert to be able to select a suitable material as an implant for the aorta.
Intact initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial fission by acute exercise in skeletal muscle of patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kruse Rikke , Pedersen Andreas J.T. , Kristensen Jonas M. , Petersson Stine J. , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F.P. , Højlund Kurt
Published: November 2016

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysregulation and, in some studies, exercise resistance in skeletal muscle. Regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics during exercise and recovery is important for skeletal muscle homoeostasis, and these responses may be altered in T2D. We examined the effect of acute exercise on markers of autophagy and mitochondrial fusion and fission in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with T2D (n=13) and weight-matched controls (n=14) before, immediately after and 3 h after an acute bout of exercise. Although mRNA levels of most markers of autophagy [PIK3C, MAP1LC3B, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BNIP3-like (BNIP3L)] and mitochondrial dynamics [optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), fission protein 1 (FIS1)] remained unchanged, some either increased during and after exercise (GABARAPL1), decreased in the recovery period [BECN1, autophagy-related (ATG) 7, DNM1L] or both [mitofusin (MFN) 2, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (MUL1)]. Protein levels of ATG7, p62/SQSTM1, forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) and MFN2 (only controls) as well as dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) Ser616 phosphorylation increased in response to exercise and/or recovery, whereas microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II content was reduced immediately after exercise. Exercise increased the activating Ser555 phosphorylation and reduced the inhibitory Ser757 phosphorylation of Unc-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1). The LC3B-II content and phosphorylation of ULK1 and DRP1 returned towards pre-exercise levels in the recovery period. Insulin sensitivity was reduced in T2D, but with no differences in the autophagic response to exercise. Our results demonstrate that initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial fission is activated by exercise in human skeletal muscle, and that these responses are intact in T2D. The exercise-induced decrease in LC3B-II could be due to increased autophagic turnover.
Optimised quantisation method for approximate nearest neighbour search
Authors: Wang Xing , Chen Ji , Yu Jiangxu
Published: November 2016

We propose optimised group quantisation (OGQ) for approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search. Specifically, we construct a group of codebooks and select a group of codewords from the codebooks to approximate the original data such that small quantisation error is obtained. We also propose an effective learning algorithm for optimisation. The experiments show that OGQ can significantly outperform several state‐of‐the‐art ANN methods.
PCFCRD for multicomponent LFM signals analysis
Authors: Zheng Ji‐bin , Liao Gui‐sheng , Liu Qing‐huo
Published: November 2016

A novel extension of the cubic phase function (CPF), known as the parameterised centroid frequency‐chirp rate distribution (PCFCRD), is proposed for multicomponent linear frequency modulated signals analysis. The PCFCRD is coherent and introduces a constant delay to reduce the noise correlation. Mathematic analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared with the coherent integrated CPF, the PCFCRD can obtain a higher anti‐noise performance.
Flexible rectangular waveguide based on cylindrical contactless flange
Authors: Sun Dongquan , Chen Zhenhua , Yao Changfei , Xu Jinping
Published: November 2016

Contactless waveguide flange is a novel structure to prevent leakage of electromagnetic wave when it propagates across the waveguide flange. The main advantage of contactless waveguide flange is electrical contact of the connected waveguides is not required as long as the gap between the adjacent flanges does not exceed the maximum permitted distance. Therefore, relative motivation or rotation of the contactless connected waveguides is possible. The contactless waveguide flanges have been reported are all planar. A cylindrical contactless flange is first proposed. Then, a novel flexible rectangular waveguide is proposed based on it. A Ka‐band prototype is successfully designed and manufactured. The prototype consists of two bendable contactless flange joints. The maximum bending angle of each joint is limited to ±8° to maintain the return loss performance. The number of joints can be easily increased if larger bending angles are needed. The insertion loss and return loss at different bending angles are measured. The measured insertion loss is better than 0.7 dB from 26 to 37 GHz, and is better than 1.8 dB from 37 to 40 GHz. The measured return loss is 15 dB except frequencies around 37.5 and 40 GHz.
Planar microstrip coupler with enhanced power coupling
Authors: Tan B.‐K. , Yassin G.
Published: November 2016

The design of a planar microstrip coupler where power coupling between two parallel microstrip lines can easily be controlled is presented. Enhancement of power coupling is done via two small slots in the ground plane underneath the microstrip pair. The ground plane slots force the field lines near the edge of each microstrip to cross to the adjacent microstrip. The magnitude of the power coupling can easily be controlled by adjusting the length of the slots. Here, the operation of a microstrip coupler is described, and the design of a 1 × 4 power distributor array that can be used to distribute the input microwave power uniformly to four branch lines arranged in a row is presented. The measured responses of the array are also presented, and shown that the performance agree very well with simulated results.
Design of 3D filtering antenna for the application of terahertz
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Lin‐an , Wang Shao‐bo , Du Lin , Hao Yue
Published: November 2016

A new terahertz (THz) filtering antenna realised by 3D substrate integrated circular waveguide (3D‐SICW) is presented. The filtering antenna is designed on a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic substrate. Different from traditional planar structure, the direction of power in 3D‐SICW is along Z‐axis and this will significantly enhance the performance of the devices at THz frequency. The filtering antenna is constructed by two 3D‐SICW cavities and a standard substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, where one SICW cavity and the standard SIW cavity form the bandpass filter by using electric coupling and the other SICW cavity is used as antenna. The results indicate that the passband of filtering antenna range from 170.4 to 177.8 GHz and the gain of antenna is about 5.7 dB. Finally, the filtering antenna is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation prediction. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement at such high frequency.
Designing CPS/IoT applications for smart buildings and cities
Authors: Shih Chi‐Sheng , Chou Jyun‐Jhe , Reijers Niels , Kuo Tei‐Wei
Published: November 2016

Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber‐physical systems (CPS) technologies can be applied to many application domains. Examples include intelligent green house, intelligent transportation system, power distribution grid, smart home, smart building, and smart city. Among these application domains, some of them have been extensively studied, e.g., smart home and intelligent transportation systems. In the meantime, smart buildings and smart cities attract researchers and industries to investigate these two use scenarios. Well‐designed IoT/CPS can reduce energy consumption, enhance safety in buildings and cities, or can increase the comfortability in the building. In the last few years, the research communities and industrial partners started to study and investigate these two use scenarios to develop prototype or commercial services for these two scenarios. Although many works have been conducted on these two scenarios, many challenges remain open. In this study, the authors study the development and challenges in five topics. They are middleware, computation model, fault tolerance, quality of data, and virtual run‐time environment.
ApesNet: a pixel‐wise efficient segmentation network for embedded devices
Authors: Wu Chunpeng , Cheng Hsin‐Pai , Li Sicheng , Li Hai (Helen) , Chen Yiran
Published: November 2016

Road scene understanding and semantic segmentation is an on‐going issue for computer vision. A precise segmentation can help a machine learning model understand the real world more accurately. In addition, a well‐designed efficient model can be used on source limited devices. The authors aim to implement an efficient high‐level, scene understanding model in an embedded device with finite power and resources. Toward this goal, the authors propose ApesNet, an efficient pixel‐wise segmentation network which understands road scenes in near real‐time and has achieved promising accuracy. The key findings in the authors’ experiments are significantly lower the classification time and achieving a high accuracy compared with other conventional segmentation methods. The model is characterised by an efficient training and a sufficient fast testing. Experimentally, the authors use two road scene benchmarks, CamVid and Cityscapes to show the advantages of ApesNet. The authors’ compare the proposed architecture's accuracy and time performance with SegNet‐Basic, a deep convolutional encoder–decoder architecture. ApesNet is 37% smaller than SegNet‐Basic in terms of model size. With this advantage, the combining encoding and decoding time for each image is 2.5 times faster than SegNet‐Basic.
Iterative learning approach for traffic signal control of urban road networks
Authors: Yan Fei , Tian Fuli , Shi Zhongke
Published: November 2016

In this study, the authors apply iterative learning control (ILC) theory to address the urban traffic signal control problem in a macroscopic level traffic environment. The original urban traffic signal control problem is first formulated into an output regulating and disturbance rejection problem, and the ILC approach is applied to deal with this class of control problem using the repeatability feature of traffic flow. Then, the ILC strategy is further integrated with the traffic‐responsive urban control framework to cope with the random disturbances of traffic conditions in iteration cycle. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed ILC‐based traffic signal control methods can guarantee the asymptotic convergence of the link occupancies to the desired ones. The main advantage of the proposed approaches is that they require less prior modelling knowledge in the control system design. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is further verified by extensive simulations.
5L full‐scale converter with a dc‐link flying‐capacitor auxiliary bridge leg for large direct‐drive wind turbines
Authors: Hang Wang , Xiang‐jun Zeng , Mei‐mei Zhang , Ying‐ying He , Xiao Zhang , Xu Yang
Published: November 2016

A novel five‐level (5L) full‐scale converter is proposed for large direct‐drive wind turbines. In this scheme, a 5L‐Vienna rectifier is used as a robust generator‐side converter and a 5L neutral‐point‐clamped inverter as a grid‐side converter, a flying‐capacitor auxiliary bridge leg is proposed to maintain the voltage balance of the dc capacitors. This study first discusses the neutral‐point balancing method based on the flying‐capacitor auxiliary bridge leg and modulation. Furthermore, it presents the control strategies for the proposed 5L converter. Finally, simulation and small‐scale experiments are carried out to verify the analysis.
Stator winding inter‐turn short‐circuit detection in induction motors by parameter identification
Authors: Abdallah Hamoudi , Benatman Kouadri
Published: November 2016

The estimation of induction motor (IM) parameters is essential for monitoring, diagnosis and control. Within the framework of the diagnosis of the stator windings faults, this study presents two algorithms for off‐line and on‐line inter‐turn short‐circuits detection by parameter identification. The first approach combines trust‐region and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfard–Shano methods to exploit both of their advantages. This algorithm is used for off‐line minimisation of the objective function represented by a quadratic‐criterion. The second algorithm, based on the moving horizon estimation, combines off‐line measurement and on‐line parameter estimation with high sampling time to monitor in real‐time the stator inter‐turn faults in IMs. Since it requires a mathematical model suited for fault modelling, a faulty IM model is presented. Due to the parameters values of this model present magnitude order very different, the normalisation of these parameters is proposed to obtain the sensitivity functions with the same magnitude order. The estimation results, which used simulated as well as experimental data, are presented to show the effectiveness and the advantage of the proposed algorithms for stator inter‐turn short‐circuits faults detection in IMs.