bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Struktur Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Cristan Yeni , Poniman Poniman
Published: April 2023

P
Taxes are the largest income in Indonesia, but there are still many tax-payer who are negligent in fulfilling their tax obligations. The companies think that high tax payments reduce operating profits and hinder the development of the company. Company managers often commit fraud in order to get large profits, which is why corporate governance is very necessary in controlling the company. This research was conducted to test the effect of Good Corporate Governance to Tax Avoidance. The independent variables in this study were proxied from Good Corporate Governance which include Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Board of Independent Commissioners and Audit Committee, while the dependent variable is Tax Avoidance which measured by Effective Tax Rate. This research used a quantitative approach with associative form to determine the correlation between variables. The population of this study is consumer goods industry sector company listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017-2021 period.  The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, where samples of 14 companies were collected within five years,and obtain 62 samples after outlier. The data analysis methods used are descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis tests. The results showed that Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and Audit Committee partially did not significantly effect Tax Avoidance, while the Board of Independent Commissioners had a significant negative effect on Tax Avoidance. Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Board of Independent Commissioners and Audit Committee simultaneously do not effect Tax Avoidance.
Pengaruh Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Profitabilitas
Authors: Susilawati Endang , Purnomo Albert Kurniawan
Published: April 2023

T
This study aims to determine the effect of leverage and company growth on profitability. The research method used is descriptive method with a quantitative research type. The data used in this research is secondary data of cement manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 -202, the amount of data is 15. This research was conducted using a purposive sampling method. The analysis technique uses multiple regression models and uses the SPSS program.
This research is expected to be able to provide information to investors so that debt is high and low, because if debt increases, the company's condition is not healthy. The results of this study indicate that partially leverage has an effect and company growth has no effect on profitability. Simultaneous testing shows that leverage and company growth affect profitability.
PERGANTIAN MANAJEMEN, UKURAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK, DAN PERUBAHAN PROSENTASE ROA
Authors: Vivi Inneke Nur , Kartikasari Evi Dwi , Indira Irma
Published: April 2023

The size of the auditor is also one of the benchmarks of external parties to trust the results of audit opinions. Management within the company's structure is not always the same, there is a change of management that requires the company to create a new management policy, in this case, it is commonly related to the selection of KAP for external auditors. The company’s financial condition becomes the main factor that is highlighted by an auditor in providing audit opinions. Changes in the percentage of ups and downs in financial performance are also important to note by the management of the company so that the audit opinion is good. Previous research conducted by several researchers states that the change of management, the size of public accounting firms, and changes in the percentage of ROA against Auditor Switching there are positive influences and some have negative influences. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population is 144 companies. A sample of 20 companies, so the sample is 120 data. Sampling method using nonprobability sampling type Purposive sampling. The results of this study are expected to be used by external and internal parties of the company to determine strategies for conducting auditor switching. The difference between this research and previous research is that the researchers conducted research on different years and objects and on different ROA conditions
Enzymic mycosis exhaustion of grain as one of the reasons for decreasing the seed quality of the triticale of winter in the zone of the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Voloshchuk O. , Voloshchuk I. , Hlyva V. , Kovalchuk O.
Published: April 2023

The temperature regime and the amount of precipitation were analyzed during the growing season of growing the triticale of winter in 2015– 2017. Specifics of reaction of varieties of different ecological type on weather factors during formation of seed quality of seeds have been revealed.
Influence of meteorological factors on the development of cercosporiose (Cercospora calendulae Sacc.) and alternaria (Alternaria calendulae Ondrej.) of calendula officinalis
Authors: Sirik O. , Shevchuk O. , Pryvedeniuk N. , Sapa T. , Kolosovych M. , Trubka V.
Published: April 2023

The influence of meteorological factors on development of cercosporiose (Cercospora calendulae Sacc.) and alternaria (Alternaria calendulae Ondrej.) of calendula officinalis has been studied. It has been found that cercosporiose on this medicinal crop develops in conditions of excessive precipitation in the first half of the growing season of culture, while alternaria — due to insufficient moisture.
Improvement of the methodology for assessing the market value of land plots
Authors: Stupen M. , Radomskyi S. , Duma Yu.
Published: April 2023

The article substantiates the issue of improving the methodical approach to the expert assessment of land plots on the basis of the use of the comparative price method and the method of comparison of pairs, including the express method of land valuation, the use of which will enable the implementation of transactions in the market of agricultural lands
Theoretical foundations of the formation of agricultural landscapes
Authors: Hutsuliak H. , Hutsuliak Yu.
Published: April 2023

The theoretical bases of formation of agricultural landscapes are considered and two classes of anthropogenic agricultural landscapes — plain and mountain and types of landscape regional structures are reviewed. It is revealed that the important attribute of agro-landscaping systems is their constant fluctuations around the main trend of their genetic development. Consequently, actions aimed at the system with a view to changing it, on thouse which it can react by a change of productivity, consist only of a limited area of change in the parameters of the place of existence.
Spatial analysis of reproductive processes on a clonal plantation of pine usually of finnish origin
Authors: Neyko I. , Kolchanova O. , Monarch V. , Zlenko О.
Published: April 2023

The work analyzes the reproductive processes on a clonal plantation of pine usually of Finnish origin in the conditions of the Vinnytsia region. The spatial differences in the intensity of seedlosses of trees at the site of their placement on the plantation were research.
Formation of model of integrated water resources management in the context of provision of steady water use
Authors: Levkovska L. , Mandzyk V.
Published: April 2023

As a result of this study, the main problems of the existing water resources management system, which was constructed in accordance with the territorial-branch approach of the organization of water protection and water management activities, were specified. The model of implementation of the water management system of the integrated management system as an effective form of interaction of local territorial communities, business structures and authorized bodies of state power in implementation of the policy of sustainable water supply is proposed. The main tools for forming an integrated water resources management system are identified and classified.
Analysis and definition of an indicator of water stress in Ukraine in the conditions of globalization
Authors: Suduk O. , Fedina K.
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the concept of «water stress». The analysis of the components on the basis of which water stress is determined, such as: the number of renewable sources of fresh water, total freshwater collection and environmental requirements for flow, etc. The calculation of the indicator of water stress in the country is carried out, which is caused by a number of tasks of the Sustainable Development Goals. On the basis of the obtained data, the indicators of water availability of the country are analyzed.
Land system of contaminated radionuclides of territories considering agro-ecological properties of soil cover
Authors: Drebot O. , Kudrick A.
Published: April 2023

The structure of soil cover and density of pollution of the territory of land use, which belongs to the zone of voluntary resettlement of the population, was investigated. Soil areas with different pollution density of 137Cs have been determined. Land with a level of contamination of more than 15 Ki/km2 is installed. Agro-industrial groups of soils are united according to their agro-ecological state taking into account the half-life of 137Cs, taking into account the variability of soil cover. The approach to the organization of the territory of modern agroformations within the limits of Polissya agro-landscape contaminated with radionuclides is proposed.
Crowding effect of institutional openness based on the big data algorithm on the efficiency of new energy technology innovation
Authors: Cao Ziying , Qian Leren
Published: April 2023

In recent years, new energy vehicles, as a high-tech industry, have developed rapidly. This paper uses “number of new energy project personnel” and “hours of R&D (research and development) personnel” as design indicators to evaluate the investment of innovative talents in enterprises. This paper first introduces the supporting factors of the innovation environment in the input of innovation resources, and conducts research from four perspectives: human resources, innovation R&D, technology acquisition, and environmental support. In the construction of the innovation output index system, this paper outlines that the technological innovation (TI) achievements of enterprises are related to factors such as technological capabilities, profits, and market competitiveness of enterprises. Finally, this paper evaluates it from three aspects: the research and development achievements, the economic benefits obtained and the competitive benefits of the enterprise. The results show that from 2018 to 2022, the average technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises is 1.06; TI’s efficiency indicators in the past five years are all above 1, and the overall improvement trend of TI is relatively stable. The new energy vehicle collaborative innovation system constructed in this paper will promote the overall development of the new energy vehicle industry.
Bridge management through digital twin-based anomaly detection systems: A systematic review
Authors: Jiménez Rios Alejandro , Plevris Vagelis , Nogal Maria
Published: April 2023

Bridge infrastructure has great economic, social, and cultural value. Nevertheless, many of the infrastructural assets are in poor conservation condition as has been recently evidenced by the collapse of several bridges worldwide. The objective of this systematic review is to collect and synthesize state-of-the-art knowledge and information about how bridge information modeling, finite element modeling, and bridge health monitoring are combined and used in the creation of digital twins (DT) of bridges, and how these models could generate damage scenarios to be used by anomaly detection algorithms for damage detection on bridges, especially in bridges with cultural heritage value. A total of 76 relevant studies from 2017 up to 2022 have been taken into account in this review. The synthesis results show a consensus toward the future adoption of DT for bridge design, management, and operation among the scientific community and bridge practitioners. The main gaps identified are related to the lack of software interoperability, the required improvement of the performance of anomaly-detection algorithms, and the approach definition to be adopted for the integration of DT at the macro scale. Other potential developments are related to the implementation of Industry 5.0 concepts and ideas within DT frameworks.
Lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system
Authors: González-Hernández Sara , Mukouyama Yoh-suke
Published: April 2023

The central nervous system (CNS) is considered as an immune privilege organ, based on experiments in the mid 20th century showing that the brain fails to mount an efficient immune response against an allogeneic graft. This suggests that in addition to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the apparent absence of classical lymphatic vasculature in the CNS parenchyma limits the capacity for an immune response. Although this view is partially overturned by the recent discovery of the lymphatic-like hybrid vessels in the Schlemm’s canal in the eye and the lymphatic vasculature in the outmost layer of the meninges, the existence of lymphatic vessels in the CNS parenchyma has not been reported. Two potential mechanisms by which lymphatic vasculature may arise in the organs are: 1) sprouting and invasion of lymphatic vessels from the surrounding tissues into the parenchyma and 2) differentiation of blood endothelial cells into lymphatic endothelial cells in the parenchyma. Considering these mechanisms, we here discuss what causes the dearth of lymphatic vessels specifically in the CNS parenchyma.
From PERK to RIPK1: Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel potent and selective necroptosis inhibitors
Authors: Scarpellini Camilla , Valembois Sophie , Goossens Kenneth , Vadi Mike , Lanthier Caroline , Klejborowska Greta , Van Der Veken Pieter , De Winter Hans , Bertrand Mathieu J. M. , Augustyns Koen
Published: April 2023

Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) emerged as an important driver of inflammation and, consequently, inflammatory pathologies. The enzymatic activity of RIPK1 is known to indirectly promote inflammation by triggering cell death, in the form of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Small molecule Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 inhibitors have therefore recently entered clinical trials for the treatment of a subset of inflammatory pathologies. We previously identified GSK2656157 (GSK’157), a supposedly specific inhibitor of protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), as a much more potent type II Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 inhibitor. We now performed further structural optimisation on the GSK’157 scaffold in order to develop a novel class of more selective Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 inhibitors. Based on a structure-activity relationship (SAR) reported in the literature, we anticipated that introducing a substituent on the para-position of the pyridinyl ring would decrease the interaction with PERK. Herein, we report a series of novel GSK’157 analogues with different para-substituents with increased selectivity for Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1. The optimisation led to UAMC-3861 as the best compound of this series in terms of activity and selectivity for Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 over PERK. The most selective compounds were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. With this work, we successfully synthesised a novel series of potent and selective type II Receptor-Interacting serine/threonine-Protein Kinase 1 inhibitors based on the GSK’157 scaffold.
Insights to improve the activity of glycosyl phosphorylases from Ruminococcus albus 8 with cello-oligosaccharides
Authors: Storani Alem , Guerrero Sergio A. , Iglesias Alberto A.
Published: April 2023

The phosphorolysis of cello-oligosaccharides is a critical process played in the rumen by Ruminococcus albus to degrade cellulose. Cellodextrins, made up of a few glucosyl units, have gained lots of interest by their potential applications. Here, we characterized a cellobiose phosphorylase (RalCBP) and a cellodextrin phosphorylase (RalCDP) from R. albus 8. This latter was further analyzed in detail by constructing a truncated mutant (Ral∆N63CDP) lacking the N-terminal domain and a chimeric protein by fusing a CBM (RalCDP-CBM37). RalCBP showed a typical behavior with high activity on cellobiose. Instead, RalCDP extended its activity to longer soluble or insoluble cello-oligosaccharides. The catalytic efficiency of RalCDP was higher with cellotetraose and cellopentaose as substrates for both reaction directions. Concerning properties of Ral∆N63CDP, results support roles for the N-terminal domain in the conformation of the homo-dimer and conferring the enzyme the capacity to catalyze the phosphorolytic reaction. This mutant exhibited reduced affinity toward phosphate and increased to glucose-1-phosphate. Further, the CBM37 module showed functionality when fused to RalCDP, as RalCDP-CBM37 exhibited an enhanced ability to use insoluble cellulosic substrates. Data obtained from this enzyme’s binding parameters to cellulosic polysaccharides agree with the kinetic results. Besides, studies of synthesis and phosphorolysis of cello-saccharides at long-time reactions served to identify the utility of these enzymes. While RalCDP produces a mixture of cello-oligosaccharides (from cellotriose to longer oligosaccharides), the impaired phosphorolytic activity makes Ral∆N63CDP lead mainly toward the synthesis of cellotetraose. On the other hand, RalCDP-CBM37 remarks on the utility of obtaining glucose-1-phosphate from cellulosic compounds.
Recognition of dipole-induced electric field in 2D materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Yang Yuxue , Ao Shen , Wang Jiaqi , Fu Wangyang , Liu Xiangxuan , Wang Weipeng
Published: April 2023

The application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, including metallic graphene, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, and insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) for surface-enhancement Raman spectroscopy has attracted extensive research interest. This article provides a critical overview of the recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using 2D materials. By re-examining the relationship between the lattice structure and Raman enhancement characteristics, including vibration selectivity and thickness dependence, we highlight the important role of dipoles in the chemical enhancement of 2D materials.
Development of ε-poly(L-lysine) carbon dots-modified magnetic nanoparticles and their applications as novel antibacterial agents
Authors: Jiang Yuying , Xu Xinkai , Lu Jinglin , Yin Chuqiang , Li Guotai , Bai Longjian , Zhang Tiantian , Mo Jianning , Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Qiang , Wang Ting , Zhou Qihui
Published: April 2023

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely applied in antibacterial therapy owing to their distinct nanoscale structure, intrinsic peroxidase-like activities, and magnetic behavior. However, some deficiencies, such as the tendency to aggregate in water, unsatisfactory biocompatibility, and limited antibacterial effect, hindered their further clinical applications. Surface modification of MNPs is one of the main strategies to improve their (bio)physicochemical properties and enhance biological functions. Herein, antibacterial ε-poly (L-lysine) carbon dots (PL-CDs) modified MNPs (CMNPs) were synthesized to investigate their performance in eliminating pathogenic bacteria. It was found that the PL-CDs were successfully loaded on the surface of MNPs by detecting their morphology, surface charges, functional groups, and other physicochemical properties. The positively charged CMNPs show superparamagnetic properties and are well dispersed in water. Furthermore, bacterial experiments indicate that the CMNPs exhibited highly effective antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the in vitro cellular assays show that CMNPs have favorable cytocompatibility. Thus, CMNPs acting as novel smart nanomaterials could offer great potential for the clinical treatment of bacterial infections.
Plastic waste and microplastic issues in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ng Chi Huey , Mistoh Mohd Aizzan , Teo Siow Hwa , Galassi Andrea , Ibrahim Azreen , Sipaut Coswald Stephen , Foo Jurry , Seay Jeffrey , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin , Janaun Jidon
Published: April 2023

Plastic pollution on land and in oceans is currently a pressing environmental issue. The accumulation of waste has caused severe, irreversible impacts and consequences on marine life, ecosystems, and the environment due to the lack of good waste collection, treatment, and management systems. Limited resources and infrastructure constantly challenge waste management in Southeast Asia. Therefore, we will examine the current plastic situation and issues in Southeast Asia and gain an understanding of the issues of the existing waste management systems in those countries. Then, we will examine the current practices applied in tackling plastic pollution and review the collective commitment and actions of governments, private sectors, social organizations, stakeholders, and consumers, as the key players in ending plastic pollution.
Potential effective diagnostic biomarker in patients with primary and metastatic small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Chen Jianxian , Meng Yiliang , Huang Xiaojuan , Liao Xuegan , Tang Xiaochun , Xu Yuanchao , Li Jie
Published: April 2023

Background: Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are the most common malignant tumors of the small intestine, with many patients presenting with metastases and their incidence increasing. We aimed to find effective diagnostic biomarkers for patients with primary and metastatic SI-NETs that could be applied for clinical diagnosis.

Methods: We downloaded GSE65286 (training set) and GSE98894 (test set) from the GEO database and performed differential gene expression analysis to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs). The functions and pathways involved in these genes were further explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. In addition, a global regulatory network involving dysregulated genes in SI-NETs was constructed based on RNAInter and TRRUST v2 databases, and the diagnostic power of hub genes was identified by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results: A total of 2,969 DEGs and DElncRNAs were obtained in the training set. Enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes (BPs) and KEGG pathways were mainly associated with cancer. Based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we obtained five BPs (cytokinesis, iron ion homeostasis, mucopolysaccharide metabolic process, platelet degranulation and triglyceride metabolic process) and one KEGG pathway (ppar signaling pathway). In addition, the core set of dysregulated genes obtained included MYL9, ITGV8, FGF2, FZD7, and FLNC. The hub genes were upregulated in patients with primary SI-NETs compared to patients with metastatic SI-NETs, which is consistent with the training set. Significantly, the results of ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic power of the hub genes was strong in both the training and test sets.

Conclusion: In summary, we constructed a global regulatory network in SI-NETs. In addition, we obtained the hub genes including MYL9, ITGV8, FGF2, FZD7, and FLNC, which may be useful for the diagnosis of patients with primary and metastatic SI-NETs.
Deciphering the mechanism of PSORI-CM02 in suppressing keratinocyte proliferation through the mTOR/HK2/glycolysis axis
Authors: Wang Maojie , Tang Bin , Huang Huanjie , Wu Xiaodong , Deng Hao , Chen Haiming , Mei Liyan , Chen Xiumin , Burgering Boudewijn , Lu Chuanjian
Published: April 2023

Hyperplasia of epidermal keratinocytes that depend on glycolysis is a new hallmark of psoriasis pathogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that PSORI-CM02 could halt the pathological progression of psoriasis by targeting inflammatory response and angiogenesis, but its effect(s) and mechanism(s) on proliferating keratinocytes remained unclear. In this study, we aim to identify components of PSORI-CM02 that are absorbed into the blood and to determine the effect(s) of PSORI-CM02 on keratinocyte proliferation and its molecular mechanism(s). We used the immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, as an in vitro model of proliferating keratinocytes and the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse (IMQ) as an in vivo model. Metabolite profiles of vehicle pharmaceutic serum (VPS), PSORI-CM02 pharmaceutic serum (PPS), and water extraction (PWE) were compared, and 23 components of PSORI-CM02 were identified that were absorbed into the blood of mice. Both PPS and PWE inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells and consequently reduced the expression of the proliferation marker ki67. Additionally, PPS and PWE reduced phosphorylation levels of mTOR pathway kinases. Seahorse experiments demonstrated that PPS significantly inhibited glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and mitochondrial respiration, thus reducing ATP production in HaCaT cells. Upon treatments of PPS or PWE, hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression was significantly decreased, as observed from the set of glycolytic genes we screened. Finally, in the IMQ model, we observed that treatment with PSORI-CM02 or BPTES, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, reduced hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, inhibited the expression of p-S6 and reduced the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in lesioned skin. Taken together, we demonstrate that PSORI-CM02 has an anti-proliferative effect on psoriatic keratinocytes, at least in part, by inhibiting the mTOR/HK2/glycolysis axis.
The evolving culture of medical cannabis in Canada for the management of chronic pain
Authors: Clarke H. , Fitzcharles M.
Published: April 2023

Although used therapeutically for millennia, cannabis has been a prohibited substance worldwide for most of the 20th Century. With revision of prohibitive regulations in many jurisdictions during the past 2 decades, cannabis is increasingly available to patients as a potential treatment option for various symptoms. Pain relief, sleep promotion and alleviation of distress, depression and anxiety are the most common reasons for cannabis use. Canada has been at the forefront of medical cannabis (MC) legislation revisions to enable and facilitate access for therapeutic use. Although initially viewed with caution and stigma, attitudes to cannabis in general have changed. Medical cannabis is identified as the herbal plant product sourced from a grower/producer and is not at present a regulated pharmaceutical product. Medical cannabis use is currently prevalent in Canada but has bypassed the rigorous study required for usual drug approval. Although uptake has been enthusiastic by patients, the medical community has voiced cautions and concerns. Access to medical cannabis is fairly easy once an approval document is obtained from a healthcare professional, but without obligation for medical or pharmacy oversight. The greatest concern is a dearth of sound clinical evidence for effects and harms. Emerging concerns include prevalent patient self-management with information based on personal research, an abundance of on-line information which may not always be accurate, the emergence of designated “cannabis clinics,” potential risks to society due to accidents, and high cost of the legal medical product leading to access via the recreational market. With cannabis now entrenched in Canadian healthcare, physicians must be sufficiently knowledgeable to provide guidance that is evidence-based and will ensure personal and societal harm reduction. Examination of the changing culture of medical cannabis in Canada will provide insight for countries that may be anticipating similar revisions of cannabis regulations to allow cannabis access for their patient population and learn from the issues created by recreational legalization.
Similarity analysis of the flow-induced noise of a benchmark submarine
Authors: Qu Yao , Zhang Yong-Ou , Li Yi-Fan , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2023

As one of the three major noise sources of submarines, flow-induced noise plays a key role for the stealth capability of submarines. Several research studies based on experiment or simulation have evaluated the sound radiation from the scale model; however, it is still a great challenge to efficiently evaluate the flow-induced noise of a large-scale prototype. In order to solve this problem, the flow-induced noise of different scale submarines is analyzed, and both the similarity law and the scale effect are discussed in the dimensionless frequency St = 10–1089. The fully appended DARPA SUBOFF, a famous benchmark submarine model, is used in our research. The relationship between the sound power, scale variables, and the speed and scale variables is obtained using the Buckingham Pi theorem. Then, the sound pressure level and the sound power level of the SUBOFF, with the scale ratio of 1:24 and 1:48 and the speed of 2, 4, and 8 m/s, are calculated based on the large-eddy simulation (LES)/Lighthill hybrid method. Finally, the scale effect between a hypothetical prototype (actually, a benchmark SUBOFF model with a scale ratio of 1:8) and its scale models are discussed at the same speed. The numerical results show that the submarine’s sound power level conforms to the similarity relationship of dipole source within the cut-off frequency St = 100. The error of the sound power level is about 20 lg (φ) caused by scale effect when the dimensionless frequency is greater than the cut-off frequency, where φ is the scale ratio from the hypothetical prototype to the model. The scale error of the sound pressure level at different position and different frequency exist differently when extrapolating from model results to prototype according to the similarity law based on dipole source.
Moment-based analysis of pinning synchronization in complex networks with sign inner-coupling configurations
Authors: Yu Yanying , Xiang Linying , Liu Bo , Xia Chengyi
Published: April 2023

In this paper, pinning synchronization of complex networks with sign inner-coupling configurations is investigated from a moment-based analysis approach. First, two representative non-linear systems with varying dynamics parameters are presented to illustrate the bifurcation of the synchronized regions. The influence of sign inner-coupling configurations on network synchronizability is then studied in detail. It is found that adding negative parameters in the inner-coupling matrix can significantly enhance the network synchronizability. Furthermore, the eigenvalue distribution of the coupling and control matrix in the pinned network is estimated using the spectral moment analysis. Finally, numerical simulations are given for illustration.
Small molecule inhibitors of osteoarthritis: Current development and future perspective
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Xingxing , Zhang Lin , Hu Bin , Hu Sang , Zhang Xiao , Hu Jing
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common degenerative joint diseases in clinic. It mainly damages articular cartilage, causing pain, swelling and stiffness around joints, and is the main cause of disability of the elderly. Due to the unclear pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and the poor self-healing ability of articular cartilage, the treatment options for this disease are limited. At present, NSAIDs, Glucocorticoid and Duloxetine are the most commonly used treatment choice for osteoarthritis. Although it is somewhat effective, the adverse reactions are frequent and serious. The development of safer and more effective anti-osteoarthritis drugs is essential and urgent. This review summarizes recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of OA, focusing on small molecule inhibitors targeting cartilage remodeling in osteoarthritis as well as the research idea of reducing adverse effects by optimizing the dosage form of traditional drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. It should provide a reference for exploration of new potential treatment options.
Understanding repolarization in the intracardiac unipolar electrogram: A long-lasting controversy revisited
Authors: Stoks Job , Bear Laura R. , Vijgen Johan , Dendale Paul , Peeters Ralf , Volders Paul G. A. , Cluitmans Matthijs J. M.
Published: April 2023

Background: The optimal way to determine repolarization time (RT) from the intracardiac unipolar electrogram (UEG) has been a topic of debate for decades. RT is typically determined by either the Wyatt method or the “alternative method,” which both consider UEG T-wave slope, but differently.

Objective: To determine the optimal method to measure RT on the UEG.

Methods: Seven pig hearts surrounded by an epicardial sock with 100 electrodes were Langendorff-perfused with selective cannulation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and submersed in a torso-shaped tank containing 256 electrodes on the torso surface. Repolarization was prolonged in the non-LAD-regions by infusing dofetilide and shortened in the LAD-region using pinacidil. RT was determined by the Wyatt (tWyatt) and alternative (tAlt) methods, in both invasive (recorded with epicardial electrodes) and in non-invasive UEGs (reconstructed with electrocardiographic imaging). tWyatt and tAlt were compared to local effective refractory period (ERP).

Results: With contact mapping, mean absolute error (MAE) of tWyatt and tAlt vs. ERP were 21 ms and 71 ms, respectively. Positive T-waves typically had an earlier ERP than negative T-waves, in line with theory. tWyatt -but not tAlt-shortened by local infusion of pinacidil. Similar results were found for the non-invasive UEGs (MAE of tWyatt and tAlt vs. ERP were 30 ms and 92 ms, respectively).

Conclusion: The Wyatt method is the most accurate to determine RT from (non) invasive UEGs, based on novel and historical analyses. Using it to determine RT could unify and facilitate repolarization assessment and amplify its role in cardiac electrophysiology.
New Insights on Alternative Hosts of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Maize
Authors: Longhi Talita Vigo , Robaina Renata Rodrigues , de Carvalho Deived Uilian , de Oliveira Admilton Gonçalves , Leite Junior Rui Pereira , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel
Published: April 2023

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of maize (Zea mays), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv), was first reported in Brazil in 2018. In this study, we evaluated 52 species of cultivated plants, cover crops, forage, and grasses that are used in succession or crop rotation with maize, and weeds with natural occurrence in maize-producing regions, to determine their potentials as alternative hosts for Xvv. We investigated (i) the pathogenicity of Xvv based on symptom development, (ii) epiphytic colonization of the bacterium in asymptomatic plants, and (iii) bacterial colonization in plant tissues using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in symptomatic and asymptomatic species. Ten species, all belonging to the Poaceae family, presented symptoms after Xvv infection, including Avena sativa (cvs. IPR Afrodite and IPR Esmeralda), A. strigosa (cv. IPR 161), Hordeum vulgare (cv. BRS Cauê), Oryza sativa (cv. IPR 117), Brachiaria brizantha (Brizantha and cv. Marandu), Digitaria horizontalis, D. insularis, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, and Sorghum arundinaceum. Furthermore, epiphytic colonization by Xvv was observed in 23 asymptomatic species. Scanning micrographs revealed that Xvv cells and their aggregates were distributed throughout the leaf surface. In addition, bacterial colonization in the intercellular tissues of the substomatal chambers of white oat, black oat, and maize was observed across the tissue fractures. Despite showing typical symptoms of Xvv infection, SEM examination revealed evidence of Xvv colonization only on the leaf surface of rice. In asymptomatic species, such as rye, sorghum, and millet, a low number of bacterial cells were found on the leaf surface. However, no evidence of internal tissue colonization was observed in millet fractures, suggesting that Xvv survives only epiphytically in this species.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Rice Productivity and Its Influencing Factors in China
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Jiaojiao , Li Jia , Chen Yu , Shi Jinming , Liu Jianxu , Sriboonchitta Songsak
Published: April 2023

Ensuring sustainable levels of rice yield has become a significant concern in recent years. To improve yields in rice production, it is essential to increase factor inputs and productivity. However, current research primarily focuses on general grain productivity, rather than rice. In this study, utilize the DEA-Malmquist index to present a comprehensive temporal and spatial analysis of rice productivity and its determinants in China. Our findings reveal that the overall efficiency of rice production in China exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, with technological progress being the primary driver of improvement in production efficiency. Moreover, rice production efficiency demonstrates a distribution pattern that decreases from east to west, with resource endowment, production conditions, socioeconomic development levels, and the political system being crucial factors influencing efficiency. This study proposes novel ideas for structural adjustments and regional divisions within China’s rice industry and provides a theoretical foundation for governments to develop evidence-based policies.
Prediction of Ethanol Content and Total Extract Using Densimetry and Refractometry
Authors: Plugatar Yurij , Johnson Joel B. , Timofeev Ruslan , Korzin Vadim , Kazak Anatoliy , Nekhaychuk Dmitry , Borisova Elvira , Rotanov Gennady
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the interrelationships between the parameters of density, optical refraction, the volume fraction of ethanol and the total extract, using model solutions and samples of wine materials. The regularities of changes in refractometer readings in the process of alcoholic fermentation have been studied. The functional dependence of the value of the volume fraction of ethanol in the finished wine products on the density and scale of refractometer values has been established. A technique is proposed for controlling the process of alcoholic fermentation of grape must, based on the use of refractometry. Finally, we present an algorithm to calculate the composition (volume fraction of ethanol, mass concentration of the total extract) of the fermentation product from its physical properties (density, refractive index), the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.975.
Reproductive Biology of Male European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Central Mediterranean Sea: An Overview from Macroscopic to Molecular Investigation
Authors: Mascoli Alessia , Candelma Michela , Santojanni Alberto , Carnevali Oliana , Colella Sabrina
Published: April 2023

The improvement of scientific knowledge about overexploited fishery resources allow us to provide scientific advice for their management and stock protection. By using a multidisciplinary approach, the aim of the study was to characterize, for the first time in the Central Mediterranean Sea (GSA 17), the reproductive biology of males of M. merluccius, currently highly exploited. A multi-year sampling from January 2017 to December 2019 was performed to exhaustively evaluate the sex ratio of the stock, while the 2018 annual sampling was selected to investigate the reproductive pattern of males. Individuals in spawning conditions were found every month, proving that M. merluccius is an asynchronous species, reproducing all year round, with a seasonal reproductive peak in spring/summer, as indicated by GSI. Five gonadal development stages were defined to fully describe the reproductive cycle of males. The macroscopic and histological L50, respectively 18.6 cm and 15.4 cm, were both below the Minimum Conservation Reference Size (MCRS). According to the mRNA levels, fsh and lh played a significant role during spermiation, whereas the gnrhr2a was involved at the beginning of sexual maturity. In the testis, fshr and lhr reached maximum expression levels before the spermiation. The hormonal stimuli of 11-ketotestosterone and its receptor were significantly higher when the specimen was in reproductive activity.
Characterization and Advancement of an Evaluation Method for the Treatment of Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in STR/ort Mice: GRGDS Peptides as a Potential Treatment for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Mei-Feng , Hu Chih-Chien , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chiu Yu-Tien , Chen Kai-Lin , Ueng Steve W. N. , Chang Yuhan
Published: April 2023

STR/ort mice spontaneously exhibit the typical osteoarthritis (OA) phenotype. However, studies describing the relationship between cartilage histology, epiphyseal trabecular bone, and age are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the typical OA markers and quantify the subchondral bone trabecular parameters in STR/ort male mice at different weeks of age. We then developed an evaluation model for OA treatment. We graded the knee cartilage damage using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score in STR/ort male mice with or without GRGDS treatment. We measured the levels of typical OA markers, including aggrecan fragments, matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13), collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COL10A1), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), and quantified epiphyseal trabecular parameters. Compared to the young age group, elderly mice showed an increased OARSI score, decreased chondrocyte columns of the growth plate, elevated expression of OA markers (aggrecan fragments, MMP13, and COL10A1), and decreased expression of Sox9 at the articular cartilage region in elderly STR/ort mice. Aging also significantly enhanced the subchondral bone remodeling and microstructure change in the tibial plateau. Moreover, GRGDS treatment mitigated these subchondral abnormalities. Our study presents suitable evaluation methods to characterize and measure the efficacy of cartilage damage treatments in STR/ort mice with spontaneous OA.
Cellular Membrane Localization of Innate Immune Checkpoint Molecule CD47 Is Regulated by Radixin in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Kobori Takuro , Ito Yui , Sawada Yuka , Urashima Yoko , Ito Takuya , Obata Tokio
Published: April 2023

In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited potent antitumor efficacy against multiple solid malignancies but limited efficacy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47, a member of the immunoglobulin G superfamily, is overexpressed in the surface membrane of PDAC and independently correlates with a worse clinical prognosis. Furthermore, CD47 functions as a dominant macrophage checkpoint, providing a potent “do not eat me” signal to enable cancer cells to evade the innate immune system. Thus, the blockade of CD47 is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for PDAC. In this study, we determined whether ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family members, which post-translationally modulate the cellular membrane localization of numerous transmembrane proteins by crosslinking with the actin cytoskeleton, contribute to the cellular membrane localization of CD47 in KP-2 cells derived from human PDAC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that CD47 and ezrin/radixin were highly co-localized in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, gene silencing of radixin but not ezrin dramatically decreased the cell surface expression of CD47 but had little effects on its mRNA level. Furthermore, CD47 and radixin interacted with each other, as determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. In conclusion, radixin regulates the cellular membrane localization of CD47 as a scaffold protein in KP-2 cells.
Coarse-Grained MD Simulations of Opioid Interactions with the μ-Opioid Receptor and the Surrounding Lipid Membrane
Authors: Ray Sourav , Fackeldey Konstantin , Stein Christoph , Weber Marcus
Published: April 2023

In our previous studies, a new opioid (NFEPP) was developed to only selectively bind to the μ-opoid receptor (MOR) in inflamed tissue and thus avoid the severe side effects of fentanyl. We know that NFEPP has a reduced binding affinity to MOR in healthy tissue. Inspired by the modelling and simulations performed by Sutcliffe et al., we present our own results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of fentanyl and NFEPP with regards to their interaction with the μ-opioid receptor embedded within the lipid cell membrane. For technical reasons, we have slightly modified Sutcliffe’s parametrisation of opioids. The pH-dependent opioid simulations are of interest because while fentanyl is protonated at the physiological pH, NFEPP is deprotonated due to its lower pKa value than that of fentanyl. Here, we analyse for the first time whether pH changes have an effect on the dynamical behaviour of NFEPP when it is inside the cell membrane. Besides these changes, our analysis shows a possible alternative interaction of NFEPP at pH 7.4 outside the binding region of the MOR. The interaction potential of NFEPP with MOR is also depicted by analysing the provided statistical molecular dynamics simulations with the aid of an eigenvector analysis of a transition rate matrix. In our modelling, we see differences in the XY-diffusion profiles of NFEPP compared with fentanyl in the cell membrane.
Local Brain Network Alterations and Olfactory Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: An fMRI and Graph-Based Study
Authors: Zhu Bing , Li Qi , Xi Yang , Li Xiujun , Yang Yu , Guo Chunjie
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the abnormal connection of functional networks. Olfactory impairment occurs in early AD; therefore, exploring alterations in olfactory-related regions is useful for early AD diagnosis. We combined the graph theory of local brain network topology with olfactory performance to analyze the differences in AD brain network characteristics. A total of 23 patients with AD and 18 normal controls were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), clinical neuropsychological examinations and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Between-group differences in the topological properties of the local network were compared. Pearson correlations were explored based on differential brain regions and olfactory performance. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation of the degree of cognitive impairment with olfactory recognition function. Local node topological properties were significantly altered in many local brain regions in the AD group. The nodal clustering coefficients of the bilateral temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus (TPOmid), degree centrality of the left insula (INS.L), degree centrality of the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG.R), and betweenness centrality of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG.L) were related to olfactory performance. Alterations in local topological properties combined with the olfactory impairment can allow early identification of abnormal olfactory-related regions, facilitating early AD screening.