bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODOLOGIA HERMENÊUTICA COMO ELEMENTO DETERMINANTE NA INTERPRETAÇÃO DO RELATO BÍBLICO DA CRIAÇÃO
Authors: Teixeira Carlos Flavio , Texeira Marlon Roberto Varela
Published: April 2020

Há séculos os estudiosos da Bíblia debatem a interpretação do relato de Gênesis 1:1-2:3 acerca da criação do mundo. Essa discussão, que no passado era motivada por tentativas exegéticas e filosóficas de resolver pontos controvertidos de compreensão, foi intensificada com as hipóteses geológicas e biológicas que surgiram no meio científico, notadamente a partir dos séculos 18 e 19. Tais perspectivas apresentam versões diferentes sobre as origens, em relação à visão mais antiga que entende os sete dias em que a vida foi criada como tendo, cada um, duração de 24 horas e sendo, portanto, literais e históricos. Mais do que uma mera questão de diferenças de opinião, uma observação atenta desse panorama aponta que a principal causa das divergências interpretativas pode ser notada nas opções metodológicas feitas pelos intérpretes das Escrituras, fato que se mostra elementar para a observação e discussão não apenas desse, mas também de outros temas teológicos.
Bilinçli Farkındalık ve Dikkat Eğitiminin Öğrencilerin Dikkat Gelişimlerine Etkisi
Authors: BIYIKLI Cemal , IŞIK Pınar Rahşan , DOĞAN Deniz
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, herhangi bir sorunu (disleksi, hiperaktivite, dikkat eksikliği, vb.) olmayan öğrencilere belirli bir süre uygulanan bilinçli farkındalık ve dikkat eğitiminin, onların dikkatlerinin artmasına neden olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Araştırmada deneme öncesi modellerden tek gruplu öntest - sontest deneme modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 öğretim yıllarında, Ankara Özel Tevfik Fikret İlkokulu ve Ortaokulundaki dördüncü ve beşinci sınıflarında yürütülmüştür. Veriler Bourdon Dikkat Testinin Harf Formu, Öğretmen Gözlem Formu ve Öğrenci Özdeğerlendirme Formu yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Her bir ölçme aracından elde edilen veriler tekrarlı veriler için varyans analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada iki öğretim yılı boyunca bilinçli farkındalık ve dikkat eğitimi alan öğrencilerin Bourdon Dikkat Testi, Özdeğerlendirme Formları ve Öğretmen Gözlem Formlarından aldığı ortalama puanların dönemlere göre anlamlı ölçüde arttığı; öğrencilerin aldıkları bilinçli farkındalık ve dikkat eğitimi süresinin artmasının dikkat düzeylerinin de artmasına neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır
Maarif Salnamelerine Göre Menteşe Sancağında Eğitim-Öğretim (1898-1904)
Authors: VURGUN Ahmet
Published: April 2020

II. Abdülhamid döneminde
modern eğitim sistemi ve kurumlarının gelişimi hız kazanarak tüm ülke çapında
yayılmaya başlamıştır. Diğer yandan yapılan bu faaliyetleri ve ülkedeki
eğitimin mevcut durumunu ortaya koyan yayınlar da hazırlanmıştır. Bu dönemde
eğitimde ilgili hazırlanan çalışmalardan başlıcasını Maarif Salnameleri
oluşturur.

Bu araştırmada, Maarif Salnamelerindeki
bilgilerden hareketle Menteşe Sancağında bulunan geleneksel eğitim kurumu medreselerle
birlikte modern eğitim kurumları olan; ibtidailer, rüşdiyeler,  idadi ile gayrimüslimlerin okulları incelenmiştir.
Bu bağlamda mevcut okulların idari ve öğretim kadrosu, dersleri, okulların
açılış tarihi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin
ayrılmaz bir bütünü olan ve Menteşe’de bulunan kütüphaneler ve kitap sayıları
ile Menteşe Sancağının 19. yüzyılın sonundan 20. yüzyılın başına eğitim durumu
tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII D MTsN 5 Jember
Authors: Abdillah Dadang
Published: April 2020

Learning difficulties are a disorder of students in learning from speaking, writing, listening, reading, and other abilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of learning difficulties and factors that influence student learning difficulties in class VIII D MTsN 5 Jember. This research formulates the problem of what types of difficulties are experienced and the factors that influence student learning difficulties in class VIII D MTsN 5 Jember. The population of this study were all class student in class VIII D MTsN 5 Jember. Data collection techniques using interview method. The results of the study show that there are some chikdren whi still experience difficulties in learning. In this case it is influenced by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors, internal factors that cause children to experience learning difficulties are the lack of interest from the student to learn, while external factors that affect student difficulties in learning can be grouped into three, namely family, school and community environment. From the results of this study it can be concluded that many learning difficulties are experienced by students in class VIII D MTsN 5 Jember caused by several factors that can be classified into two factors, namely internal factors (from within students) and external factors (from outside the student).
Studi Literatur Pengaruh Psikologi Pendidikan terhadap Keberhasilan Pembelajaran
Authors: Rochaini Nurul
Published: April 2020

Psychology is the science that talks about human behavior in the teaching and learning process, and it has a close relationship with teaching science. In the teaching and learning process, students are told to be able to understand and master all material taught by educators. Each student has different abilities. But the success of a learning is influenced by the psychological conditions (psychology) of their students. The purpose of this study was to find solutions to learning problems caused by the psychological conditions of students. If a student is in an uncomfortable, depressed, or fearful condition then any good learning method will not work.
Factor Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome in Aged Population Undergoing Periodical Health Examinations
Authors: Chiu Hsiao-Hui
Published: April 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common health problem in aged people. The cluster of diseases associated with MetS, namely, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertensive disease and renal disease, had made a death rate of 0.17%, higher than 0.15% attributed to cancers.Aims: To investigate the prevalence, incidence and reversion rate of MetS in Aged population undergoing periodical health examinations, as well as the associated impact factors.Results: The prevalence of MetS was found to be 19.9% among all the subjects studied, to be higher in female (23.1%) than in male (18.3%). The incidence of MetS was 17.6%. In contrast, the reversion rate of MetS was 45.0%. Sex (p = 0.045) and history of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.006) were two factors found to be significantly associated with the reversion rate of MetS.Conclusion: Physical examinations may help early detect diseases and revise high risk factors timely. Compared with the ordinary older population, those undergoing periodical health examinations tended to have lower incidence of MetS, better health status and higher disease reversion rate than incidence. To sum up, individualized health education and guidance is an imperative and critical nursing intervention to ensure a healthy state for aged population.
How studies on inflamm-aging may help to understand and combat COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Storci Gianluca , Bonifazi Francesca , Garagnani Paolo , Olivieri Fabiola , Bonafe Massimiliano
Published: April 2020

More than 1,000,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been registered worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic in Wuhan on December 2019. The high mortality rate of COVID-19 is associated with age, gender and the presence of comorbidities. Biochemical data have shown that COVID-19 patients develop a local and systemic hyper-inflammatory response associated with poor outcome. Therefore, the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation is a compelling need. Following this reasoning, here we will focus on the importance of the progressive age-related development of a pro-inflammatory state (aka inflamm-aging) in the understanding of the unbalanced inflammatory response against SARS-CoV-2 in aged people. In particular, we underpin the role of mitochondrial DNA and genomic DNA telomeric sequences in local and systemic mechanisms of inflammation. Indeed, the leakage of mtDNA out of its natural compartment (i.e. the mitochondrion), into the cytoplasm and in the extracellular environment is a powerful trigger of innate immunity and inflammation, as part of an evolutionary-conserved signaling mechanism of cellular damage (e.g. viral infection). High levels of circulating mtDNA are increased in aged people and set up as inflammatory markers of poor prognosis in intensive care unit patients. In turn, telomeric DNA, which can be released into the cytoplasm and in the extracellular environment upon cell damage, has been proven to exert potent anti-inflammatory activity. Since that aged people (particularly those affected by co-morbidity) are equipped with shortened telomeres, we posit that, in aged people affected by COVID-19 the release of mtDNA, coupled with insufficient telomeric DNA favors the onset of a detrimental inflammatory response. In this regard, we highlight that the mechanism of action of some currently used drugs, as well as potential new ones may be better understood under the light of the above-depicted theoretical framework thus explaining how studies on inflamm-aging may help to understand and combat COVID-19 pandemic.
Design and Test of a Student Hybrid Rocket Engine with an External Carbon Fiber Composite Structure
Authors: Heeg Francesca
Published: April 2020

The development of hybrid rockets offers excellent opportunities for the practical education of students at universities due to a high safety and a relatively low complexity of the rocket propulsion system. During the German educational program STERN, students of the Technische Universität Braunschweig obtain the possibility to design and launch a sounding rocket with a hybrid engine. The design of engine HYDRA 4X is presented and results of first engine tests are discussed. Results for measured regression rates are compared to results from literature. Furthermore, the impact of the lightweight casing material CFRP on the hybrid engine mass and flight apogee altitude is examined for rockets with different total impulse classes (10 to 50 kNs). It is shown that the benefit of a lightweight casing material on engine mass decreases with an increasing total impulse. However, a higher gain on apogee altitude, especially for bigger rockets with a comparable high total impulse is shown.
Pathway-Phenotypes of Non-responders and Partial Responders to Treatment With Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Machine Learning Study
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Mousa Rana Fadhil , Al-Dujaili Arafat Hussein , Maes Michael
Published: April 2020

Objective: About a third of schizophrenia patients are treatment-resistant to antipsychotic therapy. No studies established the fingerprints or pathway-phenotypes of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The present study aimed to delineate the pathway-phenotypes of non-responders (NRTT) and partial responders (PRTT) to treatment using machine learning. Methods: We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients and 43 healthy controls and measured schizophrenia symptom dimensions, neurocognitive tests, plasma CCL11, interleukin-(IL)-6, IL-10, Dickkopf protein 1 (DKK1), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), κ- and µ-opioid receptors (KOR and MOR, respectively), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), and β-endorphin. Results: Machine learning showed that the NRTT group is a qualitatively distinct class and is significantly discriminated from PRTT with an accuracy of 100% using a neuro-immune-opioid-cognitive (NIOC) pathway-phenotype with as main determinants list learning, controlled word association, and Tower of London test scores, CCL11, IL-6, and EM2. The top-5 symptom domains separating NRTT from PRTT were in descending order: psychomotor retardation, negative symptoms, psychosis, depression, and mannerism. Moreover, a NIOC pathway also discriminated PRTT from healthy controls with an accuracy of 100% while all PRTT and controls were authenticated as belonging to their respective classes. Conclusion: A non-response to treatment with antipsychotics is determined by increased severity of specific symptom profiles coupled with deficits in executive functions, and episodic and semantic memory, and aberrations in neuro-immune and opioid pathways. No patients showed complete remission after treatment indicating that non-remitting in PRTT is attributable to increased HMGB1 and residual deficits in attention, executive functions, and semantic memory.
Potential Phytochemicals as Efficient Protease Inhibitors of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Ranjan Anuj , Chauhan Abhishek , Gurnani Manisha , Jindal Tanu
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus 2019 (nCov-2019/Covid-2019/2019-nCov) has become a pandemic in a very short span of time. It has caused significant loss to human lives, economy, daily life. The key development against the nCov-2019 remains apprehended when it comes to discovery of its vaccine or medicines for the treatment. Drugs used for the treatment of HIV ( inhibitors of HIV protease) are being largely used for the treatment of nCov-2019. Therefore, we conducted a study by docking a set of natural compounds with reported protease activity against HIV or SARS coronavirus against the protease of nCov-2019. The Bavachinin ranked the top among natural compounds with binding energy of -7.74±0.152 Kcal/mol, RMSD 0.823±0.024 Å, predicted pKd 5.59 and predicted dG of -7.56 Kcal/mol. The finding infers that these three compounds could have the potential to inhibit the nCov-2019 protease. The finding was supported with reputed research publications.
120 Years of Untangling the Divaricate Habit: A Review
Authors: Maurin Kévin J. L. , Lusk Christopher H.
Published: April 2020

The evolution of divaricate plants in New Zealand has been the subject of long-running debate among botanists and ecologists. Hypotheses about this remarkable case of convergent evolution have focused mainly on two different types of selective pressures: the Plio-Pleistocene advent of cool, dry climates, or browsing by now-extinct moa. Here, we review the scientific literature relating to the New Zealand divaricates, and present a list of 81 taxa whose architectures fall on the divaricate habit spectrum. We recommend a series of standardised terms to facilitate clear communication about these species. We identify potentially informative areas of research yet to be explored, such as the genetics underlying the establishment and control of this habit. We also review work about similar plants overseas, proposing a list of 47 such species as a first step towards more comprehensive inventories; these may motivate further studies of the ecology, morphology and evolutionary history of these overseas plants which could help shed light on the evolution of their New Zealand counterparts. Finally, we compile published divergence dates between divaricate species and their non-divaricate relatives, which suggest that the divaricate habit is fairly recent (< 10 My) in most cases.
Introducing Fractal Dimension for Interlaminar Shear and Tensile Strength Assessment of Mechanically Interlocked Polymer-Metal-Interfaces
Authors: Saborowski Erik , Steinert Philipp , Dittes Axel , Lindner Thomas , Schubert Andreas , Lampke Thomas
Published: April 2020

The interlaminar strength of mechanically interlocked polymer-metal-interfaces is strongly dependent on the surface structure of the metal component. Therefore, this contribution assesses the suitability of the fractal dimension for quantification of the surface structure as well as interlaminar strength prediction of aluminum/polyamide 6 polymer-metal-hybrids. Seven different surface structures, manufactured by blasting, combined blasting and etching, thermal spraying and laser ablation, are investigated. The experiments are carried out on a novel butt-bonded hollow cylinder testing method that allows shear and tensile strength determination with one specific specimen geometry. The fractal dimension of the metal surfaces is derived from cross-sectional images. For comparison, the surface roughness slope is determined and related to the interlaminar strength. Finally, a fracture analysis is conducted. For the investigated material combination, the experimental results indicate that the fractal dimension is an appropriate measure for predicting the interlaminar strength
The PENGARUH METODE MENGAJAR DAN MOTOR EDUCABILITY TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN RENANG GAYA KUPU-KUPU
Authors: Maulidin Maulidin
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh metode mengajar gaya latihan, dan metode mengajar dengan gaya komando terhadap keterampilan renang gaya kupu-kupu. Penelitian experiment dengan rancangan 2 X 2. Sampel sebanyak 60 orang untuk kemudian dilakukan tes motor educability, selanjutnya diurutkan berdasarkan skor tertinggi, dan diambil 27% kelompok atas dan 27%, masing-masing terdiri dari 15 mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data adalah dengan analisis varians (ANAVA) dua jalur dan dilanjutkan dengan uji tukey pada taraf signifikansi (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Metode mengajar gaya komando memiliki pengaruh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode mengajar gaya latihan tehadap keterampilan renang gaya kupu-kupu, 2) Terdapat interaksi antara gaya mengajar dengan metode latihan dan gaya mengajar komando dan motor educability tehadap keterampilan renang gaya kupu-kupu, 3) Metode mengajar gaya latihan memiliki pengaruh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode mengajar gaya komando bagi mahasiswa dengan kemampuan motor educability tinggi, 4) Metode mengajar gaya komando memiliki pengaruh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode mengajar gaya latihan bagi mahasiswa dengan kemampuan motor educability rendah.
Stress-related coping styles in myalgic university students: A case control study.
Authors: Soto-Goñi Xabier , Viñals Ana Cristina , Pérez-González Fabian , Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Domínguez-Gordillo Adelaida , Sánchez-Sánchez Teresa , Ardizone-García Ignacio , Jiménez-Ortega Laura
Published: April 2020

Background: Patients suffering pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMD) exhibit greater levels of psychological distress, environmental stress, somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, somatic awareness, pain catastrophizing, and impaired pain coping strategies compared to pain-free controls. However, little is known about psychological factors involved in the different TMD types fulfilling DC/TMD criteria. Furthermore, regardless of severity, the role of general coping strategies and styles in TMD is not yet well understood. The main goal of this study was to investigate stress-related coping styles, anxiety and personality traits in a group of dentistry students suffering from temporomandibular disorder with myalgia. Methods: A cohort of 102 university students was initially recruited for this study. Following clinical evaluation, a myalgia group (24 participants) and a control group (25 participants) were formed. Participants were later assessed in anxiety, stress coping strategies, and personality measures by using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), coping response inventory (CRI), and Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaires respectively.Results: The myalgia group presented greater levels of trait anxiety and neuroticism in comparison to the control group. Participants with myalgia also showed higher levels of avoidance coping which was the only reliable predictor of TMD. Conclusions: Avoidance coping strategies are generally considered maladaptive, as they seem to increase perceived stress, a robust predictor of TMD. Interventions aimed at reducing stress and anxiety levels, increase emotional stability, and preventing maladaptive coping styles, might improve temporomandibular health and prevent the myalgia and its chronification.
The impact of community-based health promotion on quality of life: The need to control for general health trends. The Northern Sweden MONICA Study in 2014
Authors: Spegel Elin , Ek Kristina , Söderberg Stefan , Eliasson Mats
Published: April 2020

Background: The Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) is a public health promotion programme in northern Sweden aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases. Its positive effects on disease risk factors and on the risk of coronary heart disease itself have been reported, although the evidence is not unequivocal. Since only historical controls have been used, effects from sources other than the programme have largely been uncontrolled for and health-related quality of life (QoL) has not been evaluated.Methods: By using the neighbouring county of Norrbotten (NB) as a reference population, we compare QoL in Västerbotten (VB) and NB. In 2014, the World Health Organization’s Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Study was implemented in northern Sweden, where random samples from VB and NB were examined. In total, 1112 participants between the ages of 40 to 74 participated: 516 in VB, and 594 in NB. Their QoL was measured with the three-level EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Differences in mean QoL between VB and NB were analysed via the Student’s t-test and the Pearson chi-square test.Results: Average QoL measured by the EQ-5D index was 0.798 in VB and 0.811 in NB, i.e. a difference of 0.013 (p = 0.2; confidence interval/CI -0.009 to 0.036). For participants aged 45–54, the QoL was lower in VB than in NB, showing a difference of 0.048 (p = 0.041; CI 0.002 to 0.0094). In NB, QoL decreased with age – a pattern not seen in VB. Men had higher QoL than women, and participants with a university education had higher QoL than those without one. The vertical visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) showed similar results. Participants from NB and from VB did not differ regarding age, gender or level of education.Conclusions: We found similar levels of health-related QoL in VB and NB.Trial registration: Not applicable
COX5A over-expression protects cortical neurons from hypoxic ischemic injury in neonatal rats associated with TPI up-regulation
Authors: Jiang Ya , Bai Xue , Li Ting-Ting , Hawwas Mohammed AL , Jin Yuan , Zou Yu , Hu Yue , Liu Lin-Yi , Zhang Ying , Liu Qing , Yang Hao , Ma Jun , Wang Tinghua , Liu Jia , Xiong Liu-Lin
Published: April 2020

Background: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) represents as a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms in brain damage are still not fully elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the specific potential molecular mechanism in the hypoxic-ischemic induced cerebral injury.Methods: Here, hypoxic-ischemic (HI) animal models were established and primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic HIE model in-vivo and in-vitro. The HI-induced neurological injury was evaluated by Zea-longa scores, Triphenyte-trazoliumchloride (TTC) staining the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferased Utp Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescent staining. Then the expression of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a (COX5A) was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Moreover, HSV-mediated COX5A over-expression virus was transducted into OGD neurons to explore the role of COX5A in-vitro, and the underlying mechanism was predicted by GeneMANIA, then verified by WB and qRT-PCR. Results: HI induced a severe neurological dysfunction, brain infarction, and cell apoptosis as well as obvious neuron loss in neonatal rats, in corresponding to the decrease on the expression of COX5A in both sides of the brain. What’s more, COX5A over-expression significantly promoted the neuronal survival, reduced the apoptosis rate, and markedly increased the neurites length after OGD. Moreover, Triosephosephate isomerase (TPI) was predicted as physical interactions with COX5A, and COX5A over-expression largely increased the expressional level of TPI. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that COX5A plays an important role in promoting neurological recovery after HI, and this process is related to TPI up-regulation.
The prediction and risk point score (RPS) of high frequency hearing loss in noise exposed workers
Authors: Sun Ruican , Shang Weiwei , Cao Yingqiong , Lan Yajia
Published: April 2020

Background: Occupational hearing loss is a significant occupational health concern in many countries, and high frequency hearing loss (HFHL) is an early symptom. Based on realistic demands, we aimed to build a prediction risk model of HFHL and developed the related risk point score (RPS). The results of this study are expected to provide technological support for interventions and management to enhance application-oriented research of HFHL.Methods: A total of 32121 participants who were noise exposed workers were enrolled. The datasets from the National key occupational diseases survey (NKODS) performed from 2014 to 2017 in Sichuan Province in China were utilized. The sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were assessed by standardized questionnaires, and the level of HFHL were collected by audiometric testing and was defined as a binaural high frequency threshold average (BHFTA) over 40 dB in the right and left ears. The risk prediction models were generated by linear logistic regression, and based on the models, the risk point score (RPS) of HFHL were calculated. Results: Of the 32121 participants in the study, 9.97% (n=4029) of workers had HFHL (BHFTA ≥ 40 dB). Age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.071–1.083), sex (OR=3.34, 95% CI: 2.880–3.636), noise exposure time (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.008–1.018), manufacturing industry (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.302–1.647), construction industry (OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.488–3.069), mining industry (OR=2.57, 95% CI: 2.225–2.957), foreign enterprise (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.781–1.122), and private enterprise (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.200–1.442) were predictors of HFHL (P<0.05). By comparing the two risk prediction models, the 40 dB HL criterion model was found to be more effective than the 25 dB HL criterion model (AUC=0.637). Verification of the two models revealed that the 25 dB HL criterion model was more stable than the 40 dB HL criterion.Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of HFHL was moderate in Sichuan Province. Sex, age, noise exposure years, and employment in the manufacturing industry, construction industry, mining industry, foreign enterprise, or private enterprise were predictors of HFHL, and the development of the RPS of HFHL is necessary for application-oriented research on HFHL.
Characterization of an H6N1 avian influenza virus from an illegally imported product
Authors: wang yan , jiang ming wen , li ping jin , zhang ping lei , zhang qiang , li yang chun
Published: April 2020

Background : H6N1 is low pathogenic virus commonly found in wild and domestic birds across many continents. To investigate the infective status of imported food, we detected avian influenza virus (AIV) in illegally imported frozen food from international flight. Methods : The virus was isolated, the complete genome was sequenced, and the pathogenicity was tested. PQIATR/G was found in the motif of the HA cleavage site of the isolated strain, which conforms to the molecular characteristics of a low pathogenic AIV. The amino acid residues at positions 186, 190, 226, and 228 of the HA protein receptor binding sites were proline (P), valine (V), glutamine (Q), serine (S), respectively, exhibiting the molecular characteristics required to bind to human-like receptors. The SPF chicken test showed that the IVPI was 0 and the virus was a low pathogenic AIV. The infectious results in BALB/c mice showed that the isolate could be replicated in the lower respiratory tract of mice. Mice infected with a high dose of the virus displayed moderate weight loss but no obvious clinical symptoms. Results :The results of the sequence analysis showed that the avian influenza virus was of the H6N1 subtype, which shared the highest nucleotide identity with the AIV subtypes prevalent in Taiwan province. Conclusions : It is important to intensily monitor the illegal carrying.
Schizophrenia in The Context of Mental Health Services in Palestine: a literature review
Authors: Marie Mohammad , Shaabna Zareefa , Saleh Manahel
Published: April 2020

Background: Mental health conditions remain a significant cause of disability in the Arab World. Palestinians are predominantly at a higher risk for mental health problems due to their chronic exposure to political violence, prolonged displacement, and others as limited professional, educational, financial opportunities and mental health services. Schizophrenia is an overwhelming mental illness that affects nearly one percent of the various populations throughout the world. Studies have shown patients with schizophrenia die prematurely and have lower life expectancy compared to the general population. Moreover, antipsychotic medications and client’s lifestyle play a significant role in increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. The present study willingly undertakes a literature review on schizophrenia in the context of mental health services in Palestine.Methods: Studies were identified through PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Semantic Scholar and Elsevier.Results: Twenty-four studies were included in this review; eleven articles related to schizophrenia and thirteen articles related to mental health services in Westbank and Gaza. Results revealed the life of patients with schizophrenia in Palestine is complicated. Barriers as lacking awareness about mental illness, stigma, inconsistent availability of medications, absence of multidisciplinary teamwork, insufficient specialists, fragmented mental health system, occupation, and other obstacles stand in the face of improving the quality of life among these patients.Limitations: Palestine is a state that is seeking independence with a scarcity of resources. It has been described as “uncharted territories'' due to a lack of data, resources and records. As a result, there is insufficient data regarding schizophrenia in Palestine. Therefore, a thesis study that estimated Ten years’ risk of coronary heart diseases in patients with schizophrenia was included.Conclusions: Recommendations include ending the occupation as the leading cause of mental illness for Palestinians and implementing efficient and effective mental health nursing care through the multidisciplinary work and raising awareness regarding mental illness to fight the stigma.
Laboratory characteristics of patients with variant Phiadelphia chromosome positive leukemia
Authors: Song Qiling , Guo Yangliu , Wang Dongsheng , Liu Qingsong
Published: April 2020

Background Variant Philadelphia chromosomes are characterized by the involvement of another chromosome in addition to chromosome 9 or 22. To detect the difference between variant Philadelphia chromosomes positive leukemia and classic Philadelphia chromosomes positive leukemia. And to help diagnose and treat variant Philadelphia chromosomes positive leukemia. Methods In this study, Peripheral blood and bone morrow cell morphology test was used to analysis bone morphology of variant Ph positive patients. Karyotype analysis was used to find out variant Ph chromosomes. Flow cytometry analysis was used for immunology analysis. BCR/ABL was detected by PCR to monitor change of molecular genetics in variant Ph positive patients. Results From 48 patients with Ph positive leukemia, we found out 3 variant Ph positive leukemia. Compared with the classic Ph positive leukemia patients, the hemogram in the variant Ph positive leukemia patients was more variant for presenting hypomyelodysplasia or hyperactive. Compared with classic chronic myeloid leukemia which neutrophilic myelocyte, metamyelocyte and stab granulocyte is increasing in, both the morphological testing of bone marrow cells smear and flow cytometry analysis were indicated that proportion of myeloblast and promyelocyte increased in variant Philadelphia chromosomes leukemia. What’s more, the variant Ph with breakpoint 4q31 was the first report in leukemia patient. Same as the classic Ph positive leukemia patient, formal and effective treatment could prolong the survival of patients with variant Ph positive leukemia. Conclusions Compared with classic Ph positive leukemia, the hemogram was more variant in variant Ph. The myeloid morphology in the patients with variant Ph was more immature than that of in the patients with classic Ph. Reporting new cases of complex variant translocations, which can refer to new breakpoints that can eventually be recurrent and important for the understanding of this leukemia. Formal and effective treatment are necessary for variant Ph positve leukemia.
Propranolol induced apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Shujun , Fan Suzhen , Shi Yanyu , Ren Hongyan , Hong Hanqing , Gao Xiang , Zhang Min , Qin Qiaohong , Li Hongyu
Published: April 2020

Background: Propranolol has a significant anti-cancer effect on various cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the therapeutic effect of Propranolol on the ovarian cancer.Materials and methods: The effect of Propranolol on cell viability was examined by MTT analysis. Cellular apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Autophagy was defined by autophagosome observed by confocal microscopy after infected with GFP-LC3 adenovirus. In addition, the expression of marker proteins involved in cell apoptosis, autophagy, and ROS/JNK signaling pathway were estimated by Western Blotting assay.Results: Propranolol significantly reduced the viability of human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and A2780 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Propranolol induced the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and resulted in apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA markedly enhanced the Propranolol-induced apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated dramatically increased after Propranolol treatment and Propranolol activated the phosphorylation of JNK. What is more, p38 inhibitor SB203580 and JNK inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the upregulated expression of LC3-II and cleaved-caspase-3 by the effect of Propranolol. ROS exclusive inhibitor antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) weaken the phosphorylation of JNK proteins induced by Propranolol.Conclusions：In summary, our results suggested that Propranolol induced cell apoptosis and protective autophagy through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in human ovarian cancer cells.
Indomethacin sensitizes human lung cancer cells to DDP through autophagy activation in a mouse model
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Liu Debao , Yang Tong , Zhang Yuehua , Li Yan , Zhao Guoli , Zhang Xiaoyue , Wang Zhaopeng , Zhao Qianqian , Niu Shiying
Published: April 2020

Background: Indomethacin is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) , and it was considered to have chemosensitization effects on many cancers, however, the mechanism of its effect on chemotherapy is still unclear. In this study, using human lung cancer SPC-A-1 cells, we examined the effects of indomethacin sensitize s human lung cancer cells to cisplatin (DDP). Methods: Human lung cancer SPC-A-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c-nu/nu mice, and all the transplanted nude mice were divided into a control group, a DDP group and a indomethacin combined with DDP group , after daily treatment for 4 weeks a ll the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Immunohisto-chemical staining was employed to determine the expression of PCNA of lung tumor cell in the tumor tissues, western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein LC3-II and P62 What’s more, the formation of antophagosomes was observed through transmission electron microscope. Results: Compared with the control group and DDP group, we can find that tumor growth is very slow in indomethacin combined with DDP group , and the tumor weight decreased significantly in combined group. H&E staining reveal s that tumor cell necrosis is more obvious in combined group . The immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the expression of PCNA was much lower in combined group . than that in control and DDP group s.More importantly, western blot results show that the expression of LC3-II was significantly up-regulated in combined group than that in control group and DDP group ( P < 0.05 ) , and the expression of p62 protein was significantly down-regulated in combined group ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, transmission electron microscope results show that compared with the control group and DDP group, the number of antophagosomes increased significantly in combined group. Conclusions : Our findings suggested that indomethacin can enhance the chemo s ensitivity of lung cancer cells to DDP, and the underlying mechanism maybe associated with the activation of autophagy.
Infrastructure and Manufacturing Value Added in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Nnadozie Obianuju , Raifu Isiaka Akande
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the nexus between infrastructure and manufacturing value added (MVA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It employs panel data for 34 SSA countries spanning 2003 to 2018. The empirical results obtained from the static and dynamic panel estimation techniques applied suggest that infrastructure is essential for the improvement of manufacturing value added in SSA. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the infrastructure-MVA nexus varies by infrastructure types (electricity, transportation, information and communication technology (ICT) and water and sanitation) and across the different sub-regions that make up SSA. This study therefore posits that massive investment in infrastructure is a viable policy option for enhancing the growth and development of the manufacturing sector in SSA.
Synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CD19 CAR-T cells on Raji cells in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Liu Meijing , Wang Xuelin , LI Zheng , Zhang Rui , Mu Juan , Jiang Yanyu , Sun Lei , Deng Qi
Published: April 2020

Background

Ibrutinib might improve the efficacy of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We expect to study the possibility and mechanism of synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CAR-T cells in other types of lymphoma.

Methods

We selected the CD19 CAR-T cells of a patient who failed in this therapy and a dose of 8 mg/kg/day ibrutinib to study the synergistic effect. Subcutaneous and tail vein tumorigenic mice were established with Raji cells. The differences of the synergistic effect between these two models were compared by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) monitoring and flow cytometry (FCM). Then the expression of STAT-3 signaling pathway was assessed by western blot analysis.

Results

The expression of PD-L1 was 0.23±0.06% in Raji cells. In subcutaneous tumorigenic model, the luciferase signal was reduced significantly in the ibrutinib combined with CD19 CAR-T cell group. The proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells was higher in the polytherapy group than that of the CAR-T cell monotherapy group. But we didn't get analogous synergistic effect in tail vein tumorigenic model. There was no difference between the STAT-3 signaling pathway expression in residual tumor cells with or without ibrutinib.

Conclusions

Our result might indicate that no IL-10/STAT-3/PD-L1 pathway were involved in the synergistic effect. Then some other mechanism about tumor microenvironment might be a possible target for ibrutinib. We expect our results provide evidence for the use of ibrutinib in polytherapy to other types of B cell lymphoma.
Impact Of Trade Facilitation On Extensive Margin: A Ppml Panel Gravity Equation Approach
Authors: Alaamshani Imad Kareem , Hamzah Hanny Zurina , Kaliappan Shivee Ranjanee , Ismail Normaz Wana
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the link between trade facilitation and extensive margin for 111 countries over the period of 2008 to 2014. The study employs a panel pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) method to estimate the model. We measure trade facilitation using more comprehensive measures of enabling trade index (ETI); market access, border administration, transport and communication infrastructure, and business environment. The novelty in using ETI is a comprehensive index that takes into account the effects of factors, policies, and services facilitating the free flow of goods over borders and to the destination. The paper has four major findings. Our results highlight that better trade facilitation leads the countries to export, import more diversified, and a wider range of products. Second, improvement in the business environment and transport and communication infrastructure in trade facilitation yield the highest return in terms of increasing the number of exported products. Third, border administration coming as the second most important factor in affecting extensive margin. Forth and most interestingly, despite economic integration, there is a considerably stronger effect on the side of exporter’s trade facilitation, which shows large unexploited gains, to be reaped on the side of exporter countries trade facilitation.
Clinical features in mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Peng Liang , Xu Wenxiong , Luo Qiumin , Chen Dabiao , Lei Ziying , Chen Yuanli , Wang Juan , Li Xuejun , Huang Zhanlian , Lin Bingliang , Gao Zhiliang , Liu Jing
Published: April 2020

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan and spread to the world quickly. We aim to describe the clinical features and compare them between mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Patients’ demographic data and clinical features were recorded and compared between mild type and severe type. Results: Fifteen patients were confirmed COVID-19 and enrolled in this study. Six patients were of mild type, while 9 patients were of severe type. Statistical differences were found between mild type and severe type patients in retirement, epidemiological history, baseline blood level of lactate dehydrogenase and Oxygenation Index (All p < 0.05). All patients had ground-glass opacities without consolidation in initial chest computed tomography images, 2 (16.7%) patients had pulmonary nodules. There were no statistical differences between mild type and severe type patients in initial chest CT findings (All p > 0.05). Conclusions: Differences can be found in baseline clinical features between mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients to help health care providers making early judgement to the severity and proper treatment. Trial registration: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04279782. Registered 20 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04279782?term=NCT04279782&draw=2&rank=1
Chang-Kang-Fang Ameliorates Experimental Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Gut -Brain Axis
Authors: Xie Hui , Lu Min , Fan Xinyu , Hu Jingyi , Zheng Yuanyuan , Weiqian Kong , Ji Ruyi
Published: April 2020

Background: Chang-Kang-Fang formula (CKF), a multi-herb traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been clinically used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). Though we have reported the compounds of CKF and the therapeutic effect on IBS-D rats, the exact mechanism underlying is still not clear. The aim of this study is to clearly define the effect of CKF on IBS-D by regulating gut microbiota and gut-brain axis. Method: We investigated the effects of CKF on IBS-D rat model, established by psychosocial stress (restraint) combined with the peripheral stimulation (senna leaf gavage) stress. The changed of body weight and the number of fecal pellets was investigated during the experiment. The effect on intestinal sensitivity was assessed based on the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores and the intestinal permeability, the expression of ZO-1, measured by immunohistochemistry. The effect of CKF on gut-brain axis was evaluated by the expression of 5-HT through immunohistochemistry. The composition of gut microbiota was detected through 16sRNA. Results: Administration of CKF significantly have shown the therapeutic effect on IBS-D rats, involving decreased the score of AWR and increased the number of pellets, though there were no different on body weight change. In addition, CKF could upregulated the expression of ZO-1 in colon and downregulated the expression of 5-HT in colon and brain Moreover, CKF could rebalance the gut microbiota of IBS-D, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillu, Allobaculum, Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136. Conclusion: CKF potentially alleviates IBS-D through regulating gut microbiota and gut-brain axis.
An experiment of health services and additional microcredit in 128 villages of Bangladesh
Authors: Becker Stan , Amin Ruhul , Chakraborty Nirali , Zimmerman Linnea
Published: April 2020

BackgroundStudies in the literature have found mixed results on the effect of microcredit on health outcomes. Of the five previous experimental studies that included microcredit and a health intervention, three reported no significant changes in health status or behaviors.MethodsThis study consisted of a 4-celled experimental design in 128 villages in rural Bangladesh to test for marginal and interactive effects of increased microcredit and provision of basic health services. For villages in one cell, an additional microcredit worker was assigned. For those in a second cell, a Health Assistant visited households each month, provided simple medicines and announced a satellite clinic held monthly in each village. For a third cell, both interventions were combined, and villages in a fourth cell served as control. Baseline questionnaires were completed with a sample of 3933 women (98.7% completed) and, three years later, attempts were made to re-interview the same women (93.7% completed). Outcome measures were food security, contraceptive use, having a trained birth attendant at last birth, and measles immunization. ResultsComparison of follow-up with baseline levels of the four outcome measures showed significant improvement in food security in all study arms and a significant increase in trained birth attendant at last birth in the health services villages. Due to confusion within Grameen Bank about which workers would provide the additional microcredit work, that intervention was poorly implemented so in mulitivariate analyses, the data for that intervention arm were grouped with data from the control arm. Logistic regression with values of the outcomes at follow-up as dependent variable and study arm and women’s schooling as covariates (women’s schooling was the one covariate that was not balanced across study arms) showed no significant effects of either separate or grouped study arms. ConclusionTwo of the three health behaviors showed no significant changes over time but having a trained birth attendant at last delivery did increase significantly in the health services arm. Therefore community health education can sometimes be effective in promoting healthy behaviors.
Do institutions, financial and trade openness matter for financial development? Evidence from Muslim Countries
Authors: Ali Amjad , Muhammad Faqeer , Karim Rehmat
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the influence of institutional, financial openness and trade openness on financial development in the case of 26 Muslim countries. For this purpose, panel data have been taken from world development indicators for the period 2002-2014 and the panel data model has been estimated using fixed effect random effect models. The findings of this paper have highlighted the role of institutions, trade and financial openness in financial development. The results show that the quality of institution, trade openness and economic growth have significant and positive effect on financial development. Keeping in view the results, it is recommended that Muslim countries should focus on adopting free trade policies, maintaining law and order situation, elimination of corruption and enhancing the quality of institutions for financial sector development.