bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two‐year prospective study assessing the performance of fetal chromosomal microarray analysis and next‐generation sequencing in high‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Ridnõi Konstantin , Muru Kai , Keernik Maria , Pajusalu Sander , Ustav Eva‐Liina , Tammur Pille , Mölter‐Väär Triin , Kahre Tiina , Šamarina Ustina , Asser Karin , Szirko Ferenc , Reimand Tiia , Õunap Katrin
Published: September 2021

Background

Introduction of cell‐free fetal DNA (cff‐DNA) testing in maternal blood opened possibilities to improve the performance of combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) in terms of better detection of trisomies and lowering invasive testing rate. The use of new molecular methods, such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS), has shown benefits in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal and genetic diseases, which are not detectable with cff‐DNA screening, but require an invasive procedure.

Methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively during two years performance of CMA and NGS in high‐risk pregnancies. Initially, we investigated 14,566 singleton pregnancies with cFTS. A total of 334 high‐risk pregnancies were selected for CMA diagnostic performance evaluation and 28 cases of highly dysmorphic fetuses for NGS analysis. CMA study group was divided into two groups based on the indications for testing; group A patients with high‐risk for trisomies after cFTS, but normal ultrasound and group B patients who met criteria for CMA as a first‐tier diagnostic test.

Results

The diagnostic yield of CMA was overall 3.6% (1.6% in Group A and 6.0% in Group B). In NGS analysis group, we report diagnostic yield of 17.9%.

Conclusion

The use of CMA in high‐risk pregnancies is justified and provides relevant clinical information in 3.6% of the cases. NGS analysis in fetuses with multiple anomalies shows promising results, but more investigations are needed for a better understanding of practical applications of this molecular diagnosis method in prenatal settings.
Alterations in fast‐twitch muscle membrane conductance regulation do not explain decreased muscle function of SOD1G93A rats
Authors: Leermakers Pieter A. , Skov Martin , Riisager Anders , Nielsen Ole B. , Pedersen Thomas H.
Published: September 2021

Introduction/Aims

Both neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction and altered electrophysiological properties of muscle fibers have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. ALS‐related preclinical studies typically use rodent SOD1G93A overexpression models, but translation to the human disease has been challenged. The present work explored NMJ function and cellular electrophysiological properties of muscles fibers in SOD1G93A overexpression rats.

Methods

Longitudinal studies of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were performed in SOD1G93A rats. Cellular studies were performed to evaluate electrophysiological properties of muscle fibers, including the resting membrane conductance (Gm) and its regulation during prolonged action potential (AP) firing.

Results

SOD1G93A rats showed a substantial loss of gastrocnemius CMAP amplitude (35.8 mV, P < .001) and a minor increase in CMAP decrement (8.5%, P = .002) at 25 weeks. In addition, SOD1G93A EDL muscle fibers showed a lower baseline Gm (wild‐type, 1325 μS/cm2; SOD1G93A, 1137 μS/cm2; P < .001) and minor alterations in Gm regulation during repeated firing of APs as compared with wild‐type rats.

Discussion

The current data suggest that loss of CMAP amplitude is largely explained by defects in either lower motor neuron or skeletal muscle with only minor indications of a role for neuromuscular transmission defects in SOD1G93A rats. Electrophysiological properties of muscle fibers were not markedly affected, and an elevated Gm, as has been reported in motor neuron disease (MND) patients, was not replicated in SOD1G93A muscles. Collectively, the neuromuscular pathology of SOD1G93A rats appears to differ from that of ALS/MND patients with respect to neuromuscular transmission defects and electrophysiological properties of muscle fibers.
Children with progressive and relapsed pleuropulmonary blastoma: A European collaborative analysis
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Tagarelli Arianna , Seitz Guido , Sorg Benjamin , Bien Ewa , Bel‐Ami Tal , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Lopez Almaraz Ricardo , Koscielniak Ewa , Ferrari Andrea , Orbach Daniel , Bisogno Gianni ,   EXPeRT and CWS Study Groups
Published: September 2021

Background

Children with progressive (PD) or relapsed disease (RD) of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) type II/III are known to have a very poor outcome.

Methods

A retrospective review of children registered in national and European databases and trials (2000–2018) with diagnosis of PPB type II/III and PD or RD was performed.

Results

A total of 35 patients with PPB were analysed: patients with PD (n = 9) and RD (n = 26). Patients experienced PD at the median age of 3.9 years [range, 0.5–17.8] despite surgery, chemotherapy (CHT, n = 9) and radiotherapy (RT, n = 1) with a median time to progression of 0.58 years [range, 0.02–1.27] from diagnosis. All of them died. Patients suffered from RD at the median age of 4.3 years [1.7–15.1], median delay to relapse 1.03 years [range, 0.03–2.95]. RD occurred locally (n = 12), combined (n = 1) and in metastatic sites (n = 13): central nervous system (n = 11) and unspecified site (n = 2). Patients were treated with salvage CHT (n = 20), surgery (n = 10) ± RT (n = 10). After a median follow‐up of 4.2 years [range, 2.1–14.6], a second complete remission (CR) was achieved in nine out of 26 patients. Patients were alive in the second CR (n = 6), in the third CR (n = 1), in partial remission (n = 2) and lost of follow‐up (n = 1). Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with RD were both 37% (±19, CI 95%). Local therapy (surgery, RT) had a favourable impact on OS (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Cure of patients with RD of PPB type II/III with multimodal treatment is possible but rare. Progressive PPB is fatal and patients need new treatment options.
An investigation into mechanical properties of jute–polyester laminates for numerical prediction of strength and failure
Authors: Karthika Muthuthevar Ramamoorthy , Deb Anindya , Venkatesh Gude Subbaraya
Published: September 2021

The study of natural fiber–based composites, which are being seen as a potential eco‐friendly alternative to popular synthetic fiber–reinforced composites, has, of late, gained considerable momentum. Replacing the latter composites is, however, an uphill task especially for advanced mechanical and structural engineering applications, which often require assessment of behaviors of materials and components numerically till failure. An implied scenario, for example, would be to design automotive body components using natural fiber–reinforced composites of sufficient strength for meeting crashworthiness requirements. In the current study, bi‐directionally woven jute fabric, due to its established supply base and consistent quality, has been chosen along with a general purpose polyester resin for fabrication of laminates of high fiber volume fraction obtained by combining the hand layup method with compression molding. A detailed and comprehensive mechanical characterization includes, for the first time, determination of tensile, compressive, shear, and flexural behaviors of jute–polyester laminates in a single unified study. The consistency of the generated mechanical properties, including deployment of secant moduli instead of conventional initial tangent moduli, in a finite element constitutive model is established by predicting the test‐based stress–strain or load–displacement behaviors and failure modes using a commercially available explicit nonlinear dynamic analysis code viz. LS‐DYNA.
Generalized homogenization of linear observers: Theory and experiment
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Polyakov Andrey , Zheng Gang
Published: September 2021

A procedure of upgrading a linear observer to homogeneous (nonlinear) one is proposed and validated by experiment. The nonlinear observer design is based on the concept of a linear geometric homogeneity. The simple procedure developed to apply the homogeneous nonlinear observer is based on the parameters provided by the linear observer, which is potential for many applications to improve their performance. A saturation function is introduced to guarantee the improvement of estimation quality. Finally the theoretical results are confirmed by the QDrone platform of Quanser.
Anthracene‐Based Triazolyl Triethoxysilanes as Selective and Colorimetric Sensor for Cysteine: Rationalization towards Stability Factors, Therapeutics Evaluation and Molecular Docking
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Pawan  , Mohit  , Sushma  , Singh Baljinder , GonzálezSilverac D. , Espinosa‐Ruízc Cristóbal , Estebanc María Angeles , Kaur Amarjit
Published: September 2021

Increased demand of potentialtherapeutics has stimulated an expeditious search of new organosilicon analogues in the field of drug designing and as sensor of essential nutrients. Herein, we design anthracene based triazolyl triethoxysilanes ATES(1–7) tethered via click chemistry and carried out introspection into their sensing ability towards free amino acids using UV‐vis spectroscopy and prospective bioactivities with annotation of hydrolytic, thermal and pH stability factors. The formulated compounds have been thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C) and thermal analysis TGA/DTG/DSC to further support the stability and identify the melting temperatures. ATES 3 exhibits as a highly selective and colorimetric sensor for Cysteine (Cys) with limit of detection (LOD) is 5.7×10−6 M. In order to assess the pharmacokinetic profiles of synthesized compounds, their antibacterial, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties were also tested and investigations established them as promising drug candidates. Furthermore, Molecular docking analysis was performedto analyze the binding conformations of compounds ATES 2 and ATES 3 with Mutant p53 anti‐tumor protein and result reveals that compounds ATES 2 and ATES 3 confers good inhibitory response towards Mutant p53 anti‐tumor protein. The current studies have shed a light on simple and easy optical detection of Cysteine, binding ability with anti‐tumor protein residues and biological applications of synthesized compounds.
Synthesis of Anatase/Brookite Mixed Phase TiO2 Nanostructures and its Photocatalytic Performance Study
Authors: Jawale Niteen S. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Umarji Govind G. , Rane Sunit B.
Published: September 2021

The TiO2 nanostructures were prepared using hydrothermal reaction technique at different reaction temperatures viz., 120 °C, 160 °C, and 200 °C for 24 h. The synthesized TiO2 nanostructures was characterised by various spectroscopic techniques. XRD indicate the formation of highly crystalline nano size particles of anatase phase of TiO2 along with minor percentage of brookite phase. Diffuse reflectance UV‐Visible spectroscopy depicts the band gap around 3.2 eV. The FE‐SEM shows formation of spherical particles having size in the range of 5 to 10 nm, however the small particles tend to agglomerate leading to the formation of submicron size clusters. TEM analysis confirms the formation of nanostructured TiO2 having size in the range of 5 to 10 nm with distorted spherical shaped morphology. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized TiO2 was investigated by observing the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye and H2 generation via water splitting under 400 W mercury vapour lamp respectively. Among the prepared samples, the TiO2 prepared at 160 °C, showed highest MB degradation (97 %) within 1 h of irradiation time. The photocatalytic H2 generation via water splitting was also investigated and found to be highest for TiO2 prepared at 160 °C, the observed rate of H2 generation was 3848 μmol/0.1 g in 4 h is almost twelve fold higher than the pure anatase phase.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Sacubitril
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Gehlawat Anju , Prakash Ranjana , Pandey Satyendra Kumar
Published: September 2021

An efficient enantioselective approach of Sacubitril 1 (a NEP inhibitor) which is used as a combination drug with Valsartan to treat heart failure, is described. The synthesis features the Evan's asymmetric alkylation, Sharpless asymmetric diydroxylation (AD) and Heck coupling reactions as key steps.
Exploration of Two Different Strategies in Near IR Absorbing Boron Dipyrromethene Derivatives for Photodynamic and Bioimaging Purposes
Authors: Can Büşra , Çakmak Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method for the treatment of non‐oncological diseases and different types of cancers. Here, we report the synthesis and photophysical investigations of two different near IR absorbing classes of Boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) photosensitizers to be used in PDT and for fluorescent bioimaging purposes. Successful utilization of benzofused Bodipy derivatives in other areas have encouraged us to exploit singlet oxygen generation abilities in comparison to a unique distyryl derivative (STBOD). In vitro cytotoxicity and fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that benzofused derivative (BFBOD) is an effective PDT agent at concentrations as low as 40 nM. Analysis with singlet oxygen trap molecule shows that distyryl derivative is more effective in terms of singlet oxygen formation ability. Furthermore, the same compound has higher fluorescence quantum yield. Novel agents including benzofused Bodipy derivatives are used for the first time by this study to expand the photosensitizer pool so to be used for various applications.
Electrophysiological Characterization of Photoreceptor-Like Cells in Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids During in Vitro Maturation
Authors: Li Lingyun , Zhao Huan , Xie Haohuan , Akhtar Tasneem , Yao Yichuan , Cai Yuan , Dong Kai , Gu Yonghao , Bao Jin , Chen Jutao , Zhang Mei , Zhong Kai , Xu Weiping , Xue Tian
Published: September 2021

Retinal organoids (ROs) derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibit considerable therapeutic potential. However, current quality control of ROs during in vitro differentiation is largely limited to the detection of molecular markers, often by immunostaining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing, often without proper functional assessments. As such, in the current study, we systemically characterized the physiological maturation of photoreceptor-like cells in hiPSC-derived ROs. By performing patch-clamp recordings from photoreceptor-like cells in ROs at distinct differentiation stages (ie, Differentiation Day [D]90, D150, and D200), we determined the electrophysiological properties of the plasma membrane and several characteristic ion channels closely associated with the physiological functions of the photoreceptors. Ionic hallmarks, such as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, matured progressively during differentiation. After D200 in culture, these characteristic currents closely resembled those in macaque or human native photoreceptors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the hyperpolarization-activated inward current/depolarization-activated outward current ratio (I−120/I+40), termed as the inward-outward current (IOC) ratio hereon, accurately represented the maturity of photoreceptors and could serve as a sensitive indicator of pathological state. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive dataset describing the electrophysiological maturation of photoreceptor-like cells in hiPSC-derived ROs for precise and sensitive quality control during RO differentiation.
Transplanted Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors Elicit Conventional and Unusual Light Responses in Mice With Advanced Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Zerti Darin , Hilgen Gerrit , Dorgau Birthe , Collin Joseph , Ader Marius , Armstrong Lyle , Sernagor Evelyne , Lako Majlinda
Published: September 2021

Retinal dystrophies often lead to blindness. Developing therapeutic interventions to restore vision is therefore of paramount importance. Here we demonstrate the ability of pluripotent stem cell-derived cone precursors to engraft and restore light responses in the Pde6brd1 mouse, an end-stage photoreceptor degeneration model. Our data show that up to 1.5% of precursors integrate into the host retina, differentiate into cones, and engraft in close apposition to the host bipolar cells. Half of the transplanted mice exhibited visual behavior and of these 33% showed binocular light sensitivity. The majority of retinal ganglion cells exhibited contrast-sensitive ON, OFF or ON-OFF light responses and even motion sensitivity; however, quite a few exhibited unusual responses (eg, light-induced suppression), presumably reflecting remodeling of the neural retina. Our data indicate that despite relatively low engraftment yield, pluripotent stem cell-derived cone precursors can elicit light responsiveness even at advanced degeneration stages. Further work is needed to improve engraftment yield and counteract retinal remodeling to achieve useful clinical applications.
Mitochondrial Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Macrophages Restricts Inflammation and Alleviates Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice via PGC-1α Activation
Authors: Yuan Yujia , Yuan Longhui , Li Lan , Liu Fei , Liu Jingping , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Lu Yanrong
Published: September 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have fueled ample translation for treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Our previous study had demonstrated that MSCs could elicit macrophages (Mφ) into anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and alleviate kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice via improving mitochondrial function of Mφ, yet the specific mechanism was unclear. Recent evidence indicated that MSCs communicated with their microenvironment through exchanges of mitochondria. By a coculture system consisting of MSCs and Mφ, we showed that MSCs-derived mitochondria (MSCs-Mito) were transferred into Mφ, and the mitochondrial functions were improved, which contributed to M2 polarization. Furthermore, we found that MSCs-Mito transfer activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, PGC-1α interacted with TFEB in high glucose-induced Mφ, leading to the elevated lysosome-autophagy, which was essential to removal of damaged mitochondria. As a result, in Mφ, the mitochondrial bioenergy and capacity to combat inflammatory response were enhanced. Whereas, the immune-regulatory activity of MSCs-Mito was significantly blocked in PGC-1α knockdown Mφ. More importantly, MSCs-Mito transfer could be observed in DN mice, and the adoptive transfer of MSCs-Mito educated Mφ (MφMito) inhibited the inflammatory response and alleviated kidney injury. However, the kidney-protective effects of MφMito were abolished when the MSCs-Mito was impaired with rotenone, and the similar results were also observed when MφMito were transfected with sipgc-1α before administration. Collectively, these findings suggested that MSCs elicited Mφ into anti-inflammatory phenotype and ameliorated kidney injury through mitochondrial transfer in DN mice, and the effects were relied on PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α/TFEB-mediated lysosome-autophagy.
Language and Words: How Vocabulary Teaching Indexes Teacher Histories and Beliefs about Language
Authors: Ardell Lillian
Published: September 2021

To support emergent bilinguals in the content area classroom, applied linguists suggest teachers add metalinguistic conversations to their pedagogical repertoire. However, such language‐centered pedagogies may become difficult to enact when a teacher sees language at the word level. This comparative teacher case study explores how teacher Pedagogical Language Knowledge was observed in two upper elementary teachers working with emergent bilinguals in the social studies classroom. Through a novel discourse analytic scheme that traces a teacher’s linguistic dispositions, I examine the relationship between beliefs about language and instructional practice that reveal teachers place a disproportionate emphasis on vocabulary study. Findings endorse professional support initiatives that allow teachers to explore their histories as language learners while offering sustained exposure to how non‐lexical features of academic language may be embedded into disciplinary instruction.
Immersive Virtual Reality for Pragmatics Task Development
Authors: Taguchi Naoko
Published: September 2021

This study intends to contribute to the methodological debate into L2 pragmatics research by examining the usability of immersive virtual reality (VR) for developing a pragmatics task. The study compared participants’ speech act performance between two closed role‐play tasks using different mediums: computer‐based and VR‐based. Sixty‐two native and nonnative speakers of English completed both tasks eliciting speech acts (requests, refusals, and opinions). The impact of task medium was assessed on oral fluency and use of speech act strategies. Both groups spoke more slowly and used more modification devices in the VR‐based speech acts; However, the directness level of the main speech act strategies was similar between the two task mediums. In the speech act situations involving a large social distance, unequal power relationship and a high degree of imposition, speech rates were slower and the use of modifications was greater than those involving a small social distance, equal power relationship and a low degree of imposition. While the native speaker group used fewer direct strategies in the former situation type regardless the task medium, the nonnative speaker group was less direct in the former situation type in the VR condition only.
Teaching leadership to pre‐college populations using personal assessment tools
Authors: Whitney Rich
Published: September 2021

This article presents a national and international youth leadership program utilizing personal assessments as part of the pedagogy. Using the tenets of experiential learning, the learner's self‐awareness heightens their experience as individuals make personal connections with the topic for deeper understanding. In addition to discussing the creation of tools for advancing the understanding and practice of leadership in the context of a specific organization, this article explores the following instruments and assessments: Kolb Learning Styles Inventory, Transformational Leadership Instrument, Path–Goal Leadership Questionnaire, Identity—Who am I? Survey, and Leading from Experience.
Reflections on the use of leadership assessments and inventories in a corporate context
Authors: Wiess Drew
Published: September 2021

Developing leaders in the corporate environment relies on many factors including the use of assessments and inventories in coaching and hiring. ProfilesXT, Lominger 360, Lominger Leadership Architect, Watson‐Glaser, and CPI 260 will all be reviewed. This article explores how these instruments can be successfully integrated into a company's development and hiring practices, along with direct linkages for using them to enhance student leadership development.
Synthesis, characterizations and kinetics of MOF‐5 as herbicide vehicle and its controlled release in PVA/ST biodegradable composite membranes
Authors: Lee Shaoxiang , Wang Guohui , Ji Nana , Zhang Meng , Wang Dong , Sun Lishui , Meng Wenqiao , Zheng Yuqi , Li Yanxin , Wu Yuting
Published: September 2021

Polyvinyl alcohol/starch based composite membranes containing herbicide‐loaded metal‐organic‐framework (MOF‐5) was successfully synthesized by electrostatic spraying technique. Several main parameters affecting the adsorption of MOF‐5 were studied, including the initial concentration of the herbicide solution, adsorption time, and temperature. Under optimal conditions, herbicide‐loaded MOF‐5 was successfully synthesized and the main properties were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), respectively. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MOF‐5 at optimal conditions was 60.12wt%±0.61 % for atrazine. The sustained release effect of the AT@MOF‐5/PVA/ST composite membranes was reliable, and the cumulative release rate was about 50 % for 15 h. The release behaviour of AT from AT@MOF‐5/PVA/ST composite membranes was first dominated by the mechanism of Fickian diffusion and then by the mechanism of matrix erosion. The main advantages of agricultural herbicide film can be attributed to the eco‐friendly, biodegradable, and persistence of herbicide.
Self-assessment and Monitoring of CHI Performance in Digital Transformation
Authors: Bocyte Rasa , Oomen Johan , Truyen Fred
Published: September 2021

To fully reap the benefits of digitisation and sustainably create value for their audiences, cultural heritage institutions (CHI) need to implement and monitor digital, data-driven strategies that touch upon all aspects of how organisations operate. This can range from staffing and skills development to adoption of metadata models, novel audience engagement approaches and methods for collecting and using user data. We introduce the concept for the CHI Self-Assessment Tool that enables institutions to assess their strategy and plan against several aspects of digital transformation. The tool proposes a novel approach on how CHIs can continuously gather data on their activities and use insights from this data to adjust their strategies and increase their digital maturity. Equally, this data can be used by policy-makers to implement more effective policies and support the sector with targeted capacity building.
Non-unitary TQFTs from 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 rank 0 SCFTs
Authors: Gang Dongmin , Kim Sungjoon , Lee Kimyeong , Shim Myungbo , Yamazaki Masahito
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We propose a novel procedure of assigning a pair of non-unitary topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), TFT±[$$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0], to a (2+1)D interacting $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal field theory (SCFT) $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0 of rank 0, i.e. having no Coulomb and Higgs branches. The topological theories arise from particular degenerate limits of the SCFT. Modular data of the non-unitary TQFTs are extracted from the supersymmetric partition functions in the degenerate limits. As a non-trivial dictionary, we propose that F = maxα (− log|$$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(+\right)} $$

S

0
α

+

|) = maxα (− log|$$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(-\right)} $$

S

0
α

−

|), where F is the round three-sphere free energy of $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0 and $$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(\pm \right)} $$

S

0
α

±

is the first column in the modular S-matrix of TFT±. From the dictionary, we derive the lower bound on F, F ≥ − log $$ \left(\sqrt{\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{10}}\right) $$

5
−

5

10

≃ 0.642965, which holds for any rank 0 SCFT. The bound is saturated by the minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFT proposed by Gang-Yamazaki, whose associated topological theories are both the Lee-Yang TQFT. We explicitly work out the (rank 0 SCFT)/(non-unitary TQFTs) correspondence for infinitely many examples.
Renormalization and non-renormalization of scalar EFTs at higher orders
Authors: Cao Weiguang , Herzog Franz , Melia Tom , Nepveu Jasper Roosmale
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We renormalize massless scalar effective field theories (EFTs) to higher loop orders and higher orders in the EFT expansion. To facilitate EFT calculations with the R* renormalization method, we construct suitable operator bases using Hilbert series and related ideas in commutative algebra and conformal representation theory, including their novel application to off-shell correlation functions. We obtain new results ranging from full one loop at mass dimension twelve to five loops at mass dimension six. We explore the structure of the anomalous dimension matrix with an emphasis on its zeros, and investigate the effects of conformal and orthonormal operators. For the real scalar, the zeros can be explained by a ‘non-renormalization’ rule recently derived by Bern et al. For the complex scalar we find two new selection rules for mixing n- and (n− 2)-field operators, with n the maximal number of fields at a fixed mass dimension. The first appears only when the (n− 2)-field operator is conformal primary, and is valid at one loop. The second appears in more generic bases, and is valid at three loops. Finally, we comment on how the Hilbert series we construct may be used to provide a systematic enumeration of a class of evanescent operators that appear at a particular mass dimension in the scalar EFT.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygen Metabolism in Revascularization of Asymptomatic High-Grade Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Crespo Pimentel Bernardo , Sedlacik Jan , Schröder Julian , Heinze Marlene , Østergaard Leif , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Revascularization procedures in carotid artery stenosis have shown a positive effect in the restoration of cerebral oxygen metabolism as assessed by T2’ (T2 prime) imaging as well as capillary homeostasis by measurement of capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH); however, data in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis without manifest brain lesions are scarce.

Patients and Methods

The effect of revascularization on the hemodynamic profile and capillary homeostasis was evaluated in 13 patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis without ischemic brain lesions using dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging and oxygenation-sensitive T2’ mapping before and 6–8 weeks after revascularization by endarterectomy or stenting. The cognitive performance at both timepoints was further assessed.

Results

Perfusion impairment at baseline was accompanied by an increased CTH (p = 0.008) in areas with a time to peak delay ≥ 2 s in the affected hemisphere compared to contralateral regions. Carotid intervention improved the overall moderate hemodynamic impairment at baseline by leading to an increase in normalized cerebral blood flow (p = 0.017) and a decrease in mean transit time (p = 0.027), oxygen extraction capacity (OEC) (p = 0.033) and CTH (p = 0.048). The T2’ values remained unchanged.

Conclusion

This study presents novel evidence of a state of altered microvascular function in patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis in the absence of ischemic brain lesions, which shows sustained normalization after revascularization procedures.
The prognostic power of inflammatory indices and clinical factors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223 (BIO-Ra study)
Authors: Bauckneht Matteo , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Signori Alessio , Frantellizzi Viviana , Murianni Veronica , Lodi Rizzini Elisa , Mascia Manlio , Lavelli Valentina , Donegani Maria Isabella , Ponzano Marta , Gaudiano Angela , Stazza Maria Lina , Licari Maria , Cavallini Letizia , Laghi Viola , Cindolo Luca , Maggi Martina , Sciarra Alessandro , Mammucci Paolo , Sambuceti Gianmario , Costa Renato Patrizio , Spanu Angela , Rubini Giuseppe , Monari Fabio , De Vincentis Giuseppe , Fornarini Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To combine peripheral blood indices and clinical factors in a prognostic score for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]RaCl2).

Patients and methods

Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (donor), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), Gleason score (GS) group, number of bone metastases, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), line of therapy, previous chemotherapy, and the presence of lymphadenopathies were collected from seven Italian centers between 2013 and 2020. Lab and clinical data were assessed in correlation with the overall survival (OS). Inflammatory indices were then included separately in the multivariable analyses with the prognostic clinical factors. The model with the highest discriminative ability (c-index) was chosen to develop the BIO-Ra score.

Results

Five hundred and nineteen mCRPC patients (median OS: 19.9 months) were enrolled. Higher NLR, dNLR, PLR, and SII and lower LMR predicted worse OS (all with ap < 0.001). The multivariable model including NLR, ECOG PS, number of bone metastases, ALP, and PSA (c-index: 0.724) was chosen to develop the BIO-Ra score. Using the Schneeweiss scoring system, the BIO-Ra score identified three prognostic groups (36%, 27.3%, and 36.6% patients, respectively) with distinct median OS (31, 26.6, and 9.6 months, respectively; hazard ratio: 1.62,p = 0.008 for group 2 vs. 1 and 5.77,p < 0.001 for group 3 vs. 1).

Conclusions

The BIO-Ra score represents an easy and widely applicable tool for the prognostic stratification of mCRPC patients treated with [223Ra]RaCl2with no additional costs.
Dislocation structure of deformed olivine single crystals from conventional EBSD maps
Authors: Faul Ulrich
Published: September 2021

Dislocations, linear defects in a crystalline lattice characterized by their slip systems, can provide a record of grain internal deformation. Comprehensive examination of this record has been limited by intrinsic limitations of the observational methods. Transmission electron microscopy reveals individual dislocations, but images only a few square $$\upmu$$
μ
m of sample. Oxidative decoration requires involved sample preparation and has uncertainties in detection of all dislocations and their types. The possibility of mapping dislocation density and slip systems by conventional (Hough-transform based) EBSD is investigated here with naturally and experimentally deformed San Carlos olivine single crystals. Geometry and dislocation structures of crystals deformed in orientations designed to activate particular slip systems were previously analyzed by TEM and oxidative decoration. A curvature tensor is calculated from changes in orientation of the crystal lattice, which is inverted to calculate density of geometrically necessary dislocations with the Matlab Toolbox MTEX. Densities of individual dislocation types along with misorientation axes are compared to orientation change measured on the deformed crystals. After filtering (denoising), noise floor and calculated dislocation densities are comparable to those reported from high resolution EBSD mapping. For samples deformed in [110]c and [011]c orientations EBSD mapping confirms [100](010) and [001](010), respectively, as the dominant slip systems. EBSD mapping thus enables relatively efficient observation of dislocation structures associated with intracrystalline deformation, both distributed, and localized at sub-boundaries, over substantially larger areas than has previously been possible. This will enable mapping of dislocation structures in both naturally and experimentally deformed polycrystals, with potentially new insights into deformation processes in Earth’s upper mantle.
Development of a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging method to improve the information content of benthic coral reef surveys
Authors: Bollati Elena , D’Angelo Cecilia , Kline David I. , Mitchell B. Greg , Wiedenmann Jörg
Published: September 2021

Benthic surveys are a key component of monitoring and conservation efforts for coral reefs worldwide. While traditional image-based surveys rely on manual annotation of photographs to characterise benthic composition, automatic image annotation based on computer vision is becoming increasingly common. However, accurate classification of some benthic groups from reflectance images presents a challenge to local ecologists and computers alike. Most coral reef organisms produce one or a combination of fluorescent pigments, such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-like proteins found in corals, chlorophyll-a found in all photosynthetic organisms, and phycobiliproteins found in red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and cyanobacteria. Building on the potential of these pigments as a target for automatic image annotation, we developed a novel imaging method based on off-the-shelf components to improve classification of coral and other biotic substrates using a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging system. We used RGB cameras to image the fluorescence emission of coral and algal pigments stimulated by narrow-waveband blue and green light, and then combined the information into three-channel pseudocolour images. Using a set of a priori rules defined by the relative pixel intensity produced in different channels, the method achieved successful classification of organisms into three categories based on the dominant fluorescent pigment expressed, facilitating discrimination of traditionally problematic groups. This work provides a conceptual foundation for future technological developments that will improve the cost, accuracy and speed of coral reef surveys.
Cochlear implantation under local anesthesia in 117 cases: patients’ subjective experience and outcomes
Authors: Dietz Aarno , Lenarz Thomas
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To report the outcomes and the patients’ subjective experience of cochlear implantation (CI) performed under local anesthesia (LA). To describe a new form of intraoperative cochlear monitoring based on the patients subjective sound perception during CI.

Methods

In this retrospective case–cohort study, 117 patients underwent CI under LA with (n = 58) or without conscious sedation (n = 59). Included were primarily elderly patients with elevated risks for general anesthesia and recently patients with residual hearing eligible for electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) (n = 27), in whom hearing could be monitored during the electrode insertion. A 500 Hz test tone was presented and the patient reported  of subjective changes in loudness, leading to a modification of the insertion. A questionnaire was sent to all patients in which they assessed their subjective experience.

Results

All patients were successfully operated under LA without the need to intraoperatively convert to general anesthesia. 90% of the patients reported that the surgery was a positive experience. The vast majority, 90% of patients were satisfied with the overall treatment and with intraoperative pain management and 84% of the patients would opt for local anesthesia again. Cochlear monitoring by the patients’ subjective sound perception enabled for atraumatic insertions as all EAS patients could hear the test tone up to the end of the surgery.

Conclusions

CI under LA was well tolerated and recommended by the vast majority of patients. In addition, it offers the possibility to monitor the patients’ hearing during the electrode insertion, which may help to prevent insertion trauma.
Workability, quality of life and cardiovascular risk markers in aging nightshift workers: a pilot study
Authors: Jordakieva Galateja , Markovic Lovro , Rinner Walter , Santonja Isabel , Lee Seungjune , Pilger Alexander , Perkman Thomas , Grabovac Igor , Schernhammer Eva , Crevenna Richard , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Godnic-Cvar Jasminka
Published: September 2021

Background

In aging healthcare professionals, multiple stressors such as night work may affect life and work satisfaction and risk for chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease [CVD]). In this pilot study we compared workability, quality of life (QoL), and CVD risk markers between night shift and day workers.

Methods

We included 70 hospital employees (mean age 52 ± 4 years, 91.4% female): 32 rotating night shift workers (> 3 nights/month) and 38 permanent day workers. In addition to sociodemographic, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics, we assessed i) workability index (WAI), ii) QoL (World Health Organization Quality of Life [WHOQOL-Bref]) and iii) CVD risk markers, i.e. carotid ultrasound measurements, and biomarkers (NTproBNP, CRP, IL‑6, LDL, ferritin, copper, zinc, and selenium). WAI, QoL, and CVD risk markers were compared between night and day workers. In a subgroup of participants (N = 38) with complete data, we used quantile regression analysis to estimate age and multivariate adjusted differences in biomarker levels.

Results

We found no differences in the domains of QoL (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment) and WAI scores between night and day workers. Night shift workers were less likely to report excellent workability than day workers, although differences were not statistically significant. Night shift workers reported more sleep problems (73.1% vs. 55.6%) and tended to have lower zinc levels and higher inflammatory markers (CRP, IL‑6, ferritin), but differences were not significant after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions

Workability, QoL and CVD markers did not significantly differ between rotating night shift and day workers in this small pilot study. Sleep problems and inflammatory marker levels carry implications for occupational health.
Separately polynomial functions
Authors: Kiss Gergely , Laczkovich Miklós
Published: September 2021

It is known that if $$f:{{\mathbb R}}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb R}$$

f
:

R

2

→
R

is a polynomial in each variable, then f is a polynomial. We present generalizations of this fact, when $${{\mathbb R}}^2$$

R

2

is replaced by $$G\times H$$

G
×
H

, where G and H are topological Abelian groups. We show, e.g., that the conclusion holds (with generalized polynomials in place of polynomials) if G is a connected Baire space and H has a dense subgroup of finite rank or, for continuous functions, if G and H are connected Baire spaces. The condition of continuity can be omitted if G and H are locally compact or one of them is metrizable. We present several examples showing that the results are not far from being optimal.
eHealth cognitive rehabilitation for brain tumor patients: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Linden Sophie D. , Rutten Geert-Jan M. , Dirven Linda , Taphoorn Martin J. B. , Satoer Djaina D. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Sitskoorn Margriet M. , Gehring Karin
Published: September 2021

Background

Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation programs for brain tumor patients are not widely available, despite the high need. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a tablet-based cognitive rehabilitation program on cognitive performance, cognitive complaints, fatigue, and psychological distress in primary brain tumor patients following neurosurgery. Also, attrition, adherence and patient satisfaction with the program were evaluated.

Methods

Adults with presumed low-grade glioma and meningioma were recruited before surgery. Three months thereafter, participants were allocated to the intervention group or waiting-list control group using minimization. The 10-week eHealth app ReMind, based on the effective face-to-face intervention, consisted of psychoeducation, strategy-training and attention retraining. Performance-based cognitive outcomes and patient-reported outcomes were assessed before surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter. Mean scores, percentages of cognitively impaired individuals and reliable change indices (RCIs) were compared between groups.

Results

Sixty-two out of 183 eligible patients were randomized. Of the people who declined, 56% reported that participation would to be too burdensome. All participants found a tablet-app suitable for delivery of cognitive rehabilitation and 90% rated the program as “good” or “excellent”. Performance-based cognitive outcomes and patient-reported outcomes did not significantly differ in group means over time nor RCIs between the intervention (final n = 20) and control group (final n = 25).

Conclusions

Recruitment at this early stage was difficult, resulting in limited statistical power. No significant effects were demonstrated, while adherence and satisfaction with the eHealth program were good. In clinical practice, ReMind may be helpful, if timing would be adapted to patients’ needs.
Estimation of exogenous drivers to predict COVID-19 pandemic using a method from nonlinear control theory
Authors: Hametner Christoph , Kozek Martin , Böhler Lukas , Wasserburger Alexander , Du Zhang Peng , Kölbl Robert , Bergmann Michael , Bachleitner-Hofmann Thomas , Jakubek Stefan
Published: September 2021

The currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic confronts governments and their health systems with great challenges for disease management. Epidemiological models play a crucial role, thereby assisting policymakers to predict the future course of infections and hospitalizations. One difficulty with current models is the existence of exogenous and unmeasurable variables and their significant effect on the infection dynamics. In this paper, we show how a method from nonlinear control theory can complement common compartmental epidemiological models. As a result, one can estimate and predict these exogenous variables requiring the reported infection cases as the only data source. The method allows to investigate how the estimates of exogenous variables are influenced by non-pharmaceutical interventions and how imminent epidemic waves could already be predicted at an early stage. In this way, the concept can serve as an “epidemometer” and guide the optimal timing of interventions. Analyses of the COVID-19 epidemic in various countries demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach. The generic character of the method allows for straightforward extension to different epidemiological models.
Comments on the cosmic convergence of nonexpansive maps
Authors: Gutiérrez Armando W. , Karlsson Anders
Published: September 2021

This note discusses some aspects of the asymptotic behaviour of nonexpansive maps. Using metric functionals, we make a connection to the invariant subspace problem and prove a new result for nonexpansive maps of $$\ell ^{1}$$

ℓ
1

. We also point out some inaccurate assertions appearing in the literature on this topic.
How strong is the argument from inductive risk?
Authors: Henschen Tobias
Published: September 2021

The argument from inductive risk, as developed by Rudner and others, famously concludes that the scientist qua scientist makes value judgments. The paper aims to show that trust in the soundness of the argument is overrated – that philosophers who endorse its conclusion (especially Douglas and Wilholt) fail to refute two of the most important objections that have been raised to its soundness: Jeffrey’s objection that the genuine task of the scientist is to assign probabilities to (and not to accept or reject) hypotheses, and Levi’s objection that the argument is ambiguous about decisions about how to act and decisions about what to believe, that only the former presuppose value judgments, and that qua scientist, the scientist only needs to decide what to believe.
Removal of organic matter from the underground water—a pilot scale technological research
Authors: Pruss Alina , Komorowska-Kaufman Małgorzata , Pruss Paweł
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to select an appropriate technology for the treatment of groundwater with particular emphasis on the effectiveness of organic matter removal. The technological research was carried out on a pilot scale for 6 weeks. The pilot station was supplied with groundwater taken from two wells with different physical and chemical composition and mixtures of the two waters. The installation of the pilot station enabled different configuration of technological processes and continuous water sampling past each device. The following parameters were determined for the water samples: temperature, pH, alkalinity, colour, turbidity, COD KMnO4, TOC and dissolved oxygen, total and bivalent iron and manganese. On the basis of the analysis of the test results, it was found that the treatment technology based on natural aeration and rapid filtration processes was effective for water from well no. 2 and the mixtures of waters from well no. 1 and well no. 2, and the quality of treated water was in accordance with the limits specified in the Regulation of the Polish Minister of Health.