bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Sausage Meat
Authors: POP Codrean , BARA Levente , HORJ Elena , IORDACHE Andreea , LASLO Cornel , CULEA Monica
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to establish the extraction procedure, the derivatization method, the separation temperature program, the identification and quantitation of the free fatty acids from meat. A gas chromatography - mass spectrometric (GC/MS) technique was used. The fatty acids were obtained by grounding meat, water and sand and then extraction was performed by mixing chloroform:methanol (2:1) during 30 seconds, at room temperature.

The fatty acids were derivatized to obtain methyl esters. A Trace DSQ ThermoFinnigan quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a Trace GC was used. Fatty acids were separated on a Rtx-5MS capillary column, 30m x 0.25mm, 0.25µm film thickness, using a suitable temperature program. The identification of fatty acids was obtained by comparison of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) mass spectra with the mass spectra of FAME kits and of NIST library. Concentrations of fatty acids were calculated by using a proper internal standard.
Comparison of Sunflower Halva Products from Romanian Market
Authors: RACOLTA Emil , MURESAN Vlad , MUSTE Sevastita , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria
Published: December 2021

Halva is a traditional confection, consists of tahini (sesame paste), cooked sugar and soapwort root extract. Sunflower halva is made of sunflower seeds tahini, instead of sesame.

In this study fat, sugar and moisture content of sunflower halva products from Romanian market were compared. Sunflower halva samples from three different producers (A, B, C) were purchased from the market.

From the producer C two different batches were analyzed (C1 and C2). Researches shows a total fat content between 37.17-43.95%, total sugars within 20.40-34.40% and moisture content ranged between 2.74-3.84%. Differences between products from different sources may be due different technologies, recipes and raw materials used
In Vitro Behaviour and Effects on Cells Induced by Functionalized Nanogold and Nanosilver Particles II. In Vitro Comparative Studies for Nanogold Conjugated with Glutathion in RPE D407 Cell Line and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: SOCACIU Carmen , TRIF Monica , RUGINA Dumitrita , PINTEA Adela , ASTILEAN Simion
Published: December 2021

We aimed to demonstrate that the functionalization of nanocolloids of Au in vitro, induce the formation of conjugated forms (with glutathion) which can affect the cellular activity, as tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and RPE cells. The cell line relevant for macular degeneration, type RPE (line D407) proved to be more sensitive to nanogold and conjugated forms. By microscopy we demonstrated the cell capacity to form a monolayer, as a prove of their proliferation and viability, as well in the presence of free AuC, glutathione, but also in the presence of conjugated forms AuC-glutathion. AuC-glutathion conjugate, at pH 5.6 (optimum for cell growth) is stable and can have effect on cellular activity, with impact on proliferation and viability. Obviously, the interaction of AuC and AuC-glutation conjugate with cell components may have effects on cell proliferation and rapid metabolization in presence of appropriate enzymes. (e.g. Glutation peroxidase). Alternative and complementary studies are needed to show the localization of AuC and AuC-glutathion conjugate at cellular level, by microscopy and spectroscopy. It is possible that, inside cell, AuC to conjugate other biomolecules, with a higher stability and affinity, comparing to glutathion.
Prediction the Quality of Industrial Flour Using the Mixolab Device
Authors: STOENESCU Georgeta , IONESCU Violeta , VASILEAN Ina , APRODU Iuliana
Published: December 2021

Mixolab is a device used to investigate the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the dough. The aim of the present study was to investigated the possibility of predicting the quality of the wheat based on the behaviour of the flour with different extraction rates. Our results indicated relationships in terms of water absorbtion capacity, dough stability, C3, C5, α and γ slopes between whole wheat flour and white and brown flours. Taking into account the obtained results we may conclude that Mixolab can be successfully used to predict the quality of the wheat used for obtaining industrial flours through the milling process.
Nature 2000 Cusma Site Heteroptera
Authors: BELDEAN Paul , PROOROCU Marian , PAULIUC Ecaterina Sînziana
Published: December 2021

The biological material was collected during 2008 and 2009. In the studied area we have revealed a number of 533 Pentatomoidea, belonging to 37 species and 9 families. The majority of species (17) belongs to the Pentatomidae Family.

The researches were made within 7 different types of ecosystems: Valea Bârgăului riverside coppice, Valea Budacu riverside coppice, Budacu spruce, Tăul Zânelor pasture, Piatra Fântânele hayfield, Colibiţa hayfield, Budacu hayfield. Most species (25) live within Piatra Fântânele hayfield. The most abundant species are polyphagous. Dolycoris baccarum, Carpocoris purpureipennis, Eurygaster testudinaria and Rhopalus parumpunctatus were collected from all 7 types of ecosystems.
The Influence of Some Heavy Metals Content of Substrate and pH on Bioabsorption Level at Six Macromycetes Species Common in Southern Forest of Romania
Authors: BUSUIOC Gabriela , ELEKES Carmen Cristina , RADULESCU Cristina , PETRESCU Nicolae , GHEBOIANU Anca , SERDIN Beatrice
Published: December 2021

All over the world today is developing more and more the studies concerning biochemical and physiological features of mushrooms (macromycetes) in the view to promote them as biological tools in different types of biotechnologies grace of their bioabsorption capacity for biominerals, heavy, rare or noble metals. Generally the researches are focused on the elemental content of mushrooms (Barros, 2008; Jentschke, 2000; Krupa, 1997, 2004; Yamaca, 2007).

This paper is about the level of bioabsorption for some heavy metals inside fruiting body, correlated to the substrate content and pH value. It is possible that one macromycetes species to contain in a high concentration one metal, but to have a low capacity of bioabsorption, the storage level being influenced by the substrate or environmental factors.

This study aim is to establish the reality concerning the bioabsorption capacity for heavy metals of following six macromycetes species: Coprinus picaceus, Coprinus cinereus, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Lyophyllum crassifolium, Paxillus involutus and Phellinus tremulae, grown in condition of natural pH of their substrate in a forestry ecosystem of Dambovita county in south of Romania. The elemental content of biological and environmental samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).

So, maximum concentration of cobalt was find in fruiting body of Pseudotrametes gibbosa (0,1 ppm), minimum being at fruiting body of Coprinus cinereus (0,002). It was find nickel only in fruiting body of Phellinus tremulae and Pseudotrametes gibbosa.
Strategic Analysis of The Rural Area Development in the Central Region of Romania
Authors: IAGARU Romulus , IAGARU Pompilica , CALINA Jenica , CALINA Aurel
Published: December 2021

This paper aims at addressing issues of rural development in the Central Region for Development of Romania, in terms of preserving both the traditional aspect of Romania’s rural area and the modernization of rural life for the integration in the European Union. The premise and the importance of such a process are made up by the certainty that the development of rural area and of agriculture in Romania have to be consistent with the values and global beliefs on the environment, agriculture and the role of tradition.
Priorities for a Policy and Strategy in Waste Domain for 2030
Authors: POPOVICIU Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Because the domain of waste is one of the most problematic and challenging environmental issues we face today, our paper tried to synthesize a few European reports regarding to Romanian measures and policies taken in the past, but for the future in the improvement and reduction of the growth consumption of waste in the workplace and at home.

Our aim with this research is to show how can reduce, reuse and recycle the waste from our home or work places, having as ultimate aim the meeting of environmental objectives and, of course, minimising the waste disposal costs.
National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory – Romania
Authors: PROOROCU Marian , DEACONU Sorin , SMARANDACHE Mihaela
Published: December 2021

As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and its Kyoto Protocol, Romania is required to elaborate, regularly update and submit the national GHG Inventory. In compliance with the reporting requirements, Romania submitted in 2010 its ninth version of the National Inventory Report (NIR) covering the national inventories of GHG emissions/removals for the period 1989-2008. The inventories cover all sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and other product use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste. The direct GHGs included in the national inventory are: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

The emissions trend over the 1989-2008 period reflects the changes characterized by a process of transition to a market economy. With the entire economy in transition, some energy intensive industries reduced their activities and this is reflected in the GHG emissions reduction. Energy represents the most important sector in Romania, accounting for about 69% of the total national GHG emissions in 2008.

The most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas is the carbon dioxide. The decrease of CO2 emissions is caused by the decline of the amount of fossil fuels burnt in the energy sector, as a consequence of activity decline.

According to the figures, there is a great probability for Romania to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments on the limitation of the GHG emissions in the 2008-2012 commitment period.
Processing Records of Wind Speed and Direction (September - November 2009)
Authors: RUSANESCU Carmen Otilia , RUSANESCU Marin
Published: December 2021

A direction for current high research is the wind monitoring and renewable energy.

In this paper is monitored by the meteorological station wind direction and is calculated wind rose in September December 2009. The Siap GECO + MICROSOFT Version 2.3.2 automatically record the following parameters: air temperature, wind speed and direction, atmospheric humidity, solar radiation, rain.
Some Aspects of the Phytoremediation upon a Haplic Luvosoil under Control Polluted with Crude Oil, from Oradea, Romania
Authors: SABĂU Nicu Cornel , ŞANDOR Maria , DOMUŢA Cornel , BREJEA Radu , DOMUŢA Cristian
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of the researches carried out at the Agricultural Research Station Oradea, Bihor County, between 1994 and 2002, regarding millet and wheat yields from a haplic luvosoil polluted under control with oil brought from the exploitation site at Suplacu de Barcău.

Phytoremediation is a recent technology that is used to stabilize or remove wastes from soils, groundwater or other medium by using living plants.

The experimental device was made out of micro parcels of 1 m², set up in a randomized manner, in a Latin square, polluted with a concentration of: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 % (0, 3, 9, 15, and 30 l/m²), oil in the ploughed layer, in four repetitions.

The experience was than cultivated with in the first three years with millet (1993-1995), a plant that is considered to be resistant to pollution, and than until 2002 with spring wheat. The tendency of relative yields of polluted plots show that in the time of research period of ten years, the pollutant was phyto degraded, without any ameliorative measures.

For the plot variants polluted with different concentration of crude oil, between the relative yields and time of research period was established second degree polynomial correlations, distinct and very significant statistically.

The shape of the curves indicates the fact that after a minimum of relative yields, registered in the first or the second year of research period these increases continuously in time, until the finish of the experiment.

The intensity of soil pollution, in the last year of research period, using the yield losses, in the plots with 1 % oil concentration is unpolluted, in the plots with 3 % oil concentration is weakly polluted, in the variant plots with 5 % oil concentration is moderate polluted and respectively in the plots with 10 % oil concentration is yet strong polluted.

The time of phytodegradation, evaluated with help of equations, through the condition for relative yields to be 95 %, when the soil pollution characterization became unpolluted results that: on the 1 % variant the soil became unpolluted after 5,4 years, on the 3 % after 7,8 years, on the 5 % variant after 9,6 years, and on the 10 % variant the soil became unpolluted after 10,8 years.
Modelling Nitrate Formation and Movement in Vineyard Soils – A Contribution to a More Sustainable Viticulture
Authors: SCHALLER Klaus
Published: December 2021

Ecologically sound production is a catchword used in nearly all viticulture production areas. Besides the pesticides inputs which are unavoidable specific attention is directed to nitrates which can pollute ground water reserves and may have some adverse effects to humans after consumption. There are two main sources for nitrate in vineyard soils: a) mineralization of humic compounds from the soil and b) nitrogen fertilization. In the latter case the inputs can be controlled via balance sheets, which are obligatory in Germany for instance. During a six years period the mineralization process of slowly decomposable organic matter in vineyard soils was evaluated.

As a basis STANFORDs equations were used to describe that process but could finally reduced to a zero order equation. These findings were combined with different sub-models from soil science: heat transfer and water movement. Input values are very simple to determine: global irradiation, soil texture (sand, silt, clay) and wet digested organic matter (WALKLEY-BLACK). The compiled model is deterministic. Therefore it is transferable to other, unknown sites. The nitrate dynamic in soils can be followed up with one starting value which under German conditions is determined after harvest or in early springtime: the calculation includes the soils water content, the nitrate concentrations, possibly nitrate losses, and the NO3-content at the point of planned fertilization. Normally the mineral fertilizer input can be reduced without endangering yield and quality of grapevines. The model is now used as a tool for the extension service. On the other hand it is a powerful proof that viticulture, which is mostly carried out in vulnerable land sites, can save the environment for future generations.
Soil Erosion and Landslides Risk Management
Authors: SFÎRU Raluca , CÂRDEI Petru , MURARU Vergil , HEREA Vasile
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a simple and inexpensive alternative risk management of surface soil erosion and landslides for vineyards farms. The application is cheap because it uses very cheap or even free of charge techniques and tools. Furthermore, this method can be also applied and used for other type of farms. At the same time, the method can be applied to any land and not only for the risk management of the soil erosion and landslides, but also for managing data and records of land parcels with different uses.

The main idea is using free GIS software in order to obtain the necessary geometric data required for the relevant area relief. GIS software can archive geometrical characteristics of terrain data, soil data, vegetation covering data, etc. Risk estimators calculation is achieved by two basic models of soil erosion and landslides. Risk maps are performed using the same GIS software.
Organic Methods for Root Making in Different Aloe Species
Authors: VÂRBAN Rodica , VÂRBAN Dan
Published: December 2021

The experiments were carried ut on three Aloe species. In all Aloe species the best making roots substrate was perlite, the root making time interval and viability percent being different function of specie, but always superior when shoots were placed in perlite.

The results obtained in Aloe ferox specie emphasize that this specie made roost faster, by all three substrates, even the shoots used for roots making had less vigour compared to those from other two Aloe species.

In average by all three substrates, we found that Aloe ferox and Aloe vera made roots faster, compared to Aloe arborescens, maybe because these are slightly lignified at their basis. The same tendency was reported concerning viability percents,the best results being recorded in Aloe ferox and Aloe vera species.
Results Regarding the Growing Artichokes (Cynara Scolymus L.) in Climatic Conditions from Jucu, CJ
Authors: VAIDA Simona , DUDA Marcel , VARBAN Dan , MUNTEAN Sorin , OLAR Marius
Published: December 2021

In this paper we present results, from 2008: the influence of cultivars, the density and fertilization on plant morphology, size and number of leaves and leaf production.

They studied four cultivations of artichokes: “Unirea” (Romanian varieties), “Violet” (Italian variety), “Agrosel 656” (commercial cultivar) and “de Chişinău” (cultivar of Moldavia Rep.). They were placed in the experimental field at Jucu - Cluj, two densities (70 x 40 cm and 70 x 60 cm) and three levels of fertilization (F0 = unfertilized, F20 = applied 20 t / ha manure to plowing in the autumn and F 40 = 40 t / ha manure).

Before the first harvest measurements were made on plant size, number and size of leaves and ultimately the production of leaves for the two harvesting.

Results of determinations are contained in four tables. Statistical interpretation of data has been done by analysis of variance.

Plant size in the four cultivations was between 30 and 60 cm in direct correlation with fertilization.

Total production of fresh leaves was between 13.33 and 25.10 t / ha. This variant was more productive: the variety „Unirea”, fertilization 40 t / ha manure and distances between plants 70 x 40 cm. There is a direct correlation between close-fertilization and greater plant density per unit area.
Lipid Composition of the Hazelnut (Corylus Pontica C. Koch.) Cv. Ata Baba Grown in Bulgaria
Authors: MOMCHILOVA Svetlana , NIKOLOVA Magdalena , KUZMANOVA Ivalina , NEDELCHEVA Diana , MAREKOV Ilko , PANAYOTOVA Svetlana
Published: December 2021

Hazelnut (Corylus Pontica C. Koch.) cultivar Ata Baba grown in Bulgaria (harvest year 2009) has been investigated about neutral lipid classes, their fatty acid composition and the triacylglycerol species. Fat content of the oil (66.2%) was determined gravimetrically after extraction of dry kernels in Soxhlet apparatus (6 h with hexane). On the other hand, fresh kernels were treated firstly with iso-propanol and then extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) mixture (Christie, 1993) in order to obtain hazelnut oil for analyses of lipids. The neutral lipid classes were separated by thin layer chromatography (silica gel G plates, developed with hexane-acetone, 10:1 v/v), identified towards a standard mixture, isolated and weighed. It was established that the hazelnut cultivar Ata Baba contained polar lipids (0.6%), diacylglycerols (0.9%), sterols (0.9%), unidentified lipid zone X (0.8%), triacylglycerols (96.1%) and sterol esters (0.7%). Each of these classes (excepting free sterols) was transmethylated according to Christie (2003) and the methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography
STUDIES CONCERNING MASS TRANSFER AT THE MEAT PRODUCTS DEPOSIT
Authors: Frigioiu Modoran D. , Frigioiu Modoran Adela , Tofan I
Published: December 2021

Once with continuous growing of population, in a modern world, the using of artificial cold is one of the most used ways to preserve and deliver food, and, in the same time to contribute to the universal food security. Cold has a very little influence considering original taste of fresh foodstuff, unlike other preservation processes, like: salting, smoking or dehidration. The artificial cold makes easy commercialization of meat products and transporting them between countries, assuring a large variety of foodstuffs to costumers. The artificial cold may decrease the storage looses, which are, in some countries, very important. The using artificial cold requires financial funs, materials, energy and skilled staff, components that often miss in countries that are in development course. The main causes of losses are: mechanically actions (structure damage because squeezing), drying processes, seasoning and degrading actions of pests (microorganisms, rodents, birds, etc.). The mass transfer and weight looses are stricken by: previous processes of processing and storing of meat products, speeds of refrigerating and freezing processes, and time of storing at low temperature. The present essay analyses the mass transfer and weight losses, in the case of meat products.
Spring distribution of capelin Mallotus villosus catervarius in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2000–2019
Authors: Naumova T. N.
Published: December 2021

Data on the local distribution of capelin in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2000–2019 are very limited. Maps of the distribution were made based on results of complex pelagic surveys in 2000–2019. It is demonstrated, that spring distribution of capelin in the Eastern Sea of Okhotsk varied depending temperature conditions in each particular year. Major aggregations of capelin were observed within Shelikhov Gulf in spring. In the “cold” years these aggregations were in the south-western part of the West Kamchatkan shelf, and in the “warm” years – in the north-western part. In sense of bathymetric distribution the main body of the capelin aggregations was observed in the upper part of the shelf at the depth <125 m at the temperatures bit lower zero.
Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus, Pallas, 1814) fishery, size and age composition, state of stocks and catch prospects in the waters adjacent to Kamchatka peninsula and Northern Kuril Islands
Authors: Varkentin A. I. , Sergeeva N. P. , Ilyin O I. , Ovsyannikov E. E.
Published: December 2021

The article provides data on the catch of the Northern Okhotsk, Eastern Kamchatka and Western Bering Sea walleye pollock stocks, fishery structure by the fishing gears in 2016–2019, size and age composition of the fish in the commercial trawl and Danish seine catches in 2010–2019. Data on the generation abundance and stock condition indices used in the stock assessment models are also demonstrated. Interannual dynamics of the total and spawning stock biomass, determinants of the dynamics and prospects of fishing are analyzed.
Some data on the biology of stone cockscomb Alectrias alectrolophus (Stichaeidae) from the Tauysk Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva E. A.
Published: December 2021

On the basis of the materials collected in the period of 2010–2018 the features of biology: the size-age structure, linear growth pattern and body mass growth of the stone cockscomb Alectrias alectrolophus from the Tauysk Bay, the Sea of Okhotsk, have been studied. In the intertidal zone, in the period from May to September, individuals of this species the body length 31.2–133.4 mm and body weight 0.1–12.8 g at the age of up to 6+ years are found in large quantities. The size and age characteristics, rates of growth of females and males are quite similar, but in general, females are slightly larger than males.
Some biological characteristics of the Far Eastern sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) from the Severnaya Bay of the Slavyanka Gulf (Japan Sea)
Authors: Matrosova I. V. , Politayeva A. A.
Published: December 2021

Some of biological traits of the Far Eastern sea cucumber from the Severnaya Bay were examined in 2016 and 2017. Body length of sea cucumber individuals varied from 3.6 to 23.4 cm. Dermo-muscular bag weight was higher in 2017 (137.5 g). Individual ages were 1–4 years in 2016 and 1–5 years in 2017. Sex ratio was near 1:1 in 2016 and 2017. During the period of the research gonad index was maximal in June – 10.6%. Spawning began in the 2nd decade of June and finished in the 2nd decade of July.
Assessing the effect of a white Portland cement admixture on the early frost-thaw resistance of NHL-based masonry mortar
Authors: Ruegenberg Frowin , Schidlowski Martin , Brunner Franz , Kirkwood Erik , Bidner Thomas , Diekamp Anja
Published: December 2021

Well preserved mortars based on natural hydraulic lime are widely spread in historical buildings throughout the alpine area of Tyrol, Austria. These are frequently restored with mortars oriented on historical models. Portland cement is also commonly used to modify these materials on building sites to speed up the setting time to improve the early frost-thaw resistance, primarily when they are applied around the winter season. Therefore, it was our objective to specify the application potentials of those materials, respecting the intended use and the atmospheric conditions. Moreover, we tried to figure out the possible benefits and risks when using NHL-based materials, optionally modified by cement, yielding stable recommendations for the work with corresponding mortars. Hence, we examined the development of strength and water transport, also the frost-thaw durability in a temporal context. The obtained results were compared with findings of assessing both materials under variable weather conditions around the winter season. Accordingly, the use of pure NHL-based lime mortars resulted as being critical mainly until about two months before intense frost conditions. Cement effectively contributes to the rapid hydraulic setting reaction in NHL-based materials. Hence, we recommend measured cement additions in areas where strong frost is expected after a few weeks and especially targeted in areas where carbonation is hindered because of excess moisture. Nevertheless, the potential use of Portland cement should be properly controlled in historic building preservation. A systematical approach that considers the framework conditions and the corresponding application to an area is essential to assure an appropriate conservation outcome.
Data-driven estimation of deterioration curves: a railway supporting structures case study
Authors: Moghtadernejad Saviz , Huber Gérald , Hackl Jürgen , Adey Bryan T
Published: December 2021

A significant portion of railway network income is spent on the maintenance and restoration of the railway infrastructure to ensure that the networks continue to provide the expected level of service. The execution of the interventions – that is, when and where to perform maintenance or restoration activities, depends on how the state of the infrastructure assets changes over time. Such information helps ensure that appropriate interventions are selected to reduce the deterioration speed and to maximise the effect of the expenditure on monitoring, maintenance, repair and renewal of the assets. Presently, there is an explosion of effort in the investigation and use of data-driven methods to estimate deterioration curves. However, real-world time history data normally includes measurement of errors and discrepancies that should not be neglected. These errors include missing information, discrepancies in input data and changes in the condition rating scheme. This paper provides solutions for addressing these issues using machine learning algorithms, estimates the deterioration curves for railway supporting structures using Markov models and discusses the results.
Pre-Service Teachers' Reflections in a Virtual Learning Community: A Praxeological Study
Authors: Gamboa González Angela Maria , Herrera Mateus Catalina
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a praxeological study that analyzes pre-service teachers' reflections about their beliefs in teaching, English language teaching theories, and experiences as teachers. These reflections were shared in a VLC (Virtual Learning Community) to promote pre-service teachers’ reflection in three moments: in, on, and for action. The participants were 25 pre-service teachers from a bachelor's program in English as a foreign language teaching at a private university in Bogotá, Colombia. The data collected came from the participants’ responses, lesson plans, video recordings of their classes shared in the vlc, and a focus group. The results indicated that by reflecting on different moments of the teaching practice and sharing experiences with other classmates, pre-service teachers became more conscious about language teaching theories, their implementation, their actions, and decisions in the classroom. However, there is a need to promote deeper levels of reflection, in which pre-service teachers interpret and understand what happens in their practice better, from a critical point of view and in light of the theory and the reality of the school.
Niveles argumentativos y modelos explicativos del concepto de nutrición en plantas
Authors: Trujillo-López Katty Alexandra , Patiño-Franco Yoany Andrés
Published: December 2021

En esta investigación se identificó y caracterizó los niveles argumentativos y los modelos explicativos del concepto de nutrición en plantas con estudiantes del grado sexto de una institución educativa pública del municipio de Palermo, Huila (Colombia). Para este propósito, se construyó y desarrolló una unidad didáctica basada en el ciclo de aprendizaje de Jorba y Sanmartí con cuatro fases: exploración, introducción de nuevos conocimientos, síntesis y aplicación. La unidad de trabajo se conformó con nueve estudiantes que oscilaban entre los 10 y 12 años de edad. La metodología cualitativa de alcance descriptivo se abordó a partir de dos categorías: los niveles argumentativos para valorar la calidad del argumento y los modelos explicativos del concepto de nutrición en plantas, siguiendo la propuesta de Tamayo, Zona y Loaiza, y Velásquez, respectivamente. A partir de lo anterior, se aplicó un cuestionario escrito, antes y después de la intervención didáctica para la recolección de los datos y su triangulación. Se identificó que los estudiantes tendieron a estructurar de mejor forma los argumentos, con mayor coherencia e ilación de sus ideas y una inclinación a un modelo más abstracto y completo, como es el modelo precientífico molecular. Se propone entonces abordar la argumentación científica en clase de Ciencias como acción que favorece el pensamiento crítico y el conocimiento científico escolar.
Etnomatemática y medidas. Un estudio con comerciantes de un mercado del suroeste mexicano
Authors: Rodríguez-Nieto Camilo Andrés , Morales-Garcia Lizzet , Muñoz-Orozco Adrián , Navarro-Sandoval Catalina
Published: December 2021

El propósito de este artículo de investigación es caracterizar las medidas utilizadas por comerciantes de un mercado ubicado en la región centro del estado de Guerrero en el suroeste de México. El trabajo se fundamentó en el Programa Etnomatemática y en las acepciones de unidad de medida no convencional y unidad de medida colmada. El estudio es cualitativo con un enfoque etnográfico. Para la recolección de los datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis comerciantes voluntarios. Los resultados evidenciaron que los comerciantes utilizan unidades de medidas no convencionales como el litro, el cuartillo, la arpilla, la tara y la caja como unidad de medida de capacidad en la venta de productos como chile, semilla de calabaza, naranja, maracuyá, entre otros. Además, se muestran relaciones entre el cuartillo 1-litro 1 y cuartillo 2-litro 2, arpilla cuartillo 1, arpilla 30 kg-arpilla 15 kg y tara-arpilla 30 kg. Se concluye que las medidas identificadas pueden ser utilizadas en el diseño de problemas contextualizados y contribuir a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los sistemas de medidas propios de la región.
Funcionamiento diferencial condicional a la modalidad de estudios en los ítems de la prueba de matemáticas PSU
Authors: Ovalle-Ramírez Claudia Patricia
Published: December 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer si en los ítems de la prueba de selección universitaria (PSU) de matemáticas de la aplicación 2018, hay un funcionamiento diferencial. El grupo minoritario lo conforman los estudiantes de modalidad media técnica y el grupo mayoritario, los estudiantes de la media académica en Chile. Para el estudio se llevó a cabo un análisis de funcionamiento diferencial (DIF) con el estadístico χ2 de Mantel Haenszel y para las diferencias en los parámetros entre grupos estos se calcularon con el modelo de 2pl y 3pl y se representaron gráficamente estas diferencias por subprueba del test de matemáticas a partir del modelo 1pl. Los resultados indican que hay un funcionamiento diferencial en todas las formas de la prueba de matemáticas de la PSU (a favor del grupo mayoritario) y aunque no se presentan ítems con sesgo crítico, persiste un sesgo mínimo o de categoría A. En el modelo 3pl se confirma que, aunque el índice de pseudo-azar es más alto para los ítems respondidos por estudiantes de la modalidad técnico profesional (TP), la diferencia en los parámetros de dificultad es más acentuada. Las diferencias en la dificultad de cada ítem entre los grupos (media técnico profesional y media académica) se extienden a todos los contenidos evaluados en las subpruebas de matemáticas (álgebra, geometría, aritmética y probabilidad) y afecta en mayor medida al grupo TP.
Tareas investigativas mediadas por tecnologías digitales. Una conceptualización de saberes movilizados por profesores de matemáticas en formación continua
Authors: Gutiérrez-Araujo Rafael Enrique , Pazuch Vinícius , Prieto G. Juan Luis
Published: December 2021

Desarrollar las capacidades del profesor para gestionar curricularmente las tareas matemáticas que propone en el aula es un objetivo de la formación docente que ha cobrado gran relevancia en los últimos años. Inmerso en esta temática, el presente artículo de reflexión plantea una manera de entender cómo profesores de matemáticas movilizan saberes acerca de la resolución, el análisis y el diseño de tareas investigativas de geometría dinámica (TIGD) para la enseñanza de las matemáticas durante el desarrollo de actividades de formación continua. Para lograr este objetivo, se definen los conceptos de saber y labor conjunta según la teoría de la objetivación y se destacan sus principales características. Posteriormente, se adaptan estos conceptos al contexto de actividades de resolución, análisis y diseño de TIGD en la formación continua de profesores de matemáticas, para conceptualizar a continuación tres tipos de labor conjunta (resolución, análisis y diseño) y tres saberes profesionales susceptibles de movilización en ese contexto formativo. Para cada uno de estos saberes, se describen las acciones y reflexiones específicas que pueden caracterizar a cada tipo de labor conjunta desplegada por los profesores durante la formación. Finalmente, se concluye que la aproximación teórica aquí expuesta no es un producto acabado, sino una reflexión crítica de partida que podrá ser refinada eventualmente al analizar procesos formativos específicos en geometría, orientados hacia la resolución, el análisis y el diseño de TIGD para la enseñanza de las matemáticas en la educación básica.
Actitud hacia la estadística en estudiantes de educación media y universitaria según el sexo
Authors: Ávila-Toscano José Hernando , Tovar-Ortega Teremy , Herrera-Romero Hernando
Published: December 2021

Las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la estadística determinan formas de pensar, sentir y actuar respecto a los contenidos de esta asignatura, siendo un fenómeno generalmente abordado en la educación superior. En este artículo de investigación se presenta el estudio que se desarrolló con el objetivo de analizar comparativamente las actitudes hacia la estadística de estudiantes de educación media y universitaria, incluyendo comparaciones según el sexo. Por medio de un diseño transversal comparativo de grupos naturales, se evaluaron las actitudes Afectiva, Cognitiva, Valor y Dificultad en 128 estudiantes colombianos. Los resultados indican poco acercamiento afectivo por la asignatura, percepción baja de dificultad y de escaso valor práctico, sin que existan diferencias significativas entre los grupos analizados. Los datos sugieren que la estadística despierta poco interés en el estudiantado y que las actitudes desarrolladas desde el bachillerato pueden perdurar hasta su formación universitaria, por lo cual es necesario aplicar estrategias desde la educación temprana para el fomento de una cultura estadística.
Percepciones y expectativas profesionales en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Física
Authors: Cardona-Zapata Mónica Eliana , Carmona-Mesa Jaime Andrés , Arias-Gil Vanessa
Published: December 2021

La identidad profesional docente es un eje fundamental en la formación de profesores. Su estudio desde los primeros niveles de formación permite comprender su configuración e incidencia en las prácticas pedagógicas. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar los rasgos de identidad profesional que tienen los estudiantes de un programa de Licenciatura en Física a partir de sus percepciones y expectativas sobre la profesión docente, así como valorar los aportes del espacio de formación Práctica Pedagógica I en el reconocimiento de la construcción de dicha identidad. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque biográfico- narrativo y recurrió a la elaboración de cartas y a la autoevaluación como instrumentos para el registro de la información. Como principal hallazgo se informa la transformación de las concepciones de los estudiantes sobre la profesión docente, logrando reconocer los diferentes componentes de la construcción de la identidad y aplicarlos en su reconocimiento como futuros profesores.
The participatory process in the review of the Master Plan of Vitória (2014-2018)
Authors: Mendes Maressa Correa Pereira , Goulart Jefferson Oliveira
Published: December 2021

The Federal Constitution of 1988 defined the Master Plan as a 'basic instrument' of urban development policy and subsequent legislation, which regulated the Urban Policy chapter (Estatuto da Cidade, Federal Law No. 10,257 / 2001), reinforced a set of participatory requirements in the availability and implementation of the corresponding policies. Based on this new institutional arrangement, this research paper analyzes a participatory structure in the process of reviewing the Master Plan for the municipality of Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo, in the period 2014-2018. The investigation took as an analytical parameter the participatory methodology proposed by the Ministry of Cities, whose distinguishing feature was the dissemination of democratic management instruments. The empirical analysis shows that several participatory mechanisms were implemented, such as public hearings of regional and social segments, thematic seminars, round tables, territorial assemblies, implementation of a collaborative website, involvement of the Municipal Council of the Urban Master Plan (CMPDU) and realization of the Municipal Conference on Urban Policy (Encontro da Cidade), in which the draft of the Master Plan bill was presented, discussed and voted on. Thus, the process incorporated the participatory methodology recommended by the Ministry of Cities and the corresponding legislation. The effectiveness of participation according to the guidelines of the City Statute is still an ongoing process, but the inclusion of democratic management mechanisms is a reality in Vitória, constituting an institutional advance.
The Industrial Heritage of the Araraquara Railway
Authors: Destro Marina Guimarães , Salcedo Rosio Fernández Baca
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the industrial heritage of the 20th century in Catanduva-SP, having as object of analysis the Railway Villages of the old company Estrada de Ferro Araraquara (EFA), located in the São Francisco and Higienópolis neighborhoods. The justification of the theme is supported by the lack of research on the railway village of Catanduva, the lack of knowledge of the complex and the lack of recognition of its value as cultural heritage. In this context, the work aims to document and inventory railroad villages in the São Francisco and Higienópolis de Catanduva neighborhoods, and to propose guidelines for their safeguarding. The working methodologies used were Historical Research and Case Study, based on a documentary survey on the object of analysis and on-site visit. As a result, 13 bungalow-style residences were identified, most of them in good condition. As safeguard guidelines, the conservation, preservation, restoration and rehabilitation of these residences were proposed so that they maintain their physical structures and the internal organization of the rooms, meet the needs and expectations of users and preserve their cultural significance.
Features of Attracting Prisoners to Loading
and Unloading Operations in the Trading Ports
of the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Klimenko E. P.
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the activities of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, prisoners’ labor was actively used in trade ports of the Black Sea coast. The legal basis for this process was normative acts obliging certain categories of prisoners to hard physical labor. The economic factor was the desire to reduce the cost, on the one hand, the costs of maintaining convicts, on the other hand, the costs of production, loading and unloading operations in commercial ports, and the desire of the port authorities to streamline and stabilize the these types of labor.
The Path of a Lawyer in the Time of Changes
Authors: Lafitsky V. I.
Published: December 2021

For the first time in the scientific literature, the stages of formation and the role of lawyers as custodians of civilization and the highest values of law at different stages of state and legal development are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the content of the era of changes, coming at the turn of the last two millennia. In search of an answer to the question of what consequences can cause the era of changes, the author studies the teachings of Hegel, Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Polybio on the cycles of state and legal development; establishes the factors identifying the first sunrise of the state and law in the Promised Land and the role of judges played in their formation. The author studies the process of formation of law schools in ancient Rome, in Baghdad and Cordoba caliphates, in India, Italy, France, England, some other countries in Western Europe; identifies the features of the development and the tasks of schools of law in the USA, Germany, Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuriesy; points out the tasks of the lawyers in the 21st century in preventing the degradation and decay of the existing forms of state and law.
The Genesis of the Welfare State:
Criteria for Periodization
Authors: Chupilkina A. F.
Published: December 2021

The “social question” and the disclosure of a wide range of the category “social state” are among the most popular in the research of scientists of various sciences. Political scientists, sociologists, economists, philosophers, historians and lawyers present us in the most favorable light the possibilities of the state influence of the past on the well-being of citizens through active and diverse intervention in various spheres of life. However, there is still no unified idea about the genesis of the social state and its features.
The purpose of the study is not just to proclaim new stages in the evolution of the idea of a social state, but to establish clear criteria for their definition, which it is proposed to designate as a set (system) of the following features: 1) evolution (change, improvement) of the type of thinking, theoretical approaches; 2) economic and industrial evolution (change or improvement of economic and industrial relations); 3) legislation that affects the viability of the state; 4) the degree of satisfaction with the life of citizens (according to the results of independent sociological surveys).
Based on the conducted historical analysis, it is concluded that the origins of the social state have their roots in Ancient Greece during the times of Solon and Pisistratus, who showed practical examples of social reformations.
A Critical View of the Theory of Self-Actualization
through the Analysis of Basic Needs
of a Self-Serving Criminal
Authors: Zheludkov M. А. , Kovalevsky V. Е.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in the prevention of mercenary crime, a new participant is included in social relations – a self-serving criminal. As has been repeatedly noted at various conferences, a number of practical and theoretical problems, which deserve close attention, arise in the field of cognition of social and psychophysiological traits, properties and qualities of such a person. The article attempts to answer the question why there exists a certain type of people who having revealed and developed their personal abilities, satisfied their personal needs, and reached the level of self-actualization, still do not strive for spiritual growth, but take actions aimed at committing mercenary crimes. For the first time the article raised questions about the development of the mechanism of self-serving behavior, and then outlined the targeted guidelines of the study to study the needs of the identity of a self-serving criminal, taking into account various views on the theory of self-actualization of such a person.
Features of the Legal Status Self-Employed Citizens
Authors: Izmalkov A. V. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Kuznetsov P. A. , Kuzmenko E. Yu.
Published: December 2021

The issues of the legal status of self-employed citizens are of interest not only from a legal point of view. Citizens who decide to use this tax regime are faced with many questions. In this regard, it is of interest to systematically analyze the legal status of self-employed citizens, taking into account the historical experience of our country. At different stages of the historical development of our state, this legal problem was solved in different ways by means of various regulatory legal acts. Of particular interest is the current interaction of self-employed citizens and individual entrepreneurs who carry out their activities in the manner prescribed by law. The analysis carried out will make it possible to determine the main directions of improving the legal status of self-employed citizens, to eliminate the ambiguities of certain provisions of tax legislation.
Selecting Lighting Sources with Optical-Electronic Control
of Fruit Quality
Authors: Zhirkova A. A. , Balabanov P. V. , Divin A. G.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the radiation spectrum of various sources used
in technical vision systems is carried out. Recommendations are given on the choice
of the type of source for problems of optical control in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared ranges of radiation spectra.
To the Development of the Phenomenology
of Fast Shear Flows of Grain Materials
Authors: Dolgunin V. N. , Ivanov O. O. , Akopyan S. A.
Published: December 2021

Phenomenological approaches to describing the rheological behavior of granular materials under conditions of rapid and quasi-plastic shear deformations are considered. A unified approach to the phenomenological-logical description of the physical parameter, called the temperature of the granular medium, and the mechanisms of shear stress generation is proposed. A description is given of the mechanism
for generating shear stresses under the action of a flow of pulses directed along
the shear rate gradient and caused by transverse quasi-diffusion of particles.
This mechanism is taken into account in the rheological model in addition to
the traditional mechanism of generating kinetic shear stresses under the action
of tangential shock pulses.