bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE CONCEPT FOR RAILWAY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CONTRACT
Authors: Rahman Herawati Zetha , Miraj Perdana , Petroceany Jade Sjafrecia
Published: February 2020

Most of Indonesia’s railway investment is supported from the government budget where the operation and maintenance conducted by PT KAI – a sole state owned enterprise in railway industry. Currently, the government attempt to attract private sectors in railway infrastructure by contracting out operation and maintenance. However, limited experience in formulating suitable contract makes the progress relatively slow. The objective of this research is to examine alternative contract in operation and maintenance for Indonesia’s railway transportation by taking Greater Jakarta Light Rail Transit (LRT) as the case study. It will consider financial components that consist of net present value, internal rate of return and payback period to produce targeted output. This research generates two simulations; (1) a simple contract where the government covers investment cost; procurement of rolling stock; and construction of stabling yard and depot. Meanwhile, the winner from tendering process have to conduct operation and maintenance for both the infrastructure and rolling stock; (2) a lease contract where a winner from tendering process require to pay lease fee through selected government body to run the operation and maintenance. The result shows simple contact where the operator only responsible for operating and maintaining the infrastructure and rolling stock is more favorable to attract private investment.
RACKING PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE FILLED COLD-FORMED STEEL PANELS
Authors: Kasaeian Shahrzad , Ronagh Hamid R. , Nikoonejad Reza
Published: February 2020

The implementation of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) as a structural element is almost new. As a light weight material, CFS members in the earthquake impose low inertia force to the structure. So greatly increased worldwide demand for such structures. Due to the thin-walled nature of CFS they are susceptible to buckling. Great efforts had been made to promote the lateral load resistance of CFS panels. The common bracing methods are not capable of economically resisting the high demands imposed on the system in highly seismic regions. In some instances, all panels are to be covered with Oriented Strand Board or steel sheeting in order to adequately address the anticipated earthquake load, and this renders the system too expensive. A promising method to combat this deficiency is to fill the cavity in between the panel studs with concrete. Results showed that a panel made in such a manner was able to resist the lateral loads three times more effectively than a similar configuration panel but with strap bracing. The strength, ductility and earthquake response factor of such a system were the major concerns. The experimental tests were performed on a 1.2 m × 2.4 m wall with three different configurations of studs and tracks.
USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND COMPUTER VISION IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Authors: Abbas Mohamad , Mneymneh Bahaa Eddine , Khoury Hiam
Published: February 2020

Construction is unarguably one of the most dangerous industries whereby many hazardous tasks and conditions exist, which may pose injuries, risks and fatalities to the workers. Hence, safety inspections are continuously carried out to maintain a safe environment. These typically involve safety officers who circulate around the construction site to detect unsafe working conditions, and ensure compliance with health and safety regulations. However, the task of efficiently supervising a large number of workers and consistently identifying all possible violations is still considered manual and tedious. Therefore, this paper takes the initial steps and presents work targeted at automating the safety inspection process using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These are commonly known as drones and are small, aerial camera-equipped robots capable of rapidly visualizing spacious environments. More specifically, in this study, a UAV system is used to capture real-time videos from a construction site. The videos are then streamed to a central automated system and analyzed using digital image processing techniques to check whether construction workers are wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hard hats. The components of the proposed system were created and preliminary results highlighted the potential of using camera-equipped UAVs and computer vision to automate safety inspections in construction environments.
MODERNIZATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION STRUCTURE OF CRITICALLY IMPORTANT INFORMATIZATION OBJECTS BASED ON THE SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE DECISIONS
Authors: Kostin V. N.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the modernization of the structure of physical protection by choosing effective solutions. A feature of the solution of the problem is the use of Markov circuits to model the functioning of physical protection and experiment theory in order to obtain an efficiency function to determine the rational version of modernization of the physical protection structure. Each perpetrator 's path and physical defense response to penetration was modeled by two information-linked Markov chains. The first chain is the intruder penetration path, the second chain is the physical protection response to penetration. An indicator of the effectiveness of physical protection is the probability of finding the information of a critical object in a safe state (probability of fulfilling the functional purpose of physical protection). A general assessment of the security of information was made based on the most pessimistic result of the physical protection response to the intruder 's penetration. An active factor experiment was conducted on the Markov model of physical protection functioning. The factors of the experiment are structural changes in engineering equipment for physical protection, aimed at improving the efficiency of information protection. According to the results of the factor experiment on the Markovsky model, the response function was obtained - the increment of the efficiency of physical protection to the cost of modernization costs. Based on the analysis of the obtained response function to achieve the maximum increment of the efficiency/cost function, the center of the experiment plan shifted towards the maximum function factor by an amount providing predetermined physical protection efficiency requirements. Thus, a mathematically sound way of structural modernization of physical protection is proposed, as well as parameters of structural modernization ensuring the required efficiency.
Some European roots of the personality cult phenomenon – the attempt of comparative approach
Authors: Żyromski Marek
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is an attempt of comparative approach to the personality cult phenomenon, which formed the distinctive feature of three totalitarian political systems developed in Europe after the first world war, namely Italy during the rule of Benito Mussolini, Nazi Third Reich and the Stalinist Soviet Union. And so, after some general presentation of personality cults centered on three leaders of these totalitarian political systems, four general questions had been analyzed. These were as follows: some so-called “cult products”, some methods used in the cult’s propaganda, some functions of the cult of personality and finally some attitudes of totalitarian political leaders toward the cult of personality.
Hungarian referendum on distribution of migration quotas. What about the European solidarity?
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena
Published: February 2020

In recent years national referenda have become popular instruments for making decisions on very problematic European issues (Grexit, Brexit, migration crisis). The Hungarian vote of 2016 on refugee quotas distribution seems to be one of them. Next to its importance in the Euopean context, the 2016 referendum was devoted to a very difficult and socially important problem. It is argued that this national referendum was a maneuver of Hungarian Prime Minister Victor Orban against the European Union, its solidarity and common interests. Having in mind that the migration crises should be treated as a joint challenge for the entire EU and all its member states should take a part of responsibility in seeking the proper solutions satisfying all MS – the main objective of this paper was to answer the question about the course and consequences of Hungarian referendum of 2016 for realization of the solidarity principle. The article aimed also at finding answers to the questions about the role of referendum on problematic/controversial issues in Hungary and about the factors impacting the voters decision.
Militarne zaangażowanie Niemiec w Afryce – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Kruk Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

W artykule analizowano zmiany polityki Niemiec wobec Afryki w obszarze bezpieczeństwa, które cechuje odchodzenie od kultury wstrzemięźliwości w kierunku polityki odpowiedzialności, postulowanej m.in. przez prezydenta Joachima Gaucka oraz minister ds. obrony Ursulę von der Leyen. Niemiecka polityka bezpieczeństwa wobec Afryki opiera się na zasadzie multilateralizmu i wynika ze zobowiązań sojuszniczych, mimo że niemieckie społeczeństwo sceptycznie ocenia skuteczność wysyłania żołnierzy do Afryki.
The Polish Vision of EU Future: Imitation of the Hungarian Model?
Authors: Tosiek Piotr
Published: February 2020

The argument of this article is based on the assumption that the Hungarian EU model and the imitative Polish EU vision are based on Euroscepticism, creating the concepts equally incompatible with Western standards of democracy and the EU mainstream views. The strong articulation of extreme opinions leads to the isolation, while in the light of liberal intergovernmentalism it is the Polish concept that undermines the relative position of that state in the EU system more than the Hungarian one. First, compared with Hungary, Poland has completely different interests based on a Russian threat and geographical location. Second, due to its size Poland could be a relatively strong player in the EU, while presentation of a radical concept weakens its role, making it impossible to act as intermediary, an honest broker or a group leader. On the contrary, the Hungarian model, based on a similar concept but applied to a small political actor, can strengthen the relatively marginal position of that state, being a beneficial way to achieve some goals in tactical games.
Für eine neue Entspannungspolitik!
Authors: Crome Erhard
Published: February 2020

Eine der großen Illusionen am Ende der Blockkonfrontation war, dass nun dauerhaft Frieden, Sicherheit und Stabilität in Europa herrschen würden. Tatsächlich haben sich neue Spannungsfelder herausgebildet. Die NATO wurde praktisch bis an die russische Grenze ausgedehnt, obwohl der Sowjetunion 1990 etwas anderes versprochen worden war. Die weltweiten Rüstungsausgaben liegen um ein Viertel höher als am Ende des Kalten Krieges. Deutschland ist wieder zentrale Macht des Europas westlich von Russland und die Wiederkehr der „deutschen Frage“ wurde neuerlich zum Problem. Der Putsch in Kiew und die Eingliederung der Krim in Russland 2014 sowie die nachfolgenden gegenseitigen Sanktionen zwischen der EU und Russland haben die Spannungen weiter verschärft. Es gilt jedoch, sich von allen Kriegsführungsszenarien zu verabschieden, strikt einem Konzept der Kriegsverhinderung zu folgen und politische Lösungen zu schaffen. Das kann nur auf der Basis friedlicher Koexistenz und mit einer neuen Entspannungspolitik erreicht werden.
Zmiany w polityce obronnej wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej w latach 2014–2017
Authors: Lasoń Marcin
Published: February 2020

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie relacji pomiędzy wydarzeniami, które miały miejsce na Ukrainie w 2014 roku i latach następnych, a zmianami w politykach obronnych wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej. Autor zakłada, że przynajmniej część z państw należących do Unii Europejskiej zmieniła swoją politykę obronną. Ograniczyła redukcję wydatków obronnych, a nawet rozpoczęła ich zwiększanie. Szczególnie w państwach graniczących z Federacją Rosyjską. Weryfikację tej hipotezy można przeprowadzić w oparciu o publikowane w latach 2014–2017 białe księgi obronności, lub dokumenty o tożsamym charakterze. Ponadto poprzez wskazanie działań (lub ich braku) realizowanych przez rządy państw zgodnie z przyjętymi założeniami. Za właściwą perspektywę badawczą uznano podejście neorealistyczne.
The EU’s migration policy and immigration/refugeeism in the EU in 2016–2018
Authors: Adamczyk Anita
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the European Union’s response to the influx of immigrants in 2016–2018. The author argues that the activity of EU countries had an impact on limiting the number of immigrants arriving in the EU, although this was not the only element reducing the number of third-country nationals crossing the EU’s external borders. In order to verify the above, an analysis of activities was conducted regarding agreements with third countries (Turkey, Libya) and the protection of internal and external borders. The article also shows how the numbers of immigrants/refugees to EU countries fluctuated after the 2015 migration crisis.
KURUM İMAJINI OLUŞTURAN KURUM KİMLİĞİ BOYUTLARI BAĞLAMINDA ÖRGÜTE BAĞLILIĞIN İNCELENMESİ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ERKMEN Turhan , ÇERİK Şule
Published: February 2020

Kurumsal başarı, rekabet üstünlüğü ve kurumsal değerin artırılması bakımından önem taşıyan kurum imajı kavramı, tüm kurumlar için olduğu kadar üniversiteler için de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Üniversitenin nasıl bir imaja sahip olduğu ve bu imajın nasıl algılandığı kadar kurumsal bağlılık da, kurumsal başarı açısından önemli bir kavramdır. İmaja bağlı olarak kurumsal bağlılık da gelişir veya kurumsal bağlılığın yüksek olması kurumsal imajın gelişimine katkılar sağlar.
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi öğrencileri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin imaj algılarını etkileyen faktörler, kuruma bağlılıkla ilişkileri çerçevesinde incelenmiş, anket yoluyla toplanan veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin kurum imajını oluşturan kurum kimliği ile ilgili; bölüm yönetim davranışı, eğitim hedefleri konusunda bilgilendirilme, oryantasyon programları, bölüm öğretim üyeleri ile ilişkiler, araç-gereç ve fiziki olanaklar, üniversitenin tanınırlığı ve sosyo-kiiltürel olanakları gibi konulardaki algıları irdelenmiştir. Fakülte öğrencilerinin kuruma bağlılıkları ile kurum imajına ilişkin boyutları algılamaları arasında p=0,00 değerinde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu konu çerçevesinde araştırma ile ilgili bulgulara yer verilmiştir.
İNTERNETLE BANKACILIKTA TÜKETİCİ GÜVENİNİN KULLANIMA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ANTAKYA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: URAL Tülin , KORKMAZ Emine Vasfiye
Published: February 2020

Bu araştırmada, tüketicilerin internetle bankacılık hizmetlerine güvenmelerinde etkili olan faktörler İncelenmektedir. Araştırma amaçları şu şekilde saptanmıştır: (l)Güveni belirleyen değişkenleri anlamlı faktörlere indirgemek, (2) Tüketicilerin güven düzeyinin ve demografik özelliklerinin, internet bankacılığından şimdi yararlanma, gelecekte kullanma ve internet bankacılığını başkalarına tavsiye etme niyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini sınamak. Araştırma Antakya’da farklı meslek gruplarında yer alan 96 tüketiciyi kapsamaktadır. Tüketicilerin faktörlerle ilgili algılamaları esas alınmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonuçlarına göre, bankanın teknik güvenirliliği sağladığına ve pazar yönlü olduğuna ilişkin tüketici algısı tüketici güvenini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Tüketiciler, güven düzeyleri arttıkça internet bankacılığını daha fazla kullanmaktadırlar. Benzer şekilde güven artışı gelecekte internet bankacılığından yararlanma niyetini ve başkalarına tavsiye etme niyetini olumlu etkilemektedir.
YENİDEN YAPILANDIRMA SONRASI TÜRK BANKACILIK SİSTEMİ
Authors: KOZANOĞLU Hayri , SELÇUK Bora
Published: February 2020

Finansal sistemin en önemli bileşenlerinden bankacılık sektörü, ekonomik politikaların tamamlayıcı unsurlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bununla beraber, bankalar diğer tamamlayıcılardan farklı olarak ulusal ve uluslararası ekonomik faktörlerden daha fazla etkilenen kırılgan bir yapı sergilemektedir. Yakın dönemde birçok ülke finansal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Öncelikle bankaların kırılganlıklarını çözmek için ve bankacılık sisteminin sağlıklı işlemesini temin amacıyla yetkililer sorunlu bankalara müdahale etme ve yeniden yapılandırma yolunu seçmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın başlıca amacı, literatürdeki bankacılık yeniden yapılandırma politikalarının ve performans değerlendirme uygulamalarının bir özetini yapmaktır. Uluslararası örnekler paralelinde Türk bankacılık sisteminde de finansal, operasyonel ve yapısal yeniden yapılandırma çabalarına girişilmiştir. Finansal kriz sonrasında girişilen bankacılık yeniden yapılandırma faaliyetleri tamamlanmışsa da operasyonel yapısal yeniden yapılandırma çalışmalarının sürdürülmesi gereklidir. Bankacılık sisteminde gerçek misyonu teşkil eden sistemik riskin azalması umut verse de sistemin reel ekonominin finansmanında yeterince etkin olamadığı gözlenmektedir.
EKONOMİK KRİZLERDE KISA VADELİ SERMAYE HAREKETLERİNİN ROLÜ VE IMF’NİN KRİZ YÖNETİMİ
Authors: AKALIN Gülsüm , UÇAK Ayhan
Published: February 2020

Dünya ekonomisinde daha çok gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, 1980’li yılların başından itibaren yaşanan pek çok finansal krizde kısa vadeli sermaye hareketlerinin etkileri belirgindir. Yaşanan krizler makroekonomik göstergelerin ve sosyal yapının bozulmasına yol açmaktadır. IMF ise hem kriz öncesi hem de kriz sonrası uygulattığı yanlış politikalarla ülkelerin makro dengelerinin daha da bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle uluslararası piyasalarda kısa vadeli sermaye hareketlerinin gelişimi ve IMF'nin bu gelişmedeki rolü ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra Latin Amerika, Güney Doğu Asya'da söz konusu spekülatif sermaye hareketlerinin kriz başlatma etkisi ve IMF'nin kriz yönetimi sorgulanmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye Kasım 2000 ve Şubat 2001 krizleri de bu açıdan değerlendirilmiştir.
COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİNİN İLK VE ORTAÖĞRETİM COĞRAFYA DERSLERİNDE BİR ÖĞRETİM ARACI OLARAK KULLANILMASI: ÖNEM, İLKE VE METOTLAR
Authors: DEMİRCİ Ali
Published: February 2020

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) coğrafya bilimine araştırma ve eğitim alanında büyük yenilikler kazandırmıştır. CBS, öğretmen ve öğrenciler açısından taşımış olduğu büyük pedagojik avantajları nedeniyle, özellikle son on yıldır pek çok ülkenin ilk ve ortaöğretim coğrafya derslerinde kullanılmaktadır. Öğrencilerin bir yandan anlatılan coğrafi konuları aktif olarak öğrenmeleri, diğer yandan da çok yönlü becerilerini geliştirmelerine imkan tanıyan CBS, bir eğitim aracı olarak Türkiye’de yeterince tanınmamakta ve bu sistemden etkin olarak istifade edilmemektedir. Türkiye’de coğrafya öğretiminin öğrenci merkezli ve beceri geliştirmeye dayalı bir yapıya kavuşturulmasında CBS’den büyük fayda sağlanılabilir. Bu çalışmada; CBS’nin coğrafya öğretimi açısından önemi, ilk ve ortaöğretim coğrafya öğretiminde bir araç olarak nasıl kullanılması gerektiği gibi konulara açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View
Authors: Habibzadeh Parham , Stoneman Emily K.
Published: February 2020

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, which initially began in China, has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. With a death toll exceeding that of the SARS-CoV outbreak back in 2002 and 2003 in China, 2019-nCoV has led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. Herein, we present on an overview of the currently available information on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this virus.
Integrating CRISPR Engineering and hiPSC-Derived 2D Disease Modeling Systems
Authors: Rehbach Kristina , Fernando Michael B. , Brennand Kristen J.
Published: February 2020

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized research on human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, making it possible to study mechanisms of disease risk and initiation in otherwise inaccessible patient-specific cells. Today, the integration of CRISPR engineering approaches with hiPSC-based models permits precise isogenic comparisons of human neurons and glia. This review is intended as a guideline for neuroscientists and clinicians interested in translating their research to hiPSC-based studies. It offers state-of-the-art approaches to tackling the challenges that are unique to humanin vitrodisease models, particularly interdonor and intradonor variability, and limitations in neuronal maturity and circuit complexity. Finally, we provide a detailed overview of the immense possibilities the field has to offer, highlighting efficient neural differentiation and induction strategies for the major brain cell types and providing perspective into integrating CRISPR-based methods into study design. The combination of hiPSC-based disease modeling, CRISPR technology, and high-throughput approaches promises to advance our scientific knowledge and accelerate progress in drug discovery.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Studying Human Neurodevelopment and Diseases Using 3D Brain Organoids, by Ai Tian, Julien Muffat, and Yun Li
Studying Human Neurodevelopment and Diseases Using 3D Brain Organoids
Authors: Tian Ai , Muffat Julien , Li Yun
Published: February 2020

In vitrodifferentiation of pluripotent stem cells provides a systematic platform to study development and disease. Recent advances in brain organoid technology have created new opportunities to investigate the formation and function of the human brain, under physiological and pathological conditions. Brain organoids can be generated to model the cellular and structural development of the human brain, and allow the investigation of the intricate interactions between resident neural and glial cell types. Combined with new advances in gene editing, imaging, and genomic analysis, brain organoid technology can be applied to address questions pertinent to human brain development, disease, and evolution. However, the current iterations of brain organoids also have limitations in faithfully recapitulating thein vivoprocesses. In this perspective, we evaluate the recent progress in brain organoid technology, and discuss the experimental considerations for its utilization.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Integrating CRISPR Engineering and hiPSC-Derived 2D Disease Modeling Systems, by Kristina Rehbach, Michael B. Fernando, and Kristen J. Brennand
Modifying the Adult Rat Tonotopic Map with Sound Exposure Produces Frequency Discrimination Deficits That Are Recovered with Training
Authors: Thomas Maryse E. , Lane Conor P. , Chaudron Yohann M.J. , Cisneros-Franco J. Miguel , de Villers-Sidani Étienne
Published: February 2020

Frequency discrimination learning is often accompanied by an expansion of the functional region corresponding to the target frequency within the auditory cortex. Although the perceptual significance of this plastic functional reorganization remains debated, greater cortical representation is generally thought to improve perception for a stimulus. Recently, the ability to expand functional representations through passive sound experience has been demonstrated in adult rats, suggesting that it may be possible to design passive sound exposures to enhance specific perceptual abilities in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult female Long–Evans rats to 2 weeks of moderate-intensity broadband white noise followed by 1 week of 7 kHz tone pips, a paradigm that results in the functional over-representation of 7 kHz within the adult tonotopic map. We then tested the ability of exposed rats to identify 7 kHz among distractor tones on an adaptive tone discrimination task. Contrary to our expectations, we found that map expansion impaired frequency discrimination and delayed perceptual learning. Rats exposed to noise followed by 15 kHz tone pips were not impaired at the same task. Exposed rats also exhibited changes in auditory cortical responses consistent with reduced discriminability of the exposure tone. Encouragingly, these deficits were completely recovered with training. Our results provide strong evidence that map expansion alone does not imply improved perception. Rather, plastic changes in frequency representation induced by bottom-up processes can worsen perceptual faculties, but because of the very nature of plasticity these changes are inherently reversible.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe potent ability of our acoustic environment to shape cortical sensory representations throughout life has led to a growing interest in harnessing both passive sound experience and operant perceptual learning to enhance mature cortical function. We use sound exposure to induce targeted expansions in the adult rat tonotopic map and find that these bottom-up changes unexpectedly impair performance on an adaptive tone discrimination task. Encouragingly, however, we also show that training promotes the recovery of electrophysiological measures of reduced neural discriminability following sound exposure. These results provide support for future neuroplasticity-based treatments that take into account both the sensory statistics of our external environment and perceptual training strategies to improve learning and memory in the adult auditory system.
Social Stimuli Induce Activation of Oxytocin Neurons Within the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus to Promote Social Behavior in Male Mice
Authors: Resendez Shanna L. , Namboodiri Vijay Mohan K. , Otis James M. , Eckman Louisa E.H. , Rodriguez-Romaguera Jose , Ung Randall L. , Basiri Marcus L. , Kosyk Oksana , Rossi Mark A. , Dichter Gabriel S. , Stuber Garret D.
Published: February 2020

Oxytocin (OT) is critical for the expression of social behavior across a wide array of species; however, the role of this system in the encoding of socially relevant information is not well understood. In the present study, we show that chemogenetic activation of OT neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of male mice (OT-Ires-Cre) enhanced social investigation during a social choice test, while chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons abolished typical social preferences. These data suggest that activation of the OT system is necessary to direct behavior preferentially toward social stimuli. To determine whether the presence of a social stimulus is sufficient to induce activation of PVH-OT neurons, we performed the first definitive recording of OT neurons in awake mice using two-photon calcium imaging. These recordings demonstrate that social stimuli activate PVH-OT neurons and that these neurons differentially encode social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that PVH-OT neurons may act to convey social salience of environmental stimuli. Finally, an attenuation of social salience is associated with social disorders, such as autism. We therefore also examined possible OT system dysfunction in a mouse model of autism,Shank3bknock-out (KO) mice. MaleShank3bKO mice showed a marked reduction in PVH-OT neuron number and administration of an OT receptor agonist improved social deficits. Overall, these data suggest that the presence of a social stimulus induces activation of the PVH-OT neurons to promote adaptive social behavior responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the oxytocin (OT) system is well known to regulate a diverse array of social behaviors, the mechanism in which OT acts to promote the appropriate social response is poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the presence of social conspecifics activates the OT system to generate an adaptive social response. Here, we selectively recorded from OT neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) to show that social stimulus exposure indeed induces activation of the OT system. We also show that activation of the OT system is necessary to promote social behavior and that mice with abnormal social behavior have reduced numbers of PVH-OT neurons. Finally, aberrant social behavior in these mice was rescued by administration of an OT receptor agonist.
Pioneras
Authors: Penix-Tadsen Phillip
Published: February 2020

This oral and written history examines three generations of pioneering women game developers from Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile—the South American region known as the Southern Cone. Each of the individuals interviewed—Marcela Nievas, Sofía Battegazzore, Maureen Berho, and Martina Santoro—offers insight on female leadership over three generations of precipitous growth in regional game development. Together, their personal and professional trajectories demonstrate how the embodied and material conditions of game production condition diverse histories of game development, challenging universalizing myths of a global game industry in which “anybody can make games.” At the same time, these four developers' histories working outside the conventional centers of the global game industry reflect the transformative role of women developers and game designers across the Global South in shaping three generations of global game culture.
Replaying Video Game History as a Mixtape of Black Feminist Thought
Authors: Russworm TreaAndrea M. , Blackmon Samantha
Published: February 2020

This article, a Black feminist mixtape, blends music, interviews, and critical analysis in order to demonstrate some of the ways in which Black women have impactfully engaged with the video game industry. Organized as musical “tracks,” it uses lyrics by Black women performers as a critical and cultural frame for understanding some of the work Black women have done with video games. In prioritizing the personal as not only political but also instructive for how we might think about digital media histories and feminism, each mixtape track focuses on Black women's lived experiences with games. As it argues throughout, Black feminism as defined and experienced by the Combahee River Collective of the 1970s has been an active and meaningful part of Black women's labor and play practices with video games.
Genetic Variation and Potential for Resistance Development to the tTA Overexpression Lethal System in Insects
Authors: Knudsen Katherine E , Reid William R , Barbour Traci M , Bowes Laci M , Duncan Juliana , Philpott Elaina , Potter Samantha , Scott Maxwell J
Published: February 2020

Release of insect pests carrying the dominant lethal tetracycline transactivator (tTA) overexpression system has been proposed as a means for population suppression. High levels of the tTA transcription factor are thought to be toxic due to either transcriptional squelching or interference with protein ubiquitination. Here we utilized the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to examine the influence of genetic variation on the efficacy of a female-specific tTA overexpression system. The level of female lethality between DGRP lines varied from 11 to 97% with a broad sense heritability of 0.89. A genome-wide association analysis identified 192 allelic variants associated with high or low lethality (P < 10−5), although none were significant when corrected for multiple testing. 151 of the variants fell within 108 genes that were associated with several biological processes including transcription and protein ubiquitination. In four lines with high female lethality, tTA RNA levels were similar or higher than in the parental tTA overexpression strain. In two lines with low lethality, tTA levels were about two fold lower than in the parental strain. However, in two other lines with low lethality, tTA levels were similar or approximately 30% lower. RNAseq analysis identified genes that were up or downregulated in the four low female lethal lines compared to the four high lethal lines. For example, genes associated with RNA processing and rRNA maturation were significantly upregulated in low lethal lines. Our data suggest that standing genetic variation in an insect population could provide multiple mechanisms for resistance to the tTA overexpression system.
Ciencia y tecnología para un desarrollo perdurable
Authors: Cantú-Martínez Pedro César
Published: February 2020

La ciencia y la tecnología es un saber transcendental que genera un auge económico en la sociedad. Su aportación al desarrollo sustentable consiste en la generación de capacidades sociales que permiten mostrar la autonomía socioeconómica para la resolución de los problemas más apremiantes. En el presente manuscrito se hace una exploración de este rol para enfrentar los desafíos actuales en un marco de carácter regional para América Latina y el Caribe.
El regionalismo post-liberal en Sudamérica: ¿en fase de despolitización? Los casos de ALBA, UNASUR y MERCOSUR
Authors: Alvarez María Victoria
Published: February 2020

Luego de cinco décadas de olas de auge y decadencia, el regionalismo en Sudamérica, en los primeros años del siglo XXI, fue repensado en un diseño post-liberal. En particular, una iniciativa de complementación y de cooperación materializada en el ALBA, y un esquema de diálogo intersectorial y cooperación política, la UNASUR. Por su parte, el MERCOSUR, un esquema resiliente de la anterior ola de regionalismo sudamericano, también se renovó en clave post-liberal.

Una década después del surgimiento del regionalismo post-liberal, se asiste a una fase de pérdida de dinamismo. En este trabajo describimos los últimos desarrollos en torno a ALBA y UNASUR, así como el MERCOSUR, siguiendo la perspectiva de Dabène de ciclos de politización. El interrogante es si estos esquemas se encuentran en una fase de despolitización. Si esto es así, nos preguntamos si serán lo suficientemente resilientes como para superar dicha fase y transitar hacia una de repolitización.
Frau Ava’s, the first named German female writer’s, poem Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ and its Lithuanian translation
Authors: Burov Aleksej , Vrubliauskaitė Ignė
Published: February 2020

The present article offers an overview of several poems written by Frau Ava (1060–1127), a German poetess whose literary works are virtually unknown in Lithuania. Ava, an anchoress in Melk Abbey, is the first named German female writer, who broke ‘the deep silence of German literature’ lasting over a century (Stein 1976, 5). All poems attributed to Frau Ava are of religious character: Johannes ‘John the Baptist’ (446 lines), Leben Jesu ‘Life of Jesus’ (2418 lines), Antichrist (118 lines) and Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ (406 lines), which make up an impressive biblical epic of 3388 lines. Leben Jesu, Antichrist and Jüngstes Gericht are found in the Vorau Manuscript dating the first half of the 12th century (Codex 276, 115va-125ra), whereas the Görlitz Manuscript (Codex A III. 1. 10), compiled in the 14th century but lost during World War II, contains the poem Johannes as well as the other poems mentioned above, excluding the epilogue of Jüngstes Gericht (lines 393-406).The article presents an overview of Frau Ava’s life and works as well as a Lithuanian translation of her poem Jüngstes Gericht, written in Early Middle High German (Ger. Frümittelhochdeutsch). The translation is based on Maike Glaußnitzer and Kassnadra Sperl’s text, published in 2014.
Aesthetic of carnivalesque: Johannisnacht by Uwe Timm and Lietuvis Vilniuje by Herkus Kunčius
Authors: Katinienė Violeta
Published: February 2020

Carnivalisation in literary prose has been gaining prominence both in Lithuanian and German literature. The present paper compares two novels, namely, Johannisnacht by Uwe Timm (1996) and Lietuvis Vilniuje by Herkus Kunčius (2011), related not merely through their themes of current affairs and reflections of the past, but also through poetics which continues the tradition of Carnivalesque. Although the two authors represent distinctly different cultural and literary backgrounds of two countries (West Germany and Lithuania), the novels transcend to a common intercultural space by their similar narrative strategies and carnivalised worldview.
Out of the Closet, into the World: The Power of Puppets in Jessie Burton’s The Miniaturist
Authors: Šlapkauskaitė Rūta
Published: February 2020

The present paper examines the tropological significance of miniature figures in Jessie Burton’s novel The Miniaturist. By highlighting the ways in which the narrative’s figural system negotiates the structural and conceptual dichotomies of human/doll, object/thing, interiority/exteriority, authenticity/artificiality, and mobility/stasis, this reading of Burton’s novel attempts to show how the literary text rethinks the social life of things and the ambiguity of subject-object relations in the seventeenth-century Netherlands. Aligned with the commercial circuits of material culture, which underscore the moral ambivalence of the novel’s Dutch society, material objects are shown to exceed their decorative function and reveal their destructive purchase on human life.
Modelling of phase transition and residual stresses in construction elements subjected to thermal loading
Authors: Hachkevych Oleksandr , Drobenko Bohdan , Astashkin Volodymyr , Budz Stepan , Budz Ihor , Chupyk Ihor
Published: February 2020

Numerical optimization method of local temperature curing for axis-symmetric shells made of titanium alloy based on Huke-Jives and finite element and method is developed. The phenomena of polymorphic transition during temperature changing is taken into account.
The system of powers of conformal mappings and biorthogonal to them systems of the functions
Authors: Ivasyk Halyna
Published: February 2020

In this article we review the methods of power summation of factors. The degree of factors which are arbitrary powers of summation indices are considered. We show that using the Poisson-Abel method only those series can be summarized the order of member increase of which is proportional to the exponent depending on the summation index. At the same time the Gauss-Weierstrass method and other power factors methods can be also applied to the series the terms of which increase in proportion to the exponential dependence of the indices summation.
Bounds of Adj-TVaR Prediction for Aggregate Risk
Authors: Syuhada Khreshna
Published: February 2020

In ﬁnancial and insurance industries, risks may come from several sources. It is therefore important to predict future risk by using the concept of aggregate risk. Risk measure prediction plays important role in allocating capital as well as in controlling (and avoiding) worse risk. In this paper, we consider several risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR), Tail VaR (TVaR) and its extension namely Adjusted TVaR (Adj-TVaR). Speciﬁcally, we perform an upper bound for such risk measure applied for aggregate risk models. The concept and property of comonotonicity and convex order are utilized to obtain such upper bound.Keywords:        Coherent property, comonotonic rv, convex order, tail property, Value-at-Risk (VaR).
Mathematical Model for MERS-COV Disease Transmission with Medical Mask Usage and Vaccination
Authors: Manaqib Muhammad , Fauziah Irma , Mujiyanti Mujiyanti
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study developed a model of the spread of MERS-CoV disease using the SEIR model which was added by a health mask and vaccination factor as a preventive measure. The population is divided into six subpopulations namely susceptible subpopulations not using health masks and using health masks, exposed subpopulations, infected subpopulations not using health masks and using health masks, and recovering subpopulations. The results are obtained two equilibrium points, namely disease-free equilibrium points and endemic equilibrium points. Analysis of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium point using linearization around the equilibrium point. As a result, the asymptotic stable disease-free local equilibrium point if the base reproduction number is less than one. Numerical simulation models for MERS-CoV disease are carried out in line with the analysis of model behavior.Keywords: MERS-CoV, SEIR Model, Stability Equilibrium Point, Basic Reproduction Number. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengembangkan model penyebaran penyakit MERS-CoV menggunakan model SEIR yang ditambahkan faktor masker kesehatan dan vaksinasi sebagai upaya pencegahan. Populasi dibagi menjadi enam subpopulasi yaitu subpopulasi rentan tidak menggunakan masker kesehatan dan menggunakan masker kesehatan, subpopulasi laten, subpopulasi terinfeksi tidak menggunakan masker kesehatan dan menggunakan masker kesehatan, serta subpopulasi sembuh. Hasilnya diperoleh dua titik ekuilibrium yaitu titik ekulibrium bebas penyakit dan endemik. Analisis kestabilan titik ekuilibrium bebas penyakit menggunakan linearisasi disekitar titik ekuilibrium. Hasilnya, titik ekuilibrium bebas penyakit stabil asimtotik lokal jika bilangan reproduksi dasar kurang dari satu. Simulasi numerik model untuk penyakit MERS-CoV yang dilakukan sejalan dengan analisis perilaku model.Kata kunci: MERS-CoV, Model SEIR, Kestabilan Titik Ekuilibrium, Bilangan Reproduksi Dasar.
Scientific approaches to the system of concepts of "national security": international legal aspect
Authors: Альван А.
Published: February 2020

Scientific approaches to the concept of "national security" are systematized in the article. The author substantiates that there are four main approaches to the concept of "national security". The first group - works devoted to the terminological characterization of national security. Another group - the authors define national security because of the state of protection of vital interests, the individual, society and the state against all kinds of threats. The third group is studies that analyze the types of national security, in particular: economic, environmental, financial, personnel, financial, social, etc. These characteristics reflect their socio-political nature, trace the unity of personal, public and state security, developing political and other processes. The fourth group of studies are those that pay attention to problems related to the correct use of the concept of "national security" and the possibility of its replacement. Fifth group - analyzes the interaction and correlation of threats and security.There is no single, well-defined definition of national security today. No matter what approach the authors use, there are different approaches, and in some cases, complications or simplifications of this category.In our opinion, national security should be understood as a state of protection of the individual, society and state against a wide range of internal and external threats, which ensure the realization of citizens' constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality and standard of living, sovereignty, independence, state and territorial integrity. , sustainable socio-economic development of the state.
Organizational and motivational factors for the quality of teaching in higher education institutions in Ukraine
Authors: Бобровська О. Ю.
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the transformational shifts in the higher education system of Ukraine and presents proposals for their extension and support. A review of legislative, regulatory and policy documents governing and directing the processes of ensuring the quality of higher education has been carried out. The idea of the depth and effectiveness of reform measures and the processes of improving the quality of higher education is formulated. It was stated that the Ukrainian higher education system has come close to academic traditions and modern practice of organizing the functioning of higher education in the European university system. The steps to enhance and further ensure the quality of higher education in Ukraine are identified. The importance and urgent need for attracting to cooperation and specific participation of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, line ministries, the Ministry of Social Policy, employment organizations and trade unions of scientific and pedagogical workers of Ukraine in creating and supporting a training system and practical training of future specialists in the workplace, respectively chosen specialty and forecasting current and future long-term needs for training specialists, interest te business to finance higher education. It is emphasized that the quality assurance system of higher education can be achieved only if a motivational system of scientific and pedagogical workers is created to constantly and systematically improve the quality of education. The reasons that lead to insufficient attention to the innovation of the learning processes of students are identified. They include: the issue of continuing education of teachers, improving the standardization of their working time, solving the problem of free publication of the results of scientific research, deepening motivational factors and remuneration of teachers in higher education institutions and others. It is proved that the solution of these problems will create a dynamically updated quality management system of higher education in Ukraine at the level of European quality standards.
Foreign experience of state regulation of territories economic potential development
Authors: Латинін М. А. , Іванов Д. В.
Published: February 2020

Foreign experience of state regulation of territories economic potential development has been revealed. The purpose of the article is to study foreign experience of state regulation of territories economic potential development.International practices of using mechanisms and tools of state influence are analyzed. The types of state regulation of territories economic potential development abroad are offered: differentiated (specific to the countries of the European Union based on selective support for increasing the economic capacity of the community), marketing (typical for the countries of North America, which includes the using of branding benefits to implementation of state economic policy) , institutional (specific to countries of Latin America, based on effective collaboration of all stakeholders in local economic capacity building).The general tendencies of state regulation of territories economic potential development abroad are the following:1. The need to understand the modern economy - the determining role of the flow “knowledge” and “ information” (compared to flows “labor-capital”), which creates a global network of ideas. 2. Increasing local capacity and competitiveness - the need to increase local economic potential in industries.3. The basis for the entrepreneurial environment is education and quality training of the labor force.Common features of the implementation of state regulation of territories economic potential development abroad, regardless of the level of development, is that the territories economic potential development is a component of sustainable development of the country and regions with appropriate consolidation in the strategic documents, as well as creating the necessary organizational and institutional support for the state economic policy.The main aspects are becoming the orientation towards the values of the concept of sustainable development, the using benefits of strategic planning, benchmarking and branding of territories, social advertising and institutionalization in order to achieve the main purpose of such influence - increasing the territories economic potential. At the same time, each state forms its own, unique to it approach in accordance with archetypal peculiarities, based on certain generally accepted principles of effective state administration.