bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendering Migration: Evaluating Empowerment of Single Migrant Women
Authors: Chowdhory Nasreen , Sabur Ali M.  , Kaur Ramneet , Kajla Meghna , Kumari Namreeta , Tiwari Bipin , Ishaq Saba
Published: March 2022

Migration is broadly interpreted to mean the movement of people for accessing better life prospects. However, when we deconstruct this phenomenon of ‘movement of people’ to the ‘movement of single women’ this brings forth intricacies of gender equations which further problematises migration outcomes, when women struggle to navigate their space and negotiate with the gendered challenges of a new city. Nevertheless, it is this nature of migration which can be explored to evaluate the empowerment of women. In this context, the article argues that when women choose to migrate as independent individuals for accessing education and employment, they experience empowerment which is manifested in their exercise of choice, autonomy and freedom in a new city.
Shelter skelter: record stores during the pandemic and the new selling of old stuff
Authors: Palm Michael
Published: March 2022

In this essay I draw on observations about how the pandemic impacted sales of vinyl records, in order to describe a (further) dis-embedding of brick-and-mortar second-hand stores from their local economies and communities. Before the pandemic, the majority of vinyl was already being purchased online; while buyers and sellers were sheltering in place, the vinyl marketplace’s reliance on the internet became total, and vinyl traffic skewed more than ever toward used records. Nearly all record stores had an online presence before the pandemic, and shops that already had an online sales system in place and a customer base accustomed to buying online had an enormous head start toward staying solvent while sheltering in place. During the pandemic, Instagram joined sites like Discogs and eBay as a platform for vinyl sales, and social media graduated from primarily functioning as a means of promotion for record stores and became a requisite component of sales infrastructure. I ask how local merchants of vintage goods like records can maintain a local orientation despite shifting away from local customers.
Race and Ethnicity in Otolaryngology Academic Publications
Authors: Lindeborg Michael , Din Taseer , Araya‐Quezada Cristóbal , Lawal Sabreena , Heer Baveena , Rajaguru Praveen , Joseph Myriam , Alkire Blake , Fagan Johannes
Published: March 2022

Objective

Within otolaryngology, race is commonly included as a study covariate; however, its value in clinical practice is unclear. This study sought to explore how race and ethnicity have been used and applied over time in otolaryngology publications.

Data Sources

PubMed database.

Review Methods

A systematic review was done to identify original otolaryngology studies between January 1, 1946, and June 25, 2020, with the following search terms: “otolaryngology” AND “race” OR “ethnicity.”

Results

Of the 1984 yielded studies, 932 were included in the final analysis. Only 2 studies (0.2%) defined race, and 172 (18.5%) gave participants the opportunity to self‐identify race. Less than half (n = 322, 43.8%) of studies controlled for confounders. One hundred studies (10.7%) linked race to genetic factors. An overall 564 (60.5%) made conclusions about race, and 232 (24.9%) mentioned that race is relevant for clinical decision making. The majority of studies had first and senior authors from high‐income countries (93.9% and 93.8%, respectively). Over time, there was a significant increase in publications that controlled for confounders, the number of race categories used, and studies that highlighted disparities.

Conclusion

Race and ethnicity are often poorly defined in otolaryngology publications. Furthermore, publications do not always control for confounding variables or allow participants to self‐identify race. On the basis of our findings, we suggest 7 foundational principles that can be used to promote equitable research in otolaryngology publications. Future efforts should focus on incorporating research guidelines for race and ethnicity into journal publication standards.
CRISPR Images: Media Use and Public Opinion About Gene Editing
Authors: Dawson Wyatt , Paintsil Ashley , Bingaman James , Brewer Paul R.
Published: March 2022

As gene editing technologies such as CRISPR have become increasingly prominent, so have media portrayals of them. With this in mind, the present study builds on theoretical accounts of framing effects, cultivation effects, and genre-specific viewing effects to examine how different forms of media use predict attitudes toward applications of gene editing. Specifically, the study tests how news use, overall television viewing, and science fiction viewing are related to such attitudes. The analyses draw on original data from two surveys of the U.S. public, one conducted in 2020 and the other in 2021. The results from both surveys indicate that news use and overall television viewing predict support for uses of gene editing, whereas science fiction viewing is not significantly related to opinion. The findings suggest that media frames and images may carry implications for the trajectory of public opinion about gene editing technologies and, ultimately, the social context for their development and adoption.
Prediction of the trans-stenotic pressure gradient with arteriography-derived hemodynamic features in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Ma Chao , Li Changxuan , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Raynald , Liu Minke , Zhu Haoyu , Liang Fei , Wang Yilong , Dong Kehui , Jiang Chuhan , Miao Zhongrong , Mo Dapeng
Published: March 2022

The pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is attributed to segmental stenosis of the venous sinus. The current treatment paradigm requires a trans-stenotic pressure gradient of ≥8 mmHg or ≥6 mmHg threshold. This study aimed to develop a machine learning screening method to identify patients with IIH using hemodynamic features. A total of 204 venous manometry instances (n = 142, training and validation; n = 62, test) from 135 patients were included. Radiomic features extracted from five arteriography perfusion parameter maps were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and then entered into support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. The Thr8-23-SVM classifier was created with 23 radiomic features to predict if the pressure gradient was ≥8 mmHg. On an independent test dataset, prediction sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 0.972, 0.846, 0.919, and 0.980, respectively (95% confidence interval: 0.980–1.000). For the 6 mmHg threshold, thr6-28-SVM incorporated 28 features, and its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 0.923, 0.956, 0.935, and 0.969, respectively (95% confidence interval: 0.927–1.000). The trans-stenotic pressure gradient result was associated with perfusion pattern changes, and SVM classifiers trained with arteriography perfusion map-derived radiomic features could predict the 8 mmHg and 6 mmHg dichotomized trans-stenotic pressure gradients with favorable accuracy.
Are Gifted Students More Victimized than Nongifted Students? A Comparison in Prevalence and Relation to Psychological Variables in Early Adolescence
Authors: González-Cabrera Joaquín , Tourón Javier , Ortega-Barón Jessica , Montiel Irene , Machimbarrena Juan M.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration between a sample of gifted students and a sample of nongifted students, and their relationship in both groups with depression, stress, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A cross-sectional design was performed with two comparison groups: 449 Spanish adolescents identified as gifted ( Mage = 11.72, S D = 1.89) and 950 nongifted Spanish students ( Mage = 12.72, SD=0.79). Results reveal that 41.1%, 1.1%, and 9.5% of the gifted sample were pure-victims, pure-bullies, and bully-victims, respectively, compared to 21.8%, 2.4%, and 5.8% of the nongifted students. It is observed that gifted students are more likely to be victims (OR = 3.20[2.40, 4.28]). Gifted pure-victims have significantly higher stress scores than nongifted pure-victims ( p < .001). In general, pure-victims and bully-victims of gifted and nongifted students both have higher stress, anxiety, and depression scores and lower HRQoL scores than other profiles.
Uncovering the City of London Corporation: Territory and temporalities in the new state capitalism
Authors: Eagleton-Pierce Matthew
Published: March 2022

The heterogenous literature on the ‘new state capitalism’ has provoked considerable academic and popular interest in recent years, but also critique regarding how to analytically bolster the concept and enhance empirical understanding. This paper responds to Alami and Dixon’s (2020a , 2020b ) call for a fresh interrogation of the new state capitalism through an examination of the governance of the City of London. As the largest exporter of financial services in the world, the City plays a crucial role in the reproduction of financial capitalism. However, one major deficiency in debates on the political governance of the City surrounds the role of sub-state institutions. Remarkably, with limited exceptions, we know comparatively little about the main municipal authority: the City of London Corporation. As a local governing body, it conducts all the ordinary work of a public authority. But the Corporation also has many peculiar features which distinguish it from other public institutions, including vigorous support of financial services through planning law, lobbying and other promotion. This paper argues that thinking on the new state capitalism offers a vehicle for dissecting how the Corporation operates in the service of transnational financial interests. By unpacking how the Corporation is tied into a web of relations with private finance and other historically developed networks of power, the discussion problematises two macro themes on the new state capitalism: the spatial complexity of multi-scalar state governance and the temporal fluidity of legacies of the past interpenetrating with the present definition of ‘now’.
Education and training: Key solution to self-management and economic sustainability of waste pickers organisations
Authors: Ibelli-Bianco Carolina , Guimarães Julia Paula Soprani , Yamane Luciana Harue , Siman Renato Ribeiro
Published: March 2022

Being a waste picker is not considered a profession in the eyes of society. One reason is that it does not require professional qualifications or training. Thus, most waste pickers are individuals who had difficulty entering the labour market, mainly due to low education levels. As members of waste pickers organisations (WPOs), they have difficulties in practicing self-management and, consequently, in maintaining the WPO’s economic sustainability. This is a barrier to waste pickers’ inclusion in the integrated solid waste management, but it can be overcome with investment in their education and professional training. However, it is not clear how this can be accomplished. This article presents guidelines for the education and training of organised waste pickers. These guidelines were developed based on socioeconomic information with a focus on education and training collected from interviews with waste pickers (n = 215) of 24 Brazilian WPOs. The potentials and vulnerabilities of this socioeconomic profile allowed the elaboration of the main following guidelines: the classroom must be the WPO itself; a mentor is needed to conduct the education and training programme using a non-formal teaching and learning method; the content should be defined collectively, based on the knowledge of the organisation’s members and the daily WPO’s issues. In addition to isolated actions, these guidelines should be included in public policy programmes.
An Overview of Scenario Approaches: A Guide for Urban Design and Planning
Authors: Abou Jaoude Grace , Mumm Olaf , Carlow Vanessa Miriam
Published: March 2022

Rising complexities and uncertainties have emphasized the need to employ scenario thinking in urban design and planning. While different scenario methods have been widely used across disciplines, a comprehensive review of scenario approaches in planning literature is limited. Thus, we provide an overview of scenarios and existing scenario approaches currently in practice. We also review a scenario building process to provide a guide for developing scenarios in the context of urban design and planning. The process highlights the different steps that contribute to adaptive planning and improve decision-making.
Violent Victimization and Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Romantic Relationships and Sexual Activity
Authors: Warner Tara D. , Warner David F.
Published: March 2022

Violent victimization in adolescence spurs risk-taking behaviors (e.g., violent offending and substance use/abuse), undermines mental well-being, disrupts developmental transitions, and even has interpersonal and relational consequences. Adolescent victims initiate earlier and progress faster through sexual and romantic relationships. Because the reasons for the links between victimization and relationship behaviors remain unclear, we explored how violent victimization might shape how adolescents think and feel about intimate/romantic relationships. We focus specifically on interest in forming relationships and expectations about intimate/sexual activity occurring within relationships. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 10,570 [54% girls; 56% non-Hispanic white; ages 11–18]), we found that adolescent victims of violence were more pessimistic about marriage and more favorable toward sexual activity, with patterns varying by age at victimization and gender. Late adolescent victims were marginally more interested in romantic relationships but were pessimistic about marriage. Early adolescent and girl victims were less favorable toward sexual activity in relationships, while later adolescent and boy victims were more permissive. Violent victimization may foster problematic attitudes toward intimate relationships, which may account for previously observed increased involvement in risky relational and sex behaviors.
Claiming and Reclaiming Settings, Objects, and Situations: A Microethnographic Study of the Sociomaterial Practices of Everyday Life at Swedish Youth Homes
Authors: Nolbeck Kajsa , Wijk Helle , Lindahl Göran , Olausson Sepideh
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to explore social interactions in the spatial and material environment within everyday life at special youth homes in Sweden, where youths with psychosocial problems, or criminal behavior are cared for involuntary. A microethnographic approach was chosen, and data was collected through participant observation. A theory integrating analysis, using Burke’s (1969) dramatistic pentad as a tool for structuring the data and Goffman’s (1956; 1961) dramaturgical perspective was undertaken. The findings demonstrate that the staff’s control over settings and objects also means control over the definition of what kind of place the special youth home is, and what takes place there. This is shown through a decorous behavior of sociomaterial control practices, rather than care practices, by the staff. This study contributes to knowledge on spaces and objects as crucial parts of care practices highlighting the intentions inscribed in institutional design and objects.
A Semi-Automated Method for Measuring Biofilm Accumulation on the Teeth Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Scherl Dale S. , Coffman Lori , Mansoor Awais , Rajwa Bartek , Patsekin Valery , Robinson J. Paul
Published: March 2022

Oral health conditions (eg, plaque, calculus, gingivitis) cause morbidity and pain in companion animals. Thus, developing technologies that can ameliorate the accumulation of oral biofilm, a critical factor in the progression of these conditions, is vital. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) is a method to quantify oral substrate accumulation, and therefore, it can assess biofilm attenuation of different products. New software has recently been developed that automates aspects of the procedure. However, few QLF studies in companion animals have been performed. QLF was used to collect digital images of oral substrate accumulation on the teeth of dogs and cats to demonstrate the ability of QLF to discriminate between foods known to differentially inhibit oral substrate accumulation. Images were taken as a function of time and diet. Software developed by the Cytometry Laboratory, Purdue University quantified biofilm coverage. Intra- and intergrader reproducibility was also assessed, as was a comparison of the results of the QLF software with those of an experienced grader using undisclosed coverage-only metrics similar to those used for the Logan and Boyce index. Quantification of oral substrate accumulation using QLF-derived images demonstrated the ability to distinguish between dental diets known to differentially inhibit oral biofilm accumulation. Little variance in intra- and intergrader reproducibility was observed, and the comparison between the experienced Logan and Boyce grader and the QLF software yielded a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84, 0.92). These results show that QLF is a useful tool that allows the semi-automated quantification of the accumulation of oral biofilm in companion animals.
Engagement in Civil Society and Different Forms of Social Trust in the Aftermath of the European Refugee Crisis
Authors: Lundåsen Susanne Wallman
Published: March 2022

This study examines the extent to which engagement within civil society relates to various forms of social trust among residents in local communities that received varying shares of asylum seekers during the European refugee crisis of 2015 to 2017. The study is based on a representative survey collected from individuals within 36 local Swedish communities that received very different shares of asylum seekers. The result suggests that engagement in civil society organizations moderates community trust under conditions of increased diversity. Outgroup trust varies with the share of asylum seekers only among those not involved in civil society. The results also suggest that involvement in civil society does not moderate generalized trust if the share of asylum seeker varies.
Trajectory tracking control of four-wheel steering automatic guided vehicle under the working condition of moving centroid
Authors: Liu Wei , Wan Yidong , Zhang Qingjie , Yu Yue , Liu Ping , Shi Ziao
Published: March 2022

The centroid of the whole vehicle moves when the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) loads and unloads goods between stations in the intelligent factory, which reduces the trajectory tracking accuracy. To this end, the dynamics and kinematics models of a four-wheel steering AGV were established, and the Lyapunov direct method was used to construct a trajectory tracking controller with global asymptotic stability in this study. Based on the adaptive learning factor and inertia weight, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm was designed to optimize the control parameters of the controller, and an adaptive global asymptotic tracking control (AGATC) controller was proposed. Under simulated working condition of moving centroid, the AGATC controller was compared with adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) controller, and the trajectory tracking simulation was carried out. The results show that the position deviation of the AGATC controller was 23.97% lower than that of the AMPC controller, and the trajectory tracking control accuracy is higher under the condition of moving centroid. Moreover, a prototype of AGV was developed, and the trajectory tracking control verification experiment was carried out. The results show that the error between simulation and experiment was less than 9.03%, which proves the authenticity and effectiveness of the AGATC controller. This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for intelligent factory to realize precision and intelligent handling technology.
Diné (Navajo) Female Perspectives on Mother–Daughter Cultural Assets Around the Transition to Womanhood: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Richards Jennifer , Bueno Yvonne , Begay Jaime , Chambers Rachel Strom , Tingey Lauren , Teufel-Shone Nicolette , Kahn-John Michelle
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

American Indian (AI) people have protective factors embedded in cultural teachings that buffer against high-risk behaviors. This study applies a qualitative, grounded theory approach to identify cultural assets for a Diné (Navajo) mother-daughter intervention aimed at preventing substance abuse and teen pregnancy.

Method:

Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 AI females’ ages 8 years and older from the Navajo Nation.

Results:

Key themes were (a) preserving the Diné way of life, (b) cultural assets related to being a healthy Diné woman, (c) matrilineal networks as a source of strength/pride, (d) historical trauma as a source of resilience, (e) male influences as protective health factors, (f) Western education as a measure of success, and (g) integrating different belief systems.

Discussion:

Study findings may be applied as foundational elements for culturally grounded AI substance abuse and teen pregnancy prevention strategies, as well as culturally safe nursing practice.
Spirituality Concern Toward Patients in Hospice Care during COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Liu Xiufeng , Zeng Weimin , He Wanhong , Xu Feng
Published: March 2022

Tension, anxiety, or fear spread all over the world during COVID-19 pandemic. How health professionals provide terminally ill patients with humanistic care to deal with fear is worth consideration. A more abundant spirituality concern in the body-mind-spirit care mode on patients in hospice care is appied in our practice.
Training Individuals to Implement Discrete Trials with Fidelity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fingerhut Joelle , Moeyaert Mariola
Published: March 2022

Discrete trial training is a popular teaching method for individuals with autism, but it is not easily implemented with fidelity due to its complexity. This is the first meta-analysis of single-case experimental design studies to quantify the impact of behavioral skills training on individuals’ ability to implement discrete trials with fidelity. Furthermore, this meta-analysis examines the four training methods that make up behavioral skills training—feedback, instruction, modeling, and rehearsal—to determine the “active ingredients” of behavioral skills training. A total of 46 single-case experimental design studies are included in this meta-analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling, which has the ability to analyze clustered data, is the meta-analytic technique used to estimate the effectiveness of behavioral skills training across studies. Results show that behavioral skills training has a statistically significant positive effect on discrete trial training implementation fidelity; therefore, behavior skills training is recommended for discrete trial training implementation instruction.
Conceptual design of the dual X-ray absorptiometry health informatics prediction system for osteoporosis care
Authors: E Erjiang , Carey John J , Wang Tingyan , Yang Lan , Chan Wing P , Whelan Bryan , Silke Carmel , O’Sullivan Miriam , Rooney Bridie , McPartland Aoife , O’Malley Gráinne , Brennan Attracta , Yu Ming , Dempsey Mary
Published: March 2022

Osteoporotic fractures are a major and growing public health problem, which is strongly associated with other illnesses and multi-morbidity. Big data analytics has the potential to improve care for osteoporotic fractures and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), reduces healthcare costs and improves healthcare decision-making for patients with multi-disorders. However, robust and comprehensive utilization of healthcare big data in osteoporosis care practice remains unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of an intelligent analytics system, namely, the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) health informatics prediction (HIP) system, for healthcare big data research and development. Comprising data source, extraction, transformation, loading, modelling and application, the DXA HIP system was applied in an osteoporosis healthcare context for fracture risk prediction and the investigation of multi-morbidity risk. Data was sourced from four DXA machines located in three healthcare centres in Ireland. The DXA HIP system is novel within the Irish context as it enables the study of fracture-related issues in a larger and more representative Irish population than previous studies. We propose this system is applicable to investigate other NCDs which have the potential to improve the overall quality of patient care and substantially reduce the burden and cost of all NCDs.
Imaginal knowing in action research
Authors: van Meer Pleuntje
Published: March 2022

This article explores how imaginal knowing can contribute to learning and action research. I relate this to a need for organizations to learn differently for bringing sustainable results that nourish the world. I position imaginal knowing as a reflexive way of being, which informs awareness beyond language and discourse. An arts-based researcher, my paintings are imaginal reflections of lived experience. I found how engaging with the imaginal enables a more profound presence with that experience. This process, which I refer to as growth-in-connection, can generate unexpected insights and learning. For me, artistically expressing imagination became a reflexive practice to deepen understanding and voice. This article consists of a practice-based strand where I share drawings, paintings, and an inquiry into client work. In the other strand, I explore theoretical ideas from Art-Based Method, Critical thinking, Reflexivity and Action Research.
Culture and corruption: An experimental comparison of cultural patterns on the corruption propensity in Poland and Russia
Authors: Fürstenberg Alexander , Starystach Sebastian , Uhl Andrzej
Published: March 2022

The development of effective anti-corruption measures relies on a sound understanding of underlying country-specific cultural patterns of corruption. However, finding these patterns faces the problem of ecological fallacies when tracing back the results of comparative macro-studies to the national level or of using ex-post explanations for cultural variances in experimental research designs. Thus, we ask how cultural patterns can explain country differences in the propensity to act corrupt without neglecting the aforementioned problems. Based on institutional theory, we model path-dependent cultural patterns at the macro, meso and micro levels promoting propensity to act corrupt in Poland and Russia. The results of experimental data gathered from students in Poland and Russia show that the extent to which legal nihilism and ethical dualism are institutionalized at the macro level, as well as the micro factors of gender-specific socialization and studying law, has a significant effect on the propensity to act corrupt.
Detecting Changes in Tissue Perfusion With Hyperspectral Imaging and Thermal Imaging Following Endovascular Treatment for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Kleiss Simone F. , Ma Kirsten F. , El Moumni Mostafa , Ünlü Çagdas , Nijboer Thomas S. , Schuurmann Richte C. L. , Bokkers Reinoud P. H. , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and thermal imaging allow contact-free tissue perfusion measurements and may help determine the effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with peripheral arterial disease. This study aimed to detect changes in perfusion with HSI and thermal imaging peri-procedurally and determine whether these changes can identify limbs that show clinical improvement after 6 weeks.

Methods

Patients with Rutherford class 2–6 scheduled for EVT were included prospectively. Hyperspectral imaging and thermal imaging were performed directly before and after EVT. Images were taken from the lateral side of the calves and plantar side of the feet. Concentrations of (de)oxyhemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and skin temperature were recorded. Angiographic results were determined on completion angiogram. Clinical improvement 6 weeks after EVT was defined as a decrease ≥ one Rutherford class. Peri-procedural changes in perfusion parameters were compared between limbs with and without good angiographic results or clinical improvement. To identify limbs with clinical improvement, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cutoff values for change in HSI.

Results

Included were 23 patients with 29 treated limbs. Change in HSI values and temperature was not significantly different between limbs with good and poor angiographic results. Change in peri-procedural deoxyhemoglobin, determined by HSI, at the calves and feet was significantly different between limbs with and without clinical improvement at 6 week follow-up (p=0.027 and p=0.017, respectively). The ROC curve for change in deoxyhemoglobin at the calves showed a cutoff value of ≤1.0, and ≤−0.5 at the feet, which were discriminative for clinical improvement (sensitivity 77%; specificity 75% and sensitivity 62%; specificity 88%, respectively).

Conclusions

HSI can detect changes in perfusion at the calves after EVT in patients with Rutherford class 2–6. Peri-procedural deoxyhemoglobin changes at the calves and feet are significantly different between limbs with and without clinical improvement. Decrease in deoxyhemoglobin directly after EVT may identify limbs that show clinical improvement 6 weeks after EVT.
The Radical Origins and Mission of the National Black Music Caucus: The First Twenty-Five Years—1972–1997
Authors: Battiste Loneka Wilkinson , McDaniel William T. , Sands Rosita M.
Published: March 2022

In 1972, more than two hundred Black music educators convened an impromptu, offsite protest meeting during the 23rd Convention of the Music Educators National Conference in response to the dearth of Black music and musicians represented on the program and the near exclusion of Black musicians on the Jazz Night program. The unprecedented and impactful meeting, held on the campus of Morehouse College on the last day of the Convention, led to the formation of the National Black Music Caucus (NBMC). This article chronicles the birth of the NBMC and its subsequent growth over the next 25 years, focusing on the historical relationship between Black music educators and MENC, the importance of Atlanta to the organization’s founding, the motivation for the initial meeting, goals of the organization, and its key accomplishments. This story is told through the use of primary sources, including conference programs and organizational documents, while centering the voices of those who were instrumental in leading NBMC throughout its first 25 years.
Jamaican teachers’ perspectives on their power and empowerment at their schools
Authors: Thompson Canute S , Wilmot Ann-Marie
Published: March 2022

This qualitative study explores the perspectives of nine teachers in leadership positions on the issue of power, specifically the amount of power that they possess and how that level of power impacts their work. Data for the study were gathered using a focus group interview. The study found that most of the teachers have a common understanding of power but assess their level of empowerment to be at different levels. All nine teachers hold the view that their level of empowerment impacts their effectiveness in their roles. The findings of the study invite further research on how these teachers’ sense of their sources of power and how they use those powers can impact their effectiveness. The study has implications for organizational leadership, planning, operational management, and performance of the schools studied. Additionally, its insights are potentially transferrable to other schools and organizational settings in which power-sharing and the development of emerging leaders are being explored and implemented.
Efficacy and safety of biologic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Meng Fanqiang , Li Hui , Feng Haoran , Long Huizhong , Yang Zidan , Li Jiatian , Wang Yuqing , Xie Dongxing
Published: March 2022

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologic agents targeting three main cytokines, that is, nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment.

Methods:

Databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of biologic agents from inception to November 15, 2020. The outcomes were the mean change in pain, function scores, and the risk of adverse effects (AEs).

Results:

Out of the 28 studies with 29 RCTs (8555 individuals) included, biologic agents were superior to placebo in pain relief (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17–0.38, p < 0.001) and function improvement (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.18–0.43, p < 0.001). The incidence of any AEs (risk ratio [RR] = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05–1.14, p < 0.001) and discontinuations due to AEs (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.05–1.83, p = 0.021) were higher following treatment with biologic agents while no significant difference was found in serious AEs. Subgroup analyses showed that NGF inhibitors provided superior pain relief (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.26–0.47, p < 0.001) and function improvement (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.30–0.51, p < 0.001), whereas IL-1 inhibitors and TNF-α inhibitors did not. Meanwhile, NGF inhibitors increased the incidence of any AEs (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.17, p < 0.001) and discontinuations due to AEs (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07–2.06, p = 0.018). IL-1 inhibitors and TNF-α inhibitors showed no difference in safety compared with placebo.

Conclusions:

The efficacy and safety of biologic agents vary by mechanism of action. NGF inhibitors can relieve OA-related pain and improve function but involve safety concerns. IL-1 inhibitors and TNF-α inhibitors are relatively safe options but with limited efficacy.
National burden of intestinal parasitic infections and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw , Merkeb Alamneh Yoseph , Getnet Asmamaw , Abebaw Abtie , Atnaf Aytenew , Abate Abebe , Tilahun Melkamu , Kassie Bekalu , Aschale Yibeltal
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to assess the pooled prevalence and determine risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy in Ethiopia.

Methods:

International databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Publication bias was determined using the funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests. Heterogeneity between the studies included in this review was checked by I2 statistic. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size. Sub-group, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Overall, meta-analysis was done using Stata version 14 statistical software.

Results:

Twenty-seven studies with 8946 individuals were included, the estimated pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy was 40.24% (95% confidence interval = 33.8–46.6). Based on sub-group analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in the Tigray region 45.7% (95% confidence interval = 7.9–83.5), followed by Oromia region 42.2% (95% confidence interval = 28.8–55.6). Availability of latrine (odds ratio = 26.6, 95% confidence interval = 2.8–15.8), presence of animals at home (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–5.8), and source of drinking water (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–7.5) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections.

Conclusion:

These findings indicated that the prevalence of intestinal parasites among people living with HIV/AIDS was high in Ethiopia.
Indicators Affecting the International Outlook of Universities
Authors: Acar Tülin Otbiçer
Published: March 2022

In this study, the variables that affect the International Outlook of Universities are examined. The international outlook was treated as a dependent variable. Teaching, research, citation and industry income, GCI, critical thinking in teaching, freedom of the press, judicial independence, HDI, GNI, Gini coefficient, gender inequality index, unemployment youth, and share of seats in parliament (% held by women) were treated as independent variables. Fourteen indicators measured by three different organizations which are UNDP, WEF, and THE were selected. The data used in the research were from 57 countries and 1,133 universities. Therefore, for data analysis, a two-level hierarchical linear model was conducted. The differentiation in the international outlook scores of universities by country was found to be significant. The empirical outcomes of this study will make important contributions to both top-level decision-makers and students who will select a university to study.
Establishing Construct Validity of a Measure of Adolescent Perceptions of College and Career Readiness
Authors: Lombardi Allison R. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Rogers H. Jane , Swaminathan Hariharan , Taconet Ashley , Mazzotti Valerie L. , Morningstar Mary E. , Wu Rongxiu , Langdon Shannon
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish construct validity of a college and career readiness measure using a sample of youth with ( n = 356) and without ( n = 1,599) disabilities from five high schools across three U.S. states. We established content validity through expert item review, structural validity through initial field-testing, and convergent validity by correlating domain scores with school academic and behavioral data. A four-factor measurement model emerged representing the domains Ownership of Learning, Academic Engagement and Processes, Interpersonal Engagement, and Career Development. Domain scores were significantly correlated with achievement, college admission exam scores, and attendance. Implications for research and practice with an emphasis on transition service delivery via multi-tiered systems of support are discussed.
Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Ultrasound Characteristics as Indicators of Malignancy
Authors: Fornwalt Brandon , Melachuri Manasa , Kubina Matthew , McDaniel Janice , Jeyakumar Anita
Published: March 2022

Objective

Pediatric thyroid nodules are uncommon but carry a 25% malignancy risk. Adult patients have well‐established ultrasound characteristics that are predictive of malignancy, but these are not clearly defined in pediatric patients. We reviewed a case series of pediatric thyroid nodules.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary children’s hospital.

Method

Institutional review board approval was obtained. This case series with chart review includes all pediatric thyroid nodules with ultrasounds from 2006 to 2016 at 2 pediatric tertiary care centers.

Results

An overall 112 pediatric thyroid nodules were analyzed. The mean patient age was 14.3 years; there was a female:male ratio of 4:1; and 94% were Caucasian. Seventeen percent (20/112) of nodules were malignant. In patients with malignant nodules, the average presenting age was 15.5 years, with a female:male ratio of 5.6:1. Seventy percent of malignant nodules had accompanying microcalcifications, 55% had abnormal lymph nodes, and 45% had irregular margins. In the benign nodules, 11% had microcalcifications, 12% had abnormal lymph nodes, and 26% had irregular margins. The presence of microcalcifications (odds ratio, 19.1 [95% CI, 6.0‐61.0]; P <. 0001), abnormal lymph nodes (odds ratio, 9.0 [95% CI, 3.0‐26.6]; P =. 0001), and size >3.5 cm (odds ratio, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.5‐22.5]; P =. 01) was associated with thyroid cancer. Irregular margins were not statistically significant (odds ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 0.86‐6.3]; P =. 9).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that abnormal lymph nodes, microcalcifications, and size >3.5 cm could be predictors of malignancy in the pediatric population and influence clinical decision making.
SAXS analysis of the intrinsic tenase complex bound to a lipid nanodisc highlights intermolecular contacts between factors VIIIa/IXa
Authors: Childers Kenneth C. , Peters Shaun C. , Lollar Pete , Spencer Harold Trent , Doering Christopher B. , Spiegel Paul C.
Published: March 2022

The intrinsic tenase (Xase) complex, formed by factors (f) VIIIa and fIXa, forms on activated platelet surfaces and catalyzes the activation of factor X to Xa, stimulating thrombin production in the blood coagulation cascade. The structural organization of the membrane-bound Xase complex remains largely unknown, hindering our understanding of the structural underpinnings that guide Xase complex assembly. Here, we aimed to characterize the Xase complex bound to a lipid nanodisc with biolayer interferometry (BLI), Michaelis–Menten kinetics, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Using immobilized lipid nanodiscs, we measured binding rates and nanomolar affinities for fVIIIa, fIXa, and the Xase complex. Enzyme kinetic measurements demonstrated the assembly of an active enzyme complex in the presence of lipid nanodiscs. An ab initio molecular envelope of the nanodisc-bound Xase complex allowed us to computationally model fVIIIa and fIXa docked onto a flexible lipid membrane and identify protein–protein interactions. Our results highlight multiple points of contact between fVIIIa and fIXa, including a novel interaction with fIXa at the fVIIIa A1–A3 domain interface. Lastly, we identified hemophilia A/B-related mutations with varying severities at the fVIIIa/fIXa interface that may regulate Xase complex assembly. Together, our results support the use of SAXS as an emergent tool to investigate the membrane-bound Xase complex and illustrate how mutations at the fVIIIa/fIXa dimer interface may disrupt or stabilize the activated enzyme complex.
MR arthrography: correlation between anatomic intraarticular variants of the long head of the biceps tendon (long head biceps tendon) and superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions
Authors: Calvi Marco , Morgano Maria Chiara , Tarallo Nicola , Basile Giuseppe , Calori Giorgio Maria , Callegari Leonardo , Genovese Eugenio Annibale
Published: March 2022

Background

The purpose of this work is to characterize the anatomy of the intraarticular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon (long head biceps tendon) using magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography by investigating whether anatomical variants may facilitate the onset of a supraequatorial lesion (superior labral anterior to posterior, SLAP).

Materials and methods

In 482 shoulder MR arthrographies, we considered the anatomical variants of the intraarticular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon classified according to Dierickx’s arthroscopic classification; lesions of supraequatorial structures were considered in the data analysis. For each anatomical variant, correlation with SLAP and the odd ratio were statistically evaluated, using Fisher’s exact (or chi-squared) test and logistic regression analysis, respectively.

Results

In the mesotenon-type variant, the SLAP frequency was higher than expected [χ2 (df = 4) = 14.9, p = 0.005] with a higher risk of developing a type I SLAP (p = 0.0003). In the adherent-type variant, the type II SLAP frequency was higher than expected [χ2 (df = 3) = 18.1, p = 0.0004] with a higher risk of developing type II SLAP (p = 0.0001). Two cases of “split” (SPL) long head biceps tendon had III and type IV SLAP, respectively. These patients have a higher risk for type IV SLAP [odds ratio (OR) 19.562, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.604–238.541, p = 0.001]. An increased risk of developing SLAP type II was calculated for male subjects (OR 3.479, 95% CI 1.013–11.951, p = 0.019).

Conclusions

It is possible that adherence of the long head biceps tendon to the supraspinatus more often predisposes to a lesion of the superior glenoid labrum (SLAP), in view of the close relationships between the fibrocartilage and the bicipital anchor, probably related to the limited excursion of the intraarticular long head biceps tendon.
Subthreshold micropulse laser photocoagulation versus half-dose photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Zeng Miao , Chen Xiao , Song Yanping , Cai Chunyan
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To compare the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse (STMP) laser photocoagulation and half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods

A total of 39 acute CSC patients were included. 18 patients were treated with STMP laser and 21 patients were treated with half-dose PDT. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, the proportion of eyes with complete resolution of subretinal fluid, the number of treatments, and the retinal sensitivity by microperimetry during the 12-month study period.

Results

The mean number of treatments during the 12-month period was 1.6 in STMP group and 1.3 in half-dose PDT group, respectively (P = 0.174). The proportion of eyes with complete resolution of subretinal fluid was 83.3% in STMP group compared with 90.5% in half-dose PDT group at 12-month (P = 0.647). The mean BCVA at 12-month after treatment was 75.28 ± 12.58 for STMP group and 76.62 ± 11.57 for half-dose PDT group, respectively (P = 0.731). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean retinal sensitivity between the two groups during the 12 months follow-up (P = 0.701 at 3 months; P = 0.725 at 6 months; P = 0.695 at 12 months).

Conclusions

Subthreshold micropulse Laser Photocoagulation is as effective as half-dose PDT for acute CSC, while minimizing the damage effect on retinal.