bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pipe enlargement to satisfy concentration-time product for in-system disinfection in a water distribution system
Authors: Neff Margaret , Barkdoll Brian D.
Published: July 2019

C*t is used as a metric for disinfection in a water treatment plant while inside a distribution system, the concentration alone is used. For systems without a treatment plant, however, chlorine may be added in the upstream portion of the system to disinfect water. Therefore, disinfection is increased at higher chlorine concentration levels but also with enough contact time to completely disinfect the water. Therefore the use of the C*t product as a metric in the distribution system, if no upstream treatment exists, is explored here through computer modeling. The network solver EPANET was used to simulate the C*t product using water age in a method introduced here. It was found in a demonstration project that increasing the mainline pipe diameter allows the water to slow down enough to allow the C*t product to fully disinfect the water prior to reaching the first users. Specifically, for the demonstration system analyzed, an 8-inch (203 mm) mainline diameter requires 1.0 mg/L of chorine addition at the upstream end to fully disinfect the water. This shows promise for the use of pipe enlargement as a disinfection method for systems with no water treatment plant.
Features of technical students’ legal consciousness
Authors: Labyntseva Irina Sergeevna
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the study of technical students’ legal consciousness. The concept of legal consciousness is considered, its components are described. Psychological characteristics of technical students, influencing the formation of legal consciousness are described. The results of an empirical study of students' legal consciousness components are presented.
Dynamic arrays in C ++ and minimax search problem
Authors: Alimov Timur Mansurovich , Alabdullakh Mokhamad Belal , Alkhuzaii Akhmed Khusham khusam , Kattavi Radzhikh Ziad
Published: July 2019

The article presents the classical saddle-point problem in a two-dimensional array. Such tasks are highly demanded in geodesy, in the construction of topographic or gravimetric maps of the terrain, in the energy sector – in planning the load on electric or thermal networks. The program code of the proposed project is written within the framework of the structured approach in the C ++ language in the Visual Studio 2017 programming environment.
A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Versatility of Imidazo [2,1-b]thiazoles
Authors: Shareef Mohd Adil , Khan Irfan , Babu Bathini Nagendra , Kamal Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Background::

Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, a well-known fused five-membered hetrocycle is
one of the most promising and versatile moieties in the area of medicinal chemistry. Derivatives of
imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole have been investigated for the development of new derivatives that exhibit
diverse pharmacological activities. This fused heterocycle is also a part of a number of therapeutic
agents.

Objective::

To review the extensive pharmacological activities of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives
and the new molecules developed between 2000-2018 and their usefulness.

Method::

Thorough literature review of all relevant papers and patents was conducted.

Conclusion::

The present review, covering a number of aspects, is expected to provide useful insights
in the design of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based compounds and would inspire the medicinal
chemists for a comprehensive and target-oriented information to achieve a major breakthrough in
the development of clinically viable candidates.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Pharmacogenomic VIP Variants in the Circassian Subpopulation from Jordan
Authors: AL-Eitan Laith N. , Mohammad Namarg N. , Al-Maqableh Haneen W. , Hakooz Nancy M. , Dajani Rana B.
Published: July 2019

Background:

It has been suggested that genetic variation within candidate pharmacogenes contributes to
the differences in drug safety and efficacy as well as risk of adverse drug reactions among different ethnic groups.
Illustrating the polymorphic distribution of Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIPs) in various ethnic groups will
contribute to the development of personalized medicine for those populations.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify the polymorphic distribution of VIPs in the Circassian subpopulation
of Jordan and compare their allele frequencies with those of other populations.

Methods:

A total of 130 healthy and unrelated Circassian adults from Jordan were randomly recruited and genotyped
for eleven VIP variants within the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT), ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B,
member 1 (ABCB1), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes via Sequenom’s MassARRAY® genotyping platform
(iPLEX GOLD).

Results:

Our data on the allelic frequencies of the investigated VIP variants were compared to those of 18 other
populations, comprising 11 HapMap populations, 6 Exome Aggregation Consortium populations, and the Chechen-
Jordanian population from Jordan. Circassian-Jordanians were found to most resemble the African, Chechen-
Jordanian, European (Finnish), European (non-Finnish), and South-Asian populations.

Conclusion:

Circassians from Jordan significantly differ from other populations in terms of the allelic frequencies of
selected VIP variants. The present findings constitute the first set of pharmacogenetic data for Circassian population
from Jordan, providing a basis for safe drug administration that may be useful in diagnosing and treating diseases in
this ethnic group.
Characteristics of Asian Mosquito Saliva Allergens for Specific Diagnoses and Effective Therapies
Authors: Jeon Soung-Hoo
Published: July 2019

An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions
such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to
provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific
recombinant saliva allergens. In particular, candidate allergens of mosquitoes that are well suited to the
ecology of mosquitoes that occur mainly in East Asia will be identified and introduced. By doing so,
the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe sensitivity to mosquito allergy will be improved by
predicting the characteristics of East Asian mosquito allergy, presenting the future direction of production
of recombinant allergens, and understanding the difference between East and West.
Leptin and Its Derivatives: A Potential Target for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Han Han , Zhou Weiqiang
Published: July 2019

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone product of the obese (ob) gene. Leptin plays an important regulatory role as an immunomodulatory factor in the maintenance and homeostasis of immune functions. Indeed, the role of leptin as an immunomodulator in inflammatory and immune responses has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Leptin mostly affects responses through the immunomodulation of monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, NK cells, and dendritic cells in addition to modulating T and B cell development and functions. Leptin is also an important inflammatory regulator, wherein higher expression influences the secretion rates of IL-6, C-reactive proteins, and TNF-α. Moreover, leptin is highly involved in processes related to human metabolism, inflammatory reactions, cellular development, and diseases, including hematopoiesis. Owing to its diverse immunerelated functions, leptin has been explored as a potential target for therapeutic development in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Pharmacological Interventions and Rehabilitation Approach for Enhancing Brain Self-repair and Stroke Recovery
Authors: Szelenberger Rafał , Kostka Joanna , Saluk-Bijak Joanna , Miller Elżbieta
Published: July 2019

Neuroplasticity is a natural process occurring in the brain for the entire life. Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability and a huge medical and financial problem throughout the world. Research conducted over the past decade focused mainly on neuroprotection in the acute phase of stroke while very little studies target the chronic stage. Recovery after stroke depends on the ability of our brain to reestablish the structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks. Combining adjuvant therapies and drugs may enhance the repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. Currently, there are some drugs and rehabilitative strategies that can facilitate brain repair and improve clinical effect even years after stroke onset. Moreover, some of the compounds such as citicoline, fluoxetine, niacin, levodopa, etc. are already in clinical use or are being trialed in clinical issues. Many studies are also testing cell therapies; in our review, we focused on studies where cells have been implemented at the early stage of stroke. Next, we discuss pharmaceutical interventions. In this section, we selected methods of cognitive, behavioral, and physical rehabilitation as well as adjuvant interventions for neuroprotection including noninvasive brain stimulation and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. The modern rehabilitation represents a new model of physical interventions with the limited therapeutic window up to six months after stroke. However, previous studies suggest that the time window for stroke recovery is much longer than previously thought. This review attempts to present the progress in neuroprotective strategies, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological that can stimulate the endogenous neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients.
Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA
Authors: Santoro Antonietta , Chianese Rosanna , Troisi Jacopo , Richards Sean , Nori Stefania Lucia , Fasano Silvia , Guida Maurizio , Plunk Elizabeth , Viggiano Andrea , Pierantoni Riccardo , Meccariello Rosaria
Published: July 2019

Background:

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. It has recognized activity as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and has suspected roles as a neurological and reproductive toxicant. It interferes in steroid signaling, induces oxidative stress, and affects gene expression epigenetically. Gestational, perinatal and neonatal exposures to BPA affect developmental processes, including brain development and gametogenesis, with consequences on brain functions, behavior, and fertility.

Methods:

This review critically analyzes recent findings on the neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA (and its analogues), with focus on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, glia and microglia activity, cognitive functions, and the central and local control of reproduction.

Results:

BPA has potential human health hazard associated with gestational, peri- and neonatal exposure. Beginning with BPA’s disposition, this review summarizes recent findings on the neurotoxicity of BPA and its analogues, on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, neuro-degeneration, and impairment of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, it reports the recent findings on the activity of BPA along the HPG axis, effects on the hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), and the associated effects on reproduction in both sexes and successful pregnancy.

Conclusion:

BPA and its analogues impair neuronal activity, HPG axis function, reproduction, and fertility. Contrasting results have emerged in animal models and human. Thus, further studies are needed to better define their safety levels. This review offers new insights on these issues with the aim to find the “fil rouge”, if any, that characterize BPA’s mechanism of action with outcomes on neuronal function and reproduction.
Emerging Perspectives on DNA Double-strand Breaks in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhu Ling-Shuang , Wang Ding-Qi , Cui Ke , Liu Dan , Zhu Ling-Qiang
Published: July 2019

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are common events that were recognized as one of the most toxic lesions in eukaryotic cells. DSBs are widely involved in many physiological processes such as V(D)J recombination, meiotic recombination, DNA replication and transcription. Deregulation of DSBs has been reported in multiple diseases in human beings, such as the neurodegenerative diseases, with which the underlying mechanisms are needed to be illustrated. Here, we reviewed the recent insights into the dysfunction of DSB formation and repair, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD) and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T).
The Effects of Smoking Cessation on Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Alshahrani Ali
Published: July 2019

Background:

Smoking is an established predictor of type 2 diabetes. However, the link between
smoking cessation and diabetes progression remains a subject of scholarly investigation.

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to establish the link between smoking cessation
and diabetes.

Data Sources:

The study utilized conference abstracts and peer-reviewed journals that reported randomized
controlled trials smoking cessation interventions for diabetes patients.

Results:

Results from the review were inconclusive on the link between smoking cessation and diabetes.
On one hand, several researchers have confirmed a positive correlation between smoking cessation
and decreased risk of diabetes. On the other hand, some researchers have demonstrated that immediate
withdrawal of nicotine resulted in increased risk of diabetes; however, this risk reduces with time.

Conclusion:

The result of this review did not estblish a clear relationship between smoking cessation
and diabates.

Limitations:

Compared to other studies examining the implication of smoking on chronic diseases, this
study identified a very small number of trials evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on diabetes.
The small number of studies implies that the results may not be suitable for generalization.

Implication:

Results from the review can help in the development of a tailored intervention for effective
management of diabetes in smoking patients.
Human Factors and Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale among Young Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Masuri Mohamad Ghazali , Mohd Asib Nur Ainaa , Dahlan Akehsan , Md Isa Khairil Anuar
Published: July 2019

The human factor is one of the major causes that contributed to a road traffic accident (RTA). This study aims to identify the correlation between sleep duration and safe driving attitude among young adult in Malaysia. The significant relationship showed between Domain (D) 1, 4 and 5 of ASDS-46 with sleep duration (ESS). D1 (self-complaint), D4 (self-concern) has positive correlation (p= .110 and .147) and D5 (driving style) has negative correlation (p=.132). In conclusion, short sleep duration may influence the risk of RTA, and on-road assessment is recommended for further investigation.Keywords: Young adult; Sleep quality; Driver’s attitude; Human factorseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1726
MOOCs: aproximaciones a una estrategia de divulgación para la apropiación social del conocimiento
Authors: Morales Rodríguez Adriana , Valencia Molina Claudia Tatiana , Del Valle Jiménez Donovan
Published: July 2019

La propuesta Educativa de los MOOC de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana – Cali se basa en un Modelo educativo para proyectos de formación virtual, el cual se fundamenta en los siguientes pilares: La identidad de la educación de la compañía de Jesús, la Pedagogía Ignaciana como un elemento distintivo del Proyecto Educativo Institucional y la perspectiva del uso reflexivo de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Esta fundamentación ha sido esencial para promover la participación de diversos públicos interesados en el acceso de contenidos relacionados con diversas áreas de conocimiento, con didácticas que rompen con la tradición expositiva y posibilitan hacer accesible, adecuado y significativo, el saber experto por medio del reconocimiento, uso y transformación de las TIC como recursos mediadores que transcienden así la gestión de contenidos para generar aprendizajes significativos y oportunidades para la Universidad de divulgación para la apropiación social del conocimiento.
Estudio de las características reproductivas de híbridos de clavel (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Authors: Ríos Dian Marcela , Filgueira Juan José
Published: July 2019

El clavel es la principal flor de exportación de Colombia y sus principales destinos son los Estados Unidos y Europa. Colombia, es actualmente el primer productor de clavel en el mundo. Las enfermedades vasculares producidas por hongos son la causa más importante de pérdidas en este cultivo y el método de control más eficiente es contar con variedades resistentes. El reconocimiento de las características reproductivas de híbridos de clavel es el objetivo principal de este estudio que permitió en un plazo de tiempo prudente establecer un programa de producción de nuevas variedades de clavel en Colombia. Para ello se utilizaron híbridos de tres generaciones sucesivas obtenidos por autopolinización y se estudiaron las características reproductivas tanto del polen como de los óvulos, así como la cantidad de las diferentes estructuras de reproducción. Los resultados indican que tanto para los órganos de reproducción masculinos como los femeninos, existe una gran variabilidad en número de estructuras, donde la viabilidad reproductiva no está ligada a la generación endogámica. De la misma forma, la cantidad de polen no está directamente vinculada con el número de semillas producidas, así como tampoco con el número de óvulos por gineceo. Por el contrario, la cantidad de semillas si está relacionada con el número de óvulos viables por flor. La fertilidad de los híbridos expresada en términos de granos de polen vs óvulos fecundados y semillas producidas por tallo floral muestra que existe una variabilidad muy amplia en las características de los factores que determinan aspectos reproductivos de los híbridos.
Prediction of Risk of Death for Patients Starting Dialysis
Authors: Anderson Ryan T. , Cleek Hailey , Pajouhi Atieh S. , Bellolio M. Fernanda , Mayukha Ananya , Hart Allyson , Hickson LaTonya J. , Feely Molly A. , Wilson Michael E. , Giddings Connolly Ryan M. , Erwin Patricia J. , Majzoub Abdul M. , Tangri Navdeep , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives

Dialysis is a preference-sensitive decision where prognosis may play an important role. Although patients desire risk prediction, nephrologists are wary of sharing this information. We reviewed the performance of prognostic indices for patients starting dialysis to facilitate bedside translation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus for eligible studies of patients starting dialysis published from inception to December 31, 2018. Selection Criteria: Articles describing validated prognostic indices predicting mortality at the start of dialysis. We excluded studies limited to prevalent dialysis patients, AKI and studies excluding mortality in the first 1–3 months. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts, performed full text assessment of inclusion criteria and extracted: study design, setting, population demographics, index performance and risk of bias. Pre-planned random effects meta-analysis was performed stratified by index and predictive window to reduce heterogeneity.

Results

Of 12,132 articles screened and 214 reviewed in full text, 36 studies were included describing 32 prognostic indices. Predictive windows ranged from 3 months to 10 years, cohort sizes from 46 to 52,796. Meta-analysis showed discrimination area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 073) with high heterogeneity (I
2=99.12). Meta-analysis by index showed highest AUC for The Obi, Ivory, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)=0.74, also CCI was the most commonly used (ten studies). Other commonly used indices were Kahn-Wright index (eight studies, AUC 0.68), Hemmelgarn modification of the CCI (six studies, AUC 0.66) and REIN index (five studies, AUC 0.69). Of the indices, ten have been validated externally, 16 internally and nine were pre-existing validated indices. Limitations include heterogeneity and exclusion of large cohort studies in prevalent patients.

Conclusions

Several well validated indices with good discrimination are available for predicting survival at dialysis start.
Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de nutrición
Authors: Arntz Vera Jenny , Trunce Morales Silvana
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El concepto de inteligencia emocional (IE) desarrollado en 1990 por Salovey y Mayer, y Goleman en 1995, nos invita a considerar una nueva visión del estudio de la inteligencia humana más allá de los aspectos cognitivos e intelectuales. El aprendizaje socioemocional en educación y en la formación de profesionales de salud tiene una gran importancia debido a la relación entre competencias emocionales con las competencias genéricas, y a su supuesta asociación con el rendimiento académico. Se realizó una investigación de corte transversal mediante la aplicación del test TMMS-24 a una muestra de 131 estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición de una universidad pública chilena, con el objetivo de establecer la relación existente entre los componentes de la inteligencia emocional con el rendimiento académico y avance curricular. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas de ANOVA para asociación entre niveles de inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico y prueba de Chi cuadrado para asociación con avance curricular. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas entre el nivel de atención y el promedio de notas (p = 0.829), el nivel de comprensión y el promedio de notas (p = 0.963) y el nivel de regulación y el promedio de notas (p = 0.501), aplicando ANOVA. No se encontró asociación entre los niveles de inteligencia emocional y avance curricular, aplicando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Los resultados de investigaciones que asocian inteligencia emocional son controversiales. Este estudio es un aporte a los resultados publicados en esta línea. A pesar de los resultados, se considera relevante la consideración de competencias socioemocionales en la formación de profesionales de salud como parte de la formación integral para enfrentar el mundo laboral.
Estudio y desarrollo de las competencias emocionales en estudiantes de medicina. Una aproximación bibliométrica
Authors: Leo Ramírez Cecilia Eulalia , Zapata González Alfredo , Esperón Hernández Ramón Ignacio
Published: July 2019

Introducción: Este trabajo revela el estado del arte sobre los avances en el reconocimiento de las competencias emocionales de los estudiantes de medicina y las estrategias  educativas implementadas en el mundo para su evaluación y desarrollo, bajo la premisa de que el fortalecimiento emocional de los futuros médicos mejora los factores protectores y de afrontamiento, reduciendo riesgos para su salud y la de sus pacientes, considerándose una aportación a la educación médica, la salud mental y la salud pública.
Autopercepción de la adquisición de las competencias informacional y comunicativa para la elaboración de trabajos académicos en la universidad
Authors: Reche Urbano Eloísa , Martín Fernández Mª Amor , González López Ignacio
Published: July 2019

El artículo muestra la viabilidad de un instrumento de elaboración propia para medir la autopercepción del alumnado universitario sobre su nivel de destreza en las competencias informacional y comunicativa para la elaboración de trabajos académicos de naturaleza científica. El propósito del estudio es contribuir a valorar la eficacia de la metodología de aula utilizada por el profesorado, así como para concienciar a los y las estudiantes de la necesidad de formación en estos elementos competenciales para su completo desarrollo profesional. Se trabajó con una muestra de 172 estudiantes de primer curso del grado en Educación Primaria del Centro de Magisterio “Sagrado Corazón” (adscrito a la Universidad de Córdoba) del curso 2017-2018. Las diferentes estrategias analíticas empleadas para determinar su fiabilidad y validez permitieron obtener resultados consistentes, y con base en ellos se establecieron los elementos básicos que definen el éxito en el desarrollo de estos trabajos académicos.
Pattern Recognition Bird Sounds Based on Their Type Using Discreate Cosine Transform (DCT) and Gaussian Methods
Authors: Nugroho Hendro , Widodo Wahyu , Rachman Andy
Published: July 2019

To know the type of bird, most people know from the shape of bird species and the sound of birds. In this study, it identified the pattern of bird sounds. The bird sounds studied were Canary Trills, Vulture and Crow birds. In the introduction of the type of bird sound pattern in this study using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method and Gaussian value. The researcher conducted several steps to get the sound model of birds, among others, namely (1) bird sound input in the form of WAV file, (2) Hamming Windowing, (3) DFT / FFT, (4) Mel Bank Filter, (5) DCT, and (6) Value Gaussian. The output obtained is in the form of vector values and represented in graphical form. The results obtained in the study of pattern recognition of bird sound types get the results of observations in the same bird sound duration and frequency of the same, then the same pattern is obtained in the same bird as evidenced by calculating the closest distance value with Bray Curtis method. For the same duration of time and the length of the frequency that is not the same; it found that the pattern of bird sounds is not the same.
Adaptive Contents Distribution Based on Traffic Congestion on Digital Signage System
Authors: Alifudin Ridhwan , Rakhmatsyah Andrian , Yasirandi Rahmat
Published: July 2019

Current technological developments have been very rapid. One of them is the many choices of technology and media to deliver information to the public. Digital Signage is one of the most popular information delivery systems today, displays on digital or electronic media, and it can convey new details. The information usually showed in the form of advertising content in the format of images or videos. Ad content displayed is static, meaning that the ad content will be display in the order specified. This system usually placed next to a broad road. A place that is considered to have a broad audience and requires a significant amount of money to display ad content. However, this causes ad content owners who do not have enough costs not to be able to show the ad content in a particular place. Therefore, this research makes the content management system adaptive to road congestion situations which represented as audience quantities so that the costs can be adjusted. Data is obtained from the Google Maps API and analyzed the traffic congestion by conducting experiments. The compatibility between density and content after testing the results in 100% accuracy.
Kedudukan Memorandum Of Understanding (MoU) Helsinki Dalam Pembentukan Undang- Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pemerintahan Aceh
Authors: Salpina Qonita Royani
Published: July 2019

MoU Helsinki antara Pemerintah RI dan GAM bertujuan untuk menyelesaian konflik Aceh secara damai. Pada poin perjanjian MoU Helsinki diamanatakan untuk membentuk Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh, dan diharapkan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh dapat mengakomodir isi perjanjian tersebut. Yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kedudukan MoU Helsinki dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh serta apakah pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh sudah sesuai dengan teknis pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan MoU Helsinki dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh dan untuk mengetahui apakah pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh sudah sesuai dengan teknis pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statuate aprroach) dengan memahami hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, serta asas-asas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah melalui kepustakaan berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif dan menghasilkan data yang bersifat perspektif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan MoU Helsinki pada pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh merupakan cikal bakal dibentuknya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh sebagaimana telah diamanatkan pada poin perjanjian MoU Helsinki. Sebahagian ketentuan perjanjian telah diakomodir dalam Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh, namun ada beberapa ketentuan MoU Helsinki yang tidak diakomodir atau tidak tegas diatur dalam UUPA. Secara teori seharusnya dalam konsideran memuat latar belakang dibentuknya sebuah peraturan perundang-undangan, dan konsideran haruslah memuat landasan sosiologis sebagai salah satu landasan yang mutlak dan seharusnya ada dalam setiap undang-undang. Mengenai teknis pembentukan undang-undang, maka pembentukan Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh sudah sesuai dengan teknis pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana dimuat pada Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.
PENERAPAN SANKSI TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL LOGGING DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG DITINJAU DARI DARI UU N0. 18 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DAN PEMBERANTASAN PERUSAKAN HUTAN ( Studi Kasus Kecamatan Bener Kelipah Kabupaten Bener Meriah )
Authors: Abu Bakar Ali
Published: July 2019

Hutan lindung Paya Rebol merupakan kawasan hutan yang menjadi sistem penyangga sumber mata air bagi masyarakat di beberapa kecamatan yang berada di sekitar kawasan hutan, seperti kecamatan Bener Kelipah, Bandar dan Syah utama, kegiatan perambahan dan pengrusakan hutan (illegal logging) dengan merubah dan mengalihfungsikan hutan lindung menjadi lahan pertanian hortikultura (budidaya tanaman) secara tidak sah, sampai saat ini masih marak terjadi di kawasan hutan lindung Paya Rebol walaupun sebelumnya Dinas lingkungan Hidup dan kehutanan Aceh bekerja sama dengan pihak kepolisian telah menindak lanjuti kasus perambahan di hutan lindung tersebut, yang terbukti melanggar ketentuan Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan.Yang menjadi fokus permasalahan adalah apa faktor penyebab, masih maraknya kegiatan illegal logging yang mengalih fungsikan hutan lindung, bagaimana modus operandi dan vevendi terjadinya kegiatan  illegal logging, bagaimana sistem penerapan sanksi tindak pidana illegal logging yang terjadi di kawasan hutan lindung Paya Rebol, bagaimanakah upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan terjadinya tindak pidana illegal logging di kawasan hutan lindung Paya Rebol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Diskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan Yuridis empiris, yang bertujuan untuk melihat hukum dalam arti nyata dan meneliti bagaimana bekerjanya hukum dalam lingkungan masyarakat serta mengetahui bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap kasus illegal logging tersebut. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Dinas lingkungan Hidup dan kehutanan Aceh belum efektif sehingga tindak pidana illegal logging masih terjadi yang disebabkan oleh kebutuhan ekonomi, kurangnya Personel aparat pengawas hutan, kebiasaan masyarakat adat, ketidak jelasan tapal batas kawasan hutan. Saran yang direkomendasikan hendakanya pihak pejabat terkait dapat mengkombinasikan dan memaksimalkan upaya-upaya preventif,upaya represif dan deteksi dini, yang diharapkan dapat terus menekan terjadinya kasus perambahan dan perusakan pada kawasan hutan lindung Paya Rebol.
EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN SANKSI TALAK DI LUAR MAHKAMAH RENDAH SYARIAH (Studi Kasus Di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor, Malaysia)
Authors: Binti Mohd Rijal Siti Maimunah
Published: July 2019

Artikel berjudul “ Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Sanksi Talak di Luar Mahkamah Rendah Syariah (Studi Kasus Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor, Malaysia ) ini ditulis untuk mengkaji masalah untuk mengurangi talak di luar Mahkamah, pemerintah Malaysia telah menetapkan sanksi bagi pelaku. Jadi, permasalahan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana efektivitas pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor? (2) Faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor? (3) Bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar mahkamah? Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan metode deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor masih kurang efektif dalam mengurangi perceraian. Kasus perceraian ditemukan cukup banyak di negeri Selangor sebanyak 71.8% kasus meningkat dari tegang waktu tahun 2012 hingga 2017 namun kisaran kasus di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Gombak Barat agak sudah sedikit menurun dari tahun 2015 hingga 2017 hanya ditemukan beberapa kasus yang terdaftar. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Selangor ada dua. Pertama, Enakmen Hukum Keluarga Islam Negeri Selangor telah diatur hukum perceraian di luar mahkamah secara rinci dan jelas, namun masyarakat masih kurang sosialisasi dan mengambil berat terhadap aturan ini sehingga penerapan sanksi atas kasus talak di luar mahkamah muncul sebagai solusi hukumnya. Kedua, banyaknya temuan kasus talak di luar mahkamah mengharuskan adanya kebijakan hukum berupa penjatuhan sanksi hukum bagi pelakunya. Pelaksanaan sanksi talak di luar mahkamah tidak menyalahi hukum Islam. pelaksanaan sanksi hukum atas kasus talak di luar mahkamah dilandasai atas kemaslahatan masyarakat, mengatur tertib dan praktis talak secara baik sehingga suami tidak sewenang-wenang menjatuhkan talak.
Evaluación de la eficacia de la terapia ablativa con argón plasma en el esófago de Barrett con displasia: seguimiento prospectivo no menor a un año
Authors: Castaño Llano Rodrigo , Alvarez Oscar , Piñeres Amy , Ruíz Vélez Mario Hernán , Rojas Andrés , Alvarez Diazgranados Alejandra , Ruíz Velásquez Luis Miguel , Restrepo David , Calvo Betancur Víctor Daniel
Published: July 2019

Introducción: el esófago de Barrett (EB) con displasia tiene un reconocido potencial maligno. Ni la supresión ácida, ni la cirugía antirreflujo producen una regresión consistente o completa del epitelio metaplásico o displásico. La termoablación endoscópica a través de la coagulación con argón plasma (APC) ofrece la posibilidad de su erradicación (ablación), pero los posibles factores que pueden influir en el desenlace de la terapia aún no han sido evaluados consistentemente. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la APC en la erradicación del EB con displasia y los factores que influencian su desenlace inmediato y tras por lo menos un año de seguimiento. Métodos: A 33 pacientes con EB y displasia (19 hombres-58%), con una media de edad de 56,9±6,35 años (rango 45 a 69 años) con una longitud media del EB de 4,1 cm (rango de 2-8 cm), se les practicó terapia con APC a intervalos de cada 4-6 semanas, hasta lograr la erradicación del EB, mientras estaban recibiendo terapia con doble dosis de inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBP). Los pacientes se controlaron por endoscopia a los 3, 6 y 12 meses y en adelante cada año, con biopsias de cuatro cuadrantes en las áreas tratadas. Resultados: la totalidad de los pacientes presentó ablación del EB y la displasia después de una media de 2 sesiones de APC (1 a 4 sesiones). La recurrencia del EB y la displasia se asocian con una mayor longitud inicial del EB circular o de su margen más proximal, a pesar de un mayor número de sesiones de APC (cifras no significativas). A 7 pacientes se les documentó la recaída del Barrett (21,2%) y en 3 (9,1%) se presentó nuevamente displasia (dos de bajo grado y una de alto grado) La complicación más frecuente fue el dolor retroesternal presente en 6 pacientes (18,2%), en 4 hubo estenosis que ameritó dilatación endoscópica (12,1%) y un paciente (3%) presentó sangrado durante el procedimiento que requirió escleroterapia. El seguimiento promedio fue de 43,7±19 meses y no se presentó carcinoma de esófago ni hubo ninguna muerte relacionada con la enfermedad o la terapia. Conclusiones: el tratamiento con APC es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo como terapia ablativa en segmentos cortos del EB con displasia. La recurrencia del EB y la displasia es común luego de un año posterior a la terapia, especialmente en aquellos con segmentos largos de EB.
Ablación con radiofrecuencia del esófago de Barret con displasia o carcinoma in situ. Experiencia preliminar
Authors: Castaño Llano Rodrigo , Alvarez Oscar , Piñeres Amy , Ruíz Mario H , Rojas Andrés , Alvarez Alejandra , Ruíz Luis Miguel , Restrepo David , Calvo Betancur Victor Daniel
Published: July 2019

Introducción: el esófago de Barrett (EB) es el resultado de la injuria crónica del ácido sobre el epitelio esofágico por el RGE. Se define cuando el epitelio metaplásico columnar reemplaza al epitelio escamoso estratificado que normalmente recubre el esófago. El EB representa un factor de riesgo para el adenocarcinoma de esófago. El objetivo de la ablación por radiofrecuencia (RFA) es destruir el epitelio metaplásico con la corriente eléctrica de radiofrecuencia para estimular la reaparición del epitelio plano estratificado del esófago distal.

Objetivo: evaluar la eficiencia y seguridad de la técnica de RFA, recientemente introducida en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, para el manejo del EB con displasia o carcinoma in situ.

Materiales y métodos: diez pacientes fueron tratados con RFA. Pacientes con EB con displasia o carcinoma in situ como hallazgo histológico fueron elegidos para el tratamiento. La técnica de RFA se aplicó usando el equipo BARRX: el sistema circular HALO360 o el HALO90. Los efectos macro o microscópicos de la terapia con RFA, la tolerancia del paciente al tratamiento así como las complicaciones fueron evaluadas.

Resultados: un grupo de 10 pacientes recibió la terapia con RFA, todos terminaron la terapia y el seguimiento. En siete pacientes había displasia de bajo grado, en dos de alto grado y un paciente con carcinoma in situ. Dos pacientes tenían resección endoscópica con bandas de nódulos de la mucosa previa a la terapia con RFA. Se realizaron un total de 13 procedimientos: 10 con HALO360, 2 HALO90 y un paciente tratado con argón plasma para un EB residual. En todos los pacientes se logró la erradicación del epitelio esofágico metaplásico y displásico como se confirmó en la evaluación endoscópica e histológica. No se encontraron complicaciones significativas relacionadas con la terapia de RFA, pero en dos pacientes se encontró estenosis del esófago y uno requirió dilataciones endoscópicas tres semanas después de la terapia.

Conclusiones: con base en estos resultados preliminares consideramos que este es un método promisorio, sin mayores complicaciones y bien tolerado por el paciente. En la mayoría de pacientes se erradicó exitosamente el epitelio metaplásico y displásico del esófago distal.
Performance analysis of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system in climatic conditions of Turkey
Authors: Coskun Salih
Published: July 2019

In order to contribute to widespread use of RES in Turkey, a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system was modeled using TRNSYS software and simulated for heating and supplying daily hot water to meet the needs of a restaurant in five sample provinces having different climatic conditions. During the simulation, the dining room temperature of the restaurant was kept constant at 22?C during the winter season and a total of 300 Lph of water (55?C) was used for 15 minutes four times a day. According to the simulation results, power consumption rates in the solar-assisted ground source heat pump system were determined as about 60% for the heat pump, 16% for heaters, 14% for the ground pump and 8% for fans and other pumps. The highest power consumption, as expected, was obtained for Hakkari Province (6723 kW) in the Eastern Anatolia region, which has a cold climate, while the lowest power consumption was obtained for Izmir Province (2822 kW) in the Aegean region, which has mild climatic conditions. The lowest seasonal performance factor and solar factor values were calculated as 2.27 and 32% for Hakkari and the highest as 2.71 and 56% for Izmir, respectively.
Pressure influence on heating of ventilating disc brakes for passenger cars
Authors: Stojanovic Nadica , Glisovic Jasna , Abdullah Oday , Grujic Ivan , Vasiljevic Sasa
Published: July 2019

The braking system is one of the most important elements in vehicle systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, besides the steering system and the internal combustion engine. During the braking process, the disc and pads absorb a large amount of kinetic energy that converted to heat. Owing to this frictional heating, it is necessary to compute the temperature distribution that will be appeared during the braking process, which is the main goal of this research paper. There are many factors that can be influenced to the distribution of frictional heat generated. One of the significant factors is the applied pressure by the brake pad on the braking disc. The results proved that when increased the applied pressure then the frictional heat generated increased too. It was developed a new finite element model based on observed data from real vehicle. It was used ANSYS/WORKBENCH 14.5 software to perform the numerical analysis, module Transient Structural. Parts that are the most disposed to the thermal stress are braking pads. Also, it was found time period from 0 to 0.1 second is the most critical period during the whole braking period, because in this period, temperature rises rapidly, the maximum temperature occurred at 1.338 seconds, and after that it falls.
Controls and the Asymmetric Stickiness of Norms
Authors: Emett Scott A. , Guymon Ronald N. , Tayler William B. , Young Donald
Published: July 2019

SYNOPSIS

This study investigates how formal control systems and the behavior of peers influence behavior in accounting settings with imperfect controls. We manipulate formal controls and social norms in a laboratory experiment, allowing us to precisely investigate the interactive effect of these two factors on behavior. We provide evidence that when initial controls are strong and subsequently weakened, individuals behave in a more self-interested manner in subsequent settings than individuals who are in a setting where initial controls are weak and subsequently strengthened. We also provide evidence that individuals conform more to social norms that conflict with the behavior that changes in formal controls induce. Finally, we find that individuals preferentially attend and conform to the self-interested actions of peers (as opposed to the socially interested actions of their peers), causing self-interested norms to be “stickier” than socially interested norms for behavior.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49; C91.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Effect of Tax Authority-Developed Software on Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Brink William D. , Hansen Victoria J.
Published: July 2019

SYNOPSIS

We predict taxpayers who use tax software developed by tax authorities will be more compliant than those who use commercial tax software. Experiment 1 indicates that taxpayers who are shown by prior literature to be aggressive (those in a tax-due position) report less aggressively when they utilize tax software developed by the taxing authorities, compared to a commercial software package. Using tax software developed by tax authorities minimizes the difference in aggressiveness between taxpayers in a tax-due position and those in a refund position, mitigating the effects found in prior research. Results from Experiment 2 suggest that the identity of the software developer is key; placement of a tax authority logo on commercial software does not create the same effect. Experiment 2 also provides evidence that taxpayers assume a greater detection risk when using authority-developed software, accounting for some change in behavior. The results of this paper have implications for researchers, taxpayers, and policy makers.
Concurrent Earnings Announcements and Analysts' Information Production
Authors: Driskill Matthew , Kirk Marcus P. , Tucker Jennifer Wu
Published: July 2019

We examine whether financial analysts are subject to limited attention. We find that when analysts have another firm in their coverage portfolio announcing earnings on the same day as the sample firm (a “concurrent announcement”), they are less likely to issue timely earnings forecasts for the sample firm's subsequent quarter than analysts without a concurrent announcement. Among the analysts who issue timely earnings forecasts, the thoroughness of their work decreases as their number of concurrent announcements increases. In addition, analysts are more sluggish in providing stock recommendations and less likely to ask questions in earnings conference calls as their number of concurrent announcements increases. Moreover, when analysts face concurrent announcements, they tend to allocate their limited attention to firms that already have rich information environments, leaving behind firms in need of attention. Overall, our evidence suggests that even financial analysts, who serve as information specialists, are subject to limited attention.

JEL Classifications: G10; G11; G17; G14.

Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Proactive Financial Reporting Enforcement: Audit Fees and Financial Reporting Quality Effects
Authors: Florou Annita , Morricone Serena , Pope Peter F.
Published: July 2019

We examine the costs and benefits of proactive financial reporting enforcement by the U.K. Financial Reporting Review Panel. Enforcement scrutiny is selective and varies by sector and over time, yet can be anticipated by auditors and companies. We find evidence that increased enforcement intensity leads to temporary increases in audit fees and more conservative accruals. However, cross-sectional analysis across market segments reveals that audit fees increase primarily in the less-regulated AIM segment, and especially those AIM companies with a higher likelihood of financial distress and less stringent governance. On the contrary, less reliable operating asset-related accruals are more conservative in the Main segment and, in particular, those Main companies with stronger incentives for higher financial reporting quality. Overall, our study indicates that financial reporting enforcement generates costs and benefits, but not always for the same companies.

JEL Classifications: K42; M41; M42; M48.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.