bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacillus subtilis Strain YJ-15, Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Wheat Grown under Saline Conditions, Increases Soil Fertility and Modifies Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Sui Junkang , Wang Chenyu , Chu Pengfei , Ren Changqing , Hou Feifan , Zhang Yuxuan , Shang Xueting , Zhao Qiqi , Hua Xuewen , Zhang Hengjia
Published: October 2024

Soil salinization during wheat cultivation considerably diminishes soil fertility and impedes wheat growth, primarily due to rhizosphere microbial community changes. Our study investigates the application of Bacillus subtilis YJ-15, a strain isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat cultivated in salinized soil, as a soil remediation agent. This strain has demonstrated significant salt tolerance, disease suppression capabilities, and growth-promoting attributes in previous studies. The wheat rhizosphere was examined to assess the impact of Bacillus subtilis YJ-15 on microbial community composition and soil fertility. Fertility of soil in saline soil was significantly increased by inoculating wheat with YJ-15. The microbial community structure within the wheat rhizosphere inoculated with Bacillus subtilis YJ-15 was analyzed through sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Phyla Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were identified as the dominant bacteria. Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Ascomycota dominated the fungal phyla. Among the bacterial genera, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, and Bacillus were predominant. The predominant fungal genera included Alternaria, Cephalotrichum, Mortierella, and Chaetomium. A significant increase in Gaiella and Haliangium levels was observed in the YJ group compared to the control group. Additionally, the fungal genera Epicoccum, Sporidiobolus, and Lecythophora have significantly increased in YJ abundance. One of the potential benefits of Bacillus subtilis YJ-15 in the cultivation of wheat on salinized land is its ability to enhance the rhizosphere microbial community structure and improve soil fertility.
The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Genesis of Mississippi-Valley-Type (MVT) Zn–Pb Deposits: Insights from In Situ Sulfur Isotopes of Sphalerite from the Southwestern Margin of the Yangtze Block, SW China
Authors: Wang Guozhi , Huang Zhu , Lei Qing , Xu Wei
Published: October 2024

The coexistence of numerous Mississippi-Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb deposits and (paleo) oil/gas reservoirs in the world suggests a close genetic relationship between mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation. Xuequ–Shandouya middle MVT Zn–Pb deposits are mainly hosted in the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Member siliceous dolostone on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, accompanied by large amount of bitumen in the orebodies. Therefore, this type of Zn–Pb deposit is a natural laboratory for studying the relationship between the mineralization and the accumulation of paleo-oil/gas reservoirs. The deposit is characterized by spheroidal and concentric banded sphalerite. In situ sulfur isotope studies are carried out to determine the sulfur sources, sulfate reduction mechanisms, and role of hydrocarbons in the zinc–lead mineralization process. According to the mineral paragenesis and relative temporal relationship, two mineralization stages (1 and 2) are identified. An in situ sulfur isotope analysis of spheroidal and concentric banded sphalerite particles from Stage 2 shows that there are the two following types of sulfur isotopes in the sphalerite: one with relatively invariable δ34S values in the core (+8.31 to +9.30‰), and the other with a gradual increase from the core margin (core) to the rim (+0.39 to +16.18‰). These two types reflect that they may have formed in different times, with first type forming in the early period of Stage 2, while the second type was formed in the late period of Stage 2. The sulfur isotopic data suggest the sulfur source of evaporated sulfate minerals and multiple formation mechanisms for reduced sulfur (H2S). In the early period of Stage 2 mineralization, the sulfate reduction mechanism is mainly a mixture of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and/or thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), while a very small amount may come from the thermal decomposition of organic compounds (DOCs). In the late period of Stage 2, TSR is dominant, and the gradual increase in the δ34S value may be related to Rayleigh fractionation. The oil/gasreservoir not only acts as a reducing agent to provide the required hydrogen sulfide for zinc–lead mineralization through TSR or BSR, but also provides reduced sulfur for mineralization through the thermal decomposition of organic compounds directly.
Acausal Fuel Cell Simulation Model for System Integration Analysis in Early Design Phases
Authors: Cavini Leonardo , Liscouët-Hanke Susan , Viola Nicole
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen technologies have the potential to reduce aviation’s CO2 emissions but come with many challenges. This paper introduces a scalable hydrogen fuel cell model tailored for system integration analysis in early aircraft design phases. The model focuses on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and is based on thermodynamic equations and empirical data to simulate performance under different ambient and operating conditions; it also includes a simplified model of the Balance of Plant (BOP) systems and is implemented in OpenModelica. The model performance is validated through a comparison of the simulated polarization curves with real datasheet data. A case study highlights the peculiarities of this model by studying the sizing of the fuel cell stacks for a modified ATR 72 aircraft. The developed model effectively supports the early design exploration of the aircraft with a greater level of detail for system integration studies, essential to better explore the potential of aircraft featuring hydrogen-based power systems.
Advances in Extracting Bioactive Compounds from Food and Agricultural Waste and By-Products Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Circular Economy Perspective
Authors: Ristivojević Petar , Krstić Ristivojević Maja , Stanković Dalibor , Cvijetić Ilija
Published: October 2024

Due to the urgent need for a transition to sustainable, zero-waste green technology, the extraction of bioactives from food and agricultural by-products and waste has garnered increasing interest. Traditional extraction techniques often involve using organic solvents, which are associated with environmental and health risks. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as a promising green alternative, offering advantages such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of biomolecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent trends in the application of NADESs for extracting bioactive compounds from sustainable sources. The review explains the composition and principles of preparation and highlights various applications of NADESs in extracting different classes of bioactive compounds, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize extraction processes. By summarizing the latest advancements and trends, this review aims to support research and industrial applications of NADESs, promoting more sustainable and efficient extraction methods in the food and agricultural sectors.
β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Laser-Induced Graphene Electrode for Detection of N6-Methyladenosine in RNA
Authors: Guo Jingyi , Zhao Mei , Kuang Xia , Chen Zilin , Wang Fang
Published: October 2024

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) possesses characteristics of easy handling, miniaturization, and unique electrical properties. We modified the surface of LIG by electropolymerizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), which was used to immobilize antibodies on the electrode surface for highly sensitive detection of targets. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent reversible modification in mammalian messenger RNA and noncoding RNA, influencing the development of various cancers. Here, β-CD was electropolymerized to immobilize the anti-m6A antibody, which subsequently recognized the target m6A. This was integrated into the catalytic hydrogen peroxide–hydroquinone (H2O2-HQ) redox system using phos-tag-biotin to generate electrochemical signals from streptavidin-modified horseradish peroxidase (SA-HRP). Under optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibited a linear range from 0.1 to 100 nM with a minimum detection limit of 96 pM. The method was successfully applied to the recovery analysis of m6A from HeLa cells through spiking experiments and aims to inspire strategies for point-of-care testing (POCT).
Review of the Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Tricholoma Secondary Metabolites (2018–2023)
Authors: Zhao Meili , Yuan Shiqin , Li Zhiming , Liu Chengwei , Zhang Ruiying
Published: October 2024

Tricholoma are significant medicinal and edible mushrooms within Basidiomycota. Known for their various medicinal properties such as anti-tumor, immune regulation, and antioxidant effects, they are regarded worldwide as health foods of the 21st century. Tricholoma species produce various types of secondary metabolites, which have been extensively studied by the scientific community. In 2018, Clericuzio et al. summarized the structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities of over one hundred different secondary metabolites isolated from the fruiting bodies of 25 Tricholoma species. Building on this, the present article reviews the research progress on Tricholoma secondary metabolites from 2018 to 2023, identifying a total of 101 compounds, 46 of which were newly discovered. These secondary metabolites include a wide range of chemical categories such as terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids, demonstrating broad biological activities. This article aims to provide in-depth scientific insights and guidance for researchers in this field by summarizing the chemical and biological properties of these secondary metabolites, promoting further applications and development of Tricholoma fungi in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Reactions of Tetracyanoethylene with Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines and Hydrazines and Chemical Transformations of Tetracyanoethylene Derivatives
Authors: Ivanova Elizaveta , Osipova Margarita , Kadyrov Yhtyyar , Karpov Sergey , Markova Svetlana , Zazhivihina Ekaterina , Umanova Lubov , Vasilieva Tatyana , Mitrasov Yurii , Smolkina Yulia , Nasakin Oleg
Published: October 2024

The significant synthetic potential and reactivity of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) have captured the interest of numerous chemical communities. One of the most promising, readily achievable, yet least explored pathways for the reactivity of TCNE involves its interaction with arylamines. Typically, the reaction proceeds via tricyanovinylation (TCV); however, deviations from the standard chemical process have been observed in some instances. These include the formation of heterocyclic structures through tricyanovinyl intermediates, aliphatic dicarbonitriles through the cleavage of the C–C bond of a tetracyanoethyl substituent, complexation, and various pericyclic reactions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the diverse modes of interaction of TCNE with aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds and to focus the attention of the chemical community on the synthetic capabilities of this reagent, as well as the various biological and optical activities of the structures synthesized based on TCNE.
Trialkoxysilane Grafting in Alcohols: A Simple Approach towards Modified Silica-Based Materials
Authors: Marzullo Paola , Campisciano Vincenzo , Liotta Leonarda Francesca , D’Anna Francesca , Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo
Published: October 2024

The grafting of trialkoxysilanes is the most common method for the surface functionalization of silica gel, and it is usually carried out in the presence of toluene or other solvents such as acetonitrile or acetone. Here, we replaced these solvents with alcohols to afford silica materials containing alkoxy groups linked to the silicon atom. The grafting of N,N-dimethyl-3-amino- or 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane was carried out in the presence of several alcohols containing an unsubstituted alkyl chain (C7 and C14), a PEG functionalized chain, or an amino-substituted chain (N,N-dimethylamino, pyridyl). Materials were characterized via solid-state 13C- and 29Si CPMAS NMR and thermogravimetric analysis to prove that alcohols are not “innocent” solvents but take part in the reaction and lead to [RSi(OR1)-(OSi)2] systems where the OR1 group proceeds from the alcohol used in the synthesis. As a proof of concept, we briefly studied the catalytic activity of some of these materials with the aim of showing how different modifications can influence the course of a selected reaction. Finally, a quaternary ammonium salt (QAS)-based silica was prepared containing both an alkyl-QAS and an alkoxy-QAS linked to silicon atoms. This could represent an interesting approach for the development of new antifouling-based materials and, overall, the described strategy could be useful for the preparation of new organosilica materials.
On the Role of the Interlayer Interactions in Atomistic Simulations of Kaolinite Clay
Authors: Ható Zoltán , Kristóf Tamás
Published: October 2024

A systematic simulation study was performed to investigate the interlayer interactions in a 1:1 layered phyllosilicate clay, kaolinite. Atomistic simulations with classical realistic force fields (INTERFACE and ClayFF) were used to examine the influence of the individual non-bonded interactions on the interlayer binding in the kaolinite model system. By switching off selected pairwise interactions in the applied force fields (leaving the intralayer interactions intact), it was confirmed that the tetrahedral–octahedral-type pairwise interactions held the kaolinite plates together and that interlayer hydrogen bonding, modeled by Coulombic forces, played a dominant role in this. Furthermore, it was observed that the number of hydrogen bonds formed had a significant influence on the basal spacing, and thus there was a striking change in the layer–layer interaction strength when there were only two kaolinite plates in the system, rather than several plates, as in real kaolinite particles. Contrary to expectations, the dispersion forces of the studied force fields alone were found to be strong enough to hold the kaolinite plates together.
Effects of Sucralose Supplementation on Glycemic Response, Appetite, and Gut Microbiota in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Study Protocol
Authors: Reyes-López Zeniff , Olvera-Hernández Viridiana , Ramos-García Meztli , Méndez José D. , Guzmán-Priego Crystell G. , Martínez-López Miriam C. , García-Vázquez Carlos , Alvarez-Villagomez Carina S. , Juárez-Rojop Isela E. , Díaz-Zagoya Juan C. , Ble-Castillo Jorge L.
Published: October 2024

Sucralose stands as the most common non-nutritive sweetener; however, its metabolic effects have sparked significant controversy over the years. We aim to examine the effects of sucralose daily intake on glycemia, subjective appetite, and gut microbiota (GM) changes in subjects with overweight or obesity. In this randomized, crossover, and controlled trial, 23 participants with a body mass index between 25 kg/m2 and 39.9 kg/m2 will be assigned to one of two interventions to receive either sucralose (2 mg/kg/day equivalent to 40% of the acceptable daily intake) or glucose (control) for 4 weeks, each phase separated by a 4-week washout period. The glycemic response will be determined during a meal tolerance test, subjective appetite will be evaluated using a visual analog scale, and GM changes will be analyzed by next-generation sequencing of the bacterial rRNA 16S gene from fecal samples. All measures will be performed before and after intervention periods. We hypothesize that sucralose supplementation induces changes in glycemic response, subjective appetite, and gut microbiota in overweight and obese participants. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the UJAT (No. 0721) and was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001531808).
ITO-Based Electrically Tunable Metasurface for Active Control of Light Transmission
Authors: Ma Ruize , Mao Yu , Li Peiyang , Li Dong , Wen Dandan
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the rapid development of dynamically tunable metasurfaces has provided a new avenue for flexible control of optical properties. This paper introduces a transmission-type electrically tunable metasurface, employing a series of subwavelength-scale silicon (Si) nanoring structures with an intermediate layer of Al2O3-ITO-Al2O3. This design allows the metasurface to induce strong Mie resonance when transverse electric (TE) waves are normally incident. When a bias voltage is applied, the interaction between light and matter is enhanced due to the formation of an electron accumulation layer at the ITO-Al2O3 interface, thereby altering the resonance characteristics of the metasurface. This design not only avoids the absorption loss of metal nanostructures and has a large modulation depth, but also shows compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Vitamin D Deficiency as a Contributing Factor to Chronic Rhinitis in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Park Sang Chul , Park Do-Yang
Published: October 2024

Background: Recent studies suggest a critical role for vitamin D in respiratory diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and chronic rhinitis, particularly in middle- and older-aged populations, remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and chronic rhinitis in middle- and older-aged adults while controlling for lifestyle and physical status factors. Methods: Data from 12,654 participants aged 40 years and older were analyzed from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012). The prevalence of chronic rhinitis and its association with serum vitamin D levels were assessed using multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and physical characteristics. Results: The prevalence of chronic rhinitis was 21.1%. Participants with chronic rhinitis had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (69.9% vs. 65.2%) and lower mean vitamin D levels (17.73 ng/mL vs. 18.19 ng/mL) compared to those without chronic rhinitis. After adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin D deficiency remained significantly associated with an increased likelihood of chronic rhinitis (OR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.082–1.348, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study identifies a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and chronic rhinitis in middle- and older-aged adults, suggesting that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be important in managing chronic rhinitis.
Opportunities and Challenges of California’s Fruit and Vegetable Electronic Benefit Transfer Pilot Project at Farmers’ Markets: A Qualitative Study with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Shoppers and Farmers’ Market Staff
Authors: Chelius Carolyn , Strochlic Ron , Hewawitharana Sridharshi C. , Gosliner Wendi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Nutrition incentive programs can increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables and improve food security among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants and others in the United States. This qualitative study explored SNAP participants’ and farmers’ market staff’s perceptions of and experiences with a pilot supplemental benefit program offered at seven farmers’ markets in 2023 as part of the California Fruit and Vegetable Electronic Benefit Transfer Pilot Project. The pilot introduced specific characteristics that differ from more traditional nutrition incentive program dollar-for-dollar match incentive models, particularly the traditional model operating in California. Specific differences included the following: (1) offering a monthly USD 60 supplemental benefit that could be redeemed in a single shopping trip; (2) providing the supplemental benefit as a match that could be spent on any SNAP-eligible item in any retail location (rather than solely on fruits and vegetables at the farmers’ market). Methods: We conducted a qualitative, cross-sectional study including seven focus groups with 40 SNAP shoppers and six focus groups with 14 farmers’ market staff at six pilot-participating farmers’ markets in California. All focus groups were conducted by trained research staff and were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the immersion crystallization method. Results: Our findings include that shoppers appreciated several features of the pilot, particularly the ability to obtain an entire month’s supplemental benefit during one shopping trip and the ability to spend the benefit earned on any SNAP-eligible item at any SNAP retailer. Farmers’ market staff appreciated that the pilot benefited shoppers but found it difficult to manage due to staff and shopper confusion about the program, increased program utilization, subsequent long lines, and the spending of the earned incentives at other SNAP retailers. Both shoppers and staff reported that the program was difficult to understand. Conclusions: These findings can inform future nutrition incentive program designs to benefit SNAP participants while offering sustainable models for farmers’ markets.
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xie Yixun , Zhou Kaixiang , Shang Zhangyuting , Bao Dapeng , Zhou Junhong
Published: October 2024

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a circadian rhythm-based intermittent fasting intervention that has been used to treat obesity. However, the efficacy and safety of TRE for fat loss have not been comprehensively examined and the influences of TRE characteristics on such effects are unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively characterized the efficacy and safety of TRE for fat loss in adults with overweight and obese, and it explored the influence of TRE characteristics on this effect. Methods: A search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to find relevant publications in seven databases. The outcomes were body composition, anthropometric indicators, and blood lipid metrics. Twenty publications (20 studies) with 1288 participants, covering the period from 2020 to 2024, were included. Results: Compared to the control group, TRE safely and significantly reduced body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass, body mass, BMI, and waist circumference (MDpooled = −2.14 cm, 95% CI = −2.88~−1.40, p < 0.001), and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MDpooled = 2.70, 95% CI = 0.17~5.22, p = 0.037), but it did not alter the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (MDpooled = −1.09~1.20 mg/dL, 95% CI −4.31~5.47, p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that TRE only or TRE-caloric restriction with an eating window of 6 to 8 h may be appropriate for losing body fat and overall weight. Conclusions: This work provides moderate to high evidence that TRE is a promising dietary strategy for fat loss. Although it may potentially reduce lean mass and increase LDL, these effects do not pose significant safety concerns. This trial was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42023406329.
Effects of Acute and One-Week Supplementation with Montmorency Tart Cherry Powder on Food-Induced Uremic Response and Markers of Health: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Gonzalez Drew E. , Kendra Jacob A. , Dickerson Broderick L. , Yoo Choongsung , Ko Joungbo , McAngus Kay , Martinez Victoria , Leonard Megan , Johnson Sarah E. , Xing Dante , Sowinski Ryan J. , Rasmussen Christopher J. , Kreider Richard B.
Published: October 2024

Metabolic conditions, such as gout, can result from elevated uric acid (UA) levels. Consuming high-purine meals increases UA levels. Therefore, people with hyperuricemia typically must avoid ingesting such foods. Polyphenols have been shown to reduce uric acid levels and tart cherries (TCs) are a rich source of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds. This proof-of-concept study evaluated whether ingesting TCs with a purine-rich meal affects the uricemic response. Methods: A total of 25 adults (15 males and 10 females, 85.0 ± 17 kg, 40.6 ± 9 years, 29.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2) with elevated fasting UA levels (5.8 ± 1.3 mg/dL) donated a fasting blood sample. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced manner, participants ingested capsules containing 960 mg of a placebo (PLA) or concentrated TC powder containing 20.7 mg of proanthocyanins with a serving of hot soup (10 g of carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 1 g fat) containing 3 g of purines (1 g of adenosine 5′-monophosphate, 1 g of disodium 5′-guanylate, and 1 g of disodium 5′-inosinate). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after ingestion to assess changes in uric acid levels and pharmacokinetic profiles. Cell blood counts, a comprehensive metabolic panel, cytokines, inflammatory markers, and subjective side effects ratings were analyzed on baseline (0 min) and post-treatment (240 min) samples. Participants continued consuming two capsules/day of the assigned treatment for one week and then repeated the experiment. Participants observed a 14-day washout and then repeated the experiment while ingesting the alternate treatment. Data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) statistics with repeated measures, pairwise comparisons, and percentage change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: No statistically significant interaction effects or differences between treatments were seen in uric acid levels or PK profiles. Analysis of percent changes from baseline revealed that TC ingestion reduced the blood glucose levels following the ingestion of the high-purine meal (−4.2% [−7.7, −0.7], p = 0017). Additionally, there was some evidence that TC ingestion attenuated the increase from baseline in IL-1β and IL-10 and increased INF-γ. No significant differences were seen in the remaining health markers or subjective side effects ratings. Conclusions: Acute and one-week TC supplementation did not affect the uricemic response to ingesting a high-purine meal in individuals with mildly elevated UA levels. However, there was some evidence that TC supplementation may blunt the glycemic response to ingesting a meal and influence some inflammatory cytokines. Registered clinical trial NCT04837274.
The Relation between Parameters of Physical Performance and Depression in Consecutive Hospitalized Geriatric Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Kupisz-Urbańska Malgorzata , Religioni Urszula , Niegowska Wiktoria , Szydlik Julia , Czapski Piotr , Sinnadurai Siamala , Januszewska Katarzyna , Sawicka Ada , Drab Agnieszka , Pinkas Jarosław , Jankowski Piotr
Published: October 2024

Background: In the geriatric population, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases is strongly influenced by comorbidities. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) and to assess the relation between physical performance and depression in this population. Methods: We included consecutive hospitalized patients with HF aged >65 years. The depression symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the physical performance was assessed using the grip strength measurements, the Back Scratch Test, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (5 × SST), and the 6 min walk test. Results: We included 206 patients (134 females and 72 males, median age 82 years (77–86) years). Altogether, 33% of participants had signs of depression. The association was found between depression severity and economic status (p = 0.001), stressful events (p = 0.005), self-reported general health status (p = 0.001), and heart failure severity assessed by the New York Heart Association class (NYHA), p = 0.003. The Back Scratch Test, the TUGT, and the 5xSST were associated with depression severity in a univariable regression analysis (β coefficient 0.04 [95% CI 0.00–0.08], 0.20 [95% CI 0.12–0.27], 0.18 [95% CI 0.07–0.27], respectively); however, when adjusted for co-factors, the TUGT and the 5xSST (0.17 [95% CI 0.08–0.26] and 0.14 [95% CI 0.02–0.26], respectively) were significantly related to the GDS score. Grip strength and the 6 min walk test were not related to the GDS score in the univariable nor multivariable analysis. These findings were confirmed in the logistic analyses. Conclusions: Our study indicated a high incidence of depression among elderly hospitalized patients with heart failure. Depression severity in older patients with HF is related to physical performance decline as assessed by the Timed Up and Go Test and the Five Times Sit to Stand Test. Grip strength and the 6 min walk test are not related to the GDS score in this population.
Occurrence of Malnutrition among Seniors in Poland Depending on the Place of Residence: An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Health Risk Factors
Authors: Klisowska Iwona , Felińczak Anna , Jankowska-Polańska Beata
Published: October 2024

The aging population in Poland poses significant socioeconomic and health challenges, particularly regarding malnutrition among seniors. This study examines the impact of place of residence on the nutritional status and related health outcomes of older adults. Data were collected from 338 community-dwelling seniors and those in long-term care facilities. The results indicate that long-term care residents exhibited significantly higher frailty and depression levels and poorer nutritional status, functional fitness, gait, and balance compared to those in communities. Self-reported quality of life did not differ significantly between groups. Regardless of residence, having a family correlated with better nutritional status, quality of life, and functional fitness and lower frailty and depression levels. Malnutrition was significantly associated with reduced functional fitness across all residences, and well-nourished individuals in care facilities had lower functional fitness than those who were at home. Community-dwelling residents had significantly lower frailty levels, with frailty negatively correlating with nutritional status. Normal nutritional status was linked to higher balance and gait scores, indicating a lower fall risk, with the risk further reduced for those living in community settings. Additionally, normal nutritional status correlated with lower depression levels and higher quality of life, with malnourished individuals experiencing better quality of life in community-dwelling settings. These findings underscore the critical role of residence and family support in elderly nutrition and health outcomes.
Association between the Korean Healthy Diet Score and Metabolic Syndrome: Effectiveness and Optimal Cutoff of the Korean Healthy Diet Score
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Joung Hyojee
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased among Koreans, the specific health benefits of the Korean Healthy Diet score remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Korean Healthy Diet score and metabolic syndrome and to identify the optimal cutoff of the Korean Healthy Diet score for reducing metabolic syndrome prevalence. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 11,403 participants of the seventh and eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Korean Healthy Diet score was calculated based on adherence to 13 dietary components. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the Korean Healthy Diet score and metabolic syndrome, as well as to identify the optimal cutoff values for the Korean Healthy Diet score. Results: The average Korean Healthy Diet score was significantly lower in participants with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (5.03 vs. 5.14, p = 0.016). A one-point increase in the Korean Healthy Diet score was associated with a reduction in metabolic syndrome prevalence (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91–0.98). The optimal cutoff for the Korean Healthy Diet score was identified as >7 points, particularly showing significantly decreased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: The Korean Healthy Diet score was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome prevalence, and the identified optimal cutoff values can serve as a practical tool for public health interventions aimed at reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Sexual Function in People with Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Oteri Vittorio , Galeano Francesco , Panebianco Stefania , Piticchio Tommaso , Le Moli Rosario , Frittitta Lucia , Vella Veronica , Baratta Roberto , Gullo Damiano , Frasca Francesco , Tumminia Andrea
Published: October 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, and sexual dysfunction are two conditions that impact a large proportion of the general population. Although they can occur independently, they are frequently linked and significantly affect people’s quality of life. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the importance of diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), in modulating sexual function due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. In this narrative review, we examined the relationship between MS and sexual function in both men and women, with a special emphasis on the MD’s therapeutic efficacy in improving sexual dysfunction. In men, MD has been shown to ameliorate erectile dysfunction, as well as several sperm parameters, perhaps leading to improved fertility. On the other hand, adherence to MD has been demonstrated to partially recover several sexual dysfunctions in women, such as those related to their menstrual cycle, menopause, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. These favorable effects of MD have been demonstrated in both sexes also among people affected by MS. However, more targeted studies are needed to validate these data for different dietary approaches as well.
Evaluation of the Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Comparative Study
Authors: Silva Maria Gabriela F. R. , Luchiari Ana Carolina , Medeiros Isaiane , de Souza Augusto M. , Serquiz Alexandre C. , Martins Fabiane F. , Moura Sérgio A. B. de , Camillo Christina S. , Medeiros Silvia Regina B. de , Pais Tatiana dos S. , Passos Thaís S. , Galeno Denise M. L. , Morais Ana Heloneida de A.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to compare diet-induced obesity (DIO) models in zebrafish and investigate the complications and differences between sexes in biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Methods: Adult animals of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 50) and fed for eight weeks: control group 1: Artemia sp. (15–30 mg/day/fish); control group 2: commercial fish food (3.5% of average weight); obesity group 1: pasteurized egg yolk powder + soybean oil (5% of average weight); obesity group 2: Artemia sp. (60–120 mg/day/fish). Dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, body mass index, biochemical, inflammatory, behavioral, histopathological, and stereological parameters, and inflammation-related gene expression were investigated. Results: Obesity group 1 was the most indicated to investigate changes in the anxious behavioral profile (p < 0.05), triglyceride elevation [52.67 (1.2) mg/dL], adipocyte hypertrophy [67.8 (18.1) µm2; p = 0.0004], and intestinal inflammation. Obesity group 2 was interesting to investigate in terms of weight gain [167 mg; p < 0.0001), changes in fasting glucose [48.33 (4.14) mg/dL; p = 0.003), and inflammatory parameters [IL-6: 4.24 (0.18) pg/mL; p = 0.0015]. Conclusions: Furthermore, both DIO models evaluated in the present study were effective in investigating hepatic steatosis. The data also highlighted that sex influences inflammatory changes and fasting blood glucose levels, which were higher in males (p > 0.05). The results show new metabolic routes to be explored in relation to DIO in zebrafish.
Exploring Nutritional Status and Metabolic Imbalances in Children with FASD: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dylag Katarzyna Anna , Wieczorek-Stawinska Wiktoria , Burkot Katarzyna , Drzewiecki Lukasz , Przybyszewska Katarzyna , Tokarz Aleksandra , Dumnicka Paulina
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition is a significant concern in paediatric populations, particularly among children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This study aimed to examine macronutrient and micronutrient imbalances and assess the nutritional status of a group of patients with FASD. Methods: This study involved an analysis of the serum levels of key nutrients in a group of children diagnosed with FASD. Macronutrients and micronutrients were measured to identify any imbalances, including vitamin D, B12, E, A, albumin, and serum protein, among others. Results: The study found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the patients. Additionally, elevated serum concentrations of micronutrients such as vitamin B12, E, and A were observed in 8%, 7%, and 19% of patients, respectively. Macronutrient imbalances were noted, including high levels of albumin and serum protein, indicating a possible metabolic disturbance. Unexpectedly, high rates of hypercholesterolemia were observed, raising concerns about an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in this population. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the principal issue among patients with FASD is an altered metabolism rather than nutritional deficiencies. Potential causes of these abnormalities could include oxidative stress and changes in body composition. The results underline the need for further research to better understand the unique nutritional challenges in children with FASD and to guide the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Optical Microscopy as a Tool for Assessing Parenteral Nutrition Solution Stability: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Otero-Millán Luis , Bea-Mascato Brais , Legido Soto Jose Luis , Martín de la Cruz María Carmen , Martínez-López-De-Castro Noemi , Lago-Rivero Natividad
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used when enteral feeding is not possible. It is a complex mixture of nutrients that must meet a patient’s needs but can face stability issues, such as lipid emulsion destabilisation and precipitate formation. Stability studies are complex, and the methodologies used are very varied in the literature. In addition, many studies are outdated and use outdated components. This study conducts a stability analysis of PN solutions using optical microscopy. Methods: Samples were prepared according to clinical practice standards and previous studies. We used a counting chamber for optical microscopic observations and different storage conditions (RT, 4 °C 1–14 days). Results: Precipitates larger than 5 µm were found in 8 out of 14 samples after 14 days of storage at room temperature, and none were observed in refrigerated samples. More lipid globules larger than 5 µm were detected in samples stored at room temperature than in those stored in a refrigerator after 14 days. Additionally, the number of large globules generally increased from day 1 to day 14 in most samples. Conclusions: The observed precipitates were probably calcium oxalate crystals, the formation of which is possible in PN but is not expected under the usual storage conditions in a hospital environment. Prolonged storage time and storage at room temperature increases the formation of these precipitates. These findings highlight the importance of using filters during both the preparation and administration of PN to prevent large particles from reaching patients.
Analgesic and Anti-Arthritic Potential of Methanolic Extract and Palmatine Obtained from Annona squamosa Leaves
Authors: Ito Caren Naomi Aguero , Santos Procopio Elisangela dos , Balsalobre Natália de Matos , Machado Lucas Luiz , Silva-Filho Saulo Euclides , Pedroso Taíse Fonseca , Lourenço Caroline Caramano de , Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano , Arena Arielle Cristina , Salvador Marcos José , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Annona squamosa is used in folk medicine to treat pain and arthritis. Palmatine is an alkaloid isolated from several plants, including A. squamosa leaves. The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract of A. squamosa (EMAS) and palmatine. Methods: The chemical profile of EMAS was evaluated by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI/MS). EMAS and palmatine were evaluated in carrageenan-induced pleurisy, zymosan-induced joint inflammation, formalin-induced nociception, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in experimental models in mice. A cytotoxicity test of EMAS and palmatine was performed using a methylthiazolidiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) bromide assay. Results: The analysis of the chemical profile of the extract showed the presence of palmatine, liriodenine, and anonaine. Oral administration of EMAS and palmatine significantly reduced leukocyte migration and oxide nitric production in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. EMAS and palmatine reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, leukocyte migration, and edema formation in the joint inflammation induced by zymosan. In the formalin test, palmatine was effective against the second-phase nociceptive response, mechanical hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia. In addition, palmatine reduced mechanical hyperalgesia induced by TNF. EMAS and palmatine did not demonstrate cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The present study showed that A. squamosa and palmatine are analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, and that the anti-hyperalgesic properties of palmatine may involve the TNF pathway. Palmatine may be one of the compounds responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic and/or anti-arthritic properties of this medicinal plant.
Development of Scaffolds with Chitosan Magnetically Activated with Cobalt Nanoferrite: A Study on Physical-Chemical, Mechanical, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Behavior
Authors: Guedes Danyelle Garcia , Guedes Gabryella Garcia , Silva Jessé de Oliveira da , Silva Adriano Lima da , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Damasceno Bolívar Ponciano Goulart de Lima , Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the development of 3D chitosan-x-cobalt ferrite scaffolds (x = 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) with interconnected porosity for potential biomedical applications. The objective was to evaluate the effects of magnetic particle incorporation on the scaffolds’ structural, mechanical, magnetic, and biological properties, specifically focusing on their biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance. Methods: Scaffolds were synthesized using freeze-drying, while cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were produced via a pilot-scale combustion reaction. The scaffolds were characterized for their physical and chemical properties, including porosity, swelling, and mechanical strength. Hydrophilicity was assessed through contact angle measurements. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using time kill kinetics and agar diffusion assays, and biocompatibility was confirmed through cytotoxicity tests. Results: The incorporation of cobalt ferrite increased magnetic responsiveness, altered porosity profiles, and influenced swelling, biodegradation, and compressive strength, with a maximum value of 87 kPa at 7.5 wt% ferrite content. The scaffolds maintained non-toxicity and demonstrated bactericidal activity. The optimal concentration for achieving a balance between structural integrity and biological performance was found at 7.5 wt% cobalt ferrite. Conclusions: These findings suggest that magnetic chitosan-cobalt ferrite scaffolds possess significant potential for use in biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration and advanced healing therapies. The incorporation of magnetic properties enhances both the structural and biological functionalities, presenting promising opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches in reconstructive procedures.
The Identification of New Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Giuffrida Erika , Platania Chiara Bianca Maria , Lazzara Francesca , Conti Federica , Marcantonio Nicoletta , Drago Filippo , Bucolo Claudio
Published: October 2024

Background: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the neurodegeneration and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to blindness. Current glaucoma interventions reduce intraocular pressure but do not address retinal neurodegeneration. In this effort, to identify new pharmacological targets for glaucoma management, we employed a network pharmacology approach. Methods: We first retrieved transcriptomic data from GEO, an NCBI database, and carried out GEO2R (an interactive web tool aimed at comparing two or more groups of samples in a GEO dataset). The GEO2R statistical analysis aimed at identifying the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and used these as input of STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) app within Cytoscape software, which builds networks of proteins starting from input DEGs. Analyses of centrality metrics using Cytoscape were carried out to identify nodes (genes or proteins) involved in network stability. We also employed the web-server software MIRNET 2.0 to build miRNA–target interaction networks for a re-analysis of the GSE105269 dataset, which reports analyses of microRNA expressions. Results: The pharmacological targets, identified in silico through analyses of the centrality metrics carried out with Cytoscape, were rescored based on correlations with entries in the PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases. When there was no match (82 out of 135 identified central nodes, in 8 analyzed networks), targets were considered “potential innovative” targets for the treatment of glaucoma, after further validation studies. Conclusions: Several druggable targets, such as GPCRs (e.g., 5-hydroxytryptamine 5A (5-HT5A) and adenosine A2B receptors) and enzymes (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase A or monoamine oxidase B), were found to be rescored as “potential innovative” pharmacological targets for glaucoma treatment.