bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading the Davison psalms in manuscript and print
Authors: Swann Joel
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the production, dissemination, and reception of metrical psalms by Francis and Christopher Davison, using a full range of textual witnesses in manuscript and print. Although these metrical psalms have been well known through their transcriptions by the scribe Ralph Crane, the variety and extent of their material texts have not beenrecognised in previous scholarship. By paying attention to their contexts in manuscript and print, the article shows how a ‘book historical’ approach to early modern psalms informs us of many key issues in studies of early modern psalms. The Davison psalms were popular texts that attracted the attention of their readers and disseminators in various ways: initially circulated as devotional texts, they later found a home in far more miscellaneous contexts, where their copyists felt free to intervene and alter the texts as they saw fit. The Davison psalms may still remain minor texts in comparison with the most important early modern psalters, but their textual remains remind of how the period’s ‘psalm culture’ was sustained as much by eager readers as it was by enthusiastic authors.
The Evolving State of Gentrification
Authors: Wyly Elvin
Published: November 2018

Hackworth and Smith’s ‘Changing State of Gentrification’, published in 2001 and focused on New York City, is a definitive landmark. As you read these words, ‘New York City 2001’ might seem distant coordinates in the accelerating time‐space of knowledge production, but it’s not very far when understood in the time horizon of humanity’s urban evolution. Hackworth and Smith’s work helps us rethink today’s theoretical frontiers (especially postcolonial attacks on gentrification theory as a neocolonial imposition on the Global South) as well as long‐forgotten traditions. Ruth Glass’s critique of gentrification in 1964 was already a global, postcolonial challenge to the imperial epistemic violence that consolidated the West – neoliberal doctrines of human competition premised in nineteenth‐century social Darwinism and eugenics. Understanding the changing state of gentrification today requires confronting the planetary politics of urbanised human competition and hijacked theories of human evolution, and deciding what kinds of humans we wish to become.
Voltage–Amplitude Response of Superharmonic Resonance of Second Order of Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Cantilever Resonators
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Botello Martin A. , Reyes Christian A. , Beatriz Julio S.
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the voltage–amplitude response of superharmonic resonance of second order (order two) of alternating current (AC) electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever resonators. The resonators consist of a cantilever parallel to a ground plate and under voltage that produces hard excitations. AC frequency is near one-fourth of the natural frequency of the cantilever. The electrostatic force includes fringe effect. Two kinds of models, namely reduced-order models (ROMs), and boundary value problem (BVP) model, are developed. Methods used to solve these models are (1) method of multiple scales (MMS) for ROM using one mode of vibration, (2) continuation and bifurcation analysis for ROMs with several modes of vibration, (3) numerical integration for ROM with several modes of vibration, and (4) numerical integration for BVP model. The voltage–amplitude response shows a softening effect and three saddle-node bifurcation points. The first two bifurcation points occur at low voltage and amplitudes of 0.2 and 0.56 of the gap. The third bifurcation point occurs at higher voltage, called pull-in voltage, and amplitude of 0.44 of the gap. Pull-in occurs, (1) for voltage larger than the pull-in voltage regardless of the initial amplitude and (2) for voltage values lower than the pull-in voltage and large initial amplitudes. Pull-in does not occur at relatively small voltages and small initial amplitudes. First two bifurcation points vanish as damping increases. All bifurcation points are shifted to lower voltages as fringe increases. Pull-in voltage is not affected by the damping or detuning frequency.
A Double-Layered Artificial Delay-Based Approach for Maneuvering Control of Planar Snake Robots
Authors: Mukherjee Joyjit , Roy Spandan , Kar Indra Narayan , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: November 2018

Uncertainty and disturbance are common in a planar snake robot model due to its structural complexity and variation in system parameters. To achieve efficient head angle and velocity tracking with least computational complexity and unknown uncertainty bounds, a time-delayed control (TDC) scheme has been presented in this paper. A Serpenoid gait function is being tracked by the joint angles utilizing virtual holonomic constraints (VHCs) method. The first layer of TDC has been proposed for stabilizing the VHC dynamics to the origin. Once the VHCs are satisfied, the system is said to be on the constraint manifold. The second layer of TDC has been applied to an output system defined over the reduced order dynamics on the constrained manifold. To establish the robustness of the control approach through simulation, uncertainty in the friction coefficients is considered to be time-varying emulating change in the ground conditions. Simulation results and Lyapunov stability analysis affirm the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the robot employing the proposed approach.
Atomistically Informed and Dislocation-Based Viscoplasticity Model for Multilayer Composite Thin Films
Authors: Damadam Mohsen , Anazi Mohammed , Ayoub Georges , Zbib Hussein
Published: November 2018

Nano-scale multilayer composite thin films are potential candidates for coating applications at harsh environments due to their promising mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, a viscoplasticity continuum model based on the plastic flow potential of metal/ceramic nanolayer composites, obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, is developed to build up a multiscale model bridges atomistic simulation with continuum models for the thin film composites. The model adopts a power law hardening considering confined layer slip (CLS) mechanism and accounts for the evolution of dislocation density based on the statistically stored dislocations and geometrically necessary dislocations. It is then implemented into a finite element code (ls-dyna) to investigate the deformation behavior of nanolayer composites at the macroscale. The deformation behavior of a high strength steel coated with Nb/NbC multilayer is also examined.
An Experimental Investigation of the Surface Pressure Fluctuations for Round Cylinders
Authors: Maryami R. , Azarpeyvand M. , Dehghan A. A. , Afshari A.
Published: November 2018

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the unsteady pressure exerted on the surface of a round cylinder in the subcritical Reynolds number range. Results are presented for the surface pressure fluctuations, spanwise coherence, lateral correlation length, and peripheral coherence. Discussions are provided for the dominance of the first three vortex shedding tones at different regions of the cylinder and the size of the flow structures around the cylinder. The dataset provided have shed new light on the unsteady aerodynamic loading acting on cylinders and provides the impetus for further research on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of bluff bodies.
A Highly Efficient and Adaptable Solar-Energy Harvesting Circuit for Batteryless IoT Devices
Authors: Yang Ching-Cheng , Chao Paul C.-P. , Pandey Rajeev Kumar
Published: November 2018

In this paper a new on-chip 2nd generation solar energy harvesting DC-DC converter has been proposed for a battery-less Internet of Things (IoTs) Devices. The propose circuit is design to maximize the transfer efficiency and stability as well as enough high power supply to the back-end loads. Altogether the proposed circuit consists of a cross-coupled charge pump, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, a timing control circuit and regulator. The range of input voltage is from 0.5V to 3V. Required boosted output voltage is in the range of 1V to 3.3V. The maximum transfer efficiency is more than 60% and the maximum throughout power is 200μW. A gated clock frequency modulation circuit has been designed and employed in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) unit to lock the input resistance of the charge pump. In addition, to provide a stable voltage to the load a low dropout (LDO) regulator circuit is used. The experimental results show that the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 78% at 52μW input power condition.
Low-Power and Reference-Less Data and Clock Recovery Circuit for Visible Light Receivers
Authors: Liu Ming-Cheng , Chao Paul C.-P. , Khiong Soh Sze
Published: November 2018

In this paper a low power all-digital clock and data recovery (ADCDR) with 1Mhz frequency has been proposed. The proposed circuit is designed for optical receiver circuit on the battery-less photovoltaic IoT (Internet of Things) tags. The conventional RF receiver has been replaced by the visible light optical receiver for battery-less IoT tags. With this proposed ADCDR a low voltage, low power consumption & tiny IoT tags can be fabricated. The proposed circuit achieve the maximum bandwidth of 1MHz, which is compatible with the commercial available LED and light sensor. The proposed circuit has been fabricated in TSMC 0.18um 1P6M standard CMOS process. Experimental results show that the power consumption of the optical receiver is approximately 5.58uW with a supply voltage of 1V and the data rate achieves 1Mbit/s. The lock time of the ADCDR is 0.893ms with 3.31ns RMS jitter period.
Playability of the wolf note of bowed string instruments
Authors: Zhang Ailin , Woodhouse Jim
Published: November 2018

Playability is an important aspect of the evaluation of bowed string instruments. The well-known “wolf note” of a cello is a particularly obvious playability issue, and it has been suggested that susceptibility to wolfiness might be deduced directly from a measurement of the Schelleng minimum bow force for the playing of a steady note. This prediction is explored by comparing physical measurements with the experience of players after making controlled mechanical changes to a cello. Experienced luthiers and musicians made subjective judgements of changes in the severity of the wolf note, under blinded conditions. The results strongly suggest a direct and intimate link between the measurable acoustical parameter and perceptual discrimination. This simple acoustical measurement can help instrument makers to identify problem notes, and to assess the effectiveness of different possible interventions.
Hypothesis: a Plastically Produced Phenotype Predicts Host Specialization and Can Precede Subsequent Mutations in Bacteriophage
Authors: Maxwell Colin S.
Published: November 2018

The role of phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of new traits is controversial due to a lack of direct evidence. Phage host range becomes plastic in the presence of restriction-modification (R-M) systems in their hosts.
Metatranscriptomes Reveal That All Three Domains of Life Are Active but Are Dominated by Bacteria in the Fennoscandian Crystalline Granitic Continental Deep Biosphere
Authors: Lopez-Fernandez Margarita , Simone Domenico , Wu Xiaofen , Soler Lucile , Nilsson Emelie , Holmfeldt Karin , Lantz Henrik , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark
Published: November 2018

A newly designed sampling apparatus was used to fix RNA under
in situ
conditions in the deep continental biosphere and benchmarks a strategy for deep biosphere metatranscriptomic sequencing. This apparatus enabled the identification of active community members and the processes they carry out in this extremely oligotrophic environment. This work presents for the first time evidence of eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial activity in two deep subsurface crystalline rock groundwaters from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory with different depths and geochemical characteristics. The findings highlight differences between organic carbon-fed shallow communities and carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-fed old saline waters. In addition, the data reveal a large portion of uncharacterized microorganisms, as well as the important role of candidate phyla in the deep biosphere, but also the disparity in microbial diversity when using standard microbial 16S rRNA gene amplification versus the large unknown portion of the community identified with unbiased metatranscriptomes.
Tenacious Researchers Identify a Weakness in All Ebolaviruses
Authors: DuBois Rebecca M.
Published: November 2018

The
Ebolavirus
genus has at least five members, four of which are known to cause deadly disease in humans. An ideal therapy or a vaccine would protect against all ebolaviruses, but identifying a common weakness in all of them has remained elusive.
Update on the Biology and Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dutcher Janice P
Published: November 2018

Renal cell cancer (RCC) (epithelial carcinoma of the kidney) represents 2%–4% of newly diagnosed adult tumors. Over the past 2 decades, RCC has been better characterized clinically and molecularly. It is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple subtypes, each with characteristic histology, genetics, molecular profiles, and biologic behavior. Tremendous heterogeneity has been identified with many distinct subtypes characterized. There are clinical questions to be addressed at every stage of this disease, and new targets being identified for therapeutic development. The unique characteristics of the clinical presentations of RCC have led to both questions and opportunities for improvement in management. Advances in targeted drug development and understanding of immunologic control of RCC are leading to a number of new clinical trials and regimens for advanced disease, with the goal of achieving long-term disease-free survival, as has been achieved in a proportion of such patients historically. RCC management is a promising area of ongoing clinical investigation.
‘Clients. Outdoors. Animals.’: retaining vets in UK farm animal practice—thematic analysis of free‐text survey responses
Authors: Adam Katherine E , Baillie Sarah , Rushton Jonathan
Published: November 2018

Retaining vets in farm practice has been identified as a key strategy to maintain an adequately trained and experienced workforce to provide animal health services for livestock enterprises and government. This qualitative study aimed to explore vets’ experiences of UK farm animal practice and their perceptions of the factors that influenced their career choices. Thematic analysis of free‐text survey responses from 187 vets working in farm practice and 141 who had given up farm work identified four main themes: affect (experiences of feeling or emotions), personal life, the job and the bigger picture. Those who stayed in farm practice described satisfaction with their career and enjoyment of physical, outdoor work in rural communities. Choosing to give up farm work was influenced by both personal and professional circumstances and related frequently to management issues in practice. Veterinary businesses also face challenges from the broader agricultural and veterinary sectors that affect their ability to support and retain vets. The findings presented build on previous quantitative analysis of factors associated with retention and demonstrate the complexity of individual vets’ career choices.
Glucose-induced changes in the bacterial communities of mine tailings at different acidification stages
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Zhaojun , Dong Xingchen , Wang Dongmei , Qiu Huizhen , Jia Zhongjun , Sun Qingye
Published: November 2018

Ecological restoration technologies applied to tailings can influence the associated bacterial communities. However, it is unknown if the shifts in these bacterial communities are caused by increased organic carbon. Glucose-induced respiration and high-throughput sequencing were used to assess the microbial activity and bacterial communities, respectively. Glucose addition increased the microbial activity, and glucose + ammonium nitrate addition resulted in slightly higher CO2 emission than did glucose addition alone, suggesting that carbon and nitrogen limited microbial community growth. In neutral pH tailings, the bacterial taxa that increased by glucose addition were assigned to the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. However, the bacterial taxa that increased by glucose addition in acidic tailings only belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria (maximum increase of 43.78%). In addition, the abundances of the total nitrogen-fixing genera and of the genus Arthrobacter (representing approximately 97.89% of the total nitrogen-fixing genera) increased by glucose addition in acidic tailings (maximum increase of 46.98%). In contrast, the relative abundances of the total iron- and (or) sulfur-oxidizing bacteria decreased (maximum decrease of 10.41%) in response to the addition of glucose. These findings indicate that the addition of organic carbon is beneficial to the development of bacterial communities in mine tailings.
Study on electrochemical biosensor based on screen-printed electrode
Authors: Zou Quan , Cheng Gong , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2018

It is known that redox reaction can take place among the solutions of potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6]), glucose (C6H[Formula: see text]O6) and glucose oxidase (Glucose Oxidase, GOD). In this work, the method of electrochemical biosensor detection based on screen printed electrode was used to observe the redox reaction among these solutions. The relationship between redox reaction and parameters was studied by examining the effects of concentration and scanning speed of three solutions.
A Practice-Oriented Bifurcation Analysis for Pulse Energy Converters. Part 4: Emergency Forecasting
Authors: Kolokolov Yury , Monovskaya Anna
Published: November 2018

One of the most illustrative examples of promising applications of the practice-oriented bifurcation analysis concerns forecasting. We focus on emergency forecasting for pulse energy conversion systems (PEC-systems). In this case it becomes necessary to integrate regularities from both phase and parametrical spaces and demands on the operating stability and performance, taking into account the critical demand to uninterrupted analytics during steady states and transients. Thus so-called conflict-of-units between the notions used to understand natural evolution (for example, the evolution connected with the operating process) and the notions used to describe desirable artificial regimes (for example, the operating regime) should be resolved. With this purpose, we attract a specific integrating analytics (bifurcation-fractal analytics), the basis of which is provided by modified bifurcation diagrams and fractal regularities. Here the fractal regularities mirror geometrical similarities between shapes of limit cycles and mirror regular dimensional modifications of these shapes with parametrical variation. Modified bifurcation diagrams provide the conciliation of the practicing and scientific notions without distortions and losses of the useful information from parametrical and phase spaces. Then multi-D conflict-free correspondence between causes (degradation of the operating process stability) and effects (changes of the operating regime characteristics) is established, and empirical recommendations on the operating performance can be substituted by clear nonlinear regularities. Fractal methods of real-time forecasting during transients are included in the discussion and their adaptation to the emergency forecasting is proposed. It opens a novel way on how to forecast the operating stability and performance on the common basis of nonlinear regularities which indicate the operating changes towards emergencies. The discussion is illustrated by computer-based and experimental examples. We believe that the results seem to be interesting to researchers in the field of the practice-oriented bifurcation analysis.
On the Entropy Points and Shadowing in Uniform Spaces
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Alireza , Wu Xinxing , Feng Zonghong , Ma Xin , Lu Tianxiu
Published: November 2018

We introduce and study the topological concepts of entropy points, expansivity and shadowing property for dynamical systems on noncompact nonmetrizable spaces, which generalize the relevant concepts for metric spaces. We also obtain various properties on uniform entropy on noncompact nonmetrizable spaces. The main result is a theorem which yields a relation between topological shadowing property and positive uniform entropy.
BIOKINETIC AND DOSIMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF FLUORINE 18 IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS SUBJECTED TO 18F–NaF PET/CT BONE SCANS VIA COMPARTMENTAL/MATLAB MODELS AND IN-VIVO STUDY
Authors: KAO PAN-FU , KUO HSUN-NAN , LIU SHIH-JYUN , YEH DA-MING , PAN LUNG-KWANG
Published: November 2018

Objective: This study quantified the time-dependent concentration of [Formula: see text]F–NaF in critical organs according to a simplified compartmental biokinetic model with clinical verification. Methods: The eleven volunteers were given [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MBq [Formula: see text]F–NaF administration, then scanned (with 15[Formula: see text]min-collection, every 20[Formula: see text]min, for 200 consecutive min) with a Philips Gemini GXL PET/CT. The empirical data were collected and normalized as the input dataset for MATLAB program. A six-compartmental model was created as a set of time-dependent differential equations and analyzed by the MATLAB to optimize the correlation between the in vivo data and calculated results. The six compartments were: body fluid, bone, kidney, liver, remainder and excretion, while kidney and liver compartments were conventionally split into two subunits with different half-lives to fit properly the empirical data. Results: The average biological half-lives of body fluid, bone, kidney-1, kidney-2, liver-1, liver-2 and the remainder (rest of body) were assessed as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min, respectively. A dimensionless AT index of disagreement between the empirical data and MATLAB optimal solutions was proposed of validating the applied acquisition system and analytical method feasibility. The body fluid and bone AT values did not exceed 20%. The proposed refined equation yielded the internal dose from both gamma- and beta-rays ([Formula: see text] cSv as [Formula: see text] cSv/MBq), which exhibited good correlation with literature (0.00168–0.00270 cSv/MBq). Conclusion: The proposed MATLAB-based fitting of in-vivo data with the theoretical results was instrumental for assessing the radiation dose received by the PET/CT bone scan participants.
UPPER EXTREMITY BIOMECHANICS MODELING OF AVERAGE CHINESE DRIVERS AND INJURY RESPONSES TO AIRBAG IMPACT
Authors: SHEN RUIHONG , XIAO LINGYUN , LAN BORAN , CHEN JIQING
Published: November 2018

The upper limb of a vehicle driver is vulnerable to injury in a car collision accident. In order to study the injury mechanism and biomechanical response of the upper limb, a finite element model of upper limbs including upper limb bones, muscles, ligaments and skin was established from CT scan data, and was validated by quasi-static and dynamic three point bending tests to the long bones, as well as airbag and forearm impact tests. Further, the influence of airbag parameters and driver’s postures on the upper limb injury were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the risk of forearm fracture increased with the increase of the forearm radial speed. When the air mass rate of airbag reduced to half of the initial, the forearm distal-end average speed was decreased by 19.1%, and the peak decreased by 9.0% accordingly. When the distance between forearm and the airbag was selected from 0 to 15, 25 and 35[Formula: see text]mm, respectively, the forearm distal-end average speed was decreased by 23.8%, 45.1% and 56.7% accordingly, and the peak decreased by 1.6%, 28.4% and 42.0%, respectively. The simulation result indicates this model has a good bio-fidelity and can accurately reflect the dynamic response of the upper limb and quantitative injury mechanism, enabling the evaluation of vehicle safety restraint system.
Frequencies of Some of the Problems Hampering Optimal Utilisation of e-Resources in Two Nigerian Federal Universities
Authors: Emasealu Helen U. , Umeozor Susan Nnadozie
Published: November 2018

This study was conducted to assess the frequencies of 11 problems hampering the optimal utilisation of e-resources in two Nigerian Federal University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University. A structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. A total of 480 lecturers were involved in the study with 240 per institution, 80 from each of the three faculties per institution and 20 lecturers from each of the four departments per faculty. Frequency counts (often, occasional and never) for each of the 11 problems were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed that all the six faculties studied indicated that frequencies of poor electricity supply and maintenance problem were significantly “often”. Five of the six faculties indicated that the frequencies of lack of internet connectivity and the problem of internet bandwidth to access e-resources were significantly “often”. These were followed by insufficient training of personnel and lack of awareness of the existence of e-resources in which four faculties indicated their frequencies to be significantly “often”. Three of the six faculties showed that the frequencies of frequent power outage, fluctuation in power supply and lack of technical expertise were significantly “often” while for lack of infrastructure (Software/Hardware) and frequent power changeover, two of the six faculties showed their frequencies to be significantly “often”. The higher the frequency of a problem, the more prominent the problem is in hampering e-resources utilisation. It is concluded that optimal utilisation of e-resources in the developing countries is beset with many problems and that the prominence of the problems varies from one to another.
Electrochemistry of zinc tetraarylporphyrins containing fused butano and benzo groups. Effect of solvent and substituents on spectra, potentials and mechanism in nonaqueous media
Authors: Ye Lina , Fang Yuanyuan , Ou Zhongping , Wang Liping , Xue Songlin , Sun Jing , Kadish Karl M.
Published: November 2018

Two series of zinc tetraarylporphyrins containing four [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]′-pyrrole fused butano or benzo groups were synthesized and characterized as to their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. The examined compounds are represented as butano(Ar)4PorZn and benzo(Ar)4PorZn, where Por is the porphyrin dianion and Ar is a [Formula: see text]-CH3Ph, Ph or [Formula: see text]-ClPh substitutent on [Formula: see text]-positions of the macrocycle. Each Zn(II) butano- and benzoporphyrin undergoes two one-electron reductions to give a [Formula: see text]-anion radical and dianion in CH2Cl2. In contrast, three reductions were observed for the benzoporphyrin derivatives in pyridine, the third of which is assigned as electron addition to a benzophlorin anion generated from the doubly reduced benzoporphyrin. Two overlapped one-electron oxidations were observed for the butanoporphyrins in CH2Cl2, a result not previously observed for any other zinc porphyrin. The electrochemically measured HOMO-LUMO gap of the benzoporphyrins ranges from 1.89 to 1.90 V in CH2Cl2 and from 1.93 to 1.95 V in pyridine. Both values are smaller than the gaps of butanoporphyrins at 2.11-2.13 V in CH2Cl2 and 2.07.2.09 V in pyridine.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS AS A FACTOR OF FIRM PERFORMANCE IN INNOVATIVE COMPANIES
Authors: BEREZINETS IRINA , BEREZKIN KIRILL , ILINA YULIA , NAOUMOVA IRINA
Published: November 2018

The emerging markets undergo constant transformations and changes, and thus, a change of strategy can be critical for companies. However, the impact of R&D investment on firm performance and the role of the board of directors that makes decisions about a company’s innovative activities remain inconclusive. This paper investigates the relationship between a board of directors’ composition and structure in innovative companies and firm performance. Using the panel data of innovative Russian public companies that made R&D investments in 2011–2013, we found a positive relationship between the boards’ independence and ROA as an indicator of firm performance. Moreover, it was shown that innovative companies that establish a strategy committee will on average have a higher ROA ratio than innovative companies without such a committee. Innovative firms in emerging markets might consider creating strategic committees and increasing board independence to enhance their performance and increase the number of successful R&D investments.
Toward an Understanding of Trust Repair in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Baker Anthony L. , Phillips Elizabeth K. , Ullman Daniel , Keebler Joseph R.
Published: November 2018

Gone are the days of robots solely operating in isolation, without direct interaction with people. Rather, robots are increasingly being deployed in environments and roles that require complex social interaction with humans. The implementation of human-robot teams continues to increase as technology develops in tandem with the state of human-robot interaction (HRI) research. Trust, a major component of human interaction, is an important facet of HRI. However, the ideas of
trust repair
and
trust violations
are understudied in the HRI literature. Trust repair is the activity of rebuilding trust after one party breaks the trust of another. These trust breaks are referred to as
trust violations
. Just as with humans, trust violations with robots are inevitable; as a result, a clear understanding of the process of HRI trust repair must be developed in order to ensure that a human-robot team can continue to perform well after a trust violation. Previous research on human-automation trust and human-human trust can serve as starting places for exploring trust repair in HRI. Although existing models of human-automation and human-human trust are helpful, they do not account for some of the complexities of building and maintaining trust in unique relationships between humans and robots. The purpose of this article is to provide a foundation for exploring human-robot trust repair by drawing upon prior work in the human-robot, human-automation, and human-human trust literature, concluding with recommendations for advancing this body of work.
Rate Decline Analysis for Horizontal Wells with Multiple Sections
Authors: Qin Jiazheng , Cheng Shiqing , He Youwei , Li Dingyi , Zhang Jia , Feng Dong , Yu Haiyang
Published: November 2018

The widely used application of horizontal well makes it significant to effectively evaluate rate performance of horizontal well in oil and gas reservoir. However, most models in previous work only focus on rate decline analysis (RDA) of horizontal well with single section (HWSS); they hardly address the problem that production rate distributes nonuniformly along horizontal wellbore in analyzing rate transient behaviors. However, only some horizontal segments contribute to the total production rates, and the production of each section along horizontal wellbore is not the same in fact, which may be caused by reservoir heterogeneity, selective completion, and nonuniform formation damage along horizontal wellbore. Therefore, the effect of these phenomena on rate decline characteristics cannot be ignored. The aim of this paper is to propose an analytical model to investigate transient rate response of a horizontal well with multiple sections (HWMS). The compound type curves, including the normalized production curve, the normalized production integral curve, and the production integral derivative curve, are developed to distinguish the different cases. The influences of some sensitive parameters on decline curves are further discussed. Results show obvious differences on the decline curves between the HWMS and HWSS. The parameters are sensitive on decline curves, which explore the feasible application on production performance evaluation and parameters interpretation through history matching the production data with the compound type curves in this paper.
FMonE: A Flexible Monitoring Solution at the Edge
Authors: Brandón Álvaro , Pérez María S. , Montes Jesus , Sanchez Alberto
Published: November 2018

Monitoring has always been a key element on ensuring the performance of complex distributed systems, being a first step to control quality of service, detect anomalies, or make decisions about resource allocation and job scheduling, to name a few. Edge computing is a new type of distributed computing, where data processing is performed by a large number of heterogeneous devices close to the place where the data is generated. Some of the differences between this approach and more traditional architectures, like cloud or high performance computing, are that these devices have low computing power, have unstable connectivity, and are geo‐distributed or even mobile. All of these aforementioned characteristics establish new requirements for monitoring tools, such as customized monitoring workflows or choosing different back‐ends for the metrics, depending on the device hosting them. In this paper, we present a study of the requirements that an edge monitoring tool should meet, based on motivating scenarios drawn from literature. Additionally, we implement these requirements in a monitoring tool named FMonE. This framework allows deploying monitoring workflows that conform to the specific demands of edge computing systems. We evaluate FMonE by simulating a fog environment in the Grid’5000 testbed and we demonstrate that it fulfills the requirements we previously enumerated.
Predictive Value of Two Polymorphisms of ERCC2, rs13181 and rs1799793, in Clinical Outcomes of Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Mengxi , Zhao Yan , Zhao Erjiang , Wang Kunlun , Lu Weiquan , Yuan Ling
Published: November 2018

Background. Several researchers have investigated the relationship between ERCC2 rs13181 and rs1799793 polymorphisms and chemotherapy efficacy in terms of tumour response and prognosis in gastric patients. However, the published data have shown inconsistencies. Methods. PubMed, Elsevier, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant articles published before August 1, 2017. Thirteen studies including 3096 gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were included. Results. For rs1799793, in the overall analyses, no relationships were found between four genetic models and clinical response (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 0.70–1.95; GA vs. GG: OR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.69–1.27; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.12, 95% CI, 0.85–1.46; and AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.81–1.92). In stratified analyses, the results remained negative. We also found no relationship between each of the genetic models and overall survival time in the overall analyses. In the stratified analyses, for Asians, the A carrier genotype might be more closely associated with shorter survival time and higher risk of death for patients than the GG genotype (AA vs. GG: HR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.20–2.6; GA + AA vs. GG: HR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.26–2.09), but the results were negative for Caucasians. No significant relationships were found between the rs13181 polymorphism and OR or OS. Conclusions. This meta-analysis suggested that the ERCC2 rs1799793 polymorphism might be a predictor of prognosis in gastric cancer patients subjected to platinum-based chemotherapy.
The Measurement and Elimination of Mode Splitting: From the Perspective of the Partly Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Liu Bin , Zheng Peng , Dai Qilin , Zhou Zhongli
Published: November 2018

The problems of mode mixing, mode splitting, and pseudocomponents caused by intermittence or white noise signals during empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are difficult to resolve. The partly ensemble EMD (PEEMD) method is introduced first. The PEEMD method can eliminate mode mixing via the permutation entropy (PE) of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, bilateral permutation entropy (BPE) of the IMFs is proposed as a means to detect and eliminate mode splitting by means of the reconstructed signals in the PEEMD. Moreover, known ingredient component signals are comparatively designed to verify that the PEEMD method can effectively detect and progressively address the problem of mode splitting to some degree and generate IMFs with better performance. The microseismic signal is applied to prove, by means of spectral analysis, that this method is effective.
Artificial Neural Networks Based Friction Law for Elastomeric Materials Applied in Finite Element Sliding Contact Simulations
Authors: Serafińska Aleksandra , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael
Published: November 2018

A realistic characterization of the frictional behaviour of materials and mechanical systems is of prime importance for the assessment of their contact interaction properties, especially in the context of undesired temperature rise or intensive wear leading to service life reduction. A characteristic tribological property of elastomeric materials is the dependency of the friction coefficient on the local contact pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature in the contact interface. Thus, the friction coefficient is not constant in the entire contact area but varies according to the magnitudes of the aforementioned three influencing factors. In this contribution, a friction law based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented, which is able to capture the nonlinear dependencies of the friction coefficient on the contact pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature. Due to an extraordinary adaptivity of the ANN structure, these nonlinear relations stemming from experimental data can be modelled properly within the introduced friction law, in contrast to other friction formulations, which are limited by the fitting quality of their parameters. The ANN based friction law is implemented into a contact formulation of the finite element method (FEM). Especially, the linearization of contact contributions to the weak form of momentum balance equation, required for the FEM, is developed taking into account the differentiability of the ANN. The applicability of the developed friction law within the finite element analysis of tires as well as within sliding simulations of rubber elements is presented in this paper.
Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Negros Geothermal Field and Implications for the Development of Fractured Geothermal Systems
Authors: Pastoriza Loraine R. , Holdsworth Robert E. , McCaffrey Kenneth J. W. , Dempsey Edward
Published: November 2018

Fluid flow pathway characterisation is critical to geothermal exploration and exploitation. In fractured geothermal reservoirs, it requires a good understanding of the structural evolution together with the fracture distribution and fluid flow properties. A fieldwork-based approach has been used to evaluate the potential fracture permeability characteristics of a typical high-temperature geothermal reservoir in the Southern Negros Geothermal Field, Philippines. This is a liquid-dominated resource hosted in the andesitic Quaternary Cuernos de Negros Volcano, Negros Island. Fieldwork reveals two main fracture groups based on fault rock characteristics, alteration type, relative age of deformation, and associated thermal manifestation, with the youngest fractures mainly related to the development of the current geothermal system. Fault kinematics, cross-cutting relationships, and palaeostress analysis suggest at least two distinct deformation events under changing stress fields since probably the Pliocene. We propose that this deformation history was influenced by the development of the Cuernos de Negros Volcano and the northward propagation of a major neotectonic structure located to the northwest, the Yupisan Fault. A combined slip and dilation tendency analysis of the mapped faults indicates that NW-SE structures should be particularly promising drilling targets under the inferred current stress regime, consistent with drilling results. However, existing boreholes also suggest that NE–SW structures can act as effective channels for geothermal fluids. Our observations suggest that these features were initiated as the dominant features in the older kinematic system and have then been reactivated at the present day.
Selective Immunomodulation of Inflammatory Pathways in Keratinocytes by the Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitor Tofacitinib: Implications for the Employment of JAK-Targeting Drugs in Psoriasis
Authors: Morelli Martina , Scarponi Claudia , Mercurio Laura , Facchiano Francesco , Pallotta Sabatino , Madonna Stefania , Girolomoni Giampiero , Albanesi Cristina
Published: November 2018

IFN-γ and IL-22 are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as they boost the expression of inflammatory genes and alter proliferative and differentiative programs in keratinocytes. The JAK1/JAK2/STAT1 and JAK1/TYK2/STAT3 pathways triggered by IFN-γ and IL-22, respectively, are aberrantly activated in psoriasis, as highlighted by the peculiar STAT1 and STAT3 signatures in psoriatic skin lesions. To limit the detrimental consequences of IFN-γ and IL-22 excessive stimulation, psoriatic keratinocytes activate suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3, which in turn dampen molecular signaling by inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2. Thus, JAK targeting appears to be a reasonable strategy to treat psoriasis. Tofacitinib is an inhibitor of JAK proteins, which, similarly to SOCS, impedes JAK phosphorylation. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of tofacitinib on epidermal keratinocytes in in vitro and in vivo models of psoriasis. We demonstrated the selectivity of tofacitinib inhibitory action on IFN-γ and IL-22, but not on TNF-γ or IL-17 proinflammatory signaling, with suppressed expression of IFN-γ-dependent inflammatory genes, and restoration of normal proliferative and differentiative programs altered by IL-22 in psoriatic keratinocyte cultures. Tofacitinib also potently reduced the psoriasiform phenotype in the imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis. Finally, we found that tofacitinib mimics SOCS1 or SOCS3 activities, as it impaired the same molecular pathways in IFN-γ or IL-22-activated keratinocytes.
Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Thailand
Authors: Kitti Thawatchai , Seng Rathanin , Saiprom Natnaree , Thummeepak Rapee , Chantratita Narisara , Boonlao Chalermchai , Sitthisak Sutthirat
Published: November 2018

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are now recognized as a major cause of infectious diseases, particularly in hospitals. Molecular epidemiology is important for prevention and control of infection, but little information is available regarding staphylococcal infections in Northern Thailand. In the present study, we examined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes, and SCCmectypes of methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) isolated from patients in a hospital in Northern Thailand. The species of MRSA and MR-CoNS were identified using combination methods, including PCR, MALDI-TOF-MS, andtufgene sequencing. The susceptibility pattern of all isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmectypes, and ST239 were characterized using single and multiplex PCR. ST239 was predominant in MRSA isolates (10/23). All MR-CoNS (N=31) were identified asS. haemolyticus(N=18),S. epidermidis(N=3),S. cohnii(N=3),S. capitis(N=6), andS. hominis(N=1). More than 70% of MRSA and MR-CoNS were resistant to cefoxitin, penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. In MRSA isolates, the prevalence ofermA (78.3%) andermB (73.9%) genes was high compared to that of theermC gene (4.3%). In contrast,ermC (87.1%) andqacA/B genes (70.9%) were predominant in MR-CoNS isolates. SCCmectype III was the dominant type of MRSA (13/23), whereas SCCmectype II was more present inS. haemolyticus(10/18). Ten MRSA isolates with SCCmectype III were ST239, which is the common type of MRSA in Asia. This finding provides useful information for a preventive health strategy directed against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.
Factors Associated with the Caregivers’ Desire to Institutionalize Persons with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vandepitte Sophie , Putman Koen , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Verhaeghe Sofie , Mormont Eric , Van Wilder Lisa , De Smedt Delphine , Annemans Lieven
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Dementia is one of the main reasons for institutionalization among the elderly. Few studies have explored factors associated with the caregivers’ (CG) desire to institutionalize (DTI) a person with dementia (PWD). The objective of this study is to identify modifiable and non-modifiable psychosocial and sociodemographic factors associated with a caregiver’s DTI. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 355 informal CG of community-dwelling PWD were analyzed. Several characteristics were identified in CG and PWD to be included in a multivariable regression model based on the purposeful selection method. Results: Positively modifiable associated factors were: higher CG burden, being affected by behavioral problems, and respite care use. Positively associated non-modifiable factors were: CG older age, being professionally active, and CG higher educational level. Cohabitation and change of professional situation were negatively associated. Conclusion: Although no causality can be assumed, several practical recommendations can be suggested. First of all, these results reconfirm the importance of multicomponent strategies, especially support aimed at decreasing burden and in learning coping strategies. Also, CG might benefit from information about support options, such as respite care services. Finally, special attention should be given to older and working CG. In the latter, flexible and adaptive working conditions might alleviate burden and therefore reduce the DTI of the PWD.