bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video “The Muharram Celebration” sebagai Media Pengenalan Kebudayaan Islam pada Siswa SD
Authors: Putri Rifa Asyifa Cahya , Karochmah Dina Nur , Nurrohmah Siti , Aeni Ani Nur
Published: May 2022

Sebagian umat islam terutama siswa kelas 3 di Sekolah Dasar lebih mengetahui nama-nama bulan masehi dibandingkan nama-nama bulan hijriah, sejarah dan peristiwa yang ada di dalamnya, hal tersebut menjadikan alasan penyusun tertarik untuk membuat sebuah produk yang mengenalkan siswa terhadap kebudayaan dalam perspektif islam.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui design yang menarik bagi siswa pada sebuah video animasi dengan judul Video “The Muharram Celebration” sebagai Media Pengenalan Budaya Islam pada Siswa SD.  Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengedukasi dan memotivasi siswa agar lebih mengetahui nama-nama bulan hijriah, sejarah, dan peristiwa yang terjadi khususnya pada bulan muharram.  Penelitian ini menggunakan model Design and Development (D&D).  Data hasil angket keseluruhan tingkat pencapaiannya 94% validasi oleh guru dengan kualifikasi sangat baik dan 95,5% validasi oleh siswa kualifikasi sangat baik.  Mengenai proses pembuatan video “The Muharram Celebration” ini dimulai dari  merancang desain video, pengembangan skrip video, merekam audio untuk isi materi, menambahkan animasi, proses pembuatan video hingga selesai.  Dengan adanya video animasi yang bermanfaat ini dapat mengenalkan kebudayaan dalam perspektif islam pada siswa kelas 3 Sekolah Dasar, dan akan lebih paham mengenai bulan hijriah serta tidak lagi merayakan tahun baru masehi.
Pemanfaatan Ripod Sebagai Sumber Informasi Masyarakat Mengenai Pandangan Ekonomi Islam Terhadap Pinjol
Authors: Artati Diana Prasti , Suherman Virra Septiani , Mulya Nugraha Bunga Fatmawati , Aeni Ani Nur
Published: May 2022

Pinjaman online dalam beberapa tahun ini semakin marak di tengah maraknya dunia teknologi dalam kehidupan masrakat sehingga penyebarannya semakin meluas dan menyentuh masyarakat yang tergiur dengan pinjaman cepat tanpa mengetahui resiko besar setelahnya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi Pemanfaatan RiPod (Ruang Informasi Podcast) Sebagai Sumber Informasi Masyarakat Mengenai Pandangan Ekonomi Islam Terhadap Pinjol. Model yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Design and Development (D&D) atau dalam bahasa Indonesia dikenal dengan desain dan pengembangan. Dalam proses pengambilan data digunakan metode kuisioner melalui google formulir. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 33 orang berdasar pada data yang diperoleh dari respon ahli yakni dosen, mahasiswa, dan masyarakat umum. Penggunaan Metode kualitatif yang lebih menekankan pada pengamatan fenomena dan lebih meneliti pada subtansi makna dari fenomena yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan RiPod sebagai sumber informasi memiliki efektivitas sebesar 90% untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan baru serta memiliki daya tarik lebih karena akses yang mudah dijangkau oleh siapapun, kapanpun, dan dimanapun. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap upaya mengedukasi masyarakat terkait pinjaman online di masyarakat yang semakin marak.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF UG STUDENTS TOWARDS FAILURE OF AMALGAM RESTORATION & IT'S PREVENTION
Authors: Mazumder Saikat , Choudhary Roopam , H B Swetha , V Vasundhara , I.B Geeta
Published: May 2022

Aims and objective - This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Undergraduate
students towards failure of class I and class II amalgam restoration in permanent molars and the method
used for its prevention.
Methodology - An online survey was conducted among 128 Undergraduate students (2nd year, 3rd year, 4th year and interns) of
the institute Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, using a 14-point Questionnaire, statistical analysis, descriptive
statistics and inferential statistics (Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test). The level of signicance (P-value) was set at P< 0.05.
Conclusion - Longevity of any restoration depends upon several factors and as we know that amalgam as a restorative material
has been used in dentistry for about more than 150 years now and it is still being used because of its low cost, strength &
longevity. But certain factors have proven to be the reason for failure of amalgam restoration. For a long time, people have been
using different preventive measures to eradicate these reasons and to increase the life of amalgam restoration. This study
concludes about the most common signs and reasons seen and known by the current learning and practising Undergraduate
students for failure of amalgam restoration.
CORRELATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND DYSLIPIDEMIA WITH OBESITY IN INFERTILE FEMALES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mishra Ankita , Gupta Poonam , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Chaurasia Amrita
Published: May 2022

Aims: To study the prevalence of infertility in obese or overweight females and its association with
Dyslipidemia and Diabetes mellitus.
Materials And Methods: The study was performed on 160 infertile women between age 18-45 years who attended Obstetrics
and Gynaecology OPD and Medicine OPD in Swaroop Rani Hospital, Prayagraj.The duration of study was from December
2019 to March 2021.Patients were divided into lean/normal weight females and obese/overweight females based on BMI.
Results: Out of total 200 patients 40 were excluded and remaining 160 were divided in two groups,
Group 1: lean or normal weight infertile women(N1 =63) and
Group 2: obese /overweight infertile women(N2= 97)
Mean age of controls and cases were found to be comparable(31.54±2.82 vs 31.22±2.97 years) with p =0.50. Mean BMI of
control group was found to be 20.23±1.39 kg/m2 as compared to cases with mean BMI 27.77±2.86 kg/m2 which was
signicantly higher with p=<.001. Mean W:H ratio in cases and controls was found to be 0.83±0.05 and o.74±0.04 respectively
with p-value= <0.001. Mean A1C levels in cases was signicantly higher than in the control group (5.91±0.91% vs 4.61±0.58%)
with p=<.001. Mean S, Triglycerides levels in cases was signicantly higher than in the control group. (160.4±96.9 vs
110.2±15.8) with p=<.001. Mean S.Cholesterol levels in cases was signicantly higher than in the control group. (165.1±41.06
vs 100±22.1) with p=<.001. Mean S.VLDL levels in cases was signicantly higher than in the control group (43.9±18.94 vs
54.9±14.07) with p=<.001.Mean S.LDL levels in cases was signicantly higher than in the control group (64.16±22.4 vs
54.33±16.17) with p=<.002. Mean S.HDL levels in control was higher than in the case group. (78.65±6.86 vs 40.77±12.83) with
p=<.001.
Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in infertile females at a tertiary care centre was 60.62 %. Positive association of obesity
was found with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus(A1C -5.91±0.91% vs 4.61±0.58% with p=<.001)in obese females. Most
of the females were in the range of impaired glucose tolerance phase which could be reversed by dietary modication and
early intervention
TO PROGNOSTICATE THE OUTCOME IN PATIENT WITH PERFORATION PERITONITIS BY EVALUATING MANNHEIM PERITONITIS INDEX & APACHE-II SCORING SYSTEM
Authors: Kumar Sonker Santosh , Nirala S.L. , Kumar Dhruv Bimlesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Peritonitis presents most commonly due to the localized or generalized infection. Studies
have reported APACHE II to be a better system for prognostication of the outcome of patients with
peritonitis, while others concluded that MPI provides a more reliable means of risk evaluation. The present study is conducted
with the objective to nd out efcacy of MPI in comparison to APACHE II to prognosticate the outcome in patients with
perforation peritonitis.
Material and methods: This was a prospective hospital based analytical study conducted in department of surgery at Dr.
BRAM Hospital, Raipur of Pt. JNMCH Raipur. Total 100 patients with peritonitis fullls the inclusion criteria was included in the
study. Both scoring system is applied for the individual patient at admission or within 24 hours. Data was analysed using SPSS
version 20.0. Descriptive statistics; frequency, percentage statistical signicance and p value were calculated.
Results: The mean age of study subjects was 43.89±15.75 years. Of that (84%) were males. The chief complaint was abdominal
pain and not passing atus. The primary outcome shows that one third was died during treatment and rests were discharged.
The mean APACHE-II and MPI score among death cases was 14.7 and 25.2. APACHE-II score has sensitivity of 83% and
specicity of 94% whereas MPI score has sensitivity of 51% and specicity of 77%.
Conclusion: Though MPI did not prove to be as good as APACHE II in this study, there is denitely benet in using the MPI
scores in primary and secondary level hospitals where facilities are less and investigations such as blood gas may not be
available. They can be used to ascertain a certain extent of the patient's present condition and the prognosis
APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA – A CASE SERIES OF VARIED PRESENTATIONS
Authors: S Khade Asha , N Pradhan Shekhar , Y Bhoi Umesh , P Gaurkar Sudarshan , Borah Liza
Published: May 2022

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) belongs to a heterogeneous group of disorder, characterised by localised
absence of skin and in some cases subcutaneous tissues, involving multiple possible body locations. The
most common site is the scalp (70%), however any skin site can be affected including the trunk and the extremities .
Herein we report a series of 4 cases of aplasia cutis congenita with varied cutaneous manifestations ranging from absence of
epidermis to deeper defects extending upto the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Our rst case presented to us with congenital
absence of skin with ulceration and eschar formation of extremities, buttocks and bullae formation over hands and lower back.
Clinicopathological diagnosis was made to be aplasia cutis congenita associated with epidermolysis bullosa (Bart’s
syndrome). The second case presented with a single, well dened, rhomboid shaped deep ulceration with overlying eschar
formation over the vertex extending upto the right parietal region of scalp, diagnosed to be a case of Type 2 Aplasia cutis
congenita - Adams-Oliver syndrome. Our third case was a supercial variant of aplasia cutis congenita with linear ,
erythematous, blanchable atrophied parchment like scar on the back, without any underlying bony deformity. The last was a
sporadic case of bitemporal aplasia cutis congenita with thinning of skin over bilateral temporal areas with overlying
telangiectasia.
A SUCCINCT REVIEW ARTICLE ON “NIPAH VIRUS INFECTION (NIV)”
Authors: M S Balaji , H C Chandrashekar , C D Keshavamurthy , R Ramya , Maiti Dipankar
Published: May 2022

WHO has identied NIPAH as one of the deadliest disease can cause epidemic situation in future after the
Ebola epidemic for crucial research and expansion before and during an epidemic toward new
diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines. Nipah virus scientic name is Nipah henipavirus, is a bat-borne virus sourced Nipah
virus infection in humans and some other animals, having exceedingly mortality rate. The symptoms start to appear within 5-14
days from the day of exposure to the virus. Preliminary symptoms are fever, headache, and drowsiness, shadowed by
disorientation and mental confusion. Nipah virus (NiV) infection can be diagnosed during illness & also recoverable disease.
NiV infection can be diagnosed by using different tests. All assumed cases of Nipah virus infection to be isolated. While some
evidence supports the use of ribavirin, it has not yet been studied in people with the disease. Specic antibodies also very
helpful in an animal model with probable benet. Favipiravir, acyclovir, and remdesivir have been evaluated as potential
antivirals against Nipah virus.
A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING ABOUT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CYBERBULLYING AND IT’S PREVENTION AMONG ADOLESCENCE IN SELECTED COLLEGES.
Authors: B. Zod Mayuri , Mene Sonali , Warghane Shivani
Published: May 2022

Aims: - To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching about knowledge regarding cyberbullying and it's prevention among adolescence in selected colleges. Material and Methods: - Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. Quantitative research approach with pre- experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The data collected during the month of February 2021 among adolescence. Total 100 samples were selected by using sample calculation formula. After obtaining consent from the subject demographic data, structured questionnaire for knowledge was administered and data were collected. Result:- The comparison between the mean of pre-test and post-test for knowledge showed that the mean of differences was 10.28, the calculated 't' value was 19.98. It showed that there was a signicant improvement in the knowledge of adolescence regarding Cyberbullying and it's prevention. Conclusion:- The analysis of the study revealed that there was a signicant improvement in the level of knowledge of adolescence. The planned teaching proved to be effective in improving the knowledge of adolescence in selected colleges.
A NOTE ON COW MILK DATA USING RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN
Authors: Sasikumar R.
Published: May 2022

In a completely randomized design, the experimental material should be homogeneous. Usually, the
experimental materials are not so homogeneous in nature, particularly in agricultural eld experiments.
In such a situation, the principle of local control is adopted and the experimental material is grouped into homogeneous subgroups. In this paper, cow milk data are used and applied four different types of treatments. The yield of a cow is analyzed and
interpreted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results are explored, tabulated and interpreted
PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF DRUGS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sabapathi Lakshmi , Majula Shifani . M Maria Infant , Santhiyya. E Maria Jose , K Nithyanandham.
Published: May 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious public health concern in the twenty-rst century, and its incidence, morbidity, and death rates have posed a challenge to the healthcare system. Cigarette smoking and occupational exposure are the two main causes of COPD. So, in this retrospective study, an attempt was made to compare the present prescribing pattern in a tertiary care facility in Nagapattinam to WHO prescribing indicators to check if the prescription pattern followed WHO standards. Materials And Methods: During the six months from April to September 2021, a retrospective study was conducted using case les from 80 subjects in the department of General Medicine. The following socio-demographic data, social history, comorbid conditions, route of administration, smoking history, and distribution of prescribed COPD treatments were collected. The age Results: group of 61–70 years had the highest proportion of patients (37.5%), followed by 51–60 years (23.7%), 71–80 years (16.25%), 41–50 years (11%), and 31–40 years (10%), and the age group of 20–30 years had the lowest rate (1.20%). In a study of 80 subjects prescription, smoking history was found in 66.25 % of men and 2.5% of women. Comorbidities affect 71.25% of people, while the percentage of people who do not have comorbidities is 28.7%. A total of 619 medicines were prescribed in the 80 prescriptions. Bronchodilators (36.1%) were the most commonly given classes of medications, followed by antibiotics (25.8%), corticosteroids (18.7%). Leukotriene antagonists were the least commonly prescribed medication class (0.80%). Utilizing the WH Conclusion: O's core prescribing indicators for this COPD patients will strengthen the current hospital prescribing policies Clinical Pharmacists as drug therapy managers can play an excellent role in optimizing the drug therapy regimens supporting other health care professionals.
Root canal anatomy and morphology of permanent maxillary Lateral Incisors in an Iranian population
Authors: Kuzekanani Maryam , Parvazeh Saadollah
Published: May 2022

A meticulous knowledge of the root canal anatomy and morphology of the teeth is imperative to achieve successful root canal and also many other dental and surgical treatments on them. The purpose of this study was to study the root canal anatomy and morphology of permanent maxillary Lateral incisors in Kerman. 100 extracted intact permanent maxillary Lateral incisor teeth were collected from different dental clinics in Kerman. The anatomic and morphologic characteristics of the selected samples such as the number of roots, the apical root curve direction and the length of the teeth were determined by macroscopic evaluation and length assessment of each sample. After staining, decalcification and clearing of each tooth the existence and location of additional and lateral canals was also carefully explored by using magnifying tools. All maxillary Lateral incisors had just one root and one root canal and the average length for this tooth was 22.5 mms in this study. The curvature of the roots in 67% of the samples was distally, in 5%; bucally, in 2%; palatally and in 3%; mesially. 23% of the teeth had straight roots and root canals. Also, 29% of the teeth had lateral canals that in 89% of the cases were located in the apical thirds, in 11%; in the middle and in none of the cases in the coronal thirds. As a conclusion lateral canals and curved apex which are thorough challenges in dentistry are prevalent in maxillary lateral incisors among this south eastern Iranian population.
Determination of type of asymmetry in hand dimensions and its relationship with body mass index
Authors: Adamu Lawan , Ibrahim Halima , Mohammed Issa , Dauda Ibrahim , Umar Kabiru , Abubakar Musa , Asuku Abdullahi , Taura Magaji
Published: May 2022

Several documented evidences have indicated high influence of diseases on developmental instability measurable by asymmetry, there is however scarcity of reports on the type of asymmetry in hand and limited attempts to determine its relationship with body mass index (BMI) especially among Hausa population. The study was aimed to determine type(s) of asymmetry in hand dimensions and its relationship with BMI from selected tertiary institution in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The study was cross sectional type which involved a total of 398 students (204 males and 194 females). The hand dimensions (digits length, palmer length and hand breadth) were measured using standard protocol. Body mass index was calculated from the measured height and weight. Asymmetry was determined as right-hand dimension minus left hand dimension (A = R-L). One sample t test was used to determine the type of asymmetry in hand dimensions. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the correlation between the asymmetry and BMI. The results of the study showed that digit length, hand breadth and palmar length exhibited directional asymmetry (DA). The degree of the DA was more expressed in index digit followed by middle digit and the least was the ring digit. The nature of DA in the hand dimensions was left warded except for the hand breadth which was observed to be right warded. There was no significant correlation observed between asymmetry in hand dimensions with BMI. In conclusion, there were no significant correlations between hand asymmetry and BMI among the studied Hausa population and hand dimensions exhibited directional type of asymmetry, as such may not be used as a surrogate indicator of developmental instability.
Variations in the arteries of the upper limb - a clinical apropos
Authors: Kore Smitha Elizabeth , Vishwakarma Nitin
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Blood supply to the arm and forearm is conveyed by the brachial artery and its branches, the radial and the ulnar artery. Variations in these arteries are being increasingly reported in many studies. Most of these variations observed are mostly in the course and branching pattern of these arteries and have been accounted to be due to developmental defect, from varied causes. 

Materials and Methods: In the present study dissection was done on fifty seven upper limb specimens obtained from the college of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oman. Variations observed in the origin and course of the arteries in the arm and forearm, were noted and later photographed.

Results:  Out of the fifty seven upper limb specimens studied variations were noted in four limbs. In one limb there was a superficial branch originating from the brachial artery, that later divided into superficial radial and ulnar arteries. In two limbs the brachial artery was superficial to the median nerve, in one of them the brachial artery coursing superficial to the median nerve had a tortuous course. Superficial course of ulnar artery in the forearm was noted in another limb.

Conclusion: Surgical procedures are being increasingly done on the upper limb arteries, these procedures are either diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, such as arteriography, flap harvesting, creating arteriovenous fistulas etc. Knowledge of the variations in the upper limb arteries is essential before any surgical intervention is planned in the upper limb arteries in order to prevent unnecessary complications.
Lower limb posture and joint mobility in young Soccer players
Authors: Francia Piergiorgio , Ferri Marini Carlo , Toni Sonia , Lucertini Francesco , Federici Ario , Iannone Giulia , Paternostro Ferdinando , Piccini Barbara
Published: May 2022

Soccer practice can induce marked changes in the lower limbs with dreaded short and long term consequences. We evaluated the possible effects of sport practice on lower limb posture and their relationships with ankle joint mobility (AJM). In 61 male Soccer players mean age 11.6±1.8 years, and in 50 Volleyball and Basketball players matched for age, sex and body mass index, lower limb posture and AJM in both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were evaluated on the sagittal plane in supine position using, respectively, images analysis and an inclinometer. A multivariate analysis of variance was carried out to assess if the practice of different sports affects the leg posture (FP: angle between foot and leg) and foot posture (LP: angle between the foot and the line perpendicular to the ground). The sport practiced showed a significant multivariate effect on the lower limb posture. Soccer players showed a greater LP angle (169.2±4.3° vs 164.9±4.5°; p<0.001) and a lesser FP angle in both Basketball and Volleyball players (298.0±12.6° vs 305.6±10.9°; p<0.002). These differences were not present between the Basketball and Volleyball players. Soccer players showed a reduced AJM (127.6±15.7° vs. 138.8±21.6°; p<0.002) compared to the other subjects evaluated. The AJM was found directly correlated to the FP angle (p<0.005). The results of this study indicate that young Soccer players could show an altered posture of the leg and foot and a reduced AJM. The alterations of these parameters seem to be a consequence of the sport practice.
The teaching of anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dadá Mahomed Sidique Abdul , Dadá Abdul Habib Mahomed
Published: May 2022

A COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of Mozambican schools. The government urged educational institutions to start the distance learning process during this period of sudden and unprecedented interruption. In Mozambique, 7.993.520 students at all levels were affected, with 213.9309 from higher education. This work aims to describe a teaching experience in anatomy at a private university in Mozambique.
Apresentação/Presentation
Authors: Revista de Letras
Published: May 2022

Apresentação/Presentation
Edward Cooper as Curator of the Civil Rules
Authors: Hazard Goeffrey
Published: May 2022

Ed Cooper has had a salient role in maintaining the Rules Committee process as a highly competent and stable element of lawmaking in this country. He is a consummate master of civil procedure and acutely understands the constitutional and political milieu in which the Rules process functions. Along with other similarly competent and observant Reporters, including the senior serving Reporter, Dan Coquillette, he has helped keep the Rules process and product as evenhanded as can be expected in our complicated legal system.
Is Now the Time for Simplified Rules of Civil Procedure
Authors: Niemeyer Paul
Published: May 2022

Unfortunately, any objective evaluation of current federal civil process will inevitably lead to the conclusion that the process is functioning inadequately in its purpose of discharging justice speedily and inexpensively. One need only ask any trial lawyer whether he can try a medium-sized commercial dispute to judgment in a federal court in less than three years and at a cost of less than six figures. Is the iconic appellation of "making a federal case out of a dispute" not the ultimate condemnation of current judicial process in federal courts? Can we understand the private bar's flight from federal courts to arbitrations, mediations, and other methods of alternative dispute resolution as anything but the bar's vote against the process provided by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure? We rightly fear the answers to these questions, which we see in our own observations and in the available empirical evidence. And because we do, I submit, the time has come for a systematic review of civil process with a genuine openness to undertaking a serious and determined effort to simplify the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. When I was Chairman of the Civil Rules Advisory Committee, Professor Edward H. Cooper, the Committee's Reporter, and I initiated just such an undertaking. My tenure as Chairman, however, which had already been extended, ended in 2000, before we made much progress in this endeavor. Professor Cooper nonetheless preserved the beginnings of our effort in his essay, Simplified Rules of Federal Procedure?.4 It is now time, I suggest, to revisit these beginnings and draw upon Professor Cooper's experience and leadership to resurrect this important and necessary effort.
Past the Pillars of Hercules: Francis Bacon and the Science of Rulemaking
Authors: Coquillette Daniel
Published: May 2022

The parallels between Bacon's career and that of Edward H. Cooper are, of course, obvious. Bacon was one of the great legal minds of his day. Unlike the common-law judges who formed the law by deciding cases, Bacon expressed his greatness in writing brilliant juristic treatises and, as Lord Chancellor, drafting one of the first modern rule systems, the Ordinances in Chancery (1617-1620). Indeed, my thesis is that Bacon invented modern, scientific rulemaking by fusing his new theories of inductive, empirical research with the traditions of equitable pleading and is, in fact, the intellectual forbearer of the likes of Charles Clark, Benjamin Kaplan, and Edward Cooper. My intention is to establish this thesis by examining Bacon's Ordinances and his seminal A Proposition to His Majesty Touching the Compiling and Amendment of the Laws of England (1616). These show Bacon's great debt to Roman jurisprudence and Renaissance critical thinking but also show the unique contribution Bacon has made to modern progressive jurisprudence. This is particularly true as to the forming of law by prospective rules, rather than retroactive case law, and the testing and amendment of such rules in light of Bacon's revolutionary theories of inductive scientific reasoning and empirical observation. Bacon's innovations earned him contempt and ferocious critical opposition, both during his life and up to the present day. I will conclude by noting three particular sources of this opposition that remain relevant to scientific, progressive rulemaking. As Mark Twain was thought to have said, "History doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes."
Thinking, Big and Small
Authors: Burbank Stephen
Published: May 2022

Reading Kahneman's book and thinking about a tribute to Ed Cooper that has more substance than a bouquet have caused me to reflect on a phenomenon within the world of legal scholarship. I would call it a cognate phenomenon, but that would dishonor the empirical basis of Kahneman's work by suggesting a firmer basis for my reflections than the power of analogical reasoning. The phenomenon is the view that the goal of legal scholarship is or should be big ideas, particularly if they can claim the mantle of theory, rather than small ideas, particularly if they can be tarred with the feathers of doctrine. My reflections about this phenomenon and the work and career of Ed Cooper led me to the title of this essay.
The Twelve-Person Federal Civil Jury in Exile
Authors: Rowe Thomas
Published: May 2022

In the mid-1990s, the Advisory Committee on Civil Rules, with Fifth Circuit Judge Patrick Higginbotham as Chair and our honoree, Professor Ed Cooper, in the early years of his long service as Reporter, unanimously (coincidentally, by a 12-0 vote) proposed an amendment to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 48 that would have required the seating of twelve-member juries in federal civil trials. The requirement of a unanimous verdict, unless waived by the parties, and the abolition of alternate jurors would have been unaffected; attrition could reduce a jury's size below twelve members, with a floor of six unless the parties consented to a verdict rendered by a smaller jury. The Standing Committee approved the final proposal by a wide margin, but the Judicial Conference rejected the change. As a member of the Advisory Committee at the time I was strongly persuaded that the amendment had merit and continue to feel that way, but must admit that the chances of a renewed proposal being adopted seem virtually nil no matter its merit. This brief account is, then, a lament rather than a call to action.
Model-Based Pricing in Hurricane Insurance: A Case Study for Judicial Reform of the McCarran-Freguson Act
Authors: Able Benjamin
Published: May 2022

The McCarran-Ferguson Act (MFA) exempts various aspects of state insurance operations from federal antitrust enforcement. This exemption is a source of longstanding controversy, due in part to its potentially harmful effect on consumers in product pricing. In hurricane insurance, there is a burgeoning debate concerning insurers' use of predictive computer models rather than shared loss data to set premiums for the industry. By using these models in hurricane-prone states, insurers have increased the price of hurricane insurance dramatically. Where these new prediction methods are used, MFA exemption may facilitate supracompetitive pricing in ways its architects could not have foreseen. This Note analyzes MFA's economic effects on model-based pricing in hurricane insurance to argue for judicial revision of the Act. Through an effects test, it proposes conditioning eligibility for antitrust exemption on the economic benefits of a challenged activity exceeding its costs.
Taxing the Platypygous
Authors: White James
Published: May 2022

This Article maintains that obesity in the United States is an enormous public health issue that causes the health care costs of the obese Americans greatly to exceed those of citizens of normal weight. Recognizing that that much of that cost will be born by publicly financed programs and that the taxes supporting those programs will constitute an externality that the fat impose on the thin, the Article proposes a tax on high calorie food-but only when that food is purchased by the obese. The Article addresses many of the administrative, moral and other objections to a tax aimed at a segment of our society identified by its excessive weight.
Class Action Litigation after Dukes: In Search of a Remedy for Gender Discrimination in Employment
Authors: Schipani Cindy , Dworkin Terry
Published: May 2022

In this Article we argue for substantial reforms to our system of combating workplace gender discrimination in light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes. To help counter discrimination victims' decreasing access to the courts, our proposals call for a narrow construction of the holding of Dukes. At the same time, agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) can better use their regulatory authority to address gender discrimination. Further, regulatory agencies, arbitrators, and courts can mandate mentoring programs to assist employees in overcoming the effects of discrimination and provide a potential pathway for career success.
An Experiment in Law Reform: Amchem Products v. Windsor
Authors: Hanlon Patrick
Published: May 2022

The Supreme Court's 1997 decision in Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor struck down the most ambitious settlement class action ever attempted. The settlement was, however, the logical outgrowth of the federal judiciary's efforts in the early 1990s to resolve a "disaster" of "critical proportions." Many factors, not least the Supreme Court's decision in Amchem, turned the tide against this trend. Ironically, however, the post-Amchem world has come to look a lot like Amchem. The settlement's central feature-deferral of unimpaired claims to assure the availability of resources to compensate the sick-was subsequently incorporated (either by statute or through judicial decision) into the law of most states with heavy asbestos caseloads. Similarly, the bankruptcy of nearly all of the defendants whose cases would have been settled created a series of administrative claims-processing regimes similar to the Amchem settlement. This Article suggests that the Amchem settlement should be understood as a triumph of judicial statesmanship, and the reaction that took place in the late 1990s had tragic consequences. It also surveys what lessons we might learn from the Amchem experiment as we think about facilitating resolution of other mass torts in the future.
To Skin a Cat: Qui Tam Actions as a State Legislative Response to Concepcion
Authors: Alexander Janet
Published: May 2022

The Supreme Court's decision in Concepcion is widely regarded as heralding the demise of small-claims class actions whenever contracts of adhesion are involved in the transaction-which means for virtually all consumer and employment claims. Amending the Federal Arbitration Act to overturn Concepcion would be a relatively simple exercise in legislative drafting, but in the current political climate such efforts are unlikely to succeed. Thus far, proposed federal corrective legislation has failed to pass, and federal agency regulation of class waivers has been lacking. State legislatures might have the political ability to pass corrective legislation, but virtually all state limitations on class waivers in mandatory arbitration clauses are foreclosed by federal preemption under Concepcion. This Article proposes an alternative approach that could be taken at the state level: statutory qui tam actions to enforce civil penalties for violations of state consumer protection and employment laws. A qui tam action is a representative action brought on behalf of the state, to enforce the state's claim for civil penalties, rather than a class action to recover compensation for individual injuries. The penalties are owed to the state, with a share of the recovery payable to the plaintiff as an incentive to private enforcement. The action is for the public benefit, for the law enforcement purpose of ensuring compliance with state law, rather than for private benefit. Thus, the rationale 0f Concepcion simply does not apply to such actions. Indeed, allowing private parties to contract away the state legislature's chosen means of enforcing claims that belong to the state would seriously impair the state's ability to execute core governmental functions. It would be an intrusion into state sovereignty that should give pause to neo-federalists such as the majority in Concepcion. California's Private Attorneys General Act (PA GA), which provides a mechanism for private enforcement of civil penalties for violation of the state labor code, is an example of how a state might use the qui tam model to hold defendants accountable for mass harms without being vulnerable to FAA preemption under Concepcion. After describing the operation of PAGA and how courts have interpreted it, I propose some simple adjustments that would increase the likelihood that courts would find Concepcion inapplicable to a PAGA-style qui tam statute. Qui tam actions are not a perfect substitute for class actions, because they can provide only limited compensation to victims. But they may partially fill the deterrence gap that Concepcion is widely expected to create.
Walking the Class Action Maze: Toward a More Functional Rule 23
Authors: Bone Robert
Published: May 2022

Over roughly the past fifteen years, the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have limited access to class actions. Many of the more restrictive decisions-such as Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor, Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp., and Wal- Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes-are based on interpretations of Rule 23 and thus fall within the power of the Advisory Committee and rulemaking process to modify. This Article proposes revisions to Rule 23 designed to deal with some of these decisions and to make the class action a more pragmatic and functional device. It focuses on two areas: (1) the constraints imposed by fairness to absentees and due process, and (2) the problem of strategic abuse associated with frivolous and weak class action filings. Responding in large part to concerns about fairness, due process, and legitimacy, the Supreme Court has adopted a vague class "cohesion" requirement (Amchem), an interpretive principle tethering the class action to outdated precedent (Ortiz), and a strong indivisibility condition for (b)(2) certification (Wal-Mart). The problem is that none of these limitations is based on a clear understanding of what fairness to absentees requires or how the individual day-in-court right can be reconciled with representative litigation. As a result, the Court's decisions are poorly reasoned and its restrictions inadequately justified. The Advisory Committee should do what it can to correct these deficiencies, and this Article suggests a promising approach. Furthermore, in response to concerns about the strategic filing of frivolous and weak class action suits, federal judges have tightened the standard of proof for certification. But they have done so without general agreement on the normative stakes, and the result is a collection of inconsistent and relatively vague standards. The Advisory Committee should clarify the law in this area by specifying a standard of proof in the text of Rule 23 This Article suggests a useful framework for doing so. Finally, the Article briefly discusses some potential obstacles to Committee action, including the advisability of overruling recent Supreme Court decisions, potential constitutional problems, Rules Enabling Act constraints, transsubstantivity objections, and the ever-present risk of political controversy.
Uji Efektivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Dan Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Pada Tikus Jantan Putih Sebagai Hewan Percobaan
Authors: Syafitri Anggun
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels which can be treated with traditional treatments derived from plants. One of the example is a plant that can reduce blood glucose levels are bitter melon and rosella which contain flavonoids to reduce blood glucose by increasing cell sensitivity to insulin and stimulating insulin release in pancreatic β cells. The objective of the research is to determine the effect of the combination of bitter melon extract and rosella petal extract in reducing blood glucose levels compared to glibenclamide. The method of the research is an experimental study used 21 rats induced by alloxan and divided into 7 groups. Extraction using maceration method with 80% ethanol. From the results of the study, each treatment group experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels. From the 7 treatment groups, the best reduction in blood glucose levels were the third combination group. Among the three combination groups, the combination dose of 225 mg/kgBB of bitter melon and 195 mg/kgBB of rosella flower petals was the best compared to glibenclamide in reducing blood glucose levels. The conclusion of the research is combination of bitter melon extract and rosella flower petals have an effect that are more effective in reducing blood glucose levels compared to glibenclamide and their single extract.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH CINA (peperomia pellucida) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Sari Rika Puspita
Published: May 2022

Chinese betel leaf (Peperomiapellucida) is one among the wild herbaceous plants belonging to the Piperaceae family which is employed as a natural medicine. The study's goal was to determine the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of Chinese betel leaf ointment against Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the optimal concentration. The test of the study was administered by the diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the characterization examination of Chinese betel leaf simplicia powder obtained water soluble extract content of 64.58%, ethanol soluble extract content of 24.95%, total ash content of three 3.2%, 5.9 % water of content and 0.28% acid insoluble ash content of and Simplisia contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Staphylococcus aureus obtained a degree of 8% with a diameter of 16.81, the diameter of the inhibition zone of the Chinese betel leaf ethanol extract against. The ethanol extract of Chinese betel leaf exhibits antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus, according to the findings of the study.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Chinese betel leaf Staphylococcus aureus
PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA (MCC) dari BATANG PISANG MAS (Musa acuminata colla) dengan AVICEL PH 102 SEBAGAI PEMBANDING TAHUN 2019
Authors: Erdiwan Erdiwan
Published: May 2022

Commercial cellulose microcrystalline known as Avicel PH 102, which is a tablet filling material Avicel PH 102 which is expensive and uses a lot of it, it is necessary to look for other alternative sources of producing microcrystalline cellulose. The Waste of banana stem contains water content of 80-90%, cellulose 63-64%, hemicellulose 20%, and lignin 5% and contains 11-12% other constituens so that it can be the basic material for making MCC. This study aimed to isolate α-cellulose from banana mas stems and characterize microcrystalline cellulose with Avicel PH 102. The method of this study was an experimental. Microcrystalline banana stem cellulose is obtained by heating banana stem powder with 4% NaOH which serves to dissolve lignin, then bleached with 2.5% NaOCl, 17.5%  NaOH heated to dissolve β-cellulose and γ-cellulose, and heated with HCL 2 N . The results are hydrolyzed with α-cellulose and then hydrolyzed with 2.5N HCl to give microcrystalline cellulose, which is characterized and compared to Avicel PH102. The result of characterization of banana mas stem microcrystalline cellulose and Avicel PH 102 which were obtained respectively is organoleptic tests of coarse powder, white, doesn’t have any smells; pH 6.6 and 6.5; solubility of substances in water 0.023 and 0.023%; total ash content are 0.17 and 0.12%; decrease of drying 5.47 and 5.28%; real density 0.337 and 0.404 g / cm3; true type weight 1.43 and 1.43 g / cm3; incompressible density 0.478 and 0.480 g / cm3; compressibility index 41.77 and 18.85%; Hausner index 1.41 and 1.18; porosity; 76.43 and 93.640%. Based on the results of the study concluded that microcrystalline cellulose can be made from banana mas stems and has the same characteristics as Avicel PH 102.
THE EFFECT OF FACEBOOK ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA
Authors: Ali Abdi Mohamed
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Facebook on the academic achievement of university students in Mogadishu. The study’s objectives were to investigate the effects of Facebook usage, self-regulation, and time spent on Facebook on university students’ academic performance. To investigate the relationship between variables, a correlation research design was used. Data were collected from 204 students in the faculty of education at the University of Somalia (UNISO) using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants were chosen through a stratified sampling technique. The quantitative data gathered was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Pearson product-moment coefficient results indicated that a significant positive correlation existed between Facebook usage and academic achievement (r =.85 n = 204, p<.05), a positive statistically significant relationship between self-regulation and academic achievement (r = .559, n = 204, p < .05), and a significant positive relationship also existed between time spent on Facebook and academic achievement (r = .858, n = 204, p < .05). It was concluded that Facebook usage, self-regulation, and time spent on Facebook have a strong positive correlation with the students’ academic achievement. It was recommended the establishment of a national policy on Facebook to regulate students’ usage in educational institutions such as universities by cutting off internet services from students’ smartphones during study time to learn appropriately.
KEYWORDS: Academic performance, Facebook, self-regulation, and social networking
ACOLHIMENTO E PERTENCIMENTO ESTUDANTIL NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO
Authors: Dias Karoline Silva , Braz Ferreira Gontijo Simone , Matias Juliana Parente
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa relativa à percepção dos estudantes do 1º ano do ensino médio integrado em Segurança do Trabalho quanto ao acolhimento e ao sentimento de pertencimento à instituição. Destacamos o sentimento de pertencimento como um elemento fundamental para a permanência dos jovens na escola. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso. Foi aplicado um questionário como forma de dar voz aos estudantes, uma vez que as aulas presenciais estavam suspensas em função da pandemia do Covid-19. Também foi realizada a análise do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso buscando identificar competências socioemocionais no campo curricular. Os resultados apontam que a instituição iniciou um trabalho de acolhimento dos estudantes, descontinuado no modelo presencial em função da suspensão das aulas. O trabalho é reconhecido pelos estudantes que se sentiram bem recebidos. Porém, não foi suficiente para gerar um sentimento de pertencimento que, em si, precisa de mais tempo de convívio para ser fomentado. Indica-se a necessidade de observar o desempenho dos estudantes garantindo suas aprendizagens, uma vez que nem todos encontram na família ou em redes de convivência o apoio adequado para enfrentar os desafios do ensino remoto, o que, em si, pode gerar abandono do curso.