bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Position Which My Gayness Itself Leads Me to Take”: Sexual-Minority Antiabortion Activists
Authors: BLOOM ISOBEL
Published: January 2025

Since the 1990s, the Pro-Life Alliance of Gays and Lesbians (PLAGAL) has positioned sexual minorities and fetuses as alike in struggle. The lesbian, gay, and bisexual members of this relatively small organization argued that tolerance and inclusivity of their positionality were strategically beneficial to both the gay rights and antiabortion movements. Ultimately, PLAGAL failed to convince many of the “legitimacy” of their campaigns, and was repeatedly expelled from both right-to-life rallies and Pride marches. This notwithstanding, PLAGAL organizing reveals much about (the limits of) identity politics and the relationship of different social and political movements in this turbulent decade.
Shallow Water Ice Detection From SHARAD Data in Central Utopia Planitia, Mars
Authors: Xu Xiaoting , Xu Yi , Han Zhuo , Wong HonKuan , Meng Xu , Zhao Yu‐Yan Sara , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Jin Shuanggen
Published: January 2025

One of the key scientific goals of China's first Mars mission Tianwen‐1 is to search for ground ice. This study focuses on investigating potential water ice reservoirs in the vicinity of the landing site of the Zhurong rover to provide geological context and references for data interpretation. Our study area is centered on Utopia Planitia (UP), where Shallow Radar onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (SHARAD) previously detected subsurface echoes that could be interpreted as ice deposits. Based on the SHARAD data, we have estimated the thickness, dielectric properties, and possible material composition of the surface deposition layer. The inferred water ice volume content ranges from approximately 55%–85%, which is consistent with deposits found on the western edge of UP. Based on morphological features and radar data products, we interpret the detected sediment layer as the latitude‐dependent mantle (LDM). We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the distribution and morphology of various periglacial landforms, including Decameter‐scale Rimmed Depressions (DRDs), polygonal landforms, and scalloped depressions on the surface of UP. The implications for the level of degradation are discussed. The radar results provide evidence that DRDs have formed as a result of the degradation of the LDM layer. Additionally, our statistical analysis of concentric crater humps (CCH) linked to subsurface pure glacial ice suggests the possible presence of an icy layer that may be as thick as a kilometer beneath the LDM unit.
Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Xian , Chai Yan , Zhang Jianning , Deng Quanjun , Chen Xin
Published: January 2025

The understanding of neuroimmune function has evolved from concepts of immune privilege and protection to a new stage of immune interaction. The discovery of skull meninges channels (SMCs) has opened new avenues for understanding central nervous system (CNS) immunity. Here, we characterize skull bone marrow and SMCs by detailing the anatomical structures adjacent to the skull, the differences between skull and peripheral bone marrow, mainstream animal processing methods, and the role of skull bone marrow in monitoring various CNS diseases. Additionally, we highlight several unresolved issues based on current research findings, aiming to guide future research directions.
Unidirectional chiral scattering from single enantiomeric plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Xie Yuanyang , Krasavin Alexey V. , Roth Diane J. , Zayats Anatoly V.
Published: January 2025

Controlling scattering and routing of chiral light at the nanoscale is important for optical information processing and imaging, quantum technologies as well as optical manipulation. Here, we introduce a concept of rotating chiral dipoles in order to achieve unidirectional chiral scattering. Implementing this concept by engineering multipole excitations in helicoidal plasmonic nanoparticles, we experimentally demonstrate enantio-sensitive and highly-directional forward scattering of circularly polarised light. The intensity of this highly-directional scattering is defined by the mutual relation between the handedness of the incident light and the chirality of the structure. The concept of rotating chiral dipoles offers numerous opportunities for engineering scattering from chiral nanostructures and optical nano-antennas paving the way for innovative designs and applications of chiral light-matter interactions.
Plant interactions associated with a directional shift in the richness range size relationship during the Glacial-Holocene transition in the Arctic
Authors: Liu Ying , Lisovski Simeon , Courtin Jérémy , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: January 2025

A nearly ubiquitous negative relationship between taxonomic richness and mean range-size (average area of taxa) is observed across space. However, the complexity of the mechanism limits its applicability for conservation or range prediction. We explore whether the relationship holds over time, and whether plant speciation, environmental heterogeneity, or plant interactions are major factors of the relationship within northeast Siberia and Alaska. By analysing sedimentary ancient DNA from seven lakes, we reconstruct plant richness, biotic environmental heterogeneity, and mean range-size over the last 30,000 years. We find positive richness to range-size relationships during the glacial period, shifting to negative during the interglacial period. Our results indicate neither speciation nor environmental heterogeneity is the principal driver. Network analyses show more positive interactions during the glacial period, which may contribute to positive richness to range-size relationships. Conversely, in the interglacial environment, negative interactions may result in negative relationships. Our findings suggest potential susceptibility to invasion but conservation advantages in far northern tundra given their positive interactions.
Neural circuits underlying context-dependent competition between defensive actions in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Lehman Maxime , Barré Chloé , Hasan Md Amit , Flament Benjamin , Autran Sandra , Dhiman Neena , Soba Peter , Masson Jean-Baptiste , Jovanic Tihana
Published: January 2025

To ensure their survival, animals must be able to respond adaptively to threats within their environment. However, the precise neural circuit mechanisms that underlie flexible defensive behaviors remain poorly understood. Using neuronal manipulations, machine learning-based behavioral detection, electron microscopy (EM) connectomics and calcium imaging in Drosophila larvae, we map second-order interneurons that are differentially involved in the competition between defensive actions in response to competing aversive cues. We find that mechanosensory stimulation inhibits escape behaviors in favor of startle behaviors by influencing the activity of escape-promoting second-order interneurons. Stronger activation of those neurons inhibits startle-like behaviors. This suggests that competition between startle and escape behaviors occurs at the level of second-order interneurons. Finally, we identify a pair of descending neurons that promote startle behaviors and could modulate the escape sequence. Taken together, these results characterize the pathways involved in startle and escape competition, which is modulated by the sensory context.
3D N-heterocyclic covalent organic frameworks for urea photosynthesis from NH3 and CO2
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Jiale , Xie Xiangdong , Wang Kang , Qi Dongdong , Liu Jiang , Lan Ya-Qian , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: January 2025

Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH3 and CO2 seems to remain still essentially unexplored. Herein, three isomorphic three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with twofold interpenetrated ffc topology are functionalized by benzene, pyrazine, and tetrazine active moieties, respectively. A series of experiment results disclose the gradually enhanced conductivity, light-harvesting capacity, photogenerated carrier separation efficiency, and co-adsorption capacity towards NH3 and CO2 in the order of benzene-, pyrazine-, and tetrazine-containing framework. This in turn endows tetrazine-containing framework with superior photocatalytic activity towards urea production from NH3 and CO2 with the yield of 523 μmol g−1 h−1, 40 and 4 times higher than that for benzene- and pyrazine-containing framework, respectively, indicating the heterocyclic N microenvironment-dependent catalytic performance for these three photocatalysts. This is further confirmed by in-situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations. This work lays a way towards sustainable photosynthesis of urea.
Convergent evolution of oxidized sugar metabolism in commensal and pathogenic microbes in the inflamed gut
Authors: Levy Sophia , Jiang Angela K. , Grant Maggie R. , Arp Gabriela , Minabou Ndjite Glory , Jiang Xiaofang , Hall Brantley
Published: January 2025

Inflammation-associated perturbations of the gut microbiome are well characterized, but poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that disparate taxa recapitulate the metabolism of the oxidized sugars glucarate and galactarate, utilizing enzymatically divergent, yet functionally equivalent, gud/gar pathways. The divergent pathway in commensals includes a putative 5-KDG aldolase (GudL) and an uncharacterized ABC transporter (GarABC) that recapitulate the function of their non-homologous counterparts in pathogens. A systematic bioinformatic search for the gud/gar pathway in gut microbes identified 887 species putatively capable of metabolizing oxidized sugars. Previous studies showed that inflammation-derived nitrate, formed by nitric oxide reacting with superoxide, promotes pathogen growth. Our findings reveal a parallel phenomenon: oxidized sugars, also produced from reactions with nitric oxide, serve as alternative carbon sources for commensal microbes. Previously considered a pathogen virulence factor, oxidized sugar metabolism is also present in specific commensals and may contribute to their increased relative abundance in gastrointestinal inflammation.
OCT-based diagnosis of glaucoma and glaucoma stages using explainable machine learning
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Phu Jack , Wang Henrietta , Sowmya Arcot , Kalloniatis Michael , Meijering Erik
Published: January 2025

Glaucoma poses a growing health challenge projected to escalate in the coming decades. However, current automated diagnostic approaches on Glaucoma diagnosis solely rely on black-box deep learning models, lacking explainability and trustworthiness. To address the issue, this study uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to develop an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tool for diagnosing and staging glaucoma, with a focus on its clinical applicability. A total of 334 normal and 268 glaucomatous eyes (86 early, 72 moderate, 110 advanced) were included, signal processing theory was employed, and model interpretability was rigorously evaluated. Leveraging SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-based global feature ranking and partial dependency analysis (PDA) estimated decision boundary cut-offs on machine learning (ML) models, a novel algorithm was developed to implement an XAI tool. Using the selected features, ML models produce an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00) respectively on differentiating early, moderate and advanced glaucoma patients. Overall, machine outperformed clinicians in the early stage and overall glaucoma diagnosis with 10.4 –11.2% higher accuracy. The developed user-friendly XAI software tool shows potential as a valuable tool for eye care practitioners, offering transparent and interpretable insights to improve decision-making.
Working capacity level defines the specific impairment profile of the comprehensive ICF core set for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Valadkevičienė Daiva , Žukauskaitė Irena , Bileviciute-Ljungar Indre , Kizlaitienė Rasa , Jatužis Dalius , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaitė
Published: January 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) unfavorably affects working capacity. The Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for MS (cICF-MS), issued by the World Health Organization, has not yet been extended to evaluate working capacity level (WCL). To evaluate the relative importance of cICF-MS categories in relation to WCL. Persons with MS (PwMS), N = 129, who had been referred to Lithuania’s Disability and Working Capacity Assessment Office for WCL determination, were divided into three groups according to the percentage of remaining WCL (WCL1 had 0–25%, WCL2 had 30–40%, and WCL3 had 45–55%). Data regarding the cICF-MS categories were collected through telephone interviews and patient documentation. Using the fractional ranking method, the mean values of cICF-MS impairment were ranked from the most severely affected to the least affected (rank 1–93). Ranks with the 10 highest mean values of impairment severity in each WCL group were included in a descriptive analysis. In the WCL1 and WCL2 groups, the most-affected cICF-MS categories reflected disability related to gait and motor function. The WCL3 group presented with pain, fatigue, and impairments to visual acuity, psychic stability, urination, and memory. This study has identified specific cICF-MS impairment profiles based on remaining WCL.
The effect of air pollution exposure on foetal growth restriction in pregnant women who conceived by in vitro fertilisation a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Yanqiong , Liu Pengfei , Zeng Meihong , Zhuang Guiying , Qiu Cuiqing , Wang Liyun , Liu Weiling , Liu Weiqi
Published: January 2025

Studies investigating the relationship between exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy and foetal growth restriction (FGR) in women who conceive by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are lacking. The objective was to investigate the effect of air pollutant exposure in pregnancy on FGR in pregnant women who conceive by IVF. We included pregnant women who conceived by IVF and delivered healthy singleton babies in Guangzhou from October 2018 to September 2023. We also collected data on air pollutant concentrations in Guangzhou during the same period. We analysed the impact of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on FGR. After adjusting for confounders, our analysis showed that in the first trimester, high concentrations of PM10 and NO2 in the fourth quartile significantly increased the risk of FGR. Specifically, the odds ratios were 6.430 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.035–39.96) for PM10 and 10.73 (95% CI: 1.230–93.48) for NO2. In the second trimester, exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was associated with an increased risk of FGR. In addition, subgroup analyses showed that exposure to NO2 during pregnancy increased the risk of FGR in women aged 35 years and older. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in pregnant women who conceive by IVF is associated with the occurrence of FGR.
Dual modality feature fused neural network integrating binding site information for drug target affinity prediction
Authors: He Haohuai , Chen Guanxing , Tang Zhenchao , Chen Calvin Yu-Chian
Published: January 2025

Accurately predicting binding affinities between drugs and targets is crucial for drug discovery but remains challenging due to the complexity of modeling interactions between small drug and large targets. This study proposes DMFF-DTA, a dual-modality neural network model integrates sequence and graph structure information from drugs and proteins for drug-target affinity prediction. The model introduces a binding site-focused graph construction approach to extract binding information, enabling more balanced and efficient modeling of drug-target interactions. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate DMFF-DTA outperforms state-of-the-art methods with significant improvements. The model exhibits excellent generalization capabilities on completely unseen drugs and targets, achieving an improvement of over 8% compared to existing methods. Model interpretability analysis validates the biological relevance of the model. A case study in pancreatic cancer drug repurposing demonstrates its practical utility. This work provides an interpretable, robust approach to integrate multi-view drug and protein features for advancing computational drug discovery.
A multiplex point-of-care test for discriminatory inference of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow detection
Authors: Estrela Paulo Felipe Neves , Cesarino Giovanna Correa , Ferreira Leonardo Matos , Dias Ana Isabel , Resende Paola Cristina , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Duarte Gabriela Rodrigues Mendes
Published: January 2025

This study presents a multiplex RT-LAMP-LFA assay as an approach to infer SARS-CoV-2 lineages. This method may help enhance surveillance of variants of concern, especially in resource-limited settings.
Synthesis of highly fluorescent helical quinolizinium salts by a Rh-catalyzed cyclotrimerization/C–H activation sequence
Authors: Cadart Timothée , Feriancová Lucia , Henke Petr , Gyepes Robert , Císařová Ivana , Kalíková Květa , Kotora Martin
Published: January 2025

A series of [7]helical quinolizinium salts were prepared by using Rh-catalyzed cyclotrimerization and C–H activation processes. The prepared compounds exhibit high fluorescence in solution and in the solid phase in the orange-red light region.
Effect of Cs and Ba promoters on Ni/graphite catalysts for CO2 conversion via the reverse water gas shift reaction
Authors: Moral-Pombo J. , Conesa-Alonso J. M. , Campos-Castellanos E. , García-Bordejé E. , Guerrero-Ruiz A. , Rodríguez-Ramos I.
Published: January 2025

Cs promotion of graphite Ni catalysts boosts the selective conversion of CO2 to CO, while Ba promotes the methanation process.
Benchmarking study of deep generative models for inverse polymer design
Authors: Yue Tianle , Tao Lei , Varshney Vikas , Li Ying
Published: January 2025

This benchmark study evaluates deep learning-based molecular generative models on various polymer datasets. Selected models were further refined with reinforcement learning to generate hypothetical heat-resistant polymers.
Interfacially-localized high-concentration electrolytes for high-performance rechargeable aqueous lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shen Guohong , Kondou Shinji , Wada Gakuto , Nakagaki Hiroki , Watanabe Masayoshi , Dokko Kaoru , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: January 2025

Interfacially-localized high-concentration electrolytes were developed using an anionic surfactant and a magnesium(ii) salt to achieve selective Li ion transport, high electrochemical stability and superior SEI formation in aqueous electrolytes.
Enhanced electrical performance of perovskite solar cells via strain engineering
Authors: Cheng Siyang , Yang Yuanhang , Zhu Xueliang , Li Yahui , Li Hao , Xiong Wenqi , Zheng Zhuo , Li Sheng , Liu Yong , Liu Xiaoze , Lin Qianqian , Yuan Shengjun , Shi Enzheng , Wang Zhiping
Published: January 2025

Strain heterogeneity in perovskite films impacts the energy landscape, affecting charge transport. Incorporating 2TI molecules modifies strain distribution, enhancing charge transport and achieving 25.96% efficiency with enhanced stability.
Elucidating lithium-ion diffusion kinetics in cation-disordered rocksalt cathodes
Authors: Kang Byungwook , Park Jonghun , Kim Byunghoon , Park Sung-O , Yoo Jaekyun , Yu Seungju , Kim Hyuk-Joon , Song Jun-Hyuk , Kang Kisuk
Published: January 2025

Dependency of lithium diffusion kinetics on the site energy variations in DRX. In DRX, lithium ions occupying larger-volume octahedral sites exhibit more unstable site energies. This instability serves as an activation barrier.
Exploiting thiolate/disulfide redox couples toward large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release
Authors: Li Xiaoxin , Deng Chao , Chen Rong , Li Xu , Xie Furong , Wu Zinan , Xie Yu , Wang Song , Weng Guo-Ming
Published: January 2025

This work investigates a series of highly soluble thiolate/disulfide redox couples for large-scale electrochemical CO2 capture and release.
Catalyst–electrolyte interface engineering propels progress in acidic CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Jiang Yunling , Huang Linsen , Chen Chaojie , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: January 2025

The acidic CO2RR is an alternative to the alkaline/neutral CO2RR, mitigating carbonate formation and carbon crossover. This review covers its history, evaluation, advances and challenges, focusing on catalyst–electrolyte interface engineering.
The effects of formation modes of ferrihydrite-low molecular weight organic matter composites on the adsorption of Cd(ii)
Authors: Nie Xin , Bi Erping , Qiu Shiyun
Published: January 2025

The interactions between iron oxides and organic matter (OM) play vital roles in the geochemical cycle of cadmium (Cd).
Red wine consumption activates the erythropoietin–erythroferrone–hepcidin erythropoietic pathway in both apparently healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nazlić Jurica , Gujinović Diana , Mudnić Ivana , Boban Zvonimir , Dželalija Ana Marija , Tandara Leida , Gugo Katarina , Radman Maja , Kovačić Vedran , Boban Mladen
Published: January 2025

Red wine consumption is associated with reduced expression of hepcidin as the result of activation of the erythropoietin–erythroferrone–hepcidin erythropoietic pathway.
: a selection tool for asymmetric reflections of spherically bent crystal analyzers for high resolution X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Abramson Jared E. , Chen Yeu , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: January 2025

is an open-source program to select asymmetric geometries of spherically bent crystal analyzers for X-ray spectroscopy, thus achieving improved energy resolution and operational flexibility.
Layered ion dynamics and enhanced energy storage: VS2/MXene heterostructure anodes revolutionizing Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ganesan Mahendiraprabu , Lee Jin Yong
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) material-based anodes are pivotal for advancing next-generation ion batteries, showing remarkable ion loading capacity and mobility.
Gamma-induced one-step synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles with enhanced properties
Authors: Abou Zeid Souad , Hu Liran , Ghasemi Rasta , Gervais Matthieu , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur , Siril Prem Felix , Remita Samy
Published: January 2025

Development of a one-pot radiolytic method for synthesizing rGO–Ag nanocomposites, achieving remarkable specific capacitance and paving the way for advanced energy storage applications.
Modification of acidic groups over zeolites via calcination for the selective catalytic transformation of 2,3-butanediol in ethylene glycol
Authors: Ai Shuo , Gao Kaili , Huang Zhenhua , Liu Linghui , Yu Wanguo
Published: January 2025

Biomass and bio-derived chemicals can be transformed into ethylene glycol (EG) via catalytic hydrogenation, but a small amount of 2,3-butanediol (23BDO) is generated.
Invitation to submit to ‘Colloidal interactions, dynamics and rheology’ collection in Soft Matter Physical Science of the Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide – Water System: 1. Equilibrium Phase Behaviour
Authors: Reissig Louisa , Pyckhout-Hintzen Wim , Dalgleish Simon , Mount Andrew R , Cates Mike , Fairhurst David John , Egelhaaf Stefan
Published: January 2025

Surfactant molecules in solvents self-assemble into a large variety of structures depending on their chemical composition, concentration and temperature, summarized in the system’s equilibrium phase diagram. However, the occurrence of...
Exploring structural and electronic properties of transition metal carbides (T = Ti, V, Mo, & W) as efficient catalysts for overall water splitting with the DFT study
Authors: Sharma Tata Sanjay Kanna , Jana Jayasmita , Babu Beena Mol , Ghanem Mohamed A. , Bhamu K. C. , Reddy K. S. S. V. Prasad , Hwa Kuo-Yuan , Kang Sung Gu , Chung Jin Suk , Hur Seung Hyun , Choi Won Mook
Published: January 2025

Earth abundant transition metal carbides, including molybdenum carbide (MoC) and tungsten carbide (WC), demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic performance towards overall water splitting due to their unique electronic and structural properties.
Enhancing the durability of aluminium-foil anodes in rechargeable lithium batteries via uniformly distributed alloy addition in the matrix phase
Authors: Li Hongyi , Nishimura Shohei , Liu Weiqi , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Matsumoto Shingo , Nakata Yuki , Hoshikawa Hiroaki , Kumagai Toshiaki , Yamaguchi Takitaro , Ichitsubo Tetsu
Published: January 2025

Uniformly distributed Si in the Al matrix as a solid solution induces a pinning effect, prevents cracking of the Al grains, suppresses pulverization and improves the cycling stability of Al-foil anodes in rechargeable lithium batteries.
Switching between HCOOH and CO in electrochemical CO2 reduction by doping Cu into Cd(OH)2 catalysts
Authors: Long Mi , Liu Xian , Wang Mingda , Shu Minxing , Shan Wenzhe , Wang Hongming
Published: January 2025

In this work, Cu-doped Cd(OH)2 modulates CO2RR selectivity between HCOOH and CO, enhancing CO2 adsorption and kinetics, and lowering the energy barrier for *COOH formation. This guides catalyst design for product control.
Advances in defect modulation strategies of indium antimonide semiconductor colloidal quantum dots for infrared photodetection
Authors: Huang Yixiao , Hou Qinggang , Kong Jiahua , Wang Keke , Huang Linjun , Du Zhonglin , Tang Jianguo
Published: January 2025

Outlines of the properties, synthesis, surface modification, and photodetection applications of InSb CQDs.
Speech-Language Pathology Preservice Preparation for Working in School-Age Literacy: International Perspectives
Authors: Stephenson Caitlin F. , Serry Tanya A. , Snow Pamela C.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This narrative review of preservice training of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to work in school-age literacy contexts examines (a) studies regarding SLPs' perceptions of their preservice training and (b) accreditation requirements for preservice training in selected nations.

Method:

A review of the literature examining (a) SLPs' perspectives about their preservice training; (b) SLPs' beliefs, confidence, and self-efficacy; and (c) speech-language pathology preservice program content was conducted via analysis of studies published after the year 2010. Policy documents and websites outlining accreditation requirements in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand were reviewed.

Results:

The literature search resulted in a total of 13 studies: nine from the United States and four from Australia. Twelve of the studies investigated SLP perceptions of preservice training. The perspectives of university faculty were included in one of these. One study directly examined preservice program coursework. In the United States, there appears to have been an increase in course content related to literacy in recent years. However, SLPs in both the United States and Australia consistently report feeling underprepared by their preservice training to address the full continuum of school-age literacy service provision that could be expected of SLPs on graduation. Between the different international contexts, there is significant variability in the clarity and specificity of requirements for preservice training in literacy for SLPs.

Conclusions:

Published research is limited to cross-sectional survey evaluations of preservice training. A qualitative lens to examine in more depth and breadth the experiences of preservice training from the perspectives of both recipients and providers is needed. Policy documents for speech-language pathology would benefit from increased coherence and accountability regarding accreditation requirements for SLPs in school-age literacy.
An object detection algorithm based on deep learning and salient feature fusion for roadside surveillance camera
Authors: He Yang , Jin Lisheng , Wang Huanhuan , Sun Xinyu , Huo Zhen , Wang Guangqi
Published: January 2025

In intelligent transportation systems, object detection for a surveillance video is one of the important functions. The performance of existing surveillance video object detection algorithms is affected by the conflict between the features of the objects, which leads to a decline in precision. Therefore, an object detection algorithm based on deep learning and salient feature fusion is proposed. The proposed method introduces a non‐weight‐sharing network to process the salient features of the image and fuse them with the features extracted from the red blue green branch. Different from the previous solutions, the salient feature extraction branch uses the boundary features and statistical features of the image and fuses the features of the two branches in the efficient layer aggregation networks structure. At the same time, the attention module is used in efficient layer aggregation networks with convolutional block attention module to improve the efficiency of feature utilisation. The training and evaluation are carried out in the constructed surveillance video feature conflict dataset, and eight scenes are constructed in the way of orthogonal experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of object detection can be significantly improved by using the proposed method in the object detection task of the intelligent transportation system surveillance video feature conflict scene.
A bipolar high‐voltage pulse driver for air‐coupled ultrasonic defect detection in soft‐pack lithium battery
Authors: Luo Kan , Zhang Qirong , Chen Yu , Chen Siluo , Huang Jing , Liang Chaobing
Published: January 2025

Developing a high‐performance transducer driver is essential yet challenging for air‐coupled ultrasound applications. This study introduces a MOSFET‐based bipolar high‐voltage pulse driver designed for defect detection in soft‐pack lithium batteries. High‐voltage DC generation is achieved through a push–pull inverter and full‐wave voltage multiplier circuit, producing a stable DC output. High‐speed MOSFET switching then controls the charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC network, generating a symmetric bipolar high‐voltage pulse signal with a peak‐to‐peak voltage of 1104 V at 100 kHz. Performance evaluation experiments demonstrated that a 7‐cycle pulse train provides an optimal balance of signal penetration and time resolution, effectively preventing waveform overlap. The system reliably penetrates soft‐pack lithium batteries up to 6 mm thick, and detects internal lithium battery defects, such as 1 mm air bubbles. Overall, this bipolar high‐voltage pulse driver surpasses traditional designs in both time and frequency domains, offering enhanced detection accuracy and practicality for air‐coupled ultrasonic inspection of lithium battery defects.
The optimised model of predicting protein‐metal ion ligand binding residues
Authors: Yang Caiyun , Hu Xiuzhen , Feng Zhenxing , Hao Sixi , Zhang Gaimei , Chen Shaohua , Guo Guodong
Published: January 2025

Metal ions are significant ligands that bind to proteins and play crucial roles in cell metabolism, material transport, and signal transduction. Predicting the protein‐metal ion ligand binding residues (PMILBRs) accurately is a challenging task in theoretical calculations. In this study, the authors employed fused amino acids and their derived information as feature parameters to predict PMILBRs using three classical machine learning algorithms, yielding favourable prediction results. Subsequently, deep learning algorithm was incorporated in the prediction, resulting in improved results for the sets of Ca2+ and Mg2+ compared to previous studies. The validation matrix provided the optimal prediction model for each ionic ligand binding residue, exhibiting the capability of effectively predicting the binding sites of metal ion ligands for real protein chains.
Exploring optimizer efficiency for facial expression recognition with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Madni Syed Hamid Hussain , A/L Pathmanatan Lokessh , Faheem Muhammad , Shahzad Hafiz Muhammad Faisal , Shah Sajid
Published: January 2025

It's widely accepted that human expressions, considering for roughly sixty percent of all daily interactions, are among the most authentic forms of communication. Numerous studies are being conducted to explore the importance of facial expressions and the development of machine‐assisted recognition techniques. Significant progress is being made in facial and expression recognition, largely due to the rapid growth of machine learning and computer vision. A variety of algorithmic approaches and methods exist for detecting and recognizing facial expressions and features. This study investigates various optimization algorithms used with convolutional neural networks for facial expression recognition. The primary focus is on Adam, RMSProp, stochastic gradient descent and AdaMax optimizers. A comprehensive comparison is being made, examining the key aspects of each optimizer, including its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the study also incorporates findings from recent studies that used these optimizers in various applications, highlighting their performance in terms of training time and precision. The aim is to illuminate the process of selecting a suitable optimizer for specific applications, analysing the trade‐offs between training speed and higher accuracy levels. Moreover, this study provides a deeper analysis of the role optimizers play in machine learning‐based facial expression recognition models. The discussion of the technical challenges posed by these optimizers and future improvements for achieving much more optimal results concludes the study.
Breaking the degeneracy in stellar spectral classification from single wide-band images
Authors: Centofanti Ezequiel , Farrens Samuel , Starck Jean-Luc , Liaudat Tobías , Szapiro Alex , Pollack Jennifer
Published: January 2025

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of observed stars in wide-field images is crucial for chromatic point spread function (PSF) modelling methods, which use unresolved stars as integrated spectral samples of the PSF across the field of view. This is particularly important for weak gravitational lensing studies, where precise PSF modelling is essential to get accurate shear measurements. Previous research has demonstrated that the SED of stars can be inferred from low-resolution observations using machine-learning classification algorithms. However, a degeneracy exists between the PSF size, which can vary significantly across the field of view, and the spectral type of stars, leading to strong limitations of such methods. We propose a new SED classification method that incorporates stellar spectral information by using a preliminary PSF model, thereby breaking this degeneracy and enhancing the classification accuracy. Our method involves calculating a set of similarity features between an observed star and a preliminary PSF model at different wavelengths and applying a support vector machine to these similarity features to classify the observed star into a specific stellar class. The proposed approach achieves a 91% top-two accuracy, surpassing machine-learning methods that do not consider the spectral variation of the PSF. Additionally, we examined the impact of PSF modelling errors on the spectral classification accuracy.
Lifestyle and aerobic fitness in young volleyball athletes
Authors: Candra Dewi Ratna , Supriyanto Catur , Ivano Avandi Raymond , Nurmaya Ika
Published: January 2025

Background: The performance of volleyball athletes is influenced by aerobic fitness. Objective: This study aims to analyze factors related to aerobic fitness in volleyball athletes. Method: The research design used was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 41 volleyball athletes from the Sidoarjo Indonesian Volleyball Development Club aged 14-18 years. Smoking habits and rest adequacy were measured using questionnaires, physical activity was evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and aerobic fitness was assessed using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). Results: There is a significant relationship between aerobic fitness with physical activity (r=0.39, p=0.01), gender (r=- 0.76, p=0.00), and smoking habits (r=-0.35, p=0.03) in volleyball athletes. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of these factors in maintaining and improving aerobic fitness levels in volleyball athletes.
Nutrition management for ischemic stroke patient with hemorrhagic transformation, hemiparesis dextra and dysphagia: A case report
Authors: Saliha Puspita Prameswari Fajria , Muharram Nurdin Naufal
Published: January 2025

This case report details an 81-year-old man with ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation, experiencing decreased consciousness, right-sided paralysis and dysphagia. At risk of malnutrition, the patient required tailored nutritional care and was given low-lactose formula via nasogastric tube (NGT) as initial intervention. Secondary prevention was administered by doctors. Monitoring showed his nutritional intake had not met 80% of his needs. Nevertheless, there were improvements in inflammatory indicators of swallowing ability.
Risk factors for wasting in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Shagti Indhira , Khomsan Ali , Dewi Mira , Latifah Melly
Published: January 2025

Background: Wasting is a significant public health issue in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, and it negatively impacts the nutritional status of toddlers. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors associated with wasting among toddlers in NTT. Method: This observational study employed a cross-sectional design, conducted from July to August 2023 at the Panite and Kualin Health Centers in TTS, NTT Province, with a total of 150 respondents. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the relationship between variables, and logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors. The prevalence of wasting in 2022 was 10.7%. Research Results: The findings indicate that toddlers with wasting have a higher proportion of shorter birth lengths (<48cm) at 17.3%, are less frequently given early breastfeeding initiation (18%), are more prevalent in families with a moderate number of members (5-6 people) at 23.3%, have mothers with no education (2.7%) or only elementary education (20.7%), and have mothers with low knowledge about nutrition and health (score<60) at 18%, compared to non-wasting toddlers. Statistically significant differences were observed for birth length (p=0.040), early initiation of breastfeeding (p<0.001), the first drink given at birth (p=0.035), number of family members (p=0.041), mother's education (p=0.023), and mother's knowledge about nutrition and health (p=0.020) between wasting and non- wasting toddlers. The most influential factors contributing to wasting in toddlers are the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, per capita income, and postnatal environmental factors. The variables analyzed in this study explain 36.1% of the factors affecting wasting among toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing wasting in the region, emphasizing improved breastfeeding practices, increased family income, and enhancements in postnatal environmental conditions.
E-health-based nutrition education effect for improving result measurement of hedonic hunger, dietary energy density, and body mass index in overweight and obese adult women
Authors: Rusyantia Anggun , Meliyanti Kusharto Clara , Pratomo Hadi
Published: January 2025

Lifestyle change interventions through improved eating behaviour and physical activity have proven to be effective in addressing obesity. This study aims to analyse the effect of E-health-based nutrition education on improving result measurement of hedonic hunger, dietary energy density, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in overweight and obese adult women. This study employed a quasi-experimental design involving 92 overweight and obese adult women (intervention 45, control 47). The differential test result for all outcome variables showed significant improvements in the intervention group across all measurement variables compared to the control group (p<0.01).
Peer and parental support for sweet snack consumption habits among suburban adolescents in Palu City
Authors: Utami Dewi Nikmah , Ayu Hartini Diah , Aisyah Solechah Siti , Nurul Fadjriah Rasyika
Published: January 2025

Indonesian adolescents have a preference for sweet foods. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parental and peer support and sweet snack habits among suburban adolescents. A total of 395 adolescents, aged 15-17, living in the suburbs of Palu, were randomly selected. Data collection was conducted using validated questionnaires, along with a Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess sweet snack consumption habits. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank test. Nearly half of adolescents reported consuming sweet snacks once a day or more, with low parental support and high peer support. The most significant form of positive peer support in reducing sweet snack consumption was providing negative feedback when adolescents consumed such foods and encouraging them to avoid sweets. Parents positively influenced adolescents' eating habits, particularly by engaging them in discussions about healthier eating and changes in their eating behaviors. Positive peer support was negatively correlated with sweet snacks consumption (r=-0.27), while negative peer support was positively correlated with this habit (r=0.19) among adolescent boys (p<0.05).
The relationship of economic pressure and financial management on parenting quality in stunted children
Authors: Nurmahfuzhah Nisrina , Herawati Tin , Defina
Published: January 2025

Background: Stunting is a multifaceted issue that extends beyond nutrition and health, incorporating parenting quality and family resource management. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation of child characteristics, family characteristics, economic pressure, and financial management on parenting quality. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 68 mothers from intact families with stunted children aged 24-59 months, residing in Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Respondents were selected using non- probability sampling with a purposive technique. Results: Findings indicated that economic pressure (60.3%) and financial management (55.9%) were rated as moderate, while parenting quality (58.8%) was classified as low. Child age (r=0.353; p<0.01), length of parental education (fathers: r=0.274; p<0.05; mothers: r=0.263; p<0.05), and financial management (r=0.326; p<0.05) showed a significant positive correlation with parenting quality, whereas economic pressure (r=-0.278; p<0.05) was significantly negatively related. Conclusions: As children age, their developmental needs intensify, necessitating heightened parental awareness and quality parenting. Families are encouraged to improve responsive feeding skills, effectively manage finances, and explore alternative income sources to support their children’s growth and development.
Mocaf flour, moringa flour, and mackerel flour food bars as an emergency food source for neurodivergent/autistic children during a natural disaster
Authors: Viorafanti Olivia Monica , Crosita.O Yessi , Malkan Bakhrul Ilmi Ibnu , Nasrullah Nanang
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is highly prone to natural disasters, when it strikes it often limits access to safe food for autistic children who require a gluten- and casein-free diet. This study aims to determine the optimal emergency
food bar formulation suitable for autistic children, using mocaf flour, mackerel flour, and moringa leaf flour. This research used mocaf flour (25g (F1), 27g (F2), 29g (F3)), mackerel flour (5g (F1), 3g (F2), 1g (F3)), and moringa leaf flour (9g for all formulations). Proximate content was analyzed using AOAC 2012 and 2005 methods. The study employed a complete randomized design with two repetitions. Statistical analysis used for the proximate test was ANOVA and Duncan tests, while for sensory evaluation used Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The best formulation was identified using the exponential method. The results showed that the
food bars generally met emergency food standards, except for moisture content. ANOVA indicated no significant effect of formulation variation on moisture content (p=0.07). However, significant effects were observed on ash content (p=0.029), protein (p=0.001), and carbohydrate (p=0.003), but not on fat content (p=0.087). Sensory analysis revealed significant differences in all preference parameters. The best formulation, F3, provided 54% carbohydrates, 32.7% fat, and 8.31% protein, totaling 389.59 kcal per 100 grams.
Nutritional composition and sensory properties of snack bars made from sago worm paste (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) as an alternative food
Authors: Canti Meda , Muliawan Shinta
Published: January 2025

Sago worms are a sustainable and nutritious food ingredient that requires further development to increase its wider utilization. This study aimed to develop snack bars made from sago worm paste and evaluate their proximate and sensory properties. The research stages included the preparation of sago worm paste and snack bars, followed by proximate and sensory analysis of the snack bars. Four formulas were used for the ratio of sago worm paste to wheat flour: 0:100 (F0), 25:75 (F1), 50:50 (F2), and 75:25 (F3). The ash, protein, lipid content, and total energy of the sago worm paste snack bars increased, while the acceptance scores for taste and aftertaste decreased. All snack bars were evaluated in accordance with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards. Additionally, the panellists accepted all snack bar treatments based on color, aroma, taste, aftertaste, texture, and overall acceptance. Formula F2 was found to be the best based on its nutritional composition and sensory properties.
Prebiotic products based on kepok banana starch (Musa paradisiaca Formatypica) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) as functional food for female wistar rats
Authors: Luthfiyah Fifi , Ikayanti Retno , Dwipajati
Published: January 2025

Background: Colon cancer ranks as the 5th most common cancer worldwide, with over one million new cases reported between 2015 and 2018. Resistant starch found in Kepok Banana extract may have potential in colon cancer prevention. Additionally, diets rich in iron and vitamin C contribute to chronic disease prevention. Moringa leaves, rich in vitamin C, enhance iron absorption. This study evaluated the growth of Lactobacillus and Shigella spp in female rats given Moringa-Banana starch (MBS) as a prebiotic supplement. Results showed significant differences in gut microbiota with MBS consumption, with higher concentrations of beneficial bacteria and reduced levels of pathogenic bacteria observed in the group receiving the highest MBS dose. These findings suggest that MBS could be a potential prebiotic candidate for further development.
Blood glucose response to kratom tea (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)
Authors: Fadly Dzul
Published: January 2025

Background: Kratoms are traditionally used in Borneo to manage diabetes by chewing, smoking, or brewing the leaves as tea. Studying its effects on blood glucose is crucial for validating its therapeutic potential. Objective: This study evaluated the blood glucose response to kratom tea from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods: This evaluation was executed using an experimental design with ten subjects, which included pure standard glucose in week 1 and standard glucose mixed with 1% kratom tea in week 2, with a 1-week wash-out period. Results: Postprandial blood glucose levels were measured over 2 hours. Results showed a higher increase in blood glucose levels in the pure glucose group (AUC: 579.98±27.15 mm²) compared to the kratom tea group (AUC: 493.30±24.27 mm²), with significant differences (p=0.01). Conclusion: Kratom tea significantly inhibited the increase in blood glucose level after meals.