bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some convergently three-term trust region conjugate gradient algorithms under gradient function non-Lipschitz continuity
Authors: Hu Wujie , Wu Jinzhao , Yuan Gonglin
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces two three-term trust region conjugate gradient algorithms, TT-TR-WP and TT-TR-CG, which are capable of converging under non-Lipschitz continuous gradient functions without any additional conditions. These algorithms possess sufficient descent and trust region properties, and demonstrate global convergence. In order to assess their numerical performance, we compare them with two classical algorithms in terms of restoring noisy gray-scale and color images as well as solving large-scale unconstrained problems. In restoring noisy gray-scale images, we set the performance of TT-TR-WP as the standard, then TT-TR-CG takes around 2.33 times longer. The other algorithms around 2.46 and 2.41 times longer, respectively. In solving the same color images, the proposed algorithms exhibit relative good performance over other algorithms. Additionally, TT-TR-WP and TT-TR-CG are competitive in unconstrained problems, and the former has wide applicability while the latter has strong robustness. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are both more outstanding than the baseline algorithms in terms of applicability and robustness.
Reconsidering screening thresholds in health assessments for obstructive sleep apnea using operational and safety incident data
Authors: Naweed Anjum , Lechat Bastien , Chapman Janine , Adams Robert J. , Ferguson Sally A. , Casolin Armand , Reynolds Amy C.
Published: May 2024

The rail industry in Australia screens workers for probable obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to known safety risks. However, existing criteria to trigger screening only identify a small proportion of workers with OSA. The current study sought to examine the relationship between OSA risk and rail incidents in real-world data from Australian train drivers, and conducted a proof of concept analysis to determine whether more conservative screening criteria are justified. Health assessment (2016–2018) and subsequent rail incident data (2016–2020) were collected from two passenger rail service providers. Predictors included OSA status (confirmed no OSA with a sleep study, controlled OSA, unknown OSA [no recorded sleep assessment data] and confirmed OSA with no indication of treatment); OSA risk according to the current Standard, and OSA risk according to more conservative clinical markers (BMI threshold and cardiometabolic burden). Coded rail safety incidents involving the train driver were included. Data were analysed using zero-inflated negative binomial models to account for over-dispersion with high 0 counts, and rail safety incidents are reported using Incidence Risk Ratios (IRRs). A total of 751 train drivers, typically middle-aged, overweight to obese and mostly men, were included in analyses. There were 43 (5.7%) drivers with confirmed OSA, 62 (8.2%) with controlled OSA, 13 (1.7%) with confirmed no OSA and 633 (84.4%) drivers with unknown OSA. Of the 633 train drivers with unknown OSA status, 21 (3.3%) met ‘at risk’ criteria for OSA according to the Standard, and incidents were 61% greater (IRR: 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.02–2.56) in the years following their health assessment compared to drivers who did not meet ‘at risk’ criteria. A more conservative OSA risk status using lower BMI threshold and cardiometabolic burden identified an additional 30 ‘at risk’ train drivers who had 46% greater incidents compared to drivers who did not meet risk criteria (IRR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.00–2.13)). Our more conservative OSA risk criteria identified more workers, with greater prospective incidents. These findings suggest that existing validated tools could be considered in future iterations of the Standard in order to more sensitively screen for OSA.
A bicentric retrospective study of the correlation of EAU BCR risk groups with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT detection in prostate cancer biochemical recurrence
Authors: Poterszman Nathan , Merlin Charles , Margail Charles , Ouvrard Eric , Imperiale Alessio , Somme François
Published: May 2024

The European Association of Urology (EAU) has proposed a risk stratification for patients harboring biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy: ISUP < 4 and PSA doubling time (PSAdt) > 12 months for low risk, and ISUP ≥ 4 or PSAdt ≤ 12 months for high risk. This dual-center retrospective study aims to investigate the correlation between the EAU risk stratification for BCR following radical prostatectomy and the detection rate of lesions using 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. Among the 71 included patients (58 high-risk, 13 low-risk), with a median PSA level of 1.43 ng/ml, PET/CT demonstrated a significantly higher positivity in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (72.4% vs. 38.0%, p = 0.026). Analysis of recurrence sites revealed a similar proportion of pelvic-confined disease in both groups (24.1% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.935), but a significantly higher incidence of metastatic disease in the high-risk group (51.7% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.017), with detailed findings indicating an increased prevalence of bone metastases in the high-risk BCR group (37.8% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.048). Therefore, PSMA PET/CT offers valuable insights for treatment decisions, aligning with the evolving landscape of prostate cancer management.
NGMD: next generation malware detection in federated server with deep neural network model for autonomous networks
Authors: Babbar Himanshi , Rani Shalli , Boulila Wadii
Published: May 2024

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks persistently proliferate, impacting individuals and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Deep learning (DL) models are paving the way to address these challenges and the dynamic nature of potential threats. Traditional detection systems, relying on signature-based techniques, are susceptible to next-generation malware. Integrating DL approaches in cloud-edge/federated servers enhances the resilience of these systems. In the Internet of Things (IoT) and autonomous networks, DL, particularly federated learning, has gained prominence for attack detection. Unlike conventional models (centralized and localized DL), federated learning does not require access to users’ private data for attack detection. This approach is gaining much interest in academia and industry due to its deployment on local and global cloud-edge models. Recent advancements in DL enable training a quality cloud-edge model across various users (collaborators) without exchanging personal information. Federated learning, emphasizing privacy preservation at the cloud-edge terminal, holds significant potential for facilitating privacy-aware learning among collaborators. This paper addresses: (1) The deployment of an optimized deep neural network for network traffic classification. (2) The coordination of federated server model parameters with training across devices in IoT domains. A federated flowchart is proposed for training and aggregating local model updates. (3) The generation of a global model at the cloud-edge terminal after multiple rounds between domains and servers. (4) Experimental validation on the BoT-IoT dataset demonstrates that the federated learning model can reliably detect attacks with efficient classification, privacy, and confidentiality. Additionally, it requires minimal memory space for storing training data, resulting in minimal network delay. Consequently, the proposed framework outperforms both centralized and localized DL models, achieving superior performance.
Adverse effects of Microcystis aeruginosa exudates on the filtration, digestion, and reproduction organs of benthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Hong Zijin , Chen Xinyun , Hu Junxiang , Chang Xuexiu , Qian Yu
Published: May 2024

Cyanobacteria bloom and the secondary metabolites released by the microorganism are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, yet study on their adverse effects in zoobenthos is rare. Corbicula fluminea widely distributed in freshwater environment with algal blooms. It is a typical filter feeding zoobenthos that may be affected by the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria due to its high filtering rate. In this study, C. fluminea was exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa exudates (MaE) for 96 h, which was obtained from 5 × 105 cells/mL and 2.5 × 106 cells/mL exponential stage M. aeruginosa culture solution that represented cyanobacteria cell density needs environmental risk precaution control and emergent control, respectively. The responses of C. fluminea critical organs to MaE were analyzed and evaluated based on histopathological sections, antitoxicity biomarkers, and organ function biomarkers. The results showed that all the organs underwent structural disorders, cell vacuolization, apoptosis, and necrosis, and the damage levels increased as MaE concentration increased. The detoxification and antioxidant defense systems biomarkers in each organ response to MaE exposure differently and the level of reaction improved when MaE concentration increased. The siphon rate and acetylcholinesterase activity showed that the filtration function decreased significantly as the MaE concentration increased. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and amylase in the digestive gland indicate that it is the major detoxification organ of C. fluminea. Increased vitellogenin concentration and enlarged oocytes in the gonad indicate that MaE may have an estrogenic effect on C. fluminea. This study demonstrates that cyanobacteria threat benthic bivalves by inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting filtering feeding system, and disturbing digestion system and reproduction potential of C. fluminea.
Crystal orientation of epitaxial film deposited on silicon surface
Authors: Kaneko Satoru , Tokumasu Takashi , Yasui Manabu , Kurouchi Masahito , Shiojiri Daishi , Yasuhara Shigeo , Sahoo Sumanta Kumar , Can Musa Mutlu , Yu Ruei Sung , Sardar Kripasindhu , Yoshimura Masahiro , Azuma Masaki , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru
Published: May 2024

Direct growth of oxide film on silicon is usually prevented by extensive diffusion or chemical reaction between silicon (Si) and oxide materials. Thermodynamic stability of binary oxides is comprehensively investigated on Si substrates and shows possibility of chemical reaction of oxide materials on Si surface. However, the thermodynamic stability does not include any crystallographic factors, which is required for epitaxial growth. Adsorption energy evaluated by total energy estimated with the density functional theory predicted the orientation of epitaxial film growth on Si surface. For lower computing cost, the adsorption energy was estimated without any structural optimization (simple total of energy method). Although the adsorption energies were different on simple ToE method, the crystal orientation of epitaxial growth showed the same direction with/without the structural optimization. The results were agreed with previous simulations including structural optimization. Magnesium oxide (MgO), as example of epitaxial film, was experimentally deposited on Si substrates and compared with the results from the adsorption evaluation. X-ray diffraction showed cubic on cubic growth [MgO(100)//Si(100) and MgO(001)//Si(001)] which agreed with the results of the adsorption energy.
Speciation patterns of Aedes mosquitoes in the Scutellaris Group: a mitochondrial perspective
Authors: Rakotonirina Antsa , Dauga Catherine , Pol Morgane , Hide Mallorie , Vuth Linavin , Ballan Valentine , Kilama Sosiasi , Russet Sylvie , Marcombe Sébastien , Boyer Sébastien , Pocquet Nicolas
Published: May 2024

The Scutellaris Group of Aedes comprises 47 mosquito species, including Aedes albopictus. While Ae. albopictus is widely distributed, the other species are mostly found in the Asia–Pacific region. Evolutionary history researches of Aedes species within the Scutellaris Group have mainly focused on Ae. albopictus, a species that raises significant public health concerns, neglecting the other species. In this study, we aimed to assess genetic diversity and estimate speciation times of several species within the Scutellaris Group. Mosquitoes were therefore collected from various Asia–Pacific countries. Their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and subunit 3 (cox3) sequences were analyzed alongside those of other Scutellaris Group species available in the GenBank database. To estimate the divergence time, we analyzed 1849 cox1 gene sequences from 21 species, using three species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes notoscriptus and Aedes vigilax) as outgroups. We found that most of the speciation dates occurred during the Paleogene and the Neogene periods. A separation between the Scutellaris Subgroup and the Albopictus Subgroup occurred approximately 64–61 million years ago (MYA). We also identified a split between species found in Asia/Micronesia and those collected in Melanesia/Polynesia approximately 36–35 MYA. Our findings suggest that the speciation of Aedes species within the Scutellaris Group may be driven by diversity in mammalian hosts, climate and environmental changes, and geological dynamics rather than human migration.
Enhancing vaccination uptake through community engagement: evidence from China
Authors: Guan Hongyu , Zhang Lidong , Chen Xiangzhe , Zhang Yunyun , Ding Yuxiu , Liu Wenting
Published: May 2024

With growing recognition of the importance of community engagement in addressing public health challenges, its role in promoting healthy behaviors and preventing infectious diseases has gained attention. However, vaccination coverage remains a significant concern in many developing countries. While previous studies have linked community engagement to positive health outcomes, there is a gap in understanding its influence on individual vaccination choices, particularly in the context of developing countries. Utilizing data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study examines the impact of community engagement on COVID-19 and flu vaccination uptake among 7281 individuals. Community engagement, measured by community vaccination notifications, serves as the key independent variable. The study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods to analyze the relationship between community engagement and vaccination behavior. The analysis reveals a positive association between community engagement and vaccination rates. Specifically, individuals receiving notifications were more likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine compared to non-recipients (vaccination rates: 100% vs. 53.3%), and flu vaccination rates were also significantly higher among those notified (2.7% vs. 1.9%). Mechanism analysis suggests that individuals receiving community notifications are more aware of the benefits of vaccination, leading to higher vaccination rates among this group. This study underscores the effectiveness of community engagement strategies in promoting positive vaccination behavior among individuals in China. By enhancing awareness and trust in immunization, community engagement initiatives play a crucial role in shaping health behaviors and improving vaccination uptake. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating community engagement approaches into public health interventions to address vaccination challenges.
Necrophilic behaviour in wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Toyoda Aru , Gonçalves André , Maruhashi Tamaki , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Matsuda Ikki
Published: May 2024

Necrophilic behavior (attempted copulation with corpses) has been scarcely reported in non-human primates, especially in the wild. Here is the first case of necrophilic behavior observed in wild stump-tailed macaques in Thailand. Six groups of total N > 460 individuals have been identified and habituated. The corpse of an adult female was found and directly observed for 2 days and by camera trap for 3 days. The cause of death could not be identified, but no prominent physical injury was detected. Within 3 days of the observation, three different males attempted copulation with the corpse. Noteworthy for this observation was that not only males in the group of the dead female but also males from different groups interacted with the corpse. Taken together, these observations suggest that some cues emanating from the corpse coupled with a nonresistant/passive orientation may have triggered these responses in the males. Given that necrophiliac responses have been scarcely reported in non-human primates, our findings provide new insight into these behaviors and to comparative thanatology in general.
Analysis of distribution method of designed air quantity in coal mine ventilation—a case study
Authors: Wang Yongyin , Pan Qizhi , Gao Lin , Cao Yunqin , Liu Ping , Yi Hanhua , Gao Changsi
Published: May 2024

In a coal mine, air leakage exists in some roadways through doors and other ventilation structures inevitably. Based on this opinion, there are different views on whether these roadways must be assigned airflow in coal mine ventilation design. This paper analyses some relevant regulations and criteria on the designed air quantity of coal mines. Then, based on the ventilation design of the Guizhou Yizhong Coal Mine, through the study of the calculation of needed air quantity of every working place and its distribution method in coal mine ventilation design, this paper puts forward that explosion-proof door, safety exit, and other short distance roadways with ventilation structures need not assign airflow in coal mine ventilation design, while some long-distance roadways need. Additionally, it presents the main reason to support this opinion, gives the distribution method of inner air leakage quantity, which comes with the calculation of the designed mine total air quantity, puts forward the remedy method for the air leakage through ventilation structures in a coal mine ventilation system, then offers the mine operator with the basic opinions for the day-to-day planning and effective operation of a coal mine ventilation system.
Evaluation and validation of suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhu Fenglin , Zheng Xingwen , Yang Liangbo , Diao Ying , Hu Zhongli
Published: May 2024

The qRT-PCR technique has been regarded as an important tool for assessing gene expression diversity. Selection of appropriate reference genes is essential for validating deviation and obtaining reliable and accurate results. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) is a common aquatic plant with important aesthetic, commercial, and cultural values. Twelve candidate genes, which are typically used as reference genes for qRT-PCR in other plants, were selected for this study. These candidate reference genes were cloned with, specific primers designed based on published sequences. In particular, the expression level of each gene was examined in different tissues and growth stages of Lotus. Notably, the expression stability of these candidate genes was assessed using the software programs geNorm and NormFinder. As a result, the most efficient reference genes for rootstock expansion were TBP and UBQ. In addition, TBP and EF-1α were the most efficient reference genes in various floral tissues, while ACT and GAPDH were the most stable genes at all developmental stages of the seed. CYP and GAPDH were the best reference genes at different stages of leaf development, but TUA was the least stable. Meanwhile, the gene expression profile of NnEXPA was analyzed to confirm the validity of the findings. It was concluded that, TBP and GAPDH were identified as the best reference genes. The results of this study may help researchers to select appropriate reference genes and thus obtain credible results for further quantitative RT-qPCR gene expression analyses in Lotus.
Significance of atherosclerotic plaque location in recanalizing non-acute long-segment occlusion of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Zhao Tong-Yuan , Xu Gang-Qin , Xue Jiang-Yu , Bai Wei-Xing , Cai Dong-Yang , Yang Bo-Wen , Shi Wei-Yu , Li Tian-Xiao , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: May 2024

To investigate the significance of atherosclerotic plaque location in hybrid surgery comprising both endovascular recanalization approaches and carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic atherosclerotic non-acute long-segment occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), 162 patients were enrolled, including 120 (74.1%) patients in the proximal plaque group and 42 (25.9%) in the distal plaque group. Surgical recanalization was performed in all patients, with successful recanalization in 119 (99.2%) patients in the proximal and 39 (92.9%) in the distal plaque group. The total successful recanalization rate was 97.5% (158/162) with a failure rate of 2.5% (4/162). Periprocedural complications occurred in 5 (4.2% or 5/120) patients in the proximal plaque group, including neck infection in two (1.7%), recurrent nerve injury in 1 (0.8%), and laryngeal edema in 2 (1.7%), and 2 (4.8%) in the distal plaque group, including femoral puncture infection in 2 (4.8%). No severe complications occurred in either group. Univariate analysis showed plaque location was a significant (P = 0.018) risk factor for successful recanalization, and multivariate analysis indicated that the plaque location remained a significant independent risk factor for recanalization success (P = 0.017). In follow-up 6–48 months after the recanalization surgery, reocclusion occurred in two (2.8%) patients in the proximal plaque group and 4 (13.3%) in the distal plaque group. In conclusion, although hybrid surgery achieves similar outcomes in patients with ICA occlusion caused by either proximal or distal atherosclerotic plaques, plaque location may be a significant risk factor for successful recanalization of symptomatic non-acute long-segment ICA occlusion.
Research progress in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with natural polysaccharides and related structure–activity relationships
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Gao Yanan , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Mingxing
Published: May 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of highly prevalent and chronic inflammatory intestinal tract diseases caused by multiple factors.
A comparative study of the hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action ofLaminaria japonica- andAscophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Xue , Wang Yan-Ming , Sui Feng-Rong , Zhang Xue-Ying , Liu Hai-Di , Ma Dong-Yue , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Guo Shou-Dong
Published: May 2024

Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans exhibit distinct structural characteristics and mechanisms of action on hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
Umschriebene Nekrosen bei älteren Punktionsarealen
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: May 2024

Umschriebene Hautnekrosen sind eine nicht häufige, trotzdem typische Komplikation älterer Punktionsareale. Die schlechte Vaskularisation der durch die Vielfachpunktion entstandenen Vernarbung von Haut und Shuntvenenwand ist wohl dominant ursächlich für diese Komplikation. Eine korrigierende Aneurysmakaliberreduktion ist auch bei älteren, stark vernarbten aneurysmatischen Punktionsarealen komplikationsarm möglich, wenn shuntspezifische indikatorische und operationstechnische Regeln beachtet werden. Einige Aspekte hierzu werden dargestellt.
Peritonealdialyse: die richtige Antwortauf Krankenhausreform, Fachkräftemangelund globale Fragen inklusive Klimawandel
Authors: Alscher Mark Dominik
Published: May 2024

Auf den ersten Blick sind die aktuellen Bemühungen um eine Krankenhausreform in Deutschland (Krankenhausversorgungverbesserungsgesetz), der Fachkräftemangel und die globalen Fragen inklusive Klimawandel zunächst unzusammenhängende Probleme und Themen, die aber alle Einflüsse auf das Gesundheitssystem haben. Diese wirken auf die Leistungserbringungen und beeinflussen die Wahl der zum Einsatz kommenden Methoden. Insbesondere bei gleichwertigen oder ähnlichen therapeutischen Verfahren hinsichtlich Mortalität, Komplikationen und Lebensqualität werden diese aber zu entscheidenden Determinanten bei der Wahl des Verfahrens. Die Verfahren der Peritonealdialyse versus der Hämodialyse sind hinsichtlich der Mortalität, der Komplikationen in den ersten 3–5 Jahren und der Lebensqualität innerhalb von Schwankungsbreiten zwar teils unterschiedlich, aber nicht von einer Signifikanz, die den Einsatz des einen oder anderen Verfahrens grundsätzlich ausschließt. Deshalb entstehen neue Entscheidungskomponenten, die bei der Verfahrenswahl hinzugezogen werden müssen. Weiter muss auch diskutiert werden, welche Infrastruktur für ein Verfahren zur Verfügung steht. Ein westliches Industrieland, in dem momentan jederzeit und überall ausreichend Wasser, Elektrizität und Transportsysteme verfügbar sind, hat andere Möglichkeiten als ein Land, in dem dies nicht so ist. Weiter müssen wir damit rechnen, dass auch in den westlichen Industrieländern diese Versorgung zunehmend nicht mehr gesichert sein wird. Der Fachkräftemangel, der sich zukünftig noch verschärfen wird, spielt weiter für alle Gesundheitssysteme eine Rolle. Therapeutische Systeme, die weniger Assistenz durch geschultes Fachpersonal benötigen, sind dann deutlich attraktiver. Auf diese Zusammenhänge geht dieser Beitrag ein.
Vergleich von Methoden zur Effektivitätsmessung der Hämodialyse: eine quantitative Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Zhang Nanxi
Published: May 2024

Die Angemessenheit der Dialyse hängt mit der Morbidität und Mortalität von Patienten mit Nierenerkrankungen im Endstadium zusammen. Die Methode zur Überprüfung der Angemessenheit der Hämodialyse kann durch Formelberechnung auf der Grundlage der Blutprobe und auch durch eine Online-Clearance-Messung der Dialysegeräte erfolgen. Die Ziele dieser Studie sind es festzustellen, ob die Kt/V-Werte gleich sind, die aus der Single-Pool-Kt/V-Formel und dem Online-Clearance-Monitoring ermittelt werden, und herauszufinden, welche Faktoren die beiden Werte beeinflussen. Hierzu wurde eine quantitative Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Werte aus der Online-Clearance-Messung kleiner als bei herkömmlichen Laborberechnungen sind. Je niedriger der Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und das Körpergewicht des Patienten vor der Dialyse, desto wahrscheinlicher ist es, dass er bei herkömmlichen Formelberechnungen ein höheres Kt/V und somit eine bessere Dialyseeffizienz erreicht.
A DFT study of structural, electrical, and thermodynamical properties of Sc, Ti, V doped ring Beryllium Oxide (BeO)n (n = 3–5) nanoclusters
Authors: Rahman Aoly Ur , Saaduzzaman D. M. , Hasan Syed Mahedi , Sikder Md. Kabir Uddin
Published: May 2024

The geometric, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of ring-shaped beryllium oxide (BeO)n (n = 3–5) clusters along with changes in these characteristics after doping with transition metals—scandium, titanium, and vanadium—have been investigated based on density functional theory (B3LYP/LanL2DZ) calculations. It has been observed that ring-shaped (BeO)n (n = 3–5) clusters have become more stable and effective due to doping with transition metals, and this stability is better for the bigger clusters. In addition, from the IR spectroscopy analysis, it has been observed that both the pristine and doped clusters are formed naturally as there is no imaginary frequency found in these clusters. From the analysis of electronic properties, it has been found that the bandgap drastically reduces after doping in these clusters and shows semiconductivity. Therefore, these doped clusters could be suitable for different high-tech applications in the semiconductor industries.
Maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation affects factors that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in the testis of adult progeny
Authors: Viotti Helen , Cavestany Daniel , Martin Graeme B. , Vickers Mark H. , Sloboda Deborah M. , Pedrana Graciela
Published: May 2024

Context A maternal high-fat diet is thought to pose a risk to spermatogenesis in the progeny. Aims We tested whether a maternal high-fat diet would affect Sertoli cell expression of transcription factors (insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); glial-cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF); Ets variant 5 (ETV5)) and cell proliferation and apoptotic proteins, in the testis of adult offspring. Methods Pregnant rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (Control) or a high-fat diet (HFat) throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male pups were fed the standard diet until postnatal day 160. Males were monitored daily from postnatal day 34 to determine onset of puberty. On postnatal day 160, their testes were processed for morphometry and immunohistochemistry. Key results The HFat diet increased seminiferous-tubule diameter (P < 0.03), the numbers of Sertoli cells (P < 0.0001) and Ki-67-positive spermatogonia (P < 0.0006), and the areas immunostained for ETV5 (P < 0.0001), caspase-3 (P < 0.001) and Bcl-2 (P < 0.0001). By contrast, the HFat diet reduced the areas immunostained for IGF-I (P < 0.01) and GDNF (P < 0.0001). Conclusions A maternal high-fat diet alters the balance between spermatogonia proliferation and spermatid apoptosis. Implications A maternal high-fat diet seems to ‘program’ adult male fertility.
Crop yields fail to rise in smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wollburg Philip , Bentze Thomas , Lu Yuchen , Udry Christopher , Gollin Douglas
Published: May 2024

Drawing on a harmonized longitudinal dataset covering more than 55,000 smallholder farms in six African countries, we analyze changes in crop productivity from 2008 to 2019. Because smallholder farmers represent a significant fraction of the world’s poorest people, agricultural productivity in this context matters for poverty reduction and for the broader achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Our analysis measures productivity trends for nationally representative samples of smallholder crop farmers, using detailed data on agricultural inputs and outputs which we integrate with detailed data on local weather and environmental conditions. In spite of government commitments and international efforts to strengthen African agriculture, we find no evidence that smallholder crop productivity improved over this 12-y period. Our preferred statistical specification of total factor productivity (TFP) suggests an overall decline in productivity of −3.5% per year. Various other models we test also find declining productivity in the overall sample, and none of them finds productivity growth. However, the different countries in our sample experienced varying trends, with some instances of growth in some regions. The results suggest that major challenges remain for agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. They complement previous analyses that relied primarily on aggregate national statistics to measure agricultural productivity, rather than detailed microdata.
‘You are not empowered, you have neither character nor pride’
Authors: Del Saz Rubio Maria Milagros
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to unveil the most frequent discursive practices of aggressive language addressed at three female
Spanish politicians on X (formerly Twitter) and the themes around which these practices revolve. Isabel Díaz-Ayuso, Irene Montero,
and Yolanda Díaz were selected for analysis. A mixed-methods analysis of 1,500 randomly retrieved posts was conducted. Aggressive
language aimed at delegitimizing the politicians was manually coded based on existing taxonomies. A data-driven taxonomy was
obtained with the most frequently involved themes to assess gender-based representations. Quantitative findings pointed to
interindividual differences that were qualitatively analyzed. Aggression towards Yolanda Díaz was conveyed through insults and
negative comments questioning her intelligence, physical appearance, and political affiliation. Replies to Isabel Díaz-Ayuso
questioned the morality of her decisions regarding social issues. At the same time, Irene Montero received more insults and sexist
negative comments focusing on her sexuality and subordination to male figures.
The Right to Request Flexible Working: Evidence from Employment Tribunal Judgments
Authors: Pearson Megan
Published: May 2024

This study examines five years of Employment Tribunal judgments on flexible working requests and uses a thematic analysis to identify the issues that have been litigated and to assess how employment tribunals, employees and employers have navigated the Act’s provisions. Whilst the right to request flexible working has been much critiqued because of its limited nature, there is little evidence and discussion of whether it provides a useable and effective process for employees and employers on its own terms. This article identifies three problems with the current legislation: employees can find it difficult to comply with the requirements for a valid statutory request, the difficulty of establishing and complying with the time limits in the legislation and finally the difficulty for tribunals in defining and applying core concepts relating to its power of review over employers’ decisions. These issues will not be resolved through the new Employment Relations (Flexible Working) Act 2023 and in some ways will be made more difficult.
Dynamics of Potato Virus Y Infection Pressure and Strain Composition in the San Luis Valley, Colorado
Authors: Daniel Jeremy , Chikh-Ali Mohamad
Published: May 2024

The San Luis Valley (SLV), Colorado, is the second-largest fresh-potato-growing region in the United States, which accounts for about 95% of the total production in Colorado. Potato virus Y (PVY) is the leading cause of seed potato rejection in the SLV, which has caused a constant decline in seed potato production over the past two decades. To help potato growers control PVY, we monitored the dynamics of PVY infection pressure over the growing seasons of 2022 and 2023 (May through August) using tobacco bait plants exposed to field infection weekly. PVY infection dynamics were slightly different between the two seasons, but July and August had the highest infection in both years. The first PVY infection was detected in the second half of June, which coincides with the emergence of potato crops in the valley. PVY infection increased toward the beginning of August and declined toward the end of the season. Three PVY strains were identified in tobacco bait plants and potato fields, namely PVYO, PVYN−Wi, and PVYNTN. Unlike other producing areas of the United States, PVYO is still the major strain infecting potato crops in Colorado, comprising ∼40% of total PVY strain composition. This could be explained by the prevalence of the potato cultivar Russet Norkotah that lacks any identified N genes, including the Nytbr that controls PVYO, which imposes no negative selection against this strain. The current study demonstrated the usefulness of bait plants to understand PVY epidemiology and develop more targeted control practices of PVY.
Congenital Disseminated Pyogenic Granuloma: A Case With Numerous Mucocutaneous and Visceral Lesions
Authors: Ghaderi-Sohi Siavash , Moradi Behnaz , Shirazi Mahboobeh , Rahimi Rahil , Ravanbakhsh Romina , Kariminejad Ariana , Feizabad Elham
Published: May 2024

Congenital disseminated pyogenic granuloma (CDPG) is characterized by eruptive disseminated or localized lesions, which may arise spontaneously or secondary to predisposing factors. Even rarer is the occurrence of CDPG with numerous lesions affecting variable organs, which develop during the fetal period. This report describes the case of a 32-week-old fetus presenting with severe hydrocephalus and vascular intracranial and right lung masses on magnetic resonance imaging. Preterm labor occurred at the 32nd week due to preterm premature rupture of membranes, and the newborn died due to cardiac dysfunction within 2 hours postpartum. The subsequent autopsy revealed multiple violaceous to dark red papules, nodules, pedunculated and un-pedunculated mucocutaneous masses, as well as two brain lesions, a lung lesion, a thoracic wall intramuscular mass, and a pyloric mass. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical evaluation for glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) confirmed the diagnosis of CDPG. CDPG represents a rare condition with an elusive etiology and limited reports in the literature. Differential diagnosis from multifocal infantile hemangioma, based on GLUT1 negativity of CDPG, is imperative due to differing clinical course and treatment modalities. This report underscores a severe case of CDPG characterized by preterm labor and demise shortly after delivery, notable for its extensive involvement across multiple organs, including the brain, lung, intestine, musculoskeletal system, mucosal, and numerous cutaneous sites.
Evaluation of three-dimensional reconstruction technology in precision hepatectomy for primary liver cancer
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: May 2024

Background

Primary liver cancer has become a potent threat to the world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Up till now, liver transplantation is the most suggested treatment, but it is not feasible owing to the unavailability of donors and high cost. Hepatectomy provides an alternative treatment to this deadliest disease. Precision hepatectomy is performed with the aid of traditional two-dimensional technology and image processing such as computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. However, it requires extensive expertise and pose challenges to the young doctors in decision making. Modern imaging and computer technology has opened the new avenues in medical field with the advent of three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization methods.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a cohort retrospective study. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficacy and impacts of three-dimensional reconstruction on the preoperative planning of hepatectomy, intraoperative conditions, and postoperative complications. We took 95 patients and divided them in groups A and B. Group A has 67 patients who underwent hepatectomy before the application of three-dimensional reconstruction and 28 patients on whom hepatectomy was performed according to the planning and methods of three-dimensional reconstruction, and results were evaluated.

Results

Our study found that three-dimensional reconstruction can help in better diagnosis, resection planning, and reduce the postoperative complication. Results do not have significant difference (P > 0.05) on the incidence of postoperative complication between groups A and B. Results were significant (P < 0.05) for the intraoperative blood loss, optimal surgery time, and postoperative hospitalization.

Conclusions

Hence, three-dimensional reconstruction is a landmark discovery in medical sciences for the accurate evaluation and resection of complex liver cancers.
All the Better to Taste You With, My Dear
Authors: Holley-Mallo Ryan
Published: May 2024

Mammal bites account for over 5 million visits to Emergency Departments (EDs) annually. Nurse Practitioners (NPs) need to stay abreast of current guidelines, changes to antibiotic regimens that are now most effective, and understand in what circumstances collaboration with other specialists is indicated. It is not enough to care for the wound, itself, but rather understand in what presentations additional care may be needed despite the fact that there is no clear evidence at the time of evaluation of the need for advanced care. Additionally, NPs should understand what resources are available within their community for wound care that may exceed the scope and ability of the facility in which they practice. Health departments may need to be utilized in the care of ED patients who present with wounds that are suspicious for rabies. Finally understanding what constitutes a high, medium, and low risk bite will aide NPs in delivering optimal care within the communities they serve while also minimizing patient morbidity.
Intervention of CXCL5 attenuated neuroinflammation and promoted neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Leiyang , Zhou Jinpeng , Han Liying , Guo Chengxuan , Ma Shuoyao , Ge Shunnan , Qu Yan
Published: May 2024

Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibits a strong correlation with neurological impairment, which is a crucial target for improving the prognosis of TBI patients. The involvement of CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling in the regulation of neuroinflammation in brain injury models has been documented. Therefore, the effects of CXCL5 on post-TBI neuroinflammation and its potential mechanisms need to be explored. Following TBI, C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of a CXCL5 neutralizing antibody (Nab-CXCL5) (5 mg/kg, 2 times/day). Subsequently, the effects on neuroinflammation, nerve injury, and neurological function were assessed. Nab-CXCL5 significantly reduced the release of inflammatory factors, inhibited the formation of inflammatory microglia and astrocytes, and reduced the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in TBI mice. Additionally, this intervention led to a reduction in neuronal impairment and facilitated the restoration of sensorimotor abilities, as well as improvements in learning and memory functions. Peripheral administration of the Nab-CXCL5 to TBI mice could suppress neuroinflammation, reduce neurological damage, and improve neurological function. Our data suggest that neutralizing antibodies against CXCL5 (Nab-CXCL5) may be a promising agent for treating TBI.
An improved genome editing system for Sphingomonadaceae
Authors: García-Romero Inmaculada , de Dios Rubén , Reyes-Ramírez Francisca
Published: May 2024

The sphingomonads encompass a diverse group of bacteria within the family Sphingomonadaceae, with the presence of sphingolipids on their cell surface instead of lipopolysaccharide as their main common feature. They are particularly interesting for bioremediation purposes due to their ability to degrade or metabolise a variety of recalcitrant organic pollutants. However, research and development on their full bioremediation potential has been hampered because of the limited number of tools available to investigate and modify their genome. Here, we present a markerless genome editing method for Sphingopyxis granuli TFA, which can be further optimised for other sphingomonads. This procedure is based on a double recombination triggered by a DNA double-strand break in the chromosome. The strength of this protocol lies in forcing the second recombination rather than favouring it by pressing a counterselection marker, thus avoiding laborious restreaking or passaging screenings. Additionally, we introduce a modification with respect to the original protocol to increase the efficiency of the screening after the first recombination event. We show this procedure step by step and compare our modified method with respect to the original one by deleting ecfG2, the master regulator of the general stress response in S. granuli TFA. This adds to the genetic tool repertoire that can be applied to sphingomonads and stands as an efficient option for fast genome editing of this bacterial group.
Perivascular adipose tissue remodeling impairs vasoreactivity in thermoneutral-housed rats
Authors: Henckel Melissa M , Chun Ji Hye , Knaub Leslie A , Pott Gregory B , James Georgia E. , Hunter Kendall S , Shandas Robin , Walker Lori A , Reusch Jane E-B , Keller Amy C
Published: May 2024

Objective

Vascular pathology, characterized by impaired vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration, differs between the sexes. Housing rats under thermoneutral (TN) conditions causes vascular dysfunction and perturbed metabolism. We hypothesized that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a vasoregulatory adipose depot with brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype, remodels to a white adipose (WAT) phenotype in rats housed at TN, driving diminished vasoreactivity in a sex-dependent manner.

Methods

Male and female Wistar rats were housed at either room temperature (RT) or TN. Endpoints included changes in PVAT morphology, vasoreactivity in vessels with intact PVAT or transferred to PVAT of the oppositely-housed animal, vessel stiffness, vessel mitochondrial respiration and cellular signaling.

Results

Remodeling of PVAT was observed in rats housed at TN; animals in this environment showed PVAT whitening and displayed diminished aortae vasodilation (p<0.05), different between the sexes. Juxtaposing PVAT from RT rats onto aortae from TN rats in females corrected vasodilation (p<0.05); this did not occur in males. In aortae of all animals housed at TN, mitochondrial respiration was significantly diminished in lipid substrate experiments (p<0.05), and there was significantly less expression of peNOS (p<0.001).

Conclusions

These data are consistent with TN-induced remodeling of PVAT, notably associated with sex-specific blunting of vasoreactivity, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and altered cellular signaling.
Cytokinin-induced immunity enhances rice blast resistance
Authors: Chanclud Emilie , Kisiala Anna , Emery R.J. Neil , Mouille Grégory , Boutet Stéphanie , Romiti-Michel Corinne , Morel Jean-Benoit
Published: May 2024

Plant cytokinins (CKs) affect the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. However, despite many examples their role remains ambiguous. In rice, CKs act synergistically with salicylic acid (SA) to induce defense genesin vitrobut no effect on resistance against the blast fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae,was further observedin planta. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous CKs treatment triggers rice blast resistance in a molecule-, dose- and time-dependent manner by affecting defense- and CK-responsive genes. Similar enhanced resistance and gene expression patterns were confirmed in rice insertion mutant lines impaired for a gene that encodes a putative CK inactivation enzyme, supporting that endogenous CKs affect rice immunity. Together, our work brings insights on the CK-induced resistance of rice toM. oryzae.
NCBP1 electrophilic-stress signaling in the nucleus promotes alternatively-spliced S6K1 that dominantly inhibits global translation
Authors: Chang Dalu , Assari Mahdi , Suwathep Chananya , Sappakhaw Khomkrit , Uttamapinant Chayasith , Long Marcus. J. C. , Aye Yimon
Published: May 2024

Proteome synthesis is profoundly influenced by subcellular stress. However, both the nature of spatiotemporally-restricted cues and the underpinning local responders mediating these cues remain elusive. Unlocking these mechanisms requires an ability to functionally map in living cells locale-specific stress responders and simultaneously interrogate how a localized cue on specific local players contextually impacts proteome synthesisin trans. Here we resolve this prime problem by integrating precision localized electrophile delivery and genetic-code-expansion-based translation reporter tools. Among the four distinct subcellular locales examined, nuclear-targeted stress most prominently inhibits protein translation. We discovered that NCBP1—a nuclear-resident protein with multifaceted roles in eukaryotic mRNA-biogenesis—propagates this nuclear stress signal through a single cysteine (C436) among the 19 conserved, affecting 200 alternative-splicing events across 119 genes differentially-expressed in response to nuclear stress. Global protein-synthesis stall was choreographed by electrophile-labeled NCBP1(C436) triggering the production of alternatively-spliced S6-kinase, which we found to dominantly suppress protein translation.