bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present and Future Generation of Secondary Batteries: A Review
Authors: Hemavathi S. , Srirama Srinivas , Prakash A. S.
Published: December 2023

Major support for the future energy storage and application will benefit from lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and high power. LIBs are currently the most common battery type for most applications, but soon a broader range of battery types and higher energy densities will be available. In the near future, hundreds of millions of electric vehicles are expected to be on the road, and a large amount of cobalt will be depleted. Various kinds of batteries are developed today to store energy, including Li‐ion, lead‐acid, Ni‐MH, redox flow, Na‐ion, Mg‐ion, Li‐air, Al‐ion, Li/S, NC‐based batteries, Al‐based batteries, metal‐air batteries, solid‐state batteries, etc. There are several types of battery components, such as electrodes, electrolytes, separators, etc. Cell chemistry and component diversity will continue to increase with future generations of batteries. Next‐generation LIBs and sodium‐ion batteries are explored for their ability to reduce active ion loss and increase energy density by pre‐lithiation. To maximize the electrochemical system's performance, various scientific and technological approaches are needed to maximize the potential of battery chemistry.
Development of Porous Organic Polymers as Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for the Aromatization of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Debruyne Maarten , Raeymackers Nathan , Vrielinck Henk , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Breynaert Eric , Delaey Maxime , Laemont Andreas , Leus Karen , Everaert Jonas , Rijckaert Hannes , Poelman Dirk , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Stevens Christian V. , Heugebaert Thomas S. A.
Published: December 2023

Porous organic polymers (POPs), and especially covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), are being developed as the next generation of metal‐free heterogeneous photocatalysts. However, many of the current synthetic routes to obtain these photoactive POPs require expensive monomers and rely on precious metal catalysts, thus hindering their widespread implementation. In this work, a range of POPs was synthesized from simple unfunctionalized aromatic building blocks, through Lewis acid‐catalyzed polymerization. The obtained materials were applied, for the first time, as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the aromatization of N‐heterocycles. With the use of the most active material, denoted as CTF‐Pyr, which consists of photoactive pyrene and triazine moieties, a wide range of pyridines, dihydroquinoline‐5‐ones, tetrahydroacridine‐1,8‐diones and pyrazoles were obtained in excellent yields (70–99 %). Moreover, these reactions were carried out under very mild conditions using air and at room temperature, highlighting the potential of these materials as catalysts for green transformations.
A Proof‐of‐Concept Study on the Theranostic Potential of 177Lu‐labeled Biocompatible Covalent Polymer Nanoparticles for Cancer Targeted Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Chen Xijian , Tan Fuyuan , Liang Ranxi , Liao Jiali , Yang Jijun , Lan Tu , Yang Yuanyou , Liu Ning , Li Feize
Published: December 2023

Theranostic nanomedicine combined bioimaging and therapy probably rises more helpful and interesting opportunities for personalized medicine. In this work, 177Lu radiolabeling and surface PEGylation of biocompatible covalent polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have generated a new theranostic nanoformulation (177Lu‐DOTA‐PEG‐CPNs) for targeted diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The in vitro anticancer investigations demonstrate that 177Lu‐DOTA‐PEG‐CPNs possess excellent bonding capacity with breast cancer cells (4T1), inhibiting the cell viability, leading to cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and upregulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be attributed to the good targeting ability of the nanocarrier and the strong relative biological effect of the radionuclide labelled compound. Single photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and in vivo biodistribution based on 177Lu‐DOTA‐PEG‐CPNs reveal that notable radioactivity accumulation at tumor site in murine 4T1 models with both intravenous and intratumoral administration of the prepared radiotracer. Significant tumor inhibition has been observed in mice treated with 177Lu‐DOTA‐PEG‐CPNs, of which the median survival was highly extended. More strikingly, 50 % of mice intratumorally injected with 177Lu‐DOTA‐PEG‐CPNs was cured and showed no tumor recurrence within 90 days. The outcome of this work can provide new hints for traditional nanomedicines and promote clinical translation of 177Lu radiolabeled compounds efficiently.
Application of MXene‐Based Materials for Cathode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Geng Xianwei , Yang Li , Song Pengfei
Published: December 2023

The lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have a high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh ⋅ g−1 and have become the most promising high‐energy storage system for the next generation batteries technology. However, their applications are hindered by insulated feature and volume expansion of sulfur, as well as the “shuttle effect” of polysulfides. MXenes own metallic conductivity and strong ability of polysulfides adsorption. Besides, their unique two‐dimensional (2D) structure, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and adjustability are beneficial to overcome the drawbacks of the sulfur cathode. In this review, different mainstream preparation methods and excellent properties of MXenes are summarized. Significant achievements and recent progress of MXene‐based cathodes and interlayers applied to Li−S cathodes are concluded later. Finally, the challenges, possible solutions and potential applications of MXenes for Li−S batteries are also presented.
Belastungsgrenzen unserer Erde
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter
Published: December 2023

Der Weltklimarat IPCC hat sich in seinem sehr umfangreichen Sechsten Sachstandsbericht 2021/2022 mit dem Ausmaß und den Folgen der weiteren globalen Erwärmung bis Ende dieses Jahrhunderts verbunden mit notwendigen Maßnahmen befasst [1]. Aber nicht nur durch die globale Erwärmung, sondern auch in anderen Bereichen unseres Planeten werden durch Tätigkeiten des Menschen ökologische Belastungsgrenzen offenbar, die zunehmend zum bestimmenden Faktor für das Ökosystem der gesamten Erde werden. Dies verdeutlichen zum einen ein umfassender Bericht über Planetare Grenzen und zum anderen der jährliche Erdüberlastungstag.
Fabrication of TiO2/CNTs composite electrode with improved performance in capacitive deionization
Authors: Nguyen Thao Trang Le , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Ngo Hoang Long , Nguyen Thu Thao , Vo Quoc Khuong , Huynh Le Thanh Nguyen , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen
Published: December 2023

Many studies have shown that capacitance deionization (CDI) has great potential in salt‐water treatment, one of the issues of great concern in many countries, especially Vietnam. The electrode material in CDI is one of the essential factors contributing to the desalination efficiency of this technology, so it is of research interest. In this study, TiO2 and TiO2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized from the sol‐gel process and utilized as an electrode for desalination. The composite materials were intensively characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and thermal analysis. The electrochemical properties were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The fabricated TiO2/CNTs nanocomposite electrode consisting of 1% CNTs (electrode T1) exhibited remarkable capacitance, conductivity, and durability; thus, it was employed as an electrode for desalination. With this electrode T1, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of 17.5 mg g−1, together with the highest charge efficiency of 90%, was achieved. Therefore, TiO2/CNTs can be considered a suitable electrode candidate for CDI technology.
Impact of optical brightening agents on alkali‐based inks in packaging: A comparative study on color accuracy
Authors: Dhote Yash , Altay Bilge Nazli , Myers Bruce L. , Telhan Refik
Published: December 2023

Accurately assessing the color quality of printed products becomes intricate  when optical brightening agents (OBAs) are introduced in papers, as diverse interactions occur among different ink pigments and papers containing OBAs due to variations in ink formulation chemistries. Specifically, alkali‐based pigments, commonly used as spot colors, are carefully formulated to ensure consistency across production batches. The presence of OBAs, which absorb ultraviolet light and emit it in the visible spectrum, significantly affects  color perception and accuracy on paper when interacting with these inks. This research marks an initial investigation into how OBAs in paper influence the color accuracy of five distinct alkali‐based spot color paste inks using a Little Joe ink proofer. The research examines the physical, optical, and colorimetric  characteristics of two paper samples‐one with OBA and one without‐ and analyzes the colorimetric changes occurring during the ink drying process. The results indicate that reflex blue, purple, and violet spot colors achieved acceptable delta E (ΔE00) value of below 3 on non‐OBA paper, with rubine red being on the borderline at 3.1 after 48 h. In contrast, purple, rhodamine red and violet achieved acceptable ΔE00 below 3 on high OBA paper. The distinct behavior exhibited by certain inks led to the conclusion that achieving a consistent  proofing procedure across diverse alkali‐based ink formulations is impractical.
Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Nd‐Doped NaScGe Half‐Heusler Compound by Ab‐Initio Method
Authors: Belkharroubi Fadila , Belkilali Walid , Khelfaoui Friha , Boudahri Fethi , Zahraoui Mehdi , Belmiloud Nawal , Bentayeb Kader , Abdellah El Hadj Adel , Bennoui Radja Nour El Imene , Belbachir Raghed , Al‐Douri Y.
Published: December 2023

A comprehensive investigation is conducted on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of half‐Heusler NaScGe, which is doped with a rare earth element Nd with different concentrations. The Heusler Na1‐xNdxScGe (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1) compounds are thoroughly investigated. The examination encompassed structural, elastic, magnetic, and electronic characteristics using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method. Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used to calculate the structural parameters and electronic characteristics. The equilibrium lattice constant and band gap of half‐Heusler NaScGe are found to be in good accord with other data. The density of states (DOS) investigation has revealed a semiconductor behavior of half‐Heusler NaScGe and half‐metallic ferromagnetic properties of quaternary‐Heusler Na0.75Nd0.25ScGe, characterized by a moderate band gap in minority spin channel. In addition, the DOS analysis has shown that both ternary half‐Heusler NdScGe and QH Na0.25Nd0.75ScGe compounds have exhibited metallic ferromagnetic activity. The work has introduced a novel approach for producing half metals from the semiconductor half‐Heusler NaScGe. Quaternary‐Heusler Na0.75Nd0.25ScGe is identified as a promising material for applications spintronic.
Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Compounds by Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformation of H−P(O) Compounds: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Ding Kang , Su Bo
Published: December 2023

The synthesis of P‐stereogenic phosphorus compounds has gained considerable attention due to their wide applications across many research fields. Among the available strategies, transition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric transformation of pentavalent phosphoryl (H−P(O)) precursors is particularly appealing. This approach involves a direct C−P bond‐forming process, rendering it straightforward, and it employs readily available, bench‐stable H−P(O) reagents that are compatible with various metal catalysts. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in this field, with a primary focus on asymmetric C−P cross‐couplings and hydrophosphorylations. This Concept article provides a brief summary of recent progress, highlights existing challenges, and discusses future directions in this exciting area.
Some issues in the practical application of risk‐targeted ground motions
Authors: Baltzopoulos Georgios , Grella Antonio , Iervolino Iunio
Published: December 2023

Risk‐targeted spectra for seismic design have been proposed in earthquake engineering literature to harmonize seismic reliability for different structures designed at different sites. Such a proposal has been motivated by the fact that designing for uniform seismic hazard across building sites has been shown to generally lead to non‐uniform seismic risk. This note uses a case study implementation of the risk‐targeted design actions philosophy for seven Italian sites, to showcase two noteworthy practical issues with this otherwise appealing approach. First, at lower‐to‐moderate‐hazard sites, which may be the majority in a country, design against gravity loads and detailing according to minimum code requirements, can result in higher‐than‐anticipated overstrength, not commensurate with the adopted level of seismic design loads, thus deviating from the target reliability. This leaves only higher‐hazard sites with real margins for homogenization of reliability, which raises the bar. Second, risk‐targeted spectrum approaches typically require some a‐priori assumptions for structural fragility at low‐performance objectives, corresponding to alleged high damage. These assumptions, among others, carry an implicit adoption of shaking intensity measures with which to express fragility, whose lack of sufficiency and efficiency may in turn reduce the level of homogenization of risk that can be achieved.
Comparison of yield and properties of banana juice extracted by hot water extraction method and different enzymes and preparation of wine from the extracted juices
Authors: Dowerah Swapna S. , Das Arpita , Singla Mohit , Sit Nandan
Published: December 2023

The yield and properties of banana juice extracted by enzymatic pretreatments using different enzymes and were compared among themselves and with hot water extraction. The treatments that gave higher yield and better properties of the juices were used for winemaking and the properties of the wines were also compared. A comparison of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis was also done between the juices and the wines. The various treatments were hot water bath extraction and different enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pectinase, and viscozyme) at two concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%). Juice yield, total soluble sugars, pH, titrable acidity, reducing sugars, and transmittance were analyzed. Best results for juice recovery (46.44 ± 0.50%), total soluble solids (14.8 ± 0.01 °Brix), and transmittance (86.93 ± 2.68%) were achieved using pectinase (0.1%), while viscozyme (0.1%) yielded best results for viscosity (1.49 ± 0.09 mPa.s), pH (5.01 ± 0.05), and acidity (0.277 ± 0.01%). The banana juices from these treatments were then used for wine preparation, and the physicochemical parameters were monitored during a 30‐day storage period. Within 20 days during fermentation, a reduction in total soluble solids from 22 °Brix to 6.1 °Brix was observed. Juice from banana pulp can be successfully extracted using the enzymes pectinase and viscozyme, and wine can be prepared from the enzymatically extracted juices.
How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats
Authors: Levchenko lgor , Xu Shuyan , Baranov Oleg , Bazaka Kateryna
Published: December 2023

Inhospitable, inaccessible, and extremely remote alike the famed pole of inaccessibility, aka Point Nemo, the isolated locations in deserts, at sea, or in outer space are difficult for humans to settle, let alone to thrive in. Yet, they present a unique set of opportunities for science, economy, and geopolitics that are difficult to ignore. One of the critical challenges for settlers is the stable supply of energy both to sustain a reasonable quality of life, as well as to take advantage of the local opportunities presented by the remote environment, e.g., abundance of a particular resource. The possible solutions to this challenge are heavily constrained by the difficulty and prohibitive cost of transportation to and from such a habitat (e.g., a lunar or Martian base). In this essay, the advantages and possible challenges of integrating Fischer–Tropsch, artificial photosynthesis, and plasma catalysis into a robust, scalable, and efficient self‐contained system for energy harvesting, storage, and utilization are explored.
Impact of petroleum expulsion and evaporation losses on shale oil assessment using pyrolysis techniques
Authors: You Fuliang , Liu Guangdi , Song Zezhang , Sun Mingliang , Li Shixiang , Yang Weiwei , An Cheng , Li Chaozheng , Li Yishu
Published: December 2023

Shale reservoirs contain petroleum that undergoes losses through oil expulsion and evaporation, with uncertain implications on shale oil reserves and mobility evaluation. This study focuses on understanding the influence of these losses on open‐system pyrolysis, the primary method for assessing shale oil content and mobility. Comprehensive analyses were performed on 26 lacustrine shale samples from the Chang7 Member, encompassing total organic carbon (TOC), programmed pyrolysis, solvent extraction, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The research examines the impact of petroleum losses on petroleum fractions, the oil saturation index (OSI), and multi‐step pyrolysis outcomes. The findings indicate that Chang7 shale with TOC content above 7% experiences more substantial petroleum losses than those with TOC below 7%. Petroleum losses result in significant fractional distillation of crude oil in the shale, leading to the deterioration of shale oil properties and a notable reduction in free oil content in S1, ultimately causing a decline in OSI values. As a result, Chang7 shale with TOC below 7% demonstrates a higher potential for shale oil recovery, whereas Chang7 shale with TOC exceeding 7% should be considered more significant as a hydrocarbon source rock. Moreover, multi‐step pyrolysis is not suitable for assessing petroleum mobility in shale with low free oil content (OSI values below 100 mg/g). This limitation arises from the loss of free low‐boiling components in Chang7 shale, and the currently detected low‐boiling pyrolysis products may predominantly exist in an adsorbed state.
Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pansa Camila C. , Molica Letícia R. , de Oliveira Júnior Fabiano C. , Santello Lara C. , Moraes Karen C. M.
Published: December 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β‐oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
Curcumin protects against lamotrigine‐induced chronic ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats by regulating PPAR‐γ and ROS production
Authors: Rezk Meriam N. N. , Ahmed Sabreen Mahmoud , Gaber Shereen S. , Mohammed Mostafa M. , Yousri Nada A. , Welson Nermeen N.
Published: December 2023

Lamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug with possible adverse effects on the female reproductive system. Curcumin was declared to improve ovarian performance. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify ovulatory dysfunction (OD) associated with LTG and the role of curcumin in ameliorating this dysfunction. Adult female Wister albino rats were assigned into four groups: negative control (received saline), positive control (received curcumin only), LTG, and LTG with curcumin groups. Drugs were administered for 90 days. The hormonal profile, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone, in addition to the lipid profile and glycemic analysis, were tested. Oxidative stress biomarkers analysis in the ovaries and uterus and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) gene expression were also included. Histopathological examination of ovarian and uterine tissues and immunohistochemical studies were also performed. Curcumin could improve the OD related to chronic LTG intake. That was proved by the normalization of the hormonal profile, glycemic control, lipidemic status, oxidative stress markers, and PPAR‐γ gene expression. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of ovarian and uterine tissues revealed an improvement after curcumin administration. The results describe an obvious deterioration in ovarian performance with LTG through the effect on lipidemic status, PPAR‐γ gene, and creating an oxidative stress condition in the ovaries of chronic users, with a prominent improvement with curcumin addition to the treatment protocol.
Exploring colorant production by amazonian filamentous fungi: Stability and applications
Authors: Oliveira Luciana A. , Sanches Michele A. , Segundo Walter O. P. F. , Santiago Paulo A. L. , Lima Rodrigo Q. , Cortez Ana C. A. , Souza Érica S. , Lima Maria P. , Lima Emerson S. , Koolen Hector H. F. , Dufossé Laurent , Souza João V. B.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the production, stability and applicability of colorants produced by filamentous fungi isolated from soil samples from the Amazon. Initially, the isolates were evaluated in a screening for the production of colorants. The influences of cultivation and nutritional conditions on the production of colorants by fungal isolates were investigated. The colorants produced by selected fungal isolates were chemically characterized using the Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry technique. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, stability evaluation and applicability of the colorants were investigated. As results, we observed that the isolates Penicillium sclerotiorum P3SO224, Clonostachys rosea P2SO329 and Penicillium gravinicasei P3SO332 stood out since they produced the most intense colorants. Compounds produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum P3SO224 and Clonostachys rosea P2SO329 were identified as sclerotiorin and penicillic acid. The colorant fraction (EtOAc) produced by these species has antimicrobial activity, stability at temperature and at different pHs, stability when exposure to light and UV, and when exposed to different concentrations of salts, as well as being nontoxic and having the ability to dye fabrics and be used as a pigment in creams and soap. Considering the results found in this study, it was concluded that fungi from the soil in the Amazon have the potential to produce colorants with applications in the textile and pharmaceutical industries.
The state of the art on self‐perceived employability
Authors: Duggal Harshleen Kaur , Lim Weng Marc , Khatri Puja , Thomas Asha , Shiva Atul
Published: December 2023

Amidst the continual volatility in the labor market and heightened uncertainty about the future, it is imperative for students to be confident in their employability skills to navigate their careers seamlessly. Self‐perceived employability (SPE) instills in students the confidence needed to pursue their desired career paths, showcase resilience, and effectively market themselves to employers in an ever‐changing business environment. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and systematic review of the existing literature, synthesizing the insights from 88 relevant articles in Web of Science Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) through a structured framework that delineates the key antecedents, decisions, and outcomes related to SPE. This framework also encompasses underlying theories, contexts, and methodologies of study. While we highlight a plethora of research gaps, the most glaring is the inadequate conceptual development. Current theoretical approaches often lack a student‐focused perspective, sidelining critical modern viewpoints that could deepen our understanding of SPE. We advocate for richer operational definitions and introduce a blueprint of dimensions poised to nurture the evolution of such metrics. Additionally, we propose sophisticated methods to elevate the empirical exploration of the construct, ensuring a rigorous foundation for upcoming research. We further discuss potential antecedents, outcomes, and contexts, offering them as focal points for future investigative pursuits. Ultimately, our research offers invaluable insights to higher education professionals, illuminating strategies to bolster employability confidence in students, ensuring they are fully prepared for the workforce.
Analysis of changes in volatile compounds and evolution in free fatty acids, free amino acids, nucleotides, and microbial diversity in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fillets during cold storage
Authors: Cheng Hao , Mei Jun , Xie Jing
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Aquatic products are rich in nutrients and unique in flavor, and are popular among the public. However, aquatic products are extremely susceptible to quality degradation during storage, of which odor deterioration is the most obvious and influential aspect. Odor deterioration in aquatic products is widespread and severely affects overall flavor and quality. In this study, odor deterioration and flavor‐related quality degradation of tilapia during cold storage are discussed, focusing on the changes in volatile compounds and the evolution of free fatty acids (FFAs), free amino acids (FAAs), nucleotides, and microbial diversity.

RESULTS

A total of 63 volatile compounds were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, including 11 hydrocarbons, 10 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 6 esters, 9 aromatics, 3 phenols, and 10 other compounds. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, Vagococcus, and Myroides were the main dominant species of tilapia at the end of cold storage and predicted that microorganisms could influence the flavor of tilapia by participating in important metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, the evolution of FFAs, FAAs, and nucleotides also had a significant impact on odor deterioration, as evidenced by the contribution of unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid and linoleic acid), Lys, and off‐flavor nucleotides (HxR and Hx) to the undesirable flavor. Oxidation of oleic acid and linoleic acid resulted in changes in aldehydes, with Lys, HxR, and Hx being key flavor precursors and off‐flavor contributors.

CONCLUSION

This study contributes to a comprehensive overview of odor deterioration and the evolution of flavor‐related quality in tilapia during cold storage, providing new insights into the regulation of overall flavor and quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of an Automated Ultrasound Signal Indicator of Lung Interstitial Syndrome
Authors: Khokhlova Tatiana D. , Thomas Gilles P. , Hall Jane , Steinbock Kyle , Thiel Jeff , Cunitz Bryan W. , Bailey Michael R. , Anderson Layla , Kessler Ross , Hall M. Kennedy , Adedipe Adeyinka A.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The number and distribution of lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging artifacts termed B‐lines correlate with the presence of acute lung disease such as infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pulmonary edema. Detection and interpretation of B‐lines require dedicated training and is machine and operator‐dependent. The goal of this study was to identify radio frequency (RF) signal features associated with B‐lines in a cohort of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. A quantitative signal indicator could then be used in a single‐element, non‐imaging, wearable, automated lung ultrasound sensor (LUSS) for continuous hands‐free monitoring of lung fluid.

Methods

In this prospective study a 10‐zone LUS exam was performed in 16 participants, including 12 patients admitted with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (mean age 60 ± 12 years) and 4 healthy controls (mean age 44 ± 21). Overall,160 individual LUS video clips were recorded. The LUS exams were performed with a phased array probe driven by an open‐platform ultrasound system with simultaneous RF signal collection. RF data were analyzed offline for candidate B‐line indicators based on signal amplitude, temporal variability, and frequency spectrum; blinded independent review of LUS images for the presence or absence of B‐lines served as ground truth. Predictive performance of the signal indicators was determined with receiving operator characteristic (ROC) analysis with k‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

Two RF signal features—temporal variability of signal amplitude at large depths and at the pleural line—were strongly associated with B‐line presence. The sensitivity and specificity of a combinatorial indicator were 93.2 and 58.5%, respectively, with cross‐validated area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.80–0.94).

Conclusion

A combinatorial signal indicator for use with single‐element non‐imaging LUSS was developed to facilitate continuous monitoring of lung fluid in patients with respiratory illness.
Core microbiota play important roles in maintaining soil multi‐nutrient cycling in lakeshore wetland of plateau lake Caohai
Authors: Sun Caili , Qiu Mosheng , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Yiwei
Published: December 2023

Microorganisms play important roles in soil biogeochemical processes, but the relative contributions of different microbial members in soil nutrient cycling and community maintenance are unclear especially in wetland soils with water‐level fluctuation. Here, soil samples, collected from severe inundation zone (SIZ), wet–dry cycling zone (WIZ), and arid zone (NIZ) of the lakeshore wetland of plateau lake Caohai, were used to investigate the relative contributions of core and rare taxa in maintaining nutrient cycling and their associations with microbial network. Results showed that WIZ exhibited higher extracellular enzyme activities including β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase, L‐leucine aminopeptidase, and acid phosphatase, the level of multi‐nutrient cycling and core microbial diversity compared with the NIZ and SIZ. The values of topological features (i.e., links, average degree, clustering coefficient, and graph density) were also higher in the WIZ compared with the NIZ and SIZ. Moreover, the core taxa, specifically their community structures, were the most important driver for multi‐nutrient cycles of wetland soil. Among these taxa,Sphingomonas,Bradyrhizobium,Mortierella, andFusariumas the most abundant taxa in lakeshore wetlands were significantly positively correlated with most extracellular enzymes. By contrast, rare taxa showed higher degree and its subnetwork complexity than those of core taxa, which potentially serve as the species pool of core taxa to maintaining the microbial community stability. In conclusion, our study suggested that core taxa play dominant roles in soil nutrient cycles, while rare microbiota could greatly influence microbial interaction under hydrological changes.
Construction of a Decellularized Multicomponent Extracellular Matrix Interpenetrating Network Scaffold by Gelatin Microporous Hydrogel 3D Cell Culture System
Authors: Shi Junli , Yao Hang , Wang Bowen , Yang Jian , Liu Dianwei , Shang Xianfeng , Chong Hui , Fei Wenyong , Wang Dong‐An
Published: December 2023

Interface tissue repair requires the construction of biomaterials with integrated structures of multiple protein types. Hydrogels that modulate internal porous structures provide a 3D microenvironment for encapsulated cells, making them promise for interface tissue repair. Currently, reduction of intrinsic immunogenicity and increase of bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion are issues to be considered in these materials. In this study, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel is used to encapsulate chondrocytes and construct a phase transition 3D cell culture system (PTCC) by utilizing the thermosensitivity of gelatin microspheres to create micropores within the hydrogel. The types of bioactive extracellular matrix protein formation by chondrocytes encapsulated in hydrogels are investigated in vitro. After 28 days of culture, GelMA PTCC forms an extracellular matrix predominantly composed of collagen type II, collagen type I, and fibronectin. After decellularization, the protein types and mechanical properties are well preserved, fabricating a decellularized tissue‐engineered extracellular matrix and GelMA hydrogel interpenetrating network hydrogel (dECM‐GelMA IPN) consisting of GelMA hydrogel as the first‐level network and the ECM secreted by chondrocytes as the second‐level network. This material has the potential to mediate the repair and regeneration of tendon–bone interface tissues with multiple protein types.
Identification of ATAD3A as a key regulator in non‐small cell lung cancer by promoting STAT3‐induced cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Jiang Tao , Li Ning , Xu Hao , Sun Li , Zhang Ying , Luo Qian , Yang Li
Published: December 2023

Malignant proliferation and abundant angiogenesis are major causes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the exploration of the key regulatory mechanisms of malignant proliferation and angiogenesis in LUAD provides an opportunity for the development of targeted precision therapy. In this study, we found that the high expression of ATPase family AAA domain‐containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) in LUAD was positively associated with the poor survival of patients, while its high expression was positively associated with the angiogenesis of LUAD. Further knockdown of ATAD3A in LUAD significantly inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, FGF‐2, ANG‐1, and TGF‐β. The opposite effect was observed with ATAD3A overexpression. Furthermore, ATAD3A knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in an in vivo subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. Mechanistic studies suggest that ATAD3A may promote signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, a key signal regulating lung cancer cell proliferation and transcriptional secretion of proangiogenic factors. Therefore, targeted inhibition of ATAD3A may be an effective strategy for LUAD therapy, and ATAD3A may be a potential biomarker for predicting malignant progression.
Surface Modification of Lignite with Alkyl and Mixed Alkyl‐Aryl Films Generated from an Aryl Diazonium Salt and Alkyl Halides: Experimental Results and Theoretical Analyses
Authors: Hasani Msc. Gentiana , Berisha Avni , Hetemi. Dardan , Decorse Philippe , Pinson Jean , Podvorica Fetah I.
Published: December 2023

In search of new possible uses of cheap lignite from the Kosova Bassin, the surface of lignite powders is modified with alkyl or mixed alkyl‐aryl layers. Modification is performed in aqueous acid solution containing an aryl diazonium salt and an alkyl halide compound in millimolar concentration, in the presence of potassium iodide as a reducing agent at equimolar concentration. Attachment of alkyl films substituted with carboxylic groups and aryl films with nitro or bis‐trifluoromethyl groups is characterized by IRATR and XPS spectroscopy. The formation of a stable interface during the grafting reactions of alkyl and aryl moieties with lignite surface has been confirmed by theoretical calculations. Aryl diazonium salts once chemically or spontaneously reduced are a source of aryl radicals, able to attach chemically to the material surface or to react with alkyl halides by abstracting the halogen atom. If the aryl diazonium salts are unable to graft to the coal surface due to steric hindrance, they can, nevertheless, abstract an iodine or bromine atom to generate alkyl radicals that react with the material surface.
Pain management considerations in patients living with both pain syndromes and cardiovascular diseases and disorders
Authors: Leppien Emily E. , Pauling Erin E. , Smith Eric , Wisniewski Brady , Carpenter Abigayle , Schwier Nicholas C.
Published: December 2023

Concomitant pain syndromes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and disorders are associated with significant morbidity, impaired quality of life, and neuropsychiatric disorders. There is an interplay between the mechanisms of pathophysiology of both CVD and pain syndromes. Patients with CVD (and/or disorders) as well as pain syndromes have an increased propensity for drug–drug/disease interactions. Therefore, an understanding of how to use pharmacotherapy to treat pain syndromes, in the context of patients who have diagnoses of CVD and/or disorders, is paramount to patients' success in achieving adequate pain control and appropriately managing CVD and/or disorders, all while decreasing the risk of adverse events (AEs) both from pharmacotherapy to treat pain and CVD (and/or disorders). Based on the appraisal of literature and authors' clinical expertise, it was determined that gabapentinoids, opioids, skeletal muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, clonidine, serotonin norepinephrine‐reuptake inhibitors, dronabinol, carbamazepine, second‐generation antipsychotics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, aspirin, corticosteroids, and topical anesthetics have the most evidence for use in patients with CVD and/or disorders. However, the literature surrounding the use of pharmacotherapy for pain management is limited to retrospective studies and there is a lack of well‐designed, prospective, randomized trials; this also includes head‐to‐head comparator studies. Unlike many CVD‐related pharmacotherapy studies, data studying pain management in patients with CVD lacks standardized outcomes that are consistent among the pool of data. Overall, the decision to prescribe specific pain management therapies in patients with CVD and/or disorders should include assessment of pain severity, type of pain, drug–drug/disease interactions, adjuvant therapies required, and the risk or presence of AEs.
Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution
Authors: Price Lily , Garrity Lisa , Stiehl Sarah
Published: December 2023

Study Objective

Recent studies suggest rapid administration of high‐dose, undiluted levetiracetam is safe in adults; however, no information exists in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution.

Design

Retrospective, single‐center, cohort study.

Setting

Pediatric Academic Medical Center.

Patients

All patients who received high‐dose >60 mg/kg (‒10%) up to 4500 mg undiluted or diluted intravenous levetiracetam were included.

Intervention

Rapid intravenous administration of undiluted versus diluted levetiracetam.

Measurements and Main Results

A total of 776 levetiracetam doses were included, 358 doses administered and 418 doses wasted. The doses administered (61 undiluted and 297 diluted) accounted for a total of 252 patients (39 received undiluted, and 213 received diluted levetiracetam) (median [minimum–maximum range] age, 2 years [1 day to 32.7 years]; mean (standard deviation [SD]) weight, 20.1 kg [22.1 kg]). The incidence of hemodynamic disturbances and infusion‐related reactions was not statistically significant between undiluted (24.6%) and diluted (26.3%) groups (p = 0.87). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time difference between first‐line antiseizure medication and levetiracetam administration in patients with status epilepticus was 18 min (10.5–30.5) in the undiluted group versus 36.5 min (21.8–67.3) in the diluted group (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant amount of drug waste from dispensed but not administered doses of the diluted bag compared to undiluted vials (57.6% diluted vs. 18.7% undiluted, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Undiluted levetiracetam was not associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects compared to diluted levetiracetam in high‐doses, up to 4500 mg given over 5 min in pediatric patients.
“Focus on sales by developing something unique”
Authors: Castelo Antonio
Published: December 2023

EPIC's technology manager Antonio Castelo met Bjorn Andersen from a Danish developer of novel polymer optical fiber sensor systems.
A decade of change: The evolution of pharmacy services at U.S. cystic fibrosis centers
Authors: Grube Paige M. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Kormelink Lauren N. , Young David C. , Zobell Jeffery T. , Bhakta Zubin N. , Schadler Aric D. , Kuhn Robert J.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) require a multidisciplinary care team due to disease complexity. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) notes that pharmacists are recommended, while other organizations consider pharmacists required. In 2016, the CFF initiated a grant program for CFF‐accredited care centers and affiliate programs (CFF‐ACCAP) to implement outpatient pharmacy services. The primary objective of this study was to compare surveys regarding pharmacy involvement in CFF‐ACCAP pre‐ and post‐grant implementation.

Methods

This was an IRB‐approved, survey‐based study. The surveys were distributed via the CF pharmacist‐pharmacy technician and center director e‐mail exchanges.

Results

There are currently 244 CFF‐ACCAP and 158 pharmacists. Forty‐two pharmacists completed the 2013 survey and 77 completed the 2023 survey. Practice site shifted from primarily the inpatient (58.5%) to outpatient settings (67.5%; p < .001). Most positions were created in the past 7 years (81%) with 50% currently or previously funded by the CFF grant program. CFF center director response decreased from 2013 to 2023 (106 vs. 48) but centers with a dedicated CF pharmacist increased from 2013 to 2023 (66%–86%; p = .014). In the 2023 survey, we received responses from 17 pharmacy technicians, who were newly included. Most of these technicians (64%) reported working in outpatient clinics.

Conclusions

Since 2013, pharmacy presence has grown at CFF‐ACCAP, partly due to the CFF grant program. Despite pharmacists not being required members of the multidisciplinary care team, their presence is notable in 65% of CFF‐ACCAP centers, where they contribute significantly to improving the care provided for pwCF.
Study of extractables and leachables of non‐polyvinyl chloride soft infusion bags from different batches by analytical assessment threshold screening
Authors: Lu Zheng , Sun Xuechun , Debraha Augustine Atta , Du Zhenxia
Published: December 2023

This study utilized ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques to analyze multiple batches of non‐polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft bags exposed to three extractants. Based on an established library of relative response factors for more than 30 different polymer additives, analytical evaluation thresholds for large volume injectables were determined, and 30 extractables were screened and (semi‐)quantitatively analyzed. To identify variations in extractables between batches, multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis, heat map analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed. Additionally, a comprehensive risk assessment of extractables and a biosafety assessment of leachables were conducted. The results of the study revealed that the concentrations of two extractables exceeded the established safety threshold. Moreover, one of these extractables was deemed to pose a mutagenic risk based on the consistent findings of two (Q)SAR software tools. Notably, certain extractables exhibited discrepancies in their content between batches, with particular emphasis on 1,3‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)‐1,3,5‐triazinane‐2,4,6‐trione. This discrepancy led to inconsistencies in risk levels across batches. However, the levels of leachables detected in the non‐PVC soft bags were found to be within the safety threshold, and cytotoxicity assessments consistently yielded negative results for leachables. Consequently, this study provides valuable data for conducting batch stability investigations concerning extractables in large volume parenteral drug delivery containers and other forms of pharmaceutical packaging.
Bacterial biostimulants for climate smart agriculture practices: Mode of action, effect on plant growth and roadmap for commercial products
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Kaur Sehijpreet , Bhullar Sukhveer S. , Singh Hardeep , Sharma Lakesh K.
Published: December 2023

Amidst the global food shortage and the global climate change challenge, there is an urgent need to double food production by 2050. However, the modern crop production methods, including the use of fertilizers and pesticides, have adverse environmental consequences, exacerbating the climate crisis. To address this challenge, a transition to sustainable agriculture is imperative that can harmonize the issue. Biostimulants offer an eco‐friendly solution, especially bacterial biostimulants centred on plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). These biostimulants hold the promise of offering environmentally sustainable solutions to enhance crop productivity. The adoption of PGPR‐based biostimulants in agriculture has gained significant momentum in agricultural research. PGPRs enhance plant growth through multifaceted mechanisms. This review delves into the various modes of action employed by PGPRs to improve plant growth, including their impact on nutrient availability (such as nitrogen fixation and mineral solubilization) and stress mitigation. In addition, the practical implication of PGPR strains in field research has been discussed extensively. Besides, the review outlines the roadmap for commercializing PGPR‐based biostimulants and discusses the associated challenges and limitations. A balanced perspective on the practical implementation of PGPRs in modern agriculture is presented. Exploration of future strategies and directions rounds out the review, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive approach to address research gaps and unlock the full potential of PGPR‐based biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, this review underscores the applicability of PGPR‐based biostimulants as an innovative solution to address the current food crisis in the context of climate change.