bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing ICT Services in a Low-Resource Development Context
Authors: Bon Anna , Akkermans Hans , Gordijn Jaap
Published: January 2017

Despite an urgent need for social and technological innovation to improve wellbeing of people and communities in poor regions of the world, information and communications technology (ICT) service delivery has not yet been very successful in regions with low levels of literacy, poor infrastructures, and limited purchasing power. High rates of failure, reported in various studies, point at a frequent mismatch between deployed technologies and local needs and contexts. Still, no practical field-validated methodologies for ICT service innovation in low-resource development contexts have been proposed that offer adequate ways to meet local needs and contexts and assess sustainability before deployment. This article outlines a framework for development of ICT services in low-resource development contexts, covering the full lifecycle of ICT service innovation. This framework is based on extensive field research, and shows how a collaborative, adaptive, and iterative methodology can address a set of key sociotechnical concerns and issues widely encountered in developing and emerging countries.
Differential methylation between ethnic sub-groups reflects the effect of genetic ancestry and environmental exposures
Authors: Galanter Joshua M , Gignoux Christopher R , Oh Sam S , Torgerson Dara , Pino-Yanes Maria , Thakur Neeta , Eng Celeste , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Farber Harold J , Avila Pedro C , Brigino-Buenaventura Emerita , LeNoir Michael A , Meade Kelly , Serebrisky Denise , Rodríguez-Cintrón William , Kumar Rajesh , Rodríguez-Santana Jose R , Seibold Max A , Borrell Luisa N , Burchard Esteban G , Zaitlen Noah
Published: January 2017

Populations are often divided categorically into distinct racial/ethnic groups based on social rather than biological constructs. Genetic ancestry has been suggested as an alternative to this categorization. Herein, we typed over 450,000 CpG sites in whole blood of 573 individuals of diverse Hispanic origin who also had high-density genotype data. We found that both self-identified ethnicity and genetically determined ancestry were each significantly associated with methylation levels at 916 and 194 CpGs, respectively, and that shared genomic ancestry accounted for a median of 75.7% (IQR 45.8% to 92%) of the variance in methylation associated with ethnicity. There was a significant enrichment (p=4.2×10-64) of ethnicity-associated sites amongst loci previously associated environmental exposures, particularly maternal smoking during pregnancy. We conclude that differential methylation between ethnic groups is partially explained by the shared genetic ancestry but that environmental factors not captured by ancestry significantly contribute to variation in methylation.
The synaptonemal complex has liquid crystalline properties and spatially regulates meiotic recombination factors
Authors: Rog Ofer , Köhler Simone , Dernburg Abby F
Published: January 2017

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a polymer that spans ~100 nm between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Its striated, periodic appearance in electron micrographs led to the idea that transverse filaments within this structure ‘crosslink’ the axes of homologous chromosomes, stabilizing their pairing. SC proteins can also form polycomplexes, three-dimensional lattices that recapitulate the periodic structure of SCs but do not associate with chromosomes. Here we provide evidence that SCs and polycomplexes contain mobile subunits and that their assembly is promoted by weak hydrophobic interactions, indicative of a liquid crystalline phase. We further show that in the absence of recombination intermediates, polycomplexes recapitulate the dynamic localization of pro-crossover factors during meiotic progression, revealing how the SC might act as a conduit to regulate chromosome-wide crossover distribution. Properties unique to liquid crystals likely enable long-range signal transduction along meiotic chromosomes and underlie the rapid evolution of SC proteins.
Streptomyces exploration is triggered by fungal interactions and volatile signals
Authors: Jones Stephanie E , Ho Louis , Rees Christiaan A , Hill Jane E , Nodwell Justin R , Elliot Marie A
Published: January 2017

It has long been thought that the life cycle of Streptomyces bacteria encompasses three developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Here, we show interactions between Streptomyces and fungi trigger a previously unobserved mode of Streptomyces development. We term these Streptomyces cells ‘explorers’, for their ability to adopt a non-branching vegetative hyphal conformation and rapidly transverse solid surfaces. Fungi trigger Streptomyces exploratory growth in part by altering the composition of the growth medium, and Streptomyces explorer cells can communicate this exploratory behaviour to other physically separated streptomycetes using an airborne volatile organic compound (VOC). These results reveal that interkingdom interactions can trigger novel developmental behaviours in bacteria, here, causing Streptomyces to deviate from its classically-defined life cycle. Furthermore, this work provides evidence that VOCs can act as long-range communication signals capable of propagating microbial morphological switches.
Social and environmental factors modulate leucocyte profiles in free-living Greylag geese (Anser anser)
Authors: Frigerio Didone , Ludwig Sonja C. , Hemetsberger Josef , Kotrschal Kurt , Wascher Claudia A.F.
Published: January 2017

Background

Blood parameters such as haematocrit or leucocyte counts are indicators of immune status and health, which can be affected, in a complex way, by exogenous as well as endogenous factors. Additionally, social context is known to be among the most potent stressors in group living individuals, therefore potentially influencing haematological parameters. However, with few exceptions, this potential causal relationship received only moderate scientific attention.

Methods

In a free-living and individually marked population of the highly social and long-lived Greylag goose,Anser anser, we relate variation in haematocrit (HCT), heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L) and blood leucocyte counts to the following factors: intrinsic (sex, age, raising condition, i.e. goose- or hand-raised), social (pair-bond status, pair-bond duration and parental experience) and environmental (biologically relevant periods, ambient temperature) factors. Blood samples were collected repeatedly from a total of 105 focal birds during three biologically relevant seasons (winter flock, mating season, summer).

Results

We found significant relationships between haematological parameters and social as well as environmental factors. During the mating season, unpaired individuals had higher HCT compared to paired and family individuals and this pattern reversed in fall. Similarly, H/L ratio was positively related to pair-bond status in a seasonally dependent way, with highest values during mating and successful pairs had higher H/L ratio than unsuccessful ones. Also, absolute number of leucocytes tended to vary depending on raising condition in a seasonally dependent way.

Discussion

Haematology bears a great potential in ecological and behavioural studies on wild vertebrates. In sum, we found that HTC, H/L ratio and absolute number of leucocytes are modulated by social factors and conclude that they may be considered valid indicators of individual stress load.
Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Aragon Alan , Wilborn Colin , Urbina Stacie L. , Hayward Sara E. , Krieger James
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (>1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25 g protein and 1 g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of three weekly sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed with three sets of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute the contention of a narrow post-exercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was consumed.
Impact of birth weight and postnatal diet on the gut microbiota of young adult guinea pigs
Authors: Al Kait , Sarr Ousseynou , Dunlop Kristyn , Gloor Gregory B. , Reid Gregor , Burton Jeremy , Regnault Timothy R.H.
Published: January 2017

Background

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is essential to metabolic health, and the prevalence of the Western diet (WD) high in fat and sugar is increasing, with evidence highlighting a negative interaction between the GIT and WD, resulting in liver dysfunction. Additionally, an adversein uteroenvironment such as placental insufficiency resulting in low birth weight (LBW) offspring, contributes to an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as fatty liver infiltration and liver dysfunction in later life. We sought to understand the potential interactive effects of exposure to a WD upon growing LBW offspring. We postulated that LBW offspring when challenged with a poor postnatal diet, would display an altered microbiota and more severe liver metabolic dysfunction.

Methods

The fecal microbiota of normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW young guinea pig offspring, weaned onto either a control diet (CD) or WD was determined with 16S rRNA gene next generation sequencing at young adulthood following the early rapid growth phase after weaning. A liver blood chemistry profile was also performed.

Results

The life-long consumption of WD following weaning into young adulthood resulted in increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase levels in association with an altered GIT microbiota when compared to offspring consuming CD. Neither birth weight nor sex were associated with any significant changes in microbiota alpha diversity, by measuring the Shannon’s diversity index. One hundred forty-eight operational taxonomic units were statistically distinct between the diet groups, independent of birth weight. In the WD group, significant decreases were detected inBarnesiella, Methanobrevibacter smithiiand relatives ofOscillospira guillermondii, whileButyricimonasandBacteroides spp.were increased.

Discussion

These results describe the GIT microbiota in a guinea pig model of LBW and WD associated metabolic syndrome and highlight several WD specific GIT alterations associated with human metabolic disease.
Empregabilidade Profissional: O Secretariado Executivo em Foco na Amazônia Setentrional
Authors: Rodrigues Antônia Aline , Rosa Jaqueline Silva , Ferko Geórgia Patricia Silva , Melo Marta Margareth Braid
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar as dificuldades encontradas por profissionais de Secretariado Executivo, concernentes a sua inserção no mercado de trabalho na cidade de Boa Vista, estado de Roraima, na Amazônia setentrional. Para tanto, fez-se um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais de Secretariado Executivo e gestores de Recursos Humanos. Após a análise de dados, verificou-se que as dificuldades de inserção no mercado de trabalho para esses profissionais são as seguintes: escassez de vagas no setor privado em Roraima; baixa remuneração à profissão; ausência de reconhecimento e desconhecimento das atribuições por parte dos gestores, os quais indicam a polivalência como garantia de empregabilidade aos profissionais de Secretariado Executivo. Vê-se uma lacuna nas duas visões, pois para os profissionais de Secretariado Executivo, só a polivalência não é garantia de empregabilidade.
Encontro Nacional Acadêmico de Secretariado Executivo - ENASEC: Um Estudo Bibliométrico
Authors: Monteiro Caroline , Crotti Katiane , Santos Carla
Published: January 2017

Considera-se o Encontro Nacional Acadêmico de Secretariado Executivo - Enasec um evento bastante relevante ao Secretariado Executivo por permitir a discussão de temas da área secretarial, a partir do viés acadêmico promovido pela Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa em Secretariado (ABPSEC). Por isso, este estudo, de abordagem quantitativa, possui como objetivo geral: analisar bibliometricamente a produção científica dos autores nos anais do Enasec, categorizando-as por grupos de trabalho. E como objetivos específicos: identificar as áreas de concentração das produções científicas; verificar a evolução do número de publicações por grupo de trabalho; levantar o número de ocorrências dos termos relacionados à área secretarial; e levantar a reincidência de publicações por instituição nas produções científicas, dos trabalhos completos, nos anais do Enasec. Nesse contexto, tem como questionamento: quais as possibilidades de linha de pesquisa em secretariado executivo, com base nas produções científicas publicadas nos anais do Enasec nas quatro edições do evento? Concluiu-se que não é possível inferir sobre as linhas de pesquisas devido ao pequeno número de publicações existentes no evento. Ainda, verifica-se que, para que a área de secretariado se consolide como ciência, produções precisam ser estimuladas.
A Importância da Língua Portuguesa na Matriz Curricular dos Cursos Superiores de Secretariado Executivo
Authors: Souza Katia Cristina de , Galvão Mariana Sabino Petean
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a oferta da disciplina da Língua Portuguesa e correlatas na matriz curricular dos cursos superiores de Secretariado Executivo oferecidos na modalidade bacharelado. Conforme previsto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) preestabelecidas pelo Ministério da Educação, o profissional de Secretariado Executivo deve ter o domínio de, pelo menos, uma língua estrangeira; devendo, igualmente, obter condições de ensino-aprendizagem que propiciem o aprofundamento da língua nacional. Entretanto, o que constatamos nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos oferecidos em âmbito nacional é a ênfase ao ensino de línguas estrangeiras e a redução da carga horária para as disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e correlatas. Desse modo, aspiramos demonstrar, por meio de pesquisas exploratória e documental, uma análise das matrizes curriculares do curso de Secretariado Executivo em universidades federais e particulares das cinco regiões brasileiras, no intuito de avaliar o impacto que tal ausência pode acarretar no desenvolvimento das competências de comunicação necessárias para a atuação do profissional de Secretariado Executivo na esfera corporativa. Após análise dos resultados, compreendemos que é necessária uma futura reformulação da matriz curricular com o foco na disciplina da Língua Portuguesa e correlatas, no intuito de aprimorar as competências do profissional em relação ao mercado de trabalho.
Cooperação Científica Internacional dos Grupos de Pesquisa em Secretariado Executivo do Brasil
Authors: Sanches Fernanda Cristina , Schmidt Carla Maria , Cielo Ivanete Daga , Wenningkamp Keila Raquel
Published: January 2017

A cooperação científica em âmbito internacional tem se intensificado significativamente nos últimos anos, uma vez que fortalece os cursos de graduação e pós-graduação, corrobora para o aumento do número e da qualidade das pesquisas, auxilia na concessão de bolsas e possibilita o compartilhamento de recursos, entre outros. Assim, dada a importância dessa temática, neste estudo tem-se o seguinte objetivo: analisar de que forma tem se desenvolvido a cooperação científica internacional dos membros integrantes dos grupos de pesquisa em Secretariado Executivo no Brasil. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caráter quantitativo-qualitativo, a partir do método descritivo. Os dados utilizados apresentam origem secundária, pois foram obtidos com base em consulta aos currículos Lattes de todos os membros dos grupos de pesquisa da área de Secretariado Executivo, a partir de busca com os seguintes termos: secretariado; secretariado executivo e secretarial. Os principais resultados apontam que todos os grupos, em maior ou menor número, têm apresentado produções científicas dessa natureza. Dentre os tipos de produção, os grupos apresentam maior colaboração internacional no indicador “publicações” e com os países, Portugal e Argentina, respectivamente.
O Gênero Ata e as Preposições: Reflexões para o Ensino de Espanhol para Secretariado
Authors: Poletto Lugli Viviane Cristina
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa dados sobre o comportamento das preposições de, en, a, no gênero “Ata”, redigido em língua espanhola, tentando situá-las de acordo com os sentidos de base (origem, meta e conteúdo) e eixos espaciais (horizontal e continente/conteúdo) propostos por Castilho (2004). Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cujo objetivo é observar se esse suposto pode ser aplicado à língua espanhola e verificar se os sentidos das preposições, revelados no gênero textual Ata, correspondem àqueles descritos por uma gramática utilizada atualmente no ensino de espanhol em um curso de Secretariado Executivo. Tivemos como apoio teórico para o estudo das preposições em espanhol os pressupostos de Alarcos Llorach (1999), Martin Cid (2002), Vigón Artos (2007) e Araus (1987) e os pressupostos funcionalistas de Castilho (2004), Neves (2000, 2001, 2007) e Cunha (2008). Tomamos o gênero textual “Ata” como objeto de estudo por considerarmos o gênero como um instrumento autêntico e de referência para o ensino de espanhol para Secretariado. Os resultados demonstram que os eixos espaciais propostos por Castilho (2004) podem ser aplicáveis ao espanhol e que a gramática utilizada contempla parcialmente os valores preposicionais expressos pelo gênero Ata.
Os Concursos para o Cargo de Secretário Executivo nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Nunes de , Soares Marina Lopes , Oliveira Ludmila Maria Martins de , Paula Nanci Fernandes de
Published: January 2017

O profissional com formação acadêmica em Secretariado Executivo está a cada dia mais inserido no mercado de trabalho, tanto no setor privado como no público. Porém, os certames públicos lançados atualmente, por diversas vezes apontam vagas para o cargo de secretário executivo, no qual para a investidura nesse cargo não necessariamente é obrigatório o curso superior de Secretariado Executivo, tampouco habilitação profissional, possibilitando que graduados em diversas áreas do conhecimento ingressem no setor público como “secretários executivos”. Diante do exposto, o presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar e apresentar, no âmbito do setor público, especificamente nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), no período compreendido entre 2009 a 2015, as exigências e critérios estabelecidos para os concursos públicos destinados a secretários executivos. Foram identificados 110 editais que disponibilizaram 531 vagas, sendo que somente 308 vagas (de 57 editais) foram exclusivamente destinadas aos candidatos habilitados profissionalmente, de acordo com a Lei nº 7.377 de 30 de setembro de 1985. Foi possível perceber que algumas IFES não exigiram em seus editais a habilitação profissional conforme Ofício Circular nº 015/2005 do MEC (Ministério da Educação), ocasionando um prejuízo ao profissional que possui a habilitação profissional.
Economía Colaborativa: Análisis de la Producción Científica en Revistas Académicas
Authors: Durán-Sánchez Amador , Álvarez-García José , Del Río-Rama María de la Cruz , Maldonado-Erazo Claudia Patricia
Published: January 2017

Propiciado por las nuevas tecnologías e Internet y acrecentado por la crisis surge la Economía Colaborativa, movimiento que permite a individuos compartir e intercambiar servicios o bienes a cambio de una compensación pactada entre las partes. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar el estado actual de la investigación científica sobre Economía Colaborativa. La metodología utilizada es un análisis Bibliométrico de carácter descriptivo y exploratorio de los artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en la base de datos Scopus (Elsevier). Mediante una búsqueda avanzada de términos se identificaron y analizaron 165 documentos. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto el creciente interés de la comunidad científica, principalmente en los países anglosajones (Estados Unidos y Reino Unido) por el tema en los últimos cinco años, motivado por su rápido crecimiento y sus efectos sobre diversos aspectos del modelo de vida actual. Encontrándose el mayor número de publicaciones en las áreas de ciencias sociales, informática y empresa, administración y contabilidad.
Étude des représentations sociales de la prévention en santé mentale auprès d’une population de psychologues français
Authors: Saïas Thomas , Ouellet Caroline , Lambert Camille , Véron Laurentine
Published: January 2017

La prévention est une des premières missions des psychologues hospitaliers et territoriaux en France. Les constats actuels font état d’un faible investissement de ces professionnels et professionnelles en prévention primaire, au profit d’une intervention davantage centrée sur les troubles psychiques et la prévention secondaire. Cette étude qualitative visait à investiguer les représentations sociales des psychologues par rapport à cet objet prévention. En outre d’une attitude positive à l’endroit de la prévention, les résultats font état d’un discours principalement centré sur les enjeux sanitaires de la prévention et sur les risques de la mise en place de nouvelles politiques publiques de prévention.
Bridging Perspectives and Balancing Priorities: New Directions for Housing Policy in Canada
Authors: MacLeod Timothy , Worton S. Kathleen , Nelson Geoffrey
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we outline three genealogies of housing policy in Canada—affordable housing, mental health housing, and housing for homeless persons—and present the focus, research, and strengths/critiques of these genealogies. The increased visibility and adoption of Housing First (HF) in Canadian policy has created tension between groups working on housing and homelessness. Critics rightly point out that HF does little to increase the availability and accessibility of affordable housing. We discuss the homelessness sector as a bridge between the affordable housing sector and the mental health sector and outline how collaboration might take shape in addressing homelessness and affordable housing in Canada.
Client Outcomes Associated With Interprofessional Care in a Community Mental Health Outpatient Program
Authors: Tippin Gregory K. , Maranzan K. Amanda , Mountain Mary Ann
Published: January 2017

Interprofessional care (IPC) represents a high degree of collaboration among health professionals to provide comprehensive treatment to clients. Despite increased uptake of IPC in mental health care, few studies have examined its clinical effectiveness in actual practice. A retrospective cohort study examined the treatment outcomes for 183 outpatients with chronic and comorbid mental health difficulties treated with IPC in a community mental health setting. Multilevel modelling demonstrated that clients reported statistically significant improvement in mental health symptoms and functioning during IPC, relative to a waitlist interval. Furthermore, fewer clients reported clinically significant difficulty with symptoms and functioning over the course of treatment with IPC. Findings suggest that IPC may be an effective treatment in outpatient community mental health settings for Canadian adults presenting with chronic and comorbid psychopathology and affected psychosocial functioning.
Metabolic monitoring in children 5 years of age and younger prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medications
Authors: Kauffman Yardlee S. , Delate Thomas , Botts Sheila
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The objective of this article was to identify the rates of patients ≤5 years of age who received recommended monitoring before and after second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) initiation and had an SGA metabolic adverse effect (MAE).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, an integrated health care delivery system, between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2011. Commercially insured patients ≤5 years of age newly initiated on an SGA were included. Patients were followed for up to 3 years. Metabolic monitoring included lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and weight measurements. Patient characteristics and outcomes were described using descriptive statistics.

Results: A total of 40 patients were included. Overall, 2 (5.0%) patients received all recommended baseline monitoring, and no (0.0%) patients received all recommended follow-up monitoring. Weight monitoring was completed most frequently with rates of completion of 57.5%, 95.0%, 85.0%, and 76.5% at baseline and years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At least 1 MAE was identified in 14/40 (35.0%), 5/28 (17.9%), and 2/17 (11.8%) patients during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The most frequent MAE identified was weight gain. Among patients identified with at least 1 MAE, 4/14 (28.6%), 2/5 (40.0%), and 2/2 (100%) received a behavioral intervention during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Discussion: Overall, baseline and follow-up metabolic monitoring were poor. Future studies should focus on examining barriers to monitoring in order to improve health care quality.
Topiramate in the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome: A case report
Authors: East Nicole , Maroney Megan
Published: January 2017

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurologic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15, is characterized by such symptoms as hypotonia, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, cognitive impairment, and difficult behaviors. One of the most concerning symptoms is hyperphagia, which can lead to uncontrolled obesity. Obesity is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with PWS; however, diagnosing PWS early in life improves the prognosis.

Case Summary: An 11-year-old African American boy with a past medical history significant for PWS, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, obesity, and asthma was admitted after he became violent and destructive at his foster home while trying to get food. The patient had a 28-day stay on the children's crisis intervention unit where quetiapine was discontinued and he was maintained on clonidine 0.1 mg 3 times daily, hydroxyzine 25 mg in the morning and 50 mg at bedtime, montelukast 5 mg daily and titrated on methylphenidate 10 mg in the morning and 5 mg in the afternoon, topiramate 100 mg twice daily, and aripiprazole 10 mg twice daily. The patient displayed improved behavior control and less food-related aggression; he denied any side effects of medications.

Discussion: This case demonstrates the positive effects of topiramate for reducing aggression and demand for food in a child with PWS most likely due to an increase in satiety. It is hard to definitively attribute the positive response directly to topiramate. Further research should be conducted to determine if topiramate is an effective treatment option in these individuals.
Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?
Authors: Malcolm Benjamin J. , Lee Kelly C.
Published: January 2017

Ayahuasca is a traditional psychoactive sacrament that's been used in Amazonian shamanic rituals for hundreds of years. Ayahuasca is notorious for its psychedelic properties produced from the combination of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) found in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and N-N-dimethyltryptamine from Psychotria viridis or Diplopterys cabrerana. Recently, ritual use of ayahuasca has increased and garnered attention for its potential in treating mental illnesses, such as substance use and depressive disorders. Due to its MAOI properties, there are serious drug interactions that may be of concern among patients who participate in ayahuasca use. The objectives of this paper are to describe ayahuasca's pharmacology, potential drug interactions, and clinical data for its treatment potential in psychiatric illness.
Nonlinear effects associated with quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves relevant to that in radiation belts
Authors: Goyal R. , Sharma R. P. , Kumar S.
Published: January 2017

A model is proposed to study the dynamics of high‐amplitude quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves propagating near resonance cone angle and their interaction with low‐frequency kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in Earth's radiation belts. The wave dynamics clearly indicates the whistlers having quasi‐electrostatic character when propagating close to resonance cone angle. A high‐amplitude whistler wave packet is obtained using the present analysis which has also been observed by S/WAVES (STEREO/WAVES) instrument onboard STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory). A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the localization of quasi‐electrostatic whistler waves in radiation belts. The ponderomotive force of pump quasi‐electrostatic whistlers (high frequency) is used to excite low‐frequency waves (KAWs). The turbulent spectrum obtained using the analysis suggests the presence of quasi‐electrostatic whistlers and density fluctuations associated with KAW in radiation belts plasma. The wave localization and steeper spectra could be responsible for particle energization or heating in radiation belts.
Variations in the transport, distribution, and budget of 210Pb in sediment over the estuarine and inner shelf areas of the East China Sea due to Changjiang catchment changes
Authors: Gao J. H. , Jia J. , Sheng H. , Yu R. , Li G. C. , Wang Y. P. , Yang Y. , Zhao Y. , Li J. , Bai F. , Xie W. , Wang A. , Zou X. , Gao S.
Published: January 2017

To investigate the impact of changes in the Changjiang catchment on the estuarine coast‐shelf sedimentary system, variations in the transport, distribution, and budget of 210Pb in the sediment of the Changjiang subaqueous delta (CSD) and the Zhejiang‐Fujian coastal mud belt (ZFCMB) system were analyzed before and after the impounding of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). The results indicate that the 210Pbex activity in the surficial sediments of the CSD‐ZFCMB decreased significantly after 2003 and that the surficial and vertical distribution of the 210Pbex activity in the CSD changed substantially due to intensified sediment redistribution. The 210Pb contribution of the Changjiang catchment to the CSD‐ZFCMB is not negligible. Due to the trapping effect of the TGD, 76 ± 49% of the 210Pb supply from the Changjiang upstream areas was retained in the TGD, resulting in the 210Pb flux into the sea decreased substantially. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the cross‐shelf plume provides a major conduit for the transport of 210Pb over the East China Sea. The variation in the 210Pb budget in the sediment of the CSD‐ZFCMB also indicated that the influence of Changjiang catchment changes on the 210Pbex and supported 210Pb activities will become more significant in the future. In addition, the rate of 210Pb burial in the sediments of the ZFCMB decreased, whereas the retention index of 210Pb and the amount of 210Pb retained in the CSD increased significantly, suggesting that after 2003, the material transfer function of the CSD weakened.
Rapid prediction of electric fields associated with geomagnetically induced currents in the presence of three‐dimensional ground structure: Projection of remote magnetic observatory data through magnetotelluric impedance tensors
Authors: Bonner L R. , Schultz Adam
Published: January 2017

Ground level electric fields arising from geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) are used by the electric power industry to calculate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the power grid. Current industry practice is limited to electric fields associated with 1‐D ground electrical conductivity structure, yet at any given depth in the crust and mantle lateral (3‐D) variations in conductivity can span at least 3 orders of magnitude, resulting in large deviations in electric fields relative to 1‐D models. Solving Maxwell's equations for electric fields associated with GMDs above a 3‐D Earth is computationally burdensome and currently impractical for industrial applications. A computationally light algorithm is proposed as an alternative. Real‐time data from magnetic observatories are projected through multivariate transfer functions to locations of previously occupied magnetotelluric (MT) stations. MT time series and impedance tensors, such as those publically available from the NSF EarthScope Program, are used to scale the projected magnetic observatory data into local electric field predictions that can then be interpolated onto points along power grid transmission lines to actively improve resilience through GIC modeling. Preliminary electric field predictions are tested against previously recorded time series, idealized transfer function cases, and existing industry methods to assess the validity of the algorithm for potential adoption by the power industry. Some limitations such as long‐period diurnal drift are addressed, and solutions are suggested to further improve the method before direct comparisons with actual GIC measurements are made.
Unsupervised network mapping of commercially available immunoassay yields three distinct chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes
Authors: Divekar Rohit , Rank Matthew , Squillace Diane , Kita Hirohito , Lal Devyani
Published: January 2017

Background

Endotyping chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) through simplified cytokine assays may help direct individualized therapy such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, or biologics. We performed an unsupervised network analysis to endotype CRS and control subjects using a commercially available cytokine‐chemokine immunoassay.

Methods

A 41‐plex cytokine‐chemokine array along with major basic protein (MBP) assay was performed on sinonasal surgical tissue of 32 adults. Subjects were defined as non‐CRS controls (n = 6), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; n = 13), and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; n = 13). Unsupervised network modeling was performed to reveal association cytokine‐chemokine (“analyte”) clusters and “subject” groups.

Results

Network mapping and unsupervised clustering revealed 3 analyte clusters and 3 subject groups. Analyte cluster‐1 was composed of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th17 type markers, analyte cluster‐2 Th2 markers, and analyte cluster‐3 chemokines (CC) and growth factors (GF). Subject group‐1 was devoid of CRSwNP, had fewer asthmatics, and was associated most strongly with analyte cluster‐3 (CC/GF) (p < 0.001). Subject group‐2 was characterized with the most asthmatics (86%) and CRSwNP (100%) patients, and was associated with analyte cluster‐2 (Th2; p < 0.001). Subject group‐3 was associated with both analyte cluster‐1 (Th1/Th17) and analyte cluster‐3 (CC/GF) (p < 0.001), and had the highest proportion of CRSsNP patients (62.5%). Tissue levels of MBP, eosinophilia, and computed tomography (CT) scores were significantly higher in subject group‐2 vs other groups (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

An unbiased network‐mapping approach using a commercially available immunoassay kit reveals 3 distinct tissue cytokine‐chemokine signatures that endotype CRS patients and controls. These signatures are prominent even in a limited number of patients, and may help formulate individualized therapy and optimize outcomes.
An Agostic Iridium Pincer Complex as a Highly Efficient and Selective Catalyst for Monoisomerization of 1‐Alkenes to trans‐2‐Alkenes
Authors: Wang Yulei , Qin Chuan , Jia Xiangqing , Leng Xuebing , Huang Zheng
Published: January 2017

A unique Ir complex (tBuNCCP)Ir with the pyridine–phosphine pincer as the sole ligand, featuring a dual agostic interaction between the Ir and two σ C−H bonds from a tBu substituent, has been prepared. This complex exhibits exceptionally high activity and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity for monoisomerization of 1‐alkenes to trans‐2‐alkenes with wide functional‐group tolerance. Reactions can be performed in neat reactant on a more than 100 gram scale using 0.005 mol % catalyst loadings with turnover numbers up to 19000.
Gas‐Phase Formation of the Disilavinylidene (H2SiSi) Transient
Authors: Yang Tao , Dangi Beni B. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Chao Kang‐Heng , Sun Bing‐Jian , Chang Agnes H. H. , Nguyen Thanh Lam , Stanton John F.
Published: January 2017

The hitherto elusive disilavinylidene (H2SiSi) molecule, which is in equilibrium with the mono‐bridged (Si(H)SiH) and di‐bridged (Si(H2)Si) isomers, was initially formed in the gas‐phase reaction of ground‐state atomic silicon (Si) with silane (SiH4) under single‐collision conditions in crossed molecular beam experiments. Combined with state‐of‐the‐art electronic structure and statistical calculations, the reaction was found to involve an initial formation of a van der Waals complex in the entrance channel, a submerged barrier to insertion, intersystem crossing (ISC) from the triplet to the singlet manifold, and hydrogen migrations. These studies provide a rare glimpse of silicon chemistry on the molecular level and shed light on the remarkable non‐adiabatic reaction dynamics of silicon, which are quite distinct from those of isovalent carbon systems, providing important insight that reveals an exotic silicon chemistry to form disilavinylidene.
A Versatile Approach for Site‐Specific Lysine Acylation in Proteins
Authors: Wang Zhipeng A. , Kurra Yadagiri , Wang Xin , Zeng Yu , Lee Yan‐Jiun , Sharma Vangmayee , Lin Hening , Dai Susie Y. , Liu Wenshe R.
Published: January 2017

Using amber suppression in coordination with a mutant pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase‐tRNAPyl pair, azidonorleucine is genetically encoded in E. coli. Its genetic incorporation followed by traceless Staudinger ligation with a phosphinothioester allows the convenient synthesis of a protein with a site‐specifically installed lysine acylation. By simply changing the phosphinothioester identity, any lysine acylation type could be introduced. Using this approach, we demonstrated that both lysine acetylation and lysine succinylation can be installed selectively in ubiquitin and synthesized histone H3 with succinylation at its K4 position (H3K4su). Using an H3K4su‐H4 tetramer as a substrate, we further confirmed that Sirt5 is an active histone desuccinylase. Lysine succinylation is a recently identified post‐translational modification. The reported technique makes it possible to explicate regulatory functions of this modification in proteins.
Differences between the Interactions of Linear and Tetrahedron‐like Ditopic Guests with Cucurbit[8]uril: Steric Hindrance and Molecular Structure Play Dominant Roles
Authors: Hou Shengzhen , Chen Hao , Ma Haili , Tan Yebang
Published: January 2017

A tetrahedron‐like guest molecule (THV) with four ditopic arms, consisting of viologen (V) and hexylene moieties, was synthesized, and its interaction with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) was investigated. As a reference, the interaction between CB[8] and an analogue of the arm of the linear ditopic guest (LHV) was first explored by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In this case, CB[8] was located on the hexylene moiety and resulted in the formation of a binary complex. However, when THV interacted with CB[8], despite having four arms with four hexylene moieties, only two CB[8] molecules were identified as located on the hexylene moieties; the other two CB[8] molecules resided on the V moieties. Great steric hindrance among the arms played a dominant role in the interaction between THV and CB[8]. Regardless of whether the guest molecule was THV or LHV, CB[8] moved to its V moiety (electron‐deficient part) to form the charge‐transfer complex upon the addition of a stopper containing a naphthol residue (electron‐rich part). Guests LHV and THV were reduced to LHV+(+.) and THV+4(+.) upon the addition of sodium dithionite. Dimerization of LHV+(+.) was enhanced when CB[8] was present in less than 0.5 equivalents. In contrast, dimerization was suppressed when CB[8] was present in more than 0.5 equivalents. However, the V+. units of THV+4(+.) stacked intramolecularly because of the tetrahedron‐like molecular structure of THV. The influence of CB[8] on the dimerization of THV+4(+.) was weaker than that on LHV+(+.).
Planung und Bau der neuen Eisenbahnbrücke über den Neckar – Herausforderungen bei der Gründung
Authors: Lienhart Christoph , Heer Sebastian , Wenger Philipp , Zimmerer Martin
Published: January 2017

Im Rahmen des Infrastrukturprojekts Stuttgart 21 errichtet die Deutsche Bahn in Stuttgart seit Anfang 2016 eine viergleisige Eisenbahnbrücke über den Neckar. Die Eisenbahnbrücke hat eine Gesamtlänge von ca. 345 m und führt über zwei Widerlager und sechs Pfeiler‐Achsen.

Das Bauwerk überquert Stadtbahngleise, die Bundesstraße B 10, innerstädtische Straßen, den Neckar, Fuß‐ und Radwege sowie diverse Leitungen. Das Bauvorhaben liegt in der Kernzone des Stuttgarter Heilquellenschutzgebiets mit strengsten Auflagen hinsichtlich zulässiger Eingriffe in den Baugrund und Grundwasserhaltungen. Die Heilquellen liegen im Baufeld ca. 26 m unter Gelände als artesischer Grundwasserleiter mit einem Druckspiegel von rd. 10 m über Gelände vor.

Als schonendste Gründungsvariante der drei Hauptpfeiler hinsichtlich wasserwirtschaftlicher Aspekte wurde nach Auswertung der ersten fünf Baugrunderkundungsprogramme eine Flachgründung auf den Schichten des Unterkeupers mittels Druckluftgründung in Deckelbauweise angesehen. Im Zuge der Ausführungsplanung wurden die hydrochemischen und bodenmechanischen Eigenschaften des Baugrunds mit einem ergänzenden Erkundungsprogramm untersucht. Nach Auswertung aller zur Verfügung stehenden Erkundungsergebnisse konnte von einer Druckluftgründung auf eine wirtschaftlichere Tiefgründungsvariante mit Großbohrpfählen umgeplant werden. Um eine Genehmigung der erforderlichen Eingriffstiefen in der Kernzone des Heilquellenschutzgebiets zu erhalten, mussten im Vorfeld Handlungskonzepte für unterschiedliche Szenarien bei der Herstellung der Großbohrpfähle ausgearbeitet werden.
Metal‐Assisted Folding of Prolinomycin Allows Facile Design of Functional Peptides
Authors: Hosseini Azade S. , Wang Wenjian , Haeffner Fredrik , Gao Jianmin
Published: January 2017

Cyclic peptides have been proposed as privileged scaffolds that might mimic the folding and function of natural proteins. However, simple cyclic peptides typically cannot fold into well‐defined structures. Herein, we describe a foldable cyclic peptide scaffold on which functional side chains can be displayed for targeted recognition of biomolecules. The foldable scaffold is based on prolinomycin, a proline‐rich analogue of valinomycin. We report synthetic mutants of prolinomycin that retain the metal‐assisted folding behavior under physiological conditions. The predictable structure formation of prolinomycin makes it a powerful platform to enable the development of synthetic receptors for biomolecules of interest. We demonstrate the potential of this scaffold by creating prolinomycin mutants that selectively bind anionic vesicles and bacterial cells.
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Under Continuous Flow High‐Purity Conditions: Quantitative Evaluation of CH4 Formation in the Steady‐State
Authors: Dilla Martin , Schlögl Robert , Strunk Jennifer
Published: January 2017

In this study, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction on TiO2 P25 was investigated for the first time under high‐purity continuous flow conditions with gas chromatographic (GC) online detection of CH4 as the main product. The thorough photocatalytic cleaning procedure in humid helium prior to all measurements was conducted under continuous flow too and we were able to monitor the decrease of carbonaceous contaminant concentration. On addition of CO2 to the feed under illumination, an increase in CH4 concentration was observed, which clearly follows the increase in CO2 concentration in the reactor. It was also demonstrated that CH4 formation ceases as soon as the lamp is switched off, providing clear evidence that the formation of CH4 from CO2 is a photoinduced process. It was shown that higher CO2 concentration accelerated CH4 formation under steady‐state conditions up to a certain optimum. Higher CO2 concentrations lead to a decrease in CH4 formation. This observation is tentatively assigned to a limited availability of photogenerated charge carriers at the TiO2 surface, or a lack of suitable catalytically active sites. Traces of O2 in the reactor completely hinder CH4 formation, implying that the lack of concomitant oxygen evolution observed in previous measurements on TiO2 is likely beneficial for the overall process. This study represents a first step towards performing true steady‐state kinetic studies of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Ultrapure Molybdenum Disulfide Shows Enhanced Catalysis for Hydrogen Evolution over Impurities‐Doped Counterpart
Authors: Toh Rou Jun , Sofer Zdenek , Luxa Jan , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2017

The development of electrocatalysts to meet the requirements of renewable energy applications has seen much attention placed on transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials owing to their promising properties. In particular, the strategy of atomic doping has garnered some success in tuning the electronic properties and harnessing the vast potential that TMDs can offer in the catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Moreover, with computational studies reporting the promising effects of transition‐metal doping, such a strategy has been adopted with much enthusiasm. Herein, we consider one of the most prevalent TMDs, that is, MoS2, and the possible presence of impurities arising from its preparation method and starting materials that may act as dopants to affect its electronic and catalytic properties. An ultrapure MoS2 material was synthesized and compared with a relatively impure MoS2 sample obtained commercially. Ultrapure MoS2 was found to outperform its impurities‐doped counterpart in HER catalysis. These findings not only provide valuable insight into the influence of parts‐per‐million concentrations of impurities on the catalytic activity of TMD materials but also highlight the importance of the intentional and proper design of atomic doping to realize its true effects. At the same time, the need for a more in‐depth understanding and evaluation of the benefits of the atomic‐doping strategy in the experimental setting as a means to harness the potential of TMDs as catalysts for hydrogen evolution is also revealed.
New AdoMet Analogues as Tools for Enzymatic Transfer of Photo‐Cross‐Linkers and Capturing RNA–Protein Interactions
Authors: Muttach Fabian , Mäsing Florian , Studer Armido , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: January 2017

Elucidation of biomolecular interactions is of utmost importance in biochemistry. Photo‐cross‐linking offers the possibility to precisely determine RNA–protein interactions. However, despite the inherent specificity of enzymes, approaches for site‐specific introduction of photo‐cross‐linking moieties into nucleic acids are scarce. Methyltransferases in combination with synthetic analogues of their natural cosubstrate S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (AdoMet) allow for the post‐synthetic site‐specific modification of biomolecules. We report on three novel AdoMet analogues bearing the most widespread photo‐cross‐linking moieties (aryl azide, diazirine, and benzophenone). We show that these photo‐cross‐linkers can be enzymatically transferred to the methyltransferase target, that is, the mRNA cap, with high efficiency. Photo‐cross‐linking of the resulting modified mRNAs with the cap interacting protein eIF4E was successful with aryl azide and diazirine but not benzophenone, reflecting the affinity of the modified 5′ caps.