bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors
Authors: Zeng Zipeng , Huang Biao , Parvez Riana K. , Li Yidan , Chen Jyunhao , Vonk Ariel C. , Thornton Matthew E. , Patel Tadrushi , Rutledge Elisabeth A. , Kim Albert D. , Yu Jingying , Grubbs Brendan H. , McMahon Jill A. , Pastor-Soler Nuria M. , Hallows Kenneth R. , McMahon Andrew P. , Li Zhongwei
Published: June 2021

Current kidney organoids model development and diseases of the nephron but not the contiguous epithelial network of the kidney’s collecting duct (CD) system. Here, we report the generation of an expandable, 3D branching ureteric bud (UB) organoid culture model that can be derived from primary UB progenitors from mouse and human fetal kidneys, or generated de novo from human pluripotent stem cells. In chemically-defined culture conditions, UB organoids generate CD organoids, with differentiated principal and intercalated cells adopting spatial assemblies reflective of the adult kidney’s collecting system. Aggregating 3D-cultured nephron progenitor cells with UB organoids in vitro results in a reiterative process of branching morphogenesis and nephron induction, similar to kidney development. Applying an efficient gene editing strategy to remove RET activity, we demonstrate genetically modified UB organoids can model congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Taken together, these platforms will facilitate an enhanced understanding of development, regeneration and diseases of the mammalian collecting duct system.
Mapping chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements reveals pathological mechanisms in human gliomas
Authors: Stępniak Karolina , Machnicka Magdalena A. , Mieczkowski Jakub , Macioszek Anna , Wojtaś Bartosz , Gielniewski Bartłomiej , Poleszak Katarzyna , Perycz Malgorzata , Król Sylwia K. , Guzik Rafał , Dąbrowski Michał J. , Dramiński Michał , Jardanowska Marta , Grabowicz Ilona , Dziedzic Agata , Kranas Hanna , Sienkiewicz Karolina , Diamanti Klev , Kotulska Katarzyna , Grajkowska Wiesława , Roszkowski Marcin , Czernicki Tomasz , Marchel Andrzej , Komorowski Jan , Kaminska Bozena , Wilczyński Bartek
Published: June 2021

Chromatin structure and accessibility, and combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in genomic DNA control transcription. Genetic variations in genes encoding histones, epigenetics-related enzymes or modifiers affect chromatin structure/dynamics and result in alterations in gene expression contributing to cancer development or progression. Gliomas are brain tumors frequently associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. We perform whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples to unravel epigenetic dysfunctions driving gliomagenesis. Based on the results of the integrative analysis of the acquired profiles, we create an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas. We explore these elements and intersect with Hi-C data to uncover molecular mechanisms instructing gene expression in gliomas.
TSSC4 is a component of U5 snRNP that promotes tri-snRNP formation
Authors: Klimešová Klára , Vojáčková Jitka , Radivojević Nenad , Vandermoere Franck , Bertrand Edouard , Verheggen Celine , Staněk David
Published: June 2021

U5 snRNP is a complex particle essential for RNA splicing. U5 snRNPs undergo intricate biogenesis that ensures that only a fully mature particle assembles into a splicing competent U4/U6•U5 tri-snRNP and enters the splicing reaction. During splicing, U5 snRNP is substantially rearranged and leaves as a U5/PRPF19 post-splicing particle, which requires re-generation before the next round of splicing. Here, we show that a previously uncharacterized protein TSSC4 is a component of U5 snRNP that promotes tri-snRNP formation. We provide evidence that TSSC4 associates with U5 snRNP chaperones, U5 snRNP and the U5/PRPF19 particle. Specifically, TSSC4 interacts with U5-specific proteins PRPF8, EFTUD2 and SNRNP200. We also identified TSSC4 domains critical for the interaction with U5 snRNP and the PRPF19 complex, as well as for TSSC4 function in tri-snRNP assembly. TSSC4 emerges as a specific chaperone that acts in U5 snRNP de novo biogenesis as well as post-splicing recycling.
High accuracy capillary network representation in digital rock reveals permeability scaling functions
Authors: Neumann Rodrigo F. , Barsi-Andreeta Mariane , Lucas-Oliveira Everton , Barbalho Hugo , Trevizan Willian A. , Bonagamba Tito J. , Steiner Mathias B.
Published: June 2021

Permeability is the key parameter for quantifying fluid flow in porous rocks. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the connected pore space allows, in principle, to predict the permeability of a rock sample. However, limitations in feature resolution and approximations at microscopic scales have so far precluded systematic upscaling of permeability predictions. Here, we report fluid flow simulations in pore-scale network representations designed to overcome such limitations. We present a novel capillary network representation with an enhanced level of spatial detail at microscale. We find that ﻿the network-based flow simulations predict experimental permeabilities measured at lab scale in the same rock sample without the need for calibration or correction. By applying the method to a broader class of representative geological samples, with permeability values covering two orders of magnitude, we obtain scaling relationships that reveal how mesoscale permeability emerges from microscopic capillary diameter and fluid velocity distributions.
Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
Authors: Crossland Michael R. , Salim Angela A. , Capon Robert J. , Shine Richard
Published: June 2021

Chemical cues produced by late-stage embryos of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) attract older conspecific larvae, which are highly cannibalistic and can consume an entire clutch. To clarify the molecular basis of this attraction response, we presented captive tadpoles with components present in toad eggs. As previously reported, attractivity arises from the distinctive toxins (bufadienolides) produced by cane toads, with some toxins (e.g., bufagenins) much stronger attractants than others (e.g., bufotoxins). Extracts of frozen toad parotoid glands (rich in bufagenins) were more attractive than were fresh MeOH extracts of the parotoid secretion (rich in bufotoxins), and purified marinobufagin was more effective than marinobufotoxin. Cardenolide aglycones (e.g., digitoxigenin) were active attractors, whereas C-3 glycosides (e.g., digoxin, oubain) were far less effective. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that tadpole attractant potency strongly correlated with Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity, suggesting that tadpoles monitor and rapidly react to perturbations to Na+/K+ ATPase activity.
A machine learning approach for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students
Authors: Macalli Melissa , Navarro Marie , Orri Massimiliano , Tournier Marie , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Côté Sylvana M. , Tzourio Christophe
Published: June 2021

Suicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among college students. Yet little is known about screening tools to identify students at higher risk. We aimed to develop a risk algorithm to identify the main predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students within one-year of baseline assessment. We used data collected in 2013–2019 from the French i-Share cohort, a longitudinal population-based study including 5066 volunteer students. To predict suicidal thoughts and behaviours at follow-up, we used random forests models with 70 potential predictors measured at baseline, including sociodemographic and familial characteristics, mental health and substance use. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value. At follow-up, 17.4% of girls and 16.8% of boys reported suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The models achieved good predictive performance: AUC, 0.8; sensitivity, 79% for girls, 81% for boys; and positive predictive value, 40% for girls and 36% for boys. Among the 70 potential predictors, four showed the highest predictive power: 12-month suicidal thoughts, trait anxiety, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. We identified a parsimonious set of mental health indicators that accurately predicted one-year suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a community sample of college students.
The role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations
Authors: Sadras Victor , Vázquez Carolina , Garzo Elisa , Moreno Aránzazu , Medina Sonia , Taylor Julian , Fereres Alberto
Published: June 2021

Interactions between plants and herbivores are key drivers of evolution and ecosystem complexity. We investigated the role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations in a 22factorial combining [CO2] and nitrogen supply. We measured life history traits (assay 1) and feeding behaviour (assay 2) of bird-cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and English grain aphid (Sitobion avenaeF.) forced to feed on single leaf laminae, and reproduction ofR. padiin a setting where insects moved freely along the plant (assay 3). Experimental setting impacted aphid traits. Where aphids were constrained to single leaf, high nitrogen reduced their fitness and discouraged phloem feeding. Where aphids could move throughout the plant, high nitrogen enhanced their reproduction. Aphid responses to the interaction between nitrogen and [CO2] varied with experimental setting. The number ofR. padiadults varied tenfold with plant growing conditions and correlated negatively with molar concentration of sugars in stem (assay 3). This finding has two implications. First, the common interpretation that high nitrogen favours insect fitness because protein-rich animal bodies have to build from nitrogen-poor plant food needs expanding to account for the conspicuous association between low nitrogen and high concentration of labile carbohydrates in plant, which can cause osmotic stress in aphids. Second, the function of labile carbohydrates buffering grain growth needs expanding to account for the osmotic role of carbohydrates in plant resistance to aphids.
A randomized controlled trial of enhancing hypoxia-mediated right cardiac mechanics and reducing afterload after high intensity interval training in sedentary men
Authors: Huang Yu-Chieh , Hsu Chih-Chin , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Wang Jong-Shyan
Published: June 2021

Hypoxic exposure increases right ventricular (RV) afterload by triggering pulmonary hypertension, with consequent effects on the structure and function of the RV. Improved myocardial contractility is a critical circulatory adaptation to exercise training. However, the types of exercise that enhance right cardiac mechanics during hypoxic stress have not yet been identified. This study investigated how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) influence right cardiac mechanics during hypoxic exercise A total of 54 young and healthy sedentary males were randomly selected to engage in either HIIT (3-min intervals at 40% and 80% of oxygen uptake reserve, n = 18) or MICT (sustained 60% of oxygen uptake reserve, n = 18) for 30 min/day and 5 days/week for 6 weeks or were included in a control group (CTL, n = 18) that did not engage in any exercise. The primary outcome was the change in right cardiac mechanics during semiupright bicycle exercise under hypoxic conditions (i.e., 50 watts under 12% FiO2 for 3 min) as measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.: After 6 weeks of training, HIIT was superior to MICT in improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Furthermore, the HIIT group showed reduced pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, pre-HIIT:1.16 ± 0.05 WU; post-HIIT:1.05 ± 0.05 WU, p < 0.05) as well as an elevated right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF, pre-HIIT: 59.5 ± 6.0%; post-HIIT: 69.1 ± 2.8%, p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, coupled with a significant enhancement of the right atrial (RA) reservoir and conduit functions. HIIT is superior to MICT in dilating RV chamber and reducing radial strain but ameliorating radial strain rate in either systole (post-HIIT: 2.78 ± 0.14 s-1; post-MICT: 2.27 ± 0.12 s-1, p < 0.05) or diastole (post-HIIT: − 2.63 ± 0.12 s-1; post-MICT: − 2.36 ± 0.18 s-1, p < 0.05). In the correlation analysis, the changes in RVEF were directly associated with improved RA reservoir (r = 0.60, p < 0.05) and conduit functions (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) but inversely associated with the change in RV radial strain (r = − 0.70, p < 0.01) and PVR (r = − 0.70, p < 0.01) caused by HIIT. HIIT is superior to MICT in improving right cardiac mechanics by simultaneously increasing RA reservoir and conduit functions and decreasing PVR during hypoxic exercise.
Transcriptional drug repositioning and cheminformatics approach for differentiation therapy of leukaemia cells
Authors: KalantarMotamedi Yasaman , Ejeian Fatemeh , Sabouhi Faezeh , Bahmani Leila , Nejati Alireza Shoaraye , Bhagwat Aditya Mukund , Ahadi Ali Mohammad , Tafreshi Azita Parvaneh , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Bender Andreas
Published: June 2021

Differentiation therapy is attracting increasing interest in cancer as it can be more specific than conventional chemotherapy approaches, and it has offered new treatment options for some cancer types, such as treating acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) by retinoic acid. However, there is a pressing need to identify additional molecules which act in this way, both in leukaemia and other cancer types. In this work, we hence developed a novel transcriptional drug repositioning approach, based on both bioinformatics and cheminformatics components, that enables selecting such compounds in a more informed manner. We have validated the approach for leukaemia cells, and retrospectively retinoic acid was successfully identified using our method. Prospectively, the anti-parasitic compound fenbendazole was tested in leukaemia cells, and we were able to show that it can induce the differentiation of leukaemia cells to granulocytes in low concentrations of 0.1 μM and within as short a time period as 3 days. This work hence provides a systematic and validated approach for identifying small molecules for differentiation therapy in cancer.
The role of anticipated regret in choosing for others
Authors: Kumano Shiro , Hamilton Antonia , Bahrami Bahador
Published: June 2021

In everyday life, people sometimes find themselves making decisions on behalf of others, taking risks on another’s behalf, accepting the responsibility for these choices and possibly suffering regret for what they could have done differently. Previous research has extensively studied how people deal with risk when making decisions for others or when being observed by others. Here, we asked whether making decisions for present others is affected by regret avoidance. We studied value-based decision making under uncertainty, manipulating both whether decisions benefited the participant or a partner (beneficiary effect) and whether the partner watched the participant’s choices (audience effect) and their factual and counterfactual outcomes. Computational behavioural analysis revealed that participants were less mindful of regret (and more strongly driven by bigger risks) when choosing for others vs for themselves. Conversely, they chose more conservatively (regarding both regret and risk) when being watched vs alone. The effects of beneficiary and audience on anticipated regret counteracted each other, suggesting that participants’ financial and reputational interests impacted the feeling of regret independently.
Distribution of incubation periods of COVID-19 in the Canadian context
Authors: Paul Subhendu , Lorin Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

We propose a novel model based on a set of coupled delay differential equations with fourteen delays in order to accurately estimate the incubation period of COVID-19, employing publicly available data of confirmed corona cases. In this goal, we separate the total cases into fourteen groups for the corresponding fourteen incubation periods. The estimated mean incubation period we obtain is 6.74 days (95% Confidence Interval(CI): 6.35 to 7.13), and the 90th percentile is 11.64 days (95% CI: 11.22 to 12.17), corresponding to a good agreement with statistical supported studies. This model provides an almost zero-cost computational complexity to estimate the incubation period.
Quality of life, body image and self-esteem in patients with unilateral transtibial amputations
Authors: Sarroca Nuria , Valero José , Deus Javier , Casanova Josefa , Luesma María José , Lahoz Manuel
Published: June 2021

Amputation represents a drastic impact on the patient’s body and perception. This cross-sectional study aims to analyse the aesthetic concern represented by body image, self-esteem and quality of life in patients with unilateral transtibial amputations of lower limbs compared to control group. People living with amputations present lower average levels than controls in all subscales of the SF-36 (Short Form 36 Health Survey) quality of life questionnaire, and in both the physical component summary and the mental component summary, although the difference is not statistically significant in the latter. These patients present a significantly lower mean score (p = 0.002) in the MBSRQ (Body-Self Relations Questionnaire) body image questionnaire: 2.64 ± 0.49 opposed to 3.16 ± 0.55 in controls. People living with amputations had a lower mean score on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale than controls (34.44 ± 4.61 v 36.04 ± 3.63). The results also show that amputation has a significant influence on the BI (Body image) of patients with unilateral transtibial amputations. SE (Self-Esteem) seems to be an aspect that is not significantly affected by lower limb amputation, although these patients scored a lower mean on the RSE scale compared to the control group. We consider it is highly relevant to assess QoL (Quality of life), BI and SE in patients after a lower limb amputation process.
Physical activity during pregnancy and association with changes in fat mass and adipokines in women of normal-weight or with obesity
Authors: Andersson-Hall Ulrika , de Maré Hanna , Askeli Freja , Börjesson Mats , Holmäng Agneta
Published: June 2021

Adipose tissue and adipokine concentrations change markedly during pregnancy, but the effects of physical activity on these changes are rarely studied. We aimed to assess physical activity levels in pregnant women of normal-weight (NW) or with obesity (OB), and to determine the relation with changes in fat mass and adipokines. In each trimester, pregnant women (136 NW, 51 OB) were interviewed about their physical activity and had their body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and adiponectin determined. NW reported higher activity and more aerobic exercise than OB during early pregnancy. Both groups maintained training frequency but reduced overall activity as pregnancy progressed. NW women reporting aerobic and/or resistance exercise and OB women reporting aerobic exercise had greater sOB-R increases (independent of BMI or gestational weight gain). In NW, exercise also associated with lower fat mass and leptin increases. Higher activity levels associated with lower gestational weight gain in both groups. The relationship between physical activity and adiponectin differed between NW and OB. Maternal exercise may partly mediate its beneficial effects through regulation of leptin bioavailability, by enhancing pregnancy-induced increases in sOB-R. This could be of particular importance in OB with pre-gestational hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance.
Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model
Authors: Bazeia D. , Ferreira M. J. B. , Oliveira B. F. de , Szolnoki A.
Published: June 2021

Cyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May–Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describe the mentioned non-transitive interaction of competing species when individual movement is also considered in a spatial system. Emerging rotating spirals composed by the competing species are frequently observed character of the resulting patterns. But how do these spiraling patterns change when we vary the external environment which affects the general vitality of individuals? Motivated by this question we suggest an off-lattice version of the tradition May–Leonard model which allows us to change the actual state of the environment gradually. This can be done by introducing a local carrying capacity parameter which value can be varied gently in an off-lattice environment. Our results support a previous analysis obtained in a more intricate metapopulation model and we show that the well-known rotating spirals become evident in a benign environment when the general density of the population is high. The accompanying time-dependent oscillation of competing species can also be detected where the amplitude and the frequency show a scaling law of the parameter that characterizes the state of the environment. These observations highlight that the assumed non-transitive interaction alone is insufficient condition to maintain biodiversity safely, but the actual state of the environment, which characterizes the general living conditions, also plays a decisive role on the evolution of related systems.
Gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV-positive kidney transplant candidates and recipients from an HIV-positive donor
Authors: Martin C. J. , Veldman F. J. , Labadarios D. , Ebrahim Z. , Muller E. , Kassier S. M.
Published: June 2021

Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common in kidney transplant candidates and recipients and may be worsened by HIV. Objective: To determine the frequency and severity of GIS in HIV-positive kidney transplant recipients from HIV-positive donors, and those waiting to receive one. A GIS rating scale (GSRS) was completed by 76 participants at baseline and at 6 months. GIS frequency was defined as having at least one symptom (GSRS > 1). Severity was indicated by the GSRS score. Transplant candidates: GIS frequency was 88.9% and 86.3% at baseline and 6 months respectively. Indigestion was the most frequent (79.6% and 66.7% at baseline and 6 months), and severe GIS (GSRS 2.3). Women reported global mean (p = 0.030) severity significantly more than men. Transplant recipients: GIS frequency was 95.2% and 76.2% at baseline and 6 months respectively. At both assessment points, indigestion occurred most frequently (85.7% and 61.9% respectively). Highest GSRS was reported for indigestion at baseline (2.33) and at 6 months (1.33). Waist circumference (WC) was positively associated with the severity of constipation GSRS. GIS are common in both groups, especially indigestions. WC in transplant recipients should be monitored.
Intertypic reassortment of mammalian orthoreovirus identified in wastewater in Japan
Authors: Kitamura Kouichi , Takagi Hirotaka , Oka Tomoichiro , Kataoka Michiyo , Ueki Yo , Sakagami Akie
Published: June 2021

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), a non-enveloped virus with a ten-segmented double-stranded RNA genome, infects virtually all mammals, including humans. Human infection with MRV seems to be common in early childhood, but is rarely symptomatic. Despite the ubiquitous presence of MRV in mammals as well as in environmental waters, the molecular characterisation of the MRV genome remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, two novel strains, MRV-2 THK0325 and MRV-1 THK0617, were unintentionally isolated from wastewater in Japan via an environmental surveillance of enteric viruses. Homology and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all the segments of THK0325 were closely related to the MRV-2 Osaka strains, which were recently proposed to have existed for at least two decades in Japan. Most of the segments in THK0617 also showed a close relationship with the MRV-2 Osaka strains, but the M2, S1, and S3 segments belong to another MRV cluster. According to the S1 sequence, the determinant of serotype THK0617 was classified as MRV-1, and both the M2 and S3 segments were closely related to MRV-1 and -3 from the tree shrew in China. These results suggest that the MRV-2 Osaka-like strain spread widely throughout Japan, accompanied by intertypic reassortment occurring in East Asia.
Glucocorticoid resistance conferring mutation in the C-terminus of GR alters the receptor conformational dynamics
Authors: Kaziales Anna , Rührnößl Florian , Richter Klaus
Published: June 2021

The glucocorticoid receptor is a key regulator of essential physiological processes, which under the control of the Hsp90 chaperone machinery, binds to steroid hormones and steroid-like molecules and in a rather complicated and elusive response, regulates a set of glucocorticoid responsive genes. We here examine a human glucocorticoid receptor variant, harboring a point mutation in the last C-terminal residues, L773P, that was associated to Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance, a condition originating from decreased affinity to hormone, impairing one or multiple aspects of GR action. Using in vitro and in silico methods, we assign the conformational consequences of this mutation to particular GR elements and report on the altered receptor properties regarding its binding to dexamethasone, a NCOA-2 coactivator-derived peptide, DNA, and importantly, its interaction with the chaperone machinery of Hsp90.
Thermal Index for early non-invasive assessment of brain injury in newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia: preliminary report
Authors: Walas W. , Mączko A. , Halaba Z. , Bekiesińska-Figatowska M. , Miechowicz I. , Bandoła D. , Ostrowski Z. , Rojczyk M. , Nowak A. J.
Published: June 2021

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is the 3rd most common cause of neonatal death and one of the most common causes of severe neurological impairments in children. Current tools and measurements mainly based on the analysis of clinical evaluation and laboratory and electrophysiological tests do not give consistent data allowing to predict the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) until a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score is performed. The aim of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of the new index, called Thermal Index (TI) in the assessment of the degree of brain damage in newborns in the course of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) due to PA. This was a prospective, observational, pilot study which did not require any changes in the applicable procedures. Analysis has been applied to six newborn babies treated with TH in Neonatal/Paediatric ICU in University Hospital in Opole in 2018 due to PA. They all met criteria for TH according to the current recommendations. Brain MRI was performed after the end of TH when the children were brought back to normal temperature, with the use of a 1.5 T scanner, using T1-, T2-weighted images, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), inversion recovery (IR), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The images were assessed using MRI score according to the scoring system proposed by Weeke et al. The Thermal Index assessing endogenous heat production was calculated according to the formula proposed in this paper. A high, statistically significant positive correlation was found between MRI scores and TI values (0.98; p = 0.0003) in the 1st hour of therapy. High correlation with MRI assessment, the non-invasiveness of measurements and the availability of results within the first few hours of treatment, allow authors to propose the Thermal Index as a tool for early evaluating of the brain injury in newborns treated with TH. Further research is required to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method.
Deficiency of myostatin protects skeletal muscle cells from ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Wallner Christoph , Drysch Marius , Becerikli Mustafa , Schmidt Sonja Verena , Hahn Stephan , Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Reinkemeier Felix , Dadras Mehran , Sogorski Alexander , von Glinski Maxi , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn
Published: June 2021

Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury plays a pivotal role in many diseases and leads to collateral damage during surgical interventions. While most studies focus on alleviating its severity in the context of brain, liver, kidney, and cardiac tissue, research as regards to skeletal muscle has not been conducted to the same extent. In the past, myostatin (MSTN), primarily known for supressing muscle growth, has been implicated in inflammatory circuits, and research provided promising results for cardiac IR injury mitigation by inhibiting MSTN cell surface receptor ACVR2B. This generated the question if interrupting MSTN signaling could temper IR injury in skeletal muscle. Examining human specimens from free myocutaneous flap transfer demonstrated increased MSTN signaling and tissue damage in terms of apoptotic activity, cell death, tissue edema, and lipid peroxidation. In subsequent in vivo MstnLn/Ln IR injury models, we identified potential mechanisms linking MSTN deficiency to protective effects, among others, inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling and SERCA2a modulation. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed a putative involvement of NK cells. Collectively, this work establishes a protective role of MSTN deficiency in skeletal muscle IR injury.
Genome-wide scan reveals genetic divergence in Italian Holstein cows bred within PDO cheese production chains
Authors: Ablondi Michela , Malacarne Massimo , Cipolat-Gotet Claudio , van Kaam Jan-Thijs , Sabbioni Alberto , Summer Andrea
Published: June 2021

Dairy cattle breeds have been exposed to intense artificial selection for milk production traits over the last fifty years. In Italy, where over 80% of milk is processed into cheese, selection has also focused on cheese-making traits. Due to a deep-rooted tradition in cheese-making, currently fifty Italian cheeses are marked with the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label as they proved traditional land of origin and procedures for milk transformation. This study aimed to explore from a genetic point of view if the presence of such diverse productive contexts in Italy have shaped in a different manner the genome of animals originally belonging to a same breed. We analyzed high density genotype data from 1000 Italian Holstein cows born between 2014 and 2018. Those animals were either farmed in one of four Italian PDO consortia or used for drinkable milk production only. Runs of Homozygosity, Bayesian Information Criterion and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components were used to evaluate potential signs of genetic divergence within the breed. We showed that the analyzed Italian Holstein cows have genomic inbreeding level above 5% in all subgroups, reflecting the presence of ongoing artificial selection in the breed. Our study provided a comprehensive representation of the genetic structure of the Italian Holstein breed, highlighting the presence of potential genetic subgroups due to divergent dairy farming systems. This study can be used to further investigate genetic variants underlying adaptation traits in these subgroups, which in turn might be used to design more specialized breeding programs.
Seagrass Posidonia is impaired by human-generated noise
Authors: Solé Marta , Lenoir Marc , Durfort Mercè , Fortuño José-Manuel , van der Schaar Mike , De Vreese Steffen , André Michel
Published: June 2021

The last hundred years have seen the introduction of many sources of artificial noise in the sea environment which have shown to negatively affect marine organisms. Little attention has been devoted to how much this noise could affect sessile organisms. Here, we report morphological and ultrastructural changes in seagrass, after exposure to sounds in a controlled environment. These results are new to aquatic plants pathology. Low-frequency sounds produced alterations in Posidonia oceanica root and rhizome statocysts, which sense gravity and process sound vibration. Nutritional processes of the plant were affected as well: we observed a decrease in the number of rhizome starch grains, which have a vital role in energy storage, as well as a degradation in the specific fungal symbionts of P. oceanica roots. This sensitivity to artificial sounds revealed how sound can potentially affect the health status of P. oceanica. Moreover, these findings address the question of how much the increase of ocean noise pollution may contribute in the future to the depletion of seagrass populations and to biodiversity loss.
PSMA-targeted arsenic nanosheets: a platform for prostate cancer therapyviaferroptosis and ATM deficiency-triggered chemosensitization
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Li , Miao Zhaohua , Zhang Meng , Liu Hang , He Qiong , Meng Jialin , Wen Longping , Ke Zunfu , Zha Zhengbao , Lin Run , Liang Chaozhao
Published: June 2021

An inorganic metal-free nanoplatform, PSMA-targeted arsenic nanosheets (PMANs), offers a promising strategy for prostate cancer therapy through potently inducing ferroptotic cell death and overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance.
An overview of recent progress in dental applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Moradpoor Hedaiat , Safaei Mohsen , Mozaffari Hamid Reza , Sharifi Roohollah , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Golshah Amin , Bashardoust Negin
Published: June 2021

Nanodentistry is an emerging field of nanotechnology in order to improvement dental treatment, care and prevention of oral diseases.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade carbonylative annulation between alkene-tethered aryl iodides and carbon monoxide
Authors: Zhang Yong , Sun Ya-Kui , Chang Ya-Ping , Shao Hui , Zhao Yu-Ming
Published: June 2021

A novel Pd-catalyzed carbonylative cascade of alkene-tethered aryl iodides has been developed. Mechanistic studies suggested the reaction proceededviaa Heck-type carbonylative cyclization, followed by a ketene-involved Friedel–Crafts acylation.
Anin vitro–in vivosequential cascade for the synthesis of iminosugars from aldoses
Authors: Kuska Justyna , Taday Freya , Yeow Kathryn , Ryan James , O'Reilly Elaine
Published: June 2021

Here, we report a chemoenzymatic approach for the preparation of a small panel of biologically important iminosugars from readily available aldoses, employing a transaminase in combination withGluconobacter oxydanswhole cells.
Promoting the uptake of chloride ions by ZnCo–Cl layered double hydroxide electrodes for enhanced capacitive deionization
Authors: Zhang Zehao , Li Haibo
Published: June 2021

The ZnCo–Cl layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been developed for high-performance HCDI anodes by promoting the chloride ions uptake.
Advances in ultrasensitive piezoresistive sensors: from conventional to flexible and stretchable applications
Authors: Nguyen Thanh , Dinh Toan , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Pham Tuan Anh , Dau Van Thanh , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Dao Dzung Viet
Published: June 2021

This paper comprehensively reviews methods and approaches to enhance the piezoresistive effect, ranging from the quantum physical effect and new materials to nanoscopic and macroscopic structures, and from conventional rigid to soft electronic applications.
Nanoengineering of a newly designed chlorin e6 derivative for amplified photodynamic therapy via regulating lactate metabolism
Authors: Qin Xiaohan , Zhang Mengzhu , Hu Xu , Du Qian , Zhao Zhipeng , Jiang Yue , Luan Yuxia
Published: June 2021

An innovative photodynamic nanoplatform, capable of solving the urgent issues of Ce6-based PDT, was designed from a new Ce6 derivative and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate.
Defect engineering of molybdenum disulfide for energy storage
Authors: Yang Zefang , Zhu Lin , Lv Chaonan , Zhang Rui , Wang Haiyan , Wang Jue , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2021

This minireview summarizes and highlights the recent advances and investigations on the defect engineering of molybdenum disulfide, with a special focus on applications in lithium-, sodium- and potassium-ion batteries.
The enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic activities of bimetallic Mn–Fe MOFs for the highly efficient reductive removal of Cr(vi)
Authors: Garazhian Zohreh , Farrokhi Alireza , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Khani Rouhollah
Published: June 2021

The photocatalytic efficiencies of bimetallic MOFs for the reductive removal of Cr(vi) were explored. The catalysts revealed higher performance compared to the corresponding single-metal MOFs, highlighting the synergistic effect between the two metal ions.
Efficient carbon-based CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells using bifunctional polymer modification
Authors: Wang Lulu , Fan Bingbing , Wei Donghui , Yang Zhibin , Zheng Bing , Yin Penggang , Huo Lijun
Published: June 2021

The inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite with excellent thermal stability has become one of the potential candidates for commercial perovskite solar cells (PSC) in the future.
Siloxane tethered perylene diimide: from monotropic phase structures to tunable photoconductivity
Authors: Zhang Dan , Liu Jie , Gao Si-Yu , Bermeshev Maxim V. , Chen Zhijian , Ren Xiang-Kui
Published: June 2021

PDI-TTMSS exhibits peculiar monotropic phase transition behaviors originated from flexible siloxane substituents.
A novel scintillation screen for achieving high-energy ray detection with fast and full-color emission
Authors: Yang Heng , Li Huihui , Yuan Rui , Chen Junfeng , Zhao Jingtai , Wang Sheng , Liu Yufeng , Li Qianli , Zhang Zhijun
Published: June 2021

A novel CsPbX3 NCs@BaF2 scintillation screen is developed for fast and full-color emission under high-energy ray excitation. The light yield of the CsPbBr3 NCs@BaF2 can reach up to 6300 photons/MeV and its fast decay time component is about 11 ns.
Efficient pure-red perovskite light-emitting diodes using dual-Lewis-base molecules for interfacial modification
Authors: Yang Rui , Li Yan-Qing , Guo Ming-Lei , Cai Xiao-Yi , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: June 2021

Pure-red perovskite light-emitting diodes at 634 nm are achieved with a maximum luminance of 9218 cd m−2 and a peak EQE of 5.27% due to interfacial modification with dual-Lewis-base molecules.
Ce-doped Bi based catalysts for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Zhuo De-Huang , Chen Qing-Song , Zhao Xiu-Hui , Jiang Yin-Long , Lu Jian , Xu Zhong-Ning , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: June 2021

A Ce–Bi@CeBiOx core–shell structure exhibits enhanced performance for the CO2RR attributed to the defect engineering and electronic tuning of Bi via Ce doping.
Self-powered quasi-solid-state electrochromic devices for optical information encryption
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Zhao Jingmei , Zhang Yun , Wang Xu , Wang Wenshou
Published: June 2021

A new self-powered quasi-solid-state ECD with a simplified bilayer film configuration shows high flexibility and excellent color switching performance without external power supply. Its application in optical information encryption is demonstrated.
Beginner’s guide to CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing
Authors: Suresh Shravanti
Published: June 2021

In the last 20 years since its discovery, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has evolved from a mere bacterial immune system to a tool that can be programmed to achieve directed, efficient and sequence-specific modifications to the host genome. Its ease of use and minimum side effects to the cell lines are also a reflection of its ability to be extrapolated to medical environments, where it can be used for genetic modifications in the more complicated human genome. In research labs, CRISPR is now frequently used to achieve fast adjustments to host cell lines. It is used to knock in or knock out genes of interest and for generating models for genetic studies. This guide will help readers understand the basic requirements of a genome editing experiment using CRISPR-Cas components.
Time-dependent properties of sunspot groups
Authors: Forgács-Dajka Emese , Dobos László , Ballai István
Published: June 2021

Aims.In this paper, we aim to study the time dependence of sunspot group areas in a large sample composed of various databases spanning over 130 years, used state-of-the-art statistical methods.

Methods.For a carefully selected but unbiased sample, we use Bayesian modelling to fit the temporal evolution of the combined umbral and penumbral area of spot groups with a skew-normal function to determine the existence of any asymmetry in spot growth or decay. Our primary selection criteria guaranteed that only spot groups with a well-defined maximum area were taken into account. We also analysed the covariance of the resulting model parameters and their correlations with the physical parameters of the sunspots and the ongoing solar cycle.

Results.Our results show that the temporal evolution of well-observed sunspot groups that reach at least 50 millionths of a solar hemisphere at their maximum can be fitted surprisingly well with our model. Furthermore, we show significant asymmetry – described by a skew parameter of fitted curves – between the growing and decaying phases of analysed sunspot groups. In addition, we found a weak correlation between the values of skew parameters and the maximum area of sunspot groups and their hemispherical latitude.
A Novel Z-Type Self-Balancing Modular Multilevel Converter for Flywheel Driving Applications
Authors: Cheng Shuoqi , Zheng Tong , Gao Congzhe , Lv Jingliang , Jiang Xinjian
Published: June 2021

With the development of flywheel technology, the speed and the voltage level of flywheel continue to increase. The Z-type self-balancing modular multilevel converter can have a wide frequency range at medium voltage and is suitable for flywheel driving application. However, the voltage and current characteristics of the flywheel and the variable frequency drive still affect capacitor voltage balance in each phase-leg. The new balance of capacitor voltage can be achieved by controlling the circulating current. This paper proposed a control algorithm of the novel Z-type self-balancing modular multilevel converter for flywheel driving applications. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.
Day-ahead Optimal Scheduling of Regenerative Electric Heating System Considering Load Imbalance
Authors: Xu Fei , Hao Ling , Chen Lei , Chen Qun , Min Yong
Published: June 2021

For the regenerative electric heating system, on the premise of ensuring reliable heat supply to users, a day-ahead optimization scheduling method for the regenerative electric heating system considering the load imbalance is proposed. First, users' heating demand under normal working conditions and grid power rationing scenarios are calculated by estimate index method. Then, in order to match the heating demand of users and reduce the load imbalance caused by thermal storage electric heating in the distribution network, comprehensive consideration of grid constraints and the adjustable capacity of regenerative electric heating load, the operating strategy of the thermal storage electric heating system is studied. Reasonable control of heat storage and release in regenerative electric heating can not only reduce the distribution line pressure during heating period, but also maximize the accommodation of low-cost electricity such as surplus renewable energy and improve the economic benefits of the system. Taking the regenerative electric heating system in Chongli area of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province as an example, the multi-objective optimal scheduling model is simulated and analyzed, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling strategy are verified.
The development trend and prospect of automobile energy-saving standard system under the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Tianlei Zheng , Zhao Wang , Shaohui Liu , Xiang Bao , Zhichao Liu , Mengxue Ji
Published: June 2021

This paper conducts research on the development trend of automobile energy-saving standard system under China’s goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. The research first sorted out the carbon dioxide emission standards and regulations of major automobile developed countries in the world, systematically analyzed the current status of China's automobile energy-saving standard system, and proposed the key problems at this stage. With the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions as the core, the key tasks for the next phase of the construction of the automotive energy-saving standard system are proposed, including comprehensively promoting the formulation of fuel consumption standards for passenger cars and commercial vehicles from 2025 to 2030, and accelerating the construction of NEV energy-saving standard system.
Life Cycle Energy Analysis and Evaluation of Retreaded Engineering Tires
Authors: Qiang Wang , Li Jiang , Yunlong Wang , Guotian Wang , peng Zhang
Published: June 2021

In this paper, energy consumption models of retreaded engineering tires were constructed based on life cycle analysis, theoretical calculation model, and energy consumption method during the four stages of retreaded engineering tires, i.e., production, transportation, usage, and recycling stage. The energy substitute model and energy evaluation index during the recycling stage, which involves one of five classical retreaded engineering tire recycling methods, i.e., secondary retreading, mechanical smash, low-temperature smash, combustion decomposition, and combustion power generation, were presented. Life cycle energy analysis of retreaded engineering tires was conducted, and the energy consumption during the different life cycle stages was quantitatively analyzed, thus obtaining the energy restoration rate of the five classical recycling stages of retreaded engineering tires. Energy consumption analysis and energy evaluation at different stages were performed. Main conclusions indicate that the energy consumption during the production stage is the highest, and energy consumption during the transportation stage is the lowest. The energy recycling result of the secondary retreading or combustion decomposition of retreaded engineering tires is obtained.
Corn silk polysaccharide ameliorates high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Tailin Wang , Zhiwen Wang , Yi Liu , Li Huang
Published: June 2021

To study the therapeutic effect of corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) on NAFLD mice induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group (NC), high fat diet (HFD) group, HFD+200 mg/kg CSP group, and HFD+600 mg/kg CSP group. NAFLD mouse model was established by HFD feeding. Blood and liver tissues of each group were collected and biochemical and pathological tests were performed. The energy intake of NAFLD model group was higher than that of normal control group, and the food intake, water intake, and excretion of NAFLD model group were lower than that of normal control group. There was no statistical significance in the food intake, energy intake, water intake, and excretion of CSP group compared with that of NAFLD model group, nor was there any statistical significance between CSP and two doses of CSP. Biochemical tests showed that CSP decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum of HFDfed mice, and inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue. Pathological results showed that CSP improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
Application of Molecular Probes in Tumor Treatment
Authors: Chen Zeyu
Published: June 2021

Photothermal therapy refers to the addition of targeted drugs with photothermal effects into the patient's body. Through targeting, the drug specifically recognizes tumor cells and accumulates around tumor cells. Afterwards, it is irradiated with a laser of a specific wavelength to achieve a local temperature increase, thereby achieving the effect of killing or locating tumor cells. Therefore, the most important part of this treatment method is the photothermal probe with a targeting effect and good photothermal effect. The existing photothermal probes are mainly composed of inorganic substances, organic small molecules and organic biomolecules. This paper will mainly introduce the development status and prospects of performance of these three types of photothermal probes to introduce photothermal agent development.