bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of gentamicin delivery for the local treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Lee Chian Guan , Fu Yin‐Chih , Wang Chi‐Hwa
Published: June 2005

In order to understand the effect of antibiotics delivery to bone tissue, by biodegradable polymeric drug disc, for the treatment of osteomyelitis, a three‐dimensional simulation model is developed. The simulation investigates the effect of pressure‐induced convection on drug distribution, by taking into account the pressure gradient that exists between capillaries and interstitial space, and also as a result of the surgical opening. The clotting process at the surgical opening is incorporated into the simulation, and the effect of clotting duration is investigated. The clotting duration for the baseline simulation is 2 days and it is observed that increasing this duration depresses the mean drug concentration in the marrow and cortical bone. The effect of double burst release profile is also studied and it is observed that drug concentration drops too rapidly after the first burst to provide any therapeutic effect. However, it is shown that the drug concentration after the second burst stays above the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteria for a longer period of time, than would have been observed for a mono‐burst release. Inserting non‐biodegradable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads into bone seems to cause a higher average concentration of drug in the marrow. However, this could be brought about by the difference in the geometry between the disc and the bead, and the amount of drug packed in each bead. Further simulations on the management of dead space shows the ineffectiveness of having the void filled up with surgical gel as it becomes an additional barrier to drug delivery to the infected tissues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of tetracycline‐responsive recombinant protein production and effect on cell growth and ER stress in mammalian cells
Authors: Jones Jullian , Nivitchanyong Tarangsri , Giblin Christina , Ciccarone Valentina , Judd David , Gorfien Stephen , Krag Sharon S. , Betenbaugh Michael J.
Published: June 2005

The inducible T‐REx system and other inducible expression systems have been developed in order to control the expression levels of recombinant protein in mammalian cells. In order to study the effects of heterologous protein expression on mammalian host behavior, the gene for recombinant Human transferrin (hTf) was integrated into HEK‐293 cells and expressed under the control of the T‐REx inducible technology (293‐TetR‐Hyg‐hTf) or using a constitutive promoter (293‐CMV‐hTf). A number of inducible clones with variable expression levels were identified for the T‐REx system with levels of hTf for the high expressing clones nearly double those obtained using the constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The level of transferrin produced was found to increase proportionately with tetracycline concentration between 0 and 1 μg/mL with no significant increases in transferrin production above 1 μg/mL. As a result, the optimal induction time and tetracycline concentrations were determined to be the day of plating and 1 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the cells induced to express transferrin, 293‐TetR‐Hyg‐hTf, exhibited lower viable cell densities and percent viabilities than the uninduced cultures for multiple clonal isolates. In addition, the induction of transferrin expression was found to cause an increase in the expression of the ER‐stress gene, BiP, that was not observed in the uninduced cells. However, both uninduced and induced cell lines containing the hTf gene exhibited longer survival in culture than the control cells, possibly as a result of the positive effects of hTf on cell survival. Taken together, these results suggest that the high level expression of complex proteins in mammalian cells can limit the viable cell densities of cells in culture as a result of cellular stresses caused by generating proteins that may be difficult to fold or are otherwise toxic to cells. The application of inducible systems such as the T‐REx technology will allow us to optimize protein production while limiting the negative effects that result from these cellular stresses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrodynamic study of biogranules obtained from an anaerobic hybrid reactor
Authors: Saravanan V. , Sreekrishnan T.R.
Published: June 2005

The bed expansion characteristics of a fluidized bed containing bacterial granules have been studied. These biogranules were obtained from an anaerobic hybrid reactor, which uses biogranules (without carrier particle) in fluidized condition. The settling velocity study of biogranules has shown that the drag coefficient of biogranule is greater than that of the rigid particle at the same Reynolds number. A new correlation based on this finding has been developed. The bed expansion study has demonstrated that a linear relationship exists between the natural logarithm of bed porosity and the natural logarithm of upflow superficial liquid velocity for the bed containing either a particular fraction of biogranule size or biogranules with wide size distribution. For a fluidized bed having a particular granule size, the bed porosity, and liquid superficial velocity could be related by the classic equation suggested by Richardson and Zaki (1954). The characteristic parameter of this correlation, the slope of the line n, has been related with Reynolds number. The intercept of the line gave a smaller value than the unhindered settling velocity of the particle. For fluidized bed having wide size distribution, the characteristic parameter n could not be related to Reynolds number. But the correlation suggested for single biogranule size has been found to predict n value with an average error of 2.3%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Molecules in Allergic Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanostructured Composites: A High Capacity, Fast Rate Li3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Huang Huan , Yin Shieh‐Chieh , Kerr Tracy , Taylor Nicholas , Nazar Linda F.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aerobic Oxidation of Vicinal Diols Catalyzed by an Anderson‐Type Polyoxometalate, [IMo6O24]5‐.
Authors: Khenkin Alexander M. , Neumann Ronny
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sun Yugang , Xia Younan
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Derivatives of the closo‐Dodecaborate Anion and Their Application in Medicine
Authors: Sivaev I. B. , Bregadze V. I. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Diphenylphosphinoyloxybenzaldehyde 4‐Nitrophenyl‐, 4‐Phenyl‐1‐phthalazinyl‐, and Aroylhydrazones and Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Bagrov F. V. , Vasil'eva T. V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Quinolizidine 207I: Determination of the Absolute Stereochemistry.
Authors: Toyooka Naoki , Nemoto Hideo
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Versatile Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of (+)‐Fostriecin.
Authors: Esumi Tomoyuki , Okamoto Nanako , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in Applications of Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid/Supercritical CO2 Systems
Authors: Dzyuba Sergei V. , Bartsch Richard A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure, Magnetic Behavior and Valence State of Ytterbium in the Yb4Ni10+xGa21‐x Phase.
Authors: Vasylechko L. , Schnelle W. , Burkhardt U. , Ramlau R. , Niewa R. , Borrmann H. , Hiebl K. , Hu Z. , Grin Yu.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tandem Enantioselective Conjugate Addition—Cyclopropanation. Application to Natural Products Synthesis.
Authors: Alexakis Alexandre , March Sebastien
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Halogenated Cleavage of Epoxides into Halohydrins in the Presence of a Series of Diamine Podands as Catalyst with Elemental Iodine and Bromine.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Paziraee Zahra , Niknam Khodabakhsh
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper Triflate [Cu(OTf)2] is an Efficient and Mild Catalyst for the Silylation of α‐Hydroxyphosphonates to α‐Trimethylsilyloxyphosphonates with HMDS at Room Temperature.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Sobhani Sara , Ghassamipour Soheila , Amoozgar Zohreh
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Stereospecific Preparation of Two Perfluoro‐1,3‐butadiene Synthons; (E)‐1‐Trimethylsilyl‐1,2,3,4,4‐pentafluoro‐1,3‐butadiene and (E)‐1‐Tributylstannyl‐1,2,3,4,4‐pentafluoro‐1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Lim Chongsoo , Burton Donald J. , Wesolowski Craig A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β‐Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites.
Authors: Pena Diego , Minnaard Adriaan J. , de Vries Johannes G. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Methyl 3‐Bromoacetylazulene‐1‐carboxylate with 2‐Aminopyridines and Related Compounds. Synthesis of Azulenes Bearing Imidazole‐Fused Nitrogen‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Miyashita Yumiko , Kikuchi Shigeru , Imafuku Kimiaki
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iodination of Aromatic Compounds under Mild and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anellation of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines with 3‐Acylthiotetronic Acids: Synthesis and Properties of 8‐Aza‐16‐thiagona‐12,17‐diones and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolinium 3‐Acetylthiotetronate.
Authors: Budnikova M. V. , Rubinov D. B. , Mikhal'chuk A. L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereodivergent Approach to β‐Hydroxy α‐Amino Acids from C2‐Symmetrical Alk‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diols.
Authors: Amador Marta , Ariza Xavier , Garcia Jordi , Sevilla Sara
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concerning the Origin of the High β‐Selectivity of Glycosidation Reactions of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐iodo‐glucopyranosyl Trichloroacetimidates.
Authors: Chong Pek Y. , Roush William R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions to Olefinated Sugars.
Authors: Colinas Pedro A. , Jaeger Volker , Lieberknecht Albrecht , Bravo Rodolfo D.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Cholinesterase Inhibiting Steroidal Alkaloids from the Leaves of Sarcococca coriacea of Nepalese Origin.
Authors: Kalauni Surya K. , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Khalid Asaad , Manandhar Mangala Devi , Shaheen Farzana , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Gewali Mohan Bikram
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
B/C/N Materials and B4C Synthesized by a Non‐Oxide Sol—Gel Process.
Authors: Voelger Karl W. , Kroke Edwin , Gervais Christel , Saito Tomohiro , Babonneau Florence , Riedel Ralf , Iwamoto Yuji , Hirayama Tsukasa
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Modified Julia Olefination: Alkene Synthesis via the Condensation of Metalated Heteroarylalkylsulfones with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Blakemore Paul R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thioamides as Useful Synthons in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Jagodzinski Tadeusz S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2‐Dications in Organic Main Group Systems
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Activation of Manganese Metal with a Catalytic Amount of Lead and Me3SiCl and Its Application to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Takai Kazuhiko
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trends in Peptide Chemistry. Part 3. Natural Cyclic Peptides: Is the Chemical Synthesis Commercially Feasible?
Authors: Mizhiritskii Michael , Shpernat Yacov
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Applications of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins to Materials Chemistry
Authors: Chou Jun‐hong , Kosal Margaret E. , Nalwa Hari Singh , Rakow Neal A. , Suslick Kenneth S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐Covalent Multiporphyrin Assemblies
Authors: Chambron Jean‐Claude , Heitz Valerie , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enhancement of Combinatorial Chemistry by Microwave‐Assisted Organic Synthesis
Authors: Lidstrom Pelle , Westman Jacob , Lewis Anthony
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Developments in the Coordination Chemistry of Porphyrin Complexes Containing Non‐Metallic and Semi‐Metallic Elements
Authors: Brothers Penelope J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxide Solid Solutions as Catalysts
Authors: Cimino Alessandro , Stone Frank S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of New Thienopyridines, Pyridothienopyrimidines and Pyridothienotriazines.
Authors: Bakhite E. A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. E. , Mohamed O. S. , Thabet E. A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Practical Method for the Osmium‐Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of Olefins Using Bleach as the Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Mehltretter Gerald M. , Bhor Santosh , Klawonn Markus , Doebler Christian , Sundermeier Uta , Eckert Markus , Militzer Hans‐Christian , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymer Supported Palladium(II) Complexes as Hydrogenation Catalysts.
Authors: Mukherjee Debkumar
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid‐Phase Oxoalkylation of Pyridines and Quinolines with 1‐Methylcycloalkanols under the Action of Lead Tetraacetate.
Authors: Nikishin G. I. , Sokova L. L. , Kapustina N. I.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Amines Catalyzed by Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase.
Authors: Colonna Stefano , Pironti Vincenza , Pasta Piero , Zambianchi Francesca
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Route to Novel 2‐(Salicylmethylidine)imidazolidines and (Salicylmethylidene)hexahydropyrimidines Through Reactions of 2‐(N‐Methylanilino)‐3‐formylchromone with Aliphatic Diamines.
Authors: Singh Gurmit , Singh Gurpinder , Ishar M. P. S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantiodivergent Syntheses of γ‐Substituted Butenolides with Tertiary and Quaternary Asymmetric Centers.
Authors: Suzuki Katsufumi , Inomata Kohei
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium(II) Chloride Catalyzes the Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 2,5‐Bis‐(butyltelluro)‐furan and 1‐Alkynes.
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Nogueira Cristina W. , Silva Dagoberto O. , Menezes Paulo H. , Braga Antonio L. , Stefani Helio A. , Rocha Joao B. T.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Cyclization of Furfuryl 2‐Propynyl Ether.
Authors: Torosyan G. O.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase‐Vanishing Method: Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Thiophene with Tin Tetrachloride and Its Application to Convenient Parallel Synthesis.
Authors: Matsubara Hiroshi , Yasuda Shinji , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaminodihydropyrroles via Thioimidate Cyclopropane Rearrangement.
Authors: Kuduk Scott D. , Ng Christina , Chang Ronald K. , Bock Mark G.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fischer Synthesis of 3‐(N‐Acylamino)‐2‐phenylindoles.
Authors: Przheval'skii N. M. , Skvortsova N. S. , Magedov I. V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazolidinones from Chiral Aziridines.
Authors: Park Chan Sun , Kim Min Sung , Sim Tae Bo , Pyun Do Kyu , Lee Cheol Hae , Choi Daeock , Lee Won Koo , Chang Jae‐Won , Ha Hyun‐Joon
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ammonium Chloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Bazgir Ayoob , Teimouri Fatemeh
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkyl Esters of 2‐[5‐Chloro(bromo)‐6‐methoxy‐4‐methylpyrimidinyl‐2‐oxy]alkanoic Acids.
Authors: Dovlatyan V. V. , Eliazyan K. A. , Pivazyan V. A. , Kazaryan E. A. , Engoyan A. P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Properties of Ferrocenylalkyl Derivatives of Indazole.
Authors: Gumenyuk V. V. , Starikova Z. A. , Nekrasov Yu. S. , Babin V. N.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Comprehensive Bakkane Approach: Stereoselective and Efficient Dichloroketene‐Based Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐9‐Acetoxyfukinanolide, (.+‐.)‐ and (+)‐Bakkenolide A, (‐)‐Bakkenolides III, B, C, H, L, V, and X, (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐Homogynolide A, (.+‐.)‐Homogynolide B, and (.+‐.)‐Palmosalide C.
Authors: Brocksom Timothy J. , Coelho Fernando , Depres Jean‐Pierre , Greene Andrew E. , Freire de Lima Marco E. , Hamelin Olivier , Hartmann Benoit , Kanazawa Alice M. , Wang Yanyun
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Trends in Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Wilson Noel S. , Roth Gregory P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantiopure β‐Hydroxy Morpholine Amides from Terminal Epoxides by Carbonylation at 1 atm.
Authors: Goodman Steven N. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Construction of Nonlinear Response Systems Utilizing Molecular Machines
Authors: Ikeda Masato , Takeuchi Masayuki , Shinkai Seiji
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Allylboration of γ‐(ω‐Formylalkoxy)allylboronates for Syntheses of trans‐ or cis‐2‐(Ethenyl)tetrahydropyran‐3‐ol and 2‐(Ethenyl)oxepan‐3‐ol.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Yamada Akihiko , Takahashi Miki , Takahashi Youichi , Miyaura Norio
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of a Head‐to‐Tail [4 + 4] Dimer of a Hexa‐substituted Anthracene.
Authors: Choi Michael T. M. , Yang Qingchuan , Mak Thomas C. W. , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 16β‐Pyrrolidinosteroidal Derivatives.
Authors: Jindal Dharam Paul , Piplani Poonam , Fajrak Hassan , Prior Chris , Marshall Ian G.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 7‐Aza‐5,8,10‐trideazafolic Acid and Its 4‐Amino‐derivative as Potential Antifolates.
Authors: Wollein Guenther , Troschuetz Reinhard
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Flavonoid Glycosides from Cassia occidentalis
Authors: Purwar Chhavi , Rai Renu , Srivastava Nidhi , Singh J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Horsfiline and (.+‐.)‐Coerulescine by Tandem Cyclization of Iodoaryl Alkenyl Azides.
Authors: Lizos Dimitrios E. , Murphy John A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Structures of Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Pyrolysis of Iron Phthalocyanine
Authors: Huang Shaoming , Dai Liming
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—Fe—Nb (Carbon‐Iron‐Niobium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethyl Nitroacetate as a Useful Synthon for the Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected, Polyfunctional C[α,α]‐ Disubstituted Amino Acids
Authors: Fu Yanwen , Hammarstrom Lars G. J. , Miller Tod J. , McLaughlin Mark L. , Hammer Robert P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[(FeIII(OH2)2)3 (A‐α‐PW9O34)2]9‐ on Cationic Silica Nanoparticles, a New Type of Material and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidations.
Authors: Okun Nelya M. , Anderson Travis M. , Hill Craig L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of AlMe3 to Linear Aliphatic Enones by a Designed Catalyst.
Authors: Fraser Paul K. , Woodward Simon
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogen Transfer Employing Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541.
Authors: Stampfer Wolfgang , Kosjek Birgit , Faber Kurt , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorous Electrophilic Scavengers for Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Christine Hiu‐Tung , Nagashima Tadamichi
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Indium‐Mediated Ternary Reactions Between Indole‐3‐carboxaldehydes—Allyl Bromide—Enamines: Facile Synthesis of Bisindolyl‐ and Indolyl‐Heterocyclic Alkanes.
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Kumar Vijay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Opening of Tartrate Acetals Using Dialkylboron Bromide: Evidence for Stereoselectivity Downstream from Ring Fission.
Authors: Ogilvie William W. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fast and Highly Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 9‐Deazaxanthines.
Authors: Stefanachi Angela , Leonetti Francesco , Cappa Anna , Carotti Angelo
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coordination Complexes in Sol—Gel Silica Materials
Authors: Watton Stephen P. , Taylor Colleen M. , Kloster Grant M. , Bowman Stephanie C.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of 5,6‐Dihydropyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and ‐Thiones
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Poendaev Nikolay V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study of the cis—trans Isomerization of the Aminoacyl Prolyl Peptide Bond. Application to the Design of Novel Inhibitors of Immunophilins
Authors: Dugave Christophe
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Changes in the Ordering Process of Polymers as Studied by an Organized Combination of the Various Measurement Techniques
Authors: Tashiro Kohji , Sasaki Sono
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NMR Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Halkides Christopher , Thomas Williamson R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Straightforward Route to Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Analogues as New Potential Antidiabetics.
Authors: Gravier‐Pelletier Christine , Maton William , Le Merrer Yves
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation Using a Biocatalyst: Hydroxylation at a Saturated Carbon Atom
Authors: Azerad R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies of Furanosesquiterpenoid Tetrahydrolinderazulenes. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Echinofuran.
Authors: Yim Ho‐Kee , Liao Yun , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Fmoc‐L‐cyclopentylglycine via Diastereoselective Alkylation of a Glycine Enolate Equivalent.
Authors: Singh Satendra , Pennington Michael W.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Collision Processes of Hydrocarbon Species in Hydrogen Plasmas. Part 1. The Methane Family
Authors: Janev R. K. , Reiter D.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
“Nanoscale Zippers” in the Crystalline Solid. Structural Variations in the Giant Magnetocaloric Material Gd5Si1.5Ge2.5
Authors: Choe Wonyoung , Miller Gordon J. , Meyers John , Chumbley Scott , Pecharsky A. O.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Investigation on the System SmOBr/SeO2.
Authors: Oppermann H. , Schmidt P. , Quoc H. Dao , Popovkin B. A. , Berdonosov P. S. , Dolgikh V. A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Enones Using Chiral Spiro Phosphoramidites as Ligands.
Authors: Zhou Hai , Wang Wen‐Hu , Fu Yu , Xie Jian‐Hua , Shi Wen‐Jian , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Remarkably Simple α‐Oximation of Ketones to 1,2‐Dione Monooximes Using the Chlorotrimethylsilane—Isoamyl Nitrite Combination.
Authors: Mohammed Abdulkarim H. A. , Nagendrappa Gopalpur
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Induced Acetylation of Some Aromatic Primary Amines Using Acetic Acid.
Authors: Ameta K. L. , Verma B. L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Preparation of β‐Trifluoromethyl Acrylates and Derivatives via Palladium Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Prie Gildas , Abarbri Mohamed , Thibonnet Jerome , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Duchene Alain
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Construction of the Bicyclo[5.3.0]decenone Skeleton Based on the Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Allenic Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Nomura Izumi , Kitagaki Shinji
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Oppenauer Oxidations of Primary Alcohols Using Acetone or 2‐Butanone as Oxidant.
Authors: Suzuki Takeyuki , Morita Kenji , Tsuchida Mika , Hiroi Kunio
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FeCl3×6H2O Catalyzed Condensation of Aldehydes and Ketones in Ionic Liquid: A Novel Green Synthesis of Chalcones.
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Niu Hongying , Wang Jianji
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Indeno[2,1‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole Lactam Regioisomers Using Ethyl cis‐β‐Cyanoacrylate as a Dienophile and Lactam Precursor.
Authors: Hudkins Robert L. , Park Chung Ho
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones Catalyzed by Lithium Bromide: An Improved Procedure for the Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Maiti Gourhari , Kundu Pradip , Guin Chandrani
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Mamouni R. , Aadil M. , Akssira M. , Lasri J. , Sepulveda‐Arques J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2,3‐Triazinium Salts.
Authors: Maettner Michael , Neunhoeffer Hans
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid‐State Ionic Reactions
Authors: Kobayashi Keiji
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intermolecular Methyl Migration in the Solid State
Authors: Kaftory Menahem
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Lebel Helene , Marcoux Jean‐Francois , Molinaro Carmela , Charette Andre B.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ytterbium Triflate Promoted Coupling Reaction Between Aryl Alkynes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Curini Massimo , Epifano Francesco , Maltese Federica , Rosati Ornelio
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Azetidin‐2‐ones by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Using Chiral Imines Derived from D‐(+)‐Glucose.
Authors: Arun M. , Joshi S. N. , Puranik V. G. , Bhawal B. M. , Deshmukh A. R A. S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
HCTU and TCTU: New Coupling Reagents — Development and Industrial Aspects
Authors: Marder Oleg , Shvo Youval , Albericio Fernando
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Bipyridines.
Authors: Fang Yuan‐Qing , Hanan Garry S.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lanthanide Triflate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐thiones by a Three‐Component of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds, Aldehydes, and Thiourea Using a Solvent‐Free Biginelli Condensation.
Authors: Wang Limin , Qian Changtao , Tian He , Ma Yun
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthesis of Luotonins A and B.
Authors: Harayama Takashi , Morikami Yoshiaki , Shigeta Yasumi , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression correlates with poor survival in patients who have breast carcinoma treated with doxorubicin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Buchholz Thomas A. , Tu Xiaoyu , Ang K. Kian , Esteva Francisco J. , Kuerer Henry M. , Pusztai Lajos , Cristofanilli Massimo , Singletary S. Eva , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Sahin Aysegul A.
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

To the authors' knowledge there are few data that correlate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the outcome of patients who have breast carcinoma and are treated with anthracycline chemotherapy.

METHODS

Pretreatment tumor tissue samples were available from 82 patients who had locally advanced breast carcinoma and were treated on 2 protocols investigating neoadjuvant 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR (diluted 1:50) was performed, and the staining results were interpreted without knowledge of outcome.

RESULTS

Fourteen tumors (17%) were EGFR‐positive, and 68 tumors (83%) were EGFR‐negative. EGFR expression did not correlate with clinical stage (P = 0.361), HER‐2/neu overexpression (P = 0.503), estrogen or progesterone receptor status (P = 0.631 and P = 0.838, respectively), nuclear grade (P = 0.448), or proliferative index (P = 0.769). Patients who had EGFR‐positive tumors had a worse 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate (46% vs. 76%; P = 0.026) and overall survival (OS) rate (46% vs. 76%; P = 0.037) compared with patients who had EGFR‐negative tumors. The pathologic complete response rate did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.389), although patients with EGFR‐positive disease more commonly had ≥ 4 positive lymph nodes after chemotherapy (64% vs. 29%; P = 0.028). EGFR expression continued to show a significant correlation with poorer DFS and OS in a Cox regression analysis model that included the presence or absence of four or more lymph nodes and EGFR status.

CONCLUSIONS

EGFR expression may have prognostic significance in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma who are treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. These data warrant further studies aimed at correlating EGFR expression and outcome in patients who have breast carcinoma treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The prognostic relevance of molecular alterations in glioblastomas for patients age < 50 years
Authors: Korshunov Andrey , Sycheva Regina , Golanov Andrey
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

In patients with glioblastoma, age < 50 years was identified as a consistent prognostic variable. In addition, the prognosis for these patients may be determined by a complex interaction between age and genetic alterations. The objective of the current study was the molecular analysis of glioblastomas from adult patients age < 50 years (“young adults”).

METHODS

The authors analyzed a set of 189 glioblastoma specimens. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed with a set of 10 chromosome probes (1p36, 1q25, centomere probe 7 [CEP7], 7p12/epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR), CEP9, 9p21/p16, CEP10, 10q23/phosphatase and tesnin homolog gene (PTEN), 19p13, and 19q13).

RESULTS

Patient age < 40 years was associated strongly with a favorable prognosis. Patients age ≥ 40 years frequently showed EGFR amplification, loss of 9p, loss of 10q, and gain of chromosome 19. The patients with − 19q were age < 40 years. The survival was shorter for patients with EGFR amplification, gain of chromosome 7, loss of 9p, loss of 10q, and gain of chromosome 19. In contrast, the patients who had tumors with gain of chromosome 9 or loss of 19q had more favorable outcomes. In a multivariate analysis, gain of chromosome 9 (P = 0.026) and loss of 10q23 (P = 0.007) reached the level of independent prognostic value. In addition, the prognostic value of molecular alterations in patients age < 40 years and patients age > 40 years were examined separately. Consequently, EGFR amplification, − 9p, and + 9 were significant for both age groups, whereas gain of chromosome 7 and loss of 10q showed clinical importance only among patients age > 40 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Adult patients age < 50 years with glioblastoma had molecularly distinct disease, and the age‐dependent heterogeneity seen on the chromosomal level also applied at the clinical level. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Radiation‐induced sarcomas after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Kirova Youlia M. , Vilcoq Jacques R. , Asselain Bernard , Sastre‐Garau Xavier , Fourquet Alain
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

Sarcomas are a rare complication of radiotherapy for breast carcinoma and patients have a poor prognosis. The incidence, histology, and management of patients with sarcomas were reviewed in the current study.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the records of 16,705 patients with breast carcinoma. Of these, 13,472 (81%) were treated with megavoltage radiotherapy and 3233 were treated without at the Institute Curie (Paris, France) between 1981 and 1997. Median doses of 50–55 grays (Gy) in 25–27 fractions were delivered to the whole breast over a period of 5–5.5 weeks (2 Gy/day, 5 weekly fractions) followed, when indicated, by a 16–26‐Gy boost to the tumor or tumor bed. Treatment of radiation‐induced sarcomas (RIS) consisted mostly of radical surgery and chemotherapy.

RESULTS

Overall, 35 patients developed sarcomas. Of these, 27 fulfilled the Cahan criteria. The median follow‐up was 9.3 years (range, 1–22.4 years). The latency period ranged from 3 years to 20.3 years. Thirteen sarcomas were located in the breast, 5– in the chest wall, 3 in the sternum, 2 in the supraclavicle, 1 in the scapula, and 3 in the axilla. Histologic evaluation identified 13 angiosarcomas, 3 osteosarcomas, 5 undifferentiated sarcomas, 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 2 leiomyosarcomas, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 1 myosarcoma. The cumulative RIS incidence was 0.07% (± 0.02) at 5 years, 0.27% (± 0.05) at 10 years, and 0.48% (± 0.11) at 15 years. Standardized incidence ratios were 10.2 (95% confidence interval, 9.03–11.59) for irradiated patients and 1.3 (0.3–3.6) for nonirradiated patients. Of the 27 patients, 15 died of sarcoma within 1 month to 14.5 years (mean, 34.2 ± 0.7 months). The 5‐year actuarial survival rate after diagnosis of RIS was 36% (± 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS

The current study confirmed the rarity of RIS. However, it showed that the risk increased with time. Therefore, careful, long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with radiotherapy is needed for early detection and efficacious treatment of these malignancies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to isosulfan blue dye during breast carcinoma lymphatic mapping in patients treated with preoperative prophylaxis
Authors: Raut Chandrajit P. , Hunt Kelly K. , Akins Jeri S. , Daley M. Denise , Ross Merrick I. , Singletary S. Eva , Marshall Gailen D. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Babiera Gildy , Feig Barry W. , Ames Frederick C. , Kuerer Henry M.
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

Severe anaphylactoid reactions to isosulfan blue dye requiring resuscitation are reported to occur in 1.1% of patients with breast carcinoma undergoing sentinel lymphadenectomy. In December 2001, the authors began administering a prophylactic regimen before dye injection to determine whether prophylaxis reduced the incidence of life‐threatening reactions.

METHODS

All patients were mapped with technetium‐99m–labeled sulfur colloid. Those also receiving isosulfan blue dye were administered a glucocorticoid, diphenhydramine, and famotidine intravenously just before or at induction of anesthesia. Adverse reactions at the time of surgery were analyzed.

RESULTS

Between December 2001 and July 2003, 1013 consecutive patients underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast carcinoma. Six hundred sixty‐seven patients (65.8%) received prophylaxis and isosulfan blue dye, 33 (3.3%) received prophylaxis but no dye, 12 (1.2%) received dye but no prophylaxis, and 301 (29.7%) received no prophylaxis or dye. Blue urticaria and facial edema were observed in 3 (0.5%) of 667 patients receiving prophylaxis and dye and in 1 (8.3%) of 12 patients receiving dye but no prophylaxis. There were no episodes of hypotension, and no patients required vasopressors, ventilatory support, or intensive care observation. Adverse reactions to agents other than blue dye were observed in 2 (0.3%) of 667 patients receiving prophylaxis and dye and in 3 (1.0%) of 301 receiving no prophylaxis and no dye (P = 0.1773).

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative prophylaxis was found to reduce the severity, but not the overall incidence, of adverse reactions to isosulfan blue dye. No life‐threatening reactions were noted in patients treated with preoperative prophylaxis. Based on these results, the authors now routinely recommend administration of prophylaxis to patients receiving isosulfan blue for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus
Authors: Hata Masaharu , Tokuuye Koichi , Sugahara Shinji , Kagei Kenji , Igaki Hiroshi , Hashimoto Takayuki , Ohara Kiyoshi , Matsuzaki Yasushi , Tanaka Naomi , Akine Yasuyuki
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

Treatment modalities for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) are limited and controversial; furthermore, the prognosis for these patients is extremely poor. The authors conducted a retrospective review to determine the role of proton beam therapy in the treatment of patients who had HCC with PVTT.

METHODS

Twelve patients with HCC who had tumor thrombus in the main trunk or major branches of the portal vein (clinical T3–T4N0M0) were treated with proton beam therapy. At the time they received proton beam irradiation, patients ranged in age from 42 years to 80 years (median, 62 years), and their tumors ranged in size from 40 mm to 110 mm (median, 60 mm) in greatest dimension. A total dose of 50–72 gray (Gy) (median, 55 Gy) in 10–22 fractions was delivered to the tumors, including PVTT.

RESULTS

All tumors that were treated with proton beam therapy remained controlled at a median follow‐up of 2.3 years (range, 0.3–7.3 years). Among 12 patients, 10 patients had new liver tumors outside the irradiated volume 0.1–2.4 years after proton beam therapy, and 3 patients also had distant metastases; consequently, 8 patients died of disease, and 2 patients were salvaged by further therapies. The remaining two patients were alive with no evidence of disease 4.3 years and 6.4 years after proton beam therapy. The progression‐free survival rates were 67% at 2 years and 24% at 5 years. The median progression‐free survival was 2.3 years. According to the Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group), therapy‐related toxicity ≥ Grade 3 was not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Proton beam therapy for patients with HCC who had PVTT was feasible and effective. It appeared to improve survival and local control significantly for these patients. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A role for plakophilin‐1 in the initiation of desmosome assembly
Authors: Wahl James K.
Published: June 2005

Plakophilins (pkp‐1, ‐2, and ‐3) comprise a family of armadillo‐repeat containing proteins that are found in the desmosomal plaque and in the nucleus. Plakophilin‐1 is most highly expressed in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis and loss of plakophilin‐1 expression results in skin fragility‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, which is characterized by a reduction in the number and size of desmosomes in the epithelia of affected individuals. To investigate the role of plakophilin‐1 during desmosome formation, we fused plakophilin‐1 to the hormone‐binding domain of the estrogen receptor to create a fusion protein (plakophilin‐1/ER) that can be activated in cell culture by the addition of 4‐hydroxytamoxifen. When plakophilin‐1/ER was expressed in A431 cells it was incorporated into endogenous desmosomes and did not disrupt desmosome formation. A derivative of A431 cells (A431D) do not form desmosomes, even though they express all the components believed to be necessary for desmosome assembly. Expression and activation of plakophilin‐1/ER in A431D cells resulted in punctate desmoplakin staining on the cell surface. Co‐expression of a classical cadherin (N‐cadherin) and plakophilin‐1/ER in A431D cells resulted in punctate desmoplakin staining at cell–cell borders. These data suggest that plakophilin‐1 can induce assembly of desmosomal components in A431D cells in the absence of a classical cadherin; however a classical cadherin (N‐cadherin) is required to direct assembly of desmosomes between adjacent cells. The activatable plakophilin‐1/ER system provides a unique culture system to study the assembly of the desmosomal plaque in culture. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The bacterial nucleoid: A highly organized and dynamic structure
Authors: Thanbichler Martin , Wang Sherry C. , Shapiro Lucy
Published: June 2005

Recent advances in bacterial cell biology have revealed unanticipated structural and functional complexity, reminiscent of eukaryotic cells. Particular progress has been made in understanding the structure, replication, and segregation of the bacterial chromosome. It emerged that multiple mechanisms cooperate to establish a dynamic assembly of supercoiled domains, which are stacked in consecutive order to adopt a defined higher‐level organization. The position of genetic loci on the chromosome is thereby linearly correlated with their position in the cell. SMC complexes and histone‐like proteins continuously remodel the nucleoid to reconcile chromatin compaction with DNA replication and gene regulation. Moreover, active transport processes ensure the efficient segregation of sister chromosomes and the faithful restoration of nucleoid organization while DNA replication and condensation are in progress. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple melting behavior of poly(butylene succinate). II. Thermal analysis of isothermal crystallization and melting process
Authors: Yasuniwa Munehisa , Tsubakihara Shinsuke , Satou Tadashi , Iura Koji
Published: June 2005

The multiple melting behavior of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three different PBSu resins, with molecular weights (MWs) of 1.1 × 105, 1.8 × 105, and 2.5 × 105, were isothermally crystallized at various crystallization temperatures (Tc) ranging from 70 to 97.5 °C. The Tc dependence of crystallization half‐time (τ) was obtained. DSC melting curves for the isothermally crystallized samples were obtained at a heating rate of 10 K min−1. Three endothermic peaks, an annealing peak, a low‐temperature peak L, and a high‐temperature peak H, and an exothermic peak located between peaks L and H clearly appeared in the DSC curve. In addition, an endothermic small peak S appeared at a lower temperature of peak H. Peak L increased with increasing Tc, whereas peak H decreased. The Tc dependence of the peak melting temperatures [Tm(L) and Tm(H)], recrystallization temperature (Tre), and heat of fusion (ΔH) was obtained. Their fitting curves were obtained as functions of Tc. Tm(L), Tre, and ΔH increased almost linearly with Tc, whereas Tm(H) was almost constant. The maximum rate of recrystallization occurred immediately after the melting. The mechanism of the multiple melting behavior is explained by the melt‐recrystallization model. The high MW samples showed similar Tc dependence of τ, and τ for the lowest MW sample was longer than that for the others. Peak L increased with MW, whereas peak H decreased. In spite of the difference of MW, Tm(L), Tm(H), and Tre almost coincided with each other at the same Tc. The ΔH values, that is crystallinity, for the highest MW sample were smaller than those for the other samples at the same Tc. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2039–2047, 2005
Polymorphism and crystalline transitions of the novel even–odd nylons derived from undecanedioic acid
Authors: Cui Xiaowen , Yan Deyue
Published: June 2005

The crystal structures of nylons X 11 under different conditions (X = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and electron diffraction (ED). Both the solution‐ and melt‐crystallized samples of nylon 2 11 possess the hexagonal lattice (named γ‐form). Nylons 4 11 and 6 11 exhibit the monoclinic unit cell (termed as α‐like form) for both samples characteristic of two strong diffractions at 0.44 and 0.38 nm. For nylons 8 11, 10 11, and 12 11, the α‐like form are obtained for the solution‐crystallized samples while the β‐like ones are obtained in the case of the melt‐crystallized ones, with typical strong diffractions at 0.42 and 0.40 nm. The quenched nylon 12 11 samples annealing at different temperatures were also studied in this work to illustrate the various crystal forms obtained under different conditions. During the heating process, the α‐like forms of the solution‐crystallized samples for nylons 8 11, 10 11, and 12 11 transform into the high‐temperature hexagonal phases prior to melting, while those of nylons 4 11 and 6 11 did not show such transformations before melting. Variable‐temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to investigate the crystalline transition phenomena and illustrate their essential features in the molecular level. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2048–2060, 2005
Purmorphamine enhances osteogenic activity of human osteoblasts derived from bone marrow mesenchymal cells
Authors: Beloti Márcio M. , Bellesini Larissa S. , Rosa Adalberto L.
Published: June 2005

Purmorphamine is a novel small molecule with osteogenesis‐inducing activity in multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells, but there has been no evaluation of its effect on human cells to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of osteogenic activity by purmorphamine in human osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal cells. Cells were cultured in 24‐well plates at a density of 2×104/well in medium containing 1, 2 or 3 μM purmorphamine, or vehicle. At 7, 14 and 21 days, cell proliferation, viability, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated. Bone‐like nodule formation was evaluated at 21 days. Purmorphamine did not affect cell proliferation or viability, but increased ALP activity and bone‐like nodule formation. These results indicate that events related to osteoblast differentiation, including increased ALP activity and bone‐like nodule formation, are enhanced by purmorphamine.