bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crane: An Integrated Computational Design Platform for Functional, Foldable, and Fabricable Origami Products
Authors: Suto Kai , Noma Yuta , Tanimichi Kotaro , Narumi Koya , Tachi Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

Despite the recent trend of computational origami for human-computer interaction (HCI) and digital fabrication, it is still difficult for designers to complete a series of design, simulation, and fabrication of objects leveraging computational origami theory. In this paper, we propose Crane, an integrated origami design platform implemented with Grasshopper. With this platform, users can seamlessly (1) design the 2D and 3D crease pattern, (2) simulate 3D folding transformation from the given crease pattern, (3) inversely find a new pattern under design constraints, (4) thicken the 2D pattern into a 3D volume along with the appropriate hinge structures for different fabrication methods, and (5) optionally connect the resulting design to other Rhinoceros or Grasshopper plugins for post-processes. To help understand how to use our system and demonstrate its feasibility, we showed three examples of origami products designed using our system. We also reported user feedback from the workshop as an evaluation.
The Relationship between the Atmospheric Heat Source over Tibetan Plateau and the Westerly-Monsoon Evolution in August and Its Physical Mechanism
Authors: Wang Chunxue , Li Yueqing
Published: December 2022

In this study, the relationship between the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) (westerly monsoon) and the correlation with the atmospheric heat source (AHS) on the Tibetan plateau (TP), especially the possible connection of the sudden enhancement of the correlation in August were analyzed. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the EASWJ and the EASM from June to October in terms of both intra-annual variability and interannual fluctuations, and the correlation between the AHS over TP and the EASWJ and the EASM during the same period is significantly enhanced in August. The synthetic analysis indicated that when the AHS was strong, a positive anomaly of a horizontal temperature gradient appeared over TP, which was conducive to the southward shift of the high-altitude temperature gradient center, resulting in the southward position of the axis of the 200 hPa westerly jet, and an upward and downward inclined westerly anomaly zone appeared from the south slope of TP to the main body and its north slope. Meanwhile, the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern with a negative phase appeared at 500 hPa, and TP to western Japan was located in the negative value area of the wave train. The AHS was conducive to the enhancement of the EAP negative phase, which was not conducive to the further northward transportation of water vapor by the EASM. On the contrary, when the AHS on TP was weak, the position of the westerly jet was northward and the EAP positive phase enhanced, contributing to the further northward transport of water vapor from the EASM.
Global Dynamics of a Nonsymmetric System of Difference Equations
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the existence of fixed points, boundedness and persistence, local dynamics at fixed points, global dynamics, and convergence rate of a nonsymmetric system of difference equations. Finally, theoretical results will be verified numerically.
A Review on the Role of Wollastonite Biomaterial in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zenebe Chirotaw Getem
Published: December 2022

Millions of people around the world have bone‐tissue defects. Autologous and allogeneic bone grafting are frequent therapeutic techniques; however, none has produced the best therapeutic results. This has inspired researchers to investigate novel bone‐regeneration technologies. In recent years, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been at the forefront of this discipline. Due to their limitless supply and lack of disease transmission, engineered bone tissue has been advanced for the repair and reconstruction of bone deformities. Bone tissue is a highly vascularized, dynamic tissue that constantly remodels during an individual’s lifetime. Bone tissue engineering is aimed at stimulating the creation of new, functional bone by combining biomaterials, cells, and factor treatment synergistically. This article provides a review of wollastonite’s biomaterial application in bone tissue engineering. This work includes an explanation of wollastonite minerals including mining, raw materials for the synthesis of artificial wollastonite with various methods, its biocompatibility, and biomedical applications. Future perspectives are also addressed, along with topics like bone tissue engineering, the qualities optimal bone scaffolds must have, and the way a scaffold is designed can have a big impact on how the body reacts.
The Effect of Sodium Alginate Coating Containing Citrus (Citrus aurantium) and Lemon (Citrus lemon) Extracts on Quality Properties of Chicken Meat
Authors: Panahi Zahra , Khoshbakht Rahem , Javadi Bahareh , Firoozi Emadodin , Shahbazi Niloufar
Published: December 2022

The effect of sodium alginate-based edible coating containing 2% citrus (Citrus aurantium) and lemon (Citrus lemon) extracts was evaluated on the chemical, antimicrobial, and sensory properties of samples during storage at 4°C. The results showed that coating with sodium alginate containing citrus and lemon extracts had a significant effect on the pH, TVN, PV, and TBA values of chicken meat (

P
<
0.05

). The lowest PV and TBA values were observed in the coated sample containing sodium alginate with 2% citrus and lemon extracts (ALG + CAE + CLE), indicating the antioxidant activity of sodium alginate and extracts. Coating resulted in less growth of microorganisms in the samples. The lowest microbial counts were also observed in the sodium alginate containing 2% citrus and lemon extracts (ALG + CAE + CLE). The coated samples had good overall acceptability similar to the control treatment. In conclusion, sodium alginate containing citrus (C. aurantium) and lemon extracts (C. lemon) are suggested for coating meat products.
Mechanisms of Autoimmune Cell in DA Neuron Apoptosis of Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Advancement
Authors: Zheng Zijian , Zhang Shushan , Zhang Hanwen , Gao Zhongzheng , Wang Xiangrong , Liu Xinjie , Xue Cheng , Yao Longping , Lu Guohui
Published: December 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More and more studies have shown that pathological reactions initiated by autoimmune cells play an essential role in the progression of PD. Autoimmune cells exist in the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges; they are considered inducers of neuroinflammation and regulate the immune in the human brain in PD. For example, T cells can recognize α-synuclein presented by antigen-presenting cells to promote neuroinflammation. In addition, B cells will accelerate the apoptosis of DA neurons in the case of PD-related gene mutations. Activation of microglia and damage of DA neurons even form the self-degeneration cycle to deteriorate PD. Numerous autoimmune cells have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation of DA neurons in PD. The evidence is mounting that autoimmune cells promote DA neuron apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of B cell, T cell, and microglia as well as NK cell in PD pathogenesis, focusing on DA neuron apoptosis to understand the disease better and propose potential target identification for the treatment in the early stages of PD. However, there are still some limitations in our work, for example, the specific mechanism of PD progression caused by autoimmune cells in mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy has not been clarified in detail, which needs to be summarized in further work.
Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs-Related Regulatory Mechanisms in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using a Disease-Related lncRNA-mRNA Pathway Network
Authors: Xu Bing , Zheng Chunlei
Published: December 2022

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underpinning Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods. Using microarray data, differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs) and DMD-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were screened based on the comparative toxicogenomics database, using a cutoff of |log2 fold change| > 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI), coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA, and DMD-related lncRNA-mRNA pathway networks were constructed, and functional analyses of the genes in the network were performed. Finally, the proportions of immune cells infiltrating the muscle tissues in DMD were analyzed, and the correlation between the immune cells and expression of the DELs/DEMs was studied. Results. A total of 46 DELs and 313 DMD-related DEMs were identified. The PPI network revealed STAT1, VEGFA, and CCL2 to be the top three hub genes. The DMD-related lncRNA-mRNA pathway network comprising two pathways, nine DELs, and nine DMD-related DEMs showed that PYCARD, RIPK2, and CASP1 were significantly enriched in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, whereas MAP2K2, LUM, RPS6, PDCD4, TWIST1, and HIF1A were significantly enriched with proteoglycans in cancers. The nine DELs in this network were DBET, MBNL1-AS1, MIR29B2CHG, CCDC18-AS1, FAM111A-DT, GAS5, LINC01290, ATP2B1-AS1, and PSMB8-AS1. Conclusion. The nine DMD-related DEMs and DELs identified in this study may play important roles in the occurrence and progression of DMD through the two pathways of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and proteoglycans in cancers.
Blood-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang , Al-Shaheri Fawaz N. , Alhamdani Mohamed Saiel Saeed , Bauer Andrea S. , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Schenk Miriam , Hinz Ulf , Goedecke Philipp , Al-Halabi Karam , Büchler Markus W. , Giese Nathalia A. , Hackert Thilo , Roth Susanne
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Low-grade dysplasia has a relatively good prognosis, whereas high-grade dysplasia and IPMN invasive carcinoma require surgical intervention. However, diagnostic distinction is difficult. We aimed to identify biomarkers in peripheral blood for accurate discrimination.

Experimental Design:

Sera were obtained from 302 patients with IPMNs and 88 healthy donors. For protein biomarkers, serum samples were analyzed on microarrays made of 2,977 antibodies. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to define classifiers, which were validated on a separate sample set. For microRNA biomarkers, a PCR-based screen was performed for discovery. Biomarker candidates confirmed by quantitative PCR were used to train SVM classifiers, followed by validation in a different sample set. Finally, a combined SVM classifier was established entirely independent of the earlier analyses, again using different samples for training and validation.

Results:

Panels of 26 proteins or seven microRNAs could distinguish high- and low-risk IPMN with an AUC value of 95% and 94%, respectively. Upon combination, a panel of five proteins and three miRNAs yielded an AUC of 97%. These values were much better than those obtained in the same patient cohort by using the guideline criteria for discrimination. In addition, accurate discrimination was achieved between other patient subgroups.

Conclusions:

Protein and microRNA biomarkers in blood allow precise diagnosis and risk stratification of IPMN cases, which should improve patient management and thus the prognosis of IPMN patients.

See related commentary by Löhr and Pantel, p. 1387
Exercise by Shaking Alleviates the Decline in Memory due to Aging: A Study in Mice
Authors: Izawa Sho , Yamada Kouji , Yao Runhong , Aizu Naoki , Kito Takumi , Iwata Daiki , Chihara Takeshi , Sawada Hirohide , Nishii Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Although exercise can prevent cognitive decline due to aging, few elderly individuals are able to exercise for long. Therefore, an exercise method for older adults that is feasible for a long duration without overexertion is necessary. In this study, we focused on exercise by shaking. This study examined the possibility to prevent the decline in memory through regular and long-term shaking exercise using a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) model. Behavioral analysis was conducted, and histological changes in the mouse brain were examined to evaluate whether this stimulation method could become a novel exercise method. Materials and Methods: The shaking exercise was applied to SAMP10 mice for 30 min 3 times per week for 25 continuous weeks. Behavioral analysis included a step-through passive avoidance test, whereas the histological analysis involved immunohistochemical staining using the anti-glutamate receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors [AMPAR]) antibody in the hippocampus. The number and area of nerve cells in the hippocampal regions were measured and compared between groups. Results: Behavioral analysis revealed that the shaking group retained memory longer than the control group, and memory capacity decline was suppressed. Additionally, histological examination showed that the shaking group had a higher number of AMPAR receptor-positive neurons per area in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions than the control group, suggesting that degeneration and shedding of neurons due to aging was suppressed. Discussion/Conclusion: We believe that shaking could become an exercise therapy that can reduce the decline in memory with aging and expect its human application in the future.
Propofol Inhibits Biological Function of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through LINC00475-Mediated Sonic Hedgehog Pathway
Authors: Wu JianE , Zhou Fucheng , Lai Shangshu , Wang Wenhua , Wu Ting , Liu Ying , Yang Li
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most deadly cancer. Many signal pathways are implicated in HCC development, including sonic hedgehog (SHH). Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used in surgery. Recent studies have reported that propofol inhibits tumorigenesis and the development of HCC in a dose-dependent manner. The study aimed to identify the mechanism of how the propofol-mediated SHH-signaling molecule works in HCC. Methods: Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were examined, respectively, through colony formation, TUNEL, caspase-3 activity, and transwell assays. Protein levels of SHH, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 were determined via Western blot. Results: Propofol could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induce apoptosis via suppression on SHH to inactivate the SHH pathway. By mechanistic assays, miR-340-5p was identified to target SHH and negatively regulate SHH. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 475 (LINC00475) was the endogenous sponge of miR-340-5p to upregulate SHH. Finally, the rescue assays were implemented. The activator of the SHH pathway completely rescued the effects of LINC00475 and SHH in propofol-induced HCC cells. Conclusion: Propofol inhibits HCC cell malignant behaviors via repressing LINC00475 to suppress SHH, thus inactivating the SHH pathway. These new findings might contribute to the understanding and application of propofol in HCC.
Peripheral Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy: Differentiating Features from Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Sodhi Guneet S. , Singh Nakul , Wrenn Jacquelyn , Singh Arun D.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is one of the leading mimickers of choroidal melanoma because of overlapping features with choroidal melanoma that make the distinction between these two entities difficult. Methods: To identify nonoverlapping diagnostic features between PEHCR and choroidal melanoma, a retrospective study of 80 patients (80 eyes); 40 patients (40 eyes) with PEHCR; and 40 patients (40 eyes) with choroidal melanoma was conducted. Ophthalmoscopic and imaging features of PEHCR and choroidal melanoma were compared. Sensitivity and specificity for identifying PEHCR and choroidal melanoma were calculated. Youden’s J statistic was assessed for each diagnostic feature. Results: The most frequent clinical features of PEHCR were presence of druse (100%), hemorrhagic PED (93%), dome-shaped mass (B-scan) (90%), and subretinal/intraretinal hemorrhage (78%). Statistical analysis confirmed high sensitivity of hemorrhagic PED (0.93; 95% CI 0.80–0.98) and high specificity of clot retraction cleft, presence of lipid exudation, and bilaterality (1.00; 95% CI 0.91–1.00) as diagnostic features of PEHCR. Statistical analysis revealed presence of subretinal fluid 0.80 (95% CI 0.54–0.91) was most sensitive and presence of orange pigment, mushroom shape on B-scan, ciliary body extension, and choroidal excavation were most specific (1.00; 95% CI 0.91–1.00) for choroidal melanoma. Nonoverlapping diagnostic features of PEHCR were hemorrhagic PED, clot retraction cleft, presence of lipid exudation, and bilaterality. All PEHCR patients (100%) had at least one of these nonoverlapping diagnostic features. Nonoverlapping diagnostic features of choroidal melanoma were the presence of orange pigment, choroidal excavation, mushroom-shaped mass, and ciliary body extension (the latter 3 detected on B-scan). Youden’s J statistic was highest for hemorrhagic PED and lowest for dome-shape appearance on B-scan (0.075). Conclusion: PEHCR and choroidal melanoma can be differentiated by identifying diagnostic features that are exclusive to each entity. The presence of hemorrhagic PED strongly supports a diagnosis of PEHCR. B-scan ultrasonography is required to detect a mushroom-shaped mass, choroidal excavation, or ciliary body extension to exclude underlying choroidal melanoma.
Cartografia de uma criação colaborativa: a encenação rapsódica do espetáculo Alto mar
Authors: Celestino Phelippe
Published: December 2022

Este artigo compreende um breve estudo e análise do processo de criação do espetáculo Alto Mar. Debruça-se sobre o detalhamento e investigação do conceito de rapsódia, a fim de pensar sua aplicabilidade cênica, postulando assim uma encenação rapsódica. Além disso, traz à tona apontamentos e considerações sobre o conceito de processo colaborativo. Tem-se como objetivo demonstrar como esses conceitos possuem relações políticas, estéticas e ideológicas de ruptura com a tradição dramática e realista quanto à concepção de teatro de cunho clássico e burguês.
Cenários infantis latino-americanos: apontamentos sobre processos cênicos emergentes da ação cultural
Authors: Leyva Luvel Garcia
Published: December 2022

A criação de núcleos de formação teatral infantil no interior de coletivos alinhados à perspectiva de teatro de grupo é uma constante no teatro latino-americano. Muitos dos processos formativos e de criação cênica desses núcleos estão associados a diferentes modalidades de ação cultural, configurando uma significativa quebra das fronteiras entre os âmbitos da criação artística com crianças e a pedagogia. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho pretende mostrar, nesse contexto regional, experiências artísticas associadas a modalidades de ação cultural, nas quais o vínculo entre práticas cênicas e estratégias de transformação social abrem vertentes possíveis de reflexão pedagógica para o teatro com crianças na região.
Efficacy and Safety of ARRY-371797 in
LMNA
-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Phase 2 Study
Authors: MacRae Calum A. , Taylor Matthew R.G. , Mestroni Luisa , Moses John , Ashley Euan A. , Wheeler Matthew T. , Lakdawala Neal K. , Hershberger Ray E. , Sandor Victor , Saunders Michael E. , Oliver Colleen , Lee Patrice A. , Judge Daniel P.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Lamin A/C gene (
LMNA
)-related dilated cardiomyopathy is a serious and life-threatening condition with a high unmet medical need. This phase 2 study assessed the effects of the oral selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor ARRY-371797 on functional capacity and cardiac function in patients with
LMNA
-related dilated cardiomyopathy.

Methods:

Patients with
LMNA
-related dilated cardiomyopathy in New York Heart Association class II–IIIA, on background heart failure treatment, received ARRY-371797 100 or 400 mg twice daily for 48 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in the 6-minute walk test distance at 12 weeks. Secondary end points included changes over time in 6-minute walk test distance, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) concentration, left ventricular ejection fraction, and quality-of-life scores on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Data from the 2 dose groups were combined.

Results:

Twelve patients were enrolled; median (minimum, maximum) 6-minute walk test distance at baseline was 314 (246, 412) m. At week 12, the mean (80% CI) increase from baseline in 6-minute walk test distance was 69 (39, 100) m (median, 47 m). Median NT-proBNP concentration declined from 1409 pg/mL at baseline to 848 pg/mL at week 12. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was stable at week 12. There was a trend toward improvement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall and Clinical Summary scores at week 12. No clinically significant drug-related safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions:

ARRY-371797 was well tolerated and resulted in potential increases in functional capacity and lower concentrations of cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP in patients with
LMNA
-related dilated cardiomyopathy.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02057341.
Stroke Outcome Related to Initial Volume Status and Diuretic Use
Authors: Renner Christopher J. , Kasner Scott E. , Bath Philip M. , Bahouth Mona N. , Lees Kennedy R. , Alexandrov Andrei , Bath Philip M. , Bluhmki Erich , Bornstein Natan , Chen Christopher , Davis Stephen M. , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Donnan Geoffrey , Fisher Marc , Ginsberg Myron , Gregson Barbara , Grotta James , Hacke Werner , Hennerici Michael G. , Hommel Marc , Kaste Markku , Lyden Patrick , Marler John , Muir Keith , Roffe Christine , Sacco Ralph , Shuaib Ashfaq , Teal Philip , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Wahlgren Nils G. , Warach Steven , Weimar Christian
Published: December 2022

Background

We hypothesized that stroke outcome is related to multiple baseline hydration‐related factors including volume contracted state (VCS) and diuretic use.

Methods and Results

We analyzed a prospective cohort of subjects with ischemic stroke <24 hours of onset enrolled in acute treatment trials within VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive). A VCS was defined based on blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio. The primary end point was modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. Primary analysis used generalized ordinal logistic regression over the mRS range, adjusted for Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events score, onset‐to‐enrollment time, and thrombolytic use. Of 5971 eligible patients with stroke, 42% were taking diuretics at the time of hospitalization, and 44% were in a VCS. Patients in a VCS were older, had more vascular risk factors, were more likely taking diuretics, and had more severe strokes. Diuretic use was associated with both reduced chance of achieving a good functional outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.52–0.63]) and increased mortality at 90 days (OR, 2.30 [95% CI, 2.04–2.61]). VCS was associated with greater mortality 90 days after stroke (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.33–1.76]). There was no evidence of effect modification among the 3 exposures of VCS, diuretic use, or hypokalemia in relation to outcome.

Conclusions

A VCS at the time of hospitalization was associated with more severe stroke and odds of death but not associated with worse functional outcome when accounting for relevant characteristics. Diuretic use and low serum potassium at the time of stroke onset were associated with worse outcome and may be worthy of further investigation.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Emergency Department Visits in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Seo‐Young , Lee So‐Ryoung , Choi Eue‐Keun , Han Kyung‐Do , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: December 2022

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) differences could influence management and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), reflecting health inequalities. The authors aimed to investigate emergency department (ED) visits in patients with AF according to SES level.

Methods and Results

The authors performed a cross‐sectional analysis of ED visits in patients with nonvalvular AF using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database in 2016. The patients were divided into health premium quartiles and medical aid groups, with quartile 4 the highest SES and medical aid the lowest SES. Among patients with AF, patients who had ≥1 ED visits in 2016 were identified. The prevalence and cause of ED visits, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality, and rehospitalization risk after ED visits were evaluated. Among the total 371 017 AF patients, 99 306 patients visited the ED in 2016. The medical aid group showed the highest ED visit rate (n=11 833, 38.0%), and patients with the highest quartile of SES (quartile 4 group) showed the lowest ED visit rate (n=38 037, 30.0%). The most common cause of ED visits was cerebral infarction in all groups. The 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates and rehospitalization risk after ED visits was higher in groups with lower SES.

Conclusions

Patients with AF and with lower SES had a higher risk of ED visit rate, higher 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates, and rehospitalization risk after ED visit. Tailored AF management according to different SES levels in patients with AF is needed to improve clinical outcomes.
A Unique High‐Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Phenotype Arising From Low Systemic Vascular Resistance in Cantu Syndrome
Authors: Singh Gautam K. , McClenaghan Conor , Aggarwal Manish , Gu Hongjie , Remedi Maria S. , Grange Dorothy K. , Nichols Colin G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Cardiomegaly caused by left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for development of congestive heart failure, classically associated with decreased systolic and/or diastolic ventricular function. Less attention has been given to the phenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced ventricular function and increased cardiac output, which is potentially associated with high‐output heart failure. Lack of recognition may pose diagnostic ambiguity and management complexities.

Methods and Results

We sought to systematically characterize high‐output cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with Cantu syndrome (CS), caused by gain‐of‐function variants in
ABCC9
, which encodes cardiovascular K
ATP
(ATP‐sensitive potassium) channel subunits. We studied the cardiovascular phenotype longitudinally in 31 subjects with CS with confirmed
ABCC9
variants (median [interquartile range] age 8 years [3–32 years], body mass index 19.9 [16.5–22.9], 16 male subjects). Subjects with CS presented with significant left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index 86.7 [57.7–103.0] g/m
2
in CS, n=30; 26.6 [24.1–32.8] g/m
2
in controls, n=17;
P
<0.0001) and low blood pressure (systolic 94.5 [90–103] mm Hg in CS, n=17; 109 [98–115] mm Hg in controls, n=17;
P
=0.0301; diastolic 60 [56–66] mm Hg in CS, n=17; 69 [65–72] mm Hg in control, n=17;
P
=0.0063). Most (21/31) subjects with CS exhibited eccentric hypertrophy with normal left ventricular wall thickness. Congestive heart failure symptoms were evident in 4 of the 5 subjects with CS aged >40 years on long‐term follow‐up.

Conclusions

The data define the natural history of high‐output cardiac hypertrophy resulting from decreased systemic vascular resistance in subjects with CS, a defining population for long‐term consequences of high‐output hypertrophy caused by low systemic vascular resistance, and the potential for progression to high‐output heart failure.
The Political Economy of Protected Area Designations: Commercial Interests in Conservation Policy
Authors: Alger Justin
Published: December 2022

States have increased the pace and scale of conservation efforts in recent years as they strive to meet ambitious terrestrial and marine protected area targets. The ecological gains made in this push for protections, however, seem to be no better than if governments designated protected areas at random. Many critics point to states prioritizing quantity over quality of protections—rightly so—but this point does not fully explain the shortcomings of the global biodiversity network. The problem is more deeply rooted in the processes through which governments designate protected areas. Governments prioritize minimizing short-term commercial losses over maximizing long-term ecological gains in conservation policy processes, leading to two predominant types of protected area: residual and paper park. The causal mechanism driving these processes is how salient industry interests are in an area targeted for protections, which predicts government policy response, demonstrated here through case studies in Australia and the United States.
Tracking Urban Footprint on Extreme Precipitation in an African Megacity
Authors: Doan Quang-Van , Kobayashi Shun , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Chen Fei , He Cenlin , Niyogi Dev
Published: December 2022

This study contributes to the body of current knowledge about the urban effect on extreme precipitation (EP) by investigating the city–EP interaction over Lagos, Nigeria. This is a unique, first-time study that adds a “missing piece” of this information about the African continent to the comprehensive global urban precipitation “puzzle.” The convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is employed within an ensemble simulation framework using combinations of different physical schemes and boundary/initial conditions to detect the urban signal on an extreme rainfall event that occurred on 30 May 2006. WRF simulations are verified against satellite-estimated and in situ observations, and the results from the best-performing ensemble members are used for analysis. The results show that the control simulation with urban representation generated 20%–30% more rainfall over the urban area than the nonurban sensitivity simulation, in which the city is replaced by forest. Physical mechanisms behind the differences were revealed. We found that the urbanization in Lagos reduced evapotranspiration, resulting in the increase of sensible heating (by 75 W m−2). This further enhances the urban heat-island effect (+1.5 K of air surface temperature), facilitating horizontal convergence and boosting daytime sea breeze. As a result, more moisture is transported from the southern sea area to inland areas; the moisture then converges over Lagos city, creating favorable conditions for enhancing convection and extreme-rainfall-generating processes.
Evaluation of Three Genesis Potential Indices for Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Arabian Sea: Two Case Studies Using WRF and ERA5
Authors: Ikram Farah , Ullah Kalim , Chen Deliang
Published: December 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) generated over the Arabian Sea can cause significant damage to infrastructure, human lives, landfall, and property near inshore and maritime trade route areas. A key to successful prediction of TCs is a skillful prediction of potential cyclogenesis locations. This study focuses on evaluating three genesis potential indices (GPIs) derived from a global reanalysis (ERA5) and dynamically downscaling using a regional model (WRF) for two TC cases: Gonu in 2007 and Kyarr in 2019, selected by analyzing the accumulated cyclone energy trend from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset over the period of 1981–2019. The two TCs belong to category 4 and above on the Saffir–Simpson scale. To test the sensitivity of downscaling to cumulus parameterizations, two WRF experiments were conducted using the Kain–Fritsch and New Tiedke cumulus schemes, respectively. The calculated genesis locations with help of the three GPIs were compared with IBTrACS. The results show that 1) all indices have reasonable skills in reproducing genesis locations, although their performances differ somewhat; 2) the dynamic downscaling with two WRF experiments added value to the study by comparing two numerical schemes for estimating genesis locations; and 3) WRF with the New Tiedke and Kain–Fritsch schemes showed good skill in reproducing the spatial distribution of the most relevant dynamical parameters. The pattern correlations are well correlated with environmental parameters of untransformed GPI and higher correlations with binary logarithmic transformed GPI. The applicability to other cyclones is also tested (e.g., TC Nilofar in 2014) with encouraging results. This study demonstrates the usefulness of GPIs for forecasting TC genesis in the region.

Significance Statement

The trend analysis of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) over the Arabian Sea (AS) shows an increase over the period of 1981–2019 with the highest ACE values for 2019. The genesis potential indices (GPI) show strong ability for use as a forecasting tool for tropical cyclone genesis, and hence, are helpful for providing a reference for future studies. WRF experiments were able to reproduce the GPI with slight differences from the observations and ERA5. WRF schemes show good performance in reproducing key meteorological fields. The analysis of the GPI and WRF schemes shows the potential to be implemented for maritime forecasts of the tropical cyclones in the region. This study will be helpful scientifically and strategically with a significant impact on socioeconomic activities in the region.
Trends and Demographic Differences in the Incidence and Mean Age of Starting to Smoke Cigarettes Regularly, National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2018
Authors: Cheng Yiling J. , Cornelius Monica E. , Wang Teresa W. , Homa David M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Surveillance of cigarette smoking behavior provides evidence for evaluating the impact of current tobacco control measures. We examined temporal changes and demographic differences in the incidence and mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly in the United States.

Methods:

We conducted retrospective birth-cohort and cross-sectional analyses using self-reported data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey to evaluate trends and demographic differences in the incidence and mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly among participants aged 18-84 years. We estimated the incidence and mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly by using Poisson and linear regression.

Results:

Among adults born during 1950-1999, the incidence of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly before age 35 years decreased by 18.8% (95% CI, 17.0%-20.7%) per 10 years, with a peak incidence at age about age 18 years. Male, non-Hispanic White, and US-born people had a higher incidence of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly than female, other racial and ethnic, and non–US-born people, respectively ( P < .001 for all). From 1997 to 2018, the mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly decreased by 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.6%) per 10 years among adults who ever smoked.

Conclusion:

The incidence of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly decreased dramatically at all ages during the study period, which suggests a positive impact of current tobacco control measures. For evaluating trends in starting to smoke cigarettes regularly, incidence can be a more sensitive indicator of temporal change than mean age. Differences in smoking incidence by demographic subgroup suggest that additional opportunities exist to further reduce the incidence of starting to smoke cigarettes regularly.
Intelligent identification of film on cotton based on hyperspectral imaging and convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Zongbin , Zhao Ling , Yu Xin , Zhang Yiqing , Cui Jianping , Ni Chao , Zhang Laigang
Published: December 2022

The identification of the film on cotton is of great significance for the improvement of cotton quality. Most of the existing technologies are dedicated to removing colored foreign fibers from cotton using photoelectric sorting methods. However, the current technologies are difficult to identify colorless transparent film, which becomes an obstacle for the harvest of high-quality cotton. In this paper, an intelligent identification method is proposed to identify the colorless and transparent film on cotton, based on short-wave near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and convolutional neural network (CNN). The algorithm includes black-and-white correction of hyperspectral images, hyperspectral data dimensionality reduction, CNN model training and testing. The key technology is that the features of the hyperspectral image data are degraded by the principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the amount of computing time. The main innovation is that the colorless and transparent film on cotton can be accurately identified through a CNN with the performance of automatic feature extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the identification precision, compared with the traditional methods. After the simulation experiment, the method proposed in this paper has a recognition rate of 98.5% for film. After field testing, the selection rate of film is as high as 96.5%, which meets the actual production needs.
Fault detection in multimodal processes based on the local entropy double subspace
Authors: Guo Jinyu , Zhao Wenjun , Li Yuan
Published: December 2022

Recently, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) have attracted increasing attention for fault detection in industrial processes. However, industrial processes usually have multimodal characteristics, in which case, the performance of traditional PCA and ICA methods is poor. A fault detection method based on the local entropy double subspace (LEDS) is proposed that effectively supervises the multimodal process with multiple steady modes. The proposed method uses the local probability density (LPD) to eliminate the multimodal characteristics of the data. Furthermore, local entropy (LE) is applied to mine the statistical information associated with the process data. The process variables are classified into Gaussian and non-Gaussian subspaces by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test. PCA and ICA models are built in Gaussian and non-Gaussian subspaces, respectively, for fault detection. A Bayesian decision method is employed to transform the detection results into fault probabilities, and the detection results are combined with the final statistical information. This method effectively eliminates the multicentre structure of the data and improves the fault detection performance of traditional PCA and ICA. The proposed method is applied to the Tennessee Eastman multimodal process. The simulation results show that the fault detection rate of LEDS is better than the rates of traditional methods when the false alarm rate is low for most faults.
Developmental characteristics of a 0- to 3-year-old gifted child based on video analysis
Authors: Bildiren Ahmet , Firat Tahsin , Kavruk Sevinç Z.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present case study was to conduct a detailed analysis of the developmental characteristics of a gifted child. WISC-R intelligence test was administered to a 7-year-old participant. The test result was 140 IQ. The early developmental characteristics of the participant were evaluated using parent-recorded videos over a 3-year period, from birth to 3 years of age. First, all video recordings were transcribed by the research team, then the accuracy and completeness of the transcriptions were verified. The results showed that the participant displayed early gifted developmental characteristics in fine motor skills, cognitive, language, social, and personal developmental domains.
PDGFRβ-positive cell-mediated post-stroke remodeling of fibronectin and laminin α2 for tissue repair and functional recovery
Authors: Shibahara Tomoya , Nakamura Kuniyuki , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Shijo Masahiro , Yamanaka Kei , Takashima Masamitsu , Takaki Hayato , Hidaka Masaoki , Kitazono Takanari , Ago Tetsuro
Published: December 2022

Post-stroke intra-infarct repair promotes peri-infarct neural reorganization leading to functional recovery. Herein, we examined the remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) that constitute the intact basal membrane after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. Among ECM, collagen type IV remained localized on small vessel walls surrounding CD31-positive endothelial cells within infarct areas. Fibronectin was gradually deposited from peri-infarct areas to the ischemic core, in parallel with the accumulation of PDGFRβ-positive cells. Cultured PDGFRβ-positive pericytes produced fibronectin, which was enhanced by the treatment with PDGF-BB. Intra-infarct deposition of fibronectin was significantly attenuated in pericyte-deficient Pdgfrb+/−mice. Phagocytic activity of macrophages against myelin debris was significantly enhanced on fibronectin-coated dishes. In contrast, laminin α2, produced by GFAP- and aquaporin 4-positive astrocytes, accumulated strongly in the boundary of peri-infarct areas. Pericyte-conditioned medium increased the expression of laminin α2 in cultured astrocytes, partly through TGFβ1. Laminin α2 increased the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes and the expression of myelin-associated proteins. Peri-infarct deposition of laminin α2 was significantly reduced in Pdgfrb+/−mice, with attenuated oligodendrogenesis in peri-infarct areas. Collectively, intra-infarct PDGFRβ-positive cells may orchestrate post-stroke remodeling of key ECM that create optimal environments promoting clearance of myelin debris and peri-infarct oligodendrogenesis.
Threat, Latinx Racialization, and Grassroots Leadership: Understanding Mobilization in Southern California’s Anti-Gang Injunction Movement
Authors: Scott Alexander
Published: December 2022

Under what conditions do Latinx communities mobilize in response to threats of repressive policing? This article addresses this question by comparing three cases of community organizing against civil gang injunctions. Drawing on six years of ethnographic fieldwork, 20 semi-structured interviews, and analysis of news reports, my findings reveal that mobilization was achieved in low-income Latinx neighborhoods located within affluent White cities, where organizers drew upon strong ties to community insiders to combine analyses of the threat of citywide gang injunctions with critiques of White racism and political power. Conversely, mobilization did not occur when this strategy was used to organize a low-income Latinx neighborhood within a primarily working-class, Latinx city, where organizers confronted a more narrowly targeted gang injunction and had weaker ties to community insiders. I argue this lack of mobilization in the latter campaign cannot only be attributed to the insufficient threat posed by the gang injunction. Rather, local racial and ethnic dynamics, where Chicanx organizers struggled to develop grassroots leadership among community insiders, build solidarity with first-generation Latinx immigrants and link threats of repressive policing to anti-Latinx racism impeded mobilization. These findings highlight how popular mobilization against perceived threats of repressive policing is not race-neutral but instead depends upon racial and ethnic contexts where organizers can effectively link the issue to White racism.
Comparison of Continuous Albumin Infusion, Bolus Albumin, and Crystalloid Fluid Administration in Open-Abdomen Surgical-Trauma Patients
Authors: Goad Nathan T. , Alexander Earnest , Allen Christopher , Cha John Y.
Published: December 2022

Background: The open abdomen (OA), an intentional lack of fascial closure following abdominal cavity opening, is utilized for various indications among surgical-trauma patients. Among intravenous fluid options, administration of albumin as a continuous infusion may improve outcomes in OA. The purpose of this study is to compare the time to abdomen closure among patients with OA according to type of fluid administration. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with OA from 2012 through 2018 and stratified by intravenous fluid administration into one of three groups: continuous albumin infusion, intermittent bolus albumin, or crystalloid. The primary outcome was median time to abdomen closure. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamic parameters, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Time to final abdomen closure was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Eighty-four patients were included with 28 in each cohort. Compared to crystalloids (44.2 [interquartile range, IQR, 36.3-62.9] hours), median time to abdomen closure was significantly longer in bolus albumin (79.0 [IQR, 44.5-130.8] hours; P = .002) and continuous albumin groups (63.6 [IQR, 42.9-139.6] hours; P = .001) in Cox regression analysis. The incidence of hospital mortality was highest in the bolus albumin cohort (continuous albumin: 21.4% vs bolus albumin: 50.0% vs crystalloid: 25.0%; P = .044). All other secondary outcomes were similar between groups. Conclusions: Among patients with OA, administration of intravenous crystalloid was associated with the shortest time to abdomen closure compared to bolus or continuous albumin. Further evaluation of continuous albumin infusion in patients with OA is needed.
The study of internal heat and variable gravity field on the onset of convection in a sparsely packed porous medium
Authors: Ragoju Ravi , Shekhar Suman , Reddy Gundlapally Shiva Kumar , Reddy Gali Janardhana
Published: December 2022

The qualitative influence of internal heat and variable gravity field on the onset of convection in a sparsely packed porous layer with horizontal fluid-saturated are investigated. Linear stability analysis is performed using the normal mode technique. The dimensionless governing equations with four cases of gravity field variation: (1) [Formula: see text], (2) [Formula: see text], (3) [Formula: see text], and (4) [Formula: see text] are solved using bvp4c in MATLAB R2020a and the corresponding eigenvalue problem is calculated for three types of boundaries, namely free-free, rigid-free, and rigid-rigid, respectively. The effect of an internal heat parameter [Formula: see text], Darcy number [Formula: see text], and gravity variation parameter [Formula: see text] for the stability of the system is investigated graphically. The critical value of the Rayleigh number and corresponding wavenumber are calculated for other fixed parameters. It is observed that internal heat parameters enhance the onset of convection, whereas the gravity variation parameter delays the same. It is also observed that the system becomes more stable for the exponential variable gravity function and less stable for the cubic variable gravity function.