bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography for the prediction of functional severity in true bifurcation lesions: Insights from the randomized DK‐CRUSH II, III, and IV trials
Authors: Zhang Yao‐Jun , Zhu Hao , Shi Shun‐Yi , Muramatsu Takashi , Pan Dao‐Rong , Ye Fei , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Tian Nai‐Liang , Bourantas Christos V. , Chen Shao‐Liang
Published: February 2016

Objective

This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D‐QCA) compared with conventional 2D‐QCA for predicting functional severity assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR) for true bifurcation lesions.

Methods

Based on pooled data from the randomized DK‐CRUSH II, III, and IV trials, we evaluated the patients with true bifurcation lesions who underwent coronary angiography together with functional evaluations using FFR in both the main vessel and the side branch. Off‐line 2D‐ and 3D‐QCA analyses were conducted using dedicated bifurcation QCA analysis software. Measurements of minimum lumen diameter (MLD), percentage diameter stenosis (% DS), and minimum lumen area (MLA) were compared between 2D‐ and 3D‐QCA, and we evaluated their predictive values of functionally significant FFR.

Results

Ninety patients were eligible for enrollment in the present study. In the main vessel, MLA measured by 3D‐QCA was the most accurate predictor of FFR <0.75 (C statistic 0.85, P < 0.001), while MLD measured by 2D‐QCA was a similarly accurate predictor (C statistic 0.85, P < 0.001). In the side branch, the best metrics for predicting FFR <0.75 were % DS measured by 2D‐QCA with a C statistic value of 0.91 (P < 0.001) and MLA measured by 3D‐QCA with a C statistic value of 0.81 (P < 0.001). However, both 2D‐ and 3D‐QCA metrics exhibited low accuracies for predicting FFR <0.75 in intermediate bifurcation lesions.

Conclusions

3D‐QCA analysis for true bifurcation lesions did not improve the predictive accuracy of functionally significant FFR compared with 2D‐QCA analysis. In lesions with intermediate stenosis, the diagnostic performance of both 2D‐ and 3D‐QCA‐derived measurements in differentiating functional severity is limited. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restenosis after PCI: Battered but not beaten
Authors: Safian Robert D.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

In patients with bare‐metal stent (BMS) restenosis, drug‐eluting stents (DES) are superior to vascular brachytherapy (VBT), leading to a lower risk of clinical restenosis and target vessel revascularization, but not to less stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or death; these benefits persist for 2–5 years.

The optimal management of DES restenosis is unknown, but recent studies suggest that drug‐eluting balloons (DEB) and DES have similar efficacy and safety.

Since DEB are not commercially available in the United States, VBT may be a reasonable alternative to repeated DES.
The cross‐mammalian neurophenomenology of primal emotional affects: From animal feelings to human therapeutics
Authors: Panksepp Jaak
Published: February 2016

The neuralcorrelatesof human emotions are easy to harvest. In contrast, the neuralconstitutionof emotional feelings in humans has resisted systematic scientific analysis. This review summarizes how preclinical affective neuroscience initiatives are making progress in decoding the neural nature of such feelings in animal brains. This has been achieved by studying the rewarding and punishing effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subcortical emotional networks (labeled SEEING, RAGE, FEAR, LUST, CARE, PANIC, and PLAY systems) that evoke distinct emotion action patterns, as well as rewarding and punishing effects in animals. The implications of this knowledge for development of new psychiatric interventions, especially depression, are discussed. Three new antidepressive therapeutics arising from this work are briefly noted: 1) DBS of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in humans, 2) reduction of psychological pain that may arise from excessive PANIC arousal, and 3) facilitation of social joy through the study of social play in rats The overall argument is that we may more readily develop new psychiatric interventions through preclinical models if we take animal emotional feelings seriously, as opposed to just behavioral changes, as targets for development of new treatments. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1624–1635, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity of Matrin 3 in the developing and aging murine central nervous system
Authors: Rayaprolu Sruti , D'Alton Simon , Crosby Keith , Moloney Christina , Howard John , Duffy Colin , Cabrera Mariela , Siemienski Zoe , Hernandez Abigail R. , Gallego‐Iradi Carolina , Borchelt David R. , Lewis Jada
Published: February 2016

Mutations in the MATR3 gene encoding the nucleotide binding protein Matrin 3 have recently been identified as causing a subset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and more rarely causing distal myopathy. Translating the identification of MATR3 mutations into an understanding of disease pathogenesis and the creation of mouse models requires a complete understanding of normal Matrin 3 levels and distribution in vivo. Consequently, we examined the levels of murine Matrin 3 in body tissues and regions of the central nervous system (CNS). We observed a significant degree of variability in Matrin 3 protein levels among different tissues of adult animals, with the highest levels found in reproductive organs and the lowest in muscle. Within the adult CNS, Matrin 3 levels were lowest in spinal cord. Further, we found that Matrin 3 declines significantly in CNS through early development and young adulthood before stabilizing. As previously reported, antibodies to Matrin 3 primarily stain nuclei, but the intensity of staining was not uniform in all nuclei. The low levels of Matrin 3 in spinal cord and muscle could mean that that these tissues are particularly vulnerable to alterations in Matrin 3 function. Our study is the first to characterize endogenous Matrin 3 in rodents across the lifespan, providing the groundwork for deciphering disease mechanisms and developing mouse models of MATR3‐linked ALS. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2740–2752, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrolyte and acid‐base abnormalities associated with purging behaviors
Authors: Mehler Philip S. , Walsh Kristine
Published: February 2016

Objective

Eating disorders that are associated with purging behaviors are complicated by frequent blood electrolyte and acid‐base abnormalities. Herein, we review the major electrolyte and acid‐base abnormalities and their treatment methods. The body of rigorous, eating disorder‐specific literature on this topical area is not robust enough to perform a systematic review as defined by PRISMA guidelines. Therefore, a qualitative review of mostly medical literature was conducted.

Results

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and sodium chloride‐responsive metabolic alkalosis are the most common serum changes that occur as a result of purging behaviors. They vary depending on the mode and frequency of purging behaviors. They can all potentially cause dangerous medical complications and are in need of definitive medical treatment.

Discussion

Eating disorders that are associated with purging behaviors are associated with a number of electrolyte and acid‐base changes which are complex in their origin, documented to be medically dangerous and this definitive treatment is necessary to help achieve a successful treatment outcome, and in need of definitive treatment as described herein.
A Bisamide Derivative of [Mn(1,4‐DO2A)] – Solution Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and NMR Relaxometric Studies
Authors: Forgács Attila , Tei Lorenzo , Baranyai Zsolt , Tóth Imre , Zékány László , Botta Mauro
Published: February 2016

A new 1,4‐DO2A‐bisamide [1,4‐DO2AM; 1,4‐DO2A = 2,2′‐(1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4‐diyl)diacetic acid] ligand was synthesized, and its MnII complex was prepared and investigated in detail by solution thermodynamic, kinetic, and 1H and 17O NMR relaxometric measurements. Although the stability constant of [Mn(1,4‐DO2AM)]2+ (log KMnL = 12.64) is 2.5 log K units lower than that of [Mn(1,4‐DO2A)], its kinetic inertness, investigated through its transmetallation reactions with Zn2+ ions, is much higher. In particular, the dissociation half‐life (t1/2) of [Mn(1,4‐DO2AM)]2+ is ten times higher than that of [Mn(1,4‐DO2A)] (t1/2 = 556 vs. 49 h, pH 7.4). The longer rotational correlation time (τR = 53 ps) for [Mn(1,4‐DO2AM)]2+ is mainly responsible for the slightly higher (+20 %) relaxivity (r1 = 2.5 mM–1 s–1, 20 MHz, 25 °C) with respect to that of [Mn(1,4‐DO2A)]. Notably, the water exchange rate of the coordinated water molecule is one order of magnitude slower than that of [Mn(1,4‐DO2A)] (298kex = 115 ± 6 × 106 s–1). Finally, the dynamic properties of [Zn(1,4‐DO2AM)] were investigated by NMR spectroscopy, and the decoordination and arm‐rotation processes of the acetamide pendant arms were followed.
Observations on the Influence of Precursor Conformations on Macrocyclization Reactions
Authors: Hammershøj Peter , Beldring Klavs , Nielsen Anders R. , Fristrup Peter , Clausen Mads H.
Published: February 2016

Macrocycles hold great promise in drug discovery as an underutilized class of lead compounds. The low abundance of these molecules can, in part, be explained by the inherent difficulties in the synthesis of macrocycles and the lack of general methods for their rapid assembly. We have undertaken a research program aimed at developing methods for facile synthesis of macrocycles from simple precursors. The synthesis of two new cyclization precursors is described and the results of their reaction with thionyl chloride are presented and discussed. Whereas one acyclic diol smoothly underwent macrocyclization to afford a mixture of diastereomeric sulfites, subjection of the other precursor to identical reaction conditions resulted in the isolation of the linear dichloride. We hypothesize that there is a difference in the ability of the two molecules to adopt a conformation that is germane to macrocyclization, a proposition that is supported by conformational analyses using molecular mechanics.
Computational Design, Synthesis and Application of a New Selective Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Abdel Ghani Nour T. , Mohamed El Nashar Rasha , Abdel‐Haleem Fatehy M. , Madbouly Adel
Published: February 2016

A computational approach was developed to find a suitable functional monomer to design a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), based on which methacyrlic acid (MAA) was selected as a functional monomer to synthesize the molecular imprinted and non‐imprinted polymers. All calculations were carried out using Gaussian 03 software based on the application of Hartree−Fock (HF) method with 6‐31G (d) basis set. The performance of the MIPs prepared with different ratios of MAA was then evaluated using equilibrium rebinding assays. The MIP with the highest binding capacity was chosen as recognition material for the fabrication of new PVC sensors and their responses were compared with each other and with previously reported modifiers in literature. The addition of the ionic surfactant (TFPB) was found to have a synergistic effect on the response mechanism of the electrodes. The results of the MIP modified sensors show that they provide an improved electrode slope, wider pH range and a highly extended life time reaching 7 months compared to 2–4 weeks in case of traditional ion‐exchangers reported in literature, besides, being successfully applied for measurements in biological samples.
The prediction of combustion behavior and pollutant species by changing intake valve closure time
Authors: Tavakoli S. , Domiri D. , Zareei A.
Published: February 2016

Using the finite‐volume method, the relations between different cam shafts profiles have been derived while the intake valve opening time and maximum lift are equal and the engine is equipped with a turbo charger. For this purpose, all equations are solved in one dimensional GT POWER and three‐dimensional AVL FIRE software. The results, such as engine performance and in‐cylinder pressure and temperature are presented. They show that with earlier intake valve closure, it is possible to decrease maximum in‐cylinder pressure as well as maximum temperature, while engine output variation is negligible. Concerning emission species, NOx—as one of the most important emissions in gas engines—is almost reduced by half by reduction in intake valve opening time, although the amount of both unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide shows an increasing trend. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 786–793, 2016
Bioaccessibility tests accurately estimate bioavailability of lead to quail
Authors: Beyer W. Nelson , Basta Nicholas T. , Chaney Rufus L. , Henry Paula F. P. , Mosby David E. , Rattner Barnett A. , Scheckel Kirk G. , Sprague Daniel T. , Weber John S.
Published: February 2016

Hazards of soil-borne lead (Pb) to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known. To better understand the bioavailability of Pb to birds, the authors measured blood Pb concentrations in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing Pb-contaminated soils. Relative bioavailabilities were expressed by comparison with blood Pb concentrations in quail fed a Pb acetate reference diet. Diets containing soil from 5 Pb-contaminated Superfund sites had relative bioavailabilities from 33% to 63%, with a mean of approximately 50%. Treatment of 2 of the soils with phosphorus (P) significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb. Bioaccessibility of Pb in the test soils was then measured in 6 in vitro tests and regressed on bioavailability: the relative bioavailability leaching procedure at pH 1.5, the same test conducted at pH 2.5, the Ohio State University in vitro gastrointestinal method, the urban soil bioaccessible lead test, the modified physiologically based extraction test, and the waterfowl physiologically based extraction test. All regressions had positive slopes. Based on criteria of slope and coefficient of determination, the relative bioavailability leaching procedure at pH 2.5 and Ohio State University in vitro gastrointestinal tests performed very well. Speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that, on average, most of the Pb in the sampled soils was sorbed to minerals (30%), bound to organic matter (24%), or present as Pb sulfate (18%). Additional Pb was associated with P (chloropyromorphite, hydroxypyromorphite, and tertiary Pb phosphate) and with Pb carbonates, leadhillite (a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide), and Pb sulfide. The formation of chloropyromorphite reduced the bioavailability of Pb, and the amendment of Pb-contaminated soils with P may be a thermodynamically favored means to sequester Pb. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2311–2319. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Development of Helisoma trivolvis pond snails as biological samplers for biomonitoring of current-use pesticides
Authors: Morrison Shane A. , Belden Jason B.
Published: February 2016

Nontarget aquatic organisms residing in wetlands are commonly exposed to current-use pesticides through spray drift and runoff. However, it is frequently challenging to measure exposure because of rapid dissipation of pesticides from water and reduced bioavailability. The authors' hypothesis is that freshwater snails can serve as bioindicators of pesticide exposure based on their capacity to passively accumulate tissue residues. Helisoma trivolvis snails were evaluated as biomonitors of pesticide exposure using a fungicide formulation that contains pyraclostrobin and metconazole and is frequently applied to crops surrounding depressional wetlands. Exposure–response studies indicate that H. trivolvis are tolerant of pyraclostrobin and metconazole at concentrations >10 times those lethal to many aquatic species, with a median lethal concentration based on pyraclostrobin of 441 μg/L (95% confidence interval of 359–555 μg/L). Bioconcentration factors ranged from 137 mL/g to 211 mL/g and from 39 mL/g to 59 mL/g for pyraclostrobin and metconazole, respectively. Elimination studies suggested one-compartmental elimination and snail tissue half-lives (t50) of approximately 15 h and 5 h for pyraclostrobin and metconazole, respectively. Modeling derived toxicokinetic parameters in the context of an environmentally relevant pulsed exposure suggests that residues can be measured in snails long after water concentrations fall below detection limits. With high fungicide tolerance, rapid accumulation, and slow elimination, H. trivolvis may be viable for biomonitoring of pyraclostrobin and should be investigated for other pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2320–2329. © 2016 SETAC
Trace fossils from the Middle and Upper Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian) molasse deposits of the Pamplona Basin (Navarre, western Pyrenees): palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Astibia Humberto , Rodríguez‐Tovar Francisco Javier , Díaz‐Martínez Ignacio , Payros Aitor , Ortiz Silvia
Published: February 2016

An ichnological study was carried out in the Middle–Upper Eocene sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin. This succession represents the molasse stage of the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep‐marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Liédena Sandstone Member, Gendulain Formation). The tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin can also be recognized by means of the ichnoassemblages preserved throughout the succession and by the ichnofacies analysis. A total of 23 ichnogenera and at least 28 ichnospecies have been identified. The assemblage of the Ezkaba Sandstone is characteristic of the deep‐sea Nereites ichnofacies. The Ophiomorpha rudis and the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies can be differentiated in this unit, which are typical of channel axis and off‐axis environments. Trace fossils in the Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations, with dominance of Thalassinoides and especially Ophiomorpha, could be related to the Cruziana ichnofacies, developed in relatively low‐energy environments, in semicohesive muddy substrates with intercalated silt and sand. The ichnofauna of the Liédena Sandstone Member is composed of bird tracks, and invertebrate horizontal and vertical structures. Microbial mat impressions also occur. The evidence suggests that microbial mats acted as a taphonomic bias favouring the preservation of vertebrate tracks and conditioning the presence of other trace fossils. Consequently, the assignation of this ichnofauna to a specific ichnofacies is tentative, most likely a combination of the Mermia and Scoyenia ichnofacies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinicopathological correlates of depression in early Alzheimer's disease in the NACC
Authors: McCutcheon Sarah T. , Han Dingfen , Troncoso Juan , Koliatsos Vassilis E. , Albert Marilyn , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Depression may be a prodrome to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed whether AD neuropathology is associated with depression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia (dAD).

Methods

All clinical and neuropathological data for this study came from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). Healthy control (HC, n = 120), MCI (n = 77), and mild dAD (n = 93) patients who underwent brain autopsy were included. In regression models with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as the outcome, neuritic plaque (NP) score or Braak Stages of neurofibrillary (NF) pathology were covariates.

Results

GDS was not associated with cognitive status, NP score, Braak Stages, or their interaction. In both models, a history of TIAs, depression within the last 2 years, current benzodiazepine use, and greater severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with greater depression. In the Braak Stages model, less education was another significant predictor.

Conclusions

Depression in early AD appears to be independent of NP and NF pathology. Studies are needed to investigate other mechanisms that may be responsible for depression in MCI and dAD.
The relationship between age and neurocognitive and daily functioning in adults with hoarding disorder
Authors: Dozier Mary E. , Wetherell Julie L. , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Ayers Catherine R.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Given the increase in hoarding symptoms with age, there is a pressing need for understanding the clinical features as they relate to potential interventions for older adults with hoarding disorder (HD). The aim of the current investigation was to explore age‐related differences in the level of functional and cognitive impairment in individuals with HD.

Methods

The current study utilized the baseline assessments of 122 adults with HD. Age‐related differences in the raw scores of psychiatric, cognitive, and daily functioning were analyzed using a series of multiple regression models controlling for the possible age‐related differences in premorbid IQ.

Results

Our results suggested that older adults with HD may experience increased levels of impairment in skills related to executive functioning and everyday functioning when compared with younger adults with HD.

Conclusions

Given these difficulties with neurocognitive functioning, older HD patients may require interventions that focus more on behavioral and functional skills, rather than focusing on changing thought processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testosterone affects language areas of the adult human brain
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Kranz Georg S. , Sladky Ronald , Kaufmann Ulrike , Ganger Sebastian , Hummer Allan , Seiger Rene , Spies Marie , Vanicek Thomas , Winkler Dietmar , Kasper Siegfried , Windischberger Christian , Swaab Dick F. , Lanzenberger Rupert
Published: February 2016

Although the sex steroid hormone testosterone is integrally involved in the development of language processing, ethical considerations mostly limit investigations to single hormone administrations. To circumvent this issue we assessed the influence of continuous high‐dose hormone application in adult female‐to‐male transsexuals. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after 4 weeks of testosterone treatment, with each scan including structural, diffusion weighted and functional imaging. Voxel‐based morphometry analysis showed decreased gray matter volume with increasing levels of bioavailable testosterone exclusively in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Particularly, this may link known sex differences in language performance to the influence of testosterone on relevant brain regions. Using probabilistic tractography, we further observed that longitudinal changes in testosterone negatively predicted changes in mean diffusivity of the corresponding structural connection passing through the extreme capsule. Considering a related increase in myelin staining in rodents, this potentially reflects a strengthening of the fiber tract particularly involved in language comprehension. Finally, functional images at resting‐state were evaluated, showing increased functional connectivity between the two brain regions with increasing testosterone levels. These findings suggest testosterone‐dependent neuroplastic adaptations in adulthood within language‐specific brain regions and connections. Importantly, deteriorations in gray matter volume seem to be compensated by enhancement of corresponding structural and functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1738–1748, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of surgical techniques for mandibular reconstruction using free fibula flaps: The next generation
Authors: Monaco Casian , Stranix John T. , Avraham Tomer , Brecht Lawrence , Saadeh Pierre B. , Hirsch David , Levine Jamie P.
Published: February 2016

Background

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has contributed to a number of technical innovations in mandible reconstruction. We report on these innovations and the overall evolution of mandible reconstruction using free fibula flaps at our institution.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent virtually planned free fibula flap reconstruction of the mandible. Comparisons were made between cohorts based on distinct eras related to the virtual planning approach.

Results

Seventy‐six patients underwent a total of 78 VSP‐assisted mandible reconstructions with free fibula flaps. Significant differences were noted among the groups with regard to mean number of segments, percentage of flaps that had at least 3 segments, percentage of flaps that had double‐barrel components, and innovations per flap.

Conclusion

VSP‐assisted mandible reconstruction has contributed to more complex surgeries at our institution. The technology ensures functional restoration, permitting an optimized aesthetic reconstruction that has not increased operative times or complications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2066–E2073, 2016
Genetic association analysis of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subunit gene GRIN2B and clinical response to clozapine
Authors: Taylor Danielle L. , Tiwari Arun K. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Potkin Steven G. , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Knight Jo , Remington Gary , Müller Daniel J. , Kennedy James L.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to antipsychotic therapy and are classified as having treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. Clozapine is the most efficacious drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and may deliver superior therapeutic effects partly by modulating glutamate neurotransmission. Response to clozapine is highly variable and may depend on genetic factors as indicated by twin studies. We investigated eight polymorphisms in the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptor subunit gene GRIN2B with response to clozapine.

Methods

GRIN2B variants were genotyped using standard TaqMan procedures in 175 European patients with schizophrenia deemed resistant or intolerant to treatment. Response was assessed using change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores following six months of clozapine therapy. Categorical and continuous response was assessed using chi‐squared test and analysis of covariance, respectively.

Results

No associations were observed between the variants and response to clozapine. A‐allele carriers of rs1072388 responded marginally better to clozapine therapy than GG‐homozygotes; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.067, uncorrected).

Conclusions

Our findings do not support a role for these GRIN2B variants in altering response to clozapine in our sample. Investigation of additional glutamate variants in clozapine response is warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ulcerative colitis with hepatitis B virus infection treated successfully by granulocyte monocyte apheresis
Authors: Saito Hisako , Hanafusa Norio , Kishikawa Junko , Noiri Eisei , Sunami Eiji , Ishihara Soichiro , Watanabe Toshiaki , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: February 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat IBD patients. Clinicians have strong concerns about using immunosuppressive therapies for IBD patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because aggressive immunosuppressive therapy can promote reactivation of HBV. For that reason, physicians hesitate to use steroids or other immunosuppressive drugs for IBD patients with HBV infection. Granulocyte monocyte apheresis (GMA) is a safe and effective therapy for UC patients. In Japan, a maximum of 11 sessions of GMA are allowed for moderate‐to‐severe, steroid‐resistant UC patients. However, the effects of GMA on HBV remain unclear. This case report describes a 39‐year‐old man with active UC complicated by HBV infection. Although his symptoms improved with steroid treatment while under entecavir therapy, clinical remission could not be maintained after the steroid dosage was decreased, so GMA was started. After GMA initiation, the frequency of diarrhea decreased and his symptoms improved, and the steroid dosage could be decreased. During the course of GMA, the patient did not experience deterioration in his hepatitis and the HBV DNA level gradually decreased, although GMA itself did not affect the HBV DNA level during each session of GMA. Results show that GMA is a safe and efficacious strategy against UC complicated by HBV without affecting hepatitis because GMA had no remarkable effect on HBV activity. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:584–586, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Application of TRUE Math Programming Optimization for Finance: The Optimized Income Statement (OIS)
Authors: Dybvig Alan
Published: February 2016

The time has come for Finance to get started to apply optimization/advanced analytics. By applying advanced analytics to the income statement, the “one report every organization needs,” it is now possible to optimize it, creating an optimized income statement (OIS). The key deliverables of an OIS are an updated forecast that is maximally profitable and an updated supply chain that is the optimally feasible one required to make and fulfill the new forecast. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strategic Benefits of Integrating the Managerial Accounting Function With Supply Chain Management
Authors: Vann Carol E.
Published: February 2016

The importance of supply chain management has increased over time as a result of more intense global competition, shorter product life, and rapidly changing technologies. This study examines recent academic research to offer practitioners insight into the benefits of incorporating three‐dimensional concurrent engineering and strategic cost management into the design of their supply chain. It has been shown that this integration can enable companies to achieve their strategic goals of improving their organization's operational and financial performance, reducing costs, increasing customer value and satisfaction, and maintaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing IT Change—Financial Management
Authors: Worster Art , Weirich Thomas R. , Andera Frank
Published: February 2016

While attempting to manage IT change, financial management needs to focus on two important issues: the typical financial business requirements and also the configuration issues associated with the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. After a discussion of basic information technology (IT) change issues, this article focuses on the implications for the financial management function. The net result of the discussion is that financial leaders—and in particular, management accountants—have a much broader role in the design, testing, and execution of all of these systems. Since most business transactions occur in a department outside of the financial function, the ability of the management accountants and financial leaders to play a key role in the design and implementation has increased dramatically. So, too, has the responsibility for not only the design but the auditing of these systems, not only at the outset but as changes are made over the life of the application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time‐Driven Activity‐Based Costing: An Implementation in a Manufacturing Company
Authors: Öker Figen , Adıgüzel Hümeyra
Published: February 2016

This article demonstrates the implementation of time‐driven activity‐based costing (TDABC) in a manufacturing company, showing how it can provide far more relevant information about product profitability and capacity utilization than standard costing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are located at a closer proximity to capillaries in healthy young compared with older men
Authors: Nederveen Joshua P , Joanisse Sophie , Snijders Tim , Ivankovic Victoria , Baker Steven K. , Phillips Stuart M. , Parise Gianni
Published: February 2016

Background

Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are instrumental in maintenance of muscle fibres, the adaptive responses to exercise, and there is an age‐related decline in SC. A spatial relationship exists between SC and muscle fibre capillaries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether chronologic age has an impact on the spatial relationship between SC and muscle fibre capillaries. Secondly, we determined whether this spatial relationship changes in response to a single session of resistance exercise.

Methods

Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of previously untrained young men (YM, 24 ± 3 years; n = 23) and older men (OM, 67 ± 4 years; n = 22) at rest. A subset of YM (n = 9) performed a single bout of resistance exercise, where additional muscle biopsies taken at 24 and 72 h post‐exercise recovery. Skeletal muscle fibre capillarization, SC content, and activation status were assessed using immunofluorescent microscopy of muscle cross sections.

Results

Type II muscle fibre SC and capillary content was significantly lower in the YM compared with OM (P < 0.05). Furthermore, type II muscle fibre SC were located at a greater distance from the nearest capillary in OM compared with YM (21.6 ± 1.3 vs. 17.0 ± 0.8 µm, respectively; P < 0.05). In response to a single bout of exercise, we observed a significant increase in SC number and activation status (P < 0.05). In addition, activated vs. quiescent SC were situated closer (P < 0.05) to capillaries.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that there is a greater distance between capillaries and type II fibre‐associated SC in OM as compared with YM. Furthermore, quiescent SC are located significantly further away from capillaries than active SC after single bout of exercise. Our data have implications for how muscle adapts to exercise and how aging may affect such adaptations.
Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on left atrial appendage flow velocities
Authors: Ando Tomo , Holmes Anthony A. , Slovut David P. , Taub Cynthia C.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity has not been extensively studied in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of TAVI on LAA flow velocity.

Methods

Medical records of consecutive TAVI recipients were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation were excluded. LAA velocities were measured before and after TAVI by transesophageal echocardiography.

Results

Sixty‐one patients were included. Mean LAA emptying (EV) and filling (FV) flow velocity before TAVI were 33 ± 16 cm/s and 31 ± 14 cm/s, respectively. They increased to 37 ± 20 (p = 0.0036) and 33 ± 13 cm/s (p = 0.047) after TAVI in the whole population sample, but not in patients with normal flow AS. In low‐flow, low‐gradient (LFLG) AS patients, EV and FV increased from 36 ± 22 to 47 ± 30 cm/s (p < 0.01), and from 29 ± 12 to 40 ± 15 cm/s (p < 0.01), respectively, after TAVI. There was no difference between normal flow and LFLG AS patients in the number of patients who achieved EV ≥ 40 cm/s post‐TAVI (35% versus 47%, p = 0.54, respectively).

Conclusions

LAA EV and FV were low prior to TAVI and increased significantly after TAVI only in patients with LFLG AS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:375–382, 2016
Making the practically impossible “Merely difficult”—Cryogenic FIB lift‐out for “Damage free” soft matter imaging
Authors: Parmenter Christopher D.J. , Fay Michael W. , Hartfield Cheryl , Eltaher Hoda M.
Published: February 2016

The preparation of thinned lamellae from bulk samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has been possible in the focussed ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) for over 20 years via the in situ lift‐out method. Lift‐out offers a fast and site specific preparation method for TEM analysis, typically in the field of materials science. More recently it has been applied to a low‐water content biological sample (Rubino 2012). This work presents the successful lift‐out of high‐water content lamellae, under cryogenic conditions (cryo‐FIB lift‐out) and using a nanomanipulator retaining its full range of motion, which are advances on the work previously done by Rubino (2012). Strategies are explored for maintaining cryogenic conditions, grid attachment using cryo‐condensation of water and protection of the lamella when transferring to the TEM. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:298–303, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) spermatozoa using serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Feng Tianyi , Paterson Brian D. , Webb Robyn , Johnston Stephen D.
Published: February 2016

Serial Block‐Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF‐SEM) was used in this study to examine the ultrastructural morphology of Penaeus monodon spermatozoa. SBF‐SEM provided a large dataset of sequential electron‐microscopic‐level images that facilitated comprehensive ultrastructural observations and three‐dimensional reconstructions of the sperm cell. Reconstruction divulged a nuclear region of the spermatophoral spermatozoon filled with decondensed chromatin but with two apparent levels of packaging density. In addition, the nuclear region contained, not only numerous filamentous chromatin elements with dense microregions, but also large centrally gathered granular masses. Analysis of the sperm cytoplasm revealed the presence of degenerated mitochondria and membrane‐less dense granules. A large electron‐lucent vesicle and “arch‐like” structures were apparent in the subacrosomal area, and an acrosomal core was found in the acrosomal vesicle. The spermatozoal spike arose from the inner membrane of the acrosomal vesicle, which was slightly bulbous in the middle region of the acrosomal vesicle, but then extended distally into a broad dense plate and to a sharp point proximally. This study has demonstrated that SBF‐SEM is a powerful technique for the 3D ultrastructural reconstruction of prawn spermatozoa, that will no doubt be informative for further studies of sperm assessment, reproductive pathology and the spermiocladistics of penaeid prawns, and other decapod crustaceans. J. Morphol. 277:565–574, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of codon usage and tRNA changes in rat cytomegalovirus latency and (re)activation
Authors: Kanduc Darja
Published: February 2016

Herpesviruses can remain in their hosts by establishing a latent infection with a low pattern of viral gene expression. Passage from latency to reactivation may occur under particular conditions such as immunosuppressive treatments or during fetal development, and often is accompanied by heavy pathologic sequelae. To investigate the molecular basis underlying herpesvirus latency and (re)activation, codon usage of rat cytomegalovirus was comparatively analyzed with respect to the rat codon usage. Two major points stand out as follows: (i) six codons – GCG (Ala), CCG (Pro), CGG (Arg), CGC (Arg), TCG (Ser), and ACG (Thr) – are rare in rat genes and intensively used in rat cytomegalovirus coding sequences; (ii) in many instances, the codons seldom used by the host are clustered along viral sequences coding for single amino acid repeats such as poly‐Ala and poly‐Thr stretches. The results indicate that rare host codons and their iteration along viral sequences might represent major constraints that lock rat cytomegalovirus translation in its host during the viral latent phase. Consequently, the data also suggest a link between rat cytomegalovirus quiescence/activation and the functional tRNA coadaptation phenomenon. Indeed, increases in minor tRNA species corresponding to rare rat codons mark rat cell proliferation and might rescue difficult viral translational contexts. Ala isoaccepting‐tRNA (CGC) is reported as an example. On the whole, the present findings may contribute to explain how the molecular mechanisms that normally control host gene expression can silence/(re)activate viral gene expression, and might address research toward new approaches in anti‐viral therapeutics.
Mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 genes cause recessive distal renal tubular acidosis in Mexican families
Authors: Escobar Laura I. , Simian Christopher , Treard Cyrielle , Hayek Donia , Salvador Carolina , Guerra Norma , Matos Mario , Medeiros Mara , Enciso Sandra , Camargo María Dolores , Vargas‐Poussou Rosa
Published: February 2016

Background

Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disease characterized by a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, nephrocalcinosis, and conserved glomerular filtration rate. In some cases, neurosensorial deafness is associated. dRTA is developed during the first months of life and the main manifestations are failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and anorexia.

Methods

Nine unrelated families were studied: seven children, a teenager, and an adult with dRTA. Hearing was preserved in four children. Coding regions of the genes responsible for recessive dRTA were analysed by Sanger sequencing.

Results

Molecular defects were found in the genes ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4. We identified three homozygous variants in ATP6V1B: a frameshift mutation (p.Ile386Hisfs*56), a nucleotide substitution in exon 10 (p.Pro346Arg), and a new splicing mutation in intron 5. Three patients were homozygous for one novel (p.Arg743Trp) and one known (p.Asp411Tyr) missense mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene. Three patients were compound heterozygous: one proband displayed two novel mutations, the frameshift mutation p.Val52Metfs*25, and a large deletion of exons 18–21; two probands showed the missense mutation p.Asp411Tyr and as a second mutation, p.Arg194Ter and c.1691+2dup, respectively.

Conclusion

ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes were involved in recessive dRTA of Mexican families. All ATP6V1B1 mutations detected were homozygous and all patients developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) early in infancy. ATP6V0A4 mutations were found in one infant and three children without SNHL, and in one teenager and one adult with SNHL confirming the phenotypic variability in this trait. The mutation p.Asp411Tyr detected in four Mexican families was due to a founder effect. Screening of these mutations could provide a rapid and valuable tool for diagnosis of dRTA in this population.
A variational framework for fiber‐reinforced viscoelastic soft tissues including damage
Authors: Vassoler J. M. , Stainier L. , Fancello E. A.
Published: February 2016

Fibrous soft biological tissues such as skin, ligaments, tendons, and arteries are non‐homogeneous composite materials composed of fibers embedded in a ground substance. Cyclic tensile tests on these type of materials usually show a hysteretic stress–strain behavior in which strain rate dependence (viscoelasticity) and softening (Mullins' effect) play a coupled role. The main contribution of the present paper is to present unified variational approach to model both coupled phenomena: nonlinear viscoelasticity and Mullins‐like softening behavior. The approach is labeled as variational because viscous‐strain and damage internal variables are updated based on the minimization of a hyperelastic‐like potential that takes a renewed value at each time step. Numerical examples explores (a) the versatility of the proposed model to account for the two described phenomena according to the chosen functions for the free‐energy and dissipative potentials, (b) the ability of the time‐integration scheme embedded in the incremental potential definition to allow for large time increments, and (c) the capability of the model to mimic experimentally obtained stress–strain cyclic curves of soft tissues. The model implementation on standard finite elements is also tested in which symmetric analytic tangent matrices are used as a natural consequence of the variational nature of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Italian version of Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation Scale: psychometric proprieties and its associations with pathological narcissism and adult attachment in an adult non clinical sample
Authors: Borroni Serena , Bortolla Roberta , Lombardi Lucrezia M. G. , Somma Antonella , Maffei Cesare , Fossati Andrea
Published: February 2016

The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation Scale (PSPS) in 447 nonclinical adult volunteers (63.5% female; mean age = 36.89 years). In our sample the PSPS total score and PSPS scales showed adequate internal consistency reliability estimates, and both the dimensionality analyses and WLSMV exploratory structural model supported the original three factors structure for PSPS items. We found a significant correlation between perfectionistic self‐presentation and pathological narcissism and a significant role of attachment patterns in explaining the differences between these two constructs. Perfectionistic participants were characterized by avoidant and anxiety attachment styles, while narcissistic participants reported an anxiety style only. As a whole, our findings support the hypothesis that the Italian version of the PSPS is a reliable measure of perfectionist self‐presentation in an adult community sample. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli by zinc molybdate with different crystalline structures
Authors: Mardare Cezarina Cela , Tanasic Dajana , Rathner Adriana , Müller Norbert , Hassel Achim Walter
Published: February 2016

Zinc molybdate powders were synthesized by hydrothermal methods using different salt precursors, and in the presence (or absence) of citric acid as surfactant. As a function of precursors, synthesis conditions and post‐synthesis annealing, powders with various sizes (from tens of nm up to 10 μm) and different crystallographic structures (α, β, hydrated, and nonhydrated mixed α‐ and β‐phases) were obtained. Bactericidal properties of suspensions containing different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mM) of powders of α, β, and mixed α/β ZnMoO4 phases were tested against Escherichia coli. Optical density measurements and the results obtained from the observation of cultures growth on agar petri dishes clearly showed that ZnMoO4 possesses antibacterial properties. The antibacterial efficiency was dependent on the concentration of powders in suspension, as well as on the crystalline structure in relation to the crystals size/surface structuring. The intrinsic semiconducting properties of this material, together with the defect states present in the bandgap which hindered the recombination of electron–hole pairs produced under visible light, as well as electronic transitions were factors proposed as being responsible for the observed antibacterial activity by the creation of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide.
InGaN/GaN‐based green‐light‐emitting diodes with an inserted InGaN/GaN‐graded superlattice layer
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Lee Jin‐Hong , Jung Soyoun , Ji Taeksoo
Published: February 2016

In this study, InGaN‐based green light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a graded‐superlattice (GSL) layer inserted between the 3 µm thick n‐type GaN and the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were studied numerically and experimentally. The simulated results indicate that the use of GSL inserting layer consisting of 12‐stacked InGaN/GaN layers leads to the enhancement of electron injection into the MQWs resulting in the increase of radiative recombination rate, suppressing the electron overflow to the p‐GaN side. The photoluminescence and output power of the GSL LEDs show a 73.5 and 42.5%, respectively, in a comparison with the reference LEDs that has no inserting layer. This improvement with the GSL LEDs indicates that the GSL insertion layer acts not only as a stress‐relaxing buffer layer releasing the residual stress in MQWs, but also as an electron cooler enhancing the electron capture rate in MQWs.