bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Розпізнавання математичних формул на базі даних CROHME.
Authors: Дяконюк Л. М. , Мудрик А. С. , Корольчук Я. А. , Кондор М. І.
Published: July 2021

У  наш час найбільш точні моделі для розпізнавання об’єктів базуються на двоступеневому підході, популяризованому як R-CNN. На відміну від них, одноступеневі моделі, що застосовуються під час регулярного, детального відбору зразків, можуть бути швидшими та простішими, але вони не досягають точності двоступеневих моделей. Проте з новою функцією втрат, дисбаланс класу, який виникає під час тренування на наборі даних,  зникає. Саме тому одноступенева модель має переваги в  продуктивності та точності на відміну від двоступеневої. У роботі використано цей дисбаланс класів, щоб переформувати стандартні, перехресні ентропійні втрати таким чином, щоб зменшити їх. В архітектурі RetinaNet[1], функція втрат Focal Loss[1] сфокусовує навчання на наборі даних, які зустрічаються рідше, і запобігає перевантаженню моделі під час тренувань. Архітектура RetinaNet  була протестована на наборі даних CROHME[4], що був розширений за допомогою алгоритму Data Augmentation[9] для збільшення частоти входження певних елементів формул. Також було порівняно дві бібліотеки машинного навчання: TensorFlow та Torch. Отримані результати показують, що коли модель тренується з фокальною втратою, RetinaNet показує дуже добрі результати та має хорошу швидкість виконання. Окрім того, отриману модель було інтегровано в веб-застосунок на основі мікросервісної архітектури. Основними веб-фреймворками було використано NodeJs для серверної частини та VueJs для рівня подання. Для роботи з базами даних ми використовуємо MongoDB. Розгортання програми відбувається за допомогою хмарної служби AWS на основі Lambda-функцій, що дає змогу виокремити процеси навчання, обробки, візуалізації та контролювати ресурси серверу окремо для кожного процесу.
Impact of Communication on Teachers’ Satisfaction and Productivity
Authors: Tannous Alain , Zardet Veronique , Salmeron Jeremy
Published: July 2021

The performance of every organization could be impacted by job satisfaction which is considered one of the most important issues. Dissatisfaction at work is considered a direct cause for excessive turnover which in turn affects the organization’s direct costs. One of the major determinants of job satisfaction is the lack of communication within the organization. This project highlights the importance of improving the communication between the management and the team members in order to increase teachers’ satisfaction and productivity. The project is conducted in a private international school in Dubai. Data is collected and analyzed qualitatively through semi-structured interviews, quantitatively through financial analysis and the socio-economic strategic implementation are constructing the whole process. The results of this study are communicated with the upper management team. Therefore, strategic and political decision are structured and socio-economic training tools are suggested to be implemented.
Reflections on Communication Difficulties Related to Covid-19
Authors: Ekelund Suzanne
Published: July 2021

This paper describes some of the concept which are often miscommunicated between scientists, politicians and laypeople. Scientists are advised to take a more active role in explaining relevant concepts so that they can be understood by laypeople and thus facilitate better discussions.
Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy outcome
Authors: Alsharu Emad , Nussair Bassam , Marabha Jameel , Hindawi Ala
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes among ladies treated for hypothyroidism in pregnancy at antenatal clinics of King Hussein Medical Centre.

 

METHODS: This study was conducted at antenatal clinics of King Hussein medical center during the period from April 2018 to April 2020. We studied 200 pregnant women with hypothyroidism as a study group (group I) who were compared to 200 euthyroid pregnant women as a control group (group II). 

 

RESULTS:  

The incidence of obstetric complications in group I vs group II found to be as the followings:

Pre-eclampsia 12%(24) vs 9%(18), miscarriage 10%(20) vs 4%(8), while preterm labor was 20%(40) vs 22%(44), the antepartum hemorrhage 5%(10) vs 4%(8), Post-partum hemorrhage 7%(14) vs 5%(10) respectively.

 

There were no significant statistical differences in these outcomes in both groups and

preterm labor pain was the most frequent pregnancy complication encountered (20% vs, 22 %)

 

CONCLUSION: 

Proper treatment of hypothyroid patients before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy would probably eliminate the potential risk of developing maternal and fetal complications, treated hypothyroid patients hold no significant differences in pregnancy-related complications once compared to euthyroid women.

 

 

 

Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Outcome
Una vocación indicial: experticia policial en los modos de investigar, informar y vigilar en la Provincia de Buenos Aires y el Territorio Nacional de Río Negro (1930-1943)
Authors: Berardi Pedro , Fernández Marrón Melisa
Published: July 2021

Las secciones y divisiones dedicadas a la inteligencia y seguimiento político y social son centrales en la historia de las policías argentinas. La historiografía reciente ha destacado la complejidad de interpretar las políticas estatales de seguridad y sus transformaciones en el tiempo como producto de un proceso de larga duración. Este artículo examina las modalidades y prácticas de investigación desarrolladas por las policías del Territorio Nacional de Río Negro y de la Provincia de Buenos Aires entre 1930 y 1943. Un abordaje que radica en ponderar las especificidades institucionales propias de un período escasamente transitado para estos escenarios a partir de tres ejes: primero, recompone el proceso de burocratización interno que transitarían ambas reparticiones producto de estas tareas. Segundo, estas secciones construyeron una sólida tradición de información materializada en informes, expedientes y prontuarios. En ese sentido, se pone el foco en los agentes que se configuraron como un grupo de “expertos” en su producción como en las lógicas para la recolección de información. Por último, se incursiona en los sentidos otorgados a los actores “observados”.
Archivos de inteligencia: imaginarios, saberes, sentidos. La experiencia de la CPM a 20 años de la cesión del archivo de la DIPPBA
Authors: Sahade Julieta , Jaschek Ingrid , Lanteri Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Cuando en el año 2000 el fondo documental de la Dirección de Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (DIPPBA) es cedido a la Comisión por la Memoria se generó una enorme expectativa en relación con la posibilidad de encontrar allí evidencias del accionar clandestino ejercido por el Estado durante el período 1976-1983. Dichas expectativas se enmarcaron en un contexto de ausencia de políticas transparentes en materia de archivos, en las leyes de impunidad vigentes y en el proceso inédito que implicó la desclasificación de un fondo de origen reservado. Hace 17 años que el archivo de la DIPPBA está abierto a la consulta pública. El abordaje desde la disciplina archivística permitió un conocimiento integral del fondo y de la entidad productora y el reconocimiento de la inteligencia como un importante dispositivo del terrorismo de Estado. Este trabajo presentará algunas afirmaciones e interrogantes que pretenden avanzar en el conocimiento de los contextos de producción de los documentos, tensionando representaciones en torno a lo que se entiende por archivo de inteligencia.
Circuito de producción y reproducción de los archivos de inteligencia: el Servicio de Informaciones y el espionaje a las actividades culturales en el NE de Chubut (1969-1973)
Authors: Gatica Mónica , Binder Axel
Published: July 2021

En este artículo trabajaremos con algunos documentos de la carpeta “Legajo Nº 15 Actividades Culturales” (APM, Chubut): un compilado del SI-Chubut sobre archivos de inteligencia con documentos procedentes de la SIDE, Policía de Chubut, la Armada Argentina y la Subsecretaría de Educación y Justicia de la provincia. La carpeta refleja el seguimiento a grupos de teatro y escritores de la región que, al menos desde 1960, fueron vigilados por su presunta “actividad comunista” y sospechados como potenciales “enemigos internos”. Analizaremos cuatro casos en los que la actividad de inteligencia se centra en el ámbito educativo/cultural: un pedido de antecedentes ideológicos sobre miembros de un grupo de teatro en 1969; otro pedido de información y antecedentes a raíz del Primer Encuentro Provincial de Escritores en 1970; la vigilancia a los participantes de la Temporada de Teatro de Verano de 1971 en Trelew; y el requerimiento SIDE sobre espectáculos de contenido ideológico marxista en febrero de 1973.
Pasado y presente del Archivo histórico de la Provincia de Río Negro
Authors: Palma Cecilia , Pérez Pilar
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo busca reconstruir una historia del Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Río Negro. Esta institución está cumpliendo medio siglo de vida y en su trayectoria se revelan diferentes avatares de la historia rionegrina. El objetivo es evidenciar periodos de funcionamiento del archivo, así como políticas que lo atravesaron y que dan por resultado su presente. Consideramos que los archivos lejos de ser instituciones dadas y estancas reflejan relaciones de poder y disputas políticas en torno a las narrativas históricas y producciones de identidad hegemónicas. Además, y en base al informe producido por la Dirección de Archivo Intermedio del AGN en el 2017, el AHPRN contiene un acervo destacado en la Patagonia. Sin embargo, sus condiciones de acceso y conservación se encuentran en riesgo debido tanto a la carencia de clasificación y ordenamiento como a las inundaciones recurrentes que sufrió entre el 2018-2019. Ante una inminente pérdida de material documental nos preguntamos ¿Cuándo surge el AHPRN y con qué objetivos? ¿Cómo se reunió, organizó y creó este Archivo? ¿Qué rol tuvo y tiene como lugar de la memoria? Para reconstruir la vida del Archivo realizamos entrevistas y consultas personales a trabajadores retirados y activos. Recurrimos también a normativa y artículos de prensa. Así como a nuestra propia experiencia en tanto trabajadora y usuarias -respectivamente- del Archivo.
Acerca de la imagen de tapa: “Imágenes robadas, imágenes recuperadas”
Authors: Prácticas artístico-culturales Responsables de la sección
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la imagen del número
Metallic Ratios, Pythagorean Triples & p≡1(mod 4) Primes : Metallic Means, Right Triangles and the Pythagoras Theorem
Authors: Rajput Chetansing
Published: July 2021

This paper synergizes the newly discovered geometry of all Metallic Means and the recently published mathematical formulae those provide the precise correlations between different Metallic Ratios. The paper illustrates the concept of the “Triads of Metallic Means”, and aslo the close correspondence between Metallic Ratios and the Pythagorean Triples as well as Pythagorean Primes.
Metallic Ratios and 3, 6, 9, The Special Significance of Numbers 3, 6, 9 in the Realm of Metallic Meanseans
Authors: Rajput Chetansing
Published: July 2021

This work illustrates the intriguing relation between Metallic Means and the Numbers 3, 6 and 9. These numbers occupy special positions in the realm of Metallic Ratios, as elaborated herein.
Metallic Ratios and Pascal’s Triangle : Triads of Metallic Means in the Pascal’s Triangle
Authors: Rajput Chetansing
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces the close correspondence between Pascal’s Triangle and the recently published mathematical formulae those provide the precise relations between different Metallic Ratios. The precise correlations between various Metallic Means can be substantiated with Pascal’s Triangle, as described herein.
CHITOSAN AGAINST TO BORON TOXICITY IN MAIZE
Authors: Kohnhehshahri Sakineh Mohammadi , Demir Yavuz
Published: July 2021

In this study; growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and MDA contents, the amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and its isoenzyme profiles, (ascorbate (AsA), dehydro ascorbate (DHA) and glutathione (GSH)) quantities in maize plants ((Zea mays L. cv. Hido) exposed to boron toxicity (B) (8 mM B(OH)3)  and B+chitosan (0.01%, foliar (A) and seed soaking (B) applications) conditions in hydroponic culture have been studied comparatively. Boron toxicity significantly reduced growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, AsA, DHA and CAT activity while increased proline, MDA, oxidants (O2.- and H2O2), SOD, POD, APX and GR activities and GSH levels. B+Chitosan A and B applications significantly reversed the B toxicity-based inhibition in these parameters. It has been suggested that chitosan can be used as a reliable chemical for boron toxicity in maize, since chitosan applications (A and B) cause improvements in terms of all the parameters in the damage caused by B toxicty.
A postcolonial feminist dystopia: Margaret Atwood’sThe Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Briedik Adam
Published: July 2021

Postcolonial criticism offers a radically new platform for the interpretation of science fiction texts. Mostly preoccupied with the themes of alien other and interstellar colonization, the genre of sci-fi breaths with colonial discourse and postcolonial tropes and imagery. Although Margaret Atwood rejects the label of science fiction writer, her dystopian novelThe Handmaid’s Tale(1985) explores similar ethical concerns to the anti-conquest narratives of postcolonial authors. Atwood’s identification of Canadian identity as a victim of the former British Empire is challenged by her introduction of a female character rejecting their postcolonial subjugated identity in a patriarchal society. Her variation on dystopian concerns is motivated by sexuality, and her characters are reduced to objects of colonial desire with no agency. The protagonist, Offred, endures double colonization from the feminist perspective; yet, in terms of postcolonial criticism, Attwood’s character of Offred is allowed to reconstruct her subaltern identity through her fragmented narration of the past and speak in an authoritative voice. The orality of her narration only confirms the predisposition of the text to interpretation in the same terms as postcolonial fiction.
The Effect of Different Substrate on the Morphological Characteristics of Hungarian Tagetes Patula Cultivars
Authors: Ördögh Máté
Published: July 2021

The aim of this trial was to find the optimal substrate (sand, peat and 1:1 mixture of them) for germination and growing of Tagetes patula ‘Robuszta Kénsárga’, ‘Vénusz’ and ‘Tigris’, with the use of 40 seeds according to substrates and cultivars in nine groups. Germination and survival ratio, plant height, root length, flower number and –diameter were examined. Almost all seeds germinated successfully, and the highest surviving was around 80% in case of peat + sand, and the lowest (50%) when plants grown in pure sand. The latter substrate resulted the longest roots (especially in the groups of ‘Tigris’) and all cultivars (particularly ‘Vénusz’) reached the lowest height with the use of this soil. On the other hand, peat effected the shortest roots, tallest specimens, most flowers of every cultivars. In case of flower number, there were significant differences between ‘Tigris’ (with averagely 58-70 flowers) and the other two types (23-39 flowers), irrespectively of the substrates. ‘Vénusz’ developed the smallest flower heads (maximum 3.5 cm) in all cases; the other cultivars produced at least 4 cm inflorescences. The lowest plant values experienced with the use of sand and the best results on peat.
Inclusion Complex of Gedunin-2-Hydroxypropyl-Β-Cyclodextrin Prepared by Kneading and Freeze-Drying Methods: Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Authors: Ologe Mary Olufunmilayo , Tella Adedibu Clement , Atolani Olubunmi , Adegoke Olajire Aremu , Ademowo Olusegun George
Published: July 2021

The potential application of gedunin, a pharmacologically active limonoid, is limited in medicine because it has poor aqueous solubility. This study was aimed at preparation and characterization of an inclusion complex of gedunin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBD) to increase the solubility in aqueous solvents and thus enhance the possibility of pharmaceutical formulation and oral administration of gedunin. Inclusion complex of gedunin isolated from Entandrophragma angolense heartwood with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBD) was prepared using freeze-drying and kneading methods. The gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (GCD) was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Elemental analysis indicated that gedunin and HBD formed 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. Results of FT-IR indicated that gedunin was stabilized in HBD cavity by intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. 1H-NMR revealed that the entire gedunin molecule was not trapped into the core of the HBD. Nevertheless, the fraction trapped may be sufficient to enhance the apparent solubility of gedunin. XRD results showed the formation of new solid crystalline phase. The results obtained by different characterization techniques clearly indicated that both kneading and freeze-drying methods led to inclusion complex formation which may enhance oral administration of gedunin.
Fabrication and Characterization of Zr Microplasma Sprayed Coatings for Medical Applications
Authors: Voinarovych Sergii G. , Alontseva Darya L. , Kyslytsia Oleksandr N. , Kaliuzhnyi Sergii , Khozhanov Alexandr R. , Krasavin Alexander , Kolesnikova Tatyana
Published: July 2021

This paper presents new results of studying the influence of parameters of microplasma spraying (MPS) of Zr wire on the structure of Zr coatings. The coating experiments were accomplished in a two level fractional factorial design. Individual particles of sprayed Zr wire and their splats on the substrate were collected under various spraying parameters (amperage, spraying distance, plasma gas flow rate and wire flow rate) and evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to establish the effect of particle size and shape on the coating microstructure. The particles were characterized by measurement of their sizes and the obtained results were evaluated in terms of their degree of melting. This was compared with the experimentally observed coating microstructure type and finally correlated to the investigated coating porosity to select the specific MPS parameters of Zr coatings depositing onto medical implants from Ti alloy. It was found that the main parameters influencing the size of the sprayed Zr particles and the porosity of the Zr coatings are the plasma gas flow rate and amperage. It was demonstrated that it is possible to control the porosity of Zr microplasma coatings in the range from 2.8% to 20.3% by changing the parameters of the MPS. The parameters of microplasma spraying of Zr wire were established to obtain medical implant coatings with porosity up to 20.3% and pore size up to 300 μm.
Body fat patterning and blood pressure levels: a comparative study between the Rai and the Lepcha in Sikkim
Authors: Pramanik Swagato , Som Nivedita , Roy Subho
Published: July 2021

We compared the perception of two ethnic groups in relation to health, obesity and blood pressure problems and its management, and to compare the body fat patterning and blood pressure levels between Rai and Lepcha ethnic groups. We chose Rai and Lepcha ethnic groups living in Ranka, a place which is 16 kilometres away from the city of Gangtok, Sikkim. The study involved 160 males (Rai = 80 and Lepcha = 80) of age 25–35 years. The participants were initially interviewed about their perception towards health, obesity and blood pressure problems and its management along with other socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Later, body fat patterning and blood pressure levels of the participants were measured and compared between these two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to understand the association of body fat patterning and blood pressure levels with socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine the relationship of ethnicity with both body fat patterning and blood pressure levels. We found a noticeable difference between Lepcha and Rai ethnic groups in perception towards health and obesity, blood pressure problems and its management. Similarly, a significant difference was observed in body fat patterning and blood pressure levels between Rai and Lepcha participants. MANCOVA revealed that the measures of body fat pattering and blood pressure levels differed significantly between these two ethnic groups, after controlling for lifestyle variables and age of the participants at time of interview. We concluded that there remains ethnic diversity, embedded in cultural behaviours and practices concerning health and obesity, hypertension and associated lifestyle patterns. Such practices, rooted in the belief system of an ethnic group is likely to inform the health condition of group members.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nela Stavar Angelica , Mihaela Sava Alexandra , Tatiana Adam , Liviu Craciun Relu
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma is essential to provide effective therapy to high-risk patients, including patients with viral cirrhosis (eg HBV, HCV), haemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency or alcohol users.

Material and method: The group of patients studied was represented by patients from the records of the Medical Clinic I of the Clinical Hospital “Saint Andrew the Apostle” Constanța for a period of 3 years (2017-2019). We included 82 patients aged between 32 and 82 years (60.22 ± 10.66 years) of which 55 were male and 27 were female.

Results: Out of a total of 82 patients, 74 (90.25%) had cirrhosis (CH) and a number of 8 patients (9.75%) had chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis. Child-Pugh stage B had the highest prevalence among patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The etiological factor was hepatitis C virus infection 46 patients (56.1%), followed by hepatitis B virus infection 23 patients (28.05%), 4 patients (4.87%) had double hepatitis virus infection ( HBV + HCV), and 9 patients (10.98%) had a mixed viral and ethanolic etiology. Most of the lesions were located in the right hepatic lobe 58 patients (70.74%), respectively right + left hepatic lobe 22 patients (26.83%) and in 2 patients (2.44%) there were no visualized liver nodules. All patients had parenchymal fibrosis.

Conclusions: It is recommended to screen patients with chronic liver disease to assess the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, initially by liver ultrasound that can accurately detect and locate suspected nodules later the definite diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Subcoracoid Impingement – A Global View
Authors: Barbu Simina-Georgiana , Nicoara Alina Doina , Alistar Daniela Elena , Badea I.A , Mihai Bojinca
Published: July 2021

Modifications in joint anatomy on both soft and bony tissue level play a key role in subcoracoid impingement syndrome. The diagnostic is primarily clinical and is based on patient history and functional tests. Imaging tests support, but do not establish the diagnostic. Approach can take the form of targeted exercises with progressive load, or that of invasive surgery.

Shoulder pain has a diverse etiology which derives from the complex local anatomy which includes the clavicle, acromion, coracoid process and humeral head, the soft tissues surrounding this area, in particular the rotator cuff, but can also be unrelated to all of the above and be a reflection of a pathology located in the neck, arm or trunk, or adjacent visceral organs. More often, it is the manifestation of a traumatic episode or an anatomical anomaly, or it can be secondary to inflammation, tumors, or surgery.

It is the third most common musculoskeletal complaint presenting to physiotherapy, and largely impacts both an individual’s quality of life and the public health system.

Coracoid impingement syndrome can present itself as a cause of rotator cuff disease, but its role is not fully established yet. It is less prevalent than subacromial impingement, can coexist with it, and therefore should be considered into the differential diagnosis of anterior shoulder pain when a patient presents themselves with activity related anterior shoulder pain.
Correlations between Biochemical Markers in Thyroid Pathology with those in Carbohydrates Metabolism
Authors: Mihaela Voiculescu Anne-Lise , Andreea Anghel , Leonard Gurgas , Lucian Petcu , Natalia Rosoiu
Published: July 2021

Thyroid dysfunction is increasingly found in patients with diabetes. Diabetes can affect thyroid function to a variable extent and unrecognized thyroid dysfunction, not only worsens metabolic control, but also prevents the management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to screen the incidence of thyroid disease in Constanta County, Romania in patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, in order to assess the tendency to associate thyroid hormone dysfunction with the diabetic process by correlating glycemic parameters and thyroid profile in serum. The study included a number of 153 patients who presented within 3 months for blood tests, in compliance with GDPR rules. The following parameters were processed from these patients: FT3 - free triiodothyronine, FT4 - free thyroxine, TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone, Anti-TPO - thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase), Serum glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin - HbA1C. In patients of both sexes studied, the mean TSH was 3.15 IU / ml, males’ TSH mean being 2.82 IU / ml and higher, but not above the maximum limit. Blood glucose ranged from an average of 92.11 mg / dl in the 153 patients, 92.41 mg / dl in male patients and 93.82 mg / dl in female patients. Glycated haemoglobin (%) ranged from 6.79% in female patients to 6.21% in male patients, with a mean of 6.5%.

Pathology derived from disorders of carbohydrate metabolism may be present in patients with thyroid changes.
Remote-sensing technology in mapping socio-economic divergence of Europe
Authors: Mikhaylov Andrey , Mikhaylova Anna , Alsynbaev Kamil , Bryksin Vitaliy , Hvaley Dmitry
Published: July 2021

Marine and ocean coasts traditionally act as natural growth poles for humankind. Recent studies conducted by scholars from both natural and social sciences suggest that coastal zones accumulate population, agglomerate industries, attract entrepreneurs, and pull investments. The coastalisation effect remains one of the defining factors of regional development around the globe and is projected to strengthen over the next quarter century. Deepening socio-economic inequality and polarisation between countries and regions despite efforts taken with convergence policies put the “marine factor” on the research agenda. The study contains a comparative evaluation of coastalisation processes across the regions of Europe using remote-sensing technology and statistical multivariate analysis for testing the correlation level of results. The research is based on a dataset for 413 regions of Europe featuring indicators for population density and Gross Regional Product (GRP) in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per sq. km. The regions are grouped into clusters depending on their socio-economic indicators and the intensity of nocturnal illumination. The results suggest that coastal and inland region types evenly distribute between clusters, with an average of 40% coastal. Observations of nocturnal illumination clearly indicate an extensive anthropogenic impact on European coasts, both northern and southern. However, their overall luminosity is inferior to inland territories. The study concludes with four patterns derived from a combined methodology of socio-economic indicators and remote-sensing of night-time lighting.
Some Properties Related to Reduct of Consistent Decision Systems
Authors: Giang Nguyen Long , Janos Demetrovics , Thi Vu Duc , Khoa Phan Dang
Published: July 2021

Reduct of decision systems is the topic that has been attracting the interest of many researchers in data mining and machine learning for more than two decades. So far, many algorithms for finding reduct of decision systems by rough set theory have been proposed. However, most of the proposed algorithms are heuristic algorithms that find one reduct with the best classification quality. The complete study of properties of reduct of decision systems is limited. In this paper, we discover equivalence properties of reduct of consistent decision systems related to a Sperner-system. As the result, the study of the family of reducts in a consistent decision system is the study of Sperner-systems.
Fuzzy-Logic Based Active Queue Management Using Performance Metrics Mapping into Multi-Congestion Indicators
Authors: Abualhaj Mosleh M. , Al-Tahrawi Mayy M. , Hussein Abdelrahman H. , Al-Khatib Sumaya N.
Published: July 2021

The congestion problem at the router buffer leads to serious consequences on network performance. Active Queue Management (AQM) has been developed to react to any possible congestion at the router buffer at an early stage. The limitation of the existing fuzzy-based AQM is the utilization of indicators that do not address all the performance criteria and quality of services required. In this paper, a new method for active queue management is proposed based on using the fuzzy logic and multiple performance indicators that are extracted from the network performance metrics. These indicators are queue length, delta queue and expected loss. The simulation of the proposed method show that in high traffic load, the proposed method preserves packet loss, drop packet only when it is necessary and produce a satisfactory delay that outperformed the state-of-the-art AQM methods.
Role of Clustering, Routing Protocols, MAC protocols and Load Balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Energy-Efficiency Perspective
Authors: Munusamy Nagarajan , Vijayan Sneha , Ezhilarasi M.
Published: July 2021

Wireless networks play an important role in science, including medicine, agriculture, the military, geography, and so on. The main issue with a network of wireless sensors is how to manage resource utilization to extend its lifetime. This paper investigates the various aspects of increased energy usage that may improve network life. Variables related to energy consumption and various performance metrics are investigated in terms of energy efficiency. To investigate how the network’s energy usage can be managed, a quick overview of clustering protocols, routing protocols, MAC protocols, and load balancing protocols is conducted. This paper can provide researchers with an idea of the various parameters that influence energy consumption and what methodologies could be adapted by each parameter to conserve energy, thereby extending the network’s lifetime.
Using X-ray diffraction in characterization of bone remodeling and nanocomposites in ovariectomized rats osteopenia model
Authors: Kostyshyn Nazar , Gzhegotskyi Mechyslav , Kostyshyn Liubov , Yarova Oksana , Kulyk Yuriy , Mudry Stepan
Published: July 2021

Sedentary lifestyle and physiological menopause are among the risk factors of osteopenia, especially in elderly people. However, bone mineral density decrease can also be observed in young individuals, for instance, due to deficiency of female sex hormones after surgical interventions, particularly ovariectomy. Our research enabled us to assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration in preventing the loss of bone mineral density in the ovariectomy rat osteopenia model. Thus, whole-body vibration with acceleration level 0.3 g and frequency 50 Hz was used on young female rats, which had been subjected to ovariectomy (n = 18). It had been conducted for 24 weeks, exposure time – 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week. Assessment of mineral component loss of the tibia was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. Bone remodeling was assessed by determining hormones: parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, Ca and P in the blood. X-ray diffraction is an effective method, which enables the evaluation a nanocomposites structure of the bone tissue in the experiment. In the article, we applied this method to determine the loss of bone mineral mass after ovariectomy and the impact of whole-body vibration under such conditions. In the ovariectomy group, the volume of a mineral component significantly decreased starting already from the 16th week (р<0.05) versus control. However, in the group with ovariectomy + whole-body vibration, the loss of a mineral component was insignificant during 8-16 weeks of the investigation, compared with the control group. On the 24th day, the spectrums almost did not differ from ovariectomized rats group. Meanwhile, hormone levels changed in ovariectomized rats group. It should be emphasized that the aforementioned whole-body vibration parameters do not cause severe bone damage or further negative consequences.
Calibration of Gafchromic XR-RV3 film under interventional radiology conditions
Authors: Kidoń Joanna , Polaczek-Grelik Kinga , Gołba Krzysztof , Wojakowski Wojciech , Ochała Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The purpose of the study was the calibration of Gafchromic films in clinical interventional radiology conditions and the assessment of the influence of dose range, the shape of the fitting curve, and its practical application. The aim of the work was to show how practically perform calibration in a wide range of doses.

Material and methods: Gafchromic XR–RV3 films were included in the study. The calibration was performed for A and B film series separately. Doses from the range of 0 – 8 Gy were used. Film dosimeters were read out in reflective mode with a commercial flatbed scanner.

Results: Among various degrees of a polynomial function, the best fit, which fulfilled the chosen criterion of 95% agreement between measured and reconstructed doses and simple equation criterion, was observed for third-degree polynomial. The fitting curve where the dose is the function of optical density (logMPV) was demonstrated to be more precise than the fitting curve based on MPV only. To minimize the difference between dose absorbed by the film and dose reconstructed from the fitting curve below 5% it is necessary to divide the calibration range of 0 – 8 Gy into two subranges for use in interventional radiology. This difference was set at a maximum level of 3.8% and 1.9% for the lowand high-dose range, respectively. Each series of films may have a slightly different calibration curve, especially for the low dose range. A deviation of up to 36% between two batches of Gafchromic film was observed.

Conclusions: For the third-degree polynomial fitting function (one of the recommended in the literature) calibration should be done into low and high dose ranges and for each batch separately. A systematic error higher than 20% could be introduced when the fitting curve from one film batch is applied to the other film batch.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Straight Wing with a Spiroid Wingtip Device
Authors: Kravchenko Igor F. , Loginov Vasyl V. , Ukrainets Yevgene O. , Hlushchenko Pavlo A.
Published: July 2021

Spiroid wingtip devices (WD) offer a promising way of improving the lift drag ratio of UAVs, but may on the other hand lead to negative aerodynamic interference of the wing with the WD and deterioration of the aerodynamic characteristics as compared to a wing without the WD. Determining the influence of the geometric parameters of a spiroid WD on aerodynamic wing characteristics, however, remains an understudied field. In our study, we investigated the influence of the following geometrical parameters on wing aerodynamic characteristics with WD: area, radius, camber angle, constriction, and pitch of the spiroid. We found that the positive effect of the WD is present at a relative radius > 0.05, as well as with an increase in the lift coefficient C

L
as a result of an increase in the proportion of inductive resistance. For example, with the Reynolds number Re = 2.1×105 for a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio θ = 5.12 equipped with a spiroid WD with =0.15 the quality gain is almost 10% at C

L
= 0.5, and at C

L
= 0.7 is almost 20% and at C

L
= 0.7 – almost 20% compared to a wing without WD. Moreover, we found that a change in the camber angle WD θ provides an increase in the derivative of the lift coefficient with respect to the angle of attack in the range from θ = 0° to θ = 130°. By changing the camber angle, it is possible to increase the lift drag ratio of the layout up to 7.5% at θ = 90° compared to θ = 0° at the Reynolds number Re = 2.1×105. From the point of view of ensuring maximum lift drag ratio and minimum inductive drag, the angle θ = 90° is the most beneficial.
Potensi Gua dan Ceruk di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Bagi Pengembangan Penelitian Arkeologi dan Pariwisata
Authors: Susilowati Nenggih
Published: July 2021

AbstractCave and rock shelter contain the natural and cultural resources for research and development sciences. The society and tourism sector have their own importance of that object. However, we should have pay particular attention to its conservation and perpetuation.
Latar Belakang Perpindahan Pusat Kesultanan Deli dari Pekan Labuhan ke Kota Medan
Authors: Jufrida Jufrida
Published: July 2021

AbstractAt the end of 19th century, the center of government of Sultanate Deli moved from north to south area – now, known as Medan. It is not simply effort to avoid marshy coast region. Other factors are the river estuary superficiality which causing degradation of environmental quality that impact to various life aspect.
Jejak Budaya Musyawarah, Bentuk Demokrasi Masyarakat Minangkabau
Authors: Christyawaty Eny , Susilowati Nenggih
Published: July 2021

AbstractMinangkabau society always strives for a peaceful and prosperous life. Since long time ago, the community is implementing democratic values. These values are reflected in the archaeological remains associated with the activities of deliberation and the tradition that lasted until now. In making decisions for common interests, people tend to give priority to said agreement despite differences of opinion are also valued.
Terapi Fibrinolitik Pada Pasien St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Stemi) : Review Artikel
Authors: Novrianti Irma , . Heriani , F Mustamin
Published: July 2021

Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs when there is a blockage caused by sudden atherosclerotic plaque that blocks blood flow to the heart. The goal of STEMI therapy is to restore myocardial blood flow, to save the heart. Coronary arterial reproduction recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the Indonesian Cardiovascular Specialist Association (PERKI) is primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or fibrinolytic. However, not all hospitals have catheterization laboratory facilities, so they still use fibrinolytic as reperfusion therapy. To provide a review of currently available fibrinolytic therapies that can be used in STEMI patients. Four databases [Pubmed, Libgen, researchgate, and Scopus] were searched from 1987 to 2019. Include original articles including RCT, comparative, literature review, and observational study about fibrinolytics treatment in Acute STEMI. Fibrinolytic was divided into specific fibrin (alteplase, tenecteplase, and reteplase) and non-specific fibrin (streptokinase and urokinase). Fibrinolytic used in STEMI are streptokinase, alteplase, tenecteplase, and reteplase. Fibrinolytic can be given when the patient has no contraindications. Furthermore, the administration must follow protocols to minimize the risk of side effects such as bleeding. Fibrinolytic can be used as reperfusion therapy in STEMI patients when PCI cannot be done promptly.
GAMIFYING AND EVALUATING FIRST-YEAR DESIGN: DEVELOPMENT OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS STUDENT EXPERIENCE AND MOTIVATION IN A LARGE, ONLINE COURSE
Authors: Miller-Young Janice , Beck Seth , Jamieson Marnie
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of a survey to evaluate a large, first-year,online, gamified engineering design course. Our literature review briefly summarizes the importance of engineering design experiences in terms of affective outcomes such as belonging and motivation, as well as the potential benefits of game elements and active learning in course design and delivery. However, fully online design courses have yet to be studied. After a brief description of our context, we provide a comprehensive literature review of the scales and surveys used in related education research and describe our questionnaire development process, resulting in a 61-question survey to assess our online course’s support of students’ intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and belonging. We present our survey, composed of newly developed questions as well as modified questions from literature, so that others may use and adapt it to theircontexts, and conclude with recommendations for future work.
STUDENT AND INSTRUCTOR EXPERIENCE USING COLLABORATIVE ANNOTATION VIA PERUSALL IN UPPER YEAR AND GRADUATE COURSES
Authors: D’Entremont Agnes G. , Eyking Adrianna
Published: July 2021

Perusall is a collaborative annotation platform designed for pre-readings in a flipped classroom, but can also be used for stand-alone, asynchronous reading discussion components of courses. We examine the use of Perusall as a social constructivist learning tool in two upper year/graduate courses in Mechanical Engineering. Perusall was used to replace in-class discussion of readings during the shift to online teaching.  Data was collected from student surveys and from the student and instructor annotations themselves.  Annotations were coded for content, and examined for factors such as upvoting.  We found substantial engagement from students, with collaborative annotation providing opportunities for: correction of misunderstanding; linking concepts from the course and between readings; discussing larger issues around research and research writing; sharing background information among peers; and critically analyzing the readings. Students reported deeper learning than in typical in-class discussions of readings; however, they also noted that annotation required much more time.  Overall, collaborative annotation appears to be an effective method for course reading discussion.
Level of awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khoja Yousef , Altuwaim Ahmed , Algahtani Mohammed , Asim Fahad , Aldayel Abdulaziz , Alshehri Rajeh , Alhussain Hamad , Alasbali Majed
Published: July 2021

Background: With the increased prevalence of osteoporosis, proficiency in knowledge of osteoporosis is essential for healthcare providers to prevent and treat this disease. Therefore, it is crucial for future physicians to receive adequate education. Our study aimed to assess osteoporosis awareness and knowledge among medical students training to become physicians.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among a sample of medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study included students from the following universities: Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Saud University, and Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University during the 2019-2020 academic year. We utilized the revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test questionnaire, which was administered online.
Results: A total of 805 participants completed the online questionnaire (52% male and 48% female). The majority of the students had a grade point average of 4.50 (46.1%). Of a total score of 32 points, the mean knowledge score of the study population was 16.6 ± 4.4 points. The mean exercise score of the study population was 10.7 ± 3.1 points out of 20 points. The mean nutrition score was 14 ± 3.6 points out of 26 points.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge of medical students regarding osteoporosis is poor. The need for better education of future physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding osteoporosis must be addressed. The introduction of problem-based learning strategies and community-oriented teaching programs may facilitate greater awareness of the public health impact of osteoporosis.
The study of the moisture absorption properties of cathiazine
Authors: Cherniaieva Olena I. , Gritsenko Ivan S.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the moisture absorption properties of cathiazine – a new synthetic substance stimulating spermatogenesis and possessing hepatoprotective properties.
Materials and methods. The kinetics of the moisture absorption capacity (hygroscopicity) was determined using the weight method at relative ambient humidity of 44 % and 75 % at a temperature of (25 ± 2) °С.
Results and discussion. The weight gain of three batches of the substance cathiazine under research during the whole experiment under relative humidity conditions of 44 % was in the range from 0 to 0.041 %; when increasing humidity the percentage of the weight gain ranged from 0 to 0.082 %. Thus, the hygroscopicity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient cathiazine in all three batches can be described as insignificant.
Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the cathiazine original substance is non-hygroscopic, and this fact can be used in the development of a pharmacopoeial monograph.
Observations on the Protection of Refugees in Indonesia
Authors: Shalihah Fithriatus , Nur Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Pekanbaru City and Makassar City are areas that serve as refugee shelters in Indonesia. Generally, refugees in Pekanbaru City and Makassar City were only transiting, while the main destination was Australia. However, the Australian Government's strict policies resulted in refugees being held in Indonesia for many years. This research then examines how the protection of refugees in Pekanbaru City and Makassar City towards the granting of refugee rights granted by the Government and international organizations regarding the status of refugees so far. The author uses empirical/sociological legal research methods, which are conducted by observational research, by conducting surveys, and empirical or socio-legal approaches, namely through field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study found that Indonesia has respected the provisions of international law in protecting refugees in Indonesia. The handling of refugees in Indonesia For the most part, it has worked well in granting refugee rights under the provisions of international conventions on refugee status.
Domestic Violence against Women in Indonesia: The Recent Domestic Violence Elimination Law Analysis
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Rizanizarli Rizanizarli
Published: July 2021

Even though Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning on the Elimination of Domestic Violence was promulgated fifteen years ago, the number of domestic violence against women has not significantly decreased. The Law has not set concrete actions that may fall under the domestic violence that can be punished, particularly in terms of sexual abuse psychological violence, and negligence in household towards women. This research aims to analyze domestic violence against women in this Law and the conducts that are considered to be domestic violence which is commonly found in daily life in Indonesia. A   purely qualitative research method encompassing document analysis of key documents in Indonesia and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law 2004 is adopted in this paper. The research reveals that This Law is particularly protecting women from household violence in Indonesia. The law has recognized physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and negligence as sorts of domestic violence against women in household although it might find difficult to enforce the law when dealing with marital rape regarding lack of reports from victims and polygamy concerning circumstances that can be used to criminalize the perpetrators.