bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Soybean Cultivars Depends on Sowing Time and Growth Regulators
Authors: Rozhkov A. , Loshak O. , Ohurtsov Ye. , Mikheiev V.
Published: December 2024

The effects of sowing time and pre-sowing seed treatment on the individual performance of soybean (Glycine hispida) plants and the yield of morphologically different cultivars are covered. The study had a split plot design in four replications in accordance with conventional methods. The first order plots were soybean cultivars: ‘Annushka’, ‘Kobza’ and ‘Malvina’; the second order plots were sown within various timeframes (early (6–8°C), medium (10–12°C), or late (14–16°C)); the third order plots were pre-sowing treatments of soybean seeds with Humisol, Adaptophyte, Rost-concentrate, and Fundazol. In all study years, the best individual performance of soybean plants was shown by cv. ‘Malvina’ treated with Adaptophyt before sowing and sown within the medium timeframe. The greatest mean yield of soybean seeds from cv. ‘Malvina’ (the mean yield across the study years was 2.34 t/ha) was harvested when the cultivar’s seeds were treated with Adaptophyt and planted within the medium timeframe. Soybean cv. ‘Annushka’ was significantly inferior to cvs. ‘Kobza’ and ‘Malvina’ in terms of performance: the difference was 0.31 and 0.43 t/ha, respectively. The seed yield increased to a large extent, when seeds were treated with the tested agents before sowing (the gain ranged from 0.10 to 0.38 t/ha). The effect of sowing time on the performance was the smallest. Thus, it was demonstrated that it was possible to achieve stable soybean yields in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine due to adequate selection of cultivars, adherence to optimal sowing timeframes and application of growth regulators..
Effect of Autumn Nitrogen Fertilization on The Yield of Winter Wheat Sown After Different Predecessors
Authors: Popov Yu. V. , Avramenko S.V.
Published: December 2024

Winter wheat is one of the most productive and valuable food crops, but it can yield a lot of good-quality grain on fertile soils only or provided application of sufficient amounts of fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilization of crops is especially important; it should be moderate in autumn and sufficient during the tillering phase and yield formation. Despite numerous studies with nitrogen fertilizers, there is still no consensus on the effectiveness of autumn fertilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of winter bread wheat sown after different predecessors (sunflower, pea and black fallow) depending on various doses of ammonium nitrate applied in autumn. The field experiment included 15 variants of ammonium nitrate application at doses of the active substance calculated as N30, N60, N90, and N120. Autumn fertilization of winter wheat significantly increased its yield, especially when wheat was sown after sunflower. After pea and black fallow, the highest yield was harvested at N30 dose; while N60 was required to achieve the highest yield from post-sunflower-sown wheat. A further increase in the nitrogen dose had no advantage over lower doses of autumn fertilization with ammonium nitrate, regardless of the predecessor.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE IMPROVED SOIL BASE MODEL FOR THE CALCULATION OF DIFFERENTLY-STOREYED BUILDINGS
Authors: Samorodov O.V. , Tabachnikov S.V. , Yesakova S.V. , Krotov O.V.
Published: December 2024

Formulation of the problem. In the field of construction of multi-story and high-rise buildings, with significant loads on the foundation, especially in the presence of weak water-saturated soils on top, pile-slab foundations are usually used to meet the requirements of the normative document [4] for maximum permissible deformations. The possibility of using slab foundations in this case must be confirmed by calculations with a scientific and technical justification of the accepted model of the soil foundation and its parameters. The purpose of the is to substantiate the application of the model of the soil base in the form of an elastic layer of finite width and its parameters based on observations of the subsidence of adjacent multi-story buildings on slab foundations during the construction process and to compare the actual values of foundation deformations with calculated. Conclusions. Modeling and calculation have been performed for adjacent slab foundations of a two-section multi-story building, taking into account the different floor counts of the sections during construction in the “base − foundations – structures” system. This system interacts with an improved soil base model, represented as a continuous “stepped” layer of finite distributive capacity with different soil deformation laws. The research results confirmed the possibility of using the improved soil base model for predicting the deformations of differently-storeyed sectional buildings on large slab foundations, where weak water-saturated sandy soils lie close to the surface. Numerical studies indicate that considering different compressible layer thicknesses under variably loaded foundations in the base model, combined with the “Hardening Soil” deformation law, allows for the most accurate modeling of the horizontal displacements (tilts) of each section of the two-section building.
ENSURING THE SECURITY AND ADAPTATION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUKTURE CONSIDERING THE PRINCIPL OF PROBABILITY ADEQUACY
Authors: Bielikov A.S. , Matsuk Z.M. , Korotaiv V.M. , Tryhubenko V.O.
Published: December 2024

Problem statement. Due to military aggression, Ukraine faces existential threats. Lives are lost every day, and critical infrastructure (hereinafter CI), along with civilian and military facilities, suffer significant damage. The adversary’s unconventional hostile actions clearly reflect an attempt to force our country into territorial and political concessions by destructively impacting the resilience of national security system elements. Therefore, ensuring Ukraine’s security and defense is the foremost priority today, and maintaining the country’s economic stability (resilience) amid war is as essential as protecting the lives and health of citizens. It is known that the security and economic stability (resilience) of a country are impossible without the stable operation of CI. According to clause 23, Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Critical Infrastructure” [1882-IX], “critical infrastructure resilience” refers to a state in which CI maintains its ability to function in normal mode, adapt to constantly changing conditions, withstand and quickly recover from any type of threat. In accordance with clause 1, Article 15 of the Law of Ukraine “On Critical Infrastructure” [1882-IX], the protection and resilience of CI are provided in the following modes of operation: normal mode; readiness and threat prevention mode; crisis response mode; and recovery mode to restore normal functioning, with CI operating in normal mode according to its design purpose. The absence of an adaptation mode in this list, along with the lack of resilience measures for CI in these modes, complicates the security process, which presents a problem. The purpose of the article – is to substantiate the necessity of synthesizing and introducing the concept of “critical infrastructure adaptation” into the provisions of the Law [1] and other interrelated regulatory acts. Conclusions. The necessity of synthesizing and introducing the concept of 'critical infrastructure adaptation' into the provisions of the Law [1] and other interrelated regulatory acts has been substantiated. A new formulation of the concept of “critical infrastructure adaptation” is proposed for the first time.
METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR EFFICIENCY JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEMPLATES
Authors: Meneylyuk O.I. , Nikiforov O.L.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the work. In the context of ongoing military aggression, the necessary reconstruction can be implemented in a diverse organizational environment, usually formed without the use of management methods standards. Accordingly, there is a need to substantiate the effectiveness and introduce an information-communication concept that explains how to perform construction management, in the presence of modern information-communication technologies. Justification of the effectiveness of these tools utilization in the conditions of Ukraine construction industry is an urgent task, because it will allow to confirm the possibility of increasing the accuracy and speed of managerial influences, reducing management costs and correspondingly reducing the duration of construction. Purpose. Development of a methodology for substantiating the effectiveness of construction management templates by creating an appropriate logical model, choosing mathematical methods for experimental research and developing a survey questionnaire. Methodology. The methods of analysis and synthesis are applied in the analysis of information sources, the use of methods of correlation-regression analysis, experimental-statistical modeling and the Monte Carlo method in experimental studies was proposed. The results. The article analyzes information sources regarding the effectiveness factors of traditional and modern management methods and information-communication technologies. A scientific hypothesis of the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the information-communication concept “construction management template” has been developed, which combines the most effective innovative and traditional management methods. A two-stage scheme of experimental research is proposed to substantiate the effectiveness of construction management templates. A survey questionnaire was developed to assess the reduction of construction duration from the implementation of management methods and information and communication technologies. The development of a scientific hypothesis of the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the information-communication concept “construction management template” made it possible to propose a two-stage experimental research scheme.
THE AWARENESS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ABOUT COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATION
Authors: Oğur Çimen , Olçay Seray
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive sexuality education aims to equip individuals with relevant knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, assist them in the establishment of adequate social and sexual relationships, and maximize their awareness about decision-making and their rights. It was reported in the literature that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are one of the disability groups that require sexuality education. It was emphasized that teachers play a key role in sexuality education. The present descriptive study aimed to determine the knowledge and experience levels, and professional development requirements of the teachers who instruct individuals with ASD in comprehensive sexuality education. The study was conducted with 200 volunteering teachers, and the study data were collected with a survey form. The study findings indicated that only 10% of the teachers instructed sexuality education to individuals with ASD, and the teachers did not have adequate knowledge on comprehensive sexuality education content. They focused on the biological dimension of comprehensive sexuality education, and they did not instruct the content associated with relationship, rights, culture, and skills that ensure the health and well-being of the individuals. The findings are discussed based on the previous studies, and practical recommendations and suggestions for further research are presented.
Dificultades esperadas de docentes universitarios mexicanos sobre las actividades educativas en la postpandemia
Authors: Rendón Cazales Víctor Jesús , Benavides Lara Mario Alberto , Pompa Mansilla Maura
Published: December 2024

Antecedentes: México se destacó por mantener un cierre prolongado de las escuelas en todos los niveles educativos, ocasionado por la pandemia de Covid-19. Tras dos años de confinamiento, el retorno a las aulas se ha vuelto un proceso problemático, por lo cual es crucial conocer las expectativas y prospectivas del profesorado universitario en relación con esta situación. Objetivo: este trabajo busca analizar las dificultades que docentes universitarios de la UNAM, tanto de bachillerato como de nivel superior, anticipan sobre el regreso a las actividades presenciales en los espacios institucionales. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de la estrategia de grupos focales, con 48 docentes de bachillerato y licenciatura, mediante la plataforma Zoom®. Resultados: se identificaron y clasificaron las expectativas relacionadas con las dificultades y preocupaciones del profesorado en las siguientes categorías: necesidades de infraestructura institucional; preservación de las condiciones de salud; dificultades en la implementación de una modalidad híbrida y aspectos contextuales que confluyen en las actividades educativas de la UNAM. Conclusiones: estas categorías ofrecen evidencia para comprender múltiples situaciones que pueden dificultar las actividades educativas cara a cara, aspectos que van más allá de lo tecnológico y que incluyen dimensiones sociales, institucionales y colectivas. Con ello, se ofrecen elementos para el diseño de políticas que atiendan y faciliten el desarrollo de las prácticas educativas en la era de postpandemia.
La cuestión indígena en la materia Antropología del Ciclo Básico Común de la UBA. Cátedras Garreta y Pegoraro, 2010-2022
Authors: Videla Manzo Mariana
Published: December 2024

En este artículo me propongo abordar el cambio en las resoluciones de los contenidos mínimos para la materia “Antropología” del Ciclo Básico Común de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) ocurrido en el año 2016. También, analizar el tratamiento de la cuestión indígena -identidad, genocidio y violencias, memorializaciones y patrimonalizaciones, visibilización e invisibilización- en los programas, la bibliografía y materiales didácticos del espacio curricular del que participo como docente desde el año 2010, cátedras Garreta y Pegoraro[i]. Finalmente, revisar la importancia del dictado de estas temáticas antropológicas en el año de ingreso a la UBA en el contexto de dos aspectos: distintos momentos del debate social sobre la violencia estatal contra los pueblos indígenas, y de las políticas estatales por la memoria. Los resultados del trabajo surgen del análisis de las resoluciones de contenidos mínimos 3594/88 y 5532/16 del Consejo Superior de la UBA, de 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones informales mantenidas con docentes de distinta jerarquía y de distintas cátedras presenciales de antropología. El resultado es un trabajo descriptivo cuyo aporte es visibilizar estrategias de enseñanza dentro de la asignatura de referencia y del lugar que allí ocupan las temáticas indígenas, en una unidad académica universitaria específica.
Administración de la educación: debates, actores y territorios
Authors: Delgado Patricia , Ferrarino Cecilia , Zelaya Marisa
Published: December 2024

La publicación del dossier “Administración de la Educación: Debates, Actores y Territorios” en la Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación (RIIE) surge como una propuesta de la Red de Espacios Curriculares de Administración y Gestión de la Educación (1), cuya conformación se orienta a promover el desarrollo y la consolidación de la Administración de la Educación como campo específico de saberes y de prácticas.
Organización y gestión educativa desde la comunidad. Apertura, participación y liderazgo compartido
Authors: Martagón Vázquez Virginia , González Triviño Belén , Mata Padilla María Tamara , Ortiz Gálvez Carmen , Guerrero-Strachan García Pilar , Leite Méndez Analía E. , Rivas Flores José Ignacio
Published: December 2024

El estudio que se presenta forma parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre redes de colaboración (1) en educación donde la finalidad es conocer, comprender y analizar experiencias educativas de colaboración entre la Universidad y la Comunidad. El artículo se centra en la experiencia de dos centros educativos de nivel primario, uno de contexto rural y otro urbano, cuyos equipos directivos forman parte de su autoría, con la intención de compartir cómo se piensa y se desarrolla la gestión en los mismos desde la visión de todas las personas implicadas. Destacamos algunas dimensiones relevantes que nos permiten comprender la organización y gestión de centros que podemos considerar abiertos, con una visión comunitaria, y centrados en el aprendizaje de todas y todos los agentes: familias, asociaciones, alumnado y múltiples instituciones. El proceso de investigación se desarrolla desde una perspectiva colaborativa, con un diálogo horizontal. Como herramientas se han utilizado entrevistas, observaciones, registros, participación en el proyecto cotidiano de los centros y análisis de documentación. La abundante información resultante nos ha llevado a conocer cómo se inician los proyectos, cuáles son las características primordiales de sus modelos de gestión y algunas cuestiones en relación con el género que atraviesa ambos relatos. Concluimos analizando los resultados y destacando el aprendizaje a través de estas dos experiencias de gestión que buscan la transformación desde la apertura y la implicación de toda la comunidad.
Adaptabilitas Kepala Sekolah Dalam Pemenuhan Kompetensi Sebagai Kepala Sekolah Studi Fenomenologi Guru Penggerak menjadi Kepala Sekolahdi Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Jakarta Selatan Wilayah I
Authors: Sari Ramadhan Laila , Nurhatatti Nurhatatti , Kamaludin Kamaludin
Published: December 2024

This study explores the adaptability of school principals in fulfilling leadership competencies at State Kindergartens in South Jakarta Region I. The research focuses on the transition experiences of Driving Teachers to school principals, challenges faced, and adaptation strategies implemented. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results indicate that the success of school principals' adaptation is influenced by leadership, social, and professional competencies. Furthermore, local contextual factors play a crucial role in the adaptation process. This study contributes to the development of educational policies related to training and mentoring school principals.
Effects of harvest time and plant part on essential oils, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in Lippia citriodora
Authors: Tan Uğur , Gören Hatice Kübra
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of harvest time and plant parts on the concentrations of essential oils, phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH) in the Lippia citriodora plant to determine the best outcome. The experiment consists of four different harvest times during flowering period and two plant parts (upper and lower). Harvest times were scheduled at weekly intervals.Significant variations were observed during experiment, Essential oil (EO) content reached peak value at the first harvest in upper parts of plants (L1U: 1.18%) and lowest value in lower parts by the fourth harvest (L4L: 0.25%). The highest phenolic content determined at the first harvest (L1: 44.04 mg GAE/g DW), while flavonoid levels reached peak value at the fourth harvest (L4: 314.07 mg rutin/g DW). Antioxidant activities, measured by ABTS and DPPH assays, were significantly greater in lower plant parts. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Principal Component Analysis Discriminant Analysis (PCA-DA) confirmed clear distinctions between the upper and lower parts of the plant regarding bioactive compounds concentrations. The findings shows the importance of targeted harvest timing and plant parts in optimizing bioactive compound in Lippia citriodora, with implications for getting better benefits from plant.
A study on compounds with spermicidal potential in Calophyllum inophyllum L. seed shell towards Mus musculus
Authors: Santi Sri Rahayu , Sukadana I Made , Manurung Manuntun , Bawa I Gusti Agung Gede , Puspita Prilicia , Amelia Tika
Published: December 2024

Calophyllum inophyllum L is a plant found on the coast and is known to have pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to determine the ability of the ethanolic extract of the sampling seed shells as a spermicide for albino mice (Mus musculus), determine the growth inhibition of Candida albicans, and identify its compounds. The extraction of the C. inophyllum L seed shell was carried out by maceration. The quality of motility and abnormal morphology of mice sperms were observed under the microscope. The fungus inhibition assay was carried out by diffusion agar, and the identification of the active compounds by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Sperm motility in ethanolic extract at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% were 10.85, 10.05, and 10.85%, respectively, and the abnormal morphology was 63.50, 65.62, and 72.67%, respectively. The partition results of the n-hexane extract showed that motility and abnormal morphology values at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% were 79.21 and 79.93%, and the abnormal morphology was 8.49, 4.30 and 0.00%, respectively. Fraction F6 at the concentration of 0.3% showed that its motility was 0.00% and abnormal morphology was 65.86%, so it did not provide inhibition against the C. albicans fungus. Fraction F6 contained compounds that had spermicidal potential were 2,5-Dioxo-1- pyrrolidinyl N-[(benzyloxy) carbonyl]-D-phenylalaninate, raubasine, and N-(4-{[2,4-Diamino-7,8-dyhydro-6 pteridinyl) methyl] (methyl) amino} benzoyl) L-glutamic acid or methotrexate through to cytotoxic effects.
Assessment of Sorghum bicolor fodder attributes for agroclimatic potential under salt stress
Authors: Punia Himani , Tokas Jayanti , Thakur Kalpna , Rautela Indra , Kalia Sonika
Published: December 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is mainly produced as an infallible crop in semi-arid and arid areas. Though the impact of salinity on crop production is extensively documented, very limited studies are available demonstrating the interaction between fodder quality and irradiance use efficiency in sorghum. To study such interactions, the present study aimed to evaluate the resource use efficiency in different sorghum lines for fodder evaluation under a varied salinity regime (60 to 120 mM NaCl), on the 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 kharif seasons. Sorghum grown on June 15, 2018employed higher thermal and heat units than July 2, 2019. Sorghum genotypes' differential quality and yield responses to various temperatures were due to differences in high salinity tolerance during various growth stages. The crop sown on June 15th required the most growing degree days units to reach various phenological stages and physiological maturity. SSG 59-3 maintained higher crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein yield, and digestible dry matter at 120 mM NaCl. SSG 593 exhibited maximum green fodder yield (GFY) and dry matter yield (DMY), while PC-5 had the minimum. SSG 59-3 genotype accumulated high radiation use efficiency (281.23 kgha-1 MJ1), heat susceptibility index (0.42%), and yield stability ratio (87.2%) in both control and stressed environments, while PC-5 showed moderate tolerance to temperature stress and thus recorded a lower heat susceptibility index. Since there is no discernible correlation between the agronomic and fodder quality factors, it is possible to breed for desired qualities using independent associations. The results showed that the SSG 59-3 genotype adopted optimum allocation of resources for biomass production, maximized yield potential, and could be utilized in breeding programs as a potential fodder crop in saline regimes.
Organic nutrient management affects growth and yield in strawberry plants (Fragaria× ananasa Duch.) cv. Flavia under Punjab conditions
Authors: Sharma J. B. , Wani A. W. , Chauhan N. , Bakshi M. , Jabroot K. , Chaudhuri M.
Published: December 2024

Organic farming is an eco-friendly farming strategy involving balanced application of organic manures, biofertilizers and organic formulations to boost plant growth and yields.  The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different organic sources of nutrients, alone or in combination, on the growth and yield attributes of the strawberry cultivar Flavia. The study comprised ten treatments and laid in a randomized block design (RBD). The results indicated that, compared with the control treatment (T10), all the treatments (T1 to T9) enhanced the growth and yield. The combination comprising 60% RDN – 30% through vermicompost (90 g/m2) + 30% through neem cake (45 g/m2) and biochar (800 g/m2) + Panchgavya + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM), each @ 50 mL/plant (T9), resulted in a significant increase in vegetative growth and yield attributes. The vegetative parameters included highest plant height (6.7 and 13.33 cm), plant spread in East-West direction (EW )  (15.87 and 24.63 cm), plant spread in North-South (NS) (14.00 and 25.59 cm), number of trifoliate leaves (5.97 and 17.40) at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP), respectively and stem girth (3.41 cm). Similarly, this treatment combination also contributed to the maximum chlorophyll index (57.90 SPAD), leaf area (48.76 cm2), along with highest number of fruits per plant (28.14), average berry weight (16.53 g), yield per plant (447.88 g) and yield efficiency (0.47 kg/cm2), compared to the other treatment combinations and the control. These results offer practical guidance for sustainable strawberry cultivation and lay the groundwork for future research on organic nutrient management in various crops.
Chemical composition of essential oils of some common culinary spices and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Singh Neetu , Yadav Surender Singh , Narashiman Balasubramaniam
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 global threats to public health. Natural products can be effectively used to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Spices are highly used food commodities. Their essential oils (EOs) possess excellent antimicrobial potential. Therefore,  the present study aimed to extract oil from three commonly used spices and assess their antimicrobial activity.The EOs were extracted from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Persel), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and were characterized by GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities were screened against two Gram +ve bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC No. 737), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC No. 441); two Gram-ve bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (MTCC No. 443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC No. 1688); and two fungal strains: Aspergillus oryzae(NCIM1008) and Fusarium oxysporum (MDU-4) via disc diffusion and broth dilution assays.The highest yield of EOs was obtained with trigonella (4.35 %), followed by cinnamon (2.75%) and cumin (1.53%). GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of various phytocompounds in different EOs. Antimicrobial results showed that cinnamon EO was the most active with the maximum zone of inhibition of 15.3±0.08 mm, 11.3±0.25 mm, and 13.1±0.14 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and F. oxysporum, respectively. Cumin EOhas also shown promising antimicrobial activity with a zone of inhibition of 13.0±0.09 mm, 10.2±0.20 mm, and 11.4±0.08 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and F. oxysporum. E. coli and F. oxysporum were the most sensitive microbial strains.Cinnamon EO exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity and, therefore, can be used as a natural antimicrobial herb after clinical trials.
Extraction, characterization, and functional properties of ultra-low gossypol protein from cottonseed meal
Authors: Goyal Preeti , Kadam Dattatreya M. , Kasara Akansha , Parab Sayali
Published: December 2024

Cottonseed protein (CSP) is unsuitable for human consumption due to its gossypol toxicity. The present study aimed to extract protein from cottonseed meal with ultra-low gossypol content and evaluate its functional properties for food products. The study developed a protein extraction process with gossypol removal treatment to unlock its potential to generate cottonseed meal protein isolate with ultra-low gossypol content.Key factors, including the pH of the extraction solvent time washing, and drying of protein pellets, were optimized to improve protein yield and reduce gossypol content. Extraction was performed using 0.15 M NaCl, 0.27% Na2SO3, and 0.1 M KOH at pH-12 for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The protein isolate yielded a recovery rate of 73.9%, with free and total gossypol concentrations of 348 ppm and 4170 ppm, respectively. The isolate demonstrated excellent functional properties, including a water holding capacity of 3.795 ± 0.987 ml/g, oil absorbing capacity of 2.069 ± 0.103 ml/g, foaming capacity of 500%, and stability of 88%.The present work lies in the successful extraction of a gossypol-free protein isolate with promising functional properties, making it suitable for preparing various value-added food products such as biscuits and cakes.
Evaluation of interleukin-4 and some serological factors in children infected with cryptosporidiosis at Ramadi Teaching Hospital for women and children
Authors: Jasim Mohannad Hamid , AlKubaisi Othman maen , Lazar Lima Tariq Youash , Salih Thaer Abdulqader , Allateef Hajer Ammar abd
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium. It is widespread worldwide and is among the four main diarrhoea pathogens in children and adults. The present study aimed to investigate infection with the cryptosporidiosis in children under the age of eight years in both sexes who suffered from diarrhoea, and to evaluate the relationship of Interlukin-4 to parasitic infection and the changes in some serological parameters that included lipid profile and total protein. Two hundred fecal samples were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children. Microscopic examination of the samples stained with Ziehl–Neelsen stain and ELISA test indicated the presence of egg cysts in 23 samples, with a total percentage of (11.5%). The shape of the parasite was spherical, tending to oval, with a size of (4.8 to 5.7 micrometres). The lipid profile results showed that there was a significant increase in cholesterol (Ch.), triglycerides (TG.), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL), and for high-density lipoproteins (HDL) of the patient's group, there was no significant difference between the control group and the infected group at the (P ≤0.05). There was a significant increase in the level of blood proteins (Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin) for the infected group at a significant level (P≤0.05). The study also showed significant differences in interleukin-4 between patients and healthy people, which was 0.0444 ± 0.01141 pg/ml for patients (P≤0.05). Due to the increasing spread, seriousness, and epidemiology of the parasite, considered environmental pollution, and because of its lack of diagnosis in health departments (such as hospitals), and because its entry significantly stimulates the immune system, causes dehydration and death in children with weak immunity, and affects the absorption of fats, proteins, and vitamins significantly, a new factor IL-4 related to the infection was identified. It was also known how significant the effect of injury is on the amount of fats and proteins that are involved in the structure of living cell membranes.
Neotectonic appraisal of Ramganga River basin, Eastern Kumaun, Himalaya, India
Authors: Khan M. Nazish , Suhail M. , Ali Dilawez , Jafri S Mohd Wasi Haider , Jurayev Jamshid
Published: December 2024

The Ramganga River flows from north to south and drains the northeastern (Lesser Himalaya) of the Himalaya. It transects with numerous active faults, thrusts, and litho-tectonic units before the confluence with the Saryu River at Rameshwar.The present study aimed to determine the virtue of geomorphic indices in appraising the status of neotectonic activity in the Ramganga River Valley, Eastern Kumaun, Himalaya. The watersheds and drainage network were extracted using the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEM at 50000 and 100 Pixels threshold, derived18 sub-watersheds and detailed drainage network. Further, this study deciphered the relative neo-tectonic activity of the Ramganga river using the Index of Relative Active Tectonics (IRAT) based on various geomorphic indices Bifurcation Ratio (Br), channel sinuosity (Cs), Asymmetry Factor (Af), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Basin Elongation Ratio (Re), Drainage Density (Dd), Drainage Texture (Dt), and Stream Length Gradient (SL). These indices were classified into high, moderate and low to provide a rank to sub-basin for deriving the IRAT.   The northeastern bank of Ramganga River shows high neo-tectonic activity, viz., stream length gradient (500- 1688), channel sinuosity (1.41- 1.48), and valley floor width to height ratio (0.11- 0.34) than southwestern parts.
Foraging ecology of wetland birds in heterogeneous habitats: A case study of the Dighal wetlands, Haryana, India
Authors: Parul  , Kumar Parmesh
Published: December 2024

Understanding the foraging ecology of wetland birds is essential for effective conservation and management strategies. The present study aimed to explore wetland birds' foraging guild structure, habitat characteristics and foraging techniques. The study was conducted at Dighal wetlands, an important bird area (IBA) in the Jhajjar district of Haryana, India, from April 2021 to March 2023. Ninety species of wetland birds, representing 23 families and 12 orders, were identified, with 30 being residents, 4 summer migrants, and 56 winter migrants. Utilizing multivariate techniques, birds were categorized into four foraging guilds (carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, and insectivores) and five distinct habitats (Terrestrial land, Agricultural land, Marshland, Shallow water, Deepwater). Marshland (70) recorded the highest number of species, followed by shallow water (65), agricultural land (45), terrestrial land (43), and the least observed in deep water (31). Carnivores constituted the dominant group (43.3%), followed by omnivores (30%), insectivores (20%), and herbivores (6.7%). Dabbling (18) emerged as the predominant foraging technique, followed by pecking (17), picking (16), probing (14), and others. The Dighal wetland emerged as a crucial resource for diverse bird species, serving as an important wintering ground and food source. This study deepens the present understanding of avian guild structure and offers valuable insights for conservation strategies to safeguard wetland bird populations.
Evaluation of the effect of the pesticides glyphosate and chlorpyrifos on the activity of some neuronal enzymes using milk and turmeric in laboratory albino Wistar rats
Authors: Shawkat Mareb A. , Abd-alwahab Wijdan I. A.
Published: December 2024

Chlorpyrifos and glyphosate are the most commonly used pesticides that have harmful effects on oxidative stress and neuroenzyme disorders. The current research aims to evaluate the effect of pesticides on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in laboratory rats to study the protective effect of turmeric and milk against the effects of the used pesticides. The study was conducted inthe General Laboratory of Pharmaceuticals of the Pharmaceutical Industries Company in Samarra from the beginning of January to the end of February 2023, using 45 albino wistar rats aged 3-4 months and weighing 160-200 grams. The Groups were divided into nine Groups, each containing 5 animals: the control Group, the Groups exposed to pesticides, and the Groups treated with turmeric and milk. The results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in MDA( 3.819 ±0.831 ), AChE (116.897 ±13.42) and a significant decrease in GSH (1.293 ±0.197) in the Groups exposed to pesticides compared to the control Group. Treatment with milk and turmeric led to a significant decrease (P≤0.05)in the concentrations of MDA and AChE in the treated groups compared to the Groups exposed to pesticides only. While treatment with milk and turmeric led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in GSH in the Groups exposed to chlorpyrifos and treated, and no significant difference was shown in the Groups exposed to glyphosate and treated compared to the Group exposed to glyphosate only. We conclude that turmeric and milk have a therapeutic effect in removing the harmful effects on the nervous system and reducing oxidative stress.
Synergistic effect of Camel milk and Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the reproduction of Type II diabetic albino Wistar rats
Authors: Chauhan K. , Rani S.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes adversely affects male reproduction and closely associated with male infertility. The present study designed to assess the synergistic effects of Camel milk and Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the reproduction of type II diabetic Wistar rats over one month. Rats were divided into seven groups: control (Group I) and diabetic control (Group II). Group III received 125 mg/kg/day H. rosa sinensis, whereas Group IV received 50 ml/rat/day Camel milk. Groups V–VII were treated synergistically with varying H. rosa sinensis and Camel milk dosages. Group II showed persistent hyperglycemic state, gradually decreasing in treatment groups (III-IV) and synergistic groups (V-VII). The pancreas of Group II rats was damaged, including acinar cell necrosis and vacuolation. These damages were significantly improved in treatment groups (III-IV) and synergistic groups (V-VII). Group II male rats exhibited significant damage to their seminiferous tubules, including a decrease in diameter, and loss of spermatozoa. Seminiferous tubule structures were significantly improved in treatment groups III & IV. The 1st synergistic group (V) demonstrated greater recovery of altered seminiferous tubule structures than the 2nd and 3rd synergistic groups (VI and VII). Sperm analysis revealed that Group II animals had significantly reduced sperm count, motility, and viability, whereas treatment groups III-IV had better sperm characteristics. The synergistic group (V) had a greater sperm count, motility, and viability than synergistic groups (VI and VII). The present study showed synergistic benefits of H. rosa sinensis and Camel milk in treating and reproducing type II diabetic rats at very low doses.
Genetic study of Intl1 and Intl2 resistance genes and multidrug resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinical isolates from patients in Diyala province, Iraq
Authors: Ahmad Israa Faize , Ali Iman Abbas
Published: December 2024

Proteus mirabilis has become a prevalent opportunistic pathogenic agent in clinical infections globally. The objective of this study was to analyze and discover some of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of P. mirabilis that exhibit resistance to multiple drugs, including IntI1, IntI2 and to assess the relationship in the phylogenetic tree among these genes in Iraq, comparing to world-wide strains in National  Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI ). A total of 250 samples from different sources were isolated in some  Diyala province hospitals from August 2023 to January 2024 to be identified for the presence of P. mirabilis by biochemical and genetics test. The study demonstrated that 75 isolates were P. mirabilis 35 isolates (46.7%) from urine, (10.7%) from wounds, (13.3%) from burns and diabetic foot and 12 isolates (16%) from vaginal swabs and tested against 15 antibiotics for susceptibility. The prevalence of multi drug- resistance ( MDR) in this study was high (97%) while only 2 isolates was tended to be extensively drug -resistance (XDR) (3%) no pan-drug –resistance(PDR) was detected. From 12 isolates of p.mirabilis 9  Intl1 and 6 Intl2 genes were detectable. homology between the sequenced sample of P. mirabilis reference target sequences. These genes were sequenced and phylogenetic relationships among these genes and global genes were documented in NCBI. The study suggests that some Iraqi isolates contain genetic variation compared to global strains and demonstrated the utility of IntI1, IntI2 sequencing in investigating the genetic diversity of P. mirabilis strains and offering insights into the evolutionary history of these crucial bacterial pathogens.
Assessment of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) toxicity in histological changes in the kidney of Cirrhinus mrigala
Authors: Rani Rekha , Yadav Heena
Published: December 2024

Water is indispensable for sustaining life. The present study aimed to find out the lethal concentration (LC50) of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and its histological alterations in the kidney of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala. A study was based on an experiment design based on lethal concentration. The LC50 of aluminium chloride in fish was reported to be 0.087ml/L after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. To do further evaluation, the fish were exposed to AlCl3 sublethal concentration 1/10th of LC50, i.e., 0.0087ml/L, for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. After exposure to aluminium chloride, changes in behaviour, including erratic swimming, heightened sensitivity to stimuli, irregular fin movements, congregating at the tank, loss of balance, aggressiveness and respiratory distress, were noticed in C. mrigala. The kidneys of control fish showed no significant changes, while in the treated group, morphological changes were observed in each experimental duration, including a decrease in the number and size of tubular cells, expansion of tubular lumen, degeneration and damage in epithelial cells, necrosis, expanded Bowman’s space, blood cell around tubular and interstitial cells and glomerulus enlargement were observed in kidney tissues. This histological analysis showed that the degree of alterations in fish kidneys increased time-dependent. These histological changes are early warning signs of environmental health risks, showing that even low levels of heavy metal contamination can severely impact aquatic life and the entire food chain, with direct and indirect consequences for human lives and nature.
Propagation of acid lime, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) swingle and lemon, Citrus limon L. through stem cuttings - A review
Authors: R Neelavathi , J Shankaraswamy , C Indu Rani , T Arumuganathan
Published: December 2024

Cultivation of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) swingle) and lemon (Citrus limon L.) holds significant importance in India. Despite its economic importance, propagation faces challenges, primarily due to the recalcitrant nature of seeds, leading to loss of viability and lack of uniformity in seedlings. This necessitates the adoption of vegetative propagation method for producing true-to-type planting materials. Stem cuttings, budding and air layering are the primary methods employed, with stem cuttings being the most suitable for their simplicity and ability to induce precocity in fruit crops. The successful rooting of stem cuttings depends on the maturity of the cuttings, auxins, growing media, nutrition, irrigation water, endogenous food materials, season and microclimatic conditions. The maturity of cuttings influences rooting and uniformity, with virus-free hard, semi-hard, and softwood cuttings being preferred for propagation. The application of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) significantly influences rooting. Cool season is generally favored for better rooting. Pre-conditioning treatments such as ringing, girdling and wounding influenced rooting. Microclimatic conditions, including temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, are critical for successful rooting. This review is a compilation of up-to-date research and development in stem cuttings of lime and lemon to understand better physiology, the role of auxins, growing media and microclimatic factors.
Economic instruments for the circular economy transition: the (neglected) role of virgin materials and landfill taxation in Italy
Authors: Zatti Andrea
Published: December 2024

The use of economic instruments in policies supporting a circular economy has attracted an extensive and growing interest in the international and European debate in recent decades. Environmental taxes and levies, subsidies and other marked-based instruments have been seen as useful policy tools for enhancing environmental protection, getting the price right and creating market-based incentives – price and cost signals – to spur environmentally-friendly behaviors. From this standpoint, taxes and other economic instruments acquire, primarily or at least partially, a regulatory and preventive role: they address the market failure of environmental externalities, aligning private and social costs and, consequently, stimulating more socially desirable outcomes. The paper mainly focuses on the sector of buildings and construction, i.e. the sector responsible for the largest share of extraction of raw material and of the generation of non-municipal wastes, presenting an analisys the two main price instruments implemented in Italy at the beginning and at the end of the flow of materials. It aims to bring to the fore the main characteristics of the two instruments in the Italian multilevel government, and to propound new paradigms for future developments. The analysis will reveal the extent to which the regulatory role of these subnational environmental levies is largely forsaken, thereby jeopardizing the possibility to use them in a more effective and consistent way.
TOWARDS EVALUATING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE CIRCULARITY ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL (CAP)
Authors: Brooks Amy , Bell Nicole , Jambeck Jenna , Werner Madison , Bilec Melissa
Published: December 2024

The built environment requires extraction and consumption of enormous quantities of raw materials, water, and energy. While these materials remain in use for several years or decades, growing global populations and aging infrastructure are driving widespread generation of one of the largest and most challenging waste streams to manage. There is growing interest from communities in integrating circular economy (CE) strategies in the context of construction & demolition (C&D) material management. Many approaches for doing so focus on small-scale CE applications like individual products, materials, or projects. However, greater understanding is needed at the city-scale given communities’ complex position at the frontlines of local development, resource consumption, and waste management. This study summarizes the development of an evaluative framework for community-based C&D circularity at a city or regional level. The framework expands upon a mixed methods approach called the Circularity Assessment Protocol (CAP), which integrates aspects of urban metabolism, geospatial analysis, and qualitative research methods to examine plastic waste management in communities. To advance convergent CE research, here, we aim to adapt the CAP framework to C&D. We describe our adaptation of the CAP to C&D through a conceptual review describing research, methods, and strategies related to seven elements of a local CE context: C&D Analytics, Building Material and Design, Community, Use, Collection, End-of-Cycle, and C&D Emissions. This work describes a novel yet preliminary conceptualization for developing a baseline understanding of circular C&D material management and a holistic examination of barriers, affordances, and opportunities for improving city-wide circularity.