bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Component, Time-Course screening to develop combination cancer therapies based on synergistic toxicity
Authors: Ceribelli Michele , Tosto Frances Anne , Zhang Xiaohu , Melani Christopher J. , Roschewski Mark , Beck Erin , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Peer Cody J. , Wilson Kelli M. , Chen Lu , McKnight Crystal , Michael Sam , Itkin Zina , Shinn Paul , Figg William D. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Staudt Louis M. , Thomas Craig J.
Published: November 2024

Clinical trials in cancer are ideally built on a foundation of sound mechanistic rationale and well-validated drug activity in relevant disease models. The screening of approved and investigational drugs in cell-based phenotypic assays can provide evidence of drug activity, but alternative screening paradigms are needed to develop and optimize multidrug combination regimens. Here, we utilize in vitro screening outcomes across a panel of lymphoma cell lines to dissect the activity of four small-molecule drugs (Venetoclax, Ibrutinib, Prednisolone, and Lenalidomide) currently under investigation within ongoing clinical trials in lymphoma. Data from multiple concentration ranges and time points show that synergistic drug combinations promote apoptosis and cytotoxicity responses at concentrations and time points that are consistent with in vivo drug exposures. To fully map the interaction landscape of these agents in relevant cell models, we developed an in vitro assay format that facilitated time-course evaluations involving concurrent multidrug exposure which further highlighted rapid, synergistic apoptosis induction as a central engine for the activity of this multicomponent targeted therapy. In addition to several instances of exceptional drug+drug synergy, the genetically similar diffuse large B cell lymphoma models also displayed substantial heterogeneity in the degree of synergism between drug pairs. A parallel survey of chemotherapies exhibited limited combination benefit, supporting recent findings that multicomponent chemotherapy outcomes are driven by individual drug activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate how in vitro drug screening data can identify multidrug combinations that exploit drug synergy to overcome the functional diversity of human malignancies.
Effect of amphiphilic polymers on the photodynamic activity of rose bengal in vitro and in vivo conditions
Authors: Kardumyan V V , Kuryanova A S , Fayzullin A L , Krivandin A V , Mekhtiev A R , Aksenova N A , Shatalova O V , Timoshenko O S , Dalina A A , Khristidis Y I , Huang R-L , Li Q , Timashev P S , Solovieva A B
Published: November 2024

It has been shown that amphiphilic polymers (AP) (Pluronic F108 and polyvinylpyrrolidone) increase the activity of rose bengal (RB) in the photogeneration of 1O2
in vitro and in vivo conditions. In particular, in the presence of AP, the intensity of luminescence of 1O2 generated by exited RB increased. Perhaps RB forms loosely bound complexes with AP, which promotes disaggregation of the dye. According to x-ray diffraction data, the degree of crystallinity of pluronic decreases during crystallization from joint solutions with RB and a large period in the packing of its crystallites is disrupted. This may indicate the localization of the dye in the intercrystalline amorphous regions of pluronic due to complexation RB + F108. In vitro experiments showed that the phototoxicity of the dye against A549 lung carcinoma cells increases in the presence of F108 and PVP. Under photodynamic exposure to model wounds in rats using the RB + F108 complex as a PS, there was an increase in reparative processes in the wounds, while pluronic F108 weakened the negative impact of RB on microvessels and prevented the development of a local hemorrhagic reaction. Thus, the photosensitizing systems based on RB + AP complexes are promising for treating local foci of oncological and non-oncological nature using PDT.
A high resolution and long working distance bifocal interference confocal imaging technique
Authors: Zhu Xueliang , Wang Tian , Ru Jiayu , Liu Bingcai , Wang Hongjun , Tian Ailing , Liu Weiguo
Published: November 2024

A bifocal interference confocal microscopy system (BICMS) is proposed in which bifocal lenses are used to overcome the tradeoff between high resolution and long working distance, which cannot be achieved simultaneously in devices with small numerical apertures (NAs). In this work, a bifocal lens is introduced in the proposed system to ensure signals (generating the interference) originate from the same point on the surface of the object to be measured. The annular interference region generated by the bifocal lenses can be used to sharpen the width of the central bright spot. This reduces the full width at half maximum for the normalized lateral intensity point spread function, thereby improving the stability, anti-disturbing capabilities, and lateral resolution. A theoretical analysis (using a wavelength of 632.8 nm and an objective NA of 0.1) demonstrated BICMS improved the lateral resolution of the confocal microscope from 2.34 μm to 1.33 μm, which is 1.7 times that of a CMS; in the case of NA = 0.2, BICMS improved the lateral resolution of the confocal microscope from 1.24 μm to 0.92 μm, which is 1.3 times that of the CMS. As such, the proposed system is bringing the possibility of a wide range of applications for high-resolution confocal microimaging systems.
Lucan
Authors: Glauthier Patrick
Published: November 2024

For Lucan, the study of nature constitutes a dangerous distraction from the urgent necessity of civil war. Like other institutions, the scientific sublime short-circuits in Nero’s Rome, where the emperor plays the role of its hero, Phaethon. Paradoxically, however, a pathological urge to speculate about nature’s causes, especially those of astronomical and meteorological phenomena, saturates the text, oppressing the reader with theoretical detail and open-ended questions; this, too, is an experience of the sublime, symbolized through the ominous narratives of Phemonoe and Erictho. At the same time, those characters who understand how nature functions, such as Amyclas, cease to inspire wonder and simply crumble into political irrelevance; other sources of sublimity take precedence. Indeed, Seneca’s concerns, voiced in the Natural Questions, about the seductive allure of political power are fully realized in Lucan’s Caesar, while Acoreus’s discourse on the Nile appears to exploit the imperial fascination with astronomy and meteorology to deadly ends.
The Scientific Sublime and the Case of the Elder Pliny
Authors: Glauthier Patrick
Published: November 2024

The scientific sublime implies a set of values: a commitment to the study of nature’s causes, the hope that such study expands the mind and ennobles the spirit, and a bold willingness to adopt different and often discordant modes of thought. At any historical moment, though, it is possible to conceptualize the study of nature and its relationship to the sublime in multiple ways. Consideration of the Elder Pliny nicely illustrates the point. Pliny’s enthusiasm for empire matches Manilius’s Augustan triumphalism, but Pliny also demonstrates an alienation from the scientific sublime that echoes themes in Lucan, the Aetna poet, and even Longinus. Ultimately, Pliny writes from the perspective of paradoxography, elevating a personified nature and celebrating her wonders, rather than her causes, which leaves little room for the scientific sublime. The Natural History, then, takes us away from the main topic of this book but simultaneously constitutes an important element of the conversation that it documents.
Bridge-Building and the Defence of Sporting Links with South Africa
Authors: Llewellyn Matthew P , Rider Toby C
Published: November 2024

In response to the growing institutionalization of anti-apartheid in Britain, the British sporting establishment unravelled its philosophical bulwark: ‘bridge-building’. Theorizing that sporting relations played an essential role in encouraging the cultivation of more progressive racial policies in the country, British sport officials ignored mounting evidence of race discrimination and freely pursued sporting relations with white South Africa. The ugly underbelly of domestic British racism fuelled this groundswell of white British support for continued sporting links. In the shifting landscapes of postcolonial Britain, far-right groups sought a foothold in British politics. Envisioning a white Commonwealth bound by the ties of race and culture, the British Far Right (which held remarkably close ties to the British sporting establishment) launched campaigns to ‘Beat the Boycott’. Sport featured prominently on the far-right agenda. Threats to white authority and sporting tradition provoked a vicious response. Appearing at British–South African sporting fixtures, far-right groups violently opposed anti-apartheid sport campaigners. Opposition on the British Right coincided with the South African government’s moves to crush the domestic resistance movement, in all of its many guises. South African security forces targeted the senior leadership of the liberation movement, passing draconian laws and issuing repressive banning orders. The South African non-racial sport movement, like the broader liberation movement in general, suffered under the weight of governmental surveillance, harassment, and violence. With a growing urgency, non-racial sport leaders implored their colleagues on the British Left to spearhead campaigns against sporting links with South Africa.
Fiction for Other Purposes
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: November 2024

If fictionality can be used to direct readers into proper houseplant care, or teach them how to repaint their dining-room chairs, do we have a theory that can help us identify fiction when we meet it? Using theory of narrative fiction by Barthes and Lohafer, this chapter asks what fiction is, what the minimal amount of fictionality in a story might be, and how fiction organizes information into something that reads like real experience. Narrative fiction is employed as a reliable discourse to represent a version of real life where characters will enthusiastically take house decoration tips from the Girl’s Own Paper. The chapter argues that the print imaginary builds a fantasy of the production and reception of the magazine that is as flattering as it is flimsy. Imaginary readers become models of consumption for all to follow, and imaginary contributors make the magazine into a print culture hero.
Temporal complexity of the BOLD-signal in preterm versus term infants
Authors: Mella Allison Eve , Vanderwal Tamara , Miller Steven P , Weber Alexander Mark
Published: November 2024

Preterm birth causes alterations in structural and functional cerebral development that are not fully understood. Here, we investigate whether basic characteristics of BOLD signal itself might differ across preterm, term equivalent, and term infants. Anatomical, fMRI, and diffusion weighted imaging data from 716 neonates born at 23–43 weeks gestational age were obtained from the Developing Human Connectome Project. Hurst exponent (H; a measure of temporal complexity of a time-series) was computed from the power spectral density of the BOLD signal within 13 resting state networks. Using linear mixed effects models to account for scan age and birth age, we found that H increased with age, that earlier birth age contributed to lower H values, and that H increased most in motor and sensory networks. We then tested for a relationship between temporal complexity and structural development using H and DTI-based estimates of myelination and found moderate but significant correlations. These findings suggest that the temporal complexity of BOLD signal in neonates relates to age and tracks with known developmental trajectories in the brain. Elucidating how these signal-based differences might relate to maturing hemodynamics in the preterm brain could yield new information about neurophysiological vulnerabilities during this crucial developmental period.
Religion, Refugees, and International Order: A Global History of Solidarity, Dislocation, and Reintegration in South Sudan
Authors: Agensky Jonathan C
Published: November 2024

This article examines the formation of transnational religious networks amid forced migration, displacement, and resettlement. It concerns the effects of these networks on postcolonial African states and the histories they entail within and across the Global North and South. Its central case study is a little-examined resettlement project that returned a group of refugees, trained as physicians while in exile, to South Sudan after Sudan’s second civil war (1983–2005). This encompassed complex relations among refugees, diasporic populations, churches, faith-based NGOs, and public and private actors, linking post-Cold War faith-based politics to the Cuban internationalist educational project of the late 1970s. I argue that, in addition to highlighting critical processes of repatriation and post-conflict reconstruction, this project demonstrates how religious identities and practices take shape in relation to mechanisms of international political order, reworking experiences of displacement and enabling new forms of political agency. International Relations (IR) conventionally neglects these aspects of religion and international politics, focusing instead on ethno-religious contestation or, more recently, the normatively desirable outcomes of religious-political activities. However, greater attention to the transformative interconnections between religion and global governance and the histories they entail is critical for understanding linkages between transnational religious networks, peacebuilding in postcolonial states, and the global mediation of political dislocation.
Responding before responseability: the delayed realisation of climate change as discrepant discourse formation
Authors: Scheffer Thomas
Published: November 2024

This article situates public statements by governments and political leaders in a contingent process of building the capacity to respond to rapid climate change. How do these statements work and how do they contribute to an adequate response to this overwhelming existential problem in the future? How is this done before the capacity to respond has been achieved, and to what effect? The article outlines the stages of these pre-response responses, reconstructing the emergence of climate policy, climate law, and a global climate regime, as well as the multiple struggles and inevitable gaps along the way. I use a question-response pairing drawn from the work of Harvey Sacks to capture the asynchronicity of climate discourse, including climate knowledge and governance, and the pull factors that evolve with each preliminary response. The thickening of accountability plays a central role in this tortuous course, increasingly employing and judging governance at the same time.
Place-Based Policies and Migration: Evidence from India
Authors: Abeberese Ama Baafra , Chaurey Ritam , Menon Radhika
Published: November 2024

Place-based policies may increase migration into eligible areas and, hence, affect their intended aim of reducing economic disparities. Using a regression discontinuity design that exploits an Indian place-based tax-exemption policy, this paper finds that there was an increase in migration for job-related reasons, mainly driven by job transfers. While firm entry and hiring increased in the treated districts, overall employment probability and wages did not change for the average initial resident, although there is some evidence of sectoral shifts in employment. Furthermore, the cost of housing increased in the treated districts. These results provide empirical evidence for the implications of labor mobility for place-based policies.
Postrhinoplasty Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhajress Rafeef , Obeid Dana , Alhedaithy Alhanouf , Assiri Hassan , Alarfaj Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Background:

Even though an increased number of patients indicate satisfaction with rhinoplasty outcomes, unexpected postoperative psychological reactions might occur. Postrhinoplasty depression is a type of adverse psychological response in relation to cosmetic surgery.

Methods:

The present systematic review seeks to evaluate postoperative depression following successful rhinoplasty in patients who are psychologically stable.

Results:

The findings on postrhinoplasty depression are a reminder to cosmetic surgeons that better surgery outcomes might not consistently generate happy and satisfied patients. Even though preoperative mental evaluations are considered important in the screening of patients to undergo rhinoplasty, the assessments might not often be predictive. Cosmetic surgeons should therefore be ready and willing to aid their patients in coping with the adverse psychological responses, including depression. Moreover, this systematic review seeks to enhance the comprehension of both the preoperative and postoperative psychology and mood changes in patients undergoing rhinoplasty.

Conclusions:

Plastic surgeons are required to offer effective counseling services to their patients, ensuring effective and clear communication of their expectations, to aid in the decision on whether patients are apt candidates for rhinoplasty and to reduce the possibility of postrhinoplasty depression and anxiety.
Intestine epithelial–specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1α overexpression ameliorates western diet–induced MASLD
Authors: Xu Manman , Taylor Madison S. , Hill Bradford G. , Li Xiaohong , Rouchka Eric C. , McClain Craig J. , Song Ming
Published: November 2024

Background:

Intestine epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in maintaining gut barrier function. The aim of this study was to determine whether pharmacological or genetic activation of intestinal HIF-1α ameliorates western diet–induced metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease.

Methods:

Metabolic effects of pharmacological activation of HIF-1α by dimethyloxalylglycine were evaluated in HIF-α luciferase reporter (ODD-luc) mice. Male and/or female intestinal epithelial–specific Hif1α overexpression mice (Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre) and wild-type littermates (Hif1αLSL/LSL) were fed with regular chow diet, high fructose (HFr) or high-fat (60% Kcal) high-fructose diet (HFHFr) for 8 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were profiled.

Results:

Dimethyloxalylglycine treatment led to increased intestine HIF-α luciferase activity and decreased blood glucose levels in HFr diet–fed male ODD-luc mice. Male Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre mice exhibited markedly improved glucose tolerance compared to Hif1αLSL/LSL mice in response to HFr diet. Eight weeks HFHFr feeding led to obesity in both Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre and Hif1αLSL/LSL mice. However, male Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre mice exhibited markedly attenuated hepatic steatosis along with reduced liver size and liver weight compared to male Hif1αLSL/LSL mice. Moreover, HFHFr-induced systemic inflammatory responses were mitigated in male Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre mice compared to male Hif1αLSL/LSL mice, and those responses were not evident in female mice. Ileum RNA-seq analysis revealed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was up in male Hif1αLSL/LSL;VilERcre mice, accompanied by increased epithelial cell proliferation. Moreover, an in vitro study showed that HIF stabilization enhances glycolysis in intestine organoids.

Conclusions:

Our data provide evidence that pharmacological or genetic activation of intestinal HIF-1α markedly ameliorates western diet–induced metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in a sex-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism is likely attributed to HIF-1α activation–induced upregulation of glycolysis, which, in turn, leads to enhanced epithelial cell proliferation and augmented gut barrier function.
Aberrant basement membrane production by HSCs in MASLD is attenuated by the bile acid analog INT-767
Authors: Ramachandran Prakash , Brice Madara , Sutherland Elena F. , Hoy Anna M. , Papachristoforou Eleni , Jia Li , Turner Frances , Kendall Timothy J. , Marwick John A. , Carragher Neil O. , Oro Denise , Feigh Michael , Leeming Diana J. , Nielsen Mette J. , Karsdal Morten A. , Hartmann Nadine , Erickson Mary , Adorini Luciano , Roth Jonathan D. , Fallowfield Jonathan A.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a leading therapeutic target for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related fibrosis. INT-767, a potent FXR agonist, has shown promise in preclinical models. We aimed to define the mechanisms of INT-767 activity in experimental MASH and dissect cellular and molecular targets of FXR agonism in human disease.

Methods:

Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were fed a MASH-inducing diet for 15 weeks before the study started. After baseline liver biopsy and stratification, mice were allocated to INT-767 (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle treatment for 8 weeks, either alongside an ongoing MASH diet (progression) or following conversion to normal chow (reversal). Effects on extracellular matrix remodeling were analyzed histologically and by RNA-sequencing. Serum fibrosis biomarkers were measured longitudinally. Human liver samples were investigated using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, histology, and cell culture assays.

Results:

INT-767 treatment was antifibrotic during MASH progression but not reversal, attenuating the accumulation of type I collagen and basement membrane proteins (type IV collagen and laminin). Circulating levels of PRO-C4, a type IV collagen formation marker, were reduced by INT-767 treatment and correlated with fibrosis. Expression of basement membrane constituents also correlated with fibrosis severity and adverse clinical outcomes in human MASH. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of mouse and human livers, and immunofluorescence staining colocalized FXR and basement membrane expression to myofibroblasts within the fibrotic niche. Treatment of culture-activated primary human HSCs with INT-767 decreased expression of basement membrane components.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the importance of basement membrane remodeling in MASH pathobiology and as a source of circulating biomarkers. Basement membrane deposition by activated HSCs is abrogated by INT-767 treatment and measurement of basement membrane molecules should be included when determining the therapeutic efficacy of FXR agonists.
Fasting intact insulin by mass spectrometry is associated with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in youth
Authors: Huneault Helaina E. , Lo Jaclyn S. , Bai Shasha , He Zhulin , McPhaul Michael J. , Bril Fernando , Vos Miriam B. , Cree Melanie G.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Fasting intact insulin concentrations can predict metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adults without diabetes; however, research in youth is limited. We sought to determine whether fasting intact insulin, measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, is associated with MASLD in children.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional analysis used data and samples from children who participated in studies across 3 universities between 2014 and 2022. Key measurements included fasting intact insulin, ALT, and hepatic steatosis assessed by MRI techniques. MASLD was defined as hepatic steatosis ≥5% by MRI with at least 1 cardiometabolic risk factor. The optimal cutoff points to identify MASLD were determined by maximizing the Youden index, and the AUROC curves were compared using the DeLong test.

Results:

The analysis included 184 children (28% male; 14.9 ± 2.6 y; 57% Hispanic race/ethnicity; body mass index 32.5 ± 8.1 kg/m2; 64% with MASLD, 43% with polycystic ovary syndrome, and 5% with other liver diseases). Fasting intact insulin and ALT levels were significantly higher in children with MASLD (p < 0.05). Fasting intact insulin was strongly associated with MASLD with an AUROC of 0.83 (0.77–0.90), sensitivity of 71%, and specificity of 85%. When combined with ALT (intact insulin × ALT [μU/mL × U/L]), the AUROC was 0.88 (0.83–0.94), with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 81%. The improvement in AUROC over intact insulin alone was not statistically significant (p = 0.089) but was statistically significant from ALT (p = 0.022). Optimal cutoff points for intact insulin and intact insulin × ALT were 20 μU/mL and 522 μU/mL × U/L, respectively.

Conclusions:

In pediatric patients, measurements of fasting intact insulin alone and combined with ALT provide a noninvasive strategy for identifying the presence of MASLD.
Mixed Mechanism Diagnosis in Food Allergies
Authors: Weston Eva , Myers Esther
Published: November 2024

Adverse food reactions are classified as either food allergies, which elicit an immune system response, or food intolerances, which do not involve the immune system. Food allergies are further categorized based on the immunological mechanism involved. This fourth article on food allergies focuses on a third category considered “mixed” immunoglobulin E– and non–immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergy reactions, specifically atopic dermatitis and eosinophilic esophagitis.
First reported case of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused byFereydounia khargensisin an End-stage kidney disease patient
Authors: Zhang Qiuying , Xie Mingshui , Liu Yang , Chen Dandan , Xie Wenhang , Zhang Min , Zhou Lunhuan , Hu Zhimin
Published: November 2024

F. khargensisis a yeast and was first described in 2014 from environmental samples.F. khargensisbelongs to the genus Fereydounia that grows as a yeast, was first identified in East Asia. The basidiomycetous yeastFereydounia khargensisis recorded for the first time from living plants and in East Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a relationship with smut fungi belonging to the orderUrocystidales, where the monotypicFereydouniaceaeand the monogenericDoassansiopsidaceaeform the two most basal clades. In culture, this fungus produced cylindrical cells that reproduced by polar budding on short stalks. Production of ballistoconidia and blastospores was observed.
Physics teachers’ professional development on measurement uncertainty: A commognitive approach
Authors: Sivan Ofek , Perl-Nussbaum David , Yerushalmi Edit
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate the fruitfulness of a theoretical framework called , developed in the context of mathematics education research, for conceptualizing and analyzing a professional development (PD) process on measurement uncertainty for secondary physics teachers. Evaluating measurement uncertainty is an important learning goal in the physics lab and is key to determining the validity of an experiment. While research has mapped difficulties students face and teaching strategies to support them, teacher PD still requires attention, both in capturing teachers’ existing perceptions and in designing PD activities that address these perceptions and support teachers in adopting a more scientifically aligned discourse on measurement uncertainty. perceives learning as becoming a participant in the discourse of a specific professional community. A discourse consists of keywords, visual mediators, narratives, and routines—and metarules that govern their use. The appropriation of a new discourse involves reconciling conflicts between the metarules of learners’ existing discourse and the new discourse (i.e., ). We adopted the commognitive framework in all phases of our PD design. First, we mapped the canonical discourse we intended our teachers to adopt versus the prevailing discourse of physics teachers in our national context. Following this mapping, we designed PD tasks intended to lead participants to acknowledge the limitations of their existing discourse on measurement uncertainty as a precursor to internalizing the canonical discourse. Finally, the commognitive framework served as an analytical lens to detect commognitive conflicts involved in collaborative sensemaking among the teachers and between them and the PD facilitators. We demonstrate this type of analysis in a case study, in which learners who hold different discursive metarules encounter implicit commognitive conflicts and discuss implications and untapped opportunities for physics teachers’ PD process on measurement uncertainty.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Circular economy education: student feedback from five higher education institutions in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Ho Olivia , Iyer-Raniga Usha , Sylva Kamani , Sivapalan Subarna , Dissanayaka Sunil Mananama , Sadykova Chinara
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The integration of circular economy (CE) into higher education programmes is a crucial step to facilitate a smooth transition towards circularity. Although existing studies highlight the lack of CE awareness as a primary barrier to achieving circularity, there is still limited research investigating the enhancement of CE understanding after completing CE-related training or courses. To address this gap, this study aims to examine how CE education transforms students’ mindsets to support the strategic application of CE principles and strategies in personal and professional activities.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was designed and distributed to students attending CE courses at five universities located in five countries. Ethics approval for this research project was obtained from University 3 as the lead of the research project. Out of a total of 138 students enrolled in these courses, 109 responses were collected.

Findings

The research findings demonstrate that CE education enhances students’ awareness of CE definitions, principles and strategies through developing their own descriptions of CE concepts and interpretation into personal and professional activities, showcasing practical circular applications.

Practical implications

This paper presents implications for programme coordinators, subject coordinators and lecturers/facilitators at universities/higher educational institutions to consider when designing a course or training workshop related to CE within a particular programme or discipline.

Originality/value

This study identifies invaluable insights of CE education to enhance students understanding and practical applications of circularity in their personal and professional activities. The research findings can be used for crafting and delivering CE courses in different universities. This study can be regarded as guidance to develop a CE curriculum for higher education nurturing a deep understanding of CE concepts while aligning with the industry demands for CE professionals.
Idea to integration: assessing mechatronics technologies in the construction industry of a developing economy
Authors: Aliu John , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Oni Samuel Bankole , Ilesanmi Oluwadamilare Olamide
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The main aim of this research study is to comprehensively evaluate the level of awareness and practical implementation of mechatronic technologies in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on their application within the Nigerian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative framework, this study uses a well-structured questionnaire that was administered to professionals within the Nigerian construction industry. Subsequently, the obtained data was subjected to in-depth analysis such as mean values and standard deviations, utilization of the Kruskal–Wallis H-test and application of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test.

Findings

Results from the study revealed a relatively fair level of awareness and implementation of mechatronic technologies among Nigerian construction professionals. Among the 22 mechatronic technologies surveyed, respondents exhibited considerable awareness and implementation of only a few, underscoring the imperative for further initiatives to enhance awareness of these technologies.

Originality/value

By focusing on a developing country context and specifically addressing the construction sector, this research offers novel insights into the opportunities associated with adopting advanced technological solutions in a unique setting. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future discussions, strategies and interventions aimed at fostering the integration of mechatronic technologies in similar contexts.
From user engagement to app love: Investigating the antecedents and consequences of third-party travel app usage
Authors: Wiyata Wiyata , Md Zain Nur Adilah , Asyraff Muhammad Aliff , Anuar Faiz Izwan , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to empirical tests an integrated framework of third-party travel apps usage antecedents (system quality, information quality, service quality and user engagement) and its consequences (satisfaction, apps love and behavioral intentions).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was used, purposively interviewing 551 users of predetermined third-party travel apps. The data was analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study found that system quality did not significantly impact user engagement, suggesting that users may prioritize content and service over technical features. Both information quality and service quality were positively linked to user engagement, confirming that users are more engaged when app content is relevant and service is adequate. Additionally, higher user engagement led to greater app satisfaction and love, positively influencing users’ behavioral intentions, such as continued use and recommendations.

Practical implications

The results highlight the importance of content and service quality over system features in driving user engagement with smartphone apps. This suggests developers should focus on delivering high-quality information and excellent service to foster user satisfaction and emotional attachment to the app.

Originality/value

The study suggests a shift in focus from technical features to content relevance and service effectiveness, highlighting that users may prioritize these aspects over technical aspects when engaging with an app. This could challenge conventional assumptions about the importance of system quality in user engagement.
Machine learning and AI technology-induced skill gaps and opportunities for continuous development of middle-skilled employees
Authors: Chuang Szufang , Shahhosseini Mehran , Javaid Maria , Wang Greg G.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Based on the sociotechnical systems theory, we examined the human–technology interactions in the context of future works conditioned by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Skills needed to support career sustainability and the future of the workforce, particularly for the middle-skilled workforce in the contemporary United States America (USA) context, were also studied.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a scenario analysis to demonstrate the potential roles that human resource professionals may perform to fill the skill gaps given their expertise in the shaping and skilling processes.

Findings

Assessing the success of the integration of AI and ML into the middle-skilled workforce requires a multi-faceted approach that considers performance metrics, cost-effectiveness, job satisfaction, environmental impact and innovation. Employees with AI skills can be more competitive in the workforce and forward to high-skilled positions.

Research limitations/implications

Empirical research and related studies focusing on evaluations of reskilling and upskilling processes and outcomes would support career sustainability and the future development of middle-skilled workers.

Practical implications

Through a proactive strategic career development plan with AI integration, middle-skilled workers may enhance their career sustainability and be prepared for future higher-skilled work.

Social implications

The economic downturn caused by technology-induced unemployment may be addressed by unleashing middle-skilled workforce potentials for future work created by AI and robotics and sustaining economic competitiveness.

Originality/value

This article offers important implications for human resource development theory-minded researchers and scholarly practitioners.
Long‐term outcomes for women after dilator therapy with or without surgery in the creation of a neovagina
Authors: Koh Yi Ying , Gerstl Brigitte , Sit Andrea , Heller‐Boersma Jacoline , Koch Jana , Juan Yi‐Ping , Deans Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Background

Vaginal aplasia or hypoplasia often requires the creation of a neovagina using vaginal dilation therapy, vaginoplasty surgery, or a combination of both. However, the absence of validated guidelines and the controversy surrounding vaginoplasty surgery have limited our understanding of the long‐term outcomes and impact on quality of life and psychosexual functioning for women with a short or absent vagina. This study provides valuable insights into the Australian context, reflecting the treatment approaches and long‐term psychosocial outcomes for this patient group.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the long‐term effects of vaginal dilation, with or without vaginoplasty surgery, on quality of life and psychosexual functioning in women diagnosed with a short or absent vagina.

Materials and methods

A mixed‐methods design was employed, utilising validated psychometric tools and a semi‐structured interview. The study included patients with disorders of sex development aged above 16 who underwent vaginal dilator therapy between 2012 and 2020, as well as healthy age‐matched controls. The research was conducted at a single tertiary hospital in Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 30 participants, including 11 non‐surgical cases, four surgical cases, and 15 controls. The mean age at inclusion was 30.8 ± 14.1 years. The non‐surgical group exhibited significantly higher scores indicating a greater ‘need for help’ compared to the surgical group (30.0 ± 19.3 and 4.5 ± 9.0; P = 0.0121). No other statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion

Choice of treatment should consider various factors, including patient preference and responsiveness to treatment. These findings emphasise the importance of personalised care in the Australian context and highlight the need for further research, particularly with larger and more homogenous sample sizes, to enhance clinical decision‐making in this population.
Test–retest variability of mesopic microperimetry‐associated parameters in patients with retinitis pigmentosa: REPEAT Study Report No. 2
Authors: Karuntu Jessica S. , Pfau Maximilian , Jolly Jasleen K. , Boon Camiel J. F.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Understanding test–retest variability (TRV) of mesopic microperimetry is critical for defining meaningful treatment effects in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) trials. This study uniquely evaluates intra‐ and intervisit TRV and coefficients of repeatability (CoRs) for microperimetry parameters in RP patients with varying best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) levels.

Methods

In this single‐centre prospective cohort study, RP patients were assessed on two visits, 14.0 days apart. Patients were grouped by BCVA: low (≤20/50 Snellen; ≥0.4 logMAR) or moderate (>20/50 Snellen; <0.4 logMAR). Using Bland–Altman analyses, the CoRs for intra‐ and intervisit variability were determined for pointwise (dB), mean (dB), and volume sensitivity (dB*deg2) on mesopic microperimetry.

Results

Intravisit CoRs for mean, volume, and pointwise sensitivity were 1.7 dB, 353.2 dB*deg2, and 8.6 dB, respectively, in the low‐BCVA group (n = 32), and 0.9 dB, 254.5 dB*deg2, and 7.3 dB in the moderate‐BCVA group (n = 15).

Intervisit CoRs for mean, volume, and pointwise sensitivity were 2.4 dB, 355.2 dB*deg2, and 10.2 dB in the low‐BCVA group (n = 31). The moderate‐BCVA group (n = 16) showed smaller CoRs of 1.6 dB, 386.8 dB*deg2, and 7.7 dB for mean, volume, and pointwise sensitivity. BCVA and mean sensitivity, but not fixation stability, are predictors of TRV for volume sensitivity.

Conclusions

Due to significant TRV, pointwise sensitivity is an unreliable endpoint for RP patients, irrespective of BCVA. Mean sensitivity is suitable as an endpoint when BCVA is relatively preserved.

Volume sensitivity provides additional spatial information, and shows promise as a clinical endpoint for assessing macular sensitivity changes on mesopic microperimetry in patients with RP.
Patient‐reported visual function outcomes in immediately sequential versus delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery
Authors: Nielsen Mads Assenholt , Bjerager Jakob , Citirak Gülsenay , Holm Lars Morten , Nielsen Esben , Subhi Yousif , Singh Amardeep
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To compare patient‐reported visual function outcomes of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS).

Methods

Single‐center, randomised controlled trial of patients eligible for bilateral cataract surgery allocated to ISBCS or DSBCS. Patients filled out the Catquest‐7SF questionnaire before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 3 months after surgery.

Results

Ninety‐eight patients were included for analysis (ISBCS = 51; DSBCS = 47). In both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in Catquest‐7SF patient‐reported outcomes after surgery (p < 0.001), and no difference between the ISBCS and DSBCS groups (p ≥ 0.424). At both 1 week and 3 months post‐surgery, a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients were “very satisfied” with the surgical approach in the ISBCS group (94.1% at both 1 week and 3 months) compared to the DSBCS group (55.3% at 1 week and 63.8% at 3 months), both p < 0.001.

Conclusions

Both ISBCS and DSBCS are effective options to treat bilateral cataracts with no statistically significant difference in patient‐reported vision outcomes. However, we found postoperative satisfaction with the surgical approach to be higher among ISBCS patients, which suggests that ISBCS‐related benefits, such as fewer health care visits and shorter vision rehabilitation, are compelling to patients.
Romiplostim, low‐dose rituximab and high‐dose dexamethasone for newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: A pilot study
Authors: Colunga‐Pedraza Perla R. , De la Garza‐Salazar Fernando , Vaquera‐Alfaro Héctor A. , Gómez‐De León Andrés , Bustillos‐Muñoz Mónica , Tarín‐Arzaga Luz , Cantú‐Rodríguez Olga , Gutiérrez‐Aguirre César Homero , Gómez‐Almaguer David
Published: November 2024

Therapies such as corticosteroids, thrombopoietin receptor agonists and immunomodulators have been consistently under the spotlight in the search for a better treatment for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, none of them has been widely embraced as a new standard. In this pilot study, we investigated feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of romiplostim, low‐dose rituximab and high‐dose dexamethasone for newly diagnosed ITP. We conducted a single‐centre single‐arm pilot. One‐month treatment adherence was 100%. The 1‐month overall response rate was 92.3%. Complete response occurred in 11 (84.6%) patients. Median duration of response was 4.13 monts (range 0.2–25). No serious adverse events presented.
Better late than never: Delayed asparaginase during induction for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults
Authors: Valtis Yannis K. , Luskin Marlise R.
Published: November 2024

Paediatric regimens which incorporate asparaginase have improved outcomes of adolescents and younger adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia but are limited by toxicity. This retrospective report by Tinajero and Xu suggests that delaying the timing of asparaginase administration during ALL induction may reduce risk of hepatotoxicity.

Commentary on: Tinajero et al. Delaying pegaspargase during induction in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with lower risk of high‐grade hepatotoxicity without adversely impacting outcomes. Br J Haematol 2024 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19880.
Healthcare utilization associated with obesity management in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wharton Sean , Belloum Adel , Luckevich Maria , Kamran Elham , Luguzis Artis , Eberg Maria , Kukaswadia Atif , Neish Calum S. , Capucci Silvia , Varbo Anette , Morgen Camilla S.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to describe the characteristics, healthcare resources utilized and costs incurred by adults receiving publicly funded obesity care in Ontario, Canada. People living with obesity who first visited Wharton Medical Clinic, a weight and diabetes management clinic in Ontario, between 2015 and 2018 were identified. Pseudoanonymized data were linked to administrative databases to understand healthcare utilization and costs borne by the public payer over 3 years. 6208 participants had linked data, 63.9% and 27.3% of whom remained followed one and two years after their first clinic visit, respectively. The cohort was 71.84% female with a mean (SD) age of 50.86 (13.28) years and BMI of 40.21 (7.06) kg/m2. Approximately 25% of participants were prescribed pharmacotherapy (liraglutide, orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion), 4% received psychological therapy and 2% had weight‐loss surgery. Common obesity‐related complications were hypertension (42.62%), musculoskeletal pain (35.20%) and dyslipidaemia (33.65%). Participants had 22.16 physician visits per person‐year in year one, mostly to general practitioners and endocrinologists, which decreased to 17.38 visits per person‐year by year three. Mean total costs (excluding privately covered prescriptions) per person‐year decreased from $5227.25 (Canadian dollars) (SE: $0.97) to $4982.88 (SE: $2.16) over the same period. Participants were mostly female and presented with obesity‐related complications. Although healthcare utilization and costs incurred by the cohort were high, both showed a decreasing trend over the follow‐up period.
Effect of PEG‐400 on dyeing properties of cotton fabric in non‐aqueous medium system
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhang Hongjuan , Wang Zhengkai , Guo Jing , Yang Qun , Pei Liujun , Liang Shuaitong , Jin Kaili , Wang Jiping
Published: November 2024

Traditional reactive dyeing has the technical problems of high water consumption and high pollution. In this article, the effect of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG‐400) on the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with high concentration reactive dyes in non‐aqueous medium was studied. Initially, the effects of PEG‐400 on colour strength (K/S) and colour fastness of dyed fabric with reactive dye are systematically discussed. In addition, the effect of PEG‐400 on the hydrolysis properties of reactive dyes was analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time, the molecular interaction force between the dye and PEG‐400 was analysed by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) spectroscopy. The results showed that when PEG‐400 concentration was 3.0 g/L, K/S value of dyed fabric (5.0%, on weight of fabric, owf) was increased by 33.5%, and is much higher than dyed fabrics without PEG‐400. HPLC and UV‐visible analysis showed that the addition of PEG‐400 effectively reduced the hydrolysis rate of dye II containing two vinyl sulfone reactive groups, which was converted from C.I. Reactive Black 5 containing contains diethylsulfone sulphate group. Its hydrolysis rate was reduced by 20.9%. PEG‐400 also decreased the aggregation degree of high concentration reactive dye, and increased the solubility of reactive dye. This method has certain universality. Therefore, using PEG‐400 as an additive is an effective way to improve the dye uptake of reactive dyes in non‐aqueous medium dyeing system and realise cleaner production.