bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring tautomerization of single hypericin molecules in a tunable optical λ/2 microcavity
Authors: Wang Liangxuan , Liu Quan , Wackenhut Frank , Brecht Marc , Adam Pierre-Michel , Gierschner Johannes , Meixner Alfred J.
Published: December 2021

Hypericin tautomerization that involves the migration of the labile protons is believed to be the primary photophysical process relevant to its light-activated antiviral activity. Despite the difficulty in isolating individual tautomers, it can be directly observed in single-molecule experiments. We show that the tautomerization of single hypericin molecules in free space is observed as an abrupt flipping of the image pattern accompanied with fluorescence intensity fluctuations, which are not correlated with lifetime changes. Moreover, the study can be extended to a λ/2 Fabry–Pérot microcavity. The modification of the local photonic environment by a microcavity is well simulated with a theoretical model that shows good agreement with the experimental data. Inside a microcavity, the excited state lifetime and fluorescence intensity of single hypericin molecules are correlated, and a distinct jump of the lifetime and fluorescence intensity reveals the temporal behavior of the tautomerization with high sensitivity and high temporal resolution. The observed changes are also consistent with time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Our approach paves the way to monitor and even control reactions for a wider range of molecules at the single molecule level.
Discovery of small molecule guanylyl cyclase A receptor positive allosteric modulators
Authors: Sangaralingham S. Jeson , Whig Kanupriya , Peddibhotla Satyamaheshwar , Kirby R. Jason , Sessions Hampton E. , Maloney Patrick R. , Hershberger Paul M. , Mose-Yates Heather , Hood Becky L. , Vasile Stefan , Pan Shuchong , Zheng Ye , Malany Siobhan , Burnett John C.
Published: December 2021

Significance

The particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor (GC-A), via its endogenous cardiac-derived hormones atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), plays a pivotal role in maintaining intravascular volume, arterial pressure, cardiovascular structure, function, and, more recently, metabolic homeostasis. As such, therapies to potentiate GC-A signaling via peptide augmentation have yielded promising results in clinical trials. A major breakthrough in GC-A therapeutics would be a small molecule that sensitizes the GC-A receptor to endogenous ANP or BNP, which to date does not exist. Here, we report the development of an orally bioavailable, small molecule positive allosteric modulator of GC-A that exhibits therapeutic activity in human hypertension and heart failure ex vivo.
Production of ammonia makes Venusian clouds habitable and explains observed cloud-level chemical anomalies
Authors: Bains William , Petkowski Janusz J. , Rimmer Paul B. , Seager Sara
Published: December 2021

Significance

This research provides a transformative hypothesis for the chemistry of the atmospheric cloud layers of Venus while reconciling decades-long atmosphere anomalies. Our model predicts that the clouds are not entirely made of sulfuric acid, but are partially composed of ammonium salt slurries, which may be the result of biological production of ammonia in cloud droplets. As a result, the clouds are no more acidic than some extreme terrestrial environments that harbor life. Life could be making its own environment on Venus. The model’s predictions for the abundance of gases in Venus’ atmosphere match observation better than any previous model, and are readily testable.
SARS-CoV-2 spike engagement of ACE2 primes S2′ site cleavage and fusion initiation
Authors: Yu Shi , Zheng Xu , Zhou Bingjie , Li Juan , Chen Mengdan , Deng Rong , Wong Gary , Lavillette Dimitri , Meng Guangxun
Published: December 2021

Significance

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is responsible for host receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and viral infection. Understanding the cellular and inhibiting the molecular mechanisms of spike-driven viral entry is a research priority in curbing the ongoing pandemic and preventing future coronavirus outbreaks. Here, we highlight that the generation of SARS-CoV-2 S2′ fragments, a proteolytic event occurring within the S2 subunit, is a molecular switch coupled to membrane fusion. Downstream of host receptor recognition, spike-driven syncytia formation requires the presence of an S2′ cleavage site at arginine 815 but not 685. Hence, the proteolytic processing of spike at the S2′ site upon its engagement of host ACE2 may serve as a potential antiviral target against the current SARS-CoV-2 and related coronavirus strains.
FosGFP expression does not capture a sensory learning-related engram in superficial layers of mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Lee Jiseok , Urban-Ciecko Joanna , Park Eunsol , Zhu Mo , Myal Stephanie E. , Margolis David J. , Barth Alison L.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Activity-dependent, immediate-early gene (IEG) expression has been used to label and reactivate specific subsets of neurons involved in memory encoding in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. Although neurons in primary sensory cortex are changed by learning, previous studies have not linked IEG expression to a learning-related engram in this brain area. We longitudinally monitored expression of a fosGFP transgene in mouse barrel cortex during a whisker-dependent sensory association learning. Surprisingly, we found that sensory training does not alter fosGFP expression in L2/3 neurons and that thalamocortical synaptic potentiation is not concentrated in fosGFP-expressing neurons. These data show that a learning-related neural ensemble in primary sensory cortex is not revealed by expression of a transgenic reporter of the IEG c-fos.
Arboridia kakogawana
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Arboridia kakogawana
(Matsumura), Hemiptera: Cicadellidae. Host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Xinjiang, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Korea Democratic Republic and Korea Republic) and Europe (Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Russian Far East, Southern Russia, Serbia and Ukraine).
Thermoelectric characteristics of flexible reduced graphene oxide/silver selenide nanowire composites prepared by a facile vacuum filtration process
Authors: Xiao Zuo , Du Yong , Meng Qiufeng , Wang Lei
Published: December 2021

The reduced graphene oxide/silver selenide nanowire (rGO/Ag2Se NW) composite powders were fabricated via a wet chemical approach, and then flexible rGO/Ag2Se NW composite film was prepared by a facile vacuum filtration method combined with cold-pressing treatment. A highest power factor of 228.88 μW·m−1·K−2 was obtained at 331 K for the cold-pressed rGO/Ag2Se NW composite film with 0.01 wt% rGO. The rGO/Ag2Se NW composite film revealed superior flexibility as the power factor retained 94.62% after bending for 500 times with a bending radius of 4 mm, which might be due to the interwoven network structures of Ag2Se NWs and pliability of rGO as well as nylon membrane. These results demonstrated that the GO/Ag2Se NW composite film has a potential for preparation of flexible thermoelectric devices.
Effect of net carriers at the interconnection layer in tandem organic solar cells
Authors: Chen Li-Jia , Niu Guo-Xi , Niu Lian-Bin , Song Qun-Liang
Published: December 2021

Tandem cell with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/molybdenum oxide (MoO3)/fullerene (C60)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60/tris-8-hydroxy-quinolinato aluminum (Alq3)/Al was fabricated to study the effect of net carriers at the interconnection layer. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current were found to be 1.15 V and 0.56 mA/cm2, respectively. Almost the same performance (1.05 V, 0.58 mA/cm2) of tandem cell with additional recombination layer (ITO/MoO3/C60/Alq3/Al/Ag/MoO3/CuPc/C60/Alq3/Al) demonstrates that the carrier balance is more crucial than carrier recombination. The net holes at the interconnection layer caused by more carrier generation from the back cell on one hand would enhance the recombination with electrons from the front cell and on the other hand would quench the excitons produced in CuPc of the back cell.
Influence of optical nonlinearity on combining efficiency in ultrashort pulse fiber laser coherent combining system
Authors: Zhu Yun-Chen , Li Ping-Xue , Yao Chuan-Fei , Li Chun-Yong , Xiong Wen-Hao , Li Shun
Published: December 2021

The influence of optical nonlinearity on combining efficiency in ultrashort pulse fiber laser coherent combining system is investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical work, a new theoretical algorithm is presented for the coherent combining efficiency, which can be used to quantify the spectral coherence decay induced by optical nonlinearity imbalance between the sub-beams. The spectral information of the sub-beam is obtained by numerically solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in this algorithm to ensure an accurate prediction. In the experimental work, the coherent combining of two all-fiber picosecond lasers is achieved, and the influence of imbalanced optical nonlinearity on the combining efficiency is studied, which agrees with the theoretical prediction. This paper reveals the physical mechanism for the influence of optical nonlinearity on the combining efficiency, which is valuable for the coherent combining of ultrashort pulse fiber laser beams.
Numerical method for solving the piecewise constant source inverse problem of an elliptic equation from a partial boundary observation data
Authors: Ivanov D Kh , Kolesov A E , Vabishchevich P N
Published: December 2021

We present results of numerical investigation of the source term recovery in a boundary value problem for an elliptic equation. An additional information about the solution is considered as its normal derivative taken on a part of the boundary. Such source inverse problem is related with inverse gravimetry problem of determining an inhomogeneity from gravitational potential anomalies on the Earth’s surface. We propose an iterative method for numerical recovery of the source term on the base of minimization of the observation residual by a gradient type method. The numerical implementation is based on finite element approximation using the FEniCS scientific computing platform and the dolfin-adjoint package. The capabilities of the developed computational algorithm are illustrated by results of numerical solutions of two dimensional test problems.
Comparative analysis of the numerical methods for 3D continuation problem for parabolic equation with data on the part of the boundary
Authors: Prikhodko Aleksei , Shishlenin Maxim
Published: December 2021

The problem of continuation of the solution of a three-dimensional parabolic equation with data given on a time-like surface is investigated. Two numerical methods for solving the continuation problem are compared: the finite-difference scheme inversion and the solution of inverse problem by gradient method. The functional gradient formula is obtained. The results of numerical calculations are presented.
Fourier Transformation method for solving integral equation in the 2.5D problem of electric sounding
Authors: Rakisheva D.S. , Mukanova B.G.
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses a method for solving an integral equation for calculating a three-dimensional electric field in a medium with a two-dimensional geometry based on the Fourier transform. The results of the numerical solution of the transformed integral equation and the original integral equation for the medium with the surface relief are compared. The original equation was solved using parallelization technologies on a system with shared memory. A significant performance improvement based on the transformed equations, including in comparison with the parallel version of the program for the original integral equation, is shown.
The five-point non-coherent model of a distributed radar object providing the independent control of angle noise probability characteristics along two orthogonal coordinate axes
Authors: Podkopayev A O , Stepanov M A
Published: December 2021

The two-dimensional five-point non-coherent model replacing a distributed radar target is explored in this work. Four fixed model points are set in corners of the square but the fifth movable point lies inside of this square. Model points are supplied by normal uncorrelated random processes. The possibilities of the five-point non-coherent model of a distributed radar object for independent control of the producing angle noise parameters along two orthogonal coordinate axes are explored. The disadvantage of this model is noted - the connection of parameters values of angle noise probability density function for two coordinate axes. The expression describing this connection is specified. Expressions determining the boundaries of the allowable coordinate values of the fifth movable point of the five-point non-coherent model, within which the model provides the set parameters of the angle noise probability density function, are defined. The arrived results are validated by program simulations.
Virtual space virtual satellite
Authors: Baleskin V A , Bubnova M A , Kosinov A N , Abrameshin D A , Romanov L A , Nikitin B S
Published: December 2021

“Virtual space virtual satellite” (VSVS) software solution has been developed for computing the geomagnetic field and studying the results of modelling small spacecraft flight at low orbit with different parameters. The application will allow to replace a number of experiments. In addition, SGP4 and IGRF models are studied due to their role in development of the solution, as are the possible applications in developing solutions for educating high school and university students as well as introducing them to space-themed projects.
Decision support system for location selection of convenience stores and retail facilities using optimization techniques and GIS
Authors: Golovnin O K , Igonina A A
Published: December 2021

The successful spatial location of small convenience stores and retail facilities greatly affects the potential flow of customers, therefore the task of optimizing their location is primary when opening a new store or revising an existing stores’ location. We developed a decision support system for location selection of convenience stores and retail facilities using optimization techniques and a geographic information system. The system identifies areas on an electronic map with the greatest potential to locate a store or retail facility, taking into account its specifics, pedestrian accessibility, opening hours, and a set of goods or services. The system calculates the optimal location of one or several stores using one of the optimization techniques for the criterion of the number of potential customers. In our experiments, we used gradient descent for optimization. The experiments were carried out in areas of various sizes using data obtained from Open Street Map. Experimental results showed that the system finds the optimal location in a reasonable time and therefore it can be useful for small convenience stores and retail facilities.
Fluorescence of pyrene-doped polystyrene films from room temperature down to 4 K for wavelength-shifting applications
Authors: Benmansour H. , Ellingwood E. , Hars Q. , Di Stefano P.C.F. , Gallacher D. , Kuźniak M. , Pereimak V. , Anstey J. , Boulay M.G. , Cai B. , Garg S. , Kemp A. , Mason J. , Skensved P. , Strickland V. , Stringer M.
Published: December 2021

In liquid argon-based particle detectors, slow wavelength shifters (WLSs) could be used alongside the common, nanosecond scale, WLS tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) for background mitigation purposes.
At room temperature, pyrene has a moderate fluorescence light yield (LY) and a time constant of the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. In this work, four pyrene-doped polystyrene films with various purities and concentrations were characterized in terms of LY and decay time constants in a range of temperature between 4 K and 300 K under ultraviolet excitation. These films were found to have a LY between 35 and 50% of that of evaporated TPB.
All light yields increase when cooling down, while the decays slow down. At room temperature, we observed that pyrene purity is strongly correlated with emission lifetime: highest obtainable purity samples were dominated by decays with emission time constants of ∼ 250–280 ns, and lower purity samples were dominated by an ∼ 80 ns component.
One sample was investigated further to better understand the monomer and excimer emissions of pyrene. The excimer-over-monomer intensity ratio decreases when the temperature goes down, with the monomer emission dominating below ∼ 87 K.
Drought Monitoring in Gresik Regency East Java using Satellite Image Time Series and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Dwiyaniek Rosmalisa , Sukojo Bangun Muljo , Bioresita Filsa
Published: December 2021

Gresik is one of the areas with severe drought levels in East Java. This drought disaster caused by low rainfall and the high average surface temperature in an area. These two factors are currently difficult to predict due to uncertain climate change, this is also related to the global warming that is happening. This disaster cannot be completely avoided but can be minimized. This research was conducted to periodically check or time series of droughts by utilizing the Google Earth Engine platform. Drought identification obtained from multitemporal Landsat 8 satellite imagery with the TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) algorithm and field data retrieval in the form of aerial photos using a thermal camera from the DJI Mavic Enterprise Dual Thermal. From this study, it can be monitoring the distribution of drought in the 2015-2020 period in Gresik Regency occurred in 9 sub-districts, there are Wringinanom, Driyorejo, Kedamean, Balongpanggang, Benjeng, Menganti sub-districts as well as several areas in Duduksampeyan, Cerme and Panceng sub-districts. The identification of dry land also correlates well with the rainfall that occurs, namely?100 mm/month, which has low rainfall during drought events.
Monitoring Seawater Quality in the Kali Porong Estuary as an Area for Lapindo Mud Disposal leveraging Google Earth Engine
Authors: Bioresita Filsa , Ummah Muhammad Hidayatul , Wulansari Mega , Putri Nabilla Aprillia
Published: December 2021

The hot mudflow released by Lapindo Mud Volcano periodically requires a large storage space. It is resulting the change in the main function of Kali Porong which is the channel for mud to the river mouth. This causes changes in water quality at Kali Porong estuary. The purpose of this study was to monitor water quality at Kali Porong estuary using Sentinel 2 image data with Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and chlorophyll-a analysis. Cloud computing technology can process image data into useful information. One of the open source cloud computing platforms is Google Earth Engine (GEE). In this platform, there is a database for storing satellite image data, including Sentinel-2. In addition to storing remote sensing data, GEE can process images quickly using the Java scripting language. In this study, monitoring was carried out in February-June 2021. The results show the average value of chlorophyll-a each month from February to June was 2.78 μg/m3, 2.76 μg/m3, 2.74 μg/m3, 2.98 μg/m3, and 3.2 mg/l. The average monthly TSS values from February to June were 16.11 μg/m3, 15.91 μg/m3, 15.76 μg/m3, 17.45 μg/m3, and 19.86 μg/m3, respectively. The correlation test result for chlorophyll-a estimation is 0.654. In the other hand, the correlation test result for the estimated TSS is 0.652. The trophic status of the waters at Kali Porong estuary is in the eutrophic class or has been polluted. The results show a tendency for the area with polluted trophic status to increase from February to June.
Correlation Of Residual Anomaly and Isoseismal Map by Using Power Spectral Density Method in Palu City Region
Authors: Rasif Nahari , Pramudhita Benedictus Dicky Pradnya Agung , Ilman Alfin Alamsyah , Purwanto Mohammad Singgih , Widodo Amien
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted to see the correlation between residual anomaly map, geological map, and isoseismal map and how they contribute to the determination of earthquake-prone areas. Moreover, the area studied is an area that is difficult to obtain geophysical data such as urban areas. The residual anomaly is obtained by calculating the bouguer anomaly from elevation data and free-air correction satellite, which then through the FFT process changes the spatial domain to the frequency domain in MATLAB. Thus, it can separate regional anomaly maps with residuals. Using the overlaying technique on two maps, namely residual anomaly maps with isoseismal, a clear correlation was found between the residual anomaly value and the impact of the earthquake as well as the validation of the geological map in the area
Crustal Deformation of the Kendeng Fault Branches Area from GNSS and InSAR Data in Surabaya City, Indonesia
Authors: Ayani R H , Ching K E , Anjasmara I M , Lin Y N
Published: December 2021

Slip rates on active faults derived from the interseismic velocity field are critical to understanding seismic hazards in metropolitan cities. This study integrated the data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to evaluate the interseismic velocities in the second-largest city in Indonesia, Surabaya, where branches of the Kendeng fault (the Surabaya and the Waru faults) pass through. Data from 16 campaign-mode GNSS stations collected between 2017 and 2020 from previous research are reprocessed to estimate the velocity field. Horizontal velocities under the ITRF frame range between -23.8 mm/yr and 47.9 mm/yr toward the southeast. Vertical velocities generally range between -1.3 mm/yr and -112.2 mm/yr. Sentinel-1A SAR data of both ascending and descending tracks acquired between November 2014 and July 2020 were used to generate the interferograms with the InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) software. Furthermore, cumulative displacement time series were constructed using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique within the Generic InSAR Analysis Toolbox (GIAnT). This study also carried out the detection of outlier SAR epochs to improve the precision of Line-of-sight (LOS) velocity estimates. The LOS velocities range from -14.8 to 10.8 mm/yr in the ascending track and from -12.7 to 9.5 mm/yr in the descending track. These results will facilitate the detection of coupling behaviors on the Kendeng fault branches, which can improve our understanding of seismic risks in the Surabaya area.
Microzonation of Probolinggo Fault Using Microtremor as an Effort for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Rochman Juan Pandu Gya Nur , Widodo Amien , Warnana Dwa Desa , Lestari Wien , Mariyanto  , Ariyanti Nita , Karo Jeremy Reviel Karo
Published: December 2021

Earthquake can be caused by several things, one of which is due to an active fault. To mitigate earthquake disasters that can be caused by the Probolinggo Fault, measurement of the microtremor geophysical method is carried out to analyze seismic vulnerability. In this study, the microtremor measurements were carried out on 30 measurement points. The data obtained from measurements are then processed using EasyHVSR software to obtain natural frequency (f0) and natural amplification (A0) values. This value is then used to create a microtremor microzonation map, which is seismic vulnerability index, based on natural frequency and amplification . it founded that low natural frequency mostly founded on eastern of measurement area, caused by thick sedimentary from Lamongan volcanic. High amplification mostly founded from middle to western area, and high seismic vulnerability index founded on western of measurement area, include Maron and Krucil Sub-district. It means seismic wave can very destructive on those area.
Identification of drug–target interactions via multiple kernel-based triple collaborative matrix factorization
Authors: Ding Yijie , Tang Jijun , Guo Fei , Zou Quan
Published: December 2021

Targeted drugs have been applied to the treatment of cancer on a large scale, and some patients have certain therapeutic effects. It is a time-consuming task to detect drug–target interactions (DTIs) through biochemical experiments. At present, machine learning (ML) has been widely applied in large-scale drug screening. However, there are few methods for multiple information fusion. We propose a multiple kernel-based triple collaborative matrix factorization (MK-TCMF) method to predict DTIs. The multiple kernel matrices (contain chemical, biological and clinical information) are integrated via multi-kernel learning (MKL) algorithm. And the original adjacency matrix of DTIs could be decomposed into three matrices, including the latent feature matrix of the drug space, latent feature matrix of the target space and the bi-projection matrix (used to join the two feature spaces). To obtain better prediction performance, MKL algorithm can regulate the weight of each kernel matrix according to the prediction error. The weights of drug side-effects and target sequence are the highest. Compared with other computational methods, our model has better performance on four test data sets.
GEnView: a gene-centric, phylogeny-based comparative genomics pipeline for bacterial genomes and plasmids
Authors: Ebmeyer Stefan , Coertze Roelof Dirk , Berglund Fanny , Kristiansson Erik , Larsson D G Joakim
Published: December 2021

Comparing genomic loci of a given bacterial gene across strains and species can provide insights into their evolution, including information on e.g. acquired mobility, the degree of conservation between different taxa or indications of horizontal gene transfer events. While thousands of bacterial genomes are available to date, there is no software that facilitates comparisons of individual gene loci for a large number of genomes. GEnView (Genetic Environment View) is a Python-based pipeline for the comparative analysis of gene–loci in a large number of bacterial genomes, providing users with automated, taxon-selective access to the >800.000 genomes and plasmids currently available in the NCBI Assembly and RefSeq databases, and is able to process local genomes that are not deposited at NCBI, enabling searches for genomic sequences and to analyze their genetic environments through the interactive visualization and extensive metadata files created by GEnView.

Availability and implementation

GEnView is implemented in Python 3. Instructions for download and usage can be found at https://github.com/EbmeyerSt/GEnView under GLP3.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Disruption of amygdalaTsc2in adolescence leads to changed prelimbic cellular activity and generalized fear responses at adulthood in rats
Authors: Joly Fanny , Jeckel Pauline , Kriebel Martin , Raut Sanket , El Massioui Nicole , Vaillend Cyrille , Johnson Luke R , Volkmer Hansjürgen , Doyère Valérie
Published: December 2021

Adolescence constitutes a period of vulnerability in the emergence of fear-related disorders (FRD), as a massive reorganization occurs in the amygdala-prefrontal cortex network, critical to regulate fear behavior. Genetic and environmental factors during development may predispose to the emergence of FRD at the adult age, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested whether a partial knock-down of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2, Tuberin), a risk gene for neurodevelopmental disorders, in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) from adolescence could alter fear-network functionality and create a vulnerability ground to FRD appearance at adulthood. Using bilateral injection of a lentiviral vector expressing a miRNA against Tsc2 in the BLA of early (PN25) or late adolescent (PN50) rats, we show that alteration induced specifically from PN25 resulted in an increased c-Fos activity at adulthood in specific layers of the prelimbic cortex, a resistance to fear extinction and an overgeneralization of fear to a safe, novel stimulus. A developmental dysfunction of the amygdala could thus play a role in the vulnerability to FRD emergence at adulthood. We propose our methodology as an alternative to model the developmental vulnerability to FRD, especially in its comorbidity with TSC2-related autism syndrome.
The performance of cooperation strategies for enhancing the efficiency of international oil trade networks
Authors: Wei Na , Xie Wen-Jie , Zhou Wei-Xing
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of the international oil trade networks (iOTNs) is an important measure of the efficient redistribution of oil resources among various economies. Adopting cooperation strategies between economies can enhance the efficiency of the iOTNs. We design a series of trade cooperation strategies based on trade volumes, geographic locations and local similarities of economies, and quantitatively analyse the impact of new trade relations on the efficiency of the iOTNs under different trade cooperation strategies. We find that the oil trade system rapidly developed into a more efficient system for the flows of resources and market information. When the proportion of newly added trade relationships is fairly large, the win–win strategy can improve the network efficiency the most; otherwise, the common neighbour strategy performs the best.
A holistic analysis of web-based public key infrastructure failures: comparing experts' perceptions and real-world incidents
Authors: Hadan Hilda , Serrano Nicolas , Camp L Jean
Published: December 2021

Public key infrastructure (PKI) is the foundation of secure and trusted transactions across the Internet. This paper presents an evaluation of web-based PKI incidents in two parts. We began with a qualitative study where we captured security and policy experts' perceptions of PKI in a set of interviews. We interviewed 18 experts in two conferences who include security academics and practitioners. We describe their perceptions of PKI failures. To evaluate whether perceived failures match real documented failures, we conducted a quantitative analysis of real-world PKI incidents on the web since 2001. Our data comprise reports from Bugzilla, root program operators, academic literature, security blogs, and the popular press. We determined the underlying causes of each and reported the results. We identified a gap between experts' perceptions and real-world PKI incidents. We conclude that there are significant sources of failures of PKI that neither the usability nor traditional computer security community is engaging, nor can arguably engage separately. Specifically, we found incidents illustrate systematic weaknesses of organizational practices that create risks for all who rely upon PKI. More positively, our results also point to organizational and configuration choices that could avoid or mitigate some of these risks. Thus, we also identify immediate mitigation strategies (where feasible).
Interpretation and actionability of genetic variants in cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Council on cardiovascular genomics
Authors: Arbustini Eloisa , Behr Elijah R , Carrier Lucie , van Duijn Cornelia , Evans Paul , Favalli Valentina , van der Harst Pim , Haugaa Kristina Hermann , Jondeau Guillaume , Kääb Stefan , Kaski Juan Pablo , Kavousi Maryam , Loeys Bart , Pantazis Antonis , Pinto Yigal , Schunkert Heribert , Di Toro Alessandro , Thum Thomas , Urtis Mario , Waltenberger Johannes , Elliott Perry
Published: December 2021

This document describes the contribution of clinical criteria to the interpretation of genetic variants using heritable Mendelian cardiomyopathies as an example. The aim is to assist cardiologists in defining the clinical contribution to a genetic diagnosis and the interpretation of molecular genetic reports. The identification of a genetic variant of unknown or uncertain significance is a limitation of genetic testing, but current guidelines for the interpretation of genetic variants include essential contributions from clinical family screening that can establish a de novo assignment of the variant or its segregation with the phenotype in the family. A partnership between clinicians and patients helps to solve major uncertainties and provides reliable and clinically actionable information.
Classification of volcanic tremors and earthquakes based on seismic correlation: application at Sakurajima volcano, Japan
Authors: Permana Theodorus , Nishimura Takeshi , Nakahara Hisashi , Shapiro Nikolai
Published: December 2021

Classification of volcanic tremors and earthquakes is an important part of volcano monitoring. Conventional classification technique relies on visual characterization of the amplitudes, frequency, or duration of seismic signals. In some cases, such classification is difficult to be maintained continuously, especially during high eruptive activities. In the present study, we develop a classification technique based on analyses of seismic wave correlation. The technique is based on a measure of spatial coherence using the distribution width of eigenvalues from the seismic covariance matrix that is referred to as ‘spectral width’. We use the spectral width characteristics to extract the frequencies where the seismic signals are the most spatially coherent. We analyse 6-month continuous seismic data at six seismic stations deployed on Sakurajima volcano, Japan. The classification is performed every 10 min to recognize volcanic tremor and B-type earthquakes, both of which show unclear onsets and are dominant at around 1–4 Hz. Their frequencies of high spatial coherence are different from each other, providing a basis for automatic classification of both types of seismic events. Our classification results show that an increase in seismic activity, particularly volcanic tremors, occurred during high eruptive activity and is well matched with the events that are routinely determined by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) based on visual examination of the data. We discuss the volcanic activities by combining our classification results with those from detections and location methods based on seismic correlation. Most of the source locations of volcanic tremor and B-type earthquakes are distributed at the same region with depths of less than 4 km beneath the active craters, which are almost consistent with the source locations of explosion earthquakes and B-type earthquakes determined from P-wave onsets in the previous studies. Also, the distribution of horizontal locations is spatially elongated at shallow depths above a dyke that is inferred to extend from Aira caldera at a depth of 7–9 km. We obtain deep and shallow sources for the tremor that occurred before and after an explosive eruption, respectively. We also obtain shallow sources beneath the active crater during a continuous tremor that accompanies increasing eruptive activity. The source locations of the classified volcanic tremor and B-type earthquakes may represent the movement of magma and gas from the shallow magma chamber at 5 km depth to the active craters.
Diffusion delay centrality: decelerating diffusion processes across networks
Authors: Leone Sciabolazza Valerio , Riccetti Luca
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a new measure (the diffusion delay centrality—DDC) to identify agents who should be put into isolation to decelerate a diffusion process spreading throughout a network. We show that DDC assigns a high rank to agents acting as the gatekeepers of the fringe of the network. We also show that the ranking of nodes obtained from the DDC is predicted by the difference in the values of betweenness and eigenvector centrality of network agents. The findings presented might constitute a useful tool to reduce diffusion processes both for policy makers and for corporate managers in the organization of production.
Traffic control hand signal recognition using convolution and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Baek Taeseung , Lee Yong-Gu
Published: December 2021

Gesture understanding is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision. Among them, traffic hand signal recognition requires the consideration of speed and the validity of the commanding signal. The lack of available datasets is also a serious problem. Most classifiers approach these problems using the skeletons of target actors in an image. Extracting the three-dimensional coordinates of skeletons is simplified when depth information accompanies the images. However, depth cameras cost significantly more than RGB cameras. Furthermore, the extraction of the skeleton needs to be performed in prior. Here, we show a hand signal detection algorithm without skeletons. Instead of skeletons, we use simple object detectors trained to acquire hand directions. The variance in the time length of gestures mixed with random pauses and noise is handled with a recurrent neural network (RNN). Furthermore, we have developed a flag sequence algorithm to assess the validity of the commanding signal. In whole, the computed hand directions are sent to the RNN, which identifies six types of hand signals given by traffic controllers with the ability to distinguish time variations and intermittent randomly appearing noises. We constructed a hand signal dataset composed of 100 thousand RGB images that is made publicly available. We achieved correct recognition of the hand signals with various backgrounds at 91% accuracy. A processing speed of 30 FPS in FHD video streams, which is a 52% improvement over the best among previous works, was achieved. Despite the extra burden of deciding the validity of the hand signals, this method surpasses methods that solely use RGB video streams. Our work is capable of performing with nonstationary viewpoints, such as those taken from moving vehicles. To accomplish this goal, we set a higher priority for the speed and validity assessment of the recognized commanding signals. The collected dataset is made publicly available through the Korean government portal under the URL “data.go.kr/data/15075814/fileData.do.”
Posttraumatic Growth in Youth, Young Adults, and Caregivers Who Experienced Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Triplett Kelli N , Mayersohn Gillian S , Masood Saba S , Pickwith Kristine , Mbroh Hayden , Killian Michael
Published: December 2021

Objective

To explore posttraumatic growth (PTG) in pediatric patients who have undergone solid organ transplant (SOT) and their caregivers, and to examine potential correlates of PTG.

Method

Youth and young adults with a history of SOT (heart, kidney, liver) at least 1 month prior to participation and caregivers completed measures of PTG, demographic, and medical factors. In total, 59 youth (M = 12.68 years, SD = 1.91), 21 young adults (M = 19.37, SD = 0.82), and 95 caregivers (M = 37.95 years, SD = 9.37) participated.

Results

Overall, 67% of youth, 76% of young adults, and 89% of caregivers reported PTG within the medium to very high range. Appreciation of Life was the highest PTG subscale across all groups. Youth and caregiver PTG scores were significantly positively correlated. Religious affiliation and religious coping were positively associated with PTG for caregivers, and the relationship yielded large effect sizes for young adults. Caregivers of children with kidney transplants endorsed lower PTG than other organ types and caregivers of children who had an acute medical condition endorsed greater PTG than caregivers of children who had chronic illness.

Conclusion

Findings suggest the pediatric SOT experience can yield positive changes such as a greater appreciation of life. Although small sample sizes may have led to reduced power for detecting significant findings for some analyses, results suggest religious, medical, and parent–child relationship factors are likely related to PTG in pediatric SOT and warrant future investigation.
The Complete Local-Volume Groups Sample – IV. Star formation and gas content in group-dominant galaxies
Authors: Kolokythas Konstantinos , Vaddi Sravani , O’Sullivan Ewan , Loubser Ilani , Babul Arif , Raychaudhury Somak , Lagos Patricio , Jarrett Thomas H
Published: December 2021

Using multiband data, we examine the star formation activity of the nearby group-dominant early-type galaxies of the Complete Local-volume Groups Sample (CLoGS) and the relation between star formation, gas content, and local environment. Only a small fraction of the galaxies (13 per cent; 6/47) are found to be far-ultraviolet (FUV) bright, with FUV to near-infrared colours indicative of recent active star formation (NGC 252, NGC 924, NGC 940, NGC 1106, NGC 7252, and ESO 507-25). These systems are lenticulars presenting the highest FUV-specific star formation rates in the sample (sSFRFUV > 5 × 1013 yr−1), significant cold gas reservoirs [M(H2) = 0.5-61 × 108 M⊙], reside in X-ray faint groups, and none hosts a powerful radio active galactic nucleus (AGN) (P$_{1.4\mathrm{ GHz}}\, \lt 10^{23}$ W Hz−1). The majority of the group-dominant galaxies (87 per cent; 41/47) are FUV faint, with no significant star formation, classified in most cases as spheroids based on their position on the infrared star-forming main sequence (87 per cent; 46/53). Examining the relationships between radio power, SFRFUV, and stellar mass, we find a lack of correlation that suggests a combination of origins for the cool gas in these galaxies, including stellar mass loss, cooling from the intra-group medium (IGrM) or galaxy halo, and acquisition through mergers or tidal interactions. X-ray bright systems, in addition to hosting radio powerful AGN, have a range of SFRs but, with the exception of NGC 315, do not rise to the highest rates seen in the FUV bright systems. We suggest that central group galaxy evolution is linked to gas mass availability, with star formation favoured in the absence of a group-scale X-ray halo, but AGN jet launching is more likely in systems with a cooling IGrM.
TOI-530b: a giant planet transiting an M-dwarf detected by TESS
Authors: Gan Tianjun , Lin Zitao , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Mao Shude , Fouqué Pascal , Fan Jiahao , Bedell Megan , Stassun Keivan G , Giacalone Steven , Fukui Akihiko , Murgas Felipe , Ciardi David R , Howell Steve B , Collins Karen A , Shporer Avi , Arnold Luc , Barclay Thomas , Charbonneau David , Christiansen Jessie , Crossfield Ian J M , Dressing Courtney D , Elliott Ashley , Esparza-Borges Emma , Evans Phil , Gnilka Crystal L , Gonzales Erica J , Howard Andrew W , Isogai Keisuke , Kawauchi Kiyoe , Kurita Seiya , Liu Beibei , Livingston John H , Matson Rachel A , Narita Norio , Palle Enric , Parviainen Hannu , Rackham Benjamin V , Rodriguez David R , Rose Mark , Rudat Alexander , Schlieder Joshua E , Scott Nicholas J , Vezie Michael , Ricker George R , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N , Jenkins Jon M
Published: December 2021

We report the discovery of TOI-530b, a transiting Saturn-like planet around an M0.5V dwarf, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located at a distance of 147.7 ± 0.6 pc with a radius of R* = 0.54 ± 0.03 R⊙ and a mass of M* = 0.53 ± 0.02 M⊙. We verify the planetary nature of the transit signals by combining ground-based multiwavelength photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy from SPIRou as well as high-angular-resolution imaging. With V = 15.4 mag, TOI-530b is orbiting one of the faintest stars accessible by ground-based spectroscopy. Our model reveals that TOI-530b has a radius of 0.83 ± 0.05 RJ and a mass of 0.37 ± 0.08 MJ on a 6.39-d orbit. TOI-530b is the sixth transiting giant planet hosted by an M-type star, which is predicted to be infrequent according to core accretion theory, making it a valuable object to further study the formation and migration history of similar planets. Furthermore, we identify a potential dearth of hot massive giant planets around M-dwarfs with separation distance smaller than 0.1 au and planet-to-star mass ratio between 2 × 10−3 and 10−2. We also find a possible correlation between hot giant planet formation and the metallicity of its parent M-dwarf. We discuss the potential formation channel of such systems.
Unhoused Persons: Perspectives on Perceived Benefits of Music Therapy
Authors: Lahue Katie
Published: December 2021

There is limited literature to support the use of music therapy with unhoused persons and more research is needed to deepen the understanding of music therapy with this population. This researcher aimed to gather information from music therapists who work with unhoused persons to gain more perspective on the perceived benefits of the music therapy treatment process. Three music therapists were interviewed; interviews were then transcribed and coded to find themes regarding perceived benefits of music therapy with unhoused persons. The four themes derived from the data were increased resilience factors, facilitating connections, creating a safe space, and increased expression. Findings support music therapy attending to many levels of human need for unhoused individuals. These findings can be used as recommendation for practice and program development for the use of music therapy with unhoused persons and also point to a need for more research to understand the benefits of specific music therapy techniques and treatment methods with unhoused persons and subgroups of the unhoused community.
Vorinostat and isotretinoin with chemotherapy in young children with embryonal brain tumors: A report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC-026)
Authors: Leary Sarah E S , Kilburn Lindsay , Geyer J Russell , Kocak Mehmet , Huang Jie , Smith Kyle S , Hadley Jennifer , Ermoian Ralph , MacDonald Tobey J , Goldman Stewart , Phillips Peter , Young Poussaint Tina , Olson James M , Ellison David W , Dunkel Ira J , Fouladi Maryam , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Northcott Paul A
Published: December 2021

Background

Embryonal tumors of the CNS are the most common malignant tumors occurring in the first years of life. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of incorporating novel non-cytotoxic therapy with vorinostat and isotretinoin to an intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy backbone.

Methods

PBTC-026 was a prospective multi-institutional clinical trial for children <48 months of age with newly diagnosed embryonal tumors of the CNS. Treatment included three 21-day cycles of induction therapy with vorinostat and isotretinoin, cisplatin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide; three 28-day cycles of consolidation therapy with carboplatin and thiotepa followed by stem cell rescue; and twelve 28-day cycles of maintenance therapy with vorinostat and isotretinoin. Patients with M0 medulloblastoma (MB) received focal radiation following consolidation therapy. Molecular classification was by DNA methylation array.

Results

Thirty-one patients with median age of 26 months (range 6-46) received treatment on study; 19 (61%) were male. Diagnosis was MB in 20 and supratentorial CNS embryonal tumor in 11. 24/31 patients completed induction therapy within a pre-specified feasibility window of 98 days. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all 31 patients were 55 ± 15 and 61 ± 13, respectively. Five-year PFS was 42 ± 13 for group 3 MB (n = 12); 80 ± 25 for SHH MB (n = 5); 33 ± 19 for embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR, n = 6).

Conclusion

It was safe and feasible to incorporate vorinostat and isotretinoin into an intensive chemotherapy regimen. Further study to define efficacy in this high-risk group of patients is warranted.