bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydromorphone Detected in Bile Following Hydrocodone Ingestion
Authors: Park JI , Nakamura GR , Griesemer EC , Noguchi TT
Published: August 2015

Two similar cases are reported here in which Tussionex® a preparation containing hydrocodone and phenyltoloxamine, caused or contributed to death. Toxicological analyses revealed a high concentration ratio of hydromorphone to hydrocodone in the bile in both cases. It is postulated that the finding of hydromorphone is due to the metabolism of hydrocodone.
Interpretation of Gm Testing Results: Two Case Histories
Authors: Shaler RC
Published: August 2015

Two cases in which bloodstains and seminal stain evidence were important were subjected to the identification of Gm antigenic determinants. In the first case, the identification of the seminal stain showed the absence of Gm 1 and 12 determinants and the presence of Gm 4. The interpretation of these results would on the surface suggest that the seminal evidence came from one of two suspects. However, since the absence of Gm 12, which occurs on the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 3 subclass, was not confirmed by the demonstration of another IgG 3 subclass Gm antigenic determinant this result was inconclusive. In the second case, bloodstain and seminal fluid evidence showed that seminal fluid identified on the victim's nightgown had Gm antigenic determinants consistent with those of the suspect and also that blood on the suspect's underpants had Gm antigenic determinants consistent with the deceased's blood. The results of these two cases are interpreted with regard to the Gm results obtained.
Rapid Microscopic Identification of Synthetic Fibers in a Single Liquid Mount
Authors: Fong W
Published: August 2015

Most natural fibers are either cellulosic or proteinaceous and can be identified readily by unique morphological features. Synthetic fibers, on the other hand, vary only slightly in shape characteristics. They can, however, because of great compositional differences, be distinguished by their refractive indices, which can often be determined by dispersion staining. A simple scheme is proposed using this technique on fibers mounted in Cargille high-dispersion liquid (index of refraction for 25¼ and sodium light equal to 1.525).
Analysis of Fatalities from Acute Narcotism in a Major Urban Area
Authors: Hine CH , Wright JA , Allison DJ , Stephens BG , Pasi A
Published: August 2015

The incidence of acute, fatal narcotism in San Francisco was determined to be 3.2% of all deaths (10 882) subject to medical examiner's inquiry in a five-year period. Heroin was responsible for the greatest number of these cases, usually accompanied by alcohol or other abused drugs. The median concentration of the heroin metabolite, morphine, in the blood in fatal cases was 20 /¼g/dL. Death from propoxyphene, the second most frequently encountered narcotic, was generally determined to be suicidal, while death from heroin was judged to be accidental. The highest rate occurred in black males between the ages of 21 and 30 years. The three most consistent findings were positive identification of the drug in the body (100% of the cases), pulmonary edema (90.4% of the cases), and microscopic liver changes (71.1% of the cases).
Determination of Sex of White Femora by Discriminant Function Analysis: Forensic Science Applications
Authors: Taylor JV , DiBennardo R
Published: August 2015

Stepwise multiple discriminant function analysis is used to establish classification functions for sex assessment of North American white femora. The functions correctly assign sex for 82% of a sample consisting of 85 femora of verified age, sex, and race, and for a similarly verified test sample of 30. The objectives are to provide criteria for sexing poorly preserved and fragmentary unknown specimens and a statement of the probable accuracy of such assessments in individual cases. The application of the method to forensic casework is illustrated by a sample case.
Spontaneous Live Birth with a Maternal History of Intravenous Use of Pentazocine and Tripelennamine (T's and Blues)
Authors: Schaffer MI , Lin R-L , Wu Chen NB , Trojan C , Teas S , Stein RJ
Published: August 2015

A 24-year-old black female presented a live birth of six-months gestation. The 700-g neonate survived for 11 h. After toxicology revealed the presence of pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and Blues), the mother admitted to using this combination intravenously 9 h previous to admission. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine were simultaneously determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with nitrogen selective detection. Analyses were performed on a 3% OV-101 column, with the added internal standard, dexbrompheniramine. Both pentazocine and tripelennamine were qualitatively confirmed by their electron impact mass spectra. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine in various fluids and tissues were determined.
Laceration of the Stomach by Blunt Trauma in a Child: A Case of Child Abuse
Authors: Case MES , Nanduri R
Published: August 2015

A case of perforation of the stomach following blunt abdominal trauma is described in a two-year-old boy. The abdominal trauma was the result of a blow to the abdomen by the stepfather. The child had ingested a large meal in the hour preceding the injury. The child died from peritonitis and shock 12 h following the injury. The literature on gastric perforation by blunt trauma is reviewed. Injuries to the stomach from nonpenetrating trauma are quite rare and are most often related to vehicular accidents. Gastric injury in a child presenting with a history of a minor home or play injury should arouse suspicion of more significant and perhaps intentional trauma.
The Quantitation of Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Sottolano SM , Lurie IS
Published: August 2015

A method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an acetonitrile, water, and phosphoric acid mobile phase and a bonded cyano-amino-type polar phase column has been developed for the rapid, selective, and accurate quantitation of psilocybin in dry mushroom material. A simple one-step procedure is used for the quantitative extraction of psilocybin in under 60 min. The 267:254 nm absorbance ratio is used as a check on peak purity for the psilocybin response.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Measurement of Total and Specific Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Authors: Mirchandani HG , Mirchandani IH , House D
Published: August 2015

Postmortem evaluation of total and specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody levels by the paper radio immuno sorbent test (PRIST) and radio allergo sorbent test (RAST), respectively, revealed that there was no significant elevations in total circulating IgE or in specific IgE antibodies to house dust, Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite), Alterarnia tenuis (mold), or milk proteins for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims when compared to a control group.
A Computer-Assisted Population Frequency Study of 14 Polymorphic Blood Grouping Systems in North Carolina
Authors: Nelson MS
Published: August 2015

Results of a population frequency study conducted on 14 polymorphic blood grouping systems in the North Carolina white and black populations are reported. A microcomputer program has been developed to facilitate the handling and storage of the large volume of data generated during the two years it took to complete this study. This computer program was also designed to calculate the combined phenotypic frequency for a given set of blood types.
High-Speed Extraction of Accelerants from Arson Debris
Authors: Higgins KM , Higgins MK , Oakes CL , Braverman SF
Published: August 2015

Since the early 1960s, gas chromatography has been used as a means of determining the presence of hydrocarbons in fire residues. Recently, the sensitivity of headspace analysis of the vapors over samples which are contained in metal paint cans and heated to 90°C in a conventional oven has been improved with the use of a charcoal-adsorption tube fitted to a vacuum system. However, the use of paint cans for the collection of samples in the field by the investigator has caused both numerous transportation and storage problems and the loss of valuable laboratory time, which varies from 1 to 3 h, in the analysis of these samples. This paper discusses the replacement of the conventional, convection oven with the microwave oven for sample heating and thereby also the replacement of metal paint cans with polyester bags for sample storage and collection in order to effect minimal laboratory analysis time and to increase the subsequent sensitivity of the accelerant vapor collection.
A Fire Investigation Involving Combustion of Carpet Material
Authors: Howard J , Bruce McKague A
Published: August 2015

Headspace samples taken from a charred carpet recovered from a fire site and from pyrolyzed styrene-butadiene copolymer were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that all volatile components associated with the carpet samples could be accounted for by pyrolysis of styrene-butadiene rubber used in either foam underlays or latex carpet backing adhesives. No evidence for arson was found.
Symmetrical Hypopigmentation of the Nipples Secondary to Trauma
Authors: Rao VJ , Penneys NS
Published: August 2015

Deviant sexual behavior may lead to unusual skin lesions. The following is a case report of unusual trauma-related, symmetrical lesions of the nipples in a male homosexual from repeated application of bondage apparatus to his areolae and nipples.
The Role of the Forensic Scientist in the Application of Chemical Tests for Alcohol in Traffic Law Enforcement
Authors: Biasotti AA
Published: August 2015

The role and ethical responsibilities of the forensic scientist are reviewed. The context of this discussion includes the application and support of chemical tests for alcohol statutes in the United States adversary system of justice. The goal of this review is to stimulate awareness among the various participants (that is, scientist, prosecutor, defense counsel, judges, and law enforcement officials) in traffic law enforcement situations. Their mutual understanding and cooperation is essential to the effective and efficient use of chemical test procedures. The relative scientific weight that should be given to blood, breath, and urine tests for alcohol is presented.
Fraudulent Transposition of Original Signatures by Office Machine Copiers
Authors: Carney BB
Published: August 2015

This study explores the transposition and subsequent manipulation of genuine pencil and ballpoint pen signatures by using office machine copiers.
Casting, Another Means of Identification
Authors: McGraw AC
Published: August 2015

Casting with plaster and silicone is an invaluable tool in identifying victims as well as perpetrators of a crime. Plaster is used for making foot, shoe, and tire impressions. It is excellent for casting bite marks and wounds. Plaster is ideal for making positive impressions of the fingers and palms of deceased persons who are so badly decomposed that inked impressions cannot be made. Silicone is used for casting toolmarks, and to make negative impressions of fingers and palms of deceased persons. It is also outstanding for lifting latent prints from doorknobs, bottle-necks, and other odd shaped items where it would be impossible to use tape without wrinkling, thereby, destroying the print.
A Video System for the Visualization of Gunpowder Patterns
Authors: Åbrink Å , Andersson C , Maehly AC
Published: August 2015

A nondestructive procedure for the visualization of gunpowder patterns on dark garments by the use of an infrared sensitive video system is described.
Stomach Rupture by Infusion Pump and Foley Catheter
Authors: Donoghue ER , Lifschultz BD
Published: August 2015

A nine-month-old girl who had successfully undergone surgery for esophageal atresia sustained a rupture of the stomach when an infusion pump was inadvertently connected to the balloon port of a Foley catheter being used as a gastrostomy tube. A strong similarity in appearance and feel of the balloon port and the drainage port of the catheter was created when a clear plastic adapter was inserted in the drainage port for connection of the pump tubing. Other factors contributing to the accident were poor lighting at the time of the connection, failure of the infusion pump occlusion alarm to activate at pressures low enough to prevent injury, and the reduced size of the child's stomach following surgery.
Toxicologic Studies in a Fatal Overdose of 2,4-D, Mecoprop, and Dicamba
Authors: Fraser AD , Isner AF , Perry RA
Published: August 2015

A suicidal poisoning committed by a 61-year-old woman, who ingested an unknown quantity of Killex®, containing in aqueous solution 100 g/L of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 50 g/L of mecoprop, and 9 g/L of dicamba as amine salts is described. Quantitation of chlorophenoxy acids was performed by extraction from an acidified mixture and concentration before high performance liquid chromatography analysis. All three herbicides were separated in a phosphate buffer/acetonitrile mixture at 280 nm on a RP-8 column. Concentrations of herbicides found were: in blood—520-mg/L 2,4-D, 530-mg/L mecoprop, and 170-mg/L dicamba; in urine—670-mg/L 2,4-D and 520-mg/L mecoprop; in bile—340-mg/L 2,4-D, 530-mg/L mecoprop, and 140-mg/L dicamba; and in liver—540-mg/Kg 2,4-D, 500-mg/Kg mecoprop, and < 100-mg/Kg dicamba. Liquid chromatography was found to be a reliable method for herbicide quantitation in biological tissues and fluids. The technique offered definite advantages over ultraviolet spectrophotometry and avoids the derivatization requirement for gas chromatography.
A Review of Ethics, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology
Authors: Wiecking DK
Published: August 2015

Ethics, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology is as its inclusive title indicates an attempt to incorporate in one small volume of 279 pages all that most any physician would want to know about medical jurisprudence and forensic pathology in the Common Law countries, particularly Australia. The author has taken his lectures from medical school and woven them together in a relatively inclusive text which should be of great value to senior medical students, house officers, and young general practitioners.
The Incident at Tuol Chrey: Pathologic and Toxicologic Examinations of a Casualty After Chemical Attack
Authors: Stahl CJ , Green CC , Farnum JB
Published: August 2015

The results of the pathologic and toxicologic examinations of specimens from a casualty who died several weeks after a chemical attack in Kampuchea are discussed. While the effects of tricothecene mycotoxins have been described in domestic and experimental animals, there is a paucity of information about the pathologic effects of these toxins in humans. The possible effects of endemic diseases such as falciparum malaria, viral hepatitis, and nutritional deficiencies. as well as of the sudden, unexpected death syndrome among refugees from Southeast Asia, have been reviewed. If the results of the histologic examinations in this case are considered alone, it is not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship. However, the circumstances of injury, the relationship of pathologic findings to the studies of experimental animals, and the results of the toxicologic examinations of environmental and biologic specimens indicate that the combinations of tricothecene mycotoxins detected are not consistent with natural occurrence and provide evidence that the pathologic effects are related to a toxic agent.
Use of Bacillus subtilis var. aterrimus in a New Method of Tagging
Authors: Davidson LS , Best WS , Oliver JD
Published: August 2015

This study describes a new method of tagging in which a nonpathogenic, black pigmented bacterium. Bucillus subtilis var. aterrimus, is employed as the tagging agent. Articles composed of various materials, including paper, glass, metal, and plastic, were sprayed with cell suspensions of the bacterium. Detection of the tagging agent was accomplished through recovery of black pigmented bacterial colonies from tagged articles. This procedure has advantages over conventional tagging methods in that the bacteria are not visible after application and are easily detected without special equipment. The procedure is inexpensive to perform and does not require specially trained personnel.
Mechanical Failure of a Mitral Valve Prosthesis: An Unusual Case of Sudden Unexpected Death
Authors: Clark MA
Published: August 2015

Sudden unexpected death caused by the failure of a cardiac valve prosthesis is a rare occurrence. A 45-year-old female suddenly died three years following mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis. At autopsy, death was determined to be due to a metallic fatigue of the mitral valve prosthesis.
Deaths as a Result of a Combination of Codeine and Glutethimide
Authors: Havier RG , Lin R-l
Published: August 2015

Toxicological findings are described in 16 medical examiner cases directly related to the combination of codeine and glutethimide. The cases described represent a six-month period, July through December 1982, showing the epidemic rate of abuse of this drug combination, most prominent in the Newark, NJ area since the late 1970s. Concentrations of codeine and glutethimide, measured by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), in the blood averaged 0.62 and 4.07 mg/L, respectively. Similarly determined urine concentrations averaged 38.06 and 12.68 mg/L, respectively. Specific concentrations of each drug in most cases were in the high therapeutic range, suggesting a possible toxic synergistic effect.
Application of Dynamic Headspace Analysis to Laboratory and Field Arson Investigations
Authors: Saferstein R , Park SA
Published: August 2015

A dynamic headspace procedure has been adopted to meet the special needs of the forensic scientist engaged in detecting and identifying trace accelerants present in physical evidence recovered from fire scenes. For common accelerants, sorbent trap concentration followed by thermal desorption directly onto a gas chromatographic column enhanced sensitivity by two orders in a magnitude over a static headspace technique. The procedure reduced negative findings 38% and inconclusive determinations 60% relative to static headspace analysis. Air at fire scenes can be drawn through a trap with a portable pump to allow monitoring for trace amounts of organic substances. The trap is then forwarded to the laboratory for analysis. Special precautions in sampling methods, transportation, and storage will be discussed as they relate to assuring the integrity of the collection and analysis of a fire scene atmosphere.
Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatographic Examination of Paints
Authors: Cardosi PJ
Published: August 2015

A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic technique for comparing paint samples is described. The problems encountered in switching to new equipment are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages are compared.
The Use of Mammographic Equipment in Mass Disaster Identification
Authors: Messmer JM
Published: August 2015

Because of its suitability for fine detail radiography, mammographic X-ray film and equipment was found to be well suited to identifying human remains through dental radiography.
A Review of The Analysis of Explosives
Authors: Washington WD , Brunelle RL
Published: August 2015

The authors present a monograph to serve as a reference book for chemists in analytical and forensic science laboratories and as a textbook for graduate students studying analytical chemistry and the forensic sciences. This text is truly needed and welcomed by explosives chemists, especially those who work in the forensic sciences. While the book is partially intended as a text for graduate students, the reviewers believe that junior and senior level undergraduate students could also benefit significantly from the subject material. Overall, the theory, subject matter, references, and discussion of methods and instrumental techniques are comprehensive and well presented and should be easily understood by advanced forensic and graduate chemistry students.
Misclassification Probability of Dental Discrimination Functions for Sex Determination
Authors: Owsley DW , Webb RS
Published: August 2015

Misclassification probability of dental discriminant functions for sexing American whites was evaluated using three verification procedures. These validation techniques involved sample resubstitution, jackknife classification, and use of a holdout sample. Resulting discriminant score distributions yielded correct classifications ranging between 65 and 81% depending upon the particular tooth combinations selected. Dental discriminant functions are applicable to forensic science cases if used with caution.
Hamlet
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Alves
Published: August 2015

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Os sentidos - Visão
Authors: Medeiros Sérgio Coelho de
Published: August 2015

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Acontecimento de família
Authors: Werneck Humberto
Published: August 2015

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Ilações sobre perspicácia
Authors: Santos Celi Márcio Silva
Published: August 2015

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Creencias sobre la relación familia-escuela. Cambios en el futuro profesorado tras recibir formación específica || Beliefs about family-school relationships. Changes in pre-service teachers after receiving specific training
Authors: Vázquez Cristina , López-Larrosa Silvia
Published: August 2015

Las creencias sobre la relación familia-escuela de los docentes varían en un continuo según el papel atribuido a padres y docentes, y el poder que tienen unos y otros. Los futuros docentes también tienen creencias sobre esta relación y su competencia para desarrollarla. En este trabajo participaron dos grupos de futuros docentes, alumnos de segundo curso. Un grupo recibió formación específica sobre la relación familia-escuela y su mejora (116 alumnos del grado de Educación Infantil, que constituyen el grupo experimental, GE). El otro grupo no recibió dicha formación (92 alumnos del grado de Educación Primaria, que constituyen el grupo control, GC).Se elaboró el Cuestionario de creencias sobre las relaciones familia-escuela (CCR) y se aplicó antes y después del entrenamiento del GE. Los resultados indican que los alumnos del GE incrementaron sus creencias sobre la colaboración familia-escuela en el post-test y redujeron las creencias sobre la subordinación y dejación de los padres y sobre la autoridad de los docentes. Los alumnos del GC mantuvieron sus creencias, significativamente más basadas en la autoridad de los profesores y la subordinación y dejación de los padres con respecto al GE. La competencia percibida para relacionarse con las familias no cambió significativamente en ambos grupos. No obstante, se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre las creencias y la competencia percibida, que evidencian la importancia de trabajar con los futuros docentes  las creencias basadas en la colaboración familia-escuela.
QUANDO O BRINCAR TEM HORA E LUGAR: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O USO DO PARQUE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Mesomo Lira Aliandra Cristina , Kopczynski Josiane Aparecida
Published: August 2015

O objetivo do artigo é problematizar o uso do parque nas instituições de educação infantil, refletindo sobre o papel do brincar na formação das crianças. A reflexão é resultado de pesquisa que buscou identificar como estava organizado o parque de uma instituição de educação infantil e quando ele era utilizado pelas crianças, bem como quais brincadeiras eram vivenciadas por elas nesse espaço. Foi possível reconhecer que o uso do parque faz parte de um cotidiano extremamente dirigido e controlado pelo adulto, desde a disposição dos brinquedos até a existência dos horários de parque nas rotinas das turmas.

Palavras-chave: Infância. Brincadeiras. Parque. Disciplinamento.
ESTUDO DA ADAPTAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA E DAS CAPACIDADES ESTRATÉGICAS DE UMA EMPRESA DE PAPEL E PAPELÃO ONDULADO / Study of the strategic adaptation and the strategic capabilities of a paper and corrugated company
Authors: Bez Batti Dias Almerinda Tereza Bianca , Cassol Alessandra , Tonial Graciele , Rossetto Carlos Ricardo
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender os períodos de adaptação estratégica da empresa Celulose Irani S.A entre 1994 a 2012 e correlacioná-los com as capacidades estratégicas apresentadas no modelo de Desarbo et al. (2005). Adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa, à luz do paradigma interpretativista. Utilizou-se o método estudo de caso descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental e de campo sendo aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os períodos de adaptação estratégica foram analisados por meio das três dimensões estratégicas da metodologia de Pettigrew (1985) – contexto, conteúdo e processo. Como principais resultados, foram identificados três períodos estratégicos: I – Gestão voltada para a produção em que o foco era o aumento da produção,; II – Gestão planejada de crescimento sustentável e desenvolvimento de pessoas, priorizando atividades que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento de competências para uma produção sustentável e inovadora; III - Foco no core business e expansão estratégica, pois tem como Visão de Futuro estar entre as três maiores do Brasil nos segmentos em que atua.

Palavras-chave: Adaptação Estratégica. Mudança Estratégica. Capacidade Estratégica.
CUSTOS DA ROTATIVIDADE DE PESSOAL: EVIDÊNCIAS NO SETOR DE SUPERMERCADOS / Costs of staff turnover: evidence in the supermarket sector
Authors: Zardin Patias Tiago , Wittmann Milton Luiz , Bigolin Liszbinski Bianca , Soares Balestreri Aline , Furlan da Costa Camila
Published: August 2015

A rotatividade de funcionários é um desafio significativo para as organizações, pois reflete nas estratégias e no desempenho organizacional. Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre rotatividade no setor de supermercados, com foco especial nos custos resultantes desse processo. Com base na literatura sobre rotatividade e dados atualizados sobre o tema, um estudo de caso foi desenvolvido em uma empresa familiar do segmento supermercadista de Santana do Livramento, RS. Todos os dados referentes à rotatividade ao longo de um ano foram coletados, complementados com entrevistas e observação direta, possibilitando fornecer um panorama sobre o tema. A pesquisa demonstra que os principais custos da rotatividade estão atrelados aos processos de desligamento, reposição e treinamento dos novos colaboradores. A pesquisa confirma o que aponta o panorama nacional de um elevado índice de rotatividade, o qual contribuiu para a incidência de altos custos, indicando a necessidade de planejar ações empresariais, como o aperfeiçoamento do processo de recrutamento e seleção, recepção, acompanhamento e treinamento dos colaboradores. Por fim, o estudo aponta para a necessidade de mensuração dos custos intangíveis da rotatividade, além do desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o tema, com foco nas causas desse fenômeno.

Palavras-chave: Rotatividade de pessoal. Recursos humanos. Custos.
Preparation of 6N grade silicon ingot by combined purification processes from waste silicon cutting sludge
Authors: Oh Jung-Min , Kim Hyekyoung , Chang Hankwon , Lee Back-Kyu , Jang Hee Dong , Lim Jae-Won
Published: August 2015

This study is aimed at fabricating ultrahigh-purity silicon ingots from silicon cutting sludge – a byproduct of the ingot for solar cells cutting process. Firstly, silicon powder from the silicon cutting sludge was recovered by 1st purification, such as ultrasonication, centrifugation, and acid treatment before preparation of the silicon ingots. After the 1st purification, the silicon cutting sludge yielded silicon powder with a purity of 99.7612 %. The 1st-purified silicon powder was subjected to 2nd purification – 3 cycles hydrogen plasma arc melting (HPAM), resulting in ultrahigh-purity silicon ingot with a purity of 99.9999 %. HPAM has been verified to be an effective process for removal of B and P – the major impurities of silicon for semiconductors and solar cells – to levels of total ≤ 0.3 ppm.
Piezo-absorbing effect of microwave absorbing composites with carbonyl iron particles as the filler
Authors: Zhang Chengmao , Liu Ting , Xu Yonggang
Published: August 2015

A new piezo-absorbing composite was fabricated with silicone rubber and spherical or flaky carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The complex permittivity and permeability of the composites, under variable compressive strain, were measured using a vector network analyzer in the frequency of 2–18 GHz and the reflection loss (RL) calculated to test the piezo-absorbing effect. The results show that, under compressive strain, the complex permittivity decreased slightly because of the breakdown of the original conductive network, whereas the complex permeability increased, but the enhancement mechanism was different. In the case of spherical CIPs/rubber composite, this was caused by the surface effect of the absorbents, and in the case of flaky CIPs/rubber composite by the orientation of the flaky particles. As the compressive strain was applied, the RL value and the absorbing band changed slightly with thickness of 1 mm or 2 mm. As the applied strains decreased the thickness of the composites, the absorption band (RL < −10 dB) broadened and the minimum RL decreased.
Treatment of Regional Metastatic Melanoma of Unknown Primary Origin
Authors: Van Beek Elke , Balm Alfons , Nieweg Omgo , Hamming-Vrieze Olga , Lohuis Peter , Klop W. Martin
Published: August 2015

(1) Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the recurrence and survival rates of metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin (MUP), in order to further refine current recommendations for the surgical treatment; (2) Methods: Medical data of all MUP patients registered between 2000 and 2011, were analyzed. Seventy-eight patients were categorized in either lymph node (axilla, groin, head-and neck) or subcutaneous MUP. Axillary node MUPs were generally treated with dissections of levels I-III, inguinal node MUPs with combined superficial and deep groin dissections, and head-and-neck node MUPs with neck dissections to various extents, based on lymph drainage patterns. Subcutaneous lesions were excised with 1–2 cm margins. The primary outcome was treatment outcomes in terms of (loco)regional recurrence and survival rates; (3) Results: Lymph node MUP recurred regionally in 11% of patients, with an overall recurrence rate of 45%. In contrast, subcutaneous MUP recurred locally in 65% of patients with an overall recurrence rate of 78%. This latter group had a significantly shorter disease-free interval than patients with lymph node MUP (p = 0.000). In the entire study population, 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 56% and 47% respectively, with no differences observed between the various subgroups; (4) Conclusion: The relatively low regional recurrence rate after regional lymph node dissection (11%) supports its current status as standard surgical treatment for lymph node MUP. Subcutaneous MUP, on the contrary, appears to recur both locally (65%) and overall (78%) at a significantly higher rate, suggesting a different biological behavior. However, wide local excision remains the best available option for this specific group.
Changes of the Cytoplasmic Proteome in Response to Alcoholic Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Kim Dong , Lee Eun-Mi , Do Sun-Hee , Jeong Da-Hee , Jeong Kyu-Shik
Published: August 2015

Proteomic analyses have already been used in a number of hepatological studies and provide important information. However, few reports have focused on changes in the cytoplasmic proteome. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate changes in cytoplasmic proteome of rats in response to alcoholic hepatotoxicity. Rats were fed a Liber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol for four weeks. Cytoplasmic proteins except mitochondrial proteins from the livers of these animals were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Alcohol induced a decrease in body weight gain and an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol, and phospholipid levels. Histopathological observations revealed hepatic damage characterized by necrosis and fatty change in alcohol-treated group at week 2, which continues until week 4. Our proteomic analysis revealed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed in the ethanol-fed group. Of these, 12 cytoplasmic proteins are being reported for the first time. Taken together, our results provide further insights into the disease mechanism and therapeutic information of alcoholic liver disease.
Rheological Analysis of Binary Eutectic Mixture of Sodium and Potassium Nitrate and the Effect of Low Concentration CuO Nanoparticle Addition to Its Viscosity
Authors: Lasfargues Mathieu , Cao Hui , Geng Qiao , Ding Yulong
Published: August 2015

This paper is focused on the characterisation and demonstration of Newtonian behaviour of salt at both high and low shear rate for sodium and potassium nitrate eutectic mixture (60/40) ranging from 250 °C to 500 °C. Analysis of published and experimental data was carried out to correlate all the numbers into one meaningful 4th order polynomial equation. Addition of a low amount of copper oxide nanoparticles to the mixture increased viscosity of 5.0%–18.0% compared to the latter equation.
Bio-Inspired Aquaporinz Containing Double-Skinned Forward Osmosis Membrane Synthesized through Layer-by-Layer Assembly
Authors: Wang Shuzheng , Cai Jin , Ding Wande , Xu Zhinan , Wang Zhining
Published: August 2015

We demonstrated a novel AquaporinZ (AqpZ)-incorporated double-skinned forward osmosis (FO) membrane by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly strategy. Positively charged poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and negatively charged poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were alternately deposited on both the top and bottom surfaces of a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (H-PAN) substrate. Subsequently, an AqpZ-embedded 1,2-dioleloyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium- propane (chloride salt) (DOTAP) supported lipid bilayer (SLB) was formed on PSS-terminated (T-PSS) membrane via vesicle rupture method. The morphology and structure of the biomimetic membranes were characterized by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer using the attenuated total reflection technique (ATR-FTIR), and contact angle. Moreover, the FO performance of the resultant membrane was measured by using 2 M MgCl2 solution as draw solution and deionized (DI) water as feed solution, respectively. The membrane with a protein-to-lipid weight ratio (P/L) of 1/50 exhibits 13.2 L/m2h water flux and 3.2 g/m2h reversed flux by using FO mode, as well as 15.6 L/m2h water flux and 3.4 L/m2h reversed flux for PRO mode (the draw solution is placed against the active layer). It was also shown that the SLB layer of the double-skinned FO membrane can increase the surface hydrophilicity and reduce the surface roughness, which leads to an improved anti-fouling performance against humic acid foulant. The current work introduced a new method of fabricating high performance biomimetic FO membrane by combining AqpZ and a double-skinned structure based on LbL assembly.
Correction: Rana, P., et al. Training Area Concept in a Two-Phase Biomass Inventory Using Airborne Laser Scanning and RapidEye Satellite Data. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 285–309
Authors: Rana Parvez , Tokola Timo , Korhonen Lauri , Xu Qing , Kumpula Timo , Vihervaara Petteri , Mononen Laura
Published: August 2015

Due to an oversight by the authors there is a correction necessary in this publication [1]. We would like to change the word “phase” to “step” throughout the manuscript. We apologize for any inconvenience caused to readers.[...]
Deviant Citizenship: DREAMer Activism in the United States and Transnational Belonging
Authors: Weber-Shirk Joaquina
Published: August 2015

My analysis places the assertions of political presence by non-citizen immigrant youth in the U.S. (often referred to as DREAMers) within a rapidly globalizing world; this placement re-frames the DREAMers’ movement from a fight for U.S. citizenship to a broader critique of the limits and impossibility of liberal democratic citizenship, which claims to be all-inclusive. Increased transnational migration has brought into stark relief the inequality that current frameworks of nation-state citizenship, as a caste-system of rights, have codified. I am interested in the activism of immigrant youth as a place to explore where immigrants themselves are reasserting the right to politics. This reassertion privileges the social embeddedness of family ties and community above the notion of individual choice or individual rationality. In doing so, this articulation of politics is a critique of the liberal order by forcing the consideration of the contexts and structures that create migration, exploitation, and transnational communities of belonging.
A Situation Semantics for Binding out of DP
Authors: Büring Daniel
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Varieties of Indefinites
Authors: Farkas Donka F.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Continuation Semantics of Interrogatives That Accounts for Baker's Ambiguity
Authors: Shan Chung-chieh
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Quasi-Telic Perfective Aspect in Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan)
Authors: Wilhelm Andrea
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Uniform Analysis of 'Before' and 'After'
Authors: Beaver David , Condoravdi Cleo
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
On Concealed Questions
Authors: Romero Maribel
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Closure and Telicity across Categories
Authors: Winter Yoad
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
VP ellipsis without indices
Authors: Hardt Daniel , Asher Nicholas , Hunter Julie
Published: August 2015

This paper compares two views on the status of indices in syntactic and logical representations: on a {\it structural view}, indices are syntactic formants on a par with node labels and phrase bracketings, and are thus a part of the logical forms that are derived from syntactic representations. On the {\it process view}, an index is not a syntactic object at all, but rather, an indication of the output of a resolution process. In this paper we argue that a recent body of data provides a clear empirical basis for distinguishing between these two views of indices. We argue that cases of sloppy VP ellipsis pose insurmountable problems for the structural view of indices, while these problems do not arise for the process view. Furthermore, we show that this resolution process is constrained by the semantics of various discourse relations.
On the Representation of Context
Authors: Stalnaker Robert
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The Definiteness Effect in Attributive Comparatives
Authors: Beil Franz
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Events and Modification in Nominals
Authors: Larson Richard K.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Mixed culture models for predicting intestinal microbial interactions between Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in the presence of probiotic Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Yang J.J. , Niu C.C. , Guo X.H.
Published: August 2015

Bacillus has been proposed as a probiotic due to its in vivo effectiveness in the gastrointestinal tract through antimicrobial activities. The present study investigates the effects of Lactobacillus alone or in the presence of Bacillus subtilis MA139 on the inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia coli K88. Mixed cultures were used to predict the possible interactions among these bacteria within the intestinal tract of animals. B. subtilis MA139 was first assayed for its inhibition against E. coli K88 both under shaking and static culture conditions. A co-culture assay was employed under static conditions to test the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on E. coli K88, with or without addition of B. subtilis MA139. The results showed that B. subtilis MA139 had marked inhibition against E. coli K88 under shaking conditions and weak inhibition under static conditions. Lactobacillus alone as well as in combination with B. subtilis MA139 spores exerted strong inhibition against E. coli K88 under static conditions. However, the inhibition by Lactobacillus in combination with B. subilis spores was much higher than that by Lactobacillus alone (P<0.01). B. subtilis MA139 significantly decreased the pH and oxidation-reduction potential values of the co-culture broth compared to that of Lactobacillus alone (P<0.05). The viability of Lactobacillus increased when co-cultured with B. subtilis MA139 because of significantly higher Lactobacillus counts and lower pH values in the broth (P<0.05). The role of Bacillus in the mixed culture models suggests that Bacillus may produce beneficial effects by increasing the viability of lactobacilli and subsequently inhibiting the growth of pathogenic E. coli. Therefore, the combination of Bacillus and Lactobacillus species as a probiotic is recommended.
Control System for Industrial Robot Equipped with Tool for Advanced Task in Manufacturing
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz
Published: August 2015

A special control system of IRb 60 industrial robots by using PC computer was shown in this work. Robots steering system equipped with the controller connected to computer’s LPT port was made and tested. This interface was connected to a manual control panel of the robot. The system was controlled by special VB 6.0 software. It is possible manual or automated control of robot move. Using this system was made other applications for many tasks of using an industrial robot equipped with tool and sensors in research and manufacturing.
Optimization of Radial Cams with Translating Roller Follower through Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Borboni Alberto
Published: August 2015

In this work, the optimization problem is studied for a planar cam which rotates around its axis and moves a centered translating roller follower. The proposed optimization method is a genetic algorithm. The paper deals with different design problems: the minimization of the pressure angle, the maximization of the radius of curvature and the minimization of the contact pressure. Different types of motion laws are tested to found the most suitable for the computational optimization process.
Cosmic Radiation Detection by Solid State Nuclear Track Detector Technique
Authors: Pálfalvi József , Sajó-Bohus Lászlo
Published: August 2015

Passive Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) have been employed successfully during the past two decades in space radiation studies due to their excellent physico-chemical properties. They are useful for charged particle detection in the linear energy transfer (LET) range above the threshold value of ~10 keV μm-1. It was applicable for measurement of cosmic ray primary and secondary particles, including recoil nuclei, projectile and target fragments and secondary neutrons in past projects such as DOSMAP, BRADOS, ALTCRISS, Matroshka or recently in progress as SPD, DOSIS, as well as, in ground based experiment as Icchiban. The continuous development in the understanding of the track formation mechanism and improvement of detection techniques have resulted in the determination of the cosmic ray LET spectrum with less uncertainties and provided improved assessment of the dose burden of astronauts and helped to increase the effectiveness of radiation shielding of spaceships. Space dosimetry by nuclear track methodology stresses the advantages of passive systems for cosmic radiation field studies due to their robustness, compact dimensions, and complete independence from external power supply. SSNTDs cope also with requirement imposed by portable area monitoring or personal dose integrator to assess radiation risk of astronauts during intra or extra-vehicular activity. This review tries to provide a short summary about fundamentals and applications of space radiation studies using SSNTDs.Contents of Paper
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry: An Introduction
Authors: West William Geoffrey , Kearfott Kimberlee Jane
Published: August 2015

A subset of solid state materials have long been used as integrating dosimeters because they store energy deposited as a result of their interactions with ionizing radiation and then, when stimulated appropriately, release a proportionate amount of visible or near-visible light. During the 1960s, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), for which heat is used to extract the stored dosimetric signal, began to replace the photographic film as occupational dosimeters of record and for medical dosimetry. At the end of the twentieth century, a viable optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) material was developed which is now gaining in popularity as both an occupational and medical dosimeter. This paper reviews the related stored luminescence processes, presenting a simple conceptual model for optical absorption transitions in OSL materials along with a basic mathematical model for delayed luminescence. The approaches for extracting signal from the OSLs are enumerated.
Predictors of referral for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and changes in practice over time
Authors: Gotto Geoffrey T. , Shea-Budgell Melissa , Rose M. Sarah , Ruether J. Dean
Published: August 2015

Introduction: In patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) fit for curative therapy, a multidisciplinary approach consisting is recommended. This approach includes local treatment (usually radical cystectomy), ideally combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Despite a survival benefit with NACT, uptake remains low. We assessed NACT consultation in Alberta and examined associative factors, as well as the relationship to survival.Methods: Patients with MIBC were identified through the Alberta Cancer Registry. Demographic and clinicopathologic information was collected from electronic medical records between 2007 and 2011. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with receiving NACT consultation. Overall survival was described using a Kaplan-Meier estimate.Results: Of the 315 radical cystectomy patients, 140 (45.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 39.5, 50.8) received NACT consultation. Patients ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% CI 0.08, 0.57, p = 0.002) and those treated in Calgary (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05, 0.25, p < 0.001) were less likely to receive NACT consultation. The rate of NACT consultation increased steadily from 2007 to 2011 (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04, 1.45 per year of diagnosis, p = 0.018). After a median follow-up of 28.1 months (range: 14.6–50.3), median survival was 54.7 months for patients who received NACT consultation versus 31.2 months for those who did not (p = 0.030).Conclusions: NACT consultation in patients with MIBC undergoing radical cystectomy has improved over time; however, regional differences underscore the need for a standardized approach to NACT consultation, including common referral mechanisms.