bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo da variabilidade horária da temperatura e umidade do solo na área experimental do projeto Esecaflor-Caxiuanã-LBA
Authors: Oliveira André Bezerra , Costa Antônio Carlos Lôla da , Silva Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues da , Dias Jamilly Leite , Patriota Maria Do Rosário Alves , Rodrigues Celina Cândida Ferreira
Published: December 2018

The ESECAFLOR Project artificially induces a prolonged drought period and studies the consequences on the flows of water and carbon dioxide in an Amazon Rainforest, assessing the impacts on the ecosystem in response to this exclusion of water in the soil, a fact similar to the influence of a event of El Niño. ESECAFLOR is located in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, in the municipality of Melgaço. The objective of this work is to study soil temperature and soil moisture variability in the Brazilian Amazon. The data used refer to a period of 3 years. The results indicated greater soil moisture variability in the control plot (A), when compared to the exclusion plot (B), due to the latter having water stress. In plot B, the soil moisture remained practically constant during the studied period. In relation to the soil temperature, the variations were small in both plots, but with higher values in plot B in relation to plot A, since much of the energy that reaches the surface is used as sensible heat for its heating. With the exclusion of water in the forest soil, the life cycle may suffer irreversible changes.
« Wake up Québec » : du recours aux communautés francophones minoritaires dans le discours visant l’émancipation nationale du Québec
Authors: Arrighi Laurence , Urbain Émilie
Published: December 2018

Basée sur un corpus médiatique constitué à partir des mots clés louisianisation, acadianisation (et leurs dérivés verbaux se louisianiser, s’acadianiser), cette contribution propose une analyse critique des discours qui vise à mettre en lumière une certaine instrumentalisation des langues et des locuteurs de certaines communautés francophones d’Amérique du Nord. Le recours aux communautés acadiennes et louisianaises par une certaine frange de la presse et quelques blogueurs militants québécois montre, en effet, que ces communautés servent un propos qui les dépasse largement. Considérées comme politiquement défaillantes, culturellement assimilées et linguistiquement obsolescentes, ces collectivités sont brandies comme des contre-exemples afin de porter, à différents moments de l’histoire québécoise ou à l’occasion de débats linguistico-politiques particuliers, la cause de l’autonomie politique du Québec puisque, faute d’avoir accédé à son indépendance, c’est le sort commun aux Louisianais et aux Acadiens qui attendrait la population québécoise.
Des immigrants pour la cause : la logique nationaliste du discours de presse sur l’immigration francophone en Acadie
Authors: Violette Isabelle
Published: December 2018

Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner les idéologies linguistiques qui sous-tendent et orientent le traitement discursif de l’immigration dans la presse acadienne récente (2000-2014). Alors qu’à l’heure actuelle l’immigration canalise des tensions politiques et exacerbe des conflits nationaux dans de nombreuses sociétés occidentales, elle bénéficie d’une représentation médiatique favorable en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick. Or seule l’immigration dite « francophone » est jugée désirable et bénéfique, ce qui suppose une forme de régulation des communautés et des populations impliquées dans le faitfrançais. La presse acadienne relaie principalement un discours militant sur l’immigration qui consiste à en faire une cause à défendre pour le bien commun. L’auteure montrera que l’immigration francophone a bonne presse puisqu’elle est conçue pour servir une idéologie nationaliste de la langue : parler français suppose une allégeance aux communautés acadiennes et un engagement envers l’avenir de celles-ci.
Raisonnement clinique et stratégies d’intervention : entrevue simulée auprès de mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives suivies en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Couture Sophie , Laventure Myriam , Bourget Annick , Pentecote Clémence , Fafard Fannie
Published: December 2018

Les professionnels intervenant auprès de parents présentant un double problème de négligence envers leurs enfants et de consommation problématique de substances psychoactives sont confrontés quotidiennement à des prises de décisions complexes. Avant de statuer sur les meilleures pratiques à préconiser dans le domaine, il semble important de mieux comprendre les types de raisonnement clinique et les stratégies d’intervention utilisés par les intervenants pour résoudre un problème et prendre des décisions. Une recherche a donc été menée afin d’identifier les types de raisonnement clinique (pragmatique, procédural, interactif et conditionnel) et les stratégies d’intervention auxquels les intervenants travaillant auprès de cette clientèle ont le plus souvent recours et d’illustrer les regroupements entre ces raisonnements et les stratégies d’intervention associées. Pour ce faire, l’utilisation de l’entretien d’explicitation (Vermersch, 2006) a permis d’accéder au savoir implicite de huit intervenants rencontrés après une entrevue clinique simulée avec une mère-comédienne. Bien que l’ensemble des types de raisonnement se retrouve dans la pratique des intervenants, le raisonnement interactif prédomine et s’observe particulièrement lors des stratégies d’évaluation clinique (par exemple, évaluer la reconnaissance des faits) et relationnelle (par exemple, renforcer la confiance des parents). Une meilleure compréhension des raisonnements cliniques et des stratégies d’intervention utilisées lors de prises de décisions cliniques auprès de parents négligents et consommateurs de substances psychoactives représente une première étape pour améliorer le soutien offert aux intervenants et aux gestionnaires en matière de formation et de supervision clinique.
Programme familial d’entrainement aux habiletés pour les parents ayant une dépendance à l’alcool ou aux drogues et leurs enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans : caractéristiques des familles rejointes par le programme
Authors: Laventure Myriam , Ferland Francine , Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Genois Rosalie , Garceau Pascal , Turcotte Stéphane
Published: December 2018

La présence d’une dépendance à l’alcool ou aux drogues chez un parent a des impacts sur l’unité familiale et son fonctionnement. Elle peut influencer les compétences parentales des parents et grandement affecter le développement des enfants. Au Québec, depuis 2008, deux programmes d’entrainement aux habiletés parentales créés spécifiquement pour les enfants de 6-12 ans dont un des parents a une dépendance (PEHP-Dépendance) ont été implantés dans certains centres de réadaptation en dépendance (CRD). La présente étude vise à identifier les caractéristiques des familles qui ont participé à un PEHP-Dépendance en CRD au Québec et vérifier si ces familles représentent un groupe homogène. L’échantillon est composé de 80 familles et de 108 enfants ayant participé au PEHP-Dépendance. Les résultats indiquent que les familles inscrites aux PEHP-Dépendance présentent des caractéristiques comparables à celles habituellement associées aux familles où la dépendance à l’alcool et aux drogues, et qu’elles pourraient donc bénéficier de ce genre d’intervention. Quatre profils-types différents de familles basés sur les difficultés familiales et psychologiques des parents ont été identifiés, représentant un groupe de participants hétérogènes dans les PEHP-Dépendance à l’étude. Dans le processus d’implantation de PEHP spécifique aux familles dont les parents ont une dépendance à l’alcool et aux drogues, ces résultats sont une première étape permettant de mieux adapter les interventions.
La restriction alimentaire et l’anorexie mentale sous l’angle des théories évolutionnistes
Authors: Labonté Thalie , Paquette Daniel
Published: December 2018

Diverses disciplines se sont intéressées à l’anorexie mentale au cours des dernières décennies et ont proposé différents modèles pour l’expliquer. Celui qui domine actuellement, le modèle biopsychosocial, permet de comprendre comment ce problème se met en place au niveau proximal. Toutefois, une question perdure : existe-t-il une fonction biologique à ce trouble? Il s’agit de l’énigme que les chercheurs adoptant une perspective évolutionniste ont tenté de résoudre. Plusieurs hypothèses ont été proposées et celles-ci seront revues et critiquées dans le cadre de cet article. Ensuite, une hypothèse alternative, l’hypothèse de la compétition intrasexuelle pour le rang, sera présentée et visera à accroître la valeur explicative des modèles proposés. Il sera argumenté que la restriction alimentaire et les troubles qui en découlent sont des sous-produits de l’intensification de la compétition entre les femmes dans la culture occidentale moderne. Alors qu’il aurait autrefois été adaptatif pour les femmes de compétitionner avec leurs consoeurs dans le but de correspondre aux traits physiques et psychologiques jugés désirables dans leur culture, ce mécanisme serait devenu hors de contrôle dans une société dont les critères de beauté sont irréalistes, voire inatteignables, et dans laquelle la minceur est glorifiée. La perspective évolutionniste, bien que parfois méconnue, a le mérite d’amener un point de vue novateur qui stimule la réflexion théorique à un niveau d’analyse différent, mais complémentaire, à ce que proposent les approches conventionnelles.
Adieu coefficient alpha de Cronbach! J’ai trouvé plus fidèle que toi…
Authors: Béland Sébastien , Cousineau Denis
Published: December 2018

De nombreux chercheurs en psychométrie soutiennent que le coefficient alpha de Cronbach (1951) n’est pas une mesure adéquate de la fidélité (reliability) d’un test. C’est dans l’optique d’améliorer les pratiques d’analyse de données que ce court article va présenter les fondements théoriques de la fidélité, synthétiser les principales limites de l’alpha en plus de présenter de façon concise deux alternatives très prometteuses: le great lower bound et l’omega. Des logiciels gratuits et en téléchargement libre sont mentionnés pour obtenir un estimé de ces coefficients.
Les influences transnationales sur la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec (1934-1963)*
Authors: Giguère William
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse les influences transnationales qui ont mené à la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec et vient démontrer que les idées transnationales ont été tout aussi influentes que les incitatifs locaux. Tout au long du récit, on voit que la conjoncture politico-économique internationale de refonte du libéralisme économique classique vers une version plus keynésienne de l’économie occidentale a été un stimulant de première importance pour la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec. Les influences ontarienne, française et étasunienne sur la première nationalisation (1944) ainsi que sur la seconde (1963) sont analysées.
Entre revendication et partenariat : la construction du mouvement de défense des droits des personnes handicapées au Québec entre 1975 et 1985*
Authors: Bourgault1 Gilles
Published: December 2018

Au Québec, les décennies 1970 et 1980 constituent une période effervescente par rapport à l’élaboration et à la mise en place de lois et de politiques publiques concernant les personnes dites « handicapées ». Cet article vise à montrer qu’au travers les processus d’élaboration de lois et de politiques publiques concernant cette population, un mouvement structuré de promotion et de défense des droits des personnes handicapées s’est construit et qu’il a exercé son influence grâce, notamment, à une synergie singulière entre ce milieu associatif émergent et des décideurs politiques animés d’une apparente volonté de partenariat.
Nègres blancs d’Amérique de Pierre Vallières : un anticolonialisme colonisé*
Authors: Couillard Simon
Published: December 2018

Au début des années 1960 au Québec, un mouvement indépendantiste de gauche commence à prendre forme autour d’initiatives comme la revue Parti pris, le RIN et le FLQ. Après son emprisonnement et la publication de Nègres blancs d’Amérique en 1968, Pierre Vallières devient une figure incontournable de ce mouvement. Aujourd’hui, le livre de Vallières est devenu un classique de la littérature québécoise, et cet article veut démontrer que les thèses historiques qui l’informent reconduisent essentiellement le discours sur l’identité du Canada français tel qu’il se développe dans l’historiographie canadienne-anglaise entre le milieu du XIXe siècle et les années 1960, qu’en un certain sens, ce classique qui dénonce le colonialisme en est également un témoignage.
Data based intervention approach for Complexity-Causality measure
Authors: Kathpalia Aditi , Nagaraj Nithin
Published: December 2018

Causality testing methods are being widely used in various disciplines of science. Model-free methods for causality estimation are very useful as the underlying model generating the data is often unknown. However, existing model-free measures assume separability of cause and effect at the level of individual samples of measurements and unlike model-based methods do not perform any intervention to learn causal relationships. These measures can thus only capture causality which is by the associational occurrence of ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ between well separated samples. In real-world processes, often ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ are inherently inseparable or become inseparable in the acquired measurements. We propose a novel measure that uses an adaptive interventional scheme to capture causality which is not merely associational. The scheme is based on characterizing complexities associated with the dynamical evolution of processes on short windows of measurements. The formulated measure, Compression- Complexity Causality is rigorously tested on simulated and real datasets and its performance is compared with that of existing measures such as Granger Causality and Transfer Entropy. The proposed measure is robust to presence of noise, long-term memory, filtering and decimation, low temporal resolution (including aliasing), non-uniform sampling, finite length signals and presence of common driving variables. Our measure outperforms existing state-of-the-art measures, establishing itself as an effective tool for causality testing in real world applications.
Calidad de vida y apoyo social percibido en personas con VIH en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Montoya José , Barragán Ana M. , Martínez Margin , Rodríguez Amanda , González Ángela Carmela
Published: December 2018

Introducción. Las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA refieren menor calidad de vida y menor apoyo social en evidencia proveniente de países desarrollados.Objetivo. Explorar la asociación entre apoyo social percibido; afectivo o de confianza y cada dimensión de calidad de vida relacionada con salud.Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal en personas que viven con VIH/SIDA seleccionadas por conveniencia de un programa de atención en una red hospitalaria de Bogotá. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud SF36 y el cuestionario genérico de apoyo social funcional Duke-UNC-11. Se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal.Resultados. Existe relación directa entre la dimensión de bienestar emocional de calidad de vida y apoyo social afectivo (β: 7.36 IC95%: 1.04; 13.68) y de confianza (β 11.63 IC95% 5.30; 17.96). También entre las dimensiones de función física, desempeño emocional y dolor corporal y apoyo social percibido de tipo afectivo y entre la percepción de apoyo social de confianza y las dimensiones de vitalidad y función social. En contraposición, se encontró relación inversa entre los promedios de los puntajes de las dimensiones de desempeño emocional, desempeño físico y salud general con apoyo social percibido de tipo afectivo para la primera dimensión y de confianza para las dos últimas.Conclusiones. Los sujetos con mejores niveles de apoyo social percibido tienen un mejor nivel reportado de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, situación que brinda insumos para la planeación, diseño e implementación de planes de atención médica que incorporen variables clínicas, paraclínicas y del entorno del paciente.
Actividad in vitro de Tedizolid y comparadores en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos en 7 hospitales de Colombia
Authors: Leal Aura Lucía , Ovalle María Victoria , Cortés Jorge Alberto , Montañes Anita María , De la Rosa Zandra Rocío , Rodríguez José Yesid , Gualtero Sandra , Ariza Beatriz , Sussman Otto , Torres María Del Pilar
Published: December 2018

Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) causa infecciones severas de piel y tejidos blandos a nivel hospitalario y en los últimos años en la comunidad. Tedizolid, es una nueva oxazolidinona con potencia in vitro mayor que el linezolid frente a este tipo de microorganismo.Objetivo. Conocer la actividad antimicrobiana de tedizolid y antibióticos comparadores en aislamientos de SARM causante de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos en hospitales de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo multicéntrico, durante doce meses en 7 hospitales de tercer nivel de Colombia. Se colectaron aislamientos de SARM de pacientes adultos con infección de piel y tejidos blandos. Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) mediante la técnica de E-test (Biomerieux) a tedizolid, linezolid, vancomicina, daptomicina, trimetoprim sulfametoxazol  y clindamicina.Resultados. Se obtuvieron aislamientos de SARM de 102 pacientes. De éstos, 56 (54,9%) fueron de género masculino y el promedio de edad fue de 46,8 años. La infección fue de inicio comunitario en 77 casos (75,4%).  El tipo de muestra que predominó fue absceso en 69 pacientes (67,6%). Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a tedizolid, linezolid, daptomicina,  trimetoprim sulfametoxazol y vancomicina. Tedizolid mostró mayor actividad in vitro que linezolid. Los intervalos de la CIM de tedizolid oscilaron entre 0,125 µg/mL a 0,5 µg/mL mientras que para linezolid estuvieron entre 1µg/mL y 2µg/mL.Conclusiones. Las cepas circulantes de SARM en Colombia presentan alta sensibilidad frente a tedizolid y se considera una alternativa terapéutica para las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos en nuestro medio.
Percepción sobre biobancos con fines de investigación: ¿Qué piensan diferentes actores sociales en Colombia?
Authors: Serrano Norma Cecilia , Guio-Mahecha Elizabeth , Becerra-Bayona Silvia , Luna-González María Lucrecia , Quintero-Lesmes Doris Cristina
Published: December 2018

Introducción. Los biobancos con fines de investigación son un bien público que necesita de la participación activa de todas las partes interesadas, por lo tanto, es importante conocer la percepción que tiene el público general en Colombia, respecto a su intervención en un biobanco, y por consiguiente, requiere ser investigada.Objetivo. Indagar en diferentes actores sociales colombianos sanos, la percepción que tienen sobre donar material biológico humano para ser almacenado en un biobanco con fines de investigación futura.Materiales y métodos. Investigación cuantitativa exploratoria y a su vez cualitativa, aplicando en miembros sanos de la comunidad colombiana, una encuesta anónima para indagar sobre el conocimiento y las actitudes relacionadas con los biobancos,Resultado. La encuesta fue respondida por 368 personas, incluyendo investigadores en salud, abogados y miembros de comités de ética en investigación. El 96% de los sujetos declara la voluntad de donar material biológico al biobanco, aunque el 60% manifiesta desconfianza en que sus muestras sean usadas en algunos tipos de investigación, especialmente clonación humana. Cerca de la mitad de los participantes refieren saber qué es un biobanco. Sin embargo, menos del 3% tienen claro el concepto.Conclusión. Los participantes mostraron su disposición para donar y almacenar material biológico con fines de investigación, y expresaron su opinión sobre los aspectos en la gestión de los biobancos. Las opiniones del público general se deben tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de políticas que regulen los biobancos con fines de investigación en Colombia.
Iatrogenic Acute Intracranial Hematoma Following Drainage Catheter Removal: A Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Tao Chuan-Yuan , Wang Jia-Jing , Gan Qi , You Chao
Published: December 2018

This paper describes 2 unique cases of catheter removal-induced intracranial hemorrhage (CRIH). Acute intracranial hematoma including extradural, subdural, and ventricular hemorrhage is a rare but dangerous complication during catheter removal. Its occurrence is usually iatrogenic. The clinical data of two patients of CRIH were retrospectively collected with a brief review of the phenomenon. A huge subdural hematoma was confirmed in the first case and severe ventricular hematoma in the second case immediately after removing intracranial drains. Emergent craniotomy identified the parietal branch of superficial temporal artery and choroid plexus as the separate source of bleeding. According to the literature review, only 4 cases in 2 reports were diagnosed with CRIH. CRIH should be borne in mind during the procedure of removing a catheter for drainage. The chance of CRIH may be lowered by vigilant manipulation in the processes of both catheter insertion and removal. Early detection and timely evacuation is essential for good recovery. The first case is another example of CRIH in subdural cavity. However, CRIH in ventricles may also occur as demonstrated in the second patient, which was never reported to our knowledge.
The commissioning and validation of Monaco treatment planning system on an Elekta VersaHD linear accelerator
Authors: Snyder Jeffrey E. , Hyer Daniel E. , Flynn Ryan T. , Boczkowski Amanda , Wang Dongxu
Published: December 2018

Accurate beam modeling is essential to help ensure overall accuracy in the radiotherapy process. This study describes our experience with beam model validation of a Monaco treatment planning system on a Versa HD linear accelerator. Data were collected such that Monaco beam models could be generated using three algorithms: collapsed cone (CC) and photon Monte Carlo (MC) for photon beams, and electron Monte Carlo (eMC) for electron beams. Validations are performed on measured percent depth doses (PDDs) and profiles, for open‐field point‐doses in homogenous and heterogeneous media, and for obliquely incident electron beams. Gamma analysis is used to assess the agreement between calculation and measurement for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans, including volumetric modulated arc therapy for stereotactic body radiation therapy (VMAT SBRT). For all relevant conditions, gamma index values below 1 are obtained when comparing Monaco calculated PDDs and profiles with measured data. Point‐doses in a water medium are found to be within 2% agreement of commissioning data in 99.5% and 98.6% of the points computed by MC and CC, respectively. All point‐dose calculations for the eMC algorithm in water are within 4% agreement of measurement, and 92% of measurements are within 3%. In heterogeneous media of air and cortical bone, both CC and MC yielded better than 3% agreement with ion chamber measurements. eMC yielded 3% agreement to measurement downstream of air with oblique beams of up to 27°, 5% agreement distal to bone, and within 4% agreement at extended source to surface distance (SSD) for all electron energies except 6 MeV. The 6‐MeV point of measurement is on a steep dose gradient which may impact the magnitude of discrepancy measured. The average gamma passing rate for IMRT/VMAT plans is 96.9% (±2.1%) and 98.0% (±1.9%) for VMAT SBRT when evaluated using 3%/2 mm criteria. Monaco beam models for the Versa HD linac were successfully commissioned for clinical use.
Catalytic and Electron Conducting Carbon Nanotube–Reinforced Lysozyme Crystals
Authors: Contreras‐Montoya Rafael , Escolano Guillermo , Roy Subhasish , Lopez‐Lopez Modesto T. , Delgado‐López Jose M. , Cuerva Juan M. , Díaz‐Mochón Juan J. , Ashkenasy Nurit , Gavira José A. , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis
Published: December 2018

Novel reinforced cross‐linked lysozyme crystals containing homogeneous dispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes bundles (SWCNTs) are produced and characterized. The incorporation of SWCNTs inside lysozyme crystals gives rise to reinforced composite materials with tunable mechanical strength and electronic conductivity, while preserving the crystal quality and morphology. These reinforced crystals show increased catalytic activity at higher temperatures, being active even above the denaturation temperature. The electron transport through the crystals is linked to the content and distribution of SWCNT bundles inside the crystals. The electron conduction through the crystals is isotropic and very efficient, presenting high conductivity values up to 600 nS at very low (0.05 wt%) SWCNT concentration. To obtain these crystals, a new protocol based on the in situ crystallization of lysozyme in composite SWCNT–peptide hydrogels is developed. These peptide hydrogels are able to homogeneously disperse bundles of hydrophobic SWCNTs allowing first, the crystallization of the enzyme lysozyme and second, transferring the new properties of the inorganic component to the crystals. Taken together, these composite crystals represent an example of the versatility of proteins as biological substrates in the generation of novel functional materials, opening the door to use them in catalysis and bioelectronics at macroscale.
Stroke Recovery in Rats after 24‐Hour–Delayed Intramuscular Neurotrophin‐3 Infusion
Authors: Duricki Denise A. , Drndarski Svetlana , Bernanos Michel , Wood Tobias , Bosch Karen , Chen Qin , Shine H. David , Simmons Camilla , Williams Steven C. R. , McMahon Stephen B. , Begley David J. , Cash Diana , Moon Lawrence D. F.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) plays a key role in the development and function of locomotor circuits including descending serotonergic and corticospinal tract axons and afferents from muscle and skin. We have previously shown that gene therapy delivery of human NT3 into affected forelimb muscles improves sensorimotor recovery after stroke in adult and elderly rats. Here, to move toward the clinic, we tested the hypothesis that intramuscular infusion of NT3 protein could improve sensorimotor recovery after stroke.

Methods

Rats received unilateral ischemic stroke in sensorimotor cortex. To simulate a clinically feasible time to treatment, 24 hours later rats were randomized to receive NT3 or vehicle by infusion into affected triceps brachii for 4 weeks using implanted catheters and minipumps.

Results

Radiolabeled NT3 crossed from the bloodstream into the brain and spinal cord in rodents with or without strokes. NT3 increased the accuracy of forelimb placement during walking on a horizontal ladder and increased use of the affected arm for lateral support during rearing. NT3 also reversed sensory impairment of the affected wrist. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during stimulation of the affected wrist showed spontaneous recovery of peri‐infarct blood oxygenation level–dependent signal that NT3 did not further enhance. Rather, NT3 induced neuroplasticity of the spared corticospinal and serotonergic pathways.

Interpretation

Our results show that delayed, peripheral infusion of NT3 can improve sensorimotor function after ischemic stroke. Phase I and II clinical trials of NT3 (for constipation and neuropathy) have shown that peripheral high doses are safe and well tolerated, which paves the way for NT3 as a therapy for stroke. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:32–46.
Psychological analysis of consumer intertemporal decisions
Authors: Malkoc Selin A. , Zauberman Gal
Published: December 2018

Many consumer decisions involve trade‐offs of benefits and costs distributed over time. Such decisions are often referred to as intertemporal decisions. The current review examines how the underlying psychological drivers of intertemporal preferences inform consumer decision‐making. To this end, we identify four important consumer decision domains—financial decision‐making, hedonic purchases, time management, and health decision‐making—and use the extensive work in intertemporal choice to inform these decisions and identify routes to understanding and improving consumer decision‐making.
Synthesis of Tetracoordinate Boron‐Fused Benzoaceanthrylene Analogs via Tandem Electrophilic C−H Borylation
Authors: Oda Susumu , Abe Hiroaki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Hatakeyama Takuji
Published: December 2018

Benzoaceanthrylene analogs with tetracoordinate boron at the ring junction were synthesized through tandem electrophilic C−H borylation of 2,6‐dinaphthylpyridine followed by nucleophilic substitution. Notably, the [5,6]‐annulation occurred selectively over [6,6]‐annulation with the assistance of nitrogen coordination of the pyridine ring. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed the polycyclic skeleton with a distorted tetracoordinate boron atom and a unique packing structure with intermolecular π–π interaction. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these benzoaceanthrylene analogs were evaluated by UV‐vis spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. The electron affinity of the fluorine‐substituted derivative is estimated to be 3.49 eV from the ionization potential and optical band gap. Thus, this derivative is expected to be a promising n‐type semiconducting material.
Vanadium (III) Oxide/Carbon Core/Shell Hybrids as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Budak Öznil , Srimuk Pattarachai , Tolosa Aura , Fleischmann Simon , Lee Juhan , Hieke Stefan W. , Frank Anna , Scheu Christina , Presser Volker
Published: December 2018

We present a facile two‐step synthesis of vanadium (III) oxide/carbon core/shell hybrid material for application as lithium‐ion battery electrode. The first step is a thermal treatment of a mixture of vanadium carbide (VC) and NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O at 700 °C in an inert gas atmosphere. Elemental nickel obtained from decomposing NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O served as a catalyst to trigger the local formation of graphitic carbon. In a second step, residual nickel was removed by washing the material in aqueous HCl. By replacing NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O with anhydrous NiCl2, we obtained a hybrid material of vanadium carbide‐derived carbon and a vanadium carbide core. Material characterization revealed a needle‐like morphology of the rhombohedral V2O3 along with two carbon species with a different degree of graphitic ordering. We varied the NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O‐to‐VC ratio, and the optimized material yielded a capacity of 110 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 2.5 A ⋅ g−1 which increased to 225 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 0.1 A ⋅ g−1 after 500 cycles in the potential range of 0.01‐3.00 V vs. Li/Li+. This enhanced performance is in stark contrast to the loss of lithium uptake capacity when using commercially available V2O3 mixed with carbon black, where 93 % of the initial capacity was lost after 50 cycles.
A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of the efficacy of targeted therapies and chemotherapy for treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Chen Huihui , Lu Wei , Zhang Yixin , Zhu Xuan , Zhou Jiaojiao , Chen Yiding
Published: December 2018

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with poorer prognosis than other subtypes, yet effective therapies are still not available. We aimed to compare the efficacy of various targeted therapies with chemotherapy (CT) in TNBC patients using a network meta‐analysis. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 6924 TNBC patients, were included. Olaparib significantly improved PFS (0.43, 0.29‐0.64) and ORR (2.57, 1.31‐5.09) in comparison with CT. As for bevacizumab + CT, it showed a significant improvement of PFS (0.66, 0.55‐0.80) and ORR (2.15, 1.16‐4.05) compared with CT + placebo. It was also superior to CT alone in PFS (0.48, 0.35‐0.65) and pCR (1.30, 1.13‐1.49 for breast and axillary nodes and 1.26, 1.11‐1.44 for breast). Other targeted agents like iniparib, sorafenib, cetuximab, and ipatasertib combined with CT showed significant superiority in PFS compared with CT alone, and the HRs were 0.75 (0.62‐0.90), 0.44 (0.21‐0.91), 0.67 (0.47‐0.96), and 0.44 (0.24‐0.81), respectively, while some other agents such as sunitinib and cetuximab had the lowest SUCRA in OS, PFS, or ORR without any benefits. In conclusion, our results indicated that the addition of bevacizumab to CT was beneficial for TNBC patients, and olaparib had a great effect in PFS and ORR, especially for those with BRCA mutations. When combined with CT, targeted agents including iniparib, sorafenib, cetuximab, and ipatasertib may have better efficacies for treating TNBC.
N‐Doped Defective Graphene from Biomass as Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methane
Authors: Jurca Bogdan , Bucur Cristina , Primo Ana , Concepción Patricia , Parvulescu Vasile I. , García Hermenegildo
Published: December 2018

N‐doped, defective graphene obtained by pyrolysis of chitosan at 900 °C under Ar exhibits catalytic activity for the Sabatier hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 at temperatures about 500 °C with estimated turnover frequencies and activation energy values of 73.17 s−1 and 24.3 kcal×mol−1, respectively. It has been found that this enhanced catalytic activity compared to other related doped defective graphenes derives from the presence of pyridinic N atoms that adsorbs CO2 forming carbamate‐type adsorbates.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Absorption of Electrolyte Species in Cation/Anion Exchange Membranes of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Tam D. , Whitehead Adam , Wai Nyunt , Ong Samuel Jun Hoong , Scherer Günther G. , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: December 2018

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) rely on ion exchange membranes (IEMs) to separate the positive and negative compartments while maintaining electrical neutrality of the cell, by allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers. Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs), the two principal types of IEM, have both been employed in VRFBs. The performance of these IEMs can be influenced by the absorption of species from the electrolyte. In this study, a typical commercial CEM (Nafion 117) and AEM (FAP 450), were examined with respect to vanadium uptake, after exposure to electrolyte at different states of charge. The two types of membrane were found to behave very differently, with the AEM showing very high selectivity for VV, which resulted in a significant increase in area‐specific resistivity. In contrast, the CEM absorbed VII more strongly than vanadium in other oxidation states. These findings are essential for the development of an effective membrane for VRFB applications.
Anaerobic digestion of chicken manure: Influence of trace element supplementation
Authors: Molaey Rahim , Bayrakdar Alper , Sürmeli Recep Önder , Çalli Bariş
Published: December 2018

In this study, anaerobic digestion of nitrogen‐rich chicken (egg‐laying hen) manure at different trace element (TE) mix doses and different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations was investigated in batch digestion experiments. With respect to nonsupplemented TE sets, addition of TE mixture containing 1 mg/L Ni, 1 mg/L Co, 0.2 mg/L Mo, 0.2 mg/L Se, 0.2 mg/L W, and 5 mg/L Fe at TAN concentrations of 3000 mg/L and 4000 mg/L, cumulative CH4 production and CH4 production rate improved by 7–8% and 5–6%, respectively. The results revealed that at a very high TAN concentration of 6000 mg/L, the effect of TE addition was significantly high and the cumulative CH4 production and production rate were increased by 20 and 39.5%, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that at elevated TAN concentrations the CH4 production that was stimulated by TE supplementation was presumably occurred through syntrophic acetate oxidation.
Simple discrimination training with differential responses to establish functional and equivalence classes with preschool children
Authors: Canovas Daniela S. , Debert Paula , Miguel Caio F.
Published: December 2018

The present study assessed whether simple discrimination training with differential responses would produce functional and equivalence classes with preschool children. In Experiment 1, we exposed 10 children to simple successive discrimination training in which they had to press different buttons (selection‐based responses). Response 1 (R1) was reinforced only in the presence of A1, B1, or C1, and Response 2 (R2) was reinforced only in the presence of A2, B2, or C2. We assessed the formation of functional classes by training new selection responses in the presence of one member of each class (A1‐R3, A2‐R4) and testing to see if these responses would occur in the presence of other members. Eight children responded consistently with functional class formation. Four of these eight children also responded consistently with the formation of equivalence classes. Experiment 2 investigated whether differential motor responses (i.e., gestures) would improve equivalence class yields. Three of six children showed both functional and equivalence class formation. In general, the results indicate that the simple discrimination procedure with differential responses yielded functional and equivalence class formation.
Heat waves in Berlin and Potsdam, Germany – Long‐term trends and comparison of heat wave definitions from 1893 to 2017
Authors: Fenner Daniel , Holtmann Achim , Krug Alexander , Scherer Dieter
Published: December 2018

Heat waves (HWs) are natural hazards characterised by episodes of hot weather. However, in the absence of a universal definition a wide variety of definitions is applied. In this study, ten different air temperature (T) based HW definitions are applied to the urban region of Berlin, Germany, to investigate and compare the occurrence and duration of HWs, and their long‐term trends from 1893 to 2017. We studied how long‐term trends depend on different definition of HWs, as well as if long‐term mean values and trends differ between inner‐city and peripheral locations of Berlin. Generally, results show significant increases in HW occurrence and duration for most definitions, although large differences exist between them. Temporal agreement between the definitions is low, 15 episodes in 125 years are identified by all definitions as HWs. Inner‐city regions of Berlin are subject to more frequent and longer HWs than peripheral regions, if definitions based on daily minimum or mean T are applied. Results also show that trend estimations of HW characteristics for HW definitions with “extreme” values for their detection criteria (e.g., in terms of duration or threshold) are highly sensitive to the applied method. We conclude that depending on the question under investigation, different HW definitions might be optimal and hence attempts for the development of “universal” definitions need to take this into account.
Low and variable pH decreases recruitment efficiency in populations of a temperate coral naturally present at a CO2 vent
Authors: Caroselli Erik , Gizzi Francesca , Prada Fiorella , Marchini Chiara , Airi Valentina , Kaandorp Jaap , Falini Giuseppe , Dubinsky Zvy , Goffredo Stefano
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment alters seawater carbonate chemistry, thus threatening calcifying organisms such as corals. Coral populations at carbon dioxide vents are natural acidification experiments that mimic organism responses to seawater pH values projected for 2100. Even if demographic traits are paramount information to assess ecological relationships and habitat suitability, population dynamics studies on corals thriving under acidified conditions are lacking. Here, we investigate the demography and reproduction of populations of the solitary, symbiotic, temperate coral Balanophyllia europaea naturally living along a pH gradient at a Mediterranean CO2 vent. Gametogenesis and larval production were unaffected while recruitment efficiency collapsed at low and variable pH, contributing to coral abundance decline and suggesting that life stages between larval release and early polyp growth are hindered by acidification. Exploring these processes is crucial to assess coral fate in the forthcoming acidified oceans, to preserve coral ecosystems and the socioeconomic services they provide.
Dual effects of TiSiO4 composite nanoparticles on dispersion stability and lubrication performance of vegetable oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Taheri Reza , Kosasih Buyung , Zhu Hongtao , Tieu Anh Kiet
Published: December 2018

Vegetable oil‐in‐water emulsions are potential metal‐working lubricants. These emulsions are susceptible to oil‐water phase separation due to the oil droplets' coalescence. In this study, we enhance the dispersion stability and lubricity of such emulsions with TiSiO4 nanoparticles (NPs). With 1 vol% soybean oil, stable emulsions are obtained with 0.25 to 0.75 wt% NPs, attributed to formation of shielding layers of NPs around the droplets. Lowest friction and wear are obtained without and with 0.25 wt% NPs, respectively. With increasing the NPs' mass fraction, NP‐shielded droplets become less attracted to metal surfaces. Association of NPs within boundary film is also found when NPs' mass fraction is above 0.5 wt%, inducing third body abrasive behaviour. Further increasing the NPs' mass fraction results in the formation of agglomerates of NPs in emulsions which increases vibration, friction, and wear. Findings suggest that a mass fraction of NPs exists at which stable emulsions with improved lubrication performance are obtained.
A Reversible Proton Generator with On/Off Thermoswitch
Authors: Yang Long , Caire da Silva Lucas , Thérien‐Aubin Héloïse , Bannwarth Markus B. , Landfester Katharina
Published: December 2018

A reversible polymer photoacid with a thermal on/off switch at physiological temperature able to trigger a large pH modulation of its environment is prepared. Light is used to control the acidity of the solution. Additionally, the temperature could be used to modulate the photoacid efficiency, practically turning on and off the ability of the polymer to produce protons. The behavior of this thermoresponsive photoacid copolymer is the result of the combined action of the temperature‐responsive N‐isopropylacrylamide and of a reversible photoacid monomer based on a spiropyran derivative. The acidification of the aqueous medium is activated by irradiation at λ = 460 nm. The reverse reaction is achieved by removing the light stimuli or by exposing the solution to UV‐light. Increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of the copolymer deactivates the photoacid and irradiation at λ = 460 nm does not lead to the generation of protons or to any detectable change in the pH value of the solution. Hence, the addition of N‐isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer acts as a thermal on/off switch for the photoacid and the coupling of temperature‐and light‐responsiveness in the polyphotoacids yields a “thermophotoacid”.
Random Forest Model with Combined Features: A Practical Approach to Predict Liquid‐crystalline Property
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsiu , Tanaka Kenichi , Funatsu Kimito
Published: December 2018

Quantitative structure−property relationships were developed to predict the liquid crystalline (LC) of a large dataset of aromatic organic compounds using machine learning algorithms and different molecular descriptors. The aim of this study was to find appropriate models and descriptors for the prediction of a large variety of liquid crystalline behaviors. Furthermore, descriptor calculations based on LC structural templates were proposed to understand the structural effects on the LC behaviors. The results suggest that random forest classifier and combined features which consists of structural templates were usable for LC behavior prediction. The best performance of prediction models showed high accuracy and F1 score (90 % and 93 %). Furthermore, the random forest has strong abilities to large input feature, quick training and easy model‐tuning for constructing LC prediction model. Therefore, the prediction model allows experimentalists to seek the synthesis of a predicted molecule that would exhibit the desired LC properties to accelerate the progress in the discovery of new LC materials.
Update to the Toe-Width Methodology: Determining Preferred Discharges for Spawning and Rearing Salmonids
Authors: Pacheco James M. , Kohr Jonathan H.
Published: December 2018

The impacts of changing streamflow on fish habitat are often assessed using instream flow methodologies that relate changes in streamflow to changes in habitat availability. Direct measurements of the streamflow-to-habitat relationship are time consuming and not feasible to do on all streams. Measuring the width of the stream channel for species-specific regression equations (referred to as the toe-width method) provides a quick and cost-effective estimate of the preferred spawning and rearing discharges for specified fish species. Despite continued use of the toe-width method since the late 1970s, it has not been updated or tested against more modern methods. We designed a clearer methodology for identifying and measuring the toe-width in Washington State. We used preferred discharges from 69 fish-habitat-to-streamflow studies compared with the toe-width at these study sites to develop new equations and tested the new methodology for reproducibility. Additionally, all fish-habitat-to-streamflow studies used the latest version of Washington State's habitat suitability criteria. The three indicators used to locate the toe of the bank and the three channel characteristics used to select toe-width transect locations result in reproducible measurements. All the updated toe-width regression equations for spawning and rearing salmonids had lower percent standard errors than the original methodology. Our instructions and subsequent testing of the revised method with varied samplers provide us with confidence that the updated methodology is a more understandable, accurate, and consistent way to identify the toe of the bank and to measure the toe-width.
Pitfall in genetic screening in a pregnancy involving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient
Authors: Xu Li‐Li , Li Dong‐Zhi
Published: December 2018

What's already known about this topic?

Successful pregnancies have been reported in female HSCT recipients and in female partners of male HSCT recipients.

Most of the time, prenatal genetic screening is performed by testing of blood samples taken from the parents.

What does this study add?

For HSCT recipients, the hematological and DNA testing results of peripheral blood represent donors' information and not the information that is passed on to the offspring.

A medical history record of couples, especially related to a HSCT status, should be specifically requested and implemented into prenatal screening programs.