bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors
Authors: Suvarna Viraj Ramesh
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have to be done by sponsors who wish to launch new antidiabetic drugs in the US, since the December 2008 US Food and Drug Administration ruling, which was subsequently accepted by the European Medicines (Evaluation) Agency (EMA) in 2012. However, the medical community asks the question, “So What?” as they are not convinced of the clinical relevance of CVOTs. The patients selected in CVOTs are necessarily high risk, so that they develop major adverse cardiovascular events quickly, but then, the results are extrapolatable to only a certain percentage of patients seen in the clinical practice. Doctors believe that these trials only serve a regulatory need. At the same time, these trials do provide a lot of good data, but it needs to be interpreted well, and extrapolated appropriately to patients in practice as there are differences between what happens in a randomized control trial and in the real world. Hence, the need for this article which serves to dissect the CVOTs of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, so that doctors are able to better read this evidence. However, the question of which gliflozin is the best cannot be answered by these trials as these are not head to head trials. All the more reason why one needs to look at the data holistically and be empowered to make the right decision for individual patients, hoping to match the best patient for the best drug, rather than determine which drug is better.
Effects of antihypertensive agents on the quality of life in diabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar , Kazal H. L. , Kohli Kamlesh , Raj Rajnish , Bansal Nagma , Singh Baltej , Arora Hobinder
Published: January 2021

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic noncommunicable disease, and hypertension (HT) is the most common comorbidity which affects their quality of life (QoL).

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of antihypertensive agents (viz., amlodipine, ramipril, telmisartan, and ramipril with telmisartan) on the blood pressure (BP) and QoL.

Methodology:

It was an open-labeled prospective intention-to-treat study done in diabetic hypertensive patients (CTRI/2016/10/007340). Patients were randomly assigned antihypertensive agents, namely, amlodipine, ramipril, telmisartan, and a combination of ramipril with telmisartan (RT) in four groups. They were evaluated for BP, blood sugar level, and QoL at baseline and 24th week.

Results:

After 24 weeks of therapy, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly reduced in all groups. In amlodipine, there was a mean percentage fall of SBP by 15.85% (confidence interval [CI]: 21.38–28.13) and DBP by 11.22% (CI: 8.41–12.70); in ramipril – 14.4% (CI: 18.61–25.15) and 12.4% (CI 8.88–13.99); telmisartan – 18.4% (CI: 24.89–10.79) and 14.6% (CI 10.79–16.24); and in RT group, SBP 17.7% (CI: 23.38–29.18) and DBP 12.4% (CI: 9.05–13.02). QoL score increased by 30.56% (CI: 14.30–10.90), 30.94% (CI: 14.21–10.68), 28.07% (CI: 14.89–11.20), and 28.84% (CI: 15.49–11.77), in respective groups (P < 0.0001, each). However, they were nonsignificant between the study groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Amlodipine, ramipril, telmisartan, and a combination of RT are equally effective to improve BP and QoL among diabetic hypertensive patients. However, amlodipine and telmisartan lacked in dry cough and more tolerable than the ramipril and RT therapy. Henceforth, amlodipine and telmisartan are better choice to control HT among DM patients.
Prescription audit of a teaching hospital in South India using World Health Organization core prescribing indicators – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Meenakshi R. , Selvaraj Nitya , Anandabaskar Nishanthi , Dhamodharan Anuranjani , Badrinath A. K. , Rajamohammad Meher Ali
Published: January 2021

Aim:

World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators are highly standardized tools in reliably assessing the essential aspects of drug utilization pattern. It is critical that the rational use of drug prescribing is scrutinized for the utmost benefit of patient welfare. In this study, we aim to assess the prescription pattern and prescribing behavior of physicians using the WHO-recommended core prescribing indicators at a teaching hospital in South India.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the general medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 month in June 2019. A total of 600 prescriptions were sampled based on the WHO “How to investigate drug use in health facilities” document recommendation. The WHO guidelines and methods were observed to ensure data reliability. Descriptive statistical analyses such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used to present the data.

Results:

The WHO core prescribing indicators analysis revealed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 2.38 ± 1.1 and only 796 (55.4%) of the drugs were prescribed by generic name. Whereas, the percentage of encounters prescribed with an antibiotic 44 (7.3%) and an injection 63 (10.5%) was less than the ideal recommendations as per WHO and 1265 (88%) of the drugs were prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines.

Conclusion:

This study on prescription pattern audit done using the WHO core prescribing indicators highlights that prescriptions encountered with antibiotic and injection use were in accordance with the WHO recommendations.
Adoption of the World Health Organization access, watch reserve index to evaluate and monitor the use of antibiotics at a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Bansal Alka , Sharma Rajni , Prakash Ravi
Published: January 2021

Background:

The World Health Organization classification of antibiotics classifies key antibiotics into access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) categories. Categorization provides a novel metrics called “AWaRe index” to study and monitor antibiotic consumption globally and within the same setting over time.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare the use of antibiotics in 2 years using the AWaRe index tool.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in SMS Hospital, Jaipur to collect data regarding total antibiotics consumed between January 2017 and December 2018 from drug distribution centers in hospital premises using the AWaRe classification. Data were then compared on yearly basis.

Results:

In 2017, 53.31% of antibiotics consumed belonged to access, 40.09% to watch, and 3.40% to reserve category, respectively, as compared to 41.21%, 46.94%, and 8.15%, respectively, in 2018.

Conclusion:

Increased use of watch (17%) and reserve antibiotics (140%) over 1 year with the same infection scenario in a similar setting indicates resistance in evolution.
Current status of clinical research using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Karekar Sonali Rajiv , Vazifdar Arzan Khurshed
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a field has recently gained a lot of importance and is expected to revolutionize the health-care scenario in the near future. There have been no studies done worldwide to review the status of research with respect to the use of AI in health care. Hence, we conceptualized this study to get an overview of the clinical studies being conducted in the field of AI, by analyzing those registered on the Food and Drug Administration trial registry website.

Methodology:

All the clinical studies conducted in the field of AI registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website up to September 2019 were reviewed and analyzed. The variables such as geographical distribution, study design, status of study whether ongoing or completed, therapy area, type of intervention tested, type of funding, and year of initiation of study were recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:

Out of all the studies registered, 156 were related to AI. Of these 156 studies, 84 were interventional and 72 were observational. The most common therapy area under study was oncology with 26.3% studies, followed by cardiology, ophthalmology, psychiatry, and neurology. Devices comprised the most common intervention being studied, accounting to 34% of studies, followed by diagnostics which included 28% of studies. In the first 8 months of 2019 itself, 65 studies had been registered.

Conclusion:

The study revealed an increasing trend in the studies being conducted using AI techniques, with majority being conducted in the area of oncology, with medical devices being the most common intervention being tested.
Drug use evaluation of cephalosporins in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shetty Yashashri C. , Manjesh P. S. , Churiwala Widhi , Jain Sakshi M. , Singh Vishal K.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Infectious disease burden in India is among the largest in the world. Cephalosporins are being used extensively in the current scenario, both empirically and as definitive treatment. With this information, we tried to evaluate the prescription pattern of drugs for infections in medicine and general surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital and evaluate the utilization of cephalosporins in the same.

Methodology:

The study was conducted for a duration of 3 months in a tertiary care hospital after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and permission of the respective heads of the surgery and medicine departments was obtained. After satisfying the inclusion criteria, participants' demographic details and the prescription notes by the treating doctor were noted and analyzed. The WHO prescription indicators were analyzed and the prescriptions were evaluated for the completeness of them. The utilization of cephalosporins was evaluated based on the institutional standard treatment guideline (STG) – Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy and Prophylaxis, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 600 patients were recruited, of which 350 were male and 250 were female. A total of 4341 drugs were prescribed. On an average, 7 drugs per prescription were found. The generic drugs prescribed were 27% (1163). Among the drugs prescribed, 19% (850) were antibiotics, of which 36.94% (314) were cephalosporins and 81% (3491) were other drugs. Ninety-four percent (565) prescriptions were incomplete (in terms of dose, frequency, duration, or dosage form). After referring to the STG, we found that cephalosporins were prescribed empirically in 40% (126) cases, of which medicine prescriptions accounted for it the most.

Conclusion:

Cephalosporins are extensively prescribed in medicine and surgery wards of the tertiary care hospital.
Has mandatory prospective registration of all studies brought about a change? A 1-year audit of studies registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India [CTRI] before and after April 1, 2018
Authors: Shetty Nayana S. , Salvi Rachana A. , Thatte Urmila M. , Gogtay Nithya J.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) that initially permitted retrospective registration moved to mandatory prospective registration of studies with effect from April 1, 2018. The present study was an audit that compared registration 1 year post the rule versus a year prior to it.

Materials and Methods:

All studies registered with the CTRI from April 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, and subsequently from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019, were included for the analysis. The extents of retrospective registration a year pre and a year post April 1, 2018, of all studies were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 4628 studies were registered prior to April 1, 2018, and 5438 post that. Pre April 1, 2018, 2687 / 4628 (58.06%) studies were retrospectively registered, while post that, 1100 / 5438 (20.23%) studies were retrospectively registered (cOR: 5.46 [5.0, 5.9], P < 0.001). Regardless of whether the studies were PG theses, regulatory studies, observational studies, or interventional studies, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number retrospectively registered post April 1, 2018, relative to the year predating it.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The success of CTRI's decision to move to prospective registration is seen in the overall reduction in the total number of retrospective registrations from nearly two-thirds in the year predating April 1, 2018, to just a quarter in the year post that, indicating significant inroads made by the CTRI with regard to raising awareness. Some regulatory studies continue to be retrospectively registered and this presents a significant ethical and regulatory breach. This could be potentially addressed by linking ethics committee approval with trial registration.
An evaluation of drug lag for new drugs approved by the Indian regulator relative to the United States, European Union, and Japanese regulatory agencies
Authors: Konwar Mahanjit , Maurya Mitesh R. , Nishandar Tushar B. , Thatte Urmila M. , Gogtay Nithya J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

The approval process of every drug regulatory agency differs, and hence, the time required for the approval of a new drug varies. This results in a drug lag and India is no exception to this phenomenon. A drug lag precludes Indian patients from accessing new medicines at the same time as they are approved elsewhere. Against this backdrop, we assessed the absolute and relative drug lags of the Indian regulator relative to three regulators in mature markets, namely United States (US), European Union (EU), and Japan.

Methods:

International nonproprietary names were used to identify new drugs. Their dates of approval (2004-2018) from the online database of four regulatory agencies were identified. Both absolute and relative drug lags were calculated for India as compared to US, EU, and Japan as well for all the agencies relative to the Indian regulator.

Results:

We identified a total of 453, 473, 424, and 472 new drugs approved over the study period in India, US, EU, and Japan, respectively. The absolute drug lag of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) was 19 and 18 relative to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), respectively. The relative drug lag for the CDSCO vis-a-vis the US FDA, European Medicines Agency, and PMDA was 43.2 (2.1–1287.8), 25.6 (0.03–1310.5), and 30.3 (1.2–1242) months, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our study shows a significant drug lag between India and other three developed nations (US, EU, and Japan). However, in some therapeutic areas, Indian regulator has proactively approved new drugs much before other agencies. The New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rule of 2019 has brought hope for reduction in drug lag in the near future.
Who Will Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccines for Africa?
Authors: Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Imo Uchenna Frank , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo
Published: January 2021

Africa’s health systems are strained by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are global efforts toward the development and trial of COVID-19 vaccines. However, considering the challenges and economic conditions of African nations, there could be limited access and availability of the vaccines on the continent. This will be the result of high cost and technical requirements to acquire the vaccines. There are indications that possible donor funding for COVID-19 vaccines from rich countries maybe put off considering the various challenges they face currently and the moves they are making in response to the disease. The issue of justice in health for protecting the vulnerable populations and regions also supports the need for COVID-19 vaccine availability on the African continent. Means to achieve uniform control of the disease burden across the globe should be adopted. Governments of African nations should also scale up their efforts toward COVID-19 vaccine acquisition and utilization through viable efforts. It is therefore important to assist the African continent in acquiring the COVID-19 vaccines by leveling all power dynamics that will affect access and distribution.
Overlap Shear Test for Automotive Type Sealant for Stationary Glass Bonding
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: January 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of glass to metal lap shears for determining shear strength of sealant adhesives for automotive stationary glass bonding. This procedure can also be used for fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) when used in place of metal.
From Marx and Engels to Sino-Marxism Focusing on Communist and Confucian (rujia) Notions of Loyalty and Self-Criticism
Authors: Paul Gregor
Published: January 2021

The paper sketches and compares main components of Marxism, Leninism, Stalinism, and Sino-Marxism, especially Maoism. In particular, it deals with the relation between Maoism and so-called Confucianism (rujia). It is argued that this relation has been—and still is—characterized by both Maoist criticism of Confucius as well as absorption of ‘Confucian’ ideas. In briefly analysing commonalities and differences between the various theories and ‘practices’, especially the ways the Communist Party of China conceived of and asked for loyalty to the Party, reasons are given for their development, achievements, and failures.
Družbena mobilizacija na lokalni ravni in preobrazba mest v Južni Koreji
Authors: Križnik Blaž
Published: January 2021

Za Južno Korejo sta bila v preteklosti značilna hiter gospodarski in urbani razvoj, ki so ju spodbujali intervencionistična država in špekulativni trgi. Javnost je bila iz odločanja večinoma izključena. Na preobrazbo južnokorejskih mest so poleg tega vplivale obsežne rušitve revnih sosesk in nasilne deložacije prebivalcev. Tako so se na lokalni ravni pojavile različne oblike družbene mobilizacije, katerih cilj je bil zaščititi interese prebivalcev in lokalnih skupnosti ter uveljaviti njihovo skupno pravico do mesta. Članek obravnava razvoj skupnostnega gibanja na območju Geumho-Haengdang-Hawangsimni v Seulu kot primeru družbene mobilizacije na lokalni ravni. Kvalitativna študija primera temelji na longitudinalni analizi vzrokov za nastanek, ciljev, organiziranosti in delovanja skupnostnega gibanja, s čimer želimo celoviteje razumeti pomen družbene mobilizacije na lokalni ravni za preobrazbo južnokorejskih mest. Izsledki študije kažejo, da je skupnostno gibanje pomembno vplivalo na krepitev skupnostnega povezovanja in s tem na preobrazbo mesta na različnih ravneh. Poleg tega študija opozarja na protisloven položaj skupnostnih gibanj v razmerju do države, saj morajo za uresničitev svojih ciljev z njo dejavno sodelovati, a hkrati ohraniti svojo finančno, organizacijsko in politično samostojnost. Skupnostno gibanje na območju Geumho-Haengdang-Hawangsimni v Seulu je bilo pri tem razmeroma uspešno, zaradi česar lahko predstavlja zgled samostojnega in dolgoročno vzdržnega skupnostnega povezovanja v mestih.
Od informatora do kontestatora. Akta „Bolka” – próba lektury
Authors: Skórzyński Jan
Published: January 2021

From the informant to contester. Files "Bolek" – an attempt to read The documents of Security Service (SB) announce that Lech Walesa was in the years 1971-1975 the secret collaborator – „Bolek” – in the Gdansk Shipyard. This cooperation was intense year and a half, until May 1972. In the years 1972-1975 from the position of a co-worker of the system Walesa began to provide critical opinions about the situation in the yard and labor problems. He has also publicly criticized the authorities. Instead facilitate the control of the crew, he was seedbed of discontent and a source of instability. In 1976 Walesa was removed from his job in tthe Gdansk Shipyard. SB agreed to this because unruly colleague brought them more harm than good. From the informant to contester – this was the evolution of Walesa’s contacts with political police of Polish People’s Republic (PRL).
Między szantażem i polityką. Internowanie Lecha Wałęsy
Authors: Kozłowski Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Blackmail or politics? The internment of Lech Walesa The paper considers political aspects of the internment of Lech Wałęsa during the martial law in Poland. It focuses on the negotiations between the authorities and the leader of Solidarity. Wałęsa was urged (and later blackmailed) to support the operation of rebuilding Solidarity into so-called neo-Solidarity. According to the plan of the Ministry of Interior, key positions in neo-Solidarity should by offered to the collaborators of the Security Service and activists ready for far-reaching compromise. The paper focuses on the course and dynamics of negotiations with Wałęsa by numerous authorities emissaries: Stanisław Ciosek, Paweł Chocholak and colonel Władysław Iwaniec. This article describes the negotiation strategy of both sides and shows why the attitude of Walesa was an important factor in the failure of the political plans of the Communist Party leadership.
Kazimierz Koźniewski na tropie „Zapisu”
Authors: Kaczyński Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Kazimierz Koźniewski on the trail of "Zapis" The communist authorities tried to destroy "Zapis", independent literary magazine issued without censorship in "samidat" since January 1977, in various ways. Police methods: surveillance, revisions, seizures. Administrative harassment: publication ban, deprivation of work or a passport for editorial team. And propaganda action: mockery and defamation. Kazimierz Koźniewski, writer, communist activist and agent of the Ministry of Interior (consultant "33"), in action against "Zapis" was active in all three fields. His denunciations published here show the variety of services provided by him to secret police (SB). He wrote reviews, in which he gave to the ideas of propaganda against "Zapis". He gave tactical advice. He recounted the author's meeting. Reported on conversations with "Zapis". It was not effective; to December 1981 21 issues of independent literary magazines were published in the underground.
Fundusz Pomocy Niezależnej Literaturze i Nauce Polskiej – reakcja polskiej emigracji na stan wojenny
Authors: Challot Jacky
Published: January 2021

Fund for the Continuity of Polish Independent Litterature and Humanities – the Reaction of Polish Emigration to the Martial Law This article presents the activity of the Fund for the Continuity of Polish Independent Litterature and Humanities, one of the reactions of the Polish intellectual emigration to the state of war triggered in Poland on December 13, 1981. Created in the Parisian circles of the magazine Kultura, the Fund brings together great personalities, such as: Józef Czapski, Jerzy Giedroyc, Konstanty Jeleński, Gustaw Herling-Grudzinski, Czesław Miłosz. The nature of these activities and the renown of its animators places it in a more global and older strategy, initiated during the Cold War and aimed at the “de-Sovietization” of the minds in Western intellectual circles. This work is carried out on the basis of unpublished archives, retracing the two main axes of the activity of the Fund: editorial action and allocation of grants for representatives of the independent Polish culture. The Fund invested about five million French francs between 1982 and 1990 to co-finance the edition of 56 books and to award numerous grants for Polish creators for stays in the West. Its activity, spread over the decades 80 and 90, can be seen as a final touch in a broader strategy that contributed to the collapse of European communism.
Plakaty wyborcze z 1989 roku: fakty i legendy
Authors: Leszczyńska Zofia
Published: January 2021

1989 election posters: facts and legends This article discusses political posters from 1989 parliamentary elections in Poland, used by Solidarity and Polish United Workers’ Party. Although election campaings are widely and thoroughly analysed, posters are rarely a subject to research, with a few exceptions of Polish historians and political scientists. There are two purposes of present analysis: the first is one is to introduce methods such as semiotic, visual culture and narrative semiotic to reveal the structures of meaning and ideologies conveyed by the posters. The second is to reconstruct and interpret various legends that arose around posters from 1989 elections and the symbolic function of the West in Solidarity’s victory.
Poland and the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968–1989)
Authors: Kemp-Welch Anthony
Published: January 2021

After the Sovietled invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, Moscow began to advance the notion of “limited sovereignty”, soon dubbed by Washington the “Brezhnev Doctrine”. The Doctrine was next debated during the period of Solidarity (1980-81) when Soviet leaders considered the pros and cons of a military invasion. After sixteen months of hesitation, the domestic “martial law” alternative was chosen instead. In the late eighties, Gorbachev advised his Eastern European counterparts that violence was no longer an option and that they should therefore reach peaceful accommodations with their own societies. Jaruzelski was the first to do so.
Representation in Teaching and Learning Mathematics
Authors: Mainali Bhesh
Published: January 2021

Representation is an important element for teaching and learning mathematics since utilization of multiple modes of representation would enhance teaching and learning mathematics. Representation is a sign or combination of signs, characters, diagram, objects, pictures, or graphs, which can be utilized in teaching and learning mathematics. Normally, there are four modes of representations in the domain of mathematics: (1) verbal, (2) graphic (3) algebraic, and (4) numeric. Certain type of representations can be dominant in teaching and learning mathematics; however, representation needs to be translated from one mode to another mode. Translation of modes of representation is an important skill that learners need to develop in order to be more proficient in learning mathematics. In the last couple of decades, the role of representation in mathematics education has been increased but requires more research studies to explore various aspects of representations.
Probability distributions of COVID-19 tweet posted trends uses a nonhomogeneous Poisson process
Authors: Munandar Devi , Supian Sudradjat , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: January 2021

The influence of social media in disseminating information, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, can be observed with time interval, so that the probability of number of tweets discussed by netizens on social media can be observed. The nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) is a Poisson process with dependent on time parameters and the exponential distribution having unequal parameter values and, independently of each other. The probability of no accurence an event in the initial state is one and the probability of an event in initial state is zero. Using of non-homogeneous Poisson in this paper aims to predict and count the number of tweet posts with the keyword coronavirus, COVID-19 with set time intervals every day. Posting of tweets from one time each day to the next do not affect each other and the number of tweets is not the same. The dataset used in this study is crawling of COVID-19 tweets three times a day with duration of 20 minutes each crawled for 13 days or 39 time intervals. Result of this study obtained predictions and calculated for the probability of the number of tweets for the tendency of netizens to post on the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analisis Risiko Flight Delay Pengiriman Barang Saat COVID-19 di PT Lesacho Logistics dengan Metode House of Risk
Authors: Sumarna Dani Leonidas , Nabil Fauzaan Muhamad
Published: January 2021

Saat ini Indonesia sedang mengalami masa pandemi virus terbaru yaitu Coronavirus Disease -19 (Covid-19) yang telah merugikan beberapa sektor perekonomian seperti industri manufaktur, pariwisata, logistik, transportasi dan lain-lain. PT Leschaco merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang logistik freight forwarding yang menyediakan jasa pengiriman seperti air freight, sea freight, tank container, warehouse, dan contract logistic. Selama pandemi ada beberapa permasalahan yang timbul dalam pengiriman melalui air freight salah satunya yaitu flight delay yang mengakibatkan keterlambatan pengiriman barang, dari kegiatan tersebut timbul kejadian risiko yang harus diidentifikasi terlebih dahulu agen risikonya untuk bisa dilakukan proses aksi mitigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memitigasi risiko dalam proses pengiriman barang saat covid-19 PT Leschaco Logistic Indonesia.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode House of Risk (HOR) untuk mengidentifikasi variabel risiko dan mitigasi risiko. House of Risk merupakan pengembangan metode failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Quality Function Operation Deployment (QFD). Proses metode House of Risk dibagi menjadi dua fase: pertama yaitu identifikasi risiko untuk menghasilkan prioritas risk agent. Kedua adalah penyusunan tindakan pencegahan untuk menghasilkan preventive action yang efektif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 25 kejadian risiko, 38 agen risiko semua agen risiko tersebut diolah kembali untuk menentukan agen risiko yang prioritas dan non prioritas. Agen risiko prioritas sebanyak 13 agen risiko dan agen risiko non prioritas sebanyak 25. Tindakan pencegahan yang dilakukan untuk memitigasi agen risiko prioritas sebanyak 19 aksi mitigasi.
Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Menggunakan FSN Analysis Pada Warehouse UKM Online
Authors: Yanuar Amri
Published: January 2021

Setiap organisasi harus mampu menyediakan produk agar selalu tersedia sehingga dapat memenuhi setiap permintaan yang masuk. Oleh karena itu, baik secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung organisasi harus memperhatikan dan mengelola persediaan secara baik. Karena manajemen persediaan penting bagi efektivitas dan efisiensi. Manajemen persediaan juga penting dalam mengendalikan persediaan yang harus disimpan untuk kebutuhan permintaan yang akan datang. Studi ini mengambil UKM yang telah menjalankan usahanya secara online dan memiliki gudang untuk menyimpan produk yang dijualnya lebih dari 7000 SKU. Berdasarkan observasi yang telah dilakukan, gudang yang menjalankan aktivitas keluar masuknya barang mengalami lamanya waktu pengerjaan order yang masuk karena pengelolaan produknya masih secara random, dan belum menerapkan model persediaan yang optimal untuk melakukan evaluasi persediaan barang jadinya sebagai parameter pengukuran. Analisis persediaan dan pengendalian menjadi hal yang tidak bisa dihindarkan oleh UKM. Untuk menjaga persediaan agar tidak lama keluar dari gudang harus dilakukan klasifikasi produk agar produk yang dikelola tidak menjadi produk yang dapat menghambat kapasitas penyimpanan sehingga tidak menjadi optimal. Metode FSN analysis dapat digunakan untuk menilai statistik dari produk. Ketika hasilnya dapat ditentukan secara akurat, maka akan menjadi sangat penting dalam menentukan tingkat persediaan dari setiap produk yang dikelola
Reconfigurable High Gain and Wide Band Antenna for 5G Communication
Authors: V Seethalakshmi , S Geetha , G Vetrichelvi , G Saranya , S Manikandan
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces the specification and performance analysis of broad frequency range antenna for 5 G mobile phones. The suggested antenna functions at the frequency spectrum of 28 GHz and its configuration are permanently matched over very high frequency bands,
including 4.25 GHz, 7.055 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 15.26 GHz, as well as for the reallocation of the expanded 5 G spectrum of communications. Mobile terminals are compliant with the antenna that is being built.
Low Power Lut Architecture To Enhance Stability
Authors: M Supriya , S Prabhu kumar , S Sri raman , T Shanmugaraja , K Murugan
Published: January 2021

For continuous applications, such as security and mixed media preparation, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is the most frequently used stage. Because of the use of programmable interconnects, there is some energy overhead in FPGA planning. To ease these constraints, a six-info Look Up Table (LUT) is designed to use Stability Enhancing Static Random-Access Memory (SESRAM) cells that require only seven semiconductors. The proposed SESRAM cell decreases the zone, power consumption, energy usage, deferral, and increases the intensity of understanding, composing steadiness by limiting the size of the read input semiconductor as 2 nm, and extending the access composite semiconductor size as 3 nm. The famous development of power-effective neural organization quickening agents has established an exceptional interest in low power static irregular access memory (SRAM). In this specific situation, a 9- Semiconductor (TG9 T) SRAM bit cell dependent force proficient transmission door has been suggested in this work. In order to determine the overall exhibition of the proposed plan with regard to significant plan measurements, the criticality of cutting 7 T, fully differential 8 T (FD8 T) and single-finished upset free 9 T (SEDF9 T) bit cells was compared with temporary plans, for example, while the unwavering efficiency of such SRAM plans was also examined when exposed to deal with varieties. Using SE7T, when comparing and using ST10T, D2AP8T and PFC10T for LUT configuration, LUT decreases the Write'0' power by 93.4 percent, 68 percent, 21.21 percent and Write'1 'power by 2 percent, 50.16 percent, 10.13 percent.
IIR Filter Design Using African Buffalo Optimization
Authors: B Jaishankar , V Govindaraj , kanth Sri
Published: January 2021

In the modern world, the digital signal processing embeds more in real time applications. Several researchers focused on filtering process to identify the limitation in traditional methods. In this article, the meta-heuristic algorithm is deployed for optimizing infinite impulse response (IIR) filter design. The traditional IIR filter results create computational complexity and its performance is worse in the case of a noisy environment. In signal processing, IIR plays several roles in filtering and monitoring the signal amplitude. The African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) is quite easy for implementation and its performance outcomes solved many problems in various domains. Hence, it is selected for solving IIR filter problems for obtaining optimal filter coefficients. Initially, IIR filter is designed for different orders under ABO concept. The ABO based IIR filter’s performance is superior to those obtained by Genetic Algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm. The proposed method’s performance result proves that it has a smaller magnitude error and phase error with fast convergence rate.
MODELLING AND FORECASTING DAILY MORTALITY RATE OF COVID-19 IN ECOWAS: EVIDENCE FROM ARIMA MODEL
Authors: NWUJU Kingdom , Better Ifeoma , ETUK Ette
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has claimed thousands of lives over the past 6 months and counting, has resulted in great panic by many worldwide, as the number of death cases is now monotonically growing by the day. This paper isaimed at developing a suitable Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which shall be used to fit a most appropriate model for the daily number of total deaths recorded in ECOWAS that are traceable to the COVID-19 pandemic. We discovered that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) was the most appropriate model for forecasting the number of COVID-19 related deaths recorded in ECOWAS. A forecast of 234 days from 11th May, 2020 to 31th December, 2020, was carried out and we discovered that, the COVID-19 mortality in ECOWAS may likely take a daily upward trend for the next 6 months.
A Clinical Audit Of Management Of Third And Fourth Degree Perineal Tears
Authors: Saida Abrar  , Raheela Mohsin Rizvi  , Urooj Kashif  , Admin
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To perform a clinical audit of the practices of third and fourth degree preineal tears management in our institution.
Methods: A review of  medical records was performed, of women having singleton term vaginal delivery sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi from January 2008 to December 2018. We compared the change in practices regarding management of OASIS with the results of our previous study done at AKUH in 2008.
Results: The frequency of  OASIS in our department is 0.56% (142/25370). The documentation of OASIS improved compared to previous study ( 20.7% to 87%). There was also a significant increase in documentation of the method of repair, use of delayed absorbable suture material for the repair of external anal sphincter and follow-up at 06 weeks to see the success of repair and plan next delivery. The use of vaccum vaginal delivery increased to 27(19%) from 5(4%) but there was decrease in the OASIS complicated by instrumental vaginal deliveries, which may be due to the decrease in the use of forceps from 64% to 26%.
Conclusions: Despite of increase in the  number of deliveries , frequency of OASIS remained similar to the previous study. There was a significant increase in the vaccum vaginal delivery, documentation of degree of tears, use of delayed absorbable suture material and long-term follow-up and decrease in the use of forceps. The compliance to international guideline increased as compared to our previous paper. Continuous...
ρ_l Çekme Donatılı olan Betonarme Kirişlerin Şekil Değiştirme Esaslı Hasar Sınırlarının Araştırılması
Authors: JAMAL Rohullah , YÜKSEL Bahadır
Published: January 2021

Yapısal elemanların deprem performansının belirlenmesi amacı ile bu çalışmada, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018’de betonarme elemanlar için öngörülen şekil değiştirme esaslı hasar sınırları analitik olarak incelenmiştir. Sabit geometri ve farklı parametre olarak basınç donatı oranı ve beton basınç dayanımı değiştirilerek betonarme kiriş modelleri tasarlanmıştır. Gerçek malzeme davranışları ele alınarak elde edilen momenti-eğrilik ilişkilerinden kiriş kesitlerinin elastik ötesi davranışları incelenmiştir. Betonarme kiriş modelleri için moment-eğrilik ilişkilerinden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak kiriş kesitlerinin kırılma durumları ve davranışları incelenmiştir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018’de verilen hasar sınır değerleri betonarme kiriş modelleri için hesaplanmıştır. Şekil değiştirme değerleri TBDY 2018’de tanımlanmış olan Göçmenin Önlenmesi, Kontrollü Hasar ve Sınırlı Hasar Performans seviyeleri için hesaplanmıştır. Betonarme kirişler için göz önüne alınan üç ayrı hasar sınırı ve bu hasar sınırlarına karşı gelen birim şekil değiştirme değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İlgili yer değiştirme taleplerine karşılık gelen kiriş hasarları gözlenmiş ve hasar sınırları değerlendirilmiştir. Betonarme kirişlerde farklı performans düzeyi için beton ve donatı çeliği birim şekil değiştirmeleri ve plastik dönmeleri hesaplanarak performans düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Göçmenin Önlenmesi ve Kontrollü Hasar performans düzeyleri için plastik dönmelerin hasar sınırları; akma eğriliği, kopma eğriliği, plastik mafsal uzunluğu, kesme açıklığı ve boyuna donatı çapının fonksiyonudur. Betonarme kiriş elemanlarında beton basınç dayanımın, kontrollü hasar ve göçme öncesi dönme açıları üzerinde etkili olduğunu gözlemlenmiştir. Dikdörtgen en-kesitli betonarme kiriş elemanlarında basınç donatısı oranın arttırılması ile kontrolü hasar ve göçme önlenmesi hasar sınırında beton birim kısalmasına ve dönme açılarına etkili olduğunu ispatlanmıştır.
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN HEALTH ORIENTED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Wambui Carolyne , Njuguna Amos
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Information and Communication technology affects the financial management system effectiveness in health oriented civil society organizations. Methodology: The study was conducted through a cross sectional descriptive survey. The target population of the study was 1065 Nongovernmental organizations in Kenya. The accessible population refers to the 606 Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. A sample of 10% equivalent to 61 Nongovernmental organizations was selected from the Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. The respondents were financial managers in every selected Nongovernmental organization. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire and was analyzed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and means. Inferential statistics included correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis. The tool for data analysis was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were presented using tables and pie charts.Results: The study results indicated that information technology management in non-governmental organizations are reliable and flexible enough to support the financial management of the organization. Additional results indicated that Nongovernmental organizations had invested in a management information system which had lowered administrative costs. The usage of IT led to efficient management of processes of budget accounting. The findings imply that information technology has significant positive effect on financial management systemUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provided recommendations to the NGOs and other organization that ICT development should be maximized fully in the organization especially if the objective is to improve efficiency and financial management systems effectiveness.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE COMPETENCY ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN HEALTH ORIENTED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Wambui Carolyne , Njuguna Amos
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which human resource competency affects the financial management system effectiveness in health oriented civil society organizations.Methodology: The study was conducted through a cross sectional descriptive survey. The target population of the study was 1065 Nongovernmental organizations in Kenya. The accessible population refers to the 606 Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. A sample of 10% equivalent to 61 Nongovernmental organizations was selected from the Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. The respondents were financial managers in every selected Nongovernmental organization. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire and was analyzed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and means. Inferential statistics included correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis. The tool for data analysis was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were presented using tables and pie charts.Results: Study results show that the majority of respondents agreed with the statement that managers empower their employees at the lowest hierarchy who must be competent to achieve the organizational goals and objectives.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that human resource management must be fully functional in a company with continuous training of the staff to ensure up to date competences and increased knowledge in financial management.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN HEALTH ORIENTED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Wambui Carolyne , Njuguna Amos
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to to determine the extent to which financial governance affect financial management system effectiveness in health oriented civil society organizations. Methodology: The study was conducted through a cross sectional descriptive survey. The target population of the study was 1065 Nongovernmental organizations in Kenya. The accessible population refers to the 606 Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. A sample of 10% equivalent to 61 Nongovernmental organizations was selected from the Nongovernmental organizations located in Nairobi County. The respondents were financial managers in every selected Nongovernmental organization. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire and was analyzed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and means. Inferential statistics included correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis. The tool for data analysis was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were presented using tables and pie charts.Results: Study results indicated that financial governance affects financial management systems effectiveness of NGO’s. The results are further supported by a majority of respondents who agreed that the NGO’s have a governing body that provides strategic direction and leadership.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that financial governance ought to be thorough throughout the company with sound rules and regulations that governs the accounting and financial sector of the company. This will ensure timely and accurate disclosure of all financial matters regarding the corporation to the regulatory body thus showing the efficiency in financial management systems.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASING INCIDENCES OF BURNS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL BURNS UNIT
Authors: Amakobe Nelly C , Moronge Dr. Makori
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the demographic factors associated with increasing incidences of burns among adult patients admitted in the Kenyatta National Hospital Burns UnitMethodology: The population of this research consisted of all patients in the burns unit at Kenyatta hospital. The study used primary data in particular used questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of structured closed ended statements. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) mainly by use of descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included mode, mean, median, standard deviation. Data was presented by use of graphs, pie charts and tables.Results: The study findings indicated that there has been an increase in number of patients with burns which is associated with various demographics factors causing the increased incidences among the patients. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the study findings the researcher  recommend that it’s important to educate the  citizens in order to make them more aware of the dangers associated with various factors such as illegal electricity connection and lack of access roads.  In doing this more cases of fire would be reduced and reduce loss of lives and property in more fire prone areas. The study also recommends that the Government through the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation should impart knowledge related to the burns especially on how people can take preventive measures and emergency measures against fire outbreak.
THE INFLUENCE OF LACK OF AWARENESS ON THE INCREASING INCIDENCES OF BURNS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL BURNS UNIT
Authors: Amakobe Nelly C , Moronge Dr. Makori
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish influence of lack of awareness on the increasing incidences of burns among adult patients admitted in the Kenyatta National Hospital Burns Unit.Methodology: The population of this research consisted of all patients in the burns unit at Kenyatta hospital. The study used primary data in particular used questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of structured closed ended statements. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) mainly by use of descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included mode, mean, median, standard deviation. Data was presented by use of graphs, pie charts and tables.Results: The study findings indicated that there has been an increase in number of patients with burns which is associated with various knowledge related factors causing the increased incidences among the patients.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the study findings the researcher. The study also recommends that the Government through the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation should impart knowledge related to the burns especially on how people can take preventive measures and emergency measures against fire outbreak