bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-efficient conveyer belt loading methods. A classification approach for minimizing energy consumption
Authors: Bahadirov G.A. , Gulmatov A.B. , Umarov B.T. , Mirzayev O.T.
Published: February 2025

This article provides information on the methods of mass measurement on the automatically controlled conveyor belt used in the sorting of potatoes, onions and fruits and vegetables from one zone to the next zone, and what parameters can be controlled by mass measurement. Using the methods presented in the article, when measuring the mass of potatoes, we will be able to control the angle of elevation of the hopper and the linear speed of the conveyor belt by processing the signals received through the strain gauges. In this way, we will be able to control the amount of mass passing through the weight measuring zone of potatoes moving on the belt together with the belt in a unit of time. Our automation of processes in the sorting area helps to reduce manual labor and to carry out the sorting process at a high quality level.
Automatic system of generation of electricity of autonomous wind power plant with sailing working body
Authors: Toibekov Zhandos , Baigabylova Dinara , Markabaeva Dinara , Mirzabayev Berik
Published: February 2025

Today, one of the ways to solve the problem of global warming in the world is to develop alternative energy sources and reduce or eliminate the number of traditional energy sources. Many researchers and scientists are improving the structural and software components of traditional wind power plants, which turbines rotate vertically or horizontally, and increase the efficiency of wind power plants. This article describes the principle of operation and basic equipment of a new type of wind power plant. The structural scheme of the sailing wind power plant and the principle of operation of the object of the system of automatic control of cyclic oscillations of its working body depending on the wind speed are proposed. The scheme of the method of increasing the operating time by constantly transferring the energy produced by a synchronous generator with a permanent magnet to the network and simplifying the operation of the frequency converter is proposed. Thus, the main works of the new sailing wind power plant, which converts wind power and resistance to electricity, were demonstrated.
Energy-efficient milling approaches: Minimizing environmental impact in RC-profile shaft formation through optimized tool geometry
Authors: Malyneva Yu.A. , Kutz V.V. , Tolmacheva T.A.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the effect on the error of forming RK-profile shafts of various tooth arrangements of the enclosing milling cutter. The schemes of arrangement with a uniform (constant) angular pitch and an uneven angular pitch were considered. The values of the numbers of teeth providing a given shaping error corresponding to various accuracy standards are established. A scheme and procedure for calculating angular positions with a symmetrical arrangement of teeth with uneven pitch are proposed.
Extraction of magnesium and heavy non-ferrous metals from the tailings of the Kentau Processing Plant
Authors: Karatayeva Gulnara , Shevko Victor , Bitanova Gulvira , Polatova Karlygash
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of studies using computer thermodynamic modeling for the extraction of magnesium and heavy non-ferrous metals into the gas phase from the tailings of the Kentau processing plant using the HSC-5.11 Chemistry software package. Studies of the enrichment tailings – nFeSi2 system were carried out in the temperature range 500-2000°С, a pressure of 0.001 bar and a content of FeSi2 (20% and 35% of the tailings mass). Adequate regression equations for the effect of temperature and amount of ferrosilicon on the degree of transition of magnesium, zinc and lead to the gas phase have been obtained. It was found that under equilibrium conditions, the interaction of the enrichment tailings with the reducing agent ferrosilicon, the temperature of the onset of formation of gaseous substances is: for magnesium more than 1000°С; zinc ≥500°С, lead ≥800°С, SiOg ≥ 1300°С. Silicon and iron silicides are reduced in systems already at ≥ 500°С. In the temperature range 733-800°С the degree of zinc transition to gas is 98-98.5% at a maximum content of 20-34% FeSi, whereas magnesium is 95-97.7% at 1775-1850°С in the presence of 30.6-34% FeSi2. Copper contained in the enrichment tailings is completely converted into the resulting alloy, which is classified as a copper-containing ligature (31.7% Si, 63.4% Fe, 4.9% Cu). It was revealed that in the process of complex processing of the tailings of the Kentau enrichment plant in the presence of FeSi2, as a reducing agent, it is possible to extract magnesium, zinc, and lead into the gas phase and obtain a copper-containing ligature that can be used in the smelting of copper steel.
Sustainable heavy concrete additives: Evaluating granite-based solutions for eco-efficient construction
Authors: Dusembinov Duman , Zhantlessova Zhibek , Altynbekova Aliya , Kabdyrova Lyailya , Yenkebayev Serik , Tsygulyov Denis
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of a study on the influence of one component of a newly developed modifying additive (specifically, granite dust) on the strength properties of concrete. The comprehensive study included standardized tests of beam samples for flexural and compressive strength. The research was conducted with varying concentrations of granite in the concrete mix: 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The study results yielded curves illustrating changes in concrete strength relative to the concentration of granite added to the mix. The resulting curve of this relationship indicated that the optimal concentration of granite in concrete is 2%, at which the maximum sample strength was observed. With further increases in granite concentration, a decrease in strength was noted, both in compressive and flexural strength indicators.
Circular business models “water – energy – food” for sustainable development of regional agro-industrial complex
Authors: Chernova Olga , Mitrofanova Inna , Batmanova Victoria , Sergeeva Oksana , Chub Margarita
Published: February 2025

The use of circular business models in the water-energy-food system of relations provides significant opportunities to improve the sustainable development of regional agro-industrial complexes. However, in Russia these models remain little known. The article is aimed at the analysis of the use of circular business models within the “water – energy – food” system which influence the development sustainability of regional agrarian business. The sustainable development of regional agriculture is influenced by the use of circular business model in the “water – energy – food” system perceiving several industries and this article is aimed at the analysis of the possibilities of use of models mentioned above. The research methods are presented by the analysis of research, as well as on the qualitative analysis of business models based on performance indicators that reflect the achievement of sustainable development goals. It was shown that the “cascade processing of biomass” business model has the greatest potential for sustainability achievement. However, its realization is constrained by the multi-structured nature of the agro-industrial sector. Conclusions were made that in order to stimulate the processes of use of circular business models in “water – energy – food” system, it is necessary to create special economic zones of the mixed agricultural and industrial type. The study has theoretical significance which is presented by the development of a technique for sustainability growth of the agricultural complex taking into consideration WEF concepts. The paper also has significant practical application as it is possible to use the results of the study which can help improve the efficiency of existing models of sustainable development of regional agro-industrial complexes.
Eco-assessment of meat raw materials: A convolutional neural network approach to sustainable quality control
Authors: Verezubova Natalia , Sakovich Natalia , Yukovleva Olga , Chekulaev Artur , Verezubova Irina
Published: February 2025

This paper explores an approach to analyzing the quality of meat raw materials using convolutional neural networks. The study focuses on the development and application of a comprehensive system that integrates deep learning capabilities with evolutionary algorithms to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of estimating parameters such as the hydrogen index of raw meat. Genetic algorithms are employed to optimize hyperparameters, which significantly improve model performance. The paper presents the results of comparisons between genetically optimized networks and non-optimized ones. Special attention is given to the analysis of classification accuracy. The authors conclude by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of genetic algorithms for neural network optimization, based on previous research and metrics obtained from neural networks.
Innovative beekeeping strategies for sustainable rural employment: Addressing socio-ecological contradictions
Authors: Yakupova Aina , Svetalakov Andrey
Published: February 2025

Authors conducted the study to identify fresh approaches to addressing a pressing social issue: ensuring employment in rural areas. This article justifies the relevance of developing the beekeeping industry and outlines key areas for its growth. The influence of beekeeping on the socio-economic development of both the region and the country is analyzed. The study identifies innovative approaches to advancing the beekeeping sector. Recommendations are proposed for establishing an institutional structure to support beekeeping development in the region, along with an outline of its functionality. This study proposes mechanisms to adapt innovative solutions aimed at increasing rural employment through the development of beekeeping; it also offered recommendations to address systemic contradictions. The primary scientific finding is that increasing rural employment through the development of the beekeeping industry is achievable only by adopting an integrated approach and implementing innovative solutions. This requires a comprehensive reform of the industry, supported by the establishment of infrastructural, institutional, and financial foundations.
UAV-based sustainable orchard management: Deep learning for apple detection and yield estimation
Authors: Kutyrev Alexey , Khort Dmitry , Smirnov Igor , Zubina Valeria
Published: February 2025

This article presents a method for automated apple counting using high-resolution images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The YOLO11 architecture, specifically models from YOLO11n to YOLO11x, was employed for fruit detection. Key steps included creating orthophotos, segmenting data into tiles, training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning and data augmentation, and merging results. Images were captured using a DJI Mavic 3 Multispectral drone with a 20 MP RGB camera. Data augmentation including flipping, hue adjustment, blurring, and Tile 8×8 transformation increased the dataset from 11 to 2,000 images with 51,797 objects (34,383 apples and 17,414 fallen apples). The YOLO11x model achieved the highest performance metrics: mAP@50 = 0.816, mAP@50-95 = 0.547, Precision = 0.852, and Recall = 0.766, demonstrating its effectiveness in complex, high-density orchards. The YOLO11n model, with lower computational demands, is suitable for resource-limited environments. The method maintains geospatial alignment and visualizes fruit distribution across the orchard. An experimentally determined correction coefficient will account for fruits hidden from the camera, enhancing the accuracy of yield estimation. A Tkinter interface displays detection results and summary data for each orchard section. Future work includes integrating multispectral data and 3D modeling to enhance precision. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning to automate orchard monitoring and yield assessment.
Digital eco-transformation: Regulating sustainable agricultural practices in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Dzhumagulov Aidar , Mistriukova Irina
Published: February 2025

Modern agriculture requires the integration of digital technology to increase productivity, optimize resources and reduce risks, primarily environmental ones. In the context of active digital transformation of the economy, Kyrgyzstan faces the need for building a legal framework for digitalisation of agriculture. This article provides an overview of regulatory framework for digitalisation of agriculture, analysis of key problems and areas to improve, and recommendations drawn from the comparative analysis of digital experiences in the agro-industrial sector and tailored to the specific needs of the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan.
Institutional aspects of digitalization in the agro-industrial sector of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulanova Darikul , Sadykbekova Aizharkyn , Kuashbay Sattar , Narkulova Shahlo , Naribek Bagdaulet
Published: February 2025

The study explores the institutional structures of digitalization in Kazakhstan's agro-industrial complex (AIC), emphasizing the role of technology and policy in enhancing sector efficiency and competitiveness. Leveraging a comprehensive review of recent literature and statistical data, the research identifies key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting digital transformation in the AIC. It examines the implementation of programs such as "Digital Kazakhstan" and their contribution to improving agricultural productivity, precision farming, and resource management. Additionally, the study evaluates challenges such as the lack of local digital platforms, low farmer digital literacy, and infrastructural gaps, offering insights into strategic solutions. Through a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and practical case studies, the research underscores the importance of innovation, intersectoral collaboration, and knowledge transfer in advancing the region's sustainable development. Recommendations are provided to policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academic communities to align institutional frameworks with digitalization goals, ensuring robust integration of modern technologies in the agro-industrial sector.
Die Pornografie-Nutzungsstörung und ihre Behandlung im Rahmen der
multizentrischen Studie „PornLoS“
Authors: Markert Charlotte , Wehrum-Osinsky Sina , Stark Rudolf
Published: February 2025

Die Pornografie-Nutzungsstörung kann als Variante der Störung mit zwanghaftem
Sexualverhalten verstanden werden, für die in der ICD-11 spezifische
diagnostische Kriterien entwickelt wurden. Die Symptomatik ist für Betroffene
mit teils gravierenden Beeinträchtigungen und Leid verbunden. Während sie
bislang zu den Impulskontrollstörungen zählt, gibt es einen wissenschaftlichen
Diskurs darüber, ob sie auch als Verhaltenssucht verstanden werden kann. Bisher
mangelt es an methodisch hochwertig durchgeführten Therapiestudien, um effektive
Behandlungsmethoden zu entwickeln. Um die bislang schlechte Versorgungssituation
von Betroffenen in Deutschland nachhaltig zu verbessern, wird die
multizentrische Therapiestudie „PornLoS“ durchgeführt. Darin wird eine
innovative Intensivtherapie mit einer Standardtherapie verglichen. Zusätzlich
wird die Frage untersucht, ob eine vollständige Abstinenz oder eine reduzierte
Nutzung von Pornografie das geeignetere Therapieziel darstellen. Der Artikel
beschreibt zunächst das klinische Bild der Pornografie-Nutzungsstörung, um dann
das vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss geförderte Projekt „PornLoS“
vorzustellen.
Rehabilitation at Home with Interactive Technology
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Sharma Rajan , Mont Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Smartphone applications and wearable devices have shown promising outcomes to augment in-person postoperative total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation. Advantages of these technologies include patient-specific, real-time feedback and motivation which can be integrated into newer rehabilitation protocols. These technologies can be utilized in the home setting with patient directed therapy.

Methods: This brief narrative review discusses the current utilization of smartphone applications and sensors for the postoperative rehabilitation period following total knee arthroplasty. This review will discuss how they are utilized for home-based rehabilitation and the outcomes of patients who utilize them. This review specifically focuses on recovery outcomes such as adherence/satisfaction, functional improvement, and gait patterns. Outcomes are primarily descriptive, with P values noted where appropriate.

Results:
This review highlights the growing evidence supporting the use of smartphone applications and wearable sensors as valuable tools in the rehabilitation process following total knee arthroplasty. Both technologies have been shown to enhance patient adherence, improve functional outcomes, mitigate pain, and provide valuable data for healthcare providers and patients. Importantly, the integration of these technologies, such as the combination of smartphone apps with wearable devices, can help improve patient outcomes when utilized in a home-based rehabilitation setting.

Conclusions: Smartphone applications and wearable devices offer enhancements in postoperative rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty. Despite being in their infancy, randomized trials have validated their effectiveness and utility in this context. Improved adherence to postoperative care plans emerged as recurrent findings.
Dietary Therapies in Epilepsy
Authors: Reddy Shilpa B. , Carter Emma G.
Published: February 2025

Ketogenic diet therapies are an increasingly utilized treatment option for adult and pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The two most common are the classic ketogenic diet, following a ratio of fat to combined protein and carbohydrates (typically 4:1), and the modified Atkins diet, limiting total carbohydrates to 10 to 30 g per day. Based on high-quality studies in pediatric patients, the classic ketogenic and modified Atkins diets show >50% reduction in seizure frequency in approximately 40 to 50% of patients. Although there are fewer overall and high-quality studies in adults, they show similar seizure efficacy rates, but notably high rates of noncompliance. In addition to improved seizure outcomes, ketogenic diet therapies have been associated with improved cognitive and quality of life measures. Ketogenic diet therapies are generally safe but require monitoring to ensure adequate growth and tolerance. The core of a ketogenic diet program is a well-trained multidisciplinary team, supported by operational and evidence-based protocols.
Change in Symptoms and Mucosal Findings after Proton Pump Inhibitor in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Park Min Woo , Kang Sin Jae , Wee Jee Hye
Published: February 2025

Introduction Although there are several reports of endoscopic findings of the larynx and esophagus in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients, little is known about the correlation between change in symptoms and laryngeal and esophageal mucosal findings after proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in symptoms and mucosal findings of the larynx and esophagus using transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) after PPI medication and to analyze their relationship in LPR patients.

Methods The current prospective study included 36 patients who complained of LPR symptoms. Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Score (RFS), and modified Los Angeles classification using TNE were obtained pretreatment and 8 weeks after treatment with PPIs.

Results Data from 22 patients who completed all examinations were analyzed. The mean age was 52.8 years, and 4 patients were men. The most common symptom was a globus sensation (54.6%). Both RSI (p < 0.001) and RFS (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after 8 weeks with PPI treatment. However, there was no correlation between improvement of RSI and RFS (p = 0.350). Thirteen patients showed improvement in esophageal findings. However, there was no significant association between improvement of esophageal findings and RSI (p = 0.350) or RFS (p = 0.376).

Conclusion Although PPI treatment improved LPR symptoms and endoscopic findings, the change in symptoms was not related to endoscopic mucosal findings in the larynx and esophagus.
Smart diapers: From wetness monitoring to early diagnosis
Authors: Hu Min , Lim Jia Wei , Yap Philip Lin Kiat , Ha Ngoc Huong Lien , Yeo Pei Shi , Xu Guolin , Deng Rensheng , Wee Shiou Liang , Ying Jackie Y.
Published: February 2025

Diaper dermatitis and associated infections are common problems that often afflict diaper wearers. These problems will become more prevalent in the future, as our population ages and more people need to wear diapers. An urgent solution is therefore needed to address these problems. Smart diapers have recently attracted much attention for their potential to significantly reduce the occurrence of diaper dermatitis and skin infections, by enabling timely change of soiled diapers via instant notification. Over the past decade, research has focused on the development of wearable technologies that facilitate the progress and commercialization of smart diaper products. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art development of smart diapers and alert systems, including sensing technologies, wireless communication protocols, and data processing strategies, as well as the extension of their capabilities from wetness monitoring to biomarker detection. Their advantages, drawbacks, and overall suitability for different groups of wearers are evaluated. We conclude by discussing the challenges, future research directions, and the potential use of smart diapers in the early diagnosis of diseases.
Gate-voltage control of anisotropic bilinear magnetoresistance at Rashba interfaces
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhang Jine , Han Furong , Chen Yuansha , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Zhao Weisheng , Sun Jirong , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2025

Bilinear magnetoresistance (BMR), exhibiting a linear response to magnetic field or applied current, has garnered significant attention in recent research. While most previous works have focused on isotropic BMR, arising from isotropic band structure or the spin Hall effect, we report on a strongly anisotropic BMR (ABMR) observed at the KTaO3 Rashba interface, characterized by a unique low-symmetry Fermi surface. For the first time, we have successfully achieved significant regulation of ABMR through the application of gate voltage. Our quantified analysis reveals a profound link between the tunable anisotropy in Rashba spin splitting and the precise modulation of the Fermi level filling, highlighting its central role in governing gate-modulated ABMR. Additionally, we introduce a rigorous physical model that provides a deep and nuanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying gate-voltage-controlled ABMR. This control over electronic processes in low-dimensional systems holds immense potential for both fundamental physics research and the development of advanced multi-channel spintronic devices.
Reconnection signatures in Kelvin–Helmholtz instability evolution in 2D PIC simulations
Authors: Ahmadi N. , Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Newman D. , Qi Y. , Germaschewski K. , Eriksson S. , Chasapis A. , Elkington S.
Published: February 2025

We performed 2D PIC simulations of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) with symmetric and asymmetric density and temperature profiles along the flow shear with primarily a northward interplanetary magnetic field with a small uniform in-plane field. The aim of this study is to understand the role and degree of magnetic reconnection in the evolution of the KHI. We use the magnetic flux transport method, field topology, and magnetic field minima to identify the reconnection X-lines. Magnetic reconnection signatures along with flow reversals at the vortex edges start to appear in the nonlinear phase of the KHI after the vortices have begun rolling up. The number of reconnection regions increases until turbulence develops. The signatures eventually decrease and finally disappear at the late stages of KHI. Our results qualitatively agree with MMS observations of reconnection signatures at the KHI, decreasing by distance, along the magnetospheric flanks.
Interfacial temperature difference driven water diffuse through nitrogen gas and nucleation on the nanostructured surfaces: Evolution of vapor condensation and theory prediction
Authors: Shen Jun-Feng , Wu Chun-Mei , Yu Jia-Jia , Li You-Rong
Published: February 2025

The atomic nucleation and steady condensation of water on both smooth and textured surfaces are thoroughly examined in this study using a series of molecular dynamics simulations. A comparable nucleation progression occurs across different temperature differences and nitrogen densities on smooth surfaces. The introduction of non-condensable gas leads to the formation of an extra diffusion layer, resulting in a linear rise in water density along the z-direction. Consequently, the corresponding steady-state condensation rate (J) decreases with the increase in nitrogen density. The tracking of water molecule trajectories verified that incorporating nanopillars on smooth surfaces promotes the collision of solid–vapor, thereby decreasing the probability of molecules reverting back to the gas phase after collision. These factors cumulatively contribute to an elevation in nucleation density and the steady-state condensation rate J. In the condensate, a greater concentration of hydrogen bonds near the nanostructure surface is observed compared to smooth surfaces, enhancing the energy transport across the solid–liquid interface. Additionally, the textured surface expands the area of solid–liquid interaction. Ultimately, although high-temperature vapor molecules accumulate more quickly on the textured subcooled surface, the condensate demonstrates a lower average temperature compared to that on the smooth surface. Combining Schrage relation and Stefan's law, a linear correlation between the steady-state condensation rate and temperature difference (ΔT) at the gas–liquid interface is predicted on the nanostructure surfaces in the presence of non-condensable nitrogen molecules.
A neural-network-based mixed model of the subgrid-scale stress for large-eddy simulation of forced isotropic turbulence
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Xinshang , Wang Shanfu , Lu Zhaolin , Zhang Kai , Li Dong
Published: February 2025

An artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to develop an accurate subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model for large-eddy simulation (LES) of forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The input variables considered include the filtered strain-rate tensor, the modified Leonard stress tensor, and a combination of them. The data for training the ANN are obtained from a direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible isotropic turbulence with linear forcing. Both a priori analysis and a posteriori calculation are conducted to evaluate the performance of ANN-based SGS models. It is demonstrated that incorporating the modified Leonard stress tensor into the network architecture significantly improves the predictive performance of ANN-based models. Moreover, the proposed ANN-based mixed SGS model is shown to outperform the traditional dynamic models, such as the dynamic Smagorinsky model, the dynamic Clark model, and the dynamic two-parameter mixed model. In addition, the developed ANN-based mixed model trained using only the database of forced isotropic turbulence performs well in LESs of the transient decaying turbulent flow and the Taylor–Green vortex flow with various Reynolds numbers.
Improving the hydraulic performance of aerated irrigation pipeline
Authors: Wei Chilin , Hao Ruichao , Zhu Delan , Khudayberdi Nazarov , Liu Changxin
Published: February 2025

The micro-irrigation aeration pipe network's ambiguous hydraulic characteristics are a critical factor limiting its further application in the agricultural field. To explore the variation law of hydraulic performance of a non-outlet pipe along aeration, the experiment was conducted to evaluate 24 working conditions consisting of eight kinds of aeration volume (0, 0.20, 0.42, 0.58, 0.75, 0.92, 1.08, and 1.33 m3/s) with three levels of pipe pressure heads (11, 17, and 22 m). On this basis, the theoretical formula of influencing factors of the head loss along the non-outlet pipe was studied using the volumetric stiffness analysis method, and the calculation method was established by combining the test data. At the same time, the hydraulic performance evaluation model of the aeration pipeline is based, and the optimal aeration irrigation condition is determined by principal component analysis. The results show that the water–gas ratio serves as a key regulating parameter in the gas-filling pipeline, and the flow coefficient can be increased by increasing the water–gas ratio, and the conveying energy of the aeration pipeline can be enhanced. The calculation model of the gas-filled pipeline's average flow, amplitude attenuation, and head loss is established. The results were satisfactory through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The hydraulic performance of the gas-filling pipeline is better than that of other treatments when the main pressure water head was 22 m and the water–gas ratio was 1.442–3.810. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the development of aerated irrigation pipelines worldwide.
An accelerated multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method for natural convection coupled with an improved U-net
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Xu Ying , Ke Zhaoqing , Huang Shuiyuan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2025

An improved U-net accelerated coupling model, tailored for multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM), is proposed in the current paper. The coupling model is employed to analyze the natural convection process with a protruded triangular thermal conductivity boundary on high-temperature wall in a square cavity. The acceleration effect of the coupling model is analyzed and compared under different arrangements of the thermal conductivity triangle at several positions (Lc), varying hypotenuse lengths (Lb), and different Rayleigh number (Ra), leading to the following significant findings: The application of the coupling model with different Lc results in significant improvements in convergence iteration steps and computation time, achieving the maximum efficiencies improvement of 16.77% and 19.03%, respectively. Then, the coupling model demonstrates an enhanced efficiency of up to 19.31% and 27.33% in terms of convergence iteration steps and computation time, respectively, when considering Lb variations; When the coupling model is applied in different Ra conditions, the efficiency of converging number and computation time is improved by 25.9% and 25.44%, respectively. Additionally, the maximum relative error of the average Nu numbers under different Lc, Lb, and Ra conditions is 0.66%, 0.89%, and 0.77%, respectively (all less than 1%), which indicates that the model has high generalization performance and accuracy and provides an effective reference for the acceleration of MRT-LBM.
Hydrodynamic performance and pursuit mechanisms of dual self-propelling fish in different queue modes
Authors: Ou Chuanzhong , Shi Fulong , Xin Jianjian , Chang Xing , Li Zhiwei , Tian Yu
Published: February 2025

In this study, a computational fluid dynamics model is employed to investigate the influence of different flocking behaviors on the hydrodynamic performance of dual-fish propulsion systems. The primary objective is to understand how the varying initial spacing affects propulsion efficiency and group dynamics. The results indicate that a compact arrangement enhances the thrust and efficiency owing to hydrodynamic interference, with a maximum thrust improvement of 42% and an efficiency gain of 13% when fish are in tandem. However, excessively small spacing can reduce speed and displacement. Optimal conditions occur when the longitudinal spacing (Gx/L ≥ 1.0) and lateral spacing (Gy/L ≤ 0.5) are maintained, resulting in a 7% increase in speed and displacement. This study identifies three pursuit mechanisms based on displacement variations, highlighting a periodic “saturation” phenomenon where fish maintain a stable parallel formation. Furthermore, the pursuit mechanism between the two fish is categorized into three types. In mechanism I, the displacement of fish #1 decreases, whereas that of fish #2 increases. Both fish experience reduced displacement in mechanism II and they exhibit increased displacement in mechanism III. These findings suggest that adjusting the interspacing in biomimetic propulsor clusters can enhance the group propulsion efficiency and stability, providing insight into underwater behavioral control and biomimetic engineering applications.
Phase change materials in fluid–structure interaction within microchannel: A numerical and deep learning approach
Authors: Rashid Umair , Ullah Naeem , Wang Qingyuan , Yang Kun
Published: February 2025

Microchannels have revolutionized fields such as chemical analysis, drug delivery, and diagnostics, by offering enhanced control over fluid flows at microscale dimensions. The behavior of fluids in microchannels, governed by principles like viscous and capillary forces, differs significantly from macroscopic flows, and these differences have implications for fluid–structure interaction as well. Microchannel geometries often involve thin walls, making them susceptible to deformation under fluid-induced stresses. This interplay between fluid flow and structural mechanics introduces complex phenomena such as fluid-induced vibrations, instabilities, and alterations in flow patterns. This study evaluates fluid–structure interaction involving nano-encapsulated phase change materials in the existence of a flexible fine structure at the base of a microchannel. The boundaries of microchannel are supposed rigid, while the fin is elastic. The versatile finite element method is implemented to numerically evaluate the partial differential equation of phase change materials fluid flow and heat transfer. A grid refinement and validation test are conducted using a convolutional neural network, and a convolutional neural network with bidirectional gated recurrent unit assures the accuracy of the numerical results. Moreover, the results demonstrate that suspending the viscosity of nano-encapsulated phase change materials in water significantly enhances heat transfer during fluid–structure interaction within the microchannel.
Physics-aware machine learning for computational fluid dynamics surrogate model to estimate ventilation performance
Authors: Kim Munho , Chau Ngan-Khanh , Park Sujin , Nguyen Phong C. H. , Baek Stephen S. , Choi Sanghun
Published: February 2025

Despite substantial advances in numerical simulation techniques, constructing a real-time optimization framework with accurate and fast predictions remains challenging. The difficulty arises from significant computational costs required for estimating a response of complex simulation models. Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) models could be an efficient alternative to solving multiple partial differential equations when boundary conditions change. This study aims to introduce an optimization model combined with a PIML algorithm, called physics-aware recurrent convolutional network (PARC), to explore an optimal ventilation efficiency in a confined engine room space during shipbuilding. Sixty computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to generate mean age of air (MAA) field data, which were split into training (45 cases), validation (5 cases), and testing (10 cases) datasets. Engine room structures and fan configurations were incorporated into the PARC model through a shape descriptor neural network, while MAA data were used to train the PARC model. The PARC model accurately predicted the temporal evolution of the MAA field, capturing complex ventilation fan information with an average prediction error of 1.5% at the final time step. Furthermore, the trained PARC model was coupled with the Bayesian optimization (BO) to explore the optimal ventilation efficiency. The results indicated that the optimized fan configurations reduced MAA values by up to 4.5%. The PARC-BO integrated framework offers a rapid and effective method for identifying fan configurations to enhance ventilation efficiency. It has potential applications in various industrial settings requiring improved air quality, such as power plants and coal mines.
Experimental study of bubble flow dynamics in an asymmetric hierarchical porous structure
Authors: Xu Ran , Chen Chengcheng , Wang Bin , Miao Wubing , Zhang Meng , Wu Jingyi , Yang Guang
Published: February 2025

Porous media have been widely used for liquid–gas separation, benefiting from the strong capillary force generated by micro/nanoscale pores. Understanding the flow characteristics at the pore scale is important for the design of porous structures. In this study, the flow mechanisms of an isolated bubble in an asymmetric hierarchical pore were investigated by high-speed flow visualization and microscopic particle image velocimetry (Micro-PIV). The influence of the hierarchical pore on the flow field in the liquid and the dynamics of bubble penetration was investigated using isopropyl alcohol as the test liquid and polydimethylsiloxane micromodels. The critical pressure for the bubble to break through the pore was determined. The results show that the presence of secondary microstructure can increase the critical bubble point pressure by 79.7%. Meanwhile, the attack angle of the microstructure affects the critical pressure differently by changing the pinning effect, the curvature of the bubble as well as the flow field. The results of this work could provide guidance for optimizing the design of porous media for efficient gas–liquid separation.
Numerical simulation and verification of acoustic–fluid coupling in multi-source ultrasound enhancement processes
Authors: Wang Zeying , Lin Guo , Hu Tu , Gao Yinghui , Han Shuo , Zhu Jiayu , Wang Shixing , Li Shiwei , Zhang Libo
Published: February 2025

This study explores the innovative use of ultrasonic technology in process intensification using COMSOL multi-physics simulation. It investigates the effects of ultrasonic parameters like power (60–320 W), frequency (20–40 kHz), and horn diameter (8–30 mm) on sound-field distribution, fluid dynamics, and cavitation. The optimal frequency for sound-field uniformity and cavitation was found to be 28 kHz, with a maximum flow velocity of 0.352 mm/s. Increasing power from 60 to 320 W raised the maximum sound pressure from 1.05 × 105 to 2.43 × 106 Pa and cavitation area volume fraction from 2% to 17%. The horn diameter significantly influences sound wave diffusion and energy distribution, with larger diameters providing a higher energy density and covering larger areas with increased flow rates. Using multiple ultrasound sources enhances the acoustic and flow fields over a larger area. The simulation model's feasibility was confirmed through ultrasonic-enhanced ZnO crushing experiments with varying horn diameters. This research provides a scientific basis for optimizing ultrasonic process intensification, advancing theories on ultrasound-enhanced mass transfer and chemical reaction efficiency, and holds potential for improving the greening and efficiency of hydrometallurgical technologies.
Water cataracts and the “shortest-time descent” curve (Brachistochrone) as one natural phenomenon
Authors: Bejan Adrian
Published: February 2025

This article unveils the connection between design in nature and a classic mathematics problem from 1696 to 1697: the brachistochrone. Some flow designs seem to act as obstacles to flow (cataracts, waterfalls, and roll waves), in contradiction with the natural tendency to facilitate flow (round ducts, bifurcated channels, animal speeds, and frequencies). The brachistochrone problem is to determine the curve of shortest-time descent without friction. The connection communicated in this article is that cataracts, roll waves, and the curve of shortest-time descent are about one natural phenomenon, which is predictable. This is demonstrated by comparing two ways for water to flow downhill: (i) on a stepped path (free fall over a dam, followed by accumulation in a large and nearly stagnant pool) and (ii) on a straight incline. We find that (i) is faster than (ii). In conclusion, brachistochrone-like paths are naturally occurring flow configurations, in accord with common observations of natural flow configurations that facilitate access.
Out-of-distribution generalization via composition: A lens through induction heads in Transformers
Authors: Song Jiajun , Xu Zhuoyan , Zhong Yiqiao
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 sometimes appear to be creative, solving novel tasks often with a few demonstrations in the prompt. These tasks require the models to generalize on distributions different from those from training data—which is known as out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. Despite the tremendous success of LLMs, how they approach OOD generalization remains an open and underexplored question. We examine OOD generalization in settings where instances are generated according to hidden rules, including in-context learning with symbolic reasoning. Models are required to infer the hidden rules behind input prompts without any fine-tuning. We empirically examined the training dynamics of Transformers on a synthetic example and conducted extensive experiments on a variety of pretrained LLMs, focusing on a type of component known as induction heads. We found that OOD generalization and composition are tied together—models can learn rules by composing two self-attention layers, thereby achieving OOD generalization. Furthermore, a shared latent subspace in the embedding (or feature) space acts as a bridge for composition by aligning early layers and later layers, which we refer to as the common bridge representation hypothesis.
Technology-enhanced pragmatic instruction
Authors: González-Lloret Marta
Published: February 2025

Developing pragmatic competence in another language is not an easy task for language learners, especially in
foreign language settings which are deprived of real and rich interactions with different speakers of the target language in a
variety of contexts. For more than a decade, researchers of L2+ pragmatics have proposed that technology and technology-mediated
environments can expose students to a large variety of context and interactional practices to enhance their pragmatic awareness
and develop their pragmatic competence. This article reviews studies that have investigated the potential of teaching pragmatic
features with technology using a variety of tools (e.g., email; text-, audio-, and video-based computer-mediated communication;
social networks; simulations; virtual environments; games) to summarize the findings of the field so far. The article also poses
some questions that still need to be addressed and suggests future directions for research within the ever-evolving world of
technology.
Effects of oral corrective feedback combined with explicit instruction on EFL learners’ recognition and production of
English requests
Authors: Pham Hanh Thi , Petraki Eleni , Nguyen Minh Thi Thuy
Published: February 2025

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of four oral corrective feedback (OCF) types, namely
recast, clarification request, explicit correction, and metalinguistic clues, on the acquisition of English requests by low
intermediate Vietnamese university learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) (N = 122) in the context of
explicit pragmatic instruction. The control and four treatment groups received six hours of explicit instruction on English
requests. Each treatment group received one of the four OCF types. Data were collected using role plays (RP), pragmatic judgment
tasks (JT), and journals from the learners after each session. The results demonstrate that all five groups significantly improved
their posttest performance in both the JT and RP, and these gains were retained by the time of the delayed posttest, but there
were no statistically significant differences among the groups. However, Cohen’s d effect sizes indicate that
metalinguistic clues produced the largest gains in the learners’ pragmatic recognition and production, while recasts produced the
smallest gains for pragmatic recognition but a similar effect to metalinguistic clues for pragmatic production. The results
suggest that teachers should be judicious in selecting the OCF type that suits their instructional goal and task.
Mothers adjust their demonstrations based on children’s imitation task performance
Authors: Nagata Kaori , Hiraki Kazuo
Published: February 2025

As children grow, they increasingly encounter situations requiring them to follow multiple steps to manipulate
objects or perform actions. This study examines how caregivers adjust their instructional behavior when a child fails to correctly
execute part of a multi-step procedure. Thirty-two mothers demonstrated to their 2–3-year-old children how to use a novel toy with
three action sequences. A motion capture system measured the movements of each mother’s hand during demonstrations to assess
whether mothers modulated their motions during each manipulation phase. Analyses revealed that mothers changed their
demonstrations depending on their children’s imitation task performance. Specifically, mothers shortened their demonstrations for
the parts that the children could perform and emphasized their movements for the parts that the children could not perform. This
study reveal that, unlike in previous studies, infant-directed actions may contain strategies that are more understandable to
children depending on the purpose of the action.
Num-Cl adjacency and the morphological movement of numerals in Mandarin
Authors: Ran Chen
Published: February 2025

In Chinese, numerals and classifiers are in principle adjacent to each other, forming a prosodic unit. Apparent
violation of Num-Cl adjacency is observed when a zero-level adjective modifies the classifier. Such violation is not observed when
the adjectives are phrasal. The current study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of different conditions of Num-Cl
Adjacency constraints in Mandarin. Specifically, this paper proposes that the Num-Cl adjacency effect is reducible to the numeral
lowering at PF, which is motivated by the morphological dependency of numerals rather than a requirement on the linear relation
between numerals and classifiers. This analysis accounts for all observations regarding word order between the numeral, the
classifier, and the different types of adjectives in a unified way. In addition, it is shown that the numeral-lowering analysis is
also applicable to complex numerals and can solve the problem of some approximant numerals.