bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Isotope Signatures Illuminate Diverse Nutritional Strategies in Rhizoctonias and Their Orchid Partners
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Matsubayashi Jun , Okada Hidehito
Published: October 2024

Understanding the nutritional ecology of orchids, particularly those in symbiosis with rhizoctonias, presents a complex challenge. This complexity arises partly from the absence of macroscopic fruit bodies in rhizoctonias, which impedes the acquisition of their stable isotope data. In this study, we investigated the fungal associations and isotopic signatures in the pelotons of Stigmatodactylus sikokianus (associated with non‐ectomycorrhizal [non‐ECM] rhizoctonias) and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana (associated with ECM rhizoctonias). Our research reveals elevated levels of 13C enrichment in S. sikokianus plants and their pelotons, similar to those found in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids and their mycobionts. Interestingly, C. shikokiana plants and their pelotons exhibited even higher levels of 13C and 15N enrichment than many other fully mycoheterotrophic species. Our findings imply that both ECM and saprotrophic mycobionts, including certain rhizoctonias, can fulfill the carbon needs of highly mycoheterotrophic orchids. This finding also indicates that 13C enrichment can be an indicator of mycoheterotrophy in at least some rhizoctonia‐associated orchids, despite the typically low 13C enrichment in non‐ECM rhizoctonias. Our demonstration of partial mycoheterotrophy in S. sikokianus suggests a broader prevalence of this nutritional strategy among orchids, given that almost all orchids are associated with non‐ECM rhizoctonias.
CRISPR/Cas‐Mediated Gene Editing in Plant Immunity and Its Potential for the Future Development of Fungal, Oomycete, and Bacterial Pathogen‐Resistant Pulse Crops
Authors: Singer Stacy D. , Mukthar Mohammed M. , Subedi Udaya , Poudel Hari , Chen Guanqun , Foroud Nora , Chatterton Syama
Published: October 2024

Pulses provide myriad health benefits and are advantageous in an environmental context as a result of their leguminous nature. However, phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria pose a substantial threat to pulse production, at times leading to crop failure. Unfortunately, existing disease management strategies often provide insufficient control, and there is a clear need for the development of new pulse cultivars with durable and broad‐spectrum disease resistance. CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing has proven its potential for rapidly enhancing disease resistance in many plant species. However, this tool has only very recently been applied in pulse species, and never in the context of plant immunity. In this review, we examine the recent successful utilization of this technology in pulse species for proof‐of‐concept or the improvement of other traits. In addition, we consider various genes that have been edited in other plant species to reduce susceptibility to pathogens, and discuss current knowledge regarding their roles in pulses. Given the functional conservation of the selected genes across diverse plant species, there is a high likelihood that their editing would elicit similar effects in non‐oilseed grain legumes, thus providing a suite of potential targets for CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing to promote pulse crop productivity in coming years.
“Trust Women”: Characteristics of and learnings from patients of a Shield Law medication abortion practice in the United States
Authors: Foster Angel M. , Mark Alice , Drouillard Kyle J. , Paul Maureen , Yanow Susan , Shahi Sarah , Suvarna Dipesh , Peña Andrea
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The 2022 Massachusetts Shield Law protects telemedicine providers who care for abortion seekers in other states from criminal, civil, and licensure penalties. In this article we explore the characteristics of patients of The Massachusetts Medication Abortion Access Project (The MAP).

Methods

The MAP is an asynchronous telemedicine service that offers mifepristone/misoprostol to abortion seekers in all 50 states who are at or under 11 weeks pregnancy gestation on initial intake. The MAP charges USD250 using a pay‐what‐you‐can model. We analyzed medical questionnaires and payments submitted by patients who received care from The MAP during its first 6 months of operations using descriptive statistics and for content and themes.

Results

From October 1, 2023–March 31, 2024, 1994 patients accessed care through The MAP. Almost all (n = 1973, 99%) identified as women/girls and about half (n = 984, 49%) were aged 20–29. The MAP cared for patients in 45 states; 84% (n = 1672) of these patients received pills in abortion ban or restricted southern states. Patients paid USD134.50 on average; 29% (n = 577) paid USD25 or less. Nearly two‐thirds (n = 1293, 65%) received subsidized care; financial hardship featured prominently in patient comments.

Discussion

Considerable demand exists for medication abortion care from Shield Law providers. The MAP demonstrates that providers can trust women and other pregnancy capable people to decide for themselves whether to obtain medication abortion pills by mail and to pay what they can afford without being required to justify their need. Identifying ways to support Shield Law provision and further subsidize abortion care are needed.
Surface Strain Measurement for Non-Intrusive Internal Pressure Evaluation of a Cannon
Authors: Rausch Brennan , de Clerck Albrey , Kang Yuhong , Mao Shuo , Jones Noah , Ruan Hang , Ng Wing F.
Published: October 2024

Recent cutting-edge designs for gun barrels, projectiles, and propellants require testing, such as measuring the internal pressure during firing. However, there are concerns with the current drilling method to mount pressure transducers near the breech and chamber of the gun barrel where pressure is highest. To address this challenge, the team hereby presents an alternative, nonintrusive strain measurement method. This method focuses on determining the feasibility and accuracy of relating tangential strain along the sidewall of a gun barrel to the drastic internal pressure rise created during combustion. A transient structural, numerical model of a 155 mm gun barrel was created using ansys. The pressure was derived using the outline in Interior Ballistics of High Velocity Guns, version 2, and the model was validated using published experimental tangential strain testing data from a gun of the same caliber. The model was then used to demonstrate the ideal location for strain measurement along the sidewall of the chamber. Furthermore, three different pressure ranges were simulated in the model. The behavior of the tangential strain in each case indicates a similar trend to the internal pressure rise and oscillation due to a dominant frequency of the barrel. A method to predict internal pressure from external tangential strain was developed. The internal pressure predicted is within 4% of the pressure applied in the model. In the sensitivity study, the thickness and elastic modulus of the gun barrel were found to be the primary factors affecting tangential strain. Overall, this work helps to understand tangential strain behavior on the sidewall of a large-caliber gun barrel and lays the ground for an accurate prediction of internal pressure from external tangential strain.
Stress Evaluation of Ferromagnetic Materials Based on a New Barkhausen Noise Sensor Composed by High Entropy Alloy Magnetic Core
Authors: Qian Zhengchun , Dong Yawen , Yang Chaolin , Zhang Wei , Xu Ruifeng , Chen Zhaoguo , Xu Hongmeng , Cheng Huanbo , Huang Haihong
Published: October 2024

During the service of ferromagnetic structural steel materials, stress should be evaluated accurately. Although the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) testing has the ability to sense stress, it can be easily interfered with by environment. In this paper, a new MBN sensor is fabricated by selecting FeCoNi(AlMn)0.25 high entropy alloy (HEA) as the case of magnetic core to improve the accuracy of stress evaluation. The process optimization results show that the stability of MBN signal characteristics is the largest when the excitation frequency is 4 Hz and the voltage is 6 V. The signal-to-noise ratio of MBN indicates that the HEA and Ni-Zn ferrite probes have better anti-interference capability. The MBN signal characteristic values peak voltage and root mean square measured by the HEA probe can linearly quantify the stress level with higher efficiency, stability, and accuracy. The underlying reason of high sensitivity of HEA probe to the variation of MBN signals is revealed based on the magnetic properties. The microstructure and the thermodynamic parameters are analyzed to clarify whether the additions of Al and Mn atoms can affect the short-ranged magnetic exchange interaction and lattice distortion, which affects the magnetization behavior of HEA. Finally, the availability of MBN sensor with HEA magnetic core to the stress evaluation on the retired slide rails of car seats is conducted, which demonstrates its great application value.
Slamming characteristics of a rigid wedge during symmetric and asymmetric water entry
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Li Hui , Han Bingbing , Jia Ziyi , Yao Wenhao
Published: October 2024

The slamming behavior of structures entering water is crucial for understanding wave loads on marine structures. To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vertical symmetric and asymmetric water slamming loads on wedges, a series of tests were conducted on rigid wedges with deadrises of 20° and 30°. During asymmetric water entry, the wedge was heeled by 5° and 10° along the Z-axis. The experimental results indicate that velocity loss and the pressure error is less than 5%. Furthermore, the peak pressure decreases with the effective deadrise increase. The analysis is discussed in the paper. The slamming behavior of structures entering water is crucial for understanding wave loads on marine structures. To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ver-tical symmetric and asymmetric water slamming loads on wedges, a series of tests were conducted on rigid wedges with deadrises of 20° and 30°. During asymmetric water entry, the wedge was heeled by 5° and 10° along the Z-axis. The experimental results indicate that velocity loss and the pressure error is less than 5%. Furthermore, the peak pressure decreases with the effective deadrise increase. Relevant quantitative analysis is discussed in the article.
Layout Optimization of Wave Energy Park Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Guo Xinhai , Liu Yao , Zhang Xinshu
Published: October 2024

In this paper, both semi-analytical method and numerical simulation is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of large arrays of point-absorber wave energy converters (WECs). To analyze wave interactions among multiple WECs within an array, a semi-analytical model is developed based on the potential flow theory and the matched eigen-function expansions method. The fluid domain is divided into two kinds of regions: interior regions underneath the cylinders and an exterior region surrounding all the cylinders. The matched eigen-function expansions method is employed to solve the radiation potential problem in each domain, and the hydrodynamic coefficients and motion response of the cylinders in the array are evaluated. To validate the accuracy of the semi-analytical method, wamit is adopted to simulate the wave energy park numerically and compared with the results by the semi-analytical model. The hydrodynamic characteristics and power absorption performance of the WECs within the wave energy park are analyzed. The power performance of a wave energy park is studied as functions of layout geometry, incident wave direction, and separation distance between WECs respectively. Finally, multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on a surrogate model is used to optimize the layout of wave energy array.
The sex-dependent weight of autoimmunity
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: October 2024

Obesity exacerbates inflammation to a greater extent in female patients and mice with multiple sclerosis.
Development of low-cost ultrasound-guided cannulation models
Authors: Jones Alice May , Dowdall Katherine , Ahmed Arslan , Hardy Amy , Hickton Julia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Ultrasound-guided cannulation is a valuable clinical skill, however, commercial training models are often expensive, posing barriers for departments that cannot afford them and reluctance to loan models from those who can. To address this, we developed an affordable, effective model using agar-agar and latex balloons filled with ultrasound gel which replicates the ultrasound appearance and tactile feedback necessary for skill development.

Methods

We considered various materials for the primary medium, including meat, gelatin and agar-agar, ultimately selecting agar-agar for its favourable properties. Concentrations from 1 g/100 mL to 10 g/100 mL were tested. For mock vessels, we considered silicone and latex Foley catheters, as well as latex balloons filled with air, water or ultrasound gel. Drill bits of varying sizes were used to create openings in plastic containers for mock vessel insertion. The use of red dye was also explored to simulate flashback.

Results

The 8 g/100 mL agar-agar concentration provided the most realistic ultrasound appearance and resistance during cannulation. Higher concentrations resulted in a tough, crack-prone consistency, while lower concentrations lacked structural integrity. Adding 40 mL of disinfectant reduced mould and produced an opaque medium. Latex balloons filled with ultrasound gel demonstrated minimal shadowing and were easily inserted and removed. A 6 mm wood drill bit was used for creating suitable vessel insertion points.

Conclusion

This cost-effective model offers a valuable practical solution for simulating ultrasound-guided cannulation. Our step-by-step guide facilitates easy replication, meeting the need for affordable training tools in medical education and paving the way for further advancements in low-cost simulation models.
SoccHealth: a health status examination of former professional football (soccer) players within the German National Cohort
Authors: Berger Klaus , Baurecht Hansjoerg , Stein Michael , Heise Jana-Kristin , Castell Stefanie , Weisser Linda , Schikowski Tamara , Oliver Kuss , Lieb Wolfgang , Micolajczyk Rafael , Kluttig Alexander , Schmitt Börge , Stang Andreas , Pischon Tobias , Peters Annette , Brenner Hermann , Leitzmann Michael , Krist Lilian , Keil Thomas , Karch André , Meyer Tim
Published: October 2024

The long-term health effects of football (soccer) have received significant attention in recent years. While brain health is currently the focus of this interest, potential long-term risks or benefits related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and cancer are also of interest to sports medicine professionals. However, studies assessing the overall health risks for professional football players remain scarce. We introduce ‘SoccHealth’, a satellite project to the German National Cohort (NAKO), Germany’s largest population-based cohort study. SoccHealth examined 348 former professional football players aged 40–69 using the infrastructure and comprehensive examination programme of NAKO. The German Statutory Accidental Insurance for Professional Athletes identified and invited male players, while female players were recruited among former national team members. Details of the examination programme and the sociodemographic and career-related characteristics of the participants are described. The identical examination programme for the NAKO participants provides the opportunity to draw general population controls according to various definitions and focus on the respective research question to be analysed. This report delineates one approach to evaluate the long-term health effects of football across a broad range of diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 spike aggravates lupus nephritis and lung fibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lee Yeon Su , Woo Jin Seok , Jhun JooYeon , Choi Jeong Won , Lee A Ram , Lee Kun Hee , Choi Haeyoun , Park Sung-Hwan , Cho Mi-La
Published: October 2024

Objective

COVID-19 induces the development of autoimmune diseases, including SLE, which are characterised by inflammation, autoantibodies and thrombosis. However, the effects of COVID-19 on SLE remain unclear.

Methods

We investigated the effects of COVID-19 on SLE development and progression in three animal models. Plasmids encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 receptor were injected into R848-induced BALB/C lupus mice, R848-induced IL-1 receptor antagonist knockout (KO) lupus mice and MRL/lpr mice. Serum levels of albumin and autoantibodies, lymphocyte phenotypes and tissue histology were evaluated.

Results

In R848-induced BALB/C lupus mice, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein increased autoantibody and albumin levels compared with vehicle and mock treatments. These mice also exhibited splenomegaly, which was further exacerbated by the spike protein. Flow cytometric analysis revealed elevated T helper 1 cell counts, and histological analysis indicated increased levels of the fibrosis marker protein α-smooth muscle actin. In KO mice, the spike protein induced splenomegaly, severe kidney damage and pronounced lung fibrosis. In the MRL/lpr group, spike protein increased the serum levels of autoantibodies, albumin and the thrombosis marker chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4.

Conclusion

COVID-19 accelerated the development and progression of lupus by inducing autoantibody production, fibrosis and thrombosis.
Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution on the Natural Frequency of Concrete Girder Bridges
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Xu Mingshan , Xia Yong , Zhang Yao
Published: October 2024

Structural dynamic properties like frequencies and mode shapes have been widely adopted for bridge condition assessment and damage identification. One of the main challenges lies in environmental factors, particularly the varying temperature, which significantly influences the bridge’s natural frequencies. In some cases, the effect of temperature changes can be comparable to, or even exceed, the effect caused by damage, rendering the damage identification methods ineffective. This study investigates the influence of the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution, as a result of surrounding environmental factors, on the frequency of concrete girder bridges. A theoretical analysis is conducted to derive the bridge’s frequencies considering the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution. The upper and lower bounds of the frequencies are developed by using only the environmental temperature and the largest temperature gradient defined by codes. More importantly, the damage to the bridge can be detected if the frequencies exceed the bounds for a certain period. This approach is convenient and practical in real applications without embedding thermocouples in the main girder. Numerical simulations, laboratory experimental tests, and field measurements are carried out to validate the derived frequency considering the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution as well as the upper and lower bounds of the frequency. In particular, the results of the Z24 bridge show that when the bridge is damaged, the measured frequency exceeds the bound continuously, verifying the capability of the developed upper and lower bounds to evaluate bridge conditions.
A Novel, Autonomous, Module-Based Surgical Lighting System
Authors: Mühlenbrock Andre , Huscher Hendrik , Uslar Verena Nicole , Cetin Timur , Weller Rene , Weyhe Dirk , Zachmann Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Optimal illumination of the surgical site is crucial for successful surgeries. Current lighting systems, however, suffer from significant drawbacks, particularly shadows cast by surgeons and operating room personnel. We introduce an innovative, module-based lighting system that actively prevents shadows using an array of swiveling, ceiling-mounted light modules. The intensity and orientation of these modules are autonomously controlled by novel algorithms utilizing multiple depth sensors mounted above the operating table. This article presents our complete system, detailing the algorithms for autonomous control and the initial optimization of the light module setup. Unlike prior work that was largely conceptual and based on simulations, this study introduces a real prototype featuring 56 light modules and three depth sensors. We evaluate this prototype through measurements, semi-structured interviews (
n

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4), and an extensive quantitative user study (
n

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11). The evaluation focuses on illumination quality, shadow elimination, and suitability for open surgeries compared to conventional OR lights. Our results demonstrate that the novel lighting system and optimization algorithms outperform conventional OR lights for abdominal surgeries, according to both objective measures and subjective ratings by surgeons.
MCAP: Low-Pass GNNs with Matrix Completion for Academic Recommendations
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zheng Shaojie , Zhu Yifan , Yuan Huihui , Gong Jibing , Tang Jie
Published: October 2024

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly used and have shown promising performance in recommendation systems. A major branch, heterogeneous GNNs, models heterogeneous information by leveraging side information for academic paper recommendations. These networks use message passing and high-order propagation to learn representations for users and items. However, existing recommendation methods perform high-order propagation, leading to sub-optimal representation learning. To address this issue, this article proposes a framework called MCAP, which uses relation-aware GNNs and executes low-pass propagation with matrix completion to enhance academic paper recommendations. The framework uses an attention mechanism to learn top-

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relationships by constructing a user–user relation graph based on common authors and venues from interacted items. To efficiently and effectively capture semantic-aware similar items, MCAP builds an item–item relation graph by fusing side information of papers using text embedding models (e.g., Mistral) and large language models (e.g., GPT-3.5-Turbo, GLM-4). Finally, the relation-aware user–user and item–item graphs are incorporated into existing GNN-based models to generate representations of users and papers to enhance academic paper recommendations. The effectiveness of the MCAP is validated using four academic datasets, AMiner-PC, AMiner-WeChat, CiteULike, and DBLP, with user–item interactions and side information of papers. Comprehensive experiments show that the MCAP outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of Recall@5, NDCG@5, and HR@5 with 69.2%, 70.5%, and 77.6% on the AMiner-WeChat dataset. The code for MCAP is available at
https://github.com/THUDM/MCAP
.
A Systematic Review of Privacy Policy Literature
Authors: Javed Yousra , Sajid Ayesha
Published: October 2024

An organization’s privacy policy states how it collects, stores, processes, and shares its users’ personal information. The growing number of data protection laws and regulations, as well as the numerous sectors where the organizations are collecting user information, has led to the investigation of privacy policies with regards to their accessibility, readability, completeness, comparison with organization’s actual data practices, use of machine learning/natural language processing for automated analysis, and comprehension/perception/concerns of end-users via summarization/visualization tools and user studies. However, there is limited work on systematically reviewing the existing research on this topic. We address this gap by conducting a systematic review of the existing privacy policy literature. To this end, we compiled and analyzed 202 papers (published till 31st December, 2023) that investigated privacy policies. Our work advances the field of privacy policies by summarizing the analysis techniques that have been used to study them, the data protection laws/regulations explored, and the sectors to which these policies pertain. We provide actionable insights for organizations to achieve better end-user privacy.
The Perfect Score Function and Optimized Weighted Geometric Operator for Ranking Single‐Valued Neutrosophic Numbers in the Decision‐Making Process
Authors: Jaikumar R. V. , Raman Sundareswaran , Alsinai Ammar , Marayanagaraj Shanmugapriya
Published: October 2024

The single‐valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is a more common platform for representing the degree of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity memberships. Indeterminacy is an important aspect of SVNS, and the score function (SF) is important in ranking alternatives in decision‐making scenarios. When the score and accuracy values for different SVNNs were equal, existing SFs were unable to rank the alternatives. To address the limitations, this paper introduces the perfect score function (PSF) as a solution for ranking single‐valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs) without any errors and presents the concepts of strong and weak SVNSs. This article has emphasized the drawbacks of the existing SF in SVNNs. Additionally, we propose an optimized weighted geometric operator (OWGO) for SVNNs, and its properties such as idempotency, boundedness, monotonicity, and commutativity are explored. Furthermore, the decision‐making approach has been depicted based on the proposed score function and OWGO to select the finest faculty for a university.
Structural Characterization and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Novel Acidic Polysaccharides from Laoshan Black Tea
Authors: Gao Hong , Wang Rongshen , Wang Yuxin , Li Huiting , Lan Shuying , Zhao Mengyao , Liu Xiaoxiao , Li Wanzhong
Published: October 2024

In LPS‐stimulated mouse inflammation model, Laoshan black tea polysaccharides (BTPSs) showed significant anti‐inflammatory activity. Three water‐soluble acidic polysaccharides (BTPS 3‐1, BTPS 3‐2, and BTPS 3‐3) were purified. They contained glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), fucose (Fuc), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and mannose (Man) at molar ratios of 9.0 : 4.9 : 4.9 : 1.7 : 1.5 : 1.0, 9.5 : 5.3 : 4.9 : 1.7 : 1.6 : 1.0, and 5.3 : 3.5 : 2.0 : 2.1 : 0.9 : 1.0 with average molecular weights of 28.38, 14.39, and 11.00 kDa, respectively. Three polysaccharides reduced the levels of NO, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells, and BTPS 3‐2 had the strongest anti‐inflammatory effects. Based on analyses of the monosaccharide composition, methylation, and NMR, the main chain of BTPS 3‐2 was composed of ⟶4) ‐β‐D‐Glcp‐ (1⟶, ⟶2) ‐α‐L‐Fucp‐ (1⟶, and ⟶6) ‐β‐D‐Galp‐ (1⟶, and Rhap, GlcpA, and Manp units were attached as side chains to the backbone. BTPS 3‐2 also downregulated the expression levels of p‐NF‐κB p65, p‐IκBα, TLR4, MyD88, COX‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. BTPS 3‐2 ameliorated LPS‐induced inflammation by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Multifocality and Detectability of Prostate Cancer with 3‐Tesla Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Correlation with Radical Prostatectomy Mapping Histopathology
Authors: Karadağ Serdar , Özlü Deniz Noyan , Hacıislamoğlu Ahmet , Yıldız Ömer , Baytekin Halil Fırat , Ekşi Mithat , Polat Hakan , Bitkin Alper , Taşçı Ali İhsan
Published: October 2024

Background. We aimed to determine the multifocality and detectability of prostate cancer (Pca) with 3‐Tesla (3T) multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Methods. The data of the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in our institution between April 2020 and April 2021 were analyzed. Patients were included in the study at the stage of radical prostatectomy. Demographic and histopathological data were retrospectively collected, and then MRIs of eligible patients were re‐evaluated for the study. Suspicious regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated by a radiologist with 4 years of experience in uroradiology and scored based on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) v2.1. The reader was blinded to the pathological outcomes of any biopsy specimen. Lesions with a PIRADS score ≥3 were considered positive and included in the study. All cases were evaluated histopathologically by a pathologist with ten years of experience in uropathology. We utilized the mapping method which provided exactly the same information as the whole‐mount histopathology along with processing the entire prostatectomy specimen. Results. A total of 142 histopathologic tumoral lesions were detected among 70 patients. In relation to postoperative histopathology, tumor multifocality was established in 78.6% (n = 55), and 52.1% (n = 74) of 142 foci recognized were clinically significant. By detecting a total of 67 lesions, mpMRI showed an overall sensitivity of 47%. Whilst the sensitivity was 73% (54/74) in clinically significant lesions, the sensitivity was only 17.6% (12/68) in clinically insignificant lesions. For the group with detected tumors, the mean prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density were higher, there were more high‐grade lesions, and the rate of the extraprostatic extension was significantly greater (p < 0.05, respectively). According to the multivariate analysis, only tumor size and Gleason Score (GS) were independent predictors regarding the ability of mpMRI to detect tumor foci within the prostate (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. mpMRI exhibited an acceptable sensitivity in detecting high‐risk and large Pca foci. The diagnostic accuracy is observed to be markedly diminished in small, low GS, and nonindex tumors. A considerable percentage of missed lesions are clinically significant.
The Combined Effect of Green Tea, Saffron, Resveratrol, and Citicoline against Neurodegeneration Induced by Oxidative Stress in an In Vitro Model of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Mulè Simone , Ferrari Sara , Rosso Giorgia , Galla Rebecca , Battaglia Stefania , Curti Valeria , Molinari Claudio , Uberti Francesca
Published: October 2024

During ageing, the brain is vulnerable to a growing imbalance of the antioxidant defence system, resulting in increased oxidative stress. This condition may be mainly responsible for cognitive decline, resulting in synaptic transmission disruptions and the onset of neuronal dysfunction. In this context, developing efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies against increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence mechanisms should be considered a public health priority to promote healthy ageing. Therefore, the current study explored the benefits of a novel combination of green tea, saffron, trans‐Reveratrol, and citicoline, called MIX, on improving intracellular processes to ameliorate the mechanisms linked to cognitive decline under oxidative stress conditions. First, the ability of MIX to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated in an in vitro model, analysing TEER value and the specific tight junctions; second, the CCF‐STTG1 cell line was pretreated with 200 µM H2O2 for 30 min to explore the effects of the single active compounds and their combination under oxidative stress conditions. Our results demonstrated for the first time the synergistic effects of the new combination to improve the absorption rate of individual agents through the BBB and maintain its integrity. Subsequently, further research was done to assess the positive role of the combination to counteract oxidative damage; as expected, MIX restored the neurodegenerative state activated by 200 µM H2O2, reducing mitochondrial damage, and improving survival pathways. Additionally, MIX acted as a regulator of both cellular energy metabolism and apoptosis, reducing the inflammatory state activated by oxidative stress. Finally, MIX can balance neurotrophin production to prevent mitochondrial disruption. In conclusion, MIX counteracted the adverse effects of brain oxidative stress, suggesting that this new proposed formulation prevents the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of cognitive decline, even in support of conventional therapy.
Enhancing the Achievement of Learning Outcomes for Foreign Language Learners Based on Gamification and Card Games
Authors: Alomair Yasmeen , Hammami Salah
Published: October 2024

Gamification and card games have gained increased popularity across diverse educational domains, particularly in the field of foreign language learning (FLL). They offer potent tools that can transform the learning process into an engaging, interactive, and enjoyable experience. Currently, numerous instances of gamified or card game–based language learning methods have demonstrated their significant impact on sustaining learners’ engagement and advancing their proficiency levels. However, it is noteworthy that these approaches often prioritize the motivational aspect while neglecting the imperative need to enhance student learning outcomes (SLOs). The latter holds pivotal importance not only in determining the success of academic courses but also in evaluating the effectiveness of e‐content. To address this gap, the primary objective of this work is to enhance the achievement of SLOs within the context of foreign language courses. A novel framework is proposed for learning foreign languages, harnessing the potential of gamification and card games. This framework, developed through the integration of contemporary technologies used in e‐learning systems and foreign language applications, encompasses agent technology and the microlearning strategy. A case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in SLOs. This study contributes significantly to the advancement of both gamification and game‐based learning, presenting a promising pedagogical paradigm for language teaching and learning.
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Systematic prime-nasal booster immunization enhanced the protection against mesothelioma lung metastasis and the confirmation of T-cell depletion in the tumor challenge model
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Gag mosaic expressing LAIV vaccine construction and characterization
Supplementary Data S4 from Integrative Modeling of Signaling Network Dynamics Identifies Cell Type–Selective Therapeutic Strategies for FGFR4-Driven Cancers
Authors: Shin Sung-Young , Chew Nicole J. , Ghomlaghi Milad , Chüeh Anderly C. , Jeong Yunhui , Nguyen Lan K. , Daly Roger J.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Data S4
Table S2 from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

Proteomics features of BC- and HD-derived EVs. Related to Figure 2.
Supplementary Data from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table Legend
Figure S6 from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

TALDO1 is a Biomarker for Breast Cancer Distant Metastasis, related to Figure 6
Figure S1 from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

EVs isolation and characterization, related to Figure 1
Table S6 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

GSEA analysis with genes downregulated in responders compared to non-responders
Table S4 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

GSEA analysis with genes upregulated in 68H compared to 68N
Figure S9 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

Immune cell analysis of NT2.5 syngeneic tumors and PyMT tumors
Figure S8 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

Hypoxic memory of tumor cells and immune profiles of NT2.5 syngeneic tumors
Figure S7 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia-tracing reporter system showed tumor cells with hypoxic memory and enhanced metastatic capacity
Figure S5 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

Evaluation of stimulus, response, and HIF for hypoxic downregulation of IFN/AP signal
Figure S4 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

Hypoxic memory exists in certain breast cancer cells
Data from A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Memory T cells play a key role in immune protection against cancer. Vaccine-induced tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in the lung have been shown to protect against lung metastasis. Identifying the source of lung TRM cells can help to improve strategies, preventing tumor metastasis. Here, we found that a prime-boost vaccination approach using intramuscular DNA vaccine priming, followed by intranasal live-attenuated influenza-vectored vaccine (LAIV) boosting induced higher frequencies of lung CD8+ TRM cells compared with other vaccination regimens. Vaccine-induced lung CD8+ TRM cells, but not circulating memory T cells, conferred significant protection against metastatic melanoma and mesothelioma. Central memory T (TCM) cells induced by the DNA vaccination were major precursors of lung TRM cells established after the intranasal LAIV boost. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that transcriptional reprogramming of TCM cells for differentiation into TRM cells in the lungs started as early as day 2 post the LAIV boost. Intranasal LAIV altered the mucosal microenvironment to recruit TCM cells via CXCR3-dependent chemotaxis and induced CD8+ TRM-associated transcriptional programs. These results identified TCM cells as the source of vaccine-induced CD8+ TRM cells that protect against lung metastasis.

Significance: Prime-boost vaccination shapes the mucosal microenvironment and reprograms central memory T cells to generate lung resident memory T cells that protect against lung metastasis, providing insights for the optimization of vaccine strategies.
Data from Multidimensional Fragmentomics Enables Early and Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Wang Nannan , Wu Xuxiaochen , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Si Chengshuai , Shao Peng , Li Dongzheng , Zhou Xin , Zhu Dongqin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Fufeng , Su Guoqing , Wang Ke , Wang Qifan , Zhang Yao , Wang Qiangcheng , Yu Dongsheng , Jiang Qian , Bao Jun , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages, highlighting the need for developing approaches for early detection. Liquid biopsy using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics is a promising approach, but the clinical application is hindered by complexity and cost. This study aimed to develop an integrated model using cfDNA fragmentomics for accurate, cost-effective early-stage colorectal cancer detection. Plasma cfDNA was extracted and sequenced from a training cohort of 360 participants, including 176 patients with colorectal cancer and 184 healthy controls. An ensemble stacked model comprising five machine learning models was employed to distinguish patients with colorectal cancer from healthy controls using five cfDNA fragmentomic features. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 236 participants (117 patients with colorectal cancer and 119 controls) and a prospective cohort of 242 participants (129 patients with colorectal cancer and 113 controls). The ensemble stacked model showed remarkable discriminatory power between patients with colorectal cancer and controls, outperforming all base models and achieving a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.986 in the validation cohort. It reached 94.88% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting colorectal cancer in the validation cohort, with sensitivity increasing as the cancer progressed. The model also demonstrated consistently high accuracy in within-run and between-run tests and across various conditions in healthy individuals. In the prospective cohort, it achieved 91.47% sensitivity and 95.58% specificity. This integrated model capitalizes on the multiplex nature of cfDNA fragmentomics to achieve high sensitivity and robustness, offering significant promise for early colorectal cancer detection and broad patient benefit.

 Significance: The development of a minimally invasive, efficient approach for early colorectal cancer detection using advanced machine learning to analyze cfDNA fragment patterns could expedite diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes for patients.

See related commentary by Rolfo and Russo, p. 3128
Data from Targeting Cholesterol Biosynthesis with Statins Synergizes with AKT Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hillis Alissandra L. , Martin Timothy D. , Manchester Haley E. , Högström Jenny , Zhang Na , Lecky Emmalyn , Kozlova Nina , Lee Jonah , Persky Nicole S. , Root David E. , Brown Myles , Cichowski Karen , Elledge Stephen J. , Muranen Taru , Fruman David A. , Barry Simon T. , Clohessy John G. , Madsen Ralitsa R. , Toker Alex
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is responsible for a disproportionate number of breast cancer patient deaths due to extensive molecular heterogeneity, high recurrence rates, and lack of targeted therapies. Dysregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway occurs in approximately 50% of TNBC patients. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen with PI3Kα and AKT inhibitors to find targetable synthetic lethalities in TNBC. Cholesterol homeostasis was identified as a collateral vulnerability with AKT inhibition. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis with pitavastatin synergized with AKT inhibition to induce TNBC cytotoxicity in vitro in mouse TNBC xenografts and in patient-derived estrogen receptor (ER)–negative breast cancer organoids. Neither ER-positive breast cancer cell lines nor ER-positive organoids were sensitive to combined AKT inhibitor and pitavastatin. Mechanistically, TNBC cells showed impaired sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) activation in response to single-agent or combination treatment with AKT inhibitor and pitavastatin, which was rescued by inhibition of the cholesterol-trafficking protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). NPC1 loss caused lysosomal cholesterol accumulation, decreased endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol levels, and promoted SREBP-2 activation. Taken together, these data identify a TNBC-specific vulnerability to the combination of AKT inhibitors and pitavastatin mediated by dysregulated cholesterol trafficking. These findings support combining AKT inhibitors with pitavastatin as a therapeutic modality in TNBC.

Significance: Two FDA-approved compounds, AKT inhibitors and pitavastatin, synergize to induce cell death in triple-negative breast cancer, motivating evaluation of the efficacy of this combination in clinical trials.