bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes, Morbidity, and Mortality of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: -Rehman Naseeb-ur , Khan Salman , Zubair Muhammad , Haq Moeen ul , Badshah Umar
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: The most common, potentially fatal emergency that brings patients to the hospital is upper gastrointestinal bleeding/hemorrhage.
Objective: To assess the causes, morbidity, and mortality of upper gastrointestinal bleeding among hospitalized patients
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the medical unit of DHQ hospital D I Khan. The duration of the study was six months from January 2023 to June 2023. Upper gastro intestinal endoscopies were carried out for all the enrolled patients by experienced endoscopists after initial all the patients were hemodynamically stabilized. All the data was collected by using a Proforma designed for this research. The Rockall score for each patient was then obtained using the whole multivariate analysis. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the collected data. 
Results: In the current research, totally 220 patients were selected. The male patients in our study were 143 (65%) while the female patients were 77 (35%). Based on endoscopy, the commonest cause of upper GI bleeding was esophageal varices in 132 (60%), followed by peptic ulcer in 33 (15%), gastritis in 22 (10%), esophagi is in 20 (9.09%). The overall mortality rate in our study was 13 (5.91%). A significant association was observed between Rockall score and mortality (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Our study concludes that variceal bleeding was the commonest cause of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Peptic ulcer was the second most common cause of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Our study also shows that Rockall score is a good predictor of outcome in upper GI bleeding patients.
Revitalizing Lower Motor Neurons Function: Role of Pirfenidone in Recovery of Post-Compression Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wazir Noman Ullah , Faisal Muhammad Saleh , Tamhid Mohammad , Qadir Husnain , Javaid Irum , Khan Amir Zaman
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Spinal cord compression injury can cause severe motor deficits and significantly reduce quality of life and Effective motor recovery therapies are limited. This article examines the latest research on pirfenidone potential to enhance motor recovery in SCCI and transform therapeutic approaches.
Objective: The aim of study was to establish whether pirfenidone delivered intraperitoneally can improve lower motor neuron activity in rats following compression injury to spinal cord or otherwise.
Material and Method: This experimental study was carried out at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan, from September 2021 to December 2022. Induction of injury to T7 spinal cord level was performed by 70gm force aneurysm clip on rats. The group “A” was given a placebo daily, the group “B” was given 200 mg/kg/day daily dose of pirfenidone, and the group “C” was given a daily dose of pirfenidone 500 mg/kg/day. Using 14 & 28 day experimental durations, sub-grouping of all 3 groups was done into groups 1 & 2 (each sub-group having 5 rats). On the final day of the experiment, BBB scoring was conducted to assess lower motor neuron activity in the hind limbs of all rats.
Results: The BBB (Basso, Beattie, Brenham) scores were statistically different between and within groups. The spinal cord injury (SCI) groups that received pirfenidone treatment exhibited higher BBB scores in comparison to the SCI groups that did not receive pirfenidone. The 500 mg/kg/day and a 28-day period of pirfenidone were more effective in improving motor recovery after spinal cord injury than 200 mg/kg/day for a 14-day period.
Conclusion: Pirfenidone is likely to enhance motor functions, contributing to improved functional neurological recovery following spinal cord injury.
Assessment of the Knowledge and Vaccination Status of Hepatitis B Among High School Students In Sagnarigu District, Ghana
Authors: Mahama Julius Caesar , Faridu Abdul-Wadudu , Malory , Charity , Aseyuure Comfort Wetani , Nyarko Simon , Gyamfi Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background: According to a 2015 WHO report, 5-10% of adults in Sub-Saharan Africa are chronically infected with the Hepatitis B virus.
Objective: The study sought to assess the knowledge of HBV infection, its mode of transmission, and the attitude towards its vaccination among high school students in the Sagnarigu district of the Northern Region.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, a purposive sampling technique was used to select the schools out of the lot found in the district due to their locations, populations, and varying social status of students in those schools, and simple random sampling was used to select respondents from March to July 2017 in the Sagnarigu district of the Northern Region of Ghana. An anonymous questionnaire was designed for the study based on the research objectives and this was used in the collection of data. The results obtained were presented in the form of tables & graphs and were analyzed statistically.
Results: The study revealed that a significant proportion of the respondents, specifically 343 individuals (92.2%), were aware of HBV infection, and many of them possessed adequate knowledge about the infection. In terms of transmission, 198 individuals (53.2%) correctly identified sexual intercourse as a mode of transmission, while 257 individuals (69.1%) were aware that sharing toothbrushes with an infected person could lead to transmission. vaccination, with 210 individuals (56.5%) expressing willingness to receive the vaccination. However, the actual vaccination rate was relatively low, with only 90 individuals (24.2%) reporting that they had received the vaccination.
Conclusion: There is an urgent need to increase student vaccination rates and raise awareness about HBV infection. We recommend that second-cycle students be vaccinated and educated at the time of admission to help reduce the spread of the infection and raise awareness.
VIRADA TECNOLÓGICA NO DIREITO PROCESSUAL E ETAPAS DO EMPREGO DA TECNOLOGIA NO DIREITO PROCESSUAL:
Authors: Nunes Dierle
Published: December 2024

O desenvolvimento da tecnologia impacta a aplicação do direito, especialmente com a virtualização de processos, tornando-os eletrônicos. Novos modelos facilitam a interação entre as partes, a exemplo do legal design e aplicação de técnicas de visual law, blockchain, etc., e, principalmente, aplicando-se Inteligência Artificial (IA) e algoritmos, para resolução de disputas. Assim, para além da virtualização ou instrumentalização da tecnologia, o tratamento de dados pode permitir melhor gerenciamento e efetividade dos processos, abandonando a simples reprodução do sistema analógico. A virada tecnológica, além de contribuir para a resolução das demandas em tempo razoável, permite sejam refundados os institutos do direito processual, sempre observando as garantias constitucionais e processuais. Destaca-se o On-line Dispute Resolution (ODR) como ferramenta de resolução de demandas e o Modria, que, mediante parametrização de dados, fornece informações aos usuários para possibilitar negociação, conciliação ou mediação e, somente frustradas essas fases, é que se invocará decisão judicial. Objetiva-se, neste estudo, apontar a necessidade de afastar o rejeicionismo irracional, bem como o viés algorítmico, de forma que o uso da tecnologia promova o interesse público e atue em prol do cidadão, contemplando seus direitos fundamentais.
O FEDERALISMO BRASILEIRO E O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Cruz Álvaro Ricardo de Souza , Francia Nicolle Zanato Moreira Monteleoni Di
Published: December 2024

Em um Estado que se pretende Democrático de Direito é primordial a convivência harmônica de diversas instituições políticas a fim de se efetivar direitos, entre eles os direitos sociais. O presente artigo analisará especificamente a efetivação do direito à educação no Estado brasileiro contemporâneo, pretendendo relacionar a dificuldade enfrentada na concretização desse direito com a implementação de um federalismo sui generis pela Constituição Cidadã de 1988. É notório que o direito à educação não tem resultados equânimes ao longo de todo o território nacional. Na realidade, o que se observa é a existência de regiões historicamente precárias em relação ao ensino público, uma barreira que não foi rompida com a vigência da denominada Constituição Cidadã. Diante disso, questiona-se: é possível relacionar o federalismo brasileiro instituído pela Constituição de 1988 com a inefetividade da universalização do direito à educação?
O EXERCÍCIO DO DIREITO DE SUFRÁGIO EM TEMPOS DE CRISE E PÓS-PANDEMIA
Authors: Almeida Larissa de Moura Guerra , Baracho Júnior José Alfredo de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo visa traçar breves considerações quanto à relevância do direito de sufrágio pelo exercício do voto, tendo em vista a realidade brasileira contemporânea, em tempos de crise econômico-financeira, de acirrada polarização política e de consequências pós-pandemia. Faz-se necessário compreender o sufrágio, que não se resume a mera obrigação, mas sim de um direito assegurado a todos, nos termos da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Propõe-se refletir sobre a eficácia do voto obrigatório em termos de efetivação da cidadania, não obstante a imprescindibilidade de medidas de proteção à saúde e à segurança.
Manual de atenção psicossocial na gestão de desastres e calamidade pública
Authors: Prazeres Ballesteros Moura Jéssica , Moraes da Silva Katiane , Jacinto Cabral Rosângela , Erika Ferro Ramalho Nobre Sheila
Published: December 2024

ste manual aborda conceitos fundamentais relacionados à gestão de desastres, destacando a importância de compreendê-los no contexto psicossocial e não apenas efeitos estruturais. Inicialmente, o documento versa sobre o conceito de “desastre” como um fenômeno resultante de eventos adversos, naturais ou provocados pelo homem, que causam danos significativos em ecossistemas vulneráveis, afetando a sociedade na totalidade. Em seguida, apresenta as fases de prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta, restabelecimento e recuperação do desastre, bem como enfatiza a importância de planos de contingência e a gestão de recursos e apoio aos envolvidos no desastre.

Posteriormente, descreve o aporte que o Serviço Social desempenha em contextos de desastres. O presente manual orienta assistentes sociais a agirem de forma categórica e ética em tais situações, destacando a importância de uma formação profissional crítica e reflexiva, elucidando a prática profissional baseada em uma abordagem dos direitos humanos e na justiça social, nâo apenas para mitigar danos imediatos, mas, para enfrentar as causas estruturais impostas pelo sistema Capitalista.

Em seguida, expõe o papel crucial que a Psicologia tem desempenhado em contextos de desastres e emergências no Brasil, em todas as fases. A intervenção psicológica em desastres busca nâo só agir nas consequências psicológicas imediatas, mas também, fortalecer a resiliência das comunidades e indivíduos afetados.

Assim, este documento visa contribuir como um guia prático para Assistentes Sociais, Psicólogos e equipes multidisciplinares, destacando a importância de uma abordagem coletiva e sensível ao contexto biopsicossocial e sócio-histórico-político, visando proporcionar um apoio eficaz e humanitário em todas as fases de um desastre.
A Comparative Study of Foreign Language Learning Factors: Motivation, Attitudes, and Perceptions in Kosova and Slovenia
Authors: Sylaj Trëndelinë Haliti , Krasniqi Rina
Published: December 2024

This comparative study explores the attitudes of Kosovan children towards foreign languages (FL) and compares the findings with a similar study conducted in Slovenia. The research aims to identify Kosovan children’s motivation for learning languages, the influence of significant
others (teachers, parents, peers) on their language attitudes, and their perceptions of the languages they encounter. The focus is on FLs in general rather than a specific language. The research was conducted in various primary schools across Kosova, involving 472 pupils aged 8/9, matching
the sample size of the Slovenian study. The methodology includes a survey with two parts: the first part employs the LANGattMini scale (Bratož et al., 2021) to examine FL learning motivation, FL attitudes, and the importance of significant others. The second part utilizes a qualitative
approach to explore respondents’ perceptions of FLs. The results reveal that, like their Slovenian counterparts, Kosovan children generally hold positive attitudes towards FLs. However, there are nuanced differences in the interplay between attitudes, motivation, and the influence of
significant others, reflecting the distinct cultural and educational contexts of Kosova.
The mediation role of sleep on the relationship between drinks behavior and female androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Gu Hao , Ji Ruxin , Shi Wei , Liu Fangfen , Xie Hongfu , Li Ji , Liu Yicong , Tang Yan
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between drinks behavior and female androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and to clarify the mediating effect of sleep behavior on such relationship.

Methods

A total of 308 female AGA patients and 305 female normal controls were recruited from the hospital, and questionnaires including drinks behavior and sleep behavior were inquired among them. Blood sugar and blood lipids were detected. Then, the mediating effect of sleep behavior on the relationship between drinks behavior and AGA was analyzed.

Results

Female AGA patients presented a higher frequency of intake of sweetened tea drinks. It was found that occasional intake (1–2 times per week; ORadj = 2.130, 95% CI [1.495–3.033]) and frequent intake (3–6 time per week; ORadj = 2.054, 95% CI [1.015–4.157]) of sweetened tea drinks were associated with AGA. The daily sugar intake from soft drinks increased the risk of AGA (ORadj = 1.025, 95% CI [1.003–1.048]), and hyperglycemia was positively associated with alopecia (ORadj = 1.897, 95% CI [1.225–2.936]). In addition, bedtime after 12 pm significantly increased the risk of developing alopecia (ORadj = 2.609, 95% CI [1.020–6.676]). Interestingly, bedtime, instead of daily sugar intake from soft drinks, could mediate the relationship between sweetened tea drinks intake and alopecia.

Conclusions

Sweetened tea drinks consumption increases the risk of female AGA, which is mediated by bedtime.
The impact of nurses’ stress situation coping on somatization: a mediated moderation model
Authors: Qi Xiaoyan , Xu Hong-Ning
Published: December 2024

Aims

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of nurses’ stress situation coping levels on somatization symptoms, the mediating effect of depression, and the moderating effect of perceived social support.

Background

As a core part of the global healthcare system, nurses are crucial to patient health and rehabilitation outcomes. However, due to heavy workloads, unreasonable staffing structures, and constant exposure to occupational risks in their workplaces, these factors often place nurses in a high-intensity, high-stress environment, which directly affects their physical and mental health and professional burnout. Coping with stress situations is an important means to help individuals effectively manage stress, reduce negative impacts, and maintain mental health. However, research on the impact of nurses’ stress situation coping methods on somatization symptoms is limited.

Methods

This study conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2022 to April 2023, and finally included 293 nurses working on the front line of tertiary hospitals. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and the SPSS macro program’s Models 7 and 14. This study is an observational study, strictly prepared and presented according to the STROBE checklist.

Results

The somatization symptom scores of the nurses were (27.27 ± 7.33) points, the stress situation coping scores were (59.90 ± 9.64) points, the perceived social support scores were (65.64 ± 12.90) points, and the depression scores were (4.42 ± 4.12) points. The somatization symptom scores of the nurses were positively correlated with the stress situation coping scores and depression scores, and negatively correlated with the perceived social support scores, with correlation coefficients of 0.200, 0.851, and −0.302, respectively. The stress coping level of the nurses had a direct positive impact on somatization symptoms (β = 0.081, p = 0.009), and a direct positive impact on nurse depression (β = 0.202, p = 0.001). Depression had a significant positive impact on somatization symptoms (β = 0.823, p = 0.000), and depression played a mediating role. Perceived social support had a significant negative impact on depression (β = −0.383, p = 0.000). Perceived social support had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the stress situation coping level and depression (β = −0.121, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

In this study, the stress situation coping methods of nurses had a positive impact on somatization symptoms, had a complete mediating effect on the depression level of nurses, and perceived social support had a significant moderating effect in the pathway from the stress situation coping methods of nurses to depression-mediated somatization symptoms.
Artigo de revisão sobre tratamento de efluentes têxteis por adsorção do azul de metileno por meio do uso do carvão ativado a partir do mesocarpo de coco verde
Authors: Silva Keila Kesia , Ribeiro Michelle Aparecida , Silva Emily Balotto Carriel da , Domiciano Rafael Soares , Zandoná Carlos Henrique
Published: December 2024

A água distribuída na terra está subdividida em água salgada nos oceanos equivalente a 97,4%, e água doce com apenas 2,6%. Do total de água doce apenas 0,6% está disponível, sendo em rios, lagos, lençóis subterrâneos e na atmosfera. O consumo da água disponível é em grande parte na agricultura sendo 88%, na indústria 7% e em usos domésticos 5%. A indústria têxtil é um dos maiores consumidores de água, em comparação com outros diferentes setores industriais. Consome cerca de 15% da água doce destinada às indústrias. 52% dessa água é utilizada no tingimento, 41% nos processos de preparação, 6% na refrigeração e 1% no acabamento. É necessário um tratamento adequado para que esses efluentes sejam descartados na natureza com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos da contaminação. A adsorção é uma técnica que se baseia na remoção do corante pela passagem do efluente por carvão ativo, sílica gel, bauxita, resinas de troca iônica, derivados de celulose, entre outros. O carvão ativado como adsorvente torna-se um método eficiente e barato, proporcionando algumas vantagens como baixa geração de resíduos, possibilitando o aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos, diminuindo assim, o volume de rejeitos em aterros e lixões, remoção eficiente de substâncias, operação simples e possibilidade de reutilização do adsorvente
Review of Poet-Monks: The Invention of Buddhist Poetry in Late Medieval China. By Thomas J. Mazanec
Authors: Heine Steven
Published: December 2024

Poet-Monks: The Invention of Buddhist Poetry in Late Medieval China. By Thomas J. Mazanec. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2024. Pp. xvi + 327. $65 (cloth); $32 (paper); open access.
Medicinal Plants of Rourkela Forest Division, Odisha, India
Authors: Sethi Jashabanta , Jena Nibedita , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: December 2024

Documentation of medicinal plants for conservation and sustainable utilization is an important task in contemporary situations. Keeping the importance of documentation of medicinal plants, an attempt has been made to document the medicinal plants of Rourkela Forest Division (RFD). Odisha, India during 2022-2024. Extensive field survey was carried out in all ranges of RFD. Information on medicinal plants is collected through interaction with local communities. 130 ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribals of RFD are presented along with their traditional therapeutic uses. Some photographs are provided for the identification of enumerated ethnomedicinal plants for academic and conservation purposes.
Issues that Parents of Learners with Physical Challenges Encounter in Providing Social Support to Their Children in Inclusive Schools in Tanzania
Authors: Mushi Adeline Paul
Published: December 2024

It has been seen that although parental support is very important especially for the children with physical disability in inclusive education but children with disability could not get enough support from their parents. It is from this fact that the study explored the challenges that face parents in providing social support to their children with physical disabilities in inclusive education. The study was qualitative in nature, using a sample of four parents, four pupils and eight teachers who were selected purposively from two (2) districts of Katavi region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were thematically analysed. Findings revealed that parents faced financial constraint in such a way that they could not afford the cost of buying mobility devices, medical services which were important for their children to adapt learning in inclusive education. It was found that pupils with physical disabilities could not use school latrines instead they spent a lot of time going back home for toilet services. This posed a challenge to the parents as it limits them from engaging in economic activities to raise their families’ income. Moreover, pupils with physical disabilities were subjected to bullying and abuse since they could not defend themselves which adds more emotion burdens to the parents. Furthermore, the study findings revealed that family instabilities and separation was another challenge faced parents of the children with physical disabilities. Most of pupils who participated in this study were receiving social support from their mothers after their fathers run away left them with mothers who could not provide necessary support. The study concluded that, apart from great effort done by government and nongovernmental organization to create awareness to the community about children with disability, still large part of the children with physical disabilities face stigma, bulling, rejection with their biological fathers and unfriendly infrastructure especially latrines in inclusive schools. All these pose challenges to the parents in providing social support to their children with physical disability in inclusive education.
Challenges in Construction Technology Encountered by the Construction Consultancy Company in the Kingdom Bahrain
Authors: Nebrida Jimmy A. , Oliveros Oliver
Published: December 2024

Technology management is becoming more significant nowadays because of the fast-moving growth of technology in the different fields of specialization. This study focused on the challenges encountered by the construction company as consultant to contractors, challenges during the construction stage of the on-going project and analyze the challenges involving the technology used in the process. This study employed the qualitative method of research using an interview and observation in gathering data about the challenges encountered by the construction consultancy company. The subject of the study includes one project and one contractor being observed and involved in the study. Results showed the challenges encountered by the company being consultant to the project includes working drawing issues, contractor’s insufficient fund, contractor’s poor financial management, client’s choice of contractor, delayed payment to contractor, clients’ inadequate fund for the project, and delayed schedule. The challenges during the construction stage of the on-going project include construction quality issues, weather conditions, construction methods, piling works issues, gravel and sand supply, concrete pouring issues, timing during Ramadan, workers’ alibis on praying, diverse nationalities, insufficient manpower supply. In addition, the challenges involving the technology used in the process are construction technologies and computer aided design. It is recommended that the company create policies on technology management with a focus on technology planning, managerial and financial economics, and technological solutions to environmental problems in the Middle East, particularly those pertaining to weather and human comfort.
Visually Synchronizing Modular UI Software Using Asynchronous Function
Authors: Kim Jinsol , Shin Nana , Lee Shinyoung
Published: December 2024

As the modern warfare continuously evolves into one that is network-centric, the amount of data a weapon system has to handle is rapidly growing, which applies not just to the internal data processing software but also to the UI software. Not only is the amount of data growing, but also is the complexity of handling such data, which when combined together creates a significant delay in updating relevant components in a UI software. In the context of the defense industry, split-second delay in visual component update can lead to catastrophic failure in making strategic decisions. This paper presents a novel method that utilizes asynchronous functions to control the program flow and reduce the delay in updating multiple visual components of a modular software. We apply this method to our modular UI software which uses MVVM pattern, where we were able to reduce the delay by an average of 78.4 %.
A Case of Consistency Verification Technique on Korean CMMS
Authors: Kim Jungyoon , Lee Kyunghwa
Published: December 2024

The Concept Model of Mission Space(CMMS) can be regarded as an ontology that systematically represents knowledge within a military domain. Ensuring the consistency of this ontology is crucial, and its consistency must be verifiable. This paper presents a case study on the consistency verification of the Korean CMMS, referred to as CMMS-K. The verification feature can detect inconsistencies such as duplication, missing links, and circular definitions within the ontology elements. This capability is achieved through the formality of the Methontology template, which provides a structured specification of ontology elements. The implemented feature demonstrates the practical ability to perform verification and highlights the future prospects of the Korean CMMS.
Autonomous Collaboration Control for Manned-Unmanned Complex Systems and Its Compositions
Authors: Lee Hojoo , Kim Dohyun , Park Wonik , Choi Joonsung
Published: December 2024

The emergence of MUCS(Manned-Unmanned Complex System), incorporating numerous robots surpassing human's control capabilities, is inevitable on future battlefields and necessitates revolutionary robot operation technology. Since MUCS should be structured over the current command and control networks in Korean military binding its constituent elements ranging from small echelons to joint forces, various types of MUCS configurations and manned-unmanned teaming(MUM-T) types are also defined. Then a methodology for robot collaboration with aiming at real-time situation response is proposed. The method is basing on the situational response decision-making model in order to operate multiple robots cooperatively in respond to serial events occurring in real-time using the concept of control measure which is the origin/object triggering a task. In addition, a set of decision-making rules is devised and compared to decisions optimized by the model. Through illustrative experiments the suggested method is checked to be viable for realizing MUM-T and operating multiple robots in MUCSs.
Analysis of User Complaints of the Air Force Weapon System Using Text Mining
Authors: Hwang Hyewon , Kim Youngjin , Jeon Jeonghwan
Published: December 2024

User complaints are occurring due to the inability to meet user needs, such as the performance and ease of use of military supplies. Over the past five years, an average of 1,115 user complaints have occurred, and the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality(DTaQ) is handling the complaints collected from the requesting military. This user complaint information is accumulated as unstructured data in the Quality Information Service(IQIS) and Excel, making systematic analysis difficult. Therefore, this study aims to identify the status of user complaints related to air weapon systems using network analysis. This research is significant as it quantitatively analyzes user complaint data through the analysis of unstructured data, and the results are expected to serve as reference material for future quality assurance activities and user complaint handling.
Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Amlung Michael , Marsden Emma , Holshausen Katherine , Morris Vanessa , Patel Herry , Vedelago Lana , Naish Katherine R. , Reed Derek D. , McCabe Randi E.
Published: August 2019

Importance

Delay discounting is a behavioral economic index of impulsive preferences for smaller-immediate or larger-delayed rewards that is argued to be a transdiagnostic process across health conditions. Studies suggest some psychiatric disorders are associated with differences in discounting compared with controls, but null findings have also been reported.

Objective

To conduct a meta-analysis of the published literature on delay discounting in people with psychiatric disorders.

Data Sources

PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through December 10, 2018. The psychiatric keywords used were based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnostic categories. Collected data were analyzed from December 10, 2018, through June 1, 2019.

Study Selection

Following a preregistered Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, 2 independent raters reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. English-language articles comparing monetary delay discounting between participants with psychiatric disorders and controls were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Hedges g effect sizes were computed and random-effects models were used for all analyses. Heterogeneity statistics, one-study-removed analyses, and publication bias indices were also examined.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Categorical comparisons of delay discounting between a psychiatric group and a control group.

Results

The sample included 57 effect sizes from 43 studies across 8 diagnostic categories. Significantly steeper discounting for individuals with a psychiatric disorder compared with controls was observed for major depressive disorder (Hedges g = 0.37; P = .002; k = 7), borderline personality disorder (Hedges g = 0.60; P < .001; k = 8), bipolar disorder (Hedges g = 0.68; P < .001; k = 4), bulimia nervosa (Hedges g = 0.41; P = .001; k = 4), and binge-eating disorder (Hedges g = 0.34; P = .001; k = 7). In contrast, anorexia nervosa exhibited statistically significantly shallower discounting (Hedges g = –0.30; P < .001; k = 10). The schizophrenia category was not statistically significant (Hedges g = 0.18; P = .77; k = 12). Evidence of publication bias at the aggregate level was not statistically significant (Egger test [SE], 1.43 [0.92]; P = .06).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study appear to provide empirical support for delay discounting as a transdiagnostic process across most of the psychiatric disorders examined; the literature search also revealed limited studies in some disorders, notably posttraumatic stress disorder, which is a priority area for research.
Metabolomic, transcriptomic and genetic integrative analysis reveals important roles of adenosine diphosphate in haemostasis and platelet activation in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Hoang Long T. , Domingo‐Sabugo Clara , Starren Elizabeth S. , Willis‐Owen Saffron A.G. , Morris‐Rosendahl Deborah J. , Nicholson Andrew G. , Cookson William O. C. M. , Moffatt Miriam F.
Published: August 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the world. The most prevalent subtype, accounting for 85% of cases, is non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are the most common subtypes. Despite recent advances in treatment, the low 5‐year survival rate of NSCLC patients (approximately 13%) reflects the lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and incomplete understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. We hypothesized that integration of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genetic profiles of tumours and matched normal tissues could help to identify important factors and potential therapeutic targets that contribute to tumorigenesis. We integrated omics profiles in tumours and matched adjacent normal tissues of patients with LUSC (N = 20) and LUAD (N = 17) using multiple system biology approaches. We confirmed the presence of previously described metabolic pathways in NSCLC, particularly those mediating the Warburg effect. In addition, through our combined omics analyses we found that metabolites and genes that contribute to haemostasis, angiogenesis, platelet activation and cell proliferation were predominant in both subtypes of NSCLC. The important roles of adenosine diphosphate in promoting cancer metastasis through platelet activation and angiogenesis suggest this metabolite could be a potential therapeutic target.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome Differ in Men and Women with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kuriya B. , Schieir O. , Valois M. F. , Pope J. E. , Boire G. , Bessette L. , Hazlewood G. , Thorne J. C. , Tin D. , Hitchon C. , Bartlett S.J. , Keystone E. C. , Bykerk V. P. , Barra L. ,   on behalf of CATCH investigators
Published: August 2019

Objective

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) is conflicting. The impact of sex, including menopause, has not been described. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with MetS in men and women with ERA.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) was performed. Participants with baseline data to estimate key MetS components were included. Sex‐stratified logistic regression identified baseline variables associated with MetS.

Results

The sample included 1543 participants; 71% were female and the mean age was 54 (SD 15) years. MetS prevalence was higher in men 188 (42%) than women 288 (26%, P < 0.0001) and increased with age. Frequent MetS components in men were hypertension (62%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 40%), obesity (36%), and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (36%). Postmenopausal women had greater frequency of hypertension (65%), IGT (32%), and high triglycerides (21%) compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, MetS was negatively associated with seropositivity and pulmonary disease in men. Increasing age was associated with MetS in women. In postmenopausal women, corticosteroid use was associated with MetS. Psychiatric comorbidity was associated with MetS in premenopausal women. MetS status was not explained by disease activity or core RA measures.

Conclusion

The characteristics and associations of MetS differed in men and women with ERA. Sex differences, including postmenopausal status, should be considered in comorbidity screening. With this knowledge, the interplay of MetS, sex, and RA therapeutic response on cardiovascular outcomes should be investigated.
Printable Semiconductors for Backplane TFTs of Flexible OLED Displays
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Shin Eun‐Sol , Liu Ao , Ji Dongseob , Xu Yong , Noh Yong‐Young
Published: August 2019

Studies on printable semiconductors and technologies have increased rapidly over recent decades, pioneering novel applications in many fields, such as energy, sensing, logic circuits, and information displays. The newest display technologies are already turning to metal oxide semiconductors, i.e., indium gallium zinc oxide, for the improvements needed to drive active matrix organic light‐emitting diodes. Convenience and portability will be realized with flexible and wearable displays in the future. This report summarizes recent progress on the development of solution‐processed thin film transistors, especially those deposited at low temperatures for next‐generation flexible smart displays. The first part provides an overview on the history and current status of displays. Then, recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art solution‐processed transistors based on different semiconductors are presented, including metal oxides, organic materials, perovskites, and carbon nanotubes. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Bioinspired Janus Textile with Conical Micropores for Human Body Moisture and Thermal Management
Authors: Dai Bing , Li Kan , Shi Lianxin , Wan Xizi , Liu Xi , Zhang Feilong , Jiang Lei , Wang Shutao
Published: August 2019

Excessive sweat secreted from the skin often causes undesired adhesion from wetted textiles and cold sensations. Traditional hydrophilic textiles such as cotton can absorb sweat but retain it. A hydrophobic/superhydrophilic Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile embedded with a conical micropore array with a hydrophilic inner surface that can achieve directional liquid transport (with an ultrahigh directional water transport capability of 1246%) and maintain human body temperature (2–3 °C higher than with cotton textiles) is demonstrated. When the hydrophobic polyester layer with large opening of hydrophilic conical micropores contacts the liquid, the Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile can pump it to the superhydrophilic nitrocellulose layer through the hydrophilic conical micropores driven by capillary force. The Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile can weaken undesired wet adhesion and heat loss due to the removal of liquid. The water wicking and air permeability of the Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile is comparable to those of traditional cloths. This study is valuable for designing of functional textiles with directional water transport properties for personal drying and warming applications.
High‐Quality Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Films Based on In Situ Formed Organic Spacer Cations
Authors: Qing Jian , Kuang Chaoyang , Wang Heyong , Wang Yuming , Liu Xiao‐Ke , Bai Sai , Li Mingjie , Sum Tze Chien , Hu Zhangjun , Zhang Wenjing , Gao Feng
Published: August 2019

Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs), consisting of alternating organic spacer layers and inorganic layers, have emerged as a promising alternative to 3D perovskites for both photovoltaic and light‐emitting applications. The organic spacer layers provide a wide range of new possibilities to tune the properties and even provide new functionalities for RPPs. However, the preparation of state‐of‐the‐art RPPs requires organic ammonium halides as the starting materials, which need to be ex situ synthesized. A novel approach to prepare high‐quality RPP films through in situ formation of organic spacer cations from amines is presented. Compared with control devices fabricated from organic ammonium halides, this new approach results in similar (and even better) device performance for both solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. High‐quality RPP films are fabricated based on different types of amines, demonstrating the universality of the approach. This approach not only represents a new pathway to fabricate efficient devices based on RPPs, but also provides an effective method to screen new organic spacers with further improved performance.
Iron‐Catalyzed Selective N‐Methylation and N‐Formylation of Amines with CO2
Authors: Li Wen‐Duo , Zhu Dao‐Yong , Li Gang , Chen Jie , Xia Ji‐Bao
Published: August 2019

We herein describe an efficient iron‐catalyzed selective N‐methylation and N‐formylation of amines with CO2 and silane using mono‐phosphine as ligand. With commercially available [CpFe(CO)2]2 as catalyst, Fe‐catalyzed methylation of amines was achieved with triphenylphosphine as a ligand. Using tributylphosphine as a ligand, Fe‐catalyzed formylation of amines was realized at a lower temperature. The method was successfully applied in the late‐stage methylation and formylation of drug molecules containing amine moiety.

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Ultrastretchable Elastic Shape Memory Fibers with Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Park Sungjune , Baugh Neil , Shah Hardil K. , Parekh Dishit P. , Joshipura Ishan D. , Dickey Michael D.
Published: August 2019

Herein, elastomeric fibers that have shape memory properties due to the presence of a gallium core that can undergo phase transition from solid to liquid in response to mild heating are described. The gallium is injected into the core of a hollow fiber formed by melt processing. This approach provides a straightforward method to create shape memory properties from any hollow elastic fiber. Solidifying the core changes the effective fiber modulus from 4 to 1253 MPa. This increase in stiffness can preserve the fiber in a deformed shape. The elastic energy stored in the polymer shell during deformation drives the fiber to relax back to its original geometry upon melting the solid gallium core, allowing for shape memory. Although waxes are used previously for this purpose, the use of gallium is compelling because of its metallic electrical and thermal conductivity. In addition, the use of a rigid metallic core provides perfect fixity of the shape memory fiber. Notably, the use of gallium—with a melting point above room temperature but below body temperature—allows the user to melt and deform local regions of the fiber by hand and thereby tune the effective modulus and shape of the fiber.
Intraspecific genetic divergence within Helianthus niveus and the status of two new morphotypes from Mexico
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Imerovski Ivana , Borkowski Kelly , Huang Kaichi , Burge Dylan , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: August 2019

Premise

Collecting and characterizing the genetic diversity of wild relatives of crops can contribute importantly to sustainable crop production and food security. Wild sunflower, Helianthus niveus, occurs in arid regions in western North America and is partially cross‐compatible with the cultivated sunflower (H. annuus). We assessed phylogenetic relationships and patterns of genetic divergence among three previously described subspecies (subsp. niveus, subsp. canescens, and subsp. tephrodes) as well as two new morphotypes of H. niveus recently discovered in extreme drought and dune habitats in Baja California, Mexico.

Methods

We measured 50 plants growing in a common garden for 27 morphological traits and conducted principal component analysis to assess patterns of phenotypic variation. Genome size of each accession was determined using flow cytometry. Pollen viability of first generation hybrids between taxa was tested to infer the strength of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive barriers. Finally, genotyping‐by‐sequencing data were used to investigate the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships among the previously described subspecies and new morphotypes.

Results

The intraspecific genetic and phenotypic divergence of H. niveus populations closely tracks their geographical distribution. Subspecies niveus is phenotypically, genetically, and reproductively distinct from the other two subspecies and has a larger genome. Therefore, H. niveus as currently circumscribed should be considered to contain two distinct species, H. niveus and H. tephrodes. ABBA‐BABA tests revealed substantial introgression between subsp. canescens and its sympatric congener H. petiolaris, which might contribute to their morphological similarities. The two new morphotypes collected in Mexico represent local ecotypes of subsp. niveus that occur in extreme drought and dune environments. Mantel tests showed a strong positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances.

Conclusions

We conclude that geographic isolation is primarily responsible for intraspecific genomic divergence within H. niveus, while patterns of phenotypic variation appear to have been shaped by ecological selection and interspecific introgression.
Perioperative care of children with sickle cell disease: A systematic review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Schyrr Frederica , Dolci Mirko , Nydegger Martine , Canellini Giorgia , Andreu‐Ullrich Heidrun , Joseph Jean‐Marc , Diezi Manuel , Cachat Francois , Rizzi Mattia , Renella Raffaele
Published: August 2019

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) require specific perioperative care, and clinical practice in this area remains poorly defined. We aimed to conduct a systematic, PRISMA‐based review of the literature, available clinical guidelines and practice recommendations. We also aimed to extract any valuable information for the “best of available‐evidence”‐based prevention of perioperative adverse events in children with SCD, and highlight the most urgent priorities in clinical research. As data sources, US National Library of Medicine, Medline, National Guideline Clearinghouse, International Guideline Network, TRIP databases were searched for any content until January 2019. We also included institutional, consortia and expert group guidelines. Included were reports/guidelines in English, French, German, and Italian. Excluded were reports on obstetrical and fetal management. We identified 202 reports/guidelines fulfilling the criteria outlined above. A majority focused on visceral, cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery procedures, and only five were multicenter randomized controlled trials and two prospective randomized studies. After grading of the quality of the evidence, the extracted data was summarized into clinical recommendations for daily practice. Additionally, we designed a risk‐grading algorithm to identify contexts likely to be associated with adverse outcomes. In conclusion, we provide a systematic PRISMA‐based review of the existing literature and ancillary practice and delineate a set of clinical recommendations and priorities for research.
Phase I/II trial of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor in combination with bortezomib as a chemosensitization strategy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Liu Chia‐Jen , Zavidij Oksana , Azab Abdel K. , Baz Rachid , Laubach Jacob P. , Mishima Yuji , Armand Philippe , Munshi Nikhil C. , Basile Frank , Constantine Michael , Vredenburgh James , Boruchov Adam , Crilley Pamela , Henrick Patrick M. , Hornburg Kalvis T. V. , Leblebjian Houry , Chuma Stacey , Reyes Kaitlen , Noonan Kimberly , Warren Diane , Schlossman Robert , Paba‐Prada Claudia , Anderson Kenneth C. , Weller Edie , Trippa Lorenzo , Shain Kenneth , Richardson Paul G.
Published: August 2019

We tested the hypothesis that using CXCR4 inhibition to target the interaction between the tumor cells and the microenvironment leads to sensitization of the tumor cells to apoptosis. Eligibility criteria included multiple myeloma (MM) patients with 1‐5 prior lines of therapy. The purposes of the phase I study were to evaluate the safety and maximal‐tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. The treatment‐related adverse events and response rate of the combination were assessed in the phase II study. A total of 58 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 63 years (range, 43‐85), and 78% of them received prior bortezomib. In the phase I study, the MTD was plerixafor 0.32 mg/kg, and bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2. The overall response rate for the phase II study was 48.5%, and the clinical benefit rate 60.6%. The median disease‐free survival was 12.6 months. The CyTOF analysis demonstrated significant mobilization of plasma cells, CD34+ stem cells, and immune T cells in response to plerixafor. This is an unprecedented study that examines therapeutic targeting of the bone marrow microenvironment and its interaction with the tumor clone to overcome resistance to therapy. Our results indicate that this novel combination is safe and that the objective response rate is high even in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00903968.