bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme diversity in fine-grained morphology reveals fourteen new species of conopeate Nitzschia (Bacillariophyta: Bacillariales)
Authors: LOBBAN CHRISTOPHER S. , ASHWORTH MATT P. , CALAOR JERILYN J.M. , THERIOT EDWARD C.
Published: April 2019

A study was made of the ultrastructural variation in a group of conopeate Nitzschia species, primarily marine species from Guam but also including one freshwater species from Costa Rica. Fourteen new species are described: Nitzschia alcyoneae, Nitzschia asteropeae, Nitzschia carahii, Nitzschia celaenoae, Nitzschia dagmannii, Nitzschia electrae, Nitzschia guamensis, Nitzschia jordanii, Nitzschia lascrucensis, Nitzschia maiae, Nitzschia meropeae, Nitzschia schefterae, Nitzschia spathulatoides, and Nitzschia taygeteae. The valves in all these taxa had a central raphe-sternum on a raised keel; from the keel arise silica flaps, the conopea, and the valve face was depressed below the conopea to form conopeal canals. The valve surface was thus differentiated into three regions, in which the areola pattern sometimes differed: the exposed valve face, the valve depression, and the peri-raphe zone, i.e., the exposed part of the keel wall between the conopeum and the raphe-sternum. We refer to this suite of characters as the tholophora (canopy-bearing) morphology. In one species, N. maiae sp. nov., the conopea occurred only at the apex and there was no valve depression. Thirty-eight morphological characters were used in addition to the usual morphometric data (length, width, densities of striae and fibulae); these included, inter alia, a remarkable range of areola shapes on the three valve regions and the copulae—oval/circular pores, transapical slits, longitudinal slits, small pores fields, continuous pores fields, and larger quadrate pores closed by hymenes or cribra; the extent of the conopea along the valve; the presence of longitudinal ribs on the valve, conopea, or copulae; and the extent of internal development of silica below the striae. Phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences from six species was entirely congruent with analysis of morphological characters.
Reply to ““Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method”: a rebuttal of Rogers (2012)” by Stribling et al., 2012
Authors: ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2019

I am grateful to Stribling et al., (2012) for pointing out two errors I made in my original opinion piece (Rogers, 2012), namely citing  Stribling et al., 2003 as Stribling et al., 2002, and stating that that same reference used the term “bench taxonomist” when in reality it was “production taxonomist”.
A new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) from isolated plateau of southwestern Rio Negro Province, Argentina
Authors: SCOLARO JOSÉ ALEJANDRO , DE LA CRUZ FAUSTO MÉNDEZ , IBARGÜENGOYTÍA NORA R.
Published: April 2019

A new Phymaturus species called Phymaturus sinervoi, is described in the present study. The new species is a member ofthe “Phymaturus patagonicus” group from Patagonia. It lives at about 1100 m of altitude in a volcanic rocky habitat nearto Cari Laufquen plateau, in the southern-central steppe of Rio Negro Province, Argentina. The new species and the neigh-bouring related species of the genus from the “patagonicus” group are morphologically compared, and its distribution and natural history are pointed out.
The first electronic polytomous key to the world species of the subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: HERNANDES FABIO AKASHI , KREITER SERGE , TIXIER MARIE-STÉPHANE
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the first polytomous computerised identification key within the family Phytoseiidae. It applies to thefemales of the world species of the subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon. This group is one of the largest withinthe family Phytoseiidae and the sub-family Typhlodrominae, with nearly 350 species currently recognised worldwide. Noidentification tool of these species exists at the world level, which makes their identification very difficult and unsecure.Thirty five characters were used to characterise each of the 343 species. Among these characters, 14 are discrete and 21are continuous. The polytomous key was constructed using the free software DELTA 1.04 (DEscription Language forTAxonomy) and is freely available at the web site: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/phytoseiidae/anthoseiuskeypresentation.html. We hope that this work will open new perspectives for the identification of species ofother genera (especially the largest ones, e.g. Neoseiulus, Euseius, Amblyseius) which contains more than 150 species andfor which no key presently exists. We also expect that the present work will make the identification of the world speciesof Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) easier and more secure. Finally, we expect a contribution from the whole Phytoseiidae scientist community to improve subsequent versions of the key.
Phytoseiidae of Thailand (Acari: Mesostigmata), with a key for their identification
Authors: OLIVEIRA DANIEL C. , CHARANASRI VATANA , KONGCHUENSIN MANITA , KONVIPASRUANG PLOYCHOMPOO , CHANDRAPATYA ANGSUMARN , DE MORAES GILBERTO J.
Published: April 2019

Little has been published about the phytoseiid mite fauna of Thailand. This paper presents information about themorphology and distribution of phytoseiid mites collected in Thailand between 1991 and 2011 on different plant species,a list of the species presently known from that country, and a key for their identification. Twenty six species belonging to11 genera were collected and identified in this study, six of which are reported for the first time from Thailand. In total,38 species of phytoseiid species of 13 genera are reported, 29 of Amblyseiinae, seven of Phytoseiinae and two of Typhlodrominae.
Epigonus exodon, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Teleostei: Perciformes: Epigonidae) from Réunion, western Indian Ocean
Authors: OKAMOTO MAKOTO , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: April 2019

A new species of deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus exodon, is described based on two specimens, 97.0–60.2 mm standardlength, from Réunion (depth 450–480 m), western Indian Ocean. Epigonus exodon belongs the Epigonus oligolepis group,defined as having seven spines on the first dorsal fin, one spine and 10 soft rays on the second dorsal fin, 35–37 poredlateral-line scales to the end of the hypural and lacking an opercular spine and ribs on the last abdominal vertebra. It differsfrom other members of the group in having a narrow tongue, a shallow V-shaped tooth patch on rear two-thirds of tongue, anteriorly projecting teeth on each side of the symphysis of lower jaw, and 26–28 total gill rakers.
Two new species of the genus Kamimuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with redescription of Kamimuria cheni Wu and Kamimuria Chungnanshana Wu
Authors: SUN HAI-TAO , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: April 2019

Klapálek (1907) established Kamimuria as a subgenus of Perla, but later elevated it to generic rank (Klapálek 1912). Later, Klapálek (1923) designated Perla tibialis Pictet, 1841, a Japanese species, as the type species. Uchida & Isobe (1991) designated a neotype for K. tibialis and resurrected K. uenoi Kohno from synonymy. Sivec et al. (1988) redescribed the diagnostic characters of Kamimuria in reference to other Perlinae. It is a genus widespread in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, being particularly diverse in China. A total of 76 species have been described over the worldwide and includes 45 species residing in China (DeWalt et al. 2011, Sivec & Stark 2008, Sivec et al. 1988, 1997, Du et al. 1999, 2001, Du & Ran 2002, Du & Sivec 2004, 2005, Du & Wang 2005, 2007, Du 2006, Wu 1938, 1962, 1973). The type material of many species proposed by Wu (1935, 1936, 1938, 1940, 1947–1948) were lost because of the war, but for some species he designated neotypes (1962) which were deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. Based on adult male morphology, two new species from China are described, and K. cheni Wu and K. Chungnanshana Wu are redescribed in this paper. The types of new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from Slovenia, with descrip-tion of a new Aphidius species
Authors: KOS KATARINA , TRDAN STANISLAV , PETROVIĆ ANDJELJKO , STARÝ PETR , KAVALLIERATOS NICKOLAS G. , PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ OLIVERA , TOMANOVIĆ ŽELJKO
Published: April 2019

Over the period 2006–2010, 40 species of primary parasitoids belonging to eleven genera were found and reared from 50 species of host aphids, from a total of 106 host plants collected from 62 localities all around Slovenia. Over 230 tritrophic associations have been reviewed, including four associations which are reported for the first time; Ephedrus plagiator/ Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium, Praon necans/ Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium, Aphidius sussi/Delphinobium sp./Aconitum maximum and Ephedrus persicae/Brachyunguis tamaricis/ Tamarix gallica. The parasitoid species from Slovenia have been grouped in seven faunal complexes according to their origin, e.g. 11 species from European deciduous forest, 3 species from Far Eastern deciduous forest, 20 species from Eurasian Steppes, 1 Mediterranean species, 2 species from Holarctic Forest Tundra, 2 species from Boreal Europe, and 1 Nearctic species. Also, a new aphid parasitoid species Aphidius staticobii sp.n. Tomanović and Petrović has been described from the association Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium.
Global diversity of earthworms and other Oligochaeta (Annelida): collected papers (cover)
Authors: SCHMELZ RÜDIGER M.
Published: April 2019

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New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia
Authors: M. ALEXANDER FEIJOO , CELIS LILIANA V.
Published: April 2019

Three new and four known species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the department of Caquetá inColombia’s Amazon region were studied. Species belong to the following three families: Glossoscolecidae: Andiodrilusnonuya sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov., Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) bora sp. nov., and Pontoscolexcorethrurus (Müller, 1857); Acanthodrilidae: Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen, 1890), Dichogaster(Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), and Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard, 1893); andOcnerodrilidae: Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen, 1878. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Colombia nowcontains 139 species. Keys to differentiate species of Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900, Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) Righi, 1993, and Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) (Müller, 1857) are provided.
A Revision of the Australian species of the genus Melobasis Laporte & Gory 1837 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Part 1 (Introductory material, key to species-groups and keys to species of the thoracica, pusilla, formosa, propinqua & gloriosa species-groups)
Authors: LEVEY BRIAN
Published: April 2019

This is the first part of a revision of the Australian members of the genus Melobasis Laporte & Gory 1837. A synopsis ofthe biogeography, biology and relationships of Melobasis is given. A key to species-groups, and keys to the species ofthe formosa, gloriosa, thoracica, propinqua and pusilla species-groups are provided, together with descriptions andillustrations of all the species of these groups.26 new species and subspecies are described: M. acutula sp. n., M. amoena sp. n., M. angusta sp. n., M. brevis sp.n., M. brittoni sp. n., M. burnsi sp. n., M. dividua sp. n., M. duplexicolor sp. n., M. eximia sp. n., M. flavoaenea sp. n.,M. flexa sp. n., M. goerlingi sp. n., M. hanloni sp. n., M. janae sp. n., M. kanguluorum sp. n., M. knowlesi sp. n., M.nudipectus sp. n., M. paucipunctata sp. n., M. powelli sp. n., M. propinqua depressa ssp. n.., M. purpurilata sp. n., M.rectipilosa sp. n., M. regalis carnabyorum ssp. n, M. similis sp. n., M. simulata sp. n., M. specularis sp. n.The following new synonymies are proposed: Briseis Saunders 1871, Diceropygus Deyrolle 1864 and ParamelobasisThéry 1923 are synonymised with Melobasis.Melobasis bimetallica Carter 1923 and M. cuprina Kerremans 1898 are synonymised with M. g. gloriosa (Laporte &Gory 1837); M. goryi Saunders 1871 and M. metallifera Saunders 1868 are synonymised M. cuprifera (Laporte & Gory1837); M. nitidiventris Kerremens 1898 is synonymised with M. thoracica Blackburn 1887; M. subconica Carter 1923 issynonymised with M. uniformis Carter 1923; M. terminata Kerremans 1898 is synonymised with M. inflammabilisThomson 1879. The following changes of status are proposed: M. cruentata Thomson 1879 is made a subspecies of M.gloriosa (Laporte & Gory 1837); M. cuprifera (Laporte & Gory 1837) is removed from synonymy with M. propinqua(Laporte & Gory 1837); M. inflammabilis Thomson 1879 is removed from synonymy with M. vittata Blackburn 1887; M. verna (Hope 1846) is raised to a subspecies of M. propinqua (Laporte & Gory 1837);
A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea
Authors: HARZHAUSER MATHIAS , LANDAU BERNARD
Published: April 2019

We present the first synoptic revision of the cancellariid gastropods of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. This huge epicontiental sea experienced outstanding phases of invasions and endemic evolution, which resulted in a total diversity of at least 53 cancellariid species. The maximum diversity of 43 species was established during the early Middle Miocene (Langhian), corresponding to the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. This speciation and diversification event is suspected to be potentially still traceable in molecular clock analysis and should be considered in future investigations. The turn-over rate at species level was considerable, resulting in short species longevity. Most species were already extinct by Pliocene times and only a single species seems to have survived until the Early Pleistocene. None of these Miocene Paratethyan cancellariid species survive today in modern circum–Mediterranean assemblages. Extant species referred to the Miocene Admetinae genus Cancellicula are clearly not congeneric and have to be placed in a separate genus.Steiningeriella nov. gen. is described as new genus and Ovilia breitenbergerorum nov. sp. as new species. Petitina nov. nom. is introduced as replacement name for the preoccupied Inermia. New combinations are: Bonellitia hoernesi (Kittl, 1887) nov. comb., Pseudobabylonella nysti (Hörnes, 1854) nov. comb., Calcarata vindobonensis (Hilber, 1892) nov. comb., Contortia callosa (Hörnes, 1854) nov. comb., Contortia fenestrata (Eichwald, 1830) nov. comb., Contortia saccoi Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 nov. comb., Contortia tortoniana (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Merica crenata (Hörnes, 1856) nov. comb., Merica succineiformis (Boettger, 1906) nov. comb., Ovilia excassidea (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Petitina inermis (Pusch, 1837) nov. comb., Petitina angulata (Sieber, 1936) nov. comb., Perplicaria mioquadrata (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Scalptia dertocosticillata (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Scalptia dertoparva (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Scalptia polonica (Pusch, 1837) nov. comb., Scalptia michelinii (Bellardi, 1841) nov. comb., Scalptia neugeboreni (Hörnes, 1856) nov. comb., Scalptia scrobiculata (Hörnes, 1854) nov. comb., Solatia exwestiana (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb., Steiningeriella hebertiana (Hörnes, 1856) nov. comb. and Trigonostoma exampullaceum (Sacco, 1894) nov. comb.
New genus and new species of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the mesophotic coral ecosystem of SW Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea
Authors: PETRESCU IORGU , CHATTERJEE TAPAS , SCHIZAS NIKOLAOS V.
Published: April 2019

Recent collections of the benthic macroand meiofauna associated with the mesophotic coral ecosystems of Puerto Rico haverevealed two new Cumacea from the family Nannastacidae. A new genus Cumellana and two new species, Cumellanacaribbica and Cumella alexandrinae are described herein. The new genus Cumellana can be distinguished from the other genera of the family Nannastacidae by having a long antennule and pereopod 2 with short terminal setae, equal in length.
A new species of Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the central Australian ranges
Authors: DONNELLAN S. C. , MAHONY M. J. , BERTOZZI T.
Published: April 2019

The myobatrachid frog genus Pseudophryne is highly variable in color pattern in eastern Australia where many species are distinguished by distinctive dorsal patterns. In contrast Pseudophryne from the western half of the continent are morphologically conservative. Two nominal species are widespread in south-western Australia and north-western South Australia, with one, P. occidentalis, being found in semi-arid and arid regions. Using mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters we establish that populations in the ranges of north-western South Australia assigned to P. occidentalis are a separate species. The new species comprises one of four major lineages of Pseudophryne while P. occidentalis falls within another lineage confined to south-western Australia.
It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
Authors: NICHOLSON KIRSTEN E. , CROTHER BRIAN I. , GUYER CRAIG , SAVAGE JAY M.
Published: April 2019

In this essay, we review concepts of taxonomic categories of anoles, reanalyze accumulated characteristics of these lizards,use these analyses to summarize the topology of the phylogenetic tree for anoles, and use consistent major branches ofthis topology to recommend a classification scheme for this large group of squamates. We then use this new taxonomy todraw inferences about the evolution of habitat use, as well as the geologic ages and geographic distribution of anolelineages. Our taxonomy eliminates problems of paraphyly inherent in previous classifications by elevating eight majorlineages to generic status (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Deiroptyx, Norops, and Xiphosurus), providing diagnoses of those genera, and then doing the same for species groups within each genus. With the exceptionof 19 species, the contents of our generic categories are consistent with all recent phylogenetic reconstructions. Thus, therevised taxonomy appears to provide a stable classification for at least 95% of the 387 species currently recognized andincluded in our treatment of the group. We argue that these lizards originated in South America ~130 ma, where they werelarge in size and occupied niches focused on the canopy of rainforest trees. The radiation diverged into eight genera125–65 ma within a volcanic island arc that connected North and South America. This evolutionary diversificationgenerated three genera (Deiroptyx, Dactyloa, and Xiphosurus) that retained an ancestral large size and canopy niche focusand five genera (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, and Norops) that became small, with niches focusedtoward the ground. The complicated divergence and accretion events that generated the current conformation of theAntillean islands, and eventually closed the Panamanian Portal, transported six island genera to their current centers ofdiversity (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, Deiroptyx, and Xiphosurus), leaving two genera on themainland (Dactyloa and Norops). Our historical reconstruction makes Norops a much older radiation than previousreconstructions, allowing basal diversification of this species-rich lineage to occur on mainland terrains that eventuallyseparated from the mainland to become parts of Cuba and Jamaica. This early diversification extended into northern South America, where a basal lineage of Norops coevolved with Dactyloa prior to the mainland-island separation.
A new genus and species of a terrestrial cavernicolan planarian from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Cavernicola)
Authors: SLUYS RONALD , LAUMER CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2019

The paper provides a taxonomic description of a new genus and species of terrestrial cavernicolan triclad flatworm from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Molecular sequences of this species were already deposited in GenBank several years ago under the provisional taxon name Cavernicola sp. Animals have the following characteristics: absence of pigmentation and eyes; mouth opening located halfway in the pharyngeal cavity; few, ventral testes extending from a position far posterior to the ovaries to directly behind the pharyngeal cavity; strongly recurving sperm ducts, thus forming a loop; horizontally oriented cone-shaped penis papilla; common oviduct oriented perpendicular to the bursal canal and opening into the latter shortly before the canal communicates with the copulatory bursa; sac-shaped copulatory bursa lacking a distinct, single lumen and filled with a mass of syncytial cells, with interspersed nuclei.
Taxonomic revision of the Erythrolamprus reginae species group, with description of a new species from Guiana Shield (Serpentes: Xenodontinae)
Authors: ASCENSO ALEXANDRE C. , COSTA JOÃO C. L. , PRUDENTE ANA L. C.
Published: April 2019

We perform a review of the Erythrolamprus reginae species group and putative related taxa (E. dorsocorallinus, E. zweifeli, and E. oligolepis), based on external morphology and hemipenial characters. We infer species boundaries among taxa traditionally associated with this group, recognizing two nominal subspecies (Erythrolamprus reginae reginae and E. r. macrosomus) in the species level. We propose the synonymy of E. r. semilineatus with E. reginae and recognize the validity of the related taxa, such as: E. dorsocorallinus, E. zweifeli, and E. oligolepis. In addition, two specimens occurring in the state Amapá, Brazil, are herein described as a new species. Therefore, we provide an identification key for the species of the group and discuss some of the combination of morphological features useful to delimitate the species of this group, in comparison with other representatives of the genus Erythrolamprus.
A new species of Pseudobunocephalus Friel, 2008 (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the lower Tocantins and Mearim river drainages, North and Northeast of Brazil
Authors: LEÃO MANUELA DOPAZO V. , CARVALHO TIAGO P. , REIS ROBERTO E. , WOSIACKI WOLMAR B.
Published: April 2019

Pseudobunocephalus timbira, new species, is described from streams of the lower Tocantins and the Mearim river drainages, in North and Northeast of Brazil. Pseudobunocephalus timbira can be distinguished from all congeners by having the second hypobranchial and the third basibranchial cartilaginous (vs. ossified). Additionally, it can be dintinguished from P. lundbergi by the following putative apomorphic features within Pseudobunocephalus: posterolateral process of premaxilla present (vs. absent); bony knobs in dorsal lamina of Weberian apparatus absent (vs. present); distal end of posterior margin of 5th parapophysis not enlarged (vs. enlarged); number of ribs three (vs. four or five) and infraorbital sensory canal entering neurocranium via frontal (vs. via sphenotic). It is distinguished from P. bifidus and P. iheringii by having a gracile body not surpassing 34 mm SL (vs. robust body, reaching up to 59 mm SL, respectively); by having the posterior margin of cranial fontanel concave (vs. posterior margin somewhat straight with parieto-supraoccipital extending anteriorly); by having a conspicuous knobby ornamentation on dorsal surface of skull (vs. skull knobs slightly pronounced); by having Weberian ventral blade of hemal canal opened (vs. closed) and by the absence of serrations on the proximal portion of the anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine (vs. serrations covering entire anterior margin of the pectoral spine). Additionally, it can be distinguished from P. amazonicus, P. rugosus and P. quadriradiatus, by having the posterolateral mental barbel with at least one fleshy lobe located proximally along the posterior margin (vs. posterolateral mental barbel simple, not having fleshy lobes). It also differs from P. amazonicus and P. rugosus by having five branchiostegal rays (vs. four). It also can be distinguished from P. amazonicus by having the contact of hyomandibula cartilage with neurocranium limited to the sphenotic (vs. extending to both sphenotic and pterotic); by having the ventral blade of Weberian apparatus open (vs. closed) and by anterior exit of hemal canal in abdominal vertebra (vs. in complex vertebra); from P. rugosus by coloration of proximal portion of caudal fin similar to rest of caudal fin (vs. clear patch) and from P. quadriradiatus by the total number of pectoral fin-rays six (vs. five). Variable characteristics within Pseudobunocephalus species are summarized and comments on the phylogenetic relationships and the disjunct distribution of the new species are made. [Species zoobank url: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:392F95E0-86E1-4386-8779-C4F71098DBCC]
A new record of the family Isonychiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Ghats, India with a description of new species
Authors: VASANTH M. , SELVAKUMAR C. , SUBRAMANIAN K. A. , BABU R. , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. G.
Published: April 2019

A new species belonging to the subgenus Isonychia, of the genus Isonychia Eaton, 1871, is described based on larvae and imagoes collected from Moyar River, Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India. The imagoes of I. moyarensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other described Oriental species of Isonychia (Isonychia) by the combination of characters: (i) forewing with rusty brown maculae in the costal, subcostal, and median areas; (ii) femur and tibia brown, fore leg pale, apices of tarsal segments brownish; (iii) males with distal angles of penes rounded, without serrations; (iv) second segment of gonostylus uniformly convex; and (v) sterna of tenth abdominal segment in female deeply cleft. Isonychia (Isonychia) moyarensis n. sp. can be distinguished in the larval stage from other known Oriental species by the following combination of characters: (i) abdominal terga II–IX with median dark brown maculae progressively larger with dark brown slanting streaks in lateral margins; (ii) trachea of abdominal gills I–VII unbranched; (iii) posterolateral projections on abdominal segments I–VII blunt and progressively longer than those of segments VIII–IX, sharp and distinct; and (iv) abdominal terga X pale yellow in anterior ⅓, and dark brown in the posterior ⅔. A key to the known larvae of Oriental species of Isonychia is also provided.
The Influences of Urban Building Complexes on the Ambient Flows over the Washington–Reston Region
Authors: Zhang Da-Lin , Jin Menglin S. , Shou Yixuan , Dong Chunqing
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the collective impacts of urban building complexes on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) winds using both observations and a mesoscale model. Horizontal winds measured on the rooftops of federal buildings over the regions of Washington, D.C., and a small city nearby (i.e., Reston, Virginia) show the blocking effects of urban building complexes on the downstream winds during the daytime of 9 July 2007. A modeling study of the case using a coupled version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)–multilayer urban canopy model in which the observed building height and density information is implemented to advance the calculations of momentum and heat, reproduces the rooftop-observed wind patterns and the related urban heat island effects, especially the wake flows on the downstream sides of the above-mentioned two cities. Results show that under daytime conditions the building complexes can collectively form a mesoscale wake on the downwind side of each city, about 2–10 km away, horizontally from the edge of the building complexes. The wake flow may extend to much higher levels than the building tops, depending on the incoming flow strength, the static stability in the PBL, the height of the building complexes, and the time of the day because of the strength of surface insolation.
The Outflow–Rainband Relationship Induced by Environmental Flow around Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Dai Yi , Majumdar Sharanya J. , Nolan David S.
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the role of the asymmetric interaction between the tropical cyclone (TC) and the environmental flow in governing the TC inner-core asymmetric structure. Motivated by the limitations of bulk measures of vertical wind shear in representing the complete environmental flow, the TC outflow is used as a focus for the asymmetric interaction. By analyzing an idealized numerical simulation, it is demonstrated that parcels can go directly from the asymmetric rainband to the upper-level outflow. The relatively large vertical mass flux in the rainband region also suggests that the asymmetric rainband is an important source of the outflow. In a simulation that suppresses convection by reducing the water vapor within the rainband region, the upper-level outflow is weakened, further supporting the hypothesis that the rainband and outflow are directly connected. Finally, it is demonstrated that the asymmetric outflow and the outer rainband are coupled through the descending inflow below the outflow. Some of the main characteristics of the outflow–rainband relationship are also supported by a real-case numerical simulation of Hurricane Bill (2009). The relationship is potentially useful for understanding and predicting the evolution of the TC inner-core structure during the interaction with the large-scale environmental flow.
An Episodic Weakening in the Boreal Spring SST–Precipitation Relationship in the Western Tropical Pacific since the Late 1990s
Authors: Jo Hyun-Su , Yeh Sang-Wook , Cai Wenju
Published: April 2019

We found that a positive sea surface temperature (SST)–precipitation relationship in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) during boreal spring, in which higher SSTs are associated with higher precipitation, episodically weakens from the late 1990s to the early 2010s. During 1980–98, warm SSTs induce positive precipitation and low pressure in the WTP. The associated enhanced convection dampens the initial warm SSTs by reflecting incoming solar radiation. The reduced incoming solar radiation into the ocean leads to a SST cooling tendency. In contrast, the associated southwesterly wind anomalies reduce oceanic mixing by decreasing the mean wind, contributing to an SST warming tendency, though relatively small. Therefore, the cloud–radiation effect is a dominant process of the negative SST tendency. By contrast, during 1999–2014, although an SST cooling tendency is similarly induced by warm SST anomalies, the cooling tendency is enhanced by anomalous ocean advection, as a result of enhanced easterly wind anomalies in the southern part of the WTP. This results in a weakening of a positive relationship of the SST and precipitation during 1999–2014. As such, the associated anomalous convective heating in the WTP during 1999–2014 is weak, changing the atmospheric teleconnection patterns in the midlatitude and surface air temperature anomalies in western North America and northeastern Eurasia.
Lighting the Ivory Track: Are Near-Infrared and Chemometrics Up to the Job? A Proof of Concept
Authors: Power Aoife , Ingleby Sandy , Chapman James , Cozzolino Daniel
Published: April 2019

A rapid tool to discriminate rhino horn and ivory samples from different mammalian species based on the combination of near-infrared reflection (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics was evaluated. In this study, samples from the Australian Museum mammalogy collection were scanned between 950 nm and 1650 nm using a handheld spectrophotometer and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). An overall correct classification rate of 73.5% was obtained for the classification of all samples. This study demonstrates the potential of NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics as a means of a rapid, nondestructive classification technique of horn and ivory samples sourced from a museum. Near-infrared spectroscopy can be used as an alternative or complementary method in the detection of horn and ivory assisting in the combat of illegal trade and aiding the preservation of at-risk species.
Online process monitoring and fault-detection approach based on adaptive neighborhood preserving embedding
Authors: Tan Lei , Li Peng , Miao Aimin , Chen Yong
Published: April 2019

This study aims to solve the problem involving the high false alarm rate experienced during the detection process when using the traditional multivariate statistical process monitoring method. In addition, the existing model cannot be updated according to the actual situation. This article proposes a novel adaptive neighborhood preserving embedding algorithm as well as an online fault-detection approach based on adaptive neighborhood preserving embedding. This approach combines the approximate linear dependence condition with neighborhood preserving embedding. According to the newly proposed update strategy, the algorithm can achieve an adaptive update model that realizes the online fault detection of processes. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach are verified by experiments of the Tennessee Eastman process. Theoretical analysis and application experiment of Tennessee Eastman process demonstrate that in this article proposed fault-detection method based on adaptive neighborhood preserving embedding can effectively reduce the false alarm rate and improve the fault-detection performance.
Green pest management practices for sustainable buildings: Critical review
Authors: Srivani Maddala Venkata Kanaka
Published: April 2019

Green pest management is an environmental-friendly pest management that helps to control pests and reduces harmful use of pesticides. Pests like woodworms, longhorn beetles, fruit flies, spiders, termites and paper mites in the buildings degrade the carpets, leather, wood, cloth, food, utensils and so on. They can spread diseases, damage properties and contaminate food in our home. So, green pest management has been developed in buildings to avoid degradation and protect human health and surrounding environment. Green pest management is a relatively new concept. Its practices help to keep our building green. It includes sanitation, management, biological control, least toxic chemical pesticides and minimum use of chemicals and avoids killing of non-target species by spraying in target locations. Green Pest Control India Pvt Ltd in Borivali East, Mumbai; Herbal Pest Control Services in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Green Pest Management by Johnsons group in Hong Kong; Ehrlichs Green Pest control service in Pennsylvania; Eco Smart Technologies in United States; Green Pest Services Ecofriendly and Organic Pest Control at St. Lucie and Martin country and so on are providing service. This green pest management is also included in green building certification rating system for all sustainable buildings. This article describes the impact of pests on the environment and sustainable pest management practices in existing homes. It is an innovative service provider with a mission of creating a ‘happy community’ as we value and respect the various needs of our customers.
Efficient container stacking approach to improve handling: efficiency in Chinese rail–truck transshipment terminals
Authors: Li Wang , Xiaoning Zhu , Zhengyu Xie
Published: April 2019

An efficient container stacking approach is vital to the handling efficiency of container transshipment terminals. In this paper, by considering container allocation preferences and operation distance, the container stacking problem in rail–truck transshipment terminals has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization model to minimize container overlapping amounts and crane moving distance. A simulation-based algorithm implementing process has been developed to stack containers to the optimum positions. Computational experiments on data from a rail–truck transshipment terminal in China are conducted to test the efficiency of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the container stacking approach is efficient and significant for improving handling efficiency in rail–truck transshipment terminals.
The Marxian influence on Leonard Woolf’s theory of imperialism
Authors: Villanueva Ricardo
Published: April 2019

In his own time, Leonard Woolf was one of the most prolific and respected experts on international affairs. Yet, his paramount place in the field fell rapidly, partly because he was a writer whose ideas have been labelled as utopian. This article employs Woolf to challenge the orthodox narrative of the discipline of International Relations (IR) that oversimplifies the early stages of the field as a dichotomy between idealism and realism. While this has already been done cogently by Peter Wilson, this article discloses a Marxist dimension in Woolf’s thought and writings. This is particularly important given that Marxism has regained significance in recent IR debates. Through a contextualist approach, this article demonstrates that Woolf represents a considerable challenge to conventional IR historiography and reveals the significance of Marxian-based understandings in the early stages of the discipline as an alternative to idealism and realism. In addition, this article shows some of the distinctiveness in Woolf’s Marxian writings on imperialism as an alternative to Leninist understandings.
The securitization audience in theologico-political perspective: Giorgio Agamben, doxological acclamations, and paraconsistent logic
Authors: Murphy Michael P. A.
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, securitization theory has developed into a robust literature of cases and critiques. The vast majority of the attention paid to securitization has been to the securitizing actor and the referent object, leaving the audience – the body that determines the fate of a securitizing move by accepting or rejecting the securitizing actor’s request – undertheorized. The audience is presented as a problematic contradiction, because as a collectivity called by the securitizing actor it appears to be a passive body, critiqued thereby as potentially irrelevant. On the other hand, both the original Copenhagen school formulation of securitization theory and many of its current theorists reaffirm the agency of the audience to actively determine the success or failure of the securitizing move. This article turns to political theology for guidance, and explains the contradiction of the passive/active audience through homology to the ekklesia and the acclamation of ‘amen’ in liturgical doxology. The fact that the congregation is passive recipient of a call does not negate the essential and substantial role that it must actively play, just as the contradiction of the passive/active description of the securitization audience is not a problem of illogic, but a paraconsistent truth.
Getting Rid of Risky Foreigners: Promoting Community Protection at the Expense of Administrative Justice?
Authors: Billings Peter
Published: April 2019

This article offers a critical analysis of the norms, policy, procedures and outcomes associated with contemporary decision-making under the ‘character test’ per Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 501. Of late there has been a steep increase in the number of visa refusals and cancellations on adverse character grounds due to the convergence of a reformulated character test and single-minded, authoritarian, administration by ministerial office-holders. This article teases out the significant and, arguably, adverse consequences for the quality of administrative justice of ministerial control over visa decisions absent independent administrative review. It is argued that the integrity of ministerial decision-making and the legitimacy of outcomes are dubious. This is because the process of identifying and balancing the important countervailing community interests and individual (human) rights, in the course of reaching the preferable decision, does not appear to be carried out in a detached, proper and genuine manner, pursuant to rational and intelligible reasoning processes. In conclusion, when viewed holistically, the judicial decisions analysed in this article suggest that the unwavering pursuit of community protection has come at a significant adverse cost to administrative justice and, necessarily, to individuals/families who bear the harsh consequences.
Cultural Humility of Religious Communities and Well-Being in Sexual Minority Persons
Authors: Mosher David K. , McConnell John M. , Hook Joshua N. , Captari Laura E. , Hodge Adam , Dispenza Franco , DeBlaere Cirleen , Davis Don E. , Van Tongeren Daryl R.
Published: April 2019

Cultural humility has been shown to enhance cross-cultural relationships, but little research has explored how individuals perceive the cultural humility of a salient group. In the current study, we examined how perceptions of the cultural humility of a religious community affect the well-being of sexual minorities, who frequently experience discrimination, minority stress, and relational conflict in faith communities. As predicted, results indicated higher levels of perceived cultural humility in religious communities were associated with less depression, less anxiety, and more sense of belonging. Furthermore, minority stress mediated the relation between group cultural humility and depression, anxiety, and sense of belonging, even after controlling for the religious community’s stance on LGB issues. We discuss our findings, limitations, and future directions for research, as well as offer practical applications for how cultural humility can benefit religious communities and sexual minorities.
A Variance-reduction Approach to Detection of the Thyroid-nodule Boundary on Ultrasound Images
Authors: Chiu Ling-Ying , Chen Argon
Published: April 2019

To perform computer-aided diagnosis of the thyroid nodules on ultrasound images, the location and boundary of nodules should be clearly defined. However, the identification of thyroid nodule boundary is a difficult issue due to the biological characteristics of the nodules, the physics and quality of ultrasound imaging, and the subjective factors and operating conditions of the operator. In this study, we propose a novel and semiautomatic method for detecting the boundary of thyroid nodule based on the Variance-Reduction (V-R) statistics without image preprocessing. The region of interest (ROI) is first automatically generated according to the initial inputs of the nodule’s major and minor axes. The boundary candidate pixel points are then extracted by using the V-R statistics from the grayscale values of all pixel points in the ROI. Three filtering methods are further applied to eliminate the outlier pixel points to ensure that the remaining candidate pixel points are located on the nodule boundary. Finally, the remaining pixel points are smoothened and linked together to form the final boundary. The proposed method is validated with ultrasound images of 538 thyroid nodules, with manual delineation by experienced radiologist as gold standard. The effectiveness is evaluated and compared with previous publications using boundary error metrics and overlapping area metrics with the same data set. The results show that the normalized average mean boundary error is 1.02%, the true positive overlapping area ratio achieves 93.66% and false positive overlapping area ratio is limited to 7.68%. In conclusion, our proposed method is reliable and effective in detecting thyroid nodule boundary on ultrasound images.
National e-resources of Shakespeare translations in Europe: (Dis)assembling the black box
Authors: Cetera-Włodarczyk Anna , Tronch Jesús , Drábek Pavel , Gaydin Boris , Makarov Vladimir , Montorfano Beatrice , Soncini Sara , Zakharov Nikolay
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the construction, operation and scholarly usefulness of electronic resources of Shakespeare translations. In particular, it offers an overview of several existing European digital resources of Shakespeare translations by singling out trends, challenges and new vistas of research; describing the content, editing policies and functionalities of selected European projects, already in operation or currently assembled; and discussing the aims and major difficulties faced by the researchers, the choice of navigation and search tools, the possibilities of integrating national repositories with other resources and the relation of translation e-resources to adjacent disciplines, including corpus linguistics or stylometry.
Time Course of Axon and Myelin Degeneration in Peripheral Nerves in Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Rats
Authors: Tomikawa Emi , Mutsuga Mayu , Hara Kojiro , Kaneko Chihiro , Togashi Yuko , Miyamoto Yohei
Published: April 2019

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model for Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), which results in neurological symptoms and histopathological changes in peripheral nerves. In this model, the correlation between the progression of the disease and the histopathological changes is not clear. To further examine histopathological changes in peripheral nerves in EAN rats, sciatic nerves were sampled at onset (day 10), peak (day 16), and recovery (days 22 and 25) of neurological symptoms in P2(57-81)-peptide-administered rats. Axon and myelin degeneration was observed by light microscopy at onset, degeneration became severe at peak, and persisted at recovery. Densities of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin areas decreased from day 10 to a minimum on day 22. Slight axon and myelin degeneration, such as accumulation of vesicles in axons and focal myelin splitting and folding, was observed by transmission electron microscopy at onset; severe degeneration, such as axonal loss, myelin ovoid, and demyelination, increased at peak; and regenerative changes, such as remyelination and enlargement of Schwann cell cytoplasm, occurred at recovery. These results suggest that EAN rats have histopathological similarities to some types of GBS patients and that EAN rats are a useful model to understand the pathogenesis of GBS.
Interstitial Adipocytes in the Beagle Dog and New Zealand White Rabbit Choroid Plexus
Authors: Rudmann Daniel , Colleton Curtis
Published: April 2019

The choroid plexus (CP) produces cerebrospinal fluid and has epithelial, interstitial, and vascular compartments. The CP is a potential site of toxicity, and recognizing the normal microanatomy in different animal models is important for the pathologist. In preclinical studies with beagle dog and New Zealand white rabbits, we observed variable numbers of adipocytes in the CP interstitium of control and xenobiotic-treated animals. The adipocytes were unilocular and consistent morphologically with white adipose tissue. There was a striking variability in the number of adipocytes; however, the presence of adipocytes was not associated with other microscopic findings that would suggest a pathologic process. The morphology of adipocytes was reminiscent of what is observed normally in the interstitium of other tissues like skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and the subcutis. Therefore, we propose that the interstitial adipocytes not be recorded as a finding in preclinical studies unless the adipocytes are altered spontaneously (ie, lipoma) or after xenobiotic treatment.