bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGUKURAN CAPABILITY LEVEL TATA KELOLA DAN MANAJEMEN TI MENGGUNAKAN COBIT 5.0 PADA PT WELLCOMM RITELINDO PRATAMA
Authors: Pratama Aditya , Herby Deborah
Published: August 2019

In this study, researchers wanted to find out the level of information technology in the company through measuring the capability level of governance and information technology management at PT Wellcomm Ritelindo Pratama using the COBIT 5.0 framework. There are 3 research methods used, that is: observation, interview, and checklist. The first is to hold discussions about the goals of PT Wellcomm Ritelindo Pratama based on enterprise goals in COBIT 5.0. The second is mapping the company goals / enterprise goals to the IT goals of the company / it goals. Third is to enter into the process in COBIT 5.0. From the calculation results obtained from the process questionnaire is to determine the capability level of the process (target maturity) and whether the process can continue until the last level (5) or must stop at the initial level (1). The final step is to provide recommendations based on the final capability level and target capability level (next level). The results of measuring capability capability management and IT management using COBIT 5.0 PT Wellcomm Ritelindo Pratama, found several weaknesses that must be a concern of management in the future. The recommendations given are based on two targets: the target is carried out fully, so that the company can carry out each activity and complete it so that it can be said that the activity is carried out fully, and the target to be able to move up to the next level.
PENERAPAN METODE BERNYANYI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN MUFRADAT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI RAODHATUL ATHFAL
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Awaluddin A. Fajar
Published: August 2019

This study aims to improve the acquisition of Arabic vocabulary in early childhood with singing techniques. Children of all ages are basically happy to listen, sing and learn with songs. Therefore, music in general is an important part of the teaching-learning process for young students. The results showed that early childhood students enjoyed learning Arabic by singing and it was easier to remember the vocabulary taught by the teacher. Thus, it can be concluded that  the singing technique is able to improve the mastery of early childhood Arabic vocabulary especially for students of the Raodhatul Athfal Ma'had Hadits Al-Junaidiyah Blue Bone.Keywords: Singing technique, vocabulary mastery, Arabic
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN OPEN ENDED PROBLEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII
Authors: Sirwanti Sirwanti , Riska Riska
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine how the influence of the open-ended problem approach to the students’ mathematics learning outcomes at grade VII SMP Muhammadiyah Walattasi, Soppeng Regency. The researcher used 2 classes; experimental and control class. This study used a Nonequivalent Control Group Design with quasi-experimental type. The research population is students of grade VII SMP Muhammadiyah Walattasi, Soppeng Regency. Learning outcome data is processed using independent T-test samples through normality prerequisite tests (Kolmogorof Smirnov) and homogeneity tests for variance in statistical tests with significance level (α = 0 .05). Data were processed by utilizing SPSS version 23 software. The results of hypothesis testing indicated that Tcount Ttable or 4,561 2,011, like to see sig data. (2 tailed) the experimental class and the control class 0,000 0.05, Based on these results, it could be conclude that there is an influence of the open-ended problem approach to the students’ mathematics learning outcomes at grade VII SMP Muhammadiyah Walattasi, Soppeng Regency. Kata Kunci: open-ended problem; Students’ Mathematics learning outcome
DIAGNOSTIK KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT NEGATIF
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Danial Danial , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: August 2019

This study is qualitative research that aims to describe and analyze the students’ learning difficulties in mathematical operations of negative integers. The subjects of the study were two students of 286 SDN 286 Pasaka. Giving test (diagnostic tests) and interviewing were conducted to collect the data. The results of the study show that basically the learning difficulties experienced by the subject IS and subject RV is the same: the lack of understanding of the concept of negative integer operations. Due to the lack of understanding of the concept, the subject is difficult to abstract, generalize and remember the concept or principle of operating negative integer operations. To overcome the learning difficulties experienced by students, the teacher must ensure students have mastered the prerequisite material, design ways of delivering teaching materials with effective communication and pay attention to family circumstances and social conditions of students.Keywords: Characteristics of items, item difficulties, discrimination
Extending the ACEs Framework: Examining the Relations Between Childhood Abuse and Later Victimization and Perpetration with College Men
Authors: Voith Laura A. , Anderson RaeAnn Elizabeth , Cahill Shawn P
Published: August 2019

Research has revealed that forms of violence are interconnected, but less work focuses on the interconnection of victimization and perpetration, particularly with men. Subsequently, our understanding of the complexities of violence exposure in men’s lives and related policies and treatments remains limited. The present study utilizes a sample of at-risk for violence involvement, college men, to examine the relationships between childhood victimization, adulthood victimization, and adulthood perpetration. Participants are 423 college men receiving course credit who completed a battery of standardized questionnaires via an anonymous Web survey. Logistic regression is used. Results indicate that 27% of the men report polyperpetration (two or more types of perpetration), 43.5% report polyvictimization (two or more types of victimization), and 60% report experiencing both forms of victimization and perpetration in the past year. Childhood physical abuse has predictive power for perpetration (psychological aggression and polyperpetration) and victimization (sexual violence, psychological, and polyvictimization) for the men in the past year. Childhood sexual abuse has strong predictive power for perpetration (physical violence, sexual violence, and polyperpetration) and victimization (physical violence and sexual violence) with the men in the past year. Finally, emotional abuse has predictive power for victimization (physical violence and psychological aggression), but not perpetration, for the men in the past year. Developmental psychopathology and the adverse childhood experiences frameworks are used to posit potential pathways explaining the relation between childhood abuse and the overlap between victimization and perpetration in adulthood for men. Implications of this study include the use of trauma-informed models of care with men and expanding the scope of study to examine experiences of both victimization and perpetration, and various types of violence, among men.
Scientifically proving God's existence
Authors: Taylor John joseph
Published: August 2019

It is possible to scientifically test/prove the existence of an ultimate form of consciousness. However, it is not possible to scientifically conclude whether this supreme form of consciousness, is indeed God (which is defined as the creator and ruler of the universe). Moreover any contention, which seeks to prove the existence of God scientifically, must do so by modifying arguments which have premises that when added together undoubtedly lead to the conclusion that God exists. The premises themselves must be modified, so that they can be tested by the scientific method. It is also implied at the end of this paper, that the methods suggested in this article, could be applied to other areas of philosophy in order to empirically test various ideas.
Capturing situational dynamics: Strength and pitfalls of the experience sampling method
Authors: Masur Philipp K.
Published: August 2019

Communication research has often either used self-report questionnaires or experimental designs to study communication phenomena. Scholars thereby either draw inferences about these phenomena through people’s retrospection in surveys or by isolating particular factors and behaviors to identify causal mechanisms. Although both approaches have strengths, they nonetheless fail to capture dynamics and processes that results from different situationally-varying environmental and personal factors. This chapter therefore proposes a situational framework that allows to investigate non-situational and situational antecedents of perceptions or behaviors. It furthers describes the merits of using the experience sampling method (ESM) for testing such processes. Different types of data collection techniques and sampling strategies are presented and discussed. Using a real-world data set of 164 participants who completed 1,104 situational questionnaires, this chapter further illustrates how data obtained in ESM studies can be analyzed using a multilevel approach. Several aspects of this analytical approach such as power issues, centering decisions, random intercept and random slope models will be presented and discussed. Finally, an analytical strategy to test whether the potential burden of having to complete repeated measurements in ESM designs producebiases in participant’s response patterns will be presented.
Indonesia’s Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human
Authors: Astanto Theresya Jeini
Published: August 2019

PI Kp B, kelompok 3 Indonesia’s Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human
Template inarxiv
Authors: Aribowo Eric Kunto , Irawan Dasapta Erwin
Published: August 2019

template for inarxiv preprint
PENGELOMPOKAN BKP DAN JKP PPnBM
Authors: Prabowo Rachmad Gesah Mukti
Published: August 2019

Pajak Penjualan Barang Mewah merupakan pajak yang dikenakan terhadap penjualan barang/jasa yang dikategorikan mewah. Makalah ini memberikan gambaran sederhana terkait barang kena pajak dan jasa kena pajak dalam Pajak Penjualan Barang Mewah.
Goal-directed control on interval schedules does not depend on the action-outcome correlation
Authors: Garr Eric , Bushra Badrunnesa , Tu Norman , Delamater Andrew R.
Published: August 2019

When an organism’s action is based on an anticipation of its consequences, that action is said to be goal-directed. It has long been thought that goal-directed control is made possible by experiencing a strong correlation between response rates and reward rates (Dickinson, 1985). To test this idea, we designed a set of experiments to determine whether the response rate-reward rate correlation is a reliable predictor of goal-directed control on interval schedules. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on random interval (RI) schedules in which the response rate-reward rate correlation was manipulated across groups. In tests of reward devaluation, rats behaved in a goal-directed manner regardless of the experienced correlation. In Experiment 2, rats once again experienced either a strong or weak correlation, but on RI schedules with lower overall reward densities. This time, behavior appeared habitual regardless of the experienced correlation. Experiment 3 confirmed that the density of the RI schedule influences goal-directed control, and also revealed that extensive training on these schedules resulted in goal-directed action. Finally, in Experiment 4 goal-directed responding was greater and emerged sooner on fixed than random interval schedules, but, again, was manifest after extensive training on the RI schedule. Taken together, our data suggest that goal-directed and habitual control are not determined by the correlation between response rates and reward rates. We discuss the importance of temporal uncertainty, action-outcome contiguity, and reinforcement probability in goal-directed control.
Do People Want to Be More Moral?
Authors: Sun Jessie , Goodwin Geoffrey
Published: August 2019

Most people want to change some aspects of their personality, but does this phenomenon extend to moral character, and to close others? Targets (N = 800) and well-acquainted informants (N = 958) rated targets’ personality traits and reported how much they wanted the target to change each trait. Targets and informants reported a lower desire to change more morally-relevant traits (e.g., honesty, compassion, fairness), compared to less morally-relevant traits (e.g., anxiety, sociability, productiveness)—even after controlling for current trait levels. Moreover, although targets and informants generally wanted targets to improve more on traits that targets had less desirable levels of, targets’ moral change goals were less calibrated to their current trait levels. Finally, informants wanted targets to change in similar ways, but to a lesser extent, than targets themselves did. These findings suggest that moral considerations take a backseat when it comes to self-improvement.
Determining our Destiny: Do Restrictions to Collective Autonomy Fuel Collective Action?
Authors: Kachanoff Frank , Kteily Nour , Khullar Thomas , Park Hyun Joon , Taylor Donald
Published: August 2019

Groups experience collective autonomy restriction whenever they perceive that other groups attempt to limit the freedom of their group to determine and express its own identity. We argue that collective autonomy restriction motivates groups (both structurally advantaged and disadvantaged) to improve their power position within the social hierarchy. Four studies spanning real-world (Studies 1 and 2) and lab-based (Studies 3 and 4) intergroup contexts supported these ideas. In Study 1 (N=311), Black Americans’ (a relatively disadvantaged group) experience of collective autonomy restriction was associated with greater support for collective action, and less system justification. In Study 2, we replicated these findings with another sample of Black Americans (N=292). We also found that collective autonomy restriction was positively associated with White Americans’ (a relatively advantaged group, N=294) support for collective action and ideologies that bolster White’s dominant position. In Study 3 (N=387, 97 groups), groups that were susceptible to being controlled by a high-power group (i.e., were of low structural power) desired group power more when their collective autonomy was restricted (versus supported). In Study 4 (N=803, 257 groups) experiencing collective autonomy restriction (versus support) increased low-power group members’ support of collective action, decreased system justification, and evoked hostile emotions, both when groups were and were not materially exploited (by being tasked with more than their fair share of work). Across studies, we differentiate collective autonomy restriction from structural group power, other forms of injustice, group agency, and group identification. These findings indicate that collective autonomy restriction uniquely motivates collective behavior.
STEREOTIP PAHLAWAN SUPER: PERILAKU FISIK SUPERMAN DI BUKU KOMIK THE DEATH OF SUPERMAN
Authors: Bethari Adora Beata , Tawami Tatan
Published: August 2019

Stereotip telah menjadi isu pada setiap cerita tentang pahlawan super dalam buku komik dan studi ini bertujuan untuk mengindikasikan adanya stereotip pada pahlawan super dalam buku komik.  Pada studi ini, stereotip pahlawan super diargumentasikan sebagai perilaku fisik yang maskulin dengan memiliki patriotism yang tinggi. Studi ini difokuskan pada bagaimana perilaku fisik karakter Superman dalam buku komik the Death of Superman.
PERAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN PADA PEMBENTUKAN BRAND EQUITY
Authors: Ariningsih Endah Pri , Ekowati Titin , Budiyanto Budiyanto
Published: August 2019

Various variations mobile phone brands that enter the Indonesian market, consumers provides many alternatives to choose the products that best suit their needs. But on the other hand it can make consumers experience difficulties in making choices on the products they will buy. Marketers must be observant to see exactly what makes consumers interested in making purchases on handphone products. At present there are many mobile brands from China that have entered Indonesia and are in great demand by consumers in our country. Even though many years ago many considered Chinese-made products to be of poor quality In this study the researcher wanted to know how the role of the country of origin to be treated using three different countries using the COM difference was seen as the impact on the brand equity of the product. Research will be conducted using experimental design using 6 factors. The analysis tool that will be used in this study is different testing using One Ways ANOVA.

The results showed that there were only one of the six groups which proved to be significantly different between before and after the treatment. While the results of testing the impact of providing information proved that COO had an effect on brand equity for two products.
Predictive And Comparative Analysis On Products Demand In Supply Chain And Management
Authors:   Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Hussain Fahad , Haroon Muhammad Shahzad ,   Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: August 2019

Retailers industry normally involve big investment as their products have many categories with different options. To increase the profit margin, retailers need to identify the right products otherwise cost and stock of their products would increase significantly. The efficient demand forecast system is a useful method to accomplish prior goals, improve customer satisfaction and reduce out of stock conditions for products. The main idea behind this study is to predict the demand of products for future and increase the sales revenue of grocery retailing industry by using two machine learning algorithms namely support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN). In this study, the dataset of a supermarket located in Pakistan is used which comprises of the actual demand of the past year. The results specified that SVM ensured a better-forecasted quality rather than ANN.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BANKING UNION
Authors: Podgórski Maciej
Published: August 2019

The article provides an overview of the legal structure of the Banking Union consisting of two pillars – the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism. As a point of departure, it discusses the reasons for the creation of the Banking Union. Then, it analyses the legal structure of the Single Supervisory Mechanism in order to compare it to the legal framework of the Single Resolution Mechanism and shows that the differences in their design are a corollary of disparate legal bases for both instruments. Finally, it argues that the disputed legal basis for the regulation establishing the Single Resolution Mechanism is sufficient in light of Meroni doctrine as formulated in the Short-selling case.
MEDIATION IN POLISH LABOUR LAW: COMPARING ITS EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO LABOUR MEDIATION IN EU AND US LAW
Authors: Antolak-Szymanski Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

Mediation was popularized in modern times in the United States. Its origins were found in the mediation of labour disputes between unions and employers, as a means of avoiding strikes, and currently it is used more and more frequently in individual employment matters. While mediation is not as widespread in Poland to date, its use in labour and employment cases appears to have a similar arc of development. Since the 1990s, mediation has had a central and positive role in resolving collective labour disputes, and now it is being used increasingly in individual employment cases. This paper explains these developments, with a particular focus on the evolution and scope of employment mediation under Polish and European Union law. The author concludes that although the basic framework exists for mediation to develop further in Poland, further reforms would be helpful to ensure its success.
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS AS A FACET OF SUBSTANTIVE UNFAIRNESS OF CONSUMER CONTRACT TERMS IN THE PRACTICE OF POLISH COURTS
Authors: Sitnik Piotr
Published: August 2019

It is trite law and a common cliché reiterated in the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union that the economic situation of a consumer subjected to a purportedly unfair consumer contract clause is generally impertinent. This general tenet of the European regulation of unfair terms in consumer contractsis borne out particularly by Article 4(2) of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, under which assessment of the unfair nature of a term shall not encompass an inquiry into the adequacy of the price and remuneration, on the one hand, as against the services or goodssupplies in exchange, on the other, in so far as these terms are in plain intelligible language. Despite this seemingly bold orientation towards the formal side of the unfairness assessment, efforts have been made to inject into the judicial exercise of discretion a degree of consideration of the economic standing and interests of both the consumer and the trader involved in the particular dispute at hand. This has been done primarily by reference to the “significant imbalance” requirement pursuant to Article 3(1) of the Directive. The paper reviews an extensive crosssection of judgments handed down in Polish courts based upon the Polish transposition of the Unfair Terms Directive to show that the courts have on numerous occasions ventured outside the boundaries delineated by traditional legal analysis (even beyond the flexible bounds of purposive interpretation) to scrutinize the size and gravity of the economic burden the term under scrutiny is liable to impose upon the consumer relative to its economic strength on the market.
Teologiczne podstawy monastycznej mistyki nestoriańskiej (syro-orientalnej) w listach Jana z Dalijata
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: August 2019

The article attempts to draw an outline of the mystic theology of the Nesto­rian monk John of Dalyatha (John Saba, „the Elder”), who lived at the border of what is now Turkey and Iraq at the turn of the 7th and the 8th centuries. His literary output consists of the letters and the homilies and belongs to the „golden age” of the East Syrian Christian literature. In line with the Nestorian Orthodoxy, John Saba denied the perception of the God’s nature, which was identified by him with the transcendent nature of Father. He accepted, however, a contemplation of God’s glory, understood as a radiance and a reflection of the invisible nature. John of Dalyatha was the only mystic who attempted to explain this distinction in the light of ideas of St. Paul (2Cor 3:18 and 4:6). The subject of the current analysis is the idea behind the expressions „remembrance of God” and „the world of changeability”. Unceasing looking at the God, and searching for Him deep into the heart is necessary for the development of mystical sensitivity. The psychological depth of John’s religious programme is striking. In the human soul, the heart is the place of a union with the God, as it was in „the Holy of Holies”. John conveys his spiritual experience, although he is fully conscious of imperfect means through which man can communicate the mysteries of God.
Miejsce ekfrazy w bizantynistycznej historiografii artystycznej
Authors: Smorąg Różycka Małgorzata
Published: August 2019

In Byzantium, writing ekphrases was one of the standard literary skills, de­veloped during school instruction. Yet, in Byzantine art history, the analysis of Byzantine ekphrases had long been beyond the scope of researchers who favoured rather the iconographic and formal comparative methods. It was not until the dis­covery of the role of rhetoric in the shaping of pictorial formulae and iconographic programmes of paintings, by H. Maguire, that the importance of ekphrases was fully recognised – especially as far as interpretation of the contents of art works and the understanding of mechanisms governing the development of iconographic and compositional programmes that ‘defied’ the canon were concerned. The examples of ‘reversed’ compositional schemes in the Christ’s Entry into Jerusalem scene in the Church of the Virgin at Daphni or the Holy Myrrhbearers at the Sepulchre in the Mileševa Monastery, discussed in the present paper, consi­dered within a broad context of architectural space and the liturgy, have demons­trated that the Byzantine artist was able to freely shape his pictorial formulae while looking for new ways of visualising dogmatic content, especially in the period after the Iconoclastic Controversy (726-843). An example of Michael Psellos’ ekphrasis of an image of the Crucifixion fur­ther proves that also Byzantine writers were faced with a similar problem of fin­ding adequate forms for expressing dogmatic content in keeping with the literary canon. In his description of the image, Psellos not only identified its particular elements (schemata) but also referred to the experience and knowledge of the recipient who was supposed to be able to discern in the picture also the reality that could not be represented using artistic means. Thus, the above affinity between the artistic and literary stances seems to re­lease the researchers of Byzantine art from strict adherence to stereotypical inter­pretations in keeping with the methodological canon.
Kilka uwag o wpływie hezychazmu na przedstawienie chrztu Chrystusa na przykładzie sztuki z terenów Królestwa Serbii
Authors: Piórecka Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

The influence of hesychasm on representation on Christ’s baptism isn’t so obvious as in the case of transfiguration, anastasis or koimesis. On the contrary to the mentioned above, it hasn’t had its own study. We can assume, that the rise of interest in hesychasm during the kingship of Milutin is connected to Milutin’s pro­gramme of translation important theological and philosophical texts into Serbian language. In all referred images, we can see a manifestation of the mystical light of God. In the case of transfigurations, koimesis and anastasis, this light is illustra­ted by mandorla (almond-shaped aureole) around Christ. In depictions of baptism, mandorla surround the dove of the Holy Spirit. In the Serbian art mandorla takes, repeatedly, very complicated shapes. Additionally, in the baptism and koimesis scenes, above Christ’s head, appear open doors of Heaven. This can emphasise presence of God.
Image and Metaphor of the Sea in the Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew by John Chrysostom
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: August 2019

In this article analyzes all statements of John Chrysostom from the Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew containing terms: pšlagoj and q£lassa, used by our author as a designation of the sea. This analysis allowed for the extrac­tion of few groups of sea metaphors. Chrysostom points on the sea as one of the elements of the Universe (together with heaven and earth). He describes the sea as a dangerous and uncontrollable wild element, but still subjected to Christ. The image of the sea, which – because of its enormity – is beyond other elements of the Universe, is used by Golden Tongued to describe immensity and commonness. And the reference to sea threats (winds, sea currents, storms, shallows) inclines him to describe human life as a sailing across the rough sea.
Wizerunek pustyni i jej mieszkańców w świetle świadectw Świętych Ojców z Synaju
Authors: Wolińska Teresa
Published: August 2019

We owe important testimonies about local nomads to monks and pilgrims vi­siting Sinai. The information about them can be found in the works of Nilus of Sinai, Nilus of Ancyra, Ammonius, Jerome, Anastasius Sinaita or John Moschos. The image of the nomads, both Arabs and Blemmyds is painted in rather dark co­lours. The Christian authors pointed to the fact that they did not have permanent residences, nor cultivated land, but lived on what they hunted or robbed. They de­voted much attention to the attacks of the nomads on monasteries, hermits and pil­grims. They also reported the fate of the latter in captivity. They were shocked by Saracen beliefs, the cult of al-Uzza, identified with Aphrodite and bloody victims, especially human, although the latter has often been questioned by researchers. It seems that such practices may have happened, although rarely. Those Saracens who had adopted Christianity were presented in a different manner. They were allies of monks and hermits, defending them fromtheir pagan brothers. Even if their customs had not radically changed, for the Christian writers they were no longer barbarians. In the written sources, there is little information about collaboration between ascetics and nomadic communities, although we know from the archaeological sources that it took place, even in the form of trade exchange.
Zenon z Werony, Mowa I 39 (II, 18)
Authors: Nocoń Arkadiusz
Published: August 2019

Mowa Zenona z Werony Na dzień św. Arkadiusza (I, 39 [II, 18]), jest nie tylko podstawowym źródłem informacji o tym afrykańskim Świętym, ale również ważnym argumentem za afrykańskim pochodzeniem Biskupa Werony. Ważna jest także jeśli chodzi o sam rozwój literatury o męczeństwie. Tłumaczenie tej mowy na język polski, jest pierwszym w historii.
Święty Józef jako opiekun Jezusa i małżonek Maryi według Orygenesa
Authors: Grzywaczewski Jozef
Published: August 2019

Zasygnowaliśmy najważniejsze punkty nauki Orygenesa na temat św. Józefa. Dało się zauważyć, że teolog ten nie uprawiał tego, co dziś określilibyśmy jako józefologia. Nie interesował się on wprost postacią Józefa, a wspominał o nim, gdy mówił o Chrystusie i Maryi, a szczególnie o dziewiczym poczęciu Jezusa. W centrum myśli teologicznej Orygenesa był zawsze Boski Logos, który dla zbawienia ludzi przyjął ludzką naturę. Czynnikiem, który inspirował Orygenesa do pisania o Józefie, były satyryczne pogłoski, rozsiewane przez wrogów chrześcijaństwa: podczas, gdy jedni głosili, że Jezus był synem Józefa, inni dowodzili, że został poczęty w nielegalnym związku Maryi z jakimś obcym mężczyzną pod nieobecność Józefa. By nadać waloru takim pogłoskom, wymyślono nawet imię tegoż mężczyzny (Pantera). Największym polemistą antychrześcijańskim był Celsus. Jeszcze inni, nie odrzucając wprost nauki o Bożym macierzyństwie Maryi, twierdzili, że po narodzeniu Jezusa Józef i Maryja prowadzili życie małżeńskie i że z tego związku urodzili się tak zwani bracia Jezusa i Jego siostry, o których jest mowa w Ewangeliach. W takich okolicznościach Orygenes podjął zdecydowaną polemikę z fałszywymi pogłoskami i komentował naukę zawartą w Ewangeliach na temat natury Jezusa Chrystusa, Maryi jako Jego Matki oraz św. Józefa jako Jej małżonka, ale nie w potocznym tego słowa znaczeniu.
Toxaris albo O przyjaźni Lukiana z Samosat - ideał czy parodia?
Authors: Sowa Joanna
Published: August 2019

Chociaż Toksaris Lukiana jest formalnie dialogiem, jego zawartość stanowi zbiór fantastycznych i sentymentalnych historii o przyjaźni, przedstawianych przez Greka Mnesipposa i Scytę Toksarisa w formie retorycznego agonu, mającego dowieść wyższości jednej z nacji. Interpretacja dialogu stanowi problem: może być on odczytywany jako utwór, który w rozrywkowej formie przekazuje pochwałę tradycyjnej przyjaźni, lub też jako typowa dla Lukiana parodia, skierowana przeciwko sentymentalnym poglądom na męską przyjaźń, przedstawianym w romantycznych powieściach, legendach i mitach. W artykule tym sugeruję, że w Toksarisie Lukian posługuje się humorem przede wszystkim po to, aby podważyć powszechne stereotypy na temat Greków i „barbarzyńców”, a także pokazać nową formę przyjaźni – przyjaźń pomiędzy ludźmi dzielącymi podobne wartości, opartą na wspólnej paidei.
The Stages of Spiritual Life: Joseph Ḥazzāyā and the Greek Spiritual Legacy
Authors: Havrylyk Ihnatia
Published: August 2019

For the Assyrian Church of the East, the 5th century became a turning point, which somewhat changed the spiritual and theological face of this Church. It marked the beginning of translations of the philosophical texts and works of the Greek Fathers from Greek into the Syriac language. Some elements of the Greek spirituality gradually penetrated into the Syriac monastic environment, leaving its imprint on it. This article presents a panoramic view of the influence of the Greek ascetic tradition on the Syriac spirituality, as exemplified by the teachings of Joseph Ḥazzāyā, a spiritual author of the 8th century, who is considered to be a systematizer of all Syriac spiritual and mystical experiences. The teaching of Ḥazzāyā was, without a doubt formed, on the basis of his own Syriac tradition, as well as under the influence of great spiritual authorities of other traditions: Evagrius of Pontus, Macarius of Egypt, and John of Apamea. From them, Joseph borrowed the key concepts of his doctrine, formulating it for the first time in the so-called three-stage synthesis of spiritual life, covering various elements that are analyzed in this article.
Rozwój wspólnot domowego Kościoła w Ewangelii Marka w świetle "Tractatus in Marci Evangelium" Hieronima ze Strydonu
Authors: Mateja Leszek
Published: August 2019

Artykuł ukazuje proces powstawania struktury eklezjalnej w Ewangelii według św. Marka, począwszy od powstania pierwszej wspólnoty domowego Kościoła w oparciu o οἰκία Szymona i Andrzeja (por. Mk 1,29) do momentu spotkania w czasie pierwszego cudu rozmnożenia chlebów i ryb (por. Mk 6,34-44), podobnych wspólnot powstałych na terenie Galilei. Inspiracją do takiej interpretacji tej części Ewangelii według św. Marka był dla nas pierwszy zachowany komentarz do tejże Ewangelii autorstwa Hieronima ze Strydonu. Autor, komentując uzdrowienie niewidomego z Betsaidy (por. Mk 8,22-26), ukazał „dom” jako symbol Kościoła i przedstawił metodę interpretacji Pisma, dzięki której można tak odczytać przesłanie Ewangelii Marka.
Elihu jako mędrzec w historii egzegezy Księgi Hioba na przykładzie anonimowego "Commentarii in Job".
Authors: Jóźwiak Magdalena
Published: August 2019

Elihu jest pierwszym spośród antycznych komentatorów w historii egzegezy Księgi Hioba. W kwestii wystąpienia Elihu większa część egzegetów przyjmuje pogląd, iż jego mowy są późniejszym dodatkiem, wysuwając przy tym szereg argumentów (min. Elihu nie pojawia się w prologu ani w epilogu Księgi Hioba, język jego wystąpienia różni się od języka trzech przyjaciół Hioba, główny temat nauczania Elihu różni się od argumentów wysuwanych przez poprzedników w dyskusji). W niniejszym artykule omówiliśmy postać mędrca Elihu na przykładzie anonimowego Commentarii in Job. Temat został przedstawiony w trzech odsłonach. Po pierwsze, zaprezentowaliśmy pokrótce Commentarii in Job. Po drugie, nakreśliliśmy obraz Elihu, jaki wyłania się z anonimowego komentarza. W końcowym zaś i najważniejszym podpunkcie tego artykułu zreferowaliśmy na podstawie Commentarii in Job stosunek mędrca Elihu do Boga, do Hioba i trzech jego przyjaciół. Fragmenty z omawianego komentarza podajemy w tłumaczeniu własnym.
Karl Holl (1866-1926) – luterański badacz źródeł patrystycznych
Authors: Widok Norbert
Published: August 2019

Treść niniejszego artykuł została poświęcona badaczowi starożytności chrześcijańskiej, jakim był żyjący na przełomie XIX i XX w. Karl Holl (1866-1926). Urodzony w rodzinie protestanckiej znacznie angażował się w pogłębienie i rozwój protestantyzmu w Niemczech zarówno aktywnością społeczno-religijną, jak i twórczością pisarską. Obok tego pasma działalności w jego życiu okazał się on ponadto wybitnym historykiem, także publikując przyczynki naukowe odnoszące się starożytności chrześcijańskiej. Spośród nich na szczególną wzmiankę zasługują wydania krytyczne obejmujące pisma Epifaniusza. Śmiało zaprezentował bowiem swój punkt widzenia w kwestii autorstwa utworów ukazujących Epifaniusza jako ikonoklastę, a będących przez wieki przypisywane innym autorom. Mimo szerokiej dyskusji trwającej kilka dziesięcioleci w XX w. linia badawcza nakreślona przez K. Holla pozostała niezmieniona. Kunszt badawczy i solidność w prowadzeniu analiz filologicznych i historycznych tego uczonego zasługują zatem na przypomnienie.

 

Słowa kluczowe: Karl Holl, historyk, literatura wczesnochrześcijańska, wydania krytyczne, protestantyzm
Ślady Orygenesowej egzegezy w „De monastica exercitatione” Nila z Ancyry
Authors: Nieścior Leon
Published: August 2019

W swoim głównym piśmie na temat monastycznej ascezy, De monastica exercitatione, Nil z Ancyry (zm. ok. 430) stosuje wiele alegorycznych wyjaśnień Biblii, zwłaszcza Starego Testamentu. Niektóre z nich zdają się nosić ślady wpływu Orygenesa. Wpływ Aleksandryjczyka, bezpośredni lub pośredni, odnajdujemy w aluzjach Nila z Ancyry do: Rdz 3, 15, Sdz 15, 4, 1 Sm 14, 13, Ps 137 (136), 9, Lm 4, 5, Za 11, 17. O ile Orygenes stosuje alegorię w tych przypadkach na gruncie doktrynalnym i ascetycznym, to Nil z Ancyry zawęża ją na ogół do tematyki ascetycznej.
„Wszystko ma swój czas". Patrystyczna egzegeza Księgi Eklezjastesa 3,1-8
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: August 2019

Z wczesnochrześcijańskich dzieł egezegetycznych dotyczących Księgi Eklezjastesa zachowały się nieliczne fragmenty komentarza Orygenesa, obszerna część komentarza Dydyma Ślepego, homilie św. Grzegorza z Nyssy, krótki komentarz literalny przypisywany św. Janowi Chryzostomowi, komentarz o charakterze umiarkowanie alegorycznym św. Hieronima i komentarz Grzegorza z Agrigentum, biskupa Sycylii z przełomu VI i VII wieku. Analiza zawartego w powyższych dziełach komentarza do wersetów Koh 3, 1-8 ujawnia dwojaki charakter patrystycznej egzegezy tego biblijnego tekstu: uniwersalny i indywidualny. Z jednej strony autorzy odnoszą tekst Koh 1-3 do czasu w wymiarze powszechnym, obejmującego historię zbawienia ludzkości i związanego z działalnością Opatrzności Bożej, czuwającej nad przebiegiem procesu dziejowego. Z drugiej strony interpretują ten passus w odniesieniu do życia duchowego każdego chrześcijanina, jego głębokiej relacji do Boga, procesu doskonalenia wewnętrznego, walki z wadami i nabywania cnót. Oba wymiary czasowe się przenikają: indywidualna droga człowieka do doskonałości wpisuje się w zaplanowane przez Boga dzieje zbawienia ludzkości. Każda czynność, zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i uniwersalnym, ma swój właściwy czas wyznaczony przez Boga.
Antoni Tronina, Księga Jubileuszy czyli Mała Genesis. Przekład i opracowanie (Apokryfy Starego Testamentu 4; Kraków – Mogilany: The Enigma Press 2018)
Authors: Majewski Marcin
Published: August 2019

Recenzja książki: Antoni Tronina, Księga Jubileuszy czyli Mała Genesis. Przekład i opracowanie (Apokryfy Starego Testamentu 4; Kraków – Mogilany: The Enigma Press 2018) Ss. 384, ISBN: 978-83-86110-84-1.
Teologiczna funkcja terminów καιρός i χρόνος w Apokalipsie Janowej
Authors: Siemieniec Tomasz Marcin
Published: August 2019

Prezentowany artykuł zajmuje się teologiczną funkcją terminów καιρός i χρόνος w Apokalipsie Janowej. Rzeczownik kairos występuje pięć razy w księdze (1,3; 11,18; 12,12; 12,14; 22,10). Akcentuje on przede wszystkim interwencję Boga w dzieje świata i ludzi. Choć termin kairos nacechowany jest eschatologicznie, to jednak Bożej interwencji nie można jednak ograniczać jedynie do paruzji. Czasy eschatologiczne zostały bowiem zainaugurowane wraz z przyjściem Mesjasza na ziemię. Z tego powodu całe dzieje świata widziane z tej perspektywy stają się nieustannym kairos, kiedy to Bóg działa na rzecz ludu. Termin chronos, który w swoim podstawowym znaczeniu wskazuje na okres czasu, w Apokalipsie akcentuje czas widziany niejako z perspektywy człowieka (z ziemskiej perspektywy). Jest to zatem czas dany człowiekowi na nawrócenie (2,21), czas objawiania się Boga w historii (10,6). Jest to również czas działania Szatana, który widziany w świetle wydarzenia Mesjasza, jawi się jako „czas krótki” (6,11; 20,3), nawet jeśli dla wiernych jest to czas prześladowania.
Koncepcja czasu w chrześcijaństwie orientalnym
Authors: Żelazny Jan Witold
Published: August 2019

Koncepcja teologii orientalna często utożsamiana jest z tradycją małoazjatycką, choć wydaje się być to dużym uproszczeniem. Charakteryzuje się ona dużym naciskiem na materialny wymiar zbawienia, na realną, materialną odpłatę za dobro i zło. Czas dla semity jest realnie istniejący, choć jego bieg może być różny. Bóg wymyka się kategorii czasu (Efrem), choć ludzie tu i w eschatologicznej przyszłości podlegają jego prawom. Historia ma dla chrześcijan orientalnych walor zapisu odpowiedzi Boga na ludzkie wybory, a jej  obserwacja pozwala zrozumieć, które nasze interpretacje były słuszne, a które nie. Zachowanie pokoju z Bogiem, życie w zgodzie z jego przykazaniami ma swoje potwierdzenie, prędzej czy później, w naszych dziejach w wymiarze tego świata. Ta zasada sprawiedliwości zostanie przeniesiona na rzeczywistość zbawionych. Stąd nacisk na historię i interpretację wydarzeń w kategoriach konfirmacji pax deorum w życiu wspólnot chrześcijańskich. W artykule, poprzez kolejnych autorów, podjęto próbę ukazania, jak taka postawa wobec czasu manifestowała się w literaturze chrześcijańskiej kręgu języka syryjskiego.
Periodyzacja historii w Księdze Daniela
Authors: Parchem Marek
Published: August 2019

W Księdze Daniela pojawia się charakterystyczna dla pism apokaliptycznych specyficzna koncepcja historii mająca wymiar uniwersalny, która swoim zasięgiem obejmuje dzieje całego świata. Historia w Księdze Daniela jest ukazana przede wszystkim w aspekcie teologicznym, ponieważ jedynie Bóg jest Panem historii objawiającym w niej swoją królewską władzę, potęgę i majestat, jak również Władcą kontrolującym bieg wydarzeń w dziejach wielkich imperiów ziemskich. Cechą koncepcji historii ukazanej w Księdze Daniela (Dn 2 i 7) jest jej periodyzacja, której podłożem jest tzw. schemat czterech królestw, co wyraża prawdę o tym, że  historia zmierza do swego kresu. Dzieje świata są ukazane jako kolejno następujące po sobie imperia ziemskie, z których każde następne jest gorsze od poprzedniego, co uwypukla prawdę o ich stopniowej degradacji moralnej. Z powodu nasilającego się zła, wszystkie ziemskie imperia będą unicestwione, a na ich miejscu zostanie ustanowione przez Boga wieczne i niezniszczalne królestwo. W odmienny sposób periodyzacja historii została ujęta w Dn 9, gdzie w nawiązaniu do chronologii „szabatowej” (Kpł 25-26), historia została podzielona na „siedemdziesiąt tygodni (lat)”, a przy końcu tego okresu nastanie „wieczna sprawiedliwość”, czyli era ostatecznego zbawienia.
ANALISIS KEGIATAN DAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI TERHADAP KEGIATAN KULIAH PRAKTIK LAPANGAN ZOOLOGI VERTEBRATA
Authors: Maryanti Sri , Sa'adah Siti , Sholehah M
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine student perceptions of vertebrate zoological field study at LIPI Cibinong. The research method used is a descriptive method with survey techniques. The survey was conducted on 52 students of Biology Education department at UIN SGD Bandung. The results showed that 80.2% of students gave positive perceptions of vertebrate zoology field study because according to the students this field study could increase the meaningful learning, expand knowledge about vertebrate zoology, and strengthen the intimacy between students. Also, students believe that the field study is an implementation of Edutainment activities.
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa yang Menggunakan Multimedia Interaktif dengan Buku Teks dalam Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA
Authors: Wahdan Wilsa Asrizal
Published: August 2019

Learning is a process that requires resources as a support in the success of learning. As an educator, teachers must be careful in choosing the learning resources needed by students, so that the learning process can be achieved according to the purpose of learning. But in fact, the learning that teachers do in schools is still not utilizing the media as an appropriate learning resource for students, especially in the understanding of abstract biological concepts that require supporting media for student learning. This study aims to describe differences in student learning outcomes that use interactive multimedia with textbooks in biology learning at senior high school. The method used in this study is quasi-experimental, with Control Group Pretest - Posttest Design. Population in this research is class XI-MIPA I and XI-MIPA II. Class XI-MIPA I as experimental class and class XI-MIPA II as control class. The data were obtained by using a multiple choice test instrument of 30 questions. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest it was found that the average value of the experimental class was greater than the control class. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there are differences in student learning outcomes that use interactive multimedia with textbooks in biology learning at senior high school.
Reminder System dan Monitoring Proyek untuk Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Berbasis Web
Authors: Riyanto Nikko Putra
Published: August 2019

Monitoring proyek merupakan suatu prosedur yang diperlukan untuk memastikan proyek yang sedang dikerjakan dapat dikelola dengan efektif dan dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu. Permasalahan yang ada saat ini, terdapat beberapa proyek yang sedang dikerjakan kerap mengalami keterlambatan serta proses pelaporan pekerjaan proyek yang tidak terintegrasi dengan data pengembangan proyek pada sistem berjalan menyebabkan pencarian informasi historical aktivitas proyek sulit untuk dilakukan. Selain itu perhitungan penilaian kinerja karyawan masih dilakukan dengan cara konvensional menggunakan Microsoft Excel, sehingga memakan waktu cukup lama dalam pembuatannya. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah sistem reminder dan monitoring aktivitas pengembangan proyek yang juga dapat digunakan untuk penilaian kinerja karyawan berbasis web, sehingga diharapkan dapat mempermudah proses monitoring dan pelaporan aktifitas proyek serta mempercepat proses penilaian kinerja karyawan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan studi kasus dengan menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall dan menggunakan perancangan diagram UML
Penerapan Algoritma Simple Additive Weighting (Saw) Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelanjutan Proyek Pada PT XYZ
Authors: Amarullah Arief , Saragih Tarimantan Sanberto
Published: August 2019

Geliat persaingan bisnis di era industri 4.0 kini semakin ketat, setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk bisa bergerak lebih dinamis dan efektif dalam melakukan kegiatan bisnisnya. Perusahaan juga dipacu untuk lebih bijak dalam mengambil keputusan strategis dan terukur untuk keberlangsungan bisnis. Namun dalam perjalanan bisnis perusahaan dari tahun  ke tahun khusus untuk bisnis layanan jasa belum mencapai target yang maksimal setiap tahun. Sehingga perusahaan harus memberikan perhatian lebih terhadapat kondisi ini. Berdasarkan data pencapaian target dari beberapa tahun terakhir belum mencapai hasil maksimal yang diharapkan oleh perusahaan.  Mengukur produktifitas proyek yang dikerjakan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk menentukan sejauh mana sebuah proyek dapat memberikan hasil positif bagi perusahaan. Agar perhitungan tingkat produktifitas proyek lebih akurat maka dibutuhkan sistem pendukung keputusan dengan menggunakan salah satu metodenya yaitu metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Luaran dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna dan memudahkan perusahaan dalam menentukan produktiftias proyek yang telah dikerjakan dan kelayakan untuk menentukan kelanjutan suatu proyek .