bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are the Symptoms of Late Urogenital Toxicity After Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer Transient or Do They Worsen Over Time?
Authors: Stankovic Vesna V. , Bukumiric Zoran M. , Stanic Jelena D. , Kopcalic Katarina V. , Milosevic Nenad M. , Raonic-Stevanovic Tanja V. , Nikitovic Marina R.
Published: July 2021

Our aim is to estimate incidence and prevalence rates as well as overall changes in the degree of late urogenital toxicity (UGT) over time in patients treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for localized prostate cancer (PC) and to explored possible predictive factors for late UGT.Ninety-four patients with localized PC, treated with 3DCRT with a total dose of 72Gy/2Gy/daily, were examined in this study. The median follow-up was 66 months. Many individual and clinical characteristics were explored as possible predictive factors for late UGT.Incidences of late UGT grade ≥1, ≥2 and grade 3 were 64.89% (61/94), 22.34% (21/94) and 7.4% (7/94), respectively. The prevalence rates of late UGT grade ≥1, grade ≥2 and grade 3 were 26.6%-36.3%, 3.2-13.3% and 1.06%-7.89%, respectively. Statistically significant positive trend was found favoring an increase in the degree of late UGT over time (b=0.028; p<0.001). In the MVA, previous abdominal and pelvic surgery (PAPS) and acute UGT were significantly associated with late UGT grade≥1 (p=0.007) and (p=0.013), respectively.We can conclude that the degree of late UGT increases over time. PAPS and the occurrence of any grade of acute UGT have a significant influence on the development of any grade of late UGT.
Seasonal Intermittent Wetlands at the Desaguadero River. Argentine. Past, Present and Future Morphodynamics
Authors: Ojeda Guillermo Enrique , Chiesa Jorge , Ulacco Humberto
Published: July 2021

The Desaguadero River comprises the upper section of a major hydrological system called Desaguadero-Salado-Chadileuvú-Curacó, located in the central-western sector of Argentina, on the eastern edge of the Diagonal Árida Sudamericana climatic belt. Within this basin, extensive wetlands have developed at the confluence of two main Andean rivers, the Mendoza and San Juan rivers, and from the surface flows generated during floods associated with the mountain ice and snow melts on the catchment area. The water from these rivers was channeled along the Desaguadero river, a north-south approximately 150 km long channel. This paper proposed the Desaguadero river wetlands as a product of co-development of ephemeral lakes and lunettes dunes, based on geomorphological surveying and field work supported by stratigraphical analyses of relict lake-shores and fluvial sedimentary deposits along with historical climatic data. The morphodynamic activity of these wetlands gradually decreased since the end of the 19th century until practically disappeared in the 20th century, due to both natural and anthropic causes.
Impact of Pegfilgrastim Approval on Relative Dose Intensity and Outcomes of R-CHOP for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Morita Yuka , Kanemasa Yusuke , Sasaki Yuki , Ohigashi An , Tamura Taichi , Nakamura Shohei , Yagi Yu , Kageyama Akihiko , Omuro Yasushi , Shimoyama Tatsu
Published: July 2021

Maintaining the relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy with R-CHOP improves the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Pegfilgrastim was approved for use in Japan in November 2014 to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) and maintain RDI. We herein reviewed 334 patients with DLBCL who received six or more courses of R-CHOP and retrospectively analyzed the difference in the RDI, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients whose treatment started after November 2014 (the post-approval group) and those whose treatment started before October 2014 (the pre-approval group). The incidence of FN was lower (39.2% vs. 62.2%, P < 0.001) and the RDI of R-CHOP was higher (86.8% vs. 67.8%, P < 0.001) in the post-approval group. The RDI of patients aged < 70 years was maintained at a high level even if their RDI was predicted to be low based on the model derived from the pre-approval group. Pegfilgrastim was administered to many of these patients and was thought to have contributed to the high RDI maintenance in the post-approval group. The 5-year OS (85.7% and 69.9%, P = 0.009) and PFS (81.4% and 64.4%, P = 0.011) were superior in the post-approval group. In this group, improved survival outcomes were observed among patients with Ann Arbor stage 3/4 (5-year OS: 83.7% vs. 61.3%, P = 0.019) and high risk on the NCCN-IPI (5-year OS: 80.7% vs. 32.4%, P = 0.014). Maintenance of high RDI of R-CHOP and significant improvement in clinical outcomes, especially in high-risk groups, were observed after pegfilgrastim approval.
Effect of various parameters on the shear strength of solid-state nanoporous Cu bonding in Cu–Cu disks for power device packaging
Authors: Park Byungho , Han Duy le , Saito Mikkiko , Mizuno Jun , Nishikawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticle sintering is considered a promising alternative bonding method to Pb- based soldering for the attachment of components in high-temperature electronic devices. However, the technology still poses certain challenges, such as difficulty controlling joint thickness and the generation of voids owing to solvent evaporation. In this study, a solid-state (solvent-free), nanoporous-Cu (NPC) bonding method was examined. The effect of bonding temperatures (200–400°C) and atmospheres (N2 or formic acid) on the shear strength of joints formed between NPC sheets and bare Cu disks were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the bondability of NPC under an N2 atmosphere is closely related to the oxide layer formed on its surface that impairs the diffusion of Cu atoms between the NPC and Cu substrate. Furthermore, the coarsening of the NPC microstructure under a formic acid atmosphere at ≥ 350°C owing to the rapid diffusion of Cu atoms and accompanying plastic deformation induced by surface stress enhances the shear strength of the resulting NPC/Cu joint. The shear strength of NPC/Cu joints formed under a formic acid atmosphere increased from 14.1 to 35.9 MPa with increasing bonding temperature. Based on the results of the investigation, a mechanism was proposed to explain the superiority of the Cu–Cu joints achieved using this method.
Halogen…π Interactions in the Complexes of Fluorenonophane With Haloforms
Authors: Shishkina Svitlana V. , Dyakonenko Viktoriya V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Semynozhenko Volodimir P. , Bogashchenko Tatiana Yu. , Lyapunov Alexander Yu. , Kirichenko Tatiana I.
Published: July 2021

The study of two complexes of fluorenonophane with CHCl3 and CHBr3 molecules has revealed that they differ mainly by the halogen bonds between host and guest molecules. The experimental and theoretical quantum chemical study has shown that the strength of a halogen bond depends on the nature of a halogen atom as well as its orientation to the π-system. The more positive electrostatic potential was revealed at the bromine atom indicating the stronger halogen bond with its participation that was confirmed by the interaction energies calculated for corresponding dimers and the evaluation of the true energy of a halogen bond. The orientation of the chlorine atom at the carbon aromatic atom instead of the center of the benzene ring leads to the shortest Hal…C distance that points out the stronger interaction according to the geometrical characteristics. The EDA analysis of the fluorenonophane complexes with CHCl3 and CHBr3 and their analogs with one halogen atom replaced by the hydrogen atom allows us to presume that the nature of halogen bonding is rather dispersive than electrostatic.
Influences of Weaving Parameters on Dynamic Characteristics and Stability Control of the Droplet Transfer in Arc-Weaving P-GMAW Process
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Yuxi , CHEN Huabin , Chen Shanben
Published: July 2021

The dynamic characteristics of droplet transfer is extremely complicated with the combined effects of gravity force and weaving motion during the weaving vertical-up welding on thick plate. In this paper, we firstly observed the droplet transfer behavior under various weaving parameters with high-speed photography and electrical signals during pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW). Then we investigated the influences of different weaving parameters on the arc shape and molten pool as well as droplet characteristics. By establishing a novel weaving-force model based on static-force balance theory (SFBT), we further revealed the drop transfer mechanism in weaving P-GMAW process. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the suitable weaving parameters could effectively improve the droplet transfer stability and suppress welding defects including incomplete root penetration and lack of sidewall fusion. The findings of this paper will provide a basis for enhancing the welding process stability and obtaining a high-quality weld joint.
Assessment of Whole Gut Motility in Adolescents Using the Wireless Motility Capsule Test
Authors: Fritz Tanja , Huenseler Christoph , Broekaert Ilse
Published: July 2021

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are often associated with intestinal dysmotility representing a diagnostic challenge. A relatively new method is the wireless motility capsule (WMC) test, which continuously measures pH, pressure, temperature and regional transit times as it passes through the GI tract. In adults, the WMC test was approved for use in the diagnosis of gastroparesis and constipation by assessing GI transit and contractility. We performed the WMC test in nine adolescent patients aged 12–17 years with functional GI symptoms from July 2017 until February 2019. Abnormal transit times were detected in four patients. Three patients showed abnormal transit times of the upper GI tract, in two cases contractility analysis revealed gastroparesis, in one patient abnormal colonic transit was detected. Conclusion: The WMC test is a minimally invasive procedure with potential to expand future diagnostic opportunities for paediatric patients with functional GI disorders and suspected motility disturbances.
Building a Deep Learning Model to Generate Human Readable Text Using Recurrent Neural Networks and LSTM
Authors: HANAFI Anasse , BOUHORMA Mohammed , ELAACHAK Lotfi
Published: July 2021

Machine learning (ML) is a large field of study that overlaps with and inherits ideas from many related fields such as artificial intelligence (AI). The main focus of the field is learning from previous experiences. Classification in ML is a supervised learning method, in which the computer program learns from the data given to it and make new classifications. There are many different types of classification tasks in ML and dedicated approaches to modeling that may be used for each. For example, classification predictive modeling involves assigning a class label to input samples, binary classification refers to predicting one of two classes and multi-class classification involves predicting one of more than two categories. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very powerful sequence models for classification problems, however, in this paper, we will use RNNs as generative models, which means they can learn the sequences of a problem and then generate entirely a new sequence for the problem domain, with the hope to better control the output of the generated text, because it is not always possible to learn the exact distribution of the data either implicitly or explicitly.
An Optimal Approach for Heart Sound Classification Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fu’adah Yunendah Nur , Lim Ki Moo
Published: July 2021

Heart sound auscultation is one of the most widely used approaches for detecting cardiovascular disorders. Diagnosing abnormalities of heart sound using a stethoscope depends on the physician’s skill and judgement. Several studies have shown promising results in the automatic detection of cardiovascular disorders based on heart sound signals. However, the accuracy performance needs to be improved as automated heart sound classification aids in the early detection and prevention of the dangerous effects of cardiovascular problems. In this study, an optimal heart sound classification method based on machine learning technologies for cardiovascular disease prediction is performed. It consists of three steps: pre-processing that sets the 5 s duration of the Physionet Challenge 2016 datasets, feature extraction using mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC), and classification using an artificial neural network (ANN) with one hidden layer that provides low parameter consumption. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The best model obtained 94% accuracy and 93% AUC score, which were assessed using 1626 test datasets. Taken together, the results show that the proposed method obtained excellent classification results and provided low parameter consumption, thereby reducing computational time to facilitate a real-time implementation.
Study on the Impact Factors of Environmental Facility Planning and Design on Urban Development
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhu Minyuan
Published: July 2021

In the world of advancement, the development of the urban environment by providing favorable and secure conditions to the population are always directed to environmental factors of various levels. The role in urban development and growth remains an integral part of their management. It should focus on improving the effectiveness of territorial utilization and enhancing environmental resources.The planning will be based on the information regarding the past and present events of the recognized ecological processes in cities. Currently, there are several issues in towns that need to be addressed effectively and efficiently. The poor urban environment is a significant issue which leads to ecological issues. The environmental factors are one of the most important aspects that people should consider when implementing growth plans in the urban areas. This paper explores environmental factors such as Density, Compactness, Fragment, Variation, Cohesion in urban territory design and management.
The Central Strain Analytical Modeling and Analysis for the Plate Rolling Process
Authors: Jiang Lian-Yun , Wei Yaoyu , Li Heng , Ma Li-feng
Published: July 2021

The strain after rolling plays an important role in the prediction of the microstructure and properties and plate deformation permeability. So it is necessary to establish a more accurate theoretical strain model for the rolling process. This paper studies the modeling method of the equivalent strain based on the upper bound principle and stream function method. The rolling deformation region is divided into three zones (inlet rigid zone, plastic zone, and outlet rigid zone) according to the kinematics. The boundary conditions of adjacent deformation zones are modified according to the characteristics of each deformation zone. A near-real kinematics admissible velocity field is established by the stream function method on this basis. The geometric boundary conditions of the deformation region are obtained. The deformation power, friction power and velocity discontinuous power are calculated according to the redefined geometric boundary conditions. On this basis, the generalized shear strain rate intensity is calculated according to the minimum energy principle. Finally, the equivalent strain model after rolling is obtained by integrating the generalized shear strain rate in time. The plate rolling experiments of AA1060 and the numerical simulations are carried out with different rolling reductions to verify the analytic model precision of the equivalent strain. The results show that the minimum and maximum relative equivalent strain deviation between the analytic model and the experiment is 0.52% and 9.96%, respectively. The numerical calculation and experimental results show that the model can accurately calculate the strain along the plate thickness. This model can provide an important reference for the rolling process setup and the microstructure and properties prediction.
Qualitative Assessment of YouTube Videos as a Source of Patient Information for Corneal Transplant Surgery
Authors: Westwood Jessica , Hee Joshua Li Saw , Butt Gibran Farook
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Healthcare information is easily accessible on YouTube, however it is unregulated and the quality may vary considerably. This study characterised and evaluated the content on YouTube regarding corneal transplantation surgery.Methods: YouTube was searched using ‘corneal transplant’ and the variations for penetrating and lamellar transplants. The results were deduplicated and screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. A modified DISCERN tool was used to evaluate the quality of each video by two observers independently. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion and a third adjudicator where necessary.Results: 53 videos were included in this study and the mean overall DISCERN score was 1.91 out of 5 (SD = 0.90). Videos scored highest in relevance to corneal transplant (mean 3.89) and lowest in explaining which patients are unsuitable (mean 1.00) and offering sources of information (mean 1.11). The video with the highest viewer engagement (VPI) was a patient vlogging their experience of the procedure. Conclusion: Quality of YouTube content is variable and the lack of clarity over subtypes of corneal transplant can be confusing for patients. There is considerable scope to improve the use of visual aids, animations and diagrams within videos in order to supplement verbal information in clinic. Essential components needed to make an informed decision about corneal transplant are lacking in many videos, meaning videos may be a useful supplement but should not be relied on for comprehensive material.
Evolution Analysis of Process-induced Residual Stress During the Manufacture of Diesel Body
Authors: Zhao Donghao , Ai Zhuhua , Liu Yunlong , Li Guochao , Zhou Honggen , Bai Xiaoxiang , Cao Liping
Published: July 2021

Residual stress is most likely to cause deformation in a diesel body (DB). The traditional independent analysis method is no longer suitable for obtaining the residual stress of multi-process DBs, because the stress is constantly produced and changed during the casting, heat treatment, and cutting processes. Therefore, an evolution analysis method(EAM) is proposed. First, an evolution analysis model of a DB was established. Subsequently, the residual stress of the DB in the casting and heat treatment processes was analysed using ProCAST and ABAQUS. Finally, the material removal of the DB during the machining process was simulated by using ABAQUS. The residual stresses for every process were calculated by coupling inherited and process-induced stresses. Thus, the final stress distribution of the DB was deduced by considering the entire machining process. The evolution analysis of the residual stress is significant for controlling the deformation of the DB.
A New Titanopteran from Southwestern Korean Peninsula: The Triassic Age of the Nampo Group and its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon S. , Kim Do-Yoon , Nam Gi-Soo , Lee Mirinae
Published: July 2021

Titanopterans are well-known as giant predatory insects in the Triassic, but not only their rare occurrences have been limited to Central Asia and Australia, but also their phylogenetic affinity remains unresolved. The age of the nonmarine sequences of the Nampo Group at the southwestern Korean Peninsula is unclear, and the tectonic affinity of the surrounding area is contentions. Here we report a new titanopteran Magnatitan jongheoni gen. et sp. nov. the Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, which marks the first discovery of the titanopteran fossil from outside Central Asia and Australia, presenting a possible circum-Tethys Ocean distribution, at least, during the Late Triassic. The new fossil shows a clearly divided CuPb, which will help understand the evolution of titanopterans in the future. Moreover, the occurrence of a titanopteran finally confirms the Late Triassic age of the Nampo Group. In China, similar Late Triassic non-marine sequences are widespread in the Cathaysia Block, in which various geological features similar to those in the southwestern Korean Peninsula, such as a Paleozoic magmatism and an eclogite facies with Neoproterozoic protoliths, have been recently documented as in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. Such similarities may suggest a close tectonic affinity between the northeastern Cathaysia Block and the southwestern Korean Peninsula.
Importance of Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography for Evaluating Large Right-to-Left Shunt in Patent Foramen Ovale Associated with Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Akagi Teiji , Yokohama Fumi , Miki Takashi , Nakagawa Koji , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an effective therapy for preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS). The identification of high-risk PFO, which is more likely to be linked to CS, is essential. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of contrast transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluating large right-to-left (RL) shunt. We enrolled 119 patients with or without CS who were confirmed to have PFO. The severity of RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was classified as follows: small (<10 microbubbles), moderate (10–20 microbubbles), and large (>20 microbubbles). With contrast TTE, large RL shunt was observed in 94 (79%) of 119 patients, including 66 of 74 with CS and 28 of 45 without CS. With contrast TEE, large RL shunt was observed in 33 (28%) patients, including 26 with CS and 7 without CS. Contrast TTE showed large RL shunt more frequently than contrast TEE (p < 0.01). Large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE had a sensitivity of 89% and an accuracy of 70% for the association with CS, whereas large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TEE had a sensitivity of 35% and an accuracy of 56%. Accuracy was significantly greater in contrast TTE than in contrast TEE (p = 0.02). In conclusion, contrast TTE identified large RL shunt more frequently. Large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE provided greater accuracy for the association with CS. Our findings suggest that contrast TTE is valuable for evaluating large RL shunt as high-risk PFO.
GALNT14 expression in renal clear cell carcinoma and its effect on prognosis
Authors: Wei Yuqin , Wu Fan , Zhang Shengfeng , Tan Yanlin , Wu Qunying , Zhou Qingniao
Published: July 2021

Background The expression of GALNT14 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and its clinical significance remains unknown. Methods The KIRC data expressed by GALNT14 was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of GALNT14 was analyzed by R software, Perl software and online analysis database. The relationship between GALNT14 expression and clinicopathological features in KIRC was analyzed by univariate, multivariate Cox regression and some databases. Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Starbase v3.0, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier were used to analyze the relationship between GALNT14 expression and overall survival (OS) in KIRC. UALCAN detects the expression of GALNT14 methylation in KIRC. Linkedomics and Genemania were used to analyze the gene co-expression of GALNT14. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to search for potential regulatory pathways. Results We found that GALNT14 was overexpressed in KIRC (p=1.433e-25). Patients with high GALNT14 expression in KIRC had a better prognosis than patients with low GALNT14 expression (p=0.008). In addition, high GALNT14 expression in KIRC was significantly associated with low T stage and positive OS (p<0.05). Univariate Cox analysis showed that GALNT14 was positively correlated with OS (p<0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that GALNT14 was associated with OS (p<0.001), age (p=0.01) and histological grade (p=0.02). GALNT14 methylation is low expressed in KIRC (p<0.001). GSEA analysis showed that GALNT14 was enriched in histidine metabolism, peroxisome, and renin-angiotensin system pathways. Conclusion GALNT14 can be used as an independent prognostic factor for renal clear cell carcinoma and a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.
Causation between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM) and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH): A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China
Authors: DIAO Dan , Fang DIAO , Bin XIAO , LIU Ning , LI Fengjuan , Xu YANG
Published: July 2021

Both gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) would influence the gestation significantly. However, the causation between these two symptoms remains speculative. 16,404 pregnant women were identified in Harbin, China in this study. We investigated the evaluate the causal effect of GMD on PIH based on the statistic inference theory. The statistical results indicated that GDM might cause PIH. Also, this case study demonstrated that the decrease temperature might also cause hypertension during pregnancy, and the prevalence rate of GDM increased with age. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not show a remarkable difference in varied areas and ages. This study could provide some essential information that will help to investigate the mechanism for GDM and PIH.
Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition
Authors: Sharoni Shlomit , Halevy Itay
Published: July 2021

Although the nutrient content of planktonic organic matter (C:N:Porg) plays a crucial role in marine metazoan evolution and global biogeochemistry (1–3), its geologic history is poorly constrained, and it is often regarded as a constant “Redfield” ratio of C:N:Porg~106:16:1. We calculate C:N:Porg through the Phanerozoic by including nutrient- and temperature-dependent C:N:Porg parameterizations (4–6) in a model of long-term biogeochemical cycles (7). We infer a decrease from high Paleozoic C:Porg and N:Porg to present-day Redfield ratios. This gradual nutrient enrichment of marine organic matter stems from a decrease in the global average temperature and an increase in seawater phosphate availability, which are driven by various Phanerozoic events, mainly the middle to late Paleozoic emergence and expansion of land plants and the Triassic breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. The nutrient enrichment of planktonic organic matter likely impacted the evolution of marine fauna and global biogeochemistry.
Identification of the First Highly Selective inhibitor of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase B
Authors: Shibata Sachio , Sogabe Satoshi , Miwa Masanori , Fujimoto Takuya , Takakura Nobuyuki , Naotsuka Akihiko , Kitamura Shuji , Kawamoto Tomohiro , Soga Tomoyoshi
Published: July 2021

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+ and has two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB. LDHA is a promising target for cancer therapy, whereas LDHB is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation in oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, selective inhibitors for LDHB have yet to be reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry screening system using an LDHB enzyme assay by detecting NADH and NAD+. The screening campaign identified a small-molecule LDHB selective inhibitor AXKO-0046, an indole derivative. This compound exhibited uncompetitive LDHB inhibition (EC50 = 42 nM). X-ray crystallography identified its binding with the potential allosteric site away from the LDHB catalytic active site, suggesting that targeting the tetramerisation interface of the two dimers was critical for enzymatic activity. AXKO-0046 and its derivatives can be used to validate LDHB-associated pathways in cancer metabolism.
Hansische Umschau 2009
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2011
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Mittelalterliche Stadtbücher aus Preußen
Authors: Sarnowsky Jürgen
Published: July 2021

Medieval urban registers constitute a historical source of great importance, particularly since they have survived comparatively often. This article provides a schedule of the surviving Prussia urban registers, structured according to the categories employed by the Index Librorum Civitatum, a continuing project of the University of Halle. Listing both the urban registers already published and those yet unpublished is intended to illustrate the problems involved in producing a modern edition and to suggest possible solutions. In view of how multifarious the Prussian registers can be, it makes good sense to schedule them separately, while structuring the list to concord with the categories employed by the researchers in Halle. Indeed, it would be sensible to flank the calender with scans or digital photographs. However, decisions on the editorial standards to be employed – indeed, the fundamental decision to publish the entire text or merely calender the entries – must be made on a case-by-case basis. Particularly in those cases in which urban registers comprehend a wide variety of entries, individual solutions will have to be found in order to allow scholars to access the various categories of material readily and directly. Publication in the form of pdf files or simple digital editions makes good sense, even if collecting all materials in one central data bank would be ideal. Editions of the resolutions of quasi-legislative bodies should be structured according to the
Formation of Residual Stresses during Discontinuous Friction Treatment
Authors: Hurey I. , Gurey V. , Bartoszuk M. , Hurey T.
Published: July 2021

The tool with grooves on its working surface is used to improve the properties of the strengthened layer. This allows us to reduce the structure’s grain size and increase the thickness of the layer and its hardness. Mineral oil and mineral oil with active additives containing polymers are used as a technological medium during friction treatment. It is shown that the technological medium used during the friction treatment affects the nature of the residual stresses’ distribution. Thus, when using mineral oil with active additives containing polymers, residual compressive stresses are more significant in magnitude and depth than when treating mineral oil. The nature of the residual stresses diagram depends on the treated surface’ shape. After friction treatment of cylindrical surfaces, the highest compressive stresses near the treated surface decreases with depth. And after friction treatment of flat surfaces near the treated surface, the compressive stresses are small. They increase with depth, pass through the maximum, and then decrease to the original values. The technological medium used during friction treatment affects residual stresses in the grains and in the crystal lattice.
Mechatronic System’s Permeable Materials with Controlled Porosity
Authors: Povstyanoy O. , MacMillan A.
Published: July 2021

Up-to-date directions in the development of modern industry increase the requirements for the quality of technical products. The design and manufacture of competitive process equipment require accuracy, productivity, and efficiency. Therefore, in this article, a new mechatronic system has been designed and developed to help porous, permeable materials with predicted porosity have been produced. The research aims to develop a mechatronic system for technology optimization in manufacturing permeable porous materials with controlled properties. As a result, the method of computer modeling of porous, permeable materials was developed. It allows us to consider the peculiarities of porosity distribution and radial velocity in radial isostatic compression. Additionally, a new mechatronic system for producing permeable materials allows us to determine the porosity distribution and particular characteristics of permeable powder material. The proposed approach allows us to evaluate the impact of technological modes on the main operational characteristics.
Epistolary dialogue of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka on the national issue
Authors: Semenko Svitlana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the proposed scientific research is to study the correspondence between Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka as an organic component of the national journalism of the turn of the century in the direction of discussing the ways of forming the Ukrainian political nation. To solve the tasks, the author of the article used the following methods: problem-thematic, analytical, systematic and comparative analysis. The article notes that certain political accents of the epistolary heritage of the famous Ukrainian family have not lost their relevance for today’s creators of journalistic discourse as an important source for clarifying the mood of the then conscious national intelligentsia, the state of development of the Ukrainian national idea. The author of the article claims that the epistolary legacy of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka complements the journalistic discourse of the late 19th and early 20th centuries on the ways of forming the Ukrainian political nation, and will become a model of tolerant dialogue on current political issues.
Gender concepts in modern Ukrainian media
Authors: Chornodon Myroslava
Published: July 2021

The urgency of the topic of the scientific article is determined by the processes of finding new concepts and applying new approaches to the study of the gender concept of the modern periodicals for women and men in Ukraine. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. The purpose of the article is due to the processes of finding new concepts and the application of new approaches to the study of gender concepts in modern Ukrainian media. The study of the topic is relevant because it allows to identify new trends and features of modern gender images. The macroconcept «woman» can be conventionally divided into the main, that is, the most frequently used microconcepts in the magazines studied, such as: loved one, mistress, mother, girlfriend, mother-in-law, rival. As it turned out, in the studied editions, the macro concept of «man» is reflected in the most frequently used microconcepts: beloved, father, stranger, boss, son, friend. At the core of the gender conceptual sphere there is basic gender macro concepts «woman» and «man» that is used in the investigated periodical in different proportions, depending on the role of women and men in society. Especially because of the sensitivity, thoughtfulness, responsible selection of gender characteristics, which is presented in a gender-labeled periodical, modern and future is formed gender images.
Degree of resistance of Solanum torvum cultivars to Mi-1.2-virulent and avirulent isolates of Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Meloidogyne luci
Authors: Sargın Seren , Devran Zübeyir
Published: July 2021

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause yield losses in eggplant-growing areas. There are no known varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) that are resistant to RKNs. However, the wild relative of eggplant, S. torvum (Sw.), provides resistance to some RKN species and is used as a rootstock for cultivated eggplants. Therefore, determination of the reproductive capacity of nematodes on eggplant rootstocks developed from S. torvum is required for effective management of RKNs that are widely present in vegetable growing areas. In the present study, the degree of reproduction of Mi-1.2-virulent and avirulent isolates of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci on eggplant rootstocks, Hawk and Boğaç, was evaluated in a plant growth chamber. Hawk and Boğaç were resistant (< 10 egg masses per whole root system) to all avirulent and virulent isolates of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. luci. This study is the first report on the resistance of S. torvum to virulent isolates of M. luci. Results indicate that S. torvum offers broad-spectrum resistance against RKNs.
Assessing acute inhalation health risk caused by exposure to products created by nicotine-containing stuff consumption in enclosed spaces
Authors:   North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health, 4 2-ya Sovetskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation, Zaritskaya E.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation, Fedorov V.N. ,   North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health, 4 2-ya Sovetskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation, Iakubova I.S. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Contemporary research reveals that electronic devices for nicotine consumption produce not so negative effects on health due to adverse chemicals being emitted in substantially lower quantities. Nevertheless, such consumption still results in emission of various organic and non-organic substances with their effects on health being rather unpredictable. It is necessary to conduct additional studies, including those focusing on passive smoking of electronic cigarettes and assessing health risks caused by exposure to them. Our research goal was to assess acute health risks caused by passive consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. We built a model for tobacco or nicotine consumption by actual consumers (volunteers) and the process was evened as per a number of consumption sessions. We examined three products: tobacco cigarettes (cigarettes), electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS), and a tobacco heating system (IQOS). Background air quality parameters were measured in a specifically organized enclosed space prior to each study session. We also conducted experiments in so called «reference groups» when research participants didn’t consume the examined products but were in the same conditions. Health risks were assessed as per the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04 «The Guide on assessing health risks caused by exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment». Use of ENDS and IQOS does not result in significant changes in air composure and does not cause unacceptable acute health risk. Combined effects produced by contaminants on organs and systems resulted in health risks for respiratory organs, eyes, and body as a whole being insignificantly higher than permissible levels; these risks were practically the same as those detected for a reference group. Tobacco smoking resulted in unacceptable acute risks 1.5 hours after an experiment started; these risks were caused by elevated concentrations of such contaminants as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, PM2.5, PM10, and carbon monoxide.
Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarının Sosyal Destek Algılarının Tükenmişlik Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: Özbezek B. Dilek , Paksoy H. Mustafa , Çopuroğlu Filiz
Published: July 2021

Tükenmişlik, bireysel ve örgütsel düzeyde olumsuz etkileri olan kademeli bir süreçtir ve stresli olaylara karşı bir tepki olarak ortaya çıkar. İnsan merkezli çalışmayı gerektiren sağlık sektörünü çalışanları son derece stresli bir meslek grubu olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, tükenmişlik sağlık çalışanları arasında oldukça yaygındır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemi döneminde sosyal desteğin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisini sağlık çalışanları açısından incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini sağlık sektöründe çalışan 337 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ve etkileşimleri ortaya koymak için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonucuna göre, sosyal destek kaynakları ile tükenmişliğin her bir boyutu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek için yapılan regresyon analizi sonucu test edilen tüm modellerde sosyal destek kaynaklarından çalışma arkadaşı desteğinin tükenmişliğin duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı hissi boyutlarını etkilediği ortaya konulmuştur. Ancak sosyal destek kaynaklarından aile desteği ve özel birinin desteğinin tükenmişliğin hiçbir boyutu üzerinde etkisinin lmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Metal Complexation Mechanisms of Polyphenols Associated to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kola Arian , Valensin Daniela , Dudek Dorota
Published: July 2021

Polyphenols are a class of compounds, produced by plants, which share the
ability to act as potent antioxidants. First investigations on polyphenols’ antioxidant activity
are dated almost twenty years ago when their relationship and implication with the
prevention and treatment of cancer was proposed for the first time. Later, in the early
2000s, the neuroprotective effects of several polyphenols were demonstrated. Nowadays,
the benefits of a plethora of polyphenols have been studied and their ameliorating effects
in several disease conditions, like cancer, cardiac and neuronal diseases are widely recognised.
More than 1000 papers dealing with polyphenols and Alzheimer’s disease have
been published so far, describing the antioxidant properties, the metal chelating features
and the anti-aggregating behavior of these compounds. The aim of this review is to rationalize,
from a chemical point of view, the metal complexation mechanisms of polyphenols
related to two significant events of Alzheimer’s disease: oxidative stress and metal ion
dyshomeostasis. In order to address this issue, we have herein discussed several aspects
implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and polyphenols involved in the treatment of the disease.
Construction of Gambogic Acid HPMA Copolymer Coupling Drug System
and Study on Anti-tumor Activity
Authors: Liu Ju , Chen Ye , Zhao Xinghua , Ding Shi , Li Shengnan , Wang Yang , Jiang Mingjun
Published: July 2021

Aim:

An active-passive dual-targeting gambogic acid HPMA Copolymer Coupling drug
system with high efficiency, low toxicity and high selectivity was constructed.

Methods:

The gambogic acid HPMA copolymer coupling drug system was constructed and its
structure was characterized. The cytotoxicity of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was detected by
MTT assay. The pharmacokinetics of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated in mice. Targetability
of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated by tissue distribution experiment.
The in vitro antitumor activity of gambogic acid HPMA copolymer was evaluated by pharmacodynamics
experiment in mice.

Results:

Two copolymers of gambogic acid HPMA were successfully prepared. The copolymers
showed reduced cytotoxicity and a certain sustained release effect and targeting property. In vivo
pharmacodynamic experiments also showed better anti-tumor effects than GA.

Discussion:

In this study, gambogic acid was combined with HPMA polymer and the targeting
molecule D-galactose/folic acid to form a polymer micelle with high efficiency, low toxicity and
high selectivity for active-passive dual targeting. The construction of the drug system provides new
ideas for future formulation research and development.
Appraisal of Felodipine Nanocrystals for Solubility Enhancement and
Pharmacodynamic Parameters on Cadmium Chloride Induced Hypertension
in Rats
Authors: Saraf Shubhini A. , Maurya Priyanka , Pandey Pawan , Singh Samipta , Sonkar Alka , Singh Sonali
Published: July 2021

Aim:

Felodipine (FDP), an antihypertensive drug possesses low water solubility and extensive
first-pass metabolism leading to poor bioavailability. This impelled us to improve its solubility,
bioavailability, and pharmacodynamic properties through the Nanocrystal (NC) approach.

Methods:

FDP-NC were prepared with Poloxamer F125 (PXM) by the antisolvent precipitation
method. The experimental setup aimed at fine-tuning polymer concentration, the proportion of antisolvent
to solvent, and the duration of ultrasonication for NC formulation.

Results:

Optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, solubility, and PDI. Particle reduction
of 74.96 times was achieved with a 9X solubility enhancement as equated to pure FDP.
The morphology of NC was found to be crystalline through scanning electron microscopy observation.
The formation of the crystal lattice in FDP-NC was further substantiated by the XRD and
DSC results. Lowering of the heat of fusion of FDP-NC is a clear indication of size reduction. The
stability studies showed no substantial change in physical parameters of the FDP-NC as assessed
by particle size, zeta potential, and drug content.

Conclusion:

The crystalline nature and improved solubility of FDP-NC improve the dissolution
profile and pharmacodynamic data. The stability study data ensure that FDP-NC can be safely
stored at 25°C. It is revealed that FDP-NC had a better release profile and improved pharmacodynamic
effects as evident from better control over heart rate than FDP.
Curcuma Turmeric Oil Enhanced Anti-Dermatophytic Drug Activity Against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Alka  , Lee Kyung Eun , Kumar Pradeep , Kang Sang Gu
Published: July 2021

Background:

As per the World Health Organization survey, it has been found that dermatophyte infections are affecting around one-fourth of the world population. The dermatophytes are commonly keratinophilic in nature which can multiply and invade the keratinized tissues and affect various parts of the human body like nails, skin, and hair. The luliconazole is an antifungal drug utilized against dermatophytes which causes athlete's foot and ringworm etc. fungal infections of the skin or nails caused by Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard.

Objective:

The study aimed to develop the luliconazole topical cream with turmeric oil and penetration enhancer to improve permeability and enhance antifungal activity.

Methods:

To prepare the luliconazole topical cream, various compositions of formulation were melted and mixed with varying concentrations of turmeric oil. The oil, drug, and aqueous phases were prepared separately and mixed stepwise in a vessel under continuous stirring at control conditions.

Result:

The optimized LC2 cream was showed pH 6.45±0.12, which is considered suitable to avoid irritation upon topical application. The LC2 cream formulation also showed significantly (p<0.05) more permeability with a permeation flux (0.347 mg/cm2/h) against an aqueous suspension of the drug (0.215 mg/cm2/h). The LC2 cream was followed the Higuchi model and showed the drug release from cream via a diffusion mechanism with super case II transport mechanism. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of optimized cream was found good than marketed cream.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the prepared luliconazole cream can be an effective anti-fungal treatment with enhanced drug delivery into the skin to treat athlete's foot and ringworm etc. caused by dermatophytes namely C. albicans and Trichophyton spp.
ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Potential Combination Drug Treatments
Authors: Nensi Shrestha , Ashton John
Published: July 2021

Advances in chromosomally rearranged ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer have
been dramatic in only the last few years. Survival times have improved dramatically due to the introduction
of ever more efficacious ALK inhibitors. These improvements have been due largely to
improvements in blood-brain barrier penetration and the breadth of ligand binding pocket mutations
against which the drugs are effective. However, the advances maybe slow due to the frequency
of cancers with compound resistance mutations are appearing, suggesting the need to develop
multiple ALK inhibitors to target different compound mutations.Another research area that promises
to provide further gains is the use of drug combinations, with an ALK inhibitor combined with a
drug targeting a “second driver” to overcome resistance. In this review, the range of secondary targets
for ALK+ lung cancer and the potential for their clinical success are reviewed.