bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the allometric growth in Uca leptodactyla (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from two subtropical estuaries
Authors: Cardoso Rosana Carina Flores , Negreiros-Fransozo Maria Lucia
Published: October 2004

The allometric growth of Uca leptodactyla from two distinct subtropical estuaries on the Brazilian coast was evaluated concerning its growth pattern and size at onset of sexual maturity. Females attained maturity at similar sizes in both sites (4·1 mm of carapace length in Indaiá and 4·2 mm in Ubatumirim), while males differed slightly. They reached the size at sexual maturity of 5·3 mm of carapace length in Indaiá and 4·6 mm in Ubatumirim. Growth pattern is usually similar among crabs from distinct sites while size at sexual maturity is frequently different. However, in the case of U. leptodactyla it did not occur, probably due to the strong habitat similarity and intrinsic features of this species.
Swimming speeds of the larval stages of the parasitic barnacle, Heterosaccus lunatus (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Walker Graham
Published: October 2004

Heterosaccus lunatus parasitizes the portunid crab, Charybdis callianassa, in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Larval broods, released during July and August (males only), were allowed to develop through to cyprids (lecithotrophic development). Speeds of all the developmental stages—nauplius I to nauplius IV and the cyprids were measured by timing continuously swimming larvae over 5 mm distances under a microscope. The absolute speeds of the naupliar stages were similar (3–4 mm s−1), but the cyprids were significantly faster at ≈10 mm s−1. These speeds were compared with published speeds of cirripede and copepod nauplii and other cirripede cyprids. Relative speeds (body lengths s−1) showed surprising parity, which for the cyprids probably reflects the similar efficiency of the fusiform shape and thoracopod propulsion for all sizes of this highly specialized larval form. The lecithotrophic H. lunatus nauplii have rather minimalistic appendages (compared with planktotrophic nauplii) which were examined at the light microscope and scanning electron microscope levels. The natatory setae were found to be plumo-denticulate.
Larval development and intermoult period of the hydrothermal vent barnacle Neoverruca sp.
Authors: Watanabe H. , Kado R. , Tsuchida S. , Miyake H. , Kyo M. , Kojima S.
Published: October 2004

Larvae of the hydrothermal vent barnacle Neoverruca sp. were reared under laboratory conditions and larval development was observed. Under these conditions, the larvae were released from adults as first-stage nauplii, although the larvae of other deep-sea barnacles have generally been considered to be released at a later larval stage such as the cyprid stage. The larvae of Neoverruca sp. were lecithotrophic through six naupliar stages and the subsequent cyprid stage. The larval period of Neoverruca sp. was more than 96 days under the present rearing conditions, which is the longest yet reported for barnacles. Most cyprid larvae, however, exhibited abnormal morphology and no larvae settled successfully on the substrate. These observations suggest that such a long larval period might enable neoverrucid barnacles to disperse between vent fields.
Intersexuality in hermit crabs: reproductive role and fate of gonopores in intersex individuals
Authors: Turra Alexander
Published: October 2004

The function of intersex individuals in three intertidal hermit crab species (Clibanarius antillensis, C. sclopetarius, and C. vittatus) was investigated and a description of the morphology of the gonopores of laboratory-reared intersex individuals before and after moulting provided. Observations on the reproductive behaviour revealed that intersex individuals of these hermit crab species copulated successfully as males with normal females. Intersex individuals showed morphological alterations indicating closure of the female gonopores after moulting. These findings associated to information on behaviour and population biology of hermit crabs may suggest that hermit crab intersexuality may be part of a true hermaphroditism mechanism.
Use of artificial collectors shows semilunar rhythm of planktonic dispersal in juvenile Hydrobia ulvae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)
Authors: Meireles Sónia , Queiroga Henrique
Published: October 2004

The pattern of planktonic abundance of juvenile Hydrobia ulvae was investigated in the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal, with the use of floating artificial collectors made of ‘hoghair’ filter, which were deployed for 2-day consecutive periods during 3·5 months. Abundance in the collectors followed a remarkably regular semilunar pattern, being higher during spring tides around full and new moons. Cross-correlation analysis between tidal range and captures in the collectors indicated a period of oscillation of the captures of 15 d, with maximum captures tending to occur on the day of the highest amplitude tides. The physical and behavioural mechanisms responsible for the pattern remain largely unknown. However, results from a simple model assuming that migration from the sediment to the water is dependent on current velocity suggest there is a minimum threshold in average current velocity integrated along the tidal cycle (and, therefore, in tidal amplitude) above which juvenile H. ulvae exhibit the floating behaviour. Artificial collectors may provide an effective and relatively easy and inexpensive technique for the study of dispersal of post-metamorphic molluscs.
A non-invasive technique for obtaining DNA from marine intertidal snails
Authors: Kawai Kei , Shimizu Motohiro , Hughes Roger N. , Takenaka Osamu
Published: October 2004

DNA was extracted from mucus secreted by snails that had been allowed to crawl over glass microscope slides. The mucus contained many epithelial cells and a few blood cells. Microsatellite DNA regions were amplified using template DNA from the mucus and clear bands obtained showing the same positions as when using template DNA from the foot. Pedal mucus is therefore a reliable source of DNA, which can be extracted by a simple methodology that is readily applied in the field. The technique has considerable potential for conservation- and behavioural ecology.
Analysis of fecundity of some bobtail squid of the genus Sepiola (Cephalopoda: Sepiolida) in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Salman Alp , Önsoy Bahadr
Published: October 2004

A total of 39 Sepiola intermedia, Sepiola robusta and Sepiola steenstrupiana samples (11 female, 28 male), from the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea have been examined. The potential fecundity, relative fecundity and index of potential reproductive investment were calculated.
Mating and spermatophore placement in the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens
Authors: Jackson George D , Jackson Christine H.
Published: October 2004

Males of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens implant spermatophores directly into a variety of internal and external tissues of the female, based on the examination of 14 individuals collected south of Tasmania, Australia. Furthermore, the capture of a pair of mating individuals suggests that ‘jaw locking’ reminiscent of cichlid fish may be a behaviour associated with courtship and mating.
New data on Martialia hyadesi feeding in the Scotia Sea during winter; with emphasis on seasonal and annual variability
Authors: Dickson J. , Morley S.A. , Mulvey T.
Published: October 2004

The diet of the seven star flying squid, Martialia hyadesi, from the South Georgia sector of the Scotia Sea was described from stomach contents collected in winter (June) 2001. Diet was dominated by the hyperiid amphipod, Themisto gaudichaudii, fish (nine species, mainly myctophids) and cephalopods (mainly cannibalism). The absence of krill, Euphausia superba, and the presence of larger myctophids in the diet are discussed in terms of seasonal and annual prey availability.
Ultraviolet absorption in ascidian tunic and ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis
Authors: Hirose Euichi , Ohtsuka Kaori , Ishikura Masaharu , Maruyama Tadashi
Published: October 2004

To characterize the ultraviolet (UV) light-absorbing function of the ascidian tunic, the light absorption spectrum was compared in 22 ascidian species collected from tropical and temperate waters. Non-photosymbiotic ascidians (17 species) had transparent tunics transmitting both visible and UV light, or pigmented or opaque tunics equally absorb both UV and visible light. However, a prominent absorption peak around 320 nm was exclusively found in the colonial ascidians hosting the algal symbiont Prochloron sp., and this absorption peak corresponded to absorption of UV-A (320–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm). The UV-absorbing substances were extracted with methanol. They were mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): mycosporine-glycine, palythine, shinorine, and porphyra-334. The MAAs are thought to be synthesized by the shikimic acid pathway that does not occur in animals. Since the isolated Prochloron cells contain MAAs, the symbionts are the most possible candidates as the source of the MAAs in the tunic. In Diplosoma virens, the composition of MAAs was different between isolated Prochloron cells and colony residue from which Prochloron cells were extracted.
Evidence for geographical isolation of the early life stages of the white anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius, based on otolith microchemistry
Authors: Swan S.C. , Wright P.J. , Woodroffe D.A. , Gordon J.D.M. , Shimmield T.
Published: October 2004

Concentrations of elements in the sagittal otoliths of juvenile white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) from five locations in the north-east Atlantic were measured to test for evidence of segregation in the early life stages. The concentrations of some elements, notably copper, were different between locations. As such, the results suggest limited exchange between locations during some period of the early life history. The relevance of these results to our understanding of population structuring is discussed in relation to recent information on anglerfish movements and genetic structuring.
Influence of environmental variables on the feeding and diet of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) on the Mediterranean Iberian coasts
Authors: Cartes J.E. , Rey J. , Lloris D. , de Sola L. Gil
Published: October 2004

The feeding intensity and the diet of Merluccius merluccius were studied along a 1000 km latitudinal scale on the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula (western Mediterranean) in spring 2000. Merluccius merluccius was distributed along two bathymetric bands corresponding to the deep continental shelf (between 36 to 148 m), and the upper slope (between 215 to 310 m). At the shelf small crustaceans (mainly euphausiids and mysids) were dominant in the diet while fish (mainly Myctophidae) were the preferred prey on the slope. Feeding intensity of hake was significantly higher in areas with higher hake density suggesting feeding aggregations. Also, feeding intensity was significantly correlated with phytoplankton pigment concentrations (ppc), though only with ppc recorded one month before on the hake sampling stations. This delay between ppc and feeding intensity of hake may be a response to higher prey availability, because most hake prey were pelagic in origin (euphausiids, Clupeiformes) and they may reach high densities after exploiting local phytoplankton blooms. This delayed response seems to have more a local or spotted pattern. During three 8-h sampling cycles food consumed by hake ranged between 1·01 to 5·51% body wet weight (BWW), on average within the range of food consumption rates of other benthopelagic, active swimmer, fish.
Spatial and trophic niche overlap between Diplodus bellottii and Diplodus vulgaris in the Tagus estuary, Portugal
Authors: Horta Manuel , Costa Maria José , Cabral Henrique
Published: October 2004

To evaluate the consequences of the coexistence of the Senegal sea bream Diplodus bellottii with one other species of Diplodus, Diplodus vulgaris, in the Tagus estuary (Portugal), the distribution and feeding habits of juveniles and adults of both species were studied. Sampling took place between May 2001 and March 2002, in five zones, including the estuary and adjacent coastal area, using an otter trawl. Both species were abundant in the estuary and their distribution overlapped. The stomach contents analysis showed that the diet of both species was mainly composed of algae, bivalves and crustaceans. Diphodus bellottii and D. vulgaris showed a generalist feeding behaviour and were clearly omnivorous, being detected in a high trophic niche overlap between the two species. Competition for space and food may occur when densities are high and food became a limiting factor.
Two types of sounds and additional spinal nerve innervation to the sonic muscle in John Dory, Zeus faber (Zeiformes: Teleostei)
Authors: Onuki A. , Somiya H.
Published: October 2004

The John Dory, Zeus faber, has a pair of intrinsic sonic muscles on the swimbladder wall and produces sounds by rapid contractions of the muscles. The physical properties of the sounds and the detailed innervation pattern to the sonic muscle were investigated. The dory emitted two types of the sounds: ‘bark’ and ‘growl’. The bark consisted of continuous multiple pulses and lasted about 85 ms on the average. The growl consisted of a group of intermittent single-pulses and lasted for 50 ms to 1·2 s. The main frequencies of both sounds were almost similar and ranged between 200 to 600 Hz. The sonic muscles were innervated by the sonic branches of the first to fourth spinal nerves. The innervation from the first spinal nerve was newly revealed in the present study. A total of 1700 myelinated axons innervated the sonic muscles on both sides. There were no sex differences in the sonic muscle size as judged by the sonic muscle–somatic index (male: 0·675%, female: 0·670%).
Forage-diving behaviour of adult Japanese female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) inferred from Argos location data
Authors: Hatase Hideo , Sakamoto Wataru
Published: October 2004

Adult female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in Japan use different feeding habitats as a function of body size. The Argos location data of two females inhabiting either oceanic or neritic habitats were analysed to infer their foraging and diving behaviour. There were no significant differences in the number of transmissions received per satellite pass, the number of locations per day, and the frequency of location-accuracy classes between oceanic and neritic females, implying that there was little difference in the time these two turtles stayed at the sea surface. Two possible forage-diving behaviours are suggested for these turtles: (1) both dive duration and depth were not different between the two feeding habitats; or (2) although dive duration was not different between feeding habitats, dive depth was different.
Quantum yield and photosynthetic parameters of marine microalgae from the southern Arctic Ocean, Svalbard
Authors: McMinn A. , Hegseth E.N.
Published: October 2004

The quantum yield and photosynthetic parameters of phytoplankton and sea ice microalgal communities were assessed from the Arctic Ocean and fjords of northern Svalbard. The phytoplankton community in Fram Strait was dominated by Phaeocystis while on Norskebanken it was dominated by diatoms. The quantum yield showed maximum values of 0·64 at 20–40 m below the surface and were consistent with nutrient replete waters elsewhere.

Sea ice infiltration communities were widespread and dominated by Phaeocystis. This is the first record of an Arctic infiltration ice community. Quantum yields were relatively low (0·247). Bottom ice communities, which were dominated by Nitzschia frigida, were extremely restricted and had moderate quantum yields (0·427). Communities growing on multiyear ice had quantum yields of only 0·126. All ice communities were well adapted to their light environment.
Synchrony of frond dynamics among patches of the clonal seaweed Mazzaella parksii (Rhodophyta) at local spatial scale
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo
Published: October 2004

This study investigated the synchrony of frond dynamics among patches of the intertidal seaweed Mazzaella parksii (=M. cornucopiae; Rhodophyta: Gigartinales) at local spatial scale. At Prasiola Point (Pacific coast of Canada), the mean synchrony of the seasonal changes in frond density among seven permanent, 100-cm2 quadrats was significant (mean Pearson's r=0·73, with 0·65–0·81 as 95% confidence limits) between 1993 and 1995. This indicates that predicting seasonal trends for non-monitored patches at local spatial scale can be done relatively well based on observations on a limited number of quadrats. The identification of the spatial scales at which seaweed populations covary synchronously will permit minimizing sampling effort while retaining the ability to make valid predictions for non-monitored sites.
Production, respiration and exudation of dissolved organic matter by the kelp Laminaria hyperborea along the west coast of Norway
Authors: Abdullah Mohammed I. , Fredriksen Stein
Published: October 2004

Changes in O2 concentration were measured during in situ incubation of whole, young Laminaria hyperborea and used to evaluate primary production and respiration over a 3-y period (1995–1998). The exudation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during incubation was also measured. Total carbohydrates and polyphenols in the exudates and the regional seawater were determined and fractionated into low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) species.  Net production rates varied significantly, being highest during the growth phase (March), while respiration rates did not vary significantly. The exudation rates correlated with the plant strategy of growth and production in which high requirements for growth led to a lower proportion of fixed carbon being exuded. More fixed carbon was exuded during the non-growth phase. The annual exudation of DOC is estimated to be ∼26% of fixed carbon and amounts to ∼1·29 kgC m−2 y−1. The annual amount of carbon retained by the kelp (the difference between fixed and exuded carbon), assumed to contribute to growth, corresponds to a biomass increase of 3·0 kgC m−2 y−1, a value similar to those reported using direct measurements of biomass increase in the region.  Carbohydrate concentrations in the exudates were lower during March than in other months, in accordance with the plant growth strategy. Phenols, on the other hand, which are assumed to function as predator deterrent, showed no significant variations in the exudate. The fraction is dominated by carbohydrates while phenols occurred mainly in the LMW fractions.
Conqueria laevis gen. and sp. nov., a new soft-walled, monothalamous foraminiferan from the deep Weddell Sea
Authors: Gooday Andrew J. , Pawlowski Jan
Published: October 2004

Conqueria laevis gen. and sp. nov., a new monothalamous agglutinated foraminiferan, is described from core samples collected in the abyssal western Weddell Sea. The species is characterized by a very elongate, almost cylindrical test that usually follows a more or less curved course and has a single terminal aperture located at the end of a short neck. The wall has a very smooth outer surface and is composed of tiny (<5 μm) agglutinated particles. Very similar and presumably congeneric morphotypes occur at northern hemisphere sites, including Arctic fjords around Svalbard and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences, indicate that the new Weddell Sea species forms an independent lineage branching among monothalamous foraminiferans as a sister group to the clade of Psammophaga.
Amorphinopsis (Halichondrida: Demospongiae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the description of a new species
Authors: Carvalho Mariana de S. , Hajdu Eduardo , Mothes Beatriz , van Soest Rob W.M.
Published: October 2004

A species of the genus Amorphinopsis is described for the first time for the Atlantic Ocean. The new species was described based on the study of 25 specimens, collected in the area of the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (northern sector of São Paulo State coastline) and in the Cabo Frio region (Rio de Janeiro State). The form is massive cushion-shaped, lobate, occasionally encrusting. The megascleres are styles [160–260 (N=20)/5–10 (N=10) μm; length/thickness] and oxeas [150–900 (N=100)/5–18 (N=20) μm]. Amorphinopsis atlantica sp. nov. differs from the other species of Amorphinopsis by its colour, dark-greyish-green with or without yellow tinges on the exposed surface, and the smaller size of its oxeas. Amorphinopsis excavans is the closest species to the Brazilian material, but can still be set apart by a series of smaller traits, such as oxeas and styles never overlapping (the smaller oxea is always larger than the larger style).
Dispersal and association of two alien species in the Indonesian coral reefs: the octocoral Carijoa riisei and the demosponge Desmapsamma anchorata
Authors: Calcinai B. , Bavestrello G. , Cerrano C.
Published: October 2004

The discovery of the association between the sponge Desmapsamma anchorata (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Desmacididae) and the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea: Clavularidae) on an Indonesian reef enlarges the widespread dispersion of these Atlantic species in the Indo-Pacific area. The species involved and their morphological adaptations resulting from the association are described. When covered by the sponge, C. riisei develops an irregular branching pattern and a dense nematocyst layer where the ectoderm comes in contact with the sponge tissue. The finding of fertile colonies suggests that the Indonesian population of C. riisei is self-sustaining.
Further phylogenetic studies of the Polychaeta using 18S rDNA sequence data
Authors: Hall Kathryn A. , Hutchings Pat A. , Colgan Donald J.
Published: October 2004

The integration of molecular and morphological approaches has produced substantial progress in understanding the higher classification of most major invertebrate groups. The striking exception to this is the Polychaeta. Neither the membership nor the higher classification of this group has been robustly established. Major inconsistencies exist between the only comprehensive cladistic analysis of Polychaeta using morphological data and the DNA sequence studies covering all or part of the taxon.

We have compiled a dataset of available nearly complete 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and collected an additional 22 sequences (20 Polychaeta in 19 taxa, one Myzostomida and one Phoronida) to obtain more comprehensive coverage of polychaete diversity for this gene. Analyses of the data do not resolve all inconsistencies among current hypotheses of polychaete phylogeny. They do support the recognition (in whole or part) of some clades such as the Eunicida, Phyllodocida and Terebellida that have been proposed on morphological grounds. Our analyses contradict the Canalipalpata and the Scolecida. Although the polychaete sister-group to the Clitellata is not clearly resolved in our analyses, the clitellates are always recovered as a derived clade within the Polychaeta. Increased taxon sampling is required to elucidate further the phylogeny of the Polychaeta.
Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Trichobranchinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)
Authors: Garraffoni André Rinaldo Senna , da Cunha Lana Paulo
Published: October 2004

To assess the phylogenetic interrelationships of Trichobranchinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), we present the results of a cladistic analysis based on morphological characters coded as contingent. We also present an alternate way to number anterior segments, based on a reinterpretation of prostomial and peristomial morphologies in different genera. The ingroup terminals included 28 species, and the outgroup included one species of Ampharetidae and four species belonging to other subfamilies of Terebellidae. The monophyly of Trichobranchinae is clearly supported by the presence of long shafted uncini in thoracic neuropodia and by the absence of ventral shields. Species of Terebellides share lamellate branchiae, uncini with a long and narrow manubrium without denticles and uncini with a long and sharp main fang in the eighth segment. Species of Octobranchus share subquadrate branchiae on segments 3, 4 and 5, notopodia first present from segment 4, and uncini with a long shafted manubrium first present from segment 6. The autapormophy for Unobranchus is the presence of a single filiform branchia on segment 3. Artacamella falls into one of the Trichobranchus clades and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter.
Individual and reef growth of the invasive reef-building polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus in a south-western Atlantic coastal lagoon
Authors: Schwindt Evangelina , De Francesco Claudio G. , Iribarne Oscar O.
Published: October 2004

The growth of the Ficopomatus enigmaticus reefs was measured throughout a coastal lagoon at different temporal and spatial scales (over 24 years, annually and monthly throughout the coastal lagoon). The results show that reef cover increased in the last 24 years, and many neighbouring reefs have coalesced into large platforms. Growth rate varies spatially and temporally. Small reefs grow faster than large ones. Ficopomatus enigmaticus polychaetes living in higher salinity areas show a lower biomass than those living in brackish water areas, and the same pattern was observed for the inter-ring distance measured on the tubes. The results also show that important environmental variables, including salinity, nutrient availability and environmental energy (measured as current speed and depth) may be the most important factors affecting the growth and spread of the reefs.
A new species of Sphaerodoropsis (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from north-east Atlantic, with comments on other species of the genus
Authors: Moreira Juan , Cacabelos Eva , Troncoso Jesús S.
Published: October 2004

A new species of sphaerodorid (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae), Sphaerodoropsisgarciaalvarezi sp. nov., is described from specimens collected on sandy bottoms off the Galician coast (Spain, north-east Atlantic). This species is characterized by having two pairs of digitiform lateral antennae, 13 dorsal macrotubercles per segment in mid-body setigers arranged in two transverse rows, five dorsal microtubercles per segment arranged in five longitudinal rows, six ventral papillae per segment arranged in six longitudinal rows, digitiform presetal lobes and ventral cirri, and composite setae with spinulation on blade and distal end of shaft. Complementary observations to original descriptions are also provided for closely related species Sphaerodoropsis bisphaeroserialis and Sphaerodoropsisarctowskyensis upon examination of type series.
New sub-Arctic species of the tropical genus Antropora (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata): a gastropod–pagurid crab associate
Authors: Tilbrook Kevin J. , Grischenko Andrei V.
Published: October 2004

Antropora commandorica sp. nov. is described from the Commander Islands (Bering Sea). This species is unique within the bryozoan genus Antropora in its sub-Arctic distribution; all other known species are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical waters. This species is also most often found as an epibiont of gastropod shells, some with an associated pagurid crab. Whilst this is not unknown in other species of the genus Antropora, A. commandorica appears to use these substrata almost exclusively.
On the occurrence of the spider crab Maja goltziana (Crustacea: Majidae) an alien species in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Pallaoro Armin , Dulĉić Jakov
Published: October 2004

Three specimens of the spider crab, Maja goltziana, were caught from the southern Adriatic (Mljet Island) and represent the first record of this species in the Adriatic Sea.
Thylacoplethus isaevae sp. nov., a new colonial rhizocephalan (Crustacea: Rhizocephala: Thompsoniidae) parasitic on a north-west Pacific hermit crab Pagurus trigonocheirus
Authors: Rybakov Alexey V. , Shukalyuk Andrey I.
Published: October 2004

Thylacoplethus isaevae, a new species of colonial rhizocephalans, is described from the hermit crab Pagurus trigonocheirus collected in the Sea of Okhotsk, along the coast of Sakhalin Island. The new species differs from other known species of Thylacoplethus by the presence of complex spermatogenic bodies located within the mantle and the significantly larger size of its externae.
New and little known corophiidean amphipods from the ‘Lucky Strike’ hydrothermal vent, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Myers Alan A. , Cunha Marina R.
Published: October 2004

Two species of corophiid amphipods are described from the ‘Lucky Strike’ hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Açores. One species, Bonnierella compar sp. nov. is new to science, the other, Autonoe longicornis has not been reported since the original description of a single female in 1909. Full descriptions are provided of the new species, and of the previously unknown male of A. longicornis.
A new species of amphipod crustacean, Pleusymtes comitari sp. nov., associated with gorgonians on deep-water coral reefs off Ireland
Authors: Myers A.A. , Hall-Spencer J.M.
Published: October 2004

A new species of pleustid amphipod of the genus Pleusymtes is described from the west coast of Ireland. It was found to be common in association with an Acanthogorgia sp. gorgonian at 725 and 900 m depth on coral habitats in the continental shelf-break areas of the Porcupine Seabight and Porcupine Bank. It is assumed to be a commensal due to its modified pereopod dactyls.
Regular occurrence of Thysanoessa inspinata (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Lindley J.A. , Batten S.D. , Coyle K.O. , Pinchuk A.I.
Published: October 2004

Over a period of five years (1997–2002) the euphausiid Thysanoessa inspinata has been recorded in plankton samples from the eastern Gulf of Alaska, as far north as 59°N. Until recently the northern limit of distribution of the species was assumed to be little further north than 50°N but the species is present in oceanic samples off the Alaskan continental shelf throughout the year and occurs regularly in the waters of the eastern Gulf.
First record of Bythocaris cosmetops (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) in European waters
Authors: d'Udekem d'Acoz C. , Sorbe J.C.
Published: October 2004

A single ovigerous female of Bythocaris cosmetops is recorded from the Bay of Biscay. This specimen is described and illustrated. This rare shrimp was previously known by a single specimen collected off tropical West Africa.
Genetic diversity of European populations of the invasive soft-shell clam Mya arenaria (Bivalvia)
Authors: Lasota Rafal , Hummel Herman , Wolowicz Maciej
Published: October 2004

The genetic diversity of the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria from seven locations in Europe (two stations in the southern Baltic Sea (the Gulf of Gdansk) and two in the North Sea (Veerse Meer and Oosterschelde), and three additional stations in the Denmark Straits and Bay of Biscay) was determined using starch gel electrophoresis of allozymes. The results showed a low level of genetic variability and a lack of genetic differentation among the populations studied. Basic polymorphism characteristics calculated for populations from the North Sea estuaries and the Gulf of Gdansk were: He 0·094–0·145, Ho 0·092–0·130, percentage of polymorphic loci 33 (0·95 criterion), mean number of alleles per locus 2·0–2·7. The mean value of FST was 0·0133 and not significant. It is concluded that in spite of a low level of genetic polymorphism the soft-shell clam is a successful colonizer. The genetic homogeneity among the populations reflects rapid population extension, alleles neutrality and a high gene flow.
The alien bivalve Anadara demiri (Arcidae): a new invader of the Adriatic Sea, Italy
Authors: Morello Elisabetta B. , Solustri Cristiano , Froglia Carlo
Published: October 2004

This paper reports the observations recorded on the arcid clam, Anadara demiri, from its first reporting in the Adriatic Sea three years ago, when its presence only was noted, to the present day when its invasive potential is confirmed. Repeated recruitment events were observed and confirmed by the co-existence of two or more cohorts within the population. Anadara demiri appears to be a year-round spawner with two spawning peaks (late winter and summer). Together with the congeneric invader, Anadara inaequivalvis, it has colonized the external belt of the fine well-sorted sand biocoenosis where they may numerically dominate the benthic community. Anadara demiri appears to have gained full status as a component of the Adriatic Sea coastal benthic community despite its very recent first entry. Numerous features make it a strong competitor among which is the ability, retained into adult life, of attaching, by means of byssus threads to all kinds of hard substrata, particularly to other live molluscs such as the gastropod Aporrhais pespelecani and the bivalves Anadara inaequivalvis and Chamelea gallina. The presence of species actively interfering with A. demiri in various ways (the polychaetes, Polydora sp. and Sabellaria spinulosa, that bore into and foul the shell, respectively, and the predatory asteroid Astropecten irregularis) is discussed.
First direct evidence of methane seepage and associated chemosynthetic communities in the bathyal zone off Chile
Authors: Sellanes Javier , Quiroga Eduardo , Gallardo Víctor A.
Published: October 2004

The occurrence of an area of methane seepage off Chile is reported for the first time. Shell fragments of two species of bivalves of the genus Calyptogena and one species of Acharax were retrieved in dredge hauls from 651 to 934 m depth off Concepción (≈36°S). A large quantity of carbonate blocks was also collected, indicating anaerobic oxidation of methane in the sediment. The accompanying, non-chemosynthetic fauna from one of the hauls was diverse, containing some species new to science. Our preliminary data suggests an assemblage similar in structure to those reported elsewhere, albeit with an important endemic component.
Naturalization of the Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum), an alien species, and establishment of a clam fishery within Poole Harbour, Dorset
Authors: Jensen A.C. , Humphreys J. , Caldow R.W.G. , Grisley C. , Dyrynda P.E.J.
Published: October 2004

The first known occurrence of a naturalized population of Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum) in UK waters is reported. Introduced into Poole Harbour for aquaculture in 1988; by 1994 local fishermen and wading birds began to exploit this northernmost naturalized population in Europe. The licensed fishery currently supports 31 local fishers, landing approximately 250 tn. of clams in 2002. The current distribution of the clam in Poole Harbour, the biology of this naturalized population and the ecological impact of its introduction and fishery, is described.
Growth of the razor clam Ensis directus, an alien species in the Wash on the east coast of England
Authors: Palmer D.W.
Published: October 2004

Samples of shells of the razor clam Ensis directus were examined in order to characterize annually forming shell marks (annuli). Shells from different grounds were aged by naked-eye examination. Back measurements at the identified annuli were used to generate length at age data, to which von Bertalanffy growth parameters were fitted.
First record of the marbled spinefoot Siganus rivulatus (Pisces: Siganidae) in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Dulĉić J. , Pallaoro A.
Published: October 2004

Lessepsian migrant Siganus rivulatus is reported for the first time from the Adriatic Sea, substantially further north than its usual area of occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea. Two specimens (111 mm total length [TL] and 149 mm TL) were captured by beach seine on 5 October 2002 off islet Bobara, near Cavtat (southern Adriatic). Morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimens are provided. The possible explanations of this occurrence are discussed.
First record of Sphoeroides spengleri (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Reina-Hervás J.A. , Raso J.E. García , Manjón-Cabeza M.E.
Published: October 2004

The capture of a specimen of Sphoeroides spengleri (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae), 17 December 2000 and 29·7 mm total length, from the Málaga coast (Alborán Sea, western Mediterranean) represents the first record of a new alien species for Mediterranean waters.
A survey of public awareness of the occurrence and diversity of cetaceans in south-west Scotland
Authors: Scott N.J. , Parsons E.C.M.
Published: October 2004

In summer 2001, members of the public in south-west Scotland were interviewed to determine their knowledge of the diversity and occurrence of cetaceans in the region. Interviews were conducted in both rural island and coastal communities and a major city.

The majority of interviewees (46%) underestimated the number of cetacean species occurring in western Scottish waters (i.e. <10 species). Only 4·4% gave the correct answer (24). Location of the participant affected the level of knowledge. Photographs were presented of the four most commonly occurring cetacean species: only 30·2% correctly identified one or more of the species. The species most frequently identified correctly was the bottlenose dolphin (19% of interviewees) followed by the harbour porpoise (17·5%), minke whale (10·7%) and, lastly, the common dolphin (7·1%).

Interviewees were also asked whether certain cetacean species occurred in local waters or not. The level of awareness was generally low. The most common positive answers involved the bottlenose dolphin, harbour porpoise, and minke whale. Only one in five were aware of killer whales and 13·1% believed that grey whales occurred in Scottish waters. Knowledge of species occurrence showed statistically significant relationships with age, gender, level of environmental interest and location, but not occupation (teachers, tourism professionals and marine stakeholders did not show greater levels of cetacean knowledge). The study identified target groups and locations where knowledge of cetaceans is low and environmental education efforts should be concentrated.
Powerful Persuasions: The Language of Property and Politics in Sabah, Malaysia (North Borneo), 1881–1996
Authors: DOOLITTLE AMITY A.
Published: October 2004

In this article I examine the similarities between colonialism and postcolonialism in Sabah, Malaysia. I argue that the strategies of rule employed by the colonial and postcolonial states can be viewed as a sustained interaction in which the power of colonial discourses, institutions, and forms of rule still operate in postcolonial Sabah, particularly in terms of control over and access to natural resources. Drawing on archival and ethnographic data I present case studies from the colonial and postcolonial period that demonstrate that whether the focus of state rule is native land management systems and property rights or the conservation of biodiversity the result is the same: both states construct images of what types of agricultural practices and uses of forest resources are appropriate, what types of property regimes can persist, and how rural people should look and act in order to appear modern.

I conclude that the colonial and postcolonial states share the following characteristics: 1) they control access to resources through legal institutions that privilege private property law over customary practices; 2) they invent discourses that justify centralized rule while obfuscating the realities of those who live on the margins and whose lives depend directly on natural resources; 3) they utilize certain ideals of protection and/or commercialization of resources that privileges elite concerns over local concerns and subsistence uses; 4) they blame rural people for resource degradation while overlooking legal, political and economic structures that influence how rural people use resources; and 5) both the colonial and postcolonial states make it difficult for marginal people to define their own interests in their own terms.
Mental Health as Public Peace: Kaneko Junji and the Promotion of Psychiatry in Modern Japan
Authors: MATSUMURA JANICE
Published: October 2004

On June 8, 2001, Takuma Mamoru, a former psychiatric patient, broke into the Ikeda Elementary School in Osaka City and killed eight schoolchildren. This incident, which journalists have described as the Ikeda Massacre, resurrected public concerns about the mentally ill. The Osaka District Court declared that psychiatric evaluations had revealed that Takuma was sane enough to recognise the criminal nature of his actions. Discussion among the public and officials nevertheless remained focussed on the question of how to handle suspects in criminal cases who are not fit to stand trial as a result of psychiatric disorders. In August 2003, the same month that Takuma was sentenced to death, the National Diet passed legislation that could compel defendants, even those found innocent, to enter or regularly visit a mental hospital if judges and psychiatrists deemed them mentally ill and possessing a propensity to commit crimes.
The Deconstructed Stranglers: A Reassessment of Thuggee
Authors: WAGNER KIM A.
Published: October 2004

Maunsell, a lieutenant in the 23rd Native Infantry of the Bengal Army set out on horseback in October 1812 from Agra, in what were then called the North-western Provinces, on a visit of inspection to Etawah, seventy-five miles south-east, accompanied by two sepoy orderlies and a horse carrying his belongings and equipment. All three were armed, Maunsell with sword and holster pistols, the sepoys with the Brown Bess musket and bayonet.
The Search for Chinese Christianity in the Republican Period (1912–1949)
Authors: XI LIAN
Published: October 2004

For more than a century after its introduction into China in 1807, Protestant Christianity remained an alien religion preached and presided over by Western missionaries. In fact the Christian enterprise, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, was given protection as Western interests by the Qing court after China's defeat in the Opium War of 1839–42. According to the treaty signed with the United States in 1858, for instance, the Qing government was to shield from molestation ‘any persons, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese convert, [who] peaceably teach and practise the principles of Christianity.’ In the Convention of 1860 signed with France, the imperial court promised that in addition to the toleration of Roman Catholicism throughout China, all Catholic properties previously seized should be ‘handed over to the French representative at Beijing’ to be forwarded to the Catholics in the localities concerned. By the time of the Boxer Uprising of 1900, Protestant converts numbered about 80,000 and the Catholic Church (whose modern missions to China had begun in the late sixteenth century) claimed a membership of some 720,000—a following that was perhaps disappointing to the Western missions yet aggravating to those who saw both the Confucian tradition and Chinese sovereignty eroded by the coming of the West. As a perceived foreign menace the Christian community became the target of the bloody rampage by famished North China peasants known as the Boxers. Before the revolt was quelled in August by the eight-power expedition forces, it had visited death on more than 200 Westerners and untold thousands of native converts.
Jesus als jüdischer Gleichnisdichter
Authors: KOLLMANN BERND
Published: October 2004

Die Gleichnisse Jesu und der Rabbinen schöpfen unabhängig voneinander aus dem gleichen Repertoire jüdischer Bilder und Erzählmuster. Da die rabbinischen Gleichnisse der Schriftauslegung dienen, sind sie oft durch eine Straffheit der Gedankenführung und eine Konzentration auf die wesentlichen Züge der Handlung gekennzeichnet. Ihre neutestamentlichen Gegenstücke spiegeln die soziale Wirklichkeit lebendiger wider und weisen eine ausgeprägtere Erzählstruktur auf, um für die Gottesherrschaft zu werben. Dabei wird das Geschick der Sünder im Gegenüber zum Geschick der Gerechten thematisiert und die Integration von Randgruppen Israels in die Gottesherrschaft verteidigt. Diese unverwechselbaren Züge der Gleichnisse Jesu berechtigen nicht zur Abwertung der rabbinischen Gleichnisse.
A Q Community in Galilee?
Authors: PEARSON BIRGER A.
Published: October 2004

It is often assumed, especially in North American scholarship, that the Q source used by Matthew and Luke reflects a special community different from those reflected in other writings of the NT. This community is located in Galilee, where the ‘Q gospel’ is supposed to have been composed. In this article it is argued that current theories regarding the composition and location of Q are untenable. It is also concluded that there was no significant difference in terms of beliefs and practices between Jesus-believing Jews in Galilee and in Jerusalem.
Self-Help or Deus ex Machina in Mark 12.9?
Authors: KLOPPENBORG JOHN S.
Published: October 2004

The conclusion to the parable of the tenants in Mark (12.1b–9) involves the vineyard owner killing the refractory tenants and re-letting his vineyard to others. In legal terms the man employs ‘self-help’ – the satisfaction of a real or pretended claim without the permission of the defendant or the intervention of a court. Most advocates of a metaphorical approach to the parable (Pesch, Snodgrass, Evans, Hultgren), and some who argue that Jesus spoke in realistic fiction, have argued or assumed that Mark 12.9 is an original part of the parable, believing it to be a ‘realistic’ element of Mark's story. But an examination of Greek, Roman, Graeco-Egyptian, and biblical legal rulings indicates that resorts to self-help were discouraged and even criminalized in this period. Mark 12.9 is not a realistic component of the parable, but is part of its secondary allegorization.
Adam and Eve in Romans 1.18–25 and the Greek Life of Adam and Eve
Authors: LEVISON JOHN R.
Published: October 2004

This study identifies several dimensions of the Greek Life of Adam and Eve that provide fresh points of entry to Paul's thought in Rom 1.18–25. Principal among these are the suppression of truth, the advent of divine anger, the onset of death, and, most notably, two related exchanges – God's glory for mortality and natural dominion for unnatural subservience to animals. While such features do not specifically characterize Gen 1–3, they belong to a shared conception of the drama of human sin that characterizes and unites both Rom 1 and the Greek Life of Adam and Eve.
Colossians and the Pauline School
Authors: STANDHARTINGER ANGELA
Published: October 2004

What can we know about the ‘School of Paul’ if we analyse the letter to the Colossians? This question is divided into three parts: how and why was the letter written, and what theological answers are given? Colossians depends mainly on the oral tradition of Paul. With Paul's words but in new contexts the authors try to overcome the depressed situation of the communities after Paul's death. Like Paul, the authors of Colossians refer to Wisdom traditions, but in a more conservative manner. Their dependence on and independence from Paul's speech and thinking reveal the ‘School of Paul’ as an ongoing context for discussion.