Features of VR Rehabilitation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical University, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine. 58, Korolenka Str., Kropyvnytskyi 25000, Ukraine, Nazhar Saleh S. Kh. , Seleznyova S. V. , Kozynskyi O. V. , Mamedalieva Sevinj Ali-Kyzy , Hira Harpreet Singh 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the possibilities and effectiveness of VR rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to conventional rehabilitation intervention according to literature sources. Materials and methods. The study was carried out based on the results of the research and analysis of existing global scientific studies with the establishment of the possibilities and effectiveness of VR rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to the usual rehabilitation intervention. The search for information was performed using domestic and foreign Internet resources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Medscape, Scopus, Web of Science databases, etc. Results and discussion. Treatment for Parkinson's disease is aimed at restoring motor and non-motor manifestations, which is corrected by appropriate pharmacological and surgical means, which are not fully effective without the addition of adequate rehabilitation interventions. Drug therapy is effective only in the first stages of the disease (some disorders do not respond to pharmacological agents at all); and deep stimulation of the affected area of the brain by implanting electrodes with their incorrect intraoperative location or incorrect stimulation parameters can provoke additional motor and sensory disorders and other adverse reactions. Physical rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease is an effective addition to drug therapy and surgery, and a long-term rehabilitation intervention effectively improves motor skills and cognitive abilities in this disease. In Parkinson's disease, rehabilitative measures aimed at motor-cognitive interactions are more useful in the early stages, which makes it possible to improve motor skills and general daily activities of the patient in real life. However, with the progression of Parkinson's disease, motor-cognitive impairments significantly limit the ability to learn, so it is directed at altered subcortical and cortical mechanisms of plasticity, which makes patients especially dependent on external sources of feedback. This problem is quite well leveled by the use of VR rehabilitation mechanisms. The effectiveness of rehabilitation with VR methodology in Parkinson's disease is determined by the need to take into account the arising sensory-motor and cognitive disorders, accurate assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, optimized adaptation and safety for the patient himself. Conclusion. When determining the possibilities of VR rehabilitation technologies in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to conventional rehabilitation intervention, it was determined that these technologies are the most promising methods of treatment and rehabilitation intervention and an effective tool for the revitalization of disorders, have a number of advantages in the rehabilitation of gait and balance disorders, cognitive shifts, improving the quality of life and daily activities of patients, leveling neuropsychic symptoms, improving the plasticity of motor nerves and muscle control