bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes care scale: a first line screening of self-care and treatment behavior in diabetics seeking treatment at a tertiary care setting in Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Meher Dayanidhi , Kar Sonali , Pathak Mona , Singh Snigdha
Published: February 2021

Background: Quality in diabetic management is the need of the hour, in eye of the menacing increase in the disease in India. Hence, a sensitive qualitative handling of outpatient visits is warranted and an inbuilt mechanism of Quality of life scales (which are proxy of the patient’s response to disease) and Diabetic care scales (proxy for patient’s satisfaction to the care extended), would offer supportive evidence to physicians, of areas where they will have to be more careful. Aims and Objectives: To assess the Diabetic Care scale (DCS) for the subjects seeking management from the diabetic care unit. To find out the factors associated with the DCS and derive inferences to improve upon quality of management in the given sample Methodology: Diabetics were made to answer to Quality of Life in Diabetics (QOLID) and Diabetic Care Scale (DCS), validated and pretested for Indian populations; and factors affecting patient’s responses were ascertained, to improve care. Final sample of 599 interviews were assessed. To identify the predictors of diabetic care, diabetic care scale was dichotomized on the basis of its median value. Results: QOLID domains were inversely correlated with DCS, strongly significant (treatment satisfaction, general health, symptom botherness, financial worries, emotional health and physical endurance). Role limitations to physical health were also positively related to DCS (-0.422; p<0.001), which indicated that this domain affected DCS positively and significantly. Overall QOLID and DCS scores were negatively correlated and significant (-0.650; p<0.005). Education (UOR 0.76; SD 0.64 - 0.90, p=0.002), treatment, medical adherence in diabetics about being careless with medications (AOR=2.38 SD 1.50 - 3.77, <0.001) emerged predictors of poor DCS scores. DCS can be used as a prelim screening to evaluate the quality of care in diabetic management in early stages so as to rectify any gaps and improve through specialized counselling in subsequent visits. Wide use of these tools is recommended, both in rural and urban scenario to improve and control the diabetic epidemic in India.
Coronary Artery Disease and Periodontal disease –Does severity correlates? An Angiographically confirmed cross-sectional study, Jaipur, India
Authors: Vasim Raja Panwar  , Abhishek Sharma  , Shashi Mohan Sharma  , Sujal Parkar  , Setu Mathur  , Sharma Arvind
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic periodontal disease is the most common oral disease. Bacteremia associated with periodontal disease has an impact on vascular components and connective tissues, which in turn may play role in coronary artery disease. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess correlation between severity of coronary artery disease and periodontal disease. Material and methods: Severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by calculating Gensini scores from the coronary angiograms while periodontal status was assessed clinically by using community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment index (LOA) as per WHO methodology 1997 among 700 participants. Results: The average Gensini score was reported as 30.54 ± 22.84. A significant correlation (P<0.05) was found between Gensini score and CPI score 0, 2, 3 and 4. Conclusion: Weak correlation was found between severity of coronary artery disease and periodontitis.
Strengthening the Health System in India through Ayushman Bharat (AB) - Prime Minister’s Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) - Core Areas to look in to for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Authors: Prakash NS
Published: February 2021

Background: Government of India flagged off a very big health scheme for poor in the name of  ‘Ayushman Bharat’ (AB)  with a huge increase in medical cover for poorer section of the society from Sep 2018. This covers secondary and tertiary hospitalization care  to approximately 40% of the population. Objectives: As the scheme involves huge financial outlay, this paper attempts to evaluate performance  and understand whether the core objectives are met on the lines of Universal Health. Methods: A  exhaustive survey of related literatures and published data on the official web site of AB is made. Results: The scheme is reasonably  successful in  providing financial relief but need to look at areas concerning quality delivery. Conclusions: With the larger objective of ‘Universal Health’, the beneficiaries list need to be reviewed. The scheme should look at bringing down the out of pocket expenses.
Gender Discrimination and Sex-Ratio Imbalance: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Nanda Bijayalaxmi , Ray Nupur
Published: February 2021

The article strives to engage with the notion of gender discrimination at birth. It critically examines the various trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth in order to explore the intensification of its masculinization. Gender- biased sex selection or the practice of sex determination followed by sex-selective abortion in India is considered to be the main reason for this masculinization. Decennial Census since 1991 has shed light on this through its child sex ratio data. Other survey data which capture this include the National Family Health Survey. Scholars, policy-makers, demographers and health practitioners have closely examined this form of discrimination by delving into both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The government of India has unfurled many policies, programmes and laws to counter this imbalance. However, the ratios continue to reveal severe imbalances with passage of time. Apart from the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection Act) 1994 we have the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme which was initiated in 2014. The scheme is a holistic one bringing about a tri ministerial convergence of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Women and Child Development to work on the issue. The approach of the scheme is a community approach falling largely within the rubric of enabling community health practices and participation. The paper draws on both the trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth and other data enriching it by voices from the field from districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where the decline is one of the worst. It contextualizes the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme in this regard in order to arrive at a conclusion of what has improved in terms of numbers as well as attitudes or mindsets. It finally makes suggestions for the way forward in terms of countering gender discrimination at birth and bringing about an egalitarian society by emphasizing on the value of girl-child and women.
Essentials of Biostatistics & Research Methodology
Authors: Bahurupi Yogesh , Sai Bheemisetti Manideep
Published: February 2021

The 3rd edition of “Essentials of Biostatistics & Research Methodology” by Dr. Indranil Saha & Dr. Bobby Paul is one of the complete books on Biostatistics & Research Methodology for Undergraduates, Postgraduates & Ph.D. students of health disciplines. It contains 11 chapters of Essential Biostatistics which are explained from basic to higher statistical concepts in an easy, understandable language by using appropriate examples, tables, diagrams wherever possible.  Chapter 1 explains basic data & its presentation with maximum examples accurately. Estimation of sample size is explained excellently with formulae, examples for each study method. Sampling technique and variability, correlation, regression concepts are explained in a way they gave complete insight into the concepts. The advanced topics are a good guide for biostatisticians.
Book Review: ‘Till We Win - India’s fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic’
Authors: Kakkar Rakesh , Aggarwal Pradeep
Published: February 2021

‘Till We Win’ is a book which provides a comprehensive overview of India’s journey. It deliberates how India, as a nation, fought and continue to fight against the novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2. It documents and analyses the COVID-19 pandemic responses and provides lessons for health systems strengthening.

The book has four section and eleven chapters. The first section focuses upon why viruses are likely to cause pandemic and how human activities are increasing the risks of outbreaks and epidemics. The next section deliberates on India’s pandemic response and how the policies had evolved with every new emerging condition. The authors argue that none of the country was fully prepared for the pandemic of the such a magnitude which eventually had disrupted even ‘so called’ better performing health system.
BACTERIA LOADS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE TAMALE METROPOLIS, GHANA
Authors: Abdulai M. , Abubabakari Z. I. , Cobinna S. J. , Oduro D.
Published: February 2021

Investigations for pathogenic microbes on surfaces of objects have been attaining significant consideration from public health researchers for some time now. This is especially because of the risk of the spread of diseases of public health concern. Consequently, this study was conducted to provide information on bacterial contamination levels in taxis and motorised tricycles operating from the Tamale Main Taxi Rank. Forty samples from taxis and tricycle seats were collected and analysed. All samples contained Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Shigella spp. Taxis contained significantly (p < 0.006) more bacteria than tricycles (mean bacterial loads of 20.35×106 CFU/ml and 2.80×10 6 CFU/ml respectively). Also, considering the materials with which the vehicle seats were made vinyl contained more bacteria (14.06×106 CFU/ml) than cloth (10.98×106 CFU/ml) and polythene (1.12×106 CFU/ml). Using the Kruskal-Wallis test for analysing bacteria loads across material types, it was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.026) between bacteria numbers and material types. The bacteria isolates showed resistance to the antibiotics, ampicillin (10 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Cefotaxime (30 μg), and Ciprofloxacin (5 μg). Taxis and tricycles in some parts of the Metropolis operate under poor hygienic conditions. It is recommended that routine cleaning and disinfection of vehicles as well as the practice of personal hygiene be highly encouraged to keep a safer and healthier urban population and environment.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, Pathogenic, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp
PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS (LEAD AND CADMIUM) IN MEAT SAMPLED FROM THE TAMALE ABATTOIR AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Boahene P. , Imoro Z. A. , Cobbina S. J. , Akpabey F. J. , Ofori S. A.
Published: February 2021

The study investigated the presence and concentration of possible heavy metals residues in meat processed at Tamale abattoir. A total of twenty-seven (27) animal parts (liver, kidney and muscles) from goats, sheep and cattle were sampled and analysed for heavy metals using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Means and standard deviations of Pb and Cd concentrations were computed from the data collected to test for the difference in heavy metal concentrations in the various meat samples. Liver samples from all three different animals were found to contain the highest concentration of Pb (3.17±2.39 mg/kg) and Cd (3.47±3.19 mg/kg). The sampled muscles of all animals used had an average Cd concentration above the permissible. Pb concentrations in cattle and sheep were found to be higher than the permissible limits indicated by the World Health Organisation and United States Environmental Protection Agency. The average daily dose (ADD) of Pb exposure to humans via ingestion were 7.64 × 10˗9 ˗ 2.19 × 10˗8 for children and 3.27 ˗ 9.35 × 10˗9 for adults. For Cd, the ADD were 1.96 ˗ 4.57 × 10˗6 for children and 1.13 ˗ 2.63 × 10˗7 for adults. Human health risk assessment proved no eminent risk of carcinogenicity to consumers, but it is estimated that the higher levels of Pb and Cd in the meat samples may pose a potential health risk over a period of continual exposure.
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Kidney, Liver, Muscle, Abattoir
PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF MICROFINANCE ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN LANKWANTANANG-MADINA MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Ayam J. , Abangbase F. , Dadzie E. N.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the impact of microfinance on women empowerment through a cross-sectional survey with a total of 189 respondents in La-Nkwantanang municipality. Paired sample t-test was performed to analyse the situation before and after joining Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) to access credit facilities. Women empowerment is measured using three indicators namely: standard of living; generation of income from business operation; and participation in decision making at the family level. The main effects of microfinance services computed using the summated scale were found to suggest an improved standard of living with an average mean score of 1.5234 and standard deviation of 0.84099, improvement in business operations with a score of 1.4769 and standard deviation of 0.98718 and enhanced participation of women in decision making with a mean of 1.38378 and standard deviation of 0.98287. The paired sample test results indicated a p-value of 0.000 which is less than 5% (p<0.05). This study confirms the view that access to micro credit after joining MFIs, increased participants’ incomes and savings, improved their standard of living and increased their participation in decision making within the family. Based on the findings, it is recommended that MFIs should expand their financial advisory services to ensure the prudent utilisation of micro credit. Government must design appropriate micro credit policies that support this expansion.
Keywords: Microfinance, Women Empowerment, Survey, Ghana
RECORDS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN GHANAIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
Authors: Ameyaw S. , Frempong-Kore A.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to ascertain records management practices at the Ghana Communications Technology University (formerly Ghana Technology University College) a mid-sized Ghanaian public university located in Accra. All the staff at the Admissions and Records departments participated in the study. This comprised two (2) heads of department and seven (7) senior staff from both departments. The face-to-face interviews were employed as a data collection instrument for this study. The findings indicated that the University has neither a policy to regulate the management of students' records nor a professional archivist to manage records. However, the head of the Records office was given a three-day training on the assumption of office. It was revealed that the head of admissions, as well as all the staff of the two departments, had never been given any training. There were some challenges impeding records management in the Admissions and Records offices– among them are; lack of adequate staff, inadequate storage equipment, lack of periodic training, lack of policy to guide records management and inability of students to furnish the Admission office with the needed information. It was recommended that the University should employ a professional archivist to manage student records, provide adequate storage facilities, organise periodic training for staff as well promulgate a policy to guide records management in the Admissions and Records offices.
Keywords: Accra Campus, Records, Management, Practices, Ghana Communication Technology University
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN BERBASIS SIMPATIKA
Authors: Prayoga Ari , Badrudin Badrudin
Published: February 2021

Dewasa ini penggunaan Simpatika di satuan pendidikan madrasah masih terdapat problematika baik dari verifikasi dan validitas pengolahan data yang diinput, pengelolaan akun yang masih terpusat pada operator madrasah atau pun guru yang masih belum paham pada proses penggunaan data identitas diri simpatika yang harus dikelola oleh satuan tenaga pendidik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap implementasi sistem informasi manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan berbasis Simpatika meliputi; kebijakan madrasah tentang implementasi simpatika, input data pendidik dan kependidikan berbasis simpatika, dan faktor penghambat serta solusinya implementasi SIM PTK berbasis Simpatika di Madrasah Aliyah Darussalam Sumedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Kebijakan penggunaan Simpatika telah diimplementasikan oleh madrasah di bawah instruksi kepala madrasah melalui legalitas regulasi internal lembaga Surat keputusan Nomor: 001/MAS/SK/ SIM.PTK/X/2015 dan ditanggungjawabi Kepala madrasah bidang kurikulum serta dijalankan oleh Operator Madrasah; (2) Input data PTK di Simpatika meliputi input program Simpatika Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan meliputi: pencetakan SKAKPT, Cetak Surat Keterangan Beban Kerja SKBK dan pengesahan SKMT, PTK mencetak SKMT (Surat Keterangan Melaksanakan Tugas), pengaturan jadwal kelas dan rasio jam pelajaran, keaktifan PTK dan kartu PTK. (3) Faktor penghambat implementasi simpatika masih minim pengetahuan serta penggunaan Simpatika pada PTK yang sudah lanjut usia, pendelegasian pengelolaan akun simpatik kepada operator madrasah oleh pendidik yang harusnya dikelola individu pendidik. Solusinya dengan mengadakan bimbingan teknis SIM di satuan madrasah secara mandiri, memahamkan hak dan tanggung jawab penggunaan akun individu simpatik pendidik.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECERDASAN EMOSI DAN AGRESIVITAS REMAJA
Authors: Alwi Said
Published: February 2021

Acts of violence whether individual, group, gang or mass may already be daily news in various mass media. Acts of violence can occur anywhere, such as on the streets, in schools, public places and even in housing complexes. Fights between students often involve a number of teenagers to attack each other for unclear reasons. This is then manifested in aggressive behavior. One of the factors that influence the emergence of aggressive behavior is emotion. Teenagers are one of the individual components in a community that is loaded with emotional upheaval. In the general phase of 12-22 years, teenagers generally have considerable emotions and have the potential to cause excessive aggressiveness. Excessive aggressiveness is an indication of the lack of proportional and effective management of emotions. Teen aggression is related to aspects of emotional processing. the better the level of emotional intelligence of students, the lower the tendency to behave in aggression. Conversely, if emotional intelligence is bad, then the tendency to behave in aggression will be high.
HUBUNGAN GAYA BERPIKIR DIVERGEN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH IPA
Authors: Fauziana Fauziana , Fazilla Sarah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada mahasiswa PGMI FTIK IAIN Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan gaya berpikir divergen dengan kemampuan memecahkan masalah IPA. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGMI FTIK IAIN Lhokseumawe sebanyak 40 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasi Koefisien korelasi sebesar ry = 0,644 (thitung = 5,19 > ttabel = 1, 69 pada taraf signifikansi α =0,05. Dapat disimpulkan Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara gaya berpikir divergen dengan kemampuan memecahkan masalah IPA. Kesimpulan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi gaya berpikir divergen, maka akan semakin tinggi pula kemampuan memecahkan masalah IPA.
SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS SISTEM APLIKASI SATKER (SAS)
Authors: Kaffah Dewi Qorotul , Dian Dian , Pauzi Ega Rahmat
Published: February 2021

Akses pengelolaan informasi pembiayaan dan pelaporan akuntansi Daftar Isian Penggunaan Anggaran (DIPA) hanya bisa diketahui oleh internal lembaga belum ada penyajian data yang dapat disajikan kepada eksternal lembaga madrasah. Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mengungkap implementasi sistem informasi berbasis sistem aplikasi satuan kerja (SAS) di lingkungan Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Garut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan bersumber pada hasil wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; pertama, peran dan fungsi akuntansi digunakan oleh kepala madrasah dalam pengambilan keputusan keuangan, tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan, pemerintah sebagai pemegang kebijakan keuangan negara, orang tua murid dan masyarakat sebagai konsumen untuk mengawasi akuntabilitas pelaporan lembaga; kedua, akses informasi laporan DIPA masih terbatas pada internal lembaga yaitu kepala madrasah, kepala tata usaha dan bendahara. Sistem aplikasi satuan kerja memiliki 3 akun yaitu; akun 5.1 yang mengelola penggajian, akun 5.2 yang mengelola pengadaan barang, dan akun 5.3 yang mengelola belanja modal. Ketiga, pelaporan dilaksanakan oleh bendahara madrasah diupdate secara berkala satu bulan sekali, data digunakan kepala madrasah dan kepala tata usaha dalam pemetaan anggaran madrasah.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DALAM SYAIR PEURATEB ANEUK DI ACEH
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: February 2021

Keluarga merupakan institusi terkecil yang memiliki peran strategis dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai pendidikan kepada anak. keluarga menjadi sumber utama dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai dan pengetahuan tentang kewajiban serta pengamalan ajaran agama Islam. Peuratéb aneuk bertujuan untuk menidurkan anak agar anak terbuai dalam ayunan sambil menikmati syair yang dilantunkan oleh seorang ibu dengan irama yang mendayu-dayu dan suara yang merdu. penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah; teknik penelitian kepustakaan, teknik observasi partisipan, .teknik wawancara etnografi dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peurateb aneuk dapat dijadikan sebagai materi dalam mendidik anak sejak dalam ayunan karena mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan akhlak. Pendidikan ini berlangsung dalam keluarga. Pertama, Akhlak terhadap ibu/bapak. kedua, nilai pendidikan  akhlak terhadap guru, ketiga: nilai pendidikan akhlak terhadap pemimpin, keempat; nilai pendidikan akhlak jangan dengki dan iri hati.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU PAI TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP NEGERI 11 KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Rizqi Amin , Affandi Akhmad , Nuryadien Mahbub
Published: February 2021

Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan seorang guru dalam melaksanakan kewajiban-kewajibanya secara bertanggung jawab dan layak. Semakin baik kompetensi pedagogik guru maka semakin baik pula kemampuan yang akan dimilikinya. Motivasi belajar merupakan daya penggerak yang menimbulkan kegiatan belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 11 Kota Cirebon. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: Observasi, Wawancara, Angket dan Dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, reliabilitas, prosentase dan korelasi product moment. Pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dikategorikan sedang, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan keofisien korelasi dengan nilai 0.508 yang berada pada rentang 0.40 – 0.599 dan koefisien determinasi yaitu dengan nilai prosentase sebesar 25.8% dan sisanya 74.2%.
Въпроси на съвременния български книжовен език и неговата история / Issues in Contemporary Standard Bulgarian and its History
Authors: Charalozova Katya
Published: February 2021

Issue 3/2020 of Balgarski ezik is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin. The first paper presents an overview of some of his contributions to the study of the grammatical categories of Bulgarian verbs, the advancement of orthography theory and the normativisation of Bulgarian spelling as well as to the history of Modern Standard Bulgarian.
The study Konstantin Petkovich and Bulgarian Linguistics authored by Lilia Ilieva and Galina Nikodimova brings into focus Konstantin Petkovich’s views on Bulgarian language as reflected in the translator’s notes to his Russian translation of Franc Miklosič’s work Lautlehre der Bulgarischen Sprache, where he sketched the main features of the Bulgarian dialects, outlined the Bulga¬rian linguistic territory and provided comparisons between Bulgarian gram¬ma¬tical forms and forms in Modern Greek and Romanian.
Nadka Nikolova’s paper titled Anastas Granitski’s Translation “On Commercial Writing” (1858): Introductory Notes deals with part of his 1858 translation of „Тръговско рѫководство“ (A Trade Guide) by Konstantinos Melas. The author emphasises the role of the translation in the reception of business correspondence models from the European Mediterranean on the Balkans and offers the hypothesis that these letters influenced the Bulgarian language on various levels: in terms of spelling and language features, genre specifics and terminology.
Katya Charalozova deals with The Codification of Punctuation Norms in Spelling Dictionaries and Spelling Guides Published in the 1920s and studies the rules for the use of punctuation marks by analysing the state of the codification at the beginning of the 20th century as compared with contemporary codification. As a result, the author confirms the hypothesis about the continuity in the process of codification.
Ruska Stancheva’s work Towards Normative Grammar presents differences between descriptive and normative grammar. The theoretical prerequisites of modern normative grammar and the principles on which the normative description is based are derived.
Tatyana Aleksandrova and Zhaneta Zlateva explore A Fragment of the Process of Reconfiguration of Doublets in the Standard Bulgarian Language (Based on the Nouns Pozhetvovanie and Pozhertvuvanie; Samopozhertvovanie; Sebepozhertvovanie). The authors study the dynamics of codification and the factors determining the normative status of this group of nouns.
In his paper on Semantic Characteristics of Christian Theological Terminology Bozhidar Pitev delves into the specific semantic nature of Christian theological terminology and proposes a classification and a theoretical and methodological model for its analysis.
Hristiana Krasteva’s A Comparison of the Prosodic Features of the Clitic Cluster in Bulgarian Declarative and Interrogative Sentences studies the prosodic and intonational features of these sentences from a clitic cluster’s perspective.
Holistic Approaches to Reducing Salmonella Contamination in Poultry Industry
Authors: Abdul-Rahiman Ummu Afiqah , Nordin Noordiana , Abdul-Mutalib Noor Azira , Sanny Maimunah
Published: February 2021

Salmonella are widely found in the poultry industry, which subsequently may pose a risk to animal and human health. The aim of this review is to highlight strategies for the prevention and control of Salmonella at each stage in the poultry production chain by monitoring risks from the farm to the retailer. Among the primary approaches for control of Salmonella at the farm level includes the administration of synthetic and natural compounds to live chickens (vaccination and antibiotic), litter management as well as fortification of feed and acidification of drinking water. In the poultry processing plant, multiple hurdle technology and different chilling conditions to reduce Salmonella were discussed. In the retail level, an effective monitoring program to control Salmonella contamination by good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis and critical control points has been reviewed. Overall, we conclude that these approaches play a role in reducing the dissemination of Salmonella in the poultry industry. However, there is no published data related to logistic scheduling of poultry processing.
The Diversity of Hoya (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in Some Parts of Kedah and Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Rabbani Azim , Rahmad Zakaria , Rosazlina Rusly , Akomolafe Gbenga , Edzham Syed Mohd , Azmi Faizal
Published: February 2021

This study provided data on the diversity of Hoya species reported to occur in some parts of the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Seven locations were chosen between two states, Kedah (Lata Celak, Sedim, and Bukit Hijau) and Perak (Mahang, Belukar Semang, Sungai Rui, and Pondok Tanjung). This extensive fieldwork was carried out from 2018 until the end of 2019 to provide a baseline checklist for this genus in this northern region. All living specimens found were recorded, and some species were cultivated for further identification and ex-situ conservation purposes. A total of 27 species and one variety were recorded, out of which 15 species were newly reported for the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The newly described species, Hoya peninsularis Rodda & Zakaria, was also reported in this study. One unknown species was found and labelled as Hoya sp. cf. scortechinii. Further identification process together with molecular analysis of this plant is still ongoing. The most diverse forests are Sungai Rui and Lata Celak, having the Shannon index of 2.741 and 2.622, respectively. Both forests possess the richest in Hoya species, but with low dominance index. The Sorenson similarity index is 6.74%, indicating a very low similarity of Hoya species between the studied sites. Due to the high diversity recorded, the number of Hoya species in the country is expected to increase if the genus is explored continuously. However, most of the study areas were exposed to extreme logging activities and had a high degree of human disturbances, indicating the need for intensive conservation efforts in this genus.
Ảnh hưởng của chất kết dính đến độ rỗng và hệ số suy giảm khuếch tán clorua của HPC
Authors: Hồ Văn Quân
Published: February 2021

Việc sử dụng các phụ gia khoáng như xỉ lò cao, tro bay, ... để thay thế một phần xi măng trong bê tông đã nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm trong thời gian gần đây do các phụ gia khoáng cải thiện độ chống thấm clorua và các tính chất liên quan đến độ bền của bê tông trong các môi trường xâm thực. Bài báo trình bày ảnh hưởng của loại chất kết dính đến độ rỗng và hệ số suy giảm khuếch tán clorua của bê tông tính năng cao (HPC). Ba loại bê tông tính năng cao gồm bê tông xi măng poóc lăng (OPC), bê tông chứa 35% xỉ lò cao (HPC1), bê tông chứa 35% xỉ lò cao và 20% tro bay (HPC2) có cùng tỉ lệ nước - chất kết dính là 0,30. Chúng được thí nghiệm để xác định độ rỗng (r) và hệ số khuếch tán clorua (Dcl) ở các độ tuổi 28, 56, 120 và 210 ngày. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng độ rỗng và hệ số suy giảm khuếch tán clorua (m) của HPC bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể bởi loại chất kết dính được sử dụng, việc sử dụng các phụ gia khoáng như xỉ lò cao, tro bay làm giảm độ rỗng và cải thiện đáng kể hệ số suy giảm khuếch tán clorua của HPC. Hệ số suy giảm khuếch tán clorua m của các bê tông OPC, HPC1 và HPC2 tương ứng là 0,190, 0,384 và 0,617. Thông qua hồi quy cho thấy mối quan hệ chặt chẽ giữa hệ số khuếch tán clorua Dcl và độ rỗng r.
Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của vết nứt tới độ thấm của vật liệu rỗng bằng phương pháp phần tử hữu hạn
Authors: Lý Hải Bằng , Phan Việt Hùng , Nguyễn Ngọc Long
Published: February 2021

Trong xây dựng công trình, địa kỹ thuật, dòng chảy trong môi trường rỗng có vết nứt thường được các nhà khoa học rất quan tâm. Tuy nhiên cho tới thời điểm hiện tại, vẫn tồn tại nhiều hạn chế về cơ sở lý thuyết và thực tiễn cần được nghiên cứu. Một trong những cách tiếp cận vấn đề chất lỏng chảy qua môi trường rỗng có vết nứt chính là việc giải bài toán kết hợp giữa phương trình Stokes và Darcy. Trong nghiên cứu này, nhóm tác giả sử dụng công cụ phần tử hữu hạn đã được phát triển trong Matlab để tính toán độ thấm của môi trường rỗng có vết nứt thông qua việc giải bài toán Stokes-Darcy. Ứng xử cơ học của môi trường rỗng có vết nứt thường được quyết định bởi yếu tố dòng chảy qua nó, độ rỗng ban đầu, sự phân bố và liên kết của mạng lưới lỗ rỗng, khe nứt. Vì vậy, bài báo tập trung nghiên cứu vai trò các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến đặc tính của dòng chảy trong môi trường rỗng như hình dạng hay sự liên kết các vết nứt. Kết quả cho thấy những yếu tố trên đặc biệt quan trọng tới độ thấm vĩ mô của môi trường rỗng có vết nứt. Khi vết nứt là liên tục thì độ thấm của nó có giá trị lớn hơn ít nhất 1000 lần độ thấm của môi trường rỗng xung quanh. Ngược lại, nếu vết nứt bị cô lập bởi môi trường rỗng thì tùy vào dạng hình học của vết nứt mà độ thấm của nó sẽ có những ảnh hưởng nhất định tới độ thấm vĩ mô (có giá trị nhỏ hơn từ 4 đến 15 lần độ thấm của môi trường rỗng bao quanh).
Maternal Diabetes: A Potential Risk Factor of Congenital Hearing Loss
Authors: Carlos-Hiceta Angeli C. , Reyes-Quintos Maria Rina T.
Published: February 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence rate of 'refer' result in neonates born to diabetic mothers and to determine the association of maternal diabetes and the initial 'refer' result.

Methods. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study which included neonates who had hearing screening test using transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions test (TEOAE) on both ears at the Philippine General Hospital Ear unit during three weeks. We obtained the demographic characteristics, presence/absence of maternal diabetes, and OAE results.

Results. Among the 150 neonates, ten were born to diabetic mothers, with an age range of 2-8 days old. Forty percent of neonates of diabetic mothers had an initial 'refer' result compared with 7.9% of nondiabetic mothers' neonates. After logistic regression analysis, there is a significant association between maternal diabetes and initial 'refer' result in OAE with a p-value <0.05. If the mother is diagnosed with diabetes (gestational/pre-gestational), the odds of having an initial 'refer' result in the hearing screening is 2x higher. The odds can range from 2-43 times.

Conclusion. The incidence rate of an initial 'refer' result in neonates of diabetic mothers is 40%. There is a significant association between maternal diabetes and the initial 'refer' result in the OAE test.
The queer spaces of BDSM and non-monogamy
Authors: Carlström Charlotta , Andersson Catrine
Published: February 2021

Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within BDSM communities in Sweden, this article focuses on links between non-monogamy and BDSM. Drawing on Halberstam´s concept of queer space, the following questions are investigated: What are the connections between BDSM and non-monogamous communities? How does interaction between BDSM and non-monogamous practices create non-normative logic? The transgression of one norm makes it easier to transgress other norms as well, providing opportunities to find new ways of organizing relationships beyond the norms of monogamy. In order for an individual to be able to fully explore kinks in BDSM practices and at the same time respect the boundaries of a partner, nonmonogamy emerges as one logical answer.
The effects of genotype and week of lactation on milk yield, udder dimensions and linear body measurements of non-dairy ewes
Authors: Adewumi O. O. , Chineke C. A. , Alokan J. A. , James I. J. , Akinola O. A.
Published: February 2021

One hundred and ninety two records were taken weekly for twenty four (24) weeks from West African Dwarf (WD), the Yankasa (YN) and the West African Dwarf X Yankasa crossbred (XB) sheep. The traits evaluated were milk yield (MK), linear body measurements (LB) such as height at withers, (HT), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), shoulder width (SW), Tail length (TA), Neck length (NL), Neck circumference (NC), Face length (FA), Hind leg length (HL), Foreleg length (FL), Face length (FA), Ear length (EA), Head width (HW) and Rump height (RH) together with the following Udder dimensions (UD): Udder circumference (UC), Teat length (TL) and Teat circumference (TC). There was significant (P<0.05) influence of genotype on MK, WHT, HT, BL, TA, FL, HL, FA, EA and RH. The WD ewes produced more milk than either the YN or XB enes. Average daily milk yield (ml) was 122.25, 90.88 ana 108.8. The YN genotype was superior in all LBs except SW and NC than the WD and XB in the three genotypes. Height at withers was 59.08, 69.21 and 61.81 cm; BL 48.54, 55.08 and 54.49 cm and RH 62.88, 75.11 and 68.46 cm for WD, YN and XB enes respectively. Since milk offtake is related to body weight and some linear body measurements, selection for WT, HG, SW, NL NC, UC and TL in WD ewes could lead to higher milk and mutton production.
Nutrition al manipulation of feeding behaviour of birds
Authors: Ubah E. J. , Abeke F. O. , Madziga I. I.
Published: February 2021

A research to manipulate the feeding behaviour of laying hens from nutritional perspective was conducted with 504 ISA Brown. Seventeen (17) week old ISA brown with weights ranging between 1590 and 1812 g were allocated to six dietary treatments. There were seven replicates per treatment with 12 birds each making a total of 42 pens in all. Experimental diets differed in the levels of energy, levels insoluble Non Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) and the particle sizes of the NSP. Birds had free access to water and feed during which feeding observations with video cameras were made to observe and record the feeding behaviour of birds at 17, 21, 25, 29, 33 and 35 weeks of age. A computer software programme called Observer 5.0 was used to analyze the observations by one person for 30 minutes per cage. In order to gain more insight in the feeding behaviour of laying hens, 60 laying hens were used for a passage rate experiment using titanium dioxide as an inert marker: Five birds were used for each dietary treatment, and replicated twice. At t=0, three titanium capsules were offered to each bird. After five different time points (30, 90, 180, 270 and 360 minutes), these birds were sacrificed and dissected. The gut (titanium) contents from different segments of the GIT (crop, gizzard, ileum, colon and caeca) of each bird were analysed using spectrophotometer at an absorbance of 408 nm. Results from the study indicate that the feeding behaviour of laying hen can be manipulated nutritionally. Bulky diets (10.6 MJ/kg) significantly (P<0.05) increased the eating time of laying hens by 15% compared with normal energy content (11.8 MJ/kg) and this led to consumption of more feed (average 2355g) than those of normal energy diets (2175g). Similarly, the separate effect of NSP, NSP coarseness and interaction between low energy; NSP and NSP coarseness influenced the eating behaviour. Feeding layers with low density diet containing a combination of low energy high NSP coarse NSP increased the amount of time birds spent feeding by 32% and consequently increased the feed intake by 11% (average feed intake of 135g ) above normal energy low NSP mixture diet (average feed intake of 120g). The passage rate experiment showed that Low energy High non starch polysaccharide coarse (LeHnspcoarse) diet reduces the gut transit time, thus birds quickly feel hungrier after a period of satiety, possibly resulting in a short inter-meal interval. Conclusively, the interaction between low energy, high NSP and NSP coarseness influence birds' feeding behaviour necessitating increase in eating time and faster passage rate via the GIT
The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits
Authors: Akinmutimi A. H. , Abasiekong, S. F. , Ekwu U. S.
Published: February 2021

The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits was investigated using twenty (20) weaner rabbits. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets/with two replicates of two (2) rabbits per pen in a completely randomized design CRD). The experiment lasted for 56 days. Ti = forage 80%: concentrate 20%, T2 = forage 60%. concentrate 40%, T3 = forage 40%: concentrate 60%, T4 = forage 20%: concentrate 80% and T5 = forage 50%: concentrate 50% served as the control. Data were collected for feed intake, weight gain, carcass quality and the economics of the diet. The growth performance result was significantly different (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered except for total feed intake. Treatment 3 (T3) had the highest value for final weight (1423.0 g), total weight gain (925.5g) and daily weight gain (16.52 g), with the least feed conversion ratio of (2.58) among others. The cut parts results showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered. 73 also had the highest value for the prime parts. The organ weights results did not follow any specific pattern that could be attributed to the effect of the test ingredients. The economics /gross margin showed that T3 was favoured among others A 731.38, N929.18, N1045.78, N828.81, N825.39),T3 (forage40%: concentrate 60%) was therefore recommended.
The effect of graded levels of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) in practical broiler starter diets in the humid tropics
Authors: Idowu O. M. O.
Published: February 2021

A total of 144 day-old Anak 2000 strain of broiler chicks were used in the study. A basal diet was formulated and supplemented at 0, 200, 400, 600 mg kg of MgSO4 to constitute four dietary treatments. The birds were randomly allotted to the four dietary treatment groups and replicated thrice (12 birds per replicate). The performance characteristics, rutrient digestion coefficients, Mg utilization coefficients and haematological and biochemical parameters of the birds were determined Feed conversion ratio, crude protein retention, Mg utilization and blood parameters were highest in birds fed diet containing 400mg kg MgSO4 There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the final body weight, weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and crude protein retention Liver Mg content, Mg intake and excretion increased significantly in a dosage dependent manner. Nutrients digestibility increased significantly as Mg levels increased from 0 to 400mg though, digestibility coefficients of Mg were significantly (p>0.05) depressed across treatments. However, serum Mg, Mg digestibility coefficient and tissue Mg residue were similar across treatment groups. The results showed that inclusion of 400mg kg supplemental MgSO4 in practical broiler starter diets resulted in improved performance and nutrients digestibility of the birds.
Comparative immunogenicity of local and imported infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines administered to chicks at different days of age
Authors: Talabi A. O. , Oyekunle M. A. , Olaniyi M. O. , Akinloye A. K. , Adeiyi K. O. , Bankole A. B.
Published: February 2021

A comparative immunogenicity and efficacy study of local and imported infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines administered to chicks (cockerels) at varying regimes (10 and 18, 10 and 28, 14 and 35 days of age) was carried out. The test birds were challenged seven days after the booster dose of the IBD vaccine by administering six drops of 20% suspension of infected Bursa of Fabricius homogenate in saline intraocularly. The results showed that the control (unvaccinated) birds as well as those that were vaccinated on the 14 and 35" days of life showed signs of IBD and up to 80% of the birds in these two categories died two days post-challenge. The birds that were vaccinated on the 10% and 18and 10and 28 days of life were apparently protected from clinical infection as there was no morbidity or mortality among them as a result of the IBD virus challenge. The results of the study suggest that both local and imported vaccines are immunogenic and vaccination of chicks on the 10h and 184 and 10h and 28 days of life is effective and protective.
Effects of cutting frequency and fertilizer-N application on growth and production on guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq) sown pasture
Authors: Onyeonagu C. C. , Asiegbu J. E.
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting frequency and fertilizer-N rates on growth and production of guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). The experiment was conducted in Nsukka, Nigeria. Treatments comprised four levels of fertilizer N (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha ') and four cutting intervals (3, 6, 9 and 12 weekly intervals). Plant height, tiller number and herbage dry matter yields were significantly increased by 6%, 44% and 53%, respectively, during the establishment year when fertilizer-Nrate was increased from 0 to 450 kg N ha'. The extent of weed cover was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 33% in 2000 when fertilizer-N rate was increased from 0 to 450 kg N ha'. Increase in interval between cuts from 3 to 12 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant height in all the years. Plant height was increased (P < 0.05) by 28% 34% and 28% in 2001, 2002 and 2004, respectively, when fertilizer N was increased from 0 to 450 kg ha'. Application of Nat 450 kg ha produced similar plant heights in 2001 with the 300 kg N ha' but differed from the 150 kg N ha'. Increase in nitrogen application progressively increased (P<0.05) plant height in 2002 and 2004.

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Assessment of production objective and breeding practices of rural goat keepers and implications for a breeding programme in north central Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu A. , Achapu M. M.
Published: February 2021

Goat farming is a veritable source of livelihood of many rural families in Africa. This study aimed at determining prevailing production systems and breeding objectives of rural goat producers in north central Nigeria. A total of 780 rural goat keepers corresponding to 60 per State (Nasarawa, Benue and Plateau) were randomly sampled. Primary data (socioeconomics of respondents, reasons for keeping goats, flock structure, management system, productivity and breeding practices) were collected through individual structured questionnaire administration Cross tabulations and Chi square (ϰ2) statistics were used to compare categorical variables, while rank means, arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for within- and between-state comparisons of the continuous variables. While more goat producers were involved in crop farming in Benue State (43.6%), only 34.5 and 21.8% engaged in farming in Plateau and Nasarawa State, respectively. Goats were kept for income generation, milk, meat and cultural/religious functions by about 61.1, 12.8, 15.0 and 6.1% of the producers while the relative importance given by respondents to die different objectives varied significantly (Chi-square=6.62; P<0.05) across the States. The average flock sizes of goats for Nasarawa (9.68±5.63), Benue (8.25±4.73) and Plateau (8.80±43.98) were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Semi-intensive system predominated (P<0.01). Productivity indices showed that for age of parturition, number of kids of Sahel doe and lifespan of goats, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Among all the breeding traits across the three States, only disease resistance varied (P<0.01). Disease resistance, survival, fertility, number of offspring and body size appeared similar (P>0.05) as preference for production traits. However, growth (83.52-97.68 mean ranks) (Plateau State) and cultural importance (75.28-104.70 mean ranks) (Benue State) varied across the States (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The present information will be useful in understanding the farmers' production objectives, management and breeding practices as a first step in designing a sustainable breeding programme for rural farmers in the study areas.