bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General error analysis of matrix-operation-mode decomposition technique in few-mode fiber laser
Authors: Deng Yu , Li Wei , Gao Zhiqiang , Liu Wei , Ma Pengfei , Zhou Pu , Jiang Zongfu
Published: April 2024

The mode decomposition based on matrix operation (MDMO) is one of the fastest mode decomposition (MD) techniques, which is important to the few-mode fiber laser characterization and its applications. In this paper, the general error of the MDMO technique was analyzed, where different influencing factors, such as position deviation of the optical imaging system, coordinate deviation of the image acquisition system, aberrations, and mode distortion were considered. It is found that the MDMO technique based on far-field intensity distribution is less affected by optical imaging system position deviation, coordinate deviation of the image acquisition system, and mode distortion than those based on direct near-field decomposition. But far-field decomposition is more affected by aberration than those based on near-field decomposition. In particular, the numerical results show that the deviation of the coordinate axis direction is an important factor limiting the accuracy of MD. In addition, replacing the ideal eigenmode basis with a distorted eigenmode basis can effectively suppress the decrease in mode decomposition accuracy caused by fiber bending. Moreover, based on detailed numerical analysis results, fitting formulas for estimating the accuracy of the MDMO technique with imperfections are also provided, which provides a comprehensive method for evaluating the accuracy of the MDMO technique in practical engineering operations.
Method to overlay an interference field over a grating using only the grating’s profile symmetry
Authors: Li Lifeng , Qiu Keqiang , Chen Huoyao
Published: April 2024

We theoretically present and experimentally validate a method to overlay the interference field (for making straight-line holographic gratings) with a real grating and a derived method to measure the lateral shift between two real gratings. The methods rely only on the real gratings’ profile symmetry, and they are robust against variations of the real gratings’ profile parameters and functional form.
Radio frequency electric field-enhanced sensing based on the Rydberg atom-based superheterodyne receiver
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Jing Minyong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Linjie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: April 2024

We present enhanced sensing of a radio frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) by the combined polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the optimized local oscillator (LO) field of a superheterodyne receiver. Our modified theoretical model reveals the dependencies of the sensitivity of E-field amplitude measurement on the polarizability of Rydberg states and the strength of the LO field. The enhanced sensitivities of the megahertz (MHz) E-field are demonstrated at the optimal LO field for three different Rydberg states , , and . The sensitivity of 63 MHz for the state reaches 9.6 , which is approximately an order of magnitude higher than those already published. This result closely approaches the sensitivity limit of a 1 cm passive dipole antenna without using an impedance matching network. This atomic sensor based on the Rydberg Stark effect with heterodyne technique is expected to boost an alternative solution to electric dipole antennas.
Confidential multiple-input multiple-output optical camera communication aided by a two-dimensional pilot
Authors: Hu Shan-Shan , Chi Xue-Fen , Ji Feng-Lei , Chen Shao-Qi , Hu Gao-Yang
Published: April 2024

Optical camera communication (OCC) has attracted increased attention for its inherent security advantage. However, there still exists the risk of eavesdropping on the broadcasting channel of OCC. To achieve confidential communication, we propose the confidentiality-interference dual light-emitting diode (LED) communication (CIDLC) scheme at the transmitter (TX) and elimination of interference (EI) scheme at the receiver (RX). Meanwhile, interference signals refer to the bit shift of confidential signals. Further, we propose the two-dimensional pilot-aided channel estimation (2D-PACE) scheme to enhance the reliability of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OCC. Experiment results validate the effectiveness of our schemes, which guarantee confidentiality while performing well at a 2 m non-line-of-sight (NLOS) distance. Finally, the communication–illumination integration OCC is constructed via the energy equalization coding (EEC) scheme.
High repetition-rate pulse shaping of a spectrally broadened Yb femtosecond laser
Authors: Codere Julia , Belmonte Michael , Kaufman Brian , Wahl Michael , Jones Eric , Cohen Martin G , Weinacht Thomas , Forbes Ruaridh
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate compression and shaping of few cycle pulses from a high average power ytterbium laser system. The pulses from a commercial 20 W, 100 kHz Yb laser system are spectrally broadened in two-stages using cascaded, gas-filled, stretched hollow-core fibers and then compressed and shaped in an acousto-optic modulator-based pulse-shaper. The pulse-shaper allows for compression, characterization, and shaping all in one system, producing ∼10 fs pulses with 30 μJ of energy.
Diffractive multifocal lens design using phase retrieval
Authors: Lyu Jiakai
Published: April 2024

This study proposed a novel method to design diffractive multifocal lenses using phase retrieval, which was utilized to recover the phase information in imaging. The phase-retrieval lens could achieve the desired diffraction efficiencies at the targeted foci while maintaining a smooth profile and a high overall efficiency. An example of an optimum triplicator showed an overall efficiency of 92.59%, matching derivation of prior work. Another example of a nine-foci lens showed an overall efficiency of 98.74%. With its merits, the proposed method can design diffractive intraocular lenses with reduced dysphotopsia and increased manufacturability.
The impact of phage and phage resistance on microbial community dynamics
Authors: Alseth Ellinor O. , Custodio Rafael , Sundius Sarah A. , Kuske Rachel A. , Brown Sam P. , Westra Edze R.
Published: April 2024

Where there are bacteria, there will be bacteriophages. These viruses are known to be important players in shaping the wider microbial community in which they are embedded, with potential implications for human health. On the other hand, bacteria possess a range of distinct immune mechanisms that provide protection against bacteriophages, including the mutation or complete loss of the phage receptor, and CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity. While our previous work showed how a microbial community may impact phage resistance evolution, little is known about the inverse, namely how interactions between phages and these different phage resistance mechanisms affect the wider microbial community in which they are embedded. Here, we conducted a 10-day, fully factorial evolution experiment to examine how phage impact the structure and dynamics of an artificial four-species bacterial community that includes either Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type or an isogenic mutant unable to evolve phage resistance through CRISPR-Cas. Additionally, we used mathematical modelling to explore the ecological interactions underlying full community behaviour, as well as to identify general principles governing the impacts of phage on community dynamics. Our results show that the microbial community structure is drastically altered by the addition of phage, with Acinetobacter baumannii becoming the dominant species and P. aeruginosa being driven nearly extinct, whereas P. aeruginosa outcompetes the other species in the absence of phage. Moreover, we find that a P. aeruginosa strain with the ability to evolve CRISPR-based resistance generally does better when in the presence of A. baumannii, but that this benefit is largely lost over time as phage is driven extinct. Finally, we show that pairwise data alone is insufficient when modelling our microbial community, both with and without phage, highlighting the importance of higher order interactions in governing multispecies dynamics in complex communities. Combined, our data clearly illustrate how phage targeting a dominant species allows for the competitive release of the strongest competitor while also contributing to community diversity maintenance and potentially preventing the reinvasion of the target species, and underline the importance of mapping community composition before therapeutically applying phage.
Mrj is a chaperone of the Hsp40 family that regulates Orb2 oligomerization and long-term memory in Drosophila
Authors: Desai Meghal , Hemant  , Deo Ankita , Naik Jagyanseni , Dhamale Prathamesh , Kshirsagar Avinash , Bose Tania , Majumdar Amitabha
Published: April 2024

Orb2 the Drosophila homolog of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein forms prion-like oligomers. These oligomers consist of Orb2A and Orb2B isoforms and their formation is dependent on the oligomerization of the Orb2A isoform. Drosophila with a mutation diminishing Orb2A’s prion-like oligomerization forms long-term memory but fails to maintain it over time. Since this prion-like oligomerization of Orb2A plays a crucial role in the maintenance of memory, here, we aim to find what regulates this oligomerization. In an immunoprecipitation-based screen, we identify interactors of Orb2A in the Hsp40 and Hsp70 families of proteins. Among these, we find an Hsp40 family protein Mrj as a regulator of the conversion of Orb2A to its prion-like form. Mrj interacts with Hsp70 proteins and acts as a chaperone by interfering with the aggregation of pathogenic Huntingtin. Unlike its mammalian homolog, we find Drosophila Mrj is neither an essential gene nor causes any gross neurodevelopmental defect. We observe a loss of Mrj results in a reduction in Orb2 oligomers. Further, Mrj knockout exhibits a deficit in long-term memory and our observations suggest Mrj is needed in mushroom body neurons for the regulation of long-term memory. Our work implicates a chaperone Mrj in mechanisms of memory regulation through controlling the oligomerization of Orb2A and its association with the translating ribosomes.
Comparing closure compliance and ease of use for consumer product packs designed to reduce access to children
Authors: Richmond Annalise , Schwebel David C. , Leung Clara Ng Pak , Vallez Elke , Lesage Heidi , Degeyter Raf , Liang Zhiwu , Stijntjes Gerard
Published: April 2024

Child impeding packs are difficult for children to open so protect them from unintended access to hazardous contents inside the pack. However, if packs are difficult for adults to open, in normal usage scenarios, this may result in a higher occurrence of packs being left open. This research explores differences in ease of usage and closure compliance between two types of child impeding packs of liquid laundry detergent capsules. The two packs, “Pinch & Lift” and “Press & Lift”, had different opening and closing mechanisms. “Press & Lift” also included an audible “click” signal to confirm complete closure to the user. The research was performed across two studies. In both studies, the packs were used in participants’ homes according to their usual storage and usage practices as replacements to their current liquid laundry detergent capsule pack. All participants had small children living with them in their household. In Study 1, self-reported closure and ease of use data was collected from 99 adult participants in Germany. They used each package in their home for 10 days. Study 2 extended Study 1 by measuring closure rates with an objective assessment using in pack sensors for a 10-day period for each pack. Self-reported closure and ease of use data were also collected. Study 2 was conducted with 87 participants in the United Kingdom. Results across both studies showed “Press & Lift” with the audible “Click” close signal to be rated by participants to be significantly easier to open and close and have a higher self-reported closure rate than “Pinch & Lift”. In addition, Study 2 results demonstrated higher closure rates using “Press & Lift” based on the sensor-measured closure compliance. Together, the results suggest transition to a pack with a mechanism that is child impeding and easier for an adult to use with an audible closure signal, like the “Press & Lift” system, has potential to reduce child access to a capsule from a pack by reducing the likelihood of the pack being left open by the adult user. Ultimately, such packs could protect children from potential poisoning injury across a range of consumer products.
Rumor detection based on Attention Graph Adversarial Dual Contrast Learning
Authors: Zhang Bing , Liu Tao , Ke Zunwang , Li Yanbing , Silamu Wushour
Published: April 2024

It is becoming harder to tell rumors from non-rumors as social media becomes a key news source, which invites malicious manipulation that could do harm to the public’s health or cause financial loss. When faced with situations when the session structure of comment sections is deliberately disrupted, traditional models do not handle them adequately. In order to do this, we provide a novel rumor detection architecture that combines dual comparison learning, adversarial training, and attention filters. We suggest the attention filter module to achieve the filtering of some dangerous comments as well as the filtering of some useless comments, allowing the nodes to enter the GAT graph neural network with greater structural information. The adversarial training module (ADV) simulates the occurrence of malicious comments through perturbation, giving the comments some defense against malicious comments. It also serves as a hard negative sample to aid double contrast learning (DCL), which aims to learn the differences between various comments, and incorporates the final loss in the form of a loss function to strengthen the model. According to experimental findings, our AGAD (Attention Graph Adversarial Dual Contrast Learning) model outperforms other cutting-edge algorithms on a number of rumor detection tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/icezhangGG/AGAD.git.
Shroud waving self-determination: A qualitative analysis of the moral and epistemic dimensions of obstetric violence in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Waal Rodante , van Nistelrooij Inge
Published: April 2024

Obstetric violence is an urgent global problem. Recently, several studies have appeared on obstetric violence in the Netherlands, indicating that it is a more widespread phenomenon in Dutch maternity care than commonly thought. At the same time, there has been very little public outrage over these studies. The objective of this qualitative research is to gain insight into the working and normalization of obstetric violence by focusing on the moral and epistemic injustices that both facilitate obstetric violence and make it look acceptable. Following the study design of Responsive Evaluation, interviews, homogenous, and heterogenous focus groups were done in three phases, with thirty-one participants, consisting of ten mothers, eleven midwives, five doulas and five midwives in training. All participants were already critically engaged with the topic, which was a selection criterion to be able to bring the existing depth of knowledge on this topic of people in the field to the fore. Data was analyzed through Thematic Analysis. We elaborate on two groups of results. First, we discuss the forms of obstetric violence most commonly mentioned by the participants, which were vaginal examinations, episiotomies, and pelvic floor support. Second, we demonstrate two major themes that concern practices related to moral and epistemic injustice: 1) ‘Playing the dead baby card’, with the sub-themes ‘shroud waving’, ‘hidden agenda’, and ‘normalizing obstetric violence’; and 2) ‘Troubling consent’, with sub-themes ‘not being asked for consent’, ‘saying “yes”‘, ‘saying “no”‘, and ‘giving up resistance’. While epistemic injustice has been analyzed in relation to obstetric violence, moral injustice has not yet been conceptualized as a fundamental part of both the practice and the justification of obstetric violence. This research hence contributes not only to the better understanding of obstetric violence in the Netherlands, but also to a further theorization of this specific form of gender-based violence.
Bioinformatics and system biology approaches to determine the connection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Huang Tengda , Pan Hongyuan , Du Ao , Wu Tian , Lan Jiang , Song Yujia , Lv Yue , He Fang , Yuan Kefei
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on ICC patients.

Methods

With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs.

Results

This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified SCD, ACSL5, ACAT2, HSD17B4, ALDOA, ACSS1, ACADSB, CYP51A1, PSAT1, and HKDC1 as hub genes. Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodate-oxidized adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine, Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, Benzo[a]pyrene, SARIN, Dorzolamide, 8-Bromo-cAMP) may prove effective in treating ICC and COVID-19.

Conclusion

This study is expected to provide valuable references and potential drugs for future research and treatment of COVID-19 and ICC.
User authentication system based on human exhaled breath physics
Authors: Karunanethy Mukesh , Tripathi Rahul , Panchagnula Mahesh V. , Rengaswamy Raghunathan
Published: April 2024

This work, in a pioneering approach, attempts to build a biometric system that works purely based on the fluid mechanics governing exhaled breath. We test the hypothesis that the structure of turbulence in exhaled human breath can be exploited to build biometric algorithms. This work relies on the idea that the extrathoracic airway is unique for every individual, making the exhaled breath a biomarker. Methods including classical multi-dimensional hypothesis testing approach and machine learning models are employed in building user authentication algorithms, namely user confirmation and user identification. A user confirmation algorithm tries to verify whether a user is the person they claim to be. A user identification algorithm tries to identify a user’s identity with no prior information available. A dataset of exhaled breath time series samples from 94 human subjects was used to evaluate the performance of these algorithms. The user confirmation algorithms performed exceedingly well for the given dataset with over 97% true confirmation rate. The machine learning based algorithm achieved a good true confirmation rate, reiterating our understanding of why machine learning based algorithms typically outperform classical hypothesis test based algorithms. The user identification algorithm performs reasonably well with the provided dataset with over 50% of the users identified as being within two possible suspects. We show surprisingly unique turbulent signatures in the exhaled breath that have not been discovered before. In addition to discussions on a novel biometric system, we make arguments to utilise this idea as a tool to gain insights into the morphometric variation of extrathoracic airway across individuals. Such tools are expected to have future potential in the area of personalised medicines.
Deep mining of the Sequence Read Archive reveals major genetic innovations in coronaviruses and other nidoviruses of aquatic vertebrates
Authors: Lauber Chris , Zhang Xiaoyu , Vaas Josef , Klingler Franziska , Mutz Pascal , Dubin Arseny , Pietschmann Thomas , Roth Olivia , Neuman Benjamin W. , Gorbalenya Alexander E. , Bartenschlager Ralf , Seitz Stefan
Published: April 2024

Virus discovery by genomics and metagenomics empowered studies of viromes, facilitated characterization of pathogen epidemiology, and redefined our understanding of the natural genetic diversity of viruses with profound functional and structural implications. Here we employed a data-driven virus discovery approach that directly queries unprocessed sequencing data in a highly parallelized way and involves a targeted viral genome assembly strategy in a wide range of sequence similarity. By screening more than 269,000 datasets of numerous authors from the Sequence Read Archive and using two metrics that quantitatively assess assembly quality, we discovered 40 nidoviruses from six virus families whose members infect vertebrate hosts. They form 13 and 32 putative viral subfamilies and genera, respectively, and include 11 coronaviruses with bisegmented genomes from fishes and amphibians, a giant 36.1 kilobase coronavirus genome with a duplicated spike glycoprotein (S) gene, 11 tobaniviruses and 17 additional corona-, arteri-, cremega-, nanhypo- and nangoshaviruses. Genome segmentation emerged in a single evolutionary event in the monophyletic lineage encompassing the subfamily Pitovirinae. We recovered the bisegmented genome sequences of two coronaviruses from RNA samples of 69 infected fishes and validated the presence of poly(A) tails at both segments using 3’RACE PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing. We report a genetic linkage between accessory and structural proteins whose phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary distances are incongruent with the phylogeny of replicase proteins. We rationalize these observations in a model of inter-family S recombination involving at least five ancestral corona- and tobaniviruses of aquatic hosts. In support of this model, we describe an individual fish co-infected with members from the families Coronaviridae and Tobaniviridae. Our results expand the scale of the known extraordinary evolutionary plasticity in nidoviral genome architecture and call for revisiting fundamentals of genome expression, virus particle biology, host range and ecology of vertebrate nidoviruses.
The Australian breaking scene and the Olympic Games: The possibilities and politics of sportification
Authors: Gunn Rachael , Marie Lucas
Published: April 2024

In this article, we analyse the impact of breaking’s inclusion in the Olympics on the Australian breaking scene. We draw on our experiences as Australian breaking practitioners, as well as ethnographic field research conducted between 2018 and 2021, to show how Australian breakers have responded to, and made sense of, breaking becoming an Olympic sport. While some breakers see the Olympics as an opportunity and space for wider recognition, many have expressed concerns with the growing influence (and embrace) of transnational commercial organizations and institutional governing bodies in shaping and managing breaking’s future. Alongside concerns of an increasing sportification of breaking, this trajectory points towards an increasing loss of self-determination, agency and spontaneity for local Australian breakers and will have profound consequences for the way in which hip hop personhood is constantly ‘remade and renegotiated’ in Australia (Marie 2020: 4). Isolated from the major breaking hubs (North America/Asia/Europe), Australia’s breaking scene is marked by distinct, self-determined localized scenes separated from each other by the geographic expansiveness of this island-continent. Here, breaking is a space for those ‘othered’ by Australian institutions to express themselves and engage in new hierarchies of respect. We argue that breaking’s institutionalization via the Olympics will place breaking more firmly within this sporting nation’s hegemonic settler-colonial structures that rely upon racialized and gendered hierarchies. As such, in this article we discuss and examine how the Olympics impacts ongoing local, social and cultural productions and expressions of hip hop, and the distinct possibilities of breaking that enable its participants to ‘show and prove’ outside standardized, institutionalized rubrics.
Mad dogs and ecofascist spectres: The CDC’s midcentury rabies films and contemporary settler-colonial upkeep
Authors: Schultz-Figueroa Benjamín
Published: April 2024

This article performs a genealogy of how the CDC’s attempt to contain rabies in 1950’s America depicted zoonosis, arguing that these images of diseased animals have consistently been charged expressions of national belonging, anxiety, and paranoia. Closely analysing the aesthetics, production and reception of two midcentury early rabies control films produced by the CDC – ‘Striking back against rabies’ (1950) and ‘Rabies control in the community’ (1956) – as well as the essays on film production in the CDC Bulletin, this article demonstrates how images of zoonotic disease operated as an explicit form of what Neel Ahuja calls ‘the government of species’. Here, as Ahuja argues, the political possibilities for a community are navigated through the contours of interspecies contact. In these CDC films, the particularly American setting of a small town comes to represent the American population as a whole – a community that is uniformly presented as White and heterosexual – which exercises its fears of dissolution through the figure of the rabid animal. Ultimately, the article concludes that such forms of representation, where the body politic is articulated through the representation of animals as disease vectors, has become all the more prevalent and contested as governments struggle to manage changing relationships with nature. The CDC’s images from the 1950s help to position our current media environment, especially with regard to how whiteness is defined in the context of an ecological threat.
Breathing Aesthetics, Jean-Thomas Tremblay (2022)
Authors: Engelmann Sasha
Published: April 2024

Review of: Breathing Aesthetics, Jean-Thomas Tremblay (2022)

Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 232 pp., photos, illus., notes, bibliog

ISBN 978-1-47801-886-5, p/bk, $25.95

ISBN 978-1-47801-622-9, h/bk, $118.16
MACUNAÍMA, PAPAGAIO IA, RESOLVE CRIMES EM PRAGA: rumo à visualização de padrões em narrativas de modelos de IA generativos
Authors: Schetinger Victor , Silva Dafne Reis Pedroso da , Bartolomeo Sara Di , Lima Edirlei Soares de , Meinecke Christofer , Rosa Rudolf
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a análise de resultados do projeto Macunaíma, caso aplicado de IA utilizada para a criação de roteiros e de storyboards, que une narrativa, áudio e imagens geradas automaticamente. Tecnicamente, foram utilizados modelos de IA para geração de texto (ChatGPT) e imagem (Stable Diffusion), com uma interface web que permite a interação do usuário. As dimensões de Coesão Temporal da Narrativa, Coesão Cinematográfica da cena e Coesão Gráfica foram verificadas, assim como foi criado um protótipo de visualização de dados para identificar as narrativas geradas e direções de aprimoramentos da ferramenta. Apontamos o uso de visualização de dados como crucial na análise destes modelos complexos, em especial pela quantidade de informação envolvida.
IA E FOTOJORNALISMO: DESAFIOS DE UMA RELAÇÃO DELICADA E (AINDA) EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Pucarelli Michele , Tavares Denise
Published: April 2024

Este texto foca nos desafios que a imagem produzida por Inteligência Artificial traz para o universo do Fotojornalismo. Trata-se de uma relação que se entrelaça a este tempo histórico, marcado pela circulação de imagens falsas. Estas têm provocado intenso debate público e mobilizado reações institucionais, sob o argumento de contribuírem para a corrosão da democracia. Corrosão que atinge, por outro viés, a credibilidade do fotojornalismo, sustentada, historicamente, por seu vínculo com o referente, algo que a IA rompe. Essa e ouras tensões são abordadas no artigo, estruturado em diálogo com pesquisadores e profissionais da imagem fotográfica.
ROTEIROS COMO PROMPTS: UMA EXPLORAÇÃO DE PRÉ-VISUALIZAÇÃO DE CENAS DE TITANIC COM FERRAMENTAS DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Barros Taís de , Tietzmann Roberto
Published: April 2024

Este texto questiona como Plataformas de Inteligência Artificial Generativa (IAGs) podem colaborar com a pré-visualização de cenas, parte do processo de criação de uma obra audiovisual. Para isto, selecionamos uma cena do roteiro do filme Titanic (1997) como fonte dos comandos para a geração de imagens. Utilizamos uma metodologia exploratória, revisamos a literatura compilando conceitos básicos sobre Inteligência Artificial Generativa, testamos as plataformas Stable Diffusion, Bing Image Creator e Genmo.AI e comparamos as imagens geradas com os segmentos do filme original e discutimos suas aproximações e diferenças. Como resultados, destacamos que as ferramentas forneceram resultados consistentes com os segmentos de roteiro, embora nem sempre alinhadas com o que o filme apresentou, o que indica um processo de tomada de decisões pelas IAGs, o que as coloca como ferramentas relevantes para a pré-visualização de um roteiro, embora não abstraiam a presença humana na criação das cenas.
Fókuszban a V4
Authors: Vida Cecília
Published: April 2024

Alábbiakban közöljük a V4 országcsoport létrejöttét deklaráló nyilatkozatot, majd néhány statisztikai adatot a V4 országokról. Az adatok forrása minden esetben az Eurostat.
Kína digitális gazdasága globális viszonylatban és a mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazása a társadalom-menedzsment területén
Authors: Tósoki Samu
Published: April 2024

Jelen tanulmány az ipari forradalmakban megjelenő új termelési folyamatok jelentette foglalkoztatottsági kihívásokat és Keynes 15 óráig csökkenő munkaidőről alkotott koncepcióját bemutatva járja körül az új technológiák gazdaságban megjelenő társadalmi kihívásait, majd összeveti azt Autor (2015) kilátásaival. A technológiával kapcsolatos társadalmi alkalmazkodóképességet bemutatva azt állítja, hogy globális szinten a társadalom elmarad a technológia diktálta ütemtől. A szöveg második részében kiemeli Kínát, mint az egyik olyan meghatározó gazdaságpolitikai kísérletet, ahol a szerzők szerint a társadalmi alkalmazkodóképesség hatékonyabban tartja az ütemet a technológia gyorsulásával mint más országokban. A vállalati irányításon belüli pártállami kötöttség Kínában képes volt olyan gazdaságirányítási kultúrát létrehozni, ami reziliens a belső vállalati válságokra, továbbá rugalmas az exogén kihívásokkal szemben is (Heilmann & Perry, 2011). A dolgozat egyik fő állítása, hogy ez az adaptivitási kapacitás az egyik olyan kulcseleme a kínai gazdaságnak, ami alkalmas volt fenntartani egy szocialista jelleget viselő gazdasági berendezkedést azután is, hogy a hasonló ideológiai berendezkedésű országok a 20. század végére kudarcot vallottak. Kína autonóm technológiai politikával képes volt olyan magas hozzáadott értékű termelési kapacitások kiépítésére, amelyek a globális ellátási láncokban elfoglalt helyét megemelték, illetve domináns pozíciókat szerzett regionális szinten valamint a fejlődő országok hálózatában.
A hadsereg és a háború az amerikai intézményi gazdaságtan szemszögéből – 2. rész
Authors: Csontos Tamás
Published: April 2024

A II. világháború és a hadi-ipari komplexum Korábbi írásunkban célként tűztük ki a klasszikusok újraértelmezését, hogy napjaink hadiiparral kapcsolatos vitáiba régi-új politikai gazdaságtani nézőpontokat tudjunk integrálni. Jelen cikkben ezt folytatjuk tovább és ismertetjük az amerikai intézményi gazdaságtani iskola további fontos nézeteit a hadseregről és a háborúról.
National medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2023: review
Authors: Sukhikh G. T. , Prilepskaya V. G. , Aganezova N. V. , Andreeva E. N. , Baranov I. I. , Dolgushina N. V. , Zarochentseva N. V. , Karakhalis L. Yu. , Katkova N. Yu. , Kepsha M. A. , Mezhevitinova E. A. , Nazarenko E. G. , Nazarova N. M. , Podzolkova N. M. , Smetnik A. A. , Tapilskaya N. I. , Uvarova E. V. , Hamoshina M. B. , Chernukha G. E. , Yakushevskaya O. V. , Dzhenina O. V. , Yarmolinskaya M. I.
Published: April 2024

Individual sexual and reproductive life management has been сonfirmed by medical and state communities since 1990s. Every citizen officially received rights for access to appropriate goods and services. Such international agreements as 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo, Egypt) and 2004 WHO Reproductive health strategy, estimated reproductive health and family planning as priorities. Worldwide agreement on the 2005 summit declares achieving of female reproductive health before year 2015 as worldwide progress.

WHO created complex of international eligibility criteria for male and female contraception with the aim of medical aid improvement. According to WHO plan, those criteria should be used by countries considering policy, needs, priorities and resources of national healthcare programs. For example, USA, United Kingdom, Russia etc. have successfully adopted medical eligibility criteria for contraception on the national level.

The present review is summary product created by interdisciplinary expert group including representers of federal and regional healthcare establishments, medical universities, and international medical organizations.
Associations between carotid plaque shape, biomechanical parameters, and ischemic stroke in mild carotid stenosis with a single plaque
Authors: Zhao Man , Zhang Luni , Chen Jing , Gu Shiyao , Wu Rong , Jia Caixia
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This cross-sectional cohort-comparison observational study investigated the value of high-frame-rate vector flow (V Flow) imaging for evaluating differences in carotid plaque shape and biomechanical parameters in patients with mild stenosis according to a recent history of ipsilateral ischemic stroke.Methods: The present study included 352 patients from February 2023 to October 2023, who were categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic based on a history of recent ischemic stroke and ipsilateral ischemic lesions detected on head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. A Mindray Resona R9 system was used for B-mode ultrasonography and V Flow imaging. The upstream and downstream surfaces of the plaques were examined at the carotid bifurcation for wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and turbulence index, which performed peri-plaque biomechanical condition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations between plaque shape, V Flow parameters, and ischemic stroke.Results: Symptomatic patients exhibited higher WSS values for the upstream and downstream surfaces of carotid plaque, as well as higher OSI and turbulence index values for the downstream surface. Type Ⅲ plaques and higher WSS and OSI values for the downstream surface of the plaque were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Type Ⅲ plaques were more prevalent in symptomatic patients and demonstrated much higher WSS and OSI values for the downstream plaque surface in both groups.Conclusion: High-frame-rate V Flow imaging could assess peri-plaque biomechanical forces and may provide effective imaging biomarkers for early prediction of ischemic stroke in patients with mild stenosis.
The role of repeat kidney biopsy in patients with lupus nephritis (case report)
Authors: Nikishin N. Yu. , Aseeva E. A. , Mesnyankina A. A. , Soloviev S. K. , Stolyarevich E. S. , Zelenov V. A. , Lila A. M.
Published: April 2024

Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 35–60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often in the early stages of the disease. LN is one of the most severe manifestations of SLE and, if not treated promptly and effectively, can lead to rapid and severe loss of kidney function. Despite modern pharmacotherapy, 5–20% of patients develop end-stage renal failure within 10 years of diagnosis of LN. The main principle of LN therapy is to prevent deterioration of renal function, but a consensus on outcome assessment criteria and clinically relevant short- and long-term goals for LN therapy has not yet been reached. There is increasing evidence of the importance of repeat kidney biopsies to assess the outcomes of the initial phase of therapy and to determine the long-term prognosis of renal failure. It is believed that the information obtained from repeat biopsies can help to make optimal treatment decisions and thus increase the likelihood of achieving a complete renal response in the short term and a more favorable renal prognosis in the long term.

We describe a clinical case of a young patient with highly active SLE and morphologically confirmed class IV-S LN. Repeat biopsy and clinical and laboratory examination, had confirmed a clinical and laboratory remission of the disease on the background of the therapy. This made it possible to reduce the dose of methylpednisolone and cytostatic drugs (mycophenolate mofetil) and to discontinue therapy with biologic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug (rituximab).
FECHAMENTO DE DIASTEMAS COM LAMINADOS CERÂMICOS ASSOCIADO AO CLAREAMENTO DENTAL: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Felizardo Klissia Romero , Oliveira Elen Linares de , Holanda Isabela Cherubini de , Cogo Renato Batista , Zaze Cesar Aurélio , Ramos Nádia Buzignani Pires , Lopes Murilo Baena
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Os diastemas podem ser definidos como espaços entre os dentes ou ausência de contato entre dois ou mais dentes consecutivos, podendo acometer a arcada superior ou a inferior. As opções para o fechamento dos diastemas vão desde o tratamento ortodôntico até a utilização de laminados cerâmicos. Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de fechamento de diastemas entre os incisivos centrais e laterais, com a utilização de laminados cerâmicos, visando uma melhora na estética do sorriso. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, procurou atendimento queixando-se dos espaços entre os dentes anteriores e do tamanho reduzido dos incisivos laterais, os quais o incomodavam esteticamente. Após anamnese e exame clínico, foram realizadas fotografias intra- e extrabucais, as quais foram inseridas no programa DSD (Digital Smile Design), com o objetivo de simular a condição dental atual e prever a futura harmonização, quanto à posição/proporção ideal dos incisivos centrais, laterais e pré-molares em relação à face. Foi realizado clareamento vital das arcadas superior e inferior, seguido do fechamento dos diastemas com laminados de cerâmica vítrea reforçadas de dissilicato de lítio. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a indicação e confecção dos laminados cerâmicos proporcionaram excelentes resultados estéticos e funcionais ao paciente.
A novel mouse model carrying a gene trap insertion into the Hmgxb4 gene locus to examine Hmgxb4 expression in vivo
Authors: Wang Liang , He Xiangqin , Hu Guoqing , Liu Jinhua , Kang Xiuhua , Yu Luyi , Dong Kunzhe , Zhao Juanjuan , Zhang Aizhen , Zhang Wei , Brands Michael W. , Su Huabo , Zheng Zeqi , Zhou Jiliang
Published: April 2024

HMG (high mobility group) proteins are a diverse family of nonhistone chromosomal proteins that interact with DNA and a wide range of transcriptional regulators to regulate the structural architecture of DNA. HMGXB4 (also known as HMG2L1) is an HMG protein family member that contains a single HMG box domain. Our previous studies have demonstrated that HMGXB4 suppresses smooth muscle differentiation and exacerbates endotoxemia by promoting a systemic inflammatory response in mice. However, the expression of Hmgxb4 in vivo has not fully examined. Herein, we generated a mouse model that harbors a gene trap in the form of a lacZ gene insertion into the Hmgxb4 gene. This mouse enables the visualization of endogenous HMGXB4 expression in different tissues via staining for the β‐galactosidase activity of LacZ which is under the control of the endogenous Hmgxb4 gene promoter. We found that HMGXB4 is widely expressed in mouse tissues and is a nuclear protein. Furthermore, the Hmgxb4 gene trap mice exhibit normal cardiac function and blood pressure. Measurement of β‐galactosidase activity in the Hmgxb4 gene trap mice demonstrated that the arterial injury significantly induces Hmgxb4 expression. In summary, the Hmgxb4 gene trap reporter mouse described here provides a valuable tool to examine the expression level of endogenous Hmgxb4 in both physiological and pathological settings in vivo.
Marked on the voice: the visibility experiences of Russian heritage migrants following the war against Ukraine
Authors: Davydenko Sofia , Henry Alastair
Published: April 2024

Identities fundamental to the self, such as race and gender, can operate through visual markers on the body. Identities related to a person’s heritage, or nationality, can also become visible. However, when physical appearance means that a person can pass as a member of a dominant group, being identified or ‘marked’ as other takes place through language use. In migration contexts, situations where a person’s heritage or nationality is revealed can lead to experiences of vulnerability. This study investigated the experiences of five Russian-speaking women living in Sweden whose migrant backgrounds were not visibly noticeable, up until the point that interaction was initiated. Interviews were carried out in the summer of 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Data was analysed using a double hermeneutic approach. Findings revealed how, following the outbreak of the war, the fear of becoming visible increased. Fears of exposure triggered vigilant behaviours, and an experience of needing to regulate visibility. Results show how the experience of having situational control over visibility could buffer against emotional pain caused by perceptions of negative positionings, and the risk of prejudicial treatment.
Examination of quality of life and psychiatric symptoms in childhood Graves’ disease
Authors: Yazkan Akgül Gözde , Köprülü Özge
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The aim of our study is to examine the emotional, behavioral problems, and psychiatric symptoms of children diagnosed with Graves’ disease (GD), to assess their quality of life, and to compare with control group.

Methods

The research was planned as a cross-sectional study and included 16 patients with GD (13 female and three male) and 29 healthy children for control group (19 female and 10 male). Sociodemographic form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), and Affective Reactivity Index scale were applied to the children and their families.

Results

Eighty one percent of GD group (GG) (n=13, mean age 15.1 ± 2.2) and 66 % of control group (CG) (n=19, 14.6 ± 2.2) were girls. No significant difference was found between GG and CG in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores. GG had higher scores in affective reactivity index, SDQ-P total score, and T-DSM-IV-S total scores (p values 0.039; 0.009; 0.023, respectively). While no significant difference was detected in the T-DSM-IV-S-inattention and hyperactivity scores, significantly higher scores were detected in oppositional defiance and conduct disorder scores (p values 0.172; 0.294; 0.019; 0.027, respectively).

Conclusions

In children with GD, irritability, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorder symptoms have been detected. Children with these mental health symptoms experience behavioral and emotional difficulties in their daily lives. It is important to follow up children with GD for possible comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Crystal structure of benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C22H20O5
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhang Xin-Ru , Hao Duo , Gu Ye
Published: April 2024

C22H20O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.8585(3) Å, b = 16.2727(10) Å, c = 18.4886(11) Å, V = 1762.59(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0276, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0700, T = 100(2) K.
Metal-for-Amber in the European Bronze Age
Authors: Vandkilde Helle , Fischer Stephansen Clara , Suchowska-Ducke Paulina , Ahlqvist Laura , Skaaning Andersen Casper , Felding Louise , Bjørnevad-Ahlqvist Mathias , Czebreszuk Janusz , Nørgaard Heide Wrobel
Published: April 2024

Baltic amber is often considered the principal Scandinavian commodity exchanged for metal from ore-rich regions in Europe. If correct, this may explain the astonishing metal wealth of the Nordic Bronze Age and the modest social consumption of amber locally. The hypothesis of a metal-for-amber principle behind the trade is here for the first time assessed on scales from micro to macro. Amber finds were charted across Europe, and the result was then compared to evidence for regular shifts in copper ore preferences/availability, as found in the systematically changing isotopic/elemental composition of Nordic metal objects in c. 2100–1200 BC. Comparisons indicate that amber and metal followed similar spatiotemporal trajectories with major reorganizations at the turn from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age. Shifts in amber distribution correlate with the geography of metal sources used in both periods and flows of metal to Scandinavia and amber to Europe appear to be contingent even in subperiods. Major European amber tracks – and the crossroads hubs controlling them – were identified for the transfer of goods, yet again revealing major changes at the transition to the Middle Bronze Age. The social roles and meanings of amber among Nordic communities were likewise examined, suggesting that bearers of amber played a role in exercising social control of this resource. It is concluded that amber almost certainly was exchanged for metal.
Chromium sorption on synthetic and natural rock minerals with emphasis on speciation behavior and kinetic model using Cr51
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf A.
Published: April 2024

The presence of chromate in the aquatic environment poses toxicity and pollution to the environment. Therefore, the needs to establish methods to get rid of this species is a must. The effect of different natural rock minerals; pyrite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, and wurtzite as constituent parts of the Earth’s crust can play a major role in waste treatment. The properties of those minerals towards the behavior of chromium (sorption) were studied under the effect of changes of pH and contact time to treat the waste solution of toxic chromate. The total chromium species in the reaction system was determined using Cr51 as a simpler, faster and more accurate analytical tools. Concerning the effect of types of minerals, the synthetic ones, the results indicated that pyrrhotite and wurtzite were highly effective for the removal of chromate with almost 100 % sorption capacity as it was pH-independent, despite the presence of a degree of reductive ability of both minerals. While, it was 99 % at pH 8.5 and 28 % at pH 3 for pyrite and magnetite, respectively, which was pH dependent. The equilibrium adsorption capacities for chromium adsorption were 0.34 ± 0.15, 0.028 ± 0.01 and 4.27 ± 1.3 mg/g mineral for natural minerals pyrite, magnetite and synthetic one pyrhotite, respectively. However, it was found 117.7 ± 10.9 mg/g for synthetic mineral wurtzite. These results can be attributed to the redox power of oxide and sulfide minerals; magnetite and, pyrite used. For kinetic studies of chromium (VI) adsorption, non linear model approved that the reaction could be described based on pseudo-second-order kinetics in such simulated environmental heterogeneous systems.