bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of nanodelivery platform based on chitosan to improve the anticancer outcome of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Albalawi Fahad , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Fakurazi Sharida , Masarudin Mas Jaffri
Published: July 2023

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) showed promising results in drug, vaccine and gene delivery for the treatment of various diseases. The considerable attention towards CS was owning to its outstanding biological properties, however, the main challenge in the application of CS NPs was faced during their size-controlled synthesis. Herein, ionic gelation reaction between CS and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), a widely used and safe CS cross-linker for biomedical application, was exploited. The development of nanodelivery platform, namely Sorafenib-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SF–CS NPs), was constructed in order to improve SF drug delivery to human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. The NPs were artificially fabricated using an ionic gelation technique. A number of CS NPs that had been loaded with an SF were prepared using different concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). These concentrations were 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL, and they are abbreviated as SF–CS NPs 2.5, SF–CS NPs 5.0, SF–CS NPs 10, and SF–CS NPs 20 respectively. DLS, FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, TGA, and FESEM with EDX and TEM were used for the physiochemical characterisation of SF–CS NPs. Both DLS and HRTEM techniques demonstrated that smaller particles were produced when the TPP content was raised. In a PBS solution with a pH of 4.5, the SF exhibited efficient release from the nanoparticles, demonstrating that the delivery mechanism is effective for tumour cells. The cytotoxicity investigation showed that their anticancer effect against HepG2 cell lines was significantly superior than that of free SF. In addition, the nanodrug demonstrated an absence of any detectable toxicity to normal adult human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cell lines. This is a step towards developing a more effective anticancer medication delivery system with sustained-release characteristics, which will ultimately improve the way cancer is managed.
Plasma proteome of growing tumors
Authors: Gupta Shashi , Westacott Matthew J. , Ayers Deborah G. , Weiss Sophie J. , Whitley Penn , Mueller Christopher , Weaver Daniel C. , Schneider Daniel J. , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Hunter Lawrence E. , Drolet Daniel W. , Janjic Nebojsa
Published: July 2023

Early detection of cancer is vital for the best chance of successful treatment, but half of all cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A simple and reliable blood screening test applied routinely would therefore address a major unmet medical need. To gain insight into the value of protein biomarkers in early detection and stratification of cancer we determined the time course of changes in the plasma proteome of mice carrying transplanted human lung, breast, colon, or ovarian tumors. For protein measurements we used an aptamer-based assay which simultaneously measures ~ 5000 proteins. Along with tumor lineage-specific biomarkers, we also found 15 markers shared among all cancer types that included the energy metabolism enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phophate isomerase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase as well as several important biomarkers for maintaining protein, lipid, nucleotide, or carbohydrate balance such as tryptophanyl t-RNA synthetase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Using significantly altered proteins in the tumor bearing mice, we developed models to stratify tumor types and to estimate the minimum detectable tumor volume. Finally, we identified significantly enriched common and unique biological pathways among the eight tumor cell lines tested.
Experimental error analysis of biomechanical phenotyping for stalk lodging resistance in maize
Authors: DeKold Joseph , Robertson Daniel
Published: July 2023

Stalk lodging destroys between 5 and 25% of grain crops annually. Developing crop varieties with improved lodging resistance will reduce the yield gap. Field-phenotyping equipment is critical to develop lodging resistant crop varieties, but current equipment is hindered by measurement error. Relatively little research has been done to identify and rectify sources of measurement error in biomechanical phenotyping platforms. This study specifically investigated sources of error in bending stiffness and bending strength measurements of maize stalks acquired using an in-field phenotyping platform known as the DARLING. Three specific sources of error in bending stiffness and bending strength measurements were evaluated: horizontal device placement, vertical device placement and incorrect recordings of load cell height. Incorrect load cell heights introduced errors as large as 130% in bending stiffness and 50% in bending strength. Results indicated that errors on the order of 15–25% in bending stiffness and 1–10% in bending strength are common in field-based measurements. Improving the design of phenotyping devices and associated operating procedures can mitigate this error. Reducing measurement error in field-phenotyping equipment is crucial for advancing the development of improved, lodging-resistant crop varieties. Findings have important implications for reducing the yield gap.
Whole genome sequencing reveals signals of adaptive admixture in Creole cattle
Authors: Ben-Jemaa Slim , Adam Gabriele , Boussaha Mekki , Bardou Philippe , Klopp Christophe , Mandonnet Nathalie , Naves Michel
Published: July 2023

The Creole cattle from Guadeloupe (GUA) are well adapted to the tropical environment. Its admixed genome likely played an important role in such adaptation. Here, we sought to detect genomic signatures of selection in the GUA genome. For this purpose, we sequenced 23 GUA individuals and combined our data with sequenced genomes of 99 animals representative of European, African and indicine groups. We detect 17,228,983 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GUA genome, providing the most detailed exploration, to date, of patterns of genetic variation in this breed. We confirm the higher level of African and indicine ancestries, compared to the European ancestry and we highlight the African origin of indicine ancestry in the GUA genome. We identify five strong candidate regions showing an excess of indicine ancestry and consistently supported across the different detection methods. These regions encompass genes with adaptive roles in relation to immunity, thermotolerance and physical activity. We confirmed a previously identified horn-related gene, RXFP2, as a gene under strong selective pressure in the GUA population likely owing to human-driven (socio-cultural) pressure. Findings from this study provide insight into the genetic mechanisms associated with resilience traits in livestock.
Effects of bacteriophage on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broilers
Authors: Sarrami Zahra , Sedghi Mohammad , Mohammadi Ishmael , Bedford Mike , Miranzadeh Hadi , Ghasemi Razie
Published: July 2023

Bacteriophages (BP) are viruses that can infect bacteria. The present study evaluated the effect of BP on Salmonella infected broilers. A number of 150 day-old broilers were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments that included: (1) basal diet from day 0 to 28; (2) basal diet + 0.3 g/kg of colistin from day 0 to 28; (3) basal diet from day 1 to 13, and basal diet + 0.4 g/kg of colistin from day 14 to 28; (4) basal diet + 1 g/kg of BP from day 0 to 28; (5) basal diet + 1.5 g/kg of BP from day 0 to 28. On day 13, 15 chickens from each treatment were challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), while fifteen from each treatment were not; instead, they were kept in the same cage with the challenged chickens (exposed chickens). At 7 and 14 days post-challenge, the number of SE and coliform bacteria in the cecum and liver of colistin and BP-fed birds was lower than the control treatment. In exposed and challenged chickens, the height and surface area of villus were greater in the BP and colistin-supplemented groups. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were greater, while serum albumin and triglycerides concentrations were lower in the control treatment. The liver of the challenged chickens had more pathological lesions than exposed birds. BP significantly decreased PPARγ gene expression in exposed chickens. In the challenged and exposed chickens, TLR4 gene expression was lower in BP and colistin-treated birds as compared to the control. In conclusion, adding BP to the diet from the day of age prevents the spread of Salmonella.
Management of metabolic syndrome by nutraceuticals prepared from chitosan and ferulic acid with or without beta-sitosterol and their nanoforms
Authors: Al-Okbi Sahar Y. , Ali Ola , Aly A. S. , Refaat D. , Esmail Reham S. H. , Elbakry Hagar F. H.
Published: July 2023

Dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis and insulin resistance are among the components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Nutraceuticals containing chitosan, beta-sitosterol and/or ferulic acid and their nanostructures could have a potential role for management of MS. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the aforementioned nutraceuticals in treatment of MS in rat and their interaction with atorvastatin, a hypolipidemic drug. The two nutraceuticals and their nanostructures were prepared and the nanostructures were assessed by transmission electron microscope and Fourier-Transform Infra-red Spectrometry. MS was induced in rats by feeding high fructose-high fat diet (HFFD). Different groups of rats fed HFFD and treated with the different nutraceuticals, atorvastatin and atorvastatin in combination with different nutraceuticals, control fed on balanced diet and control consumed HFFD without treatments were run. Plasma glucose, lipid profile, aminotransferases activity, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were assessed along with calculation of insulin resistance. Liver fat and histopathology were investigated. All nutraceuticals in original and nanostructures showed beneficial effects in the treatment of MS, superiority was ascribed to nutraceuticals composed of chitosan and ferulic acid in both forms. A more promising treatment of MS belonged to atorvastatin administered with the different nutraceuticals.
Numerical assessment of optoelectrical properties of ZnSe–CdSe solar cell-based with ZnO antireflection coating layer
Authors: Parajuli D. , KC Devendra , Khattri Khim B. , Adhikari Dipak Raj , Gaib Raid Anam , Shah Deb Kumar
Published: July 2023

In this work, a numerical assessment of the optoelectrical properties of the ZnO–ZnSe–CdSe heterojunction for a thin and cost-effective solar cell was made by using the PC1D simulation software. The photovoltaic (PV) properties have been optimized by varying thicknesses of the absorber layer of the p-CdSe layer, the window layer of n-ZnSe, and the antireflection coating (ARC) layer of ZnO, a transparent conductive oxide with enhanced light trapping, and wide bandgap engineering. There is a positive conduction band offset (CBO) of ΔEc = 0.25 eV and a negative valence band offset (VBO) of ΔEv = 1.2 − 2.16 =  − 0.96 eV. The positive CBO prevents the flow of electrons from the CdSe to the ZnSe layer. Further, the impact of doping concentration on the performance of solar cells has been analyzed. The simulation results reveal the increase in the efficiency of solar cells by adding an ARC. The rapid and sharp increase in the efficiency with the thickness of the window layer beyond 80 nm is interesting, unusual, and unconventional due to the combined effect of morphology and electronics on a macro-to-micro scale. The thin-film solar cell with the structure of ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe exhibited a high efficiency of 11.98% with short-circuit current (Isc) = 1.72 A, open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.81 V and fill factor (FF) = 90.8% at an optimized thickness of 2 μm absorber layer, 50 nm window layer, and 78 nm ARC layer. The EQE of solar cells has been observed at about 90% at a particular wavelength at 470 nm (visible light range). Around 12% of efficiency from such a thin-layered solar cell is highly applicable.
Effect of chemical and biological additives on production of biogas from coffee pulp silage
Authors: Getachew Mengizam Tsegaye , Hiruy Andualem Mekonnen , Mazharuddin Majid Mohiuddin , Mamo Tadios Tesfaye , Feseha Temesgen Aragaw , Mekonnen Yedilfana Setarge
Published: July 2023

Energy is the foundation of the global economy and is essential to human survival. Nevertheless, more than 60% of it comes from fossil fuels. That is not a replenished and scarce source. However, a sizable amount of organic waste is generated every minute throughout the world and can be used as a raw material to produce renewable energy. Among them, Coffee processing generates a huge amount of solid and liquid waste that is organic and can serve as raw material for biofuel production. Since coffee beans and powder are Ethiopia’s main exports, coffee pulp is easily accessible. Therefore, the main goal of this project is to convert this waste, which largely consists of organic materials, into a valuable product called Methane. The purity and yield of methane productivity are significantly influenced by the type of additives we use. This work systematically investigates the effect of chemical and biological additives on the productivity and purity of the Biogas from the coffee pulp silage in batch systems under mesophilic temperature (38 °C) for different ensiling periods and additive proportions. The chemical additives recorded the maximum biogas production (2980 ml) at an ensiling period of 40 days with high purity of about 70% biogas. The minimum Biogas was recorded at the ensiling period of 10 days by the control (T1) treatments, which was 634 ml. This work proves that biological additives produced the highest quality and quantity of Biogas from coffee silage.
Identification and expression pattern of aluminium-responsive genes in roots of rice genotype with reference to Al-sensitivity
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bijoya , Ali Akib , Tuteja Narendra , Gill Sarvajeet , Pattanayak Arunava
Published: July 2023

Aluminium (Al) is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Globally, acidic soil occupies 30–40% of ice-free land areas; Al toxicity is a major threat to crops. The first symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth followed by poor root hair development, swollen root apices, necrosis of leaves and reduced yield. Although Rice (Oryza sativa) is an Al toxicity tolerant crop, it shows considerable variations among rice genotypes to Al exposure. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand Al toxicity and underlying mechanisms for Al tolerance in Rice. In the present study, 63 rice genotypes screened under Al stress showed significant variations of root growth. Expression stability of endogenous control genes (ECGs) revealed sulphite reductase (SR) as the most stable ECG that can be used as a reference gene for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression patterns of Al-responsive genes suggest genes associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and ion transporter could play significant roles in Al adaptation and tolerance in rice. The results showed Motodhan, Vietnam-1, Yimyu and N-861 as Al-toxicity tolerant, while Lespah, RCPL-13, VL-31329, and UPR2919-141-1 as most Al-sensitive genotypes among the studied rice lines cultivated in North-East India.
Using a discrete choice experiment to elicit patients’ preferences and willingness-to-pay for knee osteoarthritis treatments in Thailand
Authors: Luksameesate Parnnaphat , Tanavalee Aree , Ngorsuraches Surachat , Taychakhoonavudh Suthira
Published: July 2023

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease among elderly patients around the world. In response to the need for patient-centered care, patients’ and physicians’ preferences for knee osteoarthritis treatments have been studied in multiple countries, but not in Thailand. The objective of this study was to investigate Thai patients’ preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for knee osteoarthritis treatments by using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Six knee osteoarthritis treatment attributes, including pain relief, delayed disease progression, gastrointestinal side effects, kidney side effects, cardiovascular side effects, and cost, were used to develop a paper-based, DCE questionnaire survey. Patients with knee osteoarthritis, who were at least 18 years old and who provided written informed consent, were recruited from the orthopedic department in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand via convenience sampling. The conditional logit model was used to determine patients’ preferences and WTP. The Institutional Review Board at Chulalongkorn University approved this study before it started. A total of 232 patients were collected and analyzed in this study. Patients preferred treatments with a higher efficacy (pain relief and delayed disease progression), a lower probability of side effects (gastrointestinal, kidney, and cardiovascular side effects), and a lower cost. Regarding efficacy and side effects, the patients weighted the importance of a 1% change in cardiovascular side effects (− 0.08) more heavily than 1% changes in kidney (− 0.07) and gastrointestinal (− 0.02) side effects, delayed disease progression (0.02), and pain relief (0.01). Patients were willing to pay 29.56 Thai Baht (THB) and 41.84 THB per month for every 1% increase in pain relief and delayed disease progression, respectively. Conversely, patients were willing to pay 52.04 THB, 145.18 THB and 164.23 THB per month for every 1% decrease in gastrointestinal, kidney, and cardiovascular side effects, respectively. In conclusion, pain relief, delayed disease progression, gastrointestinal side effects, kidney side effects, cardiovascular side effects, and the cost of treatment were significant factors among patients undergoing knee osteoarthritis treatment. Additionally, patients had a higher WTP for delayed disease progression than pain relief and a higher WTP for a reduced probability of cardiovascular side effects than gastrointestinal and kidney side effects. These findings could be used to support treatment decisions for knee osteoarthritis patients in Thailand.
microRNA sequencing for biomarker detection in the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Larrabeiti-Etxebarria Ane , Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga Nerea , Arzuaga-Mendez Javier , Martin-Arruti Maialen , Cozzuto Luca , Gaafar Ayman , Ruiz-Diaz Irune , Guerra Isabel , Martin-Guerrero Idoia , Lopez-Lopez Elixabet , Gutierrez-Camino Angela
Published: July 2023

Despite being considered a single disease, Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) presents with variable backgrounds, which results in heterogeneous outcomes among patients, with 40% of them still having primary refractory disease or relapse. Thus, novel biomarkers are needed. In addition, multiple factors regarding its pathogenesis remain unclear. In this context, recent investigations point to the relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer. However, regarding DLBCL, there is inconsistency in the data reported. Therefore, in this work, the main goals were to determine a miRNA set with utility as biomarkers for DLBCL diagnosis, classification, prognosis and treatment response, as well as to decipher the mechanism of action of deregulated miRNAs in the origin of the disease. We analyzed miRNA expression in a cohort of 78 DLBCL patients and 17 controls using small RNA sequencing and performed a miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis. This way, we were able to define new miRNA expression signatures for diagnosis, classification, treatment response and prognosis, and we identified plausible mechanisms of action by which deregulated miRNAs could be involved in DLBCL pathogenesis. In summary, our study remarks that miRNAs could play an important role in DLBCL.
Functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2
Authors: Thaweesapphithak Sermporn , Theerapanon Thanakorn , Rattanapornsompong Khanti , Intarak Narin , Kanpittaya Pimsiri , Trachoo Vorapat , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Shotelersuk Vorasuk
Published: July 2023

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, affecting bone and teeth development. Previous studies focused on mutations in the RUNX2 RHD domain, with limited investigation of mutations in the C-terminal domain. This study aimed to investigate the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Eight mutations were analyzed, and their effects on transactivation activity, protein expression, subcellular localization, and osteogenic potential were studied. Truncating mutations in the PST region and a missense mutation in the NMTS region resulted in increased transactivation activity, while missense mutations in the PST showed activity comparable to the control. Truncating mutations produced truncated proteins, while missense mutations produced normal-sized proteins. Mutant proteins were mislocalized, with six mutant proteins detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. CCD patient bone cells exhibited mislocalization of RUNX2, similar to the generated mutant. Mislocalization of RUNX2 and reduced expression of downstream genes were observed in MSCs from a CCD patient with the p.Ser247Valfs*3 mutation, leading to compromised osteogenic potential. This study provides insight into the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2, including reduced expression, mislocalization, and aberrant transactivation of downstream genes, contributing to the compromised osteogenic potential observed in CCD.
Dietary polyphenols drive dose-dependent behavioral and molecular alterations to repeated morphine
Authors: Osman Aya , Hofford Rebecca S. , Meckel Katherine R. , Dave Yesha A. , Zeldin Sharon M. , Shipman Ava L. , Lucerne Kelsey E. , Trageser Kyle J. , Oguchi Tatsunori , Kiraly Drew D.
Published: July 2023

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is associated with tremendous morbidity and mortality. Despite this burden, current pharmacotherapies for OUD are ineffective or intolerable for many patients. As such, interventions aimed at promoting resilience against OUD are of immense clinical interest. Treatment with a Bioactive Dietary Polyphenol Preparation (BDPP) promotes resilience and adaptive neuroplasticity in multiple models of neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we assessed effects of BDPP treatment on behavioral and molecular responses to repeated morphine treatment in male mice. BDPP pre-treatment alters responses for both locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. Most notably, polyphenol treatment consistently reduced formation of preference at low dose (5 mg/kg) morphine but enhanced it at high dose (15 mg/kg). In parallel, we performed transcriptomic profiling of the nucleus accumbens, which again showed a dose × polyphenol interaction. We also profiled microbiome composition and function, as polyphenols are metabolized by the microbiome and can act as prebiotics. The profile revealed polyphenol treatment markedly altered microbiome composition and function. Finally, we investigated involvement of the SIRT1 deacetylase, and the role of polyphenol metabolites in behavioral responses. These results demonstrate polyphenols have robust dose-dependent effects on behavioral and physiological responses to morphine and lay the foundation for future translational work.
Study of drug resistance-associated genetic mutations, and phylo-genetic analysis of HCV in the Province of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Faiz Sirmast , Irfan Muhammad , Farooq Saba , Khan Ishtiaq Ahmad , Iqbal Hana’a , Wahab Atia-tul , Shakeel Muhammad , Gong Peng , Iftner Thomas , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: July 2023

Current management of HCV infection is based on Direct-Acting Antiviral Drugs (DAAs). However, resistance-associated mutations, especially in the NS3 and NS5B regions are gradually decreasing the efficacy of DAAs. The aim of the current study was to identify such mutations in the NS3, and NS5B genes in DAAs treatment-naïve Pakistani chronic HCV 3a patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 233 chronic HCV 3a patients at different tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, between August 2020 to September 2021. PCR-amplified target regions of the NS3/NS5B gene were subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify resistance-associated mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified amino acid sequences was performed using HCV3a sequences of the global population in the virus pathogen resource (VIPR) database. Sequence analysis identified five amino acid mutations, Leu36Pro, Gln41His, Gln80Lys/Arg, Ala156Tyr, and Gln168Arg in the NS3 region, and two mutations Leu159Phe and Cys316Arg in the NS5B region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high genetic diversity in the studied isolates. Overall, the prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions was almost similar to other geographic regions worldwide. This data could be helpful in selecting the most effective treatment regimen for HCV chronically infected people in Pakistan.
Fusing the 3’UTR of seed storage protein genes leads to massive recombinant protein accumulation in seeds
Authors: Kanai Masatake , Sugiyama Masaya , Kondo Maki , Yamada Kenji , Nishimura Mikio , Mano Shoji
Published: July 2023

The demand for recombinant proteins is rising dramatically, and effective production systems are currently being developed. The production of recombinant proteins in plants is a promising approach due to its low cost and low risk of contamination of the proteins with endotoxins or infectious agents from the culture serum. Plant seeds primarily accumulate seed storage proteins (SSPs), which are transcribed and translated from a few genes; therefore, the mechanism underlying SSP accumulation has been studied to help devise ways to increase recombinant protein production. We found that the 3’UTR of SSP genes are essential for SSP accumulation and can be used in the production of recombinant proteins inArabidopsis. Fusion of the 3’UTR of SSP genes to the 3’ ends of DNA sequences encoding recombinant proteins enables massive accumulation of recombinant proteins with enzymatic activity inArabidopsisseeds. This method is also applicable to the production of human Interferon Lambda-3 (IFN-lambda 3), a candidate biopharmaceutical compound against hepatitis C infection. Considering the low cost and ease of protein production inArabidopsis, as well as the rapid growth of this plant, our method is useful for large-scale preparation of recombinant proteins for both academic research and biopharmaceutical production.
Association between enhanced carbonyl stress and decreased apparent axonal density in schizophrenia by multimodal white matter imaging
Authors: Son Shuraku , Arai Makoto , Toriumi Kazuya , Andica Christina , Matsuyoshi Daisuke , Kamagata Koji , Aoki Shigeki , Kawashima Takahiko , Kochiyama Takanori , Okada Tomohisa , Fushimi Yasutaka , Nakamoto Yuji , Kobayashi Yuko , Murai Toshiya , Itokawa Masanari , Miyata Jun
Published: July 2023

Carbonyl stress is a condition featuring increased rich reactive carbonyl compounds, which facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products including pentosidine. We previously reported the relationship between enhanced carbonyl stress and disrupted white matter integrity in schizophrenia, although which microstructural component is disrupted remained unclear. In this study, 32 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (HC) were recruited. We obtained blood samples for carbonyl stress markers (plasma pentosidine and serum pyridoxal) and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging measures of white matter microstructures including apparent axonal density (intra-cellular volume fraction (ICVF)) and orientation (orientation dispersion index (ODI)), and inflammation (free water (FW)). In SCZ, the plasma pentosidine level was significantly increased. Group comparison revealed that mean white matter values were decreased for ICVF, and increased for FW. We found a significant negative correlation between the plasma pentosidine level and mean ICVF values in SCZ, and a significant negative correlation between the serum pyridoxal level and mean ODI value in HC, regardless of age. Our results suggest an association between enhanced carbonyl stress and axonal abnormality in SCZ.
Development and validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to evaluate dry eye disease in rat tear fluids
Authors: Compagnone Agnese , Matheeussen An , De Vooght Linda , Cos Paul
Published: July 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) is a challenge in ophthalmology. Rat models represent valuable tools to study the pathophysiology and to develop novel treatments. A major challenge in DED research is detecting multiple biomarkers in a low tear volume sample. Multiplex immunoassays for DED rat research are missing. We have developed a multiplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) to detect three biomarkers for DED: MMP-9, IL-17 and ICAM-1. Tears, used as matrix, were collected from six healthy Wistar rats. Assays were run based on the U-Plex Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD) platform, by two independent operators according to the EMA guideline on bioanalytical method validation. Linear mixed, regression models were fit to perform the statistical analysis on the range of concentrations for the chosen analytes. During optimization, it has observed that incubation time, temperature and agitation affected the robustness of the protocol. ECLIA optimum conditions include the use of antibodies at 0.5 µg/ml concentration and 1 h incubation at room temperature with shaking. Precision met the acceptance criteria in the chosen range: 1062–133 pg/ml for ICAM-1, 275–34.4 pg/ml for IL-17, 1750–219 pg/ml for MMP-9. Accuracy and linearity were acceptable for a broader range. This is the first report of a validated ECLIA that allows measurements of three relevant DED biomarkers in rat tear fluids.
Research on the air supply adjustment technology of breath-following powered air-purifying respirators
Authors: Teng Guangping , Shi Guoqing , Zhu Jintuo , Zhao Caijun
Published: July 2023

In the hope of reducing the air supply flow of the powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and extending the service life of the filter, a breath-following powered air-purifying respirator (BF-PAPR) that can dynamically adjust the air supply flow according to the breathing flow is proposed. The BF-PAPR changes the air supply flow by adjusting the speed of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan according to the air velocity at the half mask outlet (vhm) monitored by the modular wind speed transmitter. In the study, the air supply flow adjustment model of the BF-PAPR is developed. It is found that the filtration resistance barely influences vhm. In addition, under the same mean inhalation flow, the minimum outlet air velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of the duty cycle variation coefficient (λ), while the maximum outlet air velocity decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the minimum air supply flow of the BF-PAPR is achieved when the standard value of the air velocity is 13.4 m/s and the value of λ is 1. The BF-PAPR can reduce the air supply flow by 6.5%-8.6% and the energy consumption by approximately 20% compared with the PAPR, which is beneficial for reducing the usage cost and extending the continuous working time.
A frequent ice-free Arctic is likely to occur before the mid-21st century
Authors: Shen Zili , Zhou Wen , Li Jinxiao , Chan Johnny C. L.
Published: July 2023

Although the trend of sea-ice extent under global warming has been studied extensively in recent years, most climate models have failed to capture the recent rapid change in the Arctic environment, which has brought into question the reliability of climate model projections of sea ice and suggested a potential shift in Arctic climate dynamics. Here, based on the results of a time-variant emergent constraint method with a weighting scheme, we show that an ice-free Arctic might occur earlier (by at least 5 ~ 10 years) than previously estimated. In other words, Arctic ice will likely disappear before the 2050 s. The observationally constrained date for an ice-free Arctic in September under fossil-fuel-based development (i.e., Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 5–8.5) scenarios yields a central estimate of 2050–2054 with a 66% confidence range (equivalent to the IPCC’s ‘likely’ range) of 2037–2066, while an ice-free Arctic will likely occur for another 20 years and 11 years under ambitious mitigation scenarios (i.e., SSP2-4.5) and SSP3-7.0. An ice-free Arctic is unlikely to occur under the sustainable development scenario (i.e., SSP1-2.6). Looking forward, this time-variant emergent constraint may also help detect tipping points in the climate system. Our findings provide useful information to help policy makers cope with climate change.
Extraction and determination of aflatoxin B1 in cereal samples using pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents followed by HPLC-FL analysis
Authors: Ameen Fuad , Al-Masri Abeer A.
Published: July 2023

A liquid-phase microextraction procedure based on pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents and HPLC-FL analysis. The method was used for the quantitative study of aflatoxin B1 in eight widely consumed cereal samples.
Injectable hydrogels for the delivery of nanomaterials for cancer combinatorial photothermal therapy
Authors: Lima-Sousa Rita , Alves Cátia G. , Melo Bruna L. , Costa Francisco J. P. , Nave Micaela , Moreira André F. , Mendonça António G. , Correia Ilídio J. , de Melo-Diogo Duarte
Published: July 2023

Injectable hydrogels intended for cancer combinatorial-photothermal therapy bring forward the possibility of attaining multifunctional systems for an improved and selective treatment for this disease.
Palladium particles dispersed on hollow structural support improve CO2conversion
Authors: Changsong Shi , Xu Ruiming , Suo Ting , Yun Ruirui
Published: July 2023

Herein, an effective Pd/NHS catalyst has been designed and facilely synthesized with extraordinary CO2fixation performance, which is superior to that of Pd/NS catalysts, owing to the hollow structures facilitating mass transfer and product release.
FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative amidation of benzylic C–H bonds enabled by a photogenerated chlorine-radical
Authors: Yang Yingying , Yu Xianglin , He Na , Huang Xinxiang , Song Xizhong , Chen Jingbo , Lin Jun , Jin Yi
Published: July 2023

Iron-catalyzed benzylic C–H oxidative amidation reactions via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) for the construction of amide and quinazolinone derivatives.
Multi-aspect simulation insight on thermolysis mechanism and interaction of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives: a new conception of the mixed explosive model
Authors: Yuan Xiaofeng , Huang Ying , Zhang Shuhai , Gou Ruijun , Zhu Shuangfei , Guo Qianjin
Published: July 2023

Study on thermolysis and interaction of NTO/HMX: innovation of a mixed explosive model.
Possible handle for broadening the catalysis regime towards low temperatures: proof of concept and mechanistic studies with CO oxidation on surface modified Pd–TiO2
Authors: Mhamane Nitin B. , Panchal Suresh , Kolekar Sadhu K. , Ranjan Ravi , Salgaonkar Kranti N. , Burange Anand S. , Nalajala Naresh , Datar Suwarna , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: July 2023

How to favourably influence the catalytic activity by modifying the surface electronic properties in a subtle manner has been demonstrated with Pd–TiO2 catalysts for CO oxidation. Additionally, structure dependence of catalytic activity has also been shown.
Transverse magneto-optical behavior of nanoporous ferromagnetic film based on anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum template and its sensing application
Authors: Du Guoqiang , Zheng Pingping , Liu Na , Liu Zhifeng , Zhang Lin , Zhang Weiwei
Published: July 2023

Ferromagnetic CoFeB film/AAO/Al nanoporous strucutre and its considerable regulation of TMOKE and reflectance.
An immiscible phase-separation electrolyte and interface ion transfer electrochemistry enable zinc/lithium hybrid batteries with a 3.5 V-class operating voltage
Authors: Chen Ao , Zhang Yaqin , Li Qing , Liang Guojing , Yang Shuo , Huang Zhaodong , Yang Qi , Hu Hong , Li Xinliang , Chen Ze , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: July 2023

Zinc/lithium hybrid batteries with a phase-separation electrolyte achieve high average operating voltages of over 3 V.
Selective tandem electroreduction of nitrate to nitrogen via copper–cobalt based bimetallic hollow nanobox catalysts
Authors: Wu Ruoqing , Yan Tingting , Zhang Kai , Wang Zhenlin , Duan Haiyan , Yi Qiuying , Cheng Danhong , Zhang Dengsong
Published: July 2023

The hollow Cu–Co HNB catalyst selectively reduces NO3− to N2 by tandem catalysis in a chlorine-free system.
Quality improvement of agar through desulfation with microorganisms
Authors: Song Yang , Wu Meixian , Liu Zhen , Yu Mengjiao , Secundo Francesco , Mao Xiangzhao
Published: July 2023

Microorganisms were for the first time used for agar desulfation, taking advantage of the sulfur demand of microorganisms themselves.
Discovery of benzoxazole–thiazolidinone hybrids as promising antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species
Authors: Cheerala Vijay Sai Krishna , Akhir Abdul , Saxena Deepanshi , Maitra Rahul , Chopra Sidharth , Neelakantan Sundaresan Chittor
Published: July 2023

Increase in activity of B–T hybrids with halo-salicyl group on thiazolidinone against S. aureus ATCC 29213.
Ring-opening copolymerization of hydroxyproline-derived thiolactones and lipoic acid derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lu Hua
Published: July 2023

We copolymerized the rigid 4-hydroxyproline-derived thiolactone with flexible lipoic acid derivatives to prepare poly(thioester-co-disulfide) copolymers with tunable thermal and mechanical properties, and complete depolymerizability to recycle monomers.
Computational insights into the dual reactivity of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole: a metalloporphyrin-catalyzed click reaction and denitrogenative annulation
Authors: Ding Debo , Chen Xiahe , Su Xingxing , She Yuan-Bin , Yang Yun-Fang
Published: July 2023

The mechanism and origins of chemoselectivities of Mn- and Fe-porphyrin catalyzed click reactions and denitrogenative annulation between 1,2,3,4-tetrazole and phenylacetylene have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Solubility determination, dissolution properties and solid transformation of resmetirom (form A) in heptane and seven alcohols
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Yue , Yuan Haikuan , Tian Guangxin , Qin Xiaolan , Lou Boxuan , Liu Xijian , Zhang Lijuan , Lu Jie
Published: July 2023

The solubility of resmetirom (form A) was first systematically acquired in some solvents from 273.15 K to 333.15 K. And a high-precision quantification method was established to study the transformation process between form A and solvates.
Langmuir monolayer of lysozyme at variable subphase pH conditions: a comprehensive study on structure, morphology and hysteresis behaviour
Authors: Nath Himadri , Sarmah Raktim J. , Kundu Sarathi
Published: July 2023

Formation of a pure Langmuir monolayer of lysozyme at the air–water interface and its reversible structural modification under barrier compression and expansion irrespective of subphase pH variation between 4.0 to 9.5.
Promoting plasmonic photocatalysis with ligand-induced charge separation under interband excitation
Authors: Roche Ben , Vo Tamie , Chang Wei-Shun
Published: July 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, a capping ligand adsorbed on gold nanorods, induces electron–hole separation to prolong the hot carrier lifetime and increase the efficiency of plasmonic photocatalysis under interband excitation.
pH-Switching of the luminescent, redox, and magnetic properties in a spin crossover cobalt(ii) molecular nanomagnet
Authors: Rabelo Renato , Toma Luminita , Moliner Nicolás , Julve Miguel , Lloret Francesc , Inclán Mario , García-España Enrique , Pasán Jorge , Ruiz-García Rafael , Cano Joan
Published: July 2023

Opto- and electroactive spin crossover cobalt(ii) mononuclear complex with reversible pH-tunable single-molecule magnet, redox and luminescent behaviours through carboxyl deprotonation of a terpyridine derivative.
Curved graphene nanoribbons derived from tetrahydropyrene-based polyphenylenesviaone-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization
Authors: Obermann Sebastian , Zheng Wenhao , Melidonie Jason , Böckmann Steffen , Osella Silvio , Arisnabarreta Nicolás , Guerrero-León L. Andrés , Hennersdorf Felix , Beljonne David , Weigand Jan J. , Bonn Mischa , De Feyter Steven , Hansen Michael Ryan , Wang Hai I. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2023

We demonstrated the solution synthesis of curved pyrene-based GNRs bearing cove- and armchair-edgesviaa one-pot oxidative reaction.
“Mn-locking” effect by anionic coordination manipulation stabilizing Mn-rich phosphate cathodes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Yulun , Dai Yuhang , Xu Zhenming , He Liang , Li Zheng , Li Shihao , Chen Ruwei , Gao Xuan , Zong Wei , Guo Fei , Zhu Jiexin , Dong Haobo , Li Jianwei , Ye Chumei , Li Simin , Wu Feixiang , Zhang Zhian , He Guanjie , Lai Yanqing , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: July 2023

Our study introduced light-weight fluorine into Mn-rich cathode to trigger a “Mn-locking” effect: more robust Mn ligand framework, suppressed Mn dissolution, improved structural stability and enhanced electronic conductivity.
Compact nanopillar array with enhanced anti-accumulation of multiphase matter on transparent superhydrophobic glass
Authors: Wang Wei , Mao Zupan , Liu Ping , Deng Weilin , Gu Wancheng , Yu Xinquan , Zhang Youfa
Published: July 2023

Superhydrophobic glass fabricated by repeated dewetting methods yields a remarkable improvement in anti-accumulation properties of solar cells against multiphase contaminants.
Spin-dependent active centers in Fe–N–C oxygen reduction catalysts revealed by constant-potential density functional theory
Authors: Zheng Tao , Wang Jincheng , Xia Zhenhai , Wang Guofeng , Duan Zhiyao
Published: July 2023

Using consistent-potential DFT calculations, two stable spin states of Fe(ii)N4C10 are identified at ORR-relevant potentials. They exhibit dissimilar behavior for the adsorption of ORR intermediates and distinct ORR activity.
Optimization of a triazine-based acceptor (CN-T2T) as the electron transport layer for highly efficient near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kurniawan Ade , Lee Chih-Chien , Iskandar Johan , Liu Chih-Yi , Pal Bhola Nath , Cheng Hsin-Ming , Liu Shun-Wei , Biring Sajal
Published: July 2023

High EQE of 18.01% and radiance of 366.76 W sr−1 m−2 were achieved by simply controlling the thickness of uncommon exciplex electron acceptor 3′,3′′′,3′′′′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris(([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carbonitrile)) (CN-T2T) as alternate electron transport layer for MAPbI3 perovskite LED.
Controllable bandgap-gradient halide perovskite films via dip-coating and halide anion exchange for multispectral photodiodes with high performance
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Liu Jiaxin , Wu Xinli , Peng Yi , Han Zeyao , Zou Yousheng
Published: July 2023

Multispectral photodetectors based on one-dimensional bandgap-gradient halide perovskite films by combining dip-coating and halide anion exchange show continuously varying response cutoff band edges and a high Ion/Ioff of 104–106.
Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots with large Stokes shifts
Authors: Zhang Xueqiao , Liu Ye , Kuan Chieh-Hsi , Tang Longteng , Krueger Taylor D. , Yeasmin Sanjida , Ullah Ahasan , Fang Chong , Cheng Li-Jing
Published: July 2023

We present highly fluorescent red and green carbon dots (CDs) with remarkable Stokes shifts of 216 and 140 nm, respectively, due to the surface-state emission. Printable inks are demonstrated with CD patterns for color-conversion LEDs and display.
System value assessment method of energy storage system for multi‐services of power system considering battery degradation
Authors: Yang Yinguo , Wang Yenan , Lu Qiuyu , Ruan Guangchun , Lin Yingming , Wang Xuan , Xie Pingping , Zhong Haiwang
Published: July 2023

The energy storage system (ESS) is a promising technology to address issues caused by the large‐scale deployment of renewable energy. Deploying ESS is a business decision that requires potential revenue assessment. Current value assessment methods focus on the energy storage owner or the electricity utility. The system value of the ESS needs to be fully considered to gain a broad understanding of benefits across the whole power system. Thus, this study proposes a system value assessment method of grid‐integrated ESS to quantify the total system value‐avoided cost based on an improved DC power flow model considering transmission losses. Four typical applications (production cost saving, upgrade deferral, environmental benefit, and transmission loss saving) are chosen to represent the system value of the ESS across the whole power system. In addition, the co‐optimisation model considering the “source‐grid‐storage” coordination operation and battery capacity degradation, is proposed for peak shaving and frequency regulation based on the Chinese power market rule. The proposed method is tested in simulation and experimental studies.
A conditionally constrained compound sub‐gradient method for distributed energy coordination
Authors: Jie Xu , Sun Sizhou
Published: July 2023

A conditionally constrained compound (CCC) sub‐gradient method typically involves solutions by multi‐agents, which have important applications in distributed energy resources (DER). The proposed DER system structure model uses operating state switching to analyze the characteristics of the model transformation. The work proposes that energy storage (ES) transformation is the main factor that influences the transformation in the DER model. For solving this optimization problem, this study uses a compound sub‐gradient method that is distributed among the agents. Compared with the conventional analysis methods, a system configuration and equivalent model of distributed power is obtained using the sub‐gradient method, and the power distribution characteristics of the DER in the off‐grid state are further given. Using a time‐based representation, this method can be applied to complex distributed new energy access applications and uses an iterative compound step ladder algorithm with a specific step size for switching. The compound distributed gradient algorithm further determines the selected range of algorithm parameters. Finally, the results of the convergence rate explicitly characterize the effectiveness of the method.
Urban traffic congestion alleviation system based on millimeter wave radar and improved probabilistic neural network
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Hua , Du Mengxin , Wang Anna , Xiong Kai
Published: July 2023

The millimeter‐wave radar sensor is widely used for urban traffic surveillance because of its weather resistance and high detection accuracy. Methods such as fuzzy theory, pattern recognition, and artificial neural networks have been integrated into the research of traffic state discrimination. However, research on systematically describing the fusion of sensors and traffic state discrimination algorithms to alleviate urban road congestion is still lacking, especially based on millimeter‐wave radar. Thus, the authors propose an urban traffic congestion alleviation system framework. First, the design and deployment of the millimeter‐wave radar system, including waveforms, signal processing flow, and target tracking, are demonstrated to achieve vehicle information acquisition and output. Then, the appropriate traffic parameters are obtained by analysing traffic state influencing factors and the radar data characteristics. Finally, a traffic conditions identification algorithm combining spectral clustering and neural network algorithm is presented to realise road congestion level classification. The system is applied to real urban intersections rather than simulation or approximate real simulation. According to the current road congestion level, regulate the traffic light state to achieve road vehicle driving command. Experiments show that the proposed system can effectively reduce road congestion by 20% compared to the current fixed traffic light system.