bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet-derived growth factor-AB improves scar mechanics and vascularity after myocardial infarction
Authors: Thavapalachandran Sujitha , Grieve Stuart M. , Hume Robert D. , Le Thi Yen Loan , Raguram Kalyan , Hudson James E. , Pouliopoulos Jim , Figtree Gemma A. , Dye Rafael P. , Barry Anthony M. , Brown Paula , Lu Juntang , Coffey Sean , Kesteven Scott H. , Mills Richard J. , Rashid Fairooj N. , Taran Elena , Kovoor Pramesh , Thomas Liza , Denniss Alan Robert , Kizana Eddy , Asli Naisana S. , Xaymardan Munira , Feneley Michael P. , Graham Robert M. , Harvey Richard P. , Chong James J. H.
Published: January 2020

Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-AB improves cardiac function and survival after myocardial infarction in a porcine model.
Inhibition of lethality in endotoxin-challenged mice treated with zinc chloride
Authors: Snyder S L , Walker R I
Published: January 2020

Zinc chloride protected against lethality in mice undergoing endotoxin shock.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pandoraea pnomenusa TF-18, a Multidrug-Resistant Organism Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp.
japonica
)
Authors: Mangalea Mihnea R. , Luna Emily K. , Ziegle Janet , Chang Christine , Bosco-Lauth Angela M. , Bowen Richard A. , Leach Jan E. , Borlee Bradley R.
Published: January 2020

Pandoraea pnomenusa
strain TF-18 was isolated from the roots of rice seedlings on selective medium containing four classes of antibiotics for isolation of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. Using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology, we report here a complete genome of 5,499,432 bases, a GC content of 64.8%, and 4,849 coding sequences.
Complete Genomic Sequence of the Thermophilic and Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen
Methanothermobacter
sp. Strain KEPCO-1
Authors: Jeon Byoung Seung , Kim Hyunjin , Go Young Wook , Kim Young Gook , Joo Ji Sun , Choi Okkyoung , Sang Byoung-In
Published: January 2020

Here, we describe the complete genome of
Methanothermobacter
sp. strain KEPCO-1, a thermophilic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen that was isolated from an anaerobic digester in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The genome of KEPCO-1 shares 96.98% of its sequence with
Methanothermobacter marburgensis
strain DSM 2133 and consists of 1,741,029 bp, with 1,822 protein-coding genes, 44 noncoding RNAs, and a GC content of 48.47%. The development of this genome will facilitate future genomic studies of KEPCO-1.
GenePiper, a Graphical User Interface Tool for Microbiome Sequence Data Mining
Authors: Tong W. M. , Chan Yuki
Published: January 2020

Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is commonly performed for the assessment and comparison of microbiomes. Here, we introduce GenePiper, an open-source R Shiny application that provides an easy-to-use interface, a wide range of analytical methods, and optimized graphical outputs for offline microbiome data analyses.
Complete Coding Sequence of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Strain Fleming, Isolated from a Human Case
Authors: Burke Crystal W. , Wiley Michael R. , Beitzel Brett F. , Gardner Christina L. , Huang Yan-Jang , Piper Ashley E. , Vanlandingham Dana L. , Higgs Stephen , Palacios Gustavo , Glass Pamela J.
Published: January 2020

We sequenced the complete coding genome of the western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strain Fleming. This strain was originally isolated in 1938 from a human WEEV case.
Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection Isolates
Authors: Raghuram Vishnu , Goldberg Joanna B.
Published: January 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is the major cause of bacterial keratitis, a sight-threatening ocular infection that can occur in contact lens wearers, as well as in others. Here, we report the draft genomes of 8 different
P. aeruginosa
corneal isolates, adding to the list of publicly available corneal infection-associated
P. aeruginosa
genomes.
Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Paracoccus pantotrophus Type Strain DSM 2944
Authors: Bockwoldt Julia A. , Zimmermann Martin , Tiso Till , Blank Lars M.
Published: January 2020

Paracoccus
spp. are metabolically versatile alphaproteobacteria able to perform heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic growth. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the
Paracoccus pantotrophus
type strain DSM 2944 (ATCC 35512, LMD 82.5, GB17). The genome sequence revealed the presence of a complete
phaZ phaC phaP phaR
gene cluster related to polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two NDM-1-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated in a Clinical Setting in Albania in 2018
Authors: Tafaj Silva , Gona Floriana , Rodrigues Célia F. , Kapisyzi Perlat , Caushi Fatmir , Rossen John W. , Cirillo Daniela M.
Published: January 2020

Isolation of metallo-β-lactamase-producing, carbapenem-resistant,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains is increasingly being documented worldwide; their presence constitutes a public health threat. Here, we report draft genome sequences of two New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1-producing, multidrug-resistant,
P. aeruginosa
strains of sequence type 235 that were isolated from the surgical wound of two patients hospitalized in the same ward.
Draft Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Chickens in Central China
Authors: Cheng Yiluo , Zhang Wenting , Lu Qin , Wen Guoyuan , Luo Qingping , Shao Huabin , Zhang Tengfei
Published: January 2020

Campylobacter jejuni
is a major foodborne pathogen that plays an important role in spreading drug resistance. We report the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant
C. jejuni
isolates which contained similar mutations in the CmeR box. This will improve the understanding of
C. jejuni
antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics.
Complete Genome Sequence of Helicobacter suis Strain SNTW101c, Originally Isolated from a Patient with Nodular Gastritis
Authors: Rimbara Emiko , Suzuki Masato , Matsui Hidenori , Nakamura Masahiko , Kobayashi Hirotaka , Mori Shigetarou , Shibayama Keigo
Published: January 2020

Helicobacter suis
strain SNTW101c, which was originally obtained from a patient with nodular gastritis, has been maintained in mouse stomach because of difficulty culturing it
in vitro
. Recently, we succeeded in culturing this strain
in vitro
. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
H. suis
strain SNTW101c.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bartonella bacilliformis Strain KC584 (ATCC 35686)
Authors: Dichter Alexander A. , Schultze Tilman G. , Becker Sabrina A. , Tsukayama Pablo , Kempf Volkhard A. J.
Published: January 2020

Bartonella bacilliformis
is the biological agent of Carrion’s disease, a vector-borne, life-threatening human bartonellosis restricted to South America. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
B. bacilliformis
KC584 (ATCC 35686). Although it is commonly used as a reference strain, to date, its complete genome has not been published.
Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Cho Han Joo , Kim Kunhae , Lim Soo Hyun , Kang Dong Hyun , Kim Jong Woo
Published: January 2020

Background/aims

To describe the risk factors for the development of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection treatment for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods

We retrospectively included 162 eyes of 162 treatment-naïve patients with PCV in this study. All patients were treated with an initial series of three monthly loading doses of anti-VEGF injections, followed by further injections as required. Baseline ocular characteristics and lesion features were assessed using fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, to determine and evaluate the potential risk factors for RPE atrophy through 2 years of follow-up.

Results

RPE atrophy had developed in 17 of 162 eyes (10.5%) after 2 years of anti-VEGF treatment. Nine cases (53.0%) of RPE atrophy occurred at branching vascular networks, and eight (47.0%) developed at locations with polyp or polyp-associated pigment epithelial detachment. Among the baseline characteristics, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly thinner (192±98 vs 288±152; p=0.009) and presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits was significantly more frequent in eyes with RPE atrophy (11.8% vs 2.1%; p=0.028). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (OR 0.975; 95% CI 0.929 to 1.324; p=0.002) was identified as a significant risk factor for the development of RPE atrophy.

Conclusions

Approximately one-tenth of the patients with PCV developed RPE atrophy during the 24 months after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Subfoveal choroidal thinning at baseline is associated with increased risk of post-treatment RPE atrophy.
Prevalence of serious mental illness and mental health service use after a workplace injury: a longitudinal study of workers’ compensation claimants in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Orchard Christa , Carnide Nancy , Mustard Cameron , Smith Peter M
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Serious mental illness is common among those who have experienced a physical workplace injury, yet little is known about mental health service use in this population. This study aims to estimate the proportion of the workplace musculoskeletal injury population experiencing a mental illness, the proportion who access mental health services through the workers’ compensation system and the factors associated with likelihood of accessing services.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with a random sample of 615 workers’ compensation claimants followed over three survey waves between June 2014 and July 2015. The primary outcome was receiving any type of mental health service use during this period, as determined by linking survey responses to administrative compensation system records for the 18 months after initial interview.

Results

Of 181 (29.4%) participants who met the case definition for a serious mental illness at one or more of the three interviews, 75 (41.4%) accessed a mental health service during the 18-month observation period. Older age (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and achieving sustained return to work (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) were associated with reduced odds of mental health service use. Although not significant, being born in Australia was associated with an increased odds of service use (OR=2.23, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.10).

Conclusions

The proportion of injured workers with musculoskeletal conditions experiencing mental illness is high, yet the proportion receiving mental health services is low. More work is needed to explore factors associated with mental health service use in this population, including the effect of returning to work.
Influence of living in a multicat household on health and behaviour in a cohort of cats from the United Kingdom
Authors: Roberts Claire , Gruffydd‐Jones Tim , Williams Jessica L , Murray Jane K
Published: January 2020

Background

Living in a multicat household has been implicated as a risk factor for various feline issues, but evidence is often anecdotal or based on retrospective studies.

Methods

Data from the Bristol Cats Study, a UK longitudinal study of pet cats, were used. Cats were included if they had remained in either a single cat or multicat household between questionnaires 1 (two months old to four months old) and 5 (two‐and‐a‐half years old). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse associations between single cat/multicat households and measures of health and behaviour (overweight/obesity, abscesses/cat bites, negative interactions with owner and periuria). Multicat households were also subcategorised according to whether owners had reported agonistic behaviour between household cats.

Results

There was no evidence of association between household type and the likelihood of obesity, abscesses or periuria. The likelihood of negative interactions with the owner (eg, growling or hissing) was influenced by the cats’ relationships; cats in non‐agonistic multicat households had decreased odds of negative interactions with the owner, compared with single and agonistic multicat households (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Living in a multicat households per se was not a risk factor for the health and behaviour issues investigated, but the intercat relationship is important.
Concentration of entanglement in collective-rotating decoherence-free subspace
Authors: Zhang Yan-Jie , Shen Cai-Peng , Pan Zhi-Feng , Gao Ya , Su Shi-Lei , Liang Erjun , Zhang Shou
Published: January 2020

An entanglement concentration protocol in photonic collective-rotating decoherence-free subspace (CRDFS) is proposed. To accomplish the scheme, two methods to construct parity measurement devices in CRDFS are presented by exploiting the cross-Kerr nonlinearity, through which partially entangled states are converted to maximally entangled states. The performance of the protocol can be improved by iteration method. Fidelity in consideration of dissipation is discussed, which demonstrates good robustness. In contrast to the conventional protocols, the present one has distinctive feature since it can not only get maximally entangled state from less entangled state, but also maintain the maximal entanglement in collective-rotating noise environment.
Two tailorable two-arms-cross patterns with equal intensity generated by a composite square zone plate
Authors: Xia Tian , Cheng Shubo , Tao Shaohua
Published: January 2020

A composite square zone plate (CSZP) is proposed to generate two two-arms-cross patterns with equal intensity and arbitrarily designed axial positions. Moreover, the CSZP with the spiral phase has two square optical vortices located at the arbitrary positions. In addition, we find that the same topological charge of twin square optical vortices for the CSZP follows a modulo-4 transmutation rule. The construction method of proposed zone plates is illustrated in detail. We prove numerically and experimentally that the CSZP and spiral-phase CSZP produce two tailorable two-arms-cross patterns with equal intensity and square optical vortices, respectively. The proposed zone plate can be used to generate hollow beams and have potential applications in infrared antennas and laser alignment systems.
Some new exact solutions for derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the quintic non-Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Korpinar Zeliha , Inc Mustafa , Bayram Mustafa
Published: January 2020

The extended generalizing Riccati mapping method (EGRM) is used to solve the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLSe) with the dimensionless shape. This method reveals several optical solitons including traveling wave solutions (TWS). The studied solutions are identified in four different families including the hyperbolic, the rational and the trigonometric functions. Evaluations of the method are presented with graphical results obtained from our solutions.
Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Scale Heterogeneities in Complex Electrode Microstructures
Authors: Mahbub Rubayyat , Epting William K. , Hsu Tim , Mason Jerry H. , Feng Mingzhen , Nuhfer Noel T. , Abernathy Harry W. , Hackett Gregory A , Litster Shawn , Rollett Anthony D. , Salvador Paul A.
Published: January 2020

A semi-empirical model is developed to quantitatively characterize electrode heterogeneities over the micro- and mesoscales, specifically between the relationship of the mean-squared normalized variance in the volume fraction,

(

σ

Φ
V

Φ
¯

V

)

2

, and the mean particle size normalized linear dimension,

L

a
¯

N

. The model was developed analyzing data from five large-volume physical reconstructions – collected using Xe-plasma focused ion beam with SEM (PFIB-SEM) – of several commercial cell electrodes and from unique sets of synthetic microstructures designed to have controlled distributions in particle size and local volume fractions. When comparing physical reconstructions from distinct regions of the same electrode, millimeter length scale heterogeneities are also observed, even in microstructures with limited mesoscale variability. While the model is developed using synthetic microstructures, it is used to quantify three different types of heterogeneities in the commercial cells. The potential origins are discussed with respect to variations in particle size distributions in feedstocks and to phase distributions related to fabrication processes; the potential performance impacts are discussed with respect to two effective medium theory models. The characterization and analytical methodologies and model presented can support the design and development of improved electrodes.
Review—A Portable Voltammetric Sensor for Determining Titratable Acidity in Foods and Beverages
Authors: Kotani Akira , Kusu Fumiyo , Takamura Kiyoko , Hakamata Hideki
Published: January 2020

When 3,5-di-t-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (DBBQ) is electrochemically reduced in an unbuffered solution, the addition of small amounts of acid to the solution is found to give rise to a new peak (termed the prepeak) at a more positive potential than the original reduction potential of DBBQ. In addition, the prepeak current heights of DBBQ are proportional to the added acid concentration. From these findings, we utilized the voltammetric behaviors of DBBQ to develop an analytical method for the determination of titratable acidity in food and beverage samples. Moreover, a portable voltammetric sensor (weight, 100 g; power, two AAA batteries), that implements this analytical method, was developed in order to provide an on-site analytical device. To show the applicability of this portable sensor, the determination of titratable acidity in fruit juice, wine, Japanese sake, and shochu was performed. The results obtained by the portable sensor showed a good correlation with those from official potentiometric titration using 0.1 mol/L NaOH. In conclusion, the present sensor required a reduced sample volume and measurement time for an assay compared with conventional potentiometric titration, consequently showing potential for quality assessment in a wide range of food and beverage analyses.
Editors' Choice—Review—Nanostructured Electrodes as Random Arrays of Active Sites: Modeling and Theoretical Characterization
Authors: Oleinick Alexander , Sliusarenko Oleksii , Svir Irina , Amatore Christian
Published: January 2020

This review presents the main principles underlying the theoretical description of the behavior of regular and random arrays of nanometric active sites. It is further shown how they can be applied for establishing a useful semi-analytical approximation of the arrays responses under diffusion limited conditions when they involve the common situation of active sites with identical sizes. This approximation is general and, as exemplified for different type of arrays, can be employed for describing the behavior of any array involving arbitrary distributions of their active sites onto the substrate surface. Furthermore, this efficient approach allows statistical characterization of active sites distributions of any array based on chronoamperometric data.
Effect of Temperature on The Kinetics of Electrochemical Insertion of Li-Ions into a Graphite Electrode Studied by Kinetic Monte Carlo
Authors: Gavilán-Arriazu E. M. , Mercer M. P. , Pinto O. A. , Oviedo O. A. , Barraco D. E. , Hoster H. E. , Leiva E. P. M.
Published: January 2020

The effect of temperature on the kinetics of electrochemical insertion/removal of lithium in graphite is analyzed by kinetic Monte Carlo methods. Different electrochemical techniques are simulated at different temperatures and responses are compared with experimental results. Simulated voltammograms show, similarly to experiment, how the behavior of the system becomes closer to equilibrium as temperature increases. Calculated chronoamperometric profiles show a different qualitative behavior in the current at different temperatures, especially in the Cottrell representation peaks, explained in terms of the relative importance of diffusive versus charge transfer processes at different temperatures. Results at room temperature are in good agreement with experiment, and we further evaluate trends at elevated temperature that have not yet been described in experimental or theoretical works. Exchange current densities for different degrees of lithium intercalation at different temperatures are predicted using potentiostatic simulations, showing an Arrhenius-type relationship. The dependence of the exchange current on electrolyte composition is simulated by investigating the effect of different activation energy barriers at different temperatures. The influence of temperature on diffusion coefficients as a function of lithiation fraction in graphite is simulated and related to Arrhenius plots, explaining the experimentally observed changes in diffusion phenomena with lithium composition and temperature.
Review— Toyoda Gosei's History of R&D on Blue LEDs with Professor Isamu Akasaki
Authors: Ota Koichi
Published: January 2020

Toyoda Gosei (TG) started joint R&D with Prof. Akasaki and Prof. Amano (collectively, the Akasaki Group) in 1986, immediately after the Akasaki Group succeeded in the growth of high-quality GaN single crystals for the first time in the world. Then, the Akasaki Group and TG concluded an entrustment R&D agreement with Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) in 1987 to promote R&D through the investment of JST. Under these circumstances, the Akasaki Group achieved the growth of high-quality p-type GaN and n-type GaN, believed impossible at that time. These breakthrough technologies were of fundamental importance for developing blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Namely, (1) high-quality GaN single crystals, (2) p-type GaN, and (3) n-type GaN were found to be applicable to industrial products. Thanks to the Akasaki Group, TG started the mass production of blue LEDs in 1995. However, at that time, these LEDs were not particularly bright, and no one believed that they would be used in general lighting. In spite of this prediction, the brightness of blue LEDs was improved markedly by industry-based developments, leading to their widespread adoption in many applications.
Methylene Blue Photodegradation under Visible Irradiation on Ag-Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Vallejo William , Cantillo Alvaro , Díaz-Uribe Carlos
Published: January 2020

This study synthesized and characterized Ag-doped ZnO thin films. Doped ZnO powders were synthesized using the sol-gel method, and thin films were fabricated using the doctor blade technique. The Ag content was determined by optical emission spectrometers with inductively coupled plasma (ICP plasma). Additionally, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), diffuse reflectance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were used for physicochemical characterization. Finally, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was studied under visible irradiation in aqueous solution. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to determine the reaction rate constant of the photocatalytic degradation. The physicochemical characterization showed that the samples were polycrystalline, and the diffraction signals corresponded to the ZnO wurtzite crystalline phase. Raman spectroscopy verified the ZnO doping process. The AFM analysis showed that roughness and grain size were reduced after the doping process. Furthermore, the optical results indicated that the presence of Ag improved the ZnO optical properties in the visible range, and the Ag-doped ZnO thin films had the lowest band gap value (2.95 eV). Finally, the photocatalytic degradation results indicated that the doping process enhanced the photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation, and the Ag-doped ZnO thin films had the highest MB photodegradation value (45.1%), as compared to that of the ZnO thin films (2.7%).
Effects of Huang‐Lian‐Jie‐Du Decoction on Oxidative Stress and AMPK‐SIRT1 Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Rat
Authors: Gu Xinru , Zhao Haiyu , Zhou Junyi , Zhou Yanyan , Wei Xiaolu , Wang Hongjie , Bian Baolin , Yang Jian , Ren Wei , Si Nan
Published: January 2020

Huang‐Lian‐Jie‐Du Decoction (HLJDD), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is proven to have ameliorative effects on learning and memory deficits of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current study aims to reveal the underlying mechanism of HLJDD in the treatment of AD by simultaneous determination on the regulation of HLJDD on oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, and AMPK‐SIRT1 pathway in AD. AD model rat was successfully established by injection of D‐galactose and Aβ25-35‐ibotenic acid. Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the success of AD modelling. On this basis, an advanced technique with UPLC‐QqQ MS/MS was built up and applied to determine the levels of 8 neurotransmitters in rat plasma. Significant alternation in methionine, glutamine, and tryptophan was observed in AD rats’ plasma after the administration of HLJDD, relative to the model group. Meanwhile, HLJDD could upregulate the levels of SOD, GSH‐Px, AMPK, and SIRT1 and downregulate the content of MDA in the peripheral system of the AD rats. The underlying therapeutic mechanism of HLJDD for the treatment of AD was associated with alleviating oxidation stress, inflammation, neurotransmitters, and energy metabolism. These data provide solid foundation for the potential use of HLJDD to treat AD.
Satisfaction Levels concerning Current Chronic Constipation Treatment Options in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhossan Abdulaziz , Alrabiah Ziyad , Alghadeer Sultan M. , Wajid Syed , Al-Arifi Mohamed N. , Babelghaith Salmeen D.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim. Chronic constipation is frequently underreported as people with obstruction do not generally seek medical advice. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of chronic constipation and assessing satisfaction with current chronic constipation treatment options. Methods. This study was undertaken in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, in April 2019. The study population comprised respondents aged ≥18 years who had been recruited to participate through advertising on social media. Results. Of 532 respondents who completed our questionnaire, 153 (25.4%) had constipation, based on listed criteria, and of these, 121 (22.7%) reported having been constipated for ≥6 months; nearly 48% reported having been constipated for >3 years, while 63.6% of those chronically constipated were female. Bisacodyl was the laxative medication most used to treat chronic constipation, and 17.4% of users reported that they had used laxative medication for >12 months. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) were utilized in 44.4% of respondents with chronic constipation. There was a significant association between the group who used CAMs and age (p=0.013). Drinking water was the most common CAM adopted for those experiencing chronic constipation, followed by consumption of fiber (35.5%) and senna (19.8%).
The Association between Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion and Dysphonia in Adolescents
Authors: Fulton Nicole M. , Drake Karen , Childes Jana M. , Ziegler Aaron , Schindler Joshua S. , Graville Donna J. , Palmer Andrew D.
Published: January 2020

Objective: Associations between dysphonia and paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) have been previously reported in adults, but it is unclear whether similar associations exist for adolescents. The goals of this study were to identify the prevalence and severity of voice disorders in adolescent patients with PVFM, identify differences between those with and without clinician-identified dysphonia, and investigate what factors were associated with voice handicap in this population. Methods: A retrospective review of eligible adolescent patients diagnosed with PVFM over a 1-year period at a single institution was undertaken. Data collected from the medical record included demographic background, medical history and workup, patient- and family-reported symptoms, and findings from the laryngeal examination. The presence or absence of clinician-diagnosed dysphonia was used to subdivide the sample for analysis. Results: Forty-eight patients with PVFM were included. The sample was primarily female (73%) with a median age of 15 years. Few patients had voice complaints (5%), but clinician-diagnosed dysphonia was common (52%) and ranged from mild to moderate. Vocal hyperfunction was frequently observed (55%), but anatomic abnormalities associated with dysphonia were rare (6%). Adolescents with dysphonia were significantly older, more likely to have vocal hyperfunction on laryngoscopy, and more likely to return for therapy than those without dysphonia. No notable differences existed in the number of behavioral therapy sessions or in the likelihood of completing treatment between the two groups. The majority of participants (79%) had at least one “confounding factor” (i.e., were currently taking a medication for asthma, allergies, or reflux, or had a laryngeal abnormality) but this did not differ significantly between those with and without dysphonia. A minority of individuals (28%) had abnormal scores on the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Age was positively correlated with dysphonia severity but no other significant associations were observed. Conclusion: Although voice complaints are rare, dysphonia among adolescents with PVFM is common and can occur in the absence of laryngeal abnormalities and medical comorbidities, typically as a result of vocal hyperfunction. Dysphonia does not appear to be a barrier to PVFM treatment and may be a useful target in therapy.
As ideias e atividades de Armando de Godoy
Authors: Outtes Joel
Published: January 2020

Embora o plano urbanístico de Le Corbusier para o Rio de Janeiro nunca tenha sido seriamente considerado e o plano de Agache tenha sido colocado de lado para ser implementado parcialmente em outro momento, urbanismo no Rio de Janeiro não pode ser discutido sem um entendimento das atividades e ideias de Armando Augusto de Godoy, um dos mais prolíficos escritores sobre o assunto no Brasil. Este artigo explora empírica e analiticamente as ideias e atividades de Godoy até sua morte em 1944, enquadrando suas ideias e práticas no contexto de algumas ideias do filósofo francês Michel Foucault, tais como seus conceitos de bio-poder e disciplina.
Juan Pedro Blois. Medio siglo de sociología en la Argentina: ciencia, profesión y política (1957-2007)
Authors: Barboza Darlan Praxedes
Published: January 2020

Resenha do livro de Juan Pedro Blois, Medio siglo de sociología en Argentina, Buenos Aires, Eudeba, 2018.
La polarización de “La Manada”
Authors: Robles José Manuel , Atienza Julia , Gómez Daniel , Guevara Juan Antonio
Published: January 2020

Diversos autores han planteado en los últimos años que el nuevo escenario que genera la comunicación digital provoca que los ciudadanos tengan un papel con mayor protagonismo en el debate público. Sin embargo, al margen de las múltiples oportunidades políticas y comunicativas surgidas de tras la irrupción de las redes sociales digitales, encontramos algunos riesgos y limitaciones relevantes para la comunicación política como la falta de civismo (Incivility). El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, a través del estudio del caso de “La manada” (de gran repercusión social y política en España) y haciendo uso de técnicas de Big data, la posible polarización de debate público en la red social Twitter y la existencia de este tipo de prácticas negativas, en especial, cuando afectan a las mujeres. Encontramos un escenario de una extrema polarización en el que ambas partes tienden a usar el tema de debate como pretexto para reforzar las posiciones que separan a la izquierda y la derecha en España.
A prisão fora e acima da lei
Authors: Godoi Rafael
Published: January 2020

As fronteiras da prisão também erodem quando centros de poder e decisão se deslocam para fora dos muros e para cima de estruturas administrativas; quando injunções legais crescentemente condicionam as atividades do staff prisional, e o interior do cárcere é, cada vez mais, devassado por mecanismos diversos de prevenção e combate à tortura e outros tratamentos ou penas cruéis, desumanos e degradantes. A partir de análise qualitativa dos relatórios produzidos pela Defensoria Pública do Rio de Janeiro, no âmbito de seu programa de monitoramento do sistema carcerário, procuro discernir dinâmicas que caracterizam esse mais amplo processo neste contexto específico, bem como informam sobre seus alcances e limites.
O carcereiro de si mesmo
Authors: Campello Ricardo Urquizas
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa as conexões entre os dispositivos de monitoramento eletrônico de presos e o dispositivo carcerário, com enfoque nos impactos dos sistemas de rastreamento sobre a vida de pessoas monitoradas. O texto se baseia na análise de documentos legais, entrevistas e pesquisa de campo realizadas entre 2015 e 2018 junto a presos e presas submetidos à utilização de tornozeleiras eletrônicas nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. No primeiro movimento do artigo, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento da política de monitoração no país, concomitante ao incremento da população prisional brasileira. Em seguida, são descritas algumas das interfaces estabelecidas entre a prisão e a supervisão eletrônica. Por fim, o terceiro movimento analisa as dimensões políticas dos dispositivos de monitoramento eletrônico e seus processos correspondentes de subjetivação. De maneira geral, o texto é motivado pelo interesse nas atuais transformações operadas pelo poder de punir, assim como na rearticulação das estratégias de condução das condutas mobilizadas pelas novas tecnologias de controle.
Fronteiras corpóreas e incorporações prisionais
Authors: Cunha Manuela Ivone
Published: January 2020

Comparam-se materiais etnográficos de uma pesquisa numa prisão antes e depois do advento do encarceramento concentrado que a entrelaçou a um conjunto de bairros urbanos. Tornados mundos contínuos, anteriores limites intraprisionais colapsaram, espoletando mudanças inclusive em aspetos corpóreos e sensoriais da experiência carceral. O corpo confinado é descrito não tanto como um objeto de poder disciplinar, mas como constituído antes de mais por relações sociais e morais, tornando as experiências corporais da prisão altamente contextuais. A comparação entre formas mais e menos moldadas por uma relação particular prisão-bairro/s sugere que tais experiências variam não apenas em função de circunstâncias próprias à prisão, mas também em função da especificidade das circunstâncias sociais que a atravessam.
Introdução: as dobras entre o dentro e o fora
Authors: Mallart Fabio , Cunha Manuela Ivone
Published: January 2020

Introdução ao dossiê "Punição, prisão e cidade: contextos transversais"
NFκB (Nuclear Factor κ-Light-Chain Enhancer of Activated B Cells) Activity Regulates Cell-Type–Specific and Context-Specific Susceptibility to Calcification in the Aortic Valve
Authors: Gee Terence , Farrar Emily , Wang Yidong , Wu Bingruo , Hsu Kevin , Zhou Bin , Butcher Jonathan
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Although often studied independently, little is known about how aortic valve endothelial cells and valve interstitial cells interact collaborate to maintain tissue homeostasis or drive valve calcific pathogenesis. Inflammatory signaling is a recognized initiator of valve calcification, but the cell-type–specific downstream mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we test how inflammatory signaling via NFκB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) activity coordinates unique and shared mechanisms of valve endothelial cells and valve interstitial cells differentiation during calcific progression.

Approach and Results:

Activated NFκB was present throughout the calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) process in both endothelial and interstitial cell populations in an established mouse model of hypercholesterolemia-induced CAVD and in human CAVD. NFκB activity induces endothelial to mesenchymal transformation in 3-dimensional cultured aortic valve endothelial cells and subsequent osteogenic calcification of transformed cells. Similarly, 3-dimensional cultured valve interstitial cells calcified via NFκB-mediated osteogenic differentiation. NFκB-mediated endothelial to mesenchymal transformation was directly demonstrated in vivo during CAVD via genetic lineage tracking. Genetic deletion of NFκB in either whole valves or valve endothelium only was sufficient to prevent valve-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of CAVD in vivo despite the persistence of a CAVD inducing environment.

Conclusions:

Our results identify NFκB signaling as an essential molecular regulator for both valve endothelial and interstitial participation in CAVD pathogenesis. Direct demonstration of valve endothelial cell endothelial to mesenchymal transformation transmigration in vivo during CAVD highlights a new cellular population for further investigation in CAVD morbidity. The efficacy of valve-specific NFκB modulation in inhibiting hypercholesterolemic CAVD suggests potential benefits of multicell type integrated investigation for biological therapeutic development and evaluation for CAVD.
PCSK6 Is a Key Protease in the Control of Smooth Muscle Cell Function in Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Rykaczewska Urszula , Suur Bianca E. , Röhl Samuel , Razuvaev Anton , Lengquist Mariette , Sabater-Lleal Maria , van der Laan Sander W. , Miller Clint L. , Wirka Robert C. , Kronqvist Malin , Gonzalez Diez Maria , Vesterlund Mattias , Gillgren Peter , Odeberg Jacob , Lindeman Jan H. , Veglia Fabrizio , Humphries Steve E. , de Faire Ulf , Baldassarre Damiano , Tremoli Elena ,   on behalf of the IMPROVE study group, Lehtiö Janne , Hansson Göran K. , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Pasterkamp Gerard , Quertermous Thomas , Hamsten Anders , Eriksson Per , Hedin Ulf , Matic Ljubica
Published: January 2020

Rationale:

PCSKs (Proprotein convertase subtilisins/kexins) are a protease family with unknown functions in vasculature. Previously, we demonstrated PCSK6 upregulation in human atherosclerotic plaques associated with smooth muscle cells (SMCs), inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and mitogens.

Objective:

Here, we applied a systems biology approach to gain deeper insights into the PCSK6 role in normal and diseased vessel wall.

Methods and Results:

Genetic analyses revealed association of intronic
PCSK6
variant rs1531817 with maximum internal carotid intima-media thickness progression in high-cardiovascular risk subjects. This variant was linked with PCSK6 mRNA expression in healthy aortas and plaques but also with overall plaque SMA+ cell content and pericyte fraction. Increased PCSK6 expression was found in several independent human cohorts comparing atherosclerotic lesions versus healthy arteries, using transcriptomic and proteomic datasets. By immunohistochemistry, PCSK6 was localized to fibrous cap SMA+ cells and neovessels in plaques. In human, rat, and mouse intimal hyperplasia, PCSK6 was expressed by proliferating SMA+ cells and upregulated after 5 days in rat carotid balloon injury model, with positive correlation to PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor subunit B) and MMP (matrix metalloprotease) 2/MMP14. Here, PCSK6 was shown to colocalize and cointeract with MMP2/MMP14 by in situ proximity ligation assay. Microarrays of carotid arteries from Pcsk6
−/−
versus control mice revealed suppression of contractile SMC markers, extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, and cytokines/receptors. Pcsk6
−/−
mice showed reduced intimal hyperplasia response upon carotid ligation in vivo, accompanied by decreased MMP14 activation and impaired SMC outgrowth from aortic rings ex vivo. PCSK6 silencing in human SMCs in vitro leads to downregulation of contractile markers and increase in MMP2 expression. Conversely, PCSK6 overexpression increased PDGFBB (platelet-derived growth factor BB)-induced cell proliferation and particularly migration.

Conclusions:

PCSK6 is a novel protease that induces SMC migration in response to PDGFB, mechanistically via modulation of contractile markers and MMP14 activation. This study establishes PCSK6 as a key regulator of SMC function in vascular remodeling.

Visual Overview:

An online visual overview is available for this article.
The Design and Implementation of XiaoIce, an Empathetic Social Chatbot
Authors: Zhou Li , Gao Jianfeng , Li Di , Shum Heung-Yeung
Published: January 2020

This article describes the development of Microsoft XiaoIce, the most popular social chatbot in the world. XiaoIce is uniquely designed as an artifical intelligence companion with an emotional connection to satisfy the human need for communication, affection, and social belonging. We take into account both intelligent quotient and emotional quotient in system design, cast human–machine social chat as decision-making over Markov Decision Processes, and optimize XiaoIce for long-term user engagement, measured in expected Conversation-turns Per Session (CPS). We detail the system architecture and key components, including dialogue manager, core chat, skills, and an empathetic computing module. We show how XiaoIce dynamically recognizes human feelings and states, understands user intent, and responds to user needs throughout long conversations. Since the release in 2014, XiaoIce has communicated with over 660 million active users and succeeded in establishing long-term relationships with many of them. Analysis of large-scale online logs shows that XiaoIce has achieved an average CPS of 23, which is significantly higher than that of other chatbots and even human conversations.
Corpora Annotated with Negation: An Overview
Authors: Jiménez-Zafra Salud María , Morante Roser , Teresa Martín-Valdivia María , Ureña-López L. Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Negation is a universal linguistic phenomenon with a great qualitative impact on natural language processing applications. The availability of corpora annotated with negation is essential to training negation processing systems. Currently, most corpora have been annotated for English, but the presence of languages other than English on the Internet, such as Chinese or Spanish, is greater every day. In this study, we present a review of the corpora annotated with negation information in several languages with the goal of evaluating what aspects of negation have been annotated and how compatible the corpora are. We conclude that it is very difficult to merge the existing corpora because we found differences in the annotation schemes used, and most importantly, in the annotation guidelines: the way in which each corpus was tokenized and the negation elements that have been annotated. Differently than for other well established tasks like semantic role labeling or parsing, for negation there is no standard annotation scheme nor guidelines, which hampers progress in its treatment.
Morphological systematics of kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula complex (Serpentes: Colubridae), in the eastern United States
Authors: KRYSKO KENNETH L. , JUDD WALTER S.
Published: January 2020

Kingsnakes of the Lampropeltis getula complex range throughout much of North America. Using morphology and color pattern, Blaney made the last revision of this species complex nearly 30 years ago and recognized seven subspecies. Furthermore, Blaney hypothesized that populations in the eastern United States consist of two closely related taxa, L. g. getula & L. g. floridana, whichare morphologically divergent from all other subspecies. At the same time, Means hypothesized that an undescribed taxon existed in the Eastern Apalachicola Lowlands in the Florida panhandle. To test these hypotheses as well as help better understand phylogenetic relationships, we examine morphological characters and color pattern of L. getula throughout its range, particularly those populations in the eastern United States, and make comparisons to molecular data. We find that populations in the eastern United States represent a well-supported monophyletic group. Although some infraspecific clades (i.e., subspecies) within the L. getula complex may be weakly supported by homoplasious characters, at least one synapomorphy supports the monophyly of each group, including the two currently recognized subspecies in the eastern United States and the unnamed entity in the Eastern Apalachicola Lowlands, described herein as L. g. meansi. Justification for naming this natural clade at the infraspecific level (rather than species level) is provided. Furthermore, this panhandle clade is diagnosed by more synapomorphies than any other currently recognized taxon of L. getula, and overlaps in distribution with numerous other endemic plants and animals. All molecular analyses produced very similar tree topologies as our morphological dataset.
A review of the genus Apocepon Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Bopyridae) parasitic on purse crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) from Chinese waters, with description of a new species
Authors: AN JIANMEI , YU HAIYAN , LI XINZHENG
Published: January 2020

Description of a new species Apocepon leucosiae sp. nov. of genus Apocepon Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1930 from Chinese waters, a redescription of Apocepon pulcher Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1930 from the type locality and the second record of Apocepon digitatum Stock, 1959 are presented. All hosts are in the brachyuran family Leucosiidae. Four purse crab species, i.e. Philyra carinata Bell, Philyra heterograna Ortmann, Leucosia sinica Shen et Chen and Leucosia anatum (Herbst), are recorded for the first time as hosts of parasitic isopods of this genus. A brief differential diagnosis, data on the distribution and a key to the three species in the genus Apocepon are provided.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ga-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures: Synthesis, Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Albulym Obaid , Kaygili Omer , Hussien Mai S. A. , Zahran H. Y. , Kilany Mona , Yahia I. S. , Bulut Niyazi , Darwish R. , El-Kott Attalla Farag
Published: January 2020

In the present paper, seven samples of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles doped with different amounts (e.g., 0%, 1%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% [wt.]) of Ga-ions were synthesized at low temperature using the microwave-assisted sol–gel technique. FT-Raman/Fourier-transform infrared
(FTIR) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dielectric/alternating current conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and antimicrobial tests were utilized in order to characterize the synthesized samples. The Ga content was observed to affect the crystallite size as well as the
crystallinity of HAp. Variations were observed in the lattice parameters, lattice strain, and dislocation density. FTIR analysis revealed that HAp structure possessed the carbonate group. Thus all samples have promising medical applications, as this group improves the bioactivity of HAp. Dielectric
properties, as well as the alternating current electrical conductivity, were also observed to be affected by the Ga content. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that the Ga-doped HAp nanostructures exerted a considerable inhibitory effect on bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans). Therefore, the Gadoped HAp nanostructures are proposed as a promising candidate for applications in the field of bone cement engineering.