bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leg Press and Chest Press Power Normative Values by Half Decade in Older Women
Authors: Parrino Rosalia L. , Martinez Kylie J. , Konlian Jordyn A. , Conti Joseph M. , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: January 2024

Parrino, RL, Martinez, KJ, Konlian, JA, Conti, JM, and Signorile, JF. Leg press and chest press power normative values by half decade in older women. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 991–998, 2024—Neuromuscular power is essential for the performance of most activities of daily living and the maintenance of functional independence throughout the aging process. Power declines rapidly in later life; however, this decline may be reduced or delayed with early detection and intervention. Therefore, this study provides leg press and chest press power normative values for older women. Women's power data for this analysis included 229 participants, 60–90 years of age. Power testing was conducted on Keiser A420 pneumatic leg press and chest press machines following a standardized protocol. Data were stratified into half-decade age groups and analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA. Descriptive statistics and quartile rankings are reported, and significant differences between age groups are outlined. There were significant differences in absolute and relative leg press peak power between the age groups (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in absolute or relative chest press peak power between the age groups. This research established normative values and quartile rankings for leg press and chest press power in older women 60–90 years of age, allowing comparative evaluations with patients and subjects by clinicians and researchers, respectively. These values should improve exercise interventions designed to improve power production by providing assessments of subjects' current status and allowing comprehensive monitoring of progress.
May I Help You? The Relationship Between Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Emotional and Relational Wellbeing in Daily Life
Authors: Pauw Lisanne S. , Sun Rui , Zoppolat Giulia , Righetti Francesca , Milek Anne
Published: January 2024

People often get support from others in regulating their emotions, a phenomenon known as interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). However, the relative effectiveness of specific IER strategies for improving emotional and relational wellbeing in daily life is unclear. Here, we report two preregistered, ecological momentary assessment studies, in which we examined how the use of six key IER strategies relates to emotional and relational wellbeing among romantic couples in daily life. Study 1 focused on enacted IER as reported by the regulator, whereas Study 2 focused on perceived IER as reported by the regulated partner. Using a dyadic experience sampling design (6 beeps/day for 7 days), Study 1 (N = 136) showed that when people reported to have given advice or encouraged their partner to suppress their emotions, their partners experienced impaired emotional wellbeing. When people reported to have distracted their partner, their partner experienced enhanced positive affect and felt closer to their partner. The use of interpersonal reappraisal, acceptance and ignoring was unrelated to partners’ momentary wellbeing. Using a dyadic daily diary design (1 beep/day for 12 days), Study 2 (N = 361) showed that perceptions of one’s emotions being ignored by the partner were associated with impaired emotional and relational wellbeing on the same day. The perceived use of other IER strategies was unrelated to momentary wellbeing. Taken together, the present set of studies illuminates how IER processes shape people’s emotions and relationships in ecologically valid settings. Our findings indicate that enacted and perceived regulatory behaviors are associated with differential outcomes, highlighting the complex nature of interpersonal emotion dynamics.
L'exemple, sous l'Ancien Régime, d'une juridiction française de droit privé non dépourvue de prérogatives administratives
Authors:   Université de Bretagne-Occidentale (University of Western Brittany, France), Jaulin Arnaud
Published: January 2024

The Présidiaux were created in 1552 in order to speed up trials and diminish the influence of the high judicial courts (Parlements). They were at the core of a complex judicial organization and helped to enforce the Justice of the King. Although the Presidial of La Rochelle appears to be relatively unknown (and even forgotten) nowadays, it was of paramount importance in the judicial and political background of La Rochelle under the Monarchy. It embodied the power of the King. After the 1627 siege, its members were forced to declare themselves Catholics. Not only did the Presidial exercise Justice, it was also a source of Law, especially thanks to its administrative and police powers. For the King, it was a tool of social regulation, dedicated to fighting the Protestants and supervising citizens’ activities. But the Presidial of La Rochelle was also a political and social body, longing for autonomy – it was structured as a provincial parliamentary oligarchy. It was socially powerful and, as such, took precedence over the other jurisdictions and easily competed with rival bodies. Although it had been undermined by the judicial reforms, its Officers attempted to work themselves up the social ladder towards nobility, as is shown by the Presidial’s external signs of wealth and grandeur. In the 18th century, the Presidial of La Rochelle was still a middle jurisdiction, torn between its capacities and its ideals – a jurisdiction whose dilemma was to be neither lower, nor yet supreme.
La transposition du Conseil d'État français dans le Duché de Varsovie (1807–1813). Aux origines de la proximité juridique franco-polonaise (acte 2)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, (University of Gdansk, Poland), Klimaszewska Anna , Soleil Sylvain ,   Université Rennes 1, (University of Rennes 1, France)
Published: January 2024

Despite drawing on French culture in earlier centuries, it was not until Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 that a flood of direct and indirect transpositions of French institutions and legal solutions affected Polish lands. Under radically different socio-economic conditions, however, they frequently evolved differently from their country of origin, more than once in an unexpected direction. This article is a part of a series of publications in which, by comparing two different optics for analysing the same phenomenon, the authors encourage us to abandon national subjectivism in favour of a more objective dialogue. Indeed, the same reality can give rise to several interpretations, especially when it comes to the transposition of legal models from one country to another.
Szczególny status francuskiej Rady Stanu
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Jamróz Lech
Published: January 2024

The Council of State is a body that is a permanent element of the political system of the French Republic. Its genesis dates back to the Consular period. The Council of State, despite numerous and serious political transformations in France over the last two hundred years, has gained authority and contributed to the stability of the concept of strong protection of individual rights. The important role of the Council of State resulted not only from legal changes (here, the Act of 1872, as a result of which the Council gained jurisdictional independence, was of crucial importance); its jurisprudence has also played an extremely important role. The Council gave special importance to many statutory freedoms and rights by referring to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789. Today, the Council of State protects the constitutional order by performing two main functions: it is the consultative body for government law projects and regulatory acts and the highest administrative judiciary body. However, in order to understand what role this body plays nowadays, it is necessary to refer to the genesis of its creation, because it corresponds to the consolidation of republican ideas in France. On the margin of the main considerations of this study, it is worth recalling that in the interwar period in Poland, numerous projects were put forward to create a Council of State on the French model. Awareness of the role of this body was very significant in the legal and scientific circles of that period. It was considered that the Council, consisting of eminent lawyers, should primarily give opinions on draft legal acts and thus contribute to shaping better law by political centers of power. The submitted postulates, some of which took the form of specific projects, were never implemented. The French Council of State has a special status today, which is the result of its authority, achievements, and the specificity of the organization and its work. The dominant research methods that have been used are the dogmatic-legal method and the historical-legal method.
Genesis of Administrative Justice and Administrative Procedure in Latvia
Authors:   Université de Bretagne-Occidentale (University of Western Brittany, France), Bērtaite-Pudāne Inga
Published: January 2024

In 2021, the administrative courts of Latvia celebrated two significant anniversaries. The first was one hundred years since the adoption of the Act on Administrative Courts, which was the beginning of administrative justice in Latvia. The second significant anniversary – 20 years ago a modern Administrative Procedure Act was adopted and separate administrative courts were established. This article aims to describe the genesis of administrative justice in Latvia during the Interwar Period and after the restoration of Latvia’s independence in 1991. Administrative justice a hundred years ago and now is an instrument that ensures the observance of fundamental principles of democracy and the rule of law. Thus, the present day connects us with the time 100 years ago. At the same time, it should be acknowledged that the assessment of the regulation of administrative procedure, as well as the organization of administrative justice, in Latvia, differ significantly between then and now. The article analyses the reasons why the 1921 Act on Administrative Courts was considered outdated and incomplete as it approached its twentieth anniversary, while the current Administrative Procedure Act, celebrating its twentieth anniversary, is considered to be of a success story. The article also examines the challenges that characteriz administrative justice in the Interwar Period and nowadays, looking for commonalities and differences. The article uses both interwar and contemporary legal sources. The article uses analytical and historical research methods. The article can serve as a source of information for further comparative studies on the genesis of administrative justice in the region.
Charakterystyka działalności poselskiej Hermana Liebermana w latach 1922–1926 dotyczącej Najwyższego Trybunału Administracyjnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Ułanowicz Mateusz
Published: January 2024

The article aims to present Herman Lieberman’s parliamentary activity in the years 1922–1926, concerning the enactment and amendment of the act on the Supreme Administrative Tribunal of 3 August 1922. The main reason for exploring this problem is the fact that his parliamentary activity, focusing on the first Polish administrative court, was omitted from his memoires and his official biography, written by Artur Leinwald. Apart from that, the topic of this article coincides with the centenary of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal. Furthermore, this publication shows how the Sejm and the Supreme Administrative Tribunal operated before the may coup of 1926, because afterwards the new executive was progressively forcing the Supreme Administrative Tribunal to cooperate with government and to support state policy. The greatest number of sources concerning Lieberman’s parliamentary activity in the interwar period can be found at the Sejm Library’s website. Therefore, the methodology for writing this article consisted in the analysis of the bills and protocols of the Sejm, the Constitutional Committee, and the Legal Committee. These sources show that Herman Lieberman was very involved in the legislative work concerning the Supreme Administrative Tribunal. Analysis of these documents makes it possible to conclude that the parliamentarian was a great supporter of setting up this court in Poland. Herman Lieberman was sure that the Supreme Administrative Tribunal would be the guarantor of the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
The Concepts of Jan Kopczyński, President of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal, Regarding the Formation of the Council of State in the Second Polish Republic
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Kopczyński Karol
Published: January 2024

The paper focuses on a proposal to reform the lawmaking process in the Second Polish Republic through the establishment of a Council of State. The idea of creating a Council of State to improve the quality of legislation was widespread among the Polish legal elite of that time; many representatives of the legal profession presented their ideas in various periodicals. Particularly prominent among the supporters of this concept was the president of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal, Jan Kopczyński, who submitted for discussion by his fellow lawyers several proposals he had prepared for the establishment the Council of State. The paper describes the debate over Kopczyński’s proposals by juxtaposing them with the concepts of other representatives of the legal doctrine of the Second Polish Republic and the solutions that were applied by the government in that period. The ideas for the creation of the Council of State focused on two foreign models. The first was the French Conseil d'État, which combined legislative and administrative-court powers. The second model was the Romanian Legislative Council, whose tasks were strictly limited to legislation, without the administrative-court functions. Jan Kopczyński’s concepts were closer to the Romanian model. Kopczyński submitted three proposals to establish a Council of State, but none of his proposals was implemented. A substitute for the Council of State was to be the Legal Council to the Minister of Justice, established in 1926 by a regulation of the President of the Republic, but it quickly ended its activities encountering both reluctance of the parliament and a frigid reception by the ruling elite. The fact that the Council of State was never established, although it enjoyed widespread approval in the legal community, proves that politics always has the upper hand in a clash with legal idealism.
Z dziejów sądownictwa administracyjnego na Górnym Śląsku w czasach II Rzeczypospolitej. Sprawa Józefa Kormana przeciwko Dyrekcji Policji w Katowicach
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland), Mikołajczyk Marian , Nancka Grzegorz ,   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
Published: January 2024

The article aims to show the practice of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Katowice, operating during the Second Polish Republic, which – in a broader context – will allow for an assessment of its activity. The Voivodship Administrative Court in Katowice, which was established only in 1922 after the annexation of part of Upper Silesia into the Republic of Poland, has not yet been subjected to a comprehensive analysis. Research into its operation is not facilitated by the small number of surviving files, which were heavily depleted in the process of disposal. The preserved case files, which are very few in number, provide insight into the course and results of disputes adjudicated before the Voivodship Administrative Court. One of them is the case of Józef Korman v. the Police Directorate in Katowice, which is the subject of this study. It is an interesting case study for a number of reasons. This is primarily because it was one of the few cases heard before the Highest Administrative Tribunal in Warsaw as a result of an appeal filed against the judgment of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Katowice. The study is based on the case files preserved in the State Archive in Katowice, sources of law of that time and specialist literature. The article uses a historical-legal methodology.
State and Law in the Thinking of Sylwester Zawadzki (1921–1999). A Few Reflections in Connection with the Establishment of the Supreme Administrative Court in 1980
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Sadłowski Michał Patryk
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a discussion of selected issues related to the state and law in the thinking of Sylwester Zawadzki (1921–1999) a lawyer and state activist of the People’s Republic of Poland. The text includes reflections on the sources of his worldview and the course of his academic and professional career, and, most importantly, on the content of selected research and observations, of which this co-founder of the Supreme Administrative Court was the main contributor. The purposes of this paper include showing the sources of S. Zawadzki’s intellectual, scientific, and political inspirations that may have influenced and determined his commitment to the establishment of the administrative court system in the People’s Republic of Poland at the end of 1979 and beginning of 1980. There is no doubt that S. Zawadzki then played one of the key roles in the process of establishing this judicial institution in the political system of the People’s Republic of Poland. By virtue of his position and connections in the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP), he played perhaps the decisive role that helped break the resistance of some groups in the government, led by Prime Minister Piotr Jaroszewicz. In this regard, the paper also aims to recall the achievements of this lawyer and provide materials for further research on the biography of S. Zawadzki, as well as his teachers and colleagues. The paper is based on S. Zawadzki’s memoirs, his scholarly and journalistic publications, the publications of his teachers and colleagues, as well as selected archival materials (including those from the Archives of New Records and the Archives of the University of Warsaw).
Orzecznictwo Sądu Pokoju w Śremie – próba opracowania statystycznego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Pomianowski Piotr Z.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to indicate what the court of the peace in Śrem dealt with during the period of the Duchy of Warsaw, and thus what problems were important for the society of Greater Poland at the beginning of the 19th century, in the initial phase of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The statistical method was used in the research. The choice of the court in Śrem is dictated by the fact that its files have been preserved to our times in a relatively complete way. The records of courts of this level have usually been completely lost or have been poorly preserved. In addition, the author wishes to answer the question to what extent the judges from Śrem complied with the letter of the laws in force in the Duchy of Warsaw, and to what extent they ruled based on their own sense of justice. It is important that the Napoleonic Code and the Prussian Landrecht of 1794 were in force in the Duchy of Warsaw at the same time, which must have posed numerous challenges to the judges. The Napoleonic Code is a purely capitalist law, while the Landrecht is a transitional era codification with both feudal and capitalist elements. The author tries to assess how well they dealt with this issue.
Election of the Local Court Members in the 19th Century City of Osijek
Authors:   Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia), Haman Daniel
Published: January 2024

During the reign of Croatian Ban (Viceroy) Ivan Mažuranić (1873–1880), numerous reforms were implemented in the administration, the school system and the judiciary, since the political programme of his rule was based on building a modern legal infrastructure of Croatian autonomy. Already during the first year of his rule, Ban Ivan Mažuranić proposed to the Parliament the Act on Judicial Authority (Zakon o vlasti sudačkoj), which was adopted already next year, in 1874, to be considered one of the fundamental acts of the Croatian autonomous legal system. Aiming to disburden the judiciary in the first instance, in 1876, Ban Mažuranić followed the Act on Local Courts and Procedures (Zakon o mjesnim sudovima i postupku pred njima) to establish a court in each municipality authorised to deal with disputes over small sums of money. Although these were lay courts with features of administrative authority, this did not in any way threaten their position as a judicial authority. In practice, local courts acted as an effective and almost free system of the laity that disburdened greatly the judiciary and opened the way to modernisation of the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia according to European standards of a modern civil state.
Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1888
Authors:   Универзитет у Источном Сарајеву (University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Savić Sanja
Published: January 2024

In the paper, the author analyzes the adoption procedure, characteristics and significance of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1888. After the Kingdom of Serbia acquired the status of an independent and sovereign state by the decision of the Congress of Berlin, all restrictions regarding its constitutional arrangement disappeared. Emphasizing that the constitution of 1869 was passed illegally during his childhood, and that it gave the people too much freedom, King Milan Obrenović initiated the adoption of a new constitution. Created as a result of a political agreement between King Milan and the Radical Party, the constitution was supposed to secure the interests of both parties, i.e. the survival of the ruling dynasty on the throne and the introduction of a parliamentary system. The constitution was intended to establish a balance between the rights of the people, the ruler and the assembly. By arranging the political system of the state on the principles of parliamentarism and democracy, which sought to satisfy the interests of different layers of the Serbian citizenry, and by providing favorable conditions for further democratization of political life, the constitution of 1888 represented one of the most advanced constitutions in Europe at that time. However, practice has shown that parliamentary democracy requires a more developed social environment than the one that existed in the Kingdom of Serbia at the end of the 19th century.
Trybunał Ludowy jako organ wymiaru (nie)sprawiedliwości III Rzeszy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski (University of Wroclaw, Poland), Bury Paweł
Published: January 2024

The article describes issues related to the establishment and activity of the People's Court – a German criminal court existing in the years 1934–1945 adjudicating mainly in political cases. This paper presents and discusses the genesis and constitution of the Court, the proceedings before it, the scope of its material and local jurisdiction, and the role it played in practice. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the position of the People’s Court evolved gradually over time, and not only its composition changed, but also the scope of its jurisdiction, which was constantly being expanded to cover more and more crimes. The work is also partly devoted to the presentation of the judges adjudicating in the Court and their post-war fate. Despite the important role played by the People's Court in the justice system of the Third Reich, the subject of its existence has not been explored in detail in Polish literature. Previous publications primarily referred to foreign literature, generally omitting the analysis of legal acts. For this reason, this work uses not only the historical and legal method, but also the formal and dogmatic method, making extensive references to normative acts of statutory and sub-statutory rank constituting the basis for the activity of the Court.
Simple Clinical Photokeratoscopy
Authors: Sivak Jacob G , Strong Graham
Published: January 2024

A simple photokeratoscope can be clinically useful for the quantifica­tion of corneal configuration in ker­atoconus, for determining the pre­sence or absence of large corneal cylinders in infants and non-commu­nicative patients and for recording post-operative corneal topography.
Ophthalmic Preparations of Interest to Optometrists
Authors: Lyle W M
Published: January 2024

This paper is essentially a tabulated listing of nearly 200 ophthalmic preparations. It is too lengthy to publish in one issue of the CJO, so it will be presented in parts. The subject is tabulated in the following sections:

Tear Supplements and Substitutes, Comfort Solutions.

Vasoconstrictors, Decongestants, Astringents and Antihistamines.

Topical Antibiotic, or other Antibacterial Pre­parations.

Mydriatics / Cycloplaegics or both. Ophthalmic Ointments.
Al DS - Precautions for Ophthalmic Practice
Authors: Levy B
Published: January 2024

Since 1981 a new and much publicized infection (AIDS) has come to the attention of the health care community and the public. The reason for the tremendous publicity generated by the disease is the devastating outcome once diagnosis has been made, and the rapid rate at which it appears to be spreading.
Visual Screening Programs in British Columbia Schools
Authors: Pennock C , Shapiro J
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this investigation was to deter­mine whether changes had occurred in visual screening procedures used in British Columbia schools during the last five years. The findings were obtained from a 95% return of questionnaires sent to the 75 school districts in British Columbia. A majority of districts continued to rely primarily on the use of far-point acuity testing by means of an eye-chart. Greater use of learning assistance teachers and of community vision specialists - optometrists and ophthalmologists - appears now to be made when children have reading difficulties.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations In An Amblyopic Child: A Case Report
Authors: Sorbara L , Spafford M.M
Published: January 2024

Degraded retinal imagery and concomitant abnormal bino­cular interaction, as a result of significant unilateral uncor­rected refractive error, can result in unilateral functional amblyopia in young humans. The ''plastic or critical period of vision'' could be consi­dered as the physiologic epoch in which visual deprivation can impede complete development of normal vision or in which visual stimulation can "reverse" the effects of previous stimulus deprivation. This plastic period has been defined in some mammals but is still approximated in humans. The prevention of normal visual acuity development with maturation is referred to as amblyopia of arrest; a condition that is non-treatable by definition. Amblyopia of extinction represents a reduction in acuity from that previously deve­loped and consequently acuity is recoverable.  The clinical differentiation of amblyopia of arrest from amblyopia of extinction would be greatly simplified if the critical plastic period in humans was more clearly defined. Optometrists must assess many factors in addition to age when evaluating the prognosis for amblyopia therapy. This case study helps illustrate the importance of early detection and subsequent correction of unequal refractive errors as well as the aniseikonic, binocular and electrophysiologic conse­quences of the condition and its treatment.
Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Chiarelli Catherine
Published: January 2024

A 12-year-old male presents for vision examina­tion, along with teachers and classmates from the local school for deaf children. An initiative to ensure that the students receive regular vision care was undertaken by the school, in response to concerns about undetected and untreated vision problems in this at-risk population. The child's teachers have observed that his left eye turns out, and that he displays difficulty with glare. He himself reports that vision in the left eye is poor, and that people must stand on his right side in order for him to communicate with them by sign lan­guage. His kindergarten teacher remembers that he was supposed to wear a contact lens in one eye, however this was seldom done. The child reports that he has glasses at home, but that he never wears them.
InSb PHOTODIODES (REVIEW. PART VI)
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Tetyorkin V.V.
Published: January 2024

In this review, a brief overview of epitaxial methods of growing single-crystal InSb films and their application for the manufacture of infrared photodiodes is provided. The results of growing InSb epitaxial films on Si and GaAs substrates are described. The main attention in the review is paid to InSb/CdTe heterostructures, which is explained by the almost perfect matching of their lattices and coefficients of thermal expansion. The properties of heterovalent InSb/CdTe interfaces as promising objects for spintronics and topological insulators are described. The results of experimental studies of InSb photodiodes for the mid-wavelength region of 3-5 μm, passivated with polycrystalline CdTe films by the hot wall epitaxy method are given. To investigate the electrical properties of polycrystalline fims, the direct conductivity was measured as a function of bias voltage and temperature. For this purpose, polycrystalline fims with a thickness of 200 to 1800 nm were grown on p-InSb substrates. The type of conductivity and resistivity of polycrystalline films were determined. Conclusions were made regarding the possibility of using this technique for effective and stable passivation. Photodiodes were characterized by measuring the dark current and the lifetime of minor carriers. Properties of heterovalent CdTe/InSb and isovalent CdTe/HgCdTe interfaces are compared. It is shown that they have different effects on the transport and photoelectric characteristics of photodiodes. It was established that when the passivation layer is deposited on the chemically etched surface of the mesa, an excess current of tunneling nature occurs in the photodiodes. The best results were obtained when surface treatment of the mesa includes the use of CP4A and HCl etchants, sulfidization in a non-aqueous Na 2 S solution, and deposition of a CdTe protective layer. Passivation of HgCdTe photodiodes using polycrystalline CdTe films does not affect the lifetime of charge carriers, but it needs improvement to achieve better stability of their characteristics.
LED SOURCES OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION: METHODICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HARMONIZATION OF EU AND UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Shabashkevich B.G.
Published: January 2024

One of the effective means of disinfecting premises is its irradiation with ultraviolet bactericidal radiation (UVBV), which is in the UV-C region (200 nm - 280 nm) and for mercury lamps has a radiation peak at a wavelength of 254 nm. However, UVBV should be used competently and with appropriate caution in terms of its intensity and safety, avoiding risks of damage to human skin and eyes. Therefore, UVBV is used indoors, mainly in the absence of a person. But when using sources of this type of optical radiation in the presence of a person, proper attention should be paid to controlling the intensity of UVBV and the time of its exposure. At the same time, it should be noted that the active processes of harmonization of the legislation of the EU and Ukraine require the modernization of the regulatory and methodological base for the measurement and hygienic assessment of ultraviolet radiation in the production environment and in the environment, significantly expanding the possibilities of using UVB sources, including in the presence of humans. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to create the basis for appropriate methodological recommendations for the use of bactericidal ultraviolet monochrome LED sources for disinfection of air and surfaces in rooms, as well as the formulation of appropriate requirements for UV radiometers, which should ensure control of the technical parameters of the mentioned ultraviolet monochrome LED sources. As a result of the research, scientific principles were proposed for the instrumental and methodical control of the safe use of bactericidal ultraviolet monochrome LED sources for the improvement of air and surfaces in premises of various purposes, taking into account the requirements of the legislation of Ukraine and the EU. The technical characteristics of the available UVBV LED sources were analyzed, based on which the medical and technical requirements for UV radiometers were formulated, which should ensure control of the intensity and actinic dose of UV radiation in accordance with the requirements of DSTU EN 62471:2017 "Safety of photobiological lamps and lamp systems (EN 62471:2008 , IDT; IES 62471:2006, MOD)". Design approaches to the formation of the spectral range of RG sensitivity by using appropriate light filters, including for the blue light range (380-480 nm), have been determined. A technique for correcting the spectral characteristic of the RG sensitivity is proposed, which contributes to the reduction of the intensity measurement error created by different LED sources.
THE INFLUENCE OF OPTICAL GLASS AS A SUBSTRATE IN SPR SENSORS ON THE TEMPERATURE STABILITY OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kachur N.V.
Published: January 2024

The influence of the properties of the substrate made from optical glass of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors on the temperature stability of measurements at a temperature change from 20 to 30°C, in which research is most often carried out, was studied. The phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance is very sensitive to any changes at the metal-dielectric interface, so studying the influence of the temperature factor is an actual task. Research in the infrared region of the spectrum is important because in this case the possible thickness of the research object increases, and it is also possible to reduce the thickness of the gold layer that is sprayed to the glass substrate of the sensory element from 50 nm to 30 nm. But heating the sensitive element with an IR laser can introduce an additional error into the measurement results. The sensitive element of the SPR device consists of a plate made of optical glass and a thin layer of gold deposited on it. It is known that materials expand when heated. The difference in temperature coefficients of linear expansion of glass and gold applied to it can lead to unequal expansion of glass (74x10 -7 ) and gold (14.2x10 -6 ), respectively, causing elastic stresses in the gold sensitive layer of the sensor. Sensory elements with a 30 nm gold layer are used for the IR range of measurements, and 50 nm for the visible range. Therefore, we investigated the stability of the results of measuring the angle of surface plasmon resonance minimum at a wavelength of 650 nm (Plasmon-6 device). It was determined that the optical glass of the substrate affects the stability of measurements of the SPR index of air from temperature fluctuations. The period of stabilization of measurement results in the visible range when the temperature changes from 20 to 30 °C to the change in the angle of the SPR minimum changes from 0.0006 degrees/min for Zerodur to 0.0032 degrees/min for flints, i.e. almost 5 times with the thickness of the gold nanolayer 50 nm, and for a thickness of 30 nm it varies from 0.0010 deg/min for crowns and quartz to 0.0013 deg/min for flints. The lowest value corresponds to Zerodur substrates with practically zero temperature coefficient of linear expansion and quartz in this temperature range. To ensure the stability of the results of measurements of SPR characteristics against temperature fluctuations in the range of 20-30°С, it is recommended to use Zerodur, quartz and crowns for the substrates of SPR sensors
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF DETECTIVE HIGH RESISTANCE CdTe(111) MONOCRESISTORS AND SOLIDS Cd 1-x Zn x Te
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Gentsar P.O.
Published: January 2024

Cadmium telluride is used for the manufacture of uncooled gamma radiation detectors, and solid solutions of Cd 1-x Zn x Te (x=0.1) are used for the manufacture of X-ray and gamma radiation detectors. The study of the effect of doping on the physical properties of semiconductors is relevant both for experimenters and for the theoretical substantiation of physical processes. This paper presents the results of the study of optical reflection spectra in the spectral range (0,2-1,7) . 10 -6 m and transmittance in the region of the fundamental optical transition E 0 of high-resistivity CdTe single crystals of (111) orientation with resistivity ρ = (2÷5)·10 9 Ohm∙cm doped with chlorine, as well as solid solutions of Cd 1-x Zn x Te (x = 0.1) with resistivity ρ = (5 ÷30)∙10 9 Ohm∙cm. Since the optical reflection coefficient R = f (λ) is related to the optical transmittance T = f (λ) and absorption D = f (λ) by the ratio R+T+D=1 (with the light (electromagnetic) wave scattering in the studied samples not taken into account), the absorption spectra D=1-(R+T) versus the light (electromagnetic) wavelength λ were also constructed in this work. It is determined that the energy of the fundamental optical transition E 0 of the studied materials at T = 300 K is as follows: for CdTe - 1.44 eV; and for Cd 1-х Zn х Te (x = 0.1) - 1.5 eV. The energy relaxation time of free charge carriers τ for p-CdTe (111) single crystals and Cd 1-х Zn х Te (x = 0.1) solid solutions was estimated to be 1.343-10 -14 s and 0,878·10 -14 s, respectively. The effective "optical" mobility for single crystals of p-CdTe (111) and solid solutions of Cd 1-х Zn х Te (x = 0.1) is 274 . 10 -4 ; 179,5 . 10 -4 , respectively. It has been shown that the investigated crystals are of high (detector) quality, which is crucial for the manufacture of highly sensitive and high-resolution ionising radiation sensors. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the determination of electronic and physical parameters of technically important semiconductors CdTe and Cd 1-х Zn х Te (x=0.1).
THE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING LIGHT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF LUMINOPHORE POWDER YAG:CE3+ MICROPARTICLES AND ITS TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kamuz O.M.
Published: January 2024

The development of methods for photometric control of turbid media based on YAG:Ce3+ phosphor (luminophore) microcrystals in transparent matrices requires solving a number of technological problems in the manufacture of self-supporting films of the composite material, adequate measurement of their optical properties and calculation of the corresponding values of absorption indices. This general problem is solved in this work by developing original measuring equipment, elaborating a number of technological protocols and a calculation algorithm based on modelling in the concept of a composite film of a dispersion medium. It is proved that the production of a suspension of microparticles of YAG:Ce3+ powder in epoxy resin at reduced pressure using an original turbine microstirrer allows to obtain a homogeneous and degassed suspension with a low rate of solid particle deposition, efficient light absorption of excitation radiation and an increased level of quantum yield of luminescence. A methodology for manufacturing self-supporting films from the obtained suspension has been developed. Such films are characterised by a low scatter of colourimetric parameters on the surface due to their high spatial homogeneity. 5 ml of the suspension is enough to produce a set of 30 flat-parallel films with an area of up to 1 cm2 and a thickness of 110÷600 µm with an error not exceeding ±3 µm. On the basis of the matrix spectroradiometer НAAS-2000, a photometric measuring setup was developed and created, which, in addition to the spectroradiometer, includes an optical module and an LED blue light source with λmax= 456 nm to excite the luminescence of the light-converting composition layers. The elements of the optical module ensure that the solid angle of the source radiation corresponds to the numerical aperture of the receiver (Ω = 0.126 steradian) in the form of the end window of the fibre-optic cable of the spectroradiometer and cause the transmission of the image on a 1:1 scale. An algorithm for determining the volumetric and linear absorption coefficients of a microcrystal-averaged YAG:Ce3+ phosphor powder under conditions corresponding to the isotropic scattering mechanism was proposed and worked out. Calculations in the composite film model, which takes into account the effects of light absorption and reflection by individual microcrystals in the volume of a transparent matrix, using the results of experimental measurements, allowed us to establish the values of the volume and linear absorption coefficients of the size-averaged (5.3 μm) YAG:Ce3+ microcrystal, which are 774 cm-1 and 129 cm-1, respectively.
MECHANISMS OF INDIUM MASS TRANSFER IN Cd(Zn)Te UNDER THE ACTION OF NANOSECOND LASER PULSES
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Levytskyi S.M.
Published: January 2024

The processes of heating, melting and ablation during nanosecond laser irradiation of metal film (In) / CdTe structures and CdZnTe solid solutions are considered. Time and coordinate (in depth) temperature profiles during nanosecond laser irradiation of the system the film In/CdTe were calculated. Melting thresholds of indium and CdTe in the In/CdTe film system have been established. The profile of the distribution of indium atoms in cadmium telluride after a single laser irradiation of the In/CdTe structure, accompanied by the formation of an inversion layer (n-type), was obtained and theoretically described; a peak at a depth of 6 nm was detected. The mass transfer coefficients of indium in CdTe in different regions were determined during nanosecond laser irradiation of the In/CdTe structure with a thickness of the In film of 30 nm on the metal side at Epad = 100 mJ/cm2. It was established that the mass transfer coefficient of In atoms in CdTe during nanosecond laser irradiation of the In/CdTe film structure depends on the distance from the CdTe surface and increases, which is associated with a rapid change over time in the inhomogeneous deformation of the crystal lattice in the process of indium diffusion. The obtained value of the coefficient of laser-induced mass transfer of In in CdTe by an order of magnitude is much higher than the diffusion coefficients of impurities under normal annealing conditions with the diffusion method of impurity introduction and is commensurate with the self-diffusion coefficient in a number of liquid metals.
SIMULATION OF PROCESSES IN BACTERICIDAL ULTRAVIOLET LED INSTALLATIONS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Hovorov P.P.
Published: January 2024

The pandemic continues, as does the issue of preventing environmental pollution with harmful substances, viruses and bacteria. In these conditions, lighting technology and disinfection technologies based on the use of radiation in the ultraviolet spectral range open up wide opportunities. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that modern events, namely pandemics, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and wars, cause a large amount of environmental pollution with harmful substances, various viruses and bacteria. Unfortunately, these problems have affected the entire population of our planet, and in the future, without solving the issue of high-quality disinfection of various environments, they may lead to new, larger-scale disasters. The research was carried out in O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv was allowed to establish the possibility of using ultraviolet LEDs for the treatment of various environments infected with harmful microorganisms and Covid-19, to develop a method for modeling the curve of light intensity of a light device and an algorithm for calculating LED installations, which will provide the possibility of calculating and designing such installations for the disinfection of various environments, in particular, water environments and environments infected with Covid-19. Thus, studies have confirmed the possibility of using ultraviolet LEDs to disinfect the environment from particles of the Covid-19 virus, harmful microorganisms in 193various environments and to establish requirements for bactericidal installations in these conditions. And the developed method can be applied to any arbitrarily selected observation points, bases of LEDs and their environment, which makes the algorithm suitable for calculating light distribution from LED systems for bactericidal disinfection of various environments, including water or infected with Covid-19, from harmful microorganisms.
Creation of active optical metasurfaces on films of chalcogenide semiconductors with phase state change
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kryuchyn A.A.
Published: January 2024

The development of meta-optics is due to human aspirations for the maximum miniaturization of optical elements, the design and control of light fluxes, as well as the improvement of visualization and image processing. Metasurfaces, i.e. arrays with subwavelength distances (smaller than the wavelength of light), and optically thin elements trigger new physical mechanism and phenomena that are very different from those observed in three-dimensional bulk materials. Thus, meta-devices perform complete control and management of the characteristics of the light flux (phase, amplitude, polarization) with the help of one flat layer. Compared to traditional bulky lenses, metasurface lenses have advantages such as flatness, light weight, and compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing technology. The use of active (reconfigurable) metasurfaces, the characteristics of which can be dynamically rearranged after manufacturing, makes it possible to significantly expand the capabilities of meta-optics. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the properties and technologies of creating optically active metasurfaces for optical image processing and transformation systems. Generalized methods of forming metasurfaces are described: self-organization, selective chemical etching, holographic and lithographic. To implement the work of active (reconfigured) metasurfaces based on materials with a change in phase state (amorphous/crystalline), heating technologies with electric current pulses of various amplitudes and durations and the action of direct optical radiation are used. The analysis of materials for the formation of optically active metasurfaces and devices based on them that simulate the front of a light wave and work on reflection and transmission is presented. Special attention is paid to the use of photosensitive chalcogenide semiconductors as metamaterials with a phase change. Examples of materials such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and AgxInSb2Te (AIST), which have been used for decades in optical data storage and electronic memory devices, are given. A series of novel compositions of optical phase change materials such as Ge2Sb2Se4Te (GSST), Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, Ge2Sb2Te3S2 and In3SbTe2 for optical and photonic applications are also proposed. Direct laser recording on photosensitive films of chalcogenide semiconductors with the use of technological equipment for laser recording of master disks is proposed as a promising method of forming arrays with submicron distances and realizing the work of active metasurfaces.