bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Environment in and Around Schools and Colleges of Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) in India
Authors: Bassi Shalini , Bahl Deepika , Arora Monika , Tullu Fikru Tesfaye , Dudeja Sakshi , Gupta Rachita
Published: December 2020

Background: Food policies and the environment in and around educational institutes have the potential to influence food practices, eating patterns, and behaviours of children. Methods: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was implemented to examine the existing food policies, food environment determinants, and food choices of school (9 schools; Private=6, Public=3) and college (n=4) going students from Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR), India. Data was collected from school (n=253) and college (n=57) students, parents of school students (n=190), teachers (n=12, schools=9, colleges=3), canteen operators of private schools (n=6) and colleges (n=4) using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, surveys and structured observations (in and around schools and colleges). Results: A variety of food and beverage options were available in and around educational institutes but the majority of these options were unhealthy i.e. high in fat, salt, and sugar, despite restrictions. The available healthy foods and beverages in the canteens as well as outside through vendors were priced higher compared to unhealthy options. During lunchtime, twelve vendors were seen around six schools (3 private and 3 public). The density of these vendors increased at the time of dispersal (n=37) with a higher number of outside private schools (n=27) compared to public schools (n=10). Around colleges, vendors (n=14) were seen throughout the day. The students from all private schools (n=6) and colleges (n=2) were exposed to the high fat, salt, and sugar food advertisements (n=10), whereas, no advertisements were observed around public schools. Private school students are more vulnerable compared to public schools due to the availability of canteen with unhealthier options, the higher density of vendors outside school, higher exposure to unhealthy food advertisements, the higher purchasing power of students to eat outside food, and the non-availability of any school meals programme.Conclusion: The current food environment in and around educational institutes is conducive to establish and sustain unhealthy eating behaviours. It is imperative to ensure the availability of healthy food in and around their educational institutes to improve their health and wellbeing. Therefore, emphasise the need to address this challenge through regular monitoring and surveillance of the recently introduced FSSAI regulation 2020, to ensure its compliance and appropriate enforcement strategies.
Study on the Determination Model of Four Kinds of Tea Polyphenols in Fresh Tea Based on Visible and Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Dong Wentao , Luo Wei , Zhan Baishao , Huang Haihua , Chen Hong , Min Kai , Liu Xuemei
Published: December 2020

Background: For tea, tea polyphenols is an essential indicator to measure the quality of tea. In this paper, the content of four tea polyphenols in fresh tea was determined by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Results: First, the spectrum data of three kinds of tea, Juhuachun (J), Zhenong25 (Z) and Yingshuang (Y) were collected. A total of 159 samples were collected, 106 of which were used for calibration and 53 for prediction. Then the content of tea polyphenols was determined by HPLC and the physicochemical value samples were established. Subsequently, the spectral data was preprocessed to eliminate noise interference, and a partial least squares (PLS) model was established to select the optimal preprocessing method. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of detection, Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), Successive projections algorithm (SPA) and Random frog algorithm (RF) were used to extract characteristic wavelengths from the pretreatment spectrum. Based on characteristic wavelengths, PLS, multiple linear regression (MLR) linear models and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) nonlinear models were established to predict the content of four tea polyphenols. The performance of LS-SVM models is superior to that of PLS and MLR models. The RP2 values of the four tea polyphenols LS-SVM models based on SPA and CARS were increased to 0.996, 0.991, 0.997, 0.988 and 0.997, 0.991, 0.997, 0.984, respectively. The RP2 values of the four tea polyphenols LS-SVM models based on RF were also increased to 0.996, 0.986, 0.994 and 0.977. Conclusions: It can be found that the LS-SVM model based on SPA is the most suitable prediction model for the content of tea polyphenols. It has the least input variables and better performance. Therefore, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy can be used as an effective method to measure the content of tea polyphenols in fresh tea.
Assessing the Correlation Between Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaires (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and Disease Severity Indices in Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Cao Shan , Sun Lulu , Shi Zhongxiang , Yang Baoqi , Zhang Furen
Published: December 2020

Background: Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) that affect the skin and mucous membranes, and adversely impact quality of life (QOL). Few studies have assessed the correlation between the severity of disease and QOL in patients with pemphigus and BP. Objectives: To identify the correlation between the severity of AIBDs and QOL using the Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL), Treatment Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires in Chinese patients with pemphigus and BP at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Methods: Pemphigus and BP patients were invited to complete the ABQOL, TABQOL, and DLQI questionnaires. We measured the pemphigus disease area index (PDAI), autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS), and antibodies of desmoglein1,desmoglein3 (DSG1/DSG3) for pemphigus; and the bullous pemphigoid disease area index (BPDAI), ABSIS, and antibodies of BP180/ BP230 for BP as disease severity indices. The correlations between the severity of disease and QOL were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). Results: Eighty-five patients were included: 55 with pemphigus and 30 with BP. The pemphigus subtypes included pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 32), pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 22), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP, n = 1). We found significantly strong correlations between QOL (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and severity of disease (PDAI/BPDAI, ABSIS) with (r = 0.87, 0.77, 0.83; r = 0.86, 0.73, 0.80) for pemphigus and BP, respectively. Mild or strong correlations were also observed between QOL and antibody titers in pemphigus with DSG1/DSG3(r=0.32/0.36) and BP with BP180/BP230( r = 0.73/0.17) respectively. Conclusion: The QOL of patients with pemphigus and BP decreased with increased severity of the AIBDs. As the disease severity descended, so the QOL improved. The QOL indices should be used in clinical trials and to manage patients’ treatment, especially during the active disease stage, despite the mild correlation observed after 1 month of treatment.The PDAI to be better at assessing disease severity than the ABSIS in patients with pemphigus, and ABSIS are better than BPDAI in BP patients for correlation with the QOL indices.
Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Failure; A Protocol for Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Younesi Elyas HosseinzadeH , Sabzi Zahra , Yeganeh Leila Teymouri , Kolagari Shohreh
Published: December 2020

Background: One of the major challenges of the present century is chronic respiratory failure with a complex, chronic, disabling, and progressive nature, which can gradually affect patient health-related quality of life and their individual and social activities. Therefore, studying its concept will help in recognizing changes in the disease process and predict the status of the disease. This study was prepared to determine health-related quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory failure using a mixed-method approach.Methods and Analysis: The mixed-method approach, with a convergent parallel design, will be used to conduct the research in which the quantitative and qualitative study is performed simultaneously and with the same weight. In the quantitative study section, a cultural and psychometric adaptation of the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire is first translated for patients with severe respiratory failure and then the health-related quality of life dimensions of patients with chronic respiratory failure will be measured using a questionnaire pertaining to the culture of Iranian society in a descriptive-analytical study. Simultaneously with the quantitative study, the researcher will use a qualitative study to explain the perception of patients with chronic respiratory failure and health-related quality of life. Finally, the results of a quantitative study obtained from the analysis of descriptive statistics data (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance, t-test, and regression) are integrated by SPSS software version 18. The results of a qualitative study are the results of conventional content analysis, by comparison and confrontation during interpretation.Discussion & Conclusion: Due to the complexity of the research and for gaining in-depth understanding into the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory failure, this article will be based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. In this research, quantitative and qualitative methods overlap and add to the richness of the data so that the results, beyond the numbers and figures of a quantitative study, will be congruent with an explanation of the concept in a qualitative study and will be discussed and interpreted.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals with Visual Conditions Requiring Eyecare During COVID-19 Lockdown.
Authors: Almhdawi Khader A. , Alsalem Munsif F. , Obeidat Donia , Al-Khateeb Laith T. , Aqarbah Mohammad N. Al , Alshiyab Wejdan M. , Al-Share Zaidoon
Published: December 2020

Background: Individuals with chronic vision diseases need regular ophthalmic follow-up. However, access to non-urgent ophthalmic services was limited in areas of strict lockdown during SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article aimed to o assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its predictors in individuals with chronic vision conditions during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional, survey-based study targeted Jordanians adults with variety of chronic vision conditions require regular ophthalmic follow-up. Outcome measures included HRQoL measured by 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12), mental health symptoms measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), vision ability measured by the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VFQ-25) General Vision and Role Limitation subscales. Data were analyzed descriptively and using a multiple variable linear regression to identify HRQoL predictors. Results: A total of 201 participants completed the study with a mean age of 52.09 (±15.41) years and SF-12 mean score of 57.90 (±18.15). Level of HRQoL was significantly and negatively predicted by VFQ-25 Role Limitation subscale, presence of diabetes, the need of ophthalmic follow-up during lockdown, and stress. The regression model explained 47.1% of the variance in HRQoL (r2=0.471, F=35.57, P<0.001).Conclusions: Jordanian individuals with chronic vision conditions requiring non-urgent ophthalmic follow-up demonstrated a relatively low level of HRQoL during COVID-19 lockdown. Participants also showed adverse impact on mental health and reported low accessibility to ophthalmic care. Access to non-urgent ophthalmic care in individuals with chronic vision diseases should be carefully considered by healthcare administrations and policymakers for optimal service planning during pandemics and crises.
Synergistic influence of education and marriage on the risk for cognition loss among the older people in China
Authors: sun ning , Jia Rangcheng , Guo Chunyan , Sun Tongda , Dong Xiaoxin , Li Long , Yang Ping
Published: December 2020

Background

The study was aim to prove that both rationality and emotion are indispensable for older people to maintain their ability to live independently during the twilight of their lives.
Methods

The resilience of older people to dementia were investigated by considering the interactions between educational levels and marriage status. Four sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, and marital status) were collected from 1177 older Chinese participants, whose mini-mental state examination scores (MMSE scores) were measured.
Results

A lower educational level coupled with being widowed caused a greater risk for severe cognitive impairment (relative risk [RR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.82; p < 0.001) for high-aged older participants (age range: ≥80) than for their low-aged counterparts (age range: ≥60 and < 80). In contrast, a higher educational level coupled with being married leveled this age-related risk for cognitive loss (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.65–1.27; p = 0.62).
Conclusions

Further findings suggest that the synergistic influence of education and marriage was observed only among high-aged older people .Being both well-educated and married is associated with a delayed cognitive function for older people. However, longevity is a prerequisite for realizing this benefit.
Hyperglycemia-Associated Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Open Radical Hepatectomy
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Yixiu , Xie Yuwei , Zhang Luxun , Pei Jinyu , Cao Guanghua , Qu Linlin , Hu Weiyu , Tan Bin , Wang Cong , Li Kun , Liu Kui , Yang Dongxia , Li Na , Zhu Chengzhan , Cao Jingyu
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWe investigated the impact of elevated glucose levels on the early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)after open radical hepatectomy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed. The clinical data of 112 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent open radical hepatectomy from January 2013 to December 2014 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. After radical resection of the hepatocellular carcinoma, 86 patients with an average fasting blood glucose(FBG) level of 3.9–6.1 mmol/L and 26 patients with an FBG level ≥ 6.1 mmol/L were divided into the normal group and hyperglycemic group, respectively. The recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was compared between the two groups 1 and 2 years after the operation.ResultsThe postoperative 1- and 2-year recurrence rates of HCC were 19.8% (17/86) and 33.7% (29/86), respectively, in the normal group and42.3% (11/26) and 61.5% (16/26), respectively, in the hyperglycemic group; there were significant differences between the two groups (χ2 = 6.719,P = 0.01;χ2 = 6.427༌P = 0.011). The univariate analysis showed that FBG, history of alcohol drinking, extent of hepatectomy, histopathological differentiation, maximal tumor diameter, satellite lesion, and the postoperative adjuvant treatment were risk factors affecting the tumor-free survival rate after open radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (P < .05).The results of the multivariate analysis showed that FBG levels ≥ 6.1 mmol/L, low histopathological differentiation, and no postoperative adjuvant treatment were independent risk factors affecting tumor-free survival rate after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (P < .05).ConclusionAn elevated FBG level has a stimulating effect on the early recurrence of tumor after open radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, postoperative monitoring and blood glucose control may facilitate a decrease in the early recurrence rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Comparison of Different Parathyroid Autograft Project after Total Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: FEI mengjia , XU dong , LAI yi , XU yanan , ZHANG jingwen , WANG jiadong
Published: December 2020

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of total parathyroidectomy followed by modified needle-quantified injection of parathyroid autograft compared with classic incision and transplantation.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 171 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism treated by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. These patients were included in our study from April 2006 to December 2016,who had undergone total parathyroidectomies with autotransplantation . Patients were divided into classic incision for transplantation of parathyroid autograft group and modified needle-quantified injection group. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, including preoperative and postoperative intact parathyroid hormone levels were recorded and compared between two group patients. Results To compare the techniques of modified needle-quantified injection and classic incision and transplantation, pre- and postoperative biochemistry and length of operation was recorded and analyzed. Preoperative biochemistry was similarly in both groups. However, autograft function achieved was significantly faster in the group with modified needle-quantified injection compared with classic incision and transplantation (P = 0.03). Median time to parathyroid function regain was 3 months for injection compared with 7 months for classic incision. There was no remarkable difference in the recurrence rates between the two groups.Conclusion The modified needle-quantified injection of parathyroid tissue is a feasible and simple alternative to the more commonly used method of classic incision and transplantation.
Integrated Transcriptomics Explored the Cancer-Promoting Genes CDKN3 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Liao Kai , Guo HaoChun , Zhou Suqin , Yu Ran , Liu Yanyan , Pan Yan , Pu Juan
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives: The aims of the present study were to explore the critical genes that related to development of ESCC by integrated transcriptomics and investigate the clinical significance by experimental validation. Methods: The datasets of protein-coding genes expression which involved in ESCC were downloaded from GEO database. The "Robustrankaggreg" package was used for data integration, and the different expression genes (DEGs) were identified based the cut-off criteria as follows: adjust p-value < 0.05, |Log2 fold change (FC)| ≥ 1.5; The protein expression of seed gene in 184 cases of primary ESCC were detected by immunohistochemistry; The relationship between the expression level of seed genes and clinical significance were analyze. Results: A total of 244 DEGs were identified by comparing gene expression patterns between ESCC patients and the controls based on integrating dataset of GSE77861, GSE77861, GSE100942, GSE26886, GSE17351, GSE38129, GSE33426, GSE20347 and GSE23400; The CDKN3 were identified the seed gene of top cluster by use of PPI network and plug-in MCODE; The level of CDKN3 mRNA was significantly increased in ESCC patients compared to controls; The positive expression rate of CDKN3 protein in ESCC tissue samples was 32.0% and 61.4% in control, respectively, differences were statistically significant; There was significant correlation between the expression level of CDKN3 and lymph node metastasis or clinical staging of ESCC patients. Conclusion: Integrated transcriptomics is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, our study improved the understanding of the transcriptome status of ESCC.
A Realist Evaluation of Senior Medical Students' Perspective of a One-Week A Residential Aged Care Facility Clerkship
Authors: Radford Janette Christine , Bramble Marguerite , Todd Anne
Published: December 2020

Background: Residential aged care facilities (RACFs), also known as nursing or aged care homes are infrequently used to deliver experience-based learning to medical students. Methods: This is a realist evaluation of senior medical students’ perspective of a one-week clerkship delivered in RACFs seeking to find what aspects of their clerkship worked for whom and why as part of the evaluation of the clerkship. This is a qualitative study using written and focus group data.Results: The highly structured curriculum delivered many positive learning outcomes for students such as practice in improving management of end-of-life and dementia care, an understanding of how RACFs functioned, and a chance to participate in interprofessional practice. The context also challenged some students who struggled to see the relevance of the clerkship in relation to their personal and/or professional identities.Conclusions: The realist evaluation builds on a previous theory of experience-based learning adding a student intraindividual aspect to the theory to better define the mechanisms involved. The resulting realist theory of experience-based learning may prove useful to other studies of experience-based learning.
Leading the way: Qualities of leaders in preventing mis-implementation of public health programs
Authors: Moreland-Russell Sarah , Weno Emily Rodriguez , Smith Romario , Padek Margaret , Saliba Louise Farah , Brownson Ross
Published: December 2020

Background

Public health agencies are increasingly concerned with ensuring they are maximizing limited resources by delivering effective programs to enhance population-level health outcomes. Preventing mis-implementation is necessary to sustain public health efforts and resources needed to improve health and well-being. Because executive management is responsible for making decisions such as approving or disapproving the continuance of a program, it is important to understand the attributes of public health leaders in preventing program mis-implementation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the important qualities of leadership in preventing the mis-implementation of public health programs.
Methods

In Spring 2019, we selected eight state health departments (SHD) to participate in qualitative interviews on decision making around ending or continuing programs. Forty-four SHD chronic disease employees were interviewed via phone, audio-recorded, and the conversations transcribed verbatim. All transcripts were consensus coded, and themes were identified and summarized. This analysis focused on themes related to leadership.
Results

Participants were program managers or section directors who had on average worked 11 years at their agency and 15 years in public health. The following themes emerged from their interviews regarding the important leadership attributes to prevent mis-implementation: (1) engagement, use of quality improvement, and being adaptive; (2) transparent and bidirectional communication; and (3) ability to navigate political influences.
Conclusion

This first of its kind study showed the close inter-relationship between mis-implementation and leadership. Increased attention to public health leader attributes can help to reduce mis-implementation in public health practice and lead to more effective and efficient use of limited resources. A better understanding of those attributes can provide further direction to future areas of attention and capacity building among current and future public health practitioners. Future research should incorporate a mixed-methods approach to more comprehensively understand the relationships of leaders and practitioners.
Comparative Efficacy (DAS28 remission) of Targeted Immune Modulators for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Best Jennie H. , Kuang Yuting , Jiang Yilin , Singh Rajpal , Karabis Andreas , Uyei Jennifer , Reiss William , Dang Joseph
Published: December 2020

Background

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of targeted immune modulators (TIMs) in TIM-naïve/mixed (≤ 20% TIM-experienced) and TIM-experienced (> 20% TIM-experienced) adults with moderately-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response or intolerance to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs).
Methods

A fixed effects Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using published study-level data form 41 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), identified from 2 recent systematic literature reviews conducted by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, and 2 additional phase III trials for filgotinib (FINCH-1, FINCH-2). RCTs that compared TIMs to each other, cDMARD or placebo were included. Treatments included Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi), and other non-TNFis. Efficacy was defined as achieving remission with a DAS28 score < 2.6 at 12 and 24 weeks.
Results

In the 12-week analysis for the TIM-naïve/mixed population, all TIMs combined with cDMARD were more likely to achieve remission compared to cDMARD alone (statistically significant), with intravenous tocilizumab showing a substantially greater magnitude of effect (odds ratio = 19.36, 95% credible interval: 11.01, 38.16). Similarly, in the 24-week analysis, intravenous and subcutaneous tocilizumab showed the highest odds ratio of achieving DAS28 remission compared to cDMARD. Similar trends were observed for the analyses on monotherapy or TIM-experienced population.
Conclusion

This NMA demonstrated that tocilizumab is associated with a greater likelihood of remission (DAS28 < 2.6) at 12 and 24 weeks compared to most other TIMs including new JAK inhibitors, when used in combination with a cDMARD or as monotherapy, among TIM-naïve/mixed or TIM-experienced populations.
Examination the effect of post-hatch heat-treatment and heat-stress in Transylvanian Naked Neck chicken
Authors: Tóth Roland , Szabadi Nikolett Tokodyné , Lázár Bence , Buda Kitti , Végi Barbara , Barna Judit , Várkonyi Eszter Patakiné , Liptói Krisztina , Pain Bertrand , Gocza Elen
Published: December 2020

Background

One of the most critical global problem nowadays is the increased environmental temperature. Agriculture is very susceptible to this adverse effect because the productivity of animals and poultry decreased. Although several studies reported the effects of heat-stress in chicken, the expression profile of heat-shock proteins and heat shock factors was not investigated in the gonads and germ cells of Transylvanian Naked Neck chickens.
Methods

In the first experiment, 24 hours after hatching 80 chicks were heat treated on 38.5oC ambient temperature with 60% humidity for 12 hours. After maturation, their primary productivity parameters, such as egg production, abnormalities in embryo development, sperm quantity, concentration, and motility were studied following two weeks of heat-stress on 30 °C room temperature. In the second experiment, the thermal manipulation of 60 chicks was the same but 15 treated and 15 control chicks were sacrificed immediately after the treatment. The other 15–15 chickens were raised to maturity. Expression levels for two heat-shock proteins and four heat shock factors were determined by real-time PCR in the gonads of heat-treated and heat-stressed chickens.
Results

We found that the heat-treated layers had significantly higher egg production than the control group in heat-stressed conditions. In cockerels, the sperm quality did not differ significantly between the heat-treated and heat-stressed group and the heat-stressed but not heat-treated group. We examined the expression pattern of HSPs and HSFs in the gonads. We found that the expression of HSP90 and HSF4 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in heat-treated female chick gonads but in adult females the expression of HSF2 and HSF3 were significantly lower compared to the control. In case of adult heat-treated males, the HSP70, HSF1 and HSF3 expression levels showed a significant increase in both gonads, compared to the control expression levels (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Heat shock proteins and heat-shock factors protect cells against different stressors, including heat stress. Our findings show a significant effect on egg production but not on the sperm quality after post-hatch heat treatment in heat stress condition. The presented significant differences might be related to the increased expression level of HSP90 and HSF4 in heat-treated chickens.
Almonertinib in the treatment of lung cancer with breast metastasis: a case report
Authors: Gu Xuyu , Gao Chanchan , Wang Longfei , Zheng Shiya
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma with breast metastasis is rare. In the present study, a case of an advanced patient with breast metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR 21 exon p.L858R mutation who underwent TKI-inhibitors is reported.Case presentationA 62-year-old female patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone seven times disease progress and breast metastasis in sixth time disease progress.The patient underwent left breast puncture and axillary lymph node in ultrasound-guided and the postoperative pathological diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed. And then gene detection showed EGFR 21 exon p.L858R mutation. Breast metastasis for lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and the patient are being treated with Almonertinib.ConclusionBreast metastasis is rare and lung adenocarcinoma might be the primary disease. Gene indection is important. And for lung cancer patients with recurrent pleural effusion, visit of the breast should be included in the follow-up process.
The Effects of Normal Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Alzheimer's Disease on Visual Search
Authors: Xue Chaunwei , Tang Yi , Wang Changming , Yang Haibo , Li Liang
Published: December 2020

Background: To examine the progressively developed visual-search deficiency associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: Healthy-younger adults (34), healthy-older adults (normal-aging control, NC, 30), adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, 14), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, 20), or mild AD (15) participated in this study. To determine whether 1 of 4 letters presented at 4 symmetrically-located positions differed from the other 3, when the 4 letters were masked by either other randomly positioned and oriented letters or random-pixel noise. Meanwhile, eye movements were tracked.Results: In all the participants, with the stimulus-presentation time being longer, the visual-search performance improved, and both the eye interest-area first fixation duration (IFFD) and the interest-area-fixation count (IFC) increased. Particularly under the noise-masking condition, the AD group performed the worst at stimulus-presentation times between 300 and 900 ms. The aMCI group, but not the SCD group, performed worse than the NC group at the stimulus-presentation time of either 300 or 500 ms. The IFC was higher in all the patient groups than that in the NC group, and distinguishable between participants with AD and those with SCD or aMCI. Conclusions: The visual-search performance combined with eye-moment tracking under the noise-masking condition can be used for distinguishing AD from normal aging, SCD, and aMCI.
What is the Business with AI? Preparing Future Decision Makers and Leaders
Authors: Wisniewski Helena S.
Published: December 2020

With companies now recognizing how artificial intelligence (AI), digitalization, the internet of things (IoT), and data science affect value creation and the maintenance of a competitive advantage, their demand for talented individuals with both management skills and a strong understanding
of technology will grow dramatically. There is a need to prepare and train our current and future decision makers and leaders to have an understanding of AI and data science, the significant impact these technologies are having on business, how to develop AI strategies, and the impact all
of this will have on their employees' roles. This paper discusses how business schools can fulfill this need by incorporating AI into their business curricula, not only as stand-alone courses but also integrated into traditional business sequences, and establishing interdisciplinary efforts
and collaborative industry partnerships. This article describes how the College of Business and Public Policy (CBPP) at the University of Alaska Anchorage is implementing multiple approaches to meet these needs and prepare future leaders and decision makers. These approaches include a detailed
description of CBPP's first AI course and related student successes, the integration of AI into additional business courses such as entrepreneurship and GSCM, and the creation of an AI and Data Science Lab in partnership with the College of Engineering and an investment firm.
ULUSLARARASI HUKUK KOMİSYONU’NUN “ULUSLARARASI ÖRF VE ÂDET HUKUKUNUN BELİRLENMESİNE İLİŞKİN TASLAK SONUÇLAR” METNİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ULUSLARARASI ÖRGÜTLERİN ULUSLARARASI ÖRF VE ÂDET HUKUKUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: EMİR Nergiz
Published: December 2020

Uluslararası örgütler uluslararası hukukun kişileridir. Bu uluslararası hukuk kişileri uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku kuralları ile bağlıdır. Uluslararası örgütlerin uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku kurallarının oluşturulmasına katkısı ise tartışmalıdır. Uluslararası Hukuk Komisyonu (ILC) tarafından 2018 yılında yayımlanan Uluslararası Örf ve Âdet Hukukunun Belirlenmesine İlişkin Taslak Sonuçlar belgesi bu tartışmalara önemli bir etkide bulunmuştur. ILC, uluslararası örgüt uygulamalarının bazı durumlarda uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku kurallarının oluşumuna katkı sunabileceğini düzenlemiştir. Ancak opinio juris’in tespit edilmesi noktasında uluslararası örgütlere ilişkin bir hüküm yer almamaktadır. ILC, uluslararası örgütleri uluslararası örf ve âdet hukukunun oluşumuna sınırlı ve muğlak bir biçimde dâhil etmektedir. Bu makale uluslararası örgütlerin uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku kurallarının oluşumuna etkisini doktrindeki gelişmeler ve ILC’nin konuya yaklaşımıyla birlikte incelemektedir. Uluslararası hukuki kişiliği çerçevesinde uluslararası örgütler uluslararası andlaşma akdedebilir; bunların uluslararası sorumluluğu söz konusudur ve bu örgütler çeşitli ayrıcalık ve bağışıklıklara sahiptir. Bu nedenle, uluslararası örgütlerin uluslararası örf ve âdet hukukuna da faaliyet alanlarına ilişkin hususlarda katkı sunabilmeleri gerekmektedir.
Fundamentals of analytical assessment of the secondary sector of economy
Authors: Sierova Iryna , Svydlo Hanna , Derykhovska Viktoriia , Barka Zine
Published: December 2020

Current trends in the socio-economic development of the world community have predetermined a close relationship between the parameters of the dynamics of national economies and their structural proportions. Changes in the quantitative proportions and the qualitative state of the world economy as a system determine the trend in the dynamics of the sectoral structure of the national economy. Despite the post-industrial nature of the development of countries with market economies, the source of their structural changes remains domestic economic growth, which is caused by the redistribution of capital and labor in high-tech manufacturing industries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to formulate a general scheme for the correct assessment of the secondary sector of the Ukrainian economy based on the possibility of using analytical generalizations. The object of research is the structure of the types of activities that form the secondary sector of the national economy. The dynamics of this sector is largely determined by price characteristics. Therefore, in the analysis of reproduction processes, structural proportions associated with different price elasticities are taken into account. Since the basis for the formation of the price of products is the cost of their production, and the quantitative proportions of the economy determine the setting of new strategic goals, the article traces the dynamics of the relationship of zones and states of balanced indicators that reflect the activities of an industrial group as one of the forms of business organization. Reduction of dynamics indicators to one base allows them to be compared at all levels of generalization of data and to track trends that more accurately reflect the real state of the secondary sector of the national economy.
Nebulized therapy in the COVID-19 era
Authors:   RM Analytics, Shirokova Irina , Prozherina Yuliya ,   RM Analytics
Published: December 2020

Nebulized therapy is one of the most reliable and affordable respiratory treatments for patients of all ages. Meanwhile, despite the clear advantages of nebulized therapy and the increasing recognition that it is gaining, serious disagreements have arisen concerning the feasibility of the use of nebulizers due to the risk of coronavirus infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tried to go further into the matter.
Vitamin D for the protection of immune system
Authors:   Remedium, Shirokova Irina , Prozherina Julia ,   RM Analytics
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D is the most important regulator of innate and acquired immunity. Due to a wide range of beneficial properties, it affects viral infections, reducing the risk of influenza and other respiratory diseases. Moreover, some research works showed that vitamin D can be used to help fight coronavirus infection.
Comparative analysis of business models of top pharmaceutical manufacturing companies: fifi nancial analysis
Authors:   St Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St Petersburg, Russia, Yasinskaya L.E.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Earlier, the comparative analysis of the commercial and investment activities of the companies that play the key roles in the investment processes in the Russian pharmaceutical industry and operate within the four main business models (biotechnological, generic, specialized pharmaceutical companies, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers) has been conducted. No full assessment of the companies’ activitiesis conceivable without a financial analysis of their activities to identify the risks of investment activities. Objective of the study. A detailed comparative analysis of the financial standing of domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers operating within the selected business models for further identification of potential financial risks for investors. Research procedure and article structure. Analysis of RAS statements (forms 1 and 2) of 72 over 500 million revenue companies grouped together as selected business models for the period from 2015 to 2019. Results. The researchers provided a detailed description of the commercial activities of domestic pharmaceutical companies within the business models under consideration. The companies within various business models showed positive revenue growth rates over the past five years. All business models demonstrate consistently high business profitability and a significant share of own capital in the asset profile. Conclusion. The results of the study show the stable financial standing of the pharmaceutical companies within various business models. The biotechnology sector companies that are the most attractive for investments have the highest quality financial standing. The specialized and generic companies show similar consistently strong performance. API manufacturers that the companies with relatively small revenues are actively developing and are attractive to restrained budget investors.
EFEKTIVITAS SIMULASI DRAMA MATERI SISTEM PERNAFASAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN SIKAP KREATIF SISWA
Authors: Wicaksono Banu , Widiyaningrum Priyantini
Published: December 2020

Pembelajaran simulasi drama diyakini mampu meningkatkan dan mempermudah siswa dalam mengingat suatu materi yang sulit, dan meningkatkan kreativitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas metode simulasi drama pada materi sistem pernapasan terhadap hasil belajar dan sikap kreatif siswa SMA. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan one group pre-test post-test design. Populasi penelitian ialah seluruh kelas XI MIA SMAN 12 Semarang semester genap Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel diambil dua kelas dengan teknik purposive sampling.  Kedua kelas diberi perlakuan sama yaitu dengan menerapkan metode simulasi drama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketuntasan klasikal untuk kedua kelas rata-rata 93% (kriteria sangat tinggi), nilai N-Gain berdasarkan  skor pretes - postes siswa berkategori sedang, dan aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran berkategori sangat aktif. Pembelajaran menggunakan simulasi drama juga dapat menumbuhkan sikap kreatif  siswa pada kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulasi drama efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar dan menumbuhkan sikap kreatif  siswa.
INOVASI INDO-MUDSKIPPER-BOOK BERBASIS UNITY OF SCIENCES SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Hidayat Saifullah , Raharjo Andi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada kebutuhan informasi tentang ikan gelodok bermuatan unity of science. Sumber belajar menjadi sarana alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi ikan gelodok pada perkuliahan zoology vertebrata. Tujuan dari pengembangan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan buku ikan gelodok dan menguji kualitas buku yang telah dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan buku ikan gelodok adalah Research and Development (RD) dengan model 4D (Design, Define, Develop, Disseminate) yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan tahun 1974. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli integrasi sebagai validator kelayakan buku. Validasi oleh mahasiswa sebagai respon pengguna. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase hasil validasi dari ahli materi sebesar 95%, ahli media sebesar 73%, ahli integrasi sebesar 88%. Rata-rata persentase adalah 88% yang tergolong dalam kategori sangat valid. Uji skala kecil dengan 10 mahasiswa mendapatkan persentase sebesar 89% yang menunjukkan sangat valid sehingga dapat dilanjutkan pada uji skala lebih luas. Uji skala lebih luas dengan 68 mahasiswa menunjukkan persentase sebesar 85% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa buku ikan gelodok layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar mandiri.
Comprehensive assessment and scenario simulation for the future of the hydrological processes in Dez river basin, Iran
Authors: Eini Mohammad Reza , Javadi Saman , Hashemy Shahdany Mehdy , Kisi Ozgur
Published: December 2020

Climate change is one of the leading factors that directly affect hydrological processes in large basins. This study assesses the impacts of climate change on streamflow, sediment and crop yield, actual evapotranspiration (AET), and water budget. In addition, the effects of land use and land cover (LULC) alteration with climate change on streamflow and sediment yield have been evaluated in the Dez river basin in the southwest of Iran. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) based on two scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the near period (2021–2040) are considered. Hydrological simulation is performed using the Soil and Water assessment tool (SWAT) with good performance in the calibration (1990 to 2010) and validation (2010 to 2017) periods. The precipitation and temperature projected show a major upward trend related to the base period. The results showed that climate change increases the runoff and sediments. In addition, results projected that garden crop yields would increase while agricultural crop yields would decrease. In addition, AET will face a slight decline of about 2%–6%. Combined LULC and climate change scenarios showed that with amplification of orchards areas, sediment load would decrease.
İletişimde Çözüm Odaklılık Ölçeği’nin (İÇOÖ) Geliştirilmesi, Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği
Authors: Şahin Ekrem Sedat , Derin Sümeyye
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, yetişkin bireylerin iletişimde çözüm odaklılık düzeyini belirlemeye yönelik, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çözüm odaklı yaklaşımın, iletişim diğer bir ifade ile dilin kullanımı konusuna verdiği değer incelenmiştir. İletişim, çözüm odaklı yaklaşımın merkezindedir. Çözüme yönelmede ve ulaşmada dilin kullanımı belirleyici rol oynar. Çözüm odaklı dili kullanabilmek hem günlük hayatta hem de psikolojik danışmada probleme odaklanmak yerine çözüme odaklanmayı kolaylaştırabilir. Bu nedenlerle, çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan İletişimde Çözüm Odaklılık Ölçeği’nin (İÇOÖ) geliştirilmesi sürecinde; 18 yaş ve üzerinde, elverişli/ uygun örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılan, 237 erkek ve 226 kadın; toplam 463 yetişkin birey ile çalışılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlilik çalışması kapsamında kaynak tarama, uzman görüşü alma, pilot uygulama ve yapı geçerliliğini inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliği kapsamında 223 bireyden elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 Programında Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. AFA sonucunda ölçeğin 17 madde ve üç faktörden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. AFA’nın ardından ölçek yeniden farklı bir yetişkin grubuna uygulanmıştır. Bu uygulama sonucunda 182 yetişkinin verisiyle Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. DFA’da uyum indeksi değerleri ise RMSEA= .068 CFI= .92, IFI= .92, GFI=.88, AGFI=.83 olarak bulunmuş ve DFA sonucunda ölçeğin 17 maddeli ve üç alt ölçekli yapıda, kabul edilebilir uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İÇOÖ’nün güvenilirliği Cronbach Alfa (iç tutarlılık) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin hesaplanan Cronbach Alfa katsayısı .87’dir. Bu değer, ölçeğin yüksek düzeyde güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, yapılan analizler İÇOÖ’nün 18 yaş ve üzerindeki yetişkin bireylerin iletişimde çözüm odaklılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Resistance to Intervention: Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dan Vipin Mohan , Raveendran Reji Saradha , Baby Sabulal
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer in women globally, and contributes to the highest percentage of mortality due to cancer-related deaths in women. Paclitaxel (PTX) is heavily relied on as a frontline chemotherapy drug in breast cancer treatment, especially in advanced metastatic cancer. Generation of resistance to PTX often derails clinical management and adversely affects patient outcomes. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PTX resistance is necessary to device methods to aid in overcoming the resistance. Recent studies exploring the mechanism of development of PTX resistance have led to unveiling of a range novel therapeutic targets. PTX resistance pathways that involve major regulatory proteins/RNAs like RNF8/Twist/ROR1, TLR, ErbB3/ErbB2, BRCA1- IRIS, MENA, LIN9, MiRNA, FoxM1 and IRAK1 have expanded the complexity of resistance mechanisms, and brought newer insights into the development of drug targets. These resistance-related targets can be dealt with synthetic/natural therapeutics in combination with PTX. The present review encompasses the recent understanding of PTX resistance mechanisms in breast cancer and possible therapeutic combinations to overcome resistance.