bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposal for a qualification system for New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in the food and feed sector: example of implementation for nanomaterial risk assessment
Authors: Haase Andrea , Barroso João , Bogni Alessia , Bremer‐Hoffmann Susanne , Fessard Valerie , Gutleb Arno C. , Mast Jan , McVey Emily , Mertens Birgit , Oomen Agnes G. , Ritz Vera , Serchi Tommaso , Siewert Katherina , Stanco Deborah , Usmani Shirin M. , Verleysen Eveline , Vincentini Olimpia , van der Zande Meike , Cubadda Francesco
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plenty of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for risk assessment have been developed but only some are included in OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) for regulatory implementation. Nevertheless, NAMs are increasingly applied, e.g. for nanomaterial (NM) risk assessments. The EFSA Guidance on NM risk assessment suggests that NAM‐derived data concerning degradation/dissolution (in relevant biofluids), intestinal uptake/crossing, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, (pro‐)inflammatory potential and barrier integrity, for many of which no OECD TGs exist, have to be evaluated first. Consequently, NM risk assessments involve data from non‐guideline studies, requiring time‐consuming and challenging case‐by‐case evaluations. Establishing an OECD TG is a formal process aiming for international use according to the Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD). However, not every promising NAM can be prioritised for OECD TGs. A qualification, based on an expert opinion, may enable an efficient use of adequate NAMs for a specific context‐of‐use. Furthermore, it supports the optimisation of promising NAMs for regulatory applications. Existing qualification systems operate in the context of e.g., drug development tools (FDA) and research and development into pharmaceuticals (EMA). The NAMS4NANO consortium was tasked to propose a generic framework for a qualification system for chemical risk assessment in the food and feed sector to speed up the regulatory use of NAMs. Here we describe our proposal including the process and evaluation criteria. A detailed test method description, preferably as standard operating procedures (SOPs), describing the set‐up of the NAM including its application and evaluation phase is crucial. Furthermore, the scientific validity, i.e. its reliability and relevance for the context‐of‐use, needs to be demonstrated, for which we suggest a less rigorous process compared to OECD TGs. We propose to initially establish a qualification system for NM risk assessment, aligned with the EFSA framework. This document is an interim version to stipulate a broader discussion among experts and stakeholders.
Contextualisation of medical education innovations in a resource-limited country: A case study from Cambodia
Authors: Lim Sengkhoun , Vilhem Steve , Cheab Sambath , Goldman Laura , Nhem Aklinn , Ith Ponndara , Bounchan Youttiroung
Published: September 2024

Introduction: There is a global call for transforming medical education to meet evolving healthcare needs. However, navigating the challenges of educational change in resource-limited contexts requires key stakeholders, from leaders to educators and students, to adopt innovative approaches. This paper presents practical examples of such innovations from the University of Health Sciences (UHS) in Cambodia’s experiences, followed by discussions on enabled and hindered factors of their initiation, implementation, and sustainability. This paper also aims to inspire future medical education innovations.
Methods: This paper relied on internal document reviews, including strategic plans, project proposals & planning, course syllabi, and evaluation reports, and the collective working experiences of co-authors in initiating, implementing, and leading these innovations.
Results: Three innovative projects at UHS illustrated how creative ideas are put into practice, including (1) The elective International Programme (IP) with a dual objective of training local trainers while preparing students for international mobility, (2) The Master of Health Professions Education (MHPE), a cost-effective faculty development programme delivered in-person at UHS campus by faculty of a university partner, and (3) Peer-assisted Learning (PAL), a student-led initiative to promote learning skills.
Conclusion: Medical education innovations are needed in resource-limited contexts. The success of these initiatives resulted from multi-factors, notably long-term strategic planning, supportive leadership, active partnerships, policy commitment, local champions, resourcefulness, and student engagement. The late adoption of technology-enhanced learning, the necessity for robust faculty development programmes, and early investment in student leaders, coupled with post-graduate retention planning, represent challenges that present strategic opportunities.
Traits of effective clinical educators: Perspectives of physiotherapy students and educators
Authors: Ong Nicole Huiyi , Kwok Boon Chong , Aman Siti Munirah , Macabasco Steven Michael Dans , Wong Wai Pong
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Clinical practice education is an important curriculum in developing physiotherapy students to professionals. This curriculum is largely dependent on clinical educators. Although traits of effective clinical educators had been studied in Western population, it was unclear if the Asian population would yield similar traits. Hence, we studied perspectives of students and academic educators to identify top five core traits of an effective clinical educator. The findings will then help guide policy development for clinical educator training and development.
Methods: A survey was circulated to physiotherapy students and academic educators through convenience sampling. We studied 16 traits – enthusiasm, availability, clarity, clinical competence / knowledge, feedback skills, organisational skills, professionalism, well prepared, scholarly activity, non-judgemental, respect students’ autonomy / independence, sincerity, listening skills, evidence-based practice, role model, and awareness of students’ learning needs.
Results: The top five traits identified by students and academic educators were similar in four traits – clinical competency / knowledge, clarity, feedback skills, and enthusiasm, and differed in the choice of “non-judgemental” by students and “awareness of students’ learning needs” by academic educators. Interestingly, when the top six traits were considered instead of five, students and academic educators identified the same traits but in different ranked orders.
Conclusion: The study found six common core traits of an effective clinical educator from the perspectives of students and academic educators. Continuing education development for clinical educators should focus on these six traits prior to other 10 sub-traits.

Keywords: Training, Development, Education, Allied Health, Entrustable Professional Activities, Mentoring
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL ADS AND E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS ON REACHING TARGET AUDIENCE
Authors: M G Dr. Lakshmipathaiah
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of digital ads and e-commerce platforms in reaching target audiences, with a focus on key performance metrics. Utilizing a descriptive research methodology and a sample of 200 respondents from various megastores in Mysuru City, the research employed ANOVA and homogeneity tests to analyze data collected through structured questionnaires. Findings reveal that Perceived Value and User Experience significantly influence Ad Effectiveness, while factors like Consumer Engagement and Brand Awareness show limited impact. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced value propositions and improved user interfaces in digital ads. Recommendations include optimizing ad recall strategies and refining content to better engage the target audience. These insights offer valuable guidance for marketers aiming to enhance digital advertising efficacy and e-commerce performance.
AESTHETICS AND IMPLICATIONS OF HADOTI SCHOOL OF PAINTING: AN EVALUATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIBRANT REFLECTION OF THE RAJPUT STYLE OF PAINTING
Authors: Nogia Harshita
Published: September 2024

This forum explores the ways in which the Hadoti School of Painting, more than other forms of art, reflects the love of chromatic expression. Hadoti paintings, which are known for their strong lines and vibrant colours, effectively contrast with the vigor and strength of Rajasthani paintings' characterization. Rajasthan's topography is characterised by dramatic contrasts, from the wealthy black soil and environment of Malwa to the river Chambal, the verdant eastern region, and the nearly unending dry desert of Western Rajasthan. These landscapes are strikingly colourful and fascinating. The brave and courageous people of Rajasthan have always maintained their resilient spirit despite living in a place with harsh weather and geographical conditions. For Rajasthanis, colour is an integral aspect of daily existence. The tone is an important symbol of the rigorous spirit in its arts and architecture, in its clothing and costumes, and in its rites and rituals. Perhaps Hadoti has a distinct style but the common trait is, it called Rajasthan Style of painting constructs Rajasthan as rich in colour and united with culture.
COMPARAÇÃO DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE ADOLESCENTES ESTUDANTES DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE ENSINO MÉDIO DA ZONA URBANA COM O CONSUMO ALIMENTAR EM SUA RESIDÊNCIA NA ZONA RURAL
Authors: Silva Ana Keyla Oliveira da , Silva Rui Barreto da
Published: September 2024

O consumo alimentar dos adolescentes são influenciados e definidos principalmente a partir do que eles vivenciam em suas casas e em outros locais onde também fazem refeições como é o caso da escola. A fase da adolescência, período de intensas mudanças e de definições, fase entre dez e dezenove anos, é um período da vida caracterizado por intensas transformações psicológicas, biológicas, e sociais que contribuem para a vulnerabilidade característica desse grupo populacional. Entre estas definições talvez possa estar incluído os gostos alimentares, as preferências em relação ao que ingerir nas refeições e lanches. Considerando essa fase de transformações e definições é importante verificar como os adolescentes moradores da zona rural que estuda na zona urbana constroem os seus hábitos alimentares: o que comem, o que gostam de comer, o que não gostam, o que gostaria de comer, o que eles consideram que interferiram nesses gostos, qual a contribuição dos alimentos presentes em suas casas, ou dos alimentos presentes na merenda escolar. E é isso que objetivo geral da pesquisa busca. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com jovens adolescentes que moram na zona rural e que estudam em uma pública na zona urbana. Foram feitas entrevistas com uma amostragem desses alunos através da aplicação de questionários com perguntas de múltiplas escolhas e também perguntas abertas. Foi possível perceber, a partir dos resultados, o que os alunos mais consomem em casa e na escola, como também identificar o que é menos consumido por eles. A partir dos resultados são apresentadas propostas viáveis de melhoramento do consumo alimentar desses alunos.
INCLUSÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: SUPERANDO OS DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS POR UNIVERSITÁRIOS COM TDAH – TRANSTORNO DO DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO COM HIPERATIVIDADE
Authors: Freire Edileuza Lima , Sousa Léa Barbosa de , Sousa Rayane Morais de , Silva Graça Maria de Morais Aguiar e
Published: September 2024

Este ensaio analítico tem como objetivo explorar os obstáculos enfrentados pelos universitários com TDAH e discutir estratégias eficazes para superá-los, promovendo uma educação inclusiva e de qualidade para todos os estudantes. O TDAH geralmente se manifesta durante a infância, no entanto, se não for tratado é perceptível na fase adulta. Uma das principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelas universidades com TDAH é a falta de compreensão e apoio por parte dos professores e colegas. Muitas vezes, os sintomas do TDAH, como dificuldade de concentração, impulsividade e desorganização, são interpretados erroneamente como falta de interesse ou comprometimento por parte do estudante, o que pode levar à estigmatização e discriminação. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa, serão realizadas revisões bibliográficas em bases de dados acadêmicos, bem como consultas a artigos científicos, livros e documentos oficiais sobre o tema. Para embasamento teórico será utilizados autores como Gil (1999); Dos Santos (2020); Porto (2018); Oliveira (2016), entre outros autores que contribuíram com a escrita desse ensaio. A inclusão só acontecerá quando todas as pessoas compreenderem que aprendemos constantemente uns com os outros e não importa as limitações.
A LEITURA E SUAS FACETAS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO
Authors: Nunes Ginete Cavalcante , Medeiros Elyskarien Ferreira Rosendo , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: September 2024

É importante ressaltar sobre as questões que envolvem ensino- aprendizagem da leitura, em que este processo deve ser instigante e indispensável para a vida do educando, já que os primeiros anos da vida escolar do aluno são dedicados ao aprendizado da leitura. A literatura em sala de aula é um ato de comunicação e interação que permite descobrir, criar e interagir com a realidade e com o mundo, ou seja, leva a criança expor suas ideias e a prepara para um leitor critico e construtivo. Formar, por meio da leitura crítica e engajada, indivíduos que questionem a realidade, buscando, assim, transformar a sociedade num ambiente mais justo, vem despontando como um desafio e algo extremamente desejável por parte de professores e educadores. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o processo de formação do leitor literário no ambiente escolar, perante a atuação docente. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em diferentes recortes científicos (livros, revistas, artigos, com publicação na internet).
Sørena Kierkegaarda pojęcie lęku
Authors: Gazda Paweł Eugeniusz
Published: September 2024

In Either/Or Søren Kierkegaard introduced the concept of absolute choice, and them in Fear and Trembling he wrote a lot about the leap of faith, nevertheless neither Judge Wilhelm nor Johannes de Silentio gave the motive that could have brought a particular man to make the choice of his own self in order to have an authentic life. For this reason – as Vigilius Haufniensis – Kierkegaard wrote The Concept of Anxiety to answer the following questions: what prompts a man to choose himself? is it something that impels him “from the outside”? or maybe – some "internal" persecutory power? and what testifies to the man the possibility of making such a choice? Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the Kierkegaard's concept of anxiety (in the context of his interpretation of the Fall of First Man) as the main condition and the explanation of the absolute choice.
Review: A. Siemieniewski and M. Kiwka, Christian Charismatic Movements: Threat or Promise?, Vandenhock & Ruprecht Verlage, Göttingen 2021, ss. 353.
Authors: Marciniak Michał
Published: September 2024

This article is a review of the book by A. Siemieniewski and M. Kiwka titled Christian Charismatic Movements: Threat or Promise?, published in 2021 in Göttingen by the publishing house Vandenhock & Ruprecht Verlage.
Principali commenti medievali alla messa romana fino al XII secolo: autori e tipologia
Authors: Celiński Łukasz
Published: September 2024

In the 9th century, thanks to the work of Amalarius of Metz, a new type of liturgical source, known today as the allegorical commentary on the liturgy, was born. Although culturally and methodologically very distant from us, allegorical commentaries, in addition to witnessing the history of the method of interpreting the liturgy, are also valuable sources of the ritual structure of the Roman Mass after the Carolingian reform and before the creation of the complete missal in the 13th century. This paper offers a concise look at the main medieval commentaries on the Mass, compiled by the end of the 12th century, paying special attention to their authors as well as the type of Mass they described.
Murathan Mungan'ın Öz Yaşamına Yaratıcı Drama ile Bakmak
Authors: Demir Senem , Adıgüzel Ömer
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada yaratıcı drama atölyeleriyle Murathan Mungan’ın yaşamı ve edebi birikimi arasındaki ilişkinin katılımcılar tarafından belirlenmesi ve sorgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Atölyeler yazarın “Paranın Cinleri” ve “Harita Metod Defteri” adlı kitaplarındaki dramatik durumlardan yola çıkılarak hazırlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilmiş araştırmada veriler gözlem ve odak grup görüşmeleri ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada on temadan oluşan görüşme planlanmış, atölyelerden elde edilen değerlendirme çıktıları ile araştırmacının gözlem notları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular yazarın çocukluğundan itibaren hayal dünyasının geniş ve iyi bir gözlemci olduğunu göstermektedir. Yazarın güçlü bir kişiliğe sahip olması, yeteneği, sanata olan merakı ve arzusu bir yaşantı zenginliğini oluşturmuştur. Yaratıcı drama yöntemi ile katılımcılar kendi yaşamlarını yazarın yaşantıları ile karşılaştırarak değerlendirebilmektedir. Yaratıcı drama yönteminden biyografi çalışmalarında yararlanılabilir. Katılımcıların yaratıcı drama yöntemi ile yazmaya ve okumaya dönük istek ve heyecanlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Automatisches Folgen von Personen und Gestensteuerung für einen mobilen Roboter mithilfe von bildbasierter menschlicher Posenerkennung
Authors: Zhang Dingzhi , Irlinger Franz , Lüth Tim C.
Published: September 2024

Die Komplexität der Robotersteuerung und des Bedienkonzeptes steht
oft einer schnellen Verbreitung des Robotereinsatzes im Alltag
entgegen. In diesem Beitrag werden intuitive Bedienmethoden für einen
mobilen Roboter vorgestellt, wie das automatische Folgen des
Benutzers und die Gestensteuerung unter Verwendung von bildbasierter
menschlicher Posenerkennung. Die Positionsbestimmung des Benutzers
relativ zum Roboter mittels Posenerkennung wird aus geometrischen
Beziehungen abgeleitet. Außerdem wird in diesem Beitrag das
Trainieren eines individuellen Posenklassifikators für die Gestensteuerung
vorgestellt.

Automatic Human Following and Gesture Control for a Mobile
Robot using Vision-Based Human Pose Estimation
The complexity of robot control and operation is often an obstacle to the
widespread use of robots in everyday life. This paper presents intuitive
control methods for a mobile robot, such as automatic human following
and gesture control using vision-based human pose estimation. The
determination of the user's position relative to the robot using pose
estimation is derived from geometric relationships. This work also
describes the training of a custom pose classifier for gesture control.
Entwurf eines Koppelgetriebes für die stufenlose Höhenverstellung einer landwirtschaftlichen Stelzradzugmaschine
Authors: Konradt Robert , Schmidt Stephan , Frasch Sebastian , Scholz Andreas
Published: September 2024

Biologische Pflanzenschutzmittel sind in der Landwirtschaft häufig nur
wirkungsvoll einsetzbar, wenn die zu schützenden Kulturen bereits
hochstehend sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist ein Traktorkonzept mit
hoher Bodenfreiheit entwickelt und prototypisch aufgebaut worden.
Dessen Alleinstellungsmerkmal sind vier ebene Koppelgetriebe, die eine
stufenlose Höhenverstellung der einzelnen Stelzen ermöglichen. Der
Antrieb der Koppelgetriebe erfolgt durch jeweils einen Hydraulikzylinder.

Design of a mechanical linkage for the continuous height
adjustment of an agricultural high clearance tractor
Biological plant protection can often only be used effectively in
agriculture if the crops to be protected have already grown high. In this
setting, we have developed and built a prototype of a high clearance
tractor. Its unique feature are four planar linkages, which allow for a
continuous height adjustment of the individual stilts using hydraulic
cylinders.
Entwicklung eines Drahtfördersystems für Drähte mit sehr kleinem Durchmesser
Authors: Schnabel Pascal , Letsch Holger , Berger Maik
Published: September 2024

Beim gepulsten Laserstrahlschweißen kleiner Baugruppen erfolgt in
vielen Fällen die Zugabe eines drahtförmigen Zusatzwerkstoffes zum
Vermehren der Schmelze. Die derzeit existierenden automatisierten
Drahtzuführsysteme versagen bei Drahtdurchmessern unter 0,3 mm und
die Drahtförderung ist nur noch händisch möglich. Dieser Artikel beschreibt
den Entwicklungsprozess eines auf einem Riementrieb basierenden
Drahtvorschubsystems, das die Grenzen des Stands der
Technik überwindet. Hierfür wird die Entwicklung des Lösungskonzeptes
bis zum ersten funktionsfähigen Prototyp vorgestellt.

Development of a precision wire feeder for small diameter wire
Pulsed laser beam welding of small assemblies often involves the
addition of a wire-shaped filler material to increase the melt. The existing
automated wire feeding systems fail with wire diameters below 0,3 mm
and wire feeding is only possible manually. This article describes the
development process of a wire feed system based on a belt drive that
overcomes the limitations of the state of the art. The development of the
solution concept up to the first functional prototype is presented, highlighting
key challenges and solutions.
Erzeugung von Polygonprofilen für Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen
Authors: Bäsel Uwe
Published: September 2024

Polygonprofile werden als formschlüssige Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen
eingesetzt. Die Geometrie der speziellen Polygonprofile P3G und P4C
ist in den Normen DIN 32711-1 und DIN 32712-2 festgelegt. Historisch
erfolgte die Fertigung von Polygonprofilen auf speziellen Werkzeugmaschinen.
Ausgehend von der Definition der Profile werden in diesem
Artikel mehrere kinematische Fertigungsvarianten hergeleitet und diskutiert,
wobei sich insbesondere auch bekannte Varianten ergeben.
Abschließend wird zum Vergleich kurz auf die CNC-Fertigung von Polygonprofilen
eingegangen.

Generation of polygon profiles for shaft-hub connections
Polygon profiles are used as form-fit shaft-hub connections. The geometry
of the special polygon profiles P3G and P4C is defined in the
German industrial standards DIN 32711-1 and DIN 32712-2. Historically,
polygon profiles were manufactured on special machine tools. Based
on the definition of the profiles, several kinematic generation variants
are derived and discussed in this article, whereby known variants arise
in particular. Finally, the CNC manufacturing of polygon profiles is briefly
discussed for comparison.
A study of genetic diversity of Brassica rapa L. accessions from the VIR collection by analyzing DNA polymorphism in microsatellite loci
Authors: Berensen F. A.
Published: September 2024

The species Brassica rapa L. includes leafy and root crops grown in many countries of the world. Clarification of genetic relationships and population structure allows for a more accurate parental line selection for further breeding using genetically distinct forms. The B. rapa collection maintained at VIR contains 1750 accessions representing different subspecies and countries of origin, and it is a good tool for studying the diversity of cultivated forms using molecular genetic methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity and clarify the relationships within the B. rapa species using molecular markers. Molecular screening of 80 accessions using 16 microsatellite markers revealed alleles ranging in size from 85 to 460 bp with an average of 7.8 alleles per locus. The average polymorphic index content (PIC) was 0.278, and the expected heterozygosity (H) averaged was 0.35. Rare and unique alleles were identified for Beijing cabbage (k-63 and k-108), Japanese leafy vegetables (k-217 and k-335) and turnip (k-738) samples. Alleles of SSR loci BRMS-007 (123 bp) and BRMS-034 (136 bp) were identified, which are characteristic only of accessions of turnips, rapeseed and sarsons. In silico analysis of primer pairs was performed to clarify the sizes of expected fragments relative to the reference genome CAAS_Brap_v3.01 of Chinese cabbage line Chiifu-401-42. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program and resulted in the distribution of accessions into four clusters according to botanical classification: Chinese cabbage; pakchoi, tatsoi; Japanese leafy vegetables, wutacai, tsoisum, mizuna and mibuna (kyona) and hybrid forms; turnip and rape accessions.
Javnost zemljišne knjige i zaštita osobnih podataka
Authors: Ernst Hano , Josipović Tatjana
Published: September 2024

Rad analizira različite kontekste ostvarivanja javnosti i zaštite osobnih podataka u zemljišnoknjižnom sustavu. Članak se nastavlja na raniji rad koji se bavio zaštitom osobnih podataka u kontekstu funkcija zemljišnih knjiga i problemu pristupa segmentirano iz četiri različita aspekta: aspekta predmeta publiciranja, aspekta uvida, aspekta pretraživanja i iz aspekta korištenja osobnih podataka. Predmet publiciranja otvara problem koji se osobni podaci trebaju publicirati kroz zemljišnoknjižni sustav. Uvid u zemljišnu knjigu otvara problem tko treba imati pravo na uvid u koje publicirane podatke i na koji način se uvid treba konkretno ostvarivati. Pretraživanje zemljišnih knjiga otvara pak problem po kojim kriterijima se zemljišna knjiga treba moći pretraživati i tko treba moći koristiti koji kriterij pretraživanja. Konačno, korištenje otvara problem kako se trebaju koristiti podaci u koje je uvid ostvaren. Rad je strukturiran po opisanim aspektima u četiri odgovarajuća dijela, uz zaključak koji sintetizira rezultate i naglašava da je strah od potencijalne zloupotrebe javnosti zemljišnih knjiga neopravdan, jer je postojeće uređenje, koje ne pristupa svim problemima na isti način, adekvatno uravnotežilo zaštitu pravne sigurnosti sudionika u pravnom prometu nekretninama i zaštitu njihovih osobnih podataka publiciranih u zemljišnoknjižnom sustavu, slijedom čega isto treba zadržati uz odgovarajuće izmjene koje bi na jasniji i potpuniji način uredile još uvijek sporna pitanja.
Instrumenti Europske unije stvoreni u pandemijskom razdoblju
Authors: Pisačić Viktorija
Published: September 2024

Pandemija prouzročena bolešću COVID-19 se negativno odrazila na gospodarstvo država članica Europske unije. Kako bi što prije potaknula njihov oporavak, Unija je usvojila brojne mjere iz područja financijskog prava u čijem su središtu plan oporavka NextGenerationEU, program SURE i aktivacija opće klauzule o izbjegavanju Pakta o stabilnosti i rastu. Kako bi prikupila sredstva za realizaciju plana oporavka NGEU-a, Unija se zadužila na tržištima kapitala. Budući da će se NGEU financirati putem zaduživanja, Unija je najavila stvaranje novih vlastitih sredstava kako bi osigurala podmirenje duga koji će iznositi više od 800 milijardi eura. Navedene mjere predstavljaju novi aspekt fiskalnih odnosa Unije i država članica te će se u radu prikazati tijek njihovog nastanka, zatim njihovi pravni temelji te zaključno, njihovo značenje za promjene u sustavu fiskalnog federalizma Unije.
Pengaruh Romantic Attachment dan Peer Group terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Remaja Disabilitas Rungu di DIY
Authors: Anwar M Syaeful , Noormiyanto Faiz
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya minat belajar pada remaja disabilitas rungu yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh Romantic attachment dan peer group. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh romantic attachment dan peer group terhadap minat belajar pada remaja disabilitas rungu di DIY. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner sebagai alat ukur dengan tekntik analisi data menggunakan teknik statistik regresi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh romantic attachment terhadap minat belajar. Setiap kenaikan dalam romantic attachment mengurangi minat belajar dengan kontribusi sebesar 38.3%. Peer group juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat belajar. Dukungan dari teman sebaya meningkatkan minat belajar dengan kontribusi sebesar 39.5%. Secara simultan, romantic attachment dan peer group memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat belajar dengan kombinasi kedua faktor tersebut yaitu 62.41%.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hubungan romantis dan dukungan kelompok sebaya berperan penting dalam meningkatkan minat belajar pada remaja disabilitas rungu
Penerapan Media Komik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemula Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Irnawati Irnawati , Uswatun Din Azwar , Nurmeta Irna Khaleda
Published: September 2024

Kemampuan membaca merupakan fondasi krusial bagi pelajar tingkat dasar, dan komik kini diakui sebagai media yang dapat membantu untuk mengembangkan keterampilan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlasaan media komik dan mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan membaca siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang diterapkan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua tahapan siklus, mencakup fase perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan Refleksi. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan adanya progres dalam kemampuan membaca pemula siswa di SDN Cilengo melalui penggunaan media komik. Pada siklus pertama, 50% siswa (16 dari 32) berhasil melampaui nilai KKM dengan rerata 71,91. Siklus kedua menunjukkan peningkatan substansial dimana 87,5% siswa (28 dari 32) mencapai nilai di atas KKM dengan rerata 83,44. Pengamatan terhadap aktivitas guru dan siswa juga menunjukkan perbaikan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Bahwa  media komik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemula siswa sekolah dasar
Neonatal hypoglycemia: analytical review
Authors: Raykina E. N. , Bolmasova A. V. , Pankratova M. S. , Bezlepkina O. B.
Published: September 2024

Neonatal Hypoglycemia (NH) is one of the most frequent metabolic abnormalities, occurs in the neonatal period, affecting up to 15% of healthy neonates. The definition of NH remains controversial due to the lack of significant correlations between glucose levels blood glucose levels, clinical symptoms, and long-term outcomes. Some approaches define NH on the basis of clinical symptoms, others on the basis of plasma glucose levels. Because of this, there are currently no uniform recommendations on indications for glycemic fixation, reference values and critical glycemic thresholds. In recent years anumber of clinical recommendations for NH in different countries. Thus, the definition of clinically significant hypoglycemia remains one of the most confusing and controversial issues in modern neonatology. We analyzed the available clinical guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia for the period from 2015 to the present, as well as the available dilemmas of clinical management of children with NH.
Vocabulary, comprehension and retelling in multilingual children: age and input tell the whole story
Authors: Pino Escobar Gloria , Escudero Paola
Published: September 2024

Heritage languages (HL) are spoken in most households, yet developmental trajectories beyond vocabulary are mostly represented by monolingual children. We tested 53 4-year-olds (26 HL multilingual from heterogeneous ethnicities, 27 monolinguals, 29 females) on English receptive vocabulary and oral discourse skills (story comprehension and retelling). Using Bayesian modelling we found that age and amount of English input predicted vocabulary, comprehension, and retelling skills, with monolingual children exhibiting an age-sensitive advantage in receptive vocabulary and retelling but not in comprehension. Multilingual children demonstrated comparable linguistic skills to those of monolingual peers, even when mostly exposed to their HL. Crucially, increments in English input with age led to monolingual-like proficiency in multilingual children. We discuss the implications of our findings for children’s lifespan multilingualism.
Statistical Study of Drug Overdose Fatalities
Authors: Ula Shafin
Published: September 2024

The presence of various different drugs in society, although some with good intent, contributes greatly to the number of deaths in the United States. Drug overdose deaths, the most common form of drug death with over 100,000 deaths, has been recorded as steadily increasing in the United States every year with many states reporting up to 20% increases in number of deaths from previous years. More Research is needed on this compounding issue from the social and statistical perspectives to help mitigate this societal challenge. To aid these efforts, this study provides a thorough overview of many crucial contributing factors to the issue of drug overdose deaths through a statistical and data visualization perspective and serves baseline for further research and data analysis on this problem.
Parenting behavior as the result of a decision-making process
Authors: Aks Isabel R. , Patel Herry , Pelham William E.
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a new paradigm for studying parenting behavior. We argue that parenting behavior can fruitfully be conceptualized as the result of a decision-making process. When faced with a decision point, parents appraise choices in light of decision factors and decide which parenting behavior to perform. This “parenting-as-decision-making” (PaDM) paradigm is historically absent and forges an untapped connection between the science of parenting and the cognitive science of decision-making, pointing to new ideas, evidence, and methods of use for studying parenting.
Hyperpartisan News
Authors: de León Ernesto
Published: September 2024

This entry explores hyperpartisan news, a contentious aspect of the contemporary media landscape characterised by its overt political bias and confrontational style. Unlike traditional news outlets, hyperpartisan platforms prioritise advocacy over objectivity, fueling polarising narratives and fostering anti-establishment sentiments. They often frame societal issues as battles between 'the people' and entrenched elites, amplifying populist rhetoric. This entry shows how hyperpartisan news intersects with broader issues of misinformation, toxicity, and conspiracy theories online. These sites are implicated in disseminating misleading information, often perpetuating hateful discourse and endorsing conspiracy theories, particularly during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, this entry sheds light on the latest research revealing who the public for these news media is, providing a reflection as to why individuals seek out and engage with this type of news content.
Still no evidence that late-sighted individuals rely more on color for object recognition: Reply to Vogelsang et al.
Authors: Wallis Thomas , Wallis Thomas S. A. , Martin Joshua Michael
Published: September 2024

We thank Vogelsang et al. for their reply [1] to our critique [2]. However, we remain unconvinced that the experimental data presented in their paper supports their claim. First, applying a non-parametric test to the differences in percent correct, as in their reply, does not solve the ceiling problem. Second, there is indeed enough data to apply more appropriate models that assume binomial rather than Gaussian errors; these models provide evidence for the nullhypothesis. Third, we note a design issue that undermines the causal inferences that can be drawn from the experimental data. Based on these statistical and design considerations, we reiterate that in our view, the empirical data do not support the claim that object recognition in Prakash patients is more impaired by color removal than controls.
Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Peer Coaches in the Real World of Elementary Schools: A Multi-Informant, Community Science Approach
Authors: Cappella Elise , DeShazer Madeline R , Park Christine , Neal Jennifer Watling , Exner-Cortens Deinera , Owens Julie Sarno
Published: September 2024

Coaching can increase elementary school teachers’ implementation of evidence-based classroom practices, including equity-centered or culturally-responsive practices. However, coaching by personnel external to schools is an expensive, non-sustainable resource. Community science principles and social network research suggest the potential of influential peer leaders in schools to accelerate implementation. As part of a multi-year project to develop and evaluate tools to help teachers use evidence-based, equity-focused positive behavioral support strategies in K-5 classrooms, we examine a school-partnered, network-informed process for identifying peer coaches, educator satisfaction with this process, and how feedback influenced process modifications. Educators in various roles (n = 85) from three elementary schools in two Central Ohio districts completed social network nomination and satisfaction surveys and interviews; research-practice partnership meeting records and field notes were analyzed. Findings suggest that a network-informed process to identify peer coaches provides added value over other coach selection methods but requires flexible application due to the unique, changing nature of school contexts (e.g., staff roles, turnover). We discuss the promise of harnessing teacher networks to identify peer coaches to fit the real-world contexts of elementary schools and meet the goal of accessible coaching and, ultimately, more equitable and supportive school environments for all students.
Evolving choice hysteresis in reinforcement learning: comparing the adaptive value of positivity bias and gradual perseveration
Authors: Hoxha Isabelle , Sperber Léo , Palminteri Stefano
Published: September 2024

The tendency of repeating past choices more often than expected from the history of outcomes has been repeatedly empirically observed in reinforcement learning experiments. It can be explained by at least two computational processes: asymmetric update and (gradual) choice perseveration. A recent meta-analysis showed that both mechanisms are detectable in human reinforcement learning. However, while their descriptive value seems to be well established, they have not been compared regarding their possible adaptive value. In this study, we address this gap by simulating reinforcement learning agents in a variety of environments with a new variant of an evolutionary algorithm. Our results show that positivity bias (in the form of asymmetric update) is evolutionary stable in many situations, while the emergence of gradual perseveration is less systematic and robust. Overall, our results illustrate that biases can be adaptive and selected by evolution, in an environment-specific manner.
Phytotoxic effect of Carica papaya extract on seed-borne fungus of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst ex. A. Rich. Harms) seeds
Authors:   Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State, Nigeria., Iwuagwu C. C.* , Eze P. A. ,   Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
Published: September 2024

Extracts of many higher plants have been reported to exhibit antifungal properties under laboratory experiments. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effect of Carica papaya plant extracts on the African Yam Bean seed-borne pathogen. The seed health test of African Yam Bean was carried out using the blotter paper method. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Test of plant extract for inhibition of radial growth of seed-borne pathogen of African yam bean was studied under in vitro experiment at 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations with 0% as the control. The design was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The test plant extracts of different concentrations were added into Petri dishes containing molten-sterilized Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and swayed gently on the laboratory bench to allow an even mixture These were allowed to gel. Then nine millimeter discs of a seven-day pure culture of Aspergillus flavus were aseptically placed on the centre of the Petri dishes containing the SDA-extract mixture. Records on the radial inhibition effect of the test plant extract were kept for further analysis. Data on radial inhibition of fungus were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus were isolated from incubated African Yam Bean seeds. Carica papaya leaf extract used was very effective and the higher the concentrations of extract, the more effective in the inhibition of radial growth of the test fungus. It could therefore be recommended that farmers should always conduct viability tests on procured seeds before planting. Farmers should rather use plant extract such as the one used in this experiment in controlling seed-borne fungal pathogens of African Yam Bean seeds than synthetic fungicides.
Transforaminal Epidural Injection with Local Anesthesia and Steroid for Single-level Radiculopathy and Pain Score: A Prospective Study in the Tertiary Center of Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sabin , Karki Prateek , Shrestha Dinesh Kumar , Yogi Sushil , Kandel Sandip
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Radiculopathy resulting from prolapse of intervertebral disc commonly at L4-L5 and L5-S1, the prominent cause of low back pain affecting daily activities and has a significant socioeconomic burden. Hence, this needs to be addressed with a prominent solution, of which, the transforaminal epidural steroid injection has been one of the promising solutions these days.
Aims: To assess the short term and long-term pain relief after transforaminal epidural steroid injection.
Methods: 58 patients with radiculopathy at the single level of the lumbar or lumbosacral region were included for transforaminal epidural steroid injection with local anesthesia. Visual analog score, pain score was recorded before, in 15 minutes and four weeks after the steroid injection under C-arm guidance. Statistical analysis was done on the basis of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Spearman’s correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically.
Results: The change in Visual Analog Score from the time of presentation in relation to short and long term was significant, viz; VAS0 VAS15m p<0.5 and VAS0/VAS4wks was p<0.5. There was a positive correlation between immediate pain relief and long-term pain reduction however it was not significant (r=0.28, p=0.10)
Conclusion: This study suggested the improvement of symptoms with transforaminal epidural steroid injection with local anesthesia and showed a positive correlation between immediate and long-term relief of pain, however it may not be significant.
Level of Satisfaction on Clinical Learning Environment among Nursing Students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus at Kohalpur
Authors: Bharati Seema , Bharati Bishal , Tuladhar Alina
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Clinical education is a major component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum. To practice a safe beginning level of nursing care, new graduates must have developed not only the theoretical knowledge on which to base their care but also the practical application skills required to implement that knowledge. The clinical learning environment can have a great influence on the development of attitude, knowledge, skills, and problem-solving ability of students. The clinical learning environment plays a crucial role, especially during the clinical training of student nurses, as they face the reality of their roles and responsibilities of being nurses.
Aims: To find out undergraduate nursing student’s satisfaction with their clinical learning environment.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nepalgunj Nursing Campus. The study was conducted among 40 students who were studying Proficiency Certificate Level in Nursing at the Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur. A non-probability sampling method was used to select the sample. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES+T) were used for data collection. The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Scale is an internationally valid and reliable instrument used to evaluate the quality of clinical learning environments for students in the health professions.
Results: More than half of the nursing students (52.50%) were highly satisfied with the clinical learning environment. The association between the level of satisfaction among nursing students and age, marital status, last clinical placement ward, frequency of meeting nurse teachers, and use of e-communication tools with nursing teachers was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In today’s education system, which is centered on students’ learning concepts and expectations, assessing the students’ satisfaction level can be one of the innovative ways to bring positive changes to both the students’ and teachers’ experiences. However, the availability of limited research studies on this matter, makes it hard to draw any conclusions. Hence, future studies should focus on identifying the various factors influencing the satisfaction level of students with clinical learning.
Ethnic People’s Perception on Contribution of Development Sector for Awareness Promotion: Evidence from Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Byanjankar Sama , Devkota Niranjan , Mahapatra Sushanta , Prajuli Seeprata
Published: September 2024

Background: Research has been conducted on the relationship between development sectors and ethnic groups. Developmental sectors work to eliminate poverty, provide education, health care, basic support, and risk prevention, among other things, but evidence shows that their awareness-raising efforts are insufficient.
Objective: The objective of the study was analyzing contribution of developmental sectors for awareness promotion in Lalitpur district.
Methods: The Binary Logit Model was chosen as the primary study of research in order to find reality. To examine the data quantitative, descriptive and inferential statistics was used. A convenience sampling with a sample size of 281 respondents was chosen for the study based on practical experience and adequate knowledge about development sectors contribution regarding awareness promotion.
Results: The study shows that development sectors support an awareness programs, its engagement has significant relationship with ethnic people development and increase level of knowledge and awareness level. Ethnic groups are still expecting quality service and other campaign from developmental sectors. Majority of the respondents argued that proper advertising and sharing information related programs can lead to better service for ethnic people and solve major problems such as management issues, knowledge, information etc.
Conclusions: The research concludes that the more development activities and people’s participation in the awareness programs, better the performance leading with enhancement of the ethnic people prosperity and happiness as well as the ethnic society and economic development vice versa. Developmental sectors should focus on removing problems engaging together with ethnic people and developmental sectors. Development sector should promote its advertisement campaign in better way along with gathering more information to benefit and provide better service to ethnic people of Lalitpur district.
JEL Classification: L31, O19, O38, C83, I38