bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of twinship on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in late pregnant ewes
Authors: K. Yenilmez , S. Arslan , S. Kiliç , H. Atalay
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of twinship on the hematological and biochemical parameters in ewes of the Kıvırcık breed commonly raised in the Thrace region of Turkey. The study material consisted of 30 Kıvırcık ewes at days 130-150 of gestation, aged 3-5 years, weighing 55.61 ± 0.76 kg. After ultrasound examination, the ewes included in the study were divided into a single-pregnant group (n = 15) and a twinpregnant group (n = 15), and their blood samples were taken. The levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, cholesterol, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined in their blood samples. It was found that, although twinship did not affect hemogram values in ewes (p > 0.05), the biochemical parameters, BHBA, ALT, and AST values, were significantly affected by twinship (p <0.05). A high positive correlation was found between BHBA and NEFA. Thus it was concluded that twin pregnancy did not cause any significant changes in hematological parameters in Kıvırcık ewes. However, the significantly higher BHBA in twin-pregnant ewes and the high positive correlation between BHBA and NEFA indicate that the negative energy balance started to affect these animals, and a carbohydrate deficiency emerged. Therefore, twin-pregnant ewes should be monitored closely to reduce the risk of ketosis.
Identidad político-partidista:
Authors: Huerta Vilchis Fernando
Published: August 2021

Estudio acerca de la relación entre los ciudadanos y los partidos políticos para concluir la ausencia de identidad político-partidista. En este trabajo se repasan los conceptos de identidad, la relación comunicación política e identidad político-partidista. En suma, se puede afirmar que la mayoría de los actores políticos coinciden en que es muy necesario lograr que los ciudadanos se identifiquen con los partidos y los políticos, luego es de esperarse que ellos se identifiquen con las auténticas necesidades, valores, creencias y actitudes de los ciudadanos, y en el proceso de comunicación política se presenten sinceramente las formas que han concebido para lograr el bien común.
La comunicación política en la era de la desintermediación
Authors: Jiménez Soler Ignacio
Published: August 2021

Desarrollar estrategias de comunicación de éxito hoy pasan por desintermediar. Durante el siglo XX, las bases de cualquier actividad de comunicación estaban en pagar por estar (la publicidad tradicional y el paid media actual) o convertirse en noticia en los medios (las relaciones públicas que tomaron el control de la política desde los años 50 en Estados Unidos). Hoy, ambas líneas de trabajo son simplemente dos elementos más de las estrategias de comunicación que han encontrado en los algoritmos su nuevo intermediario. Para tener éxito, hay que salir a buscar a las audiencias, para hacerlo con éxito, hay que conocer bien a la audiencia. La tecnología nos permite trabajar en esta línea, pero a la vez plantea nuevos retos. En este artículo analizo este fenómeno en el marco de la comunicación política.
Bitácora de un proyecto de investigación interdisciplinar e interinstitucional en comunicación política electoral:
Authors: López Aguirre José Luis , Ortiz Marín Manuel
Published: August 2021

El presente texto tiene por objetivo describir los diferentes procesos mediante los cuales un conjunto de investigadores de diversas universidades públicas y privadas y provenientes de varias disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y del campo de la ingeniería computacional, trabajaron para concretar un proyecto ambicioso que fue conjuntar sus esfuerzos para analizar la comunicación e interacción de los candidatos y la candidata a la presidencia de México con los usuarios de las redes sociodigitales (RSD) en las elecciones del 2018.
Los censos e interrogatorios en España como instrumentos de poder en la comunicación política (ss. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Solano García Carmen , Vivas Moreno Agustín
Published: August 2021

Los censos e interrogatorios a la población constituyen un importante instrumento de comunicación política. A partir de esta afirmación, el estudio pretende hacer una revisión histórica de los censos e interrogatorios del Estado en España durante los siglos XVI-XVIII y analizar posteriormente la relación entre información y poder en el Estado ilustrado, época que consideramos de especial interés para analizar los resortes de comunicación política a los que nos referimos.
DESIGNING AND FABRICATION OF A LOW-COST DIP-COATER FOR RAPID PRODUCTION OF UNIFORM THIN FILMS
Authors: Castillo-Vilcatoma David , Loarte Steveen , Fernandez-Chillcce Arturo , Pastrana Elizabeth , Pastrana Roxana
Published: August 2021

In this work, a self-made dip-coater equipment was developed for the fabrication of thin films. The assembly of the apparatus was carried out using simple mechanical and electronic pieces, recycle parts, and spending an inexpensive budget suitably. The production, software design, and features of the device were focused on the sol-gel dip-coating method, which involves gravitational draining and drying processes, as well as continued condensation reactions. The dip-coater was based on the Arduino microcontroller and a step motor. The immersion speed in the solution, the waiting time, and the withdrawal process were typed by a digital control panel, where the optimal range found for speed was 0.1 – 6.0 mm s-1 without vibration interferences. The total fabrication cost of the fabricated dip coater was less than 100 USD and the assembly process was not complicated. Finally, the performance of the dip-coater was evaluated through the deposit of copper oxide and iron oxide films on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates layer by layer. The field emission scanning electron microscopy cross-section images confirm the formation of thin films with thickness in the nanoscale range, with good stability and sameness achieved through the control thickness during the dip-coating method under ambient conditions.
Using BCN nanostructure as anode electrode for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organics: a statistical approach
Authors: Ebadi Sadegh , Ghasemipanah Karim , Alaie Ebrahim , Rashidi Alimorad , Khataee Alireza
Published: August 2021

In this study, boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanostructures were used as a photocatalyst which was synthesized in a chemical vapor deposition reactor. Photoelectrocatalysis was used for degradation organic pollutants from produced water. BCN nanostructures were coated on a coil-type copper wire to act as anode electrode in the photoelectrocatalytic process. The effect of different parameters on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from produced water was investigated by a central composite design (CCD) to maximize photoelectrocatalysis influence as one of the most used methods of wastewater treatment. A 12 run Plackett–Burman design was used for screening of the parameters (initial COD, electrical conductivity, applied cell voltage, UV lamp wavelength, H2O2 concentration, residence time, and initial pH) which led to the selection of residence time and initial pH as effective parameters. Since the core goal of this study was to maximize the COD removal efficiency, the steepest ascent method was used to propel these two parameters to the optimum region. Finally, CCD showed that applying photoelectrocatalysis could lead to 88.79% of the COD removal efficiency which would be an optimum value at a residence time of 15.85 min and a pH value of 3.3. Ultimately, this result was confirmed by experimentation at those conditions.
Adsorption and migration of heavy metals between sediments and overlying water in the Xinhe River in central China
Authors: Zhao Yanqi , Yang Ying , Dai Rongkun , Leszek Sobkowiak , Wang Xinyi , Xiao Lizhi
Published: August 2021

Long-term polluted rivers often lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments. Anthropogenic activities or biological disturbances break the adsorption balance, causing them to return from the bottom mud to the overlying water and change the aquatic environment. In order to understand the variation of heavy metals between sediments and river water, we collected the riverbed sediments in the polluted Xinhe River and carried out static continuous infiltration and dynamic uninterrupted disturbance experiments. The leaching experiment shows that the absorbability of Cd and Pb is stronger than Cr in the sediment; at the same time, the properties of the medium have a great influence on the adsorption of heavy metals. The disturbance can prompt heavy metals in the sediment to resuspend into the overlying water. The impact is the greatest during the first 12 h, and the influence degree is stronger in the relatively static water than in the moving river. In addition, pH and other factors have different degrees of influence on the desorption of heavy metals.
Tio2 and carbon nanotubes composites modify capacitive deionization anodes to improve the dechlorination efficiency in desulfurization wastewater
Authors: Ma Shuangchen , Liu Chang , Xu Yongyi , Tan Yu , Yang Dingchang , Wang Feng , Ma Lan
Published: August 2021

A new capacitive deionization (CDI) technology was used to remove Cl− from desulfurization wastewater. TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were combined with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to form composites by a solvothermal method in which it is coated onto the CDI anode to improve dechlorination efficiency (DE). The morphology, surface area, wettability, crystal structure and chemical composition of the TiO2/CNTs were characterized. They showed good hydrophilicity (contact angle: 85.9°), high specific surface area (96.68 m²/g) and high specific capacitance (87.6 F/g). The experimental results illustrated that the best DE was achieved by the composites (60%T/C) under 1.2 V with the maximum electrosorption capacity toward 6.5 mg/g, and the TiO2/CNTs composites had excellent stability. Adsorption kinetics analysis was explored and analyzed. Furthermore, TiO2/CNTs composites exhibited excellent DE in actual desulfurization wastewater. The catalysis and adsorption mechanisms of the TiO2/CNTs anode were discussed in detail. This study provides a new direction for the application of TiO2/CNTs composites as adsorption materials of CDI in the Cl− of desulfurization wastewater.
The Prognostic Value of Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG7 in Human Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Kexun , Yuan Weijie , Huang Changhao , Xiao Lei , Xiao Runsha , Zeng Pengwei , Chen Lu , Chen Zihua
Published: August 2021

Background:

The long non-coding RNA SNHG7 is upregulated in many types of cancer and plays a role as an oncogene. However, its overall predictive ability in human cancer prognosis has not been assessed using existing databases. Therefore, further study of its prognostic value and clinical significance in human malignancies is warranted.

Methods:

We systematically collected relevant literature from multiple electronic document databases about the relationship between SNHG7 expression level and prognosis in patients with solid cancers. We further screenped them for eligibility. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognostic value. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs were collected to evaluate the relationship between the expression of SNHG7 and clinicopathological features, including lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumour size, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage and histological grade.

Results:

Fourteen original studies involving 971 patients were enrolled strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that SNHG7 expression significantly correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.64–2.26, p<0.001) in human cancer patients. In addition, the pooled OR indicated that overexpression of SNHG7 was associated with earlier LNM (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44–2.32; P <0.001), and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44–2.30; P <0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant heterogeneity between the selected studies, proving the reliability of the meta-analysis results.

Conclusions:

High SNHG7 expression may predict poor oncological outcomes in patients with multiple human cancers, which could be a novel prognostic biomarker of unfulfilled clinicopathological features. However, further high-quality studies are needed to verify and strengthen the clinical value of SNHG7 in different types of cancer.
Antibody Fragment and Targeted Colorectal Cancer Therapy: A Global
Systematic Review
Authors: Ghani Sepideh , Deravi Niloofar , Pirzadeh Marzieh , Rafiee Behnam , Gatabi Zahra Rezanejad , Bandehpour Mojgan , Yarian Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

Background and aims:

Antibody-based therapeutics have been shown to be promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. However, the size and long-circulating half-lives of antibodies can limit their reproducible manufacture in clinical studies. Consequently, in novel therapeutic ap-proaches, conventional antibodies are minimized and engineered to produce fragments like Fab, scFv, nanobody, bifunctional antibody, bispecific antibody, minibody, and diabody to preserve their high af-finity and specificity to target pharmaceutical nanoparticle conjugates. This systematic review for the first time aimed to elucidate the role of various antibody fragments in colorectal cancer treatment.

Method:

A systematic literature search in the web of sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest was conducted. Reference lists of the articles were reviewed to identify the relevant papers. The full-text search included articles published in English during 1990–2021.

Results:

Most of the 53 included studies were conducted in vitro and in most conducted studies single-chain antibodies were among the most used antibody fragments. Most antibodies targeted CEA in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Moreover, a large number of studies observed apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition. In addition, few studies implicated the role of the innate immune system as an indirect mechanism of tumor growth by enhancing NK-cell killing.

Conclusion:

Antibody-based therapy was demonstrated to be of great promise in the treatment of colo-rectal cancer rather than common treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical operations. This type of specified cancer treatment can also induce the activation of the innate and specific immune systems to eradicate tumor cells.
Identification of groundwater origin using environmental isotopes (18O and 2H) in the upper catchment of Ikopa, district Antananarivo
Authors: Randriantsivery J.R. , Rajaobelison J. , Ramaroson V. , Rabesiranana N. , Fareze L. P. , Razafitsalama F. F. A. , Rakotomalala C. U.
Published: August 2021

The upper catchment of Ikopa has great potential for surface or sub-surface water resources. The Ikopa River plays an important role in the water supply of the plain of Antananarivo. Knowing that surface water is abundant but exposed to the high risk of pollution, and groundwater remains less exploited because of the insufficiency of the study concerning the recharge and the sources of their mineralization. The objective of this research is to use the isotope method to characterize groundwater to determine their origin and recharge process. The results of chemical analysis show three different facies type of groundwater which dominated by the sodium, nitrate and chloride ions. The isotopic compositions of the waters sampled vary respectively from -7.25‰ to 5-.09‰ for δ18O and from -46.9‰ to -24.7‰ for  δ2H. water form the lakes are more enriched compared to those rivers and groundwater. The diagram δ18O- δ2H shows that groundwater is recharged from local rainwater but undergoes low evaporation before infiltration. However, the results obtained from the parameters measured in situ show that a lateral recharge of groundwater from the streams feeds the neighboring aquifers. Lakes are fed by run-off during the rainy season.
Present day medical education in India: Is it serving the purpose?
Authors: Dhaniwala N. S.
Published: August 2021

Medical Education in India is passing through multiple modifications. It is considered failing in producing well trained doctors to cater to our health needs. Doctors on the other hand, are facing problems from society, medical schools and due to consumer protection act. The etiology of this situation is multifactorial and requires serious consideration to improvement.
Preeclampsia Biomarkers - The quest goes on
Authors: Kaur Brinderjeet , Sareen Rateesh
Published: August 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease is recently attributed to maternal endothelial dysfunction. The quest for ideal biomarker goes on. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), Placental growth Factor (PLGF) and sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) are the new biomarkers that hold promise for future. We present a short review on current biomarkers that would enable us to diagnose PE timely leading to reduced maternal morbidity and mortality , justifying the saying,  ‘ a stitch in time saves nine’.
Исследования из первых принципов структурных свойств сплавов Гейслера Co-Ni-Sn
Authors: Саносян А.А. , Соколовский В.В. , Мирошкина О.Н. , Бучельников В.Д.
Published: August 2021

С помощью первопринципного подхода исследованы структурные и  магнитны свойства сплавов Гейслера Co2Ni1+xSn1-x (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). Получены зависимости полной энергии кристаллической структуры от степени тетрагональных искажений и выявлено наиболее выгодное кристаллическое упорядочение. Для всех рассматриваемых композиций вычислена энергия магнитокристаллической анизотропии. Показано, что все композиции с обратной гейслеровской структурой обладают анизотропией типа "легкая плоскость", тогда как в случае регулярной гейслеровской структуры наблюдается смена типа анизотропии с типа "легкая плоскость" на "легкую ось" с увеличением содержания Ni. Наибольшая величина анизотропии обнаружена для нестехиометрических композиций Co2Ni1.5Sn0.5 и Co2Ni1.75Sn0.25. Ключевые слова: сплавы Гейслера, магнитокристаллическая анизотропия, структурные свойства, устойчивость сплавов.
Первопринципное иследование полуметаллических свойств сплавов Гейслера Mn-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-ScZ (Z=Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb)
Authors: Байгутлин Д.Р. , Соколовский В.В. , Мирошкина О.Н. , Бучельников В.Д.
Published: August 2021

The properties of Heusler alloys of the Mn2ScZ family (Z = Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb) are investigated within the framework of the density functional theory. The PBE GGA and meta-GGA SCAN functionals were used for approximation of the exchange-correlation interactions. Calculations show that PBE does not predict ideal half-metallic behavior, unlike SCAN. It is shown that at Z = P, Si, a transition from the half-metallic state to the metallic one is observed. This effect can be used to develop tunable spintronic devices.
Structure and Magnetodielectric Properties of Composite Ceramics Based on Lead Ferroniobate
Authors: Fedii A.A. , Kalganov D.A. , Filonenko E.M. , Yaroshenko F.A. , Bezborodova P.A. , Lupitskaya Yu.A.
Published: August 2021

In this research, the structural, electrodynamic, and magnetodielectric properties of composite ceramic materials based on lead ferroniobate Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 have been studied. The experimentally obtained temperature and frequency dependences of the dielectric constant indicate the presence of a low-temperature polar state, large values of the dielectric constant in the microwave range, and high electrical conductivity of the materials studied.
Индуцированный фазовый переход в монокристаллических твердых растворах PbMg-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--29PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- и PbZn-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--9PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-: сходство и различие
Authors: Камзина Л.С.
Published: August 2021

The kinetics of the induced phase transition in single-crystal relaxor solid solutions PbMg1 / 3Nb2 / 3O3-29PbTiO3 and PbZn1 / 3Nb2 / 3O3-9PbTiO3 is studied when an electric field is applied along the [001] direction. At temperatures below the temperature of the morphotropic phase transition, the changes in the dielectric constant and optical transmission in electric fields are studied. It is shown that the decrease in optical transmission with time is associated only with a change in the sizes of nanoregions during the phase transition. It was found that the induced phase transition proceeds differently in these crystals. In PMN-29PT crystals, the formation of ferroelectric phases and the rapid establishment of macroscopic polarization are preceded by a certain delay time, while in PZN-9PT crystals, the ferroelectric phase is induced immediately after the application of the field without a delay time. The results obtained are explained by the different structures of the low-temperature phases in these compounds. Key words: ferroelectricity, relaxors, induced phase transition.
Парамагнитные центры в легированном хромом монокристалле Na-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-AlF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(PO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Потапов А.П. , Фокин А.В. , Артёмов М.Ю.
Published: August 2021

The paramagnetic resonance of Na5AlF2(PO4)2 single crystals with chromium impurity was studied. The Cr3+ centers have been found to replace the triclinic Al3+ positions. In the local coordinate system, the spectra of these centers were described by the spin Hamiltonian of rhombic symmetry. In addition, vanadium centers and unidentified triclinic symmetry centers have been observed.
Регистрация зависимости числа эмиссионных центров от времени как инструмент анализа токовых флуктуаций полевых катодов
Authors: Колосько А.Г. , Филиппов С.В. , Попов Е.О.
Published: August 2021

A new tool for obtaining the frequency characteristics of the interaction of emission sites with adsorbates was developed. The technique is based on the use of a computerized field projector with online processing of patterns of the distribution of emission sites over the cathode surface. The resulting dependences reflect the frequency of fluctuations in the activity of individual sites. The influence of the choice of the threshold brightness parameter, the proximity of the sites to each other and the stability of the total emission current on the shape of these curves is considered. The coincidence of the shapes of curves constructed by various methods (in online mode, in post-processing mode and in the mode of random processes modeling) is analyzed.
Author’s Response to Peer Reviews of “The Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination on Daily Cases, Hospitalization, and Death Rate in Tennessee, United States: Case Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Roghani Ali
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

These are author responses to peer review.
CULTURAL HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF IRANIAN SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM: THE ROLE OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING
Authors: Rafiepour Abolfazl , Farsani Danyal
Published: August 2021

In this paper, six mathematics curriculum changes in Iran will be reviewed, spanning from 1900 until the present time. At first, change forces, barriers, and the main features of each curriculum reform will be represented. The first five curriculum changes are described briefly and the sixth and most recent curriculum reform will be elaborated. In this paper, we call the last reform as contemporary school mathematics curriculum change. This recent (contemporary) curriculum reform will be explained in more detail, followed by a discussion of the effect of globalization and research finding in the field of mathematics and mathematics education (in the Iranian mathematics curriculum). In total, three key ideas are distinguished as an effect of globalization which is “New Math”, “International Comparative Studies”, and “Computational Thinking”. Finally, the paper comments on the necessity of paying more attention to information and communication technology as part of globalization; in particular, recall policy-makers to consider “Computational Thinking” as an important component of future curriculum design.
Kinetics of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate penetration into the human aqueous humor after topical application
Authors: Cagini Carlo , Muzi Alessio , Castellucci Greta , Ragna Giulia , Lupidi Marco , Alabed Husam BR , Pellegrino Roberto Maria
Published: August 2021

Aim of the study: Hydrocortisone is a soft steroid with low
anti-inflammatory properties and a short duration of action, used to
manage several ocular conditions. The clinical benefits and side effects
associated with hydrocortisone are well documented, but its basic
pharmacokinetic in the eye is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of
this study is to investigate the anterior chamber penetration
capabilities of hydrocortisone when used in different concentrations as
eye drops treatment. Materials and Methods: This is a double-blind,
single-center, randomized clinical trial performed at the Department of
Medicine and Surgery of the University of Perugia (Italy) on consecutive
patients who have undergone phacoemulsification with intraocular lens
implantation. Patients were randomly assigned on the morning of surgery
to receive a single instillation of 0.33% (group A) or 0.001% (group
B) hydrocortisone sodium phosphate solution. Group of patients C did not
receive any treatment and was used to measure the hydrocortisone
endogenous levels. Before surgery, one aliquot of aqueous humor for each
patient was aspirated. The time of collection for each sample was
recorded. Hydrocortisone concentrations were then stratified into six
interval classes of 30 minutes each. Results: The mean concentration of
hydrocortisone was significantly higher in group A (25.2±12.4 ng/ml)
compared with group B (7.11±1.51 ng/ml) and compared to the mean
hydrocortisone endogenous levels (3.92±1.18 ng/ml) (p<0.0001).
No statistically significant differences of hydrocortisone mean
concentrations between group B and the mean endogenous levels were
found. Conclusions: Considering the frequent need for prolonged topical
steroid therapies and the possible consequent undesirable side effects,
ophthalmologists should consider the lowest clinically effective dose of
hydrocortisone useful to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and in an
adequate time, to minimize the amount of steroids into the anterior
chamber and to avoid side effects, such as intraocular pressure increase
or cataract development.
Adaptation to a bacterial pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster is not aided by sexual selection
Authors: Sharda Sakshi , Kawecki Tadeusz , Hollis Brian
Published: August 2021

Theory predicts that sexual selection should aid adaptation to novel
environments, but empirical support for this idea is limited. Pathogens
are a major driver of host evolution and, unlike abiotic selection
pressures, undergo epidemiological and co-evolutionary cycles with the
host involving adaptation and counteradaptation. Because of this,
populations harbor ample genetic variation underlying immunity and the
opportunity for sexual selection based on condition-dependent “good
genes” is expected to be large. In this study, we evolved populations
of Drosophila melanogaster in a 2-way factorial design manipulating
sexual selection and pathogen presence, using a gram-negative insect
pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, for 14 generations. We then examined
how the presence of sexual selection and the pathogen, as well as any
potential interaction, affected the evolution of pathogen resistance. We
found increased resistance to P. entomophila in populations that evolved
under pathogen pressure, driven primarily by increased female survival
after infection despite selection for resistance acting only on males
over the course of experimental evolution. This result suggests that the
genetic basis of resistance is in part shared between the sexes. We did
not find any evidence of sexual selection aiding adaptation to pathogen,
however, a finding contrary to the predictions of “good genes” theory.
Our results therefore provide no support for a role for sexual selection
in the evolution of immunity in this experimental system.
H3K4 Trimethylation Is Required for Postnatal Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Functional Maturation
Authors: Campbell Stephanie A. , Bégin Jocelyn , McDonald Cassandra L. , Vanderkruk Ben , Stephan Tabea L. , Hoffman Brad G.
Published: August 2021

During pancreas development, endocrine progenitors differentiate into the islet cell subtypes, which undergo further functional maturation in postnatal islet development. In islet β-cells, genes involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are activated, and glucose exposure increases the insulin response as β-cells mature. We investigated the role of H3K4 trimethylation in endocrine cell differentiation and functional maturation by disrupting TrxG complex histone methyltransferase activity in mouse endocrine progenitors. In the embryo, genetic inactivation of TrxG component Dpy30 in NEUROG3+ cells did not affect the number of endocrine progenitors or endocrine cell differentiation. H3K4 trimethylation was progressively lost in postnatal islets, and the mice displayed elevated nonfasting and fasting glycemia as well as impaired glucose tolerance by postnatal day 24. Although postnatal endocrine cell proportions were equivalent to controls, islet RNA sequencing revealed a downregulation of genes involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and an upregulation of immature β-cell genes. Comparison of histone modification enrichment profiles in NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitors and mature islets suggested that genes downregulated by loss of H3K4 trimethylation more frequently acquire active histone modifications during maturation. Taken together, these findings suggest that H3K4 trimethylation is required for the activation of genes involved in the functional maturation of pancreatic islet endocrine cells.
Disparities in Hemoglobin A1c Testing During the Transition to Adulthood and Association With Diabetes Outcomes in Youth-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Sauder Katherine A , Stafford Jeanette M , Ehrlich Shelley , Lawrence Jean M , Liese Angela D , Marcovina Santica , Mottl Amy K , Pihoker Catherine , Saydah Sharon , Shah Amy S , Jr Ralph B. D’Agostino , Dabelea Dana , Group the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Published: August 2021

Objective

To
identify correlates of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing frequency and
associations with HbA1c levels and microvascular complications in youth-onset
diabetes.

Research Design and Methods

The SEARCH for Diabetes in
Youth study collected data from individuals diagnosed with diabetes before age
20 at 8 years diabetes duration (n=1,885 type 1, n=230 type 2) and 13 years
duration (n=649 type 1, n=84 type 2). We identified correlates of reporting ≥3 HbA1c
tests/year using logistic regression. We
examined associations of HbA1c testing with HbA1c levels and microvascular
complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy) using sequentially
adjusted linear and logistic regression.

Results

For
type 1 diabetes, odds of reporting ≥3 HbA1c tests/year at 8 and 13 years diabetes
duration decreased with older age
at diagnosis (OR 0.91 [95%CI 0.88-0.95]), longer duration of diabetes (OR 0.90 [0.82-0.99]),
not having a personal doctor (0.44 [0.30-0.65]), and lapses in health insurance
(OR 0.51 [0.27-0.96]). HbA1c testing ≥3
times/year over time was associated with lower HbA1c levels (-0.36% [-0.65 to
-0.06]) and lower odds of microvascular complications (OR 0.64 [0.43-0.97]) at 13
years duration, but associations were attenuated after adjustment for HbA1c
testing correlates (-0.17 [-0.46 to 0.13]); OR 0.70 [0.46-1.07], respectively).
For type 2 diabetes, not seeing an endocrinologist decreased odds of reporting ≥3
HbA1c tests/year over time (OR 0.19 [0.06-0.63]), but HbA1c testing
frequency was not associated with HbA1c
levels or microvascular complications.

Conclusions

We
observed disparities in HbA1c testing frequency, predominately by healthcare-related
factors, which were associated with diabetes outcomes in type 1 diabetes.
VDR/Atg3 Axis Regulates Slit Diaphragm to Tight Junction Transition via p62-mediated Autophagy Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Bin , Qian Jing-yi , Tang Tao-tao , Lin Li-lu , Yu Nan , Guo Hong-lei , Ni Wei-jie , Lv Ling-Li , Wen Yi , Li Zuo-Lin , Wu Min , Cao Jing-Yuan , Liu Bi-Cheng
Published: August 2021

Foot process effacement is an important feature of early diabetic
nephropathy (DN) which is closely related to the development of
albuminuria. Under certain nephrotic conditions, the integrity and
function of the glomerular slit diaphragm (SD) structure were impaired
and replaced by the tight junction (TJ) structure, resulting in
so-called SD-TJ transition, which could partially explain the effacement
of foot processes at the molecular level. However, the mechanism
underlying the SD-TJ transition has not been described in DN. Here, we
demonstrated that impaired autophagic flux blocked p62 mediated
degradation of ZO-1 (TJ protein) and promoted podocytes injury via
activation of caspase 3 and caspase 8. Interestingly, the expression of
VDR in podocytes was decreased under diabetic condition which impaired
autophagic flux through down-regulating Atg3. Of note, we also found
that VDR abundance was negatively associated with impaired autophagic
flux and SD-TJ transition in the glomeruli from human renal biopsy
samples with DN. Furthermore, VDR activation improved autophagic flux
and attenuated SD-TJ transition in the glomeruli of diabetic animal
models. In conclusion, our data provided the novel insight that VDR/Atg3
axis deficiency resulted in SD-TJ transition and foot processes
effacement via blocking p62-mediated autophagy pathway in DN.
Неравенства для некоторых новых квадратурных формул с весом
Authors: Dung P.T. , Chung N.T. , Huy V.N.
Published: August 2021

In this paper we generalize the Ostrowski inequality on time scales for n points and the Lp norm of m-th derivative, where m,n∈N and p∈[1,+∞].
Macromia weerakooni sp. nov. (Odonata: Anisoptera: Macromiidae), a new dragonfly species from Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanapala Amila Prasanna
Published: August 2021

The genus Macromia is represented in Sri Lanka by two endemic species. In this paper a third presumed endemic species is described based on a single male specimen collected at Kirikitta, Weliweriya, Western Province in the low country wet zone of the country. Macromia weerakooni sp. nov. differs from its congeners in Sri Lanka by having turquoise blue eyes, an entirely black labrum, a short yellow ante-humeral stripe, an interrupted yellow stripe on the anterior margin of metepisternum anddifferences in the secondary genitalia and anal appendages. As this is the only record of the species knowledge of its natural history and distribution is limited. This discovery highlights the need for further systematic surveys of Odonata in Sri Lanka using sampling methods suitable for the detection of elusive species.
Kahler's Disease Revealed by a Fracture of the Humeral Diaphysis
Authors: B Dehayni
Published: August 2021

Kahler's disease or multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological pathology, characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. Reportin g a case of a humeral shaft fracture in a non - traumatic context that revealed Kahler's disease during paraclinical investigations. Management involves histological confirmation of the pathology, osteosynthesis of the fracture by static centromedullary nail ing, with medical treatment made of biphosphonate combined with a chemotherapy protocol targeting the disease. The management of a pathological fracture is a diagnostic emergency, but never an operating emergency. A diagnosis of certainty must be made befo re any intervention.
Back Pain, Causes, Symptoms and Physiotherapy
Authors: Tomasz Karski
Published: August 2021

Every fourth woman and every sixth man in the world coming to the Orthopedic or Neurology Departments complain of spinal pains - information from WHO, D ecade of Bones and Joints 2000 - 2010 (Lars Lidgren). According to our observations there are six main causes of such spinal disorders: 1. Lumbar Hyperlordosis causes by flexion contracture of hips and in result anterior tilt of the pelvis. Common in persons with Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD). Pain syndromes appear after overstress in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 2. Lumbar or thoracic - lumbar left convex “C” scoliosis in 2nd/A etiopathological group (epg) or ”S” scoliosis in 2nd/B epg in Lublin classification. Pain syndromes appear after overstr ess in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 3. Stiffness of the spine as clinical sign of “I” scoliosis in 3rd epg group in Lublin classification. 4. Spondylolisth esis or spodylolisis in sacral - lumbar or lumbar spine. 5. Urgent “nucleus prolapsed” (in German “Hexen Sch uss”). 6. Extremely cooling of the back part of trunk during work or intensive walking in low temperature. In many of patients in clinical examination we see positive Laseguae test. Sometimes we see weakness of extensors of the feet or paresis of the foot. Our observations confirm that not surgery, but physiotherapy can be beneficial to the patients with spinal problems.
Arthrotomy and Lavage of Neonatal Septic Arthritis - A Multicenteric Study
Authors: J Madhan
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute septic arthritis (SA) of childhood is a potentially devastating disease that may cause permanent disability or even death, especially in resource - limited settings. Septic arthritis is rare in developed countries, the annual incidence being 4 cases p er 1,00,000 but is considerably more common in lower socioeconomic groups. Objective: To study about the septic arthritis in neonates using arthrotomy & lavage and the complications associated with septic arthritis. Materials and Methods : A total of 319 n eonates with septic arthritis irrespective of the joint involved, admitted to NICU in School of Medical Sciences and Research , Madras Medical College and Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College for a period of three consecutive years were taken up for the stu dy. All suspected cases of neonatal septic arthritis were subjected for detailed clinical history, examination, hematological and radiological investigations were done. All suspected cases were started with empirical or culture specific IV antibiotics for 2 weeks. The neonates who responded to the treatment given within 48 – 72 hours were treated conservatively and excluded from our study. The neonates who did not respond to the antibiotics given were subjected for arthrotomy and lavage of the affected join t. The aspirated material was sent for culture and sensitivity for specific antibiotic treatment. The treatment was given with culture specific IV antibiotics for a minimum period of 2 weeks followed by oral antibiotics for a period of 2 weeks from the tim e symptoms subsides. All cases were followed up at a monthly interval to a minimum period of 1 year of their age. Results: A total of 512 septic arthritis cases were seen in infants of whom 319 cases were neonates during the three year study period. The m ost common organism causing neonatal septic arthritis in our study was Staphylococcus aureus in 116 cases (36.36%). No organism was cultured in 81 cases (25.39%). Viral or fungal or anaerobes or reactive arthritis might be responsible for this 25.39% cases . Concomitant osteomyelitis was found in 5 cases in hip % 1 case in knee. Tomsmith arthritis of hip was found in 2 cases. Mild joint stiffness were found in 7 cases in hip, 3 cases in knee, 1 case in shoulder and 1 case in ankle seen at follow up. After di scharge gentle passive joint motion were advised. The missed cases from follow up were not included in the study. Conclusion: The sequelae of septic arthritis in neonates can be prevented by early diagnosis and early intervention with emergency lavage of any involved joint to reduce the rate of disability. The arthrotomy and lavage is the definitive treatment for neonatal septic arthritis which reduce the morbidity and mortality of the neonates.
Intra Osseous Arteriovenous Malformations of Hand and Foot: Treatment Outcome after Open Surgical Cementoplasty in 9 Patients
Authors: Laurian Claude
Published: August 2021

Background: To evaluate the benefit of open surgical cementoplasty on the intra osseous nidus in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) on hand and forefoot. Methods: Over the period 2014 - 2017, 9 consecutive patients underwent open cementoplasty of bone f or AVMs of hand and foot. Investigations included digital radiography, Doppler ultrasound, and CT scan with bone and vascular reconstructions. The main outcome end points of this study were: pain, residual AVMs identified by CT scan, and quality of life. R esults: Over a period of 4 years, 65 patients with AVM on hand (38 pts.) or foot (27 pts.) were observed in our institution, 10 pts. (15%) of the cohort had bone involvement. Nine patients (4 F, 5 M) with a mean age of 30 years (range 10 - 50) were included in this study. On their hand (n=5), skeletal changes were at first metacarpal (2pts), in the proximal and middle phalanx (3 pts.). On their foot (n=4), changes were in the metatarsal (3 pts.), in proximal and distal phalanx (3 pts.). Nine patients had a ta rgeted cementoplasty of the involved bone. On control CT scan, 9 patients had no residual intraosseous AV shunts, 4 had minor shunt around bone. Mean follow - up was 29 months (range 10 - 55 m). No morbidity, no delays of healing were observed. Disappearance o f pain was the dominant impact in all the patients. Conclusion: Open surgical cementoplasty is a new option for AVMs bone lesions located in the digits and forefoot. The conclusions are restricted by the short period of follow - up.
Prevalence and Clinical Correlation of Vitamin D Inadequacy in Traumatic Hip Fracture among Elderly Patients
Authors: O Phruetthiphat
Published: August 2021

Introduction : High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been described in more than 1 billion people around the world, es pecially in Middle - East and Asia. In Thailand, the largest study of vitamin D status in normal population (N=2641) identified overall 45.2 percent of vitamin D inadequacy in normal population. However, there was no study focusing on Vitamin D inadequacy in traumatic elderly patients. The purpose of this study is going to define the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in traumatic hip fracture among elderly patients and to identify a clinical correlation. Materials and Methods : A prospective study of elderly patients (more than 60 years old) with low energy trauma who underwent orthopaedic surgery at Phramongkutklao Hospital between the period of January 2016 and December 2016. All hip fracture patients underwent orthopedic surgery were collected for demograph ic data, comorbidities including Charlson Comorbidity Index. Primary outcome was to identify a prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (<30 ng/ml) and vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) in hip fracture underwent orthopedic surgery. Secondary outcome was to define association of demographic data, comorbidity with vitamin D level. Additionally, comparison the ambulatory status and mechanical failure between normal vitamin D and vitamin D inadequacy Results : The serum 25(OH)D levels for this study was normally distri buted, with a mean of 25.0±12.2 ng/ml in all patients, Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 70.5 percent (n=103) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 37.7 percent (n=55). There was no significant difference of ambulatory status between vitamin D inadequacy and sufficient vitamin D groups (p=0.958). Additionally, there was not different in mechanical failure between groups (4.5% and 0%, p=1.000). Conclusion : Vitamin D inadequacy is so common in traumatic elderly patients. We should raise attentiveness among physician to determine vitamin D status. Public health strategy should add knowledge about diet, supplements or adequate sun exposure to elderly population . Vitamin D inadequacy did not affect the outcome including time to union and ambulatory status at 1 year follow up.
Reproductive Biotechnologies in Indian Cattle
Authors: GN Purohit
Published: August 2021

In recent years there have been immense improvements in application of reproductive biotechnologies in ca ttle and include artificial insemination, embryo transfer, ovum pick up and in vitro fertilization, semen sexing, cloning, transgenics and xenotransplantation. The purpose of these technologies had been improvement of the genetics of animals or producing a nimals of benefit to human beings. The application of these technologies in indigenous dairy cows of India had been slow. This manuscript describes the status of some of the reproductive biotechnologies as applied to Indian breeds of cows.
Probiotics Role in Control of Coccidiosis in Poultry Industry
Authors: Anas Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Cereal products fermented by lactic acid bacteria are documented first in Egypt and Iraq during 2000 - 3000 B.C. These are one of the oldest fermented foods. In 1907, Elie Metcnikoff was the first scientist who not only observes but also put forward the scie ntific basics of fermentation. Then to explore gut bacteria intensive researches were made in late 1940s. In 2006 FAO and WHO give the complete definition of probiotics, living microbes beneficial for health provided in feed. For treatment of Coccidiosis p robiotic combinations of different microbes such as Lactobacillus, Bifidibacterium and Streptococcus are used now days. Coccidiosis, a parasitic disease mainly of poultry sector, caused by Eimeria specie’s. Coccidiosis causes serious damage to the intestin al epithelium resulting in diarrhea. This problem can be effectively controlled by the use of feed probiotics.
Update on Veterinary Viral Vaccines: A Review
Authors: Y Nesradin
Published: August 2021

Vaccine has made a very significant impact on the control of viral diseases in both humans and animal species. Worldwide eradication of small pox and rinderpest an d drastic reduction in other infection disease are confirming to the fact that vaccination is the most feasible and cost effective strategy for prevention, control and eradication of infectious disease. Veterinary science has made a significant contributio n to the field of vaccine research and development. Among the numerous of infectious diseases in animals, those of viral etiology account for a high burden of cases and they are the most relevant from a veterinary perspective. So, vaccination is the most f easible means that has to be implemented for controlling and eradicating these diseases. The viral vaccines used in veterinary medicine generally categorized into 1 of 3 categories: inactivated vaccines (in which antigens are typically combined with adjuva nts); live attenuated vaccines; and recombinant technology vaccines, which may include subunit antigens or genetically engineered organisms. The majority of vaccines available today rely either on attenuation (weakening) techniques or inactivated (killed) forms of the infectious agent. Even though many vaccines are available and vaccine producing technologies are existed, several viral disease s have no vaccines yet and there are also limitations even on existing vaccines. Therefore, the objective of this seminar paper is to overview the development of veterinary viral vaccines and challenges and opportunities existing in the process of its deve lopment. To be profitable from the veterinary viral vaccines the challenging factors for the development of the vaccines should be managed. In addition, the novel vaccine technologies should be encouraged because they can fill the limitations of convention al live and killed vaccines.
Grafting in Veterinary Medicine: A Mini Review
Authors: Alkattan LM
Published: August 2021

Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another creature, without bringing its own blood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. There were many types of grafts for reconstruction defec ts in many organs as bone graft , skin graft and tendon gr aft.