bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of MCA in Dermatology: Monoclonal Antibodies in Cutaneous Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

Since the first demonstration of antibodies in sera of pemphigus patients by immunofluorescence in 1964, dermatology has become one of the leading clinical specialities applying immunohistochemical methods for both research and current diagnosis. The first step has been the study of Ig deposits in autoimmune or other immunologically related skin diseases such as, for example, pemphigus, pemphigoid, D.H. and L.E.

In fact, the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is no longer the only field of immunohistochemistry. More recently, IHC has been applied to a new field, the study of skin components, cell surface antigens, molecules, and fibers such as collagen, keratin, and cellular cyto‐skeleton (1).

The indicators for studying skin antigens are the corresponding antibodies. Autoantibodies reactive with the epidermis have facilitated the study of skin structures in normal as well as in diseased skin. Nevertheless, the field of such studies remained limited because few antisera were available. In a large majority of cases, antigens were unknown and nonbiochemically studied. Therefore, attempts have been made to produce heterologous conventional antisera against various components of the skin. For example, in 1980 (2) J. Viac in our group produced antikeratin antisera by immunizing guinea pig and rabbits with either whole keratin or polypeptidic bands isolated on polyacrylamid gels. Such antibodies recognized different antigenic species of keratins and provided a good method for studying normal epithelia and tumors. Conventional polyclonal antisera, however, have some disadvantages. They may lack specificity and vary a great deal, even though the same immunogens are used for their production. In fact, many polyclonal antisera are available and may be used for keratin and other filaments such as actin, vimentin, and myosin and for fibrous proteins such as laminin, fibronectin, collagens, and amyloid.

Until recently, there has been only slow progress in the methods for producing specific antibodies. In 1975, Köhler and Milstein described a fundamentally new approach: the production of antibodies by somatic cell hybridization of antibody‐forming cells and continuously replicating cell lines. This technique has allowed preparation of virtually unlimited quantities of antibodies that are chemically, physically, and immunologically completely homogeneous (3–5).

MCA have become some of the most widely utilized tools for immunological research. An explosion of MCA makes them available for use in cutaneous immunopathology and the field of application is enlarging very quickly.

In this article, some aspects of the production methods of utilization and examples of applications of MCA in cutaneous immunohistochemistry will be discussed.
The Proteoglycans in Hypertrophic Scar
Authors: Honda Tomohito , Matsunaga Etsuji , Katagiri Kazumoto , Shinkai Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

Sulfated proteoglycans of hypertrophic scar (6 months old after a burn) were extracted with 6 M hot urea, 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing protease inhibitors. Two types of proteoglycans, dermatan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitinsulfate rich proteoglycans, were recovered. The dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, which are capable of binding to concanavalin A, were composed of Mr=53000 core protein and iduronate rich dermatan sulfate. The chondroitin sulfate rich proteoglycans did not bind to concanavalin A but had the same size core proteins as the dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, based on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The tryptic peptide mappings showed that the core proteins from dermatan sulfate have the same structural sequences as those from chondroitin sulfate rich proteoglycans.
Distribution Pattern of DNA Polymerases in Epidermis
Authors: Kaneko Noriaki , Tanaka Takaho , Hidaka Toshihiro , Ogura Ryohei
Published: April 2015

DNA polymerases are known to play important roles in DNA replication and repair processes. The present study revealed that the DNA polymerase α and β participate in the cell differentiation of normal and n‐hexadecane‐induced hyperplastic epidermis of the guinea pigs. The epidermal cells were separated into three layers; high (HDCL), middle (MDCL), and low (LDCL) density cell layer, respectively, by Percoll gradient centrifugation. In epidermal homogenate, the activity of DNA polymerase β was higher than that of DNA polymerase α. DNA polymerase α activity was higher in the HDCL than in the other layers; however, DNA polymerase β was higher in the LDCL than in the other layers. In hyperplastic epidermis, distribution of DNA polymerase α activity was similar to the normal pattern, but DNA polymerase β was lower in the LDCL than in the other layers. The distribution of DNA polymerase α activity in epidermal nuclei was similar to that of the whole epidermal cell pattern; however, DNA polymerase β activity differed from the enzyme distribution of whole epidermal cell homogenate. Its activity was higher in the HDCL than in the other layers. In hyperplastic epidermis, both nuclear DNA polymerase α and β activities were similar to the distribution patterns of polymerase activities in hyperplastic epidermal cells. From these results, it is concluded that the distribution pattern of DNA polymerases in n‐hexadecane induced‐hyperplastic epidermis is not a simple augmentation of the distribution pattern in normal epidermis.
Antigenic Differences and Further Perspectives on the Differential Diagnosis of Skin Tumors
Authors: Tosca Androniki D. , Lehou Joan , Panagiotopoulos Anthony , Varelzidis Anthony , Stratigos John
Published: April 2015

Frozen sections from squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), precancerous lesions (P.C.) and normal skin adjacent to lesions (N.S.) were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase for the detection of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and by PAP (peroxidase‐antiperoxidase) for total keratin (T.K.) and laminin (LM) to determine the significance of the appearance of neoantigens and the behavior of normal epidermal antigens during the process of carcinogenesis of the skin. Significant antigenic differences in all three antigens were revealed between SCCs and BCCs in the epidermis (EP) and tumor islands (T.I.). There were also significant differences in total keratin and laminin between SCC's and N.S. epidermis. SCCs did not show any significant differences in EMA from P.C. lesions, but T.K. was lower in P.C. lesions than in normal skin.
Lichen Nitidus with Hyperpigmentation
Authors: van de Kerkhof Peder C.M.
Published: April 2015

Lichen nitidus in its monosymptomatic form is a rare condition. In this report a patient is described with a remarkable hyperpigmentation of the lesions. The nosological significance of this finding is discussed.
Induction of Chronic Skin Changes in Intraperitoneally Hematoporphyrin‐Injected Mice with Metal Halide Lamp Irradiation
Authors: Honda Tetsuzo , Nonaka Shigeo , Murayama Fumio , Ohgami Taro , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

To induce chronic skin changes simulating human porphyria, mice which had been injected intraperitoneally with hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride were exposed to metal halide lamps. Clinical and histopathological findings in the mice were observed. Clinically, erythema, edema, erosion, necrosis and crust formation were initially seen in all of the mice treated. Hypertrophy of the skin, scarring, and deformities of the ear lobes followed gradually. Histopathological findings in these skin changes were mainly seen in the dermis and included infiltration of lymphocytes, proliferation of mast cells, dilatation and hyperemia of blood vessels in the upper dermis, and swelling and proliferation of connective tissues. PAS positive materials were deposited in the dermo‐epidermal junction and around the small blood vessels in the upper dermis. Using the direct immunofluorescent technique, the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was confirmed in the same areas, and some deposition of IgM, IgA and C3 was also observed. These findings are similar to those seen in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda.
Properties of Partially Purified Mouse Epidermal Transglutaminase
Authors: Nakayama Juichiro , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Nagae Shonosuke , Asahi Masakazu , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

Mouse epidermal transglutaminase was partially purified from the epidermis of newborn BALB/c mice. The epidermal homogenate was subjected to CM‐cellulose chromatography and then to gel filtration on Sephadex G‐150. Two separate peaks with enzyme activity were reproducibly observed in CM‐cellulose chromatography. Gel filtration on Sephadex G‐150 of the peak fractions in CM‐cellulose chromatography gave a single enzyme activity peak (molecular weight about 55,000). Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.5 showed two major bands with enzyme activity. The final enzyme preparation (Sephadex G‐150 fraction) had a pH optimum of 10.0 in glycine‐NaOH buffer. Calcium ion and SH‐protecting agent (dithiothreitol) were essential for enzyme activity. The enzyme was not inactivated by heating at 56°C for 45 min in the presence of calcium. Trypsin treatment of the enzyme enhanced the activity about threefold; this enhancement was blocked by trypsin inhibitor. The enzyme bound to lysine‐Sepharose 4B in the presence of casein in Tris‐acetate buffer, pH 6.0, at 37°C; 40% of the enzyme activity was eluted from this enzyme‐lysine‐Sepharose complex with 1 M NaCl.
A Case of Poroma Folliculare on the Forearm
Authors: Muramatsu Tsutomu , Shirai Toshihiko , Sakamoto Kuniki , Umeda Sadamu
Published: April 2015

A follicular tumor on the right forearm of a 25‐year‐old woman was reported. Histopathological examination revealed a pear‐shaped tumor mass with trichilemmal keratinization, extending from the surface epidermis into the deep dermis. The tumor was composed of glycogen‐laden cells with slightly clear cytoplasm and contained a hair shaft in the middle lower portion. Numerous squamous eddies were also observed. The histological findings from this tumor corresponded to those of poroma folliculare and inverted follicular keratosis.
Flow Cytometric Sorting and Keratin Analysis of Human Epidermal Basal Cells
Authors: Staquet Marie‐Jeanne , Lawrence Jean‐Jacques , Albert Jacques , Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

A prerequisite condition for the elucidation of the expression of keratin subunits in human basal cells is obtaining highly purified basal cell fractions. A method has therefore been developed for the isolation of the basal cell sub‐population from normal human epidermis at very high purity. Epidermal cell suspensions obtained by trypsinization at 4°C were first enriched in basal cells by selective attachment to collagen. The cells were then stained in suspension with KLI monoclonal antikeratin antibody which had been shown to be reactive with suprabasal cells. The suprabasal cells contaminating the suspensions were then eliminated by selective flow cytometry sorting and basal keratinocyte populations of 99.5% purity were obtained. Analysis of the keratin composition of these cells showed that the large majority of basal cells contained two keratins, one from each keratin subfamily: type I acidic, 50 Kd [keratin no 14 as defined by Moll et al. (1)] and type II basic, 58 Kd [no 5]. Nevertheless, a small subpopulation of basal cells (2%) was shown to express, in addition to the 50/58 Kd subunits, the 56.5/65–67 Kd keratins (nos 10, 1–2) which are regarded as markers for cells committed to terminal differentiation.
A Time Course Study of the Proliferation of Sebaceous Glands Induced by Topically Applied Tetradecane in Rabbit Pinna Skin: Autoradiography and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Motoyoshi Katsuhiro , Ito Masaaki , Sakamoto Fumiko , Sato Yoshio
Published: April 2015

Topically applied tetradecane is known to produce marked hyperplasia of sebaceous glands in the inner side skin of male rabbit pinnas. An autoradiographic and ultrastructural study was performed on these sebaceous glands to determine the changes in the proliferation activity of the peripheral sebaceous cells and their morphological changes.

In a microautoradiographic study using 3H‐thymidine, the labeling index of the peripheral cells decreased at an early stage and thereafter rapidly increased up to ten times the normal level. The ultrastructural study of the treated pinnas showed a remarkable increase in the number of undifferentiated sebaceous cells. They were oval to cuboid in shape and formed several cell layers. Among these cells, electron dense sebaceous cells existed; this morphological change was already evident at hour (hr) 24 and gradually became remarkable with the time course.

From these findings, it is clear that topically applied tetradecane may cause temporal damage to the peripheral sebaceous cells in the early stages and then active proliferation of these cells, probably by a stimulation of their DNA synthesis, results in production of a large number of sebaceous cells.
Comparison of the Nuclear Contour Index (NCI) and T cell Subsets of Erythematous, Plaque and Tumor Lesions in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides (MF)
Authors: Hantanyapong Yaowalak , Iwahara Kunio , Zhuan Kung Guo , Yaguchi Hitoshi , Nakajima Sumino , Ogawa Hideoki , Sei Yoshihiro , Takiuchi Iwao
Published: April 2015

Using monoclonal T cell antibodies, we compared T cell subsets of skin infiltrates with the nuclear contour index (NCI) of pan T cells of skin infiltrates from erythematous, plaque and tumor lesions in the same patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). In all lesions, the majority of the skin‐infiltrate population were T cells; helper T cells were especially dominant in the plaque and tumor lesions. The NCI of the T cells in skin infiltrates increased in parallel with advancing stages of the lesions in the same patient. The NCI data for T cell and T cell subsets in different stages of lesions in the same patient were similar to data from different stages of lesions in different patients. Therefore, even in tumor stage patients, topical treatment should be selected in accordance with the cytological stage of their lesions.
Multiple Linear Eccrine Spiradenoma Associated with Multiple Trichoepithelioma
Authors: Ikeya Toshihiko
Published: April 2015

A 37‐year‐old woman had multiple trichoepithelioma of the face which showed typical clinical and histological features, together with multiple papular lesions of 30 years' duration. The lesions were arranged in a linear fashion on her right breast and right upper arm. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed typical eccrine spiradenomas.

An ultrastructural study of the tumor on the breast revealed that it was composed of two main types of cells: one was a clear cell with low‐density cytoplasm and the other was a dark cell with high‐density cytoplasm. Some of the clear cells had secretory granule‐like structures and/or tono‐fibrils, while others had intracytoplasmic cavitations. Neither myoepithelial cells nor Langerhans cells were observed.
Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris with Oral 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Morimoto Shigeto , Yoshikawa Kunihiko , Kozuka Takehito , Kitano Yukio , Imanaka Shunji , Fukuo Keisuke , Koh Eio , Hironaka Takashi , Zen Akira , Nabata Takashi , Onishi Toshio , Kumahara Yuichi
Published: April 2015

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease, but its pathogenesis is unknown. This paper presents 2 cases of psoriasis vulgaris in which the skin lesions were improved for 3 months and more after the start of oral treatment with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 at a dose of 0.5 μg/day. The circulating levels of calcium, inorganic phosphate, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were within normal ranges before and after the start of treatment. These findings suggest that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a beneficial effect on psoriatic skin lesions. It probably has a direct effect on enhancing epidermal cell differentiation.

Abbreviations: Ca: calcium, hCT: calcitonin, 25‐OHD: 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐(OH)2D: 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐(OH)2D3: 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, Pi: inorganic phosphate
Disseminated Atypical Granuloma Annulare
Authors: Husz Sándor , Szabó Éva , Hunyadi János , Kohán József , Mónus Zoltán , Simon Nicolaus
Published: April 2015

Generalized granuloma annulare commonly occurs in older adults. Atypical (perforating) forms are well known, but treatment can sometimes be complicated. A case of atypical generalized granuloma annulare successfully treated with PUVA is reported. The histology and immunohistology of the skin, histopathologic, immunohistopathologic and electronmicroscopic studies of the liver, immunoserology and laboratory investigations are detailed. The most important findings were as follows; diabetic glucose tolerance test, typical histology of the skin disease, steatosis and non‐specific reactive hepatitis, focal Kupffer cell proliferation, Kupffer cell autoantibodies in the liver and slightly enhanced liver functions. The hepatic lesions observed and latent diabetes mellitus are considered to be correlated with the generalized dermal symptoms.
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
Authors: Bhatia Krishan Kumar , Kumar Satish , Narang Anju
Published: April 2015

A case of reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) is presented. The lesions appeared in a female at the age of 4 years. So far, the patient has had only two episodes of RPC and both were precipitated by cold weather. The lesions showed the Koebner phenomenon. Histological sections showed the changes of “transepidermal elimination of necrobiotic connective tissue”.
Solitary Angiokeratoma Seen in a Patient with Pretibial Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Maeda Manabu
Published: April 2015

Solitary angiokeratoma was observed on the right leg of a 50‐year‐old Japanese female. In her childhood, she had repeatedly developed vesicles on the legs, and a possible diagnosis of pretibial epidermolysis bullosa was made, based on additional findings. Clinically, the condition resembled malignant melanoma and basal cell epithelioma. Possibly repeated injuries predisposed her to the development of solitary angiokeratoma.
Localization of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in Granulomas of Sarcoidosis Cutaneous Lesions
Authors: Takemura Satoshi , Fujioka Akira , Yasui Yumiko , Baba Shunichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: April 2015

Using an immunofluorescent technique, the localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated in granuloma lesions from the skin of three sarcoidosis cases. Specific fluorescence was observed in epithelioid cells in the sarcoidosis granulomas examined. However, it was not found in any other granulomatous diseases observed as controls, which included granuloma annulare, foreign body granuloma and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. These results indicate that ACE is specifically localized in the epithelioid cells in cutaneous granuloma lesions of sarcoidosis; in one case, it was also observed in Langhans giant cells. Therefore, it is suggested that examination for ACE in cutaneous lesions using an immunofluorescent technique is very useful for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in the skin. We suggest that epithelioid cells of granulomas in sarcoidosis cutaneous lesions may play an important role in the increase of serum ACE activity.
Rabbit Zosteriform Eruption Induced by Intra‐arterial Inoculation of Herpes Simplex Virus, Type 1
Authors: Matsubara Motoo , Kishimoto Saburo , Yasuno Hirokazu , Sotomatsu Shigetaro , Yoshioka Akira , Tanaka Atsuo , Ueda Keiichi , Ohashi Masami
Published: April 2015

Seventeen rabbits were inoculated with 0.1 ml of herpes simplex virus (HSV), type 1, Miyama strain (105,75 TCID50/0.1 ml), via the auricular artery; twelve of them developed zosteriform eruptions (ZE) on the skin. Seven rabbits treated with control medium showed no eruptions. This phenomenon was significant (P<0.01).

ZE was observed about 7 days (mean time: 7.4 days) after inoculation. Although HSV antigen was found in dorsal root ganglia, spleen and liver by an immunofluorescence method, it was not detectable in the skin lesion. IgG, M and C3 were also undetectable in the skin lesion. On the other hand, complement requiring neutralizing antibody (CRN‐Ab) against HSV was detected on the 6th day after inoculation. Conventional neutralizing antibody was found on the 9th day after inoculation, but interferon could not be detected during the experimental period. The pathogenesis of ZE was discussed.
Studies of Blood Histamine Levels during Topical Corticosteroid Therapy Compared with Those during Systemically Administered Corticosteroids
Authors: Tanaka Keiko
Published: April 2015

Blood histamine levels during topical corticosteroid therapy have not been reported, although decreased blood histamine levels are known to occur after the systemic administration of corticosteroid. Blood histamine levels and serum 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids (11‐OHCS) after systemic corticosteroid were compared with those after topical corticosteroid. Both blood histamine and serum 11‐OHCS levels decreased in a parallel and dose‐dependent manner during systemic administration of 0.5‐1.0 mg/day of betamethasone. Blood histamine levels increased and serum 11‐OHCS levels decreased during systemic administration of 0.25 mg/day to the betamethasone and topical corticosteroid group. Changes in blood histamine levels in the topical corticosteroid group appeared between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/day of systemically administered betamethasone.

Fifteen cases of dermatological inpatients suffering from wide‐spread eczema or exfoliative dermatitis were treated with the topical corticosteroids betamethasone 17‐valerate, budesonide and diflorasone diacetate. In each case, blood histamine levels were examined and an equipotent dose of oral administeration of betamethasone was calculated. Thirteen cases in whom blood histamine levels were measured fell into the dosage range from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/day.

In each case, serum 11‐OHCS levels were also examined and an equipotent dose of oral administration of betamethasone was calculated by the same method. Fourteen cases in whom serum 11‐OHCS levels were measured compared to a dose of less than 1.0 mg/day of betamethasone. Blood histamine levels in rats treated with 20 or 50 mg/kg/day of prednisolone were decreased significantly, and peripheral total leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and basophils were also decreased significantly.
KID Syndrome: Congenital Ichthyosiform Dermatosis with Keratitis and Deafness
Authors: Muramatsu Tsutomu , Shirai Toshihiko , Sakamoto Kuniki
Published: April 2015

A 2‐year‐old male with KID syndrome was presented. Family history was negative for similar skin disease. The patient showed generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma, vascularizing keratitis, and neurosensory deafness. Additional clinical features included nail dystrophy, hypotrichosis, anhidrosis, and recurrent cutaneous bacterial and fungal infections. Histologic examination disclosed a basket‐weave pattern of hyperkeratosis and irregular papillomatous configuration of the epidermis. Electron microscopic examination showed an excessive amount of glycogen in the cytoplasm of erector pili muscle cells. This is the first case reported in Japan.
Cutaneous Invasion of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix
Authors: Nishitani Keiko , Nishitani Hiromu , Shimoda Yuichiro
Published: April 2015

We treated a patient with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix with unusual cutaneous manifestation. As this entity is rare, it must be kept in mind when one sees a longstanding fistula of the abdominal wall in the region of an appendectomy scar.
Immunocyte Derived Amyloidosis
Authors: Rajasingam A.S. , Rrishnaram E.M. , Razack Abdul , Zahra Asfa
Published: April 2015

A case of immunocyte derived amyloidosis (primary systemic amyloidosis) is being reported because of its rarity. The absence of petechiae and pinch purpura is particularly intriguing.
A Case of Trichilemmal Cyst on the Leg
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Nakayama Keiji , Ito Fumiyuki , Hoshi Kenji
Published: April 2015

A 46‐year‐old man had a dome‐shaped tumor on his left leg without any involvement. Clinically, we considered epidermal cyst; however, histological features of the skin biopsy matched those of trichilemmal cyst
Multiple Ulcers with Heavy Colonization of Candida albicans on the Napkin Area of an Elderly Individual
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Kawasaki Yohji , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

An elderly diapered male with multiple ulcers on his diaper area is described. Candida albicans had colonized heavily on the ulcers. This condition is an unusual type of candidiasis of the diaper area of an elderly diapered individual.
Congenital Self‐healing Reticulohistiocytosis (Hashimoto‐Pritzker): A Case Report with a Solitary Lesion
Authors: Ofuji Shigeo , Tachibana Sawako , Kanato Mie , Horiguchi Yuji
Published: April 2015

A small, dark‐reddish nodule noted on the left shoulder of a newborn baby showed thick proliferation of atypical histiocytic cells in the dermis with inflammatory infiltrating cells. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of Birbeck's granules in about one‐fourth of the histiocytic cells. At 36 days of age, the nodule disappeared spontaneously; no other skin lesions were observed throughout the course. This case was considered to be a solitary variant of congenital self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis (Hashimoto and Pritzker).
Radioimaging of Malignant Melanoma Xenografts in Nude Mice Using 111In‐labeled Monoclonal Antibody against Human Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Kanamaru Tetsuzan , Takezaki Shin‐ichiro , Nishiyama Shigeo , Ishii Katsumi
Published: April 2015

By using 111In‐labeled monoclonal antibody (ZME‐018) against human malignant melanoma, we examined its usefulness in radioimmunodetection of human melanoma xenografts in nude mice. Two human malignant melanoma cell lines were used in this study, KHm‐1/4; and KHm‐3/ps. KHm‐1/4 cells express melanoma‐associated antigen which is reactive with ZME‐018, whereas KHm‐3/ps cells do not. ZME‐018 was conjugated with DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) first; then the conjugate was labeled with 111In. After these procedures, labeled ZME‐018 retained its binding activity against KHm‐1/4 cells in vitro.

Nude mice, bearing melenoma xenografts started from injections into the right hind legs, were i.p. or i.v. injected with ∽300 μCi (60 μg) of labeled ZME‐018. Tumor images were taken with gamma camera at 24 hr intervals. Clear tumor images were obtained by 24 hrs after injection. The best imaging was obtained at 72 hrs with no background of internal organs. Specific localization was confirmed by the absence of imaging in the mice which received free 111In only and also by using control mice bearing antigen‐negative melanoma cells (KHm‐3/PS). An example of tissue distribution of the labeled antibody in terms of tumor to tissue ratio at day 3 is as follows: tumor/intestine; 20/1, tumor/liver; 10/1, tumor/blood; 8/1, tumor/muscle; 8/1, tumor/heart; 3/1, tumor/kidney; 2/1.

This study demonstrates the future applicability of 111In‐labeled monoclonal anti‐melanoma antibody for radioimmunodetection of metastatic lesions in melanoma patients.
Heterogeneity in Basement Membranes of Skin—Electrostatic Properties of Basal Lamina‐associated Anionic Sites
Authors: Kazama Takashi
Published: April 2015

In order to evaluate the charge‐selective filter function of basement membranes (BMs), electrostatic properties of anionic sites on the BMs of dermo‐epidermal junction were compared with those of the nuclear (the thick capillary wall) and the attenuated (the thin capillary wall) portions of capillary and other small blood vessels by determining salt concentrations required to remove ruthenium red from these BMs of the rat skin previously perfused with the cationic dye. The concentration of NaCl which was required to remove ruthenium red was more than 1.4M for the attenuated portion of capillary and only 1.2M for the other BMs, indicating that the former is more highly negatively charged than the latter. It is suggested that the BM of the attenuated portion of the capillary expedites the charge‐selective exchange of macromolecules more effectively than the other BMs.
Properdin Factor B Allotypes in Japanese Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Dewald George , Nakagawa Hidemi , Tokunaga Katsushi , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Omoto Keiichi
Published: April 2015

The association between psoriasis and several antigens of the HLA system is well established. Factor B of the alternative pathway of complement activation is one of the complement components known to be controlled by a structural gene within the HLA chromosomal region. We investigated the genetic polymorphism of factor B (BF) in 69 Japanese psoriatic patients. By comparing the results with the BF phenotypes of 487 control subjects, we found significantly decreased frequencies of both the BF*F allele (0.01<p<0.025) and the BF FS phenotype in the patients (p=0.01). In individuals carrying the BF F gene product, the relative risk for developing psoriasis decreased to 0.43 (p<0.01). The BF*S allele and the homozygous SS genotype were significantly increased among psoriatic patients. These data suggest that the BF locus is associated with the HLA‐linked psoriasis susceptibility and/or resistance.
False‐positive Thormahlen Test Induced by Latamoxef Sodium
Authors: Murakami Shinji , Shiraishi Satoshi , Miyauchi Shunji , Miki Yoshiharu
Published: April 2015

Intravenous administration of latamoxef sodium (LMOX) induced a false‐positive Thormählen test. When LMOX‐containing urine was alkalinized, the LMOX appeared to dissociate into N‐methyltetrazolthiol (N‐MTT) and a remainder. After subsequent purification of the Thormählen‐positive fraction with methyl ethyl ketone and twice repeated preparative thin‐layer chromatographies (PTLC), a crystalline residue was obtained. It was found to be almost identical to N‐MTT in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pattern and 1H‐NMR analysis.
Dosage de la Fibronectine Plasmatique dans les Épidermolyses Bulleuses Congénitales
Authors: Imaizumi Takashi , Nomura Kazuo , Hashimoto Isao , Katabira Yasuo
Published: April 2015

Comme il est possible que la fibronectine (FN) ait un rapport avec la formation ou la guérison des bulles dans des cas d'épidermolyse bulleuse congénitale (É.B.C.), nous avons effectué les dosages de FN plasmatique dans 10 cas d'É.B.C. (3 É.B. simples, 2 É.B. dystrophiques dominantes, 5 É.B. dystrophiques recessives).

Les taux de FN plasmatique ne sont pas fonction de l'âge et du sexe, mais ils sont en corrélation avec la gravité de la maladie. Résultats selon les types d'épidermolyses; pour celles de type simple, les taux se classent en trois groupes, très bas, bas, normal et leur moyenne est basse aussi, pour celles de type dominant, les taux sont presque normaux, pour celles de type récessif, les taux se classent en deux groupes, normal et bas. Tous les cas, où l'on rencontre des taux de FN bas, sont a l'état évolutif, et l'abaissement de la FN plasmatique est en corrélation inverse avec la gravité (p<0,01).
A Case of Cutaneous Involvement by Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Aso Miki , Hagari Yoshitaka , Shimao Shuhei , Kimura Ryoichi , Shimizu Yasuyuki
Published: April 2015

A 44‐year‐old woman developed an erythematous indurative plaque and papules on the right scapular region. Histological and ultrastructural findings were consistant with sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. However, lymphadenopathy was not demonstrated clinically and the lesion was limited to the skin.

Immunohistochemical study showed that histiocytes were positive for S 100 protein and weakly positive to negative for lysozyme. We consider that the histiocytes in this cutaneous lesion of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy are “T‐zone histiocytes” and related to an immunoreaction to unknown antigens.
Diaper Dermatitis with Granuloma Following Surgery for Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Tamaki Kunihiko , Yokomori Kinji
Published: April 2015

Three Japanese infants who developed diaper dermatitis with granuloma on the perianal area following surgery for Hirschsprung's disease were reported. These granulomas are more similar to those seen in diaper area granuloma of the aged rather than to those of granuloma gluteale infantum.
Drug Eruption Caused by Nitrazepam in a Patient with Severe Pustular Psoriasis Successfully Treated with Methotrexate and Etretinate
Authors: Shoji Akinobu , Kitajima Jun'ichi , Hamada Toshio
Published: April 2015

An allergic drug eruption due to nitrazepam was reported in a patient who had been administered methotrexate and etretinate as concurrent therapies for severe pustular psoriasis. The clinical manifestation included a moon face‐like appearance with edema, a diffuse erythematous rash over almost the entire body the day after taking nitrazepam and, two days later, eroded lesions developing on the cheeks, axillae and genitocrural regions. It was proved by provocation that this drug eruption had an allergic nature.
Histamine Release by Scraching Inflamed Skin
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Katayama Ichiro , Doi Toshiaki
Published: April 2015

Scratching is an exacerbating factor of skin diseases. Plasma histamine level was assessed before and after scratching with a scratch device. Inflamed skin of patients with atopic dermatitis released slight but significant amounts of histamine by scratching, but healthy skin was not affected by scratching.
Biochemical Study of Fecal Porphyrin in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Nonaka Shigeo , Ohgami Taro , Murayama Fumio , Yamashita Kazunori , Nagato Nori , Watanabe Masahisa , Irifune Hiroko , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

Fecal, urinary and erythrocyte porphyrin analyses using the solvent extraction method were performed in 26 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and 144 normal controls. The levels of fecal uroporphyrin (UP) and coproporphyrin (CP) were markedly increased in the PCT group, especially in comparison with the protoporphyrin (PP) level. The values of the UP/PP and CP/PP ratios in the feces were also elevated over those in the control group. It appears that fecal porphyrin excretion is basically similar to urinary porphyrin excretion in PCT. The analysis of fecal porphyrins and the observation of fecal UP/PP and CP/PP ratios may be helpful in the biochemical diagnosis of PCT. In particular, the elevation of CP/PP ratio is characteristic of PCT.
Effect of Human Fibroblast Interferon on Normal Human Monocyte Activation Induced by a Factor Found in Sarcoidosis Sera
Authors: Baba Toru , Yamaguchi Koji , Matsushima Yuji , Hoshino Minoru , Ochiya Takahiro , Baba Akiko , Uyeno Kenichi
Published: April 2015

Effect of human fibroblast interferon (IFN‐β) on normal human monocyte activation induced by the monocyte activating factor found in sarcoidosis sera was studied. Spreading was used as one indicator of monocyte activation. IFN‐β was shown to inhibit spreading of normal human monocytes induced by the activating factor. The inhibitory activity of IFN‐β against monocyte spreading was adsorbed with monoclonal antibody to human IFN‐β‐Sepharose beads. Increases in phagocytosis and glucose consumption of normal human monocytes induced by the activating factor was also inhibited by IFN‐β. Recombinant IFN‐β also showed similar inhibitions.
Electron Microscopic Detection of p97 Antigen on Cell Membranes of Human Melanoma Cell Lines
Authors: Uno Akihiko , Hori Yoshiaki , Saida Toshiaki
Published: April 2015

We investigated the ultrastructural distribution pattern of P97 antigen on the cell surface of cultured human melanoma cells with ferritin‐labelled antibody and confirmed the sialic acid nature of the epitope by use of neuraminidase and wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin which binds specifically to sialic acid.

At the ultrastructural level, the melanoma‐associated antigen, p97, exists mainly as a solitary element on the cell surface of the cultured human melanoma cell. In small areas, however, the antigen assembles to form small clusters. Our ultrastructural study supports the thesis that the epitope of p97a consists of sialic acid.
Negative Immunolabelling for Factor VIII‐related Antigen in the So‐called “Sclerosing Haemangiomas” (Histiocytofibromas) of the Skin
Authors: Kanitakis Jean , Hermier Claude , Mauduit Gilles , Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

The cellular composition of the so‐called “sclerosing haemangioma” (or histiocytofibroma‐HF) of the skin has long been controversial and is still uncertain. Histiocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been considered as the cell‐type of origin of these lesions. In order to assess the alleged endothelial derivation of HF cells, we performed an immunohistochemical study of 22 cases of HF of the skin using a polyclonal antibody to factor VIII‐related antigen (F VIII RA) and an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase technique on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections. F VIII RA distinctly decorated the small vessels around and inside the tumours, but HF cells themselves were negative. This result, which agrees with previous enzyme‐histochemical studies, speaks against the endothelial origin of HF cells.
Recovery of Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis Following Standardized Trauma
Authors: den Arend J.A.C.J. , van de Kerkhof Peter C.M.
Published: April 2015

Following a standardized trauma to the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, an overresponse of several metabolic processes occurs. In the present study, barrier functions of normal looking skin of psoriatic patients and healthy controls were assessed during 5 weeks following a standardized injury. Surprisingly, recovery rates of both groups proved to be identical. The significance of this finding in the epidermal homeostasis of psoriasis is discussed.
Effects of PSK Ointment and OK‐432 Ointment of Pseudomonas Burn Wound Infection in Mice
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Saito Hajime
Published: April 2015

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated onto wound surfaces of burned mice, PSK ointment consisting of Solbase and PSK (a protein‐bound polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor) and OK‐432 ointment consisting of Solbase and OK‐432 (an attenuated Streptococcus pyogenes Su) enhanced the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and promoted the healing of the burn wounds. Bacteria‐eliminating and wound‐healing effects of these ointments were much the same or somewhat better than those of commercially available ointments such as Geben (Silvadene) and Mafatate (Sulfamylon) creams.
Three Cases of Sporotrichosis with Numerous Fungal Elements
Authors: Mohri Shinobu , Nakajima Hiroshi , Kurosawa Tsutae , Takanashi Yuzo , Takahashi Yasuhide , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

Three cases of sporotrichosis with numerous fungal elements were reported. Clinically these cases showed nodules to plaques with ulceration. Histologically, they showed unusual features, including histiocytic granuloma in the upper to middle dermis which contained few neutrophils but were surrounded by lymphocytes and epithelioid cells. There was no formation of an abscess. Fungal elements were found in abundance in the histiocytic granuloma, mainly in the form of oval or round spores of varying sizes, some of them produced germ tubes. No asteroid bodies were found. The spores stained positively with HE and PAS, and, in case 1, with anti‐Sporothrix schenckii antiserum. All three cases had been treated with topical corticosteroid ointment. In one case, after the topical corticosteroid treatment was stopped, the histological pattern returned to the usual features seen in sporotrichosis, and fungal elements decreased significantly. This unusual histological pattern was also observed in a specimen from a healthy control infected with Sporothrix schenckii and treated with steroid ointment. These histological and fungal patterns may be possibly induced by the local immunodeficiency following topical steroid treatment.
Evaluation of the Skin Test Reactions in Patients with Delayed Type Rash Induced by Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Authors: Aihara Michiko , Ikezawa Zenro
Published: April 2015

Skin test reactions were evaluated in 39 patients with delayed type generalized drug eruptions in which penicillins (PCs) or cephalosporins (CSs) were proved to be the causative drugs by intradermal testing and provocation. They were also compared with the experimental PC/CS rash of guinea pigs reported previously. The skin test was positive in 37 (95%) of 39 patients tested and in 13 (87%) of 15 patients, in whom the causative drugs were identified by provocation, in which intradermal testing with 2 to 10% PC/CS in saline solution was employed and the skin test reaction was observed not only 24 hours later but also 6 to 9 hours later. It is considered that the skin test is a valuable in vivo test for the diagnosis of drug allergy. From the skin test reaction, it appears that the PC/CS rash is classified into at least two different reactions, the Jones‐Mote type reaction and the tuberculin type reaction. No cross reactions between PC and CS derivatives were observed in either the skin testing or the provocation in man, which is the same pattern seen in the animal model. Cross reactions among the PC derivatives in man were not found as frequently as expected from the results in animals.
A New Keratinolytic Proteinase from Clinical Isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Tsuboi Ryoji , Ko Ik‐Jun , Matsuda Kazuko , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

A new keratinolytic proteinase produced by each of three clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was found in culture filtrates containing human strarum corneum as a nitrogen source. The partially purified proteinase fraction exhibited serine proteinase‐like characteristics in spite of its weakly acidic optimum pH. The existence of a keratinolytic proteinase with enzyme activity under acidic conditions could be an important pathogenic element in dermatophytic invasion of weakly acidic healthy skin.
Amyloidogenesis in a Case of Cutaneous Amyloidosis: An Electron Microscopic Study Using the Refixation‐reembedding Method
Authors: Horiguchi Yuji , Ikai Kouichi , Danno Kiichiro , Horiguchi Michiko , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

A case of the hyperkeratotic type of macular amyloidosis was electron microscopically examined using the refixation‐reembedding method. All the cytoid bodies seen in the dermis were amyloid islets associated with malformed basal lamina‐like material. The uppermost amyloid islets were in close apposition to the basal cells, which had neither hemidesmosomes nor intact basal lamina. Anchoring fibril‐like filaments were seen between the amyloid islets and the basal lamina‐like material. Many fibrillar bodies and clusters were present in the spinous layer, but not in the dermis. Masses of eosinophilic, PAS‐positive ovoid bodies seen in the horny layer were tightly packed fibrillar bodies shifted from the spinous layer to the horny layer. These findings suggest that the disturbed basal cells produce an amyloid substance in the dermis, as well as malformed basal lamina. The colloid bodies formed by the degeneration of the basal cells seemed to shift up to the horny layer but not to contribute to the amyloidogenesis in this case.
Mechanism of Blister Formation in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: I. Histopathological Observation of Blisters in Three Cases of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Nagato Nori , Nonaka Shigeo , Ohgami Taro , Murayama Fumio , Yamashita Kazunori , Irifune Hiroko , Watanabe Masahisa , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

We performed a histopathological investigation of the bullous lesions in 3 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda. All cases showed subepidermal bullae by light microscopy. PAS positive materials were present on the roof of the bullae and partially present on their bases. Electron‐microscopically, the basal lamina was clearly recognized on the base. From these results, we suggest that the blister in porphyria cutanea tarda occurs initially within the junctional zone; this initial bulla may quickly change into a dermolytic bulla with additional stimulation.
Contemplative Immune Mechanism of Lucio Phenomenon and Its Global Status
Authors: Sehgal Virendra N. , Srivastava Govind , Sharma Vinay K.
Published: April 2015

Lucio's phenomenon is infrequent in our experience. Only 2 young men on multi‐drug therapy were seen among 36 erythema nodosum leprosum reaction cases in the last four years. It first appeared as extensive crops of puerpuric macules which transformed into dome‐shaped polygonal pustules and multiangular, bizarre, punched out ulcers. Necrotic greyish‐white debris was prominent the histological features were diagnostic. Multi‐drug therapy seemed to have instigated the process. The classical as well as the alterative pathway of complement activation is incriminated in its probable immune mechanism.
Cutaneous Changes in Trichinellosis Seen in Japan
Authors: Hanada Katsumi , Hashimoto Isao , Yamaguchi Tomio , Ezaki Yoshihiko
Published: April 2015

Since 1974, three outbreaks of human trichinellosis have been reported from Japan with a total of 87 cases. A characteristic skin rash was seen together with muscle pain, fever, malaise, periorbital edema and marked eosinophilia. The rash appeared in all cases as fine red maculopapular plaques with an urticarial character. Although the reason for the high frequency of the rash is obscure, it seemed to be one of the most valuable symptoms of human trichinellosis in Japan.
Treatment of Severe Psoriasis with Low Dose Cyclosporin A and the Effect on the Helper‐suppressor T Cell Ratio in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuo , Ikezawa Zenro , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

Oral administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) 14 mg/kg/day has been reported to improve psoriasis in a double‐blind study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a lower dose of CsA in severe psoriasis and to monitor lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in order to detect its mechanism of action. Eleven patients with severe, active psoriasis were treated only with oral administration of 5 mg/kg/day CsA twice a day for 3 months, during which they were closely examined, including single‐ and two‐color analysis of lymphocyte surface markers by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Seven patients showed improvement within a week, and the others within 2‐3 weeks. Five patients had total remission, 2 showed marked improvement, and 4 showed moderate improvement; no clinically important side effects, except hypertrichosis in 2 females were seen. In the peripheral blood of patients treated with CsA there was a decrease in the percentages of helper inducer (CD4+4B4+)T(Thi) cells, while no significant decrease was found in those of suppressor inducer (CD4+2H4+)T(Tsi), suppressor effector (CD8+CD11+)T(Tse), or cytotoxic (CD8+CD11‐)T(Tc) cells, resulting in a decrease in the ratio of Thi to Tsi, Tse and Tc. The activated helper (CD4+HLA‐DR+)—suppressor (CD8+HLA‐DR+)T cell ratio was also decreased. These immunological findings obtained from the patients were consistent with in vitro studies of CsA reported earlier and may well explain the effectiveness of CsA in psoriasis as observed in this study.
Monocyte Activating Factor Originally Found in Sarcoidosis Sera
Authors: Baba Toru , Matsushima Yuji , Onozaki Kikuo , Baba Akiko , Uyeno Kenichi
Published: April 2015

The culture medium for normal human monocytes pretreated with interleukin (IL)‐1, either α and β, induced normal human monocytes to spread and to increase Fc (IgG) receptor sites, angiotensin converting enzyme production and glucose consumption of normal human monocytes, suggesting that this medium contains a monocyte activating factor(s). On TSK G3000SW gel filtration, the major monocyte activating factor in the culture medium and that in sarcoidosis serum were eluted at the same position (with a molecular weight of about 70,000). Thus, IL‐1 may be able to induce normal human monocytes to produce a monocyte activating factor quite similar to that found in sarcoidosis serum.