bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Régi módszerek a kibertérben? (CYBER-HUMINT, OSINT, SOCMINT, Social Engineering)
Authors: Dobák Imre , Tóth Tamás
Published: February 2021

This study examines the emergence and category boundaries of the traditional HUMINT in the cyberspace, which is a dynamically developing field nowadays. The issue of CYBER-HUMINT has appeared in the last ten years, and its conceptual category hasn’t been still fixed with exact boundaries. Its international literature can be regarded as relatively scarce, similar to the issue of the method of gathering information using social networking sites (SOCMINT). However, there is an abundance of literature on open source information gathering (OSINT) and the phenomenon of social engineering (SE), whose methodological boundaries often overlap with HUMINT in the cyberspace. The aim of the publication is to review the increasingly intertwined areas of information gathering, making an attempt to prepare a system of criteria that promotes demarcation.
Arrived: 22 August 2020Accepted: 20 Sept 2020
Rendszerváltozás a börtönnevelésben
Authors: Forgács Judit
Published: February 2021

The penal systems of the former socialist countries possess a certain similarity in their conceptions, the structure of their system of execution and their operation until the political change of regime, since all of them were based on Soviet patterns. Correctional efforts built on ideological education were lacking the capacity to answer questions related to the function of correctional institutions even before the change of regime. Taking into account the above, in this study I will endeavour to analyse the directions of corrections and correctional education before the change of regime and during the decade that followed it.
Arrived: 15 May 2020Accepted: 16 July 2020
A tudomány fejlődése töretlen
Authors: Dános Valér , Szabó Csaba
Published: February 2021

Both Pfizer-BioNTech’s and Moderna’s corona virus vaccines have been developed on the basis of the mRNA-mediated therapy, discovered by Katalin Karikó, Hungarian-born professor and senior vice president of BioNTech and her co-discover Drew Weissman, a professor of the University of Pennsylvania. The greatest scientific achievement of Katalin Karikó’s research work over more than two decades is the elaboration of the mRNA-mediated method for therapeutic application. For Professor Karikó was a special milestone the moment when the first vaccine for COVID-19 was created based on this technology. Her breakthrough discovery has a potent scientific importance invaccine research, as people are all around the world looking forward to the end of pandemic and lockdown restrictions with arrival of vaccines, hoping that life could finally return to normality. However, we have to remark that many questions emerge concerning the effect mechanism of this new type of vaccines, their side or long-term effects, as well as the duration of immunity or the risk of reinfection. These questions lead to uncertainty in connection with vaccination, therefore here are clear answers needed. In the fight against the virus, beside healthcare workers, military and police personnel belong to the category of highest risk of infection, therefore, it is crucial to achieve as high vaccination rates in their ranks as possible. To reach this goal, it is important to have authentic information about the vaccine and the indicators of the immune response. As, the unknown always creates fear and uncertainty we intend to put an end to such fears with the help of this interview with Katalin Karikó and to support hesitant colleagues’ decision-making process to get themselves vaccinated. We asked Professor Katalin Karikó about vaccine research, the wide area of application of the mRNA-mediated therapy, about skepticism concerning vaccination and about her personal connections to police forces and to scientific research in the field of law enforcement. She was interviewed by Valér Dános and Csaba Szabó.
EMPIRICAL SHEAR BASED MODEL FOR PREDICTING PLATE END DEBONDING IN FRP STRENGTHENED RC BEAMS
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed K. , Al-Saawani Mohammed A. , Al-Negheimish Abdulaziz I.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the development of a simplified model for predicting plate end (PE) debonding capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams flexurally strengthened using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). The proposed model is based on the concrete shear strength of the beams considering main parameters known to affect the opening of the shear cracks and consequently affect PE debonding. The model considers also the effect of the location of the cut-off point of FRP plate along the span of the beam. The proposed model was verified against experimental database of 128 FRP-strengthened beams collected from previous studies that failed in PE debonding. In addition, the predictions of the proposed model were also compared with those of the existing PE debonding models. The predictions of the model were found to be comparable to the best predictions provided by the existing models, yet the proposed model is simpler. Furthermore, the proposed model was combined with the ACI 440 IC debonding equation to provide a procedure for predicting the governing debonding failure mode in FRP strengthened RC beams. The procedure was validated against 238 beam tests available in the literature, and shown to be a reliable approach.
TESS Observations of the WASP-121 b Phase Curve
Authors: Daylan Tansu , Günther Maximilian N. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Sing David K. , Wong Ian , Shporer Avi , Niraula Prajwal , Wit Julien de , Koll Daniel D. B. , Parmentier Vivien , Fetherolf Tara , Kane Stephen R. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Charbonneau David , Henze Christopher E. , Paegert Martin , Rinehart Stephen , Rose Mark , Sha Lizhou , Quintana Elisa , Villasenor Jesus Noel
Published: February 2021

We study the red-optical photometry of the ultrahot Jupiter WASP-121 b as observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and model its atmosphere through a radiative transfer simulation. Given its short orbital period of ∼1.275 days, inflated state, and bright host star, WASP-121 b is exceptionally favorable for detailed atmospheric characterization. Toward this purpose, we use allesfitter to characterize its full red-optical phase curve, including the planetary phase modulation and secondary eclipse. We measure the day- and nightside brightness temperatures in the TESS passband as

and

K, respectively, and do not find a statistically significant phase shift between the brightest and substellar points. This is consistent with inefficient heat recirculation on the planet. We then perform an atmospheric retrieval analysis to infer the dayside atmospheric properties of WASP-121 b, such as its bulk composition, albedo, and heat recirculation. We confirm the temperature inversion in the atmosphere and suggest H−, TiO, and VO as potential causes of the inversion, absorbing heat at optical wavelengths at low pressures. Future Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope observations of WASP-121 b will benefit from its first full phase curve measured by TESS.
FRB131104 Swift/BAT Data Revisited: No Evidence of a Gamma-Ray Counterpart
Authors: Sakamoto T. , Troja E. , Lien A. , Zhang B. , Cenko S. B. , Cunningham V. , Berger E.
Published: February 2021

We present a reanalysis of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) data around the radio detection of FRB 131104. Possible evidence of a gamma-ray counterpart was presented by DeLaunay et al. However, based on our analysis using all the available BAT data, no significant emission is found in either the temporal or the image domain. We place a 5σ fluence upper limit of 3.3 × 10−6 erg cm−2 and 2.7 × 10−6 erg cm−2 (15–150 keV) with an integration time of 300 s assuming a simple power-law spectrum with photon index of −1.2 and −2.0, respectively. Our result does not support the association of this FRB with a high-energy counterpart, in agreement with growing observational evidence that most FRBs are not associated with catastrophic events such as gamma-ray bursts.
Ultramassive Black Holes in the Most Massive Galaxies: M
BH–σ versus M
BH–R
b
Authors: Dullo Bililign T. , Gil de Paz Armando , Knapen Johan H.
Published: February 2021

We investigate the nature of the relations between black hole (BH) mass (M
BH) and the central velocity dispersion (σ) and, for core-Sérsic galaxies, the size of the depleted core (R
b). Our sample of 144 galaxies with dynamically determined M
BH encompasses 24 core-Sérsic galaxies, thought to be products of gas-poor mergers, and reliably identified based on high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging. For core-Sérsic galaxies, i.e., combining normal-core (R
b < 0.5 kpc) and large-core galaxies (R
b ≳ 0.5 kpc), we find that M
BH correlates remarkably well with R
b such that

M

BH

∝

R

b

1.20
±
0.14

(rms scatter in log M
BH of Δrms ∼ 0.29 dex), confirming previous works on the same galaxies apart from three new ones. Separating the sample into Sérsic, normal-core and large-core galaxies, we find that Sérsic and normal-core galaxies jointly define a single log-linear M
BH–σ relation M
BH ∝ σ
4.88±0.29 with Δrms ∼ 0.47 dex; however, at the high-mass end, large-core galaxies (four with measured M
BH) are offset upward from this relation by (2.5–4) × σ
s, explaining the previously reported steepening of the M
BH–σ relation for massive galaxies. Large-core spheroids have magnitudes M

V
 ≲ −23.50 mag, half-light radii R
e ≳ 10 kpc, and are extremely massive, M
* ≳ 1012
M
☉. Furthermore, these spheroids tend to host ultramassive BHs (M
BH ≳ 1010
M
☉) tightly connected with their R
b rather than σ. The less popular M
BH–R
b relation exhibits ∼62% less scatter in log M
BH than the M
BH–σ relations. Our findings suggest that large-core spheroids form via multiple major “dry” merger events involving super/ultramassive BHs, consistent with the flattening of the σ–L

V
relation observed at M

V
 ≲ −23.5 mag.
Final Compact Remnants in Core-collapse Supernovae from 20 to 40 M
⊙: The Lower Mass Gap
Authors: Liu Tong , Wei Yun-Feng , Xue Li , Sun Mou-Yuan
Published: February 2021

A mass paucity of compact objects in the range of ∼2–5 M
⊙ has been suggested by X-ray binary observations, namely, the “lower mass gap.” Gravitational wave detections have unlocked another mass measurement method, and aLIGO/Virgo has observed some candidates in the gap. We revisit the numerical simulations on the core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) for ∼20–40 M
⊙ progenitor stars with different initial explosion energies. As a result, the lower explosion energy naturally causes more efficient fallback accretion for low-metallicity progenitors, and then the newborn black holes (BHs) in the center of the CCSNe can escape from the gap, but neutron stars cannot easily collapse into BHs in the gap; nevertheless, the final remnants of the solar-metallicity progenitors stick to the gap. If we consider that only drastic CCSNe can be observed and that those with lower explosion energies are universal, the lower mass gap can be reasonably built. The width and depth of the gap are mainly determined by the typical CCSN initial explosion energy and metallicity. One can expect that the future multimessenger observations of compact objects delineate the shape of the gap, which might constrain the properties of the CCSNe and their progenitors.
Harmonic Radio Emission in Randomly Inhomogeneous Plasma
Authors: Tkachenko Anna , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Voshchepynets Andrii
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, we describe a theoretical model of the generation of harmonic emissions of type III solar radio bursts. The goal of our study is to fully take into account the most efficient physical processes involved in the generation of harmonic electromagnetic emission via nonlinear coupling of Langmuir waves in randomly inhomogeneous plasma of solar wind (

). We revisit the conventional mechanism of coalescence of primarily generated and back-scattered Langmuir waves in quasihomogeneous plasma. Additionally, we propose and investigate another mechanism that generates harmonic emission only in a strongly inhomogeneous plasma: the nonlinear coupling of incident and reflected Langmuir waves inside localized regions with enhanced plasma density (clumps), in the close vicinity of the reflection point. Both mechanisms imply the presence of strong density fluctuations in plasma. We use the results of a probabilistic model of beam–plasma interaction and evaluate the efficiency of energy transfer from Langmuir waves to harmonic emission. We infer that harmonic emissions from a quasihomogeneous plasma are significantly more intense than found in previous studies. The efficiency of Langmuir wave conversion into electromagnetic harmonic emission is expected to be higher at large heliospheric distances for the mechanism operating in quasihomogeneous plasma and at small heliocentric distances for the one operating in inhomogeneous plasma. The evaluation of emission intensity in quasihomogeneous plasma may also be applied for type II solar radio bursts. The radiation pattern in both cases is quadrupolar, and we show that emission from density clumps may efficiently contribute to the visibility of harmonic radio emission.
A Single-pulse Study of PSR J1022+1001 Using the FAST Radio Telescope
Authors: Feng Yi , Hobbs G. , Li D. , Dai S. , Zhu W. W. , Yue Y. L. , Wang P. , Zhang S.-B. , Qian L. , Zhang L. , Wang S. Q. , Miao C. C. , Yuan M. , Zhang Y.-K.
Published: February 2021

Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we have recorded ∼105 single pulses from PSR J1022+1001. We studied the polarization properties, their energy distribution, and their times of arrival. This is only possible with the high sensitivity available using FAST. There is no indication that PSR J1022+1001 exhibits giant pulse, nulling, or traditional mode changing phenomena. The energy in the leading and trailing components of the integrated profile is shown to be correlated. The degree of both linear and circular polarization increases with the pulse flux density for individual pulses. Our data indicates that pulse jitter leads to an excess noise in the timing residuals of 67 ns when scaled to one hour, which is consistent with Liu et al. We have unsuccessfully trialed various methods to improve timing precision through the selection of specific single pulses. Our work demonstrates that FAST can detect individual pulses from pulsars that are observed in order to detect and study gravitational waves. This capability enables detailed studies, and parameterization, of the noise processes that affect the sensitivity of a pulsar timing array.
Constraining the Quasar Radio-loud Fraction at z ∼ 6 with Deep Radio Observations
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , Wang Ran , Momjian Emmanuel , Bañados Eduardo , Zeimann Greg , Willott Chris J. , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Omont Alain , Shao Yali , Li Qiong , Li Jianan
Published: February 2021

We carry out a series of deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) S-band observations of a sample of 21 quasars at z ∼ 6. The new observations expand the searches of radio continuum emission to the optically faint quasar population at the highest redshift with rest-frame

4400

Å

luminosities down to

3
×

10

11

L

⊙

. We report the detections of two new radio-loud quasars: CFHQS J2242+0334 (hereafter J2242+0334) at z = 5.88 and CFHQS J0227−0605 (hereafter J0227−0605) at z = 6.20, detected with 3 GHz flux densities of

87.0
±
6.3

μ
Jy

and

55.4
±
6.7

μ
Jy

, respectively. Their radio loudnesses are estimated to be 54.9 ± 4.7 and 16.5 ± 3.2, respectively. To better constrain the radio-loud fraction (RLF), we combine the new measurements with the archival VLA L-band data as well as available data from the literature, considering the upper limits for non-detections and possible selection effects. The final derived RLF is 9.4 ± 5.7% for the optically selected quasars at z ∼ 6. We also compare the RLF to that of the quasar samples at low redshift and check the RLF in different quasar luminosity bins. The RLF for the optically faint objects is still poorly constrained due to the limited sample size. Our results show no evidence of significant quasar RLF evolution with redshift. There is also no clear trend of RLF evolution with quasar UV/optical luminosity due to the limited sample size of optically faint objects with deep radio observations.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Kinematics of Stars and Gas in Brightest Group Galaxies—The Role of Group Dynamics
Authors: Raouf Mojtaba , Smith Rory , Khosroshahi Habib G. , Sande Jesse van de , Bryant Julia J. , Cortese Luca , Brough S. , Croom Scott M. , Hwang Ho Seong , Driver Simon , López-Sánchez Ángel R. , Ko Jongwan , Kim Jae-Woo , Shin Jihye , Scott Nicholas , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Richards Samuel N. , Owers Matt , Lawrence J. S. , Konstantopoulos Iraklis S.
Published: February 2021

We study the stellar and gas kinematics of the brightest group galaxies (BGGs) in dynamically relaxed and unrelaxed galaxy groups for a sample of 154 galaxies in the SAMI galaxy survey. We characterize the dynamical state of the groups using the luminosity gap between the two most luminous galaxies and the BGG offset from the luminosity centroid of the group. We find that the misalignment between the rotation axis of gas and stellar components is more frequent in the BGGs in unrelaxed groups, although with quite low statistical significance. Meanwhile, galaxies whose stellar dynamics would be classified as “regular rotators” based on their kinemetry are more common in relaxed groups. We confirm that this dependency on group dynamical state remains valid at fixed stellar mass and Sérsic index. The observed trend could potentially originate from a differing BGG accretion history in virialized and evolving groups. Among the halo relaxation probes, the group BGG offset appears to play a stronger role than the luminosity gap on the stellar kinematic differences of the BGGs. However, both the group BGG offset and luminosity gap appear to roughly equally drive the misalignment between the gas and stellar component of the BGGs in one direction. This study offers the first evidence that the dynamical state of galaxy groups may influence the BGG's stellar and gas kinematics, and we call for further studies using a larger sample with higher signal-to-noise.
Clouds in Three-dimensional Models of Hot Jupiters over a Wide Range of Temperatures. I. Thermal Structures and Broadband Phase-curve Predictions
Authors: Roman Michael T. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Rauscher Emily , Harada Caleb K. , Bean Jacob L. , Stevenson Kevin B.
Published: February 2021

Using a general circulation model (GCM), we investigate trends in simulated hot Jupiter atmospheres for a range of irradiation temperatures (1500–4000 K), surface gravities (10 and 40 m s−2), and cloud conditions. Our models include simplified temperature-dependent clouds with radiative feedback and show how different cloud compositions, vertical thicknesses, and opacities shape hot Jupiter atmospheres by potentially increasing planetary albedos, decreasing photospheric pressures and nightside temperatures, and in some cases producing strong dayside thermal inversions. With decreasing irradiation, clouds progressively form on the nightside and cooler western limb, followed by the eastern limb and central dayside. We find that clouds significantly modify the radiative transport and affect the observable properties of planets colder than T
irr ≈ 3000 K (T
eq ≈ 2100 K) depending on the clouds’ vertical extent. The precise strength of expected effects depends on the assumed parameters, but trends in predicted phase curves emerge from an ensemble of simulations. Clouds lead to larger phase-curve amplitudes and smaller phase-curve offsets at IR wavelengths, compared to cloud-free models. At optical wavelengths, we predict mostly westward phase-curve offsets at intermediate temperatures (T
irr ≈ 2000–3500 K) with clouds confined to the nightside and western limb. If clouds are vertically compact (i.e., on the order of a pressure scale height in thickness), their distributions and effects become more complicated as different condensates form at different heights—some too deep to significantly affect the observable atmosphere. Our results have implications for interpreting the diversity of phase-curve observations of planets with T
irr ≲ 3000 K.
Extremely Energetic Supernova Explosions Embedded in a Massive Circumstellar Medium: The Case of SN 2016aps
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Nicholl Matt , Moriya Takashi J. , Takiwaki Tomoya
Published: February 2021

We perform one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of energetic supernova (SN) ejecta colliding with a massive circumstellar medium (CSM) aimed at explaining SN 2016aps, likely the brightest SN observed to date. SN 2016aps was a superluminous Type IIn SN, which released as much as

erg of thermal radiation. Our results suggest that the multiband light curve of SN 2016aps is well explained by the collision of a

SN ejecta with the explosion energy of 1052 erg and a

wind-like CSM with the outer radius of 1016 cm, that is, a hypernova explosion embedded in a massive CSM. This finding indicates that very massive stars with initial masses larger than

, which supposedly produce highly energetic SNe, occasionally eject their hydrogen-rich envelopes shortly before the core collapse. We suggest that the pulsational pair-instability SNe may provide a natural explanation for the massive CSM and the energetic explosion. We also provide the relations among the peak luminosity, the radiated energy and the rise time for interacting SNe with the kinetic energy of 1052 erg, which can be used for interpreting SN 2016aps–like objects in future surveys.
Identifying Strong Gravitational-wave Lensing during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
Authors: Liu Xiaoshu , Hernandez Ignacio Magaña , Creighton Jolien
Published: February 2021

We perform Bayesian model selection with parameter estimation to identify potentially lensed gravitational-wave images from the second observing run (O2) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Specifically, we compute the Bayesian evidence for a pair of events being lensed or not lensed (unlensed) using nested sampling. We consider in the model selection the discrete coalescence phase shifts that can be induced if the gravitational-wave signal intersects with the lens caustics. We find that the pair of events, GW170104 and GW170814 with a π/2 coalescence phase shift, has a significant Bayes factor (

) favoring the lensing hypothesis. However, after taking into account the long time delay of approximately 7 months between events, the timing Bayes factor is significantly small (B

t
∼ 8.7 × 10−2). The prior probability for detecting strongly lensed pairs at O2 sensitivity is exceedingly small for both galaxy and galaxy cluster lensing. Combining the lensing and timing Bayes factors with the prior odds on lensing gives an odds ratio of

. With the value of the odds ratio after including model dependence of the timing and prior odds factors, we do not have strong evidence to demonstrate that the aforementioned pair is strongly lensed.
Where Have All the Solar-like Stars Gone? Rotation Period Detectability at Various Inclinations and Metallicities
Authors: Reinhold Timo , Shapiro Alexander I. , Witzke Veronika , Nèmec Nina-E. , Işık Emre , Solanki Sami K.
Published: February 2021

The plethora of photometric data collected by the Kepler space telescope has promoted the detection of tens of thousands of stellar rotation periods. However, these periods are not found to an equal extent among different spectral types. Interestingly, early G-type stars with near-solar rotation periods are strongly underrepresented among those stars with known rotation periods. In this study we investigate whether the small number of such stars can be explained by difficulties in the period determination from photometric time series. For that purpose, we generate model light curves of early G-type stars with solar rotation periods for different inclination angles, metallicities, and (magnitude-dependent) noise levels. We find that the detectability is determined by the predominant type of activity (i.e., spot or faculae domination) on the surface, which defines the degree of irregularity of the light curve, and further depends on the level of photometric noise. These two effects significantly complicate the period detection and explain the lack of solar-like stars with known near-solar rotation periods. We conclude that the rotation periods of the majority of solar-like stars with near-solar rotation periods remain undetected to date. Finally, we promote the use of new techniques to recover more periods of near-solar rotators.
RELICS-DP7: Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Dichromatic Primeval Galaxy at z ∼ 7
Authors: Pelliccia Debora , Strait Victoria , Lemaux Brian C. , Bradač Maruša , Coe Dan , Bolan Patricia , Bradley Larry D. , Frye Brenda , Gandhi Pratik J. , Mainali Ramesh , Mason Charlotte , Ouchi Masami , Sharon Keren , Trenti Michele , Zitrin Adi
Published: February 2021

We report the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed strong Lyα emitter at z = 7.0281 ± 0.0003, observed as part of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). This galaxy, dubbed “Dichromatic Primeval Galaxy” at z ∼ 7 (DP7), shows two distinct components. While fairly unremarkable in terms of its ultraviolet (UV) luminosity (

∼
0.3

L

UV

*

, where

L

UV

*

is the characteristic luminosity), DP7 has one of the highest observed Lyα equivalent widths (EWs) among Lyα emitters at z > 6 (>200 Å in the rest frame). The strong Lyα emission generally suggests a young metal-poor, low-dust galaxy; however, we find that the UV slope β of the galaxy as a whole is redder than typical star-forming galaxies at these redshifts, −1.13 ± 0.84, likely indicating, on average, a considerable amount of dust obscuration, or an older stellar population. When we measure β for the two components separately, however, we find evidence of differing UV colors, suggesting two separate stellar populations. Also, we find that Lyα is spatially extended and likely larger than the galaxy size, hinting to the possible existence of a Lyα halo. Rejuvenation or merging events could explain these results. Either scenario requires an extreme stellar population, possibly including a component of Population III stars, or an obscured active galactic nucleus. DP7, with its low UV luminosity and high Lyα EW, represents the typical galaxies that are thought to be the major contribution to the reionization of the universe, and for this reason DP7 is an excellent target for follow-up with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Intermediate-mass Black Holes from High Massive-star Binary Fractions in Young Star Clusters
Authors: González Elena , Kremer Kyle , Chatterjee Sourav , Fragione Giacomo , Rodriguez Carl L. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Ye Claire S. , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: February 2021

Black holes formed in dense star clusters, where dynamical interactions are frequent, may have fundamentally different properties than those formed through isolated stellar evolution. Theoretical models for single-star evolution predict a gap in the black hole mass spectrum from roughly 40–120 M
⊙ caused by (pulsational) pair-instability supernovae. Motivated by the recent LIGO/Virgo event GW190521, we investigate whether black holes with masses within or in excess of this “upper-mass gap” can be formed dynamically in young star clusters through strong interactions of massive stars in binaries. We perform a set of N-body simulations using the CMC cluster-dynamics code to study the effects of the high-mass binary fraction on the formation and collision histories of the most massive stars and their remnants. We find that typical young star clusters with low metallicities and high binary fractions in massive stars can form several black holes in the upper-mass gap and often form at least one intermediate-mass black hole. These results provide strong evidence that dynamical interactions in young star clusters naturally lead to the formation of more massive black hole remnants.
Evolution of Retrograde Orbiters in an Active Galactic Nucleus Disk
Authors: Secunda Amy , Hernandez Betsy , Goodman Jeremy , Leigh Nathan W. C. , McKernan Barry , Ford K. E. Saavik , Adorno Jose I.
Published: February 2021

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks have been proposed as promising locations for the mergers of stellar-mass black hole binaries (BBHs). Much recent work has been done on this merger channel, but the majority focuses on stellar-mass black holes (BHs) orbiting in the prograde direction. Little work has been done to examine the impact of retrograde orbiters (ROs) on the formation and mergers of BBHs in AGN disks. Quantifying the retrograde contribution is important, as roughly half of all orbiters should initially be on retrograde orbits when the disk forms. We perform an analytic calculation of the evolution of ROs in an AGN disk. Because this evolution could cause the orbits of ROs to cross those of prograde BBHs, we derive the collision rate between a given RO and a given BBH orbiting in the prograde direction. In the examples given here, ROs in the inner region of the disk experience a rapid decrease in the semimajor axis of their orbits while also becoming highly eccentric in less than a million years. This rapid orbital evolution could lead to extreme mass ratio inspirals detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. The collision rates of our example ROs with prograde BBHs in the migration trap depend strongly on the volume of the inner radiation-pressure-dominated region, which depends on the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH). Rates are lowest for larger-mass SMBHs, which dominate the AGN merger channel, suggesting that merger rates for this channel may not be significantly altered by ROs.
Prejudice Against Citizens with Right-aligned Political Views in Western Cosmopolitan Cities, and Possible Interventions
Authors: Weidlich Vincent
Published: February 2021

Prejudice against citizens with right-aligned political views in western cosmopolitan cities was explored, and possible interventions proposed. Literature and theories were reviewed, with social psychological and sociological theories compiled that explain the reasons for this prejudice and an intervention to solve this problem. Scientific research in social sciences is dominated by bias from left-aligned researchers in social psychology and psychology. Dysfunctional scientific processes prominent in this area of sciences are due to the sacralization of social science. A significantly small percent of social and personality psychologists identify as politically conservative. A significant amount of errors and distortions were found in sociology textbooks. Media and corporation biases toward left-aligned political views were found, and right-aligned individuals are out-group members in cosmopolitan cities. Inoculation by media assignments and critical literacy education is proposed, that could prevent school students from being influenced by stealth messages and propaganda. Media campaigns targeting the full spectrum of political views is proposed, that could help reduce biases of citizens. A family and community health class is proposed, that could improve student’s psychological, family, and social health. Youth and adult clubs are proposed, that could help reduce animosity between social groups, and promote solidarity and community health.
Le travail à domicile
Authors: Crespin Graciela C. , Debret Richard , Letailleur Danielle , Allombert Myriam , Zerbib Valérie
Published: February 2021

Peut-on travailler avec un enfant tsa comme on travaille avec un enfant au développement typique ? La réponse est non. Si nous nous contentons de les recevoir dans nos bureaux de consultation et nous n’envisagerons pas d’aller au domicile, un certain nombre d’éléments de la problématique des enfants tsa ne viendra pas au jour, et il sera très difficile de les aborder. Cet article aborde les bénéfices de l’intervention au domicile pour les enfants et pour les parents. Le cas de Kofi et celui des sœurs jumelles, enfants suivis à domicile par des intervenants de l’ udap , en sont un exemple.
Proposition d’indicateurs et de critères de qualité dans les établissements accueillant des personnes autistes
Authors: Sadoun Patrick
Published: February 2021

Cet article aborde la délicate question de savoir comment les « beaux discours » concernant les différentes approches pourraient devenir des « réalités de terrain », tangibles et concrètes. Il propose dix indicateurs que les institutions accueillant des personnes autistes devraient prendre en compte afin d’améliorer non seulement le bien-être des usagers mais aussi celui des professionnels. L’auteur cite également dix critères supplémentaires, tout aussi nécessaires que les précédents.
Impact d’empowerment psychologique sur l’engagement organisationnel affectif des enseignants d’enseignement secondaire public Tunisien
Authors: Zouari Ghazi , Dinari Sami
Published: February 2021

La situation de travail difficile des employés remet en cause leur engagement et leur sentiment de fidélité envers l’organisation (Autissier et Wacheux, 2007). Toutefois, leurs perceptions dans leur milieu de travail permettent de trouver du sens aux efforts fournis et de renouer les liens avec l’organisation (Morin, 2003). D’où l’intérêt d’étudier l’influence perçue de l’empowerment psychologique (avec ses quatre cognitions) sur l’engagement organisationnel affectif des enseignants d’enseignement secondaire public Tunisien. Les résultats des équations structurelles menés sur un échantillon de 223 enseignants ont montré que trois parmi les quatre variables de l’empowerment psychologique ; « Sens du travail », « Sentiment d’autodétermination » et « Sentiment d’impact » ont chacune une influence positive et significative sur l’engagement organisationnel affectif tantôt dans une région tantôt dans l’autre.
Capital de mobilité internationale et développement des compétences transversales : cas des étudiant(e)s de la région des Hauts-de-France (Nord de Paris)
Authors: Dokou Gérard Akrikpan Kokou , Vernier Éric , Dang Rey , Houanti L’Hocine
Published: February 2021

Cette recherche répond à la question de l’impact de la mobilité internationale sur le développement des compétences transversales parmi des étudiants impliqués dans des missions d’études ou de stages à l’étranger. En nous appuyant sur les travaux relatifs au capital de mobilité internationale spécifique aux étudiant(e)s (en cohérence avec le développement des compétences transversales), nous avons mené une étude quantitative longitudinale (avant et après la mobilité) auprès de 393 étudiants(e)s du nord de la France. Nous mettons en évidence l’impact positif et significatif de la mobilité internationale sur les compétences transversales, autour de trois thèmes : l’autonomie, le leadership et l’aptitude face aux changements.
Numerical Simulation of Thermal Solvent Replacing Steam under Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage SAGD Process
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Mamora Daulat D.
Published: February 2021

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is one successful thermal recovery technique applied in the Athabasca oil sands in Canada to produce the very viscous bitumen. Water for SAGD is limited in supply and expensive to treat and to generate steam. Consequently, we conducted a study into injecting high-temperature solvent instead of steam to recover Athabasca oil.

In this study, hexane (C6) coinjection at condensing condition is simulated using CMG STARS to analyze the drainage mechanism inside the vapor-solvent chamber. The production performance is compared with an equivalent steam injection case based on the same Athabasca reservoir condition.

Simulation results show that C6 is vaporized and transported into the vapor-solvent chamber. At the condensing condition, high temperature C6 reduces the viscosity of the bitumen more efficiently than steam and can displace out all the original oil. The oil production rate with C6 injection is about 1.5 to 2 times that of steam injection with oil recovery factor of about 100% oil initially-in-place. Most of the injected C6 can be recycled from the reservoir and from the produced oil, thus significantly reduce the solvent cost. Results of our study indicate that high-temperature solvent injection appears feasible although further technical and economic evaluation of the process is required.
The Zinc Finger Protein Zbtb18 Represses Expression of Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Subunits and Inhibits Plasma Cell Differentiation
Authors: Xie Bin , Khoyratty Tariq E. , Abu-Shah Enas , F. Cespedes Pablo , MacLean Andrew J. , Pirgova Gabriela , Hu Zhiyuan , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Dustin Michael L. , Udalova Irina A. , Arnon Tal I.
Published: February 2021

The PI3K pathway plays a key role in B cell activation and is important for the differentiation of Ab producing plasma cells (PCs). Although much is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate PI3K signaling in B cells, the transcriptional regulation of PI3K expression is poorly understood. In this study, we identify the zinc finger protein Zbtb18 as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds enhancer/promoter regions of genes encoding class I PI3K regulatory subunits, subsequently limiting their expression, dampening PI3K signaling and suppressing PC responses. Following activation, dividing B cells progressively downregulated Zbtb18, allowing gradual amplification of PI3K signals and enhanced development of PCs. Human Zbtb18 displayed similar expression patterns and function in human B cells, acting to inhibit development of PCs. Furthermore, a number of Zbtb18 mutants identified in cancer patients showed loss of suppressor activity, which was also accompanied by impaired regulation of PI3K genes. Taken together, our study identifies Zbtb18 as a repressor of PC differentiation and reveals its previously unappreciated function as a transcription modulator of the PI3K signaling pathway.
Role of high dose IV vitamin C and zinc in coronavirus
Authors: Fatima Arooj , Khan Muhammad Usman Ali , Najeeb Mehkaar , Ali Khan Muhammad Yasoob , Haq Faiz Ul
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome- related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), is now considered as an ongoing global pandemic. Common symptoms include pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, sore throat, and loss of sense of taste and smell. Complications that can result from more severe insult on lung tissue is pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can further lead to septic shock. It is also not uncommon to find neurological symptoms in patients suffering from COVID-19. The primary treatment for COVID-19 is symptomatic treatment and supportive care. As there is no known vaccination and antiviral therapy for this disease, there is a desperate need to find an alternative to control and stop the spread of disease. Maintaining adequate micronutrient balance might enhance the immunity and protect from viral infections as well. Vitamin C and zinc helps in improving symptoms and shortening the duration of the common cold. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) possesses pleiotropic physiological activity. High dose Vitamin C has shown to be effective against the common flu, rhinovirus, avian virus, chikungunya, Zika, ARDS, and influenza, and there is evidence that supports the protective effect of high dose IV vitamin C during sepsis-induced ARDS due to COVID-19. Zinc has a profound impact on the replication of viruses. Increasing intracellular zinc concentration along with pyrithione (zinc ionophore) has been shown to impair the replication of several RNA viruses efficiently, including poliovirus, influenza virus and several picornaviruses. A combination of zinc and can also inhibit the replication of SARS-coronavirus in cell culture.
Starnes Fiord
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Sydkap Ice Cap
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Devon Ice Cap - South West
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Sam Ford Fiord
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Home Bay
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Pond Inlet
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Bow River
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

"The Glacier Atlas of Canada is a collection of maps produced as part of the Canadian Glacier Inventory Project. This project was initiated as part of Canada's contribution to the International Hydrological Decade (1965 to 1974). Although publication of this map
series was suspended in the mid-seventies and gaps remain to be filled for some coverage areas, what has been created for this series thus far should prove useful in some aspects of glacier research. These map plates display glaciers and glacier regions. Glaciers are denoted by a numbering system,
which is keyed to Canadian glacier inventory data. Perennial ice and snow, hydrological units and major drainage divides are also denoted."
Depth, duration, and frequency of point rainfall - ratios of 6-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour rainfall to 24-hour extremes; location of recording rain gauges used in the analyses
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

The plate contains four maps. The first map shows the location of recording rain gauges used in the map and their number of years of record. The three other maps show the ratio 6-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes, the ratio 48-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes and the
ratio 72-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes. Ratios of 6-hour/24-hour rainfall vary from less than 0.5 to above 0.8, the lowest being over coastal areas that are more affected by travelling low pressure systems, and the highest over the Prairies and Southern Ontario where convective activity and intense
thunderstorms of short duration predominate. The isolines of the 48-hour/24-hour rainfall ratio show less spatial variation than the other ratios, varying from 1.1 to 1.4. Generally the lowest values are in eastern Canada. The other rainfall ratio chart, 72-hour/24-hour, is very similar to the
48-hour/24-hour chart. The highest ratios above 1.6 are confined to the coastal mountains of British Columbia and along the eastern shore of Baffin Island
Radiation
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: February 2021

The plate contains four maps: (1) map of the global solar radiation network and sunshine recorder network; (2) annual global solar radiation; (3) June cloudless day radiation; and (4) mean annual net radiation. Stations recorded data to the end of 1970. Solar
and net radiation are measured from a network of over 50 stations and supplementary information is also provided by over 200 sunshine recorder stations. Regular network data is published in a Monthly Radiation Summary, which started in 1952 with daily totals, then added hourly totals in 1960. The
Canadian radiation network has been rather unevenly distributed spatially to allow good quantitative estimates to be made for all locations. Fortunately, however, there is an excellent correlation between monthly means of the duration of sunshine and monthly means of global solar radiation. The
sunshine network is more extensive so that interpolated values can be obtained except where the density is low, as for example, in the North.