bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MBAC and the Harappan Script
Authors: During Caspers Elisabeth C.L.
Published: April 2008

The article deals with interpretation of inscriptions consisting of Indus characters recovered outside the boundaries of the Indus Valley, primarily in Arabian Gulf regions and in Southern Mesopotamia. The author makes a supposition that inscriptions on foreign (non-Harappan) seals and objects with non-Harappan sign sequences and/or inclusion of non-Harappan signs could belong not to the so-called "new Sumerians," acculturated and integrated Meluhhans who lived in the Gulf region, but to the Murghabo-Bactrians who had come to the Arabian Gulf and Southern Mesopotamia. The latter could have acquired some knowledge of the Harappan script and language at their home in Central Asia.
The Kitab Misbah Al-'Aql of Severus Ibn Al-Muqaffa': a Profile of the Christian Creed in Arabic in Tenth Century Egypt
Authors: Griffith Sidney
Published: April 2008

After a brief sketch of the career of the Coptic bishop Severus ibn al-Muqaffa', and a survey of his published works in Arabic, the article concentrates on the author's important text called The Lamp of Understanding (Kitāb
Coptic Historiography in the Fātimid, Ayyubid and Early Mamluk Periods'
Authors: Den Heijer Johannes
Published: April 2008

This article intends to give a brief overview of Arabic historiographical works compiled by Coptic authors between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Each section of the paper deals with various aspects of one particular text. Within each section, an account is given first of the structure of the composition of the text. This is followed by a short outline of the biographical data on the author or compiler, whenever available. The aim of this sub-section is to characterize the author in terms of his social and confessional position and more particularly to try to find out to what extent he may have been subject to influences from the adjacent (Muslim, Jewish, Melkite) communities. In the third sub-section, the sources, in as far as these have been identified in previous studies, are reviewed and presented in such a way as to indicate to what degree the compiler made use of material originating from confessional groups other than his own Coptic tradition. Conversely, the fourth and last sub-section on each text, contains remarks on the later impact and reception of the text, both within and outside Coptic readership itself. In the concluding section, it is argued that this analysis, despite the manifold uncertainties it cannot solve immediately, suggests a development that moves from a horizon limited to the cultural heritage of the traditions of the Coptic community towards the much more cosmopolitan or universalist cultural environment of the "Coptic Renaissance" of the thirteenth century.
The Phenomenon of the Fatimid Armenians
Authors: Dadoyan Seta B.
Published: April 2008

This study is an initial statement in support of a broader thesis concerning the contexts in which a re-evaluation of Armenian history and interactions between Armenians and Muslims can be attempted. Through a contextual study of all information, including such marginalized data as the history of the sects, obscure episodes such as the "Armenian period" during the last century of the Fatimid caliphate will not only be given explanations, but also contribute to the reconstruction of a hitherto concealed stratum in the medieval history of the Near East.
The Specifically Egyptian Context of a Coptic Arabic Text: Chapter Nine of the Kitab Al-Idah of Sawirus Ibn Al-Muqaffac"
Authors: Swanson Mark N.
Published: April 2008

The catechetical compilation Kitab al-Idah ("The Book of the Elucudation") of the tenth-century Coptic bishop and theologian Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa' is one of the most frequently copied theological texts of the Arabic-speaking Coptic Church. While its first eight chapters deal with the principal doctrines and practices of the faith, Chapter Nine-omitted from the most recent printed edition of the work-must be understood against the backdrop of the flourishing speculation about supernatural beings and the afterlife that has long characterised Egyptian religion, including Coptic Christianity. In this chapter Sawirus responds to a homily, attributed to Theophilus of Alexandria, on the Angel of Death: the reason for his being granted authority over humankind, and the day of his feast. With considerable passion, Sawirus refutes this homily with arguments drawn from common sense, science, scripture and theology; for him, the cult of the Angel of Death is nothing but a ruse of Satan. However, Sawirus does not simply dismiss Egyptian Christian concern about the realm of supernatural beings. Instead, he attempts to absorb this realm more completely into the world of the Bible by summarizing or redescribing the Bible's central story as that of Christ's deception of and victory over Satan and his demonic host. While this narrative is rooted in ancient soteriological tradition, Sawirus' rendering is fresh and entertaining. The popularity of the Kitab al-Idah suggests that many generations of Egyptian Christians found it not merely entertaining, but genuinely elucidating.
Haymarus's Relatio Tripartita in Anglo-Norman
Authors: Hunt Tony
Published: April 2008

Identifies two new Anglo-Norman MSS of a vernacular French translation of Haymarus Monachus, Relatio tripartita ad Innocentium III de viribus Agarenorum, investigates the relationship between five insular MSS, and prints the text from MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Douce 137.
Holy Queens as Agents of Christianization in Bede's Ecclesiastical History: a Reconsideration
Authors: Armstrong Dorsey
Published: April 2008

The Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People contains numerous accounts of what has been termed by some scholars "conversion by marriage," episodes in which a royal bride acts as the first agent of Christianity in a heathen land. Yct, a close examination of the accounts of the Northumbrian, Kentish, Middle Angle and South Saxon conversions reveals a manipulation of the historical accounts which serves to de-emphasize the power and participation of these queens in the subsequent Christianization of the nation. This article argues that the "conversion by marriage" model in the Ecclesiastical History is, in fact, not a viable model at all. This article will further argue that analysis of these particular conversion narratives reveals less about the power and influence of royal women (or Bede's own attitudes and concerns regarding the matter) and more about the larger agenda of the text. An analysis of the intersection of gender and faith within Bede's work points to the subtlety of purpose and design behind the massive undertaking which was the Ecclesiastical History.
Francia as "Christendom": the Merovingian Vita Dom.Nae Balthildis
Authors: Sghroed Caroline T.
Published: April 2008

This essay presents a discursive analysis of the Vita Domnae Balthildis, arguing that it depicts a new model of the Christianization of a kingdom and a new paradigm for the ideal ruler: a queen whose piety and humility lead to the political unification of her country and to its favor before God. First, the use of scriptural allusions portray Balthild as a servant of God in line with key biblical figures of Christianity's past. Second, the text depicts a Francia united in a way that diflers from previous literary models of Christianization, particularly those of Clovis and Constantine. Third, the model of royal, feminine piety is distinct from other Frankish hagiography. Balthild is the linchpin in God's salvific plan for Francia, which itself is envisioned as what later would be called Christendom.
Re-Appropriating Sacred Space: Medieval Jews and Muslims Seeking Elijah and Al-Khadir1
Authors: Meri Josef W.
Published: April 2008

This study suggests a number of ways in which Jews and Muslims venerated the Prophet Elijah and his Islamic counterpart al-Khadir in the Near Eastern context from the twelfth through seventeenth centuries. In invoking the Prophet, devotees sought to reclaim and rediscover the sacred in tradition and physically and ritually represent it. The discussion first focuses on the depiction of the shrines of Elijah in Jewish travel itineraries. The profound experience of the fourteenth-century Karaite scribe and poet Moses b. Samuel at a shrine of the Prophet is testament to his widespread veneration among Damascene Jews. This is followed by a discussion of a number of Muslim shrines of al-Khadir and two unique thirteenth-century biographical accounts. The first is of the Sufi saint Abu Bakr b. Fityan al-Arawdakis (d. 672/ 1273 C.E.) grandfather Ma'bad who sometime during the twelfth century encounters the Prophet in his sleep. The second is of Khumartash 'Abd Allah al-Bajanī al-Turkī, an Aleppan soldier who renounces his evil ways after seeing al-Khadir in a series of dream encounters. Both these men's visions result in the construction of shrines dedicated to the Prophet in Syria.
Ibn Al-Rifa On the Churches and Synagogues of Cairo'
Authors: Ward Seth
Published: April 2008

Mamlūk Egypt witnessed a great degree of pressure on non-Muslims, and saw the conversion of many to Islam. In 1301, riots led to the closure of numerous houses of worship of non-Muslims, an act supported by a fatwā written by Najm al-Dīn ibn al-Rifā. Ibn al-Rifā offered five arguments against maintaining dhimmī houses of worship: (1) non-Muslims seeking to preserve their houses of worship must always be considered plaintiffs, that is, that the burden of proof falls upon them; (2) The contradiction between arguments that there were no synagogues or churches prior to the building of the city and those arguing for preservation based on maintaining existing buildings must be resolved by placing the burden of proof on the dhimmīs; (3) There was no peace agreement in Cairo, a necessary precondition for allowing non-Muslims to retain their houses of worship; (4) Even were there a peace agreement, it would have lapsed; and (5) Dhimmīs must prove they have not contravened individual terms of the treaty, even unrelated to houses of worship. Ibn al-Rifā's fatwā generated much support, but eventually the churches and synagogues were returned to their communities. Nevertheless, it reflects the attitudes of the times and was part of the pressures which led to greater conversion to Islam.
The Influence of Zāhirī Theory On Ibn Hazm's Theology: the Case of His Interpretation of the Anthropomorphic Text "the Hand of God"
Authors: Makin AL
Published: April 2008

Both the Bible and the Qur¸ān contain anthropomorphic passages, and so a theological debate over their interpretation is very common in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In the Qur¸ān, there are several anthropomorphic texts which describe God as having bodily features like those of human beings. For instance, God is said to have a face, eyes, feet, and hands. Various attempts were made to interpret such texts, either literally by accepting the corporcality of God or metaphorically by avoiding the implication of anthropomorphic texts. It is interesting how Ibn Hazm, who upheld Zāhirī theory (maintaining the literal meaning), tried to interpret Qur. 38:76, 5:67, 48:10 and 36:70 where reference is made to "the Hand of God." On the one hand, he felt he should maintain the literal meaning, according to which god is supposed to have hands. On the other hand, he declared himself to be a defender of tawhīd (the unity of God), which demanded that he reject all possibility of similarities between God and any of his creatures. This paper will focus on Ibn Hazm's argument by looking at his al-Fisal wa al-Milal wa al-Nihal.
Prosper Marchand, auteur et éditeur
Authors: Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane
Published: April 2008

In 1736 the collection of books and MSS. of the French bibliophile Prosper Marchand, comprising no fewer than 77 MSS. and 2700 printed books, was bequeathed to the University Library of Leiden. Prosper Marchand was born on 11 iMarch 1678 in the village of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where he also spent his early youth. The Marchand family subsequently moved to Guise and Prosper went to school in Versailles. In 1693 he became a bookseller's apprentice in Paris, and on 1 August 1698 he was enrolled as a member of the Paris booksellers' guild. He then opened a bookshop of his own in the Rue Saint Jacques and quickly managed to turn it into a true centre for booklovers. However, having become a Protestant, he had to leave France in 1709, and he fled to The Hague where he continued his old trade. He then went to Amsterdam, where he started a bookshop in 1711, and later to Rotterdam, but finally settled in The Hague in c. 1723. As from 1713, however, he had given up the trade in order to be able to devote himself to his various studies and other activities: as a result of this he became one of the editors of the famous Journal littéraire. He died in The Hague on 14 June 1756. The most famous fruits of his pen are without doubt his Histoire de l'origine et des premiers progrès de l'imprimerie (The Hague, Vve Levier, 1740) and his Dictionnaire historique ou mémoires critiques et littéraires concernant la vie et les ouvrages de divers personnages distingués particulièrement dans la République des lettres (The Hague 1758-9). The latter work was published posthumously by Jean-Nicolas Sebastien Allamand. Marchand also edited several works by other authors; a chronological list of these may be found in the above article. If one takes into consideration the nature of Marchand's activities both as a journalist and as a letter-writer, one cannot but admit that he was an erudite man of great accomplishment.
A list of Dutch book auction sale catalogues printed before 1611
Authors: Van Selm Bert
Published: April 2008

The descriptions of the Dutch book auction sale catalogues of the period 1599-1610 are preceded by an introduction and a justification. The introduction includes a critical discussion of earlier lists of seventeenth-century Dutch catalogues. Two important collections receive particular attention, viz. those in the Royal Library in Copenhagen and the University Library, Heidelberg. In his justification the author refers to two catalogues of 1598 of which, however, there are no known extant copies. Each description, besides a list of copies, contains references in the literature to the catalogue concerned. The article gives a chronological survey of sales and indexes to auctioneers, printers and the present locations of copies.
Pieter Blaeu and Antonio Magliabechi
Authors: Van Veen Henk Th.
Published: April 2008

The subject of this article is a collection of letters from Pieter Blaeu to Antonio Magliabechi, the librarian of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. These letters are kept in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence. They shed light on Pieter's activities as a book-seller, printer and publisher and do away with the impression which has hitherto been conveyed of him as a man who held aloof from the family business. They also contain important information about the functioning of the Blaeu firm in its sparsely documented 'later days'. Finally the letters provide us with a glimpse of the book-trade between Italy and the Republic in the second half of the seventeenth century, a subject that has so far been studied relatively little. The present article concentrates on one of the many aspects of the correspondence - the assistance which Pieter requested and obtained on two occasions from the Italians in accomplishing Blaeu projects. The first occasion on which he appealed to Magliabechi was when he required drawings for the book on Tuscan towns which was supposed to appear in the series of books on the towns of Italy. Thanks to Magliabechi a considerable number of these drawings were executed, but, for various reasons, the plan was doomed to fail. The second occasion was when the Blaeus were proposing to issue an edition of Petronius's Satyricon which would include the recently discovered fragment of the Cena Trimalchionis. This fragment was printed in Padua in 1664 and Magliabechi made sure that the Blaeus obtained this first edition as quickly as possible. In contrast to the book of Tuscan towns the Blaeu Satyricon was indeed published: it appeared in 1669 with a dedication to Antonio Magliabechi.
Printing Baronius's Annales Ecclesiastici (Rome 1588-1607)
Authors: Rietbergen Peter J.A.N.
Published: April 2008

The printing history of Baronius's Annales ecclesiastici (Rome 1588-1609), one of the chief works of early modern historiography, is closely linked with the eventful history of the Vatican printing shop, which was founded with the specific aim of printing works like that of Baronius and publishing them in the context of the church's policy as laid down by the Council of Trent. The article discusses this history as the background to the genesis of the successive volumes of the Annales. At the same time, and more specifically, the technical and financial aspects of printing and publishing part vii (1596) are examined as illustrative of sixteenth-century printing history.
Les Chevaliers de la Jubilation: Maçonnerie ou libertinage? A propos de quelques publications de Margaret C. Jacob
Authors: Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane
Published: April 2008

Between 1970 and 1981 Mrs. Jacob published a variety of books and articles on the subject of the Knights of Jubilation and their clandestine influence on both political and cultural life in the early decades of the eighteenth century. Mrs. Jacob sees the Knights of Jubilation as the first Continental Lodge, founded by John Toland in the United Provinces in about 1710. According to this thesis, Freemasonry on the Continent would be a quarter of a century older than historians have hitherto supposed (viz. 1710 instead of 1734). However, if one reads the texts on which Mrs. Jacob bases this assertion carefully and in their cultural context - they are published here complete and in the original language so that everyone may do just that-it seems to me that her conclusions are somewhat premature. The resonance of these texts goes back to the French libertinage and the burlesque tradition of Rabelais, rather than that they herald the era of Continental Freemasonry.
The introduction of the printed book auction catalogue
Authors: Van Selm Bert
Published: April 2008

Book historians have generally seen the introduction of the printed book auction catalogue as an important event in the history of the book trade. Catalogues were already being printed in the Dutch Republic in about 1600 and the present article discusses the factors that favoured this remarkably early development. In section 2 the author surveys present knowledge of book auctions from classical antiquity up to the year 1598. In particular, he discusses sales of books in the estates of deceased persons in the Low Countries during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with particular reference to auctions in Leiden and The Hague in the last part of the sixteenth century. From the data assembled it emerges that the auctioning of books was certainly not first thought of in the Dutch Republic and that many auctions of property, including books, were held before 1599. In 1596 Louis (II) Elzevier was granted permission to hold book auctions in the Great Hall of the Binnenhof in The Hague, and in the hands of a bookseller it was possible for this form of trade to develop in the best possible way. In section 3 the author moves on to the earliest book sales with printed catalogues, namely the Marnix sale of 1599 and the Daniel van der Meulen sale of 4
Varia bibliographica
Authors: Biemans Jos A.A.M.
Published: April 2008

In 1911 the Dutch incunabulist Fr. Bonaventura Kruitwagen OFM had a violent argument in the columns of the Roman Catholic daily newspaper De Tijd with a fellow priest, Dr P. J. M. van Gils. The question at issue was whether non-Catholics were being preferred to Roman Catholics on various occasions. Kruitwagen's views gave offence to his superiors. Consequently he was transferred in 1912 to the remote village of Weert and he was forbidden to continue his studies on manuscripts, incunables, etc. This brief piece is about Kruitwagen's 'exile' to Weert which might have put an end to his bibliographical and philological studies.
The dedication miniatures in the Egmond Gospels: a Byzantinizing iconography?
Authors: Ciggaar Krijnie
Published: April 2008

The Egmond Gospels, a much cherished manuscript in the Netherlands, have provoked a wealth of publications, descriptions, commentaries, catalogue entries etc. Most noted are the two dedication miniatures representing count Thierry of Holland (d. 988) and his wife Hildegard, offering the Evangeliary to the abbey of Egmond. The MS is now in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, cod. 76 F I. In the present article an attempt has been made to describe the colour programme of these two miniatures more accurately with the help of a stereomicroscope and the Munsell Color Atlas. Some suggestions have been made about the pigments which were probably used. A new date for the miniatures has been proposed, taking into consideration their historical context and their iconography. The most likely period is from 974 to 980. In this period double portraits are being introduced in the West, in the Ottonian world. An incentive for this new style was undoubtedly the arrival of the Byzantine princess Theophano who married Otto II in 972. In the Byzantine world imperial double portraits were very common. After the death of her father-in-law Otto I, in 973 and the official recognition of her co-rulership in 974, her role became more prominent, and may have stimulated the making of Western double portraits, if not as propaganda then at least to imitate Byzantine court life. Egbert, son of Thierry II and Hildegard, became chancellor of the Reich in 976 and archbishop of Trier in 977. He played an important role in Ottonian art as a patron and promoter, in which Byzantine influence is clearly discernible. Iconographical elements in the Egmond Gospels, such as the proskynesis, the disproportion between donors and 'authorities', the symmetry, the double portrait etc. betray influence from Byzantine iconography. Byzantine influence, indirectly via the Ottonians, was thus an active force in the execution of these miniatures, wherein Egbert is likely to have played an active role, even if the artist and the workshop are unknown.
Augustijn van Hasselt as a printer in Vianen and Wesel Part two
Authors: Blouw Paul Valkema
Published: April 2008

Augustijn van Hasselt, whose name first appears in 1534 during the troubles in Münster, is mentioned in the Chronika of the Family of Love as Hendrik Niclaes's secretary and printer. Although not a single book seems to have been published with his imprint I have recently discussed what his part in Antwerp and Kampen was in the publication of a series of writings by the sectarian leader. We also know from the same source that Augustijn went to Vianen to run a printing shop for Plantin at the end of 1566, but that this press has soon to be moved to Wesel. What he published in that town, however, has hitherto been unknown. Assuming that he worked with type which came from Plantin it now seems possible to reconstruct his list of publications, despite the fact that no typographical difference exists between the products of two printers working with the same type, cast from the same matrices. Secondary factors must thus be advanced to show to whom a particular edition can be ascribed. An analysis along these lines discloses the fact that Augustijn was one of the most active publishers of Dutch Protestant books, sixteen or seventeen of which could be indicated. The fact that a book started in Vianen had to be completed in Wesel allows us to distinguish between what was printed in the two towns. After Augustijn had again worked for Hendrik Niclaes for a few years a final rift took place in 1573. He then disappears from view until 1592, when he still appears to be active as the owner of a small press.
The Realm of Venus Hadriani Barlandi [H. Beverland] De Prostibulis Veterum MS Leiden BPL 1994
Authors: De Smet Rudolf , Simoni Anna E. C.
Published: April 2008

During the summer of 1678, H. Beverland, a native of Zeeland, compiled the manuscript De Prostibulis Veterum. The work deals with all kinds of erotic subjects in literature from classical to his own times and is subdivided into 14 capita. Beverland rewrote the second chapter to form an autonomous booklet entitled Peccatum Originale, the first edition of which (1678) was put on sale anonymously. The second edition appeared with the author's name given in full on the title-page and shortly afterwards Beverland was arrested. The court demanded delivery of the manuscript treatise De Prostibulis Veterum and sentenced the author to exile. Beverland accepted the demand, but not until he had made a copy of it which he later first completed in England and then destroyed. The original passed via the heirs of Professor Spanheim to the University Library at Leiden where it still is at shelf-mark BPL 1994.
The seventeenth-century Antwerp book collector Peeter Oris: new discoveries and new questions
Authors: Biemans Jos A.A.M. , Simoni Translation Anna E. C.
Published: April 2008

The Antwerp art dealer Peeter Oris (c. 1582-c. 1647) owned at least eight medieval manuscripts and nine or ten printed books, including five, possibly seven incunabula. They were probably all Dutch books-with perhaps one exception. The fact that these manuscripts and printed books come from Oris's collection is almost always to be seen in ownership and other annotations in his own hand. One
A Haarlem press in Sedan and Emden (1561-9) Part two: Sedan and Emden
Authors: Valkema Blouw Paul
Published: April 2008

In 1561, after a deadlock of many years, a new printing-office was set up in Holland by Jan van Zuren and three others, including the author Dirck Coornhert. After one year of publishing the press concluded most of its activities, and-according to documentary information recently found- the company was dissolved. Jan van Zuren became the sole owner of the firm, which over the next three years only issued a few books on commission. The production then ended completely. What became of the typographical material of the printing-shop has always been a mystery. As a result of bibliographical analysis it has now become clear that all the typefaces, initials and ornaments (including the devices)-in fact the whole inventory-were removed to the French town of Sedan. With the permission of the Duke of Bouillon a press was founded, which issued a number of exclusively Protestant works, most of them in Dutch, together with a few political publications in French emanating from the Calvinist leaders of the Resistance to Spanish rule. In 1565 the first factor to run the printing-shop, Goossen Goebens, made his name known in the imprint of a panegyric on the foundation of the press. The following year his place was taken by Lenaert der Kinderen, who broke his contract with Plantin for this new post. In 1567 the press appears to have been active in another town, again in another country. At some time during this year the printing-shop was moved to Emden in East Frisia, where, in 1569, the typographical material is to be found in a book published by the emigrant Jean Malet. Meanwhile six publications, including five Protestant books, were issued without any imprint. Circumstantial evidence justifies the conclusion that one or both of Dirck Coornhert's brothers then were running the printing-office, which they probably already owned in the Sedan period.
Bernardus Sellius Noviomagus (c.1551-93), proof-reader and poet
Authors: Heesakkers Chris L. , Hamilton Alastair
Published: April 2008

Emblemata Sacra by Bernard Sellius Noviomagus, known above all in the 1613 edition published by Michiel Colin in Amsterdam, has long puzzled bibliographers. This article establishes Sellius's identity, describes his brief life and examines his spirituality. It reconstructs the publishing history of his single work through its three editions (Raphelengius 1593 and Colin 1613 and 1617) and assesses his achievements as a poet. The text of Emblemata Sacra, Sellius's Latin heading and epigrams accompanying Pieter van der Borcht's illustrations of scenes from the Bible, is reproduced in the Appendix with notes and an English translation.
The 'Vereeniging Joan Blaeu' 26 May 1916-11 March 1938
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. , Van Delft Marieke
Published: April 2008

On 26 May 1918 a group of printers and publishers founded the Joan Blaeu Society. Its aim was 'the promotion of printing and book illustration in the Netherlands'. The committee was formed, among others, by men like S.H. de Roos and J.F. van Royen. The most productive years were the early ones: three books were published, a book exhibition was organised and three annual reports appeared. Gradually activity declined. There were no more annual reports and only one further booklet came out (1929). In March 1938 the Joan Blaeu Society was dissolved. At the same time a new society was founded: the Dutch Fine Printing Society, which was to be its successor of sorts.
Early protestant publications in Antwerp, 1526-30
Authors: Blouw Paul Valkema
Published: April 2008

At the beginning of her life-long commitment to Dutch post-incunables Miss Kronenberg concentrated on two hitherto unsolved pseudonyms: Adam Anonymus in Basel, the publisher of certain important heterodox works in Dutch, and Hans Luft at Marlborow, the printer of various books for the first Protestant authors in England, including Tyndale. In the work that appeared under these pseudonyms she encountered a number of woodcut initials which originated from the Officina Corveriana in the town of Zwolle in the Northern Netherlands. She thus developed an ingenious theory according to which the true printer was Johannes Hoochstraten, a young man from Antwerp whose father was one of the most eminent publishers in the city. This verdict was generally accepted and, to this day, Miss Kronenberg's analysis is cited without its accuracy ever having been called in doubt. Yet renewed investigation shows that her attributions are unacceptable. It was not Johannes Hoochstraten who printed these clandestine editions but Marten de Keyser (Lempereur) in Antwerp. He collaborated in the production of books in Dutch with the well-known printer-publisher Adriaen van Berghen and, in some publications in English, with his colleague Joannes Grapheus. The part played by De Keyser in the first years of the English reformation thus appears to have been still more important than has hitherto been admitted, while nothing remains of the eminent position which had been accorded to Hoochstraten.
The international career of an Emden printer (Goossen Goebens 1560-76)
Authors: Valkema Blouw Paul
Published: April 2008

The history of Goossen Goebens has to be entirely reconstructed from what is shown by his printed work together with the few facts which emerge from Plantin's account books. It thus appears that he began his career in 1561 as business manager of the recently founded literary press of Jan van Zuren in Haarlem. He subsequently became factor of the same firm when it entered a second phase in 1565 as a Protestant publishing house in Sedan, probably belonging to two of the Coornhert brothers. This connection lasted for a year, whereupon Goebens returned to Antwerp and spent a few months working for Plantin. It is possible that he then went to Vianen as a collaborator of Augustijn van Hasselt. When the town was occupied in May 1567, however, he did not seek refuge with Augustijn in Wesel but departed for Emden where, in the meantime, the Coornherts had transferred their press. That was where he worked until he managed to establish a printing press of his own in 1570. This continued its production until 1579, the year in which Goebens probably died. Some twenty-eight of Goebens's publications can now be identified, most of which appeared without an imprint. These include anonymous political pamphlets as well as works by Johan Fruytiers and the extensive Protocol of the conference with the Anabaptists in Emden in 1578.
The lost first editions of Gabriel Meurier's Colloques ou nouvelle invention de propos familiers, printed by Plantin, 1556-7
Authors: Shaw David J.
Published: April 2008

Early in his career in Antwerp, Plantin printed a group of textbooks for the school-master Gabriel Meurier. Archival evidence from Plantin's business ledgers, from Meurier's privileges for sale of these books, and from a surviving printed fragment show that at least two previously unsuspected editions of one of these texts must have been printed. A summary of Meurier's career is given together with an analysis of the publication history of the texts covered by his privilege which were printed in Plantin's workshop.
Aufbau Und Gliederung Von Augustins Schrift De Vera Religione
Authors: Desch Waltraut
Published: April 2008

Es hat sich ergeben, daß die Schrift De vera religione sehr kunstvoll gebaut ist. Sie besteht aus einem zweiteiligen Prooemium, zwei Hauptteilen und einem Schlußprotreptikos. Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Hauptteilen läßt sich schwer in Worte fassen: weder enthält der eine Hauptteil nur christliches, der andere nur neuplatonisches Gedankengut, sondern Christliches und Neuplatonisches sind im ganzen Werk eine untrennbare Verbindung eingegangen. Noch behandelt der eine Hauptteil die Heilsgeschichte (den Glaubensstoff), während der andere sich um die Erkenntnis der Dreieinigkeit bemüht. Sondern beide Hauptteile behandeln dasselbe auf verschiedenem Niveau. Am ehesten könnte man den ersten Hauptteil als dogmatischantimanichäisch, den zweiten als philosophisch-spekulativ bezeichnen. Dieser Unterschied und formale Kriterien sprechen dafür, trotz aller Gemeinsamkeiten eine Trennung in zwei Hauptteile vorzunehmen. Ringkompositionen spielen im Aufbau der Schrift eine große Rolle: der erste Teil des Prooemiums umschließt mit dem 2. Hauptteil in einer Ringkomposition den 2. Teil des Prooemiums mit dem 1. Hauptteil. Beide Teile des Prooemiums und beide Hauptteile weisen wieder jeweils eine Ringkomposition auf. Den Abschluß bildet der deutlich abgegrenzte Schlußprotreptikos.
Das Nachtmythologem in der polynesischen Religion und seine Auswirkungen auf protestantische Missionstätigkeit
Authors: Bausch Christa
Published: April 2008

Die zentrale Stellung des Po-Konzepts in der polynesischen Religion steht somit fest. Für die Polynesier war Po eine geistige Realität, etwas überaus Heiliges. Es war eine heilige Zeit am Urbeginn der Welt. Es war ewig und allgegenwärtig, ein erhabenes Kontinuum, das in der Nacht und im Kult weiter bestand. Po und Ao bildeten das Ordnungsprinzip der Welt; "Po gehörte den Göttern, Ao den Menschen"48. Mit Konsequenz und logischer Klarheit konstituierten Po und Ao die Ordnung aller Lebensphänomene. Sie erklärten den Ursprung alles auf Erden Bestehenden und gaben allen Wesen, Dingen und Institutionen Sinn und Bedeutung. Sie bildeten ein holistisches Prinzip, das alle Lebensbereiche von Religion bis Sex umfaßte und durchdrang und Urzeit und Gegenwart, Zeit und Raum, Götter und Menschen, das Sakrale und das Profane, Fürsten und Volk, Lebende und Tote, Geburt und Tod in einem großartigen geistig-religiösen System zusammenschloß.
A "Terrible Beauty", the Irish Supreme Court, and Dying
Authors: Feenan Dermot
Published: April 2008

The approval by Ireland's highest court, the Supreme Court, by a majority, of withdrawal of artificial tube-feeding and hydration from a woman who had been in a near-persistent vegetative state, but with minimal cognitive capacity, for over 23 years, on the basis that to do so was in her best interests and in accord with her constitutional rights to life, bodily integrity, privacy, and self-determination, marks a watershed in a country traditionally dominated by Roman Catholic doctrine, including the sanctity of life, and the authority of a (vitalist) medical profession. Although the decision might be regarded as compassionate, it is problematic in several respects. It dangerously extends the boundaries of withdrawal of artificial treatment from those with severe brain damage; uses inappropriate legal reasoning in the form of "best interests" of the individual; fails to examine sufficiently the criminal law implications of such action; and confuses and avoids several significant issues. In these respects, the decision represents, in the words of Irish poet W.B. Yeats, the birth of a "terrible beauty".
The "Right to Die": A Case Study in American Lawmaking*
Authors: Meisel Alan
Published: April 2008

In the 20 years that have passed since the Karen Quinlan case exposed a simmering clinical issue to the light of day — more precisely, to the press and to judicial process — a consensus has developed in American law about how end-of-life decisionmaking should occur. To be sure, there are dissenting voices from this consensus, but they are often (though not always) about minor issues. By illustrating how this consensus has evolved, this paper explores how law is made in the American legal system and the roles that different legal and extra-legal institutions play in lawmaking.
Confession-Building, Long-Distance Networks, and the Organization of Jesuit Science
Authors: Harris Steven J.
Published: April 2008

The ability of the Society of Jesus to engage in a broad and enduring tradition of scientific activity is here addressed in terms of its programmatic commitment to the consolidation and extension of the Catholic confession (i.e., to a multi-pronged program of confession-building) and its mastery of the administrative apparatus necessary to operate long-distance networks. The Society's early move into two major apostolates, one in education and the other in the overseas missions, brought Jesuits into regular contact with the educated elites of Europe and at the same time placed the Society's missionaries in remote parts of the natural world. The modes of organization of travel and communication required by the Society's long-distance networks (i.e., the training and deployment of reliable agents willing to work under direction in remote locations and capable of providing trustworthy reports and observations to their superiors through regular exchange of correspondence) not only facilitated scientific communication and collaboration within the order, it also provided Jesuits with the resources they needed to engage successfully in 'ministries among the learned'. Evidence of a sustained attempt by Jesuit authors to assume the role of Kulturträger is found in the several genres of scientific publications that dominate the Society's scientific corpus. Thus the Society's early recognition of the "apostolic value" of scientific publications in recruiting friends and allies among Europe's intellectual elites, I argue, allowed a robust interest in natural knowledge to emerge as a legitimate part of the Jesuit vocation.
Arabic Cosmology
Authors: Tzvi Langermann Y.
Published: April 2008

Representations of the heavens in various levels of detail can be found in a number of branches of Arabic literature. One particular genre, the hay'a texts, has as its purpose a full though non-mathematical discussion of the arrangement of the celestial orbs; hay'a writers are particularly sensitive to the philosophical requirements which all systems must meet. The pivotal work in this genre, On the Configuration, was written by Ibn al-Haytham. Later writers continued to produce works in the spirit of On the Configuration. In the east, al-Tusi and his followers developed new models; in the west, a group of thinkers tried to rediscover the models which, so they thought, were the ones endorsed by Aristotle himself.
Alchemy Vs. Chemistry: the Etymological Origins of a Historiographic Mistake1
Authors: Newman William R. , Principe Lawrence M.
Published: April 2008

The parallel usage of the two terms "alchemy" and "chemistry" by seventeenth-century writers has engendered considerable confusion among historians of science. Many historians have succumbed to the temptation of assuming that the early modern term "chemistry" referred to something like the modern discipline, while supposing that "alchemy" pertained to a different set of practices and beliefs, predominantly the art of transmuting base metals into gold. This paper provides the first exhaustive analysis of the two terms and their interlinguistic cognates in the seventeenth century. It demonstrates that the intentional partition of the two terms with the restriction of alchemy to the the sense of metallic transmutation was not widely accepted until the end of the seventeenth century, if even then. The major figure in the restriction of meaning, Nicolas Lemery, built on a spurious interpretation of the Arabic definite article al, which he inherited from earlier sources in the chemical textbook tradition. In order to curtail the tradition of anachronism and distortion engendered by the selective use of the terms "alchemy" and "chemistry" by historians, the authors conclude by suggesting a return to seventeenth-century terminology for discussing the different aspects of the early modern discipline "chymistry."
Holy Writ, Mythology, and the Foundations of Francis Bacon's Principle of the Constancy of Matter
Authors: Alejandra Manzo Silvia
Published: April 2008

The exact nature of the relation between science and Scripture in the thought of Francis Bacon is a well-studied but controversial field. In this paper, it is shown that Bacon, though convinced that there exists no enmity between the book of God's wisdom (Holy Writ) and the book of God's power (nature), usually tries to separate knowledge acquired by reason (philosophy) from knowledge acquired by faith (divinity). In his exposition of the principle of the conservation of matter, however, Bacon seems to find himself constrained to invoke Scriptural truths in a manner that he usually disapproves of. In order to establish this principle, which is so essential to his overall scientific program, he appeals both to the Bible and Greek mythology in a way that points to certain conceptual tensions within his natural philosophy.
Discipleship according to Luke's Gospel
Authors: du Plessis I.J.
Published: April 2008

Although all the Gospels deal with discipleship, Luke's Gospel focuses particularly on the cost of discipleship. In this article attention is paid to Luke's presentation of discipleship of Jesus, dealing with such matters as the kind of disciple Jesus called, the significance of following Jesus and the specific features of true discipleship. Some crucial issues such as self-denial and cross-bearing are put into perspective for the present-day reader, indicating the revolutionary character and the rejection of mediocrity this challenge to follow Jesus contains.
The growth of the evangelical movement in the Netherlands : a fundamentalist revival?
Authors: Vellenga Sipco J.
Published: April 2008

The evangelical movement in the Netherlands has grown a lot in the past decades. This growth is a result of the increasing discontent of orthodox believers with the religious and moral climate within the mainline churches and the decreasing internal integration of these churches. The growth of the evangelical movement is also associated with the supply of the evangelical organisations, which is characterised by an orthodox Protestant message, a traditional morality, and a faith which is rooted in personal experience and which is relevant to everyday life. Finally the success of the evangelical movement is connected with the rational way of working of the evangelical organisations. We have argued that the evangelical movement in the Netherlands is not a fundamentalist movement pur sang. Fundamentalism was defined as religious orthodoxy in active opposition to modernisation. The Dutch evangelical movement is an orthodox movement in mainly passive opposition to some cultural aspects of modernisation. We do not expect this movement to radicalise in the coming years.
Suitability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to Predict the June 2005 Fire Weather for Interior Alaska
Authors: Mölders Nicole
Published: April 2008

Standard indices used in the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) and Fosberg fire-weather indices are calculated from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations and observations in interior Alaska for June 2005. Evaluation shows that WRF is well suited for fire-weather prediction in a boreal forest environment at all forecast leads and on an ensemble average. Errors in meteorological quantities and fire indices marginally depend on forecast lead. WRF’s precipitation performance for interior Alaska is comparable to that of other mesoscale models applied to midlatitudes. WRF underestimates precipitation on average, but satisfactorily predicts precipitation ≥7.5 mm day−1, the threshold considered to reduce interior Alaska’s fire risk for several days. WRF slightly overestimates wind speed, but captures the temporal mean behavior accurately. WRF predicts the temporal evolution of daily temperature extremes, mean relative humidity, air and dewpoint temperature, and daily accumulated shortwave radiation well. Daily minimum (maximum) temperature and relative humidity are slightly overestimated (underestimated). Fire index trends are suitably predicted. Fire indices derived from daily mean predicted meteorological quantities are more reliable than those based on predicted daily extremes. Indirect evaluation by observed fires suggests that WRF-derived NFDRS indices reflect the variability of fire activity.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Authors: Roberge Pasquale , Marchand André , Reinharz Daniel , Savard Pierre
Published: April 2008

A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to examine the cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for panic disorder with agoraphobia. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to standard ( n = 33), group ( n = 35), and brief ( n = 32) treatment conditions. Results show significant clinical and statistical improvement on standard symptom measures and quality of life from baseline to posttreatment and 3-month follow-up, with no significant differences between treatment conditions. Compared with standard CBT, brief and group CBT incurred lower treatment costs and had a superior cost-effectiveness ratio, suggesting the potential of these alternative treatment conditions in increasing access to effective treatment.
When was 9/11? Philosophy and the terror of futurity
Authors: Gaon Stella
Published: April 2008

This article offers a close reading of Derrida's response to the events of 11 September 2001, in the interview he conducted immediately afterwards with Giovanna Borradori in the text Philosophy in a Time of Terror (2003). I argue that this text is significantly different from previous philosophical responses to horrific political events (such as those by Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt) insofar as it invites us to contest radically the assumption that philosophy's role is to envision and to realize the `good'. Instead, Derrida's response provokes us to acknowledge that philosophy's role was only ever to criticize itself, that this is the absolute limit of what philosophy can or should do, and that this work is both genuinely risky and crucially important, because in undertaking a critique of itself philosophy intervenes for democracy, without rules or guarantees, in the very determinations that are the material of political life.