bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Stock Price: An Emprical Study
Authors: Xu Minhe
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, more and more attention has shifted from the theoretical research of blockchain technology to the application of specific business of the company. However, there are few literatures on the quantitative research on the impact of blockchain technology on the company's market value after it is applied to the company's actual business. In this paper, 73 listed companies published blockchain application announcements from 2016 to 2019 are selected as the research objects, and the short-term event analysis method is used to quantitatively analyze the impact of the application about blockchain technology on the market performance of listed companies. The results show that: after the announcement of blockchain application in their own business, listed companies have a more significant abnormal income, which shows that the capital market has a significant positive response to the application of blockchain. Finally, this paper puts forward the theoretical and practical significance, limitations and future research.
A New Pedagogical Model for Teaching English for Specific Purposes: Collaborative Educational Project
Authors: Ananyina Anastasia , Abramova Irina , Shishmolina Elena , Yessengaliyeva Anna
Published: February 2021

Raising young professionals is one of the main goals of ESP teachers across the globe, but in today’s rapidly changing world it is complicated by the need to adapt learners to a demanding international working environment that puts heavy pressure on human resources. English communication skills are now sought by employers, so, English teachers worldwide need to help future graduates meet such high expectations. However, the practice has shown that options for improvement within national educational systems are limited. In artificially bilingual classrooms progress requires cooperation and networking of practitioners from different countries. This article presents the results of the first stage of an experimental collaborative educational project, which involved teachers and students from two state universities in Russia and Kazakhstan. It describes the beginning of implementing a relatively new pedagogical model for ESP teaching through designing a virtual crossborder learning environment simulating certain real-life professional communication situations. The aim of the paper is to analyze the initial impact of this model on developing certain soft skills and English communicative competence in the students of non-linguistic majors. The authors used the comparative analysis of data obtained through formal structured questionnaires. The statistical significance of the results was measured by the F-test and the paired Student’s t-test The results suggest that extending ESP learning environment beyond borders helps ESP teachers to shift from purely academic settings to simulating real professional scenarios, thus developing students’ English communicative competence, contributing to their professional socialization, and creating a sufficient level of stress to appeal to their motivation while avoiding discouragement.
Economics and Political economy textbooks: 28 years of interaction
Authors: Privalov Nikolai , Privalova Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the methodology of modern economic theory. The advantages and disadvantages Of the McConnell and brew economies are analyzed. It is compared with the textbook “Political economy” of the period of the USSR and Soviet Russia. A literature review has shown that many authors are critical of Main stream and are looking for alternative theories and methodologies. The article analyzes the institutional reasons for teaching Economics. Given the growing global crisis of industrial civilization and, in particular, the systemic crisis of its economic and political leader-the United States, the question is raised about the need to create a new type of textbook on economic theory. The article describes the philosophical roots of Economics and Marxist political economy. According to the authors of the article, these two areas of science and education in the twentieth century became examples of a “secular form of religion”, since their ideological orientation prevailed over the scientific content. “Russian Economics” is a textbook for undergraduates that has broader system relationships with other Sciences (sociology, political science, Cybernetics, zoopsychology, etc.) and applies, along with well-known models of Economics, also qualitative methods and models of classical political economy within the framework of a systematic approach. The article describes the methodological principles of a new type of textbook that reflect the basic provisions of traditional European culture and can serve to form the concept of the “third way economy”, as an objectively emerging model of a mixed economy.
The author’s pedagogical model of health’s formation among russian judokas of preschool age
Authors: Mikhaylova Darya
Published: February 2021

This article examines the scientific problem of health’s formation among Russian (non-oriented) judokas of preschool age through their early immersion in judo practice. The solution to this scientific problem is extremely important in the context of the necessity to form a special creative kids’ ability to “adapt as quickly as possible to a partner / changing situation, anticipating the result, with minimal costs and maximum achievement of the chosen goal”, which determines the effectiveness of mastering and practicing judo. Complex analysis of the judo’s phenomenon in the context of main types and components of health allows us to consider it in four dimensions: social (level of communication), spiritual (level of consciousness), soulful (level of subconscious and unconscious) and physical (level of corporeality). The application of the method of theoretical modeling made it possible to propose the author’s pedagogical model of judokas’ health formation through the dual practice of judo: judo as a life principle (the judo’s practice number one) and judo as the eastern system of formation of a person’s physical culture (the judo’s practice number two). The author’s pedagogical model of health’s formation among Russian judokas of preschool age is based on the implementation of the judo’s practice number two. The effectiveness of this author’s pedagogical model has been confirmed experimentally.
Concept of the Russian language teaching in the course of the US policy
Authors: Bulatova I.Z. , Bilyalova A.A.
Published: February 2021

As the modern world gives many opportunities for travel, communication, technologies, the need of learning foreign languages has become the critical issue for every country. The more expanded borders are, the more forces should be undertaken for controlling the situation within and out of the country. The concept of the Russian language teaching in the course of the US policy depends on political matters. The author has made an effort to describe activities of strengthening educational system for international understanding and global competence. The analyzed data includes the list of the US schools, which offer Russian language courses, the campaigns which are run for re-enforcing the position of the Russian language. This article describes the existing measures, which provide Russian language learning in the USA. The study analyses the ways of implementing the Russian language into the system of higher, secondary and primary schools. The findings indicate the measures of the Russian Federation government, which are successfully performed on the territory of the USA. The study demonstrates the changes of methodical potential, which have been undergone since 60th of XX century.
The role of external stakeholders in ensuring the quality of educational services of Polotsk state university
Authors: Bareika Nadzeya , Barun Alena , Dauhiala Natallia , Dauhiala Dzmitry
Published: February 2021

In modern conditions, the task of integrating science, education and innovation activities is of great importance. The need for highly qualified and proactive employees leads to the natural integration of the University and employers, who are the main external stakeholders and consumers of educational services. The article discusses the main forms of interaction between Polotsk State University and the main enterprises and organizations of the region. The main results of comprehensive monitoring of employers ‘satisfaction with the quality of training specialists in the higher educational institution are presented. The assessment of consumer satisfaction with educational services in the framework of this monitoring was carried out on the basis of a competence campaign. This is primarily due to the fact that the quality of education is determined precisely by the competencies formed by the graduate, which allow applying the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in solving specific professional tasks. The monitoring demonstrated a high level of development of a number of competencies, in particular the competence “ability to use information and communication technologies”, which highlights the fact that the educational programs of compulsory and additional education implemented at Polotsk State University provide the knowledge and practical skills necessary for using the latest ICT in professional activities. Employers have also identified the scarce skills of graduates, namely “Ability to take decisive action in case of uncertainty”, “Ability to anticipate a problem” and “Ability to use time effectively”. Based on the self-assessment of graduates, during their studies at Polotsk State University they have to a large extent developed the competences required for successful work in today’s economy. The success of Polotsk State University graduates is clear evidence of the high quality of their training.
Virtual Class Management
Authors: Kiseleva Margarita , Pogosian Victoria
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak locked down the university classrooms and transferred the teaching and learning activities to a virtual space. This paper discusses the challenges the teachers faced due to this dramatic transfer from habitual classrooms to virtual on-line classes. This small-scale empirical research focuses on two research questions: Which challenges and problems did the teachers face, which solutions did they find to overcome them? The study also investigates the techniques of synchronous on-line classes management employed by the teachers after the COVID-19 restrictions were imposed on traditional delivery modes in higher education. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 university teaching staff members who commenced giving online classes in March 2020. The research findings revealed that the main challenge for teachers was to find a learning platform providing videoconferencing tools, and the solutions were found basically through asking their colleagues for advice. The findings also identified one of the teachers’ concerns related to handling students’ misbehaviour during online classes, and a general need in developing teachers’ virtual class management skills.
Innovative tools for developing soft skills in the context of education transformation
Authors: Panfilova Alvina , Larchenko Lyubov
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the use of modern educational technologies, means and tools of influence to achieve the desired result in any field of education, providing specialists with competitiveness and personnel leadership in the digital era. To analyze the current situation in the education system and develop proposals for their improvement, this article uses the results of many years of research obtained within the framework of the author’s scientific and pedagogical school on the development of the communicative potential of a future specialist and its implementation in future practical professional activities. Particular attention is paid to the study of the effectiveness of interactive technologies aimed on the development of students’ cross-cutting competencies and communication skills, as well as modern teaching trends, such as networking and edutainment, the value of which is allowing specialists to better navigate in a rapidly changing world, in various new directions, modern studying courses and technologies and understand the flows of new information. The authors of the article studied in what directions, with the use of what educational technologies it is necessary to develop skills that will be in demand in the next decades.
Practice of social education of children and teenagers by Stanislav Teofilovich Shatsky
Authors: Davydenko Valentina , Yudina Nadezhda
Published: February 2021

Significant changes taking place in society in connection with the pandemic are radically changing the global educational space and social reality. The transition to the distance learning model makes us look for new learning technologies, with the widespread use of it-tools. To some extent, they provide the process of transmitting and mastering information, but they do not solve a set of educational tasks. Participants in the pedagogical process are separated from each other, which ultimately leads to the loss of communication skills or their deformation. This circumstance prompted the authors to analyze critically the legacy of Russian pedagogy, addressed to the problems of social education. The article presents the results of the analysis of the theoretical and practical heritage of social education of the prominent Russian teacher Stanislav Teofilovich Shatsky (1878 - 1934). Based on the study of the teacher’s works and archival materials, the authors identified and formulated the conceptual provisions of the theory of social education S. T. Shatsky and described the main events of his practice The originality of this research lies in the fact that the experience of S. T. Shatsky is presented as a pedagogical technology; the authors conclude that it is possible to use historical experience in modern conditions. According to the authors, the authenticity of historical experience and modern educational practice can be achieved thanks to the general principles of education that follow from the law of natural conformity of the pedagogical process. The authors used methods of historical analysis of pedagogical heritage, systematization of theoretical positions, conceptualization and construction of pedagogical technology.
Cultural assimilator as a technology for preventing maladaptation of foreign students
Authors: Panich Olga , Tkachenko Nadejda , Khudaeva Maya , Ovsyanikova Yelena , Sckilev Sergey , Doronina Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article summarizes the author’s experience of using the technology of cultural assimilator for the prevention of maladjustment of foreign students of the university. The procedure for the stage-by-stage construction of cultural assimilator episodes using the technique of a critical incident and an expert method is disclosed. The example shows the options for teaching Russian and Chinese students.
The possibilities of criterion-oriented testing in verifying the achievements of teachers
Authors: Sergienko Aleksandra Yurievna , Sokolova Irina Ivanovna , Spirina Olga Sergeevna
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of empirical research on perception of teachers from military engineering university about the features of didactic testing and on methodologies of diagnostics used by experienced and young teachers. It also presents the results of the survey on students’ learning motivation according to the achievement goal theory. Students have been identified as being oriented towards mastery goal, and concentrate on getting new knowledge and skills that lead to professional and personal growth. It has been proved possible to develop methods for determining the effectiveness of pedagogical action and communicative interaction between the teacher and the student using didactical criterion- oriented testing. One of the goals is to assess teacher’s performance as a factor influencing students’ cognitive activity, their results and motivation. The method of formalization by mathematical means of the modeling process and representation of criterion-oriented testing results as a communicative task of interaction between the teacher and the student is described. Prospects for use of theoretical bases, ideas and methods of educational evaluation in criterion-oriented testing and in verifying teachers’ achievements are discussed.
Quality management system of professional training of students on the digital technology basis
Authors: Burlakova Irina I. , Gribkova Olga V. , Kononenko Marina M. , Skudnyakova Elena V. , Sadekova Sophia R.
Published: February 2021

The role of digital technologies in education is increasing. Digital technologies are characterized by both positive and negative effects. But everyone sees that digital technologies lead to a radical change in socio-economic reality and open up new opportunities. It is necessary to have knowledge and skills of working with modern digital technologies and use them in the professional training of students. The methods of our research are content analysis of scientific literature on the problems of quality management of professional training and modern digital technologies in the education system, observation, training in a remote mode, and a survey of students on the use of digital technologies in the process of distance learning. The development and use of distance learning technologies in the system of professional training of students involves: determining the sequence of operations; development and selection of appropriate methods and tools for each operation; creation of optimal conditions for the learning process. It is difficult to describe the algorithms of the quality management system of professional training and determine the set of methods of realization that make up the management process, but it is possible with proper training of teachers. Digital technologies make it possible to increase the computer literacy of the teaching staff, to update its creative potential, to include teachers in innovative activities related to the search for technologies for managing the quality of professional training of students in a blended educational environment.
Innovative and information technologies in the educational process at the pedagogical university
Authors: Galiakberova Alfinur
Published: February 2021

Education is one of the most important human values in the modern world. It has become the key thing that helps people determine their life orientations, enrich their culture, promote their professional growth, and achieve their social status. It concerns all the stages of the educational system especially higher pedagogical education. The traditional approaches used in the educational process are changing under the influence of intensive developing the computer technologies and improving the educational technologies. The application of interactive, information and communication technologies to the modern education system is becoming wider and wider. The article discusses the key issues of the innovation policy in the modern education and the practical experience gained when using the innovative and information technologies at the Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University (NSPU).
Life plans of graduates of technical and vocational education institution
Authors: Dyrin Sergey , Kornilova Irina , Sabirov Ilshat , Asratyan Norair , Vazieva Alfiya , Gayfutdinova Tatyana
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the life plans of graduates of technical and vocational education institutions. The sociological study was conducted in 5 cities of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a part of the Russian Federation. At present there is a significant contradiction in the labor market. On the one hand, Russia’s national economy needs workers. On the other hand, Russian young people are very skeptical about working professions, although there is much demand for workers. The study shows that graduates are not professionally oriented, i.e. they are not likely to work in their professions after graduating from colleges. The findings of the study show that professional self-determination of graduates of technical and vocational education institutions depends on the type of parental environment. The authors conclude that the key thing that determines the nature of the parents’ influence on the plans of graduates is the educational background of the parents.
Memorial music as a way of comprehension and dialogue through time and space
Authors: Zaozerskikh Aliona , Chikhachyova Maria
Published: February 2021

This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of memorial music. Memoriality is characterized as one of the facets of cultural memory. The methodological basis of the work was made up of works dedicated to the “memory of culture” (J. Assman, P. Nora, J. Lotman) and musical memoriality (T.S. Andruschak, M.N. Lobanova, E.V. Nazaikinsky, O.V. Sokolov, N.L. Sokolvyak, V.N. Kholopova). The results of the study were the identification of thematic complexes, characteristic features and coordinate system of memorial music. Particular attention is paid to the manifestation in memorial music of a certain chronotope, embodied through the principle of “creative dialogue” with the addressee of the memorial dedication. Analytical characteristics of the coordinate system of “music of memory” are given by the authors on the example of memorial music of Siberian composers, composers of the Krasnoyarsk region in particular.
Minimally invasive treatment options to borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Bhardwaj Punita , Das T. K. , Batra S. ,   Roman
Published: February 2021

Borderline Ovarian tumors are tumors of uncertain malignant potential. They have favour able prognosis. They occur in younger women and present at an early stage. They are difficult to diagnose preoperatively as macroscopic picture is a combination of benign and invasive ovarian tumors. Over the years surgical treatment has changed from radical to conservative approach without overlooking oncologic safety. Follows up is essential. Prolonged follow up (>10 yrs) is required because of later recurrences. Special attention is to be paid to the conserved ovary in follow up.
A Matter of Caution: Coagulation Parameters in COVID-19 Do Not Differ from Patients with Ruled-Out SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bauer Wolfgang , Galtung Noa , Neuwinger Nick , Kaufner Lutz , Langer Elisabeth , Somasundaram Rajan , Tauber Rudolf , Kappert Kai
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients often show excessive activation of coagulation, associated with increased risk of thrombosis. However, the diagnostic value of coagulation at initial clinical evaluation is not clear. We present an in-depth analysis of coagulation in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected COVID-19. N = 58 patients with clinically suspected COVID-19 in the ED were enrolled. N = 17 subsequently tested positive using SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swabs, while in n = 41 COVID-19 was ruled-out. We analyzed both standard and extended coagulation parameters, including thromboplastin time (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), D-dimers, and fibrinogen at admission, as well as α2-antiplasmin, activated protein C -resistance, factor V, lupus anticoagulant, protein C, protein S, and von Willebrand diagnostics. These data, as well as mortality and further laboratory parameters, were compared across groups based on COVID-19 diagnosis and severity of disease. In patients with COVID-19, we detected frequent clotting abnormalities, including D-dimers. The comparison cohort in the ED, however, showed similarly altered coagulation. Furthermore, parameters previously shown to distinguish between severe and moderate COVID-19 courses, such as platelets, plasminogen, fibrinogen, aPTT, INR, and antithrombin, as well as multiple nonroutine coagulation analytes showed no significant differences between patients with and without COVID-19 when presenting to the ED. At admission to the ED the prevalence of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 is high, yet comparable to the non-COVID-19 cohort presenting with respiratory symptoms. Nevertheless, coagulopathy might worsen during disease progression with the need of subsequent risk stratification.
Operando single crystal neutron diffraction reveals insight into the field response mechanisms in the hydrogen-bonded KH2PO4 ferroelectric
Authors: Fancher C. M. , Hoffmann C. M. , Wang X. P. , Daemen L. L. , Schultz A. J.
Published: February 2021

The mechanism that facilitates polarization reorientation in KH2PO4 (KDP) was investigated using operando single-crystal neutron diffraction. Diffraction data were measured from a KDP single crystal during the application of alternating electric fields and were then binned into 40 increments to enable field-dependent single-crystal structure refinements. The field-dependent structures are compared with an as-grown crystal to determine how the lattice and atomic sites evolve in response to the applied electric fields. These analyses provide evidence that the reorientation of the macroscopic polarization is facilitated through a cooperative change in hydrogen bonding, which results in the reversal of the spontaneous dipole. In addition, a decrease in secondary extinction near the coercive field indicates that the inversion of the macroscopic polarization is achieved through the nucleation and subsequent growth of new domains.
Distributed Bragg reflectors from colloidal trilayer flake solutions
Authors: Malekovic Mirela , Bermúdez-Ureña Esteban , Steiner Ullrich , Wilts Bodo D.
Published: February 2021

The fabrication of highly reflective inorganic distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) from aqueous solutions of colloidal flakes is demonstrated. Our approach involves the deposition of compact or mesoporous TiO2–SiO2–TiO2 trilayers onto a patterned sacrificial layer. A subsequent etch-release of the patterned flakes into water results in a colloidal flake solution. Drops of this flake-containing solution are then deposited onto another substrate, where they self-assemble into stacks upon solvent evaporation. This method gives rise to high quality DBRs in a much quicker fabrication process compared to previously established methods and produces ordered DBRs of high reflectivity. Changing compact for mesoporous assemblies, the produced DBRs can be used for environmental refractive index sensing. The presented approach may open the way for the on-demand integration of stimuli-responsive DBRs into microfluidic and fiber-end sensing applications or allow the integration of highly reflective colloidal flakes with light emission and detection technologies.
Impact of grain orientation and phase on Volta potential differences in an additively manufactured titanium alloy
Authors: Benzing Jake T. , Maryon Olivia O. , Hrabe Nik , Davis Paul H. , Hurley Michael F. , DelRio Frank W.
Published: February 2021

This work introduces a method for co-localized multi-modal imaging of sub-μm features in an additively manufactured (AM) titanium alloy. Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured by electron beam melting powder bed fusion were subjected to hot isostatic pressing to seal internal porosity and machined to remove contour–hatch interfaces. Electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy-based techniques (electron backscatter diffraction and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy) were used to measure and categorize the effects of crystallographic texture, misorientation, and phase content on the relative differences in the Volta potential of α-Ti and β-Ti phases. Given the tunability of additive manufacturing processes, recommendations for texture and phase control are discussed. In particular, our findings indicate that the potential for micro-galvanic corrosion initiation can be regulated in AM Ti-6Al-4V parts by minimizing both the total area of {111} prior-β grains and the number of contact points between {111} β grains and α laths that originate from {001} prior-β grains.
Neutral polar hybrid perovskites of [(CH3)2SO][RE(HCOO)3] (RE = Lu and Y): Phase transitions driven by transformation of weak C–H⋯O interactions
Authors: Xiong Li-Hui , Zhao Tian-Meng , Wang Bing-Wu , Wang Zhe-Ming , Gao Song
Published: February 2021

Two iso-structural hybrid perovskites of [(CH3)2SO][RE(HCOO)3] for RE3+ = Lu3+ and Y3+ are polar and possess neutral rare earth formate frameworks incorporating dimethyl sulfoxide locating in the framework cavities and coordinating to the RE3+ ions. The materials display reversible phase transitions at 172 K and 138 K for Lu and Y, respectively. The phase transitions are driven by the transformations of weak C–H⋯O interactions and the gradual twists of the constituents in low temperature, which control the order–disorder states of dimethyl sulfoxide and account for different anisotropic thermal expansion behaviors for the two phases and the characters of dielectric responses.
Three-dimensional aperture principle for end-fire radiation antenna array
Authors: Dai Legen , Xie Yongjun , Wang Huai , Wu Peiyu
Published: February 2021

According to the two-dimensional aperture principle, directivity and gain are expected to be proportional to the aperture area of an antenna or antenna array. Our simulations and measurements of an end-fire radiation antenna array overturn this conventional wisdom. The gain of an end-fire antenna array is found to be much higher than that calculated by the two-dimensional aperture principle. We introduce a length component into the two-dimensional aperture principle and propose a three-dimensional aperture principle. A four-element end-fire antenna array is designed and measured to verify the correctness of this new principle. The three-dimensional aperture principle opens a pathway to novel types of aperture utilization.
Design and simulation of a new silicon pixel detector with equal width floating electrodes
Authors: Wu Chaosheng , Huang Xuanang , Xiao Yongguang , Li Zheng
Published: February 2021

In order to reduce the noise of traditional silicon pixel detectors, a new type of low-capacitance silicon pixel detector with three floating electrodes is proposed in this paper, which reduces the cathode area while keeping the volume unchanged. A TCAD simulator is used to simulate the electrical performance of the detector and obtain electrical characteristics including depletion voltage, capacitance, and leakage current. According to the results of simulation and calculation, compared with the traditional silicon pixel detector with the same volume, the capacitance of the detector without floating electrodes was reduced by 68%, the capacitance of the detector with three floating electrodes was reduced by 68%, and the leakage current was reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Butterfly-shaped magnetoresistance in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
Authors: Ohta Tomoharu , Tokuda Masashi , Iwakiri Shuichi , Sakai Kosuke , Driesen Benjamin , Okada Yoshinori , Kobayashi Kensuke , Niimi Yasuhiro
Published: February 2021

We have performed magnetoresistance (MR) measurements on van der Waals ferromagnetic devices using quenched- (Q-) and nonquenched- (NQ-) Fe5GeTe2 crystals. A clear butterfly-shaped hysteresis has been observed for thin-film (less than 6 unit-cell layer) Q- and NQ-Fe5GeTe2 devices, but not for thicker film ones. The switching field of the butterfly-shaped MR is consistent with the coercive filed obtained from the Hall measurements. The MR ratio of the butterfly peak reaches about 10% at maximum, which is much larger than that observed with conventional magnetic materials. Such a large MR ratio would be related to magnetic fluctuations due to the complicated magnetic structure in this material.
Synthesis of magneto-responsive microswimmers for biomedical applications
Authors: Alshammari Hayder A. , Akdogan Nilay Gunduz , Erkoc Pelin , Akdogan Ozan
Published: February 2021

Interest in untethered mini and micro-robots has shown a significant increase lately, especially magneto-responsive swimmers. In this study, a soft sub-millimeter sized swimmer and a magnetic actuation system was developed. An extrusion-based 3D printer was used to form swimmers with three different types of magnetic content, Fe micro flakes and nanoparticles, and Nd-Fe-B micro flakes, were incorporated into polymeric bounder material. Using milli- and micro-swimmers in biological environments demands the use of cyto-compatible materials that would disguise the magnetic materials from the immune system. In this study, particles were encapsulated in a gelatin-alginate-cellulose based hydrogel. Next, these microswimmers were steered along a path via the magnetic gradient created by a custom-made electromagnetic system. The base of the electromagnetic system was designed using a CAD computer program and three dimensionally (3D)-printed. Consisting of four independent solenoids, each two controlling the movement on an axis, the system was designed to move the microswimmers in a certain path. The solenoids were controlled by Arduino microcontroller board. The electrical current applied to the electromagnetic device in all the trials was 2 amperes, which generates a magnetic field in between 100 to 376 Gauss throughout the experiment area. Thus, a magnetic gradient from the center to the pole of the solenoid was established. The magnetic and chemical behavior of these materials were compared based on their magnetic responsiveness and 3d printability. Developed magneto-responsive microswimmers could be used in biomedical robotics and drug delivery applications.
Formation of quasi-free-standing graphene on SiC(0001) through intercalation of erbium
Authors: Bentley P. D. , Bird T. W. , Graham A. P. J. , Fossberg O. , Tear S. P. , Pratt A.
Published: February 2021

Activation of the carbon buffer layer on 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates using elements with high magnetic moments may lead to novel graphene/SiC-based spintronic devices. In this work, we use a variety of surface analysis techniques to explore the intercalation of Er underneath the buffer layer showing evidence for the associated formation of quasi-free-standing graphene (QFSG). A combined analysis of low energy electron diffraction (LEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), and metastable de-excitation spectroscopy (MDS) data reveals that annealing at temperatures up to 1073 K leads to deposited Er clustering at the surface. The data suggest that intercalation of Er occurs at 1273 K leading to the breaking of back-bonds between the carbon buffer layer and the underlying SiC substrate and the formation of QFSG. Further annealing at 1473 K does not lead to the desorption of Er atoms but does result in further graphitization of the surface.
Repeated evolution of an undescribed morphotype of Rhagada (Gastropoda : Camaenidae) from the inland Pilbara, Western Australia
Authors: Hamilton Zoë R.
Published: February 2021

An undescribed small, banded morphotype of Rhagada land snails occurs widely in the rocky inland Pilbara region, Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes revealed that this novel morphotype is polyphyletic, comprising four distinct major clades, with divergences up to 21.4% at COI. These clades are apparently morphologically cryptic, with no obvious shell differences. Two of these species are associated with the major clade of Rhagada in the Pilbara mainland, one of which appears to be a variant of the larger, more globose species R. pilbarana, which occurs within 20km proximity. The other two small, banded species are phylogenetically distinct from each other and all other known Rhagada. This small, banded morphotype shows evidence for both plesiomorphy and homoplasy. The morphotype has evolved independently at least twice, and is associated with the reasonably uniform habitat and harsh conditions in the elevated hinterland of the inland Pilbara. The broad distribution of the inland, small, banded morphotype conforms to the pattern of broad-scale uniformity of shells of the more coastal species of Rhagada. Its repeated evolution, however, confirms that the morphological uniformity is not simply because of common ancestry, supporting the theory that shell form in Rhagada is adapted to a broadly homogenous environment. Shell morphology in this genus has been demonstrated on more than one occasion to have the potential to adapt to different available environments, and hence shells should be used with a degree of caution for taxonomic interpretation.
Language over time
Authors: Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

This paper demonstrates how the tools of Interactional Linguistics can be applied to the study of change in
language use. It examines the particle OKAY as used in everyday American English interaction at two different points in time, the
1960s and the 1990s/early 2000s. The focus is on the remarkable increase of OKAY as a response in epistemically driven sequences.
Three uses of epistemic OKAY are identified in the newer data, one of which is unattested in the older data: OKAY in response to
information that has no implications for the recipient’s agenda or expressed beliefs. This novel use of OKAY appears in the newer
data where OH would have occurred earlier, although OH is still attested with displays of affect such as surprise and empathy. The
study concludes by arguing for an examination of ‘possibility spaces’, the set of options for filling a given sequential slot in
conversational structure, at different points in time as a means for identifying changes in language use.
Human marginal zone B cell development from early T2 progenitors
Authors: Tull Thomas J. , Pitcher Michael J. , Guesdon William , Siu Jacqueline H.Y. , Lebrero-Fernández Cristina , Zhao Yuan , Petrov Nedyalko , Heck Susanne , Ellis Richard , Dhami Pawan , Kadolsky Ulrich D. , Kleeman Michelle , Kamra Yogesh , Fear David J. , John Susan , Jassem Wayel , Groves Richard W. , Sanderson Jeremy D. , Robson Michael G. , D’Cruz David P. , Bemark Mats , Spencer Jo
Published: February 2021

B cells emerge from the bone marrow as transitional (TS) B cells that differentiate through T1, T2, and T3 stages to become naive B cells. We have identified a bifurcation of human B cell maturation from the T1 stage forming IgMhi and IgMlo developmental trajectories. IgMhi T2 cells have higher expression of α4β7 integrin and lower expression of IL-4 receptor (IL4R) compared with the IgMlo branch and are selectively recruited into gut-associated lymphoid tissue. IgMhi T2 cells also share transcriptomic features with marginal zone B cells (MZBs). Lineage progression from T1 cells to MZBs via an IgMhi trajectory is identified by pseudotime analysis of scRNA-sequencing data. Reduced frequency of IgMhi gut-homing T2 cells is observed in severe SLE and is associated with reduction of MZBs and their putative IgMhi precursors. The collapse of the gut-associated MZB maturational axis in severe SLE affirms its existence in health.
Sensitivity enhancement of micro-optical gyro with photonic crystal*
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhao Shuhua , Geng Jingtong , Xue Bing , Zhang Yonggang
Published: February 2021

We propose a core rotation-sensing element for improving the sensitivity of the micro-optical gyroscope using the large nonreciprocal effect with a photonic crystal. The sharp transmission peak of electromagnetically induced transparency in photonic crystal generated from a periodic distribution of cold atoms is sensitive to the rotation. Our numerical results show that the sensitivity of relative rotation is about 50 times higher and the sensitivity of absolute rotation is more than two orders higher than that of the traditional resonant optical gyroscope. Also, the sensitivity of the gyroscope can be manipulated by varying the atomic density, modulation frequency, probe pulse width, and photonic crystal length, etc.
Single boron atom anchored on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (B/g-C2N) as a photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation: A first-principles study*
Authors: Zhu Hao-Ran , Chen Jia-Liang , Wei Shi-Hao
Published: February 2021

It is essential to explore high efficient catalysts for nitrogen reduction in ammonia production. Based on the first-principles calculation, we find that B/g-C2N can serve as high performance photocatalyst in N2 fixation, where single boron atom is anchored on the g-C2N to form B/g-C2N. With the introduction of B atom to g-C2N, the energy gap reduces from 2.45 eV to 1.21 eV and shows strong absorption in the visible light region. In addition, N2 can be efficiently reduced on B/g-C2N through the enzymatic mechanism with low onset potential of 0.07 V and rate-determining barrier of 0.50 eV. The “acceptance-donation” interaction between B/g-C2N and N2 plays a key role to active N2, and the BN2 moiety of B/g-C2N acts as active and transportation center. The activity originates from the strong interaction between 1π1π* orbitals of N2 and molecular orbitals of B/g-C2N, the ionization of 1π orbital and the filling of 1π* orbital can increase the N≡N bond length greatly, making the activation of N2. Overall, this work demonstrates that B/g-C2N is a promising photocatalyst for N2 fixation.
Production of bottomonium-like Zb
states in e-h and ultraperipheral h-h collisions *
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Kou Wei , Lin Qing-Yong , Xie Ya-Ping , Chen Xurong , Guskov Alexey
Published: February 2021

The photoproduction of the bottomonium-like states

and

via

scattering is studied within an effective Lagrangian approach and the vector-meson-dominance model. The Regge model is employed to calculate the photoproduction of

states via the t-channel with

exchange. The numerical results show that the values of the total cross-sections of

and

can reach 0.09 nb and 0.02 nb, respectively, near the center-of-mass energy of 22 GeV. Experimental measurements and studies of the photoproduction of

states near the energy region around

GeV are suggested. Moreover, with the help of eSTARlight and STARlight programs, we have obtained the cross-sections and numbers of events for

production in electron-ion collisions (EIC) and ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The results show that a considerable number of

events can be produced in the relevant experiments on EICs and UPCs. We have also calculated the rates and kinematic distributions for

in

and

collisions via EICs and UPCs. The results will provide an important reference for the RHIC, LHC, EIC-US, LHeC, and FCC experiments in searching for bottomonium-like

states.
Current status of an optically-segmented single-volume scatter camera for neutron imaging
Authors: Tellez-Galindo A.
Published: February 2021

The Single-Volume Scatter Camera (SVSC) approach to kinematic neutron imaging, in which an incident neutron’s direction is reconstructed via multiple neutron-proton scattering events, potentially offers much greater efficiency and portability than current systems. In our first design of an Optically-Segmented (OS) SVSC, the detector consists of an 8 × 8 array of 5 × 5 × 200 mm3 bars of EJ-204 scintillator wrapped in Teflon tape, optically coupled with SensL J-series 6 × 6 mm Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays, all inside an aluminum frame that serves as a dark box. The SiPMs are read out using custom (multi-GSPS) waveform sampling electronics. In this work, construction, characterization, and electronics updates are reported. The position, time, and energy resolutions of individual bars were obtained by measuring different scintillators with different reflectors. This work was carried out in parallel at the University of Hawaii and at Sandia National Laboratories and resulted in the preliminary design of the camera. Monte-Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit were carried out for individual scintillator bars, as well as the array setup. A custom analysis using ROOT libraries in C++ simulated the SiPM response from Geant4 photon hits. This analysis framework is under development and will allow for seamless comparisons between experimental and simulated data.
Development of the technology of 0NBC code formation on a metal surface by laser marking
Authors: Zakharenko E A , Pryakhin E I , Romanov V V , Shchedrina N N
Published: February 2021

In this work, the formation of a two-dimensional code, NBC, using laser marking is considered. A complete factorial analysis was carried out to determine the optimal laser irradiation parameters for obtaining the most contrasting image of code cells on a metal surface (steel AISI 321) using laser marking. The regression equation is obtained, the coefficients of the equation are checked for signification, and the equation is checked for adequacy, an interpretation of the equation coefficients is given, the optimal laser marking parameters are obtained.
Simulation model of the organization of technologicaltransport movement at a mining enterprise
Authors: Afanasyev A S , Egoshin A M , Alekseev S V
Published: February 2021

The article presents a simulation model for organizing the movement of technological transport on the road network of a mining enterprise, the study of which will justify the use of technical means of traffic control and avoid emergencies. The simulation model of traffic management on the road network of the mining enterprise is designed to study the effectiveness of the road network and the traffic control system on it, including using automation tools, calculating the control parameters of traffic regulation and verifying the correct choice of their number and location on the ground. The simulation model has a block-modular structure. As the control program, the algorithm of the technical means for organizing traffic at the facility and section of the road is used. The developed simulation model makes it possible to take into account such parameters of the traffic flow as the type, speed of the vehicle, and time intervals between vehicles. During the simulation, situations of standard movement of vehicles along a road section, the occurrence of a traffic accident and accumulation of vehicles on a road section, as well as the maintenance, repair and reconstruction of roads and the functioning of traffic control equipment at the enterprise are set up.
Analysis of schedules and load indicators for the choice of the generation composition in the wind-diesel complex
Authors: Shklyarskiy J E , Batueva D E
Published: February 2021

The energy consumption of villages in the Arctic is characterized mainly by household consumers. The load schedule of such consumers has a characteristic shape and is determined by the heating season in the winter and a sharp change in external climatic conditions in the spring and autumn. The load graphs of a village in the Arctic are analyzed in an article, maximum average consumption is 369 kW in January-February. We study such indicators of load graphs as average load, rms load, variance of the load graph and standard deviation of the load from the average. As a result, it was found that the standard deviation of the load has large values precisely in the winter months and the spring-autumn period, when energy consumption changes significantly, and, therefore, this indicator must be taken into account when choosing the composition of the generation in the wind-diesel complex.