bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting MOOC Usage by Students in Selected Ghanaian Universities
Authors: Fianu Eli , Blewett Craig , Ofori Kwame Simpe
Published: March 2018

There has been widespread criticism about the rates of participation of students enrolled on MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), more importantly, the percentage of students who actively consume course materials from beginning to the end. This study sought to investigate this trend by examining the factors that influence MOOC adoption and use by students in selected Ghanaian universities. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was extended to develop a research model. A survey was conducted with 270 questionnaires administered to students who had been assigned MOOCs; 204 questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. Findings of the study show that MOOC usage intention is influenced by computer self-efficacy, performance expectancy, and system quality. Results also showed that MOOC usage is influenced by facilitating conditions, instructional quality, and MOOC usage intention. Social influence and effort expectancy were found not to have a significant influence on MOOC usage intention. The authors conclude that universities must have structures and resources in place to promote the use of MOOCs by students.   Computer skills training should also be part of the educational curriculum at all levels. MOOC designers must ensure good instructional quality by using the right pedagogical approaches and also ensure that the sites and learning materials are of good quality.
A Novel Animation Method Based on Mesh Decimation
Authors: Sun Qiyun , Wan Wanggen , Feng Xiang , Chen Guoliang ,   School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University,   Institute of Smart City, Shanghai University No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 20044, China
Published: March 2018

Skeleton based skin deformation methods are widely used in computer animations, with the help of some animation software, like 3D Studio Max and Maya. Most of these animation methods are based on linear blending skinning algorithm and its improved versions, showing good real-time performance. However, it is difficult for new users to use these complicated softwares to make animation. In this paper, we focus on surface based mesh deformation methods. We use spokes and rims deformation method to animate mesh models. However, this method shows poor real-time performance with high-resolution mesh models. We propose a novel animation method based on mesh decimation, making it possible to animate high-resolution mesh models in real time with the spokes and rims method. In this way, users only need to control the movement of handles to acquire intuitively reasonable animation of arbitrary mesh model. It is easier and more convenient for users to make their own animation. The experimental results show that the proposed animation method is feasible and effective and shows great real-time performance.
The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data
Authors: Hernán Miguel A.
Published: March 2018

Causal inference is a core task of science. However, authors and editors often refrain from explicitly acknowledging the causal goal of research projects; they refer to causal effect estimates as associational estimates.

This commentary argues that using the term “causal” is necessary to improve the quality of observational research.

Specifically, being explicit about the causal objective of a study reduces ambiguity in the scientific question, errors in the data analysis, and excesses in the interpretation of the results.
Joint Community Health Needs Assessments as a Path for Coordinating Community-Wide Health Improvement Efforts Between Hospitals and Local Health Departments
Authors: Carlton Erik L. , Singh Simone Rauscher
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To examine the association between hospital–local health department (LHD) collaboration around community health needs assessments (CHNAs) and hospital investment in community health.

Methods. We combined 2015 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Forces of Change, 2013 NACCHO Profile, and 2014–2015 Area Health Resource File data to identify a sample of LHDs (n = 439) across the United States. We included data on hospitals’ community benefit from their 2014 tax filings (Internal Revenue Service Form 990, Schedule H). We used bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine LHDs’ involvement in hospitals’ CHNAs and implementation strategies and the relationship with hospital investment in community health.

Results. The LHDs that collaborated with hospitals around CHNAs were significantly more likely to be involved in joint implementation planning activities than were those that did not. Importantly, LHD involvement in hospitals’ implementation strategies was associated with greater hospital investment in community health improvement initiatives.

Conclusions. Joint CHNAs may improve coordination of community-wide health improvement efforts between hospitals and LHDs and encourage hospital investment in community health improvement activities.

Public Health Implications. Policies that strengthen LHD–hospital collaboration around the CHNA may enhance hospital investments in community health.
Disproportionate Sterilization of Latinos Under California’s Eugenic Sterilization Program, 1920–1945
Authors: Novak Nicole L. , Lira Natalie , O’Connor Kate E. , Harlow Siobán D. , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Stern Alexandra Minna
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To compare population-based sterilization rates between Latinas/os and non-Latinas/os sterilized under California’s eugenics law.

Methods. We used data from 17 362 forms recommending institutionalized patients for sterilization between 1920 and 1945. We abstracted patient gender, age, and institution of residence into a data set. We extracted data on institution populations from US Census microdata from 1920, 1930, and 1940 and interpolated between census years. We used Spanish surnames to identify Latinas/os in the absence of data on race/ethnicity. We used Poisson regression with a random effect for each patient’s institution of residence to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and compare sterilization rates between Latinas/os and non-Latinas/os, stratifying on gender and adjusting for differences in age and year of sterilization.

Results. Latino men were more likely to be sterilized than were non-Latino men (IRR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15, 1.31), and Latina women experienced an even more disproportionate risk of sterilization relative to non-Latinas (IRR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.48, 1.70).

Conclusions. Eugenic sterilization laws were disproportionately applied to Latina/o patients, particularly Latina women and girls. Understanding historical injustices in public health can inform contemporary public health practice.
La lectura en FLE por y para el aprendizaje
Authors: Ventura Daniela
Published: March 2018

El proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua materna (LM) pasa por el dominio de las destrezas de comprensión y de interpretación. Según se recaba de los informes PISA 2009 y PISA 2012 (OCDE) aplicados a alumnos de quince años integrados en el sistema educativo, España ocupa una posición inferior a la media de la OCDE en la competencia lectora. Dicha constatación se hace extensible al aprendizaje de segundas lenguas. Los resultados obtenidos en FLE en comprensión escrita ponen de manifiesto un problema tanto a nivel de la comprensión profunda del texto como de su organización interna por parte del discente. Demostraremos que la falta de atención, la lectura superficial así como una carencia básica en el dominio de ciertas habilidades cognitivo-discursivas constituyen la causa fundamental de la incomprensión lectora.
Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Galur-galur Aromatik Padi Sawah di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Akmal Akmal , Gunarsih Cucu , Samaullah M. Yamin
Published: March 2018

This research was aimed to describe the yield stability and growth adaptation of elite lines of aromatic rice in rice production centers of North Sumatra. The experiments were conducted at 10 sites during dry season (DS) 2001 and DS 2002. Research materials consisted of 12 elite lines introduced from IRRI with IR64 as check variety. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Stability analysis was performed using methods of Eberhart and Russell, Finlay and Wilkinson, and Francis and Kanennberg. The results showed that the interaction of genotype x environment effect was very significant, indicating the presence of specific line adaptation on a particular environment. Genotypes which had the highest average yield were not always stable genotypes, as was shown by IR71137-49-1-2 which was more suitable to the sub-optimum environment. Lines IR71143-223-3-2-2-3, IR71146-97-1-2-1-3, IR65610-24-3-6-3-2-3, IR66696-49-1-2, IR71146-407-2-1-2-1, IR71146-122-1-1-2-1 were considered as stable genotypes according to the three analysis methods and each line showed high average yield. Those genotypes are suggested to be planted in the high productivity environments in order to obtain its optimum genetic expressivity on grain yield
Dampak Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Perdesaan terhadap Adopsi Teknologi Budi Daya Padi
Authors: Zakaria Amar K.
Published: March 2018

The rehabilitation of irrigation canal on the rural area is very important to rice farmers because the use of water is becoming more eficient and rice production and farmer’s income is increasing. Increasing the rice productivity would be considered as an indication of farmer’s participation on the adoption of technology. The present study was aimed to evaluate the technology adoption on rice farming in relation with the irrigation canal rehabilitation. The study was carried out in Majalengka district of West Java, during 2012 using survey method. The data were collected through the interview techniques to 44 farmer respondents using structured questionnaires. The data were cross tabulated and to measure the advantage of adopting the technology, Gross R/C ratio was calculated along with the break even point/BEP. Result of the analyses showed that after rehabilitation of the rural irrigation infrastructure the water supply was becoming more available and farmers were motivated to adopt the rice farming technology and the management of rice cultivation. The degree of technology adoption was considered as optimum and economically was feasible, as indicated by the value of R/C between 1.98 and 2.15, with the profitability of 49.6 percent to 53.5 percent. The partial budgetting analysis showed the B/C marginal of 2.59 and growing Ciherang rice variety is considered to be profitable.
Daya Gabung Inbred Jagung Pulut untuk Pembentukan Varietas Hibrida
Authors: Santoso Sigit Budi , H.G M. Yasin , Faesal Faesal
Published: March 2018

Plant breeder utilizes performance of the experimental hybrid to study the effect of inbred parents on the hybrid development. Combining ability analyses using diallel mating indicates the potential heterosis effect on their hybrid combinations, which could be used in the breeding programs. Griffing’s model II was used to measure the responses of F1 hybrids relative to the parents and the overall F1 performances. The experiment consisted of 8 waxy corn inbred parents each was crossed in half-diallel combinations, resulting of 36 entries, including the inbred parents. The entries were set in a randomized complete block design with two replications, 2 rows (5 m) for each plot. Research was conducted in Gowa District of South Sulawesi from April to July 2012. The objectives of the research were to obtain the phenotypic correlation, General Combining Ability (GCA), Spesific Combining ability (SCA) and the heterosis effect of the parents. Results showed there were significant effects of genotypes on all traits, except for the number of kernels per ear row. The highest phenotypic correlation for grain yield was with the ear diameter (r = 0.86). The GCA effect among genotypes for grain yield was not significant, but for the 1,000 seed weight, ear length, and ear diameter, each was significant. The highest GCA was obtained by P8, of 38,375 for 1,000 seed weight. The SCA was significant for yield and yield components, except for the row number per ear and kernel per ear row. The highest SCA was indicated by P1xP5, and the hybrid yielded 2.29 t/ha, with the mid parents heterosis of 71%. But, the highest grain yield of the hybrid was obtained by P4 x P8 of 2.32 t/ha with 51% heterosis. Based on the yield and SCA value, two spesifik hybrid combinations (P1 x P5; P4 x P8) were considered a good potential for waxy corn hybrid development
Potensi Hasil Galur Harapan Padi Sawah Ultra Genjah dan Sangat Genjah
Authors: Pramudyawardani E. F. , Suprihatno B. , Mejaya Made J.
Published: March 2018

Breeding for high yielding rice varieties with VVEM (<90 days after sowing/ das) is considered important to increase cropping indexes in the fully irrigated farm lands. This research was aimed to evaluate the yield potential of 200 promising VVE and VE maturing rice lines. A total of 200 VVE and VE maturing rice lines and five check varieties (Ciherang, Dodokan, Inpari 1, Inpari 13, Silugonggo) were evaluated in Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) at Sukamandi Experimental Farm using augmented design, during the dry season of 2012. The 17 lines selected from PYT along with three check varieties (Silugonggo, Inpari 13, Ciherang) were further evaluated in Advanced Yield Trial (AYT) using randomized complete block design at Sukamandi, Kuningan, Magelang and Klaten, during wet season of 2012. Of the 200 lines tested in PYT, three lines yielded significantly higher than the best check variety (Inpari 1) and 2 lines did equal to Inpari 1. A total of 155 lines were VVE (<90 das), and 45 lines were VE maturing (91-104 das). Based on yield per day, 17 lines were selected to be evaluated in AYT in WS 2012. Based on combined analyses from four locations of AYT, seven lines produced grain yield/ha and grain yield/day higher than did the best check Silugonggo (5.51 t/ha and 51.7 kg/day); there were14 lines did better than Ciherang (5.07 t/ha; 41.9 kg/day), and 13 lines yielded better than did Inpari 13 (5.27 t/ha; 46.7 kg/day). The best seven lines and lines with higher productivity per day than that of the best check, with an average yield of 5.62 t/ha up to 6.12 t/ha, with days to maturity from 87 up to 94 das, were ready to be evaluated in Multi Locational Yield Trial to meet the requirement for the release of new variety.
Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPKS dan NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah pada Inceptisol
Authors: Hartatik Wiwik , Widowati Ladiyani Retno
Published: March 2018

Rate of NPK fertilization on rice using NPK compound fertilizer needs to consider soil nutrient status and plant nutrient requirement. The research was aimed to determine the optimum rate of compound fertilizer and the effect of enriched S nutrient of NPKS compound (15-15-15-5S) and NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) on the growth and yield of rice. The experiments were conducted at two sites in Galuga, Ciampea Bogor, West Java from April to September 2013, using randomised complete block design with 3 replications. Experiment at site I consisted of 9 treatments: six levels of fertilizers NPKS i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha, standard fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer equivalent to standard, and standard fertilizer plus S. Rate of urea, SP-36, and KCl for standard fertilizer treatment was respectively 250, 75, and 50 kg/ha. At site II the treatments consisted of 6 levels of NPK compound fertilizer i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha and the standard fertilizer with rate of 250 kg/ha of urea, 50 kg/ha SP-36, and 75 kg/ha KCl. Plot size was 4 m x 5 m planted with Ciherang variety. Data collection included chemical properties of soil before and after the experiment, plant height, number of tillers, straw weight, and dry grain weight and the nutrient uptake. The effectiveness of fertilizer was calculated by RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness). Results showed that fertilizer NPKS (15-15-15-5S) at 600 kg/ha effectively increased dry grain weight from 3.63 t/ha to 4.67 t/ha, but was not significantly different from a standard fertilizer treatment. It increased dry grain weight by 29% compared to control. NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) effectively promoted growth and dry grain weight equivalent to standard fertilizer at rate of 300-750 kgha. The optimum rate of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was 440 kg/ha as was shown with the production performance of 4.12 t/ha with RAE by 58%. NPKS compound fertilizer with rate of 750 kg/ha showed the highest uptake of N, P, and K nutrients and significantly increased the available P in the soil. Whereas NPK compound fertilizer with a rate of 600 kg/ha indicated the highest P nutrient uptake. Fertilizer enrichment with sulfur on NPKS fertilizer (15-15-15-5S) did not significant affect on grain dry weight.
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Biji Genotipe Kedelai di Berbagai Intensitas Naungan
Authors: Sundari Titik , Anggoro Susanto Gatut Wahyu
Published: March 2018

Intensity and quality of sunlight received by plants during the reproductive period greatly influence the soybean yield and yield components. Growth and seed yield of soybean genotypes at different shade intensities were assessed through research conducted at the Research Station of Kendalpayak, Malang, in the year 2011. Three soybean varieties, namely: Pangrango, Argomulyo, and Grobogan, and twelve soybean promising lines tolerant to shade were tested on four artificial shade intensities, ie without shade (N0), shade of 25% (N1), 50% (N2), and 75% (N3). Placement of treatments in each level of shade was arranged in a randomized block design, replicated three times. Results showed that: shade treatment changed the microclimate under the shading. Shade treatment of 25%, 50%, and 75% caused different stress intensities. Shade intensity of 75% caused an increase in plant height and specific leaf area, a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption rate, photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll index, number of filled pods, and seed weight per plant. Number of filled pods was considered effective to be used as a basis for selecting soybean genotypes having high yield in shaded conditions. Plant height and seed weight could be used as an indicator for soybean shade tolerance. Genotype AI26-1114-8-28 and IIj9-299-1-4 were considered as shade-tolerant up to 75% shade based on the stress index tolerance value (ITC).
Model Dinamik Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai pada Penyimpanan Terbuka
Authors: Wahyuni Ari , Suhartanto M. R. , Qadir Abdul
Published: March 2018

Soybean seed viability declines during seed storage. Soybean seed deteriorates rapidly, affected by its high protein content and often high humidity in the tropical environment. This research was aimed to develop dynamic model of soybean seed viability in an open storage. The study was conducted in three stages, namely: 1) desk study, 2) seed storage experiment, 3) development of seed storage model, simulation and verification of the model. The second stage of the experiment consisted of soybean seed storing and germination testing using completely randomized design. Treatments were three initial moisture content (7-8%, 9-10% and 11-12%) and four varieties of soybean (Anjasmoro, Wilis, Detam-1 and Detam-2). The results showed that the seed behaviour during storage period were affected by initial seed moisture content, initial viability, varieties and environmental condition. Therefore, seed moisture content, initial viability and varieties may be used as input model. Moisture content, integreting seed respiration, electric conductivity and seed storability vigor (VDSDB) were as model output. Simulation of Seed Storability Vigor Prediction Model with Model Construction Layer-Stella (MCLS) using relative humidity (RH), temperature, seed permeability, initial moisture content and initial viability as input model could logically predict the seed moisture content and seed storability vigor (VDSDB).
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION SECTOR IN INDONESIA’S PRODUCTION PYRAMID
Authors: Panggabean Martin
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the importance of financial intermediation sector in the inter-industry context, using input-output tables from 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. Known as matrix triangulation problem, the problem was mathematically categorized as NP-Hard where exact solution to real-world data cannot be ascertained. The algorithm used in this paper was proposed by Chanas-Kobylanski. The computation results confirm that the financial intermediation sector is consistently among the most important sector in the production structure of the Indonesian economy by serving non-negligible input to most sectors inthe economy. This paper shows that the sector has mixed record toward small-scale businesses. Financial intermediation sector supports directly and indirectly retail trade, agricultural and food-beverages sectors. The relatively large share of input from financial sector implies the high interest rate charged by banks to the retail trade sector, which in turn reflects high risk associated with Retail Trade (and SMEs in general). Thus tightening and improving efficiency between financial intermediation and retail trade sector will not only increase SMEs participation in the economy but also improve the economic activities in the agricultural and food-beverages sectors which combined contributes to around 19 percent of Indonesia’s GDP.
QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER II, 2017
Authors: Pramono Bambang , Perdymer Syachman , Adiwilaga Handri , Aman Nurkholisoh Ibnu , Khasananda Rio , Saraswati Saraswati , Riyadi Illinia Ayudhia , Darmaputri Bintari Dewi
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes the economic condition of the second quarter of 2017 and provides the outlookfor 2017 and 2018. It covers the global dynamics and domestic in national level as well as spatial views inIndonesia. From external, global economic expansion continues, entailing a shift in the sources of growthwith China and Europe was expected to increase, while US economy grew slower than expected. At home,Indonesia’s economic growth was stable on the back of gain in investment particularly building investment.On the other hand, household consumption growth slowed, government consumption contracted afterspending was delayed, and exports posted slower growth. Spatially, the slowdown occurred in Java,Sulawesi and Kalimantan. CPI inflation was maintained within the target range despite increasing demandduring the lead up to national religious holidays. Balance of payments recorded a surplus while currentaccount deficit remains well maintained and financed by a large surplus in the capital and financial account..The rupiah rate moved steadily, with lower volatility relative to peer countries. The Banking industry waswell maintained and continued to strengthen financial system stability. The continued easing of monetarypolicy was responded by declining rates on deposits and loans. Moving forward, Bank Indonesia expectseconomic growth to accelerate in 2017, and grow higher in 2018 on the back of increased investmentand consumption in line with more expansive government spending along with space to ease monetarypolicy. On the other hand, inflationary pressures will be controlled in line with the lower inflation target.
Online Banking Implementation: Risk Mapping Using ERM Approach
Authors: Jaya Sakti Mochamad Aji , Achsani Noer Azham , Syarifuddin Ferry
Published: March 2018

The implementation of online banking in Indonesia is in line with the increasingof mobile device users who have become a part of people’s lifestyle, hence onlinebanking offers easiness to access on banking services. This study is to examine riskmapping on the implementation online banking using ERM approach, including riskmitigation strategies for identified risks. This research was conducted at XYZ Bankwho has implemented online banking. The results of this study find 55 potentialrisks. Some of it identified risks related to bank system security such as vulnerabilityto viruses, malware, hacking, also access information by an unauthorized person.Risk mitigation strategies applied by XYZ Bank is mostly done by managing the riskbecause the implementation online banking is still on the development process, andthe Bank remains optimistic with the future prospect of online banking by staying withgovernment regulations.
ANNs-Based Early Warning System for Indonesian Islamic Banks
Authors: Anwar Saiful , Ali A.M Hasan
Published: March 2018

This research proposes a development of Early Warning System (EWS) model towards the financial performance of Islamic bank using financial ratios and macroeconomic indicators. The result of this paper is ready-to-use algorithm for the issue that needs to be solved shortly using machine learning technique which is not widely applied in Islamic banking. The research was conducted in three stages using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique: the selection of variables that significantly affect financial performance, developing an algorithm as a predictor and testing the predictor algorithm using out of sample data. Finally, the research concludes that the proposed model results in 100% accuracy for predicting Islamic bank’s financial conditions for the next two consecutive months.
REVISITING THE CONCEPTS OF MONEY, PROFIT AND INTEREST FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VALUE AND DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY
Authors: Kameel Mydin Meera Ahamed , Mubasheera Hamida
Published: March 2018

This article is a theoretical article that attempts to clarify the inherent meanings of the concepts of profit and interest, i.e. two important concepts in finance, particularly Islamic Finance. These are age-old concepts in economics that still draw confusion among people. Profit comes from trade and interest comes from lending and borrowing activities. While the former is much encouraged in Islam, the latter is strongly forbidden. Nonetheless, in today’s monetary and financial circumstances, the market interest rate is being used as a benchmark for the Islamic profit rate, drawing criticisms from many quarters that both are indeed one and the same. Using the fundamental economic concept of marginal utility, this paper attempts to clarify the fundamental difference in these two concepts and their implications for modern finance, particularly Islamic finance. Indirectly in the process, the paper also clarifies the concepts of money and riba.Keywords: Money, marginal utility, monetary systemJEL Classification: D11, E40, E50, E60
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ZAKAT FUNDING THROUGH DOMPET DHUAFA BEASTUDI ETOS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: Srinovita Yulya , Udiutomo Purwa , Haryadi Pedri
Published: March 2018

The Problems of education and poverty are interrelated. The poor people cannot access higher education and they will remain poor with insufficient education. Therefore, the effort to break the cycles of poverty is to provide opportunities for the poor to obtain higher education Dompet Dhuafa through Beastudi Etos empowers education by providing coaching, mentoring and education financing funding. The population of this research is all of the beneficiaries alumni Beastudi Etos scholarship with a total sample of 190 respondents. The result of the research has shown that Beastudi Etos scholarship program is one of the programs that are quite effective in breaking the cycles of poverty through education and economic improvement. The result also indicates that the program is effective in creating excellent and independent generation. It is shown that 81.58% of respondents have successfully completed their studies (Bachelor, Master and Doctoral degrees), the others are in the process of finishing bachelor degree. 88.95% of the respondents have worked and earn income more than 7,000,000 Rupiah/month, 21.5% have dependents from 1 up to 13 persons. In general, the respondents state that coaching and mentoring which has been given is affected on the character (97.4%), skills (94.2%), socials skill (97.9%), and social generosity (97.9%).Keywords: Beastudi Etos, Poverty, Coaching, Mentoring, Excellent, Independent, Character, Skills, Social skills, Social generosityJEL Classification: I22, I31
OPINION OF THE ZAKAH RECIPIENTS ABOUT THE ROLE OF ZAKAH ON THE HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE RURAL BANGLADESH
Authors: Tarique Kazi Md. , Mahmud Kazi Tanvir , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: March 2018

All economically solvent muslims according to the eligibility yardstick of giving zakah, are oblized to pay zakah. Payment of zakah is to distribute a certain part of once wealth among the poor, as per the Islamic philosophy, so that the poor can graduate from poverty utilizing this zakah fund. The prime objective of this study is to assess the opinion of the zakah recipients about the impact of zakah funds on their living- standard in terms of food security. Logit model is used to assess the opinion of the zakah recipients on their food security status. The study  found no significant impact of zakah fund on the food security of some selected receipents in the rural areas of Bangladesh.Keywords: Zakah, Food Security, BangladeshJEL Classification: A13, B59, C02, D14, M21, P46
FINANCIAL INSTABILITY HYPOTHESIS (FIH) OF MINSKY: CONTEXTUALIZING THE ROLES OF ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL AND SOCIAL FINANCE
Authors: Suharto Ugi
Published: March 2018

The main subject of this paper is to discuss some issues in Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) and relate them with Islamic finance position in enhancing the stability of financial system. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive analysis. It describes a particular concept, namely the financial instability hypothesis and then analyses, applies and compares that concept with other concept, i.e. the Islamic finance concept. It is shown in the paper that Islamic finance, both in its commercial and social aspect, can play its role in stabilizing financial system. The significant contribution of the paper is by bringing together the hypothesis of Minsky with Islamic finance theory and practice. It should be stated here, however, that among the limitations of the paper is that the reference on Minsky’s point of view is mostly based on his brief article entitled “The Financial Instability Hypothesis” without referring to his vast writings on various topics directly or indirectly related to his notion of Financial Instability Hypothesis. Keywords:  Financial stability, Islamic finance, Financial crisis, Deregulation, Riba, GhararJEL Classification: A12, E44, E58, G18, G21
AR-RAHNU AS A SOURCE OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FOR WOMEN MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Nik Azman Nik Hadiyan , Hj. Kassim Salina
Published: March 2018

Muslims in Malaysia had practiced ar-rahnu for fulfilling their financial need, especially for emergency purposes since early 1990s. The pioneer of ar-rahnu in Malaysia is Muassasah Gadaian Islam Terengganu (MGIT) in January 1992, followed by the Kelantan Capitalization Berhad (PKB) in March 1992. Both of these Islamic pawn centres are among the earliest exponents to the Islamic pawn scheme in Malaysia. Ar-rahnu is an increasingly popular financing option among micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia, particularly women micro-entrepreneurs. Women micro-entrepreneurs play a vital role in the Malaysian economy and could be considered as the backbone of the industrial development in Malaysia. This study examines the role of ar-rahnu as a source of financial stability for women micro-entrepreneurs. 600 questionnaires were distributed at three states in Malaysia which are Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah. Then, this study used SPSS and SEM Amos to analyses the data for 600 respondents (women micro-entrepreneurs) in Malaysia. In essence, this study finds that shariah compliancy, locality, service charges, collateral and customer satisfaction has positive and significant impact towards the use of ar-rahnu. The study also found use of ar-rahnu has significant impact towards financial self-sufficiency for women micro-entrepreneurs. Keywords: Women, Micro-entrepreneurs, Self - sufficiency, Financial stabilityJEL Classification: G20, G21
THE BANK LENDING CHANNEL OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION IN A DUAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: H. Ibrahim Mansor
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the impact of monetary policy on bank lending in a dual banking system, i.e. Malaysia. Making use of an unbalanced panel data set of 38 Islamic and conventional banks covering mostly 2001-2014, we find evidence that variations in monetary policy affect lending growth of Islamic banks and, to some extent, conventional banks. The results further reveal that, in conformity with studies using aggregate Islamic financing data, the Islamic financing growth reacts more strongly to monetary policy changes.  Moreover, we find no marked difference between full-fledged Islamic banks and Islamic bank subsidiaries in their responses to monetary policy. While we also document some evidence indicating the significant relations between bank-specific variables and lending growth, the bank-specific variables do not seem to have any role in impacting the potency of the bank lending channel.  Finally, we find that lending growth is directly related to economic growth, suggesting procyclicality of bank lending/financing in Malaysia. These results have important implications for effective implementation of monetary policy and further development of Islamic banks in Malaysia.    Key words:   Bank lending channel, Monetary policy, Dual banking system, Malaysia JEL Classification: E53, G21, C23
BANK RUN AND STABILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kasri Rahmatina A. , Arundina Tika , Indraswari Kenny D. , Prasetyo M. Budi
Published: March 2018

Bank run is an important economic phenomenon which increasingly occurred in in modern banking system and potentially threatened banking stability as it could trigger a banking crisis. However, most studies related to bank run focus on the occurrence of bank run in conventional banking system. Very few of them discuss the bank run phenomenon under Islamic banking system or dual banking system where Islamic banks jointly operating with conventional banks. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the determinants of bank run in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry by employing primary data from 256 customers of Indonesia Islamic banks in 2015 and by utilizing factor analysis and descriptive statistics. In theory, Islamic banks tend to be more resilient towards any macroeconomic or financial shocks as compared to conventional banks due to the nature of its asset-based and risk-sharing arrangement. However, the result exhibits that both psychological and fundamental factors (i.e. macroeconomics and bank fundamentals) strongly influence the behaviors of Islamic banking depositors to withdraw their funds, which might trigger the occurrence of bank runs in the country. Insider information, macroeconomic condition and bank fundamental factors are also shown to have the highest impacts among all variables. Hence, in the context of banking stability, the finding implies that Islamic banks are not completely immune to the impacts of macroeconomic shocks or financial crisis. As a country with a dual banking system, Indonesia had experienced several bank runs since 1990s. Therefore, the findings of the study should provide the policy makers important insight into research based-policy in order to attain financial stability as one of the main economic goals of the country.Keywords: Bank run, Islamic bank, Factor analysis, IndonesiaJEL Classification: C83, G21, G28
APRENDIZAJE A LO LARGO DE LA VIDA: EFECTOS DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN LOS PROGRAMAS UNIVERSITARIOS PARA MAYORES SOBRE LA SALUD.
Authors: Pinazo Hernandis S. , Montoro-Rodríguez J.
Published: March 2018

La asistencia a programas educativos para mayores puede revertir de manera muy positiva en el autoconcepto de la persona mayor, ayudándola a sentirse activa y capaz de mejorar. Son un excelente contexto para mejorar y ampliar la red social y reforzar la integración y participación social. Se obtuvieron datos de una muestra de 428 participantes de un programa universitario para mayores de 55 años. El cuestionario incluía información socio-demográfica y preguntas sobre el impacto de la participación en el programa universitario para mayores de 55 años, sobre su salud, apoyo social familiar, redes sociales y crecimiento personal. Además, se midieron la salud y otras variables psicológicas (satisfacción con la vida, depresión). Los resultados indican que el programa tenía un impacto en muchas facetas de las vidas de sus participantes. Comparando alumnos de segundo curso con los de tercero, los datos confirman que a mayor exposición al programa (esto es, más años cursados), mayor percepción de beneficios.

Palabras clave: educación a lo largo de la vida, salud, participación social, integración social, bienestar, programas universitarios para mayores
ISLAM DAN TRADISI JAWA: Pencarian Motif Dan Makna Dalam Tradisi Selametan Mendirikan Rumah Di Dusun Gentan Ngrupit Jenangan Ponorogo
Authors: Huda Miftahul Huda
Published: March 2018

Abstract:  Encountering between Islam and Javanese culture is fascinating to study. It is proved by cultural unique in Java community, such “selametan” tradition in building the house. Therefore, in this study discover two elements. First, look for the motivation in holding that tradition.  Second, the depth meaning of “selamatan sajen” towards Javanese community. This study conducted qualitative approach and this was case study. This study focused on the relation between Islam Javanese culture. The population was the civilizing of Gentan, Ngrupit, Jenangan, Ponorogo. Observation and interview were used to collect the data. It was found that the existence of selametan sajen is as same as the Islamic assent. It was proved by Prophet Adam a.s and his son also used that tradition in the past. Moreover, the intended meaning of its culture is to pray to Allah. Then the purposes are, first, safeness during the process in building house; second, hopefully neighbors blessing. Selamatan tradition invites their neighborhood and gives them various kinds of food and snacks. Those are called as sajen. In line, selametan tradition such building a house, has contribution in spiritual education. As the reason, its sajen has different depth meaning of each symbol. And it can be seen in Islamic culture. Keywords: Mbah Pujonggo, Singkretis, Nayuh, Kembang Setaman.
Why is SOIL ORGANIC MATTER so important?
Authors: Hatfield Jerry L. , Wacha Ken , Dold Christian
Published: March 2018

Soil organic matter is a small, but critical component of the soil. This article demonstrates the value of enhancing soil organic matter for increasing the functionality of soils. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/550.
Subsurface drip irrigation in Ontario
Authors: van Acker Rene
Published: March 2018

Subsurface drip helps Ontario growers to improve yields and be better prepared to deal with low‐water/drought situations, more rigorous water permitting, and the growing impact of climate change. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/535.
Development of a Nowcasting System Using Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Fecal Contamination Levels at Recreational Beaches in Korea
Authors: Park Yongeun , Kim Minjeong , Pachepsky Yakov , Choi Seoung‐Hwa , Cho Jeong‐Goo , Jeon Junho , Cho Kyung Hwa
Published: March 2018

Microbial contamination in beach water poses a public health threat due to waterborne diseases. To reduce the risk of exposure to fecal contamination, informing beachgoers in advance about the microbial water quality is important. Currently, determining the level of fecal contamination takes 24 h. The objective of this study is to predict the current level of fecal contamination (enterococcus [ENT] and Escherichia coli) using readily available environmental variables. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) models were constructed using data from the Haeundae and Gwangalli Beaches in Busan City. The input variables included the tidal level, air and water temperature, solar radiation, wind direction and velocity, precipitation, discharge from the wastewater treatment plant, and suspended solid concentration in beach water. The dependence of fecal contamination on the input variables was statistically evaluated; precipitation, discharge from the wastewater treatment plant, and wind direction at the two beaches were positively correlated to the changes in the two bacterial concentrations (p < 0.01), whereas solar radiation was negatively correlated (p < 0.01). The performance of the ANN model for predicting ENT and E. coli at Gwangalli Beach was significantly higher than that of the SVR model with the training dataset (p < 0.05). Based on the comparison of residual values between the predicted and observed fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in two models, the ANN demonstrated better performance than SVR. This study suggests an effective prediction method to determine whether a beach is safe for recreational use.

Core Ideas

Enterococcus and E. coli concentrations were predicted using machine learning models.

Nine variables collected from two beach waters were tested as input for the models.

The ANN performed better than SVR for predicting fecal indicator bacteria concentrations.
Variability of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Rivers during Base‐Flow Conditions in New Zealand
Authors: Muirhead Richard W. , Meenken Esther D.
Published: March 2018

Escherichia coli concentrations in rivers are known to vary considerably. Much research has focused on storm events and the relationships between fecal microbe concentrations and flows. However, there is still considerable variability in microbial concentrations during base‐flow conditions, and little research has been conducted to understand this short‐term variability in rivers. We investigated the variability of E. coli concentrations in base flows at the time scales of minutes, hours, and days and compared this to variability from laboratory replication of the measurement methods. This was conducted in three different‐sized rivers in both summer and winter seasons. Estimates of variability were analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The variability at the minute time scale was 17%, compared with the laboratory replication variability of 15%. The CV then increased to approximately 32 and 60% at the hourly and daily time scales, respectively. There is strong evidence that both time scale (p < 0.001) and river (p < 0.001) significantly affect the variation in E. coli concentrations. The E. coli concentrations were higher in summer than winter, with a marked effect in the smallest stream, where at one site the concentrations were >2000 most probable number (mpn) 100 mL−1 in all summer samples. This variability of concentrations should be considered when interpreting the results from a one‐off grab sample used to compare against water quality standards or for calibrating models.

Core Ideas

E. coli concentrations are highly variable during base‐flow conditions.

The error of analytical techniques needs to be considered for interpreting grab sample results.

The variability of E. coli concentrations increases with increasing time scale.
DNA Replication during Seed Germination, Deterioration, and Its Relation to Vigor in Alfalfa and White Clover
Authors: Lv Yanyan , Mo Qing , Powell Alison A. , Wang Yanrong
Published: March 2018

Differences in seed vigor that arise due to seed aging, even in seeds with high levels of germination, can result in differences in field emergence. Current test methods to identify vigor differences in commercial seed lots with high standard germination take several days to complete. DNA replication, measured using flow cytometry as the ratio of 4C/2C DNA, during early germination of unaged and aged seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was examined as a potential rapid and accurate method of assessing seed vigor. The relationship between 4C/2C DNA during germination of 10 commercial seed lots of both species and their field emergence was also determined. Most of the nuclei in dry mature seeds were arrested in the 2C DNA stage, with only a small proportion of 4C DNA nuclei. The proportion of 4C nuclei increased during germination of seeds, although the increase was lower and delayed in aged seeds with slower and lower germination. The 4C/2C ratio after 24‐h imbibition predicted the field emergence of all seed lots, but particularly of the lots with high standard germination (SG) (SG ≥ 75%, alfalfa, R2 = 0.815; SG ≥ 80%, white clover, R2 = 0.771; P < 0.01). Thus, DNA replication marks an advancement of germination in alfalfa and white clover seed, and the 4C/2C DNA ratio after 24‐h imbibition has potential to predict the seed vigor of both species.
Identification of Consensus Regions Associated with Shoot Biomass Production in the Medicago Genome
Authors: Ray I. M. , Monteros M. J. , Julier B. , Sledge M. K. , Brummer E. C.
Published: March 2018

Identification of common genome regions influencing biomass production in multiple Medicago populations can establish focal points for implementing future marker‐assisted breeding approaches to improve alfalfa (M. sativa L.) forage yield and facilitate identification of candidate genes. The goal of this study was to identify consensus regions associated with biomass production and candidate genes within the context of the M. truncatula Gaertn. genome, based on previous reports of 83 biomass‐affiliated markers and 30 quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected among one M. truncatula and four M. sativa biparental and association mapping populations. The genome positions for 68 markers and all 30 biomass QTL were determined. Ten consensus regions associated with Medicago forage yield in two or more populations were identified. The level of resolution for these regions, however, was not sufficient to clearly identify potential causal candidate genes. Consequently, a targeted set of 208 loci influencing Arabidopsis growth and development were surveyed for their positions in the Medicago genome to identify those which colocalized with biomass markers and QTL intervals. Among 233 homologous genes identified, 51 were located within consensus biomass regions. Potential genes affecting Medicago forage yield variation included those affiliated with phytohormone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling; light responsive developmental phase transitions; and microRNA‐mediated regulation of gene expression. These outcomes provide insight into genetic factors that researchers may wish to target for future validation experiments, and for designing marker‐assisted breeding strategies to improve alfalfa productivity.