bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
9-Methyl-2H-chromeno[8,7-d]isoxazol-2-one N-oxide
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Lafazanis Ioannis , Harris Philip
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules derived from nitrogen derivatives of o-hydroxyaryl ketones [1] we synthesised 7-hydroxy-8-acetylcoumarin oxime and we subsequently oxidized it with lead tetraacetate (LTA) as well as with diacetoxy iodobenzene (DIB).[...]
Synthesis, Characterization and Antileucemic Activity of 7-Hydroxy-8-acetylcoumarin Benzoylhydrazone
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Lafazanis Ioannis , Papageorgiou Athanassios , Chrysogelou Eleni , Lialiaris Theodoros , Sinakos Zacharias
Published: April 2009

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules derived from nitrogen derivatives of o-hydroxyaryl ketones [1] we synthesised 7-hydroxy-8-acetylcoumarin benzoylhydrazone.[...]
One-pot Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 1H-Phenanthro[9,10- d][1,2,3]triazole
Authors: Taherpour Avat Arman , Faraji Mehrak
Published: April 2009

In this study, a fast and good yield one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis (45 seconds) of 1H-phenanthro[9,10-d][1,2,3]triazole by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of sodium azide and 9-bromophenanthrene in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in DMSO as solvent is reported.
Trinor-cycloartane Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida
Authors: Lu Lu , Chen Jianchao , Nian Yin , Sun Yun , Qiu Minghua
Published: April 2009

Three new trinor-cycloartane glycosides, 15α-hydroxy-16-dehydroxy-16(24)-en-foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), 28-hydroxy-foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2) and foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1”→3’)-β-D-xylopyranoside (3) together with the known compound foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (4) were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the roots of Cimicifuga foetida. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical reaction data.
Autoinduction of Protein Expression
Authors: Fox Brian G. , Blommel Paul G.
Published: April 2009

This unit contains protocols for the use of lactose‐derived autoinduction in Escherichia coli. The protocols allow for reproducible expression trials to be undertaken with minimal user intervention. A basic protocol covers production of unlabeled proteins for functional studies. Alternate protocols for selenomethionine labeling for X‐ray structural studies, and multi‐well plate growth for screening and optimization are also included. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 56:5.23.1‐5.23.18. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Oxidative Modification of Proteins
Authors: Yan Liang‐Jun
Published: April 2009

Proteins are targets of oxidative modification. This unit describes detailed procedures for the analysis of popular indices of protein oxidation including protein carbonyl formation, loss of protein thiols, and nitrotyrosine and dityrosine formation, as well as isoaspartate formation. Procedures are detailed for the analysis of protein carbonyls labeled with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine, tritiated sodium borohydride, and biotin‐hydrazide, followed by detection measurements that are based on the distinguishing feature of each labeling chemical. Methods are outlined for the determination of protein cysteine oxidation by quantifying the loss of free protein thiols using radiolabeled [14C]‐iodoacetamide. Protocols are described for the measurement of protein dityrosine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, as are the details for the detection of protein nitrotyrosine by a competitive ELISA approach. Finally, methods are described for the quantification of protein‐bound isoaspartate using protein‐L‐isoaspartyl methyltransferase that converts aberrant L‐isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins to normal aspartyl residues. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 56:14.4.1‐14.4.28. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Frontonasal dysplasia, severe neuropsychological delay, and midline central nervous system anomalies: Report of 10 Brazilian male patients
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Richieri‐Costa Antonio
Published: April 2009

Here we report on 10 male patients with frontonasal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, mental retardation, lack of language acquisition, and severe central nervous system involvement. Imaging studies disclosed absence of the corpus callosum, midline cysts, and an abnormally modeled cerebellum. Neuronal heterotopias were present in five patients and parieto‐occipital encephalocele in three patients. We suggest that this pattern found exclusively in males, most likely represents a newly recognized syndrome distilled from the group of disorders subsumed under frontonasal dysplasia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A child with terminal 14q deletion syndrome: Consideration of genotype–phenotype correlations
Authors: Schlade‐Bartusiak Kamilla , Ardinger Holly , Cox Diane W.
Published: April 2009

Patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 14 usually share a number of clinical features. The syndrome is thought not to be associated with multiple congenital anomalies. We report on a patient having a terminal deletion of about 3.2 Mb, with the breakpoint in 14q32.32. Multiple health problems led to his early death. By molecular techniques (array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)), we identified two previously reported patients with deletions in the terminal part of chromosome 14 of almost exactly the same size and compare the phenotypes of all three children. The phenotype of the current patient is much more severe than the phenotypes of the two patients reported previously. The patients also present different sets of dysmorphic features described previously as characteristic for 14q deletion syndrome. Molecular cytogenetic mapping showed that the breakpoints in all three patients were clustered within a 240 kb interval. The possibility of recurrent breakpoint location in terminal 14q deletion syndrome, as well as detailed characterization of the spectrum of phenotypes associated with the syndrome, will require the investigation of multiple patients with similar deletions in 14q. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease
Authors: Elbaz Alexis , Clavel Jacqueline , Rathouz Paul J. , Moisan Frédéric , Galanaud Jean‐Philippe , Delemotte Bernard , Alpérovitch Annick , Tzourio Christophe
Published: April 2009

Objective

We studied the relation between Parkinson disease (PD) and professional exposure to pesticides in a community‐based case‐control study conducted in a population characterized by a high prevalence of exposure. Our objective was to investigate the role of specific pesticide families and to perform dose‐effect analyses.

Methods

PD cases (n = 224) from the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (France) were matched to 557 controls free of PD affiliated with the same health insurance. Pesticide exposure was assessed using a 2‐phase procedure, including a case‐by‐case expert evaluation. Analyses of the relation between PD and professional exposure to pesticides were first performed overall and by broad category (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides). Analyses of 29 pesticide families defined based on a chemical classification were restricted to men. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing values of pesticide families. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, both using a complete‐case and an imputed dataset.

Results

We found a positive association between PD and overall professional pesticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–3.1), with a dose‐effect relation for the number of years of use (p = 0.01). In men, insecticides were associated with PD (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1–4.3), in particular organochlorine insecticides (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2–5.0). These associations were stronger in men with older onset PD than in those with younger onset PD, and were characterized by a dose‐effect relation in the former group.

Interpretation

Our results support an association between PD and professional pesticide exposure, and show that some pesticides (ie, organochlorine insecticides) may be more particularly involved. Ann Neurol 2009;66:494–504
Transcranial ultrasound in clinical sonothrombolysis (TUCSON) trial
Authors: Molina Carlos A. , Barreto Andrew D. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Sierzenski Paul , Malkoff Marc D. , Rubiera Marta , Gonzales Nicole , Mikulik Robert , Pate Greg , Ostrem James , Singleton Walter , Manvelian Garen , Unger Evan C. , Grotta James C. , Schellinger Peter D. , Alexandrov Andrei V.
Published: April 2009

Objective

Microspheres (μS) reach intracranial occlusions and transmit energy momentum from an ultrasound wave to residual flow to promote recanalization. We report a randomized multicenter phase II trial of μS dose escalation with systemic thrombolysis.

Methods

Stroke patients receiving 0.9mg/kg tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with pretreatment proximal intracranial occlusions on transcranial Doppler (TCD) were randomized (2:1 ratio) to μS (MRX‐801) infusion over 90 minutes (Cohort 1, 1.4ml; Cohort 2, 2.8ml) with continuous TCD insonation, whereas controls received tPA and brief TCD assessments. The primary endpoint was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 hours after tPA.

Results

Among 35 patients (Cohort 1 = 12, Cohort 2 = 11, controls = 12) no sICH occurred in Cohort 1 and controls, whereas 3 (27%, 2 fatal) sICHs occurred in Cohort 2 (p = 0.028). Sustained complete recanalization/clinical recovery rates (end of TCD monitoring/3 month) were 67%/75% for Cohort 1, 46%/50% for Cohort 2, and 33%/36% for controls (p = 0.255/0.167). The median time to any recanalization tended to be shorter in Cohort 1 (30 min; interquartile range [IQR], 6) and Cohort 2 (30 min; IQR, 69) compared to controls (60 min; IQR, 5; p = 0.054). Although patients with sICH had similar screening and pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in comparison to the rest, higher SBP levels were documented in sICH+ patients at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 24–36 hours following tPA bolus.

Interpretation

Perflutren lipid μS can be safely combined with systemic tPA and ultrasound at a dose of 1.4ml. Safety concerns in the second dose tier may necessitate extended enrollment and further experiments to determine the mechanisms by which microspheres interact with tissues. In both dose tiers, sonothrombolysis with μS and tPA shows a trend toward higher early recanalization and clinical recovery rates compared to standard intravenous tPA therapy. Ann Neurol 2009;66:28–38
Early‐onset absence epilepsy caused by mutations in the glucose transporter GLUT1
Authors: Suls Arvid , Mullen Saul A. , Weber Yvonne G. , Verhaert Kristien , Ceulemans Berten , Guerrini Renzo , Wuttke Thomas V. , Salvo‐Vargas Alberto , Deprez Liesbet , Claes Lieve R. F. , Jordanova Albena , Berkovic Samuel F. , Lerche Holger , De Jonghe Peter , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: April 2009

Absence epilepsies of childhood are heterogeneous with most cases following complex inheritance. Those cases with onset before 4 years of age represent a poorly studied subset. We screened 34 patients with early‐onset absence epilepsy for mutations in SLC2A1, the gene encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter. Mutations leading to reduced protein function were found in 12% (4/34) of patients. Two mutations arose de novo, and two were familial. These findings suggest GLUT1 deficiency underlies a significant proportion of early‐onset absence epilepsy, which has both genetic counseling and treatment implications because the ketogenic diet is effective in GLUT1 deficiency. Ann Neurol 2009;66:415–419
Complex biopolymeric systems at stalk/epicuticular wax plant interfaces: A near infrared spectroscopy study of the sugarcane example
Authors: Purcell Deborah E. , O'Shea Michael G. , Kokot Serge
Published: April 2009

Naturally occurring macromolecules present at the epicuticular wax/stalk tissue interface of sugarcane were investigated using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Investigations of water, cellulose, and wax‐cellulose interrelationships were possible using NIRS methods, where in the past many different techniques have been required. The sugarcane complex interface was used as an example of typical phenomena found at plant leaf/stalk interfaces. This detailed study showed that sugarcane cultivars exhibit spectral differences in the CHn, water OH, and cellulose OH regions, reflecting the presence of epicuticular wax, epidermis, and ground tissue. Spectrally complex water bands (5276 cm−1 and 7500–6000 cm−1) were investigated via freeze‐drying experiments which revealed sequentially a complex band substructure (7500–6000 cm−1), a developing weak H‐bonding system (∼7301 cm−1), and strong H‐bonding (∼7062 cm−1) assigned to water—cellulose interactions. Principal component analysis techniques clarified complex band trends that developed during the desorption experiment. Bands from wax‐free stalk were minimized in the 4327–4080 cm−1 region (CHn vibrational modes associated with long chain fatty compounds), while bands from the stalk tissue (particularly lignin and moisture) became more pronounced. This work is a comprehensive guide to similar studies by scientists involved in a variety of plant and fiber research fields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 642–651, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Pattern of cavities in globins: The case of human hemoglobin
Authors: Savino Carmelinda , Miele Adriana E. , Draghi Federica , Johnson Kenneth A. , Sciara Giuliano , Brunori Maurizio , Vallone Beatrice
Published: April 2009

Our aim is to shed light on the conservation of potential ligand docking sites that play an important role in ligand dynamics of globins by using the technique of filling internal cavities naturally present in hemoglobin and myoglobin with xenon atoms. In particular, we present the high resolution structures of the Xe‐adduct of deoxygenated wild type human hemoglobin and a quadruple mutant (L(B10)Y and H(E7)Q in α and β chains). For the sake of comparison we also determined under the same experimental conditions the xenon complex of wild type sperm whale myoglobin. The analysis revealed that the number and position of Xe binding cavities are different in the α and β subunits, the latter being more similar to myoglobin. Notably, no proximal Xe docking site was detected in hemoglobin, at variance with myoglobin. The pattern of internal cavities accessibility and affinity for xenon suggests a different role for the dynamics of ligand migration in the two types of hemoglobin chains as compared to myoglobin. The number and position of hydrophobic cavities in hemoglobin are briefly discussed also in comparison with the data available for other members of the globin superfamily. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1097–1107, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Actual innocence: is death different?
Authors: Acker James R.
Published: April 2009

Supreme Court jurisprudence relies heavily on the premise that “death is different” from other criminal sanctions, and that capital cases entail commensurately demanding standards of reliability. Although invoked most frequently with respect to sentencing, both precedent and logic suggest that heightened reliability applies as well to guilt determination in capital trials. Nevertheless, recurrent and highly visible wrongful convictions in capital cases have affected public opinion, contributed to a precipitous decline in new death sentences, and led to calls for reforms designed to guard against the risk of executing innocent persons. This article examines the implications of the “death is different” doctrine for the problem of wrongful convictions in both capital and non‐capital cases. It argues that innovations designed to enhance reliability in the special context of death‐penalty prosecutions are important in their own right, but relevant new safeguards also should extend to criminal cases generally, where innocent people are similarly at risk and wrongful convictions are far more prevalent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative web learning tools: Wikis and blogs
Authors: Rubio Ramoón , Martín Santiago , Morán Samuel
Published: April 2009

Over the last few years an evolution has taken place in the way users communicate through the web. New web technologies and, above all, the new role of the users have led to the appearance of innovative web applications based on collective intelligence or social intelligence. In these applications the users play an active part: for the first time, the users, as part of a community, give their opinions, create, access, edit and participate in the contents. Applications of this type form part of “web 2.0” which can be summed up as a new philosophy or concept of how to use Internet. This article gives an overview of web 2.0 and the potential impact of its use in education. Our research group considers that, in the future, the use of tools of this type will be a fundamental part of communications with students in both b‐learning and in e‐learning. Thus, we have attempted to develop pedagogic support for web 2.0 tools that enables us, from an educational standpoint, to rely on applications of this type. At the same time a survey was made among teachers and students in the University School of Technical Industrial Engineering (EUITI) in Gijón to analyse the current status of their knowledge of these new technologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 502–511, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20218
Right common iliac aneurysm by peripheral computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Gopal Ambarish , Pal Raveen , Budoff Matthew J.
Published: April 2009

This is a 77‐year‐old diabetic woman with history of claudication (Rutherford Category 2). Due to fear of underestimating disease with ankle‐brachial index in a person with diabetes and advancing age, a CT angiogram was performed. The right common iliac artery had aneurysmal disease (3.4 cm) and a thrombus of right internal iliac artery. There was also a 40% stenosis of right external iliac artery and a left subtotal internal iliac stenosis at the origin. Given it's non‐invasive nature and high diagnostic accuracy, CTA is poised to become the noninvasive test of choice in patients with suspected PAD or in patients at risk for obstructive vascular disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial prolapse of a HELEX device associated with early frame fracture and mitral valve perforation
Authors: Qureshi Athar M. , Mumtaz Muhammad A. , Latson Larry A.
Published: April 2009

One or more breaks in the wire frame of the HELEX Septal Occluder (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flaggstaff, Arizona) were identified in 5% of patients in the multicenter pivotal trial leading to FDA approval. Fractures of the perimeter frame have not previously been associated with any apparent deleterious clinical effects. We report a case in which the broken ends of wire at a frame fracture were located in a position that resulted in perforation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. There was significant mitral regurgitation and the device was removed surgically. The possible etiologies and prevention of wire frame fractures are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary venous wedge pressure provides a safe and accurate estimate of pulmonary arterial pressure in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Janssen Dana , Ohmstede David P. , Doyle Thomas P.
Published: April 2009

Objectives:

To compare two methods of pulmonary arterial pressure measurement in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow.

Background:

In children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow, direct assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure requires passage of a catheter across the shunt. This can be technically difficult and dangerous. Use of the pulmonary venous wedge pressure offers an alternative but has not been validated in this patient population.

Methods:

We prospectively studied 18 children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow. Pulmonary venous wedge pressure and directly measured pulmonary arterial pressures were independently assessed by two blinded cardiologists.

Results:

Directly measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary venous wedge pressure are closely correlated (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.01). Agreement between the two measures is improved at lower mean pressures with greater differences at higher pressures. For 20 of 24 ipsilateral measurements, pulmonary venous wedge pressure was ≥ directly measured pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary venous wedge pressure never underestimated pulmonary arterial pressure by more than 3 mm Hg.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary venous wedge pressure provides a safe and accurate means of estimating pulmonary arterial pressure in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow. The slightly lower pressures seen on direct measurement compared with the reverse pulmonary vein may reflect impairment of flow across the shunt by the catheter. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carina modification T stenting, a new bifurcation stenting technique: Clinical and angiographic data from the first 156 consecutive patients
Authors: Al Rashdan Ibrahim , Amin Haitham
Published: April 2009

Objectives:

To describe a new technique, the Carina Modification T stenting (CMT), which will provide an easily reproducible strategy for tackling bifurcation lesions in different patient and anatomic subsets.

Background:

The optimal treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions remains problematic. The question of using one stent in the main vessel (MV) with PTCA of the side‐branch (SB) versus stenting both arms (MV and SB) is debated. More importantly, the technique of choice once a two‐stent approach is chosen is suboptimal because of technical difficulties encountered. This includes lack of osteal side branch coverage, difficulties with access to the side‐branch for a mandatory final balloon kissing, and the presence of thrombogenic layers of crushed stents.

Methods:

We describe here the CMT procedure for bifurcational coronary stenosis, and present the angiographic and clinical outcomes in 156 consecutive patients who underwent bifurcation PCI using CMT in our center.

Results:

Short and medium term results show a 99% procedural success rate with low major adverse coronary events (MACE), including a low rate of clinical restenosis. MACE free survival rate at 48 months follow‐up was 88%.

Conclusions:

The new CMT method of bifurcational PCI demonstrated advantages in terms of technical feasibility, ostial side branch coverage, and favorable patient outcome. Further evaluation with larger studies and long term follow‐up is warranted. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The paclitaxel‐eluting coroflex™ please stent study (PECOPS I): The 3‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Unverdorben Martin , Degenhardt Ralf , Wiemer Marcus , Horstkotte Dieter , Schneider Henrik , Nienaber Christoph , Bocksch Wolfgang , Gross Michael , Boxberger Michael , Vallbracht Christian
Published: April 2009

Background: The evaluation of drug‐eluting devices in humans should include longterm follow‐up owing to risk of late target vessel thrombosis with the possible fatal sequel. Methods and Results: Therefore, the three‐year clinical outcome of the paclitaxeleluting Corofiex® Please stent in patients with de‐novo coronary lesions was evaluated in the single‐arm PECOPS I pilot study. The clinical data of 123/125 (98.4%) of all patients included were available 3.05 ± 0.12 years following stent deployment. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis the incidence of cardiac death was 9/123 (7.3%), of myocardial infarction 4/123 (3.3%), and of in‐segment target lesion revascularization 14/123 (11.4%). Target lesion revascularizations tended (p = 0.30) to occur less frequently (9/96 (16.6%)) in those patients in whom the stent length was longer than the lesion (4.80 ± 2.71 mm) compared to 5/27 (18.5%) in those patients in whom the stent was shorter than the lesion (−3.0 ± 2.43 mm). Stent thromboses occurred in 2/123 (1.6%) patients during the first 6 months, one of which two days after premature discontinuation of clopidogrel. The total 3‐year MACE rate was 22/123 (17.9%). Conclusion: The present study describes the paclitaxel‐eluting Corotlex Please stent as a safe device with good long term performance when deployed in native coronary arteries. The occurrence of late major adverse events and late thromboses in particular seem to be very low. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary revascularization for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease: Evidence, guidelines, and judgment! making clinical decisions in 2009
Authors: Moussa Issam D. , Wong S. Chiu , Feldman Ted
Published: April 2009

The current clinical practice guidelines categorize the use of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for revascularization of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) as a class IA recommendation while it categorize the use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) as a class III recommendation. The evidence underlying these recommendations is weak and out dated. The purpose of this review is to critically reevaluate current state‐of‐the‐art with respect to revascularization of patients with ULMCAD who are acceptable surgical candidates. In doing so we will highlight the divergence between practice guidelines and patient‐centered clinical decision‐making; critically appraise the “evidence” underlying the current practice guidelines; review the emerging data regarding utility of CABG versus PCI in these patients; and finally discuss the elements of a contemporary approach to clinical decision‐making in light of the current state of knowledge. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep‐vein thrombosis in malignancy: How long should patients be treated, and with what?
Authors: Merli Geno J.
Published: April 2009

Cancer patients are at high‐risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the optimal VTE prophylaxis and treatment options for this population are currently unclear. Surgical cancer patients have been shown to benefit from pharmacological VTE prophylaxis, with a number of trials suggesting that prophylaxis duration should extend beyond the traditional 7 day period. Medical (nonsurgical) cancer patients are also at high‐risk of VTE, and evidence‐based guidelines recommend pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized cancer patients who are bedridden. In cancer patients with confirmed VTE, questions remain over the most effective long‐term treatment regimen. Further trials are required to help physicians to make evidence‐based choices for the management of VTE in these patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing changes in employment among women with newly diagnosed breast cancer
Authors: Hassett Michael J. , O'Malley A. James , Keating Nancy L.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

Although studies have demonstrated that women are less likely to work after they are diagnosed with breast cancer, the influence of cancer treatments on employment is less clear. The authors of this report assessed whether chemotherapy or radiation therapy was associated with a disruption in employment during the year after a breast cancer diagnosis.

METHODS:

Using a database of health insurance claims that covered 5.6 million US residents, 3233 women aged ≤63 years were identified who were working full time or part time when they were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1998 and 2002. All changes in employment during the year after a breast cancer diagnosis were identified. Using a Cox proportional hazards model that incorporated time‐varying treatment variables, the authors evaluated the impact of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on the likelihood of experiencing an employment disruption.

RESULTS:

Although most women (93%) continued to work, chemotherapy recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to go on long‐term disability, stop working, or retire (hazards ratio, 1.8; P < .01). Women aged ≥54 years were more likely to experience a change in employment than women aged ≤44 years (P < .01). Radiation therapy did not influence employment (P = .22).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this population of employed, insured women, chemotherapy had a negative impact on employment. This finding may aid treatment decision making and could foster the development of interventions that support a patient's ability to continue working after treatment. It also reinforces the need to assess the impact of treatments, especially new treatments, on patient‐centered outcomes such as employment. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX expression by cancer‐associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakao Masayuki , Ishii Genichiro , Nagai Kanji , Kawase Akikazu , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Kon‐no Hidehiro , Hishida Tomoyuki , Nishimura Mitsuyo , Yoshida Junji , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

Cancer tissue is comprised of cancer cells and several types of stromal cells, including cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX has been used as an endogenous hypoxia marker, and although its expression by cancer cells has been reported to be associated with a poor outcome in a board range of tumors, to the authors' knowledge, the biologic significance of its expression by CAFs remains unclear.

METHODS:

The authors investigated CA IX expression by CAFs and cancer cells immunohistochemically in 158 consecutive resected cases of lung adenocarcinoma.

RESULTS:

CA IX was expressed by CAFs in 39 (24.7%) of the 158 cases and by cancer cells in 40 (25.3%) cases. CA IX expression by CAFs was found to be significantly correlated with conventional prognostic factors, including pathologic tumor classification and lymph node involvement. A univariate analysis and the log‐rank test demonstrated a significant association between CA IX expression by CAFs (P = .006 and P = .0052, respectively) and by cancer cells (P = .020 and P = .0179, respectively) with lower survival rate. A multivariate analysis of these 2 factors indicated a statistically significant association between CA IX expression by CAFs and a lower survival rate (hazards ratio [HR], 1.797; P = .032), but not between expression by cancer cells and lower survival rate (HR, 1.561; P = .102).

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings of the current study indicate that CA IX expression by CAFs was a better predictor of outcome than CA IX expression by cancer cells and provides new insights into the biologic significance of CAFs in the hypoxic microenvironment of the lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
SALL4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors
Authors: Cao Dengfeng , Humphrey Peter A. , Allan Robert W.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

The correct diagnosis of metastatic germ cell tumors is critical, because these tumors can be effectively treated and are even cured with modern therapy. Their histopathologic diagnosis can be challenging without immunohistochemical markers, which currently have limitations. SALL4 is a novel stem cell marker essential to maintain pluripotency and self‐renewal of embryonic stem cells. In the current study, the authors investigated the utility of SALL4 as a potential diagnostic marker for metastatic germ cell tumors.

METHODS:

Ninety metastatic germ cell tumors from testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites were stained with a monoclonal SALL4 antibody. In addition, 170 metastatic nongerm cell malignancies, including 158 carcinomas (6 head and neck, 8 thyroid, 12 lung, 8 breast, 7 hepatocellular, 3 cholangiocarcinomas, 2 ampullary, 10 pancreatic, 18 gastric, 15 esophageal, 10 renal cell, 10 urothelial, 12 prostatic, 18 ovarian, 6 uterine, and 13 colonic) and 12 melanomas, were also stained to test SALL4 specificity.

RESULTS:

All 22 seminomas, 7 dysgerminomas, 22 embryonal carcinomas, and 14 of 15 yolk sac tumors displayed strong and diffuse SALL positivity in >90% of tumor cells (80% of tumor cells were strongly positive in the remaining yolk sac tumor). Five of 7 choriocarcinomas and 9 of 18 teratomas were also variably positive for SALL4. In contrast, only 10 (esophageal, gastric, and colonic adenocarcinomas) of 170 metastatic somatic tumors demonstrated focally weak SALL4 reactivity (<25% tumor cells).

CONCLUSIONS:

SALL4 is a novel sensitive and highly specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, and is particularly useful for detecting metastatic yolk sac tumors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Human papillomaviruses are identified in a subgroup of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas with favorable outcome
Authors: Alos Llucia , Moyano Susana , Nadal Alfons , Alobid Isam , Blanch Jose L. , Ayala Edgar , Lloveras Belén , Quint Wim , Cardesa Antonio , Ordi Jaume
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the sinonasal tract and its clinicopathological implications were evaluated.

METHODS:

All SCCs of the sinonasal tract diagnosed in the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from 1981 to 2006 were retrospectively evaluated (N = 60). Clinical and pathological data were reviewed. HPV infection was determined and typed by amplification of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction using the SPF‐10 primers. p16INK4a expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Overall and progression‐free survival for HPV‐positive and ‐negative patients was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier analysis and by the use of a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:

HPV DNA was detected in tumor tissue of 12 of 60 (20%) patients. HPV16 was identified in 11 tumors and HPV35 in 1. Immunohistochemistry for p16INK4a stained all HPV‐positive and no HPV‐negative tumors (P < .001). No differences were observed in terms of site and histological grade or stage at presentation between HPV‐positive and ‐negative tumors. However, HPV‐positive patients had a significantly better 5‐year progression‐free survival (62%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%‐86% vs 20%; 95% CI, 9%‐34%; P = .0043, log‐rank test) and overall survival (80%; 95% CI, 20%‐96% vs 31%; 95% CI, 15%‐47%; P = .036, log‐rank test) than patients with HPV‐negative tumors. In multivariate analysis, HPV‐positive tumors were associated with improved progression‐free survival (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.98; P = .012).

CONCLUSIONS:

A subgroup of sinonasal SCCs is associated with HPV infection. These tumors have a significantly better prognosis. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Beyond toxicity
Authors: Carpenter William R. , Peppercorn Jeffrey
Published: April 2009

Because the majority of patients will experience long‐term survival after a breast cancer diagnosis, increased attention appropriately has focused on the full spectrum of challenges faced by patients after the initial stages of treatment, including their employment status. Although finding a cure remains the greatest challenge in breast cancer and in many other cancer types, while pursuing that goal it will be important to continue to enhance our knowledge regarding the consequences of therapy that extend beyond toxicity, and even beyond standard measures of quality of life.
Cystic pancreatic endocrine tumors
Authors: Charfi Slim , Marcy Myriam , Bories Erwan , Pesanti Christian , Caillol Fabrice , Giovannini Marc , Viret Fréderic , Robert Delpero Jean , Xerri Luc , Monges Genevieve
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

Cystic pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) are rare neoplasms with a preoperative diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative diagnostic strategy for these tumors and to assess the clinical and pathologic characteristics.

METHODS:

Six cases of cystic PET were retrospectively enrolled. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB) was performed in 4 cases. All cytomorphologic data from conventional smears, ThinPrep preparations, and cell block preparations were reported in detail.

RESULTS:

There were 3 male and 3 female patients with a mean age of 52.3 years. Tumor size ranged from 10 mm to 60 mm (mean, 29.8 mm). EUS‐FNAB contributed to an accurate diagnosis in all cases. Cytologically, loosely cohesive aggregates and single cells were predominant. Cells were small and typically plasmacytoid, with occasional cytoplasmic vacuolization. Nuclei were round or oval, uniform, with finely and evenly distributed chromatin. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the endocrine differentiation. Histologic findings were typical for endocrine proliferation. All tumors were well differentiated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cystic PET is an unusual finding that presents diagnostic challenges for both endoscopists and cytologists. EUS‐FNAB with the Thinprep preparation technique and cell block material were found to be helpful in improving diagnostic accuracy. Immunocytochemical staining with endocrine markers confirmed the diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Slow energy dissipation in anharmonic oscillator chains
Authors: Hairer Martin , Mattingly Jonathan C.
Published: April 2009

We study the dynamic behavior at high energies of a chain of anharmonic oscillators coupled at its ends to heat baths at possibly different temperatures. In our setup, each oscillator is subject to a homogeneous anharmonic pinning potential V1(qi) = |qi|2k/2k and harmonic coupling potentials V2(qi − qi − 1) = (qi − qi − 1)2/2 between itself and its nearest neighbors. We consider the case k > 1 when the pinning potential is stronger than the coupling potential. At high energy, when a large fraction of the energy is located in the bulk of the chain, breathers appear and block the transport of energy through the system, thus slowing its convergence to equilibrium.

In such a regime, we obtain equations for an effective dynamics by averaging out the fast oscillation of the breather. Using this representation and related ideas, we can prove a number of results. When the chain is of length 3 and $k > {3 \over 2}$, we show that there exists a unique invariant measure. If k > 2 we further show that the system does not relax exponentially fast to this equilibrium by demonstrating that 0 is in the essential spectrum of the generator of the dynamics. When the chain has five or more oscillators and $k > {3 \over 2}$, we show that the generator again has 0 in its essential spectrum.

In addition to these rigorous results, a theory is given for the rate of decrease of the energy when it is concentrated in one of the oscillators without dissipation. Numerical simulations are included that confirm the theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Convergence of voices: Assimilation in linguistic therapy of evaluation
Authors: Gabalda Isabel Caro
Published: April 2009

This paper shows the convergence of voices in psychotherapy in the context of the assimilation model. Convergence is the link between patients' voices within the community of voices. The main aim of the paper was to explore (a) how convergence (and divergence) is shown during sessions and the usefulness of convergence for the process of assimilation; (b) if a well‐structured patient is able to track the sociohistorical antecedents of his/her main voices; and (c) if, at the end of the therapy, the self becomes richer and with more resources.

For this aim to be realized, a case study of a patient, María, treated with linguistic therapy of evaluation for 14 sessions, was analysed by using the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). Three main problematic experiences or non‐dominant voices were identified with the APES: inability to do things, dizziness and tiredness. María's main dominant voices were to cure, solve and overcome problems, to be always doing things and to cope.

Results showed a convergence but no divergence of voices as early as session 3. Results also showed how continuity‐benevolence assumptions were broken and that, at the end of therapy, the patient's self became richer due to assimilation through the dialogue between non‐dominant and dominant voices.

Discussion emphasized these results, which are especially representative of a well‐integrated patient who showed a healthy multiplicity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social motivation affects the display of individual discrimination in young and adult japanese quail(Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Schweitzer C. , Poindron P. , Arnould C.
Published: April 2009

A simultaneous two‐choice test was used to investigate discrimination between a familiar (F) and an unfamiliar conspecific (U) in Japanese quail, selected for high (HSR) or low (LSR) social reinstatement behavior (tendency to rejoin and stay close to conspecifics). Animals were 1‐week unsexed and 6‐week‐old male quail. One‐week‐old LSR quail and 6‐week‐old male HSR quail displayed discrimination after 24 hr of pair contact (p < 0.05), and a tendency to discriminate (p < 0.10) was found in adult male LSR quail. After 1 week of pair contact, results were similar in LSR quail chicks, but no discrimination was evidenced in adult quail of either line. Therefore, Japanese quail are able to discriminate between a familiar cagemate and an unfamiliar conspecific after only 24 hr of pair contact. Moreover, this study reveals for the first time in this species that social motivation and age both influence the display of individual discrimination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 311–321, 2009.
Examining maternal influence on OLETF rats' early overweight: Insights from a cross‐fostering study
Authors: Schroeder Mariana , Schechter Michal , Fride Ester , Moran Timothy H. , Weller Aron
Published: April 2009

Obese female Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats display increased nursing time and frequency compared to lean LETO controls, suggesting a maternal contribution to pup preobesity. In previous studies, OLETF pups presented high adiposity, showed greater suckling efficiency, initiative and weight gain from nursing than controls throughout lactation. To further elucidate maternal–infant interactions contributing to pup preobesity, we cross‐fostered pups a day after birth and examined maternal behavior. Nursing frequency decreased in OLETF dams raising LETO pups (OdLp) in the third postnatal week, while LETO dams raising OLETF pups showed no significant changes. Fat % was greater in the milk of OLETF versus LETO dams. OdLp pups showed long‐term body weight (BW) increase, suggesting that maternal environment can induce BW increases even in the absence of a genetic tendency. Additionally, interaction between OLETF dams and pups produces high nursing frequency, exposing the pups to abundant high‐fat milk, thus strengthening their preobese phenotype. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 358–366, 2009.
Maternal care affects the development of maternal behavior in inbred mice
Authors: Shoji Hirotaka , Kato Katsunori
Published: April 2009

The present study investigated the effects of variations in maternal behavior on the development of maternal behavior of female offspring in BALB/c and CBA/Ca inbred mice. In Experiment 1, we conducted fostering within or between the two strains and observed the maternal behaviors of mothers and female offspring for 2 weeks postpartum. Although fostering changed the maternal behavior of mothers in both strains, CBA mothers generally showed greater frequency of nursing posture and pup licking than BALB mothers. BALB female offspring reared by CBA mothers showed more body licking than those reared by BALB mothers, whereas fostering did not affect the maternal behavior of CBA female offspring. In Experiment 2, we examined the maternal behavior of females of F1 hybrids derived from reciprocal crosses between the two strains to confirm the maternal effect demonstrated in Experiment 1. Female F1 hybrids from CBA mothers showed more arched‐back nursing, body licking, and nest building than those from BALB mothers. These results suggested that maternal care affect the development of maternal behavior in inbred mice, though the contributions of genetic and prenatal factors cannot be ignored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 345–357, 2009.
Early independent walking: A longitudinal study of load perturbation effects
Authors: Vereijken Beatrix , Pedersen Arve Vorland , Størksen Jan Harry
Published: April 2009

This study investigated infants' ability to adapt to experimentally induced changes in their body dimensions at walk onset, and how this ability is affected by increased walking experience. Fifteen infants were studied over their first 6 months of independent walking with a load perturbation design. They traversed a walkway with loads symmetrically placed around the shoulders, waist, or ankles, and without loading. At walk onset, infants fell more with shoulder and ankle loads than with waist or no loads. Shoulder loads further resulted in higher walking speed and longer steps, while waist loads resulted in increased walking speed and larger foot rotation. Ankle loads disrupted walking proficiency the most, as indicated by lower walking speed, shorter steps, larger foot rotation, and smaller step‐to‐step angle. Step width was not differentially affected by the conditions. With increased experience, walking proficiency increased across all conditions, but ankle loads lagged behind the other conditions. Loading effects are discussed with respect to walking experience and position of the loads on the body. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 374–383, 2009.
N‐cadherin prodomain cleavage regulates synapse formation in vivo
Authors: Latefi Nazlie S. , Pedraza Liliana , Schohl Anne , Li Ziwei , Ruthazer Edward S.
Published: April 2009

Cadherins are initially synthesized bearing a prodomain that is thought to limit adhesion during early stages of biosynthesis. Functional cadherins lack this prodomain, raising the intriguing possibility that cells may utilize prodomain cleavage as a means to temporally or spatially regulate adhesion after delivery of cadherin to the cell surface. In support of this idea, immunostaining for the prodomain of zebrafish N‐cadherin revealed enriched labeling at neuronal surfaces at the soma and along axonal processes. To determine whether post‐translational cleavage of the prodomain affects synapse formation, we imaged Rohon‐Beard cells in zebrafish embryos expressing GFP‐tagged wild‐type N‐cadherin (NCAD‐GFP) or a GFP‐tagged N‐cadherin mutant expressing an uncleavable prodomain (PRON‐GFP) rendering it nonadhesive. NCAD‐GFP accumulated at synaptic microdomains in a developmentally regulated manner, and its overexpression transiently accelerated synapse formation. PRON‐GFP was much more diffusely distributed along the axon and its overexpression delayed synapse formation. Our results support the notion that N‐cadherin serves to stabilize pre‐ to postsynaptic contacts early in synapse development and suggests that regulated cleavage of the N‐cadherin prodomain may be a mechanism by which the kinetics of synaptogenesis are regulated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Gastric adenocarcinoma mistakenly diagnosed as an eating disorder: Case report
Authors: Siew Leit‐Chin , Huang Chia , Fleming Judith
Published: April 2009

Objective:

A number of organic conditions may mimic the symptoms of an eating disorder, however, gastric outlet obstruction mimicking anorexia nervosa has rarely been reported.

Method:

We report the case of a 51‐year‐old female admitted to an eating disorders unit with an initial diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

Results:

The patient's upper gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss were found to be secondary to gastric outlet obstruction from a gastric adenocarcinoma. Coincidental psychosocial stressors and past psychiatric history, among other factors, had confounded the diagnosis.

Discussion:

Organic causes of weight loss and upper gastrointestinal symptoms need to be fully excluded prior to making the diagnosis of an eating disorder, particularly when there are atypical features in the presentation. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010