bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iDose TR Sustained-release Travoprost Implant for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Ichhpujani Parul ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India, Thakur Sahil ,   Ocular Epidemiology and Data Science Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
Published: June 2023

There are several barriers to patient adherence in glaucoma treatment, such as complex dosing regimens, side effects and difficulties with eyedrop administration. This article discusses these challenges, and how they have led to the development of novel sustained-release platforms for glaucoma medications. These platforms include extraocular and intraocular options, such as wearable ocular surface devices, punctal plug systems, subconjunctival injections and intracameral implants. In particular, we focus on the iDose® TR (Glaukos, San Clemente, CA, USA) sustained-release travoprost titanium implant. It is a particularly promising option, which continuously elutes travoprost at therapeutic levels over an extended period. Phase III trial results have shown its efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure. Notably, the implant typically lasts for around 4–5 years and can be safely exchanged with a new one after it finishes its therapeutic effect. This advancement in glaucoma treatment offers a new alternative to traditional treatment modalities. Real-world trials are needed to shed more light on the efficacy and safety profile of iDose TR.
High-dose Aflibercept with Increased Dosing Intervals as a New Standard of Care for DMO and nAMD
Authors: Adrean Sean ,   Retina Consultants of Orange County, Fullerton, CA, USA
Published: June 2023

The introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors has led to significant improvements for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Landmark trials – such as ANCHOR, MARINA and VIEW for nAMD and RIDE/RISE, VIVID and VISTA for DMO – showed positive results, including clinically meaningful gains in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents now the standard of care for nAMD and DMO. More recent studies, including those investigating high-dose aflibercept in nAMD and DMO, have focused on durability of response by studying increased treatment intervals to reduce the treatment burden on patients and physicians alike. The PULSAR (nAMD) and PHOTON (DMO) trials included high-dose (8 mg) aflibercept at either 12-week or 16-week dosing intervals and showed non-inferior visual gains compared with the standard dose of 2 mg, with ≥83% of patients maintaining their extended dosing interval throughout the 48-week studies. This is certainly an exciting development, and it will be interesting to see how extended treatment durability will impact management paradigms for patients with nAMD and DMO.
Features of clinical and morphological manifestations of pneumonia complicated by exudative pleuritis in senile patients
Authors: Stogova N. A.
Published: June 2023

Globally, pneumonia complicated by exudative pleurisy is often recognised too late and inadequately treated in senile patients.

Purpose. To study the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia complicated by exudative pleurisy in the senile.

Methods. Archived case histories from the period 2006 – 2022 were used to conduct a comparative study of these clinical manifestations and the outcomes of treatment of community-acquired pneumonia complicated by pleurisy was carried out in 33 patients aged 75 – 88 years and 50 patients aged   18 – 34 years.

Results. Acute onset of pneumonia complicated by pleurisy was less common in senile age than in young people (60.6% vs 82.0%; p < 0.05), pneumonia proceeded without an increase in body temperature more often than in young people (24.2% vs 4.0%; p < 0.01), chest pain was less common (60.6% vs 90.0%; p < 0.01), rales in the lungs were heard more often on auscultation (48.5% vs 22.0%; p < 0.05). In the analysis of peripheral blood in senile age, leukocytosis (33.3% vs 66.0%; p < 0.05) and a leftward shift in the leukocyte formula (6.1% vs 24.0%; p < 0.05) occurred less frequently in senile patients. Pneumonia occurred against diseases of cardiovascular system(84.9% vs 8.0%; p < 0.01), gastrointestinal tract (42.4% vs 18.0%; p < 0.05) and urinary system(27.3% vs 4.0%; p < 0.01), and lingered more often in senile people (36.4% vs 10.0%; p < 0.05) than in young ones. In senile age, pneumonia was combined with pericarditis in 6.06% of cases, and in 21.2% it occurred against a background of residual changes after previous respiratory tuberculosis, which was not observed in young age.

Conclusion. Antibacterial therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of sputum microflora to drugs, combined with regular aspiration of pleural exudate, made it possible to cure all senile patients without surgical intervention. The severity of residual pleural changes was similar to that in young people.
El viaje del canciller Choquehuanca al puerto de Arica: expresión de incidente diplomático desde una lectura social-local
Authors: Ovando Cristian , González Miranda Sergio , González Pizarro Sergio
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo profundiza en un incidente diplomático acontecido en la frontera que conecta el norte de Chile y el centro-oeste de Bolivia y que se expresa en el marco de la demanda interpuesta por Bolivia a Chile en el Tribunal de La Haya (2013-2018). Se trata del viaje del excanciller Choquehuanca junto a una comitiva a puertos chilenos en el año 2016. Con el análisis de este evento se busca comprender sus alcances políticos y sociales, sobre todo a escala regional. Se utilizó un análisis documental y de discurso de fuentes de prensa y bibliográficas, haciendo uso, además, de algunos aportes del giro etnográfico de las relaciones internacionales para sostener que los actores locales y paradiplomáticos aprovechan estas coyunturas para reivindicar problemas asociados al esquivo desarrollo fronterizo de las localidades en que se desenvuelven, trayendo como consecuencia ajustes a veces no previstos por el sistema diplomático y una valoración de las prácticas informales de alcance internacional.
Reflexiones sobre la construcción del tráfico de migrantes en Colombia a partir del caso de Urabá
Authors: Echeverri Zuluaga Jonathan , Ordóñez Juan Thomas , Álvarez Posada Jorge Raúl , Henao Bard Nicolás
Published: June 2023

Desde hace aproximadamente dos décadas, Colombia se ha visto expuesta a flujos migratorios de africanos, asiáticos y caribeños (generalmente cubanos y haitianos). Este artículo analiza la manera en que estos flujos son tratados en la prensa nacional digital, la academia y la legislación colombiana. Las construcciones del problema que encontramos en estas esferas muestran una predominancia de la asociación entre esta forma de movilidad humana y el tráfico de migrantes. Sugerimos que esta perspectiva no da cuenta de la diversidad de formas en las que se puede gestionar el viaje y que más bien estigmatiza y criminaliza las relaciones espontáneas o desinteresadas que se puedan crear en el tránsito, negando la capacidad de agencia que tiene la gente en movimiento.
De pandemias, epidemias, endemias y violencia: la mortalidad en Uruapan, Michoacán, México (1909-1923)
Authors: Talavera Ibarra Oziel Ulises
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se mide el impacto demográfico de la influenza de 1918 a partir del análisis de las actas de defunción del Registro Civil en Uruapan, además de la mortalidad causada por epidemias, endemias y la violencia, así como en los años de régimen “normal”. Asimismo, se diferencia el impacto por grupos de edad y sexo. La influenza se manifestó entre los años 1918 y 1920 en diferentes oleadas. El periodo de 1909 a 1923 mostró brotes epidémicos de enfermedades que adquirieron un carácter endémico, como la viruela y el tifo, así como la presencia de otros padecimientos contagiosos como el sarampión y el paludismo. Otro factor de mortandad fue la violencia que se desató a partir del inicio de la revolución mexicana reflejado en el aumento de homicidios.
The Impact of Occupational Stress on Employee Performance in Maldives Tourism Industry
Authors: Mufeed Shifaq
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational stress on employee performance in the Maldives tourism industry. Descriptive research design was adopted for primary data collection. A questionnaire containing 24 items with Likert 5-point scale (1: strongly disagree – 5: strongly agree) was developed as the research instrument to collect quantitative data. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: the first part sought demographic characteristics; the second part sought responses on causes of stress (work overload, inadequate compensation, career concerns and interpersonal conflicts) as independent variables; The dependent variable was employee performance and part three of the questionnaire comprises factors to identify the impact of stress on the dependent variable. A total of 270 respondents were selected from various tourist resorts in the Maldives by employing convenience sampling technique. Regression techniques using SPSS26 were carried out to analyze and evaluate the impact of occupational stress on employee performance. The findings of the study showed that both work overload and inadequate compensation have significant negative impact on employee performance. The other two independent variables, career concerns and interpersonal conflicts found to have no significant impact on employee performance. Hence, it was concluded that increased workload and inadequate compensation escalates level of stress and significantly reduces employee performance. Therefore, it is recommended for managers not to increase employees’ work demands in a way that exceeds the individual’s ability to complete the assigned tasks. It is also imperative for managers to ensure that the employees’ benefit package or compensation reflects the amount of effort they invest on work. This will help to reduce the level of stress and enhance employees’ performance. Since there are limited/no past researches in the context of Maldives tourism industry, future research should be more structured and consider exploring different variables that contribute to stress and are not used in this research. This will help to draw a better understanding of the subject and would also facilitate to obtain an improved analytical result.
Nutritional Status And Quality Of Food In Childeen Under Five Years Of Age In Benin
Authors: Agossou Esse , Akotegnon Rodrigue , Hoteyi Ismael , Sezan Alphonse
Published: June 2023

Background Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The aim of our work is to assess the nutritional status and dietary quality of children under 5 years of age.

Objective This study focused on children seen in the pediatric department of the Saint Martin de Papanè Hospital during the period from April 6 to July 6, 2021. It is a descriptive and analytical survey by questionnaire on 208 children aged 0 to 59 months.

Results The evaluation of the nutritional status of these children under 5 years of age is predominantly male (sex ratio 1.2) and the analysis of the answers to the questions asked of their respective mothers has made it possible to better appreciate the nutritional situation of the children in this study area and to identify the determinants associated with this malnutrition. The study revealed that 74.88% of children are stunted, 90.34% suffer from global acute malnutrition and 79.43% are underweight. Exclusive breastfeeding is very rare, with only 11% of children between the ages of 0 and 6 months receiving only breast milk. The evaluation of dietary diversity reveals that 76.92% of children have a low dietary diversity. In fact, 86% of the children surveyed receive an inadequate complementary diet based on cereals and 67.31% are subjected to the family dish that is poor in nutrients. 59% of the homes in which the children live are more than 5 km from the health centers, 56.73% of the children's mothers have no education and 25% have a low level of education.

Conclusion According to our results, poor weaning practices, diseases, sibling rank and low level of education of mothers are the associated determinants of malnutrition observed in the study population in this area of northeast Benin.
Siete teorías para comprender las reformas a la parte especial del código penal (tipos penales)
Authors: Peñas Felizzola Aura Helena , Molina Galindo Mauricio
Published: June 2023

Este artículo de investigación describe: (i) siete modelos en la teoría social sobre punición, que explican las reformas en el inventario de tipos penales y en la severidad de las penas, y (ii) seis prácticas legislativas a través de las cuales se agravan las penas. Al final, (iii) plantea una serie de variables para observar en una investigación empírica que se publicará posteriormente, y que explica las reformas penales a la parte especial realizadas en Colombia en el periodo de tiempo que va desde 1980 hasta 2022, desde un enfoque empírico.
Violencia simbólica en el barrio: exploración conceptual desde las manifestaciones de violencia simbólica en los barrios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 2009 y 2019
Authors: Dávila Luis Felipe , Rivera Flórez Luis Alejandro
Published: June 2023

El presente texto tiene por intención explorar conceptualmente la categoría de violencia simbólica en el barrio, tomando como referencia las ma­nifestaciones que este concepto ha tenido en la ciudad de Medellín 2009 y 2019. Para lograr esto, se desarrolló un ejercicio de estado del arte orientado desde un macro molde histórico-hermenéutico, en el que se recopilaron cuarenta textos que relacionaron de manera directa la categoría de violencia simbólica con el contex­to barrial. Asimismo, la información fue procesada por el software de análisis cualitativo Atlas TI. Los trabajos revisados versan sobre diversos asuntos, por ejemplo, la presencia de grupos armados al margen de la ley, la construcción de masculinidades, las relaciones afectivas latentes a escala barrial, y las dinámicas propias de la cultura popular, entre otros. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se en­cuentra que el concepto de “violencia simbólica” de Pierre Bourdieu ha sido usado en diferentes contextos y para múltiples asuntos, llevando a convertir el concepto en una especie de comodín académico. En conclusión, fue posible identificar que el concepto en cuestión se ha desligado de su concepción original (al menos para el caso de Medellín y su región más próxima), pero, a su vez, se ha convertido en una herramienta analítica útil para comprender y hacer frente a diferentes tipos de injusticias o vulneraciones sociales.
LİMAN SEÇİM PROBLEMİ İÇİN ENTEGRE BULANIK ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YAKLAŞIMI ÖNERİSİ
Authors: GÖRÇÜN Ömer Faruk , KÜÇÜKÖNDER Hande
Published: June 2023

Liman seçimi denizcilik işletmelerinin yanı sıra, tedarik zincirlerinin performansı açısından son derece önemli kararlardan birisidir. Ancak liman alternatiflerinin değerlendirilebilmesi için her zaman net veri mevcut olmayabilir ve karar vericiler eksik bilgiler ile belirsizlik ortamında karar vermek zorunda kalabilir. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışmada en uygun limanların seçilebilmesi için belirsizlikleri dikkate alabilen bulanık SWARA ve bulanık MARCOS yöntemlerinden oluşan entegre bir karar verme yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Önerilen yaklaşım uygulandıktan sonra 70 farklı senaryo oluşturularak kapsamlı bir doğrulama testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bazı alternatiflerin sıralama skorlarında genel sonucu değiştirmeyen küçük farklılıklar görülmekle birlikte A1 alternatifi bütün senaryolar için en iyi alternatif olarak kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, analizin sonuçları önerilen modelin karar verme problemlerini çözmek için uygulanabilir bir model olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.
YUNAN DENİZ TAŞIMACILIĞINI YÜKSELTEN DİNAMİKLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SAYA Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Yunanistan 'ın coğrafi özelliklerinin ortaya çıkardığı bir takım zorunluluklardan dolayı Yunan halkı denizlere yakın ilgi göstermiş ve halkın bu yakın ilgisi zamanla artarak tarihsel süreç içerisinde önemli bir sektörün inşasına giden yolu açmıştır. Bu özelliklerin yarattığı ilgi, günümüz dünya deniz taşımacılığının en önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Yunan deniz taşımacılığı sektörünün alt yapısını hazırlamıştır. Coğrafi alanı küçük ve az nüfuslu Yunanistan 'ın dünya deniz taşımacılığı alanında önemli bir güce erişmesi ilgiyi hak eden bir konuyu oluşturmaktadır. Bundan dolayı bu çalışma, Yunan deniz taşımacılığının özellikle 18. yüzyıl sonrası dönemden yakın döneme kadar olan serüvenini inceleyerek Türkiye denizcilik camiasında çok tartışılan fakat akademik yazına neredeyse hiç konu edilmeyen dünya deniz taşımacılığı sektöründeki bu önemli aktörü tanıtma amacındadır. Çalışmada tarihsel süreçteki neden-sonuç ilişkilerinin ortaya çıkardığı sacayakları, betimleyici (descriptive) yöntem üzerinden incelenmiştir. Yunanistan 'ın dünya deniz taşımacılığında kazandığı önemli pozisyonun arka planındaki sacayakları sırasıyla ülkenin coğrafik özellikleri, gelenek, iş ağları, stratejik iş yönetimi, tam uluslararasılaşma, devlet desteği, yasal alt yapı ve yatırımların çeşitlendirilmesi olarak ortaya konmaktadır.
Espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano para la determinación de materia orgánica y nitrógeno total del suelo
Authors: Ortega Monsalve Manuela , Cerón-Muñoz Mario Fernando , Medina-Sierra Marisol
Published: June 2023

Los análisis del suelo son fundamentales para la toma de decisiones en agricultura. Estos análisis pueden ser obtenidos por técnicas no destructivas, rápidas y precisas como lo es la espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano NIRS. El objetivo fue generar ecuaciones de predicción de la Materia Orgánica (MO) y Nitrógeno total (N total), mediante el uso de espectros del NIRS. Se procesaron 459 muestras de suelo por química húmeda y por NIRS y se utilizaron diversas transformaciones de datos analizadas por mínimos cuadrados parciales. En la selección se tuvieron en cuenta los valores del coeficiente de determinación (R2), de la raiz del error cuadrático medio de predicción (RMSEP) y la desviación residual predictiva (RPD). El mejor modelo paraMO correspondió al modelo de aobsorbancia sin transformación (R2=0.90, RMSEP=0.29 y RPD=1.3) y para el nitrógeno total el mejor modelo fue la transformación de la 1a derivada de Savitzky-Golay (R2=0.84, RMSEP=0.09 y RPD=2.5). Lo anterior indica que se pueden utilizar los valores de absorbancia de los espectros del NIRS para predecir los valores de MO y N del suelo, utilizando modelos de mínimos cuadrados parciales.
Presencia de Anas Andium, un visitante inesperado en tierras bajas
Authors: Trujillo-Briceño Cristy Alejandra , Suescún Bolívar Luis Parmenio , Reyes-Velasco Jimmy Erney
Published: June 2023

La Laguna del Caney del Municipio de Chinácota, Norte de Santander, Colombia, es un lugar muy visitado por distintas especies de aves, en especial por algunos patos y garzas. Esto se debe a que las aves encuentran alimento, y un lugar de descanso y reproducción. Sin embargo, se desconoce la comunidad de aves que visitan esta laguna, por tal razón, se determinó la diversidad y la estructurara de la comunidad de aves presentes en esta laguna, mediante un muestreo rápido de observación directa. Se obtuvo que la diversidad específica de especies de aves fue de 19, las cuales se agruparon en 9 órdenes y 13 familias. La especie más común fue Dendrocygna autumnalis (38 %), seguido de Jacana jacana (17 %) y Columbina talpacoti (10 %). Además, se obtuvo que la diversidad de Shannon fue de 8,59, y la de Simpson de 5,11. También, se reporta por primera vez la especie de pato Anas andium (3%) en una laguna ubicada en una altitud de 1000 m.s.n.m. en Colombia. Actualmente, se desconocen los factores que podrían estar influyendo en el comportamiento de la especie, de tal forma, este trabajo abre las puertas a nuevas investigaciones de ecología sobre esta especie de ave acuática.
Aspectos comparados da história dos movimentos sindicais docentes universitários da Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia, México e reflexões sobre o seu papel na contrarreforma universitária neoliberal
Authors: Beserra de Paiva Luís Roberto , Bauer Carlos
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: O ensaio aborda de forma comparada alguns aspectos que estão presentes na história dos movimentos sindicais organizados pelos professores universitários argentinos, brasileiros, colombianos e mexicanos.
Originalidade/contribuição: Inexistem estudos acadêmicos que procuram estabelecer um exame crítico e histórico comparado do papel político das entidades sindicais dos professores da Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia e México frente aos percalços impostos pela contra reforma universitária neoliberal.
 
Método: A metodologia que regeu o trabalho está assentada primordialmente em entrevistas qualitativas; revisão bibliográfica; coleta e análise de materiais e informações das próprias entidades e outras fontes que pudessem melhor contribuir para a compreensão do tema estudado.
 
Estratégias/coleta de informações: O instrumento privilegiado para a captação desses relatos foi a aplicação de entrevistas qualitativas semiestruturadas (fonte primária). Ainda a coleta de materiais produzidos pelas próprias entidades, bem como por instituições de ensino, pesquisadores, institutos estatísticos, e demais organizações que pudessem aportar elementos para análise documental, compôs uma fonte (primária e/ou secundária) importante para a construção de contextos históricos e políticos nacionais analisados.
 
Conclusões: Concluímos que um elemento comum na produção do campo educacional é a predominância das análises de caráter nacional, muito associada aos conflitos de abrangência regional.  O desafio imposto à articulação internacional dos movimentos sindicais reflete sobre a produção da área, não obstante as políticas educacionais latino-americanas para o ensino superior se originem de recomendações de organismos que atuam em nível internacional. O capital financeiro e seus agentes já se articulam na esfera global, mas os trabalhadores ainda atuam à escala nacional e a superação do limite nacional, parece, por hora, ser um objetivo ainda distante.
La tutoría en la educación superior. Una aproximación histórica
Authors: Navarrete-Cazales Zaira , Tomé López Jade
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar los eventos históricos, sociales y políticos que dieron lugar a la conformación de la tutoría en el nivel superior, específicamente en México.
Originalidad/aporte: La originalidad de este trabajo radica en el rastreo histórico realizado para encontrar la emergencia y procedencia de la tutoría en la educación superior, utilizando como método la genealogía foucaultiana.
Método: El acopio de información se llevó a cabo mediante un examen de la bibliografía documental con base en un análisis de carácter sociohistórico sobre la tutoría en la educación superior.
Estrategias/recolección de información: Recolección y análisis documental
Conclusiones: Algunas de las conclusiones son: 1) La tutoría vinculada a la educación ha estado presente desde tiempos antiguos. 2) La conceptualización actual de tutoría está enlazada a términos como: guía, ayo, consejero, instructor, institutriz, preceptor, maestro, sacerdote, padre. 3) La tutoría ha pasado por distintas épocas hasta llegar a los tiempos modernos, como un apoyo o guía, en su mayoría de docentes —aunque también de alumnos— que ha servido para complementar el desempeño académico de los tutorados. 4) En México, la tutoría tiene sus orígenes en el siglo XIX, en las escuelas lancasterianas. 5) Si bien a la tutoría se le consideraba antiguamente como una guía moral, ha cambiado para ser considerada en la actualidad como un apoyo integral que, al resolver cuestiones académicas, personales o familiares, e incluso, en ocasiones, económicas, contribuye a mejorar el desempeño académico del estudiante. Es así como la tutoría se ha consolidado en el ámbito educativo.
Adela Speratti: sueño y realización del magisterio en Paraguay
Authors: Alegre Benítez Carolina
Published: June 2023

A finales del siglo XIX América Latina se convirtió en escenario de cambios significativos, muchos de los países del continente sufrieron procesos que repercutieron en la política, la economía, las relaciones sociales y muy especialmente en el ámbito del que quisiéramos ocuparnos en adelante: la educación. En Europa triunfaban a caballo de la revolución industrial y los avances tecnológicos las ideas optimistas del positivismo y el cientificismo, y el imperio del libre mercado inundaba desde el occidente europeo todos los rincones del mundo, en particular las llamadas ex-colonias sudamericanas que no hacía aún medio siglo habían declarado sus independencias.
Primera Escuela Normal para varones en Guatemala (1875-1918 primera etapa). Fundación, autoridades, profesores, crisis y cambios constantes
Authors: López Rivas Oscar Hugo , Hernández Ayala Ana María
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Establecer aspectos históricos relevantes de la fundación, autoridades, profesores, crisis y cambios constantes de la Escuela Normal en Guatemala, que motiven el análisis del desarrollo histórico del normalismo y la carrera docente en el país.

Originalidad/aporte: La sistematización y organización cronológica de hechos acontecidos en Guatemala desde los primeros intentos de fundación de una Escuela Normal en 1831, la fundación en 1875 y su desarrollo en una primera etapa hasta 1918, constituyen un aporte sustantivo a la historia del normalismo en el país. La originalidad de este artículo se evidencia en la presentación, detallada, de datos históricos relevantes y poco conocidos por la sociedad en general  sobre el desarrollo de la Escuela Normal y la carrera docente en Guatemala.. El aporte persigue motivar la discusión informada y documentada, así como el análisis del tema.

Método: La investigación desarrollada para la presentación del presente artículo, empleó como método, la investigación documental, a través de la consulta de fuentes escritas como libros y revistas de la época. También se consideró el estado del arte, lo cual permitió estudiar el conocimiento ya existente y acumulado sobre el tema.

Estrategias/recolección de la información: Para obtener resultados más precisos,  que afianzaran la revisión documental realizada como parte del método de investigación documental, se utilizó  la entrevista como estrategia para la recolección de la información. Esta fue dirigida a actores clave, como el director, egresados de la Escuela Normal para varones y un investigador del normalismo en Guatemala.

Conclusiones: La creación de la Escuela Normal para Varones en Guatemala marcó el inicio del desarrollo cultural y educativo en el país, generó influencia a nivel social, y su desarrollo se vio limitado por el actuar político de los gobiernos en turno. Su fundación, desarrollo, autoridades, profesores, crisis y cambios han marcado la historia del normalismo en Guatemala y la carrera docente; además, la Escuela Normal para Varones ha ofrecido al país profesionales que han hecho historia y que con sus aportes han contribuido al desarrollo social, educativo y académico.
Analysis Of The Sirs Model Of The Spread Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Using Runge-Kutta Method And Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tjioenata Melyssa Mentari , Lukas Samuel , Stefani Dina , Widjaja Petrus
Published: June 2023

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a contagious disease that often occurs in Indonesia. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by the Dengue Virus, has four serotypes : DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Someone can be infected four times, once for each serotype. After recovering from one serotype, a person gets a lifetime of immunity against that serotype. In this paper a model will be created for modeling the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with assumption there are only two serotypes, namely DEN-1 and DEN-2. Model formed based on SIR Model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) and SIRS Model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered, Susceptible). The changes in populations over time are written into a system of differential equations. The system of differential equations is then used to do an equilibrium point analysis. The numerical solution for the system of differential equations can be found using the Runge-Kutta Method. Genetic Algorithm are used to find the values of parameters in the model that are unknown. A series of simulations are performed to get the combination that produces the Genetic Algorithm system that will produce the best approximation solution. The combination includes population size, selection value, crossover value and mutation value. This best combination then will produce an approximation solution with the smallest error.
Analisis Aksesbilitas Fasilitas Kesehatan di Kota Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Authors: Giofandi Eggy Arya , Novalinda Amira , Sekarjati Dhanu , Pratama Muh. Anugrah , Sekarrini Cipta Estri
Published: June 2023

Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu fasilitas terpenting dan membantu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat modern. Kemajuan terbaru di bidang geografi kesehatan telah sangat meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang peran yang dimainkan oleh geografi pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan penduduk. Studi ini menyajikan metodologi dua tahap untuk mengevaluasi lokasi fasilitas kesehatan yang ada di Kota Pekanbaru dan mengestimasi  luasan bangunan yang tidak terjangkau fasilitas kesehatan. Hasil yang diperoleh selama penelitian menghasilkan temuan beberapa fasilitas memiliki berdekatan sehingga hasil pengukuran mengalami tumpang tindih membentuk irisan, sedangkan untuk estimasi lahan terbangun yang tidak terjangkau fasilitas kesehatan 3.259 hektar. Kondisi ini diharapkan dapat dilakukan pengembangan fasilitas kesehatan yang akan berguna pada permukiman dibagian pinggiran kota, hal ini semoga dapat menjadi salah satu kondisi awal untuk menentukan pengembangan lokasi kesehatan di perencanaan selanjutnya.
NEW DATA ON THE PALAEARCTIC XANTHOLININI. 18. INNER SAC OF SOME SPECIES OF GYROHYPNUS AND DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM MOROCCO AND ISRAEL (COLEOPTERA STAPHYLINIDAE) 327° Contribution to the knowledge of Staphylinidae
Authors: BORDONI ARNALDO
Published: June 2023

The inner sac of the aedeagus of some species of Gyrohypnus Leach (G. silvanus (Peyerimoff, 1917); G. punctulatus (Paykull, 1789); G. fracticornis (Müller, 1776); G. angustatus Stephens, 1833, and G. atratus (Heer, 1830)) was examined in squeezed preparation to highlight the structure and facilitate the identification of the taxa. Gyrohypnus maroccanus sp. n. from Morocco and Gyrohypnus palaestinus sp. n. from Israel are described and illustrated. Key Words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholinini, Gyrohypnus, inner sac, new species, Morocco, Israel.
Experience of vascular injuries at a military hospital in Korea
Authors: Kim Doohun , Nam Soyun , Lee Yoon Hyun , Lee Hojun , Kim Hyun Chul
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Vascular injuries require immediate surgical treatment with standard vascular techniques. We aimed to identify pitfalls in vascular surgery for trauma team optimization and to suggest recommendations for trauma and vascular surgeons.Methods: We reviewed 28 victims and analyzed the patterns of injuries, methods of repair, and outcomes.Results: Ten patients had torso injuries, among whom three thoracic aorta injuries were repaired with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, one left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm with embolization, and two inferior vena cava with venorrhaphy, three iliac arteries with patch angioplasty or embolization, and three common femoral arteries with bypass surgery or arterioplasty. Four patients had upper extremity injuries, among whom one brachial artery and vein was repaired with bypass surgery after temporary intravascular shunt perfusion, two radial arteries were repaired with anastomoses, and one ulnar artery was repaired with ligation. One radial artery under tension was occluded. Fourteen patients had lower extremity injuries, among whom one superficial femoral artery and vein was repaired with bypass and concomitant ligation of the deep femoral artery and vein, three superficial femoral arteries were repaired with bypass (two concomitant femoral veins with bypass or anastomosis), one deep femoral artery with embolization, two popliteal arteries with bypass or anastomosis, four infrapopliteal transected arteries, one arteriovenous fistula with ligation, and one pseudoaneurysm with bypass. However, one superficial femoral artery and all femoral veins were occluded. One leg replantation failed.Conclusions: There are potential complications of vascular access during resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta procedures. Vascular repair should be performed without tension or spasm. Preservation of the harvested vein in papaverine solution and blood while using a temporary intravascular shunt is a method of eliminating spasms.
The In Silico Sugarcane Genome-Encoded MicroRNA and Target Network Prediction for Targeting the SCMV
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aleem , Feng Xiaoyan , Ghaffar Hira , Brown Judith K , Shahid Imran , Yu Naitong , Zhang Shuzhen
Published: June 2023

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a deleterious pathogen which causes widespread Sugarcane mosaic disease (SCMD) and is classified in the genus Potyvirus (Potyviridae), disseminated by the aphid vector. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral innate immunity is a key biological process and antiviral defence system to interfere with viral genomes for controlling plant pathogens. The current study aims to analyze sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. and Saccharum spp.) locus-derived microRNAs (sof-miRNAs/ssp-miRNAs) with predicted potential for targeting the SCMV +ssRNA-encoded mRNAs, using ‘five algorithms’ approach. The ultimate goal in this research is to mobilize the in silico endogenous predicted sof-miRNAs/ssp-miRNAs to trigger RNAi catalytic pathway experimentally and generate sugarcane cultivars for evaluating potential antiviral resistance monitoring capability and capacity for SCMV. Experimentally validated mature sugarcane (S. officinarum, 2n = 8X = 80) and (S. spp., 2n = 100-120) sof-miRNAs/ssp-miRNAs (n = 28) were acquired for alignment with the SCMV genome. Of the 28 targeting mature locus-derived sof-miRNAs/ssp-miRNAs investigated, one sugarcane miRNA homolog, sof-miR159c, was concluded to localize potential binding site at genomic nucleotide site 3847 targeting CI ORF of SCMV. In order to validate target prediction accuracy, whether the sugarcane sof-miRNA/ssp-miRNA might bind predicted SCMV mRNA target(s), we created an integrated Circos plot. Genome-wide in-silico-predicted miRNA-mediated target gene regulatory network validated interactions that warrant in vivo analysis. The current work provides valuable evidence and biological material for generating SCMV-resistant sugarcane varieties.
A Model of Triage of Serious Spinal Pathologies and Therapeutic Options Based on a Delphi Study
Authors: Meidinger Philippe , Kéchichian Amélie , Pinsault Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: The relevance of red flags in serious spinal pathology (SSP) evolved throughout the last years. Recently, new considerations have been proposed to expand the consideration of red flags. The purpose of this study was to determine, approve and test a model for the triage and manage-ment process of SSP based on the latest data available in the literature. Materials and Methods: The SSP model was initially built on the basis of a literature re-view. The model was further determined and approved by an expert panel us-ing a Delphi process. Finally, clinical scenario were used to test the applicabil-ity of the model. Results: After three rounds of Delphi process, panellists reached a consensus on a final version of the model. The use of clinical scenari-os by experts bring about reflexive elements both on the determined model and on the evocative SSP of the clinical cases. Conclusions: The validation of the model and its implementation in the clinical field could help assess the skills of first-line practitioners managing spinal painful patients. To this end, the devel-opment of additional clinical scenarios fitting with the determined model should be further considered.
A decision feedback equalization algorithm based on simplified Volterra structure for PAM4 IM-DD optical communication system
Authors: Xie Yao , He Peili , Li Wei , Li Na
Published: June 2023

A novel simplifying Volterra structure algorithm is proposed for intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) optical fiber short distance communication system by using the decision feedback equalization algorithm (DFE). Based on this algorithm, the signal damage for four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal (PAM-4) is compensated, which is caused by device bandwidth limitation and dispersion during transmission. Experiments have been carried out using a 25GHz Electro-absorption Modulated Laser (EML), showing that PAM-4 signals can transmit over 10km in standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The 112Gbps and 128Gbps signals can reach the error rate threshold of KP4-FEC (BER=2*10-4) and HD-FEC (BER=3.8*10-3), respectively. The simplified principle and process of proposed Volterra-based equalization algorithm are presented. Experimental results show that the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced by 75%, which provides an effective theoretical support for the commercial application of this algorithm.
A Low Latency, Low Jitter Retimer Circuit for PCIe 6.0
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Heming , Lyu Fangxu , Zhang Geng , Lyu Dongbin
Published: June 2023

As the PCIe 6.0 specification places higher requirements on signal integrity and transmission la-tency, it becomes especially important to improve signal transmission performance at the physical layer of the transceiver interface. Retimer circuit as a key component of high-speed serial interface, its delay and jitter size directly affect the overall performance of PCIe. For the conventional Retimer circuit with large latency and low jitter performance, this paper proposes a low latency and low jitter Retimer circuit based on CDR+PLL architecture for PCIe 6.0, using a jitter canceling filter circuit to eliminate the frequency difference between the retiming clock and data, reduce the retiming clock jitter, and improve the quality of Retimer output data; The data is sampled using the retiming clock and then output, avoiding the problem of large penetration latency of con-ventional Retimer circuits. The circuit is designed using CMOS 28nm process. Simulation results show that when 112Gbps PAM4 data is input to the Retimer circuit, the Retimer penetration la-tency is 27.3 ps, which is 83.5% lower than the conventional Retimer structure; the output data jitter is 741 fs, a 31.4% reduction compared to the conventional Retimer structure.
Harbor Porpoise Aggregations in the Salish Sea
Authors: Anderson Dave , Shuster Laurie , Elliser Cindy R. , MacIver Katrina , Gless Erin Johns , Krieger Johannes , Hall Anna
Published: June 2023

Harbor porpoise are typically seen in small groups of 1-3 individuals, with aggregations of 20+ individuals treated as rare events. Since the 1990s, the harbor porpoise population in the Salish Sea has seen a significant recovery, which has led to an increased number of observed aggregations that exceed the more usual small group sizes. By combining the observational data of United States and Canadian research organizations, community scientists, and whale watch captains or naturalists, we demonstrate that harbor porpoise aggregations appear to be more common than previously known, with 160 aggregations documented in 2022 alone. Behavioral data also indicated that foraging behaviors were common and social behaviors, like mating, were seen more often during these encounters compared to small groups. Other behaviors that are considered to be rare or unknown, were also observed during these encounters, including cooperative foraging and vessel approach. These aggregations are likely important foraging and social gatherings for harbor porpoises. This holistic approach integrating data from two countries and multiple sources provides an ecosystem level assessment that more effectively reflects the habitat use of harbor porpoise in this region that do not recognize the socio-political boundaries imposed upon the natural world.
Framework for Simulation Study Involving Volatility Estimation: The GARCH Approach
Authors: Samuel Richard T. A. , Chimedza Charles , Sigauke Caston
Published: June 2023

This study rolls out a robust framework relevant for simulation studies through the Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model using the rugarch package. The package is thoroughly investigated, and novel findings are identified for improved and effective simulations. The focus of the study is to provide necessary simulation steps for volatility estimation that involve "background (optional), defining the aim, research questions, method of implementation, and summarised conclusion". The method of implementation is a workflow that includes writing the code, setting the seed, setting the true parameters a priori, data generation process and performance assessment through meta-statistics. This novel, easy-to-understand steps are demonstrated on financial returns using illustrative Monte Carlo simulation with empirical verification. Among the findings, the study shows that regardless of the arrangement of the seed values, the efficiency and consistency of an estimator generally remain the same as the sample size increases. The study also derived a new and flexible true-parameter-recovery measure which can be used by researchers to determine the level of recovery of the true parameter by the MCS estimator. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this study will be broadly applicable in finance, with intuitive appeal in other areas, for volatility estimation.
The Role of Photosynthesis Processes in Dynamics of Plant Community
Authors: Abakumov Aleksandr , Pak Svetlana
Published: June 2023

The dynamics of the main photosynthetic structures is studied by mathematical modeling methods in this article. Chlorophyll portion variability in phytoplankton and the formation of energy-intensive substances in the process of photosynthesis underlie the models. These cellular components are considered in terms of their participation in the growth of specific biomass. Computational experiments are presented that simulate various degrees of environmental friendliness. The corresponding functions are built in accordance with seasonal fluctuations throughout the year in the Far East region of Russia. The stability of model solutions in long-term dynamics is also investigated. The models were tested for biological adequacy and their effectiveness was compared. For the model selected as a result of the comparison, the optimal control problem has been formulated and solved. It is shown that in this way it is possible to reduce the space of the initial components of the model system.
An Intriguing Purview on the Design of Macrocyclic Inhibitors for Unexplored Protein Kinases through Their Binding Site Comparison
Authors: Bhujbal Swapnil P. , Hah Jung-Mi
Published: June 2023

Kinases play an important role in regulating various intracellular signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and other cellular processes and their deregulation causes more than 400 diseases. Consequently, macrocyclization can be considered a noteworthy approach to develop new therapeutic agents for human diseases. Macrocyclization has emerged as an effective drug discovery strategy over the past decade to improve target selectivity and potency of small molecules. Small compounds with linear structures upon macrocyclization can lead to changes in their physicochemical and biological properties by firmly reducing conformational flexibility. A number of distinct protein kinases exhibit similar binding sites. Comparison of protein binding site provides crucial insights for the drug discovery and development. Binding site similarities are helpful to understand polypharmacology, identifying potential off-targets and repurposing of known drugs. In this review, we focused on comparing binding sites of those kinases for which macrocyclic inhibitors are available/studied so far. Furthermore, we calculated the volume of binding site pocket for each targeted kinase and then compared it with the binding site pocket of the kinase for which only acyclic inhibitors were designed till date. Our review and analysis of several explored kinases might be useful to target new protein kinases for macrocyclic drug discovery.
An Evolutionary Analysis of Higher-Order Interaction Collaborative Innovation Networks in China's New Energy Vehicle Industry
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Guo Jinli , Guo Zhaohua
Published: June 2023

As a manifestation of technological innovation achievements, patents reflect the frontier of technological development in the field. This paper constructs a multi-entity patent collaboration network and analyzes its evolution patterns to provide a reference for innovation organizations to grasp the general direction of innovation development and select partners. Based on the data of collaboration patents of two and three organizations in China's new energy vehicles (NEV) industry from 2008 to 2021, this paper constructs higher-order interaction collaboration innovation networks in different periods to analyze the spatial evolution of networks and patent cooperation activities. The results show that the generalized degree distribution of nodes and edges conforms to the power-law distribution. The two-dimensional simplex networks gradually form triangle groups centered on the core nodes, and the importance of key edges is beginning to emerge. Key organizations and partners, including State Grid Corporation of China, Tsinghua University, and China Electric Power Research Institute, will largely determine the direction for the future development of cooperation innovation. The study also reveals that Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangzhou, and Shanghai are in central positions in the cooperative innovation network, based on their cooperation breadth and depth measures. Additionally, key links formed by Beijing as hubs are not only the center of information exchange but also function as bridges that connect to other regions.
A Hybrid Approach for Quantitative Analysis of Fire Hazards in Enclosed Vehicle Spaces on Ro-ro Passenger Ships
Authors: Bao Junzhong , Bian Zhijie , Li Bitong , Li Yan , Gong Yuguang
Published: June 2023

This study probes the probabilistic features of major fire hazards in enclosed spaces to establish their importance to the occurrence of fires onboard ro-ro passenger ships and in turn to raise effective operational countermeasures. Distinct from the previous studies, the present research employs Bayesian Network (BN) analysis to determine the probabilities of fire hazards more effectively. The findings of the research include five critical basic events (BE) identified namely, vehicle engine fire (fuel system fault), vehicle electric fire (electrical equipment defect or short circuit), used car electrical fire, reefer units electrical fire (electrical appliances defects or short circuit), and cargo spontaneous combustion. Additionally, the risk of fire for lithium - ion battery powered vehicles is also highlighted in the process of BN analysis, which prompts the authors to propose preventive measures for mitigating the possibility of fire occurrence on this type of electric vehicles. It is hoped that these measures can be essential justifications for establishing relevant rules regarding carrying LIB vehicles in enclosed spaces on international level.