bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates through Multifunctional Zinc‐Modified ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Ning , Song Qing‐Wen , Liu Ping , Zhang Qian‐Xia , Gao Jun‐Hua , Zhang Kan
Published: December 2017

The production of fine chemicals using CO2 as C1 building block through inexpensive heterogeneous catalysts with high efficiency under low pressure is challenging. Herein we propose for the first time the utilization of a multifunctional heterogeneous zinc‐modified HZSM‐5 (ZnHZSM‐5) catalyst for upgrading CO2 by incorporation into cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. Owing to the nice surface properties such as abundant Lewis acid, Brønsted acid and Lewis base sites, large surface area, and plenty of micropores, CO2 could be concentrated and well activated in ZnHZSM‐5 verified by CO2‐TPD, TG‐MS, etc. Meanwhile, the epoxides were also activated through metal center and hydrogen bond. Therefore, the reaction can easily assemble at the catalyst interface and show exceptional performance, affording the aimed products with high yield of up to 99% in the presence of commercial tetra‐n‐propylammonium bromide (90% in kilogram scale with 0.004 mol% ZnHZSM‐5 and 0.015 mol% nPr4NBr).
GABAA and GABAB receptor subunit localization on neurochemically identified neurons of the human subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Wu Xi Hua , Song Jennifer Junru , Faull Richard Lewis Maxwell , Waldvogel Henry John
Published: December 2017

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a critical excitatory signaling center within the basal ganglia circuitry. The activity of subthalamic neurons is tightly controlled by upstream inhibitory signaling centers in the basal ganglia. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to firstly, visualize and quantify the STN neurochemical organization based on neuronal markers including parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), SMI‐32, and GAD65/67. Secondly, we characterized the detailed regional, cellular and subcellular expression of GABAA (α1, α2, α3, β2/3, and γ2) and GABAB (R1 and R2) receptor subunits within the normal human STN. Overall, we found seven neurochemically distinct populations of principal neurons in the human STN. The three main populations detected were: (a) triple‐labeled PV+/CR+/SMI32+; (b) double‐labeled PV+/CR+; and (c) single‐labeled CR+ neurons. Subthalamic principal neurons were found to express GABAA receptor subunits α1, α3, β2/3, γ2, and GABAB receptor subunits R1 and R2. However, no expression of GABAA receptor α2 subunit was detected. We also found a trend of increasing regional staining intensity for all positive GABAA receptor subunits from the dorsolateral pole to ventromedial extremities. The GAD+ interneurons showed relatively low expression of GABAA receptor subunits. These results provide the morphological basis of GABAergic transmission within the normal human subthalamic nucleus and evidence of GABA innervation through both GABAA and GABAB receptors on subthalamic principal neurons.
Genetic disruption of fractalkine signaling leads to enhanced loss of cochlear afferents following ototoxic or acoustic injury
Authors: Kaur Tejbeer , Ohlemiller Kevin K. , Warchol Mark E.
Published: December 2017

Cochlear hair cells are vulnerable to a variety of insults like acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs. Such injury can also lead to degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), but this occurs over a period of months to years. Neuronal survival is necessary for the proper function of cochlear prosthetics, therefore, it is of great interest to understand the mechanisms that regulate neuronal survival in deaf ears. We have recently demonstrated that selective hair cell ablation is sufficient to attract leukocytes into the spiral ganglion, and that fractalkine signaling plays a role in macrophage recruitment and in the survival of auditory neurons. Fractalkine (CX3CL1), a chemokine that regulates adhesion and migration of leukocytes is expressed by SGNs and signals to leukocytes via its receptor CX3CR1. The present study has extended the previous findings to more clinically relevant conditions of sensorineural hearing loss by examining the role of fractalkine signaling after aminoglycoside ototoxicity or acoustic trauma. Both aminoglycoside treatment and acoustic overstimulation led to the loss of hair cells as well as prolonged increase in the numbers of cochlear leukocytes. Lack of CX3CR1 did not affect macrophage recruitment after injury, but resulted in increased loss of SGNs and enhanced expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β, when compared to mice with intact CX3CR1. These data indicate that the dysregulation of macrophage response caused by the absence of CX3CR1 may contribute to inflammation‐mediated neuronal loss in the deafened ear, suggesting a key role for inflammation in the long‐term survival of target‐deprived afferent neurons.
Quantitative Understanding of QTc Prolongation and Gender as Risk Factors for Torsade de Pointes
Authors: Johannesen Lars , Garnett Christine , Luo Man , Targum Shari , Sørensen Jens Stampe , Mehrotra Nitin
Published: December 2017

Several risk factors for development of a potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia, torsade de pointes, have been observed, including female gender. However, in most investigations, only few torsade events were included and/or rarely were postdose heart rate corrected QT (QTc) measurements included, as a surrogate of drug exposure. We developed a multivariate logistic regression model using data from 22,214 patients (33% women) with 84 torsade events (56% women) to evaluate the relationship between risk factors for torsade using data from four anti‐arrhythmic drug development programs. Before model development, we evaluated different QT/QTc postdose metrics (average, maximum, etc.) to determine which QT metric should be included into the model. The developed multivariate model showed that, after accounting for known risk factors for torsade and postdose QTc, that female gender remained a significant risk factor for torsade.
Enrichment Strategies in Pediatric Drug Development: An Analysis of Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Green Dionna J. , Liu Xiaomei I. , Hua Tianyi , Burnham Janelle M. , Schuck Robert , Pacanowski Michael , Yao Lynne , McCune Susan K. , Burckart Gilbert J. , Zineh Issam
Published: December 2017

Clinical trial enrichment involves prospectively incorporating trial design elements that increase the probability of detecting a treatment effect. The use of enrichment strategies in pediatric drug development has not been systematically assessed. We analyzed the use of enrichment strategies in pediatric trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration from 2012–2016. In all, 112 efficacy studies associated with 76 drug development programs were assessed and their overall success rates were 78% and 75%, respectively. Eighty‐eight trials (76.8%) employed at least one enrichment strategy; of these, 66.3% employed multiple enrichment strategies. The highest trial success rates were achieved when all three enrichment strategies (practical, predictive, and prognostic) were used together within a single trial (87.5%), while the lowest success rate was observed when no enrichment strategy was used (65.4%). The use of enrichment strategies in pediatric trials was found to be associated with trial and program success in our analysis.
Food Effect on Rosuvastatin Disposition and Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: McLean Cheynne C. , Teft Wendy A. , Morse Bridget L. , Gryn Steven E. , Hegele Robert A. , Kim Richard B.
Published: December 2017

Rosuvastatin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hepatic transporter‐mediated accumulation in the liver enhances its efficacy. Current guidelines indicate no preference for fed or fasted rosuvastatin administration. We investigated the association between food intake and rosuvastatin disposition in healthy subjects and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)‐lowering effects among patients taking rosuvastatin. We demonstrate that administration with food resulted in a near 40% reduction of rosuvastatin exposure in healthy Asian (n = 12) and Caucasian (n = 11) subjects. Higher rosuvastatin concentrations in Asian subjects also correlated with higher allele frequency of ABCG2 c.421C>A. In mice, a greater rosuvastatin liver:plasma ratio was noted when administered with food. Among rosuvastatin patients (n = 156), there was no difference in dose needed to reach target LDL‐C, measured LDL‐C, or lathosterol concentrations, when administered in a fed or fasting state. Therefore, taking rosuvastatin with food could reduce systemic concentrations, and subsequent myopathy risk, without compromising LDL‐C‐lowering benefit.
SDN‐based fault‐tolerant on‐demand and in‐advance bandwidth reservation in data center interconnects
Authors: Subedi Tara Nath , Nguyen Kim Khoa , Cheriet Mohamed
Published: December 2017

Geographically distributed data centers are interconnected through provisioned dedicated WAN links, realized by circuit/wavelength–switching that support large‐scale data transfer between data centers. These dedicated WAN links are typically shared by multiple services through on‐demand and in‐advance resource reservations, resulting in varying bandwidth availability in future time periods. Such an inter‐data center network provides a dynamic and virtualized environment when augmented with cloud infrastructure supporting end‐host migration. In such an environment, dynamically provisioned network resources are recognized as extremely useful capabilities for many types of network services. However, the existing approaches to in‐advance reservation services provide limited reservation capabilities, eg, limited connections over links returned by the traceroute over traditional IP‐based networks. Moreover, most existing approaches do not address fault tolerance in the event of node or link failures and do not handle end‐host migrations; thus, they do not provide a reliability guarantee for in‐advance reservation frameworks. In this paper, we propose using multiple paths to increase bandwidth usage in the WAN links between data centers when a single path does not provide the requested bandwidth. Emulation‐based evaluations of the proposed path computation show a higher reservation acceptance rate compared to state‐of‐art reservation frameworks, and such computed paths can be configured with a limited number of static forwarding rules on switches. Our prototype provides the RESTful Web service interface for link‐fail and end‐host migration event management and reroutes paths for all the affected reservations.
Precise localizations of voltage‐gated sodium and potassium channels in neurons
Authors: Misonou Hiroaki
Published: December 2017

Neurons are extremely large and complex cells, and they regulate membrane potentials in multiple subcellular compartments using a variety of ion channels. Voltage‐gated sodium (Nav) and potassium (Kv) channels are crucial in regulating neuronal membrane excitability owing to their diversity in subtypes, biophysical properties, and localizations. In particular, specific localizations of Nav and Kv channels in specific membrane compartments are essential to achieve a precise control of local membrane excitability. Recent advancement in super‐resolution microscopy further substantiated nanoscale localizations of different ion channels in neuronal membranes. New questions arise from these new lines of evidence regarding how Nav and Kv channels are trafficked to a specific location and maintained against lateral diffusion. In this review, the aim is to summarize current information about ion channel localizations at nanoscopic levels and discuss what we can infer regarding the mechanisms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 271–282, 2018
Luminescent Charge‐Neutral Copper(I) Phenanthroline Complexes with Isocyanoborate Ligand
Authors: Chan Kin‐Cheung , Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Lo Larry Tso‐Lun , Yiu Shek‐Man , Ko Chi‐Chiu
Published: December 2017

Copper(I) complexes with thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have attracted considerable attention for the development of emissive materials in organic light‐emitting devices. However, many emissive CuI complexes are cationic emitters and cannot be vacuum‐sublimed, a process used for device fabrication. This has limited their applications in devices. In this work we have developed a series of emissive charge‐neutral CuI complexes with the general formula [Cu(2,9‐Me2phen)(CNR){CNB(C6F5)3}] [R = 2,6‐Me2C6H3, 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 2,4,6‐Cl3C6H2, 2,4,6‐Br3C6H2, 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3, 4‐SF5C6H4] through the incorporation of a strong π‐accepting anionic isocyanoborate ligand. All the complexes have been structurally characterized and their photophysical properties have been studied.
In Situ Formed IIII‐Based Reagent for the Electrophilic ortho‐Chlorination of Phenols and Phenol Ethers: The Use of PIFA‐AlCl3 System
Authors: Nahide Pradip D. , Ramadoss Velayudham , Juárez‐Ornelas Kevin A. , Satkar Yuvraj , Ortiz‐Alvarado Rafel , Cervera‐Villanueva Juan M. J. , Alonso‐Castro Ángel J. , Zapata‐Morales Juan R. , Ramírez‐Morales Marco A. , Ruiz‐Padilla Alan J. , Deveze‐Álvarez Martha A. , Solorio‐Alvarado César R.
Published: December 2017

A new and in situ formed reagent generated by mixing PIFA {bis[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene]} and AlCl3 was introduced in the organic synthesis for the direct and highly regioselective ortho‐chlorination of phenols and phenol ethers. An efficient electrophilic chlorination for these electron‐rich arenes as well as the scope of the reaction are described herein. An easy, practical, and open‐flask reaction allowed us to introduce a chlorine atom, which is a highly important functional group in organic synthesis. The reproducibility of our method has been demonstrated on gram‐scale by carrying out the reaction in 6‐bromo‐2‐naphthol. This halogenation reaction also proceeds in excellent conditions by first preparing the iodine(III)‐based chlorinating reagent. Our new chlorinating reagent can be stored at least for two weeks at 4 °C without losing its reactivity.
Weight Suppression But Not Symptom Improvement Predicts Weight Gain During Inpatient Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Diedrich Alice , Greetfeld Martin , Schlegl Sandra , Schwartz Caroline , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: December 2017

Objective

Fear of gaining weight is a common obstacle to seeking treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI) during inpatient treatment for BN in relation to treatment outcome and weight suppression (WS).

Methods

Female inpatients of a specialized eating disorders clinic were grouped as deteriorated/unchanged, reliably improved, and clinically significantly improved based on Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 scores. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to examine changes in BMI between admission and discharge depending on treatment outcome and WS.

Results

One‐hundred seventy‐nine patients were included. Overall, the average BMI significantly increased by 0.54 kg/m2 (SD = 1.24). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no association of change in BMI with treatment outcome [F(df) = 1.13 (2166), p = 0.327] but with WS [F(df) = 2.76 (3166), p < 0.044].

Discussion

Bulimia nervosa can be successfully treated without causing excessive weight gain. Patients with higher WS might expect somewhat more weight gain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Which way do you lean? Using slope aspect variations to understand Critical Zone processes and feedbacks
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo , Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , McGuire Luke A. , Niu Guo‐Yue , Poulos Michael J. , Rasmussen Craig , Richardson Paul , Swetnam Tyson L. , Tucker Greg E.
Published: December 2017

Soil‐mantled pole‐facing hillslopes on Earth tend to be steeper, wetter, and have more vegetation cover compared with adjacent equator‐facing hillslopes. These and other slope aspect controls are often the consequence of feedbacks among hydrologic, ecologic, pedogenic, and geomorphic processes triggered by spatial variations in mean annual insolation. In this paper we review the state of knowledge on slope aspect controls of Critical Zone (CZ) processes using the latitudinal and elevational dependence of topographic asymmetry as a motivating observation. At relatively low latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to be steeper. At higher latitudes and elevations this pattern reverses. We reproduce this pattern using an empirical model based on parsimonious functions of latitude, an aridity index, mean‐annual temperature, and slope gradient. Using this empirical model and the literature as guides, we present a conceptual model for the slope‐aspect‐driven CZ feedbacks that generate asymmetry in water‐limited and temperature‐limited end‐member cases. In this conceptual model the dominant factor driving slope aspect differences at relatively low latitudes and elevations is the difference in mean‐annual soil moisture. The dominant factor at higher latitudes and elevations is temperature limitation on vegetation growth. In water‐limited cases, we propose that higher mean‐annual soil moisture on pole‐facing hillslopes drives higher soil production rates, higher water storage potential, more vegetation cover, faster dust deposition, and lower erosional efficiency in a positive feedback. At higher latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to have less vegetation cover, greater erosional efficiency, and gentler slopes, thus reversing the pattern of asymmetry found at lower latitudes and elevations. Our conceptual model emphasizes the linkages among short‐ and long‐timescale processes and across CZ sub‐disciplines; it also points to opportunities to further understand how CZ processes interact. We also demonstrate the importance of paleoclimatic conditions and non‐climatic factors in influencing slope aspect variations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonic setting of the Late Triassic magmatism in the Qinling Orogen: New constraints from the interplay between granite emplacement and shear zone deformation in the Shagou area
Authors: Li Yang , Liang Wentian , Zhang Guowei , Jiang Dazhi , Wang Jingli
Published: December 2017

Multidisciplinary studies of the Baliping granite pluton and the Shagou shear zone (East Qinling Orogen, Central China) have been conducted to reconstruct the emplacement and deformation processes of the Baliping pluton, to explore the relationship between granite pluton and shear zone deformation, and further to constrain the tectonic setting of the Late Triassic magmatism in the Qinling Orogen which remains controversial. Zircon U–Pb geochronology studies confirmed that the Baliping granites and the protolithes of the Shagou granitic mylonites crystallized from the same magmas at ca. 221 Ma since the two nearly have the same zircon U–Pb ages and Ti–in–zircon temperatures. Meanwhile, the 210 Ma of metamorphic zircons and the 201 Ma of syntectonic granitic vein provide precise limits on the timing of synkinematic deformation in response to Late Triassic orogeny. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, microstructural observation, and shape preferred orientation were combined to study the internal structures. New fabrics datasets display a high degree of coupling between the Baliping pluton and the Shagou shear zone, indicating a syntectonic emplacement of the pluton. Microstructural data suggest that the magmatic to high‐temperature solid‐state deformation is a continuum process in which the fabrics were mainly acquired. We propose an integrated syntectonic emplacement model of the Baliping pluton, in which the shear zone deformation (sinistral transpression) play a significant role on the emplacement of the magma by creating rooms. Emplacement of the pluton, in turn, triggers the nucleation of Shagou shear zone by providing the protoliths and the heat. On the basis of this study, we argued that the Qinling Orogen was still under the convergent setting during 221–201 Ma.