bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein–2 Combined With Microfracture for Osteochondral Defect of the Talus in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Dang Le Hoang Nam , Tran Nhat Tien , Oh Jong-Sung , Kwon Tae-Young , Lee Kwang-Bok
Published: April 2023

Background:

Osteochondral defects of the talus can be effectively treated using microfracture, which is technically safe, accessible, and affordable. However, fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage comprise the majority of tissue repairs resulting from these procedures. These tissue types lack the mechanical characteristics of native hyaline cartilage and might significantly contribute to the decline in long-term outcomes. Recombinant human-bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) has been shown to promote matrix synthesis and increase cartilage formation, thus enhancing chondrogenesis in vitro.

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the treatment ability of combining rhBMP-2 with microfracture in rabbit talus osteochondral defect.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A full-thickness chondral defect (3 × 3 × 2 mm) was constructed in the center talar dome of 24 New Zealand White male rabbits, which were then divided into 4 groups of 6. Each group received the appropriate treatment: group 1 (control; no treatment of defect), group 2 (microfracture treatment), group 3 (rhBMP-2/hydroxyapatite treatment), and group 4 (microfracture combined with rhBMP-2/hydroxyapatite treatment). Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society macroscopic score, which considers the degree of defect repair, the integration to the border zone, and the macroscopic appearance, was used to assess the repaired tissue’s macroscopic appearance. Subchondral bone regeneration in defects was analyzed using micro–computed tomography, and the histological findings were graded using a modified version of the Wakitani scoring system for osteochondral repair.

Results:

At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, micro-computed tomography analysis revealed that groups 3 and 4 exhibited subchondral bone healing that was more significantly improved compared with groups 1. No sample showed excessive bone growth from the subchondral bone area. According to macroscopic and histological results, group 4 showed higher-quality cartilage and more accelerated cartilage regeneration than the other groups over time.

Conclusion:

These findings show that osteochondral defect repair in a rabbit talus model could be effectively accelerated and improved by combining rhBMP-2 with microfracture.

Clinical Relevance:

Using rhBMP-2 in combination with microfracture may enhance the repair of talar osteochondral lesions.
Factors Associated With Meniscal and Articular Cartilage Injury in the PLUTO Cohort
Authors: Matava Matthew J. , Gibian Joseph T. , Hutchinson Lauren E. , Miller Patricia E. , Milewski Matthew D. , Pennock Andrew T. ,   PLUTO Study Group, Kocher Mininder S.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in adults are frequently accompanied by meniscal and articular cartilage damage. However, little is known regarding the association, if any, between physical maturity, hypermobility, or bone bruising and these associated injuries in skeletally immature patients with ACL tears.

Purpose:

To determine if physical maturity, hypermobility, and/or bone bruising is associated with concomitant meniscal and articular cartilage injury in skeletally immature patients with ACL tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

At 10 institutions in the United States, consecutive skeletally immature patients with complete ACL tears were enrolled between January 2016 and June 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of variables on the likelihood of articular cartilage and meniscal injury.

Results:

A total of 748 patients were analyzed. Of these, 85 patients (11.4%) had articular cartilage injuries. These patients had a higher bone age (13.9 vs 13.1 years; P = .001), a higher Tanner stage ( P = .009), and increased height (162.9 vs 159.9 cm; P = .03) and were heavier (57.8 vs 54.0 kg; P = .02). For each additional Tanner stage, the odds of articular cartilage injury increased approximately 1.6 times ( P < .001). Of the total patients, 423 (56.6%) had meniscal tears. Those with meniscal tears were older (12.6 vs 12.0 years; P < .001), had a higher bone age (13.5 vs 12.8 years; P < .001), had a higher Tanner stage ( P = .002), had increased height (162.2 vs 157.6 cm; P < .001), and were heavier (56.6 vs 51.6 kg; P < .001). For each additional Tanner stage, the odds of a meniscal tear increased approximately 1.3 times ( P < .001). No association was detected between hypermobility or bone bruising and the likelihood of articular cartilage or meniscal injury. Multivariable regression revealed that increasing Tanner stage was associated with an increasing risk of articular cartilage injury, while weight was associated with an increasing risk of meniscal injury.

Conclusion:

Increasing physical maturity is associated with increased risks of concomitant articular cartilage and meniscal injury in skeletally immature patients with ACL tears. Hypermobility and bone bruising are not associated with articular cartilage or meniscal injury, suggesting that physical maturity, rather than ligamentous laxity, is the primary risk factor for associated injuries in skeletally immature patients with an ACL tear.
A Qualitative Inquiry of Associations Between Family Environment and Suicidality for Transgender Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Morrow Quin J. , McGuire Jenifer K.
Published: April 2023

Correlational research finds that transgender youth who have been homeless are more likely to have attempted suicide; however, there is not yet research explaining why this correlation might exist. To understand connections between housing insecurity and suicidality for transgender people the present study analyzed in-depth interviews with 30 transgender young people (ages 15–25) in the United States who had experienced homelessness. Interviews took place in LGBTQ community centers, and were analyzed for inductive themes using Qualitative Content Analysis. In contrast with theories suggesting that homelessness predicts increased suicidality because of the stressors of homelessness, this study found that gender-based parental rejection and other dysfunctional family dynamics interacted to create a hostile environment that contributed to both suicidality and homelessness for trans participants. In fact, suicide attempts occurred most often while participants still lived in disaffirming homes and usually ceased after participants left the unsafe home, suggesting that leaving a disaffirming family home, even if it results in homelessness, may decrease suicidality for some youth. Findings suggest that service providers working with transgender youth experiencing homelessness must consider familial gender disaffirmation, other familial stressors, and lack of access to shelter as equal threats to trans youth’s wellbeing and design interventions accordingly.
Effect of size and morphology of functionalized upconversion nanoparticle labeled probe on stem cell absorption
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zheng Chuping , Liu Jie
Published: April 2023

In order to improve the application of stem cell therapy, it is important to monitor the proliferation and differentiation of transplanted stem cells in real time, high sensitivity and high precision. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been employed as bioimaging agents and delivery vehicles for gene therapeutics in several types of cells. Herein, we fabricated multiple functional upconversion nanoparticles (FUC-NPs) as exogenous contrast agents to investigate the effect of FUC-NPs size on the efficiency of tracking human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). We used TEM, DLS, MTT, etc. systematically detected the effects of nanoparticle dose and exposure time on HUCMSCs cytotoxicity. Our data showed that incubation of FUC-NPs, HUCMSCs are able to maintain their viability and differentiation ability. Interestingly, the small size FUC-NPs examined, S-FUCs, had a much higher uptake capability than the other FUC-NPs (B-FUCs, H-FUCs and R-FUCs).The study will aid in UCNPs for the engineering of stem cell application in the future.
Teaching During War in Ukraine: Service-Learning as a Tool for Facilitating Student Learning and Engagement During Times of Uncertainty and Crisis
Authors: Kenworthy Amy L. , Opatska Sophia
Published: April 2023

As the past 3 years have illustrated, crisis and uncertainty are part of the fabric of our lives. In our roles as management educators, the importance of helping our students develop skills to navigate these challenges has never been greater. In this interview article, we talk with Dean Sophia Opatska, the Founding Dean of the Business School and Vice-Rector for Strategic Development of Ukrainian Catholic University in Lviv, Ukraine. Dean Opatska reflects upon navigating the initial trauma of war by expeditiously redesigning her international business course to incorporate a service-learning project for the first time. She shares about her aim of creating desperately needed stability, focus, contribution, and connection for her students during the early days, weeks, and months of the war in Ukraine. We consider Dean Opatska’s reflections and contextualize them in terms of examples drawn from the extant literature of other faculty who have used service-learning in times of crisis and uncertainty. We offer suggestions for future research and comments regarding the importance of creating connection, facilitating open lines of communication, and remaining flexible when using service-learning during a time of crisis. Finally, we conclude with a call for management educators to move beyond awareness toward a place of preparedness, togetherness, and action.
Primary Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumor of Liver With Lung Metastasis: An Unusual Presentation With Diagnosis Aided by LIN28 Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Sekar Mithraa Devi , Pradeep Immanuel , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Toi Pampa Ch , Govindarajan Krishnakumar , Kayal Smita
Published: April 2023

Yolk sac tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor, which typically occurs in the gonads with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Among extragonadal sites, the liver is an uncommon location for primary pediatric yolk sac tumors. Other common hepatic tumors in this age group presenting with elevated serum AFP like hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma must be differentiated from yolk sac tumors for initiating appropriate treatment and accurate prognostication. Lung metastasis with refractoriness to chemotherapy is an extraordinary presentation that has never been documented in the literature. We report our experience with a 2-year-old female child initially misdiagnosed as hepatoblastoma. It was found that LIN28 positivity by immunohistochemistry aided in confirmation of the histopathological diagnosis of primary yolk sac tumor of the liver.
Science Communication as a Collective Intelligence Endeavor: A Manifesto and Examples for Implementation
Authors: Holford Dawn , Fasce Angelo , Tapper Katy , Demko Miso , Lewandowsky Stephan , Hahn Ulrike , Abels Christoph M. , Al-Rawi Ahmed , Alladin Sameer , Sonia Boender T. , Bruns Hendrik , Fischer Helen , Gilde Christian , Hanel Paul H. P. , Herzog Stefan M. , Kause Astrid , Lehmann Sune , Nurse Matthew S. , Orr Caroline , Pescetelli Niccolò , Petrescu Maria , Sah Sunita , Schmid Philipp , Sirota Miroslav , Wulf Marlene
Published: April 2023

Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue that we need a new program of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be informed by (a) a wider base of aggregated knowledge, (b) contributions from a diverse scientific community, (c) participatory input from stakeholders, and (d) better responsiveness to ongoing changes in the state of knowledge.
Differences in retinal images quality between normal and subclinical keratoconus and its association to posterior corneal asymmetry
Authors: Smadja David , Krauthammer Mark , Wajnsztajn Denise , Abulafia Adi , Zadok David , Lavy Itay
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To compare retinal image quality in subclinical keratoconus and normal eyes using a double-pass aberrometer and to correlate it with posterior surface deformation.

Methods

Sixty normal corneas were compared to 20 subclinical keratoconus (SKC) corneas. Retinal image quality was assessed using a double-pass system in all the eyes. The objective scatter index (OSI) modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio (SR), and Predicted Visual Acuity (PVA) values at 100%, 20%, and 9% were calculated and compared between the groups. Posterior corneal asymmetry was measured using a combined Placido Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer, and correlations were tested with all optical quality parameters.

Results

Significant decrease in optical quality parameters was observed in SKC eyes compared with that in normal eyes. Subclinical KC eyes expressed greater scattering (OSI = 0.66 ± 0.36 vs 0.47 ± 0.26) and reduced contrast images (MTF and SR) than normal eyes, with 38.82 ± 9.4 and 0.22 ± 0.04, and 44.35 ± 7.1 and 0.24 ± 0.04, respectively. The reduction in the image contrast parameters (MTF and SR) was strongly correlated to the level of posterior corneal asymmetry in SKC. The greater the posterior asymmetry, the more affected was the image contrast, with r = −0.63 and −0.59, respectively for MTF and SR.

Conclusion

Retinal image quality was significantly more affected in eyes with subclinical keratoconus than in normal eyes. The reduction in optical quality observed in subclinical keratoconus was strongly associated with the increased asymmetry of the posterior cornea.
Sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography angiography for diagnosis and classification of diabetic retinopathy; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Namvar Ehsan , Ahmadieh Hamid , Maleki Alireza , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2023

Background

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging method that can be used for the staging of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, alterations in OCTA parameters can precede the clinical fundus changes. In this review, we aimed to assess the accuracy of OCTA in diagnosis and staging of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods

Two independent reviewers participated in the literature search using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI, and Scopus) from inception till December 2020. The heterogeneity of data was assessed by Q statistics, Chi-square test and I2index.

Results

Forty-four articles published from 2015 to the end of 2020 were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, 27 were case-control studies, 9 were case series, and 8 were cohort studies. In total, 4284 eyes of 3553 patients were assessed in this study. OCTA could differentiate diabetic retinopathy from diabetes without diabetic retinopathy with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI: 85% to 92%) and specificity of 88% (95% CI: 85% to 91%). In addition, it could differentiate proliferative diabetic retinopathy from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI: 86% to 95%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI:86% to 96%). The sensitivity of OCTA for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy was increased by the size of scan (3 × 3 mm: 85%; 6 × 6 mm: 91%, 12 × 12 mm: 96%).

Conclusion

OCTA, as a non-invasive method, has acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and classification of diabetic retinopathy. A larger scan size is associated with more sensitivity for discriminating diabetic retinopathy.
Snakebite Induced Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Khan Qaisar Ali , Anthony Michelle R , Badshah Aliena , Abdi Parsa , Farkouh Christopher , Hadi Faiza Amatul , Jan Rukhsar , Khan Arooba , Iram Sumaira
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but highly fatal neurological condition mostly caused by prothrombotic conditions like antiphospholipid syndrome, factor V Leiden, and G20210A prothrombin polymorphism. Snake bites are a rare cause of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis that must be recognized and treated promptly to improve survival.

Case presentation:

We present a case of a 25-year-old male who developed headaches and seizures following a Viper snake bite. The diagnosis was made based on a magnetic resonance venogram (MRV) showing transverse sinus thrombosis with sigmoid sinus stenosis. Initially, the patient was treated with antivenom and supportive treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). After the diagnosis of CVST, the patient was treated with rivaroxaban and levetiracetam. The patient improved within 1 week of treatment and was advised to follow up in 3 months.

Conclusion:

A high index of suspicion for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is required if the patient presents with headaches, seizures, or abnormal vision following a snake bite. Early diagnosis and management can prevent further neurological damage.
Brodalumab-Induced Eczematous Reactions in Psoriasis Patients: Management With Switching to Risankizumab
Authors: Alsenaid Adel , Piguet Vincent , Lansang Perla , Miller-Monthrope Yvette , Yeung Jensen , Joseph Marissa
Published: April 2023

Biological treatments targeting IL-17 are highly efficacious with rapid onset of action in psoriasis. Cutaneous adverse events are associated with different biological treatments, including paradoxical psoriasis and eczematous reactions. Brodalumab was previously suggested as an alternative treatment option in psoriasis patients who developed dermatitis or paradoxical psoriasis while on a biologic. Here we report three psoriasis patients who developed brodalumab induced eczematous reaction with complete clearance after switching to risankizumab. Early recognition is crucial for appropriate management. We propose switching patients with psoriasis who develop severe eczematous reaction while on a biologic targeting IL-17 to an IL 23 inhibitor due to efficacy in psoriasis and rarely reported eczematous reaction.
Application of the wave and finite element method to predict the acoustic performance of double-leaf cross-laminated timber panels
Authors: Fenemore Chiaki , Kingan Michael J , Mace Brian R
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a wave and finite element method for predicting the sound transmission loss of double-leaf walls comprising panels of arbitrary complexity separated by a cavity which can contain air or an insulating material. The method is verified against analytical models and validated against a number of different experimental measurements. The method is then used to investigate the effect of various parameters on the sound transmission performance of a double-leaf cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall construction. Parameters investigated include the flow resistivity of the insulating layer separating the wall panels and the effect of panel thickness and orientation. The effect of a neoprene rubber layer in between the CLT panels is also investigated.
Do we need to rethink the determination of exercise-related energy expenditure in cardiac telerehabilitation interventions?
Authors: Kaihara Toshiki , Hansen Dominique , Sankaran Supraja , Scherrenberg Martijn , Falter Maarten , Xu Linqi , Coninx Karin , Dendale Paul
Published: April 2023

The American College of Sports Medicine determined the energy consumption of daily activities and sports. Cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR) requires knowing how much energy people consume in daily life outside of cardiac rehabilitation activities. Therefore, we have investigated if the estimated values are valid in CTR. Data from two studies were incorporated. The first study measured ventilatory threshold (VT)1, VT2, and peak exercise on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) collected from 272 cardiac (risk) patients and compared them to the estimated oxygen consumption (VO2) at low-to-moderate-intense exercise (3–6 metabolic equivalents [METs]). Next, a patient-tailored application was developed to support CTR using these estimated values, and the intervention (the second study) was conducted with 24 coronary artery disease patients using this application during a CTR intervention. In the first study, VO2 at VT1, VT2 and peak exercise corresponded to 3.2 [2.8, 3.8], 4.3 [3.8, 5.3], and 5.4 [4.5, 6.2] METs, which are significantly different from the estimated VO2 at low-to-moderate-intense exercise, especially lower in older, obese, female, and post-myocardial infarction/heart failure patients. These VO2 varied considerably between patients. The telerehabilitation study did not show significant progress in peak VO2, but using the application's estimated target, 97.2% of the patients achieved their weekly target, which is a significant overestimate. The estimated and observed exercise-related energy expenditures by CPET were significantly different, resulting in an overestimation of the exercise done by the patients at home. The results can have a significant impact on the quantification of exercise dose during (tele)rehabilitation programs.
The boundaries of the carceral state: Accounting for the role of military incarceration
Authors: Ben-Natan Smadar
Published: April 2023

This article extends the study of carceral expansion—currently encompassing criminal, civil, and immigration enforcement—by examining the role of military (and, within that, extraterritorial) incarceration. Drawing on the case of military incarceration of civilians in Israel/Palestine, which since 1967 has accounted for between one-third and one-half of the entire prisoner population, it demonstrates the consolidation of a single carceral apparatus that normalizes military detention and incorporates non-citizens detained in extraterritorial locations. Involving both institutional and spatial dimensions, the article illuminates how the boundaries of the carceral state are relatively independent of formal sovereign borders, legal categories, and institutional arrangements, identifying the military as a carceral state agency. The study thus suggests a framework for an integrated study that accounts for the actual scope of the carceral state and its paradoxical modes of exclusionary inclusion.
The association between zero-crossing temperatures and accidents due to icy conditions
Authors: Maclachlan Laura , Betnér Staffan , Lind Tomas , Georgelis Antonis , Lõhmus Mare
Published: April 2023

Aims:

Rising temperatures lead to milder winters in Scandinavia. In certain regions, this could increase the number of winter days that fluctuate around 0°C (zero crossings). It has been frequently suggested that there is a higher risk of icy conditions during such days, which may lead to a predisposition to falls and road traffic accidents. Here, we examine the association between number of days with zero crossings and the number of hospitalisations and outpatient visits due to falls related to ice or snow or transport accidents.

Methods:

We used Poisson regression to examine the association between the number of days with zero crossings and the incidence of inpatient and outpatient visits related to falls due to ice and snow and to transport accidents during 2001–2017 in the Swedish cities of Stockholm, Malmö and Umeå.

Results:

We found a positive and significant association between the number of days of zero crossings and the number of in- and outpatient cases due to falls related to ice and snow. These associations were strongest in Umeå but less obvious in Stockholm and Malmö. In terms of injuries related to transport accidents, we saw a significant association between inpatient cases and number of zero crossings in Stockholm but not in Malmö or Umeå.

Conclusions:

An increased number of zero crossings may increase out- and inpatient visits related to falls due to ice and snow or transport accidents. This effect is more pronounced in the northern city of Umeå than in Malmö, a city in Sweden’s southern-most region.
Social workers as willful subjects
Authors: Sinai-Glazer Hagit , Krumer-Nevo Michal
Published: April 2023

How does social workers' agency come about amid the structural constraints they face in their everyday practice? Based on ethnographic fieldwork at a social services department in Israel, this article offers insights into social workers' agentic performances. Fieldwork lasted four and a half months (March–August 2021) and included daily participation in the department life, multiple interviews with all staff members ( n = 28), and participant observations at various professional meetings. We identified four modes of agency among social workers: challenging bureaucracy and regulations, standing up to colleagues, supervisors, and managers, pushing through austerity, and disrupting professional norms and expectations. We conclude with illustrating social workers as Willful Subjects, recognizing the limitations of social workers' agency while acknowledging its powerful effects and prime importance.
Effect of spark timing on the pre-chamber jet ignition in a lean-burn natural gas engine
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Pengcheng , Zhao Qingwu , Ji Shaobo , Cheng Yong , Yin Wei
Published: April 2023

An enhanced combustion concept, pre-chamber jet ignition can provide high ignition energy and a wide dispersion of ignition sources, thus improving combustion performance and realizing stable lean combustion. However, the ignition performance of the pre-chamber jets depends strongly on the pre-chamber combustion process and is sensitive to many factors. Therefore, this paper will explore the impact of spark timing on the pre-chamber combustion, turbulent jet characteristics, and main chamber combustion performance by CFD simulation based on an active pre-chamber natural gas engine. The in-cylinder flow and combustion processes of the engine are calculated with the fuel-air equivalence ratio of the main chamber maintained at 0.5, and the spark timing varied from 684°CA to 708°CA with a step of 3°CA (compression top dead center is 720°CA). The results show that, in the present engine operating point, the pre-chamber combustion heat release rate is improved when the spark timing is retarded from 696°CA to 705°CA, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet accordingly increases. As the spark timing continues to be delayed until 708°CA, the pre-chamber combustion deteriorates, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet decreases. Under the combustion phase CA50 no more than 725°CA and the combustion duration CA5-90 fixed around 30°CA, the IMEP will maintain a relatively stable value when the spark timing is delayed from 693°CA to 705°CA, in the meantime, the NOx emission decreases with the delay of spark timing. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring engine power performance, it is a feasible scheme to delay spark timing to reduce NOx emission for the natural gas engine with an active pre-chamber.
Evaluation of a Brief Online Sexual Health Program for Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: McCrimmon Jordyn , Widman Laura , Javidi Hannah , Brasileiro Julia , Hurst Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

Adolescents are at increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and experiencing unintended pregnancy. In particular, adolescents from marginalized communities experience significant sexual health disparities compared to their more advantaged peers. Digital sexual health programs, such as HEART ( Health Education and Relationship Training), may be effective in reducing these risks and addressing these disparities. HEART is a web-based intervention focused on the promotion of positive sexual health outcomes, such as sexual decision-making skills, sexual communication skills, sexual health knowledge, and sexual norms and attitudes. The current study evaluates the efficacy of HEART, and examines whether effects were moderated by gender, socioeconomic status (SES), race, English as a second language, and sexual orientation to ensure the program is effective for diverse groups of adolescents. Participants were 457 high school students (Meanage=15.06, 59% girls, 35% White, 78% heterosexual, 54% receive free or reduced-price lunch). Students were randomized to HEART or an attention matched control and assessed at pretest and immediate posttest. HEART was effective in increasing sexual assertiveness, sexual communication intentions, HIV/STI knowledge, condom attitudes, and safer sex self-efficacy compared to the control condition. There were no significant interactions by gender, SES, race, English as a second language, or sexual orientation, suggesting the program worked equally well for all groups of youth. The findings of this study suggest that HEART may be a promising avenue for the promotion of positive sexual health outcomes for diverse groups of youth.
Opioid Misuse and Opioid Overdose Mortality Among the Black Population in the United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kyei Evans F. , Leveille Suzanne
Published: April 2023

Opioid misuse is a growing public health concern in the United States (U.S.). This problem continues to claim many lives and has affected the life expectancy of the U.S. population. In the past few years, the Black population has witnessed an increased rate of overdose deaths compared to their white counterparts. This review seeks to characterize recent trends in opioid prescription practices and overdose deaths among the Black population in the U.S. An integrative review was conducted with a literature search from CINHAL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. The literature search identified 11 articles for the analysis. All studies were quantitative. Six studies focused on overdose mortality and five on opioid prescription practices. The results indicate a rising trend in opioid overdose mortality among Black people due to the availability of synthetic opioids on the illegal drug market. Black people receive fewer opioid prescriptions and experience higher rates of opioid dose reduction compared to Whites. The Black population has experienced an increase in opioid overdose mortality compared to the White population within the last two decades. Opioid overdose deaths among Black people are highly associated with the proliferation of synthetic opioids, and Black men have been more affected than Black women. Black people experience lower rates of opioid prescription during E.R. visits compared to Whites. The issue of low opioid prescribing among Black people needs to be addressed since it affects their health outcomes and is a factor that contributes to the use of illicit synthetic opioids.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of endothelial progenitor cells of HbSS patients with and without proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Bertozzo Victor de Haidar e , da Silva Costa Sueli Matilde , Ito Mirta Tomie , Cruz Pedro Rodrigues Sousa da , Souza Bruno Batista , Rios Vinicius Mandolesi , Viturino Marina Gonçalves Monteiro , Castro Júlia Nicoliello Pereira de , Rodrigues Thiago Adalton Rosa , Lanaro Carolina , Albuquerque Dulcinéia Martins de , Saez Roberta Casagrande , Olalla Saad Sara Teresinha , Ozelo Margareth Castro , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Melo Mônica Barbosa de
Published: April 2023

Among sickle cell anemia (SCA) complications, proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSCR) is one of the most important, being responsible for visual impairment in 10–20% of affected eyes. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) present in pathways that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of PSCR from the transcriptome profile analysis of endothelial progenitor cells. RNA-Seq was used to compare gene expression profile of circulating endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from HbSS patients with and without PSCR. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed to gain further insights into biological functions. The differential expression analysis identified 501 DEGs, when comparing the groups with and without PSCR. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis showed associations of the DEGs in 200 biological processes. Among these, regulation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity, positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and positive regulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) receptor signaling pathway were observed. These pathways are associated with angiogenesis, cell migration, adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation, important processes involved in PSCR pathophysiology. Moreover, our results showed an over-expression of VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor–C) and FLT1 (Fms-Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1) genes, when comparing HbSS patients with and without PSCR. These results may indicate a possible association between VEGFC and FLT1 receptor, which may activate signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK and contribute to the mechanisms implicated in neovascularization. Thus, our findings contain preliminary results that may guide future studies in the field, since the molecular mechanisms of PSCR are still poorly understood.
Physical Supporting Devices as Interventions to Reduce Muscular Load of Surgeons in the Operating Room
Authors: Li Carmen (Jiayang) , Zhang Yao , Li Yuandong , Zheng Bin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Heavy muscle load during operations, caused by static and awkward postures, contributes to the discomfort of surgeons, and imperils surgical quality. We reviewed the supporting devices available to assist surgeons in the operating room and anticipated that physical support devices would help reduce occupational injuries among surgeons and improve surgical performance.

Methods

A systematic literature review was completed. Papers on supporting devices for intraoperative stress reduction were included. Supported body parts and the impact of these devices on the surgeons’ performance were extracted from the 21 selected papers.

Results

Among the 21 devices introduced, eleven targeted on the upper extremities, 5 targeted on the lower extremities, and 5 were ergonomic chairs. Nine devices were tested in the operating room, 10 in a lab setting with simulated tasks, and 2 were still in development. The data from 7 studies did not show a significant improvement in stress reduction or surgical quality. With 2 devices still in the development phase, the remaining 12 papers showed promising results.

Discussion

Although some of the devices were still in testing, most of the research teams believed that physical supporting devices can be useful in reducing muscle load, relieving discomfort, and improving surgical performance intraoperatively.
UK–EU law enforcement cooperation post-Brexit: A UK law enforcement practitioner perspective
Authors: Shellaker Matthew , Tong Stephen , Swallow Paul
Published: April 2023

Law enforcement cooperation between the United Kingdom and the European Union has experienced substantial change. The practice and impact of police cooperation are aligned with various formal and informal arrangements previously based on a European framework, policy, legislation and process. Following Brexit, the United Kingdom became detached from some of these arrangements. Opposing sides of the Brexit debate argued that the implications of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union would result in outcomes ranging from improved police cooperation to fundamental damage to law enforcement combating cross-border and organised crime. While it is acknowledged that more change will occur in the policy and legislative framework that governs police cooperation between the United Kingdom and the European Union, this article explores the current situation from the perspective of interview accounts from police practitioners (n = 14) and academics (n = 3) working in the field. This article applied ‘nodes of governance’ to police cooperation between the United Kingdom and European Union. This article demonstrates a range of issues that have impeded the ability of the United Kingdom to work with its former partners. At the same time, good police relations remain, and informal police cooperation continues.
Similarities and differences between the cough suppression test and the cough challenge test
Authors: Zhao Kun , Bai Xiao , Wen Siwan , Wang Shengyuan , Xu Xianghuai , Yu Li
Published: April 2023

In recent years, a new test method namely the cough suppression test has been proposed to measure cough suppression in patients with chronic cough. The cough suppression test is a modified test based on capsaicin tussive challenge. There are similarities and differences between it and the more established cough challenge test in detection method, purpose and clinical significance. In this article, we will introduce and compare the concepts, application and methodology of the cough suppression test and the cough challenge test, summarize this research progress and problems of the two methods, and predict the possible role of both in the further study of chronic cough.
Modelo sinérgico de salud: una integración de la salutogénesis y el modelo de activos para la salud
Authors: Pérez-Wilson Patricia , Marcos-Marcos Jorge , Morgan Antony , Eriksson Monica , Lindström Bengt , Alvarez-Dardet Carlos
Published: April 2023

Se propone un “modelo sinérgico” para avanzar en la integración de elementos clave de la salutogénesis y el modelo de activos para la salud, utilizando como marco para esta articulación la teoría bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. El sentido de coherencia es clave para facilitar la transformación de recursos potenciales en activos disponibles, produciendo un desarrollo positivo de la salud. El modelo sinérgico puede aportar a la contextualización de las ideas en políticas y prácticas de salud pública, fortaleciendo la dimensión salud-bienestar y contribuyendo al desarrollo de modelos de salud más integrados y colectivos.
The problem of stagflation: How should the European Central Bank respond to the increase in inflation?
Authors: Andersson Fredrik N. G.
Published: April 2023

Inflation began to increase rapidly all around the world towards the end of 2021, and it remained elevated throughout 2022. Higher energy prices contributed significantly to the increase in inflation. However, core inflation, excluding the direct contribution of energy prices, was also significantly above the European Central Bank’s inflation target, which was partially due to the highly expansionary monetary policy implemented during the pandemic. Drawing on historical evidence, this article discusses how the European Central Bank should respond to the increase in inflation. Higher interest rates are necessary to counteract the Bank’s previous expansionary policy. However, when the economy faces significant headwinds, a monetary policy that is too tight may cause a severe recession. Lessons from earlier periods of inflation suggest that, from a long-term perspective, contractionary monetary policy is preferable despite the short-term pain. To limit the negative consequences, this contractionary policy should be coupled with supply-side reforms aimed at stimulating economic growth and increasing the resilience of the European economy.
The EU and the new energy reality: Lessons learned from the vortices of 2022
Authors: Jirušek Martin
Published: April 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and manipulation of the gas flow have revealed Russian leader Vladimir Putin’s malicious intentions and the EU’s weaknesses in the energy sector and related policies. As time has gone by and the initial shock has faded, it has become obvious that the EU’s policies need reform. Both the workings of the internal energy market and the fundaments of current energy policy have shown themselves to be unfit for the increased geopolitical tensions that the EU is facing. This article takes stock of what led to the crisis, assesses these policy flaws, and suggests possible solutions for the functioning of the internal energy market and policymaking.
Sinus Tarsi Versus Extended Lateral Approach for Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Single Surgeon’s Experience
Authors: Lim Philip K. , Miller Adam J. , Haghverdian Justin , Meremikwu Ramzy , Shaath M. Kareem , Munz John W.
Published: April 2023

Background

The aim of the study is to investigate the differences between the extensile lateral (EL) and sinus tarsi (ST) approaches for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures as treated by a single surgeon.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study performed at a Level 1 trauma center. One hundred twenty-nine consecutive intra-articular calcaneus fractures from 2011 to 2018 that were surgically treated by a single surgeon. Primary outcomes were time to surgery, operative time, postoperative restoration of the critical angle of Gissane, postoperative wound complications, and need for unplanned re-operation.

Results

Patient characteristics, including demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture patterns were similar between the EL and ST approach groups. There was a significant decrease in unplanned secondary procedures (P = .008), shorter time to definitive fixation (P = .00001), and shorter average operative time in the ST group (P = .00001). Postoperative measurement of the critical angle of Gissane between the two groups was significantly different, but minute with an average difference of approximately 3 degrees (P = .025). Measurements in both groups were within the expected range of normal.

Conclusions

For displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures, a limited open ST approach is associated with a significant reduction in the time to definitive fixation and decreased operative time. The EL approach was associated with a small, but significant improvement in the restoration of the critical angle of Gissane compared with the ST approach. Therefore, an ST approach may allow for earlier surgical intervention and result in equivalent quality of reduction compared with an EL approach.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Hysteroscopic management of molar pregnancy: A series of 36 cases
Authors: de Codt Matthieu , Jadoul Pascale , Luyckx Mathieu , Squifflet Jean-Luc , Dolmans Marie-Madeleine , Maillard Charlotte , Baurain Jean-François , Marbaix Etienne , Gerday Amandine
Published: April 2023

Background: Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease. Dilatation and curettage is the classical treatment of this affection. Hysteroscopic resection (HsR) is an alternative for the treatment of intra-uterine pathology.

Objective: To describe the feasibility of HsR for the management of HM.

Result: Case series of patients who had a complete or partial HM confirmed by histological examination of the trophoblastic tissue resected by operative hysteroscopy between 2007 and 2019. After approval of our ethics committee, we evaluated 36 patients who underwent hysteroscopic resection for molar pregnancy. Histological analysis showed partial HM in 28 patients (77.8%) and complete HM in 8 (22.2%). Main surgical complications were uterine perforation in one patient and glycine resorption in 10 patients with two cases of hyponatremia corrected by standard treatment. We performed an ultrasound control 1 month after the intervention in 19 patients (52.8%) as they had slow decrease of HCG or bleeding complaints and found retained product of conception (RPOC) in six patients (16.7%).

Conclusion: This first report on a small number of patients demonstrate that hysteroscopic resection is a feasible procedure for the management of molar pregnancy. Direct visualization of the procedure helps the surgeon to control the resection. Further studies are mandatory to compare this technique with D&C in term of RPOC and fertility outcomes as it remains the standard treatment.
The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights into the master regulators of disease pathogenesis
Authors: Afrashteh Nour Mina , Ghorbaninezhad Farid , Asadzadeh Zahra , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Hassanian Hamidreza , Leone Patrizia , Jafarlou Mahdi , Alizadeh Nazila , Racanelli Vito , Baradaran Behzad
Published: April 2023

Auto-immune diseases are a form of chronic disorders in which the immune system destroys the body’s cells due to a loss of tolerance to self-antigens. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), identified by the production of autoantibodies in different body parts, is one of the most well-known examples of these diseases. Although the etiology of SLE is unclear, the disease’s progression may be affected by genetic and environmental factors. As studies in twins provide adequate evidence for genetic involvement in the SLE, other phenomena such as metallization, histone modifications, and alterations in the expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) also indicate the involvement of epigenetic factors in this disease. Among all the epigenetic alterations, ncRNAs appear to have the most crucial contribution to the pathogenesis of SLE. The ncRNAs’ length and size are divided into three main classes: micro RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulations in these ncRNAs contributed to the pathogenesis of SLE. Hence, clarifying the function of these groups of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of SLE provides a deeper understanding of the disease. It also opens up new opportunities to develop targeted therapies for this disease.
Bimekizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Li Sheng , Bai Juan , Cai Xiaoxuan , Tang Shunli , Lin Peiyi , Sun Qingmiao , Qiao Jianjun , Fang Hong
Published: April 2023

Background:

Bimekizumab is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively inhibits both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, and is a promising drug for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in treating patients with psoriasis and to determine the optimal maintenance dosing schedules of bimekizumab.

Methods and design:

Eligible trials were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese medical databases. Only double-blind, randomized, active comparator, or placebo-controlled trials of bimekizumab treatment on patients with psoriasis were included in this study.

Results:

Five studies were identified, which included 2473 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The results indicated that bimekizumab had better efficacy than placebo or active comparator for Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 [risk ratio (RR) = 29.29, 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.30–83.30, 1.06–2.19], PASI 100 (RR = 59.87, 2.06; 95% CI = 15.06–237.99, 1.12–3.79), and Investigator’s Global Assessment scores of 0 or 1 (IGA 0/1) (RR = 21.55, 1.36; 95% CI = 9.25–50.19, 1.02–1.81). Faster onset of clinically meaningful responses was observed with bimekizumab compared with both active comparators (RR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.32–5.10) and placebo (RR = 40.46; 95% CI = 13.19–124.13), with PASI 75 response observed at week 4 after one dose. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in the reduction of PASI scores between 320 mg q4w dosage and q8w dosage (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.96–1.03). Rates of patients with adverse events (AEs) were comparable in the bimekizumab and active comparator groups (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.01–1.26), and oral candidiasis was one of the most common treatment-emergent AEs.

Conclusion:

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that bimekizumab is more efficacious and has a rapid onset of action than active comparators and placebo in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. After 16 weeks of initial maintenance treatment, both bimekizumab maintenance dosing schedules (320 mg every 4 and 8 weeks) had similar efficacy.