bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Poisson transform adapted to the Rumin complex
Authors: Čap Andreas , Harrach Christoph , Julg Pierre
Published: July 2020

Let G be a semisimple Lie group with finite center, [Formula: see text] a maximal compact subgroup, and [Formula: see text] a parabolic subgroup. Following ideas of P. Y. Gaillard, one may use G-invariant differential forms on [Formula: see text] to construct G-equivariant Poisson transforms mapping differential forms on G/P to differential forms on G/K. Such invariant forms can be constructed using finite-dimensional representation theory. In this general setting, we first prove that the transforms that always produce harmonic forms are exactly those that descend from the de Rham complex on G/P to the associated Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand (or BGG) complex in a well defined sense.

The main part of this paper is devoted to an explicit construction of such transforms with additional favorable properties in the case that [Formula: see text]. Thus, G/P is [Formula: see text] with its natural CR structure and the relevant BGG complex is the Rumin complex, while G/K is complex hyperbolic space of complex dimension [Formula: see text]. The construction is carried out both for complex and for real differential forms and the compatibility of the transforms with the natural operators that are available on their sources and targets are analyzed in detail.
Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value Discount
Authors: Herron Richard , Nahata Rajarishi
Published: July 2020

We analyze the valuation-tax avoidance relation and find there is, in fact, a market value discount for tax avoidance. We identify several channels for the adverse valuation effects of tax avoidance. Tax-avoiding firms that (i) lack foreign income, (ii) are financially constrained, and (iii) incur relatively high capital expenditures have lower valuations. A portfolio long the highest and short the lowest tax-avoiding firms has a significantly positive four-factor alpha, highlighting greater risk and thus lower valuation associated with tax avoidance. Our results are robust to a variety of tests, including several different tax avoidance measures.
Analysis of and Theoretical Reflections on China’s “Excessive De-Industrialization” Phenomenon
Authors: WEI Houkai , WANG Songji
Published: July 2020

Industrialization is a long-term process of spiral transformation and upgrading. In a broad sense, industrialization can be divided into two stages, i.e. shallow industrialization and deep industrialization. The first stage refers to a process of expansive industrialization aiming to increase the proportion of industry, while the second stage refers to a process of contractive industrialization centered on improvements in industrial quality and competitiveness, to which the shallow industrialization is transformed and upgraded. In fact, the industrialization stages divided according to traditional theories, i.e. early stage, middle stage and late stage, are only for achieving the goals of shallow industrialization, instead of ultimately completing the developmental tasks of industrial economy. The transforming and upgrading from shallow industrialization to deep industrialization is an essential stage for a major country to enhance its development quality and competitiveness of industrial economy. So far, China has not fully industrialized. In the context of unbalanced and inadequate industrial development, China has seen a rapid decline in the industrial value-added and employment proportions in recent years, prematurely showing the features of rapid excessive de-industrialization in all respects. China’s current excessive de-industrialization is not only attributed to the impulse of rushing into mass actions in industrial upgrading, but also resulting from the combined effects of multiple factors such as surging factor prices and overcapacity at the current stage, exerting serious negative impacts on China’s economic growth, productivity improvement, development of modern service industry and transfer of agricultural labor force. In a long period of time ahead, considering the need to improve the quality of industrialization and the relationship between industry and services, real economy and virtual economy, the industry dominated by advanced manufacturing industry is still China’s major impetus for driving the medium–high rate of sustained and stable economic growth. Advancing deep industrialization remains a long and arduous task. Therefore, it is required to get rid of the misunderstanding caused by traditional theories and thinking, reconsider the importance of industrialization, implement the strategy of deep industrialization and prevent excessive de-industrialization. The specific measures include: expedite the promotion of deep industrialization in the developed regions of Eastern China, build a group of advanced manufacturing bases in Central and Western China and facilitate an in-depth integrated development of advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry.
Electrochemical Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Aging of Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Keil Jonas , Jossen Andreas
Published: July 2020

We present an electrochemical aging model with solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, SEI re-formation due to cracking of the layer during graphite expansion, lithium plating when the potential of the negative electrode becomes negative vs Li/Li+, and subsequent lithium stripping once the potential becomes positive again. The model considers the transition from an early stage, linear to a later stage, nonlinear capacity fade. While SEI re-/formation define linear aging, the onset and slope of nonlinear aging is simulated based on the ratio of reversibly and irreversibly plated lithium. With ongoing aging, more lithium is plated irreversibly so that less lithium is stripped. The simulation data agree very well with experimental data on commercial 18 650-type lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide vs graphite (NCM/C) cells.
DFT Analysis of Ethanol Electro-Oxidation on Fe(110) and Fe3C(110) and its Correlation with the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel
Authors: Ashrafriahi Ali , Foroozan Amir , Ghaznavi Mahmoudreza , Seifitokaldani Ali , Newman Roger C.
Published: July 2020

Striking mechanical and morphological similarities of the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in ethanolic media with those governed by a cleavage-like mechanism in CO-CO2 aqueous solutions, prompted the investigation of the possibility of ethanol electrochemical oxidation into CO on ferrite (Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) surfaces. Density functional theory computations on (110) surfaces reveal that the catalytic activity of Fe and Fe3C through the α dehydrogenation pathway can significantly reduce the energy barrier of electro-oxidation of ethanol and production of CO to 0.575 and 0.480 eV, respectively. These first principle calculations indicate that at the anodic potentials applied during potentiostatic slow strain rate testing, ethanol electrooxidation to CO is thermodynamically viable on carbon steel, giving further credit to the involvement of cleavage type SCC of carbon steel in ethanolic environments.
Impacts of prolonged sitting with mild hypercapnia on vascular and autonomic function in healthy recreationally active adults
Authors: Headid Ronald J. , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Wooden TeSean K. , Son Won-Mok , Layec Gwenael , Shin John , Park Song-Young
Published: July 2020

The results of this study reveal that prolonged sitting attenuates endothelial function and microvascular function. Additionally, prolonged sitting with mild hypercapnia, which is similar to everyday environments, further exacerbates peripheral endothelial function and microvascular function.
An UHF RFID Reader Antenna with Multitag Identification for Extremely Low-Temperature Medical Systems
Authors: Jung Ji S. , Lee Jung N. , Kim Joung M. , Park Jong K.
Published: July 2020

A radio frequency identification reader antenna having multitag identification for medical systems is presented, which consists of four PIFAs, two hybrid couplers, and four power dividers. The high isolation is achieved by the symmetric design of the antenna geometry and four power dividers, which are fed by two hybrid couplers. The experimental results show an isolation of more than 40 dB in the North American (902–928 MHz), Korean (917–923.5 MHz), and Japanese (916.7–923.5 MHz) RFID frequency bands.
An Optimization Technique of the 3D Indoor Map Data Based on an Improved Octree Structure
Authors: Yu Xiaomin , Wang Huiqiang , Lv Hongwu , Fu Junqiang
Published: July 2020

The construction and retrieval of indoor maps are important for indoor positioning and navigation. It is necessary to ensure a good user experience while meeting real-time requirements. Unlike outdoor maps, indoor space is limited, and the relationship between indoor objects is complex which would result in an uneven indoor data distribution and close relationship between the data. A data storage model based on the octree scene segmentation structure was proposed in this paper initially. The traditional octree structure data storage model has been improved so that the data could be backtracked. The proposed method will solve the problem of partition lines within the range of the object data and improve the overall storage efficiency. Moreover, a data retrieval algorithm based on octree storage structure was proposed. The algorithm adopts the idea of “searching for a point, points around the searched point are within the searching range.” Combined with the octree neighbor retrieval methods, the closure constraints are added. Experimental results show that using the improved octree storage structure, the retrieval cost is 1/8 of R-tree. However, by using the neighbor retrieval, it improved the search efficiency by about 27% on average. After adding the closure constraint, the retrieval efficiency increases by 25% on average.
A Constitutive Model for Saturated Gravelly Sand Based on Higher‐Order Dilatancy Equation
Authors: Zhang Dongjie , Luo Fei , Zhu Zhanyuan , Luo Bin , Li Jing , Xu Zihan , Liu Jiaming
Published: July 2020

A standard stress path triaxial test system was applied to carry out conventional triaxial shearing tests for gravelly sands under confining pressures ranging from 50 kPa to 400 kPa at the initial relative densities of 0.15, 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75, respectively. The test results show that all the samples of gravelly sand present strain hardening and shear contraction during the process of shearing test. Additionally, gravelly sands are significantly affected by the initial relative density. The hardening degree of gravelly sand samples rises in line with increasing initial relative densities during shearing tests. When initial relative densities Dr are at 0.15 and 0.35, the volume shrinkage of samples decreases with the increasing confining pressures. Instead, when initial relative densities Dr are at 0.55 and 0.75, the volume shrinkage of samples increases with the growth of confining pressures. To describe these triaxial shearing mechanical properties of gravelly sands, a higher‐order dilatancy equation was proposed based on the concept of a super yield surface. A constitutive model which can describe the mechanical properties of gravelly sand was established when the associated flow laws were applied to compare with the results of the triaxial shearing test under the consolidated drained condition. The comparison results showed that the proposed model can reflect the strain hardening and shear contraction characteristics of gravelly sands from low to high confining pressures under different initial relative densities.
Stimulation Techniques of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Jicheng , Si Leilei , Chen Junguo , Kizil Mehmet , Wang Chunguang , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2020

Coalbed methane (CBM) plays an important role in securing world energy supply and transiting electricity generation from fossil fuel to renewables. CBM reservoirs are generally very tight and require effective stimulation to achieve economic extraction. In recent years, an increasing number of coal seam stimulation techniques were developed, but selecting the most suitable stimulation technique for a particular CBM reservoir condition is becoming increasingly challenging. Therefore, it is deemed very important to compare the effectiveness of different stimulation techniques in a meaningful way to guide future research directions in this area. In this paper, the stimulation techniques were firstly classified into different categories according to the stimulation mechanisms. Then, the associated principles, the history of advances, and challenges of different stimulation techniques were comprehensively reviewed. Two indexes were proposed to compare the stimulation effectiveness at the laboratory and field scales, respectively. Finally, the comparison and evaluation of each stimulation technique in respect to the stimulation effectiveness, influence range, duration, and environment were conducted in detail; the cryogenic liquid nitrogen stimulation technique receives the highest total score among the discussed laboratory-scale stimulation techniques. Hydraulic fracturing and gas injection stimulation techniques gain the highest total score among key field-scale stimulation techniques. Considering the time required for each stimulation method to take effect, high-voltage electric fracturing may have a greater potential in the future. This work is expected to help better select the optimal stimulation technique for reservoir specific conditions.
Rapid Detection of Kaempferol Using Surface Molecularly Imprinted Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Embedded with Carbon Dots
Authors: He Yu , Wang Junping , Wang Shuo
Published: July 2020

This work demonstrates rapid sensing of kaempferol using active sensing material synthesized using the one-pot surface-imprinting synthesis method. This sensor consisted of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) consisting of mesoporous molecular sieves (SBA-15) loaded with carbon dots (CDs). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed successful incorporation of CDs onto the surface of imprinted mesoporous molecular sieves. Ordered hexagonal arrays of CDs@SBA-15@MIP mesopore structure were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescence intensity of CDs@SBA-15@MIP composites linearly correlated with kaempferol content in the 0.05–2 mg/L range. Detection limit was 14 μg/L. MIPs were used for efficient detection of kaempferol in fruit and vegetable samples with recovery values from 80% to 112%. The method has high sensitivity, low cost, good selectivity, and many application potentials useful for research and development of flavonoid monomer presence in food.
Combined Integrating Control Based on Dynamic Optimization Estimation
Authors: Chen Angang , Ren Zhengyun , Fan Zhiping , Feng Xue
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a new type of controller based on the combined integrating systems is proposed, which is called a combined integrating controller. The controller’s current output is determined only by the current input and the average value of the controller’s previous output. The innovation is to introduce a time-delay positive feedback in the controller. The memory characteristics of the time-delay term keep accumulating error information and repeatedly learning so that the system can stably track and restrain any input signal without error. Simultaneously, the combined integrating controller is applied to conventional process systems based on dynamic optimization estimation in the case study to show absolute superiority over the nonpredictive control method (such as the classical PID control method).
Deep Autoencoders and Feedforward Networks Based on a New Regularization for Anomaly Detection
Authors: Albahar Marwan Ali , Binsawad Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Anomaly detection is a problem with roots dating back over 30 years. The NSL-KDD dataset has become the convention for testing and comparing new or improved models in this domain. In the field of network intrusion detection, the UNSW-NB15 dataset has recently gained significant attention over the NSL-KDD because it contains more modern attacks. In the present paper, we outline two cutting-edge architectures that push the boundaries of model accuracy for these datasets, both framed in the context of anomaly detection and intrusion classification. We summarize training methodologies, hyperparameters, regularization, and other aspects of model architecture. Moreover, we also utilize the standard deviation of weight values to design a new regularization technique. Then, we embed it on both models and report the models’ performance. Finally, we detail potential improvements aimed at increasing models’ accuracy.
A Novel Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization Framework for the Improvement of Near-Infrared Quantitative Calibration Models
Authors: Feng Quanxi , Chen Huazhou , Xie Hai , Cai Ken , Lin Bin , Xu Lili
Published: July 2020

The global fishmeal production is used for animal feed, and protein is the main component that provides nutrition to animals. In order to monitor and control the nutrition supply to animal husbandry, near-infrared (NIR) technology was utilized for rapid detection of protein contents in fishmeal samples. The aim of the NIR quantitative calibration is to enhance the model prediction ability, where the study of chemometric algorithms is inevitably on demand. In this work, a novel optimization framework of GSMW-LPC-GA was constructed for NIR calibration. In the framework, some informative NIR wavebands were selected by grid search moving window (GSMW) strategy, and then the variables/wavelengths in the waveband were transformed to latent principal components (LPCs) as the inputs for genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. GA operates in iterations as implementation for the secondary optimization of NIR wavebands. In steps of the variable’s population evolution, the parametric scaling mode was investigated for the optimal determination of the crossover probability and the mutation operator. With the GSMW-LPC-GA framework, the NIR prediction effect on fishmeal protein was experimentally better than the effect by simply adopting the moving window calibration model. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is suitable for NIR quantitative determination of fishmeal protein. GA was eventually regarded as an implementable method providing an efficient strategy for improving the performance of NIR calibration models. The framework is expected to provide an efficient strategy for analyzing some unknown changes and influence of various fertilizers.
Trajectory Tracking of a Flexible Robot Manipulator by a New Optimized Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode-Based Feedback Linearization Controller
Authors: Mahmoodabadi M. J. , Nejadkourki N.
Published: July 2020

This work presents a novel fuzzy adaptive sliding mode-based feedback linearization controller for trajectory tracking of a flexible robot manipulator. To reach this goal, after deriving the dynamical equations of the robot, the feedback linearization approach is utilized to change the nonlinear dynamics to a linear one and find the control law. Then, the sliding mode control strategy is implemented to design a stabilizer for trajectory tracking of the flexible robot. In order to adaptively tune the parameters of the designed controller, the gradient descent approach and the chain derivative rule are employed. Moreover, the Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy system is applied to regulate the controller gains. Finally, a multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimum fuzzy rules. The conflicting objective functions considered as the integrals of the absolute values of the state error and the control effort should be minimized, simultaneously. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and capability of the introduced scenario in comparison with other methods.
Quantitative LAMP and PCR Detection of Salmonella in Chicken Samples Collected from Local Markets around Pathum Thani Province, Thailand
Authors: Vichaibun Virun , Kanchanaphum Panan
Published: July 2020

Salmonella is a bacterium that infects people when they consume contaminated food or liquids. To prevent humans from becoming ill, it is useful to have an efficient method of detecting Salmonella before the disease is passed on through the food chain. In this research, the efficiency of Salmonella detection was compared using the following four methods: conventional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR, quantitative LAMP (qLAMP), and qPCR. The artificial infection of chicken samples started with incubating of 10 mL of 108 CFU of S. typhimurium for 6 hr. and enriching for 2 hr. to represent real contamination of the samples. The results show that the sensitivity of Salmonella DNA detection in PCR, qPCR, LAMP, and qLAMP were 50 ng, 5 ng, 50 pg, and and 500 fg, respectively. Thirty samples of 10 g chicken were collected from 10 markets in Pathum Thani, Thailand; then, the infection was detected. The conventional LAMP, qLAMP, and qPCR methods detected Salmonella in all the chicken samples. However, the conventional PCR method detected Salmonella infection in only eight of the samples. Overall, the qLAMP method had the highest sensitivity of Salmonella DNA detection.
Utilizing SEER Cancer Registries for Population-Based Cancer Survivor Epidemiologic Studies: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , Elena Joanne W. , Fagan Sarah , Carter Marjorie , Hamilton Ann S. , Hastert Theresa A. , Hunter Lisa L. , Li Jie , Lynch Charles F. , Milam Joel , Millar Morgan M. , Modjeski Denise , Paddock Lisa E. , Reed Amanda R. , Moses Lisa B. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Sweeney Carol , Trapido Edward J. , West Michele M. , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Helzlsouer Kathy J.
Published: July 2020

Background:

While the primary role of central cancer registries in the United States is to provide vital information needed for cancer surveillance and control, these registries can also be leveraged for population-based epidemiologic studies of cancer survivors. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registries to rapidly identify, recruit, and enroll individuals for survivor research studies and to assess their willingness to engage in a variety of research activities.

Methods:

In 2016 and 2017, six SEER registries recruited both recently diagnosed and longer-term survivors with early age–onset multiple myeloma or colorectal, breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer. Potential participants were asked to complete a survey, providing data on demographics, health, and their willingness to participate in various aspects of research studies.

Results:

Response rates across the registries ranged from 24.9% to 46.9%, with sample sizes of 115 to 239 enrolled by each registry over a 12- to 18-month period. Among the 992 total respondents, 90% answered that they would be willing to fill out a survey for a future research study, 91% reported that they would donate a biospecimen of some type, and approximately 82% reported that they would consent to have their medical records accessed for research.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the feasibility of leveraging SEER registries to recruit a geographically and racially diverse group of cancer survivors.

Impact:

Central cancer registries are a source of high-quality data that can be utilized to conduct population-based cancer survivor studies.
Assessment of Fetal Lung Maturity Using Quantitative Ultrasound Analysis in Patients with Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Flosi Fernanda Borges , da Silva Fernanda Campos , de Jesús Guilherme Ramires , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , de Sá Renato Augusto Moreira
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is a frequent clinical situation, and the decision about the best time for delivery remains controversial, mainly due to the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity (NRM). Assessment of fetal lung maturity using ultrasound, a safe method and widely used in current obstetrical practice, could change this scenario. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of quantitative ultrasound method QuantusFLM® to predict NRM in patients with PROM and whether maternal BMI, gestational age, occurrence of the disease, and presence of oligohydramnios influenced the performance. Methods: Patients with singleton gestations, diagnosis of PROM, and gestational age between 24 and 38 weeks and 6 days were included. Fetal lung image was acquired by ultrasound within 48 h prior to delivery and analyzed by QuantusFLM®. The results were then paired with neonatal outcomes to assess the program’s ability to predict the NRM in this specific group. A logistic regression model was created to analyze factors that could affect the test results. Results: Fifty-four patients were included. Mean maternal BMI was 28.99 kg/m2, and in 25 patients (46.2%), oligohydramnios was observed at the time of examination. Mean gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks and 4 days, and the NRM prevalence was of 18.5%. QuantusFLM® predicted NRM with a 60% sensitivity, 79.5% specificity, 40% positive predictive value, 89.7% negative predictive value, and 75.6% accuracy. Maternal BMI, disease occurrence, presence of oligohydramnios, and gestational age did not interfere with the evaluation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a good accuracy of QuantusFLM® as a NRM predictor in patients with PROM, with particular reliability in identifying that pulmonary maturity has already occurred.
Enhanced Percutaneous Delivery of Beta-Blockers Using Thermal Resurfacing Drug Delivery System for Topical Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Mashiah Jacob , Bar-Ilan Efrat , Koren Amir , Friedman Or , Zur Eyal , Artzi Ofir
Published: July 2020

Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common vascular tumors in children. In the past few years, topical beta-blockers (bBs) have been reported to be an effective treatment of superficial IHs. Objective: We sought to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety profile of enhanced percutaneous delivery of bBs for the treatment of IH. Methods: A retrospective study of all cases of IHs treated with enhanced percutaneous delivery of bBs between 2018 and 2019 was performed. Epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data, including effectiveness score and safety, were reviewed. Results: The study included 11 patients with a total of 11 IHs. Of the total number of IHs, 7 (63.7%) showed a good response to treatment and 4 (36.3%) had a partial response; thus all patients (100%) had good or partial response to treatment. No systemic or local adverse effects were reported. Limitations: This is an uncontrolled retrospective study. Conclusion: Enhanced percutaneous delivery of bBs is a safe and efficient topical therapy for IH.
Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Lak Hassan M. , Shah Rohan , Verma Beni Rai , Roselli Eric , Caputo Francis , Xu Bo
Published: July 2020

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is a rare cause of angina. It occurs in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting and, specifically, a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) graft and co-existent significant subclavian artery stenosis. In this context, there is retrograde blood flow through the LIMA to LAD graft to supply the subclavian artery beyond the significant stenosis. This potentially occurs at the cost of compromising coronary artery perfusion dependent on the LIMA graft. In this review, we present a case of a middle-aged female who suffered from CSSS and review the literature for the contemporary diagnosis and management of this condition.
The Relationship between Dialysis Metrics and Patient-Reported Cognition, Fatigue, and Physical Function
Authors: Sturgill Daniel A. , Bal Naveet , Nagavally Sneha , Wolfgram Dawn F.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The impact of achieving hemodialysis laboratory and hemodynamic quality metrics on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is unknown. Objective: To determine if meeting dialysis laboratory quality of care measures is associated with improved PROs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we measured the relationship between dialysis patients’ Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores and commonly used dialysis quality of care measures. Results: PROMIS surveys were administered to 92 dialysis patients. The mean ± SD scores demonstrated higher fatigue (55.0 ± 9.8) and lower physical function (37.9 ± 7.9) but similar cognition (50.3 ± 10.9) compared to general population normative scores of 50 ± 10. Dialysis patients meeting Kt/V goals had no better scores than those who did not. Meeting the hemoglobin (Hgb) value of ≥10 g/dL was associated with a lower fatigue score, but no difference in cognitive or physical function scores. Meeting the serum albumin goal of ≥4.0 mg/dL was associated with a higher physical function score but made no difference for cognitive function or fatigue score. As a continuous variable, a higher Hgb was associated with lower reported fatigue (HR −1.74 95%, CI [−3.09, −0.39]), but no other measures were associated with PRO scores when adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. Conclusions: We found little association between measures currently used to assess the quality of dialysis care and PROs. Encouraging improved utilization of PROs and incorporating PROs into quality measurements might give a more robust assessment of quality of care. Future studies should assess the benefits of this approach.
ДОГОСПІТАЛЬНА МЕДИЧНА ДОПОМОГА ПРИ ГОСТРИХ ПОРУШЕННЯХ МОЗКОВОГО КРОВООБІГУ. ПЕРШІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ РЕФОРМИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Muratova T. M. , Khramtsov D. M. , Stoyanov O. M. , Vorokhta Y. M. , Samofalov D. O. , Larchenko S. S. , Malonoga S. O.
Published: July 2020

Мета: оцінити ефективність надання догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті в контексті реформування національної системи охорони здоров’я на прикладі Одеської області.

Матеріали і методи. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз діяльності екстреної медичної допомоги (ЕМД) у 2016–2018 рр. (до впровадження реформи) та в 2018–2019 рр.

Результати. Проведений аналіз показав, що в середньому щороку в області через систему екстреної медичної допомоги госпіталізували з інсультом (1160±29) пацієнтів, що становить 47,7 випадку на 100 000 населення. Середній вік госпіталізованих пацієнтів становив (62,6±3,8) року, при гендерному співвідношенні 1/1,2 із незначним переважанням чоловіків. Найбільшу кількість випадків гострих порушень мозкового кровообігу (ГПМК) зафіксовано влітку (61,4 %). Близько 25–30 % викликів екстреної медичної допомоги не завершуються госпіталізацією хворого з інсультом. Причини відмови пов᾽язані з бажанням хворого або його родичів лікуватися амбулаторно (13,5 %), наявністю серед родичів лікарів або середніх медичних працівників (11,7 %), браком коштів (18,9 %), сімейними обставинами (6,3 %), загальним тяжким станом хворого (4,5 %). Після введення у дію нової концепції екстреної медичної допомоги кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася у 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Обговорюють досвід створення регіональних клінічних та транспортних протоколів для максимального скорочення часу і забезпечення оптимального лікування на всіх етапах медичної допомоги.

Висновки. Впровадження реформи покращило якість догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті, так кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася в 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Залишається актуальною проблема необґрунтованих відмов пацієнтів із ГПМК та їхніх родичів від термінової госпіталізації. Обговорюють впровадження стандартизованих операційних процедур надання догоспітальної допомоги, спрямованих на зменшення часу транспортування пацієнтів до стаціонару.
Nonculprit Lesion Plaque Morphology in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pinilla-Echeverri Natalia , Mehta Shamir R. , Wang Jia , Lavi Shahar , Schampaert Erick , Cantor Warren J. , Bainey Kevin R. , Welsh Robert C. , Kassam Saleem , Mehran Roxana , Storey Robert F. , Nguyen Helen , Meeks Brandi , Wood David A. , Cairns John A. , Sheth Tej
Published: July 2020

Background:

Complete revascularization with routine percutaneous coronary intervention of nonculprit lesions after primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcomes in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Whether this benefit is associated with nonculprit lesion vulnerability is unknown.

Methods:

In a prospective substudy of the COMPLETEs trial (Complete vs Culprit-Only Revascularization to Treat Multi-Vessel Disease After Early PCI for STEMI), we performed optical coherence tomography of at least 2 coronary arteries before nonculprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention in 93 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease; and the ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction culprit vessel if there was unstented segment amenable to imaging. Nonculprit lesions were categorized as obstructive (≥70% stenosis by visual angiographic assessment) or nonobstructive, and as thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or non-TCFA by optical coherence tomography criteria. TCFA was defined as a lesion with mean fibrous cap thickness <65 μm overlying a lipid arc >90°.

Results:

On a patient level, at least one obstructive TCFA was observed in 44/93 (47%) of patients. On a lesion level, there were 58 TCFAs among 150 obstructive nonculprit lesions compared with 74 TCFAs among 275 nonculprit lesions (adjusted TCFA prevalence: 35.4% versus 23.2%,
P
=0.022). Compared with obstructive non-TCFAs, obstructive TCFAs had similar lesion length (23.1 versus 20.8 mm,
P
=0.16) but higher lipid quadrants (55.2 versus 19.2,
P
<0.001), greater mean lipid arc (203.8° versus 84.5°,
P
<0.001), and more macrophages (97.1% versus 54.4%,
P
<0.001) and cholesterol crystals (85.8% versus 44.3%,
P
<0.001). For nonobstructive lesions, TCFA lesions had similar lesion length (16.7 versus 14.6 mm,
P
=0.11), but more lipid quadrants (36.4 versus 13.5,
P
<0.001), and greater mean lipid arc (191.8° versus 84.2°,
P
<0.001) compared with non-TCFA.

Conclusions:

Among patients who underwent optical coherence tomography imaging in the COMPLETE trial, nearly 50% had at least one obstructive nonculprit lesion containing complex vulnerable plaque. Obstructive lesions more commonly harbored vulnerable plaque morphology than nonobstructive lesions. This may help explain the benefit of routine percutaneous coronary intervention of obstructive nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01740479s.
Luminal and Wall Changes in Intracranial Arterial Lesions for Predicting Stroke Occurrence
Authors: Kim Hyung Jun , Choi Eun-Hyeok , Chung Jong-Won , Kim Jae-Hwan , Kim Ye Sel , Seo Woo-Keun , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Bang Oh Young
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Luminal imaging (degree of stenosis) currently serves as the gold standard to predict stroke recurrence and guide therapeutic strategies in patients with intracranial large artery diseases (ILADs). We comparatively evaluated the importance of vessel wall and luminal changes in predicting stroke occurrence.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with ILAD in the proximal middle cerebral artery or distal internal carotid artery without proximal sources of embolism from the carotid and heart underwent time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and the ring finger protein 213 (
RNF213
) gene variant test. Patients were followed up for >3 months.

Results:

Of the 675 patients, 241 (35.7%) had atherosclerotic ILAD and 434 (64.3%) showed nonatherosclerotic ILAD (315 [46.7%] moyamoya disease cases and 119 [17.6%] dissection cases). The
RNF213
variant was detected in 74.9%, 33.6%, and 3.4% patients with moyamoya disease, atherosclerosis, and dissection, respectively. Three hundred (44.4%) patients had asymptomatic ILAD, whereas 375 (55.6%) patients had symptomatic ILAD. Multivariate analysis showed that vessel enhancement and etiological subtypes, not degree of stenosis, determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and
RNF213
gene variant analysis were independently associated with symptomatic ILAD. The presence of the
RNF213
variant was also independently associated with recurrent cerebrovascular events.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the prevalence of nonatherosclerotic ILAD in East Asian patients with ILAD. Unlike luminal changes, wall changes determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and presence of the
RNF213
variant could predict stroke occurrence in patients with ILADs.
Extending the Person-Case Constraint to Gender: Agreement, Locality, and the Syntax of Pronouns
Authors: Foley Steven , Toosarvandani Maziar
Published: July 2020

In many languages with clitic or other weak pronouns, a Person-Case Constraint (Perlmutter 1971, Bonet 1991) prohibits certain combinations of these pronouns on the basis of their person features. This article explores the crosslinguistic variation in such constraints, starting with several closely related Zapotec varieties. These restrict combinations of clitics not just on the basis of person, but also on the basis of a finely articulated, largely animacy-based gender system. Operating within a larger combinatorial space, these constraints offer a new perspective on the typology of Phi-Case Constraints (ΦCCs) more generally. This typology has an overall asymmetrical shape correlating with the underlying syntactic position of pronominal arguments. We develop a principled theory of this typology that incorporates three hypotheses: (a) ΦCCs arise from how a functional head Agrees with clitic pronouns, subject to intervention-based locality (Anagnostopoulou 2003, Béjar and Rezac 2003, 2009); (b) the variation in these constraints arises from variation in the relativization of probes (Anagnostopoulou 2005, Nevins 2007, 2011); and (c) clitic and other weak pronouns have no inherent need to be licensed via Agree with a functional head. Under this account, the crosslinguistic typology of ΦCCs has the potential to shed light on the grammatical representation of person and gender.
Deriving Head-Final Order in the Peripheral Domain of Chinese
Authors: Pan Victor Junnan
Published: July 2020

This article proposes a unified analysis of the peripheral projections in Chinese, which does not rely on a head-directionality parameter. Each of these projections constitutes a phase and its head bears an EPP feature, which must be satisfied. Chinese peripheral projections demonstrate four different ways to satisfy the EPP. Importantly, sentence-final particles project phases, and their complements obligatorily move to the specifier as a last resort to satisfy the EPP. Movement of the complement to the phase edge would postpone the transfer of phrases embedded in the complement, allowing these phrases to move later. When the phase edge is not available for the moved complement, phrases embedded in the complement are not able to be extracted in the later stage, after the complement is transferred. This constitutes a strong argument in favor of the obligatory complement-to-specifier raising analysis for sentence-final particles in Chinese.
Hijab, Sport and Schooling in Finland – from Principles to Practice
Authors: Almila Anna-Mari
Published: July 2020

This paper concerns the intersections between veiling, school and sport, focussing on both legislative elements and formal regulations, as well as the more micro-level practices of physical education teachers in school environments in Finland. Veiling is an extraordinarily politicised topic today, while also being an everyday dress practice engaged in by millions of women worldwide. Sport can be likewise politicised, and certainly is so in the case of veiling. Sometimes seen as resistance to patriarchal structures and cultural traditions, sometimes defended and justified using religious arguments, Muslim women’s physical activities may be understood as a conflictual social field, especially when the women either choose to veil or prefer gender segregated venues for sport. Bringing together realms such as politics, legislation, education, garment design and religion, the debates surrounding female Muslim bodies are at the centre of ideas to do with citizenship and integration in Muslim-minority contexts. In Finland, both the national law and local regulations allow for a great deal of independence for teachers working with veiling students, at the same time as guaranteeing high protection of an individual’s right to freedom of religion. Consequently, negotiation strategies between teachers and veiling students are central for the accommodation of religious dress practices. This is particularly so when teaching physical education, which has specific requirements for students’ outfits from the point of view of safety and practicality. I discuss the complexities created by the fields of law, education, religion, politics and design when they come together in the case of hijabs, sport and physical education.
Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Schmitt Carl , Chen Chih-Chieh-Jack , Bansemer Aaron , Gettelman Andrew , Field Paul R. , Liu Chuntao
Published: July 2020

This study is the first to reach a global view of the precipitation process partitioning, using a combination of satellite and global climate modeling data. The pathways investigated are 1) precipitating ice (ice/snow/graupel) that forms above the freezing level and melts to produce rain (S) followed by additional condensation and collection as the melted precipitating ice falls to the surface (R); 2) growth completely through condensation and collection (coalescence), warm rain (W); and 3) precipitating ice (primarily snow) that falls to the surface (SS). To quantify the amounts, data from satellite-based radar measurements—CloudSat, GPM, and TRMM—are used, as well as climate model simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Total precipitation amounts and the fraction of the total precipitation amount for each of the pathways is examined latitudinally, regionally, and globally. Carefully examining the contributions from the satellite-based products leads to the conclusion that about 57% of Earth’s precipitation follows pathway S, 15% R, 23% W, and 5% SS, each with an uncertainty of ±5%. The percentages differ significantly from the global climate model results, with the UM indicating smaller fractional S, more R, and more SS; and CAM showing appreciably greater S, negative R (indicating net evaporation below the melting layer), a much larger percentage of W and much less SS. Possible reasons for the wide differences between the satellite- and model-based results are discussed.
Human Cognition in Interaction With Robots: Taking the Robot’s Perspective Into Account
Authors: Salm-Hoogstraeten Sophia von , Müsseler Jochen
Published: July 2020

Objective

The present study investigated whether and how different human–robot interactions in a physically shared workspace influenced human stimulus–response (SR) relationships.

Background

Human work is increasingly performed in interaction with advanced robots. Since human–robot interaction often takes place in physical proximity, it is crucial to investigate the effects of the robot on human cognition.

Method

In two experiments, we compared conditions in which humans interacted with a robot that they either remotely controlled or monitored under otherwise comparable conditions in the same shared workspace. The cognitive extent to which the participants took the robot’s perspective served as a dependent variable and was evaluated with a SR compatibility task.

Results

The results showed pronounced compatibility effects from the robot’s perspective when participants had to take the perspective of the robot during the task, but significantly reduced compatibility effects when human and robot did not interact. In both experiments, compatibility effects from the robot’s perspective resulted in statistically significant differences in response times and in error rates between compatible and incompatible conditions.

Conclusion

We concluded that SR relationships from the perspective of the robot need to be considered when designing shared workspaces that require users to take the perspective of the robot.

Application

The results indicate changed compatibility relationships when users share their workplace with an interacting robot and therefore have to take its perspective from time to time. The perspective-dependent processing times are expected to be accompanied by corresponding error rates, which might affect—for instance—safety and efficiency in a production process.
Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer and ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer/chloroprene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizate
Authors: Liu Feifei , Shan Xiu , Wang Zhaobo
Published: July 2020

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) based on EAA/chloroprene rubber (CR) were extensively studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Several methods, including the Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo equations, were carried out to analyze the process of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of EAA and EAA/CR TPV. The results showed that the Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo could describe the nonisothermal crystallizations of pure EAA and the EAA/CR TPV very well. However, the Ozawa analysis did not give an adequate description. The crystallization processes of pure EAA and the EAA/CR TPV were accelerated by increasing the cooling rates. Moreover, the initial crystallization temperature and the crystallization termination temperature of EAA/CR TPV were higher than those of pure EAA at the same cooling rate, thus showing the nucleating function of CR in the beginning. While the crystallization half time of EAA/CR TPV was apparently longer than that of pure EAA, meaning that the more CR could cause the steric effect and retard the crystallization process of the TPV during the late stages of crystallizing. Although the CR phase of EAA/CR TPV could provide more nucleation sites, the presence of more CR phase must impose a much more significant confinement effect on the crystal growth of EAA. It was believed that this confinement effect overweighed the nucleation effect, thereby slowing down the overall crystallization rate.
Adaptive robust sliding mode simultaneous control of spacecraft attitude and micro-vibration based on magnetically suspended control and sensitive gyro
Authors: Ren Yuan , Chen Xiaocen , Cai Yuanwen , Wang Weijie , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2020

This paper puts forward realizing the synchronous control of spacecraft attitude and micro-vibration by taking advantage of magnetic suspension rotor deflection of magnetically suspended control and sensitive gyro. A disturbance-observer is designed to estimate the complex micro vibration which is hard to measure, and an adaptive robust sliding mode controller is designed as an integrated controller and its stability is proven by Lyapunov stability criterion. The band-pass filters are introduced to separate low frequency and high frequency control signals and takes them as input commands of gyro frame and magnetic suspension rotor, respectively. The semi-physical simulation results testify that the proposed method has good vibration suppression effect as well as improves the attitude convergence rate.