bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presentation and causes of optic disc oedema at a tertiary centre in Rajasthan
Authors: Goyal Vandana , Nainiwal Sanjeev K , Harsoliya Ram Swaroop , Saini Rajesh K , Kumar Ankur
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the causes of optic disc oedema and their systemic associations and to study the various clinical presentations of optic disc oedema.

This is a retrospective observational study which was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer. All patients who reported to OPD with Optic disc oedema during the study period (February2020 to August 2021) were evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examination included visual acuity, anterior segment examination using slit lamp, fundus examination using direct and indirect Ophthalmoscope and 90 Dioptre lens, B-scan for optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and OCT for retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measurement. fundus photography was also done. Investigations like complete blood test, Visual field testing using perimetry, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging were done as and when indicated.

Total 80 optic disc oedema cases were included in our study. Out of 80 cases, 44(55%) and 36(45%) were males and females respectively. Different causes of optic disc oedema were found to be papilloedema 48 cases (60%), optic neuritis 13 cases (16.25%), NA-AION 9 cases (11.25%), CRVO 3 cases (3.75%), diabetic papillopathy 2 cases (2.5%), traumatic optic neuropathy 2 cases (2.5%) respectively. In 3 cases (3.75%) cause could not be detected (idiopathic).

The most common cause was papilloedema, followed by optic neuritis and NA- AION
Effect of long-term exposure of digital devices during the COVID-19 pandemic and on ocular health
Authors: Sharma Komal , Bharti Dipti , Bushra Danish , Gupta Shivani , Kumar Madishetti Naveen , Das Ghanshyam , Khan Mohd Sadath Ali
Published: October 2022

The study aims to compare the effect of long-term exposure to digital devices during covid-19 and before the lockdown.

To assess the impact of the lockdown on digital device usage & consequently, the ocularsurface health implication related to digital eye strain.

An open online survey was distributed to people via social media platforms (email, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, and so on).

Females participated more than males, with 58.3%. With 30.76%, the >50 age group was found to participate, and at 13-31 years of age, participation was found to be more with 60%. Most individuals use digital devices for education with 44.2%. Before the lockdown, the duration of digital device usage is not there between 4 to 6 hours, but during the lockdown, it has been increased by 35% due to working from home. 76.3% of participants feel restless due to prolonged use of digital devices.

It was discovered that before the lockdown the duration of digital device usage is not there between 4 to 6 hrs but during the lockdown, due to working from home it has increased and headache as an asymptomatic symptom is noticed more during prolonged use of digital devices in lockdown.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean countries: The Labor Supply Impact by Gender
Authors: Viollaz Mariana , Salazar-Saenz Mauricio , Flabbi Luca , Bustelo Monserrat , Bosch Mariano
Published: October 2022

We study the labor supply impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by gender in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries: Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. To identify the impact, we compare labor market stocks and labor market flows over four quarters for a set of balanced panel samples of comparable workers before and after the pandemic. We find that the pandemic has negatively affected the labor market status of both men and women, but that the effect is significantly stronger for women, magnifying the already large gender gaps that characterize LAC countries. The main channel through which this stronger impact is taking place is the increase in child care work affecting women with school-age children.
Financiamiento sostenible de la infraestructura económica y social en América Latina y el Caribe: tendencias, actores e instrumentos
Authors: Alvarez Pagliuca Claudia , Martínez Álvarez Juan , Pereira Dos Santos Pablo , Serebrisky Tomás , Suárez-Alemán Ancor
Published: October 2022

Mientras que la región presenta un amplio potencial de mejora de eficiencia en inversión pública (hacer más con menos recursos disponibles) resulta crucial potenciar mecanismos que incentiven a una inversión más activa y sostenible por parte del sector privado. La participación del sector privado puede contribuir al mejor desarrollo, operación y mantenimiento de los activos y provisión de servicios de infraestructura en tiempos de crisis, así como a preservar niveles de inversión adecuados ante un contexto de enormes dificultades fiscales, contribuyendo al crecimiento económico de la región y a reducir la desigualdad entre sus habitantes mediante el acceso a más y mejores oportunidades. Entender cómo se fondea y financia la infraestructura económica y social en la región, y cómo potenciar y diversificar la presencia de inversores públicos y privados de diferente perfil es un paso fundamental para generar y/o mejorar las condiciones para atraer un mayor y mejor financiamiento, y de este modo cubrir las necesidades de inversión no cubiertas.
Sinergia en las ciencias básicas para la solución de problemas de ingeniería
Authors: Torres- Sánchez Horacio
Published: October 2022

Aparentemente, los fenómenos de golpe de ariete, las sobretensiones electromagnéticas, la teoría de la relatividad general y la solución matemática de una onda viajera son problemas de ingeniería y teorías de las ciencias básicas sin relación entre sí. Sin embargo, un examen histórico muestra la importancia de la acción conjunta en las disciplinas de la Física y la Matemática para dar soluciones en ingeniería, en otras palabras, la sinergia de las ciencias básicas para la solución de problemas de ingeniería.
Co-Integration among COVID-19, Investor Sentiment, and the Stock Market
Authors: Xiao Lin , Aumeboonsuke Vesarach
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on stock market performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to research the co-integration among COVID-19 cases, investor sentiment, and the stock market. The data for the study comprised index returns, trading volume, turnover rate, and volatility from CSI300 index from January 2020 to December 2021. The paper planned to introduce methods that used the autoregressive distributed lag model, co-integration test, and error correction model to achieve the aims. The results show that there is a long-term co-integration relationship among these variables. However, when we consider the long-term association between COVID-19 and investor sentiment and individual stock market variables separately, we find no association among COVID-19 and market volatility, trading volume, or turnover rates. From the perspective of investor sentiment, there is no long-term relationship between investor sentiment and market volatility. Therefore, the model results show that there is a long-term relationship among the variables only when the data are integrated, but this relationship does not always persist when considering individual variables. As the COVID19 still continues, the study results would have the implications for the investment decision-making and risk avoidance to face the pandemic.
Brief survey of water supply and sanitation with special reference to East European Countries
Authors: Chmielewská Eva
Published: October 2022

Purpose of the study: This article is a brief history of development of water sanitation systems in European countries. One of the aims is educating people about importance of water treatment in today’s world. 

Methodology: Bellow article briefly discuss some history of drinking water supply and municipal wastewater sanitation, i.e., construction of historical water engineering system like water wells, first flush toilets, indoor plumbing and simple pressurized showers, sewage farms and irrigation, in China, ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Asia minor, India, by Mayans in America and in Australia.

Main Findings: By the 1840s the luxury of indoor plumbing, which mixes human waste with water and flushes it away, eliminated the need for cesspools. As Britain was the first country to industrialize, it was also the first to experience the consequences of major urbanization and outbreaks of diseases like typhoid and cholera from contaminated water and was the first to construct a modern sewerage system. Most cities in the Western world added more expensive systems for sewage treatment in the early 20th century, after scientists at the University of Manchester Ardern and Lockett discovered the sewage treatment process of activated sludge in 1912.

Implications of the study: More than 100 years have been passed since the activated sludge process was explored, since the time when the mankind started to realize how important is the water sanitation in diseases prevention. However, the water treatment technology is permanently improving and enriched with new innovative solutions, the basic principle from the year 1912 i.e., activated sludge process remains as the main process of all conventional wastewater treatment plants.
Oral Agents for Ovulation Induction
Authors: NARİN Raziye
Published: October 2022

Infertility due to ovulation disorders is 25% of all infertility causes. The most common cause of ovulation disorders is patients with normogonadatropic normogonadism, which is group II according to the World Health Organization anovulation classification and mostly consists of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome which affects 6-20% of women of reproductive age. Oral ovulation induction agents are a suitable option only for patients in this group. The purpose of the ovulation induction is to stimulate the ovaries for monofollicular development. Oral agents used in ovulation induction can be divided into two groups, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors as first-line agents, and metformin and inositols as second-line agents. The aim of this review is to compare the use and efficacy of the primary oral ovulation induction agents, clomiphene citrate and letrozole, and also to reveal the contributions of the adjuvant drugs metformin and inositol. It is seen that letrozole is superior to clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome and is currently preferred as the first-choice drug worldwide. Metformin alone increases the ovulation rate compared to placebo in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, but should not be used as first-line therapy for anovulation. Similarly, when inositol is used alone, it does not increase the pregnancy rate.
Jeśli wszystko jest względne, to także fakt, że wszystko jest względne, jest względny. Czy relatywizm globalny umarł?
Authors: Pietraszek Marta
Published: October 2022

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie najsilniejszego zarzutu względem stanowiska relatywizmu globalnego („wszystko jest względne”) – zarzutu samorefutacji („jeśli wszystko jest względne, to także fakt, że wszystko jest względne jest względny”). Zaprezentowane jest historyczne ujęcie zarzutu wywodzące się z dialogów Platońskich. Przedstawione są dwie interpretacje zarzutu z samorefutacji, z których pierwsza, a zarazem najpowszechniej przyjmowana, jest interpretacją ściśle logiczną, druga zaś pretenduje do bycia wierniejszą sposobowi argumentacji w starożytnej Grecji i jest zarazem słabszą wersją tego argumentu. O ile pierwsza wskazuje na logiczną niemożliwość istnienia stanowiska relatywizmu globalnego, czyli odnosi się do faktów niezależnie od tego, czy ktokolwiek tezy te wygłasza; o tyle druga ukazuje samorefutację jako argument retoryczny wymierzony wpodmiot utrzymujący relatywizm globalny. Na osłabienie zarzutu pozwala wprowadzenie rozróżnienia na samorefutację logiczną oraz pragmatyczną. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie debaty dotyczącej relatywizmu u jej zarania, tj. w dyskusji Sokratesa z Protagorasem i zinterpretowania jej w sposób bliższy sposobowi argumentacji występującemu w tamtym okresie historycznym, a zarazem bardziej przychylny dla relatywizmu, nie popadając przy tym w logiczny anachronizm.
Ludzkie zoo - ciemna strona kolekcjonerstwa
Authors: Gralak Zofia
Published: October 2022

Europejski sposób klasyfikowania świata, począwszy od średniowiecza, skończywszy na XIX wieku, zakładał własny, uniwersalny system, przy pomocy którego należy określać co wartościowe, a wykluczać to co zbędne. W tym systemie, naturalnie najwyższe miejsce w hierarchii należało się Europie i Europejczykom. W wyniku takiego myślenia zakładającego wyższość jednego społeczeństwa nad drugim, powstawały tak zwane „ludzkie zoo”, stanowiące w mniemaniu ówczesnych brakujące ogniwo kolekcjonerstwa. Mowa tu o miejscach, w których żywi ludzie odgrywali sceny związane z życiem w ich rdzennym otoczeniu. Zjawisko to dla Europejczyków stanowiło namiastkę podróży do dzikiego lądu. Ludzkie zoo po raz pierwszy pojawiło się na dworach możnowładców finansujących zamorskie wyprawy do „Nowego Świata”. Rozwinięcie jego stanowią zaś XIX-wieczne „żywe obrazy” gdzie za „50 centów można było odbyć podróż dookoła świata”. Ludzkie zoo z założenia przyrównać można do osobliwych zbiorów kolekcjonerskich, stanowiących upokarzające i uwłaczające godności człowieka widowiska. Niniejsza praca ma na celu przybliżenie problematyki tytułowego zagadnienia i postawienie jej jako tematu do szerszej analizy o podłożu etycznym.
Comparative Efficacy of Serological Tests and Molecular Analysis of Bovine Brucellosis in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Bohrey Krishna Govind , Sharma Barkha , Mishra Raghavendra Prasad , Jain Udit , Parul Singh , Srivastava Mukesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background: Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease that affects people all over the world. Metritis, mastitis, repeat breeding, abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy, retention of placenta and reduced milk production are all symptoms of Brucellosis in the female bovines, whereas epididymitis, orchitis and sterility are symptoms in the male animals. In humans flu-like to undulant fever, arthritis, orchitis and epididymitis can be detected. Methods: A total of 470 bovine samples (serum, whole blood, milk samples) were taken from four districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The 262 sera samples were processed and subjected to RBPT, STAT and ELISA for the determination of seroprevalence of brucellosis and 108 whole blood samples were subjected to molecular analysis by PCR for the disease. Result: Out of 262 (203 cattle and 59 buffalo) serum samples, the seroprevalence of brucellosis in 203 cattle serum sample was found to be 11.82%, 16.25% and 8.37%. Whereas, in 59 buffalo serum samples, the seroprevalence was 3.38%, 15.25% and 0.00% by RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA respectively. Out of 108 whole blood samples, 5 were positive in molecular detection by PCR giving a prevalence rate of 1.62%.
Callus Production and Analysis of Isoflavonoids and Some Terpenes from Bituminaria bituminosa
Authors: Çölgeçen H. , Karahan H. , Hazer Y. , Kasap Y. Korkmaz , Körüklü T.
Published: October 2022

Background: Bituminaria bituminosa is a long-day plant. The plant has a high pastoral value and palatability. It is grazed by cattle, goats and sheep. Leaves and stems contain four furanocoumarins’ psoralen, angelicin, xanthotoxin and bergapten. The seed is covered by the fruit. Germination was not observed in beaked fruits. A cut with a scalpel can increase the germination rate. According to the literature there are not enough studies about the culture media and convenient conditions. Methods: In our study, we tried six medium for callus production with different hormone concentrations including 2,4-D, BAP and kinetin. In this study, a protocol for callus induction and analysis of isoflavonoids and terpenes of Bituminaria bituminosa has been developed. Result: Maximum callus induction frequency was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.5 mg/L kinetin in young primary leaves. 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D+2.5 mg/L kinetin medium is more successful in the production ofses of flavonoids that can be produced in vitro and is more successful in producing phenols. In terpene production, it is seen that 1.25 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L BAP, which is the best callus producing medium containing BAP, is the most successful medium among all tested mediums.
Post-pandemic Employment Opportunities in Georgia's Hospitality Industry
Authors: Meladze Maia , Koblianidze Tamar , Piranashvili Maka , Alaverdashvili Shalva
Published: October 2022

The hospitality sector is a major driver of economic growth and job creation. The jobs created in the sector are important for women, young people and migrant workers, which make up a large share of workers in the field. The coronavirus pandemic has greatly slowed the development of the hospitality industry. This study aims at identifying post-pandemic employment problems and opportunities in Georgia’s hospitality sector of business. The survey was performed using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Interviews were conducted with Georgian experts. Online questionnaires were conducted to determine the level of job satisfaction. Observations showed the most difficult situation of travel and hospitality industry since the pandemic, caused by industry pauses and/or shutdowns, when employees were able to use their skills and move to other industries. The results showed more or less satisfaction with working conditions and relationship. But long working hours and low salary lead to employee dissatisfaction. The employer sees the solution to the problem in communication with the educational space and the need to promote professional education, which leads to the solution of the problem, at least in low-ranking positions
Why Does Fashion Fits China so Much?
Authors: Scaini Luca , Belhaddad Maria
Published: October 2022

The present paper investigates the relationship of cause and effect between cultural behavior and Physioeconomy with Fashion in China. The purpose is to identify which cultural reasons lie behind the massive adoption of fashion in China, entrusting to these the success of fashiopulling fashion. The methodology adopted is an exploratory comparative analysis between nations (China, Japan and India), which have cultural physioeconomic similarities, both genuine or artifact. The paper starts from an initial direct observation of the phenomena, checked through the bibliographic review of the background throughout the last 30 years, and supported by a survey supporting the hypothesis. Findings are that fashion is adopted for anthropological reasons of cultural homologation, and not for differentiation due to the specific socio-psychological and cultural structure of the Chinese Nation, similarly to Japan but contrarily from India. The different attitude toward fashion is motivated by cultural reasons. The value of the paper is the exploratory investigation of the anthropologic behavior, offering a scoped analysis with practical interest for socially based commodities and following the research course of the motivations behind buying fashion and China. It is interesting as it will lead to deeper quantitative researches.
Etude des Effets Antianémiques d’un Complément Alimentaire à Base de Feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia chez des Rats Wistar
Authors: Michel Bleu Gomé , Louise Berthe Ahui Bitty Marie , André Konan Brou , Emeline Fleur Brou Anthelme Ange , Okou Obou Constantin , Flavien Traoré
Published: October 2022

L’anémie constitue l’un des problèmes de santé publique les plus répandus au monde. Le présent travail a pour objectif d’évaluer les propriétés antianémiques des feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia (FJG) en l’utilisant comme complément alimentaire chez des rats Wistar. Ainsi, après un screening phytochimique, une étude toxicologique de l’extrait aqueux de la plante a été réalisée sur des souris femelles. En vue d’évaluer l’effet antianémique de cette plante, 5 lots de 5 rats Wistar mâles ont été constitués et une anémie hémolytique a été induite chez 4 lots (II à V) par administration de 20 mg/kg PC de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine pendant 7 jours. Ensuite, tous ces rats ont été nourris pendant 14 jours suivant l’induction d’anémie comme suit : lot I : régime normal (témoin normal), lot II : régime normal (témoin négatif), lot III : régime normal+ Ranferon® (témoin positif), lot IV : régime normal +10% de FJG et lot V : régime normal+ 20% de FJG. Les résultats montrent que les FJG contiennent des stérols, polyterpènes, composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes, quinones, tanins catéchiques, alcaloïdes et saponosides. Par ailleurs l’extrait aqueux de feuilles n’est pas toxique par voie orale. En outre, les régimes alimentaires à base de FJG ont, tout comme le Ranferon® rétabli partiellement ou totalement les différents paramètres hématologiques mesurés à la fin de l’expérimentation. Ces résultats indiquent que J. gossypiifolia possède des propriétés antianémiques.
Immediate Loading of Dental Implants with Fixed Prosthodontic Constructions Advantages and Methods
Authors: Dolidze Tamar , Kublashvili Marika
Published: October 2022

“Immediate loading of implants” implies loading of implants after extraction of a tooth. The goal of our study was to observe the loss of keratinized gums and bone tissue in the region surrounding the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction, and to compare it to the immediate loading of dental implants with the same indicator. Recently, immediate implant placement after the extraction of a tooth with early loading has become more common. The advantages of this procedure include fewer surgical interventions, reduction in overall treatment time, reduced soft and hard tissue loss, and psychological satisfaction for the patient. This study shows the advantages and methods for immediate implant placement with immediate provisional restorations.
Les Factueurs Socioculturels de la Mendicite des Mineurs Talibes de la Commune de Parakou (Benin)
Authors: Ella Tano , Fabrice Gouthon Gilchrist , Arnauld Gbaguidi , Falone Araye Wilma
Published: October 2022

La ville de Parakou à l’instar de nombreuses villes africaines est caractérisée par une croissance démographique importante. Outre cet aspect, certains enfants s’adonnent à l’activité illicite telle que la mendicité. Cet article qui traite du phénomène de la mendicité des enfants mineurs, s’appuie sur les données empiriques qualitatives auprès des maîtres coraniques, des enfants talibés, d’un Centre de Promotion Social (CPS) et deux anciens talibés de la commune de Parakou. Les résultats ont révélé que confrontés à la pauvreté, certains parents n’arrivent plus à subvenir aux besoins de leur progéniture. La croyance religieuse des parents permet de confier les enfants à l’école coranique à des fins d’apprentissages du Coran. Le respect et les vertus associés à l’image du maître coranique lui valent la confiance absolue des parents d’enfants. Cependant, l’étude a aussi révélé que ces enfants sous la responsabilité du maitre coranique mendient pour satisfaire ses exigences et pour manger à leur faim. Cette pratique vise davantage à exploiter les enfants qu’à les éduquer. Un système de reconversion de ces enfants avec l’implication de tous les acteurs permettrait de réduire considérablement ce phénomène.
The socioeconomic impact of Covid-19 in low- and middle-income countries: A synthesis of learning from the Covid-19 Responses for Equity Programme
Authors: Bolton Laura , Georgalakis James
Published: October 2022

This report provides a snapshot of the research undertaken and published by members of the IDRC-supported CORE programme. It sets out the main themes addressed by the research in relation to Covid-19 impacts on industries, sectors and socioeconomic groups in locations across Africa, Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. This includes both descriptions of how the pandemic has affected the lives of people from marginalised and excluded communities, and the efficacy of policy responses to the pandemic. Much of the learning arising from this ongoing research has implications for the pandemic response in different contexts, for building resilience against future shocks, and for the challenges of undertaking applied research during a global health emergency. Given the diverse spread of the 21 projects rapidly mobilised by the IDRC across 42 countries during the early stages of the pandemic, this summary of findings is, by its very nature, far more focused on some areas and geographies than others; it in no way claims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic impact of Covid-19. Nonetheless, it does provide some important learning for researchers, policy actors and practitioners seeking to build back better in the wake of an unprecedented global health emergency.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Funding Types for CSOs
Authors: Megersa Kelbesa
Published: October 2022

Donors and civil society organisations (CSOs) have a shared interest in having an effective way of funding CSO projects or programmes – as well as an efficient and transparent process for awarding grants. CSOs that are looking for development financing generally prefer less bureaucracy from donors, simpler rules, and a shorter wait between the date they apply for funding and when they actually obtain their contract and payment. Many CSOs also often emphasise the importance of fair, transparent procedures providing opportunities to a wide variety of CSOs via a suitable mix of funding modalities (Webb et al., 2020; CONCORDE, 2020; FCDO, 2022; Wieners, 2022; Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018).
Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Lucas Brian
Published: October 2022

Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANT-BASED DIET ON REDUCING THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Rahmah Farahdina Amelia , Masithoh Amalia , Husna Asri Fatikhatul , Fadhila Annisa Rahma , Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Wahyurin Izka Sofiyya
Published: October 2022

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) disease in Indonesia is still classified as high. Dietary pattern is a factor that affects the occurrence of T2DM, hence patients' dietary pattern must be monitored to avoid further health complications. One of the interventions that can be applied is a plant-based diet, with a consumption pattern of plant-food such as fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed. The aim of this literature study is to identify the effectiveness of plant-based diet in patients with T2DM. This study was conducted using literature review method that resulted in six relevant journals within the last ten years from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. The results of this study show that a plant-based diet affects weight loss, body mass index, blood glucose (HbA1C, fructosamine, fasting plasma glucose), and hormones (insulin, GLP-1, PYY, PP, amylin). It proves that plant-based diets have a positive impact on people with T2DM patients.
EFFECT DIFFERENCES OF 30-MINUTES VERSUS 60-MINUTES TELE-EXERCISE ON FITNESS LEVEL OF OBESE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Kuswari Mury , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Hardinsyah Hardinsyah , Dewi Mira , Gifari Nazhif
Published: October 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic causes lower physical activity while exercise intensity also decreases. At the same time, the stress level is increasing, causing low physical fitness level. Due to the importance of human health and company cost to increase their employees’ physical fitness level, and with regard to the limited time of office employees, this research aimed to analyze the effect of tele-exercise duration on the fitness level of obese employees. The design of this study was pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. The subjects of this research were male and female obese employees, aged 18-45 years old, from Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company in Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects then were randomly assigned to a 30-minutes exercise session group (n = 20) or 60-minutes exercise session group (n = 19). Statistical analysis included paired t-test and independent t-test to analyze differences between groups. All aspects of fitness analyzed in this study (strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance) were increased in both groups significantly (p<0.05). It was shown that 60-minutes exercise sessions improve overall aspects of fitness better than 30-minutes exercise sessions, except for cardiovascular fitness (VO2 Max). Using an independent t-test, there were no significant differences between 30-minute and 60-minute exercise sessions in terms of mean changes (p>0.05). This study showed that tele-exercise, even if it is done in a short period, 30-minute duration, may improve the overall aspect of fitness level significantly for obese employees. Moreover, in this pandemic time, this kind of program is a better alternative than face-to-face, direct exercise intervention.
COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Karantina Döneminde Çocuklarda Otoimmün Hastalıkların Sıklığının Pandemi Öncesi Döneme Göre Değişimi
Authors: KIREL Birgül , KAVAZ TUFAN Aslı , SÜLÜ Ayşe , KILIÇ YILDIRIM Gonca , CETIN Nuran , HARMANCİ Koray , UCAR Birsen , SAHİN Sabiha , SİMSEK Enver , CARMAN Kursat Bora , KILIÇ Ömer , GÖÇHASANOĞLU Eren , YEL Sumeyye Emel , ÖZEN Hülya , YÜKSEL Ersin , AYDIN Can , YARAR Coşkun
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 pandemi ve kapanma döneminde pandemik öncesi döneme kıyasla yeni başlangıçlı hastalık/otoimmün hastalıkların ataklarının sıklığını belirlemeyi amaçladık. Bu çalışmaya COVID-19 pandemisi ve kapanma döneminin bir yıl öncesi ve ilk yılı boyunca hastanemizde otoimmun hastalık tanısı ile izlenen hastalar (n = 171) (0-18 yaş arası) dahil edildi. Yeni tanı alan hasta sayısı ve otoimmun hastalığın atak sayılarının sıklıkları geriye dönük olarak araştırıldı ve iki dönem arasında sıklıklar karşılaştırıldı. Pandemi öncesi ve pandemik dönemde yeni başlangıçlı hastalık/atakların sayısı sırasıyla 111 ve 65 olarak belirlendi (p <0.001). Post-streptokal hastalık ve Henoch-Schönlein purpurası hastalarında hastaneye başvuru oranları pandemi sırasında azalırken, yeni tanı tip 1 diyabetes mellitus sıklığında önemli bir artış gözlendi. Minimal lezyon hastalığı, sistemik lupus eritematozus, Guillain Barre sendromu (GBS) ve multipl skleroz için başvuru sıklığı iki dönem arasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermedi. Hastaların hiçbirine COVID-19 teşhisi konmadı. COVID-19 pandemisi ve kapanma dönemi boyunca, Henoch-Schönlein purpurası ve post-streptokal hastalık gibi otoimmun hastalıkların sıklıkları, otoimmun hastalık etiyolojisi ve seyrinde infeksiyöz ajanların rol oynadığını destekleyecek şekilde önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Bu durum izolasyon ve hijyen ölçümlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu dönemde tip 1 diyabet mellitus sıklığının artmış sıklığı, enfeksiyonlar dışındaki faktörlerin hastalığın etiopatogenezinde etkili olabileceğini veya koruyucu ajanların veya etkilerinin azalmış olabileceğini veya değişebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Ana Bilim Dalına 2015 İle 2019 Yılları Arasında Başvuran Ensest Vakalarının Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YETİŞ Yeşim , KILIBOZ Tuğrul , GÜNEŞ Ayhan , DOĞAN Beycan , ERBİL Ali Deniz , KARBEYAZ Kenan
Published: October 2022

Ensest, geleneksel olarak akrabalığı olan aile bireyleri arasındaki ilişki olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2015-2019 yılları arasındaki 5 yıllık dönemde adli makamlar tarafından Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Ana Bilim Dalı’ndan adli rapor istenilen ensest olgular çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Olgular yaş, cinsiyet, mağdur-sanığın eğitim ve iş durumu, ikamet edilen yer, mağdur sanık arasındaki ilişki, eylemin gerçekleştiği yer, hamilelik durumu, ilk başvuru süresi, eylemin aşaması açısından değerlendirilmiştir. 2015-2019 yılları arasında Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adli Ana Bilim Dalı’nca rapor düzenlenen 661 cinsel saldırı olgusunun 64’ünün ensest olduğu belirlenmiştir. Olguların 9’unun (% 14,1) erkek, 55’inin (% 85,9) kadın olduğu saptanmış olup mağdurların en küçüğünün 8, en büyüğünün 32 yaşında olduğu ve yaş ortalamalarının 15.4±5.1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. 17 mağdurun (% 26,6) ise 12 yaşını doldurmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada Adli Tıp Ana Bilim Dalımıza yansıyan ensest olgularının özelliklerinin literatürle uyumlu bulunmuştur. Ensest ile ilgili daha fazla makale sunulması gerektiği düşünülmüştür.
El proyecto de Innovación Agropecuaria Local y su contribución a la seguridad alimentaria en Cabaiguán
Authors: Guevara Reyes Onelia , Cruz Soriano Raquel de la , Hernández Somoza Francisco
Published: October 2022

La innovación agropecuaria local es clave en el desarrollo de niveles productivos en el logro de la seguridad alimentaria de cada territorio, el Proyecto de Innovación Agropecuaria Local contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en Cabaiguán. La metodología de ejecución del Proyecto y el procedimiento para la capacitación agropecuaria, mediante el aprendizaje en la acción; en los grupos de aprendizaje se planifican las acciones, las implementan, reflexionan sobre las lecciones aprendidas y re-planifica el próximo ciclo de aprendizaje. Se lograron impactos: mayor eficiencia en los participantes (cooperativas, fincas), aumento del rendimiento de las producciones y de la diversidad de especies vegetales y animales.
Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus Phage Rih21 and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ghayyib Arif Abbas , Ahmed Ibrahim A. , Ahmed Hamid K.
Published: October 2022

From the hospital wastewater, a novel bacteriophage was isolated and characterized. According to characterization properties, this bacteriophage belongs to the Siphoviridae family, the maximum bacteriophage titer was recorded at 37°C and a pH of 7.2, had a 44,789 bp linear double-strand DNA genome, and within the genome sequence, there are 61 genes, all of which are encoded into proteins. Although this bacteriophage does not have any virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes and had specific lytic activity against some antimicrobial resistance S. aureus clinical isolates.
Metallothionein Expression as Physiological Response Against Metal Toxicity in the Striped Rockcod Trematomus hansoni
Authors: Bakiu Rigers , Pacchini Sara , Piva Elisabetta , Schumann Sophia , Tolomeo Anna Maria , Ferro Diana , Irato Paola , Santovito Gianfranco
Published: October 2022

Metal bioaccumulation and metallothionein (MT) expression were investigated in gills and liver of the red-blooded Antarctic teleost Trematomus hansoni with the aim to evaluate the possibility for this species to face, with adequate physiological responses, an increase of copper or cadmium concentrations in the environment. Specimens of this Antarctic fish were collected from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) and used for a metal exposure experiment in controlled laboratory condi-tions. The two treatments lead to a significant accumulation of both metals and an increase of gene transcription only for the MT-1. The biosynthesis of MTs was verified especially in speci-mens exposed to Cd, but the majority of these proteins were soon oxidized, probably because they were involved in cell protection against the risk of oxidative stress, by reactive oxygen spe-cies scavenging. The obtained data highlighted the phenotypic plasticity of T. hansoni, a species evolved in an environment characterized by natural high concentrations of Cu and Cd, and maybe the possibility for the Antarctic fish to face the challenges of a world that is becoming every day more toxic.
Prenatal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Growth Parameters
Authors: Sram Radim , Solansky Ivo , Pastorkova Anna , Veleminsky, Jr. Milos , Veleminsky Milos , Urbancova Katerina , Dvorakova Darina , Pulkrabova Jana
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: The impact of prenatal exposure to polycyclicaromatic 17 hydrocarbons (PAHs) on birth outcomes as weight, length, head circumference, placenta 18 weight, and Apgar. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of children born in the years 2013 and 19 2014 in Karvina (Northern Moravia, N=144) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia, 20 N=198), were studied for the relationship between the prenatal exposure to PAHs and growth 21 parameters up to two years of age. PAHs exposure was evaluated according to the concentration 22 of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in polluted air and monohydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) 23 in urine of newborns as well as their mothers. Data of growth parameters were obtained from 24 pediatric questionnaires up to 24 months. 25 Results: Concentrations of B[a]P were significantly higher in Karvina (p<0.001). OH-26 PAH metabolites were significantly higher in the mothers´ as well as in the newborns´ urine in 27 Karvina. The length was shorter in newborns in Karvina at birth (p<0.001), but this difference 28 was straightened out during next 3 to 24 months. Birth weight at the delivery did not differ 29 between newborns in Karvina and Ceske Budejovice. Newborns in both locations significantly 30 decreased their weight gain between birth and 3 months after delivery. OH-PAHs metabolites 31 in mother’s or newborn’s urine did not affect birth weight. Top 25% values of concentrations 32 of 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-33 PHEN, and the sum of all-OH-PAHs higher than median in the newborns´ urine decreased their 34 length. 2-OH-PHEN top 25% of concentrations in the newborns´ urine decreased their head 35 circumference, 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-36 PHEN, 4-OH-PHEN, 9-OH-PHEN, 1-OH-PYR, and all-OH-PAHs decreased placenta weight; 37 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-38 PHEN, and all-OH-PAHs decreased Apgar 5´. Conclusions: We observed that higher 39 concentration of PAHs determined as OH-PAHs metabolites in newborns´ urine decreased their 40 length, head circumference, placenta weight, and Apgar 5´, but did not affect birth weight.
Genetic Diversity and Possible Origins of the Hepatitis B Virus in Siberian Natives
Authors: Manuylov Victor , Chulanov Vladimir , Bezuglova Ludmila , Chub Elena , Karlsen Anastasia , Kyuregyan Karen , Ostankova Yulia , Semenov Alexander , Osipova Lyudmila , Tallo Tatjana , Netesova Irina , Tkachuk Artem , Gushchin Vladimir , Netesov Sergey , Magnius Lars O. , Norder Heléne
Published: October 2022

A total of 381 hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences collected from 9 groups of Siberian native populations were phylogenetically analyzed along with 179 HBV strains sampled in different urban populations of former western USSR republics and 50 strain from Central Asian republics and Mongolia. Different HBV subgenotypes predominated in various native Siberian populations. Subgenotype D1 was dominant in Altaian Kazakhs (100%), Tuvans (100%), and Teleuts (100%) of southern Siberia as well as in Dolgans and Nganasans (69%), who inhabit the polar Taimyr Peninsula. D2 was the most prevalent subgenotype in the combined group of Nenets, Komi, and Khants of the northern Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region (71%), and in Yakuts (36%) from northeastern Siberia. D3 was the main subgenotype in South Altaians (76%) and Buryats (40%) of southeastern Siberia, and in Chukchi (51%) of the Russian Far East. Subgenotype C2 was found in Taimyr (19%) and Chukchi (27%), while subgenotype A2 was common in Yakuts (33%). In contrast, D2 was dominant (56%) in urban populations of the former western USSR, and D1 (62%) in Central Asian republics and Mongolia. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the studied groups are epidemiologically isolated from each other and might have contracted HBV from different sources during the settlement of Siberia.
Towards a Healthy Car: UVC LEDs Inside Automobile HVAC Chamber Offers Effective Complementary Disinfection to Ensure Clean Cabin Air
Authors: Mariita Richard , Davis James H. , Lottridge Michelle M. , Randive Rajul V. , Witting Hauke , Yu Johannes
Published: October 2022

Vehicle HVAC systems can accumulate and recirculate highly infectious respiratory diseases via aerosols. Integrating UVC to complement automobile HVAC systems can protect occupants from developing allergies, experiencing inflammatory problems, or acquiring respiratory infectious diseases by inactivating pathogenic organisms. UVC can add little to no static pressure with minimal space, unlike mercury lamps which are larger and heavier. Additionally, UVC LEDs are effective at low voltage and have no mercury or glass. While previous experiments have shown UVC LED technology can reduce bacteriophage Phi6 concentrations by 1 log in 5 minutes (selected as the average time to clean the cabin air), those studies had not positioned LED within the HVAC itself or studied the susceptibility of the surrogate at the specific wavelength. This study aimed to assess the disinfection performance of UVC LEDs in automotive HVAC systems and determine the dose-response curve for bacteriophage Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate. To achieve this, UVC LEDs were installed in a car HVAC system. To determine inactivation efficacy, a model chamber of 3.5 m3, replicating the typical volume of a car, containing the modified automobile HVAC system was filled with bacteriophage Phi6, and the HVAC was turned on with and without the UVC LEDs being turned on. The results revealed that HVAC complemented with UVC reduced bacteriophage Phi6 levels significantly more than the HVAC alone and reduced the viral concentration in the cabin by more than 1 LRV (90% viral reduction) in less than 5 minutes. The performance after 5 minutes is expected to be significantly better against SARS-CoV-2 because of its higher sensitivity to UVC, especially at lower wavelengths (below 270 nm). HVAC alone could not achieve a 90% viral reduction of bacteriophage Phi6 in 15 minutes. Applying UVC LEDs inside an HVAC system is an effective means of quickly reducing the number of aerosolized viral particles in the chamber, by inactivating microorganisms leading to improved cabin air quality.
Minimalised Three-Dimensional Human Midbrain In Vitro Model for Neurotoxicity Evaluation of DYRK1 Inhibitors
Authors: Wan Xiao , Fagan Vincent , Brennan Paul , Ebner Daniel
Published: October 2022

The poor success rate of preclinical drugs which target the nervous system is related to the highly complex nature of brain physiology and pathophysiology. For in vitro drug screening in this field, the two-dimensional (2D) approach - where cells are incubated in a monolayer - is not physiologically relevant. In contrast, in vivo rodent models are very low throughput and expensive. As such, improved, well-characterised three dimensional (3D) in vitro models should be employed to bridge the gap between 2D in vitro primary screening and rodent models by incorporating aspects of the in vivo brain environment. These key features include the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a multidimensional relationship of supporting cells. In this study, a neural progenitor cell line was differentiated into the main types of cells found in brain, including neurons and astrocytes. This model was designed in a 3D extracellular matrix replacement in a minimalised manner. Different culture formats using multi-well plates were explored and a high-throughput cellular imaging platform was applied. Next, we applied this model to assess neural toxicity of a newly synthesised dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1) inhibitor derived from natural compounds, which is structurally related to a natural DYRK1A inhibitor harmine, K04179. Chemical studies have already shown that K04179 has higher specificity to DYRK1A compared with previously reported DYRK1 inhibitors, such as INDY. We have produced the first report of the biological effects of this new compound on the new 3D minimalised mid-brain model with quantification of both neuronal and astrocyte populations in tandem, revealing differential toxic effects of DYRK1 inhibitor compounds K04179 and INDY on neurons and glia.
Identification of Promising Research Issues in the Digital Industry Topic by Analyzing Scopus Bibliometric Data for 2018–2022
Authors: Chigarev Boris
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to identifying promising research issues on the topic of Digital Industry based on the analysis of bibliometric data from Scopus platform for 2018–2022. The definition of promising issues derived from the titles, additionally abstracts, of highly cited works by authors with high publication activity. Authors' Scopus profiles were used to determine their affiliations, which are important for in-depth analysis of selected promising Digital Industry tasks. Metadata filtering to identify highly cited papers on particular issues was performed by keywords, Subject Areas, affiliations with countries and sponsoring organizations. Additionally, bibliometric metadata were clustered based on the co-occurrence of terms using VOSviewer. Within these clusters, articles of interest were identified for the formulation of promising research issues on the topic of Digital Industry, which will be subjected to in-depth analysis in separate papers.