bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Human MAD2B in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Leads to Chemosensitization to DNA-Damaging Agents
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Chun Abel C.S. , Wang Qi , Deng Wen , Hu Liang , Guan Xin-Yuan , Nicholls John M. , Ling Ming-Tat , Chuan Wong Yong , Wah Tsao Sai , Jin Dong-Yan , Wang Xianghong
Published: April 2006

Rev7p has been suggested to play an important role in regulating DNA damage response in yeast, and recently, the human homologue (i.e., MAD2B) has been identified, which shares significant homology to the mitotic checkpoint protein MAD2. In this study, we investigated whether MAD2B played a key role in cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer drugs by suppressing its expression using RNA interference in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Using colony formation assay, we found that suppression of MAD2B conferred hypersensitivity to a range of DNA-damaging agents, especially DNA cross-linkers, such as cisplatin, and γ-irradiation. This effect was associated with reduced frequencies of spontaneous and drug-induced mutations, elevated phosphorylation of histone H2AX, and markedly increased chromosomal aberrations in response to DNA damage. In addition, there was also a significant decrease in cisplatin-induced sister chromatid exchange rate, a marker for homologous recombination-mediated post-replication repair in MAD2B-depleted cells. These results indicate that MAD2B may be a key factor in regulating cellular response to DNA damage in cancer cells. Our findings reveal a novel strategy for cancer therapy, in which cancer cells are sensitized to DNA-damaging anticancer drugs through inactivation of the MAD2B gene. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4357-67)
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Events and Expression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in Epithelial Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Babbage Gavin , Ottensmeier Christian H. , Blaydes Jeremy , Stevenson Freda K. , Sahota Surinder S.
Published: April 2006

When cells transform, phenotypic and genetic profiles can be dramatically altered. Nevertheless, a recent report identifying IgG in breast cancer cells was unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated with B lymphocytes. To extend these findings, we focused on immunoglobulin variable (V) region gene analysis using well-defined breast cancer cell lines expressing the epithelial marker, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). VH gene transcripts were identifiable by nested reverse transcription-PCR either as single or dual V, diversity (D), and joining (J) rearrangements in four of six lines, most being potentially functional. V(D)J transcripts were observed in sequential cultures, indicating stable expression. To exclude coexisting lymphocytes, each cell line was shown to be EBV negative, with CD19/CD20 and cytoplasmic/surface immunoglobulin also absent by flow cytometry. Identified VH transcripts were then sought in individual tumor cells, isolated as EpCAM+ single cells by flow cytometry. Importantly, in three of three selected cell lines, VH genes were identifiable in a significant fraction (∼32%) of single cells. In five of six identified VH genes, somatic mutations were apparent with no intraclonal variation, indicating cessation of mutational activity. VH transcripts were pre- and post-isotype switch, with activation of switch events evident from expressed germ-line switch transcripts in two of six lines. Strikingly, six of six cell lines expressed activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) essential for mutational and switch activity. These data suggest either a de novo rearrangement and modification of VH genes in epithelial tumor cells or assimilation of lymphocyte-derived chromatin. Constitutive AID activation in malignant epithelial cells further raises a potential for inducing aberrant mutational activity. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3996-4000)
Duration but not Intensity of Alcohol and Tobacco Exposure Predicts p16INK4A Homozygous Deletion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kraunz Kim S. , McClean Michael D. , Nelson Heather H. , Peters Edward , Calderon Henry , Kelsey Karl T.
Published: April 2006

In tobacco-associated solid tumors, evidence suggests that the pattern of carcinogen exposure is related to the nature of somatic gene inactivation within crucial pathways, including the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway. One somatic event in this pathway, homozygous deletion of the p16INK4A gene, is commonly observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Alcohol and tobacco are both well-established risk factors for HNSCC but there has been little characterization of the relationship of exposure to these carcinogens and inactivation of the p16INK4A gene. Hypothesizing that p16INK4A homozygous deletion is associated with tobacco and alcohol exposure, we investigated 330 consecutive HNSCC tumors. The odds ratio (OR) for p16INK4A homozygous deletion among alcohol consumers in the upper tertile (>43 years used) was 5.2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.1-12.8] as compared with those with ≤43 years of alcohol consumption. Intensity of alcohol exposure, measured as average alcoholic drinks per week, was not associated with gene deletion. When we examined the distribution of duration of tobacco use, the OR for p16INK4A homozygous deletion was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.5-3.0) and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.9-4.0) for 29 to 39 years and >39 years of tobacco smoking, respectively, as compared with those that smoked ≤28 years. As in the case of alcohol use, intensity of tobacco exposure (measured as packs per day) was not associated with gene deletion. Hence, the duration of alcohol use and duration of smoking, but not intensity of either, significantly predicted p16INK4A homozygous deletion in HNSCC. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4512-5)
Cohypermethylation of p16 and FHIT Promoters as a Prognostic Factor of Recurrence in Surgically Resected Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Jin Seuk , Kim Jin Wook , Han Joungho , Shim Young Mog , Park Joobae , Kim Duk-Hwan
Published: April 2006

Despite advances in the detection and treatment of lung cancer, the prognosis for patients with lung cancer is poor, partly as a result of recurrences. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between recurrence and survival in patients with non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), and the promoter methylation of p16, GSTP1, FHIT, H-cadherin, and RARβ2 genes to identify a prognostic molecular marker associated with the recurrence of NSCLC. Methylation status from 335 paraffin blocks was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Of the 335 NSCLC samples, promoter methylation was detected in 35% for p16, 39% for RARβ2, 42% for H-cadherin, 7% for GSTP1, and 21% for FHIT. Recurrence was observed in 39% (132 of 335) of the patients. Recurrence was significantly associated with histology (P = 0.001) and pathologic stage (P = 0.009). Hypermethylation of any single gene was not associated with recurrence in patients. However, cohypermethylation of p16 and FHIT genes in stage I NSCLCs was associated with an increased risk of recurrence [odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-20.19; P = 0.02] and poor recurrence-free survival after surgery (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.09-6.23; P = 0.02). In addition, their survival after recurrence was also 4.62 times poorer (95% CI, 1.27-16.48; P = 0.005) than for those without cohypermethylation of both genes. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cohypermethylation of p16 and FHIT genes in patients with stage I NSCLC may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the recurrence-associated prognosis of the disease. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4049-54)
Adoptive Transfer of Type 1 CTL Mediates Effective Anti–Central Nervous System Tumor Response: Critical Roles of IFN-Inducible Protein-10
Authors: Nishimura Fumihiko , Dusak Jill E. , Eguchi Junichi , Zhu Xinmei , Gambotto Andrea , Storkus Walter J. , Okada Hideho
Published: April 2006

The development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) tumors requires a firm understanding of factors regulating the trafficking of tumor antigen–specific CTLs into CNS tumor lesions. Using C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) ovalbumin-transfected melanoma (M05), we evaluated the efficacy and tumor homing of i.v. transferred type 1 or 2 CTLs (Tc1 or Tc2, respectively) prepared from ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor–transgenic OT-1 mice. We also tested our hypothesis that intratumoral (i.t.) delivery of dendritic cells that had been transduced with IFN-α cDNA (DC-IFN-α) would enhance the tumor-homing and antitumor effectiveness of adoptively transferred Tc1 via induction of an IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). In vitro, DC-IFN-α induced IP-10 production by M05 and enhanced the cytolytic activity of Tc1. In vivo, i.v. transferred Tc1 trafficked efficiently into i.c. M05 and mediated antitumor responses more effectively than Tc2, and their effect was IP-10 dependent. I.t. injections of DC-IFN-α remarkably enhanced the tumor homing, therapeutic efficacy, and in situ IFN-γ production of i.v. delivered Tc1, resulting in the long-term survival and persistence of systemic ovalbumin-specific immunity. These data suggest that Tc1-based adoptive transfer therapy may represent an effective modality for CNS tumors, particularly when combined with strategies that promote a type 1 polarized tumor microenvironment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4478-87)
Development of Real-time Subcellular Dynamic Multicolor Imaging of Cancer-Cell Trafficking in Live Mice with a Variable-Magnification Whole-Mouse Imaging System
Authors: Yamauchi Kensuke , Yang Meng , Jiang Ping , Xu Mingxu , Yamamoto Norio , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Tomita Katsuro , Moossa Abdool R. , Bouvet Michael , Hoffman Robert M.
Published: April 2006

With the use of dual-color fluorescent cells and a highly sensitive whole-mouse imaging system with both macro-optics and micro-optics, we report here the development of subcellular real-time imaging of cancer cell trafficking in live mice. To observe cytoplasmic and nuclear dynamics in the living mouse, tumor cells were labeled in the nucleus with green fluorescent protein and with red fluorescent protein in the cytoplasm. Dual-color cancer cells were injected by a vascular route in an abdominal skin flap in nude mice. The mice were imaged with an Olympus OV100 whole-mouse imaging system with a sensitive CCD camera and five objective lenses, parcentered and parfocal, enabling imaging from macrocellular to subcellular. We observed the nuclear and cytoplasmic behavior of cancer cells in real time in blood vessels as they moved by various means or adhered to the vessel surface in the abdominal skin flap. During extravasation, real-time dual-color imaging showed that cytoplasmic processes of the cancer cells exited the vessels first, with nuclei following along the cytoplasmic projections. Both cytoplasm and nuclei underwent deformation during extravasation. Different cancer cell lines seemed to strongly vary in their ability to extravasate. With the dual-color cancer cells and the highly sensitive whole-mouse imaging system described here, the subcellular dynamics of cancer metastasis can now be observed in live mice in real time. This imaging technology will enable further understanding of the critical steps of metastasis and provide visible targets for antimetastasis drug development. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4208-14)
Phase I Trial of a Novel Intradermal Idiotype Vaccine in Patients with Advanced B-Cell Lymphoma: Specific Immune Responses Despite Profound Immunosuppression
Authors: Bertinetti Cristina , Zirlik Katja , Heining-Mikesch Kristina , Ihorst Gabriele , Dierbach Heide , Waller Cornelius F. , Veelken Hendrik
Published: April 2006

The immunoglobulin receptor of B-cell lymphomas constitutes a specific tumor antigen (idiotype) and a target for active immunotherapy. Encouraging results have been reported in phase II trials after s.c. vaccination of follicular lymphoma patients during clinical remission with idiotype produced from eukaryotic cell lines and coupled to an immunogenic carrier macromolecule. We have developed a good manufacturing protocol for rapid expression of idiotype vaccines as recombinant Fab fragments in Escherichia coli. The objectives of this trial were to show safety and feasibility of intradermal immunization with this vaccine and to investigate whether immune responses were induced by this immunization route. Patients (n = 18) with advanced B-cell malignancies received repetitive intradermal vaccinations with 0.5 to 1.65 mg recombinant idiotype Fab fragment mixed with lipid-based adjuvant in combination with 150 μg granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor s.c. at the same location. The patients' immune status was assessed by flow cytometry of peripheral blood lymphocytes and concomitant hepatitis B vaccination. Cellular and humoral immune responses to the vaccine were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and ELISA. Side effects of a total of 65 vaccinations were mild and did not affect the immunization schedule. No patient developed hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) after two hepatitis B immunizations. Of 17 evaluable patients, five developed specific anti-vaccine antibodies, and eight developed anti-Fab T-cell responses. T-cell reactivity was independent of the cellular immune status and was idiotype specific as shown by statistical regression analysis (P = 0.0024) and epitope mapping studies. Intradermal administration of uncoupled recombinant idiotype with appropriate adjuvants may overcome profound clinical immunosuppression and induce specific immune responses. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4496-502)
A Hypermutation Phenotype and Somatic MSH6 Mutations in Recurrent Human Malignant Gliomas after Alkylator Chemotherapy
Authors: Hunter Chris , Smith Raffaella , Cahill Daniel P. , Stephens Philip , Stevens Claire , Teague Jon , Greenman Chris , Edkins Sarah , Bignell Graham , Davies Helen , O'Meara Sarah , Parker Adrian , Avis Tim , Barthorpe Syd , Brackenbury Lisa , Buck Gemma , Butler Adam , Clements Jody , Cole Jennifer , Dicks Ed , Forbes Simon , Gorton Matthew , Gray Kristian , Halliday Kelly , Harrison Rachel , Hills Katy , Hinton Jonathon , Jenkinson Andy , Jones David , Kosmidou Vivienne , Laman Ross , Lugg Richard , Menzies Andrew , Perry Janet , Petty Robert , Raine Keiran , Richardson David , Shepherd Rebecca , Small Alexandra , Solomon Helen , Tofts Calli , Varian Jennifer , West Sofie , Widaa Sara , Yates Andy , Easton Douglas F. , Riggins Gregory , Roy Jennifer E. , Levine Kymberly K. , Mueller Wolf , Batchelor Tracy T. , Louis David N. , Stratton Michael R. , Futreal P. Andrew , Wooster Richard
Published: April 2006

Malignant gliomas have a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care for these cancers consists of extended adjuvant treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Although a statistically significant increase in survival has been reported with this regimen, nearly all gliomas recur and become insensitive to further treatment with this class of agents. We sequenced 500 kb of genomic DNA corresponding to the kinase domains of 518 protein kinases in each of nine gliomas. Large numbers of somatic mutations were observed in two gliomas recurrent after alkylating agent treatment. The pattern of mutations in these cases showed strong similarity to that induced by alkylating agents in experimental systems. Further investigation revealed inactivating somatic mutations of the mismatch repair gene MSH6 in each case. We propose that inactivating somatic mutations of MSH6 confer resistance to alkylating agents in gliomas in vivo and concurrently unleash accelerated mutagenesis in resistant clones as a consequence of continued exposure to alkylating agents in the presence of defective mismatch repair. The evidence therefore suggests that when MSH6 is inactivated in gliomas, alkylating agents convert from induction of tumor cell death to promotion of neoplastic progression. These observations highlight the potential of large scale sequencing for revealing and elucidating mutagenic processes operative in individual human cancers. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3987-91)
Sensitivity of High-Resolution Forecasts Using the Adjoint Technique at the 10-km Scale
Authors: Soci Cornel , Fischer Claude , Horányi András
Published: April 2006

This paper provides an experimental framework designed to assess the performance and the evolution of the diabatic Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN) adjoint model at 10-km grid size. Numerical experiments are carried out with the goal of evaluating the adjoint model solutions and the benefit of employing a complex linearized physical parameterization package in the gradient computation. Sensitivity studies with respect to initial conditions at high resolution on real meteorological events are performed. Numerical results obtained in the gradient computations show that, at high resolution, a strong nonlinear flow over complex orography might be a potential source of numerical instability in the absence of a robust dissipative physics employed in the adjoint model. Also, the scheme of the linearized large-scale precipitation is a source of noise in precipitating areas. The results on one particular case suggest that on the one hand the adjoint model is able to capture the dynamically sensitive area, but on the other hand the subsequent sensitivity forecast is more sensitive to the sign and the amplitude of the initial state perturbation rather than the structure of the gradient field.
A Diagnostic Study of a Retreating Mei-Yu Front and the Accompanying Low-Level Jet Formation and Intensification
Authors: Chen George Tai-Jen , Wang Chung-Chieh , Lin Li-Fen
Published: April 2006

During 7–8 June 1998, an organized mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed within the mei-yu frontal cloud band and moved northeastward to produce heavy rain over the island of Taiwan. During this period, the section of the mei-yu front east of Taiwan moved northward, most significantly for about 300 km over 12 h. Meanwhile, a low-level jet (LLJ) developed within the environmental southwesterly flow to the south of the mei-yu front and the MCS.

Observations revealed that the front retreated as low-level meridional wind components over the postfrontal region shifted from northerly to southerly. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses with piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion technique and other methods, a diagnostic study was carried out to investigate the northward frontal movement and the formation of the LLJ.

Results indicated that diabatic latent heating from the MCS, large enough in scale, generated positive PV and height fall at low levels. The enhanced height gradient induced northwestward-directed ageostrophic winds and the LLJ formed southeast of the MCS through Coriolis torque. The southwesterly flow associated with this diabatic PV perturbation led to rapid retreat of the frontal segment east of Taiwan at a speed of about 25 m s−1, while the movement was dominated by horizontal advection in the present case. During this process of readjustment toward geostrophy, a thermally indirect circulation also appeared over and south of the front, and the LLJ formed within its lower branch at 850 hPa. The enhanced southwesterly winds reached LLJ strength because they were superimposed upon a background monsoon flow at the same direction. To the lee of Taiwan, the topography also played the role in enhancing local wind speed at lower levels and contributed toward the frontal retreat at nearby regions.
The Ability of MM5 to Simulate Ice Clouds: Systematic Comparison between Simulated and Measured Fluxes and Lidar/Radar Profiles at the SIRTA Atmospheric Observatory
Authors: Chiriaco M. , Vautard R. , Chepfer H. , Haeffelin M. , Dudhia J. , Wanherdrick Y. , Morille Y. , Protat A.
Published: April 2006

The ability of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) to simulate midlatitude ice clouds is evaluated. Model outputs are compared to long-term meteorological measurements by active (radar and lidar) and passive (infrared and visible fluxes) remote sensing collected at an atmospheric observatory near Paris, France. The goal is to understand which of four microphysical schemes is best suited to simulate midlatitude ice clouds. The methodology consists of simulating instrument observables from the model outputs without any profile inversion, which allows the authors to use fewer assumptions on microphysical and optical properties of ice particles.

Among the four schemes compared in the current study, the best observation-to-simulations scores are obtained with Reisner et al. provided that the particles’ sedimentation velocity from Heymsfield and Donner is used instead of that originally proposed. For this last scheme, the model gives results close to the measurements for clouds with medium optical depth of typically 1 to 3, whatever the season. In this configuration, MM5 simulates the presence of midlatitude ice clouds in more than 65% of the authors’ selection of observed cloud cases. In 35% of the cases, the simulated clouds are too persistent whatever the microphysical scheme and tend to produce too much solid water (ice and snow) and not enough liquid water.
Bow Echo Sensitivity to Ambient Moisture and Cold Pool Strength
Authors: James Richard P. , Markowski Paul M. , Fritsch J. Michael
Published: April 2006

Bow echo development within quasi-linear convective systems is investigated using a storm-scale numerical model. A strong sensitivity to the ambient water vapor mixing ratio is demonstrated. Relatively dry conditions at low and midlevels favor intense cold-air production and strong cold pool development, leading to upshear-tilted, “slab-like” convection for various magnitudes of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and low-level shear. High relative humidity in the environment tends to reduce the rate of production of cold air, leading to weak cold pools and downshear-tilted convective systems, with primarily cell-scale three-dimensionality in the convective region. At intermediate moisture contents, long-lived, coherent bowing segments are generated within the convective line. In general, the scale of the coherent three-dimensional structures increases with increasing cold pool strength.

The bowing lines are characterized in their developing and mature stages by segments of the convective line measuring 15–40 km in length over which the cold pool is much stronger than at other locations along the line. The growth of bow echo structures within a linear convective system appears to depend critically on the local strengthening of the cold pool to the extent that the convection becomes locally upshear tilted. A positive feedback process is thereby initiated, allowing the intensification of the bow echo. If the environment favors an excessively strong cold pool, however, the entire line becomes uniformly upshear tilted relatively quickly, and the along-line heterogeneity of the bowing line is lost.
Surface Heat Fluxes over Global Oceans Exclusively from Satellite Observations
Authors: Singh Randhir , Kishtawal C. M. , Pal P. K. , Joshi P. C.
Published: April 2006

A new approach is introduced for determining surface latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) over the global oceans exclusively from satellite observations. Measurements of wind speed (U), sea surface temperature (SST), near surface specific humidity (Qa), and air–sea temperature difference (ΔT = SST − Ta) are required for computing these fluxes by bulk formulas. To compute the heat fluxes exclusively from satellite data, U is obtained from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), SST is obtained from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), empirical algorithm proposed earlier is used to compute ΔT, and a new one is developed to estimate Qa. The developed empirical equation for Qa estimations is an extension of the authors’ previous method. Compared to the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (COADS), the Qa retrieved by the previous approach had a negative bias of the order of more than 2 g kg−1 over the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio during winter but had a positive bias of more than 2 g kg−1 over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal during summertime. The new empirical equation takes into account these seasonal biases over the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and the Arabian Sea. Compared to COADS observations, the Qa retrieved from the developed empirical equation has global mean root mean square error (rmse), bias, and correlation of the order of 0.55, −0.007, and 0.98 g kg−1, respectively.

Compared to COADS, the satellite-derived monthly mean LHF has global mean rmse, bias, and correlation of the order of 20, 6, and 0.97 W m−2, respectively. Likewise, satellite-derived monthly mean SHF has global mean rmse, bias, and correlations of the order of 6, 0.4, and 0.98 W m−2, respectively. The monthly fields show that the spatial patterns and seasonal variability of satellite-derived latent and sensible heat fluxes are generally good in agreement with those of the COADS and earlier satellite-derived fluxes.

Sixteen-year (January 1988–December 2003) datasets of surface heat fluxes and basic input parameters over the global oceans have been constructed using SSM/I and AVHRR data. This dataset has a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° latitude–longitude and temporal resolution of one month. This unique dataset is constructed exclusively from satellite observations, and it can be obtained from the Meteorology and Oceanography Group Space Applications Centre.
Reform of the State and the New Discourse on Social Policy in Brazil
Authors: Burity Joanildo A.
Published: April 2006

The Brazilian state and society have undergone great changes since 1995 in the direction of a new pattern of relations between them and the production of a new hegemony. These changes are reflected in to the appearance of a discourse on the nongovernment public sector and the broadening of what is understood as public territory outside the state. A type of collaboration between the state and society has developed that involves organizations of civil society with public functions, called the “third sector” to indicate their mediation between the state and the market, reinforcing the withdrawal of politics from social policy.
An Examination of Moderator Effects in the Four-Stage Loyalty Model
Authors: Evanschitzky Heiner , Wunderlich Maren
Published: April 2006

Oliver’s 1997 four-stage loyalty model proposes that loyalty consists of belief, affect, intention, and action. Although this loyalty model has recently been subject to empirical examination, the issue of moderator variables has been largely neglected. This article fills that void by analyzing the moderating effects of selected personal and situational characteristics, using a sample of 888 customers of a large do-it-yourself retailer. The results of multi-group causal analysis suggest that these moderators exert an influence on the development of the different stages of the loyalty sequence. Specifically, age, income, education and expertise, price orientation, critical incident recovery, and loyalty card membership are found to be important moderators of the links in the four-stage loyalty model. Limitations of the study are outlined, and implications for both research and managerial practice are discussed.
Should Recommendation Agents Think Like People?
Authors: Aksoy Lerzan , Bloom Paul N. , Lurie Nicholas H. , Cooil Bruce
Published: April 2006

Electronic recommendation agents have the potential to increase the level of service provided by firms operating in the online environment. Recommendation agents assist consumers in making product decisions by generating rank-ordered alternative lists based on consumer preferences. However, many of the online agents currently in use rank options in different ways than the consumers they are designed to help. Two experiments examine the role of similarity between an electronic agent and a consumer, in terms of actual similarity of attribute weights and perceived similarity of decision strategies, on the quality of consumer choices. Results indicate that it helps consumers to use a recommendation agent that thinks like them, either in terms of attribute weights or decision strategies. When agents are completely dissimilar, consumers may be no better, and sometimes worse off, using an agent’s ordered list than if they simply used a randomly ordered list of options.
Understanding Restaurant Switching Behavior from a Cultural Perspective
Authors: Lin Ingrid Yu-Hua , Mattila Anna S.
Published: April 2006

Research focusing on the impact of culture on switching behaviors is sparse. To bridge that gap, this study examined the role of culture in influencing consumers’ switching intentions, vanity-seeking, and exploratory behaviors of novelty-seeking, curiosity-seeking, and variety-seeking. In this study, the authors summarized the dominant Chinese cultural values and discussed their implications for Taiwanese subjects’ switching behaviors in the context of casual or trendy restaurants. Data from two countries (United States and Taiwan) were used to gain insight into cultural differences between Taiwanese and U.S. consumers’ dining habits. The study results indicate that Taiwanese consumers (i.e., college-aged) are more likely to switch restaurant providers and to exhibit exploratory behaviors than their U.S. counterparts. The findings also provide support for the argument that college-aged Taiwanese consumers might seek to express their individuality in consumer choices while being otherwise bounded by collectivist, core cultural values.
Economic Impact and Institutional Dynamics of Small Hotels in Tanzania
Authors: Sharma Amit
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact small hotels have toward economic development in Tanzania and to assess how institutional and policy dynamics can influence this impact. This article presents an alternative framework for developing baseline economic impact studies using reliable firm-level statistics and suggests ways to use these estimates to analyze policy and institutional support for small hotels. Results of this baseline study contribute toward the small-business literature in hospitality and tourism and economic impact assessment of individual tourism industries using primary firm-level data sets of selected but representative samples. Economic impact analysis for small businesses is sparse. Unless the economic importance of small hotels and the impact of policy and institutional factors are not presented clearly, small hospitality businesses will continue to remain outside of mainstream development planning.
The Stock Market Effects of the Sale of Live Broadcasting Rights for English Premiership Football
Authors: Gannon John , Evans Kevin , Goddard John
Published: April 2006

An analysis is reported of the short-term effects of the announcements in 1996 and 2000 of the winning bids for the live English Premiership television broadcasting rights on the share prices of British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) and several football clubs. Over time, the commercial fortunes of football and broadcasting have become increasingly intertwined. Meanwhile, a number of leading clubs have acquired stock exchange listings. The reaction of BSkyB investors to the 1996 announcement was neutral; however, among the football clubs the reaction was favorable. BSkyB investors viewed the 2000 announcement more positively, while the football clubs' share price reaction was muted.
Dual Catalysts System Based on Nano-manganese Oxide and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube for Four-electron Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Dun , Sotomura Tadashi , Ohsaka Takeo
Published: April 2006

The dual catalysts system, in which nano-manganese oxide (nano-MnOx) is electrodeposited on multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode, efficiently catalyzes 4-electron O2 reduction in alkaline media through the redox-mediation of O2 to O2− (superoxide ion) by functional quinone groups on the MWCNT surface and the subsequent disproportionations of O2− to O2 and HO2− (hydrogen peroxide) and further HO2− to O2 and OH− catalyzed by nano-MnOx.
Equipping Students to Reduce Lead Times: The Role of Queuing-Theory-Based Modeling
Authors: de Treville Suzanne , van Ackere Ann
Published: April 2006

Time is power. A company that gets products to its customers faster than its competitors strengthens its market position; therefore management students should learn how to reduce lead times. The counterintuitive mathematical principles that drive lead time and the complex system dynamics of operations management make the skills of reducing lead times difficult to teach. Mathematical modeling (queuing-theory or simulation-based) is an effective tool for teaching these skills. In evaluating modeling approaches in the classroom, it is important to consider model quality and student affective outcomes, such as motivation and empowerment. Queuing-theory-based models increase students’ abilities to reduce lead times more than simulation-based models. Using a classic teaching case, we compare the two approaches.
Bone marrow transplantation in patients with storage diseases: a developing country experience
Authors: Lange Marcos C. , Teive Hélio A.G. , Troiano André R. , Bitencourt Marco , Funke Vaneuza A.M. , Setúbal Daniela C. , Zanis Neto José , Medeiros Carlos R. , Werneck Lineu C. , Pasquini Ricardo , Bonfim Carmen M.S.
Published: April 2006

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic option for patients with genetic storage diseases. Between 1979 and 2002, eight patients, four females and four males (1 to 13 years old) were submitted to this procedure in our center. Six patients had mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS I in 3; MPS III in one and MPS VI in 2), one had adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and one had Gaucher disease. Five patients had related and three unrelated BMT donor. Three patients developed graft versus host disease (two MPS I and one MPS VI) and died between 37 and 151 days after transplantation. Five patients survived 4 to 16 years after transplantation. Three patients improved (one MPS I; one MPS VI and the Gaucher disease patient), one patient had no disease progression (ALD) and in one patient this procedure did not change the natural course of the disease (MPS III).
A functional electric orthesis on the paretic leg improves quality of life of stroke patients
Authors: Fernandes Mara Renata , Carvalho Luciane B.C. , Prado Gilmar F.
Published: April 2006

CONTEXT: Hemiparesia changes quality of life of patients with stroke making difficult a normal life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Functional Eletric Orthesis (FEO) applied over the paretic leg in the quality of life of stroke patients. METHOD: The quality of life of 50 stroke patients of Associacao de Assistencia a Crianca Deficiente (AACD) was evaluated with SF-36 questionnaire before and after the treatment with a FEO for rehabilitation of walking. We analyzed data according to gender and affected hemisphere. RESULTS: The average values from all domains of SF-36 improved significantly (p<0.001). Female patients improved more than male in Emotional Domain (p=0.04) and presented a trend to be better regarding Bodily Pain and Social Functioning. Patients with right hemiparesia improved more than those with left hemiparesia (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: FEO over a paretic leg is efficient to improve quality of life of stroke patients, mainly Physical Functioning.
Epidemiology of primary and secondary headaches in a Brazilian tertiary-care center
Authors: Felício André Carvalho , Bichuetti Denis Bernardi , Santos William Adolfo Celso dos , Godeiro Junior Clecio de Oliveira , Marin Luis Fabiano , Carvalho Deusvenir de Souza
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the demographic features of the population sample, the time of headache complaint until first consultation and the diagnosis of primary and secondary headaches. METHOD: 3328 patients were analyzed retrospectively and divided according to gender, age, race, school instruction, onset of headache until first consultation and diagnosis(ICHD-II, 2004). RESULTS: Sex ratio (Female/Male) was 4:1, and the mean age was 40.7±15 years, without statistical differences between sexes. Approximately 65% of the patients were white and 55% had less than eight years of school instruction. Headache complaint until first consultation ranged from 1 to 5 years in 32.99% patients. The most prevalent diagnosis were migraine (37.98%), tension-type headache-TTH (22.65%) and cluster headache (2.73%). CONCLUSION: There are few data on epidemiological features of headache clinic populations, mainly in developing countries. According to the literature, migraine was more frequent than TTH. It is noteworthy the low school instruction of this sample and time patient spent to seek for specialized attention. Hypnic headache syndrome was seen with an unusual frequency.
Doppler transcraniano na prática neurológica
Authors: Zétola Viviane Flumignan , Lange Marcos Christiano , Muzzio Juliano A. , Marchioro Ivo , Nóvak Edison Mattos , Werneck Lineu C.
Published: April 2006

O Doppler transcraniano (DTC) é um método relativamente novo, descrito em 1982 por Rune Aaslid e introduzido no Brasil em 1992 por Roberto Hirsch, na Universidade de São Paulo. O serviço de Neurologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR) disponibilizou esse exame em 2001, com divulgação das principais vantagens do método no diagnóstico, seguimento e manejo terapêutico de pacientes com suspeita ou portadores de doença cerebrovascular. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como o DTC vem sendo utilizado em nosso meio e quais são as especialidades médicas que vêm absorvendo o auxílio do método. Embora diretrizes como a publicada pela Academia Americana de Neurologia em 2004 validem as indicações do DTC, estabelecendo especificidade e sensibilidade do método, verificamos que a solicitação do exame em nosso meio depende da divulgação do serviço, da implementação de linhas de pesquisa e, finalmente, do reconhecimento de sua utilidade na prática diária.
Calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada: correlação clínica em 25 pacientes consecutivos
Authors: Tedrus Glória Maria A.S. , Fonseca Lineu Corrêa , Nogueira Jr. Elizardo
Published: April 2006

Analisamos os aspectos clínicos de 25 pacientes consecutivos que apresentaram calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio. Esta ocorreu em 0,68% de todos os exames realizados no período. Vinte e três pacientes apresentavam condições clínicas diversas, a saber: cefaléia em 7 casos, acidente vascular cerebral em 5, síndrome extrapiramidal em 2, processo expansivo cerebral em 2, epilepsia, retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, demência e trauma de crânio em um caso cada ou outras condições neurológicas em 3. Não havia sintomas neurológicos em 2 casos. Em 15 pacientes (60,0%) havia, além da calcificação dos núcleos da base, outras alterações na TC. Correlação clínica foi observada apenas com as outras alterações da TC e não com a calcificação dos núcleos da base, corroborando a hipótese de que esta possa ser um achado incidental.
Intramedullary spinal cysticercosis simulating a conus medullaris tumor: case report
Authors: Guedes-Corrêa José Fernando , Macedo Ricardo Caratta , Vaitsman Rafael Pereira , Mattos Jorge Gomes de , Agra Jovita Marques
Published: April 2006

Cysticercosis is an endemic condition in many developing countries. Although it is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system, cysticercal involvement of the spinal cord is rare. It may occur as intradural extramedullary, intramedullary, intramedullary associated with intradural-extramedullary or as the vertebral presentation. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with low back pain of acute onset and no other symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intramedullary cyst of the conus medullaris region which, at pathological examination, was diagnosed as a cysticercal cyst. She refused anticysticercal agents and steroids postoperatively. After an eight-year follow-up, the patient performs the activities of her daily living with no difficulties, and annual spinal MRIs show no residual signs of the disease. Clinical, pathofisiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of spinal cord intramedullary cysticercosis are discussed.
Aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A para reduzir a saliva em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica
Authors: Manrique Dayse
Published: April 2006

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar o efeito da aplicação local Botox® em glândulas salivares de pacientes com diagnóstico de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA), seguindo nosso protocolo institucional de tratamento da sialorréia de 2002. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Cinco pacientes com ELA avaliados na Clínica de Otorrinolaringologia da AACD (Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente) foram submetidos à aplicação tópica de Botox® nas glândulas salivares e acompanhados por um ano. O protocolo consiste num questionário clínico sobre as habilidades de deglutir saliva e as repercussões na qualidade de vida. Os pacientes deveriam ter tratamento odontológico prévio, intolerância aos efeitos adversos dos anti-colinérgicos, e ausência de aplicação de. Botox® em outros sítios por pelo menos seis meses. A aplicação foi guiada por ultra-sonografia para as glândulas submandibulares e a dose administrada foi de 30U em um ponto, e 20U em cada glândula parótida distribuída em dois pontos, após anestesia tópica com prilocaína. RESULTADOS: Cinco pacientes com ELA, com idade entre 45 e 59 anos foram submetidos ao tratamento de redução de saliva pela aplicação de Botox® em glândulas salivares. Nós observamos que os sintomas de sialorréia melhoraram dramaticamente em quatro pacientes. Três pacientes permaneceram quatro meses sem queixas, com acentuada melhora na qualidade de vida. Nenhum paciente apresentou efeitos colaterais locais ou sistêmicos com a aplicação de Botox® em glândulas salivares. Nós observamos que os sintomas de sialorréia melhoraram dramaticamente em quatro pacientes. Três pacientes permaneceram quatro meses sem queixas, com acentuada melhora na qualidade de vida. Nenhum paciente apresentou efeitos colaterais locais ou sistêmicos com a aplicação de Botox® em glândulas salivares.
Influência da dieta hiperglicêmica e do diabetes aloxânico sobre a vitalidade do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, em camundongos experimentalmente infectados
Authors: Magalhães Luiz Augusto , Guaraldo Ana Maria Aparecida , Bastos Othon de Carvalho , Boschero Antonio Carlos , Piedrabuena Aquiles Eugênico , Dottaviano Ernesto José
Published: April 2006

Foram estudados alguns efeitos da dieta rica em açúcar e do diabetes aloxânico em Mus musculus albinos infectados com Schistosoma mansoni. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) o número de granulomas nos animais tratados pela aloxana foi significativamente menor do que nos animais não tratados por esta droga; 2) é possível que nos animais tratados pela aloxana exista algum fator que prejudique o desenvolvimento e a postura dos esquistossomos.
Modificación del coeficiente peso/área del pié en relación con la agregación en Tarebia granifera
Authors: Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo Alejandro , Diéguez Fernández Lorenzo , Quirós Espinosa Angel , Herrera García Ada María
Published: April 2006

OBJETIVO: Analizar la dispersión de los ejemplares de una población de Tarebia granifera y su relación con la modificación de los parámetros morfométricos. METODOS: Se colectó por parcelas incluyendo dos tipos de substratos en condiciones opuestas de agregación y se comparó la abundancia relativa tanto entre muestreos, como entre sustratos. Se delimitaron 7 clases de alto a las cuales se les determinó el coeficiente peso/área del pié, el cual se correlacionó con la talla por clase. Se evaluó experimentalmente si los individuos con menor carga del pié tienen mayor persistencia en substratos emergidos, así como la interacción entre dos grupos de clases de alto. RESULTADOS: La diferencia de la abundancia entre los muestreos fue de t=5.874 (p<0.001) y de t=10.15 (p<0.001) entre el substrato rocoso emergido y el arenoso, sólo en condiciones de alta agregación, en las que la carga del pié de los individuos más grandes se reduce con la talla (r=-0.98, p<0.05). Experimentalmente, la abundancia de los ejemplares de tallas opuestas está mutuamente limitada (r=-0.87, p<0.01), la altura del oleaje limita la abundancia de los ejemplares menores (r=-0.94, p<0.001) siendo tolerada por los mayores (r=0.72, p<0.05). La carga promedio del pie disminuye con la altura del oleaje (r=-0.93, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Con elevada agregación los ejemplares mayores emigran hacia substratos de difícil conquista por los menores, que están limitados por la acción mecánica del medio. La disminución de la carga del pie facilita la dispersión de los individuos.
Sôbre o modêlo catalítico reversível aplicado ao estudo da cinética epidemiológica da infecção chagásica
Authors: Silva Guilherme Rodrigues da
Published: April 2006

O "modêlo catalítico reversível" foi aplicado à análise de dados de prevalência da infecção chagásica em população de duas comunidades de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil e, para efeito de comparação, a dados recentemente publicados e referentes à população de uma localidade venezuelana. Apesar dos numerosos pressupostos básicos ao modêlo, o mesmo descreve bem a cinética da infecção chagásica nas populações. A fôrça da infecção de 35 contatos anuais efetivos por mil habitantes na localidade rural venezuelana revelou-se de magnitude aproximadamente três vezes maior que a fôrça atuante nos grupos populacionais de Salvador, os quais são constituídos, na sua maioria, de migrantes internos oriundos de áreas endêmicas do Estado da Bahia. Foram apontadas algumas das possíveis aplicações práticas do modêlo catalítico reversível ao estudo da história natural da doença de Chagas.
Fatores associados à preferência por cesareana
Authors: Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Menezes Paulo Rossi
Published: April 2006

OBJETIVO: Estudar os fatores relacionados à preferência por cesariana, em gestantes sem intercorrências. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 156 gestantes, de clínica privada na cidade de Osasco, Estado de São Paulo, no período de outubro de 2000 a dezembro de 2001. As gestantes estavam em idade gestacional de 28 semanas ou mais, sem contra-indicação formal para parto vaginal, no momento da entrevista. Foi aplicado questionário sobre informações sociodemográficas, história obstétrica passada e atual. Perguntou-se à gestante questão específica sobre preferência para o parto. Realizou-se teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística para análise multivariada, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e sete (42,9%) gestantes se diziam pouco motivadas para parto vaginal. Na análise multivariada foram estatisticamente significativas as seguintes variáveis: parto vaginal prévio (p<0,001; ORaj=0,04; IC 95%=0,01-0,12); a renda do marido superior a 750 Reais mensais (p=0,006; ORaj=3,44; IC 95%=1,38-8,33). As mulheres com parto vaginal prévio apresentaram chance 25 vezes menor de optarem por cesariana. O fato de a gestante não ter considerado satisfatória a experiência do parto prévio esteve marginalmente associado ao desfecho (p=0,06; ORaj=0,42; IC 95%=0,16-1,05). CONCLUSÕES: A motivação para parto cesariano está associada a influências como tipo e grau de satisfação com o parto prévio e renda.