bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Subgroups of Cannabis Users Based on Help-Seeking Preferences: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Olthof Marleen I.A. , Blankers Matthijs , van Laar Margriet W. , Goudriaan Anna E.
Published: June 2022

Background: The majority of people with cannabis use disorder do not seek treatment. If we were able to gain more insight into different subgroups of cannabis users based on help-seeking preferences, we could use this information to inform the development and promotion of interventions targeted at specific subgroups of cannabis users, to ultimately narrow the treatment gap. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 1,015 Dutch frequent cannabis users (18–72 years) to assess their cannabis use, help-seeking preferences, psychopathology, and psychological distress. Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of cannabis users based on their help-seeking preferences. Differences between the identified classes in terms of sociodemographics, cannabis use, and psychopathology were examined. Results: We identified four classes with distinct preferences for support. Class 1 (“no support/only social,” n = 548) had a low probability of finding any form of support appealing other than social support. Class 2 (“online help,” n = 170) had relatively high probabilities of finding online help appealing. Class 3 (“GP/outpatient,” n = 208) had a relatively high probability of finding support from the general practitioner and outpatient substance use disorder treatment appealing. Class 4 (“all sources,” n = 89) had moderate to high probabilities for all sources of support. In terms of sociodemographics, differences between the classes were found with regard to gender and level of education. The classes were fairly similar with regard to cannabis use, only the “online help” class scored significantly lower on both cannabis use frequency and quantity compared to most of the other classes. In terms of psychopathology, the “GP/outpatient” class and the “all sources” class experienced more cannabis use-related problems and were more likely to report multiple past quit attempts than the “online help” class and the “no support/only social” class. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a lot of inter-individual variation in how appealing various forms of help are to cannabis users. Our findings emphasize the importance of promoting a variety of treatment modalities for cannabis users, including real-life and digital options, and indicate what might appeal to whom.
Adrenal Gland Metastasis of Breast Invasive Mucinous Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sun Dingqi , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Keqin , Zhang Hui , Diao Tongxiang , Fu Qiang
Published: June 2022

The adrenal gland is a frequent site for metastasis, and the majority of the metastatic lesions of the adrenal gland normally originate from lung cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. However, adrenal gland metastasis from breast invasive mucinous carcinoma is extremely rare. This report described a rare case of right adrenal gland metastasis in a 48-year-old female, who was diagnosed with breast invasive mucinous carcinoma and underwent right modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection 5 years previously. A mass located on the right adrenal gland was detected during a routine examination 2 months ago. The patient was asymptomatic and adrenal gland MRI revealed a mass in the right adrenal gland. Definitive preoperative diagnosis failed to be established. Right adrenal gland laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed and the diagnosis of adrenal gland metastasis of breast carcinoma was confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination, especially ER, PR, GATA3, and HER-2. The patient remained in good condition by the time of writing.
Abriendo espacios de participación virtual multimodal a jóvenes durante la pandemia covid-19
Authors: Melo-Letelier Giselle , Alfaro Nancy , Córdova Juan Pablo , Manghi Dominique , Arancibia Felipe
Published: June 2022

(analítico)Las y los estudiantes carecen de espacios para valorar sus experiencias de inclusión/exclusión escolar. La crisis sanitaria obligó a vincularnos virtualmente, sin conocer las posibilidades para el intercambio de significados digitales, representación de experiencias y movilización de relaciones interpersonales. Desde una perspectiva pedagógica, semiótica y social, este estudio analiza una sesión de un taller virtual con nueve estudiantes secundarios de tres escuelas chilenas, preguntándose sobre cómo se materializó la participación de las y los jóvenes. Con herramientas de la multimodalidad se analiza un corpus audiovisual de una cartografía virtual de espacios educativos. Se visibilizan los recursos disponibles para la participación virtual y las maneras en que fueron usados para compartir significados individuales y generar solidaridad co-construyendo relatos de inclusión/ exclusión escolar.
Palabras clave: Juventud; interacción; participación estudiantil.
Entre moralidades e visualidades: cinema e religião na Primeira República
Authors: Lapera Pedro Vinicius Asterito , Silva Felipe Davson Pereira da
Published: June 2022

Tendo como foco o consumo de filmes sacros durante a Semana Santa, este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da relação entre cinema, cultural visual e práticas religiosas durante a Primeira República, no Rio de Janeiro e no Recife. Nosso objetivo é averiguar como os espectadores, os exibidores cinematográficos e a Igreja negociavam um senso comum ligado às práticas religiosas. No tratamento das fontes, utilizou-se o paradigma indiciário, proposto por Carlo Ginzburg, método de crítica textual adequado à análise de fontes que não representam unidades discursivas. Concluímos com a verificação de algumas estratégias de negociação por parte dos exibidores, tal como a veiculação de filmes sacros em alguns dias do feriado.
Stroke Outcomes in Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Min , Amarilla Vallejo Adriana , Cantalapiedra Calvete Clara , Rudd Anthony , Wolfe Charles , O’Connell Matthew D.L. , Douiri Abdel
Published: June 2022

Background:

Limited data are available on sex-related disparities in long-term outcomes after stroke. We estimated sex differences in various stroke long-term outcomes among survivors after stroke in a prospective 25-year follow-up study.

Methods:

Individuals recruited to the South London Stroke Register, an ongoing multi-ethnic urban-based population stroke register, from 1995 onward were included in the analyses (n=6687). The outcomes were death, subsequent stroke, activity of daily living, instrumental activity of daily living, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for mortality, stroke recurrence, and recurrence-free survival by sex and Cox proportional hazards model used to model sex differences up to 25 years. Generalized estimating equation were used to model sex differences in risk of self-reported stroke outcomes over 10 years poststroke outcomes, adjusting for age, preexisting activity of daily living, case-mix, stroke subtypes, and other potential confounding risk factors.

Results:

There were 49% women (mean age, 72 years; SD, 15.6) and 51% men (mean age, 67 years; SD, 14.3) in 6687 participants. Compared with men, women had 9% (95% CI, 3%–15%) lower covariate-adjusted risk of death and 6% (0%–13%) lower risk of stroke recurrence or death. Generally, women had significantly poorer outcomes in activity of daily living and anxiety than men, and the sex differences persisted to up to 5 years after stroke. Women also had poorer health-related quality of life in physical (β=−2.06 [95% CI, −3.01 to −1.10]) and mental domains (β=−1.48 [95% CI, −2.44 to −0.52]). Although not significant, there was a suggestive trend for poorer outcomes in cognitive impairment and depression in women. No significant difference in stroke recurrence were found between men and women.

Conclusions:

Female patients with stroke tended to have better covariate-adjusted survival but poorer outcomes among survivors than male patients, with deficits persisting to up to 5 years poststroke.
Intravenous tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) Correlates With Favorable Venous Outflow Profiles in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Faizy Tobias D. , Mlynash Michael , Marks Michael P. , Christensen Soren , Kabiri Reza , Kuraitis Gabriella M. , Broocks Gabriel , Winkelmeier Laurens , Geest Vincent , Nawabi Jawed , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. , Fiehler Jens , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is often administered before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Recent studies have questioned whether tPA is necessary given the high rates of arterial recanalization achieved by EVT, but whether tPA impacts venous outflow (VO) is unknown. We investigated whether tPA improves VO profiles on baseline computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) images before EVT.

Methods:

Retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion undergoing EVT triage. Included patients underwent CT, CTA, and CT perfusion before EVT. VO profiles were determined by opacification of the vein of Labbé, sphenoparietal sinus, and superficial middle cerebral vein on CTA as 0, not visible; 1, moderate opacification; and 2, full. Pial arterial collaterals were graded on CTA, and tissue-level collaterals were assessed on CT perfusion using the hypoperfusion intensity ratio. Clinical and demographic data were determined from the electronic medical record. Using multivariable regression analysis, we determined the correlation between tPA administration and favorable VO profiles.

Results:

Seven hundred seventeen patients met inclusion criteria. Three hundred sixty-five patients received tPA (tPA+), while 352 patients were not treated with tPA (tPA−). Fewer tPA+ patients had atrial fibrillation (n=128 [35%] versus n=156 [44%];
P
=0.012) and anticoagulants/antiplatelet treatment before acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion onset (n=130 [36%] versus n=178 [52%];
P
<0.001) compared with tPA− patients. One hundred eighty-five patients (51%) in the tPA+ and 100 patients (28%) in the tPA− group exhibited favorable VO (
P
<0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that tPA administration was a strong independent predictor of favorable VO profiles (OR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.7–4.0];
P
<0.001) after control for favorable pial arterial CTA collaterals, favorable tissue-level collaterals on CT perfusion, age, presentation National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatment, history of atrial fibrillation and time from symptom onset to imaging.

Conclusions:

In patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion undergoing thrombectomy triage, tPA administration was strongly associated with the presence of favorable VO profiles.
Type of family relations among small family business entrepreneurs
Authors: Murzina Julia S. , Rusyaeva Irina A.
Published: June 2022

Background. For our country, the growth and improvement of the efficiency of small business is one of the strategic directions. However, not only financial and infrastructural factors can stimulate business growth, but also socio-psychological ones. The study of relations within families of entrepreneurs can become another direction for the development of small business in our country. Objective. The aim was to study the type of family system in terms of the parameters of adaptability and cohesion among entrepreneurs in the sphere of small family business. Design. The study was carried out using the FACES-3 method by D. Olson. The sample consisted of 129 small family business owners. Hypotheses include the following: 1) families of entrepreneurs have a balanced structure; 2) over the years of marriage, the cohesion in business families decreases; 3) the more children there are in the family, the higher the unity of family is. Results. The study of the family system types showed that 78.3% of families belong to the semi-functional type. On the scale of “Cohesion”, divided (46.5%) and united (51.9%) types dominate. On the scale of “Adaptation”, the chaotic type prevails (76%). Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed. However, we understand high randomness as a way to form continuity in a business family. Hypothesis 2 was confirmed: real family cohesion decreases with increasing age of the business owner (p = 0.01). Hypothesis 3 was confirmed: the more children there are in a business family, the higher the real family unity (p = 0.05) is. The cohesion of entrepreneurs in large families is a potential for the family’s reputation capital and the formation of financial stability in the future. Conclusion. The article formulates recommendations for the harmonization of family relations, aimed at maintaining and developing intergenerational ties. The results of the study allow us to formulate a proposal to the Family Business Centers regarding special support for large business families. The revealed patterns will help improve the demographic situation in the country and will contribute to the development of small business.
Platessa arborea sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): A new tree moss dwelling diatom from the Eastern Himalayas, India
Authors: SHERLY SHEENA , RADHAKRISHNAN CHERAN , KARTHICK BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: June 2022

Platessa arborea sp. nov. new monoraphid diatom species is described from the tree moss habitat of India’s Sikkim state from the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. This new species was described based on light and scanning electron micrographs and compared to morphologically similar taxa. Platessa arborea seems to have an affinity for the aerial habitat and has certain unique morphological features distinct from all the other Platessa species, such as its narrowly rounded apices, wide axial area, and the presence of predominantly uniseriate striae with unusually thick striae density. In India, there have been previous reports of some species from the genera Achnanthes and Cocconeis, which have been eventually transferred to the genus Platessa. However, this is the first formal documentation of the Platessa genus from India.
Settler colonialism and the archives of apprehension
Authors: Sabbagh-Khoury Areej
Published: June 2022

The ‘archival turn’ has prompted historical scholarship to reevaluate the positivist sourcing of knowledge, especially in contentious contexts. The archive’s configuration, and attendant mechanisms of classification, apprehension, and attribution indicate colonial governance just as much as inscribed histories and discourses. Scholarship on the Zionist movement in early-20th century Palestine has been slow to adopt the analytical shift from archive as source to archive as subject. This article examines archiving, forms of classification, and the organization of settler colonial history in the context of the Zionist movement’s leftist pole. Cases from the author’s fieldwork are used to introduce the term archives of apprehension: how the informational practices and anxiety over territorial reversibility that settler colonial archives are built upon in fact preserve the collective indigenous presence that colonization tries to marginalize. The article concludes by considering how historical sociology can better instrumentalize such archives to learn about the emergence and endurance of entangled settler/native socialites.
Assessing the quality of media reporting of suicide deaths in Pakistan against international guidelines
Authors: Ayub Maryam , Rafiq Bariah , Tahir Sania Mumtaz , Imran Nazish , Naveed Sadiq , Haider Imran Ijaz
Published: June 2022

Background:

In Pakistan, there is lack of official suicide data due to associated stigma and socio-cultural factors. Although, suicide incidents are regularly reported in newspapers there are no official suicide reporting guidelines.

Aims:

The aim was to study the quality of suicide reporting in Pakistani newspapers and compare it to international media guidelines.

Method:

Newspaper reports on suicide deaths were searched in four Pakistani national newspapers from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. Data was extracted using templates based on World Health Organization and Reporting on Suicide media guidelines.

Results:

There were total 2,295 suicides reported in 2 years. The word ‘suicide’ was mentioned in title of 2,113 (92.06%) reports. In 70.37% news articles, motive for suicide was reduced to a single factor. Method was mentioned in 95.6% suicides. Pictures accompanied 103 (4.4%) news reports. Only 13 (0.57%) the news stories recognized the link between substance abuse and suicide. None of the reports provided education to public about suicide or mentioned resources to seek help.

Conclusions:

The articles reporting on suicide deaths were regularly featured in Pakistani newspapers with strikingly low level of adherence to suicide reporting guidelines.
Violence re-directed: due care and the moral challenge of casualty displacement warfare
Authors: Renic Neil C , Kaempf Sebastian
Published: June 2022

In this article, we argue in favour of a conceptual expansion of the Just War idea of ‘due care’, to include the foreseeable, but indirect harm generated by Western force protection. This harm includes the phenomenon of ‘casualty displacement warfare’ – circumstances in which the prioritisation and relative success of Western force protection incentivises some Western adversaries to redirect more of their own violence away from Western soldiers and onto civilians. Primary moral responsibility for such violence should be allocated to those who violate the principle of non-combatant immunity, whatever their motivations. Critically though, we argue that Western militaries do bear some indirect culpability for the conflict conditions that structure such violence. These same militaries, we argue, are morally duty bound to do what they feasibly can to reduce the risks of casualty displacement, even if this necessitates a relaxation of their own commitment to force protection.
Orientation and mobility for children with visual impairments during COVID-19: Responses from O&M professionals to a disruption of traditional services
Authors: Fast Danene , Kaiser Justin T
Published: June 2022

After lockdowns and school closings associated with COVID-19 began throughout the United States and Canada in March 2020, this research was completed to explore how the pandemic affected access to orientation and mobility (O&M) services. Using qualititave responses from a mixed methodology study, this article reports the findings from 318 individuals, including both O&M specialists and dually certified teachers of students with visual impairments (TVIs) and O&M specialists. Four major themes emerged through data analysis, including (1) prioritization of O&M goals for students with visual impairments, (2) personal factors affecting access to O&M training, (3) access to O&M services through virtual learning, and (4) creative approaches to O&M instruction during the pandemic. Within these themes, professionals, students, and families alike were asked to assume roles that went beyond traditional expectations. Questions and concerns that professionals in the field need to consider when looking at the future of O&M services were raised as part of this research, including a number of ideas for future studies.
Combinational elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with liver injury
Authors: Yazaki Tomotaka , Tobita Hiroshi , Sato Shuichi , Miyake Tatsuya , Kataoka Masatoshi , Ishihara Shunji
Published: June 2022

Objective

We investigated the utility of combinational elastography with point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and real-time tissue elastography (RTE) for evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with liver injury.

Methods

In this prospective single-institution study, patients scheduled for a liver biopsy to determine the presence of liver disease were enrolled. Liver fibrosis in each patient was evaluated using both shear wave velocity (Vs) shown by pSWE and the liver fibrosis index (LFI) shown by RTE, while a liver biopsy sample was obtained from the same area that was subjected to an elastography examination. Results of the latter were compared with those obtained in a histological examination.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that Vs and LFI were significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis stage in all of the enrolled patients. Sub-analysis findings compared patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and demonstrated that Vs was significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis stage in both groups, whereas LFI was correlated with that only in the non-NAFLD patients. However, a multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between steatosis grade and LFI in the NAFLD patients.

Conclusions

RTE is less useful than pSWE for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Estimating Potential Employment Impact of the Charging Infrastructure used to Support Transportation Electrification in the United States
Authors: Ke Yue , Mintz Marianne , Zhou Yan
Published: June 2022

Increased concern over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change is encouraging many states, companies, and consumers to focus on zero emission vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs). A major barrier to widespread EV adoption, however, is range anxiety as there is currently insufficient electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) available. Although not the primary goal primary of EVSE installations, one of their side effects and a goal of President Biden’s infrastructure plans is their impact on employment, both initially as stations are developed and activated and over time and as they continue to provide charging to a growing population of EVs. This study estimates the potential employment effects of the deployment and operation of President Biden’s goal of installing 500,000 charger plugs. To do this, we develop an input-output (IO) based model called JOBS EV. Unlike existing analyses, JOBS EV includes both the employment effects caused by the front-of-meter EVSE equipment needed at a particular site and the back-of-meter or upstream equipment used to obtain power from the existing utility’s distribution network. The model results indicate that approximately 1.1 million new jobs will be created over a 10-year period. The modeling process outlined in this paper, in addition to the results presented, may be useful to stakeholders involved in transportation decarbonization efforts as another means of evaluating the costs and benefits of pursuing electrification. Further work is needed to improve the underlying IO model to better account for nascent industries, to accurately calculate local share percentages, and to capture the employment effects of the complete EVSE life cycle.
Effects of Distance and Reliability on Value of Time in Intercity Freight Transportation: An Adaptive Experiment in China
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Rong , Jian Wenliang , Zhang Suxiang
Published: June 2022

Road–rail container intermodal transportation is considered a solution to reduce the share of truck transportation in China. A modal shift from truck to intermodal alternatives requires a better understanding of freight mode choice behavior and improved estimations of the value of service attributes. This paper focuses on the effects of distance and reliability on the value of time (VOT). An adaptive experiment is conducted on potential customers of intermodal transportation in the Yangtze River Delta area, China. Multinomial logit (binary logit) and mixed logit models are estimated for eight specifications. The results show that shipper characteristics, commodity characteristics, and shipment characteristics significantly influence the mode choice behavior. Specifications with an interaction term between the logarithm of distance and transportation time perform better. The VOT of short-distance transportation is higher than that of long-distance transportation. The rate of VOT reduction decreases with increasing distance. In addition, incorporating the reliability variable in model specifications leads to a more homogeneous random parameter distribution of time and a lower VOT. This study helps intermodal operators to optimize product and design pricing strategies. Moreover, the proposed measures help to promote the modal shift from truck to road–rail container intermodal transportation.
Effects of Oil/Asphalt Emulsion Formulation on Particle Size and Stability
Authors: Chen Conglin , Lin Lanqin , Ma Tao
Published: June 2022

This investigation evaluated the factors of penetrant types, asphalt contents, and emulsifier contents on the particle sizes of emulsified penetrants, emulsified asphalt, and oil/asphalt emulsions in the emulsion formulation. The particle sizes of emulsions were obtained by laser particle size analyzer tests. The residues of emulsions obtained after the high-temperature evaporative technique were assessed through conventional binder tests such as softening point, penetration, and ductility tests. The storage stability of oil/asphalt emulsions was evaluated as well. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation was employed to study the interfacial interaction between materials in the emulsion system at the atomic scale. The results showed the great potential of using the commercial penetrants adopted for this study as alternatives to kerosene in emulsions with smaller particle sizes and better stability. The emulsifier content had significant effects on particle size and stability of emulsions. A higher emulsifier content had positive effects on decreasing the particle sizes and improving the stability of emulsions; however, it negatively affected the ductility of the emulsion residues. The particle sizes were noticed to be highly correlated to stability, emulsifier content, and interfacial formation energy of the emulsions.
Aircraft Insurance Costs Management for Sustainable General Aviation: Insights From General Aviation Enterprises in China
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Guojun
Published: June 2022

Little research has examined how to effectively reduce general aviation aircraft (GAA) insurance costs (premiums), even though it has grown to be a heavy financial burden adversely affecting the sustainable development of general aviation (GA). In contrast to previous research that dealt solely with airline insurance, this research studies the insurance cost management issue of GAA from the perspective of supply and demand. Specifically, this paper focuses on analyzing significant factors influencing GAA insurance premiums and the degree of incidence with the risk system. This empirical research is based on a unique dataset of GA enterprises in China during 2017 to 2019 and utilizes the second synthetic of gray incidence analysis (SSDGIA) model and entropy weight analysis. First, it is found that the fleet profile, loss record, and individual GA operational performance are the critical elements related to premiums. Additionally, there is an increasing dependence of premiums on direct loss performance. Second, the degree of incidence between premiums and the risk system (<0.8) constructed within the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework is below the expected level. The latent risk factors related to loss make a small contribution. Such findings will contribute to GA development through cost reduction and risk management. GAA operators and owners could save premium expenses by optimizing their risk management decisions and operations. The results also provide an important theoretical basis for the regulatory agency to speed up the optimization of GA risk information analysis and disclosure system. With complete GA risk information support, insurers could further improve GA risk assessment and determine long-term competitive premium rates.
Trends, Enablers, and Barriers for Car Ownership
Authors: Fronteli Marcio Henrique , Pacheco Paladini Edson
Published: June 2022

Car ownership has been the object of interest in various research areas. Studies on the topic focus especially on the influence of factors such as environment, life, family events, use, and availability, usually restricted to a given city or region. This paper focuses on recent studies that identified enablers, barriers, and trends related to car ownership in the automotive sector. We use an exploratory-qualitative approach based on systematic mapping of the literature to select papers published between 2019 and March 2021 on the Scopus database. As a result, we first classified the factors that act as enablers or barriers to the acquisition and maintenance of cars. These factors were divided into the following six groups: personal, cultural, political, economic, technological, and environmental. Next, we identified car-ownership-related trends for the automotive sector: purchase replaced by effective use; restrictions on car ownership; autonomous driving; sustainable mobility; new mobility models; customized customer service; real-time integrated modal communication, systematic global traffic, and integrated urban planning. We consider our findings to be relevant contributions to the industry in relation to establishing strategies and public administrators acting in the transportation planning field.
Righting adults’ wrongs: ‘Generationing’ on the battlefield. A decolonial approach
Authors: de Castro Lucia Rabello
Published: June 2022

This paper analyses the empirical data of school occupations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2016 to discuss the production of novel generational orders around the good of public education. Using a decolonial standpoint from where to examine modernization in Brazil and its welfare provision for children, the paper advances the notions of intergenerational practices of co-generativity and politicized generativity as instances of how Southern realities can contribute to new theoretical insights in childhood studies.
Discovering Factors that Influence Physician Scientist Success in Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Cola Philip A. , Wang Yunmei
Published: June 2022

This study investigated factors influencing success of physician scientists in Academic Medical Centers. These organizations and individuals drive healthcare in the United States. Translation of scientific discovery to medical practice moves at an astoundingly slow and ineffective rate. We must understand what contributes to physician scientist success to speed up translation. Through a lens of dialectic process theory, a grounded theory approach identified emergent factors from lived experiences of 31 individuals, at various experience levels, with MD and PhD degrees. Role balance, autonomy, organizational support, teamwork, life-cycle mentorship, and relational capacity were relevant factors impacting success. Role balance was important for success. Teamwork, organizational support, and life-cycle mentorship helped individuals grow, achieve balance, and respect, but relational capacity emerged as a critical driver for realizing both individual and organizational success. One person cannot execute these complex roles on their own, but development of deep and meaningful relationships through teamwork, collaboration, and life-cycle mentorship are essential for life satisfaction and success.
Preparing Future Scholars in Repressive Times
Authors: Roulston Kathryn , Stich Amy E.
Published: June 2022

The need for qualitative research that facilitates understanding of the social world is imperative as people around the globe encounter political, economic, environmental, health, and social crises. Higher education presses for preparing scholars to be creative, collaborative, and productive to examine these problems. In increasingly repressive contexts, the preparation of new scholars entails envisioning post-capitalist approaches to attend to how to live and work in the academy. This article uses concepts from Braidotti’s critical posthumanism and Lefebvre’s work on rhythmanalysis to imagine post-capitalist approaches to preparing future qualitative scholars for work in the neoliberal institution.
Organizational learning through character-based judgment
Authors: Crossan Mary M , Nguyen Brenda , Sturm Rachel E , Vera Dusya , Ruiz Pardo Ana , Maurer Cara C
Published: June 2022

We introduce character into organizational learning by building theory about how strength of individual character enhances organizational learning and how unbalanced or weak character undermine organizational learning. Bringing character into organizational learning theory helps to elucidate the type of judgment (i.e. character-based judgment anchored in all dimensions of character) that is missing but required in organizational learning to resolve organizational learning dilemmas that have persisted in the field. In connecting character to organizational learning, we rely on the multi-level processes of the 4I framework of organizational learning as scaffolding to theoretically introduce the processes of character activation, character contagion, and character embeddedness and discuss how the different character configurations and processes enhance organizational learning across levels in an organization.
Dominance motivated delusions: Whites with high social dominance orientation perceive equal amounts of institutional racism between Blacks and Whites
Authors: Marshburn Christopher K. , Reinkensmeyer Brandon A. , Knowles Eric D.
Published: June 2022

Whites display an asymmetry when detecting discrimination—disparate treatment from high-status groups directed toward low-status groups constitutes discrimination but not the opposite. Whites also believe they experience just as much racial discrimination as Blacks. This latter pattern could be especially true for Whites with higher social dominance orientation (SDO)—preference for intergroup dominance and inequality. Three studies (including one pilot study) investigated whether Whites with higher (vs. lower) SDO perceived examples of institutional and individual instances of racial discrimination as evidence of racism when happening to White (vs. Black) victims. Results revealed partial support for our prediction that the asymmetry in discrimination detection for Whites with higher (vs. lower) SDO would be opposite to the previously identified asymmetry, especially for examples of institutional (vs. individual) discrimination. Implications are discussed in the context of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests and 2021 Capitol siege.
Evaluation and measurement methods for the surface radon exhalation rate of buildings
Authors: Lv Lidan , He Zhengzhong , Qiu Shoukang , Tang Quan
Published: June 2022

Half of the natural radiation dose to the human body comes from indoor radon and its progeny, inhaling of which plays a key role in the development of lung cancer. Given the relationship between the radon exhalation rate (RnER) and the indoor radon concentration, accurate determination and control of the former directly affect the control and protection of the latter. In this study, a method was developed to estimate the actual RnER of building walls through building material samples. The surface RnER of the wall of any thickness that was constructed of any building material could be calculated by its intrinsic RnER value and radon diffusion length, which could be obtained by measuring the RnER of the pre-treated building material sample models through the activated carbon box-γ spectroscopic method. The experimental results indicated that the deviation between the calculated wall surface RnER of the building and the measured wall surface RnER of the building was <5.1%. Therefore, the intrinsic RnER of building materials could be regarded as an evaluation index for the RnER of buildings.
Field insurgency in lifestyle journalism: How lifestyle journalists marginalize Instagram influencers and protect their autonomy
Authors: Perreault Gregory , Hanusch Folker
Published: June 2022

While Facebook and Twitter have received significant scholarly attention for their role in shaping the journalistic field, Instagram has received sparse attention in comparison. The present study examines how lifestyle journalists ( n = 63) from Austria and the United States perceive Instagram influencers operating in relation to the journalistic field. Instagram influencers, empowered by the digital medium, would seem to be in direct competition with lifestyle journalists in terms of content. Through the theoretical lenses of boundary work and field, this study argues that lifestyle journalists—long relegated to the periphery of the journalistic field—discursively leverage the presence of influencers to protect their autonomy within the field while pushing influencers to its boundaries.
Malleable detention: The restructuring of carceral space within U.S. immigration detention
Authors: Romero Luis A
Published: June 2022

The expansion of immigration detention in the United States has been attributed to policy, privatization, and anti-immigrant racialization. This research extends understandings of immigration detention's growth by focusing on how Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) maintains the necessary space to detain migrants during this expansion. In this article, I introduce the concept of “malleable detention:” the flexible strategies and methods used to restructure space within immigration detention. I base this concept on findings from an analysis of the T. Don Hutto Detention Center - a detention site that has remained open despite various abuses, protests, and closures. Using statements from ICE officials, intergovernmental service agreements (IGSAs) between ICE and local governments, government reports, nongovernmental reports, and newspaper accounts, I find that the Hutto site displayed three forms of malleable detention. Detention was made malleable through repurposing non-detention space into detention space, maintaining flexibility in the detained populations, and reconfiguring contracts that helped keep detention open. Beyond the Hutto case, the malleable detention concept extends to detention sites throughout the U.S. This provides evidence into how ICE is able to sustain enough detention space that makes the U.S. the largest detainer of immigrants in the world.
Credibility and shareworthiness of negative news
Authors: van der Meer Toni G.L.A. , Brosius Anna
Published: June 2022

Negativity in the news sells, but is such news also perceived as more credible and shareworthy? Given that negative information is more impactful and processed more easily, a positive-negative asymmetry might also exist in news processing. This negativity bias is explored in a two-part experiment ( N = 696) where respondents rated (a) multiple positive and negative news items and (b) conflicting news on perceived credibility and shareworthiness. Results reveal no straightforward patterns: Audiences only hold a negativity bias in their credibility assessment under certain conditions, and even less so when it comes to sharing news. When confronted with conflicting information, audiences do not seem to use negativity as a cue to determine which news to believe or share.
Weber: Religion, nation and empire
Authors: Farris Sara R
Published: June 2022

Colonialism figures in the work of Max Weber in multiple forms. While in his professorial address he supported internal colonialism as the antidote against the threat represented by the immigration of foreigners, in the writings on world religions colonialism appears as displacement, amnesia and Freudian slip. Colonial subjects in particular are portrayed as personalities unable to develop the mentality that would help them to free themselves from what Weber regarded as the chains of a communitarian, gregarious and subaltern life. In the end, I argue that Weber’s work contributed, albeit contradictorily and not always explicitly, to spread an idea of colonial violence as a force of progress and a racist idea of colonial others as backward.
Phytochemical quercetin alleviates hyperexcitability of trigeminal nociceptive neurons associated with inflammatory hyperalgesia comparable to NSAIDs
Authors: Itou Haruka , Toyota Ryou , Takeda Mamoru
Published: June 2022

Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely found in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 and modulates voltage-gated ion channels, however, its effect on nociceptive neuron-associated inflammatory hyperalgesia remains unknown. The present study investigated under in vivo conditions whether systemic administration of quercetin attenuates the inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons associated with mechanical hyperalgesia and compared its effect to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac. Complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected into the whisker pads of rats to induce inflammation, and then mechanical stimulation was applied to the orofacial area to assess the threshold of escape. The mechanical threshold was significantly lower in inflamed rats compared to uninjected naïve rats, and this lowered threshold returned to control levels 2 days after administration of quercetin or diclofenac. The mean discharge frequency of SpVc wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli in inflamed rats was significantly decreased after quercetin or diclofenac administration under combination of three anesthetic agents (medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol). In addition, the increased mean spontaneous discharge of SpVc WDR neurons in inflamed rats significantly decreased after quercetin or diclofenac administration. Similarly, quercetin or diclofenac restored the expanded mean receptive field size in inflamed rats to control levels. In this study, the combination of three anesthetic agents did not result in any obvious “noxious pinch-evoked after discharges” in CFA inflamed day 2 rat as described previously in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Together, these results suggest that administration of quercetin attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia associated with hyperexcitability of nociceptive SpVc WDR neurons via inhibition of the peripheral cyclooxygenase-2 signaling cascade and voltage-gated ion channels. These findings support the proposed potential of quercetin as a therapeutic agent in complementary alternative medicine strategies for preventing trigeminal inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia.
Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gallardo-Zapata Janet , Maldonado-Bernal Carmen
Published: June 2022

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a severe respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan China, and an increase in cases of unknown pneumonia was alerted. In January 2020, a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the cause. The virus spreads primarily through the respiratory tract, and lymphopenia and cytokine storms have been observed in severely ill patients. This suggests the existence of an immune dysregulation as an accompanying event during a serious illness caused by this virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders, critical for virus shedding and immunomodulation. Despite its importance in viral infections, the contribution of NK cells in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be deciphered. Different studies in patients with COVID-19 suggest a significant reduction in the number and function of NK cells due to their exhaustion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Domestic violence and abuse in primary care
Authors: Standen Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) impacts individuals regardless of age, culture, gender, sexuality or socioeconomic background. Although DVA, by its nature, is often ‘hidden in society’, victims and survivors will often present to general practice with health concerns. Early identification in primary care with onward referral to specialist support can significantly improve outcomes for victims and their families. This article aims to help clinicians consider when and how to ask about DVA and how to safely support patients to access specialist support.
Effects of urban sugar water feeding on bird body condition and avian diseases
Authors: Erastova Daria A , Galbraith Josie A , Cain Kristal E , van Heezik Yolanda , Hume Ellen A , Stanley Margaret C
Published: June 2022

Garden bird sugar water feeding is increasingly popular worldwide, but little is known about its effects on bird health and associated diseases. There is a concern that feeding stations can accumulate pathogens and facilitate pathogen transmission between individuals, resulting in adverse effects on body condition of visiting birds. We tested the effects of sugar water feeding in urban New Zealand backyards by sampling target species for multiple infections and comparing bird body condition. For this, we compared backyards with and without sugar water feeders and again compared existing sugar water feeders with various sugar concentrations in two cities and in two seasons. Birds caught in gardens with sugar water feeders had poorer body condition; however, birds had better body condition in the city with the warmer climate (Auckland), during summer, and in gardens with high (≥20%) sugar concentration in sugar water feeders in winter. All screening tests for Chlamydia psittaci and Salmonella spp. returned negative results. Avian poxvirus prevalence in tauhou ( Zosterops lateralis) was four times higher in the city with a warmer climate. The likelihood of lice infection in tauhou was lower in gardens with feeders, in the warmer city, in summer, and at feeders with higher sugar concentrations. In tūī ( Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), the likelihood of lice infection decreased with an increase in sugar concentration. Coccidia infection was 4.25 times higher in tauhou in gardens with feeders. Despite the identified risks associated with sugar water feeding, there appear to be potential benefits for native nectarivorous birds, specifically in winter.
The influence of bioclimate on soil microbial communities of cork oak
Authors: Costa Daniela , Tavares Rui M. , Baptista Paula , Lino-Neto Teresa
Published: June 2022

Background

Soil microbiomes are important to maintain soil processes in forests and confer protection to plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. These microbiomes can be affected by environmental changes. In this work, soil microbial communities from different cork oak Portuguese forests under different edaphoclimatic conditions were described by using a metabarcoding strategy targeting ITS2 and 16S barcodes.

Results

A total of 11,974 fungal and 12,010 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, revealing rich and diverse microbial communities associated with different cork oak forests. Bioclimate was described as the major factor influencing variability in these communities (or bioclimates/cork oak forest for fungal community), followed by boron and granulometry. Also, pH explained variation of fungal communities, while C:N ratio contributed to bacterial variation. Fungal and bacterial biomarker genera for specific bioclimates were described. Their co-occurrence network revealed the existence of a complex and delicate balance among microbial communities.

Conclusions

The findings revealed that bacterial communities are more likely to be affected by different edaphoclimatic conditions than fungal communities, also predicting a higher impact of climate change on bacterial communities. The integration of cork oak fungal and bacterial microbiota under different bioclimates could be further explored to provide information about useful interactions for increasing cork oak forest sustainability in a world subject to climate changes.