bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filosofias africanas e seu ensino
Authors: Lima Ivan Costa , Costa e Silva Geranilde , Rocha Cláudio de Souza
Published: October 2024

Esse artigo tem por interesse discutir sobre as Filosofias Africanas e o seu ensino, problematizando como este debate tem sido relegado pela filosofia tradicional no Brasil. Pretende-se questionar, a partir de uma base reflexiva e crítica, a urgência de novas abordagens sobre a história e a cultura africana e afro-brasileira. Para tanto, é feita uma discussão tendo como base as dimensões africanas e afro-brasileiras que sustentam a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as filosofias africanas e suas continuidades no ensino brasileiro. A abordagem metodológica utiliza-se da dimensão bibliográfica articulada à prática educativa dos autores(as), para explicitar os desafios de relacionar prática social e debate acadêmico sobre o tema da porteira de fora à porteira de dentro. Considera-se que esta reflexão possa contribuir para o conhecimento de novas bases epistemológicas sobre as filosofias africanas e diaspóricas como contribuição na descolonização do pensamento social brasileiro.
Analysis of foreign economic relations of Russia’s new regions in 2022 – 2024
Authors: Cheban T. A.
Published: October 2024

The problem of the article lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the economy of Russia’s new territories has suffered from military operations and cannot produce enough products for export, and on the other hand, it has significant potential. The DPR and the LPR, where the Donetsk coal basin is located, are considered the most promising regions. The author states that in order to overcome economic difficulties in the new regions of Russia, it is necessary to actively integrate their economies into the world markets. The author of the article concludes that the new regions of Russia have clear comparative advantages in heavy industry and agriculture. Strengthening foreign economic relations will allow attracting investments to the region, contributing to the further restoration of the infrastructure and economy of the territories under consideration.
Integration processes in MERCOSUR: modern features and dynamics of development
Authors: Panchenkо E. Y. , Charaja Bär A. R.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the current state and prospects for the development of the MERCOSUR integration association – the common market of South American countries. The purpose of the analysis carried out in the article is to determine the role and place of Argentina in MERCOSUR. The subject of the study is the integration association in MERCOSUR, and the object is the modern specifics of integration processes within the framework of the association. The article analyzes the main macroeconomic indicators of the association and the structure of trade both within the bloc and with third countries. Based on a comprehensive and in-depth statistical analysis based on data from the international database of UNCTAD, the authors conclude that the prospects for further economic development of MERCOSUR are quite promising. The countries of the association are steadily increasing their economic potential, as well as the level of mutual cooperation in various fields – trade, investment, and digitalization. The Association is increasingly actively cooperating with third countries, largely due to Brazil's participation in the BRICS. Thus, the article shows that the integration process has advanced in qualitative aspects, and the prospects for its further development can be assessed as positive. At the same time the integration process in MERCOSUR is not free from problems and difficulties at both the country and continental and global levels, which limit and restrain its further deepening and development. The study period is 2012–2022. As a methodology, the article uses reliable statistical information and provides its comparative analysis using visual methods. The authors used historical and complex approaches.
Digital processes in the GCC countries in the first third of the 21ST century: industry features and the need to align industry gaps
Authors: Barini H.
Published: October 2024

The countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC), like many other countries of the world, today live in the realities of digital development and implement the achievements of world science and technology in various spheres and sectors of their economy and life in general. The purpose of the article is to identify the existing level of digitalization in the GCC countries in regional and sectoral aspects. The article shows that in the process of digitalization in the region and individual countries, the needs of digitalization of the national economy have been formed to support sustainable socio-economic development and solve a number of other tasks, for example, environmental, energy, etc. At the same time, specific threats have formed, among which in this article the author identifies industry digital gaps. The author concludes that during the period under study (2000–2023), the GCC identified industry leaders and outsiders in the process of digitalization. The author refers to the first extractive industries, oil refining, construction, as well as the service sector. The prospects for the development of digital systems in the GCC countries are assessed by the author as generally positive, but in the GCC it is important to eliminate digital gaps in the sectoral structure of the economy at the regional and country levels. To do this, according to the author, it is necessary to use legal, organizational, financial and other measures in the GCC countries, including the intensification of international cooperation in the digital sphere in the region and beyond. The study was conducted on the basis of reports from regional and international organizations (UNCTAD, IMF, League of Arab States, Arab Monetary Fund, etc.)
Economic development and foreign trade: a сomparative analysis of the United States and China
Authors: Agibalova E. L. , Karzhanova N. V.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of socio-economic and foreign trade relationships between the United States and the People's Republic of China, two leading countries of the world economy, which exert maximum influence on global processes in economics and politicsas well as in world trade, investment activities and scientific and technical sphere. Today, the rivalry between the two powers has also intensified in the monetary and financial aspect due to the growing importance and share of the yuan in international settlements and government reserves of many countries. This situation continues to worsen smoothly, often having a negative impact on other countries, including the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to explore the current state of the demographic situation, the dynamics of GDP and trade turnover of the two countries, to characterize the current situation and identify trends in its development in the medium term, which will make it possible to form the positions and policies of other subjects of the world economy to ensure their stability and balance their actions. The article concludes that both countries are currently experiencing a period of socio-economic and foreign trade turbulence, and its range has not yet shown a tendency to decrease. It is often the United States that acts as the source of this turbulence, trying to overcome the negative processes in its own economy. Therefore, it is important for third countries, for example, Russia, to take consistent measures to ensure national, including foreign economic, security. The methodological basis of the research is statistical, comparative, graphical analysis, the study of reports and archives, calculations based on data from open international statistical databases and official websites of international economic organizations, the main purpose of which is to study the economic indicators of the United States and the People's Republic of China. The study period covers 2012–2023.
Comparative Study on Catalysis Strategies: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation vs. Michael Addition of Indoles to Nitroalkenes
Authors: M.R. Aiswarya , Chatterjee Rana , Dandela Rambabu
Published: October 2024

Indoles are critical in natural amalgamation for their flexible jobs in drugs, regular
items, and material science, exhibiting huge pharmacological and compound reactivity.
Due to their versatility and high reactivity, nitroalkenes are essential electrophilic partners
in organic synthesis. While indoles and nitroalkenes are used in both Michael addition and
Friedel-Crafts alkylation for producing carbon-carbon bonds, the catalyst types and reactions
involved are different. Michael addition employs conjugate addition, whereas Friedel-
Crafts alkylation employs electrophilic aromatic substitution. Each technique has a different
level of selectivity and distinct synthetic applications. This review aims to examine the advancements
and persistent challenges in catalysis, focusing on the comparative methodologies
of Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Michael addition involving indoles and nitroalkenes.
Emphasizing green chemistry principles, it discusses the potential for sustainable and efficient synthetic processes
through the use of innovative catalysts, including photocatalysis and biocatalysis. The integration of
computational studies and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for developing economically viable and
environmentally responsible chemical synthesis, ultimately contributing to the creation of advanced materials
and pharmaceuticals.
Revolutionizing Influenza Treatment: A Deep Dive into Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Chowdhury Sejuti Ray , Rahaman Monosiz , Basu Biswajit , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: October 2024

Influenza, a highly transmissible respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses A
and B, poses a persistent threat to global public health due to its high mutation rate, ability to
develop resistance to existing antiviral drugs, and capacity for rapid spread. Current treatment
options, including four main classes of antiviral agents—adamantanes, neuraminidase inhibitors,
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, and polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors—
are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, non-specific drug distribution, and
adverse side effects. Moreover, the effectiveness of traditional vaccines is often compromised by
antigenic drift and shift, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. This
review comprehensively explores the potential of novel targeted drug delivery systems to address
these limitations and improve influenza management. Nanotechnology-based platforms,
including lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, offer enhanced drug
delivery through improved bioavailability, targeted action, and controlled release, thus minimizing
systemic toxicity and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Inhalation delivery systems such as
dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulizers, and nanotechnology-based inhalation formulations provide
direct delivery of antiviral agents to the respiratory tract, ensuring rapid onset of action with
reduced systemic side effects. Transdermal delivery methods, including microneedle patches
and hydrogel-based systems, offer non-invasive alternatives that enhance patient compliance
and allow for sustained drug release. Furthermore, this review discusses recent innovations, such
as responsive drug delivery systems and multifunctional nanoparticles capable of simultaneous
delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, representing a significant advancement in the fight
against influenza. These novel approaches promise improved targeting and efficacy and enable
personalized treatment strategies, enhancing patient outcomes in both seasonal flu and pandemic
scenarios. Integrating these advanced drug delivery systems into clinical practice could revolutionize
the management of influenza, offering a promising pathway toward more effective and
safer therapies.
Discovery of New Natural Phytocompounds: The Modern Tools to Fight Against Traditional Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Bhardwaj Deepika , Tiwari Dhananjay , Upadhye Vijay Jagdish , Ramniwas Seema , Rautela Indra , Ballal Suhas , Kumar Sanjay , Bhat Mahakshit , Sharma Shilpa , Kumar M Ravi , Pandey Pratibha , Khan Fahad
Published: October 2024

Ongoing competition between disease-causing bacteria and human hosts has resulted
in the discovery of a wide array of antibacterials. The advent of antibacterials ushered in a promising
period in the realm of microbiology, but its brilliance was short-lived and soon diminished.
The excessive and incorrect use of antibacterials results in limited selection pressure on the targeted
microorganisms, which in turn promotes the evolution of microbes instead of killing them.
Consequently, antibacterial resistance has developed and given rise to strains that are resistant to
many drugs, leading to a significant increase in mortality rates. The current review delves into
the potential of novel natural phytocompounds as innovative solutions to combat these potential
bacterial threats. The review begins by showcasing the modus operandi of conventional antibacterial
drugs followed by addressing the mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents, which
have significantly lowered the efficacy of conventional treatments. In contrast, the review explores
the mechanism of antibacterial activity of plant-derived phytochemicals, unraveling the
various ways in which natural compounds interact with bacterial targets. Furthermore, the review
examines the synergism between plant phytochemicals and conventional antibiotics, showcasing
the efficacy of this combinatorial approach in overcoming resistance. The review concludes
by summarizing the current research and offering valuable insights into challenges in the
use of plant phytochemicals as antibacterial therapeutics. This comprehensive overview reinforces
the promise of incorporating modern scientific tools with traditional phytotherapy to develop
effective strategies against resistant bacterial pathogens.
Long Non-Coding RNA HCP5 Affects Ferroptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma through miR-17-5p/HOXA7 Axis
Authors: Pan Qingyun , Tang Zige , Zheng Jiayu , Yan Lingxin , Chen Quanfang
Published: October 2024

Background:

Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death initiated by Fe-dependent lipoperoxidation, is closely linked to the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LncRNA human leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) has been confirmed as oncogenic in LUAD, but its function in ferroptosis is unknown.

Objective:

Based on the previous bioinformatics mining of the ceRNA (competitive endoge-nous RNA) network HCP5/miR-17-5p/ Homeobox A7 (HOXA7) related to ferroptosis in LUAD, in this study, we characterized the cell-based experiments to validate the binding be-tween the HCP5/miR-17-5p/HOXA7 axis and ferroptosis.

Methods:

The HCP5/miR-17-5p/HOXA7 linkage was identified by a two-luciferase reporter. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assay were employed for the detection of viabil-ity, invasion, and migration of A549 cells, respectively. ACSL4 and SLC7A11 were associat-ed with ferroptosis, MMP 9, vimentin, and E-cadherin, which were associated with migration and invasion and were assessed by WB and qRT-PCR. Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed using kits.

Results:

Over-expression of HCP5 enhances the growth, invasion, and migration of A549 cells by adjusting miR-17-5P to increase the expression of HOXA7. In addition, the knock-down of HCP5 elevated miR-17-5p, which inhibited HOXA7 expression and suppressed fer-roptosis and EMT in A549 cells.

Conclusion:

HCP5/miR-17-5p/HOXA7 can affect ferroptosis as well as the biological behav-ior of A549 cells.
Vaginal Synechiae in a Pregnant Woman with Past Surgery of Low Septum Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Pesikhani Maryam Deldar , Ghanbari Zinat , Vatanchi Atiyeh , Pourali Leila , Zafarbakhsh Azam
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Transverse vaginal septum is a rare mullerian anomaly. Patients with a
complete transverse vaginal septum are diagnosed during menarche with symptoms of abdominal
pain and amenorrhea. Here, we present a patient who underwent septal resection during puberty and
was referred in pregnancy due to vaginal synechiae.

Case presentation:

The patient was a 40-year-old primigravid referred to the maternity department
at 39 weeks of gestational age with labor pain and inability to perform a vaginal examination. She
had a past surgical history of low vaginal septum at 13 years old. The vagina was completely obstructed.
A thorough resection of the synechiae was performed along with a cesarean section to create
a drainage path.

Conclusion:

It is important to consider a pregnant woman's history of Müllerian abnormalities. In
these patients, due to the low frequency of intercourse and the conditions of progesterone dominance,
there is a possibility of re-stenosis and the imposition of cesarean section. Paying attention to
this possible complication and preventing it by using a dilator can be helpful.
A Review on Film Forming Spray Technology in Wound Management
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Prajapati Bijal , Dharamsi Abhay
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Skin is an important delivery channel for medications, providing both local and
systemic effects. One kind of novel medication delivery technology that is administered topically to
the skin is called a topical film forming system. The thorough analysis examines how film-forming
sprays have revolutionized a variety of fields, including wound care and medicine. The goal is to
present a thorough summary of the assessment criteria, composition, and most recent advancements
in film-forming sprays intended for wound healing.

Methods:

The evaluation parameters including film formation, morphology, flexibility, drying time,
pH, viscosity, skin irritation, water washability, bioadhesive strength, and container-related evaluations
are provided in a systematic manner for film-forming sprays. The review presents findings
from a range of research publications that demonstrate various approaches and strategies used to
evaluate the properties and effectiveness of film-forming spray formulations.

Results:

Examples from current research are given to show the variety of uses for film-forming
sprays in wound healing. Formulations containing human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and water-
soluble chitosan, propolis from stingless bees, and a complexed polymer film-forming spray for
diabetic wound dressing are among the research offerings. In terms of stability, wound closure acceleration,
and regulated distribution of therapeutic substances, these formulations show encouraging
results.

Conclusion:

The review concludes that film-forming sprays represent a promising avenue in advanced
wound care, offering advantages such as enhanced flexibility, prolonged adherence, and
controlled drug delivery.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Oral Fast-Dissolving Film of Metoprolol Succinate
Authors: Dingalwar Achal , Pethe Anil , Telange Darshan , Telrandhe Umesh
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Oral, fast-dissolving films are an excellent alternative. The purpose of
adopting the solvent casting approach was to create a compelling oral film.

Methodology:

HPMC E15 and sodium alginate polymers were chosen based on their compatibility.
The produced films were evaluated in terms of organoleptic characteristics, weight, thickness,
folding durability, tensile strength, drug content homogeneity, surface pH, disintegration time, and
in-vitro dissolution kinetics.

Results:

Among the formulations, F2 had a disintegration time of 14.2 seconds and a phenomenal
drug release of 98% in 5 minutes. As a result, formulation F2 emerged as the best option, demonstrating
promising qualities for effective drug delivery.

Conclusion:

These films are made of thin strips and are easily applied to the tongue or oral mucosal
tissue. When they come into contact with saliva, they quickly hydrate and attach, resulting in
rapid medicine administration. Fast-dissolving oral films are an excellent alternative for patients
who have difficulty swallowing traditional drugs, such as pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, or developmentally
impaired people. These films are made of thin strips and are easily applied to the
tongue or oral mucosal tissue. When they come into contact with saliva, they quickly hydrate and
attach, resulting in rapid medicine administration.

other:

Nil
West African Medicinal Plant Substances and Molecules Activities Against Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zongo Pengdwendé Fabienne Ingrid , Bayala Bagora , Simpore Jacques
Published: October 2024

Background:

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public
health problem with devastating consequences, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved
treatments are limited to interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for chronic hepatitis
B and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for cancer. Both treatments have their limitations,
making complete cure an elusive goal. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets
using medicinal plants and the development of new antiviral and anticancer strategies are of
utmost importance.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to identify from the literature the substances and molecules of
West African flora involved in the fight against chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer and to provide
a summary of their mechanisms of action.

Methods:

Pubmed, HAL open science, and Google Scholar literature search engines were used to
identify medicinal plants and molecules from the West African flora.

Results:

Among West African countries, Gambia and Niger had the highest prevalence of hepatitis
B virus infection, and 09 West African countries had high rates of liver cancer. A number of
studies carried out in Mali, Benin, Senegal, and Burkina Faso enabled us to list anti-HBV and anticancer
plants, as well as a number of molecules isolated from plants found in West African regions.

Conclusion:

By offering a glimpse into the world of anti-HBV and anticancer molecules from
West Africa, this review provides valuable information to support the future development of herbal
antiviral and anticancer drugs.
Vitamin D and Neurological Health: Unraveling Risk Factors, Disease Progression, and Treatment Potential
Authors: Al Noman Abdullah , Afrosa Halima , Lihu Imanul Kabir , Sarkar Onusree , Nabin Naimur Rahman , Datta Monty , Pathak Rashmi , Sharma Himanshu
Published: October 2024

This study explores the complex link between vitamin D and neurological illnesses, focusing
on how vitamin D affects possible risk factors, therapeutic applications, and the trajectory of
the disease. An epidemiological study has linked vitamin D insufficiency to several neurological
conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. It is hypothesized
that immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D contribute to its neuroprotective
effects. Two major mechanisms in dementia include neuroinflammation and oxidative
stress. Adequate levels of vitamin D have been shown in both animal models and human studies to
enhance both clinical outcomes and the duration of illness in those who have it. Other ways that vitamin
D contributes to its therapeutic potential include the production of neurotrophic factors, control
over neurotransmitter synthesis, and preservation of the blood-brain barrier. Despite the encouraging
outcomes, research is still being conducted to determine the optimal dosage and long-term
benefits of vitamin D supplementation on brain function. In order to furnish precise directives and
clarify the processes behind the neuroprotective impacts of vitamin D, future research must focus on
large-scale randomized controlled studies. . This study highlights the significance of maintaining
adequate levels of vitamin D as a modifiable risk factor for neurological disorders. Further study is
also required to comprehend the possible medical benefits of this vitamin fully.
Role Of Socioeconomics, Psychological State, and Attitude Toward Care Giving on Quality of Life of Dependent Patients’ Caregivers in the Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Pitiyoskhopong Jiranit , Loahasiriwong Wongsa , Thammasarn Krittiyanee
Published: October 2024

Background

Caring for patients with dependency is a burden on primary caregivers, which impacts them economically, socially, and psychologically. The perception of caregiving and the psychological state associated with it further contribute to these effects.

Objectives

This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to study the socioeconomic and caregiving burden factors associated with the Quality of Life (QOL) of dependent patients’ caregivers in the Northeastern region of Thailand.

Methodology

A total of 1,335 dependent patients’ caregivers aged 18–59 years in the Northeastern Region of Thailand were selected by multistage random sampling to respond to a self-administered structured questionnaire. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was performed to identify socioeconomic and caregiving burden factors associated with QOL while controlling the effects of covariates, presenting Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).

Results

Among 1,335 dependent patients’ caregivers, more than half of them had poor QOL (58.05%; 95% CI:39.28 - 44.65). Factors associated with poor QOL were age 46-59 years (AOR=4.30; 95% CI: 2.84-6.51, p-value<0.001), insufficient financial status with debt (AOR=5.89; 95% CI: 3.85-9.01, p-value<0.001), low caregiving knowledge level (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.63-3.64, p-value<0.001), average to low attitude caregiving level (AOR=4.45; 95% CI: 3.30-5.99, p-value <0.001), and having depression (AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.93-6.59, p-value<0.001).

Conclusion

The findings from this study have important implications for healthcare practice and policy—interventions aimed at improving the QOL of caregivers.
Recent Updates in Nanocrystal Technology: A Reference to Oral Dru g Delivery System
Authors: Magdum Sonali Vijaykumar , Shirote Pramodkumar Jaykumar
Published: October 2024

Increasing the oral bioavailability of drugs that dissolve slowly may be possible with the
use of nanocrystal technology. It is being employed for drug engineering and research after making
rapid advancements in recent years. The manufacturing process for pharmaceuticals is significantly
hampered by the low solubility and quick rate of dissolution of poorly soluble medications. When
taken orally, medications that are poorly soluble often have low and inconsistent bioavailability,
which could lead to therapeutic failure. Pure drug nanocrystals prepared via "bottom-up" or "topdown"
procedures are able to significantly improve the way poorly soluble medications dissolve
thanks to their enormous surface area, which in turn enhances oral absorption. Nanocrystal medications
allow for the creation of various dosage formulations. The use of nanocrystal technology in
pharmaceutical research, particularly for oral drug delivery systems, is the main focus of this review.
First, a quick discussion on the characteristics of pharmaceutical nanocrystals and several nanocrystal
technology preparation techniques is provided. The application of nanocrystal technology in
pharmaceutical science is covered after a discussion of the creation of prolonged-release formulations.
Next follows a brief overview of the scaling-up procedure, commercial nanocrystal drug products,
and regulatory aspects of nanodrugs. This paper offers a thorough explanation of preparation
techniques, their characterisation, and how they are used in oral drug delivery systems.
Investigating Transfer Learning based CNN for Multi-Crop Disease Recognition in Horticulture Crops using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network
Authors: Kumari Priya , Kumar Prabhat
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Achieving sustainable growth in agricultural productivity is crucial for
addressing various challenges confronting food systems globally. One of the key aspects is effectively
identifying and addressing diseases that can adversely affect crop quality and yield.

Method:

This research study proposes the use of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN)
in conjunction with deep transfer learning model for disease detection in horticulture crops. The
proposed system utilizes the image data of horticulture crops obtained using WMSN for performing
a comparative assessment of several pre-trained deep learning models, encompassing VGG,
ResNet, MobileNet, Inception, Xception, DenseNet, and EfficientNet, to ascertain their effectiveness
in identifying diseases across a range of horticultural plants. The models undergo fine-tuning
using transfer learning technique and are assessed on different measures, such as accuracy, precision,
recall, F1 score, and the number of epochs needed for convergence using the image data obtained
from WMSN.

Results:

Among the compared models, EfficientNetB3 appears as the best performing model, surpassing
others in all evaluation metrics while also exhibiting low parameters and a compact size.
Notably, EfficientNetB3 achieves a testing accuracy of 93.69% and a training accuracy of 98.85%
after only 21 epochs of training. In contrast, DenseNet201, DenseNet169, and EfficientNetB0
demonstrate performance close to the best-performing models, but they have higher parameters or
sizes. On the contrary, ResNet50, InceptionV3, and Xception exhibit poorer performance, presumably
due to their substantial size in relation to the dataset.

Conclusion:

This analysis provides valuable insights for optimizing the top-performing models for
disease classification across various plant species. Moreover, the fine-tuned EfficientNetB3 model
shows potential for integration with mobile devices, facilitating real-time disease classification.
Recent Advances in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis Methods, Characterization Techniques, and Emerging Applications
Authors: Bhosale Sachin , Kannor Nikita , Shinde Nirmala , Sahane Nikita
Published: October 2024

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic compound with unique physicochemical characteristics
that make it versatile and suitable for various applications, especially in the form of nanoparticles
(NPs). ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibit distinct properties and are produced through
diverse techniques, making them valuable for applications ranging from consumer goods to medical
and catalytic uses. The increasing popularity of ZnO NPs is driven by novel synthesis methods
that allow for modification of chemical composition and control over size and shape, thereby enhancing
their properties and expanding their applications. The catalytic activity of ZnO NPs is
influenced by parameters such as oxophilicity, large surface area, amphoteric nature, and the zinc
cation's ability to approach activated starting material supports, making them viable heterogeneous
catalysts for a variety of applications. Various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and many
more, are used to characterize the nanoparticles. This article explores various synthesis methods
and characterization techniques and focuses on the catalytic activities of ZnO NPs.
Typical Scenario Load Identification Based on Feature Fusion and Transfer Learning
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Gao Yuhang , Wang Yahui , Luo Bote , Huang Zhehao , Liu Jiangyong
Published: October 2024

Background:

The electricity demand is continuously increasing. However, various institutions,
enterprises, and individuals exhibit many irregularities in their electricity usage, leading to
significant wastage of electricity. To achieve effective energy management, researchers are attempting
to analyze and regulate users' electricity demands by monitoring their load usage through Non-
Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) technology. The accuracy of load identification in this technology
will greatly impact the results of load monitoring. Although there are currently many articles
and patents related to NILM, they utilize a large amount of computational resources and require
high sampling rates from devices, yet the results are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to
improve the accuracy of load identification in data with relatively low sampling frequencies.

Objective:

To improve the accuracy of load identification with low sampling frequency data, this
paper proposes a typical scenario load identification method based on feature fusion and transfer
learning.

Methods:

This method adopts the fusion of current and power factor angles to provide abundant
identification information for NILM, effectively reducing the situation of single-feature overlap of
different loads. By inputting the fused feature data into GoogLeNet and utilizing transfer learning
for training, not only is the accuracy improved, but also the training time and the requirement for
the sampling rate of training data are greatly reduced. In addition, selecting typical scenario loads
can monitor loads in a targeted manner, reduce the waste of computing resources caused by irrelevant
loads, and more effectively guide electricity usage strategies.

Results:

The proposed load identification method was tested on the low sampling frequency dataset
used in this paper. It achieved an overall load identification accuracy of 94.61% across three scenarios,
improving accuracy by 3% to 7% compared to other models.

Conclusion:

The simulation results indicate that this method achieves high load identification accuracy
at low sampling frequencies. It also exhibits good generalization ability. This method not only
reduces the performance requirements for monitoring equipment but also enhances monitoring efficiency.
Recent Patents and Applications of Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Nagar Lokesh , Saini Annu , Hussian Tarif , Gulati Nisha , Singh Sachin Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Dua Kamal , Dureja Harish
Published: October 2024

Nanocarriers like nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels have emerged as revolutionary platforms
in the realm of topical drug delivery, addressing many limitations of traditional dosage
forms. Conventional methods often struggle with challenges such as poor skin penetration, inconsistent
drug targeting, and potential local toxicity, which can undermine therapeutic outcomes and
patient adherence. Nanoemulsions, with their submicron-sized droplets, offer a promising solution
by enhancing the delivery and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, especially those that are poorly
soluble. Nanoemulgels further elevate this potential by providing a versatile vehicle for lipophilic
drugs, overcoming the limitations of traditional formulations. These advanced formulations not
only improve drug penetration through the skin but also expand the range of active compounds viable
for clinical use. Their ability to target specific skin regions more effectively reduces adverse
reactions and increases therapeutic efficacy. This article delves into the physicochemical properties,
preparation techniques, and latest advancements in nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels. By exploring
recent clinical trials and patents, the review provides valuable insights into the development
and optimization of these cutting-edge topical drug delivery systems, offering a promising
avenue for enhancing dermatological treatments and patient outcomes.
Preclinical Pharmacology of Some Important Indian Medicinal Herbs in Animal Models and Their Mode of Action
Authors: Bora Manajit , Gautam Manish Kumar , Chowdhury Sejuti Ray , Pawar Sharad D. , Chakraborty Raja , Dash Biswajit , Deb Nilip Kanti , Mondal Sandip , Teli Aniya
Published: October 2024

Herbs have been used as medicines since the beginning of time and are a
rich source of many curative substances. In recent years, there has been a paradigm
shift towards medicinal plant research due to the costlier modern drugs available in the
market, and potential side effects and resistance developed by many conventional
therapeutic agents. Pharmacological screening of medicinal plants using various
scientific methods like in vitro, in vivo as well as in silico methods involving different
experimental models provides emerging preclinical research exploring their mechanism
of action. India is a large repository of many species of medicinal plants. According to
a recent WHO estimate, a large amount of plant species, almost 21,000, have the
capacity to be used as medicines. Medicinal plants such as Aloe barbadensis Mill.,
Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Curcuma longa L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Piper nigrum
L., Cinnamomum verum J. Presl., Trifolium pratense L., Zingiber officinale Rosc,
Carthamus tinctorius L., Piper nigrum, Allium sativum L and Andrographis paniculata
(Burm.f.) Nees., Withania somnifera L. (Dunal), Cissus quadrangularis L., Plumbago
zeylanica L., etc. reported to have therapeutic effects against severe common health
ailments. Phytoconstituents present in medicinal herbs like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, ferric chloride, phenolics, emodins, and volatile oils showed potential therapeutic
activity by interacting with the main targets in cells, such as receptor proteins,
biomembranes, or nucleic acid. Biochemical outcomes of experimental studies showed
that medicinal plants exert many pharmacological activities. The current review
concentrates on the pharmacological activity of some important medicinal plants in
various experimental animal models.
Citrus and its Fight against Cancer
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Paul Abhik , Maji Avik , Sarkar Shrabanti , Roy Puspita , Banerjee Tanmoy , Guria Tanmoy
Published: October 2024

Traditional medicine has made extensive use of natural products, due to their
extensive therapeutic applications. There is an increasing demand and acceptance of
the use of medicinal plants due to their efficacy. For about 60,000 years ago, plants
have been used as drugs according to several works of literature. It is evident that the
Citrus genus, belonging to the Rutaceae family, possesses a range of pharmacological
activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial,
hepatoprotective activity, and cardiovascular activity. Polysaccharides present in
pomelo (C. maxima) peels act on S180 (murine sarcoma cells) Tumour-Bearing Mice
by improving splenic lymphocyte proliferation ability and inhibiting the activity of NK
cells, and leaf extract act on prostate carcinoma DU145 Cells by suppressing
constitutive STAT-3 activation. At the same time, alcoholic extract of Citrus aurantium
bloom showed an appreciable effect against breast cancer and human colon
adenocarcinoma cells with IC50 152.34 ± 0.75 μg/mL, 49.74 ± 0.75 μg/mL, and 96.23 ±
0.75 μg/mL respectively. The emulsion prepared from the volatile oil of C. sinensis
reduced viability in colon cancer cell lines and simultaneously upregulated BAX/BCL2 along with the suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Bergamottin and 5-
geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin obtained from Citrus bergamia downregulated the
proliferation of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, inducing apoptosis and positively
regulated cell population in the sub-G0/G1 phase. The elevated BAX, downregulated
BCL-2, released cytochrome C (cyt. c) in the cytoplasm, and cleaved PARP in breast
cancer cells suggest that phytochemical constituents in lemon seed extracts might be a
useful source of antioxidants and induce cell death via the mitochondrial apoptosis
pathway. Bergamottin, a furanocoumarin obtained from peels of Citrus hystrix fruits,
showed promising activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells by inhibiting survival
proteins in the AKT/mTOR pathway. The detailed information on different species of the Citrus genus in the field of antineoplastic pharmacology might add value to the
scientific evaluation for exploring more medicinal applications of these plants.
Andrographolide and its Neuroprotective Potential in Ameliorating Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Banu Khaji Firdous , Rekha Rage , Chinnappan Sasikala , Gundlapalli Swarnalatha , Mani Ravishankar Ram , Venkatappa Gari Srilakshmi Bada , Bangarapu Vinod Kumar , Singirisetty Triveni , Nizamuddin Nagaladinne , Nelson Vinod Kumar
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
and Prion-related diseases are age-related progressive disorders. Among
neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease is the second most common disease
after Alzheimer’s. Every year, millions of people were affected by Parkinson’s disease.
The formation of α-synuclein protein aggregation associated with degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons is the main pathological hallmark of PD. Patients suffering from
this disease live in an impairing condition and impose huge financial as well as
psychological burdens on society. However, there is no definite treatment till now that
can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease patients. The current treatment approaches only
provide symptomatic relief but can not reverse the disease condition. Hence, there is a
need to identify novel, definitive and minimal toxicity-exhibiting treatments for PD.
Natural products, specifically medicinal plants, due to their never-matched chemical
diversity, always act as a better source for drug discovery. Here, in this chapter, we
have selected andrographolide, a plant-derived secondary metabolite of labdane
triterpenoid extracted from Andrographis paniculate, a traditional herb.
Andrographolide shows its neuroprotective potential in PD via exhibiting multiple
mechanisms like decreasing neuroinflammation induced by microglial activation. Activating HSF1 and NRF2-mediated autophagy mechanisms in clearing α-synuclein
protein aggregation and regenerating the degenerated dopaminergic neurons,
ameliorate the PD symptoms. In this possible way, andrographolide provides a better
chance to develop a novel therapeutic tool for treating Parkinson’s disease in the near
future.
Origin and History of AI, IoT and Blockchain Technology and their Pertinence in Food Supply Chain Management
Authors: Lal Sudhanand Prasad , Borah Abhinab , Pundir Sakshi , Das Leezamoni , Srivastava Diksha
Published: October 2024

In a world where hunger and malnourishment are still a matter of concern,
food loss, wastage, and its timely availability must be addressed immediately. Based on
an extensive literature review and secondary data, this manuscript has tried to come up
with holistic, contemporary solutions for food supply chain management. Against this
backdrop, tools viz., IoT, AI, and blockchain will not only manage food loss, wastage,
and timely availability but also revamp transparency, food quality and safety. IoT
architecture offers tracking solutions through measurement, network, service, and
application layers using various sensors and WiFi-connected devices. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things are becoming significant facilitators of
supply chain management (SCM) optimization. The adoption of AI technology has
been associated with a 15% reduction in logistics costs, a 35% reduction in inventory
levels, and a 65% increase in customer service levels. It assists in demand forecasting,
enhanced safety, cost saving, boosting revenue, and chiefly on-time delivery. Block
Chain Technology (BCT) system can be programmed to record and track food supply
chain transactions. Chhattisgarh in India has developed the Centralized Online RealTime Electronic Public Distribution System (CORE-PDS) and has become a model
state in the ‘Public Distribution System (PDS)’. Unfortunately, Chhattisgarh’s model
fell prey to scams viz., bogus ration cards, irregularities in rice stock, and poor quality
rice and salt samples collected, which were unsuitable for human consumption because
of no mid-term audit and monitoring. The chapter concludes that all these anomalies
would not have happened to such an extent or have been addressed timely if the
technological trinity viz., IoT, AI, and Blockchain, had been incorporated judiciously
into the PDS system.
Food Supply Chain Management by Leveraging AI, IoT, and Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Radhika K. , Mohammed Sheena , Tadepalli Satya Kiranmai , Puvvula Kiranmaie
Published: October 2024

Traceability is an important component of food supply chain management
because it allows businesses to track food products from their origin to the point of
consumption. However, the current food supply chain system frequently lacks proper
traceability methods, making it difficult to pinpoint the source of food safety concerns,
monitor product quality, and assure regulatory compliance. As a result, there is a
growing need to rethink food supply chain management to assure traceability. Artificial
intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain are contributing to the
resolution of these issues by increasing accountability, traceability, and efficiency. The
application of blockchain, IoT, and AI to food supply chain management is examined
in this book chapter. It highlights the possible advantages of incorporating these
technologies into the food industry, including improved food safety, real-time food
quality monitoring, and increased supply chain visibility. It looks at other uses as well,
such as decentralized food traceability systems, smart packaging, and predictive
analytics. The chapter also discusses the obstacles and restrictions that come with
implementing these technologies in the food supply chain, as well as potential solutions
and effectiveness.
An Integrated Approach to the Control of Weeds in Wheat Crop
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kaur Pardeep , Robin
Published: October 2024

Wheat holds significant agricultural importance as it is extensively
cultivated across diverse climatic conditions and soil types. The transition from
cultivating tall varieties to dwarf and semi-dwarf (specifically Mexican wheat) varieties
has exacerbated the issue of weeds in significant wheat cultivation regions. Both grassy
and broadleaved weeds are commonly found in this agricultural crop. The detrimental
effects of weeds are most pronounced when they are permitted to compete with wheat
crops during the initial 45 days. The implementation of weed management strategies
encompasses both preventive measures and effective management practices. These
may include the use of uncontaminated agricultural seeds sourced only from accredited
state and national organizations, enhancement of crop vigor, altering the crop sequence,
application of phosphoric fertilizers in the absence of nitrogen, and rotation strategy for
herbicides.
Integrated Weed Management in Maize
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kaur Pardeep , Robin
Published: October 2024

Maize exhibits a high susceptibility to adverse effects caused by weed
competition. Research conducted on crop loss has revealed the existence of a crucial
time frame window commencing approximately fourteen days post-planting and
persisting for a duration of approximately six weeks. It is imperative to eradicate weeds
within this specific timeframe to maximize crop yield. The existence of both annual
and perennial weeds presents a substantial obstacle in the cultivation of maize. Certain
weed species have the potential to result in complete crop failure, with the severity of
infestation varying across different geographical regions. Optimal land preparation
techniques are crucial for achieving a seedbed that is devoid of weeds during the
sowing process. Additionally, the practice of deep ploughing can effectively manage
rhizomatous perennial weeds. The development of high-yield cultivars is crucial for
enhancing competitive advantage against weeds by facilitating the rapid establishment
of a dense canopy. Increased plant density results in greater shading, which
subsequently leads to the suppression of early weed growth. The application of a
balanced fertilizer promotes improved nutrient utilization by crops compared to weeds.