bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microsatellite loci and their polymorphism in the aquaculture sterlet (Acipencer ruthenus)
Authors: Nikipelov V. , Bardukov N. , Kharzinova V. , Grozesku Y. , Zinovieva N.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: comparative characterization of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) microsatellite loci described in the scientific literature and identification of the most promising of them.

Materials and methods. Electronic libraries and databases: https://elibrary.ru/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.

Results. A search and analysis of scientific publications on the polymorphism of STR loci in sterlet was carried out. Descriptions of 45 microsatellite markers tested for testing sterlet have been found in the scientific literature. Their polymorphism is compared.

Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data made it possible to identify 45 STR markers tested for work with sterlet. A comparison was made of the key characteristics of the polymorphism of these loci, among which conservative and polymorphic ones were identified.
Influence of mineral supplement "Helavit C" on hematological parameters in white laboratory rats
Authors: Dushenina O. , Karpenko L. , Vasilyeva S. , Petrovskikh M. , Domnina T.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to study the effect of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C» on hematological blood parameters.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on male white laboratory rats of the Wistar line weighing 402-420 grams. «Helavit C» was used as a mineral feed additive. Animals were bled from the tail vein every two weeks five times and examined for the following parameters: hemoglobin, red blood cell count, color index, hematocrit, and erythrocyte indices were calculated. The hemoglobin content was determined by the photometric hemiglobin cyanide method. The number of formed elements was counted using a Goryaev's camera. The color index of blood and erythrocyte indices were calculated by the formulas. Hematocrit was determined using a special hematocrit centrifuge.

Results. The results of the experiment showed that the feeding of mineral feed additive «Helavit C» in liquid form at a dose of 20 μl per head per day for 8-10 weeks led to a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration by 14.3-15.5%, erythrocyte concentration - by 12.3%, an increase in hematocrit by 13.9-14.0% and an average erythrocyte volume by 1.9%.

Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate that the presence of iron, cobalt, zinc and copper in the composition of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C», their combined action contributes to an increase in the level of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes and an increase in the average volume of erythrocytes in laboratory rats. Due to the full consumption of microelements by experimental animals, their erythropoiesis improves, which directly affects the processes of oxidative metabolism, as well as the plastic metabolism of animals.
Distinctive features of the allelofund of blood groups of various breeds of cattle
Authors: Shatalina O. , Yaryshkin A. , Leshonok O.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to study the allelofund of blood groups of cattle of different breeds.

Materials and methods. 3117 Holstein cows of the black-and-white breed were studied, 848 cows of the Simmental breed, 555 cows of the Hereford breed and 172 cows of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. Blood groups were determined using a hemolysis reaction using mono-specific serum reagents, a suspension of erythrocytes and rabbit complement. Blood groups consist of alleles – a set of antigens inherited concatenated. In total, 12 systems are isolated in the blood groups of cattle. In this study, the EAV system is used, since it has the greatest variety of alternatives.

Results. It was revealed that the allelofund of the Holstein black-and-white breed is represented by 44 alleles, the Simmental breed – 87 alleles, the Geford breed - 53 alleles, the Aberdeen Angus breed – 38 alleles. The most common alleles of blood groups of cattle of Holstein black-and–white breed are G2Y2'E'1Q' and I2, Simmental breed – Q', Hereford breed – b and Y1D'I', Aberdeen-Angus breed O1Q'. The frequency of occurrence of these alleles exceeds 6% and in some cases reaches 44%. It should be noted that the most common alleles of breeds remain in the leading positions in frequency of occurrence over time and are not replaced by other alleles. It is also established that in each breed there are specific alleles inherent only to it, which can be called markers of the breed. So, in the Holstein black-and–white breed, these are the alleles O1Y1G'G" and O3J'2K'O', in the Simmental – D'E'3G'I' and D'G'I'Q', in the Hereford – Y1D'I' and I2Y2G'G", in the Aberdeen-Angus – P1Y1 E'3P'2Q'G".
Changes in the metabolism of lactating goats of the Saanen breed under the influence of stimulating BAS
Authors: Ivantsova O. , Maksimov V. , Deltsov A. , Frenk A.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to study the effect of complex biologically active additives based on a protein hydrolyzate together with an iron-containing preparation on the metabolism of lactating goats of the Saanen breed according to the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk from animals grown in an industrial complex. 

Materials and methods. In the experiment, 45 Saanen goats were used, of which 15 goats were combined into the control group, 30 equally divided into two experimental groups. Experimental animals in addition to the standard diet received a biological supplement based on protein hydrolyzate, 40 ml/day. and iron-containing preparation "Bio-iron with trace elements" 10 ml / day. An experimental group of 15 heads received the drug "Abiotonic", another group of 15 heads - "Abiopeptide" (hereinafter, the subgroups "ABT + BfM" and "ABP + BfM"). Animals received dietary supplements in the complex, according to the following scheme: 30 days with a break of 5 days after 10 and 20 days, i.e. In general, the experiment lasted 45 days. To assess the condition of the control and experimental goats, blood and milk were taken (before the start of the experiment and at the end of the experiment). Physiological and biochemical blood parameters of goats were determined, which characterize protein metabolism - the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (OB), albumin (A), globulins and urea (M); lipid metabolism - the level of cholesterol (X) and triglycerides; carbohydrate metabolism - glucose level (G); energy metabolism - creatinine level (K); mineral metabolism - the level of phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl) and iron (Fe). Milk was taken in the morning milking, examined for physical and chemical parameters: fat, protein, dry skimmed milk residue (SOMO), somatic cells and density. 

Results. It is shown that the use of these dietary supplements in lactating goats affects the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk. It is noted that the beneficial properties of additives are aimed at enhancing the catabolic processes of the body of goats, they are most effective in combination with vitamins and microelements, contributing to an increase in productivity while maintaining the internal reserves of the body. It should also be noted the effectiveness of the iron-containing preparation "Bio-iron with microelements", used in feeding lactating goats.
Inheritance of valuable economic characters in F1 hybrids of spring pebble vetch in the eastern part of the forest steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Barylko M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose. To investigate the inheritance of the main valuable economic traits of created breeding material of spring pebble vetch under conditions aridity intensification. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. 18 breeding lines of spring pebble vetch obtained by diallel crosses were analyzed for valuable economic traits. It has been proven that the degree of phenotypic dominance of F1 hybrids can vary from hp > +1 to hp < -1 depending on the components of the cross. It has been established that in the predominant majority of hybrids, plant height inheritance occurs by types of overdominance and positive dominance. The character of inheritance of the lower pod attachment height is largely determined by the combination of parental components. For seed productivity traits (number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight), heterosis and partial positive dominance were revealed. The weight of 1000 seeds in the predominant majority of hybrids is directed towards small-seededness and inherited by the type of depression, partial negative and partial positive dominance. Conclusions. The results of the study show that the inheritance of feed and seed productivity traits in F1 hybrids of spring pebble vetch is quite complex, the manifestation of which largely depends on the conditions of the study and parental components. Six hybrid combinations were identified, in which the seed productivity traits were inherited by the type of heterosis. For traits suitability for mechanized harvesting, a number of lines were identified in which plant height and lower pod attachment height were inherited by the type of dominance. The identified breeding material can be used in practical breeding to create new varieties of spring pebble vetch with high seed productivity.
Features of winter pea seeds germination under the action of growth regulators
Authors: Khodanitska O. , Shevchuk O. , Tkachuk O. , Pohorila L. , Matviichuk O.
Published: August 2023

Physiological features of pea seed germination under treatment with exogenous growth regulators based on biologically active substances were studied. Purpose. To investigate the influence of complex growth and development stimulators containing phytohormones and their analogs, Biosil and Gulliver Stimul, on the peculiarities of the seed germination processes and formation of the winter pea seedlings of the Moroz NS variety. Methods. Laboratory, measuring, weighing, quantitative, statistical. Results. The influence of aqueous solutions of growth regulators Biosil and Gulliver Stimul on the germination processes of winter pea seeds was analyzed. During research, it was established that the use of growth regulators contributes to the faster exit of seeds from the state of rest, which is illustrated by the active dynamics of germination. Treatment of winter pea seeds with growth regulators leads to an increase in germination energy by 10-12% and laboratory germination by 6-8% compared to the control. It was noted that the indicators of seed germination were sufficiently high in all samples, including control. The soaking in growth regulators solutions contributes to the 10-16 mg bigger swelling of seeds than in the control; better utilization of reserve compounds, and 38- 50 mg seed weight loss during germination. Phytohormones which are part of the preparations induced an increase in the development of the vegetative organs of pea seedlings, which was expressed in a rapid increase in the length of the shoot and root in experimental variants. The growth of the linear dimensions of the aboveground and underground parts of the seedlings was accompanied by the increase in the mass of raw material. Conclusions. Application of the Biosil and Gulliver Stimul composite plant growth regulators affects the processes of germination and the initial stages of growth of winter pea plants. Treatment of winter pea seeds with these preparations helps to improve seed germination and increase germination energy. The linear dimensions and mass of the raw matter of the roots and shoots of pea seedlings enlarged due to the influence of growth regulators. The maximum length of the root and shoot was observed under the use of Gulliver Stimul preparation
Regularities of formation of quantitative morphometry of fаba bean plants in the system of variation-correlation analysis.
Authors: Barvinchenko S. , Temchenko I. , Tsytsiura T.
Published: August 2023

Purpose. The in-depth study of the source material for modern directions of faba bean breeding for further use in the creation of high-yielding varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, morphometric, statistical, analyzes on the basis of generally accepted and special methods in plant breeding, seed and crop production. Results. The results of the study of modification variability of absolute and relative quantitative traits of faba bean plants are presented, the interrelation of quantitative traits is investigated and the contribution of individual elements of the productivity structure to the total yield is determined. Environmentally stable indicators and simple indices have been identified, and traits that can be used for genotype identification and selection have been established. Given the high variability of absolute quantitative traits of faba bean plants for genotype identification, it is advisable to use the traits of plant height and number of nodes per plant, where the coefficients of variation were less than 10 percent. For faba beans, the most environmentally stable indices are the harvesting index, the number of seeds per bean, internode length, and the microdistribution index. According to the correlation analysis, it was found that the seed productivity of faba bean varieties is closely correlated with the following indicators: aboveground plant mass, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of pod flaps per plant. Conclusions. These studies allowed to identify absolute and relative traits of faba beans with ecologically stable indicators, simple indices, the ecological variability of which is less than the variation of the original traits, the correlation analysis of the relationships of quantitative traits of faba beans within the species allowed to identify a number of traits that should be used in fodder beans breeding.
Propolis in the diet of broiler chickens as a natural source of biologically active substance complexes
Authors: Kylymnyuk O. , Khimich O. , Laptieyev O.
Published: August 2023

Purpose. To investigate the effect of feeding broiler chickens with propolis, in dry form as part of compound feed and in liquid form in ethanolic and aqueous extracts, on their growth intensity, feed spending and poultry stock survival; to carry out a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of different ways of using propolis in the diets of broiler chickens. Methods. Analytical methods of research, observation, comparison, analysis, zootechnical experiment were used in the research. Results. A number of studies conducted by various authors testify to the harmlessness of the water extract and water-alcohol emulsion of propolis for farm animals and poultry. Due to the significant amount of propolis biologically active substances that enter the body with food or water cause a specific effect that is manifested in strengthening the immune system, and therefore, the poultry stock survival and increased growth intensity. Our research has established that the water extract of propolis contributes to the average daily gains growth by 16.8%, but bird survival when drinking it with water was by 6.7% lower than when using the ethanol extract. As a part of compound feed, dry propolis did not have positive effect on the survival rate of chickens, which was 20% lower than with the use of propolis ethanol extract, but 6.7% higher than under the control diet. Conclusions. The use of propolis in the diets of broiler chickens in the form of ethanol extract, water extract when drinking with water and feeding in dry form as part of compound feed was evaluated. It was established that the use of aqueous extract of propolis contributes to the increase in average daily gains by 16.8%, but provides a lower survival rate of birds by 6.7% than when using the ethanolic extract of propolis.
Criteria for identifying the risk group for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in operator professions
Authors: Belozerova Natalia V. , Gorokhova Svetlana G. , Buniatyan Migran S. , Atkov Oleg Yu.
Published: August 2023

Relevance. The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is important in occupational health. The syndrome is accompanied by drowsiness during work and, thereby, creates serious prerequisites for reducing professional ability to work, the occurrence of production errors, accidents. The OSAS is closely related to clinical conditions: obesity, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, which doctors take into account during periodic medical examinations when determining admission to work with harmful and/or dangerous production factors. For specialists in the operator professions, researchers consider OSAS as a threat to the health of employees and others.
The study aims is to explore a set of criteria-based signs of OSAS risk for the scientific justification of the identification of target groups of workers subject to in-depth examination to establish/exclude this diagnosis.
Materials and methods. We have conducted a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination of 204 railway transport employees out of 986 examined in the hospital for expert purposes to detect increased daytime sleepiness (according to the Epworth index), OSAS, including polysomnography, cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM). The specialists have analyzed the structure of the criteria risk signs by the method of the main components in the groups of workers of operator and non-operator professions.
Results. According to polysomnography or CRM data, 118 employees had OSAS, including 51% of them with moderate to severe severity. Along with drowsiness and snoring , scientists have identified two groups of risk factors: 1) clinical — obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart rhythm disturbances at night, gender; 2) professional — work experience, high intensity of work, work in night shifts. The sign of daytime sleepiness (according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale) was insufficiently informative in both study groups. In the structure of clinical signs, the largest leading factors were: obesity, hypertension.
Limitations. To assess drowsiness as a marker of OSAS, scientists used only the Epworth sleepiness scale; other questionnaires (for example, STOP-Bang, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) were not used in this work.
Conclusions. In operator professions, when conducting mandatory medical examinations, it is necessary to determine the risk of OSAS by a set of certain clinical and professional signs. When concluding that there is a risk of developing this condition, further in-depth examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the Ethical principles of conducting medical research with the participation of a person as a subject, set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association of the last revision.
Study of functional fatigue in surgeons and nurses of children's medical organizations
Authors: Zaitseva Anna V. , Serikov Vasily V. , Yushkova Olga I. , Kapustina Angelina V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The impact of high work stress loads on medical workers of children's medical organizations contributes to the formation of fatigue and overwork, especially in modern working conditions, which determines the relevance of these studies.
The study aims to develop methodological approaches to the quantitative assessment of functional fatigue under the influence of neuropsychiatric and visually stressful loads in medical workers for the differentiated justification of preventive
measures.
Materials and methods. The researchers conducted comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of medical workers in various work activities (in pediatric intensive care, surgery), aimed at hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process, physiological study of the state of the cardiovascular system with the study of the characteristics of the response to functional load (ECG registration on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring). The authors have studied the physiological state of the central nervous system and the visual analyzer according to generally accepted methods. We have carried out a total of 2,700 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. Static processing of the received data was carried out using statistical programs STATISTICA 10, Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results. Medical workers have high nervous-emotional and visual loads when watching video terminal screens. This leads to negative dynamics of the time of perception of sequential contrast (TPSC), a decrease in visual function. The time of onset and the depth of adverse changes depend on the degree of intensity of visual labor.
We have established the same level of effectiveness of the functions of concentration of attention, short-term memory, perception of simple and complex visual signals in the daytime and at night. The daily curve of indicators does not correspond to the natural curve of the daily rhythm.
Surgeons and nurses had a strain on the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, a slowdown in the recovery period of all indicators after functional load in the night shift compared with daytime hours of work.
Conclusion. Pronounced loads on the visual analyzer when watching video terminal screens against the background of nervous and emotional labor stress are the leading professional factors and determine the formation of the functional state of overwork of the first degree in nurses and the second degree in surgeons.
Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical personnel in the intensive care unit.
Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021).
Differences of Quercetin Content in Fresh and Extracts Local Apples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Authoria Nila , Wijayanti Lilik , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita
Published: August 2023

Background : Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and endogenous antioxidants resulting in cell damage and degenerative diseases. As horticultural commodities, apples have superior varieties of Manalagi and Romebeauty. Apples contain exogenous antioxidants, namely quercetin that effectively contributes to the management of oxidative stress. Purpose : The study used laboratory experimental methods to determine differences in quercetin content in fresh apples and apple extracts of Manalagi and Romebeauty. Research methodology : Determination of quercetin content of fresh apples and apple extract used the High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) method. The samples used were fresh apples and apple viscous extract of Manalagi and Romebeauty obtained respectively from UPT Medika Material Laboratory of Batu City and Food Engineering Laboratory of Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang using maceration process with ethanol solvent.Findings : The results showed that the average levels of quercetin in fresh apples of Manalagi and Romebeauty varieties were 13,685 ppm and 15,544 ppm respectively. Extraction of 70% ethanol from 100 grams of Manalagi and Romebeaty varieties resulted in 38.123 grams and 52.699 grams of thick extract. The average levels of quercetin in Manalagi and Romebeauty extracts were 422.235 ppm and 243.454 ppm. It can be concluded that the extract can optimize the quercetin content. Research limitations : The quercetin content in local apple extracts of Manalagi and Romebeauty can be used as an alternative to antioxidant therapy due to oxidative stress. Originality/value : Analyzing differences in quercetin content in fresh apples and apple extracts.
Overview of malaria prevention and treatment management in The Gambia: a descriptive study
Authors: Jassey Babucarr , Manjang Buba , Camara Jerreh , Jallow Adama HO , Marong Lamin , Jawneh Sedia S , Sarr Pa Ousman , Drammeh Alagie Lamin , Ndow Ousman , Tabally Omar T , Jeng Modou Lamin , Mbye Aji Fatou , Conteh Bubacarr , Jammeh Ramatoulie , Drammeh Abubacarr
Published: August 2023

Malaria is a significant public health problem in The Gambia, a country in West Africa with a population of about 2.4 million people. The disease is endemic in the country and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five. Malaria prevention strategies are essential in The Gambia. Although not totally but significantly, several techniques have been implemented in The Gambia to combat the spread of malaria to prevent and control the disease. This study aims to explore and provide an overview of strategies implemented in The Gambia to prevent and manage malaria in children under five. The study was a descriptive study using situational analysis with an extension of the basic guidelines established by WHO to prevent malaria by analyzing the latest developments on the progress made in The Gambia. The Gambia has made significant progress in preventing and controlling malaria through strategies, including insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), antimalarial treatment, education and awareness, and environmental management. Sustained efforts and investments in these strategies are critical to reducing the population burden of malaria and achieving the goal of malaria elimination.
The use of five-finger relaxation techniques for reducing stress and sleep quality in hypertension patients
Authors: Dewi Rosliana , Budhiana Johan , Arsyi Dilla Nurul , Yulianti Maria , Fatmala Syiva Dwi
Published: August 2023

One of the efforts to overcome hypertension experienced by its sufferers is to reduce stress and improve their sleep quality. Patients will usually overcome hypertension by taking drugs (which are chemical). Some use alternative methods. However, not many studies have been conducted to reveal efforts to reduce stress and improve sleep quality in hypertensive patients through this alternative method. It is the main reason research is carried out on non-pharmacological efforts to overcome stress and improve sleep quality that is effective, easy, and can be done alone by patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of five-finger relaxation techniques on stress and sleep quality in hypertensive patients in the working area of the Sukabumi Health Center. This study was a quasi-experiment with two groups of pre-tests and post-tests. The population and sample were hypertensive patients in the working area of the Sukabumi Health Center, with as many as 70 respondents divided into control and intervention groups of 35 respondents, each using purposive sampling techniques. The DASS-42 standard questionnaire was used for stress variables, while the PSQI standard questionnaire was used for sleep quality variables.Â Data analysis using a paired sample t-test showed differences in the pre-test and post-test stress scores in the control and intervention groups and in the control and intervention groups' sleep quality scores in the pre-test and post-test. The five-finger relaxation technique can lower hypertensive patients' stress and sleep quality scores. This technique is also an easy, inexpensive technique that is very likely to be done by hypertensive patients to maintain stable blood pressure and is an alternative non-pharmacological therapy for overcoming stress problems and sleep quality in hypertensive patients.
S M Nazmuz Sakib’s Hypothesis of Exercise-Induced Neurovascular Adaptation (ENVA)
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: August 2023

The main idea of this hypothesis is that different exercise intensities induce different patterns of neurovascular adaptation in the brain, which in turn affect the post-exercise hypotension response. Neurovascular adaptation refers to the changes in cerebral blood flow, oxygen delivery, and metabolism that occur in response to exercise. These changes are mediated by various factors, such as neural activity, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, pH, lactate, and adenosine.According to this hypothesis, moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) induces a more pronounced and sustained increase in cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery than high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or sprint interval exercise (SIE). This is because MICE stimulates a more balanced activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which regulate the cerebral vasculature. MICE also enhances the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, in both the peripheral and cerebral circulation.
Unravelling technological behaviors through core reduction intensity. The case of the early Protoaurignacian assemblage from Fumane Cave.
Authors: Lombao Diego , Falcucci Armando , Moos Elena , peresani marco
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates core reduction intensity in the early Protoaurignacian lithic assemblage from Fumane Cave in northeastern Italy. Here, reduction intensity was used as a means to characterize blank selection strategies and raw material management, explore the variability of knapping strategies throughout the reduction sequence by reconstructing the operatory field of core assemblages, and finally address the relationship between blades and bladelets. The latter aspect was particularly important to gain insights into the behavioral and chrono-cultural significance of laminar productions in the framework of the Aurignacian technocomplex. To meet these goals, experimental work was conducted thanks to 3D scanning technology to compare different methods and variables for measuring reduction intensity, including the percentage of non-cortical surface, the Scar Density Index (SDI), and a novel adaptation of the Volumetric Reconstruction Method (VRM). Results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of adapting VRM for studying reduction intensity in Upper Paleolithic laminar cores, and the provided R scripts and datasets will enable this method to be applied to other contexts with little or no modification of the workflow. The reduction intensity measures applied to the Protoaurignacian assemblage from Fumane Cave reveal slight variations depending on the abundance and proximity of available raw materials selected for blank production. Not surprisingly, the most abundant raw material variety – the Maiolica – has the largest number of less reduced cores, although reduction is fairly high across all cores discarded at the site. The observed variability in the operatory field and the interrelation between blade and bladelet productions underscore the complexity and flexibility of Protoaurignacian human behavior, which also complicate a definitive separation between the operatory fields of blade and bladelet productions. These findings are particularly important to emphasize the importance of considering reduction intensity when examining technological variability and human behavior in Aurignacian studies. We hope that the proposed adaptation of the VRM and the effective combination with other measures of reduction will allow future studies to rightfully incorporate reduction intensity as a temporal component in studies on stone tool production to enhance our understanding of the adaptive behaviors of Homo sapiens in diverse ecological settings and better frame the development of the Upper Paleolithic.
Exposing the Truth Behind Cyberbullying
Authors: Duong Thi Minh Phuong
Published: August 2023

By using mindsponge-based reasoning, we could examine the online bullying psychological pathway and underscore the significance of social connections in information processing
Challenges of Excluding Local Inhabitants in Forest Conservation Policies
Authors: Duong Thi Minh Phuong
Published: August 2023

The mindsponge theory can effectively explain the situation concerning the displacement of ethnic minorities from their traditional forest homes and their subsequent return to resource exploitation
Keterampilan Berfikir kritis
Authors: 4B Manal Sanjaya
Published: August 2023

Berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan intelektual yang mendasar dan relevan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam era informasi yang kian pesat, kita sering dihadapkan pada banyak informasi dari berbagai sumber, yang seringkali memiliki sudut pandang yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan untuk berpikir secara kritis menjadi keterampilan yang sangat penting untuk menghadapi tantangan dan mengambil keputusan yang tepat.Berpikir kritis melibatkan kemampuan menganalisis informasi secara objektif, mengevaluasi argumen, mengenali dan menghindari bias, serta menghubungkan gagasangagasan yang berbeda. Hal ini membantu kita memahami isu-isu kompleks, menilai kebenaran dan keandalan informasi, dan mengambil langkah-langkah yang terukur dalam berbagai situasi.Di dunia pendidikan, berpikir kritis adalah salah satu dari berbagai kompetensi yang dianggap esensial untuk menghasilkan individu yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan dan berkontribusi secara positif pada masyarakat. Berpikir kritis juga berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan problem-solving, yang mana merupakan keterampilan penting dalam memecahkan masalah sehari-hari maupun kompleks.
A Responsible Framework for Super-Alignment: Holistic Perspectives for Human-Machine Interaction are All You Need
Authors: Zukowski Novak I. K. , Kourouklides Ioannis , Astolfi Alessandro
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with the recently proposed topic of super-alignment in the context of superintelligence and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in general. In order to study this problem or task, the authors claim that there needs to be a specific framework or roadmap that tackle it in a holistic way, before conducting any experimental work. The framework proposed in this paper is based on Generalized Dynamical Systems, which are Dynamical Systems, but examined under the prism of the GUT-AI theory, which was also recently proposed. The paper draws analogies from the smallest particles in the universe to the largest celestial bodies, along with every physical, biophysical and biological system in-between (e.g., biological evolution, biological neurons in the human brain or humans as part of communities in a social network) in order to formulate the framework to study super-alignment, which is enabled by the interaction and exchange of information (i.e. communication) between humans and artificial forms of life. This includes the exploration of various metrics to measure super-alignment, along with all the accompanying computational models and dynamics that such a superintelligent system must possess. Since this is a necessarily interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary field, this paper considers approaches from various fields, such as Systems Theory, Complex Systems, Network Science, Machine Learning (ML), Signal Processing, Natural Language Processing, Information Theory, Game Theory, Control Theory, Optimization, Collective Intelligence and Self-Organization, and others. The research findings of this work are that (a) seven properties of all Generalized Dynamical Systems are explicitly systematized and standardized, and (b) one-sided approaches should be avoided, since every such property of Generalized Dynamical Systems must be considered and blended together for a crucial aspect such as super-alignment. Additionally, this work makes significant theoretical contributions by further expanding the GUT-AI theory.
PENGEMBANGAN BANK SOAL
Authors: Hapsan Amran , Warsyidah Andi Auliyah , Febriana Beta Wulan , Istiyono Edi , Widihastuti
Published: August 2023

Pengembangan bank soal telah menjadi elemen integral dalam sistem pendidikan kontemporer. Artikel ini membahas proses dan signifikansi pengembangan bank soal dalam konteks pendidikan. Tujuan utama dari pengembangan bank soal adalah untuk menyediakan instrumen penilaian yang efektif, akurat, dan beragam untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pelajaran. Artikel ini menguraikan tahapan kunci dalam pengembangan bank soal, termasuk perencanaan konten, penyusunan pertanyaan, validasi, dan pengujian. Keberhasilan pengembangan bank soal tergantung pada kualitas konten, kesesuaian dengan kurikulum, serta kemampuan untuk mendorong berpikir kritis dan pemahaman mendalam. Selain itu, artikel ini membahas manfaat pengembangan bank soal, seperti memberikan umpan balik bagi guru dan siswa, mendorong pembelajaran aktif, dan mendukung evaluasi berkelanjutan. Namun, tantangan seperti validitas, reliabilitas, dan adanya bias dalam pertanyaan juga harus diatasi dalam proses pengembangan. Kesimpulannya, pengembangan bank soal memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dengan menyediakan alat evaluasi yang dapat diandalkan dan berdaya guna bagi proses pembelajaran.
New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the Nama Assemblage
Authors: Wood Rachel , Bowyer Fred , Alexander Ruaridh , Yilales Mariana , Uahengo Collen-Issia , Kaputuaza Kavevaza , NDEUNYEMA Junias , Curtis Andrew
Published: August 2023

The Nama Group, Namibia (≥550.5 to <538 million years ago, Ma) preserves one of the most diverse metazoan fossil records of the terminal Ediacaran Period. We report numerous features that may be biological in origin from the shallow marine, siliciclastic, lowermost Mara Member (older than ca. 550.5 Ma) from the Tsaus Mountains. These include forms that potentially represent body fossils, Beltanelliformis and an indeterminate juvenile uniterminal rangeomorph or arboreomorph frond, plug trace fossils, ?Bergaueria, as well as sedimentary surface textures, which are possibly microbially-induced. These are the oldest documented macrofossils in the Nama Group. They represent taxa that persist from the Avalon or White Sea assemblages prior to the later appearance of new biota, including calcified metazoans, calcified and soft-bodied tubular taxa including all cloudinids, as well as more complex trace fossils. Using a new age model that allows more accurate stratigraphic placement of major Ediacaran macrofossil morphogroups and taxa, we propose a re-definition of the Nama Assemblage following the practice for Phanerozoic evolutionary faunas to include only new morphogroups of soft-bodied tubular, calcified taxa and complex trace fossils, defined by first appearance of Cloudina, which postdates deposition of the Kanies and lower Mara members and first appears ca. 550 Ma and persists until at least 539 Ma. Finally, the Tsaus Mountain environment is pristine, unspoilt by geologists and naturalists. Following World Heritage Convention, we suggest a pledge of non-destructive excavation that all future scientists should be able to make in publications of work that involve research in this area.
Gaze Behaviour of a Cellist: From Sight-Reading to Performance
Authors: Ritchie Laura , Sharpe Benjamin
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the gaze behaviour of an expert musician while learning a completely new (newly composed) piece of music, from the initial reading to performance. Unlike previous research relying on self-report and observation, this study combines physiological data with the musician's reported thought processes, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the learning-to-performance journey. The subject of investigation is Introspection, the second movement of the solo cello piece Resonance by Jill Jarman. A professional cellist learned the piece over six weeks under controlled conditions, with gaze behaviour (i.e., search rate and pupillometry) and speech (talk aloud) closely monitored. Data analysis explored the relationships between self-reported thinking, cognitive processing, and recorded performances across three sessions held at three-week intervals. The third session, a mock performance was when data collection ceased in line with eye-tracking data collection practices as a single error was reported by the performer. Results provided preliminary insights into connections between perception, cognition, and performance, and advanced-level music learning approaches and performance practices.
उच्च माविमा अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थीको प्राज्ञिक लेखन सक्षमता {Academic writing of undergraduate students competence}
Authors: नेपाल Nepal शक्तिराज Shaktiraj
Published: August 2023

उच्च माविमा अध्ययनत विद्यार्थीको प्राज्ञिक लेखन सक्षमता नै यस लेखको शीर्षक हो । उच्च मावि अन्तर्गत सुनसरी जिल्ला, धरान उपमहानगरपालिका भित्रका ५ वटा सामुदायिक उच्च माविका कक्षा १२ मा अध्ययनरत ५० जना विद्यार्थीलाई मात्र यस लेखमा नमुनाका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यस लेखमा उक्त कक्षा १२ मा अध्ययन गर्ने विद्यार्थीहरूको मात्र प्राज्ञिक लेखन क्षमताको परीक्षण तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अध्ययनका लागि लेखनको शीर्षक र तार्किकता, शब्दचयन र सान्दर्भिकता, वाक्यगठन र पुनरावृत्ति, संसक्तता तथा अनुच्छेदगठन र शैली प्रस्तुति तथा प्राज्ञिकतालाई उपकरण बनाइएको छ भने समग्रता, भाषिक पृष्ठभूमि र लैङ्गिकतालाई अध्ययनको आधार बनाई तथ्याङ्क शास्त्रीय मध्यमानर प्रतिशत विधिद्वारा व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ । यस अध्ययनको प्राप्तिअनुसार उच्च माविका विद्यार्थीको वाक्यगठन र पुनरावृत्तिमा सबभन्दा धेरै ६०% तथा शब्दचयन र सान्दर्भिकतामा ५८.३३% अभिक्षमता रहेको देखिएको छ । साथै संसक्तता र अनुच्छेद गठनमा सबैभन्दा कम ५०.६% अभिक्षमता रहेको पाइएको छ । समग्रमा कक्षा १२ का विद्यार्थीको प्राज्ञिक लेखनको क्षमता ५४.७४% प्रतिशत रहेको छ । लेखाइ सिपको विशिष्ट अभ्यासका रूपमा प्राज्ञिक लेखनलाई लिइने भएकाले विद्यार्थीले लेखन अभ्यासमा एकरूपता, औपचारिक ढाँचा, प्रौढ भाषाशैली, संसक्तता, चुस्त र अन्तरसम्बद्ध स्वरूपको अभ्यासमा बढी जोड दिनुपर्ने देखिन्छ । स्थलगत सर्वेक्षण तथा कक्षा अवलोकन विधिको प्रयोग गरी सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको यस लेखमा परिमाणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिलाई अपनाइएको छ साथमा प्राज्ञिक लेखनका प्रवृत्तिहरू; शीर्षक चयन र तार्किकता, शब्द चयनर सान्दर्भिकता, वाक्य गठन र पुनरावृत्ति, संसक्तता र अनुच्छेद गठन तथा शैली, प्रस्तुति र प्राज्ञिकताका आधारमा विश्लेषणको अवधारणात्मक ढाँचा बनाइएको छ । प्राज्ञिक लेखनजस्तो विशिष्ट प्रकृतिको लेखनमा विद्यार्थी, शिक्षक तथा सरोकारवालाहरूले अलि बढीध्यान दिनुपर्ने देखिन्छ र ती सरोकारवालाहरूलाई यस अध्ययनले प्राज्ञिक लेखनका सवालमा सहयोग पुर्याउने देखिएको छ ।
Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) amoung Secondary and Undergraduate Level Students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Acharya A. , Khanal S. , Shrestha K.B.
Published: August 2023

Background: Most NCDs are strongly associated and causally linked with four particular behavioral risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and the harmful use of alcohol. The prevalence of NCDs is related to unhealthy behaviors and practices typically initiated in adolescence.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the occurrence of behavioral risk factors associated with NCDs among secondary and undergraduate level students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City through identification of risk of smoking and alcohol, consumption of fruits and vegetables and level of physical activities.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross sectional descriptive study was done from September to December, 2015 among 249 youths of age 14-28 years studying at various school and colleges in Kathmandu Metropolitan city.
Results: The study findings were that 15.6% were smoker, 32.53% alcohol users, 38.96% consumed fruits at least once a day with mean 1.74 serving, 83.53% consumed vegetables at least once a day with mean 2.69 serving, 22.49% and 36.95% doing vigorous and moderate intensity physical activity at least 3 or more times in a week, 30 minutes at a time. The Chi-square test showed the association of sex of participants, age group of participants, permanent residence, living with family, studying in public and private school/college and family income with different behavioral risk factors.
Conclusion: The study showed high proportions of participants were at risk of developing NCDs. Male were found to be harmful use of alcohol and smoking, and consuming less fruits and vegetables, and female were found to be doing less physical activity. Both male and female were at higher risk, but their behavioral risk seemed to be different according to the sex difference.
The Absence of the Employee due to the Medical or Diagnostic Examination of His or Her Child
Authors: Švec Marek , Olšovská Andrea
Published: August 2023

According to the current Slovak legislation, which also determines the conditions for important personal obstacles at work, the employer is obliged to excuse the absence of an employee for the reason of accompanying his or her child to a medical facility for examination or treatment. The scientific paper deals with situations where it is necessary for an employee to accompany a child to various other diagnostic examinations which are not carried out in medical institutions. These obligations are imposed by specific legislation and must be fulfilled by the employee as the legal representative of minors in compulsory schooling or pre-primary education in relation to establishments operating under the education regulations. However, there is no excuse for the absence of an employee in the Labour Code or in other legislation in the area of education. Since these cases cannot be explicitly covered by any statutory regulation of personal obstacles to work on the part of the employee, a dispute arises in application practice between the employee and the employer as to the justification for the employee’s absence from work. This is also based on incorrect information provided by the education’s authorities who instruct the legal representatives that the employer must excuse the absence, as their child is undergoing certain examinations.
Implementasi Rapid Application Development Pada Pengembangan E-Commerce Persambi Karawang
Authors: Saepudin Atang , Tunjung Kusumo Aryo , Rudianto Biktra
Published: August 2023

Kemajuan teknologi komputer saat ini telah melaju dengan cepat dan masiv di berbagai aspek. Komputer yang merupakan peralatan yang diciptakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia, telah merubah cara dan sistem kerja dari konvensional menjadi terkomputerisasi. Komputerisasi saat ini telah diterapkan di segala bidang tidak terkecuali pada bisnis penjualan produk. Salah satunya adalah Pengcab Persambi Karawang yang juga membutuhkan suatu sistem informasi yang dapat menunjang dan memberikan pelayanan yang memuaskan bagi para customer dalam menjual produknya. Untuk itulah peneliti membangun sistem penjualan di Pengcab Persambi Karawang yang sampai saat ini belum terkomputerisasi. Sistem yang ada pada Pengcab Persambi Karawang ini masih dilakukan secara manual, mulai dari pencatatan customer yang membeli produk, sampai penyimpanan data-data lainnya yang berhubungan dengan proses penjualan hingga sampai pembuatan laporan, sehingga memungkinkan pada saat proses berlangsung terjadi kesalahan dalam pencatatan. Kurang akuratnya laporan yang dibuat dan keterlambatan dalam pencarian data-data yang diperlukan menjadi kelemahan dari sistem yang berjalan saat ini. Perancangan sistem informasi ini merupakan solusi yang terbaik untuk memecahkan permasalahan- permasalahan yang ada pada perusahaan ini, serta dengan sistem yang terkomputerisasi dapat tercapai suatu kegiatan yang efektif dan efisien dalam menunjang aktifitas pada organisasi ini. Sistem yang terkomputerisasi lebih baik dari sistem yang manual agar berjalan lebih efektif dan efisien serta sistem penjualan yang sekarang lebih kondusif dibandingkan dengan sistem yang terdahulu. Adapun metode pengembangan sistem e-commerce ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan metode Rapid Application Development. Metode ini merupakan metode pengembangan sistem yang dilakukan secara cepat dan singkat. Sehingga dinilai lebih tepat dalam pengembangan sistem e-commerce.