bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of oxygen-responsive pathways are associated with altered protein metabolism in Arctic char exposed to hypoxia
Authors: Cassidy Alicia A. , Lamarre Simon G.
Published: November 2019

Fish exposed to fluctuating oxygen concentrations often alter their metabolism and/or behaviour to survive. Hypoxia tolerance is typically associated with the ability to reduce energy demand by supressing metabolic processes such as protein synthesis. Arctic char is amongst the most sensitive salmonid to hypoxia, and typically engage in avoidance behaviour when faced with lack of oxygen. We hypothesized that a sensitive species will still have the ability (albeit reduced) to regulate molecular mechanisms during hypoxia. We investigated the tissue-specific response of protein metabolism during hypoxia. Little is known on protein degradation pathways during hypoxia in fish and we predict that protein degradation pathways are differentially regulated and play a role in the hypoxia response. We also studied the regulation of oxygen-responsive cellular signalling pathways (Hypoxia inducible factor, unfolded protein response and mTOR pathway) since most of what we know comes from studies on cancerous mammalian cell lines.

Arctic char, were exposed to a cumulative, graded hypoxia trials, for 3 hours at each air saturation level (100%, 50%, 30% and 15%). The rate of protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose technique, while protein degradation and signalling pathways were assessed by measuring transcripts and phosphorylation of target proteins. Protein synthesis decreased in all tissues measured (liver, muscle, gill, digestive system) except for the heart. Salmonid hearts have preferential access to oxygen through a well-developed coronary artery, therefore the heart is likely the last tissue to become hypoxic. Autophagy markers were upregulated in the liver, while protein degradation markers were downregulated in the heart during hypoxia. Further work is needed to determine the effects of a decrease in protein degradation on a hypoxic salmonid heart. Our study showed that protein metabolism in Arctic char is altered in a tissue-specific fashion during graded hypoxia, which is in accordance with the responses of the three major hypoxia-sensitive pathways (HIF, UPR and mTOR). The activation pattern of these pathways and the cellular processes that are under their control varies greatly among tissues, sometimes even going in opposite direction. This study provides new insights on the effects of hypoxia on protein metabolism. The adjustments of these cellular processes likely contribute in shifting the fish phenotype into a more hypoxia tolerant one, if more than one hypoxia event were to occur. Our results warrant studying these adjustments in fish exposed to long-term and diel cycling hypoxia.
Clutter negotiating ability in an ensemble of forest interior bats is driven by body mass
Authors: Senawi Juliana , Kingston Tigga
Published: November 2019

Differences in wing morphology are predicted to reflect differences in bat foraging strategies. Experimental tests of this prediction typically assess the relationship between wing morphology and a measures of flight performance on an obstacle course. However, studies have lacked measures of obstacle avoidance ability true scores, which may confound interpretation of ability across the range of presented tasks. Here, we used Rasch analysis of performance in a collision-avoidance to estimate the ability of bat species to fly through vegetative clutter. We refer to this latent trait as clutter negotiating ability and determined the relationships between clutter negotiating ability and wing morphology in 15 forest insectivorous bat species that forage in the densely-cluttered rainforests of Malaysia. The clutter negotiating ability scores were quantified based on individual responses of each species to 11 different obstacle arrangements (four banks of vertical strings 10 - 60 cm apart). The tasks employed for the collision-avoidance experiment were reliable and valid, although Rasch analysis suggested that the experiment was too easy to discriminate completely among the 15 species. We found significant negative correlations between clutter negotiating ability and body mass, wingspan, wing loading and wing area but a positive significant correlation with wingtip area ratio. However, in stepwise multiple regression analyses, only body mass and wing loading were significant predictors of clutter negotiating ability. Species fell into clusters of different clutter negotiating ability, suggesting a potential mechanism for resource partitioning within the forest interior insectivorous ensemble.
XROMM kinematics of ventilation in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: Brocklehurst Robert J. , Moritz Sabine , Codd Jonathan , Sellers William I. , Brainerd Elizabeth L.
Published: November 2019

The avian ribcage is derived relative to other amniotes, and is hypothesised to be constrained in its movements during ventilation. The double headed ribs form two articulations with the vertebrae, and are thought to rotate about a strict anatomical axis. However, this costovertebral joint constraint has not been demonstrated empirically and was not found in other taxa with double-headed ribs (i.e. crocodilians). Here we use X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to quantify rib rotation in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) during breathing. We demonstrate that, as predicted from anatomy, the ribs do rotate in a hinge-like manner about a single axis. There is also evidence for elliptical motion of the sternum, as has been reported in other taxa. The evolution of the avian ribcage is closely related to the co-evolution of ventilation and flight, and these results are important for how we model ventilation mechanics in living and fossil birds.
On sarcomere length stability during isometric and post-active-stretch isometric contractions
Authors: Johnston Kaleena , Moo Eng Kuan , Jinha Azim , Herzog Walter
Published: November 2019

Sarcomere length (SL) instability and SL non-uniformity have been used to explain fundamental properties of skeletal muscles, such as creep, force depression following active muscle shortening, and residual force enhancement following active stretching of muscles. Regarding residual force enhancement, it has been argued that active muscle stretching causes SL instability, thereby increasing SL non-uniformity. However, we recently showed that SL non-uniformity is not increased by active muscle stretching, but it remains unclear if SL stability is affected by active stretching. Here, we used single myofibrils of rabbit psoas and measured SL non-uniformity and SL instability during isometric contractions and for isometric contractions following active stretching at average SLs corresponding to the descending limb of the force-length relationship. We defined isometric contractions as contractions during which mean SL remained constant. SL instability was quantified by the rate of change of individual SLs over the course of steady state, isometric force; and SL non-uniformity was defined as deviations of SLs from the mean SL at an instant of time. We found that while the mean SL remained constant during isometric contraction, by definition, individual SLs did not. SLs were more stable in the force-enhanced, isometric state following active stretching compared to the isometric reference state. We also found that SL instability was not correlated with the rate of change of SL non-uniformity. Also, SL non-uniformity was not different in the isometric and the post-stretch isometric contractions. We conclude that since SL is more stable but similarly non-uniform in the force-enhanced compared to the corresponding isometric reference contraction, it appears unlikely that either SL instability or SL non-uniformity contribute to the residual force enhancement property of skeletal muscle.
A critical role for Dop1-mediated dopaminergic signaling in the plasticity of behavioral and neuronal responses to sex pheromone in a moth
Authors: Gassias Edmundo , Durand Nicolas , Demondion Elodie , Bourgeois Thomas , Aguilar Paleo , Bozzolan Françoise , Debernard Stéphane
Published: November 2019

Most animal species, including insects, are able to modulate their responses to sexual chemosignals and this flexibility originates from the remodeling of olfactory areas under the influence of dopaminergic system. In the moth Agrotis ipsilon, the behavioral response of males to the female-emitted sex pheromone increases throughout adult life and after a prior exposure to pheromone signal and this change is accompanied by an increase in neuronal sensitivity within the primary olfactory centers, the antennal lobes (ALs). To identify the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms, we examined whether this age- and experience-dependent olfactory plasticity is mediated by dopamine (DA) through the Dop1 receptor, an ortholog of the vertebrate D1-type dopamine receptors, which is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. We cloned A. ipsilon Dop1 (AiDop1) which is expressed predominantly in brain and especially in ALs and its knockdown induced decreased AL cAMP amounts and altered sex pheromone-orientated flight. The levels of DA, AiDop1 expression and cAMP in ALs increased from the third day of adult life and at 24h and 48h following pre-exposure to sex pheromone and the dynamic of these changes correlated with the increased responsiveness to sex pheromone. These results demonstrate that Dop1 is required for the display of male sexual behavior and that age- and experience-related neuronal and behavioral changes are sustained by DA-Dop1 signaling that operates within ALs probably through cAMP-dependent mechanisms in A. ipsilon. Thus, this study expands our understanding of the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying olfactory plasticity, mechanisms that appear to be highly conserved between insects and mammals.
Current Trends in Ultramarathon Running
Authors: Spittler Jack , Oberle Lauren
Published: November 2019

Exercise is universally recognized for its health benefits and distance running has long been a popular form of exercise and sport. Ultramarathons, defined as races longer than a marathon, have become increasingly popular in recent years. The diverse ultramarathon distances and courses provide additional challenges in race performance and medical coverage for these events. As the sport grows in popularity, more literature has become available regarding ultramarathon-specific illnesses and injuries, nutrition guidelines, psychology, physiologic changes, and equipment. This review focuses on recent findings and trends in ultramarathon running.
Presolve Reductions in Mixed Integer Programming
Authors: Achterberg Tobias , Bixby Robert E. , Gu Zonghao , Rothberg Edward , Weninger Dieter
Published: November 2019

Mixed integer programming has become a very powerful tool for modeling and solving real-world planning and scheduling problems, with the breadth of applications appearing to be almost unlimited. A critical component in the solution of these mixed integer programs is a set of routines commonly referred to as presolve. Presolve can be viewed as a collection of preprocessing techniques that reduce the size of and, more importantly, improve the “strength” of the given model formulation, that is, the degree to which the constraints of the formulation accurately describe the underlying polyhedron of integer-feasible solutions. As our computational results will show, presolve is a key factor in the speed with which we can solve mixed integer programs and is often the difference between a model being intractable and solvable, in some cases easily solvable. In this paper we describe the presolve functionality in the Gurobi commercial mixed integer programming code. This includes an overview, or taxonomy of the different methods that are employed, as well as more-detailed descriptions of several of the techniques, with some of them appearing, to our knowledge, for the first time in the literature.
Humanitarian Operations: A World of Opportunity for Relevant and Impactful Research
Authors: Besiou Maria , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: November 2019

The number of people affected by disasters has increased over the past decades, whereas funding has declined. The need for effective humanitarian aid is, therefore, larger than ever. Humanitarian organizations have recognized the critical role of supply chain management in reaching beneficiaries, and they have introduced commercial routines and best practices. Academics realized that humanitarian operations constitute a fruitful new research area and adapted solution techniques developed for commercial operations to disaster situations with mitigated success. Meanwhile, the problems that humanitarian practitioners face quickly evolve. In this paper, we highlight challenges in matching practitioner needs with academic publications and outline the great opportunities for impactful and relevant research.
Why Empirical Research Is Good for Operations Management, and What Is Good Empirical Operations Management?
Authors: Fisher Marshall , Olivares Marcelo , Staats Bradley R.
Published: November 2019

Empirical research in operations management has increased steadily over the last 20 years. In this paper, we discuss why this is good for our field and offer some comments on the qualities we admire in an empirical operations management paper.
The $A_{\alpha}$- spectrum of graph product
Authors: Li Shuchao , Wang Shujing
Published: November 2019

Let $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ denote the adjacency matrix and the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees of $G$, respectively. Define $$ A_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha)A(G) $$ for any real $\alpha\in [0,1]$. The collection of eigenvalues of $A_{\alpha}(G)$ together with multiplicities is called the $A_{\alpha}$-\emph{spectrum} of $G$. Let $G\square H$, $G[H]$, $G\times H$ and $G\oplus H$ be the Cartesian product, lexicographic product, directed product and strong product of graphs $G$ and $H$, respectively. In this paper, a complete characterization of the $A_{\alpha}$-spectrum of $G\square H$ for arbitrary graphs $G$ and $H$, and $G[H]$ for arbitrary graph $G$ and regular graph $H$ is given. Furthermore, $A_{\alpha}$-spectrum of the generalized lexicographic product $G[H_1,H_2,\ldots,H_n]$ for $n$-vertex graph $G$ and regular graphs $H_i$'s is considered. At last, the spectral radii of $A_{\alpha}(G\times H)$ and $A_{\alpha}(G\oplus H)$ for arbitrary graph $G$ and regular graph $H$ are given.
An Eigenvalue Approach For Estimating The Generalized Cross Validation Function For Correlated Matrices
Authors: Koukouvinos Christos , Jbilou Khalide , Mitrouli Marilena , Turek Ondrej
Published: November 2019

This work proposes a fast estimate for the generalized cross-validation function when the design matrix of an experiment has correlated columns. The eigenvalue structure of this matrix is used to derive probability bounds satisfied by an appropriate index of proximity, which provides a simple and accurate estimate for the numerator of the generalized cross-validation function. The denominator of the function is evaluated by an analytical formula. Several simulation tests performed in statistical models having correlated design matrix with intercept confirm the reliability of the proposed probabilistic bounds and indicate the applicability of the proposed estimate for these models.
Diagnostic Evaluation of a High-Sensitivity Troponin I Point-of-Care Assay
Authors: Sörensen Nils A , Neumann Johannes T , Ojeda Francisco , Giannitsis Evangelos , Spanuth Eberhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk , Zeller Tanja
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Increasing numbers of patients are presenting worldwide to emergency departments with suspected myocardial infarction. The use of point-of-care troponin assays might enable faster decision-making in this high-risk population and reduce the burden on emergency facilities. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of a point-of-care high-sensitivity troponin I assay.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort study including patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected myocardial infarction from July 2013 to July 2016. A diagnostic algorithm for a high-sensitivity troponin I point-of-care assay was developed in a derivation data set with 669 patients and validated in an additional 610 patients.

RESULTS

The derived 0/1 h algorithm for the point-of-care assay consisted of an admission troponin I <4 ng/L and a δ from 0 h to 1 h <3 ng/L for rule out and an admission troponin I ≥90 ng/L or a δ from 0 h to 1 h ≥20 ng/L for rule in of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Application to the validation cohort showed a negative predictive value of 99.7% (95% CI, 98.1%–100.0%) and 48.0% of patients ruled out, whereas 14.6% were ruled in with a positive predictive value of 86.5% (95% CI, 77.6%–92.8%). The diagnostic performance of the point-of-care high-sensitivity assay was highly comparable to guideline-recommended use of a laboratory-based high-sensitivity troponin assay.

CONCLUSIONS

The clinical application of a 0/1 h diagnostic algorithm based on a high-sensitivity troponin I point-of-care assay is safe, and diagnostic performance is comparable to a laboratory-based high-sensitivity troponin I assay.
Performance Comparison of Reverse Transcriptases for Single-Cell Studies
Authors: Zucha Daniel , Androvic Peter , Kubista Mikael , Valihrach Lukas
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Recent advances allowing quantification of RNA from single cells are revolutionizing biology and medicine. Currently, almost all single-cell transcriptomic protocols rely on reverse transcription (RT). However, RT is recognized as a known source of variability, particularly with low amounts of RNA. Recently, several new reverse transcriptases (RTases) with the potential to decrease the loss of information have been developed, but knowledge of their performance is limited.

METHODS

We compared the performance of 11 RTases in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) on single-cell and 100-cell bulk templates, using 2 priming strategies: a conventional mixture of random hexamers with oligo(dT)s and a reduced concentration of oligo(dT)s mimicking common single-cell RNA-sequencing protocols. Depending on their performance, 2 RTases were further tested in a high-throughput single-cell experiment.

RESULTS

All tested RTases demonstrated high precision (R2 > 0.9445). The most pronounced differences were found in their ability to capture rare transcripts (0%–90% reaction positivity rate) and in their absolute reaction yield (7.3%–137.9%). RTase performance and reproducibility were compared with Z scores. The 2 best-performing enzymes were Maxima H− and SuperScript IV. The validity of the obtained results was confirmed in a follow-up single-cell model experiment. The better-performing enzyme (Maxima H−) increased the sensitivity of the single-cell experiment and improved resolution in the clustering analysis over the commonly used RTase (SuperScript II).

CONCLUSIONS

Our comprehensive comparison of 11 RTases in low RNA input conditions identified 2 best-performing enzymes. Our results provide a point of reference for the improvement of current single-cell quantification protocols.
Finding the child fan: A case for studying children in fandom studies
Authors: Hunting Kyra
Published: November 2019

As fan studies increasingly explores understudied fan communities this article calls for the inclusion of children as a crucial overlooked group of fans. Drawing upon research that considers fandom throughout the life course, it argues that fandom is an important part of childhood and one that may look different than it does for adult fans. I argue, the extent to which children’s media consumption practices resemble fan practices has obscured the fact that children can be fans. In this article I consider the impediments to considering the fandom of children, the ways in which children may be acting as – if not labelling themselves as – fans, what doing so can offer both fandom studies and children’s media studies and I lay out some suggestions for beginning the process of examining the practices and sites of children’s fandom.
Failure of Heat Exchanger Return Bend Due to Long-Term Localized Overheating [Kerusakan pada Pipa Belokan U Alat Penukar Kalor akibat Panas Berlebih secara Lokal dalam Jangka Panjang]
Authors: Adnyana Dewa Nyoman
Published: November 2019

A return bend of a heat exchanger had failed due to bursting after it had been only about 2.5 years in service. The heat exchanger was used to transfer heat from hot combustion gas on the shell side to the feedstock oil on the tube side. Type and factors that may have caused the return bend bursting are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the as-received burst and unburst return bends. Various laboratory examinations were performed including visual and macroscopic examination, chemical analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained showed that the burst return bend had been experiencing fracture overload due to local hot spot or long-term localized overheating occurred on the outer bend external surface. The long-term localized overheating was most likely caused by formation of fouling deposit that was built up on the outer bend internal surface, leading to increase the corrosion rate significantly and resulted in excessive metal loss or thinning occurred on the outer bend external surface. Consequently, the hoop stress at the outer bend section had been increasing significantly and eventually the working pressure of the feedstock oil on the tube side could burst the return bend wall thereonAbstrakTulisan ini menyajikan penelitian yang dilakukan pada sebuah belokan pipa U (return bend) pada sebuah alat  penukar kalor yang mengalami kerusakan (pecah) setelah beroperasi hanya dalam waktu 2,5 tahun. Alat penukar kalor tersebut digunakan untuk memindahkan panas dari gas panas hasil pembakaran pada sisi bejana/tabung ke  dalam bahan baku minyak (feedstock oil) pada sisi pipa. Material belokan pipa U tersebut dibuat dari baja karbon dengan standar ASTM A-234 Gr.WPB, memiliki diameter 2 inch dan tebal SCH 80. Penelitian berupa observasi dan pengujian metalurgi dilaksanakan dengan menyiapkan sejumlah sampel material dari belokan pipa U, baik yang sudah pecah maupun yang tidak pecah. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji visual dan makro, analisa kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dengan metoda Vickers dan SEM (scanning electron microscopy) - EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy).  Hasil pengujian metalurgi menunjukkan bahwa pipa belokan U yang pecah mengalami kerusakan akibat beban berlebih yang dipengaruhi oleh local hot spot atau panas berlebih secara lokal dalam jangka panjang (long-term localized overheating). Akibatnya, tegangan yang bekerja pada dinding belokan pipa U mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan sehingga pada akhirnya tekanan operasi yang terjadi pada bahan  baku minyak di dalam  pipa dapat merobek atau memecahkan bagian dinding belokan pipa U tersebut.
Prevalence and etiological factors of Piogenic Granuloma in gestants
Authors: De lira Ana de Lourdes Sá , Silva Nayra Rafaelle Fernandes da , Caetano Vinícius da Silva , Araújo Junior Ayrton Galvão de , Portela Italo José Zacarias
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Neglect with oral health and hygiene will be reflected in the accumulation of biofilm and possible formation of supra and / or subgingival calculus, one of the etiological factors of Piogenic granuloma (PG). Objective: To investigate the prevalence and etiological factors of pyogenic granuloma in pregnant women. Method: The study was carried out on 102 pregnant women attending prenatal care in Family Health Strategies. The oral examination of the gingival tissue of the maxilla and the mandible was performed to evaluate the presence of PG, according to Neville et al classification, gingival bleeding, poorly adapted restorations, supra gingival calculus and residual roots. The chi-square test (?2) was used to investigate the degree of association between variables. Results: Prevalence of PG was 1.96% (n = 2) in the third semester of pregnancy. No pregnant woman had received information about the condition during prenatal care. Regarding the quality of bucaL hygiene, in 63 pregnant women it was considered unsatisfactory, with plaque visible and supragingival tartar in both arches and satisfactory in 39, with supragingival tartar in the lingual of the antero-inferiors and in the vestibular face of the upper molars associated to plaque visible on all teeth. The chi-square test demonstrated a greater need for scaling and corono-root straightening and removal of residual roots when associated with the pregnancy condition. Conclusions: The prevalence of pyogenic granuloma was 1.9% during the third trimester of gestation. As an etiological factor, the presence of too much dental calculus and visible plaque in both arches was found in 61.7% of the pregnant women.
Correlation between bizygomatic and maxillary central incisor width for gender identification
Authors: Abitha Tasleem , Santhanam Archana
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze and evaluate the applicability of bizygomatic and maxillary central incisor width in identifying the sex of an individual for anthropological studies. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 individuals in a private dental institution. The width of the central incisor was measured by requesting the subject to bite onto a sheet of modelling wax. The bizygomatic width was calculated with the help of a divider by taking the most prominent area of the zygomatic arch as the reference point bilaterally. Berry’s formula was used to calculate the width of the maxillary central incisor from the bizygomatic width. Berry’s Formula “Width of the maxillary central incisor = Bizygomatic width / 16.” The data obtained was tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: The results in our study indicated that the widths of both maxillary central incisors and the bizygomatic width were found to be higher in males when compared to females with a positive strong correlation. Conclusion: The Berry’s index can be used for identifying the gender and can also be used for facial reconstruction.KeywordsBerry’s index; Bite mark; Bizygomatic width; CentralIncisor; Gender identification.
KINERJA ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (OFDMA) PADA TEKNOLOGI RADIO OVER FIBER (ROF)
Authors: Rakhmania Amalia Eka , Pramono Sholeh Hadi , Kurniawan Dwi Fadila
Published: November 2019

Amalia Eka Rakhmania, Sholeh Hadi Pramono, Dwi Fadila Kurniawan, in this paper explain that radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that integrates wireless and wireline transmission system to transmit radio signal through optical fibre cable. This paper evaluates the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) implemented in RoF system for mobile WiMAX network. RoF channel model includes both optical fiber with Relative Intensity Noise, shot noise, thermal noise, and chromatic dispersion, and also wireless channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Through simulation, signal to noise ratio (SNR), channel capacity, bit rate, and bit error rate (BER) with the influence of optical fiber length and wavelength. Result shows that optical fiber length is proportional to SNR, channel capacity, and bit rate but inversely proportional to BER. 1550 nm wavelength has better channel capacity but lesser bit rate than 1310 nm.
Organisation of funerary areas and character of burial practices at Pohansko near Břeclav (based on a comparison of the cemetery around the second church and the dispersal burial grounds in the stronghold’s southern suburb)
Authors: Přichystalová Renáta
Published: November 2019

At the early medieval site Břeclav – Pohansko we can distinguish two different types of funerary areas: church cemeteries with clearly defined locus sacer and dispersed burial grounds in settlements, where the boundary between the living and funerary spaces is not clearly defined. The organisation of the area for funerary activities, the selection of the burial place and the homogeneity of applied burial rites in the above-mentioned two types of funerary areas were different. In order to find out how extensive this difference is, we chose several characteristics of funerary areas and compared them with one another. The key determinants were: the spatial structure of funerary areas, and the orientation and position of individuals buried in grave pits. As an example of a church cemetery we chose the cemetery around the second church in the North-Eastern Suburb of Pohansko. The Southern Suburb of the stronghold yielded data related to funerary areas dispersed in and between settlement structures. The comparison of selected characteristics of burial customs identified in the above-mentioned church cemetery and in dispersed cemeteries demonstrates that burials around churches were most probably organised and planned centrally and that the organisation and supervision of funerary activities might have been in the hands of the clergy. The burials in cemeteries within the settlement structure, on the other hand, were organised in accordance with customs of local community. The organisation and supervision of these funerary areas were most probably in the hands of persons approved and authorised by the community, maybe some significant community member, or the “Council of Elders” or pagan priests.
Introduction to the „Archaeology of Childhood“
Authors: Vélová Lucie
Published: November 2019

The investigation of children and childhood in the past, swiftly developing as a new subfield of study around the world for almost 30 years under the term “archaeology of childhood”, has not been yet sufficiently incorporated in Czech archaeology. The aim of this paper is to introduce this topic, give an overview of research development both home and abroad, outline the available literature, summarise the actual fundamental knowledge and starting points in order to energise the progress in this field of study in our country. The article presents areas of material culture where traces of children can be identified. In the absence of any interest in childhood and children in the past or the integration of these subjects into the archaeological discourse, the testimony of archaeology on prehistoric life remains as a result, incomplete and distorted.
On rough singular integrals along real-analytic submanifolds
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Huoxiong , Xue Qingying
Published: November 2019

Under some pretty much weaker size conditions assumed on the integral kernels both on the unit sphere and in the radial directions, the

L
p

{L^{p}}

boundedness was given for the rough singular integrals defined by translates of a real-analytic submanifold in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

.
Certain

L
p

{L^{p}}

estimates for the corresponding maximal rough singular integrals were also established.
Wood color changes and termiticidal properties of teak heartwood extract used as a wood preservative
Authors: Brocco Victor Fassina , Paes Juarez Benigno , Costa Lais Gonçalves da , Kirker Grant T. , Brazolin Sérgio
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in colorimetric patterns and the termite resistance of light-colored and low durability wood when impregnated with teak (Tectona grandis) heartwood extractives. Hot water and ethanol extracts were obtained from 20-year-old teak heartwood and used to evaluate the influence on color change and the natural resistance of 10-year-old teak sapwood andPinussp. For wood impregnation, a full-cell (Bethell) treatment was conducted. To verify the influence of the teak extracts, the colorimetric patterns of wood were determined using the Munsell and CIE-L*a*b* systems. Choice and no-choice feeding tests were performed under laboratory conditions to test the efficacy of the teak extract solutions against two termite speciesNasutitermes cornigerandCryptotermes brevis. All of the extract solutions promoted a significant darkening of the wood, bringing the color of the impregnated wood closer to older teak heartwood than the untreated samples of the respective species. Ethanol extracts increased the resistance and mortality againstN. cornigerin both choice and no-choice tests. Resistance toC. breviswas not clearly affected.
Hsa-miR-6165 downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and enhances apoptosis in SW480 cells
Authors: Hassanlou Maryam , Soltani Bahram M. , Medlej Abdallah , Kay Maryam , Mowla Seyed Javad
Published: November 2019

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are implicated in various biological processes. Hsa-miR-6165 (miR-6165), located in the p75NTR gene, is known to induce apoptosis in human cell lines, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood yet. Here, we predicted the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene as a bona fide target for miR-6165. The overexpression of miR-6165 in SW480 cells resulted in significant downregulation of IGF-1R expression as detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, it resulted in reduced transcript levels of AKT2, AKT3, PI3KR3, PI3KR5, CCND1, c-MYC and P21 genes detected by RT-qPCR analysis. In addition, a direct interaction between miR-6165 and a 3′UTR sequence of the IGF-1R gene was verified through a dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, miR-6165 and IGF-1R showed opposite patterns of expression during the neural differentiation process of NT2 cells. Annexin V analysis and MTT assay showed that miR-6165 overexpression was followed by increased apoptosis and reduced the viability rate of SW480 cells. Moreover, a lower expression level of miR-6165 was detected in high-grade colorectal tumors compared with low-grade tumors. Taken together, the results of our study suggest a tumor suppressive role of miR-6165 in colorectal cancer, which seems to take place by regulating IGF-1R gene expression.
A framework for cryptographic problems from linear algebra
Authors: Bootland Carl , Castryck Wouter , Szepieniec Alan , Vercauteren Frederik
Published: November 2019

We introduce a general framework encompassing the main hard problems emerging in lattice-based cryptography, which naturally includes the recently proposed Mersenne prime cryptosystem, but also problems coming from code-based cryptography. The framework allows to easily instantiate new hard problems and to automatically construct plausibly post-quantum secure primitives from them. As a first basic application, we introduce two new hard problems and the corresponding encryption schemes. Concretely, we study generalisations of hard problems such as SIS, LWE and NTRU to free modules over quotients of ℤ[X] by ideals of the form (f,g), wherefis a monic polynomial andg∈ ℤ[X] is a ciphertext modulus coprime tof. For trivial modules (i.e. of rank one), the casef=Xn+ 1 andg=q∈ ℤ>1corresponds to ring-LWE, ring-SIS and NTRU, while the choicesf=Xn– 1 andg=X– 2 essentially cover the recently proposed Mersenne prime cryptosystems. At the other extreme, when considering modules of large rank and letting deg(f) = 1, one recovers the framework of LWE and SIS.
Crystal structure of 2,7-diiodo-1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine, C14H14B2F4I2N4
Authors: Liu Yingfan , Li Xiaochuan , Sun Saisai , Ji Guangqian , Son Young-A.
Published: November 2019

C14H15B2F4I2N4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5458(7) Å, b = 8.5659(6) Å, c = 8.6089(5) Å, α = 108.189(6)°, β = 110.492(7)°, γ = 98.678(7)°, V = 473.6 Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0334, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0831, T = 296.5 K.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO LITERÁRIA NO ROMANCE EM PRIMEIRA PESSOA: APONTAMENTOS DE LEITURA PARA A OBRA O IRMÃO ALEMÃO, DE CHICO BUARQUE
Authors: Chaves Anderson Trindade
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: Este artigo procura apresentar uma leitura de abordagem crítica para o romance O irmão alemão, de Chico Buarque, de modo a analisá-lo enquanto composição narrativa tendo em vista o uso da narração em primeira pessoa. Nas formulações de Maria Lucia Dal Farra (1978), busca-se a fundamentação teórica necessária para caracterizar os romances que colocam em cena a presença de um narrador-protagonista. Nesse sentido, pretende-se mostrar que a narração formalizada articula um tipo de representação de ato performativo da leitura. Assim, entende-se que a narrativa d’ O irmão alemão indicia a situação de mutabilidade do romance quando se toma por parâmetro a tradição do próprio gênero literário no contexto da modernidade.Palavras-chave: Literatura; romance; representação literária.
PAISAGEM ATRAVÉS DA VÓNILZA OU PAISAGENS DA MEMÓRIA
Authors: Kickhöfel Tiago Radatz
Published: November 2019

Este ensaio aproxima textos que pensam e expandem o conceito de paisagem a uma relação [afetiva] sujeito-paisagem específica: a experiência da avó do autor no/com o espaço em que vive há quase cem anos. Para a imersão no plano subjetivo desta relação e percepção através de (por meio de), o objeto de aproximação das teorias de pensamento-paisagem (COLLOT, 2014; 2012), de paisagem da memória (SILVA, 2012; 2016; COSTA, 2008; MATOLATO, 2007) e de subjetivação perceptiva (JULLIEN, 2009), tomados neste ensaio, utilizou-se a revista literária Vónilza e Tiagua (RADATZ; KICKHÖFEL, 2019), onde o autor desloca os discursos reais da avó para o registro literário. O que o texto busca emergir são os elementos subjetivos de memória, afeto e experiência envolvidos no processo de construção e percepção desta paisagem, o eixo vertical da sua constituição, e as referências teóricas atraídas por este corpus sensível.Palavras-chave: Paisagem; memória; identidade; experiência.
The Claustrum-Prefrontal Cortex Pathway Regulates Impulsive-Like Behavior
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Wu Ruyan , Johnson Bernard , Vu Jimmy , Bass Caroline , Li Jun-Xu
Published: November 2019

The claustrum connects with a broad range of cortical areas including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the function of the claustrum (CLA) and its neural projections remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the role of the neural projections from the CLA to the PFC in regulating impulsivity in male rats. We first identified the CLA–PFC pathway by retrograde tracer and virus expression. By using immunofluorescent staining of the c-Fos-positive neurons, we showed that chemogenetic activation and inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway reduced and increased overall activity of the PFC, respectively. In the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we found that chemogenetic activation and inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway increased and reduced the impulsive-like behavior (i.e., premature responses), respectively. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of the CLA–PFC pathway prevented methamphetamine-induced impulsivity, without affecting methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity. In contrast to the role of CLA–PFC pathway in selectively regulating impulsivity, activation of the claustrum disrupted attention in the 5-CSRTT. These results indicate that the CLA–PFC pathway is essential for impulsivity. This study may shed light on the understanding of impulsivity-related disorders such as drug addiction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe claustrum is one of the most mysterious brain regions. Although extensive anatomical studies demonstrated that the claustrum connects with many cortical areas, the function of the neural projections between the claustrum and cortical areas remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that the neural projections from the claustrum to the prefrontal cortex regulates impulsivity by using the designer drugs (DREADDs)-based chemogenetic tools. Interestingly, the claustrum–prefrontal cortex pathway also regulates methamphetamine-induced impulsivity, suggesting a critical role of this neural pathway in regulating impulsivity-related disorders such as drug addiction. Our results provided preclinical evidence that the claustrum-prefrontal cortex regulates impulsivity. The claustrum–prefrontal cortex pathway may be a novel target for the treatment of impulsivity-related brain disorders.
Exploring the Exceptional Properties of Streptomyces: A Hands-On Discovery of Natural Products
Authors: Lapaz María Inés , Cisneros Estefania Juarez , Pianzzola María Julia , Francis Isolde M.
Published: November 2019

Microbial biodiversity and its rich arsenal of natural products is an important and complex biological concept. We propose the use of Streptomyces, one of the most diverse bacterial genera and a major inhabitant of soil, as a model to explain the relevance and importance of this concept. Students will perform experiments ranging from isolation and selection of Streptomyces species, to performing fungal and bacterial challenge assays to evaluate their biocontrol capacity, to screening for specialized metabolic properties such as the production of lipases, amylases, and cellulases. Accompanied by active discussions on the experimental process and results, and integrated into the general microbiology curriculum, this real-life discovery-based lab exercise engages students in current topics concerning natural product discovery and reinforces their understanding of several important concepts in microbiology and biotechnology.
Allopurinol inhibits excess glucose-induced trophoblast IL-1β and ROS production
Authors: Negi Masaru , Mulla Melissa J , Han Christina S , Abrahams Vikki M
Published: November 2019

Pre-gestational diabetes is a risk factor for preeclampsia, a condition associated with inflammatory markers, a dysregulated angiogenic profile, and impaired placentation. Using an in vitro model, we previously reported that hyperglycemic levels of glucose induced a pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-8, RANTES, GRO-α), anti-angiogenic (sFlt-1) and anti-migratory profile in a human trophoblast cell line. The IL-1β response to excess glucose was mediated by uric acid-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that inhibits uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Thus, we sought to test the effects of allopurinol on the IL-1β and other inflammatory, angiogenic and migratory responses that are triggered in the trophoblast by excess glucose. Under excess glucose conditions, allopurinol significantly inhibited trophoblast secretion of inflammatory IL-1β; caspase-1 activity; IL-8; RANTES; and GRO-α. Allopurinol also significantly inhibited excess glucose-induced trophoblast secretion of anti-angiogenic sFlt-1. The presence of IL1Ra significantly inhibited excess glucose-induced trophoblast IL-8 and GRO-α secretion but had no effect on RANTES or sFlt-1. Conversely, DPI, a ROS inhibitor, significantly inhibited excess glucose-induced trophoblast GRO-α and sFlt-1 secretion, but had no effect on IL-8 or RANTES. Together, our findings indicate that the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol inhibited excess glucose-induced trophoblast IL-1β secretion. Additionally, through its inhibition of both IL-1β and ROS production by the trophoblast, allopurinol reduced the additional pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic responses to excess glucose. Thus, allopurinol may be a candidate medication to prevent placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, in pregnant women with diabetes.
Формування ціннісного ставлення до здоров’я особистості як психолого-педагогічна проблема
Authors: Fedchenko Каrina
Published: November 2019

У статті відображено проблему формування, зміцнення та збереження ціннісного ставлення до здоров’я в широкому розумінні на особистісному та суспільному рівнях. Ціннісне ставлення до здоров’я – це індивідуальні, вибіркові, свідомі зв’язки особистості з дійсністю, що відображають взаємозалежність потреб особистості з предметами, об’єктами та явищами оточуючого світу, що сприяють формуванню і збереженню здоров’ю або навпаки, загрожують йому.Цінності та ціннісні новоутворення є основними, “первинними” якостями особис-тості, що визначають мотиви поведінки і формують характер людини.Виходячи з того, що здоров’я є гармонія біологічного, душевного і духовного буття людини, проблема здоров’я не може бути розглянута в незалежності від цінностей людини як посередників досягнення вищого рівня існування буття. Кожна людина в певний період свого життя неминуче стає перед індивідуальним ціннісним вибором: куди піти далі і які цінності обрати.
The phenomenon of the overall corruption in modern Ukrainian society
Authors: Stehnii Oleksandr
Published: November 2019

Overall corruption is considered as a kind of sociogenic risk, which is also a new social phenomena of the modern Ukrainian society. Such interpretation of the overall corruption causes the logic of the proposed sociological analysis contained in this publication.
“Ensamblaje” de macroinvertebrados acuáticos y su relación con variables fisicoquímicas en un río de montaña en Colombia
Authors: Mosquera Restrepo Duberly , Peña Salamanca Enrique Javier
Published: November 2019

Because of the influence of different human activities, rivers and their associated biodiversity are under stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Jordan River and its relation to water quality. Mining, water harvesting, livestock, agriculture, recreation and illegal occupation of the territory; take place in the evaluated section (5650m). A sampling site was established at 1173 m (E1), here the river receives wastewater. The second, at 1069m, (E2) was set up before the intake of an aqueduct. And the third, at 1019m, (E3) after the inlet pipe. Concentrations of physicochemical variables (n = 15) were measured. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected in gravel, pebbles and macrophytes using Surber nets (0.36 m2, 500 µm), a screen net (1.6 m2, 350 µm) and a D-net (0.9 m2, 500 µm). The assemblage structure was assessed using abundance categories. The diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate physicochemical variables were associated using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The physicochemical variables showed that E3 was the most contaminated site. There were 9 orders, 23 families and 31 taxa. E3 had the lowest richness and in E2 Rhagovelia was dominant. The CCA showed that the variables that have the greatest influence on the diversity of macroinvertebrates are oxygen, BOD5, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and turbidity. It is concluded that the diversity of macroinvertebrates decreases with increasing organic matter possibly due to sewage and flow decrease.