bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diplomatic activities and meetings between Petar I Karadjordjević and Nikolai II Romanov on the eve of the Balkan wars
Authors: Zarković Vesna
Published: January 2022

The May coup and the change of dynasties in the Kingdom of Serbia brought the state into an unenviable position. The aggressive Austro-Hungarian policy, which endangered Serbian interests, came to the fore. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the mood that was present in the diplomatic circles of Austria-Hungary forced the Kingdom of Serbia to become active in the foreign policy field and get closer to Russia. Although there was a need and initiative of politicians in Serbia to organize a meeting between King Petar I Karadjordjević and Russian Tsar Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov, this idea did not materialize. Russia was busy in the war with Japan, but after resolving the issue in the East, it became more actively involved in the events in the Balkans. At that time, Russian plans related to San Stefano Bulgaria were an obstacle in the rapprochement between the Kingdom of Serbia and Russia. The ruler of Bulgaria Ferdinand pursued a changing policy that could very easily lead to rapprochement with AustriaHungary. In contrast, relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary had strained, prompting Serbian diplomats to ask the Russian side for a meeting between the two rulers. The Government of the Kingdom of Serbia received great support from Nikola Hartving, the Russian ambassador to Belgrade who was appointed to this post in 1909. His understanding of Balkan issues coincided with Serbian interests. Thanks to the engagement of the Russian ambassador, but also thanks to Serbian diplomacy, for the first time in 1910, King Petar I Karadjordjević and Tsar Nikolai II met in Petrograd. Along with numerous politicians, the King was accompanied on that trip by Nikola Pašić and Milovan Milovanović, who asked the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alexandar Petrovich Izvolsky, for support in concluding the Balkan Alliance. At that moment, Izvolsky stated for the first time that injustice had been done to Serbia by the San Stefano Treaty and expressed the need to change it. Such an attitude of Russian diplomacy paved the way for Serbia's reliance on Russia, which represented its support for the creation of a Balkan alliance.
Controlling Pitch to Save Fuel
Authors: Sedat Robert , Gann Jerry
Published: January 2022

The United States Coast Guard R&D Center and Naval Surface Warfare Center have developed an analytical method to determine the most fuel-efficient combination of throttle and pitch settings for any desired speed through the water. Most control systems for controllable pitch propellers have a pre-determined pitch setting associated with each throttle position. This is often a somewhat arbitrary linear pitch ramp-up at lower throttle positions, followed by a constant pitch at all higher throttle positions. This pitch schedule does not generally give the best possible foe/ efficiency. Under the method recommended here, standard calculations for HP and RPM are performed at various speeds and pitches. Lines of constant speed are then plotted on an engine map, along with lines of constant fuel rate from engine bench tests. It is then possible to determine where each line of constant speed achieves the lowest fuel consumption. The corresponding throttle and pitch settings can then be programmed into a software-based control system to implement the most fuel-efficient pitch schedule. Analyses are presented for a diesel-powered US Coast Guard WLB, a USCG High Endurance Cutter operating in gas turbine mode, and for a gas turbine-powered US Navy CG-47 Guided Missile Cruiser. Fuel savings relative to current practice are presented, and the most fuel-efficient operating modes (e.g. trail shaft, split plant, and full plant) for various speed ranges are readily apparent. The method also gives some insight for non-CPP vessels on the economic implications of selecting a particular fixed-pitch propeller. The paper also includes some discussion on the selection of appropriate service margins.
Análise da sustentabilidade no Rio Grande do Sul: uma aplicação espaço-temporal do barômetro da sustentabilidade
Authors: Campos Jéssica Mazutti Penso de , Silveira Eliane Fraga da , Périco Eduardo
Published: January 2022

O conceito ampliado de sustentabilidade delibera sobre o equilíbrio entre a qualidade ambiental, a prosperidade econômica e a justiça social, visando assegurar a disponibilidade dos recursos naturais renováveis e não renováveis às próximas gerações. O Rio Grande do Sul apresenta limitações relacionadas ao alto percentual de áreas antropizadas, elevado índice de potencial poluidor industrial e integra o bioma menos protegido do País. O Barômetro da Sustentabilidade é um instrumento bidimensional, que mensura o grau de sustentabilidade, através da associação de indicadores ambientais, econômicos e sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a sustentabilidade nos municípios e no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da aplicação do Barômetro da Sustentabilidade, em dois períodos temporais, 2000 e 2016. Foram calculados os indicadores de sustentabilidade e realizada a distribuição e a análise espacial, através do Índice de Moran, a fim de identificar clusters com municípios que necessitam de intervenção eficaz urgente. O Estado foi considerado com grau intermediário de sustentabilidade, nos dois períodos, e em 16 anos houve pequena elevação no indicador, apontando para pouca tendência futura à sustentabilidade. O estudo apresenta as variáveis que mais exerceram pressão negativa, e indicou que o Barômetro da Sustentabilidade foi eficiente para analisar o grau de sustentabilidade nos municípios e no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A distribuição espacial do grau de sustentabilidade, possibilitou compreender quais são as regiões que necessitam de intervenção urgente, e aquelas que podem ser melhoradas, uma vez que nenhum município foi considerado sustentável.
La "Doctrina moral d’en Pacs" com a font del "Tirant lo Blanch"
Authors: Rovira Cerdà Helena
Published: January 2022

La Doctrina moral és un recull de sentències morals que data de la primera meitat del segle xv i fou escrita per un mallorquí anomenat Pacs. En aquest article es localitzen i s’analitzen alguns passatges d’aquesta Doctrina que foren aprofitats per Joanot Martorell en els cap. 353-362 del Tirant lo Blanch. Aquests capítols es contextualitzen en la part africana de la novel·la i representen un debat filosoficomoral entre Tirant i Plaerdemavida. Martorell farceix hàbilment aquest debat amb sentències d’autoritat i arguments morals que manlleva sobretot de la Doctrina moral i, en menor grau, de l’Scipió e Aníbal de Canals. Cal destacar l’efecte que produeix l’ús de fonts sapiencials en la situació còmica provocada per Plaerdemavida: ella no només oculta la seva pròpia identitat a Tirant, que no la reconeix inicialment, sinó que també, al llarg del seu discurs, tendeix a tergiversar autoritats i arguments.
La «Epístola prohemial» a la traducción de "Los Triumphos" de Apiano (1522): entre el panegírico a Rodrigo de Mendoza, marqués del Cenete, y la crónica de la guerra de las Germanías
Authors: Cuesta Esteve Teresa
Published: January 2022

En la «Epístola prohemial» a su traducción de Los Triumphos (1522) de Apiano Alejandrino, Juan de Molina realiza una extensa loa dedicada a Rodrigo de Mendoza, marqués del Cenete. Dicho elogio es, a la vez que panegírico y biografía parcial, una breve crónica –la primera conocida– de la revuelta o guerra civil de las Germanías, que el marqués contribuyó a aplacar. El artículo repasa la importancia de Apiano como historiador, la divulgación y traducciones de su Historia romana, la labor de Molina como traductor y su crítica a los libros de caballerías por mendaces. Se estudia finalmente el contenido detallado de la «Epístola prohemial», teniendo en cuenta su importancia como crónica y su valor como tributo y marca ideológica.
El libro mágico de Zenofor: la singularidad del "Valerián de Hungría"
Authors: Duce García Jesús
Published: January 2022

Entre los motivos relacionados con los grimorios o libros mágicos que abundan en el género de los libros de caballerías, el ejemplo que aparece en el Valerián de Hungría representa una singularidad muy destacable. Se trata del libro del sabio Zenofor, posiblemente el objeto fantástico más original creado por el notario valenciano Dionís Clemente, autor de la obra. El libro de Zenofor reúne elementos maravillosos de diversa índole, relacionados, como resulta pertinente, con el sistema probatorio que deben superar los héroes caballerescos. Ahora bien, el poder más inusitado del libro de Zenofor es la capacidad de reproducir imágenes reales de personas que se encuentran en otros lugares, a modo de una conexión visual, simultánea en el tiempo, entre espacios y dimensiones diferentes. Todo lo cual otorga a este increíble objeto el dominio insospechado de la imagen y la palabra.
El héroe exploratorio en "El cuento del Grial" de Chrétien de Troyes: una interpretación desde el pensamiento de Jordan Peterson
Authors: Sánchez Costa Enrique
Published: January 2022

Este artículo emplea el esquema de representación mitológica de Jordan Peterson (que deriva del análisis de los arquetipos de Jung) para tratar de ofrecer una interpretación novedosa de El cuento del Grial de Chrétien de Troyes. Se concluye que Perceval es el héroe exploratorio que se aventura en el mundo de lo desconocido (el bosque, lo inexplorado, el caos, la Naturaleza, la Gran Madre), para extraer conocimiento que revitaliza la tradición. Al afrontar lo desconocido (el dragón del caos) el héroe arriesga su integridad física y moral. Llega, incluso, a extraviar el ideal durante años, pero su humildad (su apertura cognoscitiva) le salva. Reconoce su ignorancia y renace espiritualmente. Cabe conjeturar, de acuerdo con la lógica interna de esta narración inacabada, que el héroe seguirá buscando la lanza y el Grial; hasta que, encontrándolos, cure la invalidez del Rey Pescador y devuelva la fecundidad a sus tierras (y de ese modo, simbólicamente, redima también a su padre de su muerte desgraciada y reverdezca las tierras de la Yerma Floresta). Así, Perceval, el héroe exploratorio, el conocedor, actualizará lo ya conocido (la caballería, lo explorado, el orden, la Cultura, el Gran Padre), transformándolo creativamente.
Martorell, Joanot, «Tirant lo Blanc», versió completa al català modern de Màrius Serra, Barcelona, Proa, 2020
Authors: Renedo Xavier
Published: January 2022

Ressenya de: Martorell, Joanot, «Tirant lo Blanc», adaptació de Màrius Serra, Barcelona, Proa, 2020.
Characterization of the neurogenic niche in the aging dentate gyrus using iterative immunofluorescence imaging
Authors: Cole John Darby , Sarabia del Castillo Jacobo , Gut Gabriele , Gonzalez-Bohorquez Daniel , Pelkmans Lucas , Jessberger Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Advancing age causes reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, associated with age-related cognitive decline. The spatial relationship of age-induced alterations in neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding cells within the hippocampal niche remains poorly understood due to limitations of antibody-based cellular phenotyping. We established iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i) in tissue sections, allowing for simultaneous detection of 18 proteins to characterize NSCs and surrounding cells in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice. We show that reorganization of the dentate gyrus (DG) niche already occurs in middle-aged mice, paralleling the decline in neurogenesis. 4i-based tissue analysis of the DG identifies changes in cell-type contributions to the blood-brain barrier and microenvironments surrounding NSCs to play a pivotal role to preserve neurogenic permissiveness. The data provided represent a resource to characterize the principles causing alterations of stem cell-associated plasticity within the aging DG and provide a blueprint to analyze somatic stem cell niches across lifespan in complex tissues.
Paraxial mesoderm organoids model development of human somites
Authors: Budjan Christoph , Liu Shichen , Ranga Adrian , Gayen Senjuti , Pourquié Olivier , Hormoz Sahand
Published: January 2022

During the development of the vertebrate embryo, segmented structures called somites are periodically formed from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and give rise to the vertebral column. While somite formation has been studied in several animal models, it is less clear how well this process is conserved in humans. Recent progress has made it possible to study aspects of human paraxial mesoderm (PM) development such as the human segmentation clock in vitro using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs); however, somite formation has not been observed in these monolayer cultures. Here, we describe the generation of human PM organoids from hPSCs (termed Somitoids), which recapitulate the molecular, morphological, and functional features of PM development, including formation of somite-like structures in vitro. Using a quantitative image-based screen, we identify critical parameters such as initial cell number and signaling modulations that reproducibly yielded formation of somite-like structures in our organoid system. In addition, using single-cell RNA-sequencing and 3D imaging, we show that PM organoids both transcriptionally and morphologically resemble their in vivo counterparts and can be differentiated into somite derivatives. Our organoid system is reproducible and scalable, allowing for the systematic and quantitative analysis of human spine development and disease in vitro.
Nyutdannet sykepleier, - forventninger og utfordringer i møte med yrkesrollen
Authors: Bjerkvik Liv Karin , Tschudi-Madsen Christine , Valeberg Berit Taraldsen
Published: January 2022

Studiens hensikt er å utforske forventninger til yrkesrollen, og hvordan nyutdannede erfarer den første tiden som sykepleier. Studien har et deskriptivt retrospektivt design. Metoden er en spørreundersøkelse, og utvalget (N=129) er 36% av uteksaminerte sykepleiere fra et sørnorsk universitet våren 2017. De nyutdannede gledet seg til å begynne å arbeide, men gruet seg for ansvaret som sykepleier og for manglende kompetanse. Den første tiden som yrkesaktiv var preget av redsel for utilstrekkelighet og stor arbeidsbelastning, som korrelerte med lite kjennskap til rutiner og sykdomsrelaterte problemstillinger, utfordringer i klinisk vurdering, lite tilbakemelding og usikkerhet for andres vurdering. Flertallet fikk tidlig selvstendig ansvar, men begrenset opplæring. Studien bekrefter at nyutdannede er lite forberedt på yrkesrollens sammensatte arbeidshverdag, at mentorordninger for nyutdannede bør styrkes, og at utdanningen i større grad bør vektlegge øvelse i selvstendig faglig vurdering. Overgangen til yrkesrollen er fortsatt utfordrende og understreker et behov for mer kunnskap om tiltak som kan endre dette.
Unilateral Bifid Ureter with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Cadaveric Case Report
Authors: Lal Nidhi , Basak Samanwita
Published: January 2022

This is a case report of unilateral bifid ureter with Double Superior Vena Cava (DSVC) which was observed during the routine dissection on a 60-year-old male cadaver. The finding is of interest due to the presence of urogenital and vascular anomalies. The case belonged to the category of incomplete double renal pelvis and ureter along with a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC) with an enlarged coronary sinus and a normal Right Superior Vena Cava (RSVC). Incomplete double ureter with the angled point of junction of the two ureters creates a narrowing that can further obstruct normal flow, predisposing to uretero-ureteric reflux and associated complications such as hydronephrosis, as well as increases the possibility of ureteral injury during surgery. PLSVC is usually an insignificant finding, however, its presence makes it difficult for insertion of central venous catheter via left internal jugular vein and is important to surgeons and interventionalists.
CT Score and Prognosis of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients in COVID 19 Pneumonia
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi , Mehmet Onay , Çetin Murat Altay , Sinem Bayrakçi , Ali Burak Binboğa
Published: January 2022

Background: Covid-19 is infection has a wide range of clinical findings from asymptomatic, mild to severe pneumonia. Respiratory system is the first to be affected in Covid-19, and it has been reported that pathological findings appear before symptoms in CT. Vaccination is recommended against Covid 19 disease. Pulmonary involvement has been reported to be more common in the unvaccinated population.

Aims: In the study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CT score and prognosis in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.

Study Design: CT score and clinical findings in hospitalized patients due to Covid-19 were analyzed retrospectively.

Place and Duration of Study: Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Covid Wards between July 1, 2021, and September 30, 2021.

Methodology: 300 vaccinated or unvaccinated patients (133 male, 167 female) with or without a medical history hospitalized in hospital wards were included in the study. CT and clinical findings of the patients were evaluated. CT score was calculated according to lung lobes involvement rates. Chi-Square Test was used for statistical analyzed.

Results: A total of 300 patients were reviewed. Male gender was 44.3% and female 55.7%. The average age was 57 years (median:57 range:21-96). According to the CT scores; 18.6% mild, 49.3% moderate, 24.6% severe lung involvement was found. 18.6% of the patients were completed vaccinated, 10.6% incompleted-vaccinated, and 70.8% unvaccinated. Pulmonary involvement was mild in 84%, moderate in 16% of the vaccinated patients. In unvaccinated and incompletely-vaccinated; 27% severe, 69% moderate and 4% mild were found. It was determined that 17.6% of patients needed intensive-care. The mean hospitalized stay was 9.2 days (median:8 range:1-38). 7 or less CT scores was related with vaccinated patients (mild). 8-17 CT score was related with unvaccinated (moderate). It was found that patients with a more than 18 CT score (severe lung involvoment) had a longer hospital stay and a more often need for intensive care.

Conclusion: COVID 19 is found to be related with more severe lung damage in unvaccinated patients. In the vaccinated patients the lung damage was milder. A CT score of more than 18 was related with poor prognosis.
Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and Fasting Blood Sugar in Apparently Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Ojeka S. O. , Ibulubo T. G. , Saronee F. , Onwoke E. E.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Anthropometric parameters refer to several quantitative measurements of the body adipose and muscle composition. It serves as an important indicator of nutritive status and physical fitness among adults as well as children.

Aim: This research aims to ascertain the relationship between anthropometric parameters and fasting blood sugar in healthy young adults.

Methodology: This is a randomized cross sectional observational study. 220 apparently healthy students (54 male and 166 female) of Rivers State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology, Port Harcourt were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including Waist Circumference (cm), Abdominal Circumference (cm), Hip Circumference (cm), were taken alongside Fasting blood sugar.

Results: Males respondents were observed to have slightly higher values of waist, abdominal and hip circumferences while females were observed to have slightly higher values of waist to hip ratio. A significant positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and HC (r=0.165, p<0.05) was observed while showing a significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar and WHR (r=-0.149, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Waist, abdominal, hip circumferences and BMI are determined by gender, age and metabolic changes.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle Faeces in Owo Metropolis
Authors: Adeluwoye-Ajayi O. A. , Thomas F. M. , Awoniyi R. R.
Published: January 2022

Escherichia coli which synthesize extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) have been implicated in severe human diseases. There is substantial evidence that cattle faeces have a role in developing and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, raising public health concerns. The study is aimed at detecting ESBL-producing E. coli associated with cattle faeces within Owo metropolis. Freshly passed faecal samples were taken aseptically from 9 apparently healthy cattle that were about to be slaughtered and placed in correctly labeled sterile capped universal bottles with sterile spatula. Using standardized method, Escherichia coli was isolated on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and the expression of ESBL was detected by the double disc synergy test. According to the findings, 25 (55.6%) of the 45 E. coli isolates showed probable production of ESBL during screening and 11 (44.0%) were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The isolates' antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that they were most resistant to gentamicin (81.8%) and least resistant to imipenem (9.1%). As a result, imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Antibiotypes of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates also showed that 9 (81.8%) of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. This studies confirmed that E. coli isolated from bovine faeces had high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and revealed that ESBL-producing bacteria are present in cattle and subsequent consumers. This necessitates the implementation of mitigating strategies to limit the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans.
Immediate Tooth Autotransplantation into Fresh Extraction Sockets: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Sakkas Andreas , Mischkowski Robert A. , Thiele Oliver C.
Published: January 2022

Autologous tooth transplantation has been used in various indications to replace missing teeth. In this case series, we investigated the long-term outcomes following immediate tooth autotransplantation into fresh extraction sockets in young individuals in our center. A consecutive retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at the clinic of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery at Ludwigshafen hospital in Germany. Demographic factors, indication for tooth autotransplantation, donor site, and recipient site were extracted from patient records. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of 11 autotransplanted teeth were evaluated in a follow-up observation period ranging from 20 to 78 months. A total of 11 tooth transplantations were carried out in nine patients during the study period. Chronic apical periodontitis, non-restorable extended caries, hypodontia, ectopical eruption and accidental trauma were the reasons for tooth transplantation. Overall, nine third molars, one second molar, and one canine were autotransplanted. Donor teeth were mandibular third molars in seven cases, maxillary third molars in two cases, a maxillary second molar in one case, and a maxillary canine in one case. Six donor teeth had completely formed roots and five had incompletely developed roots and an open apex at the time of surgery. After a mean follow-up of 44 months, 10 cases (90.9%) were successful; one case failed because of root resorption and uneventful bone remodeling. In four cases, external root resorption was observed. No pulp revascularization was observed during the recall period. The survival rate and success rate of tooth autotransplantation were 90.9% and 63.6%, respectively. Our results are in agreement with other published observations. We conclude that autologous tooth transplantation into fresh extraction sockets in young individuals has a high long-term success rate. Although the indications for autotransplantation are quite narrow, careful patient selection coupled with an appropriate surgical technique can lead to exceptional long-term functional results.
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Harzburgite Xenoliths of Lake Guinnadji and Ngao Djalsoka Volcano from the Dibi Area (Adamawa Plateau - Cameroon)
Authors: Adama H. , Nkouandou O. F. , Bardintzeff J. M. , Mbainassem M. Y. , Non-Allah N. M’ , Atouba L. C. Okomo , Ndassa Z. N. Njankouo
Published: January 2022

Petrographic and geochemical studies have been carried out on the peridotite xenoliths included in the pyroclastite deposits from the Lake Guinnadji and Ngao Djalsoka volcano close to the Dibi locality in the Adamawa plateau, central Cameroon. The peridotite xenoliths exhibit protogranular and porphyroclastic textures, and are composed of olivine, orthopyroxene and minor amount of clinopyroxene, amphibole (?) and spinel, typical of harzburgite type. ICP-MS and ICP-OES analyses of representative samples show that they are in the range of those of the primitive mantle origin (42.4-45.0 wt.% MgO, 65.7-79.0 wt.% normative olivine). Decreasing SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents vs increasing MgO trends evidence depletion from more fertile mantle by extraction of basaltic melts, leaving a refractory residue of harzburgite composition. High contents of REE and incompatible elements point out secondary enrichment processes which have affected the peridotite xenoliths. For this, metasomatism caused by silicate fluids is invoked. In that way, peridotites of Dibi area witness of the nature and the evolution of lithospheric mantle under the Adamawa plateau.
Black Pepper: Its Health Benefits
Authors: Jogdand Sangita , Singh Sejal
Published: January 2022

Black pepper has a scientific name of‘piper nigrum’is an unripe fruit of peppercorn which is dried, it is a flavor enhancer in food, besides also has health benefits, it contains bioactive compound piperine which adds a spicy taste to it being an antioxidant it reduces risk of various life-threatening illnesses (atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and neurological conditions) and also increases bioavailability of various nutrients, piperine at any given dose weakens memory impairment, in low dose piperine potentially  increases neuronal density in hippocampus. Black pepper boosts HCL in stomach and has antispasmodic properties. Active compounds present play a significance in stimulating leucocytes increasing immunity against various pathogens. It is given along with iron supplements to improve its bioavailability without any adverse reaction. Piper Nigrum given in significant amount enhances learning and memory inadequacy related to AlCl, also exhibits anticholinesterase activity preventing nerve degeneration. In the ongoing COVID scenario biologically active compounds in piper nigrum:  piperdardiine and piperanine are markedly effective against COVID‐19, hence is preferred as a medication. Black pepper rectifies the lipid profile, along with degree of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride in patients with cardiovascular diseases, piper nigrum being prosperous in having constituents of vanadium in it contributes in boosting and recovering fron cardiac function after a myocardial infarction and dealing with pressure overload–induced hypertrophy by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases. Piper nigrum can boost melanocyte proliferation and bring back pigmentation to depigmented skin, therefore this could possibly be the treatment for vitiligo. Alkaloid constituent of black pepper, bring to bear anticancer properties in a wide range of malignancies.
A Rare Finding of Abundant Crystals in Thyroid FNAC
Authors: Kumaresan Devikala , Lilly Mary
Published: January 2022

Thyroid is a versatile endocrine organ. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the famous technique which is safe, easy to perform, cost effective and more accurate in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Our case shows a rare presentation of numerous calcium oxalate crystals within the colloid in thyroid smear which indicates degenerative and atrophic changes in the follicles, and can also be seen in numerous other benign and systemic conditions which roots the underlying pathology and helps in treatment as well as stays as a unique rare finding.
Gingival Recession among the Patients Wearing Fixed Braces Visiting Dental College of Larkana
Authors: Shar Mor Khan , Nisar Amna , Raza Aalishan Ali , Sohoo Sarang , Batool Zahra , Memon Abdul Bari , Abro Mehran Mazhar
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate gingival recession among the patients wearing fixed braces visiting dental college of Larkana.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Bibi Aseefa Dental College (BADC) Larkana December 2018 to February 2020.

Methodology: This study was carried out at Bibi Aseefa Dental College Larkana. The patients were recruited with consecutive sampling technique. The gingival recession was evaluated clinically using Miller`s classification. A structured questionnaire was used for the information relevant to oral hygiene status. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-23.0.Chi-square test was applied between the gender and gingival recession at 95% confidence interval.

Results: Males were 23% and females were 77%. The mean age was 21.03±4.684.The class-I recession was observed in 6% patients and Class-II was in 2% patients. The gingival recession was observed in 8.5% patients. There was significant relationship between gingival recession and gender (p-value-0.018).

Conclusion: It is concluded that there were many patients facing the problem of gingival recession during treatment. There was significant association of gender and gingival recession.
Pleural Biopsy in Evaluation of Malignant Pleural Effusion- A Review
Authors: Babu Reshma , Jadhav Ulhas , Wagh Pankaj , Vohra Mona
Published: January 2022

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is one of the common presentation of many carcinoma including lung, breast and lymphomas. It is very important to make an etiological diagnosis of the MPE cases without any delay as treatment depends on its cause. Cytopathological examination of fluid for malignant cells is the easiest and most sensitive method for detecting malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Despite cytology being a sensitive test, many patients remain undiagnosed, then there is a need of histopathological examination of pleura. Invasive procedures like Closed pleura biopsy (CPB) or thoracoscopy was recommended. CPB was earlier considered an investigation of choice in cases of undiagnosed pleural effusion with good efficacy Since the emergence of medical thoracoscopy (MT), use of CPB in the diagnosis of cytology negative MPE is gradually declining. However, due to the high cost and challenges associated with the surgery, thoracoscopy is only used in a restricted number of cases. CPB is less reliable than cytopathological testing of fluid or MT in determining MPE. Yet, it is a simple procedure with little procedure -related complication. The purpose of this article is to assess the clinical presentation and approach to MPE, as well as the role of CPB in diagnosing MPE and to investigate the benefits and drawbacks of CPB.”
A Study of Carotid Doppler and Highly Specific C Reactive Protein in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Macrovascular Complications
Authors: Gokhale Vijayashree S. , Parati Rupesh S. , Yadav Ponvijaya , Mehta Keyuri
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetes has a multitude of macrovascular complications, one of them being Carotid artery Atherosclerosis leading to stenosis and predisposing patient to Stroke. A hypothesis put forward is the presence of low-grade inflammation in Diabetic patients, which may enhance atherosclerosis. A study was planned to assess Carotid artery stenosis and HsCRP levels in Diabetic patients, so as to identify at risk group and take measures to prevent complications such as stroke and ischemic heart disease.

Aim: To study the patients by clinical parameters, ultrasound carotid doppler study, and estimation of HsCRP with patients of type II DM.

Study Design: Cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Department of General Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Pune from July 2019 – September 2021.

Methodology: The study included 50 subjects with type 2 DM (as per inclusion and exclusion criterion). All participants were explained the nature of the study and after informed consent all subjects were clinically examined and were subjected to carotid artery doppler and HsCRP levels.

Results: In our study 16% had carotid stenosis of <50% while 8% had >50%. However, 42% had increased intima-media thickness. On the other hand, 52% subjects had raised HsCRP levels.

Conclusion: In our study, Carotid Stenosis and impending stenosis was seen in significant number of Diabetic patients of more than 5 years duration, who also had higher HsCRP levels.
Factors Associated with Delayed Presentation among Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Mangi Munawar Hussain , Bashir Rubina , Rahim Seema , Paras .
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Breast cancer in women is one of the most common tumors in women worldwide. Throughout Pakistan, there have been multiple reasons that cause a delay in the presentation of breast cancer and many reasons are neither reported nor studied. The objective of our study is to provide detailed estimates on the prevalence and causes of delays in order to plan targets for intervention.

Materials Methods: This is a Quasi-Experimental study done at Department of General surgery, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Lyari Karachi from September 2018 to August 2020. We recorded the histories of 200 women by conducting structured interviews after their written consent and noted their mean age, standard deviation, early symptoms, and reasons for delayed presentation. Only patients who discovered their symptoms are included in the study.We then conducted the analysis on early and advanced stage patients using SPSS Version 20.

Results: The mean patient's age was 44.2 ± 4.13years, where 200 females were observed with a maximum age of 70 years and minimum age of 20 years in our data. Approximately 49% of breast cancers were advanced stage and about 69% had a rural residence, while painless bump was observed in 91% of women,hospital distance was less and more than 60 minutes and that’s has hindered presentation too. Similarly, about 71.2% of breast cancer patients presented with advanced-stage disease. We observed the most common factor to be a painless lump and misdiagnosed first visit.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that distance, rural residence, painless breast lump, and misdiagnosis are the most common reason of delay presentation by the patients and should be intervened.
Tongue Reconstruction by Nasolabial Flap
Authors: Shelke Saurabh , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: January 2022

Background: The nasolabial flap is an easy, however untrained, modest tissue reconstruction process with an honest delivery of blood that may be utilized to restore minor tissue defects within the hollow mouth region. The study's intention turned into to peer how a success inferiorly primarily based completely nasolabial flaps had been for restore in sufferers with early mouth maximal cancer. 

Methods:  A total of twenty-eight sufferers with T- or T2 malignant mass of the tongue which had reconstructions, the use of the inferiorly primarily based nasolabial flap was investigated retrospectively. All of the sufferers blanketed with inside the studies had their flap viability, wound issues, infections, function, scar, and recurrence mentioned post-operatively. After the manner, all sufferers had been monitored for at least six months.

Results: The nasolabial flap is used to restore abnormalities withinside the buccal mucosa, oral commissure, decreased lip, lateral border of the tongue, demanding palate, and mouth floor. The flap becomes a success in all sufferers without a recurrence. The beauty and purposeful results have been each satisfactory. Minor complications include postoperative trismus, immoderate wound contracture, ectropion, infection, and wound dehiscence passed off in a few sufferers. One of the maximum not unusual place issues in most male sufferers becomes intraoral hair boom over the flap employed.

Conclusions: The NLF is a feasible and adaptable choice for restoring small to intermediate deficits of the oral hole area due to ablation of early tumors of the oral hole area if proper interest is paid to flap design, operational approach, and postoperative treatment.
The Ayurvedic Concept of Kshavathu as Related with Western Concept of Allergic Rhinitis – A Review
Authors: Sivabalaji K. , Bhutada Roshna , Jain Shraddha
Published: January 2022

Individuals with Kshavathu for chronic periods develop long-standing complications which affect the immune system manifested as respiratory diseases. Poor life style habituates such as physical inactivity, exposure to mist, wind, dust, sleep disruption increase are the factors responsible for nasal disorder symptoms and their severity. As allergic rhinitis may results from an IgE mediated or a non- IgEmediated immune response, it is also important to have an anti-allergic strategy  to make the patient symptom- free for a longer period. The attempt is made to minimize the allergic rhinitis features   related to kshavathu such as paroxysmal sneezing, its crucial feature.  Kshavathu not only indicates simple sneezing but a vast pathology exists behind this clinical condition. Kshavathualso is associated with several conditions that affects the patients day- to-day life pressuring the need to understand and identify the interventions that could help in managing the risk factors, especially with healthy individuals who are at risk of immune impairment. The Ayurveda protocol includes Nasya (nasal drops) and internal medication as possible interventions to reduce the risk of complications and improve immune response. Treatment modality emphasis the tolerance of nasal mucosa to the aerial allergens to keep the patient symptom - free. Nasya with Vata Kapha Hara medication and internal medicine which addresses both the factors Agni and elimination of the Doshas should be administered. Therefore, this review paper attempts to explain various consequences of Kshavathu mentioned in classic texts and also enlists the management ofits complications.
Inevitable Impact of Steroids and Mucormycosis – A Review
Authors: Mishra Nirbhay Kumar , Kumar Sanjesh , Singh Mansi , Panda Siva Prasad
Published: January 2022

The human population remains in the threat of the Pandemic of COVID 19 till date with one another faces of it. The second wave of the pandemic led population into vain again with yet another danger of the third wave. The use of the steroids for controlling and treatment of the upsurge during the second wave remained a trend. The uncontrolled use of steroids invites the secondary infection mucormycosis also called black fungus which affected the population badly. Mucormycosis is opportunistic infection that acquired immune compromised patients with COVID 19 and steroids in treatment paradigm. Most of the patients with high blood glucose levels and diabetes faced this threat and created pandemic in pandemic again. The reviews focus on the positive and negative both prospects of the steroidal use and how steroids were the leading cause of the blowout of the Black fungus infection.
Case Report on Fibroid Uterus
Authors: Bhoge Harshada , Maurya Archana
Published: January 2022

Uterine fibroids are also known as leiomyomas or myomas are muscular tumors that can form on the uterus. They seldom become malignant, and having them does not increase your risk of uterine cancer. Fibroids come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and locations. They can be found inside your uterus, on the surface, or in the uterine wall. They may also have a stalk or stem-like structure that connects them to the uterus.

Main symptoms and/or important clinical findings: Constipation, backache, or leg discomfort since 4 month, monthly bleeding for more than a week since 4 month, pelvic pressure or discomfort since 4 month, frequent urination since 4 month, difficulties emptying the bladder.

Nursing perspectives: fluid replacement that has been administered, i.e. DNS and RL checked vital signs and blood pressure every hour, kept an intake and output chart, and made sure the patient had enough rest and sleep. Medication was administered in accordance with the doctor's orders.
Effects of Light-Curing Techniques on Dental Resins - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hassan Saeed Awod Bin , Alfaifi Ayman Mousa A. , Otudi Abdulrahman Mohammed Nasser
Published: January 2022

Background: Commonly used dental resin composites are used as dental filling materials with the help of light induced polymerization reaction. The purpose of this cross-sectional research was to compare the results of different light intensities on the hardness of different dental composites. Following light treatment units were used.

QTH also called Quartz Tungsten Halogen

LED also called Light Emitting Diodes

Methods:  This one-month cross-sectional, in-vitro study was carried out in the Dental Materials Laboratory in Saudi Arabia. Using non-probability, convenient sampling, a single trained operator prepared 60 dental restorative composites (DRC) samples in steel molds with a diameter of 10mm and each mold was 2mm thick. During the polymerization of DRCs, the effects of light intensities, sorption and solubility, and microhardness were all measured. SPSS was used for statistical analysis and a p-value of <0.05 was declared striking.

Results:  When QTH and LED lamps were used, the average micro hardness of DRC was estimated to be 15.480.46 and 18.260.53, respectively. The mean light intensity of QTH was 434 mW/cm2 and for LED lights it was 925mW/cm2. There was no notable difference in DRC sorption and solubility capability (p=0.001) during the polymerization reaction (p=0.128).

Conclusion:  When it came to increasing the surface micro hardness of DRC, LED light was found to be more effective than QTH light.
A Review on Vocal Cord Palsy: Complications and Management
Authors: Agarwal Shivi , Totey Mansi , Kulkarni Shrawani , Gaurkar Sagar
Published: January 2022

Vocal cord paralysis is a multifaceted problem that affects people of all ages and is initially diagnosed by various healthcare providers. It is a common condition that occurs due to the obstruction of nerve impulses from the brain to the voice box. It ranges from slight hoarseness to fatal, life-threatening complications. To get to the exact diagnosis, determining the etiology of paralysis is essential. For restoration of normal function, accurate diagnosis has proven to be helpful. Vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is a. reasonably common condition caused by a vagus nerve or its recurrent laryngeal nerve branch disease process. The nerve’s longer length causes increased vulnerability. Peripheral lesions to the vagus are responsible for 90% of VCP (Vocal cord paralysis). Etiology includes scarring due to intubation or inflammatory disorders, iatrogenic causes like surgical traumas, malignancy, CNS pathologies like stroke, CNS tumors, and systemic diseases like ALS, Guillain barre syndrome. Vocal cord paralysis can cause consequences such as a weak cough, trouble swallowing, dysphagia, stridor, hoarseness, aspiration risk, granuloma formation, airway blockage, and a lower quality of life. Various treatment modalities like tracheostomy, usage of botulinum toxin, adenoidectomy, cordotomy, reinnervation, and gene therapy are used. For this narrative review, a literature search was undertaken using "unilateral and bilateral vocal cord palsy" and "dysphagia" in the Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a problematic and distressing condition that affects both adults and children. Surgical procedures such as tracheostomy, adenoidectomy, cordotomy, and laryngeal reinnervation have been used to treat this condition successfully. Treatment modalities should be individualized according to the patient's clinical features and physician's expertise.
Effect of Methotrexate and Linoleic Acid on BAX/BCL2 Ratio in Human Hepatocyte Cell
Authors: Kabakci Ayse Gül , Kaplan Halil Mahir , Şingirik Ergin , Bozkır Memduha Gülhal
Published: January 2022

Aims: To investigate the effect of methotrexate and linoleic acid on BAX/BCL 2 ratio in human hepatocyte cell.

Study Design: Original Research Article.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in partnership with the Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Pharmacology of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, using the laboratory facilities of the Department of Medical Pharmacology.

Methodology: Human hepatocyte cell line (CRL-11233) cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection Organization (ATCC) were used. Expressions of apoptotic pathway markers, apoptosis inducing factor  BAX, BCL2 and BAX/BCL2 were evaluated. All analyzes were examined in four groups (Group 1; control, Group 2; linoleic acid given, Group 3; methotrexate given and Group 4; linoleic acid and methotrexate given).

Results: The mean ± standard error values of the obtained results as nanogram / milliliter (ng / ml) are in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV, respectively; BAX values, 0.900 ± 0.1864, 1.002 ± 0.2098, 8.352 ± 1.467 and 4.295 ± 1.522, BCL 2 values, 13.93 ± 1.198, 13.92 ± 1.739, 2.938 ± 1.059 and 9.250 ± 1.492 and BAX/BCL2 values 0.065, 0.072, 2.843 and 0.464.

Conclusion: While BAX/BCL2 level increased in the group given methotrexate, it decreased in the group given linoleic acid and methotrexate.
Preliminarily Phytochemical Screening, Anti Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Macrotyloma Uniflorum (Horse Gram) Leaf Ethanolic Extract on Selected Oral Pathogens
Authors: Vasishta P. A. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu
Published: January 2022

Aim: To know the Preliminary phytochemical screening, Anti Inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity Macrotyloma uniflorum (Horse gram) leaf ethanolic extract on selected oral pathogens.

Introduction: Macrotyloma uniflorum also known as horse gram is a plant grown for feeding horses, rarely by humans and also in Ayurvedic cuisine. This plant is a legume from tropical southern Asia which belongs to the family of Fabaceae and the kingdom of Plantae.

Materials and Methods: Macrotyloma uniflorum ethanolic plant extract was made and statistical analysis was done using various methods in order to know the anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties by preliminary phytochemical screening.

Results and Discussion: The polyphenolic compounds flavonoids and tannins appear to be the most promising in Macrotyloma uniflorum ethanolic plant extract.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated in vitro antioxidants and anti- inflammatory activities of Macrotyloma uniflorum leaf extract through scavenging, chelating and reducing   activity.
Decline of ergothioneine in frailty and cognition impairment
Authors: Kondoh Hiroshi , Teruya Takayuki , Kameda Masahiro , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2022

Ergothioneine is a well‐known antioxidant that is abundant in both human red blood cells and in fission yeast responding to nutritional stress. In frail elderly people, whose ageing organs undergo functional decline, there is a correlation between ergothioneine levels and cognitive, but not skeletal muscle decline. In patients suffering from dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease with hippocampal atrophy, deteriorating cognitive ability is correlated with declining ergothioneine levels. S‐methyl‐ergothioneine, trimethyl‐histidine and three other trimethyl‐ammonium compounds also decrease sharply in dementia, whereas compounds such as indoxyl‐sulfate and quinolinic acid increase, possibly exacerbating the disease. Using these opposing dementia markers, not only diagnosis, but also therapeutic interventions to mitigate cognitive decline may now become possible.