bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Center Experience on Screening Oncology Patients for Covid-19 Before Anti-Cancer Treatment
Authors: NAMAL ESAT
Published: November 2020

The most important factor in the transmission of the COVID-19 is asymptomatic carriers. We’ve tested all oncology patients , that receive anti-cancer therapy, for COVID-19. We aimed to determine the rate of asymptomatic carriers, and analyze the clinical and ra- diological findings of infected patients. Oncology patients who have indications of receiving anti-cancer treatment in the hospital were tested for COVID-19, two day prior to their treatment even if they were asymptomatic by collecting nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR for viral RNA detection. Positive patients, underwent inspiratory phase of chest computed tomography examination. Infected patients were given the recommended treatment for COVID-19. PCR test was positive in 28 of 312 patients that we tested, and the positivity rate was 8.9%. Three patients (10.7%) had symptoms, 25 patients (89.3%) had no symptoms. Covid-19 testing before anti-cancer treatment may be recommended in order to continue their treatment without any problems and to prevent the risk of transmission due to the high rate of asymptomatics in infected patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Chemotherapy, Oncology
Transvaginal Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: Revisited in Modern Gynecology
Authors: Shastri Shraddha S , Darawade Sameer P , Yedage Nikita R
Published: November 2020

Background

To evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications and to evaluate recurrence of vault prolapse in women who have undergone unilateral (left) sacrospinous ligament fixation.

Aim

To evaluate safety, effectiveness, and ease of sacrospinous ligament fixation for prevention and treatment of vaginal vault prolapse.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted between January 2016 and October 2017 at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune. This study included 106 patients (out of which18 had vault prolapse and 88 patients had III or IV degree uterine prolapse). Concomitant hysterectomy and sacrospinous ligament fixation were done in 88 patients with uterine prolapse, and patients with vault prolapse underwent sacrospinous ligament fixation. Sacropinous ligament fixation was combined with any other additional procedure if required for that patient.

Results

All complications including intraoperative and postoperative were noted in all patients. One patient had rectal injury (n = 1; 0.94%), 1 patient had abscess (n = 1; 0.94%), 1 patient had hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (n = 1;0.94%), 1 patient had cystocele (n = 1; 0.94%), 3 patients had urinary tract infection (n = 3; 2.8%), 16 patients had postoperative fever (n = 16; 15%), 21 patients had postoperative pain (n = 21; 20%), and 2 patients had sciatic neuralgia (n = 2; 2.8%). No recurrence of vault prolapse was noted.

Conclusion

Sacrospinous ligament fixation is a safe, effective, and simple procedure for prevention and treatment of vaginal vault prolapse.

How to cite this article

Shastri SS, Darawade SP, Yedage NR. Transvaginal Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: Revisited in Modern Gynecology. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(3):155–158.
The Film Cheat
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: November 2020

Murray Pomerance, venerated film scholar, takes on the “cheat” in film, where “cheating” constitutes a collection of production, performance, and structuring maneuvers intended to foster the impression of a screen reality that does not exist as presented. Approaching the “cheat” in novel ways, through numerous critical angles, he shows how cinema’s usual call for a suspension of disbelief in the viewer rests on the assumption that disbelief is problematic for spectatorship, and that we must find some way to “suspend” or “disconnect” it--to “cheat”-- in order to allow for the entertainment of the fiction in its own terms.

The Film Cheat explores forty-five aspects of the “cheat,” analyzing classic films from classics such as Singin’ in the Rain and Chinatown to more contemporary films like The Revenant and Baby Driver, with Pomerance engaging his encyclopedic knowledge of film history to point out numerous instances of suspension of disbelief. Whether or not Gene Kelly is actually dancin' in the rain, or whether Elliot is really flying on his bicycle carrying E.T., these cheats are what make movie magic.

Elegantly weaving the narrative for one to dip into at random or to read from cover to cover, Pomerance turns things upside down so that the audience actually finds pleasure in the cheat itself, pleasure in the disbelief. To see the elegant fake, the supremely accomplished simulacrum is a pleasure in its own right, indeed one of the fundamental pleasures of cinema.
Editorial Terapia e Reabilitação
Authors: Lopes António
Published: November 2020

Editorial do Coeditor de Terapia e Reabilitação, Prof. António Lopes.
Elevated 3D structures of PM2.5 and impact of complex terrain-forcing circulations on heavy haze pollution over Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Shu Zhuozhi , Liu Yubao , Zhao Tianliang , Xia Junrong , Wang Chenggang , Cao Le , Wang Haoliang , Zhang Lei , Zheng Yu , Shen Lijuan , Luo Lei , Li Yueqing
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Deep basins create a uniquely favorable condition for the formation of air pollution, and the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in Southwest China is such a basin featuring frequent heavy pollution. A wintertime heavy haze pollution event in SCB was studied with conventional and intensive observation data and the WRF-chem model to explore the three-dimensional distribution of PM2.5 for understanding the impact of regional pollutant emissions, basin circulations associated with plateaus, and downwind transport to the adjacent areas. It was found that the vertical structure of PM2.5 over SCB was characterized with a remarkable hollow sandwiched by high PM2.5 layers at heights of 1.5–3 km and the highly polluted near-surface layer. The southwesterlies passed over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yunan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) resulted in a lee vortex over SCB, which helped form and maintain heavy PM2.5 pollution. The basin PM2.5 was lifted into the free troposphere and transported outside of SCB. At the bottom of SCB, high PM2.5 concentrations were mostly located in the northwest and southern regions. Due to the blocking effect of the plateau terrain on the northeasterly winds, PM2.5 gradually increased from northeast to southwest in the basin. In the lower free troposphere, the high PM2.5 centers were distributed over the northwestern and southwestern SCB areas, as well as the central SCB region. For this event, the regional emissions from SCB contributed 75.4–94.6 % to the surface PM2.5 concentrations in SCB. The SCB emission export was the major source of the PM2.5 over the eastern regions of TP and the northern regions of YGP, with contribution rates of 72.7 % and 70.5 %, respectively, during the dissipation stage of heavy air pollution over SCB, which was regarded as the major pollutant sources affecting atmospheric environment changes in Southwest China.
Storm Xaver over Europe in December 2013: Overview of energy impacts and North Sea events
Authors: Kettle Anthony James
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Storm Xaver on 5–6 December 2013 was a serious winter storm in northern Europe with important impacts on societal and energy infrastructure. The storm's low pressure centre passed eastward north of Scotland, across the North Sea and southern Scandinavia, and into the Baltic region. The trajectory resulted in strong northwest winds and a cold air outbreak southward across the North Sea. The resultant convection system was associated with powerful wind gusts and freezing precipitation that impacted the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The storm caused coastal flooding that was comparable with the most serious North Sea surge events of the 20th century. The primary impact for energy meteorology was a large scale electrical power loss in the northern part of the British Isles, Sweden, Poland, and parts of Germany. Petroleum production was reduced as offshore platforms were evacuated ahead of the storm. For wind energy, a number of onshore turbines were damaged by the gust field. Other societal impacts included travel and transport interruptions, building damage, forest damage, and coastal erosion. Because of the high water levels and sea state in the North Sea, the storm was important for offshore wind energy. The wind energy research tower FINO1 sustained unexpected damage during the storm, similar to previous wave strikes during Storm Britta (2006) and Storm Tilo (2007). A closer analysis is made of the tide gauge records across the North Sea to understand the progression of the storm surge and identify high amplitude, short-period features that may be linked to unusual seiches, meteotsunamis, or infragravity waves. Similar to previous storms, there is an indication that large infragravity waves during Storm Xaver may have had an impact on North Sea transport and energy infrastructure as well as coastal erosion. The review of information from different sources permits the met-ocean conditions and resultant societal/energy impacts to be related in time and space.
Evaluating two soil carbon models within the global land surface model JSBACH using surface and spaceborne observations of atmospheric CO2
Authors: Thum Tea , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Tsuruta Aki , Aalto Tuula , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Liski Jari , Luijkx Ingrid T. , Markkanen Tiina , Pongratz Julia , Yoshida Yukio , Zaehle Sönke
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The trajectories of soil carbon in our changing climate are of the utmost importance as soil is a substantial carbon reservoir with a large potential to impact the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) burden. Atmospheric CO2 observations integrate all processes affecting carbon exchange between the surface and the atmosphere and therefore are suitable for carbon cycle model evaluation. In this study, we present a framework for how to use atmospheric CO2 observations to evaluate two distinct soil carbon models (CBALANCE, CBA, and Yasso, YAS) that are implemented in a global land surface model (JSBACH). We transported the biospheric carbon fluxes obtained by JSBACH using the atmospheric transport model TM5 to obtain atmospheric CO2. We then compared these results with surface observations from Global Atmosphere Watch stations, as well as with column XCO2 retrievals from GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite). The seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO2 estimated by the two different soil models differed. The estimates from the CBALANCE soil model were more in line with the surface observations at low latitudes (0–45∘ N) with only a 1 % bias in the seasonal cycle amplitude, whereas Yasso underestimated the seasonal cycle amplitude in this region by 32 %. Yasso, on the other hand, gave more realistic seasonal cycle amplitudes of CO2 at northern boreal sites (north of 45∘ N) with an underestimation of 15 % compared to a 30 % overestimation by CBALANCE. Generally, the estimates from CBALANCE were more successful in capturing the seasonal patterns and seasonal cycle amplitudes of atmospheric CO2 even though it overestimated soil carbon stocks by 225 % (compared to an underestimation of 36 % by Yasso), and its estimations of the global distribution of soil carbon stocks were unrealistic. The reasons for these differences in the results are related to the different environmental drivers and their functional dependencies on the two soil carbon models. In the tropics, heterotrophic respiration in the Yasso model increased earlier in the season since it is driven by precipitation instead of soil moisture, as in CBALANCE. In temperate and boreal regions, the role of temperature is more dominant. There, heterotrophic respiration from the Yasso model had a larger seasonal amplitude, which is driven by air temperature, compared to CBALANCE, which is driven by soil temperature. The results underline the importance of using sub-annual data in the development of soil carbon models when they are used at shorter than annual timescales.
A numerical model study of the main factors contributing to hypoxia and its interannual and short-term variability in the East China Sea
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Fennel Katja , Laurent Arnaud , Bian Changwei
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A three-dimensional physical-biological model of the marginal seas of China was used to analyze interannual and intra-seasonal variations in hypoxic conditions and identify the main processes controlling their generation off the Changjiang (or Yangtze River) estuary. The model was compared against available observations and reproduces the observed temporal and spatial variability of physical and biological properties including bottom oxygen. Interannual variations of hypoxic extent in the simulation are partly explained by variations in river discharge but not nutrient load. As riverine inputs of freshwater and nutrients are consistently high, promoting large productivity and subsequent oxygen consumption in the region affected by the river plume, wind forcing is important in modulating interannual and short-term variability. Wind direction is relevant because it determines the spatial extent and distribution of the freshwater plume, which is strongly affected by either upwelling or downwelling conditions. High-wind events can lead to partial reoxygenation of bottom waters and, when occurring in succession throughout the hypoxic season, can effectively suppress the development of hypoxic conditions, thus influencing interannual variability. A model-derived oxygen budget is presented and suggests that sediment oxygen consumption is the dominant oxygen sink below the pycnocline and that advection of oxygen in the bottom waters acts as an oxygen sink in spring but becomes a source during hypoxic conditions in summer, especially in the southern part of the hypoxic region, which is influenced by open-ocean intrusions.
Contribution of the nongrowing season to annual N2O emissions from the
continuous permafrost region in Northeast China
Authors: Gao Weifeng , Gao Dawen , Song Liquan , Sheng Houcai , Cai Tijiu , Liang Hong
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Permafrost regions store large amounts of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, which are major sources of greenhouse gas. With climate warming, permafrost regions are thawing, releasing an abundance of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and contributing to climate warming. Numerous studies have shown the mechanism of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the permafrost region during the growing season. However, little is known about the temporal pattern and drivers of nongrowing season N2O emissions from the permafrost region. In this study, N2O emissions from the permafrost region were investigated from June 2016 to June 2018 using the static opaque chamber method. Our aims were to quantify the seasonal dynamics of nongrowing season N2O emissions and its contribution to the annual budget. The results showed that the N2O emissions ranged from −35.75 to 74.16 μg·m−2·h−1 during the nongrowing season in the permafrost region. The mean N2O emission from the growing season were 1.75–2.86 times greater than that of winter and 1.31–1.53 times greater than that of spring thaw period due to the mean soil temperature of the different specified periods. The nongrowing season N2O emissions ranged from 0.89 to 1.44 kg ha−1, which contributed to 41.96–53.73 % of the annual budget, accounting for almost half of the annual emissions in the permafrost region. The driving factors of N2O emissions were different among during the study period, growing season, and nongrowing season. The N2O emissions from total two-year observation period and nongrowing season were mainly affected by soil temperature, while the N2O emissions from growing season were controlled by soil temperature, water table level, and their interactions. In conclusion, nongrowing season N2O emissions is an important component of annual emissions and cannot be ignored in the permafrost region.
African Anthropogenic Emissions Inventory for gases and particles
from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Keita Sekou , Liousse Catherine , Assamoi Eric-Michel , Doumbia Thierno , Touré N’Datchoh Evelyne , Gnamien Sylvain , Elguindi Nellie , Granier Claire , Yoboué Véronique
Published: November 2020

Abstract. There are very few African regional inventories providing biofuel and fossil fuel emissions. Within the framework of the DACCIWA project, we have developed an African regional anthropogenic emission inventory including the main African polluting sources (wood and charcoal burning, charcoal making, truck, car, buses and two wheels vehicles, open waste burning and flaring). To this end, a database on fuel consumption and emission factors specific to Africa was established, using the most recent measurements. New spatial proxies (road network, power plant geographical coordinates) were used to convert national emissions into gridded inventories at a 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution. This inventory includes carbonaceous particles (black and organic carbon) and gaseous species (CO, NOx, SO2 and NMVOC) for the period 1990–2015 with a yearly temporal resolution. We show that all pollutant emissions are globally increasing in Africa during the period 1990–2015 with a growth rate of 95 %, 86 %, 113 %, 112 %, 97 %, and 130 % for BC, OC, NOx, CO, SO2 and NMVOC, respectively. We also show that West Africa is the highest emitting region of BC, OC, CO and NMVOC, followed by East Africa, largely due to domestic fire and traffic activities, while Southern Africa and Northern Africa are the highest emitting regions of SO2 and NOx due to industrial and power plant sources. Emissions from this inventory are compared to other regional and global inventories and its uncertainties are quantified by a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, this inventory highlights key pollutant emission sectors in which mitigation scenarios should focus on. The DACCIWA inventory (https://doi.org/10.25326/56, Keita et al., 2017) including the annual gridded emission inventory for Africa for the period 1990–2015 are distributed from the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/). For review purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where subsets of the DACCIWA data can be accessed directly https://www7.obs-mip.fr/eccad/essd-surf-emis-dacciwa/.
SGD-SM: Generating Seamless Global Daily AMSR2 Soil Moisture
Long-term Productions (2013–2019)
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yuan Qiangqiang , Li Jie , Wang Yuan , Sun Fujun , Zhang Liangpei
Published: November 2020

Abstract. High quality and long-term soil moisture productions are significant for hydrologic monitoring and agricultural management. However, the acquired daily soil moisture productions are incomplete in global land (just about 30 %∼80 % coverage ratio), due to the satellite orbit coverage and the limitations of soil moisture retrieving algorithms. To solve this inevitable problem, we develop a novel 3D spatio-temporal partial convolutional neural network (CNN) for Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) soil moisture productions gap-filling. Through the proposed framework, we generate the seamless global daily (SGD) AMSR2 soil moisture long-term productions from 2013 to 2019. To further validate the effectiveness of these productions, three verification ways are employed as follow: 1) In-situ validation; 2) Time-series validation; And 3) simulated missing regions validation. Results show that the seamless global daily soil moisture productions have reliable cooperativity with the selected in-situ values. The evaluation indexes of the reconstructed (original) dataset are R: 0.683 (0.687), RMSE: 0.099 m3/m3 (0.095 m3/m3), and MAE: 0.081 m3/m3 (0.078 m3/m3), respectively. Temporal consistency of the reconstructed daily soil moisture productions is ensured with the original time-series distribution of valid values. Besides, the spatial continuity of the reconstructed regions is also accorded with the context information (R: 0.963∼0.974, RMSE: 0.065∼0.073 m3/m3, and MAE: 0.044∼0.052 m3/m3). More details of this work are released at https://qzhang95.github.io/Projects/Global-Daily-Seamless-AMSR2/. This dataset can be downloaded at https://zenodo.org/record/3960425 (Zhang et al., 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3960425).
Groundwater Level Forecasting with Artificial Neural Networks: A
Comparison of LSTM, CNN and NARX
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Broda Stefan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. It is now well established to use shallow artificial neural networks (ANN) to obtain accurate and reliable groundwater level forecasts, which are an important tool for sustainable groundwater management. However, we observe an increasing shift from conventional shallow ANNs to state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) techniques, but a direct comparison of the performance is often lacking. Although they have already clearly proven their suitability, especially shallow recurrent networks frequently seem to be excluded from the study design despite the euphoria about new DL techniques and its successes in various disciplines. Therefore, we aim to provide an overview on the predictive ability in terms of groundwater levels of shallow conventional recurrent ANN namely nonlinear autoregressive networks with exogenous inputs (NARX), and popular state-of-the-art DL-techniques such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN). We compare both the performance on sequence-to-value (seq2val) and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) forecasting on a 4-year period, while using only few, widely available and easy to measure meteorological input parameters, which makes our approach widely applicable. We observe that for seq2val forecasts NARX models on average perform best, however, CNNs are much faster and only slightly worse in terms of accuracy. For seq2seq forecasts, mostly NARX outperform both DL-models and even almost reach the speed of CNNs. However, NARX are the least robust against initialization effects, which nevertheless can be handled easily using ensemble forecasting. We showed that shallow neural networks, such as NARX, should not be neglected in comparison to DL-techniques; however, LSTMs and CNNs might perform substantially better with a larger data set, where DL really can demonstrate its strengths, which is rarely available in the groundwater domain though.
Technical note: Discharge response of a confined aquifer with variable
thickness to temporal nonstationary random recharge processes
Authors: Chang Ching-Min , Ni Chuen-Fa , Li We-Ci , Lin Chi-Ping , Lee I-Hsian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This work develop a transfer function to describe the variation of the integrated specific discharge in response to the temporal variation of the rainfall event in the frequency domain. It is assumed that the rainfall-discharge process takes place in a confined aquifer with variable thickness, and it is treated as nonstationary in time to represent the stochastic nature of the hydrological process. The presented transfer function can be used to quantify the variability of the integrated discharge field induced by the variation of rainfall field or to simulate the discharge response of the system to any varying rainfall input at any time resolution using the convolution model. It is shown that with the Fourier-Stieltjes representation approach a closed-form expression for the transfer function in the frequency domain can be obtained, which provide a basis for the analysis of the influence of controlling parameters occurring in the rainfall rate and integrated discharge models on the transfer function.
A skewed perspective of the Indian rainfall–El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship
Authors: Schulte Justin , Policielli Frederick , Zaitchik Benjamin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Wavelet coherence is a method that is commonly used in hydrology to extract
scale-dependent, nonstationary relationships between time series. However,
we show that the method cannot always determine why the time-domain
correlation between two time series changes in time. We show that, even for
stationary coherence, the time-domain correlation between two time series
weakens if at least one of the time series has changing skewness. To
overcome this drawback, a nonlinear coherence method is proposed to
quantify the cross-correlation between nonlinear modes embedded in the time
series. It is shown that nonlinear coherence and auto-bicoherence spectra
can provide additional insight into changing time-domain correlations. The
new method is applied to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and
all-India rainfall (AIR), which is intricately linked to hydrological
processes across the Indian subcontinent. The nonlinear coherence analysis
showed that the skewness of AIR is weakly correlated with that of two ENSO
time series after the 1970s, indicating that increases in ENSO skewness
after the 1970s at least partially contributed to the weakening ENSO–AIR
relationship in recent decades. The implication of this result is that the
intensity of skewed El Niño events is likely to overestimate India's
drought severity, which was the case in the 1997 monsoon season, a time
point when the nonlinear wavelet coherence between AIR and ENSO reached its
lowest value in the 1871–2016 period. We determined that the association
between the weakening ENSO–AIR relationship and ENSO nonlinearity could
reflect the contribution of different nonlinear ENSO modes to ENSO
diversity.
NATIONAL SMART CITIES STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN: THE TURKEY’S SMART CITIES APPROACH
Authors: Bayar D. Y. , Guven H. , Badem H. , Soylu Sengor E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, cities need sustainable approaches that take care of the future in order to meet the needs that arise with population activity. Accordingly, for making cities more livable, the necessity of ensuring efficient use of urban sources and planning urban infrastructures brings the smart city concept into the forefront. The smart city solutions are frequently applied by many local governments and stakeholders. For this reason, there is a need to support the collaboration of all relevant actors and to provide a common national strategic perspective among smart city stakeholders. In the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the objectives of smart cities and national geographic information services are determined as “to make infrastructure works in order to establish smart cities, to improve the spatial management in cities with the help of technology, to share data to improve public services and to be the focus of national geographical information” and studies on these objectives have been completed. Accordingly, the “2020–2023 National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan” has been prepared in order to establish a national strategic view on smart cities and draw a road map under the policy ownership of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. By the implementation of this strategy and action plan with the vision of "Livable and Sustainable Cities that Add Value to Life", a new process of transformation and change will be provided to cities that take care of the real needs of citizens, adopting participatory governance by using resources effectively.
Towards a compound event-oriented climate model evaluation: A
decomposition of the underlying biases in multivariate fire and heat
stress hazards
Authors: Villalobos-Herrera Roberto , Bevacqua Emanuele , Ribeiro Andreia F. S. , Auld Graeme , Crocetti Laura , Mircheva Bilyana , Ha Minh , Zscheischler Jakob , De Michele Carlo
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Climate models' outputs are affected by biases that need to be detected and adjusted to model climate impacts. Many climate hazards and climate-related impacts are associated with the interaction between multiple drivers, i.e. by compound events. So far climate model biases are typically assessed based on the hazard of interest, and it is unclear how much a potential bias in the dependence of the hazard drivers contributes to the overall bias and how the biases in the drivers interact. Here, based on copula theory, we develop a multivariate bias assessment framework, which allows for disentangling the biases in hazard indicators in terms of the underlying univariate drivers and their statistical dependence. Based on this framework, we dissect biases in fire and heat stress hazards in a suite of global climate models by considering two simplified hazard indicators, the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the Chandler Burning Index (CBI). Both indices solely rely on temperature and relative humidity. The spatial pattern of the hazards indicators is well represented by climate models. However, substantial biases exist in the representation of extreme conditions, especially in the CBI (spatial average of absolute bias: 21 °C) due to the biases driven by relative humidity (20 °C). Biases in WBGT (1.1 °C) are small compared to the biases driven by temperature (1.9 °C) and relative humidity (1.4 °C), as the two biases compensate each other. In many regions, also biases related to the statistical dependence (0.85 °C) are important for WBGT, which indicates that well-designed physically-based multivariate bias adjustment should be considered for hazards and impacts that depend on multiple drivers. The proposed compound event-oriented evaluation of climate model biases is easily applicable to other hazard types. Furthermore, it can contribute to improved present and future risk assessments through increasing our understanding of the biases’ sources in the simulation of climate impacts.
Multidecadal preconditioning of the Maud Rise polynya region
Authors: van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we consider Maud Rise polynya formation in a long (250-year) high-resolution (ocean 0.1∘, atmosphere 0.5∘ horizontal
model resolution) of the Community Earth System Model. We find a dominant multidecadal timescale in the occurrence of these Maud Rise
polynyas. Analysis of the results leads us to the interpretation that a preferred timescale can be induced by the variability of the Weddell Gyre,
previously identified as the Southern Ocean Mode. The large-scale pattern of heat content variability associated with the Southern Ocean Mode
modifies the stratification in the Maud Rise region and leads to a preferred timescale in convection through preconditioning of the subsurface
density and consequently to polynya formation.
Fracture attribute scaling and connectivity in the Devonian Orcadian Basin with implications for geologically equivalent sub-surface fractured reservoirs
Authors: Dichiarante Anna M. , McCaffrey Ken J. W. , Holdsworth Robert E. , Bjørnarå Tore I. , Dempsey Edward D.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fracture attribute scaling and connectivity datasets from analogue
systems are widely used to inform sub-surface fractured reservoir models in
a range of geological settings. However, significant uncertainties are
associated with the determination of reliable scaling parameters in surface
outcrops. This has limited our ability to upscale key parameters that
control fluid flow at reservoir to basin scales. In this study, we present
nine 1D-transect (scanline) fault and fracture attribute datasets from
Middle Devonian sandstones in Caithness (Scotland) that are used as an
onshore analogue for nearby sub-surface reservoirs such as the Clair field,
west of Shetland. By taking account of truncation and censoring effects in
individual datasets, our multiscale analysis shows a preference for
power-law scaling of fracture length over 8 orders of magnitude (10−4
to 104 m) and kinematic aperture over 4 orders of magnitude (10−6 to 10−2 m). Our assessment of the spatial organization (clustering and
topology) provides a new basis for up-scaling fracture attributes collected
in outcrop- to regional-scale analogues. We show how these relationships may
inform knowledge of geologically equivalent sub-surface fractured
reservoirs.
Wind-induced seismic noise at the Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station
Authors: Frankinet Baptiste , Lecocq Thomas , Camelbeeck Thierry
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Icequakes are the result of processes occurring within the ice mass, or between the ice and its environment. Studying icequakes provide a unique view on the ice dynamics, specifically on the basal conditions. Changes in conditions due to environmental, or climate, changes, are reflected in icequakes. Counting and characterizing icequakes is thus essential to monitor them. Most of the icequakes recorded by the seismic station at the Belgian Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station (PE) have small amplitudes corresponding to maximal displacements of a few nanometres. Their detection threshold is highly variable because of the rapid and strong changes in the local seismic noise level. In this study, we evaluated the influence of katabatic winds on the noise measured by the well-protected PE surface seismometer. Our purpose is to identify whether the lack of icequakes detection during some periods could be associated with variations in the processes generating them or simply to a stronger seismic noise linked to stronger wind conditions. We observed that the wind mainly influences seismic noise at frequencies greater than 1 Hz. The seismic noise level well correlates linearly with the wind velocity, but this correlation follows different linear laws at wind velocity lower and greater than 6 m/s, with a respective variation of 0.4 dB/(m/s) and 1.4 dB/(m/s). These results allowed presenting a model and synthetic spectrogram that explain the behaviour of the wind-induced seismic noise at PE. This model enables us partially removing the influence of wind impact from the original seismic dataset, which improves the observation of cryoseismic activity near the PE station.
Essential Moral Sources of Ethical Standards in Child and Youth Care Work
Authors: Magnuson Douglas
Published: November 2020

It is proposed that an ethical framework for child and youth care practice should take into account the differences between descriptive ethical inquiry on the one hand and normative and analytical ethical inquiry on the other. This will help us avoid the error of deriving our ethical principles from our practices, when in fact what we need is a moral criterion originating outside our practice that is not based on efficiency. Mattingly (1995) suggests this in recommending that we “Develop an ethical vision.” This ethical vision should take into account the domains of morality proposed by Taylor (1989), including respect for human life, issues of what makes a rich, meaningful life, and ideas about dignity. Doing so may provide a moral foundation not just for a code of ethics, but a moral framework for evaluating the entire range of our practice with children and youth.
Beyond the Rhetoric
Authors: McPhatter Anna , Ganaway Traci
Published: November 2020

Culturally effective practice remains elusive within child welfare agencies. Recognizing the hierarchical nature of becoming culturally competent, this article presents specific strategies that enhance cultural effectiveness at the individual, interprofessional, middle management, and upper management levels. The approaches evolve from a five-stage model of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Becoming culturally competent requires a clear assessment of where the individual practitioner and agency are on the change continuum. The article also explores barriers to culturally competent practice, with a focus on multilevel strategies that work within child welfare agencies.
Growing Together
Authors: Fewster Gerry
Published: November 2020

The term “relationship” is used to describe many forms of interaction between youngsters and adults. In this chapter it is suggested that the “personal” relationship provides the critical learning context in the field of child and youth care. The nature of this relationship is analyzed and discussed.
Attachment Development is “In”
Authors: Maier Henry
Published: November 2020

The current focus of research in the discipline of child and youth development is upon attachment development. In the fields of child and youth care practice, efforts are beginning to apply these recent findings to care approaches. In order to sustain the trend, this article outlines concretely, and step-by-step, a study of attachment development and, subsequently, the application of this knowledge to the day-by-day practice of the care of children and youth having to live away from their families.
“Have You any Tudor Underwear?” Punch on the Perils of Historically Accurate Fancy Dress
Authors: Marshik Celia
Published: November 2020

The British humor magazine Punch skewered many fashions during its long history, but in the first decades of the twentieth century, fancy dress costumes were a repeated target of its satire. The magazine particularly deflated attempts at historical accuracy in fancy dress even though some contemporaries, like Virginia Woolf, recorded that historical costumes enabled a kind of embodied cognition. After providing a brief account of period interest in historically-accurate fancy dress, this article examines a range of Punch cartoons published between 1913 and 1939. I argue that cartoonists used satire to position the costuming trend as rooted in self-aggrandizement. Instead of depicting characters that learn about the past by wearing historical garb, Punch represents them attempting to transcend their social class or to assume hyperbolic gender roles through costume. While skeptical of the value of wearing historical fancy dress, the accuracy with which Punch cartoonists represent period costumes indicates that they too saw fashion as offering a mediated form of historical knowledge. Collectively, the magazine presented a visual guide to the styles of the past while suggesting that readers can avoid embarrassing themselves by reading about, rather than wearing, historical garb.
Función masticatoria en adultos jóvenes chilenos de ambos sexos
Authors: Muñoz Alexandra , Sandoval Vanessa , Lillo María Belén , Tapia Catalina , Vargas Javiera , Fernández María Angélica , Quezada Camilo , Inostroza-Allende Felipe
Published: November 2020

La masticación es una función motora rítmica, condicionada y aprendida que se altera en adultos jóvenes ante la presencia de un trastorno temporomandibular. Caracterizar el proceso masticatorio en adultos jóvenes sin quejas por desorden miofuncional orofacial, es fundamental para la evaluación fonoaudiológica. El objetivo del trabajo es describir y comparar la función masticatoria en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos sin quejas. Participaron 38 adultos distribuidos en dos grupos. Grupo1 (19 hombres: edad de 25.05±4.45 años) y grupo 2 (19 mujeres: edad de 25.21±3.98 años). Todos con un mínimo de 24 piezas dentarias permanentes y sin quejas orofaciales. Se evaluó la función masticatoria, la autopercepción de síntomas asociados a trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular, la calidad de vida, la movilidad mandibular y la permeabilidad nasal funcional. Los resultados muestran que la masticación del alimento testado se caracteriza en ambos grupos por una incisión anterior, una trituración eficiente, posterior y con cierre labial sistemático. Además, se observa que prevalece un patrón masticatorio bilateral alternado, 94,8% en hombres y 73,8% en mujeres. El número de ciclos masticatorios por porción es de 12,53 en hombres y 14,95 en mujeres, con un tiempo masticatorio promedio de 9,7 y 12,17, respectivamente. Los grupos se diferencian significativamente en el tiempo masticatorio, en la amplitud de los movimientos de distancia interincisal máxima activa y en la lateralidad mandibular a derecha. Se concluye que la función masticatoria en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos sin problemas por desorden miofuncional orofacial, se caracteriza por una incisión anterior, una trituración posterior y eficiente, un patrón masticatorio bilateral alternado y un cierre labial sistemático.
Sensibilidad y especificidad del Test ScreeLing en usuarios afásicos en etapa aguda: un análisis preliminar
Authors: Mora-Castelletto Valentina , Hermosilla-Gotschlich Camila , Márquez-Espinoza Constanza , Puelma-Pistelli Sofía , Valdés-Flatow Paulina , Sáez-Martínez Josette , Letelier-Vera Bernardita , Fuentes-López Eduardo , Méndez-Orellana Carolina
Published: November 2020

En Chile, entre un 20% y un 38% de los usuarios que sufren un ataque cerebro-vascular (ACV) presentan afasia. Pese a su alta prevalencia no existen herramientas validadas que permitan realizar una caracterización lingüística temprana de la afasia. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la versión en español del ScreeLing en una muestra de usuarios afásicos después de producido un ACV. Se trata de un estudio transversal analítico en el cual se aplicó el test ScreeLing a 13 usuarios afásicos tras primer evento de ACV en etapa aguda (< 6 semanas tras ACV) y a 56 adultos neurológicamente sanos. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el nivel comprensivo y el lenguaje espontáneo de usuarios con afasia, con la versión abreviada del Token Test y Escala de Severidad de la Afasia (ASRS). Se construyeron modelos mediante regresiones logísticas, obteniendo sus respectivas áreas bajo la curva ROC. Los resultados muestran que el equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad para el puntaje global del test ScreeLing se estableció en 67 puntos, obteniendo una sensibilidad del 94,6% y especificidad del 100%. El área bajo la curva ROC alcanzó 0,99 (IC 95%: 0,97-1,00). En las subpruebas sintáctica y fonológica se alcanzó un puntaje de corte de 21 puntos, mientras que en la subprueba semántica se lograron 22 puntos. Se concluye que el ScreeLing en español posee una alta sensibilidad y especificidad para la detección de déficits lingüísticos post ACV similar a los resultados encontrados en la versión original del test en holandés. Esfuerzos futuros deben concentrarse en ampliar la muestra de usuarios afásicos con distintos perfiles de severidad.
Atividade antagonista in vitro de bactérias ácido láticas isoladas de queijo de coalho artesanal do Sertão paraibano frente a microrganismos indicadores
Authors: Brito Leandro Paes de , Pereira Julia Laurindo , Medeiros Rosália Severo de
Published: November 2020

Bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) produzem substâncias inibitórias de patógenos e deteriorantes de alimentos e isso tem despertado interesse sobre seu uso na preservação e na segurança sanitária desses produtos. Assim, o estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade inibitória de Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isoladas de queijo de coalho artesanal do Sertão da Paraíba frente a microrganismos indicadores. A avaliação do potencial antagônico foi realizada pela técnica de difusão em disco frente à estirpe reveladora Escherichia coli, isolada das mesmas amostras de queijos e frente ao patógeno de referência Escherichia coli ATCC 3539. Das 11 estirpes analisadas, 81,8% foram capazes de inibir o microrganismo indicador isolado dos mesmos queijos de coalho, enquanto 36,4% das bactérias láticas apresentaram inibição frente ao patógeno de referência. Conclui-se que as cepas Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isoladas de queijos de coalho do Sertão da Paraíba apresentam potencial antagônico e podem assegurar a qualidade microbiológica de alimentos fermentados, inclusive o queijo de coalho.
Agility in Teacher Training: Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nissim Yonit , Simon Eitan
Published: November 2020

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the world to respond in new and unconventional ways. Quick thinking and unusual flexibility were required whilst operating under conditions of uncertainty and fear. This article deals with agility in the implementation of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic as it occurred at Ohalo College of Education with the outbreak of the epidemic in Israel in March 2020.

Within 48 hours from the moment that Israel’s government announced a nation-wide lockdown, the College shifted from frontal teaching and learning to social distancing and distance teaching. The College adopted agile leadership that led to moving 700 courses to distance learning and teaching, with 150 lecturers and 1,500 students in their homes; the semester continued, but differently, in light of the lockdown and limitations ordered by the government. It is clear that such swift organization, executed with maximum flexibility, did not benefit from proper planning and was far perfect. This article offers a look at academic agility as demonstrated during the transition of a college of education to distance learning under emergency conditions. It will be examined through an analysis of survey responses from students. The goal of the survey was to assess students’ attitudes toward the implementation of this strategy.
Musizieren und Fußballspielen in der Freizeit
Authors: Nowak Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Around 14 million people in Germany regularly play music in their spare time. Many of them are members of wind orchestras or brass bands, who thus make an important contribution to regional (music) culture. However, what are their incentives in this respect? In an online survey of 214 amateur musicians and 123 amateur football players in Hesse, Jennifer Nowak addresses this question in depth. She highlights selected concepts in motivational psychology and subsequently presents the results of her online survey in terms of incentives, personality and flow state. Both the hypotheses she derives from these results plus a blueprint she suggests for encouraging playing music in one’s spare time reveal relevant findings for theory and practice in this regard.
Motivation and Social Support Received in Elderly Care: The Case of Geriatric Palliative Caregivers
Authors: Luis Clamor Wilfred
Published: November 2020

This study describes the experiences on geriatric palliative care of 12 caregivers in Metro Manila. This study looks on the variation of experiences on motivation and social support in caregiving. This study used a qualitative-descriptive research design and involved key informant interviews of caregivers as a research method. Informants were selected through a non-probability sampling technique specifically through a purposive-convenient sampling. Caregivers cite several of motivations for caregiving. Reasons mentioned are identified to be either intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation being cited are emphatic reasons which include framing patient as family; emotional reasons such as emotional attachment; and cognitive reasons which refers to gaining knowledge in caregiving. Extrinsic motivations by caregivers are incentive reasons which include monetary gains; and negative reinforcements such as institutional punishments. In terms of social support received, caregivers mentioned different sources and functions of support they receive. Caregivers cite two types of social support structure or sources, proximal social support and institution based support. For social support function, responses are categorized into intangible and tangible support.