bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What’s on the Menu? Floral Exudate Composition in Areas Subjected to Different Levels of Abiotic Severity
Authors: Silva Maria Virginia Oliveira da , Sfair Julia Caram , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra , Araújo Francisca Soares de , Moonlight Peter Watson , Coutinho Ítalo Antônio Cotta
Published: January 2025

Resource allocation in floral exudate composition is a trade-off between energy cost to the plant and pollinator reward. For example, carbohydrates offer less reward to pollinators but at less cost to the plant when compared with lipids. We suggest plant and community allocation to carbohydrates and lipids may vary across environmental gradients, with plants in resource-limited communities able to allocate fewer resources to higher-cost compounds in floral exudates. Plant and community resource allocation is important for understanding the behavior of pollinators and understanding how it relates to environment may help predict changes in behavior in response to climate change. In this study, we characterized the composition of floral exudates across three sites across a water resource availability gradient. Our results allow us to reject the hypothesis that fewer resources are allocated to pollinator reward in water-poor environments and we suggest that this may be due to increased pollinator competition. Our results also highlight the prevalence of pectins in floral exudates in drier environments, supporting the hypothesis that pectins are required to prevent exudates from crystallizing in drier environments.
Revisão sistemática da literatura científica sobre o uso de sistemas fotovoltaicos para bombeamento de água em regiões semiáridas
Authors: Higo Monturil de Morais Fabricio , Antônio Tavares Lira Marcos , Gomes Reis Lopes Wilza
Published: January 2025

Diversos estudos científicos vêm sendo publicados envolvendo o uso da energia solar fotovoltaica para bombeamento de água. Esta pesquisa busca identificar e analisar a produção científica relacionada à utilização dos sistemas fotovoltaicos para bombeamento de água em regiões semiáridas, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica publicada no período de 2014 a 2023. A pesquisa se deu através de uma busca nas bases Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, e no site Google Acadêmico, considerando artigos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares. Nas bases de dados utilizou-se como string de busca as palavras “photovoltaic”, “water pumping” e “semiarid”, separadas pelo operador booleano AND, para recuperar artigos científicos internacionais. Já no site do Google Acadêmico, os mesmos termos foram inseridos em português, para se recuperar artigos científicos nacionais. Foi utilizado o método PRISMA 2020, através de critérios específicos de inclusão e exclusão para a composição de um banco final de artigos. Foram aplicadas ferramentas da Bibliometria e da Cienciometria, tendo-se, assim, uma visão holística das pesquisas relacionadas com a temática, através da sua evolução e das principais contribuições dos estudos. Constatou-se um baixo volume de publicações, sendo a maioria dos estudos, de cunho técnico. Tendo em vista as áreas temáticas discutidas nesta pesquisa, percebe-se que ainda existe a espaço para novos estudos científicos, principalmente no campo das pesquisas sociais aplicadas e das pesquisas ambientais com foco no cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030.
Comparação florística e estrutural de ambientes inundados e não inundados em duas Unidades de Conservação na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Baia Luan Lucas Ferreira , Jardim Mário Augusto , Ferreira Leandro Valle
Published: January 2025

As limitações ecológicas dificultam a identificação de padrões, moldando a composição e estrutura de comunidades por meio de pressões no ambiente e interações bióticas. Compreender os processos ecológicos que influenciam a variação de espécies entre habitats é um desafio nos estudos de distribuição de diversidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise florística e estrutural em diferentes fisionomias na Floresta Nacional do Amapá e de Caxiuanã na Amazônia Oriental. A pesquisa foi conduzida em duas FLONAS: Amapá e Caxiuanã. Na FLONA do Amapá, foram instaladas quatro parcelas de 1 ha em cada tipo de floresta (Igapó, Terra Firme de Platô e Terra Firme de Baixio), totalizando 12 ha. Na FLONA de Caxiuanã, duas parcelas de 1 ha foram instaladas em cada tipo de floresta (Várzea, Igapó e Terra Firme de Platô), totalizando 6 ha e identificadas as formas de vida com DAP ≥ 10 e classificadas de acordo com a APG IV (2016). A abundância de indivíduos e o número de espécies nas vegetações das FLONAS do Amapá e Caxiuanã foram comparados usando o teste de Mann-Whitney ou Análise de Variância Simples. Para comparar a composição de espécies FLONAS, utilizou-se o teste de dispersão Multivariada (PERMDISP) e Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCoA) para avaliar o agrupamento das amostras. As análises, baseadas na dissimilaridade de Jaccard, foram realizadas no programa R utilizando as bibliotecas Vegan e ggplot2. A composição e riqueza de espécies entre tipos de fisionomias refletem a influência dos fatores históricos e filtros ambientais na formação de nichos ecológicos. A análise revelou baixa dominância das espécies mais abundantes nas florestas de platô, refletindo o bom estado de conservação, enquanto a floresta de várzea em Caxiuanã destaca a importância do manejo sustentável do açaí e outras espécies para evitar a perda de biodiversidade.
Sustainable Self-Healing Coatings: Optimizing Microencapsulation of Biodegradable Linseed and Hemp Seed Oils for Enhanced Corrosion Protection
Authors: Mocan Merve , Sarıkaya Nazife Bengisu
Published: January 2025

Corrosion is one of the biggest challenges in metal surfaces, especially when scratches and impacts damage the coating. Self-healing agents in the coating ensure long-term protection, effectively shielding the metal from corrosion. However, these materials are not environmentally friendly in general. To improve sustainability, we propose encapsulating renewable and biodegradable natural drying oils (linseed and hemp seed oils) to enhance the self-healing properties of the coatings. In-situ polymerization of these urea-formaldehyde microcapsules was performed at 60 °C using different stirring rates (200, 300, and 400 rpm). The structural, morphological, and thermal analyses were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The particle size and oil content measurements were also performed. It was observed that a 300-rpm stirring rate resulted in optimum morphology, particle size, and oil content. 10 wt% microcapsules containing pure epoxy coatings were successfully applied to metal surfaces. It was observed that coatings with microcapsules provided better surface protection compared to pure coatings, and linseed oil-loaded microcapsules outperformed hemp seed oil-loaded microcapsules. These materials hold promise for future self-healing applications that are both effective and environmentally friendly.
Investigation of Gamma Radiation Shielding in NiMnGa-Doped Multifunctional Smart Polymer Composites Using Geant4 and WinXCOM
Authors: Kaya Mustafa , Yalçın Kuzu Serpil , Niksarlıoğlu Seçil , Pekdemir Mustafa Ersin , Kök Mediha
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the gamma radiation shielding efficiency of polymer composites doped with varying amounts of alloy, using software to demonstrate the potential application of innovative materials in radiation protection. Specifically, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) composites doped with NiMnGa at concentrations of 2, 6, 10, and 15% were analyzed across an energy range of 0.0595 to 1.41 MeV using Geant4 and WinXCOM software. The radiation protection ability of the composites and the pure alloy were assessed by calculating key parameters, including the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), linear attenuation coefficient (μ), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). The analyses indicated strong agreement between the results obtained from Geant4 and WinXCOM, demonstrating the performance of the software in investigating the radiation shielding characteristics of polymer-based materials. It was investigated that increasing the amount of NiMnGa in the composite structure significantly enhanced its radiation shielding capabilities. Notably, composites with 15% NiMnGa exhibited superior performance, comparable to traditional heavy metals, while maintaining the lightweight and flexible nature of polymer-based materials. The strong agreement between Geant4 and WinXCOM results further validates the computational approach. These findings highlight the potential of NiMnGa-doped polymer composites as eco-friendly, cost-effective alternatives to lead-based shields for medical and industrial applications, offering enhanced protection with reduced toxicity and environmental impact.
Comparative Forecasting of Some Key Economic Indicators Using Artificial Neural Networks and Ordinary Differential Equations: A Case Study of the Turkish Economy
Authors: Daşbaşı Bahatdin , Taşyürek Murat
Published: January 2025

This study explores the relationships between the USD opening exchange rate, the annual change rate of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the housing loan interest rate in Turkish lira, and the residential construction cost index from January 2015 to May 2024 using data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) methods were employed to model the interactions among these four variables. In the ANN approach, each variable was modeled as the dependent variable in turn, with the remaining three serving as independent variables, resulting in four distinct analyses. The ODE model, on the other hand, provided a holistic analysis by capturing the time-dependent relationships among all four variables simultaneously. The ANN model predictions achieved accuracy rates of 87.2% for the USD opening exchange rate, 91.4% for the CPI annual change rate, 85.9% for the housing loan interest rate, and 93.1% for the construction cost index. Meanwhile, the ODE model demonstrated its strength by offering a more comprehensive framework with an overall accuracy of 94.6%, effectively capturing the complex interdependencies among the variables. These findings highlight the strengths of both approaches: while the ANN model excels in analyzing individual variables, the ODE model offers a broader perspective by integrating all variables into a unified framework. This study contributes to developing economic forecasting models and provides valuable insights for decision-makers, particularly in times of economic uncertainty.
Real-Time Detection of Milk Adulteration with a Portable Multispectral Analysis Device: A Multispectral Sensor and Optimized Logistic Regression Approach
Authors: Durgun Mahmut
Published: January 2025

This study presents the development of a portable, low-cost, and edge computing-based system for real-time milk adulteration detection. Utilizing an AS7265x multispectral sensor and Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense microcontroller, this system employs an optimized logistic regression model to identify starch adulteration in milk samples with near-perfect accuracy. Unlike complex neural network models, the logistic regression model offers simplicity, low power consumption, and efficient operation on microcontrollers. The collected spectral data is processed in real-time, and results are transmitted via Bluetooth for immediate analysis. The system demonstrates high accuracy, portability, and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for use in various stages of the milk supply chain, including farms, processing facilities, and retail points. Future work will explore the detection of other adulterants and the integration of cloud-based analytics to enhance monitoring capabilities. This study provides an innovative approach to ensuring milk quality and consumer safety.
Sensor Layout Design for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Kyung JungHyun , An Jae-Hyoung , Eun Hee-Chang
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the enhancement of optimal sensor placement (OSP) algorithms by incorporating modal reduction constraints and developing combined techniques. The primary goal is to optimize sensor placement for structural health monitoring (SHM), thereby improving the efficiency of information acquisition within practical constraints. The proposed methodology utilizes iterative elimination and combined criteria to evaluate various sensor configurations. Numerical experiments demonstrate distinct sensor layouts derived from diverse algorithmic approaches. The study's novel contributions include the integration of modal strain energy, effective independence (EI), and modal assurance criterion (MAC) techniques into a unified framework, enhancing adaptability to a wide range of SHM scenarios. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-011 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing Mortar Mixtures with Basalt Rubble: Impacts on Compressive Strength and Chloride Penetration
Authors: Rukzon Sumrerng , Rungruang Suthon , Thepwong Ronnakorn , Chaisakulkiet Udomvit , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: January 2025

This research aims to establish a theoretical framework for developing binders from waste materials to reduce cement use in mortar production. It specifically examines the potential of ground basalt rubble (BS) as a supplementary binding material for partially replacing Portland cement Type 1 (OPC) in mortar mixtures. Various substitution ratios of BS, specifically 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by binder weight, were tested while maintaining a constant water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of 0.45. Superplasticizers (SP) were utilized to ensure consistent workability and flow of the mixtures. The SEM-EDS analysis was conducted to examine the microstructure of the cement paste, confirming the presence of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases resulting from the pozzolanic reactions of BS. The findings showed that, at the 7-day test, replacing cement with 10% and 20% basalt rubble (BS) by weight of the binder yielded compressive strengths of 97% and 92% compared to the control (CT) mortar. In contrast, replacements of 30% and 40% BS resulted in compressive strengths of 72% and 60% of the CT mortar, respectively. Results from 28-day tests showed that replacing 10% of OPC with BS not only increased the compressive strength but also significantly decreased chloride penetration compared to the control mortar (CT). This enhancement suggests that BS can effectively replace 10%-20% of cement, with the compressive strength of the mortar ranging from 92% to 107% of that of the control. The findings accentuate the potential of using industrial by-products such as ground basalt rubble to reduce waste, alleviate environmental impacts, and promote the development of sustainable construction materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-013 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Skirt-Raft Foundation Performance Adjacent to Unsupported Excavations
Authors: Ahmed Balqees A. , Saleh Husam M. , Jameel Mina M. , Al-Taie Asmaa
Published: January 2025

The continuous demand for urban development, along with the construction of new buildings, highways, and infrastructure, creates an increasing necessity for excavation activities. Deep excavation near existing buildings can lead to ground instability, potentially causing structural damage to nearby properties. This research aims to investigate methods for enhancing buildings stability from the initial stages of construction, focusing on protecting structures from potential future adjacent excavations. This study utilizes a skirt-raft foundation system, modeled using the finite element software PLAXIS 3D, to evaluate its effectiveness in improving stability and protection. The study analyzed the behavior of raft foundations in clay soil adjacent to excavations ranging from 1 m to 10 m and compared this with the performance of raft foundations with added skirt foundations. The comparison focused on settlement, rotation, and lateral movement of the excavations to assess potential building damage. The results showed that incorporating a skirt foundation significantly enhanced structural stability and reduced excavation-related damage. The implementation of a skirt foundation to a depth of 0.5B (where B is the foundation width) for excavations of similar depth has been shown to significantly reduce damage levels from medium or high to light while also decreasing differential settlement by 80%. It is recommended that adjacent excavation depths should not exceed 0.25B. However, if a skirt foundation is constructed at a depth of 0.5B, the excavation depth can be safely extended to 0.75B. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-018 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation and Restoration of Corrosion-Damaged Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures
Authors: Alsuwaidi Hadif , Al-Sadoon Zaid A. , Altoubat Salah , Barakat Samer , Junaid M. Talha , Maalej Mohamed , Metawa Abdulrahman , Habib Ahed
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the pressing issue of chloride-induced corrosion in post-tensioned (PT) concrete structures, known for their strength and flexibility yet vulnerable to durability issues in extreme climates. The objective is to evaluate corrosion mechanisms in a PT building in the United Arab Emirates and develop a robust restoration strategy. Using a combination of nondestructive and semi-destructive testing methods, this research identifies severe deterioration in critical structural elements, such as steel tendons, PT ducts, and concrete surfaces, largely due to high chloride exposure and aggravated by environmental factors like acid rain and fluctuating temperatures and humidity. The findings reveal serious inadequacies in current maintenance practices, often overlooking long-term corrosion risks in harsh climates. In response, this study proposes a comprehensive repair strategy, including removing damaged materials and applying advanced repair products, protective coatings, and waterproofing measures to enhance the structure's durability. This case study highlights significant concerns regarding structural integrity and provides practical insights into effective maintenance and repair strategies for PT structures. By offering a targeted, sustainable intervention approach, this research contributes to developing PT maintenance protocols, particularly in regions prone to aggressive corrosion, ensuring the longevity and safety of these critical structures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-02 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Performance of a New Composite Double PSSDB Slab System Filled with Recycled Concrete
Authors: Al-Sudani Zaid A. , De’nan Fatimah , Al-Zand Ahmed W. , Abd Rahman Noorhazlinda , Liejy Mohammed C.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the flexural performance of a composite floor system utilizing a profile steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) that was enhanced by adding an additional layer of profile steel sheet (PSS) and infilled with both normal and recycled concrete materials. This improved system is referred to as the double-profile steel sheet dry board (DPSSDB) system. The new DPSSDB concept was proposed to reduce fabrication costs, overall weight, and the depth of the composite floor system compared to traditional composite beam-slab systems. To assess the impact of the additional PSS layer, ten full-scale specimens of both PSSDB and DPSSDB were subjected to four-point static load tests. Additionally, the study investigated the use of lightweight recycled aggregates such as crumb rubber and expanded polystyrene as partial replacements for the aggregates in the infill concrete. The results demonstrated that the DPSSDB system exhibited a 112–170% increase in bending capacity compared to the PSSDB specimens. Partial replacement of concrete aggregates with lightweight recycled materials up to 50% had only a marginal effect on the bending behavior of both PSSDB and DPSSDB specimens compared to those filled with normal concrete. However, replacing 75% of the aggregate with recycled materials led to a 27% reduction in the flexural bending capacity of the DPSSDB specimens compared to those infilled with normal concrete. Additionally, a new method (theoretical equation) was developed to predict the ultimate moment strength (flexural) of the novel DPSSDB composite slab system, which aligned well with the experimental results, achieving a deviation percentage of 0.81% and a mean value of 0.965a. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-03 Full Text: PDF
Flood Hazard Assessment Due to Changes in Land Use and Cover
Authors: Supratman Maman , Kusuma Muhammad S. B. , Cahyono Muhammad , Kuntoro Arno Adi
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the influence of land use changes on the occurrence of flood hazards in the Pondok Karya area, Jakarta, Indonesia. Landsat OLI 8 and 7 from 2002 to 2023 were analyzed with a supervised classification tool using Envi and ArcGIS to investigate land use changes over the period. Additionally, the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS tools were utilized for hydrological and hydraulic assessments under 25 discharge return periods (Q25), using a daily rainfall dataset from 2004 to 2021. The flood hazard index was produced using statistical and GIS methodologies and was based on Neighbourhood Associations (NAs) after qualified hydraulic model performance, indicating a Nash 0.65–Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value. The analysis revealed considerable alterations in land use and cover within the Pondok Karya watershed. Consequently, the percentage of urban areas surged 30%, whereas vegetative cover declined 24%. Additionally, bare land decreased 9%, and water bodies marginally increased 3%. This indicates a 10% increase in the peak flood river flow of Mampang, from approximately 90 m³/s to 100 m³/s within this period. Subsequently, the percentage of high-risk areas increased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 57.14% (eight NAs), whereas the percentage of low-risk areas decreased from 14.29% (two NAs) to 7.14% (one NAs). Moderate-risk areas also decreased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 35.71% (five NAs). The study found that despite vegetative cover exceeding 30%, the capacity of the Mampang River remained inadequate, and the risk of flooding increased with the impact of its conversion. Additionally, the soil properties and social intervention factors contributed to the performance of the inundation model. Our study underscores the need for further research to mitigate flood risks and advocate interventions such as reservoir construction or river normalization in the upper Mampang catchment area. This study is useful for both local and central governments, which act as decision-makers to reduce the risk of flooding. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-04 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Study on Strength and Performance of Foamed Concrete with Glass Powder and Zeolite
Authors: Al-Khazaleh Mahmoud , Krishna Kumar P. , Qtiashat Deya , Alqatawna Ali
Published: January 2025

Cement manufacturing accounts for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. To mitigate environmental impact and achieve “net zero” by 2050, developing cementitious materials that minimize cement consumption is crucial. This research aims to reduce cement usage in Foamed Concrete (FC). The study investigates the mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of FC using two distinct Supplementary Cementitious Admixtures (SCA): Glass Powder (GP) and natural zeolite. Cement was replaced with SCA at varying percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight) in FC. The FC density was adjusted by incorporating foam at 15% and 30% of the total volume of concrete. The study evaluated the flowability of each mix in its fresh state. The mechanical properties were assessed by measuring compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The performance of FC was further analyzed in terms of thermal conductivity, sorptivity, and water absorption. The test results revealed that FC with GP combinations exhibited high flowability and an improved strength-to-density ratio. Additionally, water absorption, sorptivity, and thermal conductivity were significantly reduced compared to conventional FC. An extensive cost-benefit analysis highlighted the feasibility of utilizing common waste materials to produce high-grade FC and assessed the impacts of cementitious admixtures as viable alternatives to cement. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-06 Full Text: PDF
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in a Regional Watershed Using the MIKE 11-NAM Model
Authors: Saad Alaa Hashim , Khayyun Thair S.
Published: January 2025

This study used the MIKE 11 NAM model to model stormwater runoff in a northern Iraqi regional watershed of the Greater Zab River. During model calibration (2003-2017), observed data on streamflow, evaporation, and rainfall were used to optimize the nine model parameters. In order to validate the model, independent data covering the years 2018 through 2022 was used. The model's efficacy was evaluated using statistical performance metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). During calibration (NSE = 0.81, RMSE = 2.2, and R² = 0.82) and validation (NSE = 0.90, RMSE = 6.9, and R² = 0.93), the model's performance demonstrated good agreement between simulated runoff and observed. The good agreement was for the low stream flow values compared to the high ones, due to the low number of parameters, which makes it easier to calibrate. Often, hydrological models do not capture peak flow phenomena, but there is a tendency for a good estimate of the low and medium stream flow values. Approximately 69% of the nutrient flow into the basin originated from the catchment area, which lies inside Iraq, while the remaining 31% came from the Turkey watershed. Future hydrological modeling in the area at the watershed level can utilize this model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-08 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of GPM IMERG Product Against Ground Station Rainfall Data in Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Krisnayanti Denik Sri , Pah Jusuf J. S. , Klau Ralno R. , Decaprio Alex , Syamsumarlin .
Published: January 2025

Benanain River is the longest and largest river on Timor Island, with a length of 132 km and an area of 6,460.12 km². In this region, a significant factor affecting the presence of surface water sources is rainfall. To compensate for the lack or unavailability of automatic Rainfall Data (RD) in the Benanain River Basin (BRB), Global Rainfall Measurement (GPM) data from 1998 to 2018 (20 years) were used. The accuracy of GPM rainfall analysis was obtained when parameter conformity and compatibility with data recorded at Rainfall Station (RS) were maintained. The difficulty of predicting rainfall values, spatially and temporally, in the field led to data gaps and unreliable data for analysis needs. Additionally, RD obtained from observation stations contributed to measuring rainfall because there was insufficient RD for analysis in a few regions. The challenge of accurately predicting rainfall values in the field led to differences in data, rendering it unreliable for analysis. To address this issue, satellite data was required as an alternative method to estimate rainfall. Among a total of 7 RS, only 2 passed rainfall characteristic tests. Following this discussion, Lahurus station showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7046, an RMSE of 25.89, and an NSE of 0.476. In addition, the rainfall characteristic test result for Haliwen Station was 1.66 (R100/R2). The second station that passed was Kaubele Station, signifying a correlation coefficient of 0.7907, RMSE of 25.28, and NSE of 0.604. Additionally, the rainfall characteristic test result for Haliwen Station was 3.04 (R100/R2) and the daily performance of the GPM product in the rainy season with low rainfall (≤ 50 mm) was better compared to extreme rainfall (≥ 100 mm). In this study, corrected GPM daily RD in the range >100 mm was underestimated. This analysis implied that the GPM IMERG Final Run product on daily and monthly rainfall timescales had strong detection capabilities and provided data support for long-time series investigations on Timor Island. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-09 Full Text: PDF
Design of an Educational Game for Children: 'Geometry Forest' Using Construct 2
Authors: Retno Sujacka
Published: January 2025

Early childhood education plays a crucial role in building the foundational knowledge and skills that will be used throughout life. This study aims to design and develop an educational game titled "Geometry Forest" using Construct 2, specifically designed to help children understand basic geometry concepts through an interactive and engaging learning experience. The game integrates learning elements such as recognizing geometric shapes, identifying colors, and enhancing cognitive and motor skills, with attractive graphics and a user-friendly interface. The development process includes concept design, asset creation, implementation, and testing, involving young children to evaluate their engagement, enjoyment, and understanding of the material presented. The results show that "Geometry Forest" effectively improves understanding of geometric concepts while providing an enjoyable learning experience, making it a valuable supplementary tool for learning both at school and home, and contributing to the improvement of early childhood education quality through educational game technology.
Autoeficacia en el Cuidado de la Salud. Adolescentes Deportistas y No Deportistas
Authors: Varela Baltier Erika Minerva , Benavides Pando Elia Verónica , Jiménez Lira Carolina , Ornelas Contreras Martha
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de estudio fue comparar los perfiles de autoeficacia percibida en el cuidado de la alimentación y la salud física entre adolescentes deportistas y no deportistas. La muestra fue seleccionada a través de un muestreo por conveniencia y estuvo conformada por 398 adolescentes de Chihuahua, México, con edades entre 15 y 18 años (M = 16.17, DE = 0.94), donde 109 (27.4%) practicaban deportes y 289 (72.6%) no. Se utilizó la Escala de Autoeficacia en el Cuidado de la Alimentación y Salud Física (ACASF), de 28 ítems distribuidos en cinco factores: ejercicio físico, cuidado de la alimentación, afrontamiento de problemas, evitación del consumo de alcohol y evitación del consumo de tabaco. El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de varianza multivariante (MANOVA) y univariados (ANOVA) indicaron que los adolescentes deportistas presentan mayor autoeficacia percibida, actual y deseada, en el factor ejercicio físico, en comparación con los adolescentes no deportistas. Asimismo, en el factor afrontamiento de problemas, los deportistas  mostraron niveles significativamente más altos de autoeficacia en relación con los no deportistas. En conclusión, este estudio pone de manifiesto el papel predictivo de la práctica de actividad física en la autoeficacia, sugiriendo que una mayor participación en actividades deportivas está asociada con una mayor autoeficacia percibida. Esto resalta la importancia de diseñar intervenciones que fomenten la práctica deportiva entre los adolescentes, lo que podría contribuir a mejorar sus decisiones relacionadas con su bienestar físico y sus hábitos de salud.
Report on the Archaeology of the Lunugamvehera National Park, Sri Lanka
Authors: Mendis Chryshane
Published: January 2025

This report is a survey of the archaeological sites found within the Lunugamvehera National Park in southern Sri Lanka.  The Lunugamvehera National Park (now Yala Block VI) is a designated protected area under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance of Sri Lanka and  listed as a National Park in 1995 to protect the catchment area of the Lunugamvehera Reservoir, which was completed in 1985. The topography of Lunugamvehera is of a gently rolling terrain with several large rock outcrops and small rainfed streams and tanks. Scattered on the rock outcrops are several archaeological monuments of ancient Buddhist monasteries indicating early settlements. Human settlements in the area continued till the 1980s when the population was resettled due to the construction of the reservoir. This survey is based on multiple field visits and contain verified sites as well as potential sites ranging from early historical monastic sites to abandoned 20th century settlements. The report documents ten verified archaeological sites, three potential archaeological sites and thirty five unverified archaeological sites and features. The archaeology of the park has not been studied scientifically and this report hopes to encourage further scientific investigation into the archaeology of the park.
Can Integrity be Safeguarded? Factors Predisposing to Non-Invasive Ventilation Associated Skin Injury (NASI)
Authors: Jayan Nair Pooja
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Over the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy. However, this therapy has been linked to the development of pressure injuries in 10% to 31% of patients, with 5% to 20% of these cases resulting in nasal bridge pressure ulcers. Safeguarding skin integrity in patients on NIV is essential, yet challenging due to factors such as mask pressure, duration of use, and patient skin sensitivity. This study aims to identify and analyse the factors predisposing patients to NASI to develop better preventive strategies.
Objective: The primary objective of the study is to identify factors contributing to Non-invasive ventilation Associated Skin Injury (NASI) in patients on the non-invasive ventilator.
Material & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted.70 patients on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy were recruited for the study. The sampling technique employed was non-probability purposive sampling. Ethical permission was obtained from the local IRB and written informed consent was taken prior to the study. Observation Checklist was used and data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results & Analysis: The findings suggest that majority (37%) patients were above 78 years and 33% between 39-58 and 30% belong to 59-78 years respectively. Mean age is approximately 65.4 years.  The incidence of NASI was noted in 33 % patients and 67% patients did not have any signs and symptoms of NASI. Varying degrees of skin injury was observed in patients with incidence of NASI, 16% experienced first-degree Noninvasive Ventilation Associated Skin Injury (NASI), 12% experienced second-degree NASI, and only 5% were diagnosed with third-degree NASI.  High-frequency factors identified were incorrect positioning or size of the mask, lack of protective skin barrier, infrequent assessment and lack of communication prior to application.
Discussion: This study's findings highlight several factors that predispose patients to NASI. Key among these are the duration of NIV therapy, the type and size of the mask, and patient-specific factors such as skin sensitivity and underlying health conditions.
Conclusion: Prevention of NASI requires a multifaceted approach, including regular skin assessment, appropriate interface selection, padding and securing interfaces adequately, optimizing fit and positioning, implementing pressure relief strategies, maintaining skin hygiene, providing patient education, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals.
Outcomes Of Nurses Led Community-Based Intensive-Phase Drugs Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Treatment Pilot in Montserrado, County, Liberia
Authors: S. Fahnbulleh Shirley , Z. Mianue Lydia
Published: January 2025

Background:  TB Annex Hospital was the only center in the country treating DR-TB in 2017 after Ebola, when the community-based intensive-phase multi-drugs resistant tuberculosis treatment was piloted in Montserrado, County to decongest the DR-TB ward and improve treatment outcomes. To date, there are only two hospitals providing treatment for DR-TB in the country. 
Intervention:  The intervention of the study was to evaluate the implementation of community-based intensive-phase of DR-TB treatment pilot project in Montserrado County that would inform the decentralization of DR-TB treatment centers to mitigate the disease burden.
Methods: A prospective cohort study with real-time data collection, where six DR-TB patients were enrolled into the community-based intensive treatment phase for a period of six to seven weeks (01 July to September 2017). All the patients spent about six months in the TB Annex Hospital before transitioning into the community-based treatment pilot.
Results: Six DR-TB patients (3 or 50% males, 3 or 50% females for Rifampicin were recruited during the study period, with 100% (6/6) recovery rate during the pilot; no defaulter nor death. The patients’ age ranged from 20 years to 35 years, with mean age of 26 years. Half (50%) of the patients were between the ages (25-29 years).  The average length of stay in the initial phase of treatment (i.e. in the TB Annex Hospital) was 224 days or 8 months, while the minimum and maximum days were 155 and 195 days respectively. On the other hand, the average days spent by patients during the home-based treatment were 41 or 6 weeks, while the minimum and maximum days were 33 and 51.
Conclusion: Addressing tuberculosis is one of the major priorities for the Ministry of Health and key health partners in Liberia, there are both human resource and limited human resources and health facilities to manage patients according to standard treatment guidelines. Once patients are stabilized and have at least two-three (3) consecutive negative AFB smears; they can be safely transitioned to home-based or community-based treatment, with active involvement of stakeholders, including nurses, doctors and other family care givers. This helps in reducing crowdedness and workload for staff in facility with limited bed occupancy while promoting health and well-being of patients. Although the sample size used in the study is fewer to generalize the findings, it is important to consider the lessons learnt from the pilot when decentralizing DR-TB treatment in Liberia. There is also a need to increase the awareness of this using the print, electronic and social media to get the message across to the community dwellers. Additionally, getting the community health workers involve is an added benefit.
Cognitive and Technical Competencies of Nursing Professionals in the Application of the Mnemonic Fast - Hug - Bid "Quick Hug"
Authors: Calle Soledad , Troche Virgina
Published: January 2025

Background: The FAST-HUG-BID mnemonic is a checklist designed for critically ill patients.
Aim: To determine the cognitive and technical competencies of nursing professionals in the application of the FAST-HUG-BID "Quick Hug" mnemonic applied to patients in Critical Care Units of the Private Banking Health Fund in La Paz.
Methodology: This research was organized using a cross-sectional study. Data collection took place during the first semester of 2022. The study area was the Private Banking Health Fund, Obrajes Zone in the City of La Paz.
Results: More than 75% have 5 or more years of work experience, and 42% have a Master's degree. Regarding knowledge and practice, the level of knowledge evaluated is minimal in 50% of subjects (χ² = 7.7, P-value < 0.05), accepting the null hypothesis that knowledge and techniques are important factors in the quality of care. The knowledge and technique required to properly apply this mnemonic by professional staff represent one of the best strategies to ensure high-quality nursing services.
Conclusions:  These results underscore the critical importance of closing the gap between academic training, work experience, and the practical application of specific tools such as FAST-HUG-BID in critical care units. Despite having experienced and highly educated staff, the lack of practical knowledge in this specific area suggests the need for more effective and focused continuous education strategies, as well as regular competency assessment to ensure the highest quality in ICU nursing services.
Descriptive Exploratory Qualitative Study of Nurses’ Beliefs and Practices on End-of Life Care:
Authors: Rogado Maria Isabelita , Fernandez Remedios
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study sought to develop a theory based on constructivism that described the experiences of nurses in caring for patients at the end of their life. The researchers endeavored to gather in-depth qualitative information of the participants’ cultural beliefs and practices that influenced their personal beliefs about dying and nursing practices related to the care of patients at the end-of-life.
Method: The study utilized a qualitative descriptive exploratory research approach allowing for further understanding of the topic being explored and for the participants to contribute to the development of new knowledge in the area of EOL care. Data analysis was guided by the Grounded Theory method of Charmaz (2008). Data were collected through an interview among invited convenient samples of ICU nurses who were also participants of the CCNAPI webinar course and who represented various regions in the country. The intent was to investigate a phenomenon to have a better understanding of the existing beliefs and practices of Filipino nurses providing EOL care to ICU patients
Result: There were 4 subthemes related to Pagkalinga (Care) and there were 5 subthemes that supported Pagdamay (Compassion). Three of the subthemes that identify with Pagkalinga namely Mixed Emotion, Attachment and Advocacy, and Spiritual Surrender are all Personal in category while the subtheme Collaboration and Communication is of an Institutional category. Moreover, three of the subthemes that support Pagdamay all belong to the Patient and Family category; only Caring Challenges belonging to a Personal category and Enhancing Institutional EOLC.
Discussion (The General Theory): The participants’ personal experiences of EOLC resulted in the thematic analysis providing the foundation for analyzing qualitative data to support the emerging theory of “Pagkalinga and Pagdamay” (Care and Compassion). It is in this light that the emerging theory developed from the values of caring and compassion is expected to engender a competent EOLC practice
Conclusion: The study concludes that a successful or dignified death experience is not an individual enterprise but a collaborative endeavor among the care giver (nurse), care receiver (patient and family), and care protector (system or institution), guided by a strong value system where the moral principles of Pagkalinga and Pagdamay are primordial in achieving desired goals such as a dignified closure to life and a successful death experience.
Evolving Evidence Practices in Acute Stroke Care
Authors: Zrelak Patricia
Published: January 2025

Acute ischemic stroke care is experiencing a transformative shift, driven by emerging evidence supporting optimized thrombolytic strategies, extended treatment windows, and advanced imaging protocols.
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the non-inferiority—and, in certain aspects, superiority—of tenecteplase over alteplase. With its simplified single bolus administration, enhanced fibrin specificity, and potential for improved recanalization rates, tenecteplase is increasingly recognized as a preferred first-line thrombolytic agent in many treatment algorithms. Additionally, streamlined treatment protocols have contributed to reduced door-in and door-out times for patients requiring transfer to higher-level centers for endovascular stroke interventions.
The conventional 4.5-hour thrombolysis window is also being redefined. Advanced imaging techniques, such as CT perfusion and diffusion-weighted MRI, now enable the identification of salvageable brain tissue beyond standard time constraints. These technologies have facilitated the safe and effective administration of thrombolytics in carefully selected patients, extending the treatment window to as much as 9 hours post-symptom onset.
Wake-up stroke, historically excluded from thrombolytic treatment due to uncertainty around symptom onset time, is now being successfully addressed through imaging-based protocols. Landmark trials, including WAKE-UP and EXTEND, have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of IV thrombolysis in patients showing imaging evidence of salvageable brain tissue, even without a known onset time.
Further advancements include the integration of innovative tools, such as electronic fundoscopy, which has improved the timely detection and management of central retinal artery occlusion, ensuring faster intervention and better outcomes for these high-risk patients.
Despite these significant advancements, challenges persist in translating evidence into practice. Barriers such as equitable access to advanced imaging, variability in protocol adoption, and healthcare system preparedness continue to impact stroke care delivery.
This presentation will synthesize the latest evidence, share clinical insights, and outline practical strategies derived from the experience of an integrated healthcare system in Northern California, comprising 21 stroke centers. Key focus areas include the adoption of tenecteplase over alteplase, leveraging tele-stroke technology for real-time acute care consultation, extending thrombolysis treatment windows, implementing electronic fundoscopy, and optimizing wake-up stroke management protocols.
Social interaction and successful aging in elderly with chronic diseases
Authors: Sumarsih Gusti , Freska Windy , Desriza Tasya , Hernowo Bingar
Published: January 2025

Social interaction plays a crucial role in supporting successful aging, particularly among elderly individuals with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. This study aims to analyze the impact of social interaction on successful aging among elderly people visiting the Andalas Health Center in Padang City. A causal-comparative design with a cross-sectional approach was used, involving 266 elderly individuals who visited the health center between May and June 2023. Data were collected using a Likert-based questionnaire measuring social interaction and successful aging. The results of the correlation test reveal that various aspects of social interaction positively influence dimensions of successful aging, including lifestyle, physical health, and mental health. Participation in social activities had the highest correlation with lifestyle (0.60) and physical health (0.48), while close social relationships correlated positively with lifestyle (0.49), physical health (0.33), and mental health (0.35). Furthermore, satisfaction with social support had the greatest impact on mental health (0.49), followed by physical health (0.39) and lifestyle (0.44), emphasizing the importance of both active social participation and feeling supported in maintaining overall well-being. These findings suggest that enhancing social interaction, particularly through community engagement and strong interpersonal relationships, is a significant factor in improving the quality of life and supporting successful aging, especially for elderly individuals with chronic conditions. Therefore, community-based interventions and health programs that promote social participation and strengthen social support networks are recommended to foster healthier aging.