bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microcirculatory alterations in critically ill COVID-19 patients analyzed using artificial intelligence
Authors: Hilty Matthias Peter , Favaron Emanuele , Wendel Garcia Pedro David , Ahiska Yavuz , Uz Zuhre , Akin Sakir , Flick Moritz , Arbous Sesmu , Hofmaenner Daniel A. , Saugel Bernd , Endeman Henrik , Schuepbach Reto Andreas , Ince Can
Published: October 2022

Background

The sublingual microcirculation presumably exhibits disease-specific changes in function and morphology. Algorithm-based quantification of functional microcirculatory hemodynamic variables in handheld vital microscopy (HVM) has recently allowed identification of hemodynamic alterations in the microcirculation associated with COVID-19. In the present study we hypothesized that supervised deep machine learning could be used to identify previously unknown microcirculatory alterations, and combination with algorithmically quantified functional variables increases the model’s performance to differentiate critically ill COVID-19 patients from healthy volunteers.

Methods

Four international, multi-central cohorts of critically ill COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers (n = 59/n = 40) were used for neuronal network training and internal validation, alongside quantification of functional microcirculatory hemodynamic variables. Independent verification of the models was performed in a second cohort (n = 25/n = 33).

Results

Six thousand ninety-two image sequences in 157 individuals were included. Bootstrapped internal validation yielded AUROC(CI) for detection of COVID-19 status of 0.75 (0.69–0.79), 0.74 (0.69–0.79) and 0.84 (0.80–0.89) for the algorithm-based, deep learning-based and combined models. Individual model performance in external validation was 0.73 (0.71–0.76) and 0.61 (0.58–0.63). Combined neuronal network and algorithm-based identification yielded the highest externally validated AUROC of 0.75 (0.73–0.78) (P < 0.0001 versus internal validation and individual models).

Conclusions

We successfully trained a deep learning-based model to differentiate critically ill COVID-19 patients from heathy volunteers in sublingual HVM image sequences. Internally validated, deep learning was superior to the algorithmic approach. However, combining the deep learning method with an algorithm-based approach to quantify the functional state of the microcirculation markedly increased the sensitivity and specificity as compared to either approach alone, and enabled successful external validation of the identification of the presence of microcirculatory alterations associated with COVID-19 status.
CEF3 is involved in membrane trafficking and essential for secondary cell wall biosynthesis and its mutation enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification in rice
Authors: Jiang Hongrui , Ren Yan , Guo Junyao , Yang Huijie , Zhu Xiaotong , Li Wenhao , Tao Liangzhi , Zhan Yue , Wang Qi , Wu Yuejin , Liu Binmei , Ye Yafeng
Published: October 2022

Background

As one of the most important staple food crops, rice produces large of agronomic biomass residues that contain lots of secondary cell walls (SCWs). Membrane trafficking plays key roles in SCWs biosynthesis, but information association membrane trafficking and SCWs formation in plants is limited.

Results

In this study, we report the function characterization of a rice mutant, culm easily fragile 3 (cef3), that exhibits growth retardation and fragile culm phenotype with significantly altered cell wall composition and reduced secondary wall thickness. Map-based cloning revealed that CEF3 encodes a homologous protein of Arabidopsis STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE2 (SCD2). The saccharification assays revealed that CEF3 mutation can improve biomass enzymatic saccharification. Expression pattern analysis indicated that CEF3 is ubiquitously expressed in many organs at different developmental stages. Subcellular localization revealed that CEF3 is a Golgi-localized protein. The FM4-64 uptake assay revealed CEF3 is involved in endocytosis. Furthermore, mutation of CEF3 not only affected cellulose synthesis-related genes expression, but also altered the abundance of cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 9 (OsCESA9) in the PM and in the endomembrane systems.

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that CEF3 participates in the membrane trafficking that is essential for normal cellulose and other polysaccharides biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall, thereby manipulation of CEF3 could alter cellulose content and enhance biomass enzymatic saccharification in rice plants. Therefore, the study of the function of CEF3 can provide a strategy for genetic modification of SCWs in bioenergy crops.
Exploring the potential of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 for the photosynthetic production of various high-value terpenes
Authors: Blanc-Garin Victoire , Chenebault Célia , Diaz-Santos Encarnación , Vincent Marine , Sassi Jean-François , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne , Chauvat Franck
Published: October 2022

Background

The robust model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 is increasingly explored for its potential to use solar energy, water and atmospheric CO2 for the carbon-neutral production of terpenes, the high-value chemicals that can be used for the production of drugs, flavors, fragrances and biofuels. However, as terpenes are chemically diverse, it is extremely difficult to predict whether Synechocystis is a suitable chassis for the photosynthetic production of various terpenes or only a few of them.

Results

We have performed the first-time engineering and comparative analysis of the best-studied cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 for the photosynthetic production of five chemically diverse high-value terpenes: two monoterpenes (C10H16) limonene (cyclic molecule) and pinene (bicyclic), and three sesquiterpenes (C15H24) bisabolene (cyclic), farnesene (linear) and santalene (cyclic). All terpene producers appeared to grow well and to be genetically stable, as shown by the absence of changes in their production levels during the 5–9-month periods of their sub-cultivation under photoautotrophic conditions). We also found that Synechocystis PCC 6803 can efficiently and stably produce farnesene and santalene, which had never been produced before by this model organism or any other cyanobacteria, respectively. Similar production levels were observed for cells growing on nitrate (the standard nitrogen source for cyanobacteria) or urea (cheaper than nitrate). Furthermore, higher levels of farnesene were produced by cloning the heterologous farnesene synthase gene in a RSF1010-derived replicating plasmid as compared to the well-used slr0168 neutral cloning site of the chromosome.

Conclusions

 Altogether, the present results indicate that Synechocystis PCC 6803 is better suited to produce sesquiterpenes (particularly farnesene, the most highly produced terpene of this study) than monoterpenes (especially pinene).
Differences in trajectory of disease activity according to biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koo Bon San , Eun Seongho , Shin Kichul , Hong Seokchan , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Oh Ji Seon
Published: October 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to stratify patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the trend of disease activity by trajectory-based clustering and to identify contributing factors for treatment response to biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) according to trajectory groups.

Methods

We analyzed the data from a nationwide RA cohort from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics and Targeted Therapy registry. Patients treated with second-line biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs were included. Trajectory modeling for clustering was used to group the disease activity trend. The contributing factors using the machine learning model of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values for each trajectory were investigated.

Results

The trends in the disease activity of 688 RA patients were clustered into 4 groups: rapid decrease and stable disease activity (group 1, n = 319), rapid decrease followed by an increase (group 2, n = 36), slow and continued decrease (group 3, n = 290), and no decrease in disease activity (group 4, n = 43). SHAP plots indicated that the most important features of group 2 compared to group 1 were the baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), prednisolone dose, and disease activity score with 28-joint assessment (DAS28) (SHAP value 0.308, 0.157, and 0.103, respectively). The most important features of group 3 compared to group 1 were the baseline ESR, DAS28, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (SHAP value 0.175, 0.164, 0.042, respectively). The most important features of group 4 compared to group 1 were the baseline DAS28, ESR, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SHAP value 0.387, 0.153, 0.144, respectively).

Conclusions

The trajectory-based approach was useful for clustering the treatment response of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in patients with RA. In addition, baseline DAS28, ESR, prednisolone dose, eGFR, and BUN were important contributing factors for 4-year trajectories.
Cri du chat syndrome patients have DNA methylation changes in genes linked to symptoms of the disease
Authors: Holland Petter , Wildhagen Mari , Istre Mette , Reiakvam Olaug Marie , Dahl John Arne , Søraas Arne
Published: October 2022

Background

Cri du chat (also called 5p deletion, or monosomy 5p) syndrome is a genetic disease caused by deletions of various lengths in the short (p) arm of chromosome 5. Genetic analysis and phenotyping have been used to suggest dose-sensitive genes in this region that may cause symptoms when a gene copy is lost, but the heterogeneity of symptoms for patients with similar deletions complicates the picture. The epigenetics of the syndrome has only recently been looked at with DNA methylation measurements of blood from a single patient, suggesting epigenetic changes in these patients. Here, we conduct the deepest epigenetic analysis of the syndrome to date with DNA methylation analysis of eight Cri du chat patients with sibling- and age-matched controls.

Results

The genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in the blood of Cri du chat patients reveal distinct changes compared to controls. In the p-arm of chromosome 5 where patients are hemizygous, we find stronger changes in methylation of CpG sites than what is seen in the rest of the genome, but this effect is less pronounced in gene regulatory sequences. Gene set enrichment analysis using patient DNA methylation changes in gene promoters revealed enrichment of genes controlling embryonic development and genes linked to symptoms which are among the most common symptoms of Cri du chat syndrome: developmental delay and microcephaly. Importantly, this relative enrichment is not driven by changes in the methylation of genes on chromosome 5. CpG sites linked to these symptoms where Cri du chat patients have strong DNA methylation changes are enriched for binding of the polycomb EZH2 complex, H3K27me3, and H3K4me2, indicating changes to bivalent promoters, known to be central to embryonic developmental processes.

Conclusions

Finding DNA methylation changes in the blood of Cri du chat patients linked to the most common symptoms of the syndrome is suggestive of epigenetic changes early in embryonic development that may be contributing to the development of symptoms. However, with the present data we cannot conclude about the sequence of events between DNA methylation changes and other cellular functions—the observed differences could be directly driving epigenetic changes, a result of other epigenetic changes, or they could be a reflection of other gene regulatory changes such as changed gene expression levels. We do not know which gene(s) on the p-arm of chromosome 5 that causes epigenetic changes when hemizygous, but an important contribution from this work is making the pool of possible causative genes smaller.
An investigation of Plk1 PBD inhibitor KBJK557 as a tumor growth suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gunasekaran Pethaiah , Lee Gong-Hyeon , Hwang Yeon Sil , Koo Bon-Chul , Han Eun Hee , Bang Guel , La Yeo Kyung , Park Sunghyun , Kim Hak Nam , Kim Mi-Hyun , Bang Jeong Kyu , Ryu Eun Kyoung
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer is the second most commonly reported type of cancer worldwide. Approximately 80–85% of lung cancer occurrences are accounted by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) plays multiple roles in cell cycle progression and its overexpression is observed in majority of malignancies, including NSCLC. A combination of frontline drugs and inhibitors targeting the Plk kinase domain (KD) has been used to overcome drug resistance in NSCLC. Plk1 KD inhibitors are highly prone to cross-reactivity with similar kinases, eventually leading to undesirable side effects. Moreover, there have been no reports of Plk1 PBD inhibitors showing antitumorigenic effects on NSCLC cells or animal models so far. To address this issue herein, for the first time, our recently reported Plk1 PBD inhibitor KBJK557 was evaluated for the anticancer potential against NSCLC cells. KBJK557 displayed notable cytotoxic effects in A549, PC9, and H1975 cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that KBJK557-treated cells underwent G2/M cell cycle arrest, triggering subsequent apoptosis. In vivo antitumorigenic activity in xenograft mice model demonstrates that KBJK557-treated mice showed a considerable decrease in tumor size, proving the significances of Plk1 in lung cancer. Collectively, this study demonstrates that KBJK557 can serve as a promising drug candidate for treating the lung cancer through Plk1 PBD inhibition.
A state-of-the-art review of prestressed concrete tub girders for bridge structures
Authors: Wang Jun , Kim Yail J.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of prestressed concrete tub girders for bridge structures, which are a resilient solution to reduce the occurrence probability of disruptive events and to extend the longevity of built-environments. Technical parameters are categorized in accordance with physical characteristics and corresponding contents are examined. Unlike the case of box girders, the open-section tub girders demand secondary structural elements to improve stability. As far as application is concerned, pre- and post-tensioning methods are taken into account with a focus on the implications of geometric variables, on-site splice, and applied forces. The applicability of existing design provisions is also evaluated in the context of live load distributions and end zone cracking. While the strand size of 12.7 mm and 15.2 mm is dominant in the United States, research has commenced on the use of 17.8 mm strands to accommodate a high level of prestressing force. The effectiveness of precast decking panels is elaborated against conventional cast-in-place decks, and the extension of overhangs is delineated.
Inhibition of Glycogen Metabolism Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Cytotoxicity in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Female Mice
Authors: Davidson Cole D , Tomczak Jennifer A , Amiel Eyal , Carr Frances E
Published: October 2022

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors, yet there are no effective, long-lasting treatments for ATC patients. Most tumors, including tumors of the endocrine system, exhibit an increased consumption of glucose to fuel cancer progression, and some cancers meet this high glucose requirement by metabolizing glycogen. Our goal was to determine whether ATC cells metabolize glycogen and if this could be exploited for treatment. We detected glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase (PYG) isoforms in normal thyroid and thyroid cancer cell lines and patient-derived biopsy samples. Inhibition of PYG using CP-91,149 induced apoptosis in ATC cells but not normal thyroid cells. CP-91,149 decreased NADPH levels and induced reactive oxygen species accumulation. CP-91,149 severely blunted ATC tumor growth in vivo. Our work establishes glycogen metabolism as a novel metabolic process in thyroid cells, which presents a unique, oncogenic target that could offer an improved clinical outcome.
Animal Models of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Nishiyama Mitsuru , Iwasaki Yasumasa , Makino Shinya
Published: October 2022

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by unique clinical features and comorbidities, and progress in the analysis of its genetic pathogenesis has been achieved. Moreover, prescribed glucocorticoids are also associated with exogenous Cushing's syndrome. Several animal models have been established to explore the pathophysiology and develop treatments for Cushing's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies reporting animal models of Cushing's syndrome with different features and complications induced by glucocorticoid excess. Exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration in drinking water is widely utilized, and we found that CORT pellet implantation in mice successfully leads to a Cushing's phenotype. Corticotropin-releasing hormone overexpression mice and adrenal-specific Prkar1a-deficient mice have been developed, and AtT20 transplantation methods have been designed to examine the medical treatments for adrenocorticotropic hormone–producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. We also review recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced complications using animal models.
Percutaneous Auricular Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Analgesia and Opioid-Sparing Following Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Proof-of-Concept Case Series
Authors: Finneran John J. , Said Engy T. , Ball Scott T. , Cidambi Krishna R. , Abdullah Baharin , Ilfeld Brian M.
Published: October 2022

We present a case series to demonstrate proof-of-concept for the off-label use of an auricular neuromodulation device—originally developed to treat symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal—to instead provide analgesia and opioid-sparing following knee and hip arthroplasties. Within the recovery room, an auricular neuromodulation device (near-field stimulator system 2 [NSS-2] Bridge, Masimo) was applied to 5 patients. Average daily pain at rest and while moving was a median of 0 to 2 as measured on the 0 to 10 numeric rating scale, while median daily oxycodone use was 0 to 2.5 mg until device removal at home on postoperative day 5. One patient avoided opioid use entirely.
New insights into FAK structure and function in focal adhesions
Authors: Le Coq Johanne , Acebrón Iván , Rodrigo Martin Bárbara , López Navajas Pilar , Lietha Daniel
Published: October 2022

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2) was discovered three decades ago and is now recognised as a key player in the regulation of cell–matrix adhesion and mesenchymal cell migration. Although it is essential during development, FAK also drives invasive cancer progression and metastasis. On a structural level, the basic building blocks of FAK have been described for some time. However, a picture of how FAK integrates into larger assemblies in various cellular environments, including one of its main cellular locations, the focal adhesion (FA) complex, is only beginning to emerge. Nano-resolution data from cellular studies, as well as atomic structures from reconstituted systems, have provided first insights, but also point to challenges that remain for obtaining a full structural understanding of how FAK is integrated in the FA complex and the structural changes occurring at different stages of FA maturation. In this Review, we discuss the known structural features of FAK, the interactions with its partners within the FA environment on the cell membrane and propose how its initial assembly in nascent FAs might change during FA maturation under force.
The persistent effects of corticosterone administration during lactation on the physiology of maternal and offspring mitochondria
Authors: Yap Kang Nian , Andreasen Victoria A. , Williams Ashley S. , Yamada KayLene Y. , Zikeli Shelby , Kavazis Andreas N. , Hood Wendy R.
Published: October 2022

Reproduction and environmental stressors are generally thought to be associated with a cost to the individual experiencing them, but the physiological mechanisms mediating costs of reproduction and maternal effects remain poorly understood. Studies examining the effects of environmental stressors on a female's physiological state and body condition during reproduction, as well as physiological condition of offspring, have yielded equivocal results. Mitochondrial physiology and oxidative stress have been implicated as important mediators of life-history trade-offs. The goal of this investigation was to uncover the physiological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced trade-off between self-maintenance and offspring investment when an animal is exposed to stressful conditions during reproduction. To that end, we manipulated circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels by orally supplementing lactating female mice with CORT and investigated mitochondrial physiology and oxidative stress of both the reproductive females and their young. We found that maternal CORT exposure resulted in lower litter mass at weaning, but mitochondrial performance and oxidative status of females were not impacted. We also found potential beneficial effects of maternal CORT on mitochondrial function (e.g. higher respiratory control ratio) and oxidative stress (e.g. lower reactive oxygen species production) of offspring in adulthood, suggesting that elevated maternal CORT may be a signal for early-life adversity and prepare the organism with a predictive, adaptive response for future stressors.
Portal vein thrombosis on unenhanced MRI: a case series
Authors: Lee Chau Hung
Published: October 2022

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is usually diagnosed on contrast-enhanced CT, MRI or Doppler ultrasound. However, for patients with contraindications to intravenous contrast, its diagnosis is challenging. In these patients, PVT can be detected on unenhanced MRI using T2, T1 and diffusion-weighted imaging. These sequences may also help differentiate between bland PVT, portal pyemia and tumour thrombus. This case series aims to highlight the various appearances of PVT on unenhanced MRI.
Η Ανατολική Στερεά Ελλάδα στην ΥΕ ΙΙΙΓ-ΠρΓ περίοδο
Authors: Σταμούδη Αικατερίνη
Published: October 2022

Η διατριβή αυτή εξετάζει την περίοδο μετά την πτώση των μυκηναϊκών ανακτόρων μέχρι την αρχή της ΠΕΣ (αρχές 12ου αι. έως 1000 π.Χ, περίπου) επικεντρώνοντας στη χονδροειδή, και ιδιαιτέρως στη μαγειρική κεραμική, με δείγμα αναφοράς τον Κύνο, ένα οικισμό στη Λοκρίδα, ο οποίος άκμασε σε αυτή τη χρονική περίοδο, καθώς και το περιβάλλον αυτού στη Στερεά Ελλάδα. Η μελέτη επικεντρώνεται στη φυσιογνωμία αυτής της κεραμικής επιτρέποντας και μια ματιά στην καθημερινότητα του Κύνου και των άλλων σύγχρονων χρονικά και σε συσχετισμό με τον οικισμό θέσεων. Αναζητά να προσδιορίσει τα τυπολογικά, τεχνολογικά και λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά της και να καθορίσει τη μεθοδολογία προσέγγισης ενός υλικού, το οποίο δεν εμφανίζει εμφανή σημάδια εξέλιξης. Επίσης, αποσκοπεί να αναγνωρίσει την κοινωνική, οικονομική και ανθρώπινη διάσταση καθώς και την εσωτερική οργάνωση του οικισμού για την παραγωγή αγγείων αυτής της κατηγορίας. Τέλος, επιχειρεί να ερμηνεύσει πώς και αν οι πολιτισμικές αλλαγές που χαρακτηρίζουν τη μετάβαση από την Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού (ΥΕΧ) στην Πρώϊμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου (ΠΕΣ) αποτυπώνονται μέσα από τη συγκεκριμένη κεραμική και ποιες υπήρξαν οι εκφάνσεις αυτών στον οικισμό του Κύνου.Η εργασία παρέχει έναυσμα για την επέκταση της έρευνας και σε άλλες θέσεις και επιστημονικά πεδία, προκειμένου να καταφανεί ο χαρακτήρας και η δυναμική της χονδροειδούς (μαγειρικής) κεραμικής.
New Trading Strategies Formation Conditions on the Russian Stock Market: the Impact of Sanctions
Authors: Kotov Aleksandr
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the problems and features of the Russian stock market. The long-term dynamics and recent changes in the period after the sanctions implementation are analyzed. Special attention is paid to new market conditions and their impact on trading strategies used by participants of the Russian stock market. The study highlights the key problems faced by traders and investors in the new realities of the Russian stock market. The author examines the problems of liquidity reduction and market volatility increase; he assesses their impact on the market prospects and its participants. Conclusions are given about the presence and/or lack of effectiveness of using various approaches to investing and applying trading strategies. In the final part of the study, conclusions are drawn about the prospects of the Russian stock market, recommendations for adapting trading strategies to its new conditions are given.
The Place of Fintech in the New Trajectory of the Development of Global Financial Markets
Authors: Kuadio Bru Zhan Pol'
Published: October 2022

The article reveals the essence of financial technologies as the introduction of innovative development. It is concluded that in the course of observation there are new cases of accelerated development of the Russian financial system. The review of small financial technologies is carried out. The features of the development of the Russian fintech market are revealed.
The Influence of Organizational Culture on Human Capital and the Efficiency of Organization Management
Authors: Nekrasov I. , Nekrasova E.
Published: October 2022

The article considers the role of organizational (corporate) culture as an environment-forming tool in improving the efficiency of organization management by influencing human capital. The connection of the elements of organizational culture with the effectiveness of investments in human capital, and as a consequence, the achievement of management goals, is shown.
Technologies for Overcoming Economic Sanctions. Iranian Experience
Authors: Vakulenko Ruslan , Lapaev D. , Vinogradova O. , Sokolov R.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the issue of methods for overcoming economic constraints in the long term on the example of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A comparative analysis is made, proving the similarity of the dynamics of macroeconomic foreign trade indicators of Russia and Iran at the time of the introduction of economic restrictions by a number of Western countries. The main directions of economic restrictions against Russia are systematized. Consideration of the Iranian experience of circumventing economic restrictions largely consists in the study of mechanisms that are relevant for sanctions against the Russian Federation in 2022. The conclusion is made about the applicability of these methods in Russian realities.
The formation of the Soviet ideocracy as a new effective form of a centralized state in the 20th century (1917 - 1953)
Authors: Blinov V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of the Soviet ideocratic management model in the period 1917 - 1953. The principles of comparative, historical and institutional analysis are used as a methodological basis. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the theoretical ideas of Marxism in the works of V.I. Lenin, who introduces the provision on the special role of the party, capable of leading the proletariat, which in subsequent years becomes the central ideological position of the Soviet state and is borrowed in practice by other regimes. Since the period of the mid-1930s, after the consolidation of power, I.V. Stalin made a number of attempts to separate the governing bodies of the ministerial vertical and the apparatus of the CPSU (b), but in view of the approaching war, such projects were not implemented. The monolithic power of the Council of People's Commissars and the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, united by the State Defense Committee, will turn out to be one of the decisive factors for the victory of the USSR in the war, since it will allow organizing the economy and management in such a way that in many indicators of the production of military equipment the Soviet Union will be several times larger than Nazi-occupied Europe. In the post-war years, new attempts will be made to organize the separation of powers in the Soviet state, but to no avail, which will become the reason for subsequent transformations during the reign of N.S. Khrushchev. It is concluded that the consolidation of the administrative apparatus became the most important factor in the victory of the USSR in the war, but the merging of the government and party vertical turned out to be the reason for attempts to reform in subsequent years. As a result of the analysis, the stages of the formation of the Soviet ideocracy were revealed. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the obtained results for the subsequent comprehensive comparative analysis of different ideocratic regimes.
Worldview in the projection of political mythology: the genesis foundations of ideological construction
Authors: Bagdasaryan Vardan
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship of the worldview of the society with the strategic guidelines of state policy. The relevance of the presented article is determined by the worldview crisis of the postmodern time and the growing demand for the formation of the foundations of the worldview of Russian society. The comparison method determines the basic components of the worldview - the perception of space and time (space-time continuum), the establishment of the fundamental principles of being (metaphysics and ontology) and the disclosure of the essence of man (anthropology). The article traces the connection of each of the worldview parameters with the genesis of classical ideologies. A position is put forward on the preservation and re-actualization of the mythological worldview in the worldview systems of the New and Modern times. The connection between the mythological archetypes of pre-modern society and modern political mythology is traced. The influence of the traditions of sacred geography and the attitudes of we-centricity on the modern geopolitical positioning of the states of the world is shown. A modification of the traditions of the eschatological perception of historical time in classical political theories is revealed. Disclosure of the fundamental principles of worldview systems is considered in connection with the definition of paradigms of classical ideologies. The variability of social and cultural approaches is revealed in connection with the difference in political strategies. The practical conclusion of the article lies in the definition of mythologems of worldview matrices as a semantic foundation of state sovereignty, the expediency of representing national mythology and the contraindication of demythologization.
Worldview in the conditions of digitalization of the state
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergey
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the article was to analyze the risks and potentials of the formation of a worldview in the conditions of digitalization of the state. The principles of a comparative analysis of the risks and potentials of digitalization of the state became the main methodological optics. The study also used A. Toynbee's "call–response" model. Among the main conclusions, it is emphasized that epistemological shifts contributed to the fact that the state, as the main political institution, throughout the history of its evolution was forced to consistently cooperate with three successive groups controlling the production of ideological meanings. The last epistemological shift meant not just a crisis of the previous worldview systems. He implied the overlap of two processes: the emergence of the Internet, communities of network communications and the emergence of digital capitalism, in which digital corporate giants became competitors of the postmodern state in the formation of worldview pictures. As a response to such existential challenges, it is proposed to construct a national metaverse – a digital ecosystem of the state that controls the activity of digital corporations for the benefit of society. A desirable scenario for the work of the national digital ecosystem of the state is the harmony of two principles – the admission of network discourse and network leadership, the protection of the ideological core of the country. The digital platform should simultaneously preserve the values of the country and give way to innovation. The theoretical significance of the work is determined by the thesis according to which the symphony of collective worldview and individual worldviews is impossible without the reverse transformation of an idle, conformist Consumer into a responsible and socially, economically enlightened Citizen who is able to realize his needs in a modern type of political agency – network leadership among teams of national projects aimed at consolidating the country.
Levantamento do manejo de pragas aplicado em viveiros florestais no Brasil
Authors: Martins Sheila Maria Caetano , Boscardin Jardel
Published: October 2022

O sucesso de um empreendimento florestal depende, entre outros fatores, da boa qualidade das mudas empregadas nos plantios florestais. Mudas de má qualidade, atacadas por pragas (insetos e ácaros) ou acometidas por doenças, se tornam mais suscetíveis aos fatores bióticos e abióticos no campo. A bibliografia sobre pragas em viveiros florestais muitas vezes não reflete a realidade das diversas regiões do Brasil e suas especificidades. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo levantar aspectos relacionados ao manejo de pragas em dez viveiros florestais no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento dos viveiros florestais no país, seguida de uma avaliação quali-quantitativa do manejo de pragas. Como instrumento de pesquisa, foi elaborado um questionário pré-estabelecido, do tipo semiaberto, composto por um misto de questões fechadas e abertas. A partir dos dados levantados verificou-se que 80% dos viveiros possuem responsável técnico e inscrição no Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM), sendo que 80% dos técnicos são engenheiros florestais ou agrônomos. Dos responsáveis técnicos, 70% dizem não saber reconhecer a praga. Em 40% dos viveiros foi verificado desconhecimento de práticas de monitoramento. Os métodos de controle de pragas mais utilizados são o químico e o biológico. Conclui-se ser necessário o treinamento constante de responsáveis técnicos de viveiros florestais no Brasil, para a correta identificação de pragas e realização de monitoramento, embasando assim, uma tomada de decisão assertiva dos métodos de controles aplicados no manejo integrado de pragas.
Information Design for Congested Social Services: Optimal Need-Based Persuasion
Authors: Anunrojwong Jerry , Iyer Krishnamurthy , Manshadi Vahideh
Published: October 2022

We study the effectiveness of information design in reducing congestion in social services catering to users with varied levels of need. In the absence of price discrimination and centralized admission, the provider relies on sharing information about wait times to improve welfare. We consider a stylized model with heterogeneous users who differ in their private outside options: low-need users have an acceptable outside option to the social service, whereas high-need users have no viable outside option. Upon arrival, a user decides to wait for the service by joining an unobservable first-come-first-serve queue, or leave and seek her outside option. To reduce congestion and improve social outcomes, the service provider seeks to persuade more low-need users to avail their outside option, and thus better serve high-need users. We characterize the Pareto-efficient signaling mechanisms and compare their welfare outcomes against several benchmarks. We show that if either type is the overwhelming majority of the population, then information design does not provide improvement over sharing full information or no information. On the other hand, when the population is sufficiently heterogeneous, information design not only Pareto-dominates full-information and no-information mechanisms, in some regimes it also achieves the same welfare as the “first-best,” that is, the Pareto-efficient centralized admission policy with knowledge of users’ types.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grants CMMI-2002155 and CMMI-2002156].

Supplemental Material: The data and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4548 .
Multi-Depot Routing with Split Deliveries: Models and a Branch-and-Cut Algorithm
Authors: Gouveia Luis , Leitner Markus , Ruthmair Mario
Published: October 2022

We study the multi-depot split-delivery vehicle routing problem (MDSDVRP) that combines the advantages and potential cost savings of multiple depots and split deliveries and develop the first exact algorithm for this problem. We propose an integer programming formulation using a small number of decision variables and several sets of valid inequalities. These inequalities focus on ensuring the vehicles’ capacity limits and that vehicles return to their initial depot. As we show that the new constraints do not guarantee these aspects, our branch-and-cut framework also includes an efficient feasibility check for candidate solutions and explicit feasibility cuts. The algorithm that also uses a comparably simple, yet effective heuristic to compute high-quality initial solutions is tested on the MDSDVRP and two well-known special cases, the split-delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) and the multi-depot traveling salesman problem (MDTSP). The results show that the new inequalities tighten the linear programming relaxation, increase the performance of the branch-and-cut algorithm, and reduce the number of required feasibility cuts. We report the first proven optimal results for the MDSDVRP and show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art for the MDTSP while being competitive on the SDVRP. For the latter, 20 instances are solved for the first time, and new best primal and dual bounds are found for others.

Funding: This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [Project UIDB/04561/2020].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1179 .
Learning as a human gift
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: October 2022

The early years sector is feeling the pressures of top-down school readiness approaches more than ever before due to the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on children's lives. Dr Sue Allingham shares her reflections on the various current discourses of the pressures on both children and educators, as well as some reassuring thoughts around reminding ourselves that the Statutory Framework is our friend here.
Professional Book Reviews
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: October 2022

A professional book with a difference; focusing on the evolutionary perspective around children's play. This is certainly a text which will get you thinking, reflecting, sparking your curiosity and wanting to research more! The picture books this month are a selection that can really be used to discuss a variety of important topics with young children, from the feeling of fear to perseverance.
Should safeguarding training be online?
Authors: Dooley Vanessa
Published: October 2022

For me online safeguarding training is a concern as I find that it is so easy for staff to click through this training, complete a quick Q+A at the end, and say they've done it. But have they learnt anything? Is there any impact?
Beach school – what are the benefits?
Authors: Borrett Amy
Published: October 2022

Recent graduate Amy Borrett shares her research which explored whether beach school could be a beneficial way of outdoor learning, in the same way literature identifies forest school to be beneficial.
Is my child ready for school?
Authors: Fuller Hayley
Published: October 2022

When an academic year is approaching, you may find yourself asking if your child is actually ready for school? Your child may be transitioning from a nursery, childcare or your home setting where everything has been a regular routine, having had consistent and familiar educators or family members supporting them. I am here with some ideas to support you and your child.
The effect of photomodulation on fibroblast growth factor and the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway: a review
Authors: Kasowanjete Patricia , Houreld Nicolette N , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Current therapies and technologies used to treat hard-to-heal diabetic wounds are limited to a 50% healing rate. The rise in the percentage of lower limb non-traumatic amputations in patients with diabetes has caused an increased demand for alternative, effective and safe treatment modalities. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) utilises light to induce physiological changes and provide therapeutic benefits and has been shown to increase the healing of hard-to-heal wounds through the release of growth factors. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and the role of the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway in diabetic wound healing.

Method:

Relevant journal articles were obtained through PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results:

Experimental and clinical findings from the review show that PBM can stimulate the release of growth factors, including FGF, an essential cytokine in wound healing, and one which is present at lower concentrations in diabetic wounds. There is also activation of the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway.

Conclusion:

One mechanism through which healing may be stimulated by PBM is via the FGF-Ras/MAPK signalling pathway, although strong evidence under hyperglycaemic conditions is lacking.
Determination of the effectiveness of Dorema ammoniacum gum on wound healing: an experimental study
Authors: Siahpoosh Amir , Malayeri Alireza , Salimi Anayatollah , Khorsandi Layasadat , Abdevand Zeinab Zaheri
Published: October 2022

Objective:

For a long time, natural compounds have been used to accelerate wound healing. In this study, the topical effects of ammoniacum gum extract on wound healing were investigated in white male rats.

Method:

Following skin wound induction in aseptic conditions, 48 Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups; phenytoin cream 1% (standard), untreated (control), Eucerin (control), and 5%, 10% and 20% ointments of Dorema ammoniacum gum extract (treatment groups). All experimental groups received topical drugs daily for 14 days. The percentage of wound healing, hydroxyproline content, histological parameters, and growth factors (endothelial growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α) were measured in experimental groups.

Results:

The areas of the wounds in the treatment groups were significantly decreased compared with the wound areas of control groups at 5, 7 and 10 days after wounding. On the 12th day, the wounds in the treatment groups were completely healed. Hydroxyproline contents were significantly increased in the treatment groups compared with the control groups (p<0.001). In histological evaluation, the re-epithelialisation, increasing thickness of the epithelial layer, granulation tissue and neovascularisation parameters in the treatment groups showed significant increases compared with the control groups. Also, serum levels of TGF-β, PDGF, EGF and VEGF in the treatment groups were significantly increased compared to the control groups.

Conclusion:

The topical application of ammoniacum gum extract significantly increases the percentage of wound healing in rats and reduces the time of wound closure.
Women in trauma and orthopaedics: are we losing them at the first hurdle?
Authors: Malik-Tabassum K , Lamb JN , Seewoonarain S , Ahmed M , Normahani P , Pandit H , Aderinto J , Rogers B
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Diversity in the healthcare workforce is associated with improved performance and patient-reported outcomes. Gender disparity in Trauma and Orthopaedics (T&O) is well recognised. The aim of this study was to compare factors that influence career choice in T&O between male and female final-year students. Furthermore, the trend of representation of women in T&O over the last decade was also compared with other surgical specialities.

Methods

An online survey of final-year students who attended nationally advertised T&O courses over a 2-year period was conducted. Data from NHS digital was obtained to assess gender diversity in T&O compared with other surgical specialities.

Results

A total of 414 students from 13 UK medical schools completed the questionnaire. Compared with male students (34.2%), a significantly higher proportion of women (65.8%) decided against a career in T&O, p<0.001. Factors that dissuaded a significantly higher percentage of women included gender bias, technical aspects of surgery, unsociable hours, on-call commitments, inadequate undergraduate training and interest in another specialty (p<0.05). Motivating factors for choosing a career in T&O were similar between both sexes. T&O was the surgical specialty with the lowest proportion of women at both consultant and trainee level over the last decade.

Conclusion

T&O remains an unpopular career choice among women. To enhance recruitment of women in T&O, future strategies should be directed toward medical students. Universities, orthopaedic departments and societies must work collaboratively to embed culture change, improve the delivery of the undergraduate curriculum, and facilitate students’ exposure to operating theatres and female role models.
Use of radiological information system data in Clinical Portal database to screen for missed abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Lu C , Gordon AC , Murphy P , Sicely L , Aiono S
Published: October 2022

Introduction

New Zealand lacks a formal abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme and owing to its rural nature, many patients have limited access to vascular surgery. Patients with vascular emergencies often have limited treatment options locally, especially if they present perimortem. In our small hospital in Whanganui, with the nearest vascular centre more than 150km away, there are cases of aneurysms diagnosed incidentally on radiology reporting but lost to follow-up.

Methods

Clinical Portal (CP) is a widely used patient-centred dashboard for viewing health information that is managed by Orion Health. A search strategy utilising the CP common database was devised that aimed to find aneurysms which were not followed up. This search was performed retrospectively for all imaging within a 5-month period.

Results

Some 294 scans were flagged and 53 patients with aneurysms were found. Of these patients, 36 had follow-up by the ordering provider and 17 (32%) were found to have been lost to follow-up.

Conclusions

Our pilot study demonstrated high rates of loss to follow-up and a lack of communication of important health information across multiple health disciplines in the region, and represents a potential method for identifying ‘lost’ aneurysms. For patients in rural communities, this may be critical to preventing future complications from aneurysmal disease.
The Path to Montezuma: The Political Economy of Indianness and Blackness
Authors: Gayle Steven D.
Published: October 2022

This paper will attempt to identify and discuss the following issues: (1) the concepts of African American and Native American identities as aspects of the mode of production in Euro-American or Western capitalism, specifically as employed by the former North American colonies that now comprise the United States, as well as the United States during the modern era; (2) How these identities in the form of “Blackness” and “Indianness” were utilized to establish Euro-American capitalism in the modern era; (3) The concept of political and economic upheaval in the form of what I have dubbed the “Montezuma Effect”; and finally, (4) how mental and physical maroon spaces within the overlapping realms of Indianness and Blackness present the potentiality of a Montezuma Effect to take hold in modern capitalism.