bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the solvability of a class of nonlinear functional integral equations involving Erdélyi–Kober fractional operator
Authors: Pathak Vijai Kumar , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, utilizing the technique of generalized Darbo's fixed‐point theorem associated with measure of noncompactness in Banach space, we analyze the existence of solution for a class of nonlinear functional integral equations involving Erdélyi–Kober fractional operator. The existing result was obtained to strengthen the ones mentioned previously in the literature. An example for a class of nonlinear functional integral equations is also presented to validate our main result. Finally, we propose the numerical method formed by the modified homotopy perturbation approach to resolving the problem with acceptable accuracy.
Strong instability of ground state standing waves for the Hartree equation with a partial/complete harmonic potential
Authors: Mo Yichun , Feng Binhua , Deng Chengde
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we consider the strong instability of standing waves for the Hartree equation with a partial/complete harmonic potential

where
. By establishing the corresponding profile decomposition theory, we first obtain the variational characterization of ground state solutions. Then, we deduce that there exists
such that for all
, the ground state standing wave
is strongly unstable by blow‐up. Our results give an improvement for some recent results.
Cognitive phenotype of childhood myotonic dystrophy type 1: A multicenter pooled analysis
Authors: Sweere Dirk J. J. , Moelands Suzanne V. L. , Klinkenberg Sylvia , Leenen Loes , Hendriksen Jos G. M. , Braakman Hilde M. H.
Published: May 2023

Introduction/Aims

There is clear evidence for brain involvement in childhood myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) from imaging studies and the prevalence of intellectual impairment and neurodevelopmental disorders. The cognitive profile of children with DM1 however is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive profile of children with DM1.

Methods

Neuropsychological examination reports of 45 children aged 2–17 y were analyzed. All cognitive subtests used in this cohort were pooled in 10 cognitive domains. For every patient a composite z‐score was calculated for every assessed domain. Composite scores were classified as average (z > −1), mild cognitive impairment (−1 ≥ z > −2), or major cognitive impairment (z ≤ −2).

Results

The nature and extent of neuropsychological examinations differed between centers and patients. The domains with the highest frequency of major cognitive impairment were social cognition (4/9 children tested; 44%), attention (13/32; 41%), and fine motor skills (3/10; 30%). Combining mild and major cognitive impairment, working memory (20/28; 71%), attention (21/32; 66%), and visuospatial functions (16/28; 57%) were the most frequently affected domains. Long‐term memory was least affected, with mild impairment only in 5/29 (17%).

Discussion

Children with DM1 may have specific cognitive deficits, most frequently affecting working memory, attention, and visuospatial functions, in addition to the previously described global intellectual impairments. We recommend including a standardized neuropsychological examination in the standards of care for DM1 children. Early recognition of cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders in children with DM1 can improve their management.
Two‐scale elastic property prediction of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite based on micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Lou Ruishen , Li Huimin , Liu Baosheng , Chen Xianglin , Wang Yulin
Published: May 2023

A two‐scale method combined with micro‐CT is presented for the prediction of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. The proposed method is verified by tensile experiments. The distribution of voids and fibers is reconstructed and quantified by two micro‐CT scans with different resolutions. Then the two‐scale models are established according to the scanned data. Effective properties of fiber‐rich region are predicted by the micro‐scale analysis of the representative volume element, and then transferred into the meso‐scale analysis. In meso‐scale analysis, the high‐fidelity generalized method of cells is applied to predicted elastic parameters of the printed samples. While maintaining the overall fiber volume fraction, the fiber volume fraction in the fiber‐rich region is very important for the accuracy of prediction.
Preparation and properties of carbon fiber reinforced bio‐based degradable acetal‐linkage‐containing epoxy resin composites by RTM process
Authors: Yan Chun , Wei Jun , Zhu Yingdan , Xu Haibing , Liu Dong , Chen Gang , Liu Xiaoqing , Dai Jinyue , Lv Dongxi
Published: May 2023

The recycling of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced bio‐based degradable epoxy resin composites is of great significance for resource saving, environment protection and sustainable development of economy and society. Resin transfer molding (RTM) has been recognized as one of the most promising processes to manufacture CF Reinforced polymeric composites cost‐effectively. The bio‐based diglycidyl ether pentaerythritol vanillin diacetal (DEPVD) epoxy resin used in this study is an epoxy resin that can be degradable under mild conditions. And its CF composites were prepared by the RTM process using DDS as a curing agent and low viscosity bisphenol A‐E51 epoxy resin as a diluent. The chemical rheological properties, curing behavior, thermal stability, dynamic viscoelasticity and mechanical properties of DDS‐E51‐DDS epoxy resin were investigated. It is found that the increase of DEPVD content is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties, Tg and solid residue after thermal degradation of DEPVD‐E51‐DDS epoxy resin. Moreover, the effects of DEPVD content in epoxy resin on the mechanical properties of CF/DEPVD‐E51‐DDS composites were evaluated. When the DEPVD content is 70%, the tensile and flexural strength of CF/EPVD‐E51‐DDS composites are 1649.4 MPa and 1207.4 MPa, respectively. The degradability and mechanism of CF/DEPVD‐E51‐DDS composites were further investigated. CF/DEPVD‐E51‐DDS composites containing 70% DEPVD have excellent degradability, and the recycled CFs exhibit comparable mechanical properties to the virgin CFs, which demonstrates a novel way to recover the high‐quality of used CFs.
Neonatal outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in full term versus early term deliveries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mimura Kazuya , Endo Masayuki , Kawanishi Yoko , Kanagawa Takeshi , Nagata Kouji , Terui Keita , Fujii Makoto , Shiraishi Masayuki , Yamoto Masaya , Ito Miharu , Itakura Atsuo , Okuyama Hiroomi , Usui Noriaki ,   the Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group
Published: May 2023

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear.
GuysWork: Describing a school‐based healthy relationships program for adolescent boys and results from a pilot evaluation during COVID‐19
Authors: Gilham Chris , Green Morris , Neville‐MacLean Sherry , Bakody Natalie , Ternoway Heather , Smith Derek , Augusta‐Scott Tod
Published: May 2023

We describe GuysWork, a school‐based healthy living program for adolescent boys, and share results from a pilot evaluation in Nova Scotia, Canada, during COVID‐19. The team hypothesized the program would reduce loneliness, perceived stress, and adherence to key traditional male gender role norms postprogram. A longitudinal cohort pre‐ and postsurvey design was used. One‐hundred fifty‐two participants completed sections of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Meanings of Adolescent Male‐Role Norms Scale (MAMS). Results were nonsignificant for loneliness and perceived stress. MAMS results were statistically significant with a medium effect size (r = −.26) but there are limitations in the study. This pilot study of GuysWork has resulted in important lessons learned that will ensure a forthcoming Atlantic Canada‐wide evaluation results in robust evidence with the potential to support the need for masculinity norm‐changing work specifically for adolescent boys in schools.
Water availability alters the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and determines plant mycorrhizal benefit
Authors: Frew Adam
Published: May 2023

Societal Impact Statement

The world faces major changes in rainfall patterns and water availability, posing a significant threat to plant productions systems and food security. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with most major crops and can support plant nutrient and water uptake. Here, AM fungi were shown to mitigate the negative effects of low water availability on sorghum growth and phosphorus uptake, an effect that was associated with shifts in the fungal community structure. To realise the potential of AM fungi in sustainable agriculture requires more examination of their interactions with edaphic stresses in crop systems.
Direct Growth of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Photoanode for Greatly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water‐Splitting
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Jie , Dong Changxue , Xia Yu , Jiang Lan , Wang Gang , Wang Ruilin , Chen Jinwei
Published: May 2023

A general method for the direct synthesis of highly homogeneous and dense polymerized carbon nitride (PCN) nanosheet films on F: SnO2 (FTO) is developed. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting studies reveal that the as‐synthesized PCN films exhibit outstanding performance as photoanode for PEC water‐splitting. The optimal PCN photoanode exhibits excellent photocurrent density of 650 µA cm−2, and monochromatic incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) value up to 30.55% (λ = 400 nm) and 25.97% (λ = 420 nm) at 1.23 VRHE in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the PCN photoanode has an excellent hole extraction efficiency of up to 70 ± 3% due to the abundance of active sites provided by the PCN photoanode nanosheet, which promotes the transport rates of OER‐relevant species. These PCN films provide a new benchmark for PCN photoanode materials.
Programmable Microfluidics Enabled by 3D Printed Bionic Janus Porous Matrics for Microfluidic Logic Chips
Authors: Xie Mingzhu , Zhan Ziheng , Zhang Chengqi , Xu Wanqing , Zhang Ce , Chen Yongping , Dong Zhichao , Wang Zhaolong
Published: May 2023

Numerous structures have been functionally optimized for directional liquid transport in nature. Inspired by lush trees’ xylem that enable liquid directional transportation from rhizomes to the tip of trees, a new kind of programmable microfluidic porous matrices using projection micro‐stereolithography (PµSL) based 3D printing technique is fabricated. Structural matrices with internal superhydrophilicity and external hydrophobicity are assembled for ultra‐fast liquid rising enabled by capillary force. Moreover, the unidirectional microfluidic performance of the bionic porous matrices can be theoretically optimized by adjusting its geometric parameters. Most significantly, the successive programmable flow of liquid in a preferred direction inside the bionic porous matrices with tailored wettability is achieved, validating by a precisely printed liquid displayer and a microfluidic logic chip. The programmable and functional microfluidic matrices promise applications of patterned liquid flow, displayer, logic chip, cell screening, gas–liquid separation, and so on.
Design and Synthesis of CdHgSe/HgS/CdZnS Core/Multi‐Shell Quantum Dots Exhibiting High‐Quantum‐Yield Tissue‐Penetrating Shortwave Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Lee Gyudong , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Kim Beomjoo , Jeon Sungwoong , Smith Andrew M. , Seo Jongcheol , Suzuki Kengo , Kim Jin‐young , Lee Hyunki , Choi Hongsoo , Chung Dae Sung , Choi Jongmin , Choi Hyosung , Lim Sung Jun
Published: May 2023

CdxHg1−xSe/HgS/CdyZn1−yS core/multi‐shell quantum dots (QDs) exhibiting bright tissue‐penetrating shortwave infrared (SWIR; 1000–1700 nm) photoluminescence (PL) are engineered. The new structure consists of a quasi‐type‐II CdxHg1−xSe/HgS core/inner shell domain creating luminescent bandgap tunable across SWIR window and a wide‐bandgap CdyZn1−yS outer shell boosting the PL quantum yield (QY). This compositional sequence also facilitates uniform and coherent shell growth by minimizing interfacial lattice mismatches, resulting in high QYs in both organic (40–80%) and aqueous (20–70%) solvents with maximum QYs of 87 and 73%, respectively, which are comparable to those of brightest visible‐to‐near infrared QDs. Moreover, they maintain bright PL in a photocurable resin (QY 40%, peak wavelength ≈ 1300 nm), enabling the fabrication of SWIR‐luminescent composites of diverse morphology and concentration. These composites are used to localize controlled amounts of SWIR QDs inside artificial (Intralipid) and porcine tissues and quantitatively evaluate the applicability as luminescent probes for deep‐tissue imaging.
Ultra‐Wide Range, High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Triple Periodic Minimum Surface Construction
Authors: Li Zhongming , Feng Dong , Li Bin , Zhao Wenbo , Xie Delong , Mei Yi , Liu Pengju
Published: May 2023

Flexible piezoresistive sensors with biological structures are widely exploited for high sensitivity and detection. However, the conventional bionic structure pressure sensors usually suffer from irreconcilable conflicts between high sensitivity and wide detection response range. Herein, a triple periodic minimum surface (TPMS) structure sensor is proposed based on parametric structural design and 3D printing techniques. Upon tailoring of the dedicated structural parameters, the resulting sensors exhibit superior compression durability, high sensitivity, and ultra–high detection range, that enabling it meets the needs of various scenes. As a model system, TPMS structure sensor with 40.5% porosity exhibits an ultra–high sensitivity (132 kPa−1 in 0–5.7 MPa), wide detection strain range (0–31.2%), high repeatability and durability (1000 cycles in 4.41 MPa, 10000 s in 1.32 MPa), and low detection limit (1% in 80 kPa). The stress/strain distributions have been identified using finite element analysis. Toward practical applications, the TPMS structural sensors can be applied to detect human activity and health monitoring (i.e., voice recognition, finger pressure, sitting, standing, walking, and falling down behaviors). The synergistic effects of MWCNTs and MXene conductive network also ensure the composite further being utilized for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.
Design and Scalable Fabrication of Liquid Metal and Nano‐Sheet Graphene Hybrid Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management
Authors: Wang Ji‐Xiang , Lai Huang , Zhong Mingliang , Liu Xiangdong , Chen Yongping , Yao Shuhuai
Published: May 2023

Here, a paraffin/liquid metal (LM)/graphene hybrid thermal composite material with a high thermal‐conductivity as well as  high latent heat is developed. The paraffin is encapsulated in calcium alginate, which produces leakage‐free phase change material (PCM) capsules. LM is filled among the gaps of PCM capsules to enhance overall heat conduction. Graphene nano‐sheets coating attains efficient heat dissipation because of its high spectral emissivity (>91%) in the spectrum of the mid‐infrared region. The developed material is verified to have strong compatibility and durable stability. The composite is utilized as a thermal buffer (TB) for central processing unit thermal management to demonstrate the synergy of these superior thermal properties. In certain cases, active cooling normally used could be replaced by the developed TB without any energy consumption for thermal management, demonstrating a completely passive cooling strategy. Compared to traditional heat sink active cooling, general energy savings of 10.4–26.3% could thus be achieved by the developed composite in wider operating conditions, proving its potential for more efficient and sustainable data center cooling alongside thermal management of other ground‐based electrical/electronic equipment.
Single‐Piece Membrane Supercapacitor with Exceptional Areal/Volumetric Capacitance via Double‐Face Print of Electrode/Electrolyte Active Ink
Authors: Zhao Zhenyun , Chen Dongliang , Lu Ming , Lin Jingwen , Hou Yang , Zhang Qinghua , Li Zhongjian , Jiao Lei , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Jianguo
Published: May 2023

Single‐piece flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have light and ultrathin superiorities, thereby having great potential in portable/wearable electronics. However, all the available single‐piece FSCs are fabricated by in situ growth routes, which are incompatible with large‐scale technology. This work designs a carboxymethyl cellulose/phytic acid/polyaniline ink, incorporating electrode with electrolyte active compositions. Based on the electrode/electrolyte active ink, a double‐face print technique on mixed cellulose ester and nylon membranes to fabricate single‐piece membrane‐FSCs, where both sides of membranes can be utilized well, is proposed. Consequently, one FSC is measured to be only ≈0.785 cm2 in area, ≈0.021 g in weight, and ≈200 µm in thickness, while it has exceptional areal and volumetric capacitances up to 757 mF cm−2 and 37.8 F cm−3, respectively, based on the entire device. It also exhibits high flexibility with a capacitance retention of 98% after 2000 bend cycles from 0° to 180°. The state‐of‐the‐art FSCs are expected to have exciting prospects in portable/wearable electronics, smart reading, and flexible displays. The preparation strategy renders the massive production of large‐area and mini‐size arrayed FSCs, and also the “do‐it‐yourself” or homemade preparation, which adds more interest and designability for general users.
Toward New Ion Conductive Liquids via Ionic Liquids
Authors: Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Han Jihae , Watanabe Hikari
Published: May 2023

In the current era that it is strongly expected the SDGs would be achieved, electrolyte solutions in electrochemical devices and processes are being studied from dilute and concentrated solutions, through inorganic molten salts, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids, to super‐concentrated solutions. Although concepts based on empirical laws such as the Walden rule and hydrodynamics such as the Stokes rule are still useful for ionic conduction in solution, it is expected that superionic conduction‐like mechanisms that are scarcely found in conventional electrolytes. Here, the authors′ recent results are described based on the local structure and speciation of ionic species in solution, focusing on protons and lithium ions.
Treatment, not delivery, of the late preterm and term fetus with supraventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Holmes S. , Hornberger L. K. , Jaeggi E. , Howley L. , Moon‐Grady A. J. , Uzun O. , Kaizer A. , Gilicze O. , Cuneo B. F.
Published: May 2023

Objective

While in‐utero treatment of sustained fetal supraventricular arrhythmia (SVA) is standard practice in the previable and preterm fetus, data are limited on best practice for late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks), early term (37 + 0 to 38 + 6 weeks) and term (> 39 weeks) fetuses with SVA. We reviewed the delivery and postnatal outcomes of fetuses at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation undergoing treatment rather than immediate delivery.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series of fetuses presenting at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation with sustained SVA and treated transplacentally at six institutions between 2012 and 2022. Data were collected on gestational age at presentation and delivery, SVA diagnosis (short ventriculoatrial (VA) tachycardia, long VA tachycardia or atrial flutter), type of antiarrhythmic medication used, interval between treatment and conversion to sinus rhythm and postnatal SVA recurrence.

Results

Overall, 37 fetuses presented at a median gestational age of 35.7 (range, 35.0–39.7) weeks with short VA tachycardia (n = 20), long VA tachycardia (n = 7) or atrial flutter (n = 10). Four (11%) fetuses were hydropic. In‐utero treatment led to restoration of sinus rhythm in 35 (95%) fetuses at a median of 2 (range, 1–17) days; this included three of the four fetuses with hydrops. Antiarrhythmic medications included flecainide (n = 11), digoxin (n = 7), sotalol (n = 11) and dual therapy (n = 8). Neonates were liveborn at 36–41 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery (23/37 (62%)) or Cesarean delivery (14/37 (38%)). Cesarean delivery was indicated for fetal SVA in two fetuses, atrial ectopy or sinus bradycardia in three fetuses and obstetric reasons in nine fetuses that were in sinus rhythm at the time of delivery. Twenty‐one (57%) cases were treated for recurrent SVA after birth.

Conclusion

In‐utero treatment of the near term and term (≥ 35‐week) SVA fetus is highly successful even in the presence of hydrops, with the majority of cases delivered vaginally closer to term, thereby avoiding unnecessary Cesarean section. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
‘No Hay Nada Que Celebrar’: Music, Migration, and Violence in Luis Estrada’s El Infierno (2010)
Authors: Avila Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

Dramatic interpretations of the drug war in Latin America have within recent years increased in number, particularly with television shows such as the Netflix original series Narcos (2015) and Telemundo’s telenovela La reina del sur (2011). During this decade, one of the more significant cinematic contributions is Luis Estrada’s 2010 film El Infierno, which premiered in a sea of controversy. The film follows the protagonist Benny as he transitions from a recently deported undocumented immigrant to a narco-assassin in northern Mexico. To amplify this transition, El Infierno utilises narcocorridos and música norteña, which are aural signifiers for narcocinema, and border culture. This music highlights Benny’s transformation and accompanies explicit scenes of violence, some examples ripped from the headlines from Mexico’s popular press. These musical moments provide a deeply embedded cultural association to the violence and function as a form of desensitisation as Benny witnesses the cartel’s power spin out of control. I analyse two musical moments that emulate Benny’s experiences, first as a deportee then as an assassin, reinforcing his transition from one forced identity to another while also supplying a darkly satirical yet critical commentary on the harsh realities of Mexico’s drug war.
Dark Times: Fabulation, Synchrony, and the Musical Moment Reprised
Authors: Herzog Amy
Published: May 2023

This chapter takes up the formulation of the ‘musical moment’ in relation to questions of temporality, synchrony, and history. Drawing on the theories of Gilles Deleuze and Henri Bergson, the musical moment is read through three contemporary case studies: Andrea Arnold’s American Honey (2016), Hiro Murai’s music video for Flying Lotus and Kendrick Lamar’s ‘Never Catch Me’ (2014), and Barry Jenkin’s Moonlight (2016).
The Rhythm of the Night: Abstraction and Sexuality as Destabilisers in Austrian Silent Cinema
Authors: Tieber Claus
Published: May 2023

Diegetic music and musical performances did not start with the sound film in the late 1920s. Looking at musical moments in Austrian and German films, this chapter examines their sources in silent cinema. Two case studies, Seine Hoheit, der Eintänzer and Ein Walzertraum, provide evidence for two interrelated tendencies within musical numbers in silent cinema of the mid to late 1920s: abstraction and sexuality. Musical moments can lead to abstract images and the sublimation of sexuality gets more obvious during these moments. This chapter argues that these two tendencies are closely connected and that their potential to destabilise the form and style of a film must be seen in the sociopolitical context of post-monarchy Austria, and within the precariousness of social values of the time.
Redemption Songs: Musical Moments in Joseph Gaï Ramaka’s Karmen Geï (2001) and Flora Gomes’s Nha Fala (2002)
Authors: Beus Yifen
Published: May 2023

One major function of musical numbers in cinema serves as utopian moments not only for the characters to temporarily step aside from the diegetic story space, but also for the audience to envision ‘what utopia would feel like’, something that may or may not be realised at the end of the film. Such a film genre has not been common in Third Cinema, a preferred style and aesthetic for many African films debuted since Ousmane Sembène, who likened the modern African filmmaker to the traditional griot: a storyteller with a movie camera, who commonly defies the mainstream commercial cinema’s escapist narrative strategy and opts for a style that ‘shoots back’ to Hollywood’s dominant centre. Joseph Gaï Ramaka’s Karmen Geï (2001) and Flora Gomes’s Nha Fala (2002) are the first two African musical films that use the genre’s conventions to integrate traditional and hybridised musical practices of the storyteller with a liberating message. The results are two pioneering films seeking to restore Africa to its proper place through a modernised means of storytelling, cinema and rescue the voice of Africa through the heroines’ ‘redemption songs’ for a hopeful vision that may be realised via the craft of the filmmaker-griot storyteller.
Introduction to the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Coworking
Authors: Akhavan Mina , Hölzel Marco , Leducq Divya
Published: May 2023

The current chapter introduces in detail the aims and structure of the book ‘European Narratives on Remote Working and Coworking during the COVID-19 Pandemic’. This introductory chapter depicts the importance of studying the phenomenon of coworking spaces (CSs) affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature on new working spaces, particularly CSs, is growing fast in various disciplines. During the past three years of the pandemic, some scholars have attempted to explore the short- and long-term effects on ways and spaces of working. This book is the first attempt to collect country-specific empirical studies from 12 European countries.
The Booming Growth of Coworking Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Baycan Tüzin , Parlak Mavitan Meltem , Özcan Alp Gülfiye
Published: May 2023

The rise of teleworking and coworking has been remarkable in Turkey, especially in the last decade. Nevertheless, the country has experienced a boom in coworking spaces (CSs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the number of CSs has increased dramatically from 71 in 2020 to 162 in 2022; therefore, the increase is more than doubled. This chapter investigates the reasons behind this dramatic increase, the rising demand for CSs, and the response of CSs to the implications of COVID-19. The narratives in this chapter highlight the changing demands of coworkers, the challenges that CSs face, and new coworking concepts that have emerged.
The Impact and Complex Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Working Environment and the Use of Coworking Spaces in Malta
Authors: Satariano Bernadine , Bajada Thérèse
Published: May 2023

Coworking spaces in Malta have grown in their presence and use only within the last decade, yet the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the cultural working office norms of Maltese society. Indeed, this chapter, using in-depth interviews with different groups of people, that is, co-worker owners, employees, traditional employers and members of an employment association, aims to explore how the pandemic may be impacting the coworking industry in complex ways. From the narratives, it emerged that the soft lockdown measures related to the pandemic had caused immediate negative effects due to the fear of contagion on the use of coworking spaces in Malta and the limitations related to social distances in workspaces. However, the pandemic itself may have created a shift within the Maltese context where the idea of remote working is perceived as beneficial and may become more popular. The pandemic may have contributed to the revision of the Maltese employers’ priorities, such as the importance of owning or renting a permanent office space or giving permission to employees to work from home or renting a coworking space for socialisation at work. Therefore, the pandemic may have caused damaging short-term effects to the coworking industry in Malta yet possibly beneficial long-term effects.
Concluding Remarks: European Narratives About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Coworking
Authors: Hölzel Marco , Akhavan Mina , Leducq Divya
Published: May 2023

This book is a collection of narrations about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from different countries collected within the Workgroup 2ATLAS of the COST action CA18214 ‘The Geography of New Working Spaces and the Impact on the Periphery’. This conclusive chapter comprehends the previous chapters and offers a comparative view regarding the effects on Coworking Spaces (CS), Governmental Measurements to curb the Pandemic, Effects on Work, Remote/Telework Work, Working-From-Home (WFH), Effects on Commuting, Transportation Mods and Services, Effects on the Housing, Place of Residence, Office and Real Estate Market, Effects on Tourism, Effects on Urban Planning. The final section of this chapter draws attention to the direct and indirect effects of coworking spaces. Direct effects on individuals and indirect effects as living-, work- and build-environment, taking into account space and economy, environment (energy) and urban planning. This book contributes to a fast-growing amount of literature on new working spaces, especially coworking spaces. Further empirical studies should be conducted to create evidence as a solid foundation for policies at the EU, national and subnational levels.
Not Going Back to the Office any Time Soon: Coworking Spaces in The Netherlands
Authors: Smit Martijn , Schutjens Veronique , Brouwer Aleid
Published: May 2023

In the Netherlands traditionally many employees often did not work not at the office. The Dutch workforce was a large user of third spaces, especially in libraries and coffee bars and in coworking spaces. This meant that for most Dutch workers the switch to working from home during the pandemic was less substantial than in some other countries. These third spaces did suffer from the loss of working clientele during the pandemic and some (non)commercial third spaces had to close. Dutch coworking spaces are mostly found in densely populated areas and are either located in the inner city or at industrial sites.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Coworking Spaces in Poland
Authors: Micek Grzegorz , Małochleb Karolina , Wojnar Katarzyna , Smętkowski Maciej
Published: May 2023

The chapter deals with the changes occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the coworking sector. We have collected data and information from primary and secondary sources. The latter include in-depth interviews, covert participant observations and computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). We analysed the changes of the number of coworking spaces (CSs) and main mechanisms behind them. The findings reveal the relatively limited scale of decrease in the number of coworking spaces and illustrate how the pandemic outbreak influenced the effects of CS operations, especially on the real estate market. It is argued that independently-run CSs suffered the most, whereas corporate CSs with a stable core of corporate clients, central location and limited competition have been more resilient. With regard to the changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the most significant transformations are seen in the decreasing number of non-virtual events organised by CSs, whereas the scale of the other impacts of CSs on the local milieu decreased slightly.
Introduction to GeomInt2
Authors: Nagel Thomas , Cajuhi Tuanny , Günther Ralf-Michael , Maßmann Jobst , Wuttke Frank , Yoshioka Keita , Kolditz Olaf
Published: May 2023

GeomInt2 is the follow-up project to the joint project “Geomechanical Integrity of Host and Barrier Rocks—Experiment, Modelling and Analysis of Discontinuities (GeomInt)”. The results of GeomInt made essential contributions to the analysis of the origin and development of discontinuities in clay, salt and crystalline rocks. Discontinuities are considered in many forms, be it as volumetrically distributed damage macroscopically representing fissures in the rock microstructure, discontinuities that can form anew at phase interfaces as well as discrete cracks or fracture networks. The pathways created or extended by these discontinuities entail the risk of migration of fluid phases from deep to near-surface geological layers and must therefore be taken into account in geotechnical safety analyses.
Pathways Through Pressure-Driven Percolation in Salt Rock
Authors: Knauth Markus
Published: May 2023

Under undisturbed conditions and in the absence of significant impurities or intercalations (e.g. anhydrite) rock salts are considered to be tight against fluid or gas pressures, which stems from their crystalline structure composed of strongly viscoplastic, impermeable salt grains grown together at their grain boundaries (Minkley et al. 2013, 2015).
Virtual Reality and Computational Efficiency
Authors: Rink Karsten , Graebling Nico , Bilke Lars , Buchwald Jörg , Fischer Thomas , Lehmann Christoph , Meisel Tobias , Naumov Dmitri , Wang Wenqing , Yoshioka Keita , Kolditz Olaf
Published: May 2023

In this chapter we briefly describe information methods and technologies supporting geotechnical systems analyses of to large extend, i.e. using virtual reality methods for data and model integration (Sect. 5.1) and improving computational efficiency by using high-performance-computing techniques (Sect. 5.2).
Ethische Reflexion
Authors: Samhammer David , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Burchardt Aljoscha , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Möller Sebastian , Osmanodja Bilgin , Roller Roland , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2023

Unter Berücksichtigung der in den vorherigen Kapiteln erarbeiteten Rückschlüsse wird nun Bezug auf das Konzept der Meaningful Human Control (MHC) genommen. Grundprämisse dieses Konzeptes ist es, menschliche Kontrolle über Systeme auch dann zu ermöglichen, wenn diese einen gewissen Grad an Autonomie aufweisen. Das meint nicht immer nur die akute Kontrolle über ein spezifisches System. Das Konzept der MHC basiert auch auf der Einsicht, dass die Etablierung neuer Technologien stets in einem soziotechnischen Kontext gedacht werden sollte, welcher von allen Beteiligten aktiv gestaltet werden muss.
Möglichkeiten der Gestaltung
Authors: Samhammer David , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Burchardt Aljoscha , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Möller Sebastian , Osmanodja Bilgin , Roller Roland , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2023

Im Folgenden werden Orientierungsmarker für den Einsatz von KI-Systemen zur Entscheidungsunterstützung im klinischen Alltag ausformuliert. Aus der Verbindung der Akteursperspektiven mit dem Konzept der Meaningful Human Control lassen sich Bedingungen für die Ausgestaltung eines soziotechnischen Phänomens herausarbeiten, denen durch die rechtlichen Empfehlungen ein konkreter Rahmen gegeben werden muss. Auch die technischen Erfahrungen durch die Entwicklung der getesteten Systeme sind wesentlicher Bestandteil der Schlussfolgerungen.
Malunion der distalen Radiusfraktur: 3-D-Planung und Durchführung von intra- und extraartikulären Korrekturosteotomien
Authors: Labèr Raffael , Schweizer Andreas
Published: May 2023

Operationsziel

Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen Anatomie mit Reduktion des aktuellen Beschwerdebildes sowie Risikominderung einer posttraumatischen Arthrose.

Indikationen

Symptomatische intra- oder extraartikuläre Malunion aufgrund von Bewegungseinschränkung und/oder schmerzhafter Funktion, intraartikuläre Stufe von > 1 mm, Instabilität distales Radioulnargelenk.

Kontraindikationen

Minimale Fehlstellung. Bereits bestehende Arthrose Knirk und Jupiter II oder höher. Einfachere operative Alternative z. B. Ulnaverkürzungsosteotomie. Raucher oder erhöhtes Alter stellen keine Kontraindikation dar.

Operationstechnik

Präoperative Befunderhebung und Durchführung eines beidseitigen Computertomogramms. 3‑D-Fehlstellungsanalyse und Berechnung einer Korrektur. Planung der Korrekturosteotomie am 3‑D-Modell und Erstellung von patientenspezifischen Bohr- und Sägeschablonen. Durchführen der 3‑D-gestützten Osteotomie.

Weiterbehandlung

Frühfunktionelle unbelastete Mobilisation aus der Schiene für 8 Wochen bis zur Konsolidationskontrolle mit Computertomographie.

Ergebnisse

Reduktion der Stufe auf < 1 mm (p = < 0,05) kann bei intraartikulären Korrekturen erreicht werden. Bei extraartikulären Korrekturen können im Mittel der resultierende Rotationsfehler von 2,0° (± 2,2°) und ein Translationsfehler von 0,6 mm (± 0,2 mm) erreicht werden. Einzelschnittosteotomien im Schaftbereich können auf wenige Grad genau erfolgen für Rotation (z. B. Pronation/Supination 4,9°) und für die Translation (z. B. proximal/distal 0,8 mm). Eine residuelle Abweichung des kombinierten 3‑dimenisionalen Winkels von 5,8° (SD 3,6°) wird festgehalten. Weiter zeigt die 3‑D-gestützte Operation eine signifikante Reduktion der Operationszeit im Vergleich zur konventionellen Technik (140 ± 37 vs. 108 ± 26 min [p < 0,05]). Somit kann die Progression einer Arthrose im mittelfristigen Verlauf reduziert werden, und eine gebesserte Beweglichkeit und Faustschlusskraft werden erreicht. Die klinischen Outcome-Parameter des Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) Score und des Disablities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score sind in etwa vergleichbar.
Extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of stable trochanteric femoral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeelenberg Miliaan L. , Nugteren Leendert H. T. , Plaisier A. Cornelis , Loggers Sverre A. I. , Joosse Pieter , Den Hartog Dennis , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , van Lieshout Esther M. M. ,   STABLE-HIP Study Group, Gosens Taco , Hegeman Johannes H. , Polinder Suzanne , Poolman Rudolf W. , Willems Hanna C. , Zuurmond Rutger G.
Published: May 2023

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared extramedullary fixation and intramedullary fixation for stable two-part trochanteric femoral fractures (AO type 31-A1) with regards to functional outcomes, complications, and surgical outcomes.

Methods

Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Effect estimates were pooled across studies using random effects models. Results were presented as weighted risk ratio (RR) or weighted mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

Five RCTs (397 patients) and 14 observational studies (21,396 patients) were included. No significant differences in functional outcomes, complications, or surgical outcomes were found between extramedullary and intramedullary fixation devices, except for a difference in duration of surgery (MD 14.1 min, CI 5.76–22.33, p < 0.001) and intra-operative blood loss (MD 92.30 mL, CI 13.49–171.12, p = 0.02), favoring intramedullary fixation.

Conclusion

Current literature shows no meaningful differences in complications, surgical, or functional outcomes between extramedullary and intramedullary fixation of stable two-part trochanteric femoral fractures. Both treatment options result in good outcomes. This study implicates that, costs should be taken into account when considering implants or comparing fixation methods in future research.
Correlations between gustatory, trigeminal, and olfactory functions and nasal airflow
Authors: Hernandez Anna Kristina , Walke Antje , Haehner Antje , Cuevas Mandy , Hummel Thomas
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To determine the relationship of chemosensory screening and nasal airflow tests among the same set of participants, and to determine other factors that are related to the outcomes of these tests.

Methods

Participants had no chemosensory complaints. Structured medical history was taken. Participants underwent 5 screening tests: q-sticks (orthonasal olfaction), q-powders (retronasal olfaction), trigeminal lateralization test, taste sprays, and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). Ratings of smell/taste ability and nasal airflow were obtained using visual analogue scales (VAS). Composite sinusitis symptoms and significance of olfaction questionnaire scores were also determined.

Results

Four hundred participants were included in the study, 156 men, 244 women; aged 18–82 years (mean: 46). The q-powders and taste spray scores were weakly positively correlated with all the other chemosensory tests and PNIF. However, chemosensory test scores were not correlated with VAS, composite sinusitis symptoms, and significance of olfaction questionnaire scores. Various tests showed significant decrease starting at specific ages (in years, PNIF and trigeminal lateralization: 40, q-powders: 60, and q-sticks: 70).

Conclusion

Chemosensory screening tests and self-rated chemosensory function showed no correlation in participants without chemosensory complaints. In addition, gustatory function appeared to be correlated with olfactory and trigeminal function but also with nasal airflow, and nasal airflow was related not only to olfactory but also to trigeminal and taste function. Over all, the results suggest that chemosensory functions (orthonasal olfactory, trigeminal, retronasal olfactory, gustatory) and nasal airflow are correlated with each other, which we propose may be possibly mediated, at least in part, through central nervous system interactions.
Nuclear receptor co-repressor NCOR2 and its relation to GPER with prognostic impact in ovarian cancer
Authors: Reichenbach Juliane , Fraungruber Patricia , Mayr Doris , Buschmann Christina , Kraus Fabian B. T. , Topalov Nicole Elisabeth , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Kolben Thomas , Burges Alexander , Mahner Sven , Kessler Mirjana , Jeschke Udo , Czogalla Bastian , Trillsch Fabian
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The significance of the non-classical G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) as positive or negative prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients remains still controversial. Recent results indicate that an imbalance of both co-factors and co-repressors of nuclear receptors regulates ovarian carcinogenesis by altering the transcriptional activity through chromatin remodeling. The present study aims to investigate whether the expression of the nuclear co-repressor NCOR2 plays a role in GPER signaling which thereby could positively impact overall survival rates of ovarian cancer patients.

Methods

NCOR2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tumor samples and correlated with GPER expression. The correlation and differences in clinical and histopathological variables as well as their effect on prognosis were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation, Kruskal–Wallis test and Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results

Histologic subtypes were associated with different NCOR2 expression patterns. More specifically, serous and mucinous EOC demonstrated a higher NCOR2 expression (P = 0.008). In addition, high nuclear NCOR2 expression correlated significantly with high GPER expression (cc = 0.245, P = 0.008). A combined evaluation of both high NCOR2 (IRS > 6) and high GPER (IRS > 8) expression revealed an association of a significantly improved overall survival (median OS 50.9 versus 105.1 months, P = 0.048).

Conclusion

Our results support the hypothesis that nuclear co-repressors such as NCOR2 may influence the transcription of target genes in EOC such as GPER. Understanding the role of nuclear co-repressors on signaling pathways will allow a better understanding of the factors involved in prognosis and clinical outcome of EOC patients.
A novel linguistic decision making approach based on attribute correlation and EDAS method
Authors: Li Qingzhao , Rong Yuan , Pei Zheng , Ren Fangling
Published: May 2023

One of characteristics of large-scale linguistic decision making problems is that decision information with respect to decision making attributes is derived from multi-sources information. In addition, the number of decision makers, alternatives or criteria of decision making problems in the context of big data are increasingly large. Correlation analysis between decision making attributes has become an important issue of large-scale linguistic decision making problems. In the paper, we concentrate on correlation analysis between decision making attributes to deal with large-scale decision making problems with linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy values. Firstly, we proposed a new similarity measure between two linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy sets to formally define correlation between decision making attributes. Then we propose linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy reducible weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (LIFRWMSM) operator and linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy reducible weighted dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (LIFRWDMSM) operator to aggregate linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy value decision information of correlational decision making attributes, and analyze several important properties of the two operator. Inspired by evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method, we design a solution scheme and decision steps to deal with large-scale linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy decision making problems. To show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed decision method, we employ the choice of buying a house and the selection of travel destination to demonstrate our method and make comparative analysis with others aggregation operators or methods.
Economic and reliability determination of sustainable renewable energy mix based on social spider prey optimization algorithm
Authors: Frimpong Samuel Ofori , Agbehadji Israel Edem , Abayomi Abdultaofeek , Millham Richard C. , Freeman Emmanuel , Ujakpa Martin Mabeifam
Published: May 2023

Resolving the power crises requires the combination of different individual renewable energy sources so that one source can compensate for another. Unfortunately, renewable energy sources are not always available at certain times making their use problematic. To solve this uncertainty, it is important to combine independent renewable energy sources and determine the right set of the renewable energy mix that is economical and reliable. The sources of renewable energy data are solar PV, wind, battery, and biomass. Different scenarios of renewable energy mix or combination considered are wind–biomass–battery, solar PV–wind–biomass, PV–biomass–battery, and solar PV–wind–biomass–battery. Knowing the economic and reliable impact of these combinations helps to make the best investment decision. The nature-inspired optimization is utilized as the methodology to determine the feasible dimension, economic, and reliability of the energy mix. Historical energy-related data for one year were obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and was used to evaluate the hybrid renewable energy systems. The result shows that SSP guaranteed optimal economic costs and satisfied the reliability constraints for wind–biomass–battery system, solar PV–wind–biomass system, PV–biomass–battery, and PV–wind–biomass–battery. The outcomes suggests that SSP can provide optimal result and therefore calls for researchers to further explore the potential of integrating this algorithm in their optimization approach for solar PV–wind–biomass–battery hybrid system.