bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Stent Uygulamaları: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: AKKUZU Mustafa Zanyar , SEZGİN Orhan , ATES Fehmi , ÖZDOĞAN Osman , YARAŞ Serkan , AYDIN Ferzan , RIZAOĞLU BALCI Hatice , ÜÇBİLEK Enver , ALTİNTAS Engin
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç

Gastrointestinal (Gİ) stentler gastrointestinal kanaldaki malign veya benign darlıklarda ve akciğer kanseri gibi komşu organ maligniteleri ile ilişkili bası veya fistüllerde ya da operasyonlardan sonraki darlık veya kaçaklarda palyatif amaçla kullanılmaktadır. Biz kliniğimizde taktığımız Gİ stentlerin takılma nedenlerini ve seyrini değerlendirerek Gİ stentlerle ilgili klinik deneyimimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık.

Materyal ve Metod

2014-2019 yılları arasında kliniğimizde çeşitli nedenlerle Gİ stent takılan olgular çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Retrospektif olarak stent takılma nedeni, stent çeşidi, komplikasyon olup olmaması, komplikasyonların yönetimi ve hastaların yaşam süreleri incelendi. Özellikle ileri evre kanserlerde stentlerin palyatif tedavide etkinliği ve yaşam süresine katkısı değerlendirildi.

Bulgular

Bu süreçte toplam 36 hastaya Gİ stent takılmıştı. Hastalarımızın 24 (%67)’ü erkek ve 12 (%33)’si kadındı. Erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 67±13,8, kadınların yaş ortalaması 45,6±11,5 idi. Malign sebeplerle stent takılanların; %44,5’i özofagus kanseri, %19,5’i mide kanseri, %16,6’sında akciğer kanseri ve %5,5’una da rektum kanseri nedeniyle stent takılmıştı. Benign nedenlerle stent takılanların %11,1’ine fistül, %2,8’ine de evre d özofajit nedeniyle stent takılmıştı. Hepsine SEMS takılmıştı. Hastalarımızın %27’si halen yaşamaktaydı. Hastalarımızın %73’ü ölmüş olup ortalama yaşam süresine baktığımızda 109,6±101 gün olarak saptadık.

Tartışma ve Sonuç

Sonuç olarak, ameliyat edilemeyen sindirim sistemi darlığı olan hastaların palyasyonunda stent kullanımının, mortalitesinin olmaması ve sınırlı morbiditesi ile kısa dönemde kaliteli bir palyasyon için etkin bir yöntem olduğu kanısındayız. Kendiliğinden genişleyen metal stentler kullanılarak malign ve benign disfajinin hafiflemesi sağlanabilir.
E-Government Services and the Digital Divide
Authors: Boksova Jirina , Boksa Michal , Horak Josef , Pavlica Karel , Strouhal Jiri , Saroch Stanislav
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess the digital divide that exists between the general public and (active) Internet users in their support for the digitalization of public services (E-Government). In conducting this study, the SKODA AUTO University Research Team gathered data from 1,613 respondents – 611 respondents who are active Internet users (using computer-assisted web interviews) and 1,002 respondents from the general public (using pen-and-paper or computer-assisted personal interviews). Results have indicated that the divide exists, although it does not pose as considerable a challenge to the current E-Governance as is often assumed. Based on the current divide, improved ICT skills and higher Internet usage among citizens could increase overall support for the digitalization of public services by up to 20 percentage points. Data results also identified two societal segments, namely, respondents from 1) the age category 60+ years and 2) ‘Below-average income’ respondents, as particularly vulnerable and marginalized.
The role of cholesterol in TCR signalling in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Pathan-Chhatbar Salma , Chevalier Nina , Voll Reinhard , Schamel Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

Cholesterol is an important structural and functional component of the plasma membrane. In this review, we focus on T cells and the role of cholesterol in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signalling, which contributes to autoimmune diseases. Cholesterol binding to the TCR leads to an increased formation of TCR nanoclusters, increasing the avidity of T cells towards the antigen and enabling TCR cooperativity, thus increasing the sensitivity of the T cell. Further, cholesterol is important in the formation of certain lipid nanodomains, called lipid rafts that concentrate signalling molecules and thus also promote TCR signalling. T cell and lipid dysregulation play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Typically, in SLE, hyper-responsive and exaggerated TCR signalling occurs, partially caused by cholesterol accumulation in the plasma membrane. This might lead to enhanced TCR nanoclustering and lipid raft formation. Thus, targeting lipid metabolism in T cells.
Cross-sectional Assessment of HIV and Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E among Individuals Surveyed in National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey, 1999–2018
Authors: Geyer Nathaniel
Published: March 2021

Objective: To assess the association with HIV with five strains of viral hepatitis, in adults 18-59 years, who have taken the NHANES survey for HIV, and to determine if there is a positive association with HIV in each of the five viral hepatitis strains adjusted by age, gender, and race. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of HIV Screening Test by Laboratory test results for Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E screenings, using 10 pooled datasets from the 1999-2018 biennial National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. Statistical analyses performed included Spearman’s Correlations, weighted Rao-Scott Chi-Square tests, and weighted binary logistic regression modeling. Results: In the subset of 33,214 adult participants surveyed in the 1999-2018 NHANES the percentage of HIV positivity was 0.44% (standard error=0.05), with 56% occurring in 2009-2018. Weighted Rao-Scott Chi-Square Tests had a statistically significant association between HIV and the five hepatitis strains, with four having a p-value <=0.0001, except for Hepatitis D. After adjustment by age, race, and gender HIV was positively associated odds ratios. Hepatitis A had a statistically significant odds ratio for 1999-2018 but was not significant for 1999-2006 and 2007-2018. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C had a statistically significant association in all three subsets. Hepatitis D had no HIV coinfection in 1999-2006, so it was not reported, and a nonsignificant association in 2009-2018. Hepatitis E, which started collection in 2009, had a nonsignificant association with HIV in 2009-2018. Conclusion: Based on this analysis and the review of HIV and viral hepatitis guidelines it is suggested that immunocompromised individuals, including HIV positives, should be screened for all five strains of viral Hepatitis. Further research is needed in order to better understand the connection between HIV and viral hepatitis strains, especially Hepatitis A, Hepatitis D, or Hepatitis E.
Diagnosis and Out-Patient Treatment of Early Childhood Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Brezinka Veronika
Published: March 2021

Paediatric obsessive compulsive disorder [OCD] is a chronic condition often associated with severe disruptions of family functioning and key developmental milestones. Mean age of onset of juvenile OCD is between 10 and 11 years; however, studies on young children with OCD show that the disorder can manifest itself much earlier. OCD is characterized by a long duration of untreated illness, which, together with an earlier age of onset, has been associated with increased persistence. Although there are disease-specific treatments for OCD, there seems to be difficulty for health professionals to recognize and diagnose the disorder in young children appropriately. This may prolong the interval between help seeking and receiving an adequate diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this review is to give an overview of studies on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of OCD in very young children.
A case of recurrent pancreatitis with subclavain artery stenosis: a clinical dilemma (unrelated co-existence or IgG4 related disease?) and a clinical lesson
Authors: Sunder Vijayalakshmi , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponandal , Kawarat Vikas , Ross Kannan
Published: March 2021

We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with clinical features suggestive of acute pancreatitis. She had a similar episode 5 years ago. A blood pressure (BP) recording of 80/50 mmHg in the presence of acute pancreatitis led to the diagnosis of circulatory shock and vasopressors were about to be commenced. However, her overall appearance was stable and measurement of BP in the lower limbs was normal. An angiogram revealed left subclavian artery stenosis which explained the low BP reading on left arm. The patient responded to conservative management of pancreatitis, however refused further evaluation of subclavian stenosis. This case is being reported to highlight a clinical dilemma and a clinical lesson. Dilemma arises if the pancreatitis and subclavian artery stenosis is just a coincidental occurrence or it is a case of IgG4 related disease consisting of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 with subclavian artery stenosis a part of extra-pancreatic manifestation of the IgG4 related disease spectrum. This distinction is important in management of pancreatitis and other organ involvement. It is important to examine a patient fully and especially the vascular system - wherein all pulses are to be felt and blood pressure recorded in both sides and both limbs - whenever there is a conflict between the condition/appearance of the patient and the signs that we elicit. In this case recognising that BP was normal in the lower limbs prevented unnecessary use of vasopressors.
Foramen of Winslow hernia: an open approach
Authors: Rosley Muhammad F. , Medagedara Senal , Jordaan Marius
Published: March 2021

Foramen of Winslow hernia (FWH) are considered rare even among other internal hernias. It was first described in 1834 and historically had a mortality rate of close to 50%. With modern advancement and availability of cross-sectional imaging, this number has improved dramatically to 5%. Operative management is required for all patients which can be performed with either an open or laparoscopic approach. Preventative measures for recurrence remain controversial as no case of recurrence has been reported to date. We present a case study of a 62 years old woman who presented to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain and a CT scan confirming an FWH. She underwent urgent laparotomy and the hernia was easily reducible without need of intestinal resection. We opted to fixate the right colon and close the foramen of Winslow to prevent future recurrence. She recovered from her surgery well and was discharged home without any complications.
Recurrent leiomyosarcoma with de-differentiation to chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Summers Zara , Melloy Aemelia , Jeyarajan Eshwarshanker , Wills Timothy , Parker David , Rutherford Leigh , Townend Philip
Published: March 2021

Leiomyosarcoma are a rare type of tumour of smooth muscle that can be found in the retroperitoneum. There is a paucity of reported data around dedifferentiation of leiomyosarcoma. Our case report describes de-differentiation of recurrent leiomyosarcoma into osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma in a patient who had a local recurrence of his leiomyosarcoma. The recurrence is on a background of intermediate grade leiomyosarcoma of the retroperitoneum and he underwent his original resection in 2019 and included a right nephrectomy and right hemicolectomy. Our patient is currently undergoing radiotherapy and we will continue ongoing follow up for his progress.
A study to assess maternal and child health care utilization by slum dwellers in Shivamogga
Authors: N. H. Sridevi , Kumar N. Praveen , H. N. Swathi
Published: March 2021

Background: As per the WHO estimates, Slums are home to an estimated 8280 lakh people, representing around one third of the world’s urban population. Health is a major economic issue for slum residents. Objective of the study was to assess utilization of health care facilities by slum dwellers with special reference to maternal and child health.Methods: A list of all slums and the number of households therein was collected from city municipal corporation Shivamogga of which 10 slums were selected by simple random sampling all the households in the selected slums were included in the study. Quantitative data were collected from the households of selected slums after taking informed consent using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Information about health care seeking with reference to maternal and child health was obtained by checking the available medical records and as self-reported by the respondents. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: In this study, among the 339 households studied 93.5% of the women had more than 4 antenatal visits and 99.1% of the deliveries were institutional, the most frequently contacted healthcare facility was government medical college.  Conclusions: The availability of better healthcare facilities like government medical college in the proximity of these slums has led to good health seeking behaviour among them.
Riesgo climático y definición de estrategias financieras para su mitigación en el sector agua y saneamiento en ALC: Inundaciones: Aportes para la estimación de inversiones en mitigación
Authors: López José Luis
Published: March 2021

En este documento se presentan estudios de casos típicos que han sido exitosos en la gestión integral del riesgo de desastres por inundaciones y aludes torrenciales en algunos países de la región y se discuten las bondades, beneficios, dificultades y las inversiones requeridas en esos proyectos. Este documento forma parte del componente de Inundaciones del estudio llamado Riesgo climático y definición de estrategias financieras para su mitigación en el sector agua y saneamiento en ALC (2018).
A pilot study of genipin cross-linking effects on bullous keratopathy in rabbits
Authors: Qiao Jing
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate the effects of genipin cross-linking on bullous keratopathy in rabbits. METHODS: Nine female New Zealand white rabbits with bullous keratopathy were used as an experimental model. They were randomized into three groups. Corneas in Group A (treatment group, n=3) were immersed in 0.25% genipin at 24℃ for 40min; those in Group B (control group, n=3) were immersed in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at 24℃ for 40min; and those in Group C (blank control group, n=3) received no treatment. Follow-up examinations were performed within 2wk after treatment, including slit-lamp microscopy, central corneal thickness (CCT), evaluations of body weight and stress responses, histopathological analyses, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) for detecting stromal cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Compared to Groups B and C, remission of corneal edema, corneal healing, disappearance of epithelial bullae, a significant decrease in CCT (P<0.05), and a significant increase in body weight (P<0.05) were found in Group A. Animals in Group A became more active and showed less aggression and violent resistance behavior. More regular and dense arrangement of collagen fibers in the corneal stroma and formation of blue strips of cross-linking products were observed in Group A. Cell apoptosis occasionally occurred in the corneal stroma of Group A, while no cell apoptosis was observed in Groups B and C. CONCLUSION: Genipin cross-linking treatment for bullous keratopathy in rabbits results in remission of corneal edema and relief of pain. We hypothesize that genipin cross-linking strengthens collagen fibers in corneal stroma to avoid the formation of corneal edema and bullae.
Toric intraocular lens for correction of high corneal astigmatism in cataract patients
Authors:   Departament of Ophthalmology, Marina Salud Hospital, Denia 03700, Spain, Simo Irene , Remón Laura ,   Departament of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Bi-Flex toric intraocular lens (T-IOL; Medicontur, Medical Engineering, Ltd., Inc.) implantation to correct preexisting astigmatism in patients having cataract surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective consecutive study included 22 eyes of 16 patients with more than 2.50 diopters (D) of corneal preexisting astigmatism having cataract. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), objective and subjective refraction and keratometric and topographic cylinder were measured. Postoperative the toric IOL axis was evaluated using vector analysis.
RESULTS: Postoperatively, subjective refractive cylinder was reduced significant (P<0.05) from 4.05±1.53 D to 1.35±0.86 D. The component J0 reduced in magnitude from -0.81±2.02 D to -0.12±0.62 D (P<0.05). Both, UCVA and BCVA improved significantly at 1mo after surgery (P<0.05 in both cases). After the surgery, the UCVA and BCVA were 0.24±0.19 and 0.06±0.08, respectively. The mean toric IOL axis rotation was 2.95±5.25 degree, with rotation less than 10 degrees in 86.36% of eyes. No differences in mean keratometric values obtained before and after surgery were found (P>0.05 for J0 and J45).
CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Bi-Flex toric IOL is a safe and effective method to correct the preexisting regular astigmatism (greater than 2.50D).
Clinical effectiveness of intrastromal corneal ring segments among keratoconus patients
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Unit, Taif University, Taif 21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alghamdi Abdullhamid
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) among the patients suffering from keratoconus.
METHODS: A retrospective and non-comparative interventional design had been utilized on the basis of postoperative follow-up among 56 keratoconus patients. Visual acuity was significantly assessed during complete ophthalmic examination of the patients. The femtosecond laser had been used to create the corneal tunnels in 15 eyes; whereas, the corneal tunnels were created in 72 eyes mechanically.
RESULTS: The ranges and standard deviations had been used to obtain results. It had been revealed through ophthalmic assessment that the mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity observed was 1.38±0.37 logarithm of Minimal Angle of Resolution. Moreover, a significant improvement was observed postoperatively in visual acuity by 0.58±0.32 during the 4th month. The improvement was also witnessed in the 16th month by 0.48±0.30.
CONCLUSION: The implantation of ICRS is an efficient and effective surgical intervention for the treatment of keratoconus. Thus, identified intervention seems to be associated with appropriate visual outcomes and safety after the development of femtosecond as well as mechanical tunnels.
Correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China, Wu Pei-Pei , Wu Qing-Jing ,   Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China, Liu Cai-Xia ,   Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China, Chen Yun-Fei ,   Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China, Xie Qing ,   Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: A total of 200 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved. All patients were divided into three groups according to the fundus examination: diabetes mellitus (DM, n=100), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n=62) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n=38). 100 healthy persons were selected as the normal control group (NCG, n=100). The related indicators, such as neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count, were measured.
RESULTS: The value of NLR was significantly higher in PDR group patients than in NC group (1.81), DM group (1.76) and NPDR group (1.85) (P<0.05). The value of PLR was significantly higher in PDR group patients (126.18) than in DM group (111.64) (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (β= -0.047) was protective factor, course of diabetes (β=0.071) and systolic blood pressure (β=0.024) were risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (P<0.05), but the value of NLR and PLR was not statistically significant in the Logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION: The value of NLR and PLR increased in the PDR group, but it is not independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy.
Constitutional justice: on some amendments to legislation
Authors: Tarusina Nadezhda N.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the 2020 constitutional amendments on constitutional justice. Among them are provisions on the formation of the composition of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, expanding its powers in terms of checking the compliance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with draft laws, clarifying the competence on the issue of the possibility of executing decisions of interstate bodies (primarily the European Court of Human Rights), adjusting the institution of dissent judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Positive and critical considerations regarding the above constitutional amendments and the corresponding amendments to the federal constitutional law “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In particular, concerns are expressed about ensuring the proper degree of democracy in the formation of the Court, guaranteeing its independence in cases where the provisions of a particular draft law have been previously assessed by him as complying with the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and subsequently he will have to consider complaints about the constitutionality of the same legal norms, the validity of the refusal of the public character of the dissenting opinion of the judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
Discussion aspects of determining the list of means and techniques of legislative technique in the law-making process
Authors: Soloviev Oleg G. , Goncharova Yulia O.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the means and techniques of legislative technique as the main primary components of the construction of legal norms, the authors explore the controversial aspects of determining the range of key technical and legal instruments. The authors note the negative aspects in the process of using the tools and techniques of legislative technique in the regulation of criminal law prohibitions. The main technical and legal problems in modern criminal law-making are the unjustified casuistification of dispositions of normative prescriptions, the bulkiness of criminal law prohibitions. In some cases, the volume (capacity) of individual dispositions exceeds 150 words. Such normative decisions significantly complicate the perception of elements of a crime, complicate the assessment and comparison of the committed act with a specific criminal norm. These circumstances negatively affect the qualification process and do not meet the needs of law enforcement practice. Certain gaps are observed in the construction of blank dispositions, in a situation where the legislator uses significant prescriptions borrowed from normative acts of other branches of law in the description of encroachments. The paper also notes, that the rules of legislative technique do not relate to basic structural elements, since they are auxiliary (secondary) components of the legislative process and are already associated with the use of tools and techniques in the course of practical normative design, formation of specific legal prescriptions.
Lecciones aprendidas en seguridad de la información en una alcaldía de categoría 1
Authors: Hurtado Dougglas , Escobar Israel
Published: March 2021

El trabajo de realizar el aseguramiento de la seguridad de la información en una alcaldía Categoría 1 es un ente complejo que presenta sus propios retos, debido al gran flujo de información que se mantiene derivado a la alta sinergia entre los procesos que demanda el ejercicio público en una ciudad, en el escenario de la modernización que se hace necesario para estar acorde con la utilización de las nuevas tendencias tecnológicas que le generen valor agregado en utilidad y garantía para sus usuarios y clientes. En esta línea de acción, se presentan las lecciones a tener en cuenta que se originan al realizar un diagnóstico de la seguridad de la información en las distintas dependencias bajo el cumplimiento de la norma ISO/IEC 27001.
Marco de trabajo para el control de traslados intrahospitalario de pacientes en el modelo de hospital inteligente
Authors: Porto Roberto , Mendoza Yesid , Escobar Israel
Published: March 2021

La falta de control en el seguimiento de los procesos de movilidad intrahospitalaria entre las diferentes áreas de un hospital ha llevado a desestimar la calidad de la atención de gran cantidad de hospitales de la ciudad de Barranquilla, generando, en muchos casos, procesos legales por parte de los pacientes o sus familiares. La presente investigación propone un diseño de marco de trabajo por capas, que establece una estructura de información capaz de proporcionar estandarización, control y seguimiento de los traslados, a los actores de instituciones prestadoras de salud. El modelo conceptual de esta propuesta está enmarcado en la línea de hospitales inteligentes, que permite a las instituciones prestadoras de servicios médicos (IPS), una mejor forma administrar sus procesos y mejorar la eficiencia de la gestión hospitalaria, a fin de evitar pérdidas de tiempo en los traslados de pacientes y seguir la trazabilidad de estos, a partir de la utilización de sistemas de información estandarizados. La investigación presentó grandes resultados asociados a la optimización de los tiempos de los traslados al utilizar el sistema de información basada en la propuesta conceptual.
Pola Asuh Pesantren Al-Mafaza Berbasis Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak di Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto
Published: March 2021

Pondok Pesantren Al-Mafaza adalah satu dari sekian pondok pesantren yang memberikan pelayanan sosial secara gratis kepada para santri, mulai dari tempat tinggal, pangan, pendidikan, perlindungan, kesejahteraan, dan kesehatan kepada santri. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan tentang standart pola asuh yang diterapkan pondok pesantren Al-Mafaza. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi dengan melibatkan diri secara aktif dalam berbagai kegiatan di pondok pesantren Al-Mafaza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola asuh santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Mafaza dilakukan peran pengasuh dalam mendidik dan mengarahkan santri agar menjadi pribadi yang baik dan berkarakter. Pola asuh yang diterapkan terhadap santri mendapatkan kesejahteraan sosial, perlindungan dan lingkungan yang sesuai dengan standar nasional pengasuhan anak berbasis lembaga kesejahteraan sosial anak (LKSA).
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Penyelenggaraan PAUD Unggulan KB Kartini Undaan Kidul Kudus di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hermawan Agus
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang telah dilakukan PAUD Unggulan KB Kartini Undaan Kidul Kudus di masa pandemi covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Field Research dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pemberdayaan masyarakat di masa pandemic covid-19 ini sangat diperlukan. Hal ini dikarenakan pemerintah telah memberlakukan social distancing untuk mengurangi persebaran virus corona di tengah masyarakat. Implikasinya adalah masyarakat banyak kehilangan mata pencaharian karena dilarang keluar rumah, begitu juga para pelajar diminta belajar dari rumah. PAUD Unggulan KB Kartini Undaan Kidul Kudus memiliki program pemberdayaan masyarakat khususnya orang tua wali murid dimasa pandemic covid-19 ini diantaranya sebagai berikut: (1) pemberdayaan masyarakat di bidang pendidikan (2) bidang wawasan berfikir (3) ekonomi (4) mental spiritual dan (5) bidang kesehatan.
Апостол Павел в Иудее: последний визит
Authors: Парфенов Виктор Николаевич , Литовченко Елена Викторовна
Published: March 2021

После ареста апостола в Иерусалиме Павел умело использовал свой статус римского гражданина и полученное в юности образование при защите перед судом синедриона и римского наместника. В отношении римского гражданства семьи апостола существует несколько версий, наиболее вероятной из которых считается предоставление ей такового в числе наиболее богатых и влиятельных жителей Тарса. Результатом судебного расследования было решение прокуратора Иудеи удовлетворить апелляцию Павла и отправить его в Рим на суд императора. Как для местной власти, так и для апостола это было оптимальным вариантом в сложившейся ситуации.
Арабский географ начала Х в. Ибн ал-Факих о византийской феме Халдия: к вопросу о военной политике Константинополя в западно-кавказских и армянских владениях на рубеже VIII–IX вв.
Authors: Мехамадиев Евгений Александрович
Published: March 2021

Арабский географ Ибн ал-Факих, живший, судя по всему, во второй половине IX – начале X вв., в своем географическом трактате «Книга стран» упоминает о провинциях, которые входили в состав Византийской империи к началу X в. Среди этих провинций географ называет и Халдию с центром в Трапезунде, располагавшуюся на северо-востоке Малой Азии. Соответственно, автор данной статьи ставит вопрос, как возникла эта провинция, когда и при каких обстоятельствах, более того – как менялся административно-правовой статус этой провинции. На основании сведений различных источников, как греко-латинских (печати, упоминающие чиновников Халдии, письмо императора Михаила II, правившего в 820–829 гг.), так и грузинских (хроники и жития, переведенные на русский и современные западноевропейские языки), автор пришел к выводу, что провинция Халдия как отдельная территориальная единица империи была учреждена в период между 736 и 781 гг., тогда она обладала статусом гражданской провинции. В конце VIII в., в 790-х гг., эта провинция получила новый статус фемы – военно-территориального округа, находившегося под властью стратига, этот наместник объединял в своих руках военные и гражданские полномочия.
О понятии политической реальности
Authors: Швырков Александр Иванович
Published: March 2021

В статье сделана попытка сформулировать определение понятия политической реальности. В своих более ранних публикациях автор уже обращался к этому вопросу. Тогда он полагал, что политическая реальность не может и не должна отождествляться с политическими фактами. Скорее, она служит их основой, порождает их, являет себя в них. Хотя с точки зрения автора подобное представление о политической реальности (да и о реальности вообще) является вполне адекватным, нельзя не признать, что для решения большинства задач, с которыми сталкивается политология, его сложность, даже изощренность излишни. Наоборот, определение, в основе которого лежит отождествление политической реальности и фактов, пожалуй, оказывается вполне достаточным. Однако при условии некоторой его коррекции. Такое скорректированное определение политической реальности может выглядеть следующим образом. Политическая реальность – это множество политических фактов, которым соответствует потенциально истинная картина. Картина – это набор утверждений, касающихся некоего политического события, персонажа и т. п. Утверждение истинно, если факт, в нем выраженный, имеет место, ложно – если не имеет. Картина истинна, если истинны составляющие ее утверждения. Новые факты, обнаруженные или выведенные, могут приводить к перестройке картины. Поскольку факты в принципе не могут закончиться, потенциально картина может перестраиваться бесконечно. Поскольку на счет фактов никогда нельзя быть уверенным, что они имеют/имели место, истинность любой картины является лишь возможной, то есть потенциальной – именно поэтому в приведенном определении речь идет о потенциально истинной, а не о просто истинной картине.
THE MERGER OF FATA: BREAKING THE CLUTCHES OF BRITISH COLONIAL FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATIONS (FCR)
Authors: Khan Alamgeer , Alam Intikhab , Shah Mussawar , Ullah Asad , Muhammad Shafi Malik
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to find the association between frontier crime regulations (FCR) abolishment (independent variable) in the context of the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (dependent variable).

Methodology: The study follows a crossectional research design. Primary data were collected from 384 randomly selected respondents of the two newly merged districts, Khyber and Kurram of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The association and strength of the relationship were obtained by the application of Chi-Square (χ2) and Kandel Tau b (Tb) test statistics.

Main Findings: Based on the obtained statistics, the FCR law was against fundamental rights, favoring the local elites, a hurdle to development, a source of corruption, outdated and inefficient in counter militancy, unpopular, and the tribals ready to welcome the modern governance system. The background variables gender and age yielded spurious relationships. At the same time, socio-economic status resulted in a non-spurious relationship between the variables above.

Applications of this study: The research results can be applied to such studies that focus on the indigenous culture, governance, and fundamental human rights.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study's unique feature is that it is the first-ever attempt to investigate such kinds of topics in Pakistan's tribal regions. Besides, it also provides an outlook of the inhuman and unjustified state-sponsored FCR.
An Indirect Method to Estimate Total Fertility Rate on the Basis of the Moments of Age Distribution of Women in Reproductive age
Authors: Singh Brijesh P , Sing Sandeep , Ranjan Chaurasia Aalok
Published: March 2021

Total fertility rate (TFR) is the universally used indicator to measure and monitor fertility transition and population stabilization. Calculation of TFR requires data on births by age of woman. In the absence of these data, several indirect methods have been proposed to estimate TFR but their application is limited to specific period and place. This paper deduces a simple regression method for estimating TFR based on the current age distribution of women in reproductive age. The method can be used to estimate TFR at local level and for different sub-groups of the population.
Monitoring and Assessment of Human Health and Medical Care in Ukraine
Authors: V. V Chorna , V. M. Makhniuk , S.S. Khliestova , N.I. Gumeniuk
Published: March 2021

The article an assessment of the integrated index of health and medical care of the population of the European Union and the population of other countries according to the UN (2019) and a description of the main factors that affect this indicator. Theoretical and practical analysis of the definition of the integrated index of health and medical care of doctors, nurses and beds of Ukraine in 2010, 2017 years. We have been developing a methodology for calculating the human health index (HDI) based on mortality, disability, and morbidity indicators for an objective assessment of the health status of the population of Ukraine.
Filosofía de la cooperación
Authors: Divar Garteiz-Aurrecoa Javier
Published: March 2021

La evolución del cooperativismo como doctrina social y económica parte de los asociacionistas y de los mutualistas históricos, asentándose en los llamados pioneros sociales, ideario que se tecnifica con el movimiento rochdaliano, que caracteriza estatutaria y legalmente el cooperativismo, para culminar en la empresarialización desarrollada por el cooperativismo alemán.Recibido: 20 junio 2012Aceptado: 24  julio 2012
A concorrência do mercado como elemento de afetação da gestão democrática nas cooperativas de crédito brasileiras
Authors: Silveira Felipe da Silva
Published: March 2021

O princípio cooperativo da gestão democrática, enunciado pela Aliança Cooperativa Internacional, estabelece que os membros participam ativamente do desenvolvimento das cooperativas, atuando diretamente na formulação de suas políticas e nos processos de tomada de decisão. No entanto, acontece que esta previsão encontra um fio de fraqueza no sistema de crédito cooperativo brasileiro. Levando em consideração sua preocupação com a sobrevivência em um mercado em que compete com os bancos, as cooperativas de crédito no Brasil priorizam a assunção do perfil econômico e do comportamento mercadológico, ferindo a essência identitária do seu caráter cooperativo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem o propósito de identificar o momento em que a competição substitui a ideia emblemática de um homem por um voto por um manto de formalidades e protocolos que causa a morte da participação ativa e direta dos membros na gestão da sociedade cooperativa. O objetivo é corrigir o curso de ação interno, protegendo assim a identidade do cooperativismo no sistema de crédito cooperativo no Brasil. O desenvolvimento do trabalho terá como base o método dedutivo da abordagem e utilizará pesquisas diretas.

Recibido: 04 septiembre 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
A influência dos valores fundamentais do cooperativismo para a efetiva gestão democrática das cooperativas: um modelo de gestão próprio para o exercício da responsabilidade social da empresa
Authors: De Freitas Rafael Spadaro
Published: March 2021

De acuerdo a la Declaración sobre la Identidad Cooperativa emitida por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, el Principio de Gestión Democrática traduce la participación activa de los miembros en la vida y gestión de la cooperativa. En este sentido, la Gestión Democrática deriva de la idea esencial de que cada socio presenta un voto en el seno de las asambleas. Por ello, buscase, por este trabajo, examinar la esencia de la axiología de la cooperación, verificando la efectiva influencia de los valores fundamentales del Cooperativismo en los procesos internos de gestión. El objetivo central es evidenciar la propiedad de los valores de auto ayuda y solidaridad como marco moral de orientación del orden económico, enmarcando el sustrato de responsabilidad social en el ejercicio de las actividades empresariales. Para ello, se va a utilizar el método deductivo-inductivo de abordaje, con empleo de la investigación directa e indirecta.

Recibido: 04 septiembre 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
La competencia legislativa en materia de cooperativas: el caso español
Authors: Gadea Soler Enrique
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la delimitación material de la competencia legislativa en materia de cooperativas después de la Constitución de 1978, así como la delimitación territorial de la competencia legislativa tanto en la etapa anterior a la vigente Ley 27/1999 de Cooperativas como en la actualidad. Finaliza con una referencia a la competencia estatal sobre las bases de la ordenación de la actividad crediticia y aseguradora.

Recibido: 05 julio 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
Políticas públicas de fomento de sociedades cooperativas y laborales. Especial referencia a las actuaciones de difusión de la economía social
Authors: Diez Ácimas Luis
Published: March 2021

Los poderes públicos tienen la obligación de fomentar la economía social. La Administración General del Estado y las administraciones de las Comunidades Autónomas gestionan programas de subvenciones. Estas tienen como objeto principal la creación y consolidación de empresas con forma jurídica de sociedad cooperativa o sociedad laboral. También, se financian actuaciones de entidades asociativas, fundaciones, universidades, ayuntamientos… que tienen como objetivo dar formación en materia de economía social y difundir este sector entre los potenciales emprendedores, los asesores de los mismos y la sociedad, en general. En este campo, creemos que se pueden realizar más actuaciones que mejoren la visibilidad de cooperativas y sociedades laborales. Por último, en este estudio vamos a comentar diversas iniciativas públicas, privadas o mixtas que contribuyen a la divulgación de los principios y valores de las empresas de economía social.

Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
La pugna entre el shareholder primacy model y la stakeholder theory en la doctrina y práctica anglosajona. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Zavala Ortiz de la Torre Iñigo
Published: March 2021

Existe una pugna entre los defensores de que los accionistas sean la referencia, a la que la dirección de la empresa tiene que mirar cuando adopta sus decisiones; frente a los que creen que, junto a estos se deben tomar en cuenta los intereses de otros stakeholders como son los trabajadores, los acreedores, los proveedores y los clientes. Si bien la doctrina, e incluso las posibilidades legislativas, avalan la segunda postura en los países anglosajones; tanto la práctica, como el análisis de los principales Códigos de Buen Gobierno, nos muestran que en realidad sigue vigente la primera. ¿Porqué?

Recibido: 14 enero 2013Aceptado: 18 febrero 2013
La creación de empresas individuales (trabajo autónomo) por parte de estudiantes y graduados universitarios
Authors: Martín López Sonia , Fernández Guadaño Josefina , Bel Durán Paloma , Lejarriaga Pérez de las Vacas Gustavo , García-Gutiérrez Fernández Carlos
Published: March 2021

En España existe un importante problema de desempleo que a raíz de la actual crisis económica se ha agravado de forma considerable durante los últimos años. Los jóvenes son uno de los colectivos más afectados por el desempleo, por lo que, ante la dificultad de encontrar empleo por cuenta ajena, el emprendimiento, y en concreto el emprendimiento individual o trabajo autónomo puede suponer una alternativa al trabajo asalariado que les permita tanto incorporarse como mantenerse en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, los jóvenes universitarios españoles siguen mostrando una escasa vocación emprendedora. En este punto, pueden jugar un papel relevante las Universidades en las se está despertando un interés por fomentar el espíritu emprendedor, no sólo desde los propios planes de estudio, sino creándose cada vez en mayor medida estructuras de asesoramiento y apoyo, como las Oficinas de Emprededores. En este sentido, este estudio procura recabar la opinión, de los diferentes colectivos implicados: alumnos, profesores y oficinas de apoyo al emprendedor, sobre la percepción del emprendimiento individual en el ámbito universitario.

Recibido: 25 enero 2014Aceptado: 27 febrero 2014
El capital social como factor de éxito en las cooperativas mexicanas. Caso: Cooperativa «Las Chiquihuitecas», productora de grana cochinilla
Authors: Preciado Ortiz Claudia Leticia , Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: March 2021

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reflejar la importancia del capital social en el establecimiento y crecimiento de las cooperativas en México, caso específico la cooperativa «Las Chiquihuitecas», productora de grana-cochinilla (Dactylopius coccus Costa). El método de investigación utilizado fue totalmente cualitativo aplicando el análisis documental y la entrevista a profundidad como instrumento para la recolección de la información. Como resultado se obtuvo que el capital social ha sido el elemento clave en la formación y desarrollo de la cooperativa.

Recibido: 06 junio 2017Aceptado: 17 julio 2017
The Problem of Organized Crime in the South American Tri-Border Area: Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina
Authors: Kosmynka Stanisław
Published: March 2021

The paper shows mechanisms and manifestations of the challenges for the security in the South American Tri-Border Area (Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina). It analyses the background of the activity of chosen organized crime and terrorist groups in this region. The article refers to some social and economic conditions for the spread of violence and illegal business in the area. It is focused on the most important dimensions of these problems and on the strategy implemented by South American governments to fight and prevent organized crime. The paper shows how the security forces deal with the threat and evaluate the impact of these efforts.
Silent Conflict in High-profile Cities. Latin America and Beyond
Authors: Darmach Krystian
Published: March 2021

This anthropological essay provides a meditation on mass tourism while analysing the mechanisms of conflict between the needs of mass tourism and the local urban environment, extraterritorial spaces that fit into the universal heritage of humanity. Historical districts/ entertainment districts in capital cities are discussed as extraterritorial areas treated as ambivalent, bypassed, business bases. The tourists themselves constitute thoroughly ambivalent figures as tame strangers, treated simultaneously as a potential source of maximum earnings and intruders.
Pelvik Kuşak Ağrısında Klinik Testler ile Hasta Bildirimli ve Performansa Dayalı Sonuç Ölçümleri
Authors: YENİŞEHİR Semiha
Published: March 2021

Pelvik kuşak ağrısı (PKA) yaygın olarak görülen bir kas-iskelet sistemi hastalığıdır. Gebelik, travma, artrit ve osteoartrit ile ilişkili olarak artan PKA, hormonal, biyomekanik, travmatik, metabolik, genetik, psikolojik, nörofizyolojik ve dejeneratif faktörlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. PKA ağrı ve aktivite limitasyonu gibi durumlara yol açarak yaşam kalitesinde azalmaya yol açmaktadır. PKA’lı bireylerde açığa çıkan bu durumların hasta bildirimli ve performansa yönelik sonuç ölçümleriyle değerlendirilmesi, tedavi programının planlaması ve etkinliğinin gösterilmesi açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı PKA’lı bireylerin tanı ve değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan klinik testleri ile hasta bildirimli ve performansa dayalı sonuç ölçümlerini derlemektir. Bu amaçla PubMed, Google Scholar ve ScienceDirect veri tabanlarında ilgili anahtar sözcükler kullanılarak 1 Aralık 2020 tarihine kadar yayımlanmış olan çalışmalarda tarama yapılmıştır. PKA’lı bireylerin tanısında kullanılan klinik testler ve değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan hasta bildirimli ve performansa dayalı sonuç ölçümleri psikometrik analizlerle sunulmuş, gerek performansa dayalı sonuç ölçümleri ve gerekse bunların karşılaştırıldığı çalışmaların oldukça az sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu derlemenin bulgularının PKA’lı bireylerle çalışan tüm sağlık profesyonelleri ve araştırmacılar için yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Preliminary sensory evaluation of grpe pomace flour sweet cookies
Authors: Palma M. Lídia , Ferreira Pêgo Cíntia , Nicolai Marisa , Pereira Paula
Published: March 2021

The sustainable use of resources and industrial waste is an important objective for environmental preservation and in the search for potential new foods and ingredients. Considering the size and importance of the wine industry, the use of winemaking waste in a sustainable manner is important for producers. Given the nutritional characteristics of this by-product, its use as an ingredient may be an interesting source of income, especially in Portugal, where around 183 thousand tons of this waste are generated annually. In addition to studies regarding the nutritional characteristics and active constituents, it is necessary to evaluate the acceptability of potential buyers to different food matrices resulting from the incorporation of grape pomace flour. This study was designed to evaluate the acceptability of sweet cookies with the incorporation of different percentages of grape pomace flour resulting from the vinification of Arinto and Touriga Nacional grape varieties. The sensory assessment of 149 individuals was evaluated using a questionnaire developed for this purpose. The results obtained are not conclusive, but there is a tendency for the preference for cookies with the incorporation of grape pomace flour at 15% versus incorporation of 20%, independent of the cast used.