bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional analysis of turbulent twin-swirling jets onto a heated rectangular prism in a channel
Authors: Gur Muhammed , Oztop Hakan , Biswas Nirmalendu , Selimefendigil Fatih
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of swirling jet flow on the cooling performance of a heated rectangular prism placed within a channel. The primary aim is to explore the influence of varying aspect ratios (AR) of the prism and different fluid Reynolds numbers (Re) on the cooling efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical analysis is performed using a finite volume-based solver, which incorporates the large eddy simulations (LES) turbulence model. The setup consists of twin 45° swirling jets directed at isothermally heated bodies, with water used as the cooling medium. The rectangular prism is oriented perpendicularly to the channel flow direction, positioned one unit distance from the inlet. This study examines three distinct aspect ratios (AR = 0.5, 1 and 1.5) and a range of Reynolds numbers (6000 = Re = 20000).

Findings

The results indicate that cooling efficiency improves as the aspect ratio decreases and the Reynolds number increases. Higher Reynolds numbers enhance jet impingement and turbulent mixing, which are crucial for efficient heat transfer. Conversely, lower Reynolds numbers lead to diminished impingement and reduced cooling efficiency. Increasing the Reynolds number from 6000 to 20000 elevates the average Nusselt number by 35% (for AR = 0.5) and up to 45% (for AR = 1.5). It was observed that lower aspect ratios produce superior cooling effects due to intensified localized jet interactions.

Originality/value

This research significantly contributes to the fields of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering by elucidating the influence of swirling jet flows on the cooling of heated surfaces. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of cooling systems across various industrial applications.
What drives sustainable procurement? Insights from the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Hinterhuber Andreas , Khan Owais
Published: January 2025

Purpose

A fundamental research question is what leads some organizations, but not others, to be sustainable in their procurement operations. Extant theoretical frameworks, while valuable, do not fully reflect the nuances of decision-making in procurement operations. We aim to illuminate the role of individual attitudes, capabilities, and behavioral intentions in actualizing sustainable procurement.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop a framework by adapting the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the context of sustainable procurement. We test the framework with a sample of 465 procurement professionals based in the EU through partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

We find that sustainable purchasing behavior is predominantly shaped by behavioral intention, that is, willingness to pay for sustainability. This behavioral intention is significantly influenced by individual attitudes and capabilities in addition to awareness of consequences and perceived corporate social responsibility engagement but, interestingly, not by individual subjective norms.

Originality/value

The TPB is one of the most influential models for predicting behavior. However, the application of the theory in operations management is hitherto limited. The present study contributes to understanding individual-level antecedents of operations management practices and offers suggestions to practitioners engaged in fostering sustainable procurement.
Resilient supply chains: advancing technology integration with pre- and post-disruption technology roadmap
Authors: Bhatnagar Bhavesh , Dixit Vijaya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies are pivotal in enhancing supply chain resilience (SCRES). The extant literature identifies multiple antecedents of SCRES. However, the holistic impact of I4.0 technologies on all the antecedents of SCRES has not been rigorously studied. Practising managers have a limited understanding of the interrelationship of these technologies and their impact on each SCRES antecedent and its subfactors. This highlights the need for a comprehensive technology roadmap that integrates I4.0 technologies with SCRES antecedents and subfactors, benefiting both the pre- and post-disruption phases.

Design/methodology/approach

Interpretive structural modelling is used to develop the hierarchical structure of technologies based on their interrelationship. ANP-SVNTOPSIS (Analytic Network Process – Single Valued Neutrosophic Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to quantify technology impact factors (TIFs) value of each technology corresponding to each antecedent of SCRES is applied.

Findings

The result reveals that data-driven technologies and additive manufacturing have the highest impact on SCRES. The detailed analysis of the TIF values identifies high-impacting technologies for each SCRES antecedent and subfactor. The results are used to propose a technology roadmap integrating I4.0 technologies with SCRES antecedents for pre- and post-disruption phases.

Originality/value

The positive impact of I4.0 technologies on SCRES is well established. However, many companies face challenges in their I4.0 implementation projects despite the manifold advantages. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has conducted such a rigorous analysis at the individual technology level and SCRES antecedents to quantify the multifaceted dimensions of SCRES. The present study addresses this gap. Furthermore, it proposes a technology roadmap which incorporates pre- and post-disruption phases, which is its uniqueness.
Does economic policy uncertainty affect conservatism?: evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , An Yohan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on accounting conservatism in Korean firms. An increase in EPU could widen information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders, to the detriment of a firm’s investment decisions, stock price and cost of capital. This paper hypothesizes that Korean firms are likely to decrease accounting conservatism during high EPU due to inefficient institutional structure and weak corporate governance, together with the vulnerability of the Korean economy to exogenous shocks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study measures a firm’s level of conservatism using three accrual-based models proposed by Ball and Shivakumar (2006): 1) the cash flow model (CF model), 2) the Dechow and Dichev model (DD model) and 3) the Jones model. As a robustness test, this paper uses C-score model as an alternative measure of accounting conservatism. The data set used in this study is a total of 23,109 firm-year observations during the sample period from 2000 to 2018.

Findings

The test results show that an increase in EPU adversely affects Korean firms’ accounting conservatism, and that this adverse impact is more pronounced in financially distressed and non-manufacturing firms. This study’s findings highlight the importance of institutional structure during a period of high EPU, which can create incentives for either improving or deteriorating reporting quality.

Originality/value

This study adds new evidence to extant literature on the effects of EPU on managers’ choice of accounting policies and demonstrates that managers in emerging markets may have different incentives to cope with country-specific EPU fluctuations.
Fashion cocreation: cross-cultural insights and strategies
Authors: Lorenzo Romero Carlota , Alarcón-del-Amo María-del-Carmen , Gómez Borja Miguel Ángel , Del-Pozo-Ruiz Leticia
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the multicultural consumers’ perceptions multicultural consumers’ perceptions of their experience after participating in online cocreation actions in the fashion industry and the behavioral consequences of that experience.

Design/methodology/approach

This research was conducted in Spain and the UK, with 800 active online cocreators, leading to a proposal of a comprehensive model of the cocreation experience and its effects on satisfaction and engagement with the brand and the intention to continue cocreating using a multi-group covariance structural equation model.

Findings

All the proposed hypotheses were confirmed. Cocreation activities influence the cocreation experience, which, in turn, generates a positive effect on the behavioral responses of individuals in terms of satisfaction, engagement and future intentions to continue participating in the brand’s cocreation activities. The cocreation patterns are similar in both countries, leading to a comparable behavioral model across different cultural contexts. The findings conclude with relevant recommendations on how brands can improve their globalization strategies.

Practical implications

The practical utility for a fashion retailer arises from acknowledging the different dimensions of the cocreation experience as mechanisms to develop strategies that foster customer participation, thus enhancing satisfaction, brand engagement and advocacy. The results also advocate for the proposition of similar actions across different markets, given the homogeneity of behaviors, likely through global platforms that facilitate participation from different markets toward the creation of global communities.

Originality/value

The significant contribution of this research lies in the detailed proposal for measuring the cocreation experience and its integration into a comprehensive model of the impact of cocreation on classic behavioral variables. Furthermore, the differential analysis across two countries provides the added value of a multicultural evaluation of the phenomenon.
Antarctic Geothermal Soils Exhibit an Absence of Regional Habitat Generalist Microorganisms
Authors: Noell Stephen E. , Abbaszadeh Jaber , Richards Huw , Labat Saint Vincent Marie , Lee Charles K. , Herbold Craig W. , Stott Matthew B. , Cary S. Craig , McDonald Ian R.
Published: January 2025

Active geothermal systems are relatively rare in Antarctica and represent metaphorical islands ideal to study microbial dispersal. In this study, we tested the macro‐ecological concept that high dispersal rates result in communities being dominated by either habitat generalists or specialists by investigating the microbial communities on four geographically separated geothermal sites on three Antarctic volcanoes (Mts. Erebus, Melbourne, and Rittman). We found that the microbial communities at higher temperature (max 65°C) sites (Tramway Ridge on Erebus and Rittmann) were unique from each other and were dominated by a variety of novel Archaea from class Nitrososphaeria, while lower temperature (max 50°C) sites (Western Crater on Erebus and Melbourne) had characteristically mesophilic communities (Planctomycetes, Acidobacteriota, etc.) that were highly similar. We found that 97% of the detected microbial taxa were regional habitat specialists, with no generalists, with community assembly driven by high dispersal rates and drift (25% and 30% of community assembly, respectively), not environmental selection. Our results indicate that for microbial communities experiencing high dispersal rates between isolated communities, habitat specialists may tend to out‐compete habitat generalists.
Should the Reserve Bank Cut Interest Rates?
Authors: Borland Jeff , Dawkins Peter , Garnaut Ross , Gross Isaac , Hogan Warren , Keating Michael , Lim Guay , Tulip Peter , Vines David , Webster Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Nine leading economists acknowledge that the state of the labour market is currently the critical factor determining price inflation and, consequently, the decision to adjust the cash rate. The main point of contention is how high unemployment, and other measures of labour surplus, need to be, to ensure wages do not fuel further inflation. Five economists agree that current conditions (January 2025) are not stimulating inflation and delaying a rate cut could risk a low growth, low productivity outcome; two have a conditional view, and two would like to see rates maintained.
Association between prescribed stimulant medications and overdose among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy: A retrospective cohort study from British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Young Samantha , Fairbairn Nadia , Cui Zishan , Bach Paxton , Mok Wing Yin , Budau Juls , Slaunwhite Amanda , Ti Lianping , Hayashi Kanna , Nolan Seonaid
Published: January 2025

Aims

We measured the association between prescribed stimulant medications and overdose among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) for opioid use disorder.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using the British Columbia Provincial Overdose Cohort, a linked administrative database.

Setting

We used data from British Columbia, Canada, from January 2015 through February 2020.

Participants

In total, 9395 individuals contributed 18 273 person‐years of follow‐up while dispensed OAT.

Measurements

We examined the association between stimulant prescription (primary exposure) and fatal or non‐fatal overdose (primary outcome, allowing for recurrent events) after adjusting for potential confounders including sociodemographic characteristics and substance use patterns. As a secondary analysis, we evaluated type of OAT (full agonists involving methadone or slow‐release oral morphine versus partial agonist involving buprenorphine/naloxone alone) as a potential effect modifier.

Findings

There were 1746 overdose events; 37 (2.1%) were fatal. Overall, there was no increased risk of overdose among individuals dispensed a stimulant medication while on OAT [adjusted Cox regression hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.86–1.49, P = 0.39]. When analyzed by type of OAT medication, for individuals on buprenorphine, dispensation of a stimulant medication was associated with a reduced risk of overdose (AHR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23–0.96, P = 0.037) while, for individuals on full agonist OAT, dispensation of a stimulant medication was associated with an increased risk of overdose (AHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.09–2.07, P = 0.012).

Conclusions

There does not appear to be an overall increased risk of overdose for individuals co‐prescribed a stimulant medication with opioid agonist therapy (OAT). There appears to be a reduced risk of overdose for individuals dispensed buprenorphine with a stimulant medication compared with those dispensed buprenorphine alone, and an increased risk of overdose for individuals dispensed full agonist OAT (methadone or slow‐release oral morphine) with a stimulant medication compared with those dispensed full agonist OAT alone.
Climate change: What do we do about it? Economic issues regarding agricultural adaptation and mitigation
Authors: McCarl Bruce A.
Published: January 2025

Climate change will undoubtedly affect many aspects of the agricultural sector as a driver of impacts, as a force stimulating adaptation to limit or exploit climate change impacts, and as a focal point for mitigation opportunities to reduce its extent. Sectoral participants will react by undertaking a variety of adaptation and mitigation actions. Adaptation is largely inevitable but may require public action to either provide public goods or support private adaptation. Agriculture will also play an important role in mitigating climate change, as in cases it can provide low‐cost net greenhouse gas reductions. This paper will discuss the economic and physical characteristics of adaptation and mitigation actions that can be taken in the agricultural sector plus introduce some analysis results and possible directions. Clearly, across these areas, economists will find rich areas for economic inquiry.
Self‐perceived and measured visual function, the impact of eye‐disease, wellbeing, social determinants, and personality traits in Swedish 70‐year‐olds–results from the Gothenburg H70 Study
Authors: Havstam Johansson Lena , Zetterberg Madeleine , Falk Erhag Hanna
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To explore the potential correlation between subjective and measured visual function, as well as to analyse the influence of eye disease, socioeconomic factors and emotional dimensions.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews, physical examinations and functional tests (n = 1203). Demographics covered sex, marital status, education, household economy, smoking and alcohol. Participants (born in 1944) rated their visual function (n = 533); those misjudging (n = 48) were studied. Group A (n = 18) had low presenting visual acuity (PVA) but reported good vision; Group B (n = 30) had normal PVA but reported low vision. Control group (n = 485) matched subjective and measured visual function. Ophthalmic examination tested visual acuity (VA), visual field and contrast sensitivity (CS). Psychometric tests: NEO‐FFI, sense of coherence (SOC) and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Statistical tests: chi‐square, t‐tests, Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression.

Results

Of the population, 91% made correct assumptions about their vision. The 9% who made incorrect assumptions about their vision ability (combining groups A + B) were more likely to live alone (p = 0.02) and had lower household incomes compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Additionally, the exhibited significantly lower PVA and BCVA, a higher prevalence of visual field defects (p = 0.02) and lower CS, mean 1.63 (p = 0.005). Group A (3.4%) were women (p = 0.002) with the personality of extraversion, mean 40.0 (p = 0.01). Group B (5.6%) had more self‐reported eye diseases (p = 0.01), lower CS (p = 0.01), lower educational level (p = 0.03) and border significantly lower SOC (p = 0.06).

Conclusions

The perception of visual function is shaped by awareness of an eye disease but is additionally influenced by sex, socioeconomic factors and emotional parameters.
‘Internationalisation at a Distance’ at the intersections of educational technologies and the internationalisation of higher education
Authors: Mittelmeier Jenna , Huang Daian , Gunter Ashley
Published: January 2025

In this editorial, we introduce the special section focusing on ‘Internationalisation at a Distance’ (IaD), highlighting how educational technologies contribute to internationalisation practices and processes in higher education. These practices exist in transitional spaces which interrogate conventional distinctions between mobility/immobility and home/abroad by establishing ‘third spaces’ where students and staff interact with institutions across borders without the necessity of geographic relocation. This special section evaluates these practices through a critical lens, reflecting on limitations and inequalities associated with IaD, despite its often‐assumed transformative potential for expanding access to global higher education. Here, this special section argues that IaD fundamentally opposes fixed representations of place and interrogates simplistic binary frameworks, positioning itself as a concept that is inherently post‐structuralist. This reframing necessitates a sophisticated comprehension of essential concepts including mobility, home, and cultural exchange. Collectively, this special section addresses these issues by underscoring how IaD continues to reinforce pre‐existing disparities in resource access, epistemic (in)justices, and power imbalances. The findings discussed herein underscore the significance of ethical considerations for educational technologies in the realm of IaD and the necessity for evidence‐based strategies aimed at fostering more inclusive and sustainable practices. Ultimately, IaD signifies a profound reconsideration of global higher education, presenting technology‐influenced avenues for innovation while necessitating a critical examination of its functions within an unequal world.
The ITP diagnostic challenge
Authors: González‐López Tomás José
Published: January 2025

Despite numerous advances, the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains a diagnosis of exclusion. This commentary analyses and contextualizes the recent report from Garabet et al. that MicroRNA‐199a‐5p could be used as a diagnostic marker for ITP.

Commentary on: Garabet et al. MicroRNA‐199a‐5p may be a diagnostic biomarker of primary ITP. Br J Haematol 2025 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19987.
Polyphyllin VII Enhances the Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel by Promoting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Yun‐Yi , Hua Wen‐Xi , Huang Yu‐Hua , Ding Xiang
Published: January 2025

Docetaxel (DTX) is the preferred chemotherapeutic drug for prostate cancer (Pca), but the emergence of resistance has significantly reduced its efficacy. Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), a small molecule natural product derived from the traditional herb Paris polyphylla, has shown anticancer potential. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PPVII combined with DTX in treating Pca. DTX‐sensitive DU‐145 cells and DTX‐resistant DU145/DTX cells were utilized for experiments in this study. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays, while apoptosis, cell cycles, and ferroptosis were analyzed through flow cytometry and Western blot. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Additionally, the expression of proteins related to the AMP‐activated protein kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin/S6 kinase (AMPK/mTOR/S6K) signaling pathway was also examined to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. PPVII significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of DTX, reduced cell viability (p < 0.05), and promoted apoptosis (p < 0.05) and cell cycle arrest (p < 0.05). Specifically, PPVII increased the sensitivity of Pca cells to DTX by inducing ferroptosis and affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway played a crucial role in this process. This study revealed the synergistic effects and potential mechanisms of PPVII combined with DTX in Pca cells, and provided a reference for effectively overcoming DTX resistance in the clinical treatment of Pca.
Improving Parent and Therapist Experiences of Codelivering Intensive Upper Limb Interventions for Children With Hemiplegia: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Massey Jill , Tsianakas Vicki , Gordon Anne , Robert Glenn
Published: January 2025

Background

Partnership working between parents and therapists is a key component of family‐centred care (FCC). Such partnerships in paediatric intervention delivery can help achieve required levels of dosage, intensity and embed interventions in the child's everyday activities. This study explores the experience and views of parents and therapists codelivering an intensive upper limb intervention programme for children with hemiplegia, to find ways to enhance successful partnership working.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 parents and 8 therapists (3 hospital‐based and 5 community‐based). To help make evidence‐based recommendations, data were analysed using inductive reflexive analysis and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of constructs that are common determinants of clinical behaviours or practices.

Results

Five major themes were identified as follows: (1) realities of accessing intensive intervention, (2) key components of intervention delivery, (3) role of goal setting, (4) importance of partnership and (5) impact of intervention delivery on parents. Our findings showed that overall parents valued involvement in the programme, acknowledging benefits and challenges, as well as aspects in which they needed further support. Hospital therapists identified various education and training needs to improve their capabilities to coach parents and to collaboratively set meaningful goals. Community therapists valued the opportunity to develop their skills in intensive intervention and were keen to see evidence‐based interventions offered in the community.

Conclusions

It is possible for parents, hospital therapists and community therapists to codeliver intensive upper limb intervention programmes to children with hemiplegia. However, it is important to create a flexible programme which clearly acknowledges the roles, skills and unique contributions of parents and therapists which is conducive to truly equal partnership working in appropriate settings.
‘Bone Health—Across a Woman's Lifespan’
Authors: Stokes Gabrielle , Herath Madhuni , Samad Navira , Trinh Anne , Milat Frances
Published: January 2025

Despite a high burden of osteoporosis and minimal trauma fractures worldwide, there is still a treatment gap in timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. There is also a lack of international consensus and guidelines on the management of bone fragility in premenopausal women. This review article provides an overview of the current understanding of factors impacting women's bone health across the adult lifespan, as well as dilemmas in the diagnosis, assessment and management of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, premature ovarian insufficiency and bone health following breast cancer.
Intra‐articular corticosteroids: Systematic review of effects of multiple injections and different doses
Authors: Tokawa P. K. A. , Baccarin R. Y. A. , Zanotto G. M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Corticosteroids are commonly used for intra‐articular (IA) treatment of osteoarthritis (OA); however, controversy exists regarding its use as a multiple‐injection treatment and for appropriate dosing.

Objectives

This systematic review collected and critically appraised evidence regarding the effects of (1) multiple injections protocols for OA treatment in horses and humans; (2) different doses of corticosteroids for treating OA in horses and humans; (3) different doses of corticosteroids in challenged joint tissues/cells in vitro.

Study design

Systematic review.

Methods

Titles published up to June 2022 generated by searches in PubMed, CAB and the Web of Science were screened using general inclusion criteria. Each question (multiple treatments; different doses in vivo and in vitro) had further inclusion requirements. The risk of bias was assessed according to the study design. Horses were the species of interest but human studies were also considered.

Results

Of 6417 titles generated by the systematic search, only nine met all inclusion criteria for question 1, one was included for question 2 and 11 for question 3. Most studies showed unclear/high risk of bias. Multiple‐injection protocols showed better symptom‐modifying changes at first injections with decreasing improvements over time or for shorter follow‐ups in both humans and horses. Disease‐modifying changes improved over shorter follow‐ups; however, at longer periods, negative effects were seen. Determining the dose effect of different doses of corticosteroids was challenging as only one in vivo study met the inclusion criteria. In vitro, lower doses appeared to be safer for articular tissues.

Main limitations

Lack of studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Conclusions

No benefits but drawbacks of multiple IA injections in the long term were found in this review. Results regarding the dose of corticosteroids in OA joints were poorly available in vivo and support the use of lower doses. In vitro, studies pointed out that lower doses might be safer for joint tissues.
Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Soil N2O Emissions and Crop Yield in Global Cereal Cropping Systems
Authors: Zhu Yuhao , Li Ziyang , Zhao Dan , Zhang Bowen , Zhu Bo , Yao Zhisheng , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Zhou Minghua
Published: January 2025

Conservation agriculture, which involves minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, has been widely adopted as a sustainable agricultural practice globally. However, the effects of conservation agriculture practices on soil N2O emissions and crop yield vary based on geography, management methods, and the duration of implementation, which has hindered its widespread scientific application. In this study, we assessed the impacts of no‐tillage (NT), both individually and in combination with other conservation agriculture principles, on soil N2O emissions and crop yields worldwide, based on 1270 observations from 86 peer‐reviewed articles. Our results showed that conservation agriculture practices significantly increased crop yield by 9.1% while significantly reducing soil N2O emissions by 6.8% compared to conventional tillage (CT). These mitigation effects were even greater when NT was combined with other conservation agriculture principles, such as crop residue retention and crop rotation, leading to reductions in N2O emissions of over 15% and yield increases of more than 30%. Additionally, conservation agriculture was more effective at mitigating soil N2O emissions in dry climates compared to humid regions. Long‐term adoption of conservation agriculture practices was found to reduce soil N2O emissions by up to 26% without compromising crop yields. Smallholder farm in Central Asia, South Asia, and sub‐Saharan Africa appear particularly suitable for the adoption of conservation agriculture, whereas, in humid climates, high nitrogen (N) input management and silt‐clay loam soil should be applied with caution. Overall, conservation agriculture holds significant potential for mitigating soil N2O emissions while enhancing grain yields in cereal cropping systems.
Are Games Always Fun and Fair? A Comparison of Reactions to Different Game‐Based Assessments
Authors: Ohlms Marie Luise , Melchers Klaus G.
Published: January 2025

Game‐based assessment (GBA) has garnered attention in the personnel selection and assessment context owing to its postulated potential to improve applicant reactions. However, GBAs can differ considerably depending on their specific design. Therefore, we sought to determine whether test taker reactions to GBAs vary owing to the different manifestations that GBAs may take on, and to test takers' individual preferences for such assessments. In an experimental study, each of N = 147 participants was shown six different GBAs and asked to rate several applicant reaction variables concerning these assessments. We found that reactions to GBAs were not inherently positive even though GBAs were generally perceived as enjoyable. However, perceptions of fairness and organizational attractiveness varied considerably between GBAs. Participants' age and experience with video games were related to reactions but had less impact than the different GBAs. Our results suggest that a technology‐as‐designed approach, which considers GBAs as a combination of multiple components (e.g., game elements), is crucial in GBA research to provide generalizable results for theory and practice.
The SlWRKY42–SlMYC2 module synergistically enhances tomato saline–alkali tolerance by activating the jasmonic acid signaling and spermidine biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Shang Chunyu , Duan Pengyu , Yang Jianyu , Wang Jianbin , Sui Dan , Chen Guo , Li Xiaojing , Li Guobin , Hu Songshen , Hu Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop but frequently experiences saline–alkali stress. Our previous studies have shown that exogenous spermidine (Spd) could significantly enhance the saline–alkali resistance of tomato seedlings, in which a high concentration of Spd and jasmonic acid (JA) exerted important roles. However, the mechanism of Spd and JA accumulation remains unclear. Herein, SlWRKY42, a Group II WRKY transcription factor, was identified in response to saline–alkali stress. Overexpression of SlWRKY42 improved tomato saline–alkali tolerance. Meanwhile, SlWRKY42 knockout mutants, exhibited an opposite phenotype. RNA‐sequencing data also indicated that SlWRKY42 regulated the expression of genes involved in JA signaling and Spd synthesis under saline–alkali stress. SlWRKY42 is directly bound to the promoters of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4 to promote Spd accumulation and ionic balance, respectively. SlWRKY42 interacted with SlMYC2. Importantly, SlMYC2 is also bound to the promoter of SlSPDS2 to promote Spd accumulation and positively regulated saline–alkali tolerance. Furthermore, the interaction of SlMYC2 with SlWRKY42 boosted SlWRKY42's transcriptional activity on SlSPDS2, ultimately enhancing the tomato's saline–alkali tolerance. Overall, our findings indicated that SlWRKY42 and SlMYC2 promoted saline–alkali tolerance by the Spd biosynthesis pathway. Thus, this provides new insight into the mechanisms of plant saline–alkali tolerance responses triggered by polyamines (PAs).
Physical Aspects of Sexuality, Attachment, and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Busby Dean M. , Allen Chelsea Zollinger , Leavitt Chelom E. , Jensen Alexander C.
Published: January 2025

Healthy sexuality includes relational, emotional, and physical elements as noted in the sexual wholeness model. Genital acceptance (emotional comfort with reactions to genitalia) and physical sexual knowledge (knowledge of the physical aspects of sex) are two areas of physical relationships that may be associated with sexual satisfaction. Attachment is a factor that has been associated with sexual relationships and may be an intervening variable between the physical aspects of sex and sexual satisfaction. Data from a dyadic sample of 515 couples were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct and indirect actor and partner effects of physical sexual knowledge and genital acceptance on sexual satisfaction, working through mechanisms of anxious and avoidant attachment. Findings revealed that genital acceptance and physical sexual knowledge, particularly knowledge about the female body, were associated with lower levels of insecure attachment and greater satisfaction with sexual relationships.
Comparative Analysis of 4NQO‐ and Ethanol‐Induced Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Male and Female Mice: Association With Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Costa Anaíra Ribeiro Guedes Fonseca , de Oliveira Santos Débora , Pereira Isabella Moura , Rosa Rafael Borges , de Castro Emilene Ferreira , de Jesus Ianca Daniele Oliveira , Silva Mariana Daiani Costa , Cardoso Sérgio Vitorino , Loyola Adriano Mota , de Faria Paulo Rogério
Published: January 2025

Background

Considering that peripheral blood biomarkers are prognostic predictors for several human tumors, this study aimed to comparatively analyze the association of hematological alterations with the incidence of epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in male and female mice treated with 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide (4NQO) and ethanol (EtOH).

Methods

120 C57Bl/6J mice (60 males and 60 females) were allocated to four groups (n = 15). They were treated firstly either with 5 mg/mL propylene glycol (PPG) or 100 μg/mL 4NQO in the drinking water for 10 weeks, followed by sterilized water (H2O) or 8% EtOH (v/v) for 15 weeks, as follows: PPG/H2O, PPG/EtOH, 4NQO/H2O, and 4NQO/EtOH (CEUA‐UFU, #020/21). After killing, tongues were collected for histopathological analysis of ED and OSCC. Blood samples were processed for complete blood count and calculation of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII).

Results

The incidence of OSCC in females from the 4NQO/EtOH group (60%) was lower when compared to males (93%). Neutrophils, NLR, and SII increased from control animals (PPG/H2O and PPG/EtOH) to ED and OSCC‐bearing male and female mice (4NQO/H2O and 4NQO/EtOH), while lymphocytes decreased. Females from the 4NQO/H2O group with ED also had higher neutrophils, NRL, and SII values than females with normal tongues.

Conclusion

The low incidence of 4NQO‐ and ethanol‐induced OSCC in females indicates that the sex bias in OSCC may not be associated with extrinsic risk factors alone. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, NRL, and SII were significantly altered during multistep carcinogenesis and thus could be explored as biomarkers for ED and OSCC development.
A Qualitative Study on Nurses' Caring Experiences With Individuals With Kidney Failure Receiving Haemodialysis
Authors: Boateng Edward Appiah , Bodua‐Mango Bernice , Kyei‐Dompim Joana , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine
Published: January 2025

Background

Kidney failure is a major health issue globally, particularly in Ghana and other low‐ and middle‐income countries. Nurses are centrally involved in the direct care and technical operations of managing individuals with kidney failure, and they have first‐hand exposure to the complexities of kidney failure management, including haemodialysis within resource‐constrained settings.

Objective

This study explored the experiences of nurses who provide care to individuals with kidney failure receiving haemodialysis in Ghana.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach was used. Sixteen participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected through in‐depth interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four main themes that reflect the experiences of nurses caring for individuals with kidney failure receiving haemodialysis in Ghana were identified, showing that nurses caring for these individuals consider their care as expensive, demanding, suboptimal and emotionally distressing for nurses.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights that could enhance the understanding of the meaning and significance of caring for individuals receiving haemodialysis. Improving the haemodialysis caring experiences of nurses in Ghana requires addressing issues related to cost, emotional stress and workload of nurses, and resource availability. Changes to the healthcare system are needed to enhance the experience of patients and medical professionals involved in haemodialysis.
Key factors associated with oral health services at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Pang Jinman , Surdu Simona , Fernando Theekshana , Moore Jean
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to investigate changes in oral health services from 2012 to 2021 and identify factors influencing the number of different types of services directly provided by all Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).

Methods

Data from the 2012–2021 Uniform Data System were analyzed using multilevel mixed‐effect negative binomial regression models. These models explored associations between oral health staffing, federal grant revenue, and state Medicaid dental policies for adults, and the number of different types of oral health services provided at FQHCs. Regressions were adjusted for FQHC and state characteristics, and survey year.

Results

FQHC visits for any oral health service increased significantly with each additional full‐time equivalent (FTE) in all types of oral health staffing, ranging between 0.8% and 13.7% (e.g., IRR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.126–1.148 for preventive services by dental hygienists/therapists). Preventive dental visits increased significantly by 32% (IRR = 1.320, 95% CI = 1.028–1.694) for every 1% increase in the proportion of capital development grants to the total revenue. Although not statistically significant, FQHCs in states with extensive Medicaid dental coverage had a 2%–7% increase in all types of oral health services except emergency services compared to those in states with emergency‐only coverage.

Conclusions

This study found that increasing dental staffing, particularly of dental hygienists/therapists, enhances FQHCs' ability to provide preventive services. Capital development grants also positively influence preventive dental care delivery. Expanding Medicaid dental coverage may also increase service utilization, particularly among underserved groups, reducing oral health disparities.
Crowdsourcing for addressing grand challenges: Sponsor‐challenge fit, identified motivation, and the intention to submit
Authors: Garaus Christian , Garaus Marion , Wagner Udo
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing interest in using crowdsourcing to address grand challenges such as climate change, the underlying mechanism that explains users' intention to submit ideas to such crowdsourcing initiatives of relevance for wider society is poorly understood. Building on the self‐determination theory, this article investigates different types of motivation and provides compelling theoretical and empirical evidence for the critical role of one motivation which is so far under‐researched, that of identified motivation (i.e., which is personally important and consciously valued), in triggering users' intention to submit. We further identify a new construct stimulating motivation—sponsor‐challenge fit—and reveal identified motivation as an underlying mechanism explaining the influence of sponsor‐challenge fit on the intention to submit to crowdsourcing initiatives addressing grand challenges. We demonstrate the importance of identified motivation compared to other types of motivation and explore two moderators (sponsor transparency and sponsor capability) in two scenario‐based experiments involving fictitious crowdsourcing initiatives. The first study demonstrates that increased sponsor transparency (i.e., open disclosure of submission guidelines and selection criteria) strengthens the effect of sponsor‐challenge fit on users' identified motivation and, consequently, their intention to submit. The second study reveals that sponsor capability (i.e., financial and operational ability to develop ideas further) can mitigate the negative effects of a low sponsor‐challenge fit, thereby enhancing identified motivation even when the fit is low. Our article contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the identified motivation's role in addressing grand challenges, clarifying the impact of the alignment between sponsor and challenge on engagement, and demonstrating how sponsor transparency benefits organizations with high fit while sponsor capability aids those with low fit.
Exploring the progress and trends of immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis spanning nearly two decades
Authors: Jiang Yixin , Xu Zhou , Wu Yuting , Li Xinglei , Ling Jitao , Chen Yixuan , Zhu Zicheng , Yang Pingping , Liu Xiao , Zhang Deju , Liu Jianping , Yin Xiaoping , Zhang Jing , Yu Peng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Immunotherapy is a crucial treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet analyses focusing on research priorities and trends in this field are limited. Therefore, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically explore the current research status of immunotherapy for T1D.

Methods

Based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database, 1573 articles and review articles related to immunotherapy for T1D published from 2004 to 2023 were screened for bibliometric analysis. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R software were applied to comprehensively analyze the number of publications, journals, countries, authors, institutions, keywords, and references.

Results

In the past two decades, the global annual publication rate has seen a significant increase of 238.24%. Almost 40% of all publications have appeared in the last 5 years, accounting for over 50% of total citations. Journals such as Diabetes, Journal of Autoimmunity and Frontiers in Immunology have exerted substantial influence. Collaboration across nations has been notably strong, with the United States leading the way. The University of Florida is the most productive institution. Terms like “nivolumab,” “ipilimumab,” “pembrolizumab,” and “immune checkpoint inhibitor(s)” gain considerable traction. The majority of research has clustered around themes such as immunomodulation, autoimmune diseases, immune checkpoint inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and cell therapy. Precision medicine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and nanotechnology are trending focal points in contemporary research.

Conclusion

The outcomes of the study are instrumental in enabling scholars to comprehend the evolving trajectory of immunotherapeutic approaches for T1D and facilitate the swift recognition of emerging research pathways.
Aiding Recruitment: A Comparative Case Study of Non‐State Actors in Lebanon and the United States After Disaster
Authors: Pudlo Jason M. , Kassab Hanna Samir
Published: January 2025

Objective

What do earthquakes in Syria share with wildfires in the mountain west of the United States? The article's objective is to show how disasters serve as recruiting events for anti‐government and militia movements.

Methodology

The methodology uses a comparative case study alongside discourse analysis to demonstrate how disaster response serves as a recruiting tool. The comparative approach for this paper first establishes how anti‐government movements use the provision of social services to establish trust, gain legitimacy, and recruit members. Discourse analysis analyzes texts and other media as it relates to the social and political context of a particular time and place.

Results

We find Hezbollah and American militias are driven by different ideologies but share seven post‐disaster recruitment strategies. First, both rely structural violence to use their social programs to expand their legitimacy; second, both cooperate with the state to expand legitimacy; third, both try to persuade society of their goodness; fourth, reshaping identity expands recruitment opportunity; fifth, the state fails to deliver social programs opening an opportunity for recruitment; sixth, both actors cooperate with the state to further their ends, not just a source of legitimacy, but a process of learning for the eventual collapse of the state as per group ideology; last, both actors rely on and hope for state failure to justify existence.

Conclusion

We conclude that disasters can serve as recruiting events for anti‐government and militia movements.
Discrete quantum subgroups of free unitary quantum groups
Authors: Freslon Amaury , Weber Moritz
Published: January 2025

We classify all compact quantum groups whose C*‐algebra sits inside that of the free unitary quantum groups . In other words, we classify all discrete quantum subgroups of , thereby proving a quantum variant of Kurosh's theorem to some extent. This yields interesting families which can be described using free wreath products and free complexifications. They can also be seen as quantum automorphism groups of specific quantum graphs which generalize finite rooted regular trees, providing explicit examples of quantum trees.
Investigation of thermal cut-off energy for accurate analysis of High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor
Authors: Takeda Satoshi , Kitada Takanori , Yamamoto Akio , Yamaji Kazuya , Koike Hiroki , Asano Koji
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the appropriate thermal cut-off energy for neutron transport calculations in the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR). Using the Monte Carlo calculation code MVP3.0, the impact of changing thermal cut-off energy on the multiplication factor was evaluated for the single fuel element geometry of HTTR, focusing on variations in fuel and moderator temperatures at the beginning of life (BOL) and end of life (EOL). In the default model of MVP3.0, resonance scattering is approximated by the free-monatomic-gas model with constant cross section. Therefore, the impact of using the exact model for resonance scattering was additionally examined. In the free-monatomic-gas model, a thermal cut-off energy of 30 eV is at least required to maintain the multiplication factor error within approximately ±50 pcm for both BOL and EOL. In addition, the results show that the impact of using the exact model instead of the free-monatomic-gas model on the multiplication factor is more than 200 pcm in the 30 to 40 eV range where U-238 has large resonance at 37 eV, and the impact becomes less than 50 pcm above 40 eV. These results indicate that a thermal cut-off energy of at least 30 eV is necessary without considering the effects of the exact model, and the energy range up to the 37 eV resonance needs to be considered in the case of applying the exact model to obtain the saturated results on multiplication factor for HTTR.