bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obowiązek mocowy na rynku wtórnym
Authors: Walczak Lidia
Published: September 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest pojęcie oraz zasady funkcjonowania obowiązku mocowego na rynku kapitałowym. Obowiązek mocowy został wprowadzony ustawą z 8.12.2017 r. o rynku mocy, w której zdefiniowano go jako „zobowiązanie dostawcy mocy do pozostawania w okresie dostaw w gotowości do dostarczania określonej mocy elektrycznej do systemu przez jednostkę rynku mocy oraz do dostawy określonej mocy elektrycznej do systemu w okresach zagrożenia”. Podstawowe racje tej regulacji obejmują konieczność zabezpieczenia państwa na wypadek niedoborów mocy w systemie elektroenergetycznym, jak również potrzebę wprowadzenia nowych form dozwolonej pomocy publicznej dla podmiotów wytwarzających energię. Obowiązek mocowy może być przedmiotem obrotu zarówno na rynku pierwotnym (jako rezultat zawarcia umowy mocowej), jak i na rynku wtórnym. Kwestia obrotu wtórnego obowiązkiem mocowym nie została jednak wyczerpująco uregulowana i budzi wiele wątpliwości. Podstawowym problemem jest status obowiązku mocowego jako instrumentu finansowego; mimo iż posiada cechy instrumentu finansowego wymienione w dyrektywie MiFID II, wyłączenie z rozporządzenia 2017/565 uniemożliwia przyporządkowanie obowiązku mocowego do tej kategorii. Zagadnienie to ma bardzo doniosłe znaczenie z punktu widzenia działalności przedsiębiorstw energetycznych, dla których korzystniejszym rozwiązaniem jest nieuznawanie obowiązku mocowego za instrument finansowy
Kaynatılmış İncir Ağacı Yaprağı Terapisi Komplikasyonu, Fitodermatit: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: DÖLEK Mustafa Ümit Can
Published: August 2021

İncir ağacı yaprağı furokumarin içerir ve güneş ışığıyla beraber maruziyeti fitodermatit yapabilmektedir. Acil servislerde veya birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti veren kliniklerde, fizik muayene bulguları ve yeterli anamnezle tanısı konulabilmektedir. Tedavide güneş ışığına maruziyetten kaçınma, sistemik ve topikal steroidler faydalı olabilir. Gelişebilecek komplikasyonlara karşı hasta bilgilendirilmelidir. Literatüre katkı amaçlı nadir görülen incir ağacı yaprağına bağlı gelişen fitodermatit olgusunu sunuyoruz.
Spontaneous and Induced Abortions and Its Determinants in Women Aged 15-49
Authors: CETİNKAYA Meral , MERCAN Yeliz
Published: August 2021

Aim: Abortions, which are among the causes of maternal mortality in the world, continue to be important not only for women's health, but also because they have devastating physiological, psychological, and economic effects on the family and society. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of total, induced, and spontaneous abortion in women aged 15-49 in a Family Health Center (FHC) region, and the factors affecting the abortion prevalence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 311 women aged 15-49 registered between February and December 2017 at the FHC region in Northwest Thrace in Turkey. Results: The unintended pregnancy prevalence of the participants was 14.8%, and abortion prevalence was 22.2%. Spontaneous and induced abortions prevalence was 12.2% and 10.9%, respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of abortion was significantly higher than the reference category in those who perceived their income at a bad level, current smokers, and those who considered abortion as a family planning method used to avoid unwanted pregnancies (p <0.05). The likelihood of induced abortion was significantly higher in women who perceived their income at a bad level, those with spouses aged 35 and older, and those whose spouses had primary school and lower levels of education (p<0.05). The likelihood of spontaneous abortion in women was higher in each one-unit increase in the total number of pregnancies, compared to those with high-school education, and those who perceived their income at a bad level (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nearly one out of every five women had undesired pregnancy experience, and one out of every four women had abortion experience. Spontaneous abortion prevalence was higher than that of induced abortion. Some sociodemographic and/ or obstetric characteristics are determinants of total abortion, induced abortion, and spontaneous abortion.
Lohusaların Obstetrik Öykülerinin Doğum Sonu Bebeklerin Beslenme Şekillerine Etkisi
Authors: İBİCİ AKÇA Emine , ŞENOĞLU Ayşe , GÖKYILDIZ SÜRÜCÜ Şule , ÖZTÜRK Melike
Published: August 2021

Giriş: Emzirmeyi etkileyen olumsuz faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılması ve bu faktörlere yönelik gerekli önlemlerin alınması doğum sonu dönemde bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenmelerinin başlatılmasında ve sürdürülmesinde önemlidir. Bu araştırma lohusaların obstetrik öykülerinin doğum sonu bebeklerin beslenme şekillerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Analitik-kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma Ocak-Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında bir kadın doğum hastanesinin kadın doğum yoğun bakım ve doğum servislerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini 135 lohusa oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veriler araştırmacıların literatür doğrultusunda hazırlamış olduğu ‘Lohusa Tanıtım Formu’ ile toplanmıştır. Veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 20.0 istatistik paket programında sayı, yüzde dağılımları, ortalama, standart sapma ve ki kare testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Lohusaların yaş ortalaması 26.81±6.568 (min:16, max:47)’dir. Lohusaların %38.5’i kadın doğum yoğun bakım servisinde yatmakta ve %69.6’sının yatış süresi 1 gündür. Lohusaların %49.6’sının bir çocuk sahibi olduğu, %68.9’unun normal doğum yaptığı ve %15.6’sının doğum sonu bakıma ilişkin eğitim aldığı belirlenmiştir. Lohusaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile doğum sonu bebeğini sadece anne sütü ile besleme durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Lohusaların yattıkları servis, yatış süreleri, çocuk sayıları, doğum şekilleri ve doğum sonu bakıma ilişkin eğitim alma durumları ile doğum sonu bebeğini sadece anne sütü ile besleme durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Doğum servisinde yatma, doğum sonu hastanede kalış süresinin kısa olması (1 gün), birden fazla çocuğa sahip olma, normal doğum yapma ve doğum sonu bakıma ilişkin eğitim alma lohusaların doğum sonu bebeğini sadece anne sütü ile besleme oranlarını arttırmaktadır.
A Development of Kansei Words for Robotic Therapy and the Elderly
Authors: Bidin Saiful Azman , Mohd Lokman Anitawati , Wan Mohd Isa Wan Abdul Rahim
Published: August 2021

Age has physical and psychological effects. Mental or emotional access is more difficult. It is easily effected and can lead to suicide. Despite limited attention and solutions, robotic therapy has given the elderly new hope. The learning environment is used to stimulate positive emotion while interacting with robots. It has grown in popularity as a potential benefit for the elderly to improve their health and social consequences. The goal is to create a list of emotion keywords or Kansei Words that can be used in robotic learning therapy design. These findings lay the groundwork for future research on elderly Kansei Robotic therapy.
Keywords: Ageing, Elderly, Emotion, Kansei Robotic, Robot Therapy, Human-Robot Interaction, Interaction Design,
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2930
O sentido da crítica para a teoria dos sistemas sociais
Authors: Costa Bernardo Leandro Carvalho , Severo Rocha Leonel
Published: September 2021

o presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o sentido da crítica para a Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais de Luhmann. Com essa proposta, em um primeiro momento, utilizando-se da metodologia sociológico-sistêmica, fazem-se apontamentos acerca da divergência existente entre o pensamento luhmanniano e a linha teórica da Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, enfatizando as diferenças das concepções de Luhmann e Habermas. Em um segundo momento, partindo da problemática da recorrente afirmação de que a sociologia sistêmica não possui aspectos de uma teoria social crítica, tem-se como objetivo demonstrar o papel crítico da teoria luhmanniana. Para tal, demonstra-se a concepção de Luhmann sobre as possibilidades de se fazer uma observação de segunda ordem. Em aportes finais, buscar-se-á verificar a possibilidade de se considerar a existência de uma Sociologia Sistêmica da Crítica.
Representação de mulheres na esfera pública política brasileira
Authors: De Sales Colen Karen , Fernandes Monica Eder , Soares de Oliveira Natália Caroline
Published: September 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar quais os impactos da campanha “Meu voto será feminista” para a representatividade das mulheres na esfera pública política brasileira nas eleições 2018, considerando aspectos como representação, redistribuição e presença de mulheres nos espaços políticos. O desafio à representatividade das mulheres na esfera pública pode ser compreendido a partir da dicotomia público/privado, que as relega ao âmbito doméstico. Nesse sentido, a teoria política feminista utiliza esses termos para questionar o isolamento da mulher na esfera familiar, que por muito tempo impediu a sua participação nas decisões e deliberações ocorridas na esfera pública. Assim, os aspectos metodológicos dizem respeito a análise de dados na internet, com consultas aos sítios eletrônicos da referida campanha, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Além disso, a revisão bibliográfica compreende as discussões que envolvem os conceitos de esfera pública e representação, desenvolvidos por Jürgen Habermas e Nancy Fraser, respectivamente. Por fim, argumenta-se que o desenvolvimento da Campanha para as eleições municipais de 2020 é um caminho para uma maior participação, representação e representatividade das mulheres na esfera pública política brasileira.
Direitos humanos, devido processo legal e a internação compulsória/involuntária de usuários de drogas no Brasil
Authors: Wermuth Maiquel Ângelo Dezordi , Hrynyszyn Menezes Luíza
Published: September 2021

Na sociedade contemporânea, quando é mais valorizada a liberdade de escolha e a de ir e vir, surge uma complexa discussão sobre a forma de combate ao uso desmedido de drogas químicas, qual seja, a internação compulsória e involuntária do usuário. O presente estudo busca analisar a internação compulsória de usuários de drogas e a violação do devido processo legal, apresentando um breve histórico da legislação sobre drogas no Brasil, identificando os avanços e retrocessos da legislação brasileira em relação ao usuário de drogas e relacionando a internação compulsória do usuário de drogas com o devido processo legal. Nesse sentido, o artigo visa a responder à seguinte problemática de pesquisa: em que medida a internação compulsória de usuários de drogas representa uma violação ao princípio constitucional do devido processo legal? O trabalho foi perspectivado a partir do método de pesquisa hipotético-dedutivo, valendo-se de técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O método de procedimento empregado é o monográfico.
constitutional inflation
Authors: Alawaq Abdulhamid
Published: August 2021

"One of the methods that the authority uses to empty the constitutional text of its content and prevent it from achieving its goal is its resort to the two phenomena of “constitutional inflation” in sites that the nation does not need, and “constitutional failure” in sites that are expected from the text to protect public rights and freedoms or prevent an authority from overpowering the rest of the authorities. This is how the authority did in the Syrian constitution of 2012. It resorted to both phenomena together to achieve its goal of using the constitution as a tool and not as a control of the authority’s work. If legislative inflation is clear to legal jurisprudence, constitutional inflation is shrouded in ambiguity, so it resorted to a procedural definition of the research paper and considered every constitutional rule that does not bear the status of binding as a type of inflation. then I applied this definition to the general principles contained in the Syrian constitution in 32 articles, unlike democratic constitutions, which are shortened to articles regulating the general principles of the state. It became clear to me that only five articles are binding and the rest are non-binding guiding articles that are not suitable for reliance on judicial review. I have studied the rule (Islamic jurisprudence is a major source of legislation) in Syria and Egypt, and it has become clear to me that the authority intends to put it into place as a kind of distraction from paying attention to the rest of the constitution’s rules regulating public liberties and powers, even though the constitutional doctrine considers them to be non-binding. The struggle between the components of the people is still going on when drafting any constitution on general principles, most of which do not carry legal value."
The impact of the absence of the constitution of the Kurdistan region on extending the term limits of the legislative and executive authority
Authors: Abdullah Khamosh
Published: August 2021

Legislative and presidential power, and the center of the constitution in all political systems, after presidential elections. This period has been suspended for a long time. However, it is possible for the institutions that can do this, because there is a constitution in their vicinity, for the exemplary assembly that can be done by the institution that can do this easily, by opening the door to extension, what happened . Actually in the region. To do the constitution by the constitution
organizing legislative initiative in kurdistan region
Authors: Rasul Hewa
Published: August 2021

The regulation of the legislative initiative is one of the sensitive and important issues in the field of regulating the relations between the three authorities in the state, especially the legislative and executive authorities, and that is why we find that the majority of countries dealt with it in their constitutions through general constitutional principles, because the constitution determines and regulates the powers of the authorities, in the Kurdistan Region not We have a constitution at the time of writing this research, and that is why the Kurdish legislator was forced to deal with it through the ordinary laws and the internal system of the Parliament of Kurdistan, and this is what made it subject to many changes during the past thirty years. This competence, for example, in light of the abolished internal system of Parliament, the Council of Ministers in the region had the competence of two types of legislative initiative, namely, the submission of draft laws as well as draft legislative decisions. He was left with nothing but the right to present draft laws, and these many changes led to a state of instability in the organization of this jurisdiction Which is an important part of the legislative process, and based on this, we took the initiative to write this research in order to show how to organize it in the light of the developments that took place in this field at the level of different countries and in a way that serves the stability of relations between the authorities in the region.
the presidential and the semi-presidential system
Authors: Mohammed Ameen Peshraw
Published: August 2021

"In this research we dealt with the aspects of the presidential system and the semi-presidential system, and he problematic of the political system in the Kurdistan Region. Mainly The presidential system has stabilized in many important countries, and the semi-presidential concept is a new concept that can be considered a mixture of parliamentary and presidential principles. One of the features of a semi-presidential system is that the elected president is accountable to parliament. The main player is the president who is elected in direct or indirect general elections. And the United States is a model for the presidential system, and France is the most realistic model for implementing the semi-presidential system. The French political system, which lived a long period under the traditional parliamentary system, introduced new adjustments in the power structure by strengthening the powers of the executive authority vis-à-vis Parliament, and expanding the powers of the President of the Republic. In exchange for the government while remaining far from bearing political responsibility, and therefore it can be said that the French system has overcome the elements of the presidential system in terms of objectivity and retains the elements of the parliamentary system in terms of formality, so it deserves to be called the semi-presidential system. Then the political system in the Kurdistan Region is not a complete parliamentary system, and it is not a presidential system in light of the presence of a parliament with powers. Therefore, the semi-presidential system is the most appropriate political system for this region, where disputes are resolved over the authority of both the parliament and the regional president, and a political system is built stable. And that because The presence of a parliamentary majority, which supports a government based on a strategic and stable party coalition, which is one of the current problems in the Kurdistan region. This dilemma can be solved through the semi-presidential system. And in another hand The impartiality of the head of state in the relationship with the government and parliament. The head of state, with some relations with the government, can participate in legislative competencies with Parliament. "
Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law
Authors: Tofiq Hardi
Published: August 2021

Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law
The constitutional and legal framework for the institutionalization of the Kurdistan Regional Parliament
Authors: Hassan Osman
Published: August 2021

"This research is discussing on the institutionalizing case of Kurdistan Region entity and Kurdistan Parliament as the primary power in its parliamentary political system in the state institutionalizing framework. This insight gives us the opportunity that institutionalization case through state forming module, development and dissolving based on the institutionalization theory should be considered. In this situation, we need to fcus on the most powerful political body in the Region which is the. parliament and its institutionalization framework. The research discusses power and its role with duties to achieve the obligations through the constitutional law and its norms with the tools to facilitate and run its duties. Thus, the main obstacles facing the institutionalization of the Parliament will be known, while the parliament is highly considered by civilians and people of Iraqi Kurdistan. "
Electoral system as a motivation to reforming political system- The Iraqi model
Authors: Ahmad Shamall
Published: August 2021

"The flaws and major flaws in the political systems represent one of the main motives that push the political elite towards making fundamental reforms, especially if those reforms have become necessary matters so that: Postponing them or achieving them affects the survival of the system and the political entity. Thus, repair is an internal cumulative process. It is cumulative based on the accumulated experience of the historical experience of the same political elite that decided to carry out reforms, and it is also an internal process because the decision to reform comes from the political elite that run the political process. There is no doubt that one means of political reform is to push the masses towards participation in political life. Changing the electoral system, through electoral laws issued by the legislative establishment, may be the beginning of political reform (or vice versa), taking into account the uncertainty of the political process, especially in societies that suffer from the decline of democratic values, represented by the processes of election from one cycle to another. Based on the foregoing, this paper seeks to analyze the relationship between the Electoral and political system, in particular, tracking and studying the Iraqi experience from the first parliamentary session until the issuance of the Election Law No. (9) for the year (2020). "
Manifestations of legislative shortcomings in the Iraqi constitution
Authors: Kashkool Yamamah
Published: August 2021

"The period of approving the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 was surrounded by a state of political turmoil that usually accompanies any transitional phase that carries many political variables through the transition from a phase of dictatorial rule to a new phase bearing the features of democracy. In its approval, the lack of clarity in the political vision and the weakness of the constitutional legal culture of its authors, as well as the way in which it was approved by a popular referendum, which is voted on by yes or no, and does not allow an opportunity to discuss its articles and articles and diagnose its shortcomings. One of the shortcomings in our constitution is that it does not refer to regulating the resignation of the Prime Minister. This position has a political nature, and an administrative nature, and its occupant has the right to decide not to continue with this position and be satisfied with working in this field for any reason, and this must be in accordance with the context Organized legal, which is known as resignation., and this is what we dealt with in this research. For the purpose of researching this topic, we asked a research question that is... How can we address the legislative shortcomings that surrounded the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 and related to regulating the resignation of the Prime Minister? From this research question, we derived several secondary research questions... 1- What is the limitation of legislative shortcomings? 2- What are the reasons for the legislative deficiencies in the Iraqi constitution? 3- Does the Prime Minister have the right to resign during his tenure? 4- To whom is the resignation submitted? 5- Who is the party that decides whether or not to accept the resignation? 6- What are the procedures that follow the acceptance of the resignation? By discussing these questions, we will try to reach the possibility of developing a legislative text that deals with a complete organization of the resignation of the Prime Minister, especially since the idea of ​​amending the constitution and to this day is still valid and possible, because many political, social and economic conditions in the country have changed from the time of entry into force of this constitution, which makes the idea of ​​the amendment obligatory and necessary"
Criminalization cretirea and its effect in determining the track of criminal legislationion, A study under the contemporary criminalization theories
Authors: Hassan Mohammed
Published: August 2021

in this research we will examine the bases and the aspects of criminalization process .also we will try to come up with principled justification of why it wants to criminalize certain kinds of conduct. in addition we will determine obviously about the best principles or criteria we should apply when deciding whether to criminalize a certain kind of conduct .also we will elaborate the questions concerning when its come to such important matters as which conduct to criminalize . thus we will going to describe the more recent theories in connection with this subject by analayzing and determining the best ways to avoid the the misuse of criminal law . all of these study we will depend on the philosophical dimension of the Iraqi legislator .unfortunately .its clear that there are no methodology in dealing this crucial process by legislator ,due to the Fact that our legislations -especially criminal kinds have been often affected by y political idealism which makes deviation in in the process
"Violation of the principle of equality when drafting the punitive text Legislation issued by the Parliament of the Kurdistan Region as a model"
Authors: Azeez Sardar
Published: August 2021

Observing the principle of equality when drafting punitive texts is one of the basic components of successful legislative drafting . And that equality before the law is closely related to justice, because justice requires the formulation of the rules of the law in a general and abstract manner in a way that all those who address the law enjoy its protection and are subject to accountability. Since there are international charters and treaties that Iraq has joined or ratified, most of them contain explicit texts about the equality of individuals before the law. Therefore, the legislative drafting of punitive texts in a manner that achieves equality is an implementation of the international obligations resulting from ratification or accession to these international conventions and treaties. In addition, laws that are legislated in contravention of the principle of equality are considered unconstitutional laws because they are in violation of the Constitution, and the provisions of ordinary law may not contradict the principles of the Constitution.
"The impact of the regional factor in the democratic transition A comparative study between the experiences of Spain 1975 and Iraq 2003 "
Authors: Raheem Luqman
Published: August 2021

"Abstract The regional factor has always played an important role in the political developments of various countries and political experiences, as this factor constituted the role of the direct incubator for all the successful and failed experiences of political development throughout our time. The process of democratization is considered one of the most important political experiments of our time, which gained wide momentum after the Second World War. Especially after the peoples of the world realized the importance and preference of this system compared to the rest of the political systems. After the end of the Cold War, the world witnessed a remarkable trend towards liberal democracy, exhilarated by the euphoria of the victory of the Western camp led by the United States of America over its eastern historical opponent (led by the Soviet Union). Liberal democracy and its sovereignty over the world, rather they unleashed an unbridled optimism that says: ""The peoples and societies of the world are moving towards adopting the model of liberal democracy, because it is the model most responsive to the aspirations of human freedom and the release of his energies."" "
The role of history in future studies
Authors: Mika Hardi
Published: August 2021

"The role of history in future studies History is one of the fields of human research and has a strong relationship with politics, political studies and future studies. Future studies are considered a new field in effective and developed scientific research and have an essential role in politics since they influence each other. Future research fields are enhanced by taking advantage of other human and scientific research fields or using interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary methods. One of the fields that future researchers cannot disregard is historical research. This research focused on the two different directions: the fields of future research and history, i.e., past events, on the one hand, their future and scenarios on the other. The research seeks to answer some main questions: What is the common ground and relationship between history as a field of human research with future research? What is the function and purpose of both fields? What are their common keywords? Where will history assist the science of future research? The importance of the research is that working on the relationship between history and future science will keep history away from the past. It also makes future studies more realistic in identifying and cooperating with politics, political reform, management, and other aspects of society and choosing a better future among futures ahead of any society and individual. Moreover, historical research and academic centers in Kurdistan have been less likely to apply history as a science to understand the future. The research aims to find common ground and the effective relationships between the two fields of futures and history and link them by analyzing their content, tasks and methods. The research methodology is descriptive-analysis and has benefited from historical and comparative methods to explain the definitions, emergence, and common grounds for both research's variables."
International interventions in non-democratic states between democratic change and achieving interests (Iraq as a case study after 2003)
Authors: Ali Omran
Published: August 2021

This research seeks to critically analyze the international efforts, particularly the United States of America, in transforming authoritarian and non-democratic states into democratic ones, and clarify to what extent the US seeks to achieve real democratic change in non-democratic countries, especially Iraq, and whether their main goal is to achieve stability and their vital interests or democratic change and reform. It argues that although spreading democracy and human rights in the Middle East has become, especially after the end of the Cold War, one of the main goals of the US, but, in reality, the US is not ready to sacrifice its vital interests in the region at the expense of spreading democratic values, as well as reducing its strong security and economic relations with its non-democratic allies, or even applying the required pressure on them. Consequently, this increases doubts about the credibility and seriousness of the US in achieving its goal of spreading democracy in the Middle East in general, and Iraq in particular.
"The Role of National Diversity in Political Reform A Comparative Study between the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the British Northern Ireland Region"
Authors: Kakarash Tareq , Doraid Alnasir
Published: August 2021

"The issue of national diversity is considered one of the most important points in studying the development of political systems in our time. Many scholars and researchers have noticed that there is rarely a people or nation in the world today that does not possess different national or ethnic diversity, some of which succeed in forcibly obliterating them, which leads to its ignition and the division of nations and states. (As happened in the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Eight State, the Empire of Austria-Hungary, etc.) and as it will happen in the future in other repressive countries, no matter how long their repression takes, and some of them succeed in preserving them through assimilation and understanding, as happened in Switzerland and a few other countries. While there are countries that have been striving for decades to arrange their national situations (such as India, Belgium and Spain), with varying degrees of success. The element of national diversity sometimes plays an active role in reforming the political system, and at other times this national diversity hinders the entire political reform. On the basis of the difference and contrast between the two models in terms of the degree of modernity and development, however, a careful examination of the two models confirms that they are not different to this degree. Only years (1998 in Britain and 2003 in Iraq) and the political conflict still exists in the two countries, leading to a final solution to this crisis. ت"
The impact of Political Parties Law no. 36 of 2015 on requlatinq political parties pluralism in Iraq
Authors: Saeed Kurdistan
Published: August 2021

"This study deals with the political parties’ pluralism in Iraq under the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it looks at a topic that is at the heart of democracy and it is necessary for the success of any democratic processes. The study focuses on parties’ pluralism in Iraq since the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1921 until the end of the Baath Party regime in 2003, it also covers the period after 2003 and pays particular attention to the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. It focuses on the legal framework of political parties after the adoption of the Political Parties Law and studies the impact of this law on parties’ pluralism in Iraq after its approval in 2015. The study concludes that Law No. 36 of 2015 is incapable of regulating parties’ pluralism for reasons including: the lack of commitment by the political parties to the provisions of the law, the inability of the Parties Affairs Department to take measures against parties that violate the law the absence of a strong political opposition that enhances the role of political parties, the association of most Iraqi parties with foreign agendas belonging to neighboring countries, and the fact that the majority of Iraqi parties express ethnic or sectarian orientations at the expense of national identity. "
The Role of the External Factor in the Processes of Democratic Transition
Authors: Faraj Anwar , Ali Jalil
Published: August 2021

"The democratic transition is one of the common terms in academic and societal circles, but it is noticeable that there are discussions and differences of opinions about how to transform from a non-democratic system to a democratic one. Among the things that are disputed is the question; Is the priority given to internal factors or external factors in the transfers? Can democracy be imposed if the state is not internally qualified to accept the transition? This research attempts to address the role of the external factor in the processes of democratic transition by standing on the contribution of theoretical literatures presented in the field of political science and international relations on this topic."
Climatic Anomalies and Glacial Dynamics in the Himalayan Region Northern Pakistan: A Spatio-Statistical Approach
Authors: Mukhtar Zarka , Haq Fazlul , Naqvi Syed Ali Asad , Afreen Munazza
Published: September 2021

Glaciers are always climate-sensitive and affected by minor changes in temperature and other climatic elements. Past studies on the northern mountain ranges of Pakistan reveal changes in climatic patterns in and around these ranges. In this study, an attempt is made to explore and assess the temporal and spatial fluctuations occurring in the ice cover of the Himalayan Region of Pakistan as a result of changes in climatic pattern. Satellite imageries and meteorological data were used to explore the dynamics of both the ice cover and climatic elements. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System were used to detect changes in snow cover both spatially and temporally. Various statistical techniques, mainly Mann Kendall Trend Test and Sen’s Slope Estimator, were used to analyze the temporal trend of climatic elements. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis were applied to establish the relationship between climate and ice cover. Analysis of the data reveals that the temporal trend in ice cover is not monotonic as there is glacial advancement in certain years while retreating in others. Moreover, it was found out that climatic elements such as temperature and precipitation have recorded changes during the past few decades.
Accuracy of The Level of Critical Water Catchment Area for Flood Mitigation Around Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyo Bambang , Suhartoyo Hery , Adiprasetyo Teguh , Hindarto Kanang Setyo , Listyaningrum Noviyanti
Published: September 2021

Disaster mitigation activities require the availability of a potentially flooded area (PFA) map. One of the causes of flooding is the criticality of water catchment areas; the higher the criticality level, the higher the flooding potential. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the model for determining the PFA around Bengkulu City, which was derived from the Level of Critical Water Catchment Area (LCWCA) model developed by the Ministry of Forestry. After obtaining the LCWCA Map, another analysis was performed in order to obtain the PFA Map. Furthermore, the overlaying was carried out with the Existing Flood Map in such a way that the level of accuracy is known. The threshold values from Justice are used to justify the level of accuracy in three categories, namely Good (> 85%), Moderate (70 - 85%), and Poor (<70%). The results showed that in the eight sub-watersheds around the city of Bengkulu, there were two sub-watersheds with reasonable accuracy (> 85%), which means that there was > 85% overlap between areas on the Potentially Flooded Area Map as a result of the analysis of The LCWCA with the area on the Existing Flood Map. There are three sub-watersheds with Moderate accuracy (70 - 85%) and three sub-watersheds with Poor accuracy (<70%)
Jasa Ekosistem dalam Perspektif Masyarakat Perkotaan di Sungai Code
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Kurniawan Andri , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie
Published: September 2021

Abstrak.Berbagai perubahan pada ekosistem sungai di perkotaan khususnya Sungai Code penggal Gemawang-Sardjito, mengindikasikan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai jasa ekosistem masih minim. Guna mengetahui kondisi sebenarnya, maka studi ini dilakukan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai antara lain untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik ekosistem dan mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai jasa ekosistem dan komponen sungai. Penelitian menggunakan metode wawancara terstruktur dan observasi lapangan. Analisis deskriptif yang dilengkapi uji statistik dan analisis spasial digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dominasi talud dan permukiman menyebabkan menurunnya peranan ekosistem sungai. Pengetahuan masyarakat terkait komponen sungai minim, namun pengetahuan tentang jasa ekosistem cenderung tinggi. Sebagian besar masyarakat tidak bisa menentukan area sempadan sungai dengan benar. Selain itu, pengetahuan masyarakat terkait jasa ekosistem belum menyeluruh. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan pemahaman sosial masyarakat terkait ekosistem sungai. Abstract.Some changes in urban ecosystem of Code River, particularly in line Gemawang-Sardjito indicated the lack of community understanding to ecosystem services. This study was conducted in order to assess the actual conditions. The objectives of this study are to analyze the ecosystem characteristics and to identify the level of community knowledge regarding to ecosystem services and river components. This study used structured interview and filed observation. Descriptive and spatial analyses combined with statistical test are used in this study. The results showed that settlements and embankment caused the declining of river ecosystem roles. We also found that the community knowledge was high related to ecosystem services, however their knowledge to the river components was minimal. Most of them could not determine the riparian area correctly. Moreover, the community knowledge regarding to ecosystem services had not been thorough yet. Therefore, the improvement of community understanding to the river ecosystem is necessary.
ЛЕТНЯЯ НЕДЕЛЯ ВЫСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Набоких Л. , Попов С.
Published: August 2021

С 15 по 18 июня 2021 года в ЦВК "Экспоцентр" состоялась Российская неделя высоких технологий – 2021 (РНВТ) – крупнейший в отрасли ежегодный выставочно-конгрессный проект, объединивший несколько ведущих выставок, форумов и конференций в сфере телекоммуникаций, ИТ, навигации и телематики. Он включил в себя 33-ю международную выставку информационных и коммуникационных технологий "Связь-2021", специализированную экспозицию "Навитех-2021", форум "Связь-2021: цифровое развитие телеком отрасли", выставку и форум CSTB.Telecom&Media, форум "Российский софт – эффективные решения", XIV Международный навигационный форум, XXV форум Международной академии связи, ряд других отраслевых мероприятий.
МИРОВОЙ ЦИФРОВОЙ РИНГ: КТО ПОБЕДИТ? ЧАСТЬ 4. КОМАНДЫ ВЫСШЕЙ ЛИГИ
Authors: Шульцева В.
Published: August 2021

Сохранить превосходство лидера на высококонкурентном рынке хай-тека Азии в условиях экономического кризиса, пандемии и растущего националпротекционизма – задача архисложная. Гиганты Востока вопреки замедлению традиционных форм технического сотрудничества успешно включают в пакет предложений новые – инновационные – решения, вскрывая пласты неисчерпаемого потенциала ИКТ-индустрии. У каждой компании региона успех – это особый, уникальный национальный азиатский культурный код развития.
В ПРОИЗВОДСТВО КАБЕЛЯ ПРИШЕЛ ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ
Authors: Попов С.
Published: August 2021

Группа компаний Maillefer на юбилейной 10-й Международной выставке оборудования для производства и обработки проволоки и кабеля Wire Russia, состоявшейся в московском "Экспоцентре" 18–20 июня 2021 года, представила свои новые решения и услуги для промышленности по производству кабелей и труб. Значительное внимание было уделено новейшим технологиям изготовления оптических кабелей, а также пластмассовых труб для их прокладки методом задувки.
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ IoT ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СОХРАННОСТИ СКОРОПОРТЯЩИХСЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ И МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Луппов Е. , Портной С. , Зорин М.
Published: August 2021

В статье приведены обзор и сравнительный анализ предлагаемых сегодня на рынке решений промышленного Интернета вещей для организации "холодовой цепи" в пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВЗАИМНЫХ РАССТОЯНИЙ МЕЖДУ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫМИ АППАРАТАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ АЗН-В VDL MODE 4
Authors: Татарчук И. , Шаврин С.
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы обеспечения кибербезопасности систем АЗН-В. Показано, что стандарт АЗН-В VDL mode 4 может обеспечить возможность групповой защиты от постановки в эфир сообщений с координатами несуществующих летательных аппаратов (ЛА) или подмены сообщений от реальных. Предложен алгоритм группового определения ЛА-"фантомов", который опирается за заложенную в данный стандарт возможность измерения времени прихода сигналов оборудованием VDL mode 4.
A Descriptive Study on the Knowledge and Attitude of Female College Students towards Contraception
Authors:   Professor, Vee Care College of Nursing, Chennai E-mail: eswarisingaravel2007@gmail.com, Mobile: +91- 97878 32502, Eswari J. , Paulsamy Premalatha ,   College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia E-mail: pponnuthai@kku.edu.sa. Mobile: +966-563595142. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5117-480X, Qureshi Absar Ahmed ,   Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: aqureshi@kku.edu.sa, Mobile: +966- 534539759. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0577-670, Venkatesan Krishnaraju ,   Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: kvenkatesan@kku.edu.sa. Mobile: 6+966-504839653. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2853-5907, Sethuraj Pranave ,   Software Engineer, Vee Care College of Nursing Chennai, E-mail: spranave98@gmail.com., Mobile: +91 7598354736, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7609-3990
Published: August 2021

Effective contraception plays a vital role in the economic advancement and reproductive health of women. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding contraception of female college students of a university. A descriptive study design was used with 100 female students of different departments including Arts and Science, engineering, nursing etc, who were selected by convenient sampling technique. A self reported tool was used with 3 sections including demographic data, knowledge questionnaire and a 3 point Likert scale to assess the attitude. The overall level of knowledge (8.86 ±3.56) shows that there was inadequate knowledge among the female college students on contraception. The overall percentage of female college students with a positive attitude was only 28.66%. There was no correlation between participants' knowledge of contraception and their attitudes about it. (x2 = 1.17, df = 1, p = 0.28). The study concludes that there is an urgent need to improve the knowledge of the female college students on contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancies as well as maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Female College Students, Contraception, Family Planning
Cadeia de custódia da prova e investigações internas empresariais: possibilidades, exigibilidade e consequências processuais penais de sua violação
Authors: Januário Túlio Felippe Xavier
Published: August 2021

Pretende-se com o presente trabalho, analisar as seguintes questões: seria possível e exigível a observância da cadeia de custódia dos elementos de informação advindos de investigações internas empresariais? Quais seriam as eventuais implicações de sua violação, caso se pretenda apresentar estes elementos em um posterior processo penal? Para responder a essas perguntas, realizaremos, inicialmente, um breve estudo a respeito das origens, formalidades e finalidades das investigações internas, que se encontram intimamente relacionadas aos mecanismos de autorregulação regulada e, em especial, aos programas de compliance. Uma vez se tratando, porém, de diligências promovidas em ambiente privado, sem contraditório judicial e com parcas regulamentações estatais, levanta-se, dentre outros questionamentos, o de como assegurar a rastreabilidade das fontes de prova nestes ambientes. Assim, após um estudo sobre o instituto da cadeia de custódia e de seus fundamentos, buscaremos analisar, a partir de uma metodologia dedutiva, de que forma pode ser assegurada a autenticidade e a integralidade dos documentos advindos das investigações internas e quais seriam os possíveis reflexos processuais penais da “quebra” da cadeia de custódia destas provas.
Achieving Accusation by Means of Forensic Science During the Criminal Proceedings in Romania
Authors: Magherescu Delia
Published: August 2021

Achieving the functions of criminal procedure involves elements of forensic science used to fulfill the overall purpose of criminal proceedings. The function of accusation has a set of particularities and for this reason the approach taken is a key factor in achieving justice in criminal matters both from the judicial authorities and the defendant's perspectives. The legal mechanisms provided by the justice system must ensure equilibrium between accusation, defence and judgment. The current article focuses on the particular features of the function of accusation during the criminal proceedings as well as on the manner of its being exertion by means of forensic science. In the activity of reaching the proposed objectives, an in-depth research methodology has been used consisting of qualitative methods including case study presentations and conclusions obtained through analyzing jurisprudence in case law decisions pronounced by the courts of law in criminal matters. In this context, the forensic science is one that offers entire legal means and mechanisms in order for the judicial bodies to achieve the purpose of criminal proceedings and exercising the function of accusation implicitly.
L’ammissione della prova in appello tra diritto di difesa e parità delle parti
Authors: Agostino Lorenzo
Published: August 2021

Il tema dell’ammissione delle prove in appello rappresenta un tipico terreno di scontro tra l’esigenza di assicurare la ragionevole durata dei processi e la necessità di rispettare, anche in sede di secondo grado, i principi del giusto processo. Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare le insoddisfacenti soluzioni adottate nel corso del tempo dal legislatore italiano al fine di contemperare questi opposti interessi e di evidenziare l’opportunità di un ripensamento del mezzo di impugnazione, ancora strutturato in chiave inquisitoria nonostante l’impostazione tendenzialmente accusatoria del codice di rito.