bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV-Writing of a Superstructure Waveguide Bragg Grating in a Planar Polymer Substrate
Authors: Rosenberger Manuel , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf
Published: August 2017

We report on the fabrication of a superstructure Bragg grating in a planar polymer substrate. Based on a twofold illumination process an integrated waveguide and a superstructure Bragg grating are subsequently written into bulk polymethylmethacrylate by UV-induced refractive index modification. The measured reflected spectrum of the superstructure Bragg grating exhibits multiple reflection peaks and is in good agreement with performed standard simulations based on the beam propagation method and coupled mode theory algorithms. By applying a varying tensile load we determine the strain sensitivity to be about 1.10 pm/µε and demonstrate the applicability of the superstructure Bragg grating for strain measurements with redundant sensing signals.
Applications of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire: A Review
Authors: López-Aragón Laura , López-Liria Remedios , Callejón-Ferre Ángel-Jesús , Gómez-Galán Marta
Published: August 2017

Sustainability seeks to provide economically viable products in an environmentally friendly way while respecting worker rights. Physical wellbeing forms part of these rights. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) diminish productivity, cause absence from work, impose costs on the public health system and can cast doubt on the sustainability of a company or a product. The objective of the present work is to review the literature on the application of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) on a worldwide level. In this work, the use of the NMQ has been classified by categories of knowledge, countries and years. The search was made using “Web of Science-Core Collection”. In total, 259 articles were chosen from scientific journals and conferences related, according to the title and or abstract, to the practical application of the questionnaire. In conclusion, the NMQ has been applied mainly in three sectors: “activities related to treating human health and social issues”, “manufacturing industries”, and “agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry”. The NMQ is an indirect method commonly used individually or complemented with other methods for evaluating the MSD and possible associated psychosocial and labour risks. The use of NMQ can help in the evaluation of the sustainability of a company.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Arthropodium cirratum (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Bulgarella Mariana , Biggs Patrick J. , de Lange Peter J. , Shepherd Lara D.
Published: August 2017

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite markers were developed for Arthropodium cirratum (Asparagaceae) to study population genetic structure and translocation of this species. These markers were tested for cross‐amplification in two other Arthropodium species.

Methods and Results:

Sixteen microsatellite markers were developed from a genomic library and tested in three populations of A. cirratum. The loci exhibited one to five alleles per locus, with private alleles present in each of the populations. Cross‐amplification tests in the two other New Zealand Arthropodium species revealed that many of the loci amplify and demonstrate polymorphism in A. bifurcatum.

Conclusions:

These markers will be useful for determining genetic structure in A. cirratum and for determining the origins of translocated populations of this species.
Modelling and Comparison of Tracking Loops for GPS Signal
Authors: Vu B. N. , Andrle M.
Published: August 2017

Nowadays, Global Positioning System (GPS) applications are widely spread and affect all aspects of our modern lives. They can be found in many different fields, such as aviation, environment, marine, space, surveying, mapping, and military operations. In military, the GPS is employed in missile guidance, vessels and aircraft navigation, location, communication network timing, etc. The GPS receiver is required to be more and more robust to withstand harsh condition, for example losing signal or jamming. This paper demonstrates the implementation and simulation of an advanced tracking technique that is used in modern GPS receivers - a vector tracking loop. Brief related principles of a GPS receiver are introduced. The principle of traditional tracking loop is shown and compared to the vector tracking loop. An extended Kalman filter is employed as a vector tracking algorithm. The extended Kalman filter uses pseudo range rate, which is computed from both the code and the carrier to constrain the receiver velocity. The acquired results are compared and advantages of the vector tracking algorithm against the traditional tracking loop are presented in this paper, including characteristics of the vector tracking loop.
Two new species and two new records of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripinae from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: Zhao Chao , Tong Xiaoli
Published: August 2017

Two new species of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae, Mystrothrips levissp. n. and Urothrips lancangensissp. n., are described from China. Pentagonothrips antennalis Haga & Okajima and Plectrothrips bicolor Okajima are newly recorded in China.
Rendre compte d’un assassinat politique : la mort du maréchal d’Ancre ou l’inversion dans l’ordre des raisons*
Authors: Dubost Jean-François
Published: August 2017

La vulgate suivant laquelle l’assassinat de Concini aurait été un geste libérateur pour la France trouve son origine dans un discours justificatif du meurtre ensuite intégré dans la mémoire historique française. Les versions officielles (du roi, puis du parlement) ou simplement autorisées (des princes) qui ont justifié l’événement, ont, dans leur enchaînement chronologique, produit un ordre explicatif (lèse-majesté, haute-trahison, extranéité) qui aboutit à une interprétation xénophobe, centrale dans les justifications du parlement de Paris, puis des princes exposés dans le placard l’Histoire véritable, attribuable à Jan Ziarnko, instrument remarquablement efficace pour transposer la xénophobie du plan local sur le plan du royaume.
Le 24 avril, acte de naissance de Louis XIII  ?
Authors: Hoarau Fabrice
Published: August 2017

Le meurtre de Concini apparaît comme l’événement inaugural du règne de Louis  XIII . Si l’aventurier italien avait fini par incarner pour beaucoup un ennemi public, son élimination permettait aussi au jeune monarque d’affirmer une autorité royale encore ébranlée par des guerres de religion à peine éteintes ; et fragilisée par des Grands assez puissants pour espérer un partage du pouvoir, ou à tout le moins la reconnaissance d’un droit à intervenir dans les affaires du royaume. Le supplice infligé par des parisiens au cadavre de Concini revêt à cet égard tous les caractères d’une approbation populaire de la décision d’un roi qui renforça ensuite de manière spectaculaire les structures de la monarchie absolue.
Les libelles et la fabrique de l’odieux (1615-1617) : l’imaginaire de la haine publique et le coup d’État de Louis XIII
Authors: Rodier Yann
Published: August 2017

À partir d’un échantillonnage du corpus de la littérature anti-conciniste, publiée entre 1615 et 1617, cet article montre comment les polémistes ont fait du libelle une fabrique de l’odieux en créant une haine publique. Concini devient le bouc-émissaire d’un ressentiment national tourné contre les étrangers. Le coup d’État royal puis le carnaval sanglant du peuple parisien contre le corps du favori honni marquent le passage d’une haine de papier à une haine brutale, d’une xénophobie politique de circonstance à une xénophobie légalisée et juridique. Louis XIII la justifie par son geste puis par les dispositions parlementaires prises contre les étrangers à la fin de la régence.
Lire entre les lignes
Authors: Canova-Green Marie-Claude
Published: August 2017

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les différentes significations que revêtit le personnage de démon du feu dansé par le roi dans le Ballet de la délivrance de Renaud, le 29 janvier 1617, à la veille du coup d’État du 24 avril. Symbole à la fois d’amour et de purification, de colère et de justice punitive, les flammes du costume de Louis  XIII annonçaient moins l’exécution prochaine du maréchal d’Ancre qu’elles ne suggéraient un programme de gouvernement absolutiste et volontariste reposant sur une éthique personnelle de modération.
La gestion des cadres expatriés : le cas de la Régie Renault (1958-1993)
Authors: Gleyze Gilles
Published: August 2017

La Régie Renault se lance, à partir de 1958, dans un important programme d’implantations industrielles hors d’Europe, notamment en Amérique Latine. L’une des principales difficultés qu’elle rencontre alors est de constituer un vivier de cadres et ingénieurs de haut niveau capables de créer et d’animer les nouvelles unités à l’étranger. Renault y parvient en quelques années, en recrutant parmi son personnel de France des cadres ambitieux, désireux de relancer leur carrière et d’accéder plus vite qu’il ne leur est possible en France à des postes de responsabilités. Cette solution permet à Renault de diriger et développer les nombreuses filiales de production et de vente qu’elle crée en Amérique Latine entre 1958 et le début des années 1970. Néanmoins, elle montre rapidement ses limites. En effet, l’absence de planification des carrières à l’étranger réduit le nombre des candidats au départ et favorise la constitution progressive d’un corps d’expatriés professionnels, qui perdent le contact avec la maison- mère, et qu’il est très difficile de réintégrer à la fin du séjour d’expatriation. C’est pourquoi, depuis le début des années 1980, la Régie Renault s’efforce de proposer aux cadres et ingénieurs un nouveau type d’expatriation, visant non plus comme autrefois à risquer une aventure pour tenter une promotion extraordinaire, mais à effectuer de courts séjours outre-mer pour leur permettre de se former à la gestion en environnement difficile, enrichir leur C.V. professionnel et augmenter leurs chances de carrière réussie en France. En s’efforçant aujourd’hui d’imposer l’expatriation comme une étape normale dans une carrière, Renault fait un apprentissage qui doit l’amener à maîtriser l’une des sources de la compétitivité : une gestion rigoureuse des Ressources Humaines au niveau international.
De la distribution au marketing (1880-1939), une réponse à l’évolution du marché
Authors: Meuleau Marc
Published: August 2017

En accédant à la production de masse, les entreprises françaises ne peuvent plus écouler les volumes produits sans une politique commerciale. La création de réseaux de distribution intégrés à l’entreprise qui commence à la fin du XIX e siècle pour les grandes entreprises se retrouve également dans les entreprises moyennes avec l’essor des années 1900-1930. Toutefois, la création de réseaux de vente, jointe au développement des campagnes de publicité, n’est souvent considérée que comme un mal nécessaire, le prix à payer pour poursuivre l’objectif essentiel qui demeure produire plus ou moins cher. La grande dépression marque une rupture. Le resserrement des ventes aiguise la concurrence et oblige à rechercher des marchés nouveaux. La solution inventée par un ensemble d’entreprises novatrices est une nouvelle conception de la fonction commerciale qui pose les bases de ce qui deviendra le marketing dans les années 1950 : partir du marché, produire en fonction des ventes escomptées et, pour ce faire, consacrer des moyens conséquents pour connaître les attentes des consommateurs. L’analyse des pratiques de plus d’une centaine d’entreprises françaises dans les années 1930 souligne l’effort considérable d’innovation dont l’industrie est alors le théâtre principal, effort qui prépare l’essor et la modernisation de l’économie française après 1945 dans un contexte de concurrence internationale sans précédent.
Tendances et inégalités de mortalité de 1990 à 2015 dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire
Authors: Tabutin Dominique , Masquelier Bruno
Published: August 2017

Entre 1990 et 2015, la plupart des pays en développement ont connu des progrès notables de leur espérance de vie, mais d’ampleur très diverse. Cet article fait le point sur l’évolution de la mortalité des enfants (à moins de 5 ans) et de la mortalité adulte (de 15 à 60 ans) dans les 109 pays à bas et moyen revenu de plus d’un million d’habitants. Il met l’accent sur l’évolution des disparités géographiques et de sexe entre pays, et sur les inégalités internes (instruction, niveaux de vie, milieux d’habitat) dans dix pays retenus aux caractéristiques très différentes sur les plans socioéconomique, politique et démographique (Afghanistan, Afrique du Sud, Bolivie, Brésil, Burkina Faso, Chine, Égypte, Inde, Indonésie, Nigeria). Il revisite également la question de la transition épidémiologique et examine plus particulièrement la mortalité par sida et la mortalité maternelle. Les progrès ont bénéficié principalement aux enfants, et souvent (mais pas toujours) aux femmes et aux pays et groupes sociaux les plus défavorisés. Parler de convergence vers une faible mortalité paraît néanmoins prématuré, car en dépit des progrès réalisés, les inégalités entre pays et internes aux pays demeurent conséquentes, et méritent une attention particulière tant des acteurs de la santé publique que des chercheurs.
Implementing a Workplace Violence Simulation for Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Martinez Angel Johann Solorzano
Published: August 2017

Workplace violence (WPV) is an undesired phenomenon affecting nurses and nursing students. Nursing simulations allow students to learn and practice skills in a controlled setting. The development of the pilot study, “Mental Health Nursing Simulation on Workplace Violence,” is presented. A simulated scenario using a standardized patient (SP) behaving as an agitated psychiatric patient was developed for undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric nursing course. The simulation aimed to enhance students' knowledge about WPV, increase their confidence and ability to recognize signs of aggression, practice evidence-based interventions to de-escalate agitated patients, and evaluate the simulation. Surveys and the Mental Health Nursing Clinical Confidence Scale were used to measure the aims yielding qualitative and quantitative data. An increase in students' confidence and knowledge was obtained post-simulation. Students rated the simulation as useful. The use of a SP created an experiential learning environment for participants. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(10), 39–44.]
The Politics of Water in South Asia
Authors: Hill Douglas
Published: August 2017

Disputes over water are central to the political economy of development in South Asia. This paper looks at the way that the allocation of water is mediated by different kinds of state-society relations in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan by examining common property resource management issues from three different spatial scales: international, intra-national and intra-community. By doing so, we can begin to appreciate the complexity of problems in the management of water and the likely trends throughout the region. We do this by examining the contestations over rivers, canals, dams and groundwater. The role of agricultural change in contributing to the intensification of water usage in the rural areas is emphasised. Despite some diversification into non-agricultural activities in the rural areas and limited industrialisation in the urban areas, 70-80 percent of the region’s fresh water is utilised for agriculture at the present juncture.
Mock Justice: World Conservation and Australian Aborigines in Interwar Switzerland
Authors: Paisley Fiona
Published: August 2017

forthcoming
Lepcha Narratives of their Threatened Sacred Landscapes
Authors: Little Kerry
Published: August 2017

forthcoming
Some Notes on the Musical Landscape
Authors: Van Leeuwen Theo
Published: August 2017

Some Notes on the Musical Landscape
Comment on Growth responses of trees and understory plants to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical forest in China by Tian et al. (2017)
Authors: Mori Taiki
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Negative effects of over-fertilization have been long reported in agricultural field, which is known as fertilizer burn. A recent paper by Tian et al. (2017) reported a result of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition experiment and demonstrated that application of NH4NO3 solution significantly reduced small trees, understory saplings, shrubs, seedlings, and ferns, while large trees were not affected by the application. They discussed that the result was due to the reduced light availability and intensified N saturation. I challenge this view, because it is more likely that the negative effects were caused by the monthly application of NH4NO3 solution with high concentration (as high as 0.4 M and 0.8 M). Since experiments using liquid NH4NO3 are common, careful interpretations are also required for other experiments.
Remote land use impacts on river flows through atmospheric teleconnections
Authors: Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Fetzer Ingo , Keys Patrick W. , van der Ent Ruud J. , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Gordon Line J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The effects of land-use change on river flows have usually been explained by changes within a river basin. However, land-atmosphere feedback such as moisture recycling can link local land-use change to modifications of remote precipitation, with further knock-on effects on distant river flows. Here, we look at river flow changes caused by both land-use change and water use within the basin, as well as modifications of imported and exported atmospheric moisture. We show that in some of the world's largest basins, precipitation was influenced stronger by land-use change occurring outside than inside the basin. Moreover, river flows in several non-transboundary basins was considerably regulated by land-use changes in foreign countries. We conclude that regional patterns of land-use change and moisture recycling are important to consider in explaining runoff change, integrating land and water management, and informing water governance.
Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Herat, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saeed Khwaja Mir Islam
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Diabetes is reaching epidemic levels in Afghanistan. This study identifies the risk factors associated with diabetes in Herat City, Afghanistan, and explores the prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage cluster sampling by adopting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). We enrolled 1129 participants aged 25-70 years between May and June of 2015 (47.4% males, 52.6% females). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Investigators collected anthropometric measurements and blood samples from study participants. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes prevalence.Results: We found that the prevalence of diabetes in Herat City was 9.9% (9.8% in males and 10.1% in females). Of the 1129 respondents, only 3.3% were previously diagnosed with diabetes or were under treatment, whereas 6.6% of respondents were previously undiagnosed. The multivariable analyses showed that age, frequency of rice consumption, type of cooking oil, and systolic blood pressure were associated with diabetes. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to discuss the high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Herat, Afghanistan. This study found several modifiable factors that were associated with diabetes in Herat, Afghanistan. Future reduction of disease burden should focus on these factors in the development of the most optimal diabetes prevention programs.
Aorto-esophageal fistula associated with vascular ring: Double the arch trouble
Authors: Boston Umar S. , Fischer Peter E. , Sathanandam Shyam K. , Knott-Craig Christopher J.
Published: August 2017

Aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare form of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that is associated with high mortality if not surgically addressed. It is most commonly associated with descending thoracic aneurysms and foreign body ingestion. We report a case of surgical treatment of AEF associated with double aortic arch vascular ring.
Management of Lower Extremity Long-bone Fractures in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Schulte Leah M. , Scully Ryan D. , Kappa Jason E.
Published: August 2017

The AO classification system, used as a guide for modern fracture care and fixation, follows a basic philosophy of care that emphasizes early mobility and return to function. Lower extremity long-bone fractures in patients with spinal cord injury often are pathologic injuries that present unique challenges, to which the AO principles may not be entirely applicable. Optimal treatment achieves healing without affecting the functional level of the patient. These injuries often result from low-energy mechanisms in nonambulatory patients with osteopenic bone and a thin, insensate soft-tissue envelope. The complication rate can be high, and the outcomes can be catastrophic without proper care. Satisfactory results can be obtained through various methods of immobilization. Less frequently, internal fixation is applied. In certain cases, after discussion with the patient, amputation may be suitable. Prevention strategies aim to minimize bone loss and muscle atrophy.
Revealed Comparative Advantage Analysis for Kuwait India Trade
Authors: Shriaan Anwar Al , Hassan Munir
Published: August 2017

The main objective of the paper is to analyze Kuwait-India Trade in recent years. The paper is discussed in four sections. In the first section, the profile of Kuwait is given followed by the profile of India. The third section is devoted to a review of Literature on this topic. The fourth and fifth sections deal with Kuwait-India Trade Analysis and Revealed Comparative Advantage estimates respectively.
The Determinants of Repeat Purchase Intention for Luxury Brands among Generation Y Consumers in Malaysia
Authors: Hussain Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Repeat purchasing has now become a critical factor for marketers, especially in the luxury goods market. Repeat purchasing not only saves costs (as opposed to attracting new customers), but increases sales as well. Both past and current researchers have been keen in investigating what drives consumers to repeat their purchase. The purpose of this academic research is to examine the relationship between Hedonic Value (HV), Satisfaction (S), Consumer Inertia (CI) and Product Attribute (PA) with the Repeat Purchase Intention (RPI) for luxury brands among Generation Y consumers in Malaysia. As such, eight luxury brands have been selected to investigate the consumer behaviour of consumers in Malaysia, in relation to the repeat purchase intention. This is a quantitative study that collected data from 134 respondents. Findings reveal that Hedonic Value and Satisfaction have positive and significant correlation with Repeat Purchase Intention, with Satisfaction being the strongest predictor of Repeat Purchase Intention. The findings can be used by marketers in Malaysia to aid them in creating marketing strategies to maintain their current customer base, as well as attract new customers to purchase their luxury brands within their target market. This study can also motivate current researchers to further investigate in the field of luxury brands, in an attempt to bridge the gap between luxury brands and Repeat Purchase Intention.
Israeli – Mauritanian Relations from 1999 to 2008
Authors: Khadra Mohamed M. Ali Abu , Mustafa Mohamed Mohamed Husein
Published: August 2017

The closer ties and relations between Mauritania and Israel had an effective impact on the Arab region, as the mutual interests between the two parties led to the creation of a sort of anxiety and turmoil in the relationship of Mauritania with the Arab countries, linked to them by the neighboring factor in addition to the history, culture, language and religion factors, where the Mauritanian-Israeli relations influence in several Arab and Islamic trends and to reach its maximum impact with respect to the Mauritanian relations for the war in Yemen, Iraq and the war in Syria and the Palestinian issue and the war on terrorism.
Sustainable Development of Green Paper Packaging
Authors: Huang Jiapeng
Published: August 2017

In recent years, with the rapid development of global industrialization, people’s quality of life has improved, and people are no longer satisfied with the quality of goods and purposes, the majority of people even choose goods based on the packaging of goods which cause the situation of excessive packaging become serious. As an important part of manufacturing, packaging industry should emphasize the development of environmentally friendly packaging. Recognized as one of the most promising green packaging materials, paper packaging materials accounted for more than 40% of packaging materials, however, unsuitable production and recycling of paper packaging pose a threat to the environment and the social economy. For the sustainable development of the paper packaging industry, this essay put forward the concept of "green paper packaging" through literature research. This essay will introduce the proper production and recycling of green paper packaging materials, discuss the structural design of green paper packaging, and looking forward to the development direction of green paper packaging, and come to the conclusion that not only need we use new materials and environmental friendly packaging structures, but also we should attach importance to the production and the recycling of the packaging so as to make sure the entire life cycle of packaging does not harm the human body and the environment.
Fast-Hardening Foam: Fire and Explosion Prevention at Facilities with Hazardous Chemicals
Authors: Kuprin Gennady N. , Kuprin Denis S.
Published: August 2017

Analysis of the terroristic attacks in Siria, Afghanistan and other countries has shown high probability of the hazardous chemicals application by the terroristic groups. In the article the most catastrophic accidents which were connected with hazardous chemicals are described.That is why research and developments in the sphere of protection from hazardous chemicals are still actual.This article is dedicated to the new screening method of the spilled hazardous chemicals surface on the example of protection of the factories with these substances. Methodology, experimental apparatus, protective fast-hardening foam features, names of hazardous chemicals are shown.Test were made for such chemicals as: acetic acid, acetone, ammonia, bromine, chlorbenzene, chloroform, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, hexane, hydrazine, diesel fuel, dichlorethane, kerosene, toluene, phenol, hydrogen fluoride. Fantastic results were achieved in terms of isolating capability of the fast-hardening foam against evaporations of the pointed substances.
Effect of Varying Levels of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Niaz Ahmed Wahocho  , Aftab Ahmed Maitlo  , Qadir Bux Baloch  , Arshad Ali Kaleri  , Lubna Bashir Rajput  , Naheed Akhtar Talpur  , Zeeshan Ahmed Sheikh  , Fida Hussain Mengal  , Safdar Ali Wahocho
Published: August 2017

Nitrogen (N) fertilization at higher rates enhances the yield of crop plants; however, overuse of N in cultivation of crop not only decreased Nitrogen Use Efficiency of crop plants but caused severe environmental pollution. Hence, the optimum use of N is perquisite for sustainable development of Agriculture. This study was carried out during 2016, to evaluate the effect of various nitrogen applications on the economic performance of muskmelon. This research work was laid out at experimental site of Horticulture orchard SAU Tandojam with three replications in RCBD. The growth and yield performance of muskmelon was assessed by using six nitrogen (N) levels viz; 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1. Two varieties including Chandny and golden tumbro were used in the current study.The result showed that effect of different nitrogen doses on the economic important parameters of muskmelon was significant (P
Aneuploidy as a cause of impaired chromatin silencing and mating-type specification in budding yeast
Authors: Mulla Wahid A , Seidel Chris W , Zhu Jin , Tsai Hung-Ji , Smith Sarah E , Singh Pushpendra , Bradford William D , McCroskey Scott , Nelliat Anjali R , Conkright Juliana , Peak Allison , Malanowski Kathryn E , Perera Anoja G , Li Rong
Published: August 2017

Aneuploidy and epigenetic alterations have long been associated with carcinogenesis, but it was unknown whether aneuploidy could disrupt the epigenetic states required for cellular differentiation. In this study, we found that ~3% of random aneuploid karyotypes in yeast disrupt the stable inheritance of silenced chromatin during cell proliferation. Karyotype analysis revealed that this phenotype was significantly correlated with gains of chromosomes III and X. Chromosome X disomy alone was sufficient to disrupt chromatin silencing and yeast mating-type identity as indicated by a lack of growth response to pheromone. The silencing defect was not limited to cryptic mating type loci and was associated with broad changes in histone modifications and chromatin localization of Sir2 histone deacetylase. The chromatin-silencing defect of disome X can be partially recapitulated by an extra copy of several genes on chromosome X. These results suggest that aneuploidy can directly cause epigenetic instability and disrupt cellular differentiation.
Gene expression profiling and functional analysis reveals that p53 pathway-related gene expression is highly activated in cancer cells treated by cold atmospheric plasma-activated medium
Authors: Shi Lei , Yu Lihua , Zou Fagui , Hu Huimin , Liu Kun , Lin Zhenghong
Published: August 2017

Background

Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has been considered a promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment. Traditionally, CAP was employed to kill cancer cells or tumor tissues by direct irradiation. However, CAP has some disadvantages such as infiltration capacity and storage convenience. Recently, plasma-activated medium (PAM) was used as an alternative strategy to treat cancer cells or tumors. The novel PAM approach has potential as an anti-cancer therapy.

Objective

To reveal the global activation of signaling pathways in oral cancer cells induced by PAM.

Methods

Oral squamous cell line SCC15 were treated by PAM and gene expression profiles were evaluated by using RNA-seq. Functional analyses were employed to reveal the global responses of SCC15 cells with PAM stimulation. QRT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to validate the expression levels of selected genes.

Results

More than 6G clean data per sample were obtained in PAM-treated SCC15 cells. A total of 934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and GO analysis implicated the deep involvement of biological process. KEGG mapping further clustered 40 pathways, revealing that “p53 pathway” was significantly enriched. SCC15 cells were commonly used as a p53-null cell line. Therefore, the enriched p53 pathway-related genes in our analysis might be activated by other stimulators, in a p53-independent manner. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also performed to evaluate changes at the gene-sets level. The results demonstrated not only the high engagement of “p53 pathway” but also the involvement of novel pathways such as hypoxia pathway.

Conclusions

The present study elucidates the transcriptomic changes of PAM treated SCC15 cells, containing highly enriched DEGs involved in “p53 pathway”. Our analysis in this work not only provides genomic resources for future studies but also gives novel insights to uncover the molecular mechanism of PAM stimulation.
Effect of temperature and extraction time on the process to obtain sodium alginate from Macrocystis pyrifera
Authors: Arvizu-Higuera DL , Hernández-Carmona G , Rodríguez-Montesinos YE
Published: August 2017

The alkaline extraction step of the process to obtain sodium alginate from Macrocystu pyrifera was investigated. We compared cold (28°C) and hot (80°C) treatments to determine the effect of extraction temperature on the yield and viscosity of the final product, using samples collected in Bahia Tortugas, Baja California Sur (Mexico), in the summer of 1994. At 80°C we obtained a yield of 19.10% and a viscosity of 398 cps: at 28ºC the yield was 15.53% and the viscosity was 466 cps. We conclude that hot extraction is more favourable, because the yield is statistically greater and the viscosity is the same. The effect of extraction time was also investigated in the hot process, using samples collected in Bahia Tortugas in the fall of 1990, to determine the minimum extraction time in which we can obtain high yield and quality of the final product. We tested times from 90 to 165 minutes at 80°C. In the temperature range tested, no significant difference was found between the yields or the viscosity. We conclude that the minimum extraction time is 90 minutes; however, to reach the final reaction point, the time must be extended to 120 minutes.
Artificial neural networks to forecast biomass of Pacific sardine and its environment
Authors: Cisneros-Mata MA , Brey T , Jarre-Teichmann A , García-Franco W , Montemayor-López G
Published: August 2017

We tested the forecasting performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) using several time series of environmental and biotic data pertaining to the California Current (CC) neritic ecosystem. ANNs performed well predicting CC monthly 10-m depth temperature up to nine years in advance, using temperature recorded at Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier. Annual spawning biomass of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) was forecasted reasonably well one year in advance using time series of water temperature, wind speed cubed, egg and larval abundance, commercial catch, and spawning biomass of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardine as predictors, We discuss our results and focus on the philosophy and potential problems faced during ANN modelling.
On the structure of a deep scattering layer on the coastal shelf off bahía magdalena, baja california, mexico
Authors: Robinson C.J. , Gómez J. , Arenas V.
Published: August 2017

Se describe la composición específica y estructura de una capa de dispersión profunda encontrada en el suroeste de la península de Baja California, México. Los muestreos se realizaron mediante arrastres con red Isaacs-Kidd, red Bongo y registros hidroacústicos. Los resultados demuestran la dominancia de tres especies: un eufáusido, Euphausia eximia Hansen 1911; un decápodo de la familia Galatheidae. Pleuroncodes planipes (Stimpson. 1860); y un pez de la familia Photichthyidae, Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899). Los ecos acústicos de la capa de dispersión profunda fueron separados de acuerdo con la fuerza de blanco usando una ecosonda SIMRAD EY-200, con una frecucncia de 200 kHz. y un programa denominado Hydro Acoustic Data Acquisition System (HADAS). Los eufáudidos fueron asociados con un intervalo de fuerza de blancos entre -56 y -62 dB, las langostillas entre -51 y -55 dB,.y los peces entre -32 y -50 dB. Los resultados indican que los organismos presentaron una distribución no azarosa dentro de Ia capa de dispersión profunda, esto es,.tuvieron una estructura interna tanto en sentido horizontal como vertical.

The structure of an intense deep scattering layer off the southwest coast of Baja California, Mexico, is described using Isaacs-Kidd net trawl samples, Bongo samples and hydroacoustic records. Results demonstrate the dominance of three organisms: an euphausiid, Euphausia eximia Hansen 1911; a decapad of the family Galatheidae, Pleuroncodes planipes (Stimpson, 1860); and a fish of the family Photichthyidae, Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899). Using a SIMRAD EY-200 echosounder, with a working frequency of 200 kHz, and a Hydro Acoustic Data Acquisition System (HADAS), echoes were separated according to their target strength. Euphausiids were associated with the -56 to -62 dB target strength group, the red crabs with the -51 to -55 dB group, and fishes with the -32 to -50 dB group. Results indicate that organisms within the layer were not randomly distributed, but that they have an internal] structure both in a horizontal and vertical dimension.
Estimate of surface PCO2, in the Gulf of California from underway pH measurements and satellite imagery
Authors: Zirino A. , Hernandez-Ayon M. , A.Fuhrmanr R.A. , Alvarez-Borrego S. , Gaxiola-Castro G. , Lara-Lara J.R. , Bernstein R.L.
Published: August 2017

The feasibility of estimating the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) from underway measurements of sea-surface temperature, pH, salinity and specific alkalinity was tested in the Gulf of California; PCO2 was also estimated from satellite-obtained sea-surface temperature (SST) by applying the pH-temperature relationship of the underway data to the imagery. The pH and PCO2 values were correlated with the major thermal features of the area studied. At the southern, warmer end of the gulf, estimated PCO2 values are approximately 30 to 40 µatm above an expected surface equilibrium value of ca. 356 µatm. Maximum PCO2 values of about 550 µatm were found in the region of the midriff islands. For the 700-km transect, positive correlations were found between pH, in situ measured temperature (IST) and SST. For the warm zone, there was also a negative correlation between satellite-derived pigment (IogP) and pH and temperature. LogP did not correlate with the other variables in the cold zone. The feasibility of using “ships of opportunity” to monitor pH and surface temperature as part of a world-wide PCO2 monitoring program is discussed.

La viabilidad de estimar la presión parcial del bióxido de carbono (PCO;) utilizando mediciones superficiales de pH, temperatura, salinidad y alcalinidad específica se probó en el Golfo de California. El PCO2 también fue calculado utilizando la temperatura superficial del agua de mar obtenida de imágenes de satélite (SST), aplicándoles la relación pH-temperatura de las mediciones continuas, Los valores de pH y PCO2 se correlacionaron con las principales características termales del área estudiada. Los valores estimados de PCO2 para la parte sur, más tibia, del golfo estuvieron aproximadamente entre 30 y 40 µatm más altos que lo esperado en aguas superficiales en equilibrio (cn. 356 µatm). Se encontraron valores máximos de PCO, en la región entre las grandes islas. Para los 700 km de recorrido. se encontró una correlación positiva entre el pH y la temperatura medida in situ y la SST. Para la zona sur, hubo una correlación negativa entre el logaritmo de la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos de satélite (IogP) y el pH y la temperatura. El IogP no se correlacionó con las demás variables en la zona fría. Se discute la viabilidad de usar “barcos de oportunidad” para medir la temperatura y el pH como parte de programas de monitoreo del PCO2 a gran escala.
Translating AI for the Clinician
Authors: Patel Manesh R. , Balu Suresh , Pencina Michael J.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint explores how artificial intelligence technologies can adopt a clinical practice framework to identify use cases and outline the technology’s objectives and potential uses in modern health care.
Unraveling the metastasis‐preventing effect of miR‐200c in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Köhler Bianca , Brieger Emily , Brandstätter Tom , Hörterer Elisa , Wilk Ulrich , Pöhmerer Jana , Jötten Anna , Paulitschke Philipp , Broedersz Chase P. , Zahler Stefan , Rädler Joachim O. , Wagner Ernst , Roidl Andreas
Published: October 2024

Advanced breast cancer, as well as ineffective treatments leading to surviving cancer cells, can result in the dissemination of these malignant cells from the primary tumor to distant organs. Recent research has shown that microRNA 200c (miR‐200c) can hamper certain steps of the invasion–metastasis cascade. However, it is still unclear whether miR‐200c expression alone is sufficient to prevent breast cancer cells from metastasis formation. Hence, we performed a xenograft mouse experiment with inducible miR‐200c expression in MDA‐MB 231 cells. The ex vivo analysis of metastatic sites in a multitude of organs, including lung, liver, brain, and spleen, revealed a dramatically reduced metastatic burden in mice with miR‐200c‐expressing tumors. A fundamental prerequisite for metastasis formation is the motility of cancer cells and, therefore, their migration. Consequently, we analyzed the effect of miR‐200c on collective‐ and single‐cell migration in vitro, utilizing MDA‐MB 231 and MCF7 cell systems with genetically modified miR‐200c expression. Analysis of collective‐cell migration revealed confluence‐dependent motility of cells with altered miR‐200c expression. Additionally, scratch assays showed an enhanced predisposition of miR‐200c‐negative cells to leave cell clusters. The in‐between stage of collective‐ and single‐cell migration was validated using transwell assays, which showed reduced migration of miR‐200c‐positive cells. Finally, to measure migration at the single‐cell level, a novel assay on dumbbell‐shaped micropatterns was performed, which revealed that miR‐200c critically determines confined cell motility. All of these results demonstrate that sole expression of miR‐200c impedes metastasis formation in vivo and migration in vitro and highlights miR‐200c as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer.
Perspectives on program duration and research: A survey of graduates of a 3‐year medical physics residency program
Authors: Hurwitz Martina , Gierga David P. , Winey Brian , Zygmanski Piotr , Kiger W. S. , Lyatskaya Yulia
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The goal of this manuscript is to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of a 3‐year medical physics residency program with the first year dedicated to research and the remaining 2 years dedicated to clinical training.

Methods

An anonymous survey was distributed to graduates of a 3‐year medical physics residency program with a dedicated year of research. Questions focused on several categories: (1) in retrospect, factors graduates considered at the time of application, (2) aspects of respondents’ career and life after graduating from residency, (3) respondents’ opinions on the residency duration, and (4) research productivity during residency.

Results

Of 22 graduates who were contacted, 17 filled out the survey. In retrospect, the most impactful consideration at the time of application was quality of clinical training. Extra time for research was reported as the factor with the most positive career impact and financial considerations as the most negative impact of completing a 3‐year residency. Preference for a 3‐year residency at the time of application and in retrospect was expressed by 47% and 88% of respondents, respectively. 71% of respondents would recommend applying to a 3‐year program to current residency candidates, and 29% respondents said their recommendation on entering a 3‐year program would depend on the candidate's interests. 76% of respondents preferred dedicated time for research during residency.

Conclusions

The optimal duration of medical physics residency depends on the goals and career objectives of the incoming residents. Two years may be an optimal duration for clinical training. For candidates interested in a career with a substantial research component, a 3‐year program may be a good option, and graduates express favorable opinions after completing such a program. A 4‐year residency duration is not viewed favorably by the graduates.
Tailoring Perovskite/C60 Interface by Reactive Passivators for Stable Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Pei Fengtao , Wang Qianqian , Wei Zejun , Zhuang Xinmeng , Cheng Xianghan , Li Kailin , Cui Yuanyuan , Wang Lan , Huang Zijian , Zhang Zhongyang , Xu Tailai , Zhang Ying , Cheng Teng , Tang Jiahong , Liu Guilin , Zhu Cheng , Huo Yuxuan , Li Siqi , Wu Cuigu , Wang Xueyun , Zhou Huanping , Chen Yihua , Chen Qi
Published: October 2024

Integrating perovskite solar cells with crystalline silicon bottom cells in a monolithic two‐terminal tandem configuration enables power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing the theoretical limits of single‐junction cells. However, wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite films face challenges related to phase stability and open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit, particularly due to severe non‐radiative recombination at the perovskite/C60 interface. Here, the interfacial defects are passivated by incorporating a reactive passivator that reacts with lead halides to form low‐dimensional phases. The target product obtained by optimizing the reaction temperature not only suppresses recombination across the interface, but also facilitates the transfer of charge carriers. More importantly, this product can suppress phase segregation of WBG perovskite films under exposure to light illumination and moisture. This strategy enables a high VOC of 1.25 V for WBG perovskite device based on polymer hole transport layer and a certified stabilized PCE of 30.52% for a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell. The unencapsulated tandem device retains 94% of its initial PCE over 200 h under continuous 1‐sun full spectrum illumination in air, demonstrating the improved phase stability.
Dextran Sulfate Sodium as Multifunctional Aqueous Binder Stabilizes Spinel LiMn2O4 for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhong Shiqiang , Huang Yongcong , Zhang Fangchang , Wang Hongzhi , Liu Peiwen , Liu Jingwei , Li Zhiqiang , Li Yingzhi , Lu Zhouguang
Published: October 2024

Spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) has several beneficial properties for utilization as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries, including a high operating voltage, thermal stability, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. However, its application is limited by capacity fading due to structural transformation and manganese dissolution upon cycling. A method is proposed to resolve these two issues, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as an aqueous binder to coat the LMO surface. DSS stabilizes the surface/interface structure of LMO by incorporating Na into the interstitial 16c sites, creating a uniform surface coating layer and promoting the formation of a homogeneous and stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase derived from the sulfate groups in DSS and enriched with LiF/LiSOxF. The aqueous DSS binder effectively suppresses the surface degradation and Mn dissolution of spinel LMO. The LMO electrode based on DSS exhibits superior cycling stability and rate performance compared with those of electrodes using the conventional poly(vinylidene difluoride) binder. These findings demonstrate the potential value of DSS as a multifunctional aqueous binder in stabilizing spinel LMO for lithium‐ion batteries.
Fully Printed and Sweat‐Activated Micro‐Batteries with Lattice‐Match Zn/MoS2 Anode for Long‐Duration Wearables
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Hu Linyu , Zhou Kemeng , Zhang Linqing , Zeng Xiaolong , Shi Yuqing , Cai Weizheng , Wu Jiazhen , Lin Yuanjing
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with superior operational safety have great promise to serve as wearable energy storage devices. However, the poor cycling stability and low output voltage limited their practical applications. Here, fully printable Zn/MoS2‐MnO2 micro‐batteries are developed and demonstrated significantly enhanced cycling stability with sweat activation. 2D MoS2 is utilized to enable lattice‐matching with Zn powders to realize printed Zn anodes with desirable stability and promote electron/ion transfer. Interestingly, the mild acid epidermal sweat also contributed to eliminating the MnO2 cathode by‐products and compensating for the hydrogel electrolytes' water loss. The Zn/MoS2‐MnO2 micro‐batteries achieve a high specific capacity of 318.9 µAh cm−2 at the current density of 0.16 mA cm−2, and an energy density of 424.6 µWh cm−2, with remarkable cycle stability of ≈90% after 250 cycles. In‐battery electrochromic display of capacity level and feasible electronics charging are demonstrated. The as‐printed micro‐batteries with innovative sweat activation would inspire the advances of sustainable power supply for wearables.