bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Clinical Frailty Scale among Intensive Care Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Marshall Pamela , Hashmi Madiha
Published: December 2024

Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is an easy way to measure, all elderly ICU patients on a regular basis, especially when advanced care plans are involved. It ought to be applied when making decisions for family members and nurses as well. Objective: To determine the knowledge of the clinical frailty scale among intensive care nurses at Tertiary Care Hospital. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi from 1st January to 15th March 2024. Data were collected by a valid and reliable tool through the convenience sampling technique from ICU nurses having minimum of three months of experience, was included. Other nurses who were on leave during data collection and nursing students were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 65 respondents participated in the study, majority 39 (60%) of them were from the age group 25 to 35 years. More than half 36 (55.4%) had a B.S. nursing qualification. Most of the respondents had ≤ 5 years of total clinical experience in 55 (84.6%), and ICU experience in 62 (95.4%). Out of total participants, 60 (92%) of the respondents had poor knowledge, followed by fair 5 (8%) knowledge while 0 (0%) participants had good knowledge about CFS. Conclusions: It was concluded that the knowledge of nurses regarding clinical frailty scale was poor. Knowing more about the knowledge of clinical frailty scale among ICU nurses who frequently care for frail and older patients can help identify frailty and multidisciplinary care. Educating nurses more about frailty may promote nursing care strategies for frail patients
Coagulopathies in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Presenting to DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan
Authors: Khan Salman , Haq Moeen Ul , Atta Tahira , Rizwan Ahmad , Munir Gulshan , Rehman Syed
Published: December 2024

The liver develops fibrosis and nodules due to persistent damage, altering its natural lobular organization, known as cirrhosis. Various assaults such as toxic substances, viral infections, autoimmunity, or genetic disorders can damage the liver. Each lesion leads to fibrosis, or scar tissue formation, initially maintaining its functionality. Objective: To determine the frequency of coagulopathies occurring in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the General Medicine department at DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I Khan, from June 12, 2022, to December 12, 2022. A total of 240 patients were recruited using non-probability consecutive sampling to determine the frequency of coagulopathies occurring in patients with liver cirrhosis. Coagulation tests, including prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, were performed. Data on age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, and coagulopathies were recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Means and standard deviations were calculated for age and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Coagulopathies were stratified by gender, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status to assess effect modifications. Post-stratification chi-square tests were applied, with P < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age was 45.56 ± 3.357 years. Males comprised 127 (52.9%) and females 113 (47.1%). Age distribution was 12.9% (20-30 years), 24.6% (31-40 years), 47.5% (41-50 years), and 15.0% (51-60 years). Coagulopathies were present in 74 (30.8%) patients, while 166 (69.2%) had none. Ninety patients (37.5%) had normal PT, lasting less than 15 seconds (mean + SD = 11.28 ± 2.02 sec), while 121 patients (50.4%) had prolonged PT (mean + SD = 22.94 ± 5.93 sec) and indicates a statistically significant difference of PT. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis had significantly higher and prolonged PT and APTT values, indicating an increased risk of coagulopathies.
Evaluating Preventive Health Strategies: Salivary Biomarkers as Non-Invasive Indicators of Caries Risk in School Children
Authors: Surwaich Arhana , Maqbool Ali , Majeedaro Sajid Ali , Ali Agha Taymoor , Arain Bushra , Anwar Khurram , Ahsan Shaharyar , Ejaz Maheen
Published: December 2024

Dental caries, a prevalent oral health condition affecting 514 million children aged <6 years, globally, was a significant public health concern. Salivary biomarkers offer a non-invasive approach to assessing caries risk. However, research on the specific role of salivary components in caries progression and prevention was limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential of salivary biomarkers as a valuable tool for predicting caries risk in school children. Objective: To evaluate the role of Salivary Biomarkers in risk assessment of caries in school children. Methods: A systematic review of literature published between January 2009 and February 2024 focused on studies investigating the association between salivary biomarkers and caries risk in school-aged children. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Springer, and Science Direct were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. 500 full-text papers were screened for eligibility, and 43 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated, relevant information was extracted, and a systematic review was conducted with 43 included studies. Results: Salivary biomarkers, including proteomics, microbiota, sugar metabolization, IgA levels, and salivary metabolic profiles, were significantly correlated with the risk of developing caries. Salivary samples demonstrated superior sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, and patient acceptance compared to blood samples for predicting caries risk. Conclusions: The findings suggested that salivary biomarkers hold promise as valuable non-invasive tools for stratifying caries risk in school children. Further research was needed to validate these biomarkers and integrate them into routine dental care to improve preventive strategies.
Challenges and Barriers In Research Writing-Dental House Officers’ Perspective
Authors: Ahmad Rana Ammar , Mumtaz Maryam , Aqeel Rummana , Awais Faiza , Rana Muhammad Haseeb , Khan Nishwah , Naeem Sajid , Qamar Khezran
Published: December 2024

Professional development in medical and dental sciences requires research. There was limited information about the research barriers faced by students in this region. Objective: To find out the common challenges and barriers faced by the house officers when writing research proposals. Methods: Dental house officers of 3 private dental colleges in Punjab were recruited for the cross-sectional study. Data collection was done using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Closed-ended questions were designed to cover 4 domains of research barriers, e.g., personal, educational, environmental, and technical. 16 items of perceived research conduction barriers on three-point Likert scale (Disagree, Agree and Neutral) were included. Results: The most frequently evident barriers were personal 2.26 ± 51.8% and educational 2.00 ± 51.8%, followed by environmental 1.96 ± 51.8% and technical 1.87 ± 51.8%. House officers disagreed that they were not interested in research writing. 68.9% didn’t have any undergraduate research writing experience. 53.6% believe that research contributes to professional development. 45.0% disagree that they will not do research during a house job. 51.4% believed that there was a lack of time for conducting research. 73.4% regarding lack of financial funding was reported. 57.7% believed that inadequate equipment and facilities were the main hurdles in conducting research. 64.4% of participants were of the view that they lack knowledge. 59.9% believed that supervisors do not give adequate time. Conclusions: In order of importance, the most commonly reported barriers in writing research proposals by the dental house officers were personal and educational, followed by environmental and technical barriers.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Nawabshah: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jamali Yasir Akbar , Kazi Sadia , Chandio Mehwish Noor , Nabeel Sobia Khan , Kanhar Ahmed Ali , Riaz Uzma , Iqbal Jawed , Suhag Ahmed Hussian , Aziz Ijaz
Published: December 2024

One of the top causes of mortality globally was Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and South Asian nations were exhibiting a particular trend in this regard. Objective: To determine the prevalence and identify its associated risk factors in the Nawabshah population. Methods: For ten months, from October 5, 2023, to May 27, 2024, this case-control research was carried out at the Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital in Nawabshah. The participants underwent a complete clinical assessment, including laboratory testing, physical examination, and medical history review. Based on known diagnostic criteria such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) analyses, cardiac enzyme levels, and imaging examinations, the attending physicians diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Results: In the study population, 52.5% of the cases were classified as obese, and 64.3% had hyperlipidaemia. Additionally, 31.1% of the patients in the case group had diabetes, 66.4% were smokers, and 73.5% had hypertension. Physical inactivity was prevalent in 55.5% of the patients in the case group. According to the sex distribution, there were more women in the case group (53.4% versus 45.0%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and smoking in Nawabshah is one of the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease that this research emphasizes. Public health measures that aim to improve people's lifestyles and prevent diseases should be implemented immediately considering these results.
Correlating SVEAT Score with CT or Coronary Angiography Score in Assessing Coronary Artery Disease Risk in a Tertiary Cardiac Care Center, Rawalpindi
Authors: Jamil Asifa , Altaf Maria , Parveen Shagufta , Yousafzai Muhammad Adil
Published: December 2024

Around the world, coronary artery disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality. The coronary artery disease population is estimated to have increased from 9 million in 1990 to 19 million by 2020. Nurses are the major workforce working in emergencies and need a method for early risk stratification of patients. Objective: To find a Correlation between SVEAT score and angiography score to find the relationship between the diagnostic accuracies of both methods in assessing coronary artery disease. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study design involving 118 subjects undergoing both angiography and SVEAT score assessment. Samples from the Tertiary Cardiac Care Center's Emergency Reception were chosen using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected between the period of January 2024 to April 2024. The frequency and percentages of participants categorized by risk levels were calculated. A Spearman correlation was calculated between the SVEAT score and the angiography score. Results: The demographic profile of 118 participants showed that the study included n=88 (74.6%) male and n=30 (25.4%) female. SVEAT score categorizes 44.9% of participants as low risk and safe to discharge and similarly, Angiography categorizes 46.6%. A Spearman correlation between the SVEAT score and angiography (0.790, sig. 0.000) indicated a significant positive association. Conclusion: It was concluded that similar to angiography, the SVEAT score is a useful non-invasive method that nurses can use for identifying early risk of coronary artery disease.
The Use of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Spinal Surgery: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Haq Mian Iftikhar ul , Saud Abdul Munaf , Khan Shaukat Hayat , Raza Tauseef , Khan Abdul Rehman , Abidi Syed Abdur Rub
Published: December 2024

Minimally invasive spine surgeries have come a long way from their open counterparts in recent years, allowing for less tissue stress, smaller incisions, and quicker recoveries. Objectives: To trace the development of minimally invasive spine surgical procedures from their inception to the present day and to find ways to improve and innovate these methods in the future. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Neurosurgery Department of Lady Reading Hospital-Medical Training Initiative, Peshawar. 230 individuals were progressively enrolled, and a plethora of spinal disorders were recruited as inclusion criteria. This information was gathered by painstakingly capturing demographics, co-morbidities, surgical procedure details and postoperative results. Statistical analysis identifies the trends. Results:  The mean age of the study was 54.7 years and male were higher in numbers. Discectomy was the most commonly performed operation with the degenerative disease of the spine accounting for the highest (26.06%). With an average hospital stay of 5.8 days, problems such as Dural tears occurred during the operation in 10.87% of cases. While problems such neighboring segment illness were observed in 6.52% of patients, follow-up demonstrated improved functional results in 65.22% of cases. Variables such as surgical indication and procedure showed significant relationships (p<0.001) according to chi-square testing. Conclusions: It was concluded that minimally invasive spine surgery draws attention to the need for ongoing innovation and research to improve outcomes and overcome technical challenges in the treatment of complex spinal illnesses. This approach offers less invasive treatments with shorter recovery times and fewer complications
Modelling Predictive Factors of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards HIV/AIDS Transmission and Their Interlinked Role: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Majeed Fatima , Saleem Javeria , Hameed Sajid , Ishaq Muhammad , Aftab Muhammad Mohsin , Shahzad Ruhma
Published: December 2024

HIV/AIDS remains a significant global health challenge that disproportionately affects low and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices (KAPs) and their interlinked role in preventing HIV/AIDS was of utmost importance for effective prevention and control efforts. Objective: To explore the current state of KAP related to HIV/AIDS in Pakistan, emphasizing the interlinkage of these factors with each other. Methods: The present study was a facility-based cross-sectional study carried out with a sample size of 114 HIV patients who were enquired about their KAP using a predesigned questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS (version 24.0), chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: Approximately half of the respondents had good knowledge (43.9%) and attitudes (48.1%), while slightly more of them reported good practices (56.1%) regarding HIV/AIDS. The predictive model of KAP regarding HIV/AIDS showed that males (OR=4.25; 95%CI=1.42-12.73), females (OR=3.69; 95%CI=1.05-12.95), literate individuals (OR=2.90; 95%CI=1.35-6.25), and employed individuals (OR=2.35; 95%CI=1.08-5.13) were more likely to have sufficient levels of knowledge, with patients with good knowledge 2.54- and 3.30-fold more likely to have better attitudes (95%CI=1.19-5.44) and better practices (95%CI=1.50-7.28), respectively, and patients with better attitudes 12.59-fold more likely to have better practices (OR=12.59; 95%CI=5.06-31.29) regarding HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: Conclusively, the trends of KAP related to HIV/AIDS were taking a positive turn in Pakistan; however, there was still a large gap that has yet to be filled. There was a need to destigmatize the disease by disseminating the right information with concerted efforts.
Prioritizing Health: The Need for Comprehensive Maternal and Child Care in Pakistan
Authors: Rana Saleem Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Pakistan grapples with severe maternal and child health challenges, highlighted by persistently high mortality rates that reveal significant shortcomings in the healthcare system.
Over 90% of deaths among children aged five and younger occur in just 40 countries, primarily in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Pakistan, is a young and densely populated nation with a population of 240,485,658 as of 2023, with 13.21% of its population under the age of five [1]. The country ranks third in the world for newborn mortality and second for stillbirth rates. The relationship between poverty and maternal and child mortality in Pakistan is complex, with a weak healthcare system being a significant contributing factor. Under nutrition is an important factor and has a close link with child mortality. Addressing these health disparities is crucial for improving outcomes for mothers and children in the country. One of the primary reasons for poor health outcomes in Pakistan is the low priority assigned to the health sector by successive governments. A recent survey indicates that only 0.05% of the GDP was allocated to national health accounts. Data from Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a notable increase in awareness and access to healthcare for pregnant women, as well as for children suffering from illnesses like diarrhea and pneumonia. However, these improvements still fall short when compared to developed countries. Pakistan failed to meet the targets for infant and maternal mortality outlined in the Millennium Development Goals. Utilizing a trained healthcare professional instead of an untrained traditional birth attendant (DAI) or a family member for maternal and child health services, particularly for prenatal care and birth attendance, is essential and plays a critical role in ensuring maternal health. Women who have access to healthcare services tend to experience healthier pregnancies and give birth to healthier infants. In countries with robust healthcare systems and heightened awareness, maternal health is prioritized, enabling women to receive quality care during pregnancy and childbirth. An observational study was conducted to explore ways to reduce mortality rates, revealing that significant improvements could be achieved through the implementation of evidence-based care packages provided by available healthcare providers. Implementing primary and secondary care interventions could save nearly two-thirds of newborn and maternal lives. It is crucial to introduce these interventions in community settings, particularly in rural and hard-to-reach populations. These communities urgently require community-based platforms that facilitate problem recognition and referrals for care. The Lady Health Worker Programme is one of the largest initiatives globally and has significant potential to improve Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health. However, this potential can only be realized if access, quality of care, and appropriate referrals to functional facilities are ensured.
Comparative Efficacy of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin against Ceftriaxone in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Patients
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Imran , Yaqub Muhammad Usman , Saeed Farhan , Maqsood Asim , Raza Muhammad Asad
Published: December 2024

Cirrhotic individuals with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were treated empirically with ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of intravenous ciprofloxacin against ceftriaxone in cirrhotic patients who developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods: This prospective interventional analysis was conducted at the Department of Medicine GHURKI Trust and Teaching Hospital, Lahore from Aug 2018 to 2023, and comprised 356 patients of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. After getting informed written consent patients with ages 35-70 years were included. Equally divided cases into two groups, 178 patients in group I received intravenously ciprofloxacin 200mg and 178 patients in group II received intravenously ceftriaxone 1g for 6 days after every 12 hours. Post-treatment efficacy of both drugs was compared. Results: Patients under study had a mean age of 53.15 ± 11.67 years and had a body mass index of 24.8 ± 6.20 kg/m2. In group I efficacy was found in 142 (79.8%) and in group II effectiveness was found in 160 (89.9%) with p-value=0.002. We found a reduction in ascetic fluid polymorph nuclear count in both groups after 6 days with p<0.003. The frequency of complications in group II was higher found in 16 (8.9%) cases and in group I found in only 5 (2.8%) cases. 4 cases in group I and 2 cases in group II left against medical advice. The mortality rate was also non-significant among both groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that intravenous ciprofloxacin is equally efficacious as ceftriaxone in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic individuals.
Evaluating Patient Experiences and Perceptions in the Diagnosis and Management of Dentine Hypersensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nayab Tayyaba , Chaudhry Ammara , Shaikh Muhammad Saad , Ikram Sana , Meraj Nimra , Ijaz Rabia
Published: December 2024

Dentine Hypersensitivity (DH), or sensitive teeth, was a dental pain caused by exposure of dentinal tubules. Understanding patients' experiences and perceptions was crucial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment plans. Objective: To investigate the patients' experiences, perceptions, and diagnostic techniques for DH. The research also addresses the therapy approaches to limit dentine hypersensitivity for the better quality of life in patients. Methods: A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to conduct the study for three months, from April 2024 to June 2024, in the University of Lahore's dental hospital and private dental clinics in Lahore. A close-ended questionnaire consisting of 20 items was used for data collection. The relationship between DH, gender, and other variables was examined using a chi-square test; P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study with 1105 participants found a slightly higher representation of females (51%) than males (49%), with both genders reporting similar rates of tooth pain during food consumption. DH was most prevalent in the 41-60 age group (33.8%), with 74% experiencing pain with certain foods, 88% not receiving professional treatment, and 99% acknowledging DH's significant impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: This study highlighted the significant prevalence of DH among adults, substantially impacting their quality of life. The findings emphasize the need for increased awareness, better diagnostic strategies, and patient-centred treatments to manage this condition effectively.
Medicinal Plants Used by Nursing Mothers for the Treatment of Children Diseases (Diarrhea and Malaria) in Bichi Northern Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Shehu Usman , Bappah Maryam Adamu , Dickson Lois Chibututum , Sada Salima Adamu
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants as means of complementary and alternative medical practices. This study examines the use of plant materials as a means of complementary and alternative medicine in treating children's diseases (Diarrhea and Malaria) by nursing mothers in Bichi LGA. Objective: To evaluate the use of plant materials by nursing mothers in treating diarrheal and Malaria disease in Bichi LGA, to assess the percentage of nursing mothers that prefer using traditional medicine alone and those that use traditional medicine with orthodox paediatric drugs, to determine common plants in use and their sources used in the treatment of paediatric condition like malaria and diarrhea. Methods: Three research questions were formulated and data was collected using both focused group discussion and structured questionnaires. Based on the analysis of the data, the following findings were discovered. Results: Ninety-eight (98%) of Bichi’s nursing mothers know Medicinal Plants. 74% of which utilize medicinal plants and 47% use medicinal plants exclusively, while 26% use it in addition to orthodox medication. The primary causes of this high medicinal plant use among these women were: socioeconomic status (45%) of Nursing mothers were unemployed 30% of them lack a formal education) the beliefs that medicinal plants were more effective than orthodox medicine and the availability or easy accessibility of these plants. Conclusion: The sources of the plants used by these women were 100% natural and organic from their farmland
Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ullah Zakir , Alam Shafiq , Rehman Javaid Ur , Khan Younas , Khan Kashif , Qaisar Owais , Awais Muhammad , Ullah Zakir
Published: December 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to complications such as stroke and heart failure. The prevalence of AF in patients with MI has garnered increasing attention due to its significant impact on clinical outcomes. Understanding its prevalence and associations with various risk factors is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes. Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Department of Cardiology, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from September 2023 to August, 2024. About 118 patients, already diagnosed cases of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, were enrolled in the study. Atrial fibrillation was considered positive on the absence of P waves and irregularly irregular QRS complexes on surface electrocardiography. Data were collected under the supervision of expert consultant and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Atrial fibrillation was observed in 14% (n=17) of the patients with STEMI. The mean age of the cohort was 55 years (SD±9.29). The study population was predominantly male (66%) with a high prevalence of diabetes (71%) and hypertension (78%). Despite these factors, no significant correlation was found between atrial fibrillation and diabetes, smoking status, BMI, or hypertension (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our study concludes that the frequency of atrial fibrillation was found to be 14% in the participants presenting with acute STEMI. Identifying no significant associations between AF and the common risk factors analyzed, these findings underscore the necessity for more research to investigate additional factors and mechanisms that connect AF with STEMI.
Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge and Performance Related to Patient Safety Following Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Korejo Zahid Ali , Ali Amjad , Kumar Ashok , Khan Aqib , Dahri Abdul Fatah
Published: December 2024

Cardiac catheterization is a crucial medical procedure that requires adherence to standardized care protocols and the proficiency of trained, competent healthcare professionals to achieve optimal outcomes.  Objectives: To evaluate nurses' knowledge and performance regarding patient safety following cardiac catheterization. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used among staff nurses who are working in the Cath-Lab and coronary care unit of four tertiary care hospitals from October 2022 to May 2023. A non-probability purposive sampling technique on a sample of n=90 participants was employed in this study. The Institutional Review Board granted approval and consent was obtained from all relevant study sites. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, with a p-value of ≤0.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results: Outcomes of the current study represent that most of the nurses, 62 (68.9%), possessed an inadequate level of knowledge, while 28 (31.1%) displayed an adequate level. Furthermore, 81 (90%) of the nurses were noted to perform unsatisfactory levels of practice. Whereas, only 9 (10%) nurses were observed to carry out a satisfactory level of practice and there was a significant but weak correlation found between the total score of knowledge and performance with (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the study participants displayed, an inadequate level of knowledge and unsatisfactory level of practice concerning patient safety after cardiac catheterization in caring for such patients.
The Role of Nanomaterials in Preventive Dentistry: Antimicrobial Coatings for Dental Restorations
Authors: Sohail Shahneela , Sadiq Rabia , Tasleem Farah , Kumar Naresh , Imtiaz Ayesha , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ali Fatima
Published: December 2024

The applicability of antimicrobial nanomaterial coatings in preventive dentistry such as dental restoration practice in combating dental caries while embracing biocompatibility, and long-lasting and low bacterial adhesion properties has been the main area of research for many decades. Objective: To review the role of different types of nanomaterials in the field of preventive dentistry by focussing on anti-microbial coatings for dental restorations.  Methods: The articles were taken from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar within the years 2018-2024 following PISMA 2020 guidelines. The effectiveness of nanomaterials included in dental coatings in terms of antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and durability in clinical applications was observed. Bacterial adhesion, caries prevention, material nanotechnology, and patient satisfaction were assessed. The antimicrobial efficiency and restorative outcomes of different nanomaterials: via silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide; were evaluated. Initially, 109 articles were retrieved, which were then screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion, resulting in 16 studies for detailed analysis. The regions of study conduction were North America, Europe and Asia. Results: The antimicrobial efficacy of nano-coatings in dental restorations was seen via reduced bacterial adhesion and biofilm. The link between nanomaterials like silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide enhanced secondary caries prevention and improved the long-term stability of restorative materials. Biocompatibility studies demonstrated that these coatings are biocompatible; however, more work is required. The application of antimicrobial nano-coatings gives adaptive and therapeutic characteristics. Conclusions: It was concluded that nanotechnology should lead to better durability and performance of dental restorations thus better oral health and less caries
Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Non-Obese Individuals Presented at A Tertiary Care Hospital of Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Javeria , Humaira Mona , Ahmed Atif , Memon Abeer , Memon Naila , Shah Madiha
Published: December 2024

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has proved to be of enormous negative impact on health of humans, even in case of non-obese people. Objective: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese individuals at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Methods: This Cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 122 persons, 61 obese and 61 non-obese persons, chosen through Non probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients of either gender, aged between 30 to 60 years, visited the OPD or hospitalized were selected. The patients with acute or chronic Ischemic heart disease or stroke, liver, lung or kidney or thyroid diseases or suffering from malignancy along with Pregnant ladies and lactating mothers were excluded. MetS was diagnosed via IDF and AHA classification. Results: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was significantly more prevalent in obese individuals (70.5%) than in non-obese individuals (19.7%) (p = 0.001). Obese participants had a higher BMI (29.24 kg/m² versus 20.70 kg/m², p = 0.001), greater prevalence of dyslipidemia (63.9% versus 16.4%, p = 0.001), and uncontrolled diabetes (41.0% versus 13.1%, p = 0.001). Blood pressure was significantly elevated in the obese group, with mean systolic and diastolic pressures of 143.52 mmHg and 93.11 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.001). Conclusion: MetS was present in 45.1% of the participant and was found to be strongly consistent with obesity although it was also detected in noteworthy portion of non-obese persons.
Strengthening Primary Healthcare in Pakistan: A Foundation for Sustainable Health Reform
Authors: Mumtaz Sami Ullah
Published: December 2024

The firsthand health care services and a set of health-improving strategies or interventions, underline the concept of public health care. These are for meeting the health needs of economically compromised groups of people fairly. This concept has been polished since 1978. Public health care does not only comprise the implementation of comprehensive healthcare approaches but also rising economic, environmental, and social concerns that can be useful in optimizing healthcare strategies. According to the Alma-Ata Declaration, PHC underscores the importance of focusing on all the health-improving aspects such as taking precautions for preventing illness to offering treatments, reducing morbidity rates, and improving survival rates [1]. Different regions of the world have different primary health care approaches which are being implemented strategically for the well-being of humankind. There are several challenges faced by the healthcare system in Pakistan such as insufficient funding, low healthcare workforce, and inadequate infrastructure.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the health indicators of Pakistan are behind other countries in the continent, and the difference in the healthcare systems in the rural and urban areas is significant. A considerable portion of the population relies on the public sector for health facilities, as the private sector is way too expensive for an average person to afford.
The core issue of the poor health care system in Pakistan is the financing so to strengthen it this must be addressed first. An increase in the spending in this department is imperative, especially in the rural and unprivileged areas where healthcare is not easily accessible.
The difference between the healthcare systems in urban and rural areas can be decreased if there is an equitable distribution of resources. Moreover, training and retaining a skilled healthcare workforce could help resolve this issue. Programs such as Pakistan’s Lady Health Worker (LHW) have shown an increase in coverage but all these efforts can be supported by adequate resources and training.
Health equity and primary health care go side by side. PHC ensures that healthcare is accessible not only to the privileged segment of society but also to marginalized populations, women, and children. By providing communities with these facilities Pakistan can take a great step towards achieving health coverage and improving the health of its population.
In conclusion, strengthening PHC is not just an option it’s a demand and must be done. It’s the base for the achievement of sustainable health reforms. It should be prioritized by the policymakers, ensuring all Pakistanis get quality access to healthcare regardless of economic and geographic differences.
Project Selection for Construction Businesses in Indonesia Using AHP: A Case of CV. Maezurra Indotama
Authors: Maharani Shafa Dwidiva , Siallagan Manahan Parlindungan Saragih
Published: December 2024

The construction industry is the backbone of Indonesia's economy but needs operational inefficiencies like slow payment processes and a complicated bureaucratic structure. The research applies AHP to analyze the project selection criteria of small firms in the particular case of CV. Maezurra Indotama. Key decision criteria were identified through expert interviews and pairwise comparisons contract management, fund security, and schedule management. The findings indicate the high importance of contract review periods at 42.2%, client's fund availability at 47.0 %, and payment scheduling at 29.1%. The School Renovation Project came out as the most preferred option, aligned with the strategic focus. Suggestions and the way forward include enhancement of contract management through standard templates, preparation of adequate funds, and setting reasonable timelines. With these attributes in place, competitive growth of the construction sector will be achieved.
Recent advances of three-dimensional reconstruction technology and its application in modern agriculture
Authors: Huang Ting , Wang Tao , Niu Ziang , Yang Chen , Wu Zixing , Qiu Zhengjun
Published: December 2024

The timely acquisition of agricultural information is fundamental to smart agriculture, providing a basis for decision-making in agricultural production and ensuring protection against risks. With advancements in computer vision and machine learning, 3D reconstruction, the process of generating detailed digital models, has demonstrated substantial potential for mining and recording crucial information from objects, including geometry, structural attributes, visual appearance and other properties. This paper summarizes the applications of 3D reconstruction and measurement in the field of agricultural information acquisition based on prior research. It first reviews the 3D reconstruction and its related techniques and algorithms, then conducts a comprehensive analysis of the applications of 3D reconstruction and measurement in crop cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture and post-harvest products. It can be concluded that compared to traditional two-dimensional imagery, 3D reconstruction and measurement offer richer and more comprehensive information for agricultural practices, showing better performance in tasks such as organ segmentation, geometry measurement, health monitoring and simulation analysis. Future works can be launched from keeping up with the latest reconstruction technology, accelerating the 3D reconstruction, fusing multi-sensor data and combining 3D reconstruction with other information acquisition technologies.
ALOJZ BENAC – Povodom 110. godišnjice rođenja
Authors: Kaljanac Adnan
Published: December 2024

Biography.
The Daorsi, Daorson, Municipium Diluntum, and the Question of (Dis)continuity
Authors: Šačić Beća Amra
Published: December 2024

New methodological principles must be observed regarding the Daorsi, Daorson (the settlement in Ošanići), and the Municipium Diluntum. The paper analyses the term “Daorsi” in the context of Greco-Roman authors, epigraphic monuments, and published results of archaeological research. The analysis of source materials shows the role the Dalmatae and Romans played in the establishment of the identity of the Daorsi during the Late Republic. This paper provides a critical overview on identifying the term “Daorsi” from the period of the Illyrian Kingdom with the term civitas peregrina of the Daversi in Pliny’s list of communities of the Narona conventus. Literature shows that the name of the settlement in Ošanići, Daorson, was a construct of contemporary authors. The settlement near Ošanići, which likely became the center of the Municipium Diluntum under the Flavian dynasty, did not inherit the role of the ethnic center that is frequently noted in the literature. However, the example of the population of this municipium can be used to trace the existence of different identities within one microregion. The identities of the local elites and others socialstrata, including auxiliary and immigrants, are clearly pronounced.
Liberov kult na području istočnog dela rimske provincije Dalmacije / The Cult of Liber in the Eastern Part of the Roman Province of Dalmatia
Authors: Zotović Radmila
Published: December 2024

A total of eight votive monuments dedicated to the god Liber have been preserved on the territory of the eastern part of the Roman Province of Dalmatia to date. As a sequence of the total, six monuments represent a single cult; one monument represents a cult symbiosis with the god Bacchus, and one with Terminus and Jupiter. The absence of the presentation of a cult union with the female paredra Libera is instantly apparent; so is the variable approach to the cult of the god Bacchus. The monuments can mostly be dated in the reign of Hadrian and, respectively, Marcus Aurelius. The dedicators were reputable officials, of higher social function: arcarius fisci, ob honorem II viratus, and most likely sacerdos.
Challenges of Combating Terrorism in West Africa
Authors: Hamidu Ishaku
Published: December 2024

In recent times, terrorist activities have infiltrated all regions on the continent, including the West African sub-region. All efforts to tame their advances seem unfruitful. Using purposive sampling technique, some academic journals, books, newspapers and internet materials were explored. Those materials revealed that many nation-states affected in the sub-region responded militarily and expended more on military hard wares, personnel and other equipment but to no avail. Analyzing the content of the qualitative data mentioned, the notable obstacles include corruption, poor boundary demarcations and surveillance, political instability, inter-military rivalry and conflict, etc. The study concluded that unless and until states in the sub-region dismantle such barriers and face their common enemy together, national and international economic growth and relations will remain a mirage. It is recommended that all states cooperate, boost the morale and information sourcing of the military, obtain and deploy modern technological equipment, and synchronize their personnel, among others, as a panacea for halting terrorism.
Marketing of Metaverse: the Current State and Prospects – A Case of Generation Z
Authors: Rafiq Samiha Binte , Mahmud Sumaiya
Published: December 2024

This paper explores marketing strategies in the metaverse that brands can adopt attract and retain Generation Z customers. Metaverse provides an online universe with the help of the creator’s and user’s perception with possibly various capabilities. Most individuals will be intrigued by the Metaverse’s diversity. As new technologies are developing, Generation Z has acquired a preference for those that offer immersive experiences. Studying Generation Z behaviour is essential to design a successful metaverse platform. Consumer responses to the virtual environment will determine the platform’s effectiveness since a positive immersive experience will enable them to continue using it and possibly promote it further. This study suggested methods for companies to adapt their current marketing strategies for metaverse and suggested virtual environment features that brands should include based on in-depth interviews of Generation Z, literature review and case studies that brands can implement when developing their metaverse platform for a greater immersive experience.This study used the qualitative research approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews of 30 people aged from the range of Generation Z from The United States, Saudi Arabia, and Bangladesh. Data were categorized using inductive reasoning and similar responses were identified from a data matrix. The results were presented as a narrative by summarizing all the responses. We used a qualitative approach to analyse interview transcripts in order to gain a comprehensive grasp of participants’ perspectives on Metaverse as part of businesses to establish more effective marketing communications plans. Several elements have beenidentified in this study including the expectations from the metaverse, Generation Z-brand connection and Generation Z crisis. Some recurring ideas have been brought to the attention by many of the respondents.
DIỄN NGÔN CHẤN THƯƠNG TRONG TỰ SỰ VỀ TUỔI THƠ (TRƯỜNG HỢP TIỂU THUYẾT NGUYỄN QUỲNH TRANG)
Authors: Mai Chau Hue
Published: December 2024

Trong phạm vi bài viết, chúng tôi lựa chọn ứng dụng lí thuyết diễn ngôn tiếp cận theo hướng Michel Foucault kết hợp cùng với lí thuyết chấn thương của các nhà nghiên cứu như Cathy Caruth, Michelle Balaev,… để minh định đặc điểm và phương thức kiến tạo diễn ngôn chấn thương trong phạm vi tiểu thuyết của nhà văn Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang. Bài viết minh giải đặc điểm diễn ngôn chấn thương ở phương diện phức cảm lạc lõng, mất niềm tin, cảm giác lệ thuộc và thừa thãi trong tự sự về tuổi thơ của các nhân vật; cùng với đó là phương thức kiến tạo nên diễn ngôn chấn thương ấy qua các yếu tố thuộc phương diện trần thuật. Bằng sự kết hợp giữa hệ thống lí thuyết và nội dung tiểu thuyết, chúng tôi dự kiến bài viết góp phần tạo hình dung cụ thể về biểu hiện và sự tương tác của các sáng tác trong dòng văn học chấn thương với các yếu tố ngoại cảnh; biểu thị được đặc trưng thể hiện chấn thương của tác giả Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang trong dòng chảy văn học đương đại được sáng tác bởi các tác giả nữ.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
SỰ HÀI LÒNG CUỘC SỐNG CỦA THIẾU NIÊN MỒ CÔI TẠI CÁC TRUNG TÂM BẢO TRỢ XÃ HỘI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Minh Trương Hữu Đức Minh
Published: December 2024

Đề tài nghiên cứu về sự hài lòng cuộc sống của thiếu niên mồ côi tại các trung tâm bảo trợ xã hội. Kết quả cho thấy, các em có mức độ hài lòng cuộc sống cao, thể hiện rõ khi khảo sát ở lĩnh vực trường học. Bên cạnh đó, có mối tương quan thuận giữa sự hài lòng cuộc sống chung với các lĩnh vực: bản thân, trường học, bạn bè, môi trường; có sự khác biệt về sự hài lòng cuộc sống khi xem xét theo chiều kích thời gian sống tại trung tâm bảo trợ của của thiếu niên mồ côi và khác biệt giữa các em học trung học cơ sở với tiểu học. Trên cơ sở đó, một số bàn luận và kết luận về thực trạng sự hài lòng cuộc sống của thiếu niên mồ côi tại các Trung tâm bảo trợ thành phố Hồ Chí Minh cũng được đề xuất trong bài viết.
GIÁO DỤC KĨ NĂNG SỬ DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ CHO TRẺ MẪU GIÁO 4-5 TUỔI TRONG HOẠT ĐỘNG LÀM QUEN VỚI HÌNH DẠNG
Authors: Tuấn Nguyễn Mạnh , Nga Nguyễn Thị Hằng , Nhâm Trịnh Thị
Published: December 2024

Giáo dục công nghệ ngày càng được các chương trình giáo dục mầm non trên thế giới quan tâm và triển khai thực hiện. Mục đích của nghiên cứu là kiểm tra tính hiệu quả của việc tích hợp giáo dục công nghệ trong dạy toán cho trẻ 4-5 tuổi ở trường mầm non. Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu lí luận và phương pháp thực nghiệm tại một trường mầm non công lập thuộc địa bàn tỉnh Bắc Giang. Kết quả nghiên cứu đề xuất thang đánh giá kĩ năng sử dụng công nghệ của trẻ 4-5 tuổi trong hoạt động làm quen với hình dạng, nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra tính hiệu quả của tích hợp giáo dục công nghệ trong dạy trẻ làm quen với Toán, cách tích hợp này là phù hợp với chương trình Giáo dục mầm non và phù hợp với điều kiện thực tiễn hiện nay.
Exploring Vocational Students' Perceptions Towards Language Hub in Enhancing Autonomy
Authors: Ho Khanh Huyen , Hoang Thi Hoai
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine how an integrated digital learning platform, the Language Hub system, may enable vocational students to acquire more language learning autonomy. Although great efforts are made to raise language competency, vocational students typically need help to become autonomous in their educational process. This study fills in this gap by examining students' perceptions of the Language Hub and how it influences learner autonomy. Learner autonomy is proven to improve language acquisition significantly. The study was conducted with 80 students from a vocational school and employed qualitative data collected through a single-source student questionnaire. The findings significantly improved understanding of the effectiveness of online learning platforms in increasing learner autonomy in language education settings. The results show that the Language Hub program has greatly improved students' autonomy and language abilities. The long-term effects and adaptability of combined digital learning systems in different educational settings should be the main focus of the next studies. This paper emphasizes the need for such platforms to support autonomy and fulfill the changing language education.