bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of F3 Layer at Low Latitude Station Sanya During Recovery Phase of Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Jin Yuyan , Zhao Biqiang , Li Guozhu , Li Zishen , Zhou Xu
Published: November 2021

A special F2 layer stratification structure named F3 layer occurs frequently in equatorial and low latitude ionosphere during summer daytime. In this study, a new phenomenon of decreasing occurrence of the F3 layer, and narrowing differences of virtual heights between the F3 and F2 layers in the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms is reported. We named this phenomenon as the inhibition of F3 layer event (IFLE). Using the ionosonde observations during summer of 2012–2015 at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E, dip latitude 12.6°N), we found that IFLE occurred during 14 geomagnetic storms (−127 nT ≤ Dstmin ≤ −22 nT), which was accompanied by the thinning and lowering bottom ionosphere, and decreasing the crest‐to‐trough ratio of total electron content (TEC). Together with the ion drift data measured by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18, we suggest that the IFLE is mainly caused by the westward disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF; downward drift velocity), taking disadvantage of the formation of the F3 layer. The observed decrease in the crest‐to‐trough ratio of TEC also indicates that the westward DDEF should prompt IFLE by providing less plasma from the equatorial region to the low latitude. Hence, IFLE then can be a good indicator to show how the magnetosphere‐ionospheric coupling process affects the low and equatorial ionosphere. Notably, the results also indicate that even a very weak geomagnetic storm can generate significant changes in ionospheric state at low latitude.
Cross‐Validating Hydromechanical Models and Tracer Test Assessments of Hyporheic Exchange Flow in Streams With Different Hydromorphological Characteristics
Authors: Morén I. , Riml J. , Wörman A.
Published: November 2021

Hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) can generally be quantified through two different approaches. The first approach, which is deductive, entails physically based models, supported with relevant observations. The second approach includes inductive assessments of stream tracer tests using solute transport models, which provide a useful mathematical framework that allows for upscaling of results, but included parameters often have a vague physical base, which limits the possibilities of generalizing results using independent hydromorphological observations. To better understand how the physical basis of HEF‐quantifying parameters relates to stream hydromorphology at different spatial scales, we cross‐validated the results from (a) tracer test assessments using a 1D solute transport model that accounts for HEF and (b) an independent hydromechanical model that represents HEF driven by multiscale pressure gradients along the streambed interface. To parameterize the models, topographical surveys, tracer tests, and streambed hydraulic conductivity measurements were performed in 10 stream reaches, differing in terms of geomorphology, slope, and discharge. The results show that the models were cross‐validated in terms of the average exchange velocity, providing a plausible physical explanation for this parameter in small alluvial streams with low discharges, shallow depth, and moderate slopes. However, the hydromechanical model generally resulted in wider residence time distributions and occasionally higher average residence times compared to the tracer test assessments. From the cross‐validated multiscale hydromechanical model, we learned that water surface profile variations were the main drivers of HEF in all investigated streams and that spatial scales between 20 cm and 5 m dominated the estimated HEF velocity.
Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance
Authors: Lin Danfeng , Shen Lesang , Luo Meng , Zhang Kun , Li Jinfan , Yang Qi , Zhu Fangfang , Zhou Dan , Zheng Shu , Chen Yiding , Zhou Jiaojiao
Published: November 2021

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood. Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the identification of targets against cancer metastasis. Detecting these very rare CTCs among the massive blood cells is challenging. However, emerging technologies for CTCs detection have profoundly contributed to deepening investigation into the biology of CTCs and have facilitated their clinical application. Current technologies for the detection of CTCs are summarized herein, together with their advantages and disadvantages. The detection of CTCs is usually dependent on molecular markers, with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule being the most widely used, although molecular markers vary between different types of cancer. Properties associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness have been identified in CTCs, indicating their increased metastatic capacity. Only a small proportion of CTCs can survive and eventually initiate metastases, suggesting that an interaction and modulation between CTCs and the hostile blood microenvironment is essential for CTC metastasis. Single-cell sequencing of CTCs has been extensively investigated, and has enabled researchers to reveal the genome and transcriptome of CTCs. Herein, we also review the clinical applications of CTCs, especially for monitoring response to cancer treatment and in evaluating prognosis. Hence, CTCs have and will continue to contribute to providing significant insights into metastatic processes and will open new avenues for useful clinical applications.
Perspectives of community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their carers regarding their oral health practices and care: rapid review
Authors: KC S. , Aulakh M. , Curtis S. , Scambler S. , Gallagher J. E.
Published: November 2021

Aim

To review evidence on oral health practices, beliefs/views and experiences of community-dwelling older adults living with dementia, including their carers.

Materials and methods

A search of key terms across six databases including Pubmed, Web of Science and OVID (Embase, MEDLINE [R] and PsycINFO) and Google Scholar was conducted, supplemented by reference screening. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 was used to assess the methodological quality.

Results

Eighteen studies reported across 19 papers were included in the review. Papers largely focused on normative needs (n = 13), whilst also reporting oral health-related experiences (n = 2), practices (n = 7), and beliefs/views (n = 9), of community dwellers with dementia. Generally, people living with dementia presented with poor oral and dental health, the exception being one study where dental care was integrated with memory clinic services. Maintenance of oral health focused only on toothbrushing. Overall, people living with dementia have reduced capacity for self-performed oral hygiene and high reliance on caregivers. There was a paucity of evidence on their perceptions of oral health and quality of life, the findings of which were equivocal, with weak evidence suggesting possible difficulty in identifying and communicating their needs. Experiences of accessing dental care, when explored, appear to be system dependent.

Conclusion

There was limited research evidence on oral health-related practices, beliefs/views and experiences of people with dementia. Recommendations for future research are presented.
Potential of miRNAs in urinary extracellular vesicles for management of active surveillance in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ramirez-Garrastacho Manuel , Berge Viktor , Linē Aija , Llorente Alicia
Published: November 2021

Background

Active surveillance is an alternative to radical treatment for patients with low-risk prostate cancer, which could also benefit some patients with intermediate risk. We have investigated the use of miRNA in urinary extracellular vesicles to stratify these patients.

Methods

NGS was performed to profile the miRNAs from small urinary extracellular vesicles in a cohort of 70 patients with prostate cancer ISUP Grade 1, 2 or 3. The most promising candidates were then analysed by RT-qPCR in a new cohort of 60 patients.

Results

NGS analysis identified nine miRNAs differentially expressed in at least one of the comparisons. The largest differences were found with miR-1290 (Grade 3 vs. 1), miR-320a-3p (Grade 3 vs. 2) and miR-155-5p (Grade 2 vs. 1). Combinations of 2–3 miRNAs were able to differentiate between two ISUP grades with an AUC 0.79–0.88. RT-qPCR analysis showed a similar trend for miR-186-5p and miR-30e-5p to separate Grade 3 from 2, and miR-320a-3p to separate Grade 2 from 1.

Conclusions

Using NGS, we have identified several miRNAs that discriminate between prostate cancer patients with ISUP Grades 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, miR-186-5p, miR-320a-3p and miR-30e-5p showed a similar behaviour in an independent cohort using an alternative analytical method. Our results show that miRNAs from urinary vesicles can be potentially useful as liquid biopsies for active surveillance.
Sympathetic signaling facilitates progression of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Dwivedi Shubham , Bautista Maricris , Shrestha Sanskriti , Elhasasna Hussain , Chaphekar Tanaya , Vizeacoumar Frederick S. , Krishnan Anand
Published: November 2021

The progression of prostate cancer (PC) into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a major challenge in treating PC. In NEPC, the PC cells undergo neuroendocrine differentiation (NED); however, the exact molecular mechanism that triggers NED is unknown. Peripheral nerves are recently shown to promote PC. However, their contribution to NEPC was not studied well. In this study, we explored whether sympathetic neurosignaling contributes to NED. We found that human prostate tumors from patients that later developed metastases and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a stage preceding to NEPC, have high sympathetic innervations. Our work revealed that high concentrations of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) induces NED-like changes in PC cells in vitro, evident by their characteristic cellular and molecular changes. The NE-mediated NED was effectively inhibited by the Adrβ2 blocker propranolol. Strikingly, propranolol along with castration also significantly inhibited the development and progression of NEPC in vivo in an orthotopic NEPC model. Altogether, our results indicate that the NE-Adrβ2 axis is a potential therapeutic intervention point for NEPC.
Giant anomalous Nernst signal in the antiferromagnet YbMnBi2
Authors: Pan Yu , Le Congcong , He Bin , Watzman Sarah J. , Yao Mengyu , Gooth Johannes , Heremans Joseph P. , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia
Published: November 2021

A large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is crucial for thermoelectric energy conversion applications because the associated unique transverse geometry facilitates module fabrication. Topological ferromagnets with large Berry curvatures show large ANEs; however, they face drawbacks such as strong magnetic disturbances and low mobility due to high magnetization. Herein, we demonstrate that YbMnBi2, a canted antiferromagnet, has a large ANE conductivity of ~10 A m−1 K−1 that surpasses large values observed in other ferromagnets (3–5 A m−1 K−1). The canted spin structure of Mn guarantees a non-zero Berry curvature, but generates only a weak magnetization three orders of magnitude lower than that of general ferromagnets. The heavy Bi with a large spin–orbit coupling enables a large ANE and low thermal conductivity, whereas its highly dispersive px/y orbitals ensure low resistivity. The high anomalous transverse thermoelectric performance and extremely small magnetization make YbMnBi2 an excellent candidate for transverse thermoelectrics.
Single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of the hematopoietic system enable the purification and massive profiling of precisely defined cell states
Authors: Triana Sergio , Vonficht Dominik , Jopp-Saile Lea , Raffel Simon , Lutz Raphael , Leonce Daniel , Antes Magdalena , Hernández-Malmierca Pablo , Ordoñez-Rueda Diana , Ramasz Beáta , Boch Tobias , Jann Johann-Christoph , Nowak Daniel , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Hübschmann Daniel , Alexandrov Theodore , Benes Vladimir , Trumpp Andreas , Paulsen Malte , Velten Lars , Haas Simon
Published: November 2021

Single-cell genomics technology has transformed our understanding of complex cellular systems. However, excessive cost and a lack of strategies for the purification of newly identified cell types impede their functional characterization and large-scale profiling. Here, we have generated high-content single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of human blood and bone marrow that quantitatively link the expression of up to 197 surface markers to cellular identities and biological processes across all main hematopoietic cell types in healthy aging and leukemia. These reference maps enable the automatic design of cost-effective high-throughput cytometry schemes that outperform state-of-the-art approaches, accurately reflect complex topologies of cellular systems and permit the purification of precisely defined cell states. The systematic integration of cytometry and proteo-genomic data enables the functional capacities of precisely mapped cell states to be measured at the single-cell level. Our study serves as an accessible resource and paves the way for a data-driven era in cytometry.
Microglia contribute to the propagation of Aβ into unaffected brain tissue
Authors: d’Errico Paolo , Ziegler-Waldkirch Stephanie , Aires Vanessa , Hoffmann Philippe , Mezö Charlotte , Erny Daniel , Monasor Laura Sebastian , Liebscher Sabine , Ravi Vidhya M. , Joseph Kevin , Schnell Oliver , Kierdorf Katrin , Staszewski Ori , Tahirovic Sabina , Prinz Marco , Meyer-Luehmann Melanie
Published: November 2021

Microglia appear activated in the vicinity of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, but whether microglia contribute to Aβ propagation into unaffected brain regions remains unknown. Using transplantation of wild-type (WT) neurons, we show that Aβ enters WT grafts, and that this is accompanied by microglia infiltration. Manipulation of microglia function reduced Aβ deposition within grafts. Furthermore, in vivo imaging identified microglia as carriers of Aβ pathology in previously unaffected tissue. Our data thus argue for a hitherto unexplored mechanism of Aβ propagation.
Using multiple machine learning algorithms to classify elite and sub-elite goalkeepers in professional men’s football
Authors: Jamil Mikael , Phatak Ashwin , Mehta Saumya , Beato Marco , Memmert Daniel , Connor Mark
Published: November 2021

This study applied multiple machine learning algorithms to classify the performance levels of professional goalkeepers (GK). Technical performances of GK’s competing in the elite divisions of England, Spain, Germany, and France were analysed in order to determine which factors distinguish elite GK’s from sub-elite GK’s. A total of (n = 14,671) player-match observations were analysed via multiple machine learning algorithms (MLA); Logistic Regressions (LR), Gradient Boosting Classifiers (GBC) and Random Forest Classifiers (RFC). The results revealed 15 common features across the three MLA’s pertaining to the actions of passing and distribution, distinguished goalkeepers performing at the elite level from those that do not. Specifically, short distribution, passing the ball successfully, receiving passes successfully, and keeping clean sheets were all revealed to be common traits of GK’s performing at the elite level. Moderate to high accuracy was reported across all the MLA’s for the training data, LR (0.7), RFC (0.82) and GBC (0.71) and testing data, LR (0.67), RFC (0.66) and GBC (0.66). Ultimately, the results discovered in this study suggest that a GK’s ability with their feet and not necessarily their hands are what distinguishes the elite GK’s from the sub-elite.
Generalized multi-channel scheme for secure image encryption
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: November 2021

The ability of metamaterials to manipulate optical waves in both the spatial and spectral domains has provided new opportunities for image encoding. Combined with the recent advances in hyperspectral imaging, this suggests exciting new possibilities for the development of secure communication systems. While traditional image encryption approaches perform a 1-to-1 transformation on a plain image to form a cipher image, we propose a 1-to-n transformation scheme. Plain image data is dispersed across n seemingly random cipher images, each transmitted on a separate spectral channel. We show that the size of our key space increases as a double exponential with the number of channels used, ensuring security against both brute-force attacks and more sophisticated attacks based on statistical sampling. Moreover, our multichannel scheme can be cascaded with a traditional 1-to-1 transformation scheme, effectively squaring the size of the key space. Our results suggest exciting new possibilities for secure transmission in multi-wavelength imaging channels.
Altered fire regimes modify lizard communities in globally endangered Araucaria forests of the southern Andes
Authors: Infante José , Novoa Fernando J. , Ibarra José Tomás , Melnick Don J. , Griffin Kevin L. , Bonacic Cristián
Published: November 2021

Wildfire regimes are being altered in ecosystems worldwide. The density of reptiles responds to fires and changes to habitat structure. Some of the most vulnerable ecosystems to human-increased fire frequency are old-growth Araucaria araucana forests of the southern Andes. We investigated the effects of wildfires on the density and richness of a lizard community in these ecosystems, considering fire frequency and elapsed time since last fire. During the 2018/2019 southern summer season, we conducted 71 distance sampling transects to detect lizards in Araucaria forests of Chile in four fire “treatments”: (1) unburned control, (2) long-term recovery, (3) short-term recovery, and (4) burned twice. We detected 713 lizards from 7 species. We found that the density and richness of lizards are impacted by wildfire frequency and time of recovery, mediated by the modification of habitat structure. The lizard community varied from a dominant arboreal species (L. pictus) in unburned and long-recovered stands, to a combination of ground-dwelling species (L. lemniscatus and L. araucaniensis) in areas affected by two fires. Araucaria forests provided key habitat features to forest reptiles after fires, but the persistence of these old-growth forests and associated biodiversity may be threatened given the increase in fire frequency.
Transcript-targeted analysis reveals isoform alterations and double-hop fusions in breast cancer
Authors: Namba Shinichi , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Kobayashi Kenya , Kawase Katsushige , Tanaka Yosuke , Inoue Satoshi , Kishigami Fumishi , Kawashima Shusuke , Maeda Noriko , Ogawa Tomoko , Hazama Shoichi , Togashi Yosuke , Ando Mizuo , Shiraishi Yuichi , Mano Hiroyuki , Kawazu Masahito
Published: November 2021

Although transcriptome alteration is an essential driver of carcinogenesis, the effects of chromosomal structural alterations on the cancer transcriptome are not yet fully understood. Short-read transcript sequencing has prevented researchers from directly exploring full-length transcripts, forcing them to focus on individual splice sites. Here, we develop a pipeline for Multi-Sample long-read Transcriptome Assembly (MuSTA), which enables construction of a transcriptome from long-read sequence data. Using the constructed transcriptome as a reference, we analyze RNA extracted from 22 clinical breast cancer specimens. We identify a comprehensive set of subtype-specific and differentially used isoforms, which extended our knowledge of isoform regulation to unannotated isoforms including a short form TNS3. We also find that the exon–intron structure of fusion transcripts depends on their genomic context, and we identify double-hop fusion transcripts that are transcribed from complex structural rearrangements. For example, a double-hop fusion results in aberrant expression of an endogenous retroviral gene, ERVFRD-1, which is normally expressed exclusively in placenta and is thought to protect fetus from maternal rejection; expression is elevated in several TCGA samples with ERVFRD-1 fusions. Our analyses provide direct evidence that full-length transcript sequencing of clinical samples can add to our understanding of cancer biology and genomics in general.
High-resolution epitope mapping and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in large cohorts of subjects with COVID-19
Authors: Haynes Winston A. , Kamath Kathy , Bozekowski Joel , Baum-Jones Elisabeth , Campbell Melissa , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Daugherty Patrick S. , Dela Cruz Charles S. , Dhal Abhilash , Farhadian Shelli F. , Fitzgibbons Lynn , Fournier John , Jhatro Michael , Jordan Gregory , Klein Jon , Lucas Carolina , Kessler Debra , Luchsinger Larry L. , Martinez Brian , Catherine Muenker M. , Pischel Lauren , Reifert Jack , Sawyer Jaymie R. , Waitz Rebecca , Wunder Elsio A. , Zhang Minlu ,   Yale IMPACT Team, Anastasio Kelly , Askenase Michael H. , Balkcom Natasha C. , Batsu Maria , Bermejo Santos , Brower Kristina , Bucklin Molly L. , Cahill Staci , Cao Yiyun , Chiorazzi Michael , Chun Caitlin J. , Datta Rupak , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Dorgay Coriann E. , Earnest Rebecca , Fournier John , Geng Bertie , Handoko Ryan , Khoury-Hanold William , Herbst Roy , Knaggs Lynda , Kuang Maxine , Lapidus Sarah , Lin Zitong , Lu Peiwen , Mao Tianyang , Martin Anjelica , Matos Irene , McDonald David , Minasyan Maksym , Moore Adam J. , Naushad Nida , Nelson Allison , Nouws Jessica , Nunez Angela , Park Hong-Jai , Peng Xiaohua , Robertson Alexander James , Rice Tyler , Rose Kadi-Ann , Schulz Wade , Sewanan Lorenzo , Sharma Lokesh , Shepard Denise , Silva Julio , Simonov Michael , Smolgovsky Mikhail , Sonnert Nicole , Srivathsan Ariktha , Strong Yvette , Todeasa Codruta , Valdez Jordan , Velazquez Sofia , Vijayakumar Pavithra , White Elizabeth B. , Zhao Alice , Iwasaki Akiko , Ko Albert , Shon John C.
Published: November 2021

As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread, characterization of its antibody epitopes, emerging strains, related coronaviruses, and even the human proteome in naturally infected patients can guide the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Since traditional epitope identification tools are dependent upon pre-defined peptide sequences, they are not readily adaptable to diverse viral proteomes. The Serum Epitope Repertoire Analysis (SERA) platform leverages a high diversity random bacterial display library to identify proteome-independent epitope binding specificities which are then analyzed in the context of organisms of interest. When evaluating immune response in the context of SARS-CoV-2, we identify dominant epitope regions and motifs which demonstrate potential to classify mild from severe disease and relate to neutralization activity. We highlight SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that are cross-reactive with other coronaviruses and demonstrate decreased epitope signal for mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains. Collectively, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mutants towards reduced antibody response highlight the importance of data-driven development of the vaccines and therapies to treat COVID-19.
Precession cycles of the El Niño/Southern oscillation-like system controlled by Pacific upper-ocean stratification
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yu Zhoufei , Gong Xun , Wang Yue , Chang Fengming , Lohmman Gerrit , Qi Yiquan , Li Tiegang
Published: November 2021

Modern observations have presented linkages between subsurface waters of the western Pacific warm pool and both El Niño/Southern Oscillation-related and extratropic-controlled upper-ocean stratification on interannual timescales. Moreover, studies have showed that such controls may operate on orbital cycles, although the details remain unclear. Here we present paired temperature and salinity reconstructions for the surface and thermocline waters in the central western Pacific warm pool over the past 360,000 years, as well as transit modeling results from an Earth system model. Our results show that variations in subsurface temperature and salinity in the western Pacific warm pool have consistently correlated with the shallow meridional overturning cell over the past four glacial-interglacial cycles, and they vary on eccentricity and precession cycles. The shallow meridional overturning cell regulates subsurface waters of the western Pacific warm pool by changing subtropical surface water density and thus equatorial upper-ocean stratification, acting as an El Niño/Southern Oscillation-like process in the precession band. Therefore, the western Pacific warm pool is critical in connecting the austral shallow meridional overturning cell to the Earth’s climate system on orbital timescales.
Fecht's acid revisited: a spirocyclic dicarboxylate for non-aromatic MOFs
Authors: Slyusarchuk Valentyna D. , Hawes Chris S.
Published: November 2021

The first of a new class of spiroalkane-derived MOF linkers shows aromaticity is not a prerequisite for ligand design in porous materials.
Debondable adhesives and their use in recycling
Authors: Mulcahy Kira R. , Kilpatrick Alexander F. R. , Harper Gavin D. J. , Walton Allan , Abbott Andrew P.
Published: November 2021

Structural adhesives are commonly used to join dissimilar materials and are of particular interest in complex technological devices but their use makes recycling difficult.
Ionic liquids or eutectic solvents? Identifying the best solvents for the extraction of astaxanthin and β-carotene fromPhaffia rhodozymayeast and preparation of biodegradable films
Authors: Mussagy Cassamo U. , Santos-Ebinuma Valéria C. , Herculano Rondinelli D. , Coutinho João A. P. , Pereira Jorge F. B. , Pessoa Adalberto
Published: November 2021

Cholinium-based eutectic solvents as a promising and sustainable solution for the extraction of carotenoids from microbial biomass and the preparation of biodegradable active biofilms.
Selective, user-friendly, highly porous, efficient, and rapid (SUPER) filter for isolation and analysis of rare tumor cells
Authors: Zhao Kaifeng , Liu Yaoping , Wang Hua , Song Yanling , Chen Xiaofeng , Huang Chen , Niu Qi , Cao Jiao , Chen Xin , Wang Wei , Wu Lingling , Yang Chaoyong
Published: November 2021

A size-selective affinity filtration system, named selective, user-friendly, highly porous, efficient, and rapid filter (SUPER Filter), was developed for high-performance isolation and analysis of tumor cells from clinical body liquid samples.
Label-free quantitation of the changes in salivary proteome associated with the chronic consumption of the betel nut (Areca catechu)
Authors: Mirza Munazza Raza , Sultan Rabia , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Tahir Muhammad , Larsen Martin Røssel , Tariq Saria , Rahman Saeed Ur
Published: November 2021

The MS data revealed a differential expression of proteins due to prolonged betel nut consumption, and their potential role in inflammation or protection.
Bioinspired photo-crosslinkable self-assembling peptides with pH-switchable “on–off” luminescence
Authors: Pugliese Raffaele , Montuori Monica , Gelain Fabrizio
Published: November 2021

Drawing inspiration from the biological functions of tyrosine, we present a photo-cross-linking approach based on the ruthenium-complex-catalyzed conversion of tyrosine to dityrosine upon light irradiation of a tyrosine-containing self-assembling peptide.
The first N-ligand assisted Pd catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of 3-arylsuccinimides as novel antifungal leads
Authors: Lai Jixing , Yang Juan , Yang Chen , Csuk René , Song Baoan , Li Shengkun
Published: November 2021

The first palladium/chiral nitrogenous ligand-catalyzed enantioselective addition of aryl boronic acids to various maleimides was reported.
Differences in chemical composition and physical properties caused by industrial storage on sugarcane bagasse result in its efficient enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Pellegrini Vanessa de Oliveira Arnoldi , Ratti Regiane Priscila , Filgueiras Jefferson Gonçalves , Falvo Maurício , Coral Marisa Aparecida Lima , Guimaraes Francisco Eduardo Gontijo , DeAzevedo Eduardo Ribeiro , Polikarpov Igor
Published: November 2021

A high efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of aged SCB in the absence of pretreatments confers elevated sustainability to the process of its enzymatic conversion.
Mathematical Models of the Energy Characteristics of a Backpressure Steam Turbine Based on a Simulation Study
Authors: Hristov Kaloyan , Genovski Ivan
Published: November 2021

The backpressure steam turbine installations for combined production generate thermal energy and electricity. The produced electricity depends on the heat load determined by consumers. Heat energy is released in the district heating system through water, which is heated with the exhausted steam in boiler-condenser (district heater). The operation regime of the installation is influenced by load of the released district heat and the temperature of the district heat water at the input and output of the boiler-condenser. The variables are heat load of the district heating system and temperature of district heat water at power plant output. The temperature of the district heat water at the boiler-condenser input is an uncontrollable variable, whose value depends on heat consumption. It influences the steam pressure in the boiler-condenser and the available enthalpy drop of the cogeneration installation. In this report, a verified simulation model is applied on a backpressure steam turbine installation, type SST-300 CE2L/V36S. A multivariate simulation is carried out, studying the performance of the installation in off-design regimes. The results obtained are used for the creation of regression models of the installation’s energy characteristics. They reveal the dependence between the energy characteristics of the cogeneration steam turbine by the released heat load in the district heating system and the temperature of incoming and outgoing district heat water. The accuracy of the developed models is evaluated through multiple correlation coefficients. The mathematical models could be successfully used to optimize the operating regime of the backpressure steam turbine installation.
Moisture transfer in outer walls with layers of different density
Authors: Rymarov Andrey , Titkov Dmitriy , Ananiev Aleksey
Published: November 2021

The need to protect external walls from excess moisture to improve heat-shielding properties is an urgent task. If the outer wall is created from expanded clay concrete blocks, then the most interesting are the blocks created by layer-by-layer moulding, in which each layer can have its own given density. In such blocks, each layer has its own coefficients of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability, which allows you to select the required heat transfer resistance and vapor permeability of the outer wall for a specific region, taking into account the characteristics of the climate. The ability to have external walls with different material densities inside makes it possible to implement energy saving tasks in the building. The article discusses options for external walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks with layers with different densities and coefficients of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability. Changing the location of layers with different densities inside the blocks changes the local values of the vapor permeability resistance, which leads to a different nature of the movement of water vapor inside the wall in winter. It is good when water vapor does not accumulate in the wall; it does not condense and freely goes into the external environment. A dry wall is more durable, it loses less heat in winter. Changes in partial pressures at full saturation and with existing humidity inside the expanded clay concrete block for layers of different densities in winter are considered to determine the possible condensation from water vapor inside the wall. Layer-by-layer moulding of building materials improves their properties to increase resistance to heat transfer and to form a dry and more durable outer wall.
An approach for reducing the air conditioning costs in office buildings in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Van Hung , Phan Thanh Nhan , Vassilev Momchil
Published: November 2021

According to statistics from the Ho Chi Minh Energy Saving Center, the electricity costs of the air conditioning system for office buildings are about 70% of the electricity costs. There are many solutions that have been proposed to reduce the operating costs of the air conditioning systems, this article discusses a method of accumulating cold to reduce the cost of electricity for the air conditioning system of an office building.
Assessing the diversification of energy mix with the methods of entropy and hierarchy of information
Authors: Petrov Iliyan
Published: November 2021

Energy systems are a typical example of complex and dynamic systems and the study of their structure is of particular interest in theoretical and practical terms. Becoming the main trend of diversification and, renewable energies play important role in the evolution and dynamics of energy balances at the international, national, and local levels. Usually, natural sciences use Information Theory and the concept of entropy to assess diversity, uncertainty, and chaos in systems with a high number of components. An alternative approach to assess system complexity is to consider these issues from point of view of the concentration of resources, dominance, and hierarchy in the interactions between system components. This report presents an original method developed by the author for assessing the hierarchy in energy mix structures and the role of renewable energies. The author’s studies in the field of energy explore the evolution of markets and energy balances (energy mixes) on an international, regional and national level with a special focus on the European Union and Bulgaria. The hierarchy approach provides results in a more logical, objective, and balanced format and improves the analysis in terms of energy security and diversification. In this paper, is presented a research on the structure of the energy mix in Bulgaria.
Methods for personal cooling in hot environment used in clothing and wearables
Authors: Vasilev Atanas , Angelova Radostina A. , Velichkova Rositsa
Published: November 2021

The use of an efficient personal cooling system in hot environments is becoming increasingly popular, as the increased air temperature provokes thermophysiological discomfort, heat stress, reduced productivity and could lead to several health issues. Different methods and devices for personal and local cooling have been developed over the years. The paper summarises the cooling methods applied in clothing and wearable items: phase-change materials, Peltier elements, evaporative cooling, water cooling and hybrid cooling. The local vs total (of the whole body) cooling is examined. The passive and active colling are analysed in terms of advantages, disadvantages and application.
Tangram based technology for clothing design
Authors: Georgieva-Gushtanova Boryana
Published: November 2021

The trends in the society regarding environment protection and more optimized production are reason for the research of the author in this direction. The technology of the item connect with the stamina of the product. Within the report, there is an author’s development for series of clothing presented in the context of the steady design. Using zero-waste technology aims the improvement of the functional characteristics, as it is being experiment with different textile materials like artificial leather, cotton, wool, spandex and others. The design through transformation of square into other figure through cutting connect with the Chinese tangram game. Problems are included, such as construction, functional, and aesthetic character, as well social and ecological aspect.
Parameters influencing the droplet formation in a focusing microfluidic channel
Authors: Grigorov Emil , Denev Jordan A. , Kirov Boris , Galabov Vassil
Published: November 2021

In the present work a detailed numerical study of the parameters influencing the droplet formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device are made. First, an extensive verification of the simulations with data from the literature is carried out. Influence of parameters like viscosity and inflow velocity are compared with the results from literature showing a good agreement. Some differences are attributed to the different numerical techniques used: in the present work a pure volume-of-fluid method is used, while in the reference study this method is combined with the level-set method. As a second step of the verification of the present model, a comparison with experimental data from the literature was carried out which shows a very good agreement. After the verification was completed, eight new simulations are carried out covering a wide range of velocities of the continuous phaseuc. In these simulations the velocity of the discrete phaseudremains unchanged. The variation of the continuous phase velocity reveals that with increasing the value ofuc, respectively the value of the capillary numberCa, the droplet length reaches a point of saturation, i.e. a point where the droplet length does not decrease any more. For the present setup this saturation occurs forCa> 0,03. On the other hand, when the velocity of the continuous phase goes towards very low values (Ca< 0,01 for the present setup), the droplet size increases significantly. Further, it was found that for increasing capillary numbersCaabove a value around 0,015 for water/oil and above 0,025 for water + 40% glycerol / oil systems, a transmission from the dripping towards the jetting regimes of droplet formation occurs. It was shown that when the viscosity of the continuous phase increases, higher total pressure jumps in the droplet occur, also leading to the formation of smaller droplets.
Modularity design of instant coffee powder packaging machine
Authors: Antonov Svetlin , Dien L.K.
Published: November 2021

For a long time, coffee has become a very popular drinks in over the world and Vietnam has been an coffee export country because of the quality of Vietnamese coffee is confirmed in the world. By the above reason, the question of coffee packaging for protection of its favor and transportation is considered one of the most important question. most products after the production process are fine packed in many different forms. Almost all products are especially packaged and quantified for convenient consumption depending on the form and texture of the product, there are different product packaging. Among the packaged products, instant coffee powder is the most packaged product. The coffee export market of Vietnam is very large in all around the world with the ranking of 4th. However, most instant coffee products in Vietnam are mainly invested by foreign companies with production lines system imported from foreign countries. This is the reason of the existence of the paper in which we mention on the design of a local instant coffee power with the application of the modular design.
Immunhämatologische Daratumumab-Interferenz im Verlauf einer Myelomtherapie
Authors: Grüger Daniela , Immenschuh Stephan , Hervatin Rafaela , Schneeweiß Clemens
Published: November 2021

Anti-CD38-Antikörper werden vermehrt in der Klinik zur Behandlung von multiplen Myelomen und weiteren Indikationen eingesetzt. CD38 ist ein Oberflächenmolekül, das auf einer Reihe von Zellen und Geweben exprimiert wird, auch auf Erythrozyten. Nach Verabreichung von Anti-CD38-Antikörpern wie Daratumumab kommt es regelmäßig zur Interferenz im indirekten Antihumanglobulintest (IAT), was die Bestimmung irregulärer Antikörper behindert sowie auch die Zuverlässigkeit von Serumverträglichkeitsproben stark einschränkt. Mehrere Verfahren zum Umgang dieser Interferenz werden derzeit von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie (DGTI) empfohlen. Wir stellen hier einen Vergleich zwischen der DTT-Methode und der Maskierung von CD38 durch ein neues Reagens an einem Patienten mit asekretorischem multiplen Myelom vor.
Sprungbaum zur speziellen Entwicklung der Hochsprungleistung
Authors: Kneifel Sebastian , Schnabel Peter
Published: November 2021

Die Sprungleistung ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig. Neben den körperlichen Voraussetzungen gehören dazu unterschiedliche Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die im Training speziell entwickelt werden. Der Hochsprungbaum hilft dabei, die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen.
Hydrohalogenation of Unactivated Alkenes Using a Methanesulfonic Acid/Halide Salt Combination
Authors: Paquin Jean-François , Bertrand Xavier , Paquin Pascal , Chabaud Laurent
Published: November 2021

The hydrochlorination, hydrobromination, and hydroiodination of unactivated alkenes using methanesulfonic acid and inorganic halide salts (CaCl2, LiBr, LiI) in acetic acid are reported. This approach uses readily available and inexpensive reagents to provide the alkyl halides in up to 99% yield. An example of deuteriochlorination using deuterated acetic acid as the solvent is also demonstrated.
Is It Reasonable to Perform Isolated SAVR by Residents in the TAVI Era?
Authors: Gerfer Stephen , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Kuhn Elmar , Wahlers Thorsten , Brinkschröder Sarah , Djordjevic Ilija , Rustenbach Christian , Rahmanian Parwis , Mader Navid
Published: November 2021

Background The role of conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is increasingly questioned since the indication for transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVIs) is currently extended. While the number of patients referred to SAVR decreases, it is unclear if SAVR should be performed by junior resident surgeons in the course of a heart surgeons training.

Methods Patients with isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) were analyzed with respect to the surgeon's qualification. AVR performed by resident surgeons was compared with AVR by senior surgeons. The collective was analyzed with respect to clinical short-term outcomes comparing full sternotomy (FS) with minimally invasive surgery and ministernotomy (MS) with right anterior thoracotomy (RAT) after a 1:1 propensity score matching.

Results The 30-day all-cause mortality was 2.3 and 3.4% for resident versus senior AVR groups, cerebrovascular event rates were 1.1 versus 2.6%, and no cases of significant paravalvular leak were detected. Clinical short-term outcomes between FS and minimally invasive access, as well after MS and RAT were comparable.

Conclusion Our current data show feasibility and safety of conventional SAVR procedure performed by resident surgeons in the era of TAVI. Minimally invasive surgery should be trained and performed in higher volumes early in the educational process as it is a safe treatment option.
Detection of Fetal Anomalies by Remotely Directed and Interpreted Ultrasound (Teleultrasound): A Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Whittington Julie R. , Hughes Dawn S. , Rabie Nader Z. , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Magann Everett F.
Published: November 2021

Objective To determine the accuracy and reliability of remotely directed and interpreted ultrasound (teleultrasound) as compared with standard in-person ultrasound for the detection of fetal anomalies, and to determine participants' satisfaction with teleultrasound.

Study Design This was a single-center, randomized (1:1) noninferiority study. Individuals referred to the maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) ultrasound clinic were randomized to standard in-person ultrasound and counseling or teleultrasound and telemedicine counseling. The primary outcome was major fetal anomaly detection rate (sensitivity). All ultrasounds were performed by registered diagnostic medical sonographers and interpretations were done by a group of five MFM physicians. After teleultrasound was completed, the teleultrasound patients filled out a satisfaction survey using a Likert scale. Newborn data were obtained from the newborn record and statewide birth defect databases.

Results Of 300 individuals randomized in each group, 294 were analyzed in the remotely interpreted teleultrasound group and 291 were analyzed in the in-person ultrasound group. The sensitivity of sonographic detection of 28 anomalies was 82.14% in the control group and of 20 anomalies in the telemedicine group, it was 85.0%. The observed difference in sensitivity was 0.0286, much smaller than the proposed noninferiority limit of 0.05. Specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were more than 94% for both groups. Patient satisfaction was more than 95% on all measures, and there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction based on maternal characteristics.

Conclusion Teleultrasound is not inferior to standard in-person ultrasound for the detection of fetal anomalies. Teleultrasound was uniformly well received by patients, regardless of demographics. These key findings support the continued expansion of telemedicine services.

Key Points
Systemische Innovationen: Einkauf und Logistik als Gamechanger im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes , Ehrenmüller Irmtraud
Published: November 2021

Die Organisation im Krankenhaus wird durch eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Professionen, isolierter Aktivitäten und abgegrenzter Organisationseinheiten geprägt. Ziel muss es sein, übergreifende Wertschöpfungsprozesse patientenzentriert zu gestalten. Der Toolkasten von Einkauf und Logistik enthält wesentliche Methoden zur Unterstützung der erforderlichen Innovationssprünge im Krankenhauswesen.
Soft Skills: Was Einkäufer von Schauspielern lernen können
Authors: Schlüchtermann Melanie
Published: November 2021

Für ein erfolgreiches Verhandeln kann auf Techniken des Schauspiels zurückgegriffen werden. Spezielle Seminare können dabei Anleitung und Unterstützung bieten.
Interview mit Markus Wild: Defizite erkennen und adressieren
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: November 2021

Klinik Einkauf sprach mit Markus Wild über die aktuellen Probleme in den Logistikketten, die daraus resultierenden höheren Preise sowie die Herausforderungen, die auch eine neue Bundesregierung im kommenden Jahr angehen sollte.
Aktuelle Rechtsprechung: Das „Zweite Pandemie-Jahr“ in der vergaberechtlichen Rechtsprechung
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: November 2021

Im Laufe des Jahres 2021 gab es weitere wichtige Entscheidungen mit Pandemie-Bezug, die für Einkäufer der Kliniken von großem Interesse sein können.
PEDOT:PSS: From conductive polymers to sensors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshuang , Yang Wentuo , Zhang Hainan , Xie Mengying , Duan Xuexin
Published: November 2021

PEDOT:PSS conductive polymers have received tremendous attention over the last two decades owing to their high conductivity, ease of processing, and biocompatibility. As a flexible versatile material, PEDOT:PSS can be developed into various forms and has had a significant impact on emerging sensing applications. This review covers the development of PEDOT:PSS from material to physical sensors. We focus on the morphology of PEDOT:PSS in the forms of aqueous dispersions, solid films, and hydrogels. Manufacturing processes are summarized, including coating, printing, and lithography, and there is particular emphasis on nanoimprinting lithography that enables the production of PEDOT:PSS nanowires with superior sensing performance. Applications to various physical sensors, for humidity, temperature, pressure, and strain, are demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the challenges and propose new directions for the development of PEDOT:PSS.