bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de una propuesta de estándar de calidad en la línea de calzado escolar
Authors: Góchez Martínez Alba Yaneth , Retana de Alemán Jasmín Rocío , Grande Sánchez Alfredo De Jesús
Published: September 2020

Las empresas de la industria del calzado en El Salvador, particularmente las micro, pequeñas y medianas, enfrentan situaciones que les restan competitividad como: los problemas de calidad de las materias primas (cuero), componentes (suelas, cordones, plantillas, forros) y productos terminados. Contar con limitadas fuentes de estos recursos, con la falta de oferta de recurso humano calificado, la falta de acceso a tecnología y, finalmente, dificultades de acceso a mercados y a fuentes de financiamiento, afecta su quehacer dentro del sector. Con base en el contexto anterior, se formuló una investigación aplicada para identificar los elementos que impactan en la calidad de la producción del calzado escolar en El Salvador, a fin de proponer un estándar de calidad de referencia para el incremento de la misma y la competitividad de este rubro. Para ello se realizaron once pruebas de calidad en materias primas, componentes y producto terminado. Como resultado de esto, se generó una propuesta de estándares de calidad para los productores y proveedores de materia prima, componente y producto terminado en la línea de calzado escolar. Esto facilitó las pruebas de validación de dichos estándares con la realización y análisis de ensayos en muestras nacionales de materia prima, componente y producto terminado. Esto permitió al sector involucrado un aseguramiento y mejora en la calidad de su producción; contribuyendo así a innovar e incrementar el valor agregado para la industria, permitiéndole volverse más competitivo.
Turigrinos e Peregrinos nos Caminhos a Santiago de Compostela: neologismo e conflitos culturais
Authors: Gomes Leandro Eustáquio
Published: September 2020

Buscou-se neste artigo apresentar e discutir o neologismo “turigrinos” no caminho de peregrinação a Santiago de Compostela. O Caminho de Santiago é a segunda maior rota de peregrinação cristã do mundo e atrai centenas de milhares de peregrinos todos os anos, percorrendo as múltiplas rotas com início em diversos países e locais em direção à cidade de Santiago de Compostela em Espanha. Para esta construção, apresentou-se questões históricas e conceituais norteadoras sobre os caminhos a Santiago de Compostela, peregrinos e o neologismo turigrinos. O termo turigrinos abarca, além de significados e o processo de transformação do perfil de pessoas que percorrem a rota, um conflito cultural observado a partir de reflexões obtidas por meio das experiências adquiridas através de levantamento bibliográfico e na observação participante em viagens de peregrinação a pé, da cidade do Porto (Portugal) à cidade de Santiago de Compostela (Espanha). Essas experiências foram parte da pesquisa de campo realizada durante o mestrado e doutorado em Antropologia Social e Cultural cursados na Universidade de Coimbra/Portugal.
Information Spillover and Demand Shock Effect of the IPOs on the Stock Price of the Competitors: Evidence From the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Min Jae Hoon
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the impact of IPOs on the stock prices of competing companies in the same industry in the Korean stock market. By observing the stock price responses of competitors at the time of IPO announcement and listing, this study attempts to separately examine the effect of IPO's information transfer and its impact on the stock demand of competitors. Before and after the IPO announcement, the stock prices of competitors did not change significantly. On the other hand, during the period surrounding the IPO stock listing, the stock price of competitors showed a significantly negative decline. This suggests that as the IPO stock related information was revealed through the public offering process, it negatively affected the stock price of competing companies. Also, the listing of IPO stocks seems to have adversely affected the stock demand for competing companies. In particular, among the effects of information transfer, the competitive effect is overwhelming, and the factors that influence relative competitiveness in the industry between competitors and an IPO company, such as operating profitability and R&D investment, are found to have a substantial influence on the share price of competitors.
The Implementation of Balanced Scorecard in Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Qushtom Thaer Faisal Abdelrahim
Published: September 2020

Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has always played an effective role in improving entities' performance. Therefore, it was widely adopted in entities in developed and developing countries. As a relatively new form of banks in the banking sector, exploring the extent of implementation of the BSC perspectives in Islamic banks in developing countries, and its impact on their performance will shed the light on the weaknesses and strengths in the strategic planning systems in these banks. Accordingly, these banks could improve their strategic planning systems. To attain that, two integrated questionnaires were designed and distributed to 355 employees and clients in 3 Jordanian Islamic banks (JIBs). The results showed that the extent of implementation of the BSC perspectives in JIBs ranged between 55% - 93%. In addition, the results showed that there is a significance positive relationship between the BSC and the financial performance (ROA/ROE) of JIBs. Accordingly, the researcher recommended JIBs to increase their interest in implementing the BSC perspectives and to create an effective alignment between all perspectives of the BSC.
Analysis of Audit Opinion of Financial Statements From State Institutions: Indonesia Empirical Study, Period 2012-2017
Authors: Utami Fransisca Listyaningsih , Putra Yananto Mihadi , Sutra Tanjung Putri Renalita , Nugroho Lucky
Published: September 2020

This study aims to compare the results of BPK's opinion on the financial statements of state institutions against the quality of implementation of state institutions during 2012-2017. The results showed that the quality of LKKL presentation had improved throughout the 2012-2017 period. Improving the quality of financial reporting of state institutions can be seen from the increasing number of entities that obtain Unqualified Opinion and the tendency to reduce the number of the institution that obtain Qualified Opinion and Disclaimer opinions. Improving the quality of financial reporting shows that local government entities have been able to present their financial reports correctly and in accordance with applicable principles. In addition, good financial reporting can also be an indication that the entity has a good performance in accordance with the target that has been committed.
An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Use of English Prepositions by Vietnamese Learners of English
Authors: Nghi Tran Tin , Thang Nguyen Tat , Phuc Tran Huu
Published: September 2020

English prepositions play a significant role in helping students form a well-structured sentence in their learning and communicating. To help Vietnamese learners of English acquire their competence, the authors have done survey research to investigate the factors affecting the uses of English prepositions made by Vietnamese learners of English. The population included 200 female and 200 male participants. A total of 400 answers on the questions provided in the 100-question questionnaire were used for hypothesis testing. The items in the survey were given different weights, and the total attainable marks were 100. The results showed that Vietnamese intra-lingual interference strongly affected prepositional sense expressed by Vietnamese EFL learners. Genders, level of learning (low, intermediate, and advanced), writing and speaking, and cognitive embodiment also played a significant role in terms of language transfer, affecting the usage of English prepositions by EFL learners.
Procesos de centralización urbana: factores individuales y tipologías metropolitanas
Authors: Torrado José Manuel , Duque-Calvache Ricardo , Palomares-Linares Isabel
Published: September 2020

La vuelta a la ciudad constituye un fenómeno de gran interés. Algunos individuos y hogares buscan la centralidad, pese a que la tendencia general continúa siendo la expansión hacia lo suburbano. Nuestra aportación consiste en conectar los planteamientos de los estudios sobre comportamiento residencial con las explicaciones de la recuperación de los municipios centrales para valorar hasta qué punto las teorías explican la realidad de las ciudades metropolitanas españolas. Para ello, hemos empleado datos del censo de población de 2011 y modelos de regresión logística binaria. Nuestros datos confirman la capacidad explicativa de las variables descritas en la literatura, pero al mismo tiempo muestran un cierto sesgo: funcionan mejor en las áreas de gran tamaño que en las menores. No se trata de una mera cuestión de escala, sino de que las primeras están atravesando una fase de recentralización, en tanto que en las segundas encontramos un proceso de concentración.
Prácticas cartográficas para una geografía feminista: los mapas como herramientas críticas
Authors: Font-Casaseca Núria
Published: September 2020

Los cambios tecnológicos y conceptuales experimentados por la cartografía y los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) en las últimas décadas han redefinido el papel y las posibilidades de los mapas como herramientas de investigación. En este artículo analizamos las contribuciones producidas en el contexto de las geografías feministas para recalibrar el papel y el potencial de las representaciones cartográficas actuales. Por un lado, sus propuestas han logrado afirmar la necesidad de adoptar una posición reflexiva hacia los mapas, tanto en el momento de su producción como en su uso y efectos. Por otro lado, la apropiación de estas tecnologías cartográficas desde posiciones feministas ha logrado transformar las prácticas cartográficas de manera aplicada y estratégica. Al convertirlas en tecnologías compatibles con sus principios, contienen un enorme potencial para toda persona o colectivo que utilice los mapas y los SIG como herramientas críticas y emancipadoras.
Taxonomic Evaluation of Hedera crebrescens: A Potentially Invasive Ivy in Central Europe
Authors: Major Enikő Ibolya , Tóth Endre György , Bényei-Himmer Márta , Höhn Mária
Published: September 2020

Although Hedera helix is the only native ivy distributed in Central Europe, other ivy species are cultivated in this region and have horticultural importance, including H. hibernica, H. colchica, and H. azorica. On the basis of morphological, cytological, and phenological studies, a newly identified diploid species of ivy, H. crebrescens Bényei-Himmer & Höhn, was recently described from Hungary. Due to its high reproductive capacity and vigorous growth, this species can be considered a potentially invasive plant that could readily supplant H. helix in its native habitats. To characterize the molecular taxonomic status of H. crebrescens, we conducted a molecular genetic analysis based on five chloroplast and one nuclear DNA regions. Our phylogenetic reconstruction supported the monophyly of Hedera, with a tree topology similar to that previously obtained based on phylogenetic cpDNA analyses. Mediterranean species of ivy were well separated from the remainder of the European species, as well as from Asian species. Hedera crebrescens represented a single independent haplotype within the Asian–European cluster, whereas H. helix proved to be polyphyletic. The detected species-specific haplotype and invariability among studied specimens obtained from different geographical locations, provide support for the taxonomical autonomy of H. crebrescens.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław
Published: September 2020

The objective of the study, on the basis of problem literature, is the presentation of theoretical concepts referring to rural development and practical support programmes of these areas available in Poland and the European Union (EU). In this context, rural areas are presented as the reference area for development policies, with particular consideration for the Cohesion Policy (CP), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), including the EU Rural Area Development Programme (RADP). Among the theoretical rural development concepts, particular attention was devoted to sustainable and balanced development forming the basis for shaping practical development programmes and identifying new theoretical approaches. The latter encompassed the smart rural areas concept, the resilience concept, local development programming, bottom-up endogenous development and the neo-endogenous concept of open development. It was concluded that the LEADER and LEADER+ neo-endogenous concept is an effective form of supporting rural area development, especially after the fifth extension of the EU with Central and Eastern European countries.
Analysis of factors that affect the reporting of impairment losses on net fixed assets by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Hołda Artur , Staszel Anna
Published: September 2020

The paper aims to present the results of the authors’ own research, including an analysis of factors that may have a significant impact on reporting impairment losses of net fixed assets in the financial state-
ments of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. As part of the research, the authors tested the following hypotheses: (1) entities that prepare financial statements in accordance with IAS, (2) large entities, (3) production units, (4) entities that have been listed on the stock exchange for more than 13 years, and (5) entities in a poor financial condition are significantly more likely to make impairment losses. In the research, the hypotheses were verified by analyzing data contained in the financial statements of 148 com-panies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the years 2007−2014: a total of 1184 individual financial statements were analyzed using statistical testing. Audits may be important for the bodies that constitute accounting regulations, as well as for the users of financial statements in the broadest sense, in particular, auditors, accountants, and investors. The research broadens the cognitive achievements of the current re-search on the quality of year-end disclosure documents.
The motives of reverse acquisitions and rules of their settlement
Authors: Świetla Katarzyna , Toborek-Mazur Joanna
Published: September 2020

In recent years, there has been increasing talk about reverse acquisitions in capital concentration process-
es. These situations are associated with the use of certain economic, tax, and other privileges by compa-
nies that are often the initiator of such undertakings. The purpose of the article is, among others, to pre-
sent the premises that guide economic entities when making decisions about reverse acquisitions. It is a process in which there is a specific type of acquisition of control of one entity by another. In these cases, there is a reversal of typical relationships between entities involved in the merger, because the entities that have control over the entities that acquire them are taken over. The regulations of the Interna-
tional Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) No. 3 "Business Combinations" have a very important role in accounting for these processes. They allow for the proper recognition of these relationships. Based on numerical examples, the authors present the rules for accounting for such a combination. Thus, they confirm the role of accounting, which implements the principle of faithful and reliable presentation of this process. A critical analysis of the literature and legal regulations, as well as deductive reasoning, made it possible to determine the most important motives of this type of connection.
INCOME CONVERGENCE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Authors: Kryszak Łukasz
Published: September 2020

Agricultural income support is to remain one of the main objectives of the European Union (EU)’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020. Subsidies contribute to increases in income, but the occurrence of income convergence between member states remains questionable. The aim of this article was to assess the phenomenon of convergence of agricultural income (labour factor remuneration) against a background of income in the broader economy. Eurostat data for the years 2001-2019 were used. Convergences were searched for using basic methods (beta and sigma convergence tests), as well as a stochastic framework (Pesaran unit root test) and the robust Phillips and Sul convergence test for comparison. These analyses indicate that there is convergence in the EU’s agricultural sector, specifically in terms of labour compensation, but also that this convergence is merely relative. This means that while countries’ income growth rates converge, their real income levels do not move to the same level. This conclusion may be an argument for the need to further equalise direct payment rates. The Phillips and Sul test results indicate that incomes in the overall economy are characterised by divergence, but it is possible to identify four convergence clubs.
WORKING CAPITAL IN FAMILY FARMS. FINDINGS FROM FADN IN 2004-2018
Authors: Ryś-Jurek Roma
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article is an analysis of the level of net working capital, calculated on: an individual farm, the length of a cycle in days, share in assets, within the framework of management efficiency in EU agricultural farms included in the FADN database in 2004-2018. Data contains basic information on the situation of approximately 8,430 production and economic types in the EU in the abovementioned period. Firstly, the analysed objects are divided into four classes on the basis of the length of the NWC cycle expressed in days (negative value, up to half a year, more than half a year but less than a year and more than a year). The centres of gravity in these categories are estimated for selected production, economic and financial information with the use of the Gretl programme. The relationship between a relation of the NWC to assets and management efficiency is also estimated. A statistically significant and positive relationship is demonstrated in the case of three of four analysed classes. Therefore, the relation of the NWC to assets has an impact on the evolution of farm management efficiency. The factor differentiating the strength of that impact is the length of the net working capital cycle on the holding. It allows to formulate the concluding remark that as negative NWC can hardly be identified and the vast majority of farms maintains it within a 1 year period, the situation of agricultural farms can be assessed as safe in the management of the NWC.
Arbitrage in Political Prediction Markets
Authors: Stershic Andrew , Gujral Kritee
Published: September 2020

Online prediction markets are a powerful tool for aggregating information and show promise as predictive tools for uncertain outcomes, from sporting events to election results. However, these markets only serve as effective prediction tools so long as the market pricing remains efficient. We analyze the potential arbitrage profits derived from such mispricings in two leading American political prediction markets, PredictIt (for the 2016 and 2020 elections) and the Iowa Electronic Markets (for the 2016 election), to quantify the degree of mispricing and to show how market design can contribute to price distortion. We show that contracts hosted by PredictIt, compared to the IEM, are chronically mispriced, with large arbitrage profits in the 2016 election markets and non-negligible profits for the 2020 markets. We discuss the role of profit fees and contract limits, the primary differences between the PredictIt and IEM, in distorting pricing on PredictIt by limiting the ability of traders to capture arbitrage profits. Additionally, we examine the association between arbitrage and margin-linking, increased liquidity, and the number of unique contracts PredictIt's markets. This research provides cautionary evidence of potential inefficiencies in prediction markets with the intention of improving market implementation and enhancing market predictiveness.
Identificação de predadores sexuais brasileiros em conversas textuais na internet por meio de aprendizagem de máquina
Authors: Dos Santos Leonardo Ferreira , Guedes Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Nos dias de hoje um grande número de crianças e adolescentes tem usado aplicações sociais. De fácil acesso, essas aplicações promovem benefícios e oportunidades. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo, expõem os usuários à diferentes riscos, dentre os quais a atividade predatória sexual. A atividade predatória sexual possui diversas finalidades como a obtenção de pornografia infantil, a extorsão e o abuso sexual. O presente trabalho possui três objetivos principais: (i) criar um conjunto de dados de conversas textuais contendo atividade sexual predatória real para o português do Brasil; (ii) realizar uma análise estatística das conversas textuais presentes nesse conjunto de dados; (iii) realizar uma avaliação experimental considerando os algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina mais populares no domínio da pesquisa com o conjunto de dados construído. Essa avaliação considera a medida de F1 como base. Os resultados alcançados com as contribuições (i) e (ii) possibilitam que novos estudos possam se concentrar na problemática da identificação de predadores sexuais em conversas textuais para o português do Brasil. Os resultados obtidos com a contribuição (iii) evidenciam que as Máquinas de vetores de suporte obtiveram o melhor comportamento, apresentando um resultado de 89.87%.
The Making of a Petro-State
Authors: Kinyera Paddy
Published: September 2020

This book illustrates the ways in which Uganda is transforming into an oil producing country, framed here as a ‘petro-state’. In contrast to the term’s traditional usage, here ‘petro-state’ highlights the deliberate attempt to reorient the political economy of Uganda towards its future production of oil. The expectation of ‘petro-dollars’ has compelled the state to structurally change its institutional infrastructure and attempt to reconfigure the socio-economic and spatial orientation of the population. This book presents the power relations and the dynamic struggles entangling the key actors in the process of making oil production possible in Uganda. It takes a Foucauldian approach to the question of government and power to express how the oil-related projects of development in Uganda are meant to multi-dimensionally improve the population.

The author is a political geographer and currently a postdoctoral researcher involved in the ‘Africa Multiple’ Cluster of Excellence based at the University of Bayreuth, who has a keen interest in the politics of resource extraction in Sub-Saharan Africa, resource-related mobility struggles and the power matrix that produces contextually specific resource complexes.
Dialektik jenseits von Hegel und Corona
Authors: Heinrichs Johannes
Published: September 2020

For the first time since the alleged „Dialectic Materialism“, different types of reflection-logical Dialectics are derived from fundamental sense elements of awareness and made accessible for a philosophy of the future beyond materialism and idealism. The great dialectic of modern times, Hegel, has acted as a model for this theory, but not as the creator of a closed system and a flawed 'logic', based on assuming an objectivist „being“. In contrast, here Dialectics are introduced as integral structural logic: a methodological roster of questions for all spheres pf realty, not the least for a democracy of value levels, both a lesson and chance resulting from the Corona Crisis: What do we really value, in thought and in practice? In honour of Hegel to his 250th birthday, may this theory supersede his systematically?
The Organisation of Educational Space in the New Ukrainian School
Authors: Bilousova Nadiia V. , Hordiienko Tetiana V. , Demchenko Nataliia M. , Filonenko Olena S. , Bobro Artur A.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The paper covers the issue of organisation of educational space of primary education in the conditions of establishment of the NUS. The purpose of the study was to determine the specific features in the organisation of educational space in foreign educational institutions and to provide recommendations for the organisation of educational space of the NUS.
Background: The school begins with the organisation of new educational space as a carrier of symbolic information, which ensures additional opportunities for the cognitive, aesthetic, ethical development of the subjects of the educational process. The ideas of organising the educational space of foreign countries, with a clear division into the physical environment, curriculum, human factors, are embodied in the practice of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) to organise opportunities to meet the needs of the educational process while having its own features.
Method: The authors used communicative, cognitive, transformative, systematising and control methods of teaching during the research.
Results: The concept of "educational space" is described; models of organisation of educational space are presented. The paper provides the analysis of an array of works of scholars, which cover various aspects of the definition of educational space. The educational sources, which are determined by the Methodical recommendations on the organisation of the educational space of the New Ukrainian School, are analysed.
Conclusion: Recommendations are given to future primary school teachers on the organisation of educational space and educational sources in classrooms of modern primary school. The general conclusions concerning the investigated problem are formulated.
Fashioning of Students' Research Competence Through Technology of Project Activities
Authors: Khamzina Sholpan S. , Utilova Aigul M. , Shakenova Tattigul Zh. , Suleimenova Gulmira A. , Sarsembayeva Ella Y. , Bobizoda Gulomkodir Ðœ.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The authors provide justifications for changing the current education system, updating the teaching and methodological approach in school specialised education. The paper investigates the issue of fashioning students' research competence through the technology of project activities.
Background: Project activity has become widely used since it combines the theoretical and practical parts of the science under study, which allows to set up a connection between its components. Research competence is an integral feature of a student's personality, which manifests itself in a willingness to take an active research position.
Method: The authors conducted an experiment to study the problem of improving the quality of students' knowledge upon studying biology in senior school. The participants in the experiment were 120 students of the 10th and 11th years of a specialised school for children with psychological disorders.
Results: The authors developed a methodology for the fashioning of research competence. The results of the conducted pedagogical experiment confirmed the validity of the initial assumptions regarding the influence of the use of research teaching methods in biology lessons aimed at improving the quality of biological education.
Conclusion: Through project activities, students with intellectual disabilities learn to work in a team. Despite the fact that teamwork is uniting, each of the students learns to independently set the purpose and tasks of the study, analyse the sources presented, present the results of their activities to others. The main signs of project activity include the fact that students learn the technique and technology of working with the project. Project activity allows for the fashioning of students' research competence during the lesson, thereby enabling students to unleash their potential.
Making Disciplinary Research Audible
Authors: Smith Drew , Cook Meghan L. , Torrence Matt
Published: September 2020

Academic libraries have long consulted with faculty and graduate students on ways to measure the impact of their published research, which now include altmetrics. Podcasting is becoming a more viable method of publicizing academic research to a broad audience. Because individual academic departments may lack the ability to produce podcasts, the library can serve as the most appropriate academic unit to undertake podcast production on behalf of researchers. The article identifies what library staff and equipment are required, describes the process needed to produce and market the published episodes, and offers preliminary assessments of the podcast impact.
Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results
Authors: Grabus Sam
Published: September 2020

This research compares automatic subject metadata generation when the pre-1800s Long-S character is corrected to a standard < s >. The test environment includes entries from the third edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the HIVE automatic subject indexing tool. A comparative study of metadata generated before and after correction of the Long-S demonstrated an average of 26.51 percent potentially relevant terms per entry omitted from results if the Long-S is not corrected. Results confirm that correcting the Long-S increases the availability of terms that can be used for creating quality metadata records. A relationship is also demonstrated between shorter entries and an increase in omitted terms when the Long-S is not corrected.
What More Can We Do to Address Broadband Inequity and Digital Poverty?
Authors: Ayre Lori Bowen
Published: September 2020

While libraries have always worked to help breach the digital divide by providing free Internet access, public access computers and teaching media literacy, the current pandemic has made it abundantly clear that much more needs to be done. This article proposes ways that libraries might work with community, state, national and even global partners to help promote universal broadband.
In the Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity
Authors: Weinraub Lajoie Evviva
Published: September 2020

Message from the last LITA President.
Robert J. Coady’s The Soil and Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain: Taste, Nationalism, Capitalism, and New York Dada
Authors: Hubregtse Menno
Published: September 2020

Cet article émet l’hypothèse que Marcel Duchamp aurait choisi Fontain comme readymade parce cet objet brocardait l’appel de Robert J. Coady en faveur de l’art américain indigène. Coady, qui voyait dans le paysage industriel américain en effervescence une véritable source d’inspiration pour l’art de son pays, a largement fait état de son programme nationaliste dans sa revue The Soil. Fountain, un urinoir en porcelaine présenté au Salon des indépendants en avril 1917, semble se moquer de cette glorification des objets industriels qui pousse Coady à voir en ceux-ci d’authentiques formes artistiques américaines. Dans le même esprit, plusieurs articles de la revue The Blind Man publiée par Duchamp, Henri-Pierre Roché et Béatrice Wood parodient les déclarations patriotiques émises par Coady dans sa revue The Soil. Le présent article explique également pourquoi Coady n’a pas fait partie du mouvement New York Dada. Il y a été associé par erreur parce qu’il critiquait ouvertement l’art moderne américain. Ses prises de position contrastaient cependant avec les traits typiques du mouvement Dada : la rébellion contre le capitalisme, le patriotisme et toutes les traditions et institutions établies du monde de l’art.
Into the Primeval Slime: Body and Self in Redon’s Evolutionary Universe
Authors: Lucy Martha
Published: September 2020

Publié en 1883, l’album de lithographies Les Origines de Redon offre une vision fantastique et souvent cauchemardesque des origines de l’univers. Alors que cet album a souvent été étudié dans son rapport avec l’intérêt de Redon pour la science et l’évolution, cet article défend l’idée que Les Origines marquent un tournant historique crucial dans notre conception du corps et du moi et représentent de ce fait l’une des expressions les plus radicales et modernes de son époque. Tout au long de cet album, Redon attire notre attention sur le statut rétrogradé du corps sous la loi évolutionnaire : toujours entre deux catégories, toujours incomplet, le corps évolutionnaire est un corps désirant qui veut être, mais n’est jamais complètement.
Mapping the Body and the Brain: Neurology and Localization Theory in the Work of Rodin
Authors: Larson Barbara
Published: September 2020

Cet essai tente d’interpréter les formes expressives des sculptures de Rodin à la lumière des modèles médicaux du cerveau et du corps qui commencent à circuler vers la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Fondé sur la science neurologique, la théorie de la localisation stipulait que le cerveau se composait de sphères individuelles assumant des fonctions corporelles distinctes et que des canaux neurologiques spécifiques étaient reliés à ces zones particulières. La théorie de la localisation postulait que les activités du cerveau étaient compartimentées en se fondant sur la découverte que les deux côtés du cerveau n’étaient pas identiques. Se conformant à ces nouvelles théories, les figures de Rodin répondent à une multiplicité de stimuli internes, comme si diverses sensations, réactions et mouvements non totalement intégrés se produisaient simultanément. Alors qu’on doit à la neurologie la renaissance du concept du génie (artiste/poète) dément, le Penseur (artiste/poète) de Rodin adopte la posture emblématique de la mélancolie, traditionnellement associée à la fois au génie et à la pathologie. La théorie de la localisation et la neurologie ont servi de socle aux études sur les femmes hystérico-épileptiques menées par Jean-Martin Charcot. Dans Les Portes de l’Enfer de Rodin, juste en arrière du Penseur, on retrouve plusieurs figures de femmes damnées qui adoptent des postures associées à ce désordre.
Joséphin Péladan: Occultism, Catholicism, and Science in the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Di Pasquale Maria E.
Published: September 2020

Joséphin Péladan voyait le matérialisme scientifique comme la cause première de la décadence de la culture française. Il estimait qu’il encourageait la démocratisation et la laïcisation de la société ainsi que le goût pour le naturalisme dans les arts, des tendances qu’il détestait toutes. En accord avec sa philosophie rosicrucienne de la science occulte, formulée dans ses essais critiques et promulguée dans ses salons artistiques, il proposait à la place une idéologie hiérarchique et traditionnelle dont il espérait qu’elle ramènerait la culture française à l’état idéal pour lui, soit catholique et pré-républicain.
Symbolism, Mediumship, and the “Study of the Soul that has Constituted Itself as a Positivist Science”
Authors: Morehead Allison
Published: September 2020

Alors que la majorité des recherches sur la médium Hélène Smith s’intéresse à ses exploits linguistiques et à leur célébration dans les cercles surréalistes, cet article situe ses peintures réalisées en état de « transe » entre le surréalisme et le symbolisme et soutient que la créativité médiumnique a contribué à transformer la théorie symboliste en pratique visuelle. Vers la fin des années 1890, avant de faire l’objet de la fascination d’André Breton, Smith a « collaboré » avec le psychologue expérimental Théodore Flournoy qui fondait sa théorie de l’« imagination créative » sur les capacités extraordinaires de Smith. Lors de son étude du cas Smith, Flournoy a opéré entièrement à l’intérieur des paradigmes de la psychologie expérimentale française, qui a été institutionnalisée en France par le truchement d’une méthode pathologique. Les médiums et leurs phénomènes concomitants sont devenus des espaces critiques d’expérimentation, dans un esprit similaire à la triade tristement célèbre de sujets psychologiques—« les primitifs, les fous et les enfants »—préconisée par Théodule Ribot. Les phénomènes médiumniques dont fait partie la créativité inhabituelle étaient donc considérés comme une voie scientifique menant à la vérité sur la vie intérieure de l’être humain, en d’autres mots comme un moyen d’« objectiver le subjectif ». S’il n’est pas possible d’établir des liens directs entre l’oeuvre de Smith et celle d’artistes symbolistes comme les Nabis, les écrits de Jules Bois, en particulier son commentaire inspiré sur une « esthétique spiritiste », doivent se lire en lien avec la psychologie expérimentale française et la réévaluation par celle-ci du pathologique comme scientifiquement utile. Situer dans son contexte la place qu’occupait Hélène Smith à titre d’objet privilégié de la psychologie expérimentale française permet de jeter un éclairage sur les conditions intellectuelles requises pour que l’altérité devienne un espace d’investissement pour l’avant-garde.
Sir Charles Bell and the Anatomy of Expression
Authors: Neher Allister
Published: September 2020

Sir Charles Bell (1774–1842) était un brillant anatomiste et neurologue qui possédait un intérêt marqué pour la théorie de l’art de son époque. Ses recherches, publiées dans The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression as Connected with the Fine Arts, ont d’ailleurs grandement influencé la théorie de l’art puisqu’il démontrait que le mariage de l’art et de la science était, après tout, possible. Cet ouvrage, pourtant très bien reçu à l’époque, a pour ainsi dire disparu de la scène contemporaine de l’histoire de l’art. Il visait à mettre les recherches de son auteur en matière d’anatomie et de neurologie au service des artistes qui essayaient de représenter de manière naturaliste l’expressivité du corps. Selon Bell, le corps possède un langage tangible qui traduit les émotions et dont les signes, associés aux états psychologiques, sont facilement interprétables une fois une profonde connaissance de l’anatomie acquise. Il y éduque les artistes sur les fonctions des systèmes anatomiques, sur les limites qu’elles imposent sur la représentation du corps ainsi que sur les rudiments du langage des émotions.
Histoires d’enveloppe. Considérations médicales et artistiques sur la peau
Authors: Vinit Florence
Published: September 2020

The skin is both the most important organ of the human body and that which defïnes the physical exterior of an individual. The skin can be conceived as an envelope, representing personal finitude and as well as acting as a sign of subjective existence. This article examines representations of this "envelope" in Western culture, with a particular emphasis on contemporary art. Contemporary artists such as Pat Moore, Helmut Newton, Stelarc, Simon Costin, Orlan, and Gina Pane investigate the possibilities offered by biotechnology to eliminate the skin as a physical boundary and symbol of the body. By referencing the work of these artists, the author discusses how their imaginative engagement with the idea that skin is not a limit of the body can transform the way we view our "being in the world."
A “Lost” Ivory Casket in the Gort Collection at the Winnipeg Art Gallery
Authors: Bugslag James
Published: September 2020

Après avoir été longtemps oublié des chercheurs, un coffret d’ivoire provenant de la collection Gort de la Winnipeg Art Gallery, vient d’être identifié. Il s’agit d’un rare exemple d’un coffret de type « composite », décoré de diverses scènes romanesques et allégoriques, à avoir survécu dans son intégrité. Les doutes quant à son authenticité demeurent sans fondement. Des photographies du coffret de la collection Gort découvertes dans les archives du Victoria and Albert Museum permettent de mieux saisir le lieu d’origine du coffret et mettent en évidence l’assemblage très particulier des pièces d’ivoire qui reprend, dans ses principes, celui du coffret de la Châtelaine de Vergi du British Museum. Nous analysons l’iconographie des scènes décorant le coffret en regard de la réception de l’oeuvre et du processus d’adaptation des sources littéraires vers la sculpture en relief. De plus, nous démontrons que les particularités iconographiques et stylistiques de ce coffret reflètent une distanciation du milieu parisien qui jouait un rôle de premier plan dans la production d’ivoires profanes au XIVe siècle. Le coffret de la collection Gort serait en effet le fruit d’un atelier régional. Bien que nous ne puissions localiser de façon précise cet atelier, nous pouvons affirmer, en nous basant sur des affinités stylistiques et iconographiques, qu’il a aussi produit les ivoires de Niort et de Saint- Pétersbourg.
Art and the Gregorian Reform: Saints Peter and Clement in the Church of San Marco at Venice
Authors: Jessop Lesley
Published: September 2020

Dans la basilique Saint-Marc, à Venise, des mosaïques illustrant des événements dans la vie de saint Pierre et de saint Clément ornent les murs nord et sud des choeurs, au niveau de la galerie. Des recherches académiques antérieures ont porté sur le style, l’iconographie et la relation des mosaïques aux cycles consacrés à saint Marc, situés dans les voûtes, mais quelques questions fondamentales demeurent. Pierre est le saint titulaire du choeur nord ; il est souvent jumelé à Paul, et l’on s’entend pour dire que les deux choeurs ont été conçus pour aller ensemble. Pourquoi, donc, le choeur sud a-t-il été consacré à Clément ? Et quels sont les critères qui ont régi la combinaison de scènes montrant l’arrestation et l’évasion de prison de Pierre dans la chapelle nord, et Clément en train de célébrer la messe, accompagné de la tentative de capture de Sisinnius au sud ? Pour répondre à ces questions, le présent essai interprète les mosaïques dans le contexte des activités politiques et ecclésiastiques des Vénitiens dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle. Nous en arrivons à la conclusion que les mosaïques sont le reflet d’un ensemble de préoccupations étroitement liées qui animaient alors les Vénitiens : leur intérêt pour la succession, l’influence du mouvement de la réforme grégorienne et la participation du doge Domenico Michiel (1118–29) à la croisade réussie du pape Calixte II (1119–24).
Grace Pailthorpe et Reuben Mednikoff à Vancouver. La transmission du surréalisme au Canada anglais, 1942–1946
Authors: Larocque Yves M.
Published: September 2020

In July 1940, the British Surrealist artists Dr Grace W. Pailthorpe (also a prominent psychiatrist) and Reuben Mednikoff set sail for the United States. After a two-year stay in New York City and Berkeley in California, they moved in July 1942 to British Colombia, Canada, where Dr Pailthorpe accepted a position at the Provincial Mental Institute of Essondale. Later in Vancouver, she founded the Association for the Scientific Treatment of Delinquency and was invited with her husband by the Vancouver Art Gallery to exhibit their paintings and give a conference on Surrealism. This series of events made British Colombia the launching pad for Surrealism in Western Canada with one Surrealist exhibition and three conferences on Surrealism. One of these talks was even broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during the radio show Mirror for Women. Vancouver warmly welcomed Breton's movement in contrast to Toronto, which held a Surrealist exhibition at the 1938 Central National Exhibition. The reasons for Vancouver’s openness are twofold: most importantly, Pailthorpe’s association with science lent credibility; and Vancouver at the time was open to new ideas. This article focuses on the Canadian sojourn of these two important artists in the context of Canada’s adoption of Surrealist ideas (Automatism being the most important) and the publication of the CBC transcripts of Dr Pailthorpe’s seminar.
Theodulf of Orléans and the Ark of the Covenant: A New Allegorical Interpretation at Germigny-des-Prés
Authors: Mackie Gillian
Published: September 2020

L’iconographie unique de la mosaïque de l’abside créée par Théodulf, évêque d’Orléans, à l’oratoire de Germigny-des-Prés en 806, contient le seul sujet hébreu et non chrétien à y avoir survécu sur un autel chrétien : une image de l’Arche d’Alliance, encadrée de deux chérubins, fidèle aux textes de l’Ancien Testament. L’image est analysée non seulement dans son sens littéral en tant qu’illustration historique d’un texte, mais aussi en rapport avec les nombreuses allégories de l’Arche qui firent l’objet de discussions exégétiques à l’époque. Des preuves sont fournies à l’effet que, parmi les multiples strates de sens coexistant sous la surface de cette image, pourrait exister une Vierge Marie trônant entre deux chérubins et que Théodulf, malgré l’absence d’éloges à la Vierge Marie dans ses propres textes, aurait pu inscrire – en vertu de son passé, de ses intérêts et de sa formation – cette allégorie cachée dans l’image non iconique qu’il avait érigée au-dessus de son autel. Ainsi, dans ses dévotions personnelles, pouvait-il saluer la Vierge en conformité avec sa position iconophobe et dans le respects êtres saints de sa foi.
Jacques Villon and the Tovell Family: A Canadian Connection with Modernism
Authors: Parke-Taylor Michael
Published: September 2020

De la fin des années 1920 et tout au long des années 1930, le docteur Harold Tovell, radiologue de Toronto, et son épouse Ruth Massey Tovell, cousine du Gouverneur général du Canada Vincent Massey, ont été mécènes et ont entretenu des relations internationales dans le but d’introduire le modernisme avant-gardiste européen au Canada. Par des contacts avec la mécène américaine Katherine Dreier et la Société Anonyme, le docteur Tovell et Lawren Harris, peintre du Groupe des Sept, ont participé à la présentation de la première exposition d’importance consacré à l’art moderne à Toronto, en 1927. C’était à l’époque où les Tovell étaient proches du critique d’art américain Walter Pach et du cercle de Marcel Duchamp. Un des frères de Duchamp, le maître du modernisme français Jacques Villon, est devenu un ami de la famille. Le présent essai examine la relation des Tovell avec Villon, leur place dans les débuts des collections d’oeuvres d’art modernistes européennes à Toronto et le rôle clé qu’ils ont joué dans les premières années du Musée des beaux-arts de l’Ontario.
Body Politics and the Art of Norval Morrisseau
Authors: Robertson Carmen
Published: September 2020

L’artiste Anishnaabe Norval Morrisseau utilise un langage visuel unique pour construire symboliquement des corps, alliant expressions formelles et culturelles dans plusieurs de ses oeuvres. Le présent texte explore l’engagement de Morrisseau envers la colonisation, telle qu’elle s’inscrit sur le corps. Ses figures incarnent le message politique de Morrisseau, alors qu’il exploite adroitement forme et médium pour aborder, de manière critique, la politique du corps autochtone. Les corps expriment en termes visuels les points de vue divergents créés par la colonisation de même que l’ambiguïté de l’hybridité culturelle. Dans un style autochtone qui montre les mécanismes intérieurs du corps, Morrisseau commente l’histoire troublante de la colonisation canadienne, l’héritage de la variole et les relations entre les Autochtones et le courant dominant, tout en renvoyant aux traditions artistiques anishnaabe. Ainsi, pour Morrisseau, le corps devient un site politique.