bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Religiosity during Adolescence among European Children of Immigrants: Towards or Away from the Mainstream
Authors: van der Does Tamara
Published: June 2021

Immigration theorists argue that religion in Europe is a source of social cleavage, a “bright boundary” separating Muslim immigrants from non-Muslims (Alba 2005; Zolberg and Woon 1999). This dynamic can lead to salient religious identities and subsequent heightened religiosity. I use latent growth analysis to model changes in religiosity in early adolescence using the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey of Four European Countries. Even as they secularize, I find that Christian children of immigrants assign more importance to religion compared to natives, a difference that does not decrease over time. Muslim children of immigrants are not only more attached to religion but participate more in religious communities over time, diverging from other second-generation immigrants. However, Muslim religiosity does not impede engagement with the mainstream, but may instead foster the development of a Muslim European pan-ethnic identity.
Statistical Downscaling and Projection of Future Temperature and Precipitation Change in Gandaki Basin
Authors: Shrestha Dibas , Sharma Shankar , Bhandari Sandeep , Deshar Rashila
Published: June 2021

Understanding the present and future spatial and temporal variations of precipitation and temperature is important for monitoring climate-induced disasters. Satellite and global reanalysis data can provide evenly distributed climate data; however, they are still too coarse to resolve fundamental processes over complex terrains. The study applies global climate model CGCM4/CANESM2, to project future maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation across the cross-section of the Gandaki River basin, Nepal. Large scale atmospheric variables of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR) datasets are downscaled using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) under different emission scenarios. For the variability and changes in maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and precipitation for future periods (2020s, 2050s, and 2080s), three different scenarios RCP2.6, RC4.5, and RCP8.5 of CGCM4 model were performed. The study revealed that both the temperature and precipitation would increase for three RCPs (representative concentration pathways) in the future. The highest increase in precipitation was found in the arid region compared to humid and sub-humid regions by the end of 2100. Similarly, the increase in mean monthly Tmin and Tmax was more pronounced in Jomsom station than Baglung and Dumkauli stations. Overall, a decrease in summer temperature and increase in winter temperature was expected for future periods across all regions. Further, spatial consistency was observed for Tmax and Tmin, whereas spatial consistency was not found for precipitation.
Anticancer Potency of Copper(I) Complexes Against a Range Cancer Cell Lines: A Review
Authors: Singh Narendra Kumar , Yadav Paras Nath
Published: June 2021

The copper(I) complexes of N,N-diimine, N,O- and/or N, S-bidentate systems perform significant dose-dependent anticancer activity toward various cell lines viz. MCF-7, LNCap, PSN-1, A431, BxPC3, H157, A2780, HeLa, MDA-MB231, MGC-803 etc. The copper(I) complexes can cross the cellular plasmalemma that results in the accumulation of copper ion  in the cancer cells, exhibit significant anticancer effect and overcome the multidrug resistance because these can slightly induce the DNA cleavage as a result of limited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copper(I) complexes exhibit significantly higher broad-spectrum antiproliferation and cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway than that of their corresponding Cu(II), Co(II), Pd(II), and Ni(II) complexes. The copper(I) complexes inhibit the cancer cells not only via ROS generation but also via DNA interactions possibly by attacking the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA due to their oxidative and partial dissociation behavior. Copper(II/I) complexes are also able to cleave DNA by hydrolytic pathway and induce caspase-dependent-mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis by ROS production or blocking the progression of cell cycles. In many cases, the modification in organic moiety and the placement of electronegative substituent near the metallic center of complexes have been found to enhance their anticancer potency in a significant manner. Thus copper(I) complexes may be used as the better anticancer drugs with multiple modes of action compared to the copper(II) complexes due to having oxidative behavior and generation of empty site on copper(I) ion during partial dissociation.
Theoretical fundamentals of development of the innovation theory
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Tushkevych O. S.
Published: June 2021

Theoretical aspects of innovation theory and its categorical apparatus are considered in the article. Development of ideas about the place and importance of innovation in the spread of innovative theories and approaches to the categories of "innovation" and "innovative development" are analyzed. Own reasoning is presented and own definition of investigated terms that based on the analysis is given. Knowing of theoretical essentials of innovations will enable to create an effective system of management of innovation processes at the enterprise. From this point of view it is expedient to consider the definitions of innovations and their classification. In given article, an author reveals the notions of innovation and innovation process that exist in economic literature by now, considers existing classifications of innovations. An author also gives his own classification of innovations, reveals his understanding of notion of innovation. Currently, the term "innovation" is found everywhere. It has become especially widespread in the sphere of production, although it is not limited to it and applies to almost all areas of human activity. The world and domestic economy form a new paradigm of development, which is based on the growing relationship between socio-economic development of society and new technologies, the global nature of the creation and use of research and development. The creation and implementation of innovations becomes the main internal factor and the key to uture economic growth. As world experience shows, the successful use of scientific and technological progress can significantly affect the course of economic processes and significantly accelerate them. The term "innovative development" consists of two categories – "innovation" and "development". As they are widely used in almost all fields of knowledge and areas of activity, they do not have an unambiguous definition and are the subject of research by domestic and foreign scientists of various profiles.
LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR STIMULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Mosalygin Viacheslav Olegovich
Published: June 2021

For more than 15 years, a significant part of the budget revenues of the Russian Federation have been tax revenues from the sale of hydrocarbons, in particular oil and natural gas. Despite the desire of our government to minimize its dependence on oil and gas revenues, the government continues to implement measures to encourage both small and large companies by providing some tax-related benefits, thereby encouraging the fields to further develop and expand.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kadın Algısı Yordayıcıları: Kadın Cinayetlerine Yönelik Atıflar ile Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik
Authors: Altıngöz Feyza , Barut Yaşar
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma kapsamında kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflar ile çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliğin üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın algılarını yordadığı düşünülerek çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Böylece Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 285 bireyle çalışılmış ve son olarak 275 veri elde edilmiştir (204 kadın, 71 erkek). Gülmez ve arkadaşları (2017) tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış olan “Kadın Algısı Ölçeği” üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın algısı düzeylerini ölçmek için kullanılmıştır. Kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflarını ölçmek için ise Üzümçeker ve Akfırat (2018)’in çalışmalarında kullanmak üzere geliştirdikleri “Kadın Cinayetlerine Yönelik Atıflar Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Son olarak ise Glick ve Fiske tarafından 1996 yılında geliştirilen ve Sakallı-Uğurlu (2002) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği” üniversite öğrencilerinin çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliklerini ölçmek amacıyla bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın algılarının yordayıcıları olan kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıfları ile çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik düzeylerinin ölçülmesinde Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yapılırken bu değişkenlerle çeşitli bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi için bağımsız örneklemler t – testi ve One Way ANOVA analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgulardan elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflar ile çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik düzeylerinin üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın algılarını anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca yaşa göre kadın algısı, kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflar ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik düzeylerinin üniversite öğrencilerinde farklılaşma göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin kadın algısı, kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflar ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik düzeylerinin cinsiyetlerine göre yalnızca çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilikte farklılaşma gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadın algısı, kadın cinayetlerine yönelik atıflar ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik düzeylerinin romantik ilişki durumlarına göre üniversite öğrencilerinde farklılaşmadığı görülmüş ve yaşanılan yerlere göre de bu sonuçta herhangi bir değişme yaşanmamıştır.
Secondary parkinsonism caused by chronic subdural hematomas owing to compressed cortex and a disturbed cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit: illustrative case
Authors: Fukumura Masao , Murase Sho , Kuroda Yuzo , Nakazawa Kazutomo , Gon Yasufumi
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a commonly encountered condition in neurological and neurosurgical practice, but the presence of concomitant parkinsonism is extremely rare. Basal ganglia disturbance is a well-known underlying mechanism; however, few cases present with cerebral cortex compression as the cause of symptoms.

OBSERVATIONS

A 52-year-old man was referred to the authors’ hospital with a 5-week history of gait disturbance and suspected Parkinson’s disease. Neurological examination revealed a mask-like face, stooped posture, left-predominant rigidity, and postural instability. The authors initiated dopamine agonist administration, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was scheduled. One week later, MRI showed bilateral CSDHs. The hematomas markedly compressed the bilateral cerebral cortex, whereas the midbrain and basal ganglia structures were intact. The patient underwent burr hole drainage and was discharged after 9 days without sequelae.

LESSONS

CSDH can cause parkinsonism by compressing the cerebral cortex, which is a part of the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit. Surgery leads to positive outcomes, as illustrated by this case, in which cerebral cortex compression caused parkinsonism.
Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive PMTCT clients: Baseline findings from an operations research study
Authors: Baek Carolyn , Rutenberg Naomi
Published: June 2021

Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women is an effective approach to reducing pediatric HIV infection and vital to meeting HIV-positive women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Although contraceptive services for HIV-positive women is one of the cornerstones of a comprehensive program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a review of PMTCT programs found that implementers have not prioritized family planning (FP). While there is increasing awareness about the importance of FP and HIV integration, data about FP from PMTCT clients are lacking. The Horizons Program is conducting an operations research study testing several community-based strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a densely settled urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Strategies being piloted include moving PMTCT services closer to the population via a mobile clinic and increasing psychosocial support for HIV-positive women. This research update presents key findings about FP at PMTCT sites, including the interaction between providers and clients as well as HIV-positive women’s fertility desires and demand for contraceptives, from the baseline cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with postpartum women.
INVESTASI PENDIDIKAN MEMUTUS RANTAI KEMISKINAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Wicaksono Bayu Rhamadani , Aliem Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Pembangunan di segala lini sedang gencar dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah demi kesejahteraan rakyat, termasuk di ruang lingkup Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Tidak hanya dalam bentuk monumental, seperti bangunan infrastruktur, namun juga membangun sumber daya manusia, seperti investasi di sektor pendidikan. Investasi pendidikan diharapkan mampu memutus rantai kemiskinan yang masih membelenggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pendidikan dan kemiskinan di Sulawesi Selatan. Data yang digunakan adalah data 24 kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2017-2019 yang dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Random Effects Model (REM) dan hasilnya sebagai berikut. Variabel Angka Partisipasi Kasar (APK) SLTA sederajat dan Angka Melek Huruf (AMH) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Sulawesi Selatan. Sedangkan variabel Angka Partisipasi Murni (APM) SLTA sederajat memiliki pengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Sulawesi Selatan. Pemerintah diharapkan dapat melanjutkan kebijakan di sektor pendidikan yang telah berjalan dengan baik sehingga dapat memberikan kesempatan yang sama kepada penduduk untuk mengakses pendidikan.
GAMBARAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK PENDUDUK DI INDONESIA
Authors: SATRIAWAN DODI
Published: June 2021

Merokok merupakan kebiasaan yang dapat merusak kesehatan dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit yang dapat berakibat kepada terjadinya morbiditas maupun mortalitas dimana Angka Kematian Kasar (CDR) merupakan salah satu parameter mortalitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Angka Kematian Kasar di Indonesia serta gambaran penduduk yang merokok di Indonesia menurut jenis kelamin, kegiatan seminggu terakhir, keluhan kesehatan dan  kebiasaan merokok satu bulan terakhir dan sebelum satu bulan terakhir. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data SUSENAS Maret 2019 dan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa penurunan CDR Indonesia lebih cepat dibandingkan Dunia. Dari hasil olah data SUSENAS tahun 2019 diketahui bahwa mayoritas kebiasaan merokok dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan hanya sebagian kecil perempuan, hanya sebagian kecil saja dari perokok aktif yang mengalami keluhan kesehatan namun terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan persentase keluhan kesehatan bagi penduduk yang punya kebiasaan merokok yang dilakukan setiap hari sebelum satu bulan terakhir (periode pencacahan SUSENAS), serta terdapat sejumlah perokok aktif yang merokok setiap hari dari kalangan penduduk yang berstatus mengurus rumah tangga.
MULTILABEL OVER-SAMPLING AND UNDER-SAMPLING WITH CLASS ALIGNMENT FOR IMBALANCED MULTILABEL TEXT CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Taha Adil Yaseen , Tiun Sabrina , Abd Rahman Abdul Hadi , Sabah Ali
Published: June 2021

Simultaneous multiple labelling of documents, also known as multilabel text classification, will not perform optimally if the class is highly imbalanced. Class imbalanced entails skewness in the fundamental data for distribution that leads to more difficulty in classification. Random over-sampling and under-sampling are common approaches to solve the class imbalanced problem. However, these approaches have several drawbacks; the under-sampling is likely to dispose of useful data, whereas the over-sampling can heighten the probability of overfitting. Therefore, a new method that can avoid discarding useful data and overfitting problems is needed. This study proposes a method to tackle the class imbalanced problem by combining multilabel over-sampling and under-sampling with class alignment (ML-OUSCA). In the proposed ML-OUSCA, instead of using all the training instances, it draws a new training set by over-sampling small size classes and under-sampling big size classes. To evaluate our proposed ML-OUSCA, evaluation metrics of average precision, average recall and average F-measure on three benchmark datasets, namely, Reuters-21578, Bibtex, and Enron datasets, were performed. Experimental results showed that the proposed ML-OUSCA outperformed the chosen baseline random resampling approaches; K-means SMOTE and KNN-US. Thus, based on the results, we can conclude that designing a resampling method based on the class imbalanced together with class alignment will improve multilabel classification even better than just the random resampling method.
The Analysis of Factors Affecting Preparation Level for the Industry 4.0 Era in the COVID-19 Pandemic on Employees in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Setiadi Rianti , Franky Franky
Published: June 2021

This study analyses significant factors affecting the level of preparation for the industry 4.0 era related to anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic on employees in DKI Jakarta. Apart from being influenced by the anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of preparation for the industry 4.0 is also differentiated by gender, age, education, marital status, decreasing income, and loyalty. Therefore, companies can arrange the planning related to preparing the industry 4.0 during the COVID-19 pandemic if those factors have been figured out. This study used a quantitative method, and the population of this study is full-time employees in DKI Jakarta. The sample was selected by using the snowball sampling technique distributed to 12 companies in DKI Jakarta. The distribution was conducted through the WhatsApp application for a month, and it was gained 228 respondents.  Snowball sampling technique used in correlation with the implementation of large-scale social restrictions caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The data analysis used a multiple linear regression model. The results show that factors affecting the level of employees’ preparation in DKI Jakarta for industry 4.0 related to the anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic are loyalty and a decrease in income.
Enhancing Professional Practice and Professionalism among Canadian Rural Paramedics
Authors: Grenier Mathieu , van Vuuren Julia , Spelten Evelien
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The scope of paramedic practice is being redefined and expanded. Professional development and clinical expertise are not only necessary for paramedics to perform their clinical functions and operational responsibilities, they are at the very core of their professionalisation. Professionalisation is a complex process, and the degree to which it can accomplished will impact society's perception of the profession – and its trust in it – for years to come. This study investigated ways to enhance professional practice, from the point of view of the main healthcare providers in a rural area of Ontario, Canada.

Methods

A qualitative analysis informed by action research methodology was used. The research design was staged and consisted of focus groups and a World Café. The data were coded and organised into themes, using thematic analysis, and were triangulated with the literature.

Results

Three key themes emerged from the World Café and focus group conversations including current enablers of professionalisation; system components that promote professionalism; and community of practice to support professional development and clinical expertise.

Conclusion

Paramedic practice is evolving. This should be reflected in clinical practice and education, and more paramedic-led research. Paramedic training may need to move from the college to the university environment to reflect equal standing with colleagues in the broader healthcare system. This study shows strong motivation among paramedics and management to enhance professional practice and professionalism. To achieve this, a culture of trust, developing engagement and communication strategies and establishing a community of practice are crucial.
Alopecia Areata in Down Syndrome: Treatment With Systemic Steroid
Authors: Hye Mohammad A
Published: June 2021

Down syndrome is the most common congenital abnormality affecting numerous organs including skin and is associated with an increased incidence of alopecia areata. Down syndrome is an extensively researched condition but alopecia areata seldom received appropriate attention. Alopecia areata in Down syndrome is very refractory to treatment and there are only few relevant published data are available in medical literature. Two cases of alopecia areata associated with Down syndrome are presented here. These patients were treated with a short course of prednisolone; a good result was observed in one case but that was unsatisfactory in another case. The disease relapses in both cases within few months of treatment.

CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 43-46
Una perspectiva ontosemiótica de los problemas y métodos de investigación en educación matemática
Authors: Godino Juan D. , Batanero Carmen , Burgos María , Gea María M.
Published: June 2021

Una crítica tradicional a la investigación científica en el campo educativo ha sido la desconexión con la práctica docente, motivada por el fraccionamiento de los problemas de investigación. Para resolver esta disociación, las investigaciones de diseño instruccional plantean problemáticas de tipo predictivo más próximas a dicha práctica, pero deben ser complementadas con una interfaz que aporte los componentes valorativos y normativos que se deducen de la aplicación eficiente de los resultados de la literatura previa. En este trabajo usaremos algunas herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico (EOS) para esbozar una agenda de investigación que tiene en cuenta los componentes científico (descriptivo, explicativo y predictivo) y tecnológico (valorativo y normativo) de la investigación didáctica. Asimismo, describimos las herramientas metodológicas que aporta el EOS para abordar los mencionados problemas, en particular la noción de idoneidad didáctica que sirve de nexo entre el componente científico-tecnológico y la práctica de la enseñanza.
Influence of summer great cyclones on sea ice concentration and area in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Li H , Zhu Q , Ke CQ , Wang D , Shen X
Published: June 2021

Summer Arctic cyclones occur frequently in the Arctic Ocean and play an important role in sea ice variability. We used a reanalysis dataset and sea ice concentration data to identify and track summer great Arctic cyclones and to quantitatively analyse the contribution of cyclones to variations in sea ice concentration and area. We further explored the process of how cyclones influence sea ice via sea surface temperature, radiation, sea ice motion and ice deformation. The results indicate that cyclones accelerate decreases in sea ice concentration and area. The higher the values of the sea ice concentration index (ratio of maximum variation in sea ice concentration change rate to the minimum value of sea ice concentration change rate caused by the cyclone) and sea ice area responsivity (ratio of sea ice area change caused by cyclones to total sea ice area change) are, the greater is the contribution of cyclones to sea ice reduction. Over time, sea ice concentration decreases, and the impacts of cyclones on sea ice concentration are enhanced. During summer great cyclones, a strong low-pressure system and wind stress lead to increases in sea ice motion, ice divergence and changes in sea surface temperature and net radiation, promoting decreases in sea ice concentration and area. This study aids in the prediction of short-term sea ice change, and is beneficial to the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice models.
Biological traits of benthic macrofauna show sizebased differences in response to bottom trawling intensity
Authors: McLaverty C , Dinesen GE , Gislason H , Brooks ME , Eigaard OR
Published: June 2021

Bottom trawling results in widespread impacts to the structure and composition of benthic communities. Although an ecosystem approach to fisheries management aims to conserve marine biodiversity and ecosystem function, there remains a lack of empirical evidence regarding the effects of trawling on benthic functional properties. Here, we examined the sensitivity of benthic macrofauna communities to trawling using their biological traits, and compared trait responses across size-categories and survey types. We collected 84 benthic soft-sediment samples by Van Veen grab (0.1 m2) in the Kattegat in 2016, and complemented with 827 Haps cores (0.0143 m2) gathered over a long-term monitoring programme between 2006 and 2013. By analysing trait response in 3 size categories (small: 1-4 mm fraction; large: ≥4 mm fraction; full community: all individuals combined), we demonstrate a size-dependent effect of trawling on benthic trait composition, where the traits of large-bodied fauna (≥4 mm) were more sensitive. Specifically, larger sessile, deep-living, suspension-feeding, tube-dwelling, subsurface deposit-feeding, burrow-dwelling, and long-lived (≥10 yr) individuals were among the most affected. Our results based on large fauna were largely in agreement with trait responses observed in the multi-year monitoring data, suggesting that trait data gathered from a targeted one-time sampling event can convey information on both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) trawling impacts. Given that most trawling impact assessments do not consider size-based effects, we outline how size-separating the community can be used to improve the detectability of trawling impacts, and provide new insights into the functional impacts of fishing on the seabed.
A REVIEW ON FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION THAT USES MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Patel Maulin , Patel Manisha
Published: June 2021

For a computer, identification of human emotion
from a still image of the human face is a complex,
challenging, and heavily calculative task. Classification of
human emotion is done by using a different combination of
convolutional neural networks (CNN) that task is known
as Facial Emotion Recognition (FER). CNN model is
achieved by training and testing on lots of same categorical
images from the dataset using different hyperparameter
tuning. The main contribution of this work is to look for
various CNN architectures, hyperparameter tuning and
compare the performance of those CNN models based on
accuracy and loss while training and testing on Facial
Emotion Recognition. This study shall help to provide a
guide for the selection of an appropriate CNN model and
tuning parameter according to the needs of the applicant.
50 years Institute for Nuclear Research: exploring the high-energy universe
Authors: Spiering C
Published: June 2021

This article is an attempt to review 50 years of high-energy cosmic particle physics at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is written by an outsider whose scientific career, to a large part, was shaped by collaborating with INR scientists in the late 1980s and 1990s. The review covers the fields of cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and high-energy neutrino physics. The main focus will be on INR’s large facilities in the Baksan Valley and at Lake Baikal. Research at these facilities is accompanied by participation in top experiments at different places around the world: recently, the Telescope Array in the USA and the LHAASO detector in China.
»To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.«
Authors: Pfandl-Buchegger Ingrid , Rottensteiner Gudrun
Published: June 2021

Focussing on the double meaning of the concept of »movement« as both physical and emotional movement within the interdisciplinary frame of literary and dance studies, this paper examines the complex connections between the representation of emotional and dance movements in Jane Austen’s novel ‚Pride and Prejudice‘ (1813) by tracing an aesthetics of restraint, reticence and control (in compliance with the code of conduct promoted by contemporary dance treatises) in Austen’s writing: in the depiction of emotions in her text, in (the delineation of) her characters’ physical and emotional behaviour, and in the almost complete absence of references to dance per se and to dancemovements in her dance scenes. Dance scenarios are mainly used to provide implicit kinetic and cultural information for the representation of her characters’ sentiments.
Editorial
Authors: Shiozaki Marcos Paulo , Gabriel Nilson Lucas Dias
Published: June 2021

Algumas pessoas nos questionaram sobre a informalidade das “conversas”, ao batizarmos essa revista. Queriamos dar uma ideia de maior informalidade frente ao imaginário das formalidades que envolvem uma Ciência. O campo científico, óbvio, tem que ser formal e rigoroso em relação aos seus diversos componentes e as suas mais variadas responsabilidades. Entetanto, visto as necessidades nesse nosso contexto, achamos que o nome “Conversas em Psicologia” poderia se apresentar mais agradável e convidativo . A criação de uma revista científica representa um desafio e uma atividade de resistência frente aos tempos em que estamos inseridos. Nesse tempo estranho, observamos, atônitos, assuntos “mais que” superados regressarem e outros assuntos “absurdos” surgirem, e recheados de ideias toscas, afrontarem o nosso campo científico. Portanto, achamos que uma boa “conversa” inicial pode ser um bom passo para combater esse terrível obscurantismo. Para tanto, agradecemos cada pessoa da Comissão que nos deu muita força para a criação desse periódico. Agradecemos também cada autor que contribuiu cedendo seus textos para a construção dessa revista. Aproveitando o ensejo, nos desculpamos também pela demora em estarmos - finalmente - publicando.
Luto antecipatório em pacientes com micose fungóide
Authors: Sousa Daniele Batista de , Vieira Marcus Vinicius da Silva , Catani Júlia
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A Micose Fungóide (MF) é muito além de uma doença crônica não-transmissível, é uma palavra que define diversas manifestações físicas e psicológicas que afetam o indivíduo tanto direta quanto indiretamente. Objetivo: Investigar as emoções vivenciadas e como se dá a experiência potencial de luto antecipatório ou melancolia para o indivíduo que depara-se com a MF. Métodos: Pesquisa de campo qualitativa descritiva transversal com quatro pessoas entrevistadas individualmente, membros de grupo informal de pacientes com MF. Através de análise do discurso de cada participante foi possível criar três categorias acerca do luto antecipatório, sendo: 1. Fases do Luto, 2. Mecanismos de Defesa e, 3. Câncer como “sentença de morte”. Resultados e Discussão: A discussão buscou articular os momentos pelos quais os pacientes estão vivendo as fases do luto de Kubler-Ross. Considerações Finais: A presença das fases do luto ocorreu de forma oscilante na análise do discurso, isto é, foi possível observar mais de uma fase concomitante. No que se refere aos mecanismos de defesa, um movimento semelhante também ocorreu. Ainda que presentes, não foi possível classificá-los de modo específico. Na utilização destes recursos psíquicos constatamos a vivência do luto antecipatório, ou seja um sofrimento por parte dos pacientes diante da constatação do diagnóstico.
STAS Domain Only Proteins in Bacterial Gene Regulation
Authors: Moy Brian E. , Seshu J.
Published: June 2021

Sulfate Transport Anti-Sigma antagonist domains (Pfam01740) are found in all branches of life, from eubacteria to mammals, as a conserved fold encoded by highly divergent amino acid sequences. These domains are present as part of larger SLC26/SulP anion transporters, where the STAS domain is associated with transmembrane anchoring of the larger multidomain protein. Here, we focus on STAS Domain only Proteins (SDoPs) in eubacteria, initially described as part of the Bacillus subtilisRegulation of Sigma B (RSB) regulatory system. Since their description in B. subtilis, SDoPs have been described to be involved in the regulation of sigma factors, through partner-switching mechanisms in various bacteria such as: Mycobacterium. tuberculosis, Listeria. monocytogenes, Vibrio. fischeri, Bordetella bronchiseptica, among others. In addition to playing a canonical role in partner-switching with an anti-sigma factor to affect the availability of a sigma factor, several eubacterial SDoPs show additional regulatory roles compared to the original RSB system of B. subtilis. This is of great interest as these proteins are highly conserved, and often involved in altering gene expression in response to changes in environmental conditions. For many of the bacteria we will examine in this review, the ability to sense environmental changes and alter gene expression accordingly is critical for survival and colonization of susceptible hosts.
Implementing the Soil Enrichment Protocol at Scale: Opportunities for an Agricultural Carbon Market
Authors: Jackson Hammond Angelyca A. , Motew Melissa , Brummitt Charles D. , DuBuisson Max L. , Pinjuv Guy , Harburg Daniel V. , Campbell Eleanor E. , Kumar Ashok A.
Published: June 2021

High-quality agricultural carbon credits that incentivize regenerative practices can help address climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement and CO2 sequestration. Generating large volumes of such credits requires rigorous crediting methodologies. The Soil Enrichment Protocol (SEP) by the Climate Action Reserve (CAR) aims to unlock this type of crediting potential. The SEP includes new expert-driven standards for validating the use of soil biogeochemical modeling to generate credits. Technical experts at Indigo Ag participated in the SEP working group and are supporting implementation of the first project, CAR 1459_RP1, on hundreds of thousands of acres in the US. The authors share their thoughts on new approaches enabled by the SEP as both contributors to the theory behind and practitioners of these approaches. The SEP enables scalable, high-quality credits through four main advances: (1) allowing flexibility in the use of biogeochemical models that meet explicit performance requirements, (2) enabling a new approach to field-level, modeled baselines, (3) supporting a hybrid approach of credit generation using both soil measurement and modeling, and (4) requiring a new type of credit uncertainty quantification that accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty. Together these advances support agricultural credit quantification that enables payments to offset transitional costs for growers, at large enough scales to create a robust market, with a level of rigor that ensures any credited emission reductions have real climate impact. Innovations in soil analyses, advances in research, and improvements in data collection could further improve the potential for agricultural carbon credits to scale.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Varying Impact on Immune Responses in Phorbol 12-Myristate-13-Acetate-Mediated THP-1 Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Pinto Sneha M. , Kim Hera , Subbannayya Yashwanth , Giambelluca Miriam S. , Bösl Korbinian , Ryan Liv , Sharma Animesh , Kandasamy Richard K.
Published: June 2021

Macrophages are sentinels of the innate immune system, and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 is one of the widely used in vitro models to study inflammatory processes and immune responses. Several monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation protocols exist, with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) being the most commonly used and accepted method. However, the concentrations and duration of PMA treatment vary widely in the published literature and could affect the probed phenotype, however their effect on protein expression is not fully deciphered. In this study, we employed a dimethyl labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach to determine the changes in the protein repertoire of macrophage-like cells differentiated from THP-1 monocytes by three commonly used PMA-based differentiation protocols. Employing an integrated network analysis, we show that variations in PMA concentration and duration of rest post-stimulation result in downstream differences in the protein expression and cellular signaling processes. We demonstrate that these differences result in altered inflammatory responses, including variation in the expression of cytokines upon stimulation with various Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Together, these findings provide a valuable resource that significantly expands the knowledge of protein expression dynamics with one of the most common in vitro models for macrophages, which in turn has a profound impact on the immune as well as inflammatory responses being studied.
Behavioral Response Study on Seismic Airgun and Vessel Exposures in Narwhals
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Blackwell Susanna B. , Tervo Outi M. , Samson Adeline L. , Garde Eva , Hansen Rikke G. , Ngô Manh Cu’ò’ng , Conrad Alexander S. , Trinhammer Per , Schmidt Hans C. , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Williams Terrie M. , Ditlevsen Susanne
Published: June 2021

One of the last pristine marine soundscapes, the Arctic, is exposed to increasing anthropogenic activities due to climate-induced decrease in sea ice coverage. In this study, we combined movement and behavioral data from animal-borne tags in a controlled sound exposure study to describe the reactions of narwhals,Monodon monoceros, to airgun pulses and ship noise. Sixteen narwhals were live captured and instrumented with satellite tags and Acousonde acoustic-behavioral recorders, and 11 of them were exposed to airgun pulses and vessel sounds. The sound exposure levels (SELs) of pulses from a small airgun (3.4 L) used in 2017 and a larger one (17.0 L) used in 2018 were measured using drifting recorders. The experiment was divided into trials with airgun and ship-noise exposure, intertrials with only ship-noise, and pre- and postexposure periods. Both trials and intertrials lasted ∼4 h on average per individual. Depending on the location of the whales, the number of separate exposures ranged between one and eight trials or intertrials. Received pulse SELs dropped below 130 dB re 1 μPa2s by 2.5 km for the small airgun and 4–9 km for the larger airgun, and background noise levels were reached at distances of ∼3 and 8–10.5 km, respectively, for the small and big airguns. Avoidance reactions of the whales could be detected at distances >5 km in 2017 and >11 km in 2018 when in line of sight of the seismic vessel. Meanwhile, a ∼30% increase in horizontal travel speed could be detected up to 2 h before the seismic vessel was in line of sight. Applying line of sight as the criterion for exposure thus excludes some potential pre-response effects, and our estimates of effects must therefore be considered conservative. The whales reacted by changing their swimming speed and direction at distances between 5 and 24 km depending on topographical surroundings where the exposure occurred. The propensity of the whales to move towards the shore increased with increasing exposure (i.e., shorter distance to vessels) and was highest with the large airgun used in 2018, where the whales moved towards the shore at distances of 10–15 km. No long-term effects of the response study could be detected.
The Interactions Between Candida albicans and Mucosal Immunity
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Cheng Lei , Lei Yu L. , Ren Biao , Zhou Xuedong
Published: June 2021

Mucosa protects the body against external pathogen invasion. However, pathogen colonies on the mucosa can invade the mucosa when the immunosurveillance is compromised, causing mucosal infection and subsequent diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to timely and effectively monitor and control pathogenic microorganisms through mucosal immunity.Candida albicansis the most prevalent fungi on the mucosa. TheC. albicanscolonies proliferate and increase their virulence, causing severe infectious diseases and even death, especially in immunocompromised patients. The normal host mucosal immune defense inhibits pathogenicC. albicansthrough stepwise processes, such as pathogen recognition, cytokine production, and immune cell phagocytosis. Herein, the current advances in the interactions betweenC. albicansand host mucosal immune defenses have been summarized to improve understanding on the immune mechanisms against fungal infections.
Immune Escape by Non-coding RNAs of the Epstein Barr Virus
Authors: Münz Christian
Published: June 2021

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently colonizing more than 95% of the adult human population. At the same time EBV encodes oncogenes that can readily transform human B cells in culture and threaten healthy virus carriers with lymphomagenesis. Cytotoxic lymphocytes have been identified in experimental models and by primary immunodeficiencies as the main protective immune compartments controlling EBV. EBV has reached a stalemate with these cytotoxic T and innate lymphocytes to ensure persistence in most infected humans. Recent evidence suggests that the non-coding RNAs of the virus contribute to viral immune escape to prevent immune eradication. This knowledge might be used in the future to attenuate EBV for vaccine development against this human tumor virus that was discovered more than 55 years ago.
Assessing Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathways via 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in Dementia With Lewy Bodies in a Psychiatric Patient Cohort
Authors: Hansen Niels , Lange Claudia , Timäus Charles , Wiltfang Jens , Bouter Caroline
Published: June 2021

Background

(123)-I-2-ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortro- pane single photon emission computed tomography (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) was validated to distinguish Alzheimer’s dementia from dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) by European medical agencies. Little evidence exists that validates 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT as a supplementary method to diagnose probable DLB in a psychiatric cohort of patients with psychiatric symptomatology and suspected DLB. We aim to elucidate differences in the clinical phenotype of DLB between those patients with and those without a positive 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT indicating a nigrostriatal deficit.

Methods

To investigate this, we included 67 patients from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) in our study who had undergone 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in the Department of Nuclear Medicine (UMG) by evaluating their patient files.

Results

55% with a positive-123I-FP-CIT SPECT and probable DLB after the 123I-FP-CIT SPECT exhibited psychiatric features. The number of probable DLB patients in those exhibiting psychiatric symptoms was higher post-123I-FP-CIT SPECT than pre-123I-FP-CIT SPECT assessed cross-sectionally over a 6-year period (p < 0.05). In addition, prodromal DLB and prodromal DLB patients with a psychiatric-phenotype yielded higher numbers post-123I-FP-CIT SPECT than pre-123I-FP-CIT SPECT (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we discovered no phenotypical differences between those DLB patients with a positive and those with a negative 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. 123I-FP-CIT SPECT-positive DLB patients in our psychiatric cohort revealed a psychiatric onset more often (52%); DLB was less often characterized by an MCI onset (26%) (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

Our findings support 123I-FP-CIT SPECT as an adjuvant tool for improving the diagnosis of probable DLB and prodromal DLB in a cohort of psychiatric patients with often concomitant psychiatric symptomatology. The psychiatric-onset is more frequent than an MCI-onset in DLB patients presenting nigrostriatal dysfunction, giving us an indication of the relevance of deep clinical phenotyping in memory clinics that includes the assessment of psychopathology.
Multiparametric MRI for Characterization of the Basal Ganglia and the Midbrain
Authors: Schneider Till M. , Ma Jackie , Wagner Patrick , Behl Nicolas , Nagel Armin M. , Ladd Mark E. , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Straub Sina
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo characterize subcortical nuclei by multi-parametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods:The following quantitative multiparametric MR data of five healthy volunteers were acquired on a 7T MRI system: 3D gradient echo (GRE) data for the calculation of quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM), GRE sequences with and without off-resonant magnetic transfer pulse for magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) calculation, a magnetization−prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence for T1mapping, and (after a coil change) a density-adapted 3D radial pulse sequence for23Na imaging. First, all data were co-registered to the GRE data, volumes of interest (VOIs) for 21 subcortical structures were drawn manually for each volunteer, and a combined voxel-wise analysis of the four MR contrasts (QSM, MTR, T1,23Na) in each structure was conducted to assess the quantitative, MR value-based differentiability of structures. Second, a machine learning algorithm based on random forests was trained to automatically classify the groups of multi-parametric voxel values from each VOI according to their association to one of the 21 subcortical structures.

ResultsThe analysis of the integrated multimodal visualization of quantitative MR values in each structure yielded a successful classification among nuclei of the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS), the limbic system and the extrapyramidal system, while classification among (epi-)thalamic nuclei was less successful. The machine learning-based approach facilitated quantitative MR value-based structure classification especially in the group of extrapyramidal nuclei and reached an overall accuracy of 85% regarding all selected nuclei.

ConclusionMultimodal quantitative MR enabled excellent differentiation of a wide spectrum of subcortical nuclei with reasonable accuracy and may thus enable sensitive detection of disease and nucleus-specific MR-based contrast alterations in the future.
Structural Features and Digestibility of Corn Starch With Different Amylose Content
Authors: Lv Xinxin , Hong Yan , Zhou Qiwei , Jiang Chengchen
Published: June 2021

In this study, the in vitro digestibility of corn starch with different amylose content was determined. The results showed that waxy corn starch (WCS) and corn starch (CS) have the highest digestibility, while high amylose corn starch (HACS) has a higher content of resistant starch (RS). Besides being related to amylose content, RS content is also closely related to particle shape, debranched fine structure, molecular structure, and semi-crystalline structure. HACS can maintain a complete particle structure after gelatinization and enzymolysis; differential scanning calorimetry showed a positive correlation between gelatinization enthalpy and RS content. As the amylose content increased, the content of fa (DP 6–12) decreased, while the content of fb2 (DP 25–36) and fb3 (DP ≥ 37) increased, which in-turn decreased the cluster polymer formed by short branch chains, and the formation of more hydrogen bonds between long chain branches improved starch stability. D, which characterizes the compactness of starch semi-crystalline structure, increased with the increase of RS content. HACS 60 with the highest RS content had a unique surface fractal structure between 7.41 < d (2π/q) < 10.58 nm, indicating that the dense structure is effective in maintaining the RS content.