bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of the leukotriene B4 receptor, LTB4R, is perturbed in the blood of patients with Crohn’s Disease.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2020

first-line treatment which includes the 5-aminosalicylate drug mesalamine and steroids (2, 3). Both of these drugs are thought to have physiologically pleiotropic functions but it is still not understood how these drugs exert their therapeutic function in CD (4,5). Deciphering their mechanism of action can be facilitated by a basic understanding of the relevant therapeutic targets in patients with Crohn’s Disease, and can assist in determining which patients will benefit from first-line treatment with mesalamine versus top-down treatment with biologics (6) which are more beneficial but also more costly and associated with an increased risk of development of non-Hodgkin’s and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas (7, 8, 9). Transcriptome analysis to understand how gene expression differs in the tissues of patients with Crohn’s Disease can facilitate this understanding. We found, using two published datasets (10, 11), that the leukotriene B4 receptor, LTB4R (12, 13), was among the genes whose expression was most different when comparing blood from patients with Crohn’s Disease with blood from healthy, non-affected subjects. Interestingly, while LTB4R was also a differentially expressed gene in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells from patients with Crohn’s Disease, in Treg it was expressed at significantly lower levels compared to non-affected subjects as opposed to whole blood where it was expressed at significantly higher levels. This is the first report documenting differential expression of LTB4R in the hematopoietic tissues of patients with Crohn’s Disease.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KEPEMIMPINAN DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA PADANG
Authors: Agustin Silvia
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study are: 1) To clarify whether there is influence organizational culture, leadership and organizational climate on employee performance Bhayangkara Padang Hospital and 2) Measure the influence of organizational culture, leadership and organizational climate on employee performance Bhayangkara Padang Hospital. Based on test validity workplace culture, leadership, work climate and performance in mind all the items declared invalid meet the eligibility criteria are good and reliable instrument. Work Culture regression analysis obtained by value t = 2.091 while t table = 1.988, so t count> t table and the significance value is 0,040 this value is smaller than α = 0.05 not significant effect on employee performance Padang Police Hospitals. Leadership regression analysis obtained by value t = 1.762 while t table = 1.988 so that t
Graduates’ opium? Cultural values, religiosity and gender segregation by ﬁeld of study
Authors: Zuazu-Bermejo Izaskun
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the relationship between cultural values and gender distribution across fields of study in higher education. I compute national, field and subfield-level gender segregation indices for a panel dataset of 26 OECD countries for 1998-2012. This panel dataset expands the focus of previous macro-level research by exploiting data on gender segregation in specific subfields of study. I consider two focal cultural traits: gender equality and religiosity, and control for potential segregationfactors, such as labour market and educational institutions, and aggregate-level gender disparities in math performance and beliefs among young people. The estimates fail to associate gender equality measures with gender segregation in higher education. Religiosity is significantly associated with lower gender segregation in higher education. However, gender gaps in math beliefs seem to be strongerpredictors of national-level gender segregation. Field and subfield-level analyses reveal that religiosity is associated with less gender-segregated fields of education, science, and health, and specifically withthe subfield of social services.
Counting to Infinity: Does learning the syntax of the count list predict knowledge that numbers are infinite?
Authors: Chu Junyi , Cheung Pierina , Schneider Rose M. , Sullivan Jess , Barner David
Published: March 2020

By around the age of 5½, many children in the US judge that numbers never end, and that it is always possible to add +1 to a set. These same children also generally perform well when asked to label the quantity of a set after 1 object is added (e.g., judging that a set labeled “five” should now be “six”). These findings suggest that children have implicit knowledge of the “successor function”: every natural number, n, has a successor, n+1. Here, we explored how children discover this recursive function, and whether it might be related to discovering productive morphological rules that govern language-specific counting routines (e.g., the rules in English that represent base 10 structure). We tested 4- and 5-year-old children’s knowledge of counting with three tasks, which we then related to (1) children’s belief that 1 can always be added to any number (the successor function), and (2) their belief that numbers never end (infinity). Children who exhibited knowledge of a productive counting rule were significantly more likely to believe that numbers are infinite (i.e., there is no largest number), though such counting knowledge wasn’t directly linked to knowledge of the successor function, per se. Also, our findings suggest that children as young as four years of age are able to implement rules defined over their verbal count list to generate number words beyond their spontaneous counting range, an insight which may support reasoning over their acquired verbal count sequence to infer that numbers never end.
A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention
Authors: latimier alice , Peyre Hugo , Ramus Franck
Published: March 2020

Spaced retrieval practice consists of repetitions of the same retrieval event distributed through time. This learning strategy combines two “desirable difficulties”: retrieval practice and spacing effects. We carried out meta-analyses on 29 studies investigating the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on final retention.
Systematic Review of the use of “Magnitude-Based Inference” in Sports Science and Medicine
Authors: Lohse Keith , Sainani Kristin , Taylor J. Andrew , Butson Michael Lloyd , Knight Emma , Vickers Andrew
Published: March 2020

Magnitude-based inference (MBI) is a controversial statistical method that has been used in hundreds of papers in sports science despite criticism from statisticians. To better understand how this method has been applied in practice, we systematically reviewed 232 papers that used MBI. We extracted data on study design, sample size, and choice of MBI settings and parameters. Median sample size was 10 per group (interquartile range, IQR: 8 – 15) for multi-group studies and 14 (IQR: 10 – 24) for single-group studies; few studies reported a priori sample size calculations (15%). Authors predominantly applied MBI’s default settings and chose “mechanistic/non-clinical” rather than “clinical” MBI even when testing clinical interventions (only 14 studies out of 232 used clinical MBI). Using these data, we can estimate the Type I error rates for the typical MBI study. Authors frequently made dichotomous claims about effects based on the MBI criterion of a “likely” effect and sometimes based on the MBI criterion of a “possible” effect. When the sample size is n=8 to 15 per group, these inferences have Type I error rates of 12%-22% and 22%-45%, respectively. High Type I error rates were compounded by multiple testing: Authors reported results from a median of 30 tests related to outcomes; and few studies specified a primary outcome (14%). We conclude that MBI has promoted small studies, promulgated a “black box” approach to statistics, and led to numerous papers where the conclusions are not supported by the data. Amidst debates over the role of p-values and significance testing in science, MBI also provides an important natural experiment: we find no evidence that moving researchers away from p-values or null hypothesis significance testing makes them less prone to dichotomization or over-interpretation of findings.
Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Online Pengujian Barang Dengan Penerapan Model Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Authors: Retnasari Tri
Published: March 2020

Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sebagai media komunikasi dan pertukaran informasi agar memperoleh informasi yang cepat, tepat serta akurat, sudah menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak terlepaskan pada saat ini. Pada unit pelayanan teknis pengujian mutu barang, teknologi informasi sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendokumentasikan informasi agar pada saat di butuhkan dokumen tersebut dapat segera memberikan informasi yang cepat, terpat serta akurat. Tujuan dari rancang bangun sistem informasi ini adalah untuk mempercepat petugas dalam melakukan pelayanan teknis pengujian mutu barang serta mempermudah masyarakat dalam mendapatkan informasi terhadap pengujian mutu barang. Balai Pengujian Mutu Barang (BPMB) membutuhkan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi. Solusi dari permasalahan yang tepat adalah dengan mengimplementasikan suatu sistem informasi pendaftaran online sehingga mempermudah Balai Pengujian Mutu Barang (BPMB) dalam memberikan pelayanan terutama pada teknis pengujian mutu barang dan melaksanakan pengembangan jasa pengujian serta meningkatkan sistem kinerjanya agar lebih optimal. Metode Penelitian menggunakan model Rapid Application Development (RAD). Penerapan model Rapid Application Development (RAD), digunakan dengan alasan dimana fase dan aktivitas perancangan sistem yang di rancang lebih singkat dan pengerjaan sistem relatif singkat sekitar 60-90 hari sehingga menghasilkan sistem informasi yang baik. Pemodelan sistem digambarkan dengan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah rancangan sistem informasi sebagai media yang efektif dalam pengelolaan data, mempermudah petugas dalam melakukan pelayanan teknis pengujian mutu barang serta memberian informasi kepada masyarakat dengan cepat dan akurat.
Synthesis, the study of the structure of YAG and YAGG phosphors in the radiation field
Authors: Karipbaev Zh. , Musakhanov D. , Lisitsyn V. , Alpyssova G. , Golkovskii M. , Lisitsynа L. , Tulegenova A. , Akylbekov A. , Dauletbekova A. , Balabekov K. , Kozlovskii А. , Usseinov A.
Published: March 2020

In the present work, an attempt is made to synthesize a phosphor using powerful hard radiation fluxes. The surface, elemental composition, structure, and luminescent characteristics of the obtained YAG:Ce ceramics were studied. Ceramics have a heterogeneous structure. The main phase of the obtained ceramics is YAG, which ranges from 72 to 91 % of the total volume of samples. The remaining volume of the samples consists of the Al2O3 and CeO2 phases. The synthesized ceramics has the characteristic properties of YAG:Ce, YAGG:Ce phosphors. The surface condition and elemental surface composition of the synthesized ceramic sample were studied using a scanning electron microscope. The images showed that there are particles with awell-defined faceting, which indicates the formation of microcrystals. X-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized ceramic samples was carried out on a diffractometer. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the resulting ceramic has a high degree of crystallinity. The quantitative phase dependence was determined in the TOPAS-4.2 program. The results of measuring the luminescence spectra measured upon excitation of the specimen split surface are presented. The maximum luminescence of YAG:Ce ceramics accounts for 555 nm, the half-width of the band is 0.45 eV. In YAGG:Ce ceramics, the luminescence maximum at 555 nm, the half-width of the band is 0.48 eV.
Solution of the deformed Schwarzschild metric by the Yang-Baxter equation
Authors: Meirambay A. , Yerzhanov K.K.
Published: March 2020

In this article, an open-closed string map formulated by Seiberg & Whitten was used to solve problems of generalized supergravity, including the deformed Schwarzschild metric. For this task, found analytical supergravity solution (deformed metric and NSNS (Neveu – Schwarz) two-form Bμν-field). The solution was obtained from antisymmetric bivector constructed from antisymmetric products of Killing vectors used as components of the equation of motion. In the problem under consideration, the equations of motion are the CYBE (classical Yang-Baxter equation), whose general solution can be obtained using the r-matrix. As a result, for the deformed metric, the Hamilton — Jacobi equation is obtained, the particle motion on the plane is studied, with θ = π/2. So, we obtained several analytical solutions for the function r(φ), φ(r). Since these results are very voluminous for representations, we present the schedule the test particle from the function r(φ), which shows the centrally- symmetric motion of the particle in the Schwarchild field. As a continuation of this work, it is possible to obtain a numerical solution for a function r(t), that has a complex integral for the analytical solution of this problem. The theoretical meaning of the work is that CYBE derives from the equation of motion of the theory of gravity, thereby reducing the problem of determining the r-matrix, which is a CYBE solution for generalized supergravity.
A Life-Changing Moment in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes: Insulin Holiday
Authors: Butt Muhammad Imran , Mukhtar Noha , Riazuddin Muhammad , Amer Lama , Elsayed Tarek
Published: March 2020

Background: The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can be a life-changing moment for our patients particularly having to live with the idea of taking insulin all their life and the barriers it can bring about. Case report: We report a patient with ten years of autoimmune type 1 diabetes treated with insulin. He was able to stop insulin in favour of oral diabetes agents after dynamic endocrine tests confirmed micro insulin secretion despite autoimmunity. Our case demonstrates that a detailed history and thorough investigations adopting a holistic approach can sometimes change the course of disease management and can leave a positive impact on the life of our patients. Conclusion: Patients with partial retention of beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes can temporarily stop insulin safely with ongoing surveillance. [GMJ.2020;9:e1769]
Functional hemispherectomy: can preoperative imaging predict outcome?
Authors: Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria , Wang Shelly , Ibrahim George M. , Elkaim Lior M. , Jayakar Prasanna , Miller Ian , Bhatia Sanjiv , Niazi Toba N. , Ragheb John
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although hemispherectomy is an effective treatment for children with intractable hemispheric epilepsy syndromes, as many as 40% of patients eventually develop seizure recurrence. The causes of seizure recurrence in these patients are incompletely understood. The authors sought to evaluate the efficacy of hemispherectomy at their center and determine whether contralateral MRI abnormalities can predict seizure recurrence.

METHODS

A retrospective review of consecutive hemispherectomies performed at Miami Children’s Hospital between January 2000 and June 2014 was performed. Time-to-event analysis was performed. The “event” was defined as any seizures following resective epilepsy surgery (not including seizures in the first postoperative week and auras). Several preoperative variables were analyzed to determine their suitability to predict seizure recurrence following surgery.

RESULTS

Sixty-nine patients (44 boys) with a mean age of 8.2 ± 5.9 years (range 0.1–20.8 years) underwent 72 hemispherectomies; 67 of these were functional hemispherectomies, while another 5 were completion of a previous functional hemispherectomy (2 completions of functional hemispherectomies, 3 anatomical hemispherectomies). The duration of epilepsy was 5.8 ± 5.5 years with 66 cases (91.7%) having daily seizures. Etiology included stroke (n = 28), malformation of cortical development (n = 11), hemimegalencephaly (n = 11), encephalitis (n = 13), and other (n = 7). Engel class I outcome was achieved in 59 (86%) and 56 (81%) patients at 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively. The mean time to seizure recurrence was 33.5 ± 31.1 months. In univariate analyses, the absence of contralateral abnormalities on MRI (HR 4.09, 95% CI 1.41–11.89, p = 0.009) was associated with a longer duration of seizure freedom. The presence of contralateral MRI abnormalities was associated with contralateral ictal seizures on preoperative scalp EEG (p = 0.002). Fifteen patients experienced 20 complications (20/72, 27.8%), including the development of hydrocephalus necessitating CSF diversion in 9 cases (13%), hygroma in 1, hemispheric edema in 1, aseptic meningitis in 2, postoperative hemorrhage in 2, infection in 2, ischemic stroke in 2, and blood transfusion–contracted hepatitis C in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with bihemispheric abnormalities, as evidenced by contralateral MRI abnormalities, have a higher risk of earlier seizure recurrence following functional hemispherectomy.
Intraoperative electrophysiology during single-level selective dorsal rhizotomy: technique, stimulation threshold, and response data in a series of 145 patients
Authors: De Vloo Philippe , Huttunen Terhi J. , Forte Dalila , Jankovic Ivana , Lee Amy , Hair Mark , Cawker Stephanie , Chugh Deepti , Carr Lucinda , Crowe Belinda H. A. , Pitt Matthew , Aquilina Kristian
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is effective at permanently reducing spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in this procedure remains controversial, and its robustness has been questioned. This study describes the authors’ institutional electrophysiological technique (based on the technique of Park et al.), intraoperative findings, robustness, value to the procedure, and occurrence of new motor or sphincter deficits.

METHODS

The authors analyzed electrophysiological data of all children who underwent SDR at their center between September 2013 and February 2019. All patients underwent bilateral SDR through a single-level laminotomy at the conus and with transection of about 60% of the L2–S2 afferent rootlets (guided by intraoperative electrophysiology) and about 50% of L1 afferent roots (nonselectively).

RESULTS

One hundred forty-five patients underwent SDR (64% male, mean age 6 years and 7 months, range 2 years and 9 months to 14 years and 10 months). Dorsal roots were distinguished from ventral roots anatomically and electrophysiologically, by assessing responses on free-running electromyography (EMG) and determining stimulation thresholds (≥ 0.2 mA in all dorsal rootlets). Root level was determined anatomically and electrophysiologically by assessing electromyographic response to stimulation. Median stimulation threshold was lower in sacral compared to lumbar roots (p < 0.001), and 16% higher on the first operated (right) side (p = 0.023), but unrelated to age, sex, or functional status. Similarly, responses to tetanic stimulation were consistent: 87% were graded 3+ or 4+, with similar distributions between sides. This was also unrelated to age, sex, and functional status. The L2–S2 rootlets were divided (median 60%, range 50%–67%), guided by response to tetanic stimulation at threshold amplitude. No new motor or sphincter deficits were observed, suggesting sparing of ventral roots and sphincteric innervation, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This electrophysiological technique appears robust and reproducible, allowing reliable identification of afferent nerve roots, definition of root levels, and guidance for rootlet division. Only a direct comparative study will establish whether intraoperative electrophysiology during SDR minimizes risk of new motor or sphincter worsening and/or maximizes functional outcome.
CSF goes astray no matter what is in the way: occipital intradiploic pseudomeningocele and de novo syringomyelia following foramen magnum decompression for Chiari I malformation in a pediatric patient
Authors: Kurzbuch Arthur R. , Magdum Shailendra
Published: March 2020

Nontraumatic intradiploic pseudomeningoceles and de novo syringomyelia formation are very rare entities. The authors have previously reported the case of a 4-year-old girl who underwent foramen magnum decompression without dural closure for Chiari I malformation. Three years after the operation an intradiploic pseudomeningocele was documented, but the patient was lost to follow-up without undergoing revision surgery. Four years later, at the age of 11 years, the patient returned for treatment of intensifying symptoms. Radiological imaging then showed an increase in the size of the intradiploic pseudomeningocele and a new cervical syrinx. The patient underwent a first revision surgery in which a part of the internal layer of the occipital bone was removed and arachnoid scar lysis was performed. Two months later the syrinx had worsened, and in a second revision surgery a pseudomeningocele-peritoneal shunt was placed. Here, the authors describe what is to their knowledge the first case of an intradiploic pseudomeningocele and de novo syringomyelia formation following Chiari I decompressive surgery.
Delayed death after hyena bite in a 3-year-old Tanzanian boy: the unique reality of neurosurgery in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Mkony Denis , Magogo Mzimbiri Juma , Leidinger Andreas , Bonfield Christopher M. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Härtl Roger
Published: March 2020

A 3-year-old boy presented after a hyena bite to the skull in Tanzania. A large degloving wound with herniating cerebrum was seen in the right parietotemporal region. A CT scan confirmed a large 8-cm skull defect. The patient was taken for irrigation and debridement, but due to significant tissue loss, the skin could not be closed. CSF leaked from the wound, and two additional operations for attempted closure were undertaken but failed. The plastic surgery team was consulted, but no closure was done because of the procedure’s complexity, lack of resources, and cost. CSF diversion could not be performed due to no available lumbar catheter or external ventricular drain. Meningitis developed, leading to severe hyponatremia and death. The current case highlights both the unique mechanism of a hyena bite requiring neurosurgical intervention and the realities of practicing neurosurgery in a low-resource setting.
Replenishing the Soil: Food, Fertiliser and Soil Science in Occupied Japan (1945-52)
Authors: Aldous Christopher Michael
Published: March 2020

Environmental scientists and activists in the early twenty-first century have identified productive, healthy soils as a key factor in feeding a rapidly increasing global population and mitigating climate change. This article argues that serious food shortages in Japan following its defeat in 1945 caused the fertility of its soils to become a pressing issue for the Allied Occupation (1945-52) and one seen as central to the success of democratisation. The prospect of famine in the cities in 1946 and 1947 and associated political unrest justified urgent imports of food from the US, causing much resentment among its allies, who questioned the seriousness of the food supply crisis in Japan. The Occupation's Natural Resources Section worked to reduce Japan's dependence on food imports by surveying Japan's soils and recommending their rapid augmentation with chemical fertilisers, the manufacture of which had practically ceased during the war. The US imported nitrogenous fertiliser to supplement inadequate domestic output and provided phosphate ore (for superphosphate fertiliser) from Florida, in addition to encouraging Japanese mining operations on Angaur Island, formerly part of the Japanese empire. The latter generated conflicts with the natives of the island, the local US naval command and the Australian government. Such tensions demonstrate the many and varied facets of the 'fertiliser problem', which was seen as pivotal to food supply and economic recovery. Major imports of agricultural commodities from the US after 1952 reflected its Cold War alliance with Japan. Likewise, significant transfers of technology contributed to a steep increase in the use of agricultural chemicals, causing the fertiliser problem to become a pressing environmental one by the 1990s.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING HIERARCHIZED FORMATIONS
Authors: Socha R.
Published: March 2020

Summary: The key element in the command problem is the term action. From the point of view of the degree of organization of the action, we can distinguish: individual actions, collective actions and team actions. We talk about indi-vidual action if one person performs certain activities in conditions that do not require the cooperation of other people. In turn, we are dealing with collective actions when, at the same time and place, different people perform separate actions leading to the achievement of the intended goal, and these are independent actions, which do not require division of work. Team activities, on the other hand, are activities during which a group of people performs specific activities to collectively achieve a set goal. The study presents the main issues related to commanding in hierarchical formations, i.e. the army, police or fire brigade. The work was divided into several parts, referring respectively to the general characteristics of hier-archical organizations, relations between management and management and command in these organizations, as well as the rules of command. The study assumes that the concept is associated with command, i.e. action, which is a fundamental praxeological concept. An action understood as any behavior aimed at a specific purpose. The thesis was also accepted that this action was: the will realized, transformed into action; pursuit of a specific goal; intended subject's reaction to external stimuli and circumstances. However, the goal of action is the state of affairs, which being valuable in some respects for the actor, sets the direction and structure of his conduct. The scientific problem was brought back from the question: are we dealing in hierarchical formations with leadership, management or command.
IMPROVING WORK RESOURCE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR EUTECTIC COATING
Authors: Berezhanskyi T. , Moshkola Ya.
Published: March 2020

Today, in Ukraine, fire-fighting and rescue units in the event of fires and emergencies of a natural and anthropo-genic nature are often forced to operate emergency life-saving tools and equipment that are partially worn or outdated. It is extremely costly to completely replace the equipment of all fire and rescue units. Therefore, the development of methods for the restoration of worn or partially worn parts of fire and rescue equipment, as well as increasing their service life and interrepair interval, is an urgent task for today.The proposed work is devoted to the application of eutectic coatings based on the Fe-Mn-C-B-Si alloy Cr system for the restoration of partially wornout steel parts of firefighting equipment and rescue equipment, as well as to increase the service life (lifetime) of these parts. The essence of the experimental study was to compare the wear of the cutting elements of hydraulic emergency rescue scissors "Hydrum H-32" series production and scissors with a protective eutectic coating. The work life of the eutectic coatings of Fe-Mn-C-B-Si doped Cr working bodies of emergency rescue scissors in 1.8 times greater than that of working bodies of serial production, so it is advisable to repair such worn parts of the rescue and fire tool. Due to the relatively low cost of eutectic alloys based on iron, this method is economically viable as an alternative to replacing parts with new ones. This type of coating can also be applied to other steel parts of fire-fighting and rescue equipment to restore worn parts and increase service life and overhaul intervals. The use of durable eutectic iron based coatings is economically feasible given their relatively low cost.
CHOSEN PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION OF ELEMENTS OF THE GENERAL SAFETY SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND
Authors: Kogut B. , Ziobro J.
Published: March 2020

Summary: The contemporary environment of general safety is characterized by the dynamic development of threats to man and his precious values (life, health, property, natural environment), resulting mainly from the progress of civilization and climate change, which in its effect occur in natural environment. These facts make general safety a complicated process involving authorities and public and social entities that provide various rescue and assistance services when these threats materialize. A large variety of threats, their types, as well as the scale of frequency of occurrence and impact, mean that obtaining an acceptable level of security requires multifaceted and multidimensional cooperation of all bodies and institutions (public, social, economic) responsible for its provision and maintenance. The study presents the issue of implementing joint ventures of selected elements of the general safety system functioning in the Republic of Poland. Due to the circumstances presented above, an analysis was also made of the possibilities of cooperation between elements of the general safety system with each other and with the surroundings. It was also defined what general safety is, assuming that it is related to the civilizational surroundings and natural environment in which citizens and their communities do not feel a threat to their existence or basic life interests, due to the state providing formal, institutional and practical guarantees of protection leading to socially acceptable risk level. An analysis of applied organization of cooperation solutions was also presented, while assessing both their effectiveness and efficiency.
DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A SOLID CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN THE FIRE
Authors: Tatsii R. , Pazen O. , Vovk S.
Published: March 2020

The proposed work is devoted to the application of the direct method to the study of heat transfer processes in a solid homogeneous cylindrical structure in the presence of convective heat exchange with the environment, that is, the boundary conditions of the third. It is assumed that the law of change of ambient temperature, which washes the surface layer of the structure, is an arbitrary function of time. This function is uniformly distributed over the surface such that the isotherms inside the structure are coaxial cylindrical surfaces, that is, the temperature field inside the cylinder depends only on the radius r and the time τ.This problem is solved by applying the reduction method, when the original problem is represented by the sum of two unknown but related functions. It is found that the solution of the corresponding quasistationary problem does not depend on the radius r and is equal to the law of change of the ambient temperature.In the following, the corresponding inhomogeneous problem is solved, the main stage of which is the eigenvalue problem obtained after applying the Fourier variable method. As a standard procedure, a characteristic equation is obtained and the eigenvalues are determined and their own functions are constructed. The Fourier method was used to construct a nonuniform problem solution.It is found that when at the time τ = 0 the initial distribution of the structural temperature field and the ambient temperature coincide, the solution of the original problem is greatly simplified.To illustrate the proposed method, a model example of finding the distribution of the temperature field in a reinforced concrete homogeneous column of a circular cross section under the conditions of the temperature of the hydrocarbon fire is solved. The results of the calculations are presented as a graph of temperature change as a function of time. The numerical implementation of the method was performed using the Maple 13. computer algebra system. It should be noted that the first 30 roots of the characteristic equation were used to achieve the result with the given accuracy. The results obtained are directly applicable in a number of applications.
ANALYSIS OF EQUIVALENT FUEL SAVINGS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Authors: Gavrilyk A. , Lemishko M.
Published: March 2020

The development of electric vehicles in the near future is outlined, their general classification and problems of their use are given. The most common energy elements used to power electric traction electric motors are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are described. The analysis shows the most economical electric cars in 2018 and describes their traction and speed characteristics. The peculiarities of methodology for determining fuel economy for hybrid vehicles (PHEV - plugin hybrid electric vehicle) and for vehicles running on alternative fuel type (NGV-natural gas vehicle; FCV-fuel cell vehicle) are revealed and the possibility of its improvement is revealed. Methodological bases of estimation of fuel economy of electric vehicles are developed. This will allow potential buyers, owners or economists of the trucking companies to objectively estimate the equivalent fuel consumption and successfully choose one or the other brand of electric vehicle. An algorithm for determining the equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles was developed and described taking into account the energy price policy for different countries of the world.It is concluded that lithiumion batteries have become the most widespread, as the feeding elements of electric vehicles. It is found that the equivalent fuel consumption is the most objective and informative, from the user's point of view, characterizing the use of electric vehicles compared to indicating the amount of energy (kWh) required to overcome 100 miles of travel. Using the proposed method, the equivalent fuel economy of these electric vehicles is calculated, the results are plotted against. It is established that for Ukraine, considering the cost of energy carriers, the use of electric vehicles is the most costeffective compared to other countries.
WATER QUALITUY ASSESSSMENT IN NATURAL SPRINGS IN LVIV
Authors: Stepova K. , Musiy K. , Dumas I.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The main purpose of freshwater ecosystems is to provide drinking needs meeting the water quality requirements for health. Pure raw water is needed not only for drinking, but also for many technological purposes. Good raw water causes the reduce of water treatment costs. Therefore, the quality of water in natural sources is an important factor not only for drinking water supply or for achieving higher economic impact of production, but it also contributes to the development of biodiversity, which is beneficial for the environment and society. Water supply of Lviv is provided exclusively from underground sources located at a distance of 20 to 80 km, so it is of high quality everywhere, but differs in chemical composition, and properties. However, it is widely believed that water from natural sources is better than tap water. In the territory of Lviv, Bryukhovychi and Vinnyky there are more than ten such springs, water from which is used by the inhabitants of the city and villages. The aim of the work is to determine whether the water from springs located in the city is suitable for drinking needs. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that water from springs located in Lviv is not suitable for drinking. According to the research results, in all spring water samples the content of calcium and magnesium is significantly higher than in the sample taken from the city water supply network. The total water hardness in all sources exceeds MPC. The content of sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, nitrites and ammonium ions in all spring water samples is much higher than in tap water. The content of total ammonium ion in water from source # 3 almost reaches the limit of MPC (0.95MPC). Lead content in all samples taken from springs exceeds the MPC.
THE IMPORTANCE OF "SOFT SKILLS" IN THE FORMATION OF SPECIALISTS’ MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE IN HUMAN SAFETY FIELD
Authors: Povstyn O. , Kozyar M.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the problem of forming the managerial competence of specialists in the field of human security. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the concepts of "competence", "managerial competence," social competence ", the content of the concepts of" soft skills "," hard skills ". The set of basic knowledge necessary for the development of “soft skills” in forming the managerial competence of future specialists in the field of human security is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature, it is determined that the structure of managerial competence is a complex integrated dynamic formation, containing worldview, technological, cognitive, psychological, personal, professional and proper management aspects. The essential characteristics of the competencies of the modern leader are presented: strategic, social, functional, managerial, communicative, professional. Soft skills include leadership skills, teamwork skills, teaching skills, negotiating skills, conflict resolution, goal setting and achievement goals, time management of personal and subordinate time, purposefulness, presentation skills, public speaking effective communication skills, stress resistance, creativity and more. The assumption is made that the presence of the listed skills and competences forms the “social competence” of the future manager. It is determined that social competence, along with strategic, functional, managerial, communicative and professional, is one of the defining competency characteristics of the manager, and its essential features give grounds for defining it as basic in the formation of the managerial competence of human security professionals. It is proved that the quality and efficiency of management activities of specialists in the field of human security depend on the degree of mastery of "social competence" and so-called "flexible competencies".
COMBINED EXTINGUISHING OF CLASS D, CLASS A AND CLASS B FIRES
Authors: Husar B. , Kovalyshyn V. , Marych V. , Lozynskyi R. , Pastukhov P.
Published: March 2020

The scope of magnesium and aluminium and their alloys in industry, construction and life are expanding over time. As a rule, there are no clean fires of class D, which include combustion of magnesium, aluminium and their alloys. The problem is that the temperature of combustion of magnesium and its alloys can rise above 2800 Celsius degree. Magnesium burns even in the atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon dioxide and such fire is very difficult to extinguish. When water contacts the magnesium or other light metals, the area of fire expands.

The main purpose of this work is to study the combined extinguishing of light metals fires, Class A fires and class B fires with a special dry chemical powder and high resistance foaming agent.

The problem of extinguishing fires at objects with the using of light metals (magnesium, aluminium) and their alloys has been explored. Class D fires usually lead to class A and class B fires. They occur at high temperatures, and may cause explosions. Scenarios for the development of fires can be as follows: burning of light metals or solid combustible materials ad initium and light metal fire that requires combined extinguishing methods afterwards. Dry chemical powder formulation for extinguishing class A, B, D and and electrical installations under voltage, which includes: sodium chloride, blast furnace slag, ammophos, aerosol has been developed. Testing of this powder has been carried out in the laboratory using chips of magnesium and aluminium alloys. The combustion area in all experiments has been equal to 2.85 × 10-2 sq. m. The quality of the powder has been evaluated by the intensity of the D class fire and the extinguishing time of the B class fier. Dry chemical powder KM-2 has been tested for extinguishing fires 21B, 1A. and for magnesium alloy chips fires. Combined extinguishing tests were conducted on class D, class A and class B fires in field conditions. Method of combined extinguishing with the dry chemical powder followed by covering the entire burning area with high-expansion foam has been proposed (the fire with total area of 2.5 square meters has been extinguished for 45 s). Extinguishing methods have been tested on model fires. Safety measures for light metal extinguishing have been developed.

Conclusions: formulation for universal KM 2 dry chemical powder for extinguishing class D, A, B fires, which consists of sodium chloride, ammophos, slag, aerosil, has been developed. Successful extinguishing of class D and B fires has been carried out succesfully; technology of combined fire fighting D and A has been substantiated.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF STRENGTH-DEFORMED CONDITION OF PIPE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS AT SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE
Authors: Semerak M. , Ferents N. , Kharyshyn D. , Vovk S.
Published: March 2020

The mathematical modeling of the thermo-stressed state of pipe-concrete structures under conditions of stationary thermal conductivity is carried out. During the study, the most common structural type of TBC was selected and mathematical models of the stress-strain state of TBA under heating conditions were taken into account, taking into account their geometric dimensions and thermophysical characteristics of metal and concrete. The main feature of the TBC study is that the heat exchange in the structure, as well as the corresponding force response, are investigated independently of each other, whereas the problem of fire resistance should be posed as a classical problem of elasticity, taking into account the mutual influence of temperature and mechanical stresses.

In two-layer structures (concrete - metal), the largest radial stresses that occur in concrete work in tension. Tensile stresses occur in the thickness of the outer tube. The stresses occurring on the inner surface of the steel sleeve coincide with the stresses in the concrete. When approaching the outer surface, they decrease and on the surface r = R2 equal to zero. In the case where the coefficients of linear extension αt (i = 1, 2) are equal to each other, the maximum tensile stresses are reduced within 0≤r≤R1 .; if νi (i = 1, 2) within 0≤ r≤R2, the stresses will also decrease. Axial stresses work on compression. They reach maximum value in the outer shell. For equal values αt (1) = αt (2), the magnitude of the stresses does not change, and at ν1 = ν2 the stresses in the metal will decrease. Ring stresses in the region 0≤ r≤R1 are tensile stresses and in the region R1≤ r≤R2 are compression stresses, and the compression stresses are greater than the tensile stresses in concrete. For αt (1) = αt (2), the stresses in the concrete decrease and for ν1 = ν2.
REDUCING THE FIRE HAZARD OF PEATLANDS, METHODS AND FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THEIR EXTINGUISHING
Authors: Sukach R. , Kovalyshyn V. , Kyryliv Y.
Published: March 2020

The article describes that peat has been used for energy and agricultural needs for a long time in several countries of the world. According to statistics from the International Peat Society (IPS), world peat reserves are over 400 million ha, of which more than 305 million ha are under development. In Ukraine, more than 2,500 peat deposits with an average depth of 1.4 m have been identified. Of these, about 81% of producing peat is used as fuel, and 19% is for agricultural purposes. However, every year hundreds of thousands cubic meters of peat deposits suffered from fires. Statistics of peat fires remains disappointing in the world in recent years. A similar situation is observed in Ukraine. Peat fires most often occur in places of peat extraction, as a rule, due to improper handling, from lightning discharges or spontaneous combustion. Peat fires often cover large areas and are difficult to extinguish, especially when a peat layer of considerable thickness burns. Peat can burn in all directions, regardless of the direction and strength of the wind, and under the soil it burns even with moderate rain and snowfall.

The existing methods for preventing fires in peat-forest ecosystems are analyzed and, on this basis, methods for improving and developing new ones are proposed.

One of the most effective means of preventing peat fires is to limit the spread of fire due to dug ditches and wide ditches along forests. Another way of protection is the flooding of drained peatlands. The most effective method of extinguishing is to ditch the territory with enclosing ditches. It is necessary to dig up to mineral soil or groundwater. The fire is extinguished by digging the burning peat and pouring it with plenty of water. Modeling the enclosing ditches, taking into account the moisture content of the litter and peat bogs, wind, and ambient temperature, makes it possible to determine their optimal sizes and location to increase the efficiency of the quenching process.

Increasing the efficiency of extinguishing peat fires by improving the design of the fire barrel allows improving the supply of fire extinguishing substances to the combustible layer when extinguishing fires at a depth of 2 to 7 meters. Extinguishing is carried out throughout the deployment depth and ensures safe working conditions for firefighters during the elimination of deep fires.

Improvement of existing fire extinguishing wetting solutions and the development of new ones allows achieving fire extinguishing and penetrating properties and increasing the extinguishing efficiency at depths of up to 7 meters
EVALUASI TRANSAKSI MUDHARABAH BERBASIS PENDAPAT ULAMA SYAFI'YAH: KASUS PADA BANK SYARIAH X
Authors: Hapsari Wahyu Dewi , Sodikin Slamet Sugiri
Published: March 2020

Bank Sharia X, located in certain city in the province of central Java, is one of branches of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. As the name implies, Bank Sharia X operates its business based on Islamic rules (Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadist). In interpreting the Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadist, Islamic scholars have different opinions on requirements of some specific topics, such as those on mudharaba transaction. Among the great schools of thoughts are Syafi’iya, Malikiya, Hanafiya, and Hanabila. We aim to identify whether or not Bank Sharia Xfully applies its mudharaba transaction based on Syafi’iya’sschool of thought. We collect data by interviewing key persons of the bank and investigating important, corroborating documents out there. We analyze the data by comparing between the application of mudharaba transaction and the Shafee’s school of thought on the themudharaba transaction. Based on our analysis, we find that Bank Sharia X applies its mudharabatransaction based on the requirements of Shafee’s thought except on (a) ijab and qabul, and (b) time limitation.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Novitasari Dwi , Fidiastuti Fidiastuti
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on employee performance at Puskesmas Kalibawang, Kulon Progo. This research is a causal associative with quantitative approach. The data obtained by primary data using questionnaire method. Hypothesis testing in this reasearch are multiple linear regression analysis, F-test and T-test used to examined research model and determine the effect of independent variables to the dependent variable. The results showed a positive and significant effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on employee performance (sig. 0,000 < 0.05). T-test showed no effect of transformational leadership on employee performance (sig. 0,844 > 0,05). Organizational commitment has positive and significant effect on employee performance (sig. 0,011 < 0,05) and job satisfaction also have positive and significant effect to employee performance (sig. 0,032 < 0,05).