bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Práticas laboratoriais: das análises clínicas ao biodiagnóstico
Authors: Apolinário Joelma Maria dos Santos da Silva
Published: July 2021

Este livro, na forma de relatórios, se inclui em um processo mais amplo de reflexão sobre as práticas laboratoriais realizadas em aulas durante o curso de farmácia na faculdade a qual estudo, desde as duas últimas décadas, constituindo-se em um importante ponto de inflexão nesse processo de sistematização e produção de conhecimentos, pois o mesmo tem por objetivo aprofundar algumas constatações iniciais desse debate em curso sobre as práticas no que diz respeito às análises clínicas e sua relação com a educação, respondendo a algumas demandas e fundamentação clínico-prática na atualidade. A escolha dos capítulos norteou-se por duas constatações. A primeira foi a grande escassez de livros destinados para este fim onde a literatura basicamente não expõe de forma tão acessível assuntos relacionados a tal; a segunda foi a de que essas práticas se materializam, de modo específico, na sociedade brasileira, devido à maneira como o Brasil vem se inserindo no mundo ao longo da sua história no que diz respeito à saúde, de como expomos e abordamos assuntos inerente à práticas laboratoriais e também devido às relações econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais que se engendram, também historicamente, em âmbito nacional às análises clínicas propriamente dita.
INSTITUTE OF EMISSARIES
Authors:   Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University Almaty, Kazakhstan, Koigeldiev M.
Published: July 2021

The 20-30 years of the XX-th century in the history of Kazakhstan are characterized by the formation of such a form of governance of the republic from the center as the institute of emissaries. This form of management remained unchanged until the end of the Soviet period. The system of administrative management has acquired a new character, consolidating the former imperial positions based on the search for sources of raw materials and sales markets. The history of the formation and activity of the Institute of emissaries as a management system in Kazakhstan was not considered as an object of historical analysis. For the first time in the Kazakh historiography in the context of the 20-30s, the author analyzes the origins of the formation of this institute of management. The article highlights the beginning of a new stage in the Kazakh history, which implies a generalization of the activities of the power system and its nature from the point of view of modern realities.
RESEARCH OF THE DONGAL SETTLEMENT IN THE KARAGANDA REGION
Authors:   Saryarka Archaeological Institute at the Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Loman Valeriy
Published: July 2021

The Dongal settlement is located 208 km southeast of the city of Karaganda, in the Kent mountains, on the left bank of the river Kyzylkenysh, a tributary of the river Taldy. The author carried out excavations of several dwellings of the settlement, thanks to which the structure of their walls and the features of the internal interior were established. The dwellings were rectangular in plan, corridor-shaped entrances and pentagonal hearths of stone slabs placed on the edge. The walls were furnished from the inside with flat stone slabs and were filled with ash. Tools made of stone and bone, a bronze rivet, and a fragment of a bronze knife were found in and around the dwellings. Based on the essential features of ornamentation and forms of clay vessels of the Dongal settlement, its architecture, the author singled out the Dongal type of sites dated from the time of the transition from the Final Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. At the same time, the ornament and the technology of making ceramics have a certain similarity with the ceramic complex of the Sargary-Alekseevsk culture (the Late Bronze Age), which indicates their genetic relationship.
CH.CH. VALIKHANOV ABOUT THE LANGUAGE AND STYLE OF THE TURKIC EPIC
Authors:   l-Farabi Kazakh national university, Zhanabayev К. , Turgenbayeva A.Sh. ,   l-Farabi Kazakh national university, Islyamova U.A. ,   l-Farabi Kazakh national university
Published: July 2021

In this article consider about the scientific contribution of Ch.Ch. Valikhanov to the Turkic epic studies, about his study of the epic culture of the Turks of Central Asia, Southern Siberia and the North Caucasus. The main place in it is devoted to the language, style and genre of the epic of the Turkic peoples, their poetic forms and their art of speech. The purpose of the article is to reveal the views and methodological approaches of the scientist in the light of the current oral theory of Parry-Lord, to identify their prospects and productivity. The practical value of the article comes from the scientific effectiveness of the works and ideas of the scientist in his analysis of oral poetic forms of folklore, stylistics and aesthetics. The main method of Ch.Ch. Valikhanov is holistic, that is, a view "from within the tradition itself" in its living process. This method did not exclude the comparative-historical, typological, systematic method, the method of analysis and revealed great prospects in the scientific study of the oral epic of the Turkic nations. The main conclusion of this article is that the first professional orientalist, ethnographer, historian, linguist Ch.Ch. Valikhanov is the founder of classical Turkic epic studies, the first collector and original commentator of its best samples. He brilliantly foresaw many directions of modern topical oral theory and world folklore and deeply understood the unique nature of the ancient Steppe knowledge, the mighty oral epic of the Turks of the North Caucasus, Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia. For the first time, this integral epic Turkic tradition is described by him in all the genre and species richness. The historical and ethnographic approach of the scientist to the analysis of the epic art of the Turkic peoples is of valuable practical importance for oral theory and the humanities. Keywords: poetic form, oral Parry-Lord theory, tradition, formula style, Turkic epic, Steppe knowledge, initial foundations.
Investigations on the gas-phase photolysis and OH radical kinetics of nitrocatechols: Implications of intramolecular interactions on their atmospheric behavior
Authors: Roman Claudiu , Arsene Cecilia , Bejan Iustinian Gabriel , Olariu Romeo-Iulian
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Environmental Simulation Chamber made of Quartz from the University “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” from Iasi (ESC-Q-UAIC), Romania, was used to investigate for the first time the gas-phase reaction rate coefficients for four nitrocatechols towards OH radicals under simulated atmospheric conditions. Employing relative rate technique at a temperature of 298 ± 2 K and total air pressure of 1 atm, the obtained rate coefficients (in 10−12 cm3×s−1) were as followed: k3NCAT = (3.41 ± 0.37) for 3-nitrocatechol, k4NCAT = (1.27 ± 0.19) for 4-nitrocatechol, k5M3NCAT = (5.55 ± 0.45) for 5-methyl-3-nitrocatechol and k4M5NCAT = (0.92 ± 0.14) for 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol. For the investigated compounds the photolysis rates in the actinic region, scaled to atmospheric relevant conditions, were evaluated as well. In this case the photolysis rate coefficient values were obtained only for 3-nitrocatechol and 5-methyl-3-nitrocatechol: J3NCAT = (3.06 ± 0.16) × 10−4 s−1 and J5M3NCAT = (2.14 ± 0.18) × 10−4 s−1, respectively. Considering the obtained results our study suggests that photolysis may be the main degradation process for 3-nitrocatechol and 5-methyl-3-nitrocatechol in the atmosphere. Results are discussed in terms of the reactivity of the investigated four nitrocatechols towards OH-radical initiated oxidation and their structural features. The rate coefficient values are also compared with those estimated from the structure-activity relationship for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additional comparison with similar compounds is also presented underlining the implications towards possible degradation pathways and atmospheric behavior.
Convective self–aggregation in a mean flow
Authors: Jung Hyunju , Naumann Ann Kristin , Stevens Bjorn
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Convective self-aggregation is an atmospheric phenomenon seen in numerical simulations in a radiative convective equilibrium framework thought to be informative of some aspects of the behavior of real-world convection in the deep tropics. We impose a background mean wind flow on convection-permitting simulations through the surface flux calculation in an effort to understand how the asymmetry imposed by a mean wind influences the propagation of aggregated structures in convection. The simulations show that, with imposing mean flow, the organized convective system propagates in the direction of the flow but slows down compared to what pure advection would suggest, and it eventually becomes stationary relative to the surface after 15 simulation days. The termination of the propagation arises from momentum flux, which acts as a drag on the near-surface horizontal wind. In contrast, the thermodynamic response through the wind-induced surface heat exchange feedback is a relatively small effect, which slightly retards the propagation of the convection relative to the mean wind.
Unexpected enhancement of ozone exposure and health risks during National Day in China
Authors: Wang Peng , Shen Juanyong , Xia Men , Sun Shida , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Hongliang , Wang Xinming
Published: July 2021

Abstract. China is confronting increasing ozone (O3) pollution that worsens air
quality and public health. Extreme O3 pollution occurs more
frequently under special events and unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Here we observed significantly elevated maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8)
O3 (up to 98 ppb) during the Chinese National Day holiday (CNDH) in
2018 throughout China, with a prominent rise by up to 120 % compared to
the previous week. The air quality model shows that increased precursor
emissions and regional transport are major contributors to the elevation. In
the Pearl River Delta region, the regional transport contributed up to 30 ppb O3 during the CNDH. Simultaneously, aggravated health risk occurs
due to high O3, inducing 33 % additional deaths throughout China.
Moreover, in tourist cities such as Sanya, daily mortality even increases
significantly from 0.4 to 1.6. This is the first comprehensive study to
investigate O3 pollution during the CNDH at the national level, aiming to
arouse more focus on the O3 holiday impact of the public.
Quantification of Blue Carbon in Salt Marshes of the Pacific Coast of Canada
Authors: Chastain Stephen G. , Kohfeld Karen E. , Pellatt Marlow G. , Olid Carolina , Gailis Maija
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Tidal salt marshes are known to accumulate “blue carbon” at high rates relative to their surface area, which render these systems among the Earth’s most efficient carbon (C) sinks. However, the potential for tidal salt marshes to mitigate global warming remains poorly constrained because of the lack of representative sampling of tidal marshes from around the globe, inadequate areal extent estimations, and inappropriate dating methods for accurately estimating C accumulation rates. Here we provide the first estimates of organic C storage and accumulation rates in salt marshes along the Pacific Coast of Canada, within the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, a region currently underrepresented in global compilations. Within the context of other sites from the Pacific Coast of North America, these young Clayoquot Sound marshes have relatively low C stocks but are accumulating C at rates that are higher than the global average, with pronounced differences between high and low marsh habitats. The average C stock calculated during the past 30 years is 54 ± 5 Mg C ha−1 (mean ± standard error), which accounts for 81 % of the C accumulated to the base of the marsh peat layer (67 ± 9 Mg C ha−1). The total C stock is just under one-third of previous global estimates of salt marsh C stocks, likely due to the shallow depth and young age of the marsh. In contrast, the average C accumulation rate (CAR) (184 ± 50 g C m−2 yr−1 to the base of the peat layer) is higher than both CARs from salt marshes along the Pacific coast (112 ± 12 g C m−2 yr−1) and global estimates (91 ± 7 g C m−2 yr−1). This difference was even more pronounced when we considered individual marsh zones: CARs were significantly greater in high marsh (303 ± 45 g C m−2 yr−1) compared to the low marsh sediments (63 ± 6 g C m−2 yr−1), an observation unique to Clayoquot Sound among NE Pacific Coast marsh studies. We attribute low CARs in the low marsh zones to shallow-rooting vegetation, reduced terrestrial sediment inputs, negative relative sea level rise in the region, and enhanced erosional processes. Per-hectare, CARs in Clayoquot Sound marsh soils are approximately 2–7 times greater than C uptake rates based on net ecosystem productivity in Canadian boreal forests, which highlights their potential importance as C reservoirs and the need to consider their C accumulation capacity as a climate mitigation co-benefit when conserving for other salt marsh ecosystem services.
Multi-variate factorisation of numerical simulations
Authors: Lunt Daniel J. , Chandan Deepak , Haywood Alan M. , Lunt George M. , Rougier Jonathan C. , Salzmann Ulrich , Schmidt Gavin A. , Valdes Paul J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Factorisation (also known as “factor separation”) is widely used in the analysis of numerical simulations. It allows changes in properties of a system to be attributed to changes in multiple variables associated with that system. There are many possible factorisation methods; here we discuss three previously proposed factorisations that have been applied in the field of climate modelling: the linear factorisation, the Stein and Alpert (1993) factorisation, and the Lunt et al. (2012) factorisation. We show that, when more than two variables are being considered, none of these three methods possess all four properties of “uniqueness”, “symmetry”, “completeness”, and “purity”. Here, we extend each of these factorisations so that they do possess these properties for any number of variables, resulting in three factorisations – the “linear-sum” factorisation, the “shared-interaction” factorisation, and the “scaled-residual” factorisation. We show that the linear-sum factorisation and the shared-interaction factorisation reduce to be identical in the case of four or fewer variables, and we conjecture that this holds for any number of variables. We present the results of the factorisations in the context of three past studies that used the previously proposed factorisations.
Improved double Fourier series on a sphere and its application to a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian shallow water model
Authors: Yoshimura Hiromasa
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The computational cost of a spectral model using spherical harmonics (SH) increases significantly at high resolution because the transform method with SH requires O(N3) operations, where N is the truncation wavenumber. One way to solve this problem is to use double Fourier series (DFS) instead of SH, which requires O(N2 log N) operations. This paper proposes a new DFS method that improves the numerical stability of the model compared with the conventional DFS methods by adopting the following two improvements: a new expansion method that employs the least-squares method (or the Galerkin method) to calculate the expansion coefficients in order to minimize the error caused by wavenumber truncation, and new basis functions that satisfy the continuity of both scalar and vector variables at the poles. In the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian shallow water model using the new DFS method, the Williamson test cases 2 and 5 and the Galewsky test case give stable results without the appearance of high-wavenumber noise near the poles, even without using horizontal diffusion. The new DFS model is faster than the SH model, especially at high resolutions, and gives almost the same results.
Technical note: Hydrology modelling R packages – a unified analysis of models and practicalities from a user perspective
Authors: Astagneau Paul C. , Thirel Guillaume , Delaigue Olivier , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Parajka Juraj , Brauer Claudia C. , Viglione Alberto , Buytaert Wouter , Beven Keith J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Following the rise of R as a scientific programming language, the increasing requirement for more transferable research and the growth of data availability in hydrology, R packages containing hydrological models are becoming more and more available as an open-source resource to hydrologists. Corresponding to the core of the hydrological studies workflow, their value is increasingly meaningful regarding the reliability of methods and results. Despite package and model distinctiveness, no study has ever provided a comparison of R packages for conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling from a user perspective by contrasting their philosophy, model characteristics and ease of use. We have selected eight packages based on our ability to consistently run their models on simple hydrology modelling examples. We have uniformly analysed the exact structure of seven of the hydrological models integrated into these R packages in terms of conceptual storages and fluxes, spatial discretisation, data requirements and output provided. The analysis showed that very different modelling choices are associated with these packages, which emphasises various hydrological concepts. These specificities are not always sufficiently well explained by the package documentation. Therefore a synthesis of the package functionalities was performed from a user perspective. This synthesis helps to inform the selection of which packages could/should be used depending on the problem at hand. In this regard, the technical features, documentation, R implementations and computational times were investigated. Moreover, by providing a framework for package comparison, this study is a step forward towards supporting more transferable and reusable methods and results for hydrological modelling in R.
Systematic review of risk prediction studies in bone and joint infection: are modifiable prognostic factors useful in predicting recurrence?
Authors: Dudareva Maria , Hotchen Andrew , McNally Martin A. , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Scarborough Matthew , Collins Gary
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Background:
Classification systems for orthopaedic infection include patient health
status, but there is no consensus about which comorbidities affect prognosis. Modifiable factors including substance use, glycaemic control, malnutrition
and obesity may predict post-operative recovery from infection.
Aim:
This systematic review aimed (1) to critically appraise clinical prediction
models for individual prognosis following surgical treatment for orthopaedic
infection where an implant is not retained; (2) to understand the usefulness
of modifiable prognostic factors for predicting treatment success.
Methods:
EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for clinical prediction and
prognostic studies in adults with orthopaedic infections. Infection
recurrence or re-infection after at least 6 months was the primary outcome.
The estimated odds ratios for the primary outcome in participants with
modifiable prognostic factors were extracted and the direction of the effect reported.
Results:
Thirty-five retrospective prognostic cohort studies of 92 693 patients were
included, of which two reported clinical prediction models. No studies were
at low risk of bias, and no externally validated prediction models were identified. Most focused on prosthetic joint infection. A positive
association was reported between body mass index and infection recurrence in
19 of 22 studies, similarly in 8 of 14 studies reporting smoking history and 3 of 4 studies reporting alcohol intake. Glycaemic control and
malnutrition were rarely considered.
Conclusion:
Modifiable aspects of patient health appear to predict outcomes after surgery for orthopaedic infection. There is a need to understand which factors may
have a causal effect. Development and validation of clinical prediction
models that include participant health status will facilitate treatment
decisions for orthopaedic infections.
Monitoring the Daily Evolution and Extent of Snow Drought
Authors: Hatchett Benjamin James , Rhoades Alan Michael , McEvoy Daniel J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Snow droughts are commonly defined as below average snowpack at a point in time, typically 1 April in the western United States (wUS). This definition is valuable for interpreting the state of the snowpack but obscures the temporal evolution of snow drought. Borrowing from dynamical systems theory, we applied phase diagrams to visually examine the evolution of snow water equivalent (SWE) and accumulated precipitation conditions in maritime, intermountain, and continental snow climates in the wUS using station observations as well as spatially distributed estimates of SWE and precipitation. Using a percentile-based drought definition phase diagrams of daily observed SWE and precipitation highlighted decision-relevant aspects of snow drought such as onset, evolution, and termination. The phase diagram approach can be used in tandem with spatially distributed estimates of daily SWE and precipitation to reveal variability in snow drought type and extent. When combined streamflow or other data, phase diagrams and spatial estimates of snow drought conditions can help inform drought monitoring and early warning and help link snow drought type and evolution impacts on ecosystems, water resources, and recreation. A web tool is introduced allowing users to create real-time or historic snow drought phase diagrams.
Assessing soil redistribution of forest and cropland sites in wet tropical Africa using 239+240Pu fallout radionuclides
Authors: Wilken Florian , Fiener Peter , Ketterer Michael , Meusburger Katrin , Muhindo Daniel Iragi , van Oost Kristof , Doetterl Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Due to the rapidly growing population in tropical Africa, a substantial rise
in food demand is predicted in upcoming decades, which will result in higher
pressure on soil resources. However, there is limited knowledge on soil
redistribution dynamics following land conversion into arable land in
tropical Africa that is partly caused by infrastructure limitations for
long-term landscape-scale monitoring. In this study, fallout radionuclides 239+240Pu are used to assess soil redistribution along topographic
gradients at two cropland sites and at three nearby pristine forest sites
located in the DR Congo, Uganda and Rwanda. In the study area, a
239+240Pu baseline inventory is found that is higher than typically
expected for tropical regions (mean forest inventory 41 Bq m−2).
Pristine forests show no indication of soil redistribution based on 239+240Pu along topographical gradients. In contrast, soil erosion and
sedimentation on cropland reached up to 37 cm (81 Mg ha−1 yr−1)
and 40 cm (87 Mg ha−1 yr−1) within the last 55 years,
respectively. Cropland sites show high intra-slope variability with
locations showing severe soil erosion located in direct proximity to
sedimentation sites. This study shows the applicability of a valuable method
to assess tropical soil redistribution and provides insight into soil
degradation rates and patterns in one of the most socio-economically and
ecologically vulnerable regions of the world.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Bina Bisnis Pembuatan Pot Bunga Kekinian Untuk Masyarakat Perumahan Baruna
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Desyanti Desyanti
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Berdasarkan hasil observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan masyarakat perumahan Baruna tentang bentuk kewirausahaan yang mereka ingin jalankan selama masa pendemi Covid 19 saat ini yang dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 lalu. Diperoleh keinginan untuk membuka bisnis pot bunga kekinian yang lagi tren di media sosial saat itu. Masyarakat atau warga perumahan tertarik untuk memperoleh penjelasan tentang cara berwiraswasta yang mengarah kepada pembuatan pot bunga kekinian, sehingga menawarkan kepada masayarakat untuk membuat pelatihan kewirausahaan dan cara membuat pot bunga kekinian tersebut. Ini penting karena masyarakat perumahan masih belum mengetahui manfaat dan cara detail pembuatan pot bunga tersebut, sebagai salah satu peluang bisinis kedepannya. Maka dibuatlah kegiatan yang memberikan informasi tentang bisnis dan semangat kewirausahaan terhadap usaha penjualan pot bunga kekinian di masyarakat perumahan tersebut melalui suatu kegiatan training dan workshop bina bisnis pembuatan pot bunga kekinian. Setelah kegiatan masyarakat mulai paham dan bisa menjalankan bisnis pembuatan pot bunga yang diajarkan melaui training dengan telah memiliki ilmu dan beberapa teknik pembuatan pot bunga tersebut sebagai sebuah aktifitas kewirausasaan yang baru.
Kata kunci: kewirausahaan, bina bisnis, pot bunga kekinian
Colonialismo, Antropología y reemergencias indígenas en Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Gerrard Ana Cecilia
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo analizaré la reemergencia del pueblo selk’nam en Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), un territorio que desde los albores de la colonización llevada a cabo por los Estados argentino y chileno, ha sido imaginado como blanco y europeo, como un sitio donde ya no habrían indígenas. La reemergencia de los selk’nam y los yaganes, su presencia ontológica y el avance de sus agendas políticas en los últimos treinta años tensionan las narrativas fundacionales del territorio provincial y cuestionan el lugar de la Antropología en la extinción discursiva de estos pueblos.
Empiryczna adekwatność Arystotelesowskiej mądrości praktycznej
Authors: Szutta Natasza
Published: July 2021

Krytyka mądrości praktycznej jest drugą linią ataku sytuacjonistów na etykę cnót. W ramach tej linii argumentacyjnej sytuacjoniści powołują się na eksperymenty przeprowadzone przez psychologów kognitywnych, które ich zdaniem dowodzą, że na ogół nasze działanie jest konsekwencją wielu nieświadomych i automatycznych procesów poznawczych i motywacyjnych niezgodnych z naszymi moralnymi przekonaniami i wartościami. Tymczasem Arystotelesowska mądrość praktyczna – cnota o fundamentalnym znaczeniu dla etyków cnót – zakłada harmonię quasi-automatycznych i refleksyjnych procesów poznania, motywowania i działania oraz naszego moralnego zaangażowania. To – zdaniem sytuacjonistów – ma świadczyć o empirycznej nieadekwatności Arystotelesowskiej phronesis. Mój artykuł jest próbą odparcia tej krytyki przez pokazanie, że najnowsze badania w zakresie psychologii społecznej i kognitywnej nie kwestionują doskonalenia praktycznej mądrości w Arystotelesowskim ujęciu, przeciwnie pozwalają pokazać, jak nauka o cnocie etycznej współgra z wynikami najnowszych badań empirycznych.
O stawaniu się dobrym człowiekiem: wąskie dyspozycje i stabilność cnoty
Authors: Kamtekar Rachana
Published: July 2021

Trwa dyskusja na temat tego, czy i w jakim stopniu można nauczyć się procesów automatycznych i nierozumnych motywów, kierujących większością spośród naszych działań. W swoim artykule skupiam się na trzech kwestiach, którym moim zdaniem nie poświęca się należytej uwagi we współczesnym dyskursie. Po pierwsze, nasze zainteresowanie tym, by stać się dobrymi (jak najlepszymi) ludźmi, należy oddzielić od zainteresowania tym, by być lepszym niż inni lub ogół, a skoro tak, to musimy uważać z powoływaniem się na pewne badania z zakresu psychologii eksperymentalnej, gdyż wiele publikacji z tego zakresu przyjmuje, że cnota jest czymś wyróżniającym. Zamiast traktować cnotę jako coś wyróżniającego pewnych ludzi spośród innych, powinniśmy postrzegać ją jako czynnik korygujący niektóre ludzkie skłonności destruktywne dla osobistego i społecznego dobra. Po drugie, zwracam uwagę, że koncepcja, zgodnie z którą cnota może rozwinąć się z sytuacyjnych dyspozycji na drodze ich przemyślanego uogólniania i zespalania z innymi podobnymi dyspozycjami, musi zmierzyć się z trudnościami z wprowadzaniem jej w życie. Po trzecie, proponuję, żebyśmy zamiast poszukiwać ogólnego przepisu na rozwinięcie pożądanych dyspozycji skupili się na przyczynach stabilności bądź niestabilności każdej z tych dyspozycji z osobna.
STUDY OF VARIABILITY IN THE ACTIVITY OF RIBOSOMAL CISTRONES IN COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: CHIGVINADZE NINO , PANTSULAIA IA , JOKHADZE TINATIN
Published: July 2021

According to the World Health Organization, colon cancer is one of the most common cancers. By 2020, approximately 1,900,000 cases of CRC were detected worldwide (a total of 10%). In 2020, American Cancer Society 104,610 new cases of CRC were identified and 53,200 patients died. Similar to other tumors colon cancer (CRC) is a genetically inherited multifactorial disease. It is established that genetic, immunologic, as well as environmental factors, all play significant role in CRC development and metastasis. As mentioned, carcinogenesis is associated with the whole number of genetic phenomena ongoing in certain groups of the genes; it is of staged nature and includes interactions of gene suppressors and oncogenes. Many genes responsible for CRC development were identified, family forms were described as well. In particular, high risk of CRC development in case of family history of adenomatous polyposis was demonstrated. As mentioned, neoplastic variability of the tumors is associated with changed morphogenesis of the nucleus, in turn, playing certain role in regulation of the suppressor genes p53, APC and pro-carcinogenesis KRAS.
ACID-BASE (PH) HOMEOSTASIS AND ITS EFFECT ON WOMEN’S HEALTH
Authors: KAVTARADZE MAIA , KHELASHVILI NINO , KHELASHVILI MARIKA
Published: July 2021

Protein and hydrocarbon metabolism disorder, along with the effect of carcinogenic substances is the most important factor of cancer formation. Acid-base homeostasis is of crucial importance for human health. Based on the majority of researches one may say that disorders of acid-base homeostasis can be related to acid-base transport systems in the kidneys, though it still remains a subject of discussion and proper analysis.
FOREIGN BODY IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT (ESOPHAGUS) CASE STUDY
Authors: SANODZE NINO , SHVANGIRADZE NANO
Published: July 2021

The majority of foreign body ingestions occur in children between the ages of six months and three years. Most cases are brought to medical attention by a child's caregivers following a witnessed or reported ingestion. Many of the children are asymptomatic or have transient symptoms at the time of the ingestion. Clinical management focuses on identifying and treating the cases at risk for complications, which depend on the location and type of foreign body. A battery lodged in the esophagus should be removed urgently. There was not recommended to take anything orally when swallowing a battery according to these guidelines until the body has been radiographically determined and removed endoscopically. Recent studies using natural and artificial models of batteries in the esophagus of animals have shown that early and repeated administration of honey or sucralfate before removal may reduce the degree of esophageal burns.
Risks and threats as system-forming categories of state control and supervision
Authors: Maslov K. V. , Matnenko A. S.
Published: July 2021

The subject. The key characteristics of risks and threats in state control context are researched comprehensively.

The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that threats and risks should be the basis for determining the content of other elements of the system of state control and supervision.

The methodology. The authors use the formal legal interpretation of normative acts, as well as systemic approach and analysis of philosophical literature, concepts of the security the-ory and monographs in different branches of law.

The main results, scope of application. The relationship between the concepts of "threats" and "risks" is determined, and their author's definitions are proposed. A threat in control and supervisory activities is a set of events or acts that cause or are capable of causing damage to socially significant values. Risks are such threats to socially significant values, which are expressed in the actions of participants of social relations. Risks are associated with an incorrect assessment of the objective situation and can lead to harm with varying degrees of probability. The categories "risk" (in the negative aspect) and "threat" highlight two facets of the same entity. When describing malicious phenomena as threats, attention is focused on the possibility of causing harm as an integral attribute of such phenomena. Understanding them as risks allows us to give a quantitative description of the probability of occurrence of harmful consequences of the impact of a particular act on the protected object. Problems are identified in the reflection of the essential characteristics of risks and threats in the current legislation on state control (supervision) and in the new Federal Law of 31.07.2020 No. 248-FZ "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation". The analysis of the Russian legislation shows that there is no comprehensive approach to fixing the essential characteristics of threats and risks, which are aimed at minimizing the control and supervisory activities. New Russian Law No. 248-FZ of 31.07.2020 also demonstrates that the legislator does not have a systematic approach to identifying risks and other threats and therefore effective measures to counteract their implementation through control and supervisory activities are not determined. The scientific substantiation of the characteristics of risks and threats in general allows both to enrich the theory of public control, and to improve the legislation on control and supervisory activities, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the protection of public interests in the process of its application.

Conclusions. The key nature of threats and risks for determining other elements of the sys-tem of state control and supervision is substantiated The use of the term “threat" is preferred because of its more universal nature. Threats determines both the goals and principles of control and supervisory activities in any area, as well as its forms and methods.
Reservations and declarations to tax treaties
Authors: Khavanova I. A.
Published: July 2021

The subject of the article.The article represents a research of conceptual properties and issues of applying reservations and declarations to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, developed in frames of implementing the OECD/G20 Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). The Multilateral Tax Convention modifies the application of agreements for avoiding double taxation, that are covered by its action. Since January 1, 2021 it has been applied to 34 agreements for avoiding double taxation between the Russian Federation and such countries as the UK, Canada, Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands and France. The Multilateral Tax Convention provides for updating bilateral tax treaties – whether they were developed upon the OECD Model Tax Convention or the UN Model Tax convention. The Convention retains a great degree of flexibility in relation to the implementation of its provisions – especially by the means of reservations, made by the countries.

The purpose of the articleis to identify the main characteristics of applying reservations and declarations in international tax law.

The methodology.The study is based on empirical methods of comparison and description, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic.

The main results.Reservations have played a minor role in international taxation until now – usually they reflected disagreement, expressed by an OECD member country with the provisions of the OECD Model Tax Convention or its Official commentary. Reservations were formulated in relation to a non-binding (model) document and their importance was limited. Such reservations cannot be associated with declarations, made in relation to legally binding documents like the Multilateral Tax Convention. Analyzing the general points of scientific dispute upon the mentioned range of issues, the author argues with researchers who deem that the structure of reservations to the Multilateral Tax Convention doesn’t correspond with the provisions over reservations in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 and thus recognize those reservations as “legal hybrids”.

Conclusions.The structure of reservations to the International Tax Convention is deter-mined by the nature of double taxation agreements. The model lawmaking principle (the use of the OECD Model Tax Convention) allowed developing “umbrella” architecture of relationships between the provisions of the Multilateral Tax Convention and the norms of double taxation agreements. The article categorizes types of reservations as reservations of general nature and treaty-specific reservations. The article also considers the specific properties of reservations made in relation to the provisions of the Convention, which com-pose a minimal standard.
Synthesis of some new 6-aryl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazoles and its anti-microbial study
Authors: Joshi K. A. , Dhalani J. M. , Bhatt H. B. , Kapadiya K. M.
Published: July 2021

New series of fused 1,2,4-triazoles, i.e., 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-6-substituted phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (5a-5j) have been synthesized via a four-step procedure and using eco-friendly reaction condition at some steps of the synthesis. It was adopted by the formation of hydrazide of methyl 4-isopropylbenzoate (1) followed by reaction with CS2 in basic media to afford potassium salt, which on cyclized to our essential step, 4-amino-5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (4). The desired adducts (5a-5j) were formed by (4) on reaction with various aromatic acids in POCl3 media. The newly synthesized triazolo- thiadiazoles have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and investigated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. It was revealed that the compounds 5a, 5c, 5h, and 5i showed interesting antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.
Analysis of selected allergens present in alcohol-based perfumes
Authors: Łętocha Anna , Rachwalik Rafał
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research was to analyse fragrance allergens in selected alcohol-based perfumery products with the application of gas chromatography. Toilet waters and scented waters were analysed. Samples of the selected perfumery products were tested for the presence of typical allergens, such as linalool, citral, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol and alpha-isomethyl ionone, in the so-called fragrance concentrate. The obtained results showed that each of the products contained at least a few of the above-mentioned allergens. Nevertheless, the majority of the analysed products satisfied the recommendations of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products valid for cosmetics intended to remain on the skin for some time.
Motion Detection of Webcam Using Frame Differencing Method
Authors: Nagpal Pooja , Bhaskar Bajaj Shalini , Jatain Aman , Chaudhary Sarika
Published: July 2021

It is the capability of humans and as well as vehicles to automatically detect object level motion that results into collision less navigation and also provides sense of situation. This paper presents a technique for secure object level motion detection which yields more accurate results. To achieve this, python code has been used along with various machine learning libraries. The detection algorithm uses the advantage of background subtraction and fed in data to detect even the slightest movement this system makes use of a webcam to scan a premise and detect movement of any sort; on the recognition of any activity it immediately sends an alert message to the owner of the system via mail. Any person requiring a surveillance system can use it.
Experimental Investigation of Propeller Performance with Propeller Surface Corrugations
Authors: Prabhu S. Gowtham , S. Azhagarasan , K. Pavithra , G. Sasi
Published: July 2021

The propeller is the primary component of flying vehicles powered by electric motors, internal combustion engines, and turboprops for producing thrust. A propeller thrust is produced in the engine by effective spinning of the propeller through air for cost-effective and environmental friendly flight. Natural flyers like birds as well as aquatic animals like humpback whales effectively use its wings and flippers with its surface features for capturing its prey and escaping from their enemies. As part of this work, corrugations are established in the leading edges or in the suction surfaces of the propeller to modify the flow field prevailing over there. Because of the flow field, the surface corrugations or leading edge corrugations energize the boundary layer in the surfaces of the propeller by counter-rotating vortices which, in turn, delays the separation of the boundary layer from the surface. The performance parameters of the propeller such as thrust, torque, propeller efficiency, power consumption etc., are measured using propeller test rig. Depending on the location of surface or leading corrugations, the variations in the performance of the propeller are investigated for further optimization on the selection of better propeller to the applications of UAVs operating at low Reynolds No.
Quality Management of an Infrastructure Project with A Case Study of Two-Tier Flyover Bridge
Authors: Babu M. Ram , Sekkhar T. Seshadri
Published: July 2021

Quality management in the project is of considerable importance from both an economic and a social point of view. The bridge construction project is located on the local road networks and focuses on many complex problems and issues that can be effectively solved by the quality management process. The research is to identify the best system for quality management in the bridge construction project. Quality Management plays an important role in the entire construction process. Total Quality Management, Quality Assurance and Quality Control ranked highest respectively as a part of quality management practices being followed in projects. Finding defects early will save you a lot of money, and you will see the project proceed as expected. The results of this study will document the early defects and solutions to it which help to improve the quality system of bridge construction projects. It focuses on providing a tool and idea to improve quality management for the construction. It also assists the contractor, consultancy and customer to understand best practices for the quality management system used in the bridge construction process.
Speechless
Authors: Bashir Rida
Published: July 2021

This paper sets out fromthe understanding that empowerment is a process by which those who have been denied power gain power, in particular the ability to make strategic life choices. For women, these could be the capacity to choose a marriage partner, a livelihood, or whether or not to have children. For this power to come about, three interrelated dimensions are needed: access to and control of resources; agency (the ability to use these resources to bring about new opportunities) and achievements (the attainment of new social outcomes). Empowerment, therefore, is both a process and an end result. This understanding differs greatly from instrumentalist interpretations which view empowerment purely in terms of measurable outcomes. Instrumentalist interpretations are problematic because they convey the belief that social change can be predicted and prescribed in a cause-and-effect way and undermine the notion that women’s empowerment should be about the ability of women to make self-determined choices. Third World countries are increasingly forced to rely on internal resource mobilization to make up for sharp reductions in external aid and resources. Alongside this, development processes are often indifferent to the interests and needs of the poor. In this scenario, women’s contributions as workers and as managers of human welfare-are central to the ability of households, communities, and nations to tackle the resulting crisis. However, women suffer from decreased access to resources and increased demands on their labor and time. If human survival is the world’s most pressing problem, and if women are crucial to that survival, then the empowerment of women is essential for the emergence of new, creative, and cooperative solutions. As part of the empowerment process, feminism and collective action are fundamental but feminism must not be monolithic in its issues, goals, and strategies, since it should constitute the political expression of the concerns and interests of women from different regions, classes, nationalities, and ethnic backgrounds. There is and must be a diversity of feminisms, responsive to the different needs and concerns of different women and defined by women for themselves. The underlying foundation to this diversity is the common opposition to gender oppression and other forms of domination. In the ongoing United Nations debate on human rights and sexuality, sexual rights have been conceptualizedin largely negative ways in relation to issues of protection against pregnancy, rape, disease, and violence. This paper calls for an inclusion of more positive aspects of sexual rights.
Sant Nabha Dass and His Life
Authors: Kaur Gill Daljit , Lal Parshotam
Published: July 2021

Saint Nabha Dass was a great Saint and theologian. He was earlier called Narayan Das as Goswami Nabha Das He was also contemporary Goswami Tulsi Das had written epic the Ramayana. He was a hindi poet saint reformer and phiiosher from Ramandi Samperdaya. In the lineage of Ramanand Acharya renowed from his devotion to the lord Shri Rama. A composer of the several popular work, he is best known as the author of the Bhaktmal which is the history Bhakti Sahitra. Guru Nabha Das was a Saint, theologian and author of Holy Scripture, The Bhagat Maal, in this sacred Scripture, Nabha Das wrote the life history of almost every saint ranging from satyug to the Kalyug era.
Acute thrombectomy for saddle pulmonary embolus: Case presentation and review of management
Authors:   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC Australia, Shukla Rajeev , Pakavakis Adrian ,   Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC Australia, Nair Prasanth Sadasivan ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC Australia, Shukla Anna ,   School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia, Smith Julian A ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC Australia, Joshi Prashant ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC Australia
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death after myocardial infarction and stroke [1,2,4,5]. Anticoagulation is the primary choice of treatment for the majority of patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism [2,4]. However, a greater risk of mortality in patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction may open the door to more aggressive treatment modalities [2]. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with a post-operative saddle pulmonary embolus that failed initial treatment with anticoagulation and required emergency thrombectomy to prevent mortality. A brief overview of treatment options is highlighted.