bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multicriteria Approach to Assessing Landslide Community Resilience. Case Study: Bumiaji Sub-District
Authors: Prasetya Akhmad Rizki Ajie , Rachmawati Turniningtyas Ayu , Usman Fadly
Published: June 2023

Bumiaji Sub-District is located in a mountainous area with a high-risk level of landslides. Throughout 2017-2022, there were 45 landslide events affected physical, social, and economic damages. One approach to reduce disaster risk is building community resilience. This research aims to assess Landslide Community resilience in Bumiaji Sub-District. It is important to describe the characteristic of resilience level in each village. This research was done by using AHP to determine the weight of variables and indicators, then calculated with Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) based on six variables: Physical, Social, Economic, Environmental, Community Capital, and Institutional. Data was collected by primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by using interviews with experts from the government and the local community in Batu City, and secondary data was collected from the literature study. The results of AHP show that the highest priority of indicators is community preparedness, and the lowest priority is the number of health facilities. The weight of each factor was multiplied by the values of the indicators to assess the landslide community resilience index. The highest level of community resilience is Punten, caused by the high score in Physical, Economic, and Institutional aspects. The low level of resilience is Bumiaji and Pandanrejo Village. Both villages did not have regular mitigation programs to strengthen local communities, so the resilience level of community capital is low.
Surabaya City Surface Temperature Distribution Based On Land Cover And Vegetation Density
Authors: Widyastuty A A S A , Rukmana S N , Feninlambir Hans
Published: June 2023

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, the atmospheric temperature of Surabaya City averagely from 2012-2017 was 28,1° per year. In 2017, land use was developed by 48% and undeveloped land by 52%. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Surabaya City’s surface temperature distribution based on land cover characteristics and vegetation density in 2019. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with Overlay and Remote Sensing analysis techniques. The results of the analysis found that the dominant type of land cover in 2019 was undeveloped land (51%), and the vegetation density class was dominated by a very low density of green and a low density of green with a value of 0.4 − 0.25. In this case, the western part of Surabaya has a low surface temperature ranging from 23,2°C − 24°C, located in Pakal district. While the highest surface temperature (31°C − 41,1°C) is in the eastern part of Surabaya and the largest is in the Rungkut District. In conclusion, in the type of land cover and vegetation density class significantly affect the increase or decrease in surface temperature in Surabaya City.
Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development in Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Siswanto Vely Kukinul , Larasati Aida Fitri
Published: June 2023

Tosari District is one of the tourist villages in Pasuruan Regency that has potential ecotourism because it is the gateway to Mount Bromo National Park. There are protected areas with the socio-cultural values of the Tenggerese Tribe. Ecotourism is an appropriate concept because it prioritizes sustainability, environmental conservation, and the uniqueness of tourist attraction objects. Developing sustainable rural infrastructure is the key to inclusive development to improve the concept of Ecotourism, thereby increasing economic resilience and engaging community productivity. This study aims to analyze the development of rural infrastructure that can improve ecotourism management. This study uses a qualitative approach to identify problems that are closely related to the provision of the physical infrastructure to reduce disaster levels, infrastructure that can boost agricultural productivity, and social infrastructure that needs to be established for ecotourism purposes. The need for infrastructure development is translated into the provision of waste management, disaster protection infrastructure, and improvement of road and communication infrastructure. The concept of a cultural approach requires carrying out tourism operations and preserving the culture of the Tengger tribe.
A Review of Adaptive Reuse of Urban Heritage: Relevant Lesson from Semarang Old Town, Indonesia
Authors: Suminar Lintang , Aliyah Istijabatul , Kusumastuti  , Pratama Kiki Fadhillah
Published: June 2023

Semarang Old Town is proof of the use of a prosperous cultural heritage area in Indonesia. The purpose of this study contains a study that explains the application of adaptive reuse in cultural heritage areas in Semarang Old Town. The data collection method was field observation and document review, while the analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis. The data analyzed in this study were in the form of spatial data and a-spatial data from Semarang Old Town. The study results show that Semarang Old Town is evidence of the successful use of cultural heritage areas. Within five years, the government and the community have succeeded in changing the area that was formerly slum, prone to crime, flooding, and various other social problems into one of the national and international tourist destinations, which also helps improve the socio-economic life of the community. The conservation of the area that has been carried out is in accordance with adaptive reuse theories, which change the function of the building from a residential area to a commercial and office area along with its management procedures which are realized by collaborating with the renovation and conservation method of the building while maintaining the original form of the building.
The Challenge of Rice Farming in Urbanized Region: The case of Sragen District, Central Java.
Authors: Rahayu Paramita , Werdiningtyas Ratri , Suminar Lintang , Kusumastuti
Published: June 2023

Land conversion and food security are two related aspects that should be part of managing the system of cities and their surrounding regions. Rapid land conversion in fertile soil can be caused by hardship to get continuous water supply for agricultural system, competition over development sectors, or limited income from agricultural sectors. This paper investigates what challenges should be countered by the rice farming in rapidly urbanized region and what strategies should be applied to overcome the challenge. The study uses case study method with Sragen District for macro level analysis, and Gondang and Sragen, two sub-districts in Sragen District for micro level analysis. Interviews, survey with questionnaire, and focus group discussion are conducted for data collection The results show that Sragen District is experiencing decreasing number of agricultural workforce and contribution of agricultural sector to its GRDP. Low productivity of agricultural sector, especially of rice farming, due to small plot of rice field, high production cost, and difficulty to maintain continuous water supply for irrigation due to competition over water for irrigation and domestic uses are among the problems encountered by farmers. More strict regulation regarding variation of water function and uses, by multi stakeholders, and subsidy for agricultural input are required to secure the sustainability of rice farming in urbanized region that in the end will affect the sustainability of food and agriculture.
Initial steps towards a robotic solution for the manufacturing and assembly of thin-film space solar arrays
Authors: Carr John A , Thompson Furman , Bumbalough Austin
Published: June 2023

Print-assisted photovoltaic panel assembly (PAPPA), a novel printed electronic process presented herein, uses additive manufacturing to print flexible paneling components around commercial off-the-shelf thin-film solar cells. This builds a fully functional, flexible solar panel, suitable for space environments, via an automated process. Currently, thin-film space solar panels are manufactured via the compilation of piece parts by hand. In contrast PAPPA automates the labor-intensive paneling process. The advantages are twofold: (i) near-term: solar panel cost reduction alongside the enablement of very large-scale production and (ii) long-term: builds towards a capability for in-space solar panel manufacturing. Herein, details of the process, proof-of-concept functional testing, and implications for further development and application are presented.
From spectral analysis to hysteresis loops: a breakthrough in the optimization of magnetic nanomaterials for bioapplications
Authors: Barrera Gabriele , Allia Paolo , Tiberto Paola
Published: June 2023

An innovative method is proposed to determine the most important magnetic properties of bioapplication-oriented magnetic nanomaterials exploiting the connection between hysteresis loop and frequency spectrum of magnetization. Owing to conceptual and practical simplicity, the method may result in a substantial advance in the optimization of magnetic nanomaterials for use in precision medicine. The techniques of frequency analysis of the magnetization currently applied to nanomaterials both in vitro and in vivo usually give a limited, qualitative picture of the effects of the active biological environment, and have to be complemented by direct measurement of the hysteresis loop. We show that the very same techniques can be used to convey all the information needed by present-day biomedical applications without the necessity of doing conventional magnetic measurements in the same experimental conditions. The spectral harmonics obtained analysing the response of a magnetic tracer in frequency, as in magnetic particle spectroscopy/imaging, are demonstrated to lead to a precise reconstruction of the hysteresis loop, whose most important parameters (loop’s area, magnetic remanence and coercive field) are directly obtained through transformation formulas based on simple manipulation of the harmonics amplitudes and phases. The validity of the method is experimentally verified on various magnetic nanomaterials for bioapplications submitted to ac magnetic fields of different amplitude, frequency and waveform. In all cases, the experimental data taken in the frequency domain exactly reproduce the magnetic properties obtained from conventional magnetic measurements.
Evaluation of interlaminar shear strength of co-cured fiber-reinforced fabric composite structures by lap joint method
Authors: Jeon Jae-An , Lee Sang-Eui
Published: June 2023

Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) indicates the resistance to interlaminar delamination of fiber-reinforced composite structures. The short beam shear (SBS) method has been commonly used for ILSS measurement, but unwanted failure modes can appear like a compressive or tensile failure in surface, and diagonal shear failure, causing poor measurement accuracy. The lap joint method has advantage that leading to a clear measurement of the shear strength. This paper proposed the lap joint method for extracting ILSS values of co-cured carbon or glass fiber-reinforced fabric composites (CFRC or GFRC) by minimizing the discrepancy between the experiment and finite element analysis of ILSS test. The lap joint method can compensate for the shortcomings of the SBS method. The calculated ILSS based on the lap joint method (LJ-ILSS) with correction factors showed similar values to the ILSS values by SBS method (SBS-ILSS) done by our work and other works of literature. Therefore, the proposed lap joint method has shown potential as a method to measure ILSS of the co-cured fiber-reinforced fabric composites, but also it can be extended to other types of fiber-reinforced composites.
A theoretical and deep learning hybrid model for predicting surface roughness of diamond-turned polycrystalline materials
Authors: He Chunlei , Yan Jiwang , Wang Shuqi , Zhang Shuo , Chen Guang , Ren Chengzu
Published: June 2023

Polycrystalline materials are extensively employed in industry. Its surface roughness significantly affects the working performance. Material defects, particularly grain boundaries, have a great impact on the achieved surface roughness of polycrystalline materials. However, it is difficult to establish a purely theoretical model for surface roughness with consideration of the grain boundary effect using conventional analytical methods. In this work, a theoretical and deep learning hybrid model for predicting the surface roughness of diamond-turned polycrystalline materials is proposed. The kinematic–dynamic roughness component in relation to the tool profile duplication effect, work material plastic side flow, relative vibration between the diamond tool and workpiece, etc, is theoretically calculated. The material-defect roughness component is modeled with a cascade forward neural network. In the neural network, the ratio of maximum undeformed chip thickness to cutting edge radius R
TS, work material properties (misorientation angle θ
g and grain size d
g), and spindle rotation speed n
s are configured as input variables. The material-defect roughness component is set as the output variable. To validate the developed model, polycrystalline copper with a gradient distribution of grains prepared by friction stir processing is machined with various processing parameters and different diamond tools. Compared with the previously developed model, obvious improvement in the prediction accuracy is observed with this hybrid prediction model. Based on this model, the influences of different factors on the surface roughness of polycrystalline materials are discussed. The influencing mechanism of the misorientation angle and grain size is quantitatively analyzed. Two fracture modes, including transcrystalline and intercrystalline fractures at different R
TS values, are observed. Meanwhile, optimal processing parameters are obtained with a simulated annealing algorithm. Cutting experiments are performed with the optimal parameters, and a flat surface finish with Sa 1.314 nm is finally achieved. The developed model and corresponding new findings in this work are beneficial for accurately predicting the surface roughness of polycrystalline materials and understanding the impacting mechanism of material defects in diamond turning.
A direct laser-synthesized magnetic metamaterial for low-frequency wideband passive microwave absorption
Authors: Huang Yihe , Li Yize , Pan Kewen , Fang Yixian , Chan Kai Chio , Xiao Xiaoyu , Wei Chao , Novoselov Kostya S , Gallop John , Hao Ling , Liu Zhu , Hu Zhirun , Li Lin
Published: June 2023

Highlights:

A new metamaterial was demonstrated to absorb microwaves with 97.2%–97.7% absorption within a wide bandwidth of 1.56 GHz-18.3 GHz.

The material has achieved the highest relative bandwidth and lowest thickness in the L to S-band reported so far.

The design of multiple-layer metamaterial structures was for wide bandwidth microwave absorption.

A one-step laser direct writing method was demonstrated to synthesize graphene and magnetic nanoparticles simultaneously.

The laser direct writing enabled the achievement of an electrical sheet resistance from 57 to 480 Ω sq−1 with a 5% deviation.
Effect of post-process and in-process cooling on wide-area stir zone processed via friction stir processing with pin overlapping
Authors: Keerthana B V S , Satyanarayana M V N V , Reddy K Venkateswara , Shankar M N S
Published: June 2023

In the current investigation, the influence of post-process and in-process cooling on microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical behavior of wide-area stir zone (WSZ) processed with overlapping friction stir processing (OL-FSP) was studied. The WSZ was successfully prepared in Al5083 aluminum alloy using multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) with 50% pin overlapping under both cooling conditions. The post-process cooling FSP (PP-FSP) used solid CO2 as cooling media, whereas the in-process cooling FSP (IP-FSP) used water as cooling media. The microstructural investigations revealed that grain refinement is uniform in each overlapping pass for both cooling conditions. The IP-FSP resulted in better grain refinement than PP-FSP. Three different types of intermetallic particles (needle-shaped Fe-containing, rod-shaped Mg-containing, and very small Mg-containing grain boundary intermetallic particles) were identified in the base alloy and OL-FSP samples. The hardness was observed to be constant across the WSZ due to the uniform grain refinement, and the IP-FSP sample has better hardness and strength than the PP-FSP sample due to the better cooling effect. The elongation followed a similar trend of hardness. The electrochemical findings revealed that the IP-FSP sample has better corrosion resistance than the PP-FSP sample due to the better grain refinement and fine intermetallics.
Boosted fluctuation responses in power grids with active voltage dynamics
Authors: Thümler Moritz , Timme Marc
Published: June 2023

Secure electric energy supply and thus stable operation of power grids fundamentally relies on their capability to cope with fluctuations. Here, we study how active voltage dynamics impacts the collective response dynamics of networked power grids. We find that the systems driven by ongoing fluctuating inputs exhibit a bulk, a resonance, and a localized grid frequency response regime, as for static voltages. However, active voltage dynamics generically weakens the degree of localization in the grid, thereby intensifying and spatially extending the high-frequency responses. An analytic approximation scheme that takes into account shortest signal propagation paths among the voltage, phase angle and frequency variables result in an asymptotic lowest-order expansion that helps understanding the boosted high-frequency responses. These results moreover offer a generic tool to systematically investigate fluctuation response patterns in power grid models with and without active voltage dynamics.
Scalable neural quantum states architecture for quantum chemistry
Authors: Zhao Tianchen , Stokes James , Veerapaneni Shravan
Published: June 2023

Variational optimization of neural-network representations of quantum states has been successfully applied to solve interacting fermionic problems. Despite rapid developments, significant scalability challenges arise when considering molecules of large scale, which correspond to non-locally interacting quantum spin Hamiltonians consisting of sums of thousands or even millions of Pauli operators. In this work, we introduce scalable parallelization strategies to improve neural-network-based variational quantum Monte Carlo calculations for ab-initio quantum chemistry applications. We establish GPU-supported local energy parallelism to compute the optimization objective for Hamiltonians of potentially complex molecules. Using autoregressive sampling techniques, we demonstrate systematic improvement in wall-clock timings required to achieve coupled cluster with up to double excitations baseline target energies. The performance is further enhanced by accommodating the structure of resultant spin Hamiltonians into the autoregressive sampling ordering. The algorithm achieves promising performance in comparison with the classical approximate methods and exhibits both running time and scalability advantages over existing neural-network based methods.
SELFormer: molecular representation learning via SELFIES language models
Authors: Yüksel Atakan , Ulusoy Erva , Ünlü Atabey , Doğan Tunca
Published: June 2023

Automated computational analysis of the vast chemical space is critical for numerous fields of research such as drug discovery and material science. Representation learning techniques have recently been employed with the primary objective of generating compact and informative numerical expressions of complex data, for efficient usage in subsequent prediction tasks. One approach to efficiently learn molecular representations is processing string-based notations of chemicals via natural language processing algorithms. Majority of the methods proposed so far utilize SMILES notations for this purpose, which is the most extensively used string-based encoding for molecules. However, SMILES is associated with numerous problems related to validity and robustness, which may prevent the model from effectively uncovering the knowledge hidden in the data. In this study, we propose SELFormer, a transformer architecture-based chemical language model (CLM) that utilizes a 100% valid, compact and expressive notation, SELFIES, as input, in order to learn flexible and high-quality molecular representations. SELFormer is pre-trained on two million drug-like compounds and fine-tuned for diverse molecular property prediction tasks. Our performance evaluation has revealed that, SELFormer outperforms all competing methods, including graph learning-based approaches and SMILES-based CLMs, on predicting aqueous solubility of molecules and adverse drug reactions, while producing comparable results for the remaining tasks. We also visualized molecular representations learned by SELFormer via dimensionality reduction, which indicated that even the pre-trained model can discriminate molecules with differing structural properties. We shared SELFormer as a programmatic tool, together with its datasets and pre-trained models at https://github.com/HUBioDataLab/SELFormer. Overall, our research demonstrates the benefit of using the SELFIES notations in the context of chemical language modeling and opens up new possibilities for the design and discovery of novel drug candidates with desired features.
Wound Healing Complications With Tranexamic Acid: Not the Silver Bullet After All
Authors: Yalamanchili Suma , Talei Ben , Azizzadeh Babak , Auersvald Andre , Frankel Andrew S
Published: June 2023

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been popularized as an adjunct to decrease the risk of bleeding and subsequent bruising and edema in aesthetic surgery. The most notable risks of TXA are thrombus and seizures, which are associated with higher plasma concentrations of the acid. In an effort to mitigate these risks, surgeons have begun using TXA locally, either as a topical irrigation or mixed into the local anesthetic. Although local use is thought to be safer from a side-effect standpoint, because there is decreased systemic absorption, its use is not without risk. We present 4 patients who developed wound healing complications thought to be related to locally administered TXA. One patient had TXA delivered topically, and 3 patients had TXA mixed into their local anesthetic. These adverse events have not been published in the literature previously. This case report serves as a warning to other surgeons about using locally administered TXA.

Level of Evidence: 4
PIQLE: protein–protein interface quality estimation by deep graph learning of multimeric interaction geometries
Authors: Shuvo Md Hossain , Karim Mohimenul , Roche Rahmatullah , Bhattacharya Debswapna
Published: June 2023

Motivation

Accurate modeling of protein–protein interaction interface is essential for high-quality protein complex structure prediction. Existing approaches for estimating the quality of a predicted protein complex structural model utilize only the physicochemical properties or energetic contributions of the interacting atoms, ignoring evolutionarily information or inter-atomic multimeric geometries, including interaction distance and orientations.

Results

Here, we present PIQLE, a deep graph learning method for protein–protein interface quality estimation. PIQLE leverages multimeric interaction geometries and evolutionarily information along with sequence- and structure-derived features to estimate the quality of individual interactions between the interfacial residues using a multi-head graph attention network and then probabilistically combines the estimated quality for scoring the overall interface. Experimental results show that PIQLE consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods including DProQA, TRScore, GNN-DOVE and DOVE on multiple independent test datasets across a wide range of evaluation metrics. Our ablation study and comparison with the self-assessment module of AlphaFold-Multimer repurposed for protein complex scoring reveal that the performance gains are connected to the effectiveness of the multi-head graph attention network in leveraging multimeric interaction geometries and evolutionary information along with other sequence- and structure-derived features adopted in PIQLE.

Availability and implementation

An open-source software implementation of PIQLE is freely available at https://github.com/Bhattacharya-Lab/PIQLE.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Performance of ChatGPT on Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology multiple-choice questions
Authors: Passby Lauren , Jenko Nathan , Wernham Aaron
Published: June 2023

ChatGPT is a large language model trained on increasingly large datasets by OpenAI to perform language-based tasks. It is capable of answering multiple-choice questions, such as those posed by the Specialty Certificate Examination (SCE) in Dermatology. We asked two iterations of ChatGPT: ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 84 multiple-choice sample questions from the sample SCE in Dermatology question bank. ChatGPT-3.5 achieved an overall score of 63%, and ChatGPT-4 scored 90% (a significant improvement in performance; P < 0.001). The typical pass mark for the SCE in Dermatology is 70–72%. ChatGPT-4 is therefore capable of answering clinical questions and achieving a passing grade in these sample questions. There are many possible educational and clinical implications for increasingly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and its use in medicine, including in the diagnosis of dermatological conditions. Such advances should be embraced provided that patient safety is a core tenet, and the limitations of AI in the nuances of complex clinical cases are recognized.
Angela Carter and Modern Japanese Fiction: Her Reencounter with Western Literary Legacies
Authors: Okuhata Yutaka
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the echo of modern Japanese literature in Angela Carter’s The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972), which was written in Tokyo and Chiba, paying particular attention to four of the most influential authors in this intertextual novel: Junichiro Tanizaki, Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Yasunari Kawabata, and Yukio Mishima. Significantly, as well as being innovators of Japanese fiction, these writers were also great reinterpreters of Western literary legacies, who constructed their own original styles by absorbing both Japanese and non-Japanese literary traditions. The article, therefore, explores how Carter reencountered Western literary legacies through reading modern Japanese literature in order to clarify her feminist and political responses to the reinterpretation of the European and American canon by authors from the Far East.
“Violated Angels”: Japan, Sadism, and Angela Carter’s Sadistic Orientalism
Authors: Dimovitz Scott A
Published: June 2023

This essay examines Angela Carter’s private journals and the British Library’s 2000 pages of letters from her time in Japan to explore Carter’s evolving thinking about the intersections between race, gender, power, and sexuality, from casual expressions of racist stereotypes in the early works through a more radical interrogation of those stereotypes, to a later, more intersectional approach to feminism and race. It explores her uncollected writings for men’s magazines, such as Men Only and Club International, where she describes Japanese attitudes towards sexuality and the practice of irezumi, Japanese tattooing, which she analyzes as an index of a Japanese culture of “repression, narcissism, masochism and superstition” (“Irezumi” 96).
Coronary steal: how many thieves are out there?
Authors: Achim Alexandru , Johnson Nils P , Liblik Kiera , Burckhardt Amélie , Krivoshei Lian , Leibundgut Gregor
Published: June 2023

The colorful term “coronary steal” arose in 1967 to parallel “subclavian steal” coined in an anonymous 1961 editorial. In both instances, the word “steal” described flow reversal in the setting of an interconnected but abnormal vascular network—in one case a left subclavian stenosis proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery and in the other case a coronary fistula. Over time, the term has morphed to include a larger set of pathophysiology without explicit flow reversal but rather with a decrease in stress flow due to other mechanisms. This review aims to shed light on this phenomenon from a clinical and a pathophysiological perspective, detailing the anatomical and physiological conditions that allow so-called steal to appear and offering treatment options for six distinct scenarios.
Consistency in the fingerprints of projected sea level change 2015–2100CE
Authors: Cederberg Gabriel , Jaeger Nicholas , Kiam Lia , Powell Robert , Stoller Posy , Valencic Natasha , Latychev Konstantin , Lickley Megan , Mitrovica Jerry X
Published: June 2023

A large ensemble of ice sheet projections to the end of the 21st century have been compiled within community-based initiatives. These ensembles allow for assessment of uncertainties in projections associated with climate forcing and a wide range of parameters governing ice sheet and shelf dynamics, including ice-ocean interactions. Herein, we compute geographically variable sea level ‘fingerprints’ associated with ∼320 simulations of polar ice sheet projections included in the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 and ∼180 projections of glacier mass changes from the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. We find a strong correlation (coefficient > 0.97) between all fingerprints of Greenland Ice Sheet projections when considering a global region outside the near field of the ice sheet. Consistency in the fingerprints for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) projections is much weaker, though correlation coefficients > 0.80 were found for all projections with global mean sea level (GMSL) greater than 10 cm. The far-field variability in the fingerprints associated with the AIS is due in large part to the sea level change driven by Earth rotation changes. The size and position of the AIS on the south pole makes the rotational component of the sea level fingerprint highly sensitive to the geometry of the ice mass flux, a geometry that becomes more consistent as the GMSL associated with the ice sheet projection increases. Finally, the fingerprints of glacier mass flux show an intermediate level of consistency, with contributions from Antarctic glaciers being the primary driver of decorrelation.
Introduction: Trans identities and the law
Authors: Alaattinoğlu Daniela , Margaria Alice , Osella Stefano
Published: June 2023

This Symposium offers a critical exploration of how the identities of trans people are translated, recognized, and considered in the law. In so doing, it sheds light on the often-difficult coexistence between the lived experiences of trans people and their legal regulation. The main argument that the Symposium advances is that multiple structural—legal, social, and cultural—factors influence the evolution of rights pertaining to gender identity. Identity recognition—the articles show—is also key to accessing multiple other rights and benefits in society. The Symposium includes five articles, all addressing the recognition of diversity and the construction of gender in law, focusing on a variety of jurisdictions and drawing on different disciplinary perspectives. Showing a multifaceted approach to one of the most topical public law challenges, this Symposium discusses the limits and the possibilities of law in advancing the rights of trans people.
The impact of diabetes during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes among the Aboriginal population in Western Australia: a whole-population study
Authors: Ahmed Marwan Awad , Bailey Helen D , Pereira Gavin , White Scott W , Wong Kingsley , McNamara Bridgette J , Rheeder Paul , Marriott Rhonda , Shepherd Carrington C J
Published: June 2023

Background

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) women have a high prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), which includes pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to characterize the impact of DIP in babies born to Aboriginal mothers.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study, using routinely collected linked health data that included all singleton births (N = 510 761) in Western Australia between 1998 and 2015. Stratified by Aboriginal status, generalized linear mixed models quantified the impact of DIP on neonatal outcomes, estimating relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs. Ratio of RRs (RRRs) examined whether RRs differed between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.

Results

Exposure to DIP increased the risk of adverse outcomes to a greater extent in Aboriginal babies. PGDM heightened the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (RR: 4.10, 95% CI: 3.56–4.72; RRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.43), macrosomia (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.67–2.48; RRR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14–1.69), shoulder dystocia (RR: 4.51, 95% CI: 3.14–6.49; RRR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.44–3.33) and major congenital anomalies (RR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.68–2.74; RRR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.24–2.10). GDM increased the risk of LGA (RR: 2.63, 95% CI: 2.36–2.94; RRR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.80–2.22), macrosomia (RR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.72–2.21; RRR: 2.27, 95% CI: 2.01–2.56) and shoulder dystocia (RR: 2.78, 95% CI: 2.12–3.63; RRR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.61–2.77). Birthweight mediated about half of the DIP effect on shoulder dystocia only in the Aboriginal babies.

Conclusions

DIP differentially increased the risks of fetal overgrowth, shoulder dystocia and congenital anomalies in Aboriginal babies. Improving care for Aboriginal women with diabetes and further research on preventing shoulder dystocia among these women can reduce the disparities.
A molecular phylogeny of Noctuini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae)
Authors: Sisson Melissa S , Flom Matthew J , Crossley Janna L , Simmons Rebecca B
Published: June 2023

The tribe Noctuini is comprised over 520 species; many are economically important species that impact human agriculture. Despite their diversity and relevance, relationships of Noctuini have been difficult to resolve. There have been extensive morphological revisions of some of these taxa (e.g., Agrotis Ochsenheimer, Euxoa Hübner); however, there are no studies that focus exclusively on the phylogenetic relationships of the Noctuini. Currently, Noctuini are separated into 2 subtribes, Agrotina and Noctuina. In this study, we tested previous classification schemes with 2 analyses. The total evidence analysis utilized 3 loci for 3 outgroup taxa and 54 noctuine species. Using museum specimens, we collected data from cytochrome oxidase I (COI), Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC), and Elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) to generate a dataset of 1,378 base pairs (bp) for a total evidence approach. We also used previously published COI sequences for 626 species, resulting in a matrix of 690 bp, termed “the barcode analysis.” We used both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches for the total evidence analysis, and ML for the barcode analysis. In both sets of results, we found equivocal support for monophyletic Agrotina and Noctuina. We found strong support for smaller, well-described genera (e.g., Spaelotis), but poor support for large genera such as Euxoa, Feltia Walker, and Agrotis. It is likely that a combination of limited taxon/gene sampling, limited gene choice, and the rapid evolution of these species resulted in a lack of phylogenetic resolution in the total evidence topologies. Based on these results, we recommend increased taxon sampling and inclusion of loci that target these rapidly evolving lineages to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeny of Noctuini and its genera.
Cosmopolitanism and the Creative Activism of Public Art
Authors: Evans Fred
Published: June 2023

Cosmopolitanism seeks a political ethics of world togetherness and a political aesthetics that can contribute to this task critically and imaginatively. Regarding political ethics, I explore the world as a “cosmopolitan mind” composed of “dialogic voices” and threatened by neoliberalism, neofascism, and other nihilistic “oracles.” I also construct a criterion for determining which public artworks (1) resist oracles and (2) help us imagine a “cosmopolitan democracy” and its political ethics. The latter includes the concordance of three ethico-political virtues—solidarity, heterogeneity, and fecundity (creating new voices through the interplay among other voices)—and must appeal to different peoples worldwide. I also examine how this political ethics and aesthetics can be applied to nonhuman life and non-sentient formations in a non-anthropocentric manner; indeed, how the cosmos in its entirety and plurality can also be thought of as voices and participants in the cosmopolitan mind and its artistic expression. Moreover, I contend that my ontology of dialogic voices and proposed public art criterion, like the cosmopolitan mind itself, are “events” or “becomings.” This means that there can never be an articulation of the ontology that is final nor a public art criterion that could curtail the imaginative reach of art.
Building color palettes in your data visualization style guides
Authors: Graze Maxene , Schwabish Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Data visualization style guides are standards for formatting and designing representations of information, like charts, graphs, tables, and diagrams. To assist researchers communicate their visual content in better and more effective ways, this article accomplishes two tasks. First, we take a detailed look at a data visualization style guide and its components—what it is and what it should include. Second, we create a detailed template for the color section of a data visualization style guide.

Target Audience

Creating a data visualization style guide as described here should help researchers across multiple disciplines create better and more consistent charts, graphs, and diagrams. Such style guides are useful for individuals and organizations in their efforts to be more efficient and consistent in their data communication products.

Scope

Data visualization style guides often include explaining the what (eg, types of charts), the why (eg, reasons for using specific colors), and the how (eg, tools or templates) of creating consistent and effective visuals that can also fit within an individual’s or organization’s larger design system. We use a variety of tools to create, test, and implement a data visualization color palette. We provide sample color palettes and provide step-by-step instructions on how to import those palettes into six popular data visualization tools: Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint, Tableau, PowerBI, and Adobe Illustrator and InDesign.
Multi-strategy Remora Optimization Algorithm for solving multi-extremum problems
Authors: Jia Heming , Li Yongchao , Wu Di , Rao Honghua , Wen Changsheng , Abualigah Laith
Published: June 2023

A metaheuristic algorithm that simulates the foraging behavior of remora has been proposed in recent years, called ROA. ROA mainly simulates host parasitism and host switching in the foraging behavior of remora. However, in the experiment, it was found that there is still room for improvement in the performance of ROA. When dealing with complex optimization problems, ROA often falls into local optimal solutions, and there is also the problem of too-slow convergence. Inspired by the natural rule of “Survival of the fittest”, this paper proposes a random restart strategy to improve the ability of ROA to jump out of the local optimal solution. Secondly, inspired by the foraging behavior of remora, this paper adds an information entropy evaluation strategy and visual perception strategy based on ROA. With the blessing of three strategies, a multi-strategy Remora Optimization Algorithm (MSROA) is proposed. Through 23 benchmark functions and IEEE CEC2017 test functions, MSROA is comprehensively tested, and the experimental results show that MSROA has strong optimization capabilities. In order to further verify the application of MSROA in practice, this paper tests MSROA through five practical engineering problems, which proves that MSROA has strong competitiveness in solving practical optimization problems.
Chromosome-level reference genome of stinkwort, Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter: A resource for studies on invasion, range expansion, and evolutionary adaptation under global change
Authors: McEvoy Susan L , Lustenhouwer Nicky , Melen Miranda K , Nguyen Oanh , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Chumchim Noravit , Beraut Eric , Parker Ingrid M , Meyer Rachel S
Published: June 2023

Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, or stinkwort, is a weedy annual plant within the family Asteraceae. The species is recognized for the rapid expansion of both its native and introduced ranges: in Europe, it has expanded its native distribution northward from the Mediterranean basin by nearly 7 °C latitude since the mid-20th century, while in California and Australia the plant is an invasive weed of concern. Here, we present the first de novo D. graveolens genome assembly (1N = 9 chromosomes), including complete chloroplast (151,013 bp) and partial mitochondrial genomes (22,084 bp), created using Pacific Biosciences HiFi reads and Dovetail Omni-C data. The final primary assembly is 835 Mbp in length, of which 98.1% are represented by 9 scaffolds ranging from 66 to 119 Mbp. The contig N50 is 74.9 Mbp and the scaffold N50 is 96.9 Mbp, which, together with a 98.8% completeness based on the BUSCO embryophyta10 database containing 1,614 orthologs, underscores the high quality of this assembly. This pseudo-molecule-scale genome assembly is a valuable resource for our fundamental understanding of the genomic consequences of range expansion under global change, as well as comparative genomic studies in the Asteraceae.
Promoting Peace and Impunity? Amnesty Laws after War in El Salvador and beyond
Authors: Ansorg Nadine , Kurtenbach Sabine
Published: June 2023

Amnesty laws are a widespread practice in the transition from war to peace. They often aim at the transformation of violent conflict by making promises about exemptions from liability for war crimes. Critics argue that amnesties are in violation of international law and reproduce impunity in post-war societies, whereas supporters of amnesty laws focus on their peace-promoting features. Previous research has extensively looked into the second aspect, and found that amnesty laws can open the door to negotiations and a short-term termination of civil war. The question of impunity, however, has not been answered extensively. Applying a Historical Institutionalist framework, we assess the impact of the adoption of amnesty laws on societal impunity, defined as any person or group being exempt from punishment or free from the injurious consequences of an action. Case-study evidence from El Salvador shows that amnesty laws are reproducing existing power relations and thus inhibit profound reforms. With the help of amnesty laws, an institutional environment will be created that acts in the favor of involved parties for years, if not decades. We subsequently test these qualitative findings with a newly created dataset on post-war justice sector governance and reform across forty different post-war countries worldwide from 1990 to 2016, and with societal, police, and military impunity as dependent variables. Statistical evidence shows that amnesty laws significantly correlate with higher levels of impunity in a country. A peace agreement, or democracy at the end of war, reduces the risk of impunity even with amnesty laws present.
Solar Geoengineering: The View from Just War/Securitization Theories
Authors: Floyd Rita
Published: June 2023

As the world continues to fail to reduce and control global surface temperatures, the use of solar radiation management (SRM) technology by one actor or by a small coalition of actors is becoming increasingly likely. Yet, most of the social scientific literature on solar geoengineering does not tend to systematically engage with this possibility; scholars focus either on global governance or on banning SRM usage and research altogether. On the margins of this debate, a handful of researchers have sought to bring insights from the just war tradition to the issue of unilateral and minilateral SRM usage. This article is concerned with the contribution just war/securitization theories can make to our understanding of the debate surrounding climate engineering. It scrutinizes and deepens existing attempts by just war scholars to examine the moral permissibility of unilateral and minilateral SRM usage, including from the perspective of Just Securitization Theory.
Benchmarking of Outpatient Pediatric Antibiotic Prescribing: Results of a Multicenter Collaborative
Authors: El Feghaly Rana E , Herigon Joshua C , Kronman Matthew P , Wattles Bethany A , Poole Nicole M , Smith Michael J , Vaughan Ana M , Olivero Rosemary , Patel Sameer J , Wirtz Ann , Willis Zachary , Lee Brian R ,   Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship OutPatient (SHARPS-OP) Collaborative, Maples Holly , Dahl Steven M , Schwenk Hayden , Birkholz Meghan , Ezzeldin Saleh , Lloyd Elizabeth , Dillman Nicholas , Rajapakse Nipunie , Dinnes Laura , Diez Anthony , Flett Kelly , Tricarico, Christine , Upadhyayula Shankar , Haslam David , Courter Josh , Yu Diana , Katz Sophie , Nguyen Diana , Burdine Jordan , Bettinger, Brendan , Ray Katie , Mitchell Michelle , Vernacchio Louis , Hatoun Jonathan , Newland Jason
Published: June 2023

Background

Most antibiotic use occurs in ambulatory settings. No benchmarks exist for pediatric institutions to assess their outpatient antibiotic use and compare prescribing rates to peers. We aimed to share pediatric outpatient antibiotic use reports and benchmarking metrics nationally.

Methods

We invited institutions from the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship OutPatient (SHARPS-OP) Collaborative to contribute quarterly aggregate reports on antibiotic use from January 2019 to June 2022. Outpatient settings included emergency departments (ED), urgent care centers (UCC), primary care clinics (PCC) and telehealth encounters. Benchmarking metrics included the percentage of: (1) all acute encounters resulting in antibiotic prescriptions; (2) acute respiratory infection (ARI) encounters resulting in antibiotic prescriptions; and among ARI encounters receiving antibiotics, (3) the percentage receiving amoxicillin (“Amoxicillin index”); and (4) the percentage receiving azithromycin (“Azithromycin index”). We collected rates of antibiotic prescriptions with durations ≤7 days and >10 days from institutions able to provide validated duration data.

Results

Twenty-one institutions submitted aggregate reports. Percent ARI encounters receiving antibiotics were highest in the UCC (40.2%), and lowest in telehealth (19.1%). Amoxicillin index was highest for the ED (76.2%), and lowest for telehealth (55.8%), while the azithromycin index was similar for ED, UCC, and PCC (3.8%, 3.7%, and 5.0% respectively). Antibiotic duration of ≤7 days varied substantially (46.4% for ED, 27.8% UCC, 23.7% telehealth, and 16.4% PCC).

Conclusions

We developed a benchmarking platform for key pediatric outpatient antibiotic use metrics drawing data from multiple pediatric institutions nationally. These data may serve as a baseline measurement for future improvement work.