bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced cryopreservation of MSCs in microfluidic bioreactor by regulated shear flow
Authors: Bissoyi Akalabya , Bit Arindam , Singh Bikesh Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Patra Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2016

Cell-matrix systems can be stored for longer period of time by means of cryopreservation. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction has been found to be critical in a number of basic biological processes. Tissue structure maintenance, cell secretary activity, cellular migration, and cell-cell communication all exist because of the presence of cell interactions. This complex and co-ordinated interaction between cellular constituents, extracellular matrix and adjacent cells has been identified as a significant contributor in the overall co-ordination of tissue. The prime objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of shear-stress and cell-substrate interaction in successful recovery of adherent human mesenchymal-stem-cells (hMSCs). A customized microfluidic bioreactor has been used for the purpose. We have measured the changes in focal-point-adhesion (FPAs) by changing induced shear stress inside the bioreactor. The findings indicate that with increase in shear stress, FPAs increases between substrate and MSCs. Further, experimental results show that increased FPAs (4e-3 μbar) enhances the cellular survivability of adherent MSCs. Probably, for the first time involvement of focal point interaction in the outcome of cryopreservation of MSCs has been clarified, and it proved a potentially new approach for modification of cryopreservation protocol by up-regulating focal point of cells to improve its clinical application.
Epidemiologic characteristics, knowledge and risk factors of unintentional burns in rural children in Zunyi, Southwest China
Authors: Shi Shangpeng , Yang Huajun , Hui Ya , Zhou Xiang , Wang Tao , Luo Ya , Xiang Huiyun , Shi Xiuquan
Published: October 2016

We investigated the knowledge level and risk factors for pediatric unintentional burns in rural Southwest China with an aim to provide basic evidence for the prevention strategies. A stratified sampling method was used to recruit 1842 rural children from 9 schools. Self-reported burns during the past 12 months and relevant risk factors were collected by questionnaires. The burn incidence of all surveyed children was 12.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 11.2–14.2%). We found that burn incidence had a trend to increase with the increasing school grade level and a trend to decrease with increasing knowledge scores on burns. The top two causes of burns were hot liquids (36.3%) and hot object (29.5%). More than 30% of children had little knowledge about preventive measures and how to give first-aid after burns. The main risk factors for burns included female gender, left-behind children by parents who were working in cities, and poor mother school education level. As the incidence of pediatric unintentional burns was high in rural southwest China, schools, families, and local public health agencies should put efforts into health education targeting burn prevention and first-aid measures after burns, particularly in “left-behind” children and those with mothers with poor education.
Loss of Quiescence in von Hippel-Lindau Hemangioblastomas is Associated with Erythropoietin Signaling
Authors: Feldman Michael J. , Sizdahkhani Saman , Edwards Nancy A. , Merrill Marsha J. , Ray-Chaudhury Abhik , Zhuang Zhengping , Lonser Russell R. , Oldfield Edward H. , Chittiboina Prashant
Published: October 2016

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) patients develop multiple central nervous system hemangioblastomas (HB). Some HBs become symptomatic with exponential growth or cyst formation following long periods of quiescence. Understanding the factors underlying growth in hemangioblastoma may lead to better strategies to arrest or prevent tumor growth. In 5 VHL patients, we resected quiescent hemangioblastomas (Q-HB) that were en-route during surgical access to symptomatic hemangioblastomas (S-HB), for matched tumor analysis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase analysis demonstrated a 2-fold increase in EPO expression in all S-HB, while 4/5 showed either Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α or 2α upregulation. Additionally, all S-HB had increased phosphorylated erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and phosphorylated STAT-5 relative to matched Q-HB, with increased phosphorylated JAK-2 largely confined to the stromal cells in clusters within the tumors. These findings suggest that Q-HB to S-HB conversion may be associated with an erythropoietin-signaling loop. Furthermore, we found that EPO is detectable in cyst fluid from S-HB (n = 14), while absent in CSF (n = 1). Additionally, S-HB presentation or S-HB resection does not result in discernible change in serum EPO or hemoglobin (n = 60). These observations suggest that the altered erythropoietin signaling is focal and suggests that studying modulation of erythropoietin receptor pathway may lead to strategies in preventing HB growth.
Seipin deficiency alters brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in a non-cell autonomous mode
Authors: Dollet L. , Magré J. , Joubert M. , Le May C. , Ayer A. , Arnaud L. , Pecqueur C. , Blouin V. , Cariou B. , Prieur X.
Published: October 2016

Loss-of-function mutations in BSCL2 are responsible for Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, a rare disorder characterized by near absence of adipose tissue associated with insulin resistance. Seipin-deficient (Bscl2−/−) mice display an almost total loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) with residual brown adipose tissue (BAT). Previous cellular studies have shown that seipin deficiency alters white adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we aimed to decipher the consequences of seipin deficiency in BAT. Using a brown adipocyte cell-line, we show that seipin knockdown had very little effect on adipocyte differentiation without affecting insulin sensitivity and oxygen consumption. However, when submitted to cold acclimation or chronic β3 agonist treatment, Bscl2−/− mice displayed altered thermogenic capacity, despite several signs of BAT remodeling. Under cold activation, Bscl2−/− mice were able to maintain their body temperature when fed ad libitum, but not under short fasting. At control temperature (i.e. 21 °C), fasting worsened Bscl2−/− BAT properties. Finally, Bscl2−/− BAT displayed obvious signs of insulin resistance. Our results in these lipodystrophic mice strongly suggest that BAT activity relies on WAT as an energetic substrate provider and adipokine-producing organ. Therefore, the WAT/BAT dialogue is a key component of BAT integrity in guaranteeing its response to insulin and cold-activated adrenergic signals.
Determination of auramine O based on a carbon dot-enhanced chemiluminescence method
Authors: Han Suqin , Wu Yunfang , Liu Yan , Chen Xiaoxia
Published: October 2016

The weak CL of an H2O2–Na2CO3 system enhanced by HCDs can be applied towards the evaluation of AO in Chinese herbs.
Platanus hispanica-inspired design of Co–carbon nanotube frameworks through chemical vapor deposition: a highly integrated hierarchical electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Wang Min-Qiang , Ye Cui , Bao Shu-Juan , Chen Zhao-Yang , Yu Ya-Nan , Zhang Yan , Xu Mao-Wen
Published: October 2016

A novel platanus hispanica-like, metal organic complex derived highly effective ORR electrocatalyst, Co–CNTFs was fabricated in this work.
Permselectivity and thickness-dependent ion transport properties of overoxidized polyaniline: a mechanistic investigation
Authors: Mondal Subrata , Sangaranarayanan M. V.
Published: October 2016

The permselective behavior of overoxidized polyaniline has been analyzed by employing voltammetry, impedimetry and diffusion coefficient measurements.
Light-induced dipole moment modulation in diarylethenes: a fundamental study
Authors: Bianco Andrea , Ferrari Giorgio , Castagna Rossella , Rossi Andrea , Carminati Marco , Pariani Giorgio , Tommasini Matteo , Bertarelli Chiara
Published: October 2016

The dipole moment of photochromic diarylethenes is determined in solution for both the coloured and uncoloured forms by measuring the capacitance of a capacitor filled with a photochromic solution as a dielectric material.
Superstructure ZrV2O7nanofibres: thermal expansion, electronic and lithium storage properties
Authors: Li Qidong , Zhao Yanming , Kuang Quan , Fan Qinghua , Dong Youzhong , Liu Xudong
Published: October 2016

Negative thermal expansion superstructure ZrV2O7nanofibres are synthesized and evaluated as Li-absent cathodes for Li-ion batteries.
Formation of an interphase layer during deposition of cobalt onto tetraphenylporphyrin: a hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) study
Authors: Chen Min , Zhou Han , Klein Benedikt P. , Zugermeier Malte , Krug Claudio K. , Drescher Hans-Jörg , Gorgoi Mihaela , Schmid Martin , Gottfried J. Michael
Published: October 2016

Chemical depth profiling of a metal/porphyrin interface with Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) reveals the formation of a 1.6 nm thick interphase layer.
Photochemical recovery of europium from non-aqueous solutions
Authors: Van den Bogaert Bart , Gheeraert Lore , Leblebici Mumin Enis , Binnemans Koen , Van Gerven Tom
Published: October 2016

Highly selective europium recovery from europium/yttrium mixtures is achieved by photochemical reduction and subsequent separation of europium in alcohol solutions.
Transition metal–phosphorus-based materials for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: October 2016

This review illustrates the recent developments of transition metal–phosphorus-based materials for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions.
Superior catalytic activity of synthesized triangular silver nanoplates with optimized sizes and shapes
Authors: Ajitha B. , Reddy Y. Ashok Kumar , Kim Min Jun , Jeon Hwan-Jin , Ahn Chi Won
Published: October 2016

Thin silver nanoplates were found to display superior catalytic activity for the reduction of Rh B.
Detection of an explosive simulant via electrical impedance spectroscopy utilizing the UiO-66-NH2 metal–organic framework
Authors: Peterson G. W. , McEntee M. , Harris C. R. , Klevitch A. D. , Fountain A. W. , Soliz J. R. , Balboa A. , Hauser A. J.
Published: October 2016

Electrical impedance spectroscopy, in conjunction with the metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2, is used to detect trace levels of the explosive simulant 2,6-dinitrotoluene.
Facile and selective hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 linkages in lignin catalyzed by Pd–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ZrO2
Authors: Zhang Jia-wei , Cai Yao , Lu Guo-ping , Cai Chun
Published: October 2016

The β-O-4 linkage in lignin can be selectively cleaved by Pd–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ZrO2 using hydrogen gas as the hydrogen donor under ambient pressure and neutral conditions.
Niobium-promoted reaction of α-phenylglyoxylic acid with ortho-functionalized anilines: synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]benzoxazin-2-ones
Authors: Penteado Filipe , Vieira Marcelo M. , Perin Gelson , Alves Diego , Jacob Raquel G. , Santi Claudio , Lenardão Eder J.
Published: October 2016

Ammonium niobium oxalate promotes the reaction of α-phenylglyoxylic acid with o-functionalized anilines for the synthesis of benzothiazoles and benzoxazin-2-ones.
Pretreating cellulases with hydrophobins for improving bioconversion of cellulose: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Zong Zhiyou , He Ronglin , Fu Haohao , Zhao Tanfeng , Chen Shulin , Shao Xueguang , Zhang Dongyuan , Cai Wensheng
Published: October 2016

An experimental and computational study on a strategy for biomass degradation in biofuel production, pretreating cellulases with hydrophobins.
Chemical synthesis of Nd2Fe14B hard phase magnetic nanoparticles with an enhanced coercivity value: effect of CaH2 amount on the magnetic properties
Authors: Jeong Ji Hun , Ma Hao Xuan , Kim Doyun , Kim Chang Woo , Kim In Ho , Ahn Jae Woo , Kim Dong Soo , Kang Young Soo
Published: October 2016

Nd2Fe14B hard phase magnetic nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a chemical synthesis route followed by a reduction and diffusion process without consuming a large amount of energy.
Syntheses via a direct arylation method of push–pull molecules based on triphenylamine and 3-cyano-4-hexyloxythiophene moieties
Authors: Grolleau Jérémie , Gohier Frédéric , Cabanetos Clément , Allain Magali , Legoupy Stéphanie , Frère Pierre
Published: October 2016

New donors based on 3,4-disubstituted thiophene are obtained by direct arylation and Knoevenagel condensations.
Total synthesis of (±)-ganocins B and C
Authors: Liu Yao , Zhou Chu-Jun , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen
Published: October 2016

The first total synthesis of structurally unique polycyclic phenolic meroterpenoids, ganocins B and C is reported.
A colorimetric and “turn-on” fluorimetric chemosensor for the selective detection of cyanide and its application in food samples
Authors: Hu Jing-Han , Sun You , Qi Jing , Pei Peng-Xiang , Lin Qi , Zhang You-Ming
Published: October 2016

A simple cyanide highly selective and sensitive fluorescent enhanced chemosensor HY had been designed and synthesized.
Facile in situ synthesis and characterization of a novel PANI/Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposite and investigation of catalytic applications
Authors: Maleki Ali , Movahed Hamed , Ravaghi Parisa , Kari Tooraj
Published: October 2016

A novel magnetic hybrid nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via in situ polymerization, well characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX and FE-SEM analysis, and its catalytic activity shown in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important pyrans.
Is the conductive agent useful in electrodes of graphitized activated carbon?
Authors: Pi Yu-Tong , Li Yin-Tao , Xu Shan-Shan , Xing Xiang-Ying , Ma Hai-Kun , He Zhan-Bing , Ren Tie-Zhen
Published: October 2016

Partly graphitized AC materials are porous structures with high energy density and power density compared to commercial AC in the absence of conductive agent. Energy and power densities of 48.6 W h kg−1 and 3600 W kg−1 can be maintained at the potential window of 1.5 V.
Effects of paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug-based self-assembly peptide hydrogels combined with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for PTX-resistant cancer and synergistic antitumor therapy
Authors: Shu Chang , Sabi-mouka Eboka Majolene B. , Yang Wen , Li Zhongyang , Ding Li
Published: October 2016

Schematic illustration of PTX prodrug-based self-assembly peptide hydrogels encapsulated SAHA for drug combination.
Synthesis of catalytically active gold clusters on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Alonso-Cristobal Paulino , Lopez-Quintela M. Arturo , Contreras-Caceres Rafael , Lopez-Cabarcos Enrique , Rubio-Retama Jorge , Laurenti Marco
Published: October 2016

This work proposes a novel method to obtain catalytically active gold clusters by using the water-soluble 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-trimethyl-ammonio-phenyl)porphyrin under mild conditions instead of using strong reducing agents.
The effect of bound rubber on vulcanization kinetics in silica filled silicone rubber
Authors: Song Lixian , Li Zhanhong , Chen Liang , Zhou Hanmei , Lu Ai , Li Liangbin
Published: October 2016

Different filler networks mediated by bound rubber show obviously different effects on vulcanization kinetics.
Enhanced electrochemical capacitive performance of “sandwich-like” MWCNTs/PANI/PSS-GR electrode materials
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Qian Jun , Ye Shuangli , Zhou Yihua , Zhu Ziqiang
Published: October 2016

A novel “sandwich-like” MWCNTs/PANI/PSS-GR nanocomposites are achieved via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and electrostatic adsorption between the negatively-charged PSS-GR nanosheets and the positively-charged PANI on MWCNTs.
Phosphatidic acid-functionalized monolithic stationary phase for reversed-phase/cation-exchange mixed mode chromatography
Authors: Peng Kun , Wang Qiqin , Chen Weijia , Xia Donghai , Zhou Zhengyin , Wang Yuqiang , Jiang Zhengjin , Wu Fuhai
Published: October 2016

A reversed-phase and cation-exchange mixed-mode poly(MDPA-co-EDMA) monolith was successfully prepared and applied to the separation of a wide range of analytes, such as small peptides, phenols, vitamins B, pharmaceutical compounds.
Effect of solvent ratio and counter ions on the morphology of copper nanoparticles and their catalytic application in β-enaminone synthesis
Authors: Gajengi Aravind L. , Sasaki Takehiko , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: October 2016

This work reports the synthesis of shape selective copper nanoparticles (NPs) using a microwave irradiation method, using diverse ratios of an ethylene glycol (EG)/water system and their catalytic application in β-enaminones synthesis.
Monitoring and quantification of the complex bioaccumulation process of mercury ion in algae by a novel aggregation-induced emission fluorogen
Authors: Jiang Yusheng , Chen Yuncong , Alrashdi Maha , Luo Wen , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhang Jihong , Qin Jianguang , Tang Youhong
Published: October 2016

In this study, a novel methodology was developed using a specified aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) to monitor and quantify the complex bioaccumulation process in a microcosm aquatic ecosystem.
Gas-phase kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the OH radical and Cl atom oxidation of tetraethoxysilane
Authors: Barnes Ian , Wiesen Peter
Published: October 2016

Kinetic and mechanistic study of the atmospherically relevant reactions of the OH-radical and Cl-atom with tetraethoxysilane.
Direct amide synthesis over core–shell TiO2@NiFe2O4 catalysts in a continuous flow radiofrequency-heated reactor
Authors: Liu Yawen , Gao Pengzhao , Cherkasov Nikolay , Rebrov Evgeny V.
Published: October 2016

A core–shell TiO2@NiFe2O4 catalyst showed high activity and stability in direct amide synthesis with easy regeneration from coke by a treatment with a 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution.
A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/amine-functionalized graphene oxide hybrid membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Kong Lingqian , Zheng Lanyue , Niu Ruiting , Wang Haixia , Shi Haifeng
Published: October 2016

Higher rate capability of CE, VE and EE demonstrates the enhanced proton conductivity from the controlled interfacial interaction of hybrid membranes.
Synthesis of adipic acid dihydrazide-decorated coco peat powder-based superabsorbent for controlled release of soil nutrients
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Su Xiaoyu , Bai Bo , Wang Honglun , Suo Yourui
Published: October 2016

We firstly employ adipic acid dihydrazide as an outstanding decoration substrate for the pretreatment of CP, and then synthesis a novel superabsorbent through grafting AA onto MA modified CP@ADH surface.
Analogous graphite carbon sheets derived from corn stalks as high performance sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Qin Decai , Zhang Fang , Dong Shengyang , Zhao Yanzhang , Xu Guiyin , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: October 2016

Analogous graphite carbon sheets from corn stalks have been synthesized via a simple high temperature carbonization and expansion process, which showed superior sodium ion storage performance.
Reaction intermediate/product-induced segregation in cobalt–copper as the catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride
Authors: Kahri H. , Flaud V. , Touati R. , Miele P. , Demirci U. B.
Published: October 2016

Bimetallic cobalt–copper catalysts for the hydrolysis of NaBH4are unstable over multiple cycles because of surface borate-induced cobalt segregation.
One pot synthesis of CeO2nanoparticles on a carbon surface for the practical determination of paracetamol content in real samples
Authors: Sivakumar Mani , Sakthivel Mani , Chen Shen-Ming
Published: October 2016

Sucrose derived carbon decorated with CeO2nanoparticles (CeO2–C) was prepared using a one pot synthesis and used for the electrochemical sensing of paracetamol.
Three-dimensional and highly ordered porous carbon–MnO2 composite foam for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency
Authors: Agarwal Pinki Rani , Kumar Rajeev , Kumari Saroj , Dhakate Sanjay R.
Published: October 2016

The combination with MnO2 nanoparticles in carbon matrix, the carbon foam exhibit absorption dominating specific EMI shielding value of −150 dB cm3 g−1 with high strength of 7.8 MPa.
Biosorption and bioaccumulation of chromate from aqueous solution by a newly isolated Bacillus mycoides strain 200AsB1
Authors: Wang Shan-Shan , Ye Shu-Lin , Han Yong-He , Shi Xiao-Xia , Chen Deng-Long , Li Min
Published: October 2016

The newly isolatedBacillus mycoidesstrain 200AsB1 is efficient in Cr6+removalviasurface adsorption and cell accumulation.
Ultrathin 2D VOPO4nanosheets: a novel reinforcing agent in polymeric composites
Authors: Zhou Keqing , Gui Zhou , Hu Yuan
Published: October 2016

In the present work, ultrathin VOPO4nanosheets were prepared through simple ultrasonication in 2-propanol, starting from bulk VOPO4·2H2O chunks.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of cadmium with a graphite carbon nitride nanosheets/Nafion electrode
Authors: Gao Wenyu , Wang Xiaofang , Li Pei , Wu Qiongtao , Qi Fang , Wu Songmei , Yu Yu , Ding Kejian
Published: October 2016

A sensitive g-C3N4 Cd2+ sensor is fabricated in this paper. The linear range and detection limit for Cd2+ detection could be as low as 1 nM and (0.5 nM). This sensor also has excellent stability and selectivity for Cd2+ against interferences.
Nanometer patterning of water by tetraanionic ferrocyanide stabilized in aqueous nanodrops
Authors: DiTucci Matthew J. , Williams Evan R.
Published: October 2016

Formation of the small, highly charged tetraanion ferrocyanide, Fe(CN)64−, stabilized in aqueous nanodrops and its influence to the surrounding hydrogen-bonding network of water is reported.
CO2-to-CO conversion on layered perovskite with in situ exsolved Co–Fe alloy nanoparticles: an active and stable cathode for solid oxide electrolysis cells
Authors: Liu Subiao , Liu Qingxia , Luo Jing-Li
Published: October 2016

To reduce the greenhouse effects due to the massive emission of CO2, efficient reduction of carbon footprint and effective utilization of CO2 have been a crucial research field worldwide in the past few decades.
High lithium and sodium anodic performance of nitrogen-rich ordered mesoporous carbon derived from alfalfa leaves by a ball-milling assisted template method
Authors: Zhang Yongzhi , Meng Yan , Chen Li , Guo Yong , Xiao Dan
Published: October 2016

Alfalfa leaves rich in crude protein were used as a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor to prepare N-rich ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) by a ball-milling assisted SBA-15 template method.
Theranostic body fluid cleansing: rationally designed magnetic particles enable capturing and detection of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Lattuada M. , Ren Q. , Zuber F. , Galli M. , Bohmer N. , Matter M. T. , Wichser A. , Bertazzo S. , Pier G. B. , Herrmann I. K.
Published: October 2016

We show theoretical and experimental considerations on bacteria capturing and enrichment via magnetic separation enabling integrated diagnosis and treatment of blood stream infections.
Orbital frustration in the S = ½ kagome magnet vesignieite, BaCu3V2O8(OH)2
Authors: Boldrin David , Knight Kevin , Wills Andrew S.
Published: October 2016

Here we report crystallographic and magnetic studies on high quality samples of the magnetically frustrated S = ½ kagome antiferromagnet vesignieite, BaCu3V2O8(OD)2.
On the theoretical bounds of FHS set with periodic partial Hamming correlation
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Peng Daiyuan
Published: October 2016

The theoretical bounds are often used to measure the performance of frequency‐hopping sequences (FHSs) in FH multiple access systems. For the periodic partial Hamming correlation properties of FHS sets, two kinds of theoretical lower bound and their improved version were proposed. Some theoretical derivation are carried out, and given the exact relation between the bounds.
3D sound field reproduction in arbitrary listening zone for multichannel system
Authors: Wang Song , Hu Ruimin , Chen Shihong , Wang Xiaochen , Yang Yuhong , Tu Weiping
Published: October 2016

22.2 system and its simplified systems could only perfectly reproduce 3D sound field at the central listening point, but listeners may not always stay at the central listening point. Existing non‐central zone sound field reproduction methods are of theoretical defects. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a universal arbitrary listening zone sound field reproduction method basing on sound physical property, experimental results prove that it performs better than traditional methods.
Ion temperature and toroidal rotation in JET’s low torque plasmas
Authors: Bernardo J. , Nave M. F. F. , Giroud C. , Reyes Cortes S. , Bizarro João P. S. ,   JET Contributors
Published: October 2016

This paper reports on the procedure developed as the best method to provide an accurate and reliable estimation of the ion temperature Ti and the toroidal velocity vϕ from Charge-eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) data from intrinsic rotation experiments at the Joint European Torus with the carbon wall. The low impurity content observed in such plasmas, resulting in low active CXRS signal, alongside low Doppler shifts makes the determination of Ti and vϕ particularly difficult. The beam modulation method will be discussed along with the measures taken to increase photon statistics and minimise errors from the absolute calibration and magneto-hydro-dynamics effects that may impact the CXRS passive emission.
Direct measurement of the plasma loss width in an optimized, high ionization fraction, magnetic multi-dipole ring cusp
Authors: Cooper C. M. , Weisberg D. B. , Khalzov I. , Milhone J. , Flanagan K. , Peterson E. , Wahl C. , Forest C. B.
Published: October 2016

The loss width of plasma in the WiPAL multi-dipole magnetic ring cusp [Cooper et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 13505 (2014); Forest et al., J. Plasma Phys. 81, 345810501 (2015)] has been directly measured using a novel array of probes embedded in the insulating plasma limiters. The large plasma volume (∼10 m3), small loss area associated with strong rare earth permanent magnets (Bo∼2.23 kG at face), and large heating power (≤200 kW) produces a broad range of electron temperatures (2<Te<15 eV), ion temperatures (0.03<Ti<2 eV), plasma densities (3×1010<ne<2×1012 cm−3), and ionization fractions (0.05<ne/(ne+nn)<1), in both argon and helium, all of which were accurately measured. This plasma regime, accessible with high magnetic fields, differs from previous devices: the cusp loss width is much larger than the Debye length and electron gyroradius and comparable to the collision length. Plasma parameters measured at the surface of ceramic limiter tiles covering the magnets and along radial chords in the cusp magnetic field indicate that electron density and temperature are nearly constant on magnetic field lines and that the mirror forces play little role in confining the plasma other than to constrict the loss area. Particle balance modeling is used to determine the cross field diffusion coefficient base on the measured losses to the limiters. The experimentally determined cross field diffusion coefficient (which determines the cusp loss width) is consistent with ambipolar diffusion across five orders of magnitude. The ambipolar diffusion across a given field line is set primarily by the electron-neutral collisions in the region where the magnetic field is the weakest, even though these plasmas can have ionization fractions near 1.
Neutron imaging with the short-pulse laser driven neutron source at the Trident laser facility
Authors: Guler N. , Volegov P. , Favalli A. , Merrill F. E. , Falk K. , Jung D. , Tybo J. L. , Wilde C. H. , Croft S. , Danly C. , Deppert O. , Devlin M. , Fernandez J. , Gautier D. C. , Geissel M. , Haight R. , Hamilton C. E. , Hegelich B. M. , Henzlova D. , Johnson R. P. , Schaumann G. , Schoenberg K. , Schollmeier M. , Shimada T. , Swinhoe M. T. , Taddeucci T. , Wender S. A. , Wurden G. A. , Roth M.
Published: October 2016

Emerging approaches to short-pulse laser-driven neutron production offer a possible gateway to compact, low cost, and intense broad spectrum sources for a wide variety of applications. They are based on energetic ions, driven by an intense short-pulse laser, interacting with a converter material to produce neutrons via breakup and nuclear reactions. Recent experiments performed with the high-contrast laser at the Trident laser facility of Los Alamos National Laboratory have demonstrated a laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism operating in the regime of relativistic transparency, featuring a volumetric laser-plasma interaction. This mechanism is distinct from previously studied ones that accelerate ions at the laser-target surface. The Trident experiments produced an intense beam of deuterons with an energy distribution extending above 100 MeV. This deuteron beam, when directed at a beryllium converter, produces a forward-directed neutron beam with ∼5 × 109 n/sr, in a single laser shot, primarily due to deuteron breakup. The neutron beam has a pulse duration on the order of a few nanoseconds with an energy distribution extending from a few hundreds of keV to almost 80 MeV. For the experiments on neutron-source spot-size measurements, our gated neutron imager was setup to select neutrons in the energy range of 2.5–35 MeV. The spot size of neutron emission at the converter was measured by two different imaging techniques, using a knife-edge and a penumbral aperture, in two different experimental campaigns. The neutron-source spot size is measured ∼1 mm for both experiments. The measurements and analysis reported here give a spatial characterization for this type of neutron source for the first time. In addition, the forward modeling performed provides an empirical estimate of the spatial characteristics of the deuteron ion-beam. These experimental observations, taken together, provide essential yet unique data to benchmark and verify theoretical work into the basic acceleration mechanism, which remains an ongoing challenge.
Statistical field theory description of inhomogeneous polarizable soft matter
Authors: Martin Jonathan M. , Li Wei , Delaney Kris T. , Fredrickson Glenn H.
Published: October 2016

We present a new molecularly informed statistical field theory model of inhomogeneous polarizable soft matter. The model is based on fluid elements, referred to as beads, that can carry a net monopole of charge at their center of mass and a fixed or induced dipole through a Drude-type distributed charge approach. The beads are thus polarizable and naturally manifest attractive van der Waals interactions. Beyond electrostatic interactions, beads can be given soft repulsions to sustain fluid phases at arbitrary densities. Beads of different types can be mixed or linked into polymers with arbitrary chain models and sequences of charged and uncharged beads. By such an approach, it is possible to construct models suitable for describing a vast range of soft-matter systems including electrolyte and polyelectrolyte solutions, ionic liquids, polymerized ionic liquids, polymer blends, ionomers, and block copolymers, among others. These bead models can be constructed in virtually any ensemble and converted to complex-valued statistical field theories by Hubbard-Stratonovich transforms. One of the fields entering the resulting theories is a fluctuating electrostatic potential; other fields are necessary to decouple non-electrostatic interactions. We elucidate the structure of these field theories, their consistency with macroscopic electrostatic theory in the absence and presence of external electric fields, and the way in which they embed van der Waals interactions and non-uniform dielectric properties. Their suitability as a framework for computational studies of heterogeneous soft matter systems using field-theoretic simulation techniques is discussed.
Infrared ion spectroscopy in a modified quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer at the FELIX free electron laser laboratory
Authors: Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Gebhardt Christoph R. , Oomens Jos
Published: October 2016

We report on modifications made to a Paul-type quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer and discuss its application in infrared ion spectroscopy experiments. Main modifications involve optical access to the trapped ions and hardware and software coupling to a variety of infrared laser sources at the FELIX infrared free electron laser laboratory. In comparison to previously described infrared ion spectroscopy experiments at the FELIX laboratory, we find significant improvements in efficiency and sensitivity. Effects of the trapping conditions of the ions on the IR multiple photon dissociation spectra are explored. Enhanced photo-dissociation is found at lower pressures in the ion trap. Spectra obtained under reduced pressure conditions are found to more closely mimic those obtained in the high-vacuum conditions of an Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. A gas-mixing system is described enabling the controlled addition of a secondary gas into helium buffer gas flowing into the trap and allows for ion/molecule reactions in the trap. The electron transfer dissociation (ETD) option of the mass spectrometer allows for IR structure characterization of ETD-generated peptide dissociation products.
Thermionic refrigeration at CNT-CNT junctions
Authors: Li C. , Pipe K. P.
Published: October 2016

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used to study carrier energy relaxation following thermionic emission at the junction of two van der Waals bonded single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). An energy-dependent transmission probability gives rise to energy filtering at the junction, which is predicted to increase the average electron transport energy by as much as 0.115 eV, leading to an effective Seebeck coefficient of 386 μV/K. MC results predict a long energy relaxation length (∼8 μm) for hot electrons crossing the junction into the barrier SWCNT. For SWCNTs of optimal length, an analytical transport model is used to show that thermionic cooling can outweigh parasitic heat conduction due to high SWCNT thermal conductivity, leading to a significant cooling capacity (2.4 × 106 W/cm2).
The model of a collisionless current sheet in a homogeneous gravity field
Authors: Veselovsky Igor S. , Kislov Roman A. , Malova Helmi V. , Khabarova Olga V.
Published: October 2016

The self-consistent 1D kinetic Harris-like model of a collisionless current sheet is developed for the case of the current sheet experiencing the impact of an external uniform gravity field. The ambipolar Pannekoek-Rosseland electric field appears in the system as a result of the additional drift motion of ions and electrons. This produces separation of charges, which is responsible for corresponding changes of the current sheet form. The presence of gravitation leads to formation of asymmetric distributions of the magnetic field as well as the plasma and the current density changes. Our estimations show that gravity-forced disruptions of the current sheet profile may occur in the Mercurial magnetosphere and, most probable, in the Io plasma torus near the Jupiter. Also, the model can be applied to magnetospheres of exoplanets.
Measurement of sulfur L2,3 and carbon K edge XANES in a polythiophene film using a high harmonic supercontinuum
Authors: Johnson A. S. , Miseikis L. , Wood D. A. , Austin D. R. , Brahms C. , Jarosch S. , Strüber C. S. , Ye P. , Marangos J. P.
Published: October 2016

We use a high harmonic generated supercontinuum in the soft X-ray region to measure X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra in polythiophene (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) films at multiple absorption edges. A few-cycle carrier-envelope phase-stable laser pulse centered at 1800 nm was used to generate a stable soft X-ray supercontinuum, with amplitude gating limiting the generated pulse duration to a single optical half-cycle. We report a quantitative transmission measurement of the sulfur L2,3 edge over the range 160–200 eV and the carbon K edge from 280 to 330 eV. These spectra show all the features previously reported in the XANES spectra of polythiophene, but for the first time they are measured with a source that has an approximately 1 fs pulse duration. This study opens the door to measurements that can fully time-resolve the photoexcited electronic dynamics in these systems.
Structure and dynamics of aqueous solutions from PBE-based first-principles molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pham Tuan Anh , Ogitsu Tadashi , Lau Edmond Y. , Schwegler Eric
Published: October 2016

Establishing an accurate and predictive computational framework for the description of complex aqueous solutions is an ongoing challenge for density functional theory based first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations. In this context, important advances have been made in recent years, including the development of sophisticated exchange-correlation functionals. On the other hand, simulations based on simple generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals remain an active field, particularly in the study of complex aqueous solutions due to a good balance between the accuracy, computational expense, and the applicability to a wide range of systems. Such simulations are often performed at elevated temperatures to artificially “correct” for GGA inaccuracies in the description of liquid water; however, a detailed understanding of how the choice of temperature affects the structure and dynamics of other components, such as solvated ions, is largely unknown. To address this question, we carried out a series of FPMD simulations at temperatures ranging from 300 to 460 K for liquid water and three representative aqueous solutions containing solvated Na+, K+, and Cl− ions. We show that simulations at 390–400 K with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional yield water structure and dynamics in good agreement with experiments at ambient conditions. Simultaneously, this computational setup provides ion solvation structures and ion effects on water dynamics consistent with experiments. Our results suggest that an elevated temperature around 390–400 K with the PBE functional can be used for the description of structural and dynamical properties of liquid water and complex solutions with solvated ions at ambient conditions.
Characterisation of coherent rotating modes in a magnetised plasma column using a mono-sensor tomography diagnostic
Authors: David P. , Escarguel A. , Camenen Y. , Baude R.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we report on the core plasma evolution during the rotation of coherent modes in a magnetized plasma column. The study makes use of an original tomographic diagnostic based on a single sensor. The experimental observations demonstrate that the mode shape is constant during the plasma rotation, therefore confirming an a priori assumption of single position measurements. The experimental set-up and the numerical inversion method used to interpret the data are presented. The results are then compared to two-dimensional probe measurements to assess their perturbative character and to give further details on the mode characteristics. A π/2 phase shift between the electrostatic potential and density perturbation is evidenced.
Magnetic microscopy and simulation of strain-mediated control of magnetization in PMN-PT/Ni nanostructures
Authors: Gilbert Ian , Chavez Andres C. , Pierce Daniel T. , Unguris John , Sun Wei-Yang , Liang Cheng-Yen , Carman Gregory P.
Published: October 2016

Strain-mediated thin film multiferroics comprising piezoelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures enable the electrical manipulation of magnetization with much greater efficiency than other methods; however, the investigation of nanostructures fabricated from these materials is limited. Here we characterize ferromagnetic Ni nanostructures grown on a ferroelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68[PbTiO3]0.32 substrate using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) and micromagnetic simulations. The magnetization of the Ni nanostructures can be controlled with a combination of sample geometry and applied electric field, which strains the ferroelectric substrate and changes the magnetization via magnetoelastic coupling. We evaluate two types of simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures on strained ferroelectric substrates: conventional micromagnetic simulations including a simple uniaxial strain, and coupled micromagnetic-elastodynamic simulations. Both simulations qualitatively capture the response of the magnetization changes produced by the applied strain, with the coupled solution providing more accurate representation.
Modulating wall shear stress gradient via equilateral triangular channel for in situ cellular adhesion assay
Authors: Kim Hyung Woo , Han Seonjin , Kim Wonkyoung , Lim Jiwon , Kim Dong Sung
Published: October 2016

This study introduces an equilateral triangular channel (ETRIC), a novel microfluidic channel with an equilateral triangular cross-section, for cell adhesion assay by modulating the wall shear stress (WSS) gradient. The channel can generate a parabolic WSS gradient perpendicular to the flow direction at a single flow rate, and cell detachment can be in situ screened in response to spatially different levels of WSS. The existence of a simple form of exact solution for the velocity field inside the entire ETRIC region enables the easy design and modulation of the WSS levels at the bottom surface; therefore, the detachment of the cells can be investigated at the pre-defined observation window in real time. The exact solution for the velocity field was validated by comparing the analytical velocity profile with those obtained from both numerical simulation and experimental particle image velocimetry. The parabolic WSS gradient can be generated stably and consistently over time at a steady-state condition and easily modulated by changing the flow rate for the given ETRIC geometry. The WSS gradient in the ETRIC is in a symmetric parabolic form, and this symmetry feature doubles the experimental data, thereby efficiently minimizing the number of experiments. Finally, a WSS gradient ranging from 0 to 160 dyn/cm2 was generated through the present ETRIC, which enables not only to measure the adhesion strength but also to investigate the time-dependent detachment of NIH-3T3 cells attached on the glass.
Ferroelectric properties of highly a-oriented polycrystalline Bi2WO6 thin films grown on glass substrates
Authors: Ahn Yoonho , Son Jong Yeog
Published: October 2016

Polycrystalline Bi2WO6 (BWO) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ta/glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In this study, we comparatively investigate the influence of oxygen partial pressure on structural and ferroelectric properties of the BWO films. In comparison with the BWO films deposited at oxygen partial pressure of 100 and 300 mTorr, the BWO film deposited at 300 mTorr exhibits a highly a-oriented crystalline structure. The highly a-oriented polycrystalline BWO thin film shows good ferroelectric properties with a remnant polarization of about 21.5μC/cm2. The piezoresponse force microscope study reveals that the highly a-oriented BWO thin film possesses larger ferroelectric domain patterns due to smaller domain wall energy.
Position paper on the need for portion‐size education and a standardised unit of measurement
Authors: Bucher Tamara , Rollo Megan E. , Smith Shamus P. , Dean Moira , Brown Hannah , Sun Mingui , Collins Clare
Published: October 2016

Large portion sizes contribute to weight gain in western societies. Portion‐size interventions, aids and education can be effective in helping prevent weight gain, but consumers are unsure what appropriate portions are and express confusion about existing guidelines. A lack of clarity about suggested serving size recommendations is a major barrier to food portion‐size control. Therefore, standardised measurement units and unambiguous terminologies are required. This position paper summarises the evidence regarding the impact and importance of portion‐size education and estimation, and outlines strategies for improving consumer understanding and application of this through the development of an international food measurement system and a range of appropriate portion control tools. In this position paper, the authors call for the standardisation of food volume measurement terminologies, units, implementation recommendations, as well as consumer education. The target audience for this paper includes nutrition and behavioural researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders who potentially influence and implement changes in national food measurement systems, which in turn impact on consumer choice.
In vivo conditional deletion of HDAC7 reveals its requirement to establish proper B lymphocyte identity and development
Authors: Azagra Alba , Román-González Lidia , Collazo Olga , Rodríguez-Ubreva Javier , de Yébenes Virginia G. , Barneda-Zahonero Bruna , Rodríguez Jairo , Castro de Moura Manuel , Grego-Bessa Joaquim , Fernández-Duran Irene , Islam Abul B.M.M.K. , Esteller Manel , Ramiro Almudena R. , Ballestar Esteban , Parra Maribel
Published: October 2016

Class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) subfamily members are tissue-specific gene repressors with crucial roles in development and differentiation processes. A prominent example is HDAC7, a class IIa HDAC that shows a lymphoid-specific expression pattern within the hematopoietic system. In this study, we explored its potential role in B cell development by generating a conditional knockout mouse model. Our study demonstrates for the first time that HDAC7 deletion dramatically blocks early B cell development and gives rise to a severe lymphopenia in peripheral organs, while also leading to pro–B cell lineage promiscuity. We find that HDAC7 represses myeloid and T lymphocyte genes in B cell progenitors through interaction with myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEFC2). In B cell progenitors, HDAC7 is recruited to promoters and enhancers of target genes, and its absence leads to increased enrichment of histone active marks. Our results prove that HDAC7 is a bona fide transcriptional repressor essential for B cell development.
CXCR4 identifies transitional bone marrow premonocytes that replenish the mature monocyte pool for peripheral responses
Authors: Chong Shu Zhen , Evrard Maximilien , Devi Sapna , Chen Jinmiao , Lim Jyue Yuan , See Peter , Zhang Yiru , Adrover José M. , Lee Bernett , Tan Leonard , Li Jackson L.Y. , Liong Ka Hang , Phua Cindy , Balachander Akhila , Boey Adrian , Liebl David , Tan Suet Mien , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Balabanian Karl , Harris John E. , Bianchini Mariaelvy , Weber Christian , Duchene Johan , Lum Josephine , Poidinger Michael , Chen Qingfeng , Rénia Laurent , Wang Cheng-I , Larbi Anis , Randolph Gwendalyn J. , Weninger Wolfgang , Looney Mark R. , Krummel Matthew F. , Biswas Subhra K. , Ginhoux Florent , Hidalgo Andrés , Bachelerie Françoise , Ng Lai Guan
Published: October 2016

It is well established that Ly6Chi monocytes develop from common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and reside in the bone marrow (BM) until they are mobilized into the circulation. In our study, we found that BM Ly6Chi monocytes are not a homogenous population, as current data would suggest. Using computational analysis approaches to interpret multidimensional datasets, we demonstrate that BM Ly6Chi monocytes consist of two distinct subpopulations (CXCR4hi and CXCR4lo subpopulations) in both mice and humans. Transcriptome studies and in vivo assays revealed functional differences between the two subpopulations. Notably, the CXCR4hi subset proliferates and is immobilized in the BM for the replenishment of functionally mature CXCR4lo monocytes. We propose that the CXCR4hi subset represents a transitional premonocyte population, and that this sequential step of maturation from cMoPs serves to maintain a stable pool of BM monocytes. Additionally, reduced CXCR4 expression on monocytes, upon their exit into the circulation, does not reflect its diminished role in monocyte biology. Specifically, CXCR4 regulates monocyte peripheral cellular activities by governing their circadian oscillations and pulmonary margination, which contributes toward lung injury and sepsis mortality. Together, our study demonstrates the multifaceted role of CXCR4 in defining BM monocyte heterogeneity and in regulating their function in peripheral tissues.