bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human responses to the Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven eruption: excavations at San Andrés, El Salvador
Authors: Ichikawa Akira
Published: September 2021

Human responses to catastrophic natural events form an important research theme in archaeology. Using excavation and radiocarbon data, this article investigates the socio-cultural impact of the mid-first-millennium AD Tierra Blanca Joven eruption at San Andrés, El Salvador. The data, along with an architectural energetic analysis of the Campana structure at San Andrés, indicate that survivors and/or re-settlers made considerable efforts to construct monumental buildings immediately following the eruption, using volcanic tephra as construction material. Such re-building played important religious, social and political roles in human responses to the eruption. The study contributes to discussions about human creativity, adaptation and resilience in the face of abrupt environmental change.
PROGRAMAÇÃO WEB PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE EDUCACIONAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO NA ENGENHARIA CIVIL
Authors: Araujo Ricardo Rodrigues de , Neves Rodrigo Galardo
Published: September 2021

Este projeto visa o desenvolvimento de software com finalidades acadêmicas para a engenharia civil, de modo a possibilitar um fácil acesso a qualquer estudante, sem necessidade de instalação por parte do usuário final e uma interface intuitiva. Para tal, o autor participa de cursos online e gratuitos sobre programação web, abordando o assunto dentro da engenharia civil (perspectiva de risco de incidentes em taludes de rodovias). Realizam-se cálculos a partir de parâmetros que relativos a características referentes ao talude avaliado e considerando probabilidade e danos. Assim, obtém-se uma página web com entrada de dados pelo usuário, que pode, com esta, estudar e se familiarizar com o assunto e as possibilidades aplicadas no estudo, tanto na análise abordada quanto nos resultados gerados pelo programa.
GERENCIAMENTO DE OBRAS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL SOB A ÓTICA DO LEAN CONSTRUCTION:
Authors: Gomes Johnnata Guilherme , Dutra Clézio Thadeu De Souza , Dutra Vinicius Araújo de Souza
Published: September 2021

Diversos diagnósticos realizados no Brasil e no exterior indicam, que a maioria dos problemas que resultam em baixos patamares de eficiência e qualidade na construção civil, têm origem em problemas gerenciais. Nesse contexto, busca-se no setor da construção civil, novas filosofias para diferenciação estratégica e construtiva, que confiram ao projeto maior produtividade e liquidez, sendo uma delas, a construção enxuta - Lean Construction. A construção enxuta é uma filosofia de construção oriunda da produção enxuta - Lean Production, desenvolvida nas indústrias automobilísticas do Japão nos anos 50, sendo o caso mais proeminente, o Sistema Toyota de produção. A construção enxuta introduz um novo paradigma para o processo de construção, em contraposição ao conceito usual de conversão, subdividindo o processo em atividades de conversão e de fluxo. Com isso, a identificação dos desperdícios se torna mais preciso e complexo, abandonando a ideia geral de que uma obra sem resíduos, constitui uma obra sem desperdícios. Uma vez que identificados os desperdícios, a construção enxuta atua como um antídoto, fornecendo bases teóricas que fomentará o processo de eliminação dos mesmos, e a melhoria continua da produção. A filosofia de construção enxuta é posta a prova no estudo de caso, de forma crítica e analítica, a fim de identificar a aplicabilidade dos conceitos em uma obra de construção civil, identificando conceitos e metodologias que mais apresentaram e não apresentaram impacto positivo. Ocorreu uma melhora significativa no andamento da obra, eliminando os desperdícios e trazendo maior rentabilidade para a empresa e, maior entrega de valor para o cliente.
MODELO DE UM SEMÁFORO INTELIGENTE PARA GRANDES AVENIDAS UTILZANDO SENSOR INDUTIVO
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , Bezerra Caio Cesar Guimarães Gonçalves
Published: September 2021

RESUMO

Devido ao crescimento do problema de tráfego urbano, é comum se deparar com grandes trechos de congestionamentos ao longo das vias urbanas. Para amenizar este problema, foi proposto um novo modelo de programação de sinais de trânsito, tendo em vista que os semáforos atuais têm uma programação fixa, onde o seu tempo de comutação entre a luz vermelha e a luz verde são praticamente fixos ao longo do dia. Ora fluxo intenso em um sentido na via, ora fluxo intenso no outro sentido da via, sinais de retorno fechando sem ter carros para retornar são alguns dos problemas corriqueiros encarados por todos os brasileiros. O semáforo através de sensor indutivo propõe amenizar esses problemas adotando um diagrama elétrico de baixo custo, visando gerar um impacto positivo no tráfego urbano.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE EDUCACIONAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO NA ENGENHARIA CIVIL – LAJE SIMPLES MACIÇA DE CONCRETO ARMADO
Authors: Araujo Ricardo Rodrigues de , Dolabella Fernando De Andrade
Published: September 2021

Este projeto trata do desenvolvimento de software capaz de realizar o dimensionamento de lajes maciças simples, por meio do processamento de dados em uma aplicação web. O mesmo foi criado devido à uma necessidade dos alunos da engenharia civil de uma forma eficiente de estudar e corrigir seus exercícios, que se propõe neste programa. Com a demonstração, por meio de resolução de um exercício típico, foi possível observar a eficácia com que o programa exerce sua função em um tema complexo, atingindo de forma positiva no aprendizado dos alunos e, até mesmo, no ensino dos docentes da área.
Verificação de Segurança e Dimensionamento de Reforço em Fibra de Carbono em Estrutura de Concreto Armado
Authors: Courradesqui de Araujo Carlos Eduardo , De Assis Eduardo Gullo , Junior Niemeyer Torqueti , Siqueira Leite Igor Charlles
Published: September 2021

Ao longo dos anos, é comum que estruturas com vida útil mais avançadas apresentem anomalias e desgastes naturais, em sua maioria, provenientes da falta de manutenção. Contudo, a ineficiência do comportamento estrutural, não compete apenas à falta de manutenção, como também está associada às falhas executivas, análises e verificações estruturais errôneas ou uma alteração na utilização da edificação, provocando um acréscimo de carregamento não previsto inicialmente na etapa de concepção do modelo estrutural. Desse modo, se faz necessário a intervenção da estrutura, visando reabilitar o comportamento estrutural de forma satisfatória através da técnica de reforço estrutural. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a verificação de segurança de uma estrutura em concreto armado e apresentação de solução proposta em fibra de carbono. O estudo se inicia com uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito de reforço estrutural em fibra de carbono. Seguidamente é explanado o estudo de caso, apresentando as características da edificação, prospecções realizadas in loco para levantamento de informações necessárias a continuidade do trabalho, prosseguindo então com a verificação de segurança e capacidade resistente dos elementos. Apresentando por fim, o dimensionamento do reforço estrutural em fibra de carbono. Com isto pretende-se apresentar, de uma maneira prática, o estudo de caso, as etapas e critérios de verificação de segurança estrutural bem como o dimensionamento do reforço estrutural em fibra de carbono.
Quasi-synchronous thermocompensation for ISFET-based ionometric devices. Part 1: Theory and simulation
Authors: Pavluchenko O. S. , Kukla О. L.
Published: September 2021

Solid-state ion selective transducers, as an alternative to the traditional liquid electrolyte-filled glass electrodes, are known for over four decades now, and find their use in various areas of industry and applied science, such as in vivo analysis of the ions activity in biological and medical research, monitoring of toxic and aggressive environments, and biosensors design. However, along with potential advantages — short response time, small size, chemical inertness and durability — solid-state devices also possess certain inherent drawbacks — namely intrinsic noise, drift and instability of sensing properties, and cross-sensitivity to various interfering environmental conditions — that inhibit their widespread acceptance. Further improvement of the fabrication technology and methodology of application of these devices is thus still an important practical task even today.
This paper is a first part of the two-part work dedicated to the problem of compensating the temperature dependence of a solid-state ion selective transducer output. Specifically, presented work considers the possibility of using ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFET) that serve as primary transducers in an ionometric device, as temperature sensors. This allows compensating the temperature dependence of ionometric signal without substantial complication of the ionometer structure, and eliminates the need to include a separate thermometric channel as part of the instrument. Ionometric and thermometric channels are combined into a unified measuring path, with the sensor functions separated in time.
The ISFET operation modes are switched by changing polarity of the bias voltage, and thus direction of the current flowing through the sensor. The authors propose a corresponding secondary transducer structure and simplified schematic illustrating the implementation of its key components. The concept’s applicability is supported by the circuit simulation results. Some aspects of the practical implementation of the proposed concept will be presented further in the upcoming second part of the paper.
Slo2/KNaChannels inDrosophilaProtect against Spontaneous and Induced Seizure-like Behavior Associated with an Increased Persistent Na+Current
Authors: Byers Nathan , Hahm Eu-Teum , Tsunoda Susan
Published: September 2021

Na+sensitivity is a unique feature of Na+-activated K+(KNa) channels, making them naturally suited to counter a sudden influx in Na+ions. As such, it has long been suggested that KNachannels may serve a protective function against excessive excitation associated with neuronal injury and disease. This hypothesis, however, has remained largely untested. Here, we examine KNachannels encoded by theDrosophila Slo2(dSlo2) gene in males and females. We show that dSlo2/KNachannels are selectively expressed in cholinergic neurons in the adult brain, as well as in glutamatergic motor neurons, where dampening excitation may function to inhibit global hyperactivity and seizure-like behavior. Indeed, we show that effects of feedingDrosophilaa cholinergic agonist are exacerbated by the loss of dSlo2/KNachannels. Similar to mammalian Slo2/KNachannels, we show that dSlo2/KNachannels encode a TTX-sensitive K+conductance, indicating that dSlo2/KNachannels can be activated by Na+carried by voltage-dependent Na+channels. We then tested the role of dSlo2/KNachannels in established genetic seizure models in which the voltage-dependent persistent Na+current (INap) is elevated. We show that the absence of dSlo2/KNachannels increased susceptibility to mechanically induced seizure-like behavior. Similar results were observed in WT flies treated with veratridine, an enhancer of INap. Finally, we show that loss of dSlo2/KNachannels in both genetic and pharmacologically primed seizure models resulted in the appearance of spontaneous seizures. Together, our results support a model in which dSlo2/KNachannels, activated by neuronal overexcitation, contribute to a protective threshold to suppress the induction of seizure-like activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSlo2/KNachannels are unique in that they constitute a repolarizing K+pore that is activated by the depolarizing Na+ion, making them naturally suited to function as a protective “brake” against overexcitation and Na+overload. Here, we test this hypothesisin vivoby examining how a null mutation of theDrosophila Slo2(dSlo2)/KNagene affects seizure-like behavior in genetic and pharmacological models of epilepsy. We show that indeed the loss of dSlo2/KNachannels results in increased incidence and severity of induced seizure behavior, as well as the appearance of spontaneous seizure activity. Our results advance our understanding of neuronal excitability and protective mechanisms that preserve normal physiology and the suppression of seizure susceptibility.
case study on the determination of unused capacity using time driven activity-based costing for electronic component
Authors: Zamrud N.F. , Zaini S.N.A.M , Abu M.Y.
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, demand for magnetic components are increasing from customer to support technological needs. It is important for the producer to incorporate an accurate cost estimation to decide the best price to gain better profits. However, actual costing structure is ignored the potential of time equation and capacity cost rate to measure the unused capacity from the resources allotment. The objective of this work is to determine the unused capacity in term of duration and cost in the manufacturing of electronic component using time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC). The method was developed using seven stages which are resources group identification, estimate cost of resources supplied, practical capacity estimation, capacity cost rates calculation, time equation development, determine time estimates for each sub-activity and estimate capacity cost required. As a result, in sub-activity-1, the unused time was 246,156.29 minutes which needs to be re-examined so that maximum time for productivity can be achieved and the unused capacity of cost was MYR 623,804.93 which conveys the message of wastage at the workstation. In sub-activity-3, the amount of unused time and cost was -596,400 minutes and MYR -7,006,252.43 respectively. The negative value demonstrated that the operators are overworked than normal time allocation. In sub-activity 9, the amount of unused time was -596,400 minutes and MYR -7,006,252.43 for unused cost probably the job scopes were taking more time than it should to be completed. Therefore, by applying the TDABC method, the capacity utilization and time efficiency can be clearly viewed.
25 years of ERβ: a personal journey
Authors: Warner Margaret , Fan Xiaotang , Strom Anders , Wu Wanfu , Gustafsson Jan-Åke
Published: September 2021

After the discovery of ERβ, a novel role for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in estrogen signaling was revealed. Instead of just being a better androgen, DHT was found to be a precursor of the ERβ agonist 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3βAdiol), an estrogen which does not require aromatase for its synthesis. ERβ was found to oppose androgen signaling and thus is a potential target for treatment of prostate cancer. ERβ was also found to have effects that were independent of androgen signaling, particularly in the CNS. Although in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease), ERβ agonists are very effective in relieving symptoms and improving pathologies, this has not proven to be the case in humans. In this review we will focus on the main differences in ERβ signaling between rodents and humans and will make the point that a very important difference between the two species is in the splice variants which are expressed in humans and not rodents. The main conclusion at this point is that before we think of using ERβ agonists clinically, much more work on ERβ signaling in the human or in primates needs to be done.
mirada crítica hacia el derecho de desistimiento en los contratos de consumo y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Tapia Herrero Irene
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar si la protección que se confiere al consumidor con el otorgamiento del derecho de desistimiento en los contratos de consumo resulta efectiva; esto es, si este encuentra una verdadera oportunidad de ejercerlo sin verse disuadido por factores externos. Tendrán, para ello, especial acomodo aquellas soluciones que impliquen un equilibrio entre los agentes económicos intervinientes: consumidor y empresario, siendo conscientes de la necesidad de que el primero merezca una protección reforzada, especialmente, con la nueva realidad a la que nos enfrentamos con el COVID-19, que requerirá de soluciones que, partiendo de la jurisprudencia europea, implican cierta formulación del derecho de desistimiento. Se examinará, para ello, la regulación actual de esta figura en el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2007, de 16 de noviembre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios y otras leyes complementarias (TRLGDCU), en relación con algunos problemas de índole práctica como la distinción del desistimiento respecto del derecho a poner fin al contrato, y su coexistencia con las cláusulas de permanencia.
Uszkodzenia skóry typu MARSI – stary problem, nowa terminologia w opiece nad pacjentem
Authors: Rudek Joanna
Published: September 2021

Uszkodzenia skóry związane ze stosowaniem przylepnych wyrobów medycznych stanowią powszechne, lecz nadal mało rozpoznawalne powikłanie. Uszkodzenie skóry w wyniku stosowania przylepców medycznych dotyczy pacjentów wszystkich grup wiekowych oraz występuje w każdej placówce opieki zdrowotnej. Niewłaściwa pielęgnacja skóry oraz nieprawidłowa aplikacja i odklejanie opatrunku mogą przyczyniać się do uszkodzenia skóry. Każde uszkodzenie skóry wpływa na bezpieczeństwo pacjentów, jakość ich życia, a także zwiększa koszty opieki zdrowotnej. W literaturze, zwłaszcza polskiej, znajduje się niewiele informacji na temat uszkodzeń skóry spowodowanych materiałami przylepnymi, ponadto wciąż mało jest informacji dotyczących profilaktyki, prawidłowej aplikacji i odklejania przylepców. Niniejsza praca na charakter poglądowy, opiera się na analizie literatury dotyczącej uszkodzeń skóry powstałych w wyniku stosowania materiałów przylepnych.
Postępowanie z ranami u pacjentów objętych opieką paliatywną, zgodnie ze strategią higieny rany
Authors: Aleksy-Polipowska Monika
Published: September 2021

W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano postępowanie paliatywne z trudno gojącą się raną, zgodnie ze strategią higieny rany. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytania: jak powinien wyglądać proces leczniczy i pielęgnacyjny pacjentów objętych opieką paliatywną, jakie rany występują najczęściej w tej grupie chorych oraz czym jest strategia higieny rany i w jaki sposób można zastosować ją w opiece nad trudnymi i często nierokującymi ranami.
State-of-the-art techniques in radiation dosimetry – technological segments and applications
Authors: Batista Adriana de Souza Medeiros
Published: September 2021

This work presents a study based on patent filings as a resource for identifying technological trends in the field of radiation dosimetry for a view of the state-of-the- art techniques, in addition to the main actors involved and patent search process in the area of ionizing radiation. It aimed to make an analysis of patent portfolios to outline an application scenario for the knowledge developed in the area. It was carried out through consultation using the Questel Orbit search and analysis system having the word “dosimetry” and its similars, by semantic similarity, for the years between 1999-2019. The results are discussed regarding the main deposits, depositors, time evolution, technological segments and geographic coverage. They point out that companies that operate simultaneously in the area of energy power generation and medical applications have a significant contribution to the production of patents. Studies focused on the development of dosimetric systems move several technological segments, mainly environmental and medical technology.
Chiwu shenzhen jing Scrutinized: An Early Form of the Ebb-Flow Therapy from Dunhuang in Early Medieval China
Authors: Jianan Huang
Published: September 2021

Written in Dunhuang, Chiwu shenzhen jing (赤烏神針經) is a long lost medical work and its contents remain unknown. Based on Dunhuang manuscripts and Japanese collections of ancient Chinese medical classics, this research argues that Chiwu shenzhen jing concerns temporally sensitive needling treatment, which forms an early practice of the midnight-noon ebb-ﬂow (the commonly-used translation of Ziwu liuzhu 子 午流注) therapy, in fact, as early as the 3rd century CE. At the very end of this article, this research emphasizes the role of Dunhuang as a vehicle for promoting the ebb-ﬂow theory through the Sino-Indian medical exchanges.
Методические ошибки в предтекстовых заданиях при формировании умений аудирования
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Smoła Joanna
Published: September 2021

In this article we present list of methodological mistakes concerning the process of improving listening abilities. We observed 185 lessons of Russian language. The research allows us to establish groups of mistakes and shows the examples of didactic failures in improving listening abilities. The most common mistakes were: lack of activating techniques, lack of giving the aim of listening and not dividing listening into global and detailed.
Сказки Эдуарда Успенского (лингвистический и дидактичесий аспекты)
Authors:   Instytut Językoznawstwa, Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Borek Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to fables of Edward Uspienski, who is popular not only in Russia, but also abroad. The author tries to answer the question what lays behind the popularity of literary works, which won the hearts of children and adults. Fable’s themes, composition qualities and figures of speech are taken into consideration in the article. Uspienski’s fables can be helpful in learning the Russian language.
Лингводидактический потенциал путеводителя как креолизованного текста
Authors:   Югорский государственный университет Ханты-Мансийск, Россия, Баранова Ирина В. , Харченкова Людмила И. ,   Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: September 2021

In this article, the specifics of the guidebook as a creolized text is described including its functions, structure, as well as some linguistic, and ethnic and cultural features. Besides geographic data and information about local attractions, the guidebook contains information concerning how and where you can spend your free time, as well as advertising of accommodation places, recreation zones, catering, telephone numbers and useful addresses of restaurants, hotels, museums, etc. The authors emphasize that the guidebook serves as a moderator assisting in establishing social and cultural relations between tourists and the country to visit.
Технологии развития самообразовательной компетенции обучающихся в аспекте синергетического подхода к преподаванию русского языка как иностранного
Authors:   Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Ротмистрова Ольга
Published: September 2021

The article actualizes the importance of the self-educational competence of students in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language in terms of a synergistic approach. Self-education is considered as a value component of professionally oriented training, and technologies for the development of self-educational competence are considered in the context of military linguodidactics. The author considers technologies that take into account the emotional orientation of educational materials to enhance the cognitive activity of students, strengthen their motivation, develop creative potential, critical and analytical thinking, as effective teaching tools.
Economic Security of Oil Industry: Mechanisms of Partner Management and Monitoring
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Pazdnikovа Natalya , Arbuzovа Alena ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

The transformation of the oil and gas industry is caused by the emerging global situation and threats to the economic security of the agents caused by negative factors. The purpose of the article is to show the need to address the negative impact of external and internal factors on the oil and gas sector, which will give a clear understanding of the effectiveness of state support mechanisms for companies in this area. The authors’ research was carried out on the basis of indicative and normative analysis, program-targeted and expert methods, which made it possible to assess the security level of one of the agents. The methods used present the systemic ideology of studying the economic security of one of the key sectors in the economy, based on identification and assessments. The main results of research are as follows: theoretical approaches to the study of economic security of the agents are determined; of the studied issues are presented; methodological algorithm for identification of threats and assessment of their level is suggested and tested; key factors of negative impact, including those manifested in the pandemic conditions, are highlighted. The scientific results of the conducted research demonstrate a low level of economic security of the oil industry agents and the loss of protection from various kinds of threats. The assumption that the level of economic security of the agent reflects the efficiency of its functioning is reliable, and the peculiarities of factor influence determine the nature of possible threats. The main conclusions of the authors prove the need in the state support for companies in the oil industry and the formation of an effective system for ensuring the economic security of its activities, taking the existing partner practice and preventive security measures into account. An effective security system allows you to successfully monitor and make correct decisions under conditions of economic uncertainty.
The Development of Agglomerations is a Key Direction of the Social and Economic Development Strategy of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan, Yusupova Irina , Golitsyna Lyudmila ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: September 2021

The current economic situation makes the issue of the urban agglomerations appearance and development crucial. Global experience shows that urban agglomeration is a rational form of territorial use. Through this process the creation of a unified social, economic and investment space takes place. The goal of agglomeration in the 21st century is to establish the basis for the development of large cities as the best form of people settlement. The development of a locality within an urban agglomeration should give it significant advantages. In most cases, the agglomeration process can produce a significant social and economic effect, as well as provide an opportunity to improve the quality and standard of living of the population. In world practice, agglomeration processes have an extensive system of support from the state, and currently there are trends towards the consolidation of individual agglomerations into superagglomerations or megacities. A distinctive feature of agglomeration is the presence of economic interaction between its system-forming elements, characterized by their interconnectedness and features, such as the presence of a large city, which is the center of agglomeration (center of attraction), intensive travel within the agglomeration, as well as industrial and technological cooperation within the agglomeration. In the Republic of Tatarstan the importance of agglomeration development is well understood: the key direction of the implementation of the Strategy of social and economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan up to 2030, approved in 2015, is the development of agglomerations (Kazan, Kama and Almetyevsk). The lack of unified approaches to the management of agglomeration processes is a limiting factor in the integrated development of territories, which leads to an imbalance in plans for housing construction, job supply and provision of transport and social infrastructure facilities. The purpose of this article is to identify these approaches.
Clinical and morphological case of developing liver cirrhosis associated with viral hepatitis in a young patient
Authors: Vorobeva O. V. , Lastochkin A. V.
Published: September 2021

The significance of chronic hepatitis is determined not only by the disease per se, but also by the increased risk of the formation of long-term adverse effects such as liver cirrhosis. Viral cirrhosis of the liver (as the outcome of chronic hepatitis B, C, B + D) comprise from 10% to 24.5% of all liver cirrhosis cases. Cirrhosis of the liver is considered as an irreversible stage of chronic hepatitis, more often observed in men above 40 years, but recently more and more its cases are found in young, working ones leading to disability. Due to the high liver regenerative potential, a prognosis for liver lesions of different etiologies may be rather favorable. As a result, early diagnostics, dynamic monitoring and the use of promising methods for treating liver pathology to stimulate its regeneration that compensates for lost liver functions are necessary. In the clinical and morphological case, pathomorphological changes in organs with liver cirrhosis, which developed as a result of viral hepatitis are described. The aim of the study was to describe pathomorphological changes in organs during liver cirrhosis, which developed due to viral hepatitis, which led to multiple organ failure in a young patient. Materials and methods. The analysis of the obtained accompanying medical documentation (outpatient card, medical history) was performed. The standard methodology of autopsy was used. To process histological sections of autopsy material, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used. Results. Histological examination in the liver shows development of portal tract fibrosis with lymphohistio cytic infiltration, formation of monolobular regenerated nodes, signs of edema, areas of demyelination, dystrophic changes in neurocytes, signs of acute renal failure, a combined profound change in the kidneys detected in the lungs and brain, which resulted in multiple organ failure and subsequent lethal outcome in a young patient. The early formation of portal hypertension with liver cirrhosis, esophageal and gastric varicose veins dilatation lead to fatal bleeding in half of patients. Therefore, timely diagnosed cirrhosis and hepatitis as their predecessors is one of the most relevant issues in medicine.
Sentimento de Pertencimento e Desenvolvimento da Moralidade na Escola
Authors: Archangelo Ana , Luz Tagiane Maria Rocha , Campanaro Claudia Regina , Rodrigues Isabela Angeli
Published: September 2021

Resumo O presente artigo discute a importância de a escola oferecer um “espaço para o brincar” para crianças que enfrentam conflitos morais sérios. Mediante a apresentação de vinhetas, analisa alguns diálogos travados durante o brincar em uma sala de aula, entre uma criança e uma bolsista participante do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID/Capes. À luz de conceitos da psicanálise, o estudo demonstra como o brincar promove um ambiente suficientemente bom que, com a ajuda de um adulto significativo, é vital para que aspectos morais sejam abordados sem moralismos ou racionalizações e para que o sentimento de pertencimento permita à criança usufruir mais profundamente do ambiente escolar.
Revisiting the casing layer: Casing materials and management in Agaricus mushroom cultivation
Authors: Dias Eustáquio Souza , Zied Diego Cunha , Pardo-Gimenez Arturo
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The cultivation of button mushroom has reached a high technological level in developed countries and is associated with high productivity indices. This technological level involves not only compost production and crop management but also the casing layer. Peat has been established as one of the most appropriate casing materials for the cultivation of button mushroom due to its excellent properties. However, good-quality peat is not available in all countries, and peat is not renewable, which reinforces the need for alternative materials. Therefore, studies on the casing layer should include its response to the induction of fruiting since this stage is where the main changes that lead to the formation of primordia occur. This review addresses the different aspects of fruiting induction of Agaricus mushrooms and the influence of the characteristics of the casing layer on mushroom production.
Application of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Treatment Differently Affects Physicochemical Characteristics of Tomato Fruits during Post-harvest Storage
Authors: ULUIŞIK Selman
Published: September 2021

The quality of tomato fruit, from harvest to human consumption, requires a lengthy period for shipping, storing, and marketing. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a good candidate because it is a natural substance produced by plants to defend themselves against stress conditions. In this study, the effect of post-harvest GABA treatments at 0 (control), 5 mM and, 20 mM on the physical and biochemical properties and the polysaccharide content of tomatoes during 28 days of storage were investigated. Our results indicated that 5 mM of GABA treatment increased firmness and shelf-life by maintaining the integrity of fruits compared to control and 20 mM of GABA treated fruits. The fruits treated with 5 mM of GABA decreased the amount of WSP and the expression of cell wall related genes Pectate lyase (PL) and Polygalacturonase (PG). There was not a clear difference in colour index (CI) values among all treated groups at the end of post-harvest storage. Moreover, the tomato fruits treated with 5 mM GABA also showed somewhat less ethylene production, respiration rate and expression level of two ethylene synthesis genes ACS2 and ACS4 towards the end of storage. These results suggested that treatment with 5 mM GABA could be a beneficial strategy for maintaining the morphological and biochemical quality of tomato under post-harvest storage conditions.
FREQUENCY OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE-CENTER CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ISTANBUL
Authors: VARKAL Muhammet Ali , ÖZÇETİN Mustafa , KILIÇ Ayşe
Published: September 2021

Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children worldwide. This study aims to assess the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in children and how it varies according to gender, age, and season in Istanbul.

Materials and methods: The study included 3096 children aged 0-18 admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinic in Istanbul. The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was categorized into four groups: deficiency (100 ng/mL). Descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and correlation test were used in the statistical analysis of the data.

Results: Of children, 52% were girls and 48% boys. The mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 21.8 ± 15.8 ng/mL, and the frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 53.1%. There was a different distribution of vitamin D status between age groups. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in older children. There was also a significant difference between girls and boys in the frequency of vitamin D deficiency (57.6% versus 48.3%). The mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly lower in winter and spring. A moderate negative correlation was found between age and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration (correlation coefficient:-0.36).

Conclusion: This study showed that female sex, older children, and the winter/spring seasons were significantly associated with a higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency and a lower mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
Estimulación táctil kinestésica: abordaje desde enfermería
Authors: Quintero Ramírez Nini , Sánchez García Yuris , Toncel Yasmina , Reales Hernández Liliana
Published: September 2021

La supervivencia de neonatos que no cumplen su desarrollo gestacional completo (< 34 semanas) se ve sometida a técnicas que estimulan su desarrollo neuronal. Por lo tanto, se da a conocer la técnica de estimulación táctil kinestésica, que consiste en desarrollar los estímulos sensoriales del neonato; así mismo, se describe cómo llevar a cabo ese proceso y el aprendizaje adquirido por los neonatos. El presente documento hace un abordaje grosso modo de la técnica de estimulación táctil kinestésica de acuerdo con algunos autores que han investigado acerca de la temática.
Antik Roma’da Bir Statü Göstergesi Olarak Eğitim
Authors: ÇIĞIR DİKYOL Derya
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma, antik Roma’da MÖ 3. yüzyıl ile başlayan Yunan etkisindeki dönemde eğitimin bir statü göstergesi olması durumunu ele almaktadır. Çalışmada bu süreci hazırlayan koşullar ve Roma’nın toplumsal yapısının değişimi paralelinde yeni bir sınıflaşmanın meydana gelmesi durumu ve eğitimin bu yeni toplumsal tabakalaşmadaki önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Antik literatürün temel alındığı araştırmada sosyolojik bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirmeler yapılarak, Roma’nın bahsi geçen dönemde yaşadığı değişim ve eğitimin bu değişimdeki rolü vurgulanmıştır. Yunan kültürünün yoğun etkisi yanında Roma’nın egemenlik iddiasının da eğitim faktörünü ön plana çıkarması, Romalı yeni sınıfın Hellenistik dünyada söz sahibi olma yarışına dönüşmüş ve geçmişten itibaren farklı alanlarda zaten var olan rekabet unsuru bu kez eğitim alanında kendine yer bulmuştur. Elbette bu sürecin başlarında Roma içerisinde yaşanmış olan patrici ve pleb sınıfları arasındaki ayrımının yasalarla eşitlenmiş olması Roma’da yeni bir hiyerarşik yapının oluşmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu anlamda ekonomik gücü olan ve artık politik alanda yer bulabilen aslen pleb sınıfından kişilerin patricius’lar ile birlikte oluşturdukları yeni bir elit sınıftan bahsetmek mümkündür. Bu yeni elit sınıfın oluşması aşamasında Romalıların geri kalanından kendilerini ayırmalarına, sınırlarını çizmede yardımcı olacak statü sembolleri gerekmektedir. Yeni statü grubunun oluşturduğu bu sınırların ilk belirleyicisi ekonomik temelli olsa da, eğitim de bu üst sınıf ailelerin iktidar oyununda rekabeti tetikleyen önemli faktörlerden biri olmuştur. Eğitimin sağladığı avantajlar ile ayrıcalıkların antik dönemdeki bir örneğini izlediğimiz bu süreç, Bourdieu gibi sosyologların eğitimin sadece eğitim olmasından çok statü göstergesi olduğu iddialarının da Roma’da hayat bulmuş halidir.
Theoretical Perspectives on the Theme of Distance Report on 110 Myles: Flann O’Brien at a Distance, An Online Symposium, 26‒28 July 2021
Authors: Đurić Mina M.
Published: September 2021

Report on the 110 Myles: Flann O’Brien at a Distance online Symposium, 26‒28 July 2021.
All that glitters is not gold: Counter penetrating in the name of Blackness and queerness, or, Athi-Patra Ruga's camp act in the dirt
Authors: Adendorff Adéle
Published: September 2021

In this article I engage South African artist Athi-Patra Ruga's artistic practice to flesh out the complexities that arise from the intersection of the terms Black and queer. Drawing on diverse historical, social and textual resources, I interpret Ruga's dismantling of dominant post-apartheid and postcolonial narratives vis-a-vis a close reading of some of his provocative avatars. Ruga's practices of staining, tainting and contaminating serve to expose the borders that produce conventional notions of race and gender. The article employs camp discourse in its allusion to performativity, displacement and artifice in order to 1) lay bare prevailing normative structures; and 2) dismantle conventional views of identity. To avoid being blindsided by camp's flamboyance and ostentation, I propose a view that favours an intimate embroilment with dirt - a stance I argue may furnish camp acts with political intent and so help create a more sophisticated and comprehensive view on the juncture of Blackness and queerness. Relying on Ruga's method of counter penetration as a way of fleshing out a hermeneutic view of Black queer subjectivity, I show how counter penetration in Ruga's estimation is a subversive and transgressive act intent on contaminating and infecting conventional narratives of history, identity and politics. Keywords: Black queer identity, camp, Athi-Patra Ruga, performance.
An analysis of the intersections between race and class in representations of Black and white gay men in QueerLife
Authors: Vanyoro Kudzaiishe Peter
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to critically analyse how intersections of race and class shape representations of Black and white gay men in QueerLife, a South African online magazine. It focuses on QueerLife's '4men' section and how its content represents classed and raced gay identities. My argument is that QueerLife forwards racialised and classed representations of the gay lifestyle, which reinforce homonormalisation within what is known as the "Pink Economy". Using Critical Diversity Literacy (CDL) to read the underlying meanings in texts and images, the article concludes that QueerLife is complicit in the construction of gay identity categories that seek to appeal to urban, white, middle-class gay-identifying communities in South Africa. The article also demonstrates how, when Black bodies are represented in QueerLife, exceptionalism mediates their visibility in this online magazine. Overall, the findings demonstrate how Black and white gay bodies are mediated online and how their different racial visibilities are negotiated within the system of structural racism. Keywords: Class, gayness, Pink Economy, QueerLife, representation, racism.
APPLICATION OF THE DESTINATION APPROACH AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMBLING POLICY AND LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Segoane Lawrence Monnye
Published: September 2021

Gambling in South Africa, which the National Gambling Act sanctions, continues to be a flourishing economic activity. The policy approach to gambling has always been to keep gambling venues a distance away from communities because of the negative consequences of gambling, also referred to as problem gambling and the negative moral stigma associated with gambling. The goal of this policy, which is also referred to as the “destination approach” is to circumvent impulse gambling, which may lead to problem gambling. The destination approach can be credited with the development and flourishing of casino gambling resorts throughout South Africa and at present, such resorts serve as artificial tourist attractions.However, the rationale for maintaining the destination approach in gambling policy and the law is no longer sustainable for a number of reasons. Firstly, the increasing incidence of gambling problems, secondly, there is little or no research that indicates the efficacy of the destination approach in curbing problem gambling and thirdly, the emergence of new gambling platforms such as interactive/online gambling means that gambling is conveniently available at the click of a mouse. Furthermore, there is growing evidence of casino operators relocating to areas with a high frequency of customers, such as shopping malls, which undermines the destination approach.Nevertheless, both the National Gambling Policy of 2016 and the National Gambling Amendment Bill of 2016 persist in maintaining the destination approach as a means of limiting accessibility to gambling opportunities and ultimately minimising problem gambling. This is despite the existence of strategies for the prevention of problem gambling. It is the author’s submission that maintaining and applying the destination approach in gambling policy and law, not only hinders competition in the gambling industry but also poses a threat to the enjoyment of gambling as a recreational economic activity, as listed in Schedule 4 of the Constitution. Destination gambling has little or no effect on problem gambling.
NSPCA HAS STATUTORY POWER TO INSTITUTE PRIVATE PROSECUTIONS – A TRIUMPH FOR ANIMALS AND HUMAN MORALITY National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development [2016] ZACC 46
Authors: Darren Subramanien
Published: September 2021

In this case note, the decision of the Constitutional Court in National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development ([2016] ZACC 46) will be discussed, where it was held that the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (NSPCA) has the statutory power of private prosecution conferred upon it by section 6(2)(e) of the Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 169 of 1993 (SPCA Act) read with section 8 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (CPA) (par 65). From the ancient Khoisan reverence of the eland to the contemporary conception of the dog as “man’s best friend”, humans and animals have a storied relationship, one that is a part of the fabric of our society, homes and lives (par 1). Animals have shifted from being “mere brutes or beasts” to “fellow beasts, fellow mortals or fellow creatures” and finally to “companions, friends and brothers”. Many animal activists and animal anti-cruelty supporters argue that animals just as human beings deserve to live their lives free from violence, suffering and exploitation. It is essential that individuals or organisations intervene where necessary to protect these voiceless companions when they are mistreated. Many organisations and societies that exist around the world, similar to the NSPCA work hard to defend the welfare of animals (par 1). These organisations have for many years been the champion of the norm that we do not accept acts of cruelty against those who cannot defend themselves (par 1).
THE CUSTODIAL ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AT PLAY: A Critical Analysis of the Case of Black Sash Trust v Minister of Social Development [2017] ZACC 8
Authors: Untalimile Crystal Mokoena  , Zamokuhle Mopai  , Emma Charlene Lubaale
Published: September 2021

The Constitutional Court, on 17 March 2017 handed down judgment in the case of Black Sash Trust v Minister of Social Development (South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) case). The case dealt with the payment of social grants, which, in accordance with the South African Agency Act, is the responsibility of SASSA.The Court made a number of orders, including an order that “(SASSA) and Cash Paymaster Services (Pty) Limited (CPS) are under a constitutional obligation to ensure payment of social grants to grant beneficiaries from 1 April 2017 until an entity other than CPS is able to do so and that a failure to do so will infringe upon grant beneficiaries’ rights of access to social assistance under section 27(1)(c) of the Constitution.” This order was made despite the fact that 1. There was no valid contract between SASSA and CPS and 2. That CPS is a private entity, which, in the ordinary course of events, is not the primary duty-bearer in so far as human rights are concerned. Indeed, the Court itself conceded that this order pushes at the limits of its exercise of a just and equitable remedial power. A number of interesting legal issues are brought sharply into focus in light of this court order. Firstly, what is the nature and weight of the right to social security? Secondly, could the private entity (CPS) be placed under legal obligation to guarantee the rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights, in particular, where no valid contract exists between a private entity and a state organ? Thirdly, what are the implications of the Court’s order against CPS for the laws of contract? As the SASSA decision was only handed down in March 2017, it has not been unpacked fully. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to critically assess how these questions played out, in particular, how the Constitutional Court, against all odds, played its role as the custodian of the Constitution.It would however, be premature to embark on such detailed discussion without getting to grips with the decision in the SASSA case. For this purpose, the SASSA decision is briefly discussed with a view to setting the stage for the detailed analysis of the issues.