bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uptake of Quality-Related Event Standards of Practice by Community Pharmacies
Authors: Boyle Todd A. , Bishop Andrea C. , Overmars Craig , MacMaster Kaleigh , Mahaffey Thomas , Zwicker Bev , MacKinnon Neil J.
Published: February 2014

Quality-related events (QREs), including medication errors and near misses, are an inevitable part of community pharmacy practice. As QREs have significant implications for patient safety, pharmacy regulatory authorities across North America are increasing their expectations regarding QRE reporting and learning. Such expectations, commonly encapsulated as standards of practice (SoP), vary greatly between pharmacy jurisdictions and may range from the simple requirement to document QREs occurring within the pharmacy, all the way to requiring that quality improvement plans have been put in place. This research explores the uptake of QRE reporting and learning SoP and how this uptake varies based on pharmacy characteristics including location, prescription volume, and pharmacy type. Secondary data analysis of 91 community pharmacy assessments in Nova Scotia, Canada, was used to explore uptake of QRE standards. Overall, pharmacies are performing relatively well on reporting QREs. However, despite initial success with basic QRE reporting, community pharmacy uptake of QRE learning activities is lagging.
Pharmacogenetics in the Community Pharmacy
Authors: Kisor David F. , Bright David R. , Conaway Megan , Bouts Bruce A. , Gerschutz Gregory P.
Published: February 2014

Introduction:

Although antiplatelet therapy is a mainstay of post–percutaneous coronary intervention therapy, pharmacogenetic (PGt) considerations of therapy are often ignored despite related Food and Drug Administration warnings. Pharmacists are well situated to provide PGt guidance, and the community pharmacy is one setting where PGt testing, interpretation, and recommendations can take place to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Case Report:

A 65-year-old man who had a myocardial infarction that was treated with PCI and stent placement was determined by a community pharmacist to be a candidate for PGt testing to ensure optimal antiplatelet therapy. The patient was seen in the pharmacy as a part of a medication therapy management encounter and underwent genetic testing. Results of the genetic testing indicated the need for modification of therapy. The community pharmacist interpreted the results and made the appropriate recommendation to the cardiologist who in turn modified antiplatelet therapy appropriately.

Conclusion:

This case describes the potential for collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to optimize antiplatelet therapy through PGt testing. Points of consideration for others looking to implement related PGt services are also discussed.
Fault effect analysis of the exhaust manifold leakage for a turbocharged spark ignition engine
Authors: Salehi Rasoul , Vossoughi Gholamreza , Alasty Aria
Published: February 2014

Fault monitoring in internal-combustion engines is crucial for keeping the vehicle performance within the acceptable standards of emission levels and drivers’ demands. This paper analyses how a vehicle’s performance and engine variables are affected by a leakage fault in the exhaust manifold. The threshold leakage that causes the vehicle to exceed the emission standards is determined for a class M1 vehicle tested on a chassis dynamometer over the New European Driving Cycle. It is shown that, when a leakage of 6 mm diameter on the exhaust manifold is introduced, the vehicle emissions exceed those specified in the European 2013 on-board diagnostics standard. In addition, the effects of the said leakage fault on the performance of a 1.7 l turbocharged gasoline engine are analysed at different speed–torque operating points by running the engine in a test cell. The results show that, for this 6 mm leakage, at most operating points the driver cannot notice any reduction in the engine torque. Using the engine performance analysis, a fault effect map for the turbocharged gasoline engine is obtained. This helps to design monitoring algorithms for detection of the exhaust manifold leakage fault. As an application of the map, a strategy is presented on the basis of a comparison between the measured and the estimated pressures downstream of the turbine for the purpose of detecting the exhaust manifold leakage.
Nonlinear model-based control of combustion timing in premixed charge compression ignition
Authors: Kocher Lyle E , Hall Carrie M , Van Alstine Dan , Magee Mark , Shaver Gregory M
Published: February 2014

One of the major challenges in the control of advanced combustion modes, such as premixed charge compression ignition, is controlling the timing of the combustion event. A nonlinear model-based controller is outlined and experimentally shown to be capable of controlling the engine combustion timing during diesel premixed charge compression ignition operation on a modern diesel engine with variable valve actuation by targeting the desired values of the in-cylinder oxygen mass fraction and the start of injection. Specifically, the experimental results show that the strategy is capable of controlling the start of combustion and the intake oxygen mass fraction to within 1° crank angle and 1% respectively. A stability analysis also demonstrates that this control strategy ensures asymptotically stable error dynamics.
Dynamic displacement response of track subjected to a load moving at a variable speed
Authors: Li Kefei , Liu Weining , Han Zhiwei , Wu Zongzhen
Published: February 2014

A closed-form displacement response of track subjected to loads moving at variable speeds is proposed in this paper. The structure of the track is modeled as a Timoshenko beam of infinite length that is periodically supported by double-layer spring-damping elements. The frequency-domain displacement response of the track is simplified into the mathematical form of a summation rather than an integral. The transfer function for the track is expressed in the form of a transfer matrix. Various kinds of moving loads, such as single and series moving forces, masses and double-layer mass systems, are considered in calculations. For the verification of the theory, the displacement response of a simply supported beam subjected to masses moving at variable speeds is calculated and compared with reports in the literature on the same case. The obtained results indicate that the influence of the loads moving at variable speeds on the displacement response of the track cannot be ignored, and the displacement response of the track increases slightly with acceleration of the moving loads. Also, larger oscillations are generated by the interaction of the moving mass and the track.
Relationship between ocular surface temperature and peripheral vasoconstriction in healthy subjects: A thermographic study
Authors: Vannetti Federica , Matteoli Sara , Finocchio Lucia , Lacarbonara Francesco , Sodi Andrea , Menchini Ugo , Corvi Andrea
Published: February 2014

An impairment of ocular blood flow regulation is commonly considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of several eye diseases, like glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration of ocular blood supply induced by peripheral vasoconstriction might be detected by measuring the ocular surface temperature. The ocular surface temperature was evaluated in a group of 38 healthy young subjects (28 males and 10 females; mean age: 25.4 ± 4.1 years) by infrared thermography. For each subject, the experimental procedure consisted of two thermographic acquisitions both lasting 10 s, recorded before and during the immersion of both hands in a mixture of ice and water (1.6 °C ± 0.4 °C). Specifically, the second acquisition began 20 s after the hand immersion. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ocular surface temperature of the two profiles. The analysis of infrared images was carried out every 2 s: at the eye opening (t0) until 10 s (t5), for both profiles. Data showed that ocular surface temperature increased significantly ( p-value < 0.05), especially near the sources of ocular blood supply, that is, temporal and nasal areas (mean increasing temperature at t0 for P1 = 0.12 °C ± 0.13 °C). Therefore, these results suggest a response of the ocular hemodynamic to the peripheral vasoconstriction. The ocular surface temperature may represent a cheap, non-invasive and non-time-consuming test to evaluate ocular vaso-regulation.
Task-Focused Behavior Mediates the Associations Between Supportive Interpersonal Environments and Students’ Academic Performance
Authors: Kiuru Noona , Pakarinen Eija , Vasalampi Kati , Silinskas Gintautas , Aunola Kaisa , Poikkeus Anna-Maija , Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina , Nurmi Jari-Erik
Published: February 2014

In the longitudinal study presented here, we tested the theoretical assumption that children’s task-focused behavior in learning situations mediates the associations between supportive interpersonal environments and academic performance. The sample consisted of 2,137 Finnish-speaking children. Data on supportive interpersonal environments (characterized by authoritative parenting, positive teacher affect toward the child, and peer acceptance) were gathered in Grade 1. The children’s task-focused behavior was measured in Grades 2 and 3, and academic performance was measured in Grades 1 and 4. The results supported our assumption by showing that all three supportive environments were positively associated with children’s subsequent academic performance via increased task-focused behavior in learning situations. These findings suggest that students’ academic performance can be promoted by increasing the support they receive from peers, parents, and teachers because such increased support leads to better task focus in learning tasks.
Luteolin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2 in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Pandurangan AK , Dharmalingam P , Sadagopan SKA , Ganapasam S
Published: February 2014

The present investigation deals with the antimetastatic role of luteolin (LUT) by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -2 in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in Balb/C mice. Animals received AOM at a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally once a week for 3 weeks. AOM-induced mice was treated with LUT (1.2 mg of LUT/kg body weight/day orally). After the experimental period, the tumor markers such as γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), 5′ nucleotidase (5′ND), cathepsin-D (Cat-D), and carcinoembroyonic antigen (CEA) were elevated upon induction with AOM. Subsequent treatment with LUT results in the reduction of the tumor markers was recorded. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were analyzed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence methods. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were increased during AOM induction and upon treatment with LUT reduced the expressions. RT-PCR analysis of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase ( TIMP)- 2 was limited during AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC). Supplementation of LUT increased the expression of TIMP-2. To conclude, LUT acts as an antimetastatic agent by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 productions and upregulating TIMP-2 expression, thereby suggesting that LUT can be a chemotherapeutic agent against CRC.
A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lupus patient treated with belimumab
Authors: Fredericks CA , Kvam KA , Bear J , Crabtree GS , Josephson SA
Published: February 2014

Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody against soluble B-lymphocyte stimulator, an essential growth factor for B-cell maturation and activation, which was approved by the US FDA in 2011 for patients with active autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have failed standard treatment. Here we present the case of a 40-year-old woman with SLE diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) on belimumab. After a total of 10 infusions of belimumab, from August 2012 through April 2013, in April 2013 she developed progressive neurologic decline with episodic dystonia and autonomic symptoms. Her imaging showed multifocal, confluent regions of T2 hyperintensity in the white matter bilaterally, and CSF JCV PCR returned positive. Based on the patient's clinically mild SLE and the timing of symptom onset, belimumab likely played a key role in the development of PML. Trials of belimumab for other autoimmune diseases are ongoing; as applications for this novel drug broaden, careful monitoring for this potentially fatal adverse effect is warranted.
Lady or woman? The debate on lexical choice for describing females in sport in the Turkish language
Authors: Arpinar-Avsar Pinar , Girgin Serkan , Bulgu Nefise
Published: February 2014

The study investigates linguistic sexism in communication in sports within a sociolinguistic context. The starting point of the research is a recent debate in Turkish society about the appropriate word to refer to females in sport. Specifically, the manuscript focuses on the preference between the near-synonymous Turkish words kadın and bayan (the corresponding English words are ‘woman’ and ‘lady’) in the case of describing females in sport. We present a theoretical background for gender in language and linguistic sources that explains the multilayered meanings of the Turkish words. We also present the findings of a supportive text-mining study that covers articles published in national newspapers in four consecutive years. The study aims to reveal the change in the recent usage in favour of both words as well as investigate long-term trends by using the 50-year archive of a mainstream national newspaper.
Retirement Community Residents’ Physical Activity, Depressive Symptoms, and Functional Limitations
Authors: Phillips Lorraine J.
Published: February 2014

This study examined the types of physical activity (PA) retirement community residents report and the effects of PA and depressive symptoms on functional limitations. Elders ( N = 38) enrolled in a 2-year sensor technology study in senior housing completed regular assessments of functional limitations and depressive symptoms with the Short Physical Performance Battery and Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Evaluation of reported PA using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly coincided with 12-month functional limitation testing. Subjects were 69% female with mean age of 85 years. Individuals reporting greater PA had significantly fewer functional limitations at 12 months. In multiple regression analysis, baseline functional limitations explained 66% of the variance in 12-month functional limitations, while current PA explained an additional 5%. Although PA explained a small amount of variance in 12-month functional limitations, as a modifiable behavior, PA should be championed and supported to help ameliorate functional limitations in older adults.
Automatic Delirium Prediction System and Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Cho Ha-young , Song Xianghua , Piao Jinshi , Jin Yinji , Lee Sun-Mi
Published: February 2014

In Korea, delirium risk screening has not been routinely implemented in intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this study was to implement an Automatic Prediction of Delirium in Intensive Care Units (APREDEL-ICU) system to investigate its impact on nursing-sensitive outcomes and to assess nurse satisfaction with the system. A pre–post research design was used. A total of 145 patients were involved prior to the system implementation and 172 were involved after implementation. Forty medical ICU nurses evaluated the system. The APREDEL-ICU system did not result in a reduction in the incidence of delirium. However, the nurses reported that their knowledge regarding delirium care increased after the system was introduced. The proposed system was successfully implemented without increasing the burden of nurses in their assessment of delirium risk. Long-term use of APREDEL-ICU could enhance preventive care and consequently result in positive patient outcomes.
The Macro Sort of the State Electorates
Authors: Wright Gerald C. , Birkhead Nathaniel
Published: February 2014

Individual-level studies of partisan and ideological change find that individuals generally adjust their ideological preferences to match their partisan affiliation. In examining this process among the state electorates, we find that contrary to these studies, states have adjusted their partisanship to match their ideology. In addition, we use a measure of state elite ideology to show that state parties have a role in the character of the partisan sort of the states. These results are consistent with political explanations of party strategy and rational mass responses for the character of macro-political change in the states over the last half century.
Species Evolution and Cultural Freedom
Authors: Connolly William E.
Published: February 2014

When you transcend the reductionism of both genocentrism and cultural theories that bracket human being from its species origins and biological character, a reciprocal movement between the findings of refined experience and biological research becomes available. Drawing upon recent work in dynamic theories of evolution that respect the human achievements of meaning, freedom, consciousness, and creativity, this essay explores how those findings can inform our understandings and practices of freedom, and vice versa. Along the way, it criticizes the critique of genocentrism pursued by Thomas Nagel, contending that it ignores “teleodynamism” in favor of teleological finalism.
Examining the Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Coping, and Job Satisfaction Using Social Career Cognitive Theory
Authors: Chang Yuhsuan , Edwards Jodie K.
Published: February 2014

Using a social cognitive career theory perspective, the relationships among self-efficacy, coping styles, and job satisfaction were examined in a sample of 314 nurses employed in regional hospitals in Taiwan. Results indicated that self-efficacy was positively associated with problem-focused coping style and job satisfaction and negatively associated with emotion-focused coping. The influence of self-efficacy on job satisfaction was indirect and partially mediated by coping styles. Psychologists and health care managers may use these findings to design relevant intervention programs to enhance nurses’ coping effectiveness and self-efficacy.
Volunteering and Reemployment Status in Unemployed Emerging Adults
Authors: Konstam Varda , Tomek Sara , Celen-Demirtas Selda , Sweeney Kay
Published: February 2014

Given the alarming unemployment rates among emerging adults in the United States, this study investigates the relationships among volunteering, length of unemployment, likelihood/quality of reemployment, and job search strategies in a sample of emerging adults. Two hundred and sixty-five emerging adults aged between 21 and 29, all of whom were unemployed 6 months prior to taking the survey, completed an online survey. Results affirm positive associations between volunteering and likelihood of reemployment 6 months later. The number of hours spent volunteering was significantly related to reemployment status as was the length of unemployment. The use of an exploratory job search strategy, in contrast to the use of a focused or a haphazard job search strategy, was associated with reemployment. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed along with the limitations of the present study.
A Case of Mistaken Identity? Latent Profiles in Vocational Interests
Authors: McLarnon Matthew J. W. , Carswell Julie J. , Schneider Travis J.
Published: February 2014

Vocational interest surveys have traditionally employed a typology (i.e., the Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional [RIASEC] model) to distinguish individuals. Within this framework, respondents are identified as representing various types of people based on their interests in work-related activities. However, much of the existing literature on vocational interest testing has focused almost exclusively on traditional variable-centered approaches to understanding the nomological network around vocational interest variables. Therefore, the focus of the current article is an application of a person-centered approach, latent profile analysis (LPA). Using LPA, we found evidence of eight qualitatively and quantitatively distinct subgroups or types of individuals differentiated on the basis of interests in the RIASEC variables. Further, across the five-factor model and Dark Triad personality variables, minor, yet theoretically sound, differences across the eight vocational interest subgroups were found. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Assessment of a Three-Grade Classification of Complications in Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Gadd Richard J. , Barwick Thomas W. , Paling Ellen , Davies Mark B. , Blundell Chris M.
Published: February 2014

Background:

Prompted by the success of hip and knee arthroplasty, total ankle replacement (TAR) has become increasingly popular as a treatment for end stage arthritis of the ankle. A 3-grade classification of complications to assist in prediction of early implant failure has been proposed. We have compared the experience of a tertiary referral center in the United Kingdom to the proposed system.

Methods:

A retrospective review of the Sheffield Foot and Ankle Unit TAR database was performed from 1995 to 2010. All complications were recorded and categorized using Glazebrook et al’s proposed system of increasing severity. Low-grade complications including postoperative bone fracture, intraoperative bone fracture, and wound healing problems rarely lead to revision. Medium-grade complications, technical error and subsidence, lead to failure <50% of the time. High-grade complications—deep infection, aseptic loosening, and implant failure—lead to revision >50% of the time. In our center, 217 TAR were implanted in 198 patients with a minimum follow-up of 30 months.

Results:

The complication rate was 23%, with a revision rate of 17%. All complications recorded in our study except intraoperative bone fracture and wound healing had a failure rate of at least 50%.

Conclusion:

Unfortunately most complications associated with TAR have a significant impact on the life span of a TAR. Glazebrook et al’s proposed 3-tier system did not reliably reflect our experience. Hence, we would categorize complications as either high or low risk for early failure of TAR.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Damping evaluation on eco-friendly sandwich panels through reverberation time (RT60) measurements
Authors: Petrone Giuseppe , D’Alessandro Vincenzo , Franco Francesco , De Rosa Sergio
Published: February 2014

Problems involving vibrations occur in many fields of engineering. Thus, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the damping, offered by new structural configurations and materials in order to reduce the vibration levels. The present paper focuses its attention on the measurements of the structural loss factor of different types of sandwich panels made of eco-friendly materials. The interest in natural materials, for structural applications, has considerably increased in the last years thanks to the growing environmental concerns. The influence on the loss factor of face sheet materials, core types and configurations is experimentally evaluated by means of measurements of the reverberation time ( RT60). The reported data represent a good initial database for more detailed analyses of these new materials.
Local Politics, Organized Interests, and Land-Use Policy
Authors: Heberlig Eric , Leland Suzanne , Read Dustin
Published: February 2014

This research note examines the influence of organized interests in the land-use policy-making process from the perspective of urban planners employed in city government. Perceptions of these professionals are evaluated using a series of regression models controlling for the mitigating effects of government structure, mayoral partisanship, community characteristics, and the personal attributes of the respondents participating in the research. The results suggest that the aggregate influence of organized interests is more pronounced in cities with mayors when compared with cities with council–manager government structures. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the presence of a partisan mayor can increase the aggregate influence of organized interests, as well as mitigate the amount of influence garnered by specific groups. These findings contribute to the study of urban development by offering new insight into the relationship between local politics, organized interests, and land-use policy.
Attachment Competences in Children With ADHD During the Social-Skills Training and Attachment (SOSTRA) Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Storebø Ole Jakob , Skoog Maria , Rasmussen Pernille Darling , Winkel Per , Gluud Christian , Pedersen Jesper , Thomsen Per Hove , Simonsen Erik
Published: February 2014

Objective: To investigate the effects of social-skills training and a parental training program on children with ADHD as measured by the children’s attachment competences. Method: The SOSTRA trial is a randomized, parallel-group, outcome-assessor-blinded, superiority trial evaluating 8 weeks social-skills training and parental training plus standard treatment versus standard treatment alone for 8- to 12-year old children with ADHD. Results: There were no significant differences in attachment competences at 6 months between the experimental ( n = 25) and the control ( n = 22) groups (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = [0.31, 3.58], p = .91). In total, 17 children (36%) changed their entry status, 1 (2%) from secure to insecure attachment, while 16 (34%) changed from insecure to secure attachment. Conclusion: The experimental treatment does not seem to affect attachment competences compared with standard treatment alone. Children in the SOSTRA trial improved their attachment competences significantly at 6-month follow-up.
Comparative Validity of DSM-IV and Alternative Empirically Derived Approaches for the Assessment of ADHD
Authors: Shemmassian Shirag K. , Lee Steve S.
Published: February 2014

Objective: To identify ADHD symptoms that are most highly predictive of ADHD diagnostic status and compare them against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) algorithms in predictions of functional impairment. Method: Parent and teacher ratings of ADHD were obtained from an ethnically diverse (46% non-White) sample of 151 five- to ten-year-old children (27% female) with ( n = 76) and without ( n = 75) DSM-IV ADHD. We calculated total predictive values to estimate how ratings of each ADHD symptom predicted ADHD diagnostic status based on a structured parent diagnostic interview. Optimal symptom thresholds (i.e., not at all, just a little, pretty much, very much) for predicting ADHD caseness differed for inattention and hyperactivity and parents versus teachers. Algorithms consisting of highly predictive symptoms were then created and compared against DSM-IV-based algorithms to predict independent measures of functional impairment. Results: Several empirically derived symptom algorithms were more strongly associated with functional impairment than DSM-IV-based algorithms. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that alternative methods to aggregating ADHD symptoms may improve predictions of impairment.
Victim Lifestyle as a Correlate of Homicide Clearance
Authors: Rydberg Jason , Pizarro Jesenia M.
Published: February 2014

The current inquiry adds to the literature by using Hindelang’s lifestyle theory to examine the relevance of victim involvement in a deviant lifestyle to the likelihood of and time to homicide clearance. Bivariate analyses suggest that victim lifestyle is an important factor in the distribution of clearance enhancing characteristics across homicide incidents. Cox proportional hazard models indicated that higher levels of victim participation in deviant lifestyle significantly increased the time until a homicide was cleared by arrest. Theoretical and practical issues are discussed in light of these findings.
Effect of surface spacing parameters on mixed lubrication condition
Authors: Xu Dong , Zhang Jie , Li Hongbo , Lu Jinsong , Wang Leichuan , Lei Zehong
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates the effects of surface spacing parameters on mixed lubrication based on a full numerical solution proposed by Hu and Zhu. Sinusoidal wavy surfaces with identical Ra and bearing area curve (BAC) but entirely different peak count ( Pc) are chosen to substitute the real textured engineering rollers surface. A set of mixed lubrication parameters such as average lubrication film thickness, ratio of contact area, ratio of contact load, and non-dimensional maximum pressure are introduced to analyze the effect of spacing parameters of surface on mixed lubrication performance. Numerical examples show that the spacing parameters have a significant effect on the contact parameters. That would be helpful for optimizing the textures, which are engineered into rollers surface for lubrication and wear performance improvement.
Speed control friction experiment for different groove specimens
Authors: Wang Yan-Zhong , Wei Bin
Published: February 2014

In order to investigate the friction mechanism of copper-based friction materials in engagement, two types of common lubricants were used in the speed control experiments. A new test method for friction specimens with different grooves is proposed in the research. The effect of mixed, boundary and adhesion friction can be well embodied in the friction and lock-up process in experiment. The different lubricants and groove forms can impact the trends of the friction coefficient curves with increase in speed. The results implied that the sensitivity of the friction coefficient to speed was different under varying conditions of pressure and speed stages. By the investigation of friction static and dynamic ratio, it is proved that copper-based sintered friction material can work in heavy-duty condition and the one with double-arc grooves can engage more smoothly.
Outcome of acute limb ischemia in cancer patients
Authors: Mouhayar Elie , Tayar Jean , Fasulo Mark , Aoun Reem , Massey Mona , Abi-Aad Simon , Iliescu Cezar , Ahrar Kamran , Huynh Tam
Published: February 2014

The optimal management strategy for acute limb ischemia (ALI) in patients with a concomitant malignancy is not well established. A very high mortality rate (83–100%) at 1 year has been reported in those who are treated surgically. Accordingly, a conservative management approach has been suggested as the main therapeutic modality. Our aim was to evaluate the survival outcomes of cancer patients treated for ALI at our cancer center. Cancer patients treated for ALI at the MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2001 to 2011 were included in this study. Overall survival and amputation-free survival rates were calculated. A total of 74 cancer patients with concomitant ALI were included in the study. Surgery was the most common therapy (36 patients; 49%). Percutaneous catheter-based interventions were used in 21 patients (28%). Eighteen patients (24%) received anticoagulation therapy only, and six patients (8%) received no therapy. The 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year overall survival rates were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69% to 87%), 59% (95% CI, 47% to 69%), and 48% (95% CI, 36% to 59%), respectively. Eight patients (11%) underwent amputation. The 1-year amputation-free survival rate was 47% (95% CI, 35% to 58%). In conclusion, we did not find an invasive approach for the treatment of ALI in cancer patients to be associated with the very high mortality rates previously reported. In our opinion, the indications for surgery or catheter-based intervention in these patients should not differ from patients without cancer.
Truth, purification and power
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie , Adey Kate Lampitt
Published: February 2014

Foucault’s 1970–71 lectures at the Collège de France, The Will to Know, highlight the significance of themes of purity and impurity in Western thought. Reflecting on these themes coincided with the emergence of Foucault’s theory of power. This article presents the first analysis of Foucault’s investigation of purity and impurity in The Will to Know lectures, identifying the distinctive theory Foucault offers of purity as a discursive apparatus addressing correspondence between the subject and the truth through the image of relative integrity or mixture. It then traces Foucault’s subsequent reflections on these themes in his later writings on disciplinary power. The implications of Foucault’s position are considered; the article will close by putting Foucault’s ideas in dialogue with those of Kristeva, and in considering the role that purity and impurity may play in resistance.
Design and ageing of adhesives for structural adhesive bonding – A review
Authors: Pethrick Richard A
Published: February 2014

This review outlines some of the issues which have to be addressed when selecting an adhesive for a particular structural adhesive bonding application. The designer may find that a number of adhesives provide the required load bearing properties and the selection may require a more detailed consideration of the processes involved in the fabrication of the joint, the temperature over which it is to work and the environment in which it will have to operate. The article attempts to provide the reader with an insight into the effects of factors such as time and temperature used in the cure process, details of the components in the mixture and the effects of various additives on the physical properties of the adhesives which are created. The performance of an adhesive may vary with time as a consequence of stress-induced changes which are triggered by thermal effects or by hygrothermal factors. The review considers joints created using metal substrates and carbon fibre composites. The performance and durability of an adhesive bond is critically dependent on the stability of the interface between the adhesive and adherend and is sensitive to the pre-treatment processes used in the creation of the bond. The review outlines how broadband dielectric measurements can be used to non-destructively monitor the cure of adhesive bonds and the processes involved in ageing of joint. The dielectric method gives an insight into the fundamental processes which are giving rise to the changes in the mechanical properties of the joint as they age.
‘What underwear do I like?’ Taste and (embodied) cultural capital in the consumption of women’s underwear
Authors: Tsaousi Christiana
Published: February 2014

This paper argues that women’s underwear functions as a source for (re)constructing female identity, and that women’s consumption of underwear is an embodied experience through which they ‘learn’ to choose the ‘right’ underwear for the right occasion. This experience is understood here through the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of habitus, taste and (embodied) cultural capital, thus expanding the limited literature on underwear and its significance in terms of identity and consumption. Through a series of focus groups and interviews, I argue that women express their taste in underwear depending on their habitus-influenced assumptions about its role and function, and that underwear works as their embodied cultural capital to support elements of female identity. The themes of my analysis include the degree to which my participants exhibit their sense of taste about the underwear they buy, and how they distinguish between the underwear that they need to wear in particular fields; the transmission of their mothers’ cultural capital and taste when it comes to their choices in underwear; and the relationship between underwear and outerwear, and how they use the former to support their dress within specific fields or contexts they move in and out of in their daily lives.
Executive and Organizational Coaching
Authors: Maltbia Terrence E. , Marsick Victoria J. , Ghosh Rajashi
Published: February 2014

The Problem

Differing perceptions of what constitutes executive coaching core competencies by academic and coach preparation programs, credentialing associations, and practitioners obfuscates clarity of definition, roles, and implementation. This lack of clarity and agreement can confuse practitioners and slow progress in theory-building, research, and executive coach development.

The Solution

This article examines diverse ways that executive coaching is defined and distinguished. Professional associations have shaped membership, credentialing, and accreditation based on different competencies. The article describes four executive coaching roles and six enabling core coaching competencies, and it draws implications for navigating, researching, and practicing in the diverse terrain of executive coaching, in and for, organizations.

The Stakeholders

Practitioners might be interested in a map of the coaching terrain that Enables them to better choose among possible avenues toward coach preparation and professionalization. Researchers and theory builders might be interested in definitions and competency models to guide further investigation into coaching.
Using equal cross-section theory to investigate bending properties of cellulosic fiber reinforced cement panels
Authors: Ghasaei Peyman , Masumi Zahra , Hejazi Sayyed Mahdi , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2014

Cellulosic fibers, which are widely available in Iran, can be used as convenient materials for cement panel matrix reinforcing with respect to adequate mix design. This paper at the first stage presents a simple model for predicting the fiber reinforced cement panel behavior during flexural loads by implementing “Equal Cross-section Theory”. At the second stage, experimental study was carried out to validate the proposed theory. In order to do the experiment, different types of cellulosic fibers were used as cement replacement of 1% by weight. In addition, to solve the problem of swelling of cellulosic fibers within cement matrixes, fibers were treated by UV/ozone and coated with sodium silicate. Compressive strength, flexural strength and density of cement composite samples were investigated in terms of different cellulosic fiber types including viscose, Leafiran, milkweed and hemp and the sodium silicate consumption amount. The results revealed that the use of cellulosic fibers diminished the density and compressive strength of the cement panel specimens. Improvement of flexural strength was only achieved by adding the hemp fibers into the cement panels which showed a good agreement with “Equal Cross-section Theory” outputs. Moreover, the reductions in the compressive and flexural strength of cement panels contained sodium silicate were much smaller than the cement panels with uncoated fibers.
Social inequality and changes in students’ expected political participation in Chile
Authors: Castillo Juan C , Miranda Daniel , Bonhomme Macarena , Cox Cristián , Bascopé Martín
Published: February 2014

To what extent does social origin impact the disposition of students toward becoming politically involved in their future adult life? Using Chilean data from Civic Education Study, 1999 (N = 5688), and International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2009 (N = 5192), the present research analyzes, on the one hand, the impact of socioeconomic variables on attitudes toward future political participation and, on the other hand, explores to what extent the association between social origin and participation has changed over time. The analysis is performed in a multilevel framework, to account for both family socioeconomic status and individual school characteristics. The results support the hypothesis that social origin continues to have a strong influence on students’ attitudes toward political participation, in the context of the two measurement points. The resulting discussion focuses on the role of schools in reducing socioeconomic differences, an issue that acquires additional relevance in societies with high inequality such as Chile.
A decade of decriminalization: Sex work ‘down under’ but not underground
Authors: Abel Gillian M
Published: February 2014

New Zealand was the first country to decriminalize sex work. This article provides a reflective commentary on decriminalization, its implementation and its impacts in New Zealand. New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC) was the key player in getting decriminalization on the policy agenda and their effective networking played an essential role to the successful campaign for legislative change. There were contentious clauses within the Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) which were of concern to NZPC and others. However, the research which informed the review of the Act has shown that decriminalization has been successful in making the industry safer and improving the human rights of sex workers within all sectors of the industry. The PRA provides several protections for sex workers, which means that their human rights and citizenship can be safeguarded. Yet there has been little movement towards decriminalization in other countries and reluctance by some to draw on New Zealand’s experience. Indeed, it cannot be claimed that decriminalization will be experienced in the same way in other countries. New Zealand is a small island with a population of just over four million and movement across its borders is more restricted than countries that are part of the European Union. Nevertheless, other countries may find the arguments used to get legislative change in New Zealand useful within their own context.
What should we be advising women about hormone replacement therapy?
Authors: Hamoda Haitham , Savvas Mike
Published: February 2014

The menopausal transition may be a challenging period in a woman's life. For some, the menopausal symptoms may last for many years and can result in significant physical and emotional consequences. Adverse publicity regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use over the last decade has resulted in a significant decline in HRT use, and as a result many women have been left to cope with their menopausal symptoms. This article discusses the current evidence on the role of HRT in the management of menopausal women, including its benefits and potential risks. It also summarises the recent HRT guidelines published by the British Menopause Society.
Web-based hypothermia information: a critical assessment of Internet resources and a comparison to peer-reviewed literature
Authors: Spencer Jeremy M , Sheridan Scott C
Published: February 2014

Aims:

Hypothermia is a medical condition characterized by a drop in core body temperature, and it is a considerable source of winter weather-related vulnerability in mid-/high-latitude areas. Heat vulnerability research, including assessments of internet-based resources, is more thoroughly represented in the peer-reviewed literature than cold-related vulnerability research. This study was undertaken to summarize available web-based hypothermia information, and then determine its scientific validity compared to the peer-reviewed literature.

Methods:

This research takes a similar approach used by Hajat et al. for web-based heat vulnerability research, and utilizes this framework to assess hypothermia information found on the internet. Hypothermia-related search terms were used to obtain websites containing hypothermia information, and PubMed (medical literature search engine) and Google Scholar were used to identify peer-reviewed hypothermia literature. The internet information was aggregated into categories (vulnerable populations, symptoms, prevention), which were then compared to the hypothermia literature to determine the scientific validity of the web-based guidance. The internet information was assigned a Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) grade (developed by the American Academy of Family Practitioners) of A, B, or C based on the peer-reviewed evidence.

Results:

Overall, 25 different pieces of guidance within the three categories were identified on 49 websites. Guidance concerning hypothermia symptoms most frequently appeared on websites, with six symptoms appearing on 50% or greater of websites. No piece of guidance within the vulnerable population categories appeared on greater than 60% of the websites, and prevention-related guidance was characterized by varied SORT grades.

Conclusions:

Hypothermia information on the internet was not entirely congruent with the information within the peer-reviewed medical literature. Several suggestions for improving web-based hypothermia resources include clearly listing sources for users to see and eliminating guidance with lower SORT grades and replacing with evidence-based information.
Comparative Study of the Routine Daily Usability of FoodLog
Authors: Aizawa Kiyoharu , Maeda Kazuki , Ogawa Makoto , Sato Yohei , Kasamatsu Mayumi , Waki Kayo , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: February 2014

Background:

The health care field is focusing considerable attention on dietary control, which requires that individuals record what they eat. We have developed a novel smartphone application called FoodLog, a multimedia food recording tool that allows users to take photos of their meals and to produce textual food records. Unlike conventional smartphone-based food recording tools, FoodLog allows users to employ meal photos to help them to input textual descriptions based on image retrieval. In this study, we conducted usability experiments to evaluate the routine daily use of FoodLog systems with and without image-based assistance.

Methods:

We produced 2 food recording tools: FoodLog with image-based assistance (FL-I) and FoodLog with text input only (FL-T). We recruited 18 university students (age = 18-24 years), all of whom performed food recording for the first time. The participants used FoodLog on a daily basis for 1 month.

Results:

In the subjective evaluation, FL-I had higher average scores for questions related to ease of use, fun, frequency of browsing, and intention to continue. In particular, the latter 3 factors received significantly higher scores with FL-I than with FL-T. In the quantitative evaluation, the daily average number of meal events and food records did not differ significantly between FL-I and FL-T. A detailed analysis of the individual records showed that 1 participant produced 3 times as many records using FL-I compared with FL-T.

Conclusions:

The subjective assessment showed that our new tool, which fully exploits the use of images, is a promising method for food recording.
Sticktion
Authors: LaTour Kathryn A. , Carbone Lewis P.
Published: February 2014

In the quest for better service design, hospitality and service firms have often been frustrated to find that service experiences that are based on what customers say they want are not always successful. A psychological analysis of this phenomenon suggests the following premises: (1) Customers’ memory of an experience fades quickly; (2) customers’ memory of an experience comprises many sub-experiences; (3) customers’ memories of experiences are multidimensional and unintuitive; and (4) consumers cannot accurately predict what they will learn or remember. The goal of an experience design is to create a series of sub-experiences that will “stick” with the customer. This “sticktion” analysis is applied to the practical challenge of redesigning the customer experience at Pizza Hut UK. This consumer research provides a test of the four premises and an application of the underlying sticktion principles. Surveys of Pizza Hut customers found that the existing experience had its bright spots but was generally forgettable. Not only could customers not predict what they would remember about the experience, but one week after visiting the restaurant, the customers also filled in memory gaps with details that did not appear on their initial description of the visit. Even more troublesome was the fact that the invented details tended to be negative. To fill these gaps, the researchers tested specific aspects of the experience that would “stick” and included those in the new restaurant concepts. Using this approach, the chain was able to roll out new concepts that met with initial favorable results.