bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE BASED ON COADDITION OF SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS: NGC 4449 AND ITS STELLAR TIDAL STREAM
Authors: Toloba Elisa , Guhathakurta Puragra , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean P. , Martínez-Delgado David , Arnold Jacob A. , Ramachandran Neel , Theakanath Kuriakose
Published: June 2016

We present a new spectroscopic technique based in part on targeting the upward fluctuations of the surface brightness for studying the internal stellar kinematics and metallicities of galaxies of low surface brightness effects both to galaxies and streams beyond the Local Group. The distance to these systems makes them unsuitable for targeting individual red giant branch (RGB) stars (tip of RGB at

mag) and their surface brightness is too low (

mag arcsec−2) for integrated light spectroscopic measurements. This technique overcomes these two problems by targeting individual objects that are brighter than the tip of the RGB. We apply this technique to the star-forming dwarf galaxy NGC 4449 and its stellar stream. We use Keck/DEIMOS data to measure the line-of-sight radial velocity out to ∼7 kpc in the east side of the galaxy and ∼8 kpc along the stream. We find that the two systems are likely gravitationally bound to each other and have heliocentric radial velocities of 227.3 ± 10.7 km s−1 and 225.8 ± 16.0 km s−1, respectively. Neither the stream nor the near half of the galaxy shows a significant velocity gradient. We estimate the stellar metallicity of the stream based on the equivalent width of its calcium triplet lines and find [Fe/H]

, which is consistent with the metallicity–luminosity relation for dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. Whether the stream's progenitor was moderately or severely stripped cannot be constrained with this uncertainty in metallicity. We demonstrate that this new technique can be used to measure the kinematics and (possibly) the metallicity of the numerous faint satellites and stellar streams in the halos of nearby (∼4 Mpc) galaxies.
THE COSMOS2015 CATALOG: EXPLORING THE 1 < z < 6 UNIVERSE WITH HALF A MILLION GALAXIES
Authors: Laigle C. , McCracken H. J. , Ilbert O. , Hsieh B. C. , Davidzon I. , Capak P. , Hasinger G. , Silverman J. D. , Pichon C. , Coupon J. , Aussel H. , Le Borgne D. , Caputi K. , Cassata P. , Chang Y.-Y. , Civano F. , Dunlop J. , Fynbo J. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Koekemoer A. , Le Fèvre O. , Le Floc’h E. , Leauthaud A. , Lilly S. , Lin L. , Marchesi S. , Milvang-Jensen B. , Salvato M. , Sanders D. B. , Scoville N. , Smolcic V. , Stockmann M. , Taniguchi Y. , Tasca L. , Toft S. , Vaccari Mattia , Zabl J.
Published: June 2016

We present the COSMOS201524
catalog, which contains precise photometric redshifts and stellar masses for more than half a million objects over the 2deg2 COSMOS field. Including new

images from the UltraVISTA-DR2 survey, Y-band images from Subaru/Hyper-Suprime-Cam, and infrared data from the Spitzer Large Area Survey with the Hyper-Suprime-Cam Spitzer legacy program, this near-infrared-selected catalog is highly optimized for the study of galaxy evolution and environments in the early universe. To maximize catalog completeness for bluer objects and at higher redshifts, objects have been detected on a χ
2 sum of the

and z
++ images. The catalog contains

objects in the 1.5 deg2 UltraVISTA-DR2 region and

objects are detected in the “ultra-deep stripes” (0.62 deg2) at

(3σ, 3″, AB magnitude). Through a comparison with the zCOSMOS-bright spectroscopic redshifts, we measure a photometric redshift precision of

= 0.007 and a catastrophic failure fraction of

%. At

, using the unique database of spectroscopic redshifts in COSMOS, we find

= 0.021 and

. The deepest regions reach a 90% completeness limit of

to z = 4. Detailed comparisons of the color distributions, number counts, and clustering show excellent agreement with the literature in the same mass ranges. COSMOS2015 represents a unique, publicly available, valuable resource with which to investigate the evolution of galaxies within their environment back to the earliest stages of the history of the universe. The COSMOS2015 catalog is distributed via anonymous ftp and through the usual astronomical archive systems (CDS, ESO Phase 3, IRSA).
STOCHASTIC TRANSIENTS AS A SOURCE OF QUASI-PERIODIC PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Yuan Ding , Su Jiangtao , Jiao Fangran , Walsh Robert W.
Published: June 2016

Solar dynamics and turbulence occur at all heights of the solar atmosphere and could be described as stochastic processes. We propose that finite-lifetime transients recurring at a certain place could trigger quasi-periodic processes in the associated structures. In this study, we developed a mathematical model for finite-lifetime and randomly occurring transients, and found that quasi-periodic processes with periods longer than the timescale of the transients, are detectable intrinsically in the form of trains. We simulate their propagation in an empirical solar atmospheric model with chromosphere, transition region, and corona. We found that, due to the filtering effect of the chromospheric cavity, only the resonance period of the acoustic resonator is able to propagate to the upper atmosphere; such a scenario is applicable to slow magnetoacoustic waves in sunspots and active regions. If the thermal structure of the atmosphere is less wild and acoustic resonance does not take place, the long-period oscillations could propagate to the upper atmosphere. Such a case would be more likely to occur in polar plumes.
« Mineurs trans » : de l’inconvénient de ne pas être pris en compte par les politiques publiques
Authors: Alessandrin Arnaud
Published: June 2016

À travers des chiffres et des témoignages issus d’une thèse de sociologie et d’une enquête sur la transphobie, cet article vise à éclairer les trois espaces de tension qui caractérisent les parcours sociaux des mineurs trans. Il s’intéresse ainsi, dans un premier temps, à la famille, laquelle s’avère un soutien précaire et incertain, d’ailleurs peu étudié, par la recherche contemporaine. Il s’arrête ensuite sur l’expérience scolaire des mineurs trans, marquée par une participation fragile et l’absence de prise en compte politique de cette question. Enfin, il interroge les parcours de santé, dans une tradition de prise en charge nationale peu encline à penser ces nouvelles figures de la transition.
Participation civique et politique des jeunes : rôle des relations intergénérationnelles
Authors: Pitti Ilaria
Published: June 2016

L’objectif de cette contribution est d’explorer les représentations et les pratiques de participation des jeunes en accordant une attention particulière aux influences des relations intergénérationnelles sur l’interprétation juvénile de la citoyenneté. Elle présente une étude qualitative menée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de jeunes et d’un échantillon d’adultes significatifs à Bologne (Italie). Les résultats soulignent que les relations entre jeunes et adultes influencent la préférence des jeunes pour certaines formes de participation ainsi que le sens qu’ils attribuent à leur comportement participatif.
Les interventions militaires françaises au Levant pendant la Grande Guerre
Authors: Frémeaux Jacques
Published: June 2016

Les interventions militaires de la France au Levant ne sont pas au niveau des ambitions qui s’expriment chez ses diplomates, en particulier à l’occasion des accords Sykes-Picot. Le rôle de la Marine, non négligeable, consiste essentiellement, après avoir participé à la défense du canal de Suez en février 1915, à assurer le blocus des côtes. La participation terrestre se réduit à celle du DFP (détachement français de Palestine), créé en avril 1917. Il comprend environ 7 000 hommes, qui, intégrés à l’armée britannique (100 000 hommes), font campagne depuis l’Égypte jusqu’à la Syrie. Il faut aussi mentionner la présence de quelques dizaines de spécialistes, notamment des artilleurs, dans les contingents de la Révolte arabe dirigée par les Hachémites. Cette faiblesse d’ensemble s’explique par la priorité donnée aux autres fronts en France, mais aussi dans les Balkans, alors que le commandement français est confronté à une crise des effectifs.
Les Journées de l’économie
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal
Published: June 2016

« Qu’attendons-nous pour agir ? » était le thème général des Jéco 2015. Même si les économistes divergent sur l’analyse des perspectives économiques pour les décennies à venir, ils sont en revanche nombreux à s’inquiéter des évolutions qui n’ont été qu’accentuées par la crise financière : faiblesse des taux d’emploi, effritement des classes moyennes, augmentation des inégalités à l’intérieur des pays, désindustrialisation des économies occidentales et d’une partie des émergents, timidité dans la mise en place des politiques environnementales. Les interrogations se multiplient sur la capacité de nos économies de marché à créer de l’intégration sociale. Les situations sont contrastées selon les économies, mais aussi selon les territoires à l’intérieur des économies.
Politiques monétaires,
Authors: Galiana Lino
Published: June 2016

L’absence d’effets du quantitative easing (QE) européen amène à se demander si son principal effet n’est pas d’accroître la richesse d’une part réduite de la population, sans parvenir à stimuler l’économie. Cette interrogation sur les effets distributifs des politiques monétaires récentes rejoint une recherche plus vaste sur l’influence des inégalités dans la transmission de la politique monétaire.
Grandir avec la culture
Authors: Fivian Patricia
Published: June 2016

Résumé La Maison des adolescents des Hautes-Alpes fonctionne depuis 2011. Elle développe, au-delà de l’accueil, de l’écoute et de l’accompagnement aux soins des adolescents et de leurs familles, des actions de prévention à médiation artistique. À l’occasion des 8 e  journées nationales des Maisons des adolescents, elle est sollicitée pour un article ayant pour thème « Grandir avec la culture ». Ce thème est ici abordé sous trois angles majeurs : culture et processus d’adolescence, adolescents porteurs d’une « culture jeunes », adolescents immigrants ou adoptés porteurs d’une « culture d’origine », et avec la vision de la culture comme un outil d’aide à la compréhension de monde et à l’ouverture vers les autres.
Adolescents : comment se métisser ?
Authors: Simon Amalini , Ahovi Jonathan , Moro Marie Rose
Published: June 2016

Résumé L’adolescence est une étape importante dans le passage de l’enfance à l’âge adulte. Il se complexifie lorsque l’adolescent doit jongler entre différents univers culturels. En effet, pour des adolescents qui grandissent en France avec des origines d’ailleurs, la question du métissage est au cœur de leur quête identitaire. Cela implique alors de chercher entre le « ici » et « l’ailleurs », en prenant en compte l’histoire migratoire qui peut parfois se vivre de manière traumatique. Il faut alors créer à notre tour des dispositifs métissés afin de les accompagner de manière adaptée. C’est justement l’enjeu de la clinique transculturelle. À travers des apports théoriques et une situation clinique, nous verrons que c’est tout un travail de lien qui définit le métissage des adolescents.
Grandir dans la pluralité des mondes contemporains
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: June 2016

Résumé Dans nos sociétés divisées en classes sociales, en groupes particuliers souvent issus de différentes cultures, le passage de l’enfance à l’âge d’homme n’est plus balisé, l’adolescent reste dans une longue phase d’entre-deux, parallèle d’ailleurs à sa scolarisation. L’adolescence est imprégnée de significations multiples sous l’égide des transformations sociales et culturelles de nos sociétés. Elle se mue en un archipel de cultures et d’individualités, infiniment fragmentées. Grandir est devenu une expérience plurielle. En amont et en aval, elle a éclaté. Aujourd’hui, elle est devenue une question sociale, il est difficile de s’accorder sur une définition précise à son propos. Elle est avant tout un sentiment.
Grandir dans un monde d’images. Des adolescents acteurs, réalisateurs et spectateurs
Authors: Lachance Jocelyn
Published: June 2016

Résumé L’auteur étudie les deux facettes du rapport à la vidéo des jeunes : l’influence du monde des images sur eux mais aussi la production de photos et vidéos par les adolescents eux-mêmes. Dans cette production, il est notamment question du film Bang Gang dans lequel un groupe de jeunes s’adonnent à des rapports sexuels filmés. Mais la pornographie y est éloignée du fait de la cohésion du groupe et de la diffusion bien encadrée de cette production. L’auteur conclut en demandant aux adultes de faire un effort de contextualisation de telles pratiques et production d’images.
Refus de grandir, refus d’apprendre : les « phobies scolaires » comme symptôme ?
Authors: Lenoble Évelyne , Josso-Faurite Claire
Published: June 2016

Résumé Se fondant sur leur expérience de cliniciennes dans un Centre référent pour le diagnostic et la prise en charge médicale des troubles spécifiques d’apprentissage du langage oral et écrit chez l’enfant, les auteurs partent du concept de phobie pour aborder les « phobies scolaires » dans leurs déclinaisons psychopathologiques plurielles, en vue d’interroger les interactions entre construction du sujet et accès au savoir. L’engagement de l’enfant dans les apprentissages dits académiques, attendu lors de toute scolarité, est soumis à des conditions nombreuses. La difficulté, voire l’impossibilité à accéder aux apprentissages scolaires sont pour les cliniciens une occasion d’ouvrir leurs réflexions vers une multitude de questions à propos des structures psychopathologiques et de leur rapport au symbolique, et interrogent tout particulièrement la notion de « savoir inconscient » en lien avec l’accès aux connaissances scolaires, les destins de ces différents modes de savoir, ainsi que la valeur des symptômes... Les auteurs proposent une série d’illustrations cliniques autour de ces questions.
Rearing hellgrammites for food and medicine in China
Authors: Cao C.Q.
Published: June 2016

A brief report is given on the artificial breeding and resource utilisation of hellgrammites or sand-crawling worms, medicinal insects in China. Combining information from the literature and results from field research, the author gives a description of hellgrammites, provides information on the biology of these insects, their nutritional and medicinal value, and their utilisation in China. It was possible to rear hellgrammites successfully and a description is provided. The problems about industrial development and future prospects of hellgrammites are discussed.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Infections in Orthopedic-Related Devices and Prosthetic Joints
Authors: Antony Suresh J. , Parikh Monisha S. , Soto Enrique , Cameron Craig , Mody Rupal
Published: June 2016

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing
Enterobacteriaceae
have increasingly become a public health issue in a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections and postoperative infections. The complications that occur due to these organisms in bone, joint, and prosthetic joints have not been well defined. This study reviewed the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing
Enterobacteriaceae
infections of prosthetic joints or orthopedic-related hardware. Six infections met the inclusion criteria that resulted in a 100% failure rate when the hardware or prosthetic joint was not replaced initially. However, when the hardware or prosthetic joint was replaced, all of the patients did well. The use of carbapenems remains effective in these cases. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e668–e673.]
Building Undergraduate Nursing Students' Knowledge of the Research Process in Nursing
Authors: Laschinger Heather Spence , Johnson Gail , Kohr Rosemary
Published: June 2016

This article describes a simple approach to teaching a nursing research course to undergraduate nursing students which was received with enthusiasm by both students and faculty. Through short answer progressive assignments throughout the semester involving students in the thinking processes required at each stage of the research process, student knowledge of the research process was progressively developed. Students chose a topic of personal interest for a proposed study and carried this topic through the various phases of the research process. Students positively evaluated this approach frequently commenting that the approach helped them to “think in different ways than before” and strongly recommended continuance of the approach in future course presentations.
School of Nursing Variables Related to Male Student College Choice
Authors: Kippenbrock Thomas
Published: June 2016

Minimal attention has been given to targeting men as a source of nursing school applicants. In this study, a survey was conducted of all U.S. baccalaureate programs accredited by the NLN. School variables and recruitment strategies related to male application and enrollment rates were identified. Consisting of 5.3% of the average school enrollment rate, men remain a minority in nursing schools. Twelve percent of the schools reported no men enrolled in their programs. Seventy percent of the schools reported no effort to recruit men. Schools with higher male application and enrollment rates had lower educational costs, more male faculty, more doctorally prepared faculty, larger gift and endowment funds, and provided expense paid visits to the campus for high school personnel. Only a few isolated schools recruited men into their programs with success.
Hombres de saber y de acción en tiempos convulsionados: imaginarios y lenguajes sobre el orden político en Charcas. (Desde las reformas borbónicas hasta la Asamblea del Año XIII)
Authors: De Gori Esteban
Published: June 2016

El trabajo se propone analizar los imaginarios y lenguajes sobre el orden político que se elaboraron en el territorio de la Audiencia de Charcas en el periodo que va, fun - damentalmente, desde las reformas borbónicas hasta la instalación de la Asamblea del Año XIII. El objetivo del mismo, busca presentar la pugna y reformulación de los diversos imaginarios a través de la relación entre coyuntura y discurso.
1814 en Chile: de la desobediencia a Lima a la ruptura con España
Authors: Ossa Santa Cruz Juan Luis
Published: June 2016

Este artículo interpreta el paso de la desobediencia a Lima a la ruptura definitiva con España durante el año 1814. Primero estudia los orígenes de la guerra civil en Chile comenzada en 1813. Luego presenta las causas del faccionalismo en el bando revolucionario y enfatiza la importancia del Tratado de Lircay. Finalmente, analiza la causa americanista seguida por los rebeldes chilenos después de firmar una alianza político-militar con José de San Martín.
La place controversée de la théorie des émotions dans l'histoire de la critique littéraire française
Authors: Gefen Alexandre
Published: June 2016

S’intéresser aux émotions permet de repenser l’histoire littéraire en réfléchissant aux évolutions des sensibilités et de la place accordée à l’affectivité dans le processus créatif. C’est cette histoire que nous voudrions esquisser en nous intéressant à la place controversée des émotions dans le discours critique français depuis le Romantisme, dont la doctrine se fonde sur le dédain pour les problématiques psychologisantes.
Citoyen par amour. Émotions et institutions
Authors: Coccia Emanuele
Published: June 2016

Écrit peu après le sac de Rome, le De civitate Dei d’Augustin développe un regard méta-politique sur la genèse et la fin des états et des institutions humaines dans l’histoire. Face à la ruine de l’Empire romain, Augustin s’interroge sur la nature profonde du lien social, sur le fondement ultime de ce qu’on appelle État, enfin de toute institution. La réponse qu’il fournit s’oppose radicalement à toute la tradition philosophique et politique romaine et grecque : au lieu de considérer le partage des intérêts et un système juridique commun comme ce qui unit les hommes et qui leur permet de former un peuple et un État, Augustin développe une psychologique politique qui fait de l’amour le fondement de toute institution. L’article contextualise ce choix et en analyse les conséquences politiques et historiques.
Who Cared about Thomas Aquinas’s Theory of the Passions?
Authors: Rosenwein Barbara H.
Published: June 2016

Do theories of emotion affect emotional “practice”? That is, do theories affect the ways in which people describe and understand emotions even when they are not thinking theoretically? No doubt the answer depends on which theory one is talking about and the circumstances of its diffusion. In this paper the focus is on Thomas Aquinas’s theory of the passiones animae and its influence on the writings of two of Thomas’s disciples, Remigio dei Girolami and William of Tocco. Thomas’s theory very likely did have some impact on the ways in which his disciples thought and wrote about emotions, but only in attenuated fashion.
Diversity and distribution of Tardigrada in Arctic cryoconite holes
Authors: Zawierucha Krzysztof , Ostrowska Marta , Vonnahme Tobias R. , Devetter Miloslav , Nawrot Adam P. , Lehmann Sara , Kolicka Małgorzata
Published: June 2016

Despite the fact that glaciers and ice sheets have been monitored for more than a century, knowledge on the glacial biota remains poor. Cryoconite holes are water-filled reservoirs on a glacier’s surface and one of the most extreme ecosystems for micro-invertebrates. Tardigrada, also known as water bears, are a common inhabitant of cryoconite holes. In this paper we present novel data on the morphology, diversity, distribution and role in food web of tardigrades on Arctic glaciers. From 33 sampled cryoconite holes of 6 glaciers on Spitsbergen, in 25 tardigrades were found and identified. Five taxa of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada) were found in the samples, they are: Hypsibius dujardini, Hypsibius sp. A, Isohypsibius sp. A., Pilatobius recamieri, and one species of Ramazzottiidae. H. dujardini and P. recamieri were previously known from tundra in the Svalbard archipelago. Despite the number of studies on Arctic tundra ecosystems, Hypsibius sp. A, one species of Ramazzottiidae and Isohypsibius sp. A are known only from cryoconite holes. Tardigrade found in this study do not falsify the hypothesis that glaciers and ice sheets are a viable biome (characteristic for biome organisms assemblages - tardigrades). Diagnosis of Hypsibius sp. A, Isohypsibius sp. A, and species of Ramazzottiidae with discussion on the status of taxa, is provided. To check what analytes are associated with the presence of tardigrades in High Arctic glacier chemical analyses were carried out on samples taken from the Buchan Glacier. pH values and the chemical composition of anions and cations from cryoconite hole water from the Buchan Glacier are also presented. The current study on the Spitsbergen glaciers clearly indicates that tardigrade species richness in cryoconite holes is lower than tardigrade species richness in Arctic tundra ecosystems, but consists of unique cryoconite hole species. As cryoconite tardigrades may feed on bacteria as well as algae, they are primary consumers and grazers - secondary consumers of the decomposer food chain in this extreme ecosystem. 
Spindle-shaped Fe2O3 Nanoparticle Coated Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Low-cost Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Oh Dong-Hyeun , An HyeLan , Koo Bon-Ryul , Ahn Hyo-Jin
Published: June 2016

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites coated with spindle-shaped Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by a combination of an electrospinning method and a hydrothermal method, and their morphological, structural, and chemical properties are measured by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Xray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For comparison, CNFs and spindle-shaped Fe2O3 NPs are prepared by either an electrospinning method or a hydrothermal method, respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with the composites exhibit enhanced open circuit voltage (0.70 V), short-circuit current density (12.82 mA/cm2), fill factor (61.30%), and power conversion efficiency (5.52%) compared to those of the CNFs (0.66 V, 11.61 mA/cm2, 51.96%, and 3.97%) and spindle-shaped Fe2O3 NPs (0.67 V, 11.45 mA/cm2, 50.17%, and 3.86%). This performance improvement can be attributed to a synergistic effect of a superb catalytic reaction of spindle-shaped Fe2O3 NPs and efficient charge transfer relative to the one-dimensional nanostructure of the CNFs. Therefore, spindle-shaped Fe2O3-NPcoated CNF composites may be proposed as a potential alternative material for low-cost counter electrodes in DSSCs.
On a sharp estimate for Hankel operators and Putnam’s inequality
Authors: Olsen Jan-Fredrik , Reguera María Carmen
Published: June 2016

We obtain a sharp norm estimate for Hankel operators with anti-analytic symbol for weighted Bergman spaces. For the classical Bergman space, the estimate improves the corresponding classical Putnam inequality for commutators of Toeplitz operators with analytic symbol by a factor of 1/2, answering a recent conjecture by Bell, Ferguson and Lundberg. As an application, this yields a new proof of the de Saint-Venant inequality, which relates the torsional rigidity of a domain with its area.
Emergency Preparedness with People Who Sign: Toward the whole community approach
Authors: Cripps, PhD Jody H. , Cooper, PhD Sheryl B. , Austin, PhD, MA, RN, CEN Elizabeth N.
Published: June 2016

The concept of the “whole community” involves including everyone in the community in preparing for emergencies, including members of often-overlooked groups. Deaf people who sign are one example of this type of group. An innovative model based on the whole community approach, Emergency Preparedness with People Who Sign (EPPS), is introduced in this article. This model focuses on members of the deaf community directly training first responders using a variety of techniques for effective communication and cultural understanding to achieve safety for all. This model was developed and field tested by a university Deaf Studies program through student service-learning activities and faculty involvement including on-site role-playing. Through the reciprocal awareness training for both professionals and community members, deaf individuals become actively empowered to participate in developing culturally and linguistically sensitive public safety services. Response to the concurrent training of first responders and deaf community members has been positive, and it is hoped that this model can be replicated with deaf people and first responders in other locations, as well as with other often-overlooked groups.
Disaster relief volunteerism: Evaluating cities’ planning for the usage and management of spontaneous volunteers
Authors: Rivera, PhD Jason David , Wood, MA Zachary David
Published: June 2016

This exploratory study sought to observe the perceptions, usage, and planned management of spontaneous volunteers in disaster planning and response within various urban environments. The authors discuss the perceptions of spontaneous volunteerism in America, specifically the challenges of using spontaneous volunteers in disaster response activities. A content analysis of the 50 largest cities in the US Office of Emergency Management Web sites and a survey instrument administered to emergency managers in these 50 cities were used to explore various questions raised throughout the discussion of the literature. The authors found significant discrepancies between what is stated in the disaster plans of cities and what emergency managers claim is covered in their plans. Of the managers surveyed, only a handful mention spontaneous volunteers in their plans at all, and even fewercities discuss them extensively. In addition, stated perceptions of the value of spontaneous volunteers may impact both how we plan for them and the value they provide.
Impacts of air pollution and climate on materials in Athens, Greece
Authors: Christodoulakis John , Tzanis Chris G. , Varotsos Costas A. , Ferm Martin , Tidblad Johan
Published: June 2016

Abstract. For more than 10 years now the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, contributes to the UN/ECE ICP Materials programme for monitoring of the corrosion/soiling levels of different kind of materials due to environmental air-quality parameters. In this paper we present the results obtained from the analysis of such observational data that were collected in Athens during the period 2003–2012. According to these results the corrosion/soiling of the particular exposed materials tend to decrease over the years, except for the case of copper. Based on this long experimental database applicable to multi-pollutant situation of the Athens basin we present dose response functions (DRFs) considering, that "dose" stands for the air pollutant concentration, "response" for the material mass loss (normally per annum) and the "function" the relationship derived by the best statistical fit to the data.
Are Atmospheric Updrafts a Key to Unlocking Climate Forcing and Sensitivity?
Authors: Donner Leo J. , O'Brien Travis A. , Rieger Daniel , Vogel Bernhard , Cooke William F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Both climate forcing and climate sensitivity persist as stubborn uncertainties limiting the extent to which climate models can provide actionable scientific scenarios for climate change. A key, explicit control on cloud-aerosol interactions, the largest uncertainty in climate forcing, is the vertical velocity of cloud-scale updrafts. Model-based studies of climate sensitivity indicate that convective entrainment, which is closely related to updraft speeds, is an important control on climate sensitivity. Updraft vertical velocities also drive many physical processes essential to numerical weather prediction. Vertical velocities and their role in atmospheric physical processes have been given very limited attention in models for climate and numerical weather prediction. The relevant physical scales range down to tens of meters and are thus frequently sub-grid and require parameterization. Many state-of-science convection parameterizations provide mass fluxes without specifying vertical velocities, and parameterizations which do provide vertical velocities have been subject to limited evaluation against what have until recently been scant observations. Atmospheric observations imply that the distribution of vertical velocities depends on the areas over which the vertical velocities are averaged. Distributions of vertical velocities in climate models may capture this behavior, but it has not been accounted for when parameterizing cloud and precipitation processes in current models. New observations of convective vertical velocities offer a potentially promising path toward developing process-level cloud models and parameterizations for climate and numerical weather prediction. Taking account of scale-dependence of resolved vertical velocities offers a path to matching cloud-scale physical processes and their driving dynamics more realistically, with a prospect of reduced uncertainty in both climate forcing and sensitivity.
Altitude Registration of Limb-Scattered Radiation
Authors: Moy Leslie , Bhartia P. K. , Jaross Glen , Loughman Robert , Kramarova Natalya , Chen Zhong , Taha Ghassan , Chen Grace , Xu Philippe
Published: June 2016

Abstract. One of the largest constraints to the retrieval of accurate ozone profiles from UV backscatter limb sounding sensors is altitude registration. Two methods, the Rayleigh Scattering Attitude Sensing (RSAS) and Absolute Radiance Residual Method (ARRM), have been developed to determine the altitude registration to the accuracy necessary for long-term ozone monitoring. The methods compare model calculations of radiances to measured radiances, and are independent of onboard tracking devices. RSAS determines absolute altitude errors, but because the method is susceptible to aerosol interference, it is limited to latitudes and time periods with minimal aerosols. ARRM can be applied across all seasons and altitudes. However, it is only appropriate for relative altitude error estimates. The application of these methods to Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) measurements showed that, at launch, the OMPS LP instrument had a 1–2 km altitude registration error, resulting in a 50 % error in the derived ozone density at some altitudes. Though some of the error has been attributed to thermal shifts in the focal plane of the instrument, most of it appears to be due to misalignment of the spacecraft star trackers or the OMPS LP focal plane with respect to the spacecraft axes. In addition, there are ±200 m seasonally varying errors that could either be due to errors in the spacecraft pointing information or in the geopotential height (GPH) data that we use in our analysis.
Reviews and Syntheses: Flying the Satellite into Your Model
Authors: Kaminski Thomas , Mathieu Pierre-Philippe
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The vehicles that fly the satellite into a model of the Earth System are observation operators. They provide the link between the quantities simulated by the model and quantities observed from space, either directly (spectral radiance) or indirectly estimated through a retrieval scheme (bio-geophysical variables). By doing so, observation operators enable modellers to properly compare, evaluate and constrain their models with the model-analogue of the satellite observations. This paper provides the formalism and a few examples of how observation operators can be used, in combination with data assimilation techniques, to better ingest satellite products in a manner consistent with the dynamics of the Earth System expressed by models. It describes communalities and potential synergies between assimilation and classical retrievals. The paper explains how the combination of observation operators and their derivatives (linearisations) form powerful research tools. It introduces a technique called automatic differentiation that greatly simplifies both development and maintenance of derivative code.
A two-parameter Budyko function to represent conditions under which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation
Authors: Greve Peter , Gudmundsson Lukas , Orlowsky Boris , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A comprehensive assessment of the partitioning of precipitation (P) into evapotranspiration (E) and runoff (Q) is of major importance for a wide range of socio-economic sectors. For climatological averages, the Budyko framework provides a simple first-order relationship to estimate water availability represented by the ratio E / P as a function of the aridity index (Ep∕P, with Ep denoting potential evaporation). However, the Budyko framework is limited to steady-state conditions, being a result of assuming negligible storage change in the land–water balance. Processes leading to changes in the terrestrial water storage at any spatial and/or temporal scale are hence not represented. Here we propose an analytically derived modification of the Budyko framework including a new parameter explicitly representing additional water available to evapotranspiration besides instantaneous precipitation. The modified framework is comprehensively analyzed, showing that the additional parameter leads to a rotation of the original water supply limit. We further evaluate the new formulation in an example application at mean seasonal timescales, showing that the extended framework is able to represent conditions in which monthly to annual evapotranspiration exceeds monthly to annual precipitation.
PRECISE VISUALIZATION METHOD FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE-THE CASE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION READ RELIEF IMAGE MAP USED FOR STUDY OF ROYAL CITY OF ANGKOR THOM, CAMBODIA
Authors: Chiba T. , Shimoda I. , Haraguchi T. , Shimoda M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. To precisely visualize the Royal City of Angkor Thom, Cambodia, we used a new method in field of cultural heritage study. Read Relief Image Map (RRIM, Chiba et al., 2008) is a powerful method which has been used for geomorphological studies. In this study, using the LiDAR data conducted at the Angkor Archaeological Park in Cambodia in April 2012 (Evans et al., 2013), we visualized the Royal City of Angkor Thom and its vicinity (Shimoda et al., 2016). The RRIM provided a new visualization method of localizing, minute topographical changes in regions with large undulations over a wide area. It has proved to be effective in mapping, on a single wide-area map, the numerous buried remains that exist as comparable height differences or minute undulations measuring less than 1 meter in height, and provides a unique aerial view of their widespread distribution. Based on the RRIM map, past archaeological studies were referenced to reconstruct the layout of the water channel network system. Past studies revealed that a large number of ponds had been dug inside Angkor Thom. The RRIM expanded the investigation and revealed the existence of many ponds outside the royal capital indicating that a residential community had flourished outside the moat surrounded capital city.
GROUND SURFACE VISUALIZATION USING RED RELIEF IMAGE MAP FOR A VARIETY OF MAP SCALES
Authors: Chiba T. , Hasi B.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. There are many methods to express topographical features of ground surface. In which, contour map has been the traditional method and along with development of digital data, surface model such as shaded relief map has been using for ground surface expression. Recently, data acquisition has been developed very much quick, demanding more advanced visualization method to express ground surface so as to effectively use the high quality data. In this study, the authors using the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM, Chiba et al., 2008) to express ground surface visualization for a variety of map scales. The authors used 30 m mesh data of SRTM to show the topographical features of western Mongolian and micro-topographical features of ground surface in tectonically active regions of Japan. The results show that, compared to traditional and other similar methods, the RRIM can express ground surface more precisely and 3-dimensionally, suggested its advanced usage for many fields of topographical visualization.
VISA: AN AUTOMATIC AWARE AND VISUAL AIDS MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE CORRECT USE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA
Authors: Hong J. H. , Su Y. T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. With the fast growth of internet-based sharing mechanism and OpenGIS technology, users nowadays enjoy the luxury to quickly locate and access a variety of geospatial data for the tasks at hands. While this sharing innovation tremendously expand the possibility of application and reduce the development cost, users nevertheless have to deal with all kinds of “differences” implicitly hidden behind the acquired georesources. We argue the next generation of GIS-based environment, regardless internet-based or not, must have built-in knowledge to automatically and correctly assess the fitness of data use and present the analyzed results to users in an intuitive and meaningful way. The VISA approach proposed in this paper refer to four different types of visual aids that can be respectively used for addressing analyzed results, namely, virtual layer, informative window, symbol transformation and augmented TOC. The VISA-enabled interface works in an automatic-aware fashion, where the standardized metadata serve as the known facts about the selected geospatial resources, algorithms for analyzing the differences of temporality and quality of the geospatial resources were designed and the transformation of analyzed results into visual aids were automatically executed. It successfully presents a new way for bridging the communication gaps between systems and users. GIS has been long seen as a powerful integration tool, but its achievements would be highly restricted if it fails to provide a friendly and correct working platform.
MOSAICKING MEXICO - THE BIG PICTURE OF BIG DATA
Authors: Hruby F. , Melamed S. , Ressl R. , Stanley D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The project presented in this article is to create a completely seamless and cloud-free mosaic of Mexico at a resolution of 5m, using approximately 4,500 RapidEye images. To complete this project in a timely manner and with limited operators, a number of processing architectures were required to handle a data volume of 12 terabytes. This paper will discuss the different operations realized to complete this project, which include, preprocessing, mosaic generation and post mosaic editing. Prior to mosaic generation, it was necessary to filter the 50,000 RapidEye images captured over Mexico between 2011 and 2014 to identify the top candidate images, based on season and cloud cover. Upon selecting the top candidate images, PCI Geomatics’ GXL system was used to reproject, color balance and generate seamlines for the output 1TB+ mosaic. This paper will also discuss innovative techniques used by the GXL for color balancing large volumes of imagery with substantial radiometric differences. Furthermore, post-mosaicking steps, such as, exposure correction, cloud and cloud shadow elimination will be presented.
INTEGRATION OF GIS AND BIM FOR INDOOR GEOVISUAL ANALYTICS
Authors: Wu B. , Zhang S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an endeavour of integration of GIS (Geographical Information System) and BIM (Building Information Modelling) for indoor geovisual analytics. The merits of two types of technologies, GIS and BIM are firstly analysed in the context of indoor environment. GIS has well-developed capabilities of spatial analysis such as network analysis, while BIM has the advantages for indoor 3D modelling and dynamic simulation. This paper firstly investigates the important aspects for integrating GIS and BIM. Different data standards and formats such as the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) and GML (Geography Markup Language) are discussed. Their merits and limitations in data transformation between GIS and BIM are analysed in terms of semantic and geometric information. An optimized approach for data exchange between GIS and BIM datasets is then proposed. After that, a strategy of using BIM for 3D indoor modelling, GIS for spatial analysis, and BIM again for visualization and dynamic simulation of the analysis results is presented. Based on the developments, this paper selects a typical problem, optimized indoor emergency evacuation, to demonstrate the integration of GIS and BIM for indoor geovisual analytics. The block Z of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is selected as a test site. Detailed indoor and outdoor 3D models of the block Z are created using a BIM software Revit. The 3D models are transferred to a GIS software ArcGIS to carry out spatial analysis. Optimized evacuation plans considering dynamic constraints are generated based on network analysis in ArcGIS assuming there is a fire accident inside the building. The analysis results are then transferred back to BIM software for visualization and dynamic simulation. The developed methods and results are of significance to facilitate future development of GIS and BIM integrated solutions in various applications.
COMPARISON OF URBAN HUMAN MOVEMENTS INFERRING FROM MULTI-SOURCE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA
Authors: Cao Rui , Tu Wei , Cao Jinzhou , Li Qingquan
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The quantification of human movements is very hard because of the sparsity of traditional data and the labour intensive of the data collecting process. Recently, much spatial-temporal data give us an opportunity to observe human movement. This research investigates the relationship of city-wide human movements inferring from two types of spatial-temporal data at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. The first type of human movement is inferred from long-time smart card transaction data recording the boarding actions. The second type of human movement is extracted from citywide time sequenced mobile phone data with 30 minutes interval. Travel volume, travel distance and travel time are used to measure aggregated human movements in the city. To further examine the relationship between the two types of inferred movements, the linear correlation analysis is conducted on the hourly travel volume. The obtained results show that human movements inferred from smart card data and mobile phone data have a correlation of 0.635. However, there are still some non-ignorable differences in some special areas. This research not only reveals the citywide spatial-temporal human dynamic but also benefits the understanding of the reliability of the inference of human movements with big spatial-temporal data.
MEASURE LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY WITH LOGICAL SCOUT AGENTS
Authors: Wirth E. , Szabó G. , Czinkóczky A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The Common Agricultural Policy reform of the EU focuses on three long-term objectives: viable food production, sustainable management of natural resources and climate action with balanced territorial development. To achieve these goals, the EU farming and subsidizing policies (EEA, 2014) support landscape heterogeneity and diversity. Current paper introduces an agent-based method to calculate the potential of landscape diversity. The method tries to catch the nature of heterogeneity using logic and modelling as opposed to the traditional statistical reasoning. The outlined Random Walk Scouting algorithm registers the land cover crossings of the scout agents to a Monte Carlo integral. The potential is proportional with the composition and the configuration (spatial character) of the landscape. Based on the measured points a potential map is derived to give an objective and quantitative basis to the stakeholders (policy makers, farmers).
EFFICIENT AND ACCURATE INDOOR LOCALIZATION USING LANDMARK GRAPHS
Authors: Gu F. , Kealy A. , Khoshelham K. , Shang J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Indoor localization is important for a variety of applications such as location-based services, mobile social networks, and emergency response. Fusing spatial information is an effective way to achieve accurate indoor localization with little or with no need for extra hardware. However, existing indoor localization methods that make use of spatial information are either too computationally expensive or too sensitive to the completeness of landmark detection. In this paper, we solve this problem by using the proposed landmark graph. The landmark graph is a directed graph where nodes are landmarks (e.g., doors, staircases, and turns) and edges are accessible paths with heading information. We compared the proposed method with two common Dead Reckoning (DR)-based methods (namely, Compass + Accelerometer + Landmarks and Gyroscope + Accelerometer + Landmarks) by a series of experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 73% accuracy with a positioning error less than 2.5 meters, which outperforms the other two DR-based methods.