bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anivita Abbi, Ed. Languages of Tribal and Indigenous Peoples of India: the Ethnic Space
Authors: Schwarzschild-Hercus
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Les habitants du toit du monde. Études recueillies en hommage à Alexander W. Macdonald par les soins de Samten Karmay et Philippe Sagant
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Bernhard Weber-Brosamer, Dieter M. Back, Die Philosophie der Leere. Nāgārjunas Mūlamadhyamaka-Kārikās
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Twentieth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Point and Counter-Point: Erasmus' Debate with Martin Bucer
Authors: Carrington Laurel
Published: March 2012

This article explores the 1529–1530 debate between Erasmus and Strasbourg reformer Martin Bucer, which has received little attention in comparison with the debate between Erasmus and Luther. Erasmus' initial attack, Epistola contra pseudevangelicos, appears to be a list of personal grievances against individual reformers, and yet embedded in this critique is an effort at providing his readers with the means to discern who are the true followers of the gospels. He calls for a resolution to religious controversy through a council that will bring all parties together in pious dialogue. Bucer's response, Episotla Apologetica, is a detailed defense of his party's conduct and doctrine, as well as a counterattack on the beliefs and conduct of the Roman church and its clergy. Erasmus' reply, Epistola ad fratres Germaniae Inferioris, shows a level of bitterness and despair that appears to abandon all hope for reconciliation. The article examines four points of engagement: comparisons between the Protestant reformers and Catholic clergy regarding their personal conduct, matters of doctrine, Erasmus' call for a resolution and Bucer's response, and imputations of disunity on both sides.
Hybridizing Scholastic Psychology with Chinese Medicine: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Catholic's Conceptions of Xin (Mind and Heart)
Authors: Zhang Qiong
Published: March 2012

This paper explores the dynamics of cultural interactions between early modern China and Europe initiated by the Jesuits and other Catholic missionaries through a case study of Wang Honghan, a seventeenth-century Chinese Catholic who systematically sought to integrate European learning introduced by the missionaries with pre-modern Chinese medicine. Focusing on the ways in which Wang combined his Western and Chinese sources to develop and articulate his views on xin (mind and heart), this paper argues that Wang arrived at a peculiar hybrid between scholastic psychology and Chinese medicine, not so much through a course of haphazard misunderstanding as through his conscious and patterned use and abuse of his Western sources, which was motivated most possibly by a wish to define a theoretical position that most suited his social roles as a Catholic convert and a Chinese medical doctor. Thus, rather than seeing Wang as an epitome of "transmission failure," this paper offers it as a showcase for the tremendous dynamism and creativity occurring at this East-West "contact zone" as representatives of both cultures sought to appropriate and transform the symbolic and textual resources of the other side.
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena…: A Genizah Study of Two Additional Fragments of Sābūr Ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-Saghīr
Authors: Chipman Leigh , Lev Efraim
Published: March 2012

Sābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large extent, but are not exactly the same. We suggest that one (T-S Ar. 41.90) may be the work of a professional scribe, while the other (T-S Ar. 40.5) was copied by a practitioner for his personal use.
Dislodging "Embedded" Religion: A Brief Note on a Scholarly Trope
Authors: Nongbri Brent
Published: March 2012

Scholars of ancient cultures are increasingly speaking of the "embeddedness" of ancient religion — arguing that the practices modern investigators group under the heading of "religion" did not compose a well-defined category in antiquity; instead, they claim that "religion was embedded" in other aspects of ancient culture. These writers use this notion of "embeddedness" to help us see that categories post-Enlightenment thinkers often regard as distinct (such as politics, economics, and religion) largely overlapped in antiquity. The trope of "embedded religion" can, however, also produce the false impression that religion is a descriptive concept rather than a redescriptive concept for ancient cultures (i.e., that there really is something "out there" in antiquity called "Roman religion" or "Mesopotamian religion," which scholars are simply describing rather than creating). By allowing this slippage between descriptive and redescriptive uses of "religion," the rhetoric of "embedded religion" exacerbates the very problem it is meant to solve.
Ghostly Effects: Orientalist Translation in Pound and the Yasusada Text
Authors: Twitchell-Waas Jeffrey
Published: March 2012

T.S. Eliot famously remarked that Ezra Pound was "the inventor of Chinese poetry for our time." The nature of this invention is examined within the context of Pound's larger modernist project: his transformation of classical Chinese poetry into Imagist free verse and his projection of a vision of China as a utopian counter-image to the failure of the contemporary West. Although Pound clearly enough was consciously appropriating Chinese poetry according to his own poetic concerns, his particular solutions have had a pervasive impact in determining the look and sound of classical Oriental poetry in English ever since. The fundamental problem raised by this very influential tradition of poetic translation is the illusory desire for easy access to the foreign. In the early 1990s there began to appear the hoax texts purportedly by the previously unknown avant-garde Japanese poet Akiri Yasusada. Although a simulation rather than a translation proper, the Yasusada text will here be considered as a forceful questioning of the usual assumptions of translation's faithfulness and obligations to the foreign original. The elaborate construction of the Yasusada texts, including their initial public presentation as a hoax and the subsequent controversy, puts the reader in a disquieting and self-reflective position with respect to the desire for the authentic foreign.
Unionization in Singapore: A Social Psychological Study
Authors:   Chee Poh Lin, Wai David Wan Tai
Published: March 2012

This study examines the nature of collective action (unionisation) in the manufacturing sector in Singapore, using the social psychological analytical framework as proposed by Guest and Dewe (1988). It was found that among the four explanations of union joining, influence from colleagues emerged as the most important discriminator between members and non-members. This was followed by the costs and benefits of joining a union. Employee dissatisfaction as well as personal and job characteristics did contribute to the prediction of membership status but were of lesser significance. Implications of the findings highlighted the need to further our understanding of how group dynamics affect the unionisation process and how current recruitment strategies can be improved. With a sound appreciation of the demand for and supply of union services in Singapore, this will bring present membership growth to even newer heights.
Une autre intention pour Lv 24 Réponse à Leigh M. Trevaskis
Authors: Luciani Didier
Published: March 2012

This article is a response to the proposal of L. M. Trevaskis (VT 59 [2009], pp. 295-312). Taking into account the book of Leviticus as a whole, it suggests a different explanation to justify the location of chapter 24 in the canonical form of the book.
Short Note
Authors: Anderson Bradford A.
Published: March 2012

Familial succession is a complex issue in the patriarchal narratives. One area of consistency is the designation of the firstborn as bkwr, a title or designation that is never transferred.
Short Note
Authors: Tooman William A.
Published: March 2012

is unique to Ezekiel (5:17; 28:23) and should be translated as a hendiadys “bleeding pestilence”. in 38:22 is a broken hendiadys, “with pestilence and with blood”.
Human and Musical Sounds and Their Hearing Elsewhere as a Literary Device in the Biblical Narratives
Authors: Kalimi Isaac
Published: March 2012

The biblical narrators utilize sounds of musical instruments and/or human voices being raised emotionally and their being heard someplace else as a literary tool and transitioning the reader from one place or group of people to another. The article discusses this literary tool as it appears in a number of narratives in the Hebrew Bible (namely, the Joseph Story, Ark Narrative, Throne Succession Narrative, Deuteronomistic and Chronistic histories, as well as the book of Ezra), and its effects.
Tense and Aspect of Hebrew Verbs in 2 Samuel 7: 8-16 —from the Point of View of Discourse Grammar—
Authors: Tsumura David Toshio
Published: March 2012

In Nathan’s second prophetic speech (2 Sam. 7:8-16), at first the flow of narrative discourse is carried on by the sequence of the verbal forms qtl—wayqtl—wayqtl (vs. 8b-9a) but, in v. 9b, the flow is changed, if not stopped, by the sequence w-qtl... w-qtl... See 1 Sam 17:38, 2 Sam 12:16. Vs. 9b-11a is what Longacre calls a “how-it was-done” procedural discourse and serves structurally as a transition from the Lord’s past dealings with David in vs. 8b-9a to his future dealings with David in vs. 12-16. Thus, vs. 8b-9a conveys a past fact, and how it was done is explained concretely by the “procedural” discourse in vs. 9b-11a. Such a narrative-procedural discourse with the sequence of verbal forms wayqtl. . . w-qtl can also be seen in 1 Sam 1:4, 7:15-16, 2 Sam 13:18, Job 1:5.
SOME NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF IRIDOVIRUS (IRIDOVIRUS, IRIDOVIRIDAE) IN TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (ISOPODA, ONISCIDAE)
Authors: Berg  , Wijnhoven
Published: March 2012

During an inventory of terrestrial isopods in the Ooypolder, east of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, terrestrial isopods infected with Isopod Iridescent Virus (IIV) or Iridovirus were collected. Trichoniscus pusillus was the most important host for Iridovirus; infected individuals and the focus of infection were found mainly between December and March. The symptoms and course of the disease, the route of infection, and the distribution of the virus are discussed. A number of isopod species, Hyloniscus riparius, Trichoniscoides helveticus, T. albidus, Androniscus dentiger, Haplophthalmus mengii, H. danicus, Oniscus asellus, and Porcellio spinicornis are added to the list of species known to be infected with Iridovirus. Au cours d'un inventaire des isopodes terrestres d'un polder (Ooypolder), a l'est de Nimegue, Pays-Bas, des isopodes terrestres infectes par l'iridovirus (Isopod Iridescent Virus (IIV)) ont ete recoltes. Trichoniscus pusillus etait l'hote le plus important pour l'iridovirus; des individus infectes et le foyer de l'infection ont ete trouves principalement entre decembre et mars. Les symptomes et le deroulement de la maladie, le chemin de l'infection et la repartition du virus sont discutes. Un certain nombre d'especes d'isopodes, Hyloniscus riparius, Trichoniscoides helveticus, T. albidus, Androniscus dentiger, Haplophthalmus mengii, H. danicus, Oniscus asellus et Porcellio spinicornis sont ajoutees a la liste des especes connues comme etant infectees par l'iridovirus.
SEX RATIOS OF TWO SPECIES OF SPIDER CRABS, LIBINIA DUBIA H. MILNE EDWARDS, 1834 AND L. EMARGINATA LEACH, 1815, IN THE AREA OF GREAT BAY, NEW JERSEY
Authors: Able Kenneth , Landau Matthew , O'Brien Susan Beth
Published: March 2012

Over a 7 year period, Libinia emarginata and L. dubia were sampled in the Great Bay estuary (New Jersey) and the waters immediately adjacent to it, using a beam trawl and an otter trawl. At collection sites where L. emarginata was common, the average male: female ratio was 2.5 : 1. Males were also significantly larger than females. Pendant une periode de 7 ans, Libinia emarginata et L. dubia on ete echantillonnes dans l'estuaire de Great Bay (New Jersey) et dans les eaux adjacentes, en utilisant un chalut a perche et un chalut a panneaux. La ou L. emarginata etait commun, la ratio moyenne males: femelles etait 2.5 : 1. Les males etaient aussi, de facon significative, plus grands que les femelles.
ACANTHONYX FORMOSA, A NEW SPECIES OF SPIDER CRAB (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, MAJIDAE) FROM SEAWEED BEDS IN TAIWAN
Authors: Yu Hsiang-Ping , Ng Peter , Wu Shu-Ho
Published: March 2012

A new species of spider crab, Acanthonyx formosa, is described from seaweed beds in Taiwan. The species is allied to A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, from western Australia, but differs markedly in the proportions of the adult male rostrum, and in the structure of the hepatic tooth, the third maxilliped, the adult male chela, and the male first pleopod. Acanthonyx formosa is only the second species of Acanthonyx known from the Pacific, the other being A. simplex Dana, 1852, from Hawaii. Une nouvelle espece de crabe, Acanthonyx formosa, est decrite de lits d'algues, a Taiwan. L'espece est apparentee a A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, d'Australie occidentale, mais en differe nettement dans les proportions du rostre du male adulte, la structure de la dent hepatique, le troisieme maxillipede, la pince du male adulte et le premier pleopode male. Acanthonyx formosa n'est que la seconde espece du genre connue du Pacifique, la premiere etant A. simplex Dana, 1852, des Hawa.
Consistency in the Midst of Change: Class and Value Stability in Poland, 1988‐2003
Authors: Peoples Clayton D.
Published: March 2012

Poland has undergone radical social change since 1989. Prior research shows that despite this change, the relationship between class and values in Poland remained stable through the early 1990s, and a similar pattern held in Ukraine as well. More recent work in Ukraine in the early 2000s suggests continuing stability in the class-values relationship, but we lack a similar update for Poland. This study examines Polish data 1988‐2003 and yields significant findings: There is considerable consistency in class and values in Poland into the early 2000s, both with regards to over-time stability in each as well as the relationship between the two. These findings add to mounting evidence concerning the strong, enduring impact of social structure on personality.
Le Capital Amoureux : Imaginary Wealth and Revolution in Jean Genet’s Prisoner of Love
Authors: Nguyen Duy Lap
Published: March 2012

This paper explores the relationship between revolution and corruption in Jean Genet’s accounts of the Palestinian movement in his final work, Prisoner of Love. For Genet, corruption does not simply expose the actions of a revolutionary subject as an empty impersonation, performed for the actual ends of acquiring personal power and fortune. Rather, it exposes the ‘pretension’ inherent in the revolution it undermines as well as in the accumulation of value (for which the revolution is betrayed). For Genet, the misappropriation of money by the Palestinian leadership makes manifest the imaginary character of both devotion to a revolutionary cause and greed for the commodity-fetish (value). Corruption, in other words, betrays revolution as well as the ‘imaginary wealth and power’ which the ‘game of revolution’ attempts to destroy.
The Project of Autonomy: Politics and Architecture Within and Against Capitalism, Pier Vittorio Aureli, New York: The Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture at Columbia University and Princeton Architectural Press, 2008
Authors: Day Gail
Published: March 2012

Aureli advances a fresh, spirited and combative account of the idea of ‘autonomy’, connecting Italian architectural debates from the 1960s with the politics of class-autonomy that was being developed and advanced by workerist theorists such as Raniero Panzieri, Mario Tronti and Toni Negri. Aureli’s account focuses on Aldo Rossi’s architectural ideas (his Tendenza and his book The Architecture of the City) and the project of the No-Stop City proposed by the young avant-garde group Archizoom. The Project of Autonomy is not simply envisaged as an historical exploration of the 1960s; primarily, it is conceived as an intervention in current architectural theory (and cultural politics), drawing on the author’s interest in Tronti’s politics to challenge the contemporary popularity of a broadly post-Negrian ‘autonomism’. This review questions aspects of Aureli’s reading of Rossi and Manfredo Tafuri. Furthermore, although Aureli’s discussion of Red Vienna opens up onto vital questions of strategies for social change, which remain pertinent to contemporary arguments over ‘enclaves’ or ‘zones’ of resistance, his antagonism towards Tafuri prevents his argument from either exploring or advancing the debate which he has initiated.
Transforming Frank Peasgood. Family Photographs and Shanghai Narratives
Authors: Bickers Robert
Published: March 2012

What narratives can be fashioned by the historian from visual documents, and how might this relate to the narrative intention of those who created them? This paper explores the handful of surviving photographs recording the career of a British member of the Shanghai Municipal Police between 1929 and 1943. War and internment destroyed most of the visual records that former coalminer Frank Peasgood had collected during his police service, saving only those that had accompanied letters he had sent home to his family. The narrative he created with these can be clearly presented, and is discussed in the first part of the paper. Clearly, only visual documents could so powerfully demonstrate the transformation undergone by a man coming from his background, and provide the tools for showing that transformation. The photographs are then revisited and a further, complicating, layer of narrative is added, one which puts the policeman back into his place as a colonial subject.
Social Encounters and Self-Image in the Age of Enlightenment: Norbert Elias in Eighteenth-Century French Cultural Historiography1
Authors: Brown Gregory
Published: March 2012

This paper advances the recent debate among early modern French historians on the application of Norbert Elias by discussing how his approach to the problem of social encounters among individual members of a community can be applied to seventeenth-and eighteenth-century France. Drawing on various examples from history and literature, the article argues that Elias's approach holds much potential for this field, because it conceives social encounters and individual identities as forms of symbolic interaction through which patterns of inequality are reproduced among small groups and then replicated across the entire society.
Toward a Regional Definition of Idolatry: Reexamining Idolatry Trials in the "Relaciónes De Méritos" and Their Role in Defining the Concept of "Idolatria" in Colonial Yucatán, 1570-1780
Authors: Chuchiak John F.
Published: March 2012

This paper explores the limitations and validity of the document genre of autobiographical and service narratives of colonial clergymen called Ralaciónes de Méritos y Seruicios and their role in defining colonial concepts of idolatry. It addresses the issues of clerical exaggeration and the use of testimony as a political weapon, two frequently raised critiques of their historical validity. Examining a large number of these Relaciónes de Méritos, placing them in the context of their author's ecclesiastical careers, and contemplating the clerics' intentions in writing them, this paper will argue for revalidating the use of this documentary genre in ethnohistorical discourse. In the course of this examination, the paper will demonstrate the value of these ReLaciónes in studying the regional evolution of colonial perceptions of idolatry as a coherent category of ecclesiastical offense.
Introduction—Citizens and Soldiers: the Renaissance Context
Authors: Withington Phil
Published: March 2012

This introduction has two concerns. It outlines how urban citizens and professional soldiers have been relatively neglected by social historians of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the wider world and shows why both social groups should be taken much more seriously. It then traces the cultural antecedents which shaped idealizations of citizens and soldiers in Britain, Ireland and the wider world from the later sixteenth century. Recent accounts have positioned soldiers and citizens at opposing ends of the cultural spectrum: soldiering is seen as chivalric and neo-feudal, urban citizenship as an incubator for modern capitalist values. This article argues, in contrast, that “ancient” templates were crucial to modern constructions of both social types, contemporary theorists drawing on the same repertoire of classical and biblical learning to idealize citizen and soldier alike. The result was that citizens were encouraged to behave like soldiers and soldiers like citizens. In this way, the corporate practices of citizenship and soldiering were crucial conduits for the dissemination of Renaissance humanism across England, Ireland, Scotland, and the wider world.
Confrontation, Negotiation and Accommodation: Garrisoning the Burghs in Post-Union Scotland
Authors: Mackillop Andrew
Published: March 2012

This article challenges the assumption that garrisons in post-union Scotland were confronted with an “uninflammable” and easily controlled urban population. The emphasis is instead placed on the distinctive aspects of eighteenth-century Scottish society, characterized as it was by a combination of dispersed settlement and the fastest growing urban sector within the British-Irish Isles. These factors severely complicated and challenged the army’s ability to consistently and effectively control Scotland’s villages, towns and cities. Yet confrontation was not the only mode of interaction between local garrisons and the civic world of the burghs. The article argues that excessive concentration upon large scale urban tumults, such as the Malt Tax or Porteous Riots, has detracted from the subtle and sophisticated social and cultural practices which not only regulated relations between both groups but that increasingly eroded the boundaries and definitions of what constituted a “soldier” and a “civilian” in eighteenth-century Scotland.
Cultural History through a Semantic Prism: Length Measures in Jewish Culture in the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Olman Arye
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Since a semantic field can reflect a specific mind set behind a linguistic situation, it shines light on the ideals of native speakers of the language under study. Here, Semantic fields of length measures in the Hebrew language of the Mishnaic period are investigated and the findings are compared to the facts known from other sources.

On the basis of a semantic field analysis of the measuring units existing in Mishnaic Hebrew, it is clear that the social and cultural life of the Jews in the Land of Israel from the second century B.C.E. through the third century C.E. was re-organized and renewed; connections between different parts of the country were strengthened. This dramatic change was the result of pressure from Greek and Persian cultures. This conclusion fits well with historical data.
The Function of "Models" in the Interpretation of Pentecostal Thought
Authors: Faupel D. William
Published: March 2012

These then, I believe are the motifs which provided the framework by which the early message was moulded. The four names of the movement supplied: 1. The Doctrinal content; 2. The World-view; 3. A Restoration theme; and 4. The Experiential application. The names assigned to the message rooted all the motifs in an eschatological perspective. Thus The Word and Witness could correctly declare in 1914: 'This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness, and then shall the end coe.' We believe under God this is the great message for these days. Baptized saints are agreed and confidently assured that we are on the threshold of the greatest event in the history of the world, viz: the imminent appearing of Jesus Christ to catch away his waiting Bride. 1
The Cross Versus Personal Kingdoms
Authors: MacDonald W.G.
Published: March 2012

Jesus' legacy when he died on the cross was such that it was untouchable by the Roman probate courts and tax courts. His personal property was easily disposed of in minutes at the foot of his cross. Of institutional property there was none; hence there was no business property for the apostles to inherit and fight over should they be tempted to continue their internal power struggle that was still going on as recently as the Last Supper. Furthermore, the hecklers who targeted the man on the center cross seemed to be correct in their impudent assessments that he had nothing left even remotely suggestive of the grounds or appropriate power structures indicative of a viable kingdom. The trilingual placard over his head stating his kingship was an irony that could be tolerated easily enough because it seemed so ridiculous. Only one of his men stood by him at the cross. He had kept nothing for himself to fall back on in hard times. He had invested his all in a spiritual kingdom and demonstrated most convincingly what it means to wait for the kingdom of God.
The Holy Spirit and Eschatology
Authors: Williams J. Rodman
Published: March 2012

This article on "The Holy Spirit and Eschatology" was written by Melodyland School of Theology just following the last session of a seminar on eschatology. For almost three months some dozen graduate students had been meeting twice a week to study and reflect upon the whole range of matters having to do with eschatology, or the "last things." As their leader I told them at our final meeting of my intention to write an article on "The Holy Spirit and Eschatology," and asked them for their suggestions. The seminar had not really focused on the Holy Spirit as such: it was much more on such matters as Jesus Christ our "blessed hope," the Kingdom, eternal life and so on. However, the seminar was quick to express a number of ideas concerning the Holy Spirit and eschatology. So I shall summarize some of these, along with a few additional reflections. For brevity these will be listed under several headings.
Parasitization of the white spotwrist hermit crab, Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Anomura), by the rhizocephalan barnacle Peltogasterella socialis (Müller, 1863) (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Faria Fabíola , Boyko Christopher , Mantelatto Fernando
Published: March 2012

Hermit crabs of the species Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) parasitized by the poorly known colonial rhizocephalan Peltogasterella socialis (Müller, 1863), were collected in the infralittoral rocky/sandy area of Anchieta Island (São Paulo), Brazil. We report the presence and pattern of occurrence of this rhizocephalan in the P. criniticornis population. The hermit crabs were obtained monthly during 1999 by two people using SCUBA methods. A total of 992 hermit crabs were captured and examined for rhizocephalans. The studied population showed non-normal size distribution and only 2.11% of the sample specimens carried externae of P. socialis. The parasite occurrence was seasonal and varied with host size. Some signs of feminization were observed on P. criniticornis pleopods (elongation of the endopod and reduction of the exopod of pleopods for males and reduction in the size of endopods for females). This is the first report on this parasite/host relationship for this South American host species. This is the first record of P. socialis (Müller, 1863) subsequent to the species' description, and possible occurrence of the parasite on hermit crabs in the Bahamas is also reported.
Comparative analyses of the abdominal tergal glands in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Queens
Authors: Azevedo Dihego de Oliveira , Teixeira Érica Weinstein , Alves Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florêncio , Moreti Augusta Carolina Camargo Carmello , Blochtein Betina , Zanuncio José Cola , Serrão José Eduardo
Published: March 2012

The acceptance of a new queen in a colony is related to the maintenance of workers court in its surroundings, and for that make up, queens use pheromones produced in its mandibular and in the tergal glands. This study evaluated possible differences in the development of the unicellular tergal glands of virgin and mated queens with different ages, obtained from ovens and colonies. The older virgin and older mated queens had the most developed tergal glands, while queens obtained from colonies had more developed tergal glands than queens reared in ovens.
Habitat associations of small mammals in farmed landscapes: implications for agri-environmental schemes
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos , Peris Salvador
Published: March 2012

The small mammal community in 21 localities of north-western Spain was evaluated in the light of land use composition. The two geomorphologic categories characterising the study area, the main use of the land (arable/pastoral) and main crop types of each sampling locality were used as potential predictors of the relative abundance of five common small mammal species. The Common vole, Microtus arvalis showed a weak relationship with land uses, probably due to the recent colonisation process this species experienced in the study area. The relative abundance of the Algerian mouse, Mus spretus and the Lusitanian pine vole, Microtus lusitanicus was best explained by models built at the broadest regional scale, the former being more abundant in the eastern area, the latter in the western area. The Greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula showed a positive relationship with grassland coverage, whilst the Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus benefited from increasing proportions of fallow lands within the landscape. These two species are then expected to respond positively to those agri-environmental schemes including the increase of fallows and grassy vegetation within the arable landscape (EU recommendations). However, further efforts are needed to predict, at least qualitatively, the response of other small mammal species to the changing farmed landscape. This is especially true for two endemic species occurring at this area: the Cabrera vole, Microtus cabrerae and the Lusitanian pine vole, and for which this kind of information is almost absent.
The Southern Bluefin Tuna (New Zealand v Japan; Australia v Japan) Cases
Authors: Kwiatkowska Barbara
Published: March 2012

The Southern Bluefin Tuna cases before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea resulted from disagreement between Australia, New Zealand and Japan related to the carrying out by Japan of an experimental fishing programme within the framework of the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna. The cases were the first instance of incidental proceedings on provisional measures under Article 290(5) of the LOS Convention and Article 25 of the ITLOS Statute, according to which ITLOS may prescribe provisional measures "if it considers that prima facie the tribunal which is to be constituted would have jurisdiction and that the urgency of the situation so requires". The article considers the parties' arguments for and against the use of provisional measures, considers the provisional measures ordered by ITLOS and the reasons therefor by comparison to the practice of the ICJs, and finally considers the establishment of an Arbitral Tribunal to hear the merits of the substantive case.
Satellite-Based Vessel Monitoring Systems for Fisheries Management: International Legal Aspects
Authors: Molenaar Erik Jaap , Tsamenyi Martin
Published: March 2012

Satellite-based vessel monitoring systems (VMS) are a relatively new technology that assist fisheries management authorities in data-gathering and ensuring compliance with management objectives. In comparison with traditional means of data-gathering and monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS), satellite-based VMS offer considerable advantages in cost-effectiveness, especially if applied at the regional level. Before opting for a satellite-based VMS, however, fisheries management authorities should realise that a number of limitations exist, that it may not be the most cost-effective in all circumstances and that the issue of the confidentiality and security of information will be crucial to co-operation and compliance. The main focus of the article are the relevant rights and obligations of states under international law. The analysis concludes, among other things, that significant legal restrictions exist in the exercise of jurisdiction by port and coastal states with respect to foreign fishing vessels in lateral passage, conditions for entry into port and foreign vessels engaged in bunkering of fishing vessels.
The Ireland v United Kingdom (Mox Plant) Case: Applying the Doctrine of Treaty Parallelism
Authors: Kwiatkowska Barbara
Published: March 2012

This article analyses the 2001 Mox Plant (Provisional Measures) Order - the second instance of ITLOS acting under the innovatory LOSC Article 290(5) - pending the establishment of the Annex VII Mox Plant Arbitral Tribunal. An OSPAR Mox Plant Arbitration is also pending. The article analyses key aspects of the 2001 Order including the low thresholds for prima facie jurisdiction and the fundamental requirement of urgency, the distinctive treatment of "substantive" and "procedural" rights and the basis for the tribunals reliance on the precautionary principle, which is in the regional treaties concerned, but not in the LOSC. These issues are scrutinized in the light of the application of the doctrine of treaty parallelism as expounded by the 2000 Southern Bluefin Tuna (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) Award. The article argues that the legitimacy of the Order could have been increased had ITLOS defined the Mox Plant dispute as an EU-law centered dispute, and it concludes with the hope that the Mox Plant case will provide an incentive for the European Community as party to LOSC to give closer and constructive consideration to its policy on the settlement of ocean and other environmental disputes.
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes in International Law: The Special Case of the Mediterranean Area
Authors: Cubel Pablo
Published: March 2012

Since the early 1980s different organisations have tried to enact international instruments to control international waste trade. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal was adopted in 1989 under the auspices of UNEP in order to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from the management of waste involved in transboundary movements of hazardous waste and its disposal. The Basel Convention has evolved significantly in eight years-whereas only 35 states and the EC signed the Convention at the time of its adoption, more than 113 states have ratified it as to August 1997. Several other instruments have been developed under the Basel Convention influence. Among those treaties that have been adopted, two deserve special attention. First, the Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa adopted in 1991 under the auspices of OAU. Second, the Fourth Lomé Convention adopted by the EC and its member states and 69 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. The first part of this article is devoted to a comparative analysis of those three Conventions. The second part of this article gives an objective analysis of the substantive regulation of the Izmir Protocol while criticising diverse aspects and proposing alternatives in view of the conventions treated in the preceding part.
The Background to the Imposition of the Straight Baseline System Around the Irish Coast: An Interesting Episode in Anglo-Irish Legal Relations
Authors: Symmons Clive R.
Published: March 2012

In the 1930s and late 1950s there were official moves in Ireland to apply a straight baseline system around the Irish coastline. Much internal discussion resulted in Ireland in the postwar period about how the baselines should be drawn. Contemporaneously with such internal official discussion, talks were held with the British authorities. One of the Irish aims was to ensure that as far as possible the UK should approve in advance the proposed baseline system. Despite this, in at least one geographical instance, Ireland ignored the British viewpoint which later led to British diplomatic protest. This disputed part of the Irish straight baselines-and others-may now have to be revised following Irish accession to the new LOS Convention insofar as they infringe international law. This article for the first time analyses recently released Irish archive documents relating to this process.
Problems of Compulsory Jurisdiction and the Settlement of Disputes Relating to Straddling Fish Stocks
Authors: Boyle A.E.
Published: March 2012

Modern fisheries law has for some time recognised the special interest of coastal states in the management of adjacent high seas fisheries. It has been slower to acknowledge a comparable interest on the part of high seas fishing states in the conservation and management of EEZ stocks by coastal states. This imbalance of rights and obligations between these two groups of states continues to be reflected in the fisheries articles of the 1982 UNCLOS and in the 1995 Agreement on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. Much of the Law of the Sea Convention is about balancing the interests of different groups of states, and maintaining that balance is one of the reasons for adopting the principle of compulsory binding dispute settlement of disputes in Part XV of the Convention. Disputes about straddling fish stocks are necessarily disputes about the balance between coastal and high seas fishing states, and more generally, about the interest of the international community in sustainable management of stocks. Despite the significant changes which the 1995 Agreement makes to the substantive UNCLOS fisheries law, it remains far from clear that disputes concerning coastal state overfishing or inadequate management of straddling stocks within its own EEZ can be the subject of any form of binding process initiated by another fishing state or entity, even if there is a serious impact on the viability of stocks in other EEZs or on the high seas beyond national jurisdiction. But while coastal states and high seas states may have unequal rights and obligations with regard to fisheries access and management, they do have an equal interest in access to dispute settlement options. Both share a need for authoritative interpretation of difficult and complex texts; in both cases compulsory dispute settlement may be required in the event of failure to reach agreement on the management of shared access to straddling stocks. To hold that only coastal states have the right to compulsory binding settlement in such cases is to stabilise and protect one side of an equitable balance while leaving the other side vulnerable to erosion and instability. The question whether disputes concerning all or part of a straddling stock fall inside or outside compulsory jurisdiction is thus more than a technical question of treaty interpretation. It poses some fundamental questions about the nature of equitable utilisation as a legal principle governing use of common resources. Both in the interests of equitable access to justice, and the effective management and sustainable use of straddling stocks, compulsory jurisdiction should apply to all aspects of such a dispute. The rights of coastal states
Parents As Decision-Makers — Do the Attitudes of Norwegian Doctors Conform to Law?
Authors: Bahus Marianne K. , Føerde Reidun
Published: March 2012

This article studies whether the attitudes of Norwegian doctors regarding surrogate decision power in end-of-life care conform to legal rules, particularly as they apply to the protection of children. The article is based on a hypothetical scenario concerning a critically ill child, believed to be dying, presented to 406 doctors. The study indicates that doctors may permit parental/surrogate decision-making to a greater extent than justified by law, sometimes in contravention of the child’s best interests, which should be a fundamental guideline in all decisions that concern children. This article suggests a need to improve knowledge of doctors concerning parents’/surrogates’ right to participate in life-or-death decisions. We conclude that Norway needs a precedent decision from the Supreme Court that confirms the right of judicial review of end-of-life decisions, and which applies the principle of the child’s best interests as a fundamental guideline in the final decision.
Reflections on Arctic Maritime Delimitations: A Comparative Analysis between the Case Law and State Practice
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi
Published: March 2012

The determination of spatial ambit of the coastal State jurisdiction is fundamental for ocean governance and the same applies to the Arctic Ocean. In this regard, a question arises how it is possible to delimit marine spaces where the jurisdiction of two or more coastal States overlaps. Without rules on maritime delimitation in marine spaces where the jurisdiction of coastal States overlaps, the legal uses of these spaces cannot be enjoyed effectively. In this sense, maritime delimitation is of paramount importance in the Arctic Ocean governance. Thus, this study will examine Arctic maritime delimitations by comparing them to the case law concerning maritime delimitation. In so doing, this study seeks to clarify features of Arctic maritime delimitations.
The Status of Non-Implemented EEA Law in Iceland: Lessons from the Judicial Reactions of the Supreme Court to International Law
Authors: Hannesson Ólafur Ísberg
Published: March 2012

In October 2007, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court confirmed that the doctrines of direct effect and primacy could not be generated by the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement alone. Rather, the effects of non-implemented EEA provisions were to remain in the hands of the EFTA States. Hence, the relevant question is what weight should be accorded to such norms in domestic law? The Icelandic Supreme Court has yet to take a stance on the direct effect question relation to incorrectly or insufficiently transposed EEA law. The issue has, however, been addressed several times in connection with the European Convention on Human Rights, before its incorporation. In order to address the unclear legal status of EEA norms in Icelandic law, this contribution takes a closer look at the judicial attitude of the Supreme Court taken towards international law in general and the Convention in particular. The perceived differences between EEA law and the Convention have made it easy for observers to dismiss such comparison on the grounds that the two kinds of legal regime are not readily comparable. The article questions these apparent differences by pointing out that EEA law in fact shares all of the features of the Convention that led judges to enforce it in the Icelandic legal order.
Aggiornamento and Unity: the Ambitious Ecumenical Theology of Anton Houtepen (1940-2010)
Authors: Steenbrink Karel A.
Published: March 2012

On 11 December 2010 Professor Anton Houtepen passed away after a long fight with cancer. Between 1988 and 2004 he was Director of IIMO, the Interuniversity Institute for Missiological and Ecumenical Studies in the Netherlands. This article presents a biography of this learned and inspiring pioneer of the ecumenical movement. Besides the internal discussion within the Christian communities, special attention is given to his dialogue with the ongoing progress of secularisation.
'Stop Suffering': an Examination of the Concepts of Knowledge and Power With Special Reference To Sacred Practitioners in Harare
Authors: Chitando Ezra
Published: March 2012

This article examines the concepts of knowledge and power in relation to charismatic preachers, African Initiated Church prophets and traditional healers in Harare. It explores how these practitioners perceive knowledge and power by adopting a phenomenological approach. How patients and 'consumers' regard preachers, prophets and traditional healers as being in possession of knowledge and power is also a central concern of the discussion. It is shown that believers are convinced that these specially endowed people are capable of ameliorating human distress through their esoteric knowledge and power. Through an examination of the prevailing socio-economic environment it is illustrated how most Africans are convinced that human knowledge and power are severely limited. A plea is made for religion to be taken seriously by all policy makers who desire to witness the transformation ofAfrican communities.
Philosophische Und Theologische Grundprobleme Beim Verstehen Des Südafrikanischen Versöhnungsprozesses
Authors: Wüstenberg Ralf K
Published: March 2012

In this article the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is evaluated against three main criticisms. The first concerns the conception of truth underlying the work of the TRC. The second concerns the difficult issue of reconciliation and its concomitant manifestations of amnesty and forgiveness. The third criticism concerns the question about the nature of the justice established through the work of the TRC. This is then theologically evaluated with reference to the work of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Dietrich Ritschl.
Biblical Authority Between Fundamentalism and Postmodernism: Elements of an Evolutionary Hermeneutics
Authors: Nürnberger Klaus
Published: March 2012

After a brief critique of traditional and current approaches, this article proposes a new hermeneutic, here called below-the-text reading, which traces the evolutionary trajectories of soteriological paradigms, such as the exodus or the kingship, through a thousand years of biblical history. This method exposes and undercurrent of meaning manifesting itself through successive texts like a story unfolding through the series of frames in a film strip. The emergence and evolution of such paradigms in biblical history are due to the fact that the divine Word responds to human needs in all dimensions of life. Not the individual texts are canonical, it is argued, but the dynamic and direction of the undercurrent of meaning. By extrapolating its thrust to present predicaments, justice can be done both to the canonicity of historical scripture and the demands of modern situations.
A Defense of Hobbes's "Just Man"
Authors: Harvey Martin
Published: March 2012

Is genuinely just behavior possible for Hobbesian agents? More perspicuously, does Hobbes allow that at least some individuals conceive of justice as not simply a means to self-preservation, but furthermore, as a worthwhile end in its own right? In a recent issue of Hobbes Studies I answered both of these questions in the affirmative.1 Therein, however, for reasons of space I neglected to explore and defend adequately Hobbes's conception of the "Just Man" as someone for whom genuinely just behavior is, in the Jamesian sense, a "live option." I intend to correct this scholarly deficit forthwith by proffering what I consider to be a thorough defense thereof. Those who advocate the Standard Reading (hereafter SR) of Hobbes as an egoist will, of course, α priori dismiss such claims as "astonishing" to say the least.2 Nonetheless, if my exegesis and defense is successful then SR will have to undergo a transformation; succinctly, proponents of SR will be forced to acknowledge the Just Man's presence and to weaken their presuppositions and conclusions accordingly (rather than simply ignoring the Just Man as a textual aberration). I begin by cataloging and critically commenting upon the numerous references Hobbes makes to the "Just Man" throughout the major works that constitute his moral and political corpus: The Elements of Law (1640), De Cive (1642) and both the English and Latin versions of Leviathan (1651/1688).3 I then turn in the next section to a defense of the pos