bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant
Activity from Extract Fraction of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) by
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Masturi  , Alighiri D. , Edie S.S. , Hanisyifa U. , Drastisianti A.
Published: July 2021

This study reported the antioxidant activity of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extract and their
extract fraction from the liquid-liquid extraction and vacuum liquid chromatography. The study
comprises with phytochemical assessments, evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and total
flavonoid content (TFC). The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out by using the DPPH
method. The effectiveness of antioxidant activity in sappan wood compared to quercetin. Extract of
sappan wood (ESW) yields of 5.40%, extract fraction from liquid-liquid extraction (FE LLE) yields
of 52.15% and extract fraction from vacuum liquid chromatography (FE VLC) with silica gel and
eluent sequential from n-hexane, 5% n-hexane/95% ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate and 5% ethyl acetate/45%
methanol was produced 60 of fractions extract. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was analyzed
using silica gel as a stationary phase with the mobile phase of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:0.55) was
obtained 10 of fractions extract in fractions of 6 and 7, which showed the most positive results. The
phytochemical test indicated the presence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The highest values
for TPC was FE LLE (216.67 mg GAE/g), FE VLC 160.83 (mg GAE/g) and ESW (18.33 mg GAE/g),
respectively. The highest values for TFC were F VLC (152.48 mg QE/g), FE LLE (66.2 mg QE/g) and
ESW (48.4 mg QE/g), respectively. Then, the highest of antioxidants activity were F VLC (5.42 μg/mL),
FE LLE (6.41 μg/mL), quercetin (6.52 μg/mL) and ESW (7.82 μg/mL), respectively. The results showed
that the highest of TFC was related to the antioxidant activity. However, the highest value of TPC was
not showed the highest antioxidant activity. Both ESW, FE LLE and FE VLC with quercetin as control
exhibited powerful antioxidants.
Synthesis and Biological Screening of Pyrano[2,3-b]quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Abirami M. , Selvi S. Thamarai , Nadaraj V. , Thangadurai T. Daniel
Published: July 2021

Herein, a novel ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of 3-acetylpyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-2(1H)-ones (3a-e)
from substituted 3-formylquinolin-2(1H)-ones (1a-e) and ethyl acetoacetate (2) through Knoevenagel
condensation is reported. We have perceived the application of microwave irradiation and ionic liquid
for carrying out pollution free and ecofriendly chemical reactions. These reactions proceeded much
faster in ionic liquid medium under microwave irradiation. The structures of quinoline derivatives
(3a-e) were characterized by standard physico-chemical techniques. The synthesized quinoline
derivatives (3a-e) were also evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial screening on different strains of
bacteria and fungi.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Triazole Conjugated
Novel 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazole Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors
Authors: Narasimha M. , Revanth B. , Mahender D. , Rajender P. Sarita
Published: July 2021

A series of triazole conjugated novel 2,4-disubstituted thiazole derivatives (9a-l) were synthesized
from salicylaldehyde. These new chemical entities were characterized by their IR, 1H & 13C NMR,
mass spectral data and their molecular docking studies were performed to identify potential inhibitors
of CDK2 protein. The synthesized analogs 9a-l were docked with CDK2 protein (PDB: 1GIJ). Among
these 9h, 9j and 9k showed better Glide score, Prime MM-GBSA and ADME properties as compared
to seliciclib and dinaciclib cancer inhibiting drugs of CDK2 protein. The amino acid Val83 of CDK2
protein was consistently binding to new chemical entities indicating that amino acid is crucial and
responsible for its inhibition. Present findings suggested that compound 9h has 100% human oral
absorption with highest Glide score -8.3kcal/mol whereas drug molecules have feebler binding capacity
and less Glide score indicating that the synthesized new chemical entity as potential inhibitor for
CDK2 protein.
Pharmacological and Phytochemical Assessment of Anagallis arvensis L. Leaf Extracts
Authors: Saxena Shaiphali , Rao Pasumarti Bhaskara
Published: July 2021

The present study elucidates anti-inflammatory potential and biochemical activity via 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging potential (DPPH), total antioxidant activity (TAA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous chelating activity (FCA), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) of aqua-methanol (AqM) and aqua-acetone (AqA) extracts of Anagallis arvensis L. leaf along with mineral content (AAS) and quantitative phytochemicals (FT-IR and GC-MS). AqM extract exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory activity (82.90 ± 0.91%), DPPH (65.06 ± 1.87%), TAA (46.85 ± 7.32 μg VCE/mg), FRAP (73.82 ± 1.21 μg TE/mg), TPC (104.17 ± 1.41 μg GAE/mg); while AqA showed maximum FCA (64.77 ± 1.61%) and TFC (19.12 ± 1.24 μg QE/mg). FT-IR spectra of AqM extract ranged from 1020.58 to 3853.42 cm-1. The major six phytochemicals investigated through GC-MS were 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-methylester; 2-hexadecen-1-ol-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl- [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]; methyl elaidate; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 9-octadecenamide-(Z)-; and benzoic acid 2-hydroxy-phenylmethyl ester exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present investigation characterizes the pharmacognostic and phytochemical profile of A. arvensis leading towards its futuristic significance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Food Using Biosensors
Authors: Avaya Prabha M.M. , Dharini V. , Aishwarya B. , Sha Allan M. Jaswanth , Selvam S. Periyar , Kumar M. Mahesh
Published: July 2021

Over the years, antibiotics and their implementation have been even more erratic and ambitious,
considering their reputation and clinical relevance. In modern times, the medicinal use of antibiotics
is important for the treatment of a wide variety of microbial infections. The misuse and overuse of
antibiotics have contributed dramatically to the elicitation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) that
has become a global concern. Those immune to the medication live and reproduce as bacteria are repeatedly
exposed to low doses of an antibiotic, while the remainder dies off, resulting in a new population of
bacteria that avoids the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics residues in food products/byproducts are
metabolites present in trace levels in any edible portion of animal product after administration of
antibiotics. The antibiotics residues in food which lies in excess than that of acceptable range of maximum
residue limit contribute in development of antibiotic resistances among animals/humans. In dairy
industries, rapid advancements in technology are being made and food processing technology has
started to focus on biosensors to assess the consistency of food products. Biosensors are instruments
that contain a biochemical molecule that produces a tactile signal which is transformed into an indication
to assess the consistency and protection of food. In recent years, when the devices began to grow constantly
with their extensive deployment in the food industries, current traditional methods that have historically
been introduced replaced them. The goal of the following review is to provide a thorough overview of
biosensors and their forms that differ depending on the substrate involved and highlight the insights that
rule the importance of biosensors in antibiotic residue detection.
Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele in contemporary Russian Poetry
Authors: Markov Alexander
Published: July 2021

Leading Austrian artists of the first quarter of the 20th century, Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, did not attract the Russian writers attention until the 1990s, when the development of Russian postmodern literature was conductive to the attention to their experiments, polystylistics, cultural symbolism and aestheticism. It is stressed that although the heritage of these artists was adapted to the aesthetic project of Russian postmodernism, poetic statements about them revealed aspects of art that are not obvious to the common viewer. First of all, in the Russian poetry of the 1990s and the early 2000s (Alexander Ulanov, Alexander Skidan, Irina Mashinsky, Polina Barskova, Elena Fanailova) it was convincingly shown that Schiele’s expressionism directly takes it start from the symbolism of Klimt, and Klimt’s aesthetics already contains Schiele’s one, but Schiele’s manner retains the achievements of Klimt. Further, the author shows a connection between these artists and the achievements of physics along with the cultural and political atmosphere of the time. Finally, it was reported that the achievements of these artists opposed Nazism because Klimt and Schiele demonstrated the inadmissibility of any form of oppression. Regardless of the private thoughts or the works of Klimt and Schiele, these ideas are conveyed by the very form of their works and the approach to style: the semanticization of the material and the ability to give life to the depicted characters. Particular techniques and devices of expressiveness of both artists were interpreted as auxiliary to their humanistic ideas, and it should be recognized as the contribution of poetry to art history.
Design, Simulation & Optimization of a MEMS Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Das Indrajit Chandra , Rahman Md. Arafat , Dam Sanjoy
Published: July 2021

Energy harvesting is defined as a process of acquiring energy surrounding a system and converting it into electrical energy for usage. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a very important concept in energy harvesting in microelectronics. In this report, an analysis of the cantilever type piezoelectric energy harvester is conducted using the finite element method (FEM) based software COMSOL Multiphysics. A unimorph type cantilever beam of the silicon substrate, structural steel as proof mass and support, and PZT-5A material as piezoelectric constitute the physical system.
Polymorphic variants of ACE, AGT, AGTR1, MTHFR and NOS3 candidate genes connected with arterial hypertension as part of the metabolic syndrome among the shor people
Authors: Mulerova T. A. , Tsygankova D. P. , Ogarkov M. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Background: The problem of high blood pressure in the framework of metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the most important for modern medicine in connection with the predicted increase in the incidence in the future and an increase in the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease.

Aims: the aim of the study is to examine the frequency of arterial hypertension (AH) as part of the MS among the members of the indigenous population of the Mountain Shoria and to state the degree of the interconnection between the expression level of the candidate genes ACE, AGT, AGTR1, MTHFR and NOS3 and certain health problem.

Materials and methods: The sample included 901 members of the indigenous population living in the settlements of the Mountain Shoria region. All experimental subjects had their blood pressure measured, anthropometry (measurements of height, body weight, waist circumference) taken according to standard procedures, fasting blood taken to determine the lipid spectrum and glucose level, morning urine dose taken and albumin level detected. All the patients with hypertension underwent duplex scanning of the brachycephalic arteries and examination of the structural and functional state of the myocardium was performed using echocardiography. Gene polymorphisms ACE (I/D, rs4340), AGT (c.803T>C, rs699), AGTR1 (A1166C, rs5186), MTHFR (c.677C>T, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) were tested using polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Among the indigenous population of the Mountain Shoria, the frequency of hypertension combined with abdominal obesity and any other additional component of MS was 28.2%. In the group of the patients with, organ changes in the form of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex were more common than in the group of patients with AH alone: 58.0% versus 45.1%, p = 0.029 and 81.9% versus 67 , 0%, p = 0.007, respectively. The high risk of hypertension within the framework of MS was determined by the D allel of the ACE gene [OR = 2.45; 95% CI (1.05-5.72)].

Conclusions: The high frequency of the spread of high blood pressure within MS confirms that hypertension is less frequently manifested as an isolated disease, more often combined with other components of MS — abdominal obesity or disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Stated genetic predisposition to hypertension within the MS in a specific small cohort of the Shors will undoubtedly help in the development and implementation of the health programs.
The frequency of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in women aged 25–45 years, depending on the level of prolactin
Authors: Rymar O. D. , Voevoda S. M. , Shakhtshneider E. V. , Stakhneva E. M. , Mustafina S. V. , Shcherbakova L. V.
Published: July 2021

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with the highest frequency at the age of 25–44 years. In addition to influencing the reproductive system, it is important to study the effects of prolactin (PRL) on various metabolic links. Available data indicate that the effect of PRL on metabolism depends on its level. In this regard, the study of the relationship of different levels of PRL with anthropometric parameters, indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in young women is relevant.

Aim: To study the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its individual components in women aged 25–45 years with different levels of prolactin.

Materials and methods: Work design — cross-sectional research. A randompopulationsample of women 25–45 agedwas examined. Pregnant and breastfeeding women with macroprolactinoma, and taking antipsychotics were excluded. Information was collected using a structured ­questionnaire, including, but not limited to, the presence of pregnancies, childbirth, menstrual irregularities, and a clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, biochemical and hormonal blood analyzes were performed. Statistical data processing was carried out.

Results: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this analysis presents data from 401 women, the average age of the examibed was 36.14±6.19 years. There was no difference in the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin (PRL) in the age groups of 25–34 and 35–45 years. According to the survey, the incidence of thyroid diseases in the studied groups is comparable. Every fifth woman indicated menstrual irregularities. Among women 25–45 years old, women with low-normal PRL values (Me = 4.49 [3.52; 5.41] ng/ml) have more unfavorable metabolic indicators. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was detected in 28%,with a predominant increase in the frequency of abdominal obesity — 55%, hypercholesterolemic LDL — 63%. Women with high PRL (Me = 41.35 [34.78; 45.88] ng / ml) also have an unfavorable metabolic profile: MS was detected in 47%, abdominal obesity — 56%, hypertension — 39%.

Conclusions: In women 25–45 years old, low and high PRL values are more often associated with metabolic ill health. PRL values are from 7.8 to 28 ng / ml, i.e. conditionally defined as normal, highly normal and at the level of moderate hyperprolactinemia contribute to the maintenance of a favorable metabolic profile. When deciding on the treatment of women with non-tumor etiology hyperprolactinemia, it is important to assess the metabolic status, expanding their understanding of PRL as a hormone associated only with lactation and with the pituitary-gonad axis.
Efficacy of metformin for treatment and prevention of antipsychotic-induced overweight and obesity in women: an open-label, randomized, prospective placebo-controlled study
Authors: Yunilaynen O. A. , Oleichik I. V. , Sizov S. V. , Baranov P. A. , Starostina E. G.
Published: July 2021

Background:The prevalence of obesity and metabolic abnormalities is increased patients with mental disorders receiving psychopharmacotherapy, which significantly impairs their treatment adherence.

Aims:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of metformin in prevention and treatment obesity and overweight in patients with mental disorders receiving antipsychotics.

Materials and methods: This was an open-label, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of female patients with mental disorders (age, 18 to 50). The patients were randomized into two groups in a 2:1 ratio: the treatment group received metformin and the control group received placebo. Metformin was administered at a starting dose of 500 mg daily, with subsequent up-titration every 2 weeks when necessary, up to 2000 mg daily. The treatment duration was 6 months.

Results:Baseline BMI in the treatment group (N=62) was 27,3 [24,0; 30,4] kg/m2; it decreased to 26,0 [22,5; 30,5] kg/m2, p < 0.0001, Wilсoxon test) after 6 months of treatment. The patients receiving metformin decreased their body weight by 3 [-6; 0] kg, or  -4,0 [-8; 0] %. In the placebo group (N=30), the baseline BMI was 27,5 [24,0; 32,0] kg/m2and increased to 28,2 [25,8; 34,0] kg/m2at 6 month (p=0.001, Wilсoxon test), or 3 [1; 6] kg. After 6 months of treatment, the difference in BMI between the metformin and placebo groups was significant (26,0 и 28,2 kg/m2, respectively, р=0,027, Mann-Withney test). Six (6) of 62 patients treated with metformin had side effects and were switched to an equivalent dose of prolonged release metformin, with reduction of side effects in 5 of them.

Conclusions:The use of metformin in patients with mental disorders receiving antipsychotics allows for reduction or stabilization of body weight in 80% of cases, with ≥5% decrease of body weight in 44% of patients. It is recommended to start metformin at a dose of 500 mg daily with subsequent up-titration of up to 2000 mg if necessary.
Obesity and functional bowel disorders: are they linked?
Authors: Pogodina A. V. , Romanitsa A. I. , Rychkova L. V.
Published: July 2021

Obesity and functional bowel disease (FBD) are affecting a large number of people worldwide. They have psychosocial consequences and associated with considerable healthcare resource use. The purpose of this review was a comprehensive study of the relationship between obesity and FBD, as well as mechanisms to explain this relationship. An analysis of the literature provides strong evidence of a link between obesity and diarrhea, but there is currently insufficient data to speak confidently about the link between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Most studies suggest that adult obesity is not associated or negatively associated with constipation. The association of obesity with diarrhea is most convincingly explained through diet, eating behavior, changes in the metabolism of bile acids, accelerated colonic transit, altered intestinal microbiota and associated inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. Medicines taken by patients, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, can play their own role.

Planning and conducting studies, including longitudinal ones, based on valid diagnostic criteria and taking into account the widest possible range of confounders, will allow a deeper study of the problem of comorbidity of obesity and FBD. This will help optimize the treatment of these diseases.
Resistance to drug treatment of acromegaly and ways to overcome it
Authors: Golounina O. O. , Dzeranova L. K. , Pigarova E. A. , Belaya Zh. E.
Published: July 2021

Acromegaly is a severe disabling neuroendocrine disease caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The problem of resistance to drug therapy in patients with acromegaly is quite common in clinical practice and requires a personalized approach, considering various predictors of sensitivity to the choice of the treatment method. To date, first-generation somatostatin analogues are first-line drugs in the medical treatment of acromegaly, but up to 50% of patients do not achieve biochemical remission of the disease. The prognosis of sensitivity to somatostatin analogues is of great importance and the selection of patients in whom this therapy will be not successful provides invaluable assistance in choosing the optimal treatment approach. This review summarizes potential predictors of sensitivity and resistance to existing drug treatment of acromegaly, discusses possible ways to overcome the resulting resistance to therapy, suggests options for a personalized approach to choosing a treatment strategy in the absence of disease control against the background of monotherapy with somatostatin analogues, including «off-label» combinations. Timely addition of growth hormone receptor antagonist (pegvisomant) avoids repeated neurosurgical intervention, radiation therapy or prescribing excessively high doses of somatostatin analogues. Optimal use of mono- or combination therapy contributes to the achievement of biochemical remission in most resistant patients.
Daily calcium profile in diagnosis of hypo- and hypercalcemia in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. clinical case series
Authors: Kovaleva E. V. , Eremkina A. K. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: July 2021

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, due to absent or inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The chronic postoperative hypoparathyroidism accounts approximately 75% of patients; the genetic, autoimmune or idiopathic forms are significantly less common. Today, chronic hypoparathyroidism remains the last major endocrine deficiency, for which hormonal replacement therapy has not found widespread use. Achieving the target levels of phosphorus-calcium metabolism is an important factor of the disease control, required for the prevention of short- and long-term complications. The standard therapy with active metabolites/analogues of vitamin D (­alfacalcidol, calcitriol) and calcium supplements does not always allow to achieve the target treatment goals. Despite high doses of calcium and active vitamin D, some patients suffer from unstable calcium levels and associated symptoms.

The measurement of serum calcium and phosphorus in the early morning hours remains the main laboratory tests for such patients, but in sometimes this diagnostic approach does not really reflect the true picture.

The presented clinical cases describe the changes of both hyper- and hypocalcemia within one day in patients with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism managed by standard therapy.
Familial case of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as the CHARGE syndrome manifestation
Authors: Khabibullina D. A. , Kalinchenko N. Yu. , Egorova S. V. , Vasilyev E. V. , Petrov V. M. , Tiulpakov A. N.
Published: July 2021

CHARGE syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by CHD7 gene mutations. Individuals with CHARGE display a wide spectrum of clinical features. It might be presented only as a delay puberty, which does not require any hormone replacement therapy to severe CHARGE phenotype, requiring a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Wild spectrum of clinical presentation can be seen even among the patients with identical mutation. Diagnosis might be suspected by a combination of major and minor clinical criteria of this disorder, but molecular genetic analysis is mandatory for final verification. Accurate diagnosis is essential to informing patients about all possible clinical features, reproductive status and choosing the correct treatment approach. The most common endocrine abnormality in patients with CHARGE syndrome is the disturbance in gonadotropins function ranged from delay puberty to persistent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with different olfactory phenotypes, resulted by specific role of CHD7 in GnRH neuronal embryogenesis.

We describe a familial case of CHARGE syndrome with significant intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity due to CHD7 gene mutation.
Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles with the Potential to Control Fungal Contamination in the Male Inflorescences of Palmyra Palm
Authors: Thananimit Suchera , Sorsiw Pichayabha , Wanna Warapond , Phongpaichit Souwalak
Published: July 2021

Fungal contamination of the male inflorescences of palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) is a serious problem during their storage prior being used as the raw material for making the local One-Tambon-One-Product, a cloth holder known as “Nguang Taan Hom” made by the Phutaan Entrepreneurship, Takua Thung District PhangNga Province, Thailand. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify the isolated fungi from male palmyra palm inflorescences. Three major strains: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sclerotiorum were studied for antifungal activities and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was found to range from 13.5–27 mg mL–1. Then, the efficiency of the AgNPs and silver nanoparticles stabilizing by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNPs-PVP) on the male palmyra palm inflorescences was studied by constructing a chamber model over a period for 9 weeks. The results showed that the group inoculated with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sclerotiorum spores developed fungal growth after 4 weeks whereas no fungal growth was observed in the group treated with AgNPs and AgNPs-PVP at 27 μg/ mL until week 7, indicating that dipping with either AgNPs or AgNPs-PVP is able to inhibit the growth of the fungi which cause damage to raw materials and also threaten human health. Therefore, it can effectively extend the storage time of male palmyra inflorescences.
Co-constructing ancestry through direct-to-consumer genetic testing
Authors: Lang Alexander , Winkler Florian
Published: July 2021

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic ancestry tests offered via the internet supposedly uncover the ancestry of those tested. While these tests might be seen as a means to find a biologically inscribed and fixed genealogy, this paper explores how companies and customers co-construct ancestry through genetic ancestry testing. The study draws on a review of relevant literature, qualitative interviews with experts and stakeholders, a website analysis, and an autoethnographic self-observation. It shows how DTC genetic testing companies create specific concepts of ancestry in their marketing, development of specific databases, and presentation of results, but also how users interpret and incorporate their results into their own genealogies and lives. Looking at the potential social impact of DTC ancestry testing, the paper questions its categorization as recreational activity or entertainment.
Does the concept of genetic ancestry reinforce racism?
Authors: Burmeister Stefan
Published: July 2021

Genetic ancestry is seen as an alternative to the problematic concept of race and is positioned against abusive racist and nationalist perspectives. The concept of genetic ancestry is nevertheless not free of racial categorizations. Increasingly, it is becoming an integral part of identity politics. Genetic ancestry is promoted as a way to give identity and visibility to marginalized groups but is also rejected as a form of biocolonialism. In xenophobic and racist discourses of right-wing groups, the concept has found fertile ground. The field of genetics is partly to blame for this since it opens the door to problematic identity discourses through a careless use of archaeological, ethnic, and genetic categories.
Factores de riesgo y protección del suicidio en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Calderón-Cholbi Aurca , Mateu-Mollá Joaquín , Lacomba-Trejo Laura
Published: July 2021

La esperanza de vida se ha incrementado notablemente, no obstante, el suicidio es la principal causa de deceso no natural en la población mayor de 70 años. El objetivo de la presente investigación es revisar sistemáticamente los factores de riesgo y protección en la conducta suicida en personas mayores. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática desde el enfoque PRISMA utilizando las bases de datos: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Google Académico y Dialnet. Se emplearon distintos descriptores en términos DeCS y MeSH con el operador booleano “AND” y, finalmente, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, obtuvimos 27 artículos. Los estudios revisados muestran que entre los factores de riesgo más comunes aparece: ser hombre, padecer un problema de salud mental y percibir gran soledad. Entre los factores de protección están: las creencias junto con las prácticas religiosas, la presencia de razones para vivir, tener hijos y confiar en las propias habilidades de afrontamiento. Con el análisis de los factores de riesgo y protección, se pueden plantear planes de acción sociales y sanitarios que atiendan a los adultos mayores, con el objetivo de prevenir las muertes debidas al suicidio.
Benchmark Study of FINETM/Marine CFD Code for the Calculation of Ship Resistance
Authors: Firdhaus Ahmad , Suastika I Ketut , Kiryanto Kiryanto , Samuel Samuel
Published: July 2021

Benchmarking can be used to test CFD programs for selecting turbulence models, grid dependency studies, testing different numerical schemes and source codes, and testing different boundary conditions. CFD simulation in this study uses FINE™/Marine 7.2-1 software. The solver process at NUMECA uses the ISIS-CFD flow solver developed by EMN, which uses the incompressible unsteady Reynolds-average Navier stoke equation (RANSE). The solver is based on the finite volume method, and Turbulence models use SST k-ω models. The free surface flow around a model surface ship (DTMB 5415) advancing in calm water under steady conditions is numerically simulated. The geometry of the DTMB 5415 ship hull was provided in igs file format. The 1996 International Towing Tank Conference has recommended the DTMB 5415 combatant as a benchmark case for CFD computations of ship resistance and propulsion. The results compare well with the available experimental data. They allow an understanding of the differences that can be expected from vicious and potential flow methods due to their different mathematical formulations. It is demonstrated that the complementary application of these methods allows good predictions of the total ship resistance.
A machine learning-driven stochastic simulation of underground sulfide distribution with multiple constraints
Authors: Ji Qiuyan , Han Feilong , Qian Wei , Guo Qing , Wan Shulin
Published: July 2021

The increase of sulfide (S2−) during the water flooding process has been regarded as an essential and potential risk for oilfield development and safety. Kriging and stochastic simulations are common methods for assessing the element distribution. However, these traditional simulation methods are not able to predict the continuous changes of underground S2− distribution in the time domain by limited known information directly. This study is a kind of attempt to combine stochastic simulation and the modified probabilistic neural network (modified PNN) for simulating short-term changes of S2− concentration. The proposed modified PNN constructs the connection between multiple indirect datasets and S2− concentration at sampling points. These connections, which are treated as indirect data in the stochastic simulation processes, is able to provide extra supports for changing the probability density function (PDF) and enhancing the stability of the simulation. In addition, the simulation process can be controlled by multiple constraints due to which the simulating target has been changed into the increment distribution of S2−. The actual data test provides S2− distributions in an oil field with good continuity and accuracy, which demonstrate the outstanding capability of this novel method.
Machine Learning-Based Pipette Positional Correction for Automatic Patch ClampIn Vitro
Authors: Gonzalez Mercedes M. , Lewallen Colby F. , Yip Mighten C. , Forest Craig R.
Published: July 2021

Patch clamp electrophysiology is a common technique used in neuroscience to understand individual neuron behavior, allowing one to record current and voltage changes with superior spatiotemporal resolution compared with most electrophysiology methods. While patch clamp experiments produce high fidelity electrophysiology data, the technique is onerous and labor intensive. Despite the emergence of patch clamp systems that automate key stages in the typical patch clamp procedure, full automation remains elusive. Patch clamp pipettes can miss the target cell during automated experiments because of positioning errors in the robotic manipulators, which can easily exceed the diameter of a neuron. Further, when patching in acute brain slices, the inherent light scattering from non-uniform brain tissue can complicate pipette tip identification. We present a convolutional neural network (CNN), based on ResNet101, to identify and correct pipette positioning errors before each patch clamp attempt, thereby preventing the deleterious effects of and accumulation of positioning errors. This deep-learning-based pipette detection method enabled superior localization of the pipette within 0.62 ± 0.58 μm, resulting in improved cell detection success rate and whole-cell patch clamp success rates by 71% and 59%, respectively, compared with the state-of-the-art cross-correlation method. Furthermore, this technique reduced the average time for pipette correction by 81%. This technique enables real-time correction of pipette position during patch clamp experiments with similar accuracy and quality of recording to manual patch clamp, making notable progress toward full human-out-of-the-loop automation for patch clamp electrophysiology.
Networked Refugees: Palestinian Reciprocity and Remittances in the Digital Age
Authors: Hajj Nadya
Published: July 2021

Almost 68.5 million refugees in the world today live in a protection gap, the chasm between protections stipulated in the Geneva Convention and the abrogation of those responsibilities by aid agencies. With dwindling humanitarian aid, how do refugee communities solve collective dilemmas? In Networked Refugees, Nadya Hajj finds that Palestinian refugees utilize information communication technology platforms to motivate reciprocity—a cooperative action marked by the mutual exchange of favors and services—and informally seek aid and connection with their transnational diaspora community. Based on surveys conducted with Palestinians throughout the diaspora, interviews with those inside the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp in Lebanon, and data pulled from online community spaces, these findings pushback against the cynical idea that online organizing is fruitless, emphasizing instead the productivity of these digital networks.
Does Health Insurance Affect the Completeness of Antenatal Care?
Authors: Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Laksono Agung Dwi
Published: July 2021

The antenatal treatment has been ineffective in reducing maternal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine  health insurance effect on Indonesia's antenatal care quality. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data were processed. Moreover, a sample size of 15,351 participants was selected using the analysis unit of study for women aged 15 to 49. In the final stage, Binary Logistic Regression was used, while other variables examined besides antenatal treatment included health insurance, residence, age, marital, education, parity, and wealth. Based on the complete category of antenatal care visits, women that did antenatal care visits were ≥ four, occupied by both types of health insurance ownership. The multivariable analysis indicated that health insurance ownership affects antenatal care completeness as insured women were 1.394 times higher than uninsured women (OR= 1.394; 95% CI= 1.257-1.546). Result showed other determinant variables, namely age, education, parity, and wealth were also found. In conclusion, health insurance gives Indonesian women a better possibility of receiving complete antenatal care.
Challenges and Support to HIV Care and Treatment of Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Andriyani Lia , Arina Arina , Widihastuti Asti , Nugroho Adi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the experience of female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV in Indonesia during the care and treatment cascade, including the challenges and support associated with them. It was initiated by a trained community study team from OPSI, a national network for FSW community in the country. A mixed-method design was used, consisting of a cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews conducted in four large cities in May and June 2019. Quantitative data were collected from 80 FSWs living with HIV, while qualitative interviews were conducted for 9 FSWs previously involved in the survey. Most of the FSWs were diagnosed with HIV at facility-based HIV testing services. While most FSWs delayed initiating their treatment, majority eventually commenced it. Overall treatment retention was fairly good, but some were being inconsistent or even stopped. However, individuals that have access to viral load test was low, leading to a small number of those confirming their viral suppression status. Conclusively, interventions directed to strengthen individuals’ literacy in HIV treatment and stigma management is recommended, as well as identification of maximum potential support systems around the FSWs.
Knowledge of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Akorede Seun Nurudeen , Ajayi Ayodotun Edward , Tawose Peter Oluwatimilehin
Published: July 2021

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a significant public health emergency. Despite the downward trend in TB incidence and prevalence, every continent still reports new cases, especially Africa and south-east Asia (WHO, 2012). This study aimed to investigate the signs, symptoms, transmission mode, and knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) among tuberculosis patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, while sample population comprised of all the aforementioned tuberculosis patients.  About 151 persons were selected using Multistage sampling procedure. A closed-ended questionnaire collection was used for data collection and the instrument was validated by experts with ascertained reliability. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis of Cronbach's alpha, and a correlation coefficient of 0.76 was obtained.  Conclusively, the patients have knowledge of TB signs and symptoms as well as transmission mode. Therefore, this knowledge is recommended to be sustained among the patients.

Multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and fifty-one (151) a researcherâ€™s designed closed-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts with reliability ascertained. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis of Cronbach alpha and a correlation coefficient of 0.76 was obtained. The findings reveals that: Tuberculosis patients have knowledge of signs and symptoms of TB, Tuberculosis patients have knowledge of mode of transmission of TB

Therefore, the study concluded that tuberculosis patients have knowledge of mode of transmission, signs and symptoms of TB. Therefore, it is recommended that the knowledge of mode of transmission and symptoms of TB should be sustained among the patients.
The Effect of Nutritional Education with Leaflet and Diet Application on Nutritional Status Changes in Obese College Students
Authors: Puspa Diah , Handayani Dian , Kusumastuty Inggita
Published: July 2021

Obesity is excessive body fat condition due to differences in energy consumption and expenditure. In Indonesia, the prevalence of obese women >18 years old is 32.9%. Interventions are performed with control eating and increased physical activity through an educational approach. A Leaflet is a print media containing some information, while my weight loss diet application is used by people that want to lose weight. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education with leaflet and my weight loss diet application on nutritional status changes in obesity. True experimental design was used with pre-post test on female students divided into two groups in Universitas Brawijaya (n= 44) and selected by purposive sampling. Also, Independent-Samples T-Test and Mann Whitney analysis were conducted. The results showed a body mass index decrease in both media and no significant change related to BMI (p = 0.733). However, the decrease was more shown on the leaflet, where the body fat percentage had a significant change (p = 0.000). Hence, intervention using the leaflet is more effective on nutritional status changes related with BMI and body fat percentage in obese students.
Reduction of borax / agar-based gel residues used to neutralize acidity of a historical manuscript with use of different paper barriers: Artificial ageing results
Authors: Salim Eman , Abdel-Hamied Mostafa , Salim Sehame , Gamal Sheeren , Mohamed Shimaa , Galal Fatma El-Zahraa , Tarek Fatma , Hassan Rushdya Rabee Ali , Ali Hayssam M. , Salem Mohamed Z. M.
Published: July 2021

Borax-agar gel has been used recently in the deacidification and other conservation processes for paper manuscripts. However, the residues of borax-agar can be damaging to the cellulose fibers. Conservators are trying to solve this problem, especially with the great success achieved by the borax / agar based gel in the acidity neutralization and improve the mechanical properties of the paper manuscripts. The current study considers whether the use of paper barriers such as Japanese gampi, linen, and rayon can reduce harmful borax-agar residues. Historical paper specimens were treated with 3% and 6% of agar poultice with different barriers such as rayon, pure linen, and Japanese gampi paper. After drying, the treated paper samples were exposed to hot-moist ageing at 80 °C and 65% relative humidity for 72 h. The role of different barriers used in the reduction of residues from agar poultice and the effect of these residues on cellulose fibers were studied via some analytical techniques, such as digital optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pH, color change, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used. The results showed that 3% of the agar poultice-borax with a linen barrier gave the best results with no residue left after treatment.
Notes on three Proto-Slavic borrowings
Authors: Derksen Rick
Published: July 2021

The Proto-Slavic etyma *dъska, *misa, and *bļudo (*bļudъ), which are semantically related, are generally regarded as borrowings, but there is no consensus on the exact origins of these nouns. Following surveys of the Old Church Slavic and Gothic evidence as well as of the distribution of the etyma in Slavic, the article discusses the merits and drawbacks of the various existing views. It is argued that *dъska, *misa are best regarded as borrowings from Vulgar Latin or Early Romance, while *bļudo (*bļudъ) must have been borrowed from Germanic, but not from Gothic or West Germanic.
Adolescent Use of and Susceptibility to Heated Tobacco Products
Authors: Li Shuwen , Braden Katherine , Zhuang Yue-Lin , Zhu Shu-Hong
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

A leading brand of heated tobacco products (HTPs), IQOS, was authorized to be sold in the United States in 2019. Researchers have examined the awareness and use of HTPs among US adults. In this study, we examined high school students’ awareness, use, and susceptibility pertaining to HTPs.

METHODS

A large, cross-sectional population survey of randomly sampled 10th- and 12th-graders in California (N = 150 516) was conducted online during school hours from September 2019 to March 2020.

RESULTS

Overall, 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7%–9.1%) of California high school students had heard of HTPs. Approximately 0.67% (95% CI, 0.61%–0.73%) had ever tried HTPs, and 0.20% (95% CI, 0.17%–0.23%) were current users (ie, ∼30% of ever users continued to use HTPs at the time of survey). Among those who never tried HTPs, 18.3% (95% CI, 17.9%–18.8%) were susceptible to future use. The susceptibility to HTP use was greater among users of cigarettes or e-cigarettes than among nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS

The awareness of HTPs among adolescents was remarkable given the low availability of products at the time of survey. Only a small percentage of adolescents experimented with HTPs. However, almost a third of those who had experimented with HTPs continued to use them. This high ratio and the fact that almost 1 out of 5 never users were susceptible to future HTP use should put the public health community on high alert as more HTP products are coming into the market, with promotion of these products likely to increase.
Fusion Pacing with Biventricular, Left Ventricular-only and Multipoint Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: Latest Evidence and Strategies for Use
Authors: Waddingham Peter H , Lambiase Pier , Muthumala Amal , Rowland Edward , Chow Anthony WC
Published: July 2021

Despite advances in the field of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), response rates and durability of therapy remain relatively static. Optimising device timing intervals may be the most common modifiable factor influencing CRT efficacy after implantation. This review addresses the concept of fusion pacing as a method for improving patient outcomes with CRT. Fusion pacing describes the delivery of CRT pacing with a programming strategy to preserve intrinsic atrioventricular (AV) conduction and ventricular activation via the right bundle branch. Several methods have been assessed to achieve fusion pacing. QRS complex duration (QRSd) shortening with CRT is associated with improved clinical response. Dynamic algorithm-based optimisation targeting narrowest QRSd in patients with intact AV conduction has shown promise in people with heart failure with left bundle branch block. Individualised dynamic programming achieving fusion may achieve the greatest magnitude of electrical synchrony, measured by QRSd narrowing.
Área metropolitana Bogotá-Cundinamarca: potencialidades, obstáculos y retos
Authors: Galvis Gómez Carlos Francisco
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo hace parte de una investigación preliminar sobre la creación del área metropolitana de Bogotá-Cundinamarca, debate que existe en Colombia desde hace más de treinta años y que sigue vigente. El artículo pretende, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, plantear las potencialidades, los obstáculos y retos que tendría la creación y consolidación de un área metropolitana que agruparía alrededor de once millones de personas y la convertiría en una estructura administrativa de integración con un gran impacto nacional e internacional en términos económicos, sociales, políticos, culturales y ambientales. Ahora bien, más allá, este debate demuestra un rezago en la discusión sobre planificación, ordenamiento e instrumentos de integración territorial, no en términos de tiempo (como se mencionó, el debate sobre el área metropolitana de Bogotá es fácilmente rastreable en los últimos treinta años) sino en términos académicos y políticos rigurosos. Estos no solo crean las figuras administrativas necesarias según la realidad de la construcción del territorio, sino que aseguran las herramientas para lograr impactos de gobernabilidad y de gestión pública asertiva frente a las demandas sociales, que propendan por el Estado Social de Derecho en un marco de descentralización política-institucional.