bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia
Authors: Moskal Paweł , Stępień Ewa Ł.
Published: December 2021

In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of high sensitivity total-body PET systems and the invention of the method of positronium imaging, open realistic perspectives for the application of positronium as a biomarker for in-vivo assessment of the degree of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a state or condition, in which the availability of oxygen is not sufficient to support physiological processes in tissue and organs. Positronium is a metastable atom formed from electron and positron which is copiously produced in the intramolecular spaces in the living organisms undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). Properties of positronium, such as e.g., lifetime, depend on the size of intramolecular spaces and the concentration in them of oxygen molecules. Therefore, information on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the tissue may be derived from the positronium lifetime measurement. The partial pressure of oxygen differs between healthy and cancer tissues in the range from 10 to 50 mmHg. Such differences of pO2 result in the change of ortho-positronium lifetime e.g., in water by about 2–7 ps. Thus, the application of positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia requires the determination of the mean positronium lifetime with the resolution in the order of 2 ps. We argue that such resolution is in principle achievable for organ-wise positronium imaging with the total-body PET systems.
Emergence of synaptic organization and computation in dendrites
Authors: Kirchner Jan H. , Gjorgjieva Julijana
Published: December 2021

Single neurons in the brain exhibit astounding computational capabilities, which gradually emerge throughout development and enable them to become integrated into complex neural circuits. These capabilities derive in part from the precise arrangement of synaptic inputs on the neurons’ dendrites. While the full computational benefits of this arrangement are still unknown, a picture emerges in which synapses organize according to their functional properties across multiple spatial scales. In particular, on the local scale (tens of microns), excitatory synaptic inputs tend to form clusters according to their functional similarity, whereas on the scale of individual dendrites or the entire tree, synaptic inputs exhibit dendritic maps where excitatory synapse function varies smoothly with location on the tree. The development of this organization is supported by inhibitory synapses, which are carefully interleaved with excitatory synapses and can flexibly modulate activity and plasticity of excitatory synapses. Here, we summarize recent experimental and theoretical research on the developmental emergence of this synaptic organization and its impact on neural computations.
Negotiating the Duplexity of Ethnographic Relations: Taking a Symmetrical Approach to Interlocutors “in” and “beyond” Science
Authors: Czerny Sarah
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I raise the question of how we can, as anthropologists, take a balanced or symmetrical approach in our research in situations where our interlocutors have different relations with scientific knowledge. I describe how in my research on raw milk consumption in Croatia, some of my interlocutors were people working in the scientific production of knowledge, and others were consuming raw milk where they did not account for this knowledge. I explain how it was a challenge to consider both types of approach in an equal way because of my own relation to the scientific production of knowledge. I argue this is because of the duplex relation we have with our interlocutors who work in science: a collegial relation and an ethnographic one. As I show, this is a point that has been made in some of the literature on vaccination (e.g. Drążkiewicz Grodzicka, 2021), as well as one that has been discussed elsewhere (e.g. Nadasdy, 2007). I then consider these issues through Hufford’s (2020, 2008) idea of methodological symmetry, where I argue that it is in the “field” where relations are set up asymmetrically. Therefore, I argue that we need to think very carefully about how these relations unfold in practice during our fieldwork, and not just later on when we are analysing them.
Estimating Road Vehicle Instantaneous Fuel Consumption by Aerial Traffic Observation with a Multi-Rotor Drone
Authors: Abas Mohd Azman
Published: December 2021

This study presents a preliminary approach to estimate instantaneous fuel consumption base on image processing from aerial observation using a multi-rotor drone. A drone was deployed over an actual road traffic to capture images of vehicle activities and feed into a program that was developed in this study. The program identifies and tracks the vehicle activities using pixel-based adaptive approach. The vehicle activities were then processed into variables as an input for the generic vehicle model. Coupled with model constants, the generic vehicle model then estimates the instantaneous fuel consumption and CO2 emission and tags the estimated results on the tracked vehicle on the program user-interface. In comparison with the actual experimental measurements, the estimated instantaneous fuel consumption shows a trend with correlation coefficient of 0.741 with higher total fuel usage by 10.6%. The estimation results were useful to map the distribution of fuel consumption over the routes of the observed area in relation to the natural traffic.
Investigating psychological characteristics of self-regulation in schoolchildren with cognitive disorders
Authors:   V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Chereneva Elena Aleksandrovna , Li Xiaoli ,   Beijing Normal University, Stoyanova Irina Yakovlevna ,   Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The authors investigate psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments. The purpose of the article is to identify key determinants of the manifestation of self-regulation as the leading mechanism of adaptation. The results obtained can contribute to developing psychological support programs within school conditions and facilitate adaptive strategies of behavior and components of self-regulation. Materials and Methods. The methodological foundations of the research included leading positions of psychology about the formation of the behavior of children with cognitive disabilities. The research was carried out in the logic of the ascertaining psychological and educational experiment; the material obtained from the collection of empirical data was analyzed and generalized. The sample consisted of 456 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years, who were divided into three groups: NID (normal intellectual development), MR (mental retardation) and MID (mild intellectual disability). The data obtained were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using various methods of mathematical and statistical processing: the reliability of differences according to statistical criteria, the F * angular transformation, the criterion for comparing the distribution of Pearson χ2 levels, correlation analysis, and the method of correlation pleiades. Results. The research findings include identifying the main psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The research data enabled to develop self-regulation skills in schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The results obtained are considered as a socio-psychological resource for improving cognitive health in primary schoolchildren. Conclusions. The study concludes that after identifying the psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with impaired cognitive health, it is possible to develop programs of psychological assistance for educational settings. The research data can be used within educational settings teaching children with cognitive disabilities to increase the effectiveness of classroom and extracurricular activities and their successful integration into society.
Digital school: Searching for Explanatory Models. Part 2
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Smirnov Sergei Alevtinovich
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to consider the consequences of the virtual shift or virtual inversion, which has led to blurring the structure of the act of development proposed within the framework of cultural-historical psychology. In this regard, the problem is the need to develop an alternative to this phenomenon of inversion, and returning a person (both a school student and an adult mediator) their basic roles as subjects of development. Materials and Methods. The conceptual ideas of cultural-historical psychology including the idea of mediation, objective action, the semantic field, the role of an adult as a mediator in an act of development, were used as a methodological background of the research. Results. The article is the second part of the author’s previous publication. The paper considers the concept derived from L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology, which is proposed to be adopted as a basic one in order to build an explanatory model used by the author to describe and comprehend the phenomenon of transformation of the human development process in the new reality of the digital environment. The article introduces the basic principles and provisions, the explanatory model is built on, concerning the role of symbolic-instrumental mediation in human development, the role of an adult as a mediator, the structure of the act of thinking and the act of development, the basic mechanism of mastering a person's behavior, which permeates the formation of higher mental functions. The author compares this explanatory model and the behavioral model used in most modern research investigations that examine the impact of digital technologies on schoolchildren and students. The language of the model of cultural-historical psychology is used to clarify the reality of the current virtual shift (virtual inversion), according to which the main provisions that play the role of supports in the cultural-historical model are subjected to radical revision and transformation, due to which the process of human cultural development is called into question. In this regard, the author proposes to use the resource and project potential of cultural-historical psychology in order to develop new models on its basis, build a new research and project agenda that returns the main ideas of cultural-historical psychology within the framework of a new mixed hybrid reality, where digital technologies are becoming the tools of personal development. Conclusions. In conclusion, the work offers a cultural task for the further development of cultural-historical psychology. It is proposed to restore the adult-student relationship, restore the idea and the role of the semantic field for teaching a subject action, restore children's communities within the new social-digital hybrid reality, where digital technologies do not act as means enslaving students, but as smart mediators-assistants.
Özdeş İki Spektrofotometrenin Cihazlar Arası Güvenilirlik Ve Tekrarlanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ SAVAŞ Tuba , SAVAŞ Abdulhaluk , TUNCDEMİR Ali Riza
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı, farklı yazılımlara sahip özdeş iki spektrofotometrenin tekrarlanabilirliğini ve cihazlar arası güvenilirliğini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bir renk skalasına (Vita 3D-Master, Vita Zahnfabrik) ait 26 adet renk tabı, farklı yazılımlara sahip (v509i: A cihazı, v505p: B cihazı) iki özdeş spektrofotometre (Vita EasyShade V) ile ölçüldü ve CIELAB değerleri kaydedildi (n=260). Spektrofotometrelerin ölçümleri arasındaki renk farkları (∆E00) hesaplandı. Tekrarlanabilirlik değerlendirilmesi için aynı skalanın 3M2 renk tabı, iki spektrofotometre ile ölçüldü (n=50). Cihazların skala ile renk eşleştirme doğruluk oranı hesaplandı. Cihazlar arası güvenilirlik ve cihazlar arasındaki ölçüm farkları, sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC), Cronbach’s alfa ve Paired T-testi kullanılarak hesaplandı (α=0.05).
Bulgular: Cihazlar arası güvenilirlik L*, a* ve b* parametreleri için yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur (ICC>0.99). Renk skalasının ∆E00 değerleri 0.21 ile 1.78 arasında değişmektedir ve skaladaki bütün renklerin ∆E00 değerleri kabul edilebilirlik eşik değerinin altındadır (∆E00<1.8). A cihazının ortalama L* değeri B cihazından önemli derecede yüksek (P<0.001), ortalama a* ve b* değerleri ise önemli derecede düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.001). Tekrarlanabilirlik her iki cihazda a* ve b* parametresi için mükemmel (SD<0.1), L* parametresi için ise biraz daha düşüktür (0.15
Candida albicans‘ın diştaşı oluşumundaki rolünün in vitro olarak incelenmesi
Authors: KARAASLAN Fatih , DEMİR Turgut , BARIŞ Özlem
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; periodontal hastalığın
patogenezindeki rolü tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte bir çok araştırmada
periodontal olarak hastalıklı bireylerde varlığı tesbit edilen Candida
albicans (C. albicans)’ın diştaşı
oluşumunda rol alıp almadığının in vitro
ortamda araştırılmasıdırGereç ve Yöntemler:C. albicans
suşlarının canlandırılması ve inkübasyonu için Sabouraud-2 % Dextrose Agar (SDA) besiyeri kullanıldı. Kalsifikasyon
çalışmaları için katı (B-2, B-4, modifiye), sıvı besiyeri ve Mineral Salt Basal Uygulama Tamponu  (MSB) hazırlandı. Kalsifikasyon
yapıp yapmadığı ışık mikroskobu ve spektrofotometre ile incelendi.Bulgular:C. albicans B-2, B-4 ve sıvı  besiyerlerinde kalsifikasyon oluşturuken, MSB
de herhangi bir kalsifikasyon oluşumu izlenmedi.Sonuçlar: C. albicans’ın  in vitro
diştaşı oluşumuna katıldığı belirlendi.
İlgili mikroorganizmanın diştaşı oluşumunda rol alarak periodontal hastalığın
ortaya çıkmasına katkı sağladığı söylenebilirAnahtar Kelimeler: Diştaşı,
kalsifikasyon, kandida albikans, periodontal hastalıklar
Tükürük kontaminasyon/dekontaminasyonunun üniversal adezivlerin dentine bağlanma dayanımına etkisi
Authors: ATALAY Cansu , USLU Aybüke , MERAL Ece , YAZICI Ayşe , ERTAN A. Atila
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, tükürük kontaminasyonu/dekontaminasyon yöntemlerinin polimerize olmuş bir üniversal adezivin dentine bağlanma dayanımı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma için 70 adet çekilmiş insan azı dişi kullanıldı. Dişler meziodistal olarak boylamasına kesildikten sonra standart bir dentin yüzeyi elde etmek için aşındırıldı. Dişlere üniversal adeziv (Adhese, Ivoclar/Vivadent) uygulanıp polimerize edildikten sonra tükürük kontaminasyon yöntemlerine (n=14) göre rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı: Grup I-Kontaminasyon yok (kontrol); Grup II: Adeziv / Tükürük /Yıkama; Grup III: Adeziv /Tükürük /Kurutma /Adeziv; Grup IV: Adeziv /Tükürük /Yıkama /Kurutma; Grup V: Adeziv /Tükürük /Yıkama /Kurutma /Adeziv. Yüzeylere kompozit silindirler (Tetric N-Ceram) uygulandı. Örnekler distile suda 24 saat bekletildkten sonra kesme bağlanma dayanımları üniversal test cihazı kullanılarak ölçüldü. Veriler tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılarak analiz edildi (p <0.05).
Bulgular: Grup II ve III’ün bağlanma dayanımı, kontrol grubuna (Grup I) istatistiksel olarak benzer bulundu (p> 0.05). Grup IV ve V, test edilen diğer gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak daha düşük bağlanma dayanımı değerleri gösterdi (p <0.05). Grup II ile III ve Grup IV ve V arasında istatistiksel olarak fark gözlenmedi (p> 0.05).
Sonuç: Havayla kurutma ile dekontaminasyon, kontrol grubuna benzer bağlanma dayanımı değerleri ile sonuçlanmıştır. Suyla durulama/havayla kurutma ile dekontaminasyon düşük bağlanma dayanımı değerlerine sebep olmuştur. Dekontaminasyon yönteminden bağımsız olarak, adezivin tekrar uygulanması bağlanma dayanımını etkilememiştir.
Effect of Prosthodontic Rehabilitation on Perioral Units in Edentulous Patients
Authors: ÇELEBİ Hakkı , ALAN Raif , KARTAL Elif
Published: December 2021

Background: Complete edentulous patients experience loss in fundamental mastication functions, the progressive absorption of the alveolar bone, and variation in facial appearance. Complete dentures (CD) fundamentally target edentulous patients and not only increase functionality but also restore the appearance of the face. This study aims to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation with removable CD on perioral wrinkles in complete edentulous patients, in line with growing aesthetic demand.

Methods: Patients who had CD rehabilitation performed due to total edentulism were photographed before and after rehabilitation from the same angles to evaluate the perioral soft tissue changes. The photographs were scored using verified ranking scales and through evaluation by two observers. To evaluate the repeatability of the scales, measurements were repeated with the same method one month later.

Results: When the effect of prosthetic rehabilitation administered successfully on perioral aesthetics and lip volume was analyzed, a significant improvement was observed in all other parameters evaluated, except for in the labiomental crease. The improvement in the labiomental crease was not statistically significant. In addition, re-measurement reliability was high (≥0.80) for all four perioral units (nasolabial folds, corners of mouth, labiomental crease and upper radial lip). In addition, all correlations were statistically significant (p
Investigation of the Effect of Agarose Gel Concentration and Culture Period on Bio and Mechanical Properties of Chondrocyte Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jawad Akram
Published: December 2021

As a gel scaffold for chondrocyte tissue engineering, agarose concentration plays a significant role in the relationship between porosity and nutrition. In this work, the effect of concentration and period cultured on Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and mechanical properties have been studied. A bovine chondrocytes have been isolated and seeded in different agarose gel scoffed concentrations, about 4% and 6%, for different period cultured, 0 and 7 days. The MTS machine and Spectrophotometric with calibration curve method were used to measure mechanical properties, and GAG concentration of the prepared samples, respectively. The results of mechanical tests and GAG contents shown that there are a wide range of dispersion in the most of the samples, which attribute to different factors. For mechanical properties, these factors could be attributed to anisotropic of the produced chondrocyte with agarose scaffolds, insufficient cells' dispersion within the gel scaffold during seeding and cultured time, and some test procedure condition, such as EBSS hydration. While for GAG results, those factors could be the differences of the cell growth environment between in-vitro and in vivo media.
Optical properties of semiconductor “anisotropic” quantum dot
Authors: Lukiyanets B.A. , Matulka D.V.
Published: December 2021

The optical properties of an “anisotropic” semiconductor nanodot – a nanoscale object in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped - with sides a ≠  b ≠ c  are considered. Such dimensions are closely related to the values of the effective masses of the electron. The analysis of the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient a(w)  under different degrees of "anisotropy" and under different polarizations of the electromagnetic wave is carried out. The cases of the most intense optical transitions, i.e. between electronic states separated by the Fermi level, are analyzed. The obtained results indicate that 1) a(w) is of line structure, and 2) the positions of the peaks of a(w) in identical optical transitions in the isotropic nanodot and in the “anisotropic” ones coincide qualitatively.  However, different masses in the “anisotropic” nanodot lead to a shift to the left or right of the peaks relative to identical peaks in the isotropic nanodot with simultaneous splitting of its degenerate peaks. Such shifts and their magnitudes are determined both by the degree of anisotropy (i.e. by the ratio between the effective masses), and by the polarization of light. It is pointed out that modern achievements in the creation of ordered semiconductor materials with nanoobjects of different shapes and sizes in nanostructures allows us to consider polarized electromagnetic wave as an effective factor in achieving the desired physical characteristics.
Rapid formation methods of arrays of randomly distributed Au and Ag nanoparticles, their morphologies and optical characteristics
Authors: Rubish V.M. , Kyrylenko V.K. , Durkot M.O. , Makar L.I. , Pop M.M. , Tarnaj A.A. , Trunov M.L. , Mudry S.I. , Shtablavyi I.I.
Published: December 2021

By the method of rapid radiation heating (at a speed of 20-25 K/s) of Au and Ag films with a thickness of 4-35 nm to temperatures of 573-693 K in air and in the process of vacuum deposition of silver on heated (up to 700 K at a heating rate of 10 K/s ) glass substrates formed Au and Ag NPs arrays with nanoparticle sizes from several tens to hundreds of nanometers, the position λSPR of which is in the range of 520-597 nm for Au NPs and 424-509 nm for Ag NPs. It is established that the average size of nanoparticles depends on the thickness of gold and silver films and the annealing temperature. The results testify that glass substrates with arrays of randomly distributed gold NPs can be used as effective SERS-substrates for the investigation of Raman spectra of nanosized (50-100 nm) chalcogenide films.
Solar cells based on CdTe thin films
Authors: Mazur T.M. , Prokopiv V.V. , Mazur M.P. , Pysklynets U.M.
Published: December 2021

An analysis of the use of semiconductor solar cells based on thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) in power engineering is carried out. It is shown that the advantages of thin-film technology and CdTe itself as a direct-gap semiconductor open up the prospect of large-scale production of competitive CdTe solar modules. The physical and technical problems of increasing the efficiency of CdS/CdTe heterostructure solar cells, which are significantly inferior to the theoretically possible value in mass production, are discussed. The state of CdTe thin-film solar cells, which make CdTe a suitable material for ground-based photoelectric conversion of solar energy, the historical development of the CdTe compound, the application of CdTe thin films, the main methods and strategies of device production, device analysis and fundamental problems related to the future development of thin-film modules based on cadmium telluride.
Interkulturelles Konsumentenverhalten (Teil 1)
Authors: Müller Stefan , Gelbrich Katja
Published: December 2021

Bislang wurden die Konsequenzen der Globalisierung primär aus Anbietersicht diskutiert: Wie lassen sich Produktion, Marketing und Logistik standardisieren und so Kostenvorteile generieren? Parallel dazu wurde die Vision des Global Consumer entworfen. Die kulturvergleichende Forschung setzt dem das realistischere Leitbild des Local Consumer entgegen. Teil 1 dieses Beitrags stellt die theoretischen Grundlagen dieses Ansatzes sowie ausgewählte Befunde der deskriptiven Kulturvergleichsforschung vor. Teil 2 widmet sich im WiSt-Heft Nr. 2-3/2022 den Erkenntnissen des empirisch-explikativen Kulturvergleichs auf Basis der von Hofstede beschriebenen Kulturdimensionen.
Aktuelle Herausforderungen im Liquiditätsmanagement in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Clermont Marcel
Published: December 2021

Die Covid-19-Pandemie führt zu zahlreichen Problemen von Unternehmen insbesondere im Liquiditätsmanagement. Von den bisherigen Lockdown-Regelungen waren vor allem Unternehmen des Freizeit- und Kulturbereiches betroffen, die durch den z. T. vollständigen Wegfall von Einzahlungen massiven Herausforderungen ausgesetzt sind. Der Beitrag zeigt beispielhaft Problemfelder im Liquiditätsmanagements auf und gibt Hinweise zu Lösungsmöglichkeiten.
Symmetry and Likeability: Prior Research and Transfer to the Field of Advertising
Authors: Gierl Heribert
Published: December 2021

The question of whether people prefer symmetry to asymmetry has been explored for many decades. Many design guides recommend the use of symmetry, and many scientific publications report that people like symmetrical visual images more than asymmetrical ones. However, the proportion of symmetrical images that people observe in everyday life is very high (e.g., leaves of trees, house facades, hands, butterfly wings). Symmetry therefore does not exist as an exception. Only rare phenomena can cause special (very favorable) reactions in humans. After discussing the reasons why researchers nonetheless often discover and report a positive effect of symmetry on the likeability of visual stimuli, we focused on symmetry in print ads. To the best of our knowledge, symmetry in advertising has not yet been explored. From the perspective of advertising practice, we propose to distinguish at least two types of symmetry: 1. Symmetry/asymmetry of elements that attract attention and are meaningful (e.g., the pair of polar bears in Coca-Cola advertisements); 2. Symmetry/asymmetry of abstract decorative backgrounds (e.g., leaves, dots, circles as background motifs). We find higher ad likeability when attention-attracting, meaningful elements are symmetrical because these stimuli trigger perceptions of regularity as well as aesthetic appreciation, while symmetrical decorative backgrounds only evoke perceptions of regularity. Moreover, we recommend considering such symmetries more often when designing advertisements. We found not only an increase in ad likeability but also an improvement in brand attitudes when brand familiarity was low. For well-known brands, we have found that brand attitudes and purchase intention do not benefit from the usage of symmetry. We conclude that the effectiveness of symmetry is limited to influencing the evaluations of lesser-known brands.
Warum Deutschland staatliche Presseförderung braucht
Authors: Murschetz Paul
Published: December 2021

Wenn nun aber die Corona-Krise das Vertrauen vieler in Staat und Behörden erschüttert hat, sollte Deutschland dann nicht gerade deshalb aktiv werden und aktive Medienpolitik betreiben? Hätte 2021 nicht das Jahr werden können, in dem die öffentliche Hand in Deutschland erstmals substanzielle Summen in die direkte finanzielle Unterstützung des privatwirtschaftlich organisierten Journalismus investiert, um damit Journalisten Arbeitsplätze zu sichern, umsatzschwachen Presseverlagen finanziell unter die Arme zu greifen und damit langfristig Pressevielfalt in Deutschland zu erhalten und auch in ländlichen Regionen die Zustellung der gedruckten Blätter und Magazine zu sichern?
Optimierungspotentiale bei komplexen Fernsehproduktionen
Authors: Janusch Christiane
Published: December 2021

Die Herstellungsprozesse in der Fernsehproduktion sind von einer unüberschaubaren Anzahl unterschiedlicher Varianten geprägt. Verschiedene Produktionsformen, wie beispielsweise die Aktualität, Live-Events oder Fiktionales Programm, erfordern ein vielfältiges Zusammenspiel der Funktionsbereiche eines Fernsehproduktionsunternehmens. Für die Optimierung der Herstellungsprozesse müssen redaktionell steuernde, administrativ begleitende und technisch ausführende Prozesse in übergreifend vernetzten, integrierten Produktionssystemen eng miteinander verknüpft werden. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Komplexität bedarf es einer Gesamtsicht auf alle an der Produktion beteiligten Funktionsbereiche und deren Einbindung in den Herstellungsprozess. Es wird ein umfassendes Modellierungsverfahren vorgestellt, das in der Lage ist, sowohl die Gesamtbetrachtung zu fördern als auch Detailbetrachtungen vorzunehmen. Darüber hinaus wird die Anwendung der Methodik anhand eines Praxisbeispiels erläutert. Es ist ein Vorschlag, den wissenschaftlichen Ansatz des Systems Engineering im Hinblick auf Problemstellungen in der Fernsehproduktion zu operationalisieren und den kontinuierlichen Optimierungsprozess zu unterstützen.
Vier Säulen für den Journalismus
Authors: Wellbrock Christian-Mathias
Published: December 2021

Die sogenannte Bundespresseförderung („Förderung der digitalen Transformation des Verlagswesens“) ist gescheitert und die Verlegerverbände wünschen nun eine Rückkehr zur ursprünglich einmal geplanten reinen Zustellförderung. Das Kernargument dafür: damit sich die Verlage digital transformieren und damit ihrer demokratischen Relevanz weiterhin nachkommen können, muss noch eine Zeitlang das traditionelle Printgeschäft finanziell gestützt werden, das sich zudem steigenden Distributionskosten ausgesetzt sieht. Darüber hinaus gelten gedruckte Zeitungen immer noch als wichtiges Medium zur Information der Öffentlichkeit, insbesondere im ländlichen Raum. Hier leben einerseits verhältnismäßig viele ältere und damit tendenziell printaffine Menschen, andererseits ist die digitale Infrastruktur hier relativ schlecht ausgebaut.
Characterization in the icosahedral phase of the system Al63Cu25Fe12
Authors: Nascimento Luciano , Melnyk Anastasia
Published: December 2021

The present work aimed to characterize the microstructure of the icosahedral phase (ɸ-quasicrystalline phase) of the system with stoichiometric composition of the quasicrystal Al63Cu25Fe12. The ternary alloy with nominal composition of Al63Cu25Fe12 was processed by Mechanical Alloying (MA) as a viable solid state processing method for producing various metastable and stable quasicrystalline phases. The structural characterization of the obtained samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the elemental composition of the chemical elements Al, Fe and Cu were determined by the technique of X-ray spectroscopy by dispersive energy (EDS). According to the results of XRD, the diffraction patterns of Al63Cu25Fe12 showed the presence of β-Al (Fe, Cu) and λ-Al13Fe4 phases coexist with the thermodynamic ɸ-phase quasicrystalline. Finally, elemental analysis indicates that during alloy synthesis there is little variation of the ideal composition. The results indicate that alloys with high percentage of icosahedral phase can be obtained by casting in the air.
Ordenamiento de bandas y efectos relativistas en la estructura electrónica del HgTe y CdTe
Authors: Hinostroza Vargas Machuca Cristhian David , Rivera Riofano Pablo Héctor
Published: December 2021

Los materiales topológicos permiten el transporte de cargas polarizadas a través de estados de borde y superficie en sistemas 2D y 3D. Estos estados de borde y superficie están protegidos por la simetría de orden topológico basada en el acoplamiento espín-órbita y en la invarianza sobre el operador de reversión temporal. El propósito principal de este trabajo es analizar la evolución del estado de superficie en las aleaciones HgTe y CdTe observando la inversión de bandas y el efecto de los orbitales atómicos d en la inversión de las bandas y la intensidad del acoplamiento espín-órbita. Los resultados fueron obtenidos usando la teoría de funcionales de densidad con aproximación local de densidad de espín y la corrección de Hubbard  (SLDA+U) considerando efectos relativistas y polarización de espín.
Estimación de la magnitud sísmica a partir de registros y parámetros hipocentrales para la estación de Ñaña
Authors: Anchivilca Valentín Renzo Isaac , Jiménez Tintaya César Omar
Published: December 2021

La estimación de la magnitud de cualquier evento sísmico es fundamental en la Sismología porque permite tener una idea del tamaño del terremoto y de la energía sísmica liberada. El propósito de esta investigación es definir una ecuación empírica de magnitud sísmica obtenida mediante el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, proponiéndose una dependencia con lo registrado en una estación sísmica mediante un sensor de banda muy ancha (VBB) triaxial, datos de distancia epicentral y profundidad focal. Se utilizaron señales sísmicas que son brindados en forma libre por Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) a partir de lo registrado en la estación de Ñaña (NNA). Los valores de distancia epicentral fueron obtenidos a partir de la localización geográfica de la estación de registro y los epicentros de cada evento sísmico; mientras que lo datos de profundidad focal y magnitud fueron obtenidos de un catálogo del National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Se obtuvieron resultados de magnitud muy cercanos a los registrados por el NEIC, encontrándose una diferencia máxima de 0.3 entre ellos.
Estudio estructural y microestructural de la aleación Al_xFe_(1-x) (x=0.25, 0.5 y 0.75) obtenida por horno de arco
Authors: Rocha Cabrera Ronald David
Published: December 2021

Las aleaciones Fe-Al en las composiciones Al25Fe75, Al50Fe50 y Al75Fe25 fueron sintetizados por la técnica de horno de arco y luego tratadas térmicamente ha 6000C. El difractograma de rayos X (DRX) y la espectroscopia Mössbauer (EM) muestran la formación del intermetálico FeAl y Al13Fe4 para las composiciones Al50Fe50 y Al75Fe25  y la solución sólida Fe(Al)  rica y pobre en hierro para todas las composiciones
Estudio de propiedades estructurales y electrónicas de GaSb:V
Authors: Yaringaño Roxani , Sonco Rodolfo
Published: December 2021

El semiconductor binario antimoniuro de galio ha tenido muchas aplicaciones en dispositivos optoelectrónicos en los últimos años. El estudio de sus defectos en los materiales semiconductores es de vital interés para este tipo de aplicaciones. Pero, además de la caracterización rutinaria del semiconductor sin dopar, es necesario la caracterización de los efectos que producen las impurezas eléctricamente activas en las muestras dopadas. En este trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas del semiconductor binario antimoniuro de galio dopado con vanadio (GaSb:V) por medio de un Microscopio de Fuerza Atómica. El barrido de su superficie se realizó en el modo tapping para obtener imágenes de la topografía y de los perfiles topográficos de la muestra, mientras las propiedades electrónicas se determinaron a través de las curvas I vs V conseguidas mediante el modo contacto.
Catalog of Religious Literature Preserved in Turaida (1671–1992)
Authors: Kazakėnaitė Ernesta
Published: December 2021

Kreišmane, Līga. Bībeles, dziesmu un sprediķu grāmatas Turaidas muzejrezervāta krājumā. Rīga: Dardedze Hologrāfija, 2020. 191 p. ISBN 978-9934-8524-6-6.
Review of The Role Company Supervision Mechanism in Risk Management Implementation
Authors: Cahyani Mirna , Soewarno Noorlailie
Published: December 2021

This study reviews the supervisory mechanism carried out by the company in the implementation of risk management. This research is qualitative research with literature study method. As a result, internal auditors, audit committees and management accountants work together in supervising the implementation of risk-based audits. Internal auditors have a weak contribution because they prefer a supervisory approach so they are supported by the audit committee. The audit committee supervises the internal auditors and provides suggestions for the next audit process so that it can cover high-risk areas. Meanwhile, the external auditor supervises by ensuring whether the financial statements are presented fairly. This research contributes to expanding the study of the role of supervisory mechanisms in companies for the implementation of corporate risk management.
Peran Orientasi Kewirausahaan dan Orientasi Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja UMKM
Authors: Suyatmi Suyatmi , Pahlevi Reza Widhar
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on competitive advantage; determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on performance and determine the effect of competitive advantage on performance. The data collection method was obtained by using a questionnaire on MSME actors in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and collected 204 respondents. The data analysis tool uses the AMOS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The results show that there is an influence between entrepreneurial orientations and learning orientation on competitive advantage, there is an influence between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage on performance. However, there is no effect between learning orientation on performance
Pengaruh Faktor Demografi dan Literasi keuangan dengan Behavior Finance dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi
Authors: Siratan Elkunny Dovir , Setiawan Temy
Published: December 2021

The investment decision-making process is influenced by various factors, including financial literacy and demographic factors. This research examines the impact of demographic factors and financial literacy with behavioral finance as a mediation on investment decision making.  This research using structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The result shows that demographic factors through gender, age, education, income, occupation and experience have an influence and cause a specific behavior in investment decision making. Then the financial literacy factor has an influence in reducing negative behavior. Likewise, demographic factors and financial literacy with behavioral finance as a mediation on investment decisions have a positive influence. The existence of behavior that is manages with planning, financial literacy support, and demographic factors owned by individual investors will create an opportunity for market momentum. Which help maximize profit, better investment and portfolio performance, avoid risks, better investment decision, and forming trading strategies.
Cervical epidural hematoma with Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by an epidural injection: a case report
Authors: Cho Young Jun , Jung Haewon , Moon Sungbae , Ryoo Hyun Wook
Published: December 2021

Epidural hematoma with Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by an epidural injection is a rarely found condition in the emergency department (ED). We report an unusual case of Brown-Sequard syndrome in a 55-year-old man who presented at the ED with right-sided weakness and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation after a cervical epidural injection for shoulder pain. Cervicla spine magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural hematoma from C4 to C6. After admission, his right hemiparesis and contralateral sensory loss improved within eight days, and surgical decompression was not required. Diagnosing spinal lesions in the ED is challenging, especially in patients with acute neurological signs requiring immediate evaluation for stroke. In this case, definite hemiparesis and some contralateral sensory loss were noted. Therefore, a potential spinal lesion was suspected rather than a stroke. This case emphasized the importance of conducting a focused neurological examination after history taking.
Validation and modification of HEART score components for patients with chest pain in the emergency department
Authors: Kim Min Jae , Ha Sang Ook , Park Young Sun , Yi Jeong Hyeon , Yang Won Seok , Kim Jin Hyuck
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to clarify the relative prognostic value of each History, Electrocardiography, Age, Risk Factors, and Troponin (HEART) score component for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 3 months and validate the modified HEART (mHEART) score.Methods This study evaluated the HEART score components for patients with chest symptoms visiting the emergency department from November 19, 2018 to November 19, 2019. All components were evaluated using logistic regression analysis and the scores for HEART, mHEART, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) were determined using the receiver operating characteristics curve.Results The patients were divided into a derivation (809 patients) and a validation group (298 patients). In multivariate analysis, age did not show statistical significance in the detection of MACE within 3 months and the mHEART score was calculated after omitting the age component. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves for HEART, mHEART and TIMI scores in the prediction of MACE within 3 months were 0.88, 0.91, and 0.83, respectively, in the derivation group; and 0.88, 0.91, and 0.81, respectively, in the validation group. When the cutoff value for each scoring system was determined for the maintenance of a negative predictive value for a MACE rate >99%, the mHEART score showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (97.4%, 54.2%, 23.7%, and 99.3%, respectively).Conclusion Our study showed that the mHEART score better detects short-term MACE in high-risk patients and ensures the safe disposition of low-risk patients than the HEART and TIMI scores.
Can ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block be an alternative option for forearm reduction in the emergency department? A prospective randomized study
Authors: Tekin Erdal , Aydin Muhammed Enes , Turgut Mehmet Cenk , Karagoz Selahattin , Ates Irem , Ahiskalioglu Elif Oral
Published: December 2021

Objective Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular nerve block (IB) has become a well-established method in several outpatient procedures; however, its use in emergency departments (EDs) remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare procedural sedation and anlagesia (PSA) and IB in the pain management for patients who underwent forearm fracture reduction in the ED.Methods This prospective randomized study included 60 patients aged 18 to 65 years, who visited the ED with forearm fractures. They were randomly divided into two groups: Group PSA (n=30) and Group IB (n=30). The pain scores of patients were evaluated before and during the procedure with the visual analog scale. Complications and patient and operator satisfaction levels were recorded.Results There was no difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The median (interquartile range) pain scores observed during the procedures were significantly higher in Group PSA than in Group IB (4 [4–6] vs. 2 [0–2], respectively; P<0.001). Patient and operator satisfaction levels were significantly higher in Group IB (P<0.001). Oxygen desaturation was statistically higher in Group PSA than in Group IB (40.00% vs. 3.33%, respectively; P=0.002).Conclusion IB was an effective alternative for reducing pain and increasing patient satisfaction in ED patients undergoing forearm fracture reduction.
A comparison of scoring systems for predicting mortality and sepsis in the emergency department patients with a suspected infection
Authors: Thodphetch Manita , Chenthanakij Boriboon , Wittayachamnankul Borwon , Sruamsiri Kamphee , Tangsuwanaruk Theerapon
Published: December 2021

Objective We aimed to compare the modified National Early Warning Score (mNEWS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, modified Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (mSIRS) score, and modified Search Out Severity (mSOS) score in predicting mortality and sepsis among patients suspected of first observed infections in the emergency department. The modified scores were created by removing variables for simplicity.Methods This was a prospective cohort study that enrolled adult patients presenting at the emergency department with signs and symptoms suggesting infection. The mNEWS, qSOFA score, mSIRS score, and mSOS score were calculated using triage data. The SOFA score was a reference standard for sepsis diagnosis. All patients were monitored for up to 30 days after the initial visit to measure each scoring system’s ability to predict 30-day mortality and sepsis.Results There were 260 patients included in the study. The 30-day mortality prediction with mNEWS ≥5 had the highest sensitivity (91.18%). The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the 30-day mortality prediction was mNEWS (0.607), followed by qSOFA (0.605), mSOS (0.550), and mSIRS (0.423). The sepsis prediction with mNEWS ≥5 had the highest sensitivity (96.48%). The highest AUC for the sepsis prediction was also mNEWS (0.685), followed by qSOFA (0.605), mSOS (0.480), and mSIRS (0.477).Conclusion mNEWS was an acceptable scoring system screening tool for predicting mortality and sepsis in patients with a suspected infection.
In-hospital mortality in the emergency department: clinical and etiological differences between early and late deaths among patients awaiting admission
Authors: Valli Gabriele , Galati Elisabetta , De Marco Francesca , Bucci Chiara , Fratini Paolo , Cennamo Elisa , Ancona Carlo , Volpe Nicola , Ruggieri Maria Pia
Published: December 2021

Objective Given that there are no studies on diseases that occur by waiting for hospitalization, we aimed to evaluate the main causes of death in the emergency room (ER) and their relationship with overcrowding.Methods Patients who died in the ER in the past 2 years (pediatrics and trauma victims excluded) were divided into two groups: patients who died within 6 hours of arrival (emergency department [ED] group) and patients who died later (LD group). We compared the causes of death, total vital signs, diagnostic tests performed, and therapy between the groups. We assessed for possible correlation between the number of monthly deaths per group and four variables of overcrowding: number of patients treated per month, waiting time before medical visit (W-Time), mean intervention time (I-Time), and number of patients admitted to the ward per month (NPA).Results During the two years, 175 patients had died in our ER (52% in ED group and 48% in LD group). The total time spent in the ER was, respectively, 2.9±0.2 hours for ED group and 17.9± 1.5 hours for LD group. The more frequent cause of death was cardiovascular syndrome (30%) in ED group and sepsis (27%) and acute respiratory failure (27%) in LD group. Positive correlations between number of monthly deaths and W-Time (R2 0.51, P<0.001), I-Time (R2 0.73, P< 0.0001), and NPA (R2 0.37, P<0.01) were found only in LD group.Conclusion Patients with sepsis and acute respiratory failure die after a long stay in the ER, and the risk increases with overcrowding. A fast-track pathway should be considered for hospital admission of critical patients.
Global prevalence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among the general public: a scoping review
Authors: Birkun Alexei , Gautam Adhish , Trunkwala Fatima
Published: December 2021

A scoping review was conducted to identify, map, and analyze international evidence from studies investigating the prevalence of community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. We searched major bibliographic databases and grey literature for original studies evaluating the prevalence of CPR training in the general population. Studies published from January 2000 to October 2020 were included without language or publication type restrictions. Seventy-three eligible papers reported a total of 61 population-based surveys conducted in 29 countries. More than three-fourths of the surveys were conducted in countries with high-income economies, and none in low-income countries. Over half of the surveys were at a subnational level. Globally, the proportion of laypeople trained in CPR varied greatly (median, 40%). For high-income countries, the median percentage was twice as high as that of upper middle-income countries (50% vs. 23%). The studies used heterogeneous survey methods and reporting patterns. Key methodological aspects were frequently not described. In summary, few studies have assessed CPR training prevalence among the general public. The rates of resuscitation training for the vast majority of countries remain unknown. High heterogeneity of studies precludes a reliable interpretation of the research. International Utstein-style consensus guidelines are needed to inform future research and reporting of public resuscitation training worldwide.