bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Cost-sensitive classification algorithm combining the Bayesian algorithm and quantum decision tree
Authors: Ji Naihua , Bao Rongyi , Mu Xiaoyi , Chen Zhao , Yang Xin , Wang Shumei
Published: July 2023

This study highlights the drawbacks of current quantum classifiers that limit their efficiency and data processing capabilities in big data environments. The paper proposes a global decision tree paradigm to address these issues, focusing on designing a complete quantum decision tree classification algorithm that is accurate and efficient while also considering classification costs. The proposed method integrates the Bayesian algorithm and the quantum decision tree classification algorithm to handle incremental data. The proposed approach generates a suitable decision tree dynamically based on data objects and cost constraints. To handle incremental data, the Bayesian algorithm and quantum decision tree classification algorithm are integrated, and kernel functions obtained from quantum kernel estimation are added to a linear quantum support vector machine to construct a decision tree classifier using decision directed acyclic networks of quantum support vector machine nodes (QKE). The experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of the suggested quantum classification technique. In terms of classification accuracy, speed, and practical application impact, the proposed classification approach outperforms the competition, with an accuracy difference from conventional classification algorithms being less than 1%. With improved accuracy and reduced expense as the incremental data increases, the efficiency of the suggested algorithm for incremental data classification is comparable to previous quantum classification algorithms. The proposed global decision tree paradigm addresses the critical issues that need to be resolved by quantum classification methods, such as the inability to process incremental data and the failure to take the cost of categorization into account. By integrating the Bayesian algorithm and the quantum decision tree classification algorithm and using QKE, the proposed method achieves high accuracy and efficiency while maintaining high performance when processing incremental sequences and considering classification costs. Overall, the theoretical and experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested quantum classification technique, which offers a promising solution for handling big data classification tasks that require high accuracy and efficiency.
Glucose versus fructose metabolism in the liver measured with deuterium metabolic imaging
Authors: Hendriks Arjan D. , Veltien Andor , Voogt Ingmar J. , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Prompers Jeanine J.
Published: July 2023

Chronic intake of high amounts of fructose has been linked to the development of metabolic disorders, which has been attributed to the almost complete clearance of fructose by the liver. However, direct measurement of hepatic fructose uptake is complicated by the fact that the portal vein is difficult to access. Here we present a new, non-invasive method to measure hepatic fructose uptake and metabolism with the use of deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) upon administration of [6,6’-2H2]fructose. Using both [6,6’-2H2]glucose and [6,6’-2H2]fructose, we determined differences in the uptake and metabolism of glucose and fructose in the mouse liver with dynamic DMI. The deuterated compounds were administered either by fast intravenous (IV) bolus injection or by slow IV infusion. Directly after IV bolus injection of [6,6’-2H2]fructose, a more than two-fold higher initial uptake and subsequent 2.5-fold faster decay of fructose was observed in the mouse liver as compared to that of glucose after bolus injection of [6,6’-2H2]glucose. In contrast, after slow IV infusion of fructose, the 2H fructose/glucose signal maximum in liver spectra was lower compared to the 2H glucose signal maximum after slow infusion of glucose. With both bolus injection and slow infusion protocols, deuterium labeling of water was faster with fructose than with glucose. These observations are in line with a higher extraction and faster turnover of fructose in the liver, as compared with glucose. DMI with [6,6’-2H2]glucose and [6,6’-2H2]fructose could potentially contribute to a better understanding of healthy human liver metabolism and aberrations in metabolic diseases.
Early selection for drought tolerance in popcorn based on gene effects estimated in seedlings
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Macedo , Khan Shahid , Teixeira do Amaral Junior Antônio , de Lima Valter Jário , de Souza Silva José Gabriel , Catarino Fuly Lara Moreira , Leite Jhean Torres , Santos Junior Divino Rosa dos , Viana Flávia Nicácio , de Souza Rosenilda , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Kamphorst Samuel Henrique
Published: July 2023

Low rainfall rates are becoming increasingly frequent because of climate change, causing droughts and threatening world food security. For popcorn, drought is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant’s growth and development. Thus, the water deficit directly impacts for crop productivity. Based on knowledge of the genetic basis of traits involved in stages of popcorn germination and seedling development under water stress, genotypes with potential for adaptation to adverse growing conditions can be selected early. Therefore, data on genetic effects and combining ability of 10 popcorn parents were compiled to propose breeding strategies for the development of cultivars with greater adaptation to water stress in the early stages. Forty-five diallel hybrids were evaluated under two different water regimes, that is, water stress and full irrigation. This corresponded to a water retention capacity of 25% and 70% of the germination paper. The plants were watered daily as needed for seven days. A range of factors were evaluated, that is, germination traits including the germination speed index and germination on the seventh day; shoot traits including length and dry weight; and root system including length, dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, maximum root number, root network area, specific and root network length, and root volume. Breeding for drought adaption in the early stages of popcorn development can be successful when hybrids are used, because of the genetic effects of dominance (ϕs). These control the traits evaluated at the seedling stage. The combinations L61 x P2 and L71 x P3 were recommended, in view of the more successful performance estimated for traits related to the shoot and root system.
A new group-based online job interview training program using computer graphics robots for individuals with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Muramatsu Taro , Sakai Kazuki , Haraguchi Hideyuki , Kudo Azusa , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Mimura Masaru , Kumazaki Hirokazu
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Job interviews are a major barrier to employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). During the coronavirus pandemic, establishing online job interview training at home was indispensable. However, many hurdles prevent individuals with ASD from concentrating on online job interview training. To facilitate the acquisition of interview skills from home for individuals with ASD, we developed a group interview training program with a virtual conferencing system (GIT-VICS Program) that uses computer graphics (CG) robots.

Methods

This study investigated the feasibility of the GIT-VICS Program in facilitating skill acquisition for face-to-face job interviews in pre-post measures. In the GIT-VICS Program, five participants were grouped and played the roles of interviewees (1), interviewers (2), and human resources (2). They alternately practiced each role in GIT-VICS Program sessions conducted over 8 or 9 days over three consecutive weeks. Before and after the GIT-VICS Program, the participants underwent a mock face-to-face job interview with two experienced human interviewers (MFH) to evaluate its effect.

Results

Fourteen participants completed the trial procedures without experiencing any technological challenges or distress that would have led to the termination of the session. The GIT-VICS Program improved their job interview skills (verbal competence, nonverbal competence, and interview performance).

Discussion

Given the promising results of this study and to draw clear conclusions about the efficacy of CG robots for mock online job interview training, future studies adding appropriate guidance for manner of job interview by experts are needed.
Hospitalization and emergency department visits associated with potentially inappropriate medication in older adults: self-controlled case series analysis
Authors: Lim Jaeok , Jeong Sohyun , Jang Suhyun , Jang Sunmee
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and resulting adverse health outcomes in older adults are a common occurrence. However, PIM prescriptions are still frequent for vulnerable older adults. Here, we sought to estimate the risk of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits associated with PIM prescriptions over different exposure periods and PIM drug categories.

Methods

We used the National Health Insurance Service-Elderly Cohort Database (NHIS-ECDB) to construct the cohort and implemented a Self-Controlled Case Series (SCCS) method. Hospitalization or ED visits during the exposure and post-exposure periods were compared to those during the non-exposure period, and six PIM drug categories were evaluated. A conditional Poisson regression model was applied, and the risk of outcomes was presented as the incidence rate ratio (IRR). All potential time-varying covariates were adjusted by year. A total of 43,942 older adults aged ≥65 y who had at least one PIM prescription and the events of either hospitalization or ED visits between Jan 2016 and Dec 2019 were selected..

Results

Mean days of each exposure period was 46 d (±123); risk was highest in exposure1 (1–7 d, 37.8%), whereas it was similar during exposure2 (15–28 d), and exposure3 (29–56 d) (16.6%). The mean number of total PIM drugs administered during the study period was 7.34 (±4.60). Both hospitalization and ED visits were significantly higher in both exposure (adjusted IRR 2.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):2.11–2.17) and post-exposure periods (adjusted IRR 1.41, 95% CI:1.38–1.44) in comparison to non-exposure period. The risk of adverse health outcomes was highest during the first exposure period (1–14 d), but decreased gradually over time. Among the PIM categories, pain medication was used the most, followed by anticholinergics. All PIM categories significantly increased the risk of hospitalization and ED visits, ranging from 1.18 (other PIM) to 2.85 (pain medication). Sensitivity analyses using the first incidence of PIM exposure demonstrated similar results. All PIM categories significantly increased the risk of hospitalization and ED visits, with the initial period of PIM prescriptions showing the highest risk. In subgroup analysis stratified by the number of medications, PIM effects on the risk of hospitalization and ED visits remained significant but gradually attenuated by the increased number of medications.

Discussion

Therefore, the development of deprescribing strategies to control PIM and polypharmacy collectively is urgent and essential.
Recommendations for patient involvement in health technology assessment in Central and Eastern European countries
Authors: Jakab Ivett , Dimitrova Maria , Houÿez François , Bereczky Tamás , Fövényes Miroslava , Maravic Zorana , Belina Ivica , Andriciuc Christian , Tóth Krisztina , Piniazhko Oresta , Hren Rok , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Czech Marcin , Tesar Tomas , Niewada Maciej , Lorenzovici László , Kamusheva Maria , Manova Manoela , Savova Alexandra , Mitkova Zornitsa , Tachkov Konstantin , Németh Bertalan , Petykó Zsuzsanna Ida , Dawoud Dalia , Delnoij Diana , Knies Saskia , Goettsch Wim , Kaló Zoltán
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Meaningful patient involvement in health technology assessment (HTA) is essential in ensuring that the interests of the affected patient population, their families, and the general public are accurately reflected in coverage and reimbursement decisions. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are generally at less advanced stages of implementing HTA, which is particularly true for patient involvement activities. As part of the Horizon2020 HTx project, this research aimed to form recommendations for critical barriers to patient involvement in HTA in CEE countries.

Methods

Built on previous research findings on potential barriers, a prioritisation survey was conducted online with CEE stakeholders. Recommendations for prioritised barriers were formed through a face-to-face workshop by CEE stakeholders and HTx experts.

Results

A total of 105 stakeholders from 13 CEE countries completed the prioritisation survey and identified 12 of the 22 potential barriers as highly important. The workshop had 36 participants representing 9 CEE countries, and 5 Western European countries coming together to discuss solutions in order to form recommendations based on best practices, real-life experience, and transferability aspects. Stakeholder groups involved in both phases included HTA organisation representatives, payers, patients, caregivers, patient organisation representatives, patient experts, health care providers, academic and non-academic researchers, health care consultants and health technology manufacturers/providers. As a result, 12 recommendations were formed specified to the CEE region’s context, but potentially useful for a broader geographic audience.

Conclusion

In this paper, we present 12 recommendations for meaningful, systematic, and sustainable patient involvement in HTA in CEE countries. Our hope is that engaging more than a hundred CEE stakeholders in the study helped to spread awareness of the importance and potential of patient involvement and that the resulting recommendations provide tangible steps for the way forward. Future studies shall focus on country-specific case studies of the implemented recommendations.
IoT and machine learning for enabling sustainable development goals
Authors: Jaber Mona
Published: July 2023

The United Nations drafted an agenda for 2030 to achieve sustainable development with 17 well-defined goals which are an urgent call for action requiring collaboration and innovation across countries and organisations. The year 2023 marks the midpoint toward fulfilling the proposed agenda but the world is still behind in attaining any of the set goals. This article discusses the opportunities offered by the rise of the Internet of Things and advances in artificial intelligence in ushering these goals with tangible use cases that relate to health, energy, and cities. Moreover, the article exposes the challenges that emerge from applying these technologies in the realisation of sustainable development goals (SDG) with underlined risks related to bias, security, data privacy, and the multi-objective optimisation of often competing SDGs.
Influence of collaborative customer service by service robots and clerks in bakery stores
Authors: Okafuji Yuki , Song Sichao , Baba Jun , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

In recent years, various service robots have been deployed in stores as recommendation systems. Previous studies have sought to increase the influence of these robots by enhancing their social acceptance and trust. However, when such service robots recommend a product to customers in real environments, the effect on the customers is influenced not only by the robot itself, but also by the social influence of the surrounding people such as store clerks. Therefore, leveraging the social influence of the clerks may increase the influence of the robots on the customers. Hence, we compared the influence of robots with and without collaborative customer service between the robots and clerks in two bakery stores. The experimental results showed that collaborative customer service increased the purchase rate of the recommended bread and improved the impressions of the robot and store experience of the customers. Because the results also showed that the workload required for the clerks to collaborate with the robot was not high, this study suggests that all stores with service robots may demonstrate high effectiveness in introducing collaborative customer service.
Real-World Utilization, Barriers, and Factors Associated With the Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in China: A Multi-Center, Hospital-Based Survey Study
Authors: Liu Yin , Zhang Xi , Xu Hui-Fang , Shi Ji-Hai , Zhao Yu-Qian , Du Ling-Bin , Liu Yun-Yong , Wang Wen-Jun , Cao He-Lu , Ma Li , Huang Juan-Xiu , Cao Ji , Li Li , Fan Yan-Ping , Gu Xiao-Fen , Feng Chang-Yan , Zhu Qian , Wang Xiao-Hui , Du Jing-Chang , Zhang Jian-Gong , Zhang Shao-Kai , Qiao You-Lin
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To explore the utilization, barriers, and factors associated with the targeted treatment of Chinese metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Methods: A total of 1,688 mCRC patients from 19 hospitals in 14 cities were enrolled from March 2020 to March 2021 using stratified, multistage cluster sampling. The use of targeted therapy and any barriers patients experienced were collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with initiating targeted treatment.

Results: About 51.6% of the patients initiated targeted therapy, of whom 44.5%, 20.2%, and 35.2% started first-, second-, and third-line treatment, respectively. The most reported barriers were high medical costs and a lack of belief in the efficacy of targeted therapy. Patients treated in the general hospital, diagnosed at an older age, less educated, and who had a lower family income, no medical insurance, poor health-related quality of life, metastasis outside the liver/lung or systemic metastasis, a shorter duration of mCRC were less likely to initiate targeted therapy.

Conclusion: Reduced medical costs and interventional education to improve public awareness could facilitate the use of targeted treatment for mCRC.
A Global Trajectory Planning Framework Based on Minimizing the Risk Index
Authors: Sun Yizhen , Yang Junyou , Zhao Donghui , Shu Yu , Zhang Zihan , Wang Shuoyu
Published: July 2023

At present, autonomous mobile robots are widely used in industrial and commercial fields. However, although the global path searched by existing mobile robot path planning methods has no collision with obstacles, there is a problem in that the path is close to obstacles and is not smooth, and there is a collision safety risk when the robot is actually moving. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a global path planning method based on minimizing the risk index. Firstly, the distance calculation method of the heuristic function of the traditional graph search algorithm is improved to reduce the number of nodes in the search space. Additionally, by selecting the appropriate search neighborhood, the search efficiency and path smoothness of the algorithm are improved. Thirdly, to increase the distance between the original search path and obstacles, the risk index path search strategy is proposed. Finally, the minimized snap trajectory smoothing method with a safe corridor is used to smooth the original waypoint. Both simulation and real robot experimental results show that the minimum distance between waypoints and obstacles is increased by 43.72% on average, and the number of trajectory inflection points are reduced by 75.12% on average after optimization. As such, the proposed method can fully guarantee safety and generate smooth mobile robot paths in global trajectory planning tasks.
Effects of Static Stability Margin on Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Truss-Braced Wing Aircraft
Authors: Li Li , Qiao Lei , Xu Jiakuan , Bai Junqiang
Published: July 2023

Currently, the aviation industry is facing an oil and energy crisis and is contributing much more greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. Aircraft design approaches, such as aerodynamic shape optimization, new configuration concepts, and active control technology, have been the primary and effective means of achieving goals concerning fuel burn, noise, and emissions. For now, the design problems of relaxed static stability (RSS, an active control technique) and truss-braced wing (TBW) configurations with high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization methods have been investigated widely to promote aerodynamic performance. Nevertheless, they are studied almost always separately, and the combination of exploration and refined design is rarely presented. Therefore, the purposes of this work are to evaluate the benefits of RSS on a full TBW wing–body–tail configuration under various flight conditions and the effects on multi-components and to further explore the potential and analyze the aerodynamic features with the combination of shape optimization and RSS. To address these issues, on the one hand, a range of seven static stability margins are adopted to evaluate its effects with a high-fidelity Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. On the other hand, seven cases of drag minimization multipoint aerodynamic design optimization are performed, which are with 600 shape variables and 13 twist variables, subject to lift coefficient, trim, and thickness constraints. The results indicate that with RSS only, the initial configuration has a 2.39% drag reduction under cruise conditions and a 3.01% and a 5.24% drag reduction under two off-design conditions. Additionally, the effects on the multi-components are observed and analyzed. Moreover, all of the optimized configurations with RSS have 2.13%, 2.42%, and 2.12% drag reductions under cruise conditions, drag divergence conditions, and near-buffet-onset conditions, respectively. The most promising optimized configuration has a lift-to-drag ratio of 24.48 with an aerodynamic efficiency of 17.14. The evaluations with a series of off-design points also present high-level aerodynamic efficiency.
Mars One-Year Mission Craft
Authors: Bruno Claudio , Ingenito Antonella , Simone Domenico
Published: July 2023

A human Mars mission is more challenging to astronauts than the Apollo mission because of travel time, life support requirements, and the space environment. Although plans for Mars exploration by NASA and SpaceX based on conventional rockets have been presented, there are considerations that suggest alternatives for the mid- or long-term. The purpose of this paper is to outline a fast mission enabled by advanced (nuclear) propulsion and by internationally shared technology. Whether the destination is the Mars surface or Phobos, for a chemical powered spacecraft, the round trip takes about 990 days, including a 480-day surface stay, compared to only 370 days, including a 41-day surface stay, for the nuclear-powered spacecraft assumed here. Since nuclear propulsion can provide higher speed than chemical, the radiation dose can be drastically reduced. The logistics of such a mission involve one or more cargo craft that must precede the astronauts. Ballistic entry into Mars’ atmosphere depends on accurate knowledge of its features, to date poorly known, that may result in uncertainty in landing coordinates. For a single vehicle, this is not critical, but for a human crew ballistic landing kilometers away from cargo is unacceptable: walking for anything but the shortest distance cannot be afforded with current space suits. In this context, the concept of a modest L/D maneuvering cargo glider based on the past Russian “Kliper” is recommended and developed to ensure landing within a hundred meters of each spacecraft. The crewed lander vehicle is based on the high L/D, inherently stable USAF FDL-7C/D hypersonic glider experience. In a similar approach, an exploration vehicle powered by in situ manufactured CO2 and silane is described that can explore the Martian surface much faster and efficiently than with rovers or rocket-powered ‘hoppers’.
Effects of Morphological Characteristics, Nutritional Status and Light on the Scale Propagation of Lilium
Authors: Ren Zi-Ming , Cui Liu , Gao Cong , Wu Yun , Cui Qi , Li Dong-Ze , Zheng Li-Qun , Xia Yi-Ping
Published: July 2023

Scaling is the most commonly used technique to artificially propagate lilies. Scales from different positions of the donor bulb vary in regeneration efficiency; however, the mechanism underlying bulblet formation remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between scale morphological characteristics, initial nutrient status and bulblet regeneration capacities during scale propagation of Lilium, we performed comprehensive morphological and correlation analyses using scales from three lily cultivars. Principal component analysis clearly distinguished middle scale (MS) from outer scale (OS) by morphological characteristics alone. Morphological results indicated that MS and OS differ significantly in terms of scale width, facial area, basal area, volume, length-to-width ratio and width-to-thickness ratio. Correlation analysis showed that scale width was significantly positively correlated with both the quantity and quality of regenerated bulblets. Among the cultivars, starch and soluble sugars accounted for 50–80% of scale DW. And a higher initial ratio of sucrose to starch in scales was more conducive to the bulblets formation. Although light had no effect on the incidence of bulblets, the formation of bulblets was positively enhanced, and better morphological consistency was obtained. This present study achieved a comprehensive morphological and nutritional analysis focused on bulblet formation capacities of scales from different positions of lily bulbs via scaling propagation, laying a foundation for future molecular studies on bulblet formation.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Land Use Efficiency in Southwest Mountain Area of China: A Case Study of Yunnan Province
Authors: Wang Shu , Liu Fenglian
Published: July 2023

The study of land use efficiency (LUE) evaluation and coupled coordination (CC) relationships under the perspective of urbanization can reasonably allocate land resources and contribute to the solution for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The LUE evaluation index system is constructed in three aspects: economy, society, and ecology. Then the LUE and CC degrees of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020 are measured, and the characteristics of LUE and the relationship of CC in each administrative region at each level are analyzed in space. Besides, the overall LUE and CC relationship in Yunnan Province is described. The study concludes that (1) The urbanization process in Yunnan Province is accelerating, unused land is decreasing, and construction land is increasing. (2) During the study period, the LUE of Kunming was much higher than that of other regions. The economic efficiency of the inner circle cities centered on Kunming is higher, while the economic efficiency of the outer circle cities is lower; social efficiency is increasing year by year except for Nujiang and Diqing, showing a higher pattern in the east than in the west; ecological efficiency is not increasing year by year except for Kunming, Qujing, and Lijiang, showing a higher pattern in the east than in the west; comprehensive efficiency is on the rise, with Kunming and Qujing leading the way with the overall pattern of “east > central > west”. The high-value area is relatively stable, and the low-value area has a clear tendency to shift eastward. (3) The coupling level of economic, social, and ecological efficiency of land use in administrative regions of Yunnan Province is low, but the coupling relationship is gradually optimized, showing the “contiguous effect” and realizing the state of extreme disorder to severe disorder in a large area. (4) The overall CC of three subsystems in Yunnan Province shows a fluctuating upward trend; the comprehensive efficiency index has an upward trend except for a slight decrease in 2017–2018; from 2010 to 2019, ecological and social efficiency is better than economic efficiency.
Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Extraction of Gingerols and Shogaols from Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Gonzalez-Gonzalez Monserrat , Yerena-Prieto Beatriz Juliana , Carrera Ceferino , Vázquez-Espinosa Mercedes , González-de-Peredo Ana Velasco , García-Alvarado Miguel Ángel , Palma Miguel , Rodríguez-Jimenes Guadalupe del Carmen , Barbero Gerardo Fernández
Published: July 2023

The goal of this study is to optimize a UAE method for the extraction of the main bioactive compounds present in the ginger rhizome (gingerols and shogaols). Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) has a considerable content of bioactive compounds, in particular gingerols and shogaols, with interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties, among others. The isolation of these compounds requires an efficient extraction process with short extraction times and the employment of specific non-toxic solvents for humans. In this work, the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the extraction of the main pungent compounds in the ginger rhizome, i.e., gingerols and shogaols, has been carried out. For this purpose, a Box–Behnken design (BBD) has been used to optimize the experimental design through a response surface methodology (RSM). The percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent, the temperature, the amplitude, and the cycle of the ultrasounds, as well as the sample-to-solvent ratio, were the variables to be studied. Thus, the percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent was identified as the most influential factor. Once the compounds were extracted, the identification of gingerols and shogaols was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF-MS), and the quantification by UHPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) detector. Finally, the optimized UAE method required only 10 min of extraction time, presenting good repeatability and intermediate precision levels (<5%). The method was applied to extract gingerols and shogaols from diverse sources, thereby demonstrating its applicability and highlighting the potential variations in compound concentrations across different samples based on factors such as origin, and growing conditions, among others.
Unraveling the Consequences of Oxygen Imbalance on Early Embryo Development: Exploring Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Marsico Thamiris Vieira , Silva Mara Viana , Valente Roniele Santana , Annes Kelly , Rissi Vitor Braga , Glanzner Werner Giehl , Sudano Mateus José
Published: July 2023

Although well-established and adopted by commercial laboratories, the in vitro embryo production system still requires refinements to achieve its highest efficiency. Early embryonic development is a dynamic event, demanding suitable conditions to provide a high number of embryos with quality and competence. The first step to obtaining an optimized in vitro environment is to know the embryonic metabolism and energy request throughout the different stages of development. Oxygen plays a crucial role in several key biological processes necessary to sustain and complete embryonic development. Nonetheless, there is still controversy regarding the optimal in vitro atmospheric concentrations during culture. Herein, we discuss the impact of oxygen tension on the viability of in vitro-produced embryos during early development. The importance of oxygen tension is addressed as its roles regarding essential embryonic traits, including embryo production rates, embryonic cell viability, gene expression profile, epigenetic regulation, and post-cryopreservation survival. Finally, we highlight the damage caused by in vitro unbalanced oxygen tensions and strategies to mitigate the harmful effects.
Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Recovered from Hospital Effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Okafor Joan U. , Nwodo Uchechukwu U.
Published: July 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic bacteria responsible for many nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistances have resulted in widespread epidemics and endemic dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens. A total of 145 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from hospital wastewater effluents and subjected to antibiogram profiling. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance determinants were assessed among phenotypic resistant isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates showed a wide range of antibiotic resistance against 21 selected antibiotics under 11 classes, with the most susceptible shown against imipenem (94.5%) and the most resistant shown against ampicillin (86.2%). The isolates also showed susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (89.0%), ertapenem (87.6%), norfloxacin (86.2%), cefoxitin (86.2%), meropenem (76.6%), doripenem (76.6%), gentamicin (76.6%), chloramphenicol (73.1%), nitrofurantoin (71.7%), ciprofloxacin (79.3%), amikacin (60.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%). Conversely, resistance was also recorded against tetracycline (69%), doxycycline (56.6%), cefuroxime (46.2%), cefotaxime (48.3%), ceftazidime (41.4%). Out of the 32 resistance genes tested, 28 were confirmed, with [tetA (58.8%), tetD (47.89%), tetM (25.2%), tetB (5.9%)], [sul1 (68.4%), sul1I (66.6%)], and [aadA (62.3%), strA (26%), aac(3)-IIa(aacC2)a (14.4%)] genes having the highest occurrence. Strong significant associations exist among the resistance determinants screened. About 82.7% of the K. pneumoniae isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with a multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) range of 0.24 to 1.0. A dual presence of the resistant genes among K. pneumoniae was also observed to occur more frequently than multiple presences. This study reveals a worrisome presence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates and resistance genes in hospital waste effluent, resulting in higher public health risks using untreated surface water for human consumption. As a result, adequate water treatment and monitoring initiatives designed to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in the aquatic ecosystem are required.
Can Serum Drops Containing Doxycycline Provide a Supplemental Anti-Bacterial Effect in the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis?
Authors: Mora-Boellstorff David , Matharu Kanwal , Jhanji Vishal , Kowalski Regis P.
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Systemic doxycycline has been prescribed to reduce inflammation and enhance corneal healing in bacterial keratitis. Topical autologous serum drops (ASD) containing doxycycline following oral supplementation may additionally confer an anti-bacterial effect. The potential of this supplementation was evaluated by determining the in vitro susceptibility of bacterial keratitis isolates to doxycycline. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline against 100 bacterial keratitis isolates were determined using Etests. Twenty-seven Staphylococcus aureus, ten coagulase-negative Staphylococci, six Streptococcus pneumoniae, seven viridans group streptococci, seven other Gram-positive bacteria, nineteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, eight Serratia marcescens, four Moraxella spp., two Haemophilus spp., and ten other Gram-negative bacteria isolates were tested. MICs of doxycycline were compared to a serum standard concentration of doxycycline (SSCD) of 4 µg/mL and concentrations that would be found in 50% and 20% serum component clinical preparations of ASD, corresponding to 50% SSCD (2 µg/mL) and 20% SSCD (0.8 µg/mL), respectively. MICs equal to or less than these values were used to deem a bacterial isolate susceptible. Results: For Gram-positive bacteria, susceptibilities to SSCD, 50% SSCD, and 20% SSCD were 86%, 65%, and 60%, respectively. For Gram-negative bacteria, susceptibilities to SSCD, 50% SSCD, and 20% SSCD were 37.2%, 23.3%, and 11.6%, respectively. Chi-squared analyses comparing Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptibilities showed significantly greater susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria at all three tested MICs (<0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that autologous serum drops containing theoretic concentrations of doxycycline may provide an additional anti-bacterial effect in the treatment of bacterial keratitis, especially for Gram-positive bacterial keratitis compared to Gram-negative bacterial keratitis.
Topical Absorption of Glutathione–Cyclodextrin Nanoparticle Complex in Healthy Human Subjects Improves Immune Response against Mycobacterium avium Infection
Authors: Sasaninia Kayvan , Kelley Melissa , Abnousian Arbi , Badaoui Ali , Alexander Logan , Sheren Nisar , Owens James , Rajurkar Shlok , Razo-Botello Brianna , Chorbajian Abraham , Yoon Sonyeol , Dhama Sanya , Avitia Edith , Ochoa Cesar , Yutani Ray , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: July 2023

Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular antioxidant responsible for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the oral administration of liposomal GSH improves immune function against mycobacterium infections in healthy patients along with patients with HIV and Type 2 diabetes. We aim to determine if the topical application of a glutathione–cyclodextrin nanoparticle complex (GSH-CD) confers a therapeutic effect against mycobacterium infections. In our study, healthy participants received either topical GSH-CD (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) treatment. Subjects were sprayed four times twice a day for three days topically on the abdomen. Blood draws were collected prior to application, and at 1, 4, and 72 h post-initial topical application. GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokine levels were assessed in the processed blood samples of study participants. Additionally, whole blood cultures from study participants were challenged with Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) infection in vitro to assess mycobacterium survival post-treatment. Topical GSH-CD treatment was observed to elevate GSH levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and red blood cells and decrease MDA levels in PBMCs 72 h post-treatment. An increase in plasma IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, and TNF-α was observed at 72 h post-topical GSH-CD treatment. Enhanced mycobacterium clearance was observed at 4 h and 72 h post-topical GSH-CD treatment. Overall, topical GSH-CD treatment was associated with improved immune function against M. avium infection. The findings of this pilot study suggest GSH–cyclodextrin complex formulation can be used topically as a safe alternative mode of GSH delivery in the peripheral blood.
De-Orbit Maneuver Demonstration Results of Micro-Satellite ALE-1 with a Separable Drag Sail
Authors: Takeda Kohei , Kuwahara Toshinori , Saito Takumi , Fujita Shinya , Shibuya Yoshihiko , Ishii Hiromune , Okajima Lena , Kaneko Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

ALE-1, a micro-satellite created for the demonstration of artificial shooting stars, required orbital descent before mission execution due to safety aspects in orbit. ALE-1 utilized a drag sail called SDOM (Separable De-Orbit Mechanism) for a passive de-orbit maneuver, which was successfully completed, lowering the orbit from about 500 km down to about 400 km. This paper summarizes the detailed history of satellite operation and the results of the de-orbit maneuver demonstration during the past three years. Although the SDOM sail faced difficulty in keeping the desired deployed shape of the drag sail due to mechanical troubles, by letting the sail be a drag flag instead, it could still deliver a meaningful de-orbit performance to allow the satellite to successfully lower the orbit as planned. The de-orbit effect of the drag flag was evaluated using comparisons between orbit propagation simulations and the actual orbit transition flight data provided in the form of TLE (Two-Line Element) sets. Through this study, it is demonstrated that the SDOM can provide orbit transfer capabilities for satellites. Furthermore, the de-orbit performance of the drag flag can be evaluated, which could be an important reference for the future implementation of de-orbit devices to solve space debris problems.
New Trends in 4D Printing: A Critical Review
Authors: Vatanparast Somayeh , Boschetto Alberto , Bottini Luana , Gaudenzi Paolo
Published: July 2023

In a variety of industries, Additive Manufacturing has revolutionized the whole design–fabrication cycle. Traditional 3D printing is typically employed to produce static components, which are not able to fulfill dynamic structural requirements and are inappropriate for applications such as soft grippers, self-assembly systems, and smart actuators. To address this limitation, an innovative technology has emerged, known as “4D printing”. It processes smart materials by using 3D printing for fabricating smart structures that can be reconfigured by applying different inputs, such as heat, humidity, magnetism, electricity, light, etc. At present, 4D printing is still a growing technology, and it presents numerous challenges regarding materials, design, simulation, fabrication processes, applied strategies, and reversibility. In this work a critical review of 4D printing technologies, materials, and applications is provided.
Performance Evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4-Based Thread Network for Efficient Internet of Things Communications in Smart Cities
Authors: Khattak Sohaib Bin Altaf , Nasralla Moustafa M. , Farman Haleem , Choudhury Nikumani
Published: July 2023

The increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications has resulted in vast amounts of data, requiring the utilization of big data analytics. The integration of big data analytics in IoT-based smart cities can greatly benefit from the development of wireless communication protocols, among which the Thread protocol has emerged as a promising option. Thread is IEEE 802.15.4 based and has advanced capabilities like mesh networking, IPv6 support, and multiple gateways providing no single point of failure. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a low-cost mesh network using Raspberry Pi, nRF52840 dongle, and OpenThread 1.2 (i.e., an open-source software implementation of the Thread protocol stack). The research elaborates on the hardware and software solutions used, as well as the network topologies adopted. To evaluate the performance of the developed system, extensive real-time tests are performed, considering parameters, such as jitter, packet loss, and round trip time. These tests effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the Thread network. Furthermore, the impact of varying payload size and bitrate on the network is analyzed to understand its influence. The behavior of the multi-hop network is also examined under link failure scenarios, providing insights into the network’s robustness. Our findings provide valuable insights for researchers interested in designing low-cost and efficient mesh networks for various IoT applications, including home automation, building/campus monitoring systems, distributed industrial IoT applications, and smart city infrastructure.
Robust Planning of Distributed Generators in Active Distribution Network Considering Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Jin Wei , Zhang Shuo , Li Jian
Published: July 2023

The energy crisis and environmental concerns have accelerated the development of the active distribution network (ADN) with a high proportion of renewable energy, which poses a challenge to the operation of the power system. Moreover, using active management means to promote the consumption of renewable energy is an important task of ADN. Therefore, as an important operation means, the network reconfiguration is used to enhance the adjustable capacity of the power system at the planning stage. Firstly, a “wind–light–load” uncertain scenario set is constructed to address the uncertainty of wind speed, lighting, and load. On this basis, a robust optimization model for distributed power generation taking into account network reconstruction and in ADN is proposed. In addition, the distributed generator (DG) permeability indicator is introduced in the planning model to improve the ADN ability of absorbing renewable energy. A linearized AC power flow model is utilized to calculate the power flow. Finally, via simulation in an IEEE 33-bus system and IEEE 69-bus system, the influence of network reconfiguration and robustness on distributed generator planning, economy and reliability of ADN is analyzed, and the validity of the model is verified.
An Accessible Serious Game-Based Platform for Process Learning of People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Santórum Marco , Carrión-Toro Mayra , Morales-Martínez David , Maldonado-Garcés Verónica , Araujo Elking , Acosta-Vargas Patricia
Published: July 2023

This research presents the “LudoMinga” platform based on serious games designed to facilitate the learning process of people with intellectual disabilities. The platform is focused on providing an inclusive and accessible learning environment. Serious Games combines educational content with video game mechanics, and the platform aims to enhance the learning experience and promote active participation. Through an iterative development process, including user feedback and evaluations, the platform was developed using the iPlus methodology to align with the specific requirements of the target audience. Preliminary user test results indicate positive results in terms of user engagement, learning, and satisfaction. This accessible platform based on serious games promises to improve educational opportunities and outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities, ultimately fostering their personal and cognitive development. The success of the “LudoMinga” platform lies in the combination of interactive games, personalized support, and accessibility features, ultimately creating an engaging and effective learning environment. Continued advances in this area have the potential to unlock barriers for people with intellectual disabilities, fostering their growth, independence, and active participation in society.
Dispersion Simulations of Exhaust Smoke Discharged from Anchor-Handling Tug Supply Vessel under Various Wind Conditions
Authors: Jeong Se-Min , Ji Hae Jin , Jeong Kwang-Leol , Park Sunho
Published: July 2023

Exhaust smoke discharged from marine vessels and offshore plants not only contaminates the hull and cargo but is also the main cause of deterioration in the crew’s health and working environment. Rules and regulations have been implemented and have become stricter in recent decades. In this study, the exhaust smoke flow around an anchor-handling tug supply vessel in a stationary state, which has been seldom studied, is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. The study investigates the effect of changing the wind speed and direction, which primarily affects the flow and dispersion of the smoke, to verify the suitability of the environment for the crew. To assess the environment, the recommended and comfortable concentrations of NO2 are used. The results demonstrate that a higher wind speed worsens the effect of the exhaust flow on the environment, owing to lower-pressure values and regions behind the structures. The emission of exhaust smoke is unsatisfactory when the wind flows from the side or rear of the vessel, instead of from the bow. Differing from previous studies conducted on general merchant vessels in navigating conditions, it was found that side winds can also have detrimental environmental effects in the stationary state. Adopting the original design of exhaust pipes leads to the distribution of exhaust smoke over the deck, exceeding the recommended exposure limit. Increasing the height of the pipes is identified as a simple but effective method to facilitate the smooth discharge of exhaust smoke.