bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KOMPARASI TINGKAT PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KARET RAKYAT DENGAN USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN PADANG BOLAK JULU KABUPATEN PADANG LAWAS UTARA
Authors: Kurniawan Amas , Handayani Leni
Published: June 2023

Kepala sawit dan karet  termasuk produk yang banyak diminati oleh petani saat ini. Banyak petani cenderung berkecimpung dalam agribisnis kelapa sawit karena tingkat keuntungan yang cukup tinggi.Salah satu produsen kelapa sawit dan karet rakyat di Sumatera Utara adalah Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara.Kecamatan Padang Bolak Julu yang berada di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara adalah kecamatan yang memiliki luas lahan dan produksi kelapa sawit bertinggi di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara. Namun, luas lahan dan tingkat produksi kelapa sawit rakyat yang tinggi  belum tentu menunjukkan usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat tersebut lebih menguntungkan daripada usahatani karet rakyat.Penelitian yang dilakukan ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk analisis dan subjek yang dijadikan sumber dalam penelitian ini adalah petani kelapa sawit dan karet rakyat.Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder.Metode analisis data menggunakan rumus pendapatan  π =  TR – TC dan rumus penerimaan TR = Jumlah produksi X harga jual serta rumus biaya produksi TC = FC + VC.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat sebesar Rp. 12.486.004 sedangkan biaya produksi usahatani karet rakyat sebesar Rp. Rp. 12.332.044 pertahun. Biaya produksi usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat lebih tinggi dari biaya produksi usahatani karet rakyat.Penerimaan usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat sebesar Rp. 24.332.400  sedangkan penerimaan  usahatani karet rakyat sebesar Rp. Rp. 25.374.400 pertahun. Penerimaan  usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat lebih rendah dari penerimaan usahatani karet rakyat. Pendapatan petani kelapa sawit rakyat sebesar Rp. 12.846.356  sedangkan pendapatan  usahatani karet rakyat sebesar Rp. Rp. 14.042.356 pertahun. Penerimaan  usahatani kelapa sawit rakyat lebih rendah dari penerimaan usahatani karet rakyat
ANALISIS USAHATANIDAN SISTEM PEMASARAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L Saccharata)
Authors: Perkasa Dewan , Noviani Nomi
Published: June 2023

Usahatani jagung di daerah penelitian telah berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama dan telah banyak mengalami pasang surut dalam pengusahaannya, namun masih tetap berjalan sampai sekarang.Dilihat dari faktor geografis, Desa Bingkat memiliki potensi yang baik untuk usahatani jagung sebagai sumber pendapatan dan memungkinkan tanaman jagung untuk berkembang, karena didukung oleh keadaan tanahnya yang cocok untuk tanaman jagung.Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan (field research).Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan dalam analisisnya, penulis menggunakan rumus pendapatan dan kelayakan usahatani serta pola pemasxaran jagung manis. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan bahwa keuntungan petani jagungdi daerah penelitian sebesar Rp. 10.098.216 /musim tanam.Usahatani jagung layak diusahakan dengan nilai R/C rasio lebih besar dari 1 yaitu 4,53 > 1 artinya bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh petani 4,53 kali lipat dari biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan. Saluran distribusi yang menguntungkan dalam pemasaran jagung adalah saluran distribusi langsung tapi petani jagung tidak memilih saluran distribusi ini karena keterbatasan kemampuan untuk memasarkan sendiri jagung mereka ke pasar yang lebih menguntungkan dan saluran yang terjadi di daerah penelitian adalah saluran petani menjual ke pedagang pengumpul luas wilayah dan selanjutnya di jual ke pedagang pengecer
Reactularization Of Al-Musāwah Principle In Standard Contracts On Murābahah Financing At Bank Syariah
Authors: Safwan Safwan , Jailani Munawar Rizki , Dewi.M Nur Sari
Published: June 2023

Murabahah is the sale and purchase of goods at the original price with additional profit agreed between the bank and the customer. The purpose of this research is to examine how the existence of the al-Musawah principle in Murabahah financing at Islamic Banks. The methodology used in this article is qualitative with descriptive analysis. The data were obtained from books related to al-Musawah in Murabahah and interviews with employees and customers of Islamic banks. The results showed that the essence of the principle of al-Musawah is a benchmark for the validity of an agreement, then when viewed in terms of determining the price and period of payment, and risk control in murabahah financing, it is clear that the principle of al-Musawah has not been realized because the contracts are more burdensome for the customer.
La dignidad humana, la lucha por el reconocimiento y la precariedad de las relaciones laborales en Brasil
Authors: Moraes Gerson Leite de , Menezes Daniel Francisco Nagao
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo pretende realizar una investigación histórica y filosófica del concepto de dignidad. El término latino dignitas siempre ha estado ligado a las ideas republicanas desde la Antigua Roma, pero fue en la Edad Media cuando la ciencia jurídica, muy ligada a la teología, formuló uno de los pilares de la teoría de la soberanía, a saber, el carácter perpetuo del poder político. La dignidad se emancipó entonces de su portador y se convirtió en una persona ficticia, una especie de cuerpo místico que se coloca junto al cuerpo real del magistrado. En la Modernidad, a partir de Kant, la dignidad se fundamenta en la autonomía, asumiendo la presencia de una voluntad moral legisladora, en la que cada ser humano necesita sentirse sometido a exigencias morales razonables e internamente coactivas. Desde entonces, el concepto de dignidad aparece en las Constituciones de muchos países, incluida la Constitución Federal vigente en Brasil desde 1988. A pesar de estar incorporada en la legislación nacional, la dignidad termina sufriendo retrocesos debido a la injerencia del mundo político, en este sentido, la Reforma Laboral de 2017, con sus promesas de mejorar el empleo y los ingresos en Brasil, terminó violando los principios básicos de la noción de dignidad. La Teoría Crítica y los trabajos de Axel Honneth son fundamentales para pensar la precariedad de las relaciones laborales en Brasil y la posibilidad de superación de esos obstáculos por parte de la clase obrera a través de la lucha por el reconocimiento.
Ragnarök: un análisis de la Völuspa y su influencia en las sociedades escandinavas de la era vikinga
Authors: Moraes Gerson Leite de , Lima Victor Ugo Barbosa Coelho de
Published: June 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el poema de la Edda Poética, denominado Völuspa, que trata sobre el origen y el fin del mundo en la visión de los pueblos escandinavos de la época vikinga, afirmando sus conceptos escatológicos. De esta manera, se hará un paralelismo entre los hechos ocurridos en este trabajo, con las propias comunidades, buscando puntos que las retraten, desde su mentalidad hasta su cotidianidad. Se destacarán algunos puntos, como la importancia de la mujer para las prácticas religiosas, la sociedad orientada a la guerra, así como la valoración del conocimiento, sobre todo en la figura de Óðinn. Se utilizarán diferentes obras además de la Edda Poética, así como se movilizarán otros autores, abarcando los campos de la Arqueología y la Historia.
Relato da percepção de mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama acerca do autocuidado
Authors: Resende Larissa de Oliveira , Lemos Rayla Amaral , Baquião Ana Paula de Sousa Silva , Bittencourt Jaqueline Ferreira Ventura , Bonoto Roberta , Carvalho Simone Meira
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama sobre o autocuidado e suas barreiras ou facilitadores. Método: estudo qualitativo, no qual participaram dez mulheres submetidas à cirurgia por câncer mamário, realizado de maio a setembro de 2018, em Juiz de Fora, Brasil. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, originando a categoria “Autocuidado: motivação para a vida”. Resultados: diante dos efeitos dos tratamentos, as mulheres relataram enfrentar um processo de readaptação, no qual desenvolvem estratégias de enfrentamento a partir dos fatores motivacionais proporcionados pela rede de apoio, incentivando a realização das práticas de autocuidado. Conclusão: embora as terapêuticas para o câncer de mama tragam impactos negativos na vida das mulheres, elas tendem a ressignificar sua visão de cuidados com a saúde e fortalecer os vínculos afetivos, elementos fundamentais para motivação para o autocuidado e continuidade na trajetória de combate ao câncer.
SOCIAL COMPONENT OF PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Separated Structural Subdivision ", Smyrnova Nadiia ,   Kryvyi Rih Professional College of National Aviation University"
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of the social component of production in the context of the evolution of financial and economic relations. The research methods are historical analysis, synthesis, chronology, analogy. Manufacturing is an integral part of human civilization. It arose in the early stages of the development of social formations and accompanies the progress of civilization to this day. But it is not possible without the appropriate financial and economic relations accompanying and supporting them. It is always necessary to compare the presence of financial and economic relations with production, carrying out a retrospective analysis of the cause with the determination of the appropriate time period for their occurrence. The beginning of such activity should be correlated with the period of the formation of simple commodity production, due to the development of human needs. As the productive forces of society developed, new human needs also appeared, which became the reasons for the complication of cooperation ties between economic entities and the expansion of their production capabilities. The effect became the cause, and the cause became the effect. Financial and economic relations developed in parallel with needs and production, which acted as a source of their implementation. The needs of society expanded significantly, dividing it into producers and consumers since the formation of simple commodity production. Their economic interests are significantly different, although any manufacturer is a consumer of goods of someone else's production now. The modern world is characterized by a variety of production and economic relations with the dominance of developed commodity production, although in some areas there is still natural and simple commodity production, which historically passed one into another, supplementing and expanding the previous one, with the subsequent evolution of financial and economic relations as a tool for ensuring the exchange of goods along development of human needs.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Koturanova Tetiana , Barannik Irina ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tsegelnik Yulia ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: June 2023

The article examines the impact on the behavior of businesses and enterprises of new forms of communication interaction through social networks: crowd practices (crowdsourcing and crowdfunding). They are not yet so well-known in Ukraine, but as forms of modern communications they are rapidly gaining popularity. Another modern trend in the development of communications – omnichannel – is described. As part of the Omni-channel concept (the era of multi-channel commerce), users communicate with the company, moving freely between online and offline channels that are fully integrated with each other. This allows you to maintain a personalized approach to the client and gather a reliable base of clients/buyers. One more important function of modern business communications should be noted – they become a means of managing meanings and carry a new semantic load on their own. Meanings form a system of vision of the world, individual phenomena and processes, business as a whole and individual organizations. Depending on it, there are different motivations for certain actions, different strategies, means of their implementation, results, etc. In order to manage meanings, one must know, understand and perceive them, and not statically, but in development. The problem of perception becomes one of the key for the management of meanings. And this is not only the perception by individual people (or stakeholders) of specific phenomena, situations, objects or processes, structures and relationships, results and assessments, but the meanings behind them. Therefore, much attention is paid in the article to the semantic load of business communications, which become a means of managing meanings. In particular, the concept of "coordinated management of meanings" (Coordinated Management of Meanings – CMM) is considered. This concept is used in the practice of management to resolve conflicts, manage relations within enterprises or organizations. All the listed trends are the most relevant even today, as they have an important impact on information exchange and changes in practical aspects of enterprise management, their competitiveness, etc. The conclusion that the future lies in integrated communications and communication technologies that develop and influence the development of management itself becomes quite obvious.
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAINS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Pandyak Igor , Kushniruk Halyna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Petlin Iryna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the development strategies of international hotel chains. The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of organization of international hotel companies, to identify the advantages of the hotel chain form, to classify and characterize typical development strategies of hotel chains. General logical methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison and generalization were used, which ensured the systematization of scientific, statistical, scientific and journalistic information of publicly available organizational and economic data on the functioning of hotel chains. The key place in the study is given to the method of classification with the identification of qualitative, quantitative and dynamic characteristics of hotel operators. The article analyzes the conditionality of the development of hotel chains as a result of fierce competition in the business environment. It was found that the strength resources of hotel chains ensure their high and long-term stability. The advantages of managing finances, marketing, quality, and strategy in hotel chains compared to independent hotels are highlighted and analyzed. The study classifies and characterizes the main types of hotel chain development strategies, in particular, global geographic expansion, consistent focused local expansion strategy, brand portfolio expansion, real estate portfolio development, external orientation strategy, geographic advantage orientation, segmentation strategy, cost leadership strategy, internal orientation strategy, branding strategy, etc. The study revealed the diversification of international hotel chains as a reflection of significant competition in the segment of four-star and five-star hotels of well-known brands. The authors state that the future of hotel chains will depend on the convergence of growing competitiveness with a diverse customer base that is constantly evolving and looking for unique and personalized experiences. The results of classifying the strategy of hotel chains can be used by market operators to select the optimal model of competitiveness, which determines the practical significance of the study.
WAYS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS REGARDING LIQUIDITY AND SOLVENCY OF SMALL DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khoma Iryna , Panchak Marian-Ivan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2023

In today's market economy, the economic activity of all economic entities is accompanied by risk, which increases their level of competitiveness and requires the management of enterprises to find various ways to combat it. An important indicator of a company's financial health is its solvency and liquidity. Solvency and liquidity are different, although interrelated concepts. The purpose of the study is to analyze the liquidity and solvency of small private enterprises in the domestic market, as well as to provide recommendations for improving the financial condition of the enterprise, because small enterprises are the basis of any market economy. Under the conditions of the unstable economic and political situation and the financial crisis, the activities of small businesses enterprises is hampered by the presence of significant problems and obstacles. This article analyzes the financial condition of this enterprise using horizontal-vertical and coefficient analysis, where both positive and negative changes were detected. It is worth saying that there are many problems from a financial point of view in the activities of the WPF "Oksana": low liquidity, reduced profitability, low financial stability. The enterprise should carry out work to improve financial indicators, as a result of which it will increase its autonomy and profitability and will be able to conduct its business activities efficiently. Small businesses have limited access to financial and money markets. As a rule, one can only dream about the issue of shares. It is not possible to get a loan not only because of its high cost, but also because of the risky financial condition of the enterprise and the lack of a credit policy. A high level of liquidity and solvency provides the enterprise with an appropriate level of trust from creditors, which seeks to attract funds for the development of the company. To directions for improving the assessment of the company's solvency can be attributed to the improvement of analytical ones the capabilities of its information base for analysis by using account data; calculation of the system of solvency indicators based on the company's cash flows; carrying out operative analysis of solvency. The further direction of the research is the formation of the system indicators of the company's solvency and substantiation of their normative values at the industry level. Therefore, the study of modern problems of liquidity and solvency of small enterprises in Ukraine acquires special relevance.
OFFICE EXPENSES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN APPROACHES TO COST ACCOUNTING
Authors:   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Havrilenko Nataliia
Published: June 2023

The term "office" has long since become one of the most common characteristics of the 21st century economy. Everyone has offices, from a construction organization to an advertising company, from a huge factory with thousands of employees to a small firm with barely ten employees. The functioning of the office is one way or another expenses, and they are very diverse, which determines certain accounting features of them. The article reveals and highlights the specific features of office expenses that must be taken into account when forming an accounting policy, which will allow for the formation of a fairly rational accounting system. These features are: the specifics of regulatory regulation, the significant share of office expenses in total expenses, the variety of these expenses, special approaches to their qualification. It is noted that the office building can be accounted for as one object of fixed assets, or as a set of individual objects of fixed assets or low-value non-current material assets. It is emphasized that the office building can be divided into several objects during its operation. As for office stationery, here the order of displaying costs for its purchase in accounting depends on the term of its operation. Computers, printers, faxes, telephones and other equipment of a similar nature are usually integral attributes of any office. All of them belong to classic non-current assets, as they are operated for more than one year. Their accounting largely depends on their value and on the accounting policy of the business entity. Tax accounting of income tax for office expenses mostly does not contain special nuances. Differences with large payers can arise mostly, either in the case of fixed assets or intangible assets, or if there was an acquisition from risky counterparties. There is no doubt about the economic nature of office expenses. The exception is the so-called dual-purpose equipment, for example: refrigerators, kettles, microwave ovens, coffee makers, heaters, air conditioners, as well as various decorative objects, for example: flowers, trees, aquariums with fish, green spaces.
BUSINESS ORIENTATION ON GREEN MARKETING AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Aviation University, Naghiyeva Aysel
Published: June 2023

Currently, one of the priority tasks of marketing is the development of progressive mechanisms for meeting the needs of consumers in new environmentally-oriented ways of life, which ensures the production and sale of environmentally friendly products. Increasing attention to these problems in society, as well as ensuring the achievement of parity between the economic interests of business and the ecological and social needs of society, contributed to the expansion of a new conceptual approach to the organization of economic activity - ecological marketing. As a result, active implementation of elements of the ecological marketing concept is carried out in all complexes of marketing activities. In fact, every successful company, taking care of its image in society, focuses on the concept of ecological marketing. They were picked up and developed not only by foreign companies, but also by Ukrainian companies. To implement the concept of ecological marketing, domestic companies need a combination of a whole set of actions, among which we can highlight: 1) implementation of high standards (the company acts in accordance with the standards that regulate the use of natural resources); 2) environmental PR (the public, including partners, media and end consumers, should know the company's position from the point of view of ecology); 3) building loyalty (the company's concern for the environment allows it to gain a loyal audience that shares its stated principles; 4) introduction of new eco-technologies (the company can develop its own methods of zero-waste and safe production, as well as master existing ones); 5) production of eco-goods and services (development of goods that are manufactured without the use of harmful substances and that are not recycled); 6) establishing communications (ensuring two-way communication with consumers of ecological goods); 7) innovation support (may include sponsorship and informational support of start-ups and public initiatives aimed at environmental protection).
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОНЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ЗА РАХУНОК ВІДХОДІВ І БІОПАЛИВА: ДОСВІД ЄС ТА УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Макалюк І.В. , Марченко В.М. , Кавтиш О.П.
Published: June 2023

У статті обґрунтовано актуальність пошуку шляхів підвищення енергонезалежності в умовах зростання конфліктності у світовому глобальному просторі. Проаналізовано структуру та динаміку виробництва і споживання енергії в ЄС та Україні за рахунок традиційних і альтернативних джерел. Обґрунтовано тенденції взаємозв’язку між зменшенням рівня енергетичної залежності країн від імпортованих енергоносіїв та зростанням частки енергоспоживання з відновлювальних джерел. Досліджено практику енергетичного використання відходів та біопалива у прогресивних європейських країнах та Україні. Охарактеризовано енергетичний потенціал твердих побутових відходів і біомаси в Україні та окреслено перспективи його використання. Визначено передумови імплементації зарубіжного досвіду щодо підвищення енергонезалежності нашої держави за рахунок відходів та біопалива в національному контексті. Обґрунтовано необхідність розширення практики використання теплових насосів для генерації енергії з навколишнього середовища.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ТРУДОВИХ ВІДНОСИН ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Лісніченко Маргарита , Плинокос Дмитро , Галан Олена
Published: June 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню основних тенденцій трансформації соціально-трудових відносин зайнятості в умовах цифровізації економіки. Розглянуто підходи до визначення сутності цифровізації, визначено основні форми нестандартної зайнятості та наслідки її поширення, визначено чинники, які матимуть як позитивний, так і негативний вплив на соціально-трудові відносини зайнятості, розглянуто вплив поглиблення процесів цифровізації на зміст і форми праці, робочі місця, характер соціально-трудових відносин. Ринок праці найгостріше реагує на поглиблення та прискорення темпів процесів цифровізації економіки. До основних тенденцій трансформації соціально-трудових відносин зайнятості в сучасних умовах слід віднести: зміну структури зайнятості; поширення таких нестандартних форм зайнятості як тимчасова зайнятість, замасковані трудові відносини, залежна самостійна зайнятість, тимчасова запозичена праця та інших багатосторонніх трудових відносин; робота не тільки за трудовими договорами, але і за цивільно-правовими договорами тощо. В цьому контексті виникає низка проблем та ризиків у соціально-трудовій сфері, зокрема таких як зниження рівня соціального захисту, втрата соціального статусу, безробіття, та інші, які зумовлюють необхідність подальшого дослідження даної проблематики.
Effect of coumaphos on Rhipicephalus microplus and entomopatho-genic nematodes in cattle production units
Authors: Barrón-Bravo Oscar G. , Cadena-Zamudio Daniel A. , Garay-Martínez Jonathan , Arispe-Vázquez José L. , Avilés-Ruiz Ricardo , Garcés-García Raquel , Patishtan-Pérez Juan
Published: June 2023

Objective: to determine the effect of coumaphos on Rhipicephalus microplus and entomopathogenic nematodes in bovine production units.
Design/methodology/approach: Two experiments were carried out: First) tick samples were collected and evaluated, using the Adult Immersion Test (10 ticks per humid chamber), the treatments were applied: 1) Control; 2) Coumaphos 0.1 %; 3) Coumaphos 0.2 %; 4) Coumaphos 0.4 %. An ANOVA was carried out with a completely randomized design (mortality dependent variable and treatment independent variable with four levels) and a multiple comparison of means (Tukey's test). Second experiment) 10 samples of livestock soil where coumaphos is used, which correspond to the Mariano Matamoros ejido, Tamaulipas, and 10 non-livestock soil from the Las Huastecas Experimental Field, were analyzed to determine the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). a cross-frequency table between the sampled soils and the Chi-square test.
Results: Experiment 1) In counting the tick mortality percentages on the second day after application in group 1) control was 37.5 %, 2) 72.5 %, 3) 80 %, 4) 92.5 %, on day 7 and day 8 there was no difference with 90 % and 100 % mortality. Experiment 2) The soils positive to EPN were 35 % Non-livestock and 25 % Livestock.
Limitations on study/implications: it is important to make producers aware of the correct use of chemical products.
Findings/conclusions: R. Microplus was susceptible to coumaphos in cattle production units. A greater presence of EPN was found in non-livestock soils, which may be related to the use of chemical products to control parasites.
Evaluation of the commercially important clam fishery in the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, México
Authors: Oviedo-Velázquez Brenda Priscila , Torres-Tadeo César Mauricio , Asiain-Hoyos Alberto , López-Escudero Roberto de Jesús , Lango-Reynoso Verónica
Published: June 2023

Objective: to evaluate the historical trends of clam fishery in Alvarado, Veracruz, to determine the current state of its populations and to promote the incorporation of aquaculture activities, to conserve the resource and reduce the negative impact of its fishery.
Design/methodology/approach: data were obtained through the CONAPESCA on the arrival notices of clam fishery production from the offices in Alvarado, Veracruz. After analyzing this information, graphs on trends, composition, and proportion by species were made about the capture between the years 1998 to 2021 of the three most important species in the region (Rangia cuneata, Rangia flexuosa and Polymesoda caroliniana.)
Results: the three clam species hit peak production in the years 2006 (P. carolineana with 700 t), 2012 (P. carolineana and R. cuneata with 650 t), and 2015 (P. carolineana with 800 t), respectively. Nevertheless, the trend in the last years shows an extraction decrease. Representing more than 50% of the composition, P. carolineana predominates the captures, even though this species enjoys special protection under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
Limitations of the research/implications: there were no limitations.
Findings/conclusions: the increase of clam fishery is not recommended due to the diminishing trend and the signs of overexploitation observed in the three species, maintaining less than 50% of peak production.
Keywords: Rangia cuneata, Rangia flexuosa, Polymesoda caroliniana, trends, artisanal fishery
Glucosinolates: Structure, classification, biosynthesis and functions in higher plants
Authors: Pacheco-Sangerman Fresia , Gómez-Merino Fernando C. , Peralta-Sánchez María Guadalupe , Alcántar-González Gabriel , Trejo Téllez Libia Iris
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze concepts, structure, classification, biosynthesis and functions of glucosinolates (GSLs) in higher plants.
Design/methodology/approach: A search was performed into recent high-impact literature related to glucosinolates (GSLs).
Results: GSLs are secondary metabolites rich in N and S. They are divided into aliphatic, aromatic, and indole GSLs depending on the amino acid from which they arise. The products of their hydrolysis, mediated by thioglucoside glucohydrolase, thioglucosidase or myrosinase enzymes (EC 3.2.1.147), play a role in increasing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Furthermore, given their composition, they can serve as a nutrient reservoir under nutrient deficiency conditions.
Limitations on study/implications: GSLs are synthesized only in species of the Capparidaceae, Brassicaceae, Resedaceae, and Moringaceae families.
Findings/conclusions: GSLs are sulfur compounds that can serve as defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress factors and as sources of nutrients in plants, and molecules with important nutraceutical properties in food and human health.
Exploring Diversification and Risk of Canadian Real Estate Investment Trusts
Authors: Gambeta Laine
Published: June 2023

Real Estate investment Trusts have been adopted as an investment vehicle to allow an investor to reap the benefits of real estate ownership without the traditional illiquidity inherent in real estate. REITs traditionally have been less volatile than the overall North American stock market and is used as a diversification tool within investor portfolios. Exploring the characteristics of geographic and asset diversification of REIT portfolios, this paper examines if a linear relationship exists between diversification and risk of a REIT utilizing a Pearson Correlation analysis. Risk is measured using the Hurdle Rate representing the required return by investors. The findings indicate that little statistical significance exists between geographic diversification and the Hurdle Rate, and additionally the article identifies errors in the market class of REITs on the TSX.
Road Traffic Noise Modelling and Population Exposure Assessments for Large Municipalities in Ontario
Authors: Wang Menglu
Published: June 2023

Road traffic noise has been proven to have short term and long term impacts on human health. Noise modelling and population exposure studies were widely conducted in European countries, however, there is a lack of efforts in Canada. The objectives of this study was to build road traffic noise models for London, Kitchener, and Markham and validate modelled results with measured noise level. In additional, population exposure to two noise indicator Lden and Lnight were assessed and compared between cities. Due to some limitations to this study, noise propagation method was used to build the models and maximum noise façade was applied for population exposure assessments. The results show that more than 80% of populations in all three study areas are exposed to noise level exceeding World Health Organization and Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change guidelines for Lden and Lnight. This study revealed the urgent needs to conduct systematic road traffic noise studies in Canada and facilitate noise legislation.
Exploring the Existence of, and Delineating Possible Food Deserts in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)
Authors: Lee Cheuk Ying
Published: June 2023

Food deserts are areas that lack, or have limited, supply of affordable healthy food. This MRP explores the existence of, and delineates, possible food deserts in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) under two scenarios: using 1) mainstream discount supermarkets, and 2) including both mainstream discount supermarkets and ethnic supermarkets as the sources of affordable healthy food. Circular buffers are created around supermarkets to delimit trade areas of supermarkets, and K-means clustering analysis is performed to identify socially-deprived neighbourhoods. Socially-deprived areas that fall beyond the trade area of supermarkets are considered as food deserts. Food deserts are mostly found in Brampton, the north-western and the south-eastern parts of the City of Toronto. This study reveals that the GTA does have potential food deserts and the study r results show that the inclusion of ethnic supermarkets has improved the access to affordable healthy food and reduces food deserts.
Essays in Occupation Skill Characteristics
Authors: Loree Jacob
Published: June 2023

My dissertation consists of three chapters in the area of labor economics. The first chapter, written jointly with Derek Stacey, develops a methodology to estimate occupation-specific multidimensional skill measures that exploit variation in both wages and multidimensional skill ratings. The resulting skill measures use a common interval scale (log wage units), which allows for straightforward comparisons across occupations, aggregation across skills, and interpretation of the various components of each occupation’s skill portfolio.

The second chapter uses these skill measures to investigate the role multidimensional skills can play in explaining the gender wage gap. I find that different types of non-manual skill are remunerated to men and women at different rates. More specifically, women are paid more for their literacy skills, while men are paid more for their cognitive skills. I then show this skill-based wage gap is primarily borne by differences in the returns to skills as opposed to differences in occupation selection.

The third chapter uses the multidimensional skill measures to analyze the relationship between worker skills and occupation skill requirements, with a focus on skill mismatch. Using data from the NLSY, I first document patterns on skill mismatch in workers’ initial jobs that suggest workers, on average, are not in occupations that primarily use their comparative skill advantage. As workers gain experience they, on average, do not correct this initial skill mismatch by transitioning occupations. Two possible explanations for this skill immobility is that workers are involuntarily constrained or, due to skill accumulation, are rationally staying in an initial mismatch. To explain observed skill immobility, I develop a model of occupational choice with heterogeneous worker skills, matching frictions, and skill accumulation where occupations differ in their skill intensities. The model is calibrated to match occupational skill requirements and is used to decompose worker mismatch into voluntary and involuntary mismatch. I find a quarter of end of career mismatches can be attributed to workers whose inherent skills have transformed to match their initial mismatch occupation.
A Mutation Framework for Evaluating Security Analysis tools in IoT Applications
Authors: Parveen Sajeda
Published: June 2023

With the growing and widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our daily life, the security of IoT is becoming more crucial. To ensure information security, we require better security analysis tools for IoT applications. Hence, this thesis presents an automated framework to evaluate taint-ﬂow analysis tools in the domain of IoT applications. First, we propose a set of mutational operators tailored to evaluate three types of sensitivity analysis, ﬂow, path and context sensitivity. Then we developed mutators to automatically generate mutants for those types. We demonstrated the framework on a subset of mutational operators to evaluate two taint-ﬂow analyzers, SaINT [1] and Taint-Things [2]. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the ﬁrst framework to address the need for evaluating taint-ﬂow analysis tools and speciﬁcally those developed for IoT SmartThings applications.
An automatic approach to fetal magnetic resonance image segmentation using 2D U-Net Architecture
Authors: Nithiyanantham Saiee
Published: June 2023

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging is imperative to diagnosing and treating fetal disorders because it is the most effective imaging modality given its high spatial and coarse resolutions and soft-tissue contrast. Segmentation is a required step performed by radiologists to aid clinicians to treat and track disease in utero. Segmentation is followed by biometric calculations to determine the weight of the fetus for diagnosing intrauterine growth restrictions, fetal brain and cardiac abnormalities, and other fetal and congenital disorders. However, manual segmentations are time-consuming, inaccurate, and dependent on the skills of the operator. An automatic segmentation method can mitigate these drawbacks and improve maternal-fetal health by reducing wait times for treatment and improving the accuracy and standardization of segmentations. This thesis presents an automatic algorithm using the successful deep learning model U-Net, to segment the whole fetus from and MRI of the maternal abdomen with 86.70% Dice Coefficient accuracy. This is the first convolutional neural network applied for this task and outperforms other models used for similar tasks. This novel algorithm can be applied in both clinical and research settings as pre-processing pipelines to segment the whole fetus from maternal MR images.
Peralatan Inovasi Live-Line Maintenance : Temporary Cross Arm Support Insulator
Authors: Priyatno Heru
Published: June 2023

Pekerjaan Dalam Keadaan Bertegangan (PDKB) Tegangan Menengah memerlukan metode yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan setiap jenis pekerjaan,  seperti halnya pada pekerjaan pemeliharaan/penggantian isolator tumpu dan cross arm untuk konstruksi Double Circuit sisi atas. Penggunaan konstruksi Cross Arm Support Insulator sementara dimaksudkan untuk menghindari adanya pemadaman aliran listrik ke pelanggan saat dilakukan pekerjaan pemeliharaan konstruksi Double Circuit. Mengingat belum adanya metode yang bisa dipergunakan, maka  untuk pemeliharaan atau penggantian konstruksi Isolator Tumpu Double Circuit masih harus dengan memadamkan jaringan tenaga listrik. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, diperlukan konstruksi peralatan sementara yang mampu memberikan solusi dengan cara membuat Cross Arm Support Insulator yang sifatnya sementara. Desain konstruksi peralatan ini dapat digunakan untuk penggantian/pemeliharaan konstruksi Isolator Tumpu Double Circuit. Dengan adanya peralatan tersebut, maka akan sangat membantu dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan pemeliharaan jaringan dan dapat diimplementasikan di unit-unit operasional PLN, sehingga pelaksanaan pekerjaan menjadi lebih aman, cepat, efisien dan dapat dihindarkan pemadaman akibat pemeliharaan tersebut. Dengan tidak memadamkan jaringan tenaga listrik, maka energi listrik dapat tetap disalurkan.
Analisa Pengukuran Produktivitas Perusahaan Menggunakan Metode Marvin E. Mundel Di CV Taruna Jaya
Authors: Chandrahadinata Dody , Maelani Rika
Published: June 2023

Penelitian di CV. Taruna Jaya bertujuan untuk mengukur produktivitas selama periode pengukuran dengan menggunakan metode Marvin E. Mundel, dengan indicator dianntaranya: Deflator, Harga Konstan, Total RIP, Agregat Output, Indeks Produktivitas Parsial dan Indeks Produktivtas Total. Jumlah permintaan selama periode yang diteliti sebanyak 434.500 lusin lilin angka dan 27.300 lusin lilin spiral. Berdasarkan jumlah biaya setiap input, nilai perolehan yang didapat dari hasil pengolahan data adalah indeks produktivitas material tertinggi dicapai pada periode ke 5 sebesar 3,25 yaitu pada bulan April 2021 dengan periode dasar pada bulan desember 2020. Nilai produktivitas tenaga kerja tertinggi sebanyak 23,41, nilai produktivitas maintenance sebanyak 2,35 dan nilai produktivitas energi tertinggi sebesar 28,9. Hasil evaluasi dan analisis menggunalan metode fishbone diagram menunjukan beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan kurangnya produktivitas di perusahaan. Penyabab masalah yang terdapat di peerusahaan antara lain: material, manusia, mesin, dan energi dan utilitas. Dengan beberapa usulan ternyata faktor manusia paling banyak poin terjadi permasalahan. Sehingga dibutuhkan upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perusahaan dan melakukan terhadap keempat kriteria tersebut.
Pengaruh Temperatur, Pencahayaan, Dan Kebisingan Terhadap Pengujian Ketepatan Menggunakan Model Experiment Design 3f Factorial dengan Metode Analysis of Variances
Authors: Wahyukaton Wahyukaton , Humaedi Ihsan , Andryanto Bram
Published: June 2023

Hal yang sering kali bersinggungan pada saat melakukan kegiatan adalah diantaranya suhu, pencahayaan, kebisingan, dan lain-lain, misalkan suhu yang terlalu dingin, pencahayaan yang kurang baik, atau kondisi lingkungan sekitar yang mengganggu. Untuk membuktikan apakah gangguan tersebut berpengaruh atau tidaknya terhadap ketepatan pemilihan jawaban maka dilakukanlah penelitian mengenai pengaruh suhu atau temperatur, pencahayaan dan kebisingan terhadap ketepatan jawaban dengan menggunakan metode ANOVA atau Analysis of Variance dan model 3f factorial. Dalam penelitian ini, pengolahan data yang dilakukan diawali dengan menyusun data sesuai dengan kelompoknya dengan jumlah replikasi sebanyak 3, lalu berikutnya adalah melakukan perhitung dengan data yang ada.  Setelah dilakukan pembuatan tabel ANOVA, didapatkan hasilnya adalah pencahayaan tidak terlalu berpengaruh dalam penelitian yang dilakukan karena terdapat beberapa hal dalam penelitian yang ternyata tidak begitu terpengaruh oleh kondisi pencahayaan.
Analisis Struktur Bangunan Terhadap Beban Horizontal pada Bangunan Klinik Cilimus Medical Center
Authors: Nurlaela Risa Kristalia , Yogaswara Dendi
Published: June 2023

Keandalan bangunan yaitu suatu kondisi dari bangunan gedung yang terpenuhinya syarat-syarat administrasi dan teknis berupa keselamatan, kenyamanan, kesehatan, dan kemudahan penggunaan bangunan. Bangunan dengan struktur yang kokoh, kuat dan stabil diperlukan agar syarat andal dalam bangunan terpenuhi terutama dalam memikul beban atau kombinasi beban luar yang berupa beban angin dan beban gempa. Penelitian bertempat di Klinik Cilimus Medical Center yang terletak di Jl. Raya Garut – Cikajang No. 212 Jawa Barat Bayongbong Sukarame. Bangunan Klinik Cilimus ini memiliki luas bangunan 363,26 m². Satu unit bangunan ini cukup untuk menampung berbagai kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan berupa klinik dan apotek. Pemodelan dan analisis struktur memakai program ETABS 3D. Data-data yang dibutuhkan berupa gambar As-built-drawing dan data material dengan dimensi yang digunakan berdasarkan hasil dari pengukuran maupun pengujian dilapangan. Berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019, level gempa menggunakan gempa 100 tahun dimana 2% dimungkinkan gempa rencana dapat terlampaui dalam kurun waktu 50 tahun umur bangunan. Dari respon spektrum gempa diperoleh nilai  = 0,74g dan  = 0,70g.  Dari hasil analisis kekuatan struktur bahwa bangunan Klinik Cilimus dapat dikategorikan aman dan mampu menahan beban-beban yang dipikulnya.
Evaluasi Tebal Perkerasan Jalan untuk Menahan Beban Rencana Lalu Lintas
Authors: Nannmar Ilyas , Farida Ida
Published: June 2023

Tuntutan sarana infrastruktur selalu bertambah, suatu wilayah yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan lalu lintas menjadi meningkat. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan analisis dengan mempergunakan metode Analisis Komponen serta Austroads dengan program Pavement Analysis and Design, berdasarkan studi dan data lapangan dari Gambar Kerja pada Pekerjaan Peningkatan. Jalan Situ Cangkuang-Leles untuk dasar evaluasi perencanaan tebal perkerasan. Tujuan penelitan adalah mengevaluasi ketebalan lapis perkerasan metode analisa komponen dan Austroads. Hasil tebal perkerasan mempergunakan metode analisa komponen didapatkan 5 centimeter (laston. AC), 10 centimeter (laston. atasnya), serta 15 centimeter (sirtunya class A), disamping itu dengan mempergunakan cara Austroads setebal 18 cm (lapisan aspalnya 3.000 MPa), 10 centimeter (lapisan granular), serta 40 centimeter (lapisan semennya 5.000 MPa). Setelah menghitungkan tebal lapis perkerasannya mempergunakan program Pavement Analysis and Design didapat nilai repetisi beban retak lelah pada tebal perkerasan metode Analisa Komponen sebesar 735081.13  dengan nilai repetisi beban retak alur sebesar 105016,9141 dan tebal perkerasan pada metode Austroads sebesar 1284589,075 dengan nilai repetisi beban retak alur sebesar 179792712,5. Analisis rusaknya perkerasan. jalan di tebal perkerasannya analisis komponen serta Austroads didapatkan bahwasannya tebal perkerasannya analisis komponen sedianya tidak dapat menahan beban rencananya. sebanyak 640000, disamping itu tebal perkerasannya mempergunakan Austroads dapat sedianya menahan beban rencana sebanyak 640000.
Pengendalian Limpasan Air Hujan di Rusun Mahasiswa Kampus 2 Politeknik PU Semarang
Authors: Herwindo Wildan , Bumi Ingerawi Sekaring , Suhardi Suhardi , Bahri Syamsul , Patiroi Andi
Published: June 2023

Kejadian banjir di seluruh dunia cenderung meningkat. Berdasarkan data BNPB peristiwa banjir di Indonesia menjadi salah satu bencana dengan kejadian tertinggi. Bencana banjir banyak terjadi di kota-kota besar Indonesia seperti Jakarta, Bandung, Samarinda, dan Semarang. Politeknik PU merupakan kampus yang terletak di Kota Semarang dan merupakan daerah rawan banjir karena berada di dataran rendah. Untuk mengurangi potensi banjir di kampus Politeknik PU dilakukan upaya pengendalian limpasan hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pengendalian limpasan air hujan melalui pembuatan sumur resapan di kawasan rusun mahasiswa (rusun) pada kampus 2 Politeknik PU. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis debit limpasan pada kawasan rusun dan uji permeabilitas tanah pada area tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran permeabilitas tanah sedangkan data sekunder yang digunakan meliputi data curah hujan, master plan drainase dan peta Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS). Berdasarkan penelitian, diperoleh hasil pengukuran nilai permeabilitas tanah di kawasan rusun Politeknik PU memiliki nilai 0,029-1,680 cm/jam, termasuk dalam permeabilitas rendah. Hasil uji permeabilitas tanah dan geolistrik menunjukkan kondisi tanah pada lokasi penelitian berupa tanah jenuh air sehingga sulit untuk meresapkan air ke dalam tanah. Analisis kapasitas sumur resapan dengan menggunakan nilai permeabilitas 0,029 cm/jam diperlukan sumur resapan sebanyak 38.217 buah, sedangkan perhitungan dengan nilai permeabilitas 1,680 cm/jam diperlukan sumur resapan sebanyak 660 buah. Jumlah kebutuhan sumur resapan dapat berkurang dengan memperhitungkan volume tampungan dan pola operasi embung yang terdapat pada kawasan rusun mahasiswa kampus 2 Politeknik PU. Kondisi lokasi penelitian yang relatif jenuh air dan memiliki permeabilitas rendah menyebabkan air sulit meresap sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mencari alternatif lain yang lebih sesuai guna diterapkan pada area tersebut.