bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMAÇÃO DE RECURSOS HUMANOS PARA O ATENDIMENTO A SAÚDE DA CRIANÇA DE 0 A 6 ANOS
Authors: Lisboa Antonio Marcio Junqueira
Published: March 2017

O autor aponta para a necessidade de uma visão holística e ecológica bio-psico-social da criança, se se quiser garantir o desenvolvimento físico, psíquico e social harmonioso. Definea Pediatria como o ramo da Medicina que se ocupa do crescimento e do desenvolvimento do ser humano, da concepção à adolescência, quer tratando, quer prevenindo, quer corrigindo condições desviantes.A perda da percepção holística da pessoa criou profissionais e um sistema de ensino que privilegia uma visão fragmentada do ser humano visto como 6rgãos e aparelhos, semcompromisso social e sem levar em conta a relação médico-paciente. O ensino é caracterizado pela desintegração inter-institucional de programas de formação e de capacitação de recursos humanos, e ainda pela falta de uma visão balística das necessidades infantis e da realidade social.O autor advoga uma completa reformulação da situação existente, oferecendo requisites para programas de formação e capacitaÇãO de recursos humanos para o atendimento dacriança de 0 a 6 anos.
CURSOS DE ATUALIZAÇÃO PARA GRUPOS HETEROGÊNEOS
Authors: Tessier Stéphane
Published: March 2017

A análise que precede as ações de formação deve levar em conta os aspectos relacionais e integrar a dimensão social e política a ser incorporada pelos profissionais, sabendo que cada profissional foi “construido”, desde a sua formação inicial, com base em modelos rígidos e específicos, que organizam suas relações, tanto exteriores quanto interiores ao seu contexto profissional.A formação continua, organizada sob a forma de grupos heterogêneos, composta por profissionais e não profissionais (complementares ou concorrentes), da qual o autor cita três exemplos, apresenta a vantagem de colocar em contato pessoas de diferentes origens e não deve se limitar aos aspectos técnicos.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRABALHO SOBRE AS REPRESENTAÇÕES NA FORMAÇÃO DOS AGENTES SANARIOS E SOCIAIS
Authors: Chevallier Eric
Published: March 2017

Quando nos questionamos sobre o comportamento das populações em matéria de saúde, utilizamos cada vez mais a noção de representação (do corpo, da saúde, das doenças, dosistema de saúde...). Esta postura se justifica a tal ponto que está cada vez mais claro que se trata de um determinante maior do acesso às estruturas de cuidados assistenciais. Porém,pensamos menos frequentemente que esta questão das representações, isto é, das imagens que iníluenciam e condicionam as atitudes e comportamentos, deve igualmente ser colocada quando nos referimos aos profissionais (ou não profissionais) que intervemno campo sanitário e social.
ESTA CRIANÇA É UM BANDIDO! ESTE BANDIDO É UMA CRIANÇA!
Authors: Lefèvre Fernando
Published: March 2017

Procura-se, neste trabalho, analisar o imaginário sócio-cultural brasileiro no que toca à dicotomia criança-ban~iido. Busca-se, com a análise deste imaginário, detectar as linhas de força que definem as representações sociais correntes sobre a categoria “criança-bandido”. Com vistas a superar as polarizações politicas e ideológicas associadas às duas posições em conflito sobre o tema, procura-se exercer uma reflexão critica sobre esta base imaginária, propondo-se a análise da questão em ten^l^los dás varias exclusões a que estrio sujeitas as crianças-b,andido.
A FAMILIA: UM: SUJEITO POUCO REFLETIDO NO MOVIMENTO DE LUTA PELOS DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Carvalho Maria Do Carmo B. de , Guará Isa Mana F. da Rosa
Published: March 2017

Neste texto as autoras mostram que é necessário desmistificar a visão que se tem da família como incapaz, desestruturada e culpada pela situação vulnerável de seus filhos pois, atrás de crianças em abandono existem famílias abandonadas e negligenciadas pela politica de assistência social. A família deve ser reconhecida como provedora básica das necessidades de seus filhos e como sujeito coletivo de direitos; ampliando-se para ela, a mesma proteção reivindicada para crianças, idosos, mulheres..., através de uma “Rede de Atenção Integrada”, entre serviços e instituicões, incluindo-se aí, a proteção social, jurídica e econômica.
EXPERIÊNCIAS FEMININAS: A PARTICIPAÇÃO NOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES
Authors: Zioni Fabíola
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar mudanças nas práticas cotidianas de mulheres integrantes de movimentos sociais, mudanças essas advindas da participação em experiências públicas e coletivas e que apontem para a democratização das relações sociais.
RISCO GRAVIDÍCO E RISCO PERINATAL: IMPLICAÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS, TEÓRICAS E TÉCNICAS, DAS PROPOSTAS DE MENSURAÇÃO
Authors: Alvarenga Augusta Thereza de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho versa sobre as relações existentes entre os conceitos de risco gravídico e risco perinatal amplamente empregados quer no campo da Medicina, especialmente na área da Obstetrícia, quer da Saúde Materno-Infantil, entendida como área pertencente ao campo da Saúde Pública ou Coletiva. A autora procura retraçar a emergência do emprego do conceito de risco gravídico no contexto dos processos de recomposição da prática médica, especialmente em relação ao movimento denominado de Medicina Comunitária, ocorrido nos anos 60 nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte,  caracterizando, a partir daí, a forma típica assumida pelas propostas de mensuração dos níveis de risco gravídico, conhecidas como “Sistemas de Escore” Aponta um conjunto de questões de natureza metodológica - teórica e técnica - presentes nessas propostas de mensuração que colocam, ao campo da Perinatologia, desafios não somente do ponto de vista do conhecimento gerado, mas também das propostas de intervenção que tal instrumental encerra.Pela importância do risco gravídico e do risco perinatal como objetos de preocupa,cão da área Materno-Infantil a autora conclui pela relevância de um investimento intelectual,sobretudo da área da Perinatologia - que representa uma interface entre Obstetrícia e Pediatria - em novos instrumentais metodológicos capazes de tratar tais objetos não de forma redutora, mas “holística” e multidisciplinar.
ARRANJOS ESPACIAIS E AGRUPAMENTOS DE CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS EM CRECHES
Authors: Meneghini Renata , Carvalho Mara I. Campos de
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho verificou a formação de agrupamentos em duos, trios, quadras e com cinco ou mais elementos, utilizando a mesma coleta de dados do estudo anterior, realizado com crianças de 2-3 anos de duas creches da região de Ribeirão Preto (SP) que atendem famílias de baixa renda. Os dados foram obtidos por duas câmeras fotográficas com funcionamento automático e simultâneo a cada 30 segundos, em três fases: I - arranjo aberto: habitual (4 sessões): II - arranjo aberto: introdução de pequenas estantes de madeira nas laterais (6 sessões); III - arranjo semi-aberto: montagem de duas zonas circunscritas (6 sessões). Proximidade física (distância de até 1 m) foi utilizada para registrar os agrupamentos, verificando-se: (1) maior estruturação espacial acarreta acréscimo na ocorrência de agrupamentos entre crianças e redução daqueles com o adulto; (2) maior freqûência de díades; (3) maior ocorrência de agrupamentos. especialmente com três ou mais crianças, em áreas mais estruturadas de cada fase. Salienta-se a importância do arranjo espacial na formação de agrupamentos infantis e no planejamento de ambientes infantis coletivos.
Editorial
Authors: Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira
Published: March 2017

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O PAPEL DO ADULTO E DA CRIANÇA COMO PARCEIROS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO EM VYGOTSKY
Authors: Lordelo Eulina Da Rocha
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre o papel do adulto e da criança como parceiros desenvolvimentais, à luz da perspectiva vygotskiana e de estudos empíricos que tratamdas parcerias adulto-criança e criança-criança e dos seus efeitos para o desenvolvimento. São apresentados alguns resultados de investigações identificando um papel privilegiado do adulto no desenvolvimento da criança, ao lado de outros trabalhos que apontam a alta prioridade motivacional da outra criança como parceiro da brincadeira, bem como efeitos positivos do contato entre crianças no desempenho cognitivo e social. Argumenta-se contra posições mutuamente excludentes, apresentando a literatura que confirma efeitos diferentes e, talvez, complementares, dos dois tipos de experiência.
RESILÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO COM BRASILEIROS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS
Authors: Alvarez Aparecida Magali de Souza , Moraes Maria Cecília Leite de , Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira
Published: March 2017

A resiliência pode ser definida como a capacidade de um desenvolvimento normal sob condições difíceis ou adversas. Partindo-se desta definição, foi realizado um estudo exploratório objetivando elaborar hipóteses heurísticas para dar conta deste tema a partir do relato livre autobiográfico de sete pessoas que passaram anos de sua infância institucionalizados. Foram consideradas resilientes por manterem vinculações afetivas importantes, por trabalhar, estudar e não ter atividades delinqüenciais. A análise do discurso evidenciou a importancia de aspectos ligados à maternagem através de pontos fixos de valência positiva, que possibilitaram aos sujeitos alguma forma de apego seguro: irmãos; namoradas; parentes; outras pessoas; instituição. Através destes pontos, os sujeitos puderam constituir-se como identidades e individualidades. O estudo apontou também para a paternagem como um fator educativo de “mostrar o caminho”, exercida pela instituição através da responsabilizaçao da criança em atividades. Esta paternagem seria a responsável pelo sentimento de potência que pareceu caracterizar os sujeitos. Finalmente, os sujeitos expressaram um desejo de normalização de suas vidas que pode ser interpretado como o direito à equidade, de não exclusão, ou seja, de acesso ao repertório de experiências da sociedade. Estes três aspectos estariam na base da capacidade de criação de sentido da própria vida através de um rumo que norteia projetos unindo o presente ao passado e ao futuro.
A FORMACAO DE CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS POR PRÉ-ESCOLARES
Authors: Souza Christianne Thatzana Ramos de , Alves José Moysés
Published: March 2017

O estudo da formação de conceitos científicos por pré-escolares possibilita a investigação de conceitos relevantes para a vida e a análise das transformações que ocorrem em seus significados. O presente estudo investigou o desenvolvimento de conceitos científicos, em 20 pré-escolares (quatro a cinco anos de idade), considerando seus níveis de desenvolvimento real e potencial. Foram realizadas duas avaliações individuais acerca dos conceitos de animais e vegetais; vertebrados e invertebrados; mamíferos, aves e peixes, intercaladas por um período de instrução sobre os mesmos. Durante a segunda avaliação, foram mais frequentes os agrupamentos carretos das figuras, bem como as respostas que especificavam categorias abstratas para nomear e definir as classes. As atividades realizadas entre as duas avaliações expandiram as zonas de desenvolvimento proxirnal das crianças, promovendo a evolução de seus conceitos.
ESTUDO TERRITORIALIZADO DA DESNUTRIÇÃO INFANTIL E DO ACESSO AO PROGRAMA DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ALIMENTAR NO DISTRITO DE ITAQUERA, SÃO PAULO, SP
Authors: Rodriguez Junior Ney , Bassicheto Katia C. , Carvalho Rita C.
Published: March 2017

Realizou-se screening para desnutrição infantil utilizando-se medição do perimetro braquial de crianças de Da 60 meses de idade nos postos de vacinação, durante realização da CAMPÒLIO/ Junho de 1991, no Distrito de Saúde de Itaquera, São Paulo. Crianças detectadas tiveram seus nomes, idades e endereços anotados, plotados em mapa da região dividido por área de abrangência das UBSs e por “micro-áreas” de risco, delineadas em trabalho efetuado pelas equipes técnicas de Itaquera através de levantamento súcio- económico. Os dados foram comparados com planilhas de distribuição de leite em pó das UBSs da região. Observou-se que as crianças triadas se distribuíam pelo território concentrando-se em micro-áreas de maior risco sócio-econômico. Constatou-se que 25,81% destas crianças receberam leite no período. Concluise que o método é de fácil operacionalização e bastante útil na proposta de se estender o Programa de Suplementação Alimentar para a população que permanece alijada do acesso as UBSs.
REFLEXÕES E CONSIDERAÇOES SOBRE O ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE - 10 ANOS
Authors: Motta Maria Apparecida , Pantaleão Maria Cecilia C.
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho realiza urna análise dos lo anos de vigência do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Aponta alguns aspectos das novas propostas contidas na Lei e apresentauma reflexão sobre a sua aplicação, considerando em que medida os responsáveis, Família, Estado e Sociedade estão cumprindo seu papel. Conclui que os resultados são pouco animadorespor constatar-se falhas na Família e no Estado
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Authors: Guerra Viviane Nogueira de Azevedo , Santoro Júnior Mário , Azevedo Maria Amélia
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir, num primeiro plano, o que se entende por violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes e quais as suas modalidades para, em seguida, analisar aquilo que denominamos “lei do silêncio”, ou seja, as possíveis razões que levam inúmeros profissionais a não revelarem este tipo de violência – quando dela tomam conhecimento por força de seu trabalho – às instâncias ditas de proteção à criança e ao adolescente. E finalmente, buscamos analisar, através dos artigos 86 e 87 do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o que uma proposta de atenção à  problemática em pauta deveria contemplar e o que deveria recusar. O estabelecimento destes três planos de analise, que a princípio parecem distantes uns dos outros, na verdade, nos mostra que eles se entrelaçam, uma vez que através deles temos condições de perceber que uma política de atenção se faz com competência técnica, com compromisso com a causa das crianças e dos adolescentes vitimizados e com vontade política. Acreditamos que temos condições de pensar nos desafios que a eliminação desse tipo de violência nos faz e nas armadilhas que nos prepara, embora tenhamos caminhado pouco em nosso país no tocante a isso. Mas esperamos que as reflexões críticas aqui realizadas sirvam de estímulo a todosaqueles que de uma forma comprometida estejam se propondo a combatê-la.“As crianças não são propriedade de ninguém: não são propriedade nem dos seus pais, nem da sociedade. Elas pertencem à sua liberdade futura”(Bakunin)
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Authors: Carlini Elisaldo Luiz de Araújo
Published: March 2017

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MATERNIDADE ADOLESCENTE EM CONTEXTO CULTURAL: UM ESTUDO COM MÃES ADOLESCENTES DE DUAS COMUNIDADES (UMA URBANA E UMA SEMI-RURAL) NA BAHIA
Authors: Fonsêca Ana Lúcia B. , Bastos Ana Cecilia de S.
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho descreve como famílias de duas comunidades da Bahia enfrentam a maternidade adolescente e como o seu contexto cultural interfere nas relações de maternagem. Foram entrevistadas 20 mães adolescentes do Vale das Pedrinhas (área urbana) e 20 da Areia Branca (área semi-rural), em seus domicílios. Os resultados demonstram que o suporte familiaré imprescindível à condição da maternidade adolescente. Indicam também que as mães adolescentes da área urbana (VP) diluem mais este papel com os demais membros da família, pois todas continuavam vivendo no núcleo familiar de origem, sendo sua mãe a principal responsável pela criança. As mães adolescentes da área semi-rural constituíram, em sua maioria, o próprio núcleo familiar, sendo responsáveis elas mesmas pelo cuidado e educação do seu filho. Observa-se uma naturalização da maternidade precoce nas duas áreas, embora com maior ênfase na área semi-rural. A família é o principal ponto de referência dos indivíduos, principalmente nas comunidades de baixa renda.
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre a abordagem holistica do desenvolvimentoda criança. Procura indicar caminhos teóricos e metodológicos para a concretização desseenfoque.Discute as várias posturas teóricas existentes no que se refere aos aspectos biológicos epsicológicos do desenvolvimento. Levanta variáveis que interferem nesse processo, como:evolução do homem, hereditariedade e contexto sócio-cultural.A autora destaca a importância da atividade como expressão cultural, na definição deperfis típicos de desenvolvimento psicológico e biológico.Destaca ainda a necessidade de se buscar definir indicadores de desenvolvimento quedêem conta de uma abordagem teórica integral.
Regulation of plant immune receptor accumulation through translational repression by a glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain protein
Authors: Wu Zhongshou , Huang Shuai , Zhang Xiaobo , Wu Di , Xia Shitou , Li Xin
Published: March 2017

Plant immunity is tightly regulated to ensure proper defense against surrounding microbial pathogens without triggering autoimmunity, which negatively impacts plant growth and development. Immune receptor levels are intricately controlled by RNA processing and post-translational modification events, such as ubiquitination. It remains unknown whether, and if yes, how, plant immune receptor homeostasis is regulated at the translational level. From a mutant, snc1-enhancing (muse) forward genetic screen, we identified MUSE11/EXA1, which negatively regulates nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor mediated defence. EXA1 contains an evolutionarily conserved glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain that binds proline-rich sequences. Genetic and biochemical analysis revealed that loss of EXA1 leads to heightened NLR accumulation and enhanced resistance against virulent pathogens. EXA1 also associates with eIF4E initiation factors and the ribosome complex, likely contributing to the proper translation of target proteins. In summary, our study reveals a previously unknown mechanism of regulating NLR homeostasis through translational repression by a GYF protein.
Influences of ABO blood group, age and gender on plasma coagulation factor VIII, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 levels in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Zongkui , Dou Miaomiao , Du Xi , Ma Li , Sun Pan , Cao Haijun , Ye Shengliang , Jiang Peng , Liu Fengjuan , Lin Fangzhao , Zhang Rong , Li Changqing
Published: March 2017

Background

ABO blood group is a hereditary factor of plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Age and gender have been shown to influence FVIII, VWF, fibrinogen (Fbg), and ADAMTS13 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13). We investigated the effects of ABO type, age, and gender on plasma levels of FVIII, Fbg, VWF, and ADAMTS13 in a Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 290 healthy volunteers were eligible for this study. ABO blood group was determined by indirect technique. FVIII:C and Fbg were measured by clotting assays. VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), collagen-binding activity (VWF:CBA), and ADAMTS13 antigen were assessed by ELISA, whereas VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:Rcof) was performed by agglutination of platelets with ristocetin.

Results

Mean FVIII:C and VWF levels (VWF:Ag, VWF:CBA, and VWF:Rcof) were significantly higher in non-O than in O type subjects (p < 0.05 for all comparison). ADAMTS13 antigen decreased with increasing age, whereas the other parameters increased. Other than ADAMTS13 (p < 0.01), no gender-related variations were observed in the other parameters. Moreover, FVIII:C, Fbg, VWF:Ag, VWF:CBA, and VWF:Rcof showed significant and positive relationships with age (r = 0.421, 0.445, 0.410, 0.401, and 0.589, resp.; allp < 0.001), whereas a negative relationship was observed for ADAMTS13 antigen (r = 0.306;p = 0.006). Furthermore, FVIII:C were strongly correlated with VWF:Ag, VWF:CBA, and VWF:Rcof (r = 0.746,r = 0.746, andr = 0.576, resp.;p < 0.0001). VWF parameters were also strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.0.847 for VWF:Ag and VWF:CBA;r = 0.722 for VWF:Ag and VWF:Rcof;p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

ABO blood group, age, and gender showed different effects on plasma levels of FVIII:C, Fbg, VWF:Ag, VWF:CBA, VWF:Rcof, and ADAMTS13 antigen. These new data on a Chinese population are quite helpful to compare with other ethnic groups.
Tears of The Retinal Pigment Epithelium – A Review
Authors: Gupta Anika , Chhabra Mohit , Mehta Parth , Ghosh Basudeb
Published: March 2017

Tears of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may occur in eyes with a large pigment epithelial detachment (PED). They are most commonly associated with vascularized RPE detachment due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and usually involve a deleterious loss in visual acuity. With the extensive use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for treatment of eyes with neovascular AMD, recently there has been an increase in the incidence of RPE tear. Multimodal retinal imaging techniques help in accurate detection of RPE tears and help in identifying eyes with high risk factors for RPE tears formation. Understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors of RPE tears is important for better management of these eyes as RPE tears are associated with poor visual prognosis, especially if the fovea is involved. This review summarizes the current knowledge on RPE tear pathogenesis, risk factors for an impending tear, and approach to management of these eyes before and after RPE tear formation
A Comparative Study to Evaluate The Role of Amniotic Membrane Transplant and Anterior Stromal Puncture in Painful Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Chugh Joginder Pal , Shakeet Dimple , Shakya Devanshu , Chauhan Rajender Singh , Rathi Ashok
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the role of Anterior stromal puncture (ASP) and Amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) in providing symptomatic relief to the patients of painful pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

Methods:

40 patients of PBK were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group A underwent AMT and Group B underwent ASP. Ocular pain score was assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale preoperatively and post operatively.

Results:

This prospective study analysed ocular pain based on visual analogue score (VAS). At the end of 12 weeks, the final VAS was Grade 1 in 14 patients (70%) in both the groups, Grade 2 in 5 patients (25%) in group A and in 3 patients (15%) in group B, Grade 3 in 1 patient (5%) in group A and in 2 patients (10%) in group B and Grade 4 in 1 patient (5%) in group B. Corneal surface regularity was disturbed only in 20% and maintained in 80% of Group A patients. In group B, corneal surface regularity was disturbed in 75% and maintained in only 25% patients. At the end of 12 weeks recurrence of bullae was observed in 20% in group A and in 15% in group B.

Conclusion:

AMT and ASP are equally effective procedures for management of symptomatic PBK in patients with poor visual potential. Both AMT and ASP lead to amelioration of clinical symptoms. AMT has slightly better clinical outcome than ASP but ASP is an OPD procedure and inexpensive.
Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes Using Enhanced Depth Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Harish  , Singh Shalini , Agarwal Manisha , Mayor Rahul , Venkatesh Ramesh , Chauhan Lokesh
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the choroidal thickness in normal Indian population and to determine its correlation with age and refractive error

Design:

Cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye hospital in North India.

Method:

512 eyes of256 normal subjects with no ocular pathology were enrolled. Choroidal scans were obtained for all the eyes using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT). Choroidal thickness measurements were made of the subfoveal choroid and at 500μ intervals from the fovea to 2.5mm nasal, 2.5mm temporal, 2.5mm superior and 2.5mm inferior from the centre of the fovea.

Results:

The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness observed in our study was 353.84±79μm. Mean choroidal thickness in the superior quadrant, inferior quadrant, nasal quadrant and temporal quadrant was 350.91±78 μm, 323.13±75μm, 294.25±70 μm and 335.33±73μm respectively. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was negatively correlated with age and refractive error indicating lesser subfoveal choroidal thickness with increasing age and myopia.

Conclusions:

Choroidal thickness varies with the distance from the fovea. Age and increase in myopia have a negative correlation with choroidal thickness.
Anatomical And Functional Evaluation Of Conventional Vs Inferior Endoscopic Dacrocystorhinostomy In Cases Of Idiopathic Chronic Dacrocystitis
Authors: Thakur Kuldeep , Kashyap Aditya , Negi Satish , Chauhan Prem
Published: March 2017

Aim:

To compare the outcome of two techniques of endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) over a period of 3 months.

Methods & Methods:

Forty eyes of 40 adult patients diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis were divided into two equal groups randomly. After relevant investigations, 20 patients underwent conventional endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy and 20 underwent inferior endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy under transoral pterygopalatine block and topical lignocaine (4%) with adrenaline 1:2000. After three months of follow up, nasal endoscopy along with fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) was performed.

Results:

Ninety five percent (19/20) of conventional endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy patients and 90% (18/20) of inferior endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy patients were found to have patent anatomical fistula on nasal endoscopy. FDDT after 10 minutes was positive in 84% patients (16/19) in group A and 94.4% patients (17/18) in group B. Inferior endoscopic DCR was found to be associated with less operative time (35-40 minutes) and lesser complications.

Conclusion:

Inferior endoscopic DCR is a promising technique with less post-operative complications and improved physiological lacrimal pump as compared to conventional endoscopic DCR.
23 Gauge Lens Sparing Vitrectomy For Stage 4 ROP In Lasered Eyes
Authors: Khan Balbir , Anand Vartika , Trikha Bhavna Sobat
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To assess the visual and anatomical outcomes after primary lens-sparing pars plana vitrectomy for Stage 4 ROP in lasered eyes.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series, the records of 20 eyes of 10 patients were taken, of which 5 eyes had stage 5 ROP and closed funnel RD, and hence were left alone. The remaining 15 eyes that had stage 4 ROP with RD, underwent primary 3 port lens sparing vitrectomy. The outcomes studied at the final follow-up visit were the retinal status, lens and media clarity and visual acuity. Favorable anatomical outcome was defined as the retinal reattachment of the posterior pole at two months, regression of knife edge like fold after the surgery and no dragging of disc or macula.; and favorable functional outcome was defined as a central, steady and maintained fixation, with the child following light.

Results:

At mean follow-up of 6 months, the lens remained clear in all the eyes, and the media clarity was maintained in all cases. A total of 13 eyes had favourable anatomical and functional outcome. Intraoperative complications included vitreous Hemorrhage and iatrogenic break formation. No preop or intraoperatively anti-VEGF agent was used except in one eye.

Conclusion:

23 G Lens-sparing vitrectomy helps to achieve a favorable anatomical and functional outcome in selected cases of Stage 4 ROP with lasered eyes.
A Case of Invasive Fungal Infection Of Optic Nerve
Authors: Gupta Shyam Kumar , Dewan Taru , Patidar Arun Kumar
Published: March 2017

Neural spread is a rare mode of spread for fungal infection. We hereby report a case of a 55-year-old diabetic woman with intraneural invasion by Aspergillus. In this case blackish discolouration of the optic nerve head due to intraneural invasion and black growth in the lumen of retinal vessels due to intravascular spread was documented. This is the first fundus documentation of such a fungal growth in a living person.
23/25 Gauge MIVS Trocar-Cannula as a Rescue Measure In Difficult Situations in Phacoemulsification
Authors: Jha Shashi Nath , Panwar Nidhi , Khosla Amit , Manchanda Neeraj , Jaisingh Kirti , Khanna Anjani
Published: March 2017

We describe a technique of using a small-gauge (23/25G), single, sutureless transconjunctival pars plana sclerotomy to ease phacoemulsification in eyes with a shallow anterior chamber and high intraocular pressure (phacomorphic glaucoma and following fluid misdirection syndrome). These eyes owing to positive vitreous pressure are prone to various intraoperative complications particularly during phacoemulsification which is relieved by single sclerotomy.
Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography - Visualizing Vitreous, Retina and Choroid Simultaneously
Authors: Gadkar Amit , Kumar Vinod , Tewari Ruchir
Published: March 2017

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionised ophthalmic imaging and management. It gives in vivo images of retina that can be correlated with histopathological analysis. Up to two thirds of blood supply of eye is derived from choroid. Various choroidal abnormalities are involved in pathogenesis of different retinal disorders, such as central serous chorioretinopathy, choroidal neovascularisation, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, chorioretinal inflammatory diseases and others. Swept source OCT is new milestone in ophthalmic imaging which gives wide field imaging of vitreous, retina and choroid which can help us in understanding choroidal anatomy and improving our knowledge about retinal and choroidal pathologies.
Bridging the Gap between Medical Low Vision and Visual Rehabilitation Services in Developing Nations
Authors: Singh Senjam Suraj , Vashist Praveen
Published: March 2017

The majority of low vision service being provided in the developing countries is of mono-disciplinary, under which low vision aids are prescribed, without having much of visual rehabilitation services. Further, providing visual rehabilitation activities needs all ranges of skilled professionals, well-equipped infrastructure, and financial support. Such resource intensive service is not appropriate for developing nations. Therefore, an alternative strategy needs to be developed to ensure the continuum of care for the person with a visual disability. The present paper describes setting up a networking model of low vision service which acts as a bridge to ensure visual rehabilitation service while managing low vision patients
National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) in the 12th Five year plan: An Overview
Authors: Vemparala Rajshekhar , Gupta Promila
Published: March 2017

National Programme for Control of Blindness(NPCB) has been the most successful programmes. The major challenges include comprehensive eye care to the underserved population, development of sustainable infrastructure and strengthening of human resources while keeping abreast with latest technological advancements.

Provision for free cataract surgeries, strengthening of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, development of human resources including training of Ophthalmic surgeons, paramedical ophthalmic assistant to ensure quality eye care services in the country are few of the core functions of NPCB. Information Education and Communication(IEC) is an important component to create awareness in the community.

The 11th five year plan has overcome several challenges with renewed emphasis for Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Childhood Blindness besides core diseases including cataract and refractive errors.

The current report details the strategies, scope and newer initiatives of NPCB in the 12th Five Year Plan.
Supporting Surgeon-Scientists to Prosper as Researchers
Authors: Harman Jennifer E. B. , Linehan David C. , Naganathan Anusha
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses supporting the research of surgeon-scientists.
Tranexamic Acid During Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Breau Rodney H. , Lavallée Luke T. , Cagiannos Ilias , Momoli Franco , Bryson Gregory L. , Kanji Salmaan , Morash Christopher , Turgeon Alexis F. , Zarychanski Ryan , Houston Brett L. , McIsaac Daniel I. , Mallick Ranjeeta , Knoll Greg A. , Kulkarni Girish , Izawa Jonathan , Saad Fred , Kassouf Wassim , Fradet Vincent , Rendon Ricardo , Shayegan Bobby , Fairey Adrian , Drachenberg Darrel E. , Fergusson Dean
Published: October 2024

Importance

Among cancer surgeries, patients requiring open radical cystectomy have the highest risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss during cardiac and orthopedic surgery, and it is possible that similar effects of TXA would be observed during radical cystectomy.

Objective

To determine whether TXA, administered before incision and for the duration of radical cystectomy, reduced the number of RBC transfusions received by patients up to 30 days after surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Tranexamic Acid During Cystectomy Trial (TACT) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with enrollment between June 2013 and January 2021. This multicenter trial was conducted in 10 academic centers. A consecutive sample of patients was eligible if the patients had a planned open radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Intervention

Before incision, patients in the intervention arm received a loading dose of intravenous TXA, 10 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance infusion of 5 mg/kg per hour for the duration of the surgery. In the control arm, patients received indistinguishable matching placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was receipt of RBC transfusion up to 30 days after surgery.

Results

A total of 386 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 33 did not meet eligibility. Of 353 randomized patients (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-75] years; 263 male [74.5%]), 344 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. RBC transfusion up to 30 days occurred in 64 of 173 patients (37.0%) in the TXA group and 64 of 171 patients (37.4%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.83-1.18). There were no differences in secondary outcomes among the TXA group vs placebo group including mean (SD) number of RBC units transfused (0.9 [1.5] U vs 1.1 [1.8] U; P = .43), estimated blood loss (927 [733] mL vs 963 [624] mL; P = .52), intraoperative transfusion (28.3% [49 of 173] vs 24.0% [41 of 171]; P = .08), or venous thromboembolic events (3.5% [6 of 173] vs 2.9% [5 of 171]; P = .57). Non–transfusion-related adverse events were similar between groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this randomized clinical trial reveal that TXA did not reduce blood transfusion in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Based on this trial, routine use of TXA during open radical cystectomy is not recommended.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01869413
Modeling movements improves capture–recapture estimates for mobile species with sparse data: Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Viscount Melville sound
Authors: Regehr Eric V. , Baryluk Steven , Boulanger John , Branigan Marsha , d'Eon‐Eggertson Faye , Pongracz Jodie , Thom Adam , Richardson Evan S.
Published: October 2024

Wildlife management requires estimates of demographic parameters that are difficult to obtain for mobile species at low densities. Biased parameter estimates often result from capture–recapture (CR) studies due to small sample sizes and unequal recapture probabilities, the latter of which can be caused by animal movements with respect to the sampling area. We developed a multistate CR model designed to minimize biases by including multiple data types (capture, harvest, natural mortality, and telemetry) and accounting for temporary emigration. We applied the model to data collected intensively from 2012 to 2014, and intermittently since the 1970s, for the Viscount Melville (VM) subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. The number of bears within the VM subpopulation boundary likely increased from an average of 145 (Bayesian 95% credible interval [CRI] [109, 221]) in 1989–1992 to 235 (95% CRI [148, 569]) in 2012–2014. Survival probability increased for all sex and age classes except adult females, for which estimates declined due to unknown reasons. Polar bear movements exhibited Markovian dependence with approximately 28% of the subpopulation located outside of the sampling area each spring. This contributed to inaccurate parameter estimates when using a simpler, single‐state CR model that only included capture data. Although the interpretation of demographic status was complicated by statistical uncertainty and changes in study design, our findings suggest that—as of 2014—the VM polar bear subpopulation had likely recovered from an earlier period of overharvest, was stable, and had not exhibited detectable negative effects of climate warming.
Criminal justice system referrals to MOUD improve, but not enough: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

People with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are referred to treatment by the criminal justice system are less likely than they should be to receive medication treatment, a study has found. According to the study, “Disparities in Medication Use for Criminal Justice System –Referred Opioid Use Disorder Treatment,” by J. Travis Donahoe, Ph.D., with Brendan K. Saloner, Ph.D., as lead author, other referral sources do refer to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), but the criminal justice system is less likely to.
Determining the Necessity of Post‐Processing Heat Treatment for the 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion through Evaluation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties
Authors: Karan Baibhav , Vadani Malar , Muralishankar Prashanth , Moheimani Kiomars , Bhowmik Ayan , Zhang Mingxing
Published: October 2024

Austenitic 316L stainless steel (SS316L) has been a material widely fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. However, as a single‐phase alloy, after LPBF, it remains unclear whether post‐processing heat treatment is necessary to further improve the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. To clarify this uncertainty, the as‐LPBF‐fabricated 316L samples are annealed at different temperatures of 923, 1123, and 1273 K for a duration of 2 h followed by oil cooling. It is found that post‐processing heat treatment has very marginal influence on property anisotropy but reduces yield strength and tensile strength due to the disappearance of the cellular network within the grains, and it significantly enhances the tensile elongation to failure of the steel both along and normal to the LPBF build direction. In addition, the precipitations, such as nanoscale MnS and self‐diffusion of Mo at grain boundaries, increase the susceptibility to localized corrosion of the heat‐treated (HT) samples as compared to the as‐LPBF‐fabricated samples. However, the corrosion resistance of the HT specimens is still comparable to the wrought SS316L counterpart. Microstructural analysis indicates that the post‐heat‐treatment does not cause any phase transformation.
Biomimetic Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Dual Starvation‐Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Ni , Ping Wei , Xiang Jingfeng , Chu Sitong , Li Dan , Ning Shipeng , Zhu Daoming , Zeng Wen , Xu Qingyong
Published: October 2024

Cold exposure (CE) therapy is an innovative and cost‐efficient cancer treatment that activates brown adipose tissue to compete for glucose uptake, leading to metabolic starvation in tumors. Exploring the combined antitumor mechanisms of CE and traditional therapies (such as nanocatalysis) is exciting and promising. In this study, a platelet membrane biomimetic single‐atom nanozyme (SAEs) nanodrug (PFB) carrying bis‐2‐(5–phenylacetamido‐1, 2, 4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) is developed for use in cancer CE therapy. Owing to the platelet membrane modification, PFB can effectively target tumors. Upon entering cancer cells, the dual starvation effect induced by CE treatment and BPTES can significantly diminish intracellular glucose and ATP levels, resulting in a substantial reduction in cellular (glutathione) GSH, which can enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of reactive oxygen species generated by SAEs. This strategy not only boosts ROS production in tumors, but also strengthens immune responses, particularly by increasing memory T‐cell abundance and suppressing distant tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Compared with SAEs therapy alone, this combined approach offers superior benefits for tumor immunotherapy. This study achieves a combination of CE and nanomedicines for the first time, providing new ideas for future nanomedicine combination therapy modalities.
Wet Chemical Method ZnF2 Interlayer for High Critical Current Density Lithium Metal Batteries Utilizing Ba and Ta–Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Surendran Vishnu , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: October 2024

Li metal batteries with garnet‐type solid electrolytes have the potential to increase specific energy and power densities of current Li‐ion batteries. Li metal batteries have been hampered by the poor wettability of solid electrolyte with elemental lithium. Here, to resolve the solid garnet electrolyte/Li interface issue, a scalable, cost‐effective, and efficient surfactant‐assisted wet‐chemical strategy is developed. A ZnF2 interlayer coating is applied on Ba and Ta ‐co‐doped Li7La2.75Ba0.25Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 that formed LiF and Li‐Zn alloy upon contact with molten Li. Conformal contact applying a homogenous surfactant‐assisted ZnF2 coating reduced the interfacial resistance from 87 to 15.5 Ω cm2 which enhanced critical current density to a record high value of 5 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Dense and Li2CO3 free garnet solid electrolyte assisted in achieving long‐term stability for 1000 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Interface stabilized Li/ZnF2‐ solid electrolyte/liquid electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell displayed a 90% capacity retention over 800 cycles at 0.2 C, with Coulombic efficiency of 99% as well as excellent cycle stability at 1 C, with ≈91% of capacity retention for 500 cycles. Using a new design principle for Li anode interfaces, next‐generation power‐intensive and stable solid‐state Li metal batteries can be developed.
Bioinspired 4D Printed Tubular/Helicoidal Shape Changing Metacomposites for Programmable Structural Morphing
Authors: Le Duigou A. , Grabow M. , Scarpa F. , Deschamps J. , Combescure C. , Labstie K. , Dirrenberger J. , Castro M. , Lafont U.
Published: October 2024

Biological structures combine passive shape‐changing with force generation through intricate composite architectures. Natural fibers, with their tubular‐like structures and responsive components, have inspired the design of pneumatic tubular soft composite actuators. However, no development of passive structural actuation is available despite the recent rise of 4D printing. In this study, a biomimicry approach is proposed with inspiration from natural fiber architecture to create a novel concept of thermally active 4D printed tubular metacomposites. These metacomposites exhibit high mechanical performance and 3D‐to‐3D shape‐changing ability triggered by changes in temperature. A rotative printer is proposed for winding a continuous carbon fibers reinforced PolyAmide 6.I composite on a PolyAmide 6.6 polymer mandrel in a similar manner to the structure of cellulose microfibrils within the polysaccharide matrix of natural fiber cell‐walls. The resulting 4D printed tubular metacomposites exhibit programmable rotation and torque in response to thermal variations thanks to the control of their mesostructure and the overall geometry. Energy density values representing a trade‐off between the rotation and the torque are comparable to shape memory alloys when normalized by stiffness. Finally, a proof of concept for an autonomous solar tracker is presented, showcasing its potential for designing autonomous assemblies for structure morphing.
Customizing H2O‐Poor Electric Double Layer and Boosting Texture Exposure of Zn (101) Plane towards Super‐High Areal Capacity Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Lv Jiaxin , Hong Laixin , Zhang Jiakai , Chen Chunxia , Xu Ao , Huang Miao , Ren Xiubin , Bai Jinbo , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojie
Published: October 2024

The catastrophic dendrite hyperplasia and parasitic reactions severely impede the future deployment of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Controlling zinc orientation growth is considered to be an effective method to overcome the aforementioned concerns, especially for regulating the (002) plane of deposited Zn. Unfortunately, Zn (002) texture is difficult to obtain stable cycling under high deposition capacity resulting from its large lattice distortion and nonuniform distribution in electric field. Herein, different from traditional cognition, a crystallization orientation regulation tactic is proposed to boost Zn (101) texture exposure and inhibit zinc dendrite proliferation during plating/stripping. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate the malate molecules preferentially adsorb on the Zn (002) facet, leading to the texture exposure of distinctive Zn (101) plane. Meanwhile, the −COOH and −OH groups of malate molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the Zn anode surface and chelate with Zn2+, achieving H2O‐poor electrical double layer. Very impressively, the multifunctional malate additive enlists zinc anode to survive for 600 h under a harsh condition of 15 mA cm−2/15 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the symmetric cell harvests highly‐reversible cycling life of 6600 h at 5 mA cm−2/1.25 mAh cm−2, remarkably outperforming the ZnSO4 electrolyte. The assembled Zn//MnO2 full cells also demonstrate prominent electrochemical reversibility.
A Versatile Metal‐Organic‐Framework Pillared Interlayer Design for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Peng , Qiang Jun , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Zhouyang , Xu Ming , Fei Linfeng
Published: October 2024

Developing high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries is a promising way to attain higher energy density at a lower cost beyond the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion battery technology. However, the major issues impeding their practical applications are the sluggish kinetics and the parasitic shuttling reactions of sulfur and polysulfides. Here, pillaring the multilayer graphene membrane with a metal–organic framework (MOF) demonstrates the substantial impact of a versatile interlayer design in tackling these issues. Unlike regular composite separators reported so far, the participation of tri‐metallic Ni−Co−Mn MOF as pillars supports the construction of an ion‐channel interconnected interlayer structure, unexpectedly balancing the interfacial concentration polarization, spatially confining the soluble polysulfides, and vastly affording the lithiophilic sites for highly efficient polysulfide sieving/conversion. As a demonstration, we show that the MOF‐pillared interlayer structure enables outstanding capacity (1634 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and longevity (average capacity decay of 0.034 % per cycle in 2000 cycles) for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Besides, the multilayer separator can be readily integrated into the high‐nickel cathode (LiNi0.91Mn0.03Co0.06O2)‐based lithium‐ion batteries, which efficiently suppresses the undesired phase evolution upon cycling. These findings suggest the potential of “gap‐filling” materials in fabricating multi‐functional separators, bringing forward the pillared interlayer structure for energy‐storage applications.