bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plants, people, politics and management
Authors: Ramnath Madhu
Published: October 2009

This article inserts itself into the ongoing debate over the changing role of State Forest Departments from the traditional task of obtaining revenue for the State through extracting timber and sale of minor forest products, to the emerging identity of protector of wildlife and biodiversity of the forest environment. The article focusses on the adivasi (indigenous) people in the Bastar region of Madhya Pradesh in Central India. It highlights how market forces, regional politics and official conservation policies adversely affect the adivasi people, who inhabit these forests and gain their livelihood from them. Ironically, efforts intended to conserve and protect in many instances instead contribute to increased pressure on the forest.

Major portions of the forests in the region are officially under the authority of the State Forest Department, and many of the adivasi traditional activities, necessary to their livelihood, have been curtailed by law. The article discusses the various areas of conflict/dialogue between the adivasi and the authorities, and the different perceptions of forest space versus land rights. The vegetation of the area and local usage of non‐timber forest products are central themes of the article.
Emerging trends in mining industry partnerships
Authors: Andrews Craig B.
Published: October 2009

The article analyzes mining company partnerships in terms of four main counterparts, namely: the sovereign, owners and financial backers, the workforce, and local communities. The main characteristics of mining partnerships under the four aspects are discussed. Taxation and financial aspects are also considered. Case studies from the British coal industry and examples from Latin America are part of the article. Downsizing and labour relations are also discussed, as well as indigenous peoples' issues. The article concludes that, successful minerals companies in the future will be those that work with communities, applying the highest standards of social responsibility. This includes safety, environmental management and good business ethics.
Large‐scale baseload wind power in China
Authors: Lew Debra J. , Williams Robert H. , Shaoxiong Xie , Shihui Zhang
Published: October 2009

This paper presents a novel strategy for developing wind power in large‐scale (multi‐GW) wind farms in China. It involves combining oversized wind farms, large‐scale electrical storage and long‐distance transmission lines to deliver ‘baseload wind power’ to distant electricity demand centers. Baseload wind power is typically more valuable to the electric utility than intermittent wind power, so that storage can be economically attractive even in instances where the cost per kWh is somewhat higher than without storage.

The prospective costs for this approach to developing wind power are illustrated by modifying an oversized wind farm at Huitengxile, Inner Mongolia. The site has an average power density of 580 W/m2 at 50 m hub heights and is located 500 km north of Beijing. Using locally mass‐produced wind turbines there are good prospects that wind power would be cost‐competitive with coal power, on a lifecycle cost basis, while providing substantial net environmental benefits.

Finally, the institutional challenges related to the prospect of large‐scale wind energy development are addressed. Especially important are policies aimed at developing the capacity for mass production of as much of this technology in China as is feasible. Promising instruments for speeding up the introduction of this technology include: (i) international joint ventures between foreign vendors and developers and Chinese manufacturers; and (ii) wind resource development concessions.
Planning and development strategy for effective management of community forestry: lessons from the Thai experience
Authors: Amornsanguansin Jintana , Routray Jayant K.
Published: October 2009

The forestry laws and regulations imposed by the Thai government to solve chronic deforestation have created conflicts between rural communities and government agencies over the use and control of forest resources. Therefore, the research carried out for this article focused on the study of community‐based forest management practices in the northern region of Thailand to determine whether community‐based forest management can lead to sustainable use and reverse the deteriorating situation and related problem of deforestation.

This study was conducted in a district of Phayao Province in northern Thailand, where a natural watershed has recently been managed jointly among ethnically diverse local communities living in upstream and downstream areas under the promulgation of the National Park Act. Research was based on both secondary and primary sources of data and information. An intensive field survey was also conducted through a standard questionnaire, supplemented by group discussions and informal interviews to understand the historical development of settlements in the study area.

The joint management of the community forest by the community, government and non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) was recommended under the decentralised and participatory planning framework in the study area and also in other areas with similar environmental conditions. Equally important in promoting community forest management were the facilitating role of forest officials, the provision of support services, monitoring and enforcement of control mechanisms, and capacity building of local organisations.
Sustainable coastal resources management: principles and practice
Authors: Turner R.K. , Adger W.N. , Crooks S. , Lorenzoni I. , Ledoux L.
Published: October 2009

Coastal zones are currently experiencing intense and sustained environmental pressures from a range of driving forces. Responsible agencies around the globe are seeking ways of better managing the causes and consequences of the environmental change process in coastal areas. This article discusses the basic principles underpinning a more integrated approach to coastal management, as well as the obstacles to its implementation in both developed and developing countries. The fulfilment of the goal of sustainable utilisation of coastal resources via integrated management is likely to prove to be difficult. Any successful strategy will have to encompass all the elements of management from planning and design through financing and implementation. An interdisciplinary analytical and operational approach is also required, combined with a more flexible and participatory institutional structure and emphasis to account for multiple stakeholders and resource demands. As historical and institutional perspectives as well as socio‐economic and cultural contexts are also important, two case studies (based on UK and Vietnamese experiences) are presented in order to identify arguments and examine these aspects in more detail.
Private sector participation in urban water and sanitation: Realising social and environmental objectives in developing countries
Authors: Johnstone Nick , Wood Libby , Hearne Robert
Published: October 2009

There has been a large increase in private sector participation (PSP) in the urban water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in recent years. However, even with increased PSP, public authorities will still have to: ensure that the service providers do not use their market power to exploit customers; internalise public health and environmental externalities; provide mechanisms whereby water consumption is sustainable and allocated efficiently between alternative uses; and stand as a guarantor of a level of service provision that is consistent with a basic standard of living. While there is considerable literature addressing the first of these four issues, the latter three are rather less adequately addressed. Through a review of a number of case studies (Abidjan, Buenos Aires/Cordoba, Mexico City and Manila), this paper provides an overview of the issues involved and some of the mechanisms available to the authorities responsible for the regulation of the sector.
Golden Genesis and the Teotonio Vilela Foundation: commercializing PV residential electrification with a not‐for‐profit partner
Authors: D'Addario Patrick J.
Published: October 2009

This article presents a case study of a project which provides photovoltaic‐based rural electrification in the state of Alagoas in northeastern Brazil. The project, the Luz do Sol Programme (LdS), was initiated in mid‐1996 by the Golden Genesis Company (Golden) and the Fundação Teotônio Vilela (FTV). The article emphasizes some noteworthy characteristics of the project: the partnership between US commercial and Brazilian philanthropic interests; the financial aspect, a dedicated line of credit requiring only the equipment itself as security; and the local ownership and management of system operations, collections, and routine maintenance.

In 1996, the Golden Genesis Company had developed a central battery charging system to bring the price of electrification within the range of the rural poor; it financed the US content of the systems, with the Bank of the Northeast of Brazil (BN) financing the Brazilian content. The article traces the long and arduous path to establish the programme, including both bureaucratic and technical challenges. These difficulties brought the project to an impasse in August of 1998, and Golden withdrew. FTV then re‐negotiated the agreement with BN, changing the technical approach to individual solar home systems. This improved the situation, and the project has since enjoyed 100% loan repayment rates from the entrepreneurs. In June 1999, BP/Solarex became FTV's new commercial partner. The project currently shows promise of becoming the commercially viable programme originally envisaged by Golden, with commercial and technical decision‐making at the local level.
An fMRI study of auditory hallucinations in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Korsnes Maria Stylianou , Hugdahl Kenneth , Nygård Merethe , Bjørnæs Helge
Published: October 2009

Purpose:  The aim of the study was to investigate behavioral and brain activation in nonpsychotic hallucinating individuals. Auditory hallucinations are reported by patients with epilepsy, although less frequent than visual hallucinations are. If behavioral and neuronal activation patterns in hallucinating patients with epilepsy are found to be similar to what has been found in hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, this would support a unique neuronal representation for auditory hallucinations cutting across diagnostic groups.

Methods:  We report behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from six epilepsy patients experiencing auditory hallucinations compared with six healthy control subjects. The participants had to report which of two simultaneously presented simple speech sounds they perceived on each trial, using a dichotic stimulus presentation mode.

Results:  The results showed that the patients failed to show an expected right ear advantage on the task, and they also showed significantly reduced activation in temporal, frontal, and cingulate cortex areas.

Discussion:  The results are discussed in relation to a view that neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging indices of auditory hallucinations may be orthogonal to diagnostic category and not unique to patients with schizophrenia.
The combination of EEG Source Imaging and EEG‐correlated functional MRI to map epileptic networks
Authors: Vulliemoz Serge , Lemieux Louis , Daunizeau Jean , Michel Christoph M. , Duncan John S.
Published: October 2009

Functional electrophysiologic techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) give insights into the dynamics of the networks involved in the generation of interictal and ictal epileptic activity and their interaction with physiologic brain activity. With recent advances in methodology and clinical validation, EEG source imaging (ESI) may now be used to map epileptic activity as well as evoked responses to external stimuli. By its ability to show hemodynamic changes time locked to epileptic activity in the whole brain, EEG‐correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (EEG‐fMRI) is the natural counterpart of ESI, circumventing some of its limitations, the former adding data from the depths of the brain, and the latter temporal resolution. To better understand the potential and limitations of both techniques, this review starts with a description of the neurophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to the measured signals, followed by validation studies based on comparison with intracranial EEG and surgical outcome. We then discuss analysis strategies to combine both techniques by reviewing studies in epilepsy, current methodologic development, and future directions of this fast‐developing field.
Age‐Related Increase in Atrial Fibrillation Induced by Transvenous Catheter‐Based Atrial Burst Pacing: An In Vivo Rat Model of Inducible Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: XU DONGZHU , MURAKOSHI NOBUYUKI , TADA HIROSHI , IGARASHI MIYAKO , SEKIGUCHI YUKIO , AONUMA KAZUTAKA
Published: October 2009

AF Rat Model Induced by Transvenous Catheter Pacing. Introduction: Large animal models of atrial fibrillation (AF) are well established, but limited experimental reports exist on small animal models. We sought to develop an in vivo rat model of AF using a transvenous catheter and to evaluate the model's underlying characteristics.

Methods and Results: Echocardiogram, surface electrocardiogram (ECG), and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) were recorded at baseline in young (3 months) and middle‐aged (9 months) Wistar rats. AF inducibility and duration were measured through transvenous electrode catheter in young (n = 11) and middle‐aged rats (n = 11) and middle‐aged rats treated with either pilsicainide (1 mg/kg iv, n = 7) or amiodarone (10 mg/kg iv, n = 9). Degrees of interstitial fibrosis and cellular hypertrophy in the atria were assessed histologically. The P‐wave duration and AERP were significantly longer and echocardiographic left atrial dimension significantly larger in middle‐aged versus young rats. AF was inducible in >90% of all procedures in both untreated rat groups, whereas AF inducibility was reduced by the antiarrhythmic drugs. The AF duration was significantly longer in middle‐aged than in young rats and was significantly shortened by treatment with either pilsicainide or amiodarone. Histologic analysis revealed significant increases in atrial interstitial fibrosis and cellular diameter in middle‐aged versus young rats.

Conclusions: Transvenous catheter‐based AF is significantly longer in middle‐aged than in young rats and is markedly reduced by treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. This rat model of AF is simple, reproducible, and reliable for examining pharmacologic effects on AF and studying the process of atrial remodeling.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 88–93, January 2010)
Vanoxerine, a New Drug for Terminating Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Authors: MATSUMOTO NAOMICHI , KHRESTIAN CELEEN M. , RYU KYUNGMOO , LACERDA ANTONIO E. , BROWN ARTHUR M. , WALDO ALBERT L.
Published: October 2009

Vanoxerine Terminates AF and AFL. Background: Vanoxerine produces potent block of cardiac hERG, sodium, and L‐type calcium channels. Block is strongly frequency dependent, is unassociated with transmural dispersion of repolarization, and occurs at concentrations safe in humans. Therefore, we proposed that vanoxerine might be antiarrhythmic. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that vanoxerine would terminate induced atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in dogs with sterile pericarditis (SP).

Methods and Results:
In 9 SP dogs, 11 episodes each of sustained (>10 minutes) AF and AFL were induced. Electrophysiological studies were performed before and after infusion of vanoxerine, which effectively terminated AF and AFL in 19 of 22 episodes. Simultaneous multisite mapping during 3 AF and 3 AFL episodes demonstrated that termination of each arrhythmia occurred with termination of the driver (a reentrant circuit) following an increase in tachycardia CL. Except for conduction in an area of slow conduction in the driver's reentrant circuit, vanoxerine did not significantly affect intraatrial or atrioventricular conduction time, QRS duration, or QT/QTc intervals. Ventricular refractoriness prolonged minimally during ventricular pacing at 400 and 333 ms (176 ± 16 ms to 182 ± 16 ms; 173 ± 11 ms to 178 ± 18 ms, respectively). Vanoxerine minimally increased (mean 0.7 mA) atrial stimulus threshold for capture.

Conclusions:
Vanoxerine effectively terminated induced, sustained AF and AFL in the canine SP model, and produced insignificant or minimal changes in refractoriness, conduction time, or stimulus threshold, consistent with little proarrhythmic risk. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 311–319, March 2010)
Expression of a Common LQT1 Mutation in Five Apparently Unrelated Families in a Regional Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic
Authors: GRAY CHRISTOPHER , GULA LORNE J. , KLEIN GEORGE J. , SKANES ALLAN C. , YEE RAYMOND , SY RAYMOND , SALISBURY BENJAMIN A. , WONG JORGE , CHATTHA ISHVINDER , SUBBIAH RAJESH N. , KRAHN ANDREW D.
Published: October 2009

Expression of a Common LQT1 Mutation. Background: The Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic at the University of Western Ontario services a catchment area of 1.5 million people and follows families with inherited arrhythmia syndromes.

Methods:
Patients referred for evaluation of long‐QT Syndrome (LQTS) are evaluated with resting and standing ECGs, and treadmill exercise testing. Patients with findings consistent with LQTS are offered comprehensive genetic testing with screening of all first‐degree relatives of genotype‐positive patients.

Results:
Among 31 probands with disease‐causing LQTS mutations, 5 probands from apparently unrelated families of Irish descent were found to have an identical disease causing transmembrane mutation in KCNQ1 (Leu266Pro). Systematic screening of 33 first‐degree relatives of genotype‐positive individuals detected 15 unaffected and 18 asymptomatic affected family members. Symptoms in 6 patients occurred later in life than reported LQT1 populations (61 ± 18 years, range 44–89). In this cohort, several family members presented with cardiac arrest during acute myocardial ischemia (n = 2), sudden death, unexplained drowning, and torsade de pointes during exercise testing. There was no identifiable common relative for this cohort after pedigree construction of the previous 4–7 generations. Affected patients had mild QT prolongation at rest with dramatic QT prolongation with exercise.

Conclusions:
Genetic testing in this LQTS population suggests a common KCNQ1 Leu266Pro founder effect, with the descendants clustering in our geographical region even though no common relative has been identified. The observations highlight the utility of genotypic and phenotypic correlation and a specialized clinic. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 296–300, March 2010)
Atrial Fibrillatory Wall Motion and Degree of Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Tissue Velocity Imaging Study
Authors: DE VOS CEES B. , PISON LAURENT , PISTERS RON , SCHOTTEN ULRICH , CHERIEX EMILE C. , PRINS MARTIN H. , DELHAAS TAMMO , CRIJNS HARRY J.G.M. , TIELEMAN ROBERT G.
Published: October 2009

Introduction:
The atrial fibrillation cycle length (AFCL) and the intracardiac atrial electrogram morphology may be used to characterize atrial fibrillation (AF). However, assessment of these parameters requires an invasive electrophysiological study. We assessed clinical and electrophysiological correlates of noninvasive tissue velocity imaging (TVI) of the right and left atrial myocardial fibrillatory wall motion.

Methods and Results:
We performed an electrophysiological study in 12 patients with AF referred for His bundle ablation. Using atrial electrograms, we determined the AFCL (AFCL‐egm) and electrophysiological AF type. Simultaneously, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. We used the TVI traces to determine the cycle length of the atrial fibrillatory wall motion (AFCL‐tvi) and atrial fibrillatory wall velocities (AFV‐tvi). AFCL‐tvi matched very well with AFCL‐egm (r2= 0.98; P < 0.001), both in the left and right atrium. Patients with permanent AF had shorter AFCL‐tvi (155 ± 15 ms vs 216 ± 23 ms; P < 0.001), higher AFCL‐tvi variability, and lower AFV‐tvi compared to patients with paroxysmal AF. Three electrophysiological AF types were found based on the morphology of the electrograms and these related to specific TVI patterns.

Conclusion:
TVI of the atrial fibrillatory wall motion may enhance noninvasive characterization of atrial remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation.
The Nocturnal Ovipositing Behavior of Carrion Flies in Cincinnati, Ohio
Authors: Stamper Trevor , Davis Paula , DeBry Ronald W.
Published: October 2009

Abstract:  The behavioral patterns of nocturnal oviposition represent a window of time that potentially has a large impact on postmortem interval estimations. We investigated the behavioral patterns of carrion flies at night by exposing euthanized rats between sunset and sunrise to see if carrion flies oviposited upon the carrion over two consecutive summers. We investigated urban and rural locations, in both lit and unlit conditions with n = 125. We found that nocturnal ovipositing did not occur in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. We conclude that nocturnal oviposition is an unlikely event in the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Asylum‐seeking children with severe loss of activities of daily living: clinical signs and course during rehabilitation
Authors: Aronsson B , Wiberg C , Sandstedt P , Hjern A
Published: October 2009

Aim:  To investigate whether severe loss of activities of daily living (ADL) in asylum‐seeking children is associated with physical disease or toxic influences and to describe the clinical course during the recovery process.

Methods:  A total of 29 asylum‐seeking children with severe loss of ADL were regularly assessed by physical examinations, laboratory tests and a structured evaluation of their ADL status during rehabilitation.

Results:  A total of 12 children had previously recorded suicide attempts and 21 were recorded to have experienced traumatic events in their country of origin.

The mean time from turning point to recovery was 6 months. Of the study participants, 22 needed enteral feeding and 18 gained weight during recovery. All children had a pulse rate and systolic blood pressure within the normal range. No sign of intoxication or physical disease was identified in laboratory tests or clinical examinations, with the exception of one case of epilepsy.

Conclusion:  Physical disease, pharmacological sedation or anorexia nervosa was not considered to be a probable cause of the loss of ADL in these children. The high rate of psychosocial risk factors and the stressful event of being in an asylum‐seeking process call for further investigation of psychosomatic mechanisms.
Mastoid subperiosteal abscess as a first sign of unnoticed cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Migirov L , Carmel E , Dagan E , Duvdevani S , Wolf M
Published: October 2009

Aim:  To present children who underwent mastoidectomy for congenital cholesteatoma presented as a subperiosteal abscess.

Results:  All seven children (age range 7–14 years, six boys) presented with retroauricular swelling, erythema and fluctuation in the mastoid area, and one child also had a mastoid‐cutaneous fistula. Five children had otorrhoea, while the other two had normal‐appearing tympanic membranes. None of the children had a history of middle ear disease. Four children were treated with antibiotics for a recent episode of otitis media prior to admission. The main findings at surgery were pus, granulations and erosion of the mastoid cortex. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp. were isolated from the abscess in two patients, and the other five cultures were negative. All the patients demonstrated some degree of hearing impairment after surgery.

Conclusion:  Surgical eradication of a mastoid SA in older children is essential as it may be the first indication of an underlying CC.
Multifunctional host defense peptides: antiparasitic activities
Authors: Mor Amram
Published: October 2009

Whereas significant knowledge is accumulating on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of host defense peptides (HDPs) and their synthetic mimics, much less is known of their activities against parasites. A variety of in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic assays suggest that these notorious antimicrobial compounds could represent a powerful tool for the development of novel drugs to fight parasites in the vertebrate host or to complement current therapeutic strategies, albeit the fact that HDPs essentially act by nonspecific mechanisms casts serious doubt on their ability to exert sufficient selectivity to be considered ideal candidates for drug development. This minireview summarizes recent efforts to assess the antiparasitic properties of HDPs and their synthetic derivatives, focusing on two of the most used models –Plasmodium and Leishmania species – for antiparasitic assays against the different development stages.
Plant Community Structure and Conservation of a Northern Peru Sclerophyllous Forest
Authors: Aragón Susan , Woodcock Deborah W.
Published: October 2009

The vegetation near El Bosque Petrificado Piedra Chamana, in the northern Peruvian Andes, is evergreen sclerophyllous forest with significant shrub, epiphyte, and mat components. Important/characteristic genera include Dodonaea, Polylepis, Oreopanax, Oreocallis, Myrcianthes, and the mat‐forming orchid Pleurothallis. A vegetation survey including 12 transects and 240 plots in high‐ and low‐grazed areas documented 96 plant species. Compared with low‐grazed areas, high‐grazed areas had significantly fewer tree species, more herbs, and higher density of individuals. Both grazing categories exhibited high connectedness (as seen in network metrics) and positive biotic associations (nestedness), suggesting facilitation of some species by others, but high‐grazed areas showed greater indications of positive associations (as seen in the C‐score and V‐ratio). These positive biotic associations may relate to the harsh environment and the role of keystone taxa such as Dodonaea viscosa, canopy trees, and mat‐forming elements in moderating conditions and promoting species establishment. Only in the low‐grazed areas was there any indication of competitive interactions (negative C‐score/ less than expected species‐pair occurrence). The shift in sign of the C‐score, from negative in low‐grazed areas to positive in high‐grazed areas, indicates a loss of competitive interactions as a factor influencing community structure where grazing pressure is higher. Conservation of the area's natural resources would be advanced by protection of areas where the vegetation structure is more intact, better controls on grazing animals, and identification of development alternatives that would reduce pressure on the area's unique vegetation.
REVIEW
Authors: Keene Charles H.
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Borrowed Children. Mrs. St. Loe Strachey.
RESEARCH OF INTEREST
Authors: Peterson Louis J. , Whaley Russell F.
Published: October 2009

Yagodich, Georgette, “Evaluating Health Education at the Elementary and Junior High Levels,”

Miller, David, “A Review of Speed‐Reading Theory and Techniques for the Ophthalmologist,”

Perdue, Opal R., and Spielberger, Charles D., “Anxiety and the Perception of Punishment,”

Kleiser, John R., “Application of Psychological Principles to Dental Practice,”

Boissard; Joan M., Fry, R. H., “Streptococcal School Outbreaks: A Method Investigation and Control,”

Reinhart, Richard, “Some Relationships Between Early Rheumatic Fever, Intelligence and Anxiety Scores,”

Fink, Paul Jay, Goldman, Morris J., and Lyons, Irwin, “Morning Glory Seed Psychosis,”

Hobson, B. M., “Review of Pregnancy Diagnosis,”

Busvine, James R., “The Use of Insecticides Versus Other Methods of Controlling Insects of Public Health Importance.”

McCall, Charles E., et al., “An Interstate Outbreak of Salmonellosis Traced to A Contaminated Food Supplement,”

Roberson, Sara, Marion, J. E., and Woodroof, J. G., “Composition of Commercial Peanut Butters,”
Research of Interest
Authors: Peterson Louis
Published: October 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Thomas, L. Eugene, Louis Peterson, Ph.D: “Clothing and Counterculture: an Empirical Study,” Adolescence

Pratt, Lois: “Child Rearing Methods and Children's Health Behavior,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Hildebrand, Milton: “The Character and Skills of the Effective Professor,” Journal of Higher Education

Cartwright, Phillip G., Carol A. Cartwright, and James E. Ysseldyke: “Two Decision Models: Identification and Diagnostic Teaching of Handicapped Children in the Regular Classroom,” Psychology In The Schools

Gochman, David S.: “A Content for Dental Health Education,” International Journal of Health Education
Research of Interest
Authors: Shibuya Ruth R.
Published: October 2009

Williams JGL, Jones JR, Williams B: The chemical control of preoperative anxiety.

Williams JGL et al: The psychological control of preoperative anxiety.

Best JA: Tailoring smoking withdrawal procedures to personality and motivational differences.

Dembroski TM, Pennebaker JW: Reactions to severity and nature of threat among children of dissimilar socioeconomic levels.
Research of Interest
Authors: Shibuya Ruth R.
Published: October 2009

Donovan DM, O'Leary MR: Comparison of perceived and experienced control among alcoholics and nonalcoholics.

Betts FM III: Free schools and self‐concept in adolescents.

Strauss MC, Leesen‐Fireston JK, Starr RH Jr, Ostrea EM Jr: Behavior of narcotics‐addicted newborns.

Rowland NC, Antelman SM: Stress‐induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats: A possible model for understanding human obesity.

Pope KS, Geller JD, Wilkinson L: Fee assessment and outpatient psychotherapy.
Dental Health Education for the Mentally and Physically Handicapped
Authors: Price James H.
Published: October 2009

Dental disease is one of the most common health problems of Americans. It is one of the many health problems that handicapped children have in common with their non‐handicapped peers. Research indicates that handicapped children have significantly more decayed and missing teeth than non‐handicapped students.

Methods of improving the dental health of handicapped children were explored. These methods included teacher education, development of special instruments, development of a directory of dentists who would treat the handicapped, and the role that parents should play in the dental health program. The plight of dental health care in the handicapped will continue unabated until health educators become more active in health education for all segments of the school population.
The Effect of Developmental Disabilities on Mental Health
Authors: Golden Gerald S.
Published: October 2009

Behavioral abnormalities in the developmentally disabled child are usually ascribed to parental mismanagement of a child perceived as abnormal. (Review of the available data points to the existence of primary behavioral abnormalities due directly to the cerebral dysfunction.) This has important implications for parental counseling and management.
Measuring the Effectiveness of a School Health Program: Methods and Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Gilman Susan , Nader Philip R.
Published: October 2009

This study was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The authors wish to acknowledge the teamwork of Mildred Williamson, RN, John Bruhn, PhD, and the Health Services staff of the Galveston Independent School District.
The Health Educator as Death Educator: Professional Preparation and Quality Control
Authors: Crase Darrell
Published: October 2009

Death education appears to be gaining wide acceptance within educational institutions. Much of it is contained within the health education component and taught by health educators. Yet, there is little, if any, evidence of large‐scale attempts to improve and guarantee quality instruction. Attention must now be focused on professional preparation in order to provide competent teachers and to maintain credibility within the death education and counseling area.
A Lesson for Every State from Minnesota's Preschool Screening Program
Authors: Lombard Thomas J.
Published: October 2009

The results of Minnesota's recently mandated screening program show the importance of combining health and developmental screening findings and the limitations of focusing on special education‐related problems. Mandated, comprehensive health screening programs can be economically and effectively implemented in the public school system.
The Evolution of School Health Services: New York and Nationwide
Authors: Buser Bess N.
Published: October 2009

In school health services, three fundamental movements pervade the literature: concern over basic health care, the special needs of the handicapped and the involvement of many specialized disciplines. These themes are quite evident in a review of the laws and regulations over more than 150 years.
Sexual Experience and Responses to a Birth Control Film
Authors: Herold Edward S. , Thomas Roger E.
Published: October 2009

The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between sexual experience and sexual and contraceptive attitudinal responses to a birth control film. A questionnaire was administered immediately before and after showing a birth control film to 103 college females. Subjects were classified into three groups according to their sexual and contraceptive experience. With perceived change measures, it was found that the film reinforced sexual and contraceptive beliefs. Significant group differences were found regarding reinforcement of sexual attitudes but not for contraceptive attitudes.
Child Sexual Abuse: A Review
Authors: Luther Stephen L. , Price James H.
Published: October 2009

The sexual abuse of children is a significant problem in the United States. It is a traditionally touchy subject which has been hidden by cultural stereotypes and taboos. It is only in the last 10, and especially the last 5 years that the true scope and essence of child sexual abuse has begun to be understood. This article reviews the recent literature dealing with child sexual abuse and identifies the role health educators can play in combating this problem.
Most Cited Authors and Publications In Health Education Journals For 1970–79
Authors: Price James H. , Newell Susan , Miller Patricia
Published: October 2009

This study attempted to answer the following questions about the journals Health Education, Health Education Monographs and the Journal of School Health. What authors have been cited the most in health education journals during the decade of the 70s? What authors have been cited the most in each health education journal? What articles and books have been the most cited in health education journal? What have been the most cited articles and books in each health education journal? It was found that the most cited author was L. W. Green, the most cited articles were L. W. Green “Toward Cost‐Benefit Evaluations of Health Education: Some Concepts, Methods and Examples.” Health Education Monographs and S. V. Kasl “Health Behavior, Illness Behavior and Sick‐Role Behavior.” Archives of Environmental Health and the most cited books was School Health Education Study, Health Education: A Conceptual Approach to Curriculum Design. Most cited authors, articles and books varied across the three journals.
News From Health Research: Toward a Better Understanding
Authors: Jacobs Jane A.
Published: October 2009

News about health research findings, especially regarding controversial topics, can seem confusing and conflicting to students and the general public. Many people eventually develop a “turned‐off” attitude toward all health news. Yet medical information is one of the key factors involved in health decisionmaking, because it influences a person's judgment about the potential health impact of a behavior choice.

As part of their health education, youngsters need to learn skills to better understand and evaluate reports of research news, so the information available for health decision‐making will be more complete and accurate. Such news is already abundant in television, radio, newspaper and magazine reports and will continue to increase as research advances, knowledge expands and health “facts” are revised.

This article outlines concepts and skills to help teachers and students understand the changes and controversies in health news. To most effectively use new information generated by medical research, students need to: 1) understand basic concepts about the nature of research and the research process; 2) apply critical thinking approaches to health news; and 3) locate additional health information resources. Generating ways to address these needs is a high priority of the school health education work at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Comments are invited on this approach.
Evaluation of an Activity‐Centered Health Curriculum: Assessment of Cognitive Knowledge
Authors: Brooks Charles H. , Howard Daniel J.
Published: October 2009

This study was to determine how effective an activity‐centered health curriculum was in providing health information to fourth, fifth and sixth‐grade students in the Canton City school system. The assessment was facilitated by a posttest‐only research design. Ten schools were randomly selected to receive a new health program, as compared to a control group of 10 schools which did not. Results indicated that the experimental students achieved significantly higher posttest cognitive knowledge mean scores than the control students. These findings were sustained for each grade level after adjusting for group differences in reading ability.
Life Span Development: Intervention Implications for Concepts of Aging
Authors: Eddy James M. , Pierre Richard W. St. , Alles Wesley F.
Published: October 2009

The life span theory of development is based on the notion that development occurs at all ages. A person's developmental history influences his or her behavior later in life. Following this assumption, the ability of an elderly person to cope with health problems is related to past experience in coping with similar' problems or life events.

The goal of intervention related to life span development serves two purposes: to help individuals overlap positive health behaviors that will be sustained throughout life and to discuss the role and impact of life events on their ability to cope with later problems. The school health program provides an excellent vehicle for achieving these goals.
The Relationship Between Health Risk Attitudes and Behaviors and Parental Presence
Authors: Nolte Ann E. , Smith Becky J. , O'Rourke Thomas
Published: October 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess whether an association exists between a student's attitudes and behaviors about selected health risks, such as weight and smoking behavior, and the presence or absence of one or both parents. Data were collected from 5,411 central Illinois school‐age youth in grades 7–12. Physical measurements were taken on all students. Also, a variety of attitudinal, behavioral and behavioral intention questions relative to risk factors including smoking and weight were developed. Comparisons for these areas were made between students identified as having both parents versus those having none or one parent. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Both a descriptive and chi‐square statistical analysis were utilized. Results indicated that students with none or one parent report significantly higher health risk behaviors than students with both parents. Students with none or one parent reported being more overweight and having a significantly higher smoking rate. The students also reported significantly greater unfavorable attitudes about smoking and weight. While these findings do not imply a cause and effect relationship, it does appear that the students missing one or both parents are at much higher risk than students with both parents. This knowledge can be useful to those involved in intervention efforts. Identifying students at risk allows educators to focus their efforts on such groups. Further implications of the specific findings of this study are discussed.
Instructional Units of Death Education: the Impact of Amount of Classroom Time on Changes in Death Attitudes
Authors: Rublee Dale A. , Yarber William L.
Published: October 2009

The present study sought to provide a better understanding of the impact instructional time devoted to death education had on death attitudes. The study incorporates a three‐group experimental research design with repeated measures. Three experimental groups of college students randomly were assigned to one of three short units of death education. The groups varied in terms of the amount of instructional time they were given. One group received three class sessions of death education, while the other two groups received six and nine classes, respectively. Only in the group that received nine class sessions of death education were death attitudes changed significantly. Such changes occurred on one dimension of death attitudes. Results suggest that very brief units of death education are not effective in changing attitudes. When attitude change is deemed important, the most rational length of time to devote to death education is roughly nine class sessions. Even then, attitudes related to death may be affected only partially.
Students and Drug Abuse, 1974 and 1980
Authors: Ryser Paul E.
Published: October 2009

The paper presents a secondary analysis of students treated in hospital emergency rooms. The comparison of data provided in 1974 and 1980 data reveals a significant increase in the abuse of alcohol with drugs, methaqualone and marijuana. Fifty percent of these students ingested drugs to commit suicide or as a suicide gesture. These data suggest that school health professionals and counselors be alerted to student drug overdoses to assist students confronted with suicidal ideation.
The Effects of a Teacher Training Program in Family Life and Human Sexuality on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Public School Teachers
Authors: Carter Jo A. , Frankel Eric A.
Published: October 2009

This study evaluated the effects of a teacher training program in family life and human sexuality. An attempt was made to determine the extent to which age, sex, race, marital status and years of teaching experience can be used to predict sex‐related attitudes of teachers. Teachers who volunteered for a Title IV‐C Teacher Training Program in Family Living and Human Sexuality were tested before and after the training program using a knowledge test and an attitude inventory. The pretest and posttest scores of the experimental teachers were compared with a control group to assess the degree of change. Results indicated the teachers who participated in the teacher training program made significant gains in sex‐related knowledge. While no changes were evident in overall attitudes, the experimental teachers became more accepting of the practice of masturbation. A major finding in the study was the relationship between age and permissiveness of attitudes toward controversial issues.
Comparative Ratings of Printed Nutrition Materials Developed by Industry and Government Producers
Authors: Holmes Cheryl Lynn , Bunda Mary Anne
Published: October 2009

The question of the appropriateness of using materials developed by industry in the nation's classrooms has been raised by educators for many years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of supplemental, printed nutrition materials developed by the food industry, food industry associations, and government agencies for the classroom. The quality of the materials was rated by three rater types: (1) classroom teachers; (2) curriculum specialists; and (3) nutrition specialists.

Because the ratings were so varied, it was not possible to make a recommendation as to the overall appropriateness of using sponsored materials in the classroom. Some materials were rated very high; others were not so well reviewed. Educators need to review each item for its quality and appropriateness.
When and What if Microcomputers Invaded School Health Education?
Authors: Chen Moon S.
Published: October 2009

Microcomputers could potentially represent the most exciting technological innovation in school health education. Both the technical capabilities and current constraints of microcomputer‐based health education programs were reviewed. Based on this review the relatively economical, convenient, and educationally dynamic features of microcomputers were related to potential health education applications. However, current shortages in appropriate health education software limit the widespread utilization of microcomputers in the health education classroom. When microcomputer‐based health education programs become more extensively available, the teaching of health can be revolutionized. Customized health education involving microcomputer‐generated visual and auditory simulations and the dramatization of students' responses were envisioned. Furthermore, microcomputer‐based health education programs that could be electronically transmitted to the 80% of American homes that will have microcomputers in 1990 will facilitate the provision of life‐long and pervasive health education.
Learned Helplessness: A Model to Understand and Overcome A Child's Extreme Reaction to Failure
Authors: Balk David
Published: October 2009

The author reviews literature on children's reactions to perceived failure and offers suggestions for preventing these reactions. Learned helplessness is a model offered to explain why a child who makes a mistake gives up even though competent to succeed. Sex differences in reactions to failure and feedback about failure from others are reviewed as well as different effects which perceived failure has upon the performances of helpless versus competent children. Attributions regarding success and failure emerge as a significant factor in children's behavior. A workshop format is offered as a form of consulting with classroom teachers concerned over children's extreme reaction to failure.
Working With Non‐Dental Groups to Influence Adoption of Self‐Applied Fluoride Programs in Schools: One Approach
Authors: Dulac Mary H. , Ivory JoAnne , Horowitz Alice M.
Published: October 2009

Although the use of self‐applied fluorides in schools has been proven safe and effective, thousands of children are not benefiting from these procedures. This paper describes a dual promotional approach designed to increase the awareness of the need for school‐based self‐applied fluoride programs. A manned exhibit providing consultation and educational materials was displayed during the entire meeting of a state PTA and was supplemented by a presentation scheduled on the formal program. The workshop participants were parents of school‐age children; most held decision‐making positions in their local PTAs. Results of the workshop to date include: one participant prevented the demise of an established fluoride mouthrinsing program in her community; and the workshop leaders presented the merits of school‐based self‐applied fluoride programs to a local PTA and a county school health council. The same programs were described in a county PTA newsletter. These actions suggest that, given the appropriate information and assistance, parents of school children through their PTA can influence adoption of school‐based fluoride programs. Furthermore, strategies directed toward members of other groups with an interest and decision‐making role in children's health may be effective methods of influencing adoption of school‐based self‐applied fluoride programs and ultimately promoting children's oral health.