bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Land Use Land Cover Change and Soil Erosion Rate in Chure Landscape of Sudurpaschim Province
Authors: Jaishi Padam Prakash , Budhathoki Sagar , Budhathoki Sanchita , Adhikari Lochana
Published: February 2024

Land use land cover, a dynamic process, has become a central component of current strategies in managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. This study adopts an integrated GIS and Remote Sensing approach to assess changes in land use, land cover (LU/LC), and soil erosion rates between 2001 and 2021. Land use maps were generated using supervised classification and the Maximum Likelihood algorithm, while RUSEL factors facilitated soil erosion mapping analysis. The findings underscore a remarkable decrease in 'agricultural land' and 'water,' accompanied by a simultaneous increase in 'settlement area,' 'forest area,' and 'bare land.' Agricultural land witnessed an annual decline of 2.5 percent, while water bodies decreased by 0.65 percent in 2021. Forest areas exhibited a 0.09 percent increment from 2001 to 2021, and settlement areas expanded at a rate of 0.41 percent annually. Notably, agricultural land reduction primarily contributed to the growth of settlement areas. Additionally, soil erosion rates rose from 3.82 (t/ha/year) in 2001 to 4.090 (t/ha/year) in 2021, indicating a correlation between land use change and soil erosion. Factors such as increased settlement, population growth, infrastructure development, riverbank cutting, and erosion were associated with the decline in agricultural land. Effective land use planning in the Churia region is imperative to address these changes. Government intervention and stakeholder cooperation are crucial to curbing forest degradation, unchecked human settlement expansion, and riverbank cutting. Furthermore, the study advocates for the intensified use of GIS and Remote Sensing technologies in monitoring and managing natural resources.
Exploring Factors Influencing Family’s Membership in Community-Based Health Insurance in the City of Gondar Peri-Urban Area, Northwest Ethiopia: A Health Belief Model Approach
Authors: Melkamu Kebede Molla , Melkamu Kebede Molla
Published: February 2024

Background- A research gap exists in finding practical solutions to provide affordable and accessible health insurance coverage to improve CBHI membership and sustainability to people in resource-poor settings and contribute to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in Ethiopia. This research was initiated to analyze the role of health choice to identify significant factors based on the health belief model (HBM) by providing a theoretical framework for understanding individual health-related behavior and developing effective interventions to promote participation in health insurance programs.
Methods- Cross-sectional information was gathered from 358 families, and original facts were utilized. Descriptive and Binary logistics in the econometric model were applied for data analysis. Findings- The descriptive findings demonstrated that except for sex, religion, nuclear family largeness, and job occupation variables, other variables established a significant Consequence. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the distance of the nearest health station from the family’s home in a minute [AOR (95% CI) = .177 (.015, − .399)], being a member of the families having an official position in local government or cultural structure [AOR (95% CI) = .574 (.355, .793)], having an experience of visiting health facilities [AOR (95% CI) = .281 (.166, .396)], and perceiving the local CBHI scheme management as trustworthy [AOR (95% CI) = .404 (.233, .575)] were positively associated with family enrollment in the CBHI scheme. On the other hand, being a member of the “rotating saving and credit association” (ROSCA) [AOR (95% CI) =-.299 (-.478, − .120)] was negatively associated with the family’s enrollment in the CBHI scheme.
Conclusion- Institutional variables, trust in CBHI scheme management, and family’s experience of visiting health facilities and distance from the nearest health station were essential factors influencing enrollment, whereas “Rotating saving and credit association” (ROSCA) º negatively and statistically significantly impacted and income level was not associated with membership.
Ferritin Nanocage-Enabled Detection of Pathological Tau in Living Human Retinal Cells
Authors: Barolo Lorenzo , Gigante Ylenia , Mautone Lorenza , Ghirga Silvia , Soloperto Alessandro , Giorgi Alessandra , Ghirga Francesca , Pitea Martina , Ruocco Giancarlo , Boffi Alberto , Baiocco Paola , Angelantonio Silvia Di
Published: February 2024

Background Tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease and Frontotemporal Dementia, are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, effective treatments and significant advancements in managing symptoms have been challenging to achieve. Accurate diagnosis is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Hyperphosphorylated protein units and tau oligomers are recognized as reliable biomarkers for these conditions. This study introduces an innovative approach using nanotechnology to enhance the diagnostic process for tauopathies. We focus on the development and application of humanized ferritin nanocages, a novel nanoscale delivery system, designed to encapsulate and transport a tau-specific fluorophore, BT1, into human retinal cells, for the detection of neurofibrillary tangles in retinal tissue, a key marker of tauopathies. Results The delivery of BT1 into living cells was achieved through the use of humanized ferritin nanocages, a novel delivery system at the nanoscale. The humanized ferritin nanocages demonstrated efficient encapsulation and delivery of BT1 into retinal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our experiments demonstrated the successful colocalization of BT1 with pathological forms of tau in retinal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, highlighting the potential of this method in identifying tauopathies. Conclusions The employment of ferritin nanocages for the delivery of the BT1 probe represents an important contribution to the field of nanobiotechnology, especially in the context of neurodegenerative disease diagnostics. This method offers a promising tool for the early detection of tau tangles in retinal tissue, with significant implications for improving the diagnosis and management of tauopathies. This study exemplifies the integration of nanotechnology with biomedical science, expanding the frontiers of nanomedicine and diagnostic techniques.
Evidence of eastern rockhopper penguin feeding on a key commercial pelagic arrow squid species
Authors: Guímaro Hugo R. , Thompson David R. , Morrison Kyle W. , Fragão Joana , Matias Ricardo S. , Xavier José C.
Published: February 2024

Cephalopods play an important role in the Southern Ocean marine ecosystem connecting top predators and mid-trophic organisms. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the ecology of cephalopod fauna in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) was applied to study the habitat and trophic ecology of cephalopods in the diet of eastern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) around Campbell Island, a New Zealand sub-Antarctic island. We assessed differences in the cephalopod component between two penguin breeding seasons, 1986-87 and 2012-13. Season 1986-87 showed a more diverse diet (7 vs. 3 species) without differences in size between the common species, Moroteuthopsis ingens and Octopus campbelli. In 2012-13, M. ingens was replaced by the squid Nototodarus sloanii in the penguin diet, suggesting changes in cephalopod biodiversity. Furthermore, δ13C and δ15N values of M. ingens revealed no significant differences between years, indicating stability in habitat and feeding ecology. However, O. campbelli displayed changes in δ13C and δ15N values, suggesting shifts in habitat and feeding habits. Environmental data indicated warmer oceanic temperatures around Campbell Island in 2012-13, possibly supporting the presence of N. sloanii. Our findings suggest changes in cephalopod biodiversity and the penguin diet between the two breeding seasons may have occurred. The presence of N. sloanii, a commercially valuable species, in later years highlights the significance of further research to explore the ecological dynamics between cephalopods and the local marine environment in this region.
Homologous-Magnetic Dual-Targeted Metal-Organic Framework to Improve the Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitor
Authors: Guo Hong , Li Xia , Mao Dengxuan , Wang Hong , Wei Liangyin , Qu Ding , Qin Xiaoying , Li Xiaoqi , Liu Yuping , Chen Yan
Published: February 2024

The insufficient abundance and weak activity of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are two important reasons for the poor efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. The combined administration of tanshinone ⅡA(TSA) and astragaloside IV (As) can up-regulate the abundance and activity of TILs by normalising tumour blood vessels and reducing the levels of immunosuppressive factors respectively. For enhancing the efficacy of PD-1 antibody, a magnetic metal–organic framework (MOF) with a homologous tumour cell membrane (Hm) coating (Hm@TSA/As-MOF) is established to co-deliver TSA&As into the HCC microenvironment. Hm@TSA/As-MOF is a spherical nanoparticle and has a high total drug-loading capacity of 16.13 wt%. The Hm coating and magnetic responsiveness of Hm@TSA/As-MOF provide a homologous-magnetic dual-targeting, which enable Hm@TSA/As-MOF to counteract the interference posed by ascites tumour cells and enhance the precision of targeting solid tumours. Hm coating also enable Hm@TSA/As-MOF to evade immune clearance by macrophages. The release of TSA&As from Hm@TSA/As-MOF can be accelerated by HCC microenvironment, thereby up-regulating the abundance and activity of TILs to synergistic PD-1 antibody against HCC. This study presents a nanoplatform to improve the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in HCC, providing a novel approach for anti-tumour immunotherapy in clinical practice.
Molecular docking and anti-MRSA effects of bioactive compounds from Cymbopogon
Authors: Vinutha M , Manikandan A , Lakshmikanth RN , Shravani S , Divyashree B , Aishwarya K , Nagaraj MM
Published: February 2024

Molecular docking is an effective tool in screening bioactive compounds based on molecular mechanistic values. Efforts were taken to identify and screen plant secondary metabolites against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by means of essential oil (EO) extracted from locally available species of Cymbopogon such as C. flexuosus, C. winterianus and C. martinii. Hydro distillation of EO followed by GCMS characterization was accomplished. The library-generated compounds were docked against penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) (PDB ID: 3ZG5). We targeted PBP2a, a transpeptidase, because it produces high-level resistance to MRSA against β-lactam antibiotics through its expression. Importantly, PBP2a catalyses cell-wall crosslinking in the face of the defy by β-lactam antibiotics. A 100ns MD simulation was conducted to find the stability of the receptor-ligand complex. The anti-MRSA activity against different clinical isolates of MRSA was performed and the genetic similarity between the isolates of MRSA was analysed through RAPD technique which is quick, cost effective and more affordable technique.
Quaternion algebra on 4D superfluid quantum spacetime: the Lorentz gauge is a gate to the invisible world of dark matter and dark energy
Authors: Sbitnev Valeriy
Published: February 2024

Quaternion algebra is used for the description of the motion of material objects in 4D space-time. In the same quaternion basis, the energy-momentum density tensor is also written, accurate to arbitrary scalar fields. Quaternionic generating operators defined in this space being applied repeatedly to the energy-momentum density tensor lead to the gravitomagnetic equations that are parent equations for the series of physical equations ranging from the wave equations up to the quantum mechanical ones. Before finally deducing the gravitomagnetic equations, it is necessary to use the Lorentz gauge at a certain stage to cut off the arbitrary scalar fields. We declare that these superfluous scalar fields, inaccessible to direct observation, represent dark matter and dark energy.
Dark matter manifesting through the Bose-Einstein condensate looks like a time crystal composed of particle-antiparticle pairs.
We show in what way the dark matter can provide a flat profile of the orbital speed of the galaxy's arm rotations.
Relationships between yield and agronomic traits among geographic groups of barley landraces grown under high yielding conditions
Authors: Hoebe P. N. , Alegria-Terrazas R. , Hoad S. P. , Topp C. F.E.
Published: February 2024

Future crop production needs to deliver sustained yield increase in important crops such as barley. Although significant progress has been made over the last century in improving yields, in the last few decades yield improvement has stagnated. Morphological traits related to yield from a wide genetic base can be explored to identify novel variation to support future plant breeding. This includes exploitation of traits and yield association for developing varieties with more consistent yield.
We investigated the strength of the association between yield (grain yield, thousand grain weight) and related agronomic traits (seed number, height, ear number, flag leaf width and length, ear length). This was done among groups of European barley landrace from different geographic origins and Harlan composite cross populations compared to modern cultivars grown under a common high yield test protocol. Relationship of agronomic traits and yield were assessed for each group across environments and years. There were significant relationships between yield and morphological traits among landrace and other groups and between 2 and 6 rowed ear habit.
Traits most strongly associated with grain yield were number of ears, plant height, flag leaf width and seeds per ear.
Grain size as thousand grain weight was correlated with number of ears, ear length, seeds per ear, flag leaf width and plant height.
We conclude that phenotypic relationships between yield and agronomic traits among barley landraces could be exploited for enhancing yield and sustainable production in future barley breeding.
Feasibility of Using Pulse Drip Irrigation for Increasing Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Red Raspberry
Authors: Carroll Jesse L. , Orr Scott T. , Benedict Chris A. , DeVetter Lisa W. , Bryla David R.
Published: February 2024

Pulse irrigation, the practice of applying water in small doses over time, is known to reduce deep percolation and runoff and, relative to irrigating in single continuous applications, can increase plant growth and production by supplying water and nutrients at an optimal rate. The objective of the present study was to determine whether pulse irrigation was beneficial in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Wakefield’). Treatments included continuous or pulse drip irrigation and were evaluated for three growing seasons (2018–20) in a commercial field with silt loam soil. Continuous irrigation was applied up to 4 hours/day, whereas pulse irrigation was programmed to run for 30 minutes every 2 hours, up to eight times/day, using the same amount of water as the continuous treatment. Pulsing improved soil water availability relative to continuous irrigation and, by the second and third year, increased fruit production by 1210 to 1230 kg·ha−1, which, based on recent market prices, was equivalent to $2420 to $2460/ha per year. Much of this yield increase occurred during the latter 3 to 4 weeks of the harvest season and was primarily due to larger fruit size during the second year and more berries per plant during the third year. In 1 or both years, pulse irrigation also produced more canopy cover, larger cane diameters, and higher concentrations of Mg and S in the leaves than continuous irrigation, but it reduced K and B in the soil and had variable effects on sugar-to-acid ratio in the berries. On the basis of these results, pulsing appears to be an effective means of irrigating raspberry plants in sandy or silty loam soils, but more research is needed to determine whether it is useful technique in heavier soil types.
Empowering Second+ Career Female Academics: Strengthening Relationships through Mentoring for Personal and Professional Growth
Authors: Smith Cindy Ann , McLure Felicity , Kuzich Sonja , Ferns Sonia , Murphy Sally
Published: February 2024

Mentoring of early career researchers (ECRs) in universities usually involves older, more experienced researchers providing guidance to younger researchers starting out in their careers. However, for women who enter academia as a second or more career (second +), this type of mentoring may not recognise the experiences these women bring with them or the unique barriers that they encounter. This study is an autoethnographic case study through a relational cultural theory lens of five women who entered academia later in their careers but were classified as ECRs. In order to address the unique challenges confronting them they formed a peer mentoring group. Analysis of group discussions and individual reflections resulted in the identification of common themes of disempowerment, lack of belonging and lack of collegiate relations as they confronted the often-invisible barriers presented by university processes and culture. Sharing of mutual experiences within the peer mentoring group resulted in greater self-awareness of negative self-talk and beliefs, developed understanding of university systems, empowered participants through relational problem solving and supported agency in planning career progression. The increased sense of belonging and self-efficacy that participants felt suggests that peer mentoring, rather than traditional mentoring schemes, may be of greater benefit for other second+ career female academics.
Keywords: mature female academics, mentoring, university relationships, empowerment, early career researcher(s)
Campo léxico-semântico de galego nos dicionários de português europeu. Contributos para a análise da imagem da Galiza em Portugal
Authors: Fonseca Guillermo Vidal , Sanromán Álvaro Iriarte , Pazos-Justo Carlos
Published: February 2024

No imaginário coletivo português, a palavra galego não se limita apenas a designar, como gentílico, os habitantes da vizinha Galiza nem algo a ela relativo. Diferentes investigadores desde o século XX vêm analisando distintos significados do termo e os valores culturais associados em Portugal. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para essa análise com a novidade de examinar as definições de aceções pertencentes ao campo lexical galego num elenco de dicionários portugueses do século XVI até à atualidade. Sob essa premissa, e através dum levantamento da informação contida em cada entrada e da elaboração de tabelas de frequência, será analisado o campo lexical e semântico de galego. Isso vai permitir observar a evolução dos significados ao longo dos séculos, e, por sua vez, identificar os usos pejorativos ou com conotações negativas do termo em Portugal, bem como tornar patente a parcialidade de alguns dicionários no uso das marcas lexicográficas.
Shear buckling of ship structures rectangular elements
Authors: Sukhoterin M. V. , Sosnovskaya A. A. , Pizhurina N. F.
Published: February 2024

In the work to determine the spectrum of critical loads and the corresponding forms of a rectangular clamped panel (plate) buckling under the action of balanced tangential forces on its contour, the Bubnov-Galerkin method using polynomials in two coordinates is proposed. This problem of the ship skin element pure shift does not have an exact closed solution, and the known approximate solutions require an analysis of their accuracy and reliability. The aim of the work is to obtain and analyze analytical solutions using polynomials of various degrees. Approximating deflection functions satisfying all the boundary conditions of the problem are represented sequentially by polynomials of 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th and 18th degrees in two coordinates with undefined coefficients. The solution of the main differential equation of the problem is found approximately in the integral sense, as a result of which homogeneous systems of linear algebraic equations with respect to unknown coefficients of polynomials are obtained. These systems contain a shear load as a parameter. To obtain eigenvalues (critical loads), the determinants of the systems are equated to zero. Numerical results are obtained in the Maple analytical computing system. For each approximation (polynomial), a power equation with respect to the critical load, the solution of which is paired values differing in signs is obtained. The forms of buckling are oblique waves. For a ship skin square panel, the first form of buckling is a single bulge along the diagonal of the panel. The second form is obtained in the form of two bulges directed in opposite directions (symmetrically-antisymmetrically with respect to the diagonals), etc. The numerical results are compared with the results of other authors. It is established that with an increase in the number of the polynomial terms, the initial critical loads and forms of buckling are specified, first of all.
Requirements for the vessels operation at heavy-lift cargoes carriage
Authors: Onishchenko I. S. , Chereysky I. Z. , Gulyaev I. A.
Published: February 2024

The approaches used by different classification societies to standardize calculated acceleration under ship motion during heavy lift cargoes transportation are analyzed in the paper. The methods of estimating the efficiency of securing devices of “non-standardized cargoes” carried on ships are investigated. The analysis of the parameters taken into account in determining the design accelerations at ship motion is carried out. Five representative vessels, which had previously carried heavy lift cargoes under different conditions, are selected. Computer modelling of these vessels motion at different course angles is performed in “SafeSea” programme, and calculated (conditional) amplitudes of motion regulated by the Rules of the Russian Classification Society are determined by “Stabedit” programme. The forced and own periods of onboard rolling are calculated in the specialised software complex “Anchored Structures” at variation of wave modes, loading states and values of metacentric height. The calculation results for representative vessels have shown a satisfactory matching of own and forced rolling periods. It is noted that in the range of 1.5 m ≤ h3 % ≤ 4.5 m for the considered intervals of metacentric height, in most cases the forced rolling periods are slightly longer than the own ones. Based on the results of the research, the recommendations for determination of rolling amplitudes of inland and mixed navigation vessels of “P”, “O”, “M”, “O-PR”, “M-PR”, “M-SP” classes carrying heavy lift cargoes are given. The proposals on standardised design acceleration at motion of a ship carrying heavy lift cargo are also given for the mentioned classes of ships. The results of the research are included in the draft Guidelines for the assignment of design acceleration at rocking of mixed (river-sea) and inland navigation vessels and safety margins of heavy lift cargoes securing systems, developed for the Russian Classification Society
Cyber Warfare as a Use of Force against Third-Party Countries: The Perspective of International Law
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Tareq Hamid
Published: February 2024

The use of force in international relations takes different forms and changes year by year due to the development of cyber technology. The problem mentioned in this study is that the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter) and international law have not considered weapons development and future weapons that may be used in international relations, as Russia has used such weapons during the war against Ukraine. Unfortunately, cyber technologies were used to deter and weaken Ukraine’s chance to gain an advanced result on the ground. Although such cyber operations can cause the same physical damage as other weapons, the international community is still struggling to determine whether using a cyber weapon is considered a use of force. This study argues that cyber attacks against third-party countries that support Ukraine during the war may count as the use of force and a breach of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter.
Mental Health among the Elderly in Nepal: Special Emphasis on Depression
Authors: Risal Ajay , Kunwar Dipak , Shrestha Barsha
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the impact of Depression on the aging population. It also tries to explore the psychosocial risk factors and burden associated with geriatric depression in low-and-middle-income (LAMI) countries. Nepal, a South Asian developing country, is resource-poor and research-naïve. Research, in general, and mental health studies, in particular, are the least prioritized in this country. The lack of culturally adapted psychiatric inventories is one of the possible reasons for the low number of mental health research in Nepal. However, recent studies done at the local and regional levels show a significant load of depressive symptoms among the elderly in Nepal.
Comparison of the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 With That of Medical Students on the Written German Medical Licensing Examination: Observational Study
Authors: Meyer Annika , Riese Janik , Streichert Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI)–based large language models, such as ChatGPT, has gained significant attention in the medical field. This enthusiasm is driven not only by recent breakthroughs and improved accessibility, but also by the prospect of democratizing medical knowledge and promoting equitable health care. However, the performance of ChatGPT is substantially influenced by the input language, and given the growing public trust in this AI tool compared to that in traditional sources of information, investigating its medical accuracy across different languages is of particular importance.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 with that of medical students on the written German medical licensing examination.

Methods

To assess GPT-3.5’s and GPT-4's medical proficiency, we used 937 original multiple-choice questions from 3 written German medical licensing examinations in October 2021, April 2022, and October 2022.

Results

GPT-4 achieved an average score of 85% and ranked in the 92.8th, 99.5th, and 92.6th percentiles among medical students who took the same examinations in October 2021, April 2022, and October 2022, respectively. This represents a substantial improvement of 27% compared to GPT-3.5, which only passed 1 out of the 3 examinations. While GPT-3.5 performed well in psychiatry questions, GPT-4 exhibited strengths in internal medicine and surgery but showed weakness in academic research.

Conclusions

The study results highlight ChatGPT’s remarkable improvement from moderate (GPT-3.5) to high competency (GPT-4) in answering medical licensing examination questions in German. While GPT-4’s predecessor (GPT-3.5) was imprecise and inconsistent, it demonstrates considerable potential to improve medical education and patient care, provided that medically trained users critically evaluate its results. As the replacement of search engines by AI tools seems possible in the future, further studies with nonprofessional questions are needed to assess the safety and accuracy of ChatGPT for the general population.
Investigating the Impact of Prompt Engineering on the Performance of Large Language Models for Standardizing Obstetric Diagnosis Text: Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Lei , Bi Wenshuai , Zhao Suling , Ma Yinyao , Lv Longting , Meng Chenwei , Fu Jingru , Lv Hanlin
Published: February 2024

Background

The accumulation of vast electronic medical records (EMRs) through medical informatization creates significant research value, particularly in obstetrics. Diagnostic standardization across different health care institutions and regions is vital for medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used for various medical tasks. Prompt engineering is key to use LLMs effectively.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of LLMs with various prompt engineering techniques on the task of standardizing obstetric diagnostic terminology using real-world obstetric data.

Methods

The paper describes a 4-step approach used for mapping diagnoses in electronic medical records to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, observation domain. First, similarity measures were used for mapping the diagnoses. Second, candidate mapping terms were collected based on similarity scores above a threshold, to be used as the training data set. For generating optimal mapping terms, we used two LLMs (ChatGLM2 and Qwen-14B-Chat [QWEN]) for zero-shot learning in step 3. Finally, a performance comparison was conducted by using 3 pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERTs), including BERT, whole word masking BERT, and momentum contrastive learning with BERT (MC-BERT), for unsupervised optimal mapping term generation in the fourth step.

Results

LLMs and BERT demonstrated comparable performance at their respective optimal levels. LLMs showed clear advantages in terms of performance and efficiency in unsupervised settings. Interestingly, the performance of the LLMs varied significantly across different prompt engineering setups. For instance, when applying the self-consistency approach in QWEN, the F1-score improved by 5%, with precision increasing by 7.9%, outperforming the zero-shot method. Likewise, ChatGLM2 delivered similar rates of accurately generated responses. During the analysis, the BERT series served as a comparative model with comparable results. Among the 3 models, MC-BERT demonstrated the highest level of performance. However, the differences among the versions of BERT in this study were relatively insignificant.

Conclusions

After applying LLMs to standardize diagnoses and designing 4 different prompts, we compared the results to those generated by the BERT model. Our findings indicate that QWEN prompts largely outperformed the other prompts, with precision comparable to that of the BERT model. These results demonstrate the potential of unsupervised approaches in improving the efficiency of aligning diagnostic terms in daily research and uncovering hidden information values in patient data.
Mobile Health App for Elderly with Functional Impairments Based on Fuzzy KANO Entropy Weighted TOPSIS: Evaluation Method (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Yue , Lou Zhengcai
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile health app applications alleviate the shortage of elderly care services. However, due to the characteristics of the homebound disabled elderly, a more precise classification of their needs is required. Research concerning the evaluation methods for mobile health applications among the homebound disabled elderly remains insufficient.

OBJECTIVE

To address this challenge, this paper proposes an evaluation method based on the fuzzy KANO combined with entropy weight TOPSIS. The proposed fuzzy KANO model enhances the classical KANO model by employing scoring within a specific range, accommodating respondent uncertainty and fuzziness, and accurately discerning user needs. In combination with the entropy weight TOPSIS model, the proposed method effectively assists homebound disabled elderly individuals in addressing their needs.

METHODS

Firstly review of research literature is conducted to assess the needs of homebound disabled elderly individuals. The fuzzy KANO model was applied to classify these needs. Secondly, experts were invited to score satisfaction indicators using the Likert scale. By combining this information with the entropy weight method, objective design element weights were obtained. TOPSIS was then used to determine the importance ranking of each design element.

RESULTS

Finally, it was concluded that Plan C is the optimal design solution. Health and safety, emotional communication, ease of use, convenient services, and information privacy have become important factors for homebound disabled elderly individuals when choosing mobile health app applications.

CONCLUSIONS

This approach is anticipated to offer more reasoned decision support in various other domains as well.
La violencia obstétrica y sus implicaciones legales en México
Authors: Campos Serrano Carolina , Páez Díaz de León Laura
Published: February 2024

Con el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre el derecho a la salud en las prácticas obstétricas y cómo sus efectos negativos producen una violencia de género en los centros de salud en México. Se observa la complejidad de este derecho bajo la óptica de las obligaciones del Estado, previstas en el orden constitucional, tanto de proteger y garantizar como sancionar las violaciones a los derechos humanos. A partir de esto, se sientan las bases para determinar cómo la violencia institucional es un factor determinante que precede a la violencia obstétrica.
La constitucionalización de la doble instancia en el contencioso administrativo chileno
Authors: Harris Moya Pedro
Published: February 2024

De manera reciente, el Tribunal Constitucional chileno ha sancionado la inconstitucionalidad de procesos contenciosos administrativos en única instancia, bajo un control de constitucionalidad abstracto y general. Retrospectivamente, esta declaración supone un giro de su jurisprudencia, que sólo había afirmado un principio de procedencia de la apelación en este ámbito. Prospectivamente, por su parte, se trata de una modificación de un criterio interpretativo susceptible de producir distintos efectos con relación al ejercicio de reclamaciones administrativas. El presente artículo analiza cada uno de estos aspectos, indagando sobre el fundamento de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de la única instancia en el contencioso administrativo. Posteriormente, se proponen diferentes lecturas con relación a la constitucionalidad de las acciones de única instancia en materia contenciosa administrativa.
Nuevos enfoques del federalismo en México, por una mayor preponderancia del orden estatal en materia migratoria
Authors: Rosas Fregoso Roxana
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio es una investigación jurídica desde el derecho constitucional mexicano y la legislación migratoria en México que pretende abrir un canal teórico y de reflexión sobre las implicaciones de la configuración del federalismo mexicano actual y de sus límites constitucionales en los sistemas de competencias legislativas en el ámbito migratorio para preponderar el accionar de las entidades federativas.
The Migration of Mexican Legal Scholars: Causes and Perspectives for the Future
Authors: Centeno García Gerardo
Published: February 2024

This article aims at describing the status of migration of Mexican legal scholars around the world. It defines who a legal researcher is, who performs and gets paid for this activity in Mexico and explains why the most common teaching method in law classrooms (magister dixit), alongside other factors like centralization, drastically hinders the production of original legal knowledge in Mexican law schools. The article presents data obtained through a survey presented to National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) scholarship recipients who studied abroad between 2012 and 2020. With said information, the author asserts that Mexico City students monopolized the scholarships to study abroad during the period in question. Moreover, evidence points out that most students awarded a scholarship came from socioeconomically privileged backgrounds, even though their schools did not produce original legal research. The article concludes with the assessment that the legal education system, the lack of academic professional opportunities and poor wages offered by the academia leave Mexican graduate law students with no other alternative than to join the private sector or effectively remain in the country where they decide to study.
Constitutional and International Approaches on the Use of Police Force in Mexico and the United States
Authors: Contreras Ramírez José Luis , Paz González Isaac de
Published: February 2024

In order to accomplish the aim of this article, we discuss law enforcement in Mexico and the United States from three angles. The international principles approach on the issue, constitutional lines, and several cases from their corresponding Supreme Courts, as well as the existing framework and mechanisms of police procedures for institutional accountability. In the first section, we assume that international standards have a weak influence in shaping domestic approaches to law enforcement. In the second section, we describe how, through case law, constitutional principles expand or restrain police abuse. While in the third one, we deal with internal or external processes and mechanisms of accountability for the police. The analysis of these three aspects is not purely normative, it addresses background elements on how police abuse is defined, instigated, or tolerated, both by institutional and even “legal” practices.
How Effective Are Hybrid Anti-Corruption Agencies in Tackling Political Corruption? The Case of the Commission against Impunity in Guatemala
Authors: Aguirre Fernández Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Literature on political corruption agrees that in contexts with widespread corruption, curbing it through institutions is insufficient. That is, formal rules like laws and anti-corruption agencies are not always obeyed or enforced because individuals regard corruption as the expected behavior. Therefore, some legal mechanisms remain unenforced. In addition, the conventional perspective suggests that fighting corruption is a problem of collective action and lack of civil society engagement. Nonetheless, scholars have ignored the role of international hybrid agencies in tackling this situation. In this article, I will propose elements to fill this gap and demonstrate that the Commission Against Impunity has proven to be an effective means of fighting political corruption and impunity in Guatemala. Similarly, the Commission’s legacy challenges theoretical mainstream anti-corruption theories. Using case study methodology and pursuing a documentary review, I argue that the Commission was competent in tackling impunity, overcoming the collective action dilemma, and encouraging social participation. These outcomes were possible due to the Commission’s institutional design and, to a lesser extent, cooperation between local and international actors.
Narratives and Practices in Pre-Trial Hearings: A Legal Anthropological Approach to Judicial Efficiency
Authors: Vázquez López Ricardo Iván
Published: February 2024

This article aims to shed light on the practical organization of judicial operators in the pre-trial hearings of local Mexico City courts. Firstly, the aim is to describe cognitive, social, and objective formations, both conscious and volitional, linked to achieving the goals of the judicial bureaucracy in the practice of preliminary hearings in the justice system (the distribution, organization, and interpretation of the work) that take place and shape the social-judicial domain. Ethnographic observation and the narratives of agents in this field yield a theoretical framework formed by the actor-network theory, anthropological concepts from Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology and Bourdieu’s ideas of social field to provide a better description of agent practices in the field that produce a judicial “efficiency” that sustains, maintains, and drives the bureaucracy of the justice system, specifically during pre-trial hearings.
Towards a Periodization of Oscar Correas’ Critical Legal Theory
Authors: Romero Escalante Víctor Fernando
Published: February 2024

Óscar Correas is undoubtedly a key figure in Latin American Marxist Critical Legal Theory as a cornerstone of critical legal thought and one of the founders of the “Latin American Critical Legal Theory” [Crítica Jurídica Latinoamericana or CJL] movement. His training as a jurist allowed him to posit legal questions and theories that were fundamental to understandings of reality, overcoming narrow visions of law that had been popularized in social sciences. Correas’ thought underwent changes over the course of new readings and evolving sociopolitical conditions—the crisis of the prevailing Stalinism in the Soviet Union and the irruption of the indigenous movement in México in the form of the Zapatista Liberation Army uprising, to mention two paradigmatic examples—. It should be no surprise that, in the 1990s, Correas would critique and debate the Marxism of Pashukanis. In this sense, I propose the hypothesis of the existence of a “First Correas” and a “Second Correas.” The first, aligned with the Marxism of the critique of political economy (this from the 1970s to the late 1980s), and the second, with a markedly linguistic turn, embracing skepticism, although he never completely abandons Marx’s position (this from the 1990s to until his death in 2020).
La clasificación de información reservada y el derecho a la verdad
Authors: Pérez Cortés Karina
Published: February 2024

Las personas que fueron víctimas directa e indirectamente por violaciones graves de derechos humanos o de delitos de lesa humanidad requieren del derecho a saber la verdad acerca de los abusos que han sufrido de quienes han sido los perpetradores, y la oportunidad de que les sean reparados los daños que han sufrido. La importancia del reconocimiento de este derecho en los Estados y sistemas judiciales radica en conocer y entender las causas que originaron estos abusos, enfrentarlas y prevenir para que éstos no ocurran nuevamente —garantía de no repetición—, evitar la impunidad, preservar la memoria histórica, así como establecer mecanismos de transparencia y rendición de cuentas en las instituciones de impartición de justicia. En la investigación de delitos, la información contenida en las averiguaciones previas —ahora, carpetas de investigación— es considerada como clasificada a menos que se considere, por ley, que éstos son flagrantes violaciones a los derechos humanos o delitos de lesa humanidad. Distintos mecanismos jurídicos en el derecho mexicano ayudan a garantizar el reconocimiento y ac-ceso al “Derecho a la verdad”; una revisión de éstos nos ayudará a identificar lo adecuado que son o las carencias contenidas en ellos a la hora de ejercer este derecho por parte de las víctimas directas e indirectas.
La inteligencia artificial y la responsabilidad internacional de los estados
Authors: Viveros Álvarez Jimena Sofía
Published: February 2024

Este artículo busca proponer soluciones a la encrucijada que representan las tecnologías nuevas y emergentes, particularmente la brecha de responsabilidad que surge por el uso o despliegue de sistemas de armas autónomas dotados de inteligencia artificial. Dado que estos sistemas pueden conseguir sus objetivos sin intervención humana, en caso de que exista un hecho ilícito, imputarle responsabilidad a una persona física y, más aún, a un Estado puede presentar un reto importante. Se analiza el marco normativo de la responsabilidad de los Estados por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos, planteando una posible solución a esta brecha en las normas existentes. Asimismo, se explican las características básicas de la inteligencia artificial que originan el problema de la brecha de responsabilidad. Finalmente, se abordan los casos en que la responsabilidad del Estado puede ser invocada en relación con el uso de inteligencia artificial.
Vigilar al vigilante: transparencia y rendición de cuentas sobre las tecnologías de vigilancia pública en México
Authors: Jasso López Lucía Carmina
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas sobre las tecnologías de vigilancia pública que instalan y gestionan los gobiernos locales y federal en México. A partir del análisis cualitativo, se estudian las expectativas y necesidades de transparencia que la ciudadanía ha manifestado a través de las solicitudes en el Sistema de Acceso a la Información y que pueden ser consultadas en la Plataforma Nacional de Transparencia. En total se sistematizaron y analizaron 2,264 solicitudes, que se registraron del 2008 al 2021. Estas expectativas de transparencia de la ciudadanía se contrastan con la información pública disponible en los portales de las instituciones públicas, para probar la hipótesis de investigación que sustenta que existe una brecha entre las expectativas y necesidades sociales de transparencia en la materia y la rendición de cuentas de las autoridades que ejercen vigilancia con el uso de tecnologías, y que además ésta no responde a los derechos fundamentales que potencialmente se vulneran con este tipo de dispositivos.
Personas indígenas en la televisión: su no discriminación y el derecho a la información de la sociedad
Authors: Álvarez Clara Luz
Published: February 2024

La diversidad de grupos sociales debe estar presente en los medios de comunicación en un sistema democrático. Si bien se ha hecho énfasis en que los pueblos indígenas deben contar con sus propios medios, este artículo argumenta y sustenta que la ausencia o escasa participación y presencia de personas indígenas en medios no indígenas es un tipo de discriminación que atenta también con el derecho a la información de la sociedad. Además, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación del registro de la presencia y participación de indígenas en noticieros y mesas de análisis en la televisión abierta mexicana los cuales muestran que: ninguna persona indígena es presentadora; sólo en un 0.79% de las mesas de análisis invitaron a indígenas y fue para conversar de un tema indígena; la publicidad comercial nunca incluyó a un indígena; la publicidad gubernamental sólo incluyó indígenas como protagonistas en 0.66% y la autopromoción de las televisoras lo hizo en un 0.23%. La existencia de un marco normativo en México de disposiciones constitucionales, legales y de tratados internacionales en relación con medios de comunicación y pueblos indígenas ha sido insuficiente para que la televisión abierta refleje la diversidad y pluriculturalidad de la nación mexicana. Por lo que se pugna porque las voces indígenas se escuchen en medios no indígenas y en cualquier temática, de lo contrario se vulnera el derecho a la información de la sociedad, representa una discriminación por exclusión de indígenas y tiene repercusiones negativas en el debate democrático.
Transparencia y gobernanza. Indicadores de la calidad de la democracia en la colaboración de Fundar en la política de transparencia
Authors: Soto Guerrero Héctor Eduardo
Published: February 2024

El artículo propone examinar la calidad de la democracia a partir de cuatro dimensiones relacionadas con la mejora de funciones en la democracia, usando la gobernanza como herramienta analítica. El objetivo es crear un indicador para analizar el aporte de Fundar a la calidad de la democracia luego de su colaboración en la defensa de la transparencia; el aporte principal es la explicación de las dimensiones que se aplican a la colaboración de Fundar en la transparencia y una escala de colaboración que mide su contribución a la calidad de la democracia. Se concluye que el papel de Fundar en el impulso a la transparencia contribuye a incrementar la calidad de la democracia en México en un nivel medio.