bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-performance photodetector based on an inorganic perovskite–ZnO heterostructure
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Xingwang , Zhang Liuqi , Yin Zhigang , Wang Denggui , Meng Junhua , Jiang Qi , Wang Ye , You Jingbi
Published: June 2017

CsPbBr3/ZnO heterostructure photodetectors exhibit a high photoresponsivity because of the interfacial charge transfer from perovskite to ZnO.
Ladder-type poly(indenofluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)s as efficient gain media for organic lasers: design, synthesis, optical gain properties, and stabilized lasing properties
Authors: Chang Si-Ju , Liu Xu , Lu Ting-Ting , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Pan Jin-Qiang , Jiang Yi , Chu Shuang-Quan , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei
Published: June 2017

A novel set of ladder-type poly(indenofluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)s were designed, synthesized, and explored as efficient gain media for organic lasers.
Goal-Directed Drinking Behaviors Can Be Modified Through Behavioral Mimicry
Authors: Shune Samantha E. , Foster Kayla A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This study tested whether behavioral mimicry can alter drinking behavior. It was hypothesized that participants would increase drinking behaviors given increased confederate drinking but not cup touching.

Methods

Nineteen healthy adults (
M
age
= 20.32 years) completed 2 picture description tasks; during 1 task, a confederate frequently sipped water (
complete
drinking gesture), and during the other, the confederate touched her cup but did not drink (
partial
gesture). Outcome measures included number of drinks per minute, number of cup touches per minute, percentage of time spent drinking, and percentage of time spent touching the cup.

Results

Participants spent more time drinking and had an increased drinking rate during the drinking condition versus the cup-touching condition. For a majority of participants, drinking rate increased during the drinking condition versus baseline. Drinking, but not cup touching, rate also increased given increased confederate cup touching for many.

Conclusions

Mimicry likely contributes to social modeling of drinking behaviors. This effect appears more robust given a complete target gesture (full drink); however, a partial goal-directed drinking gesture may also yield a mimicked response. Beyond the theoretical implications, these results provide directions for research investigating more naturalistic mechanisms for increasing dietary intake in various patient populations (e.g., individuals with dysphagia).
Multimodality Management of Cavernous Sinus Hemangiomas—An Institutional Experience
Authors: Sarma Pragyan , Shukla Dhaval , Bhat Dhananjay , Pandey Paritosh , Somanna Sampath , Chandramouli Ananthakrishna , Srinivas Dwarakanath
Published: June 2017

Objective Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are benign lesions accounting for less than 2% of the cavernous sinus tumors. They provide a formidable surgical challenge because of their vascularity and their being surrounded by critical neurovascular structures. In this study, one of the largest in available literature, we analyze our experience in the management of these unusual tumors and review the available literature.

Materials This is a retrospective analysis of patients who were managed surgically (both microsurgical and Gamma knife radiosurgery [GKRS]) for CSH at our Institution from 2007 to 2015. Complete demographic, clinical-radiologic surgical records were analyzed. Follow-up data were collected from the hospital records.

Results Total 23 patients were managed. Among these, 15 patients underwent microsurgery (group 1) whereas 8 underwent GKRS (group 2). Predominant clinical presentation in both the groups included headache and involvement of multiple cranial nerves. Five patients in group 1 had deteriorating vision. The volume of tumors ranged from 29 to 115 cm3 (mean = 64.57 cm3) in group 1 and from 2.1 to 11.6 cm3 in group 2. GKRS was performed with a mean dose of 13 Gy, an average isodose line of 50% with an average coverage of 96%. In group 1, the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 62 months (mean = 29.4 months). The extraocular movement (EOM) preservation rate in our series was not favorable, as most patients presented late with large tumors and established deficits. Recurrence/residual tumor was seen in two cases. In group 2, the follow-up was 5 to 48 months. All of them showed significant reduction in size.

Conclusion Both surgery and radiosurgery are highly effective in the management of CSHs. They are complementary to each other, with individual characteristics—the size and volume of the lesion—being the main factors in deciding the choice of treatment.
Tibial Onlay Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Surgical Technique and Results
Authors: Nascimento Felipe , Ferreira Aline , Oliveira Luciano , Fogagnolo Fabricio , Kfuri Mauricio , Salim Rodrigo
Published: June 2017

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a fundamental structure in knee kinematics. PCL tears may lead to adverse consequences, such as impaired functional performance and an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Although surgical treatment is a well-established option for the patients of PCL rupture, many surgeons opt for conservative treatment because of the lack of consensus in the orthopedic literature concerning the best surgical method with less risk of iatrogenic lesions to the neurovascular structures in the popliteal region. Here, we describe an onlay technique for PCL reconstruction, which has some advantages over the traditional transtibial and over inlay techniques. The technique described in this study avoids the “killer angle”—frequently considered the cause of laxity of the reconstructed ligament—while simultaneously permitting safe retraction of the neurovascular structures without the need for a change in the patient's position. This technique has been used at our institution for approximately 10 years with very satisfactory results. The aim of this study is to describe the technique and perform a retrospective evaluation of the results of a case series.
Epileptiform Activity in Electroencephalogram of Normal Children
Authors: Alshahawy Azza , El-Shehaby Walid , Darwish Amira
Published: June 2017

Objectives This prospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of epileptiform discharges (EDs) in a cohort of healthy Egyptian children aged 1 to 18 years.

Methods Children with a history of unprovoked seizure disorders, family history of epilepsy, neurological or psychological disorder, or any other chronic illness were excluded. Digital electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded under resting condition for a minimum of 20 minutes including activation methods.

Results The study included 1,382 healthy Egyptian children with no history of unprovoked seizures. Twenty-nine normal children had EDs, which represents 2.1% of total number of studied children. Centrotemporal spikes were detected in 19 children. The prevalence of EDs was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 12 years (3.59%) compared with children aged 13 to 18 years (1.2%) and children aged 1 to 5 years (0.45%).

Conclusions EDs can be observed in nonepileptic normal children. Centrotemporal spikes are the most common epileptiform pattern in EEG of normal children. None of normal children with EDs developed seizures or other neurological disorders during follow-up.
Sagittal Plane Corrections around the Knee
Authors: Dejour David , La Barbera Giuseppe , Pasqualotto Stefano , Valoroso Marco , Nover Luca , Reynolds Ryan , Saffarini Mo
Published: June 2017

Stability of the knee joint depends on soft tissues integrity and bony balance in the frontal and sagittal planes during gait. Although frontal plane imbalance is a well-known knee pathology, commonly treated by high tibial osteotomy, sagittal plane imbalance is less common, with fewer and more challenging surgical treatment options. The purpose of this review is to describe the biomechanical effects of sagittal knee imbalances and to outline the indications, techniques, and outcomes of sagittal knee osteotomies. The article details the reference axes and methods to measure posterior tibial slope (PTS), the principal indicator of sagittal imbalance, and its influence on anteroposterior tibial translations and rotational stability of the joint. The authors also outline the roles of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in maintaining sagittal balance, with focus on the associations between PTS and ligament deficiencies, as well as posterolateral corner injuries. Different techniques and indications of tibial osteotomy in the sagittal plane, both above and below the anterior tibial tubercle, are compared in terms of technical difficulty, clinical benefits, and complication rates. The authors conclude on the importance of understanding sagittal knee imbalance, particularly in cases of ligament deficiencies, where the deformity can be the primary cause for lesions. Surgeons must identify the underlying deformities associated with sagittal imbalance, which can be recognized on weight-bearing X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Different techniques of sagittal osteotomies offer effective treatments for certain indications and should be considered in selected cases for unstable knees with ligament lesions.
Preemptive Analgesia in Thumb Basal Joint Arthroplasty: Immediate Postoperative Pain with Preincision versus Postincision Local Anesthesia
Authors: Ilyas Asif , Labrum Joseph
Published: June 2017

Purpose Currently no guidelines exist for the timing of the injection of anesthetics in surgeries performed under general anesthesia to minimize postoperative pain. To better understand the role of timing of the injection of local anesthesia in hand surgery performed under general anesthesia, we evaluated the effect of pre- versus postincisional local analgesic injection on immediate postoperative pain experience. We hypothesize that the preincisional (preemptive) injection will result in decreased immediate postoperative pain experience and analgesic use when compared with postincisional injection.

Methods Consecutive cases of thumb basal joint arthroplasty performed over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. During the first half of the study period, the surgical site was infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine at the completion of surgery following closure. During the second half of the study period, the surgical site was infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine prior to skin incision. Data collected included patient demographics, immediate postoperative recovery room (PACU) pain scores, and postoperative opioid consumption in morphine equivalents.

Results Two-tailed t-test identified no significant difference between the pre- and postincision cohorts relative to PACU entrance pain scores and time spent in the PACU. PACU exit pain scores were significantly lower in the preincision cohort. The mean PACU pain score was also significantly lower in the preincision cohort. PACU opioid consumption, converted into morphine equivalents, was found to be 211 mg in the preincision versus 299 mg in the postincision cohort.

Conclusion The preincisional (preemptive) injection of local anesthesia was found to result in lower pain scores during and upon exit of the PACU as compared with the postclosure group. In addition, the preincision cohort also trended toward lower opioid consumption while in the PACU. Consideration should be given to the routine use of preincision injection of local anesthesia to maximize pain relief in a multimodal pain strategy in hand surgical patients.

Level of Evidence Therapeutic level III.
Epidemiological Profile of Malignant Brain Neoplasms in the Northern Region of Brazil: data from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer
Authors: Adriano Filho Carlos Eduardo , Pinto Lenon Machado , Jesus Joel Monteiro de
Published: June 2017

Objective Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are considered rare, with an incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Although uncommon, CNS tumors have been gaining epidemiological importance due to their increased incidence and mortality. In Brazil, there is a lack of population research regarding CNS cancer, especially in the Northern region. Thus, the authors aim to trace an epidemiological profile of malignant brain neoplasms in the Northern region from 2001 to 2013.

Methods Data were collected from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (RHC-INCA, in the Portuguese acronym) and stratified according to origin, gender, age, detailed primary location, and histological type. A total of 742 cases were analyzed. Most of the cases came from inland areas, with a male predominance.

Results The most affected age groups were between 0 and 9 years old and between 30 and 49 years old, with an accentuated decrease in incidence starting at the age of 70 years old. The frontal lobe was the most affected area, followed by the temporal and parietal lobes. Astrocytic tumors accounted for 64.3% of cases, followed by embryonal tumors (18.2%), and ependymal tumors (7.4%). Among the astrocytic tumors, astrocytoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), and glioblastoma, NOS corresponded to 82.2% of the cases. Among embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma accounted for 71.9% of the cases.

Conclusion More epidemiological studies in this area, especially in the Northern region, are required to identify risk factors and allow prevention and early diagnosis.
A Novel TSC2 Variant Associated with an Extremely Rare Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding of Focal Megalencephaly
Authors: Jallol Tarek , Chaudhary Mohammed , Muhaish Husam , Mashhour Miral , Baradie Raidah , Mir Ali
Published: June 2017

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is a multisystem genetic disease caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. The neuroradiographic findings of TSC include cortical dysplasia (cortical tubers and cerebral white matter radial migration lines), subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. In this article, we describe an interesting case of TSC with an extremely rare radiographic finding of focal right megalencephaly. Molecular genetic testing detected a heterozygous c.3814+2T>G (p.?) variant, not previously described in the literature. As per the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group guidelines and the findings of the genetic testing, this mutation most probably should be considered as a pathogenic variant. There are few cases of hemimegalencephaly (HME) reported in the literature, associated with TSC. To our knowledge focal megalencephaly is an extremely rare neuroradiographic finding in patients with TSC and has been previously reported only once by Griffiths et al based on clinical diagnostic criteria. Despite the uncommon association, TSC is the only neurocutaneous syndrome with similar histological appearance to HME. It is recognized that the pathological features in TSC and HME are due to abnormal cell proliferation, migration, and organization which could also be a possible mechanism for the development of focal megalencephaly. The uncommon association of HME and TSC with cytological similarities makes us wonder if there could be similarities in the pathogenesis of these two conditions. The advances in molecular genetic testing, increasing use of next-generation sequencing, and discovery of new pathogenic variants could answer some of these questions.
On extending Kohn-Sham density functionals to systems with fractional number of electrons
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Jianfeng , Yang Weitao
Published: June 2017

We analyze four ways of formulating the Kohn-Sham (KS) density functionals with a fractional number of electrons, through extending the constrained search space from the Kohn-Sham and the generalized Kohn-Sham (GKS) non-interacting v-representable density domain for integer systems to four different sets of densities for fractional systems. In particular, these density sets are (I) ensemble interacting N-representable densities, (II) ensemble non-interacting N-representable densities, (III) non-interacting densities by the Janak construction, and (IV) non-interacting densities whose composing orbitals satisfy the Aufbau occupation principle. By proving the equivalence of the underlying first order reduced density matrices associated with these densities, we show that sets (I), (II), and (III) are equivalent, and all reduce to the Janak construction. Moreover, for functionals with the ensemble v-representable assumption at the minimizer, (III) reduces to (IV) and thus justifies the previous use of the Aufbau protocol within the (G)KS framework in the study of the ground state of fractional electron systems, as defined in the grand canonical ensemble at zero temperature. By further analyzing the Aufbau solution for different density functional approximations (DFAs) in the (G)KS scheme, we rigorously prove that there can be one and only one fractional occupation for the Hartree Fock functional, while there can be multiple fractional occupations for general DFAs in the presence of degeneracy. This has been confirmed by numerical calculations using the local density approximation as a representative of general DFAs. This work thus clarifies important issues on density functional theory calculations for fractional electron systems.
Mapping the Drude polarizable force field onto a multipole and induced dipole model
Authors: Huang Jing , Simmonett Andrew C. , Pickard Frank C. , MacKerell Alexander D. , Brooks Bernard R.
Published: June 2017

The induced dipole and the classical Drude oscillator represent two major approaches for the explicit inclusion of electronic polarizability into force field-based molecular modeling and simulations. In this work, we explore the equivalency of these two models by comparing condensed phase properties computed using the Drude force field and a multipole and induced dipole (MPID) model. Presented is an approach to map the electrostatic model optimized in the context of the Drude force field onto the MPID model. Condensed phase simulations on water and 15 small model compounds show that without any reparametrization, the MPID model yields properties similar to the Drude force field with both models yielding satisfactory reproduction of a range of experimental values and quantum mechanical data. Our results illustrate that the Drude oscillator model and the point induced dipole model are different representations of essentially the same physical model. However, results indicate the presence of small differences between the use of atomic multipoles and off-center charge sites. Additionally, results on the use of dispersion particle mesh Ewald further support its utility for treating long-range Lennard Jones dispersion contributions in the context of polarizable force fields. The main motivation in demonstrating the transferability of parameters between the Drude and MPID models is that the more than 15 years of development of the Drude polarizable force field can now be used with MPID formalism without the need for dual-thermostat integrators nor self-consistent iterations. This opens up a wide range of new methodological opportunities for polarizable models.
A comparison of sodium and hydrogen halides at the air-water interface
Authors: Wick Collin D.
Published: June 2017

New molecular models, parameterized to ab initio calculations, were developed to describe HBr and HI at the air-water interface. These were used to compare how the air-water interface influenced dissociation of NaX and HX, with X being Cl, Br, or I, and also their propensity for the interface. The polarizable multistate empirical valence bond method, which explicitly describes proton sharing, was used to model HX. Results showed that the air-water interface suppressed HX dissociation from a contact ion pair to a solvent separated to a greater degree than NaX dissociation. Furthermore, HX had a greater propensity for the interface than NaX, which was a consequence of the hydronium ion having a greatest interfacial activity of all species studied. As a consequence of this, the average configuration of dissociated HX, while in both contact ion and solvent separated ion pairs near the air-water interface, is with the dissociated hydrogen oriented more towards the air than the X atom.
Position error correction of large-aperture aspherical in-position measurement
Authors: Wei Xiang , Li Bing , Chen Lei , Sun Lin , Xin Meiting , Liu Bingcai
Published: June 2017

An improved mathematical model of aspherical in-position measurement calibration is proposed in this paper, including hardware and software methods. The hardware method is used in rough calibration, but it is not precise enough. Then, the software method is chosen to further reduce the error. Simulation experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this improved approach. Lastly, the model is verified through the testing of a concave aspheric surface. The experiment results show that the measurement errors of mirror after data processing can be reduced about 2 μm.
Rapid imaging of misfit dislocations in SiGe/Si in cross-section and through oxide layers using electron channeling contrast
Authors: Mukherjee Kunal , Wacaser Brent A. , Bedell Stephen W. , Sadana Devendra K.
Published: June 2017

Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) is emerging as a technique for rapid and high-resolution characterization of individual crystalline defects in a scanning electron microscope. However, the application of ECCI to semiconductor materials has been limited to bare samples in plan-view geometry. In this paper, two modalities of this technique are demonstrated with relevance to semiconductor manufacturing and failure analysis: (1) The use of ECCI to reveal misfit dislocation defects along a cleaved cross-section of a SiGe compositionally graded buffer grown on Si and (2) plan-view imaging of misfit dislocations in metamorphic SiGe/Si layers covered by amorphous oxide layers, where the partial loss of contrast due to the oxide layers is quantified and the effect of the beam accelerating voltage is studied. These results demonstrate the power of ECCI in inspecting crystallographic defects non-destructively over large areas, which is highly desirable for substrate quality control in manufacturing of products based on crystalline materials.
Onset of three-dimensional flow instabilities in lid-driven circular cavities
Authors: González L. M. , Ferrer E. , Díaz-Ojeda H. R.
Published: June 2017

Three-dimensional instabilities for two circular lid-driven cavities are investigated by a linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations using high order spectral techniques. Two circular geometries have been analysed and compared: a circular cavity with a horizontal top boundary and a circular cavity with a circular lid. Compared to more classic results for squared and rectangular lid driven cavities, the corners of these rounded geometries have been partially or totally removed. Critical Reynolds numbers, neutral curves, and three dimensional structures associated with the least stable modes have been identified by the linear stability analysis and then confirmed by spectral direct numerical simulations. We show that the geometries that present fewer sharp corners have enhanced stability: the circular cavity with a flat lid presents the first bifurcation at (Rec,kc)≈(1362,25) whilst the circular lid bifurcates at (Rec,kc)≈(1438,18), where Rec is the critical Reynolds number based on the cavity diameter and lid tangential velocity, and kc is the spanwise wavenumber. Neutral curves and properties of the leading three-dimensional flow structures are documented, and analogies to instabilities in other lid-driven cavities are discussed. Additionally, we include results for the adjoint problem and the structural sensitivity 3D iso-maps (i.e., wavemaker regions), to show that the cavity corners play a relevant role in the generation of 3D instabilities.
Characterization of microwave plasma in a multicusp using 2D emission based tomography: Bessel modes and wave absorption
Authors: Rathore Kavita , Bhattacharjee Sudeep , Munshi Prabhat
Published: June 2017

A tomographic method based on the Fourier transform is used for characterizing a microwave plasma in a multicusp (MC), in order to obtain 2D distribution of plasma emissions, plasma (electron) density (Ne) and temperature (Te). The microwave plasma in the MC is characterized as a function of microwave power, gas pressure, and axial distance. The experimentally obtained 2D emission profiles show that the plasma emissions are generated in a circular ring shape. There are usually two bright rings, one at the plasma core and another near the boundary. The experimental results are validated using a numerical code that solves Maxwell's equations inside a waveguide filled with a plasma in a magnetic field, with collisions included. It is inferred that the dark and bright circular ring patterns are a result of superposition of Bessel modes (TE11 and TE21) of the wave electric field inside the plasma filled MC, which are in reasonable agreement with the plasma emission profiles. The tomographically obtained Ne and Te profiles indicate higher densities in the plasma core (∼1010 cm−3) and enhanced electron temperature in the ECR region (∼13 eV), which are in agreement with earlier results using a Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnostics.
Electron-phonon coupling in anthracene-pyromellitic dianhydride
Authors: Vermeulen Derek , Corbin Nathan , Goetz Katelyn P. , Jurchescu Oana D. , Coropceanu Veaceslav , McNeil L. E.
Published: June 2017

In this study, the electron-phonon coupling constants of the mixed-stack organic semiconductor anthracene-pyromellitic dianhydride (A-PMDA) are determined from experimental resonant Raman and absorption spectra of the charge transfer (CT) exciton using a time-dependent resonant Raman model. The reorganization energies of both intermolecular and intramolecular phonons are determined and compared with theoretical estimates derived from density functional theory calculations; they are found to agree well. We found that the dominant contribution to the total reorganization energy is due to intramolecular phonons, with intermolecular phonons only contributing a small percentage. This work goes beyond prior studies of the electron-phonon coupling in A-PMDA by including the coupling of all Raman-active phonons to the charge transfer exciton. The possibility of orientational disorder in A-PMDA at 80 K is inferred from the inhomogeneous broadening of the absorption line shape.
A liquid hydrocarbon deuteron source for neutron generators
Authors: Schwoebel P. R.
Published: June 2017

Experimental studies of a deuteron spark source for neutron generators using hydrogen isotope fusion reactions are reported. The ion source uses a spark discharge between electrodes coated with a deuterated hydrocarbon liquid, here Santovac 5, to inhibit permanent electrode erosion and extend the lifetime of high-output neutron generator spark ion sources. Thompson parabola mass spectra show that principally hydrogen and deuterium ions are extracted from the ion source. Hydrogen is the chief residual gas phase species produced due to source operation in a stainless-steel vacuum chamber. The prominent features of the optical emission spectra of the discharge are C+ lines, the hydrogen Balmer Hα-line, and the C2 Swan bands. Operation of the ion source was studied in a conventional laboratory neutron generator. The source delivered an average deuteron current of ∼0.5 A nominal to the target in a 5 μs duration pulse at 1 Hz with target voltages of −80 to −100 kV. The thickness of the hydrocarbon liquid in the spark gap and the consistency thereof from spark to spark influences the deuteron yield and plays a role in determining the beam-focusing characteristics through the applied voltage necessary to break down the spark gap. Higher breakdown voltages result in larger ion beam spots on the target and vice-versa. Because the liquid self-heals and thereby inhibits permanent electrode erosion, the liquid-based source provides long life, with 104 pulses to date, and without clear evidence that, in principle, the lifetime could not be much longer. Initial experiments suggest that an alternative cylindrical target-type generator design can extract approximately 10 times the deuteron current from the source. Preliminary data using the deuterated source liquid as a neutron-producing target are also presented.
Engineered microstructure for tailoring the pyroelectric performance of Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics by 3BaO-3TiO2-B2O3 glass addition
Authors: Srikanth K. S. , Patel Satyanarayan , Steiner Sebastian , Vaish Rahul
Published: June 2017

3BaO-3TiO2-B2O3 (BTBO) glass-added ferroelectric Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BST-BZT) ceramics were synthesized using a conventional solid state reaction route. BTBO glass settled at grain boundaries which has been confirmed from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Such effects were observed to benefit properties like the pyroelectric coefficient from 3.4 × 10−4 C/m2 K (0% glass) to 4.29 × 10−4 C/m2 K (2% by wt. glass) at 303 K. The dielectric constant decreased from 2937 to 2514 with 2% glass addition at 303 K (1 kHz). However, this reduction in dielectric constant increases the pyroelectric figure of merits (FOMs) for high current responsivity (Fi), voltage responsivity (Fv), detectivity (Fd), energy harvesting (Fe), and (Fe*) by 50%, 126%, 49%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, for 2% glass sample as compared with 0% glass at 303 K. Some of the FOMs even surpass the reported FOMs of well-known pyroelectric ceramics.
Graphene-based optically transparent dipole antenna
Authors: Kosuga Shohei , Suga Ryosuke , Hashimoto Osamu , Koh Shinji
Published: June 2017

We fabricated an optically transparent dipole antenna based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer graphene on an optically transparent quartz substrate and characterized its properties in microwave bands. The measurements of the reflection coefficients for the dipole antenna revealed that ∼90% of the microwave power transmitted to the CVD monolayer graphene of the antenna element. By measuring transmission coefficients, we demonstrated that the graphene dipole antenna radiated microwave power around the operational frequency (∼20.7 GHz). The operational frequency of the graphene dipole antenna (∼20.7 GHz) shifted to a higher frequency than that of the Au dipole antenna with the same structure (∼9.2 GHz), which suggests that monolayer graphene behaves not as a metal but as a dielectric material.
Magneto-nanofluid numerical modelling of chemically reactive Eyring-Powell fluid flow towards both flat and cylindrical an inclined surfaces: A comparative study
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Ali Khan Abid , Malik M. Y.
Published: June 2017

An article is made to report the combined effects of both chemical reaction and dual stratification on boundary layer magneto-hydrodynamic Eyring Powell nanofluid flow towards both flat and cylindrical an inclined stretching surfaces under the region of stagnation point along with heat and mass transfer characteristics. The flow situation is carried out by considering physical effects namely, thermal radiation and heat generation. To be more specific, the fluid flow is entertained through no slip condition i-e the velocity of particles is directly related to velocity of surface due to stretching. The physical situation within the real concerned constraints is translated in terms of differential equations as a boundary value problem. To make implementation of computational algorithm possible, firstly the intricate PDE’s are transformed into ODE’s by using suitable transformation, secondly resulting boundary value problem is converted into an initial value problem. These constructed ordinary differential equations are solved computationally by shooting technique charted with Runge-Kutta scheme. The effect logs of involved physical flow parameters are explored with the aid of graphical outcomes and tabular values. A straight line curve fitting way of communication is executed to inspect the impact of both thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter on heat and mass transfer rates. It is found that heat transfer normal to the cylindrical surface shows decline attitude towards both thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters.
Formation energies of native point defects in strained-layer superlattices
Authors: Yu Zhi-Gang , Krishnamurthy Srini
Published: June 2017

The two most desired properties for photo-detection using a strained-layer superlattice (SLS) are high native point defect (NPD) formation energies and absence of mid-gap levels. In this Letter we use first-principles calculations to study the formation energies of NPDs. First we validate the numerical method by comparing the calculated defect formation energies with measured values reported in the literature. Then we calculate the formation energy of various NPDs in a number of InAs-GaSb SLS systems. From the calculated defect formation energies in SLS relative to that in constituent bulk material, the probability of defect presence in SLS can be inferred if we know the growth conditions of SLS with respect to those of the bulk material. Since the defects with much higher formation energy in SLS will be difficult to form, their energy levels in the SLS mini-gap will have little effect on device performance, even if the defect states lie in mid-gap. Together with our calculated defect energy level results, we can identify promising SLS designs for high-performing photodetectors.
Extremely high thermal conductivity anisotropy of double-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ma Zhaoji , Guo Zhengrong , Zhang Hongwei , Chang Tienchong
Published: June 2017

Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that double-walled carbon nanotubes can possess an extremely high anisotropy ratio of radial to axial thermal conductivities. The mechanism is basically the same as that for the high thermal conductivity anisotropy of graphene layers - the in-plane strong sp2 bonds lead to a very high intralayer thermal conductivity while the weak van der Waals interactions to a very low interlayer thermal conductivity. However, different from flat graphene layers, the tubular structures of carbon nanotubes result in a diameter dependent thermal conductivity. The smaller the diameter, the larger the axial thermal conductivity but the smaller the radial thermal conductivity. As a result, a DWCNT with a small diameter may have an anisotropy ratio of thermal conductivity significantly higher than that for graphene layers. The extremely high thermal conductivity anisotropy allows DWCNTs to be a promising candidate for thermal management materials.
Coupled transverse and torsional vibrations in a mechanical system with two identical beams
Authors: Vlase S. , Marin M. , Scutaru M. L. , Munteanu R.
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to study a plane system with bars, with certain symmetries. Such problems can be encountered frequently in industry and civil engineering. Considerations related to the economy of the design process, constructive simplicity, cost and logistics make the use of identical parts a frequent procedure. The paper aims to determine the properties of the eigenvalues and eigenmodes for transverse and torsional vibrations of a mechanical system where two of the three component bars are identical. The determination of these properties allows the calculus effort and the computation time and thus increases the accuracy of the results in such matters.
Electrostatic/magnetic ion acceleration through a slowly diverging magnetic nozzle between a ring anode and an on-axis hollow cathode
Authors: Sasoh A. , Mizutani K. , Iwakawa A.
Published: June 2017

Ion acceleration through a slowly diverging magnetic nozzle between a ring anode and a hollow cathode set on the axis of symmetry has been realized. Xenon was supplied as the propellant gas from an annular slit along the inner surface of the ring anode so that it was ionized near the anode, and the applied electric potential was efficiently transformed to an ion kinetic energy. As an electrostatic thruster, within the examined operation conditions, the thrust, F, almost scaled with the propellant mass flow rate; the discharge current, Jd, increased with the discharge voltage, Vd. An important characteristic was that the thrust also exhibited electromagnetic acceleration performance, i.e., the so-called “swirl acceleration,” in which F≅JdBRa ∕2, where B and Ra were a magnetic field and an anode inner radius, respectively. Such a unique thruster performance combining both electrostatic and electromagnetic accelerations is expected to be useful as another option for in-space electric propulsion in its broad functional diversity.
Enhancing national data to align with policy objectives: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence at finer geographic levels
Authors: Wright Alyson , Lovett Ray , Roe Yvette , Richardson Alice
Published: June 2017

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the utility of national Aboriginal survey data in a regional geospatial analysis of daily smoking prevalence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and discuss the appropriateness of this analysis for policy and program impact assessment.

Methods
Data from the last two Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) national surveys of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey 2014–15 (n = 7022 adults) and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012–13 (n = 10 896 adults), were used to map the prevalence of smoking by Indigenous regions.

Results
Daily smoking prevalence in 2014–15 at Indigenous regions ranges from 27.1% (95%CI 18.9–35.3) in the Toowoomba region in Queensland to 68.0% (95%CI 58.1–77.9) in the Katherine region in the Northern Territory. The confidence intervals are wide and there is no significant difference in daily smoking prevalence between the two time periods for any region.

Conclusion
There are significant limitations with analysing national survey data at finer geographical scales. Given the national program for Indigenous tobacco control is a regional model, evaluation requires finer geographical analysis of smoking prevalence to inform public health progress, policy and program effects. Options to improve the data currently collected include increasing national survey sample sizes, implementing a smoking status question in census surveys, investing in current cohort studies focused on this population or implementing localised surveys.

What is known about the topic?
The last geospatial analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence was undertaken in 1997. Current national survey data have not been analysed geospatially.

What does this paper add?
This paper provides new insights into the use of national survey data for understanding regional patterns and prevalence levels of smoking in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The findings of the study suggest caution when interpreting prevalence maps and highlight the need for greater sample sizes in national survey data. The analysis is also an opportunity to assess the use of national survey data in evaluating the policy impact of programs targeted at a regional level.
Integrity inspection planning updated with cost of risk
Authors: Sokolov Yury
Published: June 2017

The industry expenditure savings motive requires a cost/benefit analysis to optimise Integrity Management budgets. The challenge of estimating precise risk costs requires that numeric Probabilities of Failure (PoF) be known at the highest possible level of confidence, as equipment items specific PoFs govern the actual probability of financial losses and safety implications.
The first-hand information on the equipment actual integrity condition is contained in numeric results of integrity inspections. In practice, these results are seldom analysed statistically, being collapsed into single ‘worst case’ values. This simplification prevents assessing of equipment specific actual PoFs and from quantifying failure risks when using traditional methods.
We developed a new-generation inspection planning and assessment strategy applied to oil and gas pressure equipment. Evaluating equipment PoFs enables assessing risk costs and optimising the budgets, as well as setting justified internal inspection coverage and frequency objectives. This is achieved by a statistical analysis of numeric inspection data. Existing inspection data (such as ultrasonic testing spot-checks) can be used for a first-pass analysis. Statistical plotting of such data automatically visualises the data quality, and the relevant recommendations for improving inspection coverage or tools are drawn where necessary.
We found that two criteria drive integrity decision making: failure total costs and annual fatality expectancies. These criteria are mutually complementary. Both need to be considered for a safe and profitable plant operation. Equipment individual risk control strategy is then developed from safety compliance and budget savings maximising standpoints, thereby also enabling confident design and procurement decisions.
This is a new-generation strategy suitable for bringing together all branches of plant management and for improving confidence of the parties. We see it as an evolutionary update to Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance practice, which is now in high demand due to cost pressures.
Innovative inspection techniques for ultra deepwater drillships and other floating O&G production assets saving costs, enhancing safety, while assuring operational availability and asset integrity
Authors: Davies Peter , Constantinis Danny
Published: June 2017

The Hull Inspection Techniques and Strategy (HITS) Joint Industry Project (JIP), a subgroup of the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Research Forum, called for new methods to be developed that enhance safety, reduce costs and support the assurance of integrated asset management. Hull integrity is critical to enhancing safety and operational effectiveness for production operations, particularly for high-value assets. Good hull integrity requires accurate, relevant hull-inspection data of the internal structure, isolation valves, moonpools, external appendages and positioning systems.
Current methods use divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs); this often disrupts drilling operations and, in the case of divers, is a high but managed risk. HITS JIP called for methods to minimise diver and man intervention in confined spaces. This has now been achieved on several assets while on station, operational and on-hire by an innovative method of conducting inspections from within the hull and using advanced techniques to inspect critical isolation valves, moonpool high-stress areas, thrusters and hull appendages.
Aligning internal and external structural inspections optimises operational availability further and is achieved by means of class-approved ‘long-term inspection plans’ that align the ‘underwater’ scope with other hull inspections and spreads the work over several 5-year cycles. As well as safety enhancements, benefits include over 70% persons on board (POB) reduction on diver under water inspection in lieu of drydocking (UWILD) operations, minimising downtime and operational impact, and high-value inspection data. Further advances in hull inspection have also been proven that eliminate man entry of confined spaces for inspection of ballast and other tanks.
A case study for cost-effective design of relocatable deep dewpoint control gas plant
Authors: Jung Brian , Kritzinger Niel , van Wagensveld Steven , Mak John
Published: June 2017

Australia has significant smaller-capacity gas fields, in relatively remote areas. An economically viable design for the Australian market is a small to mid-size gas plant to produce pipeline-quality gas and recover attractive amounts of liquid products (NGLs) for export by truck.
Such a plant has minimal equipment, is highly modularised to be cost-effective for remote locations with high labour costs, can be relocated, and can be implemented in a substantially shorter time frame than conventional projects.
For the North and South American markets, we have developed a deep dewpointing process that combines high NGL recovery with simplicity of design, yet is flexible enough to accommodate a range of compositions and flow rates. This design is well suited for standardisation of small to medium-size gas plants where feed gas compositions may vary and capacity increases are not well known. A short implementation schedule provides first-to-market economic benefits.
We have developed 3rd Generation ModularisationSM that is proven to significantly reduce a plant’s footprint compared with more traditional modularisation practices. This new approach makes it possible to design a gas processing facility as transportable modules that can be built in the most cost-effective location, are low cost to install and may be relocated in the future. This has been demonstrated in a recent project completed in 2015 for Shell in Canada.
This paper presents the solution for the Australian market that combines the benefits of high gas liquids recovery with low investment, delivered in compact relocatable modules that enable very flexible field development strategies.
Learning and development from the world's first operating subsea compression system
Authors: Yeaw S. , Storstenvik A. , Vesterkjaer R.
Published: June 2017

After years of development, qualification and engineering, subsea compression technology is now a proven solution to increase the recovery factor for offshore gas developments. The first subsea compression system was installed at the Åsgard field in the Norwegian Sea, which started up successfully on 17 September 2015. This represents an important milestone for the oil and gas industry because, apart from representing the successful development of new subsea processing technologies, subsea compression also proves itself a viable alternative field development option to oil and gas operators. This paper shares the experiences of Aker Solutions on the Åsgard subsea compression project, from the design and the project execution phases up to the operational phase, highlighting key learnings. In addition, the paper outlines the ongoing development activities to optimise the compression system delivered for Åsgard, with particular focus on unit size and weight optimisation without requiring any qualification activities of new technologies. This new-generation subsea compression system will extend the applicability of this technology to a much wider range of fields and offshore regions.