bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TritonSort
Authors: Rasmussen Alexander , Porter George , Conley Michael , Madhyastha Harsha V. , Mysore Radhika Niranjan , Pucher Alexander , Vahdat Amin
Published: February 2013

We present TritonSort, a highly efficient, scalable sorting system. It is designed to process large datasets, and has been evaluated against as much as 100TB of input data spread across 832 disks in 52 nodes at a rate of 0.938TB/min. When evaluated against the annual Indy GraySort sorting benchmark, TritonSort is 66% better in absolute performance and has over six times the per-node throughput of the previous record holder. When evaluated against the 100TB Indy JouleSort benchmark, TritonSort sorted 9703 records/Joule. In this article, we describe the hardware and software architecture necessary to operate TritonSort at this level of efficiency. Through careful management of system resources to ensure cross-resource balance, we are able to sort data at approximately 80% of the disks’ aggregate sequential write speed.

We believe the work holds a number of lessons for balanced system design and for scale-out architectures in general. While many interesting systems are able to scale linearly with additional servers, per-server performance can lag behind per-server capacity by more than an order of magnitude. Bridging the gap between high scalability and high performance would enable either significantly less expensive systems that are able to do the same work or provide the ability to address significantly larger problem sets with the same infrastructure.
Worsening of central sleep apnea at high altitude—a role for cerebrovascular function
Authors: Burgess Keith R. , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Shepherd Kelly , Dawson Andrew , Swart Marianne , Thomas Kate N. , Lucas Rebekah A. I. , Donnelly Joseph , Peebles Karen C. , Basnyat Rishi , Ainslie Philip N.
Published: February 2013

Although periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude occurs almost universally, the likely mechanisms and independent effects of altitude and acclimatization have not been clearly reported. Data from 2005 demonstrated a significant relationship between decline in cerebral blood flow (CBF) at sleep onset and subsequent severity of central sleep apnea that night. We suspected that CBF would decline during partial acclimatization. We hypothesized therefore that reductions in CBF and its reactivity would worsen periodic breathing during sleep following partial acclimatization. Repeated measures of awake ventilatory and CBF responsiveness, arterial blood gases during wakefulness. and overnight polysomnography at sea level, upon arrival (days 2–4), and following partial acclimatization (days 12–15) to 5,050 m were made on 12 subjects. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) increased from to 77 ± 49 on days 2–4 to 116 ± 21 on days 12–15 ( P = 0.01). The AHI upon initial arrival was associated with marked elevations in CBF (+28%, 68 ± 11 to 87 ± 17 cm/s; P < 0.05) and its reactivity to changes in PaCO2 [>90%, 2.0 ± 0.6 to 3.8 ± 1.5 cm·s−1·mmHg−1 hypercapnia and 1.9 ± 0.4 to 4.1 ± 0.9 cm·s−1·mmHg−1 for hypocapnia ( P < 0.05)]. Over 10 days, the increases resolved and AHI worsened. During sleep at high altitude large oscillations in mean CBF velocity (CBFv) occurred, which were 35% higher initially (peak CBFv = 96 cm/s vs. peak CBFv = 71 cm/s) than at days 12–15. Our novel findings suggest that elevations in CBF and its reactivity to CO2 upon initial ascent to high altitude may provide a protective effect on the development of periodic breathing during sleep (likely via moderating changes in central Pco2).
Reading the Tea Leaves of Tumor-Mediated Immunosuppression
Authors: Orentas Rimas J.
Published: February 2013

Polyphenol E, available as Polyphenon E, is a green tea extract whose activity can be benchmarked to the presence of specific catechins such as epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG). Herein, Polyphenon E is shown to reverse myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity, linking the activity of a natural product extract to cell-mediated immunity. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 955–7. ©2012 AACR.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1α Is a Central Negative Regulator of Vascular Senescence
Authors: Xiong Shiqin , Salazar Gloria , Patrushev Nikolay , Ma Minhui , Forouzandeh Farshad , Hilenski Lula , Alexander R. Wayne
Published: February 2013

Objective—

Cellular senescence influences organismal aging and increases predisposition to age-related diseases, in particular cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Senescence is associated with telomere and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, implying a potential causal role of PGC-1α in senescence pathogenesis.

Approach and Results—

We generated a PGC-1α
+/–
/apolipoprotein E
–/–
mouse model and showed that PGC-1α deficiency promotes a vascular senescence phenotype that is associated with increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and reduced telomerase activity. PGC-1α disruption results in reduced expression of the longevity-related deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the antioxidant catalase, and increased expression of the senescence marker p53 in aortas. Further, angiotensin II, a major hormonal inducer of vascular senescence, induces prolonged lysine acetylation of PGC-1α and releases the PGC-1α–FoxO1 complex from the SIRT1 promoter, thus reducing SIRT1 expression. The phosphorylation-defective mutant PGC-1α S570A is not acetylated, is constitutively active for forkhead box O1-dependent SIRT1 transcription, and prevents angiotensin II–induced senescence. Acetylation of PGC-1α by angiotensin II interrupts the PGC-1α–forkhead box O1–SIRT1 feed-forward signaling circuit leading to SIRT1 and catalase downregulation and vascular senescence.

Conclusions—

PGC-1α is a primary negative regulator of vascular senescence. Moreover, the central role of posttranslational modification of PGC-1α in regulating angiotensin II–induced vascular senescence may inform development of novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating age-associated diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
“Our Corner of the World”
Authors: Mayne Alan
Published: February 2013

This essay reviews urban history research in Australia, arguing that as the field has developed since the 1970s it has become increasingly interdisciplinary and outward looking. The essay draws attention to analysis that has focused on the vernacular forms of past social life, and argues that by adding complexity to this approach a useful research pathway can be developed through which to study the reference points used by people to frame and preserve their local habitats. In doing so the essay also introduces three other articles in this issue that discuss important overlapping areas of current research by urban historians in Australia.
Relationship between arterial stiffness and variability in systolic blood pressure during a single clinic visit in patients with hypertension
Authors: Masugata Hisashi , Senda Shoichi , Inukai Michio , Himoto Takashi , Hosomi Naohisa , Imachi Hitomi , Murao Koji , Okada Hiroki , Goda Fuminori
Published: February 2013

Objective

To examine factors affecting systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability during a single clinic visit, in treated hypertensive patients.

Methods

Hypertensive patients were recruited to this observational study. Blood pressure was measured using an automated blood pressure monitor when each patient arrived at the outpatient clinic and again when they saw the physician. Mean SBP and SBP variability during a single clinic visit were calculated. The cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI), as a marker of arterial stiffness, was also measured.

Results

A total of 57 treated hypertensive patients (mean age 71 years) were included in the study. The mean SBP was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.457), while SBP variability was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.383), CAVI ( r = 0.330), and glycosylated haemoglobin ( r = 0.345) and triglyceride levels (r = 0.299).

Conclusion

Variability in SBP during a single clinic visit showed better correlations with arterial stiffness and risk factors for atherosclerosis than did mean SBP. Large SBP variability during a single clinic visit may reflect progression of atherosclerosis, in treated hypertensive patients.
Association Between Anticipatory Grief and Problem Solving Among Family Caregivers of Persons With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Fowler Nicole R. , Hansen Alexandra S. , Barnato Amber E. , Garand Linda
Published: February 2013

Objective: Measure perceived involvement in medical decision making and determine if anticipatory grief is associated with problem solving among family caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment. Method: Retrospective analysis of baseline data from a caregiver intervention ( n = 73). Multivariable regression models testing the association between caregivers’ anticipatory grief, measured by the Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS), with problem-solving abilities, measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised: Short Form (SPSI-R: S). Results: 47/73 (64%) of caregivers reported involvement in medical decision making. Mean AGS was 70.1 (± 14.8) and mean SPSI-R: S was 107.2 (± 11.6). Higher AGS scores were associated with lower positive problem orientation ( p = .041) and higher negative problem orientation scores ( p = .001) but not other components of problem solving—rational problem solving, avoidance style, and impulsivity/carelessness style. Discussion: Higher anticipatory grief among family caregivers impaired problem solving, which could have negative consequences for their medical decision making responsibilities.
Relation of Red Cell Distribution Width With CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kurt Mustafa , Tanboga Ibrahim Halil , Buyukkaya Eyup , Karakas Mehmet Fatih , Akçay Adnan Burak , Sen Nihat
Published: February 2013

Background:

Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to be helpful in predicting adverse long-term events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, to date, no study has been conducted on the relationship between RDW and thromboembolism risk in atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between RDW and CHA2DS2-VASc score used for the evaluation of thromboembolism risk in patients with AF.

Methods:

The study population consisted of 320 patients with AF. We calculated CHA2DS2-VASc risk score for each patient and baseline hemoglobin, white blood cell, RDW, mean platelet volume, platelet counts, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left atrial volume index (LAVi) were measured.

Results:

High CHA2DS2-VASc score group had higher RDW, lower LVEF, higher LAVi, and lower eGFR values when compared to the low CHA2DS2-VASc score group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis performed to predict high CHA2DS2-VASc scores revealed that RDW eGFR, LVEF, and LAVi were independent predictors. The area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve of RDW was 0.65 (0.59-0.71, P < .001) to predict high CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Conclusion:

Our study results indicate that RDW values are significantly correlated with CHA2DS2-VASc score in nonanemic patients with AF, while also being independent predictor of high CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Icelandic adolescents: Do parental education levels and family structure play a part?
Authors: Eidsdóttir Sigridur Þ. , Kristjánsson Álfgeir l. , Sigfúsdóttir Inga D. , Garber Carol E. , Allegrante John P.
Published: February 2013

Aims: To investigate whether the secular trend in the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among 16- to 20-year-old adolescents in Iceland varied by levels of parental education and family structure. Methods: Odds ratios were calculated from repeated population-based, cross-sectional surveys comprising cohorts of 16- to 20-year-old Icelandic adolescents attending junior colleges in 1992 ( n=4,922), 2004 ( n=11,031), 2007 ( n=11,229), and 2010 ( n=11,388). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height and categorised as normal weight or overweight and obese, and examined in relation to parental education level and family structure. Results: The odds of being overweight increased by 2.62 and 1.71 for boys and girls respectively over each of the survey time points. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased across all three subgroups (low, medium, and high) of parental education level. The probability of overweight across all years were consistently the highest for youths with parents in the low-education category followed by middle-educated and high-educated parental background ( p<0.05). The gap in overweight and obesity trends between respondents’ parental education backgrounds increased over time and was generally explained more by the fathers’ education than by the mothers’ education ( p<0.05). Family structure was not associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our data. Conclusions: Differences in parental levels of education are associated with accelerating trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity among 16- to 20-year-old adolescents in Iceland.
Effects of Lotteries on Response Behavior in Online Panels
Authors: Göritz Anja S. , Luthe Susanne C.
Published: February 2013

To examine the effects of lotteries on response behavior, five experiments were conducted in a nonprofit online panel. The type of lottery offered for study participation was a cash lottery, a voucher lottery, or a lottery of surprise gifts of either known or unknown value. The control group was not offered a lottery. Dependent measures were response, retention, and several facets of response quality. None of the lotteries significantly increased response, retention, or response quality. However, looking at effect sizes reveals a pattern across the five experiments that can inform and refine the practice of employing lotteries in nonprofit online panels. This pattern suggests that lotteries are more effective with panelists low in motivation than high in motivation.
Wide Boulevards, Narrow Visions
Authors: Kling Samuel
Published: February 2013

Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett’s 1909 Plan of Chicago unveiled a comprehensive vision for a street system designed to beautify the city, segregate traffic, and provide for easy circulation. In the planners’ view, these attributes would create an environment attractive to business and uplifting to workers. Over the next two decades, the Chicago Plan Commission, an advisory board chartered by the city to implement the Plan, confronted two major challenges to this vision: first, the widespread adoption of the automobile—unanticipated by the Plan, and second, the shifting goals and methods of the officials charged with carrying out the Plan. In the face of these developments, the Chicago Plan Commission radically redefined its street plans to accommodate automobiles, often in contrast to the Plan’s proposals—prompting protest from Edward Bennett and others. As a result, the Commission fired Bennett in 1929, signaling the Commission’s turn away from the Plan’s vision and toward a new view of the role of the street in the city.
Smart instrumented training ranges: bringing automated system solutions to support critical domain needs
Authors: Sadagic Amela , Kölsch Mathias , Welch Greg , Basu Chumki , Darken Chris , Wachs Juan P. , Fuchs Henry , Towles Herman , Rowe Neil , Frahm Jan-Michael , Guan Li , Kumar Rakesh , Cheng Hui
Published: February 2013

The training objective for urban warfare includes acquisition and perfection of a set of diverse skills in support of kinetic and non-kinetic operations. The US Marines (USMC) employ long-duration acted scenarios with verbal training feedback provided sporadically throughout the training session and at the end in a form of an after-action review (AAR). The inherent characteristic of training ranges for urban warfare is that they are the environments with a high level of physical occlusion, which causes many performances not to be seen by a group of instructors who oversee the training. We describe BASE-IT (Behavioral Analysis and Synthesis for Intelligent Training), a system in development that aims to automate capture of training data and their analysis, performance evaluation, and AAR report generation. The goal of this effort is to greatly increase the amount of observed behavior and improve the quality of the AAR. The system observes training with stationary cameras and personal tracking devices. It then analyzes movement and body postures, measures individual and squad-level performance, and compares it to standards and levels of performance expected in given situations. An interactive visualization component delivers live views augmented with real-time analytics and alerts; it also generates a personalized AAR review in a three-dimensional virtual or mixed reality environment, indexed by automatically extracted salient events and accompanied by summary statistics of unit performance. The approaches presented in the system have the potential to radically change the analysis and performance assessment on physical training ranges and ultimately this type of training itself.
Transcriptional analysis of the effect of exogenous decanoic acid stress on Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Liao Guojian , Liu Qing , Xie Jianping
Published: February 2013

Backgroud

Daptomycin is an important antibiotic against infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Its production critically depends on the addition of decanoic acid during fermentation. Unfortunately, decanoic acid (>2.5 mM) is toxic to daptomycin producer, Streptomyces roseosporus.

Results

To understand the mechanism underlying decanoic tolerance or toxicity, the responses of S. roseosporus was determined by a combination of phospholipid fatty acid analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and RNA sequencing. Assays using fluorescent dyes indicated a sharp increase in reactive oxygen species during decanoic acid stress; fatty acid analysis revealed a marked increase in the composition of branched-chain fatty acids by approximately 10%, with a corresponding decrease in straight-chain fatty acids; functional analysis indicated decanoic acid stress has components common to other stress response, including perturbation of respiratory functions (nuo and cyd operons), oxidative stress, and heat shock. Interestingly, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes coding for components of proteasome and related to treholase synthesis were up-regulated in the decanoic acid –treated cells.

Conclusion

These findings represent an important first step in understanding mechanism of decanoic acid toxicity and provide a basis for engineering microbial tolerance.
Performance of two rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis at the China-Myanmar border area
Authors: Yan Juan , Li Nana , Wei Xu , Li Peipei , Zhao Zhenjun , Wang Lili , Li Siying , Li Xiaomei , Wang Ying , Li Shuying , Yang Zhaoqing , Zheng Bin , Zhou Guofa , Yan Guiyun , Cui Liwang , Cao Yaming , Fan Qi
Published: February 2013

Background

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become an essential tool in the contemporary malaria control and management programmes in the world. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two commonly used RDTs for malaria diagnosis in the China-Myanmar border area.

Methods

A total 606 febrile patients in the China-Myanmar border were recruited to this study and were diagnosed for malaria infections by microscopy, two RDTs tests (Pf/Pan device, and Pv/Pf device) and nested PCR.

Results

Malaria parasites were found in 143 patients by microscopy, of which 51, 73, and 19 were Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infections, respectively. Compared to microscopy, the sensitivity of the Pf/Pan device was 88.6% for P. falciparum and 69.9% for P. vivax with the specificity of 90.4%. For a subset of 350 patients, the sensitivity of the Pf/Pan device and Pv/Pf device for detection of P. falciparum was 87.5% and 91.7%, respectively; and for detection of P. vivax was 72.0% and 73.8%, respectively. The specificity of the Pf/Pan device and Pv/Pf device was 94.3% and 96.5%, respectively. Nested PCR detected malaria parasites in 174 of 606 samples, of which 67, 79, two and 26 were P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infections, respectively. Compared to nested PCR, all other methods had sensitivity below 80%, suggesting that a significant number of cases were missed.

Conclusions

Compared to PCR, both microscopy and RDTs had lower sensitivities. RDTs had similar performance to microscopy for P. falciparum diagnosis, but performed worse for P. vivax diagnosis. Other RDT products should be selected with higher sensitivity (and good specificity) for both P. falciparum and P. vivax diagnosis.
Improved assay to detect Plasmodium falciparum using an uninterrupted, semi-nested PCR and quantitative lateral flow analysis
Authors: Ongagna-Yhombi Serge Y , Corstjens Paul , Geva Eran , Abrams William R , Barber Cheryl A , Malamud Daniel , Mharakurwa Sungano
Published: February 2013

Background

A rapid, non-invasive, and inexpensive point-of-care (POC) diagnostic for malaria followed by therapeutic intervention would improve the ability to control infection in endemic areas.

Methods

A semi-nested PCR amplification protocol is described for quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum and is compared to a traditional nested PCR. The approach uses primers that target the P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene.

Results

This study demonstrates that it is possible to perform an uninterrupted, asymmetric, semi-nested PCR assay with reduced assay time to detect P. falciparum without compromising the sensitivity and specificity of the assay using saliva as a testing matrix.

Conclusions

The development of this PCR allows nucleic acid amplification without the need to transfer amplicon from the first PCR step to a second reaction tube with nested primers, thus reducing both the chance of contamination and the time for analysis to < two hours. Analysis of the PCR amplicon yield was adapted to lateral flow detection using the quantitative up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter technology. This approach provides a basis for migration of the assay to a POC microfluidic format. In addition the assay was successfully evaluated with oral samples. Oral fluid collection provides a simple non-invasive method to collect clinical samples.
Residential proximity to industrial combustion facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case–control study
Authors: Pronk Anjoeka , Nuckols John R , De Roos Anneclaire J , Airola Matthew , Colt Joanne S , Cerhan James R , Morton Lindsay , Cozen Wendy , Severson Richard , Blair Aaron , Cleverly David , Ward Mary H
Published: February 2013

Background

Residence near municipal solid waste incinerators, a major historical source of dioxin emissions, has been associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in European studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate residence near industrial combustion facilities and estimates of dioxin emissions in relation to NHL risk in the United States.

Methods

We conducted a population-based case–control study of NHL (1998–2000) in four National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results centers (Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles, Seattle). Residential histories 15 years before diagnosis (similar date for controls) were linked to an Environmental Protection Agency database of dioxin-emitting facilities for 969 cases and 749 controls. We evaluated proximity (3 and 5 km) to 10 facility types that accounted for >85% of U.S. emissions and a distance-weighted average emission index (AEI [ng toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ)/year]).

Results

Proximity to any dioxin-emitting facility was not associated with NHL risk (3 km OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.3). Risk was elevated for residence near cement kilns (5 km OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.8-3.3; 3 km OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.1-14.0) and reduced for residence near municipal solid waste incinerators (5 km OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; 3 km OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-1.4). The AEI was not associated with risk of NHL overall. Risk for marginal zone lymphoma was increased for the highest versus lowest quartile (5 km OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.8; 3 km OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3).

Conclusions

Overall, we found no association with residential exposure to dioxins and NHL risk. However, findings for high emissions and marginal zone lymphoma and for specific facility types and all NHL provide some evidence of an association and deserve future study.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Single-wall carbon nanohorns inhibited activation of microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide through blocking of Sirt3
Authors: Li Lihong , Zhang Jinqian , Yang Yang , Wang Qiang , Gao Li , Yang Yanlong , Chang Tao , Zhang Xingye , Xiang Guoan , Cao Yongmei , Shi Zujin , Zhao Ming , Gao Guodong
Published: February 2013

Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) have been demonstrated to accumulate in cytotoxic levels within organs of various animal models and cell types, which emerge as a wide range of promising biomedical imaging. Septic encephalopathy (SE) is an early sign of sepsis and associated with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality. Microglia activation plays an important role in neuroinflammation, which contributes to neuronal damage. Inhibition of microglia activation may have therapeutic benefits, which can alleviate the progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, we investigated the functional changes of mice microglia cell lines pre-treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced by SWNHs. To address this question, the research about direct role of SWNHs on the growth, proliferation, and apoptosis of microglia cell lines in mice (N9 and BV2) pre-treated with or without LPS had been performed. Our results indicate that the particle diameter of SWNHs in water is between 342 to 712 nm. The images in scanning electron microscope showed that SWNHs on polystyrene surface are individual particles. LPS induced activation of mice microglia, promoted its growth and proliferation, and inhibited its apoptosis. SWNHs inhibited proliferation, delayed mitotic entry, and promoted apoptosis of mice microglia cells. The effects followed gradually increasing cultured time and concentrations of SWNHs, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. SWNHs induced a significantly increase in G1 phase and inhibition of S phase of mice microglia cells in a dose-manner dependent of SWNHs, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. The transmission electron microscope images showed that individual spherical SWNH particles smaller than 100 nm in diameters were localized inside lysosomes of mice microglia cells. SWNHs inhibited mitotic entry, growth and proliferation of mice microglia cells, and promoted its apoptosis, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. SWNHs inhibited expression of Sirt3 and energy metabolism related with Sirt3 in mice microglia cells in a dose-dependent manner, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. The role of SWNHs on mice microglia was implicating Sirt3 and energy metabolism associated with it.
Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy complicating non-diabetic renal disease among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhuo Li , Zou Guming , Li Wenge , Lu Jianhua , Ren Wenwen
Published: February 2013

Background

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) have risen rapidly in the past few decades and have become an economic burden to the healthcare system in China. DN is a major complication of DM and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The occurrence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in diabetic patients has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It is generally believed that it is difficult to reverse DN, whereas some cases of NDRD are readily treatable and remittable. However, DN is known to co-exist with NDRD in a poorly defined population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study estimated the prevalence of co-existing DN and NDRD in Chinese patients.

Methods

Data were retrospectively analyzed from 244 patients with T2DM who had undergone a renal biopsy between January 2003 and December 2011 at the Nephrology Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China. Male patients numbered 151 (61.9%) of the study population. The biopsies were performed because urinary abnormalities or renal function were atypical of a diagnosis of DN. Biopsy samples were examined using light, immunofluorescence (IF) and electron microscopy (EM). Clinical parameters were recorded for each patient at the time of biopsy.

Results

Nineteen of 244 diabetic patients (7.8%) had co-existing DN and NDRD. These patients showed clinical features and pathologic characteristics of DN, including a high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (89.5%), a long duration of diabetes, increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial expansion. However, they also presented with clinical findings which were inconsistent with DN, such as hematuria, rapidly progressive renal failure and marked proteinuria. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy was apparent in 10 out of the 19 patients (52.6%), tubulointerstitial lesions were found in four patients (21.1%), membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in three patients (15.8%) and membranous nephropathy (MN) in two patients (10.5%).

Conclusion

Retrospective analysis of biopsy data suggests that approximately 8% of Chinese patients with T2DM may have co-existing DN and NDRD. The most common histological diagnosis in our small series was IgA nephropathy.
Fifteen years of GH replacement improves body composition and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Elbornsson Mariam , Götherström Galina , Bosæus Ingvar , Bengtsson Bengt-Åke , Johannsson Gudmundur , Svensson Johan
Published: February 2013

Objective

Few studies have determined the effects of more than 5–10 years of GH replacement in adults on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.

Design/patients

In this prospective, single-center, open-label study, the effects of 15 years of GH replacement on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were determined in 156 hypopituitary adults (93 men) with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD). Mean age was 50.5 (range 22–74) years at study start. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

The mean initial GH dose of 0.55 (s.e.m. 0.03) mg/day was gradually lowered to 0.40 (0.01) mg/day after 15 years. The mean serum IGF1 SDS increased from −1.53 (0.10) at baseline to 0.74 (0.13) at study end (P<0.001 vs baseline). Lean soft tissue (LST) increased to 3% above the baseline level at study end (P<0.001). After a 9% decrease during the first year of treatment (P<0.001 vs baseline), body fat (BF) started to increase and had returned to the baseline level after 15 years. Serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased and serum HDL-cholesterol level increased. Fasting plasma glucose increased from 4.4 (0.1) at baseline to 4.8 (0.1) mmol/l at study end (P<0.001). However, blood HbA1c decreased from 5.0 (0.1) to 4.6 (0.1) % (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Fifteen-year GH replacement in GHD adults induced a transient decrease in BF and sustained improvements of LST and serum lipid profile. Fasting plasma glucose increased whereas blood HbA1c was reduced.
Evaluation of Patient Enrollment in Oncology Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors: Biessen Diane A.J. , Cranendonk Merlijn A. , Schiavon Gaia , Holt Bronno , Wiemer Erik A.C. , Eskens Ferry A.L.M. , Verweij Jaap , Jonge Maja J.A. , Mathijssen Ron H.J.
Published: February 2013

Introduction.

For anticancer drug development, it is crucial that patients participate in early-phase clinical trials. The main aim of this study was to gain insight into the motivations and other variables influencing patients in their decision to participate in phase I oncology trials.

Materials and Methods.

Over a period of 25 months, all patients who were informed about (specific) phase I trials in our cancer center were retrospectively included in this study. Data on providing informed consent and final phase I enrollment were collected.

Results.

In total, 365 patients, with a median age of 59 years and a median World Health Organization performance status score of 1, were evaluated. The majority of patients (71%) were pretreated with systemic therapy, with a median of two lines. After specific study information had been given, 145 patients (40%) declined informed consent, 54% of them mainly because of low expectations regarding treatment benefits and concerns about potential side effects. Patients who had received previous systemic therapy consented more frequently than others. After initial consent, 61 patients (17%) still did not receive study treatment, mostly because of secondary withdrawal of consent or rapid clinical deterioration prior to first dosing.

Discussion.

After specific referral to our hospital for participation in early clinical trials, only 44% of all patients who were informed about a specific phase I trial eventually participated. Reasons for both participation and nonparticipation were diverse. Patient participation rates could be improved by forming an experienced and dedicated study team.
Coronally Advanced Flap Alone or With Connective Tissue Graft in the Treatment of Single Gingival Recession Defects: A Long‐Term Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kuis Davor , Sciran Ivana , Lajnert Vlatka , Snjaric Damir , Prpic Jelena , Pezelj‐Ribaric Sonja , Bosnjak Andrija
Published: February 2013

Background: Numerous surgical approaches for the treatment of single gingival recession (GR) defects are documented in the literature. The aim of this 5‐year, split mouth–design, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone versus CAF with connective tissue graft (CAF+CTG) in the treatment of single Miller Class I and II GR defects.

Methods: Thirty‐seven patients with 114 bilateral, single Miller Class I and II GR defects were treated with CAF on one side of the mouth and CAF+CTG on the other side. Clinical measurements (GR length [REC], keratinized tissue width [KT], complete root coverage [CRC], and percentage of root coverage [PRC]) were evaluated before surgery and after 6, 12, 24, and 60 months.

Results: There was a significant reduction of REC and increase of KT after surgery in both groups. CAF+CTG showed significantly better results for all evaluated clinical parameters in all observed follow‐up periods. Miller Class I defects showed better results in terms of REC, CRC, and PRC, whereas Miller Class II showed better results in KT, both in favor of CAF+CTG. Miller Class I defects showed better results than Miller Class II GR defects regardless of the surgical procedure used.

Conclusions: Both surgical procedures were effective in the treatment of single Miller Class I and II GR defects. The CAF+CTG procedure provided better long‐term outcomes (60 months postoperatively) than CAF alone. Long‐term stability of the gingival margin is less predictable for Miller Class II GR defects compared to those of Class I.
Corn Yield Response to the Solar Corridor in Upstate Missouri
Authors: Nelson Kelly A.
Published: February 2013

The solar corridor uses ultra wide‐row (152‐cm) corn (Zea mays L.) and reduced seeding rates to maximize photosynthesis of lower leaves and maintain or increase yield potential of the crop. But in common practice, seeding rates for corn have increased and row spacing decreased for early canopy development to maximize light interception, reduce weed interference, reduce herbicide applications and costs, and maintain conservation compliance. However, wide rows help manage disease in some instances. Relay‐intercropping within the corn solar corridor may be an option. However, farmers must take into account crop management and harvest considerations for the system to be practical and economically viable. Research conducted in 2005, 2006, and 2011 evaluated corn hybrid response in 76‐ and 152‐cm (solar corridor) row spacings. Although grain yields were similar for both row spacings in 2005, yields were 2.8 Mg ha−1 (39%) greater in 76‐cm rows than in 152‐cm wide rows in 2006. In 2011, 76‐cm single‐row corn yielded 1.3 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 (14–31%) more than 152‐cm row spacing. In all 3 yr, grain moisture, protein, and starch concentration showed limited differences. Challenges encountered using the solar corridor must be addressed for the system to be consistent and successful.
Resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from sewage sludge in comparison with those isolated from human patients in 2000 and 2009
Authors: Reinthaler Franz Ferdinand , Galler Herbert , Feierl Gebhard , Haas Doris , Leitner Eva , Mascher Franz , Melkes Angelika , Posch Josefa , Pertschy Brigitte , Winter Ingrid , Himmel Wilhelm , Marth Egon , Zarfel Gernot
Published: February 2013

For some time now, antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been found in the human population, in foods, in livestock and wild animals, as well as in surface waters. The entry of antibiotics and resistant bacterial strains into the environment plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. The goal of the present study was to monitor the entry of antibiotic resistances into the environment through the contamination of wastewater. To assess the extent of transmission of antibiotic resistances from human sources into the environment, the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from human patients have been compared to those found in strains isolated from sewage sludge. Our results may indicate if resistances to particular antibiotics are more prone than others to spread into the environment. To monitor the increase of specific resistances over time, samples taken in the years 2000 and 2009 were analysed. Our study shows that for some antibiotics a parallel development of resistance patterns has taken place in both patient and environmental samples over time. For other sets of antibiotics, independent developments have occurred in the samples. A clear increase of multi-resistant E. coli strains over time was observed in samples from both sources.
Tubulointerstitial Nephropathies in HIV-Infected Patients over the Past 15 Years
Authors: Zaidan Mohamad , Lescure François-Xavier , Brochériou Isabelle , Dettwiler Sarah , Guiard-Schmid Jean-Baptiste , Pacanowski Jérôme , Rondeau Eric , Pialoux Gilles , Girard Pierre-Marie , Ronco Pierre , Plaisier Emmanuelle
Published: February 2013

Background and objectives

The therapy and outcome of HIV infection have dramatically changed over the last 15 years, resulting in a change in renal complications. This study analyzed the characteristics of HIV-infected patients and biopsy-proven tubulointerstitial nephropathies to define disease patterns and therapeutic implications.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A clinico-pathologic retrospective study of 59 consecutive renal biopsies showing predominant tubular and/or interstitial lesions in HIV-infected patients referred to the nephrology department between 1995 and 2011 was performed. HIV-associated nephropathy and vascular diseases were excluded from the study.

Results

Tubulointerstitial nephropathies accounted for 26.6% of 222 native renal biopsies performed in HIV-infected patients. Two pathologic groups were analyzed, tubulopathy and interstitial nephritis, which represented 49% and 51% of tubulointerstitial nephropathies, respectively. Most patients presented with AKI (76.3%) and high-grade proteinuria (57.7%). Drug-related nephrotoxicity was the leading cause (52.5%). Alternative etiologies included infections (15.2%), dysimmune disorders (8.5%), malignancies (3.4%), and chronic (10.2%) and acute (10.2%) tubulointerstitial nephropathies of undetermined origin. Tubulopathy was strongly associated with antiretroviral drug toxicity (75.9%) and mostly caused by tenofovir (55.2%), which was associated with proximal tubular dysfunction (87.5%), overt Fanconi’s syndrome (37.5%), and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (12.5%). Interstitial nephritis was associated with a broader spectrum of pathologic lesions and etiologies.

Conclusions

In this series, tubulointerstitial nephropathies accounted for 26.6% of renal diseases in HIV-infected patients. Considering the therapeutic implications of diagnoses of drug toxicity, infection, and dysimmune syndromes, this study underscores the importance of monitoring renal parameters in HIV-infected patients and points to the relevance of kidney biopsy to allow an accurate diagnosis.
(MIS)Translating U.S. Southwest History
Authors: Imhoff Brian
Published: February 2013

Historians of the U.S. Southwest invariably rely on English-language translations of original Spanish documents for their interpretive work. However, a philological approach to the Spanish documents reveals all manner of translator shortcomings, some of which negatively impact the historical record. I document one such instance pertaining to the early history of Texas and argue that the failure to adhere to sound philological practice has produced an inaccurate historical canon. Data are taken from a Spanish expedition diary from the late 17th-century and from unpublished archival sources pertaining to it.
Use of the laboratory tests of soil modulus in modelling pile behaviour
Authors: Dyka Ireneusz
Published: February 2013

This article deals with the question of theoretical description of behaviour of a single pile rested in a layered soil medium. Particular attention is paid to soil modulus which is used in calculation method for pile load-settlement curve. A brief analysis of the results obtained by laboratory tests to assess soil modulus and its nonlinear variability has been presented. The results of tests have been used in triaxial apparatus and resonant column/torsional shear device. There have also been presented the results of load-settlement calculation for a single pile under axial load with implementation of different models of soil modulus degradation. On this basis, possibilities of using particular kinds of laboratory tests in calculation procedure of foundation settlement have been presented as well as further developments of them.
Gepsus: simulation-based decision making system for air pollution accidents
Authors: Stojanović Radovan , Škraba Andrej , Berkowicz Simon , Amicis Raffaele De , Elhanani Doron , Conti Giuseppe , Kofjač Davorin , Dragović Marko , Lekić Nedjeljko , Nikolić Gojko
Published: February 2013

We describe a GIS-based real-time system for emergency response and management of air pollution accidents in an urban area. The system architecture emphasises the integration of meteorological, chemical and GIS data, dispersion modeling, decision-making and geo-spatial visualization. The threat zones, unsafe areas and safe traffic routes are obtained using an improved Gaussian plume model with a decision-making module and then exported to the Google Earth browser via “kml” file format. Several simulation scenarios were conducted and verified for notable industrial sites in Montenegro using recorded meteorological data. The results demonstrate that emergency response authorities can use the proposed methodology and system as a cost effective and accurate support tool in case of industrial or deliberate air pollution incidents.
Lychnothamnus Barbatus (Meyen) Leonh. – Rediscovered In Shalow Lake Šventininkai (Lithuania) After 50 Years
Authors: Sinkevičiene Zofija , Urbaitė-Maževič Neringa
Published: February 2013

Lychnothamnus barbatus, which in Lithuania occurs northernmost in Europe, was identified in 4 lakes: Balsys, Mažasis Gulbinu, Vygris and Šventininkai. The aim of the paper was to present the recent vegetation, habitat conditions, abundance and co-occurring plant species in shallow Lake Šventininkai. L. barbatus population was rediscovered after 50 years. It was recorded in 1823 and 1960, but it has not been detected later on during scattered investigations until now. Recent vegetation of Lake Šventininkai is a typical of eutrophic lakes with the domination of Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis and rarely - L. barbatus. The submerged communities are represented by 7 associations. L. barbatus was distrib­uted at the depth of 1.1-2.1 m. Nitellopsis obtusa, Chara globularis, Chara contraria were the most common, co-occurring species of I. barbatus. Lake Šventininkai is a unique, very shallow (average depth <3 m) lake with re-established L. barbatus population after its total decline in strongly polluted lake waters following the lake’s self-purification. The presented data are important for the restoration of the status of the protected area and management of this territory.
Modulating Effect of Propolis and Bee Pollen on Chicken Breeding Parameters and Pathomorphology of Liver And Kidneys in the Course of Natural Infection with Salmonella Enteritidis
Authors: Babińska Izabella , Kleczek Katarzyna , Szarek Józef , Makowski Włodzimierz
Published: February 2013

The liver and kidneys of broilers fed during the first two weeks of fattening a fodder containing the addition of 0.025% propolis and/or 0.5% pollen were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Additionally, the effects of these substances on the results of breeding and on pathomorphology of the liver and kidneys in the course of natural, asymptomatic infection with Salmonella Enteritidis were determined. The results demonstrated that propolis has protective effects on the liver of broiler chickens, reducing the intensity of regressive lesions. However, regarding supplementation of the diet with bee pollen, additional research on its effects in animals is needed.
Molecular Detection of Bartonella Sp. in Wild Ruminants and Analysis of its Genetic Diversity on the Basis of 16S–23S Rrna Intergenic Spacer (ITS)
Authors: Adamska Małgorzata
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to describe the state of infection of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by Bartonella sp. in North-Western Poland through PCR detection of Bartonella 16S-23S rRNA ITS region in isolates of animal tissues, and also to describe the genetic diversity of detected Bartonella species based on molecular analysis of ITS. The multiple alignment analysis of ITS sequences was carried out, and homology matrices and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The DNA of Bartonella sp. was detected in tissues of 45.6% (36/79) C. capreolus and of 50% (15/30) C. elaphus. Products of two different sizes were detected: 317 bp, characteristic for B. schoenbuchensis, and 198 bp, characteristic for B. bovis. The obtained results suggest that roe and red deer are potential reservoirs of Bartonella sp. Most of the analysed ITS sequences was not specific for one host species. In constructed phylogenetic trees, sequences obtained from roe and red deer clustered together. These results suggest a lack of host specificity of most detected B. schoenbuchensis and B. bovis intraspecies strains
In-House Validation of Multiplex PCR Method for Detection of Clostridium Botulinum in Food and Feed
Authors: Grenda Tomasz , Kukier Elżbieta , Sieradzki Zbigniew , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to perform an in-house validation of multiplex PCR method for C. botulinum detection in food and feed samples. The study was carried out on food and feed matrixes artificially contaminated by spores of C. botulinum reference strains. The following characteristic parameters for qualitative detection were estimated: limit of detection expressed as LOD50 according to the Spearman-Kärber formula, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy according to the PN-EN ISO 16140:2004. The validated method showed high specificity. Specific PCR products were revealed only for DNA obtained from samples contaminated with C. botulinum spores. PCR inhibition was observed, especially during examination of contaminated feed. The calculated LOD50 for feed was nearly 10 times higher than for food. The implemented method enables to obtain test results during 3 d without time- consuming process of isolation and proving the ability of strains to produce botulinum toxins.