bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of air pollutant impacts on rice yields in China by sector
Authors: Xu Jiayu , Dong Xin , Zhang Tianyi , Liu Junfeng , Tao Shu
Published: April 2022

Air quality management is a complex project involving the coordination of multiple sectors and has been identified as an important strategy for food security. However, little is known about how pollutant emissions from each sector affect agriculture. Each sector emits different precursors, resulting in varying impacts of their pollutants and aerosol-climate on rice yield. Therefore, we provide an assessment of air pollution impacts, including direct ozone damage and aerosol-climate effects, on rice yield in four sector (industrial, energy, domestic, and transportation) emission scenarios in China. Our results suggest that without anthropogenic emissions, a reduced surface ozone concentration leads to a 9.8% increase in rice yield; lower aerosol concentrations induce an additional 2.3% increase, leading to a combined 9.7% greater rice yield. Of the four sectors, industrial sector emission control is projected to be the most effective, with 4.4% rice yield gain from ozone reductions and 0.6% from aerosol reductions. The impacts of the energy and transportation sectors are relatively low, resulting in 2.1% (energy sector) and 0.7% (transportation) yield increases on average. The domestic sector has few emissions of ozone precursors; therefore, aerosol-climate effects are more dominant, resulting in a yield increase of 0.9%. These results indicate the importance of reduced emissions in the industrial sector for future agricultural food production while also providing the relative benefits of regulating each sector for food security.
Dynamical approximations for composite quantum systems: assessment of error estimates for a separable ansatz
Authors: Burghardt Irene , Carles Rémi , Kammerer Clotilde Fermanian , Lasorne Benjamin , Lasser Caroline
Published: April 2022

Numerical studies are presented to assess error estimates for a separable (Hartree) approximation for dynamically evolving composite quantum systems which exhibit distinct scales defined by their mass and frequency ratios. The relevant error estimates were formally described in our previous work Burghardt et al (2021 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
54 414002). Specifically, we consider a representative two-dimensional tunneling system where a double well and a harmonic coordinate are cubically coupled. The time-dependent Hartree approximation is compared with a fully correlated solution, for different parameter regimes. The impact of the coupling and the resulting correlations are quantitatively assessed in terms of a time-dependent reaction probability along the tunneling coordinate. We show that the numerical error is correctly predicted on moderate time scales by a theoretically derived error estimate.
The elastic and directed percolation backbone
Authors: Deng Youjin , Ziff Robert M
Published: April 2022

We argue that the elastic backbone (EB) (union of shortest paths) on a cylindrical system, studied by Sampaio Filho et al [2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 175701], is in fact the backbone of two-dimensional directed percolation (DP). We simulate the EB on the same system as considered by these authors, and also study the DP backbone directly using an algorithm that allows backbones to be generated in a completely periodic manner. We find that both the EB in the bulk and the DP backbone have a fractal dimension of d
b = d

B,DP = 1.681 02(15) at the identical critical point p
c,DP ≈ 0.705 485 22. We also measure the fractal dimension at the edge of the EB system and for the full DP clusters, and find d
e = d
DP = 1.840 54(4). We argue that those two fractal dimensions follow from the DP exponents as d

B,DP = 2 − 2β/ν
∥ = 1.681 072(12) and d
DP = 2 − β/ν
∥ = 1.840 536(6). Our fractal dimensions differ from the value 1.750(3) found by Sampaio Filho et al.
Wind Farm Layout: Modeling and Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Asfour R , Brahimi T , El-Amin MF
Published: April 2022

Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) is a complex multidisciplinary topic that requires a lot of expertise and is becoming an essential part of today’s wind farm planning. Yet, selecting optimum wind farm locations is complex, time-consuming, and influenced by environmental factors and upstream turbines inflow wind. The present study attempts to develop an optimization approach based on the Genetic Approach (GA) to determine the most suitable wind turbine locations that maximize the net energy production while minimizing the Cost of Energy (COE) ($/kWh). The WFLO for the optimized objective function was performed for 500, 1000, and 1500 iterations. The best output was obtained for 1500 iterations with the lowest value for the objective function.
Energy Audit of a Classroom in the Hot and Humid Region: Effect of Mechanical Dehumidification on Energy Consumption
Authors: Dezfouli M.M.S. , Kadir Kushsairy , Sopian K. , Dehghani-Sanij A.R.
Published: April 2022

Air conditioning (AC) systems are the most energy-consuming systems in buildings in hot and humid climates. This study investigates the effect of mechanical dehumidification on the energy apportioning of the conventional cooling system in hot and humid regions. An energy audit was carried out in a classroom with a fan coil unit as a case study. Air characteristics, cooling load, and cooling capacity of the case study were measured. According to the energy audit results, for a room with 51% latent load and 49% sensible load, the mechanical dehumidification consumed 56% of cooling capacity, while 44% of cooling capacity was used for sensible cooling. It has been shown that mechanical dehumidification consumes the majority of the energy used by AC systems in hot and humid areas.
Photovoltaic Performance Using Modify Back Propagation Neural Network Based On 3 Different Solar Panels
Authors: Liyana P N , Mekhilef S , Shah N M
Published: April 2022

Depletion of natural resources and increasing demand of power, sustainable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV) are becoming increasingly more reliable and important. However, the production PV output power is unable to meet in terms of supply and demand due to irregular of solar irradiance and temperature daily. Therefore, a proper method/tool of prediction is very crucial to manage photovoltaic performance system and optimize the corresponding energy management system. In this paper, the modified Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) architecture is investigated. The investigating was conducted to provide more accurate prediction and error for short-term period prediction. The networkcompromises of 2 inputs parameter; the module temperature and solar irradiance and 1 output parameter; AC Power. Early research was conducted based on forecast time period on May 2021 starting from 7am to 8pm (14 hour) daily from 3 different panels; monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film, which are located on the rooftop of PEARL lab building. The result obtained shows that polycrystalline panel performed the best compare to monocrystalline and thin film panels.
Evaluation of Stochastic and Artificial Neural Network Models for Multi-step Lead Forecasting of NDVI
Authors: Omar Mwana Said , Kawamukai Hajime
Published: April 2022

Vegetation degradation is associated with human activities and climate change leading to ecosystem changes and biodiversity losses. To reduce the impacts of vegetation degradation, forecasting of vegetation condition is vital in formulating measures to prevent and reduce the losses. Vegetation indices (VI) obtained from remote sensing data, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are widely used to monitor and forecast vegetation condition. In the present study, a stochastic and artificial neural network (ANN) models were compared in modeling and multi-step lead forecasting of NDVI in the Middle Tana River Basin (MTRB), Kenya. Pixel-wise NDVI data for the period 2000 - 2019 was extracted from the MOD13Q1 product of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Time lags of NDVI was used as inputs for the models. The results showed that the ANN model outperforms the stochastic model, with a predicting accuracy of RMSE of 0.07207, MSE of 0.00589 and MAE of 0.06417. The multi-step lead forecasting produced satisfactory results indicating the suitability of the models as tools in forecasting NDVI.
Corrosion in the Geothermal Systems: A Review of Corrosion Resistance Alloy (CRA) Weld Overlay Cladding Applications
Authors: Tayactac RG , Basilia B
Published: April 2022

The geothermal industry offers a big challenge during material selection. The engineering materials in this geothermal industry are exposed to brine, steam, and hydrogen sulfide at working temperatures ⩽370 degrees Celsius and pressure of ⩽17 MPa. The corrosion problem is a more complex issue to solve, but if material selection could be thoroughly evaluated, it can benefit the asset owner since uptime can be increased and maintenance costs and downtime will be minimized. A few Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) are described in this paper chosen for their corrosion resistance and outstanding mechanical properties. They can either be solid but employing them as cladding material will prove to be more economical while maintaining its integrity during service. This research aims to review the suitability of CRA weld overlay cladding application and its benefits in enhancing corrosion resistance of acidic wellhead piping systems for geothermal applications. This paper also describes the technical and economic benefits of using CRA clad material in the present condition which savings can be made up to 80%. However, there is a lack of established guidelines specifically for geothermal use for the systematic selection and qualification of materials. CRA selection is often based on limited data from literature or empirical testing on a case-by-case basis, which is time-consuming, costly, and often leads to overly conservative solutions.
Study of the transformation of micromycetes of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Chaetomium from soil into plants
Authors: Voronina E V , Balandina A V , Frolova N V , Dubrovina S S
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the number of pathogens in the soil and their transformation into the plant Oriental Goat’s Rue (Galéga orientalis Lam). It is shown that in the period from 2016 - 2017, the highest contamination of the studied soil samples and oriental goat with pathogenic micromycetes of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Chaetomium was observed and reached from 108 to 1010 CFU/g. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the suppressiveness and fertility of the studied soil samples decreased. In 2018-2020, the pathogen load on the soil decreased as a result of the use of biological plant protection products for the treatment of crops, as well as the implementation of agrotechnical measures and work to destroy weeds. It has been established that the measures taken against micromycetes of the genus Fusarium turned out to be the most effective. The number of fungi of this genus in the oriental goat decreased from 108 to 104 CFU/g. At the same time, the number of micromycetes of the genus Chaetomium both in the soil and in the oriental goat remained rather high, from 1010 to 108 CFU/g. The company is recommended to continue carrying out activities aimed at improving the soil.
Reasons for different environmental effects of technogenic nanoparticles
Authors: Polischuk S D , Churilov G I , Churilov D G , Churilova V V , Fadkin G N
Published: April 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron sized 20-90 nm at concentrations of 0.1-100 g of nanoparticles per ton of seeds were studied. The objects of environmental monitoring were bacterial populations and the family of earthworms (Lumbricina). The toxic effect of nanoparticles under natural conditions depended both on physical-chemical properties of NPs and the type of soil, and on the size, concentration of NPs, and pH of nanoparticle suspensions. When measuring the zeta potential of NPs in aqueous solutions, a decrease in pH of the suspensions due to their composition and size was recorded. There was a direct correlation between the energy produced in cells, which was necessary for the development of living systems, and the increase in the number of protons under the influence of nanoparticles. At NPs sizes less than 20 nm, nanoparticles were much more reactive. They exhibited high biological activity and were safe only at very low concentrations. At concentrations above 10 g/t, they inhibited the growth and development of plants and reduced the survival of microorganisms. It was noted that the ecological effect of NPs oxides was different from the behavior of metal NPs. They accumulated in a living organism, exhibited toxic properties, and were transported along trophic chains, which was not typical for metal nanoparticles. It should be noted that zinc oxide was more soluble than titanium dioxide and had a low aggregation value. Thus, such characteristics as solubility and the ability to aggregate in solutions are important for the environmental safety of NPs.
Functional and taxonomic changes in the domain Bacteria in response to phytomelioration of saline soils
Authors: Riksen V S , Korobova L N
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a five-year study of plant-microbe interactions in a small medium sodium solonetz. The research was carried out in the Barabinsk lowland of Siberia, where Bromus inermis was cultivated for 33 years in the fodder crop rotation. Its phytomelioration effect was reflected in soil desalinization which was proved by decrease of EC in 0-20 cm layer by 11.3 times, decrease of its oligotrophy by 6.3 times, replenishment of solonetz nitrogen fund and intensification of microbiological processes of humus accumulation. The taxonomic structure of microbiome under the crop rotation impact with B. inermis altered towards increasing the representation of genera from alpha-, beta- and delta-proteobacteria classes, functionally associated with the improvement of soil fertility, Gemmatimonadetes as a dryness indicator and reducing the Acidobacteria groups Gp4 and Gp6, associated with the pH control.
Investigation of the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the strength characteristics of mineral-filled films during their disposal after the end of the life cycle
Authors: Myalenko D M , Fedotova O B
Published: April 2022

This work presents data on the study of polymer filled films for dairy, food and agricultural products during their disposal after the end of their life cycle. One of the directions for solving the problem of accelerated degradation of packaging is considered, which in the future can have a positive effect on the environment. Hypothetical approaches to the initiation of the destruction processes of the objects of study have been implemented through the development of highly filled film materials and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The physical and mechanical parameters of the samples were selected as a degradation criterion. The aging process under natural conditions lasts for years, so an attempt was made to accelerate it by forced photo-oxidation of samples by ultraviolet irradiation, for which a special experimental setup was developed. To simulate the natural conditions for the disposal/disposal of packaging at landfills, we used a laboratory stand consisting of vermicompost and a composting accelerator. As a result of the studies, the dynamics of the decrease in strength (indicator “breaking stress at break”) of samples of highly filled films after their irradiation and storage under composting conditions for 9 months is shown. The “elongation at break” indicator also undergoes significant changes. Taken together, this indicates the progress of the process of degradation of the objects of this study.
The choice of an environmentally oriented technology for water softening at water treatment facilities
Authors: Sambursky G A , Leont’eva S V , Molchanova Ya P , Krokhin G B
Published: April 2022

The processes of softening drinking water have been studied quite widely, and the technologies used have a wide range of equipment used and aggregation capabilities. The development of membrane technologies provides virtually unlimited technological possibilities for water treatment [1], and classical ion exchange solutions are also widely used, more in industry [2]. Of course, the use of such solutions is associated with certain and considerable operating costs. At the same time, it is a well-known fact that modern softening systems require not only qualified and timely maintenance, but also form wastewater flows. Utilization of the generated wastewater can be a difficult task to solve, despite the advantages of membrane and ion exchange technologies in the processes of drinking water treatment, since water supply organizations are usually underfunded due to the social function of the water supply tariff [3]. This article shows the possibility of implementing environmental technology to reduce water hardness without the formation of associated wastewater. Softening in a suspended layer of sand refers to modern methods of reagent softening of water. These are the so-called devices of intensified softening.
Mechanisms for leveling the carbon footprint in the production of grain products
Authors: Amirova E F , Kirillova O V , Sadreeva A F , Nugumanova L F , Mukhametshina F A
Published: April 2022

In this study, an attempt was made to determine the mechanisms for leveling the carbon footprint in the production of grain based on the development of the concept of state regulation. The article considers the impact of grain production on the formation of a carbon footprint - greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen), which were produced both with human participation and without. The most important determinants of carbon emissions are nitrogen fertilizers (8-49%), straw combustion (0-70%), machine energy consumption (6-40%), irrigation energy consumption (0-44%) and CH4 emissions. from the fields (15-73%). The mechanisms for regulating the carbon footprint are described, an assessment of its economic impact on domestic agricultural production is given, the threats to the carbon footprint and ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are identified.
Urban ecology: risks and priorities
Authors: Guschin I A
Published: April 2022

The article considers the problem of urban pollution by industrial enterprises. The risks of exposure to harmful substances on the population of the urban environment are considered. A method for determining the list of priority substances for analysis is given and a methodology for assessing the risk of negative effects is proposed. When calculating the risk, possible failures of technological equipment and the appearance of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances in the environment with various mechanisms of spreading hazards to a given point in space are taken into account. The calculation takes into account the probability of changes in wind direction and speed (wind rose) for the last ten years. The probability of calculating the negative impact on people is represented by a threshold and threshold-free model. Principles and criteria of environmental pollution regulation have been developed to determine risk levels. The example shows the methodology for assessing exposure and the dose-effect relationship. The conclusion is made about the values of risk and measures to reduce it.
Energy evaluation of technologies of fallow lands restoration at high humidity depending on degree of weed infestation
Authors: Dzhabborov N I , Dobrinov A V , Shamonin V I
Published: April 2022

The substantiation of a rational system for restoration of fallow lands is an actual task, because it speeds up their introducing into agricultural use which ultimately increases the volume of agricultural production. The aim of article is to determine the energy intensity of technological processes and technologies for restoration of abandoned lands at high humidity depending on the weed infestation of the fields. The subject of research is the evaluation of energy intensity of technological processes and technologies for the fallow lands restoration. The object of research is technological processes, methods of cultivation and technical means used in the technologies of fallow lands restoration. To substantiate the technological processes and technical means of fallow lands restoration, experimental research, analysis and compilation of experimental data were used. The scientific novelty of the work is formed by: the systems of criteria for the selection of technological processes; lands classification according to fertility, weed infestation and type of soil; the system of technological processes and the energy intensity of fallow lands restoration. It was found that the restoration of abandoned lands overgrown with young trees, small greens and perennial weeds needs an average of 7241.9 MJ per hectare. The abandoned fields overgrown with small shrubs, perennial weeds with a grass at a herbage height 40 cm need an average of 4572.6 MJ per hectare. The restoration of land with weeds up to 40 cm needs an average of 3818.8 MJ per hectare.
Seagrass of Enhalus Acoroides as a Traditional Body Scrubs in Preventing Malarial Bites by Pahawang Island Community in Indonesia
Authors: Noor N M , Febriani D , Ali M
Published: April 2022

Finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, marine bacteria, and even sea plants are found in abundance in Indonesia’s oceans. The seagrass ecosystem is one of them, and it serves as a nursery or spawning site for aquatic animals. Despite the fact that functional qualities vary widely, there has been little research on the use of seagrass as a medicinal ingredient. The goal of this study is to investigate the usage of seagrass Enhalus acoroides as an anti-malarial chemical based on local knowledge from the ancient inhabitants of Pahawang Island, Lampung, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a survey, an interview, and a laboratory experiment. In the past, the ancient people of Pahawang Island utilized E. acoroides as a traditional scrub to avoid mosquito bites, according to the interview. Phytochemical research found that the active chemicals contained flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid, steroid, triterpenoid, and saponin, with yields ranging from 3.21 to 8.63 percent for ethanol solvents and 0.21-0.76 percent for n-hexane solvents.
Effects of Crop Rotation on Maize Soil Fertility in Alluvial Soil
Authors: Dang L V , Hung N N
Published: April 2022

Crop rotation is a method for crop production diversification and soil fertility improvement. However, the effectiveness of crop rotation in improving soil quality may vary depending on soil types, climate, crops, and farming practices. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of crop rotation on alluvial soil quality properties. Four crop rotation systems have been investigated, namely, maize-maize-maize (MMM), maize-mungbean-maize (MBM), maize-sesame-maize (MSM), and mungbean-chili-maize (BCM). The research was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates, and each plot area was 36 m2. The quality of the topsoil layer (0-20 cm) was assessed. Seven soil physicochemical parameters were selected: soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (Ntot), available phosphorus (Pavail), soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). They were measured after the completion of the 1-year experiment. The results indicated that crop rotation did not affect the soil pH, EC, BD, and CEC but improved the SOC, Ntot, and Pavail. The SOC and Ntot contents in the MBM and BCM crop rotation systems were higher than those in MSM. Our results show that crop rotation systems improved maize soil fertility and are a beneficial option for a sustainable agriculture in alluvial soil.
The Potential of Bamboo Vinegar from PT. Bukit Asam Tbk-Pelabuhan Tarahan to Reduce Leaf Eating - Caterpillars of Caisim (Brassica Juncea L)
Authors: Novi Sesanti Rizka , Purnomo Ajis , Fahri AH , Mita Sari Reny
Published: April 2022

The liquid smoke that potentially controls the attacks of leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim is bamboo liquid smoke. PT. Bukit Asam Tbk-Pelabuhan Tarahan, through their CSR program, produces liquid smoke from bamboo plant waste known as bamboo vinegar with the dominant compound component are 31.28% acetic acid; phenol 2-methoxy-guaiacol (12.95%); carbamic acid (11.23%); 2-heptanamine (6.75%) and phenol 4-methoxy-p-cresol (5.56%). This study aims to determine the effect of the application method and concentration of bamboo vinegar on the attack of leaf-eating caterpillars and plant yields of caisim (Brassica juncea L.). This study is a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor is the method of application; pour and spray. The second factor was the concentration of bamboo vinegar; 0 (control); 5 ml/1; 10 ml/1 and 15 ml/1. Data analysis used the F test and LSD test at 5%. The results showed that applying bamboo vinegar by pouring it cannot reduce the level and intensity of attacks by leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim. While the application of bamboo vinegar by spraying can reduce the level and attack intensity of leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim. Bamboo vinegar which is sprayed in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 ml/1, can reduce the attack rate of a leaf-eating caterpillars by 31.65%, 31.65% and 37.62%, respectively and reduce the intensity of leaf damage symptoms by 43.60%, 52.56% and 55.13% respectively. The application of bamboo vinegar with the concentration of 15 ml/1 either by pouring or spraying resulted in the highest wet weight and dry weight of the caisim crown, 114.67 g and 119.67 g, respectively. In comparison, the application of bamboo vinegar either by pouring or spraying with different concentrations did not affect the roots’ wet weight and the caisim roots’ dry weight.
Growth Response of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at Several Intervals of KNO3 Fertilization in Main-Nursery
Authors: Utoyo B , Hartono JSS , Usodri KS , Yuliana W
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this research to get the frequency and interval of potassium nitrate fertilizer suitable to optimize the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main-nursery. Research will be conducted at the Land Development Lampung State Polytechnic Campus 2 New City, South Lampung, Lampung or at Oil Palm Nursery Unit, Lampung State Polytechnic. The experimental design used a single treatment in a randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatment levels with 6 repetitions. The treatments consisted of fertilizing KNO3 once a week (W1), fertilizing KNO3 every 2 weeks (W1), fertilizing KNO3 once every 3 weeks (W1), fertilizing KNO3 once every 4 weeks (W1). If the results of analysis of variance was significant it will proceed with the least significant difference test (LSD) at level α = 5%. The results showed that the difference in the frequency of kno3 fertilization resulted in significantly different growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The frequency of KNO3 fertilization once a week showed higher seedling growth in all observation variables when compared to other treatments and was not significantly different from KNO3 fertilization every 2 weeks.
Jajar Legowo Planting System on Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea, L)
Authors: Yuriansyah  , Sari E Y
Published: April 2022

Peanut (Arachis hypogeae, L.) is the second most important food crop after soybean. The low production of peanuts in Indonesia is caused by various obstacles, namely the use of low seed production, poor land management, pest and disease attacks, suboptimal maintenance, and the influence of the season. These obstacles can be overcome by making efforts such as improving cropping methods and regulating plant populations. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best jajar legowo planting system for growth and yield. This study used a randomized block design, consisting of 4 treatments and four replications. The average test was carried out by the Tukey test at the 5% level. The results showed that the significance value of plant height parameters was 0.910; number of branches 0.313; number of filled pods 0.168; number of empty pods 0.974; pod fill weight 0.601; wet weight is 0.695. The results obtained showed that planting peanuts (Arachis hypogeae, L.) with the jajar legowo planting system in each treatment was not significantly different, so no further testing was carried out. So it can be said that the results of peanuts with the jajar legowo planting system are no different from other planting systems.
Growth and Yield of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) in Combination of Soil Améliorant and Fertilizer SP-36
Authors: Kusumastuti A , Indrawati W , Nurmayanti S , Afifah DA
Published: April 2022

Patchouli cultivation requires a fairly high nutrient intake and requires intensive cultivation actions. Land that is still widely available for cultivation of plantation crops is marginal land, so that in patchouli cultivation it is necessary to have input in improving soil fertility. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil enhancer, P fertilizer (SP-36) and the interaction between soil enhancer and P fertilizer (SP-36) on the growth and yield of patchouli. The study used a completely randomized block design with a factorial pattern with two factors. First treatment of soil améliorant (100% soil); 25% soil improvement materials and 75% soil; 50% soil améliorant and 50% soil). The second factor was SP-36 fertilizer (without SP-36 fertilizer; 1.8 g SP-36; 3.6 g SP-36, and 5.4 g SP-36 per plant). Each treatment combination was repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, ratio of shoot and root dry weight, and patchouli yield. The results showed that the application of soil amendments at a dose of 25% and 50% in the planting medium gave better results on plant height, crown dry weight, and root dry weight, as well as the ratio of shoot and root dry weight. The application of SP-36 fertilizer and interactions at various doses did not have an effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. The highest patchouli yield was found in the combination treatment of 25% soil améliorant and 5.4 g SP-36 on planting media with a yield of 4.2%.
Yield Trial of Cassava Clones at Natar, South Lampung
Authors: Utomo S D , Kusuma A , Firdaus I , Edy A , Setiawan K , Karyanto A
Published: April 2022

Preliminary yield trials (PYTs) are one of the steps in cultivar development of cassava by testing, characterizing, and selecting the promising clones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of cassava clones in the University of Lampung Experimental Station, Natar, South Lampung. This study consisted of two experiments, Experiment A and B. A completely randomized block design was used for both experiments. Experiment A and B evaluated 17 clones with two replications and 13 clones with three replications respectively. Cultivar UJ 5 was used as the standard for both experiments. BL 100 produced starch weight per plant (0.21 kg), higher than the standard UJ 5 (0.11 kg). Nibung produced starch weight per plant (0.50 kg), higher than the standard UJ5 clone (0.37 kg). BL 100, Kasetsart Ungu, UJ 3 Kc and BL-01 were the promising clones selected from Experiment A. Nibung, Randu, Korem Gatam, and MU 111 were the promising clones selected from Experiment B.
Evaluation of yields on new varieties of hybrid watermelon
Authors: Wahyudi A , Nazirwan  , Kartahadimaja J , Setyawan AB , Mustakim NA , Askhary F A , Katfar B J
Published: April 2022

Watermelon is a very important commodity in food security, especially horticultural products. Watermelon hybrid varieties are proven to be able to increase production and income for watermelon farmers. Watermelon breeding continues to produce superior varieties. Pure strains of watermelon as parents in the propagation or production of hybrid watermelon seeds, are necessary for crosses between parents to produce F1 hybrids. Evaluation and selectionare important stages in a plant breeding program. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on theproduction of hybrid watermelons from the research team of the Politeknik Negeri Lampung watermelon breeder.This study used a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments (varieties) repeated three times. The results of the observations were analyzed using the LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that the varieties WM200701 and WM200702 had dark skin color and red flesh. Sweetness level data were significantly different by 9.3 °brix andl0.15 °brix when compared to control (8.9 °brix). Varieties WM 200703 and WM 200706 have bright green skin color with thin stripes with red and yellow flesh color. WM 200704 and WM 200705 have red flesh and dark green skin with thick striations. WM 200703 has the highest fruit weight of 4.63 kg per fruit. The six hybrid varieties tested have the potential to be submitted for registration of the F1 hybrid watermelon variety.
Nutrient Deficiency Induces Branch and Shoot Dieback in Robusta Coffee
Authors: Evizal Rusdi , Erry Prasmatiwi Fembriarti
Published: April 2022

In southern Sumatra, Robusta coffee is grown mainly in mountain regions, undulating and steep lands, and marginal soils. Management of soil nutrients is a key issue to maintain sustainable coffee production. This survey was conducted at the field of Farmer Training Center (FTC), at Pulau Panggung Village, Semendo Darat Laut Sub-district, Muara Enim District of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The trees of seven coffee clones were randomly sampled. The soil of 0-20 cm depth and full-grown leaves from middle branches was compositely sampled. The results of soil analysis and visual symptoms showed a deficiency of macro nutrient including N, P, K, and Mg that coincident with a high incidence of dieback symptoms. We observed that branch dieback incidence was 62-100% with severity score 1.0-2.5 and shoots dieback incidence was 15-50% with severity score 1.0-3.0. Local coffee clone showed a better tolerance on branch and shoots dieback and higher yield potential based on number of fruits and pinhead fruit per bunch. The results of observation on leaf symptoms of nutrient deficiency, slow plant growth, dieback incidence, plant death, and low plant population showed as a failure of coffee establishment induced by low soil fertility and poor plant management.
Effectiveness of FOS (Fructo Oligo Saccharide) from Banana Peel on Total Bacterial Count of Rabbit Meat Jerky
Authors: Syahpura SK , Zulfahmi  , Syofiana A
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to determine the production performance (growth performance and carcass production) of New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits fed FOS (fructooligosaccharides) isolated from Ambon banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. A total of 50 crossbreed rabbits NZW aged 8 weeks, mean initial weight 496.12±10.61 g, were placed in individual cages, randomly divided into, and each treatment was repeated five times, each replication consisted of two rabbits.The treatment used was P1 (without FOS), P2 (Given FOS for 7 days), P3 (Given FOS for 14 days). FOS with a concentration of 3%, dose 2 mg/kg body weight ad libitum. Drinking water The ingredients used at this stage were rabbit meats in the sun drying (T1), and meat containing FOS from rearing in the dry oven (T2). The feed used was commercial feed, given in the morning and evening. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance. The similarity of variance was tested using the Duncans. Based on the result showed the growth of bacteria in the rabbit meat jerky can be inhibited. Rabbit jerky given FOS from Ambon banana peel isolation for 7 days did not give a significant difference with FOS from Ambon banana peel isolation for 14 days (P> 0.01) which could inhibit bacterial growth and that the non of FOS isolated from Ambon banana peel has the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in rabbit meat jerky, and administration for 7 days can be used to inhibit bacterial growth.
Technology Adoption Using PGF2 Alpha for Breeding
Authors: Candra A A , Putri D D , Noviadi R
Published: April 2022

The productivity and health level of goats kept are still relatively low. This is because the maintenance system carried out by farmers is still traditional and there is no touch and technology adoption. The limited scale of ownership coupled with the spread of cage locations makes it difficult to detect estrus/estrus, the absence of superior males also causes a decrease in the genetic quality of livestock. This study aims to find a method of breeding in sheep using reproductive engineering mating techniques to obtain an applicable goat breeding model. Research Design 10 ewes that are not pregnant, prepared for natural mating with the joint bull mating model. The treatment for the ewes was prepared for estrus synchronization reproductive technology using prostaglandins with two doses. The livestock group was induced by intramuscular estrus as much as 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 cc per head using the hormone PGF2 alpha (lutalyse). The injection is done with two injections (double injection) with an interval of 11-12 days. Two days after the application of the hormone, the goat showed estrus, then observed the percentage of estrus, estrus intensity and estrus strength. The results showed that all doses that had been given gave good results on the onset of estrus, standing heat, duration of estrus, intensity of estrus and after the second injection with a distance of 11 days all treatments showed 100 percent estrus. Days 14 to 18 after treatment were the peak period with the highest intensity of estrus and standing heat in goats. Giving a dose of prostaglandin 2 ml has been effective and more economical in estrus synchronization to produce quality estrus symptoms.
Preliminary Result of Microearthquake Monitoring at Namora-I-Langit and Silangkitang, Sarulla, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Yudha Satya Drestanta , Sahara David , Astra Doddy
Published: April 2022

Namora-I-Langit (NIL) and Silangkitang (SIL) are two exploited geothermal fields within Sibualbuali WKP. SIL started commercial generation of 110 MW on Mar 18, 2017. Currently, 4 producers and 9 injectors support SIL full power generation. The NIL geothermal field has been operated 220 MW since May 2018 with the support of 11 production and 10 injection wells. NIL is a volcanic hydrothermal system that associates with distributed permeability while SIL is fault-controlled permeability system that relates with extensional regime along main Great Sumatra Fault (GSF). Since early 2020, the monitoring of microearthquake (MEQ) has been running in NIL and SIL. The MEQ network consists of 18 permanently installed seismometers which covers a total area of 224 km2. The instruments record 3-4 events in average per day within 300-days monitoring. Four MEQ clusters are consistently detected, two clusters in NIL and other two in SIL. One cluster which is located South of NIL seems to correlate with non-benign water downflow where the clay cap is thin or absence. The intensity of MEQ occurrence and downflow process were dictated by production activity. In SIL, changing of injection activity coincides with the variation of MEQ event rate in East cluster. Those clusters are interpreted due to geothermal exploitation activities in this area. Further MEQ analysis needs to be carried out to understand the interplay between the geothermal conceptual model, geological structure, and injection/production activity.
The Effects of PDC Cutter Geometries to the Drilling Dynamics in Various Geothermal Rocks: A Comprehensive Study Using Advanced Drilling Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yoan Mardiana Ramadhan , Pasaribu Sepanya
Published: April 2022

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit has been used widely in drilling operations since a long time ago. However, the utilization of this bit in Indonesia’s geothermal drilling has just recently started in 2016, thanks to the rapid development of PDC cutter grades and shapes in the last decade. Prior to that, the geothermal drilling operation relied on Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) bit to drill the hard formations. The crushing action of the insert bit is very durable to remove the rocks. However, the seal and bearing limit the life of these bit types, causing multiple bit runs in a long drilling section.

PDC bit offers longer drilling periods if the cutters are still in good condition. However, the nature of geothermal formation usually consists of hard rocks with fractures that can reduce the durability of the conventional flat PDC cutters. To overcome this weakness and optimize drilling operation,. Instead of having a flat surface, new PDC cutters have different 3D shapes. Each has different benefits: improving cutter strength against impact, increasing aggressiveness and depth of cut, or enhancing wear resistance towards abrasive formations.

Advance drilling dynamics simulation helps analyze which cutter types will be more suitable for different geothermal rocks characteristics. The simulation is based on 4D Finite Element Analysis, which models the interaction between the cutting structures and the drilled formation. The result shows the dynamic drilling response of each cutter on different rocks, including the generated vibration, the cutter’s depth of cut distribution on the bit face, and the potential wear pattern on the bit. This paper then discusses which cutter and PDC bit type will be more beneficial for geothermal drilling based on the bit aggressiveness and durability to optimize the drilling operation.
Identification of Potential Geothermal Energy Used for Vaccine COVID-19 Cold Storage Box Using Absorptive Refrigeration
Authors: Hendrarsakti Jooned , Dinda Permatasari RB , Belia Muaja Erstrela , Muwahid Iqbal , Alvin Leonard , Romadhona Muhammad , Riyandi Naufal
Published: April 2022

A variety of vaccines of Covid 19 have been developed by different drug makers. Each vaccine brand requires different storage temperature ranged from 2-8°C, which then requires a cold storage box. In Indonesia, vaccine transportation and storage become big challenges to ensure the vaccines in good condition before use. This research focused to find out the possibility of using geothermal energy from Lahendong geothermal power plant unit 5 in Tompaso, North Sulawesi, for 5 liters-cold storage for Covid-19 vaccine using ammonia-water absorptive refrigeration and to identify the possible temperatures for storage of vaccine. Based on the absorption refrigeration system calculation, the current study found that the average evaporator temperature is 3°C, with cooling load of 1.03 kW and COP of 0.43. This cooling load requires a brine of 59.98 kg/s from the Lahendong geothermal power plant.
Water Quality Analysis at Komering River Kayuagung City Ogan Komering Ilir Regency
Authors: Karolina Anita , Ardelia Vera , Ridho Moh. Rasyid
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to examine the water quality of the Komering River Kayuagung city based on physical and chemical parameters. The research was conducted from May - June 2021. Water sampling was carried out by purposive sampling by determining 4 observation stations, namely little human activity areas (station 1), sand mining areas (station 2), human activity areas (station 3) and fish farming in cages areas (station 4). Sampling was carried out by several parameters measured i.e. temperature, transparency, current velocity, TDS, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and BOD. The measurement results were then compared with the criteria for Class I river water quality standards according to the South Sumatra Governor Regulation No. 16 of 2005. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the temperature, TDS, BOD generally stiil in the first, second and third class water quality standards. pH and DO values are exceed the first class quality standards.
An Analysis Different Levels of Crude Protein Content of Concentrate Feed
Authors: Duma Y , Damry  , Marsetyo  , Tanari M , Malewa A D , Sulendre I W
Published: April 2022

A research was done to study body performance responses of selected Donggala cows to different dietary crude protein content of concentrate feed. Twenty selected Donggala cows with an initial body weights range of 278.6(36.97) kg were used. The animals also had body condition score of 2.63(0.29), body length of 129.85(6.38) cm, shoulder height of 124.8(5.74) cm, bust of 157.45(8.7) cm, and hip width of 37.83(3.4) cm. The animals were arranged in a 4 x 5 randomized block design with 5 dietary treatments differing in crude protein content of concentrate feed (12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 percent). Animals grouping was based on their initial body weights. During the experiment which lasted for 8 weeks, the animals were fed on a ration consisting of 25 percent elephant grass and 75 percent concentrate mix. Results of the experiment indicated that total and daily animals body weight gain, and changes in body condition scores were significantly affected (P<0.01) by the dietary crude protein content of feed. The highest overall and daily body weight gains were obtained at the crude protein level of 18%, while that of changes in body condition score were obtained at the crude protein level of 18%. The dietary crude protein levels did not affect (P > 0.05) animals body dimension measures. It may be concluded that the best dietary protein content of concentrate feed for an optimum body performance in Donggala cows before mating is 18 percent.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Modified Ethanol-Treated Red Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Flour
Authors: Setiaboma W , Yulianti L E , Sarifudin A
Published: April 2022

Red sorghum flour is modified in order to improve water solubility in cold water. The modified using ethanol treatment increases pasting properties. The objective of this study was to investigate temperature and addition ethanol concentration for chemical, physical and pasting properties of ethanol treated red sorghum flour. The red sorghum flour was prepared heat treatment (60, 80, and 100°C) and addition ethanol (45, 50, and 55%). Results found that both addition ethanol and heat temperature had impacted on pasting properties parameter of red sorghum flour even though the heat temperature was effectively influenced. The addition 50% and temperature 60°C had better thermal properties which had 11.90% moisture content, 0.42% ash content, 81.48 lightness, 5416 cP of final viscosity, and 5271.50 cP of setback. The XRD of native red sorghum (2θ) transformed after treatments. The red sorghum modified ethanol treated dissolved in cold water without heating.
Morphological Characterization of Two Glutinous Rice Landraces from Garut
Authors: Supriatna J , Chaidir L , Priatna T , Hardimansyah H , Nafi’ah H H
Published: April 2022

Garut regency has two varieties of local glutinous rice from Sukaresmi sub-district, namely Sigadog and Pecut varieties. Both varieties compared to their morphological characteristics. The results of the study showed both varieties have their own advantages. Varieties of Sigadog can be harvested at 140 days after planting, productive tiller average 36 tillers, average plant height 110 cm, average yield potential of 4.9 tons per ha, weight of 100 grains 28.6 g, resistant to lodging, suitable to be planted in the rainy season and dry season. Varieties of Pecut can be harvested at 125 days after planting, productive tiller average 36 tillers, average plant height 110 cm, average yield potential of 5.9 tons per ha, weight of 100 grains 28.5 g, vulnerable to lodging, suitable to be planted in the dry season only.