bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorbancia y reflectancia de hojas de Ficus contaminadas con nanopartículas de plata
Authors: Peña Laura , Rentería Víctor , Velásquez Celso , Ojeda Maria Luisa , Barrera Enrique
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se informa la preparación de nanopartículas de plata esféricas dispersadas en agua con distribución de tamaño bimodal (diámetro promedio de 1.8 y 44 nm), las cuales son depositadas sobre la superficie de hojas de Ficus benjamina por el método de inmersión. El efecto de las nanopartículas en la absorbancia y la reflectancia en la superficie adaxial de las hojas es investigado con respecto a las hojas sin contaminar, en la región de 200 a 2000 nm. La absorbancia de las hoja contaminada disminuyó en la región del UV, donde predominan absorciones de péptidos, quininas y flavonoides. La absorbancia relacionada con pigmentos fotosintéticos fue prácticamente constante en la región del visible (< 700 nm). En la región de 730 a 780 nm aparece un pequeño incremento en la absorción óptica relacionada con la aparición de un color pardo en la hoja estresada. Para longitudes de onda del infrarrojo cercano, las absorciones ópticas debido a agua (máximos en 1194, 1458 y 1940) se incrementaron, sugiriendo un proceso de infiltración de ésta molécula en la estructura interna de la hoja. Por otra parte, las hojas reflejan muy poca luz en la región UV-Vis debido a que sus pigmentos absorben luz en esta región. Una débil disminución de la reflectancia en el verde (554 nm) proviene de oxidación de polifenoles. El daño causado a las hojas por el estrés inducido, se confirmó por una disminución evidente de la reflectancia para longitudes de onda entre 730 y 820 nm. Mientras que la reflectancia en el intervalo de 840 a 1070 nm alcanzó valores tan altos como 96 % en la hoja contaminada.  Finalmente, la baja reflectancia observada en la región de 1190 a 2000 nm se relacionó con la absorción de radiación por agua. Respecto a la morfología de las nanopartículas de plata, se observó que tienden a formar agregados sobre la superficie adaxial de la hoja de Ficus. La metodología propuesta constituye un modelo simple, que podría explicar cómo el material nanoparticulado existente en el entorno atmosférico o terrestre, es depositado sobre las hojas de las plantas e inferir los efectos de estrés por nanopartículas en los procesos de la transpiración, el balance térmico y la fotosíntesis.
NÛREDDİN MAHMUD ZENGÎ DEVRİ’NDE (541-569/1146-1174) İLMİYE SINIFI
Authors: Turan Abdulkadir
Published: January 2019

541/1146’da Zengî Atabegliği’nin Halep merkezli
Suriye kısmının hâkimiyetini elde ederek 6/12. yüzyıl tarihinin en önemli
aktörleri arasında yer alan Nûreddin Mahmud Zengî, yirmi yedi yıl süren emirlik
ve melikliği boyunca istikrarlı bir şekilde genişlettiği ülkesini İslam dünyası
için verimli bir ilim merkezi hâline getirmiştir. Onun faaliyetleriyle çok
sayıda âlim, çevre ülke ve emirliklerden gelip ülkesine yerleşmiştir. Eğitim
faaliyetlerine katkısıyla adı el-Me’mun, Nizâmülmülk ve Selâhaddîn-i Eyyûbî ile
bir arada anılan Nûreddin Mahmud, başta ilk başkenti Halep ve daha sonra
başkent edindiği Dımaşk olmak üzere âlimler için medreseler açarak ders
verecekleri ortamı oluşturmuş; bununla birlikte devlet yönetiminde farklı
görevler verip ülkesinin büyümesinde ve işleyen bir idareye sahip olmasında
onların ilim, yetenek ve saygınlığından istifade etmiştir. Makalemizde Nûreddin
Mahmud Zengî Devri’nde (541-569/1146-1174) ilmiye sınıfının oluşması,
zihniyeti, hiyerarşisi ve gerek eğitim sisteminde gerek sair devlet işlerinde
üstlendiği görevler konu edinilmiştir.
ORTAÇAĞ’DA İSLÂM/TÜRK-İSLÂM TIBBININ PARLAK BİR MÜMESSİLİ: NUREDDİN HASTANESİ
Authors: İNCE Fatma
Published: January 2019

Musul
Atabeyliği Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’ne tabi bir devlet iken Selçuklu Devleti’nin
parçalanmaya yüz tuttuğu bir dönemde müstakil hareket etmeye başlamıştır.
Selçuklular’da atabeylik unvanı sultan çocuklarının terbiyesi ile uğraşan
kişilere verilmiştir. Bu unvan ilk olarak Selçuklu Veziri Nizamülmülk’e
verilmiştir. Atabeyler, başlangıçta sorumlu oldukları Selçuklu hanedanına
mensup şehzadeyi sultan ilan edebilmek için uğraşırken, devletin zayıflamasıyla
birlikte kendi hakimiyetlerini kurmak için faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır.
Zengiler de bu şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Nureddin Mahmud b. Zengi de
Zengiler’in en meşhurlarındandır. Nureddin Mahmud b. Zengi Haçlılar ile yaptığı
başarılı mücadelelerin yanı sıra kurmuş olduğu kendi adı ile anılan hastane
dolayısıyla da İslâmî tıp alanında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Zengi’nin bu
hastaneyi Haçlı Seferleri sırasında esir almış olduğu bir Frank kralından
alınan fidye ile yaptırmış olduğu rivayet edilmektedir. Bu yapı, orijinal hali
ile bugüne kadar ulaşan en eski Selçuklu hastanesidir. Burası aynı zamanda ünlü
bir göz hekimi ve tıp tarihçisi olan İbn Ebu Usaybiya’nın Tabakâtü’l-Etibbâ
adlı eserinde yazdıkları sayesinde döneminde tıp eğitiminin nasıl yapıldığına
dair en geniş malumata sahip olduğumuz eğitim kurumudur.
NÛREDDİN MAHMUD ZENGİ’NİN KUZEY SINIRINDAKİ HIRİSTİYAN DEVLETLERLE İLİŞKİLERİ (1146-1174)
Authors: KÜTÜK Ahmet
Published: January 2019

Haçlıların
doğuyu istila ettiği sancılı süreçte Anadolu, Suriye ve Irak topraklarının
büyük kısmını bir arada tutmayı başarabilen Zengi Atabeyliği’nin, 1146 yılında
kurucusu İmadüddin Zengi’nin ölümü sonrası kolayca dağılacağı öngörülüyordu.
Fakat Zengi öldükten sonra diğer oğulları arasında sivrilen Nûreddin Mahmud,
gerek cesareti, gerekse rakiplerine karşı sergilediği mücadele azmiyle
babasının egemen olduğu toprakları daha da genişleterek ona iyi bir halef
olduğunu göstermiştir. Suriye’de Halep şehrini merkez edinen Nûreddin, hem
kendi hâkimiyet bölgesine hem de İslam dünyasına yönelik en büyük tehlikenin
Haçlılar olduğunu iyi idrak etmişti. Bunlar arasında Antakya Haçlı Kontluğu,
Nûreddin’in kuzey sınırını güvence altına almak için en çok odaklandığı kontluk
olmuştu. Ayrıca Akdeniz sahillerinin önemli kısmını elinde bulunduran Ermeni
Prensliği ile belli dönemlerde bölgeye sefer düzenleyen Bizans İmparatorluğu
Nûreddin için kuzey sınırını tehdit eden çetin rakipler olmuştur. Bu makalede
kaynaklarda Nûreddin Mahmud hakkında verilen bilgiler üzerinden onun kuzey
bölgesindeki Haçlı, Ermeni ve Bizans gibi gayr-ı müslim devletlerle mücadelesi
irdelenecek ve bu çerçevede Nûreddin’in kuzey politikasının esasları ortaya
konmaya çalışılacaktır.
MARDİN MÜZESİ’NDEKİ NUREDDİN ZENGİ SİKKELERİ
Authors: ERDAL Zekai , MENTEŞE Hasan
Published: January 2019

Zengiler,
Halep ve Musul merkezli olmak üzere Irak, Suriye ve Türkiye’nin Doğu ve
Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinde 1127-1233 tarihleri arasında hüküm sürmüş önemli
Türk devletlerinden birisidir. Musul ve Halep dışında Cizre, Sincar ve Şehrizor
merkezli üç kolu daha bulunmaktadır. İmadüddin Zengi’nin 1127 yılında Musul’a
atanmasıyla kurulan devlet çok geniş bir alana egemen olduktan sonra en önemli
sorun olarak Haçlıları görmüş ve bu bağlamda Kudüs’ün Selahaddin-i Eyyûbî
tarafından fethedileceği döneme değin uygun ortamı hazırlamak ile meşgul
olmuşlardır. Zengiler’in en büyük sultanlarından birisi de İmadüddin Zengi’nin
1146 yılında Caber önlerinde şehit edilmesiyle birlikte Halep’e gelerek tahta
oturan Nureddin Zengi’dir (1118-1174). Bu dönemde Haçlıların elinde olan birçok
yeri geri almak için sürekli Haçlılarla mücadele etmiştir. Dindar, adil ve alim
bir şahsiyet olan Nureddin Zengi ülkesini de imar etmeyi ihmal etmemiştir.
Mardin Müzesi’ndeki zengin İslami sikkeler arasında Nureddin Zengi’ye ait
sadece 2 adet sikke tespit edilmiştir. Nureddin Zengi’ye ait bakır sikkeler
figür, yazı ve bezeme açısından diğer Zengi sikkelerinin yanında oldukça basit
ve sade kalmaktadır. Nureddin Zengi’nin sadece adı ve unvanlarının okunabildiği
sikkelerde basım yeri, basım tarihi ve diğer bilgiler okunamamaktadır. Yazılar
ise Kufi hatlı olup birkaç bitkisel süsleme ile yetinilmiştir.
KEEFEKTIFAN LAYANAN INFORMASI KARIR BERBANTUAN WEBSITE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERENCANAAN KARIR SISWA SMA DI KOTA TARAKAN
Authors: Tumanggor Hotma Rosalin , Sunawan Sunawan , Purwanto Edy
Published: January 2019

Dewasa ini persaingan dunia kerja semakin kompleks dan persaingan kualifikasi persaingan kerja semakin ketat. Siswa diharapkan dapat memiliki perencanaan karir sesuai dengan bakat, minat, taraf intelegensi, dan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang dimiliki untuk memudahkan siswa dalam merencanakan karir. Dalam membuat perencanaan karir, siswa membutuhkan informasi sebagai bahan pertimbangan siswa dalam membuat perencanaan karir yang sesuai dengan bakat, minat, taraf intelegensi dan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang dimilikinya melalui layanan informasi karir. Dengan pemahaman tersebut, siswa mampu merencanakan karirnya secara matang sesuai dengan keadaan dirinya. Upaya meningkatkan perencanaan karir dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan layanan informasi karir berbantuan website. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perencanaan karir siswa SMA di Kota Tarakan melalui layanan informasi karir berbantuan website. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen dalam bentuk one group pretest-post design.Penelitian ini melibatkan 35 siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah layanan informasi karir berbantuan website efektif meningkatkan perencanaan karir siswa SMA di Kota Tarakan (10,094, p < 0.01). __________________________________________________________ Today's increasingly complex business world competition and competition qualifications increasingly tight. Students are expected to have career planning according to their talents, interests, intelligence level, and life values to facilitate students in career planning. In making career planning, students need information as a material balance of students in making career planning in accordance with the talent, interests, intelligence level and the values of life it has through career information services. With that understanding, students are able to plan their careers according to their situation. Efforts to improve career planning can be done using career information services assisted by website. This study aims to improve the career planning of senior high school students in Tarakan City through information career services assistance through the website. The experimental design used in this research is quasi-experiment in the form of one group pretest-post design. The career planning scale consists of 45 items with 5 falling items and 0.875 alpha coefficient. This study involved 35 students as an experimental group selected by purposive sampling. The result of this research indicate that career information service the website-assisted effectively improve the career planning of high school students in Tarakan City (10,094, p <0.01).
TEKNIK SOSIOMETRI DALAM ASESMEN PELAYANAN KONSELING PADA KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN GURU SDN KUIN SELATAN 1 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Yuliansyah Muhammad , Herman Murdiansyah
Published: January 2019

Guru pembimbing sekolah harus memiliki kompetensi profesionalisme dalam kulaifikasi akademik disertai dengan mempunyai kompetensi konselor agar mampu menghadapi berbagai problem sekolah, sehingga guru pembimbing mampu untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi perkembangan dunia pendidikan dengan berbagai macam dampak yang bisa menghabat perkebangan siswa disekolah.guru pembimbing disekolah bukan suatu yang lahir tanpa syarat,artinya seseuatu hadir begitu saja tanpa proses belajar yang panjang. Proses yang akhirnya menjadikan guru pembimbing sebagai agen pemebelajaran yang memiliki posisi strategis untuk melakukan berbagai perubahan, peningkatan dan pengembangan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan disekolah yang tentunya proses pendidikan disekolah berkesinangbungan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan.__________________________________________________________School guidance teachers must have professionalism competence in academic qualifications accompanied by having counselor competencies to be able to deal with various school problems, so that the mentoring teacher is able to prepare themselves in the face of the development of the world of education with various kinds of impacts that can hinder students' development in schools. who was born unconditionally, meaning someone just present without a long learning process. The process that ultimately makes the tutor teacher as a learning agent who has a strategic position to make various changes, enhancements and development in the implementation of school education is certainly the process of education in schools that are connected and increase knowledge.
URGENSI KONSELING SPIRITUAL
Authors: Hadiwinarto Hadiwinarto
Published: January 2019

Artikel ini merupakan kajian teoritis mengenai konseling spiritual. Setiap manusia mempunyai kebutuhan, ingin mencapai kepuasan sejati. Sahabat sejati sebenarnya sudah berada dalam diri setiap manusia, tetapi kita belum menyadari dan mengenalnya. Untuk mencapai kepuasan sejati maka harus mengenal sahabat sejati, membangkitkan sahabat sejati, kemudian memanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan termasuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi. Konseling spiritual harus dilandasi oleh kesadaran bahwa manusia memiliki daya cipta, rasa dan karsa. Karena daya cipta, rasa dan karsa menjadi modal utama untuk membangkitkan kekuatan spiritual. Sedangkan memahami kekuatan alam menjadi modal berikutnya. Kekuatan alam dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk membangkitkan kekuatan spiritual dalam diri manusia. Konseling spiritual merupakan harmonisasi interkasi antara daya cipta, rasa dan karsa dengan kekuatan alam untuk pengentasan masalah kehidupan manusia dalam rangka mencapai kepuasan sejati.__________________________________________________________ This article is a theoretical study of spiritual counseling. Every human being has a need, wants to achieve true satisfaction. True friends are already in every human being, but we have not realized and known him. To achieve true satisfaction then must know true friend, generate true friend, then utilize to fulfill requirement including overcoming problem faced. Spiritual counseling must be based on the realization that human beings possess creativity, taste and intention. Because creativity, taste and desire become the main capital to awaken spiritual power. While understanding the power of nature into the next capital. The power of nature can be used as a medium to awaken the spiritual power within man. Spiritual counseling is the harmonization of the interaction between creativity, taste and intention with the power of nature to alleviate the problems of human life in order to achieve true satisfaction.Kata Kunci: konseling spiritual, sahabat sejati, daya cipta, rasa dan karsa.
KARAKTERISTIK KONSELOR ISLAMI (KAJIAN EMPIRIS NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SYEKH MUHAMMAD ARSYAD AL-BANJARI)
Authors: Khairullah Khairullah , Ridhani Akhmad Rizkhi , Aminah Aminah
Published: January 2019

Konselor sebagai tenaga profesional tentunya harus mampu memberikan pelayanan secara optimal, sistematis, objektif, logis, serta berkelanjutan kepada setiap individu agar individu tersebut dapat berkembang optimal sesuai dengan perkembangannya masing-masing. Indonesia merupakan mayoritas pendudukannya Islam tentunya merupakan tatantangan tersendiri bagi seorang konselor dalam memberikan layanan. Maka oleh sebab itu perlu dikaji bagaimana karakteristik konselor islami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari sebagai dasar untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk karakteristik konselor islami. Metodologi yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan desain etnografi realis, yang dimana data diperoleh melalui orang ketiga, kemudian dari pada itu melaporkan secara objektif tentang informasi yang dipelajari dari partisipan di lapangan. Intrumen utama dalam penelitian ini ialah wawanacara. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah terdapatnya nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari dari kisah-kisah beliau semasa hidup. Selain dari pada itu tersusunya karakteristik konselor islami berdasarkan kajian empris dari nilai pendidikan karakter Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari.__________________________________________________________ Counselors as professionals must certainly be able to provide services optimally, systematically, objectively, logically, and sustainably to each individual so that individuals can develop optimally in accordance with their respective developments. Indonesia is the majority of its occupation Islam is certainly a separate challenge for a counselor in providing services. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the characteristics of Islamic counselors. This study aims to examine the character education values of Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari as a basis for knowing how the characteristics of Islamic counselors are. The methodology used is qualitative with a realist ethnographic design, in which data is obtained through a third person, then from that it reports objectively on information learned from participants in the field. The main instrument in this study is wawanacara. The results of this study are the existence of the character education values of Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari from the stories of him during his lifetime. Apart from that the characteristics of Islamic counselors are based on empirical studies of the character education values of Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari
BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK BERBASIS NILAI BUDAYA BELOM BAHADAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP SOPAN SANTUN PESERTA DIDIK DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Apriatama Dony
Published: January 2019

Sopan santun merupakan sikap dalam tata krama yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran agar tercipta hubungan yang baik antara peserta didik dengan guru maupun sesama peserta didik. Proses pembelajaran akan sulit berjalan secara maksimal jika antara guru dengan peserta didik ataupun sesama peserta tidak menunjukkan sikap sopan santun. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di MAN Kota Palangka Raya, peserta didik tidak menunjukkan sikap sopan santun yang baik kepada guru ataupun sesama peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan sikap sopan santun peserta didik MAN Kota Palangka Raya melalui layanan bimbingan kelompok berbasis nilai kearifan lokal yaitu nilai budaya belom bahadat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PreExperimental Designs One-Group-Pretest-Posttest Design. Teknik pengambil sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menysipkan nilai budaya belom bahadat ke dalam bimbingan kelompok. Hasil  dari penelitian ini adalah bimbingan kelompok berbasis nilai belom bahadat terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan sikap sopan santun peserta didik MAN Kota Palangka Raya sebesar 21%. Konselor hendaknya selalu meningkatkan kompetensinya dalam melaksanakan bimbingan kelompok sehingga layanan yang diberikan dapat optimal dalam mengatasi masalah yang terjadi di sekolah.__________________________________________________________ The good attitude is a manners needed to implementation of learning in order to create a good relationship between students and teachers and fellow students. The learning process will be difficult to runsoptimally if the teacher and students or fellow students don’t show good attitude. Basedon the results of observation at MAN Palangka Raya City, students didn’t show good attitude to teachers or fellow students. The research was purposed to improve the good attitude of the Students at MAN Palangka Raya City through group guidance services based on the value of local wisdom, namely the cultural value of Belom Bahadat. The research design used in this research was Pre-Experimental Designs One-Group-Pretest-Posttest Design. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling technique.This research was carried out by incorporating the cultural value of belom bahadat into group guidance. The result showed that group guidance based on cultural value Belom Bahadat proved effective to improve the good attitude of students at MAN Palangka Raya City by 21%. The counselors should always improve their competence in carrying out group guidance so that the services provided can be optimal in dealing with problems that occur in schools.
Nation-Building in the Developing States: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Amin Husnul , Siddiqa Maryam , Batool Lubna
Published: January 2019

This research concerns the process of nation-building in developing states with a focus on Pakistan. The study explores hurdles in the process of nation-building in Pakistan. In this connection, the study takes into account key political disparities such as uneven representation of various ethnic groups and regions in legislature and provincial assemblies, state-led cosmetic political reforms and feudalism and biradri-based political system that exist in various administrative units (and their tiers) of the state. The study also highlights the major administrative flaws and demographic shifts and divisions that are hampering the process of nation-building in Pakistan. The research also details the economic disparities found in various forms and at various levels in the state which minimize the prospects of nation-building in Pakistan. The study concludes that nation-building is always a state-controlled process and Pakistan has hardly addressed various hindrances in nation-building process such as political, demographic, administrative and economic issues of the various administrative units (and their tiers) as a state.
American, Indian and Chinese Media on “Belt and Road Initiative”
Authors: Jan Inamullah , Mehmood Tariq , Hussain Shabir
Published: January 2019

This research treats contents of newspapers from America, China and India reporting on "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) with respect to US, India and China's foreign policies. The study investigates if unlike China, American and Indian press relatively report more 'risk' than 'opportunity' frames on BRI. Detailed literature on risks and opportunity frames is produced through media lenses, underpins regional and global significance and future status of BRI. Comparing framing techniques of The New York Times, Times of India and China Daily, contents of total 60 news articles are quantitatively analyzed. Finally, comparative research paradigm found both Indian and American press framing more risks than opportunities in news, therefore highlighting respective concerns of staying away from the signatory summit of BRI held in Beijing in May 2017.
Health, Education and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Middle Income Countries
Authors: Siddique Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar , Ghulam Mohey-ud-din  , Kiani Adiqa
Published: January 2019

Health and education are indispensable factors for economic growth. This study examines the role of health and education in economic growth for 76 middle income countries during 1991-2016, using fixed and random effect approaches. The empirical findings demonstrates that a progressive link among life expectancy and economic growth while inverse association exists between infant mortality and economic growth. The outcomes of FE and RE models stated that secondary and tertiary level education contribute to increase in economic growth. The results also shows capital's encouraging impact on growth, while the labor has negative influence to economic growth. The impact of life expectancy, infant mortality, enrollment in secondary and tertiary education on economic growth is stronger in upper middle income countries (UMIC) with comparison to lower middle income countries (LMIC). The study recommended that economies should focus on education and better health facilities towards betterment especially in lower income states.
The Mathematics Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions of the Student-Centered Approaches and Professional Learning Experiences
Authors: Akhter Nasrin , Naseer Ud Din Muhammad , Khan Abdul Majeed
Published: January 2019

This research explores the perceptions’ of mathematics teachers who are teaching in Pakistani schools at secondary level. The study aimed to explore the elementary school teachers’ perceptions about student-centred approaches, and their difficulties facing in using these approaches. The study uses a methodology of questionnaire and interview to gather data from mathematics teachers at secondary level. The results of this study indicate that the most mathematics teachers were positive about the role and importance of student-centred approaches in their mathematics. The majority of teachers appreciated their role as a facilitator of the learning process using student-centred approaches Moreover, the majority of teachers reported that continued practice in teaching mathematics courses and/or teaching method courses had contributed to their developing a fair understanding of teaching mathematics. The teachers responded positively regarding the role of student-centred approaches to enhance the procedural understanding of students in mathematics. Most of the findings supported student-centred approaches positively. Finally, the recommendations concerning the importance of student-centred approaches in mathematics, the arrangement of resources, and teachers’ professional development are presented for the attention of teachers, administration and curriculum developers.
Effects of Physical Facilities at Public Schools on Students’ Achievement in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Qamar Zia Ahmad , Gulzar Faheem Huma
Published: January 2019

This paper determines the influence of school's physical facilities on students' achievement. The study was quantitative in nature and survey technique was used. The sample of the present study was selected by multi-stage random sampling method from Sahiwal division of Punjab, Pakistan. The researcher developed and validated a Check-List for Physical Facilities (CLPF) prior to data collection. Multiple regression analysis are run in the current research to analyze data. Measurement of the achievement of students from test scores of grade 8th conducted by Punjab Examination Commission in the year 2017 is analyzed. The study shows that ventilation, plants, play grounds, first aid medical box, LCD/LED significantly influenceed students' achievement. All the physical facilities contributed about 15.4% towards students' academic achievement.
Violations of Basic Children Rights at Elementary Level Education
Authors: Shah Syed Azam , Shah Syed Manzoor Hussain , Ishfaq Umbreen
Published: January 2019

Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students.
Teaching Mathematics at High School: A Comparison of Public and Private School Teachers’ Practices
Authors: Hameed Gulnaz , Butt Intzar Hussain
Published: January 2019

This paper compares the mathematics teaching practices of private and public high school teachers in Punjab. Two hundred public and 180 private school teachers were selected by using random sampling technique from district Sahiwal. The quantitative data was collected by using a Likert type 58 questionnaire items. The questionnaire consisted of six parts: mathematic teaching practices, mathematic effective students’ instruction, mathematic resources availability, use of mathematic resources, use of instructional techniques and evaluation techniques used by the teachers. The study indicated that private school teacher teach in cooperative environment, individual concentration, small group discussion and encourage students in mathematic classrooms as compared to public school teachers. They write equations to represent concept and then engage students in problem solving and practice computational skill as compared to public school teachers. Public school teachers highly believe that text book is primary instructional tool for teaching. They practice difficult problem by drill in their classes. Although Public school teachers are well trained, qualified and experienced yet they emphasize rote learning which is a big hurdle in conceptual understanding. Provision of material resources in public schools is high. Mathematic curriculum document, manipulative, measuring devices, and spreadsheets, worksheet calculators, teacher guide and computers as teaching resources are available in public schools. Whereas, helping books and calculators’ availability is better in private schools.
Issues in Teachers’ Education through Distance Education: A Case Study of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Itbar , Khan Farooq Nawaz , Ali Asghar
Published: January 2019

Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) offers teacher education programs from Primary School Teacher to Doctor of Philosophy in Education. The current study is focused on B. Ed., 2-year M.Ed., and Associate Degree in Education (ADE). AIOU has rendered great services in the field of education and particularly teacher education. Distance education internationally is an established system of education but in the context of Pakistan there are certain issues in distant mode of education which if addressed, may improve quality in teacher education. The current study investigated issues from the perspectives of tutors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected from tutors in 03 districts through interviews. Interview was conducted with total of 20 tutors. The purpose of the study was to get an in-depth understanding of the issues and suggest recommendations for improvement of the teacher education through distance learning from AIOU and the distance education programs offered by other universities.
Working Memory and Mathematical Performance: A Correlational Study
Authors: Mumtaz Naeema , Khan Muhammad Saeed , Ayub Saddaf
Published: January 2019

This study is intended to examine the correlation between working memory of students and their academic performance in Mathematics. Specifically, it was aimed to determine the degree of relationship between working memory capacity and academic achievement of students in mathematics studying at secondary school. A sample of 800 students studying in grade 10 was randomly selected from forty government and private secondary schools (girls and boys) situated in Hazara division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Both Urdu and English mediums of instruction schools were included in the sample. The researcher used digits span backwards test (DSBT) to find out the working memory capacity of the students associated with their academic performance in mathematics. This study revealed that girls have outperformed boys very markedly in examination scores of mathematics at secondary level. Contrarily, boys have performed well in working memory capacity than girls at the secondary level. However a very small gender difference is observed in this study. It is also noticed that private secondary schools showed higher performance in examination scores of mathematics and in working memory capacity than government secondary schoolsl.
Possibilities of Agricultural Education for Secondary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Kiran , Yousuf M Imran , Parveen Qaisara
Published: January 2019

Agricultural education is the main component to promote development and production of agriculture. In Pakistan, higher education institutes are offering agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels. F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture program has also been started in selected universities of agriculture. At the same time, the subject of agriculture has been part of elementary schools for many years. But, the gap still exists for the provision of agricultural education at secondary level. So, the study aims to review the initiatives of agriculture education at secondary level in national educational policies and five-year plans and to explore the possibilities for the promotion of curriculum for agricultural education according to opinions from agricultural education experts. This offers a descriptive study. The study was conducted in two steps. Documentary analysis technique was firstly used. Further, the need of agricultural education curriculum for secondary level was assessed and possibilities of agriculture education were explored. Purposive sampling technique was used to select subject specialists. The data was analyzed with frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data was analyzed by themes and analytical approach. This research suggests that agriculture education is highly desirable for introduction at secondary school.
Parameters for Textbook: Improving Quality of Primary Education
Authors: Nabi Mohammad , Iqbal Muhammad Javed
Published: January 2019

This research explores the parameters of quality textbook and the current status of 5th class textbooks. Textbook counts due to its importance in attaining required goals of quality education. Quality textbooks have the capacity to improve the required skills of learners and consequently support the improvement of quality education as quality education is mostly connected to students’ outcomes. A survey was conducted wherein officers of the Textbook Board Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participated and head teachers and teachers from public primary schools also took part. An interview was conducted for the Textbook Board officers to find out the parameters of quality textbook that improve the outcomes of the students. In this regard a questionnaire administered for head teachers and teachers to investigate the present status of 5th class textbook. 10 officers of Textbook Board, 281 primary school teachers and 256 head teachers were taken as sample from six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Assessing Quality of Various Aspects of Secondary Education in Punjab
Authors: Shahzad Saqib , Hussain Ishtiaq , Syed Makhdoom Ali
Published: January 2019

This study examined various aspects of quality in secondary education of Punjab. Population of the study was constituted all principals, teachers and students of degree colleges, intermediate colleges and higher secondary schools. A randomized sample of forty degree colleges was selected comprizing forty intermediate colleges and forty higher secondary schools (gender-wise equal). Participants’ responses were collected via questionnaire. After the data tabulation, it was examined and explained in the light of research objectives. Statistical tests like mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean and estimated population mean were employed. The study revealed that from the findings of the study A.V Aids were not appropriately used, teachers’ pay scales were not satisfactory and secondary level curriculum did not meet the academic needs. Therefore, the researchers consider provision of modern audio-visual aids to the institutions to be important, besides the teachers training and motivation to utlize these audiovisual aids for enhancement of instructional process. Moreover, it is suggested that adequate budgetry allocation for education and improving the pay scales of the teachers will enhance the quality of education.
Effects of Over-Crowded Classes on Teaching Learning Process at Secondary Level in District Nankana Sahib
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Arshad Muhammad , Qamar Zia Ahmad
Published: January 2019

The researcher aimed at investigating the effects of overcrowded classes on the teaching learning process at secondary level. By nature, this research study was descriptive so survey research design was employed and a closed ended questionnaire having twenty items related to the research problem were developed on five point Likert’s scale for the teachers (Senior Science Teachers) and the 10th grade students of government high schools from three tehsils of district Nankana Sahib. Pilot study was conducted to achieve the reasonable face and content validity and reliability, expert opinions and testretest techniques were used and 0.891 Pearson’s product moment was assured. One hundred (100) questionnaires for SSTs both males and female and 120 questionnaires for students both boys and girls were administered personally and with the help of some friends, six principals both of male and female were interviewed using structured interview schedule data collection technique and data was collected. On the basis of analysis and interpretation of data, indiscipline classes due to overcrowdings affect the teaching learning process badly; the performance of the students is not easily assessed in overcrowded classes and teachers are unable to interact with students easily in overcrowded classes were the conclusions of this research study. The researcher suggested that the government must make it possible to implement the law of recommended class size and reduce the problem by building more classrooms for the students at secondary level. Policy makers may formulate the policies for the effective assessment and evaluation process.
Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale
Authors: Ahmad Mumtaz , Tahir Asma , Sohail Nadeem
Published: January 2019

In this research, we visit literature directed seven steps procedure of scale development and incorporate it in studying dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus finalized 16 items neurotransmitters scale. We incorporated 6 samples for construction of reliable multi-aspect questionnaire that imitated across the samples. We confirm the content adequacy qualitatively and quantitatively including discriminant and convergent validity. We also established the criterion-related validity through the instrument’s relation with measures of behavioral aspects of individual investors. This research proposes that the neurotransmitters scale is valid and reliable. Neurotransmitters as dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine have significant use for individual stock markets investors. This investigators hope that the corroborated scale is reliable as well as valid and will be appropriate to utilize in upcoming studies of neurofinance.
A Conceptual Framework on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Corporate Image
Authors: Azhar Muhammad Salman , Othman Ismail Bin Lebai , Ahmad Norzieiriani
Published: January 2019

This research study is intended to deliver a swift review of what is previously known about customer satisfaction and enhanced understanding of the factors of customer relationship management (CRM) in relation to customer satisfaction. By examining the literature of prior studies, this article requires enhanced understanding of customer satisfaction in international airline industry of Pakistan. The study delivers a conceptual framework to broaden the customer satisfaction and the influence of CRM factors comprising service quality, social network interaction, and relationship through solving customer problems, physical environment and trust. The mediating role of corporate image will further strengthen the connection of CRM factors and customer satisfaction. The research findings supplement the present literature of CRM by enhancing the understanding of the dimensions of customer satisfaction. The proposed conceptual framework makes an essential input to the current literature on customer satisfaction by addressing its theoretical and practical implications.
“For Murder, though have no Tongue, will Speak”, Hamlet Speaks for the Contemporary Problems around the Word
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Muazzam , Shafiq Zubair , Ayesha Umtul
Published: January 2019

People from different countries reshape and revise Hamlet to suit their situations and alter their personalities accordingly. Hamlet highlights issues in political, moral, social and cultural spheres of a country. Shakespeare’s Hamlet attracts the minds of readers to the extent that they establish a link with their unconscious minds; thus resulting in an empathetic connection between readers, characters and the adapters. This paper offers an analysis of the different adaptations of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in some countries. It delineates the link between Hamlet and its adaptations, particularly Haider –an Indian adaptation. This paper compares Hamlet and Haider and draws parallels between the two in order to highlight and address contemporary problems especially that of conflict between Pakistan and India over Kashmir. This paper talks about Haider that successfully created the desired impact which should be the purpose of an adapted play. Essentially qualitative in nature, this paper uses the lens of Linda Hutcheon –Theory of Adaptation- to conduct textual analysis.
Changing Climate Patterns and Women Health: An Empirical Analysis of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Ajaz Tahseen , Majeed Muhammad Tariq
Published: January 2019

Climate change, the greatest environmental challenge of current era, affects human health badly. Natural hazards such as storms, droughts, excessive rains, floods, droughts and increasing temperature always threaten human health. South Asian rural women bear more household responsibilities than men in terms of fetching water and burning biomass fuel for cooking and heating. To obtain these resources women have to go out and are more exposed to outdoor environment and the increased exposure make them more amenable to the effects of changing climatic and weather patterns. The objective of this study is to document women health impacts under climate change in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. We find that climate change increases the incidence of diseases which affect physical health. In developing countries, extreme weather patterns disproportionally affect vulnerable population like women, children and others bear burden of illness. Pakistan also faces heat waves fluctuation during summer and extreme rainfall pattern which have severe effect on overall health of individuals. We conclude that climatic changes (increasing heat intensity, dry spells, unusual rains and others) affect women health badly. The state has to improve our climate by offering effective policies. This may include reforestation, plantation in and outside homes and environmental friendly policies like renewable energy that is a shift from coal and oil investing energy projects. Increase of green areas within urban localities is also needed.
Academic Performance of Students in Mathematics and English: A Case Study of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Dost Muhammad , Ali Amjad , Alamgir Inayat Ullah
Published: January 2019

The present study investigates the major factors associated with academic performance of students in Mathematics and English. The data are collected from matric level students who have passed the 9th class examination in the area of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan through questionnaire. The performance in these two subjects is measured through scores of students in 9th class board examination in these subjects. Significant factors in the performance in these subjects are measured through Chi-square test of association. The analysis conclude that the factors area, accommodation, daily study hour, parent’s education and parent’s concept of Mathematics and English were found to be significantly associated with the performance in these two subjects.
Literary Responses to the War on Terror: A Psychological Analysis
Authors: Jadoon Aisha , Wasif Samia , Imtiaz Uzma
Published: January 2019

Politics as theory and practice of the power, and the existence of authoritative structures for the governance of a country remains among the staple contents of imaginative literature. The catastrophic incident of 9/11 at the turn of the new millennium has not only impacted the international politics but also resulted in the proliferation of political ideas in the literary writings. Glut production of fiction on War on Terror exposes the readers to the wide range of ideological constructions regarding the issue. Compared to the theoretical discourse, fiction serves as a better medium to persuasively depict the emotional and psychological traumas of the local population whose lives continue to suffer years after the 9/11 tragedy. In particular, Fatima Bhutto’s novel The Shadow of the Crescent Moon (2013) counters the fixed ideas about War on Terror. By portraying the social and political relationships and institutions within which this evil conflict thrives, she draws into our imagination the understanding and reality of the War on Terror, and to those who are its worst victims. For Bhutto, the psychological understanding of the worst victims of war on terror reveal that neither West nor the Pakistani state has suffered those dire consequences that the youth of the tribal areas face. As a consequence of this unending war, their fate is sealed as ‘lost generation’, both as a result of denial of justice, and the destruction caused by war on terror.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Dan Solvabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham Perbankan Dengan Inflasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating Pada Periode 2007-2015
Authors: Noviyah Nyi Mas Rizki
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of profitability (ROA), liquidity (LDR), and solvency (DER) to the stock price of banking and find out whether inflation moderates the effect of profitability (ROA), liquidity (LDR), and solvency (DER) to the stock price of banking. Data collection method used is the method of research libraries. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear panel regression and hypothesis testing using t-statistics as well as the interaction test Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with significance level of 5 percent. Data were processed using Eviews program ver. 6.0. The results showed that the profitability (ROA) and liquidity (LDR) have positive and significant impact to the stock price of banking, but the solvency (DER) have negative and significant impact to the stock price of banking.. In addition, inflation is moderating influence liquidity (LDR) and solvency (DER) to the stock price of banking. While on influence profitability (ROA) to the stock price banking, inflation does not moderate significantly.

 

Keywords: profitability (ROA), liquidity (LDR), solvency (DER),stock price of banking, inflation