bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PrEggNut Study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of a maternal diet rich in eggs and peanuts from <23 weeks’ gestation during pregnancy to 4 months’ lactation on infant IgE-mediated egg and peanut allergy outcomes
Authors: Palmer Debra J , Sullivan Thomas R , Campbell Dianne E , Nanan Ralph , Gold Michael S , Hsu Peter S , Netting Merryn J , McWilliam Vicki , Koplin Jennifer J , Perrett Kirsten P , Quinn Patrick , O'Sullivan Michael , Prescott Susan L , Grivell Rosalie , Makrides Maria
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Clinical studies supported by immunological data indicate early life intervention strategies to be promising in reducing the growing global burden of food allergies. The events that predispose to food allergy, including the induction of allergen-specific immune responses, appear to be initiated early in development. Early exposure to food allergens in utero and via breast milk is likely to be important in initiating oral tolerance. We aim to determine the effectiveness of higher maternal food allergen consumption during pregnancy and lactation on infant food allergy outcomes.

Methods and analysis

This is a multisite, parallel, two-arm (1:1 allocation), single-blinded (outcome assessors, statistical analyst and investigators), randomised controlled trial. Pregnant women (<23 weeks’ gestation) whose (unborn) infants have at least two biological family members (mother, father or siblings) with medically diagnosed allergic disease are eligible to participate. After obtaining written informed consent, pregnant women are randomised to either a high egg and peanut diet (at least 6 eggs and 60 peanuts per week) or standard (low) egg and peanut diet (no more than 3 eggs and 30 peanuts per week). The women are asked to follow their allocated diet from <23 weeks’ gestation to 4 months’ lactation. The primary outcome is food challenge proven IgE-mediated egg and/or peanut allergy in the infants at 12 months of age. Key secondary outcomes include infant sensitisation to egg and/or peanut and infant eczema. Our target sample size is 2136 women. Analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis according to a pre-specified statistical analysis plan.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number HREC/18/WCHN/42). Trial results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000937213.
Clinico-epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease in the South Asian region: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Weerakoon Harshi , Vithanage Ishari , Alahakoon Oshadhi , Weerakoon Kosala
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Pathogenesis of gallstones (GS) is multifactorial and is influenced by numerous environmental and genetic risk factors. As a result, clinico-epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of GS vary in different populations. Understanding the aetiopathogenesis of GS for different populations is imperative in control and prevention of GS disease and its associated complications. This protocol describes the methodology of a scoping review which focuses on synthesising the most updated knowledge on GS disease in South Asia.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review proposed in this protocol will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual. Accordingly, population, concept and context strategy will be used to formulate the scoping review question, eligibility criteria and search strategy. In the search, electronic databases, MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Trip, and Google scholar, as well as various grey literature sources will be used in synthesising and presenting the findings on clinico-epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of GS disease in South Asia.

Ethics and dissemination

As secondary data will be used in the study, ethical approval will not be required. The scoping review proposed by this protocol will accurately summarise the current knowledge on GS disease in South Asia based on published and unpublished literature on the field. Thus, the evidence presented in the review will be important for healthcare providers to make decisions on the control and prevention of GS disease and as well as to identify future research priorities on GS disease in South Asia.
Association between chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and benzodiazepine prescription in patients with radicular low back pain: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA
Authors: Trager Robert James , Cupler Zachary A , DeLano Kayla J , Perez Jaime A , Dusek Jeffery A
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Although chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) and prescription benzodiazepines are common treatments for radicular low back pain (rLBP), no research has examined the relationship between these interventions. We hypothesise that utilisation of CSMT for newly diagnosed rLBP is associated with reduced odds of benzodiazepine prescription through 12 months’ follow-up.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National, multicentre 73-million-patient electronic health records-based network (TriNetX) in the USA, queried on 30 July 2021, yielding data from 2003 to the date of query.

Participants

Adults aged 18–49 with an index diagnosis of rLBP were included. Serious aetiologies of low back pain, structural deformities, alternative neurological lesions and absolute benzodiazepine contraindications were excluded. Patients were assigned to cohorts according to CSMT receipt or absence. Propensity score matching was used to control for covariates that could influence the likelihood of benzodiazepine utilisation.

Outcome measures

The number, percentage and OR of patients receiving a benzodiazepine prescription over 3, 6 and 12 months’ follow-up prematching and postmatching.

Results

After matching, there were 9206 patients (mean (SD) age, 37.6 (8.3) years, 54% male) per cohort. Odds of receiving a benzodiazepine prescription were significantly lower in the CSMT cohort over all follow-up windows prematching and postmatching (p<0.0001). After matching, the OR (95% CI) of benzodiazepine prescription at 3 months was 0.56 (0.50 to 0.64), at 6 months 0.61 (0.55 to 0.68) and 12 months 0.67 (0.62 to 0.74). Sensitivity analysis suggested a patient preference to avoid prescription medications did not explain the study findings.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that receiving CSMT for newly diagnosed rLBP is associated with reduced odds of receiving a benzodiazepine prescription during follow-up. These results provide real-world evidence of practice guideline-concordance among patients entering this care pathway. Benzodiazepine prescription for rLBP should be further examined in a randomised trial including patients receiving chiropractic or usual medical care, to reduce residual confounding.
Association between medication adherence and disease outcomes in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Fu Kuo-Yu , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Chen Jou-An , Hsieh Vivian Chia-Rong
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate medication adherence among patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis who developed decompensation and mortality, and to examine the association between medication adherence and patients’ disease outcomes.

Design

In this retrospective case–control study, patients aged over 20 years old and diagnosed with both chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis from 2007 to 2016 are identified using a population-based medical claims database. Two prognosis endpoints (decompensation and mortality) are used, respectively, to classify subjects into two different case–control sets. Study groups are propensity-score matched. Medication possession ratio (MPR) is used as a measure of treatment adherence for oral antiviral drugs, and conditional logistic regression models are used to estimate the odds of decompensation and mortality after accounting for MPR and other covariates.

Results

Between decompensated and compensated patients, longer term treatment adherence is seen higher in the compensated group versus the decompensated group: 1-year MPR (0.65±0.43 vs 0.57±0.53) and 6-month MPR (0.79±0.52 vs 0.76±0.79). On the contrary, 3-month adherence is higher in the decompensated group (1.00±1.15 vs 0.96±0.79). For patients with and without mortality, drug adherence is ubiquitously higher in the alive group regardless of follow-up length: 1-year MPR (0.62±0.44 vs 0.50±0.51), 6-month MPR (0.78±0.62 vs 0.69±0.72) and 3-month MPR (0.97±0.91 vs 0.96±1.12). After accounting for confounding variables, we find that the likelihood of complicated cirrhosis is significantly lower in more adherent patients and the benefit increases with more persistent adherence (log 1-year MPR OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.77). Similar results are observed for the adjusted likelihood of mortality (log 1-year MPR OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.72).

Conclusions

Long-term patient adherence to oral antiviral therapy remains inadequate in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Their adherence to oral antiviral therapy appears to be inversely associated with decompensation and mortality.
Gender disparities in alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lawin Dennis , Lawrenz Thorsten , Marx Kristin , Danielsmeier Nils Benedikt , Poudel Madan Raj , Stellbrink Christoph
Published: June 2022

Objective

Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) improves symptoms in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). We conducted a large retrospective analysis investigating gender effects on outcome after ASA.

Methods and results

1367 ASAs between 2002 and 2020 were analysed. Women (47.2%) were older (66.0 years (IQR 55.0–74.0) vs 54.0 years (IQR 45.0–62.0); p<0.0001) with more severe symptoms. The interventricular septal diameter (IVSD) was higher in men (21.0 mm (IQR 19.0–24.0) vs 20.0 mm (IQR 18.0–23.0); p<0.0001) but the IVSD indexed to body surface area was higher in women (10.9 mm/m2(IQR 9.7–12.7) vs 10.2 mm/m2(IQR 9.0–11.7); p<0.0001). Women had lower exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract gradients (LVOTG) 1–4 days after ASA (55.0 mm Hg (IQR 30.0–109.0) vs 71.0 mm Hg (IQR 37.0–115.0); p=0.0006). There was a trend for lower resting LVOTG 1–4 days after ASA (20.0 mm Hg (IQR 12.0–37.5) vs 22.0 mm Hg (IQR 13.0–40.0); p=0.0062) and lower exercise-induced LVOTG after 6 months in women (34.0 mm Hg (IQR 21.0–70.0) vs 43.5 mm Hg (IQR 25.0–74.8); p=0.0072), but this was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. More women developed atrioventricular (AV) block (20.3% vs 13.3%; p=0.0005) and required a pacemaker (17.4% vs 10.4%; p=0.0002) but not a cardioverter defibrillator (9.0% vs 11.6% in men; p=n .s.). However, in multivariable regression models, there was no evidence that sex independently influenced LVOTG and the occurrence of AV block.

Conclusion

Female patients with HOCM were older and had more advanced disease at the time of ASA. Women had superior short-term haemodynamic response to ASA but more often developed AV block after ASA. These results are important to consider for sex-specific counselling before ASA.
Frequency, predictors and cardiovascular outcomes associated with transthoracic echocardiographic findings during acute ischaemic stroke hospitalisation
Authors: Sharma Richa , Silverman Scott , Patel Shaun , Schwamm Lee H , Sanborn Danita Yoerger
Published: June 2022

Objective

To characterise the clinical utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at the time of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Background

The utility of obtaining a TTE during AIS hospitalisation is uncertain.

Methods

We studied AIS hospitalisations at a single centre (2002–2016). TTE abnormalities were classified as findings associated with: high stroke risk (Category I), cardiac events (Category II) and of unclear significance (Category III). We performed logistic regressions to predict Category I, II and III abnormalities. The odds of 1 year recurrent stroke hospitalisation captured by ICD 9 and 10 codes as a function of Category I, II and III abnormalities were assessed. Improvement in predictive capacity for 1 year recurrent ischaemic stroke hospitalisation beyond stroke risk factors was evaluated by net reclassification improvement.

Results

There were 5523 AIS hospitalisations. Nearly 81% of admission TTEs were abnormal (18.7% Category I, 32.7% Category II, 72.8% Category III). Older patients with coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, and patent intracranial and extracranial vessels were likely to have an abnormal TTE. Category I finding was associated with lower odds of 1-year recurrent stroke hospitalisation (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.96). Category I data significantly improved the predictive value for 1-year recurrent ischaemic stroke hospitalisation beyond stroke risk factors (net reclassification improvement 0.1563, 95% CI 0.0465 to 0.2661).

Conclusions

TTE abnormalities associated with stroke and cardiac event risk were commonly detected during AIS hospitalisation. Detection of Category I TTE findings reduced the risk of recurrent stroke, potentially due to neutralisation of the cardioembolic source by targeted therapy, indicating the clinical utility of TTE.
Distribution and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke with negative diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Wang Yu , Jing Jing , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

To examine the distribution and prognosis among patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-negative acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and explore the differences between mild (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5) and major (NIHSS score >5) ischaemic stroke in DWI-negative patients.

Methods

Patients with AIS with baseline DWI from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III), based on a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study, between August 2015 and March 2018, were included. Patients were classified into negative and positive DWI groups depending on the existence of acute lesions on DWI.

Results

Among 12 026 patients who had an ischaemic stroke, 932 (7.7%) had negative DWI. As the NIHSS score increased, the proportion of patients with DWI-negative AIS gradually decreased. Negative DWI was associated with a decreased risk of stroke recurrence (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.82), combined vascular events (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.92), mortality (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.995) and poor functional outcomes (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.76) within 1 year in all patients. Similar associations were observed in patients with mild AIS (p<0.05 for all) but not in patients with major AIS, excluding poor functional outcomes (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.81).

Conclusions

The proportion of patients with DWI-negative AIS gradually decreased as the NIHSS score increased, and negative DWI was mainly observed in patients with mild AIS. Negative DWI was associated with a better prognosis for all patients with AIS. However, these associations were significant for mild AIS but not for those with major AIS.
Measurement of the $${}^{212}{\mathrm{Po}}$$, $$^{214}\hbox {{Po}}$$ and $$^{212}\hbox {{Pb}}$$ half-life time with Timepix3
Authors: Bergmann Benedikt , Jelínek Jindřich
Published: June 2022

The half-life times of the relatively short-lived $$\alpha $$
α
-decaying isotopes $$^{212}\hbox {{Po}}$$

212

Po

and $$^{214}\hbox {{Po}}$$

214

Po

were measured with a hybrid pixel detector of Timepix3 technology. Radon daughter products were collected at the backside of a 1 mm thick silicon sensor so that subsequent decays inject the polonium isotopes of interest shallowly into the backside of the sensor. The detector’s high spatial and time resolution allow for particle identification and application of the delayed coincidence technique with low systematic uncertainty even at high rates. We find $$t_{1/2}^{^{212}{\hbox {Po}}} = ( 295.02 \pm 0.18{_{\mathrm{stat.}}} \pm 0.17_{\mathrm{syst.}} )\,\hbox {ns}$$

t

1
/
2

212

Po

=

(
295.02
±
0.18

stat
.

±
0
.

17

syst
.

)

ns

and $$t_{1/2}^{{}^{214}\mathrm{Po}} = ( 163.64 \pm 0.038{_{\mathrm{stat.}}} \pm 0.093_{\mathrm{syst.}} )\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$

t

1
/
2

214

Po

=

(
163.64
±
0.038

stat
.

±
0
.

093

syst
.

)

μ
s

. Studying the decay of the accumulated radon daughter products after removing the detector from the $$^{220}\hbox {{Rn}}$$

220

Rn

field, the half-life time of the $$\beta $$
β
-decay of $$^{212}\hbox {{Pb}}$$

212

Pb

was measured to be $$t_{1/2}^{^{212}{\mathrm{Pb}}} = ( 10.620 \pm 0.011_{\mathrm{stat.}} \pm 0.014_{\mathrm{syst.}} )\,\hbox {h}$$

t

1
/
2

212

Pb

=

(
10.620
±
0
.

011

stat
.

±
0
.

014

syst
.

)

h

. The results are discussed in the context of previous works.
A lower limit for Newtonian-noise models of the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Harms Jan , Naticchioni Luca , Calloni Enrico , De Rosa Rosario , Ricci Fulvio , D’Urso Domenico
Published: June 2022

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) underground observatory. It will have greatly increased sensitivity compared to current GW detectors, and it is designed to extend the observation band down to a few Hz. At these frequencies, a major limitation of the ET sensitivity is predicted to be due to gravitational fluctuations produced by the environment, most importantly by the seismic field, which give rise to the so-called Newtonian noise (NN). Accurate models of ET NN are crucial to assess the compatibility of an ET candidate site with the ET sensitivity target also considering a possible reduction in NN by noise cancellation. With NN models becoming increasingly complex as they include details of geology and topography, it is crucial to have tools to make robust assessments of their accuracy. For this purpose, we derive a lower bound on seismic NN spectra, which is weakly dependent on geology and properties of the seismic field. As a first application, we use the lower limit to compare it with NN estimates recently calculated for the Sardinia and Euregio Meuse–Rhine (EMR) candidate sites. We find the utility of the method, which shows an inconsistency with the predictions for the EMR site, which indicates that ET NN models require further improvement.
Additional Closeness of Cycle Graphs
Authors: Dangalchev Chavdar
Published: June 2022

The additional closeness is a very important characteristic of graphs. It measures the maximal closeness of a graph after adding a new link and it is an indication of the growth potential of graphs’ closeness. Most of the time calculating the additional closeness requires solving nontrivial optimization problems. In this article, the additional closenesses of cycles, gear, and some other graphs are calculated. Bounds for additional closeness of graphs are discussed.
Learning algebraic structures: Preliminary investigations
Authors: He Yang-Hui , Kim Minhyong
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we employ techniques of machine learning, exemplified by support vector machines and neural classifiers, to initiate the study of whether artificial intelligence (AI) can “learn” algebraic structures. Using finite groups and finite rings as a concrete playground, we find that questions such as identification of simple groups by “looking” at the Cayley table or correctly matching addition and multiplication tables for finite rings can, at least for structures of small size, be performed by the AI, even after having been trained only on small number of cases. These results are in tandem with recent investigations on whether AI can solve certain classes of problems in algebraic geometry.
In their own words: impact of donor information and personal statements on humanization of donors in a gross anatomy course
Authors: Mueller Caroline M. , Allison Sara M.
Published: June 2022

A look at the use of donor personal statements and information to humanize donors and how it influenced students’ experiences in a gross anatomy laboratory.
Athlete Health Status Assessment Based on Edge Computing Model and Large-Scale Multimedia Health Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun
Published: June 2022

This study explores the athlete’s health status evaluation system based on an edge computing model and large-scale multimedia health data analysis in order to improve the assessment effect of athletes’ current health state. In addition to that, this research builds a wireless signal propagation model in edge areas using bicubic polynomial interpolation, improves the accuracy of DEM data by using bicubic polynomial interpolation, and digitally represents the sports field by utilizing DEM data. In addition to that, the model and DEM data are utilized in this paper to realize the site selection process for base station networking. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the athletes’ health status evaluation system suggested in this research, which is based on the edge computing model and the large-scale multimedia health data analysis, has a good effect on the assessment of athletes’ health.
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Associated Factors among COVID-19 Inpatients and Outpatients
Authors: Sofian Masoomeh , Khansarinejad Behzad , Ghaznavi-Rad Ehsanollah , Shokoohi Farzaneh , Mazaherpour Hossein , Farmani Farzane , Sadat Larijani Mona , Pakpour Leila , Ramezani Amitis
Published: June 2022

Background. According to the contagious ability of the new virus, SARS-CoV-2, characterization of viral shedding duration in the period of infection is highly valuable in terms of providing quarantine guidelines and isolation policies. Therefore, we aimed at viral shedding determination in 58 COVID-19 confirmed Iranian subjects in different stages. Methods. 58 COVID-19 confirmed Iranian subjects including 21 outpatients and 37 inpatients were investigated. The analytical data and clinical properties were documented in the standard questionnaire. The RT-PCR tests were done two and three weeks after the symptoms initiation. Results. Viral eradication occurred in 44.8% two weeks after illness initiation whereas in 71% who achieved a negative PCR test in the third week. Moreover, prolonged viral shedding was observed in hospitalized cases in comparison to outpatients. Almost 30% of patients continued viral shedding three weeks after disease initiation. Conclusion. A longer duration of viral shedding in hospitalized cases rather than outpatients was observed in this study. The results similar to other investigations call into question if the current policies are enough to prevent the viral spread or not. This study should be done on a larger sample to provide an appropriate time in isolation policy.
Convergence Analysis of New Construction Explicit Methods for Solving Equilibrium Programming and Fixed Point Problems
Authors: Khunpanuk Chainarong , Pakkaranang Nuttapol , Panyanak Bancha
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present improved iterative methods for evaluating the numerical solution of an equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space with a pseudomonotone and a Lipschitz-type bifunction. The method is built around two computing phases of a proximal-like mapping with inertial terms. Many such simpler step size rules that do not involve line search are examined, allowing the technique to be enforced more effectively without knowledge of the Lipschitz-type constant of the cost bifunction. When the control parameter conditions are properly defined, the iterative sequences converge weakly on a particular solution to the problem. We provide weak convergence theorems without knowing the Lipschitz-type bifunction constants. A few numerical tests were performed, and the results demonstrated the appropriateness and rapid convergence of the new methods over traditional ones.
Using Advanced Analytic Techniques to Optimize Cyber-Physical Defensive Plans in Sports Infrastructures and Facilities
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: June 2022

The technical projects for securing a network of infrastructures and processes are designed, financed, carried out, maintained, and operated within a general infrastructure system, which can gather activities and funds of the private or public sector. The importance of such projects for modern society is enormous, and there is a positive correlation between the size of infrastructure projects and the strength of the national economy. At the same time, it falls within the critical infrastructure sector most of the time. This work, taking into account the massive importance of investments made in the field of sports and the corresponding significance of the design and implementation of robust cybersecurity systems, presents an innovative optimization system for the design, performance, and adaptation of safeguards of technical projects, which require a high level of security standards. A realistic optimization system of low computational complexity is proposed and tested, dividing the problem into a series of subproblems of one-step optimization, which can be solved with great ease and without requirements on computational resources. The great innovation of the proposed system is that the separation is done so that the solution results from the optimal individual solutions of the subproblems without affecting the final result.
Effect of Xylanase and Pentosanase Enzymes on Dough Rheological Properties and Quality of Baguette Bread
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Zoghi Alaleh , Azizi Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2022

The wheat flour baguette bread is one of the most important foods throughout the world. Therefore, improving the quality of this type of white bread has always been of interest. In this study, the effect of xylanase and pentosanase enzymes on the rheological properties of dough and baguette bread characteristics was investigated. Adding xylanase and/or pentosanase had led to improve rheological properties of the dough. Using 0.2 gr pentosanase in 100 g flour significantly strengthened the gluten network of the dough. Also, this treatment had the lowest extensibility and the highest resistance ratio number. The treatment containing 0.6 g xylanase and 0.1 g pentosanase in 100 g flour had a higher moisture content on the first, third, and fifth days of storage time. Regarding the color of the crust of the produced bread, it was found that the addition of both enzymes at higher levels, especially in enzyme mixtures, decreased the brightness of the bread crust. Due to the organoleptic features of breads, adding xylanase and pentosanase enzymes could improve the volume and crumb texture of the bread, but no significant difference was observed in baking uniformity, physical shape, taste, and odor of bread crumbs. In conclusion, the findings in this study indicated that the type of enzymes added and enzyme levels affected dough rheology, bread properties, and quality of the baguette bread significantly.
Epidemiological Survey of Thyroid Nodules in 2098 Patients for Routine Physical Examination in Fujian, China
Authors: Huang Xishun , Qiu Yaohui , Chen Yihui , Chen Lin , Yi Jiao , Luo Xiaohua
Published: June 2022

Objective. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence, ultrasound manifestations, and signs of thyroid nodules (thyroid nodules, TNS) in the healthy population, in order to provide a basis for the early diagnosis, treatment, and health education for clinical prevention of thyroid diseases. Methods. The data of 2098 physical examination clients who underwent thyroid color Doppler ultrasound examination at our hospital’s physical examination center from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, were randomly selected, and the prevalence, size, nature, number, and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) classification of the thyroid nodules were statistically analyzed. Results. Of the 2098 results analyzed, 992 cases (47.28%) had thyroid nodules; 327 (15.59%) males and 665 (31.70%) females. The prevalence among females was significantly higher than that among males (p < 0.01), and the prevalence increased with age (p < 0.05). The composition ratios of multiple nodules and single nodules in each age group were compared, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Detected thyroid nodules were mainly solid, and they were significantly different compared to the cystic and mixed nodules (p < 0.01). The actual classification in our study is consistent with the theory of TI‐RADS1∼5 classification. Conclusion. In conclusion, to sum up, thyroid color Doppler ultrasonography is very important for screening thyroid nodules in healthy people during routine physical examination, especially in high‐pressure and high‐intensity working environment, post‐menopausal women, and men with family members with a history of thyroid cancer. Therefore, high‐risk groups are encouraged to have regular thyroid ultrasonography, while health care workers are encouraged to publicize the risk factors of thyroid nodules and the importance of routine thyroid ultrasound examination.
Multitemporal Change Detection and Irregular Land Shape Area Measurement from Multispectral Sensor Images through BSO Algorithm
Authors: Kumar L. Ashok , Jebarani M. R. Ebenezer , Krishnan V. Gokula , Ahmad Mohd Wazih
Published: June 2022

Pixel-based classification and area measurement play a vital role in satellite image processing. The accuracy in classification and area measurement is required for remote monitoring various regions such as water area, cultivation regions, reservoir water spread, and disease spread in cultivation area. Traditionally, Google Earth Pro-based area measurement has error in area measurement due to curvature nature and irregular land surface. Moreover, exact point identification on land surface on Earth pro is difficult due to frequent changes on the land surface. The problem in the land area measurement is mostly affected due to the man-made changes in that particular land area. In this paper, we solve land area measurement error problem through the automated single and multithresholding pixels of different iterations on the land surface by the BSO algorithm. The land cover region pixel intensity changes on the curvature region of land surface with respect to spatial and temporal variations which are identified through BSO optimization-based image segmentation for exact area measurement. For the experimentation of accurate measurement, land area images such as urban, semiurban, hill, and coastal region from LANDSAT and SENTINEL images for period 2016 to 2019 are taken for the land area measurement study. BSO enhances and segments the land regions such as road, building, water body, vegetation, bare land, hill, and coastal region of about 32% more than particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Furthermore, the urban land area measurement accuracy increases to about 97% than the irregular land surface area.
Diagnosis and Nursing Intervention of Gynecological Ovarian Endometriosis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Nijie , Xie Hong , Lin Jiao , Wang Yun , Yin Yanan
Published: June 2022

This research was aimed to study the application value of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis under artificial intelligence algorithms and the effect of nursing intervention on patients with gynecological ovarian endometriosis. 116 patients with ovarian endometriosis were randomly divided into a control group (routine nursing) and an experimental group (comprehensive nursing), with 58 cases in each group. The artificial intelligence fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm was proposed and used in the MRI diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis. The application value of the FCM algorithm was evaluated through the accuracy, Dice, sensitivity, and specificity of the imaging diagnosis, and the nursing satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions were used to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention. The results showed that, compared with the traditional hard C-means (HCM) algorithm, the artificial intelligence FCM algorithm gave a significantly higher partition coefficient, and its partition entropy and running time were significantly reduced, with significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). The average values of Dice, sensitivity, and specificity of patients’ MRI images were 0.77, 0.73, and 0.72, respectively, which were processed by the traditional HCM algorithm, while those values obtained by the improved artificial intelligence FCM algorithm were 0.92, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively; all the values were significantly improved (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the accuracy of MRI diagnosis based on the artificial intelligence FCM algorithm was 94.32 ± 3.05%, which was significantly higher than the 81.39 ± 3.11% under the HCM algorithm (

P
<
0.05

). The overall nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was 96.5%, which was significantly better than the 87.9% of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in the experimental group (7.9%) was markedly lower than that in the control group (24.1%), with a significant difference (

P
<
0.05

). In short, MRI images under the artificial intelligence FCM algorithm could greatly improve the clinical diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis, and the comprehensive nursing intervention would also improve the prognosis and recovery of patients.
Optimization of Cyber Tactics in Sports Strategies Using Hybrid AI Decision-Making Technologies
Authors: Duan Meiling
Published: June 2022

One of the main problems of modern research concerns the optimal design of solutions to address cybersecurity problems, with methods that provide the ability to choose an objective function different from that of the classic problem of more economical design while allowing the use of constraints on any possible variable during planning, including financial resources. The number of corresponding solutions concerns the issue of optimal design of security strategies with a simulation that lies in game theory, with players, the defender on one side defending the system managing the available options of strategic solutions, and the attacker, who chooses the way to strike the system, based on some attack scenarios that cannot be easily predicted. The inherent difficulty of implementing the proposed solutions lies in the combined explosion of all possible combinations that make up the solution space, the complete examination of which requires a lot of computational time and computing resources, to the point that their use becomes unprofitable. This weakness is attributed to even minor problems, and the possible strategies available to the defender are finite but at the same time numerous. To solve the abovementioned problem, the work proposes a hybrid system that aims to identify the best possible approach in the theoretically optimal solution in a short time and with minimal computing resources. Specifically, a heuristic optimization methodology is used with overlapping answers between two contiguous neighborhoods based on the Bloom Filters structure that supports fast listings and searches. This methodology, which is evaluated in optimizing safety strategies in the sports industry, brings about 40% optimization.
Tourism Information Management System Using Neural Networks Driven by Particle Swarm Model
Authors: Gao Xuan , Qi Yuan , Chai Yong , Lei Chun , Wang Jiefei
Published: June 2022

Based on the concept of “smart tourism,” this paper designs and implements a tourism management information system based on PSO-optimized NN. The foreground tourism web page of the system adopts DIV + CSS mode for page planning and layout, PHP as the client script language, and SQL server as the database to store and analyze user information. At the same time, the system adds personalized components to the user’s search ranking results, so that the routes and scenic spots presented in front of users in the result interface are more in line with users’ consumption habits. In order to verify the performance of the model and algorithm constructed in this paper, several experiments were carried out in this paper. Experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of this algorithm is 94.67% and the recall rate is 96.11%. This algorithm can overcome the disadvantages of traditional algorithms and provide some effective suggestions for tourism management. At the same time, this paper applies the concept of “smart tourism” to specific tourism informatization, which can promote the transformation and upgrading of tourism industry structure and further enhance the overall development level of tourism industry.
CRP and ALT Levels in Individuals with Acute Biliary Pancreatitis after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Sun Yuechen
Published: June 2022

Objective. The goal of this study was to see how effective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy was in treating acute biliary pancreatitis and how it affected CRP and ALT levels. Methods. This analysis is based on a 100-patient acute pancreatitis (ABP) study conducted at our institution from June 2019 to June 2020. They were divided into two groups of 50 cases each, the control group and the observational group, according to the random number table. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and ERCP were performed on the observation group instead of open surgery on the control group as a point of comparison (EST). The followings were compared including abdominal pain relief duration, blood amylase recovery duration, and hospital stay duration, as well as Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level; the ALT, AST, and GGT levels of the two groups were compared, as well as the occurrence of problems in both groups. Results. The observation group had a significantly shorter duration of abdominal pain, blood amylase recovery, and hospital stay. Presurgery CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in both groups were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group. According to the results of the study, both groups saw significant decreases in ALT, AST, and GGT after surgery; however, the levels of these markers in both groups were significantly lower in the observation group after surgery than in the control group. The observation group’s (14.00 percent) complication rate was substantially lower. Conclusion. ERCP and EST in the treatment of ABP can not only successfully improve clinical indexes and facilitate the recovery of patients but also reduce the levels of CRP and alt, reduce the level of inflammation, and enhance renal function, with reduced problems, which has a high clinical reference value.
Smart City Public Safety Intelligent Early Warning and Detection
Authors: Sha Yutian , Li Mohan , Xu Huikun , Zhang Shaohan , Feng Tianxin
Published: June 2022

This study conducts in-depth research and analysis on the intelligent monitoring and early warning of public safety machines in the construction of smart cities, taking risk management theory as the theoretical basis and combining it with the actual situation, i.e., constructing a public safety risk management framework under the background of proposing urban refinement management, a typical case for in-depth analysis, and understanding how the community carries out public safety risk prevention and control through research and interviews and other research methods, mainly including the overall design and the design of application modules for the robot. Based on studying the existing research and combining the advantages of each research method, this study proposes a method suitable for the analysis of this study, which can improve efficiency and accuracy. The robot application module design part, around the system’s main emergency command object, i.e., the robot, details its design in four aspects: data communication, situation display, auxiliary decision-making, and command and dispatch. The technical environment for system development is given, the development framework based on BS structure and the development and implementation of data interface modules are detailed, and the development and implementation of the robot application module are explained in detail. Finally, the system functions and performance, and further optimization directions are given based on the analysis of the test results.
Human Intelligence Analysis through Perception of AI in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Kshirsagar Pravin R. , Jagannadham D. B. V. , Alqahtani Hamed , Noorulhasan Naveed Quadri , Islam Saiful , Thangamani M. , Dejene Minilu
Published: June 2022

Instructional practices have undergone a drastic change as a result of the development of new educational technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) as a teaching and learning technology will be examined in this theoretical review study. To enhance the quality of teaching and learning, the use of artificial intelligence approaches is being studied. Artificial intelligence integration in educational institutions has been addressed, though. Students’ assistance, teaching, learning, and administration are also addressed in the discussion of students’ adoption of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize our social interactions and generate new teaching and learning methods that may be evaluated in a variety of contexts. New educational technology can help students and teachers better accomplish and manage their educational objectives. Artificial intelligence algorithms are used in a hybrid teaching mode in this work to examine students’ attributes and introduce predictions of future learning success. The teaching process may be carried out in a more efficient manner using the hybrid mode. Educators and scientists alike will benefit from artificial intelligence algorithms that may be used to extract useful information from the vast amounts of data collected on human behavior.
A Novel 2D Metal Flow Model for Hot Rolling of Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate
Authors: Hao Pujun , Liu Jingna , Yao Chihuan
Published: June 2022

Considering the serious inhomogeneous distribution of plastic deformation in the rolling process of thick plate, a novel 2D metal flow model is proposed with a quadratic distribution of flow velocity in the thickness direction instead of an equal value used in traditional metal flow models. According to the energy method, this model is solved. Through comparing with the experimental data of rolling force, the accuracy of this model is validated. Then, it is found that with the increase in roll speed, the neutral point moves towards the exit of the deformation zone. However, compared with other models of metal flow in rolling process, the neutral point is distributed much closer to the entrance of the deformation zone. That is because with the quadratic distribution of flow velocity in thickness direction, flow velocity of metal at the surface increases faster than average flow velocity of metal, so that the neutral point appears earlier.
Application Effect of Somatostatin Combined with Transnasal Ileus Catheterization in Patients with Acute Intestinal Obstruction and Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Zhenlu , Liu Zhen , Yu Zongping
Published: June 2022

Objective: To explore the application of somatostatin combined with nasal plug catheterization in patients with advanced gastric cancer and acute intestinal obstruction. Methods. This study included 94 cases of patients with acute intestinal obstruction and advanced gastric cancer, and according to the length of hospital stay, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the study group, with 47 cases in each group. Based on the observations made by the team in the control group given somatostatin combined treatment, we observed two groups of patients with gastrointestinal function, serum index, quality of life, therapeutic effect, and adverse reactions. Results. Abdominal distention, abdominal pain duration, and normal exhaust time were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group. The study group was higher than the control group in terms of gastrointestinal decompression volume, drainage volume, and abdominal circumference reduction within 24 hours (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the levels of CRP, IgA, LPS, and FABP were lower than before, and the levels of CRP, IgA, LPS, and FABP in the former group were much lower than those in the latter group (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before treatment, the former GIQLI scale score was significantly higher than the latter (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the efficiency is much higher than the latter (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the former significantly lowers the incidence of postoperative complications of the latter (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. For patients with advanced gastric cancer and acute intestinal obstruction, it is safe and feasible to use somatostatin combined with transnasal intestinal obstruction catheterization to restore gastrointestinal function, improve inflammatory response, and promote the improvement of quality of life with high safety and feasibility.
Bilateral Acromioclavicular Joint Subluxation in an Adolescent with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Colón Luis F. , Padgett Anthony M. , Powell Charles W. , Morrow Dillon L. , Bruce Jeremy R.
Published: June 2022

Bilateral acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a rare occurrence, with only one reported case in the literature published in 1984. We present the case of a 15-year-old male with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) who presented with complaints of subsequent nontraumatic bilateral ACJ subluxations and pain. ACJ reconstruction via an open mini-Mumford procedure was performed on this patient on two separate occasions with successful outcomes. The patient demonstrated decreased pain and increased stability during the postoperative period. EDS is a rare collagen disorder that is usually characterized by abnormal skin elasticity, bleeding tendencies, and, most importantly for this case, joint hypermobility. It is important to have an elevated index of clinical suspicion for potential joint subluxations and injuries in patients with a known history of collagen disease.
Esophageal Submucosal Hematoma after Transesophageal Echocardiography under General Anesthesia
Authors: Habu Tsugumi , Koizumi Eriko , Goto Osamu , Noda Hiroto , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Onda Takeshi , Omori Jun , Akimoto Naohiko , Kaise Mitsuru , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: June 2022

Esophageal submucosal hematoma is a rare disease mainly caused by mechanical stimulation to the esophageal wall. We reported a case of esophageal submucosal hematoma after transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) which was performed during cardiovascular surgery. The stimuli of TEE insertion under general anesthesia and the perioperative use of multiple antithrombotic agents were considered as a possible cause. This is the first report of esophageal submucosal hematoma related to TEE, and endoscopic ultrasonography should be carefully performed in patients, particularly at bleeding tendency and without consciousness.
Análise da cobertura jornalística dos jornais Nexo e O Estado de S. Paulo sobre a crise político-econômica da Venezuela nos anos de 2018 e 2019
Authors: Malar João Pedro
Published: June 2022

A pesquisa abordada neste artigo buscou analisar as coberturas dos jornais O Estado de S. Paulo e Nexo Jornal em três momentos da crise política e econômica da Venezuela em 2018 e 2019. Buscou-se estudar os impactos nas coberturas, e temas abordados, pelo contexto digital. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão de bibliografia, entrevistas com profissionais e a análise de 178 matérias. Notou-se que as coberturas foram semelhantes em conteúdo e tom. Os principais conteúdos exclusivos do primeiro veículo vieram do emprego de enviados especiais, o que se tornou um meio de diferenciação em relação ao conteúdo e ao discurso da cobertura de agências de notícias. Já no Nexo Jornal, o diferencial veio do foco em contextualização, principalmente histórica, e da referenciação de jornais da América Latina, com a perspectiva de jornalistas do país sobre a crise.