bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical modeling of chronic inhibition of the Parkinson’s disease associated kinase LRRK2 reveals altered function of the endolysosomal system in vivo
Authors: Kluss Jillian H. , Mazza Melissa Conti , Li Yan , Manzoni Claudia , Lewis Patrick A. , Cookson Mark R. , Mamais Adamantios
Published: March 2021

The most common mutation in the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2), G2019S, causes familial Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and renders the encoded protein kinase hyperactive. While targeting LRRK2 activity is currently being tested in clinical trials as a therapeutic avenue for PD, to date, the molecular effects of chronic LRRK2 inhibition have not yet been examined in vivo. We evaluated the utility of newly available phospho-antibodies for Rab substrates and LRRK2 autophosphorylation to examine the pharmacodynamic response to treatment with the potent and specific LRRK2 inhibitor, MLi-2, in brain and peripheral tissue in G2019S LRRK2 knock-in mice. We report higher sensitivity of LRRK2 autophosphorylation to MLi-2 treatment and slower recovery in washout conditions compared to Rab GTPases phosphorylation, and we identify pS106 Rab12 as a robust readout of downstream LRRK2 activity across tissues. The downstream effects of long-term chronic LRRK2 inhibition in vivo were evaluated in G2019S LRRK2 knock-in mice by phospho- and total proteomic analyses following an in-diet administration of MLi-2 for 10 weeks. We observed significant alterations in endolysosomal and trafficking pathways in the kidney that were sensitive to MLi-2 treatment and were validated biochemically. Furthermore, a subtle but distinct biochemical signature affecting mitochondrial proteins was observed in brain tissue in the same animals that, again, was reverted by kinase inhibition. Proteomic analysis in the lung did not detect any major pathway of dysregulation that would be indicative of pulmonary impairment. This is the first study to examine the molecular underpinnings of chronic LRRK2 inhibition in a preclinical in vivo PD model and highlights cellular processes that may be influenced by therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring LRRK2 physiological activity in PD patients.
Exosomal miR-106b-5p derived from melanoma cell promotes primary melanocytes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through targeting EphA4
Authors: Luan Wenkang , Ding Yuting , Xi Haolan , Ruan Hongru , Lu Feng , Ma Shaojun , Wang Jinlong
Published: March 2021

Background

Cancer-secreted exosomal miRNAs regulates the biological processes of many tumours. The serum level of exosomal miR-106b-5p is significantly increased in melanoma patients. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of exosomal miR-106b-5p in melanoma remains unclear.

Methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-106b-5p and EphA4 in melanoma tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blotting were used to identify exosome. QRT-qPCR and Cy3-labelled miR-106b-5p were used to demonstrated the transmission of melanoma cell-secreted exosomal miR-106b-5p. Western blotting, Immunofluorescence, adhesion, transwell and scratch wound assay were used to explore the role of exosomal miR-106b-5p in melanocytes. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to confirm whether erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A4 (EphA4) was a direct target of miR-106b-5p.

Results

We found that miR-106b-5p levels were increased in melanoma tissue, and high miR-106b-5p expression is an independent risk factor for the overall survival of patients with melanoma. miR-106b-5p is enriched in melanoma cell-secreted exosomes and transferred to melanocytes. Exosomal miR-106b-5p promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion and adhesion of melanocytes. Exosomal miR-106b-5p exerted its role by targeting EphA4 to activate the ERK pathway. We demonstrated that exosomal miR-106b-5p promoted melanoma metastasis in vivo through pulmonary metastasis assay.

Conclusions

Thus, melanoma cell-secreted exosomal miR-106b-5p may serve as a diagnostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in melanoma patients.
Early effects of ventilatory rescue therapies on systemic and cerebral oxygenation in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational study
Authors:   collaborators, Robba Chiara , Ball Lorenzo , Battaglini Denise , Cardim Danilo , Moncalvo Emanuela , Brunetti Iole , Bassetti Matteo , Giacobbe Daniele R. , Vena Antonio , Patroniti Nicolò , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Matta Basil F. , Pelosi Paolo
Published: March 2021

Background

In COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the effectiveness of ventilatory rescue strategies remains uncertain, with controversial efficacy on systemic oxygenation and no data available regarding cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study conducted at San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy. We included adult COVID-19 patients who underwent at least one of the following rescue therapies: recruitment maneuvers (RMs), prone positioning (PP), inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), and extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (ECCO2R). Arterial blood gas values (oxygen saturation [SpO2], partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2] and of carbon dioxide [PaCO2]) and cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) were analyzed before (T0) and after (T1) the use of any of the aforementioned rescue therapies. The primary aim was to assess the early effects of different ventilatory rescue therapies on systemic and cerebral oxygenation. The secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between systemic and cerebral oxygenation in COVID-19 patients.

Results

Forty-five rescue therapies were performed in 22 patients. The median [interquartile range] age of the population was 62 [57–69] years, and 18/22 [82%] were male. After RMs, no significant changes were observed in systemic PaO2and PaCO2values, but cerebral oxygenation decreased significantly (52 [51–54]% vs. 49 [47–50]%,p < 0.001). After PP, a significant increase was observed in PaO2(from 62 [56–71] to 82 [76–87] mmHg,p = 0.005) and rSO2(from 53 [52–54]% to 60 [59–64]%,p = 0.005). The use of iNO increased PaO2(from 65 [67–73] to 72 [67–73] mmHg,p = 0.015) and rSO2(from 53 [51–56]% to 57 [55–59]%,p = 0.007). The use of ECCO2R decreased PaO2(from 75 [75–79] to 64 [60–70] mmHg,p = 0.009), with reduction of rSO2values (59 [56–65]% vs. 56 [53–62]%,p = 0.002). In the whole population, a significant relationship was found between SpO2and rSO2(R = 0.62,p < 0.001) and between PaO2and rSO2(R0 0.54,p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Rescue therapies exert specific pathophysiological mechanisms, resulting in different effects on systemic and cerebral oxygenation in critically ill COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Cerebral and systemic oxygenation are correlated. The choice of rescue strategy to be adopted should take into account both lung and brain needs.

RegistrationThe study protocol was approved by the ethics review board (Comitato Etico Regione Liguria, protocol n. CER Liguria: 23/2020).
Enzymatic response of ryegrass cellulose and hemicellulose valorization introduced by sequential alkaline extractions
Authors: Sun Shao-Fei , Yang Jing , Wang Da-Wei , Yang Hai-Yan , Sun Shao-Ni , Shi Zheng-Jun
Published: March 2021

Background

In view of the natural resistance of hemicelluloses in lignocellulosic biomass on bioconversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars, alkali extraction is considered as an effective method for gradually fractionating hemicelluloses and increasing the bioconversion efficiency of cellulose. In the present study, sequential alkaline extractions were performed on the delignified ryegrass material to achieve high bioconversion efficiency of cellulose and comprehensively investigated the structural features of hemicellulosic fractions for further applications.

Results

Sequential alkaline extractions removed hemicelluloses from cellulose-rich substrates and degraded part of amorphous cellulose, reducing yields of cellulose-rich substrates from 73.0 to 27.7% and increasing crystallinity indexes from 31.7 to 41.0%. Alkaline extraction enhanced bioconversion of cellulose by removal of hemicelluloses and swelling of cellulose, increasing of enzymatic hydrolysis from 72.3 to 95.3%. In addition, alkaline extraction gradually fractionated hemicelluloses into six fractions, containing arabinoxylans as the main polysaccharides and part of β-glucans. Simultaneously, increasing of alkaline concentration degraded hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which resulted in a decreasing their molecular weights from 67,510 to 50,720 g/mol.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that the sequential alkaline extraction conditions had significant effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose and the investigation of the physicochemical properties of hemicellulose. Overall, the investigation the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose-rich substrates and the structural features of hemicelluloses from ryegrass will provide useful information for the efficient utilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses in biorefineries.
Development and evaluation of two-parameter linear free energy models for the prediction of human skin permeability coefficient of neutral organic chemicals
Authors: Naseem Sana , Zushi Yasuyuki , Nabi Deedar
Published: March 2021

The experimental values of skin permeability coefficients, required for dermal exposure assessment, are not readily available for many chemicals. The existing estimation approaches are either less accurate or require many parameters that are not readily available. Furthermore, current estimation methods are not easy to apply to complex environmental mixtures. We present two models to estimate the skin permeability coefficients of neutral organic chemicals. The first model, referred to here as the 2-parameter partitioning model (PPM), exploits a linear free energy relationship (LFER) of skin permeability coefficient with a linear combination of partition coefficients for octanol–water and air–water systems. The second model is based on the retention time information of nonpolar analytes on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). The PPM successfully explained variability in the skin permeability data (n = 175) with R2 = 0.82 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.47 log unit. In comparison, the US-EPA’s model DERMWIN™ exhibited an RMSE of 0.78 log unit. The Zhang model—a 5-parameter LFER equation based on experimental Abraham solute descriptors (ASDs)—performed slightly better with an RMSE value of 0.44 log unit. However, the Zhang model is limited by the scarcity of experimental ASDs. The GC × GC model successfully explained the variance in skin permeability data of nonpolar chemicals (n = 79) with R2 = 0.90 and RMSE = 0.23 log unit. The PPM can easily be implemented in US-EPA’s Estimation Program Interface Suite (EPI Suite™). The GC × GC model can be applied to the complex mixtures of nonpolar chemicals.
Dynamic handoff policy for RAN slicing by exploiting deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wu Yuansheng , Zhao Guanqun , Ni Dadong , Du Junyi
Published: March 2021

It has been widely acknowledged that network slicing is a key architectural technology to accommodate diversified services for the next generation network (5G). By partitioning the underlying network into multiple dedicated logical networks, 5G can support a variety of extreme business service needs. As network slicing is implemented in radio access networks (RAN), user handoff becomes much more complicated than that in traditional mobile networks. As both physical resource constraints of base stations and logical connection constraints of network slices should be considered in handoff decision, an intelligent handoff policy becomes imperative. In this paper, we model the handoff in RAN slicing as a Markov decision process and resort to deep reinforcement learning to pursue long-term performance improvement in terms of user quality of service and network throughput. The effectiveness of our proposed handoff policy is validated via simulation experiments.
Qualitative analysis of a two-group SVIR epidemic model with random effect
Authors: Zhao Kaiyan , Ma Shaojuan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a two-group SVIR epidemic model with random effect. Firstly, the two-group SVIR epidemic model with random perturbation of natural death rate is established. The existence and uniqueness of positive solution are proved by using stopping time theory and the Lyapunov analysis method. Secondly, a property of the system solution is obtained by using the law of strong numbers and the continuous local martingale. Finally, a new combination of Lyapunov functions is applied. The solution of the model we obtained is oscillating around a steady state if the basic reproduction number is less than one, which is the disease-free equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic model. A numerical simulation is presented to verify our theoretical results.
The influence of expressive and instrumental social capital from parents on women and underrepresented minority students’ declaration and persistence in engineering majors
Authors: Puccia Ellen , Martin Julie P. , Smith Chrystal A. S. , Kersaint Gladis , Campbell-Montalvo Rebecca , Wao Hesborn , Lee Reginald , Skvoretz John , MacDonald George
Published: March 2021

Background

Social capital, defined as the people one knows and the resources available through that network of people, has been a key variable in research examining the participation of women and underrepresented minority students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study focuses on two types of social capital: instrumental (concrete advice and resources) and expressive (emotional support and encouragement). The analysis of interviews with 55 White women and women and men underrepresented minority engineering undergraduate students shows how the instrumental and expressive social capital received from parents influenced their students’ declaration of and persistence in the engineering major. Within this analysis, we considered students’ transition to adulthood and the corresponding expectation that parents would still provide support but allow their children to independently determine their own paths.

Results

Participants shared the advice they received from people in their social networks, with the majority of participants highlighting parents as a major contributor of instrumental and expressive social capital. Instrumental social capital was helpful in students’ major declarations and offered them an opportunity to further develop their interests and aptitude in STEM as well as a pathway for obtaining an engineering degree. During the first year of their engineering major, students relied heavily on the expressive social capital of parents when considering whether to stay in engineering; parental encouragement of “you can do it” became a common resource.

Conclusions

These findings offer nuance to explanations of social capital’s influence on STEM degree major declaration and persistence, which often use deficit approaches. In highlighting the resources of social capital, especially expressive support, this work offers educators a new frame of reference for building upon the valuable advice offered by parents to their children completing engineering majors.
Experimental investigations and empirical relationship on the influence of innovative hub geometry in a centrifugal fan for performance augmentation
Authors: Madhwesh N. , Vasudeva Karanth K. , Yagnesh Sharma N.
Published: March 2021

Background

One of the problem areas of fluid flow in the turbomachine is its inlet region, manifested by flow distortions due to the induced fluid swirl accompanied by improper flow incidence onto the impeller. Further, the hub forms one of the main components of many of the turbomachines and it is found that there has not been significant study on geometrical modifications of the same in centrifugal fans for augmented performance. This is partially due to designers trying to reduce the cost of the overall machine.

Objective

There is a scope for detailed parametric study and the present work involves an exploration of flow behavior by parametric variation of hub geometry in terms of both its shape and size.

Methods

Experiments are carried out in order to determine the importance of hub with different size and shapes. The geometric models of hemi-spherical and ellipsoidal hubs are considered for the analyses in the present study.

Results

An optimized ellipsoidal hub configuration is found to yield a relative improvement of about 7.5% for head coefficient and 7.7% increase in relative theoretical efficiency over the hub-less base configuration. Finally, correlations are developed for the optimized hub shape configurations.

Conclusion

It is revealed from experimental analysis that hub plays a vital role in streamlining the flow at the inlet to the centrifugal fan and augments its performance.
Setting up a clozapine service for Parkinson's psychosis
Authors: Taylor Christine , Marsh-Davies Alison , Skelly Rob , Archibald Neil , Jackson Sarah
Published: March 2021

Parkinson's psychosis can be very challenging to manage, with limited treatment options available. There is a good evidence base to support the use of clozapine, but practical obstacles often prevent its use. There is a drive nationally to set up services so that people with Parkinson's psychosis can access treatment with clozapine in a timely manner and, where possible, with initiation in the community. The authors describe their experiences in setting up clozapine services specifically for this patient group in England and offer a practical approach to the assessment of Parkinson's psychosis. They also outline the evidence base in relation to treatment options and share their experiences of prescribing clozapine for Parkinson's psychosis.
Subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder: results from a sample of USA veterans
Authors: Pietrzak Robert H. , Javier Frances G. , Krystal John H. , Southwick Steven M.
Published: March 2021

Subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent than PTSD, yet its role as a potential risk factor for PTSD is unknown. To address this gap, we analysed data from a 7-year, prospective national cohort of USA veterans. Of veterans with subthreshold PTSD at wave 1, 34.3% developed PTSD compared with 7.6% of trauma-exposed veterans without subthreshold PTSD (relative risk ratio 6.4). Among veterans with subthreshold PTSD, specific PTSD symptoms, greater age, cognitive difficulties, lower dispositional optimism and new-onset traumas predicted incident PTSD. Results suggest that preventive interventions targeting subthreshold PTSD and associated factors may help mitigate risk for PTSD in USA veterans.
Resilience and Sovereignty in the Context of Contemporary Biopolitics
Authors: De La Fabián Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

This essay offers a critical history, in the Foucauldian sense, of the contemporary hegemony of resilience as a new risk-management technology. Its hypothesis is that resilience is a new way of conjoining biopolitics with thanatopolitics or sovereign power. If, for Roberto Esposito, the paradigm of immunization explained this deadly linkage, resilience refers to a different biopolitical matrix, one that can no longer be understood in Esposito's terms. While the paradigm of immunization is staked on securing biopolitical bodies, resilience is a strategy for enhancing life itself. This shift, from protecting bodies to protecting life, is related to resilience's biopolitical matrix, which mediates between the molecular fiction of life and an ecological eschatology. The essay concludes, in the first place, that the discourse of resilience entails a naturalization and a seeming depoliticization of precarious forms of life—which must learn not to resist but to adapt to precarity. And, secondly, this essay concludes that, in the context of resilience, the sovereign's old right to kill is no longer invoked in the name of epistemic uncertainty (fear of the unpredictability of the future) but of ontological uncertainty: fear of the annihilation of the conditions of existence for certain life-forms.
Political Struggle in Search of Strategy
Authors: Manfredi Zachary
Published: March 2021

This piece discusses the author's experiences in the Occupy protests at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2011 and the initial travel-ban litigation in 2017. It contrasts the different roles law and violence played in each and reflects on the significance of mass mobilizations for achieving the goals of political movements. The piece also situates these two experiences in the broader context of post-financial-crisis left politics; the conclusion builds on Stuart Hall's reflections on Thatcherism and highlights the need for strategic thinking to link disparate struggles in unified opposition to neoliberalism.
A new species and new genus of Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) from south-eastern Hubei, China
Authors: Chen Zhe-Yu , Ouyang Kai-Chen
Published: March 2021

A new clausiliid species, in a newly proposed genus, Probosciphaedusa mulini gen. et sp. nov. is described from south-eastern Hubei, China. The new taxon is characterised by having thick and cylindrical apical whorls, a strongly expanded lamella inferior and a lamella subcolumellaris that together form a tubular structure at the base of the peristome, and a dorsal lunella connected to both the upper and the lower palatal plicae. Illustrations of the new species are provided.
Analysis of the adventitious fauna of terrestrial molluscs in the centre of the Russian Plain
Authors: Schikov Evgeniy V.
Published: March 2021

The terrestrial mollusc fauna of the central part of the Russian Plain has been analysed with respect to its species composition and the proportion of adventitious species. The classification of adventitious species follows that accepted in Russia. Considerable changes in the fauna took place in the period 2016–2020. Helix lucorum Linnaeus and Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller) were added to the terrestrial malacofauna of the area. Within the last four years, Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon colonised anthropogenic habitats and its spread continues. Krynickillus melanocephalus Kaleniczenko, Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus), and Helix pomatia Linnaeus are now firmly established in natural ecosystems. Populations of A. vulgaris, K. melanocephalus, and A. arbustorum have become so abundant that now they cause significant damage to agricultural crops. In both natural and anthropogenic habitats K. melanocephalus and A. arbustorum displace Succinea putris (Linnaeus), Deroceras laeve (O. F. Müller), D. sturanyi (Simroth), D. invadens Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack et Schlitt, 2011, D. agreste (Linnaeus), D. reticulatum (O. F. Müller), Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller) and Euomphalia strigella (Draparnaud). Interactions between invasive species are discussed. The proportion of alien species in several European countries and in Central Asia is compared.
Depression and smoking – widespread health problems among 14-year-old adolescents in Poland. The results of the SOPKARD-Junior survey
Authors: Pakalska-Korcala Anna , Suligowska Klaudia , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Zdrojewski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Cel pracy

Ocena występowania oraz współwystępowania depresji i nadużywania substancji psychoaktywnych wśród sopockiej młodzieży.

Metoda

W roku 2006 i 2007 w ramach programu SOPKARD-Junior badaniem psychologicznym objęto 316 gimnazjalistów. Zastosowano Skalę Depresji Becka, Krakowski Inwentarz Depresyjny oraz własny kwestionariusz oceniający częstość przyjmowania używek. U młodzieży z objawami depresyjnymi w badaniach kwestionariuszowych wykonano badanie psychiatryczne.
Program SOPKARD-Junior jest wielospecjalistycznym badaniem epidemiologicznym kompleksowo oceniającym stan zdrowia w populacji uczniów drugich klas sopockich gimnazjów.

Wyniki

Objawy depresyjne stwierdzono u 29,4% badanych (37,4% dziewcząt (Dz) i 20,9% chłopców (Chł) (p<0,05). W badaniu psychiatrycznym: u 4,1% młodzieży (5,5% Dz i 2,6% Chł) potwierdzono rozpoznanie depresji. Przyjmowanie używek (okazjonalne i regularne) deklarowało: papierosy - 20,2% młodzieży (24% Dz. i 16,4% Chł., p<0,05), alkohol - 45,9% (50,9% Dz. i 40,5% Chł, p<0,05) i narkotyki - 6,3% (6,2% Dz. i 6,6% Chł., n.s.). Młodzież z objawami depresyjnymi istotnie częściej niż młodzież bez objawów depresyjnych pali papierosy ( 30,1% vs 16,1%, p<0,05) i pije alkohol (61,3% vs 39,5%, p<0,05).

Wnioski

1. Wśród młodzieży stwierdzono znaczne rozpowszechnienie objawów depresyjnych
– co trzecia dziewczynka i co piąty chłopiec ma depresyjny przebieg dorastania.
W badaniu lekarskim rozpoznanie epizodu depresji potwierdzono u 4% młodzieży – u dziewczynek dwukrotnie częściej niż u chłopców.
2. Co piąty badany pali papierosy. Dziewczynki istotnie częściej niż chłopcy palą papierosy i piją alkohol.
3. Obecność objawów depresyjnych u młodzieży prawie dwukrotnie zwiększa ryzyko używania tytoniu i alkoholu.
Is psychodynamic psychotherapy a useful approach in treatment of bipolar disorder? A review of research, actualization of technique and clinical illustrations
Authors: Kalita Lech
Published: March 2021

Autor przedstawia rolę psychoterapii psychodynamicznej w leczeniu choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej. Zaznacza ogólne miejsce interwencji psychologicznych w terapii tego zaburzenia, podkreślając, iż najczęściej zalecanym podejściem jest łączenie psychoterapii z farmakoterapią. Przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczących skuteczności różnych podejść terapeutycznych w leczeniu ChAD. Zaznacza, iż wnioski z przeglądu badań wskazują raczej na potrzebę dostosowania interwencji do specyfiki zaburzenia niż na prymat danej modalności terapeutycznej. W krótkim przeglądzie psychodynamicznych koncepcji dotyczących ChAD autor wskazuje na niską praktyczną użyteczność klasycznego podejścia, opartego na założeniu o leczącej roli wglądu w wypartą dynamikę psychiczną. Autor sugeruje, iż podejściem spójnym z wnioskami z przeglądu badań są współczesne koncepcje psychoanalityczne, akcentujące konieczność dostosowania techniki pracy do funkcjonowania psychotycznego. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na współczesne koncepcje psychoanalitycznie zorientowanych psychiatrów: Richarda Lucasa, Riccardo Lombardiego oraz Franco DeMasiego. W oparciu o ich zalecenia autor krótko podsumowuje zmiany w technice pracy, aktualizujące podejście psychodynamiczne i dostosowujące je do potrzeb leczenia pacjentów cierpiących na ChAD, chorobę w przebiegu której w większości wypadków występują stany psychotyczne. Swoje spostrzeżenia autor ilustruje kilkoma przykładami klinicznymi.
Emotional cognition based on Antoni Kępiński’s work
Authors: Ceklarz Jan
Published: March 2021

Artykuł ma na celu określenie roli emocji w mechanizmach podejmowania decyzji w koncepcji metabolizmu informacyjnego – autorskim projekcie badawczym polskiego psychiatry Antoniego Kępińskiego. Praca ma charakter teoretyczny, dotyczy badań nad zawartą w publikacjach Kępińskiego charakterystyką procesu emocjonalnego oraz konsekwencjami jakie z tego wynikają dla konstytucji relacji terapeutycznej . Określenie roli emocji w aspekcie biologicznym i społecznym odniesione zostało do analogicznych sposobów opisu w badaniach z zakresu kognitywistyki. Emocje stanowią subiektywny (pierwszoosobowy) wyraz relacji podmiotu do otoczenia wynikający z podstawowych zasad określanych jako prawa biologiczne; decyzje podejmowane w oparciu o proces emocjonalny i aktualne stany ciała stanowią podstawę przetwarzania informacji. Postulat ten antycypuje późniejsze badania neurobiologiczne i został odniesiony do prac Antonio Damasio. Ustalenie biologicznej roli emocji pozwala zidentyfikować ich miejsce w procesie psychoterapeutycznym opisywanym poprzez metabolizm informacyjny. Emocje poprzez ich wymiar relacyjny stanowią genezę jednostkowego sensu. Postulat emocjonalnej konstytucji sensu w psychoterapii odpowiada sposobowi użycia pojęcia rozumienia, które sytuowane jest w opozycji do obiektywnej metody wyjaśniania.
Identidad y rivalidad entre Real Madrid y FC Barcelona en el léxico de las crónicas futbolísticas del diario «Marca»
Authors: López González Antonio María
Published: March 2021

Identidad y rivalidad entre Real Madrid y FC Barcelona en el léxico de las crónicas futbolísticas del diario Marca

El presente artículo analiza la expresión léxico-semántica de la identidad y rivalidad de Real Madrid y FC Barcelona en las crónicas deportivas del diario Marca. Apartir del análisis estadístico de tipos léxicos y concordancias en un corpus textual, caracterizamos los términos relativos al concepto ‘equipo’, en relación con ambos clubes. Analizamos el léxico que identifica y caracteriza a ambos clubes, así como la forma en la que estas palabras designan por medio de la denotación, identificación y connotación en las crónicas analizadas.
Sobre la subjuntivización diacrónica de la forma castellana en –ra
Authors: Nowikow Wiaczesław
Published: March 2021

En el artículo se examina el problema de la subjuntivización de la forma verbal española cantara que procede del pluscuamperfecto de indicativo latino cantaveram. Actualmente, cantara es alomorfo de cantase siendo el valor gramatical de ambas formas el del imperfecto de subjuntivo. En el trabajo se analiza la alternancia modal en la construcción quiso que cantase / cantara. El material procede del Corpus Diacrónico del Español (CORDE) de la Real Academia Española (RAE) y abarca los años 1580-1930.
Sobre la expresión de posterioridad en el español peninsular y en su variedad mexicana en los años 1929-2015
Authors: Sobczak Witold
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo gira en torno a los cambios que se produjeron entre las formas de posterioridad en el español peninsular y en su variedad mexicana en los años 1929-2015. Basándonos en nuestro propio corpus que comprende veinte novelas (diez españolas y diez mexicanas), no solo llamamos la atención sobre la repartición de cantará, va a cantar y canta, sino que también analizamos con detenimiento el uso de cantaría, iba a cantar y cantaba. Además, nuestro análisis abarca las llamadas formas acompañantes: vaya a cantar, fuera a cantar, fuese a cantar, irá a cantar, iría a cantar, va a haber cantado e iba a haber cantado.
El Análisis Melódico del Habla. Un método para abordar el análisis de la entonación del español hablado por polacos
Authors: Urbanik-Pęk Weronika
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo hace una presentación de un método innovador para analizar la entonación del español. Este modelo desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Fonética Aplicada de Barcelona permite visualizar la línea melódica de cualquier contorno y compararla con los patrones melódicos existentes en castellano.En el texto, tras una breve introducción sobre la entonación yuna descripción de los precedentes teóricos de la entonación, se presentan los patrones melódicos del español. Después, de manera más detallada se describe el método Análisis Melódico del Habla (AMH), sus rasgos característicos y la metodología de análisis que propone. Dicho método, aplicado a analizar diversas lenguas y, también, interlenguas, como por ejemplo las investigaciones sobre el español hablado por aprendientes de una lengua extranjera, se ha encontrado con mucho interés y son cada vez más los investigadores que desean seguirlo para ofrecer luego a sus alumnos una información precisa y clara para trabajar la entonación.Dedicar más tiempo en la enseñanza de ELE ala pronunciación adecuada y emisión correcta de los enunciados es una necesidad vigente ya que tener un alto dominio de lengua implica no solo saber el vocabulario y la gramática, sino que también aplicar la melodía correcta a nuestra habla para evitar los malentendidos en la comunicación. Esperamos que el presente texto acerque el conocimiento de una nueva e interesante herramienta y despierte más interés por la entonación de ELE en el ámbito polaco.
La oposición de los verbos ser y estar con adjetivos y participios desde la perspectiva comparativa español-polaco
Authors: Wesoła Justyna
Published: March 2021

La oposición de los verbos ser y estar, como ausente en polaco, es uno de los temas más recurrentes de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en nuestro país y uno de los contrastes más evidentes entre ambos idiomas. En este artículo se analiza la posible analogía entre los significados de los dos verbos en sus usos copulativos y la información aportada por la categoría de aspecto gramatical polaco. Usando el método confrontativo (el análisis de las descripciones gramaticales existentes) y, ante todo, el comparativo de aproximación traductológica (el cotejo de los originales y sus traducciones) se intenta descubrir las regularidades que rigen la transferencia al polaco del contraste ser/estar en combinación con adjetivos y participios.
El destinatario del enunciado modalizado deónticamente a partir del análisis de textos de derecho primario de la Unión Europea en español
Authors: Wiltos Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo describe un aspecto del lenguaje jurídico español de la Unión Europea. La investigación está basada en un corpus de textos de derecho primario de la Unión Europea que incluye el Tratado de la Unión Europea, el Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea y la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. El artículo presenta el modo de realización del destinatario del enunciado modalizado deónticamente, destacando respectivamente el destinatario expresado de modo directo, el destinatario indirecto y el destinatario implicado.
La diplomacia pública digital en México y Chile
Authors: Benayas Grecia
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se analiza el funcionamiento de la diplomacia pública digital en México y Chile. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa y comparativa. Los dos países tienen presencia en el ciberespacio, tanto en páginas web como redes sociales. La Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores mexicana es muy activa en las redes socia­les, mientras que el Ministerio de Exteriores chileno ha tenido una presencia más tardía en el ciberespacio, pero progresivamente se va posicionando con una agenda que enfatiza sus grandes temas en política exterior. La interacción es el aspecto que menos desarrollo tiene en ambos casos.
The Comprehensive Effects of Sales Force Management: A Dynamic Structural Analysis of Selection, Compensation, and Training
Authors: Chung Doug J. , Kim Byungyeon , Park Byoung G.
Published: March 2021

This study provides a comprehensive model of an agent’s behavior in response to multiple sales management instruments, including compensation, recruiting/termination, and training. The model takes into account many of the key elements that constitute a realistic sales force setting: allocation of effort, forward-looking behavior, present bias, training effectiveness, and employee selection and attrition. By understanding how these elements jointly affect agents’ behavior, the study provides guidance on the optimal design of sales management policies. A field validation, by comparing counterfactual and actual outcomes under a new policy, attests to the accuracy of the model. The results demonstrate a tradeoff between adjusting fixed and variable pay; how sales training serves as an alternative to compensation; a potential drawback of hiring high-performing, experienced salespeople; and how utilizing a leave package leads to sales force restructuring. In addition, the study offers a key methodological contribution by providing formal identification conditions for hyperbolic time preference. The key to identification is that under a multiperiod nonlinear incentive system, an agent’s proximity to a goal affects only future payoffs in nonpecuniary benefit periods, providing exclusion restrictions on the current payoff.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
On Capacity-Filling and Substitutable Choice Rules
Authors: Doğan Battal , Doğan Serhat , Yıldız Kemal
Published: March 2021

Each capacity-filling and substitutable choice rule is known to have a maximizer-collecting representation: There exists a list of priority orderings such that from each choice set that includes more alternatives than the capacity, the choice is the union of the priority orderings’ maximizers. We introduce the notion of a critical set and constructively prove that the number of critical sets for a choice rule determines its smallest-size maximizer-collecting representation. We show that responsive choice rules require the maximal number of priority orderings in their smallest-size maximizer-collecting representations among all capacity-filling and substitutable choice rules. We also analyze maximizer-collecting choice rules in which the number of priority orderings equals the capacity. We show that if the capacity is greater than three and the number of alternatives exceeds the capacity by at least two, then no capacity-filling and substitutable choice rule has a maximizer-collecting representation of the size equal to the capacity.
A challenging time for reform
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: March 2021

Considering the necessity, timing and potential impact of proposed reforms to health and social care services in the UK
Improving bowel function after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: March 2021

How to assess and treat the symptoms of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS)
The impact of wearing an abdominal corset to achieve compression on colonoscopy outcomes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Özkan Zeynep Kızılcık , Fındık Ümmü Yıldız , Albayrak Doğan
Published: March 2021

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of abdominal corset use on colonoscopy outcomes in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Methods:

This randomised controlled trial was conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, with the participation of 60 patients who underwent colonoscopy in the endoscopy unit of a university hospital. Half (n=30) of these patients were included in the experimental group and wore an abdominal corset during colonoscopy.

Findings:

It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups according to variables, including caecal intubation time (p=0.371), the need for position change in the colonoscopy process (p=0.554), position change in caecum imaging (p=1.000) and manual abdominal compression during the procedure (p=0.091).

Conclusions:

The results of this study reveal that abdominal corset usage does not provide a significant extra benefit compared with conventional colonoscopy in improving colonoscopy outcomes.
Influence of ceftriaxone on human bone cell viability and in vitro mineralization potential is concentration- and time-dependent
Authors: Wiesli Matthias Guido , Kaiser Jean-Pierre , Gautier Emanuel , Wick Peter , Maniura-Weber Katharina , Rottmar Markus , Wahl Peter
Published: March 2021

Aims

In orthopaedic and trauma surgery, implant-associated infections are increasingly treated with local application of antibiotics, which allows a high local drug concentration to be reached without eliciting systematic adverse effects. While ceftriaxone is a widely used antibiotic agent that has been shown to be effective against musculoskeletal infections, high local concentrations may harm the surrounding tissue. This study investigates the acute and subacute cytotoxicity of increasing ceftriaxone concentrations as well as their influence on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone progenitor cells.

Methods

Human preosteoblasts were cultured in presence of different concentrations of ceftriaxone for up to 28 days and potential cytotoxic effects, cell death, metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were studied.

Results

Ceftriaxone showed a cytotoxic effect on human bone progenitor cells at 24 h and 48 h at concentrations above 15,000 mg/l. With a longer incubation time of ten days, subtoxic effects could be observed at concentrations above 500 mg/l. Gene and protein expression of collagen, as well as mineralization levels of human bone progenitor cells, showed a continuous decrease with increasing ceftriaxone concentrations by days 14 and 28, respectively. Notably, mineralization was negatively affected already at concentrations above 250 mg/l.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a concentration-dependent influence of ceftriaxone on the viability and mineralization potential of primary human bone progenitor cells. While local application of ceftriaxone is highly established in orthopaedic and trauma surgery, a therapeutic threshold of 250 mg/l or lower should diminish the risk of reduced osseointegration of prosthetic implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(3):218–225.
The dawn of a new competency-based training era
Authors: James Hannah K. , Gregory Robert J. H.
Published: March 2021

The imminent introduction of the new Trauma & Orthopaedic (T&O) curriculum, and the implementation of the Improving Surgical Training initiative, reflect yet another paradigm shift in the recent history of trauma and orthopaedic training. The move to outcome-based training without time constraints is a radical departure from the traditional time-based structure and represents an exciting new training frontier. This paper summarizes the history of T&O training reform, explains the rationale for change, and reflects on lessons learnt from the past.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2-3:181–190.
3D printed vascular phantoms for high-resolution biophotonic image quality assessment via direct laser writing
Authors: Horng Hannah , O’Brien Kerry , Lamont Andrew , Sochol Ryan D. , Pfefer T. Joshua , Chen Yu
Published: March 2021

Fluorescence imaging techniques such as fluorescein angiography and fundus autofluorescence are often used to diagnose retinal pathologies; however, there are currently no standardized test methods for evaluating device performance. Here we present microstructured fluorescent phantoms fabricated using a submicron-scale three-dimensional printing technology, direct laser writing (DLW). We employ an in situ DLW technique to print 10 µm diameter microfluidic channels that support perfusions of fluorescent dyes. We then demonstrate how broadband photoresist fluorescence can be exploited to generate resolution targets and biomimetic models of retinal vasculature using standard DLW processes. The results indicate that these approaches show significant promise for generating better performance evaluation tools for fluorescence microscopy and imaging devices.
The haplolethality paradox of the wupA gene in Drosophila
Authors: Casas-Tintó Sergio , Ferrús Alberto
Published: March 2021

Haplolethals (HL) are regions of diploid genomes that in one dose are fatal for the organism. Their biological meaning is obscure because heterozygous loss-of-function mutations result in dominant lethality (DL) and, consequently, should be under strong negative selection. We report an in depth study of the HL associated to the gene wings up A (wupA). It encodes 13 transcripts (A-M) that yield 11 protein isoforms (A-K) of Troponin I (TnI). They are functionally diverse in their control of muscle contraction, cell polarity and cell proliferation. Isoform K transfers to the nucleus where it increases transcription of the cell proliferation related genes CDK2, CDK4, Rap and Rab5. The nuclear translocation of isoform K is prevented by the co-expression of A or B isoforms, which illustrates isoform interactions. The corresponding DL mutations are, either DNA rearrangements clustered towards the gene 3’ end, thus affecting the genomic organization of all transcripts, or CRISPR-induced mutations in one of the two ATG sites which eliminate a subset of wupA products. The joint elimination of isoforms C, F, G and H, however, do not cause DL phenotypes. Genetically driven expression of single isoforms rescue neither DL nor any of the mutants known in the gene, suggesting that normal function requires properly regulated expression of specific combinations, rather than single, TnI isoforms. We conclude that the wupA associated HL results from the combined haploinsufficiency of a large set of TnI isoforms. The qualitative and quantitative normal expression of which, requires the chromosomal integrity of the wupA genomic region. Since all fly TnI isoforms are encoded in the same gene, its HL condition becomes unavoidable. These wupA features are comparable to those of dpp, the only other HL studied to some extent, and reveal a scenario of strict dosage dependence with implications for gene expression regulation and splitting.
Spare-part management in a heterogeneous environment
Authors: Barabadi Reza , Ataei Mohammad , Khalokakaie Reza , Nouri Qarahasanlou Ali
Published: March 2021

Spare-part management has a significant effect on the productivity of mining equipment. The required number of spare parts can be estimated using failure and repair data collected under the name of reliability data. In the mining industry, failure and repair times are decided by the operational environment, rock properties, and the technical and functional behavior of the system. These conditions are heterogeneous and may change significantly from time to time. Such heterogeneity can change equipment’s reliability performance and, consequently, the required number of spare parts. Hence, it is necessary for effective spare-part planning to check the heterogeneity among the reliability data. After that, if needed, such heterogeneity should be modeled using an adequate statistical model. Heterogeneity can be categorized into observed and unobserved caused by risk factors. Most spare-part estimation studies ignore the effect of heterogeneity, which can lead to unrealistic estimations. In this study, we introduce the application of a frailty model for modeling the effect of observed and unobserved risk factors on the required number of spare parts for mining equipment. Studies indicate that ignoring the effect of unobservable risk factors can cause a significant bias in estimation.
The social cost of contacts: Theory and evidence for the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Quaas Martin F. , Meya Jasper N. , Schenk Hanna , Bos Björn , Drupp Moritz A. , Requate Till
Published: March 2021

Building on the epidemiological SIR model, we present an economic model with heterogeneous individuals deriving utility from social contacts creating infection risks. Focusing on social distancing of individuals susceptible to an infection we theoretically characterize the gap between private and social cost of contacts. Our main contribution is to quantify this gap by calibrating the model with unique survey data from Germany on social distancing and impure altruism from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The optimal policy is to drastically reduce contacts at the beginning to almost eradicate the epidemic and keep them at levels that contain the pandemic at a low prevalence level. We find that also in laissez faire, private protection efforts by forward-looking, risk averse individuals would have stabilized the epidemic, but at a much higher prevalence of infection than optimal. Altruistic motives increase individual protection efforts, but a substantial gap to the social optimum remains.