bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Biliary External–Internal Drainage for Malignant Obstruction of Self-Expanding Uncovered Metal Stents Placed for Hilar Carcinoma: Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Outcome in 160 Patients
Authors: Bonnel Didier H. , Gangloff Alice , Fingerhut Abe
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objectives We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of reestablishing adequate bile flow in patients with malignant obstruction of multilobar self-expanding uncovered metal stents (SEUMSs) inserted for palliative treatment of malignant hilar stenosis, an otherwise fatal setting. From September 1991 to January 2019, 160 patients (100 men and 60 women; median: 69 [range: 37–87] years) with malignant obstruction of multilobar SEUMSs were treated by percutaneous transhepatic external–internal biliary drainage. All patients were followed in their respective oncology services where they were treated (or not) according to local protocols adapted to their disease and overall general status.

Result External–internal biliary drainage was successful in all 160 patients. All patients were discharged within 5 days. Both immediate (4 patients; 2.5%) and late complications (29 patients; 18%) were managed successfully with minimal morbidity and no mortality. After reestablishment of adequate bile flow, the median survival was 191 days (range: 2–5,668 days). Forty-one (25.6%) patients survived for more than 12 months, and 10 (6.2%) survived for more than 3 years.

Conclusion In our series, external–internal biliary drainage was safe and effective; it was life-saving and afforded acceptable quality of survival for patients who otherwise would have been left untreated with short-term fatality.
Heparanase Facilitates PMA-Induced Megakaryocytic Differentiation in K562 Cells via Interleukin 6/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Wan Lu Ming , Zhang Shi Kun , Li Su Bo , Li Wen , Ji Shou Ping , Gong Lin , Yun Zhi Min , Zhang Xue , Gao Hong Wei , Zhong Hui , Wei Cong Wen , Bian Li Hong , Zhuo Hai Long , Luo Qun , Li Jin Ping , Tan Ying Xia , Gong Feng
Published: April 2020

Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and hence participates in remodeling of the extracellular matrix, leading to release of cytokines that are immobilized by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and consequently activating signaling pathways. This function of HPSE is correlated to its expression level that is normally very low in majority of the tissues. Exceptionally, human platelets express high level of HPSE, suggesting a unique physiological role in this cell. Using K562 cell line, we found a progressive increase of HPSE during the megakaryocytic differentiation. Analysis of a series of megakaryocytic differentiation-related heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) in the cell culture medium revealed an exclusive positive correlation between the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and HPSE expression. IL-6 modulated megakaryocytic differentiation through activation of STAT3. Further, we demonstrated that overexpression of HPSE potentiates megakaryocytic differentiation, whereas elimination of HPSE led to a delayed differentiation. This function of HPSE is associated with its activity, as overexpression of inactive HPSE had no effect on IL-6 production and megakaryocytic differentiation. The role of HPSE is further supported by the observation in an umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells megakaryocytic differentiation model. Our data propose a novel role for HPSE in platelets production by a HPSE/IL-6/STAT3 positive feedback loop that specifically regulates megakaryocytes maturation.
Effects of Native Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan, Its Depolymerized Derivatives on Intrinsic Factor Xase, Coagulation, Thrombosis, and Hemorrhagic Risk
Authors: Zhou Lutan , Gao Na , Sun Huifang , Xiao Chuang , Yang Lian , Lin Lisha , Yin Ronghua , Li Zi , Zhang Hongbin , Ji Xu , Zhao Jinhua
Published: April 2020

A native fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata (nHG), mainly branched with Fuc3S4S, exhibited potent anticoagulant activity by intrinsic tenase iXase (FIXa-FVIIIa complex) and antithrombin-dependent factor IIa (FIIa) inhibition, but also had the effects of FXII activation and platelet aggregation. For screening a selective iXase inhibitor, depolymerized nHG (dHG-1 ∼ –6) and a pure octasaccharide (oHG-8) were prepared. Like nHG, dHG-1 ∼ –6 and oHG-8 could potently inhibit iXase, and competitive binding assay indicated that dHG-5 and oHG-8 could bind to FIXa. Nevertheless, dHG-5 and oHG-8 had no effects on FXII and platelet activation. nHG, dHG-5, and oHG-8 could significantly prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time of human, rat, and rabbit plasma. In the rat deep venous thrombosis model, dHG-5 and oHG-8 showed potent antithrombotic effects in a dose-dependent manner, while the thrombus inhibition rate of nHG at high dose was markedly reduced. Additionally, dHG-5 and oHG-8 did not increase bleeding at the doses up to 10-fold of the effectively antithrombotic doses compared with nHG and low molecular weight heparin in the mice tail-cut model. Considering that dHG-5 possesses strong anti-iXase and antithrombotic activities, and its preparation process is simpler and its yield is higher compared with oHG-8, it might be a promising antithrombotic candidate.
A Meta-Analysis of Case Fatality Rates of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Major Bleeding in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Abdulla Alym , Davis Wendy M. , Ratnaweera Namali , Szefer Elena , Ballantyne Scott Brooke , Lee Agnes Y. Y.
Published: April 2020

Background Knowing the case fatality rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding is important for weighing the relative risks and benefits of anticoagulation and deciding on the duration of anticoagulant therapy, but these rates are uncertain in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis.

Methods We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to determine the incidence of recurrent VTE and major bleeding and their respective case fatality rates in patients with cancer-associated VTE.

Results Our analysis included 29 studies (15 prospective cohort studies and 14 randomized controlled trials) from 1980 to January 2019. Data from 8,000 cancer patients with 4,786 patient-years of follow-up were summarized. Rates of recurrent VTE and fatal recurrent VTE were 23.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.1–27.8) and 1.9 (95% CI: 0.8–4.0) per 100 patient-years of follow-up, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 14.8% (95% CI: 6.6–30.1%). The rates of major bleeding and fatal major bleeding events were 13.1 (95% CI: 10.3–16.7) and 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3–2.1) per 100 patient-years of follow-up, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 8.9% (95% CI: 3.5–21.1%). While the estimates of case fatality vary by anticoagulation regimen and study design, the differences between them were not statistically significant.

Conclusion In cancer patients receiving anticoagulation, the case fatality rate of recurrent VTE is higher than the case fatality rate of major bleeding. These findings may help to inform decisions regarding the management of anticoagulation in patients with active cancer and VTE.
SCHNELL, INTUITIV, PAPIERLOS: Patientenaufnahme und Patientenaufklärung im digitalen Flow
Authors: Klauß Sonja-Maria
Published: April 2020

Systembrüche überwinden und durchgängige digitale Workflows in der Patientenversorgung schaffen – das haben sich Dr. Christoph Spinner und Andreas G. Henkel zur Aufgabe gemacht. Am Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München treiben sie gemeinsam die digitale Transformation voran. Derzeit implementiert das Universitätsklinikum unter ihrer Projektleitung Module für digitale Workflows und Archivierung rund um Patientenaufnahme und Patientenaufklärung.
KI-SUCHMASCHINE TRIFFT FACHINFORMATION: Thieme und Symptoma verknüpfen ihre Services
Authors: Schindler Carola
Published: April 2020

Fehldiagnosen und falsche Therapien belasten Patienten, kosten die Behandelnden wertvolle Zeit und treiben Kosten in die Höhe. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in Verbindung mit zuverlässigen Informationen und Daten helfen, die Qualität und Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung zu verbessern.
The ‘sanction-policy’ linkage from the perspective of citizens and the role of the party system
Authors: Fumarola Andrea
Published: April 2020

Research on dynamic representation stresses the effect of electoral incentives on politicians’ motivation to pursue policies in line with the preferences of the majority of the citizens. However, comparative research on the so-called sanction-policy link is still limited. The present article assesses the anticipatory effect of electoral accountability on government responsiveness from the perspective of citizens across 25 European countries. Results confirm the strong positive relationship between perceptions of electoral accountability and assessments of government responsiveness. Finally, the article examines the potential moderating effect of specific party system characteristics on people’s attitudes. Using multilevel models to analyse survey data from the sixth round of the European Social Survey, the study shows that the link between perceived accountability and responsiveness is conditional upon specific characteristics of the party system, namely fragmentation and volatility.
Extreme value theory of evolving phenomena in complex dynamical systems: Firing cascades in a model of a neural network
Authors: Caby Theophile , Mantica Giorgio
Published: April 2020

We extend the scope of the dynamical theory of extreme values to include phenomena that do not happen instantaneously but evolve over a finite, albeit unknown at the onset, time interval. We consider complex dynamical systems composed of many individual subsystems linked by a network of interactions. As a specific example of the general theory, a model of a neural network, previously introduced by other authors to describe the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, is analyzed in detail. On the basis of this analysis, we propose a novel definition of a neuronal cascade, a physiological phenomenon of primary importance. We derive extreme value laws for the statistics of these cascades, both from the point of view of exceedances (that satisfy critical scaling theory in a certain regime) and of block maxima.
Online analysis of gas-phase radical reactions using vacuum ultraviolet lamp photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wen Zuoying , Tang Xiaofeng , Fittschen Christa , Zhang Cuihong , Wang Tao , Wang Chengcheng , Gu Xuejun , Zhang Weijun
Published: April 2020

A home-made vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been developed and coupled to an atmospheric simulation chamber operated at atmospheric pressure and to a fast flow tube at low pressure (1–10 Torr). Gas sampling from the simulation chamber is realized directly via a capillary effusive beam, and sampling from the flow tube is via a continuous molecular beam inlet. Both devices are connected simultaneously to the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer and can be switched in-between within minutes to study gas-phase radical reactions of atmospheric interest in a large range of reaction conditions and reaction times (from milliseconds in the flow tube to hours in the simulation chamber). A cage-shaped photoionization source combined with a commercial 10.6 eV krypton lamp has been developed to provide a high ion collection efficiency along the long light path in the cage. This way, a multiplexed detection with high sensitivity down to the sub-parts per billion volume concentration range, e.g., a limit of detection of 0.3 ppbv with an accumulation time of 60 s for benzene and 1.3 ppbv for the methyl radical, is obtained. The performance and suitability of the setup are illustrated by the study of the chlorine-initiated oxidation reaction of toluene in the atmospheric simulation chamber and in the fast flow tube. Stable products and reactive intermediates have been well-determined and their reaction dynamics are discussed.
Numerical and experimental investigations on second-order combined harmonic generation of Lamb wave mixing
Authors: Li Weibin , Xu Yaru , Hu Ning , Deng Mingxi
Published: April 2020

The generation of second- and third-order combined harmonics induced by the interaction of two primary Lamb waves with different frequencies has been analyzed theoretically and observed experimentally in our previous research [W. Li et al., J. Appl. Phys. 124, 044901 (2018)]. However, only third-order combined harmonics were observed experimentally because in the experimental investigations, the conditions for both synchronism and the symmetric feature were not satisfied simultaneously for the generation of the second-order combined harmonics. In this paper, first, the numerical perspective of the second-order combined harmonic generation by the collinear interaction of two primary Lamb waves with different frequencies in an isotropic and homogeneous plate is investigated. The results indicate that the synchronism and symmetric feature of two primary Lamb waves selected significantly affect the generation of second-order combined harmonics at the mixing frequencies. Next, an experimental scheme is proposed to measure the second-order combined harmonics predicted theoretically and numerically, through which it is found that the experimental results agree well with that of the theoretical and numerical predictions. The numerical and experimental results in this paper provide a clear physical insight, not previously available, into the second-order combined harmonic generation induced by the collinear interaction of two primary ultrasonic Lamb waves.
The mechanical response of glassy carbon recovered from high pressure
Authors: Huang X. , Shiell T. B. , de Tomas C. , Suarez-Martinez I. , Wong S. , Mann S. , McKenzie D. R. , Marks N. A. , McCulloch D. G. , Bradby J. E.
Published: April 2020

Glassy carbon (GC) is usually considered the prototypical super-elastic material, which can almost fully recover its shape after compression of several gigapascals (GPa). In this work, nanoindentation is used to study the mechanical response of GC, which was subjected to a range of high pressures using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We show that GC starts to lose its elasticity after compression to 6 GPa and becomes clearly mechanically anisotropic after being compressed beyond ∼30 GPa. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to calculate Young's modulus before and after compression. Through our experimental results and MD simulations, we show that the elasticity of GC is at a minimum around 30 GPa but recovers after compression to higher pressures along the DAC compression axis.
Carbon nanotube with pressure inducing pseudogaps: Kondo effect study
Authors: Lobo Thiago , Neto Minos A. , da Silva Marcio G. , Salmon Octavio D. R.
Published: April 2020

The Kondo effect of a T-shape ligation between a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) and a magnetic impurity is investigated theoretically. Hydrostatic pressure is applied, which leads to the opening of a gap in the density of states of a zigzag metallic nanotube. The effect of the pressure can be modeled by the Peierls instability; in this work, we consider the out-of-plane distortion. We use the tight-binding approach to calculate the SWNT Green’s functions with the application of hydrostatic pressure. We investigate the disappearance of the Kondo peak as the gap opens. A strong influence of the pressure on the conductance is found, which is explained by the displacement of the Kondo peak from the chemical potential. The Kondo effect was reproduced using the atomic approach with U→∞ developed previously.
SCOPE: Spectral cloud optical property estimation using real-time GOES-R longwave imagery
Authors: Larson David P. , Li Mengying , Coimbra Carlos F. M.
Published: April 2020

The output of ground-based, solar power generation systems is strongly dependent on cloud cover, which is the main contributor to solar power variability and uncertainty. Cloud optical properties are typically over-simplified in forecasting applications due to the lack of real-time, accurate estimates. In this work, we introduce a method, the Spectral Cloud Optical Property Estimation (SCOPE), for estimating cloud optical properties directly from high-resolution (5-min, 2 km) imagery from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R, which is the newest generation of the GOES system. The SCOPE method couples a two-stream, spectrally resolved radiative model with the longwave GOES-R sensor output to simultaneously estimate the cloud optical depth, cloud top height, and cloud thickness during both day and night at 5-min intervals. The accuracy of SCOPE is evaluated using one year (2018) of downwelling longwave (DLW) radiation measurements from the Surface Radiation Budget Network, which consists of seven sites spread across climatically diverse regions of the contiguous United States. During daytime clear-sky periods, SCOPE predicts DLW within instrument uncertainty (10 W m−2) for four of the seven locations, with the remaining locations yielding errors of the order of 11.2, 17.7, and 20.2 W m−2. For daytime cloudy-sky, daytime all-sky (clear or cloudy), and nighttime all-sky periods, SCOPE achieves root mean square error values of 23.0–34.5 W m−2 for all seven locations. These results, together with the low-latency of the method (∼1 s per sample), show that SCOPE provides a viable solution to real-time, accurate estimation of cloud optical properties for both day and night.
Strong hot-phonon bottleneck effect in all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Shi Huafeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Sun Xiaowei , Zhang Xinhai
Published: April 2020

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have attracted intensive research attention. We investigate the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals under one-photon and two-photon excitation. The results indicate that there is a strong hot-phonon bottleneck effect in such nanocrystals, which is due to the relatively small ionic radius and large mass of inorganic cations Cs+ and the relatively small size of the polarons. This work elucidates the mechanism of long carrier lifetimes and high efficiency in perovskite photovoltaic devices and is helpful for the design and fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic devices.
High coherence superconducting microwave cavities with indium bump bonding
Authors: Lei Chan U , Krayzman Lev , Ganjam Suhas , Frunzio Luigi , Schoelkopf Robert J.
Published: April 2020

Low-loss cavities are important in building high-coherence superconducting quantum computers. Generating high-quality joints between parts is crucial for the realization of a scalable quantum computer using the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) framework. In this paper, we adapt the technique of indium bump bonding to cQED to realize high-quality superconducting microwave joints between chips. We use this technique to fabricate compact superconducting cavities in the multilayer microwave integrated quantum circuit (MMIQC) architecture and achieve single photon quality factors over 300 × 106 or single-photon lifetimes approaching 5 ms. To quantify the performance of the resulting seam, we fabricate microwave stripline resonators in multiple sections connected by different numbers of bonds, resulting in a wide range of seam admittances. The measured quality factors combined with the designed seam admittances allow us to bound the conductance of the seam at gseam≥2×1010/(Ω m). Such a conductance should enable the construction of micromachined superconducting cavities with a quality factor of at least a billion. These results demonstrate the capability to construct very high-quality microwave structures within the MMIQC architecture.
Reactivity of the Ti–Al system: Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bizot Q. , Politano O. , Nepapushev A. A. , Vadchenko S. G. , Rogachev A. S. , Baras F.
Published: April 2020

The reactivity of the Ti–Al system was investigated experimentally in the case of reactive laminated particles produced by high energy ball milling. The ignition temperature for a self-sustaining reaction was measured as a function of the heating rate. By means of the Kissinger analysis, two activation energies were evaluated. The first one is associated with the solid-state transformation at the interface below the melting point of Al. The second one corresponds to the exothermic dissolution of Ti into Al liquid together with the formation of TiAl3. A complementary microscopic approach was developed in order to detect all elemental processes associated with the reactivity of the Ti–Al system in composite materials. Above the melting temperature of Al, the exothermic dissolution of Ti into the liquid layer starts and induces a self-sustaining behavior until the reaction is complete. The dissolution step is limited by the low solubility of Ti in Al. The formation of the intermetallic compound TiAl3 was observed. The microscopic analysis of the dissolution at the interface explains some specific features of reactive particles.
Hot-carrier transfer at photocatalytic silicon/platinum interfaces
Authors: Zhang Chongjian , Fan Yunyan , Huang Xiaochun , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Beard Matthew C. , Yang Ye
Published: April 2020

Interfacial charge transfer from silicon to heterogeneous catalysts plays a key role in silicon-based photoelectrochemical systems. In general, prior to interfacial charge transfer, carriers that are generated by photons with energies above the bandgap dissipate the excess kinetic energy via hot-carrier cooling, and such energy loss limits the maximum power conversion efficiency. The excess energy of hot-carriers, however, could be utilized through hot-carrier transfer from silicon to the catalysts, but such hot-carrier extraction has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we exploit transient reflection spectroscopy to interrogate charge transfer at the interface between silicon and platinum. Quantitative modeling of the surface carrier kinetics indicates that the velocity of charge transfer from silicon to platinum exceeds 2.6 × 107 cm s−1, corresponding to an average carrier temperature of extracted carriers of ∼600 K, two times higher than the lattice temperature. The charge transfer velocity can be controllably reduced by inserting silica spacing layers between silicon and platinum.
Impact ofXylella fastidiosasubspeciespaucain European olives
Authors: Schneider Kevin , van der Werf Wopke , Cendoya Martina , Mourits Monique , Navas-Cortés Juan A. , Vicent Antonio , Oude Lansink Alfons
Published: April 2020

Xylella fastidiosais the causal agent of plant diseases that cause massive economic damage. In 2013, a strain of the bacterium was, for the first time, detected in the European territory (Italy), causing the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome. We simulate future spread of the disease based on climatic-suitability modeling and radial expansion of the invaded territory. An economic model is developed to compute impact based on discounted foregone profits and losses in investment. The model projects impact for Italy, Greece, and Spain, as these countries account for around 95% of the European olive oil production. Climatic suitability modeling indicates that, depending on the suitability threshold, 95.5 to 98.9%, 99.2 to 99.8%, and 84.6 to 99.1% of the national areas of production fall into suitable territory in Italy, Greece, and Spain, respectively. For Italy, across the considered rates of radial range expansion the potential economic impact over 50 y ranges from 1.9 billion to 5.2 billion Euros for the economic worst-case scenario, in which production ceases after orchards die off. If replanting with resistant varieties is feasible, the impact ranges from 0.6 billion to 1.6 billion Euros. Depending on whether replanting is feasible, between 0.5 billion and 1.3 billion Euros can be saved over the course of 50 y if disease spread is reduced from 5.18 to 1.1 km per year. The analysis stresses the necessity to strengthen the ongoing research on cultivar resistance traits and application of phytosanitary measures, including vector control and inoculum suppression, by removing host plants.
Distinct locomotor precursors in newborn babies
Authors: Sylos-Labini Francesca , La Scaleia Valentina , Cappellini Germana , Fabiano Adele , Picone Simonetta , Keshishian Elena S. , Zhvansky Dmitry S. , Paolillo Piermichele , Solopova Irina A. , d’Avella Andrea , Ivanenko Yury , Lacquaniti Francesco
Published: April 2020

Mature locomotion involves modular spinal drives generating a set of fundamental patterns of motoneuron activation, each timed at a specific phase of locomotor cycles and associated with a stable muscle synergy. How locomotor modules develop and to what extent they depend on prior experience or intrinsic programs remains unclear. To address these issues, we herein leverage the presence at birth of two types of locomotor-like movements, spontaneous kicking and weight-bearing stepping. The former is expressed thousands of times in utero and postnatally, whereas the latter is elicited de novo by placing the newborn on the ground for the first time. We found that the neuromuscular modules of stepping and kicking differ substantially. Neonates kicked with an adult-like number of temporal activation patterns, which lacked a stable association with systematic muscle synergies across movements. However, on the ground neonates stepped with fewer temporal patterns but all structured in stable synergies. Since kicking and ground-stepping coexist at birth, switching between the two behaviors may depend on a dynamic reconfiguration of the underlying neural circuits as a function of sensory feedback from surface contact. We tracked the development of ground-stepping in 4- to 48-mo-old infants and found that, after the age of 6 mo, the number of temporal patterns increased progressively, reaching adult-like conformation only after independent walking was established. We surmise that mature locomotor modules may derive by combining the multiple patterns of repeated kicking, on the one hand, with synergies resulting from fractionation of those revealed by sporadic weight-bearing stepping, on the other hand.
A common coupling mechanism for A-type heme-copper oxidases from bacteria to mitochondria
Authors: Maréchal Amandine , Xu Jing-Yang , Genko Naho , Hartley Andrew M. , Haraux Francis , Meunier Brigitte , Rich Peter R.
Published: April 2020

Significance

We present a comprehensive investigation of mitochondrial DNA-encoded variants of cytochrome
c
oxidase (C
c
O) that harbor mutations within their core catalytic subunit I, designed to interrogate the presently disputed functions of the three putative proton channels. We assess overall respiratory competence, specific C
c
O catalytic activity, and, most importantly, proton/electron (H
+
/e
−
) stoichiometry from adenosine diphosphate to oxygen ratio measurements on preparations of intact mitochondria. We unequivocally show that yeast mitochondrial C
c
O uses the D-channel to translocate protons across its hydrophilic core, providing direct evidence in support of a common proton pumping mechanism across all members of the A-type heme-copper oxidase superfamily, independent of their bacterial or mitochondrial origin.
In search of immersion teacher educators’ knowledge base
Authors: Cammarata Laurent , Cavanagh Martine
Published: April 2020

Although it has long been touted as a key ingredient to successful immersion practice, no research to date has examined immersion
teacher educators’ (ITEs) knowledge base as it relates to the work of content, language, and literacy integration in curriculum
planning and teaching. Thus, it is difficult to know whether or not ITEs are ready and able to support the pedagogical transition
toward better-integrated practice in the immersion classroom. This qualitative study set out to fill this gap in our knowledge by
exploring ITEs’ understanding of the nature and role of language and literacy in the context of their discipline of expertise
through the use of an analytic framework designed to examine ITEs’ knowledge base. Key findings point to the need for the
elaboration of a professional development (PD) program specifically dedicated to supporting ITEs’ continuous knowledge growth,
particularly when it comes to the issue of pedagogical integration.
Community interpreters versus intercultural mediators
Authors: Pokorn Nike K. , Mikolič Južnič Tamara
Published: April 2020

This article compares the professional profile of community interpreters to that of a particular group of intercultural mediators who work as non-professional, untrained interpreters, mainly in healthcare settings. Through a textual comparison of 13 deontological documents for community interpreters and intercultural mediators, this article investigates differences in the ethical positioning of these two profiles. The results show that while the codes of ethics of community interpreters tend to emphasize impartiality, the documents defining the emerging profile of intercultural mediators position advocacy more prominently. Beyond the differences in ethical positioning, the article also considers other reasons for the formation of this new profile and outlines several challenges related to the partial overlap between the two profiles, which include distorted definitions of the interpreter’s competences and performance, conceptual confusion in the research literature, and mismatched expectations of language services consumers.
Independent anterograde transport and retrograde cotransport of domain components of myelinated axons
Authors: Bekku Yoko , Salzer James L.
Published: April 2020

Neurons are highly polarized cells organized into functionally and molecularly distinct domains. A key question is whether the multiprotein complexes that comprise these domains are preassembled, transported, and inserted as a complex or whether their components are transported independently and assemble locally. Here, we have dynamically imaged, in pairwise combinations, the vesicular transport of fluorescently tagged components of the nodes of Ranvier and other myelinated axonal domains in sensory neurons cultured alone or together with Schwann cells at the onset of myelination. In general, most proteins are transported independently in the anterograde direction. In contrast, there is substantial cotransport of proteins from distinct domains in the retrograde direction likely due to coendocytosis along the axon. Early myelination did not substantially change these patterns of transport, although it increased the overall numbers of axonal transport vesicles. Our results indicate domain components are transported in separate vesicles for local assembly, not as preformed complexes, and implicate endocytosis along axons as a mechanism of clearance.
Nek2-mediated GAS2L1 phosphorylation and centrosome-linker disassembly induce centrosome disjunction
Authors: Au Franco K.C. , Hau Bill K.T. , Qi Robert Z.
Published: April 2020

Centrosome disjunction occurs in late G2 to facilitate bipolar spindle formation and is mediated by the NIMA-related kinase Nek2. Here, we show that GAS2L1, a microtubule- and F-actin–binding protein required for centrosome disjunction, undergoes Nek2-mediated phosphorylation at Ser352 in G2/M. The phosphorylation is essential for centrosome disjunction in late G2 and for proper spindle assembly and faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis. GAS2L1 contains a calponin-homology (CH) domain and a GAS2-related (GAR) domain, which bind to F-actin and microtubules, respectively. Notably, the CH and GAR domains bind to each other to inhibit the functions of both domains, and Ser352 phosphorylation disrupts the interaction between the two domains and relieves the autoinhibition. We dissected the roles of the GAS2L1 phosphorylation and of centrosome-linker disassembly, which is another Nek2-mediated event, and found that these events together trigger centrosome disjunction. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the concerted Nek2 actions that split the centrosomes in late G2.
Hide and seek: Somatic SMAD3 mutations in melorheostosis
Authors: Velchev Joe Davis , Verstraeten Aline , Loeys Bart
Published: April 2020

In the current issue of JEM, Kang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191499) describe somatic mutations in the SMAD3 gene causing endosteal melorheostosis. Using osteoblast models, the identified mutations are demonstrated to exert a gain-of-function mechanism, augmenting transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling. These findings provide further insights into the genetic etiology of melorheostosis and consolidate the importance of the TGFβ pathway in skeletal disorders.
Multiple character of non-monotonic size-dependence for relaxation dynamics in polymer-particle and binary mixtures
Authors: Zirdehi Elias M , Voigtmann Thomas , Varnik Fathollah
Published: April 2020

Adding plasticizers is a well-known procedure to reduce the glass transition temperature in polymers. It has been recently shown that this effect shows a non-monotonic dependence on the size of additive molecules (2019 J. Chem. Phys. 150 024903). In this work, we demonstrate that, as the size of the additive molecules is changed at fixed concentration, multiple extrema emerge in the dependence of the system’s relaxation time on the size ratio. The effect occurs on all relevant length scales including single monomer dynamics, decay of Rouse modes and relaxation of the chain’s end-to-end vector. A qualitatively similar trend is found within mode-coupling theoretical results for a binary hard-sphere mixture. An interpretation of the effect in terms of local packing efficiency and coupling between the dynamics of minority and majority species is provided.
Electronic structure and superconductivity of the non-centrosymmetric Sn4As3
Authors: Marques C A , Neat M J , Yim C M , Watson M D , Rhodes L C , Heil C , Pervakov K S , Vlasenko V A , Pudalov V M , Muratov A V , Kim T K , Wahl P
Published: April 2020

In a superconductor that lacks inversion symmetry, the spatial part of the Cooper pair wave function has a reduced symmetry, allowing for the mixing of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairing channels and thus providing a pathway to a non-trivial superconducting state. Materials with a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and with strong spin–orbit coupling are a platform to realize these possibilities. Here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of high quality crystals of Sn4As3, with non-centrosymmetric unit cell (R3m). We have characterised the normal and superconducting states using a range of methods. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows a multiband Fermi surface and the presence of two surface states, confirmed by density-functional theory calculations. Specific heat measurements reveal a superconducting critical temperature of T
c ∼ 1.14 K and an upper critical magnetic field of μ
0
H
c ≳ 7 mT, which are both confirmed by ultra-low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows a fully formed superconducting gap, consistent with conventional s-wave superconductivity.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of Luttinger’s theorem
Authors: Heath Joshuah T , Bedell Kevin S
Published: April 2020

Luttinger’s theorem is a major result in many-body physics that states the volume of the Fermi surface is directly proportional to the particle density. In its ‘hard’ form, Luttinger’s theorem implies that the Fermi volume is invariant with respect to interactions (as opposed to a ‘soft’ Luttinger’s theorem, where this invariance is lost). Despite it is simplicity, the conditions on the fermionic self energy under which Luttinger’s theorem is valid remains a matter of debate, with possible requirements for its validity ranging from particle-hole symmetry to analyticity about the Fermi surface. In this paper, we propose the minimal requirements for the application of a hard Luttinger’s theorem to a generic fermionic system of arbitrary interaction strength by invoking the Atiyah–Singer index theorem to quantify the topologically-robust behavior of a generalized Fermi surface. We show that the applicability of a hard Luttinger’s theorem in a D-dimensional system is directly dependent on the existence of a (D − 1)-dimensional manifold of gapless chiral excitations at the Fermi level, regardless of whether the system exhibits Luttinger or Fermi surfaces (i.e., manifolds of zeroes of the Green’s function and inverse Green’s function, respectively). The exact form of the self-energy which guarantees validity of a hard Luttinger’s theorem is derived, and agreement with current experiments, numerics, and theories are discussed.
CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) and IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) of Mandheling Coffee in Medan
Authors: Lubis S N , Fauzia L , Utami D
Published: April 2020

The emergence of various coffee shops makes customers have many choices of coffee shops especially Mandheling Coffee, because many coffee shop competitors will become prospect and opportunity for producer by following trend and lifestyle. This research aims to analyse customer satisfaction and analyse the attributes corrected by Mandheling Coffee. The sampling method used is accidental sampling and the analysis methods used are Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results showed that Customer satisfaction measurement is 73.15%, it means that customers are satisfied. Attributes that need to be maintained are attributes of taste, aroma, variety of menu, price comparison with quality, advertising media, facilities, presentation speed, transaction speed and attributes that must be corrected, are attributes of brand, decorations, and barista explanations.
Crude palm oil marketing analysis at PT. Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo)
Authors: Paramita M P , Nasution S K H , Fauzia L
Published: April 2020

In CPO marketing, the marketing efficiency process can determine the size of the costs and profits received by companies and institutions involved in the marketing process. This study aims to analyse the marketing process, marketing margin, marketing efficiency of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) at PT. Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo). The descriptive analysis by interviewing the Marketing Head officer at PT. Socfin Indonesia, marketing efficiency analysis (marketing margin), also price transmission elasticity analysis. The results indicated that the marketing system applied at PT. Socfin Indonesia is a Long-Term Contract system. The marketing system has been efficient.
Bottled coffee consumers’ preferences in Medan City
Authors: Salmiah  , Emalisa  , Sahir S H , Nurhanifa S
Published: April 2020

Producers need to understand consumers’ behaviour in purchasing bottled coffee products. Consumers’ consideration in buying bottled coffee is the basis for producers for marketing strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyse consumer’ preferences for decisions in buying bottled coffee. Bottled coffee in this study uses 6 attributes that is colour, flavour, packaging, price, thickness, and promotion. Analysed using conjoint analysis with SPSS 24 by giving questionnaires to 100 respondents, the results of this study indicate that the majority of consumers likes bottled coffee with black colour, fragrant flavour, unattractive packaging, with a price of more than 8,000 IDR, and has an ordinary thickness. Promotion seen by consumers from social media.
The marketing strategy for sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) by people around the protected forest aren HPHTI of Toba Pulp Lestari
Authors: Azhar I , Nasution Z , Delvian  , Agussabti  , Riswan  , Risnasari I , Sembiring M R , Sidabukke S
Published: April 2020

Sugar palm is a plant that produces various high economy value product. The superior products of sugar palm as a food and energy source, among others, are brown sugar, palm-suiker, fresh sap, kolang-kaling (a type of candied fruit made from palm sugar), and alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this study was to analyse the marketing strategies that can be adopted by the community who utilise sugar palm living around the area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari. Analysis carried out in this study is analysis SWOT. The results of this study found that there are several strategies that have been made based on the SWOT analysis. One of them is creating farmer groups and cooperatives at the village level, providing market information to farmers, increasing road access, and developing farmer capacity building.
Price transmission of Arabica coffee between North Sumatra with state main export purpose (America-Europe)
Authors: Damanik Z , Rahmanta  , Ayu S F
Published: April 2020

Fluctuations in North Sumatra Arabica coffee prices can affect market efficiency and transmission prices of North Sumatra Arabica coffee with the main export destination countries. This can be used as an opportunity by market participants, especially those who have the power to influence prices to manipulate prices. This research was conducted to analyse the transmission price of North Sumatra Arabica coffee with the main destination countries of America and Europe, and analysis of the factors forming the price of Arabica coffee in North Sumatra. The method used in this study is the Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) model which is used for analysis of Arabica coffee price transmission and the Error Correction Model (ECM) model which is used to analyse the factors forming coffee prices with. The results showed that there was an asymmetric relationship between the transmission price of Arabica coffee in North Sumatra and the main destination country in the short run whereas in the long run the price transmission occurred symmetrically. In the analysis of the factors forming the price of North Sumatra Arabica coffee both in the short term and long term are significantly affected by all variables used.
Analysis of farmer’s revenue and factors which affect carrot production in Surbakti Village
Authors: Silva Jr A A D , Supriana T
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to calculate the level of income/revenue of carrot farmers in Surbakti Village, and analyse the factors of production which affect carrot production in Surbakti Village. The study population was carrot farmers in Surbakti Village, a sample of 82, the sampling method used is accidental sampling. The analytical method used in this study was the Cobbs-Douglas production function method. The results of the analysis showed that the independent variables (land area, fungicide and labour) had a significant effect on carrot production, while hydro complex and insecticide had no real effect. The income per farmer from carrot farming is IDR 28,871,664.02 or IDR 41,266,802.34 per hectare.
Analysis the factors affecting the women’s participation in economic activities of the fisherman households in coastal areas
Authors: Syahri L K , Iskandarini  , Wibowo R P
Published: April 2020

The role of women is one of the human resources that need to be economically empowered, in meeting daily needs. The purpose of this research to determine the shape of women’s participation and to analyse factors affecting women’s participation in economic activities of the fishermen’s households, especially in Medan Labuhan, Medan Marelan and Medan Belawan sub-districts. The determination of the area is done purposively. The sample’s large method of determination is determined by the formula Slovin, and the samples are randomly drawn (simple random sampling) and the technique of sample quantities from each research site or each sub-district is a proportional sampling. The methods of data analysis used are methods of descriptive analysis and regression logistic. The results showed that 40 people (41.24%) fishermen’s wife does work and 57 people (58.76%) The fisherman’s wife works from a total of 97 respondents and the estimated results show the factors that significantly affect women’s participation in the fishermen’s household economic activity are the number of family dependents and husband’s permission.
The utilization of cassava by-products into complete ration on performances and feed digestibility of weaning male crossbred Landrace pigs
Authors: Zendrato D P , Hasan F , Hanafi N D , Henuk Y L , Daulay A H
Published: April 2020

A study was conducted to determine the utilization of cassava by-products, especially leaves, peel and pulp included into a complete ration on the performances and digestibility boar crossbred Landrace pigs. 16 crossbred white Landrace piglets with an initial live weight of 20.40 (± 1.27) kg used in this study. A completely randomized design was used in which the 16 piglets were randomly allocated to four diets and four replicates. The four dietary treatments were used: T0 = positive control (commercial pig starter/grower added without dried cassava by-products); T20 = commercial pig starter/grower added with 20% dried cassava by-products; T40 = commercial pig starter/grower added with 40% dried cassava by-products; T60 = commercial pig starter/grower added with 60% dried cassava by-products. The best result of adding cassava byproducts in commercial starter/grower of pigs were at the level of 20% with FI of 1.547 kg/head/day, BWG of 0.296 kg/head/day, FCR of 5.22, DM digestibility of 77.72%, OM digestibility of 73.77%. It was concluded that cassava by-products derived from the making of cassava chips for human consumption can be included in pigs starter and grower diet up to 20%.
Organoleptic characteristics of broiler chicken meat using juice of starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L)
Authors: Hafid H , Patriani P , Nuraini  , Norma  , Ananda S H , Inderawati
Published: April 2020

The study aimed to determine the effect of using Averrhoa bilimbi L juice on the organoleptic characteristics of fresh chicken meat. The material used in this study is chicken meat and Averrhoa bilimbi L juice. The study used a completely randomized design with treatment without giving Averrhoa bilimbi L (P0) as a control, given juice and stored for 3 hours (P1), given juice and stored for 6 hours (P2), juiced and stored for 9 hours (P3). Testing of organoleptic characteristics using seven trained panellists from restaurant employees in Kendari. The results showed that the treatment of Averrhoa bilimbi L juice with different storage times had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the organoleptic characteristics of aroma, colour, and tenderness of broiler chicken, but gave a significant effect (P <0.05) on taste and showed very significant influence (P <0.01) on the texture of chicken meat. Conclusions in this study were the best treatment for using Averrhoa bilimbi L juice for nine hours.
Management strategies for leading sectors of fisheries, livestock and agriculture resources in supporting the economic of border household in the border between Indonesia and Timor Leste
Authors: Paulus C A , Sobang Y U L , Azmanajaya E , Pellokila M R , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The economic contribution in Belu Regency is dominated by fisheries, livestock and agriculture sectors. The purpose of this research is to find business contribution from the leading sectors of agriculture, livestock, and fisheries so as to provide economic benefits for the community, especially in the border area. The results of this study showed that the contribution and average percentage and income of each agricultural commodity was as follows: (1) corn (36%; IDR 3,365,500±567,948.52), (2) green beans (18%; IDR 1,725,250±481,375.43), (3) cashew nuts (16%; IDR 1,478,250±443,583.72), (4) sweet potato (13%; IDR 1,236,750±280948.93), (5) horticulture (9%; IDR 889,500±246,666.73), and (6) other plants (8%; IDR 774,075±157,144.7), repectively. The contribution and average percentage and income of each livestock commodity as follows: (1) beef cattle (56%; IDR 10,478,750±5,097,956.73), (2) pigs (33%; IDR 624,4250±2,016,287.81), (3) goats (4%; IDR 765,750±512,812.87), (4) native chicken (3%; IDR 618,500±362,077.70), (5) other livestock (3% and IDR557,000±310,107.79) respectively. The contribution and average percentage and income of each fishery business as follows: (1) capture fisheries (66%; IDR 9,988,750±1,373,826.65), (2) fish processing (18%; IDR 2,715,500±1,482,630.04), and (3) other fisheries services (17%; IDR 2,513,500±1,180,551.94), respectively. It can be concluded that the superior agriculture commodities in the Belu Regency, livestock commodities and fisheries business commodities.