bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically coupled CH4 and CO2 consumption driven by microbial processes
Authors: Zheng Yue , Wang Huan , Liu Yan , Liu Peiyu , Zhu Baoli , Zheng Yanning , Li Jinhua , Chistoserdova Ludmila , Ren Zhiyong Jason , Zhao Feng
Published: April 2024

The chemical transformations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases typically have high energy barriers. Here we present an approach of strategic coupling of CH4 oxidation and CO2 reduction in a switched microbial process governed by redox cycling of iron minerals under temperate conditions. The presence of iron minerals leads to an obvious enhancement of carbon fixation, with the minerals acting as the electron acceptor for CH4 oxidation and the electron donor for CO2 reduction, facilitated by changes in the mineral structure. The electron flow between the two functionally active microbial consortia is tracked through electrochemistry, and the energy metabolism in these consortia is predicted at the genetic level. This study offers a promising strategy for the removal of CH4 and CO2 in the natural environment and proposes an engineering technique for the utilization of major greenhouse gases.
Low-nuclearity CuZn ensembles on ZnZrOx catalyze methanol synthesis from CO2
Authors: Pinheiro Araújo Thaylan , Giannakakis Georgios , Morales-Vidal Jordi , Agrachev Mikhail , Ruiz-Bernal Zaira , Preikschas Phil , Zou Tangsheng , Krumeich Frank , Willi Patrik O. , Stark Wendelin J. , Grass Robert N. , Jeschke Gunnar , Mitchell Sharon , López Núria , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: April 2024

Metal promotion could unlock high performance in zinc-zirconium catalysts, ZnZrOx, for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Still, with most efforts devoted to costly palladium, the optimal metal choice and necessary atomic-level architecture remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the promotion of ZnZrOx catalysts with small amounts (0.5 mol%) of diverse hydrogenation metals (Re, Co, Au, Ni, Rh, Ag, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, and Cu) prepared via a standardized flame spray pyrolysis approach. Cu emerges as the most effective promoter, doubling methanol productivity. Operando X-ray absorption, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory simulations reveal that Cu0 species form Zn-rich low-nuclearity CuZn clusters on the ZrO2 surface during reaction, which correlates with the generation of oxygen vacancies in their vicinity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that this catalytic ensemble promotes the rapid hydrogenation of intermediate formate into methanol while effectively suppressing CO production, showcasing the potential of low-nuclearity metal ensembles in CO2-based methanol synthesis.
Auditory cortex conveys non-topographic sound localization signals to visual cortex
Authors: Mazo Camille , Baeta Margarida , Petreanu Leopoldo
Published: April 2024

Spatiotemporally congruent sensory stimuli are fused into a unified percept. The auditory cortex (AC) sends projections to the primary visual cortex (V1), which could provide signals for binding spatially corresponding audio-visual stimuli. However, whether AC inputs in V1 encode sound location remains unknown. Using two-photon axonal calcium imaging and a speaker array, we measured the auditory spatial information transmitted from AC to layer 1 of V1. AC conveys information about the location of ipsilateral and contralateral sound sources to V1. Sound location could be accurately decoded by sampling AC axons in V1, providing a substrate for making location-specific audiovisual associations. However, AC inputs were not retinotopically arranged in V1, and audio-visual modulations of V1 neurons did not depend on the spatial congruency of the sound and light stimuli. The non-topographic sound localization signals provided by AC might allow the association of specific audiovisual spatial patterns in V1 neurons.
Reverse water gas-shift reaction product driven dynamic activation of molybdenum nitride catalyst surface
Authors: Xin Hui , Li Rongtan , Lin Le , Mu Rentao , Li Mingrun , Li Dan , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe
Published: April 2024

In heterogeneous catalysis catalyst activation is often observed during the reaction process, which is mostly attributed to the induction by reactants. In this work we report that surface structure of molybdenum nitride (MoNx) catalyst exhibits a high dependency on the partial pressure or concentration of reaction products i.e., CO and H2O in reverse water gas-shift reaction (RWGS) (CO2:H2 = 1:3) but not reactants of CO2 and H2. Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) overlayers formed by oxidation with H2O are observed at reaction pressure below 10 mbar or with low partial pressure of CO/H2O products, while CO-induced surface carbonization happens at reaction pressure above 100 mbar and with high partial pressure of CO/H2O products. The reaction products induce restructuring of MoNx surface into more active molybdenum carbide (MoCx) to increase the reaction rate and make for higher partial pressure CO, which in turn promote further surface carbonization of MoNx. We refer to this as the positive feedback between catalytic activity and catalyst activation in RWGS, which should be widely present in heterogeneous catalysis.
Modeling the impact of thoracic pressure on intracranial pressure
Authors: Munster Drayton W. , Lewandowski Beth E. , Nelson Emily S. , Prabhu R. K. , Myers Jr Jerry G.
Published: April 2024

A potential contribution to the progression of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome is the thoracic-to-spinal dural sac transmural pressure relationship. In this study, we utilize a lumped-parameter computational model of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) systems to investigate mechanisms of CSF redistribution. We present two analyses to illustrate potential mechanisms for CSF pressure alterations similar to those observed in microgravity conditions. Our numerical evidence suggests that the compliant relationship between thoracic and CSF compartments is insufficient to solely explain the observed decrease in CSF pressure with respect to the supine position. Our analyses suggest that the interaction between thoracic pressure and the cardiovascular system, particularly the central veins, has greater influence on CSF pressure. These results indicate that future studies should focus on the holistic system, with the impact of cardiovascular changes to the CSF pressure emphasized over the sequestration of fluid in the spine.
Transcription-coupled repair of DNA–protein cross-links depends on CSA and CSB
Authors: Carnie Christopher J. , Acampora Aleida C. , Bader Aldo S. , Erdenebat Chimeg , Zhao Shubo , Bitensky Elnatan , van den Heuvel Diana , Parnas Avital , Gupta Vipul , D’Alessandro Giuseppina , Sczaniecka-Clift Matylda , Weickert Pedro , Aygenli Fatih , Götz Maximilian J. , Cordes Jacqueline , Esain-Garcia Isabel , Melidis Larry , Wondergem Annelotte P. , Lam Simon , Robles Maria S. , Balasubramanian Shankar , Adar Sheera , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Jackson Stephen P. , Stingele Julian
Published: April 2024

Covalent DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) are toxic DNA lesions that block replication and require repair by multiple pathways. Whether transcription blockage contributes to the toxicity of DPCs and how cells respond when RNA polymerases stall at DPCs is unknown. Here we find that DPC formation arrests transcription and induces ubiquitylation and degradation of RNA polymerase II. Using genetic screens and a method for the genome-wide mapping of DNA–protein adducts, DPC sequencing, we discover that Cockayne syndrome (CS) proteins CSB and CSA provide resistance to DPC-inducing agents by promoting DPC repair in actively transcribed genes. Consequently, CSB- or CSA-deficient cells fail to efficiently restart transcription after induction of DPCs. In contrast, nucleotide excision repair factors that act downstream of CSB and CSA at ultraviolet light-induced DNA lesions are dispensable. Our study describes a transcription-coupled DPC repair pathway and suggests that defects in this pathway may contribute to the unique neurological features of CS.
Force-controlled release of small molecules with a rotaxane actuator
Authors: Chen Lei , Nixon Robert , De Bo Guillaume
Published: April 2024

Force-controlled release of small molecules offers great promise for the delivery of drugs and the release of healing or reporting agents in a medical or materials context1–3. In polymer mechanochemistry, polymers are used as actuators to stretch mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores)4. This technique has enabled the release of molecular cargo by rearrangement, as a direct5,6 or indirect7–10 consequence of bond scission in a mechanophore, or by dissociation of cage11, supramolecular12 or metal complexes13,14, and even by ‘flex activation’15,16. However, the systems described so far are limited in the diversity and/or quantity of the molecules released per stretching event1,2. This is due to the difficulty in iteratively activating scissile mechanophores, as the actuating polymers will dissociate after the first activation. Physical encapsulation strategies can be used to deliver a larger cargo load, but these are often subject to non-specific (that is, non-mechanical) release3. Here we show that a rotaxane (an interlocked molecule in which a macrocycle is trapped on a stoppered axle) acts as an efficient actuator to trigger the release of cargo molecules appended to its axle. The release of up to five cargo molecules per rotaxane actuator was demonstrated in solution, by ultrasonication, and in bulk, by compression, achieving a release efficiency of up to 71% and 30%, respectively, which places this rotaxane device among the most efficient release systems achieved so far1. We also demonstrate the release of three representative functional molecules (a drug, a fluorescent tag and an organocatalyst), and we anticipate that a large variety of cargo molecules could be released with this device. This rotaxane actuator provides a versatile platform for various force-controlled release applications.
Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3
Authors: Basini M. , Pancaldi M. , Wehinger B. , Udina M. , Unikandanunni V. , Tadano T. , Hoffmann M. C. , Balatsky A. V. , Bonetti S.
Published: April 2024

The emergence of collective order in matter is among the most fundamental and intriguing phenomena in physics. In recent years, the dynamical control and creation of novel ordered states of matter not accessible in thermodynamic equilibrium is receiving much attention1–6. The theoretical concept of dynamical multiferroicity has been introduced to describe the emergence of magnetization due to time-dependent electric polarization in non-ferromagnetic materials7,8. In simple terms, the coherent rotating motion of the ions in a crystal induces a magnetic moment along the axis of rotation. Here we provide experimental evidence of room-temperature magnetization in the archetypal paraelectric perovskite SrTiO3 due to this mechanism. We resonantly drive the infrared-active soft phonon mode with an intense circularly polarized terahertz electric field and detect the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. A simple model, which includes two coupled nonlinear oscillators whose forces and couplings are derived with ab initio calculations using self-consistent phonon theory at a finite temperature9, reproduces qualitatively our experimental observations. A quantitatively correct magnitude was obtained for the effect by also considering the phonon analogue of the reciprocal of the Einstein–de Haas effect, which is also called the Barnett effect, in which the total angular momentum from the phonon order is transferred to the electronic one. Our findings show a new path for the control of magnetism, for example, for ultrafast magnetic switches, by coherently controlling the lattice vibrations with light.
FSC-certified forest management benefits large mammals compared to non-FSC
Authors: Zwerts Joeri A. , Sterck E. H. M. , Verweij Pita A. , Maisels Fiona , van der Waarde Jaap , Geelen Emma A. M. , Tchoumba Georges Belmond , Donfouet Zebaze Hermann Frankie , van Kuijk Marijke
Published: April 2024

More than a quarter of the world’s tropical forests are exploited for timber1. Logging impacts biodiversity in these ecosystems, primarily through the creation of forest roads that facilitate hunting for wildlife over extensive areas. Forest management certification schemes such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) are expected to mitigate impacts on biodiversity, but so far very little is known about the effectiveness of FSC certification because of research design challenges, predominantly limited sample sizes2,3. Here we provide this evidence by using 1.3 million camera-trap photos of 55 mammal species in 14 logging concessions in western equatorial Africa. We observed higher mammal encounter rates in FSC-certified than in non-FSC logging concessions. The effect was most pronounced for species weighing more than 10 kg and for species of high conservation priority such as the critically endangered forest elephant and western lowland gorilla. Across the whole mammal community, non-FSC concessions contained proportionally more rodents and other small species than did FSC-certified concessions. The first priority for species protection should be to maintain unlogged forests with effective law enforcement, but for logged forests our findings provide convincing data that FSC-certified forest management is less damaging to the mammal community than is non-FSC forest management. This study provides strong evidence that FSC-certified forest management or equivalently stringent requirements and controlling mechanisms should become the norm for timber extraction to avoid half-empty forests dominated by rodents and other small species.
Ligand efficacy modulates conformational dynamics of the µ-opioid receptor
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Elgeti Matthias , O’Brien Evan S. , Sár Cecília P. , EI Daibani Amal , Heng Jie , Sun Xiaoou , White Elizabeth , Che Tao , Hubbell Wayne L. , Kobilka Brian K. , Chen Chunlai
Published: April 2024

The µ-opioid receptor (µOR) is an important target for pain management1 and molecular understanding of drug action on µOR will facilitate the development of better therapeutics. Here we show, using double electron–electron resonance and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, how ligand-specific conformational changes of µOR translate into a broad range of intrinsic efficacies at the transducer level. We identify several conformations of the cytoplasmic face of the receptor that interconvert on different timescales, including a pre-activated conformation that is capable of G-protein binding, and a fully activated conformation that markedly reduces GDP affinity within the ternary complex. Interaction of β-arrestin-1 with the μOR core binding site appears less specific and occurs with much lower affinity than binding of Gi.
Visualizing chaperone-mediated multistep assembly of the human 20S proteasome
Authors: Adolf Frank , Du Jiale , Goodall Ellen A. , Walsh Richard M. , Rawson Shaun , von Gronau Susanne , Harper J. Wade , Hanna John , Schulman Brenda A.
Published: April 2024

Dedicated assembly factors orchestrate the stepwise production of many molecular machines, including the 28-subunit proteasome core particle (CP) that mediates protein degradation. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of seven recombinant human subcomplexes that visualize all five chaperones and the three active site propeptides across a wide swath of the assembly pathway. Comparison of these chaperone-bound intermediates and a matching mature CP reveals molecular mechanisms determining the order of successive subunit additions, as well as how proteasome subcomplexes and assembly factors structurally adapt upon progressive subunit incorporation to stabilize intermediates, facilitate the formation of subsequent intermediates and ultimately rearrange to coordinate proteolytic activation with gated access to active sites. This work establishes a methodologic approach for structural analysis of multiprotein complex assembly intermediates, illuminates specific functions of assembly factors and reveals conceptual principles underlying human proteasome biogenesis, thus providing an explanation for many previous biochemical and genetic observations.
ForCenS-LGM: a dataset of planktonic foraminifera species assemblage composition for the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Jonkers Lukas , Mix Alan , Voelker Antje , Risebrobakken Bjørg , Smart Christopher W. , Ivanova Elena , Arellano-Torres Elsa , Eynaud Frédérique , Naoufel Haddam , Max Lars , Rossignol Linda , Simon Margit H. , Martins Maria Virgínia Alves , Petró Sandro , Caley Thibaut , Dokken Trond , Howard Will , Kucera Michal
Published: April 2024

Species assemblage composition of marine microfossils offers the possibility to investigate ecological and climatological change on time scales inaccessible using conventional observations. Planktonic foraminifera - calcareous zooplankton - have an excellent fossil record and are used extensively in palaeoecology and palaeoceanography. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 19,000 – 23,000 years ago), the climate was in a radically different state. This period is therefore a key target to investigate climate and biodiversity under different conditions than today. Studying LGM climate and ecosystems indeed has a long history, yet the most recent global synthesis of planktonic foraminifera assemblage composition is now nearly two decades old. Here we present the ForCenS-LGM dataset with 2,365 species assemblage samples collected using standardised methods and with harmonised taxonomy. The data originate from marine sediments from 664 sites and present a more than 50% increase in coverage compared to previous work. The taxonomy is compatible with the most recent global core top dataset, enabling direct investigation of temporal changes in foraminifera biogeography and facilitating seawater temperature reconstructions.
A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus secretome induces immunoregulatory transcriptional, functional and immunometabolic signatures in human THP-1 monocytes
Authors: Jeffrey Michael P. , Saleem Lin , MacPherson Chad W. , Tompkins Thomas A. , Clarke Sandra T. , Green-Johnson Julia M.
Published: April 2024

Macrophage responses to activation are fluid and dynamic in their ability to respond appropriately to challenges, a role integral to host defence. While bacteria can influence macrophage differentiation and polarization into pro-inflammatory and alternatively activated phenotypes through direct interactions, many questions surround indirect communication mechanisms mediated through secretomes derived from gut bacteria, such as lactobacilli. We examined effects of secretome-mediated conditioning on THP-1 human monocytes, focusing on the ability of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R0011 secretome (LrS) to drive macrophage differentiation and polarization and prime immune responses to subsequent challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed increased M2-associated gene transcription in response to LrS conditioning in THP-1 cells. Cytokine and chemokine profiling confirmed these results, indicating increased M2-associated chemokine and cytokine production (IL-1Ra, IL-10). These cells had increased cell-surface marker expression of CD11b, CD86, and CX3CR1, coupled with reduced expression of the M1 macrophage-associated marker CD64. Mitochondrial substrate utilization assays indicated diminished reliance on glycolytic substrates, coupled with increased utilization of citric acid cycle intermediates, characteristics of functional M2 activity. LPS challenge of LrS-conditioned THP-1s revealed heightened responsiveness, indicative of innate immune priming. Resting stage THP-1 macrophages co-conditioned with LrS and retinoic acid also displayed an immunoregulatory phenotype with expression of CD83, CD11c and CD103 and production of regulatory cytokines. Secretome-mediated conditioning of macrophages into an immunoregulatory phenotype is an uncharacterized and potentially important route through which lactic acid bacteria and the gut microbiota may train and shape innate immunity at the gut-mucosal interface.
Machine learning reveals differential effects of depression and anxiety on reward and punishment processing
Authors: Grabowska Anna , Zabielski Jakub , Senderecka Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Recent studies suggest that depression and anxiety are associated with unique aspects of EEG responses to reward and punishment, respectively; also, abnormal responses to punishment in depressed individuals are related to anxiety, the symptoms of which are comorbid with depression. In a non-clinical sample, we aimed to investigate the relationships between reward processing and anxiety, between punishment processing and anxiety, between reward processing and depression, and between punishment processing and depression. Towards this aim, we separated feedback-related brain activity into delta and theta bands to isolate activity that indexes functionally distinct processes. Based on the delta/theta frequency and feedback valence, we then used machine learning (ML) to classify individuals with high severity of depressive symptoms and individuals with high severity of anxiety symptoms versus controls. The significant difference between the depression and control groups was driven mainly by delta activity; there were no differences between reward- and punishment-theta activities. The high severity of anxiety symptoms was marginally more strongly associated with the punishment- than the reward-theta feedback processing. The findings provide new insights into the differences in the impacts of anxiety and depression on reward and punishment processing; our study shows the utility of ML in testing brain-behavior hypotheses and emphasizes the joint effect of theta-RewP/FRN and delta frequency on feedback-related brain activity.
Comparative efficacy of seven nonpharmacological interventions on global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Seok Ji-Woo , Kim Gahye , Kim Jaeuk U.
Published: April 2024

To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions may be a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind–body exercise, physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention (CTI), acutherapy (ACU), meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis (NMA). Sixty-one randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. An NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The NMA revealed that mind–body exercise (standardized mean difference, 1.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.777–1.992); ACU (1.283; 0.478–2.088); meditation (0.910; 0.097–1.724); non-invasive brain stimulation (1.242; 0.254–2.230); CTI (1.269; 0.736–1.802); and physical exercise (0.977; 0.212–1.742), showed positive effects compared to passive controls. There were no significant differences between the efficacies of other interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions may potentially enhance and maintain global cognition through various pathways, such as memorizing movements and enhancing brain plasticity by reducing stress in the older adult population. Additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables.
Computational analysis of substituent effects on proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of TEMPO derivatives and their hydrogen bonding interactions with water molecules
Authors: Shiroudi Abolfazl , Śmiechowski Maciej , Czub Jacek , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A.
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the molecular structure of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives in the gas phase using B3LYP and M06-2X functional methods. Intermolecular interactions are analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) techniques. NO2-substituted TEMPO displays high reactivity, less stability, and softer properties. The study reveals that the stability of TEMPO derivatives is mainly influenced by LP(e) → σ∗ electronic delocalization effects, with the highest stabilization observed on the oxygen atom of the nitroxide moiety. This work also considers electron density, atomic charges, and energetic and thermodynamic properties of the studied NO radicals, and their relative stability. The proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of the studied compounds were computed at T = 298 K for O-protonation and N-protonation, respectively. The studied DFT method calculations show that O-protonation is more stable than N-protonation, with an energy difference of 16.64–20.77 kcal/mol (22.80–25.68 kcal/mol) at the B3LYP (M06-2X) method. The AIM analysis reveals that the N–O…H interaction in H2O complexes has the most favorable hydrogen bond energy computed at bond critical points (3, − 1), and the planar configurations of TEMPO derivatives exhibit the highest EHB values. This indicates stronger hydrogen bonding interactions between the N–O group and water molecules.
Comprehensive antifungal investigation of natural plant extracts against Neosartorya spp. (Aspergillus spp.) of agriculturally significant microbiological contaminants and shaping their metabolic profile
Authors: Maj Wiktoria , Pertile Giorgia , Różalska Sylwia , Skic Kamil , Frąc Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Fungi belonging to the genus Neosartorya (teleomorph of Aspergillus spp.) are of great concern in the production and storage of berries and fruit-based products, mainly due to the production of thermoresistant ascospores that cause food spoilage and possible secretion of mycotoxins. We initially tested the antifungal effect of six natural extracts against 20 isolates of Neosartorya spp. using a traditional inhibition test on Petri dishes. Tested isolates did not respond uniformly, creating 5 groups of descending sensitivity. Ten isolates best representing of the established sensitivity clusters were chosen for further investigation using a Biolog™ MT2 microplate assay with the same 6 natural extracts. Additionally, to test for metabolic profile changes, we used a Biolog™ FF microplate assay after pre-incubation with marigold extract. All natural extracts had an inhibitory effect on Neosartorya spp. growth and impacted its metabolism. Lavender and tea tree oil extracts at a concentration of 1000 µg mL−1 presented the strongest antifungal effect during the inhibition test, however all extracts exhibited inhibitory properties at even the lowest dose (5 µg mL−1). The fungal stress response in the presence of marigold extract was characterized by a decrease of amino acids and carbohydrates consumption and an uptake of carboxylic acids on the FF microplates, where the 10 studied isolates also presented differences in their innate resilience, creating 3 distinctive sensitivity groups of high, average and low sensitivity. The results confirm that natural plant extracts and essential oils inhibit and alter the growth and metabolism of Neosartorya spp. suggesting a possible future use in sustainable agriculture as an alternative to chemical fungicides used in traditional crop protection.
Transcriptomic alterations in cortical astrocytes following the development of post-traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Leonard John , Wei Xiaoran , Browning Jack , Gudenschwager-Basso Erwin Kristobal , Li Jiangtao , Harris Elizabeth A. , Olsen Michelle L. , Theus Michelle H.
Published: April 2024

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) stands as one of the numerous debilitating consequences that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its impact on many individuals, the current landscape offers only a limited array of reliable treatment options, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and susceptibility factors remains incomplete. Among the potential contributors to epileptogenesis, astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have garnered substantial attention as they are believed to promote hyperexcitability and the development of seizures in the brain following TBI. The current study evaluated the transcriptomic changes in cortical astrocytes derived from animals that developed seizures as a result of severe focal TBI. Using RNA-Seq and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we unveil a distinct gene expression profile in astrocytes, including alterations in genes supporting inflammation, early response modifiers, and neuropeptide-amidating enzymes. The findings underscore the complex molecular dynamics in astrocytes during PTE development, offering insights into therapeutic targets and avenues for further exploration.
Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between dietary habits and age at menarche
Authors: Guo Ruilong , Feng Ruoyang , Yang Jiong , Xiao Yanfeng , Yin Chunyan
Published: April 2024

Dietary habits are essential in the mean age at menarche (AAM). However, the causal relationship between these factors remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the genetic relationship between dietary habits and AAM. Genetic summary statistics for dietary habits were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS summary data for AAM was obtained from the ReproGen Consortium. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to test genetic correlations between dietary habits and AAM. The Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses used the inverse-variance weighted method. Genetic correlations with AAM were identified for 29 candi-date dietary habits, such as milk type (skimmed, semi-skimmed, full cream; coefficient = 0.2704, Pldsc = 1.13 × 10−14). MR evaluations revealed that 19 dietary habits were associated with AAM, including bread type (white vs. any other; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28–2.29, Pmr = 3.20 × 10−4), tablespoons of cooked vegetables (OR 0.437, 95% CI 0.29–0.67; Pmr = 1.30 × 10−4), and cups of coffee per day (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.92, Pmr = 8.31 × 10−3). These results were observed to be stable under the sensitivity analysis. Our study provides potential insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying AAM and evidence that dietary habits are associated with AAM.
New simplified design methods for engineering barriers around contaminated sites with Cauchy boundaries
Authors: Zhang Liyilan , Qi Yiwen , Yuan Yuxin , Tan Yaokai , Chen Guannian , Wang Yan , Wu Tao
Published: April 2024

Since the 1980s, low-permeability slurry trench cutoff walls have been widely constructed as barriers to retard the migration of contaminants. The thickness of the cutoff walls is a key determinant of the wall service life. Through a series of theoretical derivations, simplified methods for determining the flux limit and concentration limit were proposed to determine the thickness of cutoff walls for contaminated sites with constant pollutant flux. The relative errors of both the flux-based and concentration-based methods increase as the breakthrough criterion of the ratio between the specified limit concentration of the contaminant to the source concentration (C*) and the ratio of the limited value of contaminant flux to the constant source flux (F*) increases, with a given Peclet number PL. The maximum relative error reaches 4% and 6% when C* and F* are both 0.1, which covers most practical situations in cutoff wall design. Good agreements of wall thickness were obtained between the proposed simplified methods and analytical solutions via a clear example. The proposed method can efficiently simplify the design process of cutoff walls with high accuracy, providing a basis for containing contaminated sites.
Stability analysis of rainfall-induced landslide considering air resistance delay effect and lateral seepage
Authors: Li Li , Lin Hanjie , Qiang Yue , Zhang Yi , Liang Siyu , Hu Shengchao , Xu Xinlong , Ni Bo
Published: April 2024

Accumulation landslides are prone to occur during the continuous infiltration of heavy rainfall, which seriously threatens the lives and property safety of local residents. In this paper, based on the Green-Ampt (GA) infiltration model, a new slope rainfall infiltration function is derived by combining the effect of air resistance and lateral seepage of saturated zone. Considering that when the soil layer continues to infiltrate after the saturation zone is formed, the air involvement cannot be discharged in time, which delays the infiltration process. Therefore, the influence of air resistance factor in soil pores is added. According to the infiltration characteristics of finite long slope, the lateral seepage of saturated zone is introduced, which makes up for the deficiency that GA model is only applicable to infinite long slope. Finally, based on the seepage characteristics of the previous analysis, the overall shear strength criterion is used to evaluate the stability of the slope. The results show that the safety factor decreases slowly with the increase of size and is inversely correlated with the slope angle and initial moisture content. The time of infiltration at the same depth increases with the increase of size and slope angle, and is inversely correlated with the initial moisture content, but is less affected by rainfall intensity. By comparing with the results of experimental data and other methods, the results of the proposed method are more consistent with the experimental results than other methods.
Effect of a novel mesh design and the sandblasting technique on the bond strength of computer-designed and three-dimension laser printed resin bonded bridges: an in vitro study
Authors: Diab Mariam , Karkoutly Mawia , kanout Shaza , Nassar Jihad Abou
Published: April 2024

Resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) are a minimally invasive and aesthetically pleasing treatment modality. However, their frequent failure has posed challenges for both dental professionals and patients. This necessitates the exploration of innovative strategies to enhance the longevity of RBBs. This study aimed to assess the bond strength of a mesh bridge fabricated using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in comparison to the traditional aluminum oxide sandblasting method. A total of 48 lower incisors were embedded in acrylic bases according to a standardized computer-generated model to receive 24 metal RBBs. The two groups underwent distinct metal surface treatments: the 3D mesh novel design and sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles sized at 250.00 µm. The bond strength of the bridges was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test with a significance level set at α = 0.05. The findings revealed a significant difference between the two methods (p < 0.001). The 3D mesh design exhibited a mean bond strength of 387.89 ± 24.15 N, while the sandblasting technique yielded a mean value of 161.46 ± 31.25 N. In summary, the 3D mesh design substantially enhanced the bond strength of RBBs compared to the traditional sandblasting technique.
A machine learning approach for predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing tomotherapy
Authors: Quan Ke-Run , Lin Wen-Rong , Hong Jia-Biao , Lin Yu-Hao , Chen Kai-Qiang , Chen Ji-Hong , Cheng Pin-Jing
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to establish an integrated predictive model that combines clinical features, DVH, radiomics, and dosiomics features to predict RIHT in patients receiving tomotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Data from 219 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 175) and a test cohort (n = 44) in an 8:2 ratio. RIHT is defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) greater than 5.6 μU/mL, with or without a decrease in free thyroxine (FT4). Clinical features, 27 DVH features, 107 radiomics features and 107 dosiomics features were extracted for each case and included in the model construction. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select the most relevant features. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was then employed to train separate models using the selected features from clinical, DVH, radiomics and dosiomics data. Finally, a combined model incorporating all features was developed. The models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis. In the test cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the clinical, DVH, radiomics, dosiomics and combined models were 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.656–0.941), 0.673 (0.512–0.834), 0.714 (0.555–0.873), 0.698 (0.530–0.848) and 0.842 (0.724–0.960), respectively. The combined model exhibited higher AUC values compared to other models. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the combined model had superior clinical utility within the threshold probability range of 1% to 79% when compared to the other models. This study has successfully developed a predictive model that combines multiple features. The performance of the combined model is superior to that of single-feature models, allowing for early prediction of RIHT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after tomotherapy.
An in vitro CRISPR screen of cell-free DNA identifies apoptosis as the primary mediator of cell-free DNA release
Authors: Davidson Brad. A. , Miranda Adam X. , Reed Sarah C. , Bergman Riley E. , Kemp Justin D. J. , Reddy Anvith P. , Pantone Morgan V. , Fox Ethan K. , Dorand R. Dixon , Hurley Paula J. , Croessmann Sarah , Park Ben Ho
Published: April 2024

Abtract

Clinical circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing is now routine, however test accuracy remains limited. By understanding the life-cycle of cfDNA, we might identify opportunities to increase test performance. Here, we profile cfDNA release across a 24-cell line panel and utilize a cell-free CRISPR screen (cfCRISPR) to identify mediators of cfDNA release. Our panel outlines two distinct groups of cell lines: one which releases cfDNA fragmented similarly to clinical samples and purported as characteristic of apoptosis, and another which releases larger fragments associated with vesicular or necrotic DNA. Our cfCRISPR screens reveal that genes mediating cfDNA release are primarily involved with apoptosis, but also identify other subsets of genes such as RNA binding proteins as potential regulators of cfDNA release. We observe that both groups of cells lines identified primarily produce cfDNA through apoptosis. These results establish the utility of cfCRISPR, genetically validate apoptosis as a major mediator of DNA release in vitro, and implicate ways to improve cfDNA assays.
Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria
Authors: Meade Luke E. , Pittman Michael , Balanoff Amy , Lautenschlager Stephan
Published: April 2024

Oviraptorosaurians were a theropod dinosaur group that reached high diversity in the Late Cretaceous. Within oviraptorosaurians, the later diverging oviraptorids evolved distinctive crania which were extensively pneumatised, short and tall, and had a robust toothless beak, interpreted as providing a powerful bite for their herbivorous to omnivorous diet. The present study explores the ability of oviraptorid crania to resist large mechanical stresses compared with other theropods and where this adaptation originated within oviraptorosaurians. Digital 3D cranial models were constructed for the earliest diverging oviraptorosaurian, Incisivosaurus gauthieri, and three oviraptorids, Citipati osmolskae, Conchoraptor gracilis, and Khaan mckennai. Finite element analyses indicate oviraptorosaurian crania were stronger than those of other herbivorous theropods (Erlikosaurus and Ornithomimus) and were more comparable to the large, carnivorous Allosaurus. The cranial biomechanics of Incisivosaurus align with oviraptorids, indicating an early establishment of distinctive strengthened cranial biomechanics in Oviraptorosauria, even before the highly modified oviraptorid cranial morphology. Bite modelling, using estimated muscle forces, suggests oviraptorid crania may have functioned closer to structural safety limits. Low mechanical stresses around the beaks of oviraptorids suggest a convergently evolved, functionally distinct rhamphotheca, serving as a cropping/feeding tool rather than for stress reduction, when compared with other herbivorous theropods.
Light-driven anisotropy of 2D metal-organic framework single crystal for repeatable optical modulation
Authors: Kenzhebayeva Yuliya A. , Kulachenkov Nikita K. , Rzhevskiy Sergey S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Efimova Anastasiia , Alekseevskiy Pavel , Gor Gennady Y. , Emelianova Alina , Shipilovskikh Sergei , Yushina Irina D. , Krylov Alexander , Pavlov Dmitry I. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Potapov Andrei S. , Milichko Valentin A.
Published: April 2024

Structural transformations of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) go through a complex energy landscape with multiple intermediate states. Although the transformations allow controlling the functional properties of the MOFs, an imbalance between MOF flexibility and rigidity sets a fundamental barrier to achieving fast and multiple transformations. Here, we study the stimuli-responsive structural transformation in a 2D MOF assembled from paddle-wheel secondary building units joined by a semi-flexible organic ligand with 1,2,4-triazole and carboxylate groups with a rigid adamantane cage between them. The structure results in a distinctive combination of MOF flexibility and rigidity, thus, facilitating a continuous transformation driven by laser light. We reveal the laser-induced anisotropic thermal expansion nature of such transformation, initiating optical changes of the 2D MOF. The latter is utilized for fast and highly repeatable optical modulation of over 10,000 cycles. The endurance of such a 2D MOF-based optical modulator during 1 year of storage at ambient conditions paves the way to design tunable and robust MOFs for diverse applications.
Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period
Authors: Gabriel Imogen , Plunkett Gill , Abbott Peter M. , Behrens Melanie , Burke Andrea , Chellman Nathan , Cook Eliza , Fleitmann Dominik , Hörhold Maria , Hutchison William , McConnell Joseph R. , Óladóttir Bergrún A. , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Sliwinski Jakub T. , Sugden Patrick , Twarloh Birthe , Sigl Michael
Published: April 2024

Existing global volcanic radiative aerosol forcing estimates portray the period 700 to 1000 as volcanically quiescent, void of major volcanic eruptions. However, this disagrees with proximal Icelandic geological records and regional Greenland ice-core records of sulfate. Here, we use cryptotephra analyses, high-resolution sulfur isotope analyses, and glaciochemical volcanic tracers on an array of Greenland ice cores to characterise volcanic activity and climatically important sulfuric aerosols across the period 700 to 1000. We identify a prolonged episode of volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions (751–940) dominated by Icelandic volcanism, that we term the Icelandic Active Period. This period commences with the Hrafnkatla episode (751–763), which coincided with strong winter cooling anomalies across Europe. This study reveals an important contribution of prolonged volcanic sulfate emissions to the pre-industrial atmospheric aerosol burden, currently not considered in existing forcing estimates, and highlights the need for further research to disentangle their associated climate feedbacks.
Structures, influences, and formation mechanism of planar defects on (100), (001) and (−201) planes in β-Ga2O3 crystals
Authors: Li Qi , Guan Xin , Zhong Yu , Jia Zhitai , Li Yang , Lin Na
Published: April 2024

The structures, influences, and formation mechanism of planar defects in β-Ga2O3 crystals, and the infulence of common point defects on the formation of these planar defects.
Construction of olefinic coordination polymer single crystal platforms: precise organic synthesis, in situ exploration of reaction mechanisms and beyond
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqiao , Wang Yong , Braunstein Pierre , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: April 2024

Olefinic coordination polymers were used as universal single crystal platforms for precise organic synthesis, in situ mechanism exploration and photochemical applications.
Exploration of the active sites on a Rh–In2O3 catalyst for the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene: a theoretical study
Authors: Sun Kaihang , Zou Rui , Shen Chenyang , Liu Chang-jun
Published: April 2024

Rh single atom-promoted In2O3 is promising for the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene, while the In2O3-supported Rh cluster leads to over-hydrogenation and is not suitable.
Characterization of black carbon and silica nanoparticle interactions with human plasma proteins
Authors: Chen Si-si , Chen Hong-juan , Guo Xue-wen , Zheng Wei-juan , Lian Hong-zhen
Published: April 2024

Black carbon and silica nanoparticles, modeling different sources of PM, differ in protein corona composition and effects on protein structure.
Rapid synthesis of MXenes and their potential risk to bacterial communities in the tomato rhizosphere
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Zhang Houpu , Ren Jie , Zhang Chao , Xu Mao , Liu Dan , Wang Yuru , Lei Weiwei , Zhao Xiaoli , Chen Cheng
Published: April 2024

A rapid MXene preparation method has been developed, and the negligible impact of MXene on the soil environment has been confirmed through the evaluation of the sensitive rhizosphere bacterial community.
Facile fabrication of a Z-scheme g-C3N5/Gd-MOF/silver nanocube composite as a new generation visible light active photocatalyst for abatement of persistent toxic pollutants
Authors: UshaVipinachandran Varsha , Bhunia Susanta Kumar
Published: April 2024

A ternary composite by combining g-C3N5 and Gd-MOF adorned with AgNCs has been fabricated for the efficient reduction of Cr6+ and neomycin degradation.
Construction of hierarchical porous and polydopamine/salicylaldoxime functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 via controlled etching for uranium adsorption
Authors: Tuo Kai , Li Jin , Li Yi , Liang Chuyao , Shao Cuicui , Hou Weifeng , Li Zhijian , Pu Shouzhi , Deng Chunhui
Published: April 2024

A polydopamine/salicylaldoxime decorated hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 is constructed. This innovative material shows great promise for the rapid, efficient, and selective extraction of uranium from seawater.
Automatic in situ short-distance deposition of PLGA/PLLA composite nanofibrous membranes for personalized wound dressings
Authors: Liu Yuzhi , Xia Bihan , Zhao Rui , Qin Mei , Weng Xuan , Zeng Zhi , Deng Kai , Jiang Hai
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate a self-designed, automatic, short-distance, in situ deposition device based on solution blow spinning (SBS) for wound dressing using PLGA/PLLA/TA composite nanofibrous membranes.
Advances in rapid point-of-care virus testing
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Bu Jin-Wei , Shu Ru-Xin , Liu Shu-Lin
Published: April 2024

The researchers detect viruses through various analyses based on three targets: nucleic acids, antigens, and antibodies.
Analysis of the effect of cations on protein conformational stability using solid-state nanopores
Authors: Zhu Libo , Wu Hongwen , Xu Zhengyuan , Guo Lanying , Zhao Jinsong
Published: April 2024

This work studied the cations (Li+ and Na+) effect on the conformational stability of negative charged BSA, and provides a novel analysis method for the conformational changes of proteins in situ.
Bioactive microgel-coated electrospun membrane with cell-instructive interfaces and topology for abdominal wall defect repair
Authors: Xing Renquan , Gao Rui , Huangfu Yini , Zhang Yufeng , Li Shuangyang , Zhang Chuangnian , Huang Pingsheng , Wang Weiwei , Dong Anjie , Feng Zujian
Published: April 2024

A promising bioactive microgel-coated electrospun membrane with cell-instructive interfaces and topology for abdominal wall defect repair.