bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de pozas, jaulas y pirámides sobre la evaluación productiva en Cavia Porcellus, distrito de Luya, Amazonas
Authors: Ricce Cullampe Manuel Alexander
Published: June 2021

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de pozas, jaulas y pirámides sobre la evaluación productiva en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en el distrito de Luya, región Amazonas, Perú, en instalaciones ubicados en “El Oratorio”, donde se determinó el peso al iniciar y finalizar el trabajo de investigación, ganancia de peso, la conversión alimenticia en función a la materia seca obtenida a través del suministró el alimento de acuerdo al peso vivo y también se evaluó el rendimiento de canal durante siete semanas. Los resultados obtenidos durante la evaluación productiva es que los pesos de los cuyes producidos en pozas registraron un mejor valor con 314.25 g como peso inicial a la primera semana en comparación al peso final donde se encontró mejores resultados en cuyes producidos en jaulas con 887.05g, la ganancia de peso también fue mejor quienes ganaron 577.50 g, así mismo la conversión alimenticia con 3.94 y el rendimiento de canal 67.81%. Se concluye que no existió un efecto significativo usando pozas, jaulas y pirámides en la evaluación productiva, pero si se obtuvieron mejores resultados cuando los cuyes fueron producidos en jaulas.
Evaluación de efecto antibacteriano in vitro de la harina de látex de Carica pubenscens en Escherichia coli y Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Tenorio Cruz Darleny , Reátegui Inga Reiner Pedro Gabriel , Reátegui Inga Manuel Emilio
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto antibacteriano in vitro del látex de la papaya silvestre (Carica pubescens) en Escherichia coli y Salmonella typhimurium, para esto se colectaron muestras de heces de cuyes con presencia de diarreas de la granja PROALCUY. Los ensayos fueron realizados en el Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias de Animales Domésticos de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), con tres tratamientos y un grupo testigo, cada una con 4 repeticiones, se usaron concentraciones de 0, 20, 40 y 60% del látex de papaya silvestre. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados por análisis de varianza (Diseño Completamente al Azar) y comparación de medidas Tukey con un nivel de significancia del 0,05. El efecto antibacteriano frente a Escherichia coli presento un tamaño de halo de 6 mm en todos los tratamientos mientras que en la Salmonella typhimurium 6, 6, 10,75 y 11,25 mm para las concentraciones 0, 20, 40 y 60% de la harina de látex de papaya silvestre, respectivamente, evidenciando que el látex de papaya silvestre no tiene efecto antibacteriano frente a Salmonella typhimurium y Escherichia coli.
Christianity in a Cosmopolitan Overcoming Xenophobia and Racism in the light of the Bible, Kuzituka Did’ho J-M
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: June 2021

Book review
The Trial of African Solidarity (vol I): Is this the Africa we Fought for? Kuzituka Did’ho J-M
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: June 2021

Book Review
The Reception of Belhar in the Dutch Reformed Church
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Henco
Published: June 2021

This article asks anew the question of the reception of the Belhar Confession in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). In the first part, the question of reception is asked. It is argued that reception inter alia has to do with the receiving and acceptance of one another. In the second part, the question of receiving is asked in light of Richard Kearney’s carnal hermeneutics. The third part focuses on Esselenpark. It is argued that although the reception of Belhar was not the main focus of Esselenpark, at least for a moment, the DRC was in a way able to begin to apprehend what it might mean to really receive and accept one another. The argument is not that the reception of the Belhar Confession is not of utmost importance for the DRC. The argument is also not that Esselenpark is the one and only moment that the DRC and URCSA did receive and accept one another. The article merely tries to make sense of how sense itself might allow the DRC, of which I am part, to really receive and accept Belhar.
To Build a New Church together? Exploring Interdisciplinary Dialogue with a Christian Women’s Ministry: Addressing Patriarchy in URCSA
Authors: Nel Benita P
Published: June 2021

There are many routes to address patriarchy in faith communities. This article asks the question whether one particular Christian Women’s Ministry, that of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA), can empower black women to address gender justice. It utilises a historical-narrative approach to interpret the goals, functioning and impact of this ministry in terms of its own primary documents. The findings point to the potential of such a dialogue, yet also highlight the complexities with regard to impact analysis within a denominational context. Some strides have been made, but this article shows there is still a need to work together to build a church where—besides putting policies and programmes in place—the church should prophetically address injustice and seek witness to the partnership between women and men.
Integrated Pentecostal Ministry of Richard Ngidi in the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, 1921–1985
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon
Published: June 2021

Previous studies on the life and ministry of Richard Ngidi only present historical data on his achievements and to some extent his failures. This paper is a socio-historical analysis that not only reveals historical data but also aims to problematise the data in relation to social problems like racial segregation. A socio-historical analysis is a method that finds synergy between historical and social factors. The socio-historical analysis in this paper juxtaposes the history of Ngidi with racial segregation. The analysis of the ministry of Ngidi in the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) of South Africa demonstrates that his ministry was an integrated one amid a segregated society. Integrated ministry refers to a ministry that is able to bring unity in the midst of various divisions in society. The AFM of South Africa, like many other denominations, was a segregated society because of the influence of South African politics on ecclesiastical politics during apartheid. Similarly, many pastors adhered to the racial policies of that time or broke away to start their own ministries. Ngidi was an exception because his ministry was multi-racial, non-political, gender-inclusive, interdenominational and international. Therefore, this paper contends that Ngidi serves as a model for social cohesion and unity in diversity.
Belhar, Liturgy and Life
Authors: Laubscher Martin
Published: June 2021

Celebrating 25 years of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) inevitably calls for further exploration of how to live and love the Belhar Confession. I shall argue that, within the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), we have discussed the acceptance of the Belhar Confession at great lengths, with hardly any suggestions of prayer and worship within the Confession itself. Much has been written in academic literature on the relationship between the Belhar Confession, the rule of faith (doctrine), and the rule of life (ethics). Yet, it is surprising that there is hardly any literature on its relation to the rule of prayer (worship). Writing from a very specific social location, I argue and suggest that our deepest challenge and opportunity, at present, is to explore how to receive, embody and celebrate the Belhar Confession by exploring its rich and varied liturgical potential and use for Christian worship throughout the entire liturgical ordo. Bathing the liturgy in the joyous words of the Belhar Confession might help us find new impetus in discovering and receiving each other anew.
Van 1619 na 1857 en 1986: 'n Lyn van Dordt na Belhar?
Authors: Van der Watt Gideon
Published: June 2021

The fourth centenary celebration of the Synod of Dordrecht 1618/19, as well as the twenty fifth commemoration of the birth of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa—both having been celebrated in 2019—naturally leads to the question of the relation between the two historical events. In the historical development leading to the formation of separate churches in the “Dutch Reformed Family of Churches,” a distinct interpretation of election based on grace alone, as decided upon by the Synod of Dordrecht, played a major role. In this historical process of the formation of separate churches the 1857 synod decision by the Dutch Reformed Church has been a watershed moment; it not only brought a separation between people around the Lord’s table, but also a division between confession on the one hand and the practical ministry embodying the confession on the other hand. The 1857 decision eventually led to the necessity of the Belhar Confession in 1986. The Belhar Confession deliberately seeks a linkage to the central Reformed doctrine of “election by grace alone.” The Dutch Reformed Church’s inability and unwillingness to accept the Belhar Confession remain a tragic reality.
Religious Artefacts, Practices and Symbols in the Johane Masowe Chishanu yeNyenyedzi Church in Zimbabwe: Interpreting the Visual Narratives
Authors: Musoni Phillip , Machingura Francis , Mamvuto Attwell
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out at a time when most African Indigenous Churches (AICs) in southern Africa were busy rebranding their spirituality and theology. This rebranding was as a result of serious competition in an environment where a new church was emerging every day. Thus, we argue that, due to this religious contestation, the Johane Masowe Chishanu yeNyenyedzi (JMCN) Church has inculcated/borrowed certain religious artefacts, symbols and practices which had never been part of African Christianity in Africa. As a result, this religious movement has inculcated certain African/Islamic religious objects of faith in a bid to demonstrate inclusivism and religious tolerance. In this paper, we discuss the JMCN Church’s religious artefacts, symbols and practices such as clay pots (mbiya), big clay pots (makate), the wooden staff, decorated religious flags, congregating on Fridays and the use of crescent and star as its religious symbols. Artefacts, symbols and practices are borrowed from both African Traditional Religions (ATRs) and Islam. However, what remains critical in this study, is whether the JMCN Church, after its inculcation of such African traditional religious and Islamic religious elements of faith retains the tag, “a Christian church,” in the rightful sense of the traditional taxonomy of the term, “Christian church,” even though the movement itself claims to be a Christian church in Zimbabwe.
A Woman’s Journey with the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa: 25 Years
Authors: Landman Christina
Published: June 2021

The methodological insights of autoethnography allow the author to write her story in critical-emphatical engagement with the structures and cultures within which her story unfolds. Her story as the only white woman minister of the Word in the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) is told as one in which organisational, political and ethnic cultures were in constant creative conflict. An unexpected continuity of intercultural co-operation is established throughout the story of her journey with URCSA over the past 25 years of its existence. Six decisive turning points in her life are described. The first is when she was called to the ministry at the age of 15, several years before women were ordained in the local family of Reformed churches. The second was when she started studying with the liberation theologians of the 1980s. The third was being appointed as a theological professor amidst exclusively male colleagues. The fourth was working with the ill and desolate at a state hospital in preparation for a second doctorate. The fifth happened when she was ordained in a Zulu-speaking congregation in Mpumalanga. The sixth covers her experiences in the leadership of the church the past decade. Throughout, the emphasis is on the outsider-insider experience of both critically and sympathetically engaging with the Afrikaans culture in which she was born, and the black and brown cultures into which she was co-opted.
Erasmus as Reformer: Humanism and Piety—Scholarship and Tolerance
Authors: Decock Paul Bernard
Published: June 2021

Erasmus was an older contemporary of Luther, who agreed with Luther that reform was most necessary for the church, but he did not take the side of Luther because his approach to reform was very different from the one of Luther. This paper will consider some important aspects of Erasmus’s approach in comparison with Luther’s positions. Central in Erasmus’s view of reform was a return to the Scriptures: a return to the original texts (not the Vulgate), a return to the philosophy of Christ (not the scholastic speculations of his time), and a return to the Fathers as models of Bible readers (particularly the Greek Fathers, Origen). Erasmus did not see the core of the Gospel so much in particular doctrines (orthodoxy) but rather in the practice of Christian life (orthopraxis). In this perspective, Erasmus could tolerate theological errors in Origen as well as in Luther, as long as the basic commitment to the Gospel and the church was assured. Therefore, Erasmus blamed those Catholic theologians who were keen and quick to condemn Luther rather than to enter into serious theological dialogue with him. Erasmus’s De Libero Arbitrio was an attempt to model such a dialogue, but the times were not favourable for it.
Plantatio Ecclesiae in Africa: From Tutelage to Maturity
Authors: Iheanacho Valentine Ugochukwu
Published: June 2021

Wladimir d’Ormesson, a French diplomat at the Vatican, in praise of François Méjan’s 1957 book, Le Vatican contre la France d’Outre-Mer, expressed with bitterness and regret that the “civilisation” which French missionaries had helped to spread in mission lands had sadly turned against French interests. “[W]e are showered with ingratitude on all sides. We have spread civilization far and wide,” he wrote. “[A]nd now this civilisation pushes us away in the very name of the doctrine that gave rise to it … it is a bitter cycle.” The bitterness and regret of d’Ormesson were directed against the Vatican’s new missionary policy on Africa. That policy, understood as Plantatio Ecclesiae, was predicated upon indigenisation in terms of allowing African priests to assume positions of authority and leadership in their emerging local churches. It became the bone of contention between the Vatican and some missionary congregations. On the flip side, the desire among some African native clergy, to see the evolution of an African church in an independent Africa, in many instances brought about misunderstanding and tension. This essay intends to highlight the bumpy roads that popped up in attempts to root the local church in the post-missionary era in Africa.
A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada, by MA Noll
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: June 2021

Book Review
Disciplines and Identities, Divine and Spiritual in Late Antiquity, by N Kamimura
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: June 2021

Book Review
Liberationist Icon or Conservative Leader? Ismael Mwai Mabiu’s Afro-Pentecostalism and Ecclesiastical Leadership in Kenya
Authors: Njogu Geoffrey Karimi
Published: June 2021

This article sets out to retrieve the oral histories of a pioneer African Christian at Kagumo Full Gospel Churches of Kenya (FGCK), namely Rev. Ismael Mwai-Mabiu. Mwai-Mabiu offered exceptional leadership as he sought to revive the Mount Kenya region and the entire Kenyan nation, particularly in the mid-1940s–1980s and 2000–2012, through his oral “liberation theological discourses.” These efforts were well captured in his preaching as a roving pastor in mass seminars and in evangelism. His Afro-Pentecostal theology, which he propounded in the FGCK (a church he co-founded), provided the forum that he used as a platform to launch and advance his liberationist Afro-Pentecostal approach. Was Mwai-Mabiu a liberationist or a conservative ecclesiastical leader in his theo-social doctrinal matters; or was he seeking to indigenise theological discourses in his Afro-Pentecostal outfit? The concern of this article is to unearth the nature of leadership that Mwai-Mabiu employed and to describe the relevance of his Afro-Pentecostal oral and liberationist theologies. What were his fundamental concerns? Was his “ministry” evangelised in a cultural vacuum, rather than an inclusive environment that relied upon already existing networks of the host area of ecclesiastical operation? The methodology of this article comprises interviews conducted in four phases: 1) with Mwai-Mabiu himself; 2) with his wife; 3) with three focus discussion groups (FDGs) in interviews between 2016 and 2018; and 4) by the researcher with people closely related to him, namely Bishop Joshua Kiongo Kimani, assistant Bishop Rev. Joseph Muriithi Karugendo, elder Joseph Munene, elder Benson Ngiri, and the pioneers of the FGCK. Later, in May to October 2019, the researcher conducted further research to seek clarification on some areas that did not come out clearly during the first interviews. A review of the relevant literature was also conducted.
Light of Life Christian Group as a New Branch on Zimbabwe’s Ecumenical Tree
Authors: Mudyiwa Misheck
Published: June 2021

This article examines the impact and implications of the Light of Life Christian Group’s new theology of the Inner Church (Inner Circle) in southern Africa. The new religious movement’s theology of the Inner Church shall be examined particularly in the light of Zimbabwe’s heavily polarised Christian landscape. The Light of Life Christian Group (LLCG) is a new religious movement in Zimbabwe that is composed largely of members from mainline churches such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Salvation Army, Methodist, Baptist and Lutheran, among others. Fundamentally, the movement clings resolutely to the belief that the Inner Church or Inner Circle is the only true church and there is no other. For them, being a member of the Inner Church/Inner Circle implies Christ consciousness. It implies being perfect, as the heavenly Father is perfect. Thus, the movement roundly downplays and rejects the outward forums of religion and underlines that members of the Inner Church are the true disciples and representatives of Christ on earth, regardless of their ethnic or denominational backgrounds. The main argument developed in this article is that, even though the LLCG as a new branch on Zimbabwe’s ecumenical tree is currently under constant scrutiny and perpetual stigmatisation, particularly from the Catholic and Anglican Churches (among others), the ecumenically composed movement suggests and advances a theology that is tailor made to minimise denominational parochialism and prevents churches from monopolising God, whose intricate and multifaceted nature is present in all religions, cultures and denominations ad infinitum.
Addicts of Gender-Based Violence: Patriarchy as the Seed-bed of Gendered Witchcraft Accusations
Authors: Kgatla Thias
Published: June 2021

The concept of patriarchy has occupied the minds of humanity from time immemorial. Over the past centuries, the construct has suppressed the lives of women, while according unlimited power and privileges to men in ruling communities. In this paper, the researcher presents an analysis of how patriarchy and its surrogates (sexism, misogyny, machismo, marianismo, masculinity, and male menopause) are used in witchcraft discourse within communities to perpetuate exclusive male power and dominance of women.
Salvation in Matthew 5:17–20 and its Implications in the Church in Antioch and St James Kajire Anglican Parish, Kenya
Authors: M'bwangi Fednand Manjewa
Published: June 2021

This article was prompted by my fervour to find out how modern and ancient cultures influence Christian conception and the practice of salvation. To address this issue, I decided to do a comparative study of salvation in modern time, with first century practice of the same. On the one hand, I focused on exploring salvation as reflected in the Gospel of Matthew 5.17–20, because most scholars believe that this Gospel addresses a multi-cultural community composed of Gentiles and Judeans. On the other hand, to observe modern practices of salvation, I interviewed a focus group through a questionnaire and telephone calls in 2011 and 2019, respectively, to briefly explore the case of St James Anglican Parish at Kajire Village in Taita-Taveta County, Kenya. The overall goal of the article is to explore how, in pursuit of practising their salvation, the community of Matthew in Antioch had to contest the Roman Empire, accommodate Diaspora Judaism, and identify with the emerging Jesus Movement. Consequently, employing literary analysis and what I call “social identity political theory” (SIPT), I have argued that a culturally conditioned practice of salvation is prone to the promotion of group dominance. To address this problem, Matthew advances an inclusive view of salvation that entails the construction of a superordinate Christian identity, which has the potential to support a Christocentric perspective of salvation.
A Reconstruction of Matthew Jacha Rusike’s Contribution to the Re-humanisation of Dehumanised Children in Zimbabwe 1950–1978
Authors: Mujinga Martin
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Mathew Rusike Children’s Home (MRCH) in Zimbabwe is known for its philanthropic work of caring for orphans and vulnerable children. It is an institution viewed as a Christ-woven nest that re-humanises dehumanised children. This paper was motivated by the fact that, over the years, the MRCH has attracted partners and supporters locally and globally, thereby giving it international status. However, there is a gap in research that connects the founder, Rev. Matthew Jacha Rusike, and the institution. The gap is worrisome, because Rusike has been a pioneer in the history of Methodism in a number of ways. To start with, he was the first African Wesleyan Methodist minister to be appointed as circuit superintendent in a missionary-dominated church. Second, he was awarded the “Member of the Order of the British Empire” for his contribution to the formation of the first African children’s home in a country whose cultural values denied the existence of orphanages. Third, he also supervised many schools; and yet there is little research about him. The other motivation for this study was to reconcile the historical Rusike and the institution. The paper concluded that Rusike had challenged the African epistemology that orphans and vulnerable children are the responsibility of relatives—even if those homes are not safe for children. The paper starts by discussing the personal life of Rusike, followed by a description of his ministerial journey; how he founded the children’s home, and how the home developed from a family vision to be the church’s Christian social responsibility.
Fledgling South African Anglicanism and the Roots of Ritualism
Authors: Bethke Andrew-John
Published: June 2021

The early years of Anglican ministry in South Africa were primarily among English settlers. Their worship patterns, for the most part, reflected the general trends of English Anglicanism at the time, which itself was influenced theologically and materially by a moderate form of Calvinism. This article examines the ethos of the early generation of Anglicans, and highlights some of the possible reasons why a moderate Calvinistic stance seemed to suit the ordinary settler classes. However, the status quo was challenged by the arrival of Bishop Robert Gray in 1848. Thus, the article continues by exploring some of the reasons why Gray aroused such strong feelings in certain congregations. Among the most important reasons for the opposition against Gray were his Tractarian sympathies. While many historians have agreed that Gray was a high church cleric, most stop short of labelling him a Tractarian. This article critically examines Gray’s sympathies and posits that while he started out firmly within the high church party of Anglicanism, he slowly moved closer and closer to Tractarianism. Finally, the article considers aspects of Gray’s leadership which encouraged a gradual move from moderate Calvinism towards a more definite Tractarian and ritualist stance as the nineteenth century drew to a close.
The Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Zambian Church History
Authors: Mwale Nelly
Published: June 2021

Using the representations of the Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross in the media, this article retrieves the Cathedral’s role in public life in Zambian church history in order to tease out its significance in post-independence Zambia. In drawing on a case study and social capital theory, the article shows that the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, as a pre-independence religious building, was represented as a national house of worship, a heritage site and a political shrine. By this, it was a national worship space that played a role in hosting functions of varied nature, and a symbol of religious heritage. As a political shrine, the Cathedral was a space for guiding the nation and fostering reconciliation in the critical political moments of the country. These representations not only revealed the dynamics of the church’s role, but also closely aligned to the Cathedral’s social capital in public life through the intersection of the church and state relations in post-independence Zambia. The article argues that the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, although not a popular aspect of Zambian contemporary church history, was a religious, material cultural site and a space that allowed the church to contribute to post-independence church history in the country.
The Apolitical Politics of Classical Music: The Mozarteum Argentino under the Dictatorship of 1976–1983
Authors: Buch Esteban
Published: June 2021

During the almost constant political turmoil of the 1970s up to Raúl Alfonsín’s election in 1983, classical music in Buenos Aires was arguably one of the most stable domains of cultural life in Argentina. If this applies to public institutions such as the Teatro Colón, it is even truer of private concert associations like the Mozarteum Argentino, whose president Jeannette Arata de Erize remained in charge from 1955 until her death in 2013. Under the dictatorship of 1976–1983, the Mozarteum concerts were supported by leading economic groups like Techint, whose CEO, Roberto Rocca, was a member of the board of directors, as was the minister of Economy, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz. Politics, though, were totally absent from the association’s life. This apoliticism, derived from the Romantic era, strengthened the cohesion of the upper classes while converging with the alleged apolitical nature of the military regime itself.
Fatores de risco para a síndrome de burnout em profissionais da saúde
Authors: Dantas Yasmin Lucena , Azevedo Nathália de Oliveira , Formiga Mayrlla Myrelly Vieira , Albuquerque Daniel Gustavo Guedes Pereira de , Noronha Ana Clara Amorim , Mestre Lívia de Castro , Araruna João Assis Herculano , Brito Fabiana Medeiros de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para a síndrome de burnout em profissionais da saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em um hospital público. A população foi composta por uma equipe multiprofissional da Unidade de Terapia intensiva (UTI) do referido serviço, com uma amostra composta por 73 profissionais. Resultados: A pesquisa obteve maior prevalência de técnicos de enfermagem (43,8%), seguidos por fisioterapeutas (20,5%), enfermeiros (19,2%) e médicos (15,1%), com associação estatisticamente significativa para risco de burnout. A maioria dos profissionais são do sexo feminino (65,8%), possuem entre 30 e 39 anos (37,0%), têm filhos (56,2%), são casados (46,6%), atuam na área há mais de 10 anos (45,2%), recebem até 5 salários mínimos (79,4%), com jornada de trabalho semanal (68,5%) de 30 horas, trabalhando em mais de um hospital (78,1%), de maneira integral (76,7%). Conclusão: A identificação de tais fatores de risco é de extrema importância para a saúde dos trabalhadores da saúde, oferecendo subsídios a adoção de medidas preventivas e enfrentamento do referido problema.
Vivência acadêmica: expectativas e desafios dos ingressantes e concluintes da graduação em enfermagem
Authors: Viana Tainara Lima , Souza Adielly de Lima , Fonseca Ivana Annely Cortez da
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos vivenciados pelos acadêmicos mediante as expectativas e desafios dos estudantes da graduação de enfermagem (ingressantes e concluintes) em uma instituição privada em município do estado de Rondônia. Métodos: Tratou-se de um de campo, com caráter exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. A amostragem foi composta por 20 acadêmicos, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 10 acadêmicos ingressantes e 10 concluintes. Resultados: A partir da observação empírica dos relatos, por meio dos dados convergentes comparamos as expectativas e desafios dos ingressantes aos concluintes e após exaustiva análise das falas dos participantes da pesquisa, emergiram três grupos temáticos, a saber: Motivações à Escolha da Graduação, Percepção Sobre o Papel do Enfermeiro e Expectativas e Desafios na Graduação. Conclusão: Pode-se notar a modificação dos discentes, nos seus pensamentos, forma de encarar desafios, trazendo novas expectativas mediante o futuro, servindo como um trampolim social, profissional e pessoal. Tal pesquisa poderá servir como demonstrativo dessa transformação, como a graduação modifica o discente e a maneira em que as expectativas são remodeladas e os desafios vencidos.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE FUTURE GENERATIONS
Authors: Emina Kemi Anthony
Published: June 2021

Due to the increasing rate of human’s economic activity and rapid population growth, twenty first century has seen an unprecedented environmental change. These changes have an unprecedented impact on climate, life-sustaining systems on the earth. Future generations are exposed to great harm by the way in which humans exploit environmental resources of the earth. There is a call among environmental ethicists to review human ethical relationship with the environment as to attain sustainable development for the now and the future generations. Hence, the essence of this paper is to discuss the anthropoholistic environmental ethics, sustainable development and the future Generations. This paper argues that humans need to strive for a new and more respectful relationship with the natural environment in other to attain sustainable development. Also, human obligations towards sustainable development for the future must find a firm basis in social ethics: those obligations have to do with our conception of a just society.
REKONSTRUKSI DAMPAK EKONOMI UMKM KABUPATEN BLITAR DI TENGAH COVID-19
Authors: Suprayitno Hery , Lukito Ratnawan , Farida Nurul
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan pemerintah dalam merekontruksi UMKM dari dampak pandemi COVID-19 utamanya di wilayah Blitar. Selain itu, penelitian dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai strategi apa yang dapat ditempuh sebagai pelengkap kebijakan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam (in dept interview). Metode ini digunakan untuk memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan data sekunder. Metode ini digunakan untuk mencari data-data yang dibutuhkan terutama yang berhubungan dengan data primer yang dianalisa guna untuk Mengkontrusksi realitas. Wawancara tersebut dilakukan dengan berpedoman pada daftar pertanyaan terbuka. Hasil dari peneitian ini adalah upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar untuk merekonstruksi dampak ekonomi UMKM di Kabupaten Blitar di tengah pandemic Covid-19 adalah dengan membuka layanan hotline 1500 587, mengajukan stimulus daya beli UMKM dan koperasi, program belanja di warung tetangga untuk menggerakkan ekonomi sekitar, restrukturisasi kredit bunga, memasukkan sektor mikro dalam program kartu prakerja, bantuan langsung tunai, hingga relaksasi pajak untuk UMKM. Selain itu Pemerintah Pusat juga memberikan bantuan berupa dana hibah kepada UMKM terdampak Covid-19 sebesar Rp. 2,4 Juta.
Viewpoint: Reply to Comment on 'Using NMR to Test Molecular Mobility During a Chemical Reaction'
Authors: Huang Tian , Wang Huan , Granick Steve
Published: June 2021

Reports of boosted diffusion during chemical and enzymatic reactions have inspired a loyal community of scientists who find them so counter-intuitive that they must be artifact. This second Comment on the subject by these authors is about technicalities of how to analyze data we deposited online regarding J. Phys. Chem. Lett. (2021) 12, 2370 and Science (2020) 369, 537. Now that their own data is also online, one apparent discrepancy can be resolved: we demonstrate that the authors’ data agrees with ours because their first Comment on this subject reported only truncated short-time excerpts of the longer time series they deposited online (zenodo.org/record/4628353). This second Comment adds 5 additional objections, 4 of which are too technical to change the qualitative conclusion. The 5th objection errs because it omits to recognize intermediate states of the click reaction during which one reactant complexes with the catalyst to form an object of larger size. Elsewhere we analyzed in great detail the respective influences of boosted diffusion and this hydrodynamic effect (doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.14740563.v1). The factual evidence and reasoning in this Reply strongly support this laboratory’s earlier conclusions regarding boosted diffusion during common chemical reactions.
Selective Catalysis for the Reductive Amination of Furfural Towards Furfurylamine by the Graphene-Co-Shelled Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhuang Xiuzheng , Liu Jianguo , Zhong Shurong , Ma Longlong , 庄 修政
Published: June 2021

Amines with functional groups are widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, polymers, and surfactants; so far, amines are mostly produced via petrochemical routes, which motivates the sustainable production of amines from renewable resources, such as biomass. Unfortunately, the reductive amination of biomass-derived platforms is now suffering from challenges, e.g. poor selectivity and carbon balances, because of the restriction of homogenous catalyst. For this reason, we developed an eco-friendly, simplified, and highly effective procedure for the preparation of non-toxic heterogeneous catalyst based on the earth-abundant metals (i.e., cobalt), whose catalytic activity on furfural or other biomass-derived platforms were proved to be broadly available. The corresponding conversion rate and few of side products were also determined so as to optimized the reaction conditions, suggesting that the prepared cobalt-supported catalyst enables easy substitution of –NH2 moiety towards functionalized and structurally diverse molecules, even under very mild industrially viable and scalable conditions. More surprisingly, the cobalt-supported catalyst could also be expediently recycled by magnetic bar and still remained the excellent catalytic activity after reusing up to eight times; on another hands, the gram-scale reductive amination catalyzed by the same catalyst exhibited the similar yield of target products in comparison to its smaller scale, which was comparable to the reported heterogeneous noble-based catalysts. And also, results from a series of analytic technologies involving XRD, XPS, TEM/Mapping and in-suit FTIR revealed that the structural features of catalyst are closely in relation to its catalytic mechanisms; in simple terms, the outer graphitic shell is activated by the electronic interaction between the inner metallic nanoparticles and the carbon layer as well as the induced charge redistribution. In conclusion, this newly developed catalysts enable the synthesis of amines from biomass-derived platforms with satisfied selectivity and carbon balance, providing a cost-effective and sustainable access to the widely application of reductive amination.
A New Perspective for Nonphotochemical Quenching in Plant Antenna Complexes
Authors: Cignoni Edoardo , Lapillo Margherita , Cupellini Lorenzo , Acosta Gutierrez Silvia , Gervasio Francesco Luigi , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: June 2021

Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of plants exert a dual function of light-harvesting and photoprotection. While LH processes are relatively well characterized, those involved in photoprotection are less understood. The main mechanism involved in photoprotection is to dissipate the energy absorbed by chlorophylls into harmless heat through processes collectively called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Here, we characterize the quenching mechanisms of CP29, a minor LHC of plants with an important role in photoprotection, through two complementary enhanced-sampling techniques, dimensionality reduction schemes, electronic calculations and the analysis of cryo-EM data in the light of the predicted conformational ensemble. Our analysis reveals that the mechanism is more complex than previously thought. Several conformations of the lumenal side of the protein occur and differently affect the pigments relative geometries and interactions. Moreover, we show that a quenching mechanism localized on a single pair of pigments is not sufficient but many pigments are simultaneously involved. In such a diffuse mechanism, short-range interactions between each carotenoid and different chlorophylls combined with a protein-mediated tuning of the carotenoid excitation energies, have to be considered in addition to the commonly suggested coulomb interactions.
“Exhaustive” Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Poly(Methyl Vinyl Ketone) and Its Copolymers
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Plummer Christopher M. , Wenjun Luo , Pang Jiyan , Chen Yongming , Li Le
Published: June 2021

Poly(vinyl acetate) and its copolymers represent an important class of commodity polymers. However, the preparation of copolymers of vinyl acetate (VAc) and more activated monomers (MAMs) via copolymerization is greatly restricted due to their disparate reactivities. Issues relating to reactivity ratios remain a fundamental challenge in copolymerization. Herein, we describe a post-polymerization modification approach using poly(methyl vinyl ketone-co-MAM)s as substrates to access synthetically challenging poly(VAc-co-MAM)s. Although the direct translations of existing small-molecule Baeyer-Villiger (BV) protocols into a post-polymerization modification method failed, a mechanism-guided multi-parameter optimization on polymer substrates disclosed a set of unique “exhaustive” BV protocols which enabled a nearly quantitative functionalization without obvious chain scission or cross-linking. Furthermore, a one-pot copolymerization/“exhaustive” BV post-modification procedure was developed to produce such copolymers in a convenient and scalable manner. This user-friendly methodology is able to access diverse poly(VAc-co-MAM)s including both statistical and narrow-dispersed block copolymers and could greatly facilitate the exploration of applications with such materials.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Oxidovanadium(IV) Hydroxamate Complexes Supported by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Sharma Sonika , Das Debasish , Sadhu Biswajit , Sharma Neeraj
Published: June 2021

The oxidovanadium(IV) complex [VO(HL)2] (1) (where, HL = 4-nitrocinnamohydroxamate; 4-NO2C6H4CH=CHCONHOH) has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of VOSO4∙5H2O and potassium 4-nitrocinnamohydroxamate in methanol-water medium. The complex is characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurement, FTIR, UV-Vis, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectral techniques and mass spectrometry. The bidentate linkage of hydroxamate ligand involving O,O-coordination through hydroxamic and carbonyl oxygen atoms has been deduced. The magnetic susceptibility, EPR and mass spectra (ESI-MS) indicate that the complex exists as monomer and a distorted square pyramidal geometry around vanadium is proposed. The electrochemical study of 1 has shown it is to be electrochemically active exhibiting VOV/VOIV quasi-reversible redox couple. The thermal study of the complex yielded VO2 as sole decomposition product. The coordination compounds 2 and 3 have been isolated from the reaction of complex 1 with 2-cyanopyridine (2-CNPy) and 4-aminobenzonitrile (4-CNAn) respectively and characterized by physicochemical and IR spectral study. The biological activity of 1-3 has been studied against various pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, S. epidermidis, K. pneumonia and fungi C. albicans, B. fulva, and F. oxysporum by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The complexes exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity relative to both the free ligand and vanadyl sulphate. The cytotoxicity of 1-3 has been studied on mammalian transformed cell line Hep2c, a derivative of human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells by MTT assay. 2 and 3 exhibit higher cytotoxic activity than 1 and reveal a marked effect of the coordination of nitrogen bases. Density functional theory studies have been carried out to determine the relative free energy of formation and stable molecular structures of 1-3. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) based calculation have been performed to find out the frontier molecular orbitals and to corroborate with the experimentally observed UV-Vis spectrum of 1. Other parameters like HOMO, and LUMO energies, density of state (DOS), and global reactivity descriptors clearly support higher biological activity of 2 and 3 than 1.
7th Annual Student Neurology Symposium
Authors:   Student Neurology Symposium
Published: June 2021

Abstracts from the 7th Annual Student Neurology Symposium.
17th Annual EBOSS Research Day on March 12th, 2021
Authors:   Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health Student Society (EBOSS)
Published: June 2021

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2021 MASH/MJM Interprofessional Health Research Symposium
Authors:   McGill Association of Students in Healthcare
Published: June 2021

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Los trotskistas bajo el terror nazi. Una historia de la IV Internacional durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Luparello Velia
Published: June 2021

El estudio de los orígenes y primeros años de la IV Internacional adquiere una especial relevancia al considerarlos como parte del proceso de construcción y de crítica de las herramientas organizativas y políticas de la clase trabajadora que continúa hasta la actualidad. Desde sus orígenes, la IV Internacional estuvo marcada por las disputas políticas en el seno de la Internacional Comunista, por los primeros posicionamientos como Oposición de Izquierda, por la persecución de los simpatizantes trotskistas y por el asesinato de León Trotsky. Así, este libro se apoya en la necesidad y en la importancia de investigar la historia de las Internacionales Socialistas en clave de una historia internacional del socialismo, en la medida en que las expresiones locales y regionales de dicha corriente pueden comprenderse de manera integral a través de análisis comparativos y transnacionales. Los trotskistas bajo el terror nazi. Una historia de la IV Internacional durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, desarrolla un análisis histórico de la perspectiva política llevada a cabo por la IV Internacional en Europa durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial mediante el estudio comparativo de las secciones francesa, norteamericana, belga y británica. Tomando como uno de los ejes centrales el resurgimiento de la discusión sobre la cuestión nacional en Europa, se observa cómo la crisis de la IV Internacional no comenzó con el debate sobre el entrismo en 1953 sino diez años antes, debido a las dificultades de la organización para adaptarse al nuevo escenario europeo inaugurado a mediados de 1943 con la deposición de Benito Mussolini y el comienzo de la “contrarrevolución democrático-burguesa” a partir de la intervención de Estados Unidos durante los últimos años del conflicto bélico.
Un protagonismo recobrado: la Democracia Cristiana chilena y sus vínculos internacionales (1973-1990)
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ulianova Olga , Santoni Alessandro , Nocera Raffaele
Published: June 2021

El Partido Demócrata Cristiano ha sido una pieza clave en la más general inserción de la política chilena en las grandes tendencias político-ideológicas que dominaron la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Durante el siglo pasado las relaciones entre actores políticos externos y chilenos se enmarcaron en el contexto de grandes procesos y disyuntivas de relevancia mundial: la Guerra Fría y la más general competencia entre proyectos sociales holísticos, la emergente preocupación por los derechos humanos, la experiencia de las transiciones post dictatoriales en Europa Meridional, entre otros. Estos actores externos jugaron un papel muy relevante en impulsar la estrategia política de salida de la dictadura chilena que, al converger con factores internos, tuvieron un impacto importante en determinar los lineamientos de la transición. Los actores políticos locales, como el PDC, lejos de ser piezas en manos de referentes externos, tuvieron un papel protagónico, usando sus redes internacionales para afianzar y consolidar su proyecto político. A diferencia de otros trabajos que han abordado la dimensión internacional de la transición, el foco de este libro no son los aspectos económicos, ni los ideológicos, sino más bien la centralidad política de un actor, el Partido Demócrata Cristiano, y la capacidad que éste tuvo de consolidar a nivel internacional su posición de referente para el retorno a la democracia en Chile.
Early Warning System Technology Innovation Study in Flood Disaster Mitigation in Aren Village Area Bontang Disability
Authors: Adriyani Nikita , Jumardi Rio , Satrya Al Rosyid Anggi , Zaini Zaini
Published: June 2021

AWLR with the application of I Am Aren is been CSR program of PT Pupuk Kaltim that was developed as a flood disaster mitigation in order to be able to minimize the loss of society cause of flooding. Obtaining data used black-box testing techniques, surveys, and interviews which are then analyzed inductively. Respondents involved as many as 40 people for the survey and 20 people for the interview. The research approach used qualitative research. The results showed that the black-box testing for the recording feature was following the procedure and could provide accurate information. Respondents did not undergo problems in the using and the results of the implementation of the tool were able to reduce losses to 74.4% from the previous loss.
Description of Students Thinking on Warshall-Floyd Algorithm
Authors: Zaini Zaini
Published: June 2021

The shortest path continues to be a trend until now that is always discussed and developed. This study focuses on the construction process and description of the students' understanding in deciding the shortest route based on the matrix iteration according to the Floyd-Warshall algorithm. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative research and the data collection technique is a test technique. The research data included problem-solving by four students with different abilities and the result data were analyzed inductively. The results showed that the matrix iteration with the formula for determining the entry of the iteration matrix xn = minimum(dijk-1, dikk-1 + dkjk-1) was followed without any constraints by all students until the 7th iteration. It was found that the inaccuracy of taking entries in the 1st iteration by students with low ability caused calculation errors and failure in finding the shortest route.