bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career management in digital age: a study of leadership’s competencies and practices applied for IT professionals
Authors: Macedo Renato Reis de , Veloso Elza Fátima Rosa , Pinsky Vanessa , Trevisan Leonardo
Published: March 2023

Purpose: this research seeks to identify the main competencies and career management practices applied by leaders of large IT services organizations, highlighting them in degrees of relevance for career guidance for technical teams between Generations X and Y coexisting in the Digital Age. Additionally, the research factors a major transformation in the work relationships environment, turning to the full remote mode, besides the digital acceleration caused by the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil during 2020.
Design/Methodology/approach: the research was carried out with a qualitative methodology, with in-depth interviews with a semi-structured script, portraying the experiences of top leaders.
Findings: highlights as relevant competencies: the importance of the manager's role as to career guidance, management skills of generational expectations, leadership style oriented to the knowledge worker, besides the affiliative aspects in the relationship with the employees. As for management practices, highlights: training diagnostic, frequent communication, promotion of talents with high potential, adaptation of career plans, adoption of a differentiated coaching process for each generation and, above all, encouragement of the employee's protagonism throughout the career planning process.
Research limitations: the study has limitations regarding companies’ profiles with restricted instruments related to human resources’ methodologies, proper people’s development tools, or internal support developing talent and minimum maturity processes for managers leading career development counting with Information Technology business orientation in Brazil.
Originality/value: significant contribution regarding career management in a remote work environment with 2 generations co-existing in an accelerated digitalization season.
Aesthetic categories: construction and validation of the AESCATScale
Authors: Sobreira Michelle do Carmo , Silva Joelma Soares da , Lopes Luma Louise Sousa , Mota Márcio de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study focused on the elaboration and validation of an organizational aesthetic perception scale (AESCATScale) to be used in understanding individuals’ perceptions of organizational life.
Design/methodology/approach: We carried out a literature review, exploratory interviews, two separate surveys, and multivariate analyses. The scale was validated through an application with a large sample of college professors.
Findings: Our outcomes consisted of a multidimensional construct model for the perception of organizational aesthetics (AESCATScale), with seven dimensions and 20 items. According to our analysis, the organizational aesthetics construct is consistent and may be the basis for future studies on the subject.
Research limitations/implications: We highlight three peculiar limitations to the research: a) the subjective nature of the theme, b) the lack of comprehension of some categories by respondents and c) the sample used was chosen for its accessibility and to have been restricted to college professors of a single state in Brazil.
Practical implications: The AESCATScale may reveal the sensitive logic underlying several organizational practices in the workplace based on a sensitive point of view. Also, it can be a valuable tool to aid in a manager’s decision-making in situations of change.
Originality/value: This study introduces a differentiated approach to organizational management that can sometimes be missed due to its abstract nature. Therefore, it introduces a novelty research tool that can be used in corporate and academic environments.
Epidemiological and characteristic features of childhood fractures
Authors: Kaymaz Burak , Kaymaz Nazan
Published: March 2023

Childhood fractures are becoming an important public health problem around the world due to the increasing incidence. Fractures in children are more than twice as common as in adults. The incidence of pediatric fractures is affected by many factors such as the age and sex of the child and seasonal and sociocultural factors. One of the leading causes of childhood fractures is simple falls and approximately 50% of childhood fractures were reported to occur after a simple fall. On the other hand, childhood fractures are also very common at home or school and after traffic accidents. A child’s bone has a lower density and more porous structure than an adult’s bone. The periosteum of bone in children is thicker and stimulates new bone formation more strongly. As a result, new bone formation is completed in less time. The remodeling potential of a child’s bone is also an advantage that differentiates pediatric treatment from adult treatment. Complications like delayed union, nonunion, re-fracture, myositis ossificans, and joint stiffness are also very rare in children. But physeal damage may cause serious complications like growth arrest or angular deformities. Despite the advancement in technology and increasing options for minimally invasive surgeries, closed reduction and conservative treatment methods are still the mainstay of treatment in children.
Effect Of Financial Literacy On Financial Management Of Smes In Building An Ectourism-Based Coffee Village In Mekarbuana Village, Tegalwaru District, Karawang District
Authors: Rosmawati Ery , Pertiwi Wike , Yani Dini , Apriani Zenita
Published: March 2023

One of the villages in South Karawang, which is located at the foot of Mount Sanggabuana, has a very high natural tourism potential, with a distance between the village and the city center of around 45.30 km. The demographic location which is quite far from the City Center coupled with post-pandemic conditions means that people's income is still below average and has even decreased. Financial management is one of the main problems in MSMEs because many ignore the importance of financial literacy.This is in line with the results of the National Financial Literacy and Inclusion Survey (SNLIK) conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2019 which shows that both in terms of understanding and use of financial products/services, people in rural areas are still quite behind compared to the rest of the population. who live in the city area. This research was conducted to determine the effect of financial literacy on financial management. The method used in this research is quantitative research. Based on the results of research with the help of SPSS version 26, it is known that the R square is 0.373. Which means bthat the variable financial literacy affects financial management 37.3% and the remaining 62.7 is influenced by other factors. The results of the calculation of the t test show that t count is greater than t table (4.084 > 2.048) so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between financial literacy and financial management in MSMEs in Mekarbuana Village.
Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)-approved security functions :
Authors: Calis Alexander
Published: March 2023

The approved security functions listed in this publication replace the ones listed in International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 19790 Annex C and ISO/IEC 24759 6.15, within the context of the Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP). As a validation authority, the CMVP may supersede Annex C in its entirety.
Thermoelectric properties of monolayer Cu2X
Authors: Zheng Jian-Jun , Zhang Li-Ping ,   School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Published: March 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with lower lattice thermal conductivities and high figures of merit are useful for applications in thermoelectric (TE) devices. In this work, the thermoelectric properties of monolayer Cu2S and Cu2Se are systematically studied through first-principles and Boltzmann transport theory. The dynamic stability of monolayer Cu2S and Cu2Se through elastic constants and phonon dispersions are verified. The results show that monolayer Cu2S and Cu2Se have small lattice constants, resulting in lower phonon vibration modes. Phonon transport calculations confirm that monolayer Cu2Se has lower lattice thermal conductivity (1.93 W/(m·K)) than Cu2S (3.25 W/(m·K)) at room temperature, which is due to its small Debye temperature and stronger anharmonicity. Moreover, the heavier atomic mass of Se atom effectively reduces the phonon frequency, resulting in an ultra narrow phonon band gap (0.08 THz) and a lower lattice thermal conductivity for monolayer Cu2Se. The band degeneracy effect at the valence band maximum (VBM) of monolayer Cu2S and Cu2Se significantly increase their carrier effective mass, resulting in higher Seebeck coefficients and lower conductivities under p-type doping. The electric transport calculation at room temperature shows that the conductivity of monolayer Cu2S (Cu2Se) under n-type doping about 1011 cm–2 is 2.8×104 S/m (4.5×104 S/m), obviously superior to its conductivity about 2.6×102 S/m (1.6×103 S/m) under p-type doping. At the optimum doping concentration for monolayer Cu2S (Cu2Se), the n-type power factor is 16.5 mW/(m·K2) (25.9 mW/(m·K2)), which is far higher than p-type doping 1.1 mW/m·K2 (6.6 mW/(m·K2)). Through the above results, the excellent figure of merit of monolayer Cu2S (Cu2Se) under optimal n-type doping at 700 K can approach to 1.85 (2.82), which is higher than 0.38 (1.7) under optimal p-type doping. The excellent thermoelectric properties of monolayer Cu2S (Cu2Se) are comparable to those of many promising thermoelectric materials reported recently. Especially, the figure of merit of monolayer Cu2Se is larger than that of the well-known high-efficient thermoelectric monolayer SnSe (2.32). Therefore, monolayer Cu2S and Cu2Se are potential thermoelectric materials with excellent performances and good application prospects. These results provide the theoretical basis for the follow-up experiments to explore the practical applications of 2D thermoelectric semiconductor materials and provide an in-depth insight into the effect of phonon thermal transport on improvement of TE transport properties.
RNA Polymerase II transcription independent of TBP in murine embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kwan James ZJ , Nguyen Thomas F , Uzozie Anuli C , Budzynski Marek A , Cui Jieying , Lee Joseph MC , Van Petegem Filip , Lange Philipp F , Teves Sheila S
Published: March 2023

Transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is initiated by the hierarchical assembly of the pre-initiation complex onto promoter DNA. Decades of research have shown that the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) is essential for Pol II loading and initiation. Here, we report instead that acute depletion of TBP in mouse embryonic stem cells has no global effect on ongoing Pol II transcription. In contrast, acute TBP depletion severely impairs RNA Polymerase III initiation. Furthermore, Pol II transcriptional induction occurs normally upon TBP depletion. This TBP-independent transcription mechanism is not due to a functional redundancy with the TBP paralog TRF2, though TRF2 also binds to promoters of transcribed genes. Rather, we show that the TFIID complex can form and, despite having reduced TAF4 and TFIIA binding when TBP is depleted, the Pol II machinery is sufficiently robust in sustaining TBP-independent transcription.
Robust Portfolio Optimization Strategies in The Serbian Stock Market
Authors: Moćić Branimir
Published: March 2023

Research Question: This paper investigates the performances of six portfolios constructed using robust optimization methods in the Serbian stock market. Motivation: Motivated by the lack of research that analyses the allocation strategies based on robust optimization in the other non-US markets, this paper analyses the ability of these strategies to produce positive performance in the Serbian financial market. Idea: This paper aims to check whether robust strategies can provide positive risk-adjusted performance compared to simple strategies. Data: The analysis was performed on daily data from 2017 to 2020. Tools: We used monthly portfolio rebalancing with an estimation period of 24 months, applying budget and no-short selling constraints in portfolio construction. As a benchmark, we used two simple strategies, the strategy of market index replication and the equal weighting strategy (1/N). Consequently, the performance of the portfolios is evaluated once a month and calculated for the entire investment period. Findings: Empirical results suggest that robust optimization methods improve portfolio performance on a risk-adjusted basis. The increase in performance is affected by an increase in turnover, so the stability of weights in the portfolio depends on the compliance of the model characteristics with the conditions prevailing in the market. Contribution: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article that analyses the performance of robust optimization portfolios for the Serbian stock markets. Analysing the performance of robust optimization strategies and comparing them to two simple strategies, this paper contributes to the existing literature by checking their possibility of obtaining a positive performance in less developed markets. Additionally, all information presented in this paper could help investors optimize their risk allocation and profitability.
Book review of: Michel Baudin and Torbjørn Netland (2023) “Introduction to Manufacturing: An Industrial Engineering and Management Perspective”
Authors: Thürer Matthias
Published: March 2023

Book review: “Introduction to Manufacturing: An Industrial Engineering and Management Perspective”
 by Michel Baudin and Torbjorn Netland (2023) Routledge. ISBN 9780815363194
The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sholeh Mohammad , Khoshnood Saeed , Azimi Taher , Mohamadi Jasem , Kaviar Vahab Hassan , Hashemian Marzieh , Karamollahi Somayeh , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Heidarizadeh Hedayat , Heidary Mohsen , Saki Morteza
Published: March 2023

Background

Knowledge of global clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial for decision of the most appropriate eradication therapies with good clinical outcomes. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of the CLA resistance in H. pylori to provide some guidance for selecting the first-line antibiotics.

Method

A comprehensive search was performed for relevant literature until April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of resistance.

Results

The meta-analysis included 248 articles. The prevalence of CLA-resistant H. pylori was 27.53% (95% CI [25.41–29.69]). The heterogeneity between reports was significant (I2 = 97.80%, P < 0.01). The resistance rate increased from 24.28% in 2010–2017 to 32.14% in 2018–2021 (P < 0.01). Iran, with 38 articles, has the most report. Nevertheless, Switzerland, Portugal, and Israel had the highest resistance rates (67.16%, 48.11%, and 46.12%, respectively). The heterogeneity between the continents and the antimicrobial susceptibility methods also interpreted standard guidelines and breakpoints was insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Overall CLA resistance rate was 27.53%, worldwide. The difference in CLA resistance rate among the included studies can be due to several reasons such as differences in antibiotic prescription rates in various geographic areas, use of different breakpoints or inaccurate criteria in performed studies, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE INSTITUTION OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: MYKHAYLYCHENKO Natalya , ISAKOVA Yelizaveta
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the formulation and systematization of the principles of functioning of the institution of self-employment as a specific institutional socio-economic system. The improvement of the existing approach to the dichotomy of the institution of self-employment into formal and informal institutional components due to the identification of semi-formal institutional formations in the field of self-employment is substantiated. Semi-formal institutional formations mean informal institutions in the field of self--employment, which have certain features of formal ones, and are formed in response to the functional insufficiency of formal institutions of self-employment, in particular, web portals and online freelance exchanges. The principles of functioning of formal, informal and semi-formal components of the self-employment institution are formulated, common features and differences in forming systems of principles of different components of the self--employment institute are determined, which can become the basis for resolving contradictions that arise in the field of self-employment between informal and formal institutions in Ukraine.
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium solani KUSF0301
Authors: Islam Roushan , Datta Bejoysekhar
Published: March 2023

The current study reports the effect of various cultural parameters on the gibberellic acid (GA) by Fusarium sp. isolated from an agricultural field of Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. Gibberellin is one of the principal plant growth regulators that influence the overall developmental processes in angiosperms. The Fusarium sp. was isolated by soil dilution plate technique on selective pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) medium. The isolate was identified and subsequently characterized by the routine morphological studies and molecular analysis. Various physiological parameters viz., growth media, carbon and nitrogen sources, incubation temperature and pH of the culture medium were taken into consideration for determining their effect on the phytohormone production and subsequent optimization of the culture conditions. GA production was found to be highest in CD broth. Among the carbohydrate sources used, sucrose (7300 µg/ml), dextrose (7150 µg/ml) and maltose (6650 µg/ml) were found to be most conducive for GA production. Among the nitrogen sources, glycine (7360 µg/ml) and sodium nitrate (7250 µg/ml) were found to be most stimulatory in GA production. Interestingly, with the increase in pH, GA production was also found to be increased. Maximum GA production was recorded at pH 10 (7800 µg/ml). GA production was found equally well in temperature range 14-32°C (7000-7160 µg/ml).
The arterial anatomy of the posterior duodenum ‐ A computed tomography angiography analysis with implications for abdominal surgery
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Gliwa Jakub , Clarke Kelsey , Datta Tanisha , Iskra Tomasz , Pasternak Artur , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: March 2023

The main objective of the present study was to clarify the anatomical characteristics of the GDA. In order to fulfill this objective, novel classification systems of both the origin and branching pattern of the said vessel were created. Being aware of the variable anatomy of the GDA is of great importance when performing hepatopancreaticobilliary procedures. The results of 75 consecutive patients who underwent abdomen computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analyzed. A total of 74 GDA were analyzed. Of these, 42 were from women (56.8%) and 32 were from men (43.2%). The most common direction of origin of the GDA was inferior (n = 38; 51.4%). The origin variation of each GDA was deeply analyzed. Initially, eight types of origin variations were evaluated, of which types 1–3 constituted 83.8%. Furthermore, analogously, branching pattern types were also established. Initially, 11 branching variations were evaluated, of which types 1–3 constituted 87.8%. The GDA is subject to numerous variations, both in the origin and in the branching pattern of the vessel. In order to clarify the anatomical characteristics of this vessel, novel classifications of the origin and branching patterns were made, presenting the most frequent patterns. Our results may be of great use for surgeons performing hepatopancreaticobilliary surgeries, such as the Whipple procedure or vascular reconstructions after cholangiocarcinoma resections. Being aware of the anatomical variations of relevant structures associated with a surgical procedure may help reduce potential intraoperative and/or postoperative complications.
Locally Resolved Simulation of Gas Mixing and Combustion Inside Static and Moving Particle Assemblies
Authors: Illana Mahiques Enric , Brömmer Maximilian , Wirtz Siegmar , Scherer Viktor
Published: March 2023

Resolving the flow field within the voids between particles of reacting granular assemblies is essential to obtain correct conversion rates. Due to the associated computational cost, a high spatial resolution cannot be employed on the device‐scale. A combination of a locally resolving and an averaging method is suggested. Namely, the so‐called blocked‐off method is used to resolve the voids between particles within prescribed regions, while the volume‐averaged method is applied in the remaining domain. For a nitrogen jet injected into a regular simple cubic packing of spherical particles passed by a cross‐flow of air, the jet dispersion is too low when applying the volume‐averaged method for the whole computational domain. The same is also observed in a reacting methane jet flowing into a bed of arbitrarily packed particles with air cross‐flow, where the locally resolved approach predicts significantly larger local reaction rates.
Preventive interventions for children and adolescents of parents with mental illness: A systematic review
Authors: Puchol‐Martínez Itzal , Vallina Férnandez Óscar , Santed‐Germán Miguel A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Children of parents with mental disorders have a relatively high risk of developing a mental illness or behavioural disorder.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of preventive psychotherapeutic interventions in children of parents with mental illness. In particular, the development of mental illness and/or psychological symptomatology in this population was assessed.

Method

This qualitative systematic review looked at interventions targeting children aged 4–18 years without a diagnosed mental disorder, alone or with their families, with a parent with a diagnosed mental disorder. The protocol was pre‐registered in Open Science Framework. A total of 1255 references were retrieved from MEDLINE, PsychArticles, PsycINFO, Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus and WOS databases, and 12 references from grey literature. This search was replicated by an external reviewer.

Results

Fifteen studies involving 1941 children and 1328 parents were included. Interventions were based on cognitive‐behavioural and/or psychoeducational components, including six randomized controlled trials. Internalizing symptomatology was assessed in 80% of the studies, externalizing and prosocial behaviour in 47%, and coping style in 33%. Only two studies measured the future risk of developing a mental disorder (ORs of 2.37 and 6.6). There was variability in the format of the intervention (group; family) as well as in the type of intervention and its duration (from one session to 12 sessions).

Conclusions

Interventions for children of parents with mental disorder were clinically and statistically significant, especially in preventing internalizing symptomatology at one‐year follow‐up, with effect sizes ranging from d = −0.28 to 0.57 (95% CI).
Delamination of rotator cuff tears: Real‐time dynamic ultrasound findings
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Teng Qiang , Fang Guiting , Fang Haiyan , Zhao Luyv , Zheng Xiaofei , Zhong Xing
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of diagnosing delaminated tears and ultrasonic characteristics on real‐time dynamic ultrasound.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled 143 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between April 2020 and January 2021. All patients were examined using real‐time dynamic ultrasound of the shoulder within 2 weeks before arthroscopy. In our study, delaminated tears were defined as intratendinous horizontal splitting with or without the retraction of the articular or bursal layer of tendon. Delaminated tears were classified into three types on the basis of their shape: greater retraction of the articular layer (type I), greater retraction of the bursal layer (type II), and equal retraction of both layers (type III). The sensitivity and specificity of real‐time dynamic ultrasound for evaluation of delaminated tears were calculated using arthroscopy findings as the gold standard. Ultrasonic imaging appearances of delaminated rotator cuff tears were further described.

Results

Of the 143 patients, 47 (32.9%) had delaminated tears as confirmed by arthroscopy; 35 of these tears involved the supraspinatus tendon and 12 involved both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Real‐time dynamic ultrasound correctly diagnosed 36 of 47 delaminated tears with sensitivity 72.0% (57.2%–83.3%) and specificity 96.7% (90.2%–99.2%). Moreover, type I tear (n = 32) was more common than type II (n = 11) and type III tears (n = 4). Real‐time dynamic ultrasound evaluated shape of type I, type II, and type III with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 80%, 72% and 83%, and 100% and 98%, respectively. Anechoic horizontal linear splitting of tendon, unequal retraction of the bursal and articular layers, and thinning of the suffering tendon were the three signs observed during real‐time dynamic ultrasound examination. These three signs were indicative of a diagnosis of delaminated rotator cuff tears with high specificities (100.0%, 100.0%, and 97.9%, respectively) but relatively low sensitivities (25.5%, 25.5%, and 36.2%, respectively).

Conclusion

Real‐time dynamic ultrasound can be practically used for diagnosing delamination of rotator cuff tears with medium sensitivity and high specificity. Anechoic horizontal linear splitting of tendon, unequal retraction of the bursal and articular layers, and thinning of the involved tendon are the three important ultrasonic signs for diagnosis of delaminated rotator cuff tears.
Effects of semidry milling on the properties of highland barley flour and the quality of highland barley bread
Authors: He Yue , Wang Aixia , Qin Wanyu , Chen Zhiying , Xi Huihan , Nie Mengzi , Liu Liya , Wang Lili , Sun Jing , Bai Yajuan , Huang Yatao , Sun Peipei , Wang Fengzhong , Tong Li‐Tao
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effects of semidry milling on the quality attributes of highland barley flour and highland barley bread. Highland barley flours were prepared by dry (DBF), semidry (SBF), and wet (WBF) milling methods. The properties of different highland barley flours were analyzed, and highland barley breads made from different highland barley flours were evaluated.

RESULTS

The results showed that WBF had the lowest damaged starch content (15.2 g kg−1), and the contents of damaged starch in SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 (43.5 g kg−1 and 24.1 g kg−1 respectively) were lower than that of DBF (87.6 g kg−1). And SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 with large particles exhibited low hydration performance. In addition, SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 had higher pasting viscosity, pasting temperature, ΔH, and relative crystallinity, consequently resulting in better gel properties than other highland barley flours. These properties could help SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 develop high‐quality bread with large specific volume and superior crumb structure and texture that is similar to the bread with WBF.

CONCLUSION

Overall, semidry milling not only could improve the characteristics of HBF, but also avoid high starch damage by dry milling and water wasting by wet milling. What is more, highland barley breads with SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 had preferable appearance and crumb texture. Therefore, semidry milling could be regarded as a feasible way to produce highland barley flour. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combinatorial approach to fabricate silica doped polyvinyl alcohol/hydroxyapatite/carrageenan nanocomposite for bone regeneration applications
Authors: Fatima Tooba , Jolly Reshma , Mushahid Fariha , Khan Nazoora , Umar Mohd Saad , Owais Mohammad , Shakir Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Bone tissue engineering is a dominating approach for the fabrication of nanocomposite bone implants with superior biocompatibility and low toxicity to the surrounding tissues. Here, in this report ternary nanocomposites integrating nanohydroxyapatite/κ‐carrageenan/silica doped polyvinyl alcohol in three different ratios, that is, 60/30/10 (HCP1), 60/20/20 (HCP2), and 60/10/30 (HCP3) was constructed and a binary system comprised of nanohydroxyapatite and κ‐carrageenan was also prepared for analyzing and comparing their bone regeneration potential. The samples were characterized by various physico‐chemical techniques such as infra‐red spectroscopy, which furnished details about structural functionalities and complex formation. Rough surface morphology and dispersed particle size distribution of developed nanocomposites were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and electron transmission microscopy, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential temperature analysis revealed higher thermal stability of HCP3 nanocomposite with total weight loss of 10% and X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed average crystallite size of 15 nm for HCP3 nanocomposite. Bioactivity and biocompatibility of fabricated nanocomposites were deduced with the help of biological techniques. HCP3 manifested cell viability above 100% at 2 μg/mL concentration and exhibited hemolysis below 3% at all tested concentration favoring cell growth with minimum cytotoxicity. HCP3 also exhibited efficient apatite layer deposition, optimum swelling ability and improved biodegradability (~30%) and anti‐bacterial activity predicting it as a promising nanocomposite implant for future orthopedic applications.
Residential segregation by nationalities: A global and multilevel approach to Barcelona and Madrid (2008–2018)
Authors: Martori Joan Carles , Madariaga Rafa
Published: March 2023

This paper analyzes patterns of residential segregation for many nationalities in Barcelona and Madrid during the 2008–2018 period. In the first year, the financial bubble burst, halting the exponential growth of immigrants and in the second, after the great recession, the arrival of immigrant population resumes. The multilevel analysis for the dissimilarity index is applied for the first time to Spanish cities. Complementing the results of global indices with the multilevel framework provides a richer and more detailed profile of segregation patterns. Based on these results, a typology of segregation patterns by nationalities was carried out. Global indices show higher segregation in Madrid than in Barcelona, and multilevel results evidence increasing and extending areas of high concentration of immigrants and mixing neighbourhoods. The cluster analysis demonstrates that, in this case, segregation patterns are not the same for continents or income levels of countries of origin. The results provide nuanced empirical evidence of place stratification and ethnic enclave models.
Continuum limit of 2D fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Choi Brian , Aceves Alejandro
Published: March 2023

We prove that the solutions to the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-local algebraically decaying coupling converge strongly in$$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$L2(R2)to those of the continuum fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, as the discretization parameter tends to zero. The proof relies on sharp dispersive estimates that yield the Strichartz estimates that are uniform in the discretization parameter. An explicit computation of the leading term of the oscillatory integral asymptotics is used to show that the best constants of a family of dispersive estimates blow up as the non-locality parameter$$\alpha \in (1,2)$$α∈(1,2)approaches the boundaries.
Assessment of dentin mineral density of human teeth using micro-computed tomography in two kilovoltage levels
Authors: Al Hezaimi Khalid , Berdan Yaara , Rotstein Ilan
Published: March 2023

A significant advancement in micro-computed tomography (μCT) translational application in endodontics has occurred. The purpose of the study was to assess the applications of a new method to measure dentin mineral density (DMD) and to compare between 2 levels of energy sources. Two sets of standardized porous solid hydroxyapatite (HA) phantoms, with mineral densities of 0.25 g/cm3 and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively were embedded in aluminum foil. The μCT homogeneity and noise in the HA phantoms were analyzed using 50 kV and 100 kV energy sources. DMD of 66 extracted human teeth was measured at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and apical levels. Assessment included linearity between the energy source and the DMD measurement. The quality of the images obtained from the 2 energy sources was compared and analyzed statistically. HA phantom rods and validation methods showed that 100 kV provided a more accurate measurement of the DMD in all groups tested. The 100 kV 3D reconstructed µCT images displayed a more defined details of the dentin structure. A statistically significant difference was found between 100 and 50 kV (p < 0.05) in all measured areas except for the mid-root. Using micro-computed tomography is a practical and non-destructive method to measure dentin density. 100 kV energy source provides clearer and more consistent images.
The new seismic hazard model ESHM20 of Europe: Investigating the implications to the seismic design and risk assessment of major industrial facilities across Europe
Authors: Pitilakis Kyriazis , Butenweg Christoph , Riga Evi , Apostolaki Stefania , Renault Philippe
Published: March 2023

The seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities have a global interest for the whole of Europe and its citizens. However, the seismic design of these facilities is based on national, sometimes outdated seismic hazard analyses. The results of the commonly developed, fully harmonized newly released European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 provide a pertinent reference for seismic hazard at European scale and have been officially adopted as an “acceptable representation of the seismic hazard in Europe” in the ongoing revision of Eurocode 8. This study presents a large-scale investigation of the impact of the potential adoption of ESHM20 on the design of new industrial facilities as well as on the potential seismic risk of existing facilities at European level with respect to the current seismic codes. The horizontal elastic response spectra using ESHM20 in combination with the revised Eurocode 8 for selected industrial sites are compared with the respective response spectra of the national regulations for return periods of 475, 2500 and 5000 years. In addition, a single containment LNG tank is analysed for an industrial site in Germany using the design approach for liquid filled tanks according to the revised Eurocode 8. Furthermore, a deterministic and probabilistic seismic risk assessment of a vessel installed in a five-storey frame is performed for industrial sites in Greece and Germany. The examples show that a consistent procedure all over Europe would be desirable and a benefit for engineers in terms of comparability and achievement of the same safety targets. Based on the conducted illustrative studies, the consequences of a potential adoption of the revised Eurocode 8 and ESHM20 hazard maps are discussed and summarized with respect to the standard harmonisation process in Europe.
Review of natural compounds for potential psoriasis treatment
Authors: Elkhawaga Omali Y. , Ellety Mohamed M. , Mofty Sheref O. , Ghanem Mohamed S. , Mohamed Abdallah O.
Published: March 2023

Psoriasis represents an immune-mediated disease with an unclear cause that’s marked by inflammation triggered by dysfunction in the immune system, which results in inflammation in various parts of the skin. There could be obvious symptoms, such as elevated plaques; these plaques may appear differently depending on the type of skin. This disease can cause inflammation in the elbows, lower back, scalp, knees, or other regions of the body. It can begin at any age, although it most commonly affects individuals between the ages of 50 and 60. Specific cells (such as T cells) have been observed to play an obvious role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in addition to specific immunological molecules such as TNF-, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, and other molecules that can aid in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. So, during the past two decades, biologists have created chemical drugs that target these cells or molecules and therefore prevent the disease from occurring. Alefacept, efalizumab, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, and Secukinumab are a few examples of chemical drugs. It was discovered that these chemical drugs have long-term side effects that can cause defects in the patient's body, such as the development of the rare but life-threatening disorder progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PCL). Its rapidly progressive infection of the central nervous system caused by the JC virus and other drugs may cause increased production of neutralising anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and the risk of infusion reactions like pruritus, flushing, hypertension, headache, and rash. So, our context intends to talk in our review about natural products or plants that may have therapeutic characteristics for this disease and may have few or no side effects on the patient's body.
Accessible versatility underpins the deep evolution of plant specialized metabolism
Authors: Dadras Armin , Rieseberg Tim P. , Zegers Jaccoline M. S. , Fürst-Jansen Janine M. R. , Irisarri Iker , de Vries Jan , de Vries Sophie
Published: March 2023

The evolution of several hallmark traits of land plants is underpinned by phytochemical innovations. The specialized metabolism of plants can appear like a teeming chaos that has yielded an ungraspable array of chemodiversity. Yet, this diversity is the result of evolutionary processes including neutral evolution, drift, and selection that have shaped the metabolomic networks. Deciphering the evolutionary history of the specialized metabolome in the context of plant terrestrialization has only just begun. Studies on phytochemistry of model organisms and crop plants enabled the sketch of a blueprint for the biochemical landscape of land plants and a good idea on the diversity that can be explored. Evolutionary metabolomics has in the past been successfully used to identify traits that were critical for domestication of angiosperms or to unravel key innovations in land plants. Owing to recent advances in the study of non-model land plants and their close streptophyte algal relatives we can now begin to appreciate the variation of metabolic networks across the green lineage—and understand convergent solutions to similar environmental challenges and effects that plant terrestrialization had on these networks. Here, we highlight the significant progress made with regard to identifying metabolomic diversity by adding non-model organisms to the equation. We discuss the role of neutral evolution in the context of metabolomic diversity and the effects that environmental challenges had on the lineage-specific specialized metabolism from an evolutionary point of view.
Herder and Enlightenment Politics
Authors: Piirimäe Eva
Published: March 2023

Johann Gottfried Herder initiated the modern disciplines of philosophical anthropology and cultural history, including the study of popular culture. He is also remembered as a sharp critic of colonialism and imperialism. But what types of social, economic and political arrangements did Herder envision for modern European societies? Herder and Enlightenment Politics provides a radically new interpretation of Herder's political thought, situating his ideas in Enlightenment debates on modern patriotism, commerce and peace. By reconstructing Herder's engagement with Rousseau, Montesquieu, Abbt, Ferguson, Möser, Kant and many other contemporary authors, Eva Piirimäe shows that Herder was deeply interested in the potential for cultural, moral and political reform in Russia, Germany and Europe. Herder probed the foundations of modern liberty, community and peace, developing a distinctive understanding of human self-determination, natural sociability and modern patriotism as well as advocating a vision of Europe as a commercially and culturally interconnected community of peoples.
Dying Abroad
Authors: Balkan Osman
Published: March 2023

On any given day, the remains of countless deceased migrants are shipped around the world to be buried in ancestral soils. Others are laid to rest in countries of settlement, sometimes in cemeteries established for religious and ethnic minorities, where available. For immigrants and their descendants, perennial questions about the meaning of home and homeland take on a particular gravitas in death. When the boundaries of a nation and its members are contested, burial decisions are political acts. Building on multi-sited fieldwork in Berlin and Istanbul – where the author worked as an undertaker – Dying Abroad offers a moving and powerful account of migrants' end-of-life dilemmas, vividly illustrating how they are connected to ongoing political struggles over the stakes of citizenship, belonging, and collective identity in contemporary Europe.
Backscatter of scalar variance in turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Sabelnikov V.A. , Lipatnikov A.N. , Nikitin N.V. , Hernández Pérez F.E. , Im H.G.
Published: March 2023

To explore the direction of inter-scale transfer of scalar variance between subgrid scale (SGS) and resolved scalar fields, direct numerical simulation data obtained earlier from two complex-chemistry lean hydrogen–air flames are analysed by applying Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition (HHD) to the simulated velocity fields. Computed results show backscatter of scalar (combustion progress variable$c$) variance, i.e. its transfer from SGS to resolved scales, even in a highly turbulent flame characterized by a unity-order Damköhler number and a ratio of Kolmogorov length scale to thermal laminar flame thickness as low as 0.05. Analysis of scalar fluxes associated with the solenoidal and potential velocity fields yielded by HHD shows that the documented backscatter stems primarily from the potential velocity perturbations generated due to dilatation in instantaneous local flames, with the backscatter being substantially promoted by a close alignment of the spatial gradient of mean scalar progress variable and the potential-velocity contribution to the local SGS scalar flux. The alignment is associated with the fact that combustion-induced thermal expansion increases local velocity in the direction of$\boldsymbol {\nabla } c$. These results call for development of SGS models capable of predicting backscatter of scalar variance in turbulent flames in large eddy simulations.
Competing to Protect: Repatriation and Legal Protection of Syrians in Istanbul under Allied Occupation (1918–1923)
Authors: Okan Orçun Can
Published: March 2023

This article examines interstate competitions over “Syrians” whose legal status as Ottoman subjects was not yet terminated by a peace treaty at the end of World War I. Focusing mainly on occupied Istanbul, it traces French efforts to protect or bring Syrians back home to a “Syria.” Given that Syria was still in the making, the stakes here were high and determined postwar reconfigurations that connected Istanbul and Beirut. I argue that competition over Syrians in occupied Istanbul—especially the wealthier and those with military experience—proved critical in the construction of new diplomatic and legal significance accorded to the categories of “Syria” and “Syrian” in the early 20th century. In addition to offering new insights into the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire, the article historicizes projections of imperial influence after World War I and sheds new light on the foundations of French mandate rule in Syria and Lebanon.
Advances in Seasonal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice With NOAA UFS
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Wang Wanqiu , Liu Yanyun , Kumar Arun , DeWitt David
Published: March 2023

The Unified Forecast System (UFS) is the next generation modeling infrastructure under development for NOAA's operational numerical weather/climate predictions. This study is the first attempt with UFS for seasonal predictions application. In particular, 9‐month hindcasts are performed starting from every month during 2007–2020. The UFS performance in predicting Arctic sea ice was compared to hindcasts by (a) the current operational Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) and (b) an experimental sea ice prediction system (CFSm5) at NOAA. Evaluations indicate that UFS demonstrates consistently improved skills than both CFSv2 and CFSm5 in seasonal sea ice predictions, together with more realistic climatological sea ice distributions. Diagnostics suggest that the better climatological sea ice distributions in UFS is related to its atmospheric states simulated with FV3, the atmospheric component of UFS, and reinforced by associated ocean circulations. In addition, applications of the multi‐model ensemble strategy do not present skill improvements over the UFS forecasts alone.
Experimental study on the galloping characteristics of single ice-coated transmission lines under oblique flows
Authors: Gao Mingyang , Chen Zhaoqing , Su Jin , Su Ning , Liu Chuncheng , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Huiru
Published: March 2023

Galloping of ice-coated transmission lines is occasionally observed under oblique wind directions. However, most current investigations on the galloping mechanisms are for flow perpendicular to the span of the transmission lines. In order to address this gap, this research studies the galloping characteristics of ice-coated transmission lines under oblique flows based on wind tunnel tests. The wind-induced displacement of an aero-elastic iced-coated transmission line model was measured with a noncontact displacement measurement equipment in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and directions. The results show that galloping is characterized by elliptical trajectories and negative damping, which is more likely to occur under oblique flows than the direct flow (0°). At 15° wind direction, a galloping in vertical direction was observed at wind speeds above 5 m/s. At 30° wind direction, galloping was observed over the entire range of the tested wind speeds. Moreover, the galloping amplitudes under oblique flows are observed to be larger than that at the direct flows. Consequently, when the wind direction between the major winter monsoon azimuth and the lateral direction of transmission line route is between 15° and 30°, appropriate anti-galloping devices are highly recommended in practice.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Lactone-Substituted 2-Oxindoles with Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Centers through Vinylogous Conjugate Addition
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming , Li Zegong , Zeng Zi , Tang Qi , Zhong Ziwei
Published: March 2023

A new method has been developed for constructing vicinal quaternary stereocenters with an oxindole–butanolide hybrid framework through asymmetric vinylogous addition of a siloxyfuran to an indol-2-one in the presence of a readily available N,N′-dioxide–Ni(OTf)2 complex catalyst. Various oxindole–lactones were obtained in up to 98% yield with >19:1 dr and 97% ee under mild reaction conditions. A possible transition-state model is proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction.