bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of urban land use on mean and heavy rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Falga Renaud , Wang Chien
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Northern India has undergone intense urbanization since the middle of the 20th century. The impact of such drastic land-use change on the regional weather and climate remains to be assessed. In this work, we study the impact of the modification of land use – from vegetation to urban – on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall as well as on other meteorological variables. We use the regional Meso-scale Non-Hydrostatic (Meso-NH) model coupled with an urban module (the Town Energy Balance model) to perform monthlong sensitivity simulations centered around Kolkata, the most urbanized area in northeastern India. Paired simulations, one with and another without urban settings, have been performed to identify the impacts related to urbanization through both thermodynamic and kinetic effects. We find that the perturbation induced by urban land use enhances the mean rainfall over the model domain, principally by intensifying the convective activity through thermodynamic perturbation, leading to a 14.4 % increase in the monthly mean rainfall. The urban area also induces a 15.0 % rainfall increase during two modeled periods of heavy precipitation caused by low-pressure systems. In addition, the modeling results demonstrate that the urban area not only generally acts as a rainfall enhancer, particularly during nighttime, but also induces the generation of a specific storm in one modeled case that would not have formed in the absence of the urban area. The initiation of this storm over the city was primarily due to the urban terrain's disturbance of the near-surface wind flow, leading to a surge in dynamically produced turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The thermal production of TKE over the nighttime urban boundary layer, on the other hand, serves as a contributing factor to the storm formation.
Temperature-dependent aqueous OH kinetics of C2–C10 linear and terpenoid alcohols and diols: new rate coefficients, structure–activity relationship, and atmospheric lifetimes
Authors: Witkowski Bartłomiej , Jain Priyanka , Wileńska Beata , Gierczak Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Aliphatic alcohols (AAs), including terpenoic alcohols (TAs), are ubiquitous in the atmosphere due to their widespread emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources. Hydroxyl radical (OH) is the most important atmospheric oxidant in both aqueous and gas phases. Consequently, the aqueous oxidation of the TAs by the OH inside clouds and fogs is a potential source of aqueous secondary organic aerosols (aqSOAs). However, the kinetic data, necessary for estimating the timescales of such reactions, remain limited. Here, bimolecular rate coefficients (kOHaq) for the aqueous oxidation of 29 C2–C10 AAs by hydroxyl radicals (OH) were measured with the relative rate technique in the temperature range 278–328 K. The values of kOHaq for the 15 AAs studied in this work were measured for the first time after validating the experimental approach. The kOHaq values measured for the C2–C10 AAs at 298 K ranged from 1.80 × 109 to 6.5 × 109 M−1 s−1. The values of activation parameters, activation energy (7–17 kJ mol−1), and average Gibbs free energy of activation (18 ± 2 kJ mol−1) strongly indicated the predominance of the H-atom abstraction mechanism. The estimated rates of the complete diffusion-limited reactions revealed up to 44 % diffusion contribution for the C8–C10 AAs. The data acquired in this work and the values of kOHaq for AAs, carboxylic acids, and carboxylate ions available in the literature were used to develop a modified structure–activity relationship (SAR). The SAR optimized in this work estimated the temperature-dependent kOHaq for all compounds under investigation with much higher accuracy compared to the previous models. In the new model, an additional neighboring parameter was introduced (F≥ (CH2)6), using the kOHaq values for the homolog (C2–C10) linear alcohols and diols. A good overall accuracy of the new SAR at 298 K (slope = 1.022, R2=0.855) was obtained for the AAs and carboxylic acids under investigation. The kinetic database (kOHaq values in this work and compiled literature data) was also used to further enhance the ability of SAR to predict temperature-dependent values of kOHaq in the temperature range 278–328 K. The calculated atmospheric lifetimes indicate that terpenoic alcohols and diols can react with the OH in aerosol, cloud, and fog water with liquid water content (LWC) ≥0.1 g m−3 and LWC ≥ 10−4 g m−3, respectively. The preference of terpenoic diols to undergo aqueous oxidation by the OH under realistic atmospheric conditions is comparable with terpenoic acids, making them potentially effective precursors of aqSOAs. In clouds, a decrease in the temperature will strongly promote the aqueous reaction with the OH, primarily due to the increased partitioning of WSOCs into the aqueous phase.
The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere
Authors: Schuck Tanja J. , Degen Johannes , Hintsa Eric , Hoor Peter , Jesswein Markus , Keber Timo , Kunkel Daniel , Moore Fred , Obersteiner Florian , Rigby Matt , Wagenhäuser Thomas , Western Luke M. , Zahn Andreas , Engel Andreas
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Anthropogenic trace gases often exhibit interhemispheric gradients because of larger emissions in the Northern Hemisphere. Depending on a tracer's emission pattern and sink processes, trace gas observations can thus be used to investigate interhemispheric transport in the atmosphere. Vice versa, understanding interhemispheric transport is important for interpreting spatial tracer distributions and for inferring emissions. We combine several data sets from the upper troposphere (UT) to investigate the interhemispheric gradient of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) covering latitudes from ∼ 80∘ N to ∼ 60∘ S: canister sampling based measurements from the IAGOS-CARIBIC infrastructure and data from the in-flight gas chromatography instruments GhOST (Gas chromatograph for Observational Studies using Tracers) and UCATS (Unmanned aircraft systems Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species). The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the UT is found to be weaker than near the surface. Using the concept of a lag time removes the increasing trend from the time series. At the most southern latitudes, a lag time of over 1 year with respect to the northern mid-latitude surface is derived, and lag times decrease over the period 2006–2020 in the extra-tropics and the southern tropics. Observations are compared to results from the two-dimensional Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) 12-box model. Based on Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR 7) emissions, fair agreement of lag times is obtained for the Northern Hemisphere, but southern hemispheric air appears too “old”. This is consistent with earlier findings that transport from the northern extra-tropics into the tropics is too slow in many models. The influence of the emission scenario and the model transport scheme are evaluated in sensitivity runs. It is found that EDGAR 7 underestimates emissions of SF6 globally and in the Southern Hemisphere, whereas northern extra-tropical emissions seem overestimated. Faster southward transport from the northern extra-tropics would be needed in the model, but transport from the southern tropics into the southern extra-tropics appears too fast.
Calibration methods for laser ablation Rb–Sr geochronology: comparisons and recommendation based on NIST glass and natural reference materials
Authors: Glorie Stijn , Gilbert Sarah E. , Hand Martin , Lloyd Jarred C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In situ rubidium–strontium (Rb–Sr) geochronology, using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) technology, allows rapid dating of K-rich minerals such as micas (e.g. biotite, muscovite, and phlogopite) and K-feldspar (potassium-containing feldspar). While many studies have demonstrated the ability of the method, analytical protocols vary significantly, and to date, no studies have provided an in-depth comparison and synthesis in terms of precision and accuracy. Here we compare four calibration protocols based on commonly used reference materials (RMs) for Rb–Sr dating. We demonstrate that downhole fractionation trends (DHFs) for natural biotite, K-feldspar, and phlogopite contrast with that for the commonly used Mica-Mg nano powder reference material. Consequently, Rb–Sr dates calibrated to Mica-Mg can be up to 5 % inaccurate, and the degree of inaccuracy appears to be unsystematic between analytical sessions. Calibrating to Mica-Mg also introduces excess uncertainty that can be avoided with a more consistent primary calibration material. We propose a calibration approach involving (1) NIST-610 glass as the primary reference material (PRM) for normalisation and drift correction and (2) a natural mineral with similar DHF characteristics to the analysed samples as matrix correction RM (MCRM) to correct the Rb/Sr ratio for matrix-induced offsets. In this work, MDC phlogopite (the source mineral for Mica-Mg nano powder) was used as the MCRM, consistently producing accurate Rb–Sr dates for a series of natural biotites and K-feldspars with well-characterised expected ages. Biotite from the Banalasta Adamellite, Taratap Granodiorite, and Entire Creek pegmatite are also suitable RMs for Rb/Sr ratio calibration purposes, with consistently <1.5 % fully propagated uncertainties in our methodological approach. Until calibration using isochronous natural standards as the primary RM becomes possible in data reduction software, the two-step calibration approach described here is recommended.
Earthquake forecasting model for Albania: the area source model and the smoothing model
Authors: Xhafaj Edlira , Chan Chung-Han , Ma Kuo-Fong
Published: January 2024

Abstract. We proposed earthquake forecasting models for Albania, one of the most seismogenic regions in Europe, to give an overview of seismic activity by implementing area source and smoothing approaches. The earthquake catalogue was first declustered to remove foreshocks and aftershocks when they are within the derived distance windows and time windows of mainshocks. Considering catalogue completeness, the events with M≥4.1 during the period of 1960–2006 were implemented for the learning forecast model. The forecasting is implemented into an area source model that includes 20 sub-regions and a smoothing model with a cell size of 0.2∘ × 0.2∘ to forecast the seismicity in Albania. Both models show high seismic rates along the western coastline and in the southern part of the study area, consistent with previous studies that discussed seismicity in the area and currently active regions. To further validate the forecast performance of the two models, we introduced the Molchan diagram to quantify the correlation between models and observations. The Molchan diagram suggests that the models are significantly better than a random distribution, confirming their forecasting abilities. Our results provide crucial information for subsequent research on seismic activity, such as probabilistic seismic hazard assessment.
Transport dynamics in a complex coastal archipelago
Authors: Miettunen Elina , Tuomi Laura , Westerlund Antti , Kanarik Hedi , Myrberg Kai
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Archipelago Sea (in the Baltic Sea) is characterised by thousands of islands of various sizes and steep gradients of the bottom topography. Together with the much deeper Åland Sea, the Archipelago Sea acts as a pathway to the water exchange between the neighbouring basins, Baltic proper and Bothnian Sea. We studied circulation and water transports in the Archipelago Sea using a new configuration of the NEMO 3D hydrodynamic model that covers the Åland Sea–Archipelago Sea region with a horizontal resolution of around 500 m. The results show that currents are steered by the geometry of the islands and straits and the bottom topography. Currents are highest and strongly aligned in the narrow channels in the northern part of the area, with the directions alternating between south and north. In more open areas, the currents are weaker with wider directional distribution. During our study period of 2013–2017, southward currents were more frequent in the surface layer. In the bottom layer, in areas deeper than 25 m, northward currents dominated in the southern part of the Archipelago Sea, while in the northern part southward and northward currents were more evenly represented. Due to the variation in current directions, both northward and southward transports occur. During our study period, the net transport in the upper 20 m layer was southward. Below 20 m depth, the net transport was southward at the northern edge and northward at the southern edge of the Archipelago Sea. There were seasonal and inter-annual variations in the transport volumes and directions in the upper layer. Southward transport was usually largest in spring and summer months, and northward transport was largest in autumn and winter months. The transport dynamics in the Archipelago Sea show different variabilities in the north and south. A single transect cannot describe water transport through the whole area in all cases. Further studies on the water exchange processes between the Baltic proper and the Bothnian Sea through the Archipelago Sea would benefit from using a two-way nested model set-up for the region.
Stabilization of Sabkha soil using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD)
Authors: Fiener Yusef
Published: January 2024

Roads designers are often faced with the challenge to design a stable solid foundation on top of Sabkha soil, which has high salt content, very low bearing capacity and loosing of its strength upon wetting.  Roads constructed on this type of soil are mainly facing problems of settlement due traffic loads and very low bearing capacity of Sabkha soft soil. This type of soil need to be stabilized using one of the stabilization techniques. The aim of this paper is study and evaluate the sabkha soil problem, which exist in North-West of Libya, where the main road connecting Libya with Tunis passed. This paper illustrates the results of using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Sabkha soil stabilization.  The results show a considerable improvement of sabkha soil properties based on tests conducted specially CBR values.
الية للتوزيع العادل للثروة في ليبيا باستخدام الموازنة العامة للدولة " دراسة حالة "
Authors: الزوام السنوسي محمد
Published: January 2024

تهدف الدراسة الى  استخدام الموازنة العامة للدولة كاداه للمساعدة في وضع الية للتوزيع العادل للثروة ، ولقد اعتمدت الدراسة  على المنهج الاستنباطي والاستقرائي  باستخدام دراسة حالة ، وذلك من خلال التعريف بالموازنة العامة وانواعها وواقع الموازنة العامة للدولة في ليبيا ، وكذلك مفهوم العدالة الاجتماعية في توزيع الثروة او الدخل ، وفي الجانب التطبيقي استعرض الباحث الالية المقترحة والاسس والمعايير المستخدمة فيها مستندا الى المناطق التاريخية الليبية الثلاثة من اجل تحقيق الهدف الرئيسي للبحث وهو إيجاد اليه يمكن تبنيها لتخطيط وتقدير النفقات العامة للدولة تساهم في تحقيق مستهدفات التنمية المكانية والمستدامة . توصلت الدراسة الى ان اعداد الموازنة العامة للدولة في ليبيا بالشكل الحالي لا يلبي متطلبات واحتياجات المناطق والمدن الليبية لعدم اتباع أسس ومعايير سليمة تحقق عدالة التوزيع في باب التنمية. عليه اوصت الدراسة بضرورة وجود اليه لإدارة وتوزيع الثروة في ليبيا مما يساهم في تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي وكسب ثقة المستثمرين.
An Investigation of The J-V Curve for N-AlGaAs/p-GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cell Due to Influence of Surface Recombination Velocity
Authors: Darkwi Ali , El-saker Eman
Published: January 2024

Theoretical analysis can substantially reduce the time and costs required for developing a specific device such as solar cell, by allowing the designer to take a suitable geometry and doping profile prior to the fabrication stage. In this paper, theoretical analysis of electric field and electric potential within depletion layer of N-AlGaAS/p-GaAs has been made by solving Poisson's equation numerically using finite difference method (FDM) with Fortran program. Continuity equations of charge carriers in quasi- nature regions in N and p-layers  were solved numerically to obtain the current density curve (J-V curve). Boundary conditions related to surface recombination velocity were implemented in this analysis. The effect of front and back surface recombination velocity on the excess minority carriers distribution and photocurrent have been studied. The aim of this work is to find the influence of surface recombination velocity in the output of N-AlGaAs/p-GaAs heterojunction solar cell. The analysis showed that, the low surface recombination velocity produce high efficient solar cell.
Synthesis of Nickel Oxide / Cerium Dioxide/ Graphene Oxide (NiO/CeO₂/GO) Composite as an Organic Pollutant Remover of Dyes
Authors: Al-Madani Mohammed , Al-Lafi Faraj
Published: January 2024

Before industrial effluents are released into the environment, several techniques have been developed to remove colours from them. These techniques include ion exchange, photocatalytic degradation, chemical oxidation, adsorption, and osmosis. Since these dyes may be totally broken down by photo-catalytically active semiconductors when exposed to light, photocatalysis is one of these approaches that is thought to be environmentally friendly and has been widely employed for environmental cleanup In the current study, a hydrothermal approach was used to create a NiO/CeO₂/GO nanocomposite that was heated for 24 hours at 180 °C using a Teflon liner. To confirm the creation of nanocomposite material, the synthesised nanomaterials were characterised using a variety of spectroscopic methods, including XRD, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy (RS), SEM, Photo Luminescence Spectra (PL), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The materials that were synthesised were investigated as photocatalysts for the breakdown of Methylene Blue (MB) dye when exposed to sunlight. The product's photocatalytic activity on methylene blue was examined. It has been demonstrated that adding GO increases absorption while lowering bandgap energy.  The elimination effectiveness of methylene blue from an aqueous solution was investigated, and it was found to be 93.22% when the ideal circumstances of NiO/CeO₂/GO of 0.10 mg/L, pH 5, and contact duration of 40 min under visible light were used.
The Therapeutic Potential Of Date Palm Pollen For Testicular Disorders Induced By Diabetes In Male Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jaiballah Zainab , Lji Naji , Younes Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the main cause of large-scale morbidity and mortality. This syndrome has adverse effects on all physiological systems, including the male reproductive system. It affects a large number of men of reproductive age and causes serious reproductive disorders. This study was aimed to examine the protective effect of date palm pollen (DPP) on diabetes-induced testicular disorders in male rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups. The first group represents the negative control, while the second group is the positive control. In contrast, the following two groups represent the treated groups of DPP suspension with a concentration of 130 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were anesthetized, the epididymis and testis were extracted. The positive control group significantly decreased body weight, sex hormones, and sperm count. However, a significant increase in fasting glucose and the number of abnormal sperm. The histological results confirmed tubular degeneration, Leydig cell atrophy, and tubular dilation. Decrease the basement membrane, the semenforuos epithelium, and tubular diameter, while the diameter of the lumen increased. Treatment with DPP suspension showed a significant decrease in the level of fasting glucose and the number of abnormal sperm. While the number of sperm increased significantly. The results of the histological study confirmed that the Seminiferous Tubules treated with DPP were intact, the germinal epithelium dense, seminiferous tubules did not expand. We concluded that the DPP has an influence on protecting testis from diabetes complication.
The Quadratic Trigonometric Bezier like Curve With two Shape Parameters
Authors: kilani Mabrokah , Omar Almbrok , Ahmed Iman , Abuzaiyan Fatima
Published: January 2024

The quadratic trigonometric Bezier model serves as a potent and valuable tool in computer-aided geometric design, boasting exceptional geometric properties. In this study, Novel functions are introduced by leveraging a trigonometric Bezier-like curve with adjustable shape parameters. Each curve segment is formed by three consecutive control points, providing precise control over shape by adjusting these parameters while keeping the control polygon unchanged. These curves exhibit superior proximity to the control polygon compared to quadratic Bezier curves across all shape parameter values, gradually approaching the control polygon as the shape parameter increases. Moreover, for practical application, the quadratic trigonometric Bezier-like curve was utilized to artfully design the Arabic word "الله" (Allah) and define flower contours, employing MATHEMATICA software. The results underscore the model's effectiveness in accurately representing intricate shapes, offering a versatile and efficient solution for diverse design challenges. Furthermore, the fusion of the quadratic trigonometric Bezier-like curve with shape parameters significantly augments design flexibility and adaptability, making it a valuable asset in computer graphics, geometric modeling, and artistic design across multiple domains.
Energy Flow Management and Size Optimization for Photo-Voltaic and Wind Renewable Sources Integrated with Vehicle-to-Grid Technology
Authors: Hussin Mohamed Nuri , Hussian Mohamed , Alnaghnoughi Sadam
Published: January 2024

The energy management process can increase the reliability of the energy flow to cover the load in a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES), especially in light of the development of new technologies such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology that helps the grid handle with peak load coverage. This paper deals with a connected hybrid system With the grid is used to operate a residential building in the Sabha region in southern Libya, as it consists of photovoltaic (PV) with a capacity of (112.8) KW, wind turbines (WT) generating (24) KW, batteries (BT) up to (63) KW, and electric vehicles (67) KW, with an investment of (513,432) thousand dollars. The proposed system generates (2338) Mw/h/year, which is sufficient to meet (54.76) % of the demand for electricity from renewable energy sources. It also generates surplus energy at a value of (0.91) Mw/h/year, meaning that the deficit in meeting energy demand is negligible. The system is designed to reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) while increasing the Renewable Energy Fraction (REF) by implementing an energy management optimization strategy through search algorithms such as the Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for component size. Hybrid renewable energy system, taking into account climatic data as well as objective functions and Constraints. The energy balance between system components is analyzed to obtain the best performance at the lowest operating cost. The system was set up using MATLAB codes in different configurations, and the obtained results show better performance values such as (0.0340) $/KWh, (0.0769)%, and (0.5476)% for COE, LPSP, and REF, respectively.
Mettre en récit la circulation des documents savants sur Twitter
Authors: Toupin Rémi , Millerand Florence , Larivière Vincent
Published: January 2024

Les récentes études sur l’évaluation de l’impact social et l’attention envers la recherche sur les médias sociaux montrent la nécessité de changer le focus sur la signification des métriques pour s’intéresser aux contextes de circulation de la recherche. Cette étude s’inscrit dans une démarche exploratoire afin de saisir l’apport de la mise en récit pour examiner la circulation de la recherche sur Twitter à travers le cas d’un article sur les effets des changements climatiques sur les limites géographiques de l’habitat des populations de bourdons. En combinant l’analyse qualitative de tweets, l’analyse de réseaux et un entretien avec support visuel, cette étude montre comment la mise en récit de la diffusion d’un article scientifique peut jeter un éclairage spécifique à propos de sa résonance sur Twitter.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Çevre ve Geri Dönüşüm Farkındalığı Üzerine Bir Eylem Araştırması
Authors: KARAKAŞ TAN Cahide
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to determine how applied recycling studies carried out in the preschool period (60-72 months) affected children's awareness of the concepts of environment and recycling. Action research model was used in the research in which qualitative research design was adopted. The study group of the research consisted of eight preschool children studying in a kindergarten class of a public school affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Boztepe District of Kırşehir Province. Data of the research; It was obtained through student drawings and semi-structured interview forms. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA data analysis program. As a result of the research, it was observed that children's environmental awareness changed positively and they especially paid attention to the integrity of nature with living things. It was determined that there was a positive change in the children's knowledge of the concepts of "not garbage" and "reused" and that they expressed these concepts correctly. Keywords: Environmental awareness, recycling, preschool
Modelling Heat and Mass Transfer in High-Capacity Natural Convection Solar Dryers
Authors: Achint Sanghi  , Karthik Salish  , Kingsly Ambrose
Published: January 2024

Predicting solar dryer performance under different environmental conditions or assessing their performance to dry different grains is challenging since repeatable full-scale tests are expensive and time consuming. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics approach was used to model the drying of maize in high-capacity dryers such as greenhouse and solar bubble dryer. The absorption of short-wave radiation and the greenhouse effect in the dryer with incident solar radiation was modelled using a dual-band spectrum. The distribution of airflow, temperature, and absolute humidity was analysed in this study to optimise the drying process of maize. Additionally, these results were also used to quantify the drying rate of both greenhouse and solar bubble dryer. The greenhouse dryer model overpredicted the dryer temperatures by an average of 0.12%, and overpredicted absolute humidity by 0.38 per cent. The average Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of temperature prediction was 1.8 °C, and the average RMSE for absolute humidity was 0.0042 for the greenhouse model. On the other hand, the solar bubble dryer model underpredicted temperatures by 1.7%, and underpredicted humidity values by 0.3 per cent. The mean absolute percentage error for the temperature and absolute humidity prediction of the solar bubble dryer model was 1.69% and 0.28%, respectively. The predicted and observed spatial variation in the temperature was similar for both dryers.
Application of InVEST SDR Model to Assess Soil Erosion and Sediment Export: A Case Study from Deduru Oya River Basin, Sri Lanka
Authors: N.S. Abeysingha  , C. H. Muthunayaka  , K. G. S. Nirmanee  , M. G. T. S. Amarasekara  , R. L. Ray
Published: January 2024

The quantification of soil loss and sediment load is an essential step in watershed management in river basins. Soil erosion in the Deduru Oya river basin was assessed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is embedded in InVEST-SDR model. This study used a 30m x 30m digital elevation model (DEM), 20 years of rainfall data measured at five rain gauge stations across the basin; land use – land cover and soil maps of the basin; and also data from the literature as input to the model. The average annual soil loss in Deduru Oya river basin varied from 0 to 277.25 t ha-1 yr-1. About 5.6% of the basin (145.9 km2 area) was identified as having a high rate of soil erosion ( > 12 t ha-1 yr-1 ), and those areas are mainly found upstream of the river basin. The mean annual sediment export from the Deduru Oya basin was estimated to be 0.18 t ha-1 yr-1, and Kiribathgalla and Bambaragahakanda areas showed the highest sediment export values. The prioritization of soil erosion prone areas resulted in this study helps river basin managers to set watershed management plans in the Deduru Oya river basin.
Water and Nitrogen Dynamics in Drip Fertigated Tomato for Water of Different Qualities under Polyhouse Conditions
Authors: Ketan Chawla  , Sanjay Satpute  , Sudhir Thaman  , Karamjit Singh Sekhon  , Naveen Garg  , Rakesh Sharda  , Om Parkash Choudhary
Published: January 2024

Water and NO3-N dynamics in the soil during the growing season is an important tool in improving the nitrogen management and environmental protection. HYDRUS-2D has been widely used to predict the water and NO3-N distribution in the soil. The objective of this study was to simulate the water and NO3-N distribution in the soil under drip fertigated tomato irrigated with different water qualities under polyhouse conditions. Field data were collected on spatial and temporal distribution of water and available NO3-N during growing season. The model was calibrated for the hydraulic conductivity and parameters were used for the validation of the model. The model performance in simulating the water and NO3-N was evaluated by using coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), index of agreement and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE). For both calibration and validation, the higher values of R2 from 0.70 to 0.99 for water distribution and 0.70 to 0.96 for NO3-N distribution showed that observed and predicted values are highly correlated. The value of RMSE ranges from 0.004 to 0.0016 for water and 0.002-0.006 for NO3-N distribution. The index of agreement value varied from 0.86-0.98 for water distribution and 0.89-0.99 for NO3-N distribution. The values of NSE (nearer to 1) i.e. 0.17 to 0.98 for water distribution and -0.09 to 0.94 for NO3-N distribution show that HYDRUS-2D was predicting with good accuracy. From these results, it can be concluded that the model performs well for predicting the water and NO3-N distribution in the tomato crop irrigated with different water qualities under polyhouse conditions.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in laboratory animals in the context of assessing the functional state of the liver.
Authors: Popova O. S. , Ponamarev V. S. , Kostrova A. V. , Agafonova L. A.
Published: January 2024

To date, the assessment of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system by analyzing changes in the clearance of exogenous caffeine is one of the most promising hepatic stress tests. The purpose of the study was to establish the pharmacokinetic change in the levels of exogenous caffeine in the blood plasma of laboratory animals in order to further induce various liver pathologies and subsequently assess the change in its clearance. For the study, non-linear laboratory rats were used (18 males, 18 females, average live weight 180 g ± 4%, age 3 months), Of the experimental animals, 3 groups were formed (6 females and 6 males each), each of which was injected subcutaneously with a 20% solution of caffeine sodium benzoate (Mosagrogen LLC, Russia) in increments of 50 mg/kg (50, 100, 150) in terms of pure caffeine.When using dosages of 100 and 150 mg/ kg, we noted a non-linear biotransformation of the test substance, namely, peak concentrations 4 hours after administration, which is also a standard pharmacokinetic indicator for dosages passing along the upper limit of the therapeutic latitude of the drug and is due to the fact that that at such dosages, the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system does not differ in reactivity compared to the absorption time of the substance.As a result of the experiment, we established the initial and peak levels of caffeine for further study of its changes during the artificial induction of hepatopathy of various origins in a specific experimental group of laboratory animals. We also noted the absence of dependence on the sex of the listed levels, and such results are consistent with the data obtained by other researchers.
Ecological and ichthyotoxicological state of the southern water area of Lake Ladoga
Authors: Romanov A. Yu. , Arshanitsa N. M.
Published: January 2024

The southern water area of Lake Ladoga, which includes three lips (Shlisselburgskaya, Volkhovskaya and Svirskaya) is a place of spawning, feeding and fishing of various species of fish. The hydrological features of the lips – shallow water and the presence of extensive littoral zones, makes them particularly susceptible to pollutants coming in various ways – aerogenic, with surface runoff and wastewater. The results of the fish study showed that they are massively affected by toxicosis, their natural reproduction is disrupted, which affects the state of their populations and the structure of the fish population as a whole. Fish are integral bioindicators of water quality, their condition allows us to assess the level of pollution of individual water areas. It has shown that the level of pollution of the southern water area of the lake has not changed in recent decades, which is due to the presence of pollution sources and the entry of pollutants by aerogenic means and surface runoff. Some improvement in the ecological state and increase in the fishery potential of the southern water area is associated with environmental protection measures, factory reproduction of fish and reclamation of spawning grounds.
Features of the rumen microbiome in reindeer with necrobacteriosis
Authors: Laishev K. A. , Ilyina L. A. , Yuzhakov A. A.
Published: January 2024

Reindeer are a unique animal species that have adapted to the harsh Arctic conditions. Adaptive features of the structure of the gastrointestinal tract of reindeer allows you to eat actively digest and assimilate lichens, foliage, shrubs, snowy greens. Along with beneficial microflora, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms live in the reindeer rumen. The purpose of our research is to study and compare the features of the rumen microbiome in healthy and sick reindeer with necrobacteriosis. The subject of the study was samples of cicatricial contents taken from 38 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) of the Nenets breed of different age groups. Microbiome studies were performed by NGS sequencing on the MiSeq next generation sequencing platform (Illumina, USA) using primers for the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA.Based on the studies, it was possible to establish that the microbiome of the reindeer rumen in summer and winter is characterized by certain differences. During the summer grazing period, the presence of a greater number of pathogenic bacteria such as Fusobacterium sp., Parvimonas sp. and Porphyromonas endodontalis, while in the spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium, which are considered the main infectious agent in necrobacteriosis, were most often isolated. In the same period, the presence of bacteria of the genus Sharpea, belonging to the phylum Erysipelotrichaceae, which ferment sugars with the formation of lactic acid and can cause the development of lactic acidosis, was established in deer rumen samples. In calves, during the disease, the number of chytridiomycete fungi, which are involved in the fermentation of polysaccharides, decreases.
Clinical, pathological and genetic aspects of laryngeal paralysis in dogs
Authors: Mukii J. V. , Kostiunina O. V.
Published: January 2024

The review article discusses the main clinical signs of paralysis of the larynx and pathological changes associated with it and other neurological pathologies. These hereditary canine neuropathies form a group of degenerative diseases affecting motor and/or sensory and autonomic peripheral nerves and have similar symptoms.Axonal forms associated with generalized polyneuropathy and paralysis of the larynx have been described in several dog breeds: Dalmatians, Alaskan Malamutes, Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, Leonbergers, St. Bernards, Italian Spinols, Pyrenean Mountain Dogs, Podhale Sheepdogs, Cocker Spaniels, Great Danes, American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, Bouvier de Flandres, Siberian Huskies and Siberian Husky crosses. Candidate genes for association with the disease are considered:ARHGEF10, RAPGEF6, ADAMTS3, CNTNAP1, DCTN1.The age of onset of the disease can be different, the manifestation of signs of paralysis of the larynx occurs both in young dogs, and the geriatric form also occurs. The prognosis of the complex of paralysis of the larynxpolyneuropathy is from cautious to unfavorable. One case of euthanasia due to intractable regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia has been described. Some authors point to a possible association of the disease with white coat color. Two main types of inheritance of paralysis of the larynx in dogs have been established - autosomal recessive and X -linked recessive. In humans, the dominant type of inheritance of this anomaly is known. Early diagnosis will make it possible to identify the hereditary nature of paralysis of the larynx, reduce the incidence of severe forms of the disease with timely surgical correction of the cartilage of the larynx and symptomatic treatment, as well as the spread of carriers of mutant alleles in dog populations. This is relevant today in connection with the spread of this anomaly in many breeds.
Histological patterns of the stomach of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect
Authors: Polyanskaya A. I. , Shchipakin M. V.
Published: January 2024

Pig breeding is currently a fairly promising industry that is able to ensure the food security of citizens in the Russian Federation with meat, bacon and bacon products. By nature, the stomach of pigs is classified as a mixed type (esophageal-intestinal), and therefore there is a special interest in studying the histological structure of the stomach in newborn piglets. The purpose of our study is to study the histological patterns of the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect, to clarify morphometric indicators and to characterize histostructures. As a result of the study, two age groups of piglets were used: newborn one-day-old piglets and 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The histological method was used for the study. According to the results of the study, it was found that the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets of two age groups is represented by three membranes: the mucosa, which borders on the submucosal base; muscle and serous membranes. The mucous membrane is represented by simple weakly branching tubular glands formed by the main, lining and accessory cells. At the age of 30 days, mucus-producing cells in the cardiac department were detected mainly in the deep parts of the mucosa, in the fundal they showed weak secretory activity throughout the branching tubular glands, and in the pyloric, as in the cardiac department, they were most often found in deep areas of the mucous membrane. Numerous nerve plexuses and ganglia were observed between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth musculature in the thickness of the muscle membranes, occurring both in a oneday-old animal and at the age of 30 days. The serous lining of the stomach had a typical structure, was represented by loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium.
Anatomical and topographic features of the quadriceps femoral muscle in small cattle
Authors: Shirokova E. O. , Slesarenko N. A. , Oganov E. O.
Published: January 2024

The article presents data on the anatomical structure of the quadriceps femoral muscle in a sheep of the Dagestan breed. The points of fixation and the degree of development of the heads of this muscle have been clarified, additions have been made to their classification by internal structure.The research was carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A.F. Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K.I. Scriabin. The material for the research was a sectional material – pelvic limbs (n=10), selected from adult sheep of the Dagestan mountain breed, without external signs of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. It was found that the rectus head, at its proximal end, forms two tendon legs: the cranial leg is fixed in the slit–shaped "pit of the rectus femoris muscle", and the lateral leg is on the "lateral roughness" above the articular cavity of the ilium. Both legs, combining, enter the muscular abdomen, which allows you to type this muscle as a pinnate. The direction of the bundles of muscle fibers in the places of their fixation, allow us to assert that the lateral and medial heads of the quadriceps femoral muscle, in addition to the extension of the knee joint, also participate in its abduction and adduction, and also perform an optional function of hip flexors. Data on the topical features of anatomical formations on the pelvic (nameless) and femoral bones are presented – "the site of the lateral head of the quadriceps femoral muscle" on the large trochanter of the femur; "lateral roughness of the rectus femoris muscle" on the ilium.
The spread of liver diseases in sows according to the results of the study of the biochemical composition of blood
Authors: Piatrouski S. V.
Published: January 2024

Sows in industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors leading to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathy). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of an in vivo study of the biochemical composition of the blood determines the relevance of the work.In order to clearly judge the prevalence of liver diseases in sows, three age groups of animals were defined: sows with one farrowing (pregnant replacement gilts), sows with 2 -3 farrowings and sows with 4 or more farrowings. Each age group included 100 sows and 100 suckling sows (total 600 animals). The selection of animals for blood sampling was carried out randomly.Sows in conditions of industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors that lead to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathies). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of intravital study of biochemical composition of blood causes the relevance of the work. In the blood of sows biochemical indices of inflammatorymesenchymal, cytolytic, hepatodepressive and cholestatic syndromes were determined. When interpreting the obtained indices, sows with changes in the biochemical composition of blood characterizing these syndromes were determined.The number of animals with biochemical changes in the blood characteristic of liver pathology increased among gestating and lactating sows with increasing number of farrows. The number of animals with hepatopathies in pregnant sows has increased from 20% in nursing pigs to 81% in animals which farrow 4 and more pigs, and in suckling sows from 34% to 85%. At the same time, with an increase in the number of farrows among sows with biochemical changes in the blood, which characterize the development of hepatopathies, the number of animals with blood parameters indicating the development of hepatosuppression and "oppression" of the synthetic function of the liver increases. Hepatosuppression was detected in 10% of cases in repair pigs, in sows with one farrowing, in 41.2% of cases. In gestating and lactating sows with 4 and more farrows, 92.6 and 92.9%, respectively.
The prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus in food products in the Irkutsk region in the period from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Sukhinin A. A. , Batomunkuev A. S.
Published: January 2024

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Resistance to antimicrobial drugs of staphylococci isolated from milk in infectious mastitis of cows
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Pavlova V. S.
Published: January 2024

Аnalysis of antibiograms and interpretation of the results, laboratory monitoring of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk in infectious mastitis of cows is necessary for successful pharmacotherapy of animals.The aim of the study was to study the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from milk in infectious mastitis of cows.In the period from 2021 to 2022, 100 strains of microorganisms were isolated from milk in infectious mastitis of cows. The strains were identified as gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus - 16%.When interpreting the antibiogram, it was found that strains of Staphylococcus aureus are sensitive to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, tetracyclines in 100% of isolation cases, and to benzylpenicillins - 81%. and also resistant.
Identification of resistance genes in the framework of veterinary monitoring
Authors: Prasolova O. V. , Krylova E. V. , Soltynskaya I. V. , Putintseva A. V. , Timofeeva I. A. , Kirsanova N. A. , Osipova Yu. A. , Ivanova O. E. , Kish L. K.
Published: January 2024

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-PT) was used to examine 263 environmental samples from animal and poultry facilities, as well as faeces, to determine the genetic determinants of resistance to five classes of antimicrobials such as tetracyclines (tetA, tetO, tetM) fluoroquinolones (qnrS, qnrB) cephalosporins, penicillins (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, CMY), polymyxins (mcr-1). 95% of samples tested for AMR showed the presence of resistance genes associated with resistance to at least two classes of these broad-spectrum antibiotics. The level of detection of resistance markers to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones was the highest. The detection of genetic markers of resistance to most antimicrobials has the following ascending order: sheep → horse → goat → cattle → pig → poultry. Our studies correlate with a trend towards more antimicrobial use in pigs and poultry than in cattle.In samples from environmental objects, the identification of genetic determinants of resistance was comparable to the detection in samples from animals only in poultry houses. In faecal samples, resistance genes were detected two to three times more often than in environmental samples.The study showed which resistance markers are common in the fecal microbiome and environmental samples, and the relative amount and frequency of detection of these markers can serve as a risk assessment parameter for the further spread of antibiotic resistance.
КАЙРА ИШТЕТҮҮ ӨНӨР ЖАЙ ТАРМАГЫНЫН ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫК ӨНҮГҮҮСҮНДӨГҮ АЙЫЛ ЧАРБАСЫНЫН РОЛУ
Authors: Аттокурова Гулумкан , Эсенали кызы Гүлзина , Кокулова Бүбүмария , Акматова Айзирек
Published: January 2024

Бул макалада Кыргызстан үчүн перспективалуу болуп айыл чарба продукцияларын өндүрүү жана аны  кайра иштетүү ошондой эле аларды транспорттоо жана башка уюмдардын ортосундагы байланышты уюштуруу тажрыйбасын колдонуу  сыяктуу маселелерге көңүл бөлүндү.  Андыктан натыйжалуулукка жетүү үчүн продукция өндүрүүнү пландаштыруудан аны сатууга чейинки ар бир этапты дыккаттык менен терең изилдөө талап кылынат.
ВОПРОСЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРАВИЛЬНОЙ “ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ” И УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Кулуева Чинара
Published: January 2024

Данная статья посвящена вопросам взаимодействия правильной «зеленой экономики» и устойчивому развитию регионов в Кыргызской Республике. Раскрыты и уточнены составляющие элементы «зеленой экономики» и их влияние на устойчивое развитие территорий страны. На основании анализа соответствующих показателей обобщены важнейшие стороны деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов в поддержке политики государства по охране окружающей среды и экологии в процессе производства продукции и возобновлении экосистем. Определены причины инертного поведения предприятий по обязательствам природоохранных расходов за нанесение ущерба природе и окружающей среде. Уточнена значимость и взаимодействие решение проблем формирования «зеленой экономики» и устойчивого развития регионов в достижении экономического роста страны в условиях глобализации и посткризисной ситуации.