bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the invasion history of the giant African snail (Lissachatina fulica) on its realized climatic niche
Authors: Patiño‐Montoya Angie , Giraldo Alan , Tidon Rosana
Published: October 2022

There is almost a century of difference among Indo‐Malayan, Australasian, and Neotropical regions in establishment of non‐native populations of the giant African snail (Lissachatina fulica). Using potential distribution models and environmental principal component analysis (PCA‐env), we first tested whether an expansion of the realized climatic niche of L. fulica occurred. The models showed geographical differences between the native and non‐native areas, especially in the Neotropical region, where the last introduction of mollusks occurred. Because PCA‐env showed a 60% expansion and 40% overlap between the native and global areas, we next investigated whether the expansion of the realized climatic niche of L. fulica was influenced by its geographical spread. Precipitation had the highest contribution in most models, but temperature was the variable that best explained the projected spread from the current Neotropical distribution. The current Neotropical distribution was better explained when the climatic conditions of the Indo‐Malayan and Australasian regions from which the species arrived in the Neotropics were included. PCA‐env showed 74% expansion between the native and Indo‐Malayan–Australasian areas and 97% expansion between the native and Neotropical areas. In conclusion, the spread between biogeographic regions and the existence of similar climatic conditions between the native and non‐native distributions would produce the observed climatic niche of L. fulica.
Cover Image
Authors: Mirhaj Marjan , Labbaf Sheyda , Tavakoli Mohamadreza , Seifalian Alexander Marcus
Published: October 2022

The cover image is based on the Review Article Emerging treatment strategies in wound care by Marjan Mirhaj et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13786.

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How should webcams be used in online learning under COVID‐19: A co‐orientation analysis of teachers' and students' perceptions of student social presence on webcam
Authors: Yeung Matthew W. L. , Yau Alice H. Y. , Lee Crystal Y. P.
Published: October 2022

Background

The existing literature has predominantly focused on instructor social presence in videos in an asynchronous learning environment and little is known about student social presence on webcam in online learning in the context of COVID‐19.

Objectives

This paper therefore contrasts students' and teachers' perspectives on student social presence on webcam in synchronous online teaching through co‐orientation analysis.

Methods

Data were collected through an online questionnaire with 14 statements that measured participants' perceptions of webcam use in three constructs in social presence (i.e., emotional expression, open communication, and cohesion). 154 students and 36 teachers from two higher education institutions in Hong Kong responded to the questionnaire, and their responses were analysed using the co‐orientation model.

Results and conclusion

Results reveal the perceptual gaps between teachers and students on the use of webcam to promote student social presence by showing how teachers were comparatively more positive about its impacts for learning and consistently overestimated students' preference for it. Through analysing individual constructs/items, this paper argues that using webcams in synchronous online learning could enhance student social presence only to a limited extent in that it may help improve emotional expression and open communication but not cohesion.

Implications

The paper advises against the adoption of a clear‐cut policy that webcams should be either recommended or not recommended for online learning. Instead, teachers should take into account students' perspective to find out the types of activities that are apt for using webcams in online learning, and reflective tasks and oral assessments were amongst the ones considered appropriate by students in the study.
Interaction of probiotic activity, antioxidative capacity, and gamma‐ amino butyric acid (GABA) in chestnut milk‐fortified yogurt
Authors: Yilmaz‐Ersan Lutfiye , Sahin Saliha , Ozcan Tulay , Akpinar‐Bayizit Arzu , Usta‐Gorgun Buse , Ciniviz Melike , Keser Gokce
Published: October 2022

As a novel functional dairy product, yogurt was produced from mixtures of skimmed milk and chestnut milk using probiotic culture. The survival of probiotic bacteria, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and gamma‐ amino butyric acid (GABA) content of the samples were determined. Results showed that sample with chestnut milk 100% contained a higher dry matter, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric value and lower vitamin C, and E contents. Samples had high K, Ca, P, Na, and Na values. Probiotic bacteria were capable of growing well and over the recommended therapeutic value in yogurt with fortified chestnut milk. The yogurt samples showed excellent 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 2, 2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power. However, it was found that as the chestnut milk ratio of samples increased, the antioxidant capacity values increased. GABA values of samples varied from 0.31 to 2.43 mg 100 g−1. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, the samples with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% chestnut milk had similar compositional properties.

Novelty impact statement

The objective of the present study was to compare the nutritional, microbiological, and antioxidative properties of probiotic yogurts manufactured using skimmed milk and chestnut milk. Based on the findings of this study, the fortification of chestnut milk, in general, had positive effects on the nutritional properties of probiotic yogurt. The present study describes that yogurt with chestnut milk could be considered a potential source of antioxidant compounds as well as GABA. Chestnut milk‐fortified dairy products could be contributed to ensure maximum functional benefits from these products and present a good alternative for consumers demanding healthier foods.
Effects of reminiscence therapy on anxiety and depression during acute hospitalization in older patients: Controlled study
Authors: Gonzalez‐Senac Nicolas M. , Somoza‐Fernandez Gema , Ocaña Ramirez Esther , Romero‐Estarlich Vicente , Ortiz‐Alonso Francisco J. , Serra‐Rexach Jose A. , Vidan Maria T.
Published: October 2022

Background/Objectives

Hospitalization due to acute illness in older patients is often associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms. In these circumstances, given that pharmacologic treatment should be avoided to reduce interactions with ongoing medication regimes, psychotherapy techniques should be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy (RT) on the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in acutely hospitalized older patients.

Methods

Controlled and prospective study conducted on the Acute Geriatric Unit of a university hospital. Patients included in the intervention group (RT Group) attended a group session focused on RT, whereas those included in the control group (UC) received usual hospital care. Exclusion criteria were severe cognitive impairment, impossibility to mobilize, and clinical/hemodynamic instability. The intervention was based on a multi‐task daily group session of reminiscence activities. The severity of anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAM‐A), depressive symptoms (15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS‐15), loneliness (ESTE‐II social loneliness scale), and fear of death (Collet‐Lester scale) was assessed at admission and discharge in both groups.

Results

The intervention was effective in reducing the proportion of patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms during hospitalization. The proportion of patients with moderate–severe anxiety at discharge was 32.1% in the UC and 13.4% in the RT Group (p < 0.001), whereas the proportion of patients with depressive symptoms at discharge was 49.1% in the UC and 19.5% in the RT Group (p < 0.001). The intervention was independently associated with benefits on anxiety levels (RR 2.45, 95% CI 1.83–3.28) and depression (RR 3.71, 95% CI 2.22–6.19) at discharge. No differences were found in loneliness or fear of death.

Conclusions

A group reminiscence activity reduces the proportion of patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms during hospitalization for an acute disease. Absolute changes in both anxiety and depression scores, even though significant, were relatively small.
Structural connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical/subcortical area relates to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia but not in mood disorders
Authors: Ikeda Natsuko , Yamada Shinichi , Yasuda Kasumi , Uenishi Shinya , Tamaki Atsushi , Ishida Takuya , Tabata Michiyo , Tsuji Tomikimi , Kimoto Sohei , Takahashi Shun
Published: October 2022

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders is a challenge to be overcome in order to maintain patients' quality of life and social function. The neurological pathogenesis of cognitive impairment requires further elucidation. In general, the hippocampus interacts between the cortical and subcortical areas for information processing and consolidation and has an important role in memory. We examined the relationship between structural connectivity of the hippocampus and cortical/subcortical areas and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Subjects comprised 21 healthy controls, 19 patients with schizophrenia, 20 patients with bipolar disorder and 18 patients with major depressive disorder. Diffusion‐weighted tensor images data were processed using ProbtrackX2 to calculate the structural connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical/subcortical areas. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in schizophrenia composite score. Hippocampal structural connectivity index was significantly correlated with composite score in the schizophrenia group but not in the healthy control, major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder groups. There were no statistically significant differences in hippocampal structural connectivity index between the four groups. Structural connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical/subcortical areas is suggested to be a pathophysiological mechanism of comprehensive cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
Hysteroscopic resection with temporary balloon catheter occlusion of bilateral internal iliac arteries for managing retained products of conception after spontaneous abortion: Two cases report
Authors: Ono Yosuke , Sakurai Yasuo , Ota Hajime , Tanaka Kota , Okada Hiroki , Tagaya Hikaru , Fukushi Yoshiyuki , Yoshino Osamu , Wada Shinichiro
Published: October 2022

Retained products of conception (RPOC) is a condition in which trophoblastic tissue remains in the uterus after pregnancy, causing massive hemorrhage in some cases. Though RPOC is commonly treated by intrauterine curettage or hysteroscopic resection uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy may be performed in case of massive bleeding. We experienced two cases of RPOC after surgery for missed abortion that failed to respond to conservative treatment and required surgical treatment. They were treated by hysteroscopic resection with temporary balloon catheter occlusion of bilateral internal iliac arteries for fertility preservation. After the balloon catheters were inflated, the reduction of blood flow to RPOC was observed under transvaginal ultrasound. In both cases, good visualization was maintained throughout the surgery with minimal bleeding. They were discharged the next day and resumed menstruation 1 month after surgery. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of this procedure as a minimally invasive and fertility‐preserving surgery.
Hydrosalpinx in a premenarcheal 14‐year‐old girl with the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the isthmus of the fallopian tube: A case report
Authors: Kamo Norihito , Takahashi Toshifumi , Soeda Shu , Jimbo Masatoshi , Yoshida‐Komiya Hiromi , Fujimori Keiya
Published: October 2022

Hydrosalpinx is rare in childhood, and its pathogenesis may differ from that in reproductive‐aged women. Herein, we report a case of hydrosalpinx in a premenarcheal 14‐year‐old girl, which might be caused by thickening of the smooth muscle of the fallopian tube. The patient had recurrent right lower abdominal pain and was referred to our hospital with a suspected adnexal tumor. Laparoscopy revealed a hydrosalpinx with complete obstruction of the fimbria and scar‐like stenosis of the proximal ampulla. Right salpingectomy was performed because of a severe hydrosalpinx. As the patient was a virgin and a vaginal culture showed normal flora, ascending infection to the fallopian tube was not considered to be the cause of the hydrosalpinx. Histopathological examination revealed that the resected fallopian tube had a markedly dilated lumen with no inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemically, estrogen‐ and progesterone‐positive smooth muscle proliferation was found at the isthmus of the fallopian tube.
The influence of age on the frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during sleep in general population differs from that in clinical research samples
Authors: Dal Fabbro Cibele , Rompré Pierre , Kato Takafumi , Maluly Milton , Haraki Shingo , Toyota Risa , Shiraishi Yuki , Andersen Monica L. , Tufik Sergio , Montplaisir Jacques , Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Lavigne Gilles J.
Published: October 2022

Background

During sleep, limb and jaw muscle motor activity can be quantified by electromyography (EMG). The frequency of periodic limb activity during sleep increases with age in both the general and clinical research populations. The literature is controversial regarding stability, over age, of the frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), which is one biomarker of sleep bruxism (SB).

Objectives

The purpose of this retrospective sleep laboratory study was to assess if any change in RMMA frequency occurs over age in the general population (GP) and two clinical research (CR) samples.

Methods

RMMA signals from polysomnography (PSG) recordings of 465 individuals, irrespective of SB awareness, were analysed. The sample comprised 164 individuals from the GP of Sao Paulo, and 301 individuals from Montreal and Osaka CR samples. Data were divided into two subgroups, younger (15–39) and older (40–80) participants. RMMA was classified as low frequency (<2 events/h) or high (≥2 events/h). Pearson correlation (R) and B (slope) analyses were performed with power estimations.

Results

In the GP sample, no significant change over age was noted in the RMMA index/year. In the CR samples, a significant reduction was observed in the RMMA index/year (−0.05) with age (R2 = .042; p < .001; 3.5 to 1.5 RMMA/h from 20 to 60 years old).

Conclusions

In the GP, the RMMA index remained stable over age. In the CR samples, a significant, reduction was observed. Prospective studies with multiple home sleep recordings, in both general and clinical research populations, are needed before extrapolating from the present findings.
The Fluid Movement of the Spirit: (Re)Conceptualizing Gender in Pentecostalism
Authors: Daniels Joel D.
Published: October 2022

Claiming close to 800 million adherents, Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious community in the world; nevertheless, the movement remains under‐researched, encouraging more academic investment. This article takes on this task by exploring Pentecostalism regarding gender and sex. Why have Pentecostals ardently supported gender normativity? Why have Pentecostal denominations in the United States adamantly opposed the recent Equality Acts bill? This essay's argument is that Pentecostal belief and practice, rooted in theology and pneumatology, actually denounce gender bifurcation, supporting instead fluid movement with the Holy Spirit into and out of gender performances. Judith Butler's performance theory, Sarah Coakley's Trinitarian theology, and Lisa Stephenson'simago Spiritusframe the overall argument. As Paul declares, there is no longer male or female in Christ.
The preventable productivity burden of sleep apnea in Australia: a lifetime modelling study
Authors: Marquina Clara , Makarounas‐Kirchmann Kelly , Holden Karen , Sasse Anthony , Ademi Zanfina
Published: October 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder. OSA is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression, among other comorbidities. We aim to determine the productivity burden of OSA in Australia using productivity‐adjusted life‐years (PALYs). Using life table modelling, we built a multistate Markov model to estimate the impact of moderate to severe OSA on the whole working‐age Australian population in 2021 (aged 20–65 years) with OSA until retirement (aged 66 years). The model also captured the impact of OSA on CVD, T2DM, depression, and vehicle‐related accidents. Data for OSA and comorbidities and Australian specific labour data, were extracted from published sources. A second cohort was then modelled to test the effect of a hypothetical intervention, assuming a 10% reduction in OSA prevalence and a 10% reduction in comorbidities in patients with OSA. The primary outcome of interest were PALYs accrued. All outcomes were discounted 5% annually. Over a lifetime, the Australian population with OSA accrued 193,713,441 years of life lived and 182,737,644 PALYs. A reduction of 10% in OSA prevalence and comorbidities would result in 45,401 extra years of life lived and 150,950 extra PALYs. This resulted in more than AU$25 billion of gained gross domestic product over the lifetime of the working population. Our study highlights the substantial burden of OSA on the Australian population and the need to tailor interventions at the population level to reduce the health and economic impacts.
Treatment feasibility of a digital tool for brief self‐help behavioural therapy for insomnia (FastAsleep)
Authors: Jernelöv Susanna , Forsell Erik , Westman Henrietta , Eriksson Dufva Ylva , Lindefors Nils , Kaldo Viktor , Kraepelien Martin
Published: October 2022

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is efficacious and recommended for insomnia, but availability is scarce. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia self‐help interventions could increase availability, especially if unguided. Optimizing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia methods and system user‐friendliness, we developed a short, digital, self‐help programme—FastAsleep—based on the behavioural components of sleep restriction and stimulus control. This study investigated its feasibility and preliminary effects. Thirty media‐recruited participants with moderate to severe insomnia were assessed via telephone before using FastAsleep for 4 weeks, and were interviewed afterwards. Self‐ratings with web questionnaires were conducted at screening, pre‐, mid‐ and post‐treatment, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes were feasibility (credibility, adherence, system user‐friendliness and adverse effects), and secondary outcomes were changes in symptom severity (insomnia, depression and anxiety). Adherence was generally high, participants' feasibility ratings were favourable, and adverse effects matched previously reported levels for cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. Symptoms of insomnia decreased after the treatment period (Hedge's g = 1.79, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–2.39), as did symptoms of depression and anxiety. FastAsleep can be considered feasible and promising for alleviating insomnia symptoms among patients fit for self‐care. Future controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of FastAsleep and its suitability in a stepped care model.
Soil origin and duration of a garden experiment affect competitive outcomes between dominant grassland species
Authors: Florianová Anna , Knappová Jana , Münzbergová Zuzana
Published: October 2022

Questions

To explore whether temporal variation and context dependency of competition may explain alternations in dominance of four dry‐grassland species. The species Anthericum ramosum, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus erectus, and Inula salicina coexist in one region, each dominating some sites, and have similar habitat affinities and ecological optima.

Location

Dry grasslands of northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, Europe.

Methods

We assessed interspecific competition at the end of each year of a three‐year garden experiment, in all pairwise combinations of species and in a mixture of all species, using multiple competition designs to test for robustness of the observed competitive outcomes. We replicated the experiment in soils from two localities, differing in structure and chemical composition.

Results

Based on a single harvest at the end of the experiment, Brachypodium was the strongest competitor, both in terms of competitive effect and competitive response, and Bromus and Inula the weakest. However, the competition outcomes changed over time: during the first two experimental years, Bromus was the strongest competitor, followed by Inula. Competitive outcomes also depended on soil origin: Bromus was a stronger competitor when grown in soil resembling soil at the sites it naturally dominates while Inula showed the opposite pattern.

Conclusions

We showed that variation in competitive abilities of individual species over time, under different competition scenarios and in soils of different origin provide the opportunities for each species to locally dominate over the others.
Prison‐based interventions are key to achieving HCV elimination among people who inject drugs in New South Wales, Australia: A modelling study
Authors: Stone Jack , Lim Aaron G. , Dore Gregory J. , Borquez Annick , Geddes Louise , Gray Richard , Grebely Jason , Hajarizadeh Bezhad , Iversen Jenny , Maher Lisa , Valerio Heather , Martin Natasha K. , Hickman Matthew , Lloyd Andrew R. , Vickerman Peter
Published: October 2022

Background & Aims

People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high incarceration rates which are associated with increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission risk. We assess the importance of prison‐based interventions for achieving HCV elimination among PWID in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods

A model of incarceration and HCV transmission among PWID was calibrated in a Bayesian framework to epidemiological and incarceration data from NSW, incorporating elevated HCV acquisition risk among recently released PWID. We projected the contribution of differences in transmission risk during/following incarceration to HCV transmission over 2020–2029. We estimated the past and potential future impact of prison‐based opioid agonist therapy (OAT; ~33% coverage) and HCV treatment (1500 treatments in 2019 with 32.9%–83.3% among PWID) on HCV transmission. We estimated the time until HCV incidence reduces by 80% (WHO elimination target) compared to 2016 levels with or without prison‐based interventions.

Results

Over 2020–2029, incarceration will contribute 23.0% (17.9–30.5) of new HCV infections. If prison‐based interventions had not been implemented since 2010, HCV incidence in 2020 would have been 29.7% (95% credibility interval: 22.4–36.1) higher. If current prison and community HCV treatment rates continue, there is an 98.8% probability that elimination targets will be achieved by 2030, with this decreasing to 10.1% without current prison‐based interventions.

Conclusions

Existing prison‐based interventions in NSW are critical components of strategies to reduce HCV incidence among PWID. Prison‐based interventions are likely to be pivotal for achieving HCV elimination targets among PWID by 2030.
“A Fatherland worth living in”: Anarchism, citizenship and nation in Bolivia, 1900–1941
Authors: Margarucci Ivanna
Published: October 2022

This paper analyses the particular role played by anarchism in early 20th century discussions concerning the Bolivian nation and citizenship. Based on a diverse corpus of documents and extended specialised literature, I will argue that between the 1920s and 1940s the local anarchist movement took part in these debates by rejecting the Creole oligarchy's definition of the nation and proposing one of its own. Ideologically, this intervention meant imagining a different, more inclusive national community made up of racialised and gendered identities. Practically, it implied fighting against internal colonialism, struggling for equal citizenship, and defending the ethnic and gender identity and human dignity of mestizos, cholas, and indigenous people. By reconstructing these debates and some anarchist “ethno‐classist” struggles of the period, I approach the anticolonial orientation of Bolivian anarchism, and more generally, examine a historical experience in which subaltern subjectivities intervened in nation‐building away from a statist, Western and patriarchal path.
Banal and everyday (inter)nationalism: French and Italian anarchist exiles in London, 1870s–1914
Authors: Bantman Constance , Di Paola Pietro
Published: October 2022

This article explores the anarchists' multilayered theoretical and practical engagement with the concepts and performance of nations, nationalism and national belonging, by applying the frameworks of banal nationalism (understood as an ideology) and everyday nationhood (the daily practices in which nation and nationhood are enacted) as analytical categories, to investigate the Italian and French anarchist exile groups in London between 1870 and 1914. Adopting these theoretical categories proves fruitful in probing the anarchists' perception and enactment of the idea of nation and national belonging, contributing to the literature on the relationship between pre‐1914 socialist movements and (inter)nationalism and highlighting the specificity of anarchism therein. Using Fox and Miller‐Idriss's four categories of everyday nationhood, we show that while the anarchists explicitly subverted the everyday performance of nationhood, redeploying it along internationalist lines, some forms of attachment to the national did endure and were in fact not always contradictory with anarchist internationalism. Looking at the exilic rituals of this intensely diasporic group thus complicates the simplistic but still pervasive view of a monolithic ideological internationalism and rejection of the national on the part of anarchists.
Do eating behavior traits predict energy intake and body mass index? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dakin Clarissa , Beaulieu Kristine , Hopkins Mark , Gibbons Catherine , Finlayson Graham , Stubbs R. James
Published: October 2022

At present, it is unclear whether eating behavior traits (EBT) predict objectively measured short‐term energy intake (EI) and longer‐term energy balance as estimated by body mass index (BMI). This systematic review examined the impact of EBT on BMI and laboratory‐based measures of EI in adults (
18 years) in any BMI category, excluding self‐report measures of EI. Articles were searched up until 28th October 2021 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science. Sixteen EBT were identified and the association between 10 EBT, EI and BMI were assessed using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Other EBT outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias was assessed with the mixed methods appraisal tool. A total of 83 studies were included (mean BMI = 25.20 kg/m2, mean age = 27 years and mean sample size = 70). Study quality was rated moderately high overall, with some concerns in sampling strategy and statistical analyses. Susceptibility to hunger (n = 6) and binge eating (n = 7) were the strongest predictors of EI. Disinhibition (n = 8) was the strongest predictor of BMI. Overall, EBT may be useful as phenotypic markers of susceptibility to overconsume or develop obesity (PROSPERO: CRD42021288694).
The effect of temperature on fish swimming and schooling is context dependent
Authors: Kuruvilla Maria , Dell Anthony , Olson Ashley R. , Knouft Jason , Grady John M. , Forbes Jacob , Berdahl Andrew M.
Published: October 2022

Temperature is highly influential on the physiology and behaviour of ectotherms. In fish, temperature affects social interactions such as schooling behaviour, a common defence against predation. However, the effect of temperature on the ability of schooling fish to collectively respond to a predator is unknown. Here we used a loom stimulus to simulate an approaching predator that elicited a fleeing response in schooling fish over a range of water temperatures (9–29°C) and group sizes (1–16 fish). While speed and acceleration always exhibited a positive curvilinear response to temperature, the optimal temperature at which performance peaked was different during the predation threat versus when they were unperturbed. Similarly, group‐level metrics were sensitive to temperature immediately after a loom stimulus but showed no response to temperature during unperturbed swimming. The time taken for fish to respond to the loom stimulus was minimal at 20°C. The proportion of fish that startled, during a loom, peaked at 13°C – around the same temperature at which speed, and acceleration was maximum. Taken together, our results suggest that ectothermic fish may be able to compensate for their slower swim speeds at lower temperatures during unperturbed swimming by increasing their sensitivity to startle in response to a predation threat. More generally, we show that in ectotherms the qualitative and quantitative effect of temperature on a behavioural trait may be dependent on the context.
Neonatal toxic shock syndrome‐like exanthematous disease: A French case series
Authors: Gerard Rémy , Lehours Philippe , Boralevi Franck , Sarlangue Jean
Published: October 2022

Neonatal toxic shock syndrome‐like exanthematous disease (NTED) was first described in Japan in the 1990s. It results from the secretion of superantigenic toxins by Staphylococcus aureus. Diagnostic criteria include generalized macular erythema and at least one of the following three features: fever (>38°C), thrombocytopenia (<150,000/mm3), low positive C reactive protein (10–50 mg/L) in the absence of another known disease process. We herein describe four cases from France, involving both MSSA and “Geraldine” MRSA. This report aims to bring this underdiagnosed disease to the attention of pediatricians and infectious disease specialists, to improve the management of affected newborns.
An appraisal of technical variant grafts compared to whole liver grafts in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Multicenter analysis from the SPLIT registry
Authors: McElroy Lisa M. , Martin Abigail E. , Feldman Amy G. , Ng Vicky L. , Kato Tomoaki , Reichman Trevor , Valentino Pamela L. , Anand Ravinder , Anderson Sarah G. , Sudan Debra L. ,   the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Research Committee
Published: October 2022

Background

Shortages of liver allografts for children awaiting transplantation have led to high LT waitlist mortality. Prior studies have shown that usage of TVG can reduce waiting time and waitlist mortality, but their use is not universal. We sought to compare patient and graft survival between WLG and TVG and to identify potential associated risk factors in a contemporary pediatric LT cohort.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of patient survival, graft survival, and biliary and vascular complications for LT recipients <18 years old entered into the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation prospective multicenter database.

Results

Of 1839 LT recipients, 1029 received a WLG and 810 received a TVG from either a LD or a DD. There was no difference in patient survival or graft survival by graft type. Three‐year patient survival and graft survival were 96%, 93%, and 96%, and 95%, 89%, and 92% for TVG‐LD, TVG‐DD, and WLG, respectively. Biliary complications were more frequent in TVG. Hepatic artery thrombosis was more frequent in WLG. Multivariate analysis revealed primary diagnosis was the only significant predictor of patient survival. Predictors for graft survival included time‐dependent development of biliary and vascular complications.

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in patient and graft survival based on graft types in this North American multi‐center pediatric cohort. Widespread routine use of TVG should be strongly encouraged to decrease mortality on the waitlist for pediatric LT candidates.
Increased risk of infections in pediatric Fontan patients after heart transplantation
Authors: Ahmed Humera , Lee Joanne , Bernstein Daniel , Rosenthal David , Dykes John , Lee Donna , Barkoff Lynsey , Weinberg Kenneth , Hollander Seth A. , Chen Sharon
Published: October 2022

Background

Infectious complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after HT. Fontan patients may be more susceptible to post‐HT infections.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric patients undergoing HT for FF physiology or DCM, who underwent induction with ATG. The primary endpoint was an infection in the first 180 days post‐HT, defined as positive (1) blood/urine/respiratory culture; (2) viral PCR; (3) skin or wound infection; and/or (4) culture‐negative infection if ≥5 days of antibiotics were completed. Secondary endpoints included (1) cell counts after ATG; (2) PTLD; and (3) rejection (≥Grade 2R ACR or pAMR2) in the first 180 days post‐HT.

Results

A total of 59 patients (26 FF, 33 DCM) underwent HT at 14.7 (IQR 10.6, 19.5) and 11.7 (IQR 1.4, 13.6) years of age, respectively. The median total ATG received was 7.4 (IQR 4.9, 7.7) vs 7.5 (IQR 7.3, 7.6) mg/kg (p = NS) for FF and DCM patients, respectively. Twenty‐three patients (39%) developed an infection 180 days post‐HT, with a higher rate of infection in FF patients (54% vs 27%, p = .03). Adjusted for pre‐transplant absolute lymphocyte count, FF patients had a higher risk of infection at 30 days post‐HT (OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.13–51.48, p = .04). There was no difference in the incidence of PTLD (12% vs 0%; p = .08) or rejection (12% vs 21%; p = .49).

Conclusion

Compared to DCM patients, FF patients have a higher risk of infection. Modifications to induction therapy for FF patients should be considered.
The weight of the crowd, social information credibility, and firm strategy
Authors: Ghosh Bikram P. , Galbreth Michael R.
Published: October 2022

When considering a purchase, consumers often augment their private information about a product with anonymous online social information (reviews, etc.). We examine the impact on firm strategy of how consumers weight these two information sources—private and social—in their purchase decisions. An increase in weight on private information always results in higher prices at the interior equilibrium. However, the effects on profits, consumer, and total surplus are nonmonotonic: all increasing with the weight on private information when weight is high but decreasing when weight is low. Profit and surplus decrease with weight when weight is low because a marginal increase in a low weighting leads to a contraction of demand. The dynamic reverses when weight is high. Besides weighting of information sources, our model incorporates the questionable credibility of social information. A firm's optimal investment to improve social information credibility depends on whether consumers process information in a Bayesian or non‐Bayesian manner. We show that, compared to Bayesian consumers, non‐Bayesian consumers endogenously trust (distrust) social information from firms with high(low)‐positivity ratings. This distinction in information processing results in a stark contrast in how firms manage social information credibility: when facing Bayesian consumers, with an increase in the positivity of its social information, a firm with high(low) positivity spends less (more) to improve credibility. On the contrary, when facing non‐Bayesian consumers, a firm with high(low) positivity spends more (less) to improve credibility. Product quality also affects optimal credibility investment, following an inverted U‐shape.
Proximate Exposure to Conflict and the Spatiotemporal Correlates of Social Trust
Authors: Lewis Jacob S. , Topal Sedef A.
Published: October 2022

How does exposure to conflict events shape social trust? Research in political psychology predicts that conflict exacerbates group divisions, enhancing ingroup solidarities while simultaneously reducing outgroup trust. Experimental research has found support for these predictions, and yet measuring the impact of conflict on trust beyond the laboratory is difficult. For example, questions about the lasting salience of experimental treatments remain a challenge in the study of conflict. We develop an empirical strategy using geo‐coded individual‐level survey data from the Afrobarometer project and geo‐coded conflict‐event data. We draw spatial and temporal buffers around each survey respondent that allow us to test whether proximate exposure to conflict events correlates with lower social trust, as well as how far and long that salience lasts. We find that exposure to conflict reduces generalized and outgroup trust, as predicted. Contrary to our expectations, we find that it reduces ingroup trust. We investigate further and find that ingroup trust suffers most when respondents live in homogenous ethnic enclaves. Furthermore, we advance an argument that the effects of exposure to conflict are mitigated over distance and time. Our results indicate that the effect diminishes over both time and space.
What counts as evidence for policy? An analysis of policy actors' perceptions
Authors: MacKillop Eleanor , Downe James
Published: October 2022

Evidence plays a growing role in public administration worldwide. We analyze the perceptions of policy actors, using Q methodology and a structured questionnaire, which reveals four types of profiles. Most policy actors did not fit neatly into an Evidence‐Based Policy‐Making (EBPM) group. Instead, they either had a pragmatic view where context and policy issues influence what counts as evidence, an inclusive position which emphasized the importance of considering a range of different types of evidence, or a political perspective where power relations and politics influence what counts as evidence. Our research also illustrates how different actors in the same community can have different perceptions of evidence, and how this can change over time due to experience and career trajectory.
What is necessary for high employee engagement and satisfaction? A look at the best places to work in the Federal Government Index
Authors: Abner Gordon , Alam Arfa , Cho Heejin
Published: October 2022

Governments around the world, including the US federal government, are seeking ways to improve employee engagement, given that it has a positive impact on job performance and organizational performance. Unfortunately, scholars and practitioners have struggled to provide specific and actionable insights for fostering high employee engagement. We describe how data from the Best Places to Work in the Federal Government Index combined with Necessary Condition Analysis can be used to provide government leaders with practical advice for fostering high engagement and satisfaction in their agencies.
Bayesian Modelling Strategies for Borrowing of Information in Randomised Basket Trials
Authors: Ouma Luke O. , Grayling Michael J. , Wason James M. S. , Zheng Haiyan
Published: October 2022

Basket trials are an innovative precision medicine clinical trial design evaluating a single targeted therapy across multiple diseases that share a common characteristic. To date, most basket trials have been conducted in early-phase oncology settings, for which several Bayesian methods permitting information sharing across subtrials have been proposed. With the increasing interest of implementing randomised basket trials, information borrowing could be exploited in two ways; considering the commensurability of either the treatment effects or the outcomes specific to each of the treatment groups between the subtrials. In this article, we extend a previous analysis model based on distributional discrepancy for borrowing over the subtrial treatment effects (‘treatment effect borrowing’, TEB) to borrowing over the subtrial groupwise responses (‘treatment response borrowing’, TRB). Simulation results demonstrate that both modelling strategies provide substantial gains over an approach with no borrowing. TRB outperforms TEB especially when subtrial sample sizes are small on all operational characteristics, while the latter has considerable gains in performance over TRB when subtrial sample sizes are large, or the treatment effects and groupwise mean responses are noticeably heterogeneous across subtrials. Further, we notice that TRB, and TEB can potentially lead to different conclusions in the analysis of real data.
An evaluation of the self‐report instruments assessing self‐control: A systematic review
Authors: Gökalp Zeynep Şimşir , Haktanir Abdulkadir
Published: October 2022

Self‐control is regarded as a necessary trait in almost every aspect of human life. Numerous self‐control scales have been developed and utilized in various fields, but their psychometric characteristics have not been reviewed and evaluated. In this regard, the objective of this review is to identify and evaluate original self‐report self‐control measures. We examined relevant studies published before November 2021 using Web of Science, PsycArticles, ProQuest, and Medline electronic databases and conducted reference list searches. Then, we selected a total of 34 measures that met the defined selection criteria and evaluated the quality of the instruments using the standards proposed by Terwee and colleagues. Overall, our findings demonstrated that no instruments received a perfect score; however, some performed better than others in quality assessment.
Identification of thermomechanical parameters based on the virtual fields method combined with the sampling moiré method
Authors: Li Yangyang , Xie Huimin
Published: October 2022

Thermomechanical parameters are important indicators for evaluating the mechanical properties of superalloys and generally include the coefficients of stiffness and thermal expansion at high temperatures. At present, there are few methods for simultaneously characterising the thermomechanical parameters of superalloys, especially single‐crystal superalloys. To satisfy the demand for simultaneously identifying the thermomechanical parameters of orthotropic superalloys, an optimised virtual fields method for decoupling the thermomechanical parameters was developed in this study by combining the self‐developed heat‐resistant grids and the sampling moiré method. First, several factors, including the oblique angle of the grids, image noise and thermomechanical coupling phenomena, were studied through numerical experiments to analyse their influences on the identification accuracy. Then, an optimised identification strategy was established. Finally, the thermomechanical parameters of Ni‐based polycrystalline and single‐crystal superalloys were successfully identified and comparatively studied. The identification results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly accurate and robust. This research will provide an effective way to accurately characterise the multiple parameters of superalloys at high temperatures.
A Neural Dynamic Model Perceptually Grounds Nested Noun Phrases
Authors: Sabinasz Daniel , Schöner Gregor
Published: October 2022

We present a neural dynamic model that perceptually grounds nested noun phrases, that is, noun phrases that contain further (possibly also nested) noun phrases as parts. The model receives input from the visual array and a representation of a noun phrase from language processing. It organizes a search for the denoted object in the visual scene. The model is a neural dynamic architecture of interacting neural populations which has clear interfaces with perceptual processes. It solves a set of theoretical challenges, including the problem of keeping a nested structure in short‐term memory in a way that solves the problem of 2 and massive binding problem emphasized by Jackendoff. The model organizes a search for the objects that are referenced in that structure. We motivate the model, demonstrate simulation results, and discuss how it differs from related models.
Predicted landscape of RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED LxCxE‐mediated interactions across the Chloroplastida
Authors: León‐Ruiz Jesús A. , Cruz Ramírez Alfredo
Published: October 2022

The colonization of land by a single streptophyte algae lineage some 450 million years ago has been linked to multiple key innovations such as three‐dimensional growth, alternation of generations, the presence of stomata, as well as innovations inherent to the birth of major plant lineages, such as the origins of vascular tissues, roots, seeds and flowers. Multicellularity, which evolved multiple times in the Chloroplastida coupled with precise spatiotemporal control of proliferation and differentiation were instrumental for the evolution of these traits. RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED (RBR), the plant homolog of the metazoan Retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is a highly conserved and multifunctional core cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in the evolution of multicellularity in the green lineage as well as in plant multicellularity‐related processes such as proliferation, differentiation, stem cell regulation and asymmetric cell division. RBR fulfills these roles through context‐specific protein–protein interactions with proteins containing the Leu‐x‐Cys‐x‐Glu (LxCxE) short‐linear motif (SLiM); however, how RBR‐LxCxE interactions have changed throughout major innovations in the Viridiplantae kingdom is a question that remains unexplored. Here, we employ an in silico evo‐devo approach to predict and analyze potential RBR‐LxCxE interactions in different representative species of key Chloroplastida lineages, providing a valuable resource for deciphering RBR‐LxCxE multiple functions. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that RBR‐LxCxE interactions are an important component of RBR functions and that interactions with chromatin modifiers/remodelers, DNA replication and repair machinery are highly conserved throughout the Viridiplantae, while LxCxE interactions with transcriptional regulators likely diversified throughout the water‐to‐land transition.
MRI characteristics of ventral vertebral venous plexus occlusion due to lymphoma in a large breed dog
Authors: Gilbert Samantha , Brooks‐Brownlie Harriet , Cardy Thomas
Published: October 2022

Intravascular lymphoma is a rare presentation of lymphoma with a predilection to the central nervous system (CNS). A 9‐year‐old male‐neutered Collie presented with a 3‐month history of lymphadenopathy and a 6‐day history of an acute onset, progressive, painful, symmetrical L4‐S3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal extradural spinal cord compressions from L3 to L6 secondary to a bilaterally enlarged and occluded ventral vertebral venous plexus (VVVP). Histopathology revealed low‐grade lymphoma within the venous plexus in the lumbar vertebral column, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and tonsils. Intravascular lymphoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for enlarged VVVP causing compression of the spinal cord.