bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Обучающая роль территорий университетов, для получения практических навыков по садоводству и ландшафтной архитектуре
Authors: Ажам Батуль
Published: January 2022

В этой статье говорится об образовательной роли университетских земель, включая лаборатории, теплицы и ботанические сады, для приобретения студентами практических навыков в садоводстве и озеленении. Навыки и умения студентов, связанные с ботаническими садами, теплицами и лабораториями, включая знание классификации растений, садоводство и управление банками семян, имеют важное значение для усилий по восстановлению окружающей среды и для достижения научной и практической пользы для студентов и преподавателей.
Механизм поражения печени у больных инфекционным мононуклеозом различной этиологии
Authors: Гамаюнова Ю.А. , Цека Ю.С. , Чудакова Т.К. , Тарасов В.С. , Фоменко Д.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные патогенетические механизмы развития гепатитов при инфекционном мононуклеозе различной этиологии. Особое внимание уделено анализу различий в патогенезе повреждения печени основными возбудителями инфекционного мононуклеоза: цитомегаловируса, Эбштейна-Барр вируса. Проведен анализ современных данных, подтверждающих аутоиммунный компонент повреждения печени вирусом Эбштейна-Барр. В статье показаны механизмы сочетанного действия вирусов. Данный обзор позволит обосновать выраженность клинических проявлений гепатитов при инфекционном мононуклеозе смешанной этиологии.
К проблеме участия мелатонина слюны в биохимических процессах в полости рта и поддержании гомеостаза и аллостаза при пародонтите (на основе обзора литературных данных)
Authors: Каминская Л.А. , Труфанова Я.Ю. , Брусницына Е.В. , Закиров Т.В. , Муратова А.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье проведен анализ научных данных о действии мелатонина слюны в полости рта. Предложена схема, которая демонстрирует биохимические процессы с участием мелатонина,, препятствующие основным факторам развития патологических процессов в пародонте . Использованы 39 авторских источника из реферируемых научных статей
Обзор лекарственных растений, применямых в косметологии
Authors: Козонова З.Г.
Published: January 2022

Данная тема актуальна , так как Во все времена люди люди пытаются сохранять красоту и привлекательность. Благодаря людям появилась косметика. Косметикой называют средства ухода за кожей, волосами и т.д. Как известно, в состав любого косметологического средства могут входить болеет 50 ингредиентов, которые обладают различными свойствами. Как показала практика, при изготовлении косметических средств необходимо учитывать много аспектов: самое главное- исполнение основного предназначения, а затем уже запах, консистенция, удобство использования. При выборе темы меня заинтересовали лекарственные растении, применяемые в косметологии, а именно их присутствие в различных кремах для лица.
Ecological State of the SPNA «Sudzhuk Lagoon»
Authors: Knysh I.A. , Pikalova N.A. , Semеnova S.N.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the current ecological situation in the lagoon, as well as the changes caused by anthropogenic impact. The dynamics of tourists and the dynamics of vehicles in the adjacent territory, as well as the consequences of construction work (based on the study of the state of the protected area) were given in the research. It is necessary to take measures for the development of regulated sustainable recreational nature management.
Проблемы управления коммуникациями в проекте при осуществлении сотрудниками организации рабочей деятельности в условиях удаленной работы
Authors: Завьялова О.С.
Published: January 2022

В статье автор рассматривает коммуникационную проблематику осуществления проекта при переходе на удаленную работу в связи с новой Коронавирусной Инфекции.
Improving the Environmental Safety of Combustion Products in the Development of Designs of Magnetic-Electric Activators for Industrial Gas Combustion
Authors: Chelnokov Vitaliy V. , Zabolotnaya Elena , Matasov Aleksey V. , Glushko Andrey N. , Michailin Stanyslav V.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research was to examine the combustion process of the magnetic-electric activation of hydrocarbon-containing waste gases for heat generation. A method for analyzing the composition of the gases was also developed.
Keywords: industrial gas combustion, magnetic-electric activation, heat generation
Possibilities of Correction of Alimentary Status in the Era of Digitalisation
Authors: Musina Olga , Shetinin Mikhail
Published: January 2022

A balanced diet contributes to the prevention of nutritionallyrelated diseases. The purpose of this paperwas to demonstrate how tools of the digital economy could be used to help improve nutritional status, using the example of Microsoft Excel. To improve nutritional status, reliable digital information is needed on the content of macronutrients and micronutrients in raw materials and foodproducts. Then the correction of the diet or formulation of an individual product can be carried out. The database “Chemical composition of food raw materials and food products” was developed using Microsoft Excel; this database is a digital tool for quick and reliable information about the nutrient profile of Russian raw materials and food products. Itobtained official state registration under the number 2012620334. The database is a series of spreadsheets that are interconnected by common key fields. For each type of food raw material or food product, the database contains descriptors: the main chemical composition (mass fraction of water, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, mono- and disaccharides, starch, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fibre, ash, organic acids); minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron); vitamins (A, B1 , B2 , PP, C, beta-carotene, retinol equivalent, tocopherol equivalent, niacin equivalent); and energy value. Using the database can help to speed up and facilitate calculating individual and group diets and can assist in adjusting the nutritional status for healthier outcomes.
Keywords: healthy nutrition, nutritional status, chemical composition, database, digitalisation, Microsoft Excel
The Influence of Zn and Cd Accumulation on the Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants in the Impact Zone of the Novocherkassk Power Station
Authors: Chaplygin Victor , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Nevidomskaya Dina , Chernikova Natalia , Sherstnev Alexey
Published: January 2022

Over the pastdecade, particular attention has been paid to studies of the chemical composition of medical plants to identify the possible negative consequences of using raw plant material polluted with heavy metals for the production of medical drugs. In our study, we analyzed the chemical composition of the medical plants growing in the impact area of the Novocherkassk power station. Specifically, the plants Artemisia austriaca, Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repenswere examined for the analysis.The content and distribution of Zn and Cd, which are most distributed in industrial emissions and belong to the first class of hazardous elements, were measured. The maximum permissible content (MPC) of Zn in the raw material of Artemisia austriaca and Elytrigia repens was found, as was the maximum content of Cd in all analyzed plants growing in the 5km area around thepower station. The plant Artemisia austriacawasfound to have Zn and Cd accumulation in itsabovegroundcomponents, while in Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repens, accumulation was in the roots. The morphobiometric parameters of the plants were mostly dependent on the soil properties, followed by the degree of technogenic load. The content of Zn and Cd in the medical drugs was higher than the MPC without visible features of heavy metal pollution and so these plants weredangerous for human health.
Keywords: heavy metals, technogenic load, phytoreagents, morphometric parameters
The Effect of Pristine and Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on the Functions of Human Neutrophils
Authors: Timganova Valeria , Zamorina Svetlana , Bochkova Maria , Nechaev Anton , Khramtsov Pavel , Shardina Kseniya , Uzhviyuk Sofia , Rayev Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) is very useful for biomedicine, due to its physicochemical properties; therefore, its interaction with cells of the immune system has beenextensively studied. Many studies have aimed toreduce the undesirable effects of GO through chemical modification, including through polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating. Neutrophils are the first to respond to foreign object invasion in the body. Their main functions are the uptake and destruction of foreign particles, including with the help of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Our study aimed to investigate theengulfment of unmodified graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide coated with polyethylene glycol (GO-PEG) by human neutrophils and the effect of nanosheets on the production of ROS.We used sheets of GO (Ossila, Great Britain, average plate size 1-5 μm) and GO-PEG (569 ± 14 nm, PEG coating≈ 20%) at concentrations of 12.5μg/mL, 25μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL. The uptake of nanosheets was assessed by flow cytometry, taking into account the level of background adhesion of nanoparticles. ROS production was evaluated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LCL).It was found that GO (12.5μg/mL, 25μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL) was actively internalized by neutrophils, while the uptake of GO-PEG was not detected. GO and GO-PEG particles (25 μg/mLand 50 μg/mL) reduced the total production of ROS by human leukocytes.Thus, the modifying of GOnanosheets with PEG resulted in the abolishment of their active uptake by neutrophils but did not affect the GO inhibitory effect on their oxidative activity.
Keywords: graphene oxide surface modification, pegylated graphene oxide nanosheets, nanoparticle uptake, human neutrophils, of reactive oxygen species
Peculiarities of Using Plant Raw Materials in Breadmaking Technology
Authors: Novikova Zhanna Victorovna , Sergeeva Sophie Mikhailovna , Lavrinovich Dmitry Sergeevich , Maksimkin Anton Alexeyevich
Published: January 2022

This research examined the scientific basis for an integrated approach to broadening bread and flour products. The effect of chia seeds on the organoleptic and physical-chemical indicators of the ”sweet bun” (brioche) was studied to substantiate the use of plant raw materials in the technology of bread and flour product preparation.Chia seeds contain essential amino acids, vitamins (mainly B), minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc) and antioxidants, so it is possible to use chia seeds to obtain a product that combines high organoleptic properties and is also enriched with essential substances. The findings from the organoleptic evaluation of the test specimens indicated that the added ingredients significantly affected the appearance, crust color and crumb condition;however,there was no change in the taste and smell of the pastry. The effect of chia seeds on the quality of the products during storage was assessed. It was found that when using chia seeds in the amount of 10% of the mass of flour, after 24 hours the decline in taste, smell,crumb elasticity and friabilitywas less noticeable. In addition, the analysis of the chemical composition of the brioche bun showed thatthe products with chia seeds were highly nutritious. Thus, the content of dietary fiber in the model specimen wastwo times higher than the values of the control specimen (10% of the daily requirement); the content of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was equivalent to 87.9% and 19.2% of the daily requirement, respectively. The use of chia seeds in a butter bun recipe (brioche) therefore enables theexpansion of the range of food products enriched with essential ingredients.
Keywords: bread and flour products, sweet bun, brioche, chia seeds
Sunflower Seed Cake and Larvae MassRheological Properties Analysis During Pressing WithVarying Temperature, Pressure and Oil Content
Authors: Shorstkii Ivan , Gukasyan Alexandr , Koshevoi Evgeny , Kosachev Vyacheslav
Published: January 2022

For the successful implementation of alternative protein sourcesforbiorefinery, optimization of the process parameters is crucial. Knowledge of the rheological propertiesis necessary for the design and development of appropriate equipment and process calculations.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following pre-treatments: temperature, pressure andeffect of initial oil content on the rheological properties of sunflower seedcake and larvae tissue. The rheological behavior of two protein sourceswas determined by using a rotational viscometer with a hydraulic system and thermostatic bath attached to the equipment. Using the mathematical apparatus and experimental data it was observed that the plastic viscosity of the sunflower seed cake corresponded to the viscosity of the vegetable oil, which confirmed the Bingham rheology assumption put forward in this work. For the larvae mass, a Hershey Buckley fluid model was proposed.A positive linear relationship was found for pressure and a negativelinear relationship was found for the oil content of the sunflower seed cake and larvae tissue on shear stress.
Keywords: rheological property, sunflower seed cake, larvae, pulsed electricaldischarge, viscoplasticity flow, Bingham model, modelling
The Influence of the Agroecological Resources of Crimea on thePrimary and Secondary Metabolites of AligoteGrapes
Authors: Evgeniy Rybalko , Elena Ostroukhova , Natalia Baranova , Irina Peskova , Victoria Borisova
Published: January 2022

This research focused on examining the interrelationships between the natural conditions for growing grapes, as well as the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the harvest. These are important criteria for the scientifically grounded selection of a territory for planting a vineyard, selecting varieties and determining the use of the resulting products. The characteristics of six model vineyards of the Aligote cultivar, located in various natural zones and viticultural regions of the Crimea, were analyzed. The values of climatic indicators were calculated, including the growing degree days above 10∘C (∑Т ∘С10), growing degree days above 20∘C (∑Т ∘С20), Huglin index, Winkler index, average growing season temperature, average September temperature, ratio ∑Т ∘С20/∑Т ∘С10,total precipitation during the year, total precipitation during the growing season, total precipitation in September, and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. These were calculated usinggeoinformation and mathematical modeling for the locations of the analyzed vineyards. The content of the primary metabolites (total sugars, titrated acids and calculated indicators based on them) and secondary metabolites (phenolic components, oxidase activity) of grapes from the model vineyards were analyzed. The range of variation in the studied indicators within the analyzed territories was calculated, and the nature and magnitude of the relationships between the indicators were revealed. A cluster analysis of the analyzed vineyards was carried out and clusters were distinguished according to the degree of similarity in climatic parameters, as well as the content of the primary and secondary metabolites of the grapes.
Keywords: grapes, agroecological factors, primary and secondary grape metabolites, ampeloecological zoning, terroir
Metagenomic Profiles of the Intestinal Virome of Long-Livers
Authors: Starikova Elizaveta V. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Eudokimova Anastasia O. , Yeruslanova Ksenia A. , Gudkov Denis A. , Gudkov Denis A. , Kashtanova Daria A. , Kotovskaya Yulia V. , Tkacheva Olga N.
Published: January 2022

The microbial community of the human intestine is important for maintaining human health. It has been reported that the gut microbiome changes with age, and it can be enrichedwith certain beneficial bacteria while also losing certain commensal bacteria.Little is known about the gut virome of long-livers. Our research aimed to extract, sequence and analyze the viral fraction of long-livers’ gut microbiota in comparison with those of young adults and the elderly. We were thereby able to characterize the gut virome profiles and viral diversity of three age groups.
Keywords: aging, gut microbiome, viral metagenomics, bacteriophages
Designing a Biogas Plant for an Educational and Scientific Livestock Complex
Authors: Miroshnichenko Irina V. , Nikulina Nadiia V.
Published: January 2022

To design biogas plants, it is necessary to have accurate data about the properties and biogas productivity of the available substrates. Reference data should not be used because the performance of the same substrate can vary significantly. In this research,chicken, horse, sheep and rabbit manure from one of the farms inthe Belgorod region of Russia were analyzed, and the parameters of a biogas station for the processing of this raw material were calculated.The biogas yield of the substrates was determined using the Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test. It was found that the specific biogas yield from the droppings of broilers, laying hens, rabbits, sheep, and horses, and from corn silage were, respectively, 456, 363, 390, 189, 116 and 618 ml/g оDM. The methane content in the biogas was 58.00, 58.50, 57.00, 62.00, 65.00 and 53.60%, respectively. In most cases, the obtained results differed significantly from the data presented in publications of other researchers and reference books.The biogas plant parameter calculations were made according to generally accepted equations, taking into account the characteristics of the studied substrates. Based on the results, it can be concluded that to dispose of the animal excrement of this farm, it is necessary to build a biogas plant with a bioreactor of volume 102.2 m3 and an engine with a power of 12 to 31 kW. The planned output of electric and thermal energy would be 246.19 and 410.27 kWh/day, respectively.
Keywords: Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test, rabbit manure, horse dung, sheep manure, chicken droppings, biogas yield of substrates
The Development of a Technique for Sensitizing Cells of Various Origins for Biotechnological Purposes
Authors: Oleshkevich Anna , Yarygina Elena
Published: January 2022

The functional activity stimulation of cell cultures was tested in MDBK cell culture, photobacteria AliivibriofischeriandHalobacteriumhalobium. Theaim of the investigation was to increase the ”yield” of the cells using an environmentallysafe stimulant and membrane-tropic agent that isalso safe for the experimenter. Ultrasonicwaves were used.Experimental ultrasonic exposure varied within the following limits: time from 1 to 300 sec, SATA-intensity of 0.01–2.0 W/cm2, generation frequency of 0.88 or 2.64 MHz, standing or traveling wave. The modulation frequency range was within 0.1–150 Hz. The devices used were: UST-1-01F, UST-5 and UST1.02C. The modulating generators were G3–112 and CP–110.Stimulation of MDBK cell growth was initiated by US-intensity of 0.03–0.05 W/cm2 , with an exposure of 5–30 sec.Exposure to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.2–0.4 W/cm2 (for 3 min) had a stimulating effect on bioluminescence and was associated with an increase in the growth rate ofA. fischeri. The findings indicated that 0.4 W/cm2ultrasonic intensity and modulation frequencies from 0.25 to 0.7 Hz can stimulate the growth of archaea.It was revealed that the maximum proliferation index in all cases of stimulant application was noted in cultures with minimal initial proliferative activity in the control.The authors expect thatthese results on the possibilities of acoustic continuous and modulated waves can be applied for biotechnological purposes to develop a new biotechnological method.
Keywords: cell culture, ultrasound, proliferation, stimulation
Overview of Mycelial Fungi - Lignin Destructors
Authors: Afanasevna Ivanova Lyudmila , Andreevich FomenkoIvan , Alekseevna Churmasova Lyudmila , Pavlovna Kuzmicheva Tatyana
Published: January 2022

In this work, the following genuses of mycelial fungi, capable of producing ligninolytic enzymes of various actions, were considered:Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusariumand Altermaria. Fungi of the genus Aspergilluswere capable of producing laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase in the medium. Penicillium mostly produced laccase. Fusariumproduced laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase, manganesedependent peroxidase, manganese-independent peroxidase and lignin peroxidase. Alternariaproduced laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. The results demonstrated the possibility of using specific substrates in the study of enzyme activity, as well as the influence of some factors introduced into the medium on the synthesis of enzymes. The auxiliary influence of these fungi on the synthesis of ligninolytic enzymes in symbiosis with otherswas considered.
Keywords: mycelial fungi, ligninolytic enzymes, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Altermaria
A New Approach for Accurate Identification of Allele State Based on Real-Time PCR for Biomedical Tasks
Authors: Benaguev Ernest , Vladimirov Ivan , Pavlova Olga , Bogomaz Denis
Published: January 2022

Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is an important task in medicine, veterinary medicine and biology. Precise differentiation of SNPs can be challenging. Methods based onTaqman can lead to false positive results due to nonspecific annealing of the probe. The aim of this research was to develop a new approach for the accurate differentiation of SNPs based on real-time PCR with Taqmanprobes and their rivals.The rivals competed with the Taqmanprobes for annealing to the site. The rivals blocked the nonspecific allele so that the Taqmanprobe could not anneal to it. Thus,the Taqmanprobe only detected specific alleles.This approach madeit possible to fine-tune the diagnostic system by selecting the ratio of Taqmanprobes and rivals (in non-equimolar amounts too).The new approach was tested on several diagonally significant SNPs in veterinary medicine.Using Taqman probes and rival probes showed a significantly greater specificity and efficiency in the determination of both homozygotes and heterozygotes than when conventional systems based only on Taqmanwere used.
Keywords: SNP, allele identification, real-time PCR, fluorescent dye
The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the Production Characteristics and Biochemical Parameters of Tetraselmis Suecica in an Enrichment Culture
Authors: Kovalev Nikolai Nikolaevich , Leskova Svetlana Yevgenyevna , Mikheev Yevgeny Valeryevich , Pozdnyakova Yulia Mikhailovna , Esipenko Roman Vladimirovich
Published: January 2022

The use of gibberellic acid as a stimulator of microalgae growth has beensubstantiatedexperimentally.This research aimed to assess the effect of exposure to a wide range of gibberellic acid concentrations on the growth dynamics ofthe microalgaTetraselmissuecicain an enrichment culture. The duration of the experiments was 14 days. It has been shown that gibberellic acid,atconcentrations of 0.39–3.20× 10−8M, stimulates algaegrowth. In this research, the exposure to gibberellic acid at concentrations of 0.39–3.20 × 10−8M was accompanied by a variation in the pattern of growth curves: the maximum number of cells was recorded on day seven of the experiment. A higher concentration of the phytohormone (3.84 × 10−8М) inhibited the increase inculture density. The growth of theT. suecicaculture in the control group was 332%;the growth of the culture exposed to gibberellic acid at a concentration of 0.39 × 10−8M was1136%. The values of the specific growth rate ofT. suecicawere estimated for different periods of cultivation. On day14 of the experiment, the biochemical composition of microalgae biomass was analyzed.According to the results, gibberellic acid stimulated the accumulation of carbohydrates, proteins, and chlorophyll. Nevertheless, the phytohormone had no effect on lipidaccumulation. An assumption was made thatexposure to low concentrations of phytohormone stimulates the growth of microalgae by reducing the lag phase of growth.
Keywords: gibberellic acid, microalga, cultivation, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
Beverages and Desserts With Therapeutic and Prophylactic Properties Based on Alginate-Containing Biogel From Laminaria -- ``Vitalgar Cardio''
Authors: Kotelnikova Liliya Kh. , Podkorytova Antonina V. , Roshchina Anna N. , Shashkina I.A.
Published: January 2022

In this research, recipes were developed for beverages and desserts based on ”Vitalgar Cardio”, abiogelthat contains alginate, has therapeutic and prophylactic properties, and was produced from laminaria at the SPC ”Vita-Li” LLC. ”Vitalgar Cardio”, in its liquid form, as well as desserts based on it, is a source of soluble dietary fiber (alginates) and chemical elements such as potassium, magnesium and iodine, and is an adsorbent of various toxins, including radionuclides and heavy metals. The developed products have traditional appeal, with a focus on healthy nutrition, which is currently being promoted among the population.
Keywords: Lamibaria, Alginate, Fucoidan
Hypoglycemic Effects of Polyphenol Complexes from Bilberry Leaves and Fruits Sorbed on Brown Buckwheat Flour -- Experimental Evaluation and Prospects of Use
Authors: Petrov Nikita , Sidorova Yulia , Kochetkova Alla , Mazo Vladimir
Published: January 2022

The effects of plant polyphenols on carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism disorders have wide experimental and clinical justification; however, their effects are limited due to low bioavailability. Thus, the development of technological approaches enhancing their effectiveness and stability is relevant.The aim of this work was to evaluatein vivothe effects of polyphenols from bilberry leaves and fruits, sorbed on the brown buckwheat flour, on C57Bl/6c mice with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. We assessed in vivothe effect of a food matrix (FM1: bilberry leaf polyphenols sorbed on brown buckwheat flour) on C57Bl/6c mice with induced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. The aim of the second experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged prophylactic consumption of another food matrix (FM2: billberry fruit polyphenols, sorbed on brown buckwheat flour) by C57Bl/6c micewith induced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. Technological approaches were developed and pilot batches of the food matrices FM1 and FM2were obtained. According to the in vivo testing, a significant decrease in the glucose levels and normalization of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found in animals treated with FM1. When assessing the in vivo effects of FM2, the hypoglycemic effect of bilberry fruit polyphenols in the composition of the matrix was established. The results of these studies can be used to justify the testing of the developed matrices in a clinical setting and using them as functional food ingredients for preventative nutrition in cases of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
Keywords: polyphenols, food matrix, functional food ingredient, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism
The Influence of Transglutaminase on Minced Muscular Fish Tissue Structure Formation After the Application of Various Protein Substrates
Authors: Pivnenko Tatyana , Karpenko Julia , Krashchenko Viktoria
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to examine the effect of a microbial transglutaminase preparation (Activa® GS, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Japan) on the structure formation of the myofibrillar protein system of a deep-sea fish species – the giant grenadier – after the addition of various protein substrates. The low content of proteins and their low water-holding capacity in this fish, subjected to various processing methods, leads to significant losses in the initial mass and decreased gelation ability in the muscle tissue system. Various concentrations of transglutaminase were used but these did not ensure the restructuring of the initial muscle tissue of the grenadier. Additional protein substrates with different molecular weights and amino acid composition were added, including gelatin, milk casein, hydrolysates of the skin and milt of the fish, and whole bivalves, which were used to create a firm structure. It was shown that the introduction of gelatin and casein at a concentration of 5% led to the formation of a firm, thermostable structure under the action of the enzyme, while hydrolyzed proteins with low molecular weight at their various concentrations enhanced the expression of water and formation of the fluid consistency. The ability of gastrointestinal tract proteases (pepsin and trypsin) to digest did not depend on the formation of protein-to-protein cross-linking in these combined products. The influence on the growth of the Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliates test culture also showed the high degree of product availability. The technology of molded products based on fermented minced muscle tissue of grenadier with added casein, both in the form of semi-finished products and in the form of ready-to-eat products, was developed.
Keywords: transglutaminase, muscle tissue, structure formation, deep-sea fish
Energy rationale for the Use of the Thermophilic Mode of Anaerobic Bioconversion of Liquid Organic Waste in the Climatic Conditions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovalev Andrey A. , Kovalev Dmitriy A. , Litti Yuri V. , Katraeva Inna V. , Nozhevnikova Alla N.
Published: January 2022

The transition of livestock production to industrial processes and the concentration of animals associated with this process on large farms and complexes has caused a sharp increase in the volume of manure that must be disposed of without pollution. One of the ways of processing organic waste (biomass) is its anaerobic digestion in biogas plants through the vital activity of microorganisms (methanogenesis).Biogas obtained using microbiological processing of biomass can be used as a raw material for heat and electric energy. Annually, 0.17% of the total livestock manure produced at Russian agricultural enterprisesis used for biogas production.The main component of a biogas plant is a manure fermentation reactor, the required volume of which is determined by the daily output of manure from the livestock farm, the temperature and the hydraulic retention time of treatment. This research explored thermal energy consumption of biogas plants, using the example of a biogas plant of a modular design that depended on the average annual outdoor temperature. Based on the calculations, the thermophilic mode was found to be more energy-efficient than the mesophilic one; thus, with the thermophilic mode, the specific energy consumption needed for the plant was lower at the average annual outdoor temperatures of all the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the specific biogas yield in the thermophilic regime was 20-50%higher than in the mesophilic regime.
Keywords: anaerobic processing, agricultural waste, thermophilicmode, mesophilicmode, energy costs, energy rationale
A Model for SynbioticActivity Evaluation: Static and Continuous Co-Culture Fermentation of BifidobacteriumAdolescentis ATCC 15703 and Bacillus Cereus ATCC 9634
Authors: Evdokimova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Nokhaeva Vera Stanislavovna , Karetkin Boris Alekseevich , Shakir Irina Vasilievna , Panfilov Viktor Ivanovich
Published: January 2022

In this study, the ability of a probioticstrain (BifidobacteriumadolescentisATCC 15703) to inhibit the growth of the common food contaminantBacilluscereusATCC 9634was studied, both individually and as part of a synbiotic with FOS during batch or continuous fermentation (flow fermentation). The conditions of the flow fermentation corresponded to the parameters of the human large intestine: maintaining a pH of 6.8; anaerobiosis; and a medium flow rate of 0.04 h−1. Bifidobacteria and bacilli were co-cultivated on a prebiotic carbohydrate substrate (10 g/L) and the prebiotic was replaced with glucose (10 g/L).The results of the batch and flow fermentation were compared.The synbiotic efficacy of the probioticBif. adolescentisand the prebiotic FOSagainst the common food contaminantBac. cereuswas shown for all conditions. Fermentation of a pure culture of bifidobacteria with varying prebiotic concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/L) was carried out to study the state of dynamic balance. It was demonstrated that 48 hours is enough to achieve stable dynamic balance.Prebiotics were co-cultivated with varying carbohydrate concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/L.The results showed that increasing the prebiotic concentration increased the duration of the lag-phase and reduced the final number of bacilli.
Keywords: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, gastrointestinal tract modeling, antagonism, co-culture fermentation
Investigating Antisense Transcription at the HTT Locus
Authors: Elisaphenko Eugeny A. , Malakhova Anastasia A.
Published: January 2022

Antisense transcription is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation. Antisense RNAs play a role in mRNA processing, translation and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones in the locus of their origin, leading to gene silencing. HTT is a widely expressed gene, the mutation of which causes Huntington’s disease. The product of the gene plays an important role in many cell processes, such as intracellular trafficking, cell division, autophagy, and others. An antisense transcription has been found at the HTT 5’-region. The HTT-AS gene has been reported to affect HTT expression in a Dicer-dependent manner. In this study, we analyzed extensive data from RNA-seq experiments for antisense transcription at the HTT locus. Antisense transcripts corresponding to the HTT-AS gene were not found. However, we revealed a number of antisense transcripts in different parts of the locus that may take part in the regulation and functioning of the HTT gene.
Keywords: antisense transcription, HTT-AS, HTTregulation, Huntington’s disease
The Rehydration Ability of Whey Ingredients
Authors: Ponomarev Arkady N. , Melnikova Elena I. , Bogdanova Ekaterina V. , Paveleva Daria A.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research was to studythe ability of whey protein concentrates (WPC) and whey permeate produced with ultrafiltration of cheese whey to rehydrate. The products studied were cheese whey concentrate witha PDM percentage of 80% (WPC-80), and cheese whey permeate, both produced under the conditions of the PJSC Dairy “Voronezhsky”.WPC-80 and the whey permeate dissolution processes were studied using microscopy. Water-impermeable hydrophobic layers were formed at the boundary, preventing water penetration into dry particles. The result was a higher dissolution timeforWPC-80 compared with whey permeate. When WPC-80 came into contact with water,it initially formed an obtuse wetting angle with a slow change over time. Whey permeate reached the equilibrium wetting angle more quickly. Quickreconditioning of WPC moisture content required avoiding capillary penetration of water, which created a turbulent liquid flow. The application of these ingredients in different food industry areas can reduce the costs for finished products, contribute to cost-effectiveness, increase the total production, and reduce environmental risks.
Keywords: whey protein concentrate, whey permeate powder, water-wetting, dissolution
Use of Polyguanidine-Derivatives-Based Biocides for Microbial Growth Inhibition and for the Development of a Novel Polyethylene-Based Composite Material Resistant to the Formation of Multispecies Microbial Biofilms
Authors: Zhurina Marina , Gannesen Andrei , Martyanov Sergey , Kallistova Anna , Gerasin Victor , Sivov Nikolai , Tikhomirov Vsevolod , Myint Ahkar Kaung , Plakunov Vladimir
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to investigate the dependence of the biocidal activity of polyguanidine (co)polymers on their structure during the formation of biofilms by active PE-degrading cultures of model microorganisms. The Bc-2 copolymer of methacryloyl guanidine hydrochloride (MGHC) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), which suppressed both the formation of biofilms and the growth of planktonic cultures, exhibited the highest activity. When PE was exposed in tropical soil, the composition of the microbial community on the PE surface differed significantly from that of the community in the surrounding soil. In particular, the proportion of Actinobacteria increased from 7% to 29%, while the proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased from 38% to 8%.
Keywords: biofilms, polyhexamethylene guanidine salts, dynamics of biofilm formation, antibiofilm effect, composite materials
Prospects for Knockout of MYB60, a Transcriptional Repressor of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis, in Brassicaceae Plants by Genome Editing
Authors: Mikhaylova Elena , Artyukhin Alexander , Shein Michael , Musin Khalit , Sukhareva Anna , Kuluev Bulat
Published: January 2022

The Brassicaceae plant family contains many economically important crops such as Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Brassica oleracea L., Brassica juncea L., Eruca sativa Mill., Camelina sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L. Insufficient data on the genetic regulation of agronomic traits in these species complicates the editing of their genomes. In recent years, the attention of the academic community has been drawn to anthocyanin hyperaccumulation. This trait is not only beneficial for human health, but can also increase plant resistance to stress. MYB transcription factors are the main regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Some of them are well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. The AtMYB60 gene is a transcriptional repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it also negatively impacts plant responses to drought stress. Myb60 is one of the least studied transcription factors with similar functions in Brassicaceae. There is a high degree of homology between predicted MYB60 genes of A. thaliana and related plant species. However, functions of these homologous genes have never been studied. Gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas technology remains the easiest way to perform genome editing in order to discover the role of individual plant genes. Disruption of genes acting as negative regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis could result in color staining of plant tissues and an increase in stress tolerance. In the present study, we investigated the AtMYB60 gene and its homologs in Brassicaceae plants and suggested universal gRNAs to knockout these genes.
Keywords: CRISPR, Brassicaceae, MYB60, knockout, anthocyanin
Revitalizing Strategic Agility in a Turbulent Environment: A Conceptual Discourse
Authors: Godwin Poi, , Sorbarikor Lebura
Published: January 2022

This paper conceptually examined revitalizing strategic agility in a turbulent environment. In the current turbulent and highly competitive environment of today, agility, that is the ability of organizations to quickly sense and respond to environmental changes, is an important determinant of organizational success. With the advancement of information technologies, company strategy focuses nowadays on sustainable competitive advantage, and gives importance to short-term advantages of flexibility and fast response. In the unpredictable and competitive world of today, organizations must have different competitive features to compete; otherwise, they will move towards annihilation. One of the capabilities that organizations need in the turbulent environments of today is agility. Strategic agility is the ability to continuously and adequately adjust and adapt in appropriate time the strategic direction in core business in relation to changing circumstances. Agility provides the organization with the possibility of quick response and compatibility with environment and allows the organization to improve its efficiency.  The paper is largely conceptual in nature and adopts a desk research methodology in reviewing extant literature. This study concludes that firms operating in dynamic environments must realize the need for change and adaptation and thereby stimulate their in developing agility that can better respond to a dynamic environment.
A Conceptual Forecasting Analysis of International Trade Aspects Based on Globalization Impact Issues
Authors: Kontsas Stamatis , Kalogiannidis Stavros
Published: January 2022

Global GDP is really important for trade, since the larger the global economy, the more goods and services available for trade. Global GDP grew by around two-thirds in real terms between 2000 and 2020 – or 2.6% per year on average.2020 saw some of the largest trade reductions and output volumes for both industrial production and goods trade since WWII. The year 2020 was marked by some of the largest reductions in trade and output volumes since WWII. The declines in both world industrial production and goods trade in the first half of 2020 were of similar depth to those at the trough of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). In addition, trade and production impacts across specific goods, services and trade partners were highly varied.

Initial pandemic-era expectations for a double-digit decline in world merchandise trade in 2020 did not materialise. Global trade turned out to recover from the shock at an extraordinarily fast pace from around mid-2020.
Cartographic Analysis of the Radon Situation in the Environment
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Apkin Renat N.
Published: January 2022

According to UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations), no less than 10% of lung cancer diseases registered annually are caused by radon radiation. Born in the belly of the earth, the same gas, a class I cancirogen, increases the risk of non-cancerous diseases of the upper respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases. The radon problem occupies an important place in the radioecological programs of the USA, Japan, Western Europe and Russia. However, the natural radiation varies in the background from location to location. In many countries, survey work is being carried out, including an assessment of the intensity of the radon hazards of sites allocated for construction. In Russia, the Radiation Safety Standards are stipulating that the concentration of radon in the air of residential premises should not exceed 200 Bq/m3; in Sweden, the maximum radon concentration is taken as 100 Bq/m3, in Finland and Canada - 400 Bq/m3, and in Germany and Great Britain - 200 Bq/m3. It is necessary to carefully choose the constructive site, with the minimum concentration of radon in the soil. Our purpose is to carry out a cartographic analysis of radon intake from soil in the territory of Kazan. An important component is the creation of unique maps based on the measurement of radon escalation. The practical significance of the work lies in the application of the results for making management decisions, in engineering and environmental surveys, for conducting hygienic assessments, or simply being used by citizens for informational purposes.
The Association between Social Integration, Coping Mechanisms and Anxiety in Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors:   Faculty of Health, University of Vlora “Ismail Qemali”, Lalo Rezarta
Published: January 2022

Recently, mental health issue and chronic physical condition are substantially linked and this comorbidity is likely to increase.Patient focusing in the self-care activities is an important component in the mechanism of coping with chronic disease with a significant impact on clinical and psychological outcomes. In this context, the current study is conducted to assess the impact of self-care and social integration mechanisms on anxiety levels among patients with chronic non-communicable diseases.This observational study of cross-sectional design was performed in the pathology service of Fier city hospital, in Albania during August-September 2020. To assess the level of anxiety, we used the scale of 7 items of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) with a score of ≥10 indicating GAD. Subscales of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) were used in order to evaluate social integration and self-care mechanism. The data were entered into the statistical program SPSS, version 23. The regression analysis is performedto examine the relationship between variables. The findings revealed that 56% of participants had GAD, 47% of participants were unable to self-monitor the disease, while 89% of them didnot performe any type of physical activity. The scale of anxiety was significantly associated with variables of Self–monitoring (p=0.000<0.05; OR=0.10) and Social integration (p=0.000<0.05; OR=21.4). These findings address the need to support peoplewho struggle with chronic non-communicable diseases developing adaptive ways to deal with their chronic condition and improve their lifestyle for better overall health.
Internal Direction versus Outer Direction in Romanian and German Advertising
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Lavrits Patrick
Published: January 2022

People try to control and dominate their environment or are dominated by it. This is related to how they try to handle their existence. Personal, individual life is very important in cultures where self-control is common. People are convinced that they can control nature by imposing their will. In cultures characterized by outer control, nature is considered much stronger than the individual. People see themselves as part of nature and want to live in harmony with nature. People believe that they cannot determine their own destiny, as it is influenced by external circumstances.
Interference with Freedom of Expression
Authors:   Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences, Romania, Nemţoi Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Established as a personal right, the right to free speech implies obligations and duties, which may generate possible restrictions. Freedom of expression works correctly in a legal framework when it comes to a legitimate aim in a state law. Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Convention explains the conditions under which the right to freedom of expression is justified by the need to protect certain public interests (such as those relating to national security, the territorial space of the state, public order, the prevention of crimes, the protection of health and social morals, the guarantee of authority and the impartiality of the judiciary) but also to protect certain private interests, such as reputation and the rights of others. persons or the need to prevent the publication of secret information. This paragraph basically authorizes states to take certain measures to protect those interests, which materialize through rules and normative rules of the right to conscience, opinion and freedom of expression States enjoy a margin of appreciation for establishing the need for such reactions in a state governed by the rule of law, but in the end it is also up to the European Court of Human Rights to rule on the compatibility of interference with the provisions of the Convention, assessing on a case-by-case basis if the interference arises as a result of the urgent social issues and whether it is fair.
Violations of Private Life
Authors:   Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania, Nemţoi Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Private life it is essential is a right, along with other rights, shapes the human being, giving it value and identity. In this consensus, the legislator through the Romanian civil code sought to impose a series of deeds aimed at infringing on private life. Thus, the listed facts can be considered as violations of private life only subject to the presented of Civil Code (Romanian Civil Code, 2009). This means that the facts indicated in art. 74 of Civil Code they cannot be qualified under any circumstances as violations of private life, but only if they are not among the violations allowed by the international conventions and pacts ratified by Romania. More specifically, those acts do not attract civil liability (payment of compensation, etc.) if they have infringed the particular life allowed under the Convention and the jurisprudence of the ECHR. The private life must be protected and guaranteed by establishing and identifying actions that are prejudicial. The article is a study that in of regulations standards demonstrate violations of the right to life. Comparative development of ECHR case law pointed out that although there is a solid legislative framework, the right to life can be violated.