bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPORTÂNCIA DA TRANSMISSÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS ESPECÍFICOS DE CIÊNCIAS, ANATOMIA E FISIOLOGIA HUMANA A VISITANTES DE UMA EXPOSIÇÃO DE MAQUETES ANATÔMICAS
Authors: Pedrozzani Ana Claudia , Olimpio da Silva Ariádine , Garcia Patricío Juliana , Castelini Hellen , Campos Paula , Barbosa Carmem Patrícia
Published: November 2016

A biologia é a ciência que estuda os seres vivos em relação às suas origens evoluções e funcionamentos, bem como a interação dos mesmos ao ambiente onde vivem. A anatomia é a ciência que estuda as estruturas do corpo humano e suas inter-relações. A fisiologia complementa a compreensão do corpo humano ao abordar aspectos referentes ao funcionamento de estruturas individuais e em conjunto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo 1) Demonstrar aspectos referentes à morfofisiologia de órgãos do corpo humano a alunos do ensino fundamental e médio de algumas escolas públicas de Maringá-PR complementando o ensino de ciências e 2) Montar uma exposição de maquetes anatômicas aberta à visita pública em geral, e ao final, realização de um questionário avaliativo. Os alunos participantes do projeto confeccionaram maquetes e prepararam uma apresentação específica, em linguagem adequada, direcionada aos estudantes destas instituições de ensino. Posteriormente, os mesmos montaram uma exposição das peças por eles confeccionadas as quais foram expostas na própria instituição de ensino superior à qual os alunos estavam vinculados. Conclui-se que, de forma geral, exposições de trabalhos científicos inovam a maneira de se obter e transmitir conhecimento uma vez que vão além da abordagem teórica. Portanto, tanto os envolvidos na confecção e apresentação da exposição, quanto os que visualizam o trabalho exposto são gratificados com conhecimento específico sobre o tema abordado.
Free Vibration Analysis of Building Considering Soil Structure Interaction
Authors: Beegam Thaiba T. , Sebastian Tissa
Published: November 2016

Modeling and design of foundation are always done without considering the effect of stiffness of the soil. In the conventional non-interaction analysis of building frame settlements are calculated without considering the influence of the structural stiffness. Therefore a modeling and interaction analysis of soil structure interaction will help to find soil stiffness and effects of soil structure interaction on structure. In this paper, soil structure interaction analysis of a symmetric space frame of 2 bays in both x and y direction are assessed with SAP 2000 software. The frame is modeled with different storey resting on raft foundation with fixed base and flexible base. Three types of soil, i.e. hard, medium, and soft soil are used for Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) study. MODAL analysis is carried out to illustrate the effects of soil-raft-structure interaction on the response of structures. The Soil is considered as Winkler model and elastic continuum model. The developed methodology is validated with results available in the literature. The effects of SSI on frequency of modal are studied. The comparison is carried out the frame with different base conditions.The frequency of the building was found to be decreased when SSI was considered.
Numerical Analysis of Thin Plates with Holes
Authors: Gokul P.V. , Kuriakose Bennet , Kurian Salini Theres N.
Published: November 2016

Plates are the important structural members finding applications in the field of structural engineering, ship technology and aerospace engineering. Holes are often provided in the plates for the purpose of services and aesthetics. Pitting corrosion can also induce holes on the plates, thereby inducing stress concentration and redistribution of stress around the hole. In this paper, the popular finite element software ANSYS is used for the static analysis of thin plates with holes. The influence of shape and size of the hole on the stress distribution of plate is also analysed. The study can form foundation for strength assessment of steel plates with holes, especially residual strength of plates subjected to pitting corrosion.
State of the Art of Non-Linear Devices and Strategies for Vibration Control
Authors: Cherian Ciby Jacob , Madhavan Pillai T.M. , Sajith A.S.
Published: November 2016

Modern structures undergo considerably large responses when subjected to external loading owing to the tall, lighter and flexible nature of these structures. Due to this and the instability that may be induced, any vibrating system either civil or mechanical has the disability of being utilised to its maximum efficiency. This necessitates the response control of such structures and systems for many reasons. Different methods have been used for this response control from the past, which includes passive, active and hybrid control devices and strategies. Linear procedures and models used in this context have their own limitations since all real systems are basically nonlinear. This has been understood well in advance and hence, many control techniques have been devised to cater for non-linear behaviour from early mid-19th century. Predicting the post-yield behaviour of civil engineering structures as well as controlling their vibrations using non-linear systems are ever challenging problems, especially when subjected to random excitations such as wind and earthquake. This paper presents the state of the art of non-linear devices and strategies for vibration control of structures and systems. It briefly discusses the control strategies and devices used in practise emphasising the merits and demerits of each of them. The use of control devices with linear plus cubic spring, hyperbolic sine spring, Belleville non-linear softening spring in parallel with viscous damper for the control of vibration is presented. The use of frequency energy dependence in the design of absorber and the use of power absorption ratio and kinetic energy of non-linear oscillator for the design of non-linear absorber, which is vastly explored in the recent years are outlined. A newer but efficient method in modelling non-linear system by the use of nonlinear targeted energy transfer is also discussed.
Static and Free Vibration Analysis of Structures Composed of Functionally Graded Material with Random Material Properties
Authors: Komalan Aswathy , Krishnan Dhanya
Published: November 2016

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have mechanical properties that vary continuously from one phase to another within a confined volume. In general, these materials exhibit certain amount of scatter in their properties due to different factors. The dispersion in the response values of a structure is due to the scatter in the values of material properties and applied external load. For design purposes, it is essential to know the potential variations in the structural response due to the system material or external randomness. In the present work, free vibration and static analysis on FGM structures with material randomness are considered.
Effect of Nanoparticles on Strength and Durability Properties on Cement Mortar
Authors: Prathebha P. , Aswini Santhappan , Revathy J.
Published: November 2016

The nanotechnology provides an impact on construction industry materials with new properties and produce material with better performance. This paper presents the experimental investigation on the effects of nano particles incorporated in the cementitious materials to study the strength and durability properties of cement mortar. Nano particles such as nano alumina (NA), nano ferric oxide (NF) and nano silica (NS) were mixed at different proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by weight of binder in single and binary combinations. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength; durability properties such as water absorption and rapid chloride permeability test were tested as per standards. The results showed that 1.5% of the combination of nano silica & nano ferric oxide (NSF) and nano silica & nano alumina (NSA) particles increased the mechanical strength and durability properties of cement mortar. The microstructure characteristics results revealed that the nano particles incorporated cementitious materials showed the voids were filled up with nano particles. It acts as filler in cement mortar that enhanced a dense microstructure, reduced the quantity and size of calcium hydroxide and also filled the voids of C-S-H gel structure.
Experimental Investigation on Use of Shredded Thermocol to Formulate a Light Weight Concrete Mix for Concrete Filled GFRG Panels
Authors: Nandan Nandan A. , Renjith R.
Published: November 2016

Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels (GFRG) are hollow panels made from modified gypsum plaster and reinforced with chopped glass fibers. The hollow cores inside the walls can be filled with in-situ concrete/reinforced concrete or insulation material to increase the structural strength or the thermal insulation, respectively. GFRG panels can be unfilled when used as partition walls, but when used as load bearing walls, it is filled with M20 grade concrete (reinforced concrete filling) in order to resist the gravity and lateral loads. The study was conducted in two stages: First stage involves formulation of an alternate light weight mix to be used in the GFRG panels in lieu of M20 grade concrete by partial replacement of cement with phosphogypsum and fine aggregate with shredded thermocol and thereby conducting experimental investigations to obtain the optimum combination. In the second stage the above formulated mix is filled in GFRG panels and experimental investigations are conducted to evaluate the strength parameters and the results are compared with the panels filled with conventional M20 concrete mix. The results of the first stage of experimental investigations are presented in this paper.
Performance of Tailing Contaminated Soils Solidified by Phosphate-Based Binder
Authors: Wu Hao Liang , Du Yan Jun , Yang Yu You , Wei M.L.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a study on soils, from the Baoshan mining site, contaminated with heavy metals and stabilized by using a new phosphate-based binder. Unconfined compression test, sequential extraction procedure, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic procedures are carried out. This study aims to explore the effects of binder type, binder content and curing time of solidified contaminated soils on leaching and strength properties of the soils contaminated with heavy metals in the mining area. The results showed that as the curing time is increased from 0 d to 28 d, the new phosphate-based binder stabilized contaminated soil underwent several changes: 1) improved the strength and 2) decreased the exchangeable Zn and Pb and increased the residual contents.
Study on Dynamic Characteristic and Seismic Response of Long-Span Suspension Bridge with 1960 MPa Cable Wire
Authors: Wang Hao Lei , Ma Feng Jie , Zhu Chao
Published: November 2016

In order to break through the limitation of the width of river, depth of water, channel and etc., it is an optimal choice to construct a long-span suspension bridge. In a suspension bridge, the main cable is the major bearing member; and the use of super high strength cable wire can lighten the dead weight and obtain an economical design. 1960 Mpa cable wire is adopted by an under-construction suspension bridge, namely Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge, for the first time in China. In this paper, taking the Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge as a case-study, comparative analyses on dynamic characteristic and seismic response of long-span suspension bridge with 1960 Mpa cable wire are performed. Firstly, dynamic calculating model for Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge is built and its dynamic characteristics are studied; then by using response spectrum and time history analysis method, seismic response of Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge is investigated on the basis of design response spectrum and artificial seismic ground motions; finally, the energy dissipation performances of a seismic protection devices (viscous damper) are also discussed. The results show that long-span suspension bridge with 1960 Mpa cable wire has a longer natural vibration period; the use of viscous damper can effectively reduce the peak value of bending moment in stiffening girder. This paper can provide references for the project’s construction.
The Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite
Authors: Markovičová Lenka , Zatkalíková Viera
Published: November 2016

A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.
Corrosion Resistance of Nitric Acid Passivated Cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steel
Authors: Zatkalíková Viera , Markovičová Lenka
Published: November 2016

Austenitic stainless steels are considered materials with excellent corrosion resistance, and with acceptable mechanical properties. Therefore they are recommended for various constructional, industrial and biomedical applications. However they are prone to the pitting corrosion in aggressive chloride environments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AISI 316Ti stainless steel with nitric acid passivated surface at the temperature range 22 – 80 °C in 1M acidic chloride solution. Evaluation of the corrosion resistance is based on the results of exposition immersion tests (visual and microscopic observation of attacked surfaces, mass losses of specimens) and the results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests.
Particleboard with Inclusion Bi-Oriented Polypropylene Applied in Architecture
Authors: Bueno Marcus Antonio Pereira , Moizés Fábio A. , Valarelli Ivaldo D. , Dinhane Fernanda Christiane Rossetto , de Brito Celestino Valter Roberto , Pinholati Eugênio Rafael A.
Published: November 2016

This paper analyze the potentiality of using the BOPP (bi-oriented polypropylene), a byproduct of automotive battery labeling, in the bamboo particleboard production to be used in architecture projects. On this research, were studied both physical and mechanical properties according to the standards NBR 14810-3/2006 and ANSI A208.1/1999. The particleboards are produced in three traces: 75% bamboo and 25% BOPP, 50% bamboo and 50% BOPP and 100% bamboo. The adhesive used was polyurethane resin with a castor oil base, weighing 12% of the total mass of each panel. The physical properties of water absorption and thickness swelling, in both periods of 2 hours and 24 hours, demonstrated a direct relation with the amount of BOPP and impermeability of particleboards produced. Regarding the mechanical properties of bending and tensile strength, the addition of BOPP had an inverse relation to these properties.
Numerical Simulation of Rotational Behavior of Bolted Glulam Beam-to-Column Connections with Slotted-In Steel Plates
Authors: Wang Ming Qian , Song Xiao Bin , Gu Xiang Lin
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of a numerical study on rotational behavior of bolted glulam beam-to-column connections. Since wood often exhibited complex failure behavior under different loading states, a three dimensional anisotropic damage analysis model of wood was initially developed based on continuum damage mechanics theory for progressive failure analysis of wood. The damage model basically consisted of two ingredients: the failure criterion proposed by Sandhaas was chosen to capture the damage onset; three independent damage variables were adopted to control the ductile and brittle damage evolution process of wood. This material model was implemented in a commercial available finite element method based code using a user-material subroutine. Finite element model of bolted connection coupled with the proposed material model was established to further investigate the failure modes and moment resistance of such connections. It was found that the damage evolution progress was very similar to the crack development from experimental tests. By comparing the experimental results and numerical predictions, a fair agreement of the initial stiffness and moment resistance was found with modeling error less than 3%, which implied that the finite element model was suitable to simulate the rotational behavior of such connections. This research could provide the reference for the design of bolted glulam connections in heavy timber structures.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Effectiveness in Construction Projects
Authors: Song Yu Ming , Le Yun , Wang Ya Qin
Published: November 2016

A majority of research show that organizational culture is context-specific and it can impact organizational effectiveness positively. But few empirical studies have probed into the relationship in the context of project-based organizations. A survey was conducted of construction projects in China with the aim of better understanding the relationship. Based on 512 samples, the findings indicate that there exist differences in the relationship between four culture types and organizational effectiveness. The results show that clan and hierarchy cultures have greater positive effect on organizational effectiveness than market and adhocracy cultures. Moreover, this research examines the possible moderating effects of project size in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness. The findings validate that project size has not moderated the impact of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness. Future research is necessary to identify other moderators in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness.
Impact and Adaptation Strategies in Response to Climate Change on Taiwan’s Water Resources
Authors: Chiang Ting Yi , Perng Yeng Horng , Liou Ling Er
Published: November 2016

Due to the impact of global climate change on land use, water resources and environment in Taiwan, the utmost essential move to do now is to refer to the experience and practices of advanced countries that help guiding the development of land and water resources conservation orderly. Secondly, the purpose of this paper is to discuss Taiwan’s flooding and water resources management issues. Finally, the paper would review the impact and adaptation strategies in response to climate change on Taiwan’s water resources to serve as a reference for relevant decision-making units of government. This paper believes that only if all residents jointly participate in reducing and adapting to the impacts caused by climate change can we avoid the possible survival crisis in the future.
Temperature and Suction Effects on Slope Stability under Undrained Condition
Authors: Uchaipichat Anuchit
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the variation of safety factor of unsaturated soil slope with temperature and matric suction was simulated. The simulation was performed using modified ordinary method of slices for unsaturated soil slope including temperature and suction effects. The expression for factor of safety of unsaturated soil slope at elevated temperature under undrained condition was derived. The ranges of temperature and suction in simulation were 25 to 60 degree Celsius and 0 to 100 kPa, respectively. The simulation was performed using soil parameters presented in literature. The simulation results shows the variation in factor of safety of soils slope with matric suction and temperature. The factor of safety of soil slope with circular failure surface increased with increasing matric suction for all values of temperature but decreased with increasing temperature for all values of matric suction.
In Vitro Characterization of 3D Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds Reinforced with Phosphate Based-Bioactive Glass for Bone Replacement
Authors: Ruiz-Aguilar Criseida , Aguilar-Reyes E.A. , Higareda-Mendoza Ana Edith , León-Patiño C.A.
Published: November 2016

Bone tissue engineering is an excellent alternative to reduce bone disorders and conditions, by inducing new functional bone regeneration starting from the synthesis of the biomaterials and then the combination of cell and factor therapy. In the present contribution, the scaffolds were made with a ratio of 80 wt.% of β-TCP and 20 wt. % of phosphate-based bioglass, in addition the phosphate-based bioglass was reinforced with zirconia in different amounts (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mol%) with the aim to reduce the dissolution rate, improve the osteoconduction and the osteogenesis of the bone tissue. The results obtained by μCT of the scaffolds containing zirconia showed a wide pore size distribution between 1.5 and 303 μm. AlamarBlue assays showed that the cell proliferation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts scaffolds were sixfold increase in relation to the number of the initial cells. FE-SEM helped to observe the cauliflower structure of HA and DRX showed that crystalline phases formed after heat treatment were (NaCaPO4 and NaZr5PO4) owing both to the crystallization and combination of the bioglass and β-TCP .
Characteristics and Biocompatibility of the Hydroxyapatite Based Two Ternary Biocomposites
Authors: Bulut Berrak , Erkmen Ziya Engin , Kayali Eyup Sabri
Published: November 2016

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a very popular bioceramic for orthopedic and dental applications. Although HA has excellent biocompatibility, its inferior mechanical properties make it unsuitable for load-bearing implant applications. Therefore, HA should be strengthened by a secondary phase for robust mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of HA-Al2O3 (HAC) and HA-ZrO2 (HZC) composites with the addition of 5 and 10 wt% commercial inert glass (CIG); independently. The mixture powders were pressed and then, the pellets were sintered between 1000-1300 °C for 4 hours. Microstructural characterizations were carried out using SEM + EDS and XRD, while hardness and compression tests were done to measure mechanical properties. In order to investigate the biocompatibility behavior of the samples in vitro and in vivo tests were performed. The mechanical properties of HAC composites increased with rising CIG content and increasing sintering temperature. For HZC composites, increasing CIG content caused an elevation in hardness and a decrease in compressive strength values at 1300 °C. The composites having the best physical and mechanical properties also showed improved bioactive properties at in vitro test. In this study, the ideal composite was selected as HZC5 sintered at 1200 °C depending on the microstructure, mechanical and biocompatibility properties.
Preparation of Brushite Bone Cement with a Drug Containing β-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules
Authors: Lee In Cheol , Chung Tai Joo , Oh Kyung Sik
Published: November 2016

Brushite bone cement containing a drug was prepared using the dense granular β-tricalciump phospahte (β-TCP) as a starting material. The setting reaction was not significantly affected by loading antibiotics within the granules. Heat treatment of the granule at elevated temperature resulted in the suppression of temperature increase during setting, which provided benefits in drug loading. The amount of gentamicin sulfate infiltrated in the β-TCP granules was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and was found to be meaningful considering the MIC of microorganisms.
Brushite Bone Cement Prepared from Granular Hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Son Yeong Jun , Chung Tai Joo , Oh Kyung Sik
Published: November 2016

The properties of brushite cement were manipulated by partially replacing β-tricalcium phosphate with dense granular hydroxyapatite (HA). The introduction of HA granules resulted in prolonged setting time as well as reduction of temperature rise during setting. The changes produced by addition of HA granule were useful for drug loading. HA granules, prepared by spray drying, could preserve a meaningful 4.5 wt% of gentamicin sulfate solution. However, HA granules with excessive setting agent resulted in formation of dicalcium phosphate instead of brushite.
Fabrication and Characterization of Chelate-Setting β-Tricalcium Phosphate Cements with Enhanced Bioresorbability
Authors: Nagata Kohei , Konishi Toshiisa , Honda Michiyo , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: November 2016

A novel chelate-setting β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cement with anti-washout properties have been fabricated previously. This cement has been set on the basis of chelating ability of inositol phosphate (IP6). In this study, the ball-milling and surface-modification conditions of starting β-TCP cement powders were optimized in terms of bioresorbability. Starting powders were prepared by simultaneously ball-milling at 300 rpm for 3 h with 1 mm diameter ZrO2 beads and surface-modifying with 40 cm3 of 3000 ppm IP6 solution. The resulting starting powder was consisted of β-TCP single phase, and had high specific surface area of 48.3 m2∙g-1. Cement pastes were prepared by mixing the starting powder and the aqueous solution composed of 2.5 mass% sodium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 mass% citric acid and 1.0 mass% sodium alginate at a powder/liquid ratio of 1/0.90 [g∙cm-3] for 2 min. After setting in pure water for 72 h, compressive strength of the cement specimens was higher than that of human cancellous bone. Dissolution rate of Ca2+ ions was measured by according to Japanese Industrial Standard T 0330-3. The results of Ca2+ ions dissolution rate test demonstrated that the cement specimens derived from the above starting powder were the highest dissolution rate among examined ones. This cement would be expected as bone fillers with high bioresobability.
Silica Sol-Gel Patterned Surfaces Based on Dip-Pen Nanolithography and Microstamping: A Comparison in Resolution and Throughput
Authors: Arango-Santander Santiago , Freitas Sidónio C. , Pelaez-Vargas Alejandro , García Claudia
Published: November 2016

Fabrication of patterns on silicon and gold via Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) using silica sol as ink and the combination of DPN, soft lithography, and silica sol-gel to transfer patterns from silicon and gold to stainless steel were assessed. In addition, a comparison in terms of throughput and resolution of both protocols was performed. Optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the patterns. Silica sol showed high resolution but low throughput when used to pattern directly on gold and silicon using DPN. The combination of DPN, silica sol-gel and soft lithography showed high throughput and resolution. The present experimental methodology was useful to create patterns on a surface and transfer them to another surface of interest, which may serve as a biomaterial surface modification model.
Characterization of Structural and Chemical Properties of Silver Containing Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Solid Phase Reaction
Authors: Murakami Takayuki , Noda Iwao , Ikeda Junji , Nakahira Atsushi
Published: November 2016

In this study, we investigated the physical and chemical state changes of silver in silver-containing hydroxyapatite (AgHA) composites sintered at various heat treatment temperatures. AgHA composites were synthesized by a solid phase reaction at various temperatures using composite powder prepared by ball-milling commercial highly crystalline hydroxyapatite powder and commercial silver oxide powder. Structural characterization of AgHA was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The XRD measurement showed that peaks of metallic silver or other silver compounds disappeared at 800°C and reappeared at 1000°C. The a-axis of HA obtained by Rietveld analysis expanded drastically at 800°C. Furthermore, the SEM images showed that silver particles disappeared at 800°C and reappeared at 1000°C, as indicated by the XRD patterns. The XANES spectrum of Ag-L3 edge of AgHA sintered at 800°C was different compared to those of other references. These results suggested that calcium ions were substituted by silver ions in AgHA sintered at 800°C, according to the a-axis expansion of HA lattice caused by the substitution of hydroxyl ions by carbonate ions through the heat treatment, based on the FT-IR measurement. In addition, antibacterial tests showed that AgHA containing various chemical states of silver had good antibacterial activities in proportion to released amounts of silver.
Enhancement of Vertical Alveolar Ridge Augmentation in Canine Defect Model Grafted with Resorbable Bioceramic Composite
Authors: Fahmy Rania , Soliman Samia , El-Ghannam Ahmed , Nouh Samir R.
Published: November 2016

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate histologically and radiographically the quality and the quantity of the formed bone after alveolar ridge augmentation using micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic with and without rhBMP-2.Material and methods: Saddle-type alveolar ridge defects (12X7) mm were created in dog mandibles. Defects were grafted with micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic loaded with rhBMP-2 10 μg and covered with collagen membrane. Control groups included defects grafted with SCPC50 granules without rhBMP-2 and un-grafted defects. Radiographs were taken for the dissected defect sites at 2 and 4 months. Radiographs were analyzed for bone density using the ImageJ 1.46 program. Dissected defect sites were then fixed in formalin and processed for histologic and hitomorphometric analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using student t-test and 1-way ANOVA test with p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Radiographic analysis of augmented bone revealed bone density equal to or denser than the surrounding native bone in SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2. Qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation revealed dense well arranged bone trabeculae in both the SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2 with more rapid bone formation and graft resorption in the rhBMP-2 group. Maturation of newly formed bone was noted on the periphery and inside the SCPC50 pores. No adverse reactions, excessive bone formation or fluid filled voids were detected.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that SCPC50 is an effective graft material in alveolar ridge augmentation. SCPC/rhBMP-2 hybrid accelerated bone regeneration and enhanced bone quality and quantity as revealed by radiographic and histologic evaluation.
Prospective Study of the Mastoid Plasties Using Resorbable Bioceramic MBCP® in Surgery of Cholesteatoma
Authors: Dercourt Hugo , Le Thuaut Charles Henri A. , Michel Guillaume , Buquet K , Daculsi Guy , Bordure Philippe
Published: November 2016

Tympanoplasty is the reference for cholesteatoma treatment in ear, nose, and throat (ENT surgery), with the realization of a closing technique, which preserves the external auditory canal. An insufficient pneumatisation is an element favoring the occurrence and recurrence of cholesteatoma. In a prospective clinical pilot study, we have realized the reconstruction of the mastoid cortical bone by a Micro Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate bioceramics disks (MBCPTM Biomatlante France) using the closed technique, in order to maintain or increase the mastoid pneumatisation. Eleven patients were used for this study, and some of them have a sample collection for histomorphometry and histopathological analysis. Bone regeneration at the expense of the bioceramic was observed. The size and shape of the disk was not preserved due to the large resorption and bone ingrowth at the expense of the implant. However 6 patients presented cholesteatoma recurrence. The MBCPTM disks are able to reconstruct the mastoid cortical and maintain the mastoid pneumatisation contrarily to the technique of filling the mastoid cavity. However, the high rate of cholesteatoma recurrence observed in our study, confirmed the interest to fill mastoid that suppress airspace posterior cavities.
Characteristics of Er2O3 Added ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Roy Samarpita , Roy Tapatee Kundu , Das Debdulal
Published: November 2016

This study examines the effect of Er2O3 addition (0 to 2.0 mol.%) on microstructure and electrical characteristics of ZnO-based varistor ceramics prepared by high energy ball milling and sintering at 1200 °C for 1 h. With increasing Er2O3 content, the densification process diminishes marginally, but the grain size reduces dramatically due to the formation of Er-rich phases that inhibit grain coarsening specifically when the amount of Er2O3 addition is above 0.1 mol.%. The ZnO-based varistor modified with incorporation of 0.5 mol.% Er2O3 exhibits excellent varistor properties, since the breakdown field is increased from 1324 to 2320 V cm-1 and the nonlinear coefficient is enhanced from 23.1 to 27.4 when compared with the un-added ones.
Microstructural Modification of Non-Combustible Magnesium Alloy by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Afrinaldi Angga , Uematsu Yoshihiko , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Itoh Ren
Published: November 2016

The microstructure of non-combustible magnesium alloy, AMX602, was modified by friction stir processing (FSP) at the tool rotational speed of 800 rpm and traveling speed of 300 mm/min. In the microstructure of the as-extruded material, some intermetallic compounds (IMCs), Al2Ca and Al-Mn, inhomogeneously distributed in the matrix. The inhomogeneity was dependent on the extruding condition. The largest size of IMCs was a few tens microns. By FSP, large IMCs were broken up, and fine IMCs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, grain refinement occurred due to dynamic recrystallization.
Effect of Artificial Aging on Fracture Behavior of Al6061-Silica (SiO2) Composites
Authors: Jagannath K. , Sharma Sathya Shankar , Prabhu P.R. , Gowri Shankar M.C. , Harisha S.R.
Published: November 2016

In the present work improvement in mechanical properties due to the presence of silicon oxide (SiO2) reinforced particles with an average size of 50μm and various weight percentage of (3, 6 and 9) on the hardness and fracture behaviour of Al6061-SiO2 composite is investigated. The influence of artificial aging with different aging temperatures on the mechanical properties was also assessed. Macro hardness and mechanism of fracture behaviour during tensile test have been discussed. Failure mode of fracture surface is studied to determine the parameters which influence the crack growth characteristics. Addition of SiO2 particles and artificially aging at 100°C for Al6061-SiO2 composite shows improvement in hardness by 140% and tensile strength by 60% due to the precipitation of finer secondary intermetallic phases of alloying elements. Fracture surface analysis for composite shows particle interface fracture and void nucleation growth failure.
Two-Scale Algorithm of Simulating the Approximation for the Piezoelectric Problem in Small Periodic Composites
Authors: Deng Ming Xiang , Feng Yong Ping
Published: November 2016

The piezoelectric material plays an important role in some special fields. Based on two-scale asymptotic method, the two-scale finite element computational algorithm of simulating the piezoelectric problem in periodic composite is given, the finite element approximate errors are analyzed, and some numerical examples are presented so as to show the effectiveness of the numerical algorithm.
‘Not in our name without us’ – The intervention of Catholic Women Speak at the Synod of Bishops on the Family: A case study of a global resistance movement by Catholic women
Authors: Hadebe Nontando
Published: November 2016

This article will illustrate through a case study of the intervention of the Catholic Women Speak Network (CWSN) at the Synod of Bishops on the Family, the dynamic movement within Steyn’s Critical Diversity Literacy theory from ‘reading’ the social script of injustice to conscientisation and finally actions for transformation, a methodology similar to that of feminist theologies. In the Catholic Church power, privilege and leadership are institutionalised in the hands of celibate males, and in the context of the Synod they had power to vote on teachings on family life. This hegemony that excludes women’s voices and essentialises women was challenged by the CWSN, illustrating connections between theory and praxis as well as diversity as a critical tool of resistance.
Stylometry and characterisation in The Big Bang Theory
Authors: Van Zyl Maryka , Botha Yolande
Published: November 2016

Dialogue is an important aspect of televisual character construction. Writers make linguistic choices on behalf of characters, and these choices can cause viewers to associate a character with a specific stereotype, subculture or social group. This study examines the linguistic construction of the character Sheldon Cooper in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory. A cluster analysis tree of the speech of each of the five main characters in the first seven seasons (generated by the R script Stylo 0.6.0) indicated that the character of Sheldon Cooper differs from the other main characters (Leonard, Penny, Howard and Rajesh) with respect to linguistic style. These differences were further explored using corpus analysis software (WordSmith 6.0) to identify keywords and lexical bundles and to compare the use of active versus passive voice constructions. Sheldon’s choice of scientific or more formal words and his relative preference for the passive voice typify his linguistic style as expository rather than colloquial.
The engagement and retention of non-profit employees in Belgium and South Africa
Authors: Renard Michelle , Snelgar Robin J.
Published: November 2016

Orientation: A lack of qualitative research exists that investigates work engagement and retention within Belgium and South Africa, particularly within the non-profit sector.Research purpose: The study aimed to gather in-depth qualitative data pertaining to the factors that promote work engagement and retention amongst non-profit employees working within these two countries.Motivation for the study: Because of scarce funding and resources, non-profit organisations are pressured to retain their talented employees, with high levels of turnover being a standard for low-paid, human-service positions. However, when individuals are engaged in their work, they display lower turnover intentions, suggesting the importance of work engagement in relation to retention.Research design, approach and method: Non-probability purposive and convenience sampling was used to organise in-depth interviews with 25 paid non-profit employees working on either a full-time or a part-time basis within Belgium and South Africa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data produced.Main findings: Participants were found to be absorbed in, dedicated to and energised by their work, and revealed numerous aspects promoting their retention including working towards a purpose, finding fulfilment in their tasks and working in a caring environment.Practical/managerial implications: Non-profit organisations should develop positive work environments for their employees to sustain their levels of work engagement, as well as place significance on intrinsic rewards in order to retain employees.Contribution: This study provides insights into the means by which non-profit employees across two nations demonstrate their enthusiasm, pride and involvement in the work that they perform. It moreover sheds light on the factors contributing to such employees intending to leave or stay within the employment of their organisations.
An investigation into users' information security awareness on social networks in south western Nigeria
Authors: Okesola Julius O. , Onashoga Adebukola , Ogunbanwo Afolakemi
Published: November 2016

Background: Social networks (SNs) offer new and exciting opportunities for interaction among people, cutting across different stratum of the society and providing a ubiquitous mechanism that supports a wide variety of activities. They are at the same time being exploited by criminals to fraudulently obtain information from unsuspecting users. Unfortunately, the seamless communication and semblance of safety assumed by most users make them oblivious to the potential online dangers.Objective: Using quantitative methods on selected social sites, this study empirically examined the information security awareness of SN users in south western Nigeria.Method: A self-designed research instrument was administered for data collection while descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using chi-square, cross-tabulation and t-test for data analysis and result interpretation.Result: Findings from the analysed data suggest that the risk perception vary among male and female SN users and that the general perception of risks regarding SN usage is also very low.Conclusion: Adequate security awareness coupled with detailed legal measures are required to keep SNs secured. However, an individual is duly responsible for the habit of ignoring potential risks posed by the networks.
Digital subtraction angiography findings and population demographics of patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage and subsequent causative aneurysms at Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein
Authors: Swartbooi Ambrosius , Meyer Carin , De Vries Coert
Published: November 2016

Background: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to aneurysmal rupture may be associated with serious neurological sequelae or even mortality. According to international literature, only aneurysms >7 mm or aneurysms in the posterior circulation require treatment. Retrospective single-centre studies have, however, disputed this after demonstrating that the average size of ruptured aneurysms are <7 mm. More recent guidelines place less emphasis on size and more on associated risk factors.Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to assess the aneurysm characteristics and demographics of patients who presented to our institution with SAH secondary to an aneurysm detected at digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Patients who presented with SAH over a 6-year period, from 2008 to 2013, were included. The average size of the intracranial aneurysms at the time of rupture was analysed. Data about aneurysm characteristics and patient demographics were obtained from patient files. Data were analysed by the researchers with assistance from the Department of Biostatistics.Results: In total, 161 of 374 patients who underwent DSA had ruptured aneurysms. Most patients were women with ages ranging from 18 to 73 years (mean 45 years). The mean size of aneurysms were 5.8 mm (range 1.2 mm – 20 mm), with 74.5% of aneurysms <7 mm. Most aneurysms were noted involving the anterior circulation (72%), with the majority arising from the anterior communicating artery (36.7%).Conclusion: We found that aneurysms rupture at sizes <7 mm and are commonly located in the anterior circulation. Our findings emphasise the importance of conducting institutional reviews to consider adapting international treatment guidelines for the local South African situation.
Orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras, Koszul duality, and a complete intersection analogue of the Eagon–Northcott complex
Authors: Sam Steven V
Published: November 2016

We study the ideal of maximal minors in Littlewood varieties, a class of quadratic complete intersections in spaces of matrices. We give a geometric construction for a large class of modules, including all powers of this ideal, and show that they have a linear free resolution over the complete intersection and that their Koszul dual is an infinite-dimensional irreducible representation of the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra. We calculate the algebra of cohomology operators acting on this free resolution. We prove analogous results for powers of the ideals of maximal minors in the variety of length 2 complexes when it is a complete intersection, and show that their Koszul dual is an infinite-dimensional irreducible representation of the general linear Lie superalgebra.

This generalizes work of Akin, Józefiak, Pragacz, Weyman, and the author on resolutions of determinantal ideals in polynomial rings to the setting of complete intersections and provides a new connection between representations of classical Lie superalgebras and commutative algebra. As a curious application, we prove that the cohomology of a class of reducible homogeneous bundles on symplectic and orthogonal Grassmannians and 2-step flag varieties can be calculated by an analogue of the Borel–Weil–Bott theorem.
Elimination de la matière organique par le procédé d'électrocoagulation : comparaison à la coagulation chimique
Authors: Daouda Mohamed Moukorab A. , Pépin Aïna Martin , Agoungbome David
Published: November 2016

Organic matter is a major component of natural and anthropic medium. Coagulation-flocculation is as an effective technics for its treatment, but requires the addition of chemicals products and generates an important sludge. The purpose of this study had to treat a natural water of Ilauko dam (which contained natural organic matter) and a leachate from Ouèssè Sanitary Landfill (which contained anthropic organic matter) by electrocoagulation process with aluminium electrodes. The performance of these methods was determined according to the water quality. From the results, it was shown that the electrocoagulation could be used instead of the chemical coagulation, for the hydrophobic and particular organic matter fractions. The treatment efficacy depends on the origin of the organic matter: about 50% and 75% of Dissolved Organic Carbon were eliminated of natural water and leachate respectively. However, according to different removal rate of SUVA indication, electrocoagulation is more adequate on aromatic compounds. Furthermore, electrocoagulation requires an optimal dose of metal less than chemical coagulation.

La matière organique est un élément majeur des milieux naturel et anthropique. La coagulation-floculation, se présente comme l’une des techniques efficaces pour son élimination, mais elle nécessite l’ajout de produits chimiques et génère une importante quantité de boues. Cette étude s’est intéressée à concevoir un pilote d’électrocoagulation avec des électrodes en aluminium, pour le traitement de la matière organique naturelle (de l’eau du barrage d’Ilauko) et anthropique (du lixiviat du Lieu d’Enfouissement Sanitaire de Ouèssè). Les performances de traitement des deux procédés ont été déterminées selon la qualité de l’eau. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’électrocoagulation peut se substituer à la coagulation chimique, pour le traitement des fractions hydrophobe et particulaire de la matière organique. L’efficacité du traitement dépend de l’origine de la matière organique : les deux procédés ont permis d’éliminer le Carbone Organique Dissous d’environ 50 % et 75 % respectivement pour l’eau naturelle et le lixiviat. Toutefois, les rendements d’indice SUVA ont montré que l’électrocoagulation est plus efficace sur les composés aromatiques. Par ailleurs, la coagulation par dissolution de cations métalliques nécessite une dose optimale de traitement moins importante que celle de la coagulation chimique.