bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Lead Sulfide Core Shell Nanospheres For Applications in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Romero-Jaime Anderson Klay , Acosta-Enríquez Milka del Carmen , Vargas-Hernández Diana , Tánori-Córdova Judith Celina , Pineda-León Horacio Antolín , Castillo Santos Jesús
Published: February 2021

Nanoscale miniaturization of chalcogenides semiconductors, such as lead sulfide (galena), can generate interesting quantum confinement effects in the field of optoelectronic applications. At this work, a process in order to obtain SiO2 nanospheres coated with Galena, as the denominated core-shell system, is developed, this process it is based in Stöber’s method, where only the magnetic stirring was replaced by an ultrasonic bath, to achieve well rounded, and highly stable silica nanoparticles with diameters average of 70 nm. The PbS shell cover presents a thickness of 10 nm around. Nanostructures chemical composition, morphology and optical properties were determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. As a result, the nano shells correspond to cubic PbS, presenting some interplanar distances of 2.95 Å and 3.41 Å; this nano shell also shown a toward blue optical spectrum shift and a remarkable increase in its band gap, 3.75 eV, was obtained, compared with the PbS bulk value. The chemical composition it is studied by energy scattering spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzes.
LncRNA CRNDE decreases the sensitivity of sorafenib in HCC cells via promoting ATG4B-mediated autophagy
Authors: Chen Lingxi , Sun Liangbo , Dai Xufang , Li Tao , Yan Xiaojing , Zhang Yueting , Xiao Hanxi , Shen Xiaodong , Huang Gang , Xiang Wei , Zhang Yan , Tan Dehong , Yang Shiming , Nie Yongzhan , Huang Xuequan , Lian Jiqin , He Fengtian
Published: February 2021

Background: Autophagy has been confirmed to be closely related to the growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, and autophagy related 4B (ATG4B) performs a crucial role in the process of autophagy. lncRNA CRNDE (colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed) promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, but it is unclear whether the tumor-promoting effect of CRNDE is associated with the regulation of ATG4B and autophagy.
Methods: The expression of CRNDE and ATG4B in HCC tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. The effect of CRNDE on autophagy of HCC cells was examined by fluorescent assay, GFP-LC3 analysis and Western blot. The relationship among CRNDE, miR-543 and ATG4B was clarified using bioinformatic analysis, qPCR, Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of CRNDE on sensitivity of sorafenib in HCC cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by CCK-8 assay, Western blot, Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, IHC staining and TUNEL assay.
Results: CRNDE induced autophagy via upregulating ATG4B in HCC cells. Mechanistically, CRNDE enhanced the stability of ATG4B mRNA by suppressing miR-543, leading to the increase of ATG4B expression and autophagy in HCC cells. Moreover, sorafenib dramatically elevated CRNDE and ATG4B as well as autophagy. Knockdown of CRNDE significantly sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo .
Conclusion: The study has revealed the presence of “CRNDE/ATG4B/autophagy” pathway which alleviates the sensitivity of sorafenib in HCC cells, suggesting that this pathway may serve as a novel target to improve the killing effect of sorafenib in HCC treatment.
Visceral Adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma as reliable indices to prediction of cardiovascular diseases in adults: A Cross-Sectional analysis from the Iranian RaNCD Cohort Data
Authors: Hamzeh Behrooz , Pasdar Yahya , Mirzaei Narmin , Faramani Roya Safari , Najafi Farid , Shakiba Ebrahim , Darbandi Mitra
Published: February 2021

Background: Visceral Adiposity index (VAI) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) are relatively new indicators for predicting Non-Communicable disease (NCDs). The aim of this study was to assess the association AIP and VAI with risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in adults.Materials: This was a cross-sectional analysis conducted on 7362 individuals aged 35 to65 years participated in Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study. AIP was calculated based on the value of TG and HDL-C. VAI was calculated using BMI (Body mass index), waist circumference (WC), serum triglyceride, and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).All participants were stratified into three groups based on AIP and VAI tertiles. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were applied to assess the effect of these indices on CVDs.Results: The mean of AIP and VAI was significantly higher in CVDs patients than in non-CVDs (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking the risk of CVDs in the second and third tertile of AIP were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.52) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.03) times higher comparing to the first tertile, respectively. Risk of CVDs in the second and third tertile of VAI were1.41 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.70) and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.60, 2.46) times higher than the first tertile, respectively; while adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and dyslipidemia.Conclusion: According to the findings, AIP and VAI were positively associated with CVDs in adults. Therefore, AIP and VAI can be useful in identifying high-risk subgroups of CVDs in general population.
Pre- versus postnatal initial colonization of healthy neonates’ colon ecosystem by the enterobacterium Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Balawi Mohammad , Morsy Fatthy
Published: February 2021

Background

Human colon is a microbial ecosystem where its initial bacterial colonization in neonates is important step for establishing a beneficial microbiota for the body health. This study investigated occurrence of viable culturable Escherichia coli in first day meconium versus subsequent days stool to explore the prenatal versus postnatal initial colonization of colon by Escherichia coli in healthy neonates.
Methods

E. coli occurrence was conducted on eosin methylene blue agar followed by morphological and biochemical characterizations and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA encoding gene.
Results

Viable culturable E. coli was not detected in meconium of healthy male and female neonates of normal birth or cesarean section surgical delivery. Neonates of surgical delivery showed no E. coli colonization at also 2nd and 3rd day confirming a postnatal colonization of colon by this enterobacterium. E. coli initial colonization in colon of normal birth neonates occur at 2nd day which can be attributed to inoculation from vaginal canal during delivery which in comparison to neonates of surgical delivery infers that the bacterium is not originally found in meconium.
Conclusions

This study suggests no viability of meconium microbiome in healthy neonates possibly due to antimicrobial action in the prenatal colon’s meconium protecting babies’ gut from infection during delivery.
Title: Cardiac MRI derived radiomics based machine learning (ML) models in identifying pulmonary hypertension (PH)- Impact of segmentation, radiomics side experiments and DAFIT approach on model performance
Authors: Priya Sarv , Aggarwal Tanya , Ward Caitlin , Bathla Girish , Jacob Mathews , Gerke Alicia , Hoffman Eric A. , Nagpal Prashant
Published: February 2021

Side experiments are performed on radiomics models to improve their reproducibility. We measure the impact of myocardial masks, radiomic side experiments and data augmentation for information transfer (DAFIT) approach to differentiate patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH) using cardiac MRI (CMRI) derived radiomics. Feature extraction was performed from the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) myocardial masks using CMRI in 82 patients (42 PH and 40 controls). Various side study experiments were evaluated: Original data without and with intraclass correlation (ICC) feature-filtering and DAFIT approach (without and with ICC feature-filtering). Multiple machine learning and feature selection strategies were evaluated. Primary analysis included all PH patients with subgroup analysis including PH patients with preserved LVEF (≥ 50%). For both primary and subgroup analysis, DAFIT approach without feature-filtering was the highest performer (AUC 0.957–0.958). ICC approaches showed poor performance compared to DAFIT approach. The performance of combined LV and RV masks was superior to individual masks alone. There was variation in top performing models across all approaches (AUC 0.862–0.958). DAFIT approach with features from combined LV and RV masks provide superior performance with poor performance of feature filtering approaches. Model performance varies based upon the feature selection and model combination.
Characterization and Anticancer Effects of Folate Targeted Inotodiol Liposome From Inonotus Obliquus (Chaga Mushroom)
Authors: Lu Yangpeng , Gao Xudong , Chen Zhongqin , Xue Zihan , Jia Yanan , Li Nannan , Wang Yajie , Chen Haixia
Published: February 2021

Inotodiol, one tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) possess excellent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, however it has not been applied to medical use due to its low solubility and low bioavailability. Liposome as a good nanodrug carrier with EPR and good biocompatibility has received much research attention. To improve the solubility and bioavailability of IOP, we prepared inotodiol liposomes (IOP-Lps) and folic-acid targeting IOP liposome (FA-IOP-Lps) by ultrasonic method, and their particle size, morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading rate (DL) were characterized by DLS, TEM, FT-IR and HPLC respectively. Their in vitro cytotoxicity of human cervical cancer cells HeLa, human liver cancer cells HepG2 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were assessed using the MTT assay. The results showed that IOP-Lps and FA-IOP-Lps possess significant anticancer effects. The results of TEM, FT-IR and DLS confirmed the formation of liposome. The particle size of IOP-Lps were 201.07±6.47 nm and ζ-potential of -50.2±0.5 mV, FA-IOP-Lps 224.33±1.86 nm and ζ-potential of -51.2±0.3 mV, the EE of IOP-Lps and FA-IOP-Lps were 79.14% and 77.33%, respectively. IOP-Lps and FA-IOP-Lps could selectively kill HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells while nontoxic to normal L02 cells. This is the first study to give out in vitro information of inotodiol’ s anticancer effects based on nanocarriers. Besides, this drug delivery system is of good sustained release and targeted delivery effects to promote the utilization of both inotodiol and other natural hydrophobic compounds in target treatment of cancers.
Study on Tidal Volume According to the 4-Point Sealing Forces of Bag-Valve-Mask : An Adult Respiratory Arrest Simulator Based Prospective, Descriptive Study
Authors: Uhm Dongchoon , Kim Ajung
Published: February 2021

Background

For adequate ventilation during bag-valve-mask ventilation, rescuers should ensure a proper mask seal using the one-handed or two-handed technique. Little is known how much sealing forces of bag-valve-mask are needed for adequate ventilation. This study aimed to explored the effect of the 4-point sealing forces of a bag-valve-mask on tidal volume while using the one-handed technique, focusing on the moderating effect of C length ( C length is the distance from the thumb to index finger in the C shape of in the one-hand EC grip).
Methods

This was a prospective, descriptive simulation study design. Convenience sample of 125 undergraduate paramedic students from two universities was participated. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect subject data. Tidal volumes, 4-point sealing forces of the mask, peak pressure, and C length of the C shape in the one-hand EC grip, were measured using the mechanical lung model under a simulated adult respiratory arrest. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the moderating effect of C length on tidal volume in bag-valve-mask ventilation.
Results

The average C length, peak pressure and tidal volume were 7.54 (± 1.85) cm, 11.62 (± 5.40) cmH2O, and 321.66 (± 135.18) mL, respectively. The average range of the 4-point sealing forces were 0.03–0.69 newton. The apex sealing force was the weakest point among the 4-point sealing forces. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that tidal volume accounted for 62.7% of the variance by C length, peak pressure, and apex sealing force during bag-valve-mask ventilation (F = 9.676, p < .001). C length moderated the effect of apex sealing force and peak pressure on tidal volume. That is, the more peak pressure and apex sealing force, the more the tidal volume, and the longer the C length, the more the tidal volume.
Conclusion

We developed effective advice that can be adopted in clinical practice without side effects as the first simulation study measuring the 4-point sealing forces during bag-valve-mask ventilation, as well as underpin continuous retraining and assessment that focus on individual physical characteristics, such as C length and bag-valve-mask sealing force.
The Impact of COVID-19: A Comparison of Nurses’ Turnover Intentions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qatar
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Abujaber Ahmad A. , Villar Ralph C. , Nazarene Ananth , Al-Jabry Mahmood M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Several research studies have been conducted to have a better understanding of the reasons behind the intention of nurses to leave their jobs. To date, few studies have been conducted to explore how COVID-19 contributes to nurses' turnover intentions. This study aims at exploring nurses’ turnover intentions before COVID-19 and during COVID-19.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6), where a convenience sample of 512 registered nurses participated from Hamad Medical Corporation (the largest healthcare provider in Qatar) from August to September 2020.
Results

A total of 512 nurses were included in the final analysis. The majority were between 31–40 years (61.5%), 67.6% females, 76.4% married, 79.9% had a BSN, 43% have less than 5 years of experience, 60.4% have worked in COVID-19 designated facilities. There was a significant difference between turnover intentions before and during COVID-19; the turnover intentions were higher during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion

Nurses in Qatar have higher turnover intentions during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. The participants’ characteristics and stress levels are playing a major role in nurses’ decision to leave during COVID-19. Understanding the factors that contribute to the turnover intentions is crucial for workforce planning, especially during pandemics. Addressing the factors associated with turnover intentions will positively be reflected in nurses’ well-being and turnover intentions.
Sox14 is essential for initiation of interneuron differentiation in the chick spinal cord
Authors: Katsuyama Taiki , Kadoya Minori , Shirai Manabu , Sasai Noriaki
Published: February 2021

The neural tube comprises several different types of progenitors and postmitotic neurons that coordinately act with each other to play integrated functions. Its development consists of two phases: proliferation of progenitor cells and differentiation into postmitotic neurons. How progenitor cells differentiate into each corresponding neuron is an important question for understanding the mechanisms of neuronal development. Here we introduce one of the Sox transcription factors, Sox14, which plays an essential role in the promotion of neuronal differentiation. Sox14 belongs to the SoxB subclass and its expression starts in the progenitor regions before neuronal differentiation is initiated at the trunk level of the neural tube. After neuronal differentiation is initiated, Sox14 expression gradually becomes confined to the V2a region of the neural tube, where Chx10 is co-expressed. Overexpression of Sox14 restricts progenitor cell proliferation. Conversely, the blockade of Sox14 expression by the RNAi strategy inhibits V2a neuron differentiation and causes expansion of the progenitor domain. We further found that Sox14 acted as a transcriptional activator. Taken together, Sox14 acts as a modulator of cell proliferation and an initiator protein for neuronal differentiation in the intermediate region of the neural tube.
Perceptions of Inequity in the Provision and Utilization of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services in Tigray, Ethiopia. A Qualitative Explorative Study
Authors: Wuneh Alem Desta , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta , Persson Lars Ake , Okwaraji Yemisrach Behailu , Medhanyie Araya Abrha
Published: February 2021

Background: We have earlier shown that the utilization of Ethiopian maternal health services was distributed pro-rich, while child immunization was equitably distributed. Hence, this study aimed at exploring rural Ethiopian women’s and primary health care workers’ perceptions of inequities and their causes in the provision and utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health services. Methods: The study was conducted from August to December 2019 in two rural districts of Tigray, Ethiopia. We performed twenty-two in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions with women who had given birth the last year preceding the survey, women’s development group leaders, health extension workers from health posts, and health workers from health centers. The final sample was determined based on the concept of saturation. The interviews and focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The provision and utilization of antenatal care, facility-based delivery, and care-seeking for sick children were perceived inequitably distributed. Immunization was perceived as an equitable service. The inequity in the provision and utilization of maternal and child health services was linked to the economy, distance, social and cultural norms, low quality of service, maternal age, and education. Poor implementation of the Government’s equity-oriented policies, such as community-based health insurance, was perceived to result in health inequities. Conclusion: Mothers and primary healthcare providers in rural Ethiopia indicated weaknesses in delivering equitable services and reasons for inequitable utilization. The narratives could inform efforts to provide universal health coverage for mothers, newborns, and children. These problems require multisectoral actions to address the identified sources of inequities.
Prophylactic Effect of Simultaneous Placement of Mesh on Incidence of Parastomal Hernia After Mile’s Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gao Xu , Li Ruo-Fan , Sun Li-Xin , Liu Zuo-Jun , Tian Guang-Jian , Qi Hui , Li Xiao-Bin
Published: February 2021

Background: To assess the prophylactic effect of simultaneous placement of mesh and incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) after abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer. Methods: This study included real world data of 56 surgically resected colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who were consecutively assigned to 2 groups: control (no mesh, n=32) and experimental (received mesh, n=24). An artificial patch was placed under the tunica vaginalis of rectus abdominis for patients in experimental group whereas the control group received routine sigmoidostomy. The median follow-up time was >20 months. Difference in hazards function was analyzed by cox regression analysis and results were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Post-operative incidence rate of PSH was lower in experimental (41.7 %) than in control group (71.9 %; P=0.045). PSH postoperative time in experimental group was significantly delayed than control group (48 months vs 10 months; P<0.001). The risk of progression from H1 to H2 was less in experimental group than control group (49.28% vs. 60.86%; P=0.14). Conclusions: Prophylactic mesh placement significantly prolonged post-operative time to recurrence and incidence rate of PSH. The incidence of recurrence of H2 (severe PSH) requiring secondary surgical repair was reduced.
Multivariate radiomics models based on 18F-FDG hybrid PET/MRI for distinguishing between Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Hu Xuehan , Sun Xun , Hu Fan , Liu Fang , Ruan Weiwei , Wu Tingfan , An Rui , Lan Xiaoli
Published: February 2021

Purpose To construct multivariate radiomics models using hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for distinguishing between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods Ninety patients (60 with PD and 30 with MSA) were randomised to training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. All patients underwent 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI to simultaneously obtain metabolic images (18F-FDG), structural MRI images (T1-weighted imaging [T1WI], T2-weighted imaging [T2WI] and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [T2/flair]) and functional MRI images (susceptibility-weighted imaging [SWI] and apparent diffusion coefficient). Using PET and five MRI sequences, we extracted 1172 radiomics features from the putamina and caudate nuclei. The radiomics signatures were constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm in the training set, with progressive optimization through single-sequence and double-sequence radiomics models. ໿Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a clinical-radiomics model, combining the optimal multi-sequence radiomics signature with clinical characteristics and SUV values. The diagnostic performance of the models was assessed by receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The radiomics signatures showed favourable diagnostic efficacy. The optimal model comprised structural (T1WI), functional (SWI), and metabolic (18F-FDG) sequences (RadscoreFDG_T1WI_SWI) with the area under curves (AUCs) of the training and validation sets of 0.971 and 0.957, respectively. The integrated model, incorporating RadscoreFDG_T1WI_SWI, three clinical symptoms (disease duration, dysarthria and autonomic failure) and SUVmax, demonstrated satisfactory calibration and discrimination in the training and validation sets (0.993 and 0.994, respectively). DCA indicated the highest clinical benefit of the clinical-radiomics integrated model. Conclusions The radiomics signature with metabolic, structural, and functional information provided by hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI may achieve promising diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing between PD and MSA. The clinical-radiomics integrated model performed best. ໿
Crossover point of the field effect transistor and interconnect applications in turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon channel
Authors: Negishi Ryota , Yamamoto Katsuma , Tanaka Hirofumi , Mojtahedzadeh Seyed Ali , Mori Nobuya , Kobayashi Yoshihiro
Published: February 2021

The electrical transport properties of a turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with various number of layers (1~8 layers) were investigated using a field effect transistor with a single GNR channel. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 5 layers or less, the carrier mobility and Ion/Ioff ratio in the FETs were improved by slightly increasing the conductance with increasing the number of layers, meaning that the excellent semiconducting characteristic. The improvement of the carrier transport properties promotes by the turbostratic stacking structure. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 6 layers or more, although the Ion/Ioff ratio degraded, the conductance extremely improved with increasing the number of layers. This indicates that the turbostratic multilayer GNR with thicker number of layers becomes the significantly lower resistivity wire as a metallic characteristic. We revealed that the crossover point of the physical properties between the semiconducting and metallic characteristics is determined by the strength to screen the surrounding environment effects such as charged impurity on the substrate. Our comprehensive investigation provides a design guidance for the various electrical device applications of GNR materials.
Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres on graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for advanced treatment of biotreated papermaking effluent
Authors: Peng Yecan , Ye Guirong , Du Yangliu , Zeng Lingyu , Hao Jiawen , Wang Shuangfei , Zhou Jinghong
Published: February 2021

This study focused on the feasibility of using Fe3O4/graphene oxide (FGO) nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for the advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater. FGO nanocomposites with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios were synthesized by co-precipitating iron salts onto GO sheets in basic solution. Characterization of the resulting material structures and functionalities was performed using a range of analytical techniques. A low GO loading afforded a good Fe3O4 nanoparticle dispersibility and resulted in a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume. The FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4 were used to treat papermaking wastewater in a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The results suggested that the nanocomposite designated FGO1 (GO loading of 25 mg) exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency than other FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4. A maximum chemical oxygen demand degradation efficiency of 89.6% was achieved in 80 min with 1.5 g.L− 1 FGO1 at pH 3. The degradation of different pollutants present in wastewater was evaluated with the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 3D excitation–emission-matrix analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and magnetic measurements confirmed that the FGO1 nanocomposites possess a low iron leachability and a high reusability. Thus, a comprehensive advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater using a magnetic FGO catalyst is demonstrated.
Forest structural complexity in habitats with presence and absence of the Caucasian grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi) in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran
Authors: Ghanbari Sajad , Sefidi Kiomars , Álvarez-Álvarez Pedro
Published: February 2021

Forest structural complexity can vary among different types of habitat and is defined by the dependency of species on resources. The positive relationship between structural complexity and forest functions is of increasing interest to researchers. In this study, we focused on the structural complexity of the habitat of the Caucasian grouse ( Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi ), which is an indicator species in mountain forest habitats in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran. Data were collected from previously identified presence and absence locations of this species. Three sample plots were chosen at random in each area (six sample plots in total). The main parameters measured were type of species, diameter and height of trees, shrub and regeneration, and number and diameter of coarse woody debris. Overstorey tree species richness differed in the absence and presence locations, with 16 and 12 species respectively. Understory species richness was also different in the absence (15 species) and presence (10 species) locations. The Caucasian grouse was observed in the site with trees smaller than 10 cm and a balanced density of trees smaller than 5 cm. Overall, the SCI was higher in the absence location than in the presence location. The heterogeneity of the stand structure in grouse habitats was low. The area where the Caucasian grouse was present was characterized by small numbers of dead trees and also low log volume. Maintaining a heterogenous forest structure is important for protecting this species. Conservation of fruit trees that are fed on by the grouse is also recommended.
Epiretinal Membrane Appearance or Progression After Intravitreal Injection in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Taniguchi Hikari , Yoshida Izumi , Sakamoto Masashi , Maeno Takatoshi
Published: February 2021

Background: To evaluate the influence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the appearance or progression of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and investigate determining factors.Methods: Seventy-six eyes that were treated for more than 36 months from the first anti-VEGF injection were assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed between smoking, lens status, subretinal hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status, peripheral degeneration, contralateral eye, and the number of injections as independent variables and appearance or progression of ERMs during 36 months as dependent variables.Results: The presence of vitreous macular adhesion (VMA) or development of PVD during the observation period was significantly associated (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.76; 95% confidence limit [CL], 1.72-19.3; p＝0.005) with the appearance or progression of ERMs. Moreover, peripheral retinal degeneration was significantly associated (OR: 3.85; 95% CL, 1.15-13.0; p＝0.029). Injection number of anti-VEGF was not significantly associated (OR: 1.02; 95% CL, 0.90-1.16; p＝0.73). Number of anti-VEGF injections in ARMD had little relationship with developing secondary ERMs. VMA or developing PVD and peripheral degenerations had an association with developing ERMs. Conclusion: This study suggests possibilities that anti-VEGF injections alone are unable to cause the development of ERMs, that the vitreoretinal interface has a prior impact on the developing ERMs in ARMD similar to that of idiopathic ERMs, and that peripheral degenerations co-exist with or are evoked by vitreoretinal adhesion in the pathogenesis of ARMD, both being related to ERMs development.
Targeted Lateral Positioning Decreases Lung Collapse and Overdistension in COVID-19-Associated ARDS
Authors: Mlček Mikuláš , Otáhal Michal , Borges João Batista , Alcala Glasiele Cristina , Hladík Dominik , Kuriščák Eduard , Tejkl Leoš , Amato Marcelo , Kittnar Otomar
Published: February 2021

Background
Among the challenges for personalizing the management of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and body positions in regional lung mechanics. Right-left lung aeration asymmetry and poorly recruitable lungs with increased recruitability with alternating body position between supine and prone have been reported. However, real-time effects of changing body position and PEEP on regional overdistension and collapse, in individual patients, remain largely unknown and not timely monitored.
Methods
We here report a series of consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS. Aiming at to individualize PEEP and body positioning in order to reduce mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury, collapse and overdistension, sixteen decremental PEEP titrations were performed in the first days of mechanical ventilation (8 pairs supine vs. targeted lateral position): supine position immediately followed by 30° targeted lateral position. The choice of lateral tilt was based on X-Ray: the less aerated lung was positioned up. Maps and percentages of global and regional collapse and overdistension were measured for each PEEP level by electrical impedance tomography.
Results
Targeted lateral position resulted in significantly smaller amounts of overdistension and collapse when compared with the supine one: less collapse along the PEEP titration was found within the left lung in targeted lateral; and less overdistension along the PEEP titration was found within the right lung in targeted lateral. Regarding collapse within the right lung and overdistension within the left lung: no differences were found for position.
Conclusions
Targeted lateral positioning with bedside personalized PEEP provided a selective attenuation of overdistension and collapse in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS and right-left lung aeration/ventilation asymmetry.
Association of Eccentric Quadriceps Torque With Knee Pain, Physical Function and Extension Lag in Women With Grade ≤ II Knee Osteoarthritis-A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arab Fares , Quddus Nishat , Khan Sohrab A. , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Khan Masood
Published: February 2021

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disabling disease among women. Quadriceps weakness is attributed to one of the causes of knee pain (KP) and disability. The study aimed to test the correlation of eccentric quadriceps torque (EQT) with 2 subscales of reduced WOMAC questionnaire (KP and physical function) and extension lag range of motion (ROM) at the knee joint in osteoarthritic women.
Methods

A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 70 (age 41.1 ± 7.1) female patients having grade ≤ II knee OA participated in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the independent variable (EQT) and dependent variables (2 subscales of reduced WOMAC questionnaire and extension lag in the knee).
Results

EQT presented a significant moderate negative correlation with the reduced WOMAC subscales (pain r = -0.489, p < 0.01 and physical function r = -0.425, p < 0.01), and low positive correlation with available ROM (r = 0.349, p < 0.01).
Conclusions

The self-reported symptoms of KP, physical function, and extension lag in the early stages of knee OA in women are associated with EQT. Thus designing a rehabilitation program having eccentric quadriceps strengthening exercises may improve KP and physical activities but further randomized controlled trials are needed to verify this.
Blueshift Plasmonic effect in photonic crystal cavity with gold nano-structure
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Wu Yongling , Hongyu Zheng , Yadav Neha
Published: February 2021

In this research article, we reportthe plasmonic effect exhibited by a self-assembled photonic crystal cavity in nanostructures using asecond harmonic laser exposure. The photonic nanostructures composed of goldnanoparticles (AuNPs),enhancedthe fluorescence properties which undergo into lattice planesand thereby affect thenonlinearproperties.The newlyfabricated colloidal structures exhibited a strong plasmonicinteraction with different laser powersdensity.The outcome of this research presentsthe self-assembled nano-photonic cavity as a suitable plasmonic nanostructure for optoelectronic applications. These nanostructurescan be fabricated using high power lasers source,e.g. dye laser and solid-state laser.
Value of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 Imaging in the Diagnosis of Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Yue , Yang Xin , Liu Huipan , Luo Wenbin , Liu Hanxiang , Lv Taiyong , Wang Junzheng , Qin Jianhua , Ou Santao , Chen Yue
Published: February 2021

PurposeRenal fibrosis is a pathological state in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Early detection and treatment are vital to prolong the survival of patients. Renal puncture examination represents the gold standard examination method for renal fibrosis, but it has several limitations. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel PET radiotracer, [68Ga]Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, which specifically images fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression for renal fibrosis.MethodsAll patients underwent renal puncture before receiving [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging. They then underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and immunochemistry examinations, and the data obtained were analyzed.ResultsThe [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination results showed that almost all patients (12/13) exhibited increased radiotracer uptake. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in patients with mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis was 3.92±1.50, 5.98±1.6, and 7.67±2.23, respectively.Conclusion﻿Compared with renal puncture examination, non-invasive imaging of FAP expression through [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT can quickly show the patient’s bilateral kidney condition with high sensitivity. This can facilitate the evaluation of the patient’s disease progression, diagnosis, and the development of a treatment plan.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in two cultigroups of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Cacaï Gilles H.T. , Ahokpossi Brunith A.M. , Houédjissin Serge S. , Houngue Jerome Anani , Badou Bienvenue T. , Ahanhanzo Corneille
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPineapple production is mostly constrained by unavailability of high-performance suckers. However, somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been revealed the most rapid and controllable method for Pineapple propagation than conventional sucker production methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of two cultivars of pineapple regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. MethodsThus, calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of Smooth Cayenne and Sugar Loaf cultivars. Murashige and Skoog base medium supplemented with vitamins B5 and different in hormonal combinations: Auxins / Cytokins. BAP and / or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli maturation and BAP and GA3 for plant regeneration. ResultsThe results indicated a significant influence of type of explant and copper on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, The medium MS with growth regulator combination NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1mg / l (BAP) has a highly significant influence with 8.8 mature somatic embryos. Also, the growth regulator combinations and the cultivars have significantly influenced somatic embryos regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% shoots by using the hormonal combination BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the smooth Cayenne. Conclusion Leaves from organogenesis plantlets constitute the explants to be used for callus induction in pineapple. The combination of BAP (1 mg/l) + copper (2 mg/l) + Picloram (6 mg/l or 12 mg/l) on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with vitamins B5 was favorable somatic embryos regeneration of pineapple. The protocol developed is a key study for successful mass propagation and genetics transformation of pineapple.
The incidence of distal radius fractures in a Swedish pediatric population - an observational cohort study of 90 970 individual fractures
Authors: Südow Hanna , Navarro Cecilia Mellstrand
Published: February 2021

Background 40-50% of all boys and 30-40% of girls suffer from at least one fracture during childhood. A quarter of these fractures affects the wrist, making it the worst affected part of the body. Children often sustain the injury during play or sport activities. There has been a lifestyle change among European children during the last decades, and there is reason to believe that fracture incidence is changing. Methods For the purpose of this observational cohort study registry data was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register for all pediatric patients registered with a distal radius fracture during the period 2005 – 2013. Incidence rates were calculated for each year using data from Statistic Sweden on population size by age and gender. Results 90 970 distal radius fractures were identified. The mean age at the time of fracture was 10 years. In ages 10-17 the proportion of male patients was significantly larger. Seasonal variations were detected with peak incidences in May and September. A decreasing total fracture incidence was observed during the study period. Conclusion The incidence of distal radius fractures in a population 0 – 17 years in Sweden was higher among male than in female patients. The incidence was lower in 2008 – 2013 as compared to 2005. Further studies are necessary to reveal if the incidence will continue to decrease.
The Relationship Between Patient Acceptable Symptom State and Disease Scores in Psoriasis
Authors: Wang Qiaolin , Lu Wenhua , Luo Yan , Tan Minjia , Zhu Wu , Kuang Yehong , Shen Minxue
Published: February 2021

Patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) is a patient-reported outcome that reflects patient’s perspective well. The relationship between the PASS and disease scores in psoriasis has not been described. This study of 198 patients with psoriasis, assessed PASS using a binary question on patient’s feeling on their symptom. The disease scores including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA) affected by lesions and other patient characteristics were collected. Logistic regression was used to investigate the associations. 71.4% patients with mild psoriasis based on PASI and 76.3% based on BSA considered their symptom state acceptable. Female (adjusted OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.42–0.92) and patients with exposed skin (head, neck, and hands) involved (adjusted OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.19–0.76) were less likely to report acceptable symptom state. Receiver-Operating Characteristics curve showed that both PASI and BSA have limited capability in differentiating acceptable symptom state in psoriasis, which further indicated the unique value of PASS in the management of psoriasis.
Trend in Delayed Childbearing and Its Potential Consequences on Pregnancy Outcomes: a Single Centre 9-years Retrospective Cohort Study in Hubei, China
Authors: Nawsherwan  , Sun Yanmei , Bai Qian , Mubarik Sumaira , Nabi Ghulam , Khan Suliman , Wang Suqing , Fan Cuifang
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Current biological approaches for management of crucifer pests.
Authors: Rajashekar Yallappa , Mayanglambam Saini , Singh Kabrambam
Published: February 2021

Cabbage is considered as one of the most commonly found vegetables and it has been cultivated in large areas throughout the year. As it is mostly grown in large areas, higher rate of pest infestation likely to occur, which hinder its total production and consumption. However, continuous use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural pest management often leads to various negative impacts such as development of resistance by the pest, adverse effect on non target organisms and hazardous effect on environmemt. These drawbacks led to an alternative approaches for control of crucifer pests that are cost effective, biodegradable, low toxic effect on non-target organisms and eco-friendly. This review brings together all the information of different biological practices for management of crucifer pests and list of botanical insecticides and entomopathogenic microbes that are being reported. This will help in establishing the knowledge of limited studies on pest management using different biological control methods to more challenging research and conveys the importance of pest management system for taking research forward.
The Efficiency of Elemental Geochemistry and Weathering Indices as Tracers in Aeolian Sediment Provenance Fingerprinting
Authors: Nosrati Kazem , Moradian Hanieh , Dolatkordestani Mojtaba , Collins Adrian L.
Published: February 2021

Eight geochemical elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Si, Ti) and 17 associated weathering indices were measured in 34 aeolian source samples and 10 sand dune target sediment samples in three absolute particulate size fractions. For each fraction, three final composite fingerprints (i.e., geochemical elements only, weathering indices only and a combination of the two) for discerning and ascribing the aeolian sediment sources were selected. The Modified MixSIR Bayesian un-mixing model was used to apportion aeolian source contributions using the final composite fingerprints. Regardless of the composite fingerprint used, all results across the different size fractions suggested that the south-eastern alluvial fan is the dominant (average contribution 50.6%, SD 19.0%) source of the sand dune samples, with the western alluvial fan being the second most important (average contribution 38.4%, SD 20.4%) source. Comparisons of the posterior distributions for the predicted source proportions generated using the nine composite fingerprints (three kinds of composite fingerprints*three particle size fractions) showed that the composite fingerprints combining the geochemical elements and weathering indices generated the most powerful source material discrimination. Our results demonstrate the use of weathering indices alongside more conventional elemental geochemistry tracers for investigations into sand dune sediment provenance.
REAPing the Benefits: Development and Use of a Structured Evaluation Tool to Codify Learning Resources for Global Health Professionals
Authors: Schleiff Meike Jill , Hahn Elizabeth , Dolive Caroline , James Lillian , Mishra Anant , Hansoti Bhakti
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The learning opportunities for global health professionals have expanded rapidly in recent years. The diverse array of learners and wide range in course quality underscore the need for an improved course vetting process to better match learners with appropriate learning opportunities. Methods: We developed a structured tool to assess overall course quality by determining performance across four defined domains Relevance, Engagement, Access, and Pedagogy (REAP). We applied this tool across a learning catalogue developed for participants enrolled in the Sustaining Technical and Analytic Resources (STAR) project, a global health leadership training program. Results: The STAR learning activities database included a total of 382 courses, workshops, and web-based resources which fulfilled 531 competencies across three levels: core, content, and skill. Relevance: The majority of activities were at an understanding or practicing level across all competency domains (486/531, 91.5%). Engagement: Many activities lacked any peer engagement (202/531, 38.0%) and had limited to no faculty engagement (260/531, 49.0%). Access: The plurality of courses across competencies were offered on demand (227/531, 42.7%) and were highly flexible in pace (240/531, 45.2%). Pedagogy: Of the activities that included an assessment, most matched activity learning objectives (217/531, 40.9%). Discussion: Through applying REAP to the STAR project learning catalogue, we found many online activities lacked meaningful engagement with faculty and peers. Further development of structured online activities providing learners with flexibility in access, a range of levels of advancement for content, and opportunities to engage and apply learning are needed for the field of global health.
Ortner’s syndrome secondary to thoracic aortic aneurysm: a case series
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Feng Hai , Chen Xueming , Li Wenrui
Published: February 2021

Background: Ortner syndrome refers to vocal cord paralysis resulting from compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve by abnormal mediastinal vascular structures. This retrospective case series details our experience with Ortner’s syndrome due to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a case series. A total of 4 patients (mean age, 65.5 years) with Ortner’s syndrome due to thoracic aortic aneurysm who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair from July 2014 to May 2020. The patients’ demographics, comorbidities, initial symptoms, time from hoarseness to treatment, aneurysm shape and size, surgical procedures and outcome were summarized. Results: A total of 4 patients with Ortner’s syndrome due to thoracic aortic aneurysm were analyzed. All of them underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair with no complication during hospitalization period. At a mean follow-up of 26.8 (8-77) months, 3 patients’ hoarseness had completely resolved or improved, one patient’s symptoms had not progressed. Conclusions: Hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy can be the presenting symptom of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Early diagnosis leads to timely treatment of these patient which may be helpful to functional recovery of the symptoms.