bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence beef meat production in Tanzania. A Cobb-Douglas production function estimation approach
Authors: Kibona Cornel Anyisile , Yuejie Zhang , Tian Lu
Published: August 2022

Beef meat production is the key to reducing poverty, achieving food security and nutrition, promoting exports, economic growth, and industrialization. Despite a large number of beef cattle, Tanzania continues to import beef meat and its contribution to GDP is low. Thus, this study used time-series panel data to analyze the beef meat industry in Tanzania from 1990 to 2019, with a particular focus on identifying the reasons and direction of the correlation between beef meat output and its determinants in the production processes. The study applied both descriptive statistics and the Cobb-Douglas production function model, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) based estimator to analyze the data. Descriptive analyses revealed that Tanzania’s beef meat production increased by 283,871 tons (59.3%-a positive trend) between 1990 and 2019. This increase was accompanied by approximately 29.75%, 53.05%, and 42.42% increases in beef cattle yield (carcass weight (hg) per head, beef cattle inventory, and the number of beef cattle slaughtered, respectively). However, the analysis further revealed that a 2.8% decrease in beef cattle extraction (low harvesting) rate due to low market participation, continues to be a critical barrier to increasing beef meat production in Tanzania. Furthermore, econometric estimates showed that the key factors that positively influenced beef meat output at a 5% significance level (P < 0.05) included beef cattle population (inventory), beef cattle yield (carcass weight (kg) per head, and the number of beef cattle slaughtered, with elasticity coefficients of 0.146, 0.469, and 0.564, respectively). While the number of beef cattle exported positively influenced beef meat production at the 10% significance level (P < 0.1) with an elasticity coefficient of 0.028. Surprisingly, invested credit to agriculture (farm credits) and imported pure-bred beef cattle had a negative impact on beef meat output but were statistically insignificant at P < 0.05. The results of this study have implications as to what factors need to be addressed to further improve beef meat production, thereby reducing its reliance on imports. We suggest that the Tanzania government and policymakers need to establish balanced policies for beef farmers and appropriately manage them so that beef meat development can be induced, contributing to poverty reduction, food security, and economic development.
A high-quality severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) rat bioresource
Authors: Miyasaka Yoshiki , Wang Jinxi , Hattori Kosuke , Yamauchi Yuko , Hoshi Miho , Yoshimi Kazuto , Ishida Saeko , Mashimo Tomoji
Published: August 2022

Immunodeficient animals are valuable models for the engraftment of exogenous tissues; they are widely used in many fields, including the creation of humanized animal models, as well as regenerative medicine and oncology. Compared with mice, laboratory rats have a larger body size and can more easily undergo transplantation of various tissues and organs. Considering the absence of high-quality resources of immunodeficient rats, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to knock out the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene (Il2rg) in F344/Jcl rats—alone or together with recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2)—to create a high-quality bioresource that researchers can freely use: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) rats. We selected one founder rat with frame-shift mutations in both Il2rg (5-bp del) and Rag2 ([1-bp del+2-bp ins]/[7-bp del+2-bp ins]), then conducted mating to establish a line of immunodeficient rats. The immunodeficiency phenotype was preliminarily confirmed by the presence of severe thymic hypoplasia in Il2rg-single knockout (sKO) and Il2rg/Rag2-double knockout (dKO) rats. Assessment of blood cell counts in peripheral blood showed that the white blood cell count was significantly decreased in sKO and dKO rats, while the red blood cell count was unaffected. The decrease in white blood cell count was mainly caused by a decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, analyses of lymphocyte populations via flow cytometry showed that the numbers of B cells (CD3- CD45+) and natural killer cells (CD3- CD161+) were markedly reduced in both knockout rats. In contrast, T cells were markedly reduced but showed slightly different results between sKO and dKO rats. Notably, our immunodeficient rats do not exhibit growth retardation or gametogenesis defects. This high-quality SCID rat resource is now managed by the National BioResource Project in Japan. Our SCID rat model has been used in various research fields, demonstrating its importance as a bioresource.
Predicting past and future SARS-CoV-2-related sick leave using discrete time Markov modelling
Authors: Lei Jiayao , Clements Mark , Elfström Miriam , Lundgren Kalle Conneryd , Dillner Joakim
Published: August 2022

Background

Prediction of SARS-CoV-2-induced sick leave among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential for being able to plan the healthcare response to the epidemic.

Methods

During first wave of the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic (April 23rd to June 24th, 2020), the HCWs in the greater Stockholm region in Sweden were invited to a study of past or present SARS-CoV-2 infection. We develop a discrete time Markov model using a cohort of 9449 healthcare workers (HCWs) who had complete data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies as well as sick leave data for the calendar year 2020. The one-week and standardized longer term transition probabilities of sick leave and the ratios of the standardized probabilities for the baseline covariate distribution were compared with the referent period (an independent period when there were no SARS-CoV-2 infections) in relation to PCR results, serology results and gender.

Results

The one-week probabilities of transitioning from healthy to partial sick leave or full sick leave during the outbreak as compared to after the outbreak were highest for healthy HCWs testing positive for large amounts of virus (ratio: 3.69, (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.44–5.59) and 6.67 (95% CI: 1.58–28.13), respectively). The proportion of all sick leaves attributed to COVID-19 during outbreak was at most 55% (95% CI: 50%-59%).

Conclusions

A robust Markov model enabled use of simple SARS-CoV-2 testing data for quantifying past and future COVID-related sick leave among HCWs, which can serve as a basis for planning of healthcare during outbreaks.
The ESX-4 substrates, EsxU and EsxT, modulate Mycobacterium abscessus fitness
Authors: Lagune Marion , Le Moigne Vincent , Johansen Matt D. , Vásquez Sotomayor Flor , Daher Wassim , Petit Cécile , Cosentino Gina , Paulowski Laura , Gutsmann Thomas , Wilmanns Matthias , Maurer Florian P. , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Girard-Misguich Fabienne , Kremer Laurent
Published: August 2022

ESX type VII secretion systems are complex secretion machineries spanning across the mycobacterial membrane and play an important role in pathogenicity, nutrient uptake and conjugation. We previously reported the role of ESX-4 in modulating Mycobacterium abscessus intracellular survival. The loss of EccB4 was associated with limited secretion of two effector proteins belonging to the WXG-100 family, EsxU and EsxT, and encoded by the esx-4 locus. This prompted us to investigate the function of M. abscessus EsxU and EsxT in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we show that EsxU and EsxT are substrates of ESX-4 and form a stable 1:1 heterodimer that permeabilizes artificial membranes. While expression of esxU and esxT was up-regulated in M. abscessus-infected macrophages, their absence in an esxUT deletion mutant prevented phagosomal membrane disruption while maintaining M. abscessus in an unacidified phagosome. Unexpectedly, the esxUT deletion was associated with a hyper-virulent phenotype, characterised by increased bacterial loads and mortality in mouse and zebrafish infection models. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the presence of EsxU and EsxT dampens survival and persistence of M. abscessus during infection.
Barring Freedom: Art, Abolition and the Museum in Pandemic Times
Authors: Moore Alexandra , Nelson Rachel
Published: August 2022

Barring Freedom, a travelling exhibition featuring artworks engaging the histories and current conditions of prisons and policing in the United States, was to open in April 2020. While COVID-19 disrupted that plan, the realities of inequity in the United States placed into stark relief by the pandemic and the uprisings of summer 2020 brought urgency to rethinking the curatorial vision of the exhibition to reach audiences beyond the gallery walls. Buoyed by the idea that, in the words of Angela Davis, art can ‘propel people towards social emancipation’, the exhibition and related programming was reconceived as an ongoing, interdisciplinary, public scholarship initiative reaching across the borders normally perceived between museums, prisons and universities. Opportunities arose for expanded forms of community building and participation that welcomed different forms of knowledge, furthering the political and aesthetic aims of the project to shift the social attachment to prisons.
Autotematyzm w piosence na przykładzie twórczości Pablopavo (Pawła Sołtysa)
Authors: Gajda Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

Tematem artykułu jest twórczość Pablopavo, artysty piosenki, dla którego jednym z ważnych środków wyrazu jest autotematyzm. Termin ten, od dziesięcioleci rozpoznawany w badaniach literaturoznawczych, rzadko (lub prawie wcale) był dotąd rozpatrywany jako ważny element tekstów piosenek. W artykule znajdziemy liczne przykłady, które pokazują, jak na różne sposoby warszawski songwriter wykorzystuje autotematyzm, tworząc atrakcyjne konstrukcje paraliterackie. Dzięki takim zabiegom udaje się przekraczać ograniczenia gatunkowe piosenki, kierując przekaz w stronę literackości. Autotematyzm staje się chwytem, który pomaga budować porozumienie z odbiorcą ponad poziomem rozrywkowym. Dystans wobec formy, ironia, komizm służą ocaleniu autentyzmu przekazu, stawiając w centrum zainteresowania sam proces komunikacji, oparty przede wszystkim na języku.
Polski punk rock po angielsku – socjofonetyczne aspekty stylu wykonawczego
Authors: Konert-Panek Monika
Published: August 2022

Głównym celem artykułu jest zbadanie sposobu funkcjonowania wybranych angielskich cech fonetycznych oraz inspiracji z nimi związanych w polskim punk rocku oraz usytuowanie wyników analizy w szerszym kontekście stylistycznym oraz socjolingwistycznym. Zgodnie z przyjętą tezą sposób wymowy w śpiewie może łączyć się z przekazaniem określonych – potencjalnie ewoluujących – znaczeń społecznych bądź stylistycznych, a w przypadku anglojęzycznego polskiego punk rocka znaczenia te zależne są od nurtów omawianego gatunku. Wymowa większości wykonawców charakteryzuje się wyraźnym wpływem języka polskiego i niewystylizowanym brzmieniem, a cechy cockneya kojarzone z klasycznym punkiem pojawiają się rzadko.
Time Does Not Pass if Time Began from an Infinite Past
Authors: Morita Kunihisa
Published: August 2022

Philosophers have long discussed whether time really passes. Simultaneously, they have also discussed whether time could have begun from an infinite past. This paper clarifies the relationship between the reality of time’s passage and an infinite past. I assert that time cannot have an infinite past if time really passes. This argument is based on a proposition that an infinite series of events cannot be completed if time really passes. A seemingly strong objection to this proposition is that no movement is possible if an infinite series cannot be completed. However, movement is clearly possible; thus, an infinite series can be completed. I argue that although it is sure that an infinite series can be completed in the static view, an infinite series cannot be completed (and thus, time could not have begun from an infinite past) in the dynamic view.
Local versus bulk circular dichroism enhancement by achiral all-dielectric nanoresonators
Authors: Czajkowski Krzysztof M. , Antosiewicz Tomasz J.
Published: August 2022

Large optical chirality in the vicinity of achiral high-index dielectric nanostructures has been recently demonstrated as useful means of enhancing molecular circular dichroism. We theoretically study the spatial dependence of optical chirality enhancement in the vicinity of high-index dielectric nanodisks and highlight its importance for the design of nanophotonic platforms for circular dichroism enhancement. Using a T-matrix framework, we demonstrate that, depending on the disk aspect ratio, chirality is enhanced preferentially along different directions. We employ various statistical procedures, including surface, volume and orientation averaging, to predict enhancement of chiroptical effects and show that optimal properties of a nanostructure depend substantially on whether spatial maximum or average chirality enhancement is sought after. The results indicate that at times it is beneficial to sacrifice helicity preservation for a larger field enhancement. Similarly, the optimal choice of the nanostructure is influenced by presence of a substrate, which limits the space available to be occupied by analyte molecules and impacts the optical chirality in the vicinity of the nanostructure.
Crystal structure of diaqua-diphenanthroline-κ2
N,N′-bis(μ2-2-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(μ2-tetrafluorophthalato-κ3
O,O′:O′)didysprosium(III) – phenanthroline (1/2), C80H38Dy2F16N8O18
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Bei-Bei , Huang Shi-Jie , Song Jun-Ya , Liu Xin-Fang
Published: August 2022

C80H38Dy2F16N8O18, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.3924(5) Å, b = 12.7091(4) Å, c = 13.2583(5) Å, α = 102.496(3)°, β = 97.955(4)°, γ = 105.588(4)°, V = 1765.36(12) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0298, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0606, T = 293(2) K.
A review on the application of machine learning for combustion in power generation applications
Authors: Mohammadi Kasra , Immonen Jake , Blackburn Landen D. , Tuttle Jacob F. , Andersson Klas , Powell Kody M.
Published: August 2022

Although the world is shifting toward using more renewable energy resources, combustion systems will still play an important role in the immediate future of global energy. To follow a sustainable path to the future and reduce global warming impacts, it is important to improve the efficiency and performance of combustion processes and minimize their emissions. Machine learning techniques are a cost-effective solution for improving the sustainability of combustion systems through modeling, prediction, forecasting, optimization, fault detection, and control of processes. The objective of this study is to provide a review and discussion regarding the current state of research on the applications of machine learning techniques in different combustion processes related to power generation. Depending on the type of combustion process, the applications of machine learning techniques are categorized into three main groups: (1) coal and natural gas power plants, (2) biomass combustion, and (3) carbon capture systems. This study discusses the potential benefits and challenges of machine learning in the combustion area and provides some research directions for future studies. Overall, the conducted review demonstrates that machine learning techniques can play a substantial role to shift combustion systems towards lower emission processes with improved operational flexibility and reduced operating cost.
Lower Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Higher Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii—a US National Survey Study
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Wu Yinlian , Wang Mingfang , Zhu Yueyong , Lin Su
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high susceptibility to infections. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between vitamin D levels and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection, on the basis of a nationally representative database.

Methods:

The study data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001–2004. Participants underwent both Toxoplasma IgG antibody testing and serum vitamin D testing. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <20 ng/mL. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to adjust for potential confounders. All analyses were conducted in R software.

Results:

A total of 10613 participants were included. Among these, 3973 (37.4%) were vitamin D deficient, and 2070 (19.5%) were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibody. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 42.3% of the seropositive population, compared with 36.3% of the seronegative population (P<0.001). After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history and testing season, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an elevated risk of T. gondii infection (OR=1.303, 95% CI=1.136–1.495, P<0.001). This effect persisted in the propensity matching cohort.

Conclusions:

Low vitamin D levels are associated with high seroprevalence of T. gondii.
Juridical Analysis of Dissenting Opinions of Constitutional Judges in Constitutional Court Decisions
Authors: Harahap Arbi Mahmuda , Haruni Catur Wido , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: August 2022

This research will raise the issue that will be studied is, First, the regulation of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court's Event Law.  Second, the legal power of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court Decision.  Third, the legal implications of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court Decision. This resulted in the conclusion First, the arrangement of dissenting opinions in the constitutional court's guidelines in this case in the FMD cannot be found as a whole.   The arrangement of dissenting opinion in the PMK independence of constitutional judges in conveying their opinions is still maintained.  Second, explicitly, there is no setting on dissenting opinion. The phrase used in Law No. 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court is "the opinion of different members of the panel of judges". Third, the legal implications of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court's decision are legal uncertainty, violation of the hierarchy of laws and regulations, and the absence of legal order. The formulation of dissenting opinion is necessary to clarify its position in the law of events in the Constitutional Court. This can only be done if the legal instruments that govern it give full legitimacy to constitutional judges in dissenting. The author's advice in this study is   to strengthen the legal power  of dissenting opinion, as a preventive measure against future legal reforms to ensure certainty, justice. and the usefulness of the law for the whole society
Pregnancy preparation: redistribution of CCR7-positive cells in the rat uterus
Authors: Thomas Hannah , McCloskey Erick , Rider Virginia
Published: August 2022

In brief

Changes in the endometrium prior to implantation may be critical in predicting pregnancy outcomes. This study shows that the endocrine system directs positional changes in CCR7+ cells before implantation, which may be critical for developing maternal tolerance.

Suppression of the maternal immune system is vital for the implantation of the semi-allogeneic embryo. Although progress in understanding the dialogue between mother and embryo has been made, key interactions between maternal immune cells, hormones, and chemokines remain elusive. Uterine expression of the C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) could recruit T regulatory cells and facilitate localized immune suppression. To test this concept, Ccr7 mRNA and protein were assessed in uterine tissue. Ccr7 mRNA expression peaked at day 4 in pregnant rat uteri and then declined at days 5 and 6. CCR7 protein showed similar quantitative changes. To test if female sex steroids affected the spatial distribution of CCR7-expressing cells, uteri from ovariectomized rats, progesterone-pretreated rats (2 mg daily), and progesterone-pretreated rats injected with estradiol (0.2 µg) were analyzed. Progesterone increased CCR7-positive (+) cells in the antimesometrial stroma. Progesterone and estradiol increased CCR7+ cells in the mesometrial stroma. Estradiol increased the density of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) positive cells in the mesometrial stromal region over progesterone alone. The density of cells expressing the T regulatory cell marker, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), increased in the antimesometrial stroma in response to progesterone alone. Progesterone and estradiol increased FOXP3+ cells in the antimesometrial region of the stroma. Co-localization of CCR7, CD4, and FOXP3 in the stroma suggests CCR7+ cells are T regulatory cells. Polarization of CCR7+ cells in the endometrial stroma was an intrinsic response regulated by sex steroids and did not require the presence of an embryo.
33 actions pour que Montréal devienne anticapacitiste
Authors: Parent Laurence
Published: August 2022

This article steams from my doctoral thesis entitled “Rouler/Wheeling Montréal: Moving through, Resisting and Belonging in an Ableist City” (Parent, 2018). My thesis examined fifteen disabled Montrealers’ everyday mobilities and two different dimensions of participants’ sense of belonging: their belonging in Montréal disability communities and their belonging in the city. Participants’ stories show that their right to the city and their capacity to move through it are severely compromised because ableism is embedded in Montréal’s built environment and culture. This article explores three issues and 33 actions for an an anti-ableist Montréal. The first issue is presented as a question: How can we build an anti-ableist city? The second issue concerns disabled Montrealers’ mobilities in the face of climate change and the third explores the representations of disabled Montrealers in the media and civic and political life.
Autism and Autism Services with Indigenous Families and Children in the Settler-Colonial Context of Canada: A Critical Scoping Review
Authors: Gerlach Alison J. , Matthiesen Amarens , Moola Fiona J. , Watts Jackie
Published: August 2022

In Canada, Indigenous families and children experience structurally-rooted marginalization due to longstanding and ongoing histories of colonization and discrimination. Indigenous children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently underrepresented in literature and databases on ASD in Canada, raising concerns about their equitable access to related services and optimal health outcomes. This critical scoping review maps out existing and emerging themes in literature pertaining to ASD and the provision of ASD services with Indigenous children and families in Canada. No previous reviews of literature have focused exclusively on ASD among Indigenous children in Canada. A literature search conducted across eight databases between 2011 and 2021 resulted in 362 potentially relevant publications, of which 19 met our inclusion criteria. Findings point to a clear lack of data on ASD and unmet health, social, and educational service needs among Indigenous children with ASD in Canada. ASD is also frequently discussed through a Western, deficit and medical discourse. The main contributors to the lack of data and unmet service needs relate to the historical positioning of colonial oppression, stigma, an overrepresentation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), lack of funding, and concerns about standardized diagnostic and assessment tools, and social determinants of health. Recommendations for policy, practice and research concerning Indigenous children with ASD are proposed.
Muslim Social Movements in Cirebon and the Emergence of National Resistance Movements Against the Dutch Colonial Government in the Early 20th Century Indonesia
Authors: Rosidin Didin Nurul , Amalia Mila , Sa'dudin Ihsan , Safitri Eka
Published: August 2022

The early twentieth century saw the emergence of Muslim social movements as a new model of resistance against the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. This model of the resistance movement was a response to various changes in politics, social and religious culture in the early decades of the 20th century due to dynamics within the Muslim community as well as the new policy of the colonial government. This article studies the emergence of Muslim social movements in Cirebon, West Java, and its impacts on the development of the Muslims’ resistance movement against the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. There have not been many studies of Cirebon's role in Islamic social movements in the early 20th century. Therefore, this article, using a historical method, attempts to contribute to this literature by examining social movements carried out by Muslims in Cirebon and their impacts on the emergence of resistance against Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. The findings show that Cirebon, which was one of the main centres of early Islamic civilization in the Indonesian archipelago, played a prominent role in the emergence of Muslim social movements in early 20th century Indonesia. Various Muslim social organizations emerged in the area such as Sarekat Islam, Persarekatan Ulama, Nahdhatul Ulama, and Muhammadiyah. Although these social-religious organisations had differences or were in tension on various issues, their emergence succeeded in convincing the native people of the importance of a new strategy in their resistance against the long and hegemonic rule of the Dutch colonial government which had ruled the Cirebon region since the late 17th century.
Hormonal background in young men with epilepsy: the influence of pathology and treatment
Authors: Voitiuk Anna
Published: August 2022

The study examined the effect of some antiepileptic medications and the disease itself on the hormonal background of young men.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of some antiepileptic drugs and the disease itself on the hormonal background of young men.

Methods: This study involved 80 male patients aged 18-44 years. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the monotherapy received: carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid (VA), levetiracetam (LEV) and oxcarbazepine (OXC). Twenty healthy males aged 18-44 years (31.30 ± 4.07), who met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study as a control group. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected in heparinized tubes between 07:00 and 08:00 am after a fasting period of 8 hours for measurement of serum hormones. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin were determined by chemiluminescence analysis.

Results: epilepsy and sexual hormones abnormalities are strictly linked. Moreover, the use of many ASMs (in particular, CBZ, VPA, LEV and OXC) can contribute to these abnormalities in men with epilepsy. Over time, these alterations may result in diminished potency and fertility.

Conclusions: the ASMs' therapy may lead to dysregulation of sex hormones and sexual dysfunction in male patients with epilepsy. The use of the liver enzyme inducing AEDs, such as carbamazepine, which increases serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. This increase leads to diminished bioactivity of testosterone, which may result in diminished potency and thus reduced fertility. Men taking valproic acid have significantly higher dehydroepiandrosterone levels and lower gonadotropin concentration. This must be considered for the selection of antiepileptic drugs in young male patients. However, the effect of both the disease itself and ASMs’ therapy on hormones in young men requires further research
Comparison of BIRADS lexicon to breast biopsy findings in low resource countries
Authors: Prabhala Shailaja , Srirambhatla Annapurna , Pasula Sujatha
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and early detection is of utmost importance. In developed countries, mandatory mammographic screening programs help in early detection, whereas, in developing countries cancer is often detected at an advanced stage. The BIRADS guidelines permit a standard approach and follow up for breast lesions. Many newer imaging modalities are being available for better diagnosis.
Breast lesions have a varied spectrum and the gold standard for diagnosis of breast cancer is based on histopathological examination of tissue. At times, even on trucut biopsy, it is difficult to categorize the lesion as the tissue studied is limited and some evolving lesions may have overlapping features. As there are limitations to both radiologic and pathologic approaches, the general and accepted way is to combine both modalities to arrive at a diagnosis.
The aim: The aim of the study was to find out how well the BIRADS radiological findings correlate with histopathological findings on breast biopsies.
Materials and methods: A MEDLINE search for articles published in English language, with key words as breast biopsy histopathology and BIRADS was done for the years between 1985 and 2021. In addition, other cross-referenced articles were also searched for relevant data.
Results: There is good correlation between BIRADS category 1, 2 and 5 with the findings on core needle biopsy in breast lumps i.e., good correlation is seen at the end of spectrum of breast lesions in totally benign and unequivocally malignant lesions. But this correlation is lacking in the middle of the spectrum i.e., in borderline/intermediate category of BIRADS.
Conclusion: The non-suspicious (BIRADS 1/ 2) and highly suspicious (BIRADS 4C/5) compare very well with the histopathologic findings. It is the grey zone i.e., BIRADS 3/4A which has a wide and variable predictive value for breast cancer when compared with histopathology and imaging study alone is insufficient and mandates histopathology in all such cases
Correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological findings in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings
Authors: Sheeja Jabamalai , Sangeetha Nagalingam , Saranya Bai Selvaraj
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study: the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid swellings and to correlate with histopathological findings to avoid unnecessary surgeries for benign lesions.

Methods: this is a prospective study. A total of 55 cases were studied in the Department of Pathology at A.C.S Medical College and Hospital. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done and correlated with histopathological examination. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated.

Results: majority were noted among 41-50 years (60 %). Females i.e., 78.1 % (43/55) outnumbered males 21.8 % (12/55). Solitary nodule thyroid in Right lobe is 54.5 % (30/55) and left lobe is 45.4 % (25/55). In the present study 65.4 % (36/55) presented with symptoms for 1month – 1 year. Non neoplastic lesions constituted 76.3 % (42/55) in our study on FNAC. Among non-neoplastic lesions, nodular goiter was most reported and constituted 36.6 % (20/55). Neoplastic lesions constituted 23.6 % (13/55) and among neoplastic lesions follicular neoplasm occupied 9.09 % (05/55). Nodular goiter was most reported and constituted 29.0 % (17/55). Follicular adenoma occupied 20 % (11/55), 9.09 % (05/55) as PTC and 5.4 % (02/55) reported as follicular carcinoma. 1.8 % (01/55) each reported as medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 76.3 % (42/55) in our study on FNAC and neoplastic lesions constituted 23.6 % (13/55).

Conclusion: FNAC is a minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost-effective procedure. FNAC helps the clinician to diagnose malignant lesions with confidence. It has high rates of specificity and accuracy but comparatively has less sensitivity to diagnose the solitary thyroid nodule. However, it is an important diagnostic tool for further management of patients with thyroid swelling
Study of association of diabetic retinopathy with dyslipidemia in type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yelamanchili Pasumarthi Pavani , Kurakula Madhuri , Kiranmayi Puwala Sai , Viswanath Kelluru
Published: August 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual disability in the working-age population of industrialized countries. It is considered the hallmark of generalized microangiopathy occurring in a diabetic patient.

The aim: association of Diabetic Retinopathy and CSME with mean values of lipids and Association of the pattern of hard exudates in the fundus in patients with Diabetic retinopathy with or without CSME with mean values of lipids.

Materials and methods: 320 eyes of 160 urban diabetic patients who were seen at the OPD, at Pushpagiri Eye Institute, Secunderabad having diabetic retinopathy were included in the study. Detailed history was taken to note the duration of diabetes, hypertension, history of CAD, CVA, CKD. Patients with duration of diabetes >=5 years were enrolled. Thorough work up was done with slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope and posterior segment was examined to evaluate the stage of diabetic retinopathy and presence or absence of CSME. Patients with DR were investigated for Fasting Lipid Profile and HbA1c.

Results: a total of 320 eyes of 160 patients were included in the study. In patients with CSME, mean values of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, HDL, VLDL were higher in the plaque pattern of hard exudates in the macula compared to Discrete and Circinate. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of total cholesterol (p=0.00), triglycerides (p =0.035), ldl(p=0.00) in discrete and plaque patterns. There was slightly higher prevalence of PDR among hypertensives compared to non-hypertensives. There was no significant association between DR stage and hypertension(p=0.628). The correlation between CSME and BCVA could not be determined accurately due to the presence of cataract in most of the patients.

Conclusion: this study demonstrated that, diabetic retinopathy is not associated with lipid profile whereas there is statistically significant correlation between mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and clinically significant macular edema (CSME)
Characteristics of the degrees of severity of the course of acute intestinal infection in elderly patients with COVID-19
Authors: Shostatska Mariia
Published: August 2022

The article discloses the characteristics of the degrees of severity of acute intestinal infection in elderly and senile patients with COVID-19.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the characteristics of the degrees of severity of acute intestinal infection (AII) in elderly and senile patients with COVID-19.

Materials and methods. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were detected in the patients of the study group by the bacteriological method. The WHO age classification was used to estimate age. The presence of the definition of a coronavirus infection and comorbid conditions was ascertained based on the following methods: selection of indicators of the immunoenzymatic method, PCR test, measurements the degree of saturation of arterial blood with oxygen by pulse oximetry, heart rate, temperature marks, questionnaires NEWS and ABCD for monitoring the dynamics of the disease in patients. Dehydration scale (CDS) was used to determine the severity of acute intestinal infection.

The Charlson comorbidity index was used to characterize comorbid conditions. Statistical methods were used: the Kolmagorov-Smirnov test, the non-parametric Wald Wolfowitz test. The obtained results were performed using the Statistica 13 Trial program. The severity index of COVID-19 has been determined, with the help of which it is possible to identify and sort patients to identify complications and a quick algorithm for the doctor's actions and the conditions of the intensive care unit.

The results. Several indicators of the modified NEWS questionnaire were determined, which confirm that the age of patients ≥ 65 years is associated with a more severe course of the disease. It has been established that such comorbid conditions as: damage to peripheral vessels, dementia, the presence of peptic ulcer disease are associated with a milder course of GKI against the background of COVID-19. The incidence of diabetes without damage to the limbs is reliably associated with a more severe course of the disease. Analyzing the indicators of the ABCD system, namely: age of patients, laboratory and instrumental tests, pantry poor conditions, risk factors associated with the severity of the course of COVID-19 were assessed.

Conclusions. The total result of the Charlson comorbidity index was determined in patients with AII on the background of COVID-19. The results confirm that such patients have a higher probability and risk of mortality.

A direct moderate correlation has been proven between the total result of the NEWS questionnaire and the course of AII, which indicates a higher frequency of the formation of severe forms of the latter in the presence of higher values of the questionnaire and the corresponding more severe course of COVID-19. The results of the severity index of COVID-19 allow us to conclude that the data are associated with an increase in the severity of acute intestinal infection in elderly patients
Formation of the professional culture of future teachers-speech therapists through the use of innovative technologies
Authors: Savinova Natalia , Berehova Maria , Kuterzhynska Kateryna
Published: August 2022

Еducation is aimed at individualization, improvement of the professional route and the process of professional training of future speech therapists. Of particular importance are issues of professional, personal and moral culture, which embody the positive socio-personal achievements of pedagogical skills, personal values and communicative interaction in the system of special and inclusive education to be followed by both children and their parents.
The purpose of the work is to determine the criteria, indicators and diagnostic tasks of formation of the professional culture of future speech therapists, to diagnose the state of formation of the professional culture of future speech therapists.
Diagnostic sections allowed us to determine the criterion-indicator base of formation of the professional culture of future teachers-speech therapists.
The culture of professional communication reflects the level of proficiency in reference speech in compliance with all established requirements of the Ukrainian language (orthoepic norms, lexical and grammatical design, etc.), intonation and content saturation of expression, degree of erudition and general tolerance, conscious and respectful attitude to the subject process.
Personal and professional competence reflects the degree of formation of value professional orientations of the individual, dynamic activity, non-standard and flexible thinking, constant enrichment of special knowledge, interests, skills, broadening horizons, creative understanding of non-standard pedagogical problem situations.
We have developed a set of diagnostic tasks for each of the selected criteria and formed a scale for evaluating their implementation.
Since professional culture is a complex concept that includes integrated personality traits, we have identified the levels of its formation
Choir ensemble issues in the process of forming professional competences of the future teacher-musician
Authors: Sidorova Iryna
Published: August 2022

The question of the special importance of a music teacher in the development of choral culture, which significantly affects the preservation of spiritual values ​​of the younger generation, is considered. The issue of choral ensemble in the process of formation of professional qualities of students of musical specialties of pedagogical educational institutions is covered. One of the professional competencies of a music teacher is the organization and management of vocal and choral activities. It is noted, that for a successful professional activity the teacher-choirmaster needs to understand the importance of the choral ensemble in working with choirs, be able to use different types of ensemble for quality choral sound. A special place in working with the choir is occupied by the feeling of the ensemble, the ability to adjust the choral sonority in accordance with the author's intention to reveal the artistic image.

The essence of the concept of «choral ensemble» is defined and the main types of it are characterized. It is specified, that the choral ensemble is the artistic unity of all components of choral sound and the merging in strength and timbre of individual voices in one choral part and the balance of sound between all parts of the choir. The importance of using such concepts as partial and general, natural and artificial ensemble in the training of future music teachers is revealed. Partial ensembles include ensembles of intonation, combat, timbre, dynamic, metrorhythmic, agogic, diction-orthoepic and tessitura. It is indicated what factors influence the choice of a particular type of ensemble. A number of regularities of the ensemble, which follow from the texture of the musical work, are highlighted. The use of different types of ensemble in practice is described on the examples of choral works. A detailed analysis of all types of choral ensemble is covered in the unaccompanied choral score by L. Shukailo «Oh, on Kupala» from the cantata «Seasons»
The usage of quick response codes: evolution and integration in classroom activities in the context of language learning
Authors: Leshchenko Tetyana , Zhovnir Maryna , Shevchenko Olena , Grinko Natalia
Published: August 2022

The aim of this research is the exploration of the appearance, development, evolution of the Quick Response (QR-codes) and the feasibility of their using in the context of modern education. The authors of this article have shown that QR-codes can be interpreted as specific codes that are quickly readable by smartphones. QR-codes allow connection of real objects with any additional web content. Scanning QR-codes conveys a wide multitude of information, in particular educational materials. The paper emphasizes that оver the past years QR-codes have a wide range of uses across all types of industries and other spheres, specifically retail, marketing, advertising and logistics, etc. The authors have shown that the use of QR-codes in the field of education can be interesting and accessible in the context of the relevance of learning with the using of modern devices, and mobile learning. The research shows that the implementation of the modern technologies can contribute to the learning visible outcomes. The research presents the prerequisites and algorithm for the successful and methodically motivated use of QR-codes in education, especially language learning. It is noted, that QR-codes make it possible to combine educational material with additional web content, traditional learning environment with virtual. The attention is paid to technical means that provide access to encoded educational information. It is noted, that students must have special smartphones, cameras and a corresponding mobile application, downloaded to the phone for the successful using of QR-codes. The technical component contributes to the successful completing of assignments with QR-codes. In this context, applications that allow the combination of digital and physical information in real time through the use of mobile devices have special relevance. The technical characteristics of this tool in education can get extra motivation in students, since it involves a game in a natural format for them. In addition, the article presents the results of an experiment, conducted to clarify the purposes and areas of the use of QR-codes, applying them to access educational content
Development of methodological principles of routing in networks of special communication in the conditions of fire damage and radio electronic flow
Authors: Sova Oleg
Published: August 2022

The object of research is a system of special communication. Decision making support systems (DMSS) are actively used in all spheres of human life. They are especially common in the processing of large data sets, forecasting processes, providing information support in the decision-making process by decision-makers. Systems of analysis of information transmission in special purpose radio communication systems are no exception. However, there are a number of problems in the transmission of information, namely: the transmission of information takes place in a complex electronic environment against the background of intentional and natural interference; elements of the radio communication system are the objects of primary fire damage due to high radio visibility for radio intelligence. The best solution in this situation is to integrate with the data of the information system analysis of the electronic environment, artificial neural networks and the ant algorithm. Their advantage is also the ability to work in real time and quickly adapt to specific situations. Therefore, in this paper the methodological principles of routing in special communication networks in the conditions of fire damage and electronic suppression are developed.
Improving the efficiency of information processing (reducing error) evaluation is achieved through the use of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks; learning not only the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, but also the type and parameters of the membership function. Efficiency of information processing is also achieved through training in the architecture of artificial neural networks; taking into account the type of uncertainty of the information to be assessed; synthesis of rational structure of fuzzy cognitive model. It reduces the computational complexity of decision-making; absence of accumulation of an error of training of artificial neural networks as a result of processing of the information arriving on an input of artificial neural networks. The approbation of the use of the offered technique on the example of the estimation of information transfer in the conditions of influence of destabilizing factors is carried out. This example showed an increase in the efficiency of evaluation at the level of 15–25 % on the efficiency of information processing.
Overview of assessment of enterprise assets according to national accounting standards in the context of safe risks
Authors: Zatoka Tetiana
Published: August 2022

The prerequisites for revising the revaluation of non-current assets of an enterprise and highlighting the methodological aspects of applying individual national accounting standards (regulations) are considered. The object of the study is the assessment of the assets of the enterprise, which is necessary for the reliable display of information about assets in the financial statements, in the presence of security risks. The application of a valuation requires professional judgment to be made about the fair value of the subject matter. At the same time, the concept of fair, market, net realizable value must be divided taking into account the requirements of national accounting standards (regulations) (NAS(R)). In the case that national standards do not provide an answer to certain questions of the methodology for establishing and revising estimates, the norms of international financial reporting standards should be taken into account. Recognition of accounting items at fair value today is widely used in international practice, in contrast to the Ukrainian experience. Valuation and accounting are interrelated concepts, since financial statements must reflect complete, reliable and impartial information about the value of accounting objects.
Today, in Ukrainian accounting, the issue of carrying out the recognition procedure at fair value remains important. This is due to the lack of specific methodological support for this procedure. An analysis of the existing requirements for determining the fair value of certain types of assets makes it possible to make decisions on the basic approach to valuation of assets in the presence of security risks. It was determined that the signs of depreciation of assets under martial law with a high degree of probability is a decrease in the market value of the asset during the reporting period significantly more than expected. This group of signs also includes physical damage to the asset; significant negative changes in the external environment; Significant changes in the way the asset is used during the reporting period.