bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Recurrent t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) Can Occur as a Post-Zygotic Event
Authors: Correll-Tash Sarah , Conlin Laura , Mininger Beth A. , Lilley Brenna , Mennuti Michael T. , Emanuel Beverly S.
Published: December 2018

The AT-rich repeat on chromosome 22q11.2 is known to be involved in the recurrent constitutional t(11;22)(q23;q11.2). Segregation of this translocation has been reported in several hundred families, but a de novo translocation event has been identified in only 8 cases, and everytime the translocation originated in paternal germ-line chromosomes. Further, de novo t(11;22) rearrangements have been detected in the sperm of healthy males, leading to the hypothesis that it occurs somewhere along the meiosis-spermatogenesis pathway. This report describes a woman whose constitutional karyotype revealed mosaicism for the recurrent t(11;22) and the subsequent testing performed to determine the origin of the translocation event. Karyotype analysis, translocation-specific PCR, human identity testing, and a SNP genotyping array were performed to detect mosaicism and/or chimerism. As a result, the SNP genotyping array revealed no evidence for mosaicism in genomic DNA beyond mosaicism for the balanced t(11;22). Human identity testing and the SNP genotyping array ruled out chimerism. PCR of the translocation breakpoint followed by sequencing confirmed that the translocation had occurred at the typical t(11;22) breakpoints. In conclusion, these results indicate that the translocation occurred post-fertilization, providing the first evidence of a de novo t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) occurring in a maternal mitotic environment.
Exercise Reduces Salivary Morning Cortisol Levels in Patients with Depression
Authors: Rahman Md Shafiqur , Zhao Xuan , Liu Jia Jia , Torres Enid Quintana , Tibert Babylonia , Kumar Parvin , Kaldo Viktor , Lindefors Nils , Forsell Yvonne , Lavebratt Catharina
Published: December 2018

Purpose of the Study: Cortisol hypersecretion plays a role in depression pathophysiology. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) and physical exercise (PE) are new treatment alternatives for depression, and their long-lasting effect on cortisol is unknown. We investigated cortisol level changes after 12 weeks of ICBT, PE or treatment as usual (TAU). Procedures: The present pre-post repeated measure study analysed data derived from a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of 12 weeks’ interventions of ICBT, PE and TAU in depressed primary care patients (Sweden 2011–2013) and aimed at prospectively evaluating the within-group effects of ICBT, PE and TAU on diurnal salivary cortisol levels in a small representative subsample (n = 56, 38 and 27, respectively). Results: We found a marked flattening of the diurnal cortisol slope (p = 0.004) and a reduced cortisol level at awakening (p = 0.017) after 12 weeks of PE treatment. No apparent effects of ICBT or TAU interventions were seen on diurnal cortisol levels. Conclusions and Message: PE reduced the rate of cortisol level decline across the day in depressed adults. ICBT and TAU treatments had no detectable effects on diurnal cortisol levels. Larger samples are required for the detection and comparison of smaller effects of PE, ICBT and TAU on diurnal cortisol levels.
A Promising New Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: Transfer of Stem Cell-Derived Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Positive Cells
Authors: Ebbinghaus Matthias , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa , Segond von Banchet Gisela , Stangl Hubert , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Straub Rainer H. , Schaible Hans-Georg
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The appearance of endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells (TH+ cells) in collagen-induced arthritis was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect. Here we investigated putative anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the transfer of induced, bone marrow stem cell-derived TH+ cells (iTH+ cells) on murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Methods: Bone marrow-derived stem cells were differentiated into iTH+ cells. These cells were transferred to mice immunized against methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) 2 days before AIA was induced by injection of mBSA into one knee joint. In AIA control mice and iTH+-treated mice the severity of AIA, pain-related behavior, humoral and cellular responses, and the invasion of macrophages into the dorsal root ganglia were assessed. Results: The intravenous transfer of iTH+ cells before AIA induction did not cause a sustained suppression of AIA severity but significantly reduced inflammation-evoked pain-related behavior. The iTH+ cells used for transfer exhibited enormous production of interleukin-4. A major difference between AIA control mice and iTH+-treated AIA mice was a massive invasion of the dorsal root ganglia by iNOS-negative, arginine 1-positive macrophages corresponding to an M2 phenotype. The differences in other cellular and humoral immune parameters such as release of cytokines from stimulated lymphocytes between AIA control mice and iTH+-treated mice were small. Conclusions: The transfer of iTH+ cells may cause a long-lasting reduction of arthritis-induced pain even if it does not ameliorate inflammation. The invasion of M2 macrophages into the dorsal root ganglia is likely to be an important mechanism of antinociception.
Immediate and Late Effects of Stress on Kidneys of Prepubertal and Adult Rats
Authors: Marchon Roger Gaspar , Ribeiro Carina Teixeira , Costa Waldemar Silva , Sampaio Francisco José Barcellos , Pereira-Sampaio Marco Aurélio , de Souza Diogo Benchimol
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: Stress had been related to physiological and morphological alterations in different organs, however kidney morphology and function after stress conditions are not well-known. To evaluate the effects of chronic stress on renal morphology in prepubertal and adult rats, and to investigate if the effects of induced stress remain stable or worsen following removal of the stress stimuli. Methods: Forty prepubertal rats (4 weeks old) and thirty six adult rats (10 weeks old) were used. Each age group was divided a into control group and a stressed group. Stressed animals were restrained in rigid tubes 2 hours per day for 6 weeks. Animals were euthanized 24 hours after the last stress stimulus for immediate evaluation (50% of the groups), and 6 weeks after the last stress stimulus for late evaluation (50% of the groups). Kidney weight and volume, cortical-medullar ratio, glomerular volumetric density, volume-weighted glomerular volume, and number of glomeruli per kidney were evaluated using the Image J software. Results: Prepubertal stressed animals showed reduced kidney weight and volume, and increased cortical-medullar ratio in comparison to its control group when evaluated immediately. Furthermore, stressed prepubertal and adult animals evaluated immediately had reduced glomerular volumetric density. Most importantly, all stressed groups exhibited reduced number of glomeruli per kidney. Other analyzed parameters did not difeer significantly the groups. Conclusion: Chronic stress induced before and after puberty led to irreversible glomerular loss, however, renal impairment was interrupted by removal of the stress stimuli.
A Case of Massive Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism Induced by Artificial Pneumothorax and Its Analysis
Authors: Gou Xiao-Hua , Yang Wei , Zhang Yan-Li , Li Ya , Wu Xin
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cerebral arterial air embolism. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: The clinical data of a patient with cerebral arterial air embolism induced during artificial pneumothorax were retrospectively analyzed. The patient needed the induction of artificial pneumothorax for medical thoracoscopy but developed hemiplegia and disturbance of consciousness during the induction. Cerebral arterial air embolism was detected by head computed tomography. Conclusion: Artificial pneumothorax may induce cerebral arterial air embolism.
A new species of Craugastor (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane rainforest of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Erick , Chaves Gerardo , Parra-Olea Gabriela
Published: December 2018

A new species of Craugastor (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane rainforest of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. A new dirt frog of the Craugastor podiciferus Species Group is described from Costa Rica; it is restricted to elevations between 2330 and 2700 m a.s.l. in the montane rainforest of the Cordillera de Talamanca. Analysis of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes reveals a distinct lineage within the C. podiciferus Species Group. Additional morphological and morphometric analyses support the distinctiveness of this lineage that is described as a new species herein. The species is distinguished from other members of the C. podiciferus Species Group by its unique coloration: a violet-brown to blackish brown venter with white pigment forming blotches, and dark brown palmar surfaces with prominent white folds between subarticular tubercles in the adults. The genetic divergence of the species from other members of the C. podiciferus Species Group is signifcant (higher than 9.2% in 16S and 13.3% in COI). Although not closely related, it resembles C. podiciferus morphologically, a species that also inhabits montane rainforest. The discovery of this new species highlights the importance of montane rainforest as a center of species richness and endemism.
New Molecular Mechanism Underlying Myc‐Mediated Cytochrome P450 2E1 Upregulation in Apoptosis and Energy Metabolism in the Myocardium
Authors: Guan Feifei , Yang Xinlan , Li Jing , Dong Wei , Zhang Xu , Liu Ning , Gao Shan , Wang Jizheng , Zhang Lianfeng , Lu Dan
Published: December 2018

Background

Canonical studies indicate that cytochrome P450 2E1 (
CYP
2E1) plays a critical role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and ultimately participates in tissue damage.
CYP
2E1 upregulates in the pathophysiological development of multiple diseases; however, the mechanism of
CYP
2E1 upregulation, particularly in heart disease, remains elusive.

Methods and Results

We found that the level of
CYP
2E1 increased in heart tissues from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; multiple mouse models of heart diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial ischemia; and
HL
‐1 myocytes under stress. We determined that Myc bound to the
CYP
2E1 promoter and activated its transcription by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Myc expression was modulated by extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B pathways under stress or injury in myocardium by signal transduction analysis. In addition, the level of oxidative stress and apoptosis gradually worsened with age in transgenic mice overexpressing
CYP
2E1, which was significantly inhibited with
CYP
2E1 knockdown.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that
CYP
2E1 is likely a sensor of diverse pathophysiological factors and states in the myocardium. Upregulated
CYP
2E1 has multiple pathophysiological roles in the heart, including increased oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as energy supply to meet the energy demand of the heart in certain disease states. Our discovery thus provides a basis for a therapeutic strategy for heart diseases targeting Myc and
CYP
2E1.
Impact of Slice Thickness on the Predictive Value of Lung Cancer Screening Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Christensen Jared L. , Sharma Esseim , Gorvitovskaia Anastassia Y. , Watts Jerome P. , Assali Maen , Neverson Jade , Wu Wen‐Chih , Choudhary Gaurav , Morrison Alan R.
Published: December 2018

Background

Image reconstruction thickness may impact quantitative coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) from lung cancer screening computed tomography (LCSCT), limiting its application in practice.

Methods and Results

We evaluated Agatston‐based quantitative CACS from 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography for agreement in 87 patients. We then evaluated Agatston‐based quantitative CACS from 1.25‐, 2.5‐, and 5.0‐mm slice thickness LCSCT for agreement in 258 patients. Secondary analysis included the impact of slice thickness on predictive value of 4‐year outcomes. Median age of patients who underwent 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography was 63 years (interquartile interval, 57, 68). CACS from 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography demonstrated a strong Pearson correlation, R=0.9770 (0.965, 0.985), with good agreement. The receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve for cardiac computed tomography and LCSCT were comparable at 0.8364 (0.6628, 1.01) and 0.8208 (0.6431, 0.9985), respectively (
P
=0.733). Median age of patients who underwent LCSCT with 3 slice thicknesses was 66 years (interquartile interval, 63, 73). Compared with CACS from 1.25‐mm scans, CACS from 2.5‐ and 5.0‐mm scans demonstrated strong Pearson correlations, R=0.9949 (0.9935, 0.996) and R=0.9478 (0.9338, 0.959), respectively, though bias was largely negative for 5.0‐mm scans. Receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve for 1.25‐, 2.5‐, and 5.0‐mm scans were comparable at 0.7040 (0.6307, 0.7772), 0.7063 (0.6327, 0.7799), and 0.7194 (0.6407, 0.7887), respectively (
P
=0.6487). When using individualized high‐risk thresholds derived from respective receiver operating characteristic curves, all slice thicknesses demonstrated similar prognostic value.

Conclusions

Slice thickness is an important consideration when interpreting Agatston CACS from LCSCTs. Despite the absence of ECG gating, it appears reasonable to report CACS from either 1.25‐ or 2.5‐mm slice thickness LCSCT to help stratify cardiovascular risk. Conversely, 5.0‐mm scans largely underidentify calcium, limiting practical use within the established CACS values used to categorize cardiovascular risk.
Negative Affect and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: MESA
Authors: Garg Parveen K. , O'Neal Wesley T. , Diez‐Roux Ana V. , Alonso Alvaro , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Heckbert Susan
Published: December 2018

Background

Current literature examining the prospective relationship between depression and other measures of negative affect with atrial fibrillation (AF) are limited. We determined the relationships of depression, anger, anxiety, and chronic stress with incident
AF
in a multiethnic cohort of middle‐ and older‐aged adults.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 6644 MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study participants who were free of
AF
at baseline. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and defined as either a 20‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16 or use of antidepressant medications. The Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, and Chronic Burden Scale were also administered at baseline to assess anger, anxiety, and chronic stress, respectively. The primary outcome was incident
AF
, identified by follow‐up study visit ECGs, hospital discharge diagnoses, or Medicare claims data. A total of 875 (13%) incident
AF
cases were detected over a median follow‐up of nearly 13 years. A Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16 (referent, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score <2) and antidepressant use were associated with a 34% and 36% higher risk of
AF
, respectively, in separate adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% CI 1.04–1.74 for Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥16; hazard ratio, 1.36; 95%
CI
, 1.04–1.77 for antidepressant use). No significant associations were observed for anger, anxiety, or chronic stress with development of
AF
.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of incident
AF
. Further study into whether improving depressive symptoms reduces
AF
incidence is important.
Cardiovascular Diseases Deaths Attributable to High Sodium Intake in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Jiyu , Guo Xiaolei , Lu Zilong , Tang Junli , Li Yichong , Xu Aiqiang , Liu Shiwei
Published: December 2018

Background

High sodium intake elevates blood pressure and thereby raises cardiovascular diseases (
CVD
s). Sodium intake is high in northern China, including Shandong province where the SMASH (Shandong‐Ministry of Health Action on Sodium and Hypertension) is currently underway.

Methods and Results

Blood pressure values and sodium intake measurements using 24‐hour urinary excretion were collected from the 2011
SMASH
baseline survey, which was conducted in 20 counties/districts using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. We derived cause‐specific mortality from the Shandong Death Registration System (
SDRS
) during the same year and used population‐attributable fraction to estimate annual
CVD
s deaths attributable to high sodium intake (mediated through elevated systolic blood pressure) and
CVD
deaths averted by achieving different sodium‐reduction targets. Overall, 16 100 (95% uncertainty intervals, 11 000–22 600)
CVD
deaths among adults aged 25 to 69 years, including 5600 (4000–6500) for ischemic heart disease and 9000 (6700–11 600) for stroke, were attributable to higher sodium intake (2000 mg/day or 5.0 g/day of salt as a reference) in Shandong in 2011, accounting for 19.9% (13.7–25.0%) of total
CVD
deaths. The benefit of
CVD
deaths from sodium reduction is considerable with 8800 (6400–13 600), 6700 (4900–11 600), and 8500 (6000–10 800) averted, respectively, if sodium intake was reduced from the 2011 baseline to 3500 mg/day, 4000 mg/day, or reduced by 30%.

Conclusions

Nearly 20% of
CVD
deaths among adults aged 25 to 69 years could be attributable to the systolic blood pressure–raising effect of high sodium intake in Shandong in 2011. Potential benefits from population reduction of sodium intake are considerable.
Taxonomic notes on Iris ser. Lacteae (Iridaceae) with typifications of fifteen names and one new combination
Authors: BOLTENKOV EUGENY V.
Published: December 2018

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, discussed in the article, are based on the result of a taxonomic revision of Iris ser. Lacteae, which is currently underway. This series includes 3 species: I. lactea, I. oxypetala, and I. tibetica. The protologues, relevant literature, and the types of all the published names belonging to the series have been reviewed. Iris lactea, in addition to the type form with milky-white flower colour, is represented by I. lactea f. biglumis, being the most widely distributed form with light-blue or pale-purple flower colour, and by I. lactea f. chrysantha, showing yellow inner perigone segments. Both taxa are typified here, and a new combination is proposed. The typification of the following names, all synonyms of either I. lactea f. biglumis (I. caricifolia, I. doniana, I. ensata var. grandiflora, I. fragrans, I. haematophylla, I. iliensis, I. longifolia, I. longispatha, I. pabularia, I. pallasii, and I. triflora) or I. oxypetala (I. moorcroftiana and I. pallasii var. chinensis) is also discussed. A list of accepted names within I. ser. Lacteae and their synonyms, including an identification key, is provided.
Morphology and biology of the antlion Myrmeleon yemenicus Hölzel, 2002 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)*
Authors: DEVETAK DUŠAN , LIPOVŠEK SAŠKA , PABST MARIA-ANNA
Published: December 2018

The antlion Myrmeleon yemenicus is known from SW of the Arabian Peninsula where it inhabits shrubland and rock communities at the altitudes higher than 1800 metres above sea level. Morphology and behaviour of larvae and adults are described. Larvae construct conical pits in loose soil and wait for prey at the bottom of the trap. Catching behaviour comprises sand tossing, prey beating, grasping and prey submersion. On sand surface, larvae move only backwards. Dark brown spots on dorsal and ventral sides of the head are characteristic for the larvae. Eye tubercles are not prominent and mandibles are equipped with numerous long bristles oriented laterally. Body surface is covered with longitudinally grooved bristles and plumose hairs. On the tip of the antennae and labial palps sensilla basiconica occur. Small submedian teeth are located on abdominal sternite 8. Typical pattern of arrangement of digging bristles comprises eight bristles in the posterior row, and four bristles in the row immediately in front.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973, with the description of four new species from southeastern India (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea)
Authors: REDDY YENUMULA RANGA , TOTAKURA VENKATESWARA RAO
Published: December 2018

The genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973, presently contains six species. Four new species of the genus Habrobathynella, viz. H. krishna n. sp., H. vaitarini n. sp., H. savitri n. sp. and H. vidua n. sp. are described and illustrated herein and their taxonomic position in the genus Habrobathynella discussed. Inhabiting certain rivers and borewells in the State of Andhra Pradesh, southeastern India, these new species introduce several morphologic features that are unique to either the genus or the family Parabathynellidae. The spine row on the uropodal sympod now displays five character states, and high diversity is also seen in the male thoracopod VIII. The salient morphologic characters and their various states in all the habrobathynellid species are reviewed and the original generic diagnosis revised. The palpless mandible with somewhat pyriform pars molaris, bearing 5–6 teeth, is recognised as a signal synapomorphy of Habrobathynella. Two more synapomorphies based on the male thoracopod VIII and caudal furca are added. Considering its special importance in taxonomy, the male thoracopod VIII of the four already known Indian species, viz. H. nagarjunai Ranga Reddy, 2002; H. schminkei Ranga Reddy, 2004; H. indicaRanga Reddy & Schminke, 2005 and H. plenituda Ranga Reddy & Schminke, 2009, has been reexamined based on topotypes and freshly illustrated with line drawings and digital images, and errors in the original accounts are corrected. Also, the ecology, biogeography and conservation of Habrobathynella species are briefly discussed.
Chimaera notafricana sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae), a new species of chimaera from southern Africa
Authors: KEMPER JENNY M. , EBERT DAVID A. , COMPAGNO LEONARD J. V. , DIDIER DOMINIQUE A.
Published: December 2018

A new species of chimaera, Chimaera notafricana sp. nov., is described from specimens collected off the west and south coasts of southern Africa. The new species is distinguished from its closest congener, the eastern North Atlantic Chimaera monstrosa, by a combination of morphometric characters and coloration: pectoral fin when depressed reaches to origin of pelvic fin base; caudal fin ventral margin terminating slightly posterior to caudal fin dorsal margin insertion; distance from anterior base of dorsal-fin spine to center of supratemporal canal short (6.5–14.8% HDL); pelvic claspers externally trifid and short (12.1–12.3% BDL), divided for distal one-third of length, not extending past distal tip of pelvic fins; uniform blackish brown with dark bluish streaking, precaudal tail with longitudinal light and dark stripes. This new species has a restricted distribution from Lüderitz, Namibia to south of Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Considerations on the genus Gordius (Nematomorpha, horsehair worms), with the description of seven new species
Authors: SCHMIDT-RHAESA ANDREAS
Published: December 2018

Specimens belonging to the genus Gordius (horsehair worms, Nematomorpha) are comparatively poor in diagnostic characters and determination of species is difficult. The characters important for determination (coloration, size, shape of anterior and posterior end, structures in the male posterior end, cuticular structure) are discussed. From the 119 species of the genus, 40 are regarded as invalid. The remaining 79 species and their characters are summarized in a table. The species Gordius aquaticus is the best known name among nematomorphs, but its diagnostic characters are critically reviewed. Recent methods such as SEM reveal characters such as the presence of fine bristles in the posterior end or different fine structures of the cuticular surface. Such characters were not included in older descriptions and their value for taxonomy will become apparent as more data is available. Despite such problems some specimens show unique and new characters or character combinations and the following seven species are described as new: G. balcanicus sp. nov. from Serbia, G. digitatus sp. nov. from Croatia, G. helveticus sp. nov. from Swizerland, G. karwendeli sp. nov. from Germany, G. pesici sp. nov. from Montenegro, G. serratus sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and G. zwicki sp. nov. from Russia.
New seamount- and ridge-associated cyclostome Bryozoa from New Zealand
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P. , TAYLOR PAUL D.
Published: December 2018

Recent sampling of seamount and ridge habitats in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone has yielded new cyclostome bryozoan taxa. We describe here one new genus, a new name, Dartevellopora (to replace the generic homonym Dartevellia Borg, 1944) and ten new species, comprising Filicisparsa albobrunnea n. sp. (Oncousoeciidae), Discantenna tumba n. gen., n. sp. (Diastoporidae), Supercytis gracilis n. sp. (family incertae sedis), Filifascigera brevicaudex (Frondiporidae); Plagioecia parva n. sp. (Plagioeciidae), Favosipora bathyalis n. sp. (Densiporidae), and Dartevellopora neozelanica n. sp., D. rugosa n. sp., Disporella minicamera and D. minutissima n. sp. (Lichenoporidae). Seven of the new species occurred in the “Graveyard Seamount Complex” on the north-central Chatham Rise to the east of the South Island. Of these, three species and one new genus are known only from the type locality on “Graveyard” Seamount ― the most intensively fished of the seamounts in the complex by heavy bottom-trawl gear, which has implications for species conservation. Evidence based on discrimination between benthic invertebrate assemblages of hard bottoms on fished and unfished seamounts in the area suggests that small, short-lived taxa like cyclostome bryozoans might not be disadvantaged by bottom-trawling.
Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China
Authors: GONG ZHENG , FREYHOF JÖRG , WANG JIAN , LIU MENG , LIU FEI , LIN PENGCHENG , JIANG YUELIANG , LIU HUANZHANG
Published: December 2018

Two new species of the fish genus Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are described from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China. Garra motuoensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is primarily distinguished from the members of this group by having a prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed proboscis; 6–20 small to middle-sized unicuspid tubercles on the anterior region of the proboscis, some middle-sized unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe of the snout, and several small unicuspid tubercles on the lateral surface of snout; the anus situated slightly closer to the anal-fin origin than to the pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 36–46% of pelvic-anal distance); 36–37 lateral-line scales; and 12 circumpeduncular scales. Garra yajiangensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is primarily distinguished from the members of this group by having a prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed proboscis, covered with 2–7 middle-sized unicuspid tubercles, including two large-sized tubercles on anterior margin of each lobe; some small unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe and the lateral surface of snout; the anus situated substantially closer to the anal-fin origin than to the pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 19–24% of pelvic-anal distance); 34–36 lateral-line scales; and 12 circumpeduncular scales. The validities of these two new species were also corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b gene sequences.
First zoeal stage of Plesionika crosnieri Chan & Yu, 1991, P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902, and P. semilaevis Bate, 1888, with remarks on the early larvae of Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Authors: JIANG GUO-CHEN , LANDEIRA JOSÉ M. , SHIH TUNG-WEI , CHAN TIN-YAM
Published: December 2018

The morphology of first stage zoea larvae of three pandalid shrimps Plesionika crosnieri Chan & Yu, 1991, P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902, and P. semilaevis Bate, 1888 are described for the first time from larvae obtained in laboratory culture. The zoea I is compared amongst those species of the genus Plesionika with larval morphology known. It is found that the length of the rostrum, the number of anteroventral denticles on the carapace, presence of exopodal setae in the maxillule, and setation pattern of the peduncle of antennule, endopod of antenna, and coxa/basis of maxillipeds are useful characters in distinguishing these larvae.
The advertisement call of the treefrog Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Anura: Hylidae), with notes on its natural history and toxicity
Authors: DE SOUZA CAMILA CAMARGO , RIVERA-CORREA MAURICIO , PADIAL JOSE M. , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO
Published: December 2018

Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Fig. 1A) is a Neotropical treefrog (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Faivovich et al. 2005) known only from disjunct localities in Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Pérez-Villota et al. 2009). This species has the skin of the skull co-ossified and reproduces—including calling behavior, egg deposition and tadpole development—in water-filled tree or bamboo cavities (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Duellman 1978). Given its secretive behavior, this is a poorly known species and, as noted by Duellman (1978: 169), “the major clue to the life history of Nyctimantis is the calling behavior of the males”. Unfortunately, the only quantitative description of the advertisement call of N. rugiceps is a brief passage in Duellman (1978) based on four specimens from Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, where important variables are missing (e.g., call duration). More importantly, graphs illustrating the waveform and spectrogram are missing. Considering these limitations and the importance of advertisement calls to the study of anurans (Köhler et al. 2017), we provide a quantitative description using a call recording obtained in Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia.
Urban Influences on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Runoff and Precipitation during the 2009 Atlanta Flood
Authors: Debbage Neil , Shepherd J. Marshall
Published: December 2018

The 2009 Atlanta flood was a historic event that resulted in catastrophic damage throughout the metropolitan area. The flood was the product of several hydrometeorological processes, including moist antecedent conditions, ample atmospheric moisture, and mesoscale training. Additionally, previous studies hypothesized that the urban environment of Atlanta altered the location and/or overall quantities of precipitation and runoff that ultimately produced the flood. This hypothesis was quantitatively evaluated by conducting a modeling case study that utilized the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Two model runs were performed: 1) an urban run designed to accurately depict the flood event and 2) a nonurban simulation where the urban footprint of Atlanta was replaced with natural vegetation. Comparing the output from the two simulations revealed that interactions with the urban environment enhanced the precipitation and runoff associated with the flood. Specifically, the nonurban model underestimated the cumulative precipitation by approximately 100 mm in the area downwind of Atlanta where urban rainfall enhancement was hypothesized. This notable difference was due to the increased surface convergence observed in the urban simulation, which was likely attributable to the enhanced surface roughness and thermal properties of the urban environment. The findings expand upon previous research focused on urban rainfall effects since they demonstrate that urban interactions can influence mesoscale hydrometeorological characteristics during events with prominent synoptic-scale forcing. Finally, from an urban planning perspective, the results highlight a potential two-pronged vulnerability of urban environments to extreme rainfall, as they may enhance both the initial precipitation and subsequent runoff.
Historical and Future Changes in Asset Value and GDP in Areas Exposed to Tropical Cyclones in China
Authors: Ye Mengqi , Wu Jidong , Wang Cailin , He Xin
Published: December 2018

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can wreak havoc on the landscape and overwhelm communities. Since economic exposure is an important factor in damage function, an evaluation of economic exposure is essential because the characteristics of TC-related hazards are changing under accelerating economic development patterns. Here, we first reconstructed the wind and rainfall fields of historical TCs through an extensive database to extract the economic exposure to TC-prone areas on the mainland of China. We found that rainfall is an important factor in determining the affected extent of a TC event and that economic exposure will be misestimated when considering only the wind field. The results reveal that economic exposure to TCs has increased considerably from 1990 to 2015 and will continue to increase until the year 2100 under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We found that 66.7% of China’s gross domestic product [GDP; CNY 48.6 trillion (7.8 trillion U.S. dollars)] and 63.9% of China’s asset value [CNY 139.5 trillion (22.4 trillion U.S. dollars)] were concentrated in TC-prone areas in 2015 and increased at an average annual rate of 10.6% and 13.9%, respectively. Projections of GDP scenarios under SSPs revealed continued growth in the early twenty-first century, and the range of GDP and asset value in TC-prone areas by 2100 varied. Further detailed studies are needed to provide a detailed damage function for TC loss assessments under climate change and to consider how TC hazards will interact under changes in exposure and vulnerability related to economic development and social change.
Awareness About Ebola Virus Disease Among the Health Care Professionals in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Kashif , Adil Syed Omair , Akber Subhana , Khan Shakir , Lal Nand , Bhutto Zubeda , Abdullah Shehzada
Published: December 2018

Background: Ebola virus disease is an acute and life-threatening illness, which, if untreated, is fatal. It was first discovered in 1976, which aware the world with sporadic outbreaks of Ebola in some parts of Africa. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the natural reservoir for Ebola virus remains unknown; however, it is yet to be affirmed that the natural habitat is animal-borne where bats are most likely to carry over this virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate awareness of health care professionals as they serve as the integral part of our health care system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 149 health care workers (HCWs) in Civil Hospital of Karachi from June 2015 to August 2015. The study participants were randomly selected individuals who were students of and/or were working in the university’s affiliated tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Baseline characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1. Median age of the participants is 21 (range: 17-24) years. Female preponderance was found to be higher (104; 69.8%) as compared with the males (45; 30.2%). Discipline of majority of the study participants was medical technology (80; 53.7%), followed by nurses (38; 25.5%) and doctors (31; 20.8%). Majority of the study respondents were undergraduate medical students (60; 75%) as compared with medical technologist and the nurses (17; 24.6%) with a P value < .001 as shown in Figure 1. The mean for correct responses was 8.43 ± 4.08 (range: 3-17). Appropriate knowledge was observed in 84 (56.4%) responders and inappropriate knowledge was observed in 65 (43.6%) of the study respondents. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is an unsatisfactory knowledge about Ebola virus disease among health care professionals. Moreover, public health authorities should signify the importance of prevention against Ebola virus disease not only among the health care professionals but also into the communities through mass media and awareness campaigns which can thus halt the panic and incidence of Ebola virus outbreaks in coming decades.
Fractional Factorial Experimental Designs in Marketing Research
Authors: Holland Charles W. , Cravens David W.
Published: December 2018

Fractional factorial experimental designs typically yield favorable cost-benefit relationships when compared to the various classical designs. The essential aspects of the fractional factorial design are outlined, and its use in the study of a marketing problem is illustrated. The types of research situations where the design is potentially useful are identified.
Price Reliance: Existence and Sources
Authors: Shapiro Benson P.
Published: December 2018

The relationship between price and perceived quality is investigated for a variety of products in an experimental situation. The correlates of the consumer's use of price as a communicator of quality (price reliance) is determined and incorporated into a model of the sources of price reliance.
Degrees of Product Newness and Early Trial
Authors: Donnelly James H. , Etzel Michael J.
Published: December 2018

Although numerous demographic and behavioral characteristics have been associated with early triers, little research has been done examining the relationship between early trial and product attributes. This study suggests that the degree of newness of a product is a major factor in determining who tries it.
Ethics in Marketing Research: Their Practical Relevance
Authors: Tybout Alice M. , Zaltman Gerald
Published: December 2018

An understanding of ethical issues involved in marketing research may contribute to the quality of research data. This article discusses subjects’ rights in marketing research and how their violation may affect the quality of data.
A Congruence Model of Brand Preference: A Theoretical and Empirical Study
Authors: Stanton John L. , Lowenhar Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2018

This article offers an individual need-based distance model for the explanation and prediction of brand preference. The model is based upon the hypothetical symmetry between a consumer's needs and his perception of alternative brands’ ability to satisfy those needs. Both the theoretical basis for the model and a series of empirical tests are discussed.
Pooling Issues and Methods in Regression Analysis with Examples in Marketing Research
Authors: Bass Frank M. , Wittink Dick R.
Published: December 2018

The existence of multiple observations within several cross sections gives rise to both opportunities and problems in the application of regression analysis. In this article the issues associated with the decision of whether or not to pool the data for purposes of estimation are explored and examples of marketing applications are provided.
Increase in Sales Due to In-Store Display
Authors: Chevalier Michel
Published: December 2018

A factorial experiment measures the impact of in-store displays on sales for different product characteristics. Variables related to growth or competitive structure are found significant, while market share of the test item in the product category, level of price cut, and advertising to sales ratio have no effect on the impact of display.
The Researcher's Sample: A Review of the Choice of Respondents in Marketing Research
Authors: Permut Steven E. , Michel Allen J. , Joseph Monica
Published: December 2018

All respondent samples reported during a 10-year span of the JMR were examined individually. On the basis of nine specific criteria, such as sex, age, and occupation, respondent samples were found to be poorly and incompletely specified. Thus major difficulties are suggested in attempts to replicate, and thereby to verify, much of the marketing research reported in the literature.
A Method for Analyzing New Formulation Decisions
Authors: Villani Kathryn E. A. , Morrison Donald G.
Published: December 2018

Because of inflation and supply shortages, managements increasingly have had to consider product reformulation as a means of keeping production costs down and retail prices competitive. An analytical approach is presented for estimating the market sizes for current and proposed new formulations of a product or brand. The analysis suggests fundamental issues that should be considered in the design and interpretation of research relevant to the reformulation decision, such as taste tests, announcement of the formulation change, and simulated shopping situations.
Logically Consistent Market Share Models II
Authors: McGuire Timothy W. , Weiss Doyle L.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this report is to discuss, explain, and position the more notable literature on logically consistent market share demand models. More specifically, the report explains and provides examples for the analysis by McGuire et al., discusses the recent paper by Naert and Bultez, and comments on a recent related article by Beckwith.
A Quantitative Review of Research Design Effects on Response Rates to Questionnaires
Authors: Yu Julie , Cooper Harris
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive literature review of techniques used to increase response rates to questionnaires was conducted. Conclusions were based on arithmetic combination of 497 response rates found in 93 journal articles. Response rates were found to be increased by personal and telephone (versus mail) surveys, either prepaid or promised incentives, nonmonetary premiums and rewards, and increasing amounts of monetary reward. Other facilitators that increased responding were preliminary notification, foot-in-the-door techniques, personalization, and followup letters. Several facilitators were found to be ineffective. An estimated magnitude of effect was calculated for each design variation.
The Misuse of Repeated Measures Analysis in Marketing Research
Authors: Latour Stephen A. , Miniard Paul W.
Published: December 2018

The use of repeated measures or within-subjects designs has become common in marketing research. A review of articles employing such designs suggests that researchers may not fully appreciate the nature and assumptions of repeated measures analyses.
Forecasting with Diagonal Multiple Time Series Models: An Extension of Univariate Models
Authors: Umashankar Sushila , Ledolter Johannes
Published: December 2018

The authors discuss a special case of multiple time series models in which the autoregressive and moving average parameter matrices are diagonal. These models, called MTS-D, are appropriate if the random shocks which drive the series are only contemporaneously correlated. The flexibility and usefulness of this approach are illustrated in the context of a competitive market situation with five sales series, where individual components follow different univariate time series models. Theoretical as well as empirical justifications for expecting more precise parameter estimates are given. Forecasts from the model compare favorably with those from the univariate models.
Perceived Attributes of Models in Prime-Time and Daytime Television Commercials: A Person Perception Approach
Authors: Sharits Dean , Lammers H. Bruce
Published: December 2018

In four sessions over a two-week time period, 32 women and 32 men viewed 128 randomly selected prime-time and daytime television commercials from early 1980. In an adaptation of Schneider's person perception approach, the viewers rated the models on a set of 13 social psychological attributes which were subsequently factor analyzed into three factors: responsible-mature, social image-status, and independence. Perceptions of male and female models differed as a function of time of airing and product, but not as a function of the viewer's sex. Overall, women were not portrayed in a more negative way than men are portrayed in today's (1980) television commercials.
Patterns of Interpersonal Information Seeking for the Purchase of a Symbolic Product
Authors: Midgley David F.
Published: December 2018

The author extends the research on consumer prepurchase information seeking to a product which is essentially socially symbolic rather than utilitarian. A survey of the purchasers of a fashion item was undertaken, and the data subjected to a novel cluster analytic technique. Several distinct patterns of overt search were derived and related to socioeconomic segments of individuals. The author concludes that to explain consumer information seeking it is necessary to gain a better understanding of both the motives underlying search and the risks inherent in any purchase.
The Prosody of Rhetorical and Information-Seeking Questions in German
Authors: Braun Bettina , Dehé Nicole , Neitsch Jana , Wochner Daniela , Zahner Katharina
Published: December 2018

This paper reports on the prosody of rhetorical questions (RQs) and information-seeking questions (ISQs) in German for two question types—polar questions and constituent questions (henceforth “ wh-questions”). The results are as follows: Phonologically, polar RQs were mainly realized with H-% (high plateau), while polar ISQs mostly ended in H-^H% (high-rise). Wh-RQs almost exclusively terminated in a low edge tone, whereas wh-ISQs allowed for more tonal variation (L-%, L-H%, H-^H%). Irrespective of question type, RQs were mainly produced with L*+H accents. Phonetically, RQs were more often realized with breathy voice quality than ISQs, in particular in the beginning of the interrogative. Furthermore, they were produced with longer constituent durations than ISQs, in particular at the end of the interrogative. While the difference between RQs and ISQs is reflected in the intonational terminus of the utterance, this does not happen in the way suggested in the semantic literature, and in addition, accent type and phonetic parameters also play a role. Crucially, a simple distinction between rising and falling intonation is insufficient to capture the realization of the different illocution types (RQs, ISQs), against frequent claims in the semantic and pragmatic literature. We suggest alternative ways to interpret the findings.
The Phenomenon of Bereaved Parenting: An Integrative Review of Literature
Authors: Haylett Wendy J. , Tilley Donna Scott
Published: December 2018

Bereaved parenting, a role that entails parenting surviving children after experiencing the death of a child, is a unique but understudied phenomenon within bereavement research. Not much is known about the impact of a child’s death on this crucial familial role. An integrative review of literature of 20 studies across psychology, nursing, communications, social work, and family sciences was undertaken to determine the current state of science regarding bereaved parenting. Results revealed three influential contexts: the general context of parental grief and bereavement, described as traumatic and life-changing experiences; the personal context of the resulting parental changes and coping strategies; and the relational context of the subsequent parenting of surviving children, an experience characterized by periodic conflict between personal and children’s needs, emotional fluctuations, challenges with levels of protectiveness and control, and a heightened sense of responsibility within the parental role. Discussion of results and implications for research are presented.