bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Herbo-Mineral Formulations in Jwara Chikitsa
Authors: Retnam. A Akhila , V. R Keerthi , Mathew Reenu
Published: August 2021

Fever is a generalized body reaction to a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes. Fever was referred to as jwara by ancient Ayurvedic seers, and it was thought to be the most serious ofall diseases. Fever is described as a separate illness, a symptom, and a complication of many ailments in Ayurveda classics. Jwara is the first and most serious of all diseases, so it needs special attention. In this article, we will attempt to compile and evaluate Rasa yogas in jwara chikithsa from various Ayurvedic classics. Rasendra Sara Sangraha, Bhaishjya Rathnavali, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Rasa Tharangini and other works are reviewed in detail. In Rasasastra classics, these formulations are indicated separately for navajwara chikitsa, nirama jwara chikitsa, jeerna jwara chikitsa, vishama jwara chikitsa, and sannipatha jwara chikitsa. This article includes 112 formulations from various sources that have been classified based on their indications. There are certain peculiarities in the ingredients based on jwara avasthas that can be discovered by studying these formulations. The majority of these formulations are herbo-mineral compounds that come in tablet form, making dosage, administration, and palatability more convenient. A few of these formulations are commercially available for common clinical practise. Antipyretic use is excessive in everyday life in the present pandemic situation. The aim of this study is to raise awareness of these particular formulations in the health-care system so that they can be applied to community needs.

Key words: fever, jwara, navajwara, vishama jwara, nirama jwara, sannipatha jwara, herbo mineral formulations, rasa yogas.
Pelatihan Kerajinan Manik-Manik Untuk Meningkatkan Inovasi-Kreativitas Ibu PKK Sekaligus Pendapatan UMKM
Authors: Fauzan Slamet , Puspitasari Putri , Ameliyah Riszki
Published: August 2021

UMKM Desa Karangan, Badegan, Ponorogo yang banyak dikelola oleh Ibu-ibu PKK masih kurang berinovasi dalam produk kerajinannya. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada produk yang dihasilkan belum ada penambahan varian produk baru. Berdasarkan hasil rapat  koordinasi dengan Ibu-ibu PKK diperoleh masukan perlunya pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik untuk meningkatkan inovasi dan kreativitas produk UMKM. Pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik dilaksanakan berdasarkan ketersediaan bahan manik-manik yang mencukupi namun belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan rendahnya kreativitas dari warga. Untuk membantu program tersebut, dosen dan mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Malang melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, dan meningkatkan eksistensi UMKM melalui pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik yaitu pembuatan dompet, gelang, dan pengait masker. Metode yang digunakan adalah koordinasi, pelatihan, pendampingan, rencana tindak lanjut dan refleksi.  Proses pelaksanaan program kerja ini secara bertahap, berkesinambungan, dan berkelanjutan. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik memberikan dampak positif bahwa keseluruhan warga yang rutin mengikuti pelatihan berhasil mempraktekkannya secara mandiri, sehingga kreativitas dan inovasi menghasilkan produk kekinian dapat terwujud. Hasil wawancara pada tahap refleksi menunjukkan seluruh peserta yang awalnya tidak bisa membuat kerajinan manik-manik, setelah melalui pelatihan 100% menjadi bisa membuat produk manik-manik yang diminati. Maka pelatihan kerajinan manik-manik ini sangat rekomendasi sebagai peningkatan kreativitas.
Sistem Kendali Pintu Gerbang Otomatis Menggunakan Koneksi Wireless Module Wifi Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno
Authors: Simarmata Sapta Darma , Gunawan Indra , Sari Ika Purnama , Sumarno Sumarno , Kirana Ika Okta
Published: August 2021

Pada setiap rumah pasti memiliki pintu gerbang atau pintu pagar yang dilengkapi dengan penguncinya. Dari hal tersebut, pintu gerbang rumah yang berguna untuk keamanan kondisi rumah maupun keamanan kendaraan pribadi. Pada umumnya untuk membuka pintu gerbang atau pintu pagar serta menguncinya dengan menggunakan manual atau dengan tangan manusia. Dari masalah tersebut, maka penulis membuat suatu prototype pintu gerbang otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan Android sebagai sistem operasi. Suatu sistem pada Android yang dapat berfungsi sebagai saklar dan dapat membuka dan mengunci pintu gerbang dengan secara otomatis, yang di kontrol oleh Android, yang terbuhung pada koneksi Wireless atau Wifi device. Dengan perancangan sistem otomatis pada pintu gerbang yang berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan Android sebagai sistem operasinya, maka dapat membantu mempermudah pengguna dalam mengatur untuk membuka dan mengunci pintu gerbang tanpa harus keluar dari kendaraan ataupun keluar rumah.
Calogaya miniata comb. nov., Huneckia crocina comb. nov., and new neotropical records of Wetmoreana brouardii
Authors: Wilk Karina
Published: July 2021

New combinations Calogaya miniata and Huneckia crocina are proposed for species previously placed in Caloplaca s. lat., following the revised classification of Teloschistaceae. The taxonomy of Wetmoreana brouardii is discussed in relation to Caloplaca
ochraceofulva, and its current world distribution is presented, including new records from Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay.
فقہ اسلامی اوروضعی قوانین میں جنون اور فاتر العقلی کی بنیادیں اورفوجداری مسئولیت پران کے اثرات
Authors: Saleem Raza
Published: August 2021

It is well known that the mind plays a dominant role in all human actions. Mental diseases obliterate perceptual or volitional capacity of a human. If a person suffering from such a mental disease commits, the accused is not held responsible and convicted due to the absence of mental faculties. In this article, various degrees of unsoundness of mind in Islamic and positive law have been identified. Moreover, the modern scientific methods like  Mc Naughthon rules, Durham rule, and those developed by American Law Institute (ALI), which are being employed in the cotemporary world for determining unsoundness, have also been examined from Islamic perspective and compared with the provisions of Pakistani law. In addition, precedents from the superior judiciary in this regard have also been quoted.
Peran Media Dalam Pengembangan Dakwah Islam
Authors: Purnamasari Mita , Thoriq Arief Mulyawan
Published: August 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pola dakwah mengalami pergeseran. Dibandingkan dengan lisan, dakwah melalui tulisan menjadi lebih urgen dan efektif dilakukan yakni berdakwah melalui media sosial dengan internet dan tulisan-tulisan yang mengandung pesan dakwah. Keunggulan dari dakwah dengan model ini tidak menjadikan materi dakwah akan hilang meskipun sang dai, atau penulisnya sudah wafat seperti ungkapan Rasulullah saw , “Sesungguhnya tinta para ulama adalah lebih baik dari darahnya para syuhada”. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh media dalam pengembangan Dakwah Islam. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersumber dari data lapangan yang real. Allah SWT berfirman dalam QS. Saba' : 28 “dan kami tidak mengutus kamu melainkan kepada umat manusia seluruhnya sebagai pembawa berita gembira dan sebagai pemberi peringatan, tetapi kebanyakan manusia tidak mengetahui ", sudah jelas bahwa Allah SWT mewajibkan berdakwah kepada sesame umat manusia yang lainnya. Hasil analisa dalam tulisan ini menyatakan bahwa media massa sebagai saluran dakwah mempunyai implikasi positif sebagai saluran dakwah. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa betapa penting nya peran media dalam berdakwah kepada umat manusia lainnya.
Urachal adenocarcinoma: a rare clinical presentation
Authors: Pastorello Julia , Lando Emanuela , Ractz Bueno Marina , Dos Santos do Amaral Camila , Cechetti Cristiane Pagnussat
Published: August 2021

Urachal tumor is extremely rare, since it is responsible for about 0.01% of all neoplasms already repeated in the history of clinical oncology, with the adenocarcinoma subtype being the most prevalent. Thus, the present work aims to report a case of a 55-year-old patient diagnosed with urachal tumor, relating the clinical presentation of the case according to current literary data. It was possible to show that such a diagnosis, as well as the institution of a standard treatment, is still a clinical challenge in modern medical practice.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН: УСПЕХИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Nikitina A.A. , Mazitov F.F. , Zhilina E.V.
Published: July 2021

В рамках статьи рассмотрено современное состояние потребительской кооперации в Республике Башкортостан, определены лидеры в рамках данной сферы экономики региона. Обоснована необходимость разработки и реализации региональных стратегий развития сельскохозяйственных потребительских кооперативов, которые будут реализованы Башпотребсоюзом. Авторы выделяют направления, реализация которых позволит организовать устойчивые региональные кооперативные системы, а также будет способствовать выводу кооперативных формирований из кризиса. Обоснована необходимость оказания действенной государственной поддержки системе сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации. Реализация авторских предложений повлечет за собой увеличение не только экономического, но и социального эффекта: позволит создать новые рабочие места, увеличить доходы селян от кооперации с райпо, а также будет способствовать повышению продовольственной безопасности региона за счет насыщения потребительского рынка качественными товарами местного производства.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ДОБРОВОЛЬНЫХ НАРОДНЫХ ДРУЖИН В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 80-х ГОДОВ ХХ ВЕКА ПО УКРЕПЛЕНИЮ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПОРЯДКА (на материалах Чувашской Республики)
Authors: Alexandrova N.V. , Silvestrova T.Ya. , Ivanov N.V.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены некоторые аспекты деятельности добровольных народных дружин в 1980-е гг.,  самоотверженность народных дружин в борьбе с преступностью и правонарушениями на территории Чувашской АССР, их доблестный труд и отвага, отмеченные правительственными наградами, усердие и выдержанность в борьбе с преступностью. Авторами подчеркивается, что обеспечение и сохранение общественного порядка имели успех от эффективной организации воспитательной и предупре дительно-профилактической работы. На основе архивных данных приводятся статистика и показатели добровольных народных дружин (ДНД), участвовавших в охране общественного порядка, в борьбе с хищениями социалистической собственности по районам и территориям Чувашской АССР. Учитывая исторический аспект организации добровольных народных дружин, общественных организаций в борьбе с преступностью и правонарушениями, отмечается историческая значимость и роль органов внутренних дел Чувашской АССР в первой половине 1980-х гг. для развития государства и права. Делается вывод о том, что после распада Советского Союза активность добровольных народных дружин, как и других общественных организаций, утратила свою массовость и распространенность.
НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ УГОЛОВНОГО ПРАВА: МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОШИБКИ, ЮРИДИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗЪЯНЫ
Authors: Kuznetsov A.P.
Published: July 2021

В статье исследуются наиболее характерные и часто встречающиеся недостатки диссертационных исследований в области юридических наук, выявленные при подготовке автором отзывов ведущей организации, официального оппонента, отзывов на авторефераты, в которых рассматриваются проблемы уголовного права и уголовного законодательства.

Обращается особое внимание на ошибки, допущенные диссертантами в определении актуальности исследования, объекта и предмета, цели и задач, а также в нарушении логики построения, включающего структурно-композиционную и сущностно-содержательную составляющие, оценке теоретической и практической значимости, степени научной разработанности, обосновании научной новизны исследования.

При оценке положений, выносимых на защиту, некоторые из них не соответствуют заявленной теме, объекту или предмету, целям и задачам исследования, либо их отличает противоречивость, неконкретность, они не находят достаточной аргументации в тексте работы.
Identificação das zonas do perfil conceitual de equilíbrio químico de licenciandos em química
Authors: Mateus Paola Gimenez , Moretti Andressa Algayer da Silva , Ferreira Luiz Henrique
Published: August 2021

No presente trabalho nosso objetivo foi investigar as zonas do perfil conceitual de equilíbrio químico de um grupo de licenciandos em Química e suas possíveis relações com o processo de formação desses futuros professores, de modo a construir reflexões importantes para (re)pensarmos o processo de aprendizagem e compreensão do conceito na formação inicial. Para isso, por meio do uso de entrevista semiestruturada, categorizamos as manifestações dos discentes em categorias de equilíbrio químico constituintes de quatro zonas diferentes de equilíbrio (zona intuitiva, estática, cinética e energética), segundo a literatura. Da análise dos dados obtidos, observamos que as zonas mais desenvolvidas sobre equilíbrio químico dos licenciandos investigados estão associadas as ideias mais simplistas e menos complexas. Isso pode ser consequência, dentre outros fatores: da falta de problematização e consideração dos modos de pensar e explicar o equilíbrio durante a formação inicial, da não articulação e discussões qualitativas envolvendo os três níveis representacionais da química e da falta de consciência das diferenças ontológicas, axiológicas e epistemológicas de pensar e falar sobre o equilíbrio químico, que devem ser aplicadas em determinados contextos.
Recursos genéticos forestales y ciudadanía
Authors: González Campos Jorge Mauricio
Published: July 2021

En Chile, se encuentra vigente el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, suscrito en 1992, el cual a través del Plan Estratégico para la Diversidad Biológica 2011-2020, ha enfatizado la importancia de la concientización de la población para la conservación y uso sostenible de los recursos. Este trabajo recopila antecedentes acerca del conocimiento de la ciudadanía sobre los Recursos Genéticos Forestales en Chile, información obtenida a través de una breve encuesta, como primera parte hacia el desarrollo de estrategias que integren la dimensión social en la conservacion y uso sustentable de los RGF
El derecho real de conservación en Chile, un instrumento de mercado para la conservación forestal
Authors: Tallar Deluchi Fernando
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo está estructurado, además de su introducción, sobre la base de la relación medio ambiente y economía, considerando en ello aspectos generales respecto de los mecanismos que vinculados al mercado han sido utilizados por la legislación para fines de protección ambiental. Prosigue el desarrollo con una referencia a la relación bosques-conservación, para continuar con el análisis de la ley chilena sobre derecho real de conservación, evaluándola en sus potencialidades de conservación respecto de las propiedades ambientales de los bosques, vinculando ello con otras normativas jurídicas, e identificando algunas dudas y controversias que su aplicación pudiere suscitar, para concluir con las conclusiones de rigor
Child Spacing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Agesa Jacqueline , Agesa Richard U.
Published: August 2021

The literature on the duration of time women in Sub-Saharan Africa prefer to wait before having a child, that is, child spacing, typically focuses on future (or ex-post) birth spacing preferences. Specifically, for pregnant women, previous studies focus on birth spacing preferences after the birth of the child and before the birth of the next child. For nonpregnant women, previous studies concentrate on child spacing preferences in the future before the birth of a child. The emphasis on future birth spacing preferences has a weakness: the absence of an analysis on prior or ex-ante birth spacing preferences since the birth of the last child and before the birth of the next child. We fill this gap in the literature. Such an analysis is worthwhile because we complement past studies by completing the continuum of birth spacing preferences along the entire conditional distribution of birth spacing intentions. Additionally, previous studies overlook the possibility of endogenous covariates in their estimates. We address this shortcoming by exploiting exogenous variation triggered by whether an individual resides in a home connected to electricity to explore factors that may influence ex-ante birth spacing preferences. We find that urban living prolongs child spacing by at least 5 months.
Minds Overwrought by “Religious Orgies”: Narratives of African-Jamaican Folk Religion and Mental Illness in Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Ethnographies
Authors: Sparkes Hilary
Published: August 2021

Language referencing illness and instability in regard to African-Jamaican religions was often used by anthropologists and ethnographers writing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It formed part of a wider discourse prevalent at the time that linked folk religions to hysteria and insanity. In Jamaica, this association contributed to social control as religious leaders, such as the prominent Revivalist Alexander Bedward, who were outspoken in challenging the socio-racial status quo, could be incarcerated in an asylum. Furthermore, it enabled the state to turn the populace away from African-derived religions and spiritual practices in order to impose cultural hegemony based on British bourgeois values. This article examines how the writings of ethnographers in the late postemancipation era reflected, reinforced, and occasionally challenged a correlation between mental illness and African-Jamaican folk religions.
Typology and Multifunctionality of Public Libraries in Rome and the Empire
Authors: Lopez Garcia Antonio , Bueno Guardia Miriam
Published: August 2021

Libraries represent an essential component of Greco-Roman culture's expansion across the Mediterranean. The first public library in Rome was the Atrium Libertatis, founded in the first century BC, an institution that was probably influenced by the tradition of the eastern Mediterranean as seen in the royal libraries of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Greek gymnasia. The literary sources and the archaeological record reveal that all the public libraries so far discovered had multiple purposes that mingled the essential tasks of this type of institution. This multifunctional architectural style expanded outward from Rome back into the eastern Mediterranean, particularly during the second century AD, integrating new functions and influenced by local traditions. This article examines the historical development of the most representative features of Roman libraries and proposes new insights into the multifunctionality of these complex spaces.
Educación inicial y brecha digital en pandemia: Estudio en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao
Authors: Mamani Sanchez Marleni
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la educación inicial considerando la brecha digital en tiempos de pandemia en la provincia constitucional de Callao. Se tuvo un enfoque mixto, de corte transversal y diseño no experimental. Como parte de las técnicas de recolección de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios y dos entrevistas. Se contó con la participación de 377 padres y madres y 334 docentes que formaron parte de la comunidad de los centros educativos de educación inicial en la provincia constitucional del Callao. En las entrevistas participaron 24 padres de familia y 37 docentes. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el programa Excel. Los resultados indicaron: un 41.64% de padres no tenían conocimiento de cómo se utilizan las herramientas digitales; y un 13.47% de los docentes expresó lo mismo. Una de las principales conclusiones gira entorno a que los docentes desarrollaron estrategias de soporte o acompañamiento a las familias, reconocen y aprovechan el rol activo de los padres en los aprendizajes de sus hijos. Y asumieron con compromiso el reto de desarrollar las clases en línea para niños y niñas de educación inicial, actuando desde su realidad y adaptándose a los recursos con los que contaba.
Dominasi Dua Citra Perempuan dan Isu Kekerasan dalam Novel Shahraz: Satu Kajian Feminis
Authors: Sakinah Myrna Nur , Nirwana Ria
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini menampilkan dua jenis citra perempuan dan isu kekerasan direpresentasi dalam novel Shahraz: The Holy Woman. The Holy Woman adalah novel yang didominasi oleh tokoh perempuan. Tokoh perempuan yang ditampilkan dalam dua novel ini didominasi melalui dua jenis citra perempuan. Novel ini menunjukkan citra perempuan yang teropresi dianggap sebagai salah satu bentuk dari tindak kekuasan patriarki. Kekuasaan patriarki yang sewenang-wenang mengakibatkan timbulnya sebuah kekerasan, baik itu secara seksual ataupun sosial budaya. Analisis untuk menunjukkan penggambaran tokoh perempuan pertama-tama dilakukan analisis berbagai citra perempuan dengan menggunakan teori yang diutarakan oleh Ferguson. Analisis citra perempuan ini berkaitan dengan isu kekerasan. Dari analisis yang dilakukan pada novel ini terlihat bahwa ada dua jenis citra perempuan yang ditampilkan dan mendominasi. Perempuan sebagai perempuan yang diidealkan dan perempuan objek seks. The Holy Woman juga menunjukkan keterkaitan kekerasan seksual dan sosial budaya yang tercermin dari citra perempuan teropresi dan teraniaya oleh struktur patriarkal
Cerita Berbingkai Dalam The Arabian Nights Entertainments dan Hikayat Bayan Budiman
Authors: Wahyuni Eka Ayu , Purnama Arry
Published: July 2021

Cerita berbingkai merupakan salah satu bentuk literary technique untuk menyampaikan cerita. Cerita berbingkai adalah cerita di dalam cerita, yang disampaikan oleh tokoh-tokoh yang ada di dalam cerita tersebut, cerita berbingkai dapat diceritakan oleh satu karakter atau beberapa karakter yang ada di dalam cerita. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah dua karya yang sama-sama termasuk kedalam cerita berbingkai, yaitu The Arabian Nights Entertainments dan Hikayat Bayan Budiman. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbedaan pola cerita berbingkai dalam The Arabian Nights Entertainments dan Hikayat Bayan Budiman. Metode yang digunakan adalah komparatif, dimana menyajikan dua objek penelitian yang memiliki relasi dalam penggunaan cerita berbingkai. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa kedua objek penelitian menggunakan pola cerita berbingkai yang berbeda. Dalam The Arabian Nights Entertainments terdapat cerita utama dan cerita sisipan, dalam setiap cerita sisipan yang muncul dalam cerita utama diceritakan oleh karakter yang berbeda. Bisa dikatakan bahwa The Arabian Nights Entertainments menggunakan beberapa karakter untuk menyampaikan cerita. Sedangkan dalam Hikayat Bayan Budiman cerita sisipan diceritakan hanya oleh satu karakter. Cerita sisipan diceritakan oleh karakter utama yaitu Bayan Budiman. Kata kunci: cerita berbingkai; arabian nights; hikayat
UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNET BY USING SMARTPHONES TO INCREASE STUDENT INSIGHTS IN MADRASAH ALIYAH MAWADDI, KECAMATAN BANJARAN DISTRICT, BANDUNG REGENCY
Authors: Finaldin Tom
Published: July 2021

ABTRACT: The use of smartphones in Madrasah Aliyah Mawaddi, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency has not been able to increase students' insights to support the knowledge they have gained from school through textbooks. Students are only just actively using it to the extent of chatting, taking selfies, and playing games, both online and offline. Researchers feel interested in further researching this phenomenon using qualitative methods. Data taken through observation and interviews with students and teachers. The results of the study are the researchers found that students have not been able to use smartphones to broaden their horizons due to several things, namely: lack of information about using the internet for productive activities, lack of encouragement from teachers to utilize the internet, lack of student focus on their ideals, lack of time due must help their parents, and the weak economic situation of the family. The conclusion that can be drawn is the use of the internet through the use of smartphones is still not optimal due to lack of information, motivation, time, and weak purchasing power of students. Suggestions that can be given are students must be given information through training and teacher encouragement; familiarize learning by utilizing the internet; economic assistance for parents of students.Keywords: Internet-Smartphone-Students
PENGEMBANGAN DAN VALIDASI METODA ANALISIS PENENTUAN KADAR TABLET DIETILKARBAMAZINE SITRAT 100 MG DENGAN METODA KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI
Authors: Hartono Kusdi , Hadisoebroto Ginayanti
Published: July 2021

Penetapan  kadar obat dalam  suatu sediaan membutuhkan suatu metoda yang teliti dan akurat serta waktu yang  lebih  singkat. Telah dilakukan  pengembangan metoda analisis penentuan kadar  tablet Dietilkarbamazin Sitrat 100 mg dengan metoda kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi dengan mengoptimasi perbandingan komposisi fase gerak campuran larutan dapar fosfat dan metanol dengan perbandingan (60 : 40), (70 : 30), dan (80 : 20). Hasil optimasi fase gerak menunjukan perbandingan komposisi fase gerak campuran larutan dapar fosfat dan metanol  (80 : 20) yang paling optimal, Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi metoda analisisnya. Hasil validasi  pada penelitian ini menujukkan hasil yang memenuhi persyaratan validasi yaitu relatif standar deviasi (RSD ) pada uji presisi 0,4231 % (syarat  ≤  2,0 %), rata-rata % recovery akurasi 99,48 % (syarat 98,0 % – 102,0 %), Nilai r pada uji Linearitas 0,9994  (syarat  r 0,999), RSD Kesesuaian sistem 0,2283 %, dan  Selektivitas 100,30 % - 100,49 %  (syarat 95,0 % - 105,0 %).
PENGARUH WAKTU DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C INFUSED WATER BUAH LEMON (Citrus lemon (L.) Burm.f.)
Authors: Kartikawati Endah , Yudi Yus Hargono Cahyaning
Published: July 2021

Infused watermerupakan minuman  yang terdiri dari air putih dan potongan buah-buahan yang mengalami proses perendaman dalam waktu tertentu. Infused watermengandung vitamin C dan bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu buah yang dapat digunakan sebagai infused water adalah buah lemon (Citrus lemon (L.)Burm.f. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap kadar vitamin C dan aktivitas antioksidan pada infused water buah lemon(Citrus lemon (L.)Burm.f. menggunakan spektrofotometri Uv-Vis dan DPPH. Pengukuran kadar vitamin C dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel pada waktu 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 dan 24 jam, sedangkan untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan DPPH terhadap fraksi air ektrakbuah lemon dibuat dengan konsentrasi 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, dan 1000 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar vitamin C tertinggi pada infused water buah lemon terdapat pada penyimpanan suhu ruangan dengan lama penyimpanan selama 6 jam yaitu sebesar  49,26 ±0,44 mg/100g sedangkan padapenyimpanan suhu dingin dengan lama penyimpanan  selama 6 jam kadar vitamin C yang diperoleh yaitu 38,20±0,35 mg/100g.Pada pengujian aktivitas antioksidan fraksi air ekstrak buah lemon memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori sedang yaitu dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 130 ppm.
ROTINA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: NOGUEIRA SANCHES ANDRESSA
Published: August 2021

A Educação Infantil, como primeira etapa da Educação Básica, requer um currículo plural que deve considerar, dentre outros aspectos, a organização do cotidiano das ações que acontecem enquanto as crianças estão na escola. Desde que a rotina é a categoria pedagógica relacionada a essa organização, este artigo estabeleceu como objetivo geral a análise da rotina na Educação Infantil, enfocando a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento da autonomia moral das crianças para mudar a pessoa e tomar consciência de si mesma, dos outros e da sociedade. Na roda, o professor recebe as crianças, proporcionando sensações como acolhimento, segurança e de pertencer àquele grupo, aos pequenos que vão chegando.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO: DIFERENÇAS E IMPORTÃNCIA
Authors: FARIAS DE OLIVEIRA ERICA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo busca esclarecer as diferenças entre os termos alfabetização e letramento, tentando elucidar os aspectos mais relevantes sobre essa nova forma de ver o processo de ensino/aprendizagem do código, e qual é a contribuição que esse novo conceito trouxe para a pedagogia. E, que tipo de avanço isso trouxe para o cotidiano escolar. Assim, numa tentativa de buscar uma melhor compreensão desse assunto, que depois da década de 80 vem provocando um número crescente de estudos e discussões no meio acadêmico.
O ABISMO ENTRE O ENSINO PÚBLICO E PRIVADO EM TEMPOS DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL : O ESPAÇO DA EDUCAÇÃO NAS REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: FEVEREIRO BERENGUER RENATA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a distância colocada entre o ensino público e o ensino privado ao longo dos anos e pensar de que maneira se pode minimizar o impacto já esperado na educação durante todo o tempo de isolamento social do ano de 2020 devido à quarentena. Percebe-se, como principal elo escola, professores, casas, estudantes desse período, as redes sociais, não só como meio de comunicação com as famílias como antes se fazia, mas também como plataforma de estudo e única ferramenta acessível a maior parte da comunidade nesse momento emergencial. Defende-se, pois, o retorno das aulas presenciais com o retorno das redes sociais também totalmente imersas nas salas de aulas, de modo a se abandonar cada vez mais o ensino tradicional, o modelo de escola retrógrada que isola as TDICs e o incentivo das comunidades de prática (COPs) virtuais em todo espaço em que estiver o estudante e a comunidade escolar como um todo.
O RACISMO E A ESCOLA
Authors: da Costa Sant’Anna Leite Simone
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho buscarmos a devida compreensão de todos os aspectos importantes que cercam o racismo dentro da escola levando-se em conta seu "significado", sua "aplicação" e a quem se "refere" este tema, de tal maneira a criar um questionamento que envolva principalmente os profissionais da área da educação, pais e alunos. Um ambiente inclusivo, ou seja, ela deve permitir que os indivíduos participem e interajam com os demais, sem segregação ou rótulos respeitando e se adaptando a cada necessidade em especial, a escola tem que ser o agente transformador em constante evolução a um bem das nossas crianças e um crescimento para a nossa sociedade. Finalizando com o repto de que ou a escola se abre para a diversidade racial e cultural, para as realidades diferentes vividas por seus usuários, ou corre o risco de fossilizar-se e tornar cada vez mais intenso o seu papel de produtora e reprodutora de desigualdades sociais, discriminações, preconceitos, enfim, de racismo.
INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR TEACHING SECOND AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND THE FEATURES OF THE CHINESE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR TEACHING ARABIC
Authors: BURAK Alparslan
Published: July 2021

اكتسبت الأُطر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية أهمية بالغة وانتشارًا واسعًا حول العالم، فهي تلبي احتياجات المجتمعات التي وُضِعَتْ مِن أجْلها، إضافة إلى إمكانية الاستفادة منها وتطبيقها في تعلم وتعليم مُعْظَم لُغات العالم ومنها اللغة العربية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهم الأُطر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم وتدريس اللغات الثانية والأجنبية، وعرض مميزات الإطار المعياري الصيني لتعليم اللغة العربية لغة أجنبية. حيث نستفيد من التعرف على رؤى وأهداف وآليات عمل الأُطُر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية في تطوير مجال تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، وتزيد المختصين فيه بخبرات هامة وتطبيقية في هذا المجال. بهدف الوصول إلى أهداف البحث استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي في دراسة الأطُر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية، وجمع المعلومات حولها، للخروج بنتائج البحث وتوصياته. من أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث: 1/ تهدف أغلب الأُطر والمعايير المرجعية لتعليم اللغات الثانية إلى الوصول إلى ثلاث كفاءات هي الكفاءة اللغوية، والكفاءة الاتصالية، والكفاءة الثقافية. أما الإطار المعياري الصيني فيهدف إلى الوصول إلى كفاءات أُخرى، مثل كفاءة وصف الأحوال الدولية العربية. 2/ تُقدِّم مقاييس الكفاءة للأطر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية وصفًا تفصيلياً للسلوك اللغوي، ونستطيع الاستفادة من هذا الوصف ومن مجمل توصيات الأُطر والمعايير المرجعية في تطوير مناهج وأساليب تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. وقفد أوصى البحث بدعوة العاملين في مجال تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها إلى دراسة الأُطُر والمعايير الدولية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية، بُغية الاستفادة منها في تطوير مجال تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. وكذلك أوصى البحث بضرورة العمل على الاستفادة من مستويات الكفاءة اللغوية وواصفاتها للأطر والمعايير المرجعية لتعليم اللغات الثانية والأجنبية من أجل تجهيز واصفات لمستويات الكفاءة اللغوية لمتعلمي اللغة العربية كلغة أجنبية وفقًا لاحتياجاتهم.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CUTTING TEMPERATURES AND METALLURGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED GRAPHITE CAST IRONS IN THE END MILLING PROCESS
Authors: Da Silva L. R. R. , Machado A. R.
Published: August 2021

In the search for more energy-efficient internal combustion engines, the automotive companies keep pushing the working temperatures and pressures of the engines, leading to more extreme working conditions and so the necessity of new materials. Among the most promising materials for the new generations of engines is the compacted graphite cast iron, which is more wear-resistant than aluminum and tougher than gray cast iron. However, this combination of properties also leads to decreased machinability, increasing production costs and, therefore, their market competitiveness. This paper evaluated the correlation of mechanical and metallurgical properties and the cutting power and surface roughness of three grades of compacted graphite cast iron with the cutting temperature in the end milling process under different two different feed rates and cutting speeds. This analysis showed that the temperatures near the cutting zone are closely correlated to the material's mechanical properties, machining power, and resulting roughness. These results indicate that thermographic images are a good indicator of the overall correlation between the changes in material properties and the most usual machinability output parameters.
STUDY AND VALIDATION OF MESHES IN TURBULENT ISOTHERMAL PROBLEMS OF NATURAL CONVECTION IN FLAT PLATES
Authors: Silva V. R. , Verdério Júnior S. A. , Caminaga C. , Neves R. C. M.
Published: August 2021

The study of natural convection on flat plates is of great interest in the areas of Engineering, both for the simplicity of geometry and the wide variety of applications. In the study and definition of a numerical model, an ideal mesh configuration is the one that best represents physically, with minimal numerical influence and with the lowest computational cost, the problem addressed. The influence of two mesh configurations (non-uniform staggered and entirely uniform), at different refinement levels, was studied to evaluate natural convection heat transfer rates in flat plates of AR = 5; in isothermal conditions, in turbulent regime with the κ−ω SST RANS model and using free and open-source software OpenFOAM®. The physical-numerical methodology applied, and the numerical results obtained were validated from experimental results in the literature. The non-uniform staggered mesh configuration proved to be more adequate in precision, and computational cost to the problem situation studied. The entirely uniform mesh proved to be infeasible due to the high number of elements and computational cost demanded.
“Coisa de menina” e “coisa de menino”? Uma leitura do preconceito de gênero pela perspectiva dos praticantes de balé clássico masculino e futebol feminino
Authors: Nunes Tainá , Schlichta Clara , Franco Valente dos Santos Luara , Pereira Maia Milena Camilla , De Souza Ferreira Pauline Vitória , Teixeira de Melo Vinícius
Published: August 2021

Um reflexo do machismo estrutural na sociedade é a criação de estereótipos de gênero, que determinam o que é aceitável para homens ou mulheres, estigmatizando certas práticas corporais. Este artigo buscou evidenciar os preconceitos sofridos por dois grupos – mulheres no futebol e homens no balé clássico – a partir de suas próprias percepções, através de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A análise dos dados fez uso das categorias sociológicas apresentadas por Marchi Júnior, Almeida e Souza (2019), para explicar os fenômenos sociais e qualificar uma leitura preliminar do tema.
KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN PEMBINA GERAKAN KELUARGA SAKINAH
Authors: Falahudin Iwan
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the differences in knowledge competencies of the participants of the Diklat Pembina Keluarga Sakinah before and after learning. The research was conducted at BDK Jakarta on Monday - Saturday, 11-16 November 2019. This research approach is quantitative with the ex post facto method. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test using multiple choice questions. The study population was the participants of three classes training totaling 120 participants. The data were processed using descriptive statistics by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. The results showed that there had been a significant increase in the knowledge competence of the training participants. It is recommended that the relevant training should be continued with a larger number of generations.
BENEFITING MORE OF PROJECT WORK IN A LARGE CLASS
Authors: Makniyah Rohaniatul
Published: August 2021

This study sets out to discuss the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in a large EFL secondary school setting. It aims at finding an alternative of how to implement PjBL for the purpose of taking more benefits of project works and analyzing the relevance of the implementation of which within an EFL secondary school large class. 41 learners of grade XI participated in the classroom action research. They are assigned to work in groups with a set of meaningful processes to do in every project work given within a period of time. The study found that project works can be maximized on the grounds that: (1) projects should be based on realistic and challenging tasks; (2) project should be structured within a set of meaningful processes; (3) project works are to be conducted collaboratively in groups to facilitate learners to learn in a large class.
BERBASIS PROYEK (PjBL) TERINTEGRASI STEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA MTS PADA MATERI SISTEM ORGANISASI KEHIDUPAN
Authors: Srigati Esthy
Published: August 2021

This research aims to study the implementation of the PjBL-STEM strategy to increasing scientific literacy in students at MTsN 28 Jakarta. The study population was students of class VII MTs Negeri 28 East Jakarta in the 2018/2019 academic year with a sample of 2 similar classes each of 32 students. This research is exploratory using multi methods, namely case studies and experiments. Researchers conducted lesson in the experimental class using the PjBL-STEM strategy in life systems organization curriculum subject. The lesson was observed in the implementation process, student responses and measure scientific literacy level. To ensure the functioning of this strategy in improving scientific literacy, researcher measured scientific literacy level in the control class. The research used observation, survey and test to collect data using observation sheets, questionnaires and test items. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and t-test. Research shows that the implementation and response to the implementation of the PjBL-STEM strategy is categorized as good. Students' scientific literacy in the knowledge aspect of the experimental class was better than the control class, not significantly different in the aspect of identifying scientific issues, while in the aspect of using scientific evidence the experimental class was superior to that of the control class. The experimental class showed a positive response and was happy with the implementation of PjBL-STEM. The research recommends science teacher to use PjBL-STEM strategy in a certain topic and condition.
PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI BAGI GURU MADRASAH ALIYAH MELALUI DIKLAT PKG DAN PKB DI BKD JAKARTA
Authors: Maisyaroh As Umi
Published: August 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep pengembangan profesi dan keterampilan menyusun publikasi ilmaiah peserta Diklat Teknis Substantif PKG dan PKB bagi guru Madrasah Aliyah di Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, rubric dan wawancara terstruktur. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, display dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, melalui diklat Teknis Substantif PKG & PKB bagi guru Madrasah Aliyah dapat meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap konsep pengembangan profesi guru dan meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam menyusun Publikasi Ilmiah.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Antibiotic Producing Genes in Streptomyces globisporus SP6C4
Authors: Kim Da-Ran , Kwak Youn-Sig
Published: August 2021

Soil is the major source of plant-associated microbes. Several fungal and bacterial species live within plant tissues. Actinomycetes are well known for producing a variety of antibiotics, and they contribute to improving plant health. In our previous report, Streptomyces globisporus SP6C4 colonized plant tissues and was able to move to other tissues from the initially colonized ones. This strain has excellent antifungal and antibacterial activities and provides a suppressive effect upon various plant diseases. Here, we report the genome-wide analysis of antibiotic producing genes in S. globisporus SP6C4. A total of 15 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted using antiSMASH. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis system, and each biosynthetic gene was predicted via protein basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and rapid annotation using subsystems technology (RAST) server. Three gene clusters were shown to exhibit antifungal or antibacterial activity, viz. cluster 16 (lasso peptide), cluster 17 (thiopeptide-lantipeptide), and cluster 20 (lantipeptide). The results of the current study showed that SP6C4 has a variety of antimicrobial activities, and this strain is beneficial in agriculture.
Suppression of Ripe Rot on ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit with Commercial Agrochemicals
Authors: Shin Yong Ho , Ledesma Magda , Whitman Sonia , Tyson Joy , Zange Birgit , Kim Ki Deok , Jeun Yong Chull
Published: August 2021

Ripe rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is one of the serious diseases of postharvest kiwifruit. In order to control ripe rot on Actinidia chinensis cultivar ‘Zesy002’, several commercial agrofungicides were selected by an antifungal test on an artificial medium. Furthermore, disease suppression by the selected fungicides was evaluated on the kiwifruit by inoculation with a conidial suspension of B. dothidea. On the artificial media containing boscalid + fludioxonil was shown to be the most effective antifungal activity. However, in the bio-test pyraclostrobin + boscalid and iminoctadine-tris were the most effective agrochemicals on the fruit. On the other hand, the infection structures of B. dothidea on kiwifruit treated with pyraclostrobin + boscalid were observed with a fluorescent microscope. Most of the fungal conidia had not germinated on the kiwifruit treated with the agrochemicals whereas on the untreated fruit the fungal conidia had mostly germinated. Electron microscopy of the fine structures showed morphological changes to the conidia and branch of hyphae on the kiwifruit pre-treated with pyraclostrobin + boscalid, indicating its suppression effect on fungal growth. Based on this observation, it is suggested that ripe rot by B. dothidea may be suppressed through the inhibition of conidial germination on the kiwifruit treated with the agrochemicals.
Resistance of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima Genotypes to RBe24 Isolate of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus in Benin and Effects of Silicon on Host Response
Authors: Anato Vital Kouessi Sixte , Agnoun Yves , Houndjo Joèl , Oludare Aderonke , Agbangla Clement , Akoroda Malachy , Adetimirin Victor O.
Published: August 2021

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is the most harmful virus that affects irrigated and lowland rice in Africa. The RBe24 isolate of the virus is the most pathogenic strain in Benin. A total of 79 genotypes including susceptible IR64 (Oryza sativa) and the resistant TOG5681 (O. glaberrima) as checks were screened for their reactions to RBe24 isolate of RYMV and the effects of silicon on the response of host plants to the virus investigated. The experiment was a three-factor factorial consisting of genotypes, inoculation level (inoculated vs. non-inoculated), and silicon dose (0, 5, and 10 g/plant) applied as CaSiO3 with two replications and carried out twice in the screen house. Significant differences were observed among the rice genotypes. Fifteen highly resistant and eight resistant genotypes were identified, and these were mainly O. glaberrima. Silicon application did not affect disease incidence and severity at 21 and 42 days after inoculation (DAI); it, however, significantly increased plant height of inoculated (3.6% for 5 g CaSiO3/plant and 6.3% for 10 g CaSiO3/plant) and non-inoculated (1.9% for 5 g CaSiO3/plant and 4.9% for 10 g CaSiO3/plant) plants at 42 DAI, with a reduction in the number of tillers (12.3% for both 5 and 10 g CaSiO3/plant) and leaves (26.8% for 5 g CaSiO3/plant and 28% for 10 g CaSiO3/plant) under both inoculation treatments. Our results confirm O. glaberrima germplasm as an important source of resistance to RYMV, and critical in developing a comprehensive strategy for the control of RYMV in West Africa.
Capacity Enhancement of Family Development Centre Staff in Early Childhood Language Learning
Authors: Supprasert Warunsicha , Khajornchaikul Piyathida
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to identify effective plans using the Future Search Conference (FSC) approach to enhance the Thai Family Development Centre (FDC) staff in early childhood language promotion through good parenting.  Data from, 55 stakeholders FDC staff, district and local health centres, Child Care Centres (CCCs), and local authorities from 10 villages of rural subdistricts in a central Thai province, Thailand, checked for correctness and analyzed using thematic analysis, alongside field notes from observations, worksheets, videotape records, and photo voice. Results revealed that applying FSC techniques created a common future and successfully helped participants to understand past situations clearly and factors related to the problem. Three key strategies emerged to enhance FDC staff capacity including 1) organising ongoing training workshops to enhance staff knowledge and skills needed to achieve effective work performance, 2) building teamwork and 3) developing staff morale for working.
БНМАУ-ын олон улсын статусыг хүлээн зөвшөөрөх Нэгдсэн вант улсын бодлого: Статус квогоос де-юре хүртэл
Authors: Д Уламбаяр
Published: August 2021

Монгол Улсын олон улсын статусын талаарх Нэгдсэн Вант Улсын байр суурь, тэр нь статус-квог хүлээн зөвшөөрөхөөс эхлэн хамтаар хүлээн зөвшөөрөх үйл, де-факто, цаашлаад де-юре хүртэл хэрхэн хувиран өөрчлөгдөж, ахин дэвшиж ирсэн тухай өгүүлнэ.

 

Outer Mongolia’s International Status and Foreign Policy of the United Kingdom: from Status Quo till De jure

 This article underlines the position of the UK foreign policy towards Outer Mongolia’s international legal status, in which how it has been changed and progressed starting from status quo recognition to collective recognition form de facto, and till de jure as well.