bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Metallurgy and Genetic Algorithm Multi‐Objective Optimization of Blast Furnace Hearth Working State
Authors: Shi Quan , Tang Jue , Chu Mansheng
Published: November 2024

The working state of the blast furnace (BF) hearth is vital for achieving high efficiency, quality, low fuel consumption, and extended lifespan in BF production. In this study, optimizing the BF hearth by considering three key factors is focused on: hot metal temperature (HMT), silicon content ([Si]), and hearth activity index (HAI). A multi‐objective and multistep optimization method, combining prediction models of HMT, [Si], and HAI with a genetic algorithm, is proposed to enhance the hearth's performance. A Pareto optimal solution set screening method is also established based on target thresholds, weights, and operation priorities, improving its applicability in industrial production. Through this model, significant improvement in hearth working state is demonstrated, verified through case analysis and industrial applications. The prediction model achieves high accuracy in forecasting HMT, [Si], and HAI, with hit rates of 92.26%, 93.45%, and 94.64%, respectively. During the application, the pass rates of these indicators increase by 8.32%, 16.67%, and 13.51%, showcasing the effectiveness of the approach in industrial settings.
Stakeholders’ Engagement in Shared Automated Mobility: A Comparative Review of Three SHOW Approaches
Authors: Grandsart Delphine , Bulanowski Kathryn , Cornet Henriette , Debbaghi Fatima-Zahra , Loukea Matina , Gkemou Maria , Schoiswohl Petra , Prutej Walter
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we explore the importance of citizen and stakeholder engagement in the development of new mobility services, and how such aspects have been integrated and applied in the EU funded project SHOW (Horizon 2020 GA No. 875530). First, we provide a broad overview of how we engaged end-users and stakeholders in the project’s different pilot sites. Next, we zoom in on three engagement mechanisms—the Ideathon in Carinthia (Austria), the Hackathon in Thessaloniki (Greece) and the MAMCA (Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis) workshop in Tampere (Finland)—, presenting a variety of participative approaches for designing and evaluating new automated mobility services. The chapter offers a comparative analysis of these three approaches, highlighting for each case the opportunities and challenges. We show that stakeholder engagement activities efficiently generate ideas and validate solutions at a local level enriching the innovation process with novel perspectives, yet resource allocation and participant diversity pose challenges.
Physical and Digital Infrastructure (PDI) Support for Automated Vehicles—Case Studies in Austria
Authors: Hula Andreas , Dirnwöber Martin , Ladstätter Stefan , Schaub Andrea , Luley Patrick , Tötzl Daniel , Wittmann Stephan , Schallauer Dominik , Erdelean Isabela , Rehrl Karl , Frötscher Alexander , Monschiebl Bernhard , Prändl-Zika Veronika
Published: November 2024

Within the EU Horizon 2020 project SHOW (GA No 875530) auxiliary measures, via evaluating and adapting physical road infrastructure (for instance lane markings, traffic signs, sight distances), as well as via digital support were explored for their potential contribution to enabling automated shared mobility services on the road environment. This line of research was then followed up on in the EU Horizon Europe Project AUGMENTED CCAM (GA 101,069,717), tackling more specifically with PDI support for automated mobility. This chapter presents the activities and findings of these two projects in relation to physical infrastructure adaptations for automated vehicles for two pilot sites in Austria.
Towards Quantum Multiparty Session Types
Authors: Lanese Ivan , Dal Lago Ugo , Choudhury Vikraman
Published: November 2024

Multiparty Session Types (MPSTs) offer a structured way of specifying communication protocols and guarantee relevant communication properties, such as deadlock-freedom. In this paper, we extend a minimal MPST system with quantum data and operations, enabling the specification of quantum protocols. Quantum MPSTs (QMPSTs) provide a formal notation to describe quantum protocols, both at the abstract level of global types, describing which communications can take place in the system and their dependencies, and at the concrete level of local types and quantum processes, describing the expected behavior of each participant in the protocol. Type-checking relates these two levels formally, ensuring that processes behave as prescribed by the global type. Beyond usual communication properties, QMPSTs also allow us to prove that qubits are owned by a single process at any time, capturing the quantum no-cloning and no-deleting theorems. We use our approach to verify four quantum protocols from the literature, respectively Teleportation, Secret Sharing, Bit-Commitment, and Key Distribution.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Semi-rigid Immersed Tube Tunnel Joints
Authors: Ji Hai , Lv Yonggang , Huang Qingfei
Published: November 2024

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge immersed tube tunnel project is the only deep buried and large siltation immersed tube tunnel in the world. There is no similar case in the world. Its stress deformation characteristics are different from those of conventional shallow buried tunnels. According to the traditional design method of immersed tubes, there will be a series of problems. To address these issues, a semi rigid pipe joint scheme between rigid and flexible pipe joints has been proposed. By comparing the forces acting on the joints with traditional types of pipe joints, the mechanical mechanism of semi rigid immersed pipe structures has been revealed. Compared with flexible immersed pipe structural systems, it improves the load-bearing capacity and water tightness of the segment joints, reduces the internal force of the immersed pipe structure, reduces the risk of concrete cracking, and solves the technical problems of deep buried large sedimentation immersed pipe structures. This can provide reference for similar projects.
Mechanical Behaviors of Encased Concrete of Composite Bridges with Corrugated Steel Web
Authors: Wang Yaojun , Liu Bingbing , Hao Qianqian
Published: November 2024

The encased concrete in a composite bridge with corrugated steel web (CSW) is a critical structure to improve the stability of the web and relieve the stiffness difference between the composite girder and intermediate crossbeam. This study aims to investigate the effects of the encased concrete on the mechanical behaviors of composite girder bridges with CSWs. The finite element model of a rigid frame bridge is established, the calculation method of the shear force sharing ratio of the encased concrete is proposed, and the effect of the length and thickness of the encased concrete is analyzed. The results show that the encased concrete was under compression in longitudinal direction, while vertical tensile stresses occur near the transition section between pure CSW and the composite web. The encased concrete shares 65–90% of the total shear force, and the shear force sharing ratio increases with the increase of the concrete thickness. Increasing the length of the encased concrete reduces the deflection of the girder and pre-compression stress of the top concrete slab. All the findings of present study may provide reference for the design of composite girder bridges with CSWs.
Breakage Mechanism of Artificial Granular Materials
Authors: Fan Longjiang , Liu Enlong , Tang Shijia , Qin Yanlin
Published: November 2024

The artificial cemented granular particles were prepared to simulate the rockfills, and conventional triaxial drainage tests were conducted to explore the mechanical properties of granular materials under different confining pressures. Furthermore, the results were simulated based on the discrete element method. Test results from the laboratory tests indicated the nonlinearity of this materials’ strength envelope. The particle flow method could be used to simulate the stress–strain and volumetric deformation properties of artificially prepared granular materials. By the simulation, the number of failure bonds and the variation of the displacement field during the test process were recorded, visually displaying the microscopic displacement and fragmentation of the internal particles.
Research on Design Method and Optimization of New Epoxy Resin Concrete Mix Ratio
Authors: Xu Haoran , Fang Guangxiu , Xue Baiyang
Published: November 2024

In order to obtain epoxy concrete that can adapt to different strengths and different environmental conditions, this paper innovatively constructed a new type of accurate epoxy concrete mix calculation logic and calculation method through literature investigation, analysis, and test, which can make the process of calculating epoxy concrete mix ratio more concise and precise. In this paper, a new type of epoxy concrete mix with a strength class of C30 is designed, which can provide a reference for engineers and technicians to design accurate epoxy concrete mix better. It also provides some reference value for improving the mix ratio design method and engineering application of epoxy resin concrete.
Experimental Study on Bearing Behaviour of Bored Piles Using End-side Association Post-grouting Technology
Authors: Su Shiding , Lv Shuhui , Wu Jiaqi , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the bearing performances of bored cast-in-place piles in soft soil area, an end-side association post-grouting technology is proposed. Based on one highway bridge project, the composite post grouting and O-cell pile testing method on one cast-in-place concrete piles S1 are performed to study their bearing deformation characteristics and the improving effect of pile tip resistance and pile side frictional resistance. The research shows that pile side grouting has improved the mechanical characteristics of pile-soil interface and the pile tip grouting could strengthen pile end soil. The strengthening effects of pile shaft resistance in silty clay are in the range of 1.49–1.60 and the strengthening effects of pile tip resistance in gravel with clay is 1.71. End-side association post-grouting technology can effectively increase the axial bearing capacity of bored piles in soft soil and reduce the pile top settlement.
Statin Therapy for Primary and Secondary Prevention in Older Adults
Authors: Bao Alicia , Karalis Dean G.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of Review

Although statin therapy is well established to prevent atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASCVD) events in adults 40 to 75 years of age, it is less clear whether older adults benefit from statin therapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence and guidelines on statin use for primary and secondary prevention in older patients.

Recent Findings

Moderate to high intensity statin therapy decreases cardiovascular event rates in older patients with or at risk for ASCVD. Cardiac biomarkers and coronary calcium scoring can identify older patients at higher ASCVD risk who may benefit from statin therapy.

Age alone should not be a deterrent to statin therapy in older patients. The decision to initiate statin therapy should occur after a patient to clinician discussion based on the patient's overall ASCVD risk and weighed against other clinical factors that influence the patient's life expectancy and quality of life.
Management of Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Barnett Merry Ellen D. , Lam Lauren M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of Review

The authors evaluated current treatment options for carotid artery dissection, both medical and procedural.

Recent Findings

Recent evidence suggests that antithrombotic therapy is key for management of carotid artery dissection. Procedures are typically reserved for when medical management is ineffective, although novel classification systems for carotid artery dissection may better identify patients who will benefit from early procedural interventions.

Carotid artery dissections occur when a tear in the intima of the carotid artery allows for accumulation of intramural hematoma within the layers of the arterial wall. One of the more devastating outcomes is a stroke, and as such most management strategies center around treating acute stroke and preventing recurrence. More research is needed to determine the optimal approach to antithrombotic therapy.
Case report. Recidiverende hematurie bij radiatiecystitis: overweeg selectieve transarteriële embolisatie van de blaas
Authors: van Dongen Sanne , van Baardewijk Laurens J. , Lamers Romy E. D.
Published: November 2024

Samenvatting

Recidiverende hematurie is een bekende complicatie bij urologische patiënten met een radiatiecystitis. De behandeling hiervan kan lastig zijn. Behandelmogelijkheden zijn onder andere intravesicale spoelingen met aluin of hyperbare zuurstoftherapie. Indien een patiënt hiervoor therapieresistent blijkt en er geen andere behandelopties meer beschikbaar zijn, zou een embolisatie van de blaas als laatste redmiddel kunnen dienen. Dit case report bespreekt een casus waarin embolisatie van de blaas uitkomst heeft geboden. Follow-up toonde tot op heden het uitblijven van hematurie.
Die WHO 2030 Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative
Authors: Pan Teresa Lucia
Published: November 2024

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) rief den Plan zur Eliminierung des Zervixkarzinoms bis 2030 aus, der in drei wesentlichen Aspekten umzusetzen ist: 90 % der Mädchen weltweit sollen bis zur Vollendung des 15. Lebensjahrs (LJ) vollständig gegen HPV geimpft sein; 70 % der Frauen sollen vor der Vollendung des 35. LJ und des 45. LJ einer Vorsorgeuntersuchung mittels eines Hochleistungstests unterzogen werden; 90 % der Frauen mit Gebärmuttererkrankungen sollen behandelt werden. In Österreich liegt die aktuelle Durchimpfungsrate bei 14-Jährigen bei ca. 53 %. Je älter die Frauen, desto niedriger sind die Impfraten. Das Screening muss von den Frauen selbst im Rahmen einer gynäkologischen Untersuchung eingefordert werden. Im Kontrast dazu gilt Australien als Vorreiter in der Prävention und Bekämpfung des Zervixkarzinoms. Dank umfassender Programme zur Früherkennung und HPV-Impfung hat sich die Inzidenz von Zervixkarzinomen in den letzten 30 Jahren halbiert, die HPV-Durchimpfungsrate der Bevölkerung liegt bei über 80 %. Schätzungen zufolge könnte Australien das erste Land weltweit sein, das das Zervixkarzinom eliminiert. Laufende breitflächige Evaluierungen ermöglichen es, die nationalen Strategien an neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse anzupassen. Österreich könnte bezüglich des Impfprogramms mehr Awareness und Aufklärung schaffen. Auch Buben und ältere Frauen (bis ca. 45 Jahre) profitieren von einer HPV-Impfung. Wesentlich ist es jedoch, ein nationales organisiertes Screeningprogramm einzuführen, das auf einem wissenschaftlich überlegenen Test (HPV-Test statt Pap-Abstrich) basiert. Dies würde eine signifikante Reduktion der Inzidenz des Zervixkarzinoms und seiner Mortalität für Frauen in Österreich bedeuten. Österreich könnte von Australien viel lernen, um die WHO-Ziele rechtzeitig zu erreichen.
Developing and validating a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire regarding dengue among secondary schoolchildren in Malaysia
Authors: Dapari Rahmat , Muniandy Kalaivani , Hwa Lim Chee , Bakar Suhaili Abu , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd , Sandhu Sukhvinder Singh , Mustapha Nooreen Farzana , Zamzuri Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Dom Nazri Che , Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Dengue is a viral disease borne by mosquitoes that infects humans that is a significant public health concern and socio-economic burden globally, especially in countries in the tropics and subtropics. Health education and community participation are the most powerful prevention strategies. Assessing local community knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on dengue is essential for targeted interventions, as enhancing KAP helps communities recognize risks, adopt preventive attitudes, and implement effective measures to reduce dengue transmission. This study developed and validated a questionnaire on dengue KAP among secondary schoolchildren. Questionnaires serve as essential tools in research, allowing for standardized measurement of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which supports accurate data collection and meaningful analysis.

Methods

The development and evaluation process (structure and content) involved consultations with eight experts including public health medicine specialists, medical officers, behavioural insights officer, academician, and entomologist, to ensure the relevance and comprehensiveness of the questionnaires. A QDengue-KAP questionnaire was administered to 30 secondary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The online questionnaire was self-administered, closed-ended, distributed anonymously, and participation was voluntary.

Results

The final questionnaire comprised four sections and 50 items after the initial version had undergone a rigorous evaluation to ensure its reliability and validity. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) values exceeded the minimum requirement and indicated that all items met the minimum standards for content validity. Compared to the initial version, the final version of the questionnaire had improved Cronbach alpha values for each dengue KAP domain: knowledge [Cronbach’s alpha: 0.765 (items: 15)], attitude [0.894 (15)], practice Part A [0.735 (15)], and practice Part B [0.876 (5)]. Thus, each statement in the Knowledge (K), Attitude (A), and Practice (P) domains was deemed valid through validity and reliability evaluation, ensuring their relevance and accuracy in assessing dengue-related factors.

Conclusion

The validation process demonstrated that each statement in the KAP domains was relevant, accurate, and aligned with the study's objectives, supported by expert validation and representation of the target population. This rigorous approach strengthens the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, making it a valid tool for assessing and improving dengue-related behaviours within the target population.
An unexpected surprise: splenic volvulus
Authors: Milieri Rocco , Baldazzi Michelangelo , Minelli Rocco , Rossi Eugenio , Paviglianiti Giuseppe , Di Rosa Gianpaolo , Napolitano Marcello , Marras Mariangela , Bruno Antonio , Lovato Luigi , Cirillo Luigi , Mosconi Cristina
Published: November 2024

Background

Splenic volvulus is a rare cause of acute and chronic abdominal pain. This condition is determined by an insufficiency or absence of the ligamentous attachments, a condition known as “wandering spleen” that causes a hypermobility of the spleen. Wandering spleen could be congenital or acquired and is more frequent in women of reproductive age and in children. Symptoms may remain limited or absent for long periods of time, but complications can occur due to the torsion of the splenic vascular pedicle, resulting in symptoms ranging from an incidental finding to an acute abdomen derived from ischemic necrosis of the spleen.

Case presentation

A 19-year-old male, admitted for abdominal pain and general discomfort. Considering the objective examination, further diagnostic tests were requested. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a chronic venous thrombosis of the splenic vein, hypoperfusion and malposition of the spleen, peritoneal effusion and stretching of structures in the left upper abdominal quadrant. These are strongly suspicious signs of splenic volvulus.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of this rare condition can be challenging because of the variability of its symptoms and its capacity of mimicking other pathologies. Suggestive signs should be recognized in order to ensure a timely diagnosis and to choose the optimal strategy of treatment.
Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicity of Justicia adhatoda L.: a review
Authors: Jayaweera Udyanee , Shivashekaregowda Naveen Kumar Hawala , Herapathdeniya Sajeewa K. M. K. , Paranagama Priyani Ashoka
Published: November 2024

Justicia adhatoda L. (J. adhatoda L.) belongs to the family of Acanthaceae and is a well-known medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia. The phytochemicals isolated from the plant include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, steroids and glycoside derivatives that are responsible for its diverse medicinal properties. The information was obtained from literature, sources including books, research papers, review papers and reports available online in accepted scientific databases such as Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Frontiers, Scopus, Springer, MDPI, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Wiley. This review presents the up-to-date data information available on J. adhatoda L. After careful consideration, a total of 98 articles were used for this review. Herbal medicine is a form of healthcare that has been used for years in many countries. Justicia adhatoda L. is one such multipurpose plant with many uses, health benefits, and bioactivities. Several studies revealed the presence of approximately 233 phytochemical constituents. Abundance of these bioactive phytochemicals confer various pharmacological activities such as anti-microbial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antipyretic activity, insecticidal properties, hepatoprotective activity, anti-diabetic activity, anti-tubercular activity, anti-cancer and radioprotective activity, anti-ulcer activity and activity against respiratory ailments. The review provides an overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicology of J. adhatoda L. For future drug design and discovery from J. adhatoda L. more activity screening and structure–activity relationship studies are required to explore further. This present review brings forth the current findings on the pharmacological activities of J. adhatoda L. but there are still certain aspects of the plant that are limited, not reliable, or lacking in data. Also there need to be development of methods to isolate active compounds from other parts of the plant other than the leaves and to study their phytochemical potential.
Intercultural Communication in Virtual Exchange
Authors: Helm Francesca
Published: November 2024

Virtual exchange is an educational approach that uses technology to bring together people from geographically and/or culturally distant locations in sustained online interactions, often intended to develop their intercultural awareness and understanding. Though the practice has existed for several decades, it has gained popularity in recent years, in part due to the recent Covid-19 pandemic and recourse to online tools for international and intercultural learning. This Element explores intercultural communication in virtual exchange by looking at how and why culture is made relevant in the pedagogical design and framing of virtual exchanges and what impact this might have on student positioning, power dynamics, and on intercultural learning. From this framework three broad approaches are outlined, which are defined as comparative, challenge-based, and dialogue-based. Each approach is explored through examples and the opportunities, limitations, and risks for intercultural learning.
Examining Predictors of Post-Traumatic Changes Among Mothers in Turkey Following Earthquakes
Authors: Kerimoğlu Yıldız Gizem , Turk Delibalta Rukiye
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aims to assess the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in mothers affected by the February 2023 earthquakes in Turkey and to explore the influence of spiritual well-being and other factors on their Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) levels.

Methods

The study’s sample consisted of mothers invited to participate voluntarily through online social media platforms between October-December 2023. The Mother Information Form, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Control List, Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) were used as data collection instruments.

Results

A total of 303 mothers participated in this study. The mean total PTSD score was 49.35 (SD: 19.76), and 83.5% of mothers were categorized under severe anxiety levels. There was a statistically significant weak and positive relationship between PTSD and PTG levels (r: 0.282, P:0.000). When the predictors of PTG are considered, the spiritual well-being of mothers significantly predicts PTG (F: 43.944, P: 0.000). It accounts for 12.7% (R Square = 0.127) of the variance in mothers’ PTG.

Conclusions

Mothers showed high PTSD levels 9 months after the earthquakes, but alongside these high levels, it has a positive relation with their PTG, which may show mothers becoming stronger after their traumatic experience. Study results showed the mothers’ spiritual levels were a significant predictor for PTG.
Disease Burden in the Context of Disasters: Insights from Over 6.7 million Respondents in the Bangladesh Disaster-Related Statistics of 2021
Authors: Kabir Iqbal , Rana Shohel , Alam Badsha , Chowdhury Atika Rahman , Lusha Mirza Afreen Fatima , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Hossain Dewan Mashrur , Islam Saiful , Khan Nuruzzaman
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to explore the burden of disasters and adverse health outcomes during and following disasters in Bangladesh.

Methods

We analyzed 6 788 947 respondents’ data from a cross-sectional and nationally representative 2021 Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics (BDRS). The key explanatory variables were the types of disasters respondents faced, while the outcome variables were the disease burden during and following disasters. Descriptive statistics were used to determine disease burden. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model assessed the association between disease burden and disaster types, along with socio-demographic characteristics of respondents.

Results

Nearly 50% of respondents experienced diseases during disasters, rising to 53.4% afterward. Fever, cough and diarrhea were prevalent during and after disasters, with increases in skin diseases, malnutrition, and asthma post-disaster. Vulnerable groups, such as children aged 0–4, hijra individuals, those with lower education, people with disabilities, and rural residents, especially in Chattogram, Rangpur, and Sylhet divisions, were most affected. Floods, cyclones, thunderstorms, and hailstorms significantly increased disease likelihood during and after disasters.

Conclusions

The study underscores the complex relationship between disasters and health outcomes in Bangladesh, stressing the need for targeted public health interventions, improved health care infrastructure, and evidence-based policies to mitigate disaster-related health risks.
Doing Business in the Public Interest
Authors: Murphy Sharon Ann
Published: November 2024

The theme of the 2024 Business History Conference was “doing business in the public interest,” but what does it actually mean to “do business in the public interest?” This presidential address challenges the idea of shareholder primacy as the main purpose of business enterprises historically and examines various ways that business historians might approach the idea of businesses acting in a public interest. In particular, it analyzes instances in which corporations made a decision in the public interest without clear evidence that it would benefit their bottom line; cases where it would demonstrably hurt their bottom line to prioritize the public; corporations that made a decision allegedly in the public interest that actually turned out to be bad for the public interest; and corporations that made a decision that was bad for the public interest that also turned out to be bad for their own bottom line.
Inferring species extinction from sighting data
Authors: McCrea Rachel S. , Cheale Thomas , Campillo-Funollet Eduard , Roberts David L.
Published: November 2024

1.

Understanding whether a species still persists, or the timing of its extinction is challenging, however, such knowledge is fundamental for effective species management.

2.

For the vast majority of species our understanding of their existence is based solely on sighting data that can range from museum specimens and clear photographs, through vocalisations, to markings and oral accounts.

3.

Here we review the methods that have been developed to infer the extinction of species from a sighting record, providing an understanding of their assumptions and applications. We have also produced an RShiny package which can be used to implement some of the methods presented in the article.

4.

While there are a number of potential areas that could be further developed, the methods reviewed provide a useful tool for inferring species extinction.
Natural convection in a vertical channel. Part 2. Oblique solutions and global bifurcations in a spanwise-extended domain
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Tuckerman Laurette S. , Schneider Tobias M.
Published: November 2024

Vertical thermal convection is a non-equilibrium system in which both buoyancy and shear forces play a role in driving the convective flow. Beyond the onset of convection, the driven dissipative system exhibits chaotic dynamics and turbulence. In a three-dimensional domain extended in both the vertical and the transverse dimensions, Gao et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 97, 2018, 053107) have observed a variety of convection patterns which are not described by linear stability analysis. We investigate the fully nonlinear dynamics of vertical convection using a dynamical-systems approach based on the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations. We compute the invariant solutions of these equations and the bifurcations that are responsible for the creation and termination of various branches. We map out a sequence of local bifurcations from the laminar base state, including simultaneous bifurcations involving patterned steady states with different symmetries. This atypical phenomenon of multiple branches simultaneously bifurcating from a single parent branch is explained by the role of

$D_4$

symmetry. In addition, two global bifurcations are identified: first, a homoclinic cycle from modulated transverse rolls and second, a heteroclinic cycle linking two symmetry-related diamond-roll patterns. These are confirmed by phase space projections as well as the functional form of the divergence of the period close to the bifurcation points. The heteroclinic orbit is shown to be robust and to result from a 1:2 mode interaction. The intricacy of this bifurcation diagram highlights the essential role played by dynamical systems theory and computation in hydrodynamic configurations.
Data-driven stabilization of an oscillating flow with linear time-invariant controllers
Authors: Jussiau William , Leclercq Colin , Demourant Fabrice , Apkarian Pierre
Published: November 2024

This paper presents advances towards the data-based control of periodic oscillator flows, from their fully developed regime to their equilibrium stabilized in closed loop, with linear time-invariant (LTI) controllers. The proposed approach directly builds upon the iterative method of Leclercq et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 868, 2019, pp. 26–65) and provides several improvements for an efficient online implementation, aimed at being applicable in experiments. First, we use input–output data to construct an LTI mean transfer functions of the flow. The model is subsequently used for the design of an LTI controller with linear quadratic Gaussian synthesis, which is practical to automate online. Then, using the controller in a feedback loop, the flow shifts in phase space and oscillations are damped. The procedure is repeated until equilibrium is reached, by stacking controllers and performing balanced truncation to deal with the increasing order of the compound controller. In this article, we illustrate the method for the classic flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number

$Re=100$

. Care has been taken such that the method may be fully automated and hopefully used as a valuable tool in a forthcoming experiment.
Triangular Insight on Open Banking in Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia
Authors: Hermawan Sapto , Khoirunisa Zenia Aziz , Tejomurti Kukuh
Published: November 2024

Open banking is a regulatory framework allowing customers to share their banking data with third-party service providers securely. This concept has gained traction recently, with many countries implementing it to increase competition and innovation in the financial industry. This article will examine how open banking is being implemented in Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia through triangular insight, mainly examining API (Application Programming Interface) standardization, security issues, a regulatory sandbox, customer insights, and user experiences. This article, using normative legal research, demonstrates that open banking is a regulatory framework that is indeed gaining traction in many countries, including Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia. While some challenges and weaknesses are associated with implementing open banking, it can potentially increase competition, innovation, and consumer welfare in the financial industry. Legal research and insights gleaned through triangular insight have been instrumental in developing the legal frameworks for open banking and ensuring that it is implemented securely, transparently, and ethically.
Random growth via gradient flow aggregation
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan
Published: November 2024

We introduce gradient flow aggregation, a random growth model. Given existing particles

$\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\} \subset \mathbb{R}^2$

, a new particle arrives from a random direction at

$\infty$

and flows in direction of the vector field

$\nabla E$

where

$ E(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{n}{1}/{\|x-x_i\|^{\alpha}}$

,

$0 < \alpha < \infty$

. The case

$\alpha = 0$

refers to the logarithmic energy

${-}\sum\log\|x-x_i\|$

. Particles stop once they are at distance 1 from one of the existing particles, at which point they are added to the set and remain fixed for all time. We prove, under a non-degeneracy assumption, a Beurling-type estimate which, via Kesten’s method, can be used to deduce sub-ballistic growth for

$0 \leq \alpha < 1$

,

$\text{diam}(\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}) \leq c_{\alpha} \cdot n^{({3 \alpha +1})/({2\alpha + 2})}$

. This is optimal when

$\alpha = 0$

. The case

$\alpha = 0$

leads to a ‘round’ full-dimensional tree. The larger the value of

$\alpha$

, the sparser the tree. Some instances of the higher-dimensional setting are also discussed.
APPROXIMATION THEOREMS THROUGHOUT REVERSE MATHEMATICS
Authors: SANDERS SAM
Published: November 2024

Reverse Mathematics (RM) is a program in the foundations of mathematics where the aim is to find the minimal axioms needed to prove a given theorem of ordinary mathematics. Generally, the minimal axioms are equivalent to the theorem at hand, assuming a weak logical system called the base theory. Moreover, many theorems are either provable in the base theory or equivalent to one of four logical systems, together called the Big Five. For instance, the Weierstrass approximation theorem, i.e., that a continuous function can be approximated uniformly by a sequence of polynomials, has been classified in RM as being equivalent to weak König’s lemma, the second Big Five system. In this paper, we study approximation theorems for discontinuous functions via Bernstein polynomials from the literature. We obtain many equivalences between the latter and weak König’s lemma. We also show that slight variations of these approximation theorems fall far outside of the Big Five but fit in the recently developed RM of new ‘big’ systems, namely the uncountability of

${\mathbb R}$

, the enumeration principle for countable sets, the pigeon-hole principle for measure, and the Baire category theorem.
Commutativity properties of Quinn spectra
Authors: Laures Gerd , McClure James E
Published: November 2024

We give a simple sufficient condition for Quinn’s ‘bordism-type’ spectra to be weakly equivalent to commutative symmetric ring spectra. We also show that the symmetric signature is (up to weak equivalence) a monoidal transformation between symmetric monoidal functors, which implies that the Sullivan–Ranicki orientation of topological bundles is represented by a ring map between commutative symmetric ring spectra. In the course of proving these statements, we give a new description of symmetric L theory which may be of independent interest.
Concentration and multiplicity of solutions for fractional double phase problems
Authors: Zhang Youpei , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D , Chen Jing , Qin Dongdong
Published: November 2024

In the present paper, we consider the following fractional double phase problem with nonlocal reaction:

\begin{align*}
\qquad \quad \left\{
\begin{array}{lll}
(- \Delta)_p^s u + (- \Delta)_q ^s u + V(\varepsilon x) (|u|^{p - 2} u + |u|^{q - 2} u) = \left(\frac{1}{|x|^\mu} * F(u)\right) f(u) & \ \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \\
u \in W^{s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N) \cap W^{s,q}(\mathbb{R}^N) ,\ u \gt 0 & \ \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N,
\end{array}
\right\}
\end{align*}

where ɛ is apositive parameter,

$0 \lt s \lt 1$

,

$2 \leqslant p \lt q \lt \min\{2p, N / s\}$

,

$0 \lt \mu \lt sp$

,

$(- \Delta)_t^s$

$(t \in \left\{p,q\right\})$

is the fractional t-Laplace operator, the reaction term

$f : \mathbb{R} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$

is continuous, and the potential

$V \in C (\mathbb{R}^N , \mathbb{R})$

satisfying a local condition. Using a variational approach and topological tools (the non-standard C1-Nehari manifold analysis and the abstract category theory), multiplicity of positive solutions and concentration properties for the above problem are established. Our results extend and complement some previous contributions related to double phase variational integrals.
Reexamining the Psychophysical Evidence for the Two Visual Streams
Authors: Henke Benjamin
Published: November 2024

The perception/action model posits distinct streams of visual processing for perception and online motor guidance. This model is apparently supported by experiments showing that visual illusions affect action tasks less than perception. In recent years, however, critics have argued against both the validity of these experiments and their support (irrespective of their validity) for the perception/action model. In this article, I reexamine this psychophysical evidence. I argue that it strongly supports the existence of distinct representations for “perception” and “action” but only moderately supports the existence of distinct systems generating those representations.
The distribution of focus and the mapping between syntax and information structure
Authors: Cruschina Silvio , Mayol Laia
Published: November 2024

The availability of preverbal focus in Romance is still the subject of controversy in the relevant literature. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of information focus in three Romance languages: Catalan, Spanish and Italian. The main goal is to understand if and to what extent information focus can occur preverbally in these three languages. To this end, we applied a new technique (Questions with a Delayed Answer) to elicit both production data and acceptability judgements. Our results show that preverbal foci are almost never produced in free speech under elicitation but are judged as acceptable by native speakers in rating tasks. The acceptability of preverbal foci, however, is subject to variation: they are more acceptable in Spanish but less so in Catalan and Italian. We interpret this difference across the three Romance languages in the light of the hypothesis formulated in Leonetti (2017), according to which Catalan and especially Italian are more restrictive than Spanish with respect to the mapping between syntax and information structure. While all languages resort to the dedicated word order with a more transparent information-structure partition for a focal subject (i.e. VS), Spanish is more permissive in also allowing a narrow focus interpretation of the subject in an SV order.
Pathways to health: A longitudinal examination of protective factors in children with and without preschool anxiety
Authors: Navarro Esmeralda , Davis Megan , Martin Sophia , Butler Lauren V. , Egger Helen , Carpenter Kimberly L.H. , Copeland William E. , Sheridan Margaret A.
Published: November 2024

Preschool anxiety is highly prevalent and well known to predict risk for future psychopathology. The present study explores whether a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder in preschool interacts with (a) social skills and (b) cognitive ability to longitudinally predict psychopathology, two well-known protective factors, among a sample of 207 children measured at preschool (Mage = 4.34 years) and early childhood (Mage = 6.61 years). To assess social skills and cognitive ability, we utilized the Social Skills Rating Scale and the Differential Abilities Scale, respectively. To assess psychopathology, we utilized the parent report of the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed significant interactions between both social skills and cognitive ability with preschool anxiety. We observed that social skills protected against emergent psychopathology for both children with and without anxiety, although this association was stronger for children with preschool anxiety. Contrastingly, cognitive ability served as a protective factor against future psychopathology primarily among children without preschool anxiety. Results from this study identify targets for future intervention and inform our understanding of how preschool anxiety, a common disorder among young children, shapes future psychopathology risk in childhood.
Assessment of cognitive and psychiatric disturbances in people with post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Masserini Federico , Pomati Simone , Cucumo Valentina , Nicotra Alessia , Maestri Giorgia , Cerioli Matteo , Giacovelli Luca , Scarpa Carolina , Larini Luca , Cirnigliaro Giovanna , dell’Osso Bernardo , Pantoni Leonardo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms have been increasingly reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, developing soon after infection and possibly persisting for several months. We aimed to study this syndrome and start implementing strategies for its assessment.

Methods

Consecutive patients, referred by the infectious disease specialist because of cognitive complaints after COVID-19, were neurologically evaluated. Neurological evaluation included a cognitive screening test (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). Moreover, patients were invited to fill out a general symptom questionnaire and a self-administered multidimensional assessment of psychiatric symptoms, followed by a full psychiatric assessment if scores were above validated cutoffs.

Results

Of 144 referred patients, 101 (mean age 55.2±13.1, 63.4% females) completed the cognitive screening and the self-administered psychiatric questionnaire. Acute infection severity was low for most patients and the most common persisting symptoms were fatigue (92%), sleep problems (69.5%), and headache (52.4%). MoCA outlined cognitive deficits in ≥1 cognitive domain in 34% of patients, mainly in memory and attention. About 60% of patients presented depressive, anxiety, or stress-related symptoms. Psychiatric scale scores significantly correlated with overall symptom burden and MoCA score. No significant correlation was found between MoCA scores and overall symptom burden.

Conclusion

We hypothesize that persistent cognitive complaints after COVID-19 might reflect a concomitant or reactive psychopathological condition, possibly coupled with an infection-related impact on cognitive functions. The application of a combined neurological and psychiatric assessment seems crucial to appraise the nature of post-COVID-19 condition.
Opioid antagonists: clinical utility, pharmacology, safety, and tolerability
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Harris Marni E. , Todtenkopf Mark S. , Akerman Sarah , Burgett Joshua
Published: November 2024

Opioid antagonists block opioid receptors, a mechanism associated with utility in several therapeutic indications. Here, we review the sites of action, clinical uses, pharmacology, and general safety profiles of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved opioid antagonists. A review of the literature and product labels of opioid antagonists was conducted. The unique clinical uses of approved opioid antagonists are related to their ability to block opioid receptors centrally and/or peripherally. Centrally acting opioid antagonists treat opioid and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and reverse opioid overdose. Because the opioid system influences weight and metabolism, one opioid antagonist combination product is approved for chronic weight management; another, approved for adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, mitigates olanzapine-associated weight gain. Peripherally acting opioid antagonists are approved for opioid-induced constipation; another accelerates gastrointestinal recovery after bowel surgery. Opioid antagonists are generally well tolerated; they are not associated with physiologic dependence or abuse. However, opioid antagonists can precipitate acute opioid withdrawal in patients using or undergoing withdrawal from opioid agonists. Likewise, their use can confer a risk for opioid overdose if attempts are made to overcome opioid antagonist blockade of opioid receptors via the intake of additional opioids. Opioid receptor antagonists have diverse therapeutic benefits based on their respective pharmacology and sites of action; understanding their respective nuances facilitates the safe and effective use of these agents.
Combining internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and attention bias modification for reducing depressive symptoms in firefighters: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Xiwen , Zhou Chengxiong , Zheng Yexing , Li Huaiyi , Tang Chao , Liu Xiang , Ma Ming , Li Dai , Li Yuanhui , Zhang Liqun , Xie Jilai , Du Linlin
Published: November 2024

Background:

Firefighters are frequently exposed to traumatic events and stressful environments and are at particularly high risk of depressive symptoms.

Aims:

The present study aimed to examine the impact of a combined internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) and attention bias modification (ABM) intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in firefighters.

Method:

The study was a randomized controlled trial carried out in Kunming, China, and involved the recruitment of 138 active firefighters as participants. The intervention lasted for an 8-week duration, during which participants participated in ABM exercises on alternating days and concurrently underwent eight modules of iCBT courses delivered through a smartphone application. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Results and Discussion:

Results indicated that the combined iCBT and ABM intervention was significantly effective in reducing symptoms of depression compared with the no intervention control group (U=1644, p<0.001, Wilcoxon r=0.280). No significant change was observed in attention bias post-intervention (U=2460, p=0.737, Wilcoxon r=0.039), while a significant increase was observed in attention-bias variability (U=3172, p<0.001, Wilcoxon r=–0.287). This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of the combined iCBT and ABM intervention in reducing depressive symptoms among firefighters. This study provides conceptual support and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the combined iCBT and ABM intervention in reducing depressive symptoms among firefighters.