bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politainment and the influence of its strategies on the language personality of the politician
Authors: Alexeev Alexander B.
Published: September 2020

The article dwells on the notion of the language personality of the politician-as-actor interpreted within the framework of the politainment theory: the term used in the paper does not indicate the previous profession of a politician but rather describes one of the peculiarities of the political discourse, viz. its theatricality. The paper argues that when political communication is being transformed into politainment, theatricality becomes its key component. Politainment is interpreted here as a hybrid type of political discourse including elements of mass-media and everyday spheres of communication, allowing to orient them at entertainment. Since the language of politainment performs a ludic function, it has often recourse to language game. For the communicative approach of the politician-as-actor it is typical to avoid serious consideration of political topics, to make use of communicative techniques which allow to simplify political problems. It is normal for him to recourse to vulgar language, offensive or otherwise insulting devices such as hyperboles, exaggerations, grotesque. The politician using techniques of politainement is a resourceful individual who can easily give metalinguistic comments, employ puns, euphemisms, dysphemisms, similes, hyperboles and other rhetoric means. Just like a traditional politician, the ‘actor’ is manipulative: he plays out different roles but, first and foremost, he is a star, a celebrity and a glamorous person. In this sense, the politician-as-actor has something in common with musicians and professional sportsmen. It is not unusual for the politainment to borrow their vocabulary: sports, musical instruments, names of musical groups and performers may be mentioned. Such a political actor “sets records”, “competes” with his political opponents, “knocks them out”, etc. To conclude, we may say that ‘actors’ take initiative to dominate on the contemporary political scene and to set a new trend in political communication. In this sense, politainment is not a phenomenon which is represented by orations of only several “linguistically creative” politicians; it is much wider, it influences the whole standard of political communication.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION IN READING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT USING STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Julianti Julianti , Regina Regina , Salam Urai
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to find out how STAD technique did improve students comprehension in reading descriptive text. The action hypothesis in this research was stated that teaching reading descriptive text using Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) technique can improve the achievement of the eighth grade students of MTSN 2 Pontianak. Classroom action research was used in conducting this research in two cycles. The data were divided measurement test, observation checklist, and field note. The result of the implementation shows that after the researcher conducted the actions, the students reading comprehension improved as shown in the result of both the observation on the students activities during the actions and their individual quizzes mean scores. From the reading comprehension test, the mean score of the individual quiz 1 was 48.57 and the mean score of the individual quiz 2 was 75.75. Student Team Achievement Divisions technique can improve reading comprehension of main idea, details, reference and inference.
THE USE OF WHAT COMES NEXT TECHNIQUE (WCNT) TO TEACH ACTION VERBS
Authors: Wiranto Irfan Agung , Sutapa Yohanes Gatot , Bunau Eusabinus
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to know whether What Comes Next technique affected significantly on learners action verbs achievement and to know the effect size of the technique. The form of this research is pre-experimental study with one group pretest and posttest design. The population was all the eleventh grade learners of SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak. By using cluster random sampling technique, the sample was XI Science 6 class consisted of 33 learners. The data collection technique was measurement technique and the tool of data collection was a test consisted of 25 items in the form of multiple choice. The result of the T-test was 12.25. It was higher than t-critical score (12.25 > 2.03). This indicated that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, meaning that What Comes Next Technique affect significantly in teaching vocabulary for the eleventh grade learners in SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak in the academic year of 2019/2020. The score of the effect size of the treatment was 2.08 and classed as Strong effect. As a result, it can be concluded that What Comes Next Technique give a strong effect in teaching vocabulary for the eleventh grade learners in SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak in the academic year of 2019/2020.
Ecología sociocultural de los estudiantes de Antropología de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Authors: Mendoza Mesías Leonardo Carlos
Published: September 2020

Esta es una investigación que se realizó durante el año 2017 en el campus universitario. El problema identificado aludía a la influencia de la ecología cultural en el entorno académico de los estudiantes de la facultad de Antropología de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, es decir, de qué manera ellos se adaptan socioculturalmente a su medio ambiente, cuáles son las estrategias que aplican cotidianamente y cómo es su relación con su medio ambiente natural y social. A partir de esto, el objetivo planteado fue analizar las manifestaciones de la ecología sociocultural practicada por los jóvenes universitarios de la facultad de Antropología en directa interacción con su entorno natural y social mediante la aplicación de su cultura. El aporte de este estudio es conocer la forma como los estudiantes resuelven sus dificultades sociales y ambientales a partir de la práctica de sus saberes individuales. El presente estudio, más que una investigación etnográfica, solo pretende ser una investigación explorativa. El método de campo fue el etnográfico, poniendo especial énfasis en la observación participante respaldada con técnicas audiovisuales y cuantitativas como la encuesta. El universo de la investigación consideró a los estudiantes de la facultad de Antropología, cuyo total aproximado fue de 370. Un primer resultado observado es que los estudiantes constituyen un grupo poblacional urbano, académicamente formado por una diversidad etaria y social, así como biológica y cultural muy plural.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v1i1.1
La formación humanista y habilidades blandas en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Sotelo de Mendiola Rosalía Jesús , Espíritu Orihuela Judi César
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer qué saben los estudiantes universitarios acerca de la formación humanista y las habilidades blandas en el desarrollo de su carrera profesional, para lo cual, se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú tienen poco conocimiento acerca de la formación humanista y las habilidades blandas en el desarrollo de su carrera profesional. El método empleado fue el descriptivo-explicativo. De los resultados se obtuvo que el 51 % de los encuestados son de sexo masculino y el 49 % restante, femenino; la mayoría de los encuestados tienen menos de 23 años, y cursan los semestres VIII, IX y X. Se concluyó que los estudiantes universitarios sí conocen sobre la formación humanista y habilidades blandas; sin embargo, estudios realizados por instituciones prestigiosas señalan que los egresados no tienen las habilidades “blandas”, como sentido ético o adaptabilidad, mientras que los estudiantes piensan que ese no es su problema, sino, la falta de conocimientos especializados, y que la separación entre humanidades y ciencias es solo un anacronismo y el mundo de hoy exige la interdisciplinariedad, ya que los problemas actuales son irresolubles desde una sola perspectiva.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v1i1.4
Familia y ciudadanía ambiental en una institución educativa pública de la provincia de Huancayo, Junín
Authors: Benturo Ignacio Karina , Condori Apaza Marisol , Reyna Arauco Gustavo Alberto
Published: September 2020

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar el rol que cumple la familia en la formación de la ciudadanía ambiental de los estudiantes de la I. E. “17 de Setiembre”, El Tambo, Huancayo, para lo cual, se recurrió al método científico y analítico. La investigación es de tipo básica, con enfoque metodológico mixto, nivel descriptivo y diseño anidado o incrustado concurrente de modelo dominante (DIAC). Se recolectó datos mediante dos instrumentos: cuestionario y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 43 estudiantes de ambos sexos, 28 mujeres y 15 varones que cursan el quinto grado de educación secundaria. Se aplicaron entrevistas a una madre de familia y a 2 docentes que imparten asignaturas relacionadas al medio ambiente en la misma institución educativa. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS V. 21, y para la comprobación de hipótesis, se utilizó la estadística de prueba binomial de Bernoulli con ayuda del programa estadístico Minitab V. 21. Para el tratamiento de la información cualitativa, se transcribieron las entrevistas mediante Microsoft Word. La investigación concluye que la familia, como primer agente de socialización, no logra formar ciudadanos ambientales, ya que no contribuye en la formación de derechos, responsabilidades, valores, normas y hábitos a favor del medio ambiente de sus integrantes.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v2i2.5
Rol que promueven los padres de familia de la Instituciones educativas del nivel primario del distrito de Chupaca en la educación sexual de sus hijos
Authors: Rojas Perales Patricia , Maravi Baldeon Layli , Garay Quintana Soledad
Published: September 2020

La investigación tuvo por objetivo describir el rol que promueven los padres de familia en la educación sexual de sus hijos, estudiantes en las instituciones educativas públicas del nivel primario del distrito de Chupaca, La investigación llevada a cabo fue de tipo básica y nivel descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 360 niños entre varones y mujeres de 8-11años de edad de dichas instituciones educativas, la muestra fue de 81 niños. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la encuesta y la entrevista, y los instrumentos, el cuestionario y la guía de entrevista. Los resultados evidencian que el rol que promueven los padres sobre en la educación sexual de sus hijos es regular (61.8%), en cuanto a la anatomía y fisiología sexual, la diferencia física y el funcionamiento del cuerpo del niño(a); asimismo, el 64.1% de padres poco orientan y explican sobre la importancia del cuerpo y el 51.5% no orientan sobre los derechos del cuerpo de su hijo. Se ha concluido que los roles promovidos por los padres en la educación sexual están sustentados en la cultura machista y estereotipos de género, por un modelo represivo de la educación sexual, además, los conocimientos y estrategias son casi nulas e inadecuadas para orientar a sus hijos.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v2i2.6
Discriminación laboral contra mujeres trabajadoras agrícolas del distrito de Sicaya, Huancayo
Authors: Manrique Canchari Ana , Macha Guerra Luz María , Gullo Rodríguez Salvatore Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Históricamente, el mundo rural ha contado con un valioso apoyo: la mujer andina, quien contribuye a la economía familiar. Su participación en el mundo laboral, sin embargo, está sujeta a prácticas excluyentes y discriminatorias que vulneran sus derechos. El Valle del Mantaro es un contexto geográfico de actividad agrícola; en el distrito de Sicaya, se observa a decenas de mujeres, naturales de la zona o migrantes, dedicarse a labores agrícolas, y muchas de ellas son víctimas de dichas prácticas por parte del contratista y de sus propios compañeros de trabajo. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación fue identificar cómo se presenta la discriminación laboral contra mujeres trabajadoras agrícolas del distrito de Sicaya, Huancayo (2017). Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo de diseño etnográfico. Para la muestra, se seleccionó intencionadamente a 10 mujeres, solteras o no, con hijos, que laboran para un contratista y que son sujetos de prácticas excluyentes. A estas mujeres se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad durante su tiempo de descanso; además, se observó su comportamiento durante las jornadas agrícolas y en el cuidado de sus menores hijos (observación participante). Se encontró que la preferencia del trabajo femenino o masculino depende del calendario agrícola; las mujeres madres reciben un trato intolerante del empleador, sobre todo cuando trabajan en compañía de sus menores hijos; las prácticas discriminatorias se expresan en la segregación por ocupación y sexo. Se concluye que la discriminación laboral por género contra la mujer se manifiesta en el trato despótico que reciben y en la diferenciación salarial respecto de los trabajadores varones.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v1i1.74
Metodología de enseñanza universitaria y aplicación de criterios innovadores en la docencia de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables de la Universidad Peruana los Andes
Authors: Sánchez Soto Juan Manuel , Visurraga Camargo Luis Antonio , López Gómez Henri Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación entre la metodología de enseñanza universitaria y la aplicación de criterios innovadores de enseñanza que se dan en la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables de la Universidad Peruana Los Andes. Para ello, se planteó una investigación de tipo cuantitativo y diseño correlacional-descriptivo. El método de investigación empleado fue el hipotético-deductivo. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por los estudiantes de la Facultad: un total de 3795 alumnos matriculados en el ciclo académico 2019-I. Mediante un muestreo probabilístico finito, se determinó la muestra, conformada por 150 estudiantes. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación significativa entre la variable metodología de enseñanza universitaria y la variable criterios de innovacion de enseñanza (rs=0.732, p<0.05) a un nivel positivo medio.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v4i1.47
Animals, veterinarians and the sociology of diagnosis
Authors: Hobson-West P , Jutel Annemarie
Published: September 2020

© 2019 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation for SHIL. While sociologists of medicine have focused their efforts on understanding human health, illness, and medicine, veterinary medical practice has not yet caught their attention in any sustained way. In this critical review article, we use insights from the sociology of diagnosis literature to explore veterinary practice, and aim to demonstrate the importance of animals to sociological understandings of health, illness and disease. As in human medicine, our analysis shows the importance of diagnosis in creating and maintaining the power and authority of the veterinary professional. However, we then explore how diagnosis operates as a kind of dance, where professional authority can be challenged, particularly in light of the complex ethical responsibilities and clinical interactions that result from the triad of professional/owner/animal patient. Finally, we consider diagnosis via the precept of entanglement, and raise the intriguing possibility of interspecies health relations, whereby decision-making in human health care may be influenced by experiences in animal health care and vice-versa. In our conclusion, we argue that this analysis provides opportunities to scholars researching diagnosis in human health care, particularly around the impact of commercial drivers; has implications for veterinary and public health practitioners; and should help animate the emerging sociology of veterinary medicine.
Book Review: The Legal Foundations of Inequality: Constitutionalism in the Americas, 1776-1860
Authors: Colon-Rios Joel
Published: September 2020

No description supplied
The Forms and Limits of Constitutional Change
Authors: Colon-Rios Joel
Published: September 2020

No description supplied
Effect of Financial Assistance on the Motivation and Satisfaction of Students with Disabilities at University Level in Punjab
Authors: Ghulam Fatima  , Samina Ashraf  , Rukhsana Bashir  , Noreen Rafiq
Published: September 2020

Education has become a necessary investment in future employment and life satisfaction and motivation for students with disabilities. Most, however, cannot afford to make this investment without some outside monetary assistance. The study was aimed to identify the effect of financial assistance being provided to students with disabilities enrolled in public and private sector universities in the province of Punjab on their motivation and satisfaction. The population of study comprised all students with disabilities (hearing impaired, visually impaired and physically handicapped) who were receiving higher education in public and private sector universities in Punjab. A sample of 56 students with disabilities including hearing impairment, visual impairment, and physical handicap was conveniently taken from three public and three private sector universities located in the Punjab. Data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire containing twenty-three statements measuring the effect of financial assistance on the motivation and satisfaction of university students. Reliability index of the instrument was (Cronbach alpha α= .95). Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the data. Major findings revealed that financial assistance was having a significant positive effect on the motivation and satisfaction of students with disabilities. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made to the Government of the Punjab for making the process of providing financial support to the students with disabilities more transparent and fast.
Salt Gradation Analysis for Winter Road Maintenance
Authors: Hashemian Leila , Saroj Neeraj , Mehran Babak , Bayat Alireza
Published: September 2020

This research investigates the salt gradation specifications adopted by different provincial or state highway departments in Canada and the US for winter road maintenance operations. To understand the type of used salt, its quantity, grain size distribution, application method and the level of satisfaction of the user, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to selected provincial/state highway departments in Canada and the US. The survey-based comparative analysis performed on the salt gradation in different jurisdictions showed that the salt gradation does not always fit in ASTM (American Society of the International Association for Testing and Materials) and BS (British Standard) standard curves. However, it was found that the gradation of coarse and fine salt used by most Canadian provinces follows ASTM I and the Finnish standards, respectively. Although the majority of jurisdictions surveyed in this study have specific requirements for gradation of the salt used in their winter maintenance operations, no laboratory tests or field trials have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a particular salt gradation for road winter maintenance operations. It was also found that salt gradation standards are compromised due to factors such as local availability of the material, purity of the available material, ease of material handling, ease of application, and the preference of private contractors for certain materials.
Derin Öğrenme ve Destek Vektör Makineleri İle Görüntüden Cinsiyet Tahmini
Authors: METLEK Sedat , KAYAALP Kiyas
Published: September 2020

Yapılan çalışmada günümüzün popular konularından olan derin öğrenme algoritmaları üzerine bir uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen uygulamada görüntülerden yüz tespiti yapılıp ardından görüntüdeki kişinin cinsiyet tahmini yapılmıştır. Bu uygulamada Wiki görüntü veri tabanından elde edilen 62328 görüntü kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan görüntüler üzerinde, yüz görüntüsü bulunmayanlar veri setinden çıkartılarak yeni bir veri oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan veri setindeki görüntülerden, ileri derin öğrenme tekniklerinden biri olan Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları yöntemi kullanılarak öznitelikler çıkartılmıştır. Elde edilen özniteliklerde Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM) ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Sınıflandırma başarı sonucu karmaşıklık matrisi ile gösterilmiş olup, %94,4 başarı oranı ile sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Tango: atração e relutância
Authors: Buffa Ester
Published: September 2020

ResumoNeste ensaio, a autora escreve sobre os prazeres que sente quando dança, especialmente, tango. Organizou o texto em duas partes. Na primeira, trata de algumas concepções divergentes de se encarar o corpo e a alma ou mente, considerando-os nos seus aspectos de conservação e transgressão. Para tanto, partiu das concepções gregas sobre corpo e alma, mencionou o filósofo R. Descartes, recorreu ao também filósofo B. Espinosa, principalmente quando trata das afecções, isto é, das ações e paixões da alma e do corpo. Comentou, ainda, N. Bonder que também se preocupou com estas questões, seguindo os traços de Espinosa. Na segunda parte, dá asas à sua subjetividade mostrando os prazeres que sente ao dançar tango.Palavras-chave: Corpo. Dança. Tango.Tango: attraction and reluctanceAbstractIn this essay, the author writes about the pleasures she feels when she dances, especially tango. She organized the text in two parts. In the first, it deals with some divergent conceptions of facing the body and the soul or mind, considering them in their aspects of conservation and transgression. For that, he started from the Greek conceptions about body and soul, mentioned the philosopher R. Descartes, he also resorted to the philosopher B. Espinosa, mainly when he deals with the affections, that is, the actions and passions of the soul and the body. The intellectual N. Bonder also commented that he was also concerned with these issues, following Espinosa's traits. In the second, she gives vent to his subjectivity, showing the pleasures she feels when dancing tango.Keywords: Body. Dance. Tango.Tango: atracción y reluctanciaResumenEn este ensayo, la autora escribe sobre los placeres que siente cuando baila, especialmente el tango. Organizó el texto en dos partes. En el primero, trata con algunas concepciones divergentes de enfrentar el cuerpo y el alma o la mente, considerándolas en sus aspectos de conservación y transgresión. Para eso partió de las concepciones griegas sobre el cuerpo y el alma, mencionó el filósofo R. Descartes, también recurrió al filósofo B. Espinosa, principalmente cuando se trata de los afectos, es decir, las acciones y pasiones del alma y del cuerpo. El intelectual N. Bonder también comentó que a él también le preocupaban estos temas, siguiendo los rasgos de Espinosa. En el segundo, da alas a su subjetividad mostrando los placeres que siente al bailar tango.Palabras clave: Cuerpo. Danza. Tango.
The Effectiveness of NUL Programmes in Creating the Social Resposibility
Authors: Seotsanyana 'Malimpho Elsie
Published: September 2020

The employer’s views have been sought on the quality of the National University of Lesotho (NUL) programmes in relation to addressing the concept of social responsibility. The employers’ views were sought through observing the quality of performance of the NUL graduates at the workplace and at the community engagements. The NUL designed programmes that are expected to address the societal needs, hence the reason why it is important to find out whether the programmes that prepared the graduates for the workplace have a successful outcome.

A total of 150 employers in the Lesotho Ministries of Education and Training as well as Local Government and chieftainship in three of the ten districts of Lesotho formed the sample of the study. A two part questionnaire with four point likert scale of strongly agree and strongly disagree; highly satisfied and highly dissatisfied was designed to find out information on the employers’ perceptions on the performance of

the NUL graduates in relation to social responsibility. Frequency counts analysis with descriptive statistics was employed to indicate the results of the study. Research results confirmed that the NUL programmes have deficiencies in moulding all graduates with competence in social responsibility. It was observed that there were graduates that have achieved the social responsibility skills, but there are those graduates who still require further training on the issue of social responsibility. It is therefore recommended that the NUL should periodically review its programmes in order to prepare a well rounded graduate that could be a community developer.
PENGARUH CAPITAL STRUCTURE TERHADAP FIRM VALUE DENGAN PROFITABILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Anisa Anisa
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to test the effect of capital structure on firm value. Meanwhile, ‘profitability’ served as the mediating variable on the mining companies which have been go public and registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study belonged to quantitative research and it was expected to successfully measure the effects between the variables. Data collection was performed by using secondary data from the official website of Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), which is IDX, related to the 21 mining companies registered in BEI, of which these companies achieved profits in a period of three years (2016, 2017 and 2018). Data processing was performed by using a program so-called Smart Pls 3.0. The first result of this study implied that the variable namely ‘profitability’ was the one that partially mediated the effect of the capital structure on the firm value. The second result was that no direct effect was found between capital structure and firm value. As for the next research result, profitability has no impact on the firm value.

The companies with the ever growing risks would lead the creditor to increase the interest rates, resulting in the increment of the company’s average capital costs. The companies who possessed big amount of debts tended to had higher average capital costs so the values of the companies were rather falling off.    

 

Keywords : capital structure, firm value, profitability
AB’nin İşletmelerle Kurduğu Diyalogda Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk: Çevresel Düzenlemeler ve İnsan Hakları Girişimleri Kapsamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: Sönmez Pelin
Published: September 2020

Kaynakların daha sürdürülebilir kullanılması meselesi ile insan haklarını iyileştirme ve genelleştirilmeye yönelik kaygılar küresel aktör davranışlarında giderek daha önemli bir yer bulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Avrupa Birliği (AB) çevreye karşı sorumlu ve insan haklarına daha saygılı bir organizasyon olmak çabasını taraf olduğu uluslararası sözleşmeler, çıkardığı yasalar ve stratejilerle ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan AB, işletmelerle kurduğu diyalog zeminine de bu kavramları yerleştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kavramı üzerinden AB’nin işletmelerle kurmuş olduğu ilişki özellikle 2011 yılı sonrası gelişmeler üzerinden incelenmektedir. Dolayısıyla ilk bölümde genel olarak uluslararası toplumun sürdürülebilir kalkınma kapsamındaki çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Ardından kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kavramı üzerinde durulmuş ve AB’nin bu kapsamdaki girişimleri hukuki çerçeve ve stratejiler üzerinden incelenmiştir.
Analisis Kebijakan Pengembangan Usaha Keluarga Sasaran Program Jaminan Sosial Cilegon Mandiri (KSJSCM)
Authors: Widyastuti Yeni
Published: September 2020

Mayor Regulation No. 7 of 2017 concerning Jaminan Sosial Cilegon Mandiri.  (JSCM) is a program that aims to support the fulfillment of basic needs, education, and family health of poor and disadvantaged people in the form of social assistance. One of the goals of this program is for the family who receives the program able to develop businesses that are managed continuously to improve family welfare. This paper tries to provide recommendations to policy implementers regarding policy alternative to develop and manage bussiness of target group (families that receive JSCM) by formulation of policy analysis issues, formulation of objectives, alternative policies, criteria and assessment of alternative policies and recommendations.
The magnetic switch manufacturing by using ferrofluid and ferrofluid doped copper nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Rehab Abd Al Hussin , Yusr Hashim Ali , Bassam Soudad S.
Published: September 2020

In this work, a magnetic switch was prepared using two typesof ferrofluid materials, the pure ferrofluid and ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles (10 nm). The critical magnetic field (Hc) and the state of magnetic saturation (Hs) were studied using three types of laser sources. The main parameters of the magnetic switch measured using pure ferrofluid and He-Ne Laser source were Hc(0.5 mv, 0.4 G), Hs (8.5 mv, 3 G). For the ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles were Hc (1 mv, 4 G), Hs (15 mv, 9.6 G), Using green semiconductor laser for the Pure ferrofluid were Hc (0.5 mv, 0.3 G) Hs (15 mv, 2.9 G). While the ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles were Hc (0.5 mv, 1 G), Hs (12 mv, 2.8 G) and by using the violet semiconductor laser the pure ferrofluid parameters were Hc(0.5 mv, 0.5 G), Hs (15 mv, 3.5 G) while the ferrofluid doped with coppernanoparticles are Hc (0.5 mv,1 G), Hs (15 mv, 3.3 G).
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Thyme Vulgaris leaves extract and its Antibacterial activity
Authors: Rakaa Jomana Maher , Obaid Ahmed S.
Published: September 2020

In the current research, an eco-biosynthesis method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported using thymus vulgaris leaves (T. vulgaris) extracts. The optical and structural properties of the nanoparticles is determined using UV-visible, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). In addition, the synthesis factors such as the temperature, the molar ratio of silver nitride and thymus vulgaris leaves extract have been investigated. The XRD pattern presented higher intensity for the five characteristic peaks of silver. FESEM images for same samples indicated that the particle size was distributed between 24-56 nm. In addition, it’s observed the formation of some aggregated Ag particles which is expected due to the precipitation effect. The mixtures were used to inhibit two kinds of bacteria which are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method.The results show the effectiveness of the synthesized AgNPs on inhabitation the growing up of the bacteria and their isolates. Where the AgNPs which synthesised with volumetric ratio of 1:10 show a higher inhibition efficiency for different concentration of the bacteria under the investigating.
Evaluating Electrocoagulation Process for Water Treatment Efficiency Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mahmood Rand Shakir , Al-Musawi Nawar O.A.
Published: September 2020

The electrocoagulation process became one of the most important technologies used for water treatment processes in the last few years. It’s the preferred method to remove suspended solids and heavy metals from water for treating drinking water and wastewater from textile, diary, and electroplating factories. This research aims to study the effect of using the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes on the removal efficiency of suspended solids and turbidity presented in raw water and optimizing by the response surface methodology (RSM). The most important variables studied in this research included electrode spacing, the applied voltage, and the operating time of the electrocoagulation process. The samples were taken from the Al Qadisiyiah water treatment plant. The treatment set up was in a batch mode; two parallel plates of aluminum were used as electrodes. Experimental results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 96% for turbidity and 97% for TSS were obtained at operating time 60 minutes, voltage 30 V, and electrode spacing 1.7cm. Two models for predicting removal efficiency obtained, the first model was for turbidity with a correction factor of 94.7%, and the second one was for the TSS with a correction factor of 94.85%.
Optimization and Modeling the Performance of a Mediator-less Microbial Fuel Cell using Butler-Volmer-Monod Model
Authors: Khazaal Rusul Muaffaq , Ismail Zaineb Ziad
Published: September 2020

In this study, a one-dimensional model represented by Butler-Volmer-Monod (BVM) model was proposed to compute the anode overpotential and current density in a mediator-less MFC system. The system was fueled with various organic loadings of real field petroleum refinery oily sludge to optimize the favorable organic loading for biomass to operate the suggested system. The increase in each organic loading showed higher resistance to electrons transport to the anode represented by ohmic loss. On the contrary, both activation and mass transfer losses exhibited a noticeable decrement upon the increased organic loadings. However, current density was improved throughout all increased loads achieving a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m3. The BVM model perfectly expressed the bioelectrochemical reactions in the anodic-chamber. The experimental measurements for all the studied organic loadings agreed with the model predicted values by an estimated determination factor (R2) of 0.96, proving the validity of the proposed mathematical model to express the anodic bioelectrochemical reactions in the MFC. Also, the sustainable power generated from each cycle was evaluated, and it was found that higher sustainable energy can be harvested from higher organic loading 1000 g/L, which achieved maximum sustainable energy of 0.83 W/m3.
Algorithmic Synergy and Architectural Form Generation Mechanisms
Authors: Al-shukri Noor Ameer , Al-Majidi Basim Hasan
Published: September 2020

Today, the architecture field is witnessing a noticeable evolution regarding the used tools that the designer should invest in a peculiar way that is made available in architecture through the concept of synergy generally and algorithmic synergy specifically. The synergy is meant to study and analyze the cooperative behavior of complex systems and self-organizing systems that leads to different outputs referred to by the synergy as the (whole), which is bigger than the sum of parts and in architecture, it's translated as the architectural form. This point resulted in a need of a specific study regarding the concept of synergy that focuses on the cooperative, synergistic relations within the trilogy of (form, structure, and material) and clarifies the role of technological evolution of design tools through algorithmic synergy in formulating that relation, thus resulted in the research's problem which came in the following statement (The lack of clear knowledge of the algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally) and to solve this problem and Achieving the research goal which is represented in (Clarifying the knowledge regarding the role of algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally), the research clarifies the concept of "Synergy" in general and "Algorithmic Synergy" precisely in order to get the epitome of vocabulary on the theoretical part and moving on to the practical application on elected projects samples  moving on to the conclusions and recommendations that shows having the architecture a self-organizing synergy system connects the designer and the developed digital tool that is provided by algorithmic synergy, plays a vital role in reaching the digitally synergized whole that represented by the architectural form.
Stabilization of Al-Rustamiya Waste Water Treatment Plant Sludge Using Lime
Authors: Jasim Noor Ali , Ibrahim Jathwa Abdul Kareem
Published: September 2020

A study was performed to evaluate heavy metals removal from sewage sludge using lime. The processes of stabilization using alkaline chemicals operating on a simple principle of raising pH to 12 or higher, with sufficient mixing and suitable contact time to ensure that immobilization can reduce heavy metals. A 0.157 m3 tank was designed to treat Al-Rustemeyia wastewater treatment plant sludge. Characteristics of raw sludge were examined through two parameters: pH and heavy metal analysis. Different lime doses of (0- 25) g CaO/100 g sludge were mixed manually with raw sludge in a rotating drum. The samples were analyzed two hours after mixing. pH and heavy metals results were compared with EPA and National Iraqi Standard (NIS). Results showed as lime was added, the concentration of heavy metals decreases the higher the dose, the less heavy metals concentrations in the sludge. Although the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge was among the determinants according to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the results showed that 750 g of lime per 3 kg of sludge had reduced the concentration of heavy metals zinc from (662.934) mg/kg sludge to (452.998) mg/kg sludge, copper from (113.101) mg/kg sludge to (64.981) mg/kg sludge, lead from (91.215) mg/kg sludge to (53.307) mg/kg sludge, nickel from 107.257 mg/kg sludge to (50.478) mg/kg sludge, molybdenum from (13.743) mg/kg sludge to (8.724) mg/kg sludge). At the same time, the dose of 450 g lime per 3 kg of sludge had reduced the concentration of chromium from (110.577) mg/kg sludge to (0) mg/kg sludge.
Theoretical Prediction of Thermophysical Properties of Waste Beef Tallow Biodiesel
Authors: Srinivasan Gokul Raghavendra , Jambulingam Ranjitha
Published: September 2020

In this present study, simple linear equations were developed for predicting the thermo-physical properties of beef tallow biodiesel by considering their molecular weight and number of double bonds as two independent variables. Interestingly, molecular weight signifies as a function of carbon chain length and number of carbon molecules in it whereas numbers of double bond signifies the degree of unsaturation.
Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi
Authors: Cahyana Gede H
Published: September 2020

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.
Hipersemiotika Dakwah dan Budaya New Normal di Indonesia
Authors: Sainuddin Ibnu Hajar , ASMAR AFIDATUL
Published: September 2020

Masa pandemi covid-19 membuat masyarakat berada dalam kebimbangan dengan banyaknya berita yang simpang siur dari berbagai media. Pada perjalanannya, dakwah dan budaya di Indonesia tidak bisa dipisahkankan. Periode ini bisa ditemukan hampir dari bentuk atau kebiasaan orang-orang di Indonesia sejak mengenal budaya nenek moyang, hingga periode masuknya Islam sebagai agama rahmatan lil alamin. Begitupun dengan masa dimana dunia hari ini mengalami wabah virus Corona. Tidak terkecuali dengan Indonesia yang mayoritas agama Islam juga sangat menjunjung tinggi budaya sebagai sebuah pendekatan didalam menyebarkan Islam pun sebagai bagian dari ciri khas masyarakat Indonesia itu sendiri.
Reflecting the Times? Reexamining the Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Perceptions of Campus Sexual Assault
Authors: Henry Adrienne , Perillo Anthony , Reitz-Krueger Cristina , Perillo Jennifer Torkildson
Published: September 2020

We examined effects of victim and perpetrator alcohol intoxication on perceptions of campus sexual assault. Participants (N = 276) read a campus assault vignette; both perpetrator and victim intoxication levels were manipulated. Participants reported attitudes toward both parties and perceptions of responsibility, blame, and criminal and civil liability. Contrary to some past research, participants blamed victims less-- and more strongly considered the incident rape or sexual assault-- when victims were highly intoxicated. Perceptions were most punitive toward sober perpetrators with highly intoxicated victims. Results suggest possible shifts in perceptions of consent, further discussed in context of historical and population factors.
Ising formulations of some graph-theoretic problems in psychological research: models and methods
Authors: Brusco Michael , Davis-Stober Clintin , Steinley Douglas
Published: September 2020

It is well known that many NP-hard and NP-complete graph-theoretic problems can be formulated and solved as Ising spin models. We discuss several problems that have a particular history in mathematical psychology, most notably max-cut clustering, graph coloring, a linear ordering problem related to paired comparison ranking and directed acyclic graphs, and the problem of finding a minimum subset of points necessary to contain another point within a convex hull. New Ising spin models are presented for the latter two problems. In addition, we provide MATLAB software programs for obtaining solutions via enumeration of all spin ensembles (when computationally feasible) and simulated annealing. Although we are not advocating that the Ising spin model is the preferred approach for formulation and solution of graph-theoretic problems on conventional digital computers, it does provide a unifying framework for these problems. Moreover, recent progress in the development of quantum computing architecture has shown that Ising spin models can afford enormous improvements in algorithm efficiency when implemented on these platforms, which may ultimately lead to widespread use of the methodology in the future.
Using political psychology to understand populism, intellectual virtues, and democratic backsliding
Authors: Haas Ingrid Johnsen
Published: September 2020

Political scientists have argued that populism is an ideology that can occur on both the left and right, whereby people begin to see politics as a battle between the people and a powerful elite that fails to represent the people’s interest and are attracted to political candidates who vow to fight corruption. In this chapter, I examine how research in political psychology may help to explain the motivations underlying citizens’ attraction to populist ideologies and political candidates. I argue that the same cognitive processes driving people toward populism are those that undermine the intellectual virtues, which in turn, decreases support for democratic norms and can lead to democratic backsliding. In particular, I examine the role of affective states like threat, uncertainty, and anger in driving both increased support for populism and decreased support for open-minded discussion and debate. I also consider whether and how misinformation and attraction to conspiracy theories mediate the link between populism and antidemocratic tendencies.
Wanting and Liking: Testing the Factor Structure of The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale in Major Depression and Community Samples
Authors: Hallford David John , Austin David W.
Published: September 2020

The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is a multidimensional self-report measure that has been used to improve understanding of anticipation (“wanting”) and consummation (“liking”) of reward. The TEPS has been used to assess anhedonia in clinical depression, but its factor structure has not yet been confirmed in this population. This seems important given mixed findings on the model fit and factor structure of the TEPS in clinical and community samples. To remedy this, the current study used confirmatory factor analysis to test models of the TEPS items across three studies: 1) in adults with major depression (N = 334), 2) in youth with major depression (N = 305), and 3) in a community sample (N = 320). In summary, the model fit of the two-factor TEPS scales was adequate in depressed and community Australian samples. Nevertheless, some items may require removal or revision based on cultural preferences for pleasurable experiences. On comparing the clinical and community groups, deficits in the experience of pleasure in depression were replicated, and were more pronounced in anticipatory pleasure/wanting (d = 1.33) relative to consummatory pleasure/liking (d = 0.64).
Culture in Language and Cognition
Authors: Sinha Chris
Published: September 2020

This Handbook chapter provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of language, cognition and culture. The chapter explores the historical background of research from anthropological, psychological and linguistic perspectives. The key concepts of linguistic relativity, semiotic mediation and extended embodiment are explored and the field of cultural linguistics is outlined. Research methods are critically described. The state of the art in the key research topics of colour, space and time, and self and identities is outlined.
Response Styles Theory and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: A Network Approach
Authors: Moriarity Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background: Response styles theory is a well-supported etiological theory of internalizing psychopathology. However, evidence indicates that the three response styles (rumination, problem-solving, and distraction) are not orthogonal, highlighting the importance of multivariate tests of this theory. Further, different types of symptoms within a disorder can have different risk factors, suggesting that refinement of theory and response style-focused interventions is possible with the help of analyses that go beyond symptom total scores or diagnoses. Methods: A sample of 567 participants (Mage=12.6 years, 54.1% female) completed measures of response styles, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. A subset of 360 completed these measures a second time (mean/median months apart=18.2/12.4). Internalizing symptoms and response styles were modeled in cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel network models. Results: Rumination was the response style most comorbid with concurrent internalizing symptoms. Social anxiety, negative self-concept, and dysphoria were the symptom domains most comorbid with a classically-defined maladaptive response profile. Distraction was the response style most strongly predictive of future symptoms, whereas negative self-concept, somatic depression, and somatic anxiety were the strongest predictors of future response styles. Conversely, rumination was the response style most strongly predicted by past internalizing symptoms and dysphoria was the symptom subtype most strongly predicted by past response styles. Conclusions: Differential prospective relationships between response styles and symptom subtypes suggest that response style theory, and treatments informed by it, should be conceptualized transdiagnostically and at a more fine-grained level than diagnostic categories.