bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATIVE TOLERANCE FORMATION AT UNIVERSITY: PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Sivtseva Aleksandra S. , Mirontseva Svetlana S. , Bugoslavskaya Alexandra V.
Published: October 2024

The study explores the establishment of communicative tolerance (CT) as a crucial pedagogical and psychological factor in shaping the communicative competence of prospective professionals. It draws on the examination of various studies conducted by scholars from both domestic and international backgrounds.
Objective of the research. The primary goal of this paper is to elucidate the concept of "communicative tolerance" and to devise, validate and apply a pedagogical approach to cultivate CT among future psychologists in EFL university classes.
The authors' research introduces a new aspect by defining the core principle of "communicative tolerance" and outlining its structural elements, as well as devising a method for cultivating CT. The experimental study identified three fundamental levels of CT at both the outset and conclusion of the project.
The research introduces a novel concept of "communicative tolerance" and provides a clear definition of its structural components, along with the development of a technology for fostering CT. The study identified three levels of CT at both the initial and final stages of the experimental work.
Materials and methods utilized in the research included theoretical approaches such as analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature, as well as a review of federal documents. Empirical methods like observation and testing, sociological methods such as surveys and questioning, and mathematical and statistical techniques for both quantitative and qualitative data processing were employed. The methodology was based on the General Communicative Tolerance questionnaire by V.V. Boyko, complemented by a series of psychological diagnostic tests.
Research results. The study at Sevastopol State University included 35 fourth-year students. By applying educational methods, it was demonstrated that CT levels among students can rise by 14%. This research confirms the importance of continuously enhancing students' critical thinking in a university environment. The practical applications of these findings extend to enhancing the professional skills of educators through additional vocational training, job placement, and on-the-job training programs.
MOTIVATIONAL READINESS TOWARDS THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF CADETS IN THE UNIVERSITIES UNDER THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Authors: Serebrovskaya Natalia E. , Fedoseeva Olga I. , Shcherbakova Mariya P.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The article is devoted to the problem of motivational readiness towards the professional activity of cadets in the universities under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to improve the training quality in the field of public order protection, protection of citizens' interests and control over compliance with the rule of law in all spheres of society. The subject of the analysis is the motivational readiness formation peculiarities towards the professional activity among cadets of universities under the Ministry of Internal Affairs (on the example of the Federal State Public Educational Establishment of Higher Training «Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation» cadets).
Methodology. The research is based on the methodology of the study motivation at the University by T.I. Ilyina and the methodology of value diagnosing orientations in the career "Career Anchors" by E. Shein.
Results. The obtained research results allowed us to identify the dynamics of the leading motives, as well as to identify a group of the most significant value orientations of students of the Nizhniy Novgorod academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, underlying their mastery of the future profession: service orientation (the need to benefit people, society), integration of lifestyles (a successful combination of personal life and career), professional competence (constant self-improvement and improvement of one's professional level) and challenge (willingness to act in extreme situations, take responsibility for solving complex tasks).
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the process of preparing and conducting classes in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as by practicing employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Co-occurrence of psychopathological symptom severity and personality predisposition in post-traumatic stress disorder in patients several months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19
Authors: Bętkowska-Korpała Barbara , Olszewska-Turek Katarzyna , Pastuszak-Draxler Anna , Laskowska-Wronarowicz Anna , Walczewska Jolanta , Starowicz-Filip Anna , Dudek Dominika
Published: October 2024

Cel pracy

Celem badania było ustalenie współwystępowania objawów psychopatologicznych i predyspozycji osobowościowych w zespole stresu pourazowego (PTSD) i jego wymiarów kilka miesięcy po hospitalizacji pacjentów z ciężkim COVID-19 w okresie 2 i 3 fali epidemii.

Metoda

Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 138 osób, w okresie 7-8 miesięcy po hospitalizacji z powodu Covid-19. Badani wypełniali kwestionariusze PCL-5 i TIPI oraz skale HADS i AIS. W modelach zastosowano analizę korelacji oraz analizę krokowej regresji wielokrotnej, w których zmiennymi niezależnymi były: stres, lęk, depresja i zaburzenia snu a zależnymi PTSD i jego wymiary.

Wyniki

22,5% pacjentów spełniło kryteria PTSD. Kobiety i mężczyźni nie różnili się pod względem nasilenia lęku, depresji, zaburzeń snu, dystresu oraz PTSD. Z nasileniem PTSD współwystępowały: lęk, zaburzenia snu, depresja. Wszystkie wymiary PTSD były powiązane z lękiem. Intruzja i Zmiany w pobudzeniu i reaktywności były powiązane z zaburzeniami snu. Zmiany w pobudzeniu i reaktywności były powiązane z subiektywną oceną dystresu. Negatywnych zmiany w funkcjonowaniu poznawczym i nastroju były powiązane z depresją oraz niskim poziom ekstrawersji.

Wnioski

Istnieje współwystępowanie nasilenia objawów psychopatologicznych takich jak lęk, depresja, dystres i zaburzenia snu z nasileniem PTDS i jego wymiarów wśród pacjentów, którzy przeszli w nieodległej przeszłości ciężkie zachorowanie na Covid-19.
Czynnikiem chroniącym przed PTSD po hospitalizacji jest wyższy poziom ekstrawersji. Obecność nasilenia stresu oraz któregokolwiek z badanych objawów obserwowanych u Pacjenta w trakcie kontrolnej wizyty lekarskiej sugeruje konieczność pogłębienia diagnozy w kierunku szerszego wymiaru trudności w postaci PTSD u chorych, którzy byli hospitalizowani z powodu COVID-19 i wdrożenia specjalistycznej psychiatryczno-psychologicznej pomocy.
¿Qué hacer cuando el mar cuida nuestro estaño y latón?.
Authors: Frias-Bulhosa Elisa
Published: October 2024

Este artículo aborda el estudio de la colección de objetos metálicos de una colección que resulta del hallazgo de un naufragio de la Edad Moderna. A través del inventario de los objetos objeto de estudio se desarrolló un análisis formal, funcional y social. Se pretende poner de relieve el escaso estudio dedicado a los objetos de latón y, con especial énfasis, de estaño en Portugal, además de diseccionar las metodologías utilizadas internacionalmente y documentar la discrepancia de información entre los diferentes contextos científicos que se han dedicado al tema.
SIX STEPS TO HELP IMPROVE ADOPTION
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

Around 3,500 children are adopted in the UK each year. To mark National Adoption Week, an expert explores challenges facing the adoption system in England and examples of good practice are showcased
Strengths-focused leadership
Authors: Baron Samantha
Published: October 2024

A whole-system approach to strengths-focused leadership connects and enables professionals to develop individually and collaborate within teams for organisations to achieve better outcomes
Impact of Co-Management Mode on Diagnosis and Treatment Compliance in Community-Level Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wu Yanjuan , Shi Hong , Wang Hongying , Lan Xiaochun , Ren Yuezhong , Tong Yihan
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background To implement a co-management mode among community-level diabetes patients and analyze its impact on diagnosis and treatment compliance and diabetic retinopathy of the patients.

Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent diabetic retinopathy examination in Lanxi People’s Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed, including 40 patients who adopted the conventional diabetes management mode from January 2021 to August 2021 as the control group. From September 2021 to March 2022, 40 patients in the county medical service community diabetes management team model were adopted as the management group. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of diabetic retinopathy indictors, biochemical examination indicators, self-management ability, and nursing management satisfaction.

Results Number of patients complying with treatment protocols in the management group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood spot area, macular thickness, hemangioma volume, and visual-field grayscale value in the management group at the last follow-up were all lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in the management group at the last follow-up were all lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The scores of disease cognition ability, self-management ability, and nursing management satisfaction in the management group were all higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion By changing management concept and implementing the whole-process management and treatment mode for diabetic patients within the scope of the county medical service community, the diagnosis and treatment compliance of the patients can be improved, and the effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels can be achieved, thereby improving the self-management ability and nursing management satisfaction of the patients and providing a new nursing mode for chronic disease management.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Moderate-to-Severe Acute Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cui Na , Wu Jia , Zhang Xinchun , Pu Yingna , Zhao Bei , Han Tingting , Chen Ling
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background Acute radiation dermatitis is the most common complication of radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer, with mild severity relieved by symptomatic treatment and moderate-to-severe severity leading to compromised skin integrity and affecting the patient's quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to develop a prediction model for moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer to reduce its severity.

Methods A retrospective analysis of 713 patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 was conducted, with January 2019 to December 2021 serving as the training group (497 patients) and January 2022 to December 2023 serving as the validation group (216 patients). Patients in the training group were classified as having mild (383 patients) or moderately severe (114 patients) acute radiation dermatitis. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent effects on moderately severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer, and a predictive model of the bar-folding plot was constructed and validated.

Results Univariable analysis revealed that age, body mass index, targeted therapy, oral tamoxifen use, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, positive regional lymph node metastasis, value-added index, and triple-negative breast cancer were factors influencing moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, positive regional lymph node metastasis, and value-added index were independent influencing factors for moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. A nomogram prediction model was constructed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.814 and 0.743 for internal and external validation, respectively. The calibration curve showed that the model predicted moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis better, and the decision curve analysis curve showed that the model had a high clinical benefit.

Conclusion This risk prediction model can predict moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer, and help clinical providers screen high-risk patients and reduce acute radiation dermatitis severity.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2024

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians, rounded up by Mark Greener
Career profile
Authors: Steele Mandy
Published: October 2024

Mandy Steele, Clinical Quality and Patient Safety Lead, NHS Cambridgeshire and Peterborough ICB
Emerging Diagnostic Methods Using Paper-based Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Parimala Gandhi Karuppannan  , D. Sudha  , K. Banupriya  , K. Karthik  , Revathi Arumugam
Published: October 2024

The development of paper-based electrochemical biosensors has brought about a paradigm shift in the diagnostics industry. These tools provide a portable, affordable, and easy-to-use platform for point-of-care (POC) testing. This has been transformed by the use of electrochemical detection techniques in paper-based analytical devices, which allow for the accurate and insightful assessment of a wide range of chemical analytes. These modified paper-based analytical gadgets have received significant recognition for their inherent benefits in the field of POC. Consequently, the sensitivity and practicality of electrochemical biosensors made of paper-based materials show great promise. They also have several other beneficial features, such as the ability to transport liquids independently, decreased resistance, low manufacturing costs, and environmental friendliness. This study examines the latest developments in paper-based electrochemical biosensing technologies and considers how they might be used in food safety, environmental monitoring, and in developing diagnostic techniques.
Optimization and Characteristics of Multimodal Binder on Polymer Nanocomposite for Lightweight Applications
Authors: S. Karthikeyan  , S. Manivannan  , R. Venkatesh  , S. Karthikeyan  , R. Anand  , S. V. Sasikaran
Published: October 2024

The process of selecting binders is complex because it requires finding a balance between improving material performance and reducing environmental impact. This involves challenges such as achieving nanoparticle dispersion, optimizing binder compatibility, and addressing environmental concerns. The main objective of this research on use the multimodal binder optimization characterization model (M-MBOCM) analysis to understand the intricate relationship between metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer matrices, and binders. These specialized nanocomposites have a wide range of potential applications. By intelligently selecting Scanning Characterization binders (SCB), industries can enhance material properties to meet specific requirements. This applies across various fields, from high-capacity energy storage devices to lightweight structural materials and smart sensors. This research involves analyzing metal oxide nanoparticle mage polymer nanocomposites with aqueous and nonaqueous binders in manganese dioxide-based cathodes (M-BC), hybrid supercapacitors (HS), and non-enzymatic glucose sensors (NEGS). The significance of M-BC in the present investigation results is based on advanced M-MBOCM and SCB techniques. The performance analysis ratio exceeds 95%, which is higher than the reported results for M-BC, HS, and NEGS. The scalability analysis ratio for M-MBOCM and SCM is observed to be higher than others, recorded at 93% and 88% respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential for enhanced nanocomposite materials in practical applications (lightweight) and drive their development.
BioRicinus Communis Seed Extract was Used in the Green Manufacture of Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles for Photocatalyst Elimination of Chromium
Authors: Natrayan Lakshmaiya
Published: October 2024

Zero-valent iron was produced in this work utilising BioRicinus communis seed extract. XRD, SEM, and TEM methods were used to characterise the physicochemical characteristics of the finished products. According to TEM analysis, the iron zero-valent nanomaterials with diameters ranging from 20 to 40 nm and shell-core architectures were successfully produced. XRD findings verified the existence of several organic compounds. The photoactivity of the product was investigated by reducing the contaminant. According to the test result, the inclusion of fruit extract as a nanoscale catalyst in the photocatalyst reduced the hexavalent chromium. According to photocatalyst results, when the particulate dose was 0.675 g/L, the trivalent chromium suffered from low was 100%. A pseudo-second-order solution describes this reaction's kinetics. At pH 3 and 0.5 g/L seed extract concentration, the kinetic rate constant is 0.4. As a result, the frequency of the photocatalyst was significantly increased, and a more significant amount of Cr (VI) was eliminated. The accessible sites became progressively constrained and overloaded with bichromate particles as the starting content of Cr (VI) was increased at a consistent dose. Changing the nanoparticle dosage may considerably boost the reaction rate, hence the effectiveness of a photocatalyst's Cr (VI) catalytic cycle.
Optimizing the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Flax/Sisal with SiO2 Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: M. Vanitha Lakshmi  , G. Aloy Anuja Mary  , I. Chandra  , E. Sivanantham  , N. Bharatha Devi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the impact of fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural strengths of composites composed of Flax and sisal fibers, particularly at orientations of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Furthermore, the research sought to determine the most effective parameters for the treatment process. The researchers utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with Central Composite Designs (CCD) to develop and analyze their studies. The main objective was to enhance crucial variables such as fiber alignment and the proportions of flax and sisal fibers. Quadratic models were employed in this study to forecast the tensile and bending characteristics of the materials. The best tensile strength (TS) was reached by meticulously experimenting with the fiber orientation and altering the amounts of flax and sisal fibers. The most effective parameter was a fiber orientation of 0 degrees, with a combination of flax and sisal fibers at a concentration of 60 percent each. Under these circumstances, the composite exhibited a significant improvement of 35% in tensile strength and 26% in bending strength when compared to the lowest values achieved with RSM optimization. The notable enhancements demonstrate that aligning the fibers can effectively increase the tensile and flexural strength (FS) and strengthen the bonding between natural fibers and polymer matrix structures.
Enhancing Surface Quality and Tool Longevity in EDM of D2 Steel Using Copper Composite Tools
Authors: Navuluri Padma Sravya  , R. Manimegalai  , R. Rajeswari  , M. Gowtham  , R. S. Achsah  , S. Naveen
Published: October 2024

Hard material machining and die manufacture are the main applications for electrical discharge machining (EDM). For EDM, conventional electrode materials include graphite, steel, brass, pure copper, and alloys based on copper. Unfortunately, excessive tool wear is a common problem with these materials, which raises the cost of machining. In this investigation, hardened D2 steel was machined using a composite tool made of 90% copper and 10% silicon carbide. The powder metallurgy method was used to create the composite tool. Surface roughness (SR) and electrode wear rate (EWR) were compared to a number of process variables. For experimentation, a response surface methodology based on CCD design in design of experts software was used. SR and electrode wear rate models were created using the CCD approach. Utilizing analysis of variance, the most important factors and their effects on EWR and SR were determined. The lowest tool wear rate of 0.39 gm/min is achieved with a current of 5 Amps, a pulse duration of 100 µs, and a pulse interval of 10 µs with an R2 of 0.9957, which accounts for 99.57% of the variability, the tool wear rate model fits the data very well and obtained lowest surface roughness of 2.8 µm.
Integral and Surface Treatment Method of Waterproofing: A Review and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Aniket Bansal  , Balwinder Lallotra  , Aman Sehgal
Published: October 2024

Water seepage into concrete can cause deterioration and other aesthetic issues that limit the life of concrete constructions. This paper examines and contrasts the various kinds of waterproofing techniques. There are essentially two types: surface treatment method and integral method. Water repellents, crystalline admixtures, and densifiers are examples of integral methods. Surface treatment methods encompass pore-blocking, hydrophobic impregnation, surface coating, and multifunctional surface treatment. The processes of various approaches are examined in this article, followed by a comparison of their durability and mechanical properties. We discuss several properties, such as sulfate attack, chloride penetration, carbonation, reinforcement corrosion, water absorption and permeability, compressive, flexural, and tensile strength. The findings indicate that each has merits and demerits of their own. The inclusion of an integral admixture to concrete offers a number of advantages over surface protection, including convenience of application, the removal of the need for ongoing maintenance, and minimal to no deterioration over time. While surface treatment methods significantly reduce water permeability and porosity. In conclusion, we give a succinct summary of certain issues regarding the present state of research and future directions for the hydrophobic modification of concrete.
Influences of hybrid fiber on functional and drilling characteristics study of polymer hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: N. Lenin Rakesh  , K. Selvakumar  , V. Mohanavel
Published: October 2024

The severe environmental pollution related to the manufacturing, recycling and disposal of metal-based and synthetic fiber-based composites has a major impact on human and animal life.  A wide range of studies are conducted on alternative materials in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Various industries are focusing on using natural fibers from banana, jute, coir, hemp, pineapple, areca, kenaf, Sterculia foetida and Delonix regia that are the key sources of different components for developing nanocomposites. Drilling is a vital factor in the assembly process of composites. The amorphous structure of the natural fibers causes the formation of cracks at the entry and exit sides of the drilled hole. So, in the present work a nanocomposite was synthesized and optimized the machining parameters, which affect the surface finish of the hole at the entry, exit and inner surface of the drilled hole. The effect of the hybridization of glass fiber with the pineapple leaf fiber and areca fiber was studied in terms of tensile properties, delamination around the hole and surface roughness. The microstructure of the holes was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Experimental investigation of Camellia Sinensis Dust Filler on the Vachellia Nilotica Blended Hybrid Epoxy Composites: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Viscoelastic, and Dielectric Behavior
Authors: D. Rama Devi  , B. Saritha
Published: October 2024

This research work presents the influence of Camellia sinensis dust powder on the mechanical, dynamic, and dielectric properties of the hybrid epoxy composites containing Vachellia Nilotica (VN). The hand layup method was used to make the composite specimens at different volume fractions of the Camellia sinensis dust used as a particle filler (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 v/v%). The Vachellia Nilotica content was kept at 15 v/v%. The hybrid composites' mechanical, viscoelastic, and dielectric strengths were investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the composite with 9 v/v% Camellia sinensis dust has superior mechanical and dielectric properties when compared to other volume percentages. The epoxy composite with the highest glass transition temperature and storage modulus also contained 9 v/v% filler. The inclusion of Camellia sinensis dust in the Vachellia Nilotica incorporated hybrid exposed had improved the thermal stability of the composite, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the dielectric test demonstrated that the addition of the Camellia sinensis dust filler strengthened the dielectric strength of the composite. The structural morphology of the composite's tensile fracture was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipment to investigate the interaction between the epoxy matrix and the fillers in the hybrid composites.
Key Principles for Liturgical Catechesis of Children
Authors: Tebartz-Van Elst Franz-Peter
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Aesthetic forms and a mystagogical approach are necessary for liturgical catechesis of children in a post-Christian, secular society. Since the earliest times of the Church, catechesis occurred gradually, in various phases and stages. The theologian Joseph Ratzinger reflected upon the gradual steps in liturgical catechesis sixty-five years ago. As families become more dispersed, a new sense of intergenerational relations and narration must develop; the church, as a family, must shift how it orients towards God, especially in the liturgical catechesis of children. Using art, music, and liturgical gestures pedagogically allows children to understand and gain a deeper sense of symbols. Focusing on key elements of catechesis is a way for children to gradually build up their knowledge, with family culture assisting in forming faith. As the children develop, they will gain a deeper sense of identity and faith as they contemplate, most especially in silence, what they have learned. This identity with a faith tradition and the Church allows children to awaken and mature. This process must address the differentiation between primary, universal symbols and secondary symbols drawn from the tradition. Complementarily, as identity is reflected upon and experienced in faith, this openness allows for a deeper understanding of the kerygma.
Fatherhood in Prayer: A Pastoral Strategy for Empowering Fathers to Exercise Their Baptismal Priesthood by Guiding Their Families in Interior Mental Prayer
Authors: Fortunato Anthony S.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The lack of paternal involvement in the spiritual development of families in the United States is a pressing pastoral issue. Studies indicate low levels of religiosity among Catholic fathers. Insufficient catechesis focused on equipping fathers to guide their families in making spiritual progress may contribute to this issue. The Church calls for a renewed evangelization and catechization of fathers on their pivotal role in their families’ spiritual development. This pastoral strategy seeks to respond to this appeal by educating fathers on their distinctive role in the family according to psychological and sociological research, as well as the scriptural and theological foundations of their participation in Christ’s priestly office imparted through Baptism. It then presents interior mental prayer as an exercise of the baptismal priesthood by which father can guide their families to holiness. To inspire fathers to be involved in their families’ spiritual development, this strategy proposes five catechetical sessions to empower fathers to live out their baptismal priesthood by guiding their families to holiness through the practice of interior mental prayer. These five sessions include lectures, mystagogical reflections on The Order of Baptism for Children , group discussions, and practicum exercises in which fathers learn how to guide their families in different methods of mental prayer.
The Importance of Un Peacekeeping Mission Orientation and Personnel for Environmental Protection
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias
Published: October 2024

abstract: UN peacekeeping is increasingly linked to social and economic outcomes other than the provision of security or peace. Peacekeepers can also be associated with improvements in environmental protection. The research discussed here advances theoretical arguments on peacekeepers’ orientation and personnel composition to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between peacekeepers and the environment. Through mandates or direct action on the ground, peacekeeping missions can have a green orientation that likely strengthens their commitment to environmental protection. Moreover, civilian personnel can help to develop the state capacity that is necessary to implement and enforce environmental regulations. The author analyzes peacekeeping deployments in post–Cold War Africa and uses fixed effects models and matching. The empirical analysis provides evidence that environmental mission orientation and more civilian personnel, than uniformed personnel, correlate with better local water quality. This research contributes to our knowledge on peacekeeping operations, and it adds to the literature on environmental politics and security studies.
Imaging system high dynamic range colorimetric calibration method based on a digital chain
Authors: Lv Lvming , Wu Tong , Wang Zhiyi , Huang Zhijie , Bai Chunze , Xie Xufen
Published: October 2024

Research on high dynamic range (HDR) color management imposes critical requirements on calibration methods between imaging systems and standard radiation. This paper proposes a colorimetric calibration method based on digital chain measurement for imaging systems. First, a HDR colorimetric calibration process model for imaging systems is constructed based on an imaging chain. It includes a light source, target reflectance, optical system parameters, spectral sensitivities, and color matching functions. Subsequently, visual tristimulus values and three-channel response values of an imaging system are obtained using the proposed model in response to the same target, and the target characteristic parameters are adjusted to simulate different HDR imaging scenarios. Following that, various regression algorithms can be employed for HDR colorimetric calibration of imaging systems. The experimental findings demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper boasts a broader dynamic range and denser sampling, thereby enhancing the accuracy of colorimetric characterization models and achieving superior resolution in color measurement.
Low noise 3 × 3 coupler demodulation scheme based on spectral subtraction with multi-window minimum statistical noise estimation
Authors: Xia Qiliang , Wu Xuqiang , Liu Xiaopeng , Zhang Jihao , Zhou Wen , Wang Tengfei , Shi Jinhui , Luo Jiatong , Yu Benli
Published: October 2024

To reduce the noise floor in interferometric fiber-optic sensing systems based on 3 × 3 coupler demodulation, this paper proposes spectral subtraction based on multi-window minimum statistical noise estimation to process the two interference signals. This method estimates the noise spectrum of three types of windowed signals, averages these estimation results, and subtracts them from the signal, effectively removing noise from the interfering signal before demodulation, thereby minimizing noise aliasing during demodulation. Subsequently, the ellipse fitting algorithm and the arctangent algorithm are utilized to accomplish signal demodulation. The experimental results indicate that the system's noise floor is reduced by an average of 25 dB within the 0-5 kHz frequency range and achieves a maximum reduction of 30 dB to a level of 0.7 µrad/√Hz at 50 kHz. This scheme does not use additional optics devices, reducing the complexity and cost of the system, and thereby enhancing the feasibility of interferometric fiber optic sensing systems in various environments.
Tunable 30 GHz laser frequency comb for astronomical spectrograph characterization and calibration
Authors: Sekhar Pooja , Kate Kreider Molly , Fredrick Connor , Ninan Joe P. , Bender Chad F. , Terrien Ryan , Mahadevan Suvrath , Diddams Scott A.
Published: October 2024

The search for Earth-like exoplanets with the Doppler radial velocity
(RV) technique is an extremely challenging and multifaceted precision
spectroscopy problem. Currently, one of the limiting instrumental
factors in reaching the required long-term 10−10 level of
radial velocity precision is the defect-driven subpixel quantum
efficiency (QE) variations in the large-format detector arrays used by
precision echelle spectrographs. Tunable frequency comb calibration
sources that can fully map the point spread function (PSF) across a
spectrograph’s entire bandwidth are necessary for quantifying and
correcting these detector artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate a
combination of laser frequency and mode spacing control that allows
full and deterministic tunability of a 30 GHz electro-optic comb
together with its filter cavity. After supercontinuum generation, this
gives access to any optical frequency across 700–1300 nm. Our specific
implementation is intended for the comb deployed at the Habitable-Zone
Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph and its near-infrared Hawaii-2RG
array, but the techniques apply to all laser frequency combs (LFCs)
used for precision astronomical spectrograph calibration and other
applications that require broadband tuning.
Temporal dissipative soliton with controllable morphology in a time-delayed coupled optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Tian Huan , Zhang Lingjie , Lyu Weiqiang , Fu Zhenwei , Xu Ziwei , Su Li , Zeng Zhen , Li Heping , Zhang Zhiyao , Liu Yong
Published: October 2024

A temporal dissipative soliton (TDS) with controllable morphology is demonstrated in a time-delayed coupled optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) driven by two optical carriers with different wavelengths. The morphology of the TDS is controlled by the power difference between the two optical carriers and the delay difference induced by the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) in the OEO loop. When the delay difference is small, the OEO operates in a single-soliton state. With the increase of the wavelength interval between the two optical carriers, the delay difference becomes significant so that various compound TDS structures are observed, where the TDS interval is equal to the delay difference. The morphology of the compound TDSs can be switched between a pulsating TDS packet and a stable compound TDS structure by further tuning the power difference between the two optical carriers. This discovery not only facilitates the investigation of novel soliton dynamics but also provides a method for generating customized pulse waveforms.
Multi-cycle terahertz generation in lithium niobate wafer stacks via mid-infrared pumping
Authors: Ding Yufang , Hu Zhixuan , Gu Xingbin , Zheng LingBin , Ying Jianwei , Yuan Peng , Zhang Dongfang , Ma Jingui
Published: October 2024

Near-infrared laser-pumped optical rectification (OR) using quasi-phase matching (QPM) in lithium niobate (LN) is widely employed to generate multi-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses, which, however, suffer from low efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that mid-infrared pumping is an effective approach to increase the efficiency of multi-cycle THz generation. By using a 2.3-µm laser to pump a QPM macro-crystal composed of ten x-cut lithium niobate wafers, with their ferroelectric Z axis alternately rotated by π, a laser-to-THz conversion efficiency up to ∼0.4% has been achieved at room temperature, more than twice the efficiencies attained with near-infrared pumping. Electro-optic sampling reveals the generation of five-cycle THz pulses at 0.15 THz for 350-µm-thick wafers and 0.22 THz for 250-µm-thick wafers. Such mid-infrared laser-pumped OR in QPM wafer stacks provides an efficient, controllable, and scalable method for generating intense multi-cycle THz pulses suitable for diverse narrow-bandwidth applications.
Widespread regulation of the maternal transcriptome by Nanos in Drosophila
Authors: Marhabaie Mohammad , Wharton Tammy H. , Kim Sung Yun , Wharton Robin P.
Published: October 2024

The translational repressor Nanos (Nos) regulates a single target, maternal hunchback (hb) mRNA, to govern abdominal segmentation in the early Drosophila embryo. Nos is recruited to sites in the 3′ UTR of hb mRNA in collaboration with the sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Pumilio (Pum); on its own, Nos has no binding specificity. Nos is expressed at other stages of development, but very few mRNA targets that might mediate its action at these stages have been described. Nor has it been clear whether Nos is targeted to other mRNAs in concert with Pum or via other mechanisms. In this report, we identify mRNAs targeted by Nos via 2 approaches. First, we identify mRNAs depleted upon expression of a chimera bearing Nos fused to the nonsense mediated decay (NMD) factor Upf1. We find that, in addition to hb, Upf1-Nos depletes approximately 2,600 mRNAs from the maternal transcriptome in early embryos. Virtually all of these appear to be targeted in a canonical, hb-like manner in concert with Pum. In a second, more conventional approach, we identify mRNAs that are stabilized during the maternal zygotic transition (MZT) in embryos from nos- females. Most (86%) of the 1,185 mRNAs regulated by Nos are also targeted by Upf1-Nos, validating use of the chimera. Previous work has shown that 60% of the maternal transcriptome is degraded in early embryos. We find that maternal mRNAs targeted by Upf1-Nos are hypoadenylated and inefficiently translated at the ovary–embryo transition; they are subsequently degraded in the early embryo, accounting for 59% of all destabilized maternal mRNAs. We suggest that the late ovarian burst of Nos represses a large fraction of the maternal transcriptome, priming it for later degradation by other factors in the embryo.
Emergent order in epithelial sheets by interplay of cell divisions and cell fate regulation
Authors: Greulich Philip
Published: October 2024

The fate choices of stem cells between self-renewal and differentiation are often tightly regulated by juxtacrine (cell-cell contact) signalling. Here, we assess how the interplay between cell division, cell fate choices, and juxtacrine signalling can affect the macroscopic ordering of cell types in self-renewing epithelial sheets, by studying a simple spatial cell fate model with cells being arranged on a 2D lattice. We show in this model that if cells commit to their fate directly upon cell division, macroscopic patches of cells of the same type emerge, if at least a small proportion of divisions are symmetric, except if signalling interactions are laterally inhibiting. In contrast, if cells are first ‘licensed’ to differentiate, yet retaining the possibility to return to their naive state, macroscopic order only emerges if the signalling strength exceeds a critical threshold: if then the signalling interactions are laterally inducing, macroscopic patches emerge as well. Lateral inhibition, on the other hand, can in that case generate periodic patterns of alternating cell types (checkerboard pattern), yet only if the proportion of symmetric divisions is sufficiently low. These results can be understood theoretically by an analogy to phase transitions in spin systems known from statistical physics.
Dynamics of morphogen source formation in a growing tissue
Authors: Ho Richard D. J. G. , Kishi Kasumi , Majka Maciej , Kicheva Anna , Zagorski Marcin
Published: October 2024

A tight regulation of morphogen production is key for morphogen gradient formation and thereby for reproducible and organised organ development. Although many genetic interactions involved in the establishment of morphogen production domains are known, the biophysical mechanisms of morphogen source formation are poorly understood. Here we addressed this by focusing on the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the vertebrate neural tube. Shh is produced by the adjacently located notochord and by the floor plate of the neural tube. Using a data-constrained computational screen, we identified different possible mechanisms by which floor plate formation can occur, only one of which is consistent with experimental data. In this mechanism, the floor plate is established rapidly in response to Shh from the notochord and the dynamics of regulatory interactions within the neural tube. In this process, uniform activators and Shh-dependent repressors are key for establishing the floor plate size. Subsequently, the floor plate becomes insensitive to Shh and increases in size due to tissue growth, leading to scaling of the floor plate with neural tube size. In turn, this results in scaling of the Shh amplitude with tissue growth. Thus, this mechanism ensures a separation of time scales in floor plate formation, so that the floor plate domain becomes growth-dependent after an initial rapid establishment phase. Our study raises the possibility that the time scale separation between specification and growth might be a common strategy for scaling the morphogen gradient amplitude in growing organs. The model that we developed provides a new opportunity for quantitative studies of morphogen source formation in growing tissues.
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Experiences of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people living with non-communicable diseases in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Baatiema Leonard , Kunfah Sheba M. P. , Sanuade Olutobi A. , Allen Luke N. , Abimbola Seye , de-Graft Aikins Ama , Koram Kwadwo A. , Kruk Margaret E.
Published: October 2024

Following the development of a vaccine for COVID-19, the expectation was instantaneous widespread distribution and uptake to halt further spread, severe illness and deaths from the virus. However, studies show very low uptake, especially in resource-poor settings, and little is documented about the drivers of vaccine uptake in populations classified as high-risk. In this study, we explored access and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs) in Ghana. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was conducted among adults (>18 years) PLWNCDs stratified by sex, age, and type of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at the community level (non-users of the health service) and health facility levels. Purposive sampling was used to select eligible participants. Topic guides were used to facilitate the face-to-face in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The interviews and discussions were all digitally audio recorded. All transcripts and field notes were thematically analysed. Overall, 62 participants were recruited for this study. Family members, friends/peers, health workers and media were identified as the main sources of information for COVID-19 vaccines. Several barriers that mediated access to the COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana were reported including mistrust of vaccine efficacy and fears of vaccine side-effects, long distance to and waiting hours at vaccination centres, shortages of vaccines at vaccination centres and non-prioritization of NCD patients for the vaccine. To improve uptake, intensified education and sensitization, house-to-house vaccination, expansion of vaccination centers and increased supply of vaccines were recommended by participants. Compared to studies elsewhere, misinformation and disinformation were not major causes of vaccine hesitancy. If policymakers can improve community-based vaccine delivery, reduce queues and waiting times, prioritize PLWNCDs and other vulnerable groups, and improve sensitization and communication–our findings suggest there will be major improvements in COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Ghana.
Beyond coincidence: An investigation of the interplay between synchronicity awareness and the mindful state
Authors: Rosenstreich Eyal , Russo-Netzer Pninit , Icekson Tamar
Published: October 2024

The mindful state is commonly characterized by an elevated awareness of the present moment. An intriguing and rather widespread phenomenon that requires the attention to the present moment is Synchronicity Awareness. This phenomenon refers to the sense of a profound psychological connection between an internal event (e.g., thought, image, or dream) and external events. Whereas mindfulness and its underlying cognitive processes have been well documented, synchronicity awareness, despite its deep roots, has been scarcely examined empirically, and little is known about the cognitive mechanisms underlying it. The present study aimed to further validate the recently developed Synchronicity Awareness and Meaning Detection (SAMD) scale and explore its potential relationship with various mindfulness measures. To this end, 572 participants engaged in an online survey, incorporating the SAMD, Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire, Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale, Langer’s Mindfulness Scale, and Encoding Style Questionnaire. The results revealed that synchronicity awareness, meaning detection, and mindfulness are distinct constructs. A significant association between synchronicity and core facets of mindfulness was observed, indicating that participants with higher SAMD scores were more sensitive to inner sensations, more novelty-seeking, and engaged in their actions. Additionally, SAMD scores were linked to internal encoding style, suggesting a top-down processing of experiences. However, synchronicity was not associated with outwards-directed mindful awareness, suggesting that it might involve an intrinsic attentional process, influenced by internal cues. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and learning interest in the relationship between teaching style and math behavior engagement among junior high school students in China
Authors: Geng Qing , Amini Mansour , Binti Hashim Siti Nur Aafifah , Zhu Mengjun
Published: October 2024

Teacher guidance can positively impact students’ learning interest and mathematical behavior engagement. As a crucial part of classroom teaching, effective teaching styles play an indispensable role in middle school students’ mathematical behavior engagement. This study addresses the gap in understanding how different teaching styles influence junior high school students’ math behavior engagement in China, by examining the underexplored mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and learning interest in this relationship, which are critical yet often overlooked factors in fostering student engagement and improving educational outcomes in mathematics. Students from grades 7 to 9 in six middle schools in Jiangsu Province, China participated in the survey. The results indicate that: (1) academic self-efficacy mediates the relationship between effective teaching styles (humorous and lively style, rigorous and logical style, caring and sharing style) and mathematical behavior engagement among Chinese middle school students; (2) math learning interest mediates the relationship between effective teaching styles (humorous and lively style, rigorous and logical style, caring and sharing style, innovative and exploratory style) and mathematical behavior engagement among Chinese middle school students. Recommendations include encouraging teachers to adopt diverse teaching styles that foster both self-efficacy and interest.