bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essstörungen: Entwicklungspsychologische und entwicklungspsychopathologische Perspektive
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet Essstörungen unter entwicklungspsychologischer und entwicklungspsychopathologischer Perspektive. Körperbildstörungen, gestörtes Essverhalten und der Einfluss beider Eltern werden in den Kontext der normalen Mädchenentwicklung gestellt und insbesondere der Einfluss der Freundinnen und der neuen Medien herausgearbeitet. Bereits bei nicht essgestörten Jugendlichen fallen extremes Diätieren und ängstliche Körperkontrolle, aber auch elterliche problematische Kommunikationsstile und die oft schädlichen Interaktionen mit Gleichaltrigen auf. Die Grenze zu pathologischen Phänomenen ist entsprechend schwer zu ziehen. Hinzukommen hohe Komorbiditäten zwischen verschiedenen Essstörungen und mit internalisierenden und externalisierenden psychischen Störungen. Zeitgeschichtliche Phänomene wie die „holy anorexia“ der vergangenen Jahrhunderte und die gegenwärtig beobachtbare Zunahme an Essstörungen bei Jungen und der Wunsch, das Geschlecht zu verändern (Transgender) werden ebenso betrachtet wie kulturelle Einflüsse („Is fat beautiful?“). In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch der Frage nachgegangen, ob Essstörungen zugenommen haben und welchen Beitrag die neuen Medien dabei möglicherweise haben.
Novel SLC20A2 variant in a Japanese patient with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification-1 (IBGC1) associated with dopa-responsive parkinsonism
Authors: Ichikawa Yaeko , Tanaka Masaki , Kurita Eriko , Nakajima Masanori , Tanaka Masaki , Oishi Chizuko , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji , Chiba Atsuro
Published: September 2019

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification-1 (IBGC1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by calcification in the basal ganglia, which can manifest a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including parkinsonism. We herein describe a 64-year-old Japanese IBGC1 patient with bilateral basal ganglia calcification carrying a novel SLC20A2 variant (p.Val322Glufs*92). The patient also presented with dopa-responsive parkinsonism with decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the bilateral striatum and decreased cardiac 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine uptake.
Charge disproportionation and site-selective local magnetic moments in the post-perovskite-type Fe2O3 under ultra-high pressures
Authors: Leonov Ivan , Rozenberg Gregory Kh. , Abrikosov Igor A.
Published: September 2019

The archetypal 3d Mott insulator hematite, Fe2O3, is one of the basic oxide components playing an important role in mineralogy of Earth’s lower mantle. Its high pressure–temperature behavior, such as the electronic properties, equation of state, and phase stability is of fundamental importance for understanding the properties and evolution of the Earth’s interior. Here, we study the electronic structure, magnetic state, and lattice stability of Fe2O3 at ultra-high pressures using the density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT + DMFT) approach. In the vicinity of a Mott transition, Fe2O3 is found to exhibit a series of complex electronic, magnetic, and structural transformations. In particular, it makes a phase transition to a metal with a post-perovskite crystal structure and site-selective local moments upon compression above 75 GPa. We show that the site-selective phase transition is accompanied by a charge disproportionation of Fe ions, with Fe3±δ and δ ~ 0.05–0.09, implying a complex interplay between electronic correlations and the lattice. Our results suggest that site-selective local moments in Fe2O3 persist up to ultra-high pressures of ~200–250 GPa, i.e., sufficiently above the core–mantle boundary. The latter can have important consequences for understanding of the velocity and density anomalies in the Earth’s lower mantle.
Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 stability through dephosphorylation at T286
Authors: Goshima Takahiro , Habara Makoto , Maeda Keisuke , Hanaki Shunsuke , Kato Yoichi , Shimada Midori
Published: September 2019

The Calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenic and metastatic properties in breast cancer. The molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of calcineurin inhibition, however, is poorly understood. We found that calcineurin inhibition delayed cell cycle progression at G1/S, and promoted cyclin D1 degradation by inhibiting dephosphorylation at T286. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin D1 partially rescued delayed G1/S progression, thereby revealing cyclin D1 as a key factor downstream of calcineurin inhibition. Cyclin D1 upregulation is observed in human invasive breast cancers, and our findings indicate that dysregulation of T286 phosphorylation could play a role in this phenomenon. We therefore propose that targeting site specific phosphorylation of cyclin D1 could be a potential strategy for clinical intervention of invasive breast cancer.
Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein regulates cytokinesis by protecting phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate from metabolism in the cleavage furrow
Authors: Asano Satoshi , Ikura Yasuka , Nishimoto Mitsuki , Yamawaki Yosuke , Hamao Kozue , Kamijo Keiju , Hirata Masato , Kanematsu Takashi
Published: September 2019

Cytokinesis is initiated by the formation and ingression of the cleavage furrow. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] accumulation followed by RhoA translocation to the cleavage furrow are prerequisites for cytokinesis progression. Here, we investigated whether phospholipase C (PLC)-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), a metabolic modulator of PI(4,5)P2, regulates PI(4,5)P2-mediated cytokinesis. We found that PRIP localised to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Moreover, HeLa cells with silenced PRIP displayed abnormal cytokinesis. Importantly, PI(4,5)P2 accumulation at the cleavage furrow, as well as the localisation of RhoA and phospho-myosin II regulatory light chain to the cleavage furrow, were reduced in PRIP-silenced cells. The overexpression of oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe-1 (OCRL1), a phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatase, in cells decreased PI(4,5)P2 levels during early cytokinesis and resulted in cytokinesis abnormalities. However, these abnormal cytokinesis phenotypes were ameliorated by the co-expression of PRIP but not by co-expression of a PI(4,5)P2-unbound PRIP mutant. Collectively, our results indicate that PRIP is a component at the cleavage furrow that maintains PI(4,5)P2 metabolism and regulates RhoA-dependent progression of cytokinesis. Thus, we propose that PRIP regulates phosphoinositide metabolism correctively and mediates normal cytokinesis progression.
CDAP: An Online Package for Evaluation of Complex Detection Methods
Authors: A. Maddi Ali M. , Ahmadi Moughari Fatemeh , Balouchi Mohammad Mehdi , Eslahchi Changiz
Published: September 2019

Methods for detecting protein complexes from protein-protein interaction networks are of the most critical computational approaches. Numerous methods have been proposed in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate them. Various metrics have been proposed in order to compare these methods. Nevertheless, it is essential to define new metrics that evaluate methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, there is no tool for the comprehensive comparison of such methods. In this paper, a new criterion is introduced that can fully evaluate protein complex detection algorithms. We introduce CDAP (Complex Detection Analyzer Package); an online package for comparing protein complex detection methods. CDAP can quickly rank the performance of methods based on previously defined as well as newly introduced criteria in various settings (4 PPI datasets and 3 gold standards). It has the capability of integrating various methods and apply several filterings on the results. CDAP can be easily extended to include new datasets, gold standards, and methods. Furthermore, the user can compare the results of a custom method with the results of existing methods. Thus, the authors of future papers can use CDAP for comparing their method with the previous ones. A case study is done on YGR198W, a well-known protein, and the detected clusters are compared to the known complexes of this protein.
Investigating reproductive success of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis from the perspective of micropyle variation
Authors: Sun Yuan-Xing , Hao Ya-Nan , Liu Chang-Zhong , Wang Sen-Shan
Published: September 2019

Micropyles in insects are small openings that allow sperm entry into, and the number was usually decreased on unfertilized and (or) undeveloped eggs. However, reports showed that Harmonia axyridis, a reproductive success model, deposited similar number of micropyles on undeveloped and developing eggs. Thus, it was confusing whether micropyles in H. axyridis were unaffected. To solve this confusion, two experiments were conducted here. Firstly, virgin female and four different days delayed mating (DDM) experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of fertilization stimulus and delayed-fertilization. Secondly, intercrosses between a light-colored mutant (HAM, an adaptive deficiency) and wild type (HAW) were conducted to further reveal whether there were female and male interactions. We found that (1) eggs produced by virgin and DDM females had significantly less micropyles than control. Even so, more than 18 micropyles were observed on eggs following fertilization and, consequently, egg production as well as hatch rate was not negatively affected by mating delay; (2) number of micropyles was significantly varied among the four reciprocal crosses and virgin HAW female. Specifically, the heterozygous eggs (Cross-D) and wild-type homozygous eggs (Cross-B) respectively had the least and maximum micropyles, and eggs from virgin HAW female had significantly less micropyles compared to those from HAW female (Cross-B or Cross-C), but the number was significantly higher than those from HAM female (Cross-A or Cross-D). These results informed us that the number of micropyles in H. axyridis is plastic but maintaining a high-quantity that offers many benefits, which should contribute to its reproduction success.
Sex-specific up-regulation of lncRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Fallah Hamid , Azari Iman , Neishabouri Seyedeh Morvarid , Oskooei Vahid Kholghi , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Published: September 2019

Schizophrenia as a common disabling psychiatric disorder has been associated with dysregulation of several genes and pathways among them are those being regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Based on the acknowledged roles of lncRNAs in neurodevelopment, in the current study, we assessed expression of six lncRNAs namely HOXA-AS2, Linc-ROR, MALAT1, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 in peripheral blood of 60 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy subjects. HOXA-AS2, Linc-ROR, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 levels were significantly higher in total patients compared with total controls. However, when evaluating expression of genes in sex-based subgroups, the differences in the expression of these lncRNAs were significant only among females. Assessment of partial correlation between expression of lncRNAs and age of study participants after controlling the effect of sex, revealed significant correlations for HOXA-AS2, MALAT1 and UCA1 in both patients and controls. Besides, expressions of Linc-ROR and SPRY4-IT1 were correlated with age only in patients. Significant pairwise correlations were recognized between expression levels of lncRNAs in both patients with schizophrenia and controls. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, SPRY4-IT1 had the best performance in differentiation of female patients with schizophrenia from female controls (AUC = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Combination of Linc-ROR, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 expression levels could differentiate female patients with 95.2% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity and diagnostic power of 0.88 (P < 0.0001). The current study suggests the presence of a sex-based dysregulation of lncRNAs in patients with schizophrenia and their possible application as diagnostic biomarkers.
DMF/NaOH/H2O: a metal-free system for efficient and chemoselective reduction of α-ketoamides
Authors: Ye Rongcong , Hao Feiyue , Liu Guyue , Zuo Qingsong , Deng Lijun , Jin Zhengneng , Wu Jiashou
Published: September 2019

A metal-free method for efficient and chemoselective reduction of α-ketoamides using DMF/NaOH/H2O system has been developed.
Efficient construction of pyrrolo[1′,2′:1,2]azocino[4,5-c]quinolines via cascade cycloaddition and annulation reaction
Authors: Wu Wen-Tao , Han Ying , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: September 2019

Novel polysubstituted pyrrolo[1′,2′:1,2]azocino[4,5-c]quinolines were efficiently synthesized by a three-component reaction in refluxing methanol and a sequential domino annulation in refluxing acetonitrile.
Functional molecule guided evolution of MnOx nanostructure patterns on N-graphene and their oxygen reduction activity
Authors: Behera Nibedita , Mantry Swarna P. , Mohapatra Biswaranjan D. , Behera Rajesh K. , Varadwaj Kumar S. K.
Published: September 2019

In this work, we systematically followed the growth of MnOx nanostructures on trimesic acid (TMA)/benzoic acid (BA) functionalised nitrogen doped graphene (NG) and studied their electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Tandem grinding reactions involving aldol condensation and Michael addition in sequence for synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles
Authors: Hu Xiao-Mu , Dong Hai , Li Yue-Dan , Huang Ping , Tian Zhuang , Wang Ping-An
Published: September 2019

3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles were prepared, using a tandem grinding strategy, from aromatic aldehydes, 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole and activated methylene compounds in the presence of pyrrolidine and Et3N with high yields and efficiency.
An erythrocyte membrane coated mimetic nano-platform for chemo-phototherapy and multimodal imaging
Authors: Xiao Feng , Fan Jialong , Tong Chunyi , Xiao Chang , Wang Zhou , Liu Bin , Daniyal Muhammad , Wang Wei
Published: September 2019

The tumor variability and low efficiency associated with conventional chemical drugs provide an impetus to develop drug-carrying systems with targeted accumulation and controllable release behavior.
Influence of high hydrostatic pressure on solid supported DPPC bilayers with hyaluronan in the presence of Ca2+ions
Authors: Zander Thomas , Wieland D. C. Florian , Raj Akanksha , Salmen Paul , Dogan Susanne , Dėdinaitė Andra , Garamus Vasil M. , Schreyer Andreas , Claesson Per M. , Willumeit-Römer Regine
Published: September 2019

The adsorption of hyaluronan to lipid bilayers is increased by the presence calcium ions along with the systems stability against pressure. A decoupling of the upper and lower leaflet of lipid bilayers under pressure is observed.
Unique holey graphene/carbon dots frameworks by microwave-initiated chain reduction for high-performance compressible supercapacitors and reusable oil/water separation
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Jin Jie , Wu Yiyang , Zhang Wenyi , Jiang Hao , Li Xingwei , Wang Gengchao
Published: September 2019

The proposed microwave initiated chain reduction technique achieves the integration of intrinsic modification and self-supporting structure construction of graphene.
Structural transitions and encapsulation selectivity of thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte complex micelles
Authors: Shah Sachit , Leon Lorraine
Published: September 2019

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles containing thermoresponsive coronas can exhibit varying morphologies and encapsulate multivalently charged therapeutics for drug delivery applications.
A magnetically modified black phosphorus nanosheet-based heparin delivery platform for preventing DVT accurately
Authors: Ouyang Huan , Zheng Zhuli , Chen Yutong , Liu Yu , Hong Can , Zhu Yanglong , Deng Jianjian , Ding Xingwei , Zhou Weimin , Wang Xiaolei
Published: September 2019

A new heparin targeting delivery platform was developed based on iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs).
Recent advances in green fabrication of luminescent solar concentrators using nontoxic quantum dots as fluorophores
Authors: Li Zhilin , Zhao Xiujian , Huang Chaobo , Gong Xiao
Published: September 2019

The recent progress in fabricating luminescent solar concentrators using green quantum dots was summarized.
On the importance of reaction networks for synthetic living systems
Authors: Maguire Oliver R. , Huck Wilhelm T.S.
Published: September 2019

The goal of creating a synthetic cell necessitates the development of reaction networks which will underlie all of its behaviours. Recent developments in in vitro systems, based upon both DNA and enzymes, have created networks capable of a range of behaviours e.g. information processing, adaptation and diffusive signalling. These networks are based upon reaction motifs that when combined together produce more complex behaviour. We highlight why it is inevitable that networks, based on enzymes or enzyme-like catalysts, will be required for the construction of a synthetic cell. We outline several of the challenges, including (a) timing, (b) regulation and (c) energy distribution, that must be overcome in order to transition from the simple networks we have today to much more complex networks capable of a variety of behaviours and which could find application one day within a synthetic cell.
Enzyme alchemy: cell-free synthetic biochemistry for natural products
Authors: Moore Simon J.
Published: September 2019

Cell-free synthetic biochemistry aims to engineer chemical biology by exploiting biosynthetic dexterity outside of the constraints of a living cell. One particular use is for making natural products, where cell-free systems have initially demonstrated feasibility in the biosynthesis of a range of complex natural products classes. This has shown key advantages over total synthesis, such as increased yield, enhanced regioselectivity, use of reduced temperatures and less reaction steps. Uniquely, cell-free synthetic biochemistry represents a new area that seeks to advance upon these efforts and is particularly useful for defining novel synthetic pathways to replace natural routes and optimising the production of complex natural product targets from low-cost precursors. Key challenges and opportunities will include finding solutions to scaled-up cell-free biosynthesis, as well as the targeting of high value and toxic natural products that remain challenging to make either through whole-cell biotransformation platforms or total synthesis routes. Although underexplored, cell-free synthetic biochemistry could also be used to develop ‘non-natural’ natural products or so-called xenobiotics for novel antibiotics and drugs, which can be difficult to engineer directly within a living cell.
The MultiBac system: a perspective
Authors: Berger Imre , Tölzer Christine , Gupta Kapil
Published: September 2019

Baculovirus expression is a time-tested technique to produce proteins in insect cells, in high quality and quantity for a range of applications. MultiBac is a baculovirus expression system we developed originally for producing multiprotein complexes comprising many subunits, for structural and mechanistic studies. First introduced in 2004, MultiBac is now in use in many laboratories worldwide, accelerating research programmes in academia and industry. We have continuously optimized our MultiBac system, providing customized reagents and standard operating protocols to facilitate its use also by non-specialists. More recently, we have generated MultiBac genomes tailored for specific purposes, for example, to produce humanized glycoproteins, high-value pharmaceutical targets including kinases, viral polymerases, and virus-like particles (VLPs) as promising vaccine candidates. By altering the host tropism of the baculovirion, we created MultiBacMam, a heterologous DNA delivery toolkit to target mammalian cells, tissues and organisms. Introducing CRISPR/Cas modalities, we set the stage for large-scale genomic engineering applications utilizing this high-capacity DNA delivery tool. Exploiting synthetic biology approaches and bottom-up design, we engage in optimizing the properties of our baculoviral genome, also to improve manufacturing at scale. Here we provide a perspective of our MultiBac system and its developments, past, present and future.
A Comparison of Visual- and Movement-Based Grammar Interventions for School-Age Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Springle Alisha P. , Hester Peggy P.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The impact of visual- and movement-specific intervention techniques for developing grammatical morphemes in the spoken language of two 6-year-old female children with language impairment was measured.

Method

An adapted alternating treatment single-subject study examined the grammar outcomes from the use of Shape Coding (i.e., using shapes, colors, and arrows to teach grammatical rules;
Ebbels, van der Lely, & Dockrell, 2007
) and an equivalent researcher-designed kinesthetic-/movement-based set of cues.

Results

Interventions were successfully provided by novice clinicians with limited training. Results indicated improvement across both students and were differentiated between students and intervention techniques.

Conclusion

These positive findings support the use of Shape Coding and movement-based interventions targeting language improvement. School-based clinicians should consider multiple modalities for therapeutic instruction with children with language impairment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9454127
Analysis of pricing mechanisms efficiency for modernization of thermal generationa
Authors: Solyanik Andrey
Published: September 2019

The article deals with pricing and investment consequences of using alternative ways to stimulate investment in thermal power plants (TPP) modernization. Calculations made with the use of our simulation-based financial model show that “pure” market mechanisms (such as the spot market and capacity market with marginal pricing) are not efficient enough in terms of keeping balance between robust investment signals and electricity prices produced. In this light, a flexible regulation of capacity market “price cap” is recommended, which should be derived from the assessment of the necessary revenue for operation and investment activity of thermal generation.
Surplus gas in Russia’s gas transmission network due to gas export suspension, and ways to cope with it
Authors: Senderov Sergey , Vorobev Sergey , Smirnova Elena
Published: September 2019

For technical, economic and political reasons the volumes of Russian pipeline gas export can be considerably reduced for relatively short periods of time. Such situations create unconsumed gas volumes in the gas transmission network of Russia, which can cause mal-function of the network. Here a problem arises of how to fast and optimally distribute the un-consumed gas to minimize various negative consequences. The paper presents a method for solving this problem. A focus is made on a model necessary to perform calculations within the proposed method. A situation of a short-term disruption of Russian gas delivery to European consumers through the territory of Ukraine is modelled, with an analysis of potential consequences and actions necessary to prevent them.
Obstacles to the formation of a common electricity market of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Gibadullin Arthur , Pulyaeva Valentina
Published: September 2019

The current state of the economy and society is influenced by the global integration processes taking place in Eurasia - the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, which should unite the markets for resources, goods and capital of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. One of the aspects of this process is the creation of a unified electricity market, which ensures free flow of electrical energy, free pricing and competition in the power industry. The purpose of this study is to study the degree of readiness of national energy systems for integration and to identify problems that impede the formation of the Common Electricity Market of the Eurasian Economic Union. The methods used were statistical analysis tools, a graphical method, comparisons and descriptions. The study was carried out on the basis of the use of information provided in the open access of the Eurasian Economic Union, national statistical services and energy companies. The authors have identified the main goals and objectives, as well as the requirements and expected results of the creation of the Common Electricity Market. As a result of the analysis of national power systems, a number of problems were identified that impede their convergence, including inconsistencies in the scale of production, various pricing mechanisms and electricity price regulation, differences in the energy balance of the Eurasian Economic Union member states, different levels of electricity prices, and a particular opinion Of the Republic of Belarus to the concept of market formation and the lack of unified borders of Armenia with other participating countries Union. The findings of the study indicate that by the stated date, namely July 1, 2019, the Common Electricity Market will most likely not be created for the reasons stated. To solve the identified problems, the authors propose several tools, one of the most important among them is the mechanism of regulatory and legal regulation of electricity markets at the national and supranational levels. Also, according to the authors, in the integration processes in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union should consider the world experience of such political and economic associations.
Evaluation of energy efficiency of the long distance energy transport systems for renewable energy
Authors: Popov S.P. , Baldynov O.A.
Published: September 2019

This article describes the systems of long-distance transport of energy from renewable energy sources. A comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of energy complexes in the transport of energy analysis is performed carriers such as electricity and hydrogen in a liquefied and chemically bound state.
Generation adequacy of electric power systems in market price setting
Authors: Aizenberg Natalia , Perzhabinsky Sergey
Published: September 2019

We propose the new model of generation adequacy optimization. Optimization criterion is a maximum of social welfare. Social welfare consists of profits of generating companies, consumer surplus, costs for development and servicing of electrical grids. In the article we present a review of existed methods of adequacy level management in liberalized electric power systems. Optimization of adequacy level is based on analysis of variants of development of the electric power system. For adequacy analysis of the variants of development we multiple estimate the electricity shortage in random hours of the system work. Analysis of the system work in every random hour is realized in two stages. At first we define values of equilibrium electricity demand in every system node and equilibrium price of electricity according to Cournot model. We consider only electricity market in the model. At the next stage we simulate failures of power generating equipment and transmission lines. The electricity shortage in a current hour is estimated on the second stage. After a whole cycle of analysis, we compute reliability indexes and profits of generating companies. Profits of generating companies are depended on the reliability of the electricity supply. The simulations of random values are based on Monte Carlo method.
Power quality in high voltage mains supplying mainline railroads’ traction substations
Authors: Bulatov Yu.N. , Kryukov A.V. , Cherepanov A.V.
Published: September 2019

The increase in the trains weight and their operation speeds leads to considerable growth of abrupt-variable, non-linear and one-phase traction loads. This, in its own turn, leads to significant deviations, unsymmetry and voltage harmonic distortions in 110-220 kV mains adjacent to traction substations of AC railroads. Significant deterioration in power quality factors is observed in Siberian and Far East regions where 110-220 kV main power transmission lines are immediately adjacent to Transsib traction substations; in this case, in points with lower levels of short circuit power, power quality factors exceed by far the permissible levels. The articles provides the results of studies aimed at solution of power quality enhancement is-sues for mains adjacent to traction substations of Trans-Siberian Railway. To enhance power quality in mains supplying traction substations, smart grid technologies can be used together with multiagent control systems. Technical solutions, based on the results obtained, are proposed that allow to bring the power quality factors to the regulatory values. Due to a big investments amount, an implementation of tar-get program is needed to resolve the large-scale issue of enhancing power quality in mains adjacent to traction substations of AC railroads.
Geothermal energy for heating
Authors: Zimnukhova Darya , Zubkova Galina , Kamchatova Ekaterina
Published: September 2019

This study examines issues related to the use of modern renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly minerals for the production of heat and electricity. The paper presents the principle of operation of a modern geothermal plant, which produces thermal energy for heating, in addition, an analysis of the costs of implementing projects in the field of heating with geothermal energy is carried out and presents the advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal energy. The work conducted domestic and foreign experience of using geothermal heating systems, which allowed the authors of the study to draw conclusions about the promise of introducing such technologies everywhere, due to which the electric power industry will reduce the burden on the consumption of organic fuels and increase the ecological and energy security of the regions. At the end of the work, the main conclusions on the results of the study were made.
Methodical approach to assessing the optimal development scale of distributed cogeneration in the UPS of Russia for the long-term
Authors: Pankrushina Tatiana , Khorshev Andrey
Published: September 2019

The original methodological approach to correct assessment of the prospects and the development scale of distributed cogeneration in the long-term forecasts of the electric power industry is proposed in the article. Required suggestions for modification of the modeling tools used for the LCOE-based screening analysis and capacity expansion planning are presented. The results of application of the proposed methodological approach, which show the significant potential for distributed cogeneration development in the UPS of Russia for different tariff groups of consumers, are given.
Southern Iraq gas station conversation to integrated solar combined cycle
Authors: Abass Ahmed. Z. , Pavlyuchenko D.A
Published: September 2019

Iraq has a big shortage in the electrical system and this is because of repeated wars that have destroyed the country’s economy and infrastructure. In order to improve the situation and progress of the country we see that the exploitation of huge and neglected land, where Iraq has a very featured site can make it a factory for the production of electric power through the exploitation of the vast areas as fields of cells and solar plants to produce electricity. Iraq is characterized by the number of sunny hours during the year and estimated more than 3300 hours. Also, the solar radiation in Iraq, which exceeds 2000 kWh/m2. Where the production of electricity enough to meet the needs of Iraq and neighboring countries. In this paper we will discuss the development of gas station in southern Iraq by taking advantage of the sun’s rays falling and recycling of combustion products from the gas station. The plant consists of 200MW conventional gas turbine plant and two steam turbines of 75MW and 65MW powered by the solar field and gas turbine exhaust. With high insolation during the summer month of June the plant can achieve up to 25% of solar fraction with Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) plant.
Integration of metal hydride devices with polymer electrolyte fuel cells and electrolyzers for stationary applications
Authors: Blinov Dmitry , Borzenko Vasily , Glagoleva Aliya , Kazakov Alexey
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the experimental results of the system integration of a fuel cell (FC), an electrolyzer and a metal hydride hydrogen storage and purification system. A pilot scale experimental power installation H2Smart with an electric power of 1 kW is developed, and the results of its operation in different regimes are presented. The problems of hydrogen desorption for the supply of FC and hydrogen sorption from the electrolyzer at the start are shown. Possible solutions of this problem are proposed.
Research possibility of application of non-destructive testing method based on the Barkhausen effect for the control of heat exchange equipment, exposed to im-pulse pressure
Authors: Potapov V.V. , Lopatin M.V. , Lopatina L.I. , Chebotnyagin L.M.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the issues of ensuring the reliability of operation and methods for evaluation of connections (tube attachment points in tube sheets) of heat exchangers used in various industries. It is estimated the applicability of the control method based on the Barkhausen effect to check the place of tube fastening in tube sheets. Installations are considered as heat exchangers in which the connection is derive pipe with tube sheets is obtained by using impulsed pressure sources.
Development of method for determination of the kinetics constants of coal char gasification in pore diffusion regimes
Authors: Remkunas Irina , Donskoy Igor , Kozlov Aleksandr
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we developed a method for determining the kinetic constants of partially diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reactions in a porous sample of powder. Studies have been conducted on the experimental data of thermogravimetric analysis of carbon conversion in a stream of CO2, using a new method of processing kinetic curves, to obtain updated values of the kinetic constants under conditions where widely used models are inappropriate. Data obtained can be used for a reliable assessment of the characteristics of the gasification process.
Short-term results (1 year) of vented versus solid polyetheretherketone anchors in treatment of rotator cuff tears
Authors: Sarmento Marco C. , Cartucho António E. , Monteiro Jacinto M.
Published: September 2019

Background: Due to the rotator cuff retear after being surgically repaired, some strategies have been developed. The authors verified that the possibility of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) vented anchors promoted a better clinical and healing process than PEEK solid anchors.

Methods: A prospective and randomized study was designed with 38 patients treated with PEEK anchors, 18 of whom with vented anchors and 20 with solid ones. Demographic, clinical and radiologic data were collected before and during surgery (time 0) and at 12 months of follow-up.

Results: In the final follow-up (12 months), there was no difference in the visual analogic scale (VAS) scale between groups (1.7 points vs 1.9 points;p = 0.731), neither in the DASH score (34.2 points vs 23.9 points;p = 0.268), nor in absolute Constant score (76.9 points vs 77.3 points;p = 0.910). In MRI, 10 patients had their cuff tear healed in the vented group and 15 in the solid group (p = 0.173).

Conclusion: The new designed vented anchors do not add any advantage when compared to solids ones, at least within the first year after surgery.
3-D-Druck in der Strahlentherapie – Technologie und Verwendung
Authors: Soltner Julia Christin
Published: September 2019

In der heutigen Zeit schreitet die Technik so rasant fort, dass es schwierig ist, alle Potenziale der neuen Technologie sofort zu erkennen. Eine mittlerweile weit verbreitete Technologie ist der 3-D-Druck. Dieser hat sich in den letzten Jahren enorm weiterentwickelt und etablierte sich somit auch in der Medizin. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den Prinzipien des 3-D-Drucks und zeigt einige Anwendungsbeispiele im Bereich der Strahlentherapie.
Tarifliche Vergütung in der MTRA-Ausbildung — Eine Herausforderung in der Umsetzung
Authors: Wirtz Michael
Published: September 2019

In Aachen hat die Ausbildung zu Medizinisch-Technischen Radiologieassistenten (MTRA) bereits eine lange Tradition. Die 2018 erzielte Tarifeinigung der Arbeitgeber- und Arbeitnehmervertretungen zog einige bedeutende Änderungen in der MTRA-Ausbildung mit sich. Inwiefern sich diese in der Praxis umsetzen lassen und auf welche Herausforderungen dabei eingegangen werden muss, zeigt die Aachener Lösung.
Maximum spreading of droplets impacting spherical surfaces
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Xuan , Min Jingchun
Published: September 2019

Experimental observations, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis are conducted to investigate the impacting dynamics of water droplets on spherical surfaces. A volume of fluid numerical model coupled with a dynamic contact angle model with consideration of the gravity effect is established and validated by comparing the evolutions of droplet profiles and spreading factors obtained from the simulations and the experiments in both the present work and literature. The effects of the Weber number, contact angle, and sphere-to-droplet diameter ratio (D*) on the droplet impacting on a spherical surface are further studied by numerically calculating the spreading factor and the spreading arc angle corresponding to the two-dimensional wetting arc at the maximum spreading state. The results indicate that both the maximum spreading factor and arc angle increase with increasing Weber number and reducing contact angle. When the sphere-to-droplet diameter ratio is reduced, the maximum spreading factor remains almost unchanged for D*≳10 but it shows a significant increase for D*<10. The maximum spreading arc angle keeps going up with reducing diameter ratio under all conditions even for D*≳10. As the Weber number increases and the contact angle decreases, the effect of the diameter ratio on the maximum spreading becomes more conspicuous. Based on the energy conservation, a theoretical model considering the gravity effect is developed to describe the maximum spreading factor of an impacting droplet on a spherical surface. The maximum spreading factors obtained from the theoretical model yield a deviation of ±15% as compared with those from the experiments and simulations.
Corrigendum to: The threats to Australia’s imperilled species and implications for a national conservation response
Authors: Kearney Stephen G. , Carwardine Josie , Reside April E. , Fisher Diana O. , Maron Martine , Doherty Tim S. , Legge Sarah , Silcock Jennifer , Woinarski John C. Z. , Garnett Stephen T. , Wintle Brendan A. , Watson James E. M.
Published: September 2019

Since European occupation of Australia, human activities have caused the dramatic decline and sometimes extinction of many of the continent's unique species. Here we provide a comprehensive review of threats to species listed as threatened under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Following accepted global categories of threat, we find that invasive species affect the largest number of listed species (1257 species, or 82% of all threatened species); ecosystem modifications (e.g. fire) (74% of listed species) and agricultural activity (57%) are also important. The ranking of threats was largely consistent across taxonomic groups and the degree of species' endangerment. These results were significantly different (P
Many human RNA viruses show extraordinarily stringent selective constraints on protein evolution
Authors: Lin Jinn-Jy , Bhattacharjee Maloyjo Joyraj , Yu Chun-Ping , Tseng Yan Yuan , Li Wen-Hsiung
Published: September 2019

Significance

The nonsynonymous substitutions (dN)-to-synonymous substitutions (dS) ratio in protein-coding genes is commonly used to study the mechanisms of gene evolution. To understand why RNA viruses show large variations indN/dS, we studied thedN/dSratios in 21 human RNA viruses, 8 human DNA viruses, and 17 mammals. Eighteen RNA viruses, but only 2 DNA viruses and no mammals, showed a genome-averagedN/dS< 0.10. Thus, many human RNA viruses exhibited extraordinarily stringent selective constraints on protein evolution. Our among-gene and among-species comparisons revealed that both positive selection and population size play significant roles in thedN/dSvariation among genes and species. This study clarified several controversial issues and increased our understanding of the mechanisms of RNA virus evolution.
Cooption of the pteridine biosynthesis pathway underlies the diversification of embryonic colors in water striders
Authors: Vargas-Lowman Aidamalia , Armisen David , Burguez Floriano Carla Fernanda , da Rocha Silva Cordeiro Isabelle , Viala Séverine , Bouchet Mathilde , Bernard Marie , Le Bouquin Augustin , Santos M. Emilia , Berlioz-Barbier Alexandra , Salvador Arnaud , Figueiredo Moreira Felipe Ferraz , Bonneton François , Khila Abderrahman
Published: September 2019

Naturalists have been fascinated for centuries by animal colors and color patterns. While widely studied at the adult stage, we know little about color patterns in the embryo. Here, we study a trait consisting of coloration that is specific to the embryo and absent from postembryonic stages in water striders (Gerromorpha). By combining developmental genetics with chemical and phylogenetic analyses across a broad sample of species, we uncovered the mechanisms underlying the emergence and diversification of embryonic colors in this group of insects. We show that the pteridine biosynthesis pathway, which ancestrally produces red pigment in the eyes, has been recruited during embryogenesis in various extraocular tissues including antennae and legs. In addition, we discovered that this cooption is common to all water striders and initially resulted in the production of yellow extraocular color. Subsequently, 6 lineages evolved bright red color and 2 lineages lost the color independently. Despite the high diversity in colors and color patterns, we show that the underlying biosynthesis pathway remained stable throughout the 200 million years of Gerromorpha evolutionary time. Finally, we identified erythropterin and xanthopterin as the pigments responsible for these colors in the embryo of various species. These findings demonstrate how traits can emerge through the activation of a biosynthesis pathway in new developmental contexts.
Molecular basis for retinol binding by serum amyloid A during infection
Authors: Hu Zehan , Bang Ye-Ji , Ruhn Kelly A. , Hooper Lora V.
Published: September 2019

Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are strongly induced in the liver by systemic infection and in the intestine by bacterial colonization. In infected mice, SAA proteins circulate in association with the vitamin A derivative retinol, suggesting that SAAs transport retinol during infection. Here we illuminate a structural basis for the retinol–SAA interaction. In the bloodstream of infected mice, most SAA is complexed with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, we found that the majority of the circulating retinol was associated with the small fraction of SAA proteins that circulate without binding to HDL, thus identifying free SAA as the predominant retinol-binding form in vivo. We then determined the crystal structure of retinol-bound mouse SAA3 at a resolution of 2.2 Å. Retinol-bound SAA3 formed a novel asymmetric trimeric assembly that was generated by the hydrophobic packing of the conserved amphipathic helices α1 and α3. This hydrophobic packing created a retinol-binding pocket in the center of the trimer, which was confirmed by mutagenesis studies. Together, these findings illuminate the molecular basis for retinol transport by SAA proteins during infection.
Ferrite recrystallisation and intercritical annealing of cold-rolled low alloy medium carbon steel
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad , Mirzadeh Hamed , Zamani Mehran
Published: September 2019

Static recrystallisation of cold-rolled AISI 4130 medium carbon steel in the ferritic regime and its response to intercritical annealing treatment are studied. A fine and recrystallised microstructure with improved mechanical properties is obtained via subcritical annealing of cold-rolled sheet, where the subsequent intercritical annealing results in the enhancement of tensile strength via the formation of dual-phase microstructure. Intercritical annealing of the cold-rolled sheet is characterised by an initial drop in hardness due to recrystallisation and subsequent rise in hardness as a result of austenitisation. It is revealed that continuous martensite phase can result in a higher deformation resistance. Finally, the effects of intercritical annealing at temperatures below pearlite dissolution finish temperature (Ac1f) are discussed.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Nb-alloyed Cu–Zr–Al–Ni large-sized metallic glass composites
Authors: Shao Ziyu , Zhang Aisheng , Wang Feng
Published: September 2019

The effects of Nb on the microstructures and mechanical properties of large-sized (Cu0.47Zr0.47Al0.06)99 −  xNi1Nb x ( x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2 at.-%) bulk metallic glass composites were investigated. It is verified that the liquidus temperature ( Tl) of the Nb-added alloys decreases to cause the increase of glass-forming ability (GFA). The addition of Nb adjusts the distribution and the volume fraction of B2-CuZr phase in the Cu–Zr–Al–Ni large-sized composites by changing the GFA of the alloys. The mechanical properties of the composites strongly depend on the volume fraction and distribution of B2-CuZr phase in the glassy matrix. The alloy with 0.5 at.-% Nb addition exhibits the high mechanical properties, which should be attributed to the uniform distribution and the proper volume fraction of B2-CuZr phase in the glassy matrix.
High-throughput sequencing reveals biofluid exosomal miRNAs associated with immunity in pigs
Authors: Zhang Jie , Luo Hui , Xiong Zibiao , Wan Kun , Liao Qinfeng , He Hang
Published: September 2019

Large numbers of miRNAs are found in biofluid exosomes. We isolated ~50–200 nm diameter exosomes from four types of porcine biofluid (urine, plasma, semen, and bile) using serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation procedures. A total of 42.15 M raw data were generated from four small RNA libraries. This produced 40.17 M map-able sequences, of which we identified 204 conserved miRNAs, and 190 novel candidate miRNAs. Furthermore, we identified 34 miRNAs specifically expressed in only one library, all with well-characterized immune-related functions. A set of five universally abundant miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7i-5p, and miR-99a-5p) across all four biofluids was also found. Function enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of the five ubiquitous miRNAs are primarily involved in immune and RNA metabolic processes. In summary, our findings suggest that porcine biofluid exosomes contain a large number of miRNAs, many of which may be crucial regulators of the immune system.
Changes in the phase composition depending on the sizes of Zr–based bulk alloys
Authors: Drozdenko A A , Matveev D V , Pershina E A , Aronin A S
Published: September 2019

The crystalline phases formed during quenching of Zr–based amorphizing alloy; depending on the sample, sizes and position in it, have been identified. The samples of amorphous, partially crystalline, and crystalline alloys have been obtained by levitation melting and quenching into a copper mould of variable diameter.