bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Family Environment and Parenting Style: A Preliminary Study of African American Families
Authors: Hill Nancy E.
Published: March 2007

The influence of parenting style on aspects of the family environment was addressed in a study of 174 9th graders, 11th graders, and collegefreshmen (96% Afri canAmerican). They completedBuri's ParentAuthority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Moos's Family Environment Scale (FES). Authoritarianism was positively correlated with control and negatively correlated with expressiveness and independence. Authoritativeness was positively correlated with cohesion, organization, achievement, and intellectual orientation. Authoritativeness was negatively associated with expressiveness. Permissiveness was negatively correlated with conflict and positively correlated with expressiveness. Responses on the FES were compared betweenparents and adolescents. On 7 of the 10 subscales, there were significant correlations between mothers and adolescents, whereas on only 1 subscale were fathers and adolescents significantly correlated. The implications of these descriptive findings of normative relations in African American families are discussed.
African Americans' Reactions to Diversity Programs: Does Procedural Justice Matter?
Authors: Richard Orlando C. , Kirby Susan L.
Published: March 2007

This experiment used an organizational justice approach to examine workforce diversity programs and their potential effects on attitudes of African American beneficiaries. Data were collected from 66 African American undergraduate students. Results reveal that the decision to hire beneficiaries through a diversity program justified using Cox andBlake 's marketing argumentyields more positive effects than nonjustified diversity programs, regardless of favorable outcomes produced. Beneficiaries are more concerned about adequate procedural justification for the decision to hire them under a workforce diversity program than the potential positive outcomes produced by such programs.
Culturally Relevant Reading Material as Related to Comprehension and Recall in African American Children
Authors: Bell Yvonne R. , Clark Tangela R.
Published: March 2007

This research examined the effects of racial imagery (Black and White characters) and cultural themes (African American and Euro-American) in reading content on comprehension and recall in African American children. The participants, consisting of 109 elementary school children attending a developmental research school in Tallahassee, Florida, listened to prerecorded stories while attending to an accompanying story manuscript. The participants were assigned to one of three treatment groups. Participants in Story Treatment Condition I listened to a story composed of Black characters and African Americans themes; participants in Story Treatment Condition II experienced a story with White characters and traditional/Euro-American themes; and participants in Story Treatment Condition III were exposed to a story with Black characters and traditional Euro-American themes. After the presentation of the story, participants were asked six questions designed to elicit their recall of the story's characters and events and their level of comprehension of the story. It was hypothesized that stories depicting Black characters would facilitate more efficient recall and comprehension than stories depicting White characters. The results provided support for this hypothesis regarding comprehension although the hypothesis pertaining to recall was not supported. Additionally, the data analysis revealed significantfindings in support of the hypothesis that the stories reflecting themes consistent with the sociocultural experiences of African Americans would have a facilitating effect on recall and comprehension in African American children. The findings are discussed as supportive of the facilitative effects of culturalfactors on reading in African American children.
Behavior and Emotional Problems of Clinic-Referred Children of the African Diaspora: A Cross-National Study of African American and Jamaican Children Ages 4 to 18
Authors: Lambert Michael Canute , Samms-Vaughan Maureen E. , Lyubansky Mikhail , Podolski Cheryl-Lynn , Hannah Stanley D. , McCaslin Shannon E. , Rowan George T.
Published: March 2007

Societal factors influence the types of problems children of African descent exhibit and the steps adults take to ameliorate them. Cross-national research on children of African descent living in different nations can identify the societal issues associated with problems these children present, but few specifically focus on children of African descent. This article addresses these issues by surveying presenting problems in clinic records of 2,078 children of African descent in the United States and Jamaica. Recorders coded and categorized problems according to eight Child Behavior Checklist syndromes and internalizing (e.g., shyness) and externalizing (e.g., fighting) problems. ANCOVAs revealed significantly more problems for African American than Jamaican youth but the converse was true for severe problems. The findings suggest the need for further studies that test whether lower parental thresholds, a U.S. society that encourages more family openness, widely available treatment services within the United States, and stress associated with minority group membership may cause African American parents to report more child problems than Jamaican parents.
Management Approaches Employed by Teachers to Deal with Children's Behaviour Problems in Nursery Classes
Authors: Papatheodorou Theodora
Published: March 2007

The study was undertaken in Greece to investigate the management approaches employed by nursery teachers to deal with children's behaviour problems. In particular, the extent, frequency of use and effectiveness of behavioural, cognitive and punitive approaches were investigated with regard to conduct, emotional and developmental related problems. A questionnaire was developed and applied to a female teacher sample of 154 selected from nursery schools located in three distinct regions of Greece. The questionnaire was completed for 280 children from a total pupil sample of 3,091.

The findings showed that teachers appear to mainly attend to and deal with conduct problems which cause greater disturbance in the classroom. However, emotional and developmentally related problems were also addressed revealing teachers' concerns about their pupils' well-being and development. Teachers seemed to mainly use positive ways in dealing with children's behaviour problems, but they did deliver punishments as well. Finally, the study indicated that teachers appear to be rather effect-oriented employing a variety of techniques of different theoretical orientation which have been perceived to be effective.
Students' Perceptions of Their Rights in Lithuania
Authors: Tereseviciene Margarita , Jonyniene Zivile
Published: March 2007

This article analyses young Lithuanian students' (aged 12-14) perceptions of the importance and existence of their rights at home and at school. The analysis includes a comparison of rights existence with rights importance, a comparison between the importance and existence of the various rights in both the home and school setting and a comparison between the findings in Lithuania with those for the composite of the other 20 countries participating in the cross-national research. The research revealed an exceptionally problematic situation for children's rights implementation in Lithuanian schools. Greatest discrepancies between rights' existence and importance in the school are reported by females and students of parents with high levels of education. The rights to self-determination, dissociation when one needs, freedom and respect for thoughts and opinions, protection from hurting one's feelings, living independently when one is ready were estimated by Lithuanian students as the most insufficiently realized for a child in the school. Respect for a child's personality, opinion and feelings and his/her autonomy are the main problems children experience in Lithuania and various other countries as well.
Environmental Events and Life Satisfaction Reports of Adolescents
Authors: Ash Chris , Huebner E. Scott
Published: March 2007

This study explored demographic, environmental and personality correlates of adolescents' positive life satisfaction reports. First, demographic variables did not relate to life satisfaction, except socioeconomic status. Second, the findings indicated that acute events and chronic life experiences, both positive and negative, were related significantly to life satisfaction. Third, locus of control attributions mediated the relationships between negative life events and chronic stressors and adolescent life satisfaction. The findings demonstrated the importance of integrative models of adolescent life satisfaction that reflect the interplay of both intrapersonal and environmental variables. The findings are discussed in the context of the promotion of positive psychological health among adolescents. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for cross-cultural studies.
Self Assessment Skills Used by High School Students without Formal Training
Authors: McDonald Betty
Published: March 2007

This study focuses on assessment from an internal source (self) before any formal training is given to the students. A random sample of 570 (227 males) from ten state-run high schools in Barbados, West Indies was selected. Survey instruments used for data collection included semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. The SPSS/ PC package was used for data analysis. Results showed leptokurtic, negatively skewed frequency distributions ofresponses for Achievement (Ac) and Understanding (Un) scales indicating a variation of emphases on self assessment techniques used without formal training. Principal component analysis in factor analysis showed that Ac, Un, Endurance (En) and to a lesser extent Autonomy (Au), contributed for approximately 35 percent of the total variance with Ac having the highest loading followed by Un (Ac: 0.77; Un: 0.71). Au with a small contribution from En (Au: 0.82; En: 0.16) contributed to 17 percent of the total variance. Au (0.30) contributed to 15 percent of the total variance. All components together accounted for 67 percent of the total variance. Ac and Un contributed for over 70 percent of the total variance. Ac contributed more than twice as much as Un (Ac: 48.42 percent, Un: 22.35 percent). Girls appeared to surpass boys in En and Un (En: Mean: Boys: 6.28, Girls: 6.50; Un: Mean: Boys: 6.68, Girls: 6.88) using data from independent t-tests performed on both groups of participants. Examples of self assessment activities included closing the eyes and trying to recall main points, asking someone to quiz on school work, answering past test papers, drawing diagrams, singing rhymes and songs about school work, etc.
The Influence of Teacher Personality on the Formation of Pupil Personality
Authors: Vopalensky Jan
Published: March 2007

The problem of the individual's socialization as a permanent complex process, during which exogenic factors (social, political, cultural-ideological) become part of hierarchically arranged regulating systems of personality, is a relatively frequent subject of psychological research. Personality, intellectual, emotional and social development in relationship to various socialization factors have been intensively studied over the past 50 years. There is hardly a problem that has been disregarded. However, in spite of that fact, relatively little attention has been paid to some questions, in contradiction to their significance.
Doing Good to Feel Good v. Doing Good to Make Others Feel Good
Authors: Karylowski Jerzy
Published: March 2007

It is proposed that altruistic individuals may differ among themselves with respect to so-called 'moral endo-/ exocentrism'. Moral endocentrism refers to the extent to which one's altruistic behaviour is controlled by its anticipated effects on one's own feelings of moral satisfaction, pride, etc., and moral exocentrism refers to its anticipated effects on a partner's well-being. It has been assumed that, when in a moral dilemma, endocentric altruists tend to focus more on the morality of the self while exocentric ones tend to focus more on a partner in need.
Distar Reading and Remedial Children in an Infant School
Authors: Gregory R. P. , Warburton B. G.
Published: March 2007

Following the referral of a boy from an infant school to the local Child Guidance Centre on the grounds that he was possibly in need of a place at a special school for the educational subnormal (mild) (ESN/(M)), a simple experimental project was started at the infant school to teach reading intensively to this boy and to several others who were nearly as backward.
School Psychology in Israel
Authors: Kaplan Marvin S. , Schnur Michael
Published: March 2007

This article considers the structures (that is, the frameworks, agencies and organization) within which Israeli school psychology operates. Secondly, it reviews the functions of school psychologists in terms of clientele, tasks inside and outside the schools, and the nature of child placement options. Finally, it describes and compares the university training programmes available for school psychologists in Israel. Israeli school psychology is dynamic, socially supported, and involved with the significant tasks of the society.
Preliminary Needs Assessments for Regular Classroom Placement for Students with Handicaps
Authors: Gans Karen Derk , Flexer Robert W.
Published: March 2007

Teachers (n = 127) from two school districts in Ohio, USA, were surveyed for their attitudes toward the integration of handicapped children. A principal components factor analysis revealed seven clusters of items accounting for 65 per cent of the variance. A discriminant function analysis was used to determine which items could be used to predict teachers who were willing or unwilling to teach students with handicaps. Two factors, Appropriate Placement and Classroom Management, were predictive with 79 per cent accuracy when combined with items regarding teacher perceptions of the benefit of full-time regular classroom placement, teaching experience with the handicapped, and resource awareness. This information is discussed in terms of the formation of a needs assessment to be used in integration.
Attitudes towards Integration
Authors: O'Hagan Frank J.
Published: March 2007

This paper describes one way of exploring the attitudes of professional educators towards the integration of students with learning difficulties. The viewpoints of a group of educational psychologists are inspected by way of illustration. It is suggested that this approach could form the basis for in-service training sessions with teachers and a means by which psychological services and other professional groups could begin to plan integration policies.
Psychological Maltreatmnent: Emphasis on Prevention
Authors: Hart Stuart N.
Published: March 2007

Psychological maltreatment (i.e. emotional abuse and neglect) is probably more prevalent and potentially more destructive than other forms of child maltreatment. Rejection, one of its major forms, has been found to negatively affect child development in all countries where it has been studied. However, psychological maltreatment has been given relatively little attention by the general public and helping professions, and it has seldom been the primary target of research or intervention. This article reviews the state of knowledge of psychological maltreatment, giving attention to its position as the core issue in child maltreatment based on the assumptions that: (a) it is inherent in all forms of child maltreatment; (b) the major negative effects of child maltreatment are generally psychological in nature; and (c) the concept clarifies and unifies the dynamics that underlie the destructive power of all forms of child abuse and neglect. Prevention is identified as the general strategy having the most potential for dealing with psychological maltreatment. A conceptual framework and specific suggestions for preventing psychological maltreatment are presented which (a) target assistance to both perpetrators and victims; (b) emphasize satisfying basic psychological needs, developing critical knowledge and skills and reducing negative stress; and (c) have applications at individual, family and community/society levels. Special consideration is given to cross-cultural issues and the manner in which schooling practices may perpetrate, ameliorate, and prevent psychological maltreatment.
A Comparison of Two Theory-Based Measures of Intelligence: Are They Measuring the Same Thing?
Authors: Gardner Michael K. , Clark Elaine , Miller Laura Smart , Kehle Thomas J.
Published: March 2007

Current intelligence tests are only weakly grounded in underlying theories of intelligence. Two current theories of intelligence are described, and a study is presented in which measures derived from these theories are compared with each other and traditional tests of ability. Measures derived from Jensen's neural oscillation theory were found to be related to motor speed. Measures derived from Sternberg's triarchic theory were found to be related to spatial reasoning and verbal ability. The two theories appear to measure different facets of intelligence, with neither, as operationalized here, giving a complete picture.
The Effect of Group Therapy and Correspondence with Family on Students' Adjustment to Boarding School
Authors: Itskowitz Rivka , Orbach Israel , Yablon Yacov
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the present research is to examine one of the major issues of adjustment of adolescents in boarding schools for students of low socioeconomic status. The research examined two intervention procedures for reducing separation anxiety and its effect on adjustment and dropout rate. The two procedures consisted of group therapy and structured letter correspondence between the students and their families. The subjects were 110 12-year-old students from two boarding schools divided into four groups. In one school, one group received group therapy with structured correspondence; the other was exposed to group therapy only. In the other school, students of one group main tained structured correspondence with family members; the other served as a control group. The findings indicate that the combined intervention and group therapy increased adjustment in several areas and reduced dropouts. Correspon dence with family members had a similar effect on a smaller scale on adjustment, but not on dropouts.
A Psychological Perspective on Identifying and Meeting the Needs of Exceptional Pupils
Authors: Powell Stuart , Jordan Rita
Published: March 2007

In this paper we reflect on our work with pupils with autism. In this context we examine the issue of whether teaching exceptional children requires exceptional techniques and knowledge or is simply a matter of good general teaching practice. We also consider the way in which psychologists and teachers, by reflecting on the patterns of learning of special children, may further their understanding of the learning of all children and thus extend notions of good teaching practice. We describe a number of learning and teaching 'events', and for each discuss issues arising and their implication for pedagogy.
Burnout among School Psychologists in the USA
Authors: Huebner E. Scott
Published: March 2007

A heterogeneous sample of NASP members responded to a survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a demographic and job functions questionnaire. The results cross-validated the findings of a previous, recent national survey that indicated that symptoms of burnout occur frequently among practicing school psychologists. Using Maslach and Jackson's (1986) multidimensional model of burnout, 25 percent of the sample reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, 3 percent reported high depersonalization and 12 percent reported low levels of personal accomplishment. A total of 35 percent indicated some desire to leave the profession altogether within the next five years. Levels of burnout were associated with school psychologists' ratings of importance and self-perceived competence with regard to various job functions. Positive correlations between intervention-related competencies and personal accomplishment were particularly noteworthy. Implications for further research and training are highlighted.
Facilitating the Transition to Democratic Living in South Africa
Authors: de Jong Terry , van der Hoorn Svea
Published: March 2007

South Africa is experiencing a process of political and social transformation unprecedented in its history. Underpinning this process is the tension inherent in grappling with radically different definitions of reality, not least of which is the formulation of democratic principles for a new constitutional framework in South Africa. Given the legacy of apartheid and its concomitant damage to the fabric of South African society, the position of mental health workers and educationalists is central to this transformation. Based upon the contention that the creation of a functional democratic society must be embedded in the development of democratic values and attitudes, this paper, through refiectingupon a workshop on democratic living, raises some thoughts and issues pertaining to the role of the educational psychologist in facilitating the transition to democratic living in South Africa. (A 30-minute videotape was produced and is available for purchase.)
School-Related Anger in Israeli Adolescent Students
Authors: Klingman Avigdor , Zeidner Moshe
Published: March 2007

This study set out to investigate major determinants and sources of student anger in the classroom and to identify commonly employed student responses to anger stemming from interaction with students and teachers alike. The sample consisted of 338 students enrolled in five junior high schools. Data were collected on major sources of anger evoked by students' interaction with peers and teachers, as well as students' responses to these anger-evoking situations. Confrontive problem-solving figured prominently among student anger-coping techniques. While adolescent boys prefer coping with their anger through hostile thoughts and aggressive 'acting out' types of behaviors (e.g. cursing, physical assault, retaliatory thoughts and actions, etc.) as well as active or physical palliative forms, females preferred coping through venting emotions (crying, feeling sad), confrontive problem-solving and instrumental social support. The most commonly reported techniques students employed in coping with teacher-related anger were anger-in, instrumental coping, instrumental social support and direct control mechanisms. Relative to girls, adolescent boys tended to cope more with teacher-related anger via aggression and to employ anger-out expressive behaviors. A number of techniques were found more frequently in coping with teacher than student-related anger, such as consulting with friends, consulting with parents, feeling of hatred. The implications for student counseling were discussed.
Metacognition, Pupil Empowerment and the School Context
Authors: Quicke John
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this article is to explore the notion of metacognition with a view to clarifying its significance for the development of teaching and learning strategies which enhance pupils' capacities as autonomous learners. It is argued that metacognition is a form of self-knowledge which is not fundamentally different from any other kind of knowledge; and that such knowledge can be interpreted as involving understanding of a wide range of social and psychological processes. Two key questions which relate to the specific context of the school are then discussed: one to do with the relationship between metacognition and school subject knowledge, and the other with the connection between metacognition and the various discourses of school learning. A number of studies of intervention strategies derived from different theoretical and methodological contexts are then briefly reviewed.
Canada's Reaction to Misleading Advertisements for Pre-School Screening Tests
Authors: Simner Marvin L.
Published: March 2007

Advertisements for pre-school screening tests often contain statements that are not supported by research findings. Because exaggerated advertising for this particular class of instrument could lead to test misuse and result in harm to many children, the Board of Directors of the Canadian Psychological Association authorized the development of a set of guidelines to assist authors and publishers in the preparation of advertising copy. Although these guidelines were distributed to school psychologists and publishing firms within Canada, the purpose of this report is to bring the guidelines to the attention of the broader community of school psychologists and publishing firms outside Canada in an effort to correct this problem.
Developing Student Codes of Conduct
Authors: Noonan B. , Tunney K. , Fogal B. , Sarich C.
Published: March 2007

Recent research on educational policy development has emphasized the importance of parental involvement in schools. How ever, there is little reported research which documents processes to involve parents in such policy development. The purpose of this article is to document a project in which parent-principal collaboration pro vided a policy framework for student codes of conduct. This framework was important for two reasons. First, it addressed an important concern for both parents and principals, namely the problems of bullying and victimization in schools. Second, the framework was the outcome of a systematic, research-based process which provides a model for parent principal collaboration. The implications for using this approach are discussed in the context of more general forms of parental involvement.
The Fixed-Term Contract, the Spanish Route to Flexibility? Women in the Retail Sector in the Barcelona Region
Authors: Garcia-Ramon Maria-Dolors , Ortiz Anna
Published: March 2007

The recent process of globalization of the economy has revived the debate on types of work contracts throughout Europe, and flexible employment has been strongly advocated as a solution to problems like persistent unemployment and decreasing competitiveness. Spain has experienced a recent political development rather different from that of the European core, which has shaped a peculiar form of labour market regulation and which has led to the country's indisputable and undesirable leadership in Europe in terms of the proportion of short-term contracts. This article addresses some basic issues of the 'flexibilization' of labour relations in the Spanish context, with particular emphasis on the retail sector in Barcelona.
Unionized Employees'Perceptions of Role Stress and Fairness during Organizational Downsizing: Consequences for Job Satisfaction, Union Satisfaction and Well-Being
Authors: Helogren Johnny , Sverke Magnus
Published: March 2007

Although a number of studies have shown that the stres and insecurity associated with downsizing may have detrimental consequences for employee work attitudes and well-being, little is known about the consequences for union attitudes. Using questionnaire data from a Swedish hospital, we investigated the relative importance of downsizing-related variables and factors associated with fan treatment for job satisfaction, ulnion satisfaction and well -being. Downsizing characteristics wore negatively associated with job satisfaction and well-being but unrelated to union satisfaction. Fan treatment from the hospital predicted job satisfaction while fan treatment from the union was positively associated with both union satisfaction and well-being. Although there was no evidence that f ainess could moderate the negative effects of downsizing stress on outeomes, the results indicate that an active role by unions in the downsizing proess may have beneficial consequences not only for members'union attitudes but also for their well-being.
Exploring Linkages between Dewey's Educational Philosophy and Industrial Reorganization
Authors: Wirth Arthur G
Published: March 2007

The paper begins by pointing out that Dewey in his preface to Democracy and Education (1916) stated that his goal was to show how his philosophy of education was related to experimentalist and evolutionary features of science, the growth of democracy and the need for industrial reorganization. The argument is made that Dewey's interest in the linkages between education and industrial reorganization has been among the least explored features of his work. The paper is organized around three topics: (1) an explication of Dewey's discontents with American industrialism and education, (2) an analysis of Dewey's thesis that science may be viewed as a mode of learning and a moral enterprise which may be linked to democratic values, (3) an account of how this way of viewing science was related to his arguments for a parallel reorganization of industry and education to support the values of democratic humanism. The paper explores Dewey's contention that the humanist potential of science as a model for human growth was being perverted into 'scientific technique', a tool for the pursuit of pecuniary and material gain. Illustrations of the consequences for industries and schools are provided. Then Dewey's counter argument of the need for a conjoint re-organization of both schools and industries to make them 'good work' places is developed. Included are examples of his own efforts along these lines in the work of the Dewey Laboratory School at the University of Chicago (1896-1904).

The dominant vocation of all human beings at all times is living intellectual and moral growth. (Dewey, 1916: 362). The moral function of... [all] institutions is in last analysis educative. (Dewey, 1908: 405)
The Sector and Firm in Self-Management: I. Institutional Models
Authors: Scurrah Martin J.
Published: March 2007

This is the first of two articles analyzing the experience of selfmanagement firms and sectors in Peru and Chile. The origins of the firms and sectors in each country are described, their evolution and modifications, the role of governments and the part played by private support institutions. On the basis of a comparison of the experiences in the two countries conclusions are drawn concerning the conditions in which such attempts in Third World countries may or may not be successful.
Industrial Restructuring and Gendered Employment Palterns A Presentation of a Research Project
Authors: Gonas Lena
Published: March 2007

This paper presents some of the results from the Structural Change Project (the STOP project) conducted at the Swedish Center for Working Life (Arbetslivscentrum). It starts with a summary of the subjects of the project, the issues covered and the methods used, and then presents the main findings of the project. This is followed by a discussion of the specific employment patterns that emerged for men and women in two case-studies that formed part of the project. These two studies describe cutbacks in a shipyard and the closure of a telecommunications plant in the same area. It is thus a comparison of the post-redundancy employment records of men and women.
Mining Unionism, Political Democracy and Revealed Preferences the Quid Pro Quo of Labour Relations in Bolivia, Chile and Peru, 1950-80
Authors: Feuer Bjorn
Published: March 2007

Trade unions support democracy, don't they? A final answer to that question can only be made when union action is related to actual regime changes. The present article discusses mining unionism in Bolivia, Chile and Peru and its apparent preferences in relation to registered regime shifts. The outcome of the analysis seems to indicate that in a context of political exchange the unions in question are more concerned about organizational survival than ideological commitments.
The Diffusion of Participation in New Information Technology in Europe: Survey Results
Authors: Gill Colin , Kneger Hubert
Published: March 2007

The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in Dublin recently carried out a major survey of managers and employee representatives throughout the twelve member states of the European Community to ascertain the degree of participation that existed in the introduction of new technology. This paper first sets out an explanatory framework consisting of five country-specific factors; management's reliance on its workforce to achieve its objectives, management style and attitude towards participation, the bargaining power of organized labour, legal regulation and the degree of centralization of the industrial relations system. These explanatory factors are used to explain the wide diversity in the levels and form of participation across the Community.
Workers' Financial Participation in the Property of Enterprises in Quebec
Authors: Comeau Yvan , Levesque Benoit
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the principal models for worker participation in property in Quebec. Four formulas are presented. First, the workers' investment funds have original characteristics, both in the scope of popular participation and in the strategic role taken on by these funds. Second, worker-shareholders' co-operatives are a controversial model which is unique to Qu6bec. Third, workers' co-operatives are examined. Fourth, the paper looks at individual worker participation in shareholding. In conclusion, the paper evaluates each formula for its potential for development and for democratizing work.
Employee Participation During the Early Stages of Transition: Evidence from Bulgaria
Authors: Jones Derek C.
Published: March 2007

By using data for individual workers and managers with matching information for firms, we provide the first evidence from a large-scale study of a former socialist country on employee participation during the early stages of transition and the final period of communism. We find that: (1) throughout 1989-92, the average level of employee participation is quite modest; (2) workers did begin to assert a greater measure of influence during this period; (3) during 1989-92, cases of genuine 'worker self-management' while apparent, were always rare; (4) there are potentially important discrepancies in the views of managers and employees as to who has what degree of power and on what issues; and (5) when respondents are classified into three categories of 'participation', there are statistically significant differences in individualand firm-level characteristics. Finally, we contrast our findings with other evidence and consider broader implications for transition.
'Europe of the Regions' and the Future of National Systems of Industrial Relations
Authors: Teague Paul
Published: March 2007

A popular argument is that deeper European integration along with moves towards productive decentralization will recast existing governance structures for the labour market. In particular, it is suggested that national industrial relations systems may gradually give way to regional employment systems. This paper takes a critical look at this thesis. After outlining in detail the influences that may cause the nation-state to wither as a site for economic management, the paper assesses whether the institutional and economic conditions exist for the emergence of regional forms of industrial relations. The conclusion is that many of the conditions are not in place and as a result any precipitate shift away from present national arrangements could lead to considerable fragmentation and distortions.
The Swedish Municipal Workers' Union A Study in the New Political Unionism
Authors: Higgins Winton
Published: March 2007

Previous examples of political unionism have focused on issues of public and private economic management and the distribution of income between capital and labour. This article examines a union that has adopted a more fundamental political mission in not only defending the welfare state against economic liberal subversion, but also in tackling the inequities of gender in work life that have so far survived comfortably with the orthodox reformist approach to pursuing gender equality in the labour market and society at large. In an integrated strategy to meet these problems, inspired by the country's resurgent women's movement, the Swedish Municipal Workers' Union-it is argued here-has imbued unionism with a new moral depth that goes to the core of current citizenship issues in Western society, and by so doing it has taken the political lead in the Swedish union movement, not least around institutionalized strategies for work life reform.
Is the 'Better Job' Still Possible Today?
Authors: Durand Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2007

The term 'better job' refers to work that permits employees to flourish, that is, situations where employees, and in particular operators, have increased autonomy, more responsibility and greater control over their time and space: in brief, firm control over the organization of their work. The 'better job' appears to be a real possibility, a compromise in our societies (despite the contradictions inherent in capitalist relations of production) in which capital might leave the workers, and employees in general, to organize their own work, in capital's own interest, in other words to increase labour productivity and productivity in general. This explains why the 'better job' has, historically, been initially developed by capital during periods of labour market tension and labour shortage, during the 1960s and 1970s, prior to becoming a demand made by the unions in the late 1970s and 1980s. Today, the partial resolution of the capital accumulation crisis through the widespread adoption of 'tightened flow' production methods runs counter to the emergence of the 'better job', including in those work sectors which otherwise seem most favourable to it.
Unions and New Shopfloor Strike Strategies and Learning Processes among Public Employees
Authors: Mikkelsen Flemming
Published: March 2007

The construction of a welfare state in most western industrialized countries went hand in hand with the development of an expansive public sector. Having discussed the theoretical arguments social scientists have applied to explain the increasing collective industrial activity among public employees in selected industrialized countries, this article endeavours to test the proletarianization, the organization and the interaction hypotheses alongside the welfare state crisis argument. In light of statistical data on strikes and four detailed case studies of the development of mass organizations and shopfloorbased strike activity, that is base organizations, in Denmark, only a conditional interaction model remains. This model states that the development of the public sector contributed to the growth of modem mass organizations and to the construction of informal base organizations with shared goals, especially through the establishment of large bureaucratic settings with elaborate internal labour markets. The model also confirms that base organizations acquired their main resources from, and partly owed their existence to, the formal labour unions, who themselves could not remain unaffected by the base organizations either. Finally it is argued that the combined, but often unintended, efforts by mass and base organizations introduced durable changes in the system of industrial relations, and opened up new labour market strategies for public employees.
From Grassroots Democracy to National Mobilization: COSATU as a Model of Social Movement Unionism
Authors: Hirschsohn Philip
Published: March 2007

To understand the development of labor movements like the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), which emerged in South Africa in the 1980s as part of the anti-Apartheid movement struggling for national liberation, we need to go beyond conventional categories of economic and political unionism. 'Social movement unionism' combines conventional institutionalized collective bargaining with modes of collective action typically associated with social movements. Based on the experience of COSATU this article develops a four-stage model, using a political process approach, to explain the origins, emergence and development of social movement unionism under a reformist authoritarian regime. The analysis concludes by considering whether social movement unionism can survive the transition to democracy.
Differential Reinforcement of other Behavior (DRO) to Reduce Aggressive Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hegel Mark T. , Ferguson Robert J.
Published: March 2007

Severe brain injury can result in significant neurobehavioral and social functioning impairment. In rehabilitation settings, behavioral problems of aggression and nonadherence to therapeutic activities can pose barriers to maximal recovery of function. Behavioral interventions seem to be effective in reducing problem behavior among individuals recovering from severe brain trauma, but well-controlled studies examining the efficacy of such interventions are sparse. This article presents a single-case, multiple-baseline study of a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) procedure in a 28-year-old, brain-injured male with aggressive behavior problems. The procedure successfully reduced the frequency of problem behavior by up to 74%, maintained at 1-month follow-up. Implications of this intervention for individuals with brain injury are discussed, and testing of this procedure using a between-group design seems indicated.
Therapeutic Effects and Long-Term Efficacy of Antidepressant Medication for Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Luiselli James K. , Blew Priscilla , Thibadeau Susan
Published: March 2007

Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of severe behavior disorders in persons with developmental disabilities suggest the use of antidepressant medication for therapeutic management. This research evaluated two antidepressant medications for treatment-resistant aggression and self-injury exhibited by two persons with developmental disabilities. Behavioral assessment data documented that sertraline (a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor) was effective in reducing self-injurious behaviors in a 20-year-old man with severe mental retardation and clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant) was associated with the elimination of aggressive behavior in a 14-year-old boy with autism. Clinical effects from the medications were measured in relation to and shown to be a function of dosage level. Extended follow-up assessments revealed maintenance of treatment gains with continued medication administration.
Respiratory Psychophysiology and Behavior Modification
Authors: Ley Ronald
Published: March 2007

This article was written as an introduction to a special issue of Behavior Modification dedicated to studies in the field of respiratory psychophysiology. Although the invited articles that constitute this special issue cover a fairly broad range of topics, prioritywas given to articles that focus on the role of respiration in panic disorder. Attention is directed to the fundamental role of breathing in applied psychophysiology and to the encouragement of research in the modification of breathing behavior. The connection between respiratory psychophysiology and behavior modification is explained by reference to (a) a recent article on Pavlovian and operant control of breathing behavior and (b) four published volumes of selected articles dedicated exclusively to the field of respiratory psychophysiology. The present special issue of Behavior Modification marks the fifth volume.
Judgments of Assertive Behavior as a Function of Speech Loudness, Latency, Content, Gestures, Inflection, and Sex
Authors: Rose Yaacov J. , Tryon Warren W.
Published: March 2007

Ninety-six undergraduate males and females judged 112 videotaped scenes of male-male, male-female, female-male, and female-female dyads involved in a line or restaurant scene in which the responses to confrontations varied systematically in voice loudness, latency to reply, speech content, gestures, and voice inflection. It was found that each of these variables substantially altered judgments along a subassertive-assertive-aggressive continuum. While the sex of the rater was never important, the sex of the stimulus dyad was always important. Females responding were rated higher than males, perhaps demonstrating that raters saw greater social incongruence for females to be reacting assertively than for males. Line scenes were always rated slightly higher than restaurant scenes, perhaps because standing is a more dominant posture than sitting.
Operant Control of Pedophilia
Authors: Wong Stephen E. , Gaydos Gerard R. , Fuqua R. Wayne
Published: March 2007

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of specific instructions and confinement (a modified timeout procedure) for reducing approaches to children by a mildly retarded pedophile. The subject, an individual accused of several sexual offenses, was covertly observed during unstructured walks through the neighbor-hood surrounding his group home residence. Baseline data indicated that the subject approached young females, young males, and "adults" at moderate, highly variable rates. In a multiple-baseline, across responses design, specific instructions and contingent confinement were applied first to approaches toward young females and then to approaches toward young males, with the adult category serving as a control baseline. Instructions consisted of describing approach responses which would result in confinement. Confinement entailed an observer immediately returning the subject to his residence where he was restricted for the remainder of the evening, and cancelling the subject's weekend visiting privileges. Data collected over a one-year period show that the intervention substantially reduced approaches to young females and males without adversely affecting the number of approaches to adults.
Peer Observation in Decreasing Uncooperative Behavior in Young Dental Patients
Authors: Williams Julie A. , Hurst Michael K. , Stokes Trevor F.
Published: March 2007

The behavior of uncooperative young boys during restorative dental treatment was examined in a multiple baseline design across the subjects. During baseline, the boys received standard dental treatment and noncontingent rewards at the end of each visit. Three of the boys then observed and were observed by a peer during treatment; two boys were only observed by a peer during treatment. Measures of uncooperative behavior, heart rate, frontalis EMG, and dentist-dental assistant ratings of anxiety and cooperation were recorded. All boys exhibited a substantial decrease in uncooperative behavior during the observation visits. Heart rate either decreased or remained at baseline levels, while EMG showed no consistent effect. Anxiety and cooperation ratings demonstrated either improvement or maintenance at low baseline levels.
The Treatment of Agoraphobia
Authors: Emmelkamp Paul M. G. , Brilman Els , Kuiper Hermieke , Mersch Peter-Paul
Published: March 2007

Exposure in vivo, rational emotive therapy, and self-instructional training were compared with 43 agoraphobics as subjects. After six treatment sessions exposure in vivo was clearly superior to the cognitive treatment on measures of phobic anxiety and avoidance. Additional exposure in vivo sessions for all conditions led to continuing improvement. Results at the posttest suggest that the cognitive strategies did not enhance the effects of exposure in vivo.