bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid‐state NMR Study of the YadA Membrane‐Anchor Domain in the Bacterial Outer Membrane
Authors: Shahid Shakeel A. , Nagaraj Madhu , Chauhan Nandini , Franks Trent W. , Bardiaux Benjamin , Habeck Michael , Orwick‐Rydmark Marcella , Linke Dirk , van Rossum Barth‐J.
Published: September 2015

MAS‐NMR was used to study the structure and dynamics at ambient temperatures of the membrane‐anchor domain of YadA (YadA‐M) in a pellet of the outer membrane of E. coli in which it was expressed. YadA is an adhesin from the pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica that is involved in interactions with the host cell, and it is a model protein for studying the autotransport process. Existing assignments were sucessfully transferred to a large part of the YadA‐M protein in the E. coli lipid environment by using 13C‐13C DARR and PDSD spectra at different mixing times. The chemical shifts in most regions of YadA‐M are unchanged relative to those in microcrystalline YadA‐M preparations from which a structure has previously been solved, including the ASSA region that is proposed to be involved in transition‐state hairpin formation for transport of the soluble domain. Comparisons of the dynamics between the microcrystalline and membrane‐embedded samples indicate greater flexibility of the ASSA region in the outer‐membrane preparation at physiological temperatures. This study will pave the way towards MAS‐NMR structure determination of membrane proteins, and a better understanding of functionally important dynamic residues in native membrane environments.
Free‐radical terpolymerization of n‐butyl acrylate/butyl methacrylate/d‐limonene
Authors: Ren Shanshan , Zhang Lisha , Dubé Marc A.
Published: September 2015

d‐Limonene (Lim) is a renewable monoterpene derived from citrus fruit peels. We investigated it for use as part of a more sustainable polymer formulation. The bulk free‐radical terpolymerization of n‐butyl acrylate (BA)/butyl methacrylate (BMA)/Lim was carried out at 80°C with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The terpolymerization was studied at various initial BA/BMA/Lim molar ratios, and the products were characterized for conversion, terpolymer composition, molecular weight, and glass‐transition temperature. Lim was observed to undergo a significant degradative chain‐transfer reaction, which greatly influenced the polymerization kinetics. The rate of polymerization, final conversion, and polymer molecular weight were all significantly reduced because of the presence of Lim. Nonetheless, polymers with relatively high weight‐average molecular weights (20,000–120,000 Da) were produced. The terpolymer composition was well predicted with the reactivity ratios estimated for each of the three copolymer subsystems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42821.
Robust H∞ Tracking Control of Uncertain Robotic Systems with Periodic Disturbances
Authors: Chang Yeong‐Chan
Published: September 2015

This paper addresses the problem of designing robust tracking control for a large class of uncertain robotic systems. A more general model of the external disturbance is employed in the sense that the external disturbance can be expressed as the sum of a modeled disturbance and an unmodeled disturbance, for example, any periodic disturbance can be expressed in this general form. An adaptive neural network system is constructed to approximate the behavior of unknown robot dynamics. An adaptive control algorithm is designed to estimate the behavior of the modeled disturbance, and in turn the robust H∞ control algorithm is required to attenuate the effects of the unmodeled disturbance only. Consequently, an intelligent adaptive/robust tracking control scheme is constructed such that an H∞ tracking control is achieved in the sense that all the states and signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded and the effect due to the unmodeled disturbance on the tracking error can be attenuated to any preassigned level. Finally, simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control algorithm.
Vermeidung von Schäden an Schlitzwandfugen durch den Einsatz geeigneter Qualitätssicherungssysteme
Authors: Ewald Knut , Schneider Nikolaus
Published: September 2015

Die Schlitzwandtechnik hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten häufig als die beste Möglichkeit erwiesen, in Ballungsräumen tiefe, wasserdichte Baugruben auszuführen. Jedoch führt die Betrachtung von Schadensereignissen der letzten Jahre zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Schlitzwandfugen eine relevante Schwachstelle innerhalb einer Baugrubenumschließung darstellen.

Anhand von dokumentierten Schadensereignissen werden mögliche Schadenshergänge und ‐ursachen aufgezeigt. Eine Übersicht über die gängige Fugentechnik führt zur differenzierten Betrachtung der Möglichkeiten der einzelnen Fugensysteme mit ihren Vor‐ und Nachteilen.

Die einschlägigen technischen Regelwerke halten sich bei der Wahl der richtigen Fugensysteme sowie bei der Qualitätssicherung beim Einbau sehr offen. In dem Beitrag werden Qualitätssicherungssysteme für Fugen vorgestellt und anschließend vergleichend bewertet.

Zur Risikominimierung an Schlitzwandbaugruben ist die integere, gerade und saubere Fuge zwingend vor der Betonage eines Sekundärelementes nachzuweisen. Dabei sollte jedoch nicht nur auf die Erfassung eventueller Schadstellen schon beim Bau Wert gelegt werden, sondern bereits in der Planung und Bauvorbereitung auf einen Fugentyp hingewirkt werden, der Schadensursachen wie etwa Umlaufbeton von vorne herein ausschließt.

Avoid of damage to diaphragm wall joints through the use of appropriate quality assurance systems

In recent decades diaphragm wall technology has proven to be the best way to carry out deep watertight pits in urban areas. The observation of execution failures of recent years has lead to the realization that the joint represents the weakest point of a diaphragm wall.

On the basis of execution failures possible damage and causes of damage are shown. An overview of common joint techniques results in a differentiated consideration of the possibilities of each joint system with its advantages and disadvantages.

Codes and standards give no clear guidelines for choosing the right joint system and quality assurance during installation although quality assurance systems exist for the joints which will be presented individually and will then be compared.

In the future, the firm, straight, and clean joint must be implemented before concreting the secondary element to minimize the risk of diaphragm wall pits. In future, not only the detection of possible defects during construction should be taken into consideration but a joint type should be developed, which eliminates causes of damage such as circulation concrete from the very beginning.
Modifiziertes Verkehrslastmodell für kommunale Brückenbauwerke
Authors: Boros Vazul , Novák Balthasar , Decker Ulrich
Published: September 2015

Das Straßenverkehrslastmodell des neuen Eurocodes 1, Teil 2 [1] für Deutschland gewährleistet eine zukunftssichere Bemessung für neue Brückenbauwerke. Es wurde so ausgelegt, dass eine prognostizierte weitere Zunahme im Gesamtgewicht der Fahrzeuge sowie der genehmigungspflichtige Schwerverkehr bereits berücksichtigt werden. Somit sind auch beispielsweise Neubauten von Großbrücken an Autobahnen mit zwei bis drei Fahrstreifen und sehr hoher Verkehrsstärke durch dieses Modell abgedeckt. Zwangsläufig ergeben sich bei einer solchen Vereinheitlichung im Bereich der kommunalen Brücken, die typischerweise kleinere Stützweiten und geringere Verkehrsstärken aufweisen, sehr hohe Sicherheiten. Daher wurde vom Tiefbauamt Stuttgart ein Forschungsvorhaben ins Leben gerufen, mit dem Ziel, für definierte Brückentypen mit geringen Spannweiten, die gerade im Bereich der Kommunen häufig vorkommen, das Sicherheitsniveau des neuen Verkehrslastmodells zu untersuchen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wird ein Vorschlag formuliert, wie unter gewissen Randbedingungen das Verkehrslastmodell so angepasst werden kann, dass die Zuverlässigkeitsanforderungen der Eurocodes weiterhin erfüllt werden, die Bauwerke jedoch ihre Wirtschaftlichkeit bewahren.

Adjusted traffic load model for bridges in urban areas

The traffic load model of the new German national annex to the Eurocode 1 Part 2 ensures a prudent design for new bridges, considering even a prognosticated increase in gross vehicle weight and exceptionally heavy vehicles requiring individual permit. Therefore this model covers for example the construction of wide‐span highway bridges with two to three lanes and high traffic density. As a direct consequence of this unified approach however, urban bridges with typically small spans and low traffic show rather high reliabilities. Hence the Civil Engineering Office of the city of Stuttgart initiated a research project to investigate the level of safety provided by the new traffic load model in case of specific types of small‐span bridges, commonly present in urban areas. Based on these results recommendations are made in order to adjust the traffic load model for small bridges fulfilling certain criteria. This enables economic design of these structures, while still meeting the requirements on reliability defined in the Eurocodes.
Überprüfung der zusätzlichen Regeln für ∅︁40 mm nach EC2
Authors: Schäfer Martin , Schnell Jürgen
Published: September 2015

In hoch bewehrten Stahlbetonbauteilen kann es sinnvoll sein, Betonstahl mit großen Stabdurchmessern ∅︁ > 32 mm einzusetzen. Ein Bewehrungsstab ∅︁40 mm (12,56 cm2) kann im Vergleich der Querschnittsflächen 2∅︁28 mm, 4∅︁20 mm, 8∅︁14 mm, 11∅︁12 mm, 16∅︁10 mm oder 25∅︁8 mm ersetzen. Durch die Verwendung großer Stabdurchmesser können wirtschaftliche Vorteile, aber auch Nachteile bei der Rissbreitenbeschränkung entstehen. Abgesicherte Regeln zur Rissbreitenbeschränkung fehlen bisher. Im Eurocode 2 wird zur Rissbreitenbeschränkung pauschal eine Oberflächenbewehrung mit Stabdurchmessern ∅︁ ≤ 10 mm gefordert. In einem Forschungsvorhaben wurden Versuche durchgeführt, die zeigen, dass eine Rissbreitenberechnung nach Eurocode 2, bei der große Stabdurchmesser und Oberflächenbewehrung über einen Ersatzdurchmesser berücksichtigt werden, unzureichende Ergebnisse liefert. Aufbauend auf insgesamt 60 Zugversuchen und mehr als 30.000 Rissbreitenmesswerten wurden Berechnungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet, welche das Zusammenwirken großer Stabdurchmesser mit einer Oberflächenbewehrung wirklichkeitsnah berücksichtigen. Bei dem Forschungsprojekt handelte es sich um ein Verbundprojekt, welches gemeinsam mit der RWTH Aachen sowie der TU Braunschweig durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeitspakete “Verbund und Zugstöße” sowie “Druckglieder” sind in [1, 2] dargestellt.

Checking of additional rules for ∅︁40 mm according to EC2. Part 2: Crack widths and surface reinforcement

In highly reinforced concrete elements, it might be reasonable to use bars with large bar diameters ∅︁ > 32 mm. Only one bar ∅︁ 40 mm (12,56 cm2) can replace the cross section areas 2∅︁28 mm, 4∅︁20 mm, 8∅︁14 mm, 11∅︁12 mm, 16∅︁10 mm or 25∅︁8 mm. Due to the use of large bar diameter, economic advantages but also disadvantages concerning the crack width limitation may occur. Verified rules for the crack width limitation are still missing. Eurocode 2 requires a cross‐the‐board surface reinforcement with bar diameters ∅︁ = 10 mm to limit crack widths. In a research project, tests were conducted that display the fact that the crack width calculation according to EC2, where large bar diameters and surface reinforcement are considered by an equivalent diameter, gives inadequate results. Based on 60 tensile strength tests and more than 30 000 crack widths measurements, a calculation suggestion was developed that considers the coaction between large bar diameters and surface reinforcement realistically. The research project was carried out together with RWTH Aachen (Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Josef Hegger) and the Technical University of Braunschweig (Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Martin Empelmann). The results of the work packages “bond behaviour” and “colums” are documented in [1, 2].
Henning Schmidgen, Hirn und Zeit. Die Geschichte eines Experiments, 1800–1950, Berlin: Matthes & Seitz 2014
Authors: Stadler Max
Published: September 2015

698 S., geb., € 49,90. ISBN 978‐3‐88221‐115‐3.
Dieter Steiner, Rachel Carson. Pionierin der Ökologiebewegung. Eine Biographie, München: Oekom 2014
Authors: Uekötter Frank
Published: September 2015

360 S., € 19,95. ISBN 978‐3‐86581‐467‐8.
Corinna Zangerl, Wenn Wissenschaft Lebensgrenzen setzt. Die Aufzeichnungen des Innsbrucker Physiologen Ludwig Haberlandt (1885–1932), Innsbruck: Wagner 2014
Authors: Stoff Heiko
Published: September 2015

152 S., zahlreiche Abb., € 25,00. ISBN 978‐3‐7030‐0830‐6.
Martin Kohlrausch, Helmut Trischler, Building Europe on Expertise: Innovators, Organizers, Networkers, (Making Europe 2) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2014
Authors: Lundin Per
Published: September 2015

416 S., £ 60,00. ISBN 978‐0‐230‐30805‐3.
Philipp Osten, Das Tor zur Seele. Schlaf, Somnambulismus und Hellsehen im frühen 19. Jahrhundert, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh 2015
Authors: Schmidt‐Hannisa Hans‐Walter
Published: September 2015

383 S., € 44,90. ISBN 978‐3‐506‐77935‐9.
Evaluation of predictive tools for cell culture clarification performance
Authors: Senczuk Anna , Petty Krista , Thomas Anne , McNerney Thomas , Moscariello John , Yigzaw Yinges
Published: September 2015

Recent advances in the productivity of industrial mammalian cell culture processes have resulted in part in increased cell density. This increase and the associated increase in cellular debris are known to challenge harvest operations, however this understanding is limited and largely qualitative. Part of the issue arises from the heterogeneous size and composition of cellular debris, which makes harvest feed stream extremely difficult to characterize. Improved characterization methods would facilitate the development of clarification approaches that are consistent and scalable. This work describes how both particle size and cholesterol analysis can be used to characterize the feed stream. Particle size analysis by focused beam reflectance and dynamic light scattering are shown to be predictive of centrate filterability under certain harvest conditions. Because of the particle size range limitations of each detector, their applicability is limited to a particular stage or method of clarification. The measurement of cholesterol present in the cell culture supernatant or centrate was successfully used in providing relative amount of lysed cellular debris and enabled us to predict clarification performance of acid precipitated harvest regardless of particle size distribution profile. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 568–575. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibrous proteins: At the crossroads of genetic engineering and biotechnological applications
Authors: Yigit Sezin , Dinjaski Nina , Kaplan David L.
Published: September 2015

Fibrous proteins, such as silk, elastin and collagen are finding broad impact in biomaterial systems for a range of biomedical and industrial applications. Some of the key advantages of biosynthetic fibrous proteins compared to synthetic polymers include the tailorability of sequence, protein size, degradation pattern, and mechanical properties. Recombinant DNA production and precise control over genetic sequence of these proteins allows expansion and fine tuning of material properties to meet the needs for specific applications. We review current approaches in the design, cloning, and expression of fibrous proteins, with a focus on strategies utilized to meet the challenges of repetitive fibrous protein production. We discuss recent advances in understanding the fundamental basis of structure‐function relationships and the designs that foster fibrous protein self‐assembly towards predictable architectures and properties for a range of applications. We highlight the potential of functionalization through genetic engineering to design fibrous protein systems for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 913–929. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical investigation of dynamic microorgan devices as drug screening platforms. Part I: Macroscale modeling approach & validation
Authors: Tourlomousis Filippos , Chang Robert C.
Published: September 2015

The dynamic nature of in vitro drug metabolism models demands reliable numerical tools to determine key design parameter values towards high‐fidelity cell‐based platforms of in vivo drug metabolism. This paper represents the first of a two‐part model‐based investigation of a 3D dynamic microorgan device (DMD). The prescribed tissue model in this paper is precisely embedded within a DMD by 3D bioprinting hydrogel encapsulated liver cells into a patterned array of microchannels. A perfusing drug substrate is biotransformed by liver cells encapsulated within porous hydrogel walls. Therefore, the free and porous flow regime equations are first solved in tandem to derive the laminar velocity profile and wall shear stresses in the entire shear‐mediated flow regime. These equations are then coupled with a convection‐diffusion equation and Michaelis‐Menten reaction terms, resulting in an effective convection‐diffusion‐cell kinetics model. A key consideration addressed herein is mechanotransduction where shear stresses on the encapsulated cells alter subcellular liver enzyme reaction rates. Cells are incorporated into the geometric model implicitly (macroscale) as enzyme reaction structures uniformly distributed throughout the DMD length. Transient simulations enable effluent drug metabolite profile determination wherein the proposed macroscale modeling approach is validated with an experimental drug flow study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 612–622. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen polishing in a fully anoxic anammox MBBR treating mainstream nitritation–denitritation effluent
Authors: Regmi Pusker , Holgate Becky , Miller Mark W. , Park Hongkeun , Chandran Kartik , Wett Bernhard , Murthy Sudhir , Bott Charles B.
Published: September 2015

As nitrogen discharge limits are becoming more stringent, short‐cut nitrogen systems and tertiary nitrogen polishing steps are gaining popularity. For partial nitritation or nitritation–denitritation systems, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) polishing may be feasible to remove residual ammonia and nitrite from the effluent. Nitrogen polishing of mainstream nitritation–denitritation system effluent via anammox was studied at 25°C in a fully anoxic moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) (V = 0.45 m3) over 385 days. Unlike other anammox based processes, a very fast startup of anammox MBBR was demonstrated, despite nitrite limited feeding conditions (influent nitrite = 0.7 ± 0.59 mgN/L, ammonia = 6.13 ± 2.86 mgN/L, nitrate = 3.41 ± 1.92 mgN/L). The nitrogen removal performance was very stable within a wide range of nitrogen inputs. Anammox bacteria (AMX) activity up to 1 gN/m2/d was observed which is comparable to other biofilm‐based systems. It is generally believed that nitrate production limits nitrogen removal through AMX metabolism. However, in this study, anammox MBBR demonstrated ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate removal at limited chemical oxygen demand (COD) availability. AMX and heterotrophs contributed to 0.68 ± 0.17 and 0.32 ± 0.17 of TIN removal, respectively. It was speculated that nitrogen removal might be aided by denitratation which could be due to heterotrophs or the recently discovered ability for AMX to use short‐chain fatty acids to reduce nitrate to nitrite. This study demonstrates the feasibility of anammox nitrogen polishing in an MBBR is possible for nitritation–denitration systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 635–642. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicentre study of abdominal aortic aneurysm measurement and enlargement
Authors: Lederle F A , Noorbaloochi S , Nugent S , Taylor B C , Grill J P , Kohler T R , Cole L
Published: September 2015

Background

No effective treatment is currently available to prevent progression of small and medium-sized abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Identification of drugs with sufficient promise to justify large expensive randomized trials remains challenging. One potentially useful strategy is to look for associations between commonly used drugs and AAA enlargement in appropriately adjusted observational studies.

Methods

Potential AAA measurements were identified from abdominal imaging reports in the electronic data files of three medical centres from 1995 to 2010. AAA measurements were extracted manually and patients with an aneurysm of 3 cm or larger, who had at least two measurements over an interval of at least 6 months, were identified. Other data were obtained from the electronic data files (demographics, co-morbidities, smoking status, drug use) to conduct a propensity analysis of the associations of drugs and other factors with AAA enlargement.

Results

From 52 962 abdominal imaging studies, 5362 patients with an AAA of 3 cm or more were identified, of whom 2428 had at least two measurements over at least 6 months. Mean AAA follow-up was 3·4 years and the mean AAA enlargement rate was 2·0 mm per year. Propensity analysis demonstrated no significant association of AAA enlargement with statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Diabetes was associated with a reduction in AAA enlargement of 1·2 mm per year (P = 0·008), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with increased enlargement (0·5 mm per year; P = 0·050). Moderate AAA measurement variation and substantial terminal digit preference were also observed, but the digit preference became less pronounced after 2000.

Conclusion

This study confirms the negative association of diabetes with AAA progression. There was no evidence that commonly used cardiovascular drugs affect AAA enlargement.
“Move the cap” technique for ambiguous or impenetrable proximal cap of coronary total occlusion
Authors: Vo Minh N. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: September 2015

Antegrade crossing remains the most commonly employed crossing strategy for coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) but can be challenging to perform in cases of ambiguous or impenetrable proximal cap. To successfully treat such cases, we describe a technique named “move the cap,” in which the subintimal space is entered proximal to the proximal cap using a stiff coronary guidewire or facilitated by inflating a slightly oversized balloon. Subintimal guidewire entry is followed by standard antegrade dissection and re‐entry. The “move the cap” technique can facilitate crossing of CTOs with ambiguous or impenetrable cap, while minimizing the risk of perforation. This technique is also useful for treating balloon uncrossable lesions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Left main coronary artery embolization in an 11‐year‐old girl due to inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mitral valve
Authors: Kheiwa Ahmed , Turner Daniel , Schreiber Theodore
Published: September 2015

This report describes a rare case of a subtotal left main coronary artery occlusion from mitral valve tumor embolization in an 11‐year‐old African American girl. This case is the first to report isolated ST segment elevation in lead aVR as a sign of a subtotal left main coronary artery occlusion in the pediatric population. In our case, we report a rare case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mitral valve presenting with acute myocardial infarction due to embolization into the left main coronary artery. Coronary intervention was successfully performed using an aspiration catheter. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor usually presents as a solitary pulmonary nodule. Intracardiac involvement has been rarely reported. Despite the benign nature of the tumor, fatal presentations can occur. Early recognition and rapid intervention can be lifesaving in these patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: Treatment strategies and 28‐day‐case fatality from the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry
Authors: Amann Ute , Kirchberger Inge , Heier Margit , von Scheidt Wolfgang , Kuch Bernhard , Peters Annette , Meisinger Christa
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Aim of this observational study was to analyze today's real‐life treatment strategies in elderly patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to assess the association between 28‐day‐case fatality and invasive strategy (percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass grafting).

Background

Elderly patients increasingly constitute a large proportion of the AMI population.

Methods

The present study is an analysis of all patients aged 75–84 years, who were enrolled in the German population‐based MONICA/KORA MI registry between 2009 and 2012 and who were defined as nonfatal at least 24 hours surviving AMI cases according to MONICA definition. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted for the total study population and stratified by type of AMI (ST‐segment elevation MI [STEMI], Non‐ST‐segment elevation MI [NSTEMI], and bundle branch block [BBB]).

Results

Out of the 1,191 elderlies, 61.9% were treated invasively. In the multivariable analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for 28‐day‐case fatality in patients treated with invasive versus conservative strategy was 0.43 (95% CI 0.27–0.69). Stratified analyses revealed an OR of 0.27 (95% CI 0.13–0.56) for patients with NSTEMI. In patients with STEMI or BBB also a positive trend for invasive strategy was observed (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.13–1.27 and OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.16–3.66, respectively).

Conclusions

Invasive revascularization therapy was independently associated with short‐term survival in elderly patients, particularly in those with NSTEMI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractured pericardial drain sheath: Removal technique
Authors: Naghi Jesse , Mahmud Ehtisham , Reeves Ryan Robert
Published: September 2015

Pericardiocentesis with drain placement provides relief of symptomatic pericardial tamponade. The use of a pericardial sheath preserves access to the pericardial space in the event a drain may need to be replaced or manipulated. Although rare, sheath fracture and migration into the pericardial space may be a complication of prolonged sheath maintenance. Prompt action may allow percutaneous retrieval of the foreign body and avoid the need for surgical exploration. We report a case of successful percutaneous retrieval of a fractured pericardial sheath. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of anticoagulation regimen prior to revascularization in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The ACUITY trial
Authors: Geisler Tobias , Droppa Michal , Gawaz Meinrad , Steinhubl Steven R. , Bertrand Michel E. , Lincoff A. Michael , Cequier Angel R. , Desmet Walter , Rasmussen Lars H. , Hoekstra James W. , Bernstein Debra , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W.
Published: September 2015

Aim

To evaluate the impact of antithrombotic regimens during the medical phase of treatment among 13,819 patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) treated with an early invasive strategy in the acute catheterization and urgent intervention triage strategy (ACUITY) trial.

Methods and results

Endpoints included composite major adverse cardiac events (MACE), major bleeding, and net adverse clinical events (NACE; MACE or major bleeding). The median (interquartile range) duration of antithrombin use in the medical only treatment phase was 6.5 (1.8–22.5) hours. MACE, major bleeding, and NACE during the medical only phase occurred in 63 (0.5%), 117 (0.9%), and 178 (1.3%) patients, respectively. MACE rates in the medical‐treatment‐only phase were not significantly different between the four randomized medical regimens used (heparin alone, bivalirudin alone, heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor [GPI], and bivalirudin plus GPI) (Ptrend = 0.65). The lowest rates of major bleeding and NACE during the medical treatment phase occurred in patients treated with bivalirudin alone (Ptrend = 0.0006 and Ptrend = 0.0004, respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with NSTE‐ACS undergoing an early invasive strategy, treatment with bivalirudin alone significantly reduced major bleeding and improved net clinical outcomes during the upstream medical management phase with comparable rates of MACE. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent peritoneal serous carcinoma that was unmanageable with paclitaxel–carboplatin therapy responded to autologous formalin‐fixed tumor vaccine
Authors: Chen Jui‐Tung , Ohno Tadao
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

Paclitaxel–carboplatin therapy (TC) usually controls primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC) but not recurrent disease. In this case, PPSC recurred after three courses of TC, responded dramatically to additional autologous formalin‐fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV), and resulted in prolonged, progression‐free survival without visible lesions detected by positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Pseudoaneurysm of pulmonary artery: rare complication of systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Garg Shivani , King Gentry , Varadi Gabor
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon yet fatal clinical entity. Its presentation can mimic a number of common diseases and can be easily missed. As pseudoaneurysm is associated with a number of fatal complications, clinicians should be aware of imaging features which distinguishes pseudoaneurysms from its close differentials. Early recognition and treatment of pseudoaneurysm can prevent fatal outcomes including hemothorax, rupture, or death.
Selective Synthesis of Phenol from Benzene with O2 by Switchover of the Reaction Pathway from Complete Oxidation to Selective Hydroxylation by NH3 on Ir/β and Ni/β Catalysts
Authors: Wang Linsheng , Yamamoto Sadaaki , Hayashizaki Kenichiro , Nagamatsu Shin‐ichi , Malwadkar Sachin , Sasaki Takehiko , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: September 2015

New and selective IrO2 cluster/β and NiO cluster/β catalysts have been synthesized for the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene with O2 in gas‐phase single‐path flow reactions. Phenol is generated by switchover of the reaction pathway from complete oxidation of benzene to selective hydroxylation of benzene by NH3. The active oxide‐cluster structures in the β pores have been characterized by XAFS, XPS, STEM‐EDS, XRD, and DFT calculations. The reaction profile and the role of NH3 in the synthesis of phenol on the proposed Ni4O4 cluster have also been simulated by DFT calculations.
Stability of Transition‐metal Carbides in Liquid Phase Reactions Relevant for Biomass‐Based Conversion
Authors: Souza Macedo Luana , Stellwagen Daniel R. , Teixeira da Silva Victor , Bitter Johannes H.
Published: September 2015

Transition‐metal carbides have been employed for biobased conversions aiming to replace the rare noble metals. However, when reactions are in liquid phase, many authors have observed catalyst deactivation. The main routes of deactivation in liquid phase biobased conversions are coke deposition, crystallite growth, leaching and oxidation. This Minireview identifies and discusses the main trends between routes of deactivation and catalyst properties. The nature of the support can influence catalyst deactivation by coke deposition and leaching (role of acidity or electronic effects). Although carbon based supports seem to be a good choice for carbides in coke‐sensitive reactions, deactivation by leaching is facilitated. The crystallite size of the carbide is related to deactivation by oxidation, larger crystallites (10 nm) have a higher resistance to oxidation than smaller crystallites (< 2 nm).
Survival of the Fittest: Competitive Co‐crystal Reactions in the Ball Mill
Authors: Fischer Franziska , Joester Maike , Rademann Klaus , Emmerling Franziska
Published: September 2015

The driving forces triggering the formation of co‐crystals under milling conditions were investigated by using a set of multicomponent competitive milling reactions. In these reactions, different active pharmaceutical ingredients were ground together with a further compound acting as coformer. The study was based on new co‐crystals including the coformer anthranilic acid. The results of the competitive milling reactions indicate that the formation of co‐crystals driven by intermolecular recognition are influenced and inhibited by kinetic aspects including the formation of intermediates and the stability of the reactants.
Target‐Specific Capture of Environmentally Relevant Gaseous Aldehydes and Carboxylic Acids with Functional Nanoparticles
Authors: Campbell McKenzie L. , Guerra Fernanda D. , Dhulekar Jhilmil , Alexis Frank , Whitehead Daniel C.
Published: September 2015

Aldehyde and carboxylic acid volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present significant environmental concern due to their prevalence in the atmosphere. We developed biodegradable functional nanoparticles comprised of poly(d,l‐lactic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ethyleneimine) (PDLLA‐PEG‐PEI) block co‐polymers that capture these VOCs by chemical reaction. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) preparation involved nanoprecipitation and surface functionalization with branched PEI. The PDLLA‐PEG‐PEI NPs were characterized by using TGA, IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and TEM. The materials feature 1°, 2°, and 3° amines on their surface, capable of capturing aldehydes and carboxylic acids from gaseous mixtures. Aldehydes were captured by a condensation reaction forming imines, whereas carboxylic acids were captured by acid/base reaction. These materials reacted selectively with target contaminants obviating off‐target binding when challenged by other VOCs with orthogonal reactivity. The NPs outperformed conventional activated carbon sorbents.
Organic Dyes with Well‐Defined Structures for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitised Solar Cells Based on a Cobalt Electrolyte
Authors: Seo Kang Deuk , Choi In Tack , Kim Hwan Kyu
Published: September 2015

Seven SGT organics dyes, containing bis‐dimethylfluoreneyl amino groups with a dialkoxyphenyl unit as an electron donor and a cyanoacrylic acid group as an anchoring group, connected with oligothiophenes, fused thiophenes and benzothiadiazoles as π‐bridges, were designed and synthesised for applications in dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on organic dyes with oligothiophenes depends on the molecular structure of the dyes, in terms of the length change of the π‐bridging units. The best performance was found with a π‐bridge length of about 6 Å. To further enhance the photovoltaic performance associated with this concept, cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) and benzothiadiazole were introduced into the π‐bridge unit. As a result, the DSSC based on the organic dye containing the CPDT moiety showed the best photovoltaic performance with a short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.1 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.84 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 8.61 % under standard AM 1.5 irradiation.
A Remarkably Simple Class of Imidazolium‐Based Lipids and Their Biological Properties
Authors: Wang Da , Richter Christian , Rühling Andreas , Drücker Patrick , Siegmund Daniel , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Glorius Frank , Galla Hans‐Joachim
Published: September 2015

A series of imidazolium salts bearing two alkyl chains in the backbone of the imidazolium core were synthesized, resembling the structure of lipids. Their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and eukaryotic cell lines including tumor cells. It is shown that the length of alkyl chains in the backbone is vital for the antibiofilm activities of these lipid‐mimicking components. In addition to their biological activity, their surface activity and their membrane interactions are shown by film balance and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The structure–activity relationship indicates that the distinctive chemical structure contributes considerably to the biological activities of this novel class of lipids.
A General, Practical Triethylborane‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbonyl Functions to Alcohols
Authors: Peng Dongjie , Zhang Mintao , Huang Zheng
Published: September 2015

A combination of the abundant and low‐cost triethylborane and sodium alkoxide generates a highly efficient catalyst for reduction of esters, as well as ketones and aldehydes, to alcohols using an inexpensive hydrosilane under mild conditions. The catalyst system exhibits excellent chemoselectivity and a high level of functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies revealed a resting state of sodium triethylalkoxylborate that is the product of the reaction of BEt3 with sodium alkoxide. This borate species reacts with hydrosilane to form NaBEt3H, which rapidly reduces esters.
A Modular Synthesis of Conformationally Preorganised Extended β‐Strand Peptidomimetics
Authors: Yamashita Tohru , Knipe Peter C. , Busschaert Nathalie , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D.
Published: September 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Andrew D. Hamilton and Sam Thompson at the University of Oxford (UK). The image depicts a new class of conformationally constrained β‐strand mimetics mediating the interaction between two subunits of a protein that controls transcription. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201501366.
Chinese guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of primary lung cancer (2015 version)
Authors: Zhi Xiu‐Yi , Yu Jin‐Ming , Shi Yuan‐Kai
Published: September 2015

These guidelines update the Chinese Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Lung Cancer (2011 Version) released by the former Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this work is to standardize the diagnosis and treatment protocols of primary lung cancer and enhance the related practice at medical institutions in order to improve the prognosis of patients with primary lung cancer and the quality and safety of health care services.
Tobacco and China: The worst is yet to come
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Bernardo Brittany M. , Khuri Fadlo R.
Published: September 2015

In this special issue of Cancer, we feature a telling, and we believe insightful, glimpse into the impact tobacco use has had on China. Together, the articles presented paint a grim picture of the future of tobacco‐related cancers in China unless immediate, comprehensive measures are implemented within the country to significantly reduce tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke.
Comparative study of different methods for the assessment of print mottle
Authors: Jurič Ivana , Karlović Igor , Novaković Dragoljub , Tomić Ivana
Published: September 2015

Print mottle is a print defect that occurs more or less on prints and has a negative influence on the evenness in print. Several methods to assess print mottle have been proposed. In this article, we analyzed three methods for print mottle evaluation: Histogram Mottle Macro, Gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and M‐score. The aim was to compare them and to determine their relation to perceived non‐uniformity obtained by visual assessment. In the experimental part, we printed four different substrates with different optical properties with digital printing machine based on electrophotographic process. The surface of papers was characterized by measuring optical paper properties. The results obtained in this study suggest that GLCM method should be used for print mottle assessment. This method has the strongest correlation with the visual experience of print mottle. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 493–499, 2016
Seasonal and emotional associations of the colours and their effects on directing the Turkish fashion
Authors: Arik Buket , Sato Tetsuya , Sarikaya Gulsah , Ikiz Yuksel
Published: September 2015

This article suggests a potential scientific approach in finding colour effects on human emotions and seasonal associations. A visual assessment of the colour samples was carried out with the help of Turkish observers in Denizli, Turkey. From the study, it was found that Turkish four season colours of spring, summer, autumn and winter were bright green, vivid yellow, dull yellow and dark grayish brown respectively. Moreover, the colour data were arranged in terms of gender and age of the observers. In this analysis, it was observed that the colour preferences changed according to the gender and age of the observers. For instance, the top spring colour preference of young ladies were vivid bluish green, light blue and bright purple, on the other hand the top spring colour preference of adult ladies was light yellow green and the top spring colour preference of young and adult men was bright green. In the study, the observers were also asked about elicited emotional associations of the main colours on their mind and the data were collected in a table. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 523–529, 2016
Delegation of signing rights for emerging 5G networks
Authors: Ge Yongyong , Li Yannan , Liu Zhusong
Published: September 2015

5G mobile networks are promising to offer mobile users unrivaled experiences with infinite networking capability at any period and from anywhere. However, it appears unnecessary and impractical for the customers and servers to be connected permanently in wireless networks because battery life is a bottleneck in such kind of networks. Therefore, the authorized entity needs to delegate its right to others in order to ensure the services available. This paper aims to address the issue of delegating authentication in 5G networks by proposing a new proxy signature scheme with efficient proxy signing operations. Concretely, we present a new and efficient proxy signature algorithm whose unforgeability can be reduced to the well‐known discrete logarithm assumption. In the proposal, the original signer delegates his signing right by signing an exposure‐free chameleon hash value on the warrant, and the proxy signer can generate a proxy signature on a message only by calculating a chameleon hash collision between the warrant and the message. This approach is computationally cost‐effective for the proxy signer. Further analysis of the new scheme demonstrates that it offers the desirable properties of delegation of signing sights. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Execution of compound multi‐kernel OpenCL computations in multi‐CPU/multi‐GPU environments
Authors: Soldado Fábio , Alexandre Fernando , Paulino Hervé
Published: September 2015

Current computational systems are heterogeneous by nature, featuring a combination of CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). As the latter are becoming an established platform for high‐performance computing, the focus is shifting towards the seamless programming of these hybrid systems as a whole. The distinct nature of the architectural and execution models in place raises several challenges, as the best hardware configuration is behavior and workload dependent. In this paper, we address the execution of compound, multi‐kernel, open computing language computations in multi‐CPU/multi‐GPU environments. We address how these computations may be efficiently scheduled onto the target hardware, and how the system may adapt itself to changes in the workload to process and to fluctuations in the CPU's load. An experimental evaluation attests the performance gains obtained by the conjoined use of the CPU and GPU devices, when compared with GPU‐only executions, and also by the use of data‐locality optimizations in CPU environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of the Search Space for the Folding of Proteins at the Level of Formation and Assembly of Secondary Structures: A New View on the Solution of Levinthal′s Paradox
Authors: Finkelstein Alexei V. , Garbuzynskiy Sergiy O.
Published: September 2015

The complete volume of the protein conformation space is, by many orders of magnitude, smaller at the level of secondary structure elements than that at the level of amino acid residues; the latter, according to Levinthal′s estimate, scales approximately as 102 L, with L being the number of residues in the chain, whereas the former, as demonstrated in this paper, scales no faster than ∼LN, with N being the number of the secondary structure elements, which is approximately equal to L/15. This drastic decrease in the exponent (L/15 instead of 2 L) explains why sampling of the conformation space does not contradict the ability of the protein chain to find its most stable fold.
Malignancy risk for the categories: Non‐diagnostic, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant used in the categorization of endobronchial ultrasound guided‐fine needle aspirates of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Dodd Leslie , Witt Ben
Published: September 2015

Background

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EBUS‐FNA) is frequently used for the workup of pulmonary nodules. While no universally accepted diagnostic classification exists, many cytopathologists use the categories: Non‐diagnostic, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant. Sensitivity and specificity for the EBUS technique have been documented, but little information is available for malignancy risk associated with these categories.

Methods

Departments of Pathology records at the University of Utah and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill were searched for EBUS‐FNAs of pulmonary nodules. Cases with surgical follow‐up were selected. Cytologic diagnosis and subsequent surgical diagnosis were correlated and malignancy risk calculated for each category. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

155 EBUS‐FNAs with surgical follow‐up were obtained. Risks of malignancy were: Non‐diagnostic 40%, benign 24%, atypical 54%, suspicious for malignancy 82% and malignant 87%. Sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 84% respectively for surgically confirmed cytologic diagnoses when indeterminate categories were excluded.

Conclusion

The diagnostic categories are associated with increasing risk of malignancy running from non‐diagnostic to malignant. The non‐diagnostic category has a significant risk of malignancy. While the risk of malignancy for a benign diagnosis is substantial (24%), it is significantly less than that associated with an atypical or suspicious diagnosis. A suspicious diagnosis carries a risk for malignancy essentially the same as a malignant diagnosis. The categories atypical and suspicious appear to have substantially different risks for malignancy (54% vs.82%). The atypical category has twice the risk of malignancy as benign. This risk stratification may be useful for patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:892–896. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.