bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree Improvement in Canada – past, present and future, 2023 and beyond
Authors: Thomas Barb R. , Stoehr Michael , Schreiber Stefan G. , Benowicz Andy , Schroeder William R. , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Stefner Chris , Elliott Ken A. , Philis Newton , Roubal Ngaire , Périnet Pierre , Perron Martin , Simpson Dale , Fullarton Michele , Sherrill Josh , Myers Mary , Steeves David , Bockstette Simon , English Basil , Kort John
Published: February 2024

This paper consolidates the most current information available on tree improvement in Canada and provides a summary of key historical events leading to its development and expansion across the country. The most recent publication on the topic was by Fowler and Morgenstern (1990) compiled over 30 years ago. Since that time, many things have changed and new technologies, such as the increasing use and adoption of genomics, have become part of the tool-box of tree breeders in forestry and natural resource management. This paper provides information on the status of tree improvement programs including their history, objectives, seed production, future outlook and other performance measures by province across Canada.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTERING AGENCY'S (BPJS) PATIENT REFERRAL SYSTEM AT PIDIE DISTRICT HEALTH CENTER.
Authors:   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia, Saputra Irwan ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Zaman Nasrul ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Yani M. ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Usman Said ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
Published: February 2024

Background: The referral system is still a problem in the health sector and its implementation is still not in accordance with existing regulations. This can be seen from the still high number of referrals at community health centres. There are several things that cause the referral rate to remain high, such as a lack of understanding by health workers regarding the vertical referral system and horizontal referral system. Many patients also lack information about referrals, which results in these patients tending to prefer to receive secondary services. Objective: To find out how to implement the Health Insurance Administering Agency (BPJS) patient referral system at the Pidie Regency health centre. Research Method: This research is qualitative research. As for There were 12 informants related to the implementation of the referral system determined in this research. Results: The referral implementation that has been carried out at 3 community health centres in the Aceh Pidie area is a tiered referral from the community health centre to the hospital with a choice of hospitals according to the needs of the patient's medical condition and the hospital contained in the P Care application. Obstacles faced by community health centres in implementing the referral system include requests for referrals by patients and the referral process not yet running optimally from specialist doctors on duty at the hospital. Suggestion: Researchers suggest that the head of the community health centre should carry out monitoring and evaluation every month to be able to take intervention measures in an effort to provide training for the P Care application staff at the health centre and supporting community health centres so that the P Care application data input will be controlled every month in inputting patient visit data so that the ratio can be achieved. referrals as expected, namely 15% every month.
Estrategias Innovadoras en la Rehabilitación de Tendinopatía del Supraespinoso
Authors: Guzmán Martínez Jeimy Lizbeth , Chiriboga Aguayo Gabriela Alexandra , Farinango Vinueza Gustavo Andrés , Herrera Tapia Esther Hilda
Published: February 2024

La tendinopatía del supraespinoso es una causa común de dolor y disfunción en el hombro, presentando desafíos significativos en su manejo. Esta revisión examina la eficacia de estrategias innovadoras, incluyendo la terapia por ondas de choque (TOS), electroestimulación y terapias basadas en células madre, para mejorar la funcionalidad del hombro y promover la regeneración del tejido tendinoso. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura reciente, seleccionando estudios que evaluaron los resultados clínicos de estas terapias en pacientes con tendinopatía del supraespinoso. Los hallazgos indican que estas intervenciones ofrecen beneficios significativos en la reducción del dolor y mejora de la movilidad, especialmente cuando se integran con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y movilidad en un enfoque de rehabilitación personalizado. Sin embargo, se destaca la necesidad de investigación adicional para establecer protocolos de tratamiento estandarizados y superar las limitaciones actuales como la heterogeneidad en los diseños de estudio. La revisión concluye que las terapias innovadoras presentan un potencial considerable para el tratamiento efectivo de la tendinopatía del supraespinoso, enfatizando la importancia de un enfoque basado en evidencia y la integración con métodos convencionales de rehabilitación.
Circular Economy and Tourism: A Bibliometric Journey Through Scholarly Discourse
Authors: Kabil Moaaz , Rahmat Al Fauzi , Hegedüs Mihály , Galovics Bernadett , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: February 2024

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the integration of circular economy principles into the tourism industry, utilizing 181 articles. Employing Scientific Production Performance Analysis and Network and Cluster Analysis, this research explores key dimensions such as authorship, sources, countries, institutions, and keywords. The findings revealed a growing body of literature focusing on the link between circular economy and tourism, although this connection is in its early stages. From circular economy perspective, waste management and recycling dimensions emerge as the most prominent aspects contributing to the discourse in tourism studies. Conversely, from the tourism perspective, nearly all facets of tourism concepts appear receptive to a circular economy, regardless of whether the studies pertain to tourism development or management. In conclusion, this study enriches our scholarly understanding of how circular economy principles intersect with tourism. It guides researchers toward key areas of interest, shaping future exploration for this dynamic scientific relationship.
El compromiso desde la óptica social e individual contra el cambio climático
Authors: Gonzales Vega Alex Andrés , Chica Tambaco Aníbal Javier , Álava Vélez Christian Enrique , Montaño Roldan Víctor Lenin , Ortiz Caicedo Pablo Luis
Published: February 2024

En la actualidad, con una crisis ambiental de consecuencias devastadoras, se deben replantear cuestiones elementales como, la forma correcta en que debe informarse y formarse al ser humano, para que logren adquirir las capacidades, competencias y conciencia necesaria para afrontar de manera critica el cambio climático como una realidad que afecta de manera negativa nuestro bienestar. En tal sentido, éste ensayo analiza el compromiso que desde la óptica social e individual contra el cambio climático debe asumir cada persona, entidad, institución y organización, puesto que de algún modo, todos hemos sido participes del deterioro sufrido por la naturaleza a través de los años de evolución económica y social en el escenario mundial, regional y local. Se hizo por ende indispensable realizar una revisión documental en diversas bases de datos de plataformas académicas y científicas confiables, de esta manera, a través de las herramientas digitales se tuvo acceso a conocimientos significativos de forma propicia y efectiva sobre la temática de interés. Debido a esto se puede generalizar que a razón de que todas las personas desde lo individual y colectivos somos de alguna manera corresponsables del deterioro del entorno natural, en consecuencia también tenemos la obligación de colaborar y cooperar con ahínco, desde nuestras regiones y áreas de desenvolvimiento diario, en el compromiso de trabajar por la reducción de las fuentes contaminantes del medio natural y lograr en la medida de lo posible minimizar el potencial impacto devastador del cambio climático en nuestras comunidades y con ello contribuir de forma efectiva en la sustentabilidad en el futuro cercano.
Experiences of Low-Income Students in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Basis in Conceptualizing a Student Support System
Authors: Navas Elena A.
Published: February 2024

This study described the experiences of low-income students with a focus on how they became successful or unsuccessful en route towards the completion of their academic degrees. The descriptive-qualitative type of research utilizing the multiple case study technique and purposive sampling was utilized. The results revealed a number of challenges ranging from academic, financial, to ethnic stereotyping. Based on the findings, successful students utilized a number of support systems. On the other hand, the absence of any support made a student unsuccessful. Much could be done by the university to help students succeed, from part-time employment and scholarship availability all year round to close monitoring as types of effective support services.
Exploring the Potentials and Essentials of Mobile-Aided Pedagogy in Teacher Education
Authors: Cacho Reynald M.
Published: February 2024

Mobile learning has found a niche in higher education setting where smartphones are increasingly penetrating campuses. This paper reports on the investigation of the influential factors for promoting the use of smartphone in teacher preparation programs in the higher education context. The essential factors for promoting the use of smartphone in teacher preparation programs in a small Philippine university are commonly overlooked or at times understudied. A qualitative interview of purposefully selected nine preservice teachers in a small teacher education institution was conducted. Interview responses treated qualitatively confirmed that the students' academic uses of smartphone and support of their university subject teachers are the practical benefits and enabling condition in smartphoneaided learning, respectively, alongside its share of disruptive tendencies and challenges. Perspectives about mobile-aided pedagogy and future study directions are then succinctly forwarded.
Questions Students Ask as Indices of their Comprehension
Authors: Collamar Ronelo , Karaan Alice M. , Palma Maria Sarah S.
Published: February 2024

This study investigated student-generated questions as indices of comprehension levels; employed the descriptive design to describe comprehension levels of 46 Grade 8 participants via their generated questions; employed question-generation sheets for both narrative and expository texts to gather data; utilized three phases to carry out the study; and used mean and percentages to report the data. Results revealed that: (1) the fivecomprehension levels ranked the same for both texts;  (2) questions on character traits surfaced in narrative but not in expository; (3) reorganization level obtained the lowest percentage for both texts; (4) few questions were exhibited under reorganization and appreciation levels; (5) schemata and metacognitive were employed; and (6) L1 aided them on question generation. The study concluded that comprehension is triggered when participants are given leeway to generate questions before, during, and after reading the selections. It recommended that: (1) student questions may be utilized; (2) a seminar on Barrett taxonomy may be introduced; and (3) future researchers may conduct a similar study.
Enhancing Academic Performance through Parental Involvement Strategies
Authors: Abulon Edna Luz R. , Saquilabon June Daffodil F.
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to enhance academic performance in Science through the conduct of several school activities in which the parents are invited to participate. The participants were students of Grade 9 Section 2 at Esteban Abada High School in Manila. The majority of the participants belong to the 15-17 age range. Parental involvement strategies such as giving certificates to top performing students in the class during card distribution, showcasing performance-based outputs in Science on a monthly basis and showing of a video on selected class experiences were done to encourage the parents to come to school and be involved in the activities of the students. Results showed that these interventions facilitated parental involvement. Generally, positive feedback information from the parents were elicited and promoted better understanding of their child's performance in school. A significant difference in the pre-testing and post testing which indicated improvement in academic performance was revealed in the study. Likewise, parents became more involved in home-based and school-based activities because of the conduct of the various strategies which have implicitly enhanced performance in science.
Developing Learning Skills through 5X+Y Shepherding Style
Authors: Borromeo George B. , David Adonis P.
Published: February 2024

This study is an action research grounded on the assumption that collaborative learning is an effective strategy for assisting students with very low achievement level in Mathematics. The main purpose of this action research was to describe the implementation and effects of the 5X+Y shepherding style in improving the academic performance of selected students in Mathematics VI within the structure of a remedial class. The 5X+Y strategy involves the pairing of one high performing pupil (Y) with five least performing pupils (X) who need assistance to upgrade their achievement level. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to address the main purpose of the action research. The one group pre-test/post test strategy was done to assess and compare students' performance before and after the intervention while interviews were conducted to determine the students' ideas and reflections on the use of the intervention approach.
Characterization of breast cancer detection programs in the Americas region with a focus on Ecuador
Authors: Campoverde Loor Carolina , Recalde-Navarrete Ricardo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women in the Americas Region, with 491 000 annual cases and approximately 106 391 deaths. In Ecuador, in 2020, there were 38,2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, with a mortality rate of 10,9  per 100 000 individuals, emphasizing the importance of early detection and access to effective treatments to reduce the morbimortality associated with this pathology.Methodology: astematic review of 58 922 scientific articles was conducted, from which, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 publications were selected from databases such as PubMed, BVS, SCOPE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and health websites of the six representative countries under study: the United States, Canada, Mexico, Uruguay, Brazil, and Ecuador. The collected data measured the impact and characteristics of breast cancer detection programs in relation to the reduction of mortality.Results: fifty percent of selected countries have active breast cancer detection programs, 33 % (equivalent to 2 nations) had protocols and clinical guidelines for prevention, and only one South American country was in the initial stage of implementing a sustainable pilot plan.Conclusion: in the Americas Region, it is crucial for governments to implement organized and accessible programs, ensuring universal access to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Ecuador must join this initiative, promoting prevention and public health through pragmatic policies to reduce mortality from breast cancer
Latina/x Faculty Awareness of Culturally Responsive Curricula Needed at a US Hispanic-Serving Institution
Authors: Hilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre
Published: February 2024

Latina/x faculty underrepresentation constitutes a challenge at higher education institutions, as they become aware that a diversified student body requires better teaching approaches. Latina/x faculty participants are determined to diversify the curriculum and pedagogy that represents and reflects the diversity within the student body at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) in the United States (U.S.). In doing so, Latina/x faculty are the critical piece that instills empowerment and leadership within their disciplines. This case study addresses the experiences of six Latina/x – five self-identified as women and one as a non-binary person – professors in different disciplines at an HSI at the southern U.S. border, who integrate culturally responsive curricula through values, attitudes, and beliefs. This curriculum approach makes the student learning process better situated in their personal, cultural, and social experiences. The findings reveal the necessity of innovating the curricula centered on social justice by integrating a wider variety of authors in course readings and activities. Also, implementing culturally connected and human-centered approaches in their courses was critical. The decolonization of the mainstream euro-centric patriarchal curriculum could be a step forward for HSIs to make more sense of their purpose and identity in better serving and informing students.
What Are We Learning from Impact Evaluation Studies about Teacher Incentives and Education Quality
Authors: Chi Jin , Velez Bustillo Eduardo
Published: February 2024

The quality of teachers is a determinant to the quality of the education system. Despite the significant increase in resources invested in teacher incentives, there is little robust empirical evidence on their effectiveness, especially showing attribution. This paper examines the international literature using Impact Evaluation (IE) studies to see what lessons can be learned, focusing specifically on a key education input: teacher incentives as a policy to motivate teachers and improve education quality in middle- and low-income developing countries. The review shows there are limited number of IE studies on teacher incentives at the preschool, primary and secondary education levels applying robust experimental design and the results are mixed. When incentives are used properly they can have a positive impact on the quality of education.  However, certification itself is not enough as a way to improve the quality of the education system; it is critical to develop reforms explicitly geared towards quality. Finally, although incentives can reduce teacher absenteeism, they do not always improve the quality of education outcomes.
A Conceptual Instructional Design Model for Executive Education
Authors: Blackburne Giles
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a conceptual instructional design (ID) model for executive education derived from business school good practice and education theory. A review of executive education literature finds that today’s executive education offerings are required to be real-world oriented, closely aligned with the demands of the post-pandemic workplace, attuned to the changing needs and circumstances of adult learners and sufficiently able to deliver immersive learning. A reconnaissance investigation of 14 top-ranked business schools identifies the most frequently adopted teaching and learning approaches in executive education considered as good practice for the sector. These include experiential learning, collaborative learning, and technology-enabled learning. The proposed conceptual instructional design model is rooted in these approaches alongside three key principles that underpin experiential learning, namely authenticity, reflection and collaboration. Moreover the model proposes ADDIE supported teaching approaches to ensure the realisation of these principles within an appropriate constructive learning environment (CLE). Informed by activity theory, an ‘activity system’ is presented as the outer shell of the model to ensure that an executive education-oriented CLE is informed by learner needs and authentic context.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE CO-OP CO-OP TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 DAMPAL SELATAN
Authors: Kahar Moh Jusri , Fitri Liza
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a positive effect of the Co-Op Co-Op type of Cooperative Learning Model on the mathematical communication skills of the students of SMP Negeri 2 Dampal Selatan. This research is a type of Pre Experimental Design research. The population and sample in this study were all seventh grade junior high school students. The instrument used to collect data was a mathematical communication ability test which was carried out before being treated (pretest) and after being treated (posttest) as well as observing the learning implementation sheet. Where the results of data analysis show that Ho is rejected, that is, there is an influence. The data analysis of this research is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing using the i one sample test. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive effect of the Co-Op Co-Op type of Cooperative Learning Model on the Mathematical Communication Ability of the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Dampal Selatan (medium category).
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) powder: acute toxicity, 90 days oral toxicity study and micronucleus assay in rodents
Authors: Rodeiro Idania , Remirez Diadelis , Flores Diana
Published: February 2024

Context: Sacha Inchi has been consumed for years by indigenous peoples. Meanwhile, its toxicological potential has not been sufficiently studied. Aims: To assess the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of Sacha Inchi powder obtained from Plukenetia volubilis L. Methods: A dose of 2000 mg/kg was orally administered to rats and mice and toxicity symptoms for 14 days were observed. In repeated dose study, the product was orally administered to Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Animals received 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of the product for 90 days. At the end, animals were sacrificed and samples were done for hematological and biochemical analysis, organ weighs and histopathological examination. Genotoxicity potential of Sacha Inchi powder was evaluated through micronucleus test in mice. Negative controls received the vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5%) used. Results: No morbidity or mortality at 2000 mg/kg of the product were found. Sacha Inchi powder oral administration during 90 days to rats did not lead to death, body weight gain, food consumption, or adverse events. No significant changes on hematological or biochemical parameters, organ weights or histopathological findings were observed. Induction of micronucleus formation attributable to the product was not found in mice. Conclusions: No toxicity effects after oral acute exposure of Sacha Inchi power to rats and mice were observed. Neither toxicity attributable to oral doses of the product up to 500 mg/kg during 90 days to rats were found. Results suggested Sacha Inchi powder does not have genotoxicity potential under our experimental conditions.
Spray drying of shark liver oil pool: Effects on physical-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity
Authors: García Caridad M. , Fernández Mirna , López Orestes D. , Delgado-Roche Livan , Nogueira Antonio , Castiñeira Mirta , Medrano Esteban A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Spray-drying is a technique used to produce encapsulated products, thus improving the stability of components as well as their organoleptic characteristics. Aims: To evaluate the effect of microencapsulation of shark liver oil pool by spray drying on its physical-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity. Methods: A mix design was created with a constant load of oil, made possible by controlling the proportion between chitosan acetate and maltodextrin. Loss on drying, encapsulation efficiency and yield were determined for the microcapsules. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis was used in order to determine the vitamin A content in microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated oil, as well as its delivery from the dried product. Vitamin A was the active compound used as a chemical marker. The following parameters were also evaluated: organoleptic characteristics, moisture content, particle size, surface morphology and antioxidant capacity. Results: The encapsulation efficiency of microencapsulated oil increased slightly as the concentration of chitosan acetate increased. In order to achieve a greater encapsulation efficiency and a lower moisture content in microencapsulated oil, the proportion between chitosan acetate and maltodextrin should be maintained at 35% and 35% each, according to established manufacturing conditions. Both polymers prevent oil from leaving the droplet. This is a very important factor in storage stability of vitamins and fatty acids, which are subject to oxidative deterioration. Conclusions: Spray-drying microencapsulation of pool oil does not affect vitamin A content or delivery; fatty acid content and antioxidant capacity are also not affected.
IgM antibody and colony fungal load impacts of orally administered ethanol extract of Plectranthus scutellarioides on mice with systemic candidiasis
Authors: Karo Marni Br. , Hatta Mochammad , Patellongi Ilhamjaya , Natzir Rosdiana , Tambaip Titus
Published: February 2024

Context: Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which presents significant clinical problems in immunocompromised patients. There are no studies that correlate IgM antibody responses and fungal loads following the use of ethanol leaf extract of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. (ELEP) on VVC. Aims: To examine colony fungi loads, IgM antibody responses, and their correlation in Balb/c mice infected with C. albicans treated with orally administered ELEP. Methods: Twenty-five female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (five mice in each group): normal group (oral ELEP + not infected), VVC control (VCC) group (infected + oral 0.2 mL saline), ketoconazole-treated in VCC group (infected + oral antifungal agents), and two treatment groups (infected + oral ELEP with 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w.). Treatments were administered for 14 days after infection with C. albicans. Colony fungal loads and IgM antibodies were measured by counting colony forming units and flow cytometry using anti-C. albicans antibody kits, respectively. Results: Ingestion of the ELEP significantly affected fungal load clearance and decreased IgM antibody levels compared to that in the VCC group (p<0.001). Furthermore, ingestion of the ELEP was associated with significantly lower concentrations of IgM antibodies and colony forming units (p<0.001). Conclusions: These data strongly suggest that IgM antibody response is involved in of the mechanism by which ELEP decreases C. albicans infection. Furthermore, these results provide important information for the potential application of ELEP in the treatment of Balb/C mice with systemic candidiasis.
Pinus sylvestris L. and other conifers as natural sources of ascorbic acid
Authors: Raal Ain , Nisuma Katrin , Meos Andres
Published: February 2024

Context: There is a widespread opinion that needles of conifers are a good source of ascorbic acid and may help to cure and prevent scurvy. Aims: To determine the content of ascorbic acid in needles and shoots of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Juniperus communis and several other conifers. Methods: Ascorbic acid content was analyzed by HPLC: aminocolumn 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm; mobile phase acetonitrile and 0.05 M KH2PO4 (75:25), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, detection at 266 nm. Results: The fresh needles contained more (10.8 x 10-3%) of ascorbic acid than the fresh shoots (5.4 x 10-3%) of the same P. sylvestris tree. In needles collected during one year with monthly intervals from the same pine tree the content of vitamin C varied from 0.5 x 10-3% to 15.7 x 10-3%. The needles gathered in winter from November to March contained much more of ascorbic acid (5.2-15.7 x 10-3%) than needles collected during warmer season (0.5-2.8 x 10-3%). The fresh needles of compared conifers (n=11) contained ascorbic acid from 0% (Tuja occidentalis) to 15.0 x 10-3% (Tsuga canadensis), needles of J. communis contained ascorbic acid a little more (13.3 x 10-3%) than needles of P. sylvestris, P. abies and Microbiota decussata (9.0-10.8 x 10-3%). Conclusions: The concentration of ascorbic acid in needles and shoots of studied conifers is rather low if compared to other natural sources of vitamin C. Fresh plant material of P. sylvestris, P. abies and J. communis contained more ascorbic acid than frozen material. The concentration of ascorbic acid in needles of these three trees was higher than in shoots.
Medicinal plants consumption by patients under psychological treatment in a municipality in Chile
Authors: Ramírez-Tagle Rodrigo , Ávalos Vladimir , Silva Elizabeth , Martínez Félix , Valladares Macarena
Published: February 2024

Context: High levels of mental illness are found today in the population of Chile and the consumption of medicinal herbs could be included in the scope of complementary therapies for the treatment of mental illnesses. In Chile there is no information respect to consumption of medicinal herbs in patients under psychological treatment. Aims: To characterize the consumption of medicinal herbs by patients treated in a mental health clinic. Methods: In this quantitative cross-sectional study (n = 100), patients were administered a closed-response survey to determine the frequency of medicinal plant consumption as complementary treatment and subsequently to characterize such consumption. Results: Among the patients surveyed, 36% consumed medicinal herbs to treat a psychological pathology as a complementary treatment. Among those who consumed medicinal herbs, 65% consumed Cannabis sativa (marijuana) either exclusively (42%) or in conjunction with other plants (23%), 80% reported that their therapist was aware of this behavior, and 35% consumed medicinal herbs once or twice a day. Conclusions: In the present study, there was significant use of medicinal plants by patients treated at the mental health clinic, especially marijuana consuming. This demonstrates the importance of recognizing citizens´ right to free and equal access to healthcare and acknowledging the responsibility of the state to ensure the safety and quality of the services offered to the population.
Antimalarial activity of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants in mice
Authors: Bobasa Eshetu M. , Alemu Biniyam G. , Berkessa Shibiru T. , Gemechu Moti Y. , Fufa Fanta G. , Cari Gemechu Z. , Rike Wote A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Parasites are the leading killers in subtropical areas of which malaria took the lion share from protozoan diseases. Measuring the impact of antimalarial drug resistance is difficult, and the impact may not be recognized until it is severe, especially in high transmission areas. Aims: To evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of the roots of Piper capense and Adhatoda schimperiana, against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods: Four-day suppressive and curative test animal models were used to explore the antimalarial activities of the plants. 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of each plant extract was administered to check the activities versus vehicle administered mice. Mean survival time and level of parasitemia were the major variables employed to compare the efficacy vs. negative control. Results: In both models the 400 and 600 mg/kg doses of Adhatoda schimperiana and the 600 mg/kg dose Piper capense. showed significant parasitemia suppression and increased in mean survival time at p≤0.05. The middle dose of Piper capense had a border line inhibition where the extracts were considered active when parasitemia was reduced by ≥ 30%. Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extracts of the roots of Adhatoda schimperiana and Piper capense possess moderate antimalarial activities, which prove its traditional claims. Thus, further studies should be done to isolate the active constituents for future use in the modern drug discovery.
Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic with cardiac actions on isolated rat hearts
Authors: Galán-Martínez Loipa , Calderín-Pulido Alberto D. , Fleites-Vázquez Alicia , Álvarez Julio L.
Published: February 2024

Context: Ciprofloxacin is the most commonly used fluoroquinolone and is prescribed as the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of several microbial infections. Some clinical reports have suggested that ciprofloxacin may induce QT-interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias. This drug is a weak inhibitor of a rapid component of the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current IKr, but there are few electrophysiological data available to assess whether ciprofloxacin has the potency to provoke QT prolongation and subsequent Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias. Aims: To evaluate the effect of ciprofloxacin on the contractile and electrical activity of isolated rat hearts. Methods: The Langendorff technique was performed in rat hearts, and the effects of ciprofloxacin (0.001 - 100 μM) were measured on the cardiac force of contraction and on the RR, QRS and QTc intervals. The arrhythmogenic potential and the ventricular fibrillation threshold were evaluated with ciprofloxacin. Results: Ciprofloxacin decreased the force of contraction of all hearts studied, in a concentration-dependent manner. The estimated IC50 for the inotropic negative effect was 0.15 ± 0.04 μM. Ciprofloxacin significantly prolonged the QRS complex, QTc and RR interval. Significant arrhythmic effects with ciprofloxacin were shown and the ventricular fibrillation threshold was decreased. Conclusions: These results suggest that ciprofloxacin exerted effects on cardiac Na+, K+ and Ca2+ channels. The actions of ciprofloxacin require further studies at the cellular level. These conclusions may account for clinical data that have been reported previously.
Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Paeonia mascula extract
Authors: Bribi Noureddine
Published: February 2024

Context: Paeonia mascula is used in traditional medicine in North of Algeria for its anti-inflammatory activity. Aims: To evaluate the analgesic and the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of Paeonia mascula (EPM) in mice. Methods: The analgesic activity of EPM was evaluated on the chemical nociception in the animal models of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced hind paw licking/biting, whereas xylene-induced ear edema and multiapplication of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) were used to determine anti-inflammatory effects of EPM. Results: EPM (100 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of pain-related behaviors elicited by acetic acid. Also, EPM reduced both early and late phases of the formalin test. However, its inhibitory effect was more significant on tonic inflammatory phase, may be related to the anti-inflammatory abilities of this extract. Also, EPM decreased ear edema in acute and sub-chronic models used in the present study. Conclusions: These findings suggest the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Paeonia mascula presents significant anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects on chemical behavioral models of nociception and inflammation in mice.
Evaluation of combinations of essential oils and essential oils with hydrosols on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Hay Yann-Olivier , Abril-Sierra Miguel A. , Sequeda-Castañeda Luis G. , Bonnafous Catherine , Raynaud Christine
Published: February 2024

Context: Essential oils (EO) are commonly extracted from plants by steam distillation in which an aqueous phase called hydrosol (HD) is obtained. Unlike EO, hydrosol studies have been limited despite the interest of the food, cosmetic and phytotherapeutic industries to find natural preservative alternatives to synthetic ones. Aims: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacies of combinations of essential oils (EOs) and essential oils and hydrosols (HDs) of Lippia alba, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris. Methods: The EOs and HDs were characterized by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Then, they were screened against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using the microdilution method for the four first strains and the agar diffusion method for Aspergillus niger. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using ABTS method. Results: Interactions between essential oils, and essential oils and hydrosols were found to be as microbicide, and for the first time, antioxidant using the fractional inhibitory concentration. When compared with individual EOs, EO-EO combinations diminished the microbicide minimum concentration. Conclusions: The Thymus vulgaris EO-HD combination, in comparison with individual extracts, diminishes by four times the MBC against Escherichia coli and decrease by half their antioxidant capacity.
Comparison of the physicochemical properties and in vivo bioavailability of generic and innovator artemether-lumefantrin tablets in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Kuntworbe Noble , Acquah Francis A. , Johnson Raphael , Ofori-Kwakye Kwabena
Published: February 2024

Context: Malarial remains a leading course of death in developing countries. Current treatment protocol involves the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy. In endemic areas, cost of treatment is a concern hence generic prescription is on the high. It is therefore necessary to investigate how equivalent or otherwise the generics are to the innovator brand Coatem®. Aims: To compare the physicochemical properties and in vivo bioavailability of a locally manufactured generic artemether-lumefantrine tablet formulation and that of the innovator brand sold on the Kumasi market, Ghana. Methods: The most used locally manufactured generic and the innovator brands were sampled from retail pharmacies. The samples were confirmed by colorimetry. Pharmaceutical equivalence of the brands was determined using compendial tests. In vivo bioavailability study on the two brands was done using a two-period, single dose, cross-over design involving 20 healthy rabbits. Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-72, AUC0-∞, and Cmax) for both brands derived from the study were analysed statistically. Results: Both the generic and innovator brands passed the physicochemical tests. The artemether component of both brands complied with the pharmacopoeia specification for dissolution testing while the lumefantrine did not. Average bioequivalence was demonstrated per the FDA criterion with the geometric mean ratios and corresponding 90% confidence intervals falling within the acceptable limits of 0.80 – 1.25. Conclusions: Based on the similarity demonstrated between the two brands, evidence have been shown to support substitutability of the often-expensive innovator brand with the affordable locally produced brand.
Direct actions of the flavonoids naringenin, quercetin and genistein on rat cardiac and vascular muscles
Authors: Galán-Martínez Loipa , Herrera-Estrada Idalia , leites-Vázquez Alicia F
Published: February 2024

Context: Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitous in plants. Numerous prospective epidemiological studies have found beneficial effects of flavonoid consumption on overall cardiovascular mortality. These effects have been attributed to nonspecific antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic and antithrombotic properties of flavonoids. However, little is known about direct actions of flavonoids on cardiac and vascular smooth muscles. Aims: To evaluate the effects of three flavonoids (naringenin, quercetin and genistein) on electrical and contractile activities of isolated rat hearts and on contraction of rat abdominal aortic rings. Methods: Surface electrogram (ECG) and force of contraction (FC) were recorded in isolated rat hearts. The ventricular fibrillation threshold was evaluated with the flavonoids. The effects on aortic contraction were assessed in rat abdominal aortic rings pre-contracted with 60 mM of KCl. Results: Genistein tended to prolong the QT interval while naringenin tended to decrease it. The effects of all flavonoids on QRS and RR interval were mild and not statistically significant. Genistein and naringenin produced a negative inotropic effect in isolated rat hearts with an IC50 of 13.8 μM and 33.8 μM, respectively. Quercetin at low concentrations had a positive inotropic effect; at high concentrations, it exerted a negative inotropic effect. Naringenin and quercetin increased the threshold for ventricular fibrillation, whereas genistein decreased it. Naringenin, quercetin, and genistein induced concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings. Conclusions: These flavonoids have direct actions on rat cardiac and vascular smooth muscles.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. leaves against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Chaudhary Sachin , Gupta Ramesh K. , Kumar Amit , Tarazi Hamadeh
Published: February 2024

Context: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae) leaf are used in treatment of malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fever and enlargement of spleen; however, there is paucity of information on its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential. Aims: To evaluate hepatoprotective and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Methods: After collection and authentication of the vegetal material, ethanolic extract was collected. The combination of antitubercular drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatoprotective effect was evaluated at doses 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight by estimating the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and levels of total bilirubin (TBL). The effects on lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. Docking study was conducted to anticipate the probable biological targets associated with its hepatoprotective effect. Results: The plant extract dose of 500 mg/kg, body weight significantly declined the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TBL at (p < 0.001), which is approximately corresponding to the dose of reference compound silymarin and reversed the levels of LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT as compared to silymarin dose. Histopathological studies revealed regeneration of hepatocytes. The docking results suggested that some active constituents of plant leaves potentially interact with human pregnane X receptor, human constitutive androstane receptor and the farnesoid X receptor. Conclusions: The extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. remarkably possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect and evinced its traditional claim. Future studies should be done to isolate active phytoconstituents for use in drug discovery.
Optimization of genistein and daidzein extraction from a tempeh-fermented product of soybean
Authors: Yuliani Sri H. , Gani Michael R. , Istyastono Enade P. , Riswanto Florentinus D.O.
Published: February 2024

Context: Genistein and daidzein, major isoflavone aglycone compounds contained in tempeh, became an interesting subject since their activities as cancer prevention, cardiovascular, and wound healing agents. It is important to develop an efficient extraction method to obtained genistein and daidzein from tempeh. Aims: To optimize extraction process of the two compounds from dried tempeh. Methods: The full factorial design was used to analyze the effect of combining factors affecting the extraction process. Genistein and daidzein analysis have been performed by using a C18 column of Phenomenex® (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and a mobile phase containing methanol:distilled water (70:30). The detection was carried out at 261 nm with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min in the isocratic reverse-phase HPLC system. Results: The analytical method was validated according to AOAC guidelines including the parameters of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Conclusions: The optimal extraction condition was achieved at the ethanol concentration of 96%, the particle size of 0.6 mm and extraction time of 270 minutes. Total amount obtained from the extraction method was 26.03 mg% and 19.42 mg% for genistein and daidzein, respectively.
Influence of crosslinker concentration on the characteristics of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres
Authors: Hariyadi Dewi M. , Purwanti Tutiek , Adilla Safira
Published: February 2024

Context: Microspheres have several advantages including protecting proteins from degradation and clearance after administration and produce a long-term therapeutic effect. Erythropoietin as a neuroprotectant agent has protein-like properties, which are susceptible to degradation and have low in vivo bioavailability. Microspheres formulations is one of potential drug delivery system for erythropoietin. Aims: To evaluate the effect of CaCl2 concentration on the characteristics (particle size, morphology, swelling index, and yield) of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres. Methods: Erythropoietin-alginate microspheres prepared by ionotropic gelation method with aerosolization technique using sodium alginate as polymer and CaCl2 as crosslinker were dried using freeze drying method with maltodextrin as lyoprotectant. The concentrations of alginate used were 2%, and CaCl2 concentrations were 0.5 M(F1), 0.75 M(F2) and 1 M(F3). Results: Results showed smooth and spherical microspheres for all formula with average particle size were 3.23 ± 0.05 μm (F1); 2.99 ± 0.07 μm (F2); and 2.86 ± 0.03 μm (F3). Mass swelling index at 24 h were 1.25 ± 0.10 (F1), 1.18 ± 0.11 (F2), and 1.11 ± 0.10 (F3); at 30 h were 2.00 ± 1.25 (F1), 1.85 ± 0.14 (F2), and 1.72 ± 0.15 (F3) while particle size swelling index at 24 h were 1.15 ± 0.10 (F1), 1.11 ± 0.10 (F2), and 0.97 ± 0.10 (F3); at 30 h were 1.81 ± 0.09 (F1), 1.73 ± 0.15 (F2), and 1.54 ± 0.14 (F3). Respectively yield percentages were 77.76 ± 6.49, 80.01 ± 3.53, and 82.97 ± 4.22. By using One Way ANOVA, it was found that there were significantly differences between three formulas. Conclusions: The particle size of formulas decreased by increasing concentration of CaCl2, whereas no significant difference on swelling index and yield from microspheres with increasing CaCl2 concentration simultaneously.