bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyloidosis of the Lung
Authors: Khoor Andras , Colby Thomas V.
Published: January 2017

Context.—Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the deposition of congophilic amyloid fibrils in the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs. To date, 31 fibril proteins have been identified in humans, and it is now recommended that amyloidoses be named after these fibril proteins. Based on this classification scheme, the most common forms of amyloidosis include systemic AL (formerly primary), systemic AA (formerly secondary), systemic wild-type ATTR (formerly age-related or senile systemic), and systemic hereditary ATTR amyloidosis (formerly familial amyloid polyneuropathy). Three different clinicopathologic forms of amyloidosis can be seen in the lungs: diffuse alveolar-septal amyloidosis, nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, and tracheobronchial amyloidosis.

Objective.—To clarify the relationship between the fibril protein–based amyloidosis classification system and the clinicopathologic forms of pulmonary amyloidosis and to provide a useful guide for diagnosing these entities for the practicing pathologist.

Data Sources.—This is a narrative review based on PubMed searches and the authors' own experiences.

Conclusions.—Diffuse alveolar-septal amyloidosis is usually caused by systemic AL amyloidosis, whereas nodular pulmonary amyloidosis and tracheobronchial amyloidosis usually represent localized AL amyloidosis. However, these generalized scenarios cannot always be applied to individual cases. Because the treatment options for amyloidosis are dependent on the fibril protein–based classifications and whether the process is systemic or localized, the workup of new clinically relevant cases should include amyloid subtyping (preferably with mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis) and further clinical investigation.
Ablation of SNX6 leads to defects in synaptic function of CA1 pyramidal neurons and spatial memory
Authors: Niu Yang , Dai Zhonghua , Liu Wenxue , Zhang Cheng , Yang Yanrui , Guo Zhenzhen , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Chenchang , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Shi Yun S , Liu Jia-Jia
Published: January 2017

SNX6 is a ubiquitously expressed PX-BAR protein that plays important roles in retromer-mediated retrograde vesicular transport from endosomes. Here we report that CNS-specific Snx6 knockout mice exhibit deficits in spatial learning and memory, accompanied with loss of spines from distal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. SNX6 interacts with Homer1b/c, a postsynaptic scaffold protein crucial for the synaptic distribution of other postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins and structural integrity of dendritic spines. We show that SNX6 functions independently of retromer to regulate distribution of Homer1b/c in the dendritic shaft. We also find that Homer1b/c translocates from shaft to spines by protein diffusion, which does not require SNX6. Ablation of SNX6 causes reduced distribution of Homer1b/c in distal dendrites, decrease in surface levels of AMPAR and impaired AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission. These findings reveal a physiological role of SNX6 in CNS excitatory neurons.
Direct measurement of TRPV4 and PIEZO1 activity reveals multiple mechanotransduction pathways in chondrocytes
Authors: Rocio Servin-Vences M , Moroni Mirko , Lewin Gary R , Poole Kate
Published: January 2017

The joints of mammals are lined with cartilage, comprised of individual chondrocytes embedded in a specialized extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes experience a complex mechanical environment and respond to changing mechanical loads in order to maintain cartilage homeostasis. It has been proposed that mechanically gated ion channels are of functional importance in chondrocyte mechanotransduction; however, direct evidence of mechanical current activation in these cells has been lacking. We have used high-speed pressure clamp and elastomeric pillar arrays to apply distinct mechanical stimuli to primary murine chondrocytes, stretch of the membrane and deflection of cell-substrate contacts points, respectively. Both TRPV4 and PIEZO1 channels contribute to currents activated by stimuli applied at cell-substrate contacts but only PIEZO1 mediates stretch-activated currents. These data demonstrate that there are separate, but overlapping, mechanoelectrical transduction pathways in chondrocytes.
The paranodal cytoskeleton clusters Na+ channels at nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Amor Veronique , Zhang Chuansheng , Vainshtein Anna , Zhang Ao , Zollinger Daniel R , Eshed-Eisenbach Yael , Brophy Peter J , Rasband Matthew N , Peles Elior
Published: January 2017

A high density of Na+ channels at nodes of Ranvier is necessary for rapid and efficient action potential propagation in myelinated axons. Na+ channel clustering is thought to depend on two axonal cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between the axon and myelinating glia at the nodal gap (i.e., NF186) and the paranodal junction (i.e., Caspr). Here we show that while Na+ channels cluster at nodes in the absence of NF186, they fail to do so in double conditional knockout mice lacking both NF186 and the paranodal cell adhesion molecule Caspr, demonstrating that a paranodal junction-dependent mechanism can cluster Na+ channels at nodes. Furthermore, we show that paranode-dependent clustering of nodal Na+ channels requires axonal βII spectrin which is concentrated at paranodes. Our results reveal that the paranodal junction-dependent mechanism of Na+channel clustering is mediated by the spectrin-based paranodal axonal cytoskeleton.
DNA methylation and gene expression changes derived from assisted reproductive technologies can be decreased by reproductive fluids
Authors: Canovas Sebastian , Ivanova Elena , Romar Raquel , García-Martínez Soledad , Soriano-Úbeda Cristina , García-Vázquez Francisco A , Saadeh Heba , Andrews Simon , Kelsey Gavin , Coy Pilar
Published: January 2017

The number of children born since the origin of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) exceeds 5 million. The majority seem healthy, but a higher frequency of defects has been reported among ART-conceived infants, suggesting an epigenetic cost. We report the first whole-genome DNA methylation datasets from single pig blastocysts showing differences between in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Blastocysts were produced in vitro either without (C-IVF) or in the presence of natural reproductive fluids (Natur-IVF). Natur-IVF embryos were of higher quality than C-IVF in terms of cell number and hatching ability. RNA-Seq and DNA methylation analyses showed that Natur-IVF embryos have expression and methylation patterns closer to in vivo blastocysts. Genes involved in reprogramming, imprinting and development were affected by culture, with fewer aberrations in Natur-IVF embryos. Methylation analysis detected methylated changes in C-IVF, but not in Natur-IVF, at genes whose methylation could be critical, such as IGF2R and NNAT.
Buerger Test for Erythromelalgia Revisited
Authors: Wright William F. , Rajachandran Manu
Published: January 2017

Leo Buerger, MD, was the first to describe dependent rubor associated with marked atherosclerosis. Historically, dependent rubor has been described as erythromelalgia (or erythromelia), and terms such as chronic rubor, reactionary rubor, induced rubor, and hyperemic response have also been used to describe this sign associated with peripheral vascular disease. This brief review will reacquaint physicians with the Buerger test, which is used to assess arterial sufficiency, as well as erythromelalgia, and the proposed mechanisms responsible for erythromelalgia. The Buerger test is an important consideration when examining patients for erythromelalgia, which remains distinct from erythema associated with skin and soft-tissue infections.
Looping out loud: A multimodal analysis of humour on Vine
Authors: Marone Vittorio
Published: January 2017

Launched in 2013, Vine is a popular microblogging service that allows users to record, edit, and share six-second videos that loop ad libitum, until another video is selected. At this time, the communicative, expressive, and semiotic affordances of Vine and similar services have still to be fully explored by users and scholars alike. Through a multimodal analysis approach drawing on New London Group’s (1996) work, this paper investigates how people construct humour on Vine by artfully arranging different modes of expression. The analysis focused on user-enacted humour, as opposed to captured comical scenes or bare samples taken from TV shows or movies. The study hypothesises the social construction of a novel humorous language that draws on extant forms of humour and a variety of modes and techniques derived from audio-visual media and computer-mediated communication, as users inventively exploit the framework provided by the Vine platform. Findings show that users create instant characters to amplify the impact of their solo video recordings, use Vine as a “humorous confessional”, explore the potential of hand-held media by relying on “one hand and face” expressivity (the other hand holding the device for the video “selfie”), and use technology, internet slang, internet acronyms, emoticons/emojis, and hashtags to convey humour and complement the messages of the videos they post on Vine. The goal of this study is an exploratory analysis of humour and its discursive functions in an emergent social medium by considering its affordances, as users find new and creative ways to harness its expressive potential.
Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae): a new species, genus and family weed record for New South Wales
Authors: Duretto Marco F. , McCune Seanna , Luxton Reece , Milne Dennis
Published: January 2017

Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae) is newly recorded as a sparingly naturalised weed for New South Wales and represents new family, generic and species records for the state. Descriptions, notes and keys are provided for the family, genus and species.
Rediscovery and updated description of the enigmatic annual Hydrocotyle corynophora F.Muell. (Araliaceae)
Authors: Perkins Andrew
Published: January 2017

Hydrocotyle corynophora F.Muell. (Araliaceae), a rare species endemic to Western Australia, was recently rediscovered in the field and in the Western Australian herbarium (PERTH) collection. Prior to these rediscoveries, little was known about the extant nature of this species, since its description by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1890. In light of the availability of new voucher material held at PERTH, an updated description is provided, along with descriptions of habitat, phenology and a formal citation of Mueller’s holotype held at the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL).
Simplified Nutritional Scoring System Predicts Complicated Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Cheong Ju Yong , Darji Jigar , Falk Gregory L
Published: January 2017

Postoperative complications after major upper gastrointestinal surgery can be devastating. Malnutrition has been found to be an important risk factor for postoperative complications. However, trying to detect malnourished patients preoperatively can be cumbersome and complex, and is often not done. One simplified way of assessing nutritional status is the automated nutritional scoring (ANS) system. The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the ANS score and the postoperative outcome. The medical records of all patients undergoing major esophogastric and hepatobiliary surgeries at Concord Hospital between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 83 patients were operated and included Whipple procedure (20.5%); total/subtotal gastrectomy (44.6%); Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (18%); and distal pancreatectomy (14.5%). The mean ANS score was 1.58. Patients with higher ANS scores (2 or more) were found to have significantly higher rates of wound infection (41% versus 12%, P < 0.002); anastomotic leaks (13.7% versus 1.92%, P = 0.034); unexpected return to the operating room (31% versus 3.9%, P < 0.001); and slower return of bowel function compared to patients with low ANS scores (0 or 1). This study demonstrates the importance of screening for malnourished patients prior to their operation. Given its simplicity and effective predictive value, we recommend use of ANS.
The White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research
Authors: Mazure Carolyn M.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint explores the 2023 White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research, which seeks to change how women’s health research is approached and funded to improve the lives of women and the health of the nation.
Mapping the Evidence Supporting Digital Therapeutics
Authors: Amyx Melissa , Phi Ngan Thi Thuy , Alebouyeh Farzaneh , Ravaud Philippe , Tran Viet-Thi
Published: September 2024

This systematic review assesses the availability and temporality of evidence from effectiveness and efficacy studies for digital therapeutics.
Risk of Dementia Diagnosis After Injurious Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Ordoobadi Alexander J. , Dhanani Hiba , Tulebaev Samir R. , Salim Ali , Cooper Zara , Jarman Molly P.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Emerging evidence suggests that mild cognitive impairment, which is a precursor to Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), places older adults at increased risk for falls. However, the risk that an older adult develops dementia after experiencing a fall is unknown.

Objective

To determine the risk of new ADRD diagnosis after a fall in older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study examined Medicare Fee-for-Service data from 2014 to 2015, with follow-up data available for at least 1 year after the index encounter. Participants included adults aged 66 years and older who experienced a traumatic injury that resulted in an emergency department (ED) or inpatient encounter and did not have a preexisting diagnosis of dementia. Data analysis was performed from August 2023 to July 2024.

Exposures

Experiencing a fall compared with other mechanisms of injury, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 external cause of injury codes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The hazard of new ADRD diagnosis within 1 year of a fall, assessed by performing a Cox multivariable competing risk model that controlled for potential confounders while accounting for the competing risk of death.

Results

The study included 2 453 655 older adult patients who experienced a traumatic injury; 1 522 656 (62.1%) were female; 124 396 (5.1%) were Black and 2 232 102 (91.0%) were White; and the mean (SD) age was 78.1 (8.1) years. The mechanism of injury was a fall in 1 228 847 incidents (50.1%). ADRD was more frequently diagnosed within 1 year of a fall compared with other injury mechanisms (10.6% [129 910 of 1 228 847] vs 6.1% [74 799 of 1 224 808]; P < .001). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident dementia diagnosis after a fall was 1.63 (95% CI, 1.61-1.64; P < .001). On multivariable Cox competing risk analysis, falling was independently associated with an increased risk of dementia diagnosis among older adults (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.20-1.21]; P < .001) after controlling for patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and injury characteristics, while accounting for the competing risk of death. Among the subset of older adults without a recent skilled nursing facility admission, the HR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.26-1.28; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, new ADRD diagnoses were more common after falls compared with other mechanisms of injury, with 10.6% of older adults being diagnosed with ADRD in the first year after a fall. To improve the early identification of ADRD, this study’s findings suggest support for the implementation of cognitive screening in older adults who experience an injurious fall that results in an ED visit or hospital admission.
What Is Childhood Lymphoma?
Authors: Heneghan Mallorie B. , Castellino Sharon M. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: September 2024

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood lymphoma.
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and Disparities in Pediatric Asthma Care
Authors: Geissler Kimberley H. , Shieh Meng-Shiou , Ash Arlene S. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Krishnan Jerry A. , Goff Sarah L.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Nearly 6 million children in the US have asthma, and over one-third of US children are insured by Medicaid. Although 23 state Medicaid programs have experimented with accountable care organizations (ACOs), little is known about ACOs’ effects on longstanding insurance-based disparities in pediatric asthma care and outcomes.

Objective

To determine associations between Massachusetts Medicaid ACO implementation in March 2018 and changes in care quality and use for children with asthma.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using data from the Massachusetts All Payer Claims Database from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, we determined child-years with asthma and used difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates to compare asthma quality of care and emergency department (ED) or hospital use for child-years with Medicaid vs private insurance for 3 year periods before and after ACO implementation for children aged 2 to 17 years. Regression models accounted for demographic and community characteristics and health status. Data analysis was conducted between January 2022 and June 2024.

Exposure

Massachusetts Medicaid ACO implementation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were binary measures in a calendar year of (1) any routine outpatient asthma visit, (2) asthma medication ratio (AMR) greater than 0.5, and (3) any ED or hospital use with asthma. To determine the statistical significance of differences in descriptive statistics between groups, χ2 and t tests were used.

Results

Among 376 509 child-year observations, 268 338 (71.27%) were insured by Medicaid and 73 633 (19.56%) had persistent asthma. There was no significant change in rates of routine asthma visits for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured child-years post-ACO implementation (DiD, −0.4 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, −1.4 to 0.6 pp). There was an increase in the proportion with AMR greater than 0.5 for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured in the postimplementation period (DiD, 3.7 pp; 95% CI, 2.0-5.4 pp), with absolute declines in both groups postimplementation. There was an increase in any ED or hospital use for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured postimplementation (DiD, 2.1 pp; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0 pp), an 8% increase from the preperiod Medicaid use rate.

Conclusions and Relevance

Introduction of Massachusetts Medicaid ACOs was associated with persistent insurance-based disparities in routine asthma visit rates; a narrowing in disparities in appropriate AMR rates due to reductions in appropriate rates among those with private insurance; and worsening disparities in any ED or hospital use for Medicaid-insured children with asthma compared to children with private insurance. Continued study of changes in pediatric asthma care delivery is warranted in relation to major Medicaid financing and delivery system reforms.
Hijacking the BAF complex: the mechanistic interplay of ARID1A and EWS::FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Sohn Erich J. , Libich David S.
Published: September 2024

Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive pediatric cancer, is driven by the EWS::FLI1 fusion protein, which disrupts gene expression by hijacking the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Central to this mechanism is the formation of biomolecular condensates, mediated by the prion‐like domains (PrLDs) of EWS and ARID1A, a core BAF subunit. ARID1A serves as a critical interface between EWS::FLI1 and the BAF complex, with its condensate‐forming ability essential for the aberrant gene expression that drives tumor growth. The loss of condensate‐competent ARID1A significantly impairs tumor progression, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target. However, targeting condensate formation is challenging due to the transient nature of the interactions involved, complicating the development of effective inhibitors. This work underscores the importance of further investigation into therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting condensate formation in Ewing sarcoma and other related malignancies.
Natronocalculus
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Elcheninov Alexander G.
Published: September 2024

Na.tro.no.cal'cu.lus N.L. neut. n.
natron
, arbitrarily derived from the Arabic
natrun
or
natron
, soda; L. masc. n.
calculus
, pebble, gravel; N.L. masc. n.
Natronocalculus
, soda‐loving pebble‐shaped cells.

Halobacteriota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloferacaceae / Natronocalculus

The genus
Natronocalculus
is a member of the family
Halorubraceae
, order
Haloferacales
, and class
Halobacteria,
according to the NCBI classification, while recent changes in the taxonomy of the
Halobacteria
based on the Genome Taxonomy Database phylogenomic classification place
Natronocalculus
into the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
. The genus members are aerobic, extremely halophilic and moderately alkaliphilic, and saccharolytic archaea, utilizing various alpha‐glucans and sugars as carbon and energy sources. The genus currently includes a single species
Natronocalculus amylovorans
inhabiting hypersaline soda lakes. The genus three‐letter abbreviation is Ncl.

DNA G
 + 
C content (mol%)
: 51.5 (whole‐genome sequence of the type strain).

Type species
:
Natronocalculus amylovorans
Sorokin et al. 2022, VL211.
Piezoelectric Interaction Analysis and Load‐Deflection Prediction for Nonlinear Bending and Snap‐Through of Post‐Buckled FG Piezoelectric Beams
Authors: Luo Yongxin
Published: September 2024

Revealing the interaction effect in the nonlinear bending of post‐buckled functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric beams promotes the intelligent development of structural design. The nonlinear bending behavior of post‐buckled piezoelectric beams is studied. Based on the displacement field constructed by the refined beam model, the post‐buckling configuration is considered. The nonlinear geometric relationship and the constitutive relationship in the multi‐physical field are modeled. In the framework of the principle of minimum potential energy, the nonlinear static models of post‐buckled FG piezoelectric beams are established. The post‐buckling configuration is obtained by the extended two‐step perturbation method. To obtain the approximate solution for the static problems of the post‐buckled FG piezoelectric beam, the perturbation scheme of electric potential and generalized displacement is proposed. The detailed parametric analysis indicates the interaction mechanism in the nonlinear bending of the post‐buckled FG piezoelectric beam. The snap‐through process and its sensitive interval are further captured. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) technique developed for the nonlinear bending problem of post‐buckled FG piezoelectric beams achieves accurate prediction.
Effect of Sample‐Build Orientation on the Tensile Deformation and Properties of Ti6Al4V Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Sun Shoujin , Zhang Duyao , Palanisamy Suresh , Liu Qianchu , Schmidt Michael , Dargusch Matthew S.
Published: September 2024

The effect of sample‐build orientation on the tensile properties and deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been investigated by examining the changes in X‐ray diffraction spectra, microstructure, and dimension on the longitudinal cross‐sections after fracture. The anisotropy in strength is dominated by the difference in martensite (α′) lattice distortion, and the highest strength is achieved in the diagonally built sample (Z45) due to its largest α′ lattice distortion. The plastic deformation is mainly accommodated by sliding and micro‐void formation between α′ laths due to the insufficient number of slip systems in hexagonal close‐packed α′ phase. Therefore, the spatial orientation of α′ laths with respect to the loading direction is critical to the ductility. Different deformation mechanisms have been observed in different prior‐β grains due to their different α′ crystallographic orientations. The highest elongation is achieved in the vertically built sample (Z) because α′ laths in the vertically built sample are spatially at ±45° with the loading axis.
Composites with Synergistically Enhanced Thermodynamic and Mechanical Properties for Geothermal Heat Exchangers
Authors: Wan Li , Wang Jinyin , Yue Wen , Lin Fankai , Gao Chuanhua , Liu XianJie , Min Xin , Wang Chengbiao , Huang ZhaoHui
Published: September 2024

Geothermal energy, derived from the radioactive decay of elements within the Earth's core, is a renewable and clean energy source. The extraction of geothermal energy primarily depends on ground heat exchangers. To address the issue of incompatibility between corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, and mechanical performance in current ground heat exchangers, this study develops composites (PEPOE/SCA@SiC) composed of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) modified with toughener polyethylene‐octene copolymer elastomer (POE) and silicon carbide (SiC) crystals modified with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SCA). HDPE offers excellent corrosion resistance, SiC crystals provide efficient phonon transport, and SCA improves the interface compatibility of the composite. The thermal conductivity of PEPOE/SCA@SiC reaches 3.83 W m−1K−1, with a maximum tensile strength of 20.3 MPa, a tensile elastic modulus of up to 498 MPa, and a maximum bending stress of 22.2 MPa with a bending elastic modulus of 561 MPa. Corrosion resistance tests indicate no signs of corrosion in PEPOE/SCA@SiC when exposed to geothermal simulation fluids at 90 °C for 30 days. This study demonstrates that PEPOE/SCA@SiC composites have substantial potential for application in ground heat exchangers, offering promising prospects for advancing sustainable use of geothermal energy and environmental protection.
A Self‐Powered, Highly Sensitive, and Frequency‐Tunable Triboelectric Acoustic Sensor Inspired by the Human Cochlea
Authors: Kang Dong‐hee , Lee Hyejin , Song Minseop , Ro Yun Goo , Kwak Min Sub , Kim Jinyoung , Jung Geonyoung , Park Jonghwa , Kim Young‐Ryul , Lee Jiin , Kim Jae Joon , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: September 2024

Conventional acoustic sensors used in human–machine interfaces often face challenges such as power supply requirements, limited sensitivity, and inability to tune their frequency response. A self‐powered, highly sensitive, and frequency‐tunable triboelectric acoustic sensor inspired by the human cochlea is introduced. By mimicking hair cells in the organ of Corti, a tapered microhair‐structured ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) and barium titanate nanoparticle (BTNP) composite film is proposed, which demonstrates a 16‐fold increase in triboelectric output voltage (1.3 V) compared to a planar one at 2.8 Pa. Furthermore, inspired by the frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane with gradient structural variations, integrating a mass‐beam diaphragm is proposed with varying kirigami length and circular mass diameter that enables precise tuning of the resonance frequency of the sensor, resulting in a 32 times improvement in sensitivity (860 mV Pa−1) compared to a nonbiomimetic sensor (28 mV Pa−1) and an expanded dynamic range. The proposed sensor differentiates between human voices with different frequencies. A robotic hand integrated with the sensor responds to acoustic stimuli with programmed hand gestures, which highlights its potential in acoustic human–machine interfaces. The biomimetic approach to developing a self‐powered, highly sensitive, and frequency‐tunable acoustic sensor offers new possibilities for intuitive and immersive human–machine interfaces.
Highly Deformable and Robust Ionic Structure for Multi‐Tissue Adaptive Hemostatic Sponges
Authors: Song Chenxin , Wang Shengyu , Zhang Zheyuan , Kong Kangren , Liang Kaiyu , He Yan , Zhang Shuheng , Pan Jie , Gong Zhe , Zhu Jinjin , Tang Ruikang , Liu Zhaoming , Fang Xiangqian , Zhao Yueqi
Published: September 2024

Accidental trauma is always accompanied by tissue defects with noncompressible hemorrhages. Deformable and tough biomaterials are desirable for self‐compressible hemostasis, although their preparation is challenging. Here, a critical‐size calcium phosphate (C–CaP) with polymer‐like high deformability and mineral‐like high bending strength is prepared, which is hybridized with silk fibroin (SF) to fabricate a hemostatic sponge (SF‐C). C–CaP endows SF‐C with an ultrahigh elastic modulus (36.0 kPa) among analogous materials, leading to an ultrafast water absorption rate (1.2 g cm−3 s−1) and space‐filling rate (200.0%/s). The deformability of the SF‐C sponge further enables self‐adaptability to defects with micrometre‐scale precision. Consequently, SF‐C achieves rapid hemostasis in both damaged soft tissues and hard tissues in rats, resulting in less blood loss and a shorter hemostatic time than those of clinical materials. This study provides a promising hemostatic material for the treatment of hemorrhages in defective tissues and expands the current knowledge by revealing the critical‐sized ionic structure and unique mechanics of C–CaP.
Zn/Cu Bi‐Single‐Atom Nanoplatform: Hexagonal Anti‐Tumor Warrior by ROS Amplification for DOX Resistance Reversal and Immune Activation
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhang Fenglan , Guimarães Carlos F. , Reis Rui L. , Lv Yaqian , Qu Yingshan , Liu Danping , Zhou Qihui , Kong Xiaoying , Shi Jinsheng
Published: September 2024

Severe resistance of doxorubicin (DOX) caused by drug efflux and immunosuppression has led to a high treatment failure risk of breast cancer (BC). Compared with the single atom nanozymes, the bi‐single‐atomic nanozymes obtained through sequential single‐atom synthesis strategy in different spaces of the same nanomaterial, can significantly improve the space utilization efficiency and catalytic capacity. In this study, bi‐single‐atom nanozymes (Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs) are designed to reverse BC DOX resistance by causing damage to mitochondria of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and 4T1 cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. In situ H2O2 self‐supply is improved by releasing DOX through activating the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). ROS amplification is triggered by enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of Zn/Cu‐BSAN, which efficiently reverses the DOX resistance by breaking the hyaluronic acid (HA) barrier and DOX efflux. Furthermore, ROS amplification significantly promotes the immune improvement including DCs maturation, T cell activation, and the polarization of M1 macrophage. In summary, as “hexagonal” anti‐tumor warrior, Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs show great potential for multimodal DOX‐resistant BC therapy, which further expands the new preparation strategy and the clinical anti‐tumor application paradigm of single‐atom nanozymes.
Carboxymethylcellulose Induced the Formation of Amorphous MnO2 Nanosheets With Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for Fast Ion Diffusion in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Xinlei , Bi Hualin , Zhang Yinfeng , Mi Panpan , Liu Fengrui , Jin Xingchen , Chen Ying , Zhang Kai , Wang Jun , Dong Yanfeng
Published: September 2024

Manganese dioxide with high theoretical capacity has drawn a great deal of attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Nevertheless, their sluggish diffusion kinetics, low electrical conductivity and limited active sites are still hindering the potential application in batteries. Herein, amorphous MnO2 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies are facilely prepared by using carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) as a capping agent. During the growth process, CMC can preferentially attach to the (003) facet of MnO2 to guide its crystal growth and morphology. The small nanosheets can expose abundant edge sites, along with the surface oxygen vacancies, to facilitate the insertion/extraction of H+ and Zn2+ in ZIBs. Moreover, the presence of CMC can stabilize the Mn3+ to inhibit the Jahn–Teller effect in the preparation process. As a result, CMC‐MnO2 based ZIB can provide a specific capacity of 324 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and achieve 86.2% retention after a long cycle test of 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the energy storage mechanism may be attributed to the insertion/extraction of H+/Zn2+, dissolution/deposition of MnO2 and Zn4SO4(OH)6·nH2O, and irreversible transformation of vermiculite during long cycles. This work may open new perspectives for the development of MnO2‐based cathodes in ZIBs.
Nucleobase‐Driven Wearable Ionogel Electronics for Long‐Term Human Motion Detection and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring
Authors: Yan Xiangrui , Zhao Rongrong , Lin Huijuan , Zhao Zengdian , Song Shasha , Wang Yifan
Published: September 2024

Ionogels are considered as ideal candidates for constructing flexible electronics due to their superior electrical conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. However, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, repeated adhesion, good self‐healing, and biocompatibility through a straightforward strategy. Herein, inspired by nucleobase‐tackified strategy, a multifunctional adhesive ionogel is developed through one‐step radical polymerization of acrylated adenine/uracil (Aa/Ua) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers in sodium caseinate (SC) stabilized liquid metal dispersions. As a soft conductive filler, the incorporating of liquid metal not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also enhances the mechanical strength, satisfying the stretchable sensing application. The large amount of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, and ion‐dipole interactions) within the networks enable the ionogels to possess excellent stretchability, skin‐like softness, good self‐healing, and strong adhesion. Based on these desirable characteristics, the ionogel is suitable for wearable strain sensors to precisely detect diverse human movements under extreme environments. Moreover, the seamless adhesion with human skin allows the ionogel to function as bioelectrode patch for long‐term and high‐quality electrophysiological signal acquisition. This research provides a promising strategy for designing ionogels with tailored functionalities for wearable electronics that satisfy diverse application requirements.
Spin Photonics‐Based on a Twinning Hyperbolic Metamaterial
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Jingbo , Wen Yongzheng , Xiong Xiaoyu , Zhou Le , Zhou Ji
Published: September 2024

Routing and multiplexing of the optical surface waves are critical for the ultra‐compact nano‐photonic systems. Given this background, traditional metal‐based systems, despite of the ability of supporting the surface plasmon polariton propagation, are constrained on manipulations due to the optical isotropy, and artificially designed structures are always required at the input or output to help attain the additional selectivity. Here, a spin‐dependent multi‐channel scheme is proposed based on the modulation ability of the hyperbolic metamaterial's anisotropy on Dyakonov Surface Waves. The input coupling, propagation direction, as well as the output coupling of the optical single are well determined by the certain spin feature carried by the light and the orientation of the interface's anisotropy because of the spin‐momentum locking. Specially, by constructing a twinning hyperbolic metamaterial, which contains the structural symmetry and materials symmetry, a photonic chip with 4 routing channels are demonstrated experimentally, where the spin of an incident beam can be maintained during the propagation on‐chip and then delivered back into the free space, offering a new planar scheme for metamaterial‐based spin‐controlled nano‐photonic applications.
Adaptive Active Site Turning for Superior OER and UOR on Ir‐Ni3N Catalyst
Authors: Chen Yixin , Meng Jun , Xu Miao , Qiao Lulu , Liu Di , Kong Youchao , Hu Xiaosai , Liu Qingju , Chen Mingpeng , Lyu Siliu , Tong Rui , Pan Hui
Published: September 2024

Renewable energy‐based electrocatalytic oxidation for hydrogen production in complex reaction environments such as industrial wastewater and human urine demands high‐performing catalysts to conduct switchable urea oxidation reactions (UOR) and traditional oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Here, a novel bifunctional nanosheet electrocatalyst is reported, Ir‐Ni3N, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for both OER and UOR under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the overpotentials at 100 mA cm−2 for OER and UOR are 1.59 and 1.37 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) respectively, which are superior to most of the recently reported nickel‐based catalysts. Accordingly, a comprehensive mechanism for competitive catalytic activities of Ni and Ir sites in Ir‐Ni3N and the switch between OER and UOR that guarantees consistent hydrogen production is proposed. This study provides a feasible strategy for continuous hydrogen production aided by reagent‐adaptive electrocatalysts in urea‐containing wastewater.
Single Atom‐Engineered 2D Catalytic Nanosheets for Sonocatalytic Suppression of Orthotopic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Houliang , Zhang Yifan , Song Wei , Mao Weipu , Ding Li , Chen Shuqiu , Chang Meiqi , Zhao De , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Peng Bo
Published: September 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a prevalent malignant tumor, exhibits resistance to chemotherapy, necessitating advanced therapeutic approaches. Sonocatalytic therapy has emerged as a promising non‐invasive treatment for solid tumors due to its ability to penetrate deep tissue. Herein, the development of single atomic Au‐doped 2D TiO2 nanosheets are presented with oxygen vacancies (Au‐SA/Def‐TiO2, ASDT) for sonocatalytic treatment of ccRCC. Surface defects on TiO2 nanosheets effectively stabilize Au single atomic sites via the Ti‐Au‐Ti structure, enhancing catalytic properties and facilitating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by reducing energy barriers and improving electron (e−) and hole (h+) separation. Additionally, ASDT exhibits peroxidase‐like activities, further augmenting ROS production, leading to significant inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic ccRCC models under ultrasound irradiation. This study underscores the efficacy of defect engineering for stabilizing single atoms to boost ROS production and achieve effective tumor eradication by the enhanced sonocatalytic effect.
Aerogel‐Driven Interface Rapid Self‐Gelation Enables Highly Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Shi Zhenhai , Xu Zijian , Liu Zhuanyi , Ren Yufeng , Zhang Leiqian , Ren Jianguo , Chen Suli , Liu Tianxi
Published: September 2024

The practical application of Zn metal anodes is currently hindered by uncontrolled dendritic growth and water‐induced parasitic reactions that are closely related to the solvation structure and interfacial transport kinetics of Zn2+. Herein, a facile interface self‐gelation strategy is proposed to stabilize Zn anode by introducing ‐OH‐rich silica aerogel (HSA) on Zn anode surface. The unique interconnected network structure and strong hydrophilia of HSA made the aqueous electrolyte near Zn anode gel rapidly and spontaneously, resulting in the formation of a water‐poor gel interface layer. The interface layer can effectively accelerate the desolvation process and reduce water molecule activity near anode surface through hydrogen bonding interaction, thus achieving rapid Zn migration kinetics and alleviating side reactions. In addition, the well‐defined aerogel nanochannels can provide a fast Zn2+ migration path and homogenize Zn2+ flux, enabling rapid and uniform Zn deposition. As a result, the HSA‐modified Zn (HSA@Zn) anode exhibits excellent long‐term cycling stability (over 6000 h at 4 mA cm−2), and the feasibility for practical application of this HSA@Zn anode is further demonstrate in full cells. The aerogel‐driven interface self‐gelation strategy propose in this work provides new insights into the design of advanced Zn anode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Brominated Perylene Diimides as Cathode Interface Materials for High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Ke , Deng Jiawei , Zeng Rui , Xu Jie , Yuan Zhongyi , Wang Chenpeng , Li Lei , Liu Jiabin , Zhao Xiaohong , Hu Yu , Chen Lie , Liu Feng
Published: September 2024

The cathode interface materials (CIMs) are crucial for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, excellent CIMs PDINN‐Br and PDINN‐2Br are reported, by bromination of PDINN. Both of them have strong work function (WF) tunability, self‐doping properties, and excellent film‐forming properties. They show higher electron mobility (over 2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) and conductivity (≈5 × 10−5 S cm−1) than PDINN. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements (GIWAXS) illustrate that PDINN‐2Br has more ordered arrangement than PDINN and PDINN‐Br. PDINN, PDINN‐Br, and PDINN‐2Br in PM6:Y6‐based OSCs lead to 15.96%, 16.71%, and 17.03% power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. The PDINN‐2Br has well performance as well in the PM6:PYIT and D18:L8BO OSCs, PCEs of 18.14% and 18.98% are obtained, respectively, which are higher than PDINN (16.97% and 18.01%).
Chlorin e6‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep‐2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Pucci Carlotta , De Pasquale Daniele , Degl'Innocenti Andrea , Montorsi Margherita , Desii Andrea , Pero Marta , Martinelli Chiara , Bartolucci Martina , Petretto Andrea , Ciofani Gianni
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high‐power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang‐Ce6‐NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep‐2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5‐min irradiation session with LEDs at 660 nm and low power density (10 mW cm−2) proves effective against GBM, while reducing safety risks associated with high‐power lasers. Encapsulation improves Ce6 stability and performance in physiological environments, while angiopep‐2 targeting enhances delivery to GBM cells, maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing off‐target effects. The findings demonstrate that Ang‐Ce6‐NLCs‐mediated PDT brings about a significant reduction in GBM cell viability, increases oxidative stress, reduces tumor migration, and enhances apoptosis. Overall, such treatment holds potential as a safe and efficient intraoperative removal of GBM infiltrating cells that cannot be reached by surgery, using low‐power LED light to minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissue while maximizing tumor treatment.
High‐Performance Aqueous Supercapacitors Based on a Self‐Doped n‐Type Conducting Polymer
Authors: Ohayon David , Quek Glenn , Yip Benjamin Rui Peng , Lopez‐Garcia Fernando , Ng Pei Rou , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Andreeva Daria V. , Wang Xuehang , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: September 2024

Environmentally‐benign materials play a pivotal role in advancing the scalability of energy storage devices. In particular, conjugated polymers constitute a potentially greener alternative to inorganic‐ and carbon‐based materials. One challenge to wider implementation is the scarcity of n‐doped conducting polymers to achieve full cells with high‐rate performance. Herein, this work demonstrates the use of a self‐doped n‐doped conjugated polymer, namely poly(benzodifurandione) (PBDF), for fabricating aqueous supercapacitors. PBDF demonstrates a specific capacitance of 202 ± 3 F g−1, retaining 81% of the initial performance over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1 in 2 m NaCl(aq). PBDF demonstrates rate performances of up to 100 and 50 A g−1 at 1 and 2 mg cm−2, respectively. Electrochemical impedance analysis reveals a surface‐mediated charge storage mechanism. Improvements can be achieved by adding reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thereby obtaining a specific capacitance of 288 ± 8 F g−1 and high‐rate operation (270 A g−1). The performance of PBDF is examined in symmetric and asymmetric membrane‐less cells, demonstrating high‐rate performance, while retaining 83% of the initial capacitance after 100 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. PBDF thus offers new prospects for energy storage applications, showcasing both desirable performance and stability without the need for additives or binders and relying on environmentally friendly solutions.
Aggregation‐Disruption‐Induced Multi‐Scale Mediating Strategy for Anticoagulation in Blood‐Contacting Devices
Authors: Pan Mingfei , Sun Zhaoyun , Zhang Yuhao , Chen Jiangwei , Zhao Ziqian , He Hongliang , Zeng Hongbo , Li Qingguo , Gu Ning
Published: September 2024

Minimally invasive blood‐contacting interventional devices are increasingly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the risk of device‐related thrombosis remains a significant concern, particularly the formation of cycling thrombi, which pose life‐threatening risks. To better understand the interactions between these devices and blood, the initial stages of coagulation contact activation on extrinsic surfaces are investigated. Direct force measurements reveals that activated contact factors stimulate the intrinsic coagulation pathway and promote surface crosslinking of fibrin. Furthermore, fibrin aggregation is disrupted by surface‐grafted inhibitors, as confirmed by ex vivo coagulation tests. An engineered serum protein with zwitterion grafts to resist the deposition of biological species such as fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells is also developed. Simultaneously, a protease inhibitor‐based coacervate is incorporated into the coating to inhibit the intrinsic pathway effectively. The loaded coacervate can be released and reloaded through modulation of catechol‐amine interactions, facilitating material regeneration. The strategy offers a novel multi‐scale mediation strategy that simultaneously inhibits nanoscale coagulation factors and resists microscale thrombus aggregation, providing a long‐term solution for anticoagulation in blood‐contacting devices.
Self‐Assembled Biconvex Microlens Array Using Chiral Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Perera Kelum , Alyami Arwa , Adaka Alex , Himel Md Sakhawat H. , Haputhanthrige Nilanthi , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Mann Elizabeth , Jákli Antal
Published: September 2024

Recently, it is shown (Popov et al, Sci. Rep, 2017, 7, 1603) that chiral nematic liquid crystal films adopt biconvex lens shapes underwater, which may explain the formation of insect eyes, but restrict their practical application. Here it is demonstrated that chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, where the ferroelectric polarization aligns parallel to the air interface, can spontaneously form biconvex lens arrays in air when suspended in submillimeter‐size grids. Using Digital Holographic Microscopy, it is shown that the lens has a paraboloid shape and the curvature radius at the center decreases with increasing chiral dopant concentration, i.e., with decreasing helical pitch. Simultaneous measurements of the imaging properties of the lenses show the focal length depends on the pitch, thus offering tunability. The physical mechanism of formation of the self‐assembled ferroelectric nematic microlenses is also discussed.