bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibro-acoustic Study of a Full Vehicle Excited by an Electric Motor: Structure-borne and Air-borne Noise Comparison
Authors: de Walque Cyril , Jamaluddin Riza
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a workflow that allows noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) engineers to objectively predict the passenger compartment noise levels due to structure-borne and radiated noise arising from the motor of an electric powertrain (ePowertrain). The optimized simulation workflow enables transmission, vehicle design engineers and NVH analyst to collaborate and address potential noise concerns well before production of the ePowertrain unit and vehicle. The NVH targets can be cascaded through a series of transfer functions, linking the electromagnetic (EM) excitation from the motor to passenger compartment noise level requirements. The workflow involves the use of Romax Spectrum and Actran software. The structural modelling of the ePowertrain including the vibration response of the ePowertrain is calculated using Romax Spectrum, whilst Actran computes the acoustic radiation around the complete vehicle, and Virtual SEA then covers the calculation to interior and exterior vehicle noise analysis. The former enables early NVH diagnostics and optimization of the ePowertrain system. The Actran Virtual SEA approach is used to extend the frequency range of an existing full-vehicle Finite Element (FE) model. It offers the advantage to evaluate on the same model, both the structure-borne and air-borne noise inside the cabin and assess their relative impact. This is an innovative approach compared to past methods used for evaluating the NVH performance of ICE vehicles where FE models were used for low-frequency structure-borne noise and Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) models for high-frequency air-borne noise. This separation is not anymore possible and reliable high frequency methods for structure-borne noise are now mandatory.
Numerical Analysis of Wind Noise Transmission through BEV Underbody
Authors: Washizu Tomoya , Fukushima Tadayoshi , Hirose Kenichi , Taniguchi Keiichi , Oshima Munehiko , Miyakawa Takayuki , Enomoto Toshio
Published: May 2023

In electrified automobiles, wind noise significantly contributes to the overall noise inside the cabin. In particular, underbody airflow is a dominant noise source at low frequencies (less than 500 Hz). However, the wind noise transmission mechanism through a battery electric vehicle (BEV) underbody is complex because the BEV has a battery under the floor panel. Although various types of underbody structures exist for BEVs, in this study, the focus was on an underbody structure with two surfaces as inputs of wind noise sources: the outer surface exposed to the external underbody flow, such as undercover and suspension, and the floor panel, located above the undercover and battery. In this study, aero-vibro-acoustic simulations were performed to clarify the transmission mechanism of the BEV underbody wind noise. The external flow and acoustic fields were simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The vehicle structural vibration and sound fields of the interior and exterior cabin were analyzed using vibroacoustic models consisting of three subsystems modeled by the finite-element or boundary-element method: The first is an underbody structure finite-element model containing a white body, suspension, battery, and undercover; the second is the interior cabin space boundary-element model; the third is the exterior cabin space finite-element model for analyzing acoustic radiation resulting from vehicle structural vibration for the small space between the floor panel and battery, the motor room and the under-vehicle space between the ground and undercover. The analysis results using the vehicle model reveal that the pressure fluctuations acting on the floor panel are more-dominant inputs for cabin noise than those acting on the outer surface. The pressure fluctuation acting on the floor panel is affected by the acoustic mode of the space between the battery and the floor panel.
An Efficient Hybrid Computational Process for Interior Noise Prediction in Aeroacoustic Vehicle Development
Authors: Perugini Carlo Alberto , Riccio Ugo , Torluccio Antonio , Mohr Rouven , Blumrich Reinhard , Wagner Andreas
Published: May 2023

Numerical methodologies for aeroacoustic analyses are increasingly crucial for car manufacturers to optimize the effectiveness of vehicle development. In the present work, a hybrid numerical tool based on the combination of a delayed detached-eddy simulation and a finite element model, which relies on the Lighthill’s acoustic analogy and the acoustic perturbation equations, is presented. The computational aeroacoustics is performed by the software OpenFOAM and Actran, concerning respectively the CFD and the FEM. The aeroacoustic behavior of the SUV Lamborghini Urus at a cruising speed of 140 km/h has been investigated. The main aerodynamic noise phenomena occurring in the side mirror region in a frequency range up to 5 kHz are discussed. The numerical simulations have been verified against the measurements performed in the aeroacoustic wind tunnel of the University of Stuttgart, operated by FKFS. The predicted exterior noise propagation into the far field has been validated by comparing the sound pressure level with the experimental data measured by exterior microphones, which were located outside the turbulent region beside the wake of the side mirror. Furthermore, the noise transmission into the cabin through the side window has been modeled. Simulation results have been validated by means of interior microphones installed on the driver seat. Both the exterior and the interior noise predictions show very good correlations with experiments. Lastly, a comprehensive investigation of the most critical aeroacoustic sources has been carried out. The numerical tool has been proven to be in good accordance with the microphone array with respect to the distribution of the sound pressure level in the proximity of the side mirror. Besides, the main vortex structures involved in the generation mechanisms of wind noise have been investigated by a CFD analysis. The entire CAA process has been proven to be accurate and suitable for combined analysis between the generation mechanisms of wind noise and the resulting transfer into the interior cabin to the driver’s ear as well.
Application of Sound Intensity to the Measurement of Aeroacoustic Noise Sources in Flow
Authors: Donavan Paul R.
Published: May 2023

In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, Jing-Yau Chung along with Joseph Pope published several external General Motors reports on the then novel measurement of sound intensity (SI) using the two-microphone, cross-spectral method. Application of this measurement method was then extended to sound intensity measurements in flow. Through component wind tunnel measurements, it was determined that the intensity of noise sources could be accurately measured up to a level of 15 dB below the sound pressure level generated by flow noise on microphones. An initial application of this method was to the identification of noise sources alongside rolling truck tires. It was then extended to the measurement of the aerodynamic noise generated by protrusions added to automotive vehicle designs. These included items such as outside rearview mirrors, windshield wipers, A-pillar offsets, grille whistles, roof racks, underbodies, and fixed-mast radio antennas. Many of these could be applied on the early full-size clay models or other mock-ups as well as actual vehicles. An application of sound intensity was the development of the straked antenna design leading to a GM Defensive Patent and its now universal application to virtually all vehicles with simple fixed-mast antennas. The development of this design is highlighted along with the background on the application of sound intensity to measurements in air flow.
Aeroacoustic Vehicle Development Method Considering Realistic Wind Conditions
Authors: Staron Domenic , Riegel Matthias , Blumrich Reinhard , Wagner Andreas
Published: May 2023

The aeroacoustic development of vehicles is still mainly carried out in wind tunnels under steady flow conditions, although the real situation is different. However, as discussed in several earlier publications, a vehicle experiences unsteady, turbulent flow on road, which results for example from natural wind, wakes of other vehicles, or obstacles at the roadside in combination with side wind. The resulting temporal variations of the wind noise inside the cabin affect the passengers’ comfort and safety through fatigue. To be able to also consider the unsteady aeroacoustics in the vehicle development process, a comprehensive method has been developed that is presented in full for the first time in this paper. The on-road situation is simulated in a realistic and reproducible manner in the full-scale wind tunnel of the University of Stuttgart by means of an active turbulence generator, developed by FKFS. The turbulence generator allows to dynamically vary the flow angle with frequency components of up to 10 Hz. By comparing the unsteady wind noise for different flow situations and different vehicles, a flow scenario has been derived which leads to representative and meaningful aeroacoustic results. The measured temporal wind noise variations are investigated using modulation analysis, which has been adapted to show only relevant information in a comprehensible way. Finally, a psychoacoustic metric for rating the annoyance of unsteady, as well as steady, wind noise has been developed based on listening studies. The metric describes the subjective perception and allows evaluation and optimization of the aeroacoustic behavior specifically regarding the passengers’ comfort. With this new method all wind noise aspects, steady as well as unsteady, can be determined and taken into account for vehicle development. The evaluation and comparison of vehicles and variants is comprehensive and is focused on the passengers’ comfort.
Bus Cabin Noise Prediction of Large HVAC System Using Total Noise Method
Authors: Kandekar Ambadas Bhaguji , Jantzen Andreas , Jain Ayush , Baghel Devesh , Duppati Darshan Virupakshaia , Doshi Sohin
Published: May 2023

HVAC system design has an accountability towards acoustic comfort of passengers of a vehicle. Owing to larger cabin volume of a bus, multiple air blowers have to be installed to ensure comfort of passengers. Such multiple blowers produce significant flow induced noise inside the cabin. For commercial success, it becomes essential to predict intensity of such a flow induced noise at very early stages in product development. Conventionally sliding mesh based CFD approach is deployed to predict flow and turbulence noise around each blower. However due to complexity, this method becomes computationally intensive resulting in cost and time inefficiency. Hence it is desirable to innovate around an alternative rapid, reliable prediction method, which ensures quick turnaround of prediction. This paper describes a unique innovative approach developed around a multiscale method where flow induced noise generated by a single blower in motion is predicted using commercial Lattice Boltzmann CFD software with a digitally scaled down HVAC system in an anechoic digital wind tunnel. These CFD predictions are used to replace all blowers with virtual stationary speakers inside digital cabin to emulate noise emanated by a large HVAC unit. Authors named this method as total Noise Multiscale Approach, in the paper. With the total multiscale approach, overall sound pressure level predicted inside the bus cabin at rear passenger ear levels are comparable with the physical test measurements and has shown fair correlation. Using this multiscale total noise method, computational cost and turnaround time has significantly reduced compared to the flow conventional resolving approach for cabin with all the blowers. This predictive total noise method found useful in designing and planning countermeasures during product development.
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Physical Properties on Spray Characteristics and NVH Characteristics
Authors: Liu Canxu , Dang Yongjie , Xi Xi , Zhang Runqi , Li Wenfei , Liu Hong
Published: May 2023

For liquid fueled engine, the fuel atomization affects fuel’s evaporation, combustion, noise and vibration characteristics eventually. In this study, the effects of fuel species on the internal flow and near field primary breakup characteristics of a nozzle “Spray C” are investigated. Based on the framework of OpenFOAM, the newly developed solver which coupled cavitation model and the multifluid-quasi-VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) model, and combines the LES (Large Eddy Simulation) are applied to simulate the nozzle inner flow and near field jet breakup when using diesel and biodiesel respectively. The transient characteristics of nozzle inner flow and near field spray of two different fuels were analyzed, and the variation of axial pressure and velocity of nozzle was obtained. The simulation results show that the cavitation of biodiesel with high viscosity and low saturated vapor pressure develops slower and weaker. At the same time, due to the high viscosity of biodiesel, the flow velocity of the jet liquid column is slightly smaller than that of diesel, which makes the velocity difference between gas and liquid slightly smaller, and so is the drag force, resulting in the jet breakup penetration distance and turbulence disturbance that is not as strong as diesel. And the high density, viscosity and cetane number of biodiesel results in less vibration and noise compared to diesel.
Sound Quality Evaluation Metrics on Diesel Engines
Authors: Tan Yang , Zhang Boyu , Yuan Zhao
Published: May 2023

When people evaluate the engine NVH, they are not only mentioning whether the engine is loud or not, they say that is noisy or quiet. The difference between these two comments is the way they quantify the engine NVH, from the noise level or the sound quality. Lots of engineers used objective tools to quantify engine sound quality performance for years. In this paper, we would like to propose a novel sound quality matrix for the diesel engine which includes loudness, sharpness, mid-frequency, and high-frequency knocking parameters to perform the sound quality evaluation. In addition, an application case is described in this paper to demonstrate the usage of the new matrix.
Effects of Tool Errors on Face-hobbed Hypoid Gear Mesh and Dynamic Response
Authors: Wei Xinqi , Wang Yawen , Zhang Weiqing , Lim Teik
Published: May 2023

The tooth surface error will affect the contact pattern and transmission error of the hypoid gear, which may result in an unfavorable dynamic response. The tooth surface error can be generated by machine tool errors, such as blade wear. The most common forms of blade wear are the positive cutter radius and the positive blade angle error. In addition, in the cutting process of face-hobbed hypoid gear, the continuous indexing motion will aggravate the blade wear due to the alternating cutting force. Most previous studies on the influence of hypoid gear tool errors only focus on the contact pattern and static transmission error. However, there are very few studies about the effect of tool errors on hypoid gear dynamic responses. In this paper, a hypoid gear tooth surface, mesh, and linear dynamic model with tool errors were established. The tooth surface deviation distribution of different tool errors was analyzed. The effective mesh parameters such as time-varying mesh points, line-of-action, mesh stiffness, and transmission error harmonics are calculated for different cutter radius errors and blade angle errors. The dynamic transmission error and mesh force are also analyzed to evaluate the hypoid gear vibratory responses. The simulation results show the negative cutter radius error and positive blade angle error will increase the dynamic responses of hypoid gear. The influence is more obvious under the high torque.
Super-Resolution of Sound Source Radiation Using Microphone Arrays and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gomes Lobato Thiago Henrique , Sottek Roland
Published: May 2023

To empirically estimate the radiation of sound sources, a measurement with microphone arrays is required. These are used to solve an inverse problem that provides the radiation characteristics of the source. The resolution of this estimation is a function of the number of microphones used and their position due to spatial aliasing. To improve the radiation resolution for the same number of microphones compared to standard methods (Ridge and Lasso), a method based on normalizing flows is proposed that uses neural networks to learn empirical priors from the radiation data. The method then uses these learned priors to regularize the inverse source identification problem. The effects of different microphone arrays on the accuracy of the method is simulated in order to verify how much additional resolution can be obtained with the additional prior information.
Automated Vibration Level Assessment for Airborne Equipment
Authors: Hacıömeroğlu Fatih , Uyulur Beytullah , Güzel Tuana
Published: May 2023

All equipment has to endure severe levels of vibrations in aircraft. Specifically, in Helicopters; rotor, engine and transmission are prevalent vibration sources. Consequently, there exist industry-based standards which set peak levels of vibrations that equipment has to be qualified for. During a flight test phase, the exposed vibration levels to which equipment is exposed to are to be monitored meticulously against any exceedance of specified qualification levels. In this study, a custom software tool is developed to automate the task of comparing equipment exposed vibration levels in flights as per equipment’s vibration qualification level derived from Section 8 of the RTCA DO-160 standard [1]. The tool which is based on open-source libraries, automated the manual and hence error-prone procedure. Analysis’ are performed mainly in two stages: APS for harmonic vibration perspective and PSD for random vibration perspective. Comparisons against a commercial spectrum analysis software are performed to validate the accuracy of the in-house developed tool’s frequency spectrum calculations before decorating this core with layers providing conveniences to users, for instance, vibration frequencies and levels from DO-160 and MIL-STD-810 [2] are embedded into the tool and are self-regulated based on the user input data. Results are automatically created as figures on which comparison levels are apparent. To increase the execution speed, the tool is modified so as to be run in a multitasking fashion, which leads to diminishing of execution time inversely proportional to the number of dedicated processes working in parallel. The resulting spectrum data is logged in a spreadsheet file. As a result, this study simplified and expedited equipment vibration level analysis which is an ensuing activity after each flight.
Experimental Study on the Relationship between Combustion and Vibration in a Gasoline Engine Part 2 Characteristics of Structure’s Exciting Force and Overall Research Summary
Authors: Sato Hironao , Oba Masahiro , Hiromoto Takashi , Sato Kiyofumi , Sonobe Toshiyuki , Hayakawa Satoru , Morikawa Koji , Moriyoshi Yasuo , Sekine Noriaki
Published: May 2023

Following Part 1 of the previous study, this paper reports the structure’s exciting force and summarize the overall research results. An experimental study was conducted to clarify the relationship between engine combustion and vibration, and to establish technology to suppress it. This study focused on the vehicle interior noise caused by combustion in which vibration transmission is the main component at high speed and high load region. A phenomenon in which both the combustion’s exciting force and the structure’s exciting force are combined is defined as vehicle interior noise caused by combustion. Conventionally, combustion and vibration are often discussed in terms of the average cycle, but considering the nonstationary property of vibration, in this paper analyzed the structure’s exciting force characteristics for vibration in cycle-by-cycle. Analysis was conducted using the combustion indicators clarified in the previous study. The engine vibration is affected by piston specifications even with the same heat release characteristics. Based on the analysis results, the piston rotation angle and translational displacement are defined as indicators of the structure’s exciting force. In this paper, after discussing the piston motion characteristics as the structure’s exciting force and the indicators of vibration suppression, the results clarified by the research combined with the previous study are summarized.
Virtual Acoustic Prototyping of Automotive Boosting Systems in Vehicle Environment, a Hybrid Approach
Authors: Rigault Alexandre , Bhat Chaitanya , Dendievel Clement
Published: May 2023

In the context of automotive air boosting systems, such as turbochargers and full-cell compressors, earlier and more realistic noise evaluations are crucial in evaluating the impact a design has on the final acoustic performance perceived by the end user in the vehicle cabin environment. This requires a combined assessment of the acoustic sources from boosting systems, other vehicle interior noise sources, and the acoustic transfer path from the boosting system to the vehicle cabin. Performing such an assessment experimentally cannot be done early in development with representative hardware and can be expensive. Also, managing such an assessment entirely through simulations is very complex and error prone.

The present study proposes a hybrid approach to tackle this noise challenge. This methodology combines the noises of high-speed rotating machine simulated rotor-dynamic and electromagnetic simulation processes, their transformation from frequency to time domain, and coupling with experimental vehicle noise data. This methodology makes it possible to virtually recreate an acoustics scenario at vehicle cabin level in realistic vehicle operating conditions. This enables earlier, faster, and easier objective and subjective evaluation of noise response as a function of component design changes, vehicle transfer function, and drive cycles, which are critical in determining the right corrective actions to mitigate potential noise risks in vehicle.
Research on Reduction of Piston Vibration by Providing Granular Dampers Inside the Lattice Structure
Authors: Sakai Hiroyuki , Honda Yuichi , Osawa Shun , Honghu Guo , Takezawa Akihiro , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: May 2023

A high compression ratio is an effective means for improving the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engines. However, a high compression ratio leads to a rapid rise in the combustion pressure, as it causes a high impulse force. The impulse force generates vibrations and noise by spreading in the engine. Therefore, reducing the vibration of the combustion (which increases as the compression ratio increases) can improve the thermal efficiency while using the same technology.

We are conducting model-based research on technologies for reducing combustion vibration by applying a granular damper to a piston. To efficiently reduce the vibration, we suppress it directly with the piston, i.e., the source of the vibration. Thus, the damping effect is maximized within a minimized countermeasure range. The damping system is a piston equipped with an additively manufactured particle damper (AMPD), with porous voids (lattice structure) and can be manufactured using methods such as laser beam powder bed fusion (LPBF). For the installation of the AMPD, we propose an optimal design structure that enhances productivity and is able to achieve the same or better effect even if the other damping materials are reduced.

In this paper, we describe the design method for the vibration damping lattice piston and construction of a prediction method using the discretized element method for vibration damping by the AMPD. The pistons are manufactured using LPBF or casting. In addition, we consider the results of regarding the vibration and noise characteristics when changing the type of particles the AMPD.
Analysis and Experimental Research on Whine Noise of the Engine Balance Shaft Gear System
Authors: Cui Jia-Ming , Shangguan Wen-Bin
Published: May 2023

An Inline 4-cylinder engine is equipped with second-order balance shafts. When the engine is running under no-load acceleration conditions, the gear system of the balance shaft generated whine noise. In this paper, an analysis and experiment method for reducing the whine noise is presented. First, a flexible multi-body dynamic model of the engine is established, which includes shaft and casing deformation, micro-modification of the gears. Taking the measured cylinder pressure as input, the load on each gear of balance shaft gear system is calculated. In addition, the influence of tooth surface micro-modification on the meshed noise was analyzed. The results show that the dynamic meshing force between the crank gear and the shim gear is large under the original tooth surface micro-modification parameters, which is the main reason of the whine noise. The torsional vibration at the crankshaft nose and vibration acceleration at the cylinder block was measured during no-load conditions, and the measured results were compared with the calculated results, which validate the established model. Secondly, the mesh misalignment and load calculated in the model are used as inputs to optimize the tooth surface micro-modification parameters. Taking minimizing the peak-to-peak of loaded transmission error and the maximum contact stress on the tooth surface as optimization objectives, the micro-modification parameters as optimization variables, the NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) algorithm was used to conduct multi-objective optimization. A set of tooth surface micro-modification parameters was optimized, and the peak-to-peak loaded transmission error is reduced by 80%. According to the optimized parameters, the new scissor gears was fabricated and installed on the balance shaft. The experiment results showed that the whine evaluation index TNR (Tone-to-Noise Ratio) is reduced from 2.2dB to -1.4dB, which solved the whine noise.
Material Parameter Identification Method for Rubber Mount Constitutive Equation
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Liu Xiaoang , Ou Yang Yi-Hong , Shangguan Wenbin
Published: May 2023

As an important vibration damping element in automobile industries, the vibration transmitted from the engine to the frame can be reduced effectively because of rubber mount. The influence of preload on the static characteristics of rubber mount and the constitutive parameters identification of Mooney-Rivlin model under preload were studied. Firstly, a test rig for stiffness measurement of rubber mount under preload was designed and the influence of preload on the force versus displacement of mount was studied. Then, the model for estimating force versus displacement of rubber mount was established. The response surface model for parameters identification was established. And the identification method for estimating parameters of Mooney-Rivlin model of rubber mount was proposed with the crow search algorithm. Taking the rubber mount as the research object and taking the parameters of Mooney-Rivlin model as the variables. Then, using response polynomials corresponding to different force-displacement curves as the objective functions, a least squares method is used to ontain constitute parameters of Mooney-Rivlin model. The force versus displacement for the mount is estimated using the obtained parameters of Mooney-Rivlin model along with the developed model. The results show that the relative errors calculated with parameters identified under preload are keeping in 10% in all working conditions. The real force performance of the rubber mount is better reflected by the parameters identified under preload. The parameters identification method proposed in this paper can provide reference for the accurate identification of constitutive parameters.
Shakespeare as Liberal Art Education Contents－Intertextuality and Reading Intertextually Reproduced Modern Hamlets
Authors: Han Doin
Published: May 2023

Shakespeare is an icon of literature that transcends time and language and a cultural content that transcends genres. Especially Shakespeare which have been reproduced intertextuality is not a British speciality, but an essential content of liberal arts education in the flow of convergence culture in this global era. To have logical approach to the various representations of Shakespeare, the concept of intertextuality is closely examined at the beginning, from Kristeva to the present, which is theoretical link that connects the classics and the modern. Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is a modern reproduction of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, clearly shows the absurdity of modern life by drawing insignificant characters around the main character, Hamlet. Ophelia, a novel intertextually rewritten Hamlet from a woman's point of view and produced as a movie presents a new defamiliarized perspective to modern readers/learners through genre transformation as well as ending transformation. Hamlet and Yeonsan, two plays directed by Lee in Korea, are the discernible examples of Korean intertextual representations which show regional and cultural characteristics of Korea, that is, an outside of the Anglo-American region. By representing Shakespeare's Hamlet using both Korean symbols, dances, and songs abd western acting style, it suggests the process of expanding intertextuality into interculturality. In addition, it can be said that readers/learners’ literacy to the classics should be preceded to secure the global value of Koreanization. Understanding modern adaptations of Shakespeare is an essential backup for leaders/learners to decipher the synthetic syndrome of global culture of the moment. Therefore, as liberal art education content, it seems necessary to recommend to readers/learners who need to develop critical literacy to understand the current cultural trend to read the intertextually reproduced Shakespeare.
Korean University Students’ Experiences and Beliefs about Medium of Instruction in English Speaking Classes
Authors: Cho Youngsang , Franzese John , Lim Jungmin
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to further understand Korean university students’ perception of using English as a primary medium of instruction in English speaking classes, along with their beliefs about what language would prove the most beneficial as a medium of instruction. This study aims to present the beliefs that students hold about which language(s) should be employed and for what reasons, as well as whether these beliefs vary depending on the students’ language proficiency. This research was based on the responses given by students after having direct experience participating in English speaking classes taught in English. This study used a survey questionnaire as the primary source of data which contained multiple choice questions, a Likert-scale, and open-ended questions. Data was collected from a total of 135 predominantly first-year Korean university students who self-reported as being at the beginner and intermediate-levels. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and a series of independent sample t-tests were used for the multiple choice questions and Likert-scale questions and content analysis applied to open-ended questions. Data analysis revealed that students had positive experiences in English speaking classes taught in English. The advantages of the English-only classes included the English-rich environment, improved familiarity with English, a positive emotional response, increased attentiveness to English, and most importantly, improvement in English proficiency. At the same time, students also reported difficulties in understanding lectures and instructions and in communicating with their teachers in English. They coped by using various strategies, such as machine translators and by asking their teachers questions. However, beginner-level students were more self-reliant while intermediate-level students used a balanced use of self-sufficiency and human resources. Regarding their beliefs about what language should be used as the medium of instruction, both beginner and intermediate students believed that English should remain the primary language used in class with a moderate use of L1 being suggested. Specifically, students agreed that L1 may provide benefits in academic, affective, and managerial domains. However, beginner-level students found using L1 to be more advantageous than intermediate-level students. The findings of this study suggest employing an English medium of instruction across varying English proficiency levels in English speaking classes and discusses various methods that might be considered by teachers when employing an English medium of instruction, one of which would be allowing for the use of the students’ L1 to a moderate extent under certain circumstances.
The Influence of Online Liberal Arts English on College Students’ Intercultural Interest
Authors: Chong Cinthia M.
Published: May 2023

The goal of the current study is to determine whether online liberal arts English classes can improve students' cultural awareness and interest. The online English learning environment has drawn a lot of attention from EFL educators as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. There are several factors that have an impact on the culture aspects of EFL learning. Yet, there is scant research showing how certain features of culture learning can be effectively applied in the Korean EFL context. This study investigates the links between English language proficiency, pre-interest, and interactions with instructors to determine whether aspects of online liberal arts English classes have a favorable impact on students' interest in foreign cultures. Participants came from 84 Listening, Reading, Speaking I and II classes, totaling 1,421. With the use of Microsoft Teams, the classes were delivered online for 15 weeks. After that, a survey was used to measure students’ pre-interest in English language learning, language achievement, interactions with professors, and cultural understanding. The results of that survey—which used the Naver Office Form—were evaluated using SPSS version 26 to examine any relevant statistics. The findings identified three factors that contribute to students' cultural understanding and interest in online liberal arts English classes. Among these factors, interactions with instructors had the most significant impact, followed by pre-interest and language proficiency. The data suggests that interactions with professors during online EFL classes play a more critical role in promoting students' understanding and interest in other cultures than factors such as English language achievement and pre-interest in English. The effect was particularly pronounced in speaking I and II classes. Therefore, it is crucial for educators to utilize various methods and technologies to encourage interactions between students and professors in online EFL classes. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by analyzing the specific factors that influence students' cultural understanding and interest and highlighting the critical role of interactions with professors in online liberal arts English classes.
Exploring the Use of the Metaverse in Liberal Arts Education
Authors: Yoon Ok-han
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational applications of the metaverse and to gather empirical data on its uses. The metaverse encompasses various types applications, such as augmented reality, life logging, a mirror world, and a virtual world. Many universities have already incorporated or are planning to introduce the metaverse into their curricula or non-curricular events. In conclusion, metaverse literacy is becoming increasingly important in liberal arts education, and in order for instructors to effectively use these tools in their classes, it is necessary for them to employ a variety of platforms as motivational tools.
Effective Management Plan of Group Activities in College Liberal Arts Classes
Authors: Lim Hyewon
Published: May 2023

In the 2010s, universities recognized the limitations of lecture-oriented teaching methods and are expanding the educational method in which students actively participate in learning. Although the educational effects of small group activities such as improving one’s communication ability, one’s problem-solving ability, and one’s interpersonal competency have been proven, learners have many complaints about such teaching methods. This study intends to investigate how learners perceive group activities that are conducted in parallel with the class and to find ways to effectively operate group activities in college liberal arts classes. To this end, this study conducted a survey on how group activities are perceived by students who took the liberal arts classes as  courses in S University. According to the survey, students recognize that group activities are necessary but are reluctant to do small group activities because of the burden of carrying out a class assignment while communicating with unfamiliar schoolmates, as well as the anxiety they feel about having to work with schoolmates that are not diligent. Therefore, this study suggests that we strengthen the motivation for group activities, to reinforce the function of peer evaluation, and to provide effective feedback as professors regarding group activities as ways to effectively operate small group activities in college liberal arts classes. Through these methods, it is expected that students will be able to reduce their negative perception of group activities, recognize the meaning and value of collaboration, and be able to achieve learning effects such as improving their communication and problem-solving abilities.
Creative Writing Class Module using the Metaphorical form of Modern Poetry－Focusing on Non-identity and Activating a Living Metaphor
Authors: Ko Myeong Jae
Published: May 2023

This study, as a class study to enhance creative writing ability among students, tried to use the operation method of ‘living metaphor’. In this process, this study presented a class module and applied it in the classroom to review its achievements and limitations. The problem with existing studies that usually connect ‘metaphor’ with ‘writing education’ is that they accept too lightly the universal concept of metaphor and apply it to classes. This study tried to pay attention to the concept of ‘living metaphor’ that highlights ‘difference and non-identity’, rather than the ‘concept of metaphor’ that has been connected to ‘similarity’ without any review. This is because the metaphor entails a structure of thinking that can trigger novelty and creativity. In this process, this study focused on the concepts of metaphor and diaphor, which were noted in the theory of poetry and the theory of poetry creation. In addition, Korean modern poetry, which is being created as of late, was used as a reference material and as a module for the class. Through this process, this study confirmed that creative expression and logical commentary are possible by using the corresponding class module. In addition, this study confirmed that such a class module can lead to self-concept and identity exploration beyond simply creating creative expressions.
MANAGING SERVICE QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF PAKISTAN: A PRAGMATIC MODEL FOR STUDENTS SATISFACTION (Empirical evidence to inform Public Policy)
Authors: Khatani Salman Ahmed , Hamid Shams
Published: May 2023

In higher education, the key resource for the achievement of institutional objectives is the enhancement of high-quality education and the highest level of student satisfaction. Quality assurance cultivates a successful education system in the country. Thus, this study observed the impact of “service quality dimensions on university student’s satisfaction through the framework of “HedPERF (higher education performance)”. The sample was purposively drawn from 300 university students of Karachi, and the data were analyzed by using “structural equation modelling (SEM)”. Additionally, significant associations were found between service quality dimensions and the satisfaction of students. The discussed findings embrace the implications for HEIs and practitioners of quality management.
FRACTAL PARAMETERS OF SLUM SETTLEMENTS: WAVE-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS (STUDY OF KARACHI)
Authors: Ali Nisar
Published: May 2023

Fractal parameters of slum settlements, such as those in Karachi, can provide valuable insights into these communities' spatial organization and growth patterns. In this research, considering the slum areas or Kachi Abadies (KAs) as an ‘urban malignancy’ the spectral (spectrum) analysis method and the Fourier transform is used to analyse the patterns of population distribution in Karachi city based on its spatial dynamics. The study uses mathematical experiments and empirical analysis to calculate the fractal dimension for exploring urban fractal parameter relationships form and growth. The population data and land use data of Karachi Kachi Abadis (KKAs) are used to attain the numerical values of all parametric relations. The calculated results showed a close numerical coherence.
Kondisi Pertumbuhan Masyarakat Desa Sidorejo Kabupaten Mojokerto Dalam Pencatatan Badan Pusat Statistik
Authors: Hikmah Muhaimin  , Avrilia Angel  , Nadia Ayu Amalia  , Latifatul Annas  , Raffelino Syahadatan Ramadani
Published: May 2023

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) adalah lembaga pemerintah non departemen yang berfungsi sebagai penyedia data statistik dasar bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat umum, nasional dan daerah. Dari segi strukturnya, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) berada tepat di bawah Presiden. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dibagi menjadi tiga tingkatan, BPS Pusat, BPS Provinsi, dan BPS Kabupaten/Kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penggunaan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif penelitian menjelaskan secara lengkap dan rinci keadaan objek yang akan diteliti (Sugiono, 2013). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan probability sampling. Termasuk dalam Sampling Probability adalah simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling dan cluster sampling. Setelah melakukan wawancara melalui pendataan sensus penduduk untuk pengambilan sampel. Wawancara dapat dilakukan melalui penelitian dokumen yang dilakukan. Dalam meneliti dokumen ini, peneliti menggunakan dokumen yang disediakan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Mojokerto yang disebut Dokumen REGSOSEK-K atau dokumen Pendaftaran Sosial Ekonomi Kuesioner melalui metode wawancara. Tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pertumbuhan masyarakat di Desa Sidorejo mengalami penurunan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain: 1. Perpindahan  penduduk, 2. Perpindahan rumah tangga, 3. Kematian.
The TATA KELOLA SDM PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DESA GEMPOLKEREP KECAMATAN GEDEG KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Maharani Julieta , Afida Izzatus Syifa  , Hikmah Muhaimin  , Sang Alif Prasetyo  , Arif Rochman  , Risky Abi Setiawan
Published: May 2023

Proses penyelenggaraan pemerintahan fokusnya ada pada birokrasi, birokrasi yang memiliki makna suatu sistem atau instrumen untuk memudahkan pemahaman urutan atau tingkatan dalam kedudukan aktor pelaksana, atau mesin pemerintahan. Basis fundamental dari seluruh reformasi birokrasi karenanya harus dimulai dengan reformasi  terhadap pengelolaan/ manajemen SDM aparaturnya, yaitu manajemen personalia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data,  penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu penelitian kepustakaan, observasi dan wawancara. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti  menganalisis  bagaimana hubungan manajemen sumber daya manusia publik dengan peningkatan pelayanan publik di Desa Gempolkerep Kelurahan Mojokerto Kecamatan Gedeg. Berdasarkan hasil survei yang dilakukan dengan metode survei, maka dinas pemerintahan desa menyusun peraturan dimana setiap dinas memiliki dinas dan stafnya masing-masing sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pelayanan publik desa Gempolkerep dan mempelajari sistem pelayanan publik negara yang baik. Selain manfaat dari sistem pelayanan tersebut, harus memberikan kepuasan terhadap pemenuhan standar pelayanan publik  masyarakat.
Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya
Authors: Masrul Ikhsan  , Hafzana Bedasari  , Ahmad Hadi
Published: May 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya serta untuk mengetahui faktor penghambat dan pendukungnya. Metode dalam penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Kebijakan (Policy Research) dengan pendekatan Deskriptif Kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelusuran literatur  yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian, Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yang dikembangkan oleh Miles Huberman Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya sudah berhasil. Kemudian faktor pendukung dalam implementasi PKH juga mendapatkan dukungan dari para stakeholder. Sedangkan faktor penghambat yaitu adanya rasa kecemburuan dari masyarakat yang bukan penerima PKH dan tidak adanya fasilitas seperti pelantang untuk pengeras suara ketika memberikan arahan
Evaluating Basic Education in Singapore: Trends and Dynamics
Authors: Elems-Ikwegbu Helen Ngozi
Published: May 2023

This paper set out to evaluate the trends and dynamics of basic education in Singapore. It explored the country's emphasis on refined learning system in primary and secondary schools, efficient human resources policies, and state-of-the-art tools. This study provided thorough explanations and content analysis of the trends and dynamics of basic education in Singapore with regards to: curriculum design, teaching methods, special needs and student achievement; pre-service teachers’ training, teachers’ professional development and teachers’ effectiveness; as well as school leadership and community participation. Results indicated that Singapore's basic education has provided a roadmap for success in building competent life-long learners. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that policymakers, planners, and educators from developing countries can take inspiration from Singapore to better their own educational systems and stave off pertinent challenges
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMUNIKASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. CAPELLA MEDAN DAIHATSU
Authors:   Universitas Prima Indonesia, Fitriano Andre , Miawtanoto Angel , Sari Tri Permata , Yanto Herry
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of work discipline, communication and competence on employee performance at PT. Capella Medan Daihatsu. Researchers took the population in this study as many as 230 employees. The number of samples in this study were 107 employees. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The results showed that simultaneously work discipline, communication and competence had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Capella Medan Daihatsu and partially work discipline, communication and competence had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Capella Medan. Daihatsu.