bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MAIN HAMILTON FUNCTION AND THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A SITUATION IN THE FORM OF THE HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS
Authors:   West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Uralsk city, Makhmudova Sh.D. , Urazgalieva A.N. ,   West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Uralsk city
Published: June 2021

Interdisciplinary application of learning outcomes is essential to the field of mathematics, attainable at intersection of math with other subjects – which includes applied tasks When studying a number of technical disciplines, as well as solving applied problems, it is possible to use certain aspects of the theory of optimal control - which is an example of interdisciplinary link. Analytical mechanics, among other disciplines, enables leverage of certain aspects of the theory of differential games, namely, equilibrium conditions in non-coalitional differential games of several players. This article provides studies of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibrium situations, using some concepts of analytical mechanics. In line with Hamilton’s definition, necessary conditions were obtained in the form of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. This form of necessary conditions in differential games of N persons is of interest to students of natural and technical fields. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate interdisciplinary link, an important component of the process of training future engineers for various sectors of the economy. It is necessary for the holistic understanding of the material, so that students of technical specialties of various fields can use it. Proposed work can aid in study of this area of analytical mechanics by university students and young scientists alike.
ABOUT TEACHING METHODS FOR SOLVING TEXT TASKS IN THE COURSE OF ALGEBRA
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Nurbayeva D.М. , Nurmukhamedova Zh.М. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Yerzhenbek B. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Nassirova D.M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the solution of text tasks in the course of algebra. Recently, it has been observed that the solution of text tasks causes difficulties not only for schoolchildren, but also there are cases when the solution of such problems causes problems for practicing mathematics teachers. Therefore, in the article, we have considered several types of tasks for which solutions have been proposed, which we consider useful material for preparing existing teachers for algebra lessons when studying the topics of solving text tasks using equations and their systems. Also, reading this article is recommended for students-future teachers of mathematics before or during their teaching practice. The article does not contain solutions to equations and their systems, since the purpose of this article is to teach how to make equations and systems of equations for solving text tasks, and not to solve them. For the design of the task conditions, both drawings, tables, and just writing short conditions are used.
THE ERROR METHOD IN THE ORGANIZATION OF STUDYING THE TOPIC «THE CROSS SECTION OF THE POLYHEDRONS»
Authors:   M. Kozybaev North Kazakhstan university, Petropavlovsk, Rabinovich B.V. , Tuyakov Е.А. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Mikailova K.D. ,   M. Kozybaev North Kazakhstan university, Petropavlovsk
Published: June 2021

The main task of the school today is not just to equip students with a certain set of knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also to form their ability to learn, work in a group. Based on the above, it is advisable to use interactive teaching methods in math lessons. One of the most popular strategies for interactive learning is collaborative learning. The article discusses interactive teaching techniques and their features in teaching geometry in high school. Given examples of the application of the «error method» in the study of the topic «The cross-section of the polyhedrons» are given. It is shown that, when discussing erroneous decisions in collaborative learning, students acquire the skills to solve such problems. The article fills in one of the gaps that exist in the methodological literature on the description of interactive methods of teaching geometry in high school.
THE PROBLEM OF ADAPTING THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AT SCHOOL
Authors:   Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, Sartabanov Zh.A. , Shaukenbayeva А.K. ,   Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, Zhumagaziyev A.Kh. ,   Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, Duyussova А.А. ,   Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe
Published: June 2021

The general properties of the solution of a homogeneous equation are given. Solutions of a homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation of the second order with constant coefficients in three cases related to the coefficients of the equation are investigated. The obtained results are justified in the form of a theorem. These conclusions are proved in the framework of the methods of high school mathematics. This theory, known in general mathematics, is fully adapted to the implementation in secondary school mathematics and developed with the help of new elementary techniques that are understandable to the student. The main purpose of the work was to develop methods for solving a linear homogeneous differential equation of the second-order at a level that a schoolboy can master. The result will be the creation of a special course program on the basics of ordinary differential equations in secondary schools of the natural-mathematical direction, the preparation of appropriate content material, and providing them with a simple teaching method.
ON A METHOD FOR SOLVING A FAMILY OF NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Temesheva S.M. , Abdimanapova P.B. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider a boundary value problem for a family of linear differential equations that obey a family of nonlinear two-point boundary conditions. For each fixed value of the family parameter, the boundary value problem under study is a nonlinear two-point boundary value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. Non-local boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations, in particular, non-local boundary value problems for systems of hyperbolic equations with mixed derivatives, can be reduced to the family of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. Therefore, the establishment of solvability conditions and the development of methods for solving a family of boundary value problems for differential equations are actual problems. In this paper, using the ideas of the parametrization method of D. S. Dzhumabaev, which was originally developed to establish the signs of unambiguous solvability of a linear two-point boundary value problem for a system of ordinary equations, a method for finding a numerical solution to the problem under consideration is proposed.
STUDY OF CONVECTIVE FLOWS IN THREE-COMPONENT GAS MIXTURES BY THE METHOD OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors:   Kazakh National Pedagogical University after Abai, Almaty, Kossov V.N. , Mukamedenkyzy V. ,   Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Yuldasheva Z.Z. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Khasseinova A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The characteristics of convective flows arising in three-component gas mixtures are investigated by the method of numerical simulation. The time variation of the isoconcentration lines of the heavy component of the mixture and the average velocity are considered as characteristics of convective flows. To calculate the characteristics of convective flows arising in a vertical cylindrical channel, we used a numerical model based on the splitting scheme according to physical parameters. It was shown that in three-component gas mixtures, where special diffusion regimes are manifested, non-monotonic distributions of component concentrations and velocities are possible. The time of loss of stability of mechanical equilibrium and the time of developed convective flows are determined.
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE INDEPENDENT WORK OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   University Of International Business, Almaty, Kenzhegulova S.B. , Seidalieva G.O. ,   University Of International Business, Almaty, Abdulkarimova G.A. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University after Abai, Almaty, Gusmanova F.R. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article examines the main features of various forms and methods of organizing the independent work of university students. The opinion is substantiated that independent work, aimed at mastering the acquired knowledge and skills, allows students to fully understand the nature of the work performed and organize their own activities. In the context of the implementation of distance learning in higher education, the goals and functions of independent work of students have been revised, the role of which in the educational process is significantly increasing. In the course of the study to identify the importance of independent work of university students, results were obtained that allow one to draw some conclusions, for example, active independent work is possible only if there are motivating factors: student involvement in research activities, intensive pedagogy, individualization of tasks and the personality of the teacher.
USING OF VIRTUAL INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
Authors:   Astana International University, Nursultan, Turdybek A.A. , Abdildaeva A.A. ,   Astana International University, Nursultan
Published: June 2021

We will conduct a practical and theoretical analysis of the virtual learning environment in computer science. Consider the goals and objectives of the study and analyze the effectiveness of training programs. We also discuss topical issues of "virtual technologies”," virtual interactive learning environment” and "online learning platform", etc. The scientific relevance of the work is due to the fact that modern technologies and virtual life affect children. Under the influence of globalization and informatization, new interactive approaches to teaching computer science have emerged. And virtual technologies are one of these ways. Virtual teaching in the country is not outdated. It is obvious that in the future, specialists working in this direction will need methodological guidance. After analyzing the results of the research work, I propose a manual for teachers. That is, to determine the practical significance of the research work and formulate rules for organizing and implementing a virtual interactive environment. In this project, we will look at ways to use and organize interactive computer technologies. Keywords: computer science, learning platform, educational process, IT technologies, virtual environment, programming languages, interactive learning.
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-DAGESTAN RELATIONS IN THE LATE XVIII-EARLY XIX CENTURIES
Authors: Magomed Rajabovich Hasanov , Israpilova Shakhrubika Israpilovna
Published: June 2021

The article considers the issues of Russian-Dagestan relations in the late XVIII — early XIX centuries on the basis of sources and literature. The process of integration of the peoples of the North Caucasus into the centralized multinational Russian state was repeatedly interrupted and delayed by the intervention of Turkish and Iranian invaders in the internal affairs of the highlanders.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Authors: Lukashova Natalia Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

In the article, on the basis of archival and historiographic materials, the contribution to the study of the Uzbek literary language of one of the enlighteners of V.P. Nalivkin is analyzed. The article also reflects his teaching activities — training talented specialists.
FAMILY LIFE IN CENTRAL ASIA: PROBLEMS OF FATHERS AND CHILDREN
Authors: Mirzakhmedov Abdirashid Mamasidikovich , Mirzakhmedov Khurshid Abdirashidovich , Abdukholikova Nasiba Alizhanovna
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of an anthropological analysis of the social life of a modern family. It is immersed in deep socio-economic and demographic problems, which are complicated by the impact of globalization and information technology. Analyzing the transformational processes of family relations, the author comes to the conclusion that in the modern family there is “alienation” of generations, the gap between parents and children, which affects the traditional ethno-confessional foundations of the family. We are talking about the foundations of the national mentality of the peoples of the region about intergenerational relationships between children and their parents, the transformation from a macro-family to a nuclear one.
DISTANCE EDUCATION: A «NEW TREND» OR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE INFORMATION WORLD
Authors: Kravchenko Vladimir Iosifovich , Kuznetsova Marina Anatolyevna
Published: June 2021

The authors of the article presented vision of the existing concept in Russia of creating and developing a single system of distance education. Recognizing the existence of distance learning as a need for the information age, the authors make a number of constructive proposals regarding the reorganization of the educational process and the selforganization of a person as the main actor, as well as the creation of a single information and educational space.
Evidence of widespread illegal hunting of waterfowl in England despite partial regulation of the use of lead shotgun ammunition
Authors: Stroud David A. , Pain Deborah J. , Green Rhys E.
Published: June 2021

Shooting of birds using lead shotgun ammunition was legal for all quarry species in the UK until 1st September 1999, when the Environmental Protection (Restriction on Use of Lead Shot) (England) Regulations 1999 and similar regulations in other UK countries came into effect. These regulations made it illegal to shoot ducks and geese and some other waterfowl species in England with lead shotgun ammunition and/or to use it in certain wetland habitats. The legislation was intended to reduce the incidence of lead poisoning of wetland birds caused by ingested and embedded shotgun pellets. We evaluate the effectiveness of this legislation by estimating the number of ducks shot in England with lead shot. We also assess the effectiveness of awareness-raising actions about the regulations, including an advocacy campaign intended to encourage compliance, and an undertaking by the UK Government to examine ways to improve compliance and enforcement. We estimate that about 13 million ducks have been shot illegally using lead shotgun ammunition in England since 1st September 1999 - an annual average of approximately 586,000 and representing approximately 70% of the total ducks shot. There was no detectable decline in the number of ducks killed using lead shotgun ammunition following the awareness-raising publicity and advocacy campaign by shooting and countryside management organisations. The government review of implementation and enforcement of the Regulations on the level of this wildlife crime was not followed by any new prosecutions. There has been one prosecution for an offence under the Lead Shot Regulations. We conclude that the 1999 Regulations and attempts to promote compliance with them have effected only a small reduction in the use of lead shotgun ammunition in wetlands in England.
Knowledge, Perception and Exposure Risk to Passive Smoking Among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area Nigeria
Authors: F.D. Adediji , E.A. Adelere , J. Dangana
Published: June 2021

Passive smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer. This is because the smoke that burns off the end of a cigar or cigarette contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, among others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. The study investigated the determinants knowledge, perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select four hundred and ten participants (414) among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire to collect data in the study and was subjected to validation. Obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Also, correlation analyses were used to test the hypothesis at 95% confidence level (α=0.05). Three research questions and two research hypotheses were tested in the study. The results showed that the mean age was 17.05±1.39 years. The result revealed that the majority of the participants 337(82.2%) had poor knowledge about passive smoking, while 73(17.8%) of the respondents had good knowledge about passive smoking. Also, the result revealed that the majority of the participants 165(40.2%) reported low exposure risk of passive smoking. Correlation analyses show that there is a significant relationship between adolescents’ knowledge and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan southeast local government area (r=0.22; p=0.000). There is also a significant relationship between perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan south east local government area (r=0.13; p=0.009). The study therefore concluded and recommended that training programmers’ should be provided to increase the adolescents’ awareness, change their perceptions, increase their ability to protect themselves and help to have a smoke-free environment.
Socio-environmental Factors Influencing Preferences for Typhoid Fever Treatment Among Secondary School Students in Ikenne, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: O.O. Edejoro , O.O. Babasola
Published: June 2021

Typhoid fever was estimated to produce 17.8 million cases each year among low-and-middle-income countries of the world. This study aimed to identify the socio-environmental factors that influence care-seeking preferences for typhoid fever treatment among students of Secondary Schools. The study adopted a cross-sectional design guided by behavioural theories that employed quantitative methods of data collection. A multistage sampling technique was used to select five (5) schools from five wards in the study area. A total of 422 students were recruited for this study but only 417 questionnaires were correctly and completely analysed. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and the data was analysed using, descriptive statistics, chart, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of correlation, and multiple regression. The respondents’ ages ranged from 10-19 years with a mean of 15.3 ± 1.7 years. Results demonstrated that the socio-environmental factors that influence the respondents’ health-seeking behaviour for typhoid treatment were the decision of parents on the type of treatment they can receive as well as the cost of the treatment The study further revealed that of the respondents who have had typhoid fever in their lifetime, less than half sought treatment in hospitals. This study recommends that good healthcare-seeking behaviour health promotion programmes should be targeted at parents since they are stakeholders in the healthcare-seeking decision-making of adolescents.
Determinants of Road Traffic Accident Among Commercial Drivers in Rivers State
Authors: G. K. Samuel , L. Amini
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the determinants of road traffic accidents among commercial drivers in Rivers State. Four research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The sample size included 400 hundred commercial drivers selected using a purposive and accidental sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.72. Data were analysed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. The result showed that age and drug use were a significant predictor of road traffic accident among commercial drivers in Rivers State (df=2, F=5.867, p<.05) and (df=2, F=8.429, p<.05). The findings also showed that level of education and years of work experience was not a significant predictor of road traffic accident among commercial drivers in Rivers State (df=3, F=1.534, p>.05) and (df=2, F=0.449, p>.05). Based on the findings, it was concluded that drivers’ age and drug use significantly predict of road traffic accident whereas drivers’ level of education and years of work experience does not a significantly predict of road traffic accident among commercial drivers in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that there should be total enforcement of traffic rules and regulation to correct erring drivers and the Government and affected institutions should take the issue of road construction and maintenance more seriously.
R-method: A simple ranking method for multi-attribute decision-making in the industrial environment
Authors: Rao Ravipudi Venkata , Lakshmi Jaya
Published: June 2021

A simple multi-attribute decision-making method based on ranking of alternatives and attributes is proposed in this paper. The method ranks the alternatives with respect to each of the attributes based on the corresponding performance measures. Similarly, the ranks are assigned to the attributes based on their importance as perceived by the decision maker. The ranks assigned to the alternatives with respect to each of the attributes and the ranks assigned to the attributes are converted to appropriate weights and the final composite scores of the alternatives are computed using these weights. An interesting feature of the proposed method is that the qualitative attributes (i.e. the attributes expressed in linguistic terms) need not require the use of fuzzy logic. The proposed method is very simple and useful in situations of limited time availability, presence of qualitative attributes, imprecise/incomplete/partial data, and decision maker’s limited attention and capability to process the information. The proposed method is proved easier and better compared to the other widely used decision-making methods. The proposed method will be tested further on more realistic problems of the industrial environment and the results will be reported soon.
A handbook on Legal Languages and the quest for linguistic equality in South Africa and beyond
Authors: Docrat Zakeera , Kaschula Russell H. , Ralarala Monwabisi K.
Published: June 2021

This is an interdisciplinary publication located in the discipline of forensic linguistics/ language and law. This handbook includes varying comparative African and global case studies on the use of language(s) in courtroom discourse and higher education institutions: Kenya; Morocco; Nigeria; Australia; Belgium Canada and India. These African and global case studies form the backdrop for the critique of the monolingual English language of record policy for South African courts, the core of this handbook, discussed in relation to case law and the beleaguered legal interpretation profession. This handbook argues that linguistic transformation and decolonisation of South Africa’s legal and higher education systems needs to be undertaken where legal practitioners are linguistically equipped to litigate in a bilingual/ multilingual courtroom that enables access to justice for the majority of African language speaking litigants, enforcing their constitutional language rights.
New locality record of Bipalium univittatum Grube, 1866 (Tricladida: Geoplanidae: Bipaliinae) from India
Authors:   Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree breeding, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. India, Selvamurugan Selvaraj , Bharathi N Santhana ,   UPASI TRF tea research institute, valparai, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. India
Published: June 2021

Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) are likely important components of the soil cryptofauna, although relevant aspects of their ecology such as their density remain largely unstudied. The land planarian Bipalium univittatum Grube,1866 (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) is thought to be native from Southeast Asia. This species is found in Periyakallar, Valparai, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu state, India. This note gives details, distribution, description and conservation status
Food plants and temperature dependent mortality of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors:   Aphid Systematics and Biocontrol Laboratory, Department of Zoology, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India, Rakhshan Rakhshan , Equbal Ahmad Md.
Published: June 2021

Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous pest on several agricultural plants in North East Bihar. Economically important four host plants viz., Phaseolus sinensis, Lablab purpureus, Vigna radiate, and Vigna mungo were used in the experiment. During the experiment, food plant and temperature-dependent mortality was found in A. craccivora. The highest mortality of A. craccivora was recorded on V. mungo (17.54%) followed by V. radiata (11.52%), L. purpureus (6.27%) and P. sinensis (4.18%) during November. Similarly, highest mortality was also recorded on V. mungo when studied during December, January, and February respectively. However, the effect of temperature was also recorded significantly. The highest and lowest mortality of A. craccivora was recorded 49.31% at (9.24±0.703 ºC) and 17.54% at (19.96±0.13 ºC) on V. mungo respectively. The significant variation was recorded when reared on different food plants in different months (F1=24.15, F2=29.72; P< 0.05). The highest mortality of A.craccivora shows the unsuitability of food plants and environmental factors
Efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicides on growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Doon Valley of Uttarakhand
Authors:   Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science & Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Prabhakar Pokharkar Sanket , Jambuvant Khose Pratap , Balashaheb Shinde Prashant
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was directed during Rabi season 2018-2019 at experimental farm of Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun (Uttarakhand) using pre-and post-emergence herbicides combined with Hand Weeding for successfully controlling of weeds, their result on yield and production economics on Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) variety used ‘Unnat PBW-343’. The dominant weed species present in field were Phalaris minor, Cynodon dactylon (L.) amongst dicot weeds like as Chenopodium album, Coronopus didymus, Fumaria parviflor, Medicago denticulate, Malva praviflora Vicia, Sativa Rumex debtatus, Sisymbrium irio among monocot, were observed during growing period. Lowest weed dry weight was observed in hand weeding at 30 and 60 Days after sowing. Higher Weed control efficiency up to (86.31 %) was recorded by Hand weeding at 30 and 60 Days after sowing. The treatment pendimethalin fb Sulfosulfuron @ 1 + 0.018 kg a.i.ha-1 P.E at 2 DAS and PoE at 30 DAS (T6) recorded greater yield attributes and seed and Stover yield (2540 kg/ha and 2668 kg/ha) and maximum net monetary return (Rs 36250) and Benefit: Cost ratio and 1.86.
Deep Learning based Cell Classification in Imaging Flow Cytometer
Authors: Gu Yi , Chen Aiguo , Zhang Xin , Fan Chao , Li Kang , Shen Jinsong
Published: June 2021

Deep learning is an idea technique for image classification. Imaging flow cytometer enables high throughput cell image acquisition and some have integrated with real-time cell sorting. The combination of deep learning and imaging flow cytometer has changed the landscape of high throughput cell analysis research. In this review, we focus on deep learning technologies applied in imaging flow cytometer for cell classification and real-time cell sorting. This article describes some recent research, challenges and future trend in this area.
COMMUTATIVITY OF RIGHT $S$-UNITAL RINGS UNDER SOME POLYNOMIAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors: ASHRAF M. , QUADRI M. A. , JACOB V. W.
Published: June 2021

In the present paper we discuss the commutativity of certain rings, namely rings with unity 1 and right s-unital rings under each of the following conditions:
\[ (P1)[yx^m - x^nf (y), x] = 0, \quad (P1)^*[yx^m - f (y)x^n, x] = 0, \]
where $m$, $n$ are fixed non-negative integers and $f(x)$ is a polynomial in $X^2\mathbb{Z}(X)$ varying with the pair of ring elements $x$, $y$. Further, the results have been extended to the case when $m$ and $n$ depend on the choice of $x$ and $y$ and the ring satisfies the Chacron's condition.
ON COMMUTATIVITY THEOREMS FOR P. I. - RINGS WITH UNITY
Authors: KEZLAN THOMAS P.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show how a previous commutativity theorem for general rings can be used to prove commutativity theorems for rings with unity, and to obtain several new results via this route, e.g., if a ring with unity satisfies either $x^k[x^n, y] = [x, y^m]x^\ell$ or $x^k[x^n,y] = [x,y^m]y^\ell (m > 1)$ and if either (A) $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime or (B) $n[x,y]=0$ implies $[x,y]=0$, then $R$ is commutative.
ON NONLINEAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH DEVIATING ARGUMENTS
Authors: BALACHANDRAN K. , ILAMARAN S.
Published: June 2021

We prove an existence theorem for a class of nonlinear inte- gral equations with deviating arguments.
TOTALLY UMBILICAL CR-SUBMANIFOLDS OF A KAEHLER MANIFOLD
Authors: HAIDER S. M. KHURSHEED , KHAN V. A. , HUSAIN S . I.
Published: June 2021

In the present paper we study totally umbilical CR-submanifolds of a Kaehler manifold. A classification theorem for a $D^\perp$-totally umbilical CR-submanifold is proved. The conditions under which a CR- submanifold becomes a CR-product are obtained, and finally a theorem for a CR-submanifold to be a proper CR-product is also established.
GROUP RINGS WITH STRONGLY 2-GENERATED AUGMENTATION IDEALS
Authors: SALEM REFAAT M.
Published: June 2021

Suppose that $G$ is a finite supersolvable (infinite solvable) group, $K$ is a field of char $p>0$. Then the Augmentation ideal $w(K[G])$ is right strongly 2-generated iff $G$ is a $p'$-group-by-cyclic $P$-group (finite $p'$-group-by-infinite cyclic).
GENERALIZED CLASS OF UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS WITH TWO FIXED POINTS
Authors: URALEGADDI B. A. , SOMANATHA C.
Published: June 2021

Univalent functions of the form

\[ f(z)= a_1z-\sum_{n=2}^\infty a_nz^n\]

where $a_n \ge 0$, are dealt with. We examine the subclasses for which $(1 - \lambda)f(z_0)/z_0+\lambda f'(z_0) =1$ ($-1 <z_0 <1$). The coefficient inequali- ties and the extreme points of the classes that are starlike and convex of order o are determined. Many of the results of Silverman are obtained as particular cases.
A REFINEMENT OF HADAMARD'S INEQUALITY FOR ISOTONIC LINEAR FUNCTIONALS
Authors: DRAGOMIR SEVER SILVESTRU
Published: June 2021

A refinement of Hadamard's inequality for isotonic linear functionals and some applications to norm and discrete inequalities are given.
ALTERNATION THEOREM FOR $C(I,X)$ AND APPLICATION TO BEST LOCAL APPROXIMATION
Authors: AL-ZAMEL A. , KHALIL R.
Published: June 2021

Let $X$ be a Banach space with the approximation property, and $C(I,X)$ the space of continuous functions defined on $I = [0,1)$ with values in $X$. Let $u_i \in C(I,X)$, $i=1,2,\cdots, n$ and $M=span\{u_1, \cdots, u_n\}$. The object of this paper is to prove that if $\{u_1, \cdots, u_n\}$ satisfies certain conditions, then for $f \in C(I,X)$ and $g \in M$ we have $||f-g|| = \inf\{||f-h|| : h\in M\}$ if and only if $f-g$ has at least $n$-zeros. An application to best local approximation in $C(I,X)$ is given.
MULTIPLIERS FOR THE $\varphi - |C, \alpha|_k$ SUMMABILITY OF INFINITE SERIES
Authors: SULAIMAN W. T.
Published: June 2021

In this note we improve and generalize a theorem proved in 1988 by Bor concerning $\varphi - |C,1|_k$ summability factors of infinite series. This theorem includes several known results.
RINGS WITH $(R,R,R)$ AND $((R,R,R),R)$ IN THE LEFT NUCLEUS
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE
Published: June 2021

Let $R$ be a nonassociative ring, and $N$ the left nucleus. It is shown that if $R$ is a simple ring satisfying $(R,R,R) \subset N$ and $((R,R,R),R) \subset N$ and char $R\neq 2$, then $R$ is associative.
RINGS WITH A DERIVATION WHOSE IMAGE IS CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEI
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE
Published: June 2021

Let $R$ be a nonassociative ring, $N$, $M$, $L$ and $G$ the left nucleus, middle nucleus, right nucleus and nucleus respectively. Suh [4] proved that if $R$ is a prime ring with a derivation dsuch that $d(R) \subseteq G$ then either $R$ is associative or $d^3 =0$. We improve this result by concluding that either $R$ is associative or $d^2 =2d =0$ under the weaker hypothesis $d(R)\subseteq N$\cap M$ or $d(R)\subseteq N\cap M$ or $d(R)\subseteq M\cap L$. Using our result, we obtain the theorems of Posner [3] and Yen [11] for the prime nonassociative rings. In our recent papers we partially generalize the above main result.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Hypochondriasis and Psychosocial Adjustment in Divorced Women
Authors: Iri Hamideh , Makvandi Behnam , Bakhtiarpour Saeed , Hafezi Fariba
Published: June 2021

Background: Divorce is one of the most stressful life events leading to increased susceptibility to diseases and mood disorders such as hypochondriasis. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on hypochondriasis and psychosocial adjustment in divorced women in Tehran. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population in this study consisted of divorced women suffering from divorce-induced psychological distress who visited counseling centers in Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women selected by convenience sampling method. The participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 15 per group), and the pretest was performed for the experimental and control groups before the intervention program. The experimental group underwent ten sessions of ACT (90-minute sessions per week), and the control group did not receive any treatment. The research instruments included the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). The Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced hypochondriasis in divorced women (P = 0.043). In addition, ACT improved the psychosocial adjustment in these women (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: This intervention decreased anxiety under difficult conditions and also improved psychosocial adjustment in divorced women. Therefore, ACT can be used as an effective approach in reducing social and interactional problems and also anxiety in divorced women.
Immunovirological Assessment of HIV-Infected Patients and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Virus in Northeast of Iran
Authors: Abbasnia Shadi , Hassannia Tahereh , Ariaee Nazila , Sabet Faezeh , Razavi Pashabayg Kobra , Keyvani Hossain , Sarv-Ghad M, Reza , Ziaeemehr Aghigh , Fakor Faezeh , Valizadeh Narges
Published: June 2021

Background: The reliable laboratory tests, co-infection with other tumor viruses, and determining the genetic types are very important for therapy and monitoring of the clinical status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. Objectives: This study evaluated the co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the viral load, the progression of infection, and its correlation with the clinical status. Methods: Twenty HIV-infected cases were assessed for T cell subpopulations, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1 co-infection, as well as the viral load. For phylogenetic relationships analysis, the HIV-c2-v5 fragment and p17 of gag were amplified, sequenced, and then clustered using phylogenetic analysis by MEGA software with maximum-likelihood. Results: The quantity of HIV viral load by qRT-PCR (TaqMan) and Cobas-Amplicor monitor test had a very strong correlation (R = 0.881, P < 0.0001). A significant negative correlation was also found between CD4+ cell count and Cobas-Amplicor (R = -0.41, P = 0.06). A significant negative correlation was also found between CD4+ cell count and Cobas-Amplicor (R = -0.41, P = 0.06) with HIV monitor test results (R = -0.41, P = 0.06). The phylogenetic analysis for p17 regions in gag and c2-v5 in env genes showed that all subjects had AD genotype. The co-infection of the HIV subjects with HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1 was 75%, 75%, and 15%, respectively. A direct correlation was observed between CD8+ and HIV-HTLV-1 co-infection. Conclusions: The results showed that HIV CRF35-AD, (M group) is more frequent in the northeast of Iran, and both real-time quantification methods were reliable for monitoring the HIV-1 viral load. In addition, the transmission rate of HTLV-1 is lower than HBV and HCV among drug abusers.
The Last Animal
Authors: Golub Jeffrey A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

In this essay, I argue that Socrates adopts a philosophical stance of indifference that is particularly unique to the Protagoras. The peculiarity stems from Socrates’s (or perhaps Plato’s) significant interest in dealing with Protagoras as a certain kind of thinker rather than merely a sophist in general. The stance of indifference is shown to be a dramatic reaction to the attitude sophists like Protagoras take toward philosophical problems, specifically, thinkers who understand solutions to philosophical problems as commodities. The stance is shown to anticipate certain Academic skeptical methods, to embolden Socratic ignorance, and shore up defenses against the sophistic insecurity of needing to succeed for the sake of success. This stance is elaborated upon in three specific aspects of Socrates’s dramatic portrayal culminating in a re-reading of the poem of Simonides and the myth of Prometheus and Epimetheus. I resist readings that try to see the Protagoras as a simple takedown of sophistry or as a catalog of platonic doctrine, and instead treat Protagoras as a “philosopher in decline,” a significantly dangerous type of thinker who is savvy enough to repurpose genuine insight for the sake of easy answers to immensely difficult problems.
Can Christians Join the Overlapping Consensus?
Authors: Billingham Paul ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2021

The success of political liberalism depends on there being an overlapping consensus among reasonable citizens—including religious citizens—upon principles of political morality. This paper explores the resources within one major religion—Christianity—that might lead individuals to endorse (or reject) political liberalism, and thus to join (or not join) the overlapping consensus. I show that there are several strands within Christian political ethics that are consonant with political liberalism and might form the basis for Christian citizens’ membership of the overlapping consensus. Nonetheless, tensions remain, and it is not clear that Christians could wholeheartedly endorse the political conception or give unreserved commitment to political liberal ideals.
Participation Grades
Authors: Bell Elizabeth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

I argue that instructor-graded participation assessments, which are one of the most popular ways to incentivize classroom participation, either fail to satisfactorily assess student participation or are open to issues of unconscious instructor bias. I then argue that a better way to assess participation is to use student self-assessments. Student-self assessments not only avoid these issues, but also have other added benefits like cultivating student self-reflection which is associated with academic gains. However, self-assessments pose new worries about under confidence biases and cultural differences for some students from diverse backgrounds. This is particularly worrisome since many students in these situations are already vulnerable to systemic biases. If there is a possibility that self-assessments might reinforce inequalities, great care needs to be taken in how they are designed and implemented. I then present a way to approach student self-assessment surveys and ways to frame classroom participation to help lessen the chance that these self-assessments will reinforce inequalities.
The Contemporary Cyborg
Authors: Dos Santos Victoria , Valdivieso Humberto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to study and explore the cyborg as a metaphoric figure, as well as its semiotic correlation with the contemporary subject, an entity moving through a society developed by digital technologies. The cyborg paradigm is formed by the unification of existing dichotomies between human-machine, nature-culture, and science-magic, disrupting transcendental dualisms and fixed categories. These phenomena can be understood through the concept of intertextuality developed first by Julia Kristeva and then by Roland Barthes, both using the cyborg body as a textual construction, and through Donna Haraway’s theory, which understands cyborgs as an indexical consequence of digital mediation in human society.
Photocontrollable PROTAC molecules: Structure and mechanism of action
Authors: Koravović Mladen , Tasić Gordana , Rmandić Milena , Marković Bojan
Published: June 2021

Traditional drug discovery strategies are usually focused on occupancy of binding sites that directly affect functions of proteins. Hence, proteins that lack such binding sites are generally considered pharmacologically intractable. Modulators of protein activity, especially inhibitors, must be applied in appropriate dosage regimens that often lead to high systemic drug exposures in order to maintain sufficient protein inhibition in vivo. Consequently, there is a risk of undesirable off-target drug binding and side effects. Recently, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology has emerged as a new pharmacological modality that exploits PROTAC molecules for induced protein degradation. PROTAC molecule is a heterobifunctional structure consisting of a ligand that binds a protein of interest (POI), a ligand for recruiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase (an enzyme involved in the POI ubiquitination) and a linker that connects these two. After POI-PROTAC-E3 ubiquitin ligase ternary complex formation, the POI undergoes ubiquitination (an enzymatic post-translational modification in which ubiquitin is attached to the POI) and degradation. By merging the principles of photopharmacology and PROTAC technology, photocontrollable PROTACs for spatiotemporal control of induced protein degradation have recently emerged. The main advantage of photocontrollable over conventional PROTACs is the possible prevention of off-target toxicity thanks to local photoactivation.
A review of botanical characteristics, chemical composition, pharmacological activity and use of parsley
Authors: Punoševac Milka , Radović Jelena , Leković Aleksandra , Kundaković-Vasović Tatjana
Published: June 2021

Parsley is a biennial aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family, which is characterized by an unbranched root, pinnately divided leaves, umbels and schizocarp. It contains essential oil in all parts, with phenylpropane and terpene compounds as main components. It is rich in flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, containing furanocoumarins, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and its leaves are a source of vitamins and minerals. The chemical composition of parsley depends on a number of factors, so it differs not only in different parts and varieties of the plant but also in different samples of the same parts of one variety. The most important parsley compounds are myristicin, apiol, 1-allyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene, b-phellandrene, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, b-pinene, terpinolene, apiin, oxypeucedanin and falcarinol. Parsley has a long tradition of use in the treatment of urinary tract disorders, and modern in vitro and in vivo studies reveal numerous effects of various parsley preparations such as diuretic, antiurolithiasis, hypouricemic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effect. Today, apart from its medical application, parsley is one of the most commonly used culinary herbs.
The effect of influenza vaccine immunization on natural antibodies
Authors: Živković Irena , Muhandes Lina , Petrušić Vladimir , Minić Rajna , Dimitrijević Ljiljana
Published: June 2021

Natural, polyreactive, low-affinity antibodies are known to play an important role not only in the immediate defense against pathogens, but also in shaping the acquired immune response. On the other hand, antigen specific, high-affinity antibodies can affect the balance of natural antibodies and lead to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we have analyzed the changes that occur in the IgM and IgG pool of natural antibodies after immunization with split or whole virion influenza vaccine. For this purpose, "in-house" developed ELISAs were used. The subjects were divided, according to the vaccination status, into those who had been immunized with the influenza vaccine in previous years and those who had been immunized for the first time. The analysis indicated that the pool of natural antibodies was not impaired by the immunization, evidenced by the lack of changes in any of the groups, and that certain fluctuations were induced in order to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system.
Environmental education and education for sustainable development: Conceptual solutions and dilemmas
Authors: Orlović-Lovren Violeta
Published: June 2021

The focus on education for sustainable development in global policy and literature opens up a range of different views on its relationship with environmental education. While a number of authors make a clear distinction between the two concepts, others believe that education for sustainable development (ESD) has actually displaced environmental education (EE). Different perceptions of these two concepts have implications for their integration into education at all levels. This paper offers a comparative analysis of trends and directions in defining these concepts both in global policy documents and in the literature in this field, with the aim of offering another perspective on their relationship and on the possibility of implementation in practice. The overview of the similarities and differences in their coneptualization has prompted a reconsideration of the dilemmas regarding the need for the existence of both concepts and the possibility of integrating them into education, which should play a key role in the achievement of the ideal of sustainability