bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Game streams and let’s play: Perspectives of a sociological analysis
Authors:   The Sociological Institute of the RAS — Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the RAS, Zinovyeva Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2021

The article provides an overview of research devoted to the popular practice of watching game streams and let’s play. The goal is to outline the “points of growth” for sociological analytics of the new field. Streams and let’s play videos are divided according to the criterion of online and offline communication: streams are created and shown synchronously online, and let’s play videos are recorded and edited offline. Today, both of these kinds of videos are integrated into the computer game industry, and the emergence of comments for the public date back to television shows. Based on the research results, it is possible to speak about the social structure of streams and let’s play videos — the leading role of the gamer or commentator and the community that is developing around his channel. Although the text of a computer game is the basis for comments, it still does not cover the entire topic of communication between a streamer/let’s play creator and the audience. Analysts think that computer game commenting is a form of resistance to the direct consumption of a computer game. The comment content often reflects not only the gaming experience, but the current agenda — politics, economics, and popular culture. Thus, the most popular streamers/let’s play creators become opinion leaders, their status is similar to that of other media celebrities who are at the center of a parasocial relationship. Viewers of game streams/let’s play videos form online communities with common interests, skills, and knowledge. Immersion in one information environment, understanding of its language and other symbols strengthens the feeling of belonging to a group of “friends”. The author’s contribution consists in the systematization of the research experience on the problems of social aspects of commenting on computer games and in substantiating the sociological approach to this practice as a space for the life of new teams.
The rule of law as a universal value and the diversity of constitutional identity
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Kravets Igor’ A.
Published: January 2021

The article examines scientific approaches to understanding constitutional identity as a modern legal phenomenon and looks at the relationship between identity and constitutional law and constitutionalism. The concepts of “identity of the Constitution” and “constitutional identity” are distinguished and constitutional models of human dignity as elements of constitutional identity are analyzed, which demonstrate a variety of approaches to constitutional regulation and constitutional policy in the field of human rights. The article expounds on the rule of law as a universal value as well as a constitutional and legal concept. The origin of the doctrine of “rule of law” is examined in addition to the theoretical foundations and historical roots of the doctrine as well as the relationship between constitutionalism and the rule of law in modern jurisprudence. The author also considers the following: domestic and international aspects of the rule of law doctrine; its influence on the forms and practice of modern constitutionalism and constitutional identity; the prospects for constitutionalization of the elements of the rule of law and constitutional identity in the context of the formation of constitutionalism of human dignity; the relationship and interdependence of the rule of law and constitutional identity, on the one hand, human dignity and the rule of law, on the other hand; influential factors on the rule of law; constitutional identity and constitutional justice; the extent to which the rule of law can be a universal value in the practice of constitutional justice; the ontological and epistemological elements of cognitive constitutionalism and the rule of law. The difficulties of implementing the ideas and concepts of the rule of law through the practice of constitutional justice are also analyzed. The author concludes that there is a problem of the multiplicity of forms and subjects of constitutional identity. Identity, as well as the rule of law, cannot be built only in categories of exclusivity: both general and specific features are formed in the space of the dialogue of law, history, and culture.
Prepositional units, formed on the basis of prepositional-noun forms (based on the material of modern Russian media)
Authors:   Peking University, Zhou Haiyan
Published: January 2021

The article deals with prepositional units formed on the basis of prepositional-noun and widely used in modern Russian media. These units were studied in different aspects and were referred to by different terms. We, following M. V. Vsevolodova, use the broader term “prepositional units” and divide prepositional units into three groups. The first group includes prepositional units of the type ввиду (чего-н.), вместо (кого-чего-н.), вроде (кого-чего-н.), which have a structural integrity. The second group includes such as в силу (чего-н.), в честь (кого-чего-н.), в течение (чего-н.), which differ separately. The third group is prepositional units of the type в рамках (чего-н.), в области (чего-н.), на фоне (чего-н.), etc., which were characterized by the possible insertion of consistent adjectives or pronouns. In the article, using the transitivity scale of V. V. Babaytseva, the similarities and differences of prepositional units are revealed, and the stages they occupy on the path of identification depending on the specifi use are revealed. From the point of view of the diachronic transition of language phenomena, these prepositional units reflect the process of their lexicalization, that is, it is clear that they have turned from separate syntactic units into a single lexical unit. On the other hand, there is also a grammaticalization process, that is, there is a desemanization and decategorization of each element within the unit. It indicates a close relationship between lexicalization and grammaticalization. The functional similarity of the prepositional forms of the noun and the preposition, a high frequency of use «предлог+падежная форма существительного» facilitate the transition into the prepositional units.
The comparative historical and comparative legal characteristics of the Islamic criminal procedure
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gusenova Patimat A. , Stoyko Nikolay G. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

In order to analyze and characterize modern forms of the criminal process, it is customary to use comparative legal typologies. Within the framework of the comparative legal approach, the division of the criminal investigative process and controversial types is widespread (‘common’). Each of them is characterized by a certain spectrum of ideal attributes, opposed to each other and “embedded” in a wider typology of legal families. This article raises the question of the existence of a third universal model of the criminal process, which is considered the criminal process of the countries of Islamic rule (Islamic). It is concluded that in its technical structure (at the level of its procedural form), the Islamic criminal process belongs to the investigative type. However, if we consider the Islamic criminal process from the point of view of its procedural content, which has a religious legal explanation, it undoubtedly has the specifics that make it possible to speak of it as an independent ideal type (universal model). This is evidenced by three characteristics: the supremacy of the Koran and the Sunna over legislation and precedent; the priority of ijma (unanimous opinion of Muslim legal scholars) over the law (its procedural and substantive provisions) and judicial decisions (precedent); the administration of justice only by the cadi (judges who, by virtue of religious duty, subordinate to themselves all participants in the criminal process and are responsible for its entire course and outcome).
The process of Islamization of modern Turkish society in modern Turkish literature (on the example of Orhan Pamuk’s works)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Avrutina Apollinaria S.
Published: January 2021

The article is an analysis of the work of the Turkish Nobel Laureate in Literature for 2006, Orhan Pamuk, in the context of the development of modern Turkish society. In recent decades, a process of moderate Islamization has been observed in Turkey, and if until the end of the 1990s the country aspired to Europe, the European community, and officially turned mainly to European values, now there is a reverse movement. European values to a certain extent dominated Turkish literature of the 20th century: various types of freedoms, equality and women’s rights, the secularization of society — the main themes of the leading Turkish novels of the 20th century. It is surprising that the current processes are rather poorly reflected in modern literature. Orhan Pamuk, one of the youngest Nobel laureates and the most famous Turkish writer of the 20th–21st centuries, is a liberal and supporter of Eurocentrism. At the beginning of his career, he played the role of the continuer of the work of a whole galaxy of Turkish authors, whose gaze, despite the difference in political convictions, was focused only on the West and its culture. However, now the diachronic analysis of all his novels shows a reflection of the current serious social changes. In recent novels, Orhan Pamuk, following Turkish society, demonstrates the inclination of his protagonists towards traditional Muslim values. It is obvious that what is happening is a general phenomenon, an example of a deep tendency in the Middle East Muslim culture in general.
The question of proving God’s existence
Authors:   Ss. Cyril and Methodius Theological Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Katasonov Vladimir N.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the approach to the question of proving the existence of God from the point of view of the concept of personality. Human existence is not limited to the concept of nature: individuality is not equal to personality. Attempts to reduce consciousness to brain function remain a hypothesis. The anthropological problem of man cannot be solved only within the framework of natural science. The phenomenological philosophy of the 20th century found a new way within the framework of philosophical anthropology, the key concept of which is the concept of personality. Man is constantly striving to transcend his nature in his life. The historical existence of the individual is realized through the transformation of the world in accordance with value attitudes. The very existence of religions is an answer to an individual’s query about the meaning of the fundamental facts of life: birth, death, and the existence of evil. Personality, personal being, is both a fact and a task for man: everything that exists must be personified. The dialogical aspect of being a person is considered. The personal existence of man also requires a personal God. The revelation of the personal God is a response to the human thirst for supernatural communication. The church acts as a unity of personalities in the super personality of God, transcending the boundary of earthly life. The very existence of the Christian Church is a personalistic analog of the proof of the existence of God.
“Jews of Islam”: A monograph by a well-known Islamic scholar is translated for the first time into Russian
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Avrutina Apollinaria S.
Published: January 2021

Review of the translation of the monograph: Lewis B. Jews of Islam / foreword by M. Cohen; transl. from English by M. Lipkin. Moscow: Knizhniki Publ., 2020. 216 p.
Comparative Analysis of Fracture Strength of Remaining Tooth Structure after Endodontic Treatment with Various Access Cavity Preparation Techniques
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed , AlJeaidi Zaid A. , AlQahtani Ali Robaian , Abuelqomsan Mohammed Ali Salem , Alofi Raneem Suleiman , Alghomlas Ziyad Ibrahim , Abdullah AlOthman Tameem
Published: January 2021

Background:

A perfect balance needs to be maintained between various types of endodontic access cavity preparation designs like - Traditional and conservative designed preparation to have access to the root canal system for proper cleaning and shaping of root canals without compromising the fracture resistance of the tooth structure.

Aims and Objectives:

We aimed to assess as well as draw comparisons of resistance against fracture of remaining tooth structure post the endodontic treatment after preparing access cavity through a variety of techniques so that we can estimate which type of cavity design technique will help endodontically treated teeth to withstand excessive load without fracture.

Methods:

Forty-two intact teeth (mandibular molars) were randomly selected and then were assigned to 07 different groups, inclusive of control and test groups. Various designs of access cavity preparation were done on sample teeth. The groups were divided based on different access cavity preparation designs as well as residual walls. The samples were then mounted on a composite cylinder, which was loaded under a mechanical testing machine at 0.5mm/min speed till the tooth structure fractured. This measurement of force was denoted in newton. The later analysis was carried out with the help of two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as well as Tukey’s post-hoc statistical tests.

Results:

There was negligible statistically relevant variance in strength towards fracture between traditional and conservative designs in teeth having three remaining walls. However, teeth with only two remaining walls fractured easily.

Conclusion:

Fracture resistance of teeth with remaining 03 residual walls did not show any significant difference among Traditional (TEC) and Conservative Cavity (CEC) design groups, but increased fracture strength was reported in CEC with 02 residual walls.
A ocupação paleolítica da margem esquerda do Baixo Minho: a indústria lítica do sítio de Pedreiras 2 (Monção, Portugal) e a sua integração no contexto regional
Authors: Ferreira Carlos , Cunha-Ribeiro João Pedro , Monteiro-Rodrigues Sérgio , Méndez‑Quintas Eduardo , Xavier Pedro , Meireles José , Gomes Alberto , Santonja Manuel , Pérez‑González Alfredo
Published: January 2021

The recent increase of archaeological survey has allowed a better definition of the Acheulean techno-complex in the Iberian Peninsula, and its integration in the African and Eurasian context. This paper aims to extend the discussion around the technological features of the peninsular lithic industries of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene, through the presentation of the data from Pedreiras 2 (Monção, Alto Minho). The site excavation, on the scope of the Miño-Minho Project, allowed to recover lithic artefacts associated with the Acheulean techno-complex, testifying human occupation in a region where, until recently, only isolated remains were known, and whose chronological data fits its chronology into the second half of the Middle Pleistocene
Potential of bacteria in sheep feces as biogas formation starter on lignite coal media
Authors: Astuti Hidayati Yuli , ET Marlina , KN Rahmah , K Pinandito , GCK Puteri , E Harlia
Published: January 2021

Sheep farms produce waste in the form of feces and urine that are organic materials and the source of bacteria. This study aims to determine the potential of bacteria in sheep feces when used as a starter for biogas formation (the number of anaerobic bacteria and biogas production) on lignite coal media. The method used in this study was experimental in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and Duncan test was performed to find out the differences between treatments. The research procedure was divided into two stages. The first stage was in vitro method to select the feces sample with the largest biogas production. The second stage was utilizing enriched media (media 98-5) liquid for observing the growth of bacteria originating from selected sheep feces, and then the bacteria consortium was used as starters on lignite coal media. The treatments were based on the concentration of bacteria consortium used, T1=0%, T2=1.5%, T3=3%, and T4=4.5%. The number of anaerobic bacteria was observed in Hungate tubes, and biogas production was observed in serum bottles. The results showed that the highest number of anaerobic bacteria (1012 CFU/ml) and the highest biogas production (105 mL) were achieved at T2=1.5%. Bacteria in sheep feces can be potentially used as a biogas forming agent on lignite coal media, which is proved by the growth of anaerobic bacteria and the biogas production from present study.
The relation between broiler production management with its business analysis in Kediri district, East Java
Authors: Anggriawan Rico , Kurniawan David
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted in April to August 2019 to determine the relation between broilers’ production management with its business analysis in Kediri district, East Java. The research using survey methods. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, which was carried out by interviews and field observations. Determination of location and respondent uses purposive sampling method and selects 25 farmers. Production management indicators consist of five categories; breed, feeding, housing system, maintenance, and health. Business analysis indicators consist of R/C ratio, Break Event Point (BEP), and Payback Period (PP. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method using the Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The results showed that farmers had implemented production management well. Broiler partnership farm is a profitable business. The value of Revenue Cost ratio was 1.45 and with the Payback Period for 2.97 years. Production management of broiler farms has a positive and significant effect on its business analysis.
Evaluation partial substitution of fresh forage with silage on dairy milk production in Kunak which added palm kernel meal and Gracilaria sp on daily feed
Authors: Herliatika Agustin , Galih Permana Idat , Despal Despal
Published: January 2021

Kunak is the biggest community for a traditional dairy cattle farmer in West of Java. Providing good qualities and quantities of forage continuously in a year for ruminants, still be one problem in this community caused by different forage production between the dry season and rainy season. High forage production in the rainy season could be stored as silage to provide forage requirement in the dry season. These research examined in 2 experiments. The first experiment aimed to determine the effect partial-substitute of fresh forage uses grass silage on the quantities and qualities of daily milk production. The second experiment aimed to determine the quantities and qualities of dairy cattle milk production, affected by adding Gracilaria sp (GS) on partial-substitute of fresh forage uses grass silage and palm kernel-meal (S-PKM) on daily feed. These research uses complete randomized design divided into two treatments (to substitute as much as 0% and 10.08% Dry matter of fresh forage with grass silage) with five replications on the first experiment and three treatments (0%S-PKM-0%GS; 19.51%S-PKM-0%GS; 15.03%S-PKM-2.03%GS) with three replications on the second experiment. The results showed that substituting as much as 10.08% DM of fresh forage uses grass silage does not affect the feed intake (11.56-11.98 Kg DM/head/day), Feed Digestibility (59.37-63.45%), milk protein-production (0.36-0.37 Kg/head/day), milk fat-production (0.54-0.58 Kg/head/day), daily milk production (12.36-12.67 Kg/head/day) in the first experiment. Feed intake (Kg DM /head/day), milk protein-production (Kg/head/day), milk fat-production (Kg/head/day), and daily milk production (Kg/head/day) increase with added 15.03%S-PKM-2.03%GS in the second experiment.
CRITÉRIOS GEOGRÁFICOS PARA LOCALIZAÇÃO DOS “POSTOS” DA POLÍCIA RODOVIÁRIA FEDERAL NO RS
Authors: Dorfman Adriana , Ribeiro Rafael da Rocha
Published: January 2021

Falta de efetivo, postos fechados e sensação de insegurança fazem parte da realidade do controle do território por parte dos órgãos de segurança pública no Brasil e, de maneira mais concreta, no Rio Grande do Sul. Este quadro nos leva a buscar maior qualificação das decisões tomadas pelas instâncias gestoras da segurança pública. Um dos papéis da Universidade é colaborar para essa qualificação, sendo este o propósito deste projeto, em colaboração com a Polícia Rodoviária Federal.
Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning for Identifying Incident Stroke From Electronic Health Records: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Fu Sunyang , Bielinski Suzette J , Decker Paul A , Chamberlain Alanna M , Roger Veronique L , Liu Hongfang , Larson Nicholas B
Published: January 2021

Background

Stroke is an important clinical outcome in cardiovascular research. However, the ascertainment of incident stroke is typically accomplished via time-consuming manual chart abstraction. Current phenotyping efforts using electronic health records for stroke focus on case ascertainment rather than incident disease, which requires knowledge of the temporal sequence of events.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning–based phenotyping algorithm for incident stroke ascertainment based on diagnosis codes, procedure codes, and clinical concepts extracted from clinical notes using natural language processing.

Methods

The algorithm was trained and validated using an existing epidemiology cohort consisting of 4914 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with manually curated incident stroke events. Various combinations of feature sets and machine learning classifiers were compared. Using a heuristic rule based on the composition of concepts and codes, we further detected the stroke subtype (ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack or hemorrhagic stroke) of each identified stroke. The algorithm was further validated using a cohort (n=150) stratified sampled from a population in Olmsted County, Minnesota (N=74,314).

Results

Among the 4914 patients with AF, 740 had validated incident stroke events. The best-performing stroke phenotyping algorithm used clinical concepts, diagnosis codes, and procedure codes as features in a random forest classifier. Among patients with stroke codes in the general population sample, the best-performing model achieved a positive predictive value of 86% (43/50; 95% CI 0.74-0.93) and a negative predictive value of 96% (96/100). For subtype identification, we achieved an accuracy of 83% in the AF cohort and 80% in the general population sample.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a machine learning–based algorithm that performed well for identifying incident stroke and for determining type of stroke. The algorithm also performed well on a sample from a general population, further demonstrating its generalizability and potential for adoption by other institutions.
Characterizing the Anticancer Treatment Trajectory and Pattern in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer Using Harmonized Observational Databases: Retrospective Study
Authors: Jeon Hokyun , You Seng Chan , Kang Seok Yun , Seo Seung In , Warner Jeremy L , Belenkaya Rimma , Park Rae Woong
Published: January 2021

Background

Accurate and rapid clinical decisions based on real-world evidence are essential for patients with cancer. However, the complexity of chemotherapy regimens for cancer impedes retrospective research that uses observational health databases.

Objective

The aim of this study is to compare the anticancer treatment trajectories and patterns of clinical events according to regimen type using the chemotherapy episodes determined by an algorithm.

Methods

We developed an algorithm to extract the regimen-level abstracted chemotherapy episodes from medication records in a conventional Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM) database. The algorithm was validated on the Ajou University School Of Medicine (AUSOM) database by manual review of clinical notes. Using the algorithm, we extracted episodes of chemotherapy from patients in the EHR database and the claims database. We also developed an application software for visualizing the chemotherapy treatment patterns based on the treatment episodes in the OMOP-CDM database. Using this software, we generated the trends in the types of regimen used in the institutions, the patterns of the iterative chemotherapy use, and the trajectories of cancer treatment in two EHR-based OMOP-CDM databases. As a pilot study, the time of onset of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia according to regimen was measured using the AUSOM database. The anticancer treatment trajectories for patients with COVID-19 were also visualized based on the nationwide claims database.

Results

We generated 178,360 treatment episodes for patients with colorectal, breast, and lung cancer for 85 different regimens. The algorithm precisely identified the type of chemotherapy regimen in 400 patients (average positive predictive value >98%). The trends in the use of routine clinical chemotherapy regimens from 2008-2018 were identified for 8236 patients. For a total of 12 regimens (those administered to the largest proportion of patients), the number of repeated treatments was concordant with the protocols for standard chemotherapy regimens for certain cases. In addition, the anticancer treatment trajectories for 8315 patients were shown, including 62 patients with COVID-19. A comparative analysis of neutropenia showed that its onset in colorectal cancer regimens tended to cluster between days 9-15, whereas it tended to cluster between days 2-8 for certain regimens for breast cancer or lung cancer.

Conclusions

We propose a method for generating chemotherapy episodes for introduction into the oncology extension module of the OMOP-CDM databases. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrated the usability, scalability, and interoperability of the proposed framework through a distributed research network.
Technology to Improve Autonomy and Inform Housing Decisions for Older Adults With Memory Problems Who Live at Home in Canada, Sweden, and the Netherlands: Protocol for a Multipronged Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sturge Jodi , Meijering Louise , Jones C Allyson , Garvelink Mirjam , Caron Danielle , Nordin Susanna , Elf Marie , Légaré France
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Understanding the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems living at home has the potential to improve autonomy and inform shared decision making (SDM) about their housing options.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to (1) assess the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems, (2) co-design an electronic decision support intervention (e-DSI) that integrates users’ mobility patterns and experiences, (3) explore their intention to use an e-DSI to support autonomy at home, and (4) inform future SDM processes about housing options.

METHODS

Informed by the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) reporting guidelines, we will conduct a 3-year, multipronged mixed methods study in Canada, Sweden, and the Netherlands. For Phase 1, we will recruit a convenience sample of 20 older adults living at home with memory problems from clinical and community settings in each country, for a total of 60 participants. We will ask participants to record their mobility patterns outside their home for 14 days using a GPS tracker and a travel diary; in addition, we will conduct a walking interview and a final debrief interview after 14 days. For Phase 2, referring to results from the first phase, we will conduct one user-centered co-design process per country with older adults with memory issues, caregivers, health care professionals, and information technology representatives informed by the Double Diamond method. We will ask participants how personalized information about mobility patterns and experiences could be added to an existing e-DSI and how this information could inform SDM about housing options. For Phase 3, using online web-based surveys, we will invite 210 older adults with memory problems and/or their caregivers, split equally across the three countries, to use the e-DSI and provide feedback on its strengths and limitations. Finally, in Phase 4, we will triangulate and compare data from all phases and countries to inform a stakeholder meeting where an action plan will be developed.

RESULTS

The study opened for recruitment in the Netherlands in November 2018 and in Canada and Sweden in December 2019. Data collection will be completed by April 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This project will explore how e-DSIs can integrate the mobility patterns and mobility experiences of older adults with memory problems in three countries, improve older adults’ autonomy, and, ultimately, inform SDM about housing options.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04267484; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267484

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19244
Risk Stratification for Early Detection of Diabetes and Hypertension in Resource-Limited Settings: Machine Learning Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Boutilier Justin J , Chan Timothy C Y , Ranjan Manish , Deo Sarang
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The impending scale up of noncommunicable disease screening programs in low- and middle-income countries coupled with limited health resources require that such programs be as accurate as possible at identifying patients at high risk.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop machine learning–based risk stratification algorithms for diabetes and hypertension that are tailored for the at-risk population served by community-based screening programs in low-resource settings.

METHODS

We trained and tested our models by using data from 2278 patients collected by community health workers through door-to-door and camp-based screenings in the urban slums of Hyderabad, India between July 14, 2015 and April 21, 2018. We determined the best models for predicting short-term (2-month) risk of diabetes and hypertension (a model for diabetes and a model for hypertension) and compared these models to previously developed risk scores from the United States and the United Kingdom by using prediction accuracy as characterized by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the number of false negatives.

RESULTS

We found that models based on random forest had the highest prediction accuracy for both diseases and were able to outperform the US and UK risk scores in terms of AUC by 35.5% for diabetes (improvement of 0.239 from 0.671 to 0.910) and 13.5% for hypertension (improvement of 0.094 from 0.698 to 0.792). For a fixed screening specificity of 0.9, the random forest model was able to reduce the expected number of false negatives by 620 patients per 1000 screenings for diabetes and 220 patients per 1000 screenings for hypertension. This improvement reduces the cost of incorrect risk stratification by US $1.99 (or 35%) per screening for diabetes and US $1.60 (or 21%) per screening for hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

In the next decade, health systems in many countries are planning to spend significant resources on noncommunicable disease screening programs and our study demonstrates that machine learning models can be leveraged by these programs to effectively utilize limited resources by improving risk stratification.
Use of Deep Learning to Predict Acute Kidney Injury After Intravenous Contrast Media Administration: Prediction Model Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yun Donghwan , Cho Semin , Kim Yong C , Kim Dong K , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon W , Kim Yon S , Han Seung S
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Precise prediction of contrast media–induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is an important issue because of its relationship with poor outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

Herein, we examined whether a deep learning algorithm could predict the risk of intravenous CIAKI better than other machine learning and logistic regression models in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT).

METHODS

A total of 14,185 patients who were administered intravenous contrast media for CT at the preventive and monitoring facility in Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed. CIAKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 2 days or ≥50% within 7 days. Using both time-varying and time-invariant features, machine learning models, such as the recurrent neural network (RNN), light gradient boosting machine (LGM), extreme gradient boosting machine (XGB), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), κ-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression, were developed using a training set, and their performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in a test set.

RESULTS

CIAKI developed in 261 cases (1.8%). The RNN model had the highest AUROC of 0.755 (0.708-0.802) for predicting CIAKI, which was superior to that obtained from other machine learning models. Although CIAKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% within 3 days, the highest performance was achieved in the RNN model with an AUROC of 0.716 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.664-0.768). In feature ranking analysis, the albumin level was the most highly contributing factor to RNN performance, followed by time-varying kidney function.

CONCLUSIONS

Application of a deep learning algorithm improves the predictability of intravenous CIAKI after CT, representing a basis for future clinical alarming and preventive systems.
Positioning Digital Tracing Applications in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in France (Preprint)
Authors: Albouy-Llaty Marion , Martin Caroline , Benamouzig Daniel , Bothorel Eric , Munier Gilles , Simonin Catherine , Guéant Jean-Louis , Rusch Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many European countries have developed a public health strategy involving the use of digital contact tracing (DCT) applications to improve timely tracking and contact tracing of COVID-19 cases. France’s independent COVID-19 Control and Society Connection Council (CCL) was established by law in May 2020 to issue advice and recommendations on the national epidemic digital systems. In this paper, we present the recommendations by the CCL, with the objective to increase the uptake and utility of French DCT applications. As the country's most vulnerable population has been subjected to greater virus exposure, a stronger impact of the lockdown, and less access to preventive and health care services, the CCL is particularly aware of health inequalities. The French DCT app TousAntiCovid had been downloaded by 13.6 million users (ie, 20% of the French population) in March 2021. To promote the use of DCT apps, the CCL has recommended that communication about the app’s individual and collective objectives be increased. The CCL has also recommended the introduction of clear, simple, accessible, incentivizing, noncoercive information within the digital tools. In addition, the CCL has recommended improving public health policies to address the needs of the underprivileged. The CCL calls for promoting population empowerment with the use of digital tools, improving public health culture for decision-makers dealing with health determinants, taking social considerations into account, and incorporating community participation.
Effect of sodium chloride and temperature on biofilm formation and virulence of Flavobacterium columnare isolated from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: My Nguyen Thi Kim , Dung Tu Thanh , Rodkhum Channarong , Ha Dong Thanh
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the biofilm formation ability at various salt concentrations and temperatures of Flavobacterium columnare isolated from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at Can Tho University. Microtiter plate assay and the in vivo challenge were used to test the virulence of this strain of F. columnare for 10 days by immersion method at different salt concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 ppt). Results showed that biofilm formation of F.columnare was inhibited at 3 and 6 ppt and stronger reductions were recorded at 9, 12 and 15 ppt. In the same trend, the higher temperature the lower biofilm formation, the highest biofilm formation was at 25°C treatment, then it was reduced at 28 and 31°C and at 35°C the formed biofilm was greatly reduced. Interestingly, there were no statistically significant differences between 28 and 31°C (P>0.05). The virulent study found that 100% fish died after 1 day post challenge at 0 ppt. There were 10% and 25% of fish died at 3 and 6 ppt respectively. No dead fish was found at 9 and 12 ppt. In conclusion, biofilm formation was inhibited at 3 ppt, was almost controlled at 9, 12 and 15 ppt and was also mostly reduced at 31°C at least in the in-vitro study. Furthermore, the virulence of this bacterial strain was controlled 90% at 3 ppt and completely controlled (100%) at 9, 12 and 15 ppt.
In vitro anti-inflammatory resorcinol derivatives and their in silico analysis
Authors: Mahmuda Rahen , De Tran Quang , Shoshi Negar Sultana , Poly Khadija Akhter , Saha Pranoy , Bepary Sukumar , Islam Shahenul , Akhter Shamima
Published: January 2021

Resorcinol with its two hydroxyl groups was derivatized in laboratory to observe the anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. Subsequently in silico docking analysis was done for observing the binding modes in cyclooxygenase enzyme to have idea about the subsequent possible developments. At the doses of 200 mg/ml and 400 mg/ml. the compounds showed the anti-inflammatory property, where 02 offered dose dependent 51% and 70% of inhibition of heat induced hemolysis respectively. The scaffold thus poses as an interesting pharmacophore suitable for lead generation for the inflammatory disorders.
Fertility Determinan in Sudan: Analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2014
Authors: Hassan Mustafa Elnagi Elsamani , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Pitoyo Agus Joko
Published: January 2021

Sudan has continuously reported high fertility rates. While the influence of both underlying and proximate determinants is well documented in various studies worldwide, there’s a lack of recent information on their influence on fertility in Sudan. Therefore, the objective of this study to examine the levels, patterns and determinants of fertility in Sudan. The analyses were based on 2014 Sudan Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (SMICS) data. The SMICS data is nationally representative data. The survey sampled 18,302 women across the country, collecting information on females aged 15-49 years. The analysis was based on the Bongaarts Model. Results show that post-partum infecundability has the largest effect in reducing fertility in Sudan (30.7 per cent or 4.7 birth) followed by marriage (27.5 per cent or 4.3 birth) and contraceptive (7.8 per cent or 1.2 birth). The findings of study shown also that significant differences between education, wealth, and place of residence. This means that the increase in education, especially higher education, improve the wealth status and living in urban areas seem to have a great influence toward fertility education in Sudan. Also, it agreed that there is a regional fertility differential associated with social and economic development in the different region and states. Therefore, in order to manage fertility in Sudan, policies and programmes should consider the effects of marriage, postpartum infecundity, contraception, education, and wealth on fertility. Lack of such targeted interventions, population growth will remain a challenge in Sudan.
Aktor dan Konfigurasi Subsistem dalam Perubahan Kebijakan Pengolahan Sampah Menjadi Listrik di Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Gayatri Sri Utami , Baiquni M. , Darwin Muhadjir , Tumiran Tumiran
Published: January 2021

Population growth in DKI Jakarta Province continues to increase. The consequence of population increase is indeed in the volume of waste which also continues to increase and at the same time the need for energy is increasing. Since 2011 DKI Provincial Government has implemented waste to energy (WTE) in Bantargebang TPST, but it was not as the main processing unit. Since 2011, DKI Provincial Government has also compiled a plan (2012-2032 Waste Management System Master Plan) to make WTE as a central processing unit by making an Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF) at four points in DKI Jakarta Province. It was only in 2018, one ITF in Sunter began to be built. To unravel the problem of the slow implementation of RISPS, researcher tried to map the existing network of actors and to explore the extent to which the configuration of the subsystem accepted new ideas and actors in the context of accelerating WTE development. The results of this study indicated that the policy change process runs gradually paradigmatically oriented to policy goals in an open subsystem.
Determinan Perempuan Keluar dari Praktik Kawin Anum Suku Banjar
Authors: Kartika Norma Yuni , Darwin Muhadjir , Sukamdi Sukamdi
Published: January 2021

“Kawin anum” dalam bahasa Banjar berarti perkawinan di bawah 16 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Raya Belanti, Kecamatan Binuang, Kabupaten Tapin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dengan praktik kawin anum yang dipraktikkan oleh 90,26 persen penduduk perempuannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui determinan perempuan keluar dari praktik kawin anum Suku Banjar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain sequential explanatory method. Tahap pertama adalah melakukan survei terhadap 127 responden yang terdiri atas 37 perempuan yang menikah di bawah 16 tahun (pelaku kawin anum) dan 90 perempuan yang menikah pada usia 16-30 tahun, dan kemudian hasil analisis tahap pertama dieksplorasi lebih lanjut pada tahap kedua dengan metode kualitatif. Pada tahap kedua, informan dipilih berdasarkan hasil analisis tahap pertama dan 14 perempuan yang menolak desakan untuk segera menikah, 14 orang tua dan 9 stakeholders. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat variabel yang menjadi determinan perempuan keluar dari praktik kawin anum, yaitu variabel individual (berpendidikan tinggi dan bekerja), interpersonal (tingkat ekonomi keluarga asal perempuan tinggi), institusional (syarat menikah sudah memiliki kartu tanda penduduk) dan sosietal (memenuhi syarat usia minimal resmi yang diijinkan untuk menikah menurut undang-undang perkawinan).Kawin anum in local languange of Banjar means that a marriage conducted those who are under 16 years old. The research of kawin anum is located in Raya Belanti Village, Binuang District, Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province where kawin anum was practiced by 90.26 percent of female residents. The purpose of this study was to find out the determinants of women who got out of kawin anum practice in Banjar Tribe. This study uses a sequential explanatory method design. The first stage was conducting a survey to 127 respondents, consisted of 37 women married under 16 (perpetrators of kawin anum) and 90 women who were married at the age of 16-30 years. The results of first phase of analysis were further explored in the second stage using a qualitative method. For the second stage, the informants were chosen based on the results of the first phase analysis and 14 women who refused the urge to get married immediately, 14 parents and 9 stakeholders were selected. The results showed that there were four variables which were the determinants of women getting out of kawin anum practices, namely individual variables (highly educated and working women), interpersonal (women came from families with high level of economy), institutional (to get married, one must had an identification card) and societal (has fulfiled the minimum legal age requirements in order to be permitted to marry according to marriage law).
Foreign Workers’ Roles for Businesses Breakout Process in an Ethnically Themed Market: The Case of Halal Food Markets in Kyoto, Japan
Authors: Pradikta Aris Chandra
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on understanding the connection between the breakout strategies of businesses and the migrant workers’ employment opportunities in ethnically themed markets, especially halal food businesses. Accordingly, this research aims to analyze the working sector where migrants are employed. On the one hand, globalized market conditions demand workers with adequate skills and knowledge to work abroad. On the other hand, studies in global cities describe that migrants’ working sector tends to serve economic areas that mainly assist similar ethnic customers. In order to address the issue of enclaving occupational activities, this research uses primary data obtained from ethnographic research and analyzes the findings using the existing frame of the breakout process and strategies. The research results show, first, the employment of foreign workers enables Japanese enterprises to reach targeted ethnic clientele by rebranding and remaking the existing products in the market. Moreover, even though these workers have been contributing to the companies’ breakout process, their roles cannot assure job security for the long-run. The evidence of this research also implies that in the current globalized market, labor importing practices rely on the dynamics of companies. However, as companies located in a specific location, the opportunity structures -such as local and national law, social discrimination, and market prospects- affect job stability along with migrants’ ability to transform their knowledge and skills.
Optimalisasi Modal Sosial Keluarga Muda dalam Membangun Ketahanan Ekonomi di Era Covid-19: Studi Kasus di Perdesaan Jawa
Authors: Setiadi Setiadi
Published: January 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused acute non-health impacts for various levels of society, including young families in rural areas of Java. This study presents the results of research that focus on the experiences of young families who work in the informal sector in overcoming the economic impacts due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The young families in this study were those who got married less than 10 years and/or had the oldest child aged less than 10 years. By using an anthropological approach and applying data collection method through participatory observations and in-depth interviews, this study concluded that there were two factors that made them be the most vulnerable group, yet they could face economic emergencies at the same time, such as first, their ability to optimize social capital to increase their own capacity and their family’s capacity in the face of economic vulnerability. They did productive economic activities by optimizing very limited work networks to survive their life. Second, they carefully performed minimal income management so that they could survive and fulfill the minimum household needs as a household unit.