bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Wars in the 21st Century
Authors: Stojanović Gospava
Published: September 2022

Today it would be difficult to define peace, as we witness that wars have many forms and aspects different from armed conflicts. Many modern wars, even if their actors do not want to call them that, are conflicts at other, even invisible or not totally discovered spheres (cyberspace, outer space, trade markets, etc.) with sophisticated, nonviolent (at classic meaning) methods. Hybrid war is from sociological, psychological, and security aspects, a totally different and complex form of violence and battle. The Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2014 is seen as a tipping point for more attention on hybrid wars and defense. Understanding, good concept of hybrid wars, and prepared defense explained how some of most powerful armies in the world loosed their battles against much weaker enemies. Still, distraction of hybrid threats requires deep understanding of mass and personal psychology, media, and culture.
An AMPIC Research on the Effects of Cyberbullying on Children
Authors: Yolcu Pelin
Published: September 2022

Cyberbullying is a new form of bullying and brings additional challenges for school staff. In addition to the numerous benefits that information and communication technologies provide, it also contributes to the occurrence of negativities. One of these negativities is that it adds a new dimension to peer bullying, which is already a problem in schools. This bullying, which is called cyber bullying or electronic bullying, is a subject that has just started to be studied in other countries and has not yet been studied in Turkey. This chapter qualitatively examined cyberbullying and exposure of children to cyberbullying.
The Use of Student-Generated Videos and Intercultural Group Assessment to Promote Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) in Higher Education
Authors: Meletiadou Eleni
Published: September 2022

Student-generated videos are a new form of assessment that has been increasingly used in higher education to enhance students' engagement and intercultural awareness, especially in business schools. Group diversity in assessment has also emerged recently but has not been widely explored as a means to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the diverse student cohorts in today's plurilingual higher education institutions. The current study explored students' perceptions of intercultural group assessment and videos as a form of assessment when student-generated videos are used to increase students' other-awareness and intercultural competence in HE and increase their engagement by using a technology-enhanced approach to allow students to develop a range of skills. Students stress the significance of their involvement in problem solving as members of diverse teams so that they learn how to promote EDI in their teams and reflect on how they can resolve tensions. The chapter provides recommendations for further research and highlights implications for theory and practice.
Upholding Classroom-Based Assessment Fairness in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Liu Andy Jiahao
Published: September 2022

Fairness and justice are two critical aspects to be considered while evaluating language assessments. The ranging pandemic worldwide, however, has posed immediate challenges to face-to-face teaching and classroom-based assessment, particularly for those employing traditional paper-and-pencil exams. Very little is known about teachers' assessment practices and such practices' usefulness in maintaining classroom-based assessment fairness in the time of COVID-19. As a response, this chapter explored teachers' assessment practices, teachers' strategies for upholding assessment fairness, and students' perceptions of such strategies' effectiveness in maintaining assessment fairness, from the standpoint of test-takers. Interview data suggested that teachers did consider fairness and justice issues when designing, developing, and administering classroom-based assessments in times of COVID-19, such as diversifying the assessment forms. The results call for sophisticated designs of assessment forms to maintain assessment fairness from test-taker perspectives.
Negotiating and Navigating Plurilingual Classroom Citizenship
Authors: Foster Nell , Van Avermaet Piet , Auger Nathalie
Published: September 2022

This chapter adopts the lens of social cohesion to explore the practices and perspectives of primary school pupils in Brussels, Belgium, when they were allowed to use their home languages in the classroom for the first time. Drawing on ethnographic data, the authors document how the pupils and teachers negotiated and navigated new sociolinguistic norms, generating novel forms of inclusive practice that reached across difference. Nonetheless, the introduction of a multilingual approach also destabilised feelings of class cohesion as the perceived benefits were unevenly spread across the group. The data highlights the complex terrain of multilingual insults, which fuelled pupil scepticism about an open language policy in the playground. This suggests that plurilingual classroom cohesion is best supported by approaches which openly embrace the potentially disruptive elements of a multilingual community, thereby enabling meaningful social learning.
Changes in Primary School Students' Ideas About History After Implementing a Gamified Intervention Programme
Authors: Martínez-Hita María , Carrasco Cosme Gómez , Miralles-Martínez Pedro
Published: September 2022

The teaching of history requires a process of change to encourage the active learning of historical research methods rather than the mere memorisation and the learning of concepts. The use of gamification can facilitate the development of the historical thinking skills. This quasi-experimental research had the aim of analysing the evolution of the conceptions on history as a subject of students in the fourth year of primary education in Spain. An experimental group, which worked with an active learning methodology based on gamification and historical thinking, was compared with a control group, which followed a traditional methodology. To achieve the aims of the research, a mixed performance test was applied to the students before and after the classroom intervention. The results demonstrated a higher degree of evolution in the students' conceptions in the experimental group. Therefore, the use of gamified active learning methodologies based on historical thinking is recommended in order to contribute towards the improvement of history education.
Gamification
Authors: de la Cruz-Campos Juan-Carlos , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , Berral-Ortiz Blanca , Alonso-García Santiago
Published: September 2022

The search for the optimization of educational processes has led to gamification becoming one of the teaching strategies that has received the most attention in recent years. This chapter carries out an analysis of the particularities that make up gamification as a learning technique for educational revitalization and updating. From a holistic perspective, a tour of the terminological particularities of gamification, constituent elements, benefits, and limitations is made. Likewise, this chapter reviews the main techno-pedagogical resources for the gamification of the Social Sciences classroom, focusing on the subject of History and the development of historical thinking skills, presenting different gamification experiences from a transversal perspective and proposes a compendium of gamified activities based on active learning. This work serves as a starting point for those teachers who intend to carry out gamified activities in their classroom within the field of Social Sciences.
Gamification Through Mobile Learning in University Students
Authors: Aznar-Díaz Inmaculada , Reche María Pilar Cáceres , Trujillo-Torres Juan-Manuel , Romero-Rodríguez José-María
Published: September 2022

Gamification is being implemented in university teaching as an innovative method in the teaching-learning process in line with 20th century society and the current type of student. The purpose of this chapter was to develop the experience of teaching innovation carried out with gamification, mobile learning, and flipped classroom resources and tools for trainee teachers at a Spanish university. Specifically, the experience was aimed at making classrooms more dynamic with mobile applications for self-assessment and reinforcement of learning using mobile devices. The results showed that students increased their autonomy, the acquisition of new knowledge, improved academic performance and content retention thanks to gamification. Finally, the use of mobile devices and applications brings students closer to the social and everyday reality outside the classroom.
Learning to Understand Historical Context
Authors: Rivero Pilar , Navarro-Neri Iñaki , Sánchez-Martínez Sergio , Pallarés Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2022

The development of historical thinking in students using active methodologies is an unavoidable opportunity to approach key events in the history of humanity, such as the Nuremberg trials. This chapter presents a proposal for gamification in the classroom through role-playing using a card game designed ad hoc in order to develop historical empathy in students. The objectives of this proposal are to determine the responsibilities of individuals and organisations for the execution of the German extermination programme, decide the seriousness of the facts proven through documentation and sources provided, value respect for life and tolerance as the foundations of democracy and human rights, investigate and become aware of the crimes committed by those involved, and value respect for life and tolerance as the foundations of democracy and human rights. This activity introduces students to a controversial topic such as the Nuremberg trials through activities such as the creation of a preliminary commission, the performance of the trial, and a debate.
The Use of WebQuests to Promote Democratic Education in a Higher Education Context
Authors: Campillo-Ferrer José María
Published: September 2022

During the last decades, literature has demonstrated the benefits of WebQuests as a potential resource for promoting critical thinking skills and knowledge. However, in higher education contexts, research on the use of WebQuests as a tool to promote democratic education is extremely scarce. Although there are some studies involving student teachers on the appropriateness and effectiveness of the WebQuest approach to learning, few studies have focused on the development of democratic education by students with the support of other ICT resources. The present study investigated the impact of WebQuests in higher education classrooms and on democratic education in the Region of Murcia, Spain. The design and planning of WebQuests was encouraged along with other electronic resources to help foster learning and networking among future teachers.
Impact of Credit Financing on the Ordering Policy for Imperfect Quality Items With Learning and Shortages
Authors: Jayaswal Mahesh Kumar , Sangal Isha , Mittal Mandeep
Published: September 2022

The paper develops an order quantity model with trade credit plus shortages under learning effects for deteriorating imperfect quality products. Generally, when the lot has imperfect items, the inspection of a lot is necessary to improve the quality of the lot. In this article, the seller provides a defective lot to his buyer under credit financing scheme, and after that buyer separates the whole lot under the screening process into two categories, one is defective and the other is non-defective items. The buyer sells out defective items at a low price as compared to non-defective items. It is assumed that customers' demand of good quality items is greater than the inspection rate for the whole lot to neglect the shortages situation. After keeping all points together, the buyer optimized his total profit concerning order quantity and shortage. A suitable numerical example and a sensitivity analysis have been provided for the validity of this model. The aim and utility of this paper have been presented in the conclusion section.
Edge Computing on Cooperative Host Security Defense System Based on Social IoT Systems
Authors: Xie Linjiang , Hang Feilu , Guo Wei , Zhang Zhenhong , Li Hanruo
Published: September 2022

Information security theory has its roots in the field of information systems. It is composed completely of ideas relating to information and the variety of systems on which it can be found. Information security phenomena are examined in this article to determine how and why they arise. While conducting the study for this paper, the objective was to understand better the connection between information security concepts and how companies use such concepts. This research proposes a cooperative host security defense system based on information security theory (CHSDS-IST). This proposed solution detects false data from unsecure communication by cooperative defense mechanism with information security theory. The simulation analysis finds the efficiency and reliability of the proposed scheme in internet attack prevention and detection over existing approaches. The outcome of the article is based on maximum path count, average installation time ratio is 85.6%, risk on attack path ratio is 79.03%, and comparison test results ratio is 80.4%.
Blockchain-Enabled Collaborative Edge Computing for Intelligent Education Systems Using Social IoT
Authors: Liu Xun
Published: September 2022

As new technologies such as the internet of things, big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing are widely used, intelligent learning platforms and web-based educational platforms are gaining popularity. Social internet of things (SIoT) uses mobile edge computing and interpersonal interactions among SIoT users to take advantage of the benefits that collaborative edge computing (CEC) offers, even while posing new challenges. The communication efficiency and the security of intelligent education systems must be considerably developed to ensure real-time services. Therefore, this work deliberates an advanced structural framework for a blockchain-enabled 6G communication network (BC-6GCN) for the intelligent education system. Schools must analyze massive data volumes to provide intelligent education services, leaving the data open to manipulation by malicious hackers. The challenges discussed can lead to the potential advancement of protected, reliable, and smart SIoT frameworks.
Face Detection-Induced Access Control System via Large Margin Metric Learning
Authors: Pu Li'e , Sun Jialin
Published: September 2022

With the development of science and technology and the acceleration of economic integration, identity authentication has become the most basic element in cyberspace and the basis of the whole information security system. Biometric recognition technology is an important technology in the process of identity authentication. Among them, face recognition technology has been favored by researchers, social applications, and users in the field of identity authentication by virtue of its inherent advantages such as ease of use and insensitivity. In this paper, a face recognition-based access control system is established with the help of large margin metric learning. First, a face library is input into a deep neural network to extract representation features. Second, the deep representation features are used to learn a large margin metric learning model. Third, the face image is captured by a digital camera to input into large margin metric learning model for identifying the person. The experimental results show that the proposed system can accurately identify most of the persons.
Influence of Career Adaptability on Career Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of IT Professionals
Authors: Chouhan Vikram Singh
Published: September 2022

The information technology sector is characterized by a dynamic environment with layoffs, although concurrently generating potential opportunities. To absorb unpredicted and hasty occupational shocks amid such volatility as well as possibilities, human capital in Indian IT industry have been striving hard to construct their capabilities that emanate from career adaptability. Current research endeavors to measure career adaptability and linkage with turnover intentions, career satisfaction, and job performance in the context of the Indian IT sector. Data were gathered from 401 Indian IT professionals. The findings revealed that career adaptability has a negative impact on turnover intention and positive impact on career satisfaction. Turnover intentions of Indian IT professionals are due to their career adaptability. Finally, a profound knowledge of the association of career adaptability with turnover intentions may facilitate us in discovering techniques to assist human capital in guiding the growingly multifarious career path, thus forestalling turnover intention and enhancing satisfaction.
A Framework for Analysis of Incompleteness and Security Challenges in IoT Big Data
Authors: Kumari Kimmi , Mrunalini M.
Published: September 2022

Data quality (DQ) is gaining traction as a new area to focus on for increasing organisational effectiveness. Despite the fact that the implications of poor data quality are often felt in the day-to-day operations of businesses, only a small percentage of companies use particular approaches for measuring and monitoring data quality. In this paper, the focus is on the efficiency and incompleteness of IOT big data and since security is the major concern in large clusters, map reduce technique is proposed in order to overcome the issues and challenges faced on regular basis while dealing with huge volume of information. Dealing with veracity is need of an hour and therefore, the work in this paper can be categorised into analysis, observation, proposing model and testing its accuracy and performance.
Exploring Attractive Quality Requirements for Short Food Supply Chain Digital Platforms
Authors: Burgess Patrick R. , Sunmola Funlade T.
Published: September 2022

Perceptions towards unsustainable supply chain practices in global, mainstream food systems are motivating a shift towards short food supply chains. Short food supply chains are developed to remove the physical and social distances between producer and consumer. Advances in digital technologies offer promise for short food supply chains, including platforms that can enable real-time data flow, create visibility, and support sustainable practices. This research aims to prioritise attractive quality requirements of short food supply chain digital platforms. The methodology consists of a literature review and Kano analysis for requirements prioritisation. The results show that the requirements span across the four Kano categories, attractive quality encompassing the largest number of requirements. The attractive quality requirements identified offer increased levels of satisfaction when present and have limited negative impact when missing. Therefore, they are considered exciting for potential users of a system. The limitations of the research and areas of future work are presented.
Supply Chain Efficiency and Effectiveness Management
Authors: Yin Qingwei , Tian Qian
Published: September 2022

The optimal productivity model plays a significant role in various supply chain management (SCM) decision support systems. Therefore, the precision of the optimal productivity model is necessary to improve SCM's effectiveness. A factor often ignored is that transactions of certain goods are assembled within an enterprise as dynamic structures of various distribution ratios. Regardless of such structure, optimal model productivity is often produced; however, the productivity model's optimal precision can be enhanced by taking it into account. This focusses on strategic thinking and planning, where various process improvement mechanisms are developed. Therefore, in this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been utilized to enhance supply chain efficiency and effectiveness management. This paper explores an optimal productivity model that evaluates the supply chain efficiency and effectiveness management. This paper discusses the policy preparation demands of the decision support systems and develops a framework that organisations can use to control the implementation process.
Social Network User Profiling With Multilayer Semantic Modeling Using Ego Network
Authors: Tamil Selvi P.  , Balasubramaniam Kishore , Vidhya S.  , Jayapandian N.  , Ramya K.  , Poongodi M.  , Hamdi Mounir , Tunze Godwin Brown
Published: September 2022

Social and information networks undermine the real relationship between the individuals (ego) and the friends (alters) they are connected with on social media. The structure of individual network is highlighted by the ego network. Egocentric approach is popular due to its focus on individuals, groups, or communities. Size, structure, and composition directly impact the ego networks. Moreover, analysis includes strength of ego – alter ties degree and strength of ties. Degree gives the first overview of network. Social support in the network is explored with the “gap” between the degree and average strength. These outcomes firmly propose that, regardless of whether the approaches to convey and to keep up social connections are evolving because of the dispersion of online social networks, the way individuals sort out their social connections appears to remain unaltered. As online social networks evolve, they help in receiving more diverse information.
Market Competition and Economic Effects of Government Policies
Authors: Forrest Jeffrey Yi-Lin , Liu Jun , Guo Huan , Liu Yong , Phipps Theresa M. , Yang Yuanjun , Cao Yaru
Published: September 2022

By utilizing systems methodology and thinking logic, this paper derives a general theorem to characterize when and how a market signals for additional competition from market players. Then, it establishes conditions for when government policies actually work in real life, where firms' performances are effectively promoted no matter what offer the firms produce. Among others, the established conditions include improving managerial and resource efficiencies, promoting information and knowledge sharing, joining in organizational networks, forming manufacturing agglomerations, and localizing economic policies. By using the difference-in-difference method, a real-life case analysis with data from China is used to confirm the six formal propositions established systemically in this paper. In the conclusion section, recommendations for policy makers, such as government officers, are provided regarding when and how adopted policies will potentially produce anticipated results, while directions and unsettled questions are also posted for the forthcoming academic endeavors.
Probability of Medication Adherence When Alarm Is Used as a Reminder
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Adhikary Anindita , Jha Ajeya , Saha Sangita , Bora Bedanta
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this research is to find the effect of alarm as a form of reminder in improving medication adherence rate. Medication non-adherence is a problem that adversely impacts patients' health, finances, and longevity. Several factors are associated with medication non-adherence. This research uses the method of probability estimates, risk difference, relative risk, and odds ratio to analyze the probability of an increase in medication adherence among patients who use the alarm as a form of reminder. By clustered sampling and a structured questionnaire, 525 responses were obtained from patients suffering from different types of diseases in the state of Sikkim, India. It has been observed that using the alarm as a form of reminder significantly improves adherence rates. The odds of not missing a dose reduces to 49.3%. At a personal level, the chance of not missing the dose reduces by 32.6%, and if the total population is considered, 16.4% of people will not skip the dose if a reminder in the form of an alarm is used.
Effective Selection of Entities From Heterogeneous and Large Resources Using a Cooperative Neuro-Fuzzy System
Authors: Sajja Priti Srinivas , Mishra Rasendu
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on using the cooperative neuro-fuzzy system for the effective and customised selection of entities from large and heterogeneous resources by presenting a general architecture. An experiment is carried out with the fast-moving consumer goods to prove the utility of the architecture. It is observed that most consumers go for the frequent purchase of fast-moving consumer items. Further, various brands, costs, discounts, schemes, quantities, and reviews might make it challenging. Hence, such decisions need to be intelligent and practically feasible in terms of time and effort. The paper discusses neural networks to categorise the entities, type-1 & 2 fuzzy membership functions with rules, training sets, and graphical views of the fuzzy rules and the experiment details. Besides the generic approach and experiment, the paper also discusses the work done so far with their limitations and applications in other domains. At the end, the paper presents the limitations and possible future enhancements.
Feminism, Leadership, and Social Media
Authors: Martins Abiola
Published: September 2022

Social media (SM) has provided everyone with a tool to air their unhindered views, especially in conservative societies. This research analyzes the 1,090 tweets of certain Nigerian feminists/activists during the 13-day October 2020 #EndSARS protests. The analysis investigates the content of the women's tweets thematically by identifying their most used words vis-a-vis their corresponding values. These words were then used to interpret the messages being conveyed, how SM impacts feminist leadership, and the temperaments of these women. The analysis also compares the social classes of the women based on their profiles, the intersection of feminism, political activism, and how SM has become a tool for unhindered feminism.
Real-Time Fuzzy-PID for Mobile Robot Control and Vision-Based Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Saidi Sabrina Mohand , Mellah Rabah , Fekik Arezki , Azar Ahmad Taher
Published: September 2022

In this work, the differential mobile robot is controlled utilizing fuzzy PID speed control, which combines fuzzy control with conventional PID control in real time. The path may be convoluted, and the surrounding environment may contain a range of arbitrary shape and size obstacles. A monocular camera is used to detect obstacles during the navigation process. To enable a robot to travel within an indoor space while avoiding obstacles, a basic image processing approach based on area of interest was used. The goal of this research is to develop a fuzzy PID speed controller on a real robot, as well as a simple and efficient visual obstacle avoidance system. MATLAB is used to implement the control system. GUIDE (graphical user interface development environment) has enabled the creation of graphical user interfaces. These interfaces make it easy to manipulate the system in real time and capture live video. The proposed methodologies are tested on a non-holonomic dr robot i90 mobile robot, and the results are satisfactory.
Understanding the Usability of a Literature-Based Discovery System Among Clinical Researchers in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Phang Celina Sze Jun , Vong Wan-Tze , Sebastian Yakub , Raman Valliappan , Then Patrick Hang Hui
Published: September 2022

The rapid increase in scientific publications makes it difficult for researchers to keep up with the latest literature and to explore new research directions. The literature-based discovery (LBD) systems aim to resolve this issue by bridging literatures from disparate fields to assist researchers in knowledge discovery and the formulation and testing of research hypotheses. Previous studies have focused mainly on evaluating the efficacy of LBD systems by replicating historical LBD events. The usability of LBD systems has been under-researched, which partly explains the low adoption of the systems. This paper presents a survey study that evaluates the usability of a LBD system for knowledge discovery and hypothesis refinement, and also investigates factors affecting its adoption among biomedical researchers in Sarawak, Malaysia. The findings suggest that the adoption of the LBD system is related to their perceived usefulness and perceived difficulty in interacting with the user interface features of the system.
An evidence gap map on Made in Africa Evaluation approaches: Exploration of the achievements
Authors: Fish Tebogo E.
Published: September 2022

Background: The Made in Africa Evaluation (MAE) agenda is an effort at decolonising and indigenising evaluation practice in Africa. This involves developing new evaluation practices, theories, approaches and methodologies originating from African cultures, worldviews, knowledge systems, philosophies and African paradigms.Objectives: This study aims to explore achievements in the development of an African evaluation paradigm or approach and identifying the gaps.Method: An evidence gap map (EGM) was utilised because it entails a systematic search of literature with the intention of presenting the existing evidence on a specific topic, identifying gaps in knowledge and determining future research needs.Results: Five main paradigms that fall within the MAE were identified, including the Afrocentric paradigm, the postcolonial indigenous paradigm, the African relational evaluation paradigm, the transformative evaluation paradigm and the culturally competent evaluation paradigm. In addition, five key categories of MAE approaches were identified, including (1) the least indigenised approach; (2) the adaptive or integrative evaluation approach; (3) the African relational-based evaluation approach; (4) the predominantly indigenous approach and (5) the third space (geocentric) evaluation approach.Conclusion: African contexts, cultures and people have been discussed in five ways in MAE literature including collaborative, relational, complex, previously colonised and disenfranchised. The EGM shows that these paradigms and approaches have been well established theoretically and conceptually; however, the application of these in evaluations has mostly been found in the adaptive or integrative approach, which integrates Western methodologies. This suggests a lack of practical guidelines to using the paradigms, approaches and methods originating from Africa, including the African relational-based evaluation approach.
Activity and participation experiences of people with disabilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Krupa Terry , Lysagh Rosemary , Yehuala Yetnayet S. , Aldersey Heather M. , Adugna Molalign B. , Kessler Dorothy , Batorowicz Beata , Montagnese Jasmine , Kolomitro Klodiana
Published: September 2022

Background: Ethiopia, as a State Party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has committed to upholding the rights of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. There is little evidence, however, reflecting the impact of this commitment on the lived experiences of people with disabilities in Ethiopia.Objectives: This study sought to uncover how the experiences of participation and activity shape the enactment of rights for Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the UNCRPD.Method: Analysis of 25 qualitative interviews with people with disabilities and family members living in Ethiopia used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to arrive at central themes.Results: People with disabilities in Ethiopia experience marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in both routine daily activities and participation in broader social roles and opportunities. These experiences affect their ability to claim many of the rights afforded by the UNCRPD.Conclusion: Despite legislative efforts to bring about change in Ethiopia, people with disabilities continue to live on the social margins. A meaningful change will require substantial allocation of needed resources by the Ethiopian government to support national-level programmes and policy change. It is critical that people with disabilities and their families are engaged in receiving relevant support, and serve as change leaders.Contribution: This study illustrates how marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in daily activities and social participation arise and are sustained for people with disabilities in Ethiopia. The findings can help to inform the country’s efforts to enact the rights of Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Hierarchies of basic goods and sins according to Aquinas’ natural law theory
Authors: Gui Lingchang
Published: September 2022

Aquinas’ natural law theory contains a set of basic goods, such as survival, reproduction and the pursuit of truth. However, whether and how there is a hierarchical relationship among these goods remains disputed. Given the importance of Aquinas’ natural law theory for Christianity and the philosophy of law, this issue merits a closer investigation. By carefully examining various modern scholars’ theories and Aquinas’ texts, it is demonstrated that according to Aquinas, firstly, there are hierarchies of basic goods and sins; secondly, these hierarchies are horizontal and vertical according to the order of participation and the dignity of substances, respectively.Contribution: This research reconsiders the modern debate over Aquinas’ hierarchical theory of basic goods and provides a more authentic understanding of Aquinas’ own view, which can be applied to his theory of sin. Aquinas’ natural law theory can hence be clarified in a more profound way.
The sequencing and pairing of examples in the midst of sameness and difference: Opening opportunities to learn
Authors: Pillay Vasen , Adler Jill , Runesson Kempe Ulla
Published: September 2022

The teaching of mathematics cannot be thought of without considering the use of examples. The examples that teachers use during a lesson and how they mediate the example set is critical to what opportunities for learning are opened up during the lesson. In this article, we explore how a teacher mediates an example set with focus particularly on what is varied and what remains the same. The case that we draw on is taken from a larger learning study conducted in Grade 10 mathematics classes and the lesson that is used in this article was the last lesson in the learning study cycle. We use variation theory, specifically how the sequencing, pairing and juxtaposing of examples provides learners with opportunities to discern the critical aspect of the object of learning. We analyse the teacher’s mediation of the example set on a micro level, as this enables us to illuminate and develop our argument, while simultaneously offering a detailed example of mathematics teaching. We argue that it is the systematic and deliberate structuring of variation within an example set in the midst of invariance coupled with the teacher’s mediation of both planned and learner-generated examples that is critical for opening opportunities to learn.
A study of the chest imaging findings of adult patients with COVID-19 on admission to a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Ord Ashleigh A. , Zamparini Jarrod , Lorentz Liam , Ranchod Ashesh , Moodley Halvani
Published: September 2022

Background: South Africa has experienced multiple waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with little research documenting chest imaging features in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) endemic region.Objectives: Describe the chest imaging features, demographics and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in an urban population.Method: Retrospective, cross-sectional, review of chest radiographs and computed tomographies (CTs) of adults admitted to a tertiary hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, between 01 May 2020 and 30 June 2020. Imaging was reviewed by three radiologists. Clinical parameters and laboratory data were analysed.Results: A total of 113 adult patients with a mean age of 46 years and 10 months were included. A total of 113 chest radiographs and six CTs were read. Nineteen patients were HIV-positive (16.8%), 40 were hypertensive and diabetic (35.4%), respectively, and one had TB (0.9%). Common symptoms included cough (n = 69; 61.6%), dyspnoea (n = 60; 53.1%) and fever (n = 46; 40.7%). Lower zone predominant ground glass opacities (58.4%) and consolidation (29.2%) were most frequent on chest radiographs. The right lower lobe was most involved (46.9% ground glass opacities and 17.7% consolidation), with relative sparing of the left upper lobe. Bilateral ground glass opacities (66.7%) were most common on CT. Among the HIV-positive, ground glass opacities and consolidation were less common than in HIV-negative or unknown patients (p = 0.037 and p = 0.05, respectively).Conclusion: COVID-19 in South Africa has similar chest imaging findings to those documented globally, with some differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative or unknown patients. The authors corroborate relative sparing of the left upper lobe; however, further research is required to validate this currently unique local finding.
Erratum: Anaesthetists’ knowledge of airborne infections
Authors: Elghobashy Ahmed , Scribante Juan , Perrie Helen , Nel Dorinka
Published: September 2022

No abstract available.
Considering the Basotho indigenous education and school system as resources for peace-building education in Lesotho
Authors: Mokotso Rasebate I.
Published: September 2022

Lesotho faces political, economic, social, cultural, religious, institutional and interpersonal violence, a situation that prompted the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to introduce a peace-building education program. This indigenous auto-ethnography inquiry arose as the result of the investigator’s realisation that the UNESCO strategy to establish peace education in Lesotho is an exclusive, narrow approach based on the formal Western education system. While UNESCO’s initiative to instil a culture of peace via education is commendable considering the seriousness of the violence in Lesotho, the article contends that the approach excludes many out-of-school youth from learning about developing a culture of peace. The article also reveals some characteristics associated with the Western educational system that contribute to its inability to incorporate all eligible groups in peace-building education. Guided by the theoretical framework of critical interculturality, this article highlighted the Basotho lebollo education system as having the ability to extend peace-building education beyond the confines of Western schooling and education to include out-of-school adolescents. The compatibility of the lebollo school system with peace-building education was proved by its indigenous epistemology and pedagogy. The article recommends a nonviolent strategy devoid of colonial violence and based on mutual respect that can bring lebollo on board for peace-building education, as has happened in response to the HIV and AIDS pandemic.Transdisciplinarity Contribution: This paper contributes to the broad debate that Western formal education ensnared in colonial power structures, has difficulty meeting the educational needs of the African child, despite its noble intentions. Using Basotho indigenous education system as a framework for calling for recognition of indigenous education, the paper makes the case for peacebuilding education as a potential model for indigenous education.
Systematic review: Decentralised health information systems implementation in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ogundaini Oluwamayowa O. , Achieng Mourine S.
Published: September 2022

Globally the health space is being revolutionised by rapid digital transformation to support care activities, promote healthier lifestyles and ensure informed decision making to improve service delivery. However, many health systems in sub-Saharan Africa are yet to realise the full potential of health information systems (HIS) as a digital transformation initiative. The objective of this article is to establish how the sociotechnical challenges in Africa’s health systems can be addressed by recommending a fitting approach to implement HIS relevant to the context of the continent. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique was applied to search, identify and filter articles over a 10-year period by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria accordingly. Only 42 articles satisfied the objective of this article. The emergent themes include contextual factors, coordination and collaboration, data complexity, organisation structure, accountability and stakeholders’ perspectives. The results indicated that less attention has been given to how the implementation approach could impact the output of health systems. In conclusion, the authors argue that a decentralised approach to the implementation of HIS is more appropriate for Africa’s health systems. The premise of the authors’ argument is informed by the tiered structure of health systems, varying levels of infrastructural development and use of large volumes of health-related data for resources allocation at the national level. Future studies should investigate the processes for formulation and evaluation of health policies to actively redress the administrative issues associated with the current functional HIS in each African country.Transdisciplinarity Contribution: The paper contributes to the practical implications of implementing HIS in sub-Saharan African health systems by highlighting the contextual realities and data governance complexities that support a decentralised approach towards ensuring resilience and health security.
Restoring the ethics of the common good in the South African pluralistic society
Authors: Sekhaulelo Motshine A.
Published: September 2022

The idea of the common good is missing in politics today. Fighting for political ideology and self-interest has replaced finding solutions to problems or practising the ethics of public interest. We urgently need to create a new social contract with proper implementation of the values set out in the national Constitution. This study was undertaken from a reformed ethical perspective, with special emphasis on the ethics of the common good. Methodologically, in researching this article, the author was guided by two related questions: how do ideas, beliefs and norms form? What happens in society to let these norms shape our actions? Conducting research guided by these questions has helped the author to understand that for many communities, stability is maintained by rules, norms, beliefs, convictions and worldview as located in tradition and culture. It is institutions such as those outlined here that still guide attitude and behaviour in the majority of cases. While being sensitive to these institutions and the role they play, through policy and legislation, under constitutional supremacy, the Constitution has become the primary guide and source for community stability.Interdisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article brings the disciplines of theology, politics and governance together in defining the ethics of the common good in contemporary South African politics. It proposes that the moral prerequisite for solving the deepest problems our country now face is a commitment to the ethics of the common good. By definition, this will require the engagement and collaboration of all the ‘stakeholders’ – government, businesses, civil society groups, faith groups and especially young people.
Medication Errors in a Parturient
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Yalla Bharat , Trikha Anjan
Published: September 2022

Medication errors in a parturient can be devastating as two lives are involved. Owing to the absence of critical incident reporting in parurients in multiple countries of the world, these errors are underreported. We herein discuss the common medication errors in a parturient, the published literature, and the management protocols practiced.
Role of High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) for Pre-Oxygenation Among Pregnant Patients
Authors: Singh Ajay , Dhir Ankita , Jain Kajal , Trikha Anjan
Published: September 2022

With an increasing understanding of respiratory physiology and pathology, many new oxygen delivery devices have been introduced lately. Among them, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) seems a promising modality that can deliver heated and humidified flows higher than the peak inspiratory flow at high FiO2 (fractional inspired oxygen), hence decreasing the work of breathing without causing discomfort to the patient. Applications of HFNC have escalated for use in multiple areas besides perioperative period over the last decade. The use of HFNC in obstetric population is particularly intriguing as this population is at risk of adverse airway related events. Hence, this narrative review focuses upon the role of HFNC for pre-oxyenation of pregnant patients in peripartum and in intensive care units. We have reviewed the current state of knowledge and the future prospects of HFNC use in obstetric setting.
The Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, India – An Expert Committee Consensus Statement and Recommendations for the Management of Maternal Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Pandya Sunil T , Jain Kajal , Grewal Anju , Parikh Ketan S. , Sharma Karuna , Gupta Anjeleena K , Kasodekar Shilpa , Parameswari Aruna , Gogoi Daisy , Raiger Lalit K , Rao Ravindra Gonibeed Lakshminarayana , Gupta Sunanda , Trikha Anjan
Published: September 2022

Maternal cardiac arrest (MCA) requires a multidisciplinary team well versed in the cascade of steps involved during resuscitation. Historically, maternal outcomes were poor, primarily because cardiac arrest management in pregnant women was neither optimum nor standardized. However, current evidence has shown better maternal survival given the young age and reversible causes of death. There are specific interventions such as manual left uterine displacement (MLUD) for relief of aortocaval compression that, if not performed, may undermine the success of resuscitation. The team should simultaneously explore the etiology of MCA, which could be a combination of pregnancy-related causes and comorbid conditions. Resuscitative Hysterotomy or Resuscitative Uterine Interventions (RUI) should be considered if there is no return of spontaneous circulation following 4–5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Teamwork is critical to success in the high-stakes environment of MCA. This consensus statement was prepared by the experts after reviewing evidence-based literature on maternal resuscitation during MCA.