bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signature of supersolidity in a driven cubic–quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Debnath Argha , Tarun Jammu , Khan Ayan
Published: January 2022

We present analytical solution, which is periodic in nature, for a driven cubic–quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DCQNLSE) is placed in a bi-chromatic optical lattice. The solution indicates the creation of density wave. Since, beyond mean-field contribution in quasi one dimensional and one dimensional geometry differs on the even exponents of the nonlinearity thus we extend our analysis toward quadratic–cubic–quartic and quadratic–cubic nonlinearities as well. Later, we study the dynamics of DCQNLSE. Our study indicates the existence of stripe phase along with considerable phase coherence. These findings allow us to comment on the possible emergence of supersolid phase in a condensate.
An efficient method for producing 9Be+ ions using a 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization process
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Yong , Zhang Qian-Yu , Bai Wen-Li , He Sheng-Guo , Peng Wen-Cui , Tong Xin
Published: January 2022

We report a method of creating pure 9Be+ ions by a 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization for the ionization potential of 75 192.64(6) cm−1 (133 nm). The efficient generation of 9Be+ ions has been realized in a segmented linear ion trap. The average loading rates with a 10 ns, 1 mJ laser at 310 nm and 306 nm are 3.8 and 1.3 ions per pulse, respectively. This method has the advantage of reducing the electron contamination to the ion trap electrodes greatly. It also reduces the requirement of single-photon energy while satisfying the need for ionization probability and can be applied to other atoms with high ionization thresholds.
High reflectivity Co/Mg multilayer working in the broad soft x-ray range of 350–770 eV
Authors: Feng Jiangtao , Huang Qiushi , Qi Runze , Sokolov Andrey , Sertsu Mewael , Yang Xiaowei , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: January 2022

A Co/Mg multilayer was proposed and optimized to work in the broad soft x-ray range of 350–770 eV. The multilayers with a d-spacing of 6.0 nm showed large interface widths of 1.95–1.07 nm which were significantly improved to 0.65–0.62 nm by using a higher Co sputtering power. Grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements were used to study the multilayer structure and a more ordered polycrystalline structure was found in the multilayers deposited with higher Co power, which can explain the great improvement. The effect of Ar sputtering pressure on the layer structure was also studied. The measured soft x-ray reflectivity results indicated a high reflectivity of 18%–27.5% at 400–700 eV can be reached if a saturated number of bilayers of 50 were deposited.
Ferromagnetism of Mn-N4 architecture embedded graphene
Authors: Zhang Haiyi , Liao Zhongxin , Xia Baorui , Herng Tun Seng , Ding Jun , Gao Daqiang
Published: January 2022

The realization of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials with high Curie temperature is one of the prevalent research directions in spintronics. Here, a 2D ferromagnet of Mn-N4 embedded graphene is reported, where the single Mn atom dispersed Mn-N4 structure is confirmed by extended x-ray absorption fine structure and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy results. Magnetic measurements demonstrate that the Mn-N4 embedded graphene exhibits robust room-temperature ferromagnetism, and the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism results reveal that the magnetic moments come from the embedded Mn atoms. Furthermore, using first-principle calculations, we demonstrate that the Mn-N4 architecture is the source of the magnetism and the long-range magnetic ordering is favored in such coordination systems.
Solving gauge anomaly equations in the standard model using the method of chords
Authors: Bhattacharya Dyuman , Rajabi Sayeh
Published: January 2022

In a recent paper, Allanach et al (2020 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP05(2020)065) introduced a geometric method to solve the anomaly cancellation equations for a U(1) gauge theory with an arbitrary number of charges—the method of chords known in Diophantine analysis. We extend their result to non-abelian gauge groups, and show that this method can be used to find the general solution to the anomaly cancellation equations for a theory with the standard model gauge group on a curved background. Given K charges in (2, 3), L charges in (2, 1), M charges in (1, 3), and N charges in (1, 1) representations of SU(2) × SU(3), the equations reduce to a homogeneous cubic Diophantine equation in K + L + M + N − 4 variables.
Strain and orientation engineering in ABO3 perovskite oxide thin films
Authors: Sando Daniel
Published: January 2022

Perovskite oxides with chemical formula ABO3 are widely studied for their properties including ferroelectricity, magnetism, strongly correlated physics, optical effects, and superconductivity. A thriving research direction using such materials is through their integration as epitaxial thin films, allowing many novel and exotic effects to be discovered. The integration of the thin film on a single crystal substrate, however, can produce unique and powerful effects, and can even induce phases in the thin film that are not stable in bulk. The substrate imposed mechanical boundary conditions such as strain, crystallographic orientation, octahedral rotation patterns, and symmetry can also affect the functional properties of perovskite films. Here, the author reviews the current state of the art in epitaxial strain and orientation engineering in perovskite oxide thin films. The paper begins by introducing the effect of uniform conventional biaxial strain, and then moves to describe how the substrate crystallographic orientation can induce symmetry changes in the film materials. Various material case studies, including ferroelectrics, magnetically ordered materials, and nonlinear optical oxides are covered. The connectivity of the oxygen octahedra between film and substrate depending on the strain level as well as the crystallographic orientation is then discussed. The review concludes with open questions and suggestions worthy of the community’s focus in the future.
High temperature superconductivity in the candidate phases of solid hydrogen
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Oh Sehoon , Cohen Marvin L
Published: January 2022

As the simplest element in nature, unraveling the phase diagram of hydrogen is a primary task for condensed matter physics. As conjectured many decades ago, in the low-temperature and high-pressure part of the phase diagram, solid hydrogen is expected to become metallic with a high superconducting transition temperature. The metallization may occur via band gap closure in the molecular solid or via a transition to the atomic solid. Recently, a few experimental studies pushed the achievable pressures into the 400–500 GPa range. There are strong indications that at some pressure in this range metallization via either of these mechanisms occurs, although there are disagreements between experimental reports. Furthermore, there are multiple good candidate crystal phases that have emerged from recent computational and experimental studies which may be realized in upcoming experiments. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the superconducting properties of these candidate phases. In a recent study, we reported the superconducting properties of the C2/c-24 phase, which we believe to be a strong candidate for metallization via band gap closure (Dogan et al 2022 Phys. Rev. B
105 L020509). Here, we report the superconducting properties of the Cmca-12, Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases including the anharmonic effects using a Wannier function-based dense k-point and q-point sampling. We find that the Cmca-12 phase has a superconducting transition temperature that rises from 86 K at 400 GPa to 212 K at 500 GPa, whereas the Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases show a less pressure-dependent behavior with their T

c
in the 74–94 K and 307–343 K ranges, respectively. These properties can be used to distinguish between crystal phases in future experiments. Understanding superconductivity in pure hydrogen is also important in the study of high-T

c
hydrides.
Development of coated heat flux gauges for fast responding measurements
Authors: Siroka Shawn , Berdanier Reid A , Thole Karen A
Published: January 2022

Thermal systems often exhibit transient behaviors that have important implications for the operation of the system and can be difficult to predict. For these reasons, experimental testing is often required to ensure system durability requirements are achieved. One important parameter governing the survivability of components in hot, high-stress environments is the heat flux into the part that dictates the temperature distribution for the component. However, sensors required to experimentally characterize heat fluxes in extreme environments must also be resilient. This study presents the development of coated heat transfer gauges capable of robust, high-frequency measurements in turbine research facilities. The addition of a protective coating increases the durability of the gauge, but inherent of that coating is the attenuation of high-frequency temperature penetrations. As a result, this study first outlines the use of analytical solutions to define a gauge design for a specific frequency range and heat transfer, ensuring that subsurface signals can be rectified to surface conditions through inverse methods. Then, the fabrication of polyimide substrate sensors with a parylene-F coating is described. Micro surface heaters added to the custom sensors were used to determine important geometric and thermal properties necessary to calculate accurate surface heat flux. Ultimately, this work shows increased sensor robustness in a turbine test bed and experimentally validates that the frequency response of the fabricated sensors meet the design intent.
Molecular dynamics simulations to assess the radiation resistance of different crystal orientations of diamond under neutron irradiation
Authors: Liu Taiqiao , Shao Tian , Lyu Fanglin , Lai Xiaojing , Shen Andy H
Published: January 2022

The evolution of defects in diamond under neutron irradiation was studied via molecular dynamics simulation, with under temperatures of 300–1600 K, primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies of 1–5 keV, and incident orientations in [111], [110], and [100]. The results reveal that the formation of Frenkel pairs is insensitive to temperature but strongly dependent on PKA energy and direction. While interstitials are difficult to cluster in diamond, the size and number of vacancy clusters correlate positively with the PKA energy. Moreover, a decrease in thermal spikes is observed, which is ascribed to the fact that most interstitials can bond with surrounding carbon atoms, which prevents them from moving back to the vacancy in the [111] and [100] directions. Consequently, thermal spikes decrease or disappear as the energy increases. This trend shows directional differences. The radiation resistance of diamond with respect to the direction is [110] > [111] > [100] below 1000 K, and [110] > [111] ≈ [100] at temperatures higher (1600 K). This research can be applied in radiation damage prediction and the radiation-related defect interpretation of diamonds.
ρ-bounded orbits and Arnold tongues for quasiperiodically forced circle maps*
Authors: Zhou Tong , Hu Wen-Juan , Huang Qi-Ming , Qin Wen-Xin
Published: January 2022

For quasiperiodically forced (qpf) continuous circle maps with degree one, the set of fibred rotation numbers is a closed interval or a singleton. We show in this paper that if a number ρ is in the interior of this interval, then there exist ρ-bounded orbits. We also discuss extensions of the structure of Arnold tongues for qpf circle homeomorphisms to qpf continuous circle maps with degree one.
Deep multimodal learning for lymph node metastasis prediction of primary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wu Xinglong , Li Mengying , Cui Xin-wu , Xu Guoping
Published: January 2022

Objective. The incidence of primary thyroid cancer has risen steadily over the past decades because of overdiagnosis and overtreatment through the improvement in imaging techniques for screening, especially in ultrasound examination. Metastatic status of lymph nodes is important for staging the type of primary thyroid cancer. Deep learning algorithms based on ultrasound images were thus developed to assist radiologists on the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. The objective of this study is to integrate more clinical context (e.g., health records and various image modalities) into, and explore more interpretable patterns discovered by, deep learning algorithms for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in primary thyroid cancer patients. Approach. A deep multimodal learning network was developed in this study with a novel index proposed to compare the contribution of different modalities when making the predictions. Main results. The proposed multimodal network achieved an average F1 score of 0.888 and an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.973 in two independent validation sets, and the performance was significantly better than that of three single-modality deep learning networks. Moreover, among three modalities used in this study, the deep multimodal learning network relied generally more on image modalities than the data modality of clinic records when making the predictions. Significance. Our work is beneficial to prospective clinic trials of radiologists on the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in primary thyroid cancer, and will better help them understand how the predictions are made in deep multimodal learning algorithms.
Nanoparticle radiosensitization: from extended local effect modeling to a survival modification framework of compound Poisson additive killing and its carbon dots validation
Authors: Pan Hailun , Wang Xufei , Feng Aihui , Cheng Qinqin , Chen Xue , He Xiaodong , Qin Xinglan , Sha Xiaolong , Fu Shen , Chi Cuiping , Wang Xiaowa
Published: January 2022

Objective. To construct an analytical model instead of local effect modeling for the prediction of the biological effectiveness of nanoparticle radiosensitization. Approach. An extended local effects model is first proposed with a more comprehensive description of the nanoparticles mediated local killing enhancements, but meanwhile puts forward challenging issues that remain difficult and need to be further studied. As a novel method instead of local effect modeling, a survival modification framework of compound Poisson additive killing is proposed, as the consequence of an independent additive killing by the assumed equivalent uniform doses of individual nanoparticles per cell under the LQ model. A compound Poisson killing (CPK) model based on the framework is thus derived, giving a general expression of nanoparticle mediated LQ parameter modification. For practical use, a simplified form of the model is also derived, as a concentration dependent correction only to the α parameter, with the relative correction (α″/α) dominated by the mean number, and affected by the agglomeration of nanoparticles per cell. For different agglomeration state, a monodispersion model of the dispersity factor η = 1, and an agglomeration model of 2/3 < η < 1, are provided for practical prediction of (α″/α) value respectively. Main results. Initial validation by the radiosensitization of HepG2 cells by carbon dots showed a high accuracy of the CPK model. In a safe range of concentration (0.003–0.03 μg μl−1) of the carbon dots, the prediction errors of the monodispersion and agglomeration models were both within 2%, relative to the clonogenic survival data of the sensitized HepG2 cells. Significance. The compound Poisson killing model provides a novel approach for analytical prediction of the biological effectiveness of nanoparticle radiosensitization, instead of local effect modeling.
Investigation on property of electron beam plasma with diamond window
Authors: Zhu B L , Yan S Q , Chen Y , Zhu X D
Published: January 2022

The properties of Ar plasma generated by electron beam with initial energy of 45 keV passing through a 5 μm-thick diamond film window was investigated by experimental diagnostic and Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the plasma light emission intensity enhances with increasing the electron beam current, while the plasma shape has no significant change. When the gas pressure increases, the plasma shrinks and becomes brighter, and its shape gradually changes from cone-shape to semi prolate spheroid. The electron density increases with increasing gas pressure and electron current. When the gas pressure is higher than 10 kPa, the electron density can reach the order of 1010 cm−3 at an electron current of 0.3 mA. Under high-pressure conditions, the plasma range with respect to gas pressure satisfies well a simple inverse relationship. The electron energy deposition distribution obtained by Monte Carlo simulation is consistent with the measured plasma light emission intensity distribution. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to analyze collision process in the electron beam plasma. The line intensities of the 2p
2, 2p
6 and 2p
10 levels grow relatively with increasing gas pressure, indicating that the atom-atom collisional processes are enhanced.
Gate modulation of anisotropic superconductivity in Al–Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 nanoplate–Al Josephson junctions
Authors: Li Na , Tan Zhen-Bing , Chen Jing-Jing , Zhao Tong-Yang , Chu Chun-Guang , Wang An-Qi , Pan Zhen-Cun , Yu Dapeng , Liao Zhi-Min
Published: January 2022

Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2, hosting a pair of Dirac cones and Fermi arc-like surface states, displays numerous exotic properties in transport experiments. In particular, when proximitized with a superconductor, Cd3As2 is expected to realize topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes, which are essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, using electronic transport measurements on superconductor Al–Cd3As2 nanoplate–Al heterostructures, we investigate the effect of gate modulation and magnetic field on the superconducting properties of Cd3As2. A proximity-induced superconducting state is well achieved in the junction, which can be effectively tuned by the gate voltage. The critical current oscillations under out-of-plane magnetic fields are well fitted with the Fraunhofer function. The critical supercurrent shows a slower decay as the gate voltage is tuned to negative under in-plane magnetic fields, which may arise from the enhanced contribution of surface states. Anisotropic superconductivity is also observed with in-plane rotating magnetic fields. Our results report the gate modulation of supercurrents in different magnetic field directions, which should be valuable for further exploring the topological superconductivity in Dirac semimetals.
Optomechanical strong coupling between a single photon and a single atom
Authors: Argüello-Luengo Javier , Chang Darrick E
Published: January 2022

Single atoms coupled to a cavity offer unique opportunities as quantum optomechanical devices because of their small mass and strong interaction with light. A particular regime of interest in optomechanics is that of ‘single-photon strong coupling’, where motional displacements on the order of the zero-point uncertainty are sufficient to shift the cavity resonance frequency by more than its linewidth. In many cavity QED platforms, however, this is unfeasible due to the large cavity linewidth. Here, we propose an alternative route in such systems, which instead relies on the coupling of atomic motion to the much narrower cavity-dressed atomic resonance frequency. We discuss and optimize the conditions in which the scattering properties of single photons from the atom-cavity system become highly entangled with the atomic motional wave function. We also analyze the prominent observable features of this optomechanical strong coupling, which include a per-photon motional heating that is significantly larger than the single-photon recoil energy, as well as mechanically-induced oscillations in time of the second-order correlation function of the emitted light. This physics should be realizable in current experimental setups, such as trapped atoms coupled to photonic crystal cavities, and more broadly opens the door to realizing qualitatively different phenomena beyond what has been observed in optomechanical systems thus far.
The effect of manganese ions (II) on representatives of aquatic biota
Authors: Kosarev A V , Ivanov D E , Kamenets A F
Published: January 2022

The work is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of the impact of manganese (II) on representatives of freshwater biota. Manganese plays an important role in the aquatic environment, since it determines the course of the most important metabolic processes in hydrobiont organisms of varying degrees of organization. The analysis of processes involving manganese has shown that the main chemical factors affecting the accumulation of manganese in the aquatic environment are anaerobic biochemical processes caused by active silting of the riverbed due to the washout of organic substances from agricultural fields. The use of various physiological endpoints in daphnids is considered as an inexpensive and simple alternative, the criterion of which corresponds to the rule “replacement, reduction, refinement”. It has been shown that manganese (II) ions in the concentration range of 0.1-1000 LOCvr do not have an acute toxic effect on D. magna crustaceans, chronic toxicity is manifested in samples with concentrations of more than 10 LOCvr. The acute toxicity of solutions of manganese (II) salts in relation to S. Quadricauda was revealed by the change in the fluorescence level of microalgae at a concentration of Mn2+ from 0.05 mg/l.
Modernization of the automated control system for compound feed transfer
Authors: Goncharov A V , Butyaikin V V , Kochetkova E V , Korotkiy A A , Bugaeva A V
Published: January 2022

Rational use of the fodder supply, enrichment of fooder with probiotics and other nutrients can increase the efficiency of livestock and poultry farming. The increasing demand for compound feed stimulates not only the creation of new enterprises for their production, but also the intensification of production at existing enterprises. When introducing automation systems at enterprises for the animal feed production everywhere including Russia, a typical mistake is the automation of the main production process and the preservation of the auxiliary processes of loading raw materials and finished products’ shipment at the mechanization level. The development of computer programs for the practical implementation of required control algorithms can be implemented in universal and special programming languages. As a result of this work, the general algorithms for managing the transferring processes of compound feed at the finished product area were structured. The main subtasks were highlighted, for which the solution algorithms were developed. The use of algorithms for solving the main problems made it possible to form a general algorithm for managing compound feed transfer at the finished product area. As a result, an algorithm for the automated control of feed distribution to consumers was obtained.
Features of planning an experiment to develop a new paint and varnish composition for the formation of protective and decorative coatings on wood products
Authors: Bashkirova K A , Gazeev M V , Sviridov A V
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the features of experiment planning in the development of paint compositions for the formation of protective and decorative coatings on wood products. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of the study, problems are identified when finishing wood with epoxy paints and varnishes and requirements for them are given, as well as a characteristic of the substrates on which the coating was formed during the experiment. The chemical composition of the paint composition based on epoxy resin is considered. The authors proposed a structural scheme of the coating, as well as the technology of its formation with the expected operating parameters. An experiment plan has been developed and variables and constant factors have been selected. The limiting concentrations of the components of the paint and varnish composition based on epoxy resin have been determined.
Automated assessment system of energy parameters of the tractor fleet
Authors: Elkin O V , Savchenko O F
Published: January 2022

The expediency of operational control of the energy parameters of the agricultural enterprise’s MTP under operating conditions is shown, which allows timely repair and maintenance measures to reduce power losses. An algorithm for automating the monitoring of energy indicators of tractor engines has been developed, including the main technological procedures for each unit of household equipment. An automated system has been formed based on the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic device for energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of the agricultural enterprise developed at SibFTI. The issues of practical application of the system in the agricultural enterprise are considered.
Diversity and distribution of fig (Ficus spp) in University of Sumatera Utara (USU) green space
Authors: Susilowati A , Rangkuti A B , Rachmat H H , Dwiyanti F G , Harahap M M , Iswanto A H , Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Ginting I M
Published: January 2022

The genus of Ficus is a significant component in the tropical rainforest ecosystem, consisting of many species and distributed across altitudes. Genus Ficus also has an important role in ecological services such as food sources for animals, habitat restoration, and sources of medicine. As the green space in Medan, The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) campus supports those ecological services by maintaining species diversity. This research aims were to identify and determine the distribution Ficus genus in the USU campus green space. For this purpose, field inventory methods were adopted along 120 hectares of the campus area. Morphological identification through observation and measurement of tree organs was used to identify fig species. Species distribution was calculated based on the relative abundant formula. The result showed that there was 124 individual fig belonging to 8 species found in USU campus. The most abundant species was F. benjamina (55.64%), with the Relative Density (RD) value was 0.94. The lowest value is F. hispida (0.8%), and the RD value was 0.01. The diversity index of ficus was 0.124 and classified into low.
Growth Index of Indigenous Tree Species in Urban Planting
Authors: Ang L H , Tang L K
Published: January 2022

Growths can be quantified by various vegetative parameters such as collar diameter, girth, diameter at breast height (dbh), crown diameter, total photosynthetically active leaf area (TPALA), live-crown ratio (LCR), and total height (TH). These are useful growth indicators for tree species. For forestry purposes, top height, first branch height, and diameter at breast height are the indicators of growth and yield. However, there is yet to have a formula to comprehensively quantify the overall growth parameters of the tree species for environmental and ornamental plantings. The dbh, TPALA, LCR, TH, basal area (BA), and volume (V) are parameters that describe the health and vegetative growth and yield of the tree. Hence, this study aims to propose a growth index (GI) to quantitatively capture the overall growth of the tree. The formula that would capture the overall growth of the tree in the planting is proposed to be GI= dbh*LCR*NPALA*TH or GI=BA*LCR*NPALA*V. The ranking of their GI can be objectively carried out for each species. Hence, this study proposes that GI be used as an index for ranking the growth performance of tree species for ornamental and environmental plantings.
Germination Test of Two Different Types of Seed to Accelerate Reclamation and Rehabilitation of Ex-limestone Mining Land
Authors: Amin S F A , Mansur I , Pamoengkas P , Yusmur A
Published: January 2022

The direct seeding method is a planting technique using seeds planted directly in the field without going through nursery stages. The technique was tested to rehabilitate ex-limestone mining of PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia in Bogor. The seeds used in this study were from two different categories i.e. orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. Orthodox seeds used are Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and Ketapang (Terminalia catappa), while the recalcitrant seeds used are Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa), Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi), and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). This experiment design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five tree species as treatments and each species used 20 replications. The seeds are planted on ex-limestone mining land which has soil with a dominant sand fraction. Before field planting, the germination rates of the seeds were tested in the nursery and the result was Bisbul (97%), Merbau (87%), Ketapang (83%), Jackfruit (80%), and Jengkol (50%). Merbau and Jengkol germinated three days after sowing, while Ketapang has the longest time, it takes 20 days to germinate. Results of field planting showed that the tree species with the highest to the lowest germination rate were Bisbul (100%), Merbau (85%), Jackfruit (80%), Ketapang (55%), and Jengkol (40%). Merbau and Jengkol seeds germinated the fastest and Ketapang was the slowest. It is concluded that the tree species could be planted using the direct seeding method.
Growth response of three forest seedlings to iron exposure
Authors: Salim M A , Setyaningsih L , Wahyudi I , Budi S W
Published: January 2022

Fe is one of the microessential plants needed in low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to examine the growth response of three forest seedlings to iron exposure in water culture media. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with Fe dose treatment and consisted of 9 levels, namely 0, 0.5, 0.1, 1.5, and 2, with 3 replications each and each replication consisting of 3 plant units. The plants used consisted of Ochroma bicolor, Shorea macrophylla, and Senna siamea. The results of this study showed that Fe exposure treatment had a significant effect on the three seedlings on all growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and total dry weight). Increasing the concentration of Fe can reduce all growth parameters. The three seedlings have different tolerance levels. Fe exposure treatment had a significant effect on the SPAD index only on O. bicolor and S. seamea seedlings. S. macrophylla seedlings had the highest tolerance index value compared to the other two seedlings. This indicated that S. macrophylla seedlings had higher resistance than the other two seedlings to Fe exposure.
Prospect of core-shell Fe3O4@Ag label integrated with spin-valve giant magnetoresistance for future point-of-care biosensor
Authors: Wibowo Nur Aji , Harsojo  , Suharyadi Edi
Published: January 2022

Magnetic-based biosensors are the analytical instruments that convert the biological recognition into the electrical signal through the generating of the stray-field of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) attached to the biomolecule target. The magnetic biosensor feature relies on the transducer and the MNPs label selection. Recently, the biosensor with a point-of-care feature is the most expected device in the nowadays medical diagnostic field. So that, a review of the recent research related to the novel integration of magnetoresistance-based transducers with MNPs for biosensor application is vital for the point-of-care diagnostic development. Hence, the basic principle of biosensors and the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) with exchange bias phenomena are introduced. Furthermore, we provide a review of the cutting edge method in GMR biosensor with spin-valve structure (SV-GMR) which is integrated to MNPs for biomolecule labelling. As review results, among the nano-sized magnetoresistance transducer, the SV-GMR has some predominance, i.e. electrical robustness and moderate magnetoresistance ratio. Meanwhile, as compared to the other proposed MNPs such as pure Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and hybrid Fe3O4-graphene, the core-shell Fe3O4@Ag is potent to be used, which offers not only moderate saturation magnetisation but also good protein affinity, antimicrobial activity, and minimal cytotoxicity. According to the sensor performance comparison, the usage of Fe3O4@Ag for biomolecule labelling in synergy with SV-GMR transducer is prospective to be developed. The Ag shell espouses the protein immobilisation to the surface of the MNPs label that improves the sensor sensitivity. Furthermore, the SV-GMR possessed two modes of the Fe3O4@Ag rapid detection, which are through the moderate voltage change and the switching field shifting. Meanwhile, the concentration increase of Fe3O4@Ag can be well quantified. Moreover, the Fe3O4@Ag/SV-GMR system had a low operating magnetic field with rapid data collection. In conclusion, the Fe3O4@Ag/SV-GMR biosensor system is believed to be applied as a real-time, portable, and cost-effective biosensor.
Roadmap on soft robotics: multifunctionality, adaptability and growth without borders
Authors: Mazzolai Barbara , Mondini Alessio , Del Dottore Emanuela , Margheri Laura , Carpi Federico , Suzumori Koichi , Cianchetti Matteo , Speck Thomas , Smoukov Stoyan K , Burgert Ingo , Keplinger Tobias , Siqueira Gilberto De Freitas , Vanneste Felix , Goury Olivier , Duriez Christian , Nanayakkara Thrishantha , Vanderborght Bram , Brancart Joost , Terryn Seppe , Rich Steven I , Liu Ruiyuan , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Calisti Marcello , Laschi Cecilia , Sun Wenguang , Wang Gang , Wen Li , Baines Robert , Patiballa Sree Kalyan , Kramer-Bottiglio Rebecca , Rus Daniela , Fischer Peer , Simmel Friedrich C , Lendlein Andreas
Published: January 2022

Soft robotics aims at creating systems with improved performance of movement and adaptability in unknown, challenging, environments and with higher level of safety during interactions with humans. This Roadmap on Soft Robotics covers selected aspects for the design of soft robots significantly linked to the area of multifunctional materials, as these are considered a fundamental component in the design of soft robots for an improvement of their peculiar abilities, such as morphing, adaptivity and growth. The roadmap includes different approaches for components and systems design, bioinspired materials, methodologies for building soft robots, strategies for the implementation and control of their functionalities and behavior, and examples of soft-bodied systems showing abilities across different environments. For each covered topic, the author(s) describe the current status and research directions, current and future challenges, and perspective advances in science and technology to meet the challenges.
Visceral obesity with and without metabolic syndrome: incidence and clinical impact in esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with curative intent
Authors: Elliott Jessie A , Donlon Noel E , Beddy Peter , Donohoe Claire L , Doyle Suzanne L , King Sinead , Ravi Narayanasamy , Reynolds John V
Published: January 2022

Visceral obesity (VO) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC); however, their impact on operative and oncological outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of VO and MetS among patients with EAC, and to assess their independent impact on operative and oncological outcomes. A total of 454 consecutive patients undergoing treatment with curative intent were studied. Total, subcutaneous, visceral fat area (VFA), and lean body mass (LBM) were measured by computed tomography pretreatment, with VO defined as VFA >163.8cm2 for men and 80.1cm2 for women. MetS was defined per the ATPIII definition. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression were utilized to determine independent predictors of oncologic and operative outcomes. A total of 227 patients (50.0%) had VO. A total of 134 (30%) overall had MetS, 44% in the VO cohort. VO was associated with Barrett’s esophagus (P = 0.002) and lower cT (P = 0.006) and cN stage (P = 0.011), and improved disease-specific (P = 0.021) and overall survival (P = 0.012). No survival benefit existed for patients with VO who also had MetS. For operative complications, neither VO nor MetS increased the severity of complications, or mortality. However, VO was significantly (P = 0.035) associated with anastomotic leak and pneumonia (P = 0.037). MetS alone did not increase complication risk. VO increases specific major operative complications with no increase in mortality. VO improved survival, mainly relating to earlier stage disease; however, co-existent MetS abrogated this benefit. These seemingly paradoxical outcomes highlight manageable and potentially targetable perioperative challenges in the context of an overall favorable oncologic vista.
Cardiovascular complications of mantle field radiation: a case series
Authors: Prashar Abhisheik , Shim So-Jung , Esber Yamema , Epstein Jessica , Maheepala Krishan , Rees David
Published: January 2022

Background

Mantle field radiotherapy has been known to cause cardiovascular complications even years after therapy. Complications include pericardial disease, coronary artery disease, and conduction abnormalities.

Case summary

We present a case series of two patients who developed cardiovascular complications years after receiving mantle radiation. Patient 1 is a 52-year-old man who presented with symptoms of heart failure. He had a neurostimulator which precluded him from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Haemodynamic findings on right heart catheterization raised suspicion for constrictive pericarditis and pericardiectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis reported dense, sclerotic fibrous tissue consistent with radiation-related changes. Patient 2 is a 37-year-old man with a 2-month history of chest pain and exertional dyspnoea who was admitted for management of coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography demonstrated bilateral subclavian artery stenosis and an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (50 mmHg). He had bilateral percutaneous subclavian artery stenting. Both patients had complete resolution of symptoms on follow-up.

Discussion

Our case series emphasizes the need for an index of suspicion for radiation-related cardiovascular changes in patients who have a history of mantle radiation, especially in younger patients. This was especially pertinent in the case of our first patient who presented a diagnostic challenge due to certain patient factors. Our second patient is a case of subclavian artery stenosis which is less frequently reported as a complication of mantle radiation in the literature.
The effects of lender of last resort on financial intermediation during the great depression in Japan
Authors: Imai Masami , Okazaki Tetsuji , Sawada Michiru
Published: January 2022

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) expanded its liquidity provision in response to a series of financial panics from 1931–1932; however, the BOJ restricted its lending mostly to correspondent banks. We use the BOJ’s preferential treatment of correspondent banks as a quasi-experimental setting to examine the impact of central bank lending on financial intermediation. We find that deposits and loans did not fall as fast for correspondent banks as for other banks during the panic period. Furthermore, correspondent banks were less likely to be closed. The results suggest that central banks’ liquidity provision plays a critical backstop role during financial stringency.
Contemporary clinical management of monomorphic idiopathic premature ventricular contractions: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association survey
Authors: Sorgente Antonio , Farkowski Michal M , Iliodromitis Konstantinos , Guerra José M , Jubele Kristine , Chun Julian K R , de Asmundis Carlo , Boveda Serge
Published: January 2022

On behalf of the European Heart Rhythm Association, we designed a survey, whose aim was to understand the trend(s) in the clinical management of idiopathic monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) among European cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists. A total of 202 participants in the survey answered 27 multiple-choice questions on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic monomorphic PVCs. The most common symptom in patients with idiopathic monomorphic PVCs is palpitations, according to the majority of responders (87%), followed by fatigue (29%) and dizziness (18%). Complete blood cell count, renal function with electrolytes levels, and thyroid function are the blood tests requested by the majority of respondents (65%, 92%, and 93%, respectively). Coronary artery disease and structural heart disease needs to be ruled out, according to the vast majority of participants (99%). A 24-h Holter ECG is the preferred ECG modality to assess the burden of PVCs (86% of respondents). Among the different option treatments, beta-blockers and class I antiarrhythmic drugs are by far (81% of respondents) the preferred pharmacological option in comparison with calcium antagonists and class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Catheter ablation has also a good reputation: 99% of responders are keen to use it, especially in patients with high burden of PVCs and when signs of cardiomyopathy occur.
Digitization of Museum Collections and Copyright – Report on the International Conference ‘When Museums Go Online’, University of Geneva, 11 December 2020
Authors: Bayrou Anaïs
Published: January 2022

The digitization of museum collections raises a number of legal issues in copyright, which museums are often not aware of or are unclear about. This International Conference, held at and led by the University of Geneva, aimed to clarify these copyright issues and strengthen the dialogue between professionals dealing with digital cultural heritage worldwide. This event also launched the Policy Paper ‘Digitization of Digital Cultural Heritage and Copyright’, which was drafted by a group of scholars from different universities and institutions, and has been published on a dedicated website. It contains policy recommendations to lawmakers and policymakers, as well as a code of conduct and an alternative dispute resolution mechanism addressed to museum professionals.
Chromosome-level genome sequence assembly and genome-wide association study ofMuscadinia rotundifoliareveal the genetics of 12 berry-related traits
Authors: Park Minkyu , Vera Daniel , Kambrianda Devaiah , Gajjar Pranavkumar , Cadle-Davidson Lance , Tsolova Violeta , El-Sharkawy Islam
Published: January 2022

Vitis has two subgenera: Euvitis, which includes commercially important Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrid cultivars, and Muscadinia. Of note, the market for Muscadinia grapes remains small, and only Muscadinia rotundifolia is cultivated as a commercial crop. To establish a basis for the study of Muscadinia species, we generated chromosome-level whole-genome sequences of Muscadinia rotundifolia cv. Noble. A total of 393.8 Mb of sequences were assembled from 20 haploid chromosomes, and 26 394 coding genes were identified from the sequences. Comparative analysis with the genome sequence of V. vinifera revealed a smaller size of the M. rotundifolia genome but highly conserved gene synteny. A genome-wide association study of 12 Muscadinia berry-related traits was performed among 356 individuals from breeding populations of M. rotundifolia. For the transferability of markers between Euvitis and Muscadinia, we used 2000 core genome rhAmpSeq markers developed to allow marker transferability across Euvitis species. A total of 1599 (80%) rhAmpSeq markers returned data in Muscadinia. From the GWAS analyses, we identified a total of 52 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with the 12 berry-related traits. The transferable markers enabled the direct comparison of the QTNs with previously reported results. The whole-genome sequences along with the GWAS results provide a new basis for the extensive study of Muscadinia species.
Convergence of the EBT method for a non-local model of cell proliferation with discontinuous interaction kernel
Authors: Gwiazda Piotr , Miasojedow Błażej , Skrzeczkowski Jakub , Szymańska Zuzanna
Published: January 2022

We consider the EBT algorithm (a particle method) for the nonlocal equation with a discontinuous interaction kernel. The main difficulty lies in the low regularity of the kernel, which is not Lipschitz continuous, thus preventing the application of standard arguments. Therefore, we use the radial symmetry of the problem instead and transform it using spherical coordinates. The resulting equation has a Lipschitz kernel with only one singularity at zero. We introduce a new weighted flat norm and prove that the particle method converges in this norm. We also comment on the two-dimensional case that requires the application of the theory of measure spaces on general metric spaces and present numerical simulations confirming the theoretical results. In a companion paper we apply the Bayesian method to fit parameters to this model and study its theoretical properties.
On the pivotal role of water potential to model plant physiological processes
Authors: De Swaef Tom , Pieters Olivier , Appeltans Simon , Borra-Serrano Irene , Coudron Willem , Couvreur Valentin , Garré Sarah , Lootens Peter , Nicolaï Bart , Pols Leroi , Saint Cast Clément , Šalagovič Jakub , Van Haeverbeke Maxime , Stock Michiel , wyffels Francis
Published: January 2022

Water potential explains water transport in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC), and is gaining interest as connecting variable between ‘pedo-, bio- and atmosphere’. It is primarily used to simulate hydraulics in the SPAC, and is thus essential for studying drought effects. Recent implementations of hydraulics in large-scale terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) improved their performance under water-limited conditions, while hydraulic features of recent detailed functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) open new possibilities for dissecting complex traits for drought tolerance. These developments in models across scales deserve a critical appraisal to evaluate its potential for wider use in FSPMs, but also in crop systems models (CSMs), where hydraulics are currently still absent. After refreshing the physical basis, we first address models where water potential is primarily used for describing water transport along the transpiration pathway from the soil to the leaves, through the roots, the xylem and the leaf mesophyll. Then, we highlight models for three ecophysiological processes, which have well-recognized links to water potential: phloem transport, stomatal conductance and organ growth. We identify water potential as the bridge between soil, root and shoot models, as the physiological variable integrating below- and above-ground abiotic drivers, but also as the link between water status and growth. Models making these connections enable identifying crucial traits for ecosystem resilience to drought and for breeding towards improved drought tolerance in crops. Including hydraulics often increases model complexity, and thus requires experimental data on soil and plant hydraulics. Nevertheless, modelling hydraulics is insightful at different scales (FSPMs, CSMs and TBMs).