bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the Weighted Series Feeding Microstrip Antenna Array
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Liu Yun Qing
Published: December 2014

The design of the amplitude spaced antenna array is relatively simple, but it has a relatively large drawback that its sidelobe is at a relatively high level. In this paper, we use a series network to feed the radiating elements of the array antenna to achieve the amplitude and phase control. Comparing with the ordinary feeding array, it effectively reduces the loss of electrical networks and improves the space utilization of the antenna. A planar microstrip patch array antenna using the series feeding and resonating at 35.75GHz is designed. The simulation result shows that this antenna array has a gain of 22dB, small sidelopes and stable performance.
Applied Technology for Evaluation Index Modeling on Sports-Related Museum
Authors: Song Xiu Ping
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the author investigated the evaluation factors of sport-related museum using information processing technology. After analyzing some original data and research the existing literature, and the author construct an evaluation index equation. The author believed that the evaluation of sport-related museum can be performed by means of using the evaluation equation. This evaluation system has an objective impartially significance. However, the author revealed the computerized evaluation system should be developed in the near future, in doing so, it can save a lot of manpower and material resources.
A Novel Method Combining Grey Target Decision Model with Close Value for Material Selection Problem
Authors: Xia Fei , Yang Lian Wu , Chao Shi Gang
Published: December 2014

Aiming at the material selection problem, a new selection method is proposed combining the multi-target grey target decision model with close value method. The new method can reflect the alternative is close to the bull's-eye and away from the close value minus the bull 's-eye, which overcomes the traditional grey target decision model of sorting scheme only consider is distance to target's influence on the decisions without considering the negative distance to target. And the variation coefficient method is used to objectively determine the index weight, avoid the arbitrariness of previous subjective weight determination. Finally, the practical example of a material selection problem is given to illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the decision making process.
Research of an Improved Genetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Zhou Guo Hua
Published: December 2014

job shop scheduling is one of the most difficult NP-hard combinatorial optimize problems, in order to solve this problem, an improved Genetic Algorithm with three- dimensional coded model was put forward in this paper. In this model, the gene was coded with 3-D space, and self-adapting plot was drawn into conventional GA, then the probability of crossover and mutation can automatic adjust by fit degree. The instance shows that this algorithmic is effective to solve job shop scheduling problem.
Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Construction Detection and Node Management System in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Duan Shu Min , Wu Jian Jun
Published: December 2014

Particle swarm optimization objective is spatial neighborhood directly in the search space according to the distance between particles. This paper analyses method of detection and node management in wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes are randomly placed in the particle swarm optimization method, data acquisition, processing and transmission of the work. The paper presents using particle swarm optimization algorithm to construction detection and node management system in wireless sensor network. Simulation experiments show the validity of this method.
Data Processing with Mathematical Modeling for Research-Oriented Learning
Authors: Gao Xiu Juan , Xing Feng
Published: December 2014

Data processing is applied in many fields. Here the author has also discussed it in mathematical modeling. In addition, innovation is a frequently used word in recent years, and the role of mathematical modeling activities and research-oriented learning in training of students’ innovation ability shouldn’t be overlooked. The author of this paper discusses data processing for the internal relation between them with mathematical modeling case being the carrier. This is a question of optimization. Specifically, the optimal design of a zip-top can should realize the minimum total volume of material used for producing it under the premise that volume of the can is fixed.
Cloud-Based Next-Generation Data Center Design
Authors: Wang Liang
Published: December 2014

With the constant development of computer network technology, more and more enterprises have built their own data center in their networks, through which offers a variety of network applications and services. The increasing business volumes and rich types, as well as the amount and scale of data call for higher requirements in management and maintenance. Thus the traditional data center model can’t meet the demand obviously.
Study on Solidification Kinetics and Crystallization Analysis of Dynamically-Vulcanized PP/EPDM Blends
Authors: Hu Lei , Yang Bin , Xia Ru , Miao Ji Bin , Lu Fei Xue , Cao Ming , Qian Jia Sheng , Zhang Yu Chuan
Published: December 2014

PP/EPDM blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization technology within a HAAKE torque rheometer. The effect of different plastic/rubber ratios of PP/EPDM blends on the curing behavior and crystallization kinetics were investigated. The obtained results showed that the plastic/rubber ratios played an important part in the solidification process as well as the crystallization kinetics. With increasing EPDM content, the cooling rate of PP/EPDM blends was significantly larger than that of neat PP. When PP content was 20 wt%, the crystallinity of PP was obviously larger than that of neat PP. Compared with neat PP, the crystallization temperature of the blends were remarkably shifted to the lower temperature. EPDM particles showed active effect on the nucleation process of PP during the cooling crystallization of the PP/EPDM blends.
Synthesis and Application of 1-[(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)]-2-[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolane)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Fu Ying Long , Zhou Ling Yao , Fan Cong Bin , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2014

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)]-2-[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolane)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized. In the meantime, its photochromic, kinetics and fluorescence properties were investigated in detail. The results showed this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in solution [1]. The two isomers differ from each other not only in their absorption spectras, but also in many changes of various physical and chemical properties, such as dielectric constant, refractive index, as well as oxidation/reduction potential, etc [2]. Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to pink upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 516 nm in acetonitrile.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-(2-Methyl-3-benzothiophene)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-fluoro-4-chloro)phenyl-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Liao Guan Ming , Zheng Chun Hong , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2014

An asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene1-(2-Methyl-3-benzothiophene)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-fluoro-4-chloro) phenyl-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized and its phtochromic, fluorescent properties were investigated in detail. This compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, the colorless solution of 1o turned to violetred with a new visible absorption band centered at 538 nm (ε = 1.17 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1) attributable to the closed-ring isomer 1c. The kinetic experiments showed that the cyclization and cycloreversion processes were zeroth and first order reaction, respectively. Moreover, diarylethene 1o also exhibited obviously fluorescence switches along with the photochromism.The emission intensity of diarylethene 1o in a photostationary state was quenched to ca. 27% in hexane.
Erosion Behavior of Pulverized Coal Burner Nozzle Material Hardfaced by Solid Wire and Flux Cored Wire Electrode
Authors: Singh Jarnail , Singh Hazoor
Published: December 2014

In present study, an attempt was made to reduce the erosion rate of the Pulverized coal burner nozzle material. For better resistant to erosion, material was hardfaced by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) by using solid wire electrode and flux cored wire electrode under same welding conditions. The substrate steel hardfaced with flux cored wire electrode resulted in high microhardness as compare to solid wire electrode. The erosion study was conducted, using an air jet erosion test rig at a particle velocity of 50 m/s. Ductile erosion behavior is observed in the case when the substrate steels is hardfaced with solid wire whereas brittle erosion behavior is observed when the substrate steels is hardfaced with flux cored wire. At a low angle of impingement, the abrasive type cutting is the dominating factor for material removal, and at a higher angle of impingement, impact-type as well as abrasive-type cutting actions play critical roles. Plastic deformation characterized by pitting and cutting action was also observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to analyze the eroded surface. It was concluded that damaged surfaces of Pulverized coal burner nozzle material can be successfully hardfaced and improvement in erosion resistance was observed.
Investigation of Wire Consumption and Wear Mechanism in Trim Cut WEDM Operation of Commercially Pure Titanium
Authors: Chalisgaonkar Rupesh , Kumar Jatinder
Published: December 2014

This paper investigates the wire wear phenomena during finish cutting operation of wire electrical discharge machining for commercially pure titanium. In this research work, the effects of key process parameters such a wire type (zinc coated and uncoated brass wire), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (IP), wire feed (WF), servo voltage (SV) and wire offset (Woff) were investigated on wire weight consumption (eroded weight of wire after machining) in finish cut operation followed by rough cut WEDM. Experimental data were collected based on the Taguchi method of experimental design using L18 Taguchi standard orthogonal array. The experimental results were analyzed by conducting ANOVA test for finding out significance of the input parameters on wire weight consumption. Single response optimization was performed for exploring the optimum parametric setting for wire consumption in trim cut WEDM operation. Comparative study for the surface characteristics of the both types of wire (uncoated and zinc coated brass wire) used was done with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Automatization and Robotisation as a Lever for Process and Product Quality in SME
Authors: Smater Michał , Zieliński Jacek
Published: December 2014

The current situation in the growing European market, facing global competition and the world economic crisis and the pressure for minimum cost are forcing the Small and Medium Enterprises to act in order to increase their competitiveness. One possibility challenge this is to enhance the quality of the production process. This allows the production of high-quality products while keeping production costs at a reasonable and competitive level. This shall allow the companies to not only maintain the demanding market, but also contribute to their development and to build lasting relationships with customers.This article presents the results of the Q4SME project which aim was the preparation of the training courses tailored especially to meet the specific needs of production SMEs in terms to increase their competitiveness and to improve the production process quality.
Modular Multi-Rotor Helicopter Platforms
Authors: Tiimus Kristjan , Tamre Mart
Published: December 2014

The results presented in this paper describe a practicable solution to multi-rotor platforms constructed and put together with standardized components to allow flexibility and customizability. The extensive utilization of universal parts supports an easy introduction of changes in case of necessary design alterations and speeds up the whole process when constructional changes are required. The research has been applied to a variety of special use multi-copters and has proven to be very useful. Further development will follow to secure subcomponents with necessary Ingress Protection ratings and even further optimize universal components. The constructional layout of multi-copters is relatively simple and usually consists of the main middle frame that houses control electronics, batteries and payload fastenings. Protruding boom arms have motors mounted in the tips and power cables running inside. The frame, payload and boom arms are generally fastened with hexagonal socket head cap screws, which means that assembling and disassembling takes a notable amount of valuable time when setting the UAV up on the field. For this reason, modularity and rapid assembling are needed.Fig. 1. Multi-rotors performing ice-bank and high-rise inspection
Dynamic Testing of Railway Truss-Bridge
Authors: Bačinskas Darius , Kilikevičius Artūras , Ragauskas Paulius
Published: December 2014

The study results of the historic narrow-gage railway steel truss bridge built in the last century and still used are provided in this paper. Only one of the spans results is provided herein. Field tests with the original locomotive were carried out in order to develop an analytical model that will be used to evaluate the capacity of the bridge. Responses (dynamic displacements, accelerations, mode shapes, corresponding to the resonance frequencies and modal damping values) for the construction of the bridge were found. Studies have shown that the bridge meets the requirements and has enough reserve to work safely.
Real-Time Online Feet Trajectory Generation Method for Hexapod Robot
Authors: Luneckas Tomas , Luneckas Mindaugas , Udris Dainius
Published: December 2014

Hexapod walking robot is a complex electromechanical system with many degrees of freedom. Six legs ensure robot’s stability as at least three legs are always on the ground but require more effort in order to synchronize them for a successful locomotion. In this paper, we present a method that allows calculate feet trajectories in real-time and online. This method enables to select different gaits and their parameters.
Passive and Active Vibration Isolation Methods in Discrete Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Białas Katarzyna , Buchacz Andrzej , Gałęziowski Damian
Published: December 2014

Piezoelectric actuators are more and more common in many different technical and precision industries. Mechatronic systems which combine them with mechanical models and steering recently are used in plenty practical applications. In this paper, discrete mechatronic systems have been compared relating to known passive vibration isolation method and active that has been additionally introduced to considered systems. Requirements for the systems have been given in form of poles and zeros. Basing on amplitude response functions and dynamical flexibilities, damping performance in both cases has been investigated.
The System for Wireless Communication in the Group of Cooperating Mobile Robots
Authors: Garbacz Piotr , Mężyk Jordan
Published: December 2014

The Institute for Sustainable Technologies – NRI in Radom, together with Silesian University in Gliwice, have developed a group of mobile robots [1] intended for support of rescue actions. The group consists of two big robots: Explorer for exploring the environment and Transporter for transporting the number of small robots – Pathfinder (Fig. 1). The Explorer robot is capable of monitoring the environment in terms of temperature measurement, measuring the concentration of gases in the atmosphere and collecting the samples of soil. The Transporter is capable of transporting small robots and picking small objects as it is equipped with a container and a robotic arm and its purpose is to move small robots as close to the hazardous place as possible. Small robots called Pathfinder are intended to penetrate the area such as the room on fire and find potential victims or just allow the reconnaissance. All robots are equipped with one or more cameras and audio system for duplex communication. All the functions require the reliable and fast method of communication with enough bandwidth for the transmission of full duplex audio stream next to the simplex video stream and duplex control data stream.In the first part, the paper presents the brief overview of the market-available technologies for wireless communication; the second part presents the practical comparison test of selected products; and finally the last part of the paper describes the selected solution together with discussion on its capabilities.Fig. 1. Two of the group of four robots: small inspection robot and big transporter robotOne of the characteristic features of the designed group of robots is its low cost of production and maintenance, therefore the components used in the robot system could only be standard available constructions, but as the tests show, it is sufficient to fulfill the minimal requirement of range of at least fifty meters inside the typical building. Out of the considered communication equipment one of the commercially available Wi-Fi access point showed to be appropriate for the proposed application.
The Elastic Deformation of Machine Elements in Mechatronics Systems
Authors: Avišāne Anita
Published: December 2014

Today, mechanical engineering requires using more precise equipment, for that reason calculation of the deformation of machine elements requests higher accuracy. In the paper, an elastic deformation of machine elements taking into consideration the height of surface roughness is described. The paper studies and compares three different formulas for the calculation of the density of probability distribution of surface peak height and determination of the mathematical expectation value (ME) of surface peak height for those roughnesses being above a determined deformation level γ. The law on the density of probability distribution of peak height for such a normal random field was established by P.R. Nayak, yet this expression is practically inapplicable for the solution of engineering tasks, therefore the present work establishes that the given formula can be substituted by a simpler distribution law. Comparing three simpler formulas, sufficiently precise solution was established which can substitute the complicated formula.
Passive Reduction in the Identified Vibrations of the Machine Drive System in the Form of Multistage Gear Units
Authors: Dzitkowski Tomasz , Dymarek Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the method for designing machine drive systems in the form of multi-gear gearboxes depending on the desired dynamic properties which can be understood as a series of resonant and anti-resonant frequencies in the form of dynamic characteristics. The properties assumed in such a way are the starting point for the parametric and structural synthesis of discrete vibrating systems.
F-16 Virtual Cockpit – Project of Computer-Aided Learning and Integrated Diagnostics Application: Part I
Authors: Grzesik Norbert , Zahorski Tomasz
Published: December 2014

The most important factor in aviation safety is a well-trained pilot. Ground simulation is the primary element in modern pilot training. Aircraft technical development certainly increases requirements for young flying adepts. So far aging equipment like TS-11 “Spark” is used for practical training (on the ground and in the air) in Polish Air Force Academy. There are no advanced systems on board in this plane, so the basic theoretical and practical knowledge about up-to-date on-board aircraft systems for military pilots’ students needs to be provided. In the near future, some of them will fly by F-16 and this knowledge will help them faster and easier improve their flying skills.
Developing a Control System for Emergency Situations in the Automated Manufacturing Line of Wood Briquettes
Authors: Kunicina Nadezhda , Zabasta Anatolijs , Soboleva Julija
Published: December 2014

The conducted research describes the design of production lines with pneumatic, partly pneumatic, electrical and other types of control implementation and analyses two control system cases. The first one of emergency breaking and design of an additional control system for emergency regulation of the production line is based on a direct regulation principle. The second case of the factory comprises a number of wood briquette automated production lines and is based on the application of control networks for industrial process control and alarming. The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of control approaches.
Modifying Operating Conditions of the Friction Pair with an Additive Added to the Lubricant while Operating
Authors: Laber Stanisław , Laber Alicja
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the results of research into the effect of the use of an additive to the lubricating oil SAE 15W/40 on the lubricating properties (standardised tests), i.e. the weld point Pz, last non-seizure load Pn, load-wear index Ih, and seizure load Pt. The friction pair consisted of four balls and the tested lubricant. Moreover, the impact of the use of the lubricating oil (non-standardised tests) on tribological properties such as friction force, wear, and the temperature of the friction area for the friction pair C45 steel/210Cr12 steel, was explored. The additive contained copper and lead particles of the size of a few micrometers. The tests helped to determine the effect of the use of the additive to the lubricant on the formation of the operational surface layer. The results were used to build a model of the boundary layer formed as a result of the additive to the lubricating oil.
The Effect of the Disturbing Potential for the Gravity Field
Authors: Petroškevičius Petras , Birvydiene Rosita , Popovas Darius
Published: December 2014

The Earth’s gravity field tends to change due to various reasons. These are diverse processes occurring inside the Earth or changes initiated by human activity. The increasing accuracy of measurements has enabled to take into consideration fluctuations in the gravity field. The article presents research study on the effect of gravity potential describing variations in the gravity field affecting gravity field elements related to the performed measurements. Due to the effect of the disturbing potential, a change in gravity and the deviation of vertical and equipotential surface deformation have been determined. The paper has analyzed the disturbing effect of the material point or homogeneous sphere and has specified the possibilities of assessing the disturbing effect of any form of the homogeneous body. Based on the tidal potential induced by the celestial body, the disturbing effect of the Moon and Sun onto the Earth’s gravity field has been assessed. The carried out research indicates that the range of deformation changes in the equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field induced by the effect of the Moon is equal to 0.4824 m, whereas that of the Sun makes 0.1861 m. The conducted studies prove that, due to the effect of the Moon, the direction of the vertical, in terms of the Earth’s surface, tends to change up to 0.0541", and as a result of the Sun’s effect it could reach 0.0204". Having assessed the Lunisolar effect in the first order vertical network measurements in Lithuania, in a polygon with the perimeter of 451 km, it has been determined that the closing error of normal height difference has decreased by the factor of 1.3.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Application of Mode Shape Curvature for Damage Detection in Plate-Like Structures
Authors: Rucevskis Sandris , Akishin Pavel , Chate Andris
Published: December 2014

The paper describes on-going research effort at detecting and localizing damage in plate-like structures using mode shape curvature based damage detection algorithm. The proposed damage index uses data on exclusively mode shape curvature from the damaged structure. This method was originally developed for beam-like structures. The article generalizes the method of plate-like structures characterized by two-dimensional mode shape curvature. To examine limitations of the method, several sets of simulated data are applied and the obtained results of the numerical detection of damage are validated by comparing them with the findings of the case of the experimental test. The simulated test cases include the damage of various levels of severity. In order to ascertain the sensitivity of the proposed method for noisy experimental data, numerical mode shapes are corrupted with different levels of random noise. Modal frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of an aluminium plate containing mill-cut damage are obtained via finite element models for numerical simulations and by using a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV) for the experimental study.
Kinematic Analysis of a Four-Degree-of-Freedom Manipulator
Authors: Skalik Adam , Skrobek Dorian , Waryś Paweł , Cekus Dawid
Published: December 2014

The paper deals with the kinematics problem of a four-degree-of-freedom manipulator and derives equations for forward and inverse kinematics. A simulation model has been created applying SolidWorks program. On the basis of modelling, a real object used for experimental research has been built. Numerical, analytical and experimental results have been compared.
Stamping Die Modelling with Consideration to Drawpiece Springback Phenomenon
Authors: Stadnicki Jacek , Wróbel Ireneusz
Published: December 2014

Drawpieces made of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) usable for production of self-supporting car bodies are characterized by the presence of the springback phenomenon caused by the stress relaxation of the elastic part which is the result of stamping. Its compensation requires proper verification of die tools. The presented paper describes a methodology using CAE for die design. The methodology solves an optimization problem determining the verified shape of die tools upon taking into account the consistence of the drawpiece shape with the shape postulated in the project. The real drawpiece was used to judge the usefulness of the methodology in die design.
Analysis of the Dynamic Properties of the Mechatronic Integrator of Control Procedures of the Vehicle Driven by Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Banaś Wacław , Gwiazda Aleksander , Herbuś Krzysztof , Kost Gabriel , Ociepka Piotr , Reclik Daniel
Published: December 2014

The simulator of behavior of a disabled person driving the car is especially useful equipment. Mainly, the hands and the face of a driver are observed in order to determine facial expressions, slow-motion of the head and eyes, which according to the description of the simulation indicate disturbances of concentration and, in extreme cases may lead to nausea, or even loss of consciousness [1]. So, in the realization phase of the configuration the control system, the need to maintain high standards of safety was taken into consideration. The main problem described in the paper was measuring the acceleration and frequency of vibration during the operation of the simulator [2, 3, 4]. This analysis will help to determine whether any particular circumstances during crash simulations do not exceed the acceleration limit while the driver still feels its effects. It is also important to examine the frequency of vibrations, which during long driving simulator can cause nausea, dizziness or loss of consciousness. This analysis is a part of widely applied CAx analysis performed using special computer platforms that should be properly organized [5] and helps to expand the range of investigations [6].
Kinetics of Fatigue Crack Propagation at the Tooth Root of a Cylindrical Gear Wheel
Authors: Drewniak Józef , Rysiński Jacek
Published: December 2014

The present paper proposes an analytical method for determining the course (path) of crack propagation. A fatigue crack arises at the tooth root of a cylindrical geared wheel due to loading connected with gear work conditions. The cracking model was built using the adequate NASGRO2/3 formula; moreover, for comparison purposes, Forman and Paris-Erdogan’s laws were utilized. The length of an increase (propagation) in the crack was directly calculated by means of the boundary element method.
Designing Mechatronics Equipment Based on the Example of the Stewart Platform
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander , Herbuś Krzysztof , Kost Gabriel , Ociepka Piotr
Published: December 2014

Designing specific technical equipment requires solving a number of problems that consider the theoretical structures of particular technical means. In the case of mechatronics equipment, one should take into consideration three groups of problems: designing mechanical components, designing actuators and designing a control program [1]. Moreover, it is important to properly organize the process for the purpose to obtain a coherent project linking the three above mentioned sub-systems of mechatronics equipment [2]. Only when three sub-systems are properly designed, the whole system can appropriately and effectively operate. One should mention that the design process could be analyzed not only from the perspective of the partition of the main system but also from the perspective of design, material and assembly features [1, 3].Taking into account constraints providing for the design process, the procedures of creating the Stewart platform were followed. This platform was devised as an actuator of a car simulator [4, 5, 6, 7]. The process of designing was divided into the before introduced phases. First, the system of actuators was elaborated referring to information about the velocity and acceleration of a real car. Second, the control system was elaborated. The system was matched to the mechanical system of actuators. At the third stage, the control program was elaborated and tuned.All presented stages of the design process were computer aided so that the process of designing was conducted in virtual reality. It results in shortening the durability of the designing phase and in decreasing costs. This preparatory phase, including the realization phase, allowed preparing the real car simulator.
The Prediction Oriented Analysis of Mechatronic Machine Structures in Terms of the Signal Stream Flow
Authors: Hetmańczyk Mariusz Piotr
Published: December 2014

The article describes an approach dedicated to a hybrid representation of mechatronic systems combining matrix and block notations. The main attention is focused on the identification of relationships between mechatronic machines in respect of functional reliability (analysed in the form of block and digraph notations) and rules that allow for the simplification of the reliability function in the systems of machines connected in parallel, series and complex arrangement. The author has adopted a functional representation based on system demonstration employing a binary function of reliability in which the equation is determined based on the method for setting minimum paths in the graph (structural representation of each subsystem). The introduced assumption allows reducing any structure to a serial connection of functional blocks. The author of the paper has also described a manner of implementation in real systems. This article does not include the description of the method used for determining the reliability function, but only theoretical assumptions used in case of identifying functional dependencies.
The Prediction Oriented Analysis of Mechatronic Machine Structures Recorded by Directed Graphs
Authors: Hetmańczyk Mariusz Piotr
Published: December 2014

The paper presents possibility of usage the formalism of structural reliability notation with an implementation of directed graphs and reliability functions recorded in accordance with the Perfect Disjunctive Normal Form notation (PDNF). The author presents the mathematical basis used for an identification of internal structures of mechatronic machines and reduction it to the series-connected blocks. The presented method is a hybrid combination of a binary analysis of evaluated reliability functions (stored in the form of matrixes that relate to defined graphs) and blocks with binary inputs and outputs.
Passive Reduction in Vibration Considering the Desired Amplitude in the Case of Damping Proportional to the Mass
Authors: Dymarek Andrzej , Dzitkowski Tomasz
Published: December 2014

The paper presents and solves the problem of a discrete reduction in vibration in mechanical systems depending on the desired dynamic properties. The methods for determining the passive values of vibration elements reducing vibrations to the desired amplitude value were formulated. Synthesis was done, using the methods of a discrete synthesis of vibration systems and introducing an assumption concerning the damping element existing in the required system and taking a rheological model as a mass damping model.
Design of 32-Bit Washing Machine Controller
Authors: Milecki Andrzej , Pittner Grzegorz
Published: December 2014

In the paper, the structure of a typical washing machine, from the control point of view, is presented. Basic sensors, measuring elements and measuring methods are shortly described. Also drives and other output elements commonly used in washing machines are briefly presented. At first, the 32-bit STM32 microcontroller structure and then the design of washing machine controller is described. All modules are specified and their function and input/output signals are described. The important steps in controller setting in motion are presented. The paper ends with a short description of the implemented software.
SISO Model Identification of a Micro Air Vehicle for Robust Control Design
Authors: Mystkowski Arkadiusz
Published: December 2014

This paper describes a model identification method of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) for a further purpose of the robust control design. The identification procedure is based on logged real data collected from flight tests. For the identification purpose, both frequency and time-domain techniques are used. Identification results are presented for the lateral direction dynamics using the elevon (aileron deflection) as input and the roll angular rate as output. The MAV is a single-delta wing of the 0.84 m wingspan and 1.2 kg of total mass (ready to flight). The main goal of the system identification process is to achieve the best possible fit between the raw data and a dynamic model which is called a nominal model.
Motion Analysis of Mechatronic Equipment Considering the Example of the Stewart Platform
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander , Herbuś Krzysztof , Kost Gabriel , Ociepka Piotr
Published: December 2014

Modern CAD/CAE allows supporting the process of design and construction at many stages, from concept development through specific engineering calculations to the creation of design documentation. In the case of constructing mechanisms, the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the proposed system is an important step in the introduced process. The paper presents an example of the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the Stewart platform using Siemens NX software [1, 2]. The conducted investigation has allowed determining the geometric characteristics of the mechanism of the Stewart platform as well as the geometric parameters of actuators and their location. A dynamic analysis of the platform helped with establishing the required motor forces for realizing the moves with the maximum speed and acceleration. This allowed the initial selection of the parameters of electric motors. Traffic analysis was also performed for investigating collisions between the parts of the hexapod and between the hexapod and its environment.
The Application of Neural Position/Force Control in a Robotised Machining Process
Authors: Gierlak Piotr
Published: December 2014

This paper presents an application of a robotic manipulator in a machining process. Due to the specifics of the process and numerous phenomena which are difficult to be modelled, suitable tool for the robot control are neural networks. This work concentrates on the robot control process. A synthesis of a neural position/force control algorithm is presented. The algorithm was tested by simulation and in actual conditions on a laboratory stand. The work presents the experimental results with their comparison with an adaptive method based on the robot’s mathematical model.
Model of Six-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Rinkevičienė Roma , Kundrotas Benas , Tolvaišienė Sonata
Published: December 2014

Matlab/Simulink model of six-phase induction motor in synchronous reference frame is presented. The simulation results of torque and speed starting transients are obtained and discussed.
Design and Investigations into the Piezobender Controlled Servovalve
Authors: Sędziak Dariusz , Regulski Roman
Published: December 2014

Electrohydraulic servo drives can be found in many industrial applications. A typical design of a servovalve uses the known torque motor. The main concept of designing the modification of the servovalve described in the paper was concern about the application of a piezobender as an actuator, working between nozzles as a flapper, at a control stage. The paper presents and investigates the design of a power amplifier for piezobenders and a digital controller for an electrohydraulic servo valve with a piezobender element. The article shows and discusses the main concept of design and the results of experimental investigation.
Control System for a Technological Line for the Production of Electronically Secured Cards with RFID Labels
Authors: Zbrowski Andrzej , Samborski Tomasz , Przybylski Jan
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the structure of a control system incorporated into a process line for the production of documents secured with RFID labels. The line enables a flexible and easy manufacture of goods with different shapes and sizes in a low-cost experimental production undertaken to meet the needs of continuing improvement of prototypes and short series of innovative products with increased durability and higher level of security, which is possible to be obtained due to the application of electronic and graphical protection systems [1]. The line is intended for the assembly of multilayer documents. The documents are made of a raw stock in form of paper web, an RFID inlay and a protective film which all are glued together with the use of cold gluing and hot-melt techniques or in which a transfer tape with an adhesive film is applied. The tape and the elements mounted on it are transported and stopped by drive modules, whereas maintenance procedures are executed by actuators. These modules initiate proper strain of the tape, and as a result the material is flattened and a stable distance between the elements mounted on it is preserved. In the case of a start-stop operation and close distances between individual guide rollers, a proper tape strain and the time-space synchronization of all the modules constitute an important aspect of the control over the flexible technological system.
Magneto-Mechanical Effects in NDE & SHM Applications
Authors: Witoś Miroslaw , Żokowski Mariusz
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of material fatigue and discusses the issues concerning the example of two object classes: supporting structures and shaft working under real environmental conditions. In theoretical considerations, the Hall-Petch and Bailey-Hirsch relationships between microstructure and mechanical parameters are given. Magneto-mechanical effects and the magnetic passive observer have been used for evaluating the early phase of material fatigue. The Metal Magnetic Memory method of structural health assessment was verified and the potential for a reliable diagnosis of damage to the ferromagnetic material at the 1stand 2ndstage was confirmed.
Investigation into the Properties of New Materials Having a Possible Effect on the Evaluation Parameters of Sound Insulation and Absorption
Authors: Gužas Danielius , Anashko Sergej , Gogolashvili L.
Published: December 2014

The efficiency of creating and designing noise reduction measures greatly depends on physical, chemical, mechanical and other properties of the selected materials. Some of them and sometimes all of those have a big impact on the general sound insulation of designed measures that also include absorption values predetermining their efficiency.As has been known for a long time, the formed heavy partitions and elements acquire increased sound insulation according to the law of mass, i.e. the heavier is the weight per m2 of the surface (kg/km2), the higher is the sound of insulation.To increase the efficiency of noise reduction in barriers, it is necessary to search for some other properties of the material like design, quality, etc.The article describes how calculations and empirical manipulations facilitate finding an optimal complex construction effectively reducing noise.
Research of Dynamics of the Precision Mechatronical Line Scale Gage Calibration System
Authors: Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: December 2014

In the paper, the research on the influence of drive fixing place on dynamic properties of the precision mechatronical line scales gage calibration comparator is analyzed. With the aim to research the influence of the drive on the mechanical system of the length measurement comparator, the drive mounting position was replaced, and the friction drive was changed for the rope drive.
Development of a Novel Device for Attitude Control over Small Satellites
Authors: Bakanauskas Vytautas , Bansevičius Ramutis , Bručas Domantas , Domeika Aurelijus
Published: December 2014

Recent years have faced a very modern trend for space exploration activities – constructing, launching and operating nanosatellites have become very popular. One of the major problems of implementing and taking control over the nanosatellite is ensuring accurate but simple and small dimension equipment for attitude control. Most of the equipment implemented for the introduced task was large and bulky in the past and could be hardly used on extremely small satellites. The paper describes equipment under development for attitude control over satellites. Equipment relies on the implementation of piezoelectric transducers for the rotation of a spherical body, i.e. reaction sphere, thus ensuring precise three-axis attitude control over the satellite by means of a single device. Further, the article focuses on the device under development with some calculations and examples of implementing such instruments.
Analysis of Material Punching Including a Rotational Speed of the Projectile
Authors: Bocian Miroslaw , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Kosobudzki Mariusz
Published: December 2014

Materials used for the construction of ballistic shields are characterized by a variety of behaviours under the influence of external loads. Ballistic impact (by a bullet) in armour (ballistic shield) is an example of the phenomena that could be considered in the category of a dynamic load caused by the strike of the mass. Computer simulations are commonly used in such situations. It is especially important to adopt a proper model of the behaviour of the material. This paper presents the results obtained by simulating free 3D points and using the application developed by the authors for the purpose of this research. The made calculations include the translational motion and rotary motion of the projectile as well as the stiffness of the material, the damping of the material, friction at the points of contacting surfaces, viscous friction and plastic deformation (the material beyond the plastic yield point is perfectly plastic). The results of simulations were validated with experimental research.
Strategic Position of Casting Aluminum Alloys and Leading Technologies of their Manufacturing
Authors: Tański Tomasz , Labisz Krzysztof , Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz Anna Danuta , Sękala Agnieszka
Published: December 2014

Due to instrumentation and time constraints, it is infeasible to perform thorough research, especially experiments, for all the possible solutions, encompassing a full combination of materials with the expected mechanical and functional properties and the manufacturing technologies ensuring such properties. An objectivised selection of a material for research and its surface treatment technology is, therefore, essential in the planning phase of a materials science experiment. A methodology of computer-integrated prediction of development is dedicated to such task, enabling to perform an expert assessment and to present results thereof graphically using contextual matrices being a tool of a quantitative analysis that is very desirable in engineering circles. Considering the three groups of materials, i.e.: steels, casting magnesium alloys and casting aluminum alloys subjected to an expert assessment using a dendrological matrix being an inherent part of materials surface engineering development prediction methods, aluminum casting alloys has achieved the best position. It was further demonstrated that laser treatment is a technology of the highest potential and attractiveness in the context of applying aluminum casting alloys for surface treatment.
Influence of Joining Method on Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of 7020 Aluminum Alloy Joints
Authors: Dudzik Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the paper, the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy were presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys.The study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the ASTM G 106. EIS measurement was performed in three-electrode system in artificial seawater (3.5% NaCl). Impedance studies were carried out at the corrosion potential. Changed voltage signal amplitude in the range ±10 mV and frequency range of changes was as follows: 100 kHz – 0.1 Hz. Atlas 0531 EU & IA potentiostat was used for studies.The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are presented in the form of parameters characterizing the corrosion process. Obtained results were statistically analyzed.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies have shown that the joint welded by FSW has better electrochemical corrosion resistance than the joint welded by MIG and the native material – AW-7020 alloy.Original value are received results of the corrosion properties of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method and the native material.
Influence of Lead Angle Variation on the Coated Carbide Inserts Wear when Milling CGI and Modeling by Artificial Neural Networks and Regression Analysis Method
Authors: Karabulut Şener , Güllü Abdulkadir
Published: December 2014

The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of lead angle, cutting speed and the maximum chip thickness on tool wear in face milling process of compacted graphite iron. Tool failure modes and wear mechanisms for all cutting tools were examined in respect of various cutting parameters and were evaluated on the base of the flank wear. SEM analyses of the cutting inserts were performed and experimental results have been modelled with artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression analysis. A comparison of ANN model with regression model is also carried out. Predictive ANN model is found to be capable of better predictions for flank wear within the range used in network training. The R2 values for testing data were calculated as 0.992 for ANN and 0.998 for regression analysis, respectively. This study is considered to be helpful in predicting the wear mechanism of the coated carbide insert in the machining of compacted graphite iron.