bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient chemotherapy‐induced alopecia after successful reversal of 5‐fluorouracil myelosuppression and neurotoxicosis in a 9‐month‐old dog
Authors: Immelman LM , Goodman IH , Keller N
Published: March 2022

Background

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) cream is a common human topical chemotherapy agent with potentially fatal neurotoxic effects on dogs if accidentally ingested. There are seldom reports in veterinary literature describing the successful outcome of intervention after accidental ingestion of 5‐FU cream.

Case Summary

A 9‐month‐old spayed female labradoodle presented 14 h after ingesting an unknown amount of 40 g tube of Efudex cream (5% 5‐FU). The dog presented in status epilepticus, which was managed with benzodiazepines and levetiracetam in conjunction with induced coma and mechanical ventilation. No further seizure activity occurred throughout the ensuing 5 days of hospitalisation; however, myelosuppression was featured. The dog was discharged home after 5 days of hospitalisation. Three days post discharge, the dog was noted to develop focal alopecia around the eyes and temporal region. 14 days after discharge, the alopecia progressed to a majority of the head and body.

Conclusion

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that documents the enduring adverse effects of 5‐FU cream after survival of the initial episode, including an earlier onset of myelosuppression and diffuse alopecia. Successful treatment of accidental 5‐FU ingestion is possible several hours after the initial event with minimal long‐term consequences.
Strategies and foundations for scientific discovery in longitudinal studies of bipolar disorder
Authors: McInnis Melvin G. , Andreassen Ole A. , Andreazza Ana C. , Alon Uri , Berk Michael , Brister Teri , Burdick Katherine E. , Cui Donghong , Frye Mark , Leboyer Marion , Mitchell Philip B. , Merikangas Kathleen , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Nurnberger John I. , Pham Daniel , Vieta Eduard , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Young Allan H.
Published: March 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and dynamic condition with a typical onset in late adolescence or early adulthood followed by an episodic course with intervening periods of subthreshold symptoms or euthymia. It is complicated by the accumulation of comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. The etiology of BD remains unknown and no reliable biological markers have yet been identified. This is likely due to lack of comprehensive ontological framework and, most importantly, the fact that most studies have been based on small nonrepresentative clinical samples with cross‐sectional designs. We propose to establish large, global longitudinal cohorts of BD studied consistently in a multidimensional and multidisciplinary manner to determine etiology and help improve treatment. Herein we propose collection of a broad range of data that reflect the heterogenic phenotypic manifestations of BD that include dimensional and categorical measures of mood, neurocognitive, personality, behavior, sleep and circadian, life‐story, and outcomes domains. In combination with genetic and biological information such an approach promotes the integrating and harmonizing of data within and across current ontology systems while supporting a paradigm shift that will facilitate discovery and become the basis for novel hypotheses.
COVID‐19: What if immunity wanes?
Authors: Çenesiz M. Alper , Guimarães Luís
Published: March 2022

Using a simple economic model in which social distancing reduces contagion, we study the implications of waning immunity for the epidemiological dynamics and social activity. If immunity wanes, we find that COVID‐19 likely becomes endemic and that social distancing is here to stay until the discovery of a vaccine or cure. But waning immunity does not necessarily change optimal actions on the onset of the pandemic. Decentralized equilibria are virtually independent of waning immunity until close to peak infections. For centralized equilibria, the relevance of waning immunity decreases in the probability of finding a vaccine or cure, the costs of infection (e.g., infection–fatality rate), the degree of partial immunity and the presence of other NPIs that lower contagion (e.g., quarantining and mask use). In simulations calibrated to July 2020, our model suggests that waning immunity is virtually unimportant for centralized equilibria until at least 2021. This provides vital time for individuals and policy‐makers to learn about immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 before it becomes critical.
Temporal cortex activation explains children’s improvement in math attitudes
Authors: Suárez‐Pellicioni Macarena , Booth James R.
Published: March 2022

Math attitudes are related to achievement, yet we do not know how the brain supports changes in math attitudes. 51 children (54.9% female, 45.1% male; 37.3% White, 33.3% Black, 11.8% Latino, 5.9% Asian, 11.8% Other) solved a multiplication task inside the scanner when they were approximately 11 (time 1; T1) and 13 (time 2; T2) years old (i.e., mean age). Results revealed clusters in the left middle to superior temporal gyri at T1 associated with math attitudes at T1 and with their longitudinal improvement. However, changes in attitudes were not associated with brain changes over time. These findings suggest that relying on the storage of arithmetic facts, involved in memory retrieval, explains the development of positive math attitudes.
From synapses to circuits and back: Bridging levels of understanding in animal models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chockanathan Udaysankar , Padmanabhan Krishnan
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioural changes that include memory loss and cognitive decline and is associated with the appearance of amyloid‐β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain. Although aspects of the disease percolate across multiple levels of neuronal organization, from the cellular to the behavioural, it is increasingly clear that circuits are a critical junction between the cellular pathology and the behavioural phenotypes that bookend these levels of analyses. In this review, we discuss critical aspects of neural circuit research, beginning with synapses and progressing to network activity and how they influence our understanding of disease processed in AD.
Thought and reality in Marx's early writings on ancient philosophy
Authors: Schuringa Christoph
Published: March 2022

There is little agreement about Marx's aims, or even his basic claims, in his Notebooks on Epicurean Philosophy and Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature. Marx has been read as an idealist, or as a materialist; as praising Epicurus, or as criticizing him. Some have read Marx as using ancient philosophers as proxies in a contemporary debate, without demonstrating how he does so in detail. I show that Marx's dialectical reading of Epicurus's atomism aims at transcending the dichotomy between idealism and materialism; that on Marx's reading Epicurus deserves praise for thinking through atomism to its “highest” conclusion, but criticism for not embracing this conclusion; and that Marx's intervention in contemporary debates takes the form of revealing a dialectical relationship between “liberal” and “positive” philosophers. I conclude that the importance of these texts is to be located in their original stance on the problematic of the relation of thought to reality, common to what Marx finds in ancient philosophy and in his contemporary environment.
RETRACTED: The analysis of optimized path selection for management mode of coastal regional circular economy based on fuzzy decision algorithm
Authors: Wei Wenwan , Xiao De , Liu Wan
Published: March 2022

In order to achieve economic growth without destroying the environment and consuming resources, it is necessary to reasonably predict the development trend of circular economy. The evolution path of circular economy in the coastal regions was analysed based on the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The dynamic investigation was carried out through the variations of moving trajectory of model space points in a certain period of time, the evolution path of circular economy development in coastal regions was numerically simulated to conclude the evolution law of sustainable growth path in coastal regions, and the future development trend of coastal regional circular economy was predicted. Finally, the composite indicator is synthesized accordingly as an example to quantify the development of the Center of around Bohai Sea Economic Rim (BER). On the basis of introducing the basic situation of BER as well as its circular economy development status, comprehensive economic performance dataset of BER from 2005 to 2018 is used with specified TOPSIS method to improve the accuracy of evaluation. In addition, on the basis of the rule, the future development direction of the circular economy of the BER was predicted, and the policy suggestions were put forward in view of the development status and problems of circular economy.
Methane production controls in a young thermokarst lake formed by abrupt permafrost thaw
Authors: Pellerin André , Lotem Noam , Walter Anthony Katey , Eliani Russak Efrat , Hasson Nicholas , Røy Hans , Chanton Jeffrey P. , Sivan Orit
Published: March 2022

Methane (CH4) release to the atmosphere from thawing permafrost contributes significantly to global CH4 emissions. However, constraining the effects of thaw that control the production and emission of CH4 is needed to anticipate future Arctic emissions. Here are presented robust rate measurements of CH4 production and cycling in a region of rapidly degrading permafrost. Big Trail Lake, located in central Alaska, is a young, actively expanding thermokarst lake. The lake was investigated by taking two 1 m cores of sediment from different regions. Two independent methods of measuring microbial CH4 production, long term (CH4 accumulation) and short term (14C tracer), produced similar average rates of 11 ± 3.5 and 9 ± 3.6 nmol cm−3 d−1, respectively. The rates had small variations between the different lithological units, indicating homogeneous CH4 production despite heterogeneous lithology in the surface ~1 m of sediment. To estimate the total CH4 production, the CH4 production rates were multiplied through the 10–15 m deep talik (thaw bulb). This estimate suggests that CH4 production is higher than emission by a maximum factor of ~2, which is less than previous estimates. Stable and radioactive carbon isotope measurements showed that 50% of dissolved CH4 in the first meter was produced further below. Interestingly, labeled 14C incubations with 2‐14C acetate and 14C CO2 indicate that variations in the pathway used by microbes to produce CH4 depends on the age and type of organic matter in the sediment, but did not appear to influence the rates at which CH4 was produced. This study demonstrates that at least half of the CH4 produced by microbial breakdown of organic matter in actively expanding thermokarst is emitted to the atmosphere, and that the majority of this CH4 is produced in the deep sediment.
Towards identifying industrial crop types and associated agronomies to improve biomass production from marginal lands in Europe
Authors: Scordia Danilo , Papazoglou Eleni G. , Kotoula Danai , Sanz Marina , Ciria Carlos S. , Pérez Javier , Maliarenko Oksana , Prysiazhniuk Oleh , von Cossel Moritz , Greiner Beatrice E. , Lazdina Dagnija , Makovskis Kristaps , Lamy Isabelle , Ciadamidaro Lisa , Petit‐dit‐Grezeriat Lucas , Corinzia Sebastiano A. , Fernando Ana L. , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Cosentino Salvatore L.
Published: March 2022

Growing industrial crops on marginal lands has been proposed as a strategy to minimize competition for arable land and food production. In the present study, eight experimental sites in three different climatic zones in Europe (Mediterranean, Atlantic and Continental), seven advanced industrial crop species [giant reed (two clones), miscanthus (M. × giganteus and two new seed‐based hybrids), saccharum (one clones), switchgrass (one variety), tall wheatgrass (one variety), industrial hemp (three varieties) and willow (eleven clones)], and six marginality factors alone or in combination (dryness, unfavorable texture, stoniness, shallow soil, topsoil acidity, heavy metal and metalloid contamination) were investigated. At each site, biophysical constraints and low‐input management practices were combined with prevailing climatic conditions. The relative yield of a site‐specific low‐input system compared with the site‐specific control was from small to large (i.e. from −99% in industrial hemp in the Mediterranean to +210% in willow in the Continental zone), due to the genotype‐by‐management interaction along with climatic variation between growing seasons. Genotype selection and improved knowledge on crop response to changing environmental, site‐specific biophysical constraint and input application has been detected as key to profitably grow industrial crops on marginal areas. This study may act to provide hints on how to scale up investigated cropping systems, through low‐input practices, under similar environmental and soil conditions tested at each site. However, further attention to detail on the agronomy of early plant development and management in larger multi‐year and multi‐location field studies with commercially scalable agronomies are needed to validate yield performances, and thereby to inform on the best industrial crop options.
Re‐valuation of annual cytology using HPV self‐sampling to upgrade prevention (REACH UP): A feasibility study in women living with HIV in the UK
Authors: Cicconi Paola , Wells Charlotte , McCarthy Blanka , Wareing Susan , Andersson Monique Ingrid , Fox Julie , Lwanga Julianne , Pal Nisha , Burns Fiona , Woodward Clare , Malek Ramona , Sabin Caroline Anne , Dorrell Lucy
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Current UK guidelines for cervical cancer screening are based on the assumption that most women living with HIV (WLWH) are also high‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive. We aimed to provide data on prevalence of HR‐HPV in WLWH in the UK and to assess feasibility and acceptability of HR‐HPV self‐sampling in this group.

Methods

Women living with HIV attending six HIV services in London/south of England, with no history of cervical cancer, were enrolled. Participants self‐collected a vaginal swab for the detection of HR‐HPV, completed a survey about sexual/gynaecological history, attitudes towards annual screening and perception of HR‐HPV self‐sampling, and were asked to have their annual cervical smear.

Results

In all, 67 women were included: 86.5% were of black ethnicity, the median (range) age was 47 (24–60) years, median CD4 T‐cell count was 683 cells/µL [interquartile range (IQR): 527–910], and 95.4% had viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL. All performed the vaginal swab. Eighteen (27%) had no cervical smear results; none of these women attended HIV services where this was routinely offered. No cervical samples were positive for HR‐HPV. Three‐quarters (75.8%) of participants reported adherence to annual screening, with only one woman (1.5%) attending irregularly. On visual analogue scales (from 0 to 100), median (IQR) acceptability and necessity of smear tests were 100 (75–100) and 100 (85–100), respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the prevalence of HR‐HPV in WLWH in the UK may be low. Self‐sampling seems to be acceptable, suggesting, if validated, its potential role in supporting less frequent smear testing and improving screening uptake in WLWH.
The prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Norwegian dairy cattle farms: A comparison between free stall and tie stall housing systems
Authors: Idland Lene , Granquist Erik G. , Aspholm Marina , Lindbäck Toril
Published: March 2022

Aims

This study explored how dairy farm operating systems with free-stall or tie-stall housing and cow hygiene score influence the occurrence of zoonotic bacteria in raw milk.

Methods and Results

Samples from bulk tank milk (BTM), milk filters, faeces, feed, teats and teat milk were collected from 11 farms with loose housing and seven farms with tie-stall housing every second month over a period of 11 months and analysed for the presence of STEC by culturing combined with polymerase chain reaction and for Campylobacter spp. and L. monocytogenes by culturing only. Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and STEC were present in samples from the farm environment and were also detected in 4%, 13% and 7% of the milk filters, respectively, and in 3%, 0% and 1% of BTM samples. Four STEC isolates carried the eae gene, which is linked to the capacity to cause severe human disease. L. monocytogenes were detected more frequently in loose housing herds compared with tie-stalled herds in faeces (p = 0.02) and feed (p = 0.03), and Campylobacter spp. were detected more frequently in loose housing herds in faeces (p < 0.01) and teat swabs (p = 0.03). An association between cow hygiene score and detection of Campylobacter spp. in teat milk was observed (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Since some samples collected from loose housing systems revealed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. than samples collected from tie-stalled herds, the current study suggests that the type of housing system may influence the food safety of raw milk.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study highlights that zoonotic bacteria can be present in raw milk independent of hygienic conditions at the farm and what housing system is used. Altogether, this study provides important knowledge for evaluating the risk of drinking unpasteurized milk.
Nurse‐led interventions to manage hypertension in general practice: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stephen Catherine , Halcomb Elizabeth , Fernandez Ritin , McInnes Susan , Batterham Marijka , Zwar Nick
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the impact of general practice nurse‐led interventions for blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction in patients with hypertension. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized control trials. CINAHL, Medline and Scopus databases were searched to identify peer‐reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2021. A systematic review of randomized control trials was conducted using a structured search strategy. The Meta‐Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI‐MAStARI) was used to appraise study quality. Meta‐analysis and narrative synthesis were performed to determine the effectiveness of the included interventions. Eleven trials comprising of 4454 participants were included in the review. Meta‐analysis showed significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in trials with 6 months or less follow‐up. Improvements were also demonstrated in reducing blood lipids, physical activity, general lifestyle measures and medication adherence. Evidence for dietary improvements and reduction in alcohol and smoking rates was inconclusive. Nurse‐led interventions for patients with hypertension are heterogeneous in terms of the nature of the intervention and outcomes measured. However, nurse‐led interventions in general practice demonstrate significant potential to improve blood pressure and support cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction. Future research should be directed towards elucidating the successful elements of these interventions, evaluating cost‐effectiveness and exploring translation into usual care. This review provides evidence that nurses in general practice could enhance current hypertension management through nurse‐led interventions.
Association between biventricular pacing and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in the early post‐operative period after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Chou Andrew , Larson John , Deshmukh Amrish , Cascino Thomas M. , Ghannam Michael , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Oral Hakan , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank , Aaronson Keith D. , Pagani Francis D. , Liang Jackson J.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) improve outcomes in heart failure patients. Early ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are common after LVAD and are associated with increased mortality. The association between left ventricular pacing (LVP) with CRT and VAs in the early post‐LVAD period remains unclear.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of all patients undergoing LVAD implantation from 1/2016 to 12/2019. Patients were divided into those with CRT and active LVP (CRT‐LVP) immediately post‐LVAD implant versus those without CRT‐LVP. Implantable cardiac defibrillator electrograms were reviewed and early VAs were defined as sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation occurring within 30 days of LVAD implantation.

Results

Of 186 included patients (mean age 53 years, 75% male, mean body mass index 28), 72 had CRT devices, 63 of whom had LV pacing enabled after LVAD implant (CRT‐LVP group). Patients with CRT‐LVP were more likely to have VA in the early postoperative period (21% vs. 4%; p = .0001). All 9 patients with CRT in whom LVP was disabled had no early VA. Among those with early VA, patients with CRT‐LVP were more likely to have monomorphic VT (77% vs. 40%; p = .07). In multiple logistic regression, CRT‐LVP pacing remained an independent predictor of early VA after adjustment for history of VA and AF.

Conclusions

Patients with CRT‐LVP after LVAD implant had a higher incidence of early VA (specifically monomorphic VT). Epicardial LV pacing may be proarrhythmic in the early postoperative period after LVAD.
Reduction in cardiovascular disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor versus a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor: A real‐world retrospective administrative database analysis in Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Atsunori , Shoji Shingo , Onozawa Satoshi , Kosakai Yoshinori , Waratani Miina , Ito Yuichiro
Published: March 2022

Aims/Introduction

To evaluate the benefit of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without a CVD history.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study used Japanese hospital administrative data from the Medical Data Vision database (January 2015 to April 2020). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 625,739) who were new users of an SGLT2i (n = 57,070; 9.1%) or DPP4i (n = 568,669; 90.9%) were included. Outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (hHF), all‐cause death (ACD) and the composite of hHF or ACD. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the inverse probability weighting Cox proportional hazards model to compare CVD event risks between treatment groups.

Results

Compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significant reduction in hHF risk among patients without a CVD history (HR 0.507, 95% confidence interval 0.283–0.907), but not in the full cohort or those with a CVD history. SGLT2i was associated with a significant risk reduction of ACD (HR 0.592, 95% confidence interval 0.481–0.729) and the composite of hHF or ACD (HR 0.712, 95% confidence interval 0.613–0.826), compared with DPP4i in the full cohort; similar results were observed among patients with and without a CVD history.

Conclusions

In this real‐world study, SGLT2i versus DPP4i was associated with a significant reduction in hHF, ACD and hHF or ACD events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without a CVD history.
The first description of larvae and comments on the taxonomy of Stichaeus ochriamkini Taranetz, 1935 (Perciformes: Stichaeidae)
Authors: Balanov Andrey A. , Epur Irina V. , Shelekhov Vladimir A. , Turanov Sergey V.
Published: March 2022

Stichaeus ochriamkini (Stichaeidae) is common in the northern Japan Sea and the southern Okhotsk Sea. Among the five known representatives of the genus Stichaeus, early ontogenesis is the least studied in S. ochriamkini. In this study, the authors provide the first description of all larval stages of this species. In the north‐western Japan Sea, larvae are found in plankton from early April to early June. S. ochriamkini larvae can be identified using the following characters: postanal‐lateral pigment (PLP) lines present on the sides of the caudal part of the body and run along the anterior edge of hypaxial myomeres; 14–15 abdominal vertebrae; 32–34 rays in the anal fin; larvae disappear from plankton at a body length of LT > 25.0 mm (LS > 20 mm). Larvae of S. ochriamkini are very similar to larvae of Stichaeus punctatus. The melanin pigmentation in larvae of both species shows similar patterns of development. In the genus Stichaeus Reinhardt, 1836, two groups of species are distinguished by the presence/absence of PLP lines in larvae, and by significant divergence (clearly exceeding the species level) in the COI mtDNA gene. It is suggested the differences between these species groups is recognized at the generic level. Thus, the genus Stichaeus Reinhardt, 1836 should include S. punctatus and S. ochriamkini, whereas the other three species should be placed in the genus Dinogunellus Herzenstein, 1890: Dinogunellus fuscus, Dinogunellus nozawae and Dinogunellus grigorjewi.
Immunological regulation, effects, extraction mechanisms, healthy utilization, and bioactivity of edible fungi: A comprehensive review
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Hasan K. M. Faridul , Wei Shaofeng
Published: March 2022

The immune system is the body's first barrier to disease resistance, so immunomodulators occupy an important position in modern nutrition and health care industries. As a special kind of food with immune function, edible fungi contain many ingredients that can be used as immunomodulators. Edible fungi mainly promote cell apoptosis, induce autophagy in cancer cells, alleviate autophagy in damaged cells, and regulate cell polarization. Furthermore, it also facilitates to regulate or strengthen the body's immune system too. Some edible fungus can release immune factors through humoral immunity to improve the body's immunity. Therefore, based on the characteristics of edible fungi, it can be immunomodulated by multiple pathways and multiple targets; In addition, the extraction of edible fungi immunomodulatory compounds and the industry chain of edible fungi have also been research hotspots in recent years. Therefore, it has a good application prospect for the development of edible fungi. This article systematically expounds the types of edible fungi immunomodulatory compounds, extraction methods, immunomodulatory effects, edible fungi‐related industrial chains, and so on, in order to lay the foundation for follow‐up research.

Practical Applications

This article takes the extraction and healthy utilization of edible fungi's biologically active substances as a starting point and summarizes the immune regulation and mechanism of edible fungi, with a view to in‐depth study of the immune regulation mechanism and endogenousness of edible fungi. Overall, this review would provide a detailed understanding and discussions on the health promoting characteristics of edible fungi, which will facilitate the manufacturers with associated products.
Numerical analysis of vacuum drying of a porous body in the integrated domain
Authors: Amiri Milad , Ayani Mohammad bagher , Ziolkowski Pawel , Mikielewicz Dariusz
Published: March 2022

In the present study, the vacuum drying process of an apple slice is numerically modeled based on a control volume method. Transient two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes, energy, moisture, and Luikov equations are solved by numerical coding (Fortran) to simulate the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the ambient and apple slice, respectively. The privilege of using Luikov's model is that the capillary forces are considered, and a differentiation between air, vapor, liquid, and solid is made. Luikov described the two phenomena associated with the transport of air, vapor, and liquids through the porous media as molecular transport and molar transport. The ambient pressure linearly reduced within a minute until it reached a constant value. One of the intellectually demanding preoccupations among researchers is how to simulate the sample and its surroundings with high accuracy of boundary conditions, which enables to avoid the use of empirical transfer coefficients. This study can be scrutinized from various dimensions, among which nonuse of boundary condition between a porous sample and its surroundings is the most conspicuous novelty. Results showed that although at 50 s, isothermal and iso‐moisture lines inside the sample are symmetric, they are not symmetric at 100, 200, and 400 s. In addition, at first minute, pump operation leads to vary the density of the isothermal and iso‐moisture lines around the sample, but at 100, 200, and 400 s, higher temperature and moisture gradients have been achieved at the right and top of the sample surface.

Practical Applications

Drying is the main technique of food preservation, so that it reduces the humidity of crops and is the most crucial procedure for safeguarding agricultural crops because it has a considerable impact on the condition of parched goods. In this study, some assumptions of drying including using empirical transfer coefficients between sample and its surrounding and vacuum drying under constant pressure have been eliminated. To achieve this goal, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), plays a crucial role to simulate the parameters inside the sample and its ambient without using boundary condition.
Editorial: Honouring John Hardy – A true pioneer in research
Authors: Lourenco Mychael V. , Hausmann Laura
Published: March 2022

This Editorial highlights the knighthood recognition of Sir John Hardy, Professor and Chair at the University College London, for his exceptional services to human health and dementia research. We also celebrate his successful trajectory in neurochemistry and neurogenetics, and acknowledge his long‐standing contributions to the Journal of Neurochemistry as an author and editor. John Hardy's research identified key mutations linked to prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in humans and contributed to our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. As John's career has inspired many generations of researchers in neurochemistry, we present a brief Q&A interview with him on the occasion of his most recent recognition.

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Inhibiting α1‐adrenergic receptor signaling pathway ameliorates AD‐type pathologies and behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1 mouse model
Authors: Yu Zhong‐Yuan , Yi Xu , Wang Ye‐Ran , Zeng Gui‐Hua , Tan Cheng‐Rong , Cheng Yuan , Sun Pu‐Yang , Liu Zhi‐Hao , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Liu Yu‐Hui
Published: March 2022

The role of α1 adrenergic receptors (α1‐ARs) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has rarely been investigated. Clarifying the pathophysiological functions of α1‐ARs in the AD brain is helpful for better understanding the pathogenesis and screening novel therapeutic targets of AD. This study included 2 arms of in vivo investigations: 1) 6‐month‐old female APPswe/PS1 mice were intravenously treated with AAV‐PHP.eB‐shRNA (α1‐ARs)‐GFP or AAV‐PHP.eB‐GFP for 3 months. 2) 3‐month‐old female APPswe/PS1 mice were daily treated with 0.5 mg/kg terazosin or an equal volume of saline for 6 months. SH‐SY5Y cell lines bearing human amyloid precursor protein were treated with terazosin or saline for investigating possible mechanisms. α1‐ARs knockdown mice exhibited improved behavioral performances in comparison with control mice. α1‐ARs knockdown mice had significantly lower brain amyloid burden, as reflected by soluble Aβ species, compact and total Aβ plaques, than control mice. α1‐ARs inhibitor terazosin substantially reduced Aβ deposition, attenuated downstream pathologies including tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction et al., and rescued behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1 mice. In vitro investigation demonstrated that α1‐ARs inhibition down‐regulated BACE1 expression, and promoted ser9 phosphorylation of GSK‐3β, thus reducing Aβ production. This study indicates that inhibition of α1‐ARs signaling pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.

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Antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories
Authors: Goswami Ashita , Carsten Melissa , Coyle Patrick
Published: March 2022

Drawing from recognition‐based categorization and self‐fulfilling prophecy theory, the present study investigates antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories (LIFTs). Using latent variable modelling, in a sample of 230 leader‐follower dyads, we support our hypotheses that follower personality and in‐role behaviour influence LIFTs which, in turn, affect follower effort and performance. Specifically, we found that general factor of personality (GFP), including agreeableness, conscientiousness, extroversion, intellect, and emotional stability, positively predicted positive LIFTs and negatively predicted negative LIFTs. Furthermore, personality had an indirect effect on positive and negative LIFTs via active engagement and independent thinking behaviours respectively. With respect to outcomes, positive LIFTs indirectly impacted follower performance via effort. Contrary to our predictions, negative LIFTs also indirectly impacted follower performance via effort, despite showing a negative direct relationship with performance. Our comprehensive model reveals new insights on LIFTs and highlights the importance of educating both leaders and followers about LIFTs.

Practitioner points

Managers should be cognizant of the follower traits and behaviours that influence their expectations of followers and be mindful of the potential harm done by negative expectations.

Followers should be mindful of the way they engage with their leaders, especially when it comes to independent thinking behaviours which may be construed as rude or overly critical.

Finally, organizations should encourage leaders and followers to discuss implicit expectations as this may resolve misinterpretations of behaviour and negative attributions of performance.
Sierra Gorda 013: Unusual CBa‐like chondrite
Authors: Ivanova Marina A. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Humayun Munir , Yang Shuying , Ma Chi , Teplyakova Svetlana N. , Franchi Ian A. , Korochantsev Alexander V.
Published: March 2022

The new metal‐enriched anomalous chondrite Sierra Gorda 013 (SG 013) contains two different lithologies. Lithology 1 (L1) is represented by anomalous CBa‐like chondrite material containing ~80 vol% of Fe,Ni‐metal particles and globules up to 6 mm in size; chondrules and clasts of types POP, BO, and SO (up to 5 mm in diameter); rare sulfides; and shock melted silicate–metal areas. It does not contain any fine‐grained matrix. Several chondrules contain chromite–pyroxene symplectites. Lithology 2 (L2) has a recrystallized texture with evenly distributed olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase. L2 does not have any chondrules or sulfides, and contains less Fe,Ni‐ metal (~25 vol%) than L1. Both lithologies contain reduced olivine (Fa2–4) and pyroxene (Fs3.5), similar to CBa chondrites. Similar to CBa, there is no Ni‐Co correlation in the SG 013 metal. Rare sulfides in L1 are enriched in V. Chromite was observed in both lithologies. Oxygen isotope compositions of both lithologies are different but in the range of CBa chondrites. Bulk major and trace element geochemistry of nonporphyritic chondrules and bulk siderophile compositions in metal globules of L1 indicate elemental fractionation during formation of metallic and silicate objects with records of the evaporation process: depletion in moderate and volatile elements with the exception of Cr. Bulk geochemistry of porphyritic chondrules of L1 and the silicate portion of L2 is similar and also indicates evaporation processes. The rare Earth element (REE) distribution of L1 chondrules records a very fractionated signature corresponding to possible differentiated precursor material, while the REE pattern of L2 is primitive chondritic. The formation of SG 013 could be explained by collisions of planetesimals producing an impact plume, the precursor material of which could be chondritic and possibly differentiated. Both lithologies were affected by secondary processes: L1 preserved the traces of shock events and partial melting resulting in formation of symplectites in chondrules, melt pockets, and metal–silicate melt between the metal globules; L2 was affected by shock thermal metamorphism (up to 900 °C) resulting in recrystallization.
A novel microRNA regulates cooperation between symbiont and a laterally acquired gene in the regulation of pantothenate biosynthesis within Bemisia tabaci whiteflies
Authors: Sun Xiang , Liu Bing‐Qi , Li Chu‐Qiao , Chen Zhan‐Bo , Xu Xiao‐Rui , Luan Jun‐Bo
Published: March 2022

Horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) play a key role in animal symbiosis, and some horizontally transferred genes or proteins are highly expressed in specialized host cells (bacteriocytes). However, it is not clear how HTGs are regulated, but microRNAs (miRNAs) are prime candidates given their previously demonstrated roles in symbiosis and impacts on the expression of host genes. A horizontally acquired PanBC that is highly expressed in whitefly bacteriocytes can cooperate with an obligate symbiont Portiera for pantothenate production, facilitating whitefly performance and Portiera titre. Here, we found that a whitefly miRNA, novel‐m0780‐5p, was up‐regulated and its target panBC was down‐regulated in Portiera‐eliminated whiteflies. This miRNA was located in the cytoplasmic region of whitefly bacteriocytes. Injection of novel‐m0780‐5p agomir reduced the expression of PanBC in whitefly bacteriocytes, while injection of novel‐m0780‐5p antagomir enhanced PanBC expression. Agomir injection also reduced the pantothenate level, Portiera titre and whitefly performance. Supplementation with pantothenate restored Portiera titre and the fitness of agomir‐injected whiteflies. Thus, we demonstrate that a whitefly miRNA regulates panBC‐mediated host–symbiont collaboration required for pantothenate synthesis, benefiting the whitefly–Portiera symbiosis. Both panBC and novel‐m0780‐5p are present in the genomes of six Bemisia tabaci species. The expression of a novel miRNA in multiple B. tabaci species suggests that the miRNA evolved after panBC acquisition, and allowed this gene to be more tightly regulated. Our discovery provides the first account of a HTG being regulated by a miRNA from the host genome, and suggests key roles for interactions between miRNAs and HTGs in the functioning of symbiosis.
Inflammasome and gasdermin signaling in neutrophils
Authors: Yow See Jie , Yeap Hui Wen , Chen Kaiwen W.
Published: March 2022

Inflammasomes and gasdermins mount potent host defense pathways against invading microbial pathogens, however, dysregulation in these pathways can drive a variety of inflammatory disorders. Neutrophils, historically regarded as effector phagocytes that drive host defense via microbial killing, are now emerging as critical drivers of immunity in vivo. Here, we summarize, the latest advancement in inflammasome, gasdermin, and cell death signaling in neutrophils. We discuss the mechanisms by which neutrophils resist caspase‐1‐dependent pyroptosis, the lytic function of gasdermin D and E during NETosis and Yersinia infection, and the contribution of neutrophil inflammasomes to inflammatory disorders.
Variation in soil seed bank and relationship with aboveground vegetation across microhabitats in a savanna‐woodland of West Africa
Authors: Sanou Lassina , Savadogo Patrice , Zida Didier , Thiombiano Adjima
Published: March 2022

Soil seed bank (SSB) characteristics may vary with habitat heterogeneity. We investigated the SSB density in three microhabitats (under canopy, eroded soil and bare soil) in five vegetation types (abandoned farm, dense woodland, gallery forest, grassland and open woodland) at varying soil depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–15 cm) in a savanna‐woodland in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Total germinable SSB densities varied between 4 and 308 seeds per dm3 of soil. Herbaceous taxa were the major constituent of the germinable SSB across the microhabitats, regardless of vegetation type. Seedlings of 30 species emerged from the SSB, of which 24 were annual species and only 4 woody species, indicating that natural regeneration of woody species via seed dispersal is limited. Both microhabitat and vegetation type contributed to the variation in taxa richness, and germinable seed density and diversity. There was a significant difference in SSB density and richness between microhabitats in the different vegetation types (p < 0.05). The SSB densities were higher under tree canopies than outside tree canopies (eroded soil and bare soil) and highest in the upper soil layers in all vegetation types. The aboveground vegetation (AGV) and flora within the SSB shared many herbaceous species but many woody species present in the AGV were absent in the SSB. Under tree canopies are the ecological niches that favor accumulation of a diversity of seeds, suggesting the preservation and conservation of adult trees in savanna‐woodland ecosystems is critical to facilitating the restoration of these ecosystems.
Closure of oro‐antral fistulae in conjunction with functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A systematic review and retrospective analysis
Authors: Aruede Glenda , Smart Keith , Mustafa Shakir
Published: March 2022

Aim

An oro‐antral communication (OAC) is a recognised potential complication of maxillary tooth extraction. If it does not resolve, a pathological epithelialised tract or oro‐antral fistula (OAF) can develop. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether OAF closure with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) provides an effective approach for total closure and relief of sinusitis.

Material and Methods

The systematic review followed the PRISMA format. An electronic database search was performed to identify publications in English between 2010 and 2020, containing human subjects with radiographic evidence of sinus pathology, relating to OAF formation following extraction, and simultaneous OAF closure with FESS. Success was measured as total closure and relief of symptoms after 3 weeks. A retrospective analysis of patients within the Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board that fit the eligibility criteria over a 5‐year period was conducted and compared with the results of the review.

Results

Five papers were included in the review, covering 86 OAFs, with an overall success rate of 97.7% (84/86). Two patients required revision surgery, due to recurrent OAFs, who were both diabetic and smokers. A total of 13 patients met the case series' inclusion criteria, and 100% success was achieved. A minor complication of post‐operative nasal synechia arose in 4/99 (4.0%) patients. Evidence‐based guidance was created for local dentists encountering an acute OAC.

Conclusions

OAF closure with FESS can be considered a highly effective approach, leaving patients symptom‐free. It is important that protocols are in place for dentists suspecting an OAC to expedite patient management.
Genome sequence and population genomics provide insights into chromosomal evolution and phytochemical innovation of Hippophae rhamnoides
Authors: Yu Liyang , Diao Songfeng , Zhang Guoyun , Yu Jigao , Zhang Tong , Luo Hongmei , Duan Aiguo , Wang Jinpeng , He Caiyun , Zhang Jianguo
Published: March 2022

Plants of the Elaeagnaceae family are widely used to treat various health disorders owing to their natural phytochemicals. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an economically and ecologically important species within the family with richness of biologically and pharmacologically active substances. Here, we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of seabuckthorn (http://hipp.shengxin.ren/), the first genome sequence of Elaeagnaceae, which has a total length of 849.04 Mb with scaffold N50 of 69.52 Mb and 30 864 annotated genes. Two sequential tetraploidizations with one occurring ~36‐41 million years ago (Mya) and the last ~24–27 Mya were inferred, resulting in expansion of genes related to ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation. Comparative genomic analysis reconstructed the evolutionary trajectories of the seabuckthorn genome with the predicted ancestral genome of 14 proto‐chromosomes. Comparative transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses identified some key genes contributing to high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ascorbic acid (AsA). Additionally, we generated and analysed 55 whole‐genome sequences of diverse accessions, and identified 9.80 million genetic variants in the seabuckthorn germplasms. Intriguingly, genes in selective sweep regions identified through population genomic analysis appeared to contribute to the richness of AsA and fatty acid in seabuckthorn fruits, among which GalLDH, GMPase and ACC, TER were the potentially major‐effect causative genes controlling AsA and fatty acid content of the fruit, respectively. Our research offers novel insights into the molecular basis underlying phytochemical innovation of seabuckthorn, and provides valuable resources for exploring the evolution of the Elaeagnaceae family and molecular breeding.
Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms
Authors: Kitamoto Sho , Kamada Nobuhiko
Published: March 2022

Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth–gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.