bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISCREDITATION OF THE DEFENDER'S WORK AS A PROTECTIVE VERSION: PROCEDURAL AND ETHICAL ASPECT
Authors: Revina I. V. , Chebotareva I. N.
Published: December 2018

The problem of creating proper safeguards to ensure attorney-client privilege has always attracted the attention of lawyers, as this Institute is the basis of advocacy. The issues of preservation in secret from third parties information notified to the client in confidence to his attorney are solved first of all at the legislative level. Thus, the Russian legislation on advocacy and the legal profession establishes the legal profession as a fundamental basis for the profession of lawyers and also obliges lawyers to enforce it. Paragraraph 1 of Article 8 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On advocacy in the legal profession in the Russian Federation", as well as p. 5 Article 6 of the Code of Professional Ethics of a lawyer determine the subject of the privilege. As a guarantee of its securing p.2 Article 8 of the Law on Advocacy indicates the impossibility of calling a lawyer and his interrogation as a witness about the circumstances that have become known to him in connection with the provision of legal assistance. In accordance with the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue, expressed in a number of decisions and definitions, the state is obliged to ensure at the legislative level and in law enforcement, such conditions for the exercise by citizens of the right to qualified legal assistance and for effective implementation by lawyers of activities to provide it, under which the citizen has the opportunity to freely disclose to the lawyer confidential information, and the lawyer in turn - the opportunity to prevent its disclosure. At the same time the requirement of confidentiality is the basis of a trust relationship between a lawyer and a client, covers any range of information provided both directly by the client and obtained independently by a lawyer during the provision of legal assistance and it is not limited in time. In the aspect of the above, the question of the possible limits, subjects and grounds for its disclosure, admissible criteria from the point of view of both legal and moral bases is very acute. The article focuses on the importance and relevance to the practice of law Institute attorney-client privilege, allowed its disclosure in light of changes in the existing criminal-procedural legislation, in particular, during the questioning of counsel, previously provided legal assistance in criminal proceedings with the aim of establishing procedural violations of investigative actions with his participation . The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the rules of legal and ethical regulation of this institution; generalize disciplinary practice of lawyer chambers of the subjects of the Russian Federation; emphasize the procedural contradictions in this aspect. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice and can also be used in the educational process.
HEREDITARY FUND - NEW CATEGORY IN THE CIVIL LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Tarasov Y. A. , Ignatenko G. S. , Gulyaev N. A. , Tertichnikov D. V.
Published: December 2018

New category in the Russian civil law (hereditary fund) is described in the article. Hereditary fund represents Russian analog of widespread institute of trust in Europe. Norms regulating activity of hereditary funds will be active from 09.01.2018. Hereditary fund is created by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to will citizen. On the basis of his property the fund which is carrying out activities for property management receives inheritance. It can be termless or during a certain term. Only one person can create hereditary fund. Hereditary fund is created after the death of the citizen according to his will. To create hereditary fund it is necessary to have the will of the citizen which contains decision on hereditary fund creation. It is also necessary to have fund charter and fund management. The application for hereditary fund creation is submitted by the notary within 3 days from the moment of hereditary opening. As legal entity hereditary fund has isolated property which is formed by provided law. The property from fund is transferred to persons who are named in the decision on hereditary fund establishment or separate categories from an uncertain circle of people defined according to fund charter. The structure of hereditary fund bodies or an order of their formation is also defined by the testator. Despite introduction of a new design to the Russian civil law there are reasonable doubts whether hereditary funds will become popular in Russia or not. It is connected with a number of gaps which are in adopted law.
HISTORY OF LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT ABOUT CHILD LABOUR IN RUSSIA TILL OCTOBER 1917
Authors: Gordeev I. A. , Gordeeva M. I.
Published: December 2018

This article is devoted to history of legislation development about child labour in Russia till October 1917. The beginning of industry development in Russia in the 19th century demanded a large number of “working hands”. At the same time businessmen didn't want to lose planned benefit and tried to look for such workers who would be less exacting in compensation at sufficient labor efficiency. Children were such labor and their work was necessary for many factories and plants. State support of Russian bourgeoisie of central part didn't hurry to regulate legislatively labor relations, establish obligations of industrialists in relation to workers in general and juvenile workers in particular. All this explains why restriction projects of juveniles’ labor couldn't be implemented within the 1870th years. Legal labour support in Russia at the end of XIX - the beginning of the XX century was progressive. Acts were adopted in the conditions of not only industrialists’ opposition and workers, but also in the conditions of businessmen competition. Laws governed public relations on labor wage application, children and women labor involvement and also initial training of juveniles in pre-revolutionary Russia. The value of factory legislation acts in regulation of minor workers is high. They opened a way to legal settlement of disputes in industrial environment of the end XIX - the beginning of the XX century. Originally adopted acts were conditional. However under the influence of social, political and legal factors more accurate forms were corrected. Authors note that serfdom cancellation and other reforms of the beginning of the 60th years of the 19th century in Russia were made for broad development of market relations which caused the necessity of working legislation formation. There was a legislative fixing of parties' inequality at enterprises and unpunished exploitation of children.
ABOUT MATERIAL SIGN OF EMBEZZLEMENT
Authors: Narodenko V. V.
Published: December 2018

The article describes provisions which are in the first note to Article № 158 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and also signs of embezzlement enshrined in criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Literal interpretation of the specified provisions of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation leads to a conclusion that things having physical expression and sign of corporality can act as a subject of embezzlement. Meanwhile the author of the article criticizes provisions of the criminal law. The author states thesis that despite the instruction in the Criminal code of the Russian Federation on obligation of harm causing to the owner by embezzlement, not only things but also other property can be as a subject of specified criminal encroachment. The article also describes arguments about illegal withdrawal of separate non-material things. Analyzing judgments it is possible to say that practice interprets the first note to Article № 158 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation in broad. It is necessary to understand as property not only things but also other benefits, in particular, non-cash money on bank accounts, paperless securities. Thus, despite difficulties, illegal actions for withdrawal of specified benefits judicial and investigative practice are qualified as embezzlement. These conclusions can be extended to situations connected with illegal withdrawal of other objects which are property but without material expression. The author suggests changing the existing definition of «embezzlement» and replacing the concept "owner" with the uniformed term “possessor of a right”.
ОN THE INTEGRATED CRITERIA OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY
Authors: Kolmykov V. I. , Rodionova I. N. , Vorobyeva O. V. , Fomichyeva L. M.
Published: December 2018

On the example of chain conveyors, the article shows the relationship between the change in the operation process of constructive, energy and other parameters of a machine and reliability parameters. The authors have presented the analysis of methodological approach that is based on wear and damage of machine parts with increase in the duration of their operation and the impact of these changes on the performance of a machine. On the example of heavy-duty transporters, the paper presents the method which shows that at a constant load of conveyor (Q и W-const ) with increase in the duration of its operation, the power required to drive it will also increase. According to this parameter, one can judge about the current status of power components of a conveyor, and it is also possible to calculate the reliability (longevity, failure-free performance, etc.). If you use a chain with links strengthened by innovative technologies (e.g., wear-resistant coatings and modification of surface layers by diffusion saturation, etc.) longetivity increases. The energy supplied to the machine is spent on useful work and overcoming friction forces and other resistance forces arising in the machine elements. As you increase the duration of operation, the condition of machine parts changes (due to wear, corrosion, fatigue and other destructive processes). These changes mainly cause more energy consumption for overcoming them. Thus, when having a constant load of conveyor (Q и W-const ) with increase in the duration of its operation the power required to drive it will increase too. For this parameter which is easily measured by appropriate instruments, it is possible to judge the current status of the power components of a conveyor, and calculate the reliability (longetivity, failure-free performance, etc.)., etc.). One of the important indicators of reliability of complex machinery is maintainability. Machines parts are restored in parallel in specialized shops or businesses, and the repair time does not overlap with the downtime of the whole machine to be repaired. Therefore, maintainability in such cases can be more properly evaluated using such an indicator as the complexity of maintenance and repair. The article shows the possibility of evaluating machine reliability according to the complexity of works, their maintenance and repair. The obtained dependences established for evaluation of reliability of machines on the basis of complex criteria can be used at the design stage, when calculations of the output parameters can be carried out instead of costly full-scale or bench testings.
APPLICATION OF MULTIFACTOR CORRELATION-REGIRESSION ANALYSIS FOR MODELING REGIONAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE INFORMATION ADVISORY SYSTEM
Authors: Averchenkov A. V. , Averchenkova E. E. , Goncharov D. I. , Pomogaeva K. Y.
Published: December 2018

The current state of modeling regional social and economic systems cannot still be defined as an effective tool for developing regional policies in the Russian Federation. The article provides an algorithm for modeling a regional social and economic system for the needs of the information advisory system being developed. The authors determined the functional significance of the mathematical modeling block of the regional social and economic system in the developed information advisory system; its interaction with other components of the program is described.The authors developed an algorithm that proves feasibility of applying the specific mathematical function to describe trends in the development of indicators for the forecast of the social and economic development of the RF region in the information advisory system being developed.The generated algorithm provides for the possibility of using single- or multifactor regression to form a mathematical dependence. It is shown that the result of mathematical modeling in the advisory system is the formation of a list of indicators assigned to the executive state government bodies or subdivisions of the regional government for which the information advisory system forms an assessment of the values оf indicators for the near future. Using the principle of materiality, the program forms recommendations regarding the need for management impact on the analyzed indicators. The article using the example of the Bryansk region presents the experience of using multiple regression for modeling values of the sample indicator of the development of the regional social and economic system "Investments in fixed assets". As initial data, the departmental expenditure structure of the Bryansk region for the departments of economic development and construction and architecture for 2011-2019 was used. In the program module Statistica, the corresponding regression equations were formed, and then the model was evaluated for reliability. The results of regression analysis for the estimated indicator are also given. The article provides the conclusion stating that the use of multifactor correlation-regression analysis for modeling a regional social and economic system based on the Bryansk region data makes it possible to expand the capabilities of the information advisory system being developed.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LOSSES OF PRESTRESSING IN FINE REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Authors: Parfenov S. G. , Morgunov M. V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with late losses of prestressing of reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep in fine reinforced concrete structures. Creep deformations can several times exceed the elastic straincaused by load. The most common in practice caseof the development of concrete creep is slowly decreased creeping with timewith a rather high initial rate of the development in the first hours after loading. It is typical for stresses that do not exceed the long-term resistance of concrete. Experimental study of deformation of shrinkage and creep of fine-grained concrete allows us to compare the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep. Usually there is an aggregate effect of these factors, which significantly complicates the study of the processes occurring in concrete during long-term exposures. Basically, the results obtained during testing of concrete prisms are used to compare stress-related properties of concrete, but this is not enough to study the loss of prestressing due to concrete shrinkage and creep and testing should be carried out on elements reinforced with prestressed reinforcement to take into account changes in prestresses and redistribution of stresses on the height of the cross section (depth) of the element with a prolonged action of the prestressing force. The results of experimental studies of rectangular reinforced concrete beams at loadcase of different ages of t = 14, 28, 280 and 320 days are analyzed. The losses from rapid creep, shrinkage losses, total losses from shrinkage and creep are considered. The experimental data are presented in the form of graphs and tables. There was performed comparison of the experimental data with the calculated ones determined according to the current standards, and for shrinkage according to the method proposed by I.I. Ulitsky as well.
MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY: MODERN STAGE FEATURES AND GROWTH POINTs
Authors: Emelyanov S. G. , Radzievskaya T. V.
Published: December 2018

To determine the possible directions of Russian modernization, the most well-known approaches to the problem are identified, the analysis of which, as well as the accumulated experience of reforms in Russia and abroad indicates that the success of modernization is associated with the development of a strategy based on the support of the society of regulatory actions by the country's leadership and agreement to the mobilization of available resources. Criticism of the modern theory of modernization is aimed at changing the purely economic approach in the direction of taking into account the specific features of social development, as well as the need to ensure the modernization of institutional changes. Modernization tools are reproduction of proven innovations and use of advanced technologies, non-standard approaches of process participants and increase their number, stimulation and expansion of investment of modernization projects. Previously used methods of transformation, based on ideological attitudes, appear to be unproductive, at present, it is necessary to be guided by the results of the long-term scientific forecast of Russia's development priorities, the existing life experience of the population and realistic goals of economic development within the framework of the emerging world order. As the points of innovative growth of the Russian economy identified industry, which in terms of global competition and the international division of labor can be considered a priority in the long term: extraction and processing of hydrocarbons and other minerals, metal-intensive engineering and chemical production, agro-industrial complex, military-industrial complex and technologically related innovative civil sectors of nuclear energy, aerospace, electronic information, medical and biotechnological. It is noted that the success of modernization is associated with structural reforms of public administration, the judicial system and the formation of demand both within the country and outside the human capital that meets the requirements of innovative development.
ON THE MEASURES OF CIVIL LEGAL LIABILITY: THEORETICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Andreev Yu. N. , Zolotarev A. P.
Published: December 2018

The work is devoted to topical problems of the civil theory of civil legal liability measures. The authors propose their classification of the measures of civil legal liability, give a brief description of some types of these measures, make reasoned proposals for further development of legislation in the field under studies. The authors of the proposed article refer compensation (recovery) of damages, recovery of penalties (fines, penalties), interests, loss of deposit, payment of deposit in double size, compensation to the measures of civil liability:. There are legitimate, contractual, preclusive, compensation-restorative, and punitive measures of civil legal liability. Civil legal liability measures can be differentiated into the following measures: a) delictual; b) contractual and c) conditional liability; taking into account the subjects of liability they can be classified into: a) measures of liability of individuals; b) measures of liability of legal entities; c) measures of liability of public legal entities, the state. The authors of the article assert that in civil legal there are compensatory payments for: 1) causing moral harm (see, for example, Articles 151, 1099 - 1101 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); ) diminishing business reputation of legal entities (Article 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 3) violation of the property rights of consumers (Article 145 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights); 4) violation of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity, means of individualization (Article 1252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 5) causing anthropogenic, natural or terrorist harm; 6) infliction of damage by lawful actions of state and municipal bodies (Article 6.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); 7) violation of reasonable time limits for judicial proceedings and enforcement of judicial acts. Professor Yu. .N. Andreev and post-graduate student A.P. Zolotarev also refer measures of corporate liability of the members of the corporation to the corporate organization, and, conversely, liability of the corporations to its members to civil legal measures of liability. At the same time, many measures of civil legal liability are simultaneously measures of civil protection. The authors of the article suggest renaming the ‘compensation of damages’ as a way of protecting civil rights, stipulated in Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, to ‘recover damages’ or ‘compensation for property damage’, clarify Article 15 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation indicating that compensation for damages is applied with a view to recovering property damage for tortious destruction, damage, diminution, restriction of material benefits, non-performance (improper performance) of contractual obligations, non-compliance with unjust enrichment obligation.
IMPROVEMENT OF GUARANTEES FOR THE SUPPORT OF the RIGHTS of MINORs IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURES BY IMPLEMENTing the IDEAS OF JUVENILE JUSTICE: LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: Revina I. V. , Petrov N. V.
Published: December 2018

Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and the signing of relevant international agreements contributed to the development of regulations on the rights of a child and branching juvenile law in the Russian legal system. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out that processes of legal regulation in the field of the formation of the legislative basis of juvenile law are in some way incomplete, which is the result of the imperfection of the existing legal acts affecting the rights and interests of minors. The issue of the expediency of creating juvenile justice in Russia is being discussed for a long time in the legal papers and at the legislative level. The provision on the formation of juvenile justice was included in the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform in the Russian Federation. Later, different authors worked out several draft Laws on Juvenile Justice. At parliamentary hearings in the State Duma, the prospects of creating juvenile courts in the system of courts of general jurisdiction were considered. Meanwhile, such close attention to the indicated problem does not have a significant impact on the increasing child and adolescent crime in the country. The plurality of the above-mentioned legal problems and their multifaceted nature necessitate improvement of justice in relation to minors. This raises a number of theoretical, legal, practical and ethical issues that require studying and adopting relevant decisions at the legislative level. Therefore, studies that allow analyzing the current Russian criminal procedure legislation from the point of view of the possibility of functioning of juvenile justice on its basis relying on international legal standards are really urgent. The criminal procedure legislation in the Russian Federation as a whole is focused on continuous improvement in the context of ensuring the maximum number of procedural guarantees of the legality of criminal proceedings, as well as observance of human rights with the application of their minimum restrictions, including in relation to such category of persons involved in criminal proceedings as minors. In this article, the authors consider the institution of juvenile justice as an additional guarantee of securing the rights of minors in criminal proceedings in Russia, propose the ways to address current and debatable aspects of this problem. The paper analyzes the current criminal procedural legislation, decisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as the judgements of the courts in specific cases concerning the problems of the study. In the study of individual topics of the issue, scientific literature as well as statistical data have been used. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice, and can also be used in the educational process.
CONSEQUENCES OF BRexIT FOR CONSUMERS AND LEGISLATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS 'RIGHTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Bogdan V. V. , Chernykh E. V. , Khalin R. W.
Published: December 2018

This article considers one of the topical issues of the development of legislation on consumer rights protection in the European Union countries in connection with Great Britain’s withdrawal from EU. European legislation on the protection of consumer rights has a number of features since all participants at the very beginning of the EU’s existence pledged to share responsibility for enacting legislation that protects consumer rights. The authors dwell on the problems of consumer rights protection in the UK, the consolidation of the legislation on consumer rights protection, and the models for building relations between the UK and EU: British membership in the European Economic Area (EEA); relations only within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO); cooperation, built on individual terms. In the study, the authors used analytical and formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction which made it possible to formulate conclusions on the conducted research. The authors come to the conclusion that there are strong relations between the rules of the Institute for the Protection of Consumer Rights of Great Britain and the legislation of the EU, so no major changes are currently expected. The Law "On the Rights of Consumers" not only introduced colossal changes in the national English legislation, but also summarized various aspects of consumer legislation in one legislative act. Such consolidation of consumer law in the UK has proved to be one of the most complex and promising legislative acts within the EU. Currently, it is difficult to predict the consequences of the UK’s exit from the EU for consumers and business, not knowing the scenario of the development of transitional or future relations with the EU. Undoubtedly, the next two years of the transition period will be difficult, since the decisions will be made by 27 EU countries without the participation of Great Britain.
METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES OF SQL-SPECIFIC QUERY OF RELATIONAL DATABASES
Authors: Markovskiy A. S. , Svekolkin N. I.
Published: December 2018

In the context of toughening of the requirements in the field of information security (the conditions of its safety) difficult-to-implement, the increasing number of external destabilizing factors (including the high level of false alarms), the increase of scopes and speed of information changes, and the drawbacks inherent to most databases, the probability of anomalies occurrence in the process of operation (acquisition, processing and storage) of relational databases is high. The article provides detailed description of the method for the construction a formal grammar executed by a SQL query of relational databases. This approach considers formal grammar under study from a mathematical point of view, as a model that defines a set of discrete objects in the form of description of the original objects and the rules for constructing new objects from the original and already created ones. Thus, a system of rules for further work is formed, represented in the form of a system of equations. The described method makes it possible to determine mathematical properties of the similarity invariants of the SQL query of relational databases intended for the collection, storage and analysis of statistical data, such as reference data of the operation of software and hardware, various statistical data about population, .production etc. The results of the testing of the demonstration prototype of the anomaly detection system, implemented on the basis of the proposed method, obtained in the course of the experimental implementation are presented in comparison with some existing and applied security systems. The solution proposed in the article is effective, simple and universal for the majority of currently used relational databases, In addition, it has a low cost of financial expenses in case of practical implementation.
SPECIFICITY OF QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF THE INTERNET IN RELATION TO MINORS
Authors: Sinyaeva M. I. , Moskalenko S. A.
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes the data of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, from which it follows that over the past three years, cases of suicidal behavior of minors have increased dramatically. At the same time, the problem of leading minors to suicide by involving them in so-called death groups has recently become particularly acute. The article analyzes the criminal law characteristics of the changes in the Criminal code of the Russian Federation concerning the establishment of special mechanisms to counteract the activities aimed at encouraging children to suicidal behavior. The explanatory note to the relevant law is considered, in which it is noted that "new types of inducement to commit suicide or to facilitate the Commission of suicide were not previously predicted by science, were not timely evaluated by criminologists and in fact took a wide scale, being outside the criminal law assessment, and therefore outside the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify the organizers of such destructive activities, timely suppression of their actions, as well as protection of victims". After analyzing the sanctions, according to the newly introduced articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, the authors conclude that the Russian legislator does not demonstrate a common approach to the criminal and legal assessment of criminal violence against minors, treating violent crimes against minors to various categories of crimes. It is intended to discuss the question of the uniform categorization of all crimes against minors as grave and especially grave. This is due to the fact that a person under the age of 18, regardless of the type of violence, can already be regarded as helpless because of his age, so any crime against him / her should be considered violent, and depending on the circumstances and type of violence - particularly grave.
ALTERNATIVE TO CRIMINAL PROSECUTION IN FOREIGN LAW
Authors: Alexandrova A. V.
Published: December 2018

In this article, alternative methods of criminal prosecution are considered using the example of foreign countries. The Institute for the Exemption from Prosecution of the person who committed the crime is provided for in foreign legislation in criminal and criminal procedural law. There are many legal institutions serving as alternatives to criminal prosecution. Most of them are called upon to reconcile the conflicting parties - the victim and the perpetrator. Conflict resolution entails the termination of prosecution, which is possible both at the pre-trial stage and after the start of the trial. As a rule, the use of such alternatives is allowed in cases of crimes with a low degree of public danger, and in the event that the consequences of such acts can be eliminated or material damage is compensated. Law enforcers in foreign countries most often refer to the following measures, which are alternatives to criminal prosecution: mediation, payment of a fine, transaction and refusal of criminal prosecution in view of its inexpediency. It seems that there are several options for classifying foreign countries depending on the institutions that are characteristic for them, allowing legitimate avoidance of criminal prosecution. The existence of a variety of alternatives to criminal prosecution, as well as conciliation procedures in the legislation of some countries of Western Europe and the United States are aimed at maintaining a reasonable balance between the punitive potential of criminal law and incentive standards, which is expressed in the ban on the refusal to prosecute certain categories of crimes, including on those where there is a public interest. The application of alternatives to criminal prosecution makes it possible to exclude the consequences of criminal acts outside procedural ways, to find the best means of combating crime, and to facilitate the resocialization of the perpetrators of the crime.
RANGES OF ADMISSIBLE VALUES OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF A WHEELED JUMPING ROBOT
Authors: Vorochaeva L. Yu. , Malchikov А. V. , Savin S. I.
Published: December 2018

The use of robots to perform tasks traditionally assigned to people leads to an improvement in the quality of their implementation, a reduction in the costs and risks associated with them. A typical example of this is the task of monitoring and examining hard-to-reach areas. The introduction of robots to solve such problems could bring a significant economic and social effect, allowing the automation of a number of complex, time-consuming and potentially dangerous tasks, such as the compilation and updating of maps and three-dimensional models of emergency sites, the collection of data on the state of the environment in areas, exposed to biological or radiation contamination, continuous monitoring of the state of the environment and sampling of air and soil. The paper considers one of the possible designs of such robots: a wheeled jumping robot, which consists of an acceleration module for jumping(used to for overcome obstacles), and a wheel platform, which allows the robot to use wheeled locomotion when moving over the surfaces with small irregularities. The advantages of such a combined system include higher maneuverability and higher speeds of movement, as well as a wider functionality in terms of the range of terrains suitable for movement. For this robot, a design scheme has been developed and two critical positions of the device are identified, which allows to formulate conditions that impose limitations on the geometric parameters of the body, the acceleration module and the wheels, and their mutual arrangement, in order to ensure operation of the robot in two modes: wheeled and jumping. The results of modeling are presented in the form of permissible ranges for the length and height of the body, as well as the maximum length of the acceleration module from the radius of the wheels and the location of their installation point, taking into account the capability of the acceleration module to do a complete rotation within the robot’s frame .
INVESTMENTS AND OVERCOMING THE INSTABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Kharlamov A. V. , Avaliani G. V.
Published: December 2018

The instability of the national economy is one of the topical problems studied by modern science, especially important in view of the current state of the Russian economy. The purpose of this study is to justify the possibility of using investment as the most important factor to minimize the consequences of instability in the economy. To achieve this goal, the article identifies the key areas of investment. There are the real sector of the national economy, transport infrastructure and human capital. The substantiation of these directions is correlated with the prospects of deepening the specialization of Russia as a resource-exporting state. At the same time, the task is to modernize domestic production by increasing the efficiency in the extractive industries, while expanding the range of consumers of their products and reducing the environmental burden. It will help to reduce the level of economic instability, and in the future - to go to sustainable economic growth in the interests of all economic entities. The study uses some theoretical and empirical methods, in particular, logical and system analysis, comparison, method of collecting empirical data, study and generalization, description and processing of research results. As a result of the study, it was found that today it is necessary to change the macroeconomic policy on the basis of the significance of investment and innovative projects. The solution of this problem will improve the productivity, as the most important indicator of the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of globalization. The article concludes that investments should be considered as an effective tool for weakening the economic instability and as an essential condition for meeting the growing economic interests of economic entities.
BLOCKCHEEN: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Authors: Radyukova Ya. Yu. , Kolesnichenko E. A. , Epifanova S. O.
Published: December 2018

The technology of blocking has emerged not so long ago, but has already become known due to such advantages as security, reliability and openness. It is believed that the block is most often used in the economy, namely, to work with crypto-currencies. Nevertheless, technology can be useful in various industries. The article is devoted to the review of blockade technology, the study of the basic principles of its operation and the ways of applying the technology in various fields. In the course of the study, the history of the appearance of blocking technology was briefly studied and the concept of technology was defined, which is a multifunctional information system distributed throughout the world designed to account for various assets. An analysis was also made of the main advantages, which include: the absence of intermediaries, the unchanged data, as well as the decentralization and openness of information. Along with the advantages, a number of disadvantages inherent in the technology of blocking are revealed. The paper discusses the prospects for applying technology in the economy and in financial spheres; analysis of the use of blocking technology in accounting, reporting, reconciliation of accounts and in the implementation of operations with objects of value. Particular attention is paid to the use of technology in various spheres of life, not related to the economy. On the basis of the study, perspective directions of technology development in Russia and abroad are determined.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ACTIVITIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION AGENCIES IN THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Boyko N. N. , Stukolova L. S.
Published: December 2018

Article opens a general characteristic of activity of human rights organizations in the system of human rights protection. The role of human rights organizations as important element of development of democracy and respect of the human rights promoting increase in effectiveness of implementation of protection and restoration of the violated rights and freedoms of the person and citizen is traced. The thought that despite expansion of activity of human rights organizations for the last decade in the Russian Federation, they to these do not realize fully tasks which are assigned to them is proved. Result of low knowledge of work of socially oriented non-profit organizations, absence them in "field of vision" of citizens are mistrust to human rights organizations, difficulties with attraction of material resources, narrowing of network of supporters and volunteers, small number of strong and competent leaders and a weak position in the market of services. In this connection, concerning the social directed human rights organizations it is necessary to develop intensively the information environment of the public sector for distribution of results of their activity. Besides, in human rights protection it is necessary for increase in a role of human rights organizations also in a standard order, and in the information environment accurately to draw a distinction between the social directed and political human rights organizations. Authors, analyzing the main problems in activity of human rights organizations, indicate the need development of cooperation of various structures of civil society among themselves that in turn promotes strengthening of human rights organization, the socially important tasks focused on the decision, fight against an arbitrariness of public officials and authorities, tortures in prisons, political persecution, etc. It is obvious that the stable relation of such interaction is the brightest sign of the developed democracy.
ILLEGAL ACTIVITY OF OFFICIALS OF MILITARY MISSIONS: TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT FEATURES AND IDENTIFY
Authors: Kudryavtsev Р. А. , Isaeva L. M.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with general issues related to the organization of the work of the military mission, provides normative documents regulating the activities, analyzes the practice of investigating criminal cases committed by officials of military missions, the consequences of their criminal activities, manifested in material damage, damage to the business reputation of the organization, failure to execute state contracts affecting on the defense capability of the country, as well as the issues of detection and forensic support the most common forms of investigation of crimes: giving and receiving bribes, abuse of authority, embezzlement of money by fraudulent means, examples of specific criminal cases investigated by military investigative authorities. The cases described in the article were selected taking into account the specific features of the preliminary investigation of the above crimes. Thus, in one criminal case, operational support was provided, interaction with security forces in the troops was organized, on the other - collection and consolidation of evidence was carried out independently by the investigative body. There is a certain interest in tactical methods used in the conduct of investigative actions, organizational issues and the criminalistic aspect of the preparation of investigative actions and operational activities, the procedure for the appointment and production of forensic examinations of objects submitted for investigation. According to the list of evidence given in the article, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the nature and amount of information to be examined in court sessions, and then put in the basis of sentences passed in criminal cases, and subsequently used in the planning and investigation of criminal cases of similar crimes
PLANNING OF REPAIR CONSTRUCTION WORKS IN THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE
Authors: Emelyanov D. I. , Ponyavina N. A. , Chesnokova E. A. , Bredikhina N. V.
Published: December 2018

The process of the housing stock aging is constant and continuous. Untimely repair of housing significantly increases the risk of accidents. The purpose of the management companies is to carry out a complex of repair works of apartment buildings according to the current quality requirements for the entire period of operation. The real estate, enterprises, organizations owners engaged in the operation and maintenance of housing, are extremely interested to increase the duration of the effective operation period for buildings and structures basing on the system of maintenance and repair of buildings. This system is equally important for each period of the life cycle of the property. In the field of housing and communal services, despite the ongoing reforms, the problem of timely financing of repair works aimed at ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions in accordance with the existing quality standards is acute. In this regard, the development of an effective system of housing maintenance is a priority. The current state and the main prospects of development of maintenance and maintenance of the housing stock during the planning and repair work in apartment buildings are considered. The proposed multilevel structure of the maintenance system and the methodology of evaluation of technical condition of residential properties taking into account the individual characteristics of the object. The method of planning of repair and construction works taking into account organizational and technological reliability is developed. The technique presented in the article allows to improve the quality of management decisions, which in turn ensure compliance with comfortable and safe living conditions and efficient use of financial resources.
INCREASE IN EFFICIENCY OF DECODING OF CODES OF READ-SOLOMON ON THE GENERALIZED MINIMUM DISTANCE
Authors: Yegorov S. I. , Borzov D. B. , Degtyarev S. V. , Dreizin V. A. , Mikhailov I. B.
Published: December 2018

In the modern systems of transfer and storage of information for correction of the arising mistakes noiseproof codes of Read-Solomon widely are used. With use of soft decisions apply decoding of these codes on the generalized minimum distance which advantage is simplicity of realization to correction of mistakes. In work the algorithm of decoding of codes of Read-Solomon on the generalized minimum distance which feature is use of the algebraic decoder correcting errors abroad a half of the minimum code distance with use of soft decisions is offered. The algebraic decoder realizes syndromic decoding and is based on application of analytical continuation of an algorithm of Berlekempa-Messi for 2τ iterations (τ-number of in addition corrected wrong symbols). He provides search of positions of tC+τ of wrong symbols in a code word (tC - number of the wrong symbols which are guaranteed corrected by a code) which locators would be the return to roots of a possible polynom of locators of errors of degree tC + τ. Search of positions of mistakes is carried out in ascending order of nadezhnost of symbols of the accepted code word. The efficiency of correction of mistakes was investigated by the offered algorithm in the channel with additive white Gaussian noise by imitating modeling on the COMPUTER. Researches were conducted for Read-Solomon's codes defined over the field of GF(28). The additional code prize provided with an algorithm at correction on iteration of three additional mistakes in relation to Read-Solomon (255,239,17) code reaches 0,26 dB. The additional code prize for Read-Solomon (255,127,129) code at correction on iteration of two additional mistakes has made about 0,1 dB. The additional code prize for Read-Solomon (255,41,215) code at correction on iteration of three additional mistakes has made about 0,17 dB.