bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pulsed Bubble‐Driven Efficient Liquid‐Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Tao , Cui Xue , Ye Ziyi , Li Xuedi , Liu Yanhua , Luo Bin , Zhang Song , Chi Mingchao , Wang Jinlong , Cai Chenchen , Bai Yayu , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: November 2024

Harnessing energy from underwater bubbles has garnered significant attention, particularly for powering off‐grid circuitry. However, the efficiency of bubble‐driven liquid‐solid interface charge transfer remains low. This research unveils a phenomenon: accelerated bubble slippage enhances liquid‐solid interfacial charge transfer. Building upon this discovery, a pulse bubble‐based power generation technique is proposed, achieving an energy density of 24.2 mJ L−1 generated by pulsed bubbles. The crux of pulse bubble power generation lies in the precise control of impact velocity. By meticulously regulating the impact kinetic energy of bubbles, the accumulated potential energy of multiple small bubbles is converted into instantaneous pulse kinetic energy. A typical pulse bubble is controlled within a 72 ms timeframe, unleashing a surge of energy that can directly illuminate 400 light‐emitting diodes. This approach represents a groundbreaking advancement in underwater energy harvesting technology, dramatically expanding its potential applications.
Enhancing High‐Voltage LNMO Cathode Performance in Li‐Metal Batteries Via Anionic Electrolyte Additive‐Integrated CEI Engineering
Authors: Ahuja Aakash , Kumar Ajit , Alam Khorsed , Lohani Harshita , Sengupta Abhinanda , Kumari Pratima , Thapliyal Kritika , Major Dan T. , Mitra Sagar
Published: November 2024

An anionic‐additive electrolyte system is introduced by incorporating Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) into a conventional base electrolyte for high‐voltage LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ (LNMO) cathodes in lithium‐metal batteries. At high voltages, the sacrificial oxidation of LiBF4 mitigates electrolyte degradation and forms a robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) enriched with boron and fluorine‐based components, which protects against active material corrosion. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies reveal that BF₄⁻ is more readily oxidized, while MD simulations validate the CEI's inorganic composition. Initial cycling with a specialized charge‐discharge protocol ensures optimal use of the additive, resulting in a uniform, thin (4–6 nm) CEI on the LNMO cathode. The CEI formed in anionic‐additive electrolyte system effectively suppresses transition metal dissolution and surface degradation, enhancing long‐term cycling performance. The LiBF4‐enhanced electrolyte also lowers overpotential and promotes more uniform Li deposition compared to the base electrolyte. At a 1 C‐rate, the LNMO cathode with a Li metal anode and optimized electrolyte achieves a discharge capacity of 115 mA h g⁻¹ and an energy density of 540 Wh kg⁻¹ over 500 cycles. These findings underscore LiBF4’s dual role in protecting LNMO cathodes and Li metal anodes, highlighting the critical role of additives in CEI development for advanced lithium‐metal batteries.
Concurrent Regulation of Surface Topography and Interfacial Physicochemistry via Trace Chelation Acid Additives toward Durable Zn Anodes
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Haoxiang , Su Yiwen , Zou Yuhan , Guo Wenyi , Qiao Changpeng , Zheng Guangping , Li Qilu , Xu Lai , Sun Jingyu
Published: November 2024

Electrolyte additive engineering is a feasible protocol in improving Zn anode stability. Typical additive designs center on the regulation of Zn deposition; nevertheless, versatile additives are urgently requested to comprehensively manage the surface landscape, interface physicochemistry, and by‐product elimination. Here, a straightforward strategy is presented to meet such needs employing an environmentally‐friendly chelator, hydroxyethyl‐ethylenediaminetriacetate acid (HEDTA), as an additive for ZnSO4 electrolyte. Throughout theoretical computations and experimental investigations, it is demonstrated that protons released from the gradual ionization of HEDTA during rest periods aid in the mild engraving of the Zn surface. Both the amino and carboxyl groups of HEDTA⁻ can be protonated, which effectively buffers the interfacial pH value in the entire battery lifespan and eliminates the formation of by‐products. The HEDTA− anions can also adsorb onto the Zn surface, helping facilitate Zn2⁺ mass transfer and accelerate the desolvation process. Benefiting from the synchronous modulation of surface topography and interfacial physicochemistry, the assembled half cells affording HEDTA additive maintain a durable operation of up to 8821 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. Additionally, symmetric cells manifest stable cycling for over 4600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2.
Human Tendon‐on‐a‐Chip for Modeling the Myofibroblast Microenvironment in Peritendinous Fibrosis
Authors: Ajalik Raquel E. , Linares Isabelle , Alenchery Rahul G. , Zhang Victor Z. , Wright Terry W. , Miller Benjamin L. , McGrath James L. , Awad Hani A.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the myofibroblast microenvironment is critical to developing therapies for fibrotic diseases. Here the development of a novel human tendon‐on‐a‐chip (hToC) is reported to model this crosstalk in peritendinous adhesions, which currently lacks biological therapies. The hToC facilitates cellular and paracrine interactions between a vascular component, which contains endothelial cells and monocytes, and a tissue hydrogel component that houses tendon cells and macrophages. It is found that the hToC replicates some aspects of in vivo inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes in preclinical and clinical samples, including activated mTOR signaling, vascular inflammation, tissue contraction induced by myofibroblast activation, inflammatory cytokines secretion, and transendothelial migration of monocytes to the tissue hydrogel. Transcriptional analysis demonstrates significant overlap in enriched pathways in the hToC with human tenolysis samples, including the activation of mTOR signaling. Rapamycin suppresses the vascular inflammation and fibrotic phenotype in the hToC, which provides proof‐of‐concept of its utility as an in vitro tool for investigating multicellular crosstalk in fibrosis and testing therapeutics to mitigate it.
Framework Nucleic Acid‐Based Selective Cell Catcher for Endogenous Stem Cell Recruitment
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Xu Ziang , Gao Yang , Chen Ye , Yin Wumeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Cui Weitong , Li Yong , Sun Jiafei , Yang Yuting , Ma Wenjuan , Zhang Tao , Tian Taoran , Lin Yunfeng
Published: November 2024

Cell‐surface engineering holds great promise in boosting endogenous stem cell attraction for tissue regeneration. However, challenges such as cellular internalization of ligand and the dynamic nature of cell membranes often complicate ligand–receptor interactions. The aim of this study is to harness the innovative potential of programmable tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) to enable precise, tunable ligand–receptor interactions, thereby improving stem cell recruitment efficiency. This approach involves experimental screening and theoretical analysis using dissipative particle dynamics. The results demonstrate that altering the flexibility and topology of ligands on tFNA changes their cellular internalization and membrane binding efficiency. Furthermore, optimizing the distribution of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐binding aptamer 19S (Apt19S) on the tFNA enhances the stem cell capture efficiency. Following successful in vitro MSC capture, Apt19S‐modified tFNA is chemically linked to a hyaluronic acid hydrogel, forming an efficient “stem cell catcher” system. Subsequent in vivo experiments demonstrate that this system effectively promotes early stem cell recruitment and accelerates bone regeneration in different bone healing scenarios, including cranial and maxillary defects.
Synergistic Catalytic Sites in High‐Entropy Metal Hydroxide Organic Framework for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Roy Arkendu , Kumar Sourabh , Guilherme Buzanich Ana , Prinz Carsten , Götz Emilia , Retzmann Anika , Hickel Tilmann , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Emmerling Franziska
Published: November 2024

The integration of multiple elements in a high‐entropy state is crucial in the design of high‐performance, durable electrocatalysts. High‐entropy metal hydroxide organic frameworks (HE‐MHOFs) are synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions. This novel crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) features a random, homogeneous distribution of cations within high‐entropy hydroxide layers. HE‐MHOF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reaching a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at ≈1.64 VRHE, and demonstrates remarkable durability, maintaining a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for over 100 h. Notably, HE‐MHOF outperforms precious metal‐based electrocatalysts despite containing only ≈60% OER active metals. Ab initio calculations and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) demonstrate that the high‐entropy catalyst contains active sites that facilitate a multifaceted OER mechanism. This study highlights the benefits of high‐entropy MOFs in developing noble metal‐free electrocatalysts, reducing reliance on precious metals, lowering metal loading (especially for Ni, Co, and Mn), and ultimately reducing costs for sustainable water electrolysis technologies.
Flexible Meta‐Tape with Wide Gamut, Low Lightness and Low Infrared Emissivity for Visible‐Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Lin Zhenhui , Wu Qile , Liu Xuqi , Ma Haiyang , Liu Hui , Zhou Lin , Zhu Jia
Published: November 2024

Full‐spectral optical camouflage is of broad interest and in urgent demand because of everlasting safety pursuit in modern society. However, the widely existing dim scenarios call for not only broadband low thermal detectivity but also wide‐gamut camouflaging colors with both low lightness and minimal chromatism. Here, a tape‐like metamaterial (meta‐tape) with broad spectral manipulation bandwidth from visible to mid‐infrared is demonstrated. The ultrathin meta‐tapes can exhibit different colors with wide gamut and low lightness from 20 to 40, enabling low color difference under various backgrounds down to 1.2 L*a*b*. The infrared emissivity is simultaneously suppressed down to 3.8% across 3 – 14 µm. The outstanding optical performances are well preserved under various mechanical and thermal stability tests. The pronounced multispectral camouflage, combined with flexible and robust tape‐like nature, makes the meta‐tape a promising solution for VIS‐IR compatible camouflage in diverse scenarios.
Unveiling the Cation Dependence in Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution by Differently‐Charged Ruthenium/Molybdenum Sulfide Hybrids
Authors: Wang Shaoyan , Jiang Tao , Hao Yaming , Wu Jianxiang , Lei Can , Chen Zhe , Du Wei , Gong Ming
Published: November 2024

The sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via water reduction limits the efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis. The HER kinetics is not only intimately related to the catalyst surface structure but also relevant to the cation identity of the electrolyte. The cation dependence also relies on the surface electronic structure and applied potential, but this interrelated effect and its underlying mechanism awaits elucidation. Herein, differently‐charged molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) cluster supports ([Mo3S13]2− and [Mo3S7]4+) are utilized to hybridize with the identical metallic Ru centers. The specific electrostatic interaction between MoSx clusters and Ru precursors induces different Ru valences of the hybrids, with a higher valence state for Ru/Mo3S13 endowing a higher activity. The Ru/Mo3S13 and Ru/Mo3S7 exhibited drastically‐different cation dependence, in which the charged support determines the local accumulation of cations and resulting water structures. The more negatively‐charged Mo3S13 support induces the facile accumulation of cations, especially for less‐hydrated K+ cations. The water activation capability by Ru valences and cation accumulation from the support effect in‐together determine the cation‐dependent alkaline HER activity. This work not only enriches the understanding about the cation‐dependent HER mechanism but also shines a light on the rational optimization strategy of electrode/electrolyte interfaces.
Plasticizer Design Principle of “Like Dissolves Like”: Semiconductor Fluid Plasticized Stretchable Fully π‐Conjugated Polymers Films for Uniform Large‐Area and Flexible Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ma Jingyao , Xu Man , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wang Kuande , Li Qianyi , Li Hao , Feng Quanyou , Chen Wenyu , Yu Ningning , Li Mengyuan , Xie Linghai , Lin Jinyi
Published: November 2024

Physical blending of fully π‐conjugated polymers (FπCPs) is an effective strategy to achieve intrinsically stretchable films for the fabrication of flexible optoelectronic devices, but easily causes phase separation, nonuniform morphology and uncontrollable photo‐electronic processing. This may cause low efficiency, unstable and nonuniform emission, and poor color purity, which are undesirable for deep‐blue flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (FPLEDs). Herein, a “Like Dissolves Like” design principle to prepare semiconductor fluid plasticizers (SFPs) is established and intrinsically stretchable FπCPs films via external plasticization for high‐performance deep‐blue FPLEDs are developed. Three fundamental requirements are proposed, “similar conjugated skeleton, similar molecular polarity, and similar electronic structures,” to prepare model‐matched nonpolar M1 and polar M2 plasticizers for poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO). Large‐area plasticized PFO films exhibit an efficient, narrowband, and stable ultra‐deep‐blue electroluminescence (FWHM < 40 nm, CIE: 0.12, 0.04), uniform morphology, and excellent intrinsic stretchability (fracture strain >20% and crack‐onset strain >120%). Efficient and uniform deep‐blue FPLEDs based on stretchable PFO films are fabricated with a high brightness of ≈3000 cd cm−2. Finally, blended PFO films exhibit outstanding stretch‐deformation cycling stability of their deep‐blue electroluminescent behavior, confirming the effectiveness of the “Like Dissolves Like” principle to design matched SFPs for stretchable FπCP films in flexible electronics.
Eco‐Friendly High‐Performance Symmetric All‐COF/Graphene Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yi Pengshu , Li Zhiheng , Ma Longli , Feng Bingjian , Liu Zhu , Liu Yongshuai , Lu Wenyi , Cao Shaochong , Fang Huayi , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: November 2024

Developing high‐performance aqueous symmetric all‐organic batteries (SAOBs) by replacing metal‐based batteries or batteries with organic electrolytes is highly attractive to achieve a greener rechargeable world. However, such a new energy storage system still exhibits unsatisfactory rate capability and cycling stability due to the limitations in electrode materials screening. Here, a novel covalent organic framework (COF) containing abundant CN and CO for the electrode material is designed, which is combined with graphene and assembled into all‐COF/graphene batteries for the first time. Moreover, the co‐storage of Zn2+ and H+ in COF can be achieved in a mild aqueous electrolyte. Impressively, benefiting from the extended porous structure of COF, plentiful active reaction sites, more extensive electron delocalization from CO modification at molecular level, as well as enhanced fast H+ storage capacity of graphene and CO in COF, this kind of SAOBs show excellent cycle life and high rate performance (over 15000 cycles with a capacity of 80 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1 in pouch cell). This work will open a new window for the design of high‐performance aqueous organic batteries, further moving toward a more eco‐friendly electrochemical world.
Development and Evaluation of User‐Friendly Modeled Approach for Sustainable Polymer Membranes for Advanced Hemodialysis
Authors: Khan Ahmed , Jahan Zaib , Ahsan Muhammad , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan , Khan Muhammad Nouman Aslam , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M. , Sher Farooq
Published: November 2024

Hemodialysis is crucial for patients with end‐stage renal disease, yet evaluating its operating parameters often requires complex mathematical models. To simplify this process, user‐friendly modules have been developed to accurately assess key parameters with minimal inputs, enabling users to track disease prognosis. These modules incorporate governing equations and allow straightforward analysis. Validation against experimental data from polymer membrane studies demonstrated that at a blood flow rate of 300 mL min−1, the model predicted a clearance of 262 mL min−1, showing 7% difference from the actual value of 281 mL min−1. At a dialysate flow of 400 mL min−1, the model's predicted clearance was 286.47 mL min−1, with only a 1% difference compared to previous model. The module also showed 40% higher clearance in counter‐current flow compared to co‐current, with a 47% difference at 400 mL min−1 dialysate flow. Increasing the hollow fibre length from 27 to 50 cm led to a 4% clearance increase. Additionally, increasing residual renal clearance by 0.5 mL min−1 doubled the standard Kt V−1 Kt/V, and similar effects were seen by increasing weekly hemodialysis sessions. The app allows simulations, plots, and comparisons with minimal inputs and can be integrated into MATLAB or other platforms, benefiting both patients and researchers in prognosis and treatment analysis.
Amorphous Doped Indium Tin Oxide Thin‐Films by Atomic Layer Deposition.Insights into Their Structural, Electronic and Device Reliability
Authors: Büschges M. Isabelle , Trouillet Vanessa , Dippel Ann‐Christin , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: November 2024

Thin semiconducting films of magnesium doped indium‐ and tin oxide are prepared by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). The metal oxide films are deposited at 200 °C from the precursors trimethylindium, tetrakis(dimethylamido)tin, bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and water as oxidant. These thin‐films are observed to be amorphous by electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. However, they exhibited a near‐range atomic order with correlation lengths of up to 10 Å, as demonstrated by high energy total scattering at grazing incidence employing synchrotron radiation. Even minor alterations in composition reveal a significant impact on the thin‐film transistor (TFT) device parameters, due to magnesium's high oxygen binding capability and its ability to inhibit the formation of oxygen vacancies, resulting in a decrease of free charge carriers in the material. Stability tests indicate a device degradation after storage in ambient conditions due to water adsorption on the surface, which could be reversed by an additional annealing step which qualify the films as robust. This studie demonstrate the possibility of employing minor amounts of high band gap oxides such as MgO to manipulate and control the electric behavior of the active channel layer performance in inorganic TFT devices.
Unlocking the In Situ Reconstruction of Bi/Bi2O2CO3 Electrocatalyst Toward Efficiently Converting CO2 into Formate
Authors: Yang Jiatai , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Shengnan , Liu Kang , Zhao Jingwen , Zhang Lixue , Guo Shaojun
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical reducing CO2 into formic acid has been demonstrated to be an economically viable pathway to relieve the greenhouse effect and obtain value‐added chemical feedstocks. Herein, Bi/Bi2O2CO3 is developed via the combination of sulfur‐assisted disassembly and an in situ reconstruction process. Profiting from the enlarged surface area and the generation of the high active heterointerface between metallic Bi and Bi2O2CO3, the as‐obtained Bi/Bi2O2CO3 exhibits high performance toward converting CO2 molecules into formate (HCOO−), attaining the HCOO− Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO‐) over 97% in the current density range from 200 to 1000 mA cm−2 in both alkaline (1 m KOH) and near neutral (0.5 m KHCO3) electrolytes, along with excellent stability. In situ spectroscopic data unraveled the reconstruction process from Bi2S3/Bi2O2CO3 to Bi/Bi2O2CO3 and corroborated that the conversion of CO2 into formate is through the *OCHO intermediate, deepening the insights into the understanding of the Bi‐based electrocatalyst reconstruction and CO2RR mechanism.
Recent Therapeutic Advancements for Gaucher Disease
Authors: Pradhan Lipi , Manna Sumit , Pragya Pragya , Mukherjee Sudip
Published: November 2024

Gaucher Disease (GD) is a well‐known lysosomal storage disease resulting from mutations in the GBA1 gene. GD exhibits a range of clinical manifestations, each with unique symptoms and severity levels. This review explores the genetic foundations of GD, highlighting the significance of Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) deficiency, resulting in the skeletal complications associated with GD, such as osteonecrosis, fractures, and bone pain, all of which significantly negatively influence the quality of life for patients. Over 700 mutations in the GBA1 gene are found to cause variations in gene expression in GD, indicating the disease's complexity and the need for continued research. Early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation depend heavily on diagnostic approaches integrating laboratory assessments, genetic testing, and clinical symptoms. Treatment strategies like enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) have advanced, but issues like high costs and invasiveness still exist. This review focuses on novel therapeutic approaches that show promise in treating GD, including gene and cell‐based therapies, pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), and drug delivery via nanoparticles. Finally, discussions on current clinical trials, limitations of the advanced therapies, and future scope are summarized.
BRD4 Degradation Enhanced Glioma Sensitivity to Temozolomide by Regulating Notch1 via Glu‐Modified GSH‐Responsive Nanoparticles
Authors: Yi Linbin , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhou Wenjie , Zhang Yunchu , Hu Yuzhu , Guo Anjie , Cheng Yongzhong , Qian Zhiyong , Zhou Peizhi , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2024

Temozolomide (TMZ) serves as the principal chemotherapeutic agent for glioma; nonetheless, its therapeutic efficacy is compromised by the rapid emergence of drug resistance, the inadequate targeting of glioma cells, and significant systemic toxicity. ARV‐825 may play a role in modulating drug resistance by degrading the BRD4 protein, thereby exerting anti‐glioma effects. Therefore, to surmount TMZ resistance and achieve efficient and specific drug delivery, a dual‐targeted glutathione (GSH)‐responsive nanoparticle system (T+A@Glu‐NP) is designed and synthesized for the co‐delivery of ARV‐825 and TMZ. As anticipated, T+A@Glu‐NPs significantly enhanced penetration of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), facilitated drug uptake by glioma cells, and exhibited efficient accumulation in brain tissue. Additionally, T+A@Glu‐NPs exhibited augmented efficacy against glioma both in vitro and in vivo through the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, mechanistic exploration revealed that T+A@Glu‐NPs degraded the BRD4 protein, leading to the downregulation of Notch1 gene transcription and the inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of glioma chemotherapy. Taken together, the findings suggest that T+A@Glu‐NPs represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for glioma chemotherapy.
High Power Density Micro Thermoelectric Generators for Powering IoTs
Authors: Dutt Aditya S. , Pulumati Nithin B , Deng Kangfa , Wagner Jens , Brönner Andreas , Ellinger Frank , Schierning Gabi , Nielsch Kornelius , Reith Heiko
Published: November 2024

Micro thermoelectric generators (µTEGs) can harvest waste heat to generate electricity, making them a potential solution to the growing problem of powering autonomous electronics, such as sensors for the Internet of Things. Until now, µTEGs have not been able to provide power for these applications. This is because the output power of µTEGs is limited due to insufficient contacts and poor thermal coupling between the device and the heat source. In this work, the contact resistance as well as the thermal coupling between the heat source and the device through process optimization are improved. The former by improved electrochemical deposition (ECD) conditions, the latter by introducing a thin solder adhesion layer, which smooths the uneven surface of µTEG due to its good wetting properties. Using these improvements in combination with optimized packing density, here the fabrication and characterization of a µTEG with 126 leg pairs connected in series are reported that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 339.2 mV at a temperature difference of 20.6 K and a record‐high normalized power density of 25.1 µW cm−2 K−2 for ECD based µTEGs. This µTEG is used to power a temperature sensor, bringing this work one step closer to application.
Hollow Microsphere Structure and Spin‐Polarized Surface Capacitance Endow Ultrafine Fe7S8 Nanocrystals with Excellent Fast‐Charging Capability in Wide‐Temperature‐Range Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Meisheng , Zheng Kunxiong , Liu Jie , Zou Zhiyu , Mu Yongbiao , Hu Hengyuan , Yu Fenghua , Li Wenjia , Wei Lei , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou
Published: November 2024

Fe7S8 as a conversion‐type anode shows high capacity in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the sluggish ion transport rate, low electron conduction behavior, and large volume change upon cycling limit its applications in fast‐charging wide‐temperature‐range LIBs. Here, a simple hydrothermal and subsequent solid‐phase high‐pressure sulfidation route is proposed to synthesize a hollow Fe7S8/N‐doped C microsphere structure. The hollow space is enveloped by the spheres’ shell consisting of ultrafine Fe7S8 nanocrystals (≈8 nm) embedded into N‐doped C matrix, which enhances ion transport and electrical conduction, and accommodates the volume expansion of Fe7S8. Remarkably, in situ magnetometry reveals that spin‐polarized surface capacitance occurs during the stage of conversion reaction, in which the formed Fe and Li2S act as electrons and ions acceptor, respectively, to construct space charge zone at their interfaces, thus enhancing lithium transport and storage. Accordingly, the hollow microspheres show high gravimetric energy density and outstanding fast‐charging capability along with excellent cycling stability in Ah‐level pouch cells operating from ‐40 to 60 °C. For the first time, this work confirms the effectiveness of spin‐polarized surface capacitance effect on enhancing ion storage and transport in fast‐charging wide‐temperature‐range LIBs.
The Investigation of Fe─F Bond Chemistry on Structural Stability for Highly Durable Layered Na2FePO4F Cathode
Authors: He Liang , Ge Xiaochen , Wang Xu , Fang Jing , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian
Published: November 2024

Layered iron (Fe) ‐based fluorophosphates, Na2FePO4F (NFPF) stands for a cost‐effective and voltage‐advantageous cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the lack of stability imposes constraints on its development and the decay mechanism remains shrouded in ambiguity. Herein, this work proposes the breakup of Fe─F bond in octahedral dimer accountable for the dissolution of redox centers and the formation of electrochemically inert phase, ultimately leading to the deterioration of electrochemical stability. To verify and address this, Boron (B) atoms situated in interstitial positions of PO4 tetrahedra appearing trigonal BO3 can be specifically targeted to enhance bond covalency and tailor electronic rearrangements at Fe─F bonds, thus stabilizing the octahedral dimer structure. This also facilitates rapid Na+ diffusion dynamics and accelerated electronic conductivity. As expected, NFPF‐B exhibits an ultra‐high discharge specific capacity (118.34 mAh g−1 at 0.1C) and excellent long‐term durability (capacity retention of 91.9% after 1000 cycles). The stability of the octahedra dimer is underscored by minimal volume change (2.9%) within the two‐stage biphase reaction of sodium storage mechanism. This work elucidates the enduring degradation mechanism of NFPF from octahedral dimers and offer theoretical guidance for Fe‐based cathode materials with prolonged stability.
Technical note: Effects of chemical, radiational, and thermal treatment of bone tissue on material stiffness and anisotropy
Authors: Polvadore Taylor A. , Calhoun Grace V. , Daegling David J.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We evaluated the effects of four treatments for pathogen inactivation in bone tissue (ethanol storage, formalin fixation, gamma irradiation, and heat treatment via autoclave) on stiffness and anisotropy values in bone samples.

Materials and Methods

Cortical bone samples from the humerus of 14 bovine specimens were subjected to Knoop microindentation analysis in longitudinal and transverse planes of section and four indenter orientations within each section. From each specimen, individual samples were assigned to one of five treatment conditions: 50% ethanol‐saline solution, formalin immersion, gamma irradiation, autoclave, and buffered saline (controls). Each sample was microindented 100 times and the resultant stiffness data were analyzed by a resampled factorial analysis of variance.

Results

First‐ and second‐order interactions as well as main effects of indenter orientation, treatment, and specimen were significant for both transverse and longitudinal sections, with the sole exception that indenter orientation‐treatment interaction was nonsignificant for longitudinal sections. Interaction plots reveal that thermal (autoclave) and irradiation treatments depress stiffness values the most, while patterns of indentation stiffness at different orientations are relatively unaffected.

Discussion

Patterns of anisotropy are relatively unaffected by preservative treatments, but elastic modulus changes are consistent and unambiguous. Formalin and ethanol treatments are most comparable to controls and represent the best preservative media for mechanical testing. These options, however, are likely to be the least effective for ensuring the inactivation or sterilization of potentially contaminated samples.
T‐förmige 14 Elektronen‐Rhodiumkomplexe: Potentiell aktive Spezies in CH‐Aktivierungen
Authors: Paschai Darian Leon K. , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H.
Published: November 2024

Zwei T‐förmige 14‐Elektronen‐Rhodiumkomplexe, 2 a und 2 b, wurden durch PNP‐Pincer Liganden „eingerahmt“ und somit stabilisiert. Der Bis(t‐butyl)phosphin‐PNP‐Komplex 2 a wurde als stabilerer cyclometallierter Rh(III)‐hydrido‐Komplex aus Pentan isoliert, welcher sich im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht mit dem T‐förmigen 14e− Rh(I)‐Komplex 2aT befindet, der selbst, bei Änderung des Lösungsmittels, direkt kristallisiert werden konnte. Die Cyclometallierung wird durch Verwendung des Adamantyl‐substituierten PNPAd‐Liganden unterdrückt, und die analoge T‐förmige Rh(I)‐Spezies 2 b erhalten, die durch eine agostische Wechselwirkung mit einem der Adamantyl‐C−Hs stabilisiert wird. Abhängig vom Lösungsmittel reagierte Komplex 2 a mit Ethylen entweder durch π‐Koordination (4 a) oder C−H‐Aktivierung, unter Bildung einer Hydrido‐Vinyl‐Rh(III)‐Spezies 4 b, wobei sich beide Isomere in Lösung im Gleichgewicht befinden. Komplex 2 b reagiert unter reversibler C−H Aktivierung mit Aromaten, wobei Hydrido‐Aryl‐Rh(III)‐Komplexe gebildet werden.
T‐shaped 14 Electron Rhodium Complexes: Potential Active Species in C−H Activation
Authors: Paschai Darian Leon K. , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H.
Published: November 2024

Two T‐shaped 14‐electron rhodium complexes 2 a and 2 b, “framed” and thus stabilized by PNP pincer ligands have been synthesized. The bis(t‐butyl)phosphine derived PNPtBu‐rhodium complex 2 a was isolated from pentane as the more stable cyclometalated Rh(III) hydrido complex and found to be in equilibrium with the T‐shaped 14e− Rh(I) complex 2 aT which itself could be directly crystallized upon change of the solvent. The cyclometallation is suppressed using an adamantyl substituted PNPAd ligand to give the analogous T‐shaped Rh(I) species 2 b, stabilized through an agostic interaction with one of the adamantyl C−Hs. Depending on the solvent, complex 2 a reacted with ethylene either by π‐coordination (4 a) or C−H activation giving a hydrido‐vinyl Rh(III) species 4 b, both isomers being in equilibrium in solution. Complex 2 b was found to reversibly C−H activate arenes to form the hydrido‐aryl Rh(III) complexes.
Sustainable Design and Revolutionary Synthesis of Highly Recyclable Sulfonic Acid–Based Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Solid Acid for Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazole and Bis Indole Methane Derivatives
Authors: Alka  , Patel Upendra Kumar , Agarwal Alka
Published: November 2024

Concerning the objectives of green chemistry, silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles provide a new way to implement an efficient and effective system for assisting catalyst recovery across multiple organic reactions. With Fe3O4 spheres serving as the core shell, the synthesis of sulfonic acid‐functionalized silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles is presented in this paper. FTIR, PXRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, XPS, and VSM techniques were used to assess the prepared catalyst. The proposed nanocatalyst was employed to produce biological relevance 2‐substituted benzimidazole and bis indole methane derivatives. High yield, quick reaction time, soothing reaction conditions, extended functional group tolerance, and an accessible workup approach are the main advantages of synthesized nanoparticles. Furthermore, the present nanocatalyst may be recovered using an external magnet and retaining its effectiveness for up to six cycles. These are distinctive functions of the present approach.
A New Hetero‐Bimetallic [Fe(III)‐Mn(I)] Complex as a Dual Modality, Theranostic Tool for Photoactivated Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Panwar Abhishek , Upadhyay Aarti , Mukherjee Moubani , Chanu Phamdom Romabai , Roy Mithun
Published: November 2024

We developed a novel hetero‐bimetallic Fe(III)‐Mn(I) complex by combining hydroxyl radicals generating Fe(III)‐Phenolato/Carboxylato and CO‐releasing Mn(I)(CO)3 complexes to achieve a dual‐modality theranostic tool for photoactivated anticancer therapy. Fe(III)‐Phenolato/Carboxylato and Mn(I)(CO)3 complexes were conjugated through the amide coupling to synthesize the bimetallic Fe(III)‐Mn(I) complex ([Fe‐Mn]) and characterized analytically and spectroscopically. Various photophysical assays have confirmed the production of hydroxyl radicals and the release of CO when the biologically benign [Fe‐Mn] complex is activated by visible light (400–700 nm), resulting in a significant increase in luminescence intensity. The cytotoxic potential of the complex, [Fe‐Mn] resulted from the photoactivated enrichment of ROS and CO in the A549 cells with the photoindex of ~35 leaving HPL1D cells unaffected. We probed the caspase 3/7‐dependent apoptosis and the theranostic potential of the complex, [Fe‐Mn] on photoactivation in vitro. The hetero‐bimetallic Fe(III)‐Mn(I) complex ([Fe‐Mn]) provides an ideal example of a dual‐modality next‐generation theranostic tool for photoactivated anticancer therapy.
Highly Active and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic Lactide Over HTGCP Catalysts
Authors: Mi Ansheng , Li Zhongwei , Wu Mengjie , Duan Wensheng , Qiao Congde , Yao Jinshui , Liu Qinze
Published: November 2024

Despite the extraordinary success has been achieved in metal catalyst‐promoted stereoselective ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide (rac‐LA), well‐controlled stereoselective rac‐LA ROP by organic catalyst still remains a scientific challenge. In this study, we showcase the remarkable ability of the phosphazene base 2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexa(tetramethyl‐guanidyl)‐1,3,5,2λ5,4λ5,6λ5‐cyclictri(phosphazene) (HTGCP) to facilitate the stereoselective ROP of rac‐LA at low temperatures, yielding isotactic stereoblock poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with a stereoselectivity index (P
m) up to 0.86. Furthermore, by harnessing the synergy between HTGCP and a (thio)urea, both high stereoselectivity (P
m up to 0.85) and remarkable catalytic activity (> 99% monomer conversion within an hour) can be achieved at ambient temperature. Notably, upon decreasing the temperature to −20°C, an even higher degree of regularity is attained (P
m up to 0.91). The direct linear correlation between molecular weights (M
n), monomer conversions, and the narrow dispersity (Đ) of the resulting polymers, coupled with their high end‐group fidelity, underscores the meticulous control exerted over the polymerization. Based on these findings, we propose that the chain end control mechanism underlies the synthesis of isotactic stereoblock PLA from rac‐LA in the presence of HTGCP, offering a novel and efficient pathway to produce high‐performance PLA materials.
Study on the Properties and Mechanism of m‐FACs/f‐Fe3O4/Epoxy Wear‐Resistant Magnetic Coating
Authors: Dai Ting , Chen Ping , Wang Gaoyu , Yang Weixu , Wang Chenggang , Xuan Lijian , Zhang Lu
Published: November 2024

In view of the wear problem of key parts of magnetic fluid seal device, epoxy resin (EP) composite coatings reinforced with Fe3O4 and fly ash cenospheres (FACs) were fabricated successfully. The structural and morphological features of the fillers and the composite coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. CFT‐I material surface performance comprehensive tester was used to investigate the tribological behaviors of the as‐prepared composite coatings. Vibrating sample magnetometer was used to investigate the coatings' magnetic property. The formation mechanism of the composite coating was analyzed by the infrared spectrum results combined with molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrated that adding a certain amount of double fillers will have a synergistic effect, and its mechanical properties are better than those of single fillers. The tribological property of the m‐FACs/f‐Fe3O4/EP composite coatings was optimal under magnetic fluid friction, which is about an order of magnitude lower than the wear rate under dry friction. The saturation magnetization of the m‐FACs/f‐Fe3O4/EP composite coating is 2.77 emu/g, and the magnetic susceptibility reaches 4.64 × 10−4 m3/kg. Therefore, the m‐FACs/f‐Fe3O4/EP composite coating will be expected to solve the wear problem of equipment components in complex environments of magnetic field and friction.
Piperine‐Loaded Sodium Caseinate Nanoglobules Delivered Transdermally Through Microneedle Patch for Improved Bioavailability at Adipose Tissue
Authors: Mudhol Seema , Serva Peddha Muthukumar
Published: November 2024

Despite being a well‐known anti‐obesity chemical, piperine has only found limited therapeutic use because of its poor bioavailability at the site of action. In order to test this hypothesis, we placed piperine sodium caseinate nanoglobules (PSN) in microneedle patches (MNPs), which may enhance piperine transdermal delivery and absorption. Clove oil, sodium caseinate to make nanoglobules, and PEG 400 as a stabilizer were used in a nanoglobules process to create the PSN. The polydispersity index (0.256) and particle size (134.4 nm) of the developed PSN were both smaller, while their zeta potential (−44.4 mV) and encapsulation efficiency (90%–95%) were both greater. Compared to native piperine, the PSN increased solubility, bioaccessibility (6.5 times), and bioavailability (2.8 fold). Moreover, the PSN‐loaded MNPs were created using the micro‐molding (poly‐dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold) approach. In both PBS buffer and porcine skin, the PSN‐loaded MNPs were rapidly hydrolyzed, with 50% piperine release in less than 5 min. Also, the produced MNPs demonstrated improved bioavailability of piperine in the plasma (180 ng/mL) and adipose (425 ng/mL) tissue of C57BL6 mice. In conclusion, the work offered a theoretical foundation for utilizing new PSN‐loaded MNPs as a viable piperine delivery method for treating obesity.
Autistic adults exhibit a typical search advantage for facing dyads
Authors: Vestner Tim , Gehdu Bayparvah Kaur , Gray Katie L. H. , Cook Richard
Published: November 2024

Recent findings obtained with non‐autistic participants indicate that pairs of facing individuals (face‐to‐face dyadic targets) are found faster than pairs of non‐facing individuals (back‐to‐back dyadic targets) when hidden among distractor pairings (e.g., pairs of individuals arranged face‐to‐back) in visual search displays. These results suggest that facing dyads may compete for observers' attention more effectively than non‐facing dyads. In principle, such an advantage might aid the detection of social interactions and facilitate social learning. Autistic individuals are known to exhibit differences in visual processing that impede their perception of other individuals. At present, however, little is known about multi‐actor visual processing in autism. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic individuals show a typical search advantage for facing dyads. In an online study, autistic and non‐autistic participants were tasked with finding target dyads (pairs of faces arranged face‐to‐face or back‐to‐back) embedded among distractor dyads (pairs of faces arranged face‐to‐back). Relative to the non‐autistic controls, the autistic participants took slightly longer to locate target dyads. However, a clear and comparable search advantage for facing dyads was seen in both participant groups. This preliminary evidence suggests that multi‐actor processing of autistic participants exhibits typical sensitivity to dyadic arrangement.
Increasing Water Supply Resilience Through the Pure Water Antelope Valley Program
Authors: Rogers Scott , Hirani Zakir
Published: November 2024

Key Takeaways

The Pure Water Antelope Valley (AV) program, the first inland potable reuse program in California, aims to augment water supplies to overcome current and projected reductions.

Pure Water AV will use groundwater recharge via subsurface injection to increase the reliability and resilience of Antelope Valley's water supply.

A collaboration between the Palmdale Water District, City of Palmdale, and Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, the program will improve the groundwater quality over time.

Besides overcoming technical challenges, Pure Water AV's success depends on well‐thought‐out strategies for funding and public outreach.
Geranylation of Cyclic Dipeptides and Naphthols by the Fungal Prenyltransferase CdpC3PT_F253G
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Yi , Xu Yuanyuan , Long Hongping , Min Wenqing , Gao Shangfeng , Li Shu‐Ming , Yu Xia
Published: November 2024

Prenyl modification often improves the biological activities of compounds. Prenyltransferases have attracted attention as environmentally friendly biocatalysts for catalyzing prenyl modification of compounds. Compared to dimethylallyl modifications, research on geranyl modifications is relatively limited. To enrich biocatalytic toolboxes for generating potentially bioactive geranylated derivatives, this study developed methodologies to synthesize two types of geranylated compounds, i. e., geranylated tryptophan‐containing cyclic dipeptides and geranylated naphthols, employing the F253G mutant of CdpC3PT, a cyclic dipeptide prenyltransferase from Neosartorya fischeri. The cyclic dipeptides (1–3) were transformed into C7‐geranylated products (1G1–3G1), whereas 1‐naphthol (4) and derivatives (5–6) yielded C4‐geranylated products (4G1–6G1) and 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene (7) generated a C3‐geranylated product (7G1). All seven substrates and their geranylated products underwent antibacterial efficacy testing against Bacillus subtilis. Among them, five geranylated compounds (2G1 and 4G1–7G1) demonstrated antibacterial efficacies against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values ranging from 4 to 32 μg/mL, surpassing their non‐geranylated precursors. This research broadens the tools of geranyl‐modifying biocatalysts, illustrates a case for developing highly efficient or function‐altered biocatalysts and showcases the potential of prenyltransferases in the biosynthesis of bioactive small molecules.
Understanding the P‐Cluster of Vanadium Nitrogenase: an EPR and XAS Study of the Holo vs. Apo Forms of the Enzyme
Authors: Wahl Isis M. , Sengupta Kushal , van Gastel Maurice , Decamps Laure , DeBeer Serena
Published: November 2024

The catalytic moiety of nitrogenases contains two complex metalloclusters: The M‐cluster (also called cofactor), where the catalytic reduction of substrates takes place, and the [Fe8S7] P‐cluster responsible for electron transfer. Due to discrepancies between crystallography and EPR spectroscopy, the exact structure of the P‐cluster in the VFe protein remains a topic of debate. Herein, we use an apo‐form of VFe (which retains the P‐cluster but lacks the FeVco) to study the VFe P‐cluster. SDS‐PAGE and NativePAGE showed a heterogeneous composition of the VFe and the apo‐VFe samples with the presence of α1β2δ2 and α1β2 complexes. The parallel mode EPR measurements of IDS oxidized MoFe, apo‐MoFe, and VFe samples reveal a signal at g=12 associated with the two‐electron oxidized state of the P‐cluster (P2+) for all three samples, albeit with different intensities. In contrast, no P2+ was observed for IDS oxidized apo‐VFe. Additionally, comparisons between apo‐MoFe, apo‐VFe and the model complex (NBu4)2[Fe4S4(SPh)4] via EXAFS measurements showed that apo‐VFe does not contain a fully formed [Fe8S7] P‐cluster, but rather is comprised of fragmented iron‐sulfur clusters. Our results point to a possible variation in the structure of the P‐cluster in the different forms of the nitrogenase.
The Interconnection Between Community College Hiring and Retention of Faculty of Color
Authors: Lara Luke J.
Published: November 2024

This study examined the experiences of faculty of color in community colleges within the context of faculty diversification efforts. Community college students have become more racially and ethnically diverse, yet faculty remain overwhelmingly White. Ten faculty of color from diverse disciplinary fields were interviewed in this phenomenological study. Critical race theory was used as an analytical framework. Participants revealed how their racialized awareness led to their commitment to racial justice. They strongly articulated the important role faculty of color play for student success. Additionally, the participating faculty noted that the current quality of employment included experiencing isolation, microaggressions, and unspoken burdens, which motivated them to create a community with other faculty of color and, by extension, advocating for racial diversity in hiring. Recommendations are provided to address the systemic changes needed to support faculty of color from recruitment to retirement.
Together and Toward Equity: Experiences and Insights of Faculty in a Transfer Partnership
Authors: Okur Ayse , Contreras‐Garcia Nicole , Widmer Maria , Wang Xueli
Published: November 2024

Empirically grounded, this article presents practical insights from a faculty‐led cross‐institutional transfer partnership involving three community colleges and a university in the Midwest. Drawing upon focus group interviews with over 60 members involved in the partnership, we delve into how faculty participants traverse domains of teaching, mentoring, and collaboration in their quest for developing equitable transfer opportunities and pathways. The article offers implications and recommendations that inform several vital areas of community college research and practice, such as transfer partnerships and equity initiatives, especially those led by faculty. Further, by illuminating how faculty negotiate priorities, tensions, strategies, and opportunities across their multiple roles in the transfer partnership, this article offers approaches for supporting community college faculty in reconciling their multiple professional roles toward complementarity, synergy, and sustainability.