bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM MINI BANK FAKULTAS EKONOMI UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG MENJADI INCOME-GENERATING UNIT
Authors: Budiharjo Anas , Segaf Segaf , Alim Syahirul
Published: November 2015

Abstrak

Perkembangan lembaga keuangan Syariah di Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah menunjukkan angka yang positif. Hingga bulan Oktober 2013, pertumbuhan industri keuangan Syariah di Indonesia telah mencapai 23% per tahun. Menggeliatnya lembaga keuangan Syariah yang menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Syariah ini tidak hanya di lingkup perbankan saja tetapi juga lembaga keuangan bukan bank (LKBB) seperti asuransi Syariah, sekuritas Syariah, pegadaian Syariah, lembaga keuangan mikro Syariah yang lebih dikenal dengan Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT), dan sebagainya. Fenomena di atas yang memotivasi Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang (UIN Maliki) untuk menyelenggarakan pendidikan lengkap dengan sarana prasarana yang dibutuhkan oleh kalangan akademisi baik pengajar maupun peserta didik. Dalam hal ini, UIN Maliki Malang menyediakan laboratorium perbankan syariah untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar-mengajar Fakultas Ekonomi khususnya Jurusan Perbankan Syariah. Namun demikian peran mini bank ini dapat dikembangkan menjadi income-generating unit atau unit yang dapat menghasilkan laba sendiri dengan membuka pelayanan jasa finansial yang dikhususkan untuk mahasiswa, dosen, maupun karyawan. Oleh karena itu Laboratorium mini bank FE UIN Maliki Malang perlu memikirkan kegiatan-kegiatan yang bisa menghasilkan pemasukan dana ke Laboratorium mini bank FE UIN Maliki Malang atau income-generating activities. Sebagian akademisi menganggap kegiatan seperti ini tidak boleh dilakukan di laboratorium, karena semua laboratorium berbasis non-profit activities. Namun sebagian lagi berpendapat bahwa ada sebagian kegiatan Laboratorium mini bank yang bersifat spesifik yang boleh “dijual” ke pemakai Laboratorium mini bank. Mereka beralasan bahwa Laboratorium mini bank dapat digolongkan kepada non for profit organization, yang berarti bahwa Laboratorium mini bank adalah organisasi yang tidak bertujuan mencari keuntungan, namun bukan berarti tidak boleh mendapatkan keuntungan.
THE DETERMINANTS OF FIRM’S CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE OF SHARIAH AND NON-SHARIAH STOCK COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nikmah Choirul , Suhadak Suhadak , Kertahadi Kertahadi , Yeh Hsien- Hung
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This research investigates the determinants of capital structure for firms in Indonesia from the perspective of Shariah and non-Shariah stocks. The research was conducted using 222 non financial companies that listing in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2007 to 2012. This study tested using multiple linier regressions with panel data.The results show that firm-specific factors such as profitability and tangibility have significant negative influence on capital structure. There is no direct industry effect on capital structure but the interaction between industry type and Shariah and non-Shariah stocks do affect the determination of capital structure. In addition, the interaction between firm-specific factors and Shariah and non-Shariah stocks affects capital structure of firms in Indonesia.
STUDI DAYA HAMBAT IN VITRO ANTI MPS ECTO CIK (MAYOR PHYSIOLOGICAL PROTEIN SUBSTRAT) TERHADAP VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA KAMBING DAN DOMBA
Authors: Muchtaromah Bayyinatul
Published: November 2015

Untuk menuju suatu penemuan tentang vaksin kontrasepsi bagi pria, diperlukan penelitian dasar mengenai hal tersebut. Sebagai langkah awal dilakukan uji hambatan Anti MPS ecto CIK terhadap viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan domba, sedangkan dari penelitian pendahuluan diketahui bahwa anti MPS dari ecto-CIK ini mampu bereaksi silang dengan spermatozoa domba, dan sapi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peranan anti MPS ecto CIK dalam menghambat  viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan domba secara in vitro.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa besar peranan anti MPS ecto CIK dengan pemberian perlakuan konsentrasi dan lama inkubasi serta interaksi kedua perlakuan dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan domba. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 faktor utama, faktor pertama yaitu: dosis pengenceran, 0µl, 5µl, 10µl, dan 15µl, dan faktor kedua yaitu: lama inkubasi, yaitu 5 menit, 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 120 menit, masing-masing 6 kali ulangan. Data viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan domba  dianalisis dengan Uji one way ANOVA, jika hasil dari analisis tersebut terdapat pengaruh yang nyata maka akan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan dengan taraf signifikansi 5% (0,05).
Pemberian perlakuan anti MPS dari ecto CIK membran spermatozoa kambing dengan konsentrasi dan 0 µl, 5 µl, 10 µl, 15 µl dan lama inkubasi 5 menit, 30 menit, 60 menit dan 120 menit berpengaruh signifikan dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan domba. Pada perlakuan anti MPS ecto CIK dengan konsentrasi 15 µl dan lama inkubasi 120 menit merupakan perlakuan yang paling optimal dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa kambing (45,50 ± 11,16%; 44,87 ± 9,40%) dan domba (55,54 ± 18,87%; 40,58 ± 13,20%).  Interaksi pemberian perlakuan konsentrasi dan lama inkubasi anti MPS ecto CIK pada konsentrasi 15 µl dan lama inkubasi 120 menit anti MPS ecto CIK paling berpengaruh dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa domba (26,83 ± 8,70%), sedangkan pada kambing tidak berpengaruh.
PENGUJIAN IN VITRO BEBERAPA VARIETAS KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merr) TOLERAN KEKERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN Polyethylene Glikol (PEG) 6000 PADA MEDIA PADAT DAN CAIR
Authors: Savitri Evika Sandi
Published: November 2015

Kondisi stres kekeringan secara in vitro dapat disimulasi dengan menurunkan potensial air media, yaitu dengan penambahan PEG (polietilena glikol). Penapisan secara in vitro dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan komponen penyeleksi yang dapat mensimulasikan cekaman lingkungan. Pada penapisan in vitro, penambahan komponen seleksi harus dipilih, sehingga pada konsentrasi yang tepat dapat mengelompokkan verietas kedelai yang peka, moderat dan toleran. Salah satu respon tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan yaitu terjadi perkecambahan yang abnormal. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui respon perkecambahan varietas kedelai yang ditanam pada media in vitro dengan penambahan PEG 6000 dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi PEG yang mampu menyeleksi varietas kedelai peka dan toleran kekeringan pada media padat dan media cair.
Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap yang pertama pengujian pada media padat, menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor.  Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi PEG 6000 yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan (0 gr/l; 20 gr/l; 40 gr/l dan 60 r/l), dan faktor kedua adalah varietas kedelai (Wilis, Tanggamus, Grobogan, Argomulyo, Kaba dan Panderman). Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan.  Penelitian kedua pengujian pada media cair, menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor.  Faktor pertama adalah varietas kedelai yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: Wilis, Tanggamus dan Grobogan. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi PEG 6000 yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan yaitu: 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%, yang masing-masing setara dengan potensial air 0; -0,13; -0,19; -0,41 MPa. Pada penelitian media padat, berdasarkan hasil indeks sensivitas kekeringan, varietas Grobogan, Argomulyo dan Kaba menunjukkan respon peka kekeringan, sedangkan varietas Wilis dan Argomulyo menunjukkan respon toleran kekeringan dan varietas Tanggamus menunjukkan respon medium toleran. Konsentrasi PEG 60 gr/l  mampu mensimulasi kekeringan pada media padat.  Pada media cair, berdasarkan indeks sensivitas menunjukkan varietas Tanggamus dan Wilis bersifat medium toleran dan Grobogan peka terhadap kekeringan.  Konsentrasi PEG 5% pada media MS cair in vitro mampu mensimulasikan cekaman kekeringan.

Kata kunci :  Pengujian in vitro, varietas kedelai, media padat, media cair
MORTALITAS HAMA WERENG PUNGGUNG PUTIH SETELAH DIMANGSA OLEH SERANGGA PREDATOR (PENGAMATAN VISUALISASI DI GREEN HOUSE)
Authors: Sjakoer Nour Athiroh Abdoes
Published: November 2015

The usage of pesticide to eradicate pest cause resurgence, resistance, explosion of secondary pest and the destroyed of the natural enemy. One of pest that attack paddy is white back pest (Sogatella furcifera  Horvath). By using the natural enemy of predatory insect able to decrease the pesticide usage. The research aimed at knowing the predation of Synharmonia conglobata Linnaeus predator toward white back pest (Sogatella furcifera  Horvath) as the prey and the influence of dark and light time. The research is experimental research by using random design with two treatments and  4 replications. The treatment with predator given symbol (P)  used 2 predators and 25 pests. And the without predators given symbol as (K). The data collection was done in 14 days, at 07.00 WIB and 15.00 WIB with 2 days interval. The research parameter is the preyed pest by predator. Data analysis by using unpaired t test with significance level of 1%    The results showed that Synharmonia conglobata  Linnaeus has predation toward white back pest (Sogatella furcifera Horvath). From data, the predator prey pest in the light time 1.18 pest per day and in dark time 0.94 pest per day. Based on t test (0.01) showed the significant differences between treatment and control wither in light or dark time.

Keywords: Mortality, predatory insect, white back pest, and visualisation.
PEMULIAAN TANAMAN CEPAT DAN TEPAT MELALUI PENDEKATAN MARKA MOLEKULER
Authors: Nuraida Dede
Published: November 2015

Pemuliaan   tanaman   merupakan   suatu   kegiatan   yang   dilakukan   untuk memperbaiki karakter tanaman secara baka. Pemuliaan secara konvensional biasanya dilakukan melalui seleksi terhadap karakter-karakter yang menjadi target  atas dasar ciri- ciri fenotip/morfologi, namun penggunaan penanda morfologi ini kurang akurat dan tidak stabil karena karakter yang tampak bukan semata-mata menggambarkan informasi genetic tanaman tetapi sudah dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Seleksi yang akurat terhadap suatu karakter yang diinginkan dari tanaman       adalah  denga    berdasarkan  pada  gen  yang mengendalikan karakter tersebut. Untuk  itu maka identifikasi genetic dengan pendekatan molekuler sangat dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan pemuliaan ini agar memperoleh hasil yang tepat dalam waktu yang singkat.

 
PEMBELAJARAN BIOETIKA SEBAGAI PENGAWAL PERKEMBANGAN BIOLOGI MODERN DAN PENYELAMATAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Minarno Eko Budi
Published: November 2015

Perkembangan biologi modern telah menghasilkan keuntungan yang luar biasa bagi kesejahteraan hidup manusia, namun di sisi lain juga menimbulkan dampak negatif. Oleh karena  itu,  diperlukan  bioetika  untuk  mengawal  perkembangan  biologi  modern  agar memiliki  komitmen  terhadap  kemaslahatan  alam.  Pembelajaran  bioetika  perlu dikembangkan dengan orientasi utama pada pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Metode yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui pengembangan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan model ABCDE. Selain untuk mengawal perkembangan biologi modern, bioetika juga penting untuk membelajarkan etika lingkungan yang bersumber pada etika biosentrisme dan etika ekosentrisme, sebab etika antroposentrisme cenderung mengantarkan perilaku manusia menjadi eksploitatif terhadap alam.
Functional breadth and home‐field advantage generate functional differences among soil microbial decomposers
Authors: Fanin Nicolas , Fromin Nathalie , Bertrand Isabelle
Published: November 2015

In addition to the effect of litter quality (LQ) on decomposition, increasing evidence is demonstrating that carbon mineralization can be influenced by the past resource history, mainly through following two processes: (1) decomposer communities from recalcitrant litter environments may have a wider functional ability to decompose a wide range of litter species than those originating from richer environments, i.e., the functional breadth (FB) hypothesis; and/or (2) decomposer communities may be specialized towards the litter they most frequently encounter, i.e., the home‐field advantage (HFA) hypothesis. Nevertheless, the functional dissimilarities among contrasting microbial communities, which are generated by the FB and the HFA, have rarely been simultaneously quantified in the same experiment, and their relative contributions over time have never been assessed. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment under controlled conditions using litter and soil originating from four ecosystems along a land‐use gradient (forest, plantation, grassland, and cropland) and one additional treatment using 13C‐labelled flax litter allowing us to assess the priming effect (PE) in each ecosystem. We found substantial effects of LQ on carbon mineralization (more than two‐thirds of the explained variance), whereas the contribution of the soil type was fairly low (less than one‐tenth), suggesting that the contrasting soil microbial communities play only a minor role in regulating decomposition rates. Although the results on PE showed that we overestimated litter‐derived CO2 fluxes, litter–microbe interactions contributed significantly to the unexplained variance observed in carbon mineralization models. The magnitudes of FB and HFA were relatively similar, but the directions of these mechanisms were sometimes opposite depending on the litter and soil types. FB and HFA estimates calculated on parietal sugar mass loss were positively correlated with those calculated on enzymatic activity, confirming the idea that the interaction between litter quality and microbial community structure may modify the trajectory of carbon mineralization via enzymatic synthesis. We conclude that although litter quality was the predominant factor controlling litter mineralization, the local microbial communities and interactions with their substrates can explain a small (<5%) but noticeable portion of carbon fluxes.
Variable Clinical Presentations of ABO Incompatibility in Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Mundy Cynthia A. , Bhatia Jatinder
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Newborns with ABO blood group incompatibility can have a spectrum of clinical presentations from remaining asymptomatic to severe hemolytic anemia with jaundice. This case presentation discusses dizygotic twins who demonstrated both ends of the clinical spectrum. Similar cases in which there is such extreme variation between twins were not attainable in the current literature, which prompted the authors to present it as a rare occurrence and one that was unexpected based on their past experience with ABO incompatibility both in singletons and in twins.
High-Fidelity Simulation for Neonatal Nursing Education: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Cooper Allyson
Published: November 2015

The lack of safe avenues to develop neonatal nursing competencies using human subjects leads to the notion that simulation education for neonatal nurses might be an ideal form of education. This integrative literature review compares traditional, teacher-centered education with high-fidelity simulation education for neonatal nurses. It examines the theoretical frameworks used in neonatal nursing education and outlines the advantages of this type of training, including improving communication and teamwork; providing an innovative pedagogical approach; and aiding in skill acquisition, confidence, and participant satisfaction. The importance of debriefing is also examined. High-fidelity simulation is not without disadvantages, including its significant cost, the time associated with training, the need for very complex technical equipment, and increased faculty resource requirements. Innovative uses of high-fidelity simulation in neonatal nursing education are suggested. High-fidelity simulation has great potential but requires additional research to fully prove its efficacy.
Intellectual Disability: A Critical Concept Analysis
Authors: Pariseau-Legault Pierre , Holmes Dave
Published: November 2015

Over the last number of years, the emergence of new scientific and social constructions of intellectual disability has contributed to many terminological, conceptual, and structural changes. As a result, the expression “mental retardation” has gradually been abandoned in favor of “intellectual disability” for classification and diagnosis. In addition to helping redefine intellectual disability, the implementation of new deinstitutionalized mechanisms of governmentality required the adoption of different clinical models. Concrete applications of those models have yet to be studied in nursing practice. The main objective of this article is to analyze the concept of intellectual disability in light of recent developments to clarify its philosophical bases, influence, and relevance for clinical practice. This concept analysis was realized following a literature review of scientific articles and monographs addressing topics related to intellectual disability. Inspired by a poststructuralist approach, we will discuss about the ambiguity of nurses’ role regarding people labeled as having an intellectual disability. Lastly, we will address the clinical implications of our analysis and we will propose an actualized understanding of the nursing practice in such context.
Willingness of Future Nursing Workforce to Report for Duty During an Avian Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Zilberstein Shirley , Alaev Diana
Published: November 2015

Nursing students are the future nursing workforce. Exploring factors associated with nursing students’ willingness to report for duty during an avian influenza (flu) pandemic, might help nurse managers develop strategies in advance for efficient management of personnel during a pandemic of avian flu.

Aim: To examine the factors associated with the willingness of future nursing workforce to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic, using the theory of self-efficacy. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative correlational design. A convenience sample of 200 Israeli nursing students completed a questionnaire based on the theory and the literature review. Results: Approximately one-half (49%) of the students intended to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic in the future. Perceived self-efficacy and working conditions were found associated with this willingness. Male students and students from the Arab Muslim sector were more willing to report for duty during a pandemic than female students or students from the Jewish sector. Discussion: These finding may have implications for disaster planning and staffing management in health care settings during an avian flu pandemic, with the aim to ensure optimal nursing care and an efficient functioning of the entire health care system.
Palliation: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Applequist Hilary , Daly Barbara J.
Published: November 2015

Palliation is a term that is used in the literature to identify very different concepts. It is often used interchangeably with palliative care, symptom management, and hospice. While these concepts are indeed related, the distinctions are valuable to identify to impact patient care. A concept analysis of palliation was undertaken via Wilson’s method to define, identify core attributes and suggest areas for further research related to palliation. The analysis resulted in the following definition of palliation: patient goal directed symptom relief from a non-curative intervention, administered via human presence. Clarification of the definition and attributes will facilitate continued efforts to design valid measures of palliation as a patient-centered outcome.
Development of an Attitude Scale for Home Care
Authors: Duru Pınar , Örsal Özlem , Karadağ Engin
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes about home care services and to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool. This methodological study was carried out on 290 students studying at a school of health. Mary Albrecht’s nursing model for home health care, Jean Watson’s theory of human caring, and Leslie Jean Neal’s theory of home health nursing practice constituted the theoretical framework of the study. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, obtained fit indices (x2/df = 1.91, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .057, normed fit index [NFI] = .80, comparative fit index [CFI] = .89, goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = .85) showed that the proposed model is appropriate for the scale. The Attitude Scale for Home Care (ASHC) consists of 3 subdimensions and 29 items. Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was .93. Therefore, ASHC is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring attitudes about home care and can be used in selecting personnel to work in home care services.
A joint model based on longitudinal CA125 in ovarian cancer to predict recurrence
Authors: Chang Chung , Chiang An Jen , Chen Wei-An , Chang Hsueh-Wen , Chen Jiabin
Published: November 2015

Aims: To develop a new package of joint model to fit longitudinal CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer relapse. Patients & methods: Included were 305 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who reached complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and first-line chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis with a joint model was performed to select independent risk factors, which were subsequently combined to predict recurrence. Results: Independent factors were longitudinal CA125, age, stage and residual tumor size (p < 0.05). Prediction of recurrence with these factors had an average of 80.7% accuracy, 5.6–10.7% better than kinetic factors. Conclusion: The new package of joint model fits longitudinal CA125 well. Potential application can be extended to other biomarkers.
Gait analysis of patients following totalcondylar knee arthroplasty
Authors: Prodanovic Nikola , Ristic Branko , Matic Aleksandar , Petrovic-Savic Suzana , Devedzic Goran
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate total knee arthroplasty success, throw
gait analysis of patients who were underwent a surgery according to objective indicators. Material and methods: Fourteen patients were participated in our
study who suffered from a certain type of gonarthrosis. Data were
gathered(collected) using a commercial OptiTrack system for motion recording
using six infrared cameras. Markers were placed on patients? lower
extremities, on previously determined anatomical regions. After recording the data were processed using computing environment MATLAB. Results: Observing our lab results we noticed a significant reduction in range of motion (ROM)
of arthritic knees in relation to the healthy knees. ROM reduction is
primarily related to flexion and extension, as well as to medial and lateral
translation. Following the TKA, ROM increases, and these values get close to
the values that were measured in a healthy knee. The results were presented
using graphs for a healthy, damaged and operated knee, and values of
corresponding parameters were given using tables. Conclusion: Using our
results we showed that there is a big difference in the movement pattern of
patients with gonarthrosis before and after the TKA and that that difference
can be determined successfully quickly using Optitrack system.
Systematic Review of Key Leader Practices Found to Influence Student Achievement
Authors: Hitt Dallas Hambrick , Tucker Pamela D.
Published: November 2015

The field of educational leadership has accrued a body of research that explains how leaders influence student achievement through the enactment of various practices. Yet, differences exist in the substance of the frameworks that assert the areas to which leaders should attend. The specific purposes of this article are to identify and synthesize the empirical research on how leadership influences student achievement and to provide evidence on how school leaders should direct their efforts. During the literature review, we consulted experts for recommendations and searched peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2014. The literature review yielded 56 empirical research studies of relevance to the topic and 3 frameworks consisting of clustered practices. We then grouped the 28 practices according to systematic criteria and found 5 overarching domains. In doing so, this study unifies existing frameworks through developing a cohesive set of practices to inform the work of researchers and practitioners.
Perioperative outcomes and adverse events of minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar fusion: meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Goldstein Christina L. , Macwan Kevin , Sundararajan Kala , Rampersaud Y. Raja
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical comparative effectiveness and adverse event rates of posterior minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared with open transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF/PLIF).

METHODS

A systematic review of the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed. A hand search of reference lists was conducted. Studies were reviewed by 2 independent assessors to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or comparative cohort studies including at least 10 patients undergoing MIS or open TLIF/PLIF for degenerative lumbar spinal disorders and reporting at least 1 of the following: clinical outcome measure, perioperative clinical or process measure, radiographic outcome, or adverse events. Study quality was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol. When appropriate, a meta-analysis of outcomes data was conducted.

RESULTS

The systematic review and reference list search identified 3301 articles, with 26 meeting study inclusion criteria. All studies, including 1 RCT, were of low or very low quality. No significant difference regarding age, sex, surgical levels, or diagnosis was identified between the 2 cohorts (856 patients in the MIS cohort, 806 patients in the open cohort). The meta-analysis revealed changes in the perioperative outcomes of mean estimated blood loss, time to ambulation, and length of stay favoring an MIS approach by 260 ml (p < 0.00001), 3.5 days (p = 0.0006), and 2.9 days (p < 0.00001), respectively. Operative time was not significantly different between the surgical techniques (p = 0.78). There was no significant difference in surgical adverse events (p = 0.97), but MIS cases were significantly less likely to experience medical adverse events (risk ratio [MIS vs open] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.69, p = 0.001). No difference in nonunion (p = 0.97) or reoperation rates (p = 0.97) was observed. Mean Oswestry Disability Index scores were slightly better in the patients undergoing MIS (n = 346) versus open TLIF/PLIF (n = 346) at a median follow-up time of 24 months (mean difference [MIS – open] = 3.32, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The result of this quantitative systematic review of clinical comparative effectiveness research examining MIS versus open TLIF/PLIF for degenerative lumbar pathology suggests equipoise in patient-reported clinical outcomes. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of adverse event data suggests equivalent rates of surgical complications with lower rates of medical complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive TLIF/PLIF compared with open surgery. The quality of the current comparative evidence is low to very low, with significant inherent bias.
Risk factors for neurological worsening and symptomatic watershed infarction in internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by extracranial-intracranial bypass using radial artery graft
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Tanikawa Rokuya , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tsuboi Toshiyuki , Noda Kosumo , Ota Nakao , Miyata Shiro , Oda Jumpei , Takeda Rihee , Tokuda Sadahisa , Kamada Kyousuke
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The revascularization technique, including bypass created using the external carotid artery (ECA), radial artery (RA), and M2 portion of middle cerebral artery (MCA), has remained indispensable for treatment of complex aneurysms. To date, it remains unknown whether diameters of the RA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and C2 portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and intraoperative MCA blood pressure have influences on the outcome and the symptomatic watershed infarction (WI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors for the symptomatic WI and neurological worsening in patients treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass for complex ICA aneurysm with therapeutic ICA occlusion.

METHODS

The authors measured the sizes of vessels (RA, C2, M2, and STA) and intraoperative MCA blood pressure (initial, after ICA occlusion, and after releasing the RA graft bypass) in 37 patients. Symptomatic WI was defined as presence of the following: postoperative new neurological deficits, WI on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging, and ipsilateral cerebral blood flow reduction on SPECT. Neurological worsening was defined as the increase in 1 or more modified Rankin Scale scores. First, the authors performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for continuous variables and the binary end point of the symptomatic WI. The clinical, radiological, and physiological characteristics of patients with and without the symptomatic WI were compared using the log-rank test. Then, the authors compared the variables between patients with and without neurological worsening at discharge and at the 12-month follow-up examination or last hospital visit.

RESULTS

Symptomatic WI was observed in 2 (5.4%) patients. The mean MCA pressure after releasing the RA graft (< 55 mm Hg; p = 0.017), mean (MCA pressure after releasing the RA graft)/(initial MCA pressure) (< 0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.032), and mean cross-sectional area ratio ([RA/C2 diameter]2 < 0.40 mm [p < 0.0001] and [STA/C2 diameter]2 < 0.044 mm [p < 0.0001]) were related to the symptomatic WI. All preoperatively independent patients remained independent (modified Rankin Scale score < 3). After adjusting for age and sex, left operative side (p = 0.0090 and 0.038) and perforating artery ischemia (p = 0.0050 and 0.022) were related to neurological worsening at discharge (11 [29%] patients) and at the 12-month follow-up or last hospital visit (8 [22%] patients).

CONCLUSIONS

Results of the present study showed that the vessel diameter and intraoperative MCA pressure had impacts on the symptomatic WI and that operative side and perforating artery ischemia were related to neurological worsening in patients with complex ICA aneurysms treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass.
Pituitary macroadenomas with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking: implications for surgical management
Authors: Hoang Nguyen , Tran Diem Kieu , Herde Ryan , Couldwell Genevieve C. , Osborn Anne G. , Couldwell William T.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

Oculomotor cistern extension of pituitary adenomas is an overlooked feature within the literature. In this study, 7 cases of pituitary macroadenoma with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking are highlighted, and the implications of surgical and medical management are discussed.

METHODS

The records of patients diagnosed with pituitary macroadenomas who underwent resection and in whom preoperative pituitary protocol MRI scans were available for review were retrospectively reviewed. The patient and tumor characteristics were reviewed along with the operative outcomes and complications.

RESULTS

Seven patients (4.1%) with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking were identified in a cohort of 170 patients with pituitary macroadenoma. The most common presenting symptoms were visual deficit (6 patients; 86%), apoplexy (3 patients; 43%), and oculomotor nerve palsy (3 patients; 43%). Lone oculomotor nerve palsy was seen in 2 patients without apoplexy and 1 patient with an apoplectic event. Gross-total resection was achieved via a microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach with or without endoscopic aid to the sella in 14%, near-total resection in 29%, and subtotal resection in 57% of patients in the data set.

CONCLUSIONS

Pituitary adenoma extension along the oculomotor cistern is uncommon; however, preoperatively recognizing such extension should play an important role in the surgeon’s operative considerations and postoperative clinical management because this extension can limit gross-total resection using the transsphenoidal approach alone.
A novel approach to navigated implantation of S-2 alar iliac screws using inertial measurement units
Authors: Jost Gregory F. , Walti Jonas , Mariani Luigi , Cattin Philippe
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The authors report on a novel method of intraoperative navigation with inertial measurement units (IMUs) for implantation of S-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screws in sacropelvic fixation of the human spine and its application in cadaveric specimens.

METHODS

Screw trajectories were planned on a multiplanar reconstruction of the preoperative CT scan. The pedicle finder and screwdriver were equipped with IMUs to guide the axial and sagittal tilt angles of the planned trajectory, and navigation software was developed. The entry points were chosen according to anatomical landmarks on the exposed spine. After referencing, the sagittal and axial orientation of the pedicle finder and screwdriver were wirelessly monitored on a computer screen and aligned with the preoperatively planned tilt angles to implant the S2AI screws. The technique was performed without any intraoperative imaging. Screw positions were analyzed on postoperative CT scans.

RESULTS

Seventeen of 18 screws showed a good S2AI screw trajectory. Compared with the postoperatively measured tilt angles of the S2AI screws, the IMU readings on the screwdriver were within an axial plane deviation of 0° to 5° in 15 (83%) and 6° to 10° in 2 (11%) of the screws and within a sagittal plane deviation of 0° to 5° in 15 (83%) and 6° to 10° in 3 (17%) of the screws.

CONCLUSIONS

IMU–based intraoperative navigation may facilitate accurate placement of S2AI screws.
Surface energy and mass balance at Purogangri ice cap, central Tibetan Plateau, 2001–2011
Authors: Huintjes Eva , Neckel Niklas , Hochschild Volker , Schneider Christoph
Published: November 2015

Most glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau are difficult to assess as they are located in remote regions at high altitude. This study focuses on the surface energy-balance (SEB) and mass-balance (MB) characteristics of Purogangri ice cap (PIC). A ‘COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model’ (COSIMA) is applied without observational data from the ground. The model is forced by a meteorological dataset from the High Asia Refined analysis. Model results for annual surface-elevation changes and MB agree well with the results of a previous remote-sensing estimate. Low surface velocities of 0.026 ± 0.012 m d−1 were measured by repeat-pass InSAR. This finding supports the validation of the steady-state COSIMA against satellite-derived surface changes. Overall MB of PIC for the period 2001–11 is nearly balanced (−44 kg m−2 a−1). Analysis of the model-derived SEB/MB components reveals that a significant amount of snowfall in spring is responsible for high surface albedo throughout the year. Thus, the average surface energy loss through net longwave radiation is larger than the energy gain through net shortwave radiation. The dry continental climate favours mass loss through sublimation, which accounts for 66% of the total mass loss.
High-resolution atmospheric cadmium record for AD 1776–2004 in a high-altitude ice core from the eastern Tien Shan, central Asia
Authors: Wang Chaomin , Liu Yaping , Zhang Wangbin , Hong Sungmin , Hur Soon Do , Lee Khanghyun , Pang Hongxi , Hou Shugui
Published: November 2015

Two ice cores drilled to the bottom were recovered from Miaoergou flat-topped glacier (43°03'19“N, 94°19'21“E; 4512 ma.s.l.), eastern Tien Shan, central Asia, in 2005. A high–resolution record of cadmium was established by applying inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to one of the ice cores (57.6 m), covering a 228 year period from AD 1776 to 2004. The results showed long-term variations of atmospheric transport and deposition of cadmium at high altitudes. Trend analysis based on the sequential Mann-Kendall test and the analysis of crustal enrichment factors of the cadmium shows that natural contribution, mainly from rock and mineral dust, dominated the atmospheric cycles of cadmium during the period AD 1776–1957, which was confirmed by the significant correlation between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and annual cadmium concentration. The concentration of cadmium increased sharply from AD 1957 to 2004, suggesting increasing influence from human activities, such as metals production. The ice–core record indicated increasing atmospheric cadmium pollution in response to rapid economic growth after AD 1957 in the region.
Political Ambiguity in Chinese Climate Change Discourses
Authors: Lo Alex Y.
Published: November 2015

China's political environment offers limited space for critical debates on domestic politics. In such a constrained environment, people tend to represent and articulate climate change issues without explicitly addressing their political aspects. The aim of this paper is to examine this political ambiguity in climate change discourses. Q methodology was employed to elicit the subjective positions of forty-five young and educated Chinese individuals. Three discourses were extracted: namely, prosaic environmentalism, co-operative economic optimism and actor scepticism. These discourses do not indicate critical intent and deep engagement in the political arguments regarding climate change. This raises concern about the growth of climate citizenship within the country.
French Cinema and the Integration of Young Women Actors of Maghrebi Heritage
Authors: Tarr Carrie
Published: November 2015

Since the turn of the century, three young female actors of Maghrebi heritage have achieved the award of Most Promising Newcomer (Meilleur espoir féminin) at the French film industry's annual César ceremonies: Rachida Krim in 2002 for her performance in Coline Serreau's Chaos (2001), Hafsia Herzi in 2008 for her performance in Abdellatif Kechiche's La Graine et le mulet/Couscous (2007), and Leïla Bekhti in 2011 for her performance in Tout ce qui brille/All That Glitters (2010), directed by Géraldine Nakache and Hervé Mimran. On the assumption that this award may be indicative of the growing visibility of Maghrebi-French female actors at the centre of the French film industry, this article traces the career trajectories of these three actors and their contribution to representations of gender, ethnicity and identity in contemporary multi-ethnic postcolonial France from their award-winning roles through to their most recent performances, both in France and in a transnational context.
La France n'a pas été au rendez-vous
Authors: Begag Azouz
Published: November 2015

En réfléchissant sur sa triple carrière de sociologue, écrivain et ancien ministre, Azouz Begag commente l'évolution de la France depuis la publication par Le Figaro magazine en 1985 d'un dossier sur l'immigration intitulé « Serons-nous encore français dans 30 ans? ». Il regrette que pendant cette période la sphère politique soit restée peu poreuse aux populations issues de l'immigration et que les discriminations à l'encontre de celles-ci aient été insuffisamment réprimées. La percée de jeunes sportifs et artistes d'origine immigrée a laissé largement intact le statu quo politique, et les recherches scientifiques ont pesé bien peu dans le débat électoral. Les espoirs nourris par Begag pour un meilleur effort en faveur d'une véritable égalité des chances pour tous les citoyens, quelle que soit la diversité de leurs origines, ont été mis à mal par les attentats djihadistes commis à Paris en 2015.
Molybdenum (VI) Imido Complexes Derived from Chelating Phenols: Synthesis, Characterization and ɛ-Caprolactone ROP Capability
Authors: Al-Khafaji Yahya , Prior Timothy , Elsegood Mark , Redshaw Carl
Published: November 2015

Reaction of the bulky bi-phenols 2,2′-RCH[4,6-(t-Bu)2C6H2OH]2 (R = Me L1MeH2, Ph L1PhH2) with the bis(imido) molybdenum(VI) tert-butoxides [Mo(NR1)(NR2)(Ot-Bu)2] (R1 = R2 = 2,6-C6H3-i-Pr2; R1 = t-Bu, R2 = C6F5) afforded, following the successive removal of tert-butanol, the complexes [Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2L1Me] (1), [Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2L1Ph] (2) and [Mo(Nt-Bu)(μ-NC6F5)(L1Me)]2 (3). Similar use of the tri-phenol 2,6-bis(3,5-di-tert -butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol (L2H3) with [Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2(Ot-Bu)2] afforded the oxo-bridged product [Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)(NCMe)(μ-O)L2H]2 (4), whilst use of the tetra-phenols α,α,α′,α′-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-p- or -m-xylene L3pH4/L3mH4 led to {[Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2]2(μ-L3p)} (5) or {[Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2]2(μ-L3m)} (6), respectively. Similar use of [Mo(NC6F5)2(Ot-Bu)2] with L3pH4 afforded, after work-up, the complex {[Mo(NC6F5)(Ot-Bu)2]2(μ-L3p)}·6MeCN (7·6MeCN). Molecular structures of 1, 2·CH2Cl2, 3, 4·6MeCN, 6·2C6H14, and 7·6MeCN are reported and these complexes have been screened for their ability to ring open polymerize (ROP) ε-caprolactone; for comparative studies the precursor complex [Mo(NC6H3i-Pr2-2,6)2Cl2(DME)] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) has also been screened. Results revealed that good activity is only achievable at temperatures of ≥100 °C over periods of 1 h or more. Polymer polydispersities were narrow, but observed molecular weights (Mn) were much lower than calculated values.
A Novel Method for PD Feature Extraction of Power Cable with Renyi Entropy
Authors: Chen Jikai , Dou Yanhui , Wang Zhenhao , Li Guoqing
Published: November 2015

Partial discharge (PD) detection can effectively achieve the status maintenance of XLPE (Cross Linked Polyethylene) cable, so it is the direction of the development of equipment maintenance in power systems. At present, a main method of PD detection is the broadband electromagnetic coupling with a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT). Due to the strong electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated among the mass amount of cables in a tunnel and the impedance mismatching of HFCT and the data acquisition equipment, the features of the pulse current generated by PD are often submerged in the background noise. The conventional method for the stationary signal analysis cannot analyze the PD signal, which is transient and non-stationary. Although the algorithm of Shannon wavelet singular entropy (SWSE) can be used to analyze the PD signal at some level, its precision and anti-interference capability of PD feature extraction are still insufficient. For the above problem, a novel method named Renyi wavelet packet singular entropy (RWPSE) is proposed and applied to the PD feature extraction on power cables. Taking a three-level system as an example, we analyze the statistical properties of Renyi entropy and the intrinsic correlation with Shannon entropy under different values of α . At the same time, discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) is taken instead of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and Renyi entropy is combined to construct the RWPSE algorithm. Taking the grounding current signal from the shielding layer of XLPE cable as the research object, which includes the current pulse feature of PD, the effectiveness of the novel method is tested. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that compared to SWSE, RWPSE can not only improve the feature extraction accuracy for PD, but also can suppress EMI effectively.
The Role of Implicit Motives in Strategic Decision-Making: Computational Models of Motivated Learning and the Evolution of Motivated Agents
Authors: Merrick Kathryn
Published: November 2015

Individual behavioral differences in humans have been linked to measurable differences in their mental activities, including differences in their implicit motives. In humans, individual differences in the strength of motives such as power, achievement and affiliation have been shown to have a significant impact on behavior in social dilemma games and during other kinds of strategic interactions. This paper presents agent-based computational models of power-, achievement- and affiliation-motivated individuals engaged in game-play. The first model captures learning by motivated agents during strategic interactions. The second model captures the evolution of a society of motivated agents. It is demonstrated that misperception, when it is a result of motivation, causes agents with different motives to play a given game differently. When motivated agents who misperceive a game are present in a population, higher explicit payoff can result for the population as a whole. The implications of these results are discussed, both for modeling human behavior and for designing artificial agents with certain salient behavioral characteristics.
Social and Physical Environments and Self-Rated Health in Urban and Rural Communities in Korea
Authors: Lee Jung-A , Park Jong , Kim Myung
Published: November 2015

This study evaluated the associations between social and physical environments and self-rated health (SRH) for urban and rural Korean adults, using data from the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) of 199,790 participants (115,454 urban and 84,336 rural). The main dependent variable was SRH, while the primary independent variables were social and physical characteristics. Urban residents reported better SRH than did rural residents. Five social environmental variables (trust of neighbors, residence in the area for over 20 years, exchanging help with neighbors, friend and fellowship activities, contact with relatives and neighbors over five times per month) were more prevalent among rural residents. Satisfaction with physical environment was more common among rural residents, but satisfaction with traffic and healthcare facilities was more common among urban areas. After adjusting for relevant factors, positive associations between SRH and trust of neighbors, exchanging help with neighbors, participation in social activities or organizations, and physical environment existed in both rural and urban populations. Also, in both areas, there was no demonstrated association between SRH and years of residence or frequency of contact with relatives. Our findings suggest the existence of an association between social and physical factors and perceived health status among the general population of Korea.
Berberine Sulfate Attenuates Osteoclast Differentiation through RANKL Induced NF-κB and NFAT Pathways
Authors: Zhou Lin , Song Fangming , Liu Qian , Yang Mingli , Zhao Jinmin , Tan Renxiang , Xu Jun , Zhang Ge , Quinn Julian , Tickner Jennifer , Xu Jiake
Published: November 2015

Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease, is characterized by an excessive formation and activation of osteoclasts. Anti-catabolic treatment using natural compounds has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy against the osteoclast related osteolytic diseases. In this study, the activity of berberine sulfate (an orally available form of berberine) on osteoclast differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanisms of action were investigated. Using bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) derived osteoclast culture system, we showed that berberine sulfate at the dose of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 μM significantly inhibited the formation of osteoclasts. Notably, berberine sulfate at these doses did not affect the BMM viability. In addition, we observed that berberine sulfate inhibited the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including cathepsin K (Ctsk), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP, Acp5) and Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase V0 subunit D2 (V-ATPase d2). Luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis further revealed that berberine sulfate inhibits receptor for activation of nuclear factor ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB and NFAT activity. Taken together, our results suggest that berberine sulfate is a natural compound potentially useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.