bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of Novel Phosphorus Ligand 5-(2-diphenylphosphino) phenyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and its Metal Complexes with some Transition Metals
Authors: Al-Sabti Matheel D. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. H. , Marzoog Thorria R. , Al-Majedy Yasmien K.
Published: November 2021

This study involves the chemical synthesis of the novel ligand 5-(2-diphenylphosphino) phenyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (DPDTT) by the reaction of 2-diphenylphosphino benzoic acid with absolute ethanol that yield ethyl 2-diphenylphosphino benzoate and by cyclization of this compound with thiosemicarbazide, DPDTT will be produced. The chelating complexes of this ligand with Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were also prepared and studied. The new complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV/visible spectra, and room temperature magnetic susceptibility. The stability for the prepared complexes was also measured using the density function theory and it was found that the cadmium complex is the most stable and the chromium complex is the least stable. Free ligand and its metal complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms, like gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella in order to assess their antimicrobial properties. All complexes showed considerable activity against all the studied bacteria.
Influence of various levels of L-asparaginase II purification on the cytotoxicity, DNA level, and apoptosis in Hep-2 cells
Authors: Hassani Hayfa H. , Toma Rawa'a J.
Published: November 2021

The genetic effects of several concentrations of L–Asparaginase II (ASNase II), produced by Proteus vulgaris strain Pv.U92, at various levels of purification (ultrasonication, precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography) on cancer cells line of Hep–2 were studied. This bacterial enzyme with concentration 4 U/ml at gel filtration level was revealed a putative cytotoxicity against cancer cells in comparison with other concentrations and steps of purification were used in this work. Moreover, 4 U/ml of ASNase II at gel purification level has a distinguished role on arrest cancer cells division of Hep–2; it was reduced the content of DNA at each phase of cancer cell cycle particularly at G2/M phase, the level of DNA was 3%. On the other hand, the partial purified enzyme, L–ASNase II, was induced apoptosis by both levels of purification ion–exchange and gel filtration, the apoptotic fractionation was 0.86 and 0.7 respectively .
Molecular diagnosis of Iraqi chronic myeloid leukemia patients using quantitative real-time PCR
Authors: Abbas Adeeb , Sabbah Majeed A. , Hatam Abdul-salam , Yasser Luma A. , Abdul-Latif Baan
Published: November 2021

hronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia, is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in peripheral blood. Total RNA extraction, cDNA and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) were done for thirty CML Iraqi patients. Hematology tests (hemoglobin, platelets and WBCs counts) were done for the same samples in the same time. The results of this study show that some samples with normal hematology values have BCR-ABL (p210) fusion transcript with molecular analysis by Q-RT-PCR. This indicates the importance of this technique in the diagnosis and monitoring the therapy of CML patients.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Inulinase Produced from a local isolate of Aspergillus niger J3
Authors: Awdaa Jasim M.
Published: November 2021

Inulinase was produced from local isolate of Aspergillus niger J3. The inulinase was purified by two steps included precipitation by amonium sulphate at (30-80) % sa-turation and gel filtration on sephadex G100. The final purification folds and the yield of the enzyme were 3.15 times and 28.24%, respectively. The purified enzyme has the following characteristics: The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was 5.5. The enzyme was most stable at pH (4.5 - 6). The optimum temperature for its activity was 45c. The enzyme retained its original activity when incubates at (30-55) c for 20 minutes. Mercury chloride inhibited the enzyme completely at concentration of 10mM, cupper sulphate and calisium chloride inhibited the enzyme at concentrations of 85% and 7% respectively. It was revealed that the enzyme had the efficiency to hydrolyze 87% of 5% inulin solution when treated at 45c for 120 min.
The Effect of different crude methanolic extracts against some gram negative pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Farhan Hussain Ali
Published: November 2021

This present study was conducted to evaluated the antibacterial activity of crude extracts (Methanolic) of punica granatum peel, Menthe longifolia and Olea eurpeae leaves against some gram negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pnemunoniae. The Agar-well diffusion was used to know the ability of inhibititory of crude extracts against bacteria. Results showed different susceptibility response of bacteria under study. It was observed that Pseudomonas aerugenosa the most susceptible to Methanolic extracts to all plants in (25, 50) mg/ml-1 concentrate. While the bacterial strains shown no responding against mint and pomegranate extracts in 10 mg/ml-1 except Pseudomonas aerugenosa and Escherichia coli, was inhibited with Olive extracts only. That ability to inhabitation less in concentrate 10 mg ml-1.
Cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Portulaca Oleracea L. on some cell lines
Authors: Mohammad Maeda H. , Abdul-Gany Zaynab S. , Hassan Aymen A.
Published: November 2021

he cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. was tested in vitro against the cancer cell AMN3 (Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma cell line) and the normal cell REF (Rat Embryo Fibroblasts). Proliferation was significantly reduced at high concentrations (300-1000 µg/ml) during the first 24 hrs. of contact on AMN3. while the extract showed no significant effect during different period time of exposure as compared with control against REF cells.
Effects of propolis extract on growth of Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoites) in vitro
Authors: Ardalan Naksheen M. , Mushref Ekhlas , Ahmed Zahra’a Abdul-Raheem
Published: November 2021

Amoebiasis is the third leading cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide. The causative protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, is a potent pathogen. Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by bees from vegetable sources and it has a therapeutic properties have been investigated in this work. So we evaluated the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) on Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite growth. Propolis inhibited the growth of E.histolytica trophozoites and the level of inhibition varied according to the extract concentration and incubation times, it also showed a marked activity on cell lysis of trophozoite. The highest reduction of parasite growth was observed in culture exposed to (25,50 mg/ml) of propolis, in all incubation periods (24,48 )h. Growth reduction by 76 % was observed in 12.5 mg/ml propolis-treated culture, while the concentrations of (25, 50) mg/ml were able to inhibit growth by more than 90%. Light microscopic study showed morphological changes in E.histolytica trophozoites.
Effect of Iraqi probiotic supplementation on body Weight Gain and some blood parmeters of Awassi Lambs fed different
Authors: Hassan S. A. , Tawffek J. A. , Ahmed A. A.
Published: November 2021

in this study, twenty four individual Awassi male lambs (mean body weight 17.05 kg and 3-4 months of old) were used to investigate the effect of three ratios of alfalfa hay to reed silage (40:0, 20: 20 and 0: 40 AH: RS ratios) fed with two levels of Iraqi probiotic (IP) (0 and 7.5 g IP / kg DM) on blood cholesterol concentration (BCC), blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUNC) and blood globulin concentration(BGC). The diets were formulated as DM to give a 40 parts alfalfa hay or/and reed silage and 60 parts concentrate. Within 2-3 days before end of the period trial, blood samples were taken during 0, 6, 12 and 24 hr. post morning feeding for measuring BCC, BUNC and BGC. No differences among treatments were found in daily feed intake for all nutrients. Different AH: RS ratios have no effect on live weight gain (LWG), BCC, BUNC and BGC. However, lambs fed diets supplemented with IP tended to increase in their LWG and significantly reduce BGC and BUNC (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) as compared with those fed diets without IP. While, IP supplementation had no effect on BCC. In conclusion, during 0, 6, 12 and 24 hr. post morning feeding AH: RS ratios had no effect on BCC, BUNC and BGC. Inconclusion, IP supplementation was associated with higher LWG and lower BUN concentration.
Isolation and characterization E. coli O157:H7 from meat &cheese and detection of Stx1, Stx2, hlyA, eaeA by using multiplex PCR
Authors: Ahmed Shatha T. , Jasim Amina N. , Ali Ayad M.
Published: November 2021

total of 189 samples were collected from 74 raw uncooked minced beef meat, 115 local white cheeses from 3 different areas in Baghdad. All samples were surveyed and examined for the presence of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 and differentiate it from other Non -Sorbitol Fermenting Escherichia coli (NSF E. coli). The Bacterial isolates were identified by using morphological diagnostic methods; Samples were cultured on liquid enrichment medium, incubated at 41.5Cº for 6 hrs, and then cultured on Cefixime Tellurite -Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (CT- SMAC). 66 non-sorbitol fermenting bacterial isolates were obtained of which 13 were identified as Escherichia coli from (6 meat and 7 cheese samples). By using traditional biochemical tests and Api20E diagnostic system without differentiation between serotype O157:H7 and other NSF E. coli isolates. Four specific biochemical tests (Cellobiose fermentation, β-Glocuronidase production, KCN and Enterohemolysin production) were done to differentiate serotype O157 differentiation from other NSF bacteria. Only 2 isolates belonging to the serotype O157 were obtained of which one isolate from meat and other isolate from cheese. Latex agglutination test for O157 and H7 showed that the 5 isolates gave positive results with both kits. The Bacterial isolates were identified by using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPCR) technology for the presence or absence of 4 genes (Stx1, Stx2, hlyA and eaeA) that encode for main virulence factors to diagnose E. coli O157:H7 isolated from various sources by using specific primers in mPCR. The result showed that gene content variety in two E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 1 from meat contain all 4 genes and other isolate from cheese contains 2 genes: Stx1 and hlyA .
Phenotypic Expression of Type 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae Fimbriae in Escherichia coli HB101
Authors: Selman Ehab D. , Hamza Subhi J. , Al-Nasiri Meelad A.
Published: November 2021

Four selected isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae were tested for adhesion and the results revealed that isolates MK20, MK1, MK2, MK6 displayed adhesive capability with means (76.25 ± 6.0),(75.88 ± 5.13), (69.83 ± 8.43), (27.4±4.65) bacteria/ epithelial cell, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to detect plasmid profile for the four selected isolates. Results showed that all isolates exhibited two bands of small plasmid DNA with molecular size ranged from less than 4kb for the smaller one to more than 12kb for the larger one as compared with DNA molecular size marker )lambda phage restricted with EcoRІ & Hind). Besides two bands of large plasmid DNA were obtained from the isolates MK20, MK1, MK6, but the isolate MK2 didn’t show any band of large plasmid DNA. Transformation of plasmid DNA was performed using standard genetically modified E. coli HB101 strain as the recipient for plasmids of the selected isolates, while E. coli HB101with pBR322 plasmid was used as a positive control. In respect to the adhesion test, it was observed that the transformants, designated as (T1, T2, T6, T20), showed adherence capability of: (54.37±5.38), (48.33±4.475), (43.46±0.625), (33.0±6.71) for the transformants T2, T20, T1, T6, respectively. However, these transformants showed no significant differences in the adherence capability, however, the mean of adhesion capabilities of the transformants were less than that of the wild type isolates.
Influence of different concentrations of Sildenafil Citrate on histological parameters of mice epididymis
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Usama I. M. , Fakhrildin Muhammad-Baqir M-R.
Published: November 2021

sildenafil citrate (SC) is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and maintains a sufficient erection for satisfactory sexual performance. Very limited literatures were published about effects of SC on histological changes of epididymes in human or laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of SC for different administration periods on some histological parameters of mice epididymes. Seventy five male mice (7-8) weeks old, weighing (23-25)g were used in the present study. The possible effect of SC was tested through the treatment groups of mice with different doses of SC (2, 4, 8, 16)mg/Kg body weight, and for different periods (1, 3, 5) weeks. Histological examination of epididymes were carried out and compared with those belong to untreated group. Results revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) in epididymal weight, tubules diameters and thickness of epithelial layer between treated groups and control group. Conclusion in this study, SC has no effect on epididymis histology
Effect of Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffah extract on some pathogenic microorganism
Authors: Abbas Lamees M. R. , Yaaqoub Laith A. , Mahdie Sabah
Published: November 2021

The inhibition activity for the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffah being studied by the wells method on some microorganisms such as Staphelococcus aureous, Streptococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcesens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus fecalus, Klebsiella sp, Candida albicans, Asparaglas niger. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, The results also revealed that, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffah had inhibition effects for all microorganism, the cold aqueous showed the higher inhibition than the hot and alcoholic extracts of the plant on Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecalus at concentration (25,50,75,100)%, The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the plant extract. The results showed that the (MIC) value of all plant extract were (10, 2.5) % on Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli respectively, were the value of (MBC) was (1.25, 5) % for the same bacteria
Viral Infections and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed , Tariq Ghassaq , Albaitushi Abdulatif
Published: November 2021

Type-1-diabetes (T1D) is known to be caused by progressive destruction of pancreatic B-cells, genetic factors are believed to play a major role in the disease development, however, environmental factors are also implicated in the pathogenesis, viruses are one of these factors, as well as triggering beta-cells specific autoimmunity, viruses may cause diabetes by directly infecting and destroying beta-cells, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of T1D. In this work, the relationship between (T1D) and seropositivity to three viruses (CMV, EBV and HCV) have been studied, the sera of 54 T1D patients and controls under the age of 30 from both sexes have been investigate for the presence of IgG antibodies against CMV, EBV and total anti-HCV antibodies (Abs). Results revealed that 94.4% of the T1D patients were infected with CMV, 61.1% were infected with EBV and 35.1% were infected with HCV. While among the control group it was found that 77% were infected with CMV comparing to 92.5% and 3.7% were infected with EBV and HCV, respectively. Out of the 54 diabetics 8 (14.8%) found to be infected with the three viruses while none of the controls found to have such seropositivity. From those results it may be concluded that neither the CMV nor the EBV has a relation with T1D while the infection with HCV may be contributed to T1D since there is a significant difference (p<0.001) between the number of T1D patients and number of controls who have anti-HCV Abs.
A Histological study on the Effect of Allium sativum wattery extract on the Entamoeba histolytica in Albino mice
Authors: Mohamad Ban Jasim , Mahmoud Suhaila H.
Published: November 2021

Twenty four Albino mice with (20-25)gm weight were used to determine the effect of Garlic(Allium sativum) on the cysts and trophozoites stages of Entamoeba histolytica in vivo. The previosly infected mice with E. histolytica were demonstrated with two doses (0.01, 0.03) ml of garlic wattery extract three times daily for a period of 7 days.The results showed that the garlic wattery extract was very effective to eliminate the numbers of cysts and trophozoites of E. histolytica in mice, the highest percentage of killing was recorded with dose of 0.03 ml which were 97.78 % for trophozoites and 89.59 % for cysts.
Study the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in ectopic pregnancy in Iraqi women
Authors: Abdullah Farah Thamer
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Chlamydia trachomatis as a risk factor in ectopic pregnancy in Iraqi women. The study involves two groups, the first group included 24 women diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, while the second group included 24 women as control group diagnosed as normal pregnancy. Both groups were admitted to Al-Elweya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad from November 2009 to July 2010. Serum antichlamydial antibodies were investigated in both studied groups using enzyme_linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results revealed a significant(p<0.05) percentage of IgG antichlamydial antibodies in women detected as ectopic pregnant, as compared with control normal pregnant (45 vs. 8.3%). On the other hand, ectopic pregnant women exhibited low (p<0.05)IgM antichlamydial antibodies 4% as compared with control group. In conclusion all women with seropositive to Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
The Effect of Crude Alcoholic Extract of Fenugreek Seeds Trigonella foenum on Prolactin and Luteinizing hormone in Male Rabbits
Authors: Haba Mukhtar Kh. , Al-Obaidi Sabah A. R. , Al-Jubory Rana I. M.
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effect of crud alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on the levels of Prolactin and Leutinizing hormones in male rabbits. Forty eight male rabbits were used in this study. The animals were divided into four main groups; the first group received 1ml of DW (control), while the other three groups received )25, 50,75( mg /kg /day. These main groups were subdivided into three sub groups, according to the period of treatment (15, 30, 45) day, and they were labeled A, B, C, respectively. Blood samples were collected every 15 day for hormonal investigation. Treating with crud alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds, leads to significant (P<0.05) increase in the mean of body and liver weight, in all groups (25, 50, 75) mg/ml and during all treating periods (15, 30, 45) day. The result showed no significant changes in the mean weight of kidney, in all main groups treated for 15 and 30 days, while groups treated with 50 and 75 mg/ml for 45 days, showed significant (P<0.05) increase. No significant changes were observed in the levels of Prolactin in all treated animals for 15 days, but significant (P<0.05) increase were observed in groups received 75 mg/ml for 30 days, and 50, 75 mg/ml treated for 45 days. Leutinizing hormone also didn’t show any significant changes, in all groups treated for 15 days, while significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in all animals treated for 30 and 45 days. We can conclude from these result, that the crud alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds, caused an increase in the mean of body, and Prolactin levels, but caused decreased in the levels of Leutinizing hormone.
Effect of media composition (carbon and nitrogen sources) on the production of bioemulsifier from Serratia marcescens S10
Authors: Ahmed Entissar Faroun , Hassan Shatha Salman
Published: November 2021

he effect of different cultural conditions on production of bioemulsifier from Serratia marcescens S10 was determined; different carbon and nitrogen sources were used such as: different oils include: edible (vegetable) oils (olive oil, sesame oil, sun flower oil and corn oil) and heavy oils (oil 150, oil 60, oil 40) as carbon sources and (NH4Cl, casein, (NH4)2SO4, peptone, tryptone, gelatin and yeast extract) as nitrogen sources were added to production media. Bioemulsifier was estimated by measuring the surface tension (S.T), emulsification activity (E.A) and emulsification index (E24%). The best results of bioemulsifier production from Serratia marcescens S10 were obtained at pH8 and incubated at 37ºC for 5days, using sesame oil as carbon source: surface tension (S.T) was reduced from 67 to 41 mN/m and with emulsification index (E24%) of 92% and emulsification activity (E.A) 0.3 and when used ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source: highest results for the isolate S10: S.T was decreased from 67 mN/m to 24 mN/m, E24% = 88%, E.A = 0.28.
Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Glucose/ Leptin ratio in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Baban Rayah Sulaiman , Ibrahem Zeina Ismael , Al-Karawi Isam Noori
Published: November 2021

o study the association of serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different durations, and to predict their effect on their renal function. A case control study was conducted in the International Diabetic Center at Al-Mustansiryia University in Baghdad-Iraq from 1st September 2008 to the 30th of July 2010. One hundred and eight male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were introduced in this study. Fifty three healthy subjects were used as a control. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, leptin, urea, creatinine and body mass index were estimated in both patient and control groups. Fifty three 49.07% out of 108 were diabetic for ≤2 years, while 55 patient 50.93% were diabetic >2 years. All patients were obese while healthy control subjects were not. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels were found elevated in patients group while in control group their levels were found within normal range. Both urea and creatinine were also within the normal range for patients and control groups. Level of albumin in urine of patients with diabetes mellitus for ≤ 2years was found normal while in those with 3 to 6 or more than 6 years of DM, level of urinary albumin was found within the micro rang. A positive correlation with highly significant p value (<0.01) was found between patients (≤ 2 years and >2 years) serum leptin, glucose/leptin ratio and microalbuminuria. Conclusions: a strong association was found between serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients which can be used to predict the efficiency of their renal function at different durations and can be used as additional marker for the diagnosis of early stage of nephropathy.
Development of SYBR Green Real time PCR for identification methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Kareem Noor Hashim , Sabbah Majeed Arsheed , Ibraheem Anas Noori , Said Al-Shayma’a Muhammad
Published: November 2021

The increasing resistance of staphylococci to ß -lactam antibiotics has become a major clinical problem. Development of rapid and sensitive techniques for detection of MRSA is an important aim for public health. A duplex PCR were established for specific identification of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples. In this work a duplex SYBR Green real time PCR was developed for rapid identification of MRSA in local methicillin-resistance S. aureus isolates. Twenty methicillin-resistance S. aureus isolates, as determined by disc diffusion method, were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Two genes were amplified successfully, mecA (533bp) and femA (314bp), as targets for methicillin-resistance and specific identification of S. aureus, respectively using conventional PCR. Sensitivity of the duplex PCR showed that the minimum concentration of DNA that gave positive results for the two genes was 30ng/µl. In order to develop rapid and sensitive test for identification of MRSA, serial dilutions of purified DNA were amplified gradually according to their concentrations using SYBR Green real time PCR. These results indicated that the SYBR Green real time PCR can be used for identification of methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical
Study of Inhibitory agent produced by Streptococcus thermophilus on growth and Biofilm formation for some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Salman Jehan A.S. , Khalaf Khawlah J. , Al-Marjani Mohammed F.
Published: November 2021

Inhibitory activity of Streptococcus thermophilus unconcentrated and concentrated filtrate was studied against some pathogenic bacteria included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureu, Escherichia coli. Inhibitory activity of protein that extracted from S. thermophilus concentrated filtrate was studied after precipitate by ammonium sulphate and inhibitory activity of lipophilic fraction that extracted from concentrated filtrate with chloroform-methanol (1:1 vol/ vol) was studied against pathogenic bacteria. Also inhibitory activity of biosurfactant produced by S. thermophilus was studied against growth and biofilm formation for pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that unconcentrated and concentrated filtrate had inhibitory activity against all pathogenic bacteria. Also protein and lipophilic fraction had inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria, while the biosurfactant show inhibitory activity against growth of all pathogenic bacteria but show inhibitory effect on biofilm formation only for pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.
Callus Cultures derived from electrotreated cell suspension of Dianthus caryophyllus L. embedded in agar drops express their totipotency
Authors: Zedan Sahla Mohammed , Rasheed Djamela Haza’a
Published: November 2021

Callus cultures were produced from leaf, excised from axenic carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus L. seedling, on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1 of 2,4-D and 0.1 mgl-1 of BA. Cell suspension was initiated in liquid MS medium containing the above growth regulators. This suspension reported the density of 143 × 103 cell /ml and its viability was ranged between 41-90%. Samples of cell suspension represents seven different densities were exposed to three electrotreatment 300v/50 msec, 500v/100msec. and 700v/150 msec. These electrotreated samples were cultured by embedding in to agar drops in solid- liquid cultures. Callus derived from cell suspension expressed their totipotency forming carnation plants.
Heat shock enhanced nucleic acids, proteins content and specific activity of thymine nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes in stem callus of Sesamum indicum L.
Authors: Al- Taee Nihal E. , Abood Sajida A. , Al-Mallah Mozahim K.
Published: November 2021

The present study revealed that exposure of stem derived callus of Sesamum indicum L. that grown on initiation medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 1.0 mg L-1) + benzyl adenine BA 2.0 mg L-1 to 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50◦ C as short term heat shock stHS 5,10 min. and long term heat shock ltHS 15, 20min. enhanced a desirable changes of callus growth. Moreover, the amounts of nucleic acids DNA, RNA, proteins and the specific activity of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and serine hydroxy methyl transeferase (SHMT) enzymes were also increased. The heat shock treatment 40◦ C/15 min. gave the best effect in amount of both DNA and RNA that increased to 95 and 949 µg/g compared to control 58 and 550µg/g callus fresh weight respectively. Total protein was also increased to2.85 mg/g compared to control 1.47 mg/g. Maximum specific activities of TS, DHFR and SHMT enzymes were recorded 3.41, 0.97, 0.31µmol/min/mg protein respectively compared with control 1.70, 0.43, 0.13µmol/min/mg protein. Whereas, heat shock treatments 45 and 50◦ C of both tearms reduced each of callus fresh weight, DNA, RNA amount, and decreased the specific activities of the above enzymes.
Role of magnesium ions on Improvement of Fermentative activity of local yeast isolates Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production
Authors: Shalesh F. J. , Ali F. R. , Frahan S. R. , Mahmood S. A. , Mari A. M.
Published: November 2021

The interest in bio-ethanol increase as biofuel, it seems to be a good alternative for fossil fuels. The growth of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is influence in micronutrient like ions. This research aims to evaluate the influence different amount of magnesium as co-enzyme in growth and fermentation of yeast S. cerevisiae which isolated from different local sources. The batch fermentation process was followed at different magnesium concentrations as magnesium chloride at incubation temperature 30C○ and pH 4.5, best supplement concentration was 1.25 gm/l by measuring the mass of the released carbon dioxide. Supplement media with magnesium prolonged exponential growth, reduced the decline in fermentation activity resulting in reduced the time required for the conversion glucose into ethanol.
Effect of kinds Sacks which treatment by the fruits extracts concentration of the fruits of Melia azedarach and Actellic insecticide on protection seeds Rice from Oryzaephilus Surinamensi L.
Authors: Cheyed S. H. , Mahmood E. A. , Mamdouh H. M.
Published: November 2021

This study has been conducted to knowing the effect of different concentration of alcoholic extract 2,4,12% and the cold aqueous extract 12,15,25, 23% of the fruits of Melia azedarach on the ability of the adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis to penetrate the filling sacks (jute and poly propline)and on them the loss percentage in the seeds rice weight of the stored grains. Aqueous have shown the lowest percentage of losing weight of the seeds that were sacked in poly propline sacks that where treated with the alcoholic extract at the concentration of 12% which was 1.88% where by the cold watery extract has given the lowest percentage of losing weight of the sacked seed at the concentration of 35% which was1.02%after six months of storage when treaded jute sacks with insecticide actellic at concentration 0.01% (recommend concentration) has given the lowest percentage of losing weight of sacked seed was 0.36% after 6 months of treatment. Therefore we suggest using the treated with the alcoholic extract at the concentration of 12% weight of the sacked seed at the concentration of 35%.
Effect of electromagnetic and Ultra Violate rays on production of Cucumis sativus L.
Authors: Al-Jibouri Abedaljasim M. , M. Al-Bassam Suha , A. Al- Saadi Abas
Published: November 2021

Three American cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hybrids namely Lot Number (EM 285), labeled number 1, Hybrid super Green F1, labeled number 2 and Hybrid Top CAEEN F1, labeled number 3 were studied. Seeds of these hybrids were exposed to four frequencies of electric current (0, 1, 2, 2.5 ) amber(Am.) for 5 minutes and four periods of exposure for ultra-violate rays (UV) at 224 nanometer (nm) for (0,30,60 and 90) second. The treated seeds were sown on 2010 in open field that prepared and fertilized. The effect of electronic current Am and UV on the production of these hybrids was studied. Flowers number/ plant were recorded after 35 days of sowing; length, radius and weight of fruit were recorded after 46 days of sowing. Results showed significant differences between the hybrids in the studied parameters. Hybrid 3 showed a significant increase compared with hybrids 1 and 2 since it gave the highest number of flowers (19.97 flowers. Plant-1), tallest fruit length and radius of fruit (14.09 and 7.93 cm.fruit-1 respectively) and highest fruit weight 46.97 gm.fruit-1. While hybrid 2 gave 16.72 flower.plant-1, 10.35 cm.fruit-1, 5.72.fruit-1 cm (length and radius of fruit respectively ) and 30.2 g.fruit-1.The results also indicated a significant interaction between electric current and UV in all studied parameters. The 2 Am frequency and 60 sec of UV exposure gave highest flowers number (24.09 flower. plant-1) with an increase 85.16% compared with 2.5 Am frequency and 90 sec. of UV exposure. The results also showed a significant interaction between hybrids, electric current and UV. Hybrid 3 treated with 2 Am and 60 sec exposure gave highest fruit weight 86.33gm.fruit-1 with a significant increase for all tri- interactions.
Study the effect of some acids on the viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae and their growth ability on chitin agar
Authors: Diwan Hussein Magtoff , Abdela Majed Ibrahim , Abas Belasim Ahmed , Keshmer Husein Neayma
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three acids; Citric, Oxalic and Boric acids 0.05% on the viability of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae spores after 1,2, 3 days of exposure 27±1 C° and the growth on chitin agar was obtained after 5 days at 26 ± 1C°.The results showed that the rate of viability of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae with boric acid was 312.3,209,150.3 colony/ml and 318,294.7,157.5 colony/ml respectively during three period time of in comparison with control and spore suspensions with the other acids. Spores of both fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae showed maximum rate of viability in the suspension supplied with citric acid which were 266 and 293.6 colony/ml, respectively after 1day of exposures to this acid in comparison with viability of control and other periods. Spores viability was lost with oxalic acid. On the other hand, control recorded highest rate of radial growth in the control was 1.92, 4.4 cm on the medium chitin agar after 3 days of incubation in comparison with other treatments. Both fungi showed best rate of radial growth 3.12, 1.88cm after 1and 3 days of exposure to citric acid, respectively in comparison with other treatments. There were no such growths on chitin agar after exposure the oxalic acid.
Analysis of common mutation for GALT gene in newborns with galacatosemia Nineveh governorate
Authors: Alhassani Owayes M , Alassie Akeel H. , Saleh Saad G.
Published: November 2021

Iraq contains many diseases that have never been counted or examined, including diseases related to food, which has deteriorated in recent years, and has rapid and direct impact especially on the children category, one of these diseases is galactosemia. Classical galactosemia, deficiency of galac tose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase GALT, is characterized by acute symptoms of hepatomegaly, jaundice, sepsis, cataract, vomiting, and diarrhea and growth retardation. Our previous molecular study showed that the most common mutation of the GALT gene is a missense mutation of Q188R (replacement of glutamine-188 by arginine in exon 6 and N314D mutation replacement of aspargen-314 by aspartic acid) in exon 10. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of diagnosing galacatosemia, and to search for galactosemia mutation Q188R and N314D in Iraqi population. Blood samples were collected from babies admitted to the children's hospitals in Mosul City depending on the clinical symptoms of disease and then serum was taken. Measuring the Galactose-1-Phosphate uridylytransferase GALT enzyme activity and galactose -1- phosphate in serum by ELISA technique was done. DNA samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction endonuclease HpaΙΙ and AvaΙΙ for Q188R and N314D mutation. The results showed a significant decrease in the level of the GALT enzyme in children with galactosemia 21.7 ± 0.45 and among non-diagnosed children 79.93 ± 1.44 compared with control group 160.33 ± 0.93 as well as a significant decrease in the level of the enzyme among mothers 20.5 ± 1.92 was observed. Gal-1-P level was significantly higher in the cases than that of the control group, while that of the not diagnosed children and mothers groups showed inconsistent difference. Also the result showed absence allele frequency for Q188R mutation and present allele frequency for N314D mutation in Iraqi population. In conclusions It is possible to depend on measurement of Galactose-1-Phosphate as indicator in the diagnosis of Galactosemia in newborn, the main mutation in GALT gene causes galactosemia is N314D in Iraqi population.
Ability of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans to produce polysaccharide (pullulan) with presence of different Carbon and Nitrogen sources
Authors: Al_dabbagh Zahraa Ibraheem Muhammed , Kassim Muhammed Basheer Ismaeil
Published: November 2021

The effect of incubation period, different carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of the extracellular polysaccharide pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulansNRRL58560 was examined. The results showed that the maximum production of pullulan was obtained 13.76 after 96 hours of incubation. Sucrose as a carbon source gave the highest production of pullulan 31.92 g/l while the highest biomass was obtained when starch was used as a carbon source 16.30 g/l. The amino acid glycine as a nitrogen source gave the highest production of pullulan 34.61 g/l and the highest production of biomass 14.49 g/l was obtained when ammonium chloride was used.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection among Thalassemia patients in Ninavha Governorate/Iraq
Authors: Khaled Mohamad D.
Published: November 2021

Regular blood transfusion in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia, particularly thalassemia, has improved their overall survival, but carries a definite risk of acquisition of blood-borne virus infection. Between march 2012 until May 2012, a total of 480 blood samples were collected from B thalassemia major patients attending thalassemia center in Ibn-Alatheer hospital in Ninavha governorate. out of 480 patients 273 (57%) males and 207 (43%) females. 50 out of 480 (10.4%) patients were found Anti- HCV positive, 44 out of 50 (88%) were found HCV RNA positive among Anti- HCV positive patients, 2 out of 480 (0.4%) were found HBSAg positive, and no any Case were reported from HIV positive among patients. The prevalence of HCV infection is much higher compared to HBV and HIV infection due to possibly infected blood transfusion among thalassemia major patients.
The effects of intracellular and extracellular compound produced by Gloeocapsa punctata against Bacteria and detection on some fatty acids
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Ghaidaa H. , Shawket Duaa S. , Laftah Ali R.
Published: November 2021

In this study Gloeocapsa punctata was isolated, purified and identified from the object of the home garden in Zayouna. BG-11 culture media was used for their cultivation in suitable laboratory conditions 25c°, 200µE/m2/sec for 16:8 hrs. Light: dark. Each culture was harvested at the end of exponential phase. Organic solvents used for extraction was Chloroform: methanol at 2:1 to extract, study aims to test the effectiveness of extracted interacellular (biomass) and overseas cellular Extracellular filtrate cellular and used solvent organic (Chlorferom: Methanol 95%) and by 1:2 and test their effectiveness against 10 strains of bacteria which: Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidiss, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexeneri and Serratia sp. Agar diffusion method was used. Results showed that the extracellular products which extracted was best than intercellular product.The gram positive bacteria studied revealed higher susceptibility to attack by the intracellular and extracellular extracts comparing with the gram negative bacteria. The extracellular extraction revealed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidiss the of inhibition zone was 28 mm. But the intercellular extract revealed higher antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium and the average inhibition zone was 22 mm. However, results showed that gram negative bacteria extracellular products extract has the antagonistic activity against Klebsilla pneumonia with 25 mm inhibition zone. Also been detected on some fatty acids produced by the algae G. punctata which Palmitic, Stearic, Arachidic, Linoleic and Linolenic. The highest rate is fatty acid Linoleic 57% of the extract intercellular while the rate of 30% of the acid fatty Arachidic to intercellular abroad.
Study the Antimicrobial effect of Kombucha tea on bacteria isolated from Diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: AL-Kalifawi E. J.
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted from January to March 2012. In this study colorimetric VITEK-2 Compact system used for its accuracy and rapidity to identify isolates and to detect several antimicrobial resistances.The study also investigate the antibacterial effect of Kombucha tea on isolated bacteria from diabetic foot ulcer. The bacteria isolated were eight gram negative bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter baumannii 3 (2%), Enterobacter cloacae 5 (4%), Escherichia coli 13 (10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 7 (6%), Citrobacter spp. 4 (3%), Proteus mirabilis 3 (2%), Proteus vulgaris 3 (2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 (35%). Four gram positive bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis 6 (5%), Staphylococcus aureus 17 (13%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 13 (10%) and Streptococcus spp. 9 (8%). The antimicrobial activities of antibiotics showed that, all isolates are sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin. The resistance to other types of antimicrobial differ with different isolate. The effect of Kombucha tea on all isolates wasclear at 7days of incubation; the diameter of inhibition was 6mm for Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis. 7mm for Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp. 8mm for Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum activity of fermented tea was recorded at 14days incubation of Kombucha organism against all isolates, the diameter of inhibition was 21mm for Acinetobacter baumannii, 24mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 23mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp., 16mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 22mm for Citrobacter spp. and Enterococcus faecalis, 25mm for Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, 20mm for Proteus vulgaris, 26mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of Kombucha tea decrease with increase incubation periods28 days.
Effect of Aspirin on Sperm Specification and Some Hematological Parameters in Male Albino White Rat
Authors: Al-Taei Bilal S. D.
Published: November 2021

Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups, the first group was given aspirin at a dose of 25 mg / kg orally and twice a day, the second group dosage was 125 mg / kg at the same way, the third set group which considered as control was treated with physiological saline, each group took 0.5 ml amount. The period of experience took four weeks at the end of the experience, in the day 29the animals were anesthetized and eradicated the epididym is and calculated the total number of sperm and percentages of viable and dead sperm as well as the percentages of motile and non-motile sperm, the blood was taken for hematological tests, results confirmed the existence of a decreased significant value (P<0.01) in the total number of sperm of the 2nd group compared with control group and the decline value was less significant (p<0.05) in the first group compared with control group. In addition a significant value (P<0.01) increased in the percentage of dead sperm and non-motile sperm, also a significant value (p <0.01) decreased in the percentage of viable sperm and motile sperm, while the results proved the existence of a significant value (p<0.05) reductions in PCV, Hb, TWBC and monocyte values compared with control group. effect of aspirin on the male reproductive system may be due to being a Prostaglandins inhibitor, and These findings probably indicate that aspirin have deleterious effect on the blood chemistry of male albino rats.
Detection of biological active substances and lipase inhibitors from aqueous extracts of some legumes in comparison with Orlistat drug
Authors: Al- Khafaji K. A. A. , Omran S. G. , Hasan Manal Al-Latef , Salman A. S. , Mahmood S. A. Rheem
Published: November 2021

This research was aimed to determine biological active substances qualitatively in vicia faba, lentil, green peas, soybean, beans, redbean. Lipase inhibitors were screened and compared with orlistat drug. All cold and hot extracts contained both saponin and tannin while polyphenol did not exist in vicia faba and soybean; rating found in all extracts except greenbeas. Tween 80 was used in lipase and lipase inhibitors screening; lipases activity were detected at cold aqoueus extracts of vicia faba, lentil, redbean and beans while heat stable lipase detected at vicia faba hot extract only. Extracts of Green peas, soy beans and chick pea lacking lipase activity. Qualitative and quantitative determination of lipase inhibitors activity showed that soybean and chick pea gave the highest lipase inhibition. Each extract caused 100% inhibition with 472.5 unit/ml compared with 85% inhibition for 12 mg/ ml of orlistat.
Study antioxidant activity in Thalassemia Iraqi patients
Authors: Darweesh Majida Jummaah
Published: November 2021

The aims of this study was to estimate the total antioxidant activity level in serum among the Thalassemia Iraq patients. We estimated total free radical scavenging activity in the120 serum of Thalassemic patients their age range from 2-27years. The DPPH activity of serum ranged from 0.1-3.11µmol/ml, the mean serum level of total antioxidants in Thalassemia patients was significantly lower than the control group, and no relation to age or sex. We concluded that DPPH is useful for evaluating the total antioxidant capacity.
The inhibition of genotoxicity effect of Methotrexate(MTX) in human lymphocyte in vitro using aqueous extract of Rosmari nusofficinalis
Authors: Abass Ali A. Abdul , Al-A’adhmi Mohammad A. , Al-Awadi Baraa Q.
Published: November 2021

In vitro experiments were designed to investigate the role of aqueous extract of Rosmari nusofficinalisin the inhibition of genotoxic effect of methotrexate (MTX) in human lymphocyte. Mitotic index MI, chromosomal Aberation CA used us cytogenetic tests to detect the inhibition of genotoxic effect of Methotrexate using two concentration. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Rosmari nusofficinalis inhibited the genotoxic effect of Methotrexate in human lymphocyte. As well as the exposure of cells to aqueous extract before expose to Methotrexate T1 had a high inhibitory efficiency comparing with the combined exposureto the extract & Methotrexate together T2 and the exposure to the Methotrexate before extract. According to our obtained results it could be the aqueous extract of Rosmari nusofficinalis considereds as a antimutagene agent (Desmutagen) in first place and as a antimutagene agent (Bioantimutagene) in second place.