bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the conservation status of and challenges facing Asiatic black bears and Malayan sun bears in Bangladesh
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Debbarma Haris , Ahmed Sultan , Chowdhury Amarta Galib , Zakir Tania , Sarafat Khondokar Newaz M.D. , Sharma Sandeep
Published: December 2024

South of 25°N, the rugged, riparian, mixed evergreen forests of eastern Bangladesh mark the western edge of the ranges of the globally Vulnerable Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus and sun bear Helarctos malayanus. According to the IUCN Red List, the distribution of bears in Bangladesh is unclear: black bears are described as ‘scattered’ and ‘likely to be very low in number’ and sun bears as ‘vagrants’ entering from the adjoining north-east Indian forests. These statements are not based on any population or habitat assessments, impeding focused research and conservation investment. We compiled recent evidence of bear presence in Bangladesh based on camera trapping, literature reviews and analysis of media reports. From peer-reviewed and grey literature published during 2010–2022 we traced 43 verifiable accounts of black bears in the country. Our camera-trap survey in Rajkandi Reserve Forest produced the first ever evidence of a small population of black bears in north-eastern Bangladesh. Two field studies (in 2016 and 2021) reported camera-trap observations and multiple incidents of poaching of sun bears in Kassalong Reserve Forest and Sangu-Matamuhuri Reserve Forest in south-eastern Bangladesh. Media reports on conflict incidents presented 83 human casualties (80 injured, three dead) and 13 bear casualties (six dead, seven rescued) during 2003–2023. The incidents peaked in the summer (17); 79% were reported during 2018–2023. Cognizant of the fact that the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, our study calls for systematic conservation measures for both of these bear species in unprotected hill forests in eastern Bangladesh.
Striatal and peripheral dopaminergic alterations related to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Kai-Chun , Yang Bang-Hung , Lan Chen-Chia , Liu Mu-N , Chou Yuan-Hwa
Published: December 2024

Background

Cognitive impairment, a major determinant of poor functioning in schizophrenia, had limited responses to existing antipsychotic drugs. The limited efficacy could be due to regional differences in the dysregulation of the dopamine system. This study investigated striatal and peripheral dopaminergic makers in schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive impairment.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) participated. We evaluated their cognitive performance, examined the availability of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) using single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT, and measured plasma levels of dopaminergic precursors (phenylalanine and tyrosine) and three branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) that compete with precursors for brain uptake via ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Schizophrenia patients exhibited lower cognitive performance, decreased striatal DAT availability, and reduced levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the ratio of phenylalanine plus tyrosine to BCAA. Within the patient group, lower DAT availability in the left caudate nucleus (CN) or putamen was positively associated with attention deficits. Meanwhile, lower tyrosine levels and the ratio of phenylalanine plus tyrosine to BCAA were positively related to executive dysfunction. Among all participants, DAT availability in the right CN or putamen was positively related to memory function, and plasma phenylalanine level was positively associated with executive function.

Conclusions

This study supports the role of dopamine system abnormalities in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The distinct associations between different dopaminergic alterations and specific cognitive domain impairments suggest the potential need for multifaceted treatment approaches to target these impairments.
Organisational outputs of administrative reforms: disability in Danish job centres
Authors: Kjeldsen Lena , Amby Finn , Agergaard Torben Esbo
Published: November 2024

Employment rates of people with and without disabilities differ substantially in most countries, and policymakers have tried, with mixed effects, to reduce this gap through different policy measures. However, studies show that governance and managerial reforms also affect implementation of policy. In this study, we examine how the Danish large-scale administrative reform of 2007 has affected the role and structure of the approach of the public employment system (PES) to unemployed people with disabilities. Using Pollitt and Bouckeart’s framework on reform effects, we report on a document analysis of policy papers and a 2019 survey of caseworkers and disability keypersons (N = 453). The analysis identifies few and vague objectives on a process and systems level, with the overall goal being more coherent service delivery. Specifically, a new division of tasks between the state and municipal level was established, including the creation of a disability keyperson at the municipal level to inform and guide job centre colleagues in assisting unemployed with disabilities. In practice, most of the keypersons were doing administrative casework and placed in sections focussed on unemployed with a reduced work ability. Hence, we identify a mismatch between objectives and implementation, questioning whether service delivery has become more coherent.
How and why does relational welfare work to support young people not in employment, education or training (NEET)? A realist evaluation
Authors: Jonsson Frida , Norvell Gustavsson Isa
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to understand how and why relational welfare works to support young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). It builds on research discussing the limitations of work-first and human capital strategies in social policy while responding to calls for theory-driven insights into initiatives that move beyond employability and rapid employment. The material for this realist evaluation includes programme documents, fieldnotes and 75 interviews with practitioners and participants in community-based multicomponent initiatives delivered by Swedish municipalities. These data were scrutinised against programme theories while integrating literature on relational welfare as underpinned by co-creation and capability approaches. The results illustrate how flexible, challenging and coordinated programming strengthen beings and doings of young people in NEET situations while improving their wellbeing by overcoming isolation and forming a future orientation. The study provides guidance for supporting NEET-situated young people through a relational approach to welfare. It also offers a model against which local initiatives provided to a youth group high on the policy agenda can be mapped.
The transition of assessing health technologies to social interventions in Sweden
Authors: Söderholm Werkö Sophie , Mattsson Titti , Tranæus Sofia , Östlund Pernilla , Sundell Knut
Published: November 2024

Since the 1970s the Swedish government has been promoting social work based on research into methods which work in practice for practitioners and patients. In 2015, the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU), a government agency instigated in 1987, was commissioned to expand its remit, to review empirical research on social work interventions and to disseminate the results to stakeholders. SBU was then renamed The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). This article describes the fusion of health technology assessment (HTA) and Social Intervention Assessment (SIA), including advantages and challenges.
How to Make Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Safer
Authors: Villiger Daniel
Published: December 2024

Classic serotonergic psychedelics are experiencing a clinical revival, which has also revived ethical debates about psychedelic-assisted therapy. A particular issue here is how to prepare and protect patients from the vulnerability that the psychedelic state creates. This article first examines how this vulnerability manifests itself, revealing that it results from an impairment of autonomy: psychedelics diminish decision-making capacity, reduce controllability, and limit resistance to external influences. It then analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of five safety measures proposed in the literature, what aspect of the patient’s vulnerability they seek to reduce, and how they can be optimized. The analysis shows that while preparatory sessions, advance directives, and specific training and oversight are useful, starting with a lower dosage and no therapy is less so. Finally, the article presents a safety measure that has been overlooked in the literature but could be highly effective and feasible: bringing a close person to the psychedelic session.
Delayed primary arterial switch for a rare and unusual variant of transposition of great arteries with posterior aorta
Authors: Bhosale Pankaj , Saraf Rahul , Naik Abhijeet
Published: December 2024

Though initially described in 1971 by Van Praagh, transposition of great arteries with posterior aorta is rarely reported in last two decades. Since the arrangement of great arteries appears like normally related great arteries, a careful echocardiographic evaluation is necessary in patients with clinical features of transposition of great arteries. In majority of cases with this anatomy, arterial switch operation can be performed without the need of Le Compte manoeuvre.
A Scale to Assess Will to Hasten Death in Terminal and Nonterminal Incurable Patients
Authors: Pereira Helena P. , Simões Mário R. , Marina Sílvia , Ricou Miguel
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Evaluating what motivates a patient to request hastened death is a complex yet necessary task. This assessment requires a deep understanding of how terminal and nonterminal incurable patients feel, what might prompt them to request a hastened death, and the potential withdrawal of such a request. Methods: We developed a new evaluation instrument to assess the will to hasten death, based on the most rigorous and current literature in this area. We then discussed the experimental version of the scale with 18 specialists in palliative care. Results: This study presents the two phases of the developmental process of the Will to Hasten Death Evaluation Scale (WHDES). We describe the steps for developing the scale and present an analysis of the results by specialists in palliative care. Conclusion: We conclude that the consolidated version of the WHDES with 29 items has a robust content validity and is appropriate for proceeding with other validation studies, including psychometric evaluations such as reliability, validity, and structure factor analyses to ensure that the scale not only measures the intended construct effectively but also performs consistently across different patient populations and clinical settings.
Ion Parameters Dataset From Juno/JADE Observations in Jupiter's Magnetosphere Between 10 and 50 RJ
Authors: Wang Jian‐zhao , Bagenal Fran , Wilson Robert J. , Valek Philip W. , Ebert Robert W. , Allegrini Frederic
Published: November 2024

After its arrival at Jupiter in July 2016, Juno conducted a global survey of Jupiter's magnetosphere (especially the equatorial plasma disk region) with its highly eccentric polar orbit. Since then, the JADE instrument has accumulated a large amount of plasma measurements. Using a developed forward modeling method and the Alpine supercomputer cluster at CU Boulder, we fit all ion measurements between 10 and 50 from PJ5 to PJ56, obtaining a dataset with 70,487 good fits that consists of the following set of plasma parameters: abundances of different heavy ions, density, temperature, and 3‐D bulk flow velocity of heavy ions. An overview of the dataset and an example use on flux tube interchange are presented to illustrate its effectiveness and usefulness. In the investigated interchange event that occurred at 14 , the plasma disk is variable and heated, with alternating hotter inflows and colder outflows, accompanied by small perturbations in the magnetic fields. This dataset has the potential for many applications.
A Novel Heat Pulse Method in Determining “Effective” Thermal Properties in Frozen Soil
Authors: Wu Xiao‐long , Zhao Ying
Published: December 2024

Accurate and fast measurements of thermal properties are frequently required for characterizing the heat‐water dynamics in frozen soil. Measuring the thermal properties of frozen soil without inducing ice thaw has proven challenging with conventional heat pulse (HP) methods. In this study, based on an Infinite Line Source (ILS) semi‐analytical model that applies a constant temperature lower than the freezing point at the heat source to prevent the initiation of ice thaw in the frozen soil, we propose a novel HP‐based approach to measure thermal properties, applicable at temperatures below or above 0°C. Laboratory experiments and numerical modeling were utilized to validate the applicability of the approach and optimization strategies of the measurement. We found that the proposed HP‐based approach effectively maintained the maximum spatial temperature below the freezing point and therefore estimated the bulk thermal properties of quartz sand and ice contents. An optimized measurement strategy was proposed to monitor the temperature variations 2–4 cm away from the center of the heat probe after 60 s. This progress can largely facilitate the determination of the thermal properties of multi‐phase and ‐component frozen soil such as thermal conductivity, heat flux, and ice content in cold areas across soil science, hydrology, engineering, and climate science.
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Calder Abigail E. , Hase Adrian , Hasler Gregor
Published: November 2024

Background

Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting effects of ketamine, psychedelics, and other psychoplastogens in humans. However, studies analyzing peripheral BDNF after psychoplastogen exposure show mixed results. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to test whether the rapid upregulation of neuroplasticity seen in preclinical studies is detectable using peripheral BDNF in humans.

Methods

This analysis was pre-registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022333096) and funded by the University of Fribourg. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO to meta-analyze the effects of all available psychoplastogens on peripheral BDNF levels in humans, including ketamine, esketamine, LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, DMT, MDMA, scopolamine, and rapastinel. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools. Using meta-regressions and mixed effects models, we additionally analyzed the impact of several potential moderators.

Results

We included 29 studies and found no evidence that psychoplastogens elevate peripheral BDNF levels in humans (SMD = 0.024, p = 0.64). This result was not affected by drug, dose, blood fraction, participant age, or psychiatric diagnoses. In general, studies with better-controlled designs and fewer missing values reported smaller effect sizes. Later measurement timepoints showed minimally larger effects on BDNF.

Conclusion

These data suggest that peripheral BDNF levels do not change after psychoplastogen administration in humans. It is possible that peripheral BDNF is not an informative marker of rapid changes in neuroplasticity, or that preclinical findings on psychoplastogens and neuroplasticity may not translate to human subjects. Limitations of this analysis include the reliability and validity of BDNF measurement and low variation in some potential moderators. More precise methods of measuring rapid changes in neuroplasticity, including neuroimaging and stimulation-based methods, are recommended for future studies attempting to translate preclinical findings to humans.
Structural alterations as a predictor of depression – a 7-Tesla MRI-based multidimensional approach
Authors: Schnellbächer Gereon J. , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Veselinović Tanja , Ramkiran Shukti , Hagen Jana , Collee Maria , Shah N. Jon , Neuner Irene
Published: November 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with changes in the default-mode network (DMN). Commonly reported features include alterations in gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CoT), and gyrification. A comprehensive examination of these variables using ultra-high field strength MRI and machine learning methods may lead to novel insights into the pathophysiology of depression and help develop a more personalized therapy. Cerebral images were obtained from 41 patients with confirmed MDD and 41 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, using a 7-T-MRI. DMN parcellation followed the Schaefer 600 Atlas. Based on the results of a mixed-model repeated measures analysis, a support vector machine (SVM) calculation followed by leave-one-out cross-validation determined the predictive ability of structural features for the presence of MDD. A consecutive permutation procedure identified which areas contributed to the classification results. Correlating changes in those areas with BDI-II and AMDP scores added an explanatory aspect to this study. CoT did not delineate relevant changes in the mixed model and was excluded from further analysis. The SVM achieved a good prediction accuracy of 0.76 using gyrification data. GMV was not a viable predictor for disease presence, however, it correlated in the left parahippocampal gyrus with disease severity as measured by the BDI-II. Structural data of the DMN may therefore contain the necessary information to predict the presence of MDD. However, there may be inherent challenges with predicting disease course or treatment response due to high GMV variance and the static character of gyrification. Further improvements in data acquisition and analysis may help to overcome these difficulties.
Accelerating ab initio melting property calculations with machine learning: application to the high entropy alloy TaVCrW
Authors: Zhu Li-Fang , Körmann Fritz , Chen Qing , Selleby Malin , Neugebauer Jörg , Grabowski Blazej
Published: November 2024

Melting properties are critical for designing novel materials, especially for discovering high-performance, high-melting refractory materials. Experimental measurements of these properties are extremely challenging due to their high melting temperatures. Complementary theoretical predictions are, therefore, indispensable. One of the most accurate approaches for this purpose is the ab initio free-energy approach based on density functional theory (DFT). However, it generally involves expensive thermodynamic integration using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations. The high computational cost makes high-throughput calculations infeasible. Here, we propose a highly efficient DFT-based method aided by a specially designed machine learning potential. As the machine learning potential can closely reproduce the ab initio phase-space distribution, even for multi-component alloys, the costly thermodynamic integration can be fully substituted with more efficient free energy perturbation calculations. The method achieves overall savings of computational resources by 80% compared to current alternatives. We apply the method to the high-entropy alloy TaVCrW and calculate its melting properties, including the melting temperature, entropy and enthalpy of fusion, and volume change at the melting point. Additionally, the heat capacities of solid and liquid TaVCrW are calculated. The results agree reasonably with the CALPHAD extrapolated values.
GameVibe: a multimodal affective game corpus
Authors: Barthet Matthew , Kaselimi Maria , Pinitas Kosmas , Makantasis Konstantinos , Liapis Antonios , Yannakakis Georgios N.
Published: November 2024

As online video and streaming platforms continue to grow, affective computing research has undergone a shift towards more complex studies involving multiple modalities. However, there is still a lack of readily available datasets with high-quality audiovisual stimuli. In this paper, we present GameVibe, a novel affect corpus which consists of multimodal audiovisual stimuli, including in-game behavioural observations and third-person affect traces for viewer engagement. The corpus consists of videos from a diverse set of publicly available gameplay sessions across 30 games, with particular attention to ensure high-quality stimuli with good audiovisual and gameplay diversity. Furthermore, we present an analysis on the reliability of the annotators in terms of inter-annotator agreement.
Characteristics of cast Ti53.3-xNb10Zr10Ni10Co10Fe6.7Bx compositionally complex alloys
Authors: Alshafey Mostafa , Megahed H. , El-Hadad Shimaa , Sato Hisashi , Z. Mohamed Lamiaa
Published: November 2024

In the current investigation, elemental boron was added to form a series of Ti53.3-xNb10Zr10Ni10Co10Fe6.7Bx Compositionally Complex Alloys (CCAs). Alloying was done via vacuum arc melting in amounts of 0.0, 5.3, and 10.6 at.%. From the thermodynamic parameters, adding B to the base alloy increased the system’s entropy. The microstructure of the prepared CCAs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of CCAs as related to microstructure were assessed. According to XRD results, B-based intermetallic phases were obtained in the prepared CCAs, which were binary as Ti3B4 and ZrB2 and ternary as FeNbB and Nb3Co4B7. These intermetallic phases notably provided strengthening effects to the B-added alloys. Ti48Nb10Zr10Ni10Co10Fe6.7B5.3 CCA showed the most homogenous microstructure obtained by the arc melting process. Adding B increased Young’s modulus from 141 GPa (without B) to 195 GPa and 260 GPa with 5.3 and 10.6 at.%B, respectively. Hardness also increased from 502 to 606 HV with 5.3 at.% B and to 648 HV with 10.6 at.%B. Accordingly, the wear resistance increased with B addition where 10.6 at.%B sample showed the lowest wear rate among the other conditions. However, 5.3 at.% B was nominated as the optimum addition amount due to its notable microstructure homogeneity.
A function-based mapping of sensory integration along the cortical hierarchy
Authors: Wei Wei , Benn R. Austin , Scholz Robert , Shevchenko Victoria , Klatzmann Ulysse , Alberti Francesco , Chiou Rocco , Wassermann Demian , Vanderwal Tamara , Smallwood Jonathan , Margulies Daniel S.
Published: November 2024

Sensory information mainly travels along a hierarchy spanning unimodal to transmodal regions, forming multisensory integrative representations crucial for higher-order cognitive functions. Here, we develop an fMRI based two-dimensional framework to characterize sensory integration based on the anchoring role of the primary cortex in the organization of sensory processing. Sensory magnitude captures the percentage of variance explained by three primary sensory signals and decreases as the hierarchy ascends, exhibiting strong similarity to the known hierarchy and high stability across different conditions. Sensory angle converts associations with three primary sensory signals to an angle representing the proportional contributions of different sensory modalities. This dimension identifies differences between brain states and emphasizes how sensory integration changes flexibly in response to varying cognitive demands. Furthermore, meta-analytic functional decoding with our model highlights the close relationship between cognitive functions and sensory integration, showing its potential for future research of human cognition through sensory information processing.
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses
Authors: Shumanska Magdalena , Lodygin Dmitri , Gibhardt Christine S , Ickes Christian , Stejerean-Todoran Ioana , Krause Lena C M , Pahl Kira , Jacobs Lianne J H C , Paluschkiwitz Andrea , Liu Shuya , Boshnakovska Angela , Voigt Niels , Legler Tobias J , Haubrock Martin , Mitkovski Miso , Poschmann Gereon , Rehling Peter , Dennerlein Sven , Riemer Jan , Flügel Alexander , Bogeski Ivan
Published: December 2024

T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced Ca2+ signals are essential for T-cell activation and function. In this context, mitochondria play an important role and take up Ca2+ to support elevated bioenergetic demands. However, the functional relevance of the mitochondrial-Ca2+-uniporter (MCU) complex in T-cells was not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that TCR activation causes rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake in primary naive and effector human CD4+ T-cells. Compared to naive T-cells, effector T-cells display elevated mCa2+ and increased bioenergetic and metabolic output. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal molecular determinants involved in the TCR-induced functional reprogramming and identify signalling pathways and cellular functions regulated by MCU. Knockdown of MCUa (MCUaKD), diminishes mCa2+ uptake, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, as well as T-cell migration and cytokine secretion. Moreover, MCUaKD in rat CD4+ T-cells suppresses autoimmune responses in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) multiple sclerosis model. In summary, we demonstrate that mCa2+ uptake through MCU is essential for proper T-cell function and has a crucial role in autoimmunity. T-cell specific MCU inhibition is thus a potential tool for targeting autoimmune disorders.
The TRIM37 variant rs57141087 contributes to triple-negative breast cancer outcomes in Black women
Authors: Tihagam Rachisan Djiake , Lou Song , Zhao Yuanji , Liu Kammi Song-Yan , Singh Arjun Tushir , Koo Bon Il , Przanowski Piotr , Li Jie , Huang Xiaosong , Li Hong , Tushir-Singh Jogender , Fejerman Laura , Bhatnagar Sanchita
Published: November 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) disproportionately affects younger Black women, who show more aggressive phenotypes and poorer outcomes than women of other racial identities. While the impact of socioenvironmental inequities within and beyond health systems is well documented, the genetic influence in TNBC-associated racial disparities remains elusive. Here, we report that cancer-free breast tissue from Black women expresses TRIM37 at a significantly higher level relative to White women. A reporter-based screen for regulatory variants identifies a non-coding risk variant rs57141087 in the 5’ gene upstream region of the TRIM37 locus with enhancer activity. Mechanistically, rs57141087 increases enhancer–promoter interactions through NRF1, resulting in stronger TRIM37 promoter activity. Phenotypically, high TRIM37 levels drive neoplastic transformations in immortalized breast epithelial cells. Finally, context-dependent TRIM37 expression reveals that early-stage TRIM37 levels affect the initiation and trajectory of breast cancer progression. Together, our results indicate a genotype-informed association of oncogenic TRIM37 with TNBC risk in Black women and implicate TRIM37 as a predictive biomarker to better identify patients at risk of aggressive TNBC.
Design and synthesis of piperine-based photoaffinity probes for revealing potential targets of piperine in neurological disease
Authors: Shen Li , Yang Yue , Lu Lijun , Huang Jili , He Wen , Zhao Chunfang , Guo Feng , Zhang Chunbo , Zhong Haijun , Liao Fan
Published: November 2024

We designed and synthesized two minimalist photoaffinity probes to investigate the targets of piperine, providing a valuable tool for elucidating the pharmacologic mechanism of piperine.
Smart polymers: key to targeted therapeutic interventions
Authors: Thakkar Divyanshi , Sehgal Rhythm , Narula A. K. , Deswal Deepa
Published: November 2024

Smart polymers represent a class of advanced materials that undergo reversible changes in their physical or chemical form and are known as responsive polymers.
A comparative analysis of structural and luminescence properties of homoepitaxially and quasi-homoepitaxially grown LuAG:Ce single crystalline films under ambient and high pressure
Authors: Markovskyi A. , Syrotych Yu. , Majewska N. , Kamiński M. , Gorbenko V. , Zorenko T. , Wierzbicka A. , Suchocki A. , Mahlik S. , Zorenko Yu.
Published: November 2024

The work is aimed to study the structural and luminescence properties of LuAG:Ce films prepared by the LPE method on LuAG and YAG substrates in homo- and quasi-homoepitaxial growth modes, under ambient and high-pressure conditions.
Chain-based fluorescent TbIII metal–organic framework with good stability as a blue-shift and turn-on sensor toward H2PO4−
Authors: Xu Shi-Xian , Lu Na , Wang Li , Liu Sui-Jun
Published: December 2024

A TbIII metal–organic framework (JXUST-52) based on a benzothiadiazole derivative can selectively and sensitively detect H2PO4− with good recyclability and stability.
Structure and property exploration of two-dimensional, bulk, and cluster lithium sulfide using the IM2ODE method
Authors: Wang Danling , Bai Chenqi , Cao Jian , Wang Yu , Chen Zian , Wang Lei , Xu Lina , Xiao Hongping , Zhang Yueyu , Fang Guoyong
Published: November 2024

New 2D, 3D and cluster structures of Li2S were found by IM2ODE. The stabilities and electronic properties of novel 2D, 3D and cluster structures of Li2S were explored by using DFT calculations.
Theoretical insights into the thermoelectric transport performance of the MoP2Ga2S2 monolayer
Authors: Wang Xin-Yu , Yang Xin , Meng Xiang-Hui , Shen Yan-Qing , Shuai Yong , Ai Qing , Zhou Zhong-Xiang
Published: November 2024

Since the MoSi2N4 monolayer was synthesized experimentally, the family of 2D septuple-layer MoSi2N4-like materials have attracted widespread attention.
Substrate prediction for RiPP biosynthetic enzymes via masked language modeling and transfer learning
Authors: Clark Joseph D. , Mi Xuenan , Mitchell Douglas A. , Shukla Diwakar
Published: December 2024

We trained multiple peptide language models and demonstrated their efficacy at predicting the substrates of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) biosynthetic enzymes.
Unveiling a unique outer-sphere pathway in manganese-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation reaction
Authors: Fan Qing , Yang Cong , Li Mengdi , Wang Guixia , Kong Xiangfei , Zhu Qiping
Published: November 2024

This manuscript explores a novel outer-sphere pathway in manganese-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation, offering theoretical insights into catalyst design through DFT, EDA, and ETS-NOCV analysis.
Unravelling the mechanistic complexity of the oxygen evolution reaction and Ir dissolution in highly dimensional amorphous hydrous iridium oxides
Authors: van der Merwe Marianne , Lee Yonghyuk , Wibowo Romualdus Enggar , Kokumai Tathiana , Efimenko Anna , Arce Mauricio D. , Jimenez Catalina E. , Howchen Benjamin , Suarez Anzorena Rosario , Lucentini Ilaria , Escudero Carlos , Schuck Götz , Kochovski Zdravko , Favaro Marco , Starr David E. , Reuter Karsten , Scheurer Christoph , Bär Marcus , Garcia-Diez Raul
Published: November 2024

Alternative atomistic model describing OER and Ir dissolution in amorphous, hydrous iridium oxides derived from synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies and DFT.
Buried interface engineering enables efficient and refurbished CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Li Huifeng , Huang Hehe , Li Du , Zhang Xuliang , Zhao Chenyu , Zhao Xinyu , Ma Wanli , Yuan Jianyu
Published: November 2024

Interfacial engineering has proven to be extremely important for colloidal quantum dot (QD) solar cells.
Resolving the molecular diffusion model based on butterfly-shaped non-fused ring electron acceptors for efficient ternary organic photovoltaics with improved stability
Authors: Ding Xueyan , Wu Xiaoling , Li Shuixing , Chen Tianyi , Yu Jinyang , Liu Heng , Wang Mengting , Ye Xiu-Kun , Zhang Nuo , Lu Xinhui , Li Chang-Zhi , Zhu Haiming , Shi Minmin , Li Hanying , Chen Hongzheng
Published: November 2024

By developing butterfly-shaped non-fused ring electron acceptors, X7-D and X8-D, the molecular diffusion model was resolved, guiding organic photovoltaics toward higher efficiency and better stability.
In situ copper isotope analysis by femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS) on historical gold coins
Authors: de Palaminy Louise , Poitrasson Franck , Pécheyran Christophe , Barbotin Gaëlle , Louvat Pascale , Bérail Sylvain , Ronzani Anne-Laure , Robbiola Luc , Baron Sandrine
Published: November 2024

Copper isotopes are measured in gold matrix for the first time by LA-MC-ICP-MS with precisions and accuracies sufficient for cultural heritage studies, thanks to a femtosecond laser and the development of a minimally destructive sampling strategy.
From materials to applications: a review of research on artificial olfactory memory
Authors: Guo Liangchao , Han Haoran , Du Chunyu , Ji Xin , Dai Min , Dosta Sergi , Zhou Ye , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2024

Olfactory memory forms the basis for biological perception and environmental adaptation.
Fluorescent metal–organic framework Zn-TCPP for sentinel lymph node imaging in vivo
Authors: Lan Suke , Zhang Chun , Lu Richard L. , Yuan Yue , Zhong Qinmei , Wu Xian , Yang Sheng-Tao
Published: November 2024

Fluorescent metal–organic framework Zn-TCPP migrated into sentinel lymph nodes quickly for naked-eye imaging.
A review on framework (MOF/COF/POP)-based materials for efficient conversion of CO2 to bio-active oxazolidinones
Authors: Rani Pooja , Das Rajesh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: November 2024

This review explores MOFs, COFs, and POPs as advanced framework materials for the efficient conversion of CO2 into bioactive oxazolidinones.
Remote C(sp3)–H acylation of amides under photoredox cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/palladium catalysis
Authors: Lin Xiaoyu , Huang Haoran , Yang Fanyuanhang , Ren Yuxi , Gao Yuzhen , Su Weiping
Published: November 2024

A photoredox cooperative NHC/Pd-catalyzed method to enable C(sp3)–H acylation for the quick construction of α- and γ-keto-amide derivatives from readily available amides and aldehydes is developed.
A review of life cycle assessment and sustainability analysis of perovskite/Si tandem solar cells
Authors: Akram Waseem , Li Xikang , Ahmed Shakeel , Ouyang Zhengbiao , Li Guijun
Published: December 2024

This review aims to provide a review of the life cycle assessment and sustainability of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, and height important directions for future study.
Valorization of polyoxymethylene (POM) waste as a C1 synthon for industrially relevant dialkoxymethanes and cyclic aminals
Authors: Cullen Matthew J. , Davidson Matthew G. , Jones Matthew D. , Stewart Jack A.
Published: December 2024

Two novel methods of upcycling waste polyoxymethylene (POM) are reported, generating dialkoxymethanes by alcoholysis and cyclic aminals by aminolysis. Mixed plastic depolymerizations containing POM were also investigated.
Ultrathin oxygen deficient SnOx films as electron extraction layers for perovskite solar modules
Authors: Lee Jin-Won , Adu Joshua Sraku , Agbenyeke Raphael E. , Laverock Jude , Sheppard Alice , Park Eunyoung , Kim Youngwoong , Hong Soonil , Jeon Nam Joong , Fermin David J. , Park Helen Hejin
Published: November 2024

A plasma-modified ALD (PMALD) approach has been developed for depositing SnOx thin-films with a tunable composition as electron extraction layers in perovskite solar modules using poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) as the hole transport layer.
Functionalities of the LiV3−xNbxO8 surface layer on a Li2NiO2 cathode additive for enhancing the moisture stability and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jung Jaewoo , Byeon Yun Seong , Kim Dongil , Jeong Seong Hee , Song Chang Hoon , Lee Eung-Ju , Oh Seung-Min , Park Min-Sik
Published: November 2024

The highly conductive LiV3−xNbxO8 surface layer effectively minimizes moisture-induced side reactions on the Li2NiO2 cathode additive, reducing interfacial resistance and enhancing its durability.
One-step synthesized iron foam-based NiFe2O4 applied for self-powered water splitting hydrogen production
Authors: Jian Juan , Zhang Yufeng , Wang Zhuo , Zheng Xinxin , Nie Ping , Yang Wanting , Zhang Tianhui , Chang Limin
Published: November 2024

The achieved one-step iron foam-based NiFe2O4 delivers a large current density in electrocatalytic hydrolysis and exhibits ultra-long-life charging–discharging cycling stability when assembled as a zinc–air battery.
Supernova shocks cannot explain the inflated state of hypervelocity runaways from white dwarf binaries
Authors: Bhat Aakash , Bauer Evan B. , Pakmor Rüdiger , Shen Ken J. , Caiazzo Ilaria , Swaruba Rajamuthukumar Abinaya , El-Badry Kareem , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E.
Published: November 2024

Recent observations have found a growing number of hypervelocity stars with speeds of ≈1500 − 2500 km s−1 that could have only been produced through thermonuclear supernovae in white dwarf binaries. Most of the observed hypervelocity runaways in this class display a surprising inflated structure: their current radii are roughly an order of magnitude greater than they would have been as white dwarfs filling their Roche lobe. While many simulations exist studying the dynamical phase leading to supernova detonation in these systems, no detailed calculations of the long-term structure of the runaways have yet been performed. We used an existing AREPO hydrodynamical simulation of a supernova in a white dwarf binary as a starting point for the evolution of these stars with the one-dimensional stellar evolution code MESA. We show that the supernova shock is not energetic enough to inflate the white dwarf over timescales longer than a few thousand years, significantly shorter than the 105 − 6 year lifetimes inferred for observed hypervelocity runaways. Although they experience a shock from a supernova less than ≈0.02 R⊙ away, our models do not experience significant interior heating, and all contract back to radii of around 0.01 R⊙ within about 104 years. Explaining the observed inflated states requires either an additional source of significant heating or some other physics that is not yet accounted for in the subsequent evolution.
Differences between Current Clinical Practice and Evidence-Based Guideline Recommendations Regarding Tocolysis – an Austria-wide Survey
Authors: Enengl Sabine , Rath Werner , Kehl Sven , Oppelt Peter , Mayr Andreas , Stroemer Annika , Eichinger Teresa , Lastinger Julia , Stelzl Patrick
Published: November 2024

To evaluate the adherence of Austrian obstetricians to national guideline recommendations by investigating data on the current practice of tocolysis regarding indications, timing and monitoring of tocolysis, choice of tocolytics and serious side effects, maintenance tocolysis, support of decision-making and recommendations at patient’s discharge from the hospital.

78 obstetric departments in Austria were invited to participate in a nationwide survey between June 5th and August 31st 2023 by answering a web-based questionnaire about clinical standards. The survey was conducted approximately one year after implementation of the AWMF Guideline “Prevention and Therapy of Preterm Birth” 015‑025. Collected data were analyzed descriptively by performing measures of frequency. Fisher’s exact test was used for group comparison.

The response rate was 69.2% (33.3% perinatal centers, 66.7% standard care). The most important indication of tocolysis were ≥ 4 contractions within 20 minutes of CTG tracing, as stated by 26 (48.1%) of the respondents; the AWMF Guideline 015‑025 (2022) was the most important decision-making support for tocolytic treatment (61.1%). 19 (35.2%) of obstetric units started tocolysis earliest at 23 + 0 weeks of gestation. Atosiban was the first-line tocolytic drug used by 43 (79.6%) of obstetric units, followed by nifedipine (n = 7, 13.0%); 49 of 54 obstetric units (90.7%) stated to perform maintenance tocolysis, among these 46 (93.9%) not routinely but on special indications (e.g. placenta previa). Serious side effects were observed by 77.8% of the respondents, mostly associated with the use of hexoprenaline.

Our survey revealed considerable discrepancies between evidence-based guideline recommendations and daily clinical practice in Austrian hospitals.
Changes in Liver Shear Wave Elastography of Preterm Infants during Hospitalization
Authors: Kemmotsu Takahiro , Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Morita Yusuke , Saito Tomoko , Toyoshima Katsuaki
Published: November 2024

Objective Liver evaluation is essential in preterm infants because of exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, the effects of parenteral nutrition, and their organ immaturity. The clinical significance of shear wave elastography (SWE) which measures tissue elasticity, is unclear in preterm infants. For SWE application to liver evaluation in preterm infants, we examined the postnatal course and factors associated with changes.

Study Design We prospectively measured liver SWE values every other week in 37 preterm infants born at 23 to 35 weeks gestation and 12 term infants born after 36 weeks gestation.

Results The median early postnatal liver SWE value was 1.22 (interquartile range, 1.19–1.26) m/s. The correlations of liver SWE values with gestational age and birth weight were r = −0.18 (p = 0.23) and r = −0.21 (p = 0.157), respectively. The median liver SWE values from birth to 36 to 38 postmenopausal weeks were 1.22 (1.17–1.24) m/s at <28 weeks gestation (n = 9), 1.21 (1.18–1.25) m/s at 28 to 29 weeks gestation (n = 11), 1.24 (1.21–1.28) m/s at 30 to 31 weeks gestation (n = 8), and 1.21 (1.20–1.24) m/s at ≥32 weeks gestation (n = 9). There was no change over time in any gestational age group (p = 0.158). The median liver SWE values were 1.22 (1.17–1.25) m/s (n = 10) and 1.22 (1.19–1.25) m/s (n = 27) for small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants, respectively (p = 0.93). The correlations of abnormally high serum concentrations of direct bilirubin (>1.0 mg/dL) and alanine aminotransferase (>12 IU/L) with liver SWE values were r = 0.37 (p = 0.041) and r = 0.21 (p = 0.35), respectively.

Conclusion Liver SWE values may be useful for the evaluation of liver damage with cholestasis in preterm infants because they remain constant regardless of gestational age and birth weight and do not change over time or with a deviation of body size.

Key Points
Utilizing Perforator Propeller Flaps for Donor Site Closure: Harvesting Large Workhorse Flaps without Lingering Concerns
Authors: Han Tinglu , Khavanin Nima , Zang Mengqing , Zhu Shan , Li Shanshan , Chen Zixiang , Jin Shengyang , Liu Yuanbo
Published: November 2024

Background Primary closure of donor sites following large flap harvest may not be feasible. The use of perforator propeller flap (PPF) in this setting is gaining popularity, successfully resurfacing the wound and lessening potential donor-site morbidity. In this study, we aimed to review our experience and outcomes using PPFs in donor-site coverage throughout the body.

Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent one or more PPFs surgery for donor site resurfacing between February 2009 and December 2021. Flap and defect characteristics were summarized. Postoperative complications and perioperative factors were analyzed.

Results Fifty-five patients underwent donor-site reconstruction using 68 PPFs. Of the 55 primary donor sites, 44 were covered with a single PPF, 9 with two PPFs, and 2 with three PPFs. One flap experienced complete necrosis and four flaps experienced distal flap necrosis, leading to an overall complication rate of 9.1%. No risk factors were found to be statistically significantly associated with the complication. All secondary PPF donor sites were closed primarily. During the average follow-up period of 15.1 months, none of the patients developed contour deformities or functional impairments.

Conclusion The PPF technique can be safely and effectively used for donor-site closure with minimal complications. It greatly frees surgeons to harvest a large workhorse flap for demanding soft tissue defect reconstruction.
Sociodemographic Status Impacts Ambulatory Outcomes in Lower Extremity Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Stanton Eloise W. , Manasyan Artur , Roohani Idean , Wolfe Erin , Daar David A. , Carey Joseph N.
Published: November 2024

Background There is a lack of literature regarding the effects of language barriers, socioeconomic status, racial disparities, and travel distance to the hospital on the outcomes of lower extremity (LE) flap reconstruction. Consequently, this study assesses the potential influence of these factors on ambulation within this specific patient demographic.

Methods A retrospective review was performed between 2007 and 2022 of patients who underwent LE reconstruction with tissue flap placement at a single institution. The primary outcome was ambulation status, with cohorts compared between those who were ambulatory versus nonambulatory. Covariates included race, age, gender, primary language, distance from patient home to hospital, socioeconomic status (determined using area deprivation index [ADI]), and flap characteristics. Outcomes were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.

Results A total of 242 patients who underwent LE flap reconstruction during the study period. The average time to final ambulatory status was 7.0 months (standard deviation: 11.0), with 51.7% requiring either a wheelchair or assistance device and 48.4% being fully ambulatory at final follow-up. The average state ADI for the cohort was 5.8, with Hispanic patients having significantly higher deprivation indexes (6.3 vs. 5.6, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that when controlling for numerous covariates, patients in the highest 15th percentile of deprivation were significantly less likely to be fully ambulatory at final follow-up (odds ratio: 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.061–0.806, p = 0.022).

Conclusion The current study emphasizes the substantial impact of socioeconomic disparities on postoperative outcomes in LE flap reconstruction. The finding that patients in the highest 15th percentile of deprivation were less likely to achieve full ambulation underscores the need to prioritize socioeconomic factors in clinical consideration and highlights a crucial avenue for future research.
Role of Complement in Liver Diseases
Authors: Prado Luan G. , Nagy Laura E.
Published: November 2024

This review aims to summarize recent research using animal models, cell models, and human data regarding the role of complement in liver disease. Complement is part of the innate immune system and was initially characterized for its role in control of pathogens. However, evidence now indicates that complement also plays an important role in the response to cellular injury that is independent of pathogens. The liver is the main organ responsible for producing circulating complement. In response to liver injury, complement is activated and likely plays a dual role, both contributing to and protecting from injury. In uncontrolled complement activation, cell injury and liver inflammation occur, contributing to progression of liver disease. Complement activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, fibrosis and cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and autoimmune hepatitis. However, the mechanisms by which complement is overactivated in liver diseases are still being unraveled.