TRENDS IN THE EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN VILLAGE
Authors:   Lviv National Agrarian University, Department of Architecture and Planning of rural settlements, L. Hnes 
Published: December 2020

An analysis of performed field and theoretical research on the subject of socio-economic and urban development of the Ukrainian countryside in the XXI century is represented. and related transformations of settlement areas and rural farmstead. The socio-economic preconditions for the emergence and functioning of each type of village and farmstead are presented. 5 main types of rural settlements and estates are distinguished by dominant functional features on the basis of 2 components: rural-landscape and agricultural profile of the villagers: Type 1: traditional village, traditional village estate Type 2: village with a focus on recreational and tourist business; Type 3: village - a suburb at an agricultural enterprise; Type 4: village - sleeping quarter of the city; Type 5: diverse village. These types of villages arose as a result of evolutionary self-organization of settlements. Thus, the diversity of their socio-economic structures is an objectively existing process that should be taken into account in the development of long-term plans for socio-economic development of a region, specific settlement or group of settlements in the development of master plans of villages. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory field pre-project studies of each specific village. Special attention should be paid to the parameters and traditions of spatial organization of the most successful farmsteads from the standpoint of their primary convenience for housekeeping, namely: - for old farmsteads, which were formed without the intervention of designers or surveyors, had enough time to change the planning for improvement on the basis of household priorities by several generations of their owners - on the planning organization of the farmsteads of the most successful owners - for the planning of farmsteads that have received additional spatial development resources due to the accession of the territory of the neighboring estate as a result of the termination of the existence the latter. (There are many such cases today) - on influences on planning of the farmstead of possible additional arrivals (in the presence of household driveway or at the big width of area, planning of corner estates) - on a situation when the field adjoins the farmstead, which belongs to the owner. - on the method of using by the owners of the territories adjacent to the farmstead, which do not belong to anyone and form an additional resource for the spatial development of the estate (wasteland, pasture, sanitary protection strip, hypertrophied roadside, etc.). The range of optimal areas of each type of farmstead, recommendations on design methods are given. It is emphasized, that attempts to strictly regulate the planning of different types of villages will not be effective. Instead, a more productive approach is when the designer has complete freedom in developing the master plan of the village. Decisions that may contradict the current design norms or generally accepted canons in urban planning are allowed if they are based on the studied folk experience, traditions and arguments obtained in participatory design.