bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary symptoms and sexual dysfunction among Italian men: The results of the #Controllati survey
Authors: Mirone Vincenzo , Carone Roberto , Carrieri Giuseppe , Costantini Elisabetta , Morgia Giuseppe , Ludovico Giuseppe Mario , Villari Donata , Parazzini Fabio
Published: April 2017

Objective: Prevention may improve the quality of life and sexual and reproductive health. To improve prevention require a comprehensive research approach that examines the frequency and risk factors for urologic conditions. In June 2016 the Italian Urologic Society coordinated a preventive initiative : the 1st Week of Male Urologic Prevention ”#Controllati”. Material and methods: During the 1st Week of Male Urologic Prevention “#Controllati”, men aged 18 years or more were invited to attend participating urologic centers for a free of charge visit for counseling about urologic or andrologic conditions. Each participating man underwent a physical examination. Further he was asked about his a medical history and about his urologic symptoms, sexual activity and possible related problems. Results: Data were collected in 81 centers: 2380 men answered the questionnaire. A total of 1226 subjects participating in the study reported one or more urinary symptom [51.5% (IC 95% 48.9%-54.5%)]. The risk of any urinary symptoms increased with age: in comparison with men aged < = 30 years or less the risk of any urinary symptoms was 2.31, 2.92, 5.12, 7.82 and 17.02 respectively in the class age 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and > = 71. Overweight/obese men were at increased risk of any urinary symptoms [OR1.35 (95% CI 1.12-1.64)]. 27.2% (IC 95% overall 25.2% -29.3%) of the subjects had at least a sexual disorder (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, hypoactive sexual desire). The erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire increased with age, but premature ejaculation tended to be higher among younger aged men aged 40 years or more. Current any urinary symptoms [OR 1.85 (CI 1.40-2.43)], hypertension [OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.21-2.26) and diabetes (OR 2.37 (95% CI 1.45-3.88)] increased the risk of erectile dysfunction. Conclusions: This large survey gives a picture of the burden of the more frequent urologic conditions offering useful information in order to focus preventive campaign.
Ultrasound findings of ruptured Peyronie’s plaque: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio , Galosi Andrea Benedetto
Published: April 2017

We present here a rare case of rupture of tunica albuginea and corpus cavernosum, in the site of a Peyronie’s plaque, which happened in a 61- year-old man during a vacuum cleaner masturbation. Ultrasound study showed an irregular hyperechoic defect at the cavernosal rupture site in correspondence of the Peyronie’s plaque. The hematoma was evacuated, partially plaque excised, and the tear repaired. Ultrasonography is an ideal technique for evaluating patients with penile trauma and can be routinely used in an emergency. It is a non-invasive method that gives faster results than cavernosography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Optimization of multi-response dynamic systems integrating multiple regression and Taguchi’s dynamic signal-to-noise ratio concept
Authors: Pal Surajit , Gauri Susanta Kumar
Published: April 2017

The principal difference between a dynamic and a static system is that the former includes a signal factor for expressing the intended output while the later does not. Assuming a linear association exists between the response and signal variables, Taguchi offered a two-stage route for optimizing a dynamic system: maximize the dynamic signal-to noise ratio (DSN) and then, change the gradient to the desired gradient by a suitable modification parameter. Some researchers have indicated limitations to Taguchi’s DSN analysis, and advocated alternative approaches for optimization of a dynamic system. However, the Taguchi method as well as these alternative approaches is useful for optimizing a single-response dynamic system only. In realism, the majority of the contemporary manufacturing practices encompass numerous response variables as well as industries demand for developing procedures for optimizing multi-response dynamic system. This paper proposes a novel procedure that integrates multiple regression (MR) technique and Taguchi’s DSN concept to optimize the multi-response dynamic system. In this method, appropriate multiple regression equations according to a chosen model for dynamic system are fitted first based on the observed experimental data and then DSN (called MRDSN) for different response variables are computed using the MRbased predicted values. Finally, weighted MRDSN is considered as the objective function for the optimization. The proposed procedure is investigated with respect to three modelling approaches for the dynamic systems. The results of analysis reveal that the proposed procedure with response modelling approach results in the best optimization performance. It also results in better optimization performance than back-propagation neural network-based approach and data mining-based approach reported by the past researchers.Keywords: multiple responses, multiple regression, weighted dynamic signal-to-noise ratio, performance measure modelling, response function modelling, response modelling, optimization
The anatomy of privatization programme in Nigeria, matters arising
Authors: Eke Gabriel Favour , Chiazor Clementina Ngozi O.
Published: April 2017

The paper traced the origin and reasons for privatization programme in Nigeria to the alleged sorry state and the depressing picture of inefficiency and low productivity services. The paper went on to state that 28 years have passed since the programme was inaugurated, Nigerians are yet to fully realize the benefits of privatization programme. The management corruption and inefficiency are still the order of the day. The paper was of the opinion that it is the same corrupt leaders who mismanaged those public enterprises that are clamouring for the sale of them, they are the same people who purchased them at very low prices. The paper concludes by saying that the programme only afforded some corrupt leaders and their foreign collaborators in advanced countries of the world the Opportunities to acquire those properties at the detriment of the average Nigerian, meanwhile the purpose and objectives of the programme are still hanging on the air. In recommendation, the paper draws attention of the Government to the number of people who have lost their jobs as a result of privatization. Finally, the programme can be good or bad depending on the type of people who operate it. There are certain establishments that should not be privatized, since most of them are the base of the Nations respect and integrity.Keywords: Privatization, economic depression, corruption, inefficiency and underdevelopment
Uncertainty in aerosol hygroscopicity resulting from
semi-volatile organic compounds
Authors: Goulden Olivia , Crooks Matthew , Connolly Paul
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We present a novel method of exploring the effect of uncertainties in aerosol properties on cloud droplet number using existing cloud droplet activation parameterisations. Aerosol properties of a single involatile particle mode are randomly sampled within an uncertainty range and resulting maximum supersaturations and critical diameters calculated using the cloud droplet activation scheme. Hygroscopicity parameters are subsequently derived and the values of the mean and uncertainty are found to be comparable to experimental observations. A recently proposed cloud droplet activation scheme that includes the effects of co-condensation of semi-volatile organic compounds onto a single lognormal mode of involatile particles is also considered. In addition to the uncertainties associated with the involatile particles, concentrations, volatility distributions and chemical composition of the semi-volatile organic compounds are randomly sampled and hygroscopicity parameters are derived using the cloud droplet activation scheme. The inclusion of semi-volatile organic compounds is found to have a significant effect on the hygroscopicity and contributes a large uncertainty. For non-volatile particles that are effective cloud condensation nuclei, the co-condensation of semi-volatile organic compounds reduces their actual hygroscopicity by approximately 25 %. A new concept of an effective hygroscopicity parameter is introduced that can computationally efficiently simulate the effect of semi-volatile organic compounds on cloud droplet number concentration without direct modelling of the organic compounds. These effective hygroscopicities can be as much as a factor of two higher than those of the non-volatile particles onto which the volatile organic compounds condense.
Application of Gauss's Theorem to quantify localized surface emissions from airborne measurements of wind and trace gases
Authors: Conley Stephen , Faloona Ian , Mehrotra Shobhit , Suard Maxime , Lenschow Donald H. , Sweeney Colm , Herndon Scott , Schwietzke Stefan , Pétron Gabrielle , Pifer Justin , Kort Eric A. , Schnell Russell
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Airborne estimates of greenhouse gas emissions are becoming more prevalent with the advent of rapid commercial development of trace gas instrumentation featuring increased measurement accuracy, precision, and frequency, and the swelling interest in the verification of current emission inventories. Multiple airborne studies have indicated that emission inventories may underestimate some hydrocarbon emission sources in U.S. oil and gas producing basins. Consequently, a proper assessment of the accuracy of these airborne methods is crucial to interpreting the meaning of such discrepancies. We present a new method of sampling surface sources of any trace gas for which fast and precise measurements can be made and apply it to methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide on spatial scales of ~ 1000 m, where consecutive loops are flown around a targeted source region at multiple altitudes. Using Reynolds decomposition for the scalar concentrations, along with Gauss's Theorem, we show that the method accurately accounts for the smaller scale turbulent dispersion of the local plume, which is often ignored in other average mass balance methods. With the help of large eddy simulations (LES) we further show how the circling radius can be optimized for the micrometeorological conditions encountered during any flight. Furthermore, by sampling controlled releases of methane and ethane on the ground we can ascertain that the accuracy of the method, in appropriate meteorological conditions, is better than 20 %, with limits of detection below 5 kg hr−1 for both methane and ethane. Because of the FAA mandated minimum flight safe altitude of 150 m, placement of the aircraft is critical to preventing a large portion of the emission plume from flowing underneath the lowest aircraft sampling altitude, which is generally the leading source of uncertainty in these measurements. Finally, we show how the accuracy of the method is strongly dependent on the number of sampling loops, or time spent sampling the source plume.
Timescale dependence of environmental controls on methane efflux from Poyang Hu, China
Authors: Liu Lixiang , Xu Ming , Li Renqiang , Shao Rui
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Lakes are an important natural source of CH4 to the atmosphere. However, the multi-seasonal CH4 efflux from lakes has been rarely studied. In this study, the CH4 efflux from Poyang Hu, the largest freshwater lake in China, was measured monthly over a 4-year period by using the floating-chamber technique. The mean annual CH4 efflux throughout the 4 years was 0.54 mmol m−2 day−1, ranging from 0.47 to 0.60 mmol m−2 day−1. The CH4 efflux had a high seasonal variation with an average summer (June to August) efflux of 1.34 mmol m−2 day−1 and winter (December to February) efflux of merely 0.18 mmol m−2 day−1. The efflux showed no apparent diel pattern, although most of the peak effluxes appeared in the late morning, from 10:00 to 12:00 CST (GMT + 8). Multivariate stepwise regression on a seasonal scale showed that environmental factors, such as sediment temperature, sediment total nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus content in the water, mainly regulated the CH4 efflux. However, the CH4 efflux only showed a strong positive linear correlation with wind speed within 1 day on a bihourly scale in the multivariate regression analyses but almost no correlation with wind speed on diurnal and seasonal scales.
A Climate Data Record (CDR) for the global terrestrial water budget: 1984–2010
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Ming , Sheffield Justin , Siemann Amanda , Fisher Colby , Liang Miaoling , Beck Hylke , Wanders Niko , MacCracken Rosalyn , Houser Paul R. , Zhou Tian , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Ma Yingtao , Pinker Rachel T. , Bytheway Janice , Kummerow Christian D. , Wood Eric F.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Closing the terrestrial water budget is necessary to providing consistent estimates of budget components for understanding water resources and changes over time. Given the lack of in-situ observations of budget components at anything but local scale, merging information from multiple data sources (e.g. in-situ observation, satellite remote sensing, land surface model and reanalysis) through data assimilation techniques that optimize the estimation of fluxes is a promising approach. In this study, a systematic method is developed to optimally combine multiple available data sources for precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R) and the total water storage change (TWSC) at 0.5° spatial resolution globally and to obtain water budget closure (i.e. to enforce P − ET − R − TWSC = 0) through a Constrained Kalman Filter (CKF) data assimilation technique. The resulting long-term (1984–2010), monthly, 0.5° resolution global terrestrial water cycle Climate Data Record (CDR) dataset is developed under the auspices of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Data Records (ESDRs) program. This dataset serves to bridge the gap between sparsely gauged regions and the regions with sufficient in-situ observations in investigating the temporal and spatial variability in the terrestrial hydrology at multiple scales. The CDR created in this study is validated against in-situ measurements like river discharge from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and ET from FLUXNET. The dataset is shown to be reliable and can serve the scientific community in understanding historical climate variability in water cycle fluxes and stores, benchmarking the current climate, and validating models.
Modeling the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrology of Selected Forested Wetlands in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Zhu Jie , Sun Ge , Li Wenhong , Zhang Yu , Miao Guofang , Noormets Asko , McNulty Steve G. , King John S. , Kumar Mukesh , Wang Xuan
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Riverine floodplains and coastal margins of the southeastern United States host extensive forested wetlands, providing myriad ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, water quality improvement, groundwater recharge, and wildlife habitat. However, these ecosystems, which are closely dependent on wetland hydrology, are at risk due to human-made climate change. This study develops site-specific empirical hydrologic models for five forested wetlands with different characteristics by synthesizing long-term observed meteorological and hydrological data. These wetlands represent typical Cypress Ponds/Swamps, Carolina Bays, Pine Flatwoods, and Wet Pine, and natural Bottomland Hardwoods ecosystems. The validated empirical models are then applied at each wetland to predict future water table changes using climate projections from 20 General Circulation Models (GCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) under both Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We show that projected combined changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration would significantly alter wetland groundwater dynamics in the 21st century. Compared to the historical period, all five studied wetlands are predicted to become drier by the end of this century. The water table depth increases vary from 4 cm to 22 cm due to global warming. The large decrease in water availability (i.e., precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) will cause a drop in the water table in all the five studied wetlands by the late 21st century. Among the five examined wetlands, the depression wetland in hot and humid Florida appears to be most sensitive to climate change. This modeling study provides quantitative information on the potential magnitude of wetland hydrological response to future climate change for typical forested wetlands in the southern U.S. Study results suggest that the ecosystem functions of southern forested wetlands will be substantially impacted by future climate change due to hydrological changes that are the key control to wetland biogeochemical cycles, vegetation distribution, fire regimes, and wildlife habitat. We conclude that climate change assessment on wetland forest ecosystems and adaptation management planning in the southeastern U.S. must first evaluate the impacts of climate change on wetland hydrology.
Internal hydraulic control in the Little Belt, Denmark. Observations of flow configurations and water mass formation.
Authors: Nielsen Morten Holtegaard , Lund-Hansen Lars Chresten , Vang Torben
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Internal hydraulic control, which occurs when stratified water masses are forced through an abrupt constriction, plays an enormous role in nature on both large and regional scale with respect to dynamics, circulation and water mass formation. Despite a growing literature on this subject surprisingly few direct observations have been made that conclusively show the existence of and the circumstances related to internal hydraulic control in nature. In this study we present observations from the Little Belt, Denmark, one of three narrow straits connecting the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The observations, comprised of primarily along-strait, detailed transects of salinity and temperature, continuous observations of flow velocity, salinity and temperature on a permanent station and numerous vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, fluorescence and flow velocity in various locations, show that internal hydraulic control is a frequently occurring phenomenon in the Little Belt. The observations, which are limited to south-going flows of approximately two-layered water masses, show that internal hydraulic control may take either of two configurations, i.e. the lower or the upper layer being the active, accelerating one. This is connected to the depth of the pycnocline on the upstream side and the topography, which is both deepening and contracting toward the narrow part of the Little Belt. The existence of two possible flow configurations is known from theoretical and laboratory studies, but has never been observed in nature and reported before, we believe. The water masses formed by the intense mixing, which is tightly connected with the presence of control, may be found far downstream of the point of control. The observations show that these particular water masses are associated with chlorophyll concentrations that are considerably higher that in adjacent water masses, showing that control has a considerable influence on the primary production and hence the ecosystem in the area.
Producción científica sobre cine indexada en la Web of Science en la categoría « Film, Radio & Television »: 2000-2016
Authors: Gómez-Crisóstomo Rocío , Romo-Fernández Luz Mª
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo trata de analizar la producción científica contenida en la Web of Science en el periodo 2000-2016 sobre cine, publicada en fuentes indizadas bajo la categoría de Film, Radio, Television. Tras realizar las consultas pertinentes en la base de datos mencionada, se extraen un total de 12.514 trabajos, que son estudiados para analizar datos tales como número anual de documentos, países de afiliación de sus autores, categorías temáticas relacionadas, fuentes en las que se difunden los trabajos, idiomas de publicación, tipología documental y promedio de citas por documento.
Intellectual Property in Mexican Small Business: An Empirical Research
Authors: Maldonado-Guzman Gonzalo , Pinzón-Castro Sandra Yesenia , Marín-Aguilar José Trinidad
Published: April 2017

Intellectual property is an important topic that has been usually analyzed in big enterprises from developed countries but it has been overlooked a lot in its analysis and discussion within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from both developed and economically emergent countries even when they represent more than 98% of all enterprises, provide jobs to more than 50% of the labor force and produce more than 50% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of any country. Thus, the main goal of this empirical research is the measurement of intellectual property in small and medium-sized enterprises through three factors: patents, brand registration and image investment by considering a sample of 125 enterprises established in Aguascalientes State (Mexico). The results obtained show that patents, brand registration and image investment seem to be good measurements of intellectual property in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Evaluating the Trend of Using New Technologies to Attract Audience in Public Libraries in Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Fezzeh , Rafiei Mohammad Mohsen , Torbati Mahshid
Published: April 2017

Background and Objective: This study examined the use of modern technology to absorb audience in public libraries under the Public Libraries Foundation.Methodology: This is a survey- kind of descriptive study. The statistical population are authorities of public libraries with standard and central level. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha of 0. 871. Software SPSS19 was used to analyze data analysis.Findings: The results showed that the use of new technologies in public libraries is lower than the average level. The most use of these devices is shown in Tabriz Central Library at 58 percent. Also, there is no significant difference between respondents' opinions in terms of demographic variables, level and degree of education.The possible results and applications: The results of this research are useful for decision making and effective use of new technologies to attract and expand audiences in public libraries.Originality / value: This study is among the first research that examines new technologies in public libraries to attract audience. Earlier in marketing literature and web technologies, several studies have been conducted for public libraries, however, in this study the application of new technologies in libraries is used to increase to attract audience.
Fundamental and Financial Influences on the Co-movement of Oil and Gas Prices
Authors: Bunn Derek , Chevallier Julien , Pen Yannick Le , Sevi Benoit
Published: April 2017

As speculative flows into commodity futures are expected to link commodity prices more strongly to equity indices, we investigate whether this process also creates increased correlations amongst the commodities themselves. Considering U.S. oil and gas futures, we investigate whether common factors, derived from a large international data set of real and nominal macroeconomic variables by means of the large approximate factor models methodology, are able to explain both returns and whether, beyond these fundamental common factors, the residuals remain correlated. We further investigate a possible explanation for this residual correlation by using some proxies for trading intensity derived from CFTC publicly available data, showing most notably that the proxy for speculation in the oil market increases the oil-gas correlation. We thus identify the central role of financial activities in shaping the link between oil and gas returns.
Dual modality electrical impedance and ultrasound reflection tomography to improve image quality
Authors: Ain K. , Kurniadi D. , Suprijanto S. , Santoso O.
Published: April 2017

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is relatively new. It is a verypromising technique to be developed especially in the medical field. The advantages of EIT are that it is non-ionizing, simple, and portable and that it produces a high contrast image. Unfortunately, this modality does not have the capability to generate a highresolution image. Almost all imaging modalities has both advantages and disadvantages. Combining one modality with another is hence expected to cover the weaknesses of each other. The problem is how to develop the concepts, measurement systems and algorithm of dual modalities, particularly electrical and acoustical. The electrical modality can produce high contrast and the acoustical modality can produce high resolution. Combination of these will enhance the image resolution of EIT. High image resolution from the ultrasound reflection tomography is used as the prior information to improve the image resolution of the EIT. Finite Element Model (FEM) can be arranged by non-uniform elements, which are adapted to the boundary. Element models with higher density are arranged at the boundaries to obtain improvements of resolution and the model elements with lower density arranged at other locations to reduce the computational cost. The dual modality EIT with Ultrasound Reflection (EIT-UR) can produce high resolution and contrast image. The resolution improvement can also accelerate the convergence of the Newton-Raphson reconstruction methods.
(Re-)Framing Bede‘s Historia ecclesiastica in Twelfth-Century Germany: John Rylands Library, MS Latin 182
Authors: Pohl Benjamin
Published: April 2017

This article offers the first comprehensive study of Manchester, John Rylands
Library, MS Latin 182, a twelfth-century codex formerly belonging to (and
possibly produced at) the Benedictine Abbey of (Mönchen-)Gladbach in Germany. I
begin with a full codicological and palaeographical analysis of the entire
manuscript, before moving on to a discussion of its contents. These include the
Venerable Bede‘s Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum and the Continuatio
Bedae, as well as two hagiographical works copied at the end of the manuscript.
I then propose a new possible context of reception for Bede‘s Historia
ecclesiastica during the twelfth century, one that interlinked with the
prevalent discourses on secular ecclesiastical lordship and monastic reform at
Gladbach, as well as, perhaps, in Germany more widely. In doing so, I
essentially argue for the possibility that the Gladbach scribes and their
audiences may have used and understood the Historia ecclesiastica not only in
the conventional context of history and historiography, but also (and perhaps
equally important) as an example of the golden age of monasticism which during
the later twelfth century was re-framed and re-contextualised as both a
spiritual guide and a source of miracle stories.
Off Beat: Jeff Nuttall and the International Underground: Curating the Counterculture
Authors: Field Douglas , Jones Jay Jeff
Published: April 2017

The exhibition Off Beat: Jeff Nuttall and the International Underground (8
September 2016 to 5 March 2017) showcases the archive of Jeff Nuttall
(1933–2004), a painter, poet, editor, actor and novelist. As the exhibition
illustrates, Nuttall was a central figure in the International Underground
during the 1960s through to the early 1970s. During this time he collaborated
with a vast network of avant-garde writers from across the globe, as well as
editing the influential publication My Own Mag between 1963 and 1967.
Comparison of the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 10 years old on the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in the States of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Anderson Gonçalves , Lima Diego Gonçalves de , Bortolini Miguel Junior Sordi , Meneguetti Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira , Santos Edigê Felipe De Sousa , Macedo Junior Hugo , Silva Romeu Paulo Martins
Published: April 2017

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a reduction in cases of malnutrition in Brazil but this has been accompanied with an increase in the overweight and obesity rates. These changes, together with others, such as changes in eating patterns and lifestyle, characterise the process of nutritional transition. Objective: We aimed to compare the prevalence of nutritional status of beneficiary children of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to analyse the changes in the anthropometric profile of these children during 5 years. Methods: This is an ecological study using secondary data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and Bolsa Família Department of SUS (DATASUS), which assessed the nutritional status of children over 5 years and under 10 years benefiting from the PBF in the years 2011 to 2015 in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 94,865 children from Acre and 342,462 children from Rio Grande do Sul. The Body Mass Index was used to classify the nutritional status. Results: The mean prevalence of eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years in Acre was 70.42% and was 61.28% in Rio Grande do Sul. Overweight was 13.06% in Acre and 19.48% in Rio Grande do Sul. Obesity was 5.08% in Acre and 9.36% in Rio Grande do Sul. Severe obesity was 4.02% in Acre and 6.92% in Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in children benefiting from the PBF has been growing in the last 5 years, notably in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is possibly due to the fact that the nutritional transition is at a more advanced stage here than in Acre State.
Dual leucine zipper kinase-dependent PERK activation contributes to neuronal degeneration following insult
Authors: Larhammar Martin , Huntwork-Rodriguez Sarah , Jiang Zhiyu , Solanoy Hilda , Sengupta Ghosh Arundhati , Wang Bei , Kaminker Joshua S , Huang Kevin , Eastham-Anderson Jeffrey , Siu Michael , Modrusan Zora , Farley Madeline M , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Lewcock Joseph W , Watkins Trent A
Published: April 2017

The PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is implicated in neurodegenerative disease, although the regulators and consequences of PERK activation following neuronal injury are poorly understood. Here we show that PERK signaling is a component of the mouse MAP kinase neuronal stress response controlled by the Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) and contributes to DLK-mediated neurodegeneration. We find that DLK-activating insults ranging from nerve injury to neurotrophin deprivation result in both c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling and the PERK- and ISR-dependent upregulation of the Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4). Disruption of PERK signaling delays neurodegeneration without reducing JNK signaling. Furthermore, DLK is both sufficient for PERK activation and necessary for engaging the ISR subsequent to JNK-mediated retrograde injury signaling. These findings identify DLK as a central regulator of not only JNK but also PERK stress signaling in neurons, with both pathways contributing to neurodegeneration.
Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues
Authors: Fidler Aaron L , Darris Carl E , Chetyrkin Sergei V , Pedchenko Vadim K , Boudko Sergei P , Brown Kyle L , Gray Jerome W , Hudson Julie K , Rokas Antonis , Hudson Billy G
Published: April 2017

The role of the cellular microenvironment in enabling metazoan tissue genesis remains obscure. Ctenophora has recently emerged as one of the earliest-branching extant animal phyla, providing a unique opportunity to explore the evolutionary role of the cellular microenvironment in tissue genesis. Here, we characterized the extracellular matrix (ECM), with a focus on collagen IV and its variant, spongin short-chain collagens, of non-bilaterian animal phyla. We identified basement membrane (BM) and collagen IV in Ctenophora, and show that the structural and genomic features of collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria. Yet, ctenophore features are more diverse and distinct, expressing up to twenty genes compared to six in vertebrates. Moreover, collagen IV is absent in unicellular sister-groups. Collectively, we conclude that collagen IV and its variant, spongin, are primordial components of the extracellular microenvironment, and as a component of BM, collagen IV enabled the assembly of a fundamental architectural unit for multicellular tissue genesis.
Idosos com doença de alzheimer: como vivem e percebem a atenção na estratégia saúde da família Elderly with alzheimer’s disease: how they live and notice the attention in the health strategy of the family
Authors: Goyanna Natália Frota , Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima , Brito Maria da Conceição Coelho , Mourão Netto José Jeová , Gomes Diógenes Farias
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Compreender como vivem os idosos com Alzheimer e as suas percepções sobre as ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, realizado com dez idosos que concordaram em dá informações. Utilizou dois formulários para a avaliação, o Índice de Katz e Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UVA com o parecer Nº 608.721. Resultados: Os idosos eram, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, casados e analfabetos. Apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo e alguns eram independentes na prática das atividades de vida diária. Existem fragilidades na adaptação dos domicílios, porém percebem-se esforços dos familiares no ajuste do espaço. Os idosos demonstraram relativa satisfação quanto à atenção dispensada na ESF. Conclusão: Infere-se a importância de um cuidado que potencialize a melhoria da condição de vida, independência e autonomia do idoso. Descritores: Idoso, Doença de Alzheimer, Atenção à Saúde.
Manuseio e descarte de perfurocortantes por profissionais de enfermagem de unidade de terapia intensiva The handling and disposal of sharps among nursing staff of an intensive care unit
Authors: Lapa Alessandra Terra , Del Giudice Dias Pricilla , Spindola Thelma , Mello da Silva Jessica , Dos Santos Paula Raquel , Pereira Costa Larissa
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que expõem os trabalhadores de enfermagem de UTI aos acidentes por perfurocortantes durante a sua manipulação e descarte. Método: Quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório com emprego da técnica de análise documental. Analisada 39 fichas de acidentes com os trabalhadores de enfermagem de quatro UTI nos anos de 2005-2010, de um Hospital Universitário no estado do Rio de Janeiro.  Resultados: Os anos de 2008 e 2009 apresentaram os maiores registros de acidentes. Quanto aos setores, o Centro de Tratamento Intensivo Geral obteve o maior (46%) percentual. Dentre os profissionais que mais se acidentaram, os enfermeiros obtiveram maior (49%) destaque e a agulha foi o material mais (69,2%) envolvido nos acidentes. Conclusão: A implementação de estratégias para diminuir a exposição dos profissionais aos riscos, especialmente medidas que permitam o descarte e armazenamento adequado dos materiais perfurocortantes.
O que os pacientes psiquiátricos pensam sobre parar de fumar? What do the psychiatric patients think about stop smoking?
Authors: Oliveira Renata Marques , Furegato Antonia Regina Ferreira
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Investigar a opinião de pacientes psiquiátricos sobre o melhor momento para tentarem parar de fumar, o que poderia ajudá-los e o conhecimento sobre os malefícios do tabaco. Método: Estudo exploratório com 96 fumantes, internados em psiquiatria. Entrevistas com questões abertas e teste de dependência nicotínica. Estatística descritiva e análise temática. Resultados: O melhor momento para parar de fumar divide opiniões: quando o transtorno mental está controlado, quando algo importante acontece e durante a internação. Para alguns, basta decidir parar, independente de momento. Pacientes relataram incentivo dos profissionais para continuarem fumando. Embora os malefícios sejam conhecidos, mecanismos psicológicos (negação/racionalização) interferem na decisão de parar. Conclusão: O tratamento do tabagismo deve ser integrado entre os serviços de saúde e conduzido por equipe multiprofissional, respeitando-se o momento de cada paciente.
Educação permanente no cotidiano das equipes de saúde da família: utopia, intenção ou realidade? Permanent education in everyday of family health teams: utopia, intention or reality?
Authors: Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Rosa Randson Souza , Almeida Marlón Vinicius Gama , Da Silva Simone Santana , De Araujo Igor Brasil
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os sentidos e significados da Educação Permanente em Saúde no trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família em Senhor do Bonfim-BA e sua articulação teoria X prática. Pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem crítico reflexiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações sistemáticas da prática de 11 trabalhadores da Atenção Básica e 5 gestores da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município. Para analisar os dados, recorreu-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam um conflito entre a teoria e prática da Educação Permanente, em que se confluem conceitos e práticas que se aproximam da educação continuada e educação em saúde. Os pesquisados da atenção básica confundiram ou desconheciam o conceito e desenvolvimento da prática de Educação Permanente.
Proposta de um software-protótipo para uso na assistência a pacientes com cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) Proposal for a software-prototype to assist patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Authors: Freitas Luiz Célio Martins , Guedes Maria Teresa dos Santos , Santiago Luiz Carlos
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Propor um software-protótipo como estratégia para melhorar o processo de comunicação e os registros relativos ao cuidado de enfermagem a pacientes com cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) e descrever os passos para a construção de um protótipo de software.Método: Utilizou-se da Pesquisa de Intervenções, na modalidade de Processo de Intervenção e como método de operacionalização a Prototipação associados a instrumentos de informática.Resultado: Foi criado um modelo computadorizado de interface gráfica simples e projetado para uso em redes abertas ou fechadas.Conclusão: O desenvolvimento do software-protótipo para funcionar em rede web tornará o processo de implantação mais prático. Acrescenta-se que validação com equipe de saúde será realizada antes da utilização.
Contribution of storm time substorms to the prompt electric field disturbances in the equatorial ionosphere
Authors: Hui Debrup , Chakrabarty D. , Sekar R. , Reeves G. D. , Yoshikawa A. , Shiokawa K.
Published: April 2017

This study tries to bring out the fact that storm time substorms can compete and at times significantly contribute to the geomagnetically disturbed time prompt penetration electric field effects on low and equatorial latitudes. Observations of unusual equatorial plasma drift data from Jicamarca Unattended Long‐term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere during two space weather events show that substorms can induce both eastward and westward penetration electric fields under steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) conditions. During the first event on 2 January 2005, the enhancement of the daytime eastward electric field over Jicamarca due to substorm is found to be comparable with the Sq and interplanetary electric field (IEFy) generated electric fields combined. During the second event on 19 August 2006, the substorm is seen to weaken the daytime eastward field thereby inducing a westward field in spite of the absence of northward turning of IMF Bz (overshielding). The westward electric field perturbation in the absence of any overshielding events is observationally sparse and contrary to the earlier results. Further, the substorm‐induced field is found to be strong enough to compete or almost nullify the effects of storm time IEFy fields. This study also shows quantitatively that at times substorm contribution to the disturbed time prompt electric fields can be significant and thus should be taken into consideration in evaluating penetration events over low latitudes.
Effect of hot anisotropic He+ ions on the growth and damping of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Lee D.‐Y. , Noh S.‐J. , Choi C.‐R. , Lee J. J. , Hwang J. A.
Published: April 2017

Physics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is complicated by inclusion of heavy ions. In particular, He+ ions in the magnetosphere have long been considered to play important roles. Motivated by recent observations, we examine the effect of the inclusion of hot anisotropic He+ ions in addition to the usual hot anisotropic protons. We solve the kinetic dispersion relation for this examination and find the following results. First, inclusion of hot anisotropic He+ ions leads to the growth of EMIC waves at frequencies below the He+ gyrofrequency (He band) and a reduction of the EMIC wave growth rates (or damping of the waves) at frequencies between the proton and He+ gyrofrequencies (H band). Second, this effect is more dramatic for higher temperatures of He+ that would play a role in damping EMIC waves for both frequency bands and especially for cases without a He+ temperature anisotropy. Lastly, the effect is more prominent for cold plasma dominant conditions such as the region inside the plasmasphere or plume than for hot proton dominant conditions such as the region outside the plasmasphere. We propose that this last effect can at least partially explain the satellite observations indicating the preferred (though not exclusive) occurrence of He band waves inside the plasmasphere for the times when hot anisotropic He+ ions are supplied from the plasma sheet and ring current.
Interplay between spatially explicit sediment sourcing, hierarchical river‐network structure, and in‐channel bed material sediment transport and storage dynamics
Authors: Czuba Jonathan A. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Gran Karen B. , Belmont Patrick , Wilcock Peter R.
Published: April 2017

Understanding how sediment moves along source to sink pathways through watersheds—from hillslopes to channels and in and out of floodplains—is a fundamental problem in geomorphology. We contribute to advancing this understanding by modeling the transport and in‐channel storage dynamics of bed material sediment on a river network over a 600 year time period. Specifically, we present spatiotemporal changes in bed sediment thickness along an entire river network to elucidate how river networks organize and process sediment supply. We apply our model to sand transport in the agricultural Greater Blue Earth River Basin in Minnesota. By casting the arrival of sediment to links of the network as a Poisson process, we derive analytically (under supply‐limited conditions) the time‐averaged probability distribution function of bed sediment thickness for each link of the river network for any spatial distribution of inputs. Under transport‐limited conditions, the analytical assumptions of the Poisson arrival process are violated (due to in‐channel storage dynamics) where we find large fluctuations and periodicity in the time series of bed sediment thickness. The time series of bed sediment thickness is the result of dynamics on a network in propagating, altering, and amalgamating sediment inputs in sometimes unexpected ways. One key insight gleaned from the model is that there can be a small fraction of reaches with relatively low‐transport capacity within a nonequilibrium river network acting as “bottlenecks” that control sediment to downstream reaches, whereby fluctuations in bed elevation can dissociate from signals in sediment supply.
ENSO effects on MLT diurnal tides: A 21 year reanalysis data‐driven GAIA model simulation
Authors: Liu Huixin , Sun Yang‐Yi , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Jin Hidekatsu
Published: April 2017

Tidal responses to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) are investigated for the first time using reanalysis data‐driven simulations covering 21 years. The simulation is carried out with the Ground‐to‐topside Atmosphere‐Ionosphere model for Aeronomy (GAIA) during 1996–2016, which covers nine ENSO events. ENSO impacts on diurnal tides at 100 km altitude are analyzed and cross‐compared among temperature (T), zonal wind (U), and meridional wind (V), which reveals the following salient features: (1) Tidal response can differ significantly among T, U, and V in terms of magnitude and latitudinal structure, making detection of ENSO effects sensitive to the parameter used and the location of a ground station; (2) the nonmigrating DE3 tide in T and U shows a prominent hemisphere asymmetric response to La Niña, with an increase between 0° and 30°N and a decrease between 30° and 0°S. In contrast, DE3 in V exhibits no significant response; (3) the migrating DW1 enhances during El Niño in equatorial regions for T and U but in off‐equatorial regions for V. As the first ENSO study based on reanalysis‐driven simulations, GAIA's full set of tidal responses in T, U, and V provides us with a necessary global context to better understand and cross‐compare observations during ENSO events. Comparisons with observations during the 1997–98 El Niño and 2010–11 La Niña reveal good agreement in both magnitude and timing. Comparisons with “free‐run” WACCM simulations (T) show consistent results in nonmigrating tides DE2 and DE3 but differences in the migrating DW1 tide.
The Plasminogen Activation System
Authors: Medcalf Robert L
Published: April 2017

The plasminogen activation system is a vertebrate extracellular enzyme system consisting of serine proteases, protease inhibitors of the serpin family and various binding proteins. The plasminogen activation system generates extracellular proteolytic activity for physiological and pathophysiological fibrinolysis and tissue remodelling. The capacity of this system to remove the fibrin component of blood clots led to the pharmaceutical development of the plasminogen activators for thrombotic complications initially for myocardial infarction and later for ischaemic stroke. It also has a major role in the central nervous system, where it influences neuronal function in relation to learning and memory, and has a major influence on blood–brain barrier function. While these are physiological processes, overactivation of the plasminogen‐activating system can promote excessive bleeding and also initiate both protective and damaging effects in the brain.

Key Concepts

Plasminogen activation was initially described for its role in the removal of blood clots.

This system uses many receptors to permit protease activation on cell surfaces.

Bacteria harness this system to help in dissemination.

This system actively contributes to cancer progression.

Recent findings have established important roles for the plasminogen‐activating system in the brain.

Modulation of this system can be used for therapeutic benefit.