bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Workplace Favouritisme, Workplace Violence terhadap Turnover intention Dimediasi oleh Social Support Guru di Sekolah
Authors: Fitri Dwi Widyati Amalia
Published: July 2023

Sebuah sekolah bisa menjadi sekolah terbaik ketika memiliki guru yang kompeten di bidangnya, namun seorang guru dapat menurunkan prestasi sekolah jika tidak merasa dihargai oleh sekolah sehingga guru yang kompeten membuat niat turnover. Guru membuat niat pergantian yang disebabkan oleh banyak hal, yaitu favouritism di tempat kerja, kekerasan di tempat kerja dan dukungan sosial di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh favouritism di tempat kerja, kekerasan di tempat kerja dan dukungan sosial terhadap niat turnover. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 45 guru dari unit SD dan SMP di sekolah XYZ wilayah Balaraja. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.  Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa favouritisme di tempat kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap niat turnover, kekerasan di tempat kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap niat turnover, dukungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap niat turnover, favouritism di tempat kerja melalui dukungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap niat turnover dan kekerasan di tempat kerja melalui dukungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap niat turnover.
Industrial Policy in the EAEU Countries: Challenges and Solutions for Kazakhstan in the Competition and Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Alzhanova Farida , Dnishev Farkhat , Alzhanova Anel
Published: July 2023

The paper describes and examines the industrial policies of the Eurasian Economic Union member states. It shows the need to adjust the traditional type of industrial policy of the Eurasian Economic Union countries, which relies on leading industries. The purpose of this article is to identify the main challenges for the industrial policy in Kazakhstan, taking into account its participation in the EAEU and the risks associated with distortion of competition as a result of hostile mergers and acquisitions, and to propose solutions intended to ensure a balance between competition protection and industrial policy. The paper’s objectives are to review the problems arising at the intersection of trade, innovation, and intellectual property in the EAEU countries and to develop recommendations for industrial and innovation policy. The article considers two main issues in accordance with the purpose: the industrial policy problems in the EAEU countries; the use of intellectual property and competition law for the development and protection of innovations. It is shown that the industrial policy of Kazakhstan and other EAEU countries remains insufficiently effective and has a contradictory nature. Since 2000, the economic complexity index decreased in most EAEU countries, the intensity of industrialization remained low, and the share of medium and high-tech manufacturing diminished. There is a need to adjust the traditional type of industrial policy, to exclude selective advantages to specific firms, to focus on industry-wide industrial policy, the insufficient experience of EAEU member states in counteracting hostile and murderous takeovers, the complexity of innovation development system, protection of competition within the integration.
Incomes of the Population of Kazakhstan: Differentiation and Forecast
Authors: Ashirbekova Laura , Sansyzbaeva Khalima , Askerov Askar , Grabowska Monika
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study is to forecast and determine the main factors affecting the growth of per capita income of the population of Kazakhstan. The paper is devoted to an urgent problem – differentiation and forecast of the income level of the population of Kazakhstan. In the study, based on the results of a survey conducted as part of the study in 2021, 4 conditionally defined social groups were formed according to the subjective integral assessment of respondents' own income. Based on the formed decile groups of respondents, the Gini coefficient was calculated and compared with official statistics. The method of statistical forecasting was used in the preparation of the article. With the help of factor forecasting, the system of the interrelation of per capita monetary incomes of the population with other factors is modelled.
In the article, when finding factors affecting the incomes of the population of Kazakhstan, a model was obtained in which six factors turned out to be statistically significant: Three indicators of them, these are the Minimum wage, the Minimum pension and Subsistence minimum, are state minimum social standards. It is obvious that it is necessary to revise the indicators on the value of which the level and quality of life of the population and the economic growth of the country depend. In further studies, based on the results obtained, it is planned to develop recommendations for reducing income inequality in Kazakhstan.
Assessment of heavy metals in Ulasi River sediments, Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors:   Fisheries Technology Department Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri Imo state Nigeria, Ogah J , Ubaka K ,   Chemistry/Biochemistry department Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri Imo state Nigeria, Ogueri C ,   Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria, Nleonu E ,   Chemistry/Biochemistry department Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri Imo state Nigeria
Published: July 2023

The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in surface sediments of Ulasi River, Okija in Anambra state Nigeria were assessed. Data from three sample stations that include; station A. Ubahuabuba, station B. below the bridge along Okija-Nnewi road, and station C. Onitsha – Owerri road were analysed. The result was obtained using ANOVA statistical analysis and there was a significant difference of 0.05%. The results obtained also revealed that the mean concentrations of the metals ranged from Arsenic 0.57 to 0.72mg/l, Boron 1.28 to 1.86mg/l, Cadmium 0.47 to 0.94mg/l, Chromium 0.67 to 0.96mg/l, Lead 0.94 to 1.30mg/l, Manganese 0.78 to 1.18, Fe 1.28 to 2.38mg/l, Cu 0.69 to 1.07mg/l, Zn 1.10 to 2.10mg/l and Nickel 1.10 to 1.36mg/l. When compared with the guidelines of the EPA for sediments, the results of the metals analysed were within the recommended threshold limits. Keywords: Heavy Metal, Sediment, Ulasi River, Contamination and EPA guidelines
Life of a Marist Brother: The Construction of Religious Profession
Authors: Banal Jhercah G. , Bercades Justine T. , Celis Joevie L. , Lagasca Carla S. , Tayco Krizza B. , Quijano Ezequiel D.
Published: July 2023

The life of a Marist Brother has always been a mystery. The main purpose of this study was to determine the motivations, struggles, and coping mechanisms used by a Marist Brother in his religious profession. The study implored a qualitative method using a biographical qualitative design as its research design. A semi-structured interview guide following the interview protocol refinement of Montoya (2016) was used to gather the data. Cresswell’s thematic analysis was used for the data analysis. The results revealed that the motivation of a Marist Brother involved heeding the calling of God. Further, the Marist Brother dealt with problems such that of temptations and a lack of career fulfillment, which can lead to moral failure and a loss of enthusiasm for their area of work. The Marist Brother’s contact with children and young people, as well as their religious authority, provided coping mechanisms to continue their religious careers. To put light on its importance, the Marist Brother prefects the notion that living with a religious profession help illuminate the calling for more religious to partake in service of God and humanity.
ПРИНЦИПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ДИЗАЙН–КОДА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ГОРОДОВ КАЗАХСТАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ УРБАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Альмукашева Дина , Мауленова Гульнара
Published: July 2023

Аннотация. Проектирование архитектурного дизайн-кода, не являясь абсолютно новым подходом, в последние годы все чаще идентифицируется в литературе по городскому дизайну и нормотворческой работе, как инструмент, способствующий более качественному и эффективному городскому планированию. Текущая ситуация в областных городах Казахстана все более требует применения дизайн–кода для сохранения единого архитектурного стиля и аутентичного облика в целях раскрытия потенциала городов.
Исследование ограничивается городами областного значения Казахстана, в частности промышленными городами с особой структурой организации застройки и потребностями в реновации. Методологической базой послужил анализ морфологической структуры городской среды промышленных городов Казахстана и их архитектурных сооружений. Изучены также литературные источники, проектные и архивные материалы, а также осуществлен синтез и обобщение результатов.
На основе выявленных результатов, то есть таких принципов как грамотный предпроектный анализ, который включает в себя натурное обследование, изучение архивных материалов, создания концептуальной модели с учётом всех факторов. Учитывая данные принципы, возможно, сформировать рекомендации по формированию архитектурных дизайн–кодов для промышленных городов Казахстана и по их применению для стабилизации городского облика и пространства.
A secondary care retrospective clinical audit: assessing coronary angiography door-to-catheter times in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Pakunwanich Narut , Ali Ameeq , Daive Kapeel , Spurrell Thomas , Dyare Saan , Bairneni Aparna , Abushahba Galal , Attar Nadeem
Published: July 2023

Coronary angiography is an invasive procedure that utilises X-ray imaging and contrast medium to visualise the coronary vasculature to guide management. Current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance aims to provide angiography within 72-hours for patients with high-risk (GRACE>3%) non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and patients with late-presenting (>12 hours) ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Does Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality have an impact on HDFC Bank Customers’ Loyalty?
Authors: Jyoti  , Kaur Dr. Rupinder Bir
Published: July 2023

Purpose- The purpose of the present study is to investigate the service  quality of HDFC Bank and how it affects the satisfaction and loyalty of  their customers. Finding out how customer satisfaction affects service  quality and customer loyalty among HDFC customers is the study’s  secondary goal. 

Design/Methodology/Purpose -Using a questionnaire-based survey  method, data from 120 bank customers were gathered using the  Purposive Sampling method. Of these, 55.5 per cent were female and  44.5 per cent were male.Findings-  The study’s findings showed a significant link between  customer satisfaction and service quality (H1). Results, however,  indicate that HDFC Bank customer loyalty is not significantly  influenced by service quality and customer satisfaction (H2, H3).  Additionally, this study’s findings indicate that there is no conclusive  evidence linking customer loyalty and service quality through  customer satisfaction as a mediator (H4). 

Research limitations/Implications-  Results may vary in other  countries and generalizability to the full population is constrained.  Future studies will use more varied samples or carry out more  comparable investigations in different sectors.Practical Implications- The study’s findings showed that client loyalty  cannot be assured by customer satisfaction and service quality alone.
Content Analysis of Gift Advertisements
Authors: Mahajan Drishti
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to conduct a content analysis of gift themed  advertisements that appear in the Indian print media. It seeks to contribute  to the neglected area of gift advertising by seeking to understand the  practitioners use of the gift theme. Three coders were trained to analyse  advertisements on select criteria culled from gifting literature viz., type  of product, type of relationship, gift-giving occasion, type of emotional  appeal, verbal and visual cues and gender portrayal. The study reveals  the limited popularity of the gift theme as a complete years vigil on two  popular media vehicles resulted in only 53 usable advertisements. On  the elements of type of product featured and gift giving occasion the  results are as expected but they are contrary to literature on all the other  variables. There is evidence of lack of variety in the use of the gift theme in  advertisements. This theory- practice gap in yet another area of marketing  is potentially worrisome and the possible reasons for it forwarded in this  research need to be verified by future researchers.
Geopolitics of Renewable Energy: Shaping the Global Power Landscape
Authors: Mangla Ashima
Published: July 2023

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the geopolitical  implications of the global transition towards renewable energy. It  scrutinizes the traditional energy landscape, emphasizing how fossil fuel  resources have historically shaped geopolitical power structures. The key  drivers of the shift towards renewables, such as climate change, economic  viability, and energy security, are elaborated. The paper identifies emerging  leaders in the renewable sector, namely, China and the European Union,  and discusses how their strategic positioning could reshape global power  dynamics. It examines the potential challenges associated with this energy  transition and strategies to mitigate these challenges, emphasizing the  role of international cooperation. The paper concludes that the renewable  energy revolution marks a significant shift in global geopolitics. This  research underscores the deep interconnection between energy and power,  emphasizing its enduring relevance in this renewable future.
A Data Analytics Strategy to the Underground Economy of Cybercrime
Authors: K H Sumanth  , Mr. Santhosh S G
Published: July 2023

People, organisations, and governments have tried to discover strategies to fight against the danger of large-scale cyberattacks (such as ransomware and distributed denial of service (DDoS) assaults) and criminality. In 2017, the WannaCry ransomware was to blame for approximately 45,000 strikes across nearly 100 nations. Governments are under pressure to enhance their cybersecurity spending due to the increasing effect of cybercrime. As part of his 2017 budget, U.S. President Barack Obama suggested allocating more than $19 billion on cybersecurity, a more than 35% increase over 2016. As a result, the cybercriminal underground has changed into a brand-new kind of group that runs underground marketplaces and fosters the growth of cybercriminal conspiracies. Cybercrime networks, in contrast, are lateral, diffuse, fluid, and dynamic. Governments, organisations, and people are typically unaware of the threat posed by the development of highly professional network-based cybercrime business models, such as crime ware-as-a-service (CaaS). Despite the quick rise in cyberthreats, little is known about the basics of the field or the approaches that can help practitioners and researchers in information systems who are interested in cybersecurity. Additionally, little is known about Crime-as-a-Service (CaaS), the illegal business model that supports the shadowy world of cybercrime
El notario como medida de apoyo atípica en el testamento de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Corpas Pastor Luis
Published: July 2023

La entrada en vigor de la Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio, de reforma de la legislación civil y procesal para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica (BOE núm. 132, de 3 de junio) ha supuesto una modificación sustancial del derecho de sucesiones, relativa a promover el respeto a la voluntad y las preferencias de la persona con discapacidad, y un impulso a su autonomía en la toma de sus propias decisiones. En este trabajo realizamos un comentario a las trascendentes modificaciones del Código Civil introducidas por esta ley, sobre las facilidades que el legislador da a partir de ahora a las personas con discapacidad, no solo para otorgar testamento, sino para tomar decisiones sobre su sucesión y el establecimiento de disposiciones testamentarias en plena autonomía de su voluntad, introduciendo también la posibilidad de otorgar disposiciones en beneficio de ciertos parientes cuando tuvieren derecho a sucederle ab intestato, pese a haber tenido relación de tutela, curatela o de meros cuidadores de la persona con discapacidad. Finalmente resaltamos la importancia que la nueva ley concede a la figura del notario en el aseguramiento de la voluntad fehaciente de la persona con discapacidad y hacemos mención a las posibilidades actuales tecnológicas cuya validez establece en el Código esta reforma, tales como la firma electrónica en el testamento electrónico o las peculiaridades del testamento para las personas con discapacidad visual, mediante la modificación del artículo 25 de la Ley del notariado.
The Interconnection Between Workplace Incivility, Religiosity and Employees' Psychological Well-Being: An Update of the Conservation of Resources Theory
Authors: Abualigah Ahmad , Koburtay Tamer , Syed Jawad , Arici Hasan Evrim , Aboramadan Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Drawing upon the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study contextually examines the relationship between workplace incivility and employees' psychological well- being, and the moderating effect of religiosity on this relationship. Following a quantitative approach, data were
collected from 199 employees from different service industries in Jordan and the hypotheses were tested with partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLSSEM) using SmartPLS 3.3.3. The findings show that workplace incivility negatively affects employees' psychological well-being,
and intrinsic religiosity buffers this adverse effect. Our study brings to fore the concept of religiosity, an important yet neglected personal resource. The findings extend the notion of COR theory through capturing the linkages between the focal constructs, thus contributing to the literature
through demonstrating that intrinsic religiosity, as a boundary condition, buffers the adverse effect of workplace incivility on employees' wellbeing. The study highlights in closing an array of future research directions.
Визуальная навигация и пешеходные пространства
Authors: Воличенко Ольга , Цурик Татьяна
Published: July 2023

Растущий интерес к историко-культурному наследию и развитию туристической деятельности актуализирует значение информационно-коммуникативных средств, позволяющих ориентироваться в сложившемся городском ландшафте и повышающих уровень его комфорта. С этой целью проведен исторический анализ центральных улиц города Курска. В качестве основы организации туристического маршрута рассмотрены элементы структуры пешеходного пространства и определены факторы повышения их привлекательности. Предложены рекомендации по формированию городского интерьера с использованием элементов дизайна и созданием информационно-коммуникативной системы в условиях сложившегося архитектурного облика улиц города Курска.
Конверсионные территории – катализатор городского развития
Authors: Камалова Клавдия , Логунова Елена , Кукина Ирина
Published: July 2023

Преобразование промышленно-конверсионных территорий играет важную роль в стратегии устойчивого развития городов. Рациональность, эффективность и связность становятся ключевыми характеристиками современного урбанизированного пространства. Формообразующими факторами преобразования следует считать размещение в структуре города, площадь реконструируемого земельного участка, наличие объектов культурного наследия. Главными результатами преобразования являются повышение комфорта городской среды, эффективности пользования внутригородскими землями, экономическое и социальное благополучие.
Акустика традиционного жилища и музыка Иордании
Authors: Альшурман Али Салем , Какиш РаЕд
Published: July 2023

Древняя культура Иордании развивалась на фоне своеобразного климата и пейзажа, что обусловило особенности традиционного иорданского жилища. В конструкции дома и выборе материалов обнаруживается связь с музыкальными традициями Иордании. Музыкальный жанр народной песни-рассказа и звучание народных музыкальных инструментов поддержаны звукопоглощающими свойствами традиционных строительных материалов – войлока, шерстяных тканей, самана. Пещерное жилище, также типичное для Иордании, с точки зрения акустики изучено недостаточно.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COACHING BEHAVIOR, MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE AND INTRINSIC
MOTIVATION IN CADET BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Ivanović Miroljub , Ivanović Uglješa
Published: July 2023

Aim:The aim of this research is the empirical study of coach’s social contribution to intrinsic motivation of cadet basketball players.
The research included the pertinent sample (N = 114) of participants from five basketball clubs from Valjevo. The average age of
participants was 15,36 years. Methods: The following measuring instruments were used: The Leadership Scale for Sports
questionnaire (LSS), Negative Coaching Behavior Questionnaire (UNPT), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire
(PMSCQ), and The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Results: The obtained results indicate that there are 2/3 of bivariate
correlations between the examined variables in adolescent basketball population. The applied hierarchical analysis included the
variables coach’s positive and negative actions in the first predictor group, and mastery-oriented motivational climate in the
second. The regression equation accounted for 30% of the variability of the scores on the criterion variable intrinsic motivation,
where coach’s negative actions are revealed as significant negative predictor variable, while the mastery-oriented motivational
climate was a positive predictor of the criterion. Conclusion: The possible explanations and implications were discussed in this
research. The obtained results indicate that the examined variables are relevant for understanding and predicting intrinsic
motivation in adolescent basketball players.
Key words: leadership in sport, young basketball players, subscale interests, coaching behavior
DIFFERENCES IN SHOOTING ACCURACY AND EFFICIENCY OF THE TOP WOMEN'S TEAMS AT
THE 2021 TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES
Authors: Bajgorić Sanja , Đug Muris , Rađević Nenad
Published: July 2023

This study is established on the aim to analyse a game and determine differences in a shot efficacy in an offence the woman’s
handball national teams at the Olympic games in Tokyo 2021. Four national teams were analysed: France, Russia, Norway
and Sweden. To analyse a game in the offence, 12 variables were used: total number of shots (sut_uk), efficient number of
shots (sut_usp), total number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_uk), efficient number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_us),
total number of shots from wings (sut_kril_uk), the efficient number of shots from wings (sut_kr_us), total number of shots
from 9 meters (sut_m9_uk), efficient number of shots from 9 meters (sut_m9_us), total number of shots from 7 meters
(sut_m7_uk), efficient number of shots from 7 meters (sut_m7_us), total number of fast centres (brzc_uk) and total number
of efficient fast centres (sut_brzc_us).
All national teams had the approximal number of efficient shots on a goal. The highest number of efficient shots from 6 m
had the French and Norwegian national teams. From the wing position, the highest number of efficient shots had the
Norwegian national team, while the lowest number of efficient goals from the wing position had the Russian national team.
The Norwegian and French national teams were approximately efficient in the shot’s realisation from 9 m. In a realisation of
the fast centre, the Russian national team stands out with the highest number and the French national team had the lowest
number of efficient shots.
Key words: cumulative analysis, handball, woman, shooting accuracy, efficiency,Olympic games
TRANSFONTANEAL BRAIN ULTRASOUND: A POWERFUL ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR CRITICALLY ILL NEONATES
Authors: Hadžić Devleta
Published: July 2023

The ultrasound in medicine today is already tested and proven method,with relatively longtradition and training period.It has been versed and still tested in various branches of medicine, and among the first experiences, it was in neonatesaround the 1970s.Today, monitoring and supervision critically ill neonates, particularly premature infants, placed in incubator, is almost impossible without ultrasound. By this method, we are ableexamine and evaluate critically ill neonates at the patient's bedside, with minimum manipulating, without sedation, without anesthesia or contrast agents. Transfontaneal neonatal brain ultrasoundprovides diagnosis and assessment trend of brain changes through repeated examinations, without harmful radiation to child, which is important because in some conditions, serial examination is necessary to detect the full spectrum of lesional change. This review aims to highlight the importance of transfontanel brain ultrasound in neonates, and to provide a tool for structured neonatal brain ultrasound scanning, reporting and quality assessment.Keywords:ultrasound, brain, neonate, assessment.
OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF CONVERGENT STRABISM - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Krasnić Saša , Halilbašić Meliha , Radžo Alibegović Dženana
Published: July 2023

The objective of this case report is to show the results of surgical treatment of convergent strabismus on the example of a 7-year-old patient. The treatment was conducted at The Clinic for Eye Diseases in Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina. Convergent strabismusis a sensorimotor anomaly characterized by deviation of the eyes from the parallel position, manifestly, inwards/towards the nose, often in addition with visual impairment. After applying a range of conservative treatments, surgical treatment was performed on the patient. Retropositio MRM 6 mm and Resectio MRL 7 mm were performed through surgery. Post-operative check showed that, alongside aesthetic, functional healing was achieved through operation. Key words: convergent strabismus, orthopleoptic treatment, strabismus surgery.
IKA-FLOW : A Flexible Body Overset Mesh Implementation for Fish Swimming
Authors: Coe Michael , Gutschmidt Stefanie
Published: July 2023

Simulation of inertial aquatic swimmers requires fluid structure interactions with temporal body geometry deformation. In practice,  his results in a change of the computational domain boundaries that represent the ”swimmer.” These simulations are traditionally done  sing body-fitted mesh and mesh morphing methods, but have drawbacks of negative cell volumes and small time-steps to  account for the complex swimming motion. In contrast, the overset mesh method, also provided by OpenFOAM®, overcomes most of  the drawbacks of the mesh morphing method at the expense of interpolation error. The current OpenFOAM® overset motion library only supports rigid body motion and cannot be used to resolve a body undergoing undulation. A modified motion solver is presented that allows for the complex mesh motion of an overset mesh for four body-caudal fin (BCF) virtual swimmers. The results of this solver are compared with published data of body-fitted meshes. The effect of different simulation parameters (including number of solving iterations, time delay, and temporal resolution) is investigated. Additionally, a novel simulation and comparison of the Ostraciiform locomotion mode with Anguilliform, Carangiform, and Thunniform modes are made investigating the wake, drag and lift. It is concluded that fish undulation has a marked effect on reducing lift generation. Lastly, a comparison of turbulence models (Spalart-Allmaras, k − ω SST, and k − kL − ω) at multiple Reynolds numbers shows that all three models have similar performance at lower Reynolds numbers but diverge at higher numbers.
ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT PERCEPTION AS A DETERMINANT FOR EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Ekwunife Gabriel Okafor  , Emmanuel Dibua  , Nwosu Chike
Published: July 2023

The performance of employees is crucial in influencing the survival of firms, and so, what improves the employee's performance is significant. Therefore, this study examined the workers' perception of supervisor support and how it could improve their work vigour in selected microfinance banks in southeast Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted by the study, The population of the study consisted of 500 employees of 50 microfinance banks in the region and a complete enumeration was used. A self-developed questionnaire was deployed in data collection and was analyzed using simple regression, and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance, signifying a 95% confidence level. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between supervisor support and employee vigour in the selected microfinance banks in southeast Nigeria (R = .963; RSquare = .928; F = 3314.956; P-value < 0.05). The study concluded that POS as measured by supervisor support positively correlates with employee engagement as measured by vigour in the selected microfinance banks in southeast Nigeria. Sequel to this, it was recommended that the management of the studied banks need to always evaluate what the supervisors do with the supervised because the employees equate what the supervisors do with what the firm does. This will go a long way in making the supervisors behave in the best possible way and will lead to better employee engagement.

Keywords: Engagement, Vigor, Support, Supervisor, Microfinance, Banks, Nigeria.
INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA EM MULHERES: DEFINIÇÃO, ETIOLOGIA E FATORES DE RISCO
Authors: Souza Thifisson Ribeiro de , Domingos Thandara Myllane Rodrigues , Moreira Samantha Diniz , Machado Evandro , Rabelo Núbia Nayra de Freitas , Silva Ferreira Gabriel
Published: July 2023

A incontinência urinária é um problema de saúde que afeta diversas mulheres no mundo. Estudos recentes mostram que, apesar de estar relacionado à terceira idade, a perda da continência urinária também pode ocorrer em mulheres em idade fértil que praticam exercícios físicos. O estudo presente trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura que buscou artigos das principais bases de dados objetivando definir os tipos de incontinência urinária, destacando quais são os principais fatores de risco e etiologia associados ao sexo feminino. Pode-se dizer que a incontinência urinária afeta diversas mulheres e possui classificações. Existem três tipos principais: de urgência, de estresse e por transbordamento. No entanto, alguns pacientes podem apresentar sintomas de muitos tipos diferentes (mistos) e outros podem apresentar sintomas funcionais, ou seja, pacientes com incapacidade de se locomover adequadamente, por exemplo, podem ter essa condição de forma funcional e não necessariamente patológica. Sua etiologia está relacionada principalmente com distúrbios do assoalho pélvico, hiperdistensão da bexiga e manobras de esforço. Os fatores de risco incluem: obesidade, menopausa, tipos de gestações, hipoestrogenismo e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica.
Evolution of organic carbon in the laboratory oxidation of biomass-burning emissions
Authors: Nihill Kevin J. , Coggon Matthew M. , Lim Christopher Y. , Koss Abigail R. , Yuan Bin , Krechmer Jordan E. , Sekimoto Kanako , Jimenez Jose L. , de Gouw Joost , Cappa Christopher D. , Heald Colette L. , Warneke Carsten , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of reactive organic carbon
into the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, these organic BB emissions, in
both the gas and particle phases, are subject to atmospheric oxidation,
though the nature and impact of the chemical transformations are not
currently well constrained. Here we describe experiments carried out as part
of the FIREX FireLab campaign, in which smoke from the combustion of fuels
typical of the western United States was sampled into an environmental chamber and
exposed to high concentrations of OH, to simulate the equivalent of up to
2 d of atmospheric oxidation. The evolution of the organic mixture was
monitored using three real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometric
instruments (a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, an iodide
chemical ionization mass spectrometer, and an aerosol mass spectrometer),
providing measurements of both individual species and ensemble properties of
the mixture. The combined measurements from these instruments achieve a
reasonable degree of carbon closure (within 15 %–35 %), indicating that most
of the reactive organic carbon is measured by these instruments. Consistent
with our previous studies of the oxidation of individual organic species,
atmospheric oxidation of the complex organic mixture leads to the formation
of species that on average are smaller and more oxidized than those in the
unoxidized emissions. In addition, the comparison of mass spectra from the
different fuels indicates that the oxidative evolution of BB emissions
proceeds largely independent of fuel type, with different fresh smoke
mixtures ultimately converging into a common, aged distribution of gas-phase
compounds. This distribution is characterized by high concentrations of
several small, volatile oxygenates, formed from fragmentation reactions, as
well as a complex pool of many minor oxidized species and secondary organic
aerosol, likely formed via functionalization processes.
How observations from automatic hail sensors in Switzerland shed light on local hailfall duration and compare with hailpad measurements
Authors: Kopp Jérôme , Manzato Agostino , Hering Alessandro , Germann Urs , Martius Olivia
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Measuring the properties of hailstorms is a difficult task due to the rarity and mainly small spatial extent of the events. Especially, hail observations from ground-based time-recording instruments are scarce. We present the first study of extended field observations made by a network of 80 automatic hail sensors from Switzerland. The main benefits of the sensors are the live recording of the hailstone kinetic energy and the precise timing of the impacts. Its potential limitations include a diameter-dependent dead time, which results in less than 5 % of missed impacts, and the possible recording of impacts that are not due to hail, which can be filtered using a radar reflectivity filter. We assess the robustness of the sensors' measurements by doing a statistical comparison of the sensor observations with hailpad observations, and we show that, despite their different measurement approaches, both devices measure the same hail size distributions. We then use the timing information to measure the local duration of hail events, the cumulative time distribution of impacts, and the time of the largest hailstone during a hail event. We find that 75 % of local hailfalls last just a few minutes (from less than 4.4 min to less than 7.7 min, depending on a parameter to delineate the events) and that 75 % of the impacts occur in less than 3.3 min to less than 4.7 min. This time distribution suggests that most hailstones, including the largest, fall during a first phase of high hailstone density, while a few remaining and smaller hailstones fall in a second low-density phase.
On the quasi-steady vorticity balance in the mature stage of hurricane Irma (2017)
Authors: de Jong Jasper , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , van Delden Aarnout J.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Tropical cyclone (TC) intensification is a process depending on many factors related to the thermodynamical state and environmental influences. It remains a challenge to accurately model TC intensity due to the role of unsteady features like deep convective bursts, boundary layer dynamics and eddy processes. The impermeability theorem for potential vorticity substance, PVS, on isentropic surfaces provides a way to analyze the absolute vorticity structure and tendency in TCs. We will examine this theorem in a numerical simulation of hurricane Irma (2017) near lifetime-peak intensity. Hurricane Irma was a very intense hurricane that persisted as a category five hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson intensity scale for three consecutive days, the longest for any Atlantic hurricane since satellite observations. During this period the intensity of Irma was remarkably constant. According to the impermeability theorem, the radially outward vorticity flux due to divergence above the atmospheric boundary layer must be compensated by an equally strong radially inward vorticity flux due to the effect of diabatic heating in the presence of vertical wind shear. The model results agree with this theorem and we find a strong anticorrelation between the advective and diabatic components of the radial vorticity flux. The impact of parametrized turbulence on the vorticity balance is found to be weak and does not explain the residual flux that would otherwise close the vorticity balance.
River flow in the near future: a global perspective in the context of a high-emission climate change scenario
Authors: Müller Omar Vicente , McGuire Patrick , Vidale Pier Luigi , Hawkins Ed
Published: July 2023

Abstract. There is high confidence that global warming intensifies all components of the global water cycle. Our goal is to investigate the possible effects of the global warming on river flows worldwide in the coming decades. We conducted 18 global hydrological simulations to assess how the river flows are expected to change in the near future (2015–2050) compared to the recent past (1950–2014). The simulations are forced by runoff from HighResMIP-CMIP6 GCMs, which assume a high-emission scenario for the projections. The assessment includes estimating the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the time of emergence (ToE) of all the rivers in the world, with further evaluation of those presenting significant departures from their historic mean flow. Consistent with the water cycle intensification, the hydrological simulations project a clear positive global river discharge trend from ~2000, that emerges beyond the levels of natural variability and becomes 'unfamiliar' by 2017 and 'unusual' by 2033. This climate change signal is dominated by strong increases in flows of rivers originating in central Africa, east Russia, Alaska and Greenland. African rivers project most future annual cycles above the climatological annual cycle, with the largest differences occurring during peak flows. Recent unprecedent floods in the Republic of Congo, D.R.C., Nigeria, and Chad highlight the potential catastrophic consequences of these changes in metropolitan areas. However, the positive trend of Lake Chad tributaries may aid its recovery from the strong reduction observed since the 1970s. Lastly, the projected Nile streamflow rise reinforces the need for collaboration in dam management. The simulated and observed extra release of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean produces a freshening of the ocean, potentially impacting the global ocean overturning circulation. It is concerning that several important rivers are projected to exceed their natural variability. However, the hydrological predictions assume a very high baseline emission scenario and should be interpreted as an upper limit for decision-making.
Persistent Climate Model Biases in the Atlantic Ocean's Freshwater Transport
Authors: van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is considered to be one of the most dangerous climate tipping elements. From idealised model studies, it is known that the tipping behaviour is caused by a positive salt-advection feedback, which is strongly connected to the Atlantic Ocean's freshwater transport. In earlier model studies, using climate models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (phase 3 and phase 5), biases in this freshwater transport have been identified. Here, we show that these biases persist in CMIP phase~6 models, as well as in a climate model with an eddying ocean, and provide a more detailed analysis of the origin of the biases. The most important model bias is in the Atlantic Surface Water properties, which arises from deficiencies in the surface freshwater flux over the Indian Ocean. The second largest bias is in the properties in the North Atlantic Deep Water and arises through deficiencies in the freshwater flux over the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre region. Due to the biases, the Atlantic Ocean's freshwater transport is not in agreement with available observations and the strength of the salt advection feedback is underestimated. To better project future AMOC behaviour, an urgent effort is needed to reduce biases in the atmospheric components of current climate models.
Reanalysis of NOAA H2 observations: implications for the H2 budget
Authors: Paulot Fabien , Pétron Gabrielle , Crotwell Andrew M. , Bertagni Matteo B.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Hydrogen (H2) is being considered for many applications as an alternative to fossil fuels. Robust assessment of the climate implications of increased H2 usage in the global economy is partly hindered by uncertainties in its biogeochemical cycle. Here we use NOAA H2 dry air mole fraction observations from air samples collected from ground-based and ship platforms from 2010 to 2019 to evaluate the representation of H2 in the NOAA GFDL-AM4.1 atmospheric chemistry-climate model. We find that the model captures the observed interhemispheric gradient well but underestimates the surface concentration of H2 by about 10 ppbv. Observations show a 1–2 ppbv/year mean increase in surface H2 at background stations, while the simulated H2 exhibits no significant change over the 2010–2019 period. We show that this model bias is primarily driven by the estimated decrease of anthropogenic emissions, mostly from transportation, and that including leakage from H2-producing facilities can improve the simulated trend. We find that changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and snow cover likely increase the magnitude and modify spatial distribution of the soil sink, the most important removal mechanism for atmospheric H2. However, the magnitude and even the sign of such changes is uncertain due to fundamental gaps in our understanding of H2 soil removal, such as the minimum soil moisture for H2 soil uptake. We show that the observed meridional gradient of H2 mixing ratio and its seasonality provide important constraints to test and refine parameterizations of H2 soil removal.
Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations derived from the CAMS reanalysis
Authors: Block Karoline , Haghighatnasab Mahnoosh , Partridge Daniel G. , Stier Philip , Quaas Johannes
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Determining concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is one of the first steps in the chain in analysis of cloud droplet formation, the direct microphysical link between aerosols and cloud droplets, a process key for aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). However, due to sparse coverage of in-situ measurements and difficulties associated with retrievals from satellites, a global exploration of their magnitude, source, temporal and spatial distribution cannot be easily obtained. Thus, a better representation of CCN is one of the goals for quantifying ACI processes and achieving uncertainty reduced estimates of their associated radiative forcing. Here, we introduce a new CCN dataset which is derived based on aerosol mass mixing ratios from the latest Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis (RA: EAC4) in a diagnostic model that uses CAMSRA aerosol properties and a simplified kappa-Köhler framework suitable for global models. The emitted aerosols in CAMS are not only based on input from emission inventories using aerosol observations, they also have a strong tie to satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) as this is assimilated as a constraining factor in the reanalysis. Furthermore, the reanalysis interpolates for cases of poor or missing retrievals and thus allows for a full spatio-temporal quantification of CCN. This paper illustrates the temporal and spatial structure of CCN and their abundance in the atmosphere. A brief evaluation with ground based in-situ measurements demonstrates the improvement of the modeled CCN over the sole use of AOD as a proxy for CCN. The CCN dataset, which is now freely available to users (Block, 2023), features 3-D CCN concentrations of global coverage for various supersaturations and aerosol species covering the years from 2003 to 2021 with daily frequency. This dataset is one of its kind as it offers lots of opportunities to be used for evaluation in models and in ACI studies.
A machine learning approach targeting parameter estimation for plant functional type coexistence modeling using ELM-FATES (v2.0)
Authors: Li Lingcheng , Fang Yilin , Zheng Zhonghua , Shi Mingjie , Longo Marcos , Koven Charles D. , Holm Jennifer A. , Fisher Rosie A. , McDowell Nate G. , Chambers Jeffrey , Leung L. Ruby
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Tropical forest dynamics play a crucial role in the global carbon, water,
and energy cycles. However, realistically simulating the dynamics of
competition and coexistence between different plant functional types (PFTs)
in tropical forests remains a significant challenge. This study aims to
improve the modeling of PFT coexistence in the Functionally Assembled
Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), a vegetation demography model
implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model
(ELM), ELM-FATES. Specifically, we explore (1) whether plant trait
relationships established from field measurements can constrain ELM-FATES
simulations and (2) whether machine learning (ML)-based surrogate models
can emulate the complex ELM-FATES model and optimize parameter selections to
improve PFT coexistence modeling. We conducted three ensembles of ELM-FATES
experiments at a tropical forest site near Manaus, Brazil. By comparing the
ensemble experiments without (Exp-CTR) and with (Exp-OBS) consideration of
observed trait relationships, we found that accounting for these
relationships slightly improves the simulations of water, energy, and carbon
variables when compared to observations but degrades the simulation of PFT
coexistence. Using ML-based surrogate models trained on Exp-CTR, we
optimized the trait parameters in ELM-FATES and conducted another ensemble
of experiments (Exp-ML) with these optimized parameters. The proportion of
PFT coexistence experiments significantly increased from 21 % in Exp-CTR
to 73 % in Exp-ML. After filtering the experiments that allow for PFT
coexistence to agree with observations (within 15 % tolerance), 33 % of
the Exp-ML experiments were retained, which is a significant improvement
compared to the 1.4 % in Exp-CTR. Exp-ML also accurately reproduces the annual
means and seasonal variations in water, energy, and carbon fluxes and the
field inventory of aboveground biomass. This study represents a
reproducible method that utilizes machine learning to identify parameter
values that improve model fidelity against observations and PFT coexistence
in vegetation demography models for diverse ecosystems. Our study also
suggests the need for new mechanisms to enhance the robust simulation of
coexisting plants in ELM-FATES and has significant implications for
modeling the response and feedbacks of ecosystem dynamics to climate change.