bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up and recurrence rate after mesorectum‐sparing bowel resection among women with rectovaginal endometriosis
Authors: Mangler Mandy , Herbstleb Julia , Mechsner Sylvia , Bartley Julia , Schneider Achim , Köhler Christhardt
Published: March 2014

Objective

To demonstrate the quality of a combined vaginal–abdominal surgical approach to rectovaginal endometriosis by analyzing long‐term outcome and recurrence rates.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study in Berlin, Germany, women with endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum were enrolled between September 2004 and December 2012. Bowel infiltration was verified intraoperatively and treated by a nerve‐sparing, mesentery‐preserving vaginal–abdominal operative approach. Operative results were evaluated by assessing short‐ and long‐term complications and recurrence rates.

Results

During the study period, 110 women underwent surgery. For 71 (64.5%) patients, bowel infiltration was confirmed intraoperatively. Overall, 15% of the patients had peri‐ or postoperative complications. No long‐term complications occurred. After a median follow‐up of 64 months, no recurrence in the rectovaginal septum was observed among the study patients. The recurrence of pelvic endometriosis was 15%.

Conclusion

The surgical nerve‐sparing approach to rectovaginal endometriosis was confirmed to facilitate precise diagnosis and treatment with minimal morbidity and a long‐term complication rate of 0%.
Continuity of the Peierls barrier and robustness of laminations
Authors: MRAMOR BLAŽ , RINK BOB
Published: March 2014

We study the Peierls barrier$P_{\omega }(\xi )$for a broad class of monotone variational problems. These problems arise naturally in solid state physics and from Hamiltonian twist maps. We start by deriving an estimate for the difference$\vert P_{\omega }(\xi ) - P_{q/p}(\xi ) \vert $of the Peierls barriers of rotation numbers$\omega \in {{\mathbb{R}}}$and$q/p\in {\mathbb{Q}}$. A similar estimate was obtained by Mather [Modulus of continuity for Peierls’s barrier.Proc. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Periodic Solutions of Hamiltonian Systems and Related Topics (Il Ciocco, Italy, 13–18 October 1986) (NATO Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser. C Math. Phys. Sci., 209).Eds. P. H. Rabinowitz, A. Ambrosetti and I. Eckeland. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987, pp. 177–202] in the context of twist maps, but our proof is different and applies more generally. It follows from the estimate that$\omega \mapsto P_{\omega }(\xi )$is continuous at irrational points. Moreover, we show that the Peierls barrier depends continuously on parameters and hence that the property that a monotone variational problem admits a lamination of minimizers of rotation number$\omega \in {{\mathbb{R}}}\delimiter "026E30F {\mathbb{Q}}$is open in the$C^1$-topology.
Grothendieck groups of complexes with null-homotopies
Authors: Dugger Daniel
Published: March 2014

This paper uses differential-graded methods to give a streamlined proof of a theorem of Foxby-Halvorson. The theorem states that certain relative K-groups made from complexes with bounded (but arbitrarily long) length coincide with similar K-groups in which one sets an absolute bound on the length of the complexes.
Pilot-wave dynamics in a rotating frame: on the emergence of orbital quantization
Authors: Oza Anand U. , Harris Daniel M. , Rosales Rodolfo R. , Bush John W. M.
Published: March 2014

We present the results of a theoretical investigation of droplets walking on a rotating vibrating fluid bath. The droplet’s trajectory is described in terms of an integro-differential equation that incorporates the influence of its propulsive wave force. Predictions for the dependence of the orbital radius on the bath’s rotation rate compare favourably with experimental data and capture the progression from continuous to quantized orbits as the vibrational acceleration is increased. The orbital quantization is rationalized by assessing the stability of the orbital solutions, and may be understood as resulting directly from the dynamic constraint imposed on the drop by its monochromatic guiding wave. The stability analysis also predicts the existence of wobbling orbital states reported in recent experiments, and the absence of stable orbits in the limit of large vibrational forcing.
Exact Analytical Solution for the Peristaltic Flow of Nanofluids in an Asymmetric Channel with Slip Effect of the Velocity, Temperature and Concentration
Authors: Aly E. H. , Ebaid A.
Published: March 2014

The peristaltic flow of nanofluids under the effect of slip conditions was theoretically investigated. The mathematical model was governed by a system of linear and non-linear partial differential equations with prescribed boundary conditions. Then, the exact solutions were successfully obtained and reported for the first time in the present work. These exact solutions were then used for studying the effects of the slip, thermophoresis, Brownian motion parameters and many others on the pressure rise, velocity profiles, temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration and pressure gradient. In addition, it is proved that the obtained exact solutions are reduced to the literature results in the special cases.

In the general case, it was found that on comparing the current solutions with the approximate ones obtained using the homotopy perturbation method in literature, remarkable differences have been detected for behaviour of the pressure rise, velocity profiles, temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration and finally the pressure gradient. An example of these differences is about effect of the Brownian motion parameter on the velocity profile; where it was shown in this paper that the small values of this parameter have not a significant effect on the velocity, while this situation was completely different in the published work. Many other significant differences have been also discussed. Therefore, these observed differences recommend the necessity of including the convergence issue when applying the homotopy perturbation method or any other series solution method to solve a physical model. In conclusion. The current results may be considered as a base for any future analysis and/or comparisons.
Travelling Wave Solutions for the Unsteady Flow of a Third Grade Fluid Induced Due to Impulsive Motion of Flat Porous Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium
Authors: Aziz T. , Mahomed F. M. , Shahzad A. , Ali R.
Published: March 2014

This work describes the time-dependent flow of an incompressible third grade fluid filling the porous half space over an infinite porous plate. The flow is induced due to the motion of the porous plate in its own plane with an arbitrary velocityV(t). Translational type symmetries are employed to perform the travelling wave reduction into an ordinary differential equation of the governing nonlinear partial differential equation which arises from the laws of mass and momentum. The reduced ordinary differential equation is solved exactly, for a particular case, as well as by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The better solution from the physical point of view is argued to be the HAM solution. The essentials features of the various emerging parameters of the flow problem are presented and discussed.
Newton's Laws of Motion Based Substantial Aether Theory for Electro-Magnetic Wave
Authors: Lin T.-W. , Lin H.
Published: March 2014

Even though electro-magnetic wave can be calculated from Maxwell's equations, the cause of electro-magnetic waves has not been fully understood. This paper proposes a Newton's laws of motion based aether theory to derive identical results as those from Maxwell's equations for free field. The authors suggest that every aether particle has a mass and occupies a volume in space. Every aether particle has translational movement and particle spin movement. The translational movement is similar to the gas particle moving in the air and it does not produce an electro-magnetic wave. The particle spin movement generates shear and a spin wave that will be shown to have the same results as Maxwell's equations. Detailed derivation of electro-magnetic wave solutions from the proposed aether theory and Maxwell's equations is presented in this paper to show the validation of this model.
Convective-Radiation Effects on Stagnation Point Flow of Nanofluids over a Stretching/Shrinking Surface with Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Pal D. , Vajravelu K. , G. Mandal
Published: March 2014

In this paper, mixed convection stagnation point flow of nanofluids over a stretching/shrinking surface is studied numerically in the presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, by using a similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically using a fifth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters are analyzed and discussed. Computed results are presented in graphical and tabular forms. It is found that the Richardson number, thermal radiation and internal heat generation/absorption have interesting and significant effects on skin-friction and local Nusselt number for all the three types of nanofluids.
Conservation of cattle genetic resources: the role of breeds
Authors: FELIUS M. , THEUNISSEN B. , LENSTRA J. A.
Published: March 2014

Focusing on cattle (Bos taurus, Bos indicus), the present paper discusses the concept of the breed in the context of the dynamic history of livestock domestication. A breed categorization is proposed on the basis of how the breeds came into existence. The online Appendix (available athttp://journals.cambridge.org/AGS) presents a survey of the cattle breeds of the world consisting of: (1) a list of breeds per country and then subdivided according to the proposed categories; (2) a list of breed names, including synonyms and translations, ordered according to a comprehensive breed classification; and (3) an alphabetical list of these names. The commonly accepted perceptions of breeds and how these are influenced by the nomenclature are described. Considering the history of breeds, it is argued that conservation of genetic diversity does not necessarily imply conservation of breeds. However, breeds are instrumental for the conservation of genetic diversity as independent genetic management units. These considerations may very well be extrapolated to other domestic species.
The Bridal-Mystical Motif in Bernard of Clairvaux and Martin Luther
Authors: KILCREASE JACK
Published: March 2014

This article discusses Martin Luther's appropriation of the tradition of bridal-mysticism, and contrasts it with that of Bernard of Clairvaux. According to Bernard, through the power of divine grace, the human person and God both come to find each other objects of mutual desire. By contrast, Luther, inFreedom of a Christian(1520), uses the bridal motif to describe the divine-human relationship as one of promise and trust. In this, the Reformer both appropriates and significantly reinterprets the bridal-mystical motif in accordance with the claims of his newly-minted Reformation theology of justification through faith.
The Garden of Anguish: Gethsemane in Early Modern England
Authors: COVINGTON SARAH
Published: March 2014

Few biblical episodes have generated more theological interpretation across the centuries than that of Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemane, where he appears fearfully to resist the divine will in the moments before the passion sequence is initiated. Scholars of the early modern period, however, have tended not to notice how central the scene became in the wake of Protestant and Catholic reformation developments, renewed calls for spiritual self-examination and the resurgent phenomenon of martyrdom. This article addresses this lacuna by arguing that, in the case of England, Jesus in Gethsemane not only held acute resonances across different confessions, but resulted in interpretations that perpetuated a new kind of subjectivity, and one that influenced modernity and its notions of the divided self in a state of faith and doubt.
Cervical emphysema: an unusual presentation of laryngeal cancer
Authors: Pézier T , Schuknecht B , Schmid S , Huber G
Published: March 2014

Background:

Acute respiratory decompensation can occur on a background of slowly progressive airway compromise, for example in laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Surgeons in ENT, together with anaesthetists, are often asked to evaluate airway risk and as yet there is no widely adopted standardised approach.

Case report:

This paper reports the case of an 82-year-old male, who presented with acute airway compromise due to both endolaryngeal obstruction from a squamous cell cancer and extralaryngeal compression from massive subcutaneous emphysema.

Results:

Primary total laryngectomy was performed, but the patient declined adjuvant radiotherapy. He died a year later from a heart attack without evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute airway compromise from extralaryngeal subcutaneous emphysema secondary to laryngeal cancer. Options for acute airway management are discussed.
An application of graphical enumeration to PA
Authors: Weiermann Andreas
Published: March 2014

Forαless thanε0letNαbe the number of occurrences ofωin the Cantor normal form ofα. Further let ∣n∣ denote the binary length of a natural numbern, let ∣n∣hdenote theh-times iterated binary length ofnand let inv(n) be the leasthsuch that ∣n∣h≤ 2. We show that for any natural numberhfirst order Peano arithmetic, PA, does not prove the following sentence: For allKthere exists anMwhich bounds the lengthsnof all strictly descending sequences 〈α0, …,αn〉 of ordinals less thanε0which satisfy the condition that the NormNαiof thei-th termαiis bounded byK+ ∣i∣ · ∣i∣i.

As a supplement to this (refined Friedman style) independence result we further show that e.g., primitive recursive arithmetic, PRA, proves that for allKthere is anMwhich bounds the lengthnof any strictly descending sequence 〈α0, …,αn〉 of ordinals less thanε0which satisfies the condition that the NormNαiof thei-th termαiis bounded byK+ ∣i∣ · inv(i). The proofs are based on results from proof theory and techniques from asymptotic analysis of Polya-style enumerations.

Using results from Otter and from Matoušek and Loebl we obtain similar characterizations for finite bad sequences of finite trees in terms of Otter's tree constant 2.9557652856.…
Splitting Pκλ into stationary subsets
Authors: Matsubara Yo
Published: March 2014

We show that if κ is an inaccessible cardinal then Pκλ splits into λ<κ many disjoint stationary subsets. We also show that if Pκλ carries a strongly saturated ideal then the nonstationary ideal cannot be λ+-saturated.
Extensions séparées et immédiates de corps valués
Authors: Delon Françoise
Published: March 2014

Baur a défini la notion d'extension séparée de corps valués et montré que toute extension d'un corps maximal est séparée. Nous prouvons que, si (K, υ) est henselien et de caractéristique résiduelle nulle, alors (K, υ) ⊂ (L, w) est séparée ssi L est linéairement disjoint sur K de toute extension immédiate de K.

Separated and immediate extensions of valued fields. The notion of separated extension of valued fields was introduced by Baur. He showed that extensions of maximal fields are separated. We prove that, when (K, υ) is Henselian with residual characteristic 0, then (K, υ) ⊂ (L, w) is separated iff L is linearly disjoint over K from each immediate extension of K.
MM. Borel, Tits, Zil′ber et le Général Nonsense
Authors: Poizat Bruno
Published: March 2014

Le rêve secret de tout logicien, c’est de prouver un résultat mathématique significatif avec des moyens de fortune; ce rêve se réalise parfois de manière quelque peu biaisée, le théorème obtenu n’étant qu’une version trop simplifiée, ou bien trop adaptée aux besoins de la logique, pour convaincre un mathématicien normal. C’est pour cela que j’annonce d’emblée la couleur, et que je précise les règles du jeu: la version du théorème de Borel-Tits que je vais montrer, concernant les groupes algébriques simples sur un corps de base algébriquement clos, sera considérée comme pratiquement évidente par un géomètre; mais c’est, à mon avis, la seule qui ait un intérêt pour un théoricien des modèles.

Quand on entreprend ainsi de redémontrer une version simple d’un résultat par ailleurs bien connu, le seul intérêt est dans la méthode: ce que je veux, ici, c’est présenter une preuve qui n’utilise aucune information, ou presque, sur la structure algébrique de ces groupes; il est même souhaitable d’oublier qu’il s’agit de groupes linéaires! Elle repose sur des résultats généraux concernant les groupes de rang de Morley fini, dus à divers auteurs, dont le principal, Boris Iosifovič Zil′ber, a déjà fait une tentative similaire [Zil′ber 1984]; je poursuis ici cette tentative, mais en me limitant à des arguments encore moins spécifiques au contexte de la géométrie.

Si je fais ainsi, ce n’est pas pour donner l’impression que l’unique ambition de la théorie des modèles est de montrer des résultats triviaux par des méthodes triviales.
Σ2-collection and the infinite injury priority method
Authors: Mytilinaios Michael E. , Slaman Theodore A.
Published: March 2014

We show that the existence of a recursively enumerable set whose Turing degree is neither low nor complete cannot be proven from the basic axioms of first order arithmetic (P−) together with Σ2-collection (BΣ2). In contrast, a high (hence, not low) incomplete recursively enumerable set can be assembled by a standard application of the infinite injury priority method. Similarly, for each n, the existence of an incomplete recursively enumerable set that is neither lown nor highn-1, while true, cannot be established in P− + BΣn+1. Consequently, no bounded fragment of first order arithmetic establishes the facts that the highn and lown jump hierarchies are proper on the recursively enumerable degrees.
On Π1-automorphisms of recursive linear orders
Authors: Kierstead Henry A.
Published: March 2014

If σ is the order type of a recursive linear order which has a nontrivial automorphism, we let denote the least complexity in the arithmetical hierarchy such that every recursive order of type σ has a nontrivial automorphism of complexity . In Chapter 16 of his book Linear orderings [R], Rosenstein discussed the problem of determining for certain order types σ. For example Rosenstein proved that , where ζ is the order type of the integers, by constructing a recursive linear order of type ζ which has no nontrivial Σ1-automorphism and showing that every recursive linear order of type ζ has a nontrivial Π1-automorphism. Rosenstein also considered linear orders of order type 2 · η, where 2 is the order type of a two-element chain and η is the order type of the rational numbers. It is easily seen that any recursive linear order of type 2 · η has a nontrivial ⊿2-automorphism; he showed that there is a recursive linear order of type 2 · η that has no nontrivial Σ1-automorphism. This left the question, posed in [R] and also by Lerman and Rosenstein in [LR], of whether or ⊿2. The main result of this article is that :
Σ1 definitions with parameters
Authors: Slaman T. A.
Published: March 2014

Let p be a set. A function Φ is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set if there is a Σ1 formula ϕ in the parameter p so that ϕ defines Φ in every Σ1-admissible set which includes p. A theorem of Van de Wiele states that if Φ is a total function from sets to sets then Φ is uniformly Σ1 in every admissible set if and only if it is E-recursive. A function is ESp-recursive if it can be generated from the schemes for E-recursion together with a selection scheme over the transitive closure of p. The selection scheme is exactly what is needed to insure that the ESP-recursively enumerable predicates are closed under existential quantification over the transitive closure of p. Two theorems are established: a) If the transitive closure of p is countable then a total function on sets is ESp-recursive if and only if it is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set. b) For any p, if Φ is a function on the ordinal numbers then Φ is ESP-recursive if and only if it is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set.
An interpretation of “finite” modal first-order languages in classical second-order languages
Authors: Lehmann Scott K.
Published: March 2014

This note describes a simple interpretation * of modal first-order languages K with but finitely many predicates in derived classical second-order languages L(K) such that if Γ is a set of K-formulae, Γ is satisfiable (according to Kripke's 55 semantics) iff Γ* is satisfiable (according to standard (or nonstandard) second-order semantics).

The motivation for the interpretation is roughly as follows. Consider the “true” modal semantics, in which the relative possibility relation is universal. Here the necessity operator can be considered a universal quantifier over possible worlds. A possible world itself can be identified with an assignment of extensions to the predicates and of a range to the quantifiers; if the quantifiers are first relativized to an existence predicate, a possible world becomes simply an assignment of extensions to the predicates. Thus the necessity operator can be taken to be a universal quantifier over a class of assignments of extensions to the predicates. So if these predicates are regarded as naming functions from extensions to extensions, the necessity operator can be taken as a string of universal quantifiers over extensions.

The alphabet of a “finite” modal first-order language K shall consist of a non-empty countable set Var of individual variables, a nonempty finite set Pred of predicates, the logical symbols ‘¬’ ‘∧’, and ‘∧’, and the operator ‘◊’. The formation rules of K generate the usual Polish notations as K-formulae. ‘ν’, ‘ν1’, … range over Var, ‘P’ over Pred, ‘A’ over K-formulae, and ‘Γ’ over sets of K-formulae.
Modal formulas are either elementary or not ΣΔ-elementary
Authors: van Benthem J. F. A. K.
Published: March 2014

In this paper we prove that if L is a set of modal propositional formulas then FR(L) (the class of all frames in which every formula of L holds) is elementary, Δ-elementary or not ΣΔ-elementary. For single modal formulas the second of these cases does not occur.

The model theoretic terminology and results used here are from [1]. (The underlying first order language contains only one, binary, predicate letter in addition to the identity symbol.) We presuppose familiarity with the usual notions and notations of propositional modal logic. A structure for our first order language is called a frame. (So a frame is an ordered couple 〈W, R〉 with domain W and R a binary predicate on W, i.e. a subset of W × W.) A valuation V on F is a function from the set of proposition letters to the power set of W. Using the well-known Kripke truth definition V can be extended to a function from the set of all modal propositional formulas to the power set of W. A modal propositional formula φ holds in a frame F (= 〈W, R〉) if, for all V on F, V(φ) = W. Notation: FR(φ) for the class of all frames in which φ holds. For a set L of modal propositional formulas we define FR(L) as ⋂φ∈LFR(φ). Obviously both FR(L) and cFR(L) (the complement of FR(L)) are closed under isomorphisms.
α-decompositions of α-spaces
Authors: Fowler Northrup
Published: March 2014

The concept of an α-space was introduced and studied by Dekker in [1] and [2] from which we take our terminology and notation. The reader is assumed to be familiar with their contents. In this paper we are interested in the following conjecture which appears in [2, p. 493]:

(*) S ⊕ C = V and S ∥ C and V an α-space ⇒ both S and C are α-spaces.

It can be simply rephrased as:

(**) The two components of an α-decomposition of an α-space are both α-spaces.

In either form it is relevant to the ideas of α-subspace and α-homomorphism. Dekker [2, T5] has established (*) in the case S (or C) is an isolic α-space. In this paper we will prove (*) in two specific cases, one of which is a generalization of Dekker's result.
Gödel's Second incompleteness theorem for Q
Authors: Bezboruah A. , Shepherdson J. C.
Published: March 2014

For the first Gödel incompleteness theorem, the existence in a formal system of arithmetic L of a sentence which is neither provable nor refutable, all that is required of the formula Th(x) of L used to express the notion ‘x is the g.n. (gödel number) of a theorem of L’ is mere numeralwise correctness, i.e. that for a numeral n, Th(n) is provable in L iff n is the g.n. of a theorem of L. It is well known that much more is needed for the second Gödel incompleteness theorem, the unprovability in L of the formula Con =df ¬(∃y, z)(Th(y) ∧ Th(z) ∧ neg(z, y)), which (if neg expresses negation) expresses the consistency of L. Conditions sufficient for this second theorem, more or less as stated by Hilbert-Bernays [1, p. 286] and elegantly formulated by Löb [2] may with a cavalier disregard for the distinction between use and mention be stated thus: The result of the first incompleteness theorem: there is a sentence G such that ⊢G ↔ ¬Th G), together with, if ⊢A then ⊢Th A, if ⊢(A → B) then ⊢(Th A → Th B), ⊢(Th A → Th Th A). On the other hand Feferman [3], Kreisel [4, p. 154] and Jeroslow [9] have given examples of systems and consistency formulae, based on numeralwise correct formulae Th(x), which are provable within the system.
The ⊰-order on submodels
Authors: Marcus Leo
Published: March 2014

The relation M1 ⊰ M2, where M1 and M2 are elementary submodels of a given model M, defines a partial ordering ⊰(M). A natural question is: What are the general properties of this ordering and what special properties can it have for given M? Here we give an example of a prime model M for which ⊰(M) is a dense linear order, in particular ⊰(M) is isomorphic to the natural order of (− ∞, ∞], the reals with a last element (Theorem 1). In fact, this is the only way for ⊰(M) to be a linear order when M is prime (Theorem 3).

We then remark that if N is a model of an ℵ0-categorical theory then ⊰(N) cannot be a linear order, but we give an example where ⊰(N) is a dense partial order, N a model of an ℵ0-categorical theory.

Independently, and about the same time, Benda [1] found nonprime models M where ⊰(M) is isomorphic to any one of a large class of orders, including (− ∞, ∞]. His methods are very similar to ours.

Notation. We assume the reader is familar with Vaught [2] where he will find the definitions and standard results pertaining to prime models, homogeneous models, and ℵ0-categorical theories.
Minimal upper bounds for ascending sequences of α-recursively enumerable degrees
Authors: Chong C. T.
Published: March 2014

Let a be an admissible ordinal and let ∧ ≤ α be a limit ordinal. A sequence of a-r.e. degrees is said to be ascending, simultaneous and of length ∧ if (i) there is an α-recursive function t: α × ∧ → α such that, for all ϒ < ∧, Aϒ = {t(σ, ϒ)∣ σ < α} is of degree aϒ; (ii) if ϒ < ⊤ < ∧, then aϒ ≤αaτ and (iii) for all ϒ < ∧, there is a ⊤ > ϒ with aϒ, >αaϒ. Lerman [4] showed that such an exists for every ∧ ≤ α. An upper bound a of is an α-r.e. degree in which every element of is α-recursive. a is minimal if there is no α-r.e. degree b <αa which is also an upper bound of . Sacks [6] proved that every ascending sequence of simultaneously ω-r.e. degrees of length ω cannot have 0ω′, the complete ω-r.e. degree, as a minimal upper bound. In contrast, Cooper [2] showed that there exists an ascending sequence of simultaneously ω-r.e. degrees of length to having a minimal upper bound which is an ω-r.e. degree. In this paper we investigate the behavior of ascending sequences of simultaneously α-r.e. degrees for admissible ordinals α > ω. Call α Σ∞-admissibIe if it is Σn-nadmissible for all n. Let Φ(∧) say: No ascending sequence of simultaneously α-r.e. degrees of length ∧ can have 0α′, the complete α-r.e. degree, as a minimal upper bound. Our main result in this paper is:

Let α be either a constructible cardinal with σ2ci(α) < α or Σ∞-admissible. Then σ2cf(α) is the least ordinal ν for which every ∧ ≤ α of cofinality ν (over Lα) can satisfy Φ(∧).
On an algebra of sets of finite sequences
Authors: Donald Monk J.
Published: March 2014

The algebras studied in this paper were suggested to the author by William Craig as a possible substitute for cylindric algebras. Both kinds of algebras may be considered as algebraic versions of first-order logic. Cylindric algebras can be introduced as follows. Let ℒ be a first-order language, and let be an ℒ-structure. We assume that ℒ has a simple infinite sequence ν0, ν1, … of individual variables, and we take as known what it means for a sequence ν0, ν1, … of individual variables, and we take as known what it means for a sequence x = 〈x0, x1, …〉 of elements of to satisfy a formula ϕ of ℒ in . Let ϕ be the collection of all sequences x which satisfy ϕ in . We can perform certain natural operations on the sets ϕ, of basic model-theoretic significance: Boolean operations = cylindrifications diagonal elements (0-ary operations) . In this way we make the class of all sets ϕ into an algebra; a natural abstraction gives the class of all cylindric set algebras (of dimension ω). Thus this method of constructing an algebraic counterpart of first-order logic is based upon the notion of satisfaction of a formula by an infinite sequence of elements. Since, however, a formula has only finitely many variables occurring in it, it may seem more natural to consider satisfaction by a finite sequence of elements; then ϕ becomes a collection of finite sequences of varying ranks (cf. Tarski [10]). In forming an algebra of sets of finite sequences it turns out to be possible to get by with only finitely many operations instead of the infinitely many ci's and dij's of cylindric algebras. Let be the class of all algebras of sets of finite sequences (an exact definition is given in §1).
On some Alleged Decision Procedures for S4
Authors: Willam H. Hanson
Published: March 2014

In [1] Anderson gave what he claimed was a decision procedure for Lewis's calculus S4. One of the proofs of [1] was faulty, however, and he sought to remedy the situation in [2] by modifying slightly one of the conditions of the decision procedure of [1]. Poliferno subsequently reported in [5] that, according to Anderson, the procedure of [2] was not adequate either, but tha t a correct decision procedure for S4 could be obtained by combining the procedures of [1] and [2]. The purpose of the present note is to show tha t none of the three procedures referred to above are correct decision procedures for S4.
Female tigerPanthera tigrishome range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management
Authors: Simcharoen Achara , Savini Tommaso , Gale George A. , Simcharoen Saksit , Duangchantrasiri Somphot , Pakpien Somporn , Smith James L.D.
Published: March 2014

TigersPanthera tigrisare highly threatened and continue to decline across their entire range. Actions to restore and conserve populations need to be based on science but, in South-east Asia, information on ecology and behaviour of tigers is lacking. This study reports the relationship between the home range size of female tigers and prey abundance, using data from radio-collared tigers in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, and published data from other studies. A total of 11 tigers, four males and seven females, were fitted with global positioning system collars, to estimate home ranges using 95 and 100% minimum convex polygons (MCP). Prey abundance was estimated by faecal accumulation rates. The mean home range size of male tigers was 267 and 294 km2based on 95 and 100% MCPs, respectively; the mean female home range size was 70 and 84 km2, respectively. Territories of male and female tigers had little overlap, which indicated both sexes were territorial. Mean densities of the prey species sambarRusa unicolor, barking deerMuntiacus muntjacand large bovids were 7.5, 3.5 and 3.0 km−2, respectively. When female home range size and prey abundance were compared at six locations in Thailand, and at other sites in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Russia, a significant negative correlation was found between prey abundance and home range size. Monitoring this relationship can provide managers with metrics for setting conservation goals.
Tools for thinking applied to nature: an inclusive pedagogical framework for environmental education
Authors: Root-Bernstein Meredith , Root-Bernstein Michele , Root-Bernstein Robert
Published: March 2014

An effective educational framework is necessary to develop the engagement of children and adults with nature. Here we show how the tools for thinking framework can be applied to this end. The tools comprise 13 sensory-based cognitive skills that form the basis for formalized expressions of knowledge and understanding in the sciences and arts. These skills are explicitly taught in some curricula. We review evidence of specific tools for thinking in the self-reported thinking processes and influential childhood experiences of prominent biologists, conservationists and naturalists. Tools such as imaging, abstracting, pattern recognition, dimensional thinking, empathizing, modelling and synthesizing play key roles in practical ecology, biogeography and animal behaviour studies and in environmental education. Ethnographic evidence shows that people engage with nature by using many of the same tools for thinking. These tools can be applied in conservation education programmes at all levels by actively emphasizing the role of the tools in developing understanding, and using them to design effective educational initiatives and assess existing environmental education.
Analytical inverse kinematics for 5-DOF humanoid manipulator under arbitrarily specified unconstrained orientation of end-effector
Authors: Shimizu Masayuki
Published: March 2014

This paper proposes an analytical method of solving the inverse kinematic problem for a humanoid manipulator with five degrees-of-freedom (DOF) under the condition that the target orientation of the manipulator's end-effector is not constrained around an axis fixed with respect to the environment. Since the number of the joints is less than six, the inverse kinematic problem cannot be solved for arbitrarily specified position and orientation of the end-effector. To cope with the problem, a generalized unconstrained orientation is introduced in this paper. In addition, this paper conducts the singularity analysis to identify all singular conditions.
Case management and assertive community treatment. What is the difference?
Authors: Burns Tom
Published: March 2014

There has been a long-running controversy about the relative benefits of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) compared to Case Management (CM). Several health care systems have initiated major service overhauls on the basis of published evidence. Yet this evidence has been ambiguous and supports differing interpretations. Research is examined which explores the differences in outcomes reported. It uses a range of approaches, most prominently meta-regression, to test a small range of hypotheses to explain the heterogeneity in outcomes. The main determinant of differences between ACT and CM studies is the local bed management procedures and occupancy practice. Those organizational aspects of ACT which are generally shared by CM teams are associated with reduced hospital care but the stringent staffing proposed for ACT does not affect it. ACT is a specialized form of CM, not a categorically different approach. The benefits of introducing it will depend on the nature of current local practice. Important lessons about the need to focus on treatments rather than structures seem not to have been learnt. Psychiatry's recent excessive focus on service structures may have had unintended consequences for our professional identity.
Enchantment
Authors: Fellows Roger
Published: March 2014

Oscar Wilde remarked in The Picture of Dorian Gray that, ‘It is only the shallow people who do not judge by appearances.’ Over three centuries of natural science show that, at least as far as the study of the natural world is concerned, Wilde's epigram is itself shallow. Weber used the term ‘disenchantment’ to mean the elimination of magic from the modern scientific world view: the intellectual rationalisation of the world embodied in modern science has made it impossible to believe in magic or an invisible God or gods, without a ‘sacrifice of the intellect’.
Digging deeper into Hardin's pasture: the complex institutional structure of ‘the tragedy of the commons’
Authors: COLE DANIEL H. , EPSTEIN GRAHAM , MCGINNIS MICHAEL D.
Published: March 2014

A revised application of Ostrom's (Ostrom, 2007) Social-Ecological System (SES) framework to Hardin's ‘tragedy of the commons’ (Hardin, G. (1968), Science, 162(3859): 1243–1248) demonstrates that its institutional structure is more complex than either Hardin or Ostrom had imagined. The ‘tragedy’ arises from several interacting resources and institutions. If the grass on the pasture was not subject to appropriation, the cattle were not privately owned, or property- and contract-enforcement institutions supporting market exchange were absent, then the ‘tragedy of the commons’ would not have arisen regardless of the open-access pasture. This paper highlights the utility of the SES framework and the care required to apply it precisely to specific social-ecological situations.
Testing the Low-density Hypothesis for Reversed Sex Change in Polygynous Fish: Experiments in Labroides dimidiatus
Authors: Kuwamura Tetsuo , Kadota Tatsuru , Suzuki Shohei
Published: March 2014

Hermaphroditism is ubiquitous among plants and widespread in the animal kingdom. It is an unsolved problem why reversed sex change has evolved in polygynous and protogynous reef fish. We have previously suggested that facultative monogamy occurs in low-density populations of polygynous species and that males that become single as a result of accidental mate loss may change sex when they meet larger males. In this study, to test this ‘low-density hypothesis’, we conducted field experiments with the coral reef fish Labroides dimidiatus in which a portion of females were removed to create a low-density situation. The ‘widowed’ males moved to search for a new mate when no male, female or juvenile fish migrated into their territories and paired with nearby single fish, whether male or female. Alternatively, males expanded their territories to take over the nearest pair whose male was much smaller. These results support our low-density hypothesis.
A rhomboid-shaped organic host molecule with small binding space. Unsymmetrical and symmetrical inclusion of halonium ions
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Saito Takashi , Ide Tomohito , Osakada Kohtaro
Published: March 2014

A shape persistent rhomboid-shaped organic host molecule having two pyridyl units was synthesized which induces size selective halonium inclusion.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of arene ruthenium(ii) complexes [(η6-RC6H5)Ru(m-MOPIP)Cl]Cl (R = -H and -CH3) as groove binder to c-myc G4 DNA
Authors: Wu Qiong , Chen Tianfeng , Zhang Zhao , Liao Siyan , Wu Xiaohui , Wu Jian , Mei Wenjie , Chen Yanhua , Wu Weili , Zeng Lingli , Zheng Wenjie
Published: March 2014

Two arene Ru(ii) complexes are prepared under microwave irradiation and display application potential as small molecule inhibitors of c-myc G4 DNA.
Wettability patterning for high-rate, pumpless fluid transport on open, non-planar microfluidic platforms
Authors: Ghosh Aritra , Ganguly Ranjan , Schutzius Thomas M. , Megaridis Constantine M.
Published: March 2014

Wettability-patterned open-surface microfluidic devices facilitate pumpless transport of liquids (>350 μL s−1) and allow complex handling tasks including rise against gravity.
Improved catalytic activity of rhodium monolayer modified nickel (110) surface for the methane dehydrogenation reaction: a first-principles study
Authors: Bothra Pallavi , Pati Swapan K.
Published: March 2014

The catalytic activity of pure Ni (110) and single Rh layer deposited Ni (110) surface for the complete dehydrogenation of methane is theoretically investigated by means of gradient-corrected periodic density functional theory.
Morphology controlled nano-structures of an octa(phenoxy)-substituted phthalocyaninato zinc complex: solvent effect on the self-assembly behaviour
Authors: Zhang Xia , Gao Dameng , Gao Jian , Zhu Peihua , Bouvet Marcel , Chen Yanli
Published: March 2014

Comparative investigation of the self-assembly behavior of Zn[Pc(OPh)8] reveals that the morphologies of the resulting nanostructures are readily controlled by the selected solvent conditions and/or the aggregating time.
The beneficial effect of protic ionic liquids on the lithium environment in electrolytes for battery applications
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Menne Sebastian , Kühnel Ruben-Simon , Balducci Andrea
Published: March 2014

Protic ionic liquid-based electrolytes are promising electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.
Folic acid-conjugated glucose and dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents for diagnosis and treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dai Fengying , Du Meihong , Liu Yingguo , Liu Guiying , Liu Qingjun , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2014

Folic acid-conjugated glucose and dextran coated SPIO nanoparticles were used for the diagnosis and treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis.
Ultrasonication-assisted rapid determination of epoxide values in polymer mixtures containing epoxy resin
Authors: He Zhipeng , Wang Yue , Zhao Tingting , Ye Zichuan , Huang He
Published: March 2014

The hydrochloric acid–acetone-ultrasonication method provides a much faster and more accurate measurement of epoxide values than the corresponding standing method.
Glycans in pathogenic bacteria – potential for targeted covalent therapeutics and imaging agents
Authors: Tra Van N. , Dube Danielle H.
Published: March 2014

Distinctive bacterial glycans can be metabolically labeled and covalently targeted to form the basis of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
Expanding the horizon of intermolecular trapping of in situ generated α-oxo gold carbenes: efficient oxidative union of allylic sulfides and terminal alkynes via C–C bond formation
Authors: Li Jiabin , Ji Kegong , Zheng Renhua , Nelson Jonathan , Zhang Liming
Published: March 2014

Intermolecular trappings of in situ generated α-oxo gold carbenes by allylic sulfides are enabled by a P,S-bidentate ligand.
Uncommon patterns in Nafion films loaded with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Domènech Berta , Muñoz Maria , Muraviev Dmitri N. , Macanás Jorge
Published: March 2014

The synthesis of Ag-NPs inside Nafion produced unexpected patterns that can reveal the real morphology of the polymer.
Vanadyl complexes bearing bi-dentate phenoxyimine ligands: synthesis, structural studies and ethylene polymerization capability
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhao Ke-Qing , Walton Mark J. , Wright Joseph A. , Frese Josef W. A. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Xing Qifeng , Sun Wen-Hua , Redshaw Carl
Published: March 2014

Mono- and bi-vanadium bidentate phenoxyimine complexes have been structurally characterized. They are highly active ethylene polymerization catalysts in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride and ethyltrichloroacetate.
Limiting nuclearity in formation of polynuclear metal complexes through [2 + 3] cycloaddition: synthesis and magnetic properties of tri- and pentanuclear metal complexes
Authors: Saha Manideepa , Nasani Rajendar , Das Mriganka , Mahata Arup , Pathak Biswarup , Mobin Shaikh M. , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva , Mukhopadhyay Suman
Published: March 2014

The cycloaddition reaction between [Ni(L)(N3)] and different organonitriles afforded tetrazolate bridged tri- and pentanuclear nickel(ii) complexes.
Native SDS-PAGE: high resolution electrophoretic separation of proteins with retention of native properties including bound metal ions
Authors: Nowakowski Andrew B. , Wobig William J. , Petering David H.
Published: March 2014

Systematical modifications of traditional gel electrophoresis have yielded a method to separate soluble proteins with high resolution while retaining metal cofactors and enzymatic function.
Electrochemical deposition of polypeptides: bio-based covering materials for surface design
Authors: Akbulut Huseyin , Yavuz Murat , Guler Emine , Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Endo Takeshi , Yamada Shuhei , Timur Suna , Yagci Yusuf
Published: March 2014

A simple and efficient approach for the electrochemical deposition of polypeptides as bio-based covering materials for surface design is described.
A new nano-sized calcium hydroxide photocatalytic material for the photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Zhang Shujuan
Published: March 2014

A new nano-sized Ca(OH)2 photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic activity.
Nanostructured Bi(1−x)Gd(x)FeO3 – a multiferroic photocatalyst on its sunlight driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Mohan Sakar , Subramanian Balakumar , Bhaumik Indranil , Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Jaisankar Sellamuthu N.
Published: March 2014

We report the manifestation of sunlight driven photocatalytic activity in the nanostructured Gd substituted bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) multiferroic photocatalyst.
Tribology study of lanthanum-treated graphene oxide thin film on silicon substrate
Authors: Liu Zuhan , Shu Da , Li Pengfei , Cheng Xianhua
Published: March 2014

Low friction coefficient and wear rate of components are crucial for nano-electromechanical-systems.
Optimising capacity–coverage of a fixed WiMAX network
Authors: Sharma Satyendra , Singh Brahmjit
Published: March 2014

The capacity and coverage area are the two most important design considerations for the planning and optimisation of cellular networks. In this paper, we report on the field measurements of received signal strength (RSS) and available data transfer rate (DTR) at user end in a fixed WiMAX network operating at 2.62 GHz. The coverage area of the network under study covers both rural and urban sectors. Comprehensive measurements of RSS and available DTR are recorded for different settings of the base station antenna tilt and the height of customer premise equipment (CPE) antenna installed at the user premise. It is a directional antenna oriented towards the base station facilitating line of sight communication. It is interesting to observe that base station antenna down‐tilt of 2° results in almost 100% fulfilment of the coverage and capacity requirements in rural sector of the network. Up‐tilt of 1°, yields 97% fulfilment of the requirements in the entire cell area. These settings of the base station antenna tilt offers encouraging results for the optimisation of both capacity and coverage area and establishes that antenna tilt is an effective optimisation tool to achieve better utilisation of the network resources with enhanced quality of service.
Determination of the binding energies of the np Rydberg states of H2, HD, and D2 from high-resolution spectroscopic data by multichannel quantum-defect theory
Authors: Sprecher Daniel , Jungen Christian , Merkt Frédéric
Published: March 2014

Multichannel quantum-defect theory (MQDT) is used to calculate the electron binding energies of np Rydberg states of H2, HD, and D2 around n = 60 at an accuracy of better than 0.5 MHz. The theory includes the effects of rovibronic channel interactions and the hyperfine structure, and has been extended to the calculation of the asymmetric hyperfine structure of Rydberg states of a heteronuclear diatomic molecule (HD). Starting values for the eigenquantum-defect parameters of MQDT were extracted from ab initio potential-energy functions for the low-lying p Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen and subsequently refined in a global weighted fit to available experimental data on the singlet and triplet Rydberg states of H2 and D2. The electron binding energies of high-np Rydberg states derived in this work represent important quantities for future determinations of the adiabatic ionization energies of H2, HD, and D2 at sub-MHz accuracy.