bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Culture and Laboratory Contaminants, Prevention and Recovery Strategy- A Review
Authors: Bright-Ohaeri Faith Chimanma , Ihebuzo Ndubuka G. , Ejeta Kennedy O , Odimegwu N , Ifenze Ogochukwu Militus
Published: September 2024

Cell culture technology is fundamental to biomedical research, yet contamination remains a significant challenge, compromising experimental outcomes and incurring substantial costs. This review addresses key issues in current contamination management practices, including the need for customized laboratory-specific protocols, comprehensive economic assessments, and standardized recovery procedures. It evaluates methods to tackle these issues, such as automated monitoring systems, real-time contamination detection sensors, and AI-driven predictive models. Additionally, it underscores the importance of effective training programs for laboratory personnel and the value of longitudinal studies to assess the impact of low-level contamination on experimental results. By addressing these areas, the review aims to enhance the reliability and reproducibility of cell culture research and promote more effective and sustainable laboratory practices.
Sporozoite infection and Entomological Inoculation Rate as a Measure of Endemic Malaria Transmission
Authors: Garba Yusuf
Published: September 2024

The study was conducted in Kontagora town of Niger State, North Central Nigeria. Sporozoite Infection Rate (SR) and Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) was assessed in spatial order. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected using Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC). Morphological identification was carried out using a trinocular dissecting microscope with the aid of standard Taxonomic keys. Mosquito Salivary glands were carefully dissected for determination of Sporozoite Infection Rate. The proportion of individual mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium sporozoites were noted as the sporozoite rate (SR) in percentage. Entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was calculated as a product of Sporozoite Rate (SR) and Human Biting Rate (HBR) and expressed as infective bite per person (ib/p. Annual Sporozoite Infection Rate of 63.8 % was recorded. No significant variation was reported (p>0.05) in Sporozoite Infection Rate between sampling locations. Annual Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) for Kontagora was calculated to be 1.84 infective bite per person (ib/p). A significant difference (P<0.05) was however observed in EIR of Anopheline mosquitoes between sampling locations. The results established high Sporozoite Infection and Entomological Inoculation Rate which are key indices that sustains malaria transmission in Kontagora. Anopheline mosquitoes were reported to be infective throughout the study area. Vector control intervention based on local entomological data is strongly recommended.
Uso y Aplicación de la Inteligencia Artificial en el Entorno Educativo Indígena
Authors: Deferia Bladimir Jiménez
Published: September 2024

El descubrimiento de internet y la Inteligencia Artificial han permeado todos ámbitos  desde la mercadotecnia hasta el sector educativo,  los planes de estudio, las evaluaciones diagnosticas, inicial, intermedia y final, los sistemas automatizados de la base de datos de las escuelas y también las herramientas de estrategias de aprendizaje, de enseñanza y evaluación de los docentes y alumnos, el profesorado consiente de los cambios vertiginosos de nuestro tiempo, ha buscado la manera de adaptarse a estos cambios y crear ambientes de aprendizaje con estas nuevas tecnologías, sin embargo el uso y aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en el entorno educativo indígena, es de difícil acceso tener que competir con dos mundos diferentes que  amplia las brechas de la desigualdad, ya que unos pueden y posen y otros simplemente no tienen las mismas oportunidades por ende se contrapone y pone en desventaja el derecho los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes indígenas al mismo tiempo evidencia la vulnerabilidad social y educativa y la excelencia o calidad educativa sigue siendo tendencial, deseable, cuestionable y de elite.
EXPERIENCIAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y CAMBIO EN EL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE DURANTE LA PANDEMIA PARA ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA EN INTERNADO ROTATIVO
Authors: Correa Hidalgo Adriana Carolina , Guanoluisa Castillo Erika Estefania , Nieto Pilco Elsa Angelica , Montes Semblantes Edison Paul , Loor Quezada José Gerardo
Published: September 2024

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las experiencias de adaptación y cambio en el proceso de aprendizaje durante la pandemia para estudiantes de enfermería en internado rotativo, identificando las principales dificultades y las estrategias utilizadas para superarlas. Se adoptó una metodología cualitativa, utilizando un diseño descriptivo que permitió explorar en profundidad las vivencias y percepciones de los estudiantes. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un análisis documental, revisando estudios y artículos relevantes publicados en los últimos cinco años. Los resultados indicaron que la transición a la educación virtual impuso barreras significativas, especialmente en la adquisición de habilidades prácticas, sin embargo, también se evidenció la adopción de tecnologías avanzadas como simulaciones y realidad virtual, las cuales facilitaron la continuidad educativa. Las conclusiones acentúan la capacidad del sistema educativo para implementar soluciones innovadoras en contextos de crisis, se recomienda seguir perfeccionando estas estrategias, equilibrando la formación virtual con experiencias prácticas supervisadas, y fortaleciendo el apoyo emocional para garantizar una preparación integral de los futuros profesionales de la salud.
Factores Biopsicosociales Relacionados con la Gestión y Práctica de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en Diferentes Poblacionales
Authors: Orona Escápite Alejandra , Martínez Trevizo Arturo , Ortiz Rodríguez Carlos Javier , Chávez Erives Arturo Ivan , Islas Guerra Samuel Alfredo
Published: September 2024

La práctica de la actividad física y el deporte está influenciada por una interacción compleja de factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales, que varían según las diferentes poblaciones. Los factores biológicos incluyen la edad, el sexo, el estado de salud y las capacidades físicas. La edad y las condiciones de salud, por ejemplo, son determinantes clave en la participación, con una tendencia a la disminución de la actividad física con el envejecimiento y las enfermedades crónicas. En cuanto a los factores psicológicos, la motivación, la autoeficacia y el estado mental son fundamentales. La motivación intrínseca y extrínseca influye en la adherencia a la práctica deportiva, mientras que la percepción de autoeficacia predice la participación sostenida. El estrés y la ansiedad pueden ser barreras significativas para la actividad física. Los factores sociales, como el apoyo familiar, la influencia de los pares y la accesibilidad a recursos comunitarios, también desempeñan un papel crucial. La cultura y las normas sociales impactan las actitudes hacia el deporte y la actividad física, con diferencias marcadas entre diversas sociedades. Estas interacciones de factores biopsicosociales varían según las poblaciones. Por ejemplo, los jóvenes están más influenciados por la motivación y la influencia de sus pares, mientras que los adultos mayores enfrentan más desafíos relacionados con la salud y el acceso a recursos. Además, las disparidades socioeconómicas afectan significativamente la participación en la actividad física. En conclusión, entender estos factores es esencial para diseñar intervenciones efectivas y personalizadas que promuevan la actividad física y el deporte en diversas poblaciones
Hemorragia Intracerebral Traumática: Enfoques Integrados para Mejorar la Prevención, la Atención Clínica y la Investigación
Authors: Pilalumbo Choloquinga Edwin Rubén , Valdivieso Caraguay Gustavo Patricio , Lema Balla José Roberto , Venegas Ortiz Yolanda Maribel , Lema Balla Juan Carlos
Published: September 2024

Los accidentes cerebrovasculares son la tercera causa de muerte en todo el mundo, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) predice un aumento del 27% en estas enfermedades para 2025. La hemorragia intraparenquimatosa es una enfermedad cuya incidencia aumenta con la edad. Este aumento se atribuye, entre otros factores, a estilos de vida poco saludables, el alcoholismo y el tabaquismo, así como al envejecimiento de la población, factores que predisponen al aumento de los niveles de presión arterial, que a su vez se considera uno de los principales factores de riesgo para  la enfermedad. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer cómo mejorar la prevención, la atención clínica y la investigación de las hemorragias intracerebrales. Estudio en el que se aplica la investigación cualitativa descriptiva. Con un enfoque descriptivo, para brindar un panorama detallado y rico de las experiencias y percepciones de otros investigadores que han realizado trabajos relacionados con el tema de la hemorragia intracerebral traumática, se utilizó el análisis documental: en el que se registraron las publicaciones a partir de diferentes bases de datos, como Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar y Scielo, realizando una cuidadosa revisión de estos documentos para asegurar la validez y confiabilidad de los resultados.
Consideraciones Anestésicas en Intervenciones Quirúrgicas Urológicas
Authors: Salavarría Tutivén Alisson Nicole , Pinos Reyes Byron Fabián , Vasquez Armijos Dayana Paola , Chalén Perero Briggitte Joselyne , Santander Chenche Kevin Joel , Alfonso Machala Alexander Hernández
Published: September 2024

La anestesia en el área urológica se utiliza tanto en la cirugia vía laparoscópica y mínimamente invasiva como en las más complejas, para lo cual previa consulta preoperatoria anestésica se puede generar un anestésico apropiado para el procedimiento, En la toma de decisiones debe considerarse los aspectos clínicos individuales de cada paciente uno de los más importantes datos a considerar es el diagnóstico y edad. Dentro de los abordajes quirúrgicos y las anestesias investigadas, la anestesia raquídea se perfila como una opción con potenciales beneficios en la supervivencia, efectos menos inmunosupresores, su capacidad para evitar complicaciones y en la actualidad se la emplea mucho en cirugías oncológica gracias a su asociación con una menor tasa de recurrencia y una supervivencia libre de recurrencia más prolongada en comparación con la anestesia general y demás.
The Critical Mass: A Trigger Parameter For Cultural And Creative Cluster Strategies In Metropolises
Authors: Manel Zouaoui Amira , Zitoune Hichem , Chabou Meriem
Published: October 2024

Cultural clusters are considered to be means by which cities become metropolises and accelerate urban development. Therefore, the presence of resources and actors “critical mass” is the main condition for initiating a clustering process. Indeed, the critical mass is the threshold to be reached for a city, beyond which it would improve its competitiveness and attractiveness. Once this is achieved, positive externalities make it possible, to establish substantial urban and cultural projects. Thus, what interactions and parameters can exist between a cultural cluster and the city? The scope of our contribution is based on the analysis of proactive and reactive intra-urban dynamics around such a cultural urban project and its mechanisms. It appears that the search for “critical mass” is not a reference threshold applicable to all territories hosting a cluster. Each one is characterized by different conditions; given that Cultural and Creative Industries require mainly on-site production and consumption. Our paper compares three clusters cases at different development stages, through a benchmark assessment method: an embryonic cluster in Fez, a museum cluster in Istanbul and the cultural cluster of Florence. This is how this comparison challenges us, being at the crossroads of the local environment and global forces.
Verifying Deeds Simulator as a Savvy Tool for Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit Simulation
Authors: Olugbenga Abiola Falodun , Tosin Oluwagbenga Aloba , Ojo Samson Ayileka
Published: September 2024

Accurate simulation of digital logic circuits is essential for ensuring their functionality before actual hardware implementation. The performance of the Digital Electronic Educational Design System (DEEDS) simulator was evaluated by applying it to half adder and full adder logic circuits. The goal is to assess the precision and dependability of DEEDS by comparing its simulation outcomes with theoretical expectations for these fundamental arithmetic components. This study employs DEEDS to model and simulate these adder circuits, with a focus on comparing the simulation results to theoretical predictions. The verification process involves a thorough examination of the sum and carry outputs for both half adder and full adder circuits across various input scenarios. The analysis identifies any discrepancies between the simulated and theoretical results and explores potential sources of these discrepancies. The results demonstrate that DEEDS offers a reliable and accurate simulation platform for these essential digital circuits, with simulated results closely matching theoretical expectations. This verification highlights DEEDS' effectiveness as a tool for digital circuit design and analysis.
Structural Design Considerations for a Large Single Span Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Beam-Column Structures
Authors: Samuel Nwokoye Ogonna
Published: October 2024

Large-span reinforced concrete structures present unique design challenges that necessitate meticulous consideration of load-bearing capacity, deflection control, reinforcement, and material choices. For spans exceeding 10 meters, structural engineers must carefully apply the principles and recommendations of Eurocode 2 to ensure that the structure is safe, functional, and durable. This paper explores the critical aspects of designing large single spans in reinforced concrete beam- column systems using Eurocode, with a focus on load distribution, reinforcement detailing, deflection limits, and material properties. Practical insights into the implementation of these guidelines are provided through examples, offering structural engineers in Nigeria a comprehensive approach to achieving safe and cost- effective long-span structures.
Hydrocarbon Prospectivity in the West Waha and Worsham-Bayer Fields, Delaware Basin
Authors: B. I. Odoh, , C. V. Ahaneku, , D. C. Chukwu, , E. K. Boma, , S. C. Nwafuluibeya, , M. C. Ochili, , O. G. Ozoemena, , I. Omezi, , C. C. Ezeonyema,
Published: September 2024

The west Waha and Worsham-Bayer field, located within the Delaware Basin of western Permian Basin, represents a significant hydrocarbon province with substantial production potential. This study aims to reevaluate the hydrocarbon resources and optimize recovery strategies for these fields by integrating seismic interpretation, petrophysical analysis, and volumetric assessment. Using data from 3D seismic reflection volumes, well logs, and production records, the research applied advanced techniques including seismic-to-well ties, structural and sequence stratigraphic interpretations, and fault-seal analysis. Key findings highlight the identification of four major reservoirs: UML, TF, FF, and ELB. The ELB reservoir, characterized by very high porosity, high permeability, and low water saturation, emerged as the most promising target for hydrocarbon production. The TF and FF reservoirs also demonstrated high potential, while the UML reservoir showed moderate characteristics but high-water saturation. Volumetric assessments supported these findings, confirming the ELB reservoir’s exceptional hydrocarbon potential. The study recommends drilling deeper into the Ellenburger Formation with Wells 42 and 98 to exploit deeper targets, acquiring additional 3D seismic data towards the southeastern basin, and employing enhanced seismic resolution for better facies distribution understanding. Furthermore, the development of a 3D reservoir model incorporating fracture networks and a detailed fault-seal analysis are advised to optimize hydrocarbon recovery. This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of the West Waha and Worsham-Bayer fields, offering actionable insights for maximizing hydrocarbon production through targeted exploration and advanced reservoir management strategies.
Save Child Now! Analyzing the Underlying Forces Driving Early Marriage among Teenage Girls in the Jaman South Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Sarfo-Mensah Alex , Buabeng Michael , Tettey Emmanuel , Agyekumwaa Osei Esther Jessica , Ibrahim Eliasu , Arkor Tetteh Abijah
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors of early marriage among teenage girls in the Jaman South Municipality of the Bono Region of Ghana. The research objective that guided the study were to investigate the social factors contributing to early marriage among teenage girls in the Jaman South Municipality, to find out the cultural factors contributing to early marriage among teenage girls in the Municipality, and finally, to identify the economic factors contributing to early marriage among teenage girls in the Municipality. A sample size of 150 was selected for the study through simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was employed for data collection. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Findings revealed that inadequate parental education, frustration, peer pressure, sexual immorality, were some of the social factors contributing to early marriage. Also, the cultural factors identified included mode of dressing, beliefs, traditional milestone and customs. Unemployment, financial problem facing teenagers, inability to buy contraceptives emerged to be some of the economic factors contributing to early marriage among teenage girls in the Jaman South Municipality. It was however, recommended that community leaders and relevant stakeholders including school counsellors should organise intensive workshops and educational campaign programmes to sensitise parents and guardians on the effects of some cultural practices and how it can jeopardise the future of the teenage girls. It was concluded that the Girl-child unit in Ghana Education Service of the Jaman South Municipality in collaboration with school counsellors should organise regular education, awareness and sensitisation programmes for parents, guardians and teenage girls on the effects of early marriage and to be more responsible in providing basic needs to teenage girls to keep them in school. This will improve their academic performance, enhance their self-confidence, self-esteem and also secure a brighter future for them.
The Effect of Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee Competence, and Firm Size on the Degree of Sustainability Report and its Effect on Enterprise Value
Authors: Imansyah Adi , Andesto Ronny
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of independent commissioners, audit committee expertise, and business size on the scope of sustainability reports and their relationship to the firm's value. The sample of publicly traded companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2020 is the main subject of the study. Using a purposive selection approach, 40 organizations in total were chosen as research samples. With the use of the Eviews Version 12 program, panel data regression analysis is used in this study. This study demonstrates that the presence of independent commissioners and the degree of competency of the audit committee do not have a substantial impact on the extent of Sustainability Report and the value of the business. The size of the business has no significant influence on the amount of Sustainability Report , but it does have a big effect on the value of the firm. The research findings indicate that the amount of Sustainability Report does not have a moderating influence on the relationship between independent commissioners, audit committee competency, business size, and firm value.
Laser Assisted Periodontal Aesthetics: A Case Report
Authors: Shankar Das Saurav , Manjunath Nandini , Sanchia Dsouza Riolla
Published: September 2024

The increasing emphasis on facial aesthetics and a growing public awareness of oral health have driven a surge in demand for cosmetic periodontal treatments. Excessive gum display is often a primary aesthetic concern in the periodontium when evaluating smile attractiveness. Clinical crown lengthening procedures are designed to expose more tooth structure for restorative or aesthetic purposes. Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common aesthetic concern among young patients seeking dental care. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal surgical technique designed to reduce or eliminate excessive pigmentation. The present case report showcases the effectiveness and thoroughness of gingival depigmentation and crown lengthening carried out with a diode laser.
Relationship Between Quality of Life and Compliance with the Management of Gouty Arthritis in Lanao, Philippines
Authors: Cabib M. Cabili, Abdul , Ian C. Abordo, , Raymond M. Salvador, , Donna Belle P. Sumugat, , Jenny Belle L. Jimenez, , Cherry Rose L. Jumawan,
Published: September 2024

Background of the Study: It is estimated that over 1.6 million Filipinos suffer from gout (PRA 2015), due to poor food and lifestyle choices and as a result, the prevalence of gout has been rising over time (Lazo 2015). This study seeks to determine the extent of compliance with gout management practices and evaluate their impact on patients' Quality of Life(QoL). The hypothesis postulates a significant relationship exists between these variables. This research holds significance to patients, caregivers, student nurses, and nursing practitioners by providing insights that can improve management strategies and enhance the QoL for those afflicted with Gouty Arthritis(GA).  Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the quality of life and compliance with the management of gouty arthritis in individuals diagnosed with the condition. This research sought to address the following questions: To what extent do individuals comply with the management protocols for gouty arthritis? What is the quality of life of those living with gouty arthritis? Is there a significant relationship between the quality of life and adherence to management strategies for gouty arthritis?  Materials and Methods: The researchers formally wrote to each of the Punong barangay in Iligan City, Marawi City and Bacolod Lanao Del Norte before starting the survey, requesting authorization to conduct study and distribute questionnaires to specific residents in their barangay.Using a quantitative, correlational research design, data were collected from 120 participants through validated Likert scale questionnaires.  Results: The findings indicate that while dietary compliance is adhered “rarely”, activity management and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management are “often” adhered to. Participants generally indicate a high QoL , with good core health days, manageable personal care needs, and a positive mental health outlook. A significant positive relationship exists between QoL and compliance with GA management.  Conclusion: There is a general significant positive correlation between a quality of life and compliance with the management of gouty arthritis. It shows that having high adherence with the management of gouty arthritis results in a high quality of life among individuals with the condition. Moreover, the study reveals the need for targeted interventions and patient education to optimize GA management and enhance QoL.
The Effect of Weigh Bridge on Logistic Timeliness The Case of Dar Es Salaam - Tunduma Route
Authors: Anthony Hudson Billy
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effect of weighbridges on logistics timeliness along the Dar es Salaam-Tunduma route, focusing on three key factors: weighbridge capacity, operations, and the number of weighbridges. By employing a combination of quantitative regression analysis and qualitative insights from logistics professionals, summary tables for the analysis of the data, results revealed that weighbridge capacity and operations significantly impact logistics timeliness. Specifically, increasing weighbridge capacity is positively associated with improved logistics timeliness, reducing congestion and long queue delays. Conversely, inefficiencies in weighbridge operations, such as slow documentation handling and technical issues, negatively affect logistics timeliness. The study underlines the importance of enhancing weighbridge capacity and optimizing operational efficiency to mitigate delays and improve logistics performance. Moreover, in contrast, the number of weighbridges encountered shows a weak negative correlation with logistics timeliness, which is not statistically significant. This suggests that while additional weighbridges may contribute to delays, their impact is less critical than capacity and operational efficiency. The qualitative insights from logistics professionals support these findings, highlighting the need for improvements in weighbridge capacity and operations to streamline the logistics process and reduce delays. The study's findings hold practical implications for logistics operators, policymakers, and infrastructure planners. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of weighbridge-related factors and their impact on logistics timeliness, offering actionable recommendations for improving transportation networks.
Parenting of non-biological children by Ache adults
Authors: Hill Kim , Phelps Julia R
Published: September 2024

We provide an ethnographic description of child-rearing by step-parents and other adults in the precontact Ache society. Children are often raised by an adult who marries one of their biological parents after the other parent dies or divorce takes place. Paternal death and divorce are both especially common in Ache society, even though both lead to lower survival of offspring. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the fraction of children living with step-parents or other adult alloparents from 52 precontact band censuses, from marital history interviews and from demographic data on adult mortality. We discuss a multiplicity of non-genetic caregiving and parenting arrangements that lead to different direct and indirect fitness payoffs to the adults who assume these roles, including 1) inclusive fitness, 2) reciprocal cooperation with the biological parent, 3) labour exploitation and 4) ‘generosity signalling’ to other band members, potential allies and cooperative partners. Finally, we discuss the importance to human childhood development of intimate co-residence and extensive close emotional bonds with multiple unrelated individuals, including step-parents, other adult alloparents and co-resident stepsiblings raised together.
Practising Cold Weather: English Agricultural Discourse and Memory, 1739–1800
Authors: MOESSWILDE EMMA C.
Published: September 2024

The remarkably cold and dry weather of the 1740s presents an avenue of inquiry into the relationships between changes in English agricultural practice in the second half of the eighteenth century, the impacts of past climate changes and the memory of such climate extremes. Using historic climate data, proxy sources and the agricultural writings of William Ellis, this article considers the impacts of the 1740s in light of scholarship on climate change and the Little Ice Age, English agriculture and climate memory to demonstrate the impacts of an extreme climate event on agricultural practice and discourse, as well as production. It argues that agricultural practice served as a repository of climate memory long after the 1740s ceased to occupy the writings of leading agriculturalists.
‘How About the Threatened Timber Famine’: Timber Merchants, Wood Shortage and Global Surveys on Timber Production and Consumption
Authors: CASTONGUAY STÉPHANE
Published: September 2024

In the late nineteenth century, concerns about timber scarcity and forest depletion in industrialising countries contributed to the production of forest inventories and timber trade statistics on a planetary scale. Warnings about the eventual exhaustion of the North American pine forest erupted in the British trade press, at a time of intense public discussions about the natural limits of coal supply and the implications for the industrial and economic supremacy of Great Britain. It was in this context that the British government launched an effort to inventory forest areas and compile statistical data on timber production and consumption in various national settings. This paper focuses alternately on the perspectives of timber merchants, state representatives and scientists, to understand how international inventories of forest resources and global surveys on timber trade emerged from debates about a timber famine during the integration of the world economy at the end of the nineteenth century.
On the Origin of a Broad Quasiperiodic Fast-propagating Wave Train: Unwinding Jet as the Driver
Authors: Zhou Xinping , Tang Zehao , Qu Zhining , Yu Ke , Zhou Chengrui , Xiang Yuqi , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Shen Yuandeng
Published: October 2024

Large-scale extreme-ultraviolet waves commonly exhibit as single wave front and are believed to be caused by coronal mass ejections. Utilizing high spatiotemporal resolution imaging observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present two sequentially generated wave trains originating from the same active region: a narrow quasiperiodic fast-propagating (QFP) wave train that propagates along the coronal loop system above the jet and a broad QFP wave train that travels along the solar surface beneath the jet. The measurements indicate that the narrow QFP wave train and the accompanying flare’s quasiperiodic pulsations (QPPs) have nearly identical onsets and periods. This result suggests that the accompanying flare process excites the observed narrow QFP wave train. However, the broad QFP wave train starts approximately 2 minutes before the QPPs of the flare, but it is consistent with the interaction between the unwinding jet and the solar surface. Moreover, we find that the period of the broad QFP wave train, approximately 130 s, closely matches that of the unwinding jet. This period is significantly longer than the 30 s period of the accompanying flare’s QPPs. Based on these findings, we propose that the intermittent energy release of the accompanying flare excited the narrow QFP wave train confined propagating in the coronal loop system. The unwinding jet, rather than the intermittent energy release in the accompanying flare, triggered the broad QFP wave train propagating along the solar surface.
Massive Star Formation Starts in Subvirial Dense Clumps Unless Resisted by Strong Magnetic Fields
Authors: Wang Ke , Wang Yueluo , Xu Fengwei
Published: October 2024

Knowledge of the initial conditions of high-mass star formation is critical for theoretical models, but are not well observed. Built on our previous characterization of a Galaxy-wide sample of 463 candidate high-mass starless clumps (HMSCs), here we investigate the dynamical state of a representative subsample of 44 HMSCs (radii 0.13–1.12 pc) using Green Bank Telescope NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) data from the Radio Ammonia Mid-Plane Survey pilot data release. By fitting the two NH3 lines simultaneously, we obtain velocity dispersion, gas kinetic temperature, NH3 column density and abundance, Mach number, and virial parameter. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that most HMSCs have Mach number <5, inconsistent with what have been considered in theoretical models. All but one (43 out of 44) of the HMSCs are gravitationally bound with virial parameter α
vir < 2. Either these massive clumps are collapsing or magnetic field strengths of 0.10–2.65 mG (average 0.51 mG) would be needed to prevent them from collapsing. The estimated B-field strength correlates tightly with density,

B

est

/

mG
=
0.269

(

n

H

2

/

10

4

cm

−
3

)

0.61

, with a similar power-law index as found in observations but a factor of 4.6 higher in strength. For the first time, the initial dynamical state of high-mass formation regions has been statistically constrained to be subvirial, in contradiction to theoretical models in virial equilibrium and in agreement with the lack of observed massive starless cores. The findings urge future observations to quantify the magnetic field support in the prestellar stage of massive clumps, which has rarely been explored so far, toward a full understanding of the physical conditions that initiate massive star formation.
The Formation Rate and Luminosity Function of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Chen J. H. , Jia X. D. , Dong X. F. , Wang F. Y.
Published: September 2024

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration flashes with unknown origins. Their formation rate is crucial for unveiling physical origins. However, the luminosity and formation rate are degenerate when directly fitting the redshift distribution of FRBs. In contrast to previous forward-fitting methods, we use Lynden-Bell’s c
− method to derive the luminosity function and formation rate of FRBs without any assumptions. Using the nonrepeating FRBs from the first Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment FRB catalog, we find a relatively strong luminosity evolution, and luminosity function can be fitted by a broken power-law model with a break at 1.33 × 1041 erg s−1. The formation rate declines rapidly as (1 + z)−4.9±0.3 with a local rate of 1.13 × 104 Gpc−3 yr−1. This monotonic decrease is similar to the rate of short gamma-ray bursts. After comparing this function with the star formation rate and stellar mass density, we conclude that the old populations, including neutron stars and black holes, are closely related to the origins of FRBs.
José María Muguruza en Karachi. La invención de una moderna identidad nacional islámica
Authors: Anton-Barco Maria , Sánchez Lampreave Ricardo
Published: October 2024

José María Muguruza es una relevante, aunque poco conocida, figura en el panorama arquitectónico español del siglo pasado. Desde diversas posiciones oficiales, fue clave en la definición de la arquitectura de posguerra en España. Su posición le trajo el encargo oficial para el diseño de un masterplan para Karachi, entonces capital de Pakistán, que definiera, a través de la arquitectura, una nueva identidad de la joven nación. Este artículo se basa en la documentación inédita de este proyecto para analizar la trayectoria de José María Muguruza y su aportación en la definición de la arquitectura nacional pakistaní.
DEEP ENSEMBLE METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MALICIOUS TISSUES IN NOISY BREAST HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGES
Authors: Tripathi Sumit , Sharma Neeraj
Published: September 2024

This work addresses the issues of noise and tissue appearance fluctuations in histopathology image classification by using a novel deep ensemble method. The experiment’s images were inherently noisy; however, the proposed approach includes features that allow for noise to be effectively encountered while classification tasks are being completed. This integration streamlines the categorization process by eliminating the requirement for a separate denoising phase. This approach encompasses studies on two types of noise, namely Gaussian and Rician, both commonly encountered in histopathological images. Remarkably, our proposed model demonstrated effectiveness in handling both types of noise, yielding satisfactory performance across diverse noise conditions. The proposed ensemble model achieves an accuracy of 83.74%, an [Formula: see text]1-score of 81.72%, an [Formula: see text]2-score of 81.04%, and an MCC of 83.99% for the highest level of rician noise. The proposed approach improves classification resilience and accuracy by combining the output of several deep-learning models. It does this by increasing the [Formula: see text]2-score for malignant classes by 3–5%, which helps to reduce False Negatives. This approach differs from current technology and has promising implications for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Compared to other approaches, our suggested model performs better at higher noise levels. LIME and saliency map integration improve the interpretability of model decisions, which in turn improves classification accuracy and decision clarity. These features emphasize the adaptability and resilience of the suggested method, highlighting it as a potential instrument for enhancing the results of breast cancer diagnosis and therapy in clinical settings. The workload for pathologists is lessened, and diagnostic consistency and accuracy are improved through automation of the classification process.
Case Studies and Applications of Generative AI in Real-World Cybersecurity Scenarios
Authors: Khan Azeem , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Alı Ghassan Ahmed , Ray Sayan Kumar , Wassan Sobia
Published: September 2024

This chapter elucidates what the major effects of generative artificial intelligence are: It changes things a lot. It first discusses the overall of what generative AI can do using one kind of generative AI, then it considers what generative AI does to make our defences against new things that can go wrong much more effective, and then it reflects on the major effects of generative AI on detecting malware and things that are subtly making our networks vulnerable. It emphasizes generative AI's ability to detect malware that was created to be hard to see with many examples of real things that attempt led to infection. Then it continues to discuss how generative AI interacts with threat intelligence feeds. It brings up that it is a way we can find out about cyber-attacks before they try to intrude. It goes on to relate to meaning how generative AI helps us with behavioural analysis and user authentication. It explains how we can protect privacy when learning about things that can go wrong using networks and threats. It focuses on collaborative learning and differential privacy. The next is to do with how well generative AI systems can handle ‘attacks' – what professionals call adversarial attacks. It wonders if they are scalable for cybersecurity, and lastly it stretches discussion on ethical and legal concerns. In conclusion this chapter suggests Generative AI has potential benefits which can be tapped for better security and privacy of the seamless digital devices connected online apart from it the chapter suggests collaboration among all the stakeholders connected to this network for good using better defense mechanisms which Gen AI can provide against intrusions and anomalies that can infect our networks. At the end this chapter wind up the discussion concluding that this chapter is aimed at specialists working in cybersecurity, researchers, and policymakers.
Cybersecurity Importance for Logistic Industries Using Generative AI
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Muzammal Syeda Mariam , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Zaheer Amer , Hameed Khizar
Published: September 2024

The logistics industry is rapidly transforming, driven by emerging technologies and evolving cybersecurity threats. These threats have also affected the industries financially on one side but also fined some of the most reputed industries due to poor quality supplied to the customers. Many cybersecurity threats have also been reported. However, due to the usage of cloud services, many more threats have been opened to this industry. Therefore, this study explores the complex relationship between logistics and cybersecurity, highlighting the industry's challenges and opportunities. The adoption of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence offers new possibilities for efficiency and visibility, but also introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities that must be addressed. From securing supply chains to implementing advanced encryption and access control, logistics companies are navigating a dynamic landscape that demands proactive cybersecurity measures. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of staying informed about emerging threats and trends while adopting innovative solutions to protect data, operations, and customer trust in an interconnected world.
Reshaping the Cybersecurity for Health Supplements Supply Chain Using Blockchain-Based Traceability System
Authors: Singh Sahibdeep , Malik Arun , Batra Isha
Published: September 2024

Dietary supplements are products that are consumed by several people on a regular basis for a number of reasons. The inappropriate substances used to make these substandard or fake supplements have serious negative effects on health. Lack of transparency in the supply chain is the root cause of this fraudulence. A full-fledged traceability system is required to eliminate counterfeits from the supply chain and ensure the safety and legitimacy of the products. We present a traceability system in the form of an Android application with the Ethereum blockchain as the backend to provide traceability and transparency across the health supplements supply chain. It leverages smart contracts and provides immutable provenance data to all the stakeholders of the supply chain and eliminates the dependency on intermediaries. The detailed system architecture along with different smart contract algorithms used in our proposed system is presented. The cost analysis of the proposed system and the scalability it offers for supply chains other than health supplements is also discussed.
Reshaping Medical Imaging Analysis
Authors: Khan Kaseer , Ni Jianjun , Tabba Fatima Ali , Saeed Soobia
Published: September 2024

The motive of this research is to enhance the precision of corresponding point detection and brain tumor identification. Feature points are used in determining the identical areas between various images taken of a particular object. Although SIFT is an effective technique for establishing these correspondences, incorrectly identified matches can occur due to similar feature vector values among SIFT's feature points. Therefore, this study chooses only foreground image regions when selecting from amongst its set of sifted features because identifying correlations across different background regions may lead to inaccuracies. Additionally, the authors propose segmenting brain tumors automatically with our hybrid method using both SIFT and k-mean algorithms on medical imaging data sets. The accuracy of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and computational time are 99.8% of accuracy, 99.7% of specificity, 99.9% sensitivity, and 13.21 computational time in second.
Prediction of Health Indicators Based on Exercise, Sleep, and Water Intake
Authors: Ashraf Humaira , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Ihsan Uswa , Khan Navid Ali , Humayun Mamoona
Published: September 2024

This project uses machine learning algorithms to build health status prediction models by analyzing multi-dimensional health behavior data such as exercise frequency, type, sleep duration, and water intake. The authors collected datasets on health indicators and further explored how these lifestyle factors collectively influence health indicator values. The health data collected is used to calculate the target variable “health value,” which is the column that distinguishes whether an individual is healthy or not, based on comparing the mean value of the column, with 1 and 0 indicating healthy or unhealthy. By analyzing the data and machine learning algorithms, they discovered the essential and inseparable relationship between these health indicators and an individual's health status. They optimized the model to improve the accuracy of the prediction. They also confirmed the generalization ability and performance of the model by giving the optimized model new health data and obtaining health values, as well as whether it is healthy. The results of this project highlight the importance of integrating data on lifestyle habits for health prediction to give data support to the development of a scientific basis for personalized health management strategies and health promotion interventions.
Secure Horizons
Authors: Ahad Abdul , Jiangbin Zheng , Mughees Amna , Puspitasari Ira , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This chapter discusses how blockchain technology might be combined with artificial intelligence-driven healthcare systems to meet the urgent demand for improved data security and system efficiency. AI brings vulnerabilities to data breaches and model manipulation as it transforms healthcare using diagnostics and patient management, requiring strong security measures. Emerging as a solution with a distributed, tamper-proof ledger guaranteeing data integrity and against illegal access is blockchain technology. The authors address the two advantages of this integration: blockchain guarantees artificial intelligence operations and improves data interchange efficiency in healthcare systems. Aiming to increase healthcare services' general dependability and efficiency, the topics discussed include ways to strengthen data privacy, guarantee regulatory compliance, and safe medical data interchange. The chapter also covers technical and operational issues related to combining various technologies and presents strategic directions to negotiate their complexity. Ultimately, this conversation emphasizes how blockchain might create a patient-centered, safe, and efficient healthcare ecosystem, giving readers a complete knowledge of the consequences and advantages of blockchain in environments enhanced by artificial intelligence.
Privacy Preserving Data Analysis With Generative AI
Authors: Mumtaz Majid , Tayyab Muhammad , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Muzammal Syeda Mariam , Hameed Khizar
Published: September 2024

Today, with the involvement of artificial intelligence (AI), where sensitive information is being collected massively to analyse data for various purposes, privacy-preserving data analysis has gained much importance in the data-driven world. Traditionally, using normal data analysis techniques, privacy-preserving methods often faced several security challenges to ensure the privacy of individuals and organizations where the shared data resources have been used for collaboration or decision-making. Hence, generative artificial intelligence has offered numerous solutions that can ensure privacy to such security concerns by enabling privacy-preserving analysis while getting fruitful knowledge from data. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors aim to provide an overview of privacy-preserving data analysis techniques using AI-based approaches such as differential privacy, federated learning (FL), generative adversarial network (GAN), and other variational auto-encoders (VAEs). While providing individuals protection in privacy, they have discussed how generative AI can be used to preserve statistical properties of plain data using synthetic data analysis. Moreover, some real-world applications have also been part of the discussion to illustrate the effectiveness of such techniques in various domains. Finally, they have also provided some future challenges, limitations, and ethical considerations for implementing these techniques effectively and have provided future directions in the rapidly emerging domain.
q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Approach for Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making and Application to Commercial Computer Network Security Evaluation
Authors: Yao Benkun
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, with the increasing use of computer network technology in various fields, coupled with the openness of the Internet, computer networks are facing various information security issues, which will have a very important impact on their applications. Both enterprises and individuals may cause significant economic losses due to these problems, so certain measures need to be taken to protect the information security of computer networks. The commercial computer network security (CCNS) evaluation is MAGDM. In this research, based on projection measure (PROJM) and bidirectional projection measure (BPROJM), some forms of projection measure with q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are depicted. Then, two weighed projection approaches are depicted to put forward the MAGDM. Lastly, numerical examples for CCNS evaluation and different comparative analysis is employed to verify the developed approaches.