bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Spinal PKCγ Expression to
Short- and Long-lasting Pain Behaviors in
Formalin-induced Inflamed Mice
Authors: Chen Guo-Zhong
Published: October 2019

Background: Over-expression of spinal protein kinase C γ (PKCγ) contributes to the induction
of persistent bilateral hyperalgesia following inflammatory injury, yet the role of spinal PKCγ in
short- and long-lasting pain behavior is poorly understood.
Objective: This study aimed to characterize the contribution of spinal PKCγ to spontaneous pain
and long-lasting bilateral hyperalgesia in formalin-induced inflamed mice using pharmacological
inhibition.
Study Design: Laboratory animal study.
Setting: The study was performed in the Department of Human Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain
Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University (Xi’an,
China) and the Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital (Fuzhou, China).
Methods: Male mice were unilaterally intraplantarly injected with formalin to induce
inflammatory pain. Spontaneous pain behaviors, including flinches and lickings, were recorded
by off-line video during the first hour post-injection and counted. Using von Frey tests, longlasting bilateral mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds were determined before injection
and at indicated time points thereafter. Temporal expression of spinal PKCγ was observed by
immunohistochemical staining. For pharmacological inhibition, mice were treated daily with
intrathecal Tat carrier or selective PKCγ inhibitor KIG31-1, from 1 hour prior to 10 days after
formalin injection. Spontaneous pain behaviors and long-lasting bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia
were assessed. Spinal PKCγ expression was also observed by using immunohistochemical staining
and western blot.
Results: The number of PKCγ-immunoreactive (ir) spinal neurons was significantly higher at
10 days, but not 2 hours, after formalin intraplantar injection, and accompanied by long-lasting
bilateral hyperalgesia. Furthermore, long-lasting bilateral hyperalgesia could be reversed by
pharmacological inhibition of over-expressed spinal PKCγ; however, pretreating with intrathecal
KIG31-1 showed no antinociceptive effects on short-term spontaneous pain behaviors.
Limitations: All results were obtained from the mice and no PKCγ inhibitors were available
through clinical practice. Therefore, it remains difficult to draw definitive connections between
animal research and human application.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that spinal PKCγ plays a predominant role in long-lasting
bilateral hyperalgesia, but not in the spontaneous pain behaviors induced by formalin.
Key words: Formalin, spontaneous pain, mechanical hyperalgesia, protein kinase C gamma,
KIG31-1, mice
Mexiletine Usage in a Chronic Pain Clinic:
Indications, Tolerability, and Side Effects
Authors: Romman Adam
Published: October 2019

Background: Background: Intravenous lidocaine has multiple applications in the management
of acute and chronic pain. Mexiletine, an oral lidocaine analogue, has been used in a number of
chronic pain conditions although its use is not well characterized.
Objectives: To report our experience using mexiletine in a chronic pain population, specifically
looking at tolerability, side effects, and EKG changes.
Study Design: Retrospective, cohort study.
Setting: Multiple pain clinic locations in an integrated multispecialty health system.
Methods: All patients who had a mexiletine prescription between August 2015 and August 2016
were queried via the electronic medical record. Each chart was examined for demographics, QTc
changes on EKG, length of use, and reasons for stoppage.
Results:There were 74 total patients identified in the chronic pain management clinics as
receiving at least 1 mexiletine prescription over the 1-year time period. Twice as many women as
men received mexiletine prescriptions. Neuropathic pain was the most common primary diagnosis
(64%) which included diabetic neuropathy, radiculopathy, and others. Fibromyalgia was the next
most common primary diagnosis (28%). A QTc change on the EKG showed a mean decrease
of 0.1 ms and median increase of 1.5 ms. At 6 months (180 days), approximately 30% of the
patients remained on mexiletine therapy, and 28% remained on the therapy at 1 year (360 days).
Median duration of use was 60 days and the mean was 288 days. Neurologic and gastrointestinal
side effects were the most commons reason for stoppage. All side effects were mild and resolved
with stoppage. After side effects, lack of response, or loss of efficacy, were the next most common
reasons for stoppage.
Limitations: Pain relief and outcomes were not specifically examined due to confounding factors
including interventional treatments and multiple treatment modalities. This was a retrospective,
cohort study limited to our specific clinic population with a relatively high loss to follow-up rate.
Conclusion:Mexiletine is rarely a first line option for chronic pain management and is often
used when multiple other modalities have failed. By reporting our experience, we hope other
clinicians may have more familiarity with the drug’s use in a chronic pain practice. It appears
reasonably tolerable, may not require frequent EKG monitoring, and can be an appropriate adjunct
in the chronic pain population. More research is needed regarding efficacy and dose titration for
mexiletine in chronic pain.
Key Words: Chronic pain, mexiletine, IV lidocaine, pain, neuropathic pain, neuropathy,
fibromyalgia, QTc, tolerability
Do Regenerative Medicine Therapies Provide
Long-Term Relief in Chronic Low Back Pain: A
Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: October 2019

Background: Several cell-based therapies have been proposed in recent years the management
of low back pain, including the injection of medicinal signaling cells or mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, there is only emerging clinical evidence to support
their use at this time.
Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of MSCs or PRP injections in the treatment of low back and
lower extremity pain.
Study Design: A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of PRP and MSCs
injections in managing low back and lower extremity pain.
Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, US National Guideline Clearinghouse, prior systematic
reviews, and reference lists. The literature search was performed from 1966 through June 2018.
Study Selection: Randomized trials, observational studies, and case reports of injections of
biologics into the disc, epidural space, facet joints, or sacroiliac joints.
Data Extraction: Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were performed
utilizing Cochrane review methodologic quality assessment and Interventional Pain Management
Techniques - Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment (IPM-QRB) and Interventional
Pain Management Techniques – Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment for
Nonrandomized Studies (IPM-QRBNR). The evidence was summarized utilizing principles of best
evidence synthesis on a scale of 1 to 5.
Data Synthesis: Twenty-one injection studies met inclusion criteria. There were 12 lumbar disc
injections, 5 epidural, 3 lumbar facet joint, and 3 sacroiliac joint studies
Results: Evidence synthesis based on a single-arm metaanalysis, randomized controlled trials
(RCTs), and observational studies, disc injections of PRP and MSCs showed Level 3 evidence (on
a scale of Level I through V). Evidence for epidural injections based on single-arm metaanalysis, a
single randomized controlled trial and other available studies demonstrated Level 4 (on a scale of
Level I through V) evidence. Similarly, evidence for lumbar facet joint injections and sacroiliac joint
injections without metaanalysis demonstrated Level 4 evidence (on a scale of Level I through V)..
Limitations: Lack of high quality RCTs.
Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and single-arm metaanalysis shows that MSCs
and PRP may be effective in managing discogenic low back pain, radicular pain, facet joint pain,
and sacroiliac joint pain, with variable levels of evidence in favor of these techniques.
Key Words: Chronic low back pain, regenerative therapy, medicinal signaling or mesenchymal
stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, disc injection, lumbar facet joint injections, sacroiliac joint injections
Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced
Peripheral Neuropathy: Systematic Review and
Recommendations
Authors: Abdi Salahadin
Published: October 2019

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a commonly encountered
disease entity following chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Although only duloxetine is
recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for the treatment of CIPN in
2014, the evidence of the clinical outcome for new pharmaceutic therapies and non-pharmaceutic
treatments has not been clearly determined.
Objective: To provide a comprehensive review and evidence-based recommendations on the
treatment of CIPN.
Study Design: A systematic review of each treatment regimen in patients with CIPN.
Methods: The literature on the treatment of CIPN published from 1990 to 2017 was searched and
reviewed. The 2011 American Academy of Neurology Clinical Practice Guidelines Process Manual
was used to grade the evidence and risk of bias. We reviewed and updated the recommendations
of the ASCO in 2014, and evaluated new approaches for treating CIPN.
Results: A total of 26 treatment options in 35 studies were identified. Among these, 7 successful
RCTs, 6 failed RCTs, 18 prospective studies, and 4 retrospective studies were included. The included
studies examined not only pharmacologic therapy but also other modalities, including laser therapy,
scrambler therapy, magnetic field therapy and acupuncture, etc. Most of the included studies had
small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods. Primary outcome measures were highly variable
across the included studies. No studies were prematurely closed owing to its adverse effects.
Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review included relatively poor homogeneous,
with variations in timing of treatment, primary outcomes, and chemotherapeutic agents used.
Conclusion: The evidence is considered of moderate benefit for duloxetine. Photobiomodulation,
known as low level laser therapy, is considered of moderate benefit based on the evidence
review. Evidence did not support the use of lamotrigine and topical KA (4% ketamine and 2%
amitriptyline). The evidence for tricyclic antidepressants was inconclusive as amitriptyline showed
no benefit but nortriptyline had insufficient evidence. Further research on CIPN treatment is
needed with larger sample sizes, long-term follow-up, standardized outcome measurements, and
standardized treatment timing.
Key words: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, chemotherapy-tumor,
neuropathic pain, chronic pain, toxicology, treatment, reduction of pain, level of evidence.
Evaluation of Primary Care Physician Chronic
Pain Management Practice Patterns
Authors: Provenzano David
Published: October 2019

Background: The management of chronic pain is complex and often involves the integration
of multiple clinical, humanistic, and economic factors. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are often
at the forefront of managing chronic pain and often initiate pharmacological pain management
therapy. To date little is known surrounding the pain management practices of PCPs.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of PCPs in
management of chronic pain.
Study Design: A survey.
Setting: Western region of Pennsylvania, US.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey evaluated PCPs pain management treatment
practices including assessment of chronic pain, procedural activities surrounding therapy,
decision-making input, and knowledge for therapeutic pain management including the 5 main
classes of medications. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of the literature
including published chronic pain guidelines. The questionnaire was mailed to a convenience
sample of 300 PCPs practicing in Western Pennsylvania. The study was approved by the University
Institutional Review Board.
Results: The survey had a response rate of 16%. The respondents on average treated 30 chronic
pain patients per month predominately in a community setting. The most common conditions
treated included osteoarthritis, back and neuropathic pain. Although the major reported source
of education was published literature, only 67% respondents referred to pain management
guidelines. Multiple knowledge and practice gaps were identified surrounding pharmacological
treatment, medication management including compliance practices, and pain assessment.
Limitations: Although low, the response rate is comparable to response rates for other chronic
pain management topics including anticoagulation and prescription patterns for chronic pain
physicians. Also, greater than 50% of the respondents were from private practice, therefore,
the results may not pertain to other practice settings including academic and hospital-based
practices.
Conclusions: The survey provided significant insight into PCP practices and highlights areas for
future educational efforts. Further opioid prescribing education would be beneficial especially
regarding the utilization of opioid risk assessment tools, the selection of opioids, and opioid end
organ effects. Furthermore, patient education on the realities of chronic pain management and
the importance of nonpharmacological treatment are needed in order to reduce the challenges
faced by PCPs surrounding chronic pain management.
Key words: Chronic pain, primary care physician, pain management, survey questionnaire
Exploring the Role of Chronic Pain Clinics:
Potential for Opioid Reduction
Authors: Ibrahim Mohab
Published: October 2019

Background: The management of chronic nonmalignant pain with high-dose opioids has
partially contributed to the current opioid epidemic, with some responsibility shared by chronic
pain clinics. Traditionally, both primary care providers and patients used chronic pain clinics as
a source for continued medical management of patients on high-dose opioids, often resulting
in tolerance and escalating doses. Although opioids continue to be an important component of
the management of some chronic pain conditions, improvement in function and comfort must
be documented. Pain clinics are ideally suited for reducing opioid usage while improving pain
and function with the use of a multimodal approach to pain management. We assessed whether
the application of multimodal treatment directed by pain specialists in a pain clinic provides for
improved function and reduced dosages of opioid analgesics.
Objective: We evaluated the role of a pain clinic staffed by fellowship-trained pain physicians in
reducing pain and opioid use in chronic nonmalignant pain patients.
Study Design: This study used a retrospective design.
Setting: The research took place in an outpatient pain clinic in a tertiary referral center/teaching
hospital.
Methods: Of 1268 charts reviewed, 296 patients were on chronic opioids at the time of first
evaluation. After a thorough evaluation, the patients were treated with nonopioid pharmacotherapy
and interventional pain procedures as necessary. The data utilized from patients’ latest follow-up
visit included current pain level using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11), opioid usage, and
various functional parameters.
Results: NRS-11 scores decreased by 33.8% from 6.8 (± 0.1)/10 to 4.5 (± 0.2)/10. The pain
frequency and number of pain episodes improved by 36.8 ± 2 and 36.2 ± 2.1, respectively.
Additionally, the ability to sleep, work, and perform chores significantly improved. Total opioid use
decreased by about 55.4% from 53.8 ± 4 to about 24 ± 2.8 MME/patient/day.
Limitation: This study is not a randomized prospective controlled study. The patients analyzed
are still getting therapy and their pain status may change. Some opioids are underrepresented in
the analyzed cohort. Finally, this study lacks in-depth stratification by type of pain, age, gender,
and duration of opioid use.
Conclusion: Chronic pain clinics can play a pivotal role in reducing opioid usage while improving
pain and function in patients on chronic opioids. We wish to emphasize the importance of
allocating resources toward nonopioid treatments that may improve the function and well-being
of patients.
Key words: Pain clinic, pain management, multimodal pain management, chronic pain, opioid
reduction, improved pain, improved functional capacity
Fundamental Considerations for GeneticallyGuided Pain Management with Opioids Based
on CYP2D6 and OPRM1 Polymorphisms
Authors: Ruano Gualberto
Published: October 2019

Background: A major challenge for effective pharmacotherapy in pain management is to provide the
drug best suited to the patient’s innate characteristics.
Objective: The article illustrates pharmacogenetic principles to optimize treatments for patients and
increase the likelihood of pain relief without dependence. Genetic variances are particularly relevant to
opioid drugs used in pain control, and can now be harvested for predictive clinical decision support.
Study Design: Clinically actionable polymorphisms in CYP2D6 (cytochrome p450 2D6) and OPRM1
(μ1 opioid receptor), the most important gene coding, respectively, for a metabolizing enzyme and
receptor for opioids are reviewed, and functional effects described.
Methods: Risk of dysfunction is calculated from the frequency of the alleles with null function for
CYP2D6, and from the low function polymorphism for OPRM1. Integration of genetic variability was
performed for 9 combinatorial scenarios for CYP2D6 and OPRM1. Each combination was quantified
in frequency and classified for clinical impact. A rational and pharmacological basis for personalized
pain management based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling is extracted from the
frequency of the combinations.
Results: Patients can be classified in 3 broad risk categories for opioid side effects and dependence.
Patients at high-risk with dysfunctional CYP2D6 or OPRM1 account for ~14% of the population and are
best managed with non-opioids. Patients at medium risk with subnormal CYP2D6 or OPRM1 account for
~48% of the population and can be managed with dose monitoring. Patients at low risk with functional
CYP2D6 and OPRM1 account for ~38% of the population and should be availed to opioid therapy.
Limitations: Heuristic clinical decision support considerations are not validated yet by deployment in
large clinical practices. Environmental modifiers such as other drugs and dietary supplements interact
with innate characteristics to modify the genetic predictions.
Conclusion: Through clinical decision support interpreting the genotyping data, drug choices and
doses can then be tailored to provide safe and effective therapy for individual patients. This precision
affords personalized medicine to be practiced in pain treatment. Genetic factors could help determine
why some patients seem more vulnerable than others to opioid side effects and dependence.
Key words: Pain management, opioids, CYP2D6, OPRM1, clinical decision support, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, combinatorial genotypes
Recurrent Headache Increases Blood-Brain
Barrier Permeability and VEGF Expression
in Rats
Authors: Ran Li
Published: October 2019

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important anatomical structure of the central
nervous system (CNS) that limits the penetration of a variety of substances from the blood into
the parenchyma. Dysfunction of the BBB is involved in various CNS disorders, including stroke,
inflammation, and pain. However, the evidence concerning its role in migraine is insufficient.
Objective: This study will investigate whether recurrent headache increases BBB permeability and
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a rat model.
Study Design: This study used an experimental design.
Setting: The research took place in the Laboratory Research Center at The First Affiliated Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University.
Methods: Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: inflammatory
soup (IS), control (PBS), and treatment (IS+Sumatriptan) groups. Recurrent headache was induced
by episodic IS stimulation: 20 µL of IS were pumped into the dura 3 times per week in rats. The
control group was administered 20 µL of PBS. The rats in the treatment group were simultaneously
treated with sumatriptan (300 ug/kg, intraperitoneal) at the same time that IS was applied to the
dura. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were examined by electronic von Frey filaments with rigid
tips. BBB permeability changes were measured with Evans blue (EB). The expression of VEGF was
measured by double labeling and Western blotting.
Results: After 4 IS applications, the mechanical nociceptive thresholds significantly decreased. In
addition, the mechanical hypersensitivity persisted for 4 hours after 9 applications. Only after 9
applications did the BBB permeability increase, as demonstrated by the EB tracer. The BBB disruption
was accompanied by an elevation in VEGF expression. Sumatriptan treatment significantly reduced
the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by IS stimulations and decreased the BBB disruption and
VEGF expression.
Limitations: Potential mechanisms that underlie the relationship between BBB and VEGF were not
examined in this study.
Conclusions: The present study showed that repeated IS stimulations induced long-lasting
allodynia, increased BBB permeability, and upregulated VEGF expression, all of which could be
attenuated by early sumatriptan treatment.
Key words: Migraine, inflammatory soup, blood-brain barrier, vascular endothelial growth factor,
sumatriptan
Safety and Effectiveness of Transforaminal
Epiduroscopic Laser Ablation in Single Level
Disc Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shin Dong Ah
Published: October 2019

Background: The non-operative treatment of herniated intervertebral discs has long been
a fundamental challenge. A novel technique of laser ablation to ablate the nucleus pulposus
under a transforaminal epiduroscope (TELA system, Lutronics, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was
recently developed.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of
transforaminal epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) for selective ablation of the nucleus
pulposus in single-level disc disease.
Study Design: Prospective case control study
Setting: Multicenter study
Methods: This study included a group of 56 patients who underwent transforaminal
epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) and 56 patients who underwent selective transforaminal
epidural block (STEB) for single-level disc disease. Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry
Disability Index (ODI), and SF-12 were assessed at admission and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months
postoperatively.
Results: The mean VAS of back pain was lower for the TELA group than for the STEB group
12 months postoperative (P < 0.05). The mean ODI was lower in the TELA group than in the
STEB group at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). There were no major complications
related to the TELA and STEB procedures.
Limitations: The primary limitation is a small sample size. The control group was created
from a database which was prospectively collected in a different time line.
Conclusions: The TELA procedure is superior to the STEB procedure in terms of patients
reporting less pain and better quality of life over a year. TELA may be a reasonable alternative
to conventional interventions or open surgery in single-level disc disease.
Key words: Laser-assisted spinal endoscopy, disc decompression, Nd:YAG laser, laser
ablation, intervertebral disc disease, lumbar spine
MITOS BATU BATULIS DAN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN PADA MASYARAKAT DAYAK HALONG
Authors: Mawardi Sisva
Published: October 2019

Salah satu cara untuk mengkomunikasikan larangan-larangan dalam masyarakat adalah dengan menciptakan mitos. Mitos tersebut tidak akan efektif kalau tidak diikuti dengan sanksi atau akibat dari pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Mitos Batu batulis merupakan salah satu mitos yang masih dipercaya oleh masyarakat Dayak Halong untuk menjaga lingkungan sekitar lokasi Mitos tersebut. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dilakukan di sekitar Batu Batulis ini dipercaya akan mengakibatkan bencana bagi yang melanggar bahkan bisa juga berakibat pada masyarakat di kampung tersebut.
KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI SIMANCUANG KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Undri Undri
Published: October 2019

Kajian ini memusatkan perhatian pada kajian bentuk kearifan lokal dalam masyarakat pedesaan di Simancuang Nagari Alam Pauh Duo Kecamatan Pauh Duo Kabupaten Solok Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Secara metodologi, penelitian ini mengunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa bentuk kearifan lokal pada masyarakat Simancuang dapat dibagi dua yakni (1) pada persawahan dan (2) hutan. Sebagian besar warga desa yang berdiri sejak tahun 1974 ini berprofesi sebagai petani padi dan masih mempertahankan cara menanam padi tradisional sehingga jumlah pupuk dan pembasmi hama berbahan kimia yang digunakan jauh lebih sedikit. Kemudian dalam bidang kehutanan, berdasarkan surat keputusan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor : SK.573/Menhut-II/2011 tanggal 03 Oktober 2011 tentang Penetapan Kawasan Hutan Lindung sebagai areal kerja Hutan Desa/Nagari Simancuang Alam PauhDuo seluas + 650 (enam ratus limapuluh) hektar di Kecamatan Pauh Duo Kabupaten Solok Selatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat, dan ini merupakan dasar hukum berdirinya Hutan Nagari Simancuang Nagari Alam Pauh Duo Kabupaten Solok Selatan yang selanjutnya mendapatkan izin pengelolaan Hutan Nagari berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Sumatera Barat Nomor: 522-43-2012 tanggal 19 Januari 2012 tentang Pemberian Hak Pengelolaan Hutan Nagari pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung seluas + 650 hektar kepada Lembaga Pengelola Hutan Nagari (LPHN) Simancuang.
PROSES ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO PROPINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Rismadona Rismadona
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang proses adat perkawinan masyarakat di Kabupaten Mukomuko Propinsi Bengkulu, mulai dari proses awal sampai akhir, serta bagaimana perubahan yang terjadi pada proses adat perkawinan itu sendiri. Hal ini berkaitan dengan persoalan bahwa masyarakat Mukomuko yang memiliki adat perkawinan tidak bisa dilepaskan dari perubahan-perubahan dalam proses adat perkawinan akibat perkembangan zaman. Hal ini terlihat pada perubahan dalam pemakaian warna baju, yakni memakai baju kurung, biasanya warnanya putih, namun sekarang ada yang biru muda dan pada dasarnya masih tetap berbaju kurung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsikualitatif, yang berupaya menggali tentang adat istiadat dan perubahan yang terjadi pada adat perkawinan masyarakat Mukomuko. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa secara umum adat perkawinan Mukomuko terdiri dari acara (berasan), bertunang atau terang tando, persiapan pernikahan, khatam Al Quran, pelaksanaan pernikahan, mandi bungo (bunga) bagi keluarga raja-raja, dan manjalang mertua. Tradisi tersebut tidak mengalami perubahan secara subtansi namun terjadi pada pakaian yang biasa dipakai tanpa mengubah bentuk selain warna dalam acara prosesi perkawinan tersebut
TARI TOGA DAN PEWARISANNYA DI NAGARI SIGUNTUR KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA
Authors: Refisrul Refisrul
Published: October 2019

Tari Toga adalah sebuah tari yang hanya terdapat di Nagari Siguntur Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat, yang telah ada semenjak zaman Kerajaan Siguntur dahulunya. Tari ini merupakan tari kerajaan dan menjadi salah satu kesenian tradisional di Minangkabau. Tetap eksisnya tari Toga hingga sekarang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari adanya pewarisan di kalangan masyarakat pengembannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tentang pewarisan tari Toga pada masyarakat Siguntur dan faktorfaktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengkajian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara dan obeservasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tari Toga tetap eksis karena adanya pewarisan, mulai dari zaman Kerajaan Siguntur, penjajahan Belanda, dan masa kemerdekaan yang ditandai dengan adanya upaya revitalisasi tari tari toga oleh pihak keturunan kerajaan, masyarakat dan pemerintah Dharmasraya. Sekarang, tari Toga selalu ditampilkan dalamberbagai kesempatan seperti hari ulang tahun kabupaten, penyambutan tamu, dan lainnya, dan menjadi salah satu icon budaya di Kabupaten Dharmasraya.
DUNIA KESEHATAN DI KAUR 1969 - 2015
Authors: Efrianto. A Efrianto. A
Published: October 2019

Kesehatan merupakan salah satu bidang yang mendapatkan perhatian lebih oleh pemerintah, mulai orde lama sampai orde reformasi. Faktor ini menyebabkan dunia kesehatan terus mengalami perkembangan terutama dilihat aspek sarana dan prasarana. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentangperkembangan sarana dan prasarana kesehatan di Kabupaten Kaur Propinsi Bengkulu dari tahun 1969 - 2015. Untuk menjawab tujuan penulisan di atas digunakan motede sejarah yang terdiri dari terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Untuk heuristik diperoleh melalui wawancara,observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka dengan mengunakan teknis analisis data model interaktif, setelah itu dilanjutkan kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sarana dan prasarana kesehatan di Kaur terus mengalami perkembangan. Di sisi lain masih ada masyarakat yang menjadikan sarana kesehatan tradisional sebagai media untuk menyembuhkan diri mereka.
Image Quality Differences In CT Scan Thorax By Using Slice Thickness Variation
Authors: Samsun Samsun , Prananto Legia , Wulandari Novita
Published: October 2019

The picture quality get from CT Scan of Thorax which required optimal parameter selection that’s right, one of them the selection of slice thickness. The method taken from theses that have been publish in the year 2013. The results of the research show the percentage of the value of the average spatial resolution of 2.5 mm slice thickness is (33.3%), noise (17.8%), artefact (1%). On the thickness of the slices 5 mm spatial resolution is (17%), noise (8.9%), artefacts (0%). On the thickness of slices of 7.5 mm spatial resolution is (8.9%), noise (11.1%), artefacts (53.3%). While the thickness of the slices the spatial resolution is 10 mm (8.9%), noise (22.2%), artefacts (68.9%). Based on the research results obtained the conclusion that thickness 2.5 mm slices on Thorax CT-Scan images produce better picture quality than with the thickness of the slices 5 mm, 7.5 mm, 10 mm, because the spatial resolution is more clear so as to reduce noise and artifacts.
Fitness Level Of High School Students Based On Smoking Habits, Nutrient Intake, Physical Activity And Nutritional Status
Authors: Astuti Trina , Febriansyah Febriansyah
Published: October 2019

This study discusses the fitness level of male students based on smoking habits , nutrient intake , physical activity and nutritional status as measured by cardiorespiratory endurance using YMCA-3 minutes step test.The design  is descriptive analytic  with cross-sectional study. The data were collected from 67 male students at SMAN 108 Jakarta. Study results showed that  58,2 % student is not fit, 41,8 % student is light smoker, 89,6 % deficiency energy intake, 80,6 % deficiency protein intake, 71,6 % deficiency vitamin B1, 56,7 % deficiency vitamin C, 52,2 % deficiency Fe intake, 73,1 % having weight physical activity and 28,4% malnutrition status. Chi-Square Test shows that fitness level of students depends on smoking habits (p=0,039), energy intake (p=0,001), vitamin B1 intake (p=0,012), and Fe intake (p=0,039). In order to increase the fitness status , it is advisable for students to organize a healthy lifestyle by quitting smoking , exercising regularly and increasing daily nutrient intake
OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROTHERMAL PRETREATMENT FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF BANANA PSEUDO STEM USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Silva Isadora Ferreira da , Queiroz José Humberto , Da Luz José Maria Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

In this study different conditions of hydrothermal pretreatment were evaluated for conversion of banana pseudo stem to fermentable sugars. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to obtain regression equations in function of the following variables: solid/liquid ratio (1/10; 1/12.5; 1/15), temperature (170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C) and reaction time (10 min, 15 min, 20 min). The cellulose digestibility improved in all conditions tested, with maximum digestibility achieved at 210 °C for 10 minutes and 1/15 of solid/liquid ratio. The Glucose yield at optimal conditions was 58.4 g/kg with an excellent recovery of cellulose of 98%. Thus, the hydrothermal pretreatment demonstrated to be an effective process in increasing cellulose concentration and producing fermentable sugar from recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, based on the design response surface methodology, an optimum condition of each pretreatment could be obtained from the statistical models built. All the variables studied influenced the enzymatic sugar release.
THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY'S CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Dugar-Zhabon Ruslana , Senotrusova Polina
Published: October 2019

The main theories of capital structure are considered.
THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL QUALITY ASPECTS THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE IRKUTSK REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Savchuk Natal'ya
Published: October 2019

The article examined the activities of the authorities to improve the quality of the urban environment in the cities of Irkutsk region. The causes of air pollution in the context of transforming cities into big industrial centers are researched.
ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS I - COURSE
Authors: Yaroshevich Irina
Published: October 2019

Considered practical experience and analysis of indicators of physical development

of students. Students of the 1st course have little information about their physical and functional indicators for physical education classes, therefore, they have not developed motivation and interest in

classes.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN TINDAKAN MENGATASI PREMENSTRUASI SINDROM
Authors: Tantina Tiffani
Published: October 2019

Premenstrual syndrome is quite high, with almost (75%) of women of childbearing age around the world experiencing premenstrual syndrome. Country of Indonesia itself the number of events around (70-90%), which occurs in women of childbearing age and more often found in women aged 20-40 years. This figure indicates that Premenstrual Syndrome in Indonesia is quite a lot that needs to be done countermeasures to stay and overcome it. Low knowledge of the various forms of adolescents have risky behavior / action. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the variables studied and knowledge with Premenstrual Actions Syndrome. This research method uses pure quantitative in cross sectional approach. The research subjects were female teenagers residing in the new village of Pancur Batu sub-district, which faced 90 people who were 12-16 years old. Random sampling technique by simple random sampling. Data analysis was done by Chi-Square test with multiple Linear regression test. The result of the study was no correlation between end result of age, education, first menstruation with action of overcoming premenstrual syndrome , the most dominant and significant variable is age, and knowledge also has a significant relationship with the action of overcoming premenstrual syndrome.
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI DENGAN SIKAP DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI PADA PERAWAT
Authors: Nasution Evi Fitriani , Sitio Sri Sudewi Pratiwi
Published: October 2019

The hospitals can be a place where various kinds of microorganisms spread. To prevent such situation, there needs to be an effort to control infection effectively in hospitals, one of the preventation of contamination between nurses and patient is to use personal protective equipment (PPE) every time a treatment conducted.

The method of this research is decriptive correlation with cross-sectional approach, which objective is to see correlation between the two variables, namely motivation, as the independent variable, and behaviour, as the dependent variable.

The result of is research variable knowledge with pvalue = 0,030, variable graduated with pvalue = 0,395, variable long-time employment with pvalue = 0,022, variable jobholders with pvalue = 0,179, variable policy with pvalue = 0,000, variable supervision  with pvalue = 0,000, variable attitude with pvalue = 0,005.

As the conclusion from chi-square test result, it was found out that the use of personal protective equipment has correlation with motivation with nurse’s attitude in doing treatment, and the use of personal protective equipment has to be maintained dan become one of the regular activity for nurses in doing treatment. It is suggested to profesional health care in hospital to pay more attention to the nurses’ performance in order to increase the quality of health service to the community, and hospitals should increase the program for supervision, policy, and provision of the use of PPE on nurses to increase the quality of services in hospitals, nurses should always use personal protective equipment in every treatment.
Aprendizagem significativa: concepções na formação inicial de professores de Ciências
Authors: Suárez Silva Jennifer Alejandra , Fortes Braidante Mara Elisa
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação qualitativa que visa analisar as concepções de um grupo de professores em formação inicial, sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Identificando se os professores em formação inicial: consideram a aprendizagem significativa como um objetivo da educação; conhecem sua teoria e suas condições para alcança-la na sala de aula e o modelo epistemológico adotado. Além disso, apresenta-se um referencial teórico que aborda a aprendizagem significativa e suas contribuições na formação de professores. Nos resultados obtidos destaca-se a importância da formação inicial de professores e o fortalecimento das concepções pedagógicas e didáticas para conseguir mudanças nos processos educativos.
Diversidade de Gênero e Sexualidade no processo formativo docente
Authors: Hames Clarines , Kemp Adriana Toso
Published: October 2019

O foco deste texto é refletir sobre questões de sexualidade e diversidade de gênero a partir de interações realizadas na formação inicial de professores de Ciências/Biologia. Foi desenvolvida uma sequência didática nas aulas de Prática de Ensino de Biologia II, em três momentos: aulas, interações nas escolas e elaboração de artigo. Ao final, os acadêmicos responderam à questão: “no seu entendimento, a área de Biologia/Ciências tem responsabilidade na discussão das questões de gênero e sexualidade? Justifique.” Percebeu-se que as concepções dos acadêmicos ainda têm um enfoque na anatomia e fisiologia de sistemas, doenças e prevenção. A dimensão afetiva e prazerosa da sexualidade é negligenciada. As reflexões apontam para a ampliação do papel da Ciência/Biologia nessas discussões, bem como a importância de um diálogo qualificado com outras áreas do conhecimento.
Construção de um biodigestor: uma proposta de ensino interdisciplinar para escolas do campo
Authors: Moro Fernanda Teresa , Coppi Eliseu Paulo , Prsybyciem Moises Marques
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida por um professor da Educação Básica, com estudantes do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual, em Itatiba do Sul – RS, integrante do TCC do autor principal. O objetivo do trabalho foi utilizar os resíduos da comunidade escolar na produção de energia a partir de um biodigestor. O trabalho destaca a construção do biodigestor, aproveitando materiais encontrados no ambiente, possibilitando à escola produção de biogás. Baseado no pressuposto de que a educação se constrói no meio em que se vive, com os desafios e possibilidades encontradas no mesmo, espera-se que os alunos sejam protagonistas de mudanças e que a escola seja um espaço aberto à construção de saberes, buscando uma formação integral, dando sentido aos conteúdos trabalhados. O plano de ação, vai além da temática de currículo específico, buscando a integração entre as disciplinas de Biologia, Física e Química, visando alternativas sustentáveis.
A importância do estudo dos fósseis para compreensão da história e preservação da vida na terra:
Authors: Machado Ana Carolina Ferreira , Santos Verônica Soares dos , Souza Juliane Marques de , Vasconcelos Emanuella Silveira
Published: October 2019

Este artigo é resultado de um projeto de intervenção realizado com 22 estudantes de uma turma do 4° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Boa Vista/RR. O problema que originou o projeto foi: De que forma o estudo dos fósseis pode contribuir no processo de formação de cidadãos mais conscientes sobre as questões ambientais, capazes de solucionar problemas relacionados às alterações do clima e da biodiversidade numa perspectiva de educação inclusiva? O objetivo geral foi contribuir, por meio de uma ação de intervenção no espaço escolar, no processo de formação de cidadãos mais conscientes sobre as questões ambientais, capazes de solucionar problemas relacionados às alterações do clima e da biodiversidade numa perspectiva de educação inclusiva. O conteúdo abordado foi o estudo dos fósseis e a paleontologia. A metodologia utilizada seguiu o percurso da pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a observação participante. Verificou-se a necessidade de tentar transformar o ensino dos conteúdos exigidos em Ciências Naturais mais aprazíveis para o aluno, fazendo o uso de materiais concretos e de metodologias ativas a fim de promover uma aprendizagem significativa. Resulta, a partir desse movimento, em discentes atentos para a importância da preservação do meio ambiente e sabedores que as marcas deixadas no passado servem para compreendermos a atual biodiversidade, situarmo-nos no tempo e espaço enquanto espécie e pensarmos em formas eficazes de conservação.
Funções da avaliação da aprendizagem na formação inicial de professores de Ciências
Authors: Lamy Bruno , Jacques Beatriz Pereira , Galieta Tatiana
Published: October 2019

Apresentamos neste trabalho os resultados de duas pesquisas que buscaram identificar as diferentes visões de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas a respeito da avaliação explorando suas funções no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas com 27 licenciandos de um mesmo curso que foram, posteriormente, transcritas na íntegra. Utilizamos categorias teóricas para classificar as funções de avaliação enunciadas pelos sujeitos, a saber: diagnóstica, somativa, formativa e mediadora. Reflexões sobre a prova como método avaliativo surgiram nas falas dos entrevistados e, por isso, foi feita uma análise sobre suas limitações. As análises apontam uma lacuna em relação à avaliação diagnóstica que pode ser potencialmente relacionada aos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos. A função somativa como um reflexo de práticas classificatórias com tendências conservadoras esteve presente. As funções formativas e mediadoras também foram contempladas, já que os licenciandos expressaram preocupação com as estratégias de ensino, compreendendo a avaliação como um momento para refletir sobre a própria prática docente. A prova que foi identificada como um instrumento padronizado de avaliação que visa à normatização de práticas escolares e à exclusão de estudantes que se sentem pressionados e frustrados.
Química no Ensino Fundamental: estabelecendo conceitos por meio do estudo dos perfumes em uma formação continuada
Authors: Guimarães Lucas , Faria Flávia Ferreira
Published: October 2019

É notório a dificuldade de desenvolver aulas de Química para alunos do ensino fundamental e médio principalmente em escolas públicas, a falta de recursos dificulta ainda mais demonstrações que facilitem o aprendizado de conceitos em Química. Somado a isso existe o fato da Química só “aparecer” como disciplina no fim do Ensino Fundamental. Essa pesquisa foi realizada em uma formação continuada com professores de Ciências e tem como principal objetivo abordar conceitos químicos dentro de temas que tenham relevância no cotidiano dos alunos, como os perfumes. Além disso, tem também como objetivo expandir o aprendizado de química para o 8º ano do ensino fundamental através de uma proposta de aula. Paralelamente, estas atividades também provocou uma reflexão na prática de ensino para professores da rede pública municipal de Barra Mansa (RJ). A proposta de aula teve como o tema perfume e o olfato. Foi elaborada inicialmente e após foi discutida com o grupo de professores e esses contribuíram para a construção de acordo com sua realidade em sala de aula. Os resultados dessas aulas são apresentados e discutidos, com um enfoque na análise interpretativa das respostas dos questionamentos aplicados durante o encontro de formação continuada. Estes resultados permitem estabelecer algumas correlações entre a impressão dos professores sobre a possibilidade de abordar Química durante todo o ensino fundamental.
A MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA PERSPECTIVA DA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Burak Dionisio
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, descrevemos características dos elementos da Modelagem Matemática, no contexto de uma perspectiva de Educação Matemática, trazendo para a questão do ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática na Educação Básica, utilizando a Modelagem como metodologia de ensino da Matemática. Entre esses elementos, consideramos a natureza da Educação Matemática e a questão do método de pesquisa como elementos diferenciadores para a maneira de ver e conceber a Modelagem Matemática no âmbito da Educação Básica. A forma de projetar a Modelagem reflete o caminho percorrido por Burak há mais de três décadas, e leva à adoção de princípios para o seu desenvolvimento, que justificam a orientação metodológica adotada no desenvolvimento das práticas com a Modelagem em sala de aula. Esses encaminhamentos são uma maneira de abordar o processo de ensino para o aprendizado. Descreve em detalhes cada uma das etapas sugeridas para os encaminhamentos das práticas e, como resultado, pontua as conseqüências das práticas com a Modelagem Matemática
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MEWARNAI GAMBAR PADA KELOMPOK B TAMAN KANAK-KANAK DHARMA WANITA KECAMATAN KATOBU KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Iskandar Sartika , . Aisyah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan mewarnai gambar pada Kelompok B TK Dharma Wanita Kecamatan Katobu Kabupaten Muna. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak yang berjumlah 23 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan atau observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Hasil evaluasi belajar anak sebelum tindakan diperoleh presentase sebesar 43% dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 70% kemudian  mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 87% ketuntasan secara. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus anak pada kelompok B Taman Kanak-kanak Dharma Wanita Kecamatan Katobu Kabupaten Muna dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan mewarnai gambar. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran, Motorik Halus, Mewarnai Gambar.