bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiseptic-impregnated tracheostomy tube for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: in-vitro and pilot study in humans
Authors: Gasparetto Juliano , Jurkonis Leandro Bressianini , Dantas Leticia Ramos , Suss Paula Hansen , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: October 2022

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the
most common causes of nosocomial infections and is associated with
prolonged hospitalization, increased health care costs, and high
mortality of critically ill patients during hospitalization in intensive
care units (ICUs). Objective: To characterize and evaluate
in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial and anti-biofilm
activity of an in-house tracheostomy tube impregnated with chlorhexidine
and violet crystal. Methods: The tracheostomy tubes were tested
in vitro for their ability to prevent biofilm formation by
standard strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E.
coli, and multidrug-resistant bacteria obtained from clinical cultures:
Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The impregnated
tracheostomy tubes demonstrated antimicrobial activity, including for
multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this pilot study, 14 patients were
evaluated, seven in the chlorhexidine and violet crystal-coated group
and seven in the control group. During ventilation, VAP occurred in one
patient in the coated group and in three patients in the control group
(p=0.28). The biomass in the impregnated tubes did not differ from the
control group and no difference was found in the production of sessile
cells by the quantitative method, with a median of 15.50 cfu/mL
(IQR25-75% 12.00-196.50) and 168.00 cfu/mL ((IQR25-75% 78.50-250.00),
respectively. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary
evidence to support that antiseptic impregnation of tracheostomy tube
provides significant antimicrobial activity.
A Comprehensive Survey on Artificial Intelligence in sustainable education
Authors: Shehzadi Tabinda , Safer Adam , Hussain Shafiq
Published: October 2022

Sustainable education is an approach of aiming to establish the sustainability act in students, and communicate the values among schools, colleges and communities the values and motivations future-in one’s own life, in their communities, and on a worldwide platform.Along with I.C.T. students, their fresher professionals also need an intelligent system that can understand each professional’s learning needs and help them excel in their skills.
Risk Aversion and a Calculus for Finitely Generated Piecewise Linear Functions: A Calculus that Economists Ought to Develop?
Authors: Lahiri Somdeb
Published: October 2022

In this note we propose a calculus for piece-wise linear functions, in order to obtain derivatives and second derivatives at points where the function is not differentiable. Such derivatives can be used to calculate coefficients of risk aversion at initial wealth for piece-wise linear utility functions for gains, which display loss aversion-and hence non differentiability at zero gains.
Zasady z Rochdale w obecnej działalności polskich kooperatyw spożywczych
Authors: Zbyrowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja zastosowania klasycznych zasad spółdzielczych z Rochdale w obecnej działalności polskich kooperatyw spożywczych. Na podstawie uporządkowanego modelu logitowego zidentyfikowano czynniki mające istotny wpływ na możliwość stosowania wspomnianych zasad. Obserwacje uczestniczące autorki oraz badania literaturowe pozwoliły na sformułowanie pytania badawczego o wymiarze historyczno-organizacyjnym. Część empiryczna pracy została przygotowana w oparciu o dane zgromadzone w ramach badania ankietowego. Syntetyczne wnioski sformułowano z pomocą metod analizy ilościowej.
Kinetic study of different biomass pyrolysis and oxygen-enriched combustion
Authors: Castells Blanca , Amez Isabel , Manic Nebojsa , Stojiljkovic Dragoslava , Medic Ljiljana , Garcia-Torrent Javier
Published: October 2022

Global warming and the GHG effect have forced the reduction of the energetic
dependence on fossil fuels. Because of that, research focusing on biomass
properties, characteristics and energetic conversion has increased in the
last decades. The present study was carried out in terms of determination of
kinetic parameters, focusing on two different energetic conversion
processes: pyrolysis, carried out under nitrogen atmosphere, and
oxygen-enriched combustion, using an atmosphere of air enriched with 30%
oxygen. Three different lignocellulosic bio-mass samples were used.
Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using four different heating rates
in order to carry out a kinetic analysis using model free methods (Friedman,
Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa). The results showed that
oxygen-enriched combustion produced a more complete reaction with low char
values and activation energy values greater than pyrolysis values. Among the
kinetic methods, Friedman reported the most different values, acceptable for
pyrolysis process but not so much for oxygen-enriched combustion.
Experimental study on heat transfer performance and flow visualization in microchannels with micropillars
Authors: Ye Mingzheng , Yan Tingxiang , Wang Jin , He Yongqing , Klemes Jiri
Published: October 2022

This research investigated heat transfer performance and flow characteristics
of three polydimethylsiloxane microchannels full of deionised water as a
working fluid. A single micropillar, horizontal micropillars, and vertical
micropillars along the flow direction were prepared on the microchannels
experimentally. Results show that the Nusselt number of microchannels with
two horizontal micropillars is 19% higher than that with a single
micropillar. The microchannel with two vertical micropillars has the Nusselt
number is 29% higher than that with a single micropillar, which shows the
best performance on the heat transfer enhancement. Visualization experiments
of the flow field were carried out to explore the enhanced mechanism of the
heat transfer for microchannels with various micropillar arrangements. When
the flow rate is 7 mLpm, the maximum velocities near the single cylinder
and the horizontal micro-column are 0.5 m/s and 0.52 m/s. Fluid velocity in
a region between two vertical micropillars reaches 0.72 m/s when the flow
rate is 7 mLpm. The fluid in the high-speed region is fully mixed around the
micropillar, which reduces the stagnation region area down-stream of the
vertical micropillar and enhances heat transfer.
Research progress on the quality and efficiency of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites processed by laser
Authors: Feng Wenju , Fang Xing , Yang Qian , Tao Jiafeng , Zheng Zhong
Published: October 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) has been widely used in aerospace,
military weapons, new energy and high-end vehicles due to its specific and
superior strength, low density and long-lasting wear resistance. The
processing of CFRP is very different from the traditional metal processing
because of its heterogeneous structure, anisotropy and superior wear
resistance of CFRP. Usually, CFRP has often various defects in mechanical
processing and water jet processing, such as interlayer tearing, fiber
pull-out, delamination, tool wear, and abrasive penetration. Through laser
processing, the problems of CFRP materials existing in mechanical processing
can be overcome. However, due to the huge differences in thermal physical
properties such as thermal conductivity and vaporization temperature of
carbon fiber and resin in CFRP, its laser processing also turns out to have
some issues, such as heat-affected zone and fiber end expansion. This paper
summarizes the research results of CFRP laser processing in China and
internationally. Research progress was introduced in detail from various
aspects including laser and material mechanism as well as laser processing
parameters. It reports the experimental and theoretical studies covering the
process accuracy in edge quality and the thermal characteristics in terms of
heat-affected zone. Eliminating the heat-affected zone in the polymer matrix
are considered the major obstacles of CFRP industrial applications. The
methods of improving processing efficiency by increasing material removal
rate and reducing processing time were reviewed. The influence of different
thermal conductivity of carbon fiber and resin matrix in CFRP on the
processing quality was discussed. Finally, the development trend and
challenges of thermal conductivity of carbon fiber and resin in CFRP in
theoretical modeling were proposed.
Comparison of periodontal status and failure rates with different retainer bonding methods and adhesives: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Çokakoğlu Serpil , Kızıldağ Alper
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This single-center, randomized clinical trial evaluated and compared retainer bonding among different methods and adhesives in terms of periodontal status and failure rates.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 patients from the orthodontic department of Pamukkale University were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups: group 1, direct bonding (DB) with two-step adhesive; group 2, DB with one-step adhesive; group 3, indirect bonding (IDB) with two-step adhesive; and group 4, IDB with one-step adhesive. Eligibility criteria included good finishing results and oral hygiene, no periodontal or systemic problems, and no missing anterior teeth or restorations. Randomization was carried out using computer-generated random numbers with allocation concealment by opaque, sealed envelopes. The main outcomes were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and calculus index (CI) recorded at bonding, 6 months (T1), and 12 months (T2) after bonding. A secondary outcome was failure rate. The periodontal outcome assessor was blinded. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test.

Results

PI and GI increased with time in all study groups, but there were no significant differences among groups at any time point. A small amount of calculus was observed in all study groups, with the increase in CI for group 3 significantly greater at the T2-T1 time interval (P < .05). There were no significant differences between groups for 12-month failure rates.

Conclusions

The one-step retainer adhesive was similar in terms of periodontal status and failure rate. Therefore, a one-step adhesive can be used during bonding, regardless of technique.
Skin Eosinophil Counts in Bullous Pemphigoid as a Prognostic Factor for Disease Severity and Treatment Response
Authors: Baum Sharon , Engler Markowitz Maya , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Gershon Rotem , Aviv Hannah , Segal Zvi , Barzilai Aviv
Published: October 2022

Dermal infiltration of eosinophils and eosinophilic spongiosis are prominent features of bullous pemphigoid lesions. Although several observations support the pathogenic role of eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid, few studies have examined the impact of skin eosinophil counts on disease severity and treatment response. This retrospective study assessed the association between eosinophil counts in skin biopsy samples of 137 patients with bullous pemphigoid and their demographic characteristics, comorbidities, disease severity, and treatment response. There was no relationship between eosinophil count and age, sex, or disease severity at disease onset. There was a positive relationship between eosinophil counts and neurological comorbidity and a negative relationship between eosinophil counts and treatment response. At all follow-up points patients with no tissue eosinophils had a better response to treatment than patients with any tissue eosinophil count. In conclusion, skin eosinophil counts in patients with bullous pemphigoid are not correlated with disease severity at onset, but can serve as a negative prognostic marker for treatment response.
BIT OPERATIONS WITH ELEMENTS OF THE RSA ALGORITHM IN ENCRYPTION-DECRYPTION OF COLOR IMAGES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kovalchuk A. M. , Peleckh Yuriy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bubela Tetiana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2022

An image as a stochastic signal is one of the most common forms of information. Protecting images from unauthorized access and applying is a correspondingly urgent task. This causes the use of well-known classical encryption methods in the case of image encryption. But the image is a signal that possesses, in addition to typical informativeness, also visual informativeness. Informativeness for modern image processing methods makes it possible to ensure unauthorized access. Creating an attack on an encrypted image is possible in two ways: by traditional hacking of encryption methods, or by classical methods of visual image processing (filtering, highlighting contours, etc.). In this regard, one more requirement is put forward to encryption methods in the case of their application concerning images - this is the complete noise of the encrypted image. This is necessary so that the use of visual image processing methods becomes impossible. The RSA algorithm is one of the most widely known industrial standards for encrypting signals. Unlike symmetric encryption, in an open-key encryption scheme, it is impossible to calculate the decryption procedure, knowing the encryption procedure. Namely, the working time of the algorithm for calculating the decryption procedure is so great that it cannot be implemented on any modern computers, as well as on computers of the future. Such coding schemes are called asymmetric. Therefore, the urgent task is to implement the application of the RSA algorithm so that when encrypting an image: – the cryptographic stability of the RSA algorithm has not become worse; – the full image noise was achieved to prevent the use of visual image processing techniques. The algorithm of elements of the RSA algorithm, as the most resistant to unauthorized decryption of signals, and bitwise operations for a compatible combination during encryption and decryption of images is proposed by the authors. Encryption - decryption is performed without additional noise. The proposed algorithm is applied to images in which there are strictly extracted contours. Elements of the RSA algorithm are assigned to perform bitwise operations on the intensity values of pixels of a color image. The developed algorithm has higher cryptographic stability compared to the traditional RSA algorithm. The authors described the possibilities of using elements of the RSA algorithm in bitwise transformations when encrypting and decrypting images. The results of encryption simulation for cryptographic transformations of color images of a given dimension are presented. Modified models and algorithmic procedures of key formation processes of direct and inverse cryptographic transformations have been developed. They are reduced to elemental mathematical operations.
Взаимосвязь между стилями семейного воспитания и уровнем креативности и тревожности у детей младших школьников
Authors: Агулова Дарья С. , Звездина Галина П.
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматривается представление о стилях семейного воспитания, как о факторах, влияющих на проявление креативности у детей младшего школьного возраста. Новизна работы заключается в том, что проведенное эмпирическое исследование является одним из немногих исследований, посвященных изучению взаимосвязи стилей семейного воспитания и проявлений креативности и тревожности детьми младшего школьного возраста. Во Введении автором обозревается актуальность исследования, обусловленная высоким запросом на обеспечение всех сфер общественной жизни кадрами, имеющими нестандартное, творческое мышление, и, вместе с тем, отсутствием понимания того, каким образом отношения в семье влияют на развитие креативности у детей. Приводится анализ различным подходов к проблеме креативности и творческого мышления. В качестве эмпирического объекта исследования выступили 60 детей, в возрасте от 8 до 11 лет и их родители. В разделе «Методы» перечислены статистические методы, а также методический инструментарий: Тест Торренса, Опросник Кетелла, Методика Степанова. Результаты исследования показывают взаимосвязь между стилями родительского воспитания, креативностью и тревожностью у детей. В разделе «Обсуждение результатов» автор отмечает, что в семьях с демократическим стилем воспитания, у детей больше условий для развития их креативности и творческого потенциала, так как здесь родитель осознает важность своей роли, давая при этом ребёнку много пространства для развития. Уровень тревожности в подобных семьях у детей ниже.
Calculation of the liquid flow splitter of the groundwater aerator
Authors:   South Ural State University, Novoselov M. G. , Ulrikh D. V. ,   South Ural State University, Belkanova M. Yu. ,   South Ural State University, Nitskaya S. G. ,   South Ural State University
Published: October 2022

Creation of reliable and efficient equipment for aeration-degassing of groundwater solves the technological problems of removing dissolved gases and saturating water with atmospheric oxygen. The purpose of this study is to compile the procedure for calculating the liquid flow splitter for a combined type aerator. The diameter of the throttle hole is determined, the diameter of the splitter is calculated, which determines the speed of the water outflow from the edge of the splitter. The calculation is made for an ideal liquid and assumes that the water flow after the divider is divided into many streams with an elementary flow rate. A design scheme for the movement of water under the splitter is presented. Application of the calculation results allows creating the largest possible area of the water dome within the aerator column.
The problems of calendar planning in the construction of facilities with the involvement of budgetary funds
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Motylev R. V. , Karpushkin A. S. ,   Crimean branch Federal Autonomous Institution «RosKapStroy»
Published: October 2022

The article presents a review of mandatory forms of calendar planning at each stage of the investment cycle. The main problems that arise during calendar planning are highlighted. Solutions are proposed intended at reducing the identified problems and increasing the efficiency of budget disbursement.
Surface runoff disposal from the territory of boiler houses
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Verkhoturov V. P.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the features of the formation of surface runoff (rainfall runoff and melt water runoff) disposed from the territories of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. There are presented some data of natural studies of pollution of rainfall and melt water runoff from the territory of boiler houses operating on gas fuel and located in various districts of St. Petersburg. The requirements for the quality of water used in circulating water supply systems of boiler houses are considered. Based on the data of the conducted research, there is proposed a rational scheme for surface runoff disposal, taking into account the possibility of using treated wastewater in the technical (circulating) water supply systems of boiler houses. The proposed scheme for surface runoff disposal will allow reducing the amount of wastewater discharged into public sewerage systems, cutting the consumption of drinking-quality water from public water supply systems, reducing costs and optimizing the industrial water supply scheme of the enterprise.
ENAMEL ACIDITY RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN 7-12 YEARS OLD WITH CARIES OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT TEETH AND WITH INACTIVE TEETH
Authors: Kaskova L. , Mandzyuk T. , Dronyk І.
Published: October 2022

Caries remains an important dental problem in childhood. The resistance of teeth to caries is due to the resistance of the enamel, the formation of which depends on a signiﬁ cant number of general and local factors.The aim of the research. Study of acid resistance of enamel in children of diﬀ erent ages and with diﬀ erent dental status.Material and methods. We surveyed 134 children aged 7-9 years and 89 children aged 10-12 years who study in schools in Poltava. Dental examination was performed according to the generally accepted method. In all children, the intensity of caries. To determine the resistance of tooth enamel to caries used the test of enamel resistance according to Okushko VR, Kosareva LI.Results. The average enamel resistance test in children 7-9 years is 4.07±0.11 points. During the division of children into groups with and without caries, signiﬁ cant diﬀ erences were found (4.67±0.10 points and 2.59±0.09 points, respectively).In children aged 10-12 years, the average enamel resistance test is 4.29 ± 0.12 points, which corresponds to moderate enamel resistance. In children with caries of temporary and permanent teeth, it is also moderate (4.67±0.09 points), but the numerical values are slightly worse than average. In children 10-11 years with caries of temporary teeth, the enamel resistance test index is almost no diﬀ erent from that of children with intact temporary teeth. We found that the rate of caries of temporary and permanent teeth has a direct correlation with the test of enamel resistance (R=0.76; p<0.001).Conclusions. The course of caries in children 7-12 years is due to reduced resistance of teeth to caries, as evidenced by the results of the study of acid resistance of enamel on the test of enamel resistance.
MICROBIOCENOSIS STATE SPECIALTIES OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS IN HYPERPLASTIC ENDOMETRIAL PROCESSES
Authors: Voloshynovych N. , Pryimak S.
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, endometrial hyperplastic processes are the most common structural abnormalities of the uterine mucosa among those that are found in unexplained infertility. Epidemiological studies of infertile marriages show that among the causes of generative dysfunction in women pathological changes in the endometrium occur in half of the examined patients.The state of microecological parameters of the vaginal biotope in 60 women with polyps of the uterus (PTU) and 60 women with polyp-like endometrial hyperplasia (PLEH) was examined.In this study, microscopy of vaginal smears was performed, which microbiocenosis state was assessed by the following features: the presence of leukocyte reaction, the nature of the epithelium, qualitative and quantitative composition of the vaginal microﬂ ora. Patients’ microﬂ ora was characterized by homogeneity of composition (only lactobacilli were dominant), the number of leukocytes did not exceed 10 in the ﬁ eld of view, and the epithelium was represented by cells of the superﬁ cial and intermediate layers.In a signiﬁ cant number of women with PTU during the study it was found that vaginal microbiocenosis state was associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Deﬁ ciency of lactoﬂ ora with the titer of Lactobacillusspp lower than 106 CFU / ml was observed in the group of women with PLEH signiﬁ cantly more often than in the group of PTU and control group.Deviations from the normative pH values of 3.5-4.5 appeared in every seventh with PTU and in every second patient with PLEH.Thus, in the course of a comprehensive microbiological study it was found that PTU and PLEH – a pathology that exists against the background of vaginal dysbiotic disorders.
VARIANT OF FETAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE JUGULAR VEINS
Authors: Khmara T. , Slobodian O. , Khmara А.
Published: October 2022

An atypical case of the topography of the left external jugular vein and some extracranial tributaries of the left internal jugular vein in a 7-month-old human fetus is presented. The left external jugular vein is formed by two tributaries: the anterior (submandibular vein) and the posterior (posterior auricular vein), it ﬂ ows into the left subclavian vein. The conﬂ uence of the left lateral saphenous vein into the left external jugular vein, the absence of the left anterior jugular and occipital veins, and the absence of the anastomosis of the mandibular and the deep facial vein were found. The described case of the fetal topography of the left jugular veins will be of interest to both morphologists and fetal surgeons.
VARIANTS OF CLINICAL COURSE OF OSTEOMA OF THE FRONTAL SINUS WITH PRONOUNCED NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: Plaksyvy O. , Kalutsky І. , Chifurko T. , Mazur O.
Published: October 2022

Osteoma is a relatively rare disease, their formation is slow and usually painless. The majority of patients are males between the ages of 11 and 30, although they occur in both women and older adults. The peculiarity of this observation is the localization of a large osteoma of the frontal sinus on the posterior wall with intense pressure on it with pronounced neurological manifestations and the absence of rhinological and orbital symptoms.
CURRENT INFORMATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF SMALL BONES OF THE FACIAL DIVISION OF THE SKULL
Authors: Dundiuk- Berezina S.
Published: October 2022

The development of the cranial vault bone system is ensured by the sequential development and displacement of various rudiments, which merge, spread and take an indirect part in the formation of the face. The analysis of modern scientiﬁ c literature allows us to come to the conclusion that, despite a number of scientiﬁ c works in human anatomy, the morphogenesis of small bones of the facial skull remains an actual direction of modern medicine. As you know, the small bones of the facial skull include the lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, palatine bones, the lower nasal concha, which are paired, and the unpaired – the scapula and hyoid bone. Primary ossiﬁ cation of the lacrimal bone appears in the third month of fetal development. Among the anomalies of the nasal conchas, pneumatization, agenesis, and their doubling are quite often detected. The ossiﬁ cation of the ploughshare develops from two connective tissue plates, which fuse together in the process of ossiﬁ cation (beginning in the third month of embryogenesis). Ossiﬁ cation of the nasal bone is determined from one point of ossiﬁ cation, which appears in the third month of embryogenesis. The zygomatic bone undergoes the connective tissue and bone stages of development, the ossiﬁ cation of the nucleus appears in the 8th week of intrauterine development. For a long time, the hyoid bone has been the object of anatomical discussions regarding the peculiarities of its embryonic origin, variants of its structure, position and function. Conclusion. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be stated that in the scientiﬁ c literature there are isolated data on the development and formation of the small bones structure in the perinatal period of ontogenesis of the facial skull. Currently there are no comprehensive studies on the density of bone tissue, morphometric characteristics and correlative relationships of the small bones of the facial skull with the parameters of the face and skull as a whole during the fetal and early neonatal periods of ontogenesis. Last is the basis for determining the morphological prerequisites for the appearance of variants of the facial structure and its congenital defects and determine the need for further anatomical study.
Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination in the Sri Lankan Context: A structural equation model approach
Authors: Rifath Ahamed , Jemziya Fathima
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The intention on vaccination of COVID-19 is influenced by demographic and psychological factors. An understanding of the factors that influence the intention of COVID-19 vaccination is important to achieve the successful vaccination programs.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the critical factors affecting the intention of COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka.
Methodology: An online questionnaire was implemented amongst Sri Lankans to acquire the primary data. The questionnaire assessed the social demographic features, vaccination details, perception and intention about the vaccination, social norm, media exposure, and trust towards vaccines. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the demographic characters and vaccination details. The structural equation model was used to analyse the relationship between the intention of COVID-19 vaccination and other relevant factors.
Results: The results showed that the perception of vaccine, social norms and trust were significantly related with people’s intention towards vaccination, whereas media exposure showed an insignificant relationship with the intention towards vaccination. Meanwhile, perception about vaccine and media exposure had significant relationships between trust of the vaccines.
Conclusion: It was conclusive that the intention of the COVID-19 vaccination was greatly influenced by the perception of vaccine, social norms and trust besides media exposure, which had an indirect effect on intention towards vaccination of COVID-19.
NIGERIA: MANAGING INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN EBIRALAND, KOGI STATE
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Lokoja,Kogi State, Nigeria, JOSHUA Segun , AJAYI Rotimi ,   Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Lokoja,Kogi State, Nigeria
Published: October 2022

It is incontrovertible that mono-causal analysis of conflict is no longer tenable, as conflict is caused by a confluence of factors. Over the years, intra-ethnic conflict in Ebiraland has attracted scholarly works. However, amid the myriad of variables accentuating conflict in Ebiraland, clan politics seems to be dominant but the intensity of the conflict has reduced since Governor Yahaya Bello’s administration in Kogi state in 2015. Hence the relative peace in an area hitherto embroiled with hostilities. Anchored on conflict management theory, with reliance on primary and secondary data sources, the study attempts to answer the following questions: What was the state of the conflict in Ebiraland before the Yahaya Bello’s regime? What conflict resolution mechanisms did the Governor deploy to achieve the relative peace in that part of the state? What measures should be in place towards sustaining the prevailing peaceful atmosphere in the area even at the expiration of the tenure of the curent administration? These, among other issues,constitute the theme of this study. Keywords: Intra-ethnic conflict, clan politics, Ebiraland, Kogi State, Nigeria
ETHIOPIA: CHALO – INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM OF YEM PEOPLE AND ITS IMPLICATION ON PEACE, SECURITY, AND GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Department of Governance and Development Studies, Mizan-Tepi University: Ethiopia, NIGATU Yitagesu Bekele , JOBIR Birtuneh Degife ,   Department of Governance and Development Studies, Mizan-Tepi University: Ethiopia
Published: October 2022

In Ethiopia, many ethnic groups have developed their own conflict resolution mechanisms. The ethnic group of Yem in south-western Ethiopia is one of those with its own conflict resolution mechanism (the Chalo judicial system). The objective of the study was exploring the practice through which the studied community deals with conflicts by using the Chalo judicial system and its implication for peace, security and good governance. A qualitative research design was employed under which, key informants’ interviews, focus group discussion, document analysis and observations were conducted and the data was analyzed qualitatively. The finding of the study revealed that, the Chalo judicial system plays an important role in maintaining the peace and security of the community. The Chalo judicial system has its own execution time, process, and actors involved. Theft and betrayal, inheritance, boundary conflict, and divorce are some of the sorts of conflict that are presented and handled in the Chalo judiciary. Besides, the study revealed that, while it is used to resolve a wide range of conflicts on the ground, it is not adequately recognized by national law and lacks a strong link with the formal court system. Therefore, this research recommend that the members of the community, the woreda culture and tourism office, higher educational institutions, and the government shall collaborate in order to conserve and pass on this sort of indigenous conflict resolution mechanism which upholds community peace and security to future generations. Keywords: Chalo, elders, indigenous conflict resolution, governance, peace, security.
YEMEN: ROLES AND IMPACT OF LOCAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS
Authors:   Department of Studies & Research in Political Science, Kuvempu University, India, AL-TAMIMI Adeb Abdulelah Abdulwahid , VENKATESHA Uddagatti ,   Department of Studies & Research in Political Science, Kuvempu University, India
Published: October 2022

The Yemeni conflict is complicated due to the numerous internal crises and disputes in the country. In addition, the external correlations and their linkages to the internal actors have increased the intensity of the conflict. There is a need to identify these internal and external actors and analyze their role, impact, strengths, and weaknesses. This study identifies the internal and external actors of the conflict in Yemen, then examines their roles and impact and shows that the conflict resulted from internal conflicts between local actors and took on different dimensions through regional and international interventions. The political, ideological, and self-interest differences are the causes of the disunity among the elites and the political and military forces, and in turn, they led to the exacerbation of the conflict and the negative role in peacemaking. Keywords: Houthi; Legitimacy; Southern Movement; Tribal; Yemen Conflict.
Godless Conscience
Authors: O'Shea Tom
Published: October 2022

John Cottingham suggests that “only a traditional theistic framework may be adequate for doing justice to the role of conscience in our lives.” Two main reasons for endorsing this claim are assessed: the religious origins of conscience, and the need to explain its normative authority. I argue that Graeco-Roman conceptions of conscience cast doubt on this first historical claim, and that secular moral realisms can account for the obligatoriness of conscience. Nevertheless, the recognition of the need for an objective foundation for conscience which emerges from these debates should be embraced by both secular and religious ethicists alike.
Intentionality and transcendence as core components of the spiritual-religious experience
Authors: Gargiulo Teresa
Published: October 2022

Abstract: In psycho-clinical research the notion of spirituality acquires a semantic plurality. This equivocal and ambiguous connotation that characterizes this term represents an obstacle to the epistemic and methodological validity of research designs, recognized as the threat to construct validity. In order to overcome this difficulty, we introduce, from Dietrich von Hildebrand's phenomenology, the notions of intentionality and transcendence insofar as these are capable of accounting for the specific element of the spiritual-religious phenomenon and discriminating it from the other phenomena or variables that may be included under the notion of spirituality. This conceptual elucidation task allows evaluating the legitimacy of the variable selection process and establishing why they are or are not representatives of the phenomenon of spiritual-religious experience.
Test and Evaluation of the Factors Affecting on the Freshly Harvested Peanut Threshing Machine Performance
Authors: Abdi Jafar , Golmohammadi Abdollah , Shahgholi Gholamhossein , Fanaei Adel Rezvanivand , Szymanek Mariusz , Tanas Wojciech
Published: October 2022

Peanut is an important produce in the global food chain because of their high-quality oil and protein content. Due to the significant value of its production in Iran, a threshing machine was developed for high-quality harvesting, to reduce harvesting costs and labor effort. In the course of a number of field experiments to evaluate the performance of the machine, the rotational speed of the thresher was adopted at three levels of 150, 200, and 300 rpm. Other experimental factors included the distance of the concave from the thresher (2, 6, and 8 cm) and the product feeding rate of 750, 850, and 950 kg·h−1. Regarding the measurements, the threshing efficiency, the separation rate, and the percentage of the crushed product were calculated and evaluated. The results revealed that as the rotational speed of the thresher, the increment feeding rate of the product and the distance between the thresher and the concave grate increased, the thresher efficiency decreased. The maximum threshing efficiency of 95% was obtained at a rotational speed of 150 rpm and a distance of 2 cm. Also, with increasing the rotational speed of 300 rpm and a distance of 8 cm, the threshing efficiency decreased to 75%. The separation rate decreased intensely as the distance between the thresher and the concave increased. In addition, the separation rate decreases with increasing rotational speed of the thresher. At a rotational speed of 150 rpm and a distance of 2 cm, the separation rate was 96%, but the separation rate decreased to 76% as rotational speed increased to 300 rpm and distance increased to 8 cm. With increasing rotational speed and feeding rate, the percentage of crushed pods increased. The maximum of 16% was obtained at a rotational speed of 300 rpm, a feeding rate of 950 kg·h−1 and a distance of 2 cm.
Selection of the Heat Transfer Coefficient Using Swarming Algorithms
Authors: Gawrońska Elżbieta , Dyja Robert , Zych Maria , Domek Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

The article presents the use of swarming algorithms in selecting the heat transfer coefficient, taking into account the boundary condition of the IV types. Numerical calculations were made using the proprietary TalyFEM program and classic form of swarming algorithms. A function was also used for the calculations, which, during the calculation, determined the error of the approximate solution and was minimalised using a pair of individually employed algorithms, namely artificial bee colony (ABC) and ant colony optimisation (ACO). The tests were carried out to select the heat transfer coefficient from one range. Describing the geometry for a mesh of 408 fine elements with 214 nodes, the research carried out presents two squares (one on top of the other) separated by a heat transfer layer with a κ coefficient. A type III boundary condition was established on the right and left of both edges. The upper and lower edges were isolated, and a type IV boundary condition with imperfect contact was established between the squares. Calculations were made for ABC and ACO, respectively, for populations equal to 20, 40 and 60 individuals and 2, 6 and 12 iterations. In addition, in each case, 0%, 1%, 2% and 5% noise of the reference values were also considered. The obtained results are satisfactory and very close to the reference values of the κ parameter. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to reconstruct the IV type boundary condition value during heat conduction modelling.
Global Warming Potential Considerations for Gaseous Sf6 Alternatives Along the Switchgear Lifetime
Authors: Ye Xiangyang , Mantilla Javier D.
Published: October 2022

Next-generation environmentally friendly switchgear will not use SF6. Currently, all of the main manufacturers in the world are developing products using alternatives based on CO2 as a background gas. The use of FluoroNitriles, 3M™ Novec™ 4710, C4F7N (C4FN) is addressed by different producers under different trademark names. In most cases, Oxygen is added for health and/or functional reasons. In terms of potential climate impact, considering only the GWP of the single gas mixture components is insufficient. In order to better evaluate and understand the advantages the different alternatives offer in comparison to SF6, the GWP calculations of the gas mixtures over a defined timeframe are much more complete. Additionally, not only the GWP of the gas mixtures in new condition is to be considered, but also their evolution through the switchgear lifetime. Arcing, created in all switching and interrupting test duties of HVCB will cause reversible and irreversible chemical reactions that produce new compounds with different dielectric, arc quenching, and environmental properties as the original molecule. Based on thermodynamic calculations, CFD simulations, and gas analysis of samples of alternatives that have been subjected to arcing, this work studies the effect the byproducts of the different mixtures have in terms of climate impact, dielectrics, and arc quenching. This paper offers different scenarios of electrical and gas degradation, from very uncommon events e.g., T100s to very common ones e.g., switching of nominal and/or capacitive currents. The influence of the always evolving gas mixtures along the lifetime of the equipment is evaluated and compared in terms of performance and the climate impact.
Analysis and Tests of the Impact of Permanent Magnets on Current Interruption in a Medium Voltage Rotary Load Break Switch
Authors: Delić Sead , Smajkić Amer , Dullni Edgar , Santamaria Sergio , Uzelac Nenad , Kapetanović Mirsad
Published: October 2022

The breaking capacity of a medium voltage (MV) rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS) can be improved by incorporating permanent magnets into the stationary contacts. The magnetic field is intended to blow the switching arc root towards a recessed space at the stationary contacts thereby preventing reignition of the arc after current zero. Making and breaking tests of load current 630 A were performed comparing the switching performance of load break switches equipped without a permanent magnet, with a ferrite and with a neodymium magnet. The impact of different polarity arrangements of the magnets in the three phases is also considered and analysed. In order to understand the arc behaviour caused by the effect of permanent magnet, arcing times and arc voltage were measured and evaluated. The results show that the arc voltage depends on the direction of the electromagnetic force, which is determined by the phase current direction but also by the polarity of the magnets. When the force is directed towards the recessed space at the stationary contacts, the arc voltage is notably higher than in the case where the arc is blown in the opposite direction. The higher arc voltage is a reliable indication that the length of the arc is increased, which significantly reduces the risk of both thermal and dielectric breakdowns after the first current zero. The consequences are noticed first in the reduction of the number of missed current zeroes and second in shorter minimum arcing times. An adverse arrangement of the magnet polarity in the three phases increases the number of missed current zeroes.
Economic Development Model and Effective Path of Green Industry
Authors: Tian Wen , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2022

Major crises such as greenhouse effect and resource depletion remind people that environmental protection is imminent. However, the economic growth is always accompanied by the destruction of the environment, so the development of green industry economy is very necessary for the balance between the two. However, many of today’s green industry economic development is still in the theoretical stage, and there are no substantive measures. Therefore, this paper aims to build a reasonable development evaluation model for the green industry economy, and use the results of the model to explore the sustainable development of the green industry economy. In view of this, in the stage of proposing the model, this paper refers to a large number of literature and field investigation, and selects 30 suitable evaluation indexes. The experimental results of the green industrial economy in Sichuan Province with the designed model show that the comprehensive evaluation index of green economic development has increased steadily. It reached 0.8255 in 2016, which is in line with the actual situation. This shows that the model in this paper has a good fitting effect, and can provide guidance for the economic development model and effective path of green industry.
Analysis of the Influence of Soil Fertility Factors on High-Yielding Cultivation Techniques
Authors: Li Xiong , Xu Xiaodi , Yang Linxian , Tian Liang , Wang Yining , Hou Jiaqi , Han Yan , Xing Xinwen , Cao Li
Published: October 2022

Soil is the material base of soil fertility. It can not only fix the root system but also provide nutrients, water, and other necessary conditions for crops to promote growth of crops. As a characteristic agricultural product in the Yanbian area, the production of ‘Pingguoli’ is related to the development of the agricultural economy in the Yanbian area. To solve the agricultural problems caused by excessive fertilisation in ‘Pingguoli’ orchards in the Yanbian area and to study the correlation between rare elements and soil properties. Based on the collection of regional natural economic background and soil data in the study area, four treatments were set up: The soil and ‘Pingguoli’ samples were collected, and the total amount of rare earth elements in the soil samples and the related indexes of ‘Pingguoli’ fruit were detected. Soil is the material basis of soil fertility, and soil management determines crop growth. CF1 treatment could increase ‘Pingguoli’ yield and significantly improve fruit quality. The rate of fruit softening and bad fruit decreased significantly after storage. Reduction of fertilisation can improve quality and save cost, among which CF1 has the best effect and can obtain more benefits when applied in production. Implications: Through experiments, agricultural workers can be more deeply aware of the importance of soil to crops; reducing fertilisation can lead to better crop yield and quality while achieving greater benefits, and consumers can get healthier food.
Reproductive phenology of the spider Micrommata ligurina (C.L. Koch, 1845) (Araneae; Sparassidae) across an elevational gradient in Northeast Algeria
Authors: Bensouilah Soufyane , Bensakhri Zinette , Zebsa Rabah , Amari Hichem , Youcefi Abdeldjalil , Zouaimia Abdelheq , Mahdjoub Hayet , Chorfi Amira , Atoussi Sadek , Sadine Salah Eddine , Houhamdi Moussa
Published: October 2022

Decreased ambient temperature and shorter reproductive seasons are the two main obstacles that ectotherms face at higher elevations. Studies have shown that some life history traits such as phenological windows of activity, duration, and fitness components vary as elevation increases. However, studies on the elevational gradient at the southern range limit of species are lacking. In this study, we aim at assessing some aspects of the life history of a spider species, the sprassid Micrommata ligurina (C.L. Koch, 1845), across an elevational gradient from 30 to 1030 m in Northeast Algeria. There was strong evidence of an elevational shift in the phenology of reproduction with a delay rate of 2.2 days per 100 m of elevation, and the three quantiles of the phenology (10, 50, and 90%) shifted with the same magnitude across elevation. In all sites from low to high elevation, the species showed a decrease in number of individuals. The mean number of eggs was 200 ± 35 eggs, and the mean number of hatching eggs was 110.9 ± 23.5 eggs. The clutch size at high elevation sites was higher than that of low-elevation sites, but in contrast, the hatching success was higher at lower elevation sites. Overall, the species exhibited clear elevational clines in life history traits and abundance, suggesting a high potential of plasticity. This work constitutes the first study carried out on spider species ecology in the region.