bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated E-Line Milling in Slimhole Well
Authors: Akkarachalanont P. , Tangkiatirat C. , Konglumthan K.
Published: August 2024

The first time with an automated electric-line (E-line) milling has been deployed in 2-7/8" tubing which is called "Slimhole well", for scale removal in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT). This paper highlights on operation consideration that made a step change of scale removal in 2-7/8" tubing commingles well.

Automated E-line milling is robotic tool string assembly, automatically controls tractor force with intercommunication between milling cartridge and tractor, embedded with control algorithms. Automatic control system improves torque-on-bit by minimize margin of torque spikes and it reduces occurrence of motor stalls with having automatic tractor backing-off feature – reversing bit rotation and commanding tractor to move upward. Tool string has temperature limit at 350-degree F.

Standard Slimhole well of Chevron Thailand is 3-string commingle well design with cemented tubing and normally run with 2-7/8" tubing. Challenge of production in 2-7/8" tubing is scale built up after production for a while and restrict flow at perforated hole at pay sand and finally, the scale develops to be full bore restriction of production below. To remove wellbore restriction, slickline or wireline cleanout is primary method with success rate in between 19-33%. If the remaining reserve value below restriction is economic for coil tubing clean out, then those wells will be scheduled and cleaned out by coil tubing unit (CTU). In addition, high temperature is another challenge in GOT for tool string design and selection.

In 2023, Chevron Thailand has trial E-line milling to clear scale for 5 wells in gas field, resulting to total of 935 ft length of scale milled and cleared. We have experienced challenges of high temperature (maximum wellbore temperature at 378-degree F), cross flow, and cutting handling. "Quenching technique" by pumping seawater is implemented to mitigating high temperature. However, clearance between tool string and tubing I.D. is limitation of quenching effectiveness and causes of high tension regarding to crossflow between pay sands. Challenge of cutting handling occurs when milling full bore scale or milling scale at bottommost perforated pay sand. This lesson learning will be considered when well candidate selection in new campaign.
Integrated Engineering Approach Towards Re-Purposing Existing Wells in Peninsular Malaysia Asset for CCS in Depleted Reservoir
Authors: Pathy Kuhanesapathy Thavaras , Thiam Yap Yun , Zhi Chew Siang , Azhar Abdullah Farhan Aiman
Published: August 2024

Recent developments in the oilfield in achieving Net Zero Carbon Emissions (NZCE) has led to the evolution of Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) as one of the most practical and feasible solutions. CCS is a vital technology, aimed at mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE) by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, transporting them to suitable storage sites, and securely storing them underground. In Malaysia, CCS holds significant promise as a key solution in the country's efforts to address climate change while supporting sustainable development. However, to transport and store CO2 safely, multiple predominant options of offshore storage sites in Malaysia will have to be assessed for suitability. Hence, there is a requirement to accelerate the adoption of an integrated engineering assessment to evaluate and develop potential fields, be it depleted or saline aquifer, for the purpose of CCS. Wells play a key role in a CCS field assessment as either potential leak paths or new/existing conduits to inject and safely contain CO2 into the identified fields.

This paper discusses the approach undertaken by PETRONAS Wells in assessing the first Peninsular Malaysia asset considered for CCS with a depleted reservoir in place. The paper outlines the key strategies and considerations undertaken from both an engineering and operational standpoint to mature the CCS field. Continuous improvement and institutionalization were achieved through the understanding of coherence between process, tools, and people development to ensure consistency. This resulted in overall cost savings for the economics of inherent and foreign CO2 injection within the organization. The wells were assessed by pre-defined technical and operational criteria and risk assessed for re-purposing. The paper details the outcomes of this assessment. An overall PETRONAS Wells CCS framework was also developed to enhance the well engineering assurance process and deliver feasible storage development plans in accordance to well integrity resulting in storage maturation throughout Malaysia.
Experimental Study on Sealing Behavior of Plugging Slurry in Large-Scaled Vertical Fracture Coupled Wellbore System
Authors: Xie Zhichao , Kang Yili , Lin Chong , Xu Chengyuan , Zhang Jingyi , You Lijun
Published: August 2024

The simulation of the process of plugging slurry sealing fractures through indoor experimental methods presents a convenient and efficient approach for the selection and design of lost circulation materials (LCMs). Nevertheless, prevalent plugging experimental apparatuses exhibit limitations, including a small fracture plate scale and reduced reproducibility. To address the limitations of the currently utilized plugging experimental devices, a wellbore-fracture coupled plugging experimental device is employed to simulate the operational process of wellbore plugging slurry injection. A large-scale visualized fracture plate, fabricated from plexiglass and based on the geometric parameters of formation fractures, is processed. Laser etching technology is utilized to replicate the undulating characteristics of the fracture wall. A sequence of sealing evaluation experiments was conducted, employing commonly used well field materials, including calcite, walnut shell, and flake LCMs. The findings indicate that: (1) The selection of the particle size of the bridging material, based on the D90 bridging principle, employs the particle size selection principle of 0.6Wf for irregularly shaped LCMs, and 1.6Wf for flake LCMs; (2) Under the influence of viscous resistance, the denser bridging material experiences a faster loss of kinetic energy within the fracture, resulting in a co-existing "retention" and "residence" sealing mode; (3) When the length of the fiber material exceeds the particle size of the bridging material, it alters the geometric size by enveloping the bridging material, thereby increasing its "residence" probability and enhancing the interception capability of the bridging material; (4) The study provides a detailed depiction of the settlement and migration behavior of irregular LCMs, uncovers the auxiliary bridging mechanism of fiber LCMs within the fractures, integrates the mouth sealing and sealing effect of LCMs, proposes four evaluation indicators of mouth sealing degree , mouth sealing time, sealing efficiency, and sealing strength, elucidates the negative effect rating of mouth sealing, and establishes the absolute bridging addition map version considering the presence of fiber in the bridging material.
Optimizing Complex Live Gas Well Fishing: Real-Time Wellbore Diagnostics Combining Coiled Tubing Hybrid Cable and Flow-Thru Downhole Camera Technologies
Authors: Afsal A. M. , Stepanov V. , Villagrana L. C. , Delaune J. , Beluco S. D. , Le Maitre S. , Ims T.
Published: August 2024

This work introduces an innovative Flow-Thru downhole camera solution that utilizes a hybrid electro-optical cable integrated within Coiled Tubing (CT) strings. This technology enables a wide range of downhole intervention and remedial operations while providing real-time footage in high resolution. The paper also includes a case study that highlights the successful application of this camera system during a complex live gas well fishing operation.

This advanced downhole camera solution, developed for robust deployment via CT, incorporates a single Hemispherical lens located at the tip of the tool string, offering a 360° field of view to allow comprehensive diagnostics. The design also includes a "Coil Sleeve" or "flow-by housing", allowing the passage of pumped fluids over the camera's electronics and enabling flow exit around the camera dome. This unique feature not only ensures the lens remains clear of debris and wellbore contaminants but also provides active electronics cooling, enhancing performance in challenging downhole conditions. The ‘pump-thru’ capability opens opportunities to seamlessly combine routine CT pumping and well displacement operations with camera diagnostics, delivering substantial time and cost savings to operators. Moreover, the clamp-on style centralizers integrated into the camera housing serve to centralize the captured images and facilitate navigation through wellhead, tubing hangup points and tubing transitions.

The camera technology was instrumental in a demanding operation to recover wireline cable and remove a bottom hole assembly in a live gas well. Extensive preparations over several months, besides planning on paper, included integration tests and yard trials. These preparations culminated in successful diagnostic runs, which encompassed inspecting the integrity and operation of the subsurface safety valve, examining top-of-liner features for BHA hang-up points, and assessing the top of the fish. High-definition pictures and videos were captured for all these critical features. During the diagnostic runs, the camera allowed to unveil changes in casing geometry through LED light reflection analysis. This finding guided the decision to adjust the BHA configuration, resulting in successful progression in wire removal and fish displacement to the rathole. The operation also required a custom long-range telemetry system for reliable communication over extended hybrid cable lengths exceeding 24,000 FT. The paper highlights two camera lens dome configurations with internal and external LED image lighting, discussing the benefits of each.
Achieving a New Milestone by Drilling 5,300 ft Lateral Footage a Day of Unconventional Well
Authors: Alkhammas M. A. , Alkhaldi Y. H. , Syarawi A. , Rahmani N.
Published: August 2024

An important element to achieve positive returns out of Unconventional fields is optimizing drilling performance to the lowest well delivery durations. One of the main objectives set was matching and exceeding leading field performance of One Mile a Day delivery over the lateral interval which presented many challenges such as drilling through interbedded Carbonate formation, hole cleaning with fast drilling rates, directional control to maintain drilling within narrow target window, and high Bottom Hole Temperature.

The complexity of achieving this objective drove the drilling team to further optimize drilling practices to improve drilling performance beyond what was assumed as technical limit without compromising on operational safety with proper risk assessment. Implemented initiatives included pushing drilling parameters higher than offsets maximum, eliminating sweeps while drilling to maintain good rheology of the mud and then positively impact to drilling rate, set the adequate surface rig limits to avoid reducing performance due to lower limits than technical specifications, minimize flat time to the absolute safe minimum, and certainly good communication among the team (drilling and subsurface team).

Fit for Basin innovative MWD (Measurement While Drilling) technology was used to allow surveys while drilling and avoid non-drilling time related to surveying and that also allowed implementing a completely new connection procedure cutting weight to weight time to 6 minutes average from offsets 12 minutes average. Operating Parameters window was pushed to higher values based on details offsets wells analysis and automated well on well improvement plans. Rig Top Drive torque limit was also increased within safe specifications for the smoothness of drilling operation without limiting drilling performance. Close discussion and cooperation with subsurface team helped in maintaining most of the lateral inside the sweetest spot with minimal geosteering reactions and then reducing the downlinking time, drilling inside sweet spot resulted in avoiding the dense layer which causing low drilling rate and High vibrations. Performance objective was then achieved and exceeded with 11.3% improvement in longer footage drilled per day than previous record leads to higher ROP (Rate of Penetration) as well.

Achieving drilling performance of One Mile a Day was almost concluded to be impossible with our field constraints after many wells and an aggressive learning curve. However, it was successfully delivered on our subject well and proved one more time that Technical Limit is a false concept; a stern yet optimistic mindset is needed to accept that there is always room for improvement.
Wellbore Integrity and Drilling Risk Evaluation During Depressurization in Gas Hydrate-Bearing Reservoir (GHBR)
Authors: Wang Y.
Published: August 2024

Wellbore integrity in gas hydrate-bearing formations is an important issue during drilling and production. Excessive pore pressure increase and formation strength reduction may occur during a wellbore a depressurization, the most popular and economic approach for hydrate production. Dynamic thermally induced hydraulic-mechanical (HM) effects may be triggered due to the solid hydrate decompositional process once the supercritical pressure is exceeded, despite an isothermal operation condition is maintained. A comprehensive model is developed to incorporate the phase change, porosity increase, and formation-weakening due to the hydrate decomposition process triggered once a critical equilibrium pressure or temperature is surpassed during a wellbore depressurization or heating. A thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-decompositional hydrate (THMD) model is proposed and a poro-elastoplastic model is imposed, in which a linear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) criterion is introduced to characterize plastic deformation. The onset of wellbore integrity loss is assumed to occur if an equivalent plastic strain (EPS) exceeds a critical strain measured from experiments. The peak unconfined compression strengths (UCS), depending on the solid hydrate saturation and collected from several GHBR fields in the world, is assumed to dictate the critical EPS. The onset of wellbore collapse are calculated theoretically and validated by experimental hollow cylinder tests subject to isothermal condition. The critical wellbore pressure and temperature are calculated, the solid hydration saturation effects on formation cohesion, the onset and applications of wellbore integrity risk during wellbore depressurization are highlighted.
Overcoming Challenges of a Deep, HP-Ultra HT and High Contaminants Carbonate Well: Pioneering Well Design of the Largest HPHT Gas Field Development in Malaysia
Authors: Ong G. S. H. , Ho A. , Udin R. , Chan L. , Chia B. S. , Vattanapornpirom K. , Yunus M. Y. , Hamdan M. K. , Siriwattanakajorn W. , Chaiyo P. , Saengsrichun M. , Mason J. H.
Published: August 2024

High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) wells are typically associated with high complexity, technically challenging, long duration, high risk and high Non-Productive Time (NPT) as many things could go wrong especially when any of the critical nitty-gritty details are overlooked. In this particular project, the complexity and risk are amplified due to possible losses in carbonate reservoir, high level of CO2 and H2S contaminants with elevated bottom hole pressure requiring high mud weight in excess of 17 ppg.

A challenging contingency Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) program needs to be deeply scrutinized to handle high water-based "Light Annular Mud" (LAM) density of above 16 ppg during monsoon season in an offshore environment. In addition to that, due to the requirement for proper casing shoe placement to cater for a deep and high pressure well, long interval of under-reaming across interbedded formation with hard stringers is another challenge that needs to be overcome.

The above sums up the challenges an operator had to manage in a final HPHT carbonate appraisal well in Central Luconia area, off the coast of Sarawak before the forthcoming development campaign. The result is imperative to fine-tune the engineering design to achieve the most optimized operation in the multiple well drilling campaign where significant cost saving is expected. With the completion of this well, it continued to push the historical envelope of such well category where it sets a record as the deepest and hottest carbonate HPHT well with high level of contaminants to be drilled in the region, and possibly globally.

This last appraisal well (Well X) took more than 4 months to drill of more than 4000m of interval, covering 5-hole sections followed by well test which was carried out in a safe and efficient manner.

With the seamless support from host authority, Joint Venture partners and all contractors, the well was successfully delivered.

This paper will share the experience of the entire cycle from pre-job engineering/planning, execution and gathers key lesson learnt for future exploitations in similar environments.
Casing (Tubular) Runnability Indicator While Drilling With Real Time Drilling Data
Authors: Samuel Robello , Kumar Kiran , Nakhle Amol
Published: August 2024

In drilling operations, the quality of the borehole used for casing installation significantly influences the overall smoothness of the drilling process, connecting the geometric aspects of the wellbore with the mechanical system employed. Complex equations, grounded in practical knowledge and real-time drilling parameters, offer a feasible approach to assess the suitability of a given borehole for casing installation in a specific hole size. Key factors such as wellbore tortuosity, borehole torsion, wellprofile energy, casing push-through force, margin of slack-off force, and overpull margin collectively contribute to evaluating the viability of a proposed wellpath for casing installation. The understanding of the expected running conditions during drilling itself will provide opportunities to correct the well conditions rather than running clean out runs or short landing the casing string.

In scenarios requiring casing running in curved trajectories or extending to significant lateral lengths, amalgamating operational insights with trajectory parameters has proven effective in gauging operational risks. This approach leverages both experience and quantitative data to estimate the feasibility of casing installation. Moreover, this study delves into the dynamic adjustments of runnability metrics in response to real-time drilling conditions and survey data, enhancing the accuracy of operational assessments.

Furthermore, this study extends beyond casing runnability assessments to explore the predictive capabilities of these metrics. By leveraging runnability measurements, operators can anticipate and address various challenges, including intricate stimulation tasks, optimizing artificial lift operations, and identifying potential issues with well servicing. These challenges often stem from undesirable borehole characteristics such as curvature, torsion, and drift, highlighting the multifaceted utility of runnability metrics in optimizing drilling operations and ensuring well integrity.
Operational Excellence in Deep Shale Gas Basins Through Business Analytics Tool
Authors: Chen Lu , Yan Juntao , Liu Jie , Li Wei , Qi Peng , Liang Yanchao , Tian Peng , Yang Bo , Baojian Hao , Yan Yu , Xu Ziyuan , Liu Bingqi , Wu Bohong , Yang Zhigang
Published: August 2024

In the pursuit of improved drilling performance, oil and gas companies are turning to data analytics as an asset. This paper presents an exemplary case of employing a business intelligence (BI) tool to analyze drilling data within deep shale gas blocks in Sichuan and Chongqing, China. By leveraging the capabilities of the BI tool, operational decisions were enhanced through the generation of visual reports. The analysis focused on a comprehensive database housing extensive historical drilling data, allowing for a deeper understanding of drilling performance and the prediction of average operations performance in the region.

To review well performance, identify hazards, and optimize drilling systems during the planning phase, a historical drilling database is created using bottomhole assembly run data. This database is then analyzed using a business intelligence (BI) tool. The BI tool enables the display of the drilling database in an interactive manner, providing valuable insights into drilling performance in the area. Key information such as the top performing drill bit, drilling system, downhole mud motor configuration, and estimated drilling time for the target section can be easily accessed. This empowers engineers to identify the most promising wells and potential drilling hazards in offset wells. By evaluating well details and recognizing best drilling practices, engineers can optimize drilling performance and mitigate downhole incidents.

The utilization of a BI tool significantly reduces data mining time and provides a fast and efficient method for gaining valuable technical insights into drilling operations. Through descriptive analytics, the tool simplifies complex data sets, enabling the identification of patterns that contribute to a deeper understanding of the data. This visualization of results allows experts to focus on data diagnostics analytics, offering suggestions for improvements and corrections in drilling operations.

Moreover, the analytical data generated can serve as input for more advanced predictive analytics, enabling the forecasting of drilling performance in real time. Additionally, prescriptive analytics facilitates drilling optimization by delivering real-time insights, empowering stakeholders to make informed and improved business decisions. By leveraging the power of BI tools, companies can streamline their operations, enhance efficiency, and drive continuous improvement in the oil and gas industry.
The Role of Patient-Centered Communication in Minority Health Competence and Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Aidoo Ebenezer Ato Kwamena , Wood Sandra Freda , Issaka Barikisu
Published: August 2024

Background
This study focused on the interaction between patient-centered communication (PCC) and health outcomes, particularly in terms of general health and mental well-being, within minority populations. It introduces a crucial mediator, the health competence of the minority population, which holds special relevance for these communities. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge deficit by investigating how various PCC functions influence overall and mental health reporting in the minority population.
Methods
This study used secondary data from four iterations spanning from 2011 to 2022 (HINTS 4 Cycle 1-2011, HINTS 5 Cycle 1-2017, HINTS 5 Cycle 4-2020, HINTS 6 Cycle 1-2022) with a sample size of n = 5501, focusing exclusively on individuals from minority racial backgrounds. The study used ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regressions to investigate how different PCC functions and sociodemographic factors affect general health, health competence, and mental health within these populations.
Results
The present study revealed that PCC has varying impacts on the reporting of general and mental health within minority populations. Although we observed positive associations, they were not consistent across all the patients. In certain years, specific PCC dimensions demonstrated significant relationships with mental health, emphasizing their influence on mental well-being. Health competence emerged as a crucial mediator between PCC and health outcomes, particularly in terms of general health.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between PCC and health competence and health outcomes among minority populations. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored healthcare approaches for minority populations, recognizing the multifaceted nature of healthcare interactions.
First-time Usage of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Fasting Ramadan: Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Abodahab Alshimaa , Khalil Hany , Abdelal Sara , El-Rawy Ahmed , Abodahab Alshimaa
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Ramadan fasting claims a necessary role in management of diabetes. Many people with type 2 diabetes insist on fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, which represents a challenge to their physicians to provide balance between preventing hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis and good control of hyperglycemia with its short- and long-term complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a glucose-lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes which are generally well tolerated but may carry the risk of dehydration and hypoglycemia particularly during the long fasting hours. The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the use of SGLT2i for the first-time during Ramadan fasting. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 61 Egyptian Muslim patients, aged ≥ 18 years old, both sexes, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prepared to fast during Ramadan and treated with SGLT2i for the first time as a supplementary to metformin or another oral hypoglycemic drug. The dose of SGLT2i started after Iftar time. During and Six weeks after Ramadan, evaluations were conducted. Results: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and creatinine were significantly lower after Ramadan than at the beginning of Ramadan. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly higher after Ramadan than at the beginning of Ramadan. Hypoglycemia, dehydration, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) did not occur in any patient. There was a significant negative correlation between age and HbA1c (r=-0.267, P = 0.037) and eGFR (r =-0.684, P < 0.001) after Ramadan while there was no correlation between the duration of DM and HbA1c before and after Ramadan. HbA1c was significantly lower after Ramadan than during Ramadan in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension (HTN), peripheral neuropathy (PN), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: SGLT2i is effective and safe during Ramadan fasting with a significant reduction in HBA1c, blood pressure, and creatinine and a significant elevation of eGFR. Trial registration Clinical Trials giv ID: NCT06370247
Correlation of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Sites Between Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Targeted and Systematic Biopsy, and Whole-mount Pathology: Implications for Optimal Prostate Biopsy Strategy
Authors: Pacini Matteo , Zucchi Alessandro , Morganti Riccardo , Dazzi Filippo , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Valenzi Fabio Maria , Fuschi Andrea , Salhi Yazan al , Giannarini Gianluca , Ficarra Vincenzo , Simonato Alchiede , Faviana Pinuccia , Bartoletti Riccardo
Published: August 2024

Data from patients with suspicious lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) and a diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) were collected. The aim was to compare csPCa sites identified through whole-mount pathological analysis (WMA) after RP with PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesions identified on mpMRI, and with csPCa foci detected through targeted-biopsy (TB) or combined targeted + systematic biopsy (TSB). A paired Student's t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to evaluate the agreement between these diagnostic methods. A total of 106 patients were included in the TSB group and 95 in the TB group. The correlation between mpMRI, PB, and WMA was moderate and comparable in both groups. No correlation between PB and WMA was found in the TB group for PI-RADS3 lesions, while a moderate-strong correlation was observed when comparing mpMRI, PB, and WMA for PI-RADS > 3 lesions. About 50% of csPCa sites remained undetected by mpMRI. TSB was able to identify 16.5% more csPCa sites than TB. mpMRI is an accurate method in the diagnosis of PCa, especially for PI-RADS > 3 lesions, although some csPCa sites remained undetected. The use of TSB improved the location agreement between PB and WMA, increasing detection rates up to 79%.
Performance of Chat Gpt on a Turkish Board of Orthopaedi̇c Surgery Examination
Authors: Öner Süleyman Kaan , Ocak Bilgehan , Şahbat Yavuz , Kurnaz Recep Yasin , Çilingir Emre
Published: August 2024

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the success of the Chat GPT according to the Turkish Board of Orthopedic Surgery Examination
Methods
Among the written exam questions prepared by TOTEK between 2021 and 2023, questions asking visual information like that in the literature and canceled questions were not included, and all other questions were taken into consideration. The questions were divided into 19 categories according to topic. Thequestions were divided into 3 categories according to the methods of evaluating information: direct recall of information, ability to comment and ability to use information correctly. Questions were asked separately about theChat GPT 3.5 and 4.0 artificial intelligence applications. All answers given were evaluated appropriately according to this grouping.
Visual questions were not asked to the Chat GPT due to its inability to perceive visual questions. Only questions answered by the application with the correct choice and explanation were accepted as correct answers. Questions that were answered incorrectly by the Chat GPT were considered incorrect.
Results
We eliminated 300 visual questions in total and asked the remaining 265 multiple-choice questions about the Chat GPT. A total of 95 (35%) of 265 questions were answered correctly, and 169 (63%) were answered incorrectly. It was also seen that he could not answer 1 question. The exam success rate was greater for the Chat GPT group than for the control group, especially for the infection questions (67%). The descriptive findings are shown in Table 3, which shows that both artificial intelligence models can be effective at different levels on various issues, but predominantly, GPT 4 performs better.
Conclusion
Our study showed that although the Chat GPT could not reach the level of passing the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Proficiency Exam, it could reach a certain level of accuracy. Software such as the Chat GPT needs to be developed and studied further to be useful for orthopedics and traumatology physicians, where the evaluation of radiological images and physical examination are very important.
Phylloplane as a potential Erwinia psidii inoculum reservoir
Authors: Cortivo Paulo Roberto Dall , Moreira Thainá Fogliatto , Caires Nilmara Pereira , Zarpelon Talyta Galafassi , Soliman Everton Pires , Zauza Edival Ângelo Valverde , Mafia Reginaldo Gonçalves , Lanna-Filho Roberto
Published: August 2024

Erwinia psidii is an airborne and waterborne bacterium that causes eucalyptus bacterial blight, a destructive disease occurring in eucalyptus forests in Brazil. To design assertive and efficient control strategies to reduce or eliminate the incidence of the disease, it is necessary to understand the ability of the plant-pathogenic bacterium to survive in phylloplane conditions. We investigated the survival of E. psidii on the phylloplane of Eucalyptus urophylla (SUZBA1175), E. urophylla (SUZBA1922), E. grandis × E. urophylla (FA6825), Lantana camara, Brachiaria decumbens, Conyza bonariensis, Digitaria insularis, Psidium guajava, and Eugenia uniflora plants. On the phylloplane of eucalyptus genotypes, the survival of the bacterial pathogen varied between 35 and 56 days. On the phylloplane of E. uniflora and P. guajava, E. psidii was recovered for up to 77 and 85 days, respectively. Bacterial cells were recovered for up to 7 days on B. decumbens and D. insularis. On the other hand, on L. camara and C. bonariensis, the bacterium survived for up to 21 days. In this study, we showed that E. psidii can persist as an epiphyte on the leaf surface of eucalyptus genotypes, on plants from the same botanical family as eucalyptus, and on weeds. This brings us the important information that the phylloplane is a putative reservoir for E. psidii and can serve as a primary inoculum source for new infections or contribute to the increase of bacterial blight in eucalyptus forests.
Classification of Coronary Artery Disease Using Radial Artery Pulse Wave Analysis via Machine Learning
Authors: Lyu Yi , Wu Hai-Mei , Yan Hai-Xia , Guo Rui , Xiong Yu-Jie , Chen Rui , Huang Wen-Yue , Hong Jing , Lyu Rong , Wang Yi-Qin , Xu Jin
Published: August 2024

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cardiovascular health threat and the leading cause of death in many countries. The disease has a significant impact in China, where it has become the leading cause of death. There is an urgent need to develop non-invasive, rapid, cost-effective, and reliable techniques for the early detection of CAD using machine learning (ML).
Methods
608 participants were divided into three groups: healthy, hypertensive, and CAD. The raw data of pulse wave from those participants was collected. The data were de-noised, normalized, and analyzed using several applications. Seven ML classifiers were used to model the processed data, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Extra Trees (ET), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM), and Unbiased Boosting with Categorical Features (CatBoost).
Results
The Extra Trees classifier demonstrated the best classification performance. After tunning, the average results were 86.6% accuracy, 91.36% AUC, 86.6% recall, 87.27% precision, 86.58% F1 score, 0.7984 kappa coefficient, and 0.8018 MCC. The macro-average AUC of validation result for independent test set is 94%. The top 10 feature importances of ET model are w/t1, t3/tmax, tmax, t3/t1, As, hf/3, tf/3/tmax, tf/5, w and tf/3/t1.
Conclusion
Radial artery pulse wave can be used to identify healthy, hypertensive and CAD participants by using Extra Trees Classifier. This method provides a potential pathway to recognize CAD patients by using a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective technique.
First Reported Advanced Pancreatic Cancer With Hyperprogression Treated With PD-1 Blockade combined with chemotherapy: A Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Wang Ya-Zhou , Peng Mao-Zhen , Xu Yao-Lin , Ying Ying , Tang Lin-Hui , Xu Hua-Xiang , He Jun-Yi , Liu Liang , Wang Wen-Quan
Published: August 2024

Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of cancer and is now recommended as a first-line therapy for small cell lung cancer and melanoma. However, a novel response pattern has been delineated, characterized by an abrupt acceleration of tumor growth subsequent to immunotherapy. These unforeseen adverse events are denoted as hyper progressive disease (HPD). The occurrence of HPD is observed not only in patients undergoing immunotherapy but also in those receiving chemotherapy, albeit with a comparatively lower frequency within the chemotherapy cohort. In the management of metastatic pancreatic cancer, the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy presents a promising therapeutic approach; however, there remains an unresolved question regarding the association between this combination therapy and HPD. Herein, we present a case report of a 59-year-old patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer exhibiting high PD-1/PD-L1 expression identified through next-generation sequencing data, suggesting the potential efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. Therefore, we administered serplulimab (a novel anti-PD-1 antibody) in combination with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. The patient initially exhibited a favorable response to the combination therapy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy; however, subsequent tumor enlargement and a significant deterioration in physical condition occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HPD in pancreatic cancer with multiple metastases treated using combination therapy. Based on this case, we propose a potential association between combination therapy and HPD in pancreatic cancer.
Foliar application of AgNPs synthesized with different methods modifies the nutritional properties of potato tubers
Authors: Tokarz Krzysztof M. , Mazur Tomasz , Hanula Monika , Makowski Wojciech , Zawal Piotr , Jędrzejczyk Roman J , Szacilowski Konrad , Mazur Stanisław , Tokarz Barbara
Published: August 2024

The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles, addressing different methods of their synthesis, with regard both to accumulation of Ag ions and the nutritional properties of potato tubers in field potato cultivation was the aim of presented study. Potato plants were sprayed with different concentration of Ag nanoparticles (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg·dm− 3) synthesized with incorporation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium citrate as capping agent. The lowest amounts of silver ions were transported to the tubers after spraying with AgNPs synthesized with SDS, rather than with citrate. Nevertheless silver ions accumulation in tubers was negligible. SDS method of synthesis was more favourable in terms of nutritional properties of potato tubers. The highest tested concentration of AgNPs_SDS had a favourable effect on a variety of macro- and micronutrients, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars. In turn, lower concentrations of AgNPs_SDS increased the content of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging efficiency of tubers.
The Impact of Connectivity and Software in Ethereum Validator Performance
Authors: Cortes-Goicoechea Mikel , Mohandas-Daryanani Tarun , Muñoz-Tapia Jose Luis , Bautista-Gomez Leonardo
Published: August 2024

Modern public blockchains like Ethereum rely on p2p networks to run distributed and censorship-resistant applications. With its wide adoption, it operates as a highly critical public ledger. On its transition to become more scalable and sustainable, shifting to PoS without sacrificing the security and resilience of PoW, Ethereum offers a range of consensus client implementations to participate in the network. In this paper, we present a methodology to measure the performance of the consensus clients based on the latency to receive messages from the p2p network. The paper includes a study that identifies the incentives and limitations that the network experiences, presenting insights about the latency impact derived from running the different consensus implementations at different locations.Our study highlights the need for a holistic approach to node deployment, where hardware, software, and geographic factors have to be carefully considered. Properly dimensioned hardware is essential to mitigate latency-related performance issues and ensure the reliable operation of beacon nodes, especially in geographically distant locations.
Rare taxa in the rhizosphere primarily influence nitrogen dynamics in plantations in northeastern China, with minimal impact on carbon and phosphorus
Authors: Pan Li , Wang Xiuwei
Published: August 2024

Aims
Rhizosphere effects refer to the alterations in soil properties resulting from the presence of plant roots. This study assessed the influence of rhizosphere microbial communities on the rhizosphere effects of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content.
Methods
we examined the rhizosphere effects of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in plantation forests of Acer saccharum (Ace), Larix gmelinii (Lar), Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pin) and Populus sp. (Pin). We studied root functional traits and rhizosphere microbial communities and categorized rhizosphere microbes into two sub-communities, rare and abundant taxa, based on their relative abundance. Furthermore, we analyzed the chemical properties of rhizosphere and bulk soils and quantified the rhizosphere effects in the study areas.
Results
The results revealed that in Pop trees, the rhizosphere effects of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were significantly higher compared to other tree species. Abundant taxa assembly was dominated by deterministic processes, whereas rare taxa were more influenced by stochastic processes. The rhizosphere rare taxa exhibited a stronger correlation with root functional traits in comparison to the abundant taxa. Both the Random Forest Model and Partial Least Squares Path Model suggested that rhizosphere rare taxa played a crucial role in the rhizosphere effect of nitrogen. The rhizosphere effects of carbon and phosphorus could not be accounted for by the rhizosphere microbial community properties.
Conclusion
These results collectively suggest that plant roots may regulate the composition of the rhizosphere microbial sub-community to meet their nitrogen requirements, underscoring the importance of rare rhizosphere taxa in plant nutrient uptake.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Primary Breast Cancer Utilizing Gene Expression Datasets from Middle-aged Caucasian Women
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Ghosh Dipannita , Bandaru Srinivas , Chopra Ishita , chaudhary Rinku , Bhati Durvi , Kumar Abhishek , Dey Taniya , Bhrdwaj Anushka , Khan Arshiya , Sharma Khushboo , Kaur Manmeet , Panwar Umesh , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer due to its genetic and clinical diversity across various subtypes often presents overlapping molecular profiles. Despite evolving classification methods, it still poses challenges for accurate prognosis. The present study addresses this challenge by identifying genes associated with each clinical subtype through a comprehensive differential expression analysis. As a representative example of breast cancer, the expression dataset (SRA Project: SRP375823) was sourced from middle-aged Caucasian/European women. First, samples were categorized according to histological types, stratified into Luminal-A, -B, and HER2 enriched tumours, as well as based on EMT properties (presence or absence of circulating tumour cells (CTCs)) and p53 mutation status (presence or absence of P53 mutation). The entire differential expression analysis was conducted utilizing GATK and Tuxedo II pipelines, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Upon comparison with healthy controls, genes like mTOR, BARD, MYH10, APC exhibited significant associations with breast cancer. Within immunohistological subtypes, all the primary tumours regardless of immunohistological subtypes exhibited significant upregulation in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways. Further, upon differential gene expression across tumours within p53 mutation statuses, HSPA1A (chaperone Hsp70) showed significantly lower expression in wild p53-negative (p53-) tumours compared to mutated p53-positive (p53+) tumours.In examining the differential expression in tumours across EMT characteristics, in CTC-positive (CTC+) tumours, various viral oncogenes like Epstein-Barr Virus, hepatitis B, and Kaposi-Sarcoma Associated Herpes Virus were upregulated. Overall present finding strives to identify unique molecular signatures for each breast cancer subtype/class providing a primary insight into identifying potential prognostic markers, particularly within the Caucasian demographic.
Pressure reduction and suction characteristics of the new digital single use Flexible Ureteroscope with Suction: An In-Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: Martínez Begoña Ballesta , Dragos Laurian , Tatanis Vasileios , Somani Bhaskar , Martinez Pedro Campillo , Angerri Oriol , Peteinaris Angelis , Tsaturyan Arman , Kanashiro Andres , Valverde Marina Garcés , Serrano Manuel Christian Garcia , Vivo Francisco Javiert Lopez , Fumero Sergio , Liatsikos Evangelos , Kallidonis Panagiotis
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To assess the time taken by the single use 7.5Fr suction flexible ureteroscope to reduce pressure under 40 mm Hg and to characterize the behavior of stones, fragments and dust during suction activation
Methods
An in vitro setting was developed for this experiment. A saline-filled globe, with the 7.5Fr single use suction flexible ureteroscope, PU3033AH (ZhuHai Pusen Medical Technology Co, Ltd, Guangdon, China), an automatic irrigation pump and a pressure monitoring set were used at four modalities; i) continuous suction, no irrigation inflow; ii) continuous suction, irrigation inflow on; iii) one-second rate intermittent suction, irrigation inflow on, and iv) half-second rate intermittent suction, irrigation inflow on. The behavior of calcium oxalate stones from 0.5 to 5 mm when being aspirated via the ureteroscope into a plastic container filled with saline was recorded.
Results
Suction with the PU3033AH worked properly with the inflow irritation on. The fastest strategy to lower the pressure was by continuously pressing the suction button with the irrigation inflow on. Overall, the median time to reach 40 mg was roughly 3.5 seconds. The PU3033AH could aspirate 0.5 mm stones. The suction mode on a continuous pattern allowed relocation of stones ranging from 1 to 5 mm on an experimental setup with no obstacles.
Conclusion
The PU3033AH was efficient in lowering pressure in a closed cavity mimicking the renal pelvis. Likewise, stone fragments under one millimeter were aspirated by the device whereas stones from one to five mm could be displaced when activating suction in continuous mode on an experimental setup with no obstacles.
A macro-model of masonry infilled RC frames with horizontal slip layers
Authors: su qiwang , Liu Ruihan , Xu Chaoxi , Hu Xinran
Published: August 2024

As a new type of non-structural component, the masonry infill with horizontal slip layer can change its failure mode from diagonal strut failure to slip failure during an earthquake and effectively reduce its damage. Although experimental methods and microscopic model analysis accurately capture the influence of the mechanical properties of the infill wall with horizontal slip layer on the reinforced concrete frame, they are often uneconomical and inefficient. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the infilled wall of the frame with horizontal slip layer were investigated based on the experiment and micro-model finite analysis, and the interaction relationship and failure mechanism between the infill wall with horizontal slip layer and the frame were discussed. A macro modelling method with equivalent member by geometrically dividing the masonry unit and springs was proposed. In comparison with the experimental results, the correctness of the macro model is verified to adequately simulate the mechanical behaviour of the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame with horizontal layers. Finally, DIANA finite element software is employed to establish a bare reinforced concrete frame and a reinforced concrete frame infilled by masonry with horizontal slip layers, modal analysis and response spectrum analysis were carried out and the differences in analysis results were compared. The results showed that the infills increase the lateral stiffness of the frame structure, and reduce natural vibration period and the stress difference in longitudinal steel bars in the column of the frame with horizontal slip layers.
Designing a selective medium for primary isolation of H. pylori from gastric biopsy
Authors: hosseinali Zahra , Shahmari Fatemeh , Javanbakhat Parisa , Nemati Rasool , Yazdanbod Abbas , Teimourpour Roghayeh
Published: August 2024

H.pylori is a gram negative and spiral bacterium that transmitted among humans through oral-oral or oral fecal routs. Past studies have proven the role of this bacterium in causing stomach cancer. This is very fastidious and its recovery require very expensive and enriched medium. The present study aimed to introduce an improved, selective and cost effective medium with cheap and available ingredients without need of microaerophilic producer device.