bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formuła wyrażania szacunku w strukturze osiemnastowiecznego listu polskiego
Authors: Sicińska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The Honorificative Formula in 18th c. Polish Letters
The paper discusses, from the formal, semantic, pragma- and sociolinguistic point of view, the honorificative formula that constituted one of the components of the final part of an epistolary Polish text of the 18th century. Most commonly, it took the shape of a conventionalized phrase which consisted of the preposition z (‘with’), an adjective, and a noun; e.g. z prawdziwym szacunkiem ‘with true respect’. The formula was syntactically dependent, as it was part of a larger whole – nearly always the subscription, i.e. the broadly understood signature of the author of the letter. The lexical composition of the formula showed considerable diversity. The nouns that constituted it include estymacja ‘esteem’, poważenie ‘reverence’, szacunek ‘respect’, weneracja ‘veneration’, and others. The attributes that described the main stem of the formula were also characterized by notable semantic diversity. Moreover, the honorificative formula could also appear in the form of a Latin quotation, e.g. profundo cultu. The usage of the formula depended on social and situational factors, namely it was used in letters to people of equal or higher social status (e.g. to members of princely families), as well as in highly official situations.
Rumuńska redakcja języka cerkiewnosłowiańskiego – zarys problematyki
Authors: Jakubowicz Mariola
Published: January 2020

The Romanian Redaction of the Church Slavonic Language – an Outline of the Problem
The article is devoted to the Romanian redaction of the Church Slavonic language. More recent redactions of the Old Church Slavonic language emerged in all areas inhabited by Slavs of the Orthodox faith. Apart from the national redactions of the Church Slavonic language, which developed in Slavic countries, a form of this language with its own peculiar peculiarities also emerged in the territory of present-day Romania. Between the 13th and the 16th century, the official language of Moldavia and Wallachia (the lands which subsequently became part of Romania) was a Slavic language in a form based on a Bulgarian version of the Church Slavonic language. It gradually developed distinct features, so that we may already speak about a Romanian redaction of the Church Slavonic language in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Z etymologii łemkowskich. Cz. IV
Authors: Fałowski Adam , Hojsak Wiktoria
Published: January 2020

Lemko Etymologies. Part IV
The present paper is the fourth part in the Lemko etymologies series; analysed in it are words beginning with letter К: кавеніти, кавери, кадивай (кадиваль), карати ся, каренчыти, каслик, кєпешыти ся, кіпнина, кырмак, кырнак, кыртавый, кыявчати, клапец, клаптош, клеветати, ключы, кобан (кобаня, кобиця), ковырдати, конда (кондя), копырдати ся, коцюрба, кракоч, ку- жівка, курділь. Authors attempt to establish the origin of those words, taking into account data from etymological, historical, and dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages and dialects, as well as from the neighbouring non-Slavic languages, thereby outlining a broad comparative background. They propose additions and corrections to previous etymological findings regarding some of the discussed words.
Obserwator i jego pozycja w opowiadaniu Tadeusza Borowskiego „Odwiedziny”
Authors: Wnuk Łukasz
Published: January 2020

The Observer and His Position in Tadeusz Borowski’s Short Story Odwiedziny (‘The Visit’)

The article is an analysis of Tadeusz Borowski’s short story Odwiedziny (‘The visit’). It focuses on linguistic and narrative devices through which the speaker influences the recipient’s perception, and so shapes the reading of his work. The first part is introductory, it presents the goals of the paper. The next part recalls the most important existing interpretations, both of Borowski’s literary output as a whole, and of the text at hand. They form the starting point to an analysis of the position of the character-narrator with regard to the events he is describing, and to the relation between the author, the narrator, and the main character of the story. These considerations constitute the third part of the present paper. It begins with a citation of the full text of the story, and is followed by the main argument announced in the title which refers to Ronald Langacker’s cognitive grammar and takes into special consideration such notions as scene, current discourse space, and vantage point. The closing part of the paper contains conclusions, contrasted with the theses put forward in the context of Borowski’s work, as well as suggestions of possible directions of further analysis of the story within the framework of cognitive linguistics.
How Wicksell became important for Buchanan: a historical account of a (relatively) slow epiphany
Authors: Marciano Alain
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article analyze the process that led Buchanan to become a ‘Wicksellian’, that is, to recognise the importance of Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen. It is now established that Buchanan discovered Wicksell’s Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen not after he had completed his PhD dissertation – as he himself recounted – but before. We show that, if the process did indeed start with the dissertation, Wicksell remained marginal for Buchanan until he had read Nancy Ruggles’s articles on welfare economics and marginal cost pricing. This led him to start translating Wicksell’s book. Then, we discuss the role of the correspondence that Buchanan exchanged with Carl Uhr. Ruggles and Uhr played an important role in Buchanan’s acceptance that Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen was an important book.
Flat optical frequency comb generation based on a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and a single recirculation frequency shift loop
Authors: Li Dan , Wu Shibao , Liu Yu , Guo Yifeng
Published: January 2020

To generate a flat optical frequency comb (OFC), a new scheme based on a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and a single recirculation frequency shift loop is proposed and analyzed. Compared with the traditional single loop recirculation frequency shift method, the quantity of comb lines is doubled, and the comb flatness is better when the number of cycles is the same. The theoretical analysis model is established, and the simulation results show that a 111-line OFC with frequency spacing of 10 GHz, flatness of 1.32 dB, and optical signal to noise ratio of 27.4 dB can be obtained by adopting the proposed scheme.
Three-dimensional detection and quantification of defects in SiC by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ma Pei , Ni Jiajie , Sun Jiawei , Zhang Xuedian , Li Junyin , Chen Hui
Published: January 2020

Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used in high power electronic devices. However, defects on the SiC significantly reduce the yield and decrease the performance of SiC. Accurate detection of the defects is essential in the process control. We demonstrated a noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) defect detection method for SiC using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Defects including the triangular defects, hexagonal voids, grain boundaries, and carrot defects were inspected and analyzed on SiC wafers. The 3D images of defects acquired with OCT provided detailed information on the 3D structures and dimensions of defects, and the locations and orientations of the defects inside the wafers. This technique was not only useful for rapid defect screening in the process control, it was also extremely helpful in understanding the formation mechanism of these defects in SiC.
Automatic recognition of breast invasive ductal carcinoma based on terahertz spectroscopy with wavelet packet transform and machine learning
Authors: Liu Wenquan , Zhang Rui , Ling Yu , Tang Hongping , She Rongbin , Wei Guanglu , Gong Xiaojing , Lu Yuanfu
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate an automatic recognition strategy for terahertz (THz) pulsed signals of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) based on a wavelet entropy feature extraction and a machine learning classifier. The wavelet packet transform was implemented into the complexity analysis of the transmission THz signal from a breast tissue sample. A novel index of energy to Shannon entropy ratio (ESER) was proposed to distinguish different tissues. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) method and machine learning classifier were further adopted and optimized for automatic classification of the THz signal from breast IDC sample. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves are all larger than 0.89 for the three adopted classifiers. The best breast IDC recognition performance is with the precision, sensitivity and specificity of 92.85%, 89.66% and 96.67%, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ESER index together with the machine learning classifier for automatically identifying different breast tissues.
Quantifying the loss of information from binning list-mode data
Authors: Clarkson Eric , Kupinski Meredith
Published: January 2020

List-mode data are increasingly being used in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, among other imaging modalities. However, there are still many imaging designs that effectively bin list-mode data before image reconstruction or other estimation tasks are performed. Intuitively, the binning operation should result in a loss of information. In this work, we show that this is true for Fisher information and provide a computational method for quantifying the information loss. In the end, we find that the information loss depends on three factors. The first factor is related to the smoothness of the mean data function for the list-mode data. The second factor is the actual object being imaged. Finally, the third factor is the binning scheme in relation to the other two factors.
Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Tm:CALGO with depressed-index cladding
Authors: Llamas Victor , Loiko Pavel , Kifle Esrom , Romero Carolina , Vázquez de Aldana Javier R. , Pan Zhongben , Serres Josep Maria , Yuan Hualei , Dai Xiaojun , Cai Huaqiang , Wang Yicheng , Zhao Yongguang , Zakharov Viktor , Veniaminov Andrey , Thouroude Romain , Laroche Mathieu , Gilles Hervé , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Camy Patrice , Mateos Xavier
Published: January 2020

Depressed-index buried and surface channel waveguides (type III) are produced in a bulk 3.5 at.% Tm3+:CALGO crystal by femtosecond direct-laser-writing at kHz repetition rate. The waveguides are characterized by confocal microscopy and µ-Raman spectroscopy. Under in-band-pumping at 1679 nm (3H6 → 3F4 transition) by a Raman fiber laser, the buried channel waveguide laser with a circular cladding (diameter: 60 µm) generated a continuous-wave output power of 0.81 W at 1866-1947 nm with a slope efficiency of 71.2% (versus the absorbed pump power) and showed a laser threshold of 200 mW. The waveguide propagation losses were as low as 0.3 ± 0.2 dB/cm. The laser performance under in-band pumping was superior compared pumping at ∼800 nm (3H6 → 3H4 transition), i.e., the convetional pump wavelength. Vibronic laser emission from the WG laser above 2 µm is also achieved. The low-loss behavior, the broadband emission properties and good power scaling capabilities indicate the suitability of Tm3+:CALGO waveguides for mode-locked laser operation at ∼2 µm.
Diamond refractive micro-lenses for full-field X-ray imaging and microscopy produced with ion beam lithography
Authors: Medvedskaya Polina , Lyatun Ivan , Shevyrtalov Sergey , Polikarpov Maxim , Snigireva Irina , Yunkin Vyacheslav , Snigirev Anatoly
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate that ion-beam lithography can be applied to the fabrication of rotationally parabolic refractive diamond X-ray micro-lenses that are of interest to the field of high-resolution X-ray focusing and microscopy. Three single half-lenses with curvature radii of 4.8 µm were produced and stacked to form a compound refractive lens, which provided diffraction-limited focusing of X-ray radiation at the P14 beamline of PETRA-III (DESY). As shown with SEM, the lenses are free of expressed low- and high-frequency shape modulations with a figure error of < 200 nm and surface roughness of 30 nm. Precise micro-manipulation and stacking of individual lenses are demonstrated, which opens up new opportunities for compact X-ray microscopy with nanometer resolution.
Quantitative phase imaging by wide-field interferometry with variable shearing distance uncoupled from the off-axis angle
Authors: Guo Rongli , Mirsky Simcha K. , Barnea Itay , Dudaie Matan , Shaked Natan T.
Published: January 2020

We introduce a new shearing interferometry module for digital holographic microscopy, in which the off-axis angle, which defines the interference fringe frequency, is not coupled to the shearing distance, as is the case in most shearing interferometers. Thus, it enables the selection of shearing distance based on the spatial density of the sample, without losing spatial frequency content due to overlapping of the complex wave fronts in the spatial frequency domain. Our module is based on a 4f imaging unit and a diffraction grating, in which the hologram is generated from two mutually coherent, partially overlapping sample beams, with adjustable shearing distance, as defined by the position of the grating, but with a constant off-axis angle, as defined by the grating period. The module is simple, easy to align, and presents a nearly common-path geometry. By placing this module as an add-on unit at the exit port of an inverted microscope, quantitative phase imaging can easily be performed. The system is characterized by a 2.5 nm temporal stability and a 3.4 nm spatial stability, without using anti-vibration techniques. We provide quantitative phase imaging experiments of silica beads with different shearing distances, red blood cell fluctuations, and cancer cells flowing in a micro-channel, which demonstrate the capability and versatility of our approach in different imaging scenarios.
Real-time high-speed three-dimensional surface imaging using band-limited illumination profilometry with a CoaXPress interface
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Kilcullen Patrick , Liu Xianglei , Gribben Jeremy , Boate Alan , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang
Published: January 2020

High-speed three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging by structured-light profilometry is currently driven by numerous applications. However, the limited speeds in fringe pattern projection, image acquisition, and data transmission have strained the existing methods from reaching kilohertz-level acquisition, processing, and display of 3D information during the occurrence of dynamic events (i.e., in real time). To overcome these limitations, we have developed band-limited illumination profilometry (BLIP) with a CoaXPress interface (CI), which enables real-time high-speed 3D surface imaging. We have demonstrated the system’s performance by imaging various static and fast-moving 3D objects in real time. We have also applied this system in fluid mechanics by imaging dynamics of a flag, which allowed observation of the wave propagation, gravity-induced phase mismatch, and asymmetric flapping motion. We expect CI-BLIP to find diverse scientific and industrial applications.
Wavelength- and dispersion-tunable ultrafast holmium-doped fiber laser with dual-color operation
Authors: Pawliszewska Maria , Dużyńska Anna , Zdrojek Mariusz , Sotor Jarosław
Published: January 2020

We present a versatile ultrafast holmium-doped fiber laser with an intracavity Martinez compressor. The compressor enables continuous dispersion control, spectral filtering, and dual-color operation of the laser. Mode locking is supported for net cavity dispersion values ranging from highly anomalous (

−
1.42

p
s

2

) to net normal (

0.3

p
s

2

), and wavelength tuning of the optical solitons is obtained in a 2021–2096 nm span. Dual-color pulsed operation of the laser is reached by implementing a mechanical bandstop filter within the compressor. The repetition rate offset of the two emitted frequency combs can be tuned in a 3–8 kHz range by adjusting the net cavity dispersion, or by changing the beam block diameter. We show that a relatively simple fiber resonator integrated with a Martinez compressor can serve as a highly tunable laser source.
Visible light generation in the cladding of optical fibers carrying near-infrared continuous-wave lasers due to Cherenkov-phase matched harmonic conversion
Authors: Aparanji Santosh , Arun S. , Balaswamy V. , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: January 2020

In this work, we report and analyze the cause of the surprising observation of visible light generation in the cladding of silica-based continuous-wave (CW), near-infrared fiber lasers. We observe a visible rainbow of hues in a cascaded Raman fiber laser, which we attribute to second and third harmonic conversion of the different wavelength components propagating in the core of the fiber. The light in the cladding of the fiber occurs through Cherenkov-type phase matching, and a mathematical analysis is presented to estimate the power of the harmonic light generated. We then extend this theory to visible light generation in other types of fiber lasers. Specifically, we analyze the case of a CW supercontinuum generated in standard telecom fibers, and verify our theoretical predictions with experimental results through visible spectra collected.
Real-time monitoring of temperature using a pulsed laser-diode-based photoacoustic system
Authors: Upputuri Paul Kumar , Das Dhiman , Maheshwari Muneesh , Yaowen Yang , Pramanik Manojit
Published: January 2020

Tissue local temperature information is necessary for guiding energy-based medical treatments. In cancer treatments such as thermal therapy, heating is applied to local tissue to kill the tumor cells. These techniques require a temperature monitoring device with high sensitivity. In this Letter, we demonstrate a pulsed-laser-diode-(PLD)-based photoacoustic temperature sensing (PATS) system for monitoring tissue temperature in real time. The system takes advantage of a high repetition rate (7000 Hz), a near-infrared wavelength (803 nm), and a relatively high energy 1.42 mJ/pulse laser. The system is capable of providing local temperature information at high temporal resolution of 1 ms and high sensitivity of 0.31°C. The temperature data measured with a PLD-PATS system are compared with the data provided by the commercial fiber Bragg grating sensor. The proposed system will find applications in radio-frequency ablation, photothermal therapy, and focused ultrasound, etc., used for cancer treatments.
Hyperspectral terahertz microscopy via nonlinear ghost imaging
Authors: Olivieri Luana , Gongora Juan S. Totero , Peters Luke , Cecconi Vittorio , Cutrona Antonio , Tunesi Jacob , Tucker Robyn , Pasquazi Alessia , Peccianti Marco
Published: January 2020

Ghost imaging, based on single-pixel detection and multiple pattern
illumination, is a crucial investigative tool in difficult-to-access
wavelength regions. In the terahertz domain, where high-resolution
imagers are mostly unavailable, ghost imaging is an optimal approach
to embed the temporal dimension, creating a “hyperspectral” imager. In
this framework, high resolution is mostly out of reach. Hence, it is
particularly critical to developing practical approaches for
microscopy. Here we experimentally demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear
ghost imaging, a technique based on near-field, optical-to-terahertz
nonlinear conversion and detection of illumination patterns. We show
how space–time coupling affects near-field time-domain imaging, and we
develop a complete methodology that overcomes fundamental systematic
reconstruction issues. Our theoretical-experimental platform enables
high-fidelity subwavelength imaging and carries relaxed constraints on
the nonlinear generation crystal thickness. Our work establishes a
rigorous framework to reconstruct hyperspectral images of complex
samples inaccessible through standard fixed-time methods.
The form of eternity
Authors: Leite Augusto Bruno de Carvalho Dias
Published: January 2020

According to the mythical-religious literature time is determined by the eternal nature of divinity or origin of all things. From this adagio, theological literature is provoked and studies on the eternal nature of divinity suggest that if the universe was created the image of its creator the first must also be eternal. Therefore the question arises: how to shape that which by nature is formless, infinite, namely eternity? To answer this question the following paper develops a brief history about the Judeo-Christian tradition on the problem of time and its relationship with eternity and also tries to prepare at the end one logical answer to the question about the form of eternity.
Resenha de Rossetti, L. Un altro Parmenide (2017)
Authors: Santos José Trindade
Published: January 2020

Resenha de Rossetti, L. Un altro Parmenide (2017)
A primeira filósofa
Authors: Santoro Fernando
Published: January 2020

É possível considerar o poema Títônio de Safo como um texto filosófico pré-socrático? Certas características nos fazem considerar estes versos em sua filosofia: 1) Retrata uma situação de aprendizagem amorosa, amor (philía) ao saber; 2) A presença de uma sentença de caráter universal sobre a humanidade: “Não envelhecer, para o homem, é um caso impossível.”; 3) Uma crítica ao senso comum e um aprofundamento de sabedoria; em particular a consideração da humanidade pela corrupção do devir mais do que pela mortalidade; 4) A repercussão do saber teórico em uma atitude e em um modo de vida prático: “O que posso eu fazer?” e a respectiva resposta proposta; 5) Um termo base (um conceito?) a conduzir e dar unidade de estilo filosófico e de modo de pensar à autora.
Factores asociados al no tratamiento farmacológico en brasileños con presión arterial elevada
Authors: Muñoz-Pareja Maritza , Loch Mathias Roberto , Vera-Jiménez Haydeé , Silva Ana Rigo
Published: January 2020

Introducción: Uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes y con rápido aumento en los países en vías de desarrollo es la hipertensión. En este estudio se determinaron los factores asociados al no tratamiento farmacológico en personas con presión arterial elevada.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 363 brasileños entre 40 y 98 años, pertenecientes al estudio VIGICARDIO, Brasil. Para asociar la presión arterial elevada a factores sociodemográficos y de salud de personas sin tratamiento farmacológico se utilizó regresión logística.Resultados: La probabilidad de tener presión arterial elevada sin tratamiento farmacológico fue mayor en hombres (OR:3,3; IC95%:1,9–5,8), menores de 60 años (OR:1,9; IC95%:1,0–1,5), con buena percepción de la salud (OR:2,3; IC95%:1,3–3,9), con peso normal (OR:2,1; IC95%:1,2–3,8), no diabéticos (OR:21,4; IC95%:2,97–159,8), con consumo abusivo de alcohol (OR:2,9; IC95%:1,5–5,7), que comían verduras o legumbres 4 veces o menos a la semana (OR:2,26; IC95%:1,1–3,8), que consumían la carne con grasa (OR:2,1; IC95%:1,2–3,6), y que tenían una presión arterial sistólica ≥90mm/Hg (OR:3,1; IC95%:1,8–5,6). No obstante, aquellos con triglicéridos ≥150mm/dL (OR:0,6; IC95%:0,3–0,9), y con high density lipoprotein ≤45mm/dL (OR:0,5; IC95%:0,3–0,8) mostraron menor probabilidad de estar sin tratamiento.Conclusiones: Aquellos sin tratamiento farmacológico tuvieron menos obesidad o diabetes, pero peor estilo de vida y conductas alimentarias. Los servicios sanitarios deben fortalecer capacidades diagnósticas.
Elección de escuela en la clase alta chilena. Comunidad, identidad y cierre social
Authors: Bellei Cristián , Orellana Victor , Canales Manuel
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo fue comprender las razones, motivos y significados asociados a la elección de escuela por parte de las familias de clase alta chilena. La elección de escuela ha pasado a ser un tema relevante del debate de política educacional sobre mercado y privatización, al estar asociado a dinámicas de segregación social. La clase alta chilena ofrece un espacio social privilegiado para estudiar estos asuntos, toda vez que se educa hiper-segregadamente en escuelas privadas de alto costo. Los hallazgos –basados en una investigación cualitativa en la cual se realizaron entrevistas y grupos de discusión en la zona prototípica de la clase alta de Santiago- muestran la enorme relevancia de consideraciones comunitarias, sociales y culturales al momento de elegir escuela, buscando una identificación de la familia con la comunidad escolar a partir de visiones de mundo y relaciones sociales compartidas. Si consideramos este espacio social como un mercado escolar, puesto que hay libre elección, precios y competencia, se trata de un mercado incrustado en una densa sociabilidad que lo soporta y en último término subordina. También encontramos cierta diversidad al interior de la clase alta, tensionada por procesos internos de heterogeneización socio-cultural.
Prevalence and risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among an ethnically diverse overweight/obese adolescent population
Authors: Maya Jacqueline , Siegel Janet , Cheng Tina Q. , Rousseau-Pierre Thaina
Published: January 2020

Background

More remains to be known about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among overweight/obese adolescents across different ethnicities especially in regards to mental illness as an associated comorbidity.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of PCOS among overweight and obese adolescents and to evaluate known risk factors for PCOS in a diverse population.

Methods

Charts of patients at an Adolescent Clinic between April 1, 2016 and July 30, 2018 were filtered using: obese, overweight and body mass index (BMI) >85%. Charts were reviewed to identify the presence of PCOS using National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, race/ethnicity and known risk factors for PCOS [lipid, BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HA1c), blood pressure (BP)] and mental health conditions associated with PCOS (anxiety/depression and self-harm/suicidal ideation).

Results

Patients with PCOS were more likely to have elevated lipids (19.6% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.05), be obese (67.4% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.03), and have acanthosis nigricans (68.9% vs. 28.2%, p =< 0.001). PCOS was more common among non-Hispanic patients (77.9%) vs. Hispanic patients (57.8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of depression/anxiety (37% vs. 33%, respectively, p = 0.590) or self – harm/suicidal ideation (17% vs. 17%, p = 0.96) in patients with and without PCOS. In a logistic regression model, after adjusting for all demographics and clinical features, ethnicity, acanthosis nigricans and BMI were significant risk factors for PCOS.

Conclusion

Patients with PCOS are more likely to be obese, hyperlipidemic, have acanthosis nigricans and be of non-Hispanic ethnicity. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of depression/anxiety and self-harm/suicidal ideation among adolescents with or without PCOS.
Dietary supplementation of Pleurotus tuber regium in rat feed ameliorates metabolic and hematotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Okolo Kenneth Obinna , Orisakwe Orish Ebere , Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri
Published: January 2020

Pleurotus tuber regium, a wild edible mushroom can reduce free radical-mediated injury and oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) via improvement of antioxidant capacity. This work evaluates the protective effects of this mushroom against the metabolic and hematological toxicity induced by CCl4. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10). Group I received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks, while maintaining free access to food and water ad libitum (negative control). Group II received 3 mL/kg (30% CCl4 in olive oil) injected i.p. twice weekly, while Groups III, IV, and V received 100, 200, and 500 mg wild edible P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 in olive oil injected twice weekly i.p. Group VI received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks in addition to 500 mg P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily. The body weight (b.w.), feed intake (FI), and water intake (WI) were obtained weekly, while the hematological indices and oxidative stress parameters were carried out shortly after necropsy on days 30, 60, and 90. Treatment with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the b.w., FI and WI, feed efficiency, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase, while increasing the oxidative stress as measured by malondialdehyde in CCl4 only group when compared with control. Supplementation of feed with P. tuber regium reversed the effects of CCl4. Pleurotus tuber regium ameliorated the CCl4-induced metabolic and hematotoxicity by improving the antioxidant capacity.
Stillbirth and subsequent pregnancy outcome – a cohort from a large tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Pekkola Maria , Tikkanen Minna , Gissler Mika , Paavonen Jorma , Stefanovic Vedran
Published: January 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to assess pregnancy and delivery outcomes in women with a history of stillbirth in a large tertiary referral hospital.

Methods

This was a retrospective study from Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The cohort comprised 214 antepartum singleton stillbirths in the period 2003–2015 (case group). Of these, 154 delivered by the end of 2017. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared to those in singleton pregnancies of parous women in Finland from the Finnish Medical Birth Register (reference group).

Results

The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher among case women for preeclampsia (3.3 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.002), preterm birth (8.5 vs. 3.9%, P = 0.004), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children (7.8 vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) and stillbirth (2.7 vs. 0.3%, P < 0.001). There were four preterm recurrent stillbirths. Induction of labor was more common among case women than parous women in the reference group (49.4 vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001). Duration of pregnancy was shorter among case women (38.29 ± 3.20 vs. 39.27 ± 2.52, P < 0.001), and mean birth weight was lower among newborns of the case women (3274 ± 770 vs. 3491 ± 674 g, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Although the rates for adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher compared to the parous background population, the overall probability of a favorable outcome was high. The risk of recurrent premature stillbirth in our cohort was higher than that for parous women in general during the study period. No recurrent term stillbirths occurred, however.
Language, medical tourism and the enterprising self
Authors: Muth Sebastian , Suryanarayan Neelakshi
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to demonstrate the implications of health mobility on language practices in the medical tourism industry in India and on the ways, language workers become entrepreneurs. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork that traces the trajectories of three former students of Russian, we highlight their future aspirations as language learners and entrepreneurs and show, how they attempt to capitalize on language skills and respond to changing conditions and patient movements within the structures, constraints and uncertainties of the linguistic market. Here, it is our aim to illustrate what it takes to become an enterprising and successful language worker and at the same time highlight their current positioning as emblematic yet subordinate figures within a fast-growing service industry in an emerging economy. We further demonstrate, how language skills not only become commodities to serve existing or future markets, but instead are recast as tools that can be strategically employed to secure recognition and access to prestigious and lucrative professional networks. In doing so, this paper illustrates how linguistic value is produced in a service industry that to date only received little attention in sociolinguistic research.
Second language socialization in the margins: Queering the paradigm
Authors: Rowlett Benedict J.L.
Published: January 2020

This article explores aspects of second language socialization with respect to same gender relationships formed in the queer spaces of Siem Reap, a major tourist city in Cambodia. In order to explore the processes of socialization that emerged from ethnographic fieldwork in this setting as a key factor informing these relationship practices, I present an analysis of narrative accounts from interviews with local men. These English speaking Cambodian men describe how their linguistic knowledge (metapragmatic awareness), understanding and participation in these relationship practices developed through their personal engagement in the multilingual queer spaces of the city; spaces in which they meet and befriend tourists from the global north. Departing to some extent from widely espoused notions of identity and community in second language socialization research, this queer analysis seeks to engage more fully with socialization as it relates to the semiotic production of space/time. In this way, I account for how a queering of the language socialization paradigm may afford us greater analytical and interpretive purchase when conducting language research on social practices in the margins.
Pakistan: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Mansoor , Munir Asfa
Published: January 2020

Pakistan is a developing country with an estimated population of 220 million, and among them 34% are children. Due to the lack of a proper health care system, particularly in rural areas, children are prone to many environmental hazards. This paper reports about the different environmental health issues faced by children in Pakistan and was presented at the Regional Meeting on Children’s Environmental Health at the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand in May 2019. Pakistan is among those countries where polio is still present due to misconceptions, hard-to-reach areas, war zones, political uncertainty, etc. Extensively drug-resistant typhoid is broadly spreading in Pakistan, and this is a very serious concern over antibiotic failure around the world. Pakistan was long considered a region with a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, but now the disease is spreading at an alarming rate. Globally, Pakistan has the third highest burden of maternal, fetal and child mortality. In the last 10 years or so, around 10,000 cases of dengue have been reported with around 800 deaths, including children. Other issues related to children’s environmental health in Pakistan include cholera because of poor sanitation and hygiene, respiratory disease due to pollution, exposure to pesticides, diarrhea, occupational hazards as a result of child labor, etc.
A Self-Portrait as Landscape Painter: Caspar David Friedrich and Phrenology
Authors: Amstutz Nina
Published: January 2020

A Self-Portrait as Landscape Painter: Caspar David Friedrich and Phrenology

The article explores a precocious moment of interest in how the brain mediates aesthetic perception. Around 1810, Caspar David Friedrich drew himself with several features that deviate from his earlier self-portraits, including two bumps between the brows at the root of the nose. These cranial protuberances were associated with a cognitive faculty that the phrenologist Franz Joseph Gall insisted is common among landscape painters: Ortssinn, characterized by a heightened ability to remember places and to measure distance and perspective. I argue that Friedrich’s drawing is a self-portrait as landscape painter, where the signifiers of identity are no longer conventional artistic or sartorial attributes but rather the contours of the cranium and, by implication, the fabric of the artist’s mind.
Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke
Authors: Dickel Hans
Published: January 2020

Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke

The histories of art in former East and West Germany have been described as evolving synchronously. This article, arguing from another point of view, analyzes two works from the 1980s, both of them outstanding in purpose and size: Werner Tübke’s monumental painting Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland in the Museum Bad Frankenhausen (formerly GDR) and Hanne Darboven’s Bismarckzeit in the Kunstmuseum Bonn (FRG). The investigation into their subjects, forms, and contents within their historical contexts – the period of Erich Honecker’s claim for a socialist tradition and Helmut Schmidt’s Realpolitik, respectively – reveals a greater distinctness grounded on different concepts of art, i.e., anti-modern (Tübke) versus modernist (Darboven). Nevertheless, in their view of German history a common kind of scepticism about teleology may be discerned, which is based on the artists’ shared experiences of Germany’s disastrous contribution to the twentieth century.
Nachrichten aus Nürnberg: The Annunciation as an Epistolary Address
Authors: Brisman Shira
Published: January 2020

When, around the turn of the fifteenth century, the art of northern Europe developed a pictorial motif whereby an angel delivers the news of the Incarnation in the form of a sealed document, the material properties of ink and wax metaphorically evoked the unique properties of the inscription of divine form upon Mary’s virginal body. The social impact of this communication, the dissemination of the message to a community of recipients, could be strengthened by references to the re-transmittable nature of the announcement, as enforced by other indicators of sociability detectable in different portions of the narrative scheme. The Tucher Altarpiece in Nuremberg and Michael Wolgemut’s altarpiece for the cathedral of St. Mary in Zwickau present two examples of uses of the epistolary Annunciation that may have influenced Albrecht Dürer, who employs the motif in his woodcut series The Life of the Virgin, which also contains, along with this pictorial form of broad address, more narrowly articulated messages to his contemporaries in the form of written words.
The So-Called Sainte-Chapelle Windows of Soissons Cathedral: Another Look
Authors: Lillich Meredith Parsons
Published: January 2020

The stained glass in the axial chapel of Soissons Cathedral was moved there from the nave in the late eighteenth century. It was made circa 1250 by the “principal atelier” of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, and consists of fragments that survived the Huguenot attacks of 1567. This study establishes that these figural fragments glazed the nave aisles, while coeval grisailles – which survive only minimally – glazed the nave clerestories. The grisailles, known chiefly from nineteenth-century drawings, thus provide evidence for the nave glazing in the Lower Chapel of the Sainte-Chapelle, which was lost in 1690.
Haptik und Optik Jean-Siméon Chardins Malerei als ›Schule des Sehens‹
Authors: Hosseini Anita
Published: January 2020

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, philosophers explored the idea of sight through mind games and practical experiments. Investigating initial vision and tackling the problem of (actual and hypothetical) blindness, they eventually realized that sight itself only transmits the idea of forms and colors. In conclusion, the visual understanding of plasticity and distance postulates an exchange between optical and tactile experiences. Beholding paintings requires the same correlation, as the painted canvas also evokes the illusion of space and body. In his still lifes, Jean-Siméon Chardin uses colors in an activating manner and creates paintings that oscillate between real and represented matter. But they also show the presence of light and air and visually dematerialize the painted objects. Hence, these seem to disperse in light and color and to float in a sphere between painting and beholder. The outcome of this is an experience of a mere vision.
Die Zukunft der Vergangenheit Richard Oelze (1900 – 1980) and Post-war Reflection
Authors: Moseman Eleanor F.
Published: January 2020

The Surrealist artist Richard Oelze’s postwar enterprise was one of inner reflection and personal questioning linked to the broader project of coming to terms with the past. The essay takes a critical view of his artworks and his automatist Wortskizzen to assess the manner and extent to which Oelze utilizes his artistic practice as a mode of working through his, and Germany’s, complicity with the Nazi regime. Analysis of the Wortskizzen exposes how verbal probing informs Oelze’s visual expression of inner turmoil, while implied gaps and voids in paintings and drawings puncture space as well as time, illuminating memory and blending the past with the present. Oelze’s serious play with word and image in turn invites his viewers to release repressed memories through reflective contemplation.
›Reframing‹ – Umarbeitung, Ergänzung und Neurahmung von Kunstwerken in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit. Einleitung
Authors: Seeberg Stefanie , Wittekind Susanne
Published: January 2020

A book cover encloses the manuscript inside. If it is elaborate, it distinguishes the manuscript as a precious and valuable object (as a frame does for a painting), all the more so when an old manuscript is clothed in a new and costly cover. In conjunction with added texts and other traces of use, one can grasp from this ‘reframing’ a shift of a text’s meaning. This is especially true of Gospel Books, which were handled as symbols of God in liturgical contexts. From the High Middle Ages on, treasure inventories and oath formulae were added to Gospel Books. They indicate the importance of an old Gospel Book for the religious community as a material proof of the age and rank of their church. Gospel Book covers from the High and Late Middle Ages demonstrate this by using spolia, old-fashioned forms and material, or invoking venerated founders. Often shaped as pendants, they seem to be arranged for display.
La vitalité du décor : Fiske Kimball, du rococo au Colonial Revival
Authors: Bédard Jean-François
Published: January 2020

In 1943, the American historian of architecture Fiske Kimball (1888 – 1955) published The Creation of the Rococo, a milestone in the study of this movement. Thanks to a close examination of archival documents and drawings, Kimball sought to trace ‘objectively’ the evolution of the rocaille. Despite his claims to scholarly neutrality, however, Kimball multiplied value judgments in his writings. For Kimball, the rococo exhibited “vitality”, a quality he also found in the classical-inspired buildings of colonial America. Like other members of the conservative establishment, Kimball promoted these – and, more generally, the work of American Renaissance architects – as the only legitimate forms of contemporary architecture. The ‘vitality’ of Kimball’s rococo thus matched the one Anglo-Protestant elites celebrated in the Colonial Revival, a style they espoused to combat the ‘impurity’ of cosmopolitan Modernism.
Rococo et fugacité du regard :émergence et modifications de la notion de ‹ papillotage ›
Authors: Poulain Bérangère
Published: January 2020

The word ‘papillotage’ was introduced into art discourse by Roger de Piles in the late seventeenth century. Then, and throughout the eighteenth century, the term referred to an unpleasant physiological effect on the eye (a flickering effect) created by a disordered pictorial composition or insufficient contrast between colors. From the mid-eighteenth century, however, the term acquired a second and vaguer meaning in the context of moralistic and critical discourses. Essentially, the term became synonymous with superficiality, instability, and frivolity. Used in diatribes against voluptuous paintings, ‘papillotage’ reflected an ideological posture. A similar use of the term is evident in historiographical discourses characterizing Rococo art.
Ein Herz für die Heimat – der Doge Francesco Erizzo († 1646) und das zentrale Organ der Republik Venedig in San Marco
Authors: Ostermann Judith
Published: January 2020

In agreement with the last will of Doge Francesco Erizzo (†  1646), his heart was buried in San Marco, the political and religious center of the Serenissima, next to the high altar and thus ad sanctos to the relics of Venice’s patron saint. This unprecedented privilege not only disrupted the city’s restrictive policies concerning public monuments, but her republican ideals in general. Due to the significance of the heart in Christian eschatological thinking and corporal state doctrines his burial elevated Erizzo to the status of an absolute ruler threatening the Republic’s sacred constitution. In Venice, however, individual and public interests were closely intertwined. This study therefore analyzes the heart burial in the context of Erizzo’s self-fashioning, Venetian state ideology, devotional practices, and collective memory.
Marienbild und Militanz in Friedrich Schillers Die Jungfrau von Orleans. Longue durée, Nachleben und Aktualisierung barockkatholischer Schlagbilder im Zeitalter der Revolutionskriege
Authors: Port Ulrich
Published: January 2020

This essay demonstrates how Baroque Catholic motifs of an aggressive and militant Virgin Mary are envisioned in Friedrich Schiller’s tragedy Die Jungfrau von Orleans – motifs which seem to be anachronistic with regard to the late medieval setting of the Joan of Arc story as well as with regard to the date of origin of Schiller’s play (1800 –1801). But precisely this anachronism can be read as a symptom of the times around 1800: namely as a return of repressed stocks of images from the age of confessionalization which gained explosive force for different reasons in the first decade after the French Revolution. In the eighteenth century these visual and verbal images of the Virgin Mary had only been cultivated by late Baroque church art and within a popular religious longue durée, which had been criticized and neutralized by enlightened Catholicism and which had been attacked by revolutionary iconoclasm. At the turn of the century, they started a peculiar Nachleben and were – in the sense of Aby Warburg’s Revenants – remembered again, being reactivated and refreshed as Schlagbilder.
Verdrängte Orte und einverleibte Bilder Die Antropofagia-Bewegung im Spiegel transregionaler Bilderwanderungen
Authors: Bader Lena
Published: January 2020

This article proposes to consider the Brazilian art movement Antropofagia in the context of transcultural global modernism. Strongly connected to Paris during the 1920s and 1930s, the modernist movement that came to define Brazilian art was situated among clichéd colonial exhibitions and international artistic movements. With its striking background, the movement proves to be a very interesting contrast to Warburg’s Mnemosyne-Atlas. While both projects – from an emancipatory perspective – were formed as a ‘community of memory’, their different contexts of genesis did not make them equally susceptible to transregional experiences.
How to Succeed in Marketing Something Repulsive: A Recently Discovered Drawing of a Yogi by Willem Schellinks (1623– 1678)
Authors: Forberg Corinna , Scheurleer Pauline Lunsingh
Published: January 2020

In seventeenth-century Dutch paintings, ascetics are a rare and remarkable subject, even more so when they are Hindu ascetics. The drawing of a yogi created by Rembrandt’s contemporary Willem Schellinks (1623– 1678) is unique for this reason. This article investigates the various possible sources of Schellinks’ drawing – an eyewitness report, the many travel accounts on South Asia, Indian miniatures, or the like – and discusses its place between the European tradition of exoticism and the iconography of saints, as well as its position in Schellinks’ own oeuvre. Far from resorting to exotic stereotypes, Schellinks enlarged the canon of Dutch painting by combining observed foreign objects with established exotic motifs.