bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac output and regional‐cerebral‐oxygen‐saturation in preterm neonates during immediate postnatal transition: An observational study
Authors: Pfurtscheller Daniel , Wolfsberger Christina H. , Höller Nina , Schwaberger Bernhard , Mileder Lukas P. , Baik‐Schneditz Nariae , Urlesberger Berndt , Schmölzer Georg M. , Pichler Gerhard
Published: March 2023

Aim

To examine potential correlations between cardiac output (CO) with cerebral‐regional‐oxygen‐saturation (crSO2) and cerebral‐fractional‐tissue‐oxygen‐extraction (cFTOE) during immediate foetal‐to‐neonatal transition in term and preterm neonates with and without respiratory support.

Methods

Post hoc analyses of secondary outcome parameters of prospective observational studies were performed. We included neonates with cerebral near‐infrared‐spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring and an oscillometric blood pressure measurement at minute 15 after birth. Heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored. CO was calculated with Liljestrand and Zander formula and correlated with crSO2 and cFTOE.

Results

Seventy‐nine preterm neonates and 207 term neonates with NIRS measurements and calculated CO were included. In 59 preterm neonates (mean gestational age (GA): 29.4 ± 3.7 weeks) with respiratory support, CO correlated significantly positively with crSO2 and significantly negatively with cFTOE. In 20 preterm neonates (GA 34.9 ± 1.3 weeks) without respiratory support and in 207 term neonates with and without respiratory support, CO correlated neither with crSO2 nor with cFTOE.

Conclusion

In compromised preterm neonates with lower gestational age and in need of respiratory support, CO was associated with crSO2 and cFTOE, whereas in stable preterm neonates with higher gestational age as well as in term neonates with and without respiratory support, no associations were observed.
Building connections through play: Influences on children's connected talk with peers
Authors: Goodacre Emily J. , Fink Elian , Ramchandani Paul , Gibson Jenny L.
Published: March 2023

Effective reciprocal communication is a vital component in forming and maintaining social relationships. Peer social play may provide a particularly important context for communicative skill development, as sophisticated negotiation and exchange are required to coordinate play. We focus on connectedness, a property of conversation referring to the topical relation between speakers' turns, to understand how partners coordinate ideas to build a shared play experience. The present study uses a longitudinal secondary analysis approach to drive forward our understanding of the individual and shared influences that contribute to connectedness during peer social play. Using data from a three‐wave, longitudinal study of children's play and social relationships during the first 3 years of school in the United Kingdom (https://osf.io/3p4q8/), we coded connectedness from transcripts of video observations of 148 children playing in pairs at wave three (mean age 6.79 years) and model individual differences in language ability, theory of mind, and emotion comprehension from all three waves as potential predictors of connectedness. Our results show substantial dyadic effects on connectedness, but individual differences in socio‐cognitive measures were not significant predictors of connectedness. These findings indicate the importance of dyadic and partner effects in children's social interactions and implicate the dyad as an essential focus for future research.
Event‐related potential and behavioural evidence of goal‐based expectations for consistent actions among group members
Authors: Yin Jun , Zhou Dan , Ai Danfeng , Sun Hongli , Duan Jipeng , Sun Zhongqiang , Guo Xiuyan
Published: March 2023

Placeholder Text

People expect group members to act consistently. However, because actions are organized hierarchically, incorporating deep‐level goals and shallow‐level movements, it remains unclear what level of action is expected to be consistent among group members. We determined that these two levels of action representations can be dissociated in object‐directed actions and measured the late positive potential (LPP), which indicates expectation. We found that participants identified a new agent's actions more quickly when this agent pursued a consistent goal while moving in a manner inconsistent with group members than when this agent pursued an inconsistent goal while moving in the same manner as group members. Moreover, this facilitation effect disappeared when the new agent was from a different group, revealing goal‐based expectations for consistent actions among group members. The LPP amplitude during the action‐expectation phase was greater for agents from the same group than for agents from a different group, suggesting that people implicitly generate clearer action expectations for group members than for other individuals. Additionally, the behavioural facilitation effect was observed when the goal of actions was clearly identifiable (i.e. performing rational actions to reach an external target) rather than when there was no clear association between actions and external targets (i.e. performing irrational actions). The LPP amplitude during the action‐expectation phase was greater after observing rational actions than after observing irrational actions performed by two agents from the same group, and the expectation‐related increase in LPP predicted the behavioural measurements of the facilitation effect. Hence, the behavioural and event‐related potential evidence suggest that people implicitly expect group members to behave consistently according to goals rather than movements per se.
Muscle pathology of antisynthetase syndrome according to antibody subtypes
Authors: Tanboon Jantima , Inoue Michio , Hirakawa Shinya , Tachimori Hisateru , Hayashi Shinichiro , Noguchi Satoru , Okiyama Naoko , Fujimoto Manabu , Suzuki Shigeaki , Nishino Ichizo
Published: March 2023

Identification of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) could be challenging due to inaccessibility and technical difficulty of the serology test for the less common non‐Jo‐1 antibodies. This study aimed to describe ASS antibody‐specific myopathology and evaluate the diagnostic utility of myofiber HLA‐DR expression. We reviewed 212 ASS muscle biopsies and compared myopathologic features among subtypes. Additionally, we compared their HLA‐DR staining pattern with 602 non‐ASS myositis and 140 genetically confirmed myopathies known to have an inflammatory component. We used t‐test and Fisher's exact for comparisons and used sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values to assess the utility of HLA‐DR expression for ASS diagnosis. RNAseq performed from a subset of myositis cases and histologically normal muscle biopsies was used to evaluate interferon (IFN)‐signaling pathway‐related genes. Anti‐OJ ASS showed prominent myopathology with higher scores in muscle fiber (4.6 ± 2.0 vs. 2.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.001) and inflammatory domains (6.8 ± 3.2 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9, p  = 0.006) than non‐OJ ASS. HLA‐DR expression and IFN‐γ‐related genes upregulation were prominent in ASS and inclusion body myositis (IBM). When dermatomyositis and IBM were excluded, HLA‐DR expression was 95.4% specific and 61.2% sensitive for ASS with a positive predictive value of 85.9% and a negative predictive value of 84.2%; perifascicular HLA‐DR pattern is common in anti‐Jo‐1 ASS than non‐Jo‐1 ASS (63.1% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.0001). In the appropriate clinicopathological context, myofiber HLA‐DR expression help support ASS diagnosis. The presence of HLA‐DR expression suggests involvement of IFN‐γ in the pathogenesis of ASS, though the detailed mechanisms have yet to be elucidated.
MicroRNA‐128 suppresses tau phosphorylation and reduces amyloid‐beta accumulation by inhibiting the expression of GSK3β, APPBP2, and mTOR in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Siwen , Poon Chi Him , Zhang Zhigang , Yue Ming , Chen Ruijun , Zhang Yalun , Hossain Md. Farhad , Pan Yining , Zhao Jun , Rong Lei , Chu Leung Wing , Shea Yat Fung , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Tu Jie , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Lim Lee Wei , Song You‐Qiang
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aims

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptides. Recent studies have shown that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in AD, and modulation of these miRNAs can influence the development of tau and Aβ pathology. The brain‐specific miRNA miR‐128, encoded by MIR128‐1 and MIR128‐2, is important for brain development and dysregulated in AD. In this study, the role of miR‐128 in tau and Aβ pathology as well as the regulatory mechanism underlying its dysregulation were investigated.

Methods

The effect of miR‐128 on tau phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation was examined in AD cellular models through miR‐128 overexpression and inhibition. The therapeutic potential of miR‐128 in AD mouse model was assessed by comparing phenotypes of 5XFAD mice administered with miR‐128‐expressing AAVs with 5XFAD mice administered with control AAVs. Phenotypes examined included behavior, plaque load, and protein expression. The regulatory factor of miR‐128 transcription was identified through luciferase reporter assay and validated by siRNA knockdown and ChIP analysis.

Results

Both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies in AD cellular models reveal that miR‐128 represses tau phosphorylation and Aβ secretion. Subsequent investigations show that miR‐128 directly inhibits the expression of tau phosphorylation kinase GSK3β and Aβ modulators APPBP2 and mTOR. Upregulation of miR‐128 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice ameliorates learning and memory impairments, decreases plaque deposition, and enhances autophagic flux. We further demonstrated that C/EBPα transactivates MIR128‐1 transcription, while both C/EBPα and miR‐128 expression are inhibited by Aβ.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that miR‐128 suppresses AD pathogenesis, and could be a promising therapeutic target for AD. We also find a possible mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miR‐128 in AD, in which Aβ reduces miR‐128 expression by inhibiting C/EBPα.
Comparison of two distinct needle tip positions in pulsed radiofrequency for herpes zoster‐related pain
Authors: Li Shao‐jun , Feng Dan
Published: March 2023

Background

Herpes zoster (HZ)‐related pain, characterized by chronic and persistent pain with a dermatomal distribution, is a relatively common complication of HZ. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) can effectively relieve HZ‐related pain. There is no study on the effect of the needle tip position in patients with HZ for PRF treatment. This prospective study was conducted to compare two distinct needle tip positions in PRF for HZ‐related pain.

Methods

Seventy‐one patients suffering from HZ‐related pain were enrolled in this study. According to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) position and needle tip position, patients were randomly allocated to the IP group (group inside of the pedicle, n = 36) and OP group (group outside of the pedicle, n = 35). Quality of life and pain control were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS) and activities of daily living questionnaires (including 7 items: general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life), which were administered before therapy and at intervals of 1, 7, 30, and 90 days after therapy.

Results

Before therapy, the mean pain score was found to be 6.03 ± 0.45 in the IP group and 6.00 ± 0.65 in the OP group (p = 0.555). No significant differences were found when the two groups were compared at 1 and 7 days after therapy (p > 0.05). But, the pain score was significantly lower in the IP group at 30 days (1.78 ± 1.31 vs. 2.77 ± 1.31, p = 0.006) and 90 days of follow‐up (1.29 ± 1.19 vs. 2.15 ± 1.74, p = 0.041). Significant differences between the two groups in terms of general activity (2.39 ± 0.87 vs. 2.86 ± 0.77, p = 0.035), mood (1.97 ± 1.65 vs. 2.86 ± 1.50, p = 0.021), relations with other people (1.94 ± 0.92 vs. 2.51 ± 1.22, p = 0.037), sleep (1.64 ± 1.44 vs. 2.97 ± 1.44, p < 0.001), and enjoyment of life (1.58 ± 1.11 vs. 2.43 ± 1.33, p = 0.004) were detected after the 30‐day follow‐up. In addition, scores for the activities of daily living were significantly lower in the IP group than that in the OP group at 90 days after therapy (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The needle tip position had an influence on the PRF treatment in patients with HZ‐related pain. Positioning the needle tip in the area between the medial and lateral edges of adjacent pedicles offered good pain relief and improved quality of life in HZ patients.
Serotonergic modulation of local network processing in V1 mirrors previously reported signatures of local network modulation by spatial attention
Authors: Patel Aashay M. , Kawaguchi Katsuhisa , Seillier Lenka , Nienborg Hendrikje
Published: March 2023

Sensory processing is influenced by neuromodulators such as serotonin, thought to relay behavioural state. Recent work has shown that the modulatory effect of serotonin itself differs with the animal's behavioural state. In primates, including humans, the serotonin system is anatomically important in the primary visual cortex (V1). We previously reported that in awake fixating macaques, serotonin reduces the spiking activity by decreasing response gain in V1. But the effect of serotonin on the local network is unknown. Here, we simultaneously recorded single‐unit activity and local field potentials (LFPs) while iontophoretically applying serotonin in V1 of alert monkeys fixating on a video screen for juice rewards. The reduction in spiking response we observed previously is the opposite of the known increase of spiking activity with spatial attention. Conversely, in the local network (LFP), the application of serotonin resulted in changes mirroring the local network effects of previous reports in macaques directing spatial attention to the receptive field. It reduced the LFP power and the spike–field coherence, and the LFP became less predictive of spiking activity, consistent with reduced functional connectivity. We speculate that together, these effects may reflect the sensory side of a serotonergic contribution to quiet vigilance: The lower gain reduces the salience of stimuli to suppress an orienting reflex to novel stimuli, whereas at the network level, visual processing is in a state comparable to that of spatial attention.
An empirical analysis of linguistic styles in new work services: The case of Fiverr.com
Authors: Brunzel Johannes
Published: March 2023

Current online marketplaces, characterized by a high number of sellers and the velocity of offerings, make service differentiation difficult for sellers. One particularly promising avenue for sellers (in this study: individuals) beyond classical demand‐side approaches (i.e., prices) is to employ linguistic descriptions of their offerings. Yet, it remains mostly unclear what constitutes “successful” linguistic strategies. To elaborate on this, the current paper mines more than 2000 unique service offerings on Fiverr.com, a leading online marketplace for freelance services. By distinguishing between different service categories (i.e., hedonic and utilitarian services) and other characteristics of individual sellers (e.g., the origin of a seller), the paper analyzes the linguistic service descriptions via the Linguistic Inquirer and Word Counts (LIWC) and provides an empirical taxonomy of linguistic styles among individuals. Although the paper is novel and explorative, a few interesting insights can be obtained. First, there are significant linguistic differences in how sellers describe their service offerings depending on the service category (hedonic/utilitarian). Second, linguistic proxies of complexity, namely, words per sentence, six‐letter words, and the overall word count (i.e., increasing informational content) as well as signals of analytical language, appear to be a beneficial strategy for sellers. Third, a linguistic strategy aimed at matching (congruence) of service categories (hedonic/utilitarian) and linguistic styles (analytical/emotional) appears to be beneficial. The results have important implications for creating linguistic strategies in online marketplaces focused on services on the supply side.
Ephemeral who? Evidence from the reconversion process implemented by Italian fashion companies in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vecchi Alessandra , Colucci Mariachiara
Published: March 2023

The paper provides insights over the response of the Italian fashion companies to the pandemic between their willingness to help the country to face the emergency and their necessity to keep the business afloat. In an exploratory ethos and by relying on qualitative inductive research, the study investigates 11 fashion companies by also engaging in extensive secondary data collection at the industry level. By reconciling several theoretical lenses (i.e., strategic management, grand challenges and organizational ecology) into a systemic conceptual framework, the paper uncovers the underlying dynamics of the reconversion process by also unpacking the relevant dimensions that were leveraged by the companies to respond to the pandemic. Through the concept of adaptive resilience, the findings highlight how the Italian fashion companies were able to cope with the pandemic, with the reconversion process being implemented at the crossroads between exploring opportunities of a new (albeit often temporary) business and the exploitation of existing key resources and capabilities.
Modulation of bodily response to chill stimuli by impaired structural connectivity of the left insula: a functional and lesion quantification study in stroke patients
Authors: L. Witt , K. Klepzig , B. von Sarnowski , U. Horn , M. Domin , A. Hamm , M. Lotze
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose

The insula has important functions in monitoring and integrating physiological responses to a personal experience of multimodal input. The experience of chills in response to auditory stimuli is an important example for a relevant arousing experience coupled with bodily response. A group study about altered chill experiences in patients with insula lesions is lacking.

Methods

Twenty‐eight stroke patients with predominantly insula lesions in the chronic stage and 14 age‐matched controls were investigated using chill stimuli of both valences (music, harsh sounds). Group differences were analyzed in subjective chill reports, associated bodily responses (skin conductance response), lesion mapping, diffusion‐weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Other neuropsychological deficits were excluded by comprehensive testing. Diffusion‐weighted imaging was quantified for four insula tracts using fractional anisotropy.

Results

The frequency of chill experiences was comparable between participant groups. However, bodily responses were decreased for the stroke group. Whereas there was no association of lesion location, a positive association was found for the skin conductance response during aversive sounds and the tract connecting anterior inferior insula and left temporal pole in the stroke group. Similarly, functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in areas hypothesized to compensate for damage was increased with bodily response.

Conclusions

A decoupling of felt arousal and bodily response after insula lesion was observed. Impaired bodily response was related to an impaired interaction of the left anterior insula and the temporal pole.
Multi‐feature gait analysis approach using deep learning in constraint‐free environment
Authors: Sethi Dimple , Prakash Chandra , Bharti Sourabh
Published: March 2023

A quantitative gait assessment system is crucial for clinical analysis and decision‐making. Such rigorous evaluation involves costly clinical setups and domain experts for observation and analysis. To circumvent such constraints, the proposed work is conducted in a markerless environment and divided into three stages: First, we prepared a markerless gait database using videos from MNIT RAMAN LABORATORY in Jaipur. Second, we adapt the skeletal landmark data to generate kinematic gait characteristics comparable to gold‐standard marker‐based techniques. We provide a novel set of parameters based on video sequences and spatiotemporal and sagittal kinematic parameters to optimize accuracy and reliability. Third, we develop multi‐feature based gait analysis, an ensemble model based on Convolutional Neural Networks + LSTM (Long‐Short Term Memory), for gait classification. In addition, we deployed transfer learning models to correlate with our ensemble model. The findings indicate that gait analysis can be used successfully in a low‐cost clinical gait monitoring system in a constraint‐free environment. While considering the multiple gait variables, our proposed model attained an accuracy of 95.3%. Our model for quantifying gait analysis will improve access to quantitative gait analysis in clinics and rehabilitation centers and enable researchers to conduct large‐scale studies for gait‐related disorders.
The importance of frailty assessment in multiple myeloma: a position statement from the Myeloma Scientific Advisory Group to Myeloma Australia
Authors: Sim Shirlene , Kalff Anna , Tuch Gina , Mollee Peter , Ho P. Joy , Harrison Simon , Gibbs Simon , Prince H. Miles , Spencer Andrew , Joshua Douglas , Lee Cindy , Ling Silvia , Murphy Nick , Szabo Ferenc , Szer Jeff , Weber Nicholas , Ward Christopher , Talaulikar Dipti , Zannettino Andrew , Quach Hang
Published: March 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of older people, yet factors relating to comorbidity and frailty may threaten treatment tolerability for many of this heterogenous group. There has been increasing interest in defining specific and clinically relevant frailty assessment tools within the MM population, with the goal of using these frailty scores, not just as a prognostic instrument, but also as a predictive tool to allow for a frailty‐adapted treatment approach. This paper reviews the various frailty assessment frameworks used in the evaluation of patients with MM, including the International Myeloma Working Group Frailty Index (IMWG‐FI), the Mayo Frailty Index and the simplified frailty scale. While the IMWG‐FI remains the most widely accepted tool, the simplified frailty scale is the most user‐friendly in busy day‐to‐day clinics based on its ease of use. This paper summarises the recommendations from the Myeloma Scientific Advisory Group (MSAG) of Myeloma Australia, on the use of frailty assessment tools in clinical practice and proposes a frailty‐stratified treatment algorithm to aid clinicians in tailoring therapy for this highly heterogeneous patient population.
RETRACTED: Wound dehiscence in enhanced recovery after open radical cystectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xue Guojun , Liu Yunbo , Ji Xuhui , Zhang Haiyun
Published: March 2023

A meta‐analysis study to assess the outcome of enhanced recovery (ER) after radical cystectomy (RC) on wound dehiscence was performed. A comprehensive literature examination till January 2023 was implemented and 1457 linked studies were appraised. The picked studies contained 772 open RC subjects in the picked studies' baseline, 436 of them were enhanced recovery after RC, and 336 were open RC. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of enhanced recovery after RC on wound dehiscence after open RC by the dichotomous styles and a fixed or random model. The ER after RC caused significantly lower wound dehiscence (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.89, P = .02) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 46%) compared with open RC. The ER after RC caused significantly lower wound dehiscence compared with open RC. Thorough precaution should be taken when commerce with the consequences because a limited number of studies were found and selected for this meta‐analysis.
Genetic diversity of Toll‐like receptor 9 in swamp eels (Monopterus albus)
Authors: Huo Caifei , Tian Haifeng , Rao Han , Zeng Bo , Li Debing , Li Zhong , Li Yan
Published: March 2023

The swamp eel, Monopterus albus, is an important aquaculture species in Asia (mainly China) whose production has seriously suffered from infectious diseases. In spite of the critical requirement for aquaculture practices, to date there is scant information on its immune defence. Here, the genetic characteristics of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9), which plays crucial roles in the initiation of host defence against microbial invasion, were analysed. It exhibits a striking lack of genetic variation resulting from a recent demographic bottleneck. A comparison with the homologue of M. javanensis revealed that replacement but not silent differences have nonrandomly accumulated in the coding sequences at the early stage following their split from a common ancestor. Furthermore, the replacements relevant to the type II functional divergence have mainly occurred in structural motifs mediating ligand recognition and receptor homodimerization. These results provide hints to understand the diversity‐based strategy of TLR9 in the arms race against pathogens. Furthermore, the findings reported here give credence to the importance of basic immunology knowledge, especially for the key elements, in genetic engineering and breeding for disease resistance in the eel and other fishes.
Comparing otolith shape descriptors for population structure inferences in a small pelagic fish, the European sardineSardina pilchardus(Walbaum, 1792)
Authors: Neves João , Veríssimo Ana , Múrias Santos António , Garrido Susana
Published: March 2023

Otolith shape analysis has been one of the most used approaches to study population structure in the past decades. Currently, two sets of shape descriptors are used to perform otolith shape analysis, namely, Elliptic Fourier descriptor (EFd), which focuses on the overall otolith shape differences, and Discrete Wavelet descriptor (DWd), which is sensible to local differences along the otolith contour. Here, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of both the descriptors in reconstructing the population structure and connectivity patterns in a small pelagic fish species with a wide geographical distribution and fast growth rate, the European sardineSardina pilchardus(Walbaum, 1792), for the first time. A combination of each otolith shape descriptor and shape indices was explored using multivariate statistical methods. The two otolith shape descriptors showed similar, although limited, overall classification success associated with the population dynamic characteristics of the species. Both descriptors point to migration among adjacent areas, such as northern Atlantic locations, eastern Mediterranean and even across well‐defined physical obstacles, such as the Strait of Gibraltar, among Atlantic and western Mediterranean locations. Both descriptors supported the division of the populations of Mediterranean waters into three main groups but slightly differed in the group limits of the Atlantic waters. A comparison of the present results with those from previous otolith shape analysis studies using EFd on a decadal time scale revealed differences in the population structure and connectivity patterns compared to the earlier period. These differences not only may be attributed to changes in environmental variables leading to changes in population dynamics but can also be the result of the sardine biomass sharp decrease that occurred in the past decade.
Serum leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein and calprotectin in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Yasuda Ryosuke , Arai Katsuhiro , Kudo Takahiro , Nambu Ryusuke , Aomatsu Tomoki , Abe Naoki , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Hashimoto Kunio , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Michiko , Etani Yuri , Kato Ken , Yamashita Yushiro , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Mizuochi Tatsuki
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Serum leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG) and calprotectin have been studied as disease activity markers in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated them in pediatric IBD patients.

Methods

Subjects under 17 years old undergoing care at 11 Japanese pediatric centers were retrospectively assigned to 3 groups representing Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and normal controls (NC) with irritable bowel syndrome or no illness. Serum LRG and calprotectin were measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results

We enrolled 173 subjects, including 74 with CD, 77 with UC, and 22 NC. Serum LRG concentrations in active CD (median, 200 μg/mL) were significantly greater than in remission (81 μg/mL; P < 0.001) or NC (69 μg/mL; P < 0.001). Serum calprotectin concentrations in active CD (2941 ng/mL) also were significantly greater than in remission (962 ng/mL; P < 0.05) or NC (872 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Serum LRG concentrations in active UC (134 μg/mL) were significantly greater than in remission (65 μg/mL; P < 0.01) but not significantly greater than in NC (69 μg/mL); serum calprotectin concentrations in active UC (1058 ng/mL) were not significantly different from those in remission (671 ng/mL) or NC (872 ng/mL). In receiver operating characteristic analyses of LRG, calprotectin, C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for ability to distinguish active IBD from remission, CD and UC showed areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for LRG (0.77 and 0.70, respectively), exceeding those for calprotectin, C‐reactive protein, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Conclusions

In pediatric IBD, serum LRG may better reflect disease activity than serum calprotectin, particularly in CD.
The dynamic and iterative pre‐dispute phase: the transformation from a justiciable problem into a legal dispute
Authors: OLESEN ANNETTE , HAMMERSLEV OLE
Published: March 2023

The pre‐dispute phase, during which justiciable problems may or may not emerge and transform into legal cases, is complex. Based on a meta‐ethnography of 572 articles, all of which apply or refer to Felstiner et al.’s pioneering linear framework of naming, blaming, and claiming, we analysed the many sorting mechanisms that are at play in the pre‐dispute phase. We identified the institutional, political, cultural, and legal environments of various action arenas and the involvement of negotiating audiences as particularly important elements. Moreover, we found that the injured party's experiences and handling of a justiciable problem do not necessarily follow a predetermined chronology. Rather, we suggest that the process is dynamic and iterative, where the justiciable problem is repeatedly (re)named, (re)blamed, and (re)claimed, before it transforms into a legal case, develops in an alternative direction, or remains unchanged.
Combined Alport syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and Fanconi syndrome in a Chinese boy
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Wang Fang , Xiao Huijie
Published: March 2023

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive renal disease characterized by hematuria and progressive renal failure. X‐linked dominant (XLAS) is the major inheritance form, accounting for almost 80% of the cases, caused by mutations in COL4A5 genes. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common genetic cause of human male gonadal dysgenesis. AS and KS are both rare disease, there are only three cases of combined AS and KS in the literatures. Fanconi syndrome (FS) caused by AS is also very rare. We report here the first case combined AS, KS and FS in a Chinese boy. We suggest that the severe renal phenotype and FS might be due to the two homozygous COL4A5 variants in our boy, and cases of AS combined KS will be good research objects for X chromosome inactivation.
Association between relative peripheral refraction and corresponding electro‐retinal signals
Authors: Gupta Satish Kumar , Chakraborty Ranjay , Verkicharla Pavan Kumar
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Considering the potential role of the peripheral retina in refractive development and given that peripheral refraction varies significantly with increasing eccentricity from the fovea, we investigated the association between relative peripheral refraction (RPR) and corresponding relative peripheral multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses (electro‐retinal signals) from the central to the peripheral retina in young adults.

Methods

Central and peripheral refraction using an open‐field autorefractor and mfERG responses using an electrophysiology stimulator were recorded from the right eyes of 17 non‐myopes and 24 myopes aged 20–27 years. The relative mfERG N1, P1 and N2 components (amplitude density and implicit time) of a mfERG waveform were compared with the corresponding RPR measurements at the best‐matched eccentricities along the principal meridians, that is at the fovea (0°), horizontal (±5°, ±10° and ± 25°) and vertical meridians (±10° and ± 15°).

Results

The mean absolute mfERG N1, P1 and N2 amplitude densities (nV/deg2) were maximum at the fovea in both non‐myopes (N1: 57.29 ± 14.70 nV/deg2, P1: 106.29 ± 24.46 nV/deg2, N2: 116.41 ± 27.96 nV/deg2) and myopes (N1: 56.25 ± 15.79 nV/deg2, P1: 100.79 ± 30.81 nV/deg2, N2: 105.75 ± 37.91 nV/deg2), which significantly reduced with increasing retinal eccentricity (p < 0.01). No significant association was reported between the RPR and corresponding relative mfERG amplitudes at each retinal eccentricity (overall Pearson's correlation, r = −0.25 to 0.26, p ≥ 0.09). In addition, the presence of relative peripheral myopia or hyperopia at extreme peripheral retinal eccentricities did not differentially influence the corresponding relative peripheral mfERG amplitudes (p ≥ 0.24).

Conclusions

Relative peripheral mfERG signals are not associated with corresponding RPR in young adults. It is plausible that the electro‐retinal signals may respond to the presence of absolute hyperopia (and not relative peripheral hyperopia), which requires further investigation.
Dual use of breeding stallions is possible without affecting the sperm quality
Authors: Hensel Britta , Jakop Ulrike , Schmicke Marion , Schröter Filip , Jung Markus , Schulze Martin
Published: March 2023

Artificial insemination (AI) is commonly used in the equine industry to enhance the genetic value in breeding programs and to effectively utilize ejaculates. Many stallions are used as breeding stallions as well as in high‐level sports competitions to improve their market value. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether this dual use of stallions influences the animals´ stress levels and/or the quality of their ejaculates. For this purpose, 18 stallions were grouped into two categories: breeding stallions with (BSC = breeding stallion competition), and breeding stallions without secondary use in competitions (BS = breeding stallion). Two ejaculates were collected at a one‐week interval and analysed with an extended spectrum of spermatological methods. Furthermore, saliva, as well as seminal plasma samples were taken, and the concentration of cortisol therein was determined. Additionally, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the cortisol/DHEA ratio were analysed and calculated for seminal plasma. After statistical analysis of the correlations and interdependences between the two groups, the results showed that the BSC group had significantly higher saliva cortisol levels (p = .027) and tendentially higher DHEA concentrations in their seminal plasma (p = .056). No difference between BS and BSC could be found in regard to the sperm quality parameters and the cortisol concentration in seminal plasma samples. It can be concluded that while active participation in competitions represents a stress factor, the dual use of stallions in breeding programs and sports competitions is possible without negative effects on their sperm quality.
Orexin system in buffalo ovarian follicles and effect of orexin on oestradiol production
Authors: Sardar Vikas M. , Gupta Mahesh , Korde Jayant P. , Bahiram Krushna B. , Bonde Sachin W.
Published: March 2023

Orexin is a ligand for orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R; it is a neuropeptide with pleiotropic functions, including regulation of reproduction. The current study was carried out to investigate the mRNA expression of the prepro‐orexin gene (PPO) and orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) in ovarian follicles during different stages of their development in the ovary of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and to determine the role of orexin on oestradiol production. Ovarian follicles were classified into four groups based on size and oestradiol (E2) level in the follicular fluid (FF) as follows: (i) small or F1, (ii) medium or F2, (iii) large or F3, and (iv) dominant/pre‐ovulatory follicle or F4. In follicles, the mRNA expression of PPO and OX1R was greater in F3 and F4 follicles in granulosa cells (GC) and theca interna (TI) cells. OX2R expression did not vary among the different follicular stages in GC. Orexin‐A and orexin receptors were localized in the cytoplasm of GC and TI, and intensity was higher in F3 and F4 follicles. In addition, we cultured GC and treated them at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 ng/mL orexin‐A alone or in the presence of FSH (30 ng/mL) or IGF‐I (10 ng/mL) for 48 h. There was a significant (p < .05) increase in oestradiol (E2) secretion and cytochrome P0450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) expression from GC at 1.0 and 10.0 ng/mL orexin‐A in the presence of 30 ng/mL follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) or 10 ng/mL insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that the orexin system is expressed in buffalo ovarian follicles, and orexin‐A in the presence of FSH and IGF‐I has a stimulatory effect on oestradiol secretion from the GC of water buffalo.
Pelvic limb anesthesia and analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO): A survey of board‐certified anesthesiologists
Authors: Parker Lindsay A. , Bukoski Alex D. , Zelaya‐Nunez Cristopher , Dodam John R. , Varner Kelley M. , Torres Bryan T.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To report the locoregional anesthesia and analgesia preferences of veterinary anesthesiologists for use in dogs undergoing a TPLO and determine any association with specialty college, time from board‐certification, or employment sector.

Study design

Cross sectional study.

Sample population

Diplomates of the American (ACVAA) and European (ECVAA) Colleges of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Methods

An electronic survey was distributed to diplomates and responses were used to determine associations between preferred methods.

Results

The survey response rate was 28% (141/500) with 69% (97/141) of ACVAA diplomates and 31% of diplomates with ECVAA (44/141) certification. Peripheral nerve block (PNB) was preferred by 79% (111/141) of all diplomates, lumbosacral epidural (LE) by 21% (29/141), and peri‐incisional infiltration (PI) by <1% (1/141). There was no association (p = .283) with specialty college. There was an association (p < .001) with time from board‐certification with increased preference for LE when >10‐years from certification and PI preferred by only those board‐certified >20‐years ago. There was an association with employment sector (p = .003) with more academic diplomates preferring LE. Anesthesiologists reported that treatment decisions were affected by various factors including time pressure and surgeon influence.

Conclusion

Diplomates of ACVAA and ECVAA prefer PNB as the locoregional method of pelvic limb anesthesia in dogs undergoing TPLO. A greater percentage of newer and private practice diplomates prefer PNB while a larger percentage of senior and academic diplomates prefer LE. Decision making is multifactorial and includes perceived time pressure and surgeon influence.

Clinical significance

Veterinary anesthesiologists prefer and frequently use PNB in dogs undergoing TPLO and surgeon influence may affect their chosen treatment.
Impact of and mitigation measures for burnout in frontline healthcare workers during disasters: A mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: Alzailai Nawal , Barriball K. Louise , Xyrichis Andreas
Published: March 2023

Background

Burnout is a global concern for the healthcare community, especially following a disaster response. It is a major obstacle to providing safe and quality health care. Avoiding burnout is essential to ensuring adequate healthcare delivery and preventing psychological and physical health problems and errors among healthcare staff.

Aims

This study aimed to determine the impact of burnout on healthcare staff working on the frontline in a disaster context, including pandemics, epidemics, natural disasters, and man‐made disasters; and to identify interventions used to mitigate burnout among those healthcare professionals before, during, or after the disaster.

Method

A mixed methods systematic review was used and included a joint analysis and synthesis of data from qualitative and quantitative studies. The was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Several databases were searched, for example, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies addressed the impact of burnout in relation to disasters and highlighted the association between burnout and the physical or mental well‐being of healthcare workers, work performance, and workplace attitude and behavior. Fourteen studies focused on different burnout interventions including psychoeducational interventions, reflection and self‐care activities, and administering a pharmacological product.

Linking Evidence to Action

Stakeholders should consider reducing risk of burnout among healthcare staff as an approach to improving quality and optimizing patient care. The evidence points to reflective and self‐care interventions having a more positive effect on reducing burnout than other interventions. However, most of these interventions did not report on long‐term effects. Further research needs to be undertaken to assess not only the feasibility and effectiveness but also the sustainability of interventions targeted to mitigate burnout in healthcare workers.
Hydrogen-Induced Attractive Force Between Two Partials of Edge Dislocation in Nickel
Authors: Jinjin Guo , Yin Zhang , Dengke Chen
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen embrittlement is an important technological problem underpinning failure of many structural elements. It has been extensively investigated in the literatures; however, several open issues remain that prevent a full understanding of this phenomenon. One important issue is the uncertain knowledge of how hydrogen atoms affect the dislocation core structure. Here, by exploring the hydrogen role on the dissociated edge dislocation, we reveal that there exists an additional attractive force between two partials due to the hydrogen atmosphere, which would reduce the equilibrium separation distance. This hydrogen-induced attractive force is quantitatively estimated by means of continuum mechanics. Furthermore, molecular statics simulations also capture the hydrogen-reduced separation distance under varying hydrogen background fractions, qualitatively verifying the theoretical prediction of attractive force. These findings at the atomistic scale will inform the hydrogen embrittlement modeling and experiments, especially on the hydrogen effect on the dislocation glide, climb, dynamics strain ageing, and so on.
Integration of fundamental frequency and voice-onset-time to voicing categorization: Listeners with normal hearing and bimodal hearing configurations
Authors: Buz Esteban , Dwyer Nichole C. , Lai Wei , Watson Duane G. , Gifford René H.
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the integration of word-initial fundamental frequency (F0) and voice-onset-time (VOT) in stop voicing categorization for adult listeners with normal hearing (NH) and unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients utilizing a bimodal hearing configuration [CI + contralateral hearing aid (HA)]. Categorization was assessed for ten adults with NH and ten adult bimodal listeners, using synthesized consonant stimuli interpolating between /ba/ and /pa/ exemplars with five-step VOT and F0 conditions. All participants demonstrated the expected categorization pattern by reporting /ba/ for shorter VOTs and /pa/ for longer VOTs, with NH listeners showing more use of VOT as a voicing cue than CI listeners in general. When VOT becomes ambiguous between voiced and voiceless stops, NH users make more use of F0 as a cue to voicing than CI listeners, and CI listeners showed greater utilization of initial F0 during voicing identification in their bimodal (CI + HA) condition than in the CI-alone condition. The results demonstrate the adjunctive benefit of acoustic hearing from the non-implanted ear for listening conditions involving spectrotemporally complex stimuli. This finding may lead to the development of a clinically feasible perceptual weighting task that could inform clinicians about bimodal efficacy and the risk-benefit profile associated with bilateral CI recommendation.
Effect of axial stresses on longitudinal guided waves in a fluid-filled pipe
Authors: Liu Jinxia , Li Ziyue , Cui Zhiwen , Fu Linna , Kundu Tribikram
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the study of the acoustic field of a fluid-filled pipe subjected to axial stress based on the acoustoelastic theory. The pipe with applied axial stresses can be approximated as a transversely isotropic pipe, and hence, its acoustic fields can be expressed using potential functions. The velocity changes of longitudinal wave modes with applied stresses are analyzed for the pipe filled with oil by an analytical method. It was found that the longitudinal mode velocity changes almost uniformly with the applied stresses. The high speed and low frequency plateaus of longitudinal wave modes are sensitive to stress. The relationship between stress and the velocity change of the guided wave is given. The results indicate that non-destructive testing techniques using longitudinal wave modes have strong potential to identify and monitor the stress levels in pipe structures.
Hypoxic Blackout: Diagnosis, Risks, and Prevention
Authors:   Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Queensland, AU, Pearn John , Franklin Richard ,   James Cook University, Peden Amy ,   Royal Life Saving Society-Australia
Published: March 2023

Hypoxic blackout, also called underwater blackout syndrome, is a distinct and preventable cause of drowning. The sudden and unexpected death of a young, fit swimmer or diver, almost always male, necessitates the consideration of a differential diagnosis which includes four syndromes—preexistent cardiac dis- ease, electrical conduction abnormalities, epilepsy, and hypoxic blackout. The pathophysiology of hypoxic blackout (overriding the carbon dioxide sensor by presubmersion hyperventilation) may be induced by autonomic conflict between cold shock diving reflexes in certain predisposed individuals. Death occurs in both public and private swimming pools and in the sea, and case series include those training for underwater hockey, synchronized swimming, free diving, and playful submersion endurance challenges. The sole preventive stratagem is advocacy for awareness of risks, suitably targeted to “at risk” groups.