bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queer(ing) Language in Yi Kwangsu’sMujŏng: Sexuality, Nation, and Colonial Modernity
Authors: Textor Cindi
Published: May 2018

This article presents a queer reading of Mujŏng (Heartless, 1917) by Yi Kwangsu (1892–1950). Often touted as Korea’s first modern novel by virtue of its innovative vernacular language and concern with themes of individual subjectivity, this text illuminates the tension between the diverse modes of writing existing in precolonial Korea and the pressure to conform to a hegemonic modern form of written language. At the same time, the novel depicts a variety of romantic relationships—many outside the bounds of compliance with heteronormative notions of acceptable love—and the pressure on subjects engaged in these romances ultimately to comply with modern sexual norms. Thus the novel depicts the simultaneous constriction, in colonial context, of acceptable possibilities in the realms of language and sexuality. Nevertheless, Mujŏng also offers sites of resistance to these imperial reconfigurations. This article explores these sites, viewing the multifarious nature of the novel’s language as a form of queerness that mimics the queer sexualities presented in the course of the story. I argue that even as the politically tenable possibilities available under colonialism are diminished, the queer practices legible in Yi’s text offer the chance to forge new and empowering linguistic and sexual identities.
Visualizing and Invisibilizing the Subempire: Labor, Humanitarianism, and Popular Culture across South Korea and Southeast and South Asia
Authors: Lee Jin-kyung
Published: May 2018

This article examines five South Korean TV programs, The Age of Global Success, Love in Asia, Asia Hunter, KOICA’s Dream, and Saving Mrs. Go Bongshil, all of which belong to varied and hybrid genres such as news magazine, serialized documentary, reality show, and television drama. Due to its partially elevated status as a middlebrow medium and its ability to combine multiple functions such as entertainment, information, education, and social engineering, South Korean television is a more socially influential popular medium than its Western counterparts. I argue that South Korean popular culture, as represented by these television programs, produces, circulates, and promotes the meanings of respective nation-states (e.g., South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka) and of Asia as a bloc in relation to the region’s ongoing economic and cultural globalization. The following five aspects of South Korea’s relationship to the less developed parts of Asia emerge in the popular culture of the television medium: Southeast Asian and other Asian migrant/immigrant/off-shore labor for South Korea, and the distinct ways in which some are made visible and others invisible; popular cultural imaginings of a pan-Korean regional-global network; popular cultural production of a pan-Asian imaginary; South Korean humanitarianism and its subimperializing dimensions; and dissemination of popular culture within and outside South Korea—that is, the emergence of popular culture as a significant instrument of imaging South Korea as a subempire. I conclude by offering a couple of broad speculations on the changing and varied meanings of subempire for contemporary South Korea.
Multiculturalism as “New Enlightenment”: The Myth of Hypergamy and Social Integration inPunch
Authors: Chung Hye Seung
Published: May 2018

This article examines the commercially successful multicultural film Punch (Wan-dŭk i, Yi Han, 2011) as an example of new “enlightenment” (kaemong) cinema, one that—like its precedents in the South Korean Golden Age cinema of the 1950s and 1960s—supports the official government policy. While classic enlightenment films made during the Cold War era endorsed state-sanctioned narratives of anticommunism, modernization, and development, Punch toes the line of the South Korean government’s millennial project of multiculturalism (tamunhwa). Despite its intent to create a hopeful, affirmative message of tolerance and inclusion, Punch ironically silences the dissenting voice of a migrant bride character (played by Jasmine Lee, a Philippine-born TV personality-turned-representative in the National Assembly) who remains marginalized and peripheral in the masculine narrative wherein male bonding and mentoring reign supreme.
ZMPSTE24 missense mutations that cause progeroid diseases decrease prelamin A cleavage activity and/or protein stability
Authors: Spear Eric D. , Hsu Erh-Ting , Nie Laiyin , Carpenter Elisabeth P. , Hrycyna Christine A. , Michaelis Susan
Published: May 2018

The human zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is an integral membrane protein crucial for the final step in the biogenesis of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. After farnesylation and carboxyl methylation of its C-terminal CAAX motif, the lamin A precursor (prelamin A) undergoes proteolytic removal of its modified C-terminal 15 amino acids by ZMPSTE24. Mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 that impede this prelamin A cleavage step cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), and the related progeroid disorders mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MAD-B) and restrictive dermopathy (RD). Here, we report the development of a ‘humanized yeast system’ to assay ZMPSTE24-dependent cleavage of prelamin A and examine the eight known disease-associated ZMPSTE24 missense mutations. All mutations show diminished prelamin A processing and fall into three classes, with defects in activity, protein stability or both. Notably, some ZMPSTE24 mutants can be rescued by deleting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Doa10, involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of misfolded membrane proteins, or by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. This finding may have important therapeutic implications for some patients. We also show that ZMPSTE24-mediated prelamin A cleavage can be uncoupled from the recently discovered role of ZMPSTE24 in clearance of ER membrane translocon-clogged substrates. Together with the crystal structure of ZMPSTE24, this humanized yeast system can guide structure-function studies to uncover mechanisms of prelamin A cleavage, translocon unclogging, and membrane protein folding and stability.
In vivo aerobic metabolism of the rainbow trout gut and the effects of an acute temperature increase and stress event
Authors: Brijs Jeroen , Gräns Albin , Hjelmstedt Per , Sandblom Erik , van Nuland Nicole , Berg Charlotte , Axelsson Michael
Published: May 2018

The fish gut is responsible for numerous potentially energetically costly processes, yet, little is known about its metabolism. Here, we provide the first in vivo measurements for aerobic metabolism of the gut in a teleost fish by measuring gut blood flow, as well as arterial and portal venous oxygen content. At 10°C, gut oxygen uptake rates were 4.3±0.5 ml O2 h−1 kg−1 (∼11% of whole animal oxygen uptake). Following acute warming to 15°C, gut blood flow increased ∼3.4-fold and gut oxygen uptake rate increased ∼3.7-fold (16.0±3.3 ml O2 h−1 kg−1), now representing ∼25% of whole animal oxygen uptake. Although gut blood flow decreased following an acute stress event at 15°C, gut oxygen uptake remained unchanged due to a ∼2-fold increase in oxygen extraction. The high metabolic thermal sensitivity of the gut discovered here could have important implications on the overall aerobic capacity and performance of fish and warrants further investigations.
Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a new era in the battle against depression and suicide
Authors: Duman Ronald S.
Published: May 2018

Therapeutic medications for the treatment of depression have serious limitations, particularly delayed onset and low rates of efficacy. However, the discovery that a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, a glutamate NMDA receptor channel blocker, can produce a rapid (within hours) antidepressant response that is sustained (about 1 week), even in patients considered treatment-resistant, has invigorated the field. In addition to these remarkable actions, ketamine has proven effective for the treatment of suicidal ideation. Efforts are under way to develop ketamine-like drugs with fewer side effects as well as agents that act at other sites within the glutamate neurotransmitter system. This includes ketamine metabolites and stereoisomers, drugs that act as NMDA allosteric modulators or that block mGluR2/3 autoreceptors. In addition, targets that enhance glutamate neurotransmission or synaptic function (or both), which are essential for the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine in rodent models, are being investigated; examples are the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine and activators of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which is required for the actions of ketamine. The discovery of ketamine and its unique mechanisms heralds a new era with tremendous promise for the development of novel, rapid, and efficacious antidepressant medications.
Influence of global and local features on parallel object identification
Authors: Šoliūnas Alvydas
Published: May 2018

Background:The present study concerns parallel and serial processing of visual information, or more specifically, whether visual objects are identified successively or simultaneously in multiple object stimulus. Some findings in scene perception demonstrate the potential parallel processing of different sources of information in a stimulus; however, more extensive investigation is needed.

Methods:We presented one, two or three visual objects of different categories for 100 ms and afterwards asked subjects whether a specified category was present in the stimulus. We varied the number of objects, the number of categories and the type of object shape distortion (distortion of either global or local features). 

Results:The response time and accuracy data corresponded to data from a previous experiment, which demonstrated that performance efficiency mostly depends on the number of categories but not on the number of objects. Two and three objects of the same category were identified with the same accuracy and the same response time, but two objects were identified faster and more accurately than three objects if they belonged to different categories. Distortion type did not affect the pattern of performance.

Conclusions:The findings suggest the idea that objects of the same category can be identified simultaneously and that identification involves both local and global features.
Partnership Dissolution: Information and Efficiency
Authors: Khoroshilov Yuri
Published: May 2018

This paper analyses the efficiency of the Texas shootout and ½-auction partnership dissolution mechanisms when one of the partners has a chance to learn the other partner’s valuation. It shows that the efficiency of the Texas shootout mechanism positively depends on the probability of one partner successfully learning the other’s valuation while for the ½-auction mechanism such a relationship is not monotonic: The outcome is efficient when the probability of observing the other partner’s signal is zero or one, but is inefficient for all intermediate values.
Operational Investment and Capital Structure Under Asset-Based Lending
Authors: Alan Yasin , Gaur Vishal
Published: May 2018

Problem definition: Banks commonly use asset-based lending (ABL) to provide loans collateralized by a borrower firm’s inventory. We study the implications of ABL by examining how banks should determine asset-based loan terms based on firms’ operational characteristics (e.g., inventory salvage value and demand uncertainty) and how firms should make inventory stocking and capital structure decisions under asset-based borrowing constraints. Academic/practical relevance: Despite its widespread use for lending to small firms and those with large inventory investments, such as retailers, ABL has not been well studied in the literature. Methodology: We analyze ABL using a stylized single-period screening game of incomplete information between a business owner and a bank. The bank offers a menu of loans, where each loan offer is characterized by an interest rate and inventory advance rate. The owner then decides the inventory level and the mix of debt and equity with which to finance the firm’s operations. Our model captures the practical features of ABL, for example, the bank does not have the full knowledge of the firm’s demand prospects, and the inventory advance rate leads to a credit limit that increases in the firm’s inventory investment. Results: We show that ABL enables the bank to mitigate information asymmetry by screening firms and thereby controlling each firm type’s order quantity and leverage. We also obtain hypotheses describing the equilibrium loan contracts, capital structure, inventory investment, and bankruptcy outcomes. For instance, leverage leads to overinvestment resulting from the equity decision being endogenous to the model. Moreover, inventory advance rates are more sensitive to firms’ operational characteristics than interest rates. Managerial implications: Our study sheds light on the operational and financial implications of ABL by demonstrating how managers should make inventory and capital structure decisions while interacting with asset-based lenders.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0670 .
The Hurricane Decision Simulator: A Tool for Marine Forces in New Orleans to Practice Operations Management in Advance of a Hurricane
Authors: Regnier Eva D. , MacKenzie Cameron A.
Published: May 2018

The U.S. Marine Forces Reserve (MFR) in New Orleans is frequently threatened by hurricanes. To protect the safety of personnel and their families while maintaining mission capability, the Commander must make timely decisions to set up an alternate headquarters and allow for an orderly evacuation. The MFR relies on forecasts from the National Hurricane Center, but these forecasts are uncertain, are updated frequently, and can be difficult to interpret in the context of the MFR’s decision timeline. In addition, there are few opportunities to learn from experience. We developed the Hurricane Decision Simulator (HDS) to allow MFR personnel to practice making preparation decisions in the context of many realistic simulated storms and forecasts, and to develop a better understanding of the decision sequence, the forecast products, and their relationship. The HDS has improved the MFR’s training and readiness for hurricane preparation operations and decision making by enabling more and better focused training and is being extended to other facilities.
The Psychoanalytic Tradition in American Law
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter surveys the long and important tradition of law and psychoanalysis in the United States beginning with the work of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., up to the mid-twentieth century. While “tradition” may seem too strong a term for the diverse collection of psychoanalytic writings carried out by legal thinkers over the course of more than a half-century, what ties this work together is a shared recognition of the unconscious depths of the human psyche and the common questions that a psychoanalytic perspective on human behavior raises for law. As this chapter details, many early- to midcentury legal thinkers and judges turned to psychoanalytic ideas for help in addressing a broad set of concerns, including the value of free speech in a democracy, the processes of judicial decision-making, degrees of criminal responsibility, and child custody. The chapter focuses on those legal thinkers in this period whose attention was captured by the unconventional, sometimes even shocking, psychoanalytic ideas about the unconscious, guilt, free will, conflict, instinctual drives, sexuality, and early childhood experience. A study of the psychoanalytic tradition in American law is essential for understanding the vital contribution that contemporary psychoanalysis can make to law today.
Conclusion
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

The conclusion to this book situates the study of law and psychoanalysis in relationship to two dominant and related trends in legal thought: the behavioral law and economics movement and liberal legal theory. Psychoanalysis joins up with but also importantly modifies the portrait of the individual drawn by these contemporary legal fields of knowledge. In relying on cognitive psychology, the behavioral law and economics movement remains wedded to the rationality paradigm, overlooking the complex dynamic workings of the unconscious and its resistance to any efforts to “debias” cognitive thinking. Relatedly, liberal legal accounts of the autonomous legal actor fail to recognize the conflicted, unstable, contingent dimension to selfhood. In alliance with more critical perspectives in feminism, critical race theory, and queer studies, a psychoanalytic perspective modifies the liberal ideal of the rational, autonomous individual by providing a thick description of the self and its relationship to the world. This chapter concludes the book by reiterating the vital relevance of psychoanalysis to law: how psychoanalysis offers the opportunity for a deep fruitful engagement between two disciplines—law and psychoanalysis—both engaged with the humanistic project of understanding how and why people think and behave the way they do.
Liberalism against Liberal Arts
Authors: Deneen Patrick J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the ways in which liberalism undermines liberal education. First, liberalism undermines education by detaching the educational enterprise itself from culture and making it an engine of anticulture. Second, liberalism undermines education by replacing a definition of liberty as an education in self-government with liberty as autonomy and the absence of constraint. Under liberalism, the liberal arts are instruments of personal liberation, an end that is consistently pursued in the humanities, in the scientific and mathematical disciplines (STEM), and in economics and business. The chapter discusses the collapse of the liberal arts in America, especially in universities, following the redefinition of liberty and argues that we need to rescue liberal education from the tentacles of liberalism.
Growth Characteristics and Wood Properties of Two Interspecific Eucalyptus Hybrids Developed in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Agung , Aiso-Sanada Haruna , Ishiguri Futoshi , Wahyudi Imam , Wijaya I. Putu G. , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to clarify the wood properties of two interspecific Eucalyptus hybrids, Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus pellita (G×P) and E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (G×U), developed in Indonesia. The growth characteristics and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were evaluated for 102 trees from three clones of the G×P hybrid and 105 trees from three clones of the G×U hybrid. Wood properties, such as basic density, shrinkage, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture, were evaluated from nine selected trees of each clone. The G×U hybrid had better tree growth and SWV compared with those of the G×P hybrid. No negative correlation coefficients were observed between growth characteristics and SWV, indicating that the selection of clones for increased wood volume does not reduce their mechanical properties. Hybridizations between E. grandis and E. pellita or E. urophylla showed that E. grandis dominated the growth characteristics with some refinements in the wood properties, especially compressive strength, in the G×P hybrid. Selection based on the superior clones for tree growth would result in higher wood productivity for timber use in these two hybrids.
Afterword
Authors: Davie Grace
Published: May 2018

This concluding chapter highlights the overall significance of the WaVE project: first, within the rapidly changing situation currently discovered in Europe; and second, within the development of a new field in European research, that is, the interconnectedness of religion and welfare, and the need to examine—both historically and sociologically—the effect of each on the other. At one level, the events of the past half-decade have undermined the relative optimism on which WaVE was based—that solutions could be found to the difficult questions facing an expanding Europe at the turn of the millennium. But at another, it has rendered the approach adopted by WaVE all the more relevant if one is to probe beneath the stereotypes presented by the media and to discover the all-too-human issues that lie beneath the headlines—issues that must be resolved at the level of everyday life in real communities the length and breadth of Europe.
Systems and lives
Authors: Cribb Alan
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores some of the things that are entailed by calls for anti-reductionism or ‘holism’ in health policy. In particular, it considers what is sometimes called the ‘social context’ of health. Many reforming currents in health policy are informed by, and draw attention to, the importance of seeing health—including clinical medicine and individual well-being—in social terms. It has, for example, become a truism in health services quality-improvement work that a realistic prospect of change depends upon ‘systems thinking’—analysing and addressing the broad range of factors that shape the practices one is hoping to improve. Systems thinking has strong resonances and overlaps with traditions in public health and health promotion which also, of course, look at health in social terms, including as something that needs addressing at a population level.
Richard Titmuss and the making of British social policy studies after the Second World War: a reappraisal
Authors: Pinker Robert
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses Richard Titmuss's role in the making of British social policy studies after World War II. He begins with his impressions of Titmuss and his early experiences, and how his thoughts on the ends and means of social policy developed to maturity. In 1950, Titmuss published Problems of Social Policy, a study of the impact of war on British civil society and the response of the social services. During that same year, he was appointed to the Chair of Social Administration at the London School of Economics. Pinker considers a number of distinctive and often controversial features that characterised Titmuss's collectivist and unitary approach to the discussion of social policy and social problems. He also talks about the ‘conditional’ as opposed to what Titmuss claims is the open-ended nature of altruism and reciprocity in everyday life by focusing on on Titmuss's 1970 book The Gift Relationship.
Challenging the Politics of Early Intervention
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind , Horsley Nicola
Published: May 2018

So often, the ills of society are blamed on negligent parenting, leading to the development of social service policies built around the concept of early intervention. Interrogating this concept, this book explores the history of our understanding of children, family, and parenting, and its implications for society. With a particular focus on the intersection of brain science and social policy, the authors challenge our long-held consensus on early intervention. Accessibly written and highly topical, this book is a comprehensive and critical assay of our contemporary belief that so-called bad parents raise substandard future citizens unfit for the new capitalism.
Rescuing the infant brain
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind , Horsley Nicola
Published: May 2018

This chapter turns to the latest diagnosis of the problem that early intervention aims to address, focusing on the quality of parenting and infant brain development. It explores how brain claims came to define and propel to the fore early intervention in how mothers bring up their children as a logical expression of social investment models of social policy. The chapter also looks at the use and misuse of developmental neuroscience and of evidence for the early years being formative, to open to question the detail of the five key biologised motifs — critical periods, maternal attunement, synaptic density, cortisol and the prefrontal cortex — that are mobilised to make the case for intervention in the parenting of young, disadvantaged and marginalised mothers.
Saving children
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind , Horsley Nicola
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how brain science and neoliberal ideas infuse and shape the understandings and practices of those working in the early years field. It considers the evangelical mission that they believe guides their work, which is to save children from the perils and consequences of inadequate parenting. It is brain science discourse that provides practitioners with what they regard as the unchallengeable ‘truth’, made visual through brain scans, which justifies their interventions and the ways that they intervene in parenting. Underlying practitioners' enthusiasm about saving children are ideas about optimising both children and mothers, and notions of intergenerational cycles of deprivations that reproduce low attachment and deficit parenting in families and localities.
Reproducing inequalities
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind , Horsley Nicola
Published: May 2018

This chapter details the ways in which social divisions and inequalities around gender, social class, race/ethnicity, and poverty are embedded and reproduced through early intervention initiatives, especially those invoking brain science. It shows how mothers are envisioned as a risky environment for their children and their outcomes, and held personally accountable for inculcating a ‘biological resistance to adversity’ in their children, able to act as protective buffers between them and harsh social conditions through practising intensive attachment. Poor working-class and minority-ethnic mothers especially are positioned as the source of individual, social, and national problems, and as the solution to them, and the chapter notes the international spread of such ideas.
Reclaiming the future: alternative visions
Authors: Gillies Val , Edwards Rosalind , Horsley Nicola
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how the misrepresentation and misinterpretation of neuroscience conceal the deeply political and moral nature of decisions about what is best for children. The current early intervention logic is rooted in simplistic notions of cause and effect, with the ends of improved human capital justifying the interventions to ensure its production. The chapter then explores potential future directions, contrasting the ‘brave new world of prevention science’ and its instrumental economic logic, with a socially just approach to increasing family income and reducing material deprivation, and more collectivist ideals of supporting families, reducing social harm, and humanely addressing the social good for its own sake.
Social Media Homicide Confessions
Authors: Yardley Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

As our interactions with others become ever more mediated by various forms of electronic communication, the relationship between crime and technology is becoming an increasingly important topic for both theoretical and practical studies of criminology. This book analyses digital communications as they play a part in contemporary homicide, drawing on a range of cases from the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the world — cases where killers confessed on social media, for example, or where their actions were traced using their digital communications. Offering a groundbreaking conceptual framework for people studying this issue, the book will be of great value to criminologists, students, and police officers.
Introduction
Authors: Ersoy Aksel
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter studies the possibilities and tensions for co-produced research practices that emerge from the collision of long-established, community-oriented research practices, an increased institutional emphasis on community co-production in academia, and the ongoing critique of the key terms of these practices. Among long-established approaches to community-oriented research scholarship, Participatory Action Research (PAR) is squarely oriented to a particular vision of social justice and community defined methods and research questions. The chapter cites various case studies about what co-production looks like and some of the challenges that arise. It opens up the field and begins to illustrate in practice what the tensions and challenges of co-production are.
Social division and resentment in the aftermath of the economic slump
Authors: Elgenius Gabriella
Published: May 2018

The text on Social Division and Resentment in the Aftermath of the Economic Slump analyses the social repercussions of the Great Recession, engulfing the rich world in a similar fashion from 2008 onwards as did the Great Depression of the 1930s. The arguments put forward in this study challenges the standard definition of the recession, the rhetoric of all, the One Nation and Big Society by highlighting the experiences of the few and the social repercussions associated with austere times. First, the definition of the recession (as two successive quarters of negative growth) fails to capture the harsh realities of those affected or the destructive social impact of austerity. Second, as the worst economic slump since the Second World War the recent economic downturn is adequately labelled the nastiest recession to date as it hit groups, already fighting socio-economic vulnerability, disproportionately, due to welfare cuts and squeezed incomes. This, alongside the unequalising trend of wealth increase relative to GDP over time and persisting hard time experiences despite signs of a recovering economy since 2014. Third, the rhetoric of being in it together appears incorrect at best and the notion of shared experiences and burdens implied by the One Nation rhetoric strays far from our material. In sum, empirical findings highlight social relations being undermined by austerity as social division, resentment and isolation follow the aftermath of the economic downturn. The most salient pattern of the material point towards resentment between those in work – resenting the benefits of those without work; and those without work on benefits resenting other sub-groups on different benefits.
Austerity and social welfare in the UK: a perspective from the advice sector
Authors: Bansil Amardeep
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the implementation of austerity measures and its impact on the advice sector and on vulnerable groups. The perspective will be examined from Amardeep Bansil’s experiences at Havering Citizens Advice and Greenwich Citizens Advice as a trainee volunteer, trustee and paid staff member. His analysis will also centre upon local and national institutional changes necessitated by the changing political landscape and its effect on service delivery, funding and the difficulties faced by the advice sector. His perspective suggests that the austerity measures, particularly the welfare benefit reforms and legal aid cuts, have had a detrimental effect on vulnerable groups, specifically the disabled. Although the austerity measures have led to increased campaigns and a greater collaboration within the advice sector, there is a desperate need for legislative and institutional reforms to safeguard vulnerable groups and improve services within the third sector.
Helping the homeless: a soup kitchen in London
Authors: Stone Martin
Published: May 2018

This chapter is about how a soup kitchen in Muswell Hill aims to help its homeless population by creating a sense of belonging to the community institution among them. The chapter shows that a sense of belonging for vulnerable people can be achieved by (1) bringing them in contact with people from a different social stratum through specific activities to create common experiences, (2) encouraging participation in the soup kitchen group, which can then be extended to other groups, and (3) helping them to develop social skills and self-confidence to confront social life more positively. Equipping vulnerable people with the right social skills and confidence that allow them to feel part of one group permits them to then seek belonging in other communities also, discovering a path to becoming yet again a fully integrated member of society.
Introduction
Authors: Oreszczyn Sue , Lane Andy
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book aims to provide more detail on research processes that involve complex environmental situations than would normally be found in publications where researchers write about their work. It also draws on experiences over time to provide insights into how methodologies and methods have evolved and developed over the years. The book's four interweaving themes are set out in its full title: (1) mapping (2) environmental sustainability: (3) reflecting on systemic practices for (4) participatory research. The remainder of the chapter explains the meaning of each of these themes and how they fit together.
Understanding and developing communities of practice through diagramming
Authors: Blackmore Chris , Foster Natalie , Collins Kevin , Ison Ray
Published: May 2018

This chapter draws on the authors' experiences over many years of research into social learning systems. The authors particularly focus on their work on communities of practice as social learning systems and reflect on their experiences of using diagramming to map and share understandings and develop knowledge, in the context of water governance and climate change. They build on a range of systemic and participatory traditions to design their research processes. Some of the authors have also taught these techniques and have developed an understanding of how skills in diagramming can be developed both for exploration and for communication. The authors therefore reflect on the effectiveness of diagramming processes for different purposes, reviewing a range of the techniques' strengths and limitations from their use in different contexts.
A worsening picture: poverty and social exclusion and disabled people
Authors: Heslop Pauline , Emerson Eric
Published: May 2018

A string of reforms over recent years has left disabled people at heightened risk of poverty and social exclusion. This chapter presents an analysis of PSE2012 data in relation to disabled people during the period 2010-2013 in the UK.The results are hard-hitting. The odds of a disabled adult being in poverty were more than three times those of a non-disabled person when risk estimates were adjusted for age and gender. The odds of disabled people being socially excluded from a range of indicators were significantly higher than for non-disabled people for each of the 11 indicators. Comparable data suggests that between 1999 and 2012 the experiences of deprivation and disadvantage for households with disabled people have considerably worsened. Disabled people now appear to be among the ‘poorest of the poor’.
Making growth inclusive: perspectives on the role of social policy in developing economies
Authors: Cook Sarah
Published: May 2018

Remaking the relationship between paid work and welfare looms as the central challenge for an inclusive growth regime. Neoliberal economic policies created a legacy of high unemployment and precarity that has not been addressed by the social investment approach with its purely supply side focus. Inclusive growth insists that paid work must underpin a sustainable welfare regime. But how can this be done given the state of current labour markets? This chapter reconsiders the paid work welfare nexus.
Why the left loses: understanding the comparative decline of the centre-left
Authors: Manwaring Rob , Kennedy Paul
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the decline of the centre-left. Since the global financial crisis, if not before, there has been a general decline in the fortunes of social democratic and labour parties. Against these recent developments, there is a long-standing literature that appraises the electoral performance and impact of the left more broadly. Much of the literature on social democracy tends to be pessimistic, and there is a plethora of research that denotes recent developments as a ‘crisis’, on the ‘back foot’, and ‘in retreat’. The chapter then sets out the aims and scope of the volume, and its contribution to understanding the comparative political decline of the centre-left. One of the deficiencies of the current literature is that it focuses almost exclusively on the family of European social democratic and labour parties. This narrow focus is missing a key part of the wider story.
The British Labour Party: back to the wilderness
Authors: Manwaring Rob , Beech Matt
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the three core elements of institutions, ideas, individuals to offer a view as to why the British Labour Party is losing. Arguably, the 2008 global financial crisis marks a new cycle for Labour's identity. It is worth reflecting that while Labour is currently losing, until the advent of New Labour, this is not a particularly new phenomenon. British Labour's post-war electoral record is patchy at best. One interpretation might be to understand Labour's electoral appeal by borrowing a concept from public policy. Labour's appeal might be to establish crucial public institutions and goods, and then be ejected from office. Relatedly, a key factor in explaining why Labour is losing, and might continue to lose, is the conservative impulse of the party.
Australian social democracy: capitalist constraints and the challenges of equality
Authors: Johnson Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at the attempts of the Australian Rudd and Gillard governments to tackle some of the issues that social democracy has faced in regard to managing capitalist economies and mitigating diverse forms of inequality. The experience of the Rudd and Gillard governments illustrates that such longer-term problems and dilemmas about how to manage a capitalist economy are not abstract ones. Indeed, they were one of the factors that contributed to the leadership instability that plagued Labor during the Rudd and Gillard years. Admittedly, other factors that contributed to that leadership included party rules that made it relatively easy to remove a Labor prime minister, sometimes legitimate concerns about both Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard's performance, by negative poll results and the relentless campaigning of an often hostile media.
Exit left: the case of Australian state Labor
Authors: Manwaring Rob
Published: May 2018

This chapter evaluates the case of Australian state (Labor) governments. It outlines four distinctive state Labor governments in Australia in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. In all cases, Labor held office for a relatively sustained period of time, before eventually losing. These state Labor governments offered a distinctive approach to governance that reshaped and renewed the trajectory of social democracy, especially in the face of neoliberal economic settings. Yet, in almost all these cases, these Labor governments were ejected from office. However, in contrast to some of the other cases in this volume, Labor has regained power in many of the state jurisdictions. So, while the Labor model of ‘strategic government’ might have passed, there might be further lessons here about how Labor can regain power.
Germany: little hope in times of crisis
Authors: Jun Uwe
Published: May 2018

This chapter addresses social democracy in Germany. For many years, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) has performed poorly at the German parliamentary (Bundestag) elections, and crucially, has been unable to puncture the dominance of the CDU/CSU (Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union). The SPD is facing a range of problems, on numerous fronts. Programmatically, the SPD lacks a vision for society that is sufficiently coherent and forward-looking to attract voters. Moreover, the SPD's credibility has declined over the last two decades largely due to a combination of its failure to implement campaign promises and the difficulties it has experienced while seeking to address its tarnished legacy of office in the periods after 1998 and 2009.
The Swedish Social Democrats and the ‘new Swedish model’: playing a losing game
Authors: Belfrage Claes , Kuisma Mikko
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the Swedish Social Democrats. After the 2006 Swedish elections, the Social Democratic Party (SAP), the ‘natural party of government’ during the construction and heyday of the famous ‘Swedish model’ in the second half of the 20th century, entered opposition for eight long years. Initially at least, some might have taken this to represent just a regular short-term slump in electoral politics. However, it could also be seen as the beginning of a long decline. The party is playing a losing game and the only way in which it can reverse its fortunes is by calling the very foundations of the ‘new Swedish model’, now ironically perhaps associated with the Conservative administration of Fredrik Reinfeldt, into question.
The dilemmas of social democracy
Authors: Kennedy Paul , Manwaring Rob
Published: May 2018

This concluding chapter details the dilemmas of social democracy. There is a strong strain throughout the social democracy literature that highlights the range of dilemmas facing the movement. These include Przeworski and Sprague's (1986) seminal work on the dilemma of electoral support. In the wider sweep of the history of socialism, there was a long-standing dilemma about how to reconcile with Marxism, and how to respond to the social changes and emergence of identity politics in the 1960s. Perhaps the most recent set of dilemmas is the synthesis of the ‘Third Way’. The chapter then suggests that a renewal of the centre-left might well rely on a more sustained effort to address the following issues: re-balancing principles and pragmatism; responding to the changing electoral sociology; meeting the populist challenge; responding to structural changes in the party system, and new forms of participation; and redesigning its political economy.
The Political Economy of the Irish Welfare State
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: May 2018

This book analyzes the changing shape of Irish society over the hundred years since the 1916 rising, arguing that there are distinctive master patterns that characterize its development of a welfare state that triangulates among church, state, and capital. The book charts the influence of social movements that resisted oppressive power structures, including the labour and feminist movements, organizations working for the rights of tenants and the homeless, survivors of institutional abuse, groups of asylum seekers and refugees, and activists for gay rights and minority and ethnic cultural rights. The tension between these groups and the more conservative institutions that have dominated Ireland raises major questions about whether an inclusive welfare state is possible in a quasi-religious society.
Liberty, gender and sexuality
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: May 2018

Modernisation produced a collision of incompatible ways of life in Ireland. The resulting ‘cultural collisions’ between local and global, modern and traditional, religious and secular, urban and rural — and most significantly personal and political — have produced a profound cultural transition, based on a search for liberty. During the 1960s and 1970s, the rise of new social movements unleashed demands for greater personal liberty in the form of a relaxation of moral codes (notably in relation to the control of sexuality), of censorship, and of restrictions on personal freedom. This chapter explores the role of new social movements as agents of change and transformation, and examines how they contributed to a more open society.
The marketisation of the welfare state
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: May 2018

This chapter seeks to unravel the Polanyian enigma of the Irish welfare state and expose the tensions between marketization and redistribution within the Irish development trajectory. Between 1987 and 2008, the Irish welfare state evolved in a fragmented way that produced increasing levels of ‘hybridity’ and ‘complexity’. Some commentators cast doubt on whether it was legitimate to speak of an Irish welfare state. Others concluded that it was a ‘failed welfare state’. At best, the pre-crash Irish welfare state was a work in progress towards a welfare productivist society driven by the overarching policy objective of economic growth.
Crisis, austerity and water
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the impact of the 2008 crash on the Irish welfare state. The 2008 crash seriously damaged Ireland's reputation. Once bracketed with Taiwan and South Korea in terms of the strength of its economy, it now found itself compared to the sick men of Europe — Portugal, Italy and Greece. A bailout was provided by the ‘troika’ of the European Commission/ International Monetary Fund/European Central Bank with penal financial conditions, which came to be popularly known as ‘austerity’. The failure of the Irish welfare state to protect children indicates social priorities that seriously deviate from the norms of international children's rights. Austerity turned these welfare deficits into a full-blown social crisis.
Social Movements and Referendums from Below
Authors: Della Porta Donatella , O'Connor Francis , Portos Martin , Subirats Ribas Anna
Published: May 2018

In recent years, social movements on the left have increasingly begun to make themselves felt in referendums. This has been seen throughout Europe: in votes regarding independence in Scotland and Catalonia, on water rights in Italy, on debt repayment in Iceland, and on the financial proposals of the troika in Greece. This book presents case studies of referendums from below and more to analyse the ways that social movements formed in the wake of the 2008 crash have affected referendums' development and outcomes. Looking at general issues of democracy, as well as the political effects of neoliberalism, this book is ideally suited to help us understand some of the issues around Brexit and will be read by a wide audience interested in social movements, referendums, and democratic innovation.
Referendums from below: some reflections
Authors: Porta Donatella della , O’Connor Francis , Portos Martín , Ribas Anna Subirats
Published: May 2018

This book has examined how referendums from below serve as opportunities that are particularly conducive to broadening participation as well as enhancing political engagement and understanding among the electorate. Using the campaigns in Scotland, Catalonia and Italy, the book has provided evidence that referendums offer social movements the chance to make a decisive contribution to issues of substantial political importance. By analyzing these movements' resource mobilisation, appropriation of opportunities, and capacity to develop resonant frames, the book has shown how movements have shaped political debates. This concluding chapter summarises the book's main ideas and contributions and considers how some of the traits and patterns identified in the Catalan, Scottish and Italian cases hold in two additional settings: the Icesave referendum in Iceland and the consultation on the Troika's ultimatum in Greece.
Critical youth and community work and its struggle with white standards
Authors: Bowler Rick
Published: May 2018

The chapter counters the dominant idea that Britain is post-racial by illuminating attempts by black and minority ethnic (BME) community and white youth workers to work with BME and white young people to encourage intercultural relationships in predominantly white spaces. It explores the changes and continuities in the British state's relationship to its own formations of racism. It does this through a reflective exploration from a youth and community work initiative arising out of a community struggle for justice located in Sunderland in the North East of England. This inner-city youth project, called Young Asian Voices (YAV), emerged in a place where the privileged status of whiteness operates as the primary marker of the everyday norm. The chapter highlights the different faces of the hostile environment that have been a continuous presence throughout YAV's 20-year history.