bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric processes of organic pollutants over a remote lake on the central Tibetan Plateau: implications for regional cycling
Authors: Ren Jiao , Wang Xiaoping , Wang Chuanfei , Gong Ping , Yao Tandong
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric processes (air–surface exchange, and atmospheric deposition and degradation) are crucial for understanding the global cycling and fate of organic pollutants (OPs). However, such assessments over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remain uncertain. More than 50 % of Chinese lakes are located on the TP, which exerts a remarkable influence on the regional water, energy, and chemical cycling. In this study, air and water samples were simultaneously collected in Nam Co, a large lake on the TP, to test whether the lake is a secondary source or sink of OPs. Lower concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were observed in the atmosphere and lake water of Nam Co, while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were relatively higher. Results of fugacity ratios and chiral signatures both suggest that the lake acted as the net sink of atmospheric hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), following their long-range transport driven by the Indian monsoon. Different behaviours were observed in the PAHs, which primarily originated from local biomass burning. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene showed volatilization from the lake to the atmosphere, while other PAHs were deposited into the lake due to the integrated deposition process (wet/dry and air–water gas deposition) and limited atmospheric degradation. As the dominant PAH compound, phenanthrene exhibited a seasonal reversal of air–water gas exchange, which was likely related to the melting of the lake ice in May. The annual input of HCHs from the air to the entire lake area (2015 km2) was estimated as 1.9 kg yr−1, while input estimated for  ∑ 15PAHs can potentially reach up to 550 kg yr−1. This study highlights the significance of PAH deposition on the regional carbon cycling in the oligotrophic lakes of the TP.
Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems
Authors: Fujiwara Masatomo , Wright Jonathon S. , Manney Gloria L. , Gray Lesley J. , Anstey James , Birner Thomas , Davis Sean , Gerber Edwin P. , Harvey V. Lynn , Hegglin Michaela I. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Knox John A. , Krüger Kirstin , Lambert Alyn , Long Craig S. , Martineau Patrick , Molod Andrea , Monge-Sanz Beatriz M. , Santee Michelle L. , Tegtmeier Susann , Chabrillat Simon , Tan David G. H. , Jackson David R. , Polavarapu Saroja , Compo Gilbert P. , Dragani Rossana , Ebisuzaki Wesley , Harada Yayoi , Kobayashi Chiaki , McCarty Will , Onogi Kazutoshi , Pawson Steven , Simmons Adrian , Wargan Krzysztof , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Zou Cheng-Zhi
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The project focuses predominantly on differences among reanalyses, although studies that include operational analyses and studies comparing reanalyses with observations are also included when appropriate. The emphasis is on diagnostics of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. This paper summarizes the motivation and goals of the S-RIP activity and extensively reviews key technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets that are the focus of this activity. The special issue The SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) in this journal serves to collect research with relevance to the S-RIP in preparation for the publication of the planned two (interim and full) S-RIP reports.
Multi-instrument comparison and compilation of non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning and implications for smoke-derived secondary organic aerosol precursors
Authors: Hatch Lindsay E. , Yokelson Robert J. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Veres Patrick R. , Simpson Isobel J. , Blake Donald R. , Orlando John J. , Barsanti Kelley C.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Multiple trace-gas instruments were deployed during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), including the first application of proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOFMS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) for laboratory biomass burning (BB) measurements. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) was also deployed, as well as whole-air sampling (WAS) with one-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. This combination of instruments provided an unprecedented level of detection and chemical speciation. The chemical composition and emission factors (EFs) determined by these four analytical techniques were compared for four representative fuels. The results demonstrate that the instruments are highly complementary, with each covering some unique and important ranges of compositional space, thus demonstrating the need for multi-instrument approaches to adequately characterize BB smoke emissions. Emission factors for overlapping compounds generally compared within experimental uncertainty, despite some outliers, including monoterpenes. Data from all measurements were synthesized into a single EF database that includes over 500 non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) to provide a comprehensive picture of speciated, gaseous BB emissions. The identified compounds were assessed as a function of volatility; 6–11 % of the total NMOG EF was associated with intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). These atmospherically relevant compounds historically have been unresolved in BB smoke measurements and thus are largely missing from emission inventories. Additionally, the identified compounds were screened for published secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields. Of the total reactive carbon (defined as EF scaled by the OH rate constant and carbon number of each compound) in the BB emissions, 55–77 % was associated with compounds for which SOA yields are unknown or understudied. The best candidates for future smog chamber experiments were identified based on the relative abundance and ubiquity of the understudied compounds, and they included furfural, 2-methyl furan, 2-furan methanol, and 1,3-cyclopentadiene. Laboratory study of these compounds will facilitate future modeling efforts.
Transport of pollution to a remote coastal site during gap flow from California's interior: impacts on aerosol composition, clouds, and radiative balance
Authors: Martin Andrew C. , Cornwell Gavin C. , Atwood Samuel A. , Moore Kathryn A. , Rothfuss Nicholas E. , Taylor Hans , DeMott Paul J. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Petters Markus D. , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. During the CalWater 2015 field campaign, ground-level observations of aerosol size, concentration, chemical composition, and cloud activity were made at Bodega Bay, CA, on the remote California coast. A strong anthropogenic influence on air quality, aerosol physicochemical properties, and cloud activity was observed at Bodega Bay during periods with special weather conditions, known as Petaluma Gap flow, in which air from California's interior is transported to the coast. This study applies a diverse set of chemical, cloud microphysical, and meteorological measurements to the Petaluma Gap flow phenomenon for the first time. It is demonstrated that the sudden and often dramatic change in aerosol properties is strongly related to regional meteorology and anthropogenically influenced chemical processes in California's Central Valley. In addition, it is demonstrated that the change in air mass properties from those typical of a remote marine environment to properties of a continental regime has the potential to impact atmospheric radiative balance and cloud formation in ways that must be accounted for in regional climate simulations.
The canopy interception–landslide initiation conundrum: insight from a tropical secondary forest in northern Thailand
Authors: Sidle Roy C. , Ziegler Alan D.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The interception and smoothing effect of forest canopies on pulses of incident rainfall and its delivery to the soil has been suggested as a factor in moderating peak pore water pressure in soil mantles, thus reducing the risk of shallow landslides. Here we provide 3 years of rainfall and throughfall data in a tropical secondary dipterocarp forest characterized by few large trees in northern Thailand, along with selected soil moisture dynamics, to address this issue. Throughfall was an estimated 88 % of rainfall, varying from 86 to 90 % in individual years. Data from 167 events demonstrate that canopy interception was only weakly associated (via a nonlinear relationship) with total event rainfall, but not significantly correlated with duration, mean intensity, or antecedent 2-day precipitation (API2). Mean interception during small events (≤  35 mm) was 17 % (n  =  135 events) compared with only 7 % for large events (> 35 mm; n  =  32). Examining small temporal intervals within the largest and highest intensity events that would potentially trigger landslides revealed complex patterns of interception. The tropical forest canopy had little smoothing effect on incident rainfall during the largest events. During events with high peak intensities, high wind speeds, and/or moderate-to-high pre-event wetting, measured throughfall was occasionally higher than rainfall during large event peaks, demonstrating limited buffering. However, in events with little wetting and low-to-moderate wind speed, early event rainfall peaks were buffered by the canopy. As rainfall continued during most large events, there was little difference between rainfall and throughfall depths. A comparison of both rainfall and throughfall depths to conservative mean intensity–duration thresholds for landslide initiation revealed that throughfall exceeded the threshold in 75 % of the events in which rainfall exceeded the threshold for both wet and dry conditions. Throughfall intensity for the 11 largest events (rainfall  =  65–116 mm) plotted near or above the intensity–duration threshold for landslide initiation during wet conditions; 5 of the events were near or above the threshold for dry conditions. Soil moisture responses during large events were heavily and progressively buffered at depths of 1 to 2 m, indicating that the timescale of any short-term smoothing of peak rainfall inputs (i.e.,  ≤  1 h) has little influence on peak pore water pressure at depths where landslides would initiate in this area. Given these findings, we conclude that canopy interception would have little effect on mitigating shallow landslide initiation during the types of monsoon rainfall conditions in this and similar tropical secondary forest sites.
Review Article: A Comparison of Flood and Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment Indicators
Authors: de Ruiter Marleen C. , Ward Philip J. , Daniell James E. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In a cross-discipline study, we carried out an extensive literature review to increase understanding of vulnerability indicators used in both earthquake- and flood vulnerability assessments. We provide insights into potential improvements in both fields by identifying and comparing quantitative vulnerability indicators. Indicators have been categorised into physical- and social categories, and then, where possible, further subdivided into measurable and comparable indicators. Next, a selection of index- and curve based vulnerability models that use these indicators have been described, comparing several characteristics such as temporal- and spatial aspects. It appears that earthquake vulnerability methods traditionally have a strong focus on object-based physical attributes used in vulnerability curve-based models, while flood vulnerability studies focus more on indicators applied to aggregated land-use classes in curve-based models. Flood risk studies could be improved using approaches from earthquake studies, such as incorporating more detailed physical indicators, developing object-based physical vulnerability curve assessments and incorporating time-of-the-day based building occupation patterns. Likewise, earthquake assessments could learn from flood studies by refining their selection of social vulnerability indicators. Based on the lessons obtained in this study, we recommend future studies for exploring risk assessment methodologies cross-different hazard types.
Meeting at the crossroads: collaboration between information technology departments and health sciences libraries
Authors: King Samuel , Cataldi-Roberts Erica , Wentz Erin
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purposes of this survey were to determine the nature and extent of collaboration between health sciences libraries and their information technology (IT) departments, to identify strengths and issues connected to this relationship, and to provide examples demonstrating exceptional collaborative success.Methods: A fourteen-question survey was sent to a broad selection of health care and academic libraries through a variety of email discussion lists and was limited to one response per institution. Convenience sampling was used to collect the responses.Results: An overwhelming majority of libraries described the relationship with their IT departments as good or excellent, and there were a variety of creative joint initiatives underway. Opportunities exist for continued and expanded library/IT collaboration.Conclusions: Good quality relationships between libraries and their IT departments are essential due to the interconnected nature of their services, and fortunately, this appears to be the norm at a variety of institutions. Mutual respect, open communication, realization of each department’s mission, and responsiveness to each other’s needs are part of what makes these relationships successful, which in turn leads to successful collaborative ventures that bode well for the future of both services.
Implementing a 3D printing service in a biomedical library
Authors: Walker Verma
Published: January 2017

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is opening new opportunities in biomedicine by enabling creative problem solving, faster prototyping of ideas, advances in tissue engineering, and customized patient solutions. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library purchased a Makerbot Replicator 2 3D printer to give scientists a chance to try out this technology. To launch the service, the library offered training, conducted a survey on service model preferences, and tracked usage and class attendance. 3D printing was very popular, with new lab equipment prototypes being the most common model type. Most survey respondents indicated they would use the service again and be willing to pay for models. There was high interest in training for 3D modeling, which has a steep learning curve. 3D printers also require significant care and repairs. NIH scientists are using 3D printing to improve their research, and it is opening new avenues for problem solving in labs. Several scientists found the 3D printer so helpful they bought one for their labs. Having a printer in a central and open location like a library can help scientists, doctors, and students learn how to use this technology in their work.
Reviewing retrieved references for inclusion in systematic reviews using EndNote
Authors: Bramer Wichor M. , Milic Jelena , Mast Frans
Published: January 2017

Not applicable
Consumer Health Information Services and Programs: Best Practices
Authors: Biglow Carolyn G.
Published: January 2017

Not applicable
116th Annual Meeting Medical Library Association, Inc. Toronto, ON, Canada May 13-18, 2016
Authors: Mitchell Nicole
Published: January 2017

This is a correction to the original article. For information about the changes made, please see the correction: DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.202.
Caracterización del programa Usura Cero en el marco del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano de Nicaragua
Authors: Madriz Mengibar Ana Amelia , Osegueda Molina Josseling Lisbeth , Guevara Polanco Aura Lila , Armas Hernández Anyolly Denisse , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: January 2017

Este artículo presenta de manera general la Problemática del Desarrollo y la Participación Ciudadana en América Latina, y de manera específico el caso de Nicaragua. Antes de entrar a discutir esta temática se presenta una breve recopilación teórica sobre los modelos de desarrollo que han estado vigentes en las últimas décadas en la región, sus afectaciones positivas y negativas. Está claro que han surgido diferentes maneras para alcanzar el desarrollo y afrontar la desigualdad y la pobreza, en Nicaragua el Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional (GRUN) ha implementado Usura Cero, un programa de estrategia económica que consiste en microcréditos para mujeres. Este funciona bajo el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano con el fin de promover el empoderamiento de la mujer, y luchar contra la pobreza. Usura Cero tiene una estrategia organizativa que ha venido evolucionando con los años, con el fin de restituir los derechos de las personas y promover un desarrollo integral y sostenible, con una participación incluyente.
One of the Countries That Turkey Models: Finland Secondary Education Social Studies Curriculum
Authors: Kop Yasar
Published: January 2017

Teaching of social studies has basis of education dynamism that governments maintain to raise qualified and efficient citizens. That’s why; being examined programs in question has importance for the global citizen concept which comes up with globalization. Therefore, how to be raised efficient citizens who build both governments’ and world’s future is going to be determined. Turkey has chosen some countries as guides in education to keep up with globalization world standards. One of these countries is Finland. “Core Program” which is in force in the country is has been taken as basis in this study in which secondary education Social Studies curriculum occupying an important place in Finland education system is reviewed. Geographical and historical features and education system of the country are described (have been depicted shortly so as to ensure to be understood better the program in question. When we look at Finland education system in general, it can be said the tradition of sublimating the common objectives in Finland culture slows down the reflection of liability to bring individuality forward on implementation. School programs aims to equip the youth with knowledge and skills they will need in the social life naturally as well as aiming to transmit the basic values of Finland culture to the students. Equality of entire community is taken into consideration while doing this. Concerning available general program, it has been confirmed that general goals of “secondary education Social Studies curriculum” are to equip learners with talent to analyze current events efficiently and critically and prepare them to join social activities.
Factor Structure and Reliability of Test Items for Saudi Teacher Licence Assessment
Authors: Alsadaawi Abdullah Saleh
Published: January 2017

The Saudi National Assessment Centre administers the Computer Science Teacher Test for teacher certification. The aim of this study is to explore gender differences in candidates’ scores, and investigate dimensionality, reliability, and differential item functioning using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. The confirmatory factor analysis results for 6 371 examinees’ scores of 66 multiple-choice items when grouped into three content domains showed that the test data were unidimensional (ability, trait). The domains were highly correlated (0.883 to 0.949) within this dimension. Data reliability estimated through latent variable modelling was acceptable at 0.848. Gender results for DIF signalled 13 items, five cases against males and eight cases against females; a finding of some balance in DIF direction against males and females. The study results confirm the validity of the Computer Science Teacher Test and support further refinement of multiple forms of the test.
Comparison of Creativity and Self-Esteem in Students with Employed and Household Mothers
Authors: Safara Maryam , Alkaran Zeinab Blori , Salmabadi Mojtaba , Rostami Najmieh
Published: January 2017

Objective: The present study was carried out to compare creativity and self-esteem in the university students with employed and household mothers in academic years 2014-2015. Method: This research is a descriptive one which is of comparative-casual type. The statistical population includes all undergraduate students of Azad universities of Roudhen, Shahr-e Ray Central Tehran and national universities of Al-Zahra, Shahid Beheshti and Vali-e Asr that among them 240 students (120 males and 120 females) were selected by random and available sampling method. To collect the data, Arjmand’s (2003) questionnaire of creativity and Copper-Smith’s (1967) self-esteem questionnaire were used. To test the hypotheses, independent t-test was used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between self-esteem in students with employed and household mothers. Also, a significant difference was not observed between the rate of creativity in students with employed and household mothers. Conclusion: The results of the present research can be used to provide proper strategies for mothers, instructors, and those who are relevant with educational affairs to enhance the quality of education, to nurture and flourish creativity and self-esteem in individuals.
On Beauty
Authors: Böhme Gernot
Published: January 2017

Beauty was once the main or even exclusive topic of aesthetics.Now, two hundred years after Karl Rosenkranz’s Aesthetics of Ugliness and aformidable development of fine arts in which many atmospheres beyond theedge of beauty were produced, it may be time again to ask the fundamentalquestion of what the beautiful is like. But putting this question we notice thatsince the 18th century our aesthetical experience has deeply changed, so thatthe concept of traditional beauty must be changed itself.
The Making of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: January 2017

How does an artefact enter the corpus of national cultural heritage? The answer to this question offers a pragmatic understanding of the reasons why the expansion of national corpuses has been so widespread, generation after generation and especially during the last one. Of course, there are alsomore general “societal” or “cultural” reasons for such a worldwide phenomenon: a number of explanations have already been proposed by philosophers, historians, sociologists, anthropologists. However, one should not underestimate the effects of the inventorial techniques and methods of description used by the specialists of heritage, in that they tend to elevate the level of precision and of specialisation, hence to enlarge the criteria and to increase the number of artefacts worth entering their corpus. A close study of these actual criteria, through a survey conducted according to what is now called “pragmatic sociology” in France, allows us a deeper understanding of what defines cultural heritage, and of the effective values on which it relies: that is, the axiology of cultural heritage. Switching from “why” to “how”
Editorial
Authors: Poulakka Kalle
Published: January 2017

The growing amount of anthologies, monographs, and textbooks shows that environmental aesthetics is a discipline, which has indeed come of age. For a long time the discipline lay at the outskirts of philosophical aesthetics, but from the beginning of the 1960s interest in it began to grow rapidly, and it has now evolved into a respectable philosophical discipline with a specific set of core issues and interesting debates. The “Environment, Aesthetics, and the Arts” conference arranged in Lahti, Finland in June 2010, in co-operation by the Nordic Society of Aesthetics, the Finnish Society of Aesthetics, and the International Institute of Applied Aesthetics, was devoted to the latest developments in environmental aesthetics. And the papers presented at the conference reinforced the picture of environmental aesthetics as a legitimate part of philosophical aesthetics. This special issue of The Nordic Journal of Aesthetics collects
Back to the Future: Aesthetics Today
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: January 2017

This paper originated as the keynote address at the conference “Aesthetics Today” organized by the Finnish Society of Aesthetics to mark its 40th anniversary and was delivered at the University of Helsinki on March 1, 2012. Written for that particular occasion the sense of an oral presentation has been maintained. Shusterman’s point of departure is the thesis that contemporary aesthetics can be characterized by a number of leading themes that mark a return to older aesthetic perspectives, after these perspectives have been neglected in modern philosophical discussions. The  paper briefly outlines and explores three of these themes whose increasing importance in current aesthetics can appeal to historical antecedents, namely: a focus on perception, the expansion of the aesthetic field beyond the philosophy of fine art, and the close connection of the aesthetic and the practical. After that, Shusterman formulates a fourth theme in aesthetics today which incorporates the first three and whose value for contemporary  aesthetics he seeks to highlight, namely: the somatic, as exemplified by somaesthetics.
Art, War and Counter-Images
Authors: Rasmussen Mikkel Bolt
Published: January 2017

The article analyses the relatively meager response of artists to the ‘war on terror’ compared to the response of American artists to the war in Vietnam, where artists organized both exhibitions and protests against the war in South East Asia in the late 1960s. This of course has to do with the transformations going in contemporary art and the broader political context characterized by the hegemony of neo-liberalism. The article juxtaposes an installation by the Retort collective with an installation by Alfredo Jaar, analyzing two different ways of confronting the image war of the capitalist state machine with either a heave-handed use of art or a negative representation.
Art, Value, and Function
Authors: Schroeder Severin
Published: January 2017

Is the concept of a work of art an evaluative concept: does its application imply a positive evaluation? I shall discuss this question by considering two opposing attempts at defining art, namely the Institutional Theory and the view that art is a functional concept. I shall argue that the concept of art does not imply an unconditionally positive evaluation, but that art is a prestige concept. Moreover, it will be shown that functional definitions of art are flawed.
Cinematic
Authors: Smuts Aaron
Published: January 2017

Is cinematicity a virtue in film? Is lack of cinematicity a defect? Berys Gaut thinks so. He claims that cinematicity is a pro tanto virtue in film. I disagree. I argue that the term “cinematic” principally refers to some cluster of characteristics found in films featuring the following: expansive scenery, extreme depth of field, high camera positioning, and elaborate tracking shots. We often use the word as a term of praise. And we are likely right to do so. We are right if we mean that the film does well what movies often do well. We are wrong if we mean that the film is good for doing what is merely distinctive of film. This issue has important implications for understanding the role of the medium in artistic evaluation. I argue that we should reject Gaut’s claim because it entails an implausibly strong medium specificity thesis.
The Spirit of Fluxus as a Nomadic Art Movement
Authors: Wilmer S.E.
Published: January 2017

Fluxus was the brain-child of a Lithuanian-born artist named George Maciunas whose family fled to Germany in the Second World War, where they eventually became displaced persons and later emigrated to the USA. Maciunas studied art and architecture in Pittsburgh and New York before working as an architect and graphic artist and founded the Fluxus movement at the beginning of the 1960s. During his student years, he became fascinated by nomadic art in Asia and Eastern Europe that would later influence his life’s work. This essay considers the relationship between his interest in nomadism and the nature of the Fluxus movement that spread across the world, breaking down barriers between art and life, privileging concrete and conceptual art, and staging unusual events. It applies Braidotti’s notion of the nomadic subject to Maciunas’ encouragement of radical styles of performance art, such as Yoko Ono’s minimalist conceptual work and Joseph Beuys’s Tatar-influenced use of fat and felt.
Antigone’s Diary – Young Audiences as Co-creators of GPS-guided Radio Drama
Authors: Ernst Manilla , Sauter Willmar
Published: January 2017

The play, Antigone’s Diary, is a re-written version of Sophocles’ classical play, developed with teenage schoolchildren in the riot-ridden suburb Husby, a 30-minute subway ride away from the centre of Stockholm. Rebecca Forsberg of RATS Theatre adapted the plot into an interactive radio performance with a mobile audience, walking through the suburb and responding via text messages to Antigone’s questions after each of the twelve scenes. Young audiences were of especial interest for this project. Therefore, school performances for teenagers are the focus of this survey. The responses of pupils were studied during and after performances by means of observations, qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis of the text messages that the participants sent in response to Antigone’s questions. The seriousness and enthusiasm of young audiences were one of the stunning outcomes of this survey and a number of quotations illustrate the immersive power of this production. Furthermore, this experiment also served as a test bed for the Department of Computer and System Science, to which Rats Theatre is closely tied. The multimedia performance, combining radio drama, mobile audiences in a local environment and the options of interactive participation, demonstrated the potential of participatory experiences to engage audiences in democratic processes that can be applied to issues of political interest and decision making in the public sphere.
Expanding the Canon, Creating Alternative Knowledge, Marketing the Field? Performance Practices in Theatre Studies
Authors: Wagner Meike
Published: January 2017

Departing from examples of German theatre study programs (University of Giessen, University of Hildesheim, University of Bochum), which include performance practice, my contribution discusses specific roles and functions of practical experience in the academic context. I will present and discuss three discursive fields in relation to performance practice as part of academic education: 1) Performance practice as a way of taking a political stance with the aim of changing academic education and to promote alternative forms of theatre. 2) Performance practice as a marketable good within humanities to promote study programs. 3) Performance practice as a means of acquiring alternative knowledge for theatre education and research.
Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
Authors: Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Farine Damien R , Crofoot Margaret C , Couzin Iain D
Published: January 2017

For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons’ preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop’s sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination.
Pharmacological targeting of the transcription factor SOX18 delays breast cancer in mice
Authors: Overman Jeroen , Fontaine Frank , Moustaqil Mehdi , Mittal Deepak , Sierecki Emma , Sacilotto Natalia , Zuegg Johannes , Robertson Avril AB , Holmes Kelly , Salim Angela A , Mamidyala Sreeman , Butler Mark S , Robinson Ashley S , Lesieur Emmanuelle , Johnston Wayne , Alexandrov Kirill , Black Brian L , Hogan Benjamin M , De Val Sarah , Capon Robert J , Carroll Jason S , Bailey Timothy L , Koopman Peter , Jauch Ralf , Cooper Matthew A , Gambin Yann , Francois Mathias
Published: January 2017

Pharmacological targeting of transcription factors holds great promise for the development of new therapeutics, but strategies based on blockade of DNA binding, nuclear shuttling, or individual protein partner recruitment have yielded limited success to date. Transcription factors typically engage in complex interaction networks, likely masking the effects of specifically inhibiting single protein-protein interactions. Here, we used a combination of genomic, proteomic and biophysical methods to discover a suite of protein-protein interactions involving the SOX18 transcription factor, a known regulator of vascular development and disease. We describe a small-molecule that is able to disrupt a discrete subset of SOX18-dependent interactions. This compound selectively suppressed SOX18 transcriptional outputs in vitro and interfered with vascular development in zebrafish larvae. In a mouse pre-clinical model of breast cancer, treatment with this inhibitor significantly improved survival by reducing tumour vascular density and metastatic spread. Our studies validate an interactome-based molecular strategy to interfere with transcription factor activity, for the development of novel disease therapeutics.
Taking aim at Sox18
Authors: Kim Injune , Koh Gou Young
Published: January 2017

A small molecule called Sm4 can disrupt interactions involving a transcription factor called Sox18, while having little impact on other members of the SoxF family.
Investigation of Helicobacter pylori infection among symptomatic children in Hangzhou from 2007 to 2014: a retrospective study with 12,796 cases
Authors: Shu Xiaoli , Ping Mingfang , Yin Guofeng , Jiang Mizu
Published: January 2017

Background and Aim

The infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is acquired in childhood and the prevalence vary greatly in different countries and regions. The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of H. pylori infection among children with gastrointestinal symptoms in Hangzhou, a representative city of eastern China.

Methods

A systematic surveillance of H. pylori infection according to the 13C-urea breath test was conducted from January 2007 to December 2014 in the Children’s hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The demographic information and main symptoms of every subject were recorded.

Results

A total of 12,796 subjects were recruited and 18.6% children evaluated as H. pylori positive. The annual positive rates decreased from 2007 to 2014 (χ2 = 20.461, p < 0.01). The positive rates were 14.8%, 20.2% and 25.8% in 3–6, 7–11 and 12–17 years age group respectively, which increased with age (χ2 = 116.002, p < 0.01). And it was significantly higher in boys than girls (χ2 = 15.090, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression identified possible risk factors for H. pylori infection. Age, gender, gastrointestinal symptoms and history of H. pylori infected family member were all significantly associated with H. pylori infection (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

H. pylori infection rates in children with gastrointestinal symptoms were lower than most of those reported in mainland China. Further studies are required to determine the prevalence in the general population. Comprehensively understanding of the characteristics and the possible risk factors of H. pylori infection will be helpful to its management strategies in children in China.
Influence of different types of sessile epibionts on the community structure of mobile invertebrates in an eelgrass bed
Authors: Momota Kyosuke , Nakaoka Masahiro
Published: January 2017

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds are known to have high ecological and economical values within coastal ecosystems of the temperate northern hemisphere although their biodiversity and functions varied greatly from sites to sites. The variation in the biomass, abundance and diversity of mobile invertebrates in eelgrass beds has been examined in relation to various abiotic and biotic factors, such as water temperature, salinity, eelgrass biomass and epiphytic microalgae presence. However, the importance of sessile epibionts, such as macroalgae and calcific spirorbid polychaetes attached to eelgrass blades, has not been the focus of previous studies. In the present study, we examined the effects of three different sessile epibionts, namely, branched red algae, filamentous green algae, and calcific spirorbid polychaetes, on the biomass and diversity of mobile invertebrates in the eelgrass beds of Akkeshi in northeastern Japan. The relationships between seven abiotic and biotic variables including three types of epibionts, and biomass of 11 dominant mobile invertebrate species as well as three community-level variables (the total biomass of mobile invertebrates, species richness and the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Our results show that branched red algae are correlated withPontogeneia rostrata,Lacunaspp.,Nereissp.,Syllissp. and the total biomass of mobile invertebrates, filamentous green algae withP. rostrata,Ansola angustataand the species diversity of mobile invertebrates, and spirorbid polychaetes withA. angustata,Lacunaspp.,Siphonacmea oblongata,Syllissp., the species richness and diversity of mobile invertebrates. The effect size of the epibionts was similar or even higher than that of abiotic and eelgrass factors on the total biomass of mobile invertebrates, species richness, species diversity and most of dominant invertebrate populations across the taxonomic groups. Consequently, epibiotic macroalgae and spirorbid polychaetes can be good predictors of the variation in the total biomass, species richness and species diversity of mobile invertebrates and the biomass of major dominant species, especially for species that have a relatively high dependency on eelgrass blades. These results suggest that the different functional groups of sessile epibionts have significant roles in determining the biomass and diversity of mobile invertebrates in eelgrass beds.
Catchments catch all in South African coastal lowlands: topography and palaeoclimate restricted gene flow inNymania capensis(Meliaceae)—a multilocus phylogeographic and distribution modelling approach
Authors: Potts Alastair J.
Published: January 2017

Background

This study investigates orbitally-forced range dynamics at a regional scale by exploring the evolutionary history ofNymania capensis(Meliaceae) across the deeply incised landscapes of the subescarpment coastal lowlands of South Africa; a region that is home to three biodiversity hotspots (Succulent Karoo, Fynbos, and Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany hotspots).

Methods

A range of methods are used including: multilocus phylogeography (chloroplast and high- and low-copy nuclear DNA), molecular dating and species distribution modelling (SDM).

Results

The results support an ‘evolutionarily distinct catchment’ hypothesis where: (1) different catchments contain genetically distinct lineages, (2) limited genetic structuring was detected within basins whilst high structuring was detected between basins, and (3) within primary catchment populations display a high degree of genealogical lineage sorting. In addition, the results support a glacial refugia hypothesis as: (a) the timing of chloroplast lineage diversification is restricted to the Pleistocene in a landscape that has been relatively unchanged since the late Pliocene, and (b) the projected LGM distribution of suitable climate forN. capensissuggest fragmentation into refugia that correspond to the current phylogeographic populations.

Discussion

This study highlights the interaction of topography and subtle Pleistocene climate variations as drivers limiting both seed and pollen flow along these lowlands. This lends support to the region’s large-scale conservation planning efforts, which used catchments as foundational units for conservation as these are likely to be evolutionarily significant units.
Conduta de pacientes oncológicos com mucosites orais quanto ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico
Authors: Silva Kelle Oliveira , Coutinho Karolyne Fonseca , Messias Gladistone Correia , Santos Geysa Silva , De Souza Érika Pereira
Published: January 2017

A mucosite oral é uma complicação advinda do tratamento antineoplásico, e o seu tratamento se baseia no esquema não farmacológico e farmacológico. Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo foi identificar o tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico das mucosites orais ocasionadas pelo tratamento quimioterápico em pacientes oncológicos em uma casa de acolhimento no município de Vitória da Conquista, BA. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, os dados foram obtidos através de um formulário com perguntas referentes ao objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados: constatou-se que 70% dos pacientes apontaram a quimioterapia e a radioterapia como sendo o tratamento ao qual estavam sendo submetidos, e após o início desse tratamento, 88% dos pacientes apresentaram problemas bucais, sendo que os sintomas que mais os acometeram foram a xerostomia (46%), sensibilidade aumentada a alimentos quentes ou ácidos (38%) e a dor intensa (34%). Conclusão: entre os medicamentos utilizados para tratar os problemas bucais relacionados à mucosite, a nistatina e o fluconazol foram os antifúngicos de maior uso, bem como a clorexidina que tem ação antifúngica e bactericida, esta atua contra bactérias gram-positivas e gram-negativas e como analgésicos mais utilizados à codeína e codeína + paracetamol. Alguns pacientes realizavam bochechos e a crioscopia como modo de minimizar a dor e os efeitos relacionados a mucosite. Observou-se que o tratamento para mucosite utilizado pelos paciente s acompanha o perfil utilizado em outras regiões do país
Atendimento ao paciente com queimadura em região estomatognática
Authors: Felzemburgh Victor Araujo , Nogueira Neto João Nunes , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: January 2017

A queimadura é um grave problema de saúde pública com alta taxa de mortalidade e inabilidade descrita. Lesões que envolvem a região estomatognática podem provocar restrições funcionais severas com os tratamentos dessas lesões serem limitados a depender do nível de acometimento. Objetivo: avaliar pacientes vítimas de queimadura no aparelho estomatognático, complicações associadas, fatores etiológicos e necessidade do acompanhamento multidisciplinar. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo observacional entre o período de outubro e novembro de 2015 em centro especializado de queimados na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: De 117 pacientes avaliados 38,5% apresentaram algum tipo de queimadura na região estomatognática. Desses pacientes, notou-se prevalência do gênero feminino (51,1%), adultos (57,8%), queimaduras de segundo grau (94,9%) e provocados por fogo/chama (31,6%). Conclusão: queimaduras na região estomatognática são frequentes sendo necessário o acompanhamento multidisciplinar.

 
An index for drought induced financial risk in the mining industry
Authors: Bonnafous L. , Lall U. , Siegel J.
Published: January 2017

Water scarcity has emerged as a potential risk for mining operations. High capital spending for desalination and water conflicts leading to asset stranding have recently occurred. Investors in mining companies are interested in the exposure to such risks across portfolios of mining assets (whether the practical at‐site consequences are foregone production, higher OPEX and CAPEX and ensuing lost revenues, or asset‐stranding). In this paper, an index of the potential financial exposure of a portfolio is developed and its application is illustrated. Since the likely loss at each mine is hard to estimate a priori, one needs a proxy for potential loss. The index considers drought duration, severity and frequency (defined by a return‐level in years) at each mining asset, and provides a measure of financial exposure through weighing of production or Net Asset Value. Changes in human needs are not considered, but are relevant, and could be incorporated if global data on mine and other water use were available at the appropriate resolution. Potential for contemporaneous drought incidence across sites in a portfolio is considered specifically. Through an appropriate choice of drought thresholds, an analyst can customize a scenario to assess potential losses in production value or profits, or whether conflicts could emerge that would lead to stranded assets or capital expenditure to secure alternate water supplies. Global climate data sets that allow a customized development of such an index are identified, and selected mining company portfolios are scored as to the risk associated with one publicly available drought index.
N2‐Substituted 2′‐Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate Derivatives as Selective Substrates for Human DNA Polymerase κ
Authors: Gowda A. S. Prakasha , Lee Marietta , Spratt Thomas E.
Published: January 2017

N2‐Alkyl‐2′‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate (N2‐alkyl‐dGTP) derivatives with methyl, butyl, benzyl, or 4‐ethynylbenzyl substituents were prepared and tested as substrates for human DNA polymerases. N2‐Benzyl‐dGTP was equal to dGTP as a substrate for DNA polymerase κ (pol κ), but was a poor substrate for pols β, δ, η, ι, or ν. In vivo reactivity was evaluated through incubation of N2‐4‐ethynylbenzyl‐dG with wild‐type and pol κ deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. CuAAC reaction with 5(6)‐FAM‐azide demonstrated that only cells containing pol κ were able to incorporate N2‐4‐ethynylbenzyl‐dG into the nucleus. This is the first instance of a Y‐family‐polymerase‐specific dNTP, and this method could be used to probe the activity of pol κ in vivo.
Direct Detection of a Chemical Equilibrium between a Localized Singlet Diradical and Its σ‐Bonded Species by Time‐Resolved UV/Vis and IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshidomi Shohei , Mishima Megumi , Seyama Shin , Abe Manabu , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Ishibashi Taka‐aki
Published: January 2017

Localized singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolyses. The singlet diradicals are energetically much less stable than the σ‐bonded species. In general, only one‐way reactions from diradicals to σ‐bonded species are observed. In this study, a thermal equilibrium between a singlet 1,2‐diazacyclopentane‐3,5‐diyl diradical and the corresponding σ‐bonded species was directly observed. The singlet diradical was more stable than the σ‐bonded species. The solvent effect clarified key features, such as the zwitterionic character of the singlet diradical. The effect of the nitrogen atoms is discussed in detail.