bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular Biometry Among Cataract Surgery Candidate Patients In Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Tolossa Tufa , Sori Sisay Bekele , Ababor Jafer Kedir , W/Mikael Dagmawit Kifle
Published: October 2022

Background: Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the world. The precision of biometry is crucial for meeting the expectations of patients undergoing cataract surgery. To meet these expectations, attention to accurate biometry measurements is critical. Ocular biometric parameters such as axial length (AL), corneal power (K), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) vary with gender, age, and ethnicity, and hence are different among different populations. This study aimed to determine the means and ranges for axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal power values, and pattern of astigmatism and cataract surgery candidate patients of Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all adult patient candidates for cataract surgery in Jimma Medical Centre Ophthalmology clinic. Each participant underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and a full ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, and fundus examination (if visible). The corneal curvature (K), AL, and ACD were measured using IOLMaster (Carly Zeiss Meditech AG Jene, Germany).Results:The study evaluated 308 eyes of consecutive cataract surgery candidates with a mean age of 61.05 years ± 10.11 (SD). The mean AL and ACD were 23.20 ± 0.72 mm and 2.92 ± 0.37 mm respectively. The mean ± SD keratometry readings (K1 and K2) were 43.23 ± 1.49D and 44.29 ± 1.54D respectively.The mean K value was 43.75 ± 1.45D. The median corneal astigmatism was 1.00D. The mean ± SD and median of intra-ocular lens power were 21.60 ± 1.62D and 21.50D. Gender-based analysis of AL and K readings revealed statistically significant shorter AL in female eyes (22.92 ± 0.75mm) than in males (23.39 ± 0.64mm) (p=0.000), but more keratometric readings in females (44.06 ± 1.60D) than males (43.55 ± 1.30D) (p=0.003). The anterior chamber is deep in males as compared to females (2.93mm Vs 2.90mm). The mean ± SD IOL power was 21.30 ± 1.50D in males and 22.08 ± 1.70D in females (p=0.006). Against-the-rule astigmatism (ATR) was found in 177 eyes (57.50%). The axis of corneal astigmatism turned in the ATR direction with age.Conclusions: The mean AL was 23.20 ± 0.72mm, the mean K reading was 43.75 ± 1.45 diopter(D), and the mean ACD was 2.92 ± 0.37mm. The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.13D and the ATR axis was the predominant finding. Females had a statistically significantly shorter mean axial length as compared to males but more keratometric readings. The anterior chamber is deep in males as compared to females though not statistically significant. The mean IOL power needed to achieve emmetropia was 21.60D.
Alterations in the tegument surface of adult fluke, Fasciola gigantica, after in vitro treatment with the crude venom of the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis
Authors: Abdelsater Naser , Amer Omar , Elshehaby Mohammed , Mohamed Sara
Published: October 2022

Triclabendazole is the only known effective treatment against both pre-adult and adult worms infecting the hepatic parenchyma and bile ducts, respectively. We aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of the venom of the wasp, Vespa orientalis (WV), against the adult Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) worm, as WV has known pharmacological properties. We assessed its anthelmintic efficacy using 40 adult F. gigantica flukes collected from slaughtered cattle divided into four groups (10 each). Three worms in each group were treated with 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml of WV, while a fourth untreated one was used as control. After WV treatment, the tegument area of the fluke’s body was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This revealed several tegumental alterations all over the fluke's body, including sunken spines due to local swelling, complete disappearance of spines from their sockets, furrowing and sloughing of the basal lamina, splitting off some spines to resemble an “open jaw,” broken oral and ventral sucker teguments, increased swelling of the ventral sucker with loss of its ridges, severe swelling and smoothening of the ventral sucker due to loss of normal transverse ridges, deformed cirrus, and swollen sensory papillae with blebs. The sensory papillae were completely disrupted and dislodged, leaving pits and a series of holes throughout the basal lamina and severely eroded, turning into lesions exposing the basement membrane. These findings indicate that WV can be potentially used to treat fascioliasis. However, further in vivo studies on the activity of WV treatment are recommended.
Temporal Sylvian Fissure Arachnoid Cyst In Children: Treatment Outcome Following Microsurgical Cyst Fenestration With Special Emphasis on Cyst Reduction and Subdural Collection
Authors: Tomita Tadanori , Kwasnicki Amanda M. , McGuire Laura S. , DiPatri Arthur J.
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Controversy remains regarding surgical managements of sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (SFAC). This review presents our experience in the microsurgical fenestration of pediatric patients with SFAC to define surgical indication, and risks and benefits with special emphasis on postoperative subdural fluid collection (SDFC) and cyst size reduction.
Methods
Thirty-four children with SFAC who underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration at a single institution over 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings and postsurgical course. The SFACs were classified by a novel grading system based on the degree of arachnoid cyst extension from the sylvian fissure to the insular cistern shown on MR images; Grade 0 – little or no prominence of sylvian fissure, Grade I - SFAC confined to the sylvian fissure, Grade II – SFAC partially extending to the insular cistern, Grade III – SFAC extending to entire insular cistern.
Results
There were 26 males and 8 females. SFAC was present in the left side in 24. Twelve patients presented with cyst rupturing to the subdural space. Cyst grading did not show significant difference compared with rupture status (p > 0.9). All patients underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration. Postoperative SDFC is common but often resolved overtime in two thirds of the cases with the mean average of 6 months. However, 3 patients had symptomatic postoperative SDFC and needed reoperation shortly after the first operation. Microsurgical cyst fenestrations for SFAC effectively resolved the presenting symptoms and often showed restore intracranial structures on follow-up imaging. Cyst resolution or reduction greater than 75% were noted in 61.8% of the patients postoperatively which was noted in a half of the SFAC of children even with age of 11 year or older. During the follow up, no cyst recurrence or SDFC were noted. Patients with greater surgical reduction of cyst size tended to occur in younger children, and those with lower MR grade.
Conclusion
Our results showed a high reduction rate of SFAC and brain re-expansion after microsurgical fenestration together with symptomatic improvements regardless the patient’s age. Considering the developing CNS during childhood, reductions of a large space occupying lesion followed by restorations of the structural integrity of the developing brain are very desirable. However, a multi-center cooperative prospective longitudinal study on long-term comparative data of those treated and untreated of neuro-psychological outcome and cyst rupture incidence is needed.
Refining the Role of Cervical Spine Immobilization and Stabilization in Pediatric Non-Accidental Trauma, a Retrospective Series of 1008 Patients
Authors: Samples Derek C. , Staulcup Susan , Hovis Gabrielle , Gustin Paul , Meier Maxene , Mirsky David , Hankinson Todd
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Prompt detection of traumatic cervical spine injury is important as delayed or missed diagnosis can have disastrous consequences. Given the understood mechanism of non-accidental trauma (NAT), it is reasonable to suspect that cervical spine injury can occur. Current management of young children being evaluated for NAT includes placement of a rigid collar until clinical clearance or an MRI can be obtained. Currently, there exists a lack of robust data to guide cervical bracing. Anecdotally, our group has not observed a single patient with a diagnosis of NAT who required operative stabilization for cervical spine instability. This study will be the largest series to date and aims to systematically investigate this observation to determine the likelihood that children with a diagnosis of NAT harbor cervical spine instability related to their injuries.
Methods
Patient data from the Children’s Hospital Colorado Trauma Registry diagnosed with non-burn only NAT were reviewed retrospectively. Children less than 4 years of age pulled from the registry from January 1, 2005 - March 31, 2021 were included. Demographic, admission/discharge, imaging, and clinic management data were collected for each patient and analyzed.
Results
There were 1,008 patients included in the cohort. The age at presentation ranged from 5 days to 4 years (mean 10.4 months). No patient had X-ray or CT findings concerning for cervical instability. Three patients had MRI findings concerning for cervical instability. Two of these underwent external bracing and the third died from unrelated injuries during their hospitalization. Only four patients were discharged in a cervical collar and all were ultimately cleared from bracing. No patient underwent a spinal stabilization procedure.
Conclusions
While the mechanism of injury in many NAT cases would seem to make significant cervical spine injury possible, this single center retrospective review of a large experience indicates that such injury is exceedingly rare. Further study is merited to understand the underlying pathophysiology. However, it is reasonable to consider cervical collar clearance in the setting of normal radiographs and a reassuring neurological exam. Furthermore, if concerns exist regarding cervical spine instability on MRI, an initial trial of conservative management is warranted.
Improving polarization description in positron-molecule scattering: a model potential approach
Authors: Sanchez Sergio D , Barbosa Alessandra Souza , Frighetto Francisco Fernandes
Published: October 2022

In the present article we have proposed and tested a new polarization scheme within the Schwinger Multichannel method based on a model potential to describe positron-molecule polarization and correlation. For this test, we have calculated integral and differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of positrons by pyrazine and compared these results with the existing theoretical and experimental data. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the possible bound state, we have also obtained the scattering lenghts. Our current results greatly improved previous {\it ab-initio} calculations showing a significantly better agreement between the theoretical results and experimental results, particularly at low angles for the differential cross sections.
Growing Carbon Nanotubes In-site via Chemical Vapor Deposition and Resin Pre-coating Treatment on Anodized Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Substrates for Stronger Adhesive Bonding with Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Cheng Fei , Xu Yang , Zhang Jinheng , Wang Lin , Wan Qi , Li Wanpeng , Wang Lei , Lv Zhenfei
Published: October 2022

Adhesive bonding between titanium (Ti) alloy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is extensively utilized to achieve lightweight and sufficient strength in aircraft structures. In this study, acid pickling, anodizing, heating treatments and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were applied to Ti-6Al-4V Ti substrates, and CFRPs were grinded to compare the performances. The resin pre-coating (RPC) technique was employed to improve voids defects at substrate channel root. SEM images indicated Ti substrates surface were covered with growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via CVD and epoxy resin were guided into channel root to reduce defects using RPC treatment. Single lap shear tests results exhibited adhesive bonding strengths of anodized composites were higher than that of acid pickled composites. RPC technique applied to Ti substrates after growing CNTs improved shear strengths by 22.3% than adhesive bonding directly. The combined treatments of anodizing, CVD and RPC had the shear strength of 23.98 MPa improved by 123.5% than that of acid pickling, which was higher and more stable than the one by external introduction of CNTs via RPC. The failure mode changed from adhesive failure to dominated cohesive failure. Therefore, the novel combined treatments are effective and suitable for aerospace industries.
Understanding the Thermal Stability of TKX-50, ABTOX and their Key Precursors through Band Gaps and MESP: A DFT Approach
Authors: Adak P. K. , Singh Sunil Kumar , Singh Jaivindra , Mahesh Siribattula , Jain M. K. , Banerjee Shaibal , Khan Md Abdul Shafeeuulla
Published: October 2022

TKX-50 (Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazolate-1,1’-dioxide) is a recent time invention by Klapotke et. al in the field of high energy materials and it out performs all the existing materials by means of performance parameters. It is rising as potential energetic material due to favorable thermal insensitivity, low toxicity and safe handling. The decomposition temperature (Tmax) values of precursors such as glyoxime (I), 1,2-Dichloroglyoxime (II), 1,2-Diazidoglyoxime (III) and bistetrazoledihydroxide (IV) and ending products TKX-50 (V) and ABTOX (VI) have been attempted to correlate with the results obtained from molecular electrostatic potentials and band gaps calculated from the difference of ionization potential and electron affinity. The molecular electrostatic potential values of azido attached -NO group of III is much less than that of hydro/chloro attached -NO group of I/II and that of tetrazole groups IV, V and VI. The band gaps calculated have shown the stability trend in the increasing order of III < II < I < IV < V < VI which is well corroborated with stability trend drawn from experimentally determined decomposition temperatures. Further, employing conceptual density functional theory (DFT) molecular descriptors, band gap values were calculated via the difference of ionization potential and electron affinity to understand the thermal stability of TKX-50, ABTOX and its precursors.
VidAnalytics: ML-based Video Analysis for Identification of Target Audience in Business Development
Authors: Mehta Dhruv , Gandhi Harvy , Parekh Jinay , Sharma Tanya , Kanani Pratik , Kore Aniket
Published: October 2022

Content creators throughout the globe are confronted with an issue that cannot be solved by creativity. In today's competitive marketing landscape, ensuring that your product is advertised to the correct audience in the proper direction is critical. A video Indexer combines multiple audio and video Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into a single integrated service, simplifying development. This paper presents a clean, one-stop solution that will instantly assist anyone wishing to sell their product by abstracting away all the dirty API calls and loading windows. This is done by offering three core services: label identification (video analysis), keyword identification (audio analysis), and sentiment analysis. Combining insights from these channels provides a list of Reddit communities that the user can then target to market their content effectively. Furthermore, by recognizing the sentiments inside the video, the user has an advantage by acquiring specific target markets for where to distribute their content. Additionally, intelligent emotion filtering allows users to customize the message's tone.
Nutritional status and associated factors among adult on Antiretro-viral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kabtu Nigus , Feleke Tesfaye , Kefelew Etenesh , Temesgen Darik , Yihune Manaye , Zerihun Eshetu
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Nutritional status is continuing a major public health concern in low income countries. Now a day, sub-Saharan African countries are facing double burden of malnutrition. There are evidences on underweight among general population, but limited evidences on overweight/obesity among people living with HIV. Thus, this study is designed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among adult on antiretroviral therapy.

Objective:

To assess nutritional status and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods:

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2022, among systematically selected 414 adults on antiretroviral therapy. The data were collected by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, patient record review, and physical measurements. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 with its 95% CI was considered as a statistically significant and interpreted accordingly.

Results:

The magnitude of Underweight and Overweight/Obese were 28.3% (95% CI: 24.0-32.9)) and 13.3% (95% CI: 10.2–17.0)) respectively. Divorced (AOR = 3.71(1.345–7.496)), not finishing CPT (AOR = 2.96(1.41–6.231)), taking < 5 food groups (AOR = 2.87(1.574–5.266)), food insecure (AOR = 2.69(1.163–6.234)), and chewing khat (AOR = 2.78(1.09–7.114)) were significantly associated with underweight as compared to normal. Whereas, drinking alcohol (AOR = 1.61(1.09–3.61)), and monthly income of < 2000 ETB (AOR = 0.33(0.115–0.954)) were significantly associated with overweight/obese as compared to normal among adults on antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion:

The magnitude of underweight among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is higher and magnitude of overweight/obese among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is lower as compared from most of the previous studies. Divorce, taking < 5 food groups, food insecured and chewing khat were factors for underweight, and income and alcohol drinking were factors for overweight/obese. Therefore, this finding shows the need to implement nutritional supplement and health education to improve the nutritional status of adults living with HIV in the study area.
Rogue waves on the periodic background in the extended mKdV equation
Authors: Zhen Yanpei
Published: October 2022

We construct new exact solutions for the extended mKdV (emKdV) equation, The exact solutions are obtained by nonlinearization of spectral problem associated with the travelling periodic waves and using the one-fold, two-fold Darboux transformation. We consider the dnoidal travelling periodic wave and cnoidal travelling periodic wave of the emKdV equation. Since the dnoidal travelling periodic wave is modulationally stable, the algebraic solutions propagating on dnoidal periodic background. However, since the cnoidal travelling periodic wave is modulationally unstable, the rogue wave generated on the cnoidal periodic background.
Research on Ecological Compensation for Construction Land from a Carbon Emission Perspective
Authors: Lei Na , Zhang Yang , Li Juan
Published: October 2022

Construction lands are the main sources of carbon emissions. In this study, data on the energy consumption, permanent population, and gross domestic product (GDP) of Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2018 were collected. Using a carbon emission assessment model, the emissions from all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province were evaluated. Ecological compensation standards for carbon emissions were determined. The analyses showed the following results: (1) From 2010 to 2018, the total and per capita carbon emissions from construction land showed an upward trend. Generally, the carbon emissions per unit GDP for all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province showed a downward trend. (2) The total, per capita, and per unit GDP regional carbon emissions in Shaanxi Province varied significantly. In 2010 and 2018, Yulin and Yangling Demonstration Area showed the highest and lowest total carbon emissions, respectively. Yulin and Shangluo showed the highest and lowest per capita carbon emissions, respectively. In 2010, the highest and lowest carbon emissions per unit GDP were from Weinan and Xi’an, respectively, whereas in 2018, they were from Tongchuan and Xi’an, respectively. (3) The construction land area correlates with the carbon emissions from Shaanxi Province between 2010 and 2018, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9248. The fitted function can be used as a model for predicting carbon emissions and can provide a scientific basis for quantitative accounting of carbon emissions from construction land. (4) According to moderate estimates, the ecological compensation that should be provided by all the cities and the demonstration area in Shaanxi Province for 2018 is 1.29 to 1.44 times that for 2010. The growth periods were the shortest and longest for Yangling Demonstration Area and Tongchuan, respectively. These results can act as a reference to plan low-carbon, green, and sustainable economic development in Shaanxi Province.
Regularity and mechanism of fake crackle noise in an electronic stethoscope： A observational study
Authors: Ye Peitao , Li Qiasheng , Jian Wenhua , Liu Shuyi , Tan Lunfang , Chen Wenya , Zhang Dongying , Zheng Jinping
Published: October 2022

Background: Electronic stethoscopes are widely used for cardiopulmonary auscultation; their audio recordings are used for the intelligent recognition of cardiopulmonary sounds. However, they generate noise similar to a crackle during use, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. This paper will discuss the causes, characteristics, and occurrence rules of the fake crackle and establish a reference for improving the reliability of the electronic stethoscope in lung auscultation.
Methods: A total of 56 participants with healthy lungs (no underlying pulmonary disease, no recent respiratory symptoms, and no adventitious lung sound, as confirmed by an acoustic stethoscope) were enrolled in this study. A 30-s audio recording was recorded from each of the nine locations of the larynx and lungs of each participant with a 3M Littmann 3200 electronic stethoscope, and the audio was output in diaphragm mode and auscultated by the clinician. The doctor identified the fake crackles and analyzed their frequency spectrum. High-pass and low-pass filters were used to detect the frequency distribution of the fake crackles. Finally, the fake crackle was artificially regenerated to explore its causes.
Results: A total of 500 audio recordings were included in the study, with 61 fake crackle audio recordings. Fake crackles were found predominantly in the lower lung. There were significant differences between lower lung and larynx (P < 0.001), lower lung and upper lung (P = 0.005), lower lung and middle lung (P = 0.005), and lower lung and infrascapular region (P = 0.027). Furthermore, morethan 90% of fake crackles appeared in the inspiratory phase, similar to fine crackles, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. The spectral analysis revealed that the frequency range of fake crackles was approximately 250–1950 Hz. The fake crackle was generated when the diaphragm of the electronic stethoscope left the skin slightly but not completely.
Conclusion: Fake crackles are most likely to be heard when using an electronic stethoscope to auscultate bilateral lower lungs, and the frequency of a fake crackle is close to that of a crackle, likely affecting the clinician’s diagnosis.
The health-related quality of life among the elderly in northwest China
Authors: Qi Mingrui , Bao Yun , Wang Wenjuan , Han Jing , Shi Zhao , Tian Limin
Published: October 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate health state utility (HSU) and compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly people in northwest China, and explore the factors affecting the HRQoL
Methods
In 2021, 1500 elderly were randomly recruited in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, the EQ-5D-5L and 15D scales were used to measure HRQoL and HSU. Descriptive analyses, such as demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, etc. And the Tobit regression and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the related factors of HSU.
Result
A total of 1,320 older adults completed the study, and 35.3% elderly were normal weight; overweight elderly were 445(33.7%); obese elderly were 409 (31%). These elderly’s HSU was 0.941, 0.930, and 0.909 in the EQ-5D-5L, and in the 15D scale were 0.872, 0.858, and 0.845. Those aged 65–70, 70–75, 75–80 and above 80 HSU were 0.93, 0.927, 0.920 and 0.882 in the EQ-5D scale ( 0.867, 0.857, 0.850, and 0.837 in 15D). Males and females HSU were 0.939 and 0.918 ( 0.879 and 0.844 in 15D). Subgroup analysis, Tobit regression, and multiple linear regression showed that BMI, gender, age, marital status, and previous medical history were all related to the HRQoL of the elderly.
Conclusion
The EQ-5D-5L and 15D scales were used to measure the HSU of elderly people in northwest China and found overweight or obese, female, older age, marital status, and previous medical history. were closely associated with impaired HRQoL in the elderly.
Assessment of Vulnerability to Urban Floods in Greater Mumbai, India Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Mann Rohit , Gupta Anju
Published: October 2022

Urban flooding as well as its socio-economic repercussions is dramatically escalating globally in several coastal cities due to changes in rainfall patterns triggered by climate change. The principal aim of the study is to evaluate the flood vulnerable locations in Mumbai by using a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) approach. The weights of flood-vulnerable impacting parameters like rainfall, slope, land use/cover (LULC), vicinity to sewers and storm water drainage, vicinity to natural drainage, vegetation, and soil are evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The weights for said parameters are determined by using AHP, and they are as follows: rainfall (29.42%), slope (20.96%), LULC (17.52%), vicinity to sewers and storm water drainage (13.99%), vicinity to natural drainage (8.97%), vegetation (5.58%), and soil (3.56%). In the study area, it is estimated that 46.72% of the area is classified as being severe vulnerable, 18.74% of the area as high to very high and just 34.54% of the area as slight to moderate. Researchers were able to validate the modelling conclusion by examination of all 234 water-logged locations in the study area. Most of the water-logged spots i.e. 85.46% were found in areas that fall under the category of severe to very high vulnerability and only 14% of locations fall in other three categories as per the data of the flooding sites that are collected from MCGM authorities. These model-based flood vulnerable scenario maps are crucial for planning flood conservation and control measures to prioritize the area based on the degree of vulnerability.
The association of collaterals with myocardial ischemia and viability in chronic total occlusions
Authors: Leite Luís , Campos Gustavo , Silva Rodolfo , Jorge Elisabete , Oliveira-Santos Manuel , Gomes Andreia , Gonçalves Lino , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Abrunhosa Antero , Ferreira Maria João
Published: October 2022

Collateral development in chronic total occlusions (CTO) is crucial to perfuse the distal myocardium and its angiographic evaluation is frequently used to assess the need for revascularization. We aimed to analyse the association between the presence of ischemia and hibernating myocardium, evaluated by cardiac [13N]NH3/2-[18F]FDG PET-CT, and the angiographic characterization of the collateral circulation. Prospective study including patients with a CTO who underwent a [13N]NH3 and, when deemed necessary, 2-[18F]FDG PET-CT. Well developed (WD) collaterals were defined as a concomitant angiographic Rentrop grade 3 and Werner collateral connection score 2 or 3, whereas the remaining as poorly developed (PD). Two percentage thresholds used to identify prognostic benefit of revascularization were applied: ischemia >10% and hibernating myocardium >7%. Fifty-nine patients (age 62.9±9.1 years, 58 male) were recruited, WD collaterals were present in 28 (47.5%). No significant differences were found in ischemia (WD 6.4±4.3 vs. PD 7.0±4.1, p=0.64) and hibernation (WD 1.8±1.9 vs. PD 3.1±3.3, p=0.18) scores. Most CTO territories demonstrated ischemia, but only 19 (46.3%) were associated with an area >10% (WD 47.6% vs. PD 45.0%, p=0.58). Scared non-viable myocardium was limited to 9 (15.3%) patients and was not associated with PD collaterals. Hibernating myocardium was frequent (54.2%), but just 6 (10.2%) CTO patients had an area of >7% (WD 3.6% vs. PD 16.1%, p=0.20). Collateral assessment by angiography has a poor association with the ischemic burden and hibernation state of CTO territories. Myocardial viability was present even in most CTO with angiographic PD collaterals.
PEGylated emissive CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3 nanocrystals for the UV mediated superior degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Ekici Derya Dincyurek , Mutlugun Evren
Published: October 2022

This work focuses on the degradation of methylene blue (MB), which has a toxic effect in water and cannot be completely removed by classical methods, i.e. under UV light. Photocatalytic nanoparticles produced in heterogeneous structure were carried out by examining the interaction of MB with our pegylated core-shell CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3 nanocrystals under UV light in a dye-stuff solution medium. In our study CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized and then, PEG has been attached to the surface upon careful surface engineering. The amount and time of catalyst upon degradation of MB under these conditions were investigated. The PEG:(CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3) nanocomposite enable the degradation of MB with a photocataliytic degradation rate of 16,5*10− 3 min-1 in 30 mins, which is found to be more than 4,9 times when compared with the pegylated bare Fe2O3. It is worth noting that further optimizing the PEG:(CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3) and the MB ratio the reaction rate reaches the maximum level of 63,12*10− 3 min-1. The PEG-(CdSe/ZnS@Fe2O3) nanocomposite exhibited a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 84,2% within 30 min for methylene blue under visible light.
Family history of Glaucoma in patients diagnosed with Systemic Hypertension and Diabetes: The Colombian Glaucoma study.
Authors: Rivera Carlos Eduardo , Libreros-Peña Laura , Hernández Carlos Andrés , Morales Valentin , Marulanda Jesús , Ferreira Maria Catalina , Shah Ahsan , Aristizabal Juan Carlos , Muñoz Edgar , Seth Ankur
Published: October 2022

Background
It is estimated that worldwide, 76 million people have some type of glaucoma, 57.5 million are affected by Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), the relationship between family history of glaucoma and development of this disease has not been established so far in Latin American populations. We aim to establish the relationship between the Family History of Glaucoma in Colombian patients diagnosed with Systemic Hypertension (SH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM).
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Colombia, 2,067 subjects older than 50 diagnosed with SH or DM were included. Participants underwent to a complete ophthalmic and medical examination, standardized questionnaires, and interviews aiming to evaluate participants’ health conditions and lifestyles.
Results
In patients with a Family History of Glaucoma an OR: 2.11 ( 95% CI 1.33–3.34) was assessed for the presence of glaucoma, confirmed POAG was more frequent in men of all ages, patients from 70 to 79 years of age, OR: 0.54 ( 95% CI 0.36–0.79), and patients older than 80 years of age, OR: 0.47.
Conclusion
We established a relation between family history of Glaucoma in Colombian glaucoma patients diagnosed with SH and DM over 50 years of age. Screening for glaucoma should be recommended in high-risk groups, such as relatives of glaucoma patients.
Biodiversity conservation in the digital age, will Africa meet the challenge?
Authors: GANGLO Jean Cossi
Published: October 2022

Digital accessible Knowledge (DAK) is of utmost importance for biodiversity conservation; indeed, their use are indispensable to provide evidence and strategies to support decision-making on natural resource management and sustainable use. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org) is a mega data infrastructure with more than two billion occurrence records as of 28th May 2022. It is by far the largest initiative assembling and sharing DAK to support scientific research, conservation, and sustainable development. We decided to analyze plant data published on GBIF site at the scale of Africa. This will highlight the contribution of the continent to GBIF and thereby underline data gaps across taxonomic groups, basis of records, and geographic space. In order to achieve our purpose, we downloaded data of the Plantae kingdom from Africa. They are available at https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.f79228. We achieved data treatment and analysis using R, several packages and related functions. Although Africa is home to a rich biodiversity with many hotspots, the global data contribution of Africa to GBIF is still incredibly low (1.37%). Furthermore, there are huge disparities between African countries with South Africa contributing alone for 65% of the data of the continent. The plant data of Africa (2,713,790 occurrence records) accounted for 9.11% of the data of the continent; this underlines huge gaps between taxonomic groups. Furthermore, the Magnoliopsida is the dominant plant class with the highest number of records (79.62%) and the highest number of species (71.85%) followed by the Liliopsida with 15.10% of the records and 18.16% of the species. Two basis of records were dominant: preserved specimens (75.49%) and human observation (18.60%). In geographic space, plant data gaps are also quite huge across the continent at either spatial resolution (half degree or one degree spatial grid cells); data completeness is more achieved in West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, and Madagascar. The huge multidimensional data gaps identified in this study should be in priority addressed in the future data collections. Accessibility either by roads or waterways and protected areas are underpinning factors of data completeness across the continent. We deplored important data loss during the process of data cleaning; indeed the total number of records with adequate coordinates accounted for 71.03% of the initial data while the data fitness for use in completeness analysis (records with adequate coordinates and full dates) are only about 65% of the total data records initially downloaded.
Grünes Kartellrecht: Wettbewerbspolitisches Plädoyer für einen «more environmental approach»
Authors: Bremer Frank , Ritz Michèle
Published: October 2022

Die Bewahrung der Umwelt erweist sich immer mehr als überlebenskritische gesellschaftliche Generationenaufgabe. Obschon der Fokus auf staatlichen Massnahmen liegt, ist auch die Mitwirkung der Wirtschaft und damit der den Regeln des Kartellgesetzes unterstehenden Marktteilnehmer unabdingbar. Das schweizerische Kartellgesetz verfügt über vielfältige Schnittstellen für die wettbewerbliche Berücksichtigung von Umweltbelangen. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Beurteilungsgrundsätze für Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen durch Umweltabreden und die Berücksichtigungsfähigkeit pro-kompetitiver Umwelteffizienzen. Die Wettbewerbsbehörden stehen dabei im Sinne eines «more environmental approach» in der Verantwortung, die Voraussetzungen für eine Rechtssicherheit vermittelnde umweltkartellrechtliche Anwendungspraxis zu schaffen und damit die Transformation in eine grüne zukunftsfähige Wirtschaft proaktiv mitzugestalten.

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La préservation de l'environnement constitue une responsabilité sociale critique pour la survie des générations actuelles et futures. Bien que l'accent soit mis sur les mesures étatiques, la participation des acteurs du marché soumis aux règles de la loi sur les cartels est également indispensable. La loi suisse sur les cartels permet de considérer les questions environnementales et peut fournir aux entreprises en Suisse des réponses concurrentielles aux défis environnementaux. Cela concerne notamment les principes d'évaluation des restrictions à la concurrence par des accords environnementaux et la prise en compte des rendements environnementaux dans une perspective pro-concurentielle. Dans le sens d'une « more environmental approach », les autorités de concurrence ont la responsabilité de mettre en œuvre un droit des cartels environnemental garantissant la sécurité juridique et de participer ainsi de manière proactive à la transition vers une économie verte et durable.
Trabalho Noturno e Melatonina: Implicações na Saúde Bucal
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigo Martins , Latari Gestter Willian , Belardi Bianca Elvira , Verônica Saori Tsosura Thais , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Mattera Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho , Dias Gabriel Zopolatto Turci , Matsushita Dóris Hissako
Published: October 2022

Interrupções nos ritmos hormonais, sono, padrões alimentares e exposição à luz ocorrem durante o trabalho em turnos. O sono é afetado pelo trabalho em turnos, em parte devido à incapacidade de mudar o ritmo circadiano do sono para corresponder ao horário de trabalho. Mudanças no estilo de vida que causam distúrbios no ritmo circadiano podem ter uma influência negativa no comportamento da saúde bucal, como a frequência na escovação, e ingestão de açúcar. A partir disso, nossa hipótese é de que trabalhadores noturnos podem estar mais suscetíveis a problemas de saúde bucal como perda de dentes e dentes cariados. Com isso, essa mini revisão tenta elucidar as possíveis relações entre o trabalho noturno e a saúde bucal, bem como se há uma possível correlação entra ambas. Embora haja poucos estudos relacionando o trabalho noturno e seus efeitos na saúde bucal, há fortes indícios de que o trabalho noturno afeta a saúde periodontal da população em diferentes níveis principalmente quando comparado a indivíduos saudáveis que trabalham em períodos regulares que não sejam no turno da noite, aceitando-se a hipótese levantada no estudo.
Characteristics and performance analysis of different grain sizes bamboo-activated carbons for motorcycle flue gas adsorption
Authors: Negara Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Sucipta Made , Widiyarta I Made , Hariwangsa I Putu
Published: October 2022

The use of fossil fuels in human activities such as motorcycles has led to an increase in the concentration emitted in the atmosphere. Various efforts and methods such as adsorption using activated carbon have been developed and applied to reduce the emission. Therefore, this study focuses on the characteristics and performance of bamboo-activated carbons in the adsorption of motorcycle flue gases. This was carried out using different grain sizes (z) of activated carbons AC-M1, AC-M2, and AC-M3 for grain sizes of z≤250, 250<z≤420, and 420<z≤590 microns, respectively, which were derived from swat bamboo and carbonized at a temperature of 750 ○C. Furthermore, physical activation was applied by heating the charcoal at the same temperature under a nitrogen flow rate of 150 mL/min nitrogen. The Thermogravimetric (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adsorption isotherm tests were employed for the characterization of activated carbons. Additionally, the performances of activated carbons for motorcycle flue gas adsorption (CO2, CO, and HC) were carried out by a motorcycle emission test. According to the results, activated carbon AC-M1 produced the best characteristics and performance for adsorption of motorcycle flue gas, as it has a pore volume of 0.135 cm3/g, a specific surface area of 244.69 m2/g, and a nitrogen adsorption capacity of 87.047 cm3/g. These characteristics prove to have good adsorption efficiencies at 100 %, 87.30 %, and 100 % for adsorption of CO2, CO, and HC, respectively.
Analysis of cosmological bias within spherical collapse model
Authors: Mohanty Sujata , Gopal Rajesh
Published: October 2022

The goal of our research work is to analyze cosmological bias parameter. Parametric equations of spherical collapse model are used to calculate the values of spherical collapse over density and mass variance, which is further used in bias formulae to find the values of cosmological bias. Spherical collapse over density has been calculated in the range of redshift 0 to 1. Also, it is compared with the value according to the spherical collapse model. Bias is one of the parameters which are utilized to infer cosmological parameters. Extracting the cosmological parameters is very much useful to know and understand about the birth and evolution of our universe. As there is no direct probe to get the idea about the existence of dark matter. Bias factor helps to analyze about dark matter. The bias coefficient of higher order terms in Taylor series expansion are found to be in ascending order. Increasing values of bias indicate the large-scale structure formation at current epoch is more and more clustered. Values of bias are discussed in result. Also, bias values have been analyzed for redshift in the range 2 to 0. The graph has been plotted bias versus redshift. Let’s found bias decreases with decrease of redshift. That means bias evolves with redshift. Bias value less than one and negative value of bias implies that structure formation is in linear region and higher values of bias indicates the structure formation occurs in nonlinear region. Negative value of bias is also called as antibias. That means the structure formation has not started yet. It is still in linear region. The bias value nearly equal to one indicates that the structure formation has been transformed from linear region to nonlinear region. So, the result showing bias values greater than one indicates that evolution of structure formation occurs in nonlinear region.
Experimental determination of the heat exchange coefficient of industrial steam pipelines
Authors: Kostov Konstantin , Ivanov Ivan , Atanasov Koycho , Nikolov Chavdar , Kalchev Stefan
Published: October 2022

The article discusses and analyses the factors related to the use of a thermal imaging camera to determine heat loss in industrial steam pipelines at factories from chemical and metallurgical industry, by measuring their surface temperature. The generally accepted enthalpy method for determination of the loss has serious drawback it gives accurate results, but in averaged units in which it is impossible to take account of the contribution of the different parts and components of the pipeline in the total heat loss. The unavailability of information on where, how and in what way along the route this loss is formed does not allow prompt and specific measures to be taken for its reduction. An attempt has been made to structure empirically a reliable analytic dependence for determination of the heat exchange coefficient, bringing together the various factors influencing the heat exchange. By the method of the least squares the free coefficient and the exponent have been determined of criterion equation satisfying initial and boundary conditions of the experiment. Based on the obtained results for determining the heat losses by measuring the surface temperature of steam pipelines with a thermal imaging system, a reliable and acceptable method is proposed, which has a place in engineering practice. For this purpose, an industrial experiment has been carried out at three actually operating steam pipelines of different diameters and steam parameters. A criterion equation has been derived that can be used as a mathematical model for software products with a practical orientation for regular assessment of heat losses of steam pipelines. Values of heat losses determined through energy balance of heat carrier and heat flux from the outer surface of the steam pipelines have been compared. Results for the heat exchange coefficient, obtained through a balance have been compared with the analytically determined values based on current standards. A new method has been developed for express evaluations of the current heat losses of the steam pipeline in real time, as the sum of the losses through its individual components gives as average values 9÷12 % increased results for the losses compared to the enthalpy method. Its great advantage is that it can be used selectively to determine the losses through individual sections of the steam pipeline.
Interaction of cyanidin with a hydroxylated surface (kaolin), modeling the effect of pН
Authors: Kaurkovska Veronika , Kaurkovska Kateryna
Published: October 2022

The development of interest in anthocyanins in recent years is associated with an increase in the range of applications of these natural glycosides, contained in plants and berries, the color changes from red to blue with increasing pH. In addition to coloring properties (clay, fabric, hair), the use of anthocyanins – components of red and blue berries (including blueberries) – helps to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and more.Most practical studies concern the interaction of anthocyanins with surfaces (clay, tissue, gastrointestinal mucosa, etc.) that have many hydroxyl groups. Therefore, the question of determining the approximate pH range is relevant, in which such an interaction is most likely. The aim of the work was to determine the priority form of the dye (according to the pH of the medium), which can be better fixed on the surface of kaolinSimulation of the interaction of cyanidin with the surface of white clay was performed by the Hartree-Fock-Rutaan method, using the GAMESS software package.The paper presents the results of modeling the interaction of different forms of the anthocyanin model – cyanidin (the content of cyanidin in plants is 50 % of the mass of all types of anthocyanins) in solutions with pH<3 (red – forms of cyanidin), 3<pH<7 (violet) and pH>7 (blue) with a hydroxylated surface of white clay – kaolin, having different types of hydroxyl groups.

The aglycone part of the cyanidin molecule artificially was approached at a distance of approximately 2.5 Å to the surface of kaolin.

It was shown, that the quinoid form of cyanidin (violet) was the most active of the three forms, mainly in interaction with the silanol groups of the kaolin surface.  The form of cyanidin at pH<3 (red) have the lowest energies of interaction with the surface of kaolin
Kalajoen kahakka. Viimeinen kansankapina 1953
Authors: Saari Juho
Published: October 2022

Kalajoki Clash. The Last People’s Rebellion in 1953 Nothing exceptional happened in front of the youth association building in Kalajoki on 9 September 1953. There was a minor confrontation between regional police forces and local youth, but hundreds of similar events happened in small municipalities across Finland. The event took about ten minutes, nobody was seriously hurt, and collective feelings quickly calmed down. However, after extensive investigations, the regional prosecutor thought otherwise and prosecuted half a dozen local men for rebellion against the state in January 1954. The district court agreed. The municipality was shocked, and the Finnish society was taken by surprise. The case ended up in Supreme Court. This book analyses why and how the last rebellion in the history of Finland occurred in a tiny municipality on the west coast of Finland. The analysis is based on historical microsociology that integrates the insights of microhistory and microsociology into event structure analysis and collective memory studies.