bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Shear Bond Strength in Orthodontic Brackets between Milled and 3D-Printed Definitive CAD-CAM Restorations
Authors: Aldosari Mohammad , Anany Noha M , Alaqeely Razan , Alsenaidi Jawaher , Sufyan Aref , Talaat Sameh , Bourauel Christoph , Elshazly Tarek M , Alhotan Abdulaziz
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to two types of CAD/CAM composite restorations: milled and 3D-printed.
Materials and Methods: A total of 160 flat-shaped specimens (10×10×2 mm³) were prepared from four different CAD-CAM composites; two milled (Lava Ultimate™ [LU], and Grandio™ [GR]) and two 3D-printed (Crowntec™ [CT] and C&B Permanent™ [CB]). These specimens underwent thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5-55 °C), then were categorized based on the surface treatment into four groups (n=10): Group C (control, no surface treatment), Group HF (treated with 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid), Group DB (mechanical roughening by a diamond bur), and Group SB (sandblasting using aluminum oxide). Metal brackets were bonded, stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours, then thermocycled again. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using a universal testing machine until bracket debonding occurred. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed using a stereomicroscope to quantify the residual adhesive following debonding.
Result: Regarding material, GR and LU restorations had significantly higher SBS values compared to CT and CB, ranging from 13.90 MPa to 20.35 MPa. Regarding surface treatment, SB and HF groups showed significantly higher SBS values. The ARI scores showed different adhesive modes of failure, with higher instances of scores 0 and 1 which indicate no or minimal adhesive remaining.
Conclusion: Both milled and 3D-printed materials had adequate SBS for clinical use, with milled materials showing superior results. Surface treatments like sandblasting and HF significantly improved bond strength, with adhesive failure being common.
Development of a Herb-Based Dietary Ingredient with Potential Nootropic Properties: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Navarro Pau , Meissner Justyna , Mullor José L. , Caturla Nuria , Jones Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Brain health is a matter of great importance as we age, where memory loss and other cognitive declines become slowly apparent. There are numerous natural solutions, called nootropics, that can help mitigate this natural process. While some, such as ginkgo biloba, have been traditionally used for centuries, in many cases there is a lack of scientific evidence on their potential mechanisms and efficacy. To this end, the objective of the current study is to evaluate and compare several standardized herb extracts with potential nootropic effects, and from this analysis develop a formula and confirm its effect in healthy volunteers with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 9 standardized herb extracts were chosen based on previous scientific evidence and tested in human neural stem cell cultures exposed to oxidative stress. The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), NRF2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also analyzed. As a result, it was observed that an extract from Salvia officinalis revealed to have the most noticeable effect among the herbs analyzed. In further tests it was confirmed that its combination with rutin, a phenolic compound with potential nootropic effects, increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, as well as inhibiting acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. Finally, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted, testing the effects of the combination at two different doses, for 12 weeks, in healthy volunteers aged 50+ with mild cognitive impairment. Two questionnaires were applied, the MoCA and ADAS-Cog. As a result, both doses significantly improved several characteristics related to memory, particularly memory recall, with a more noticeable effect in the higher dose. Therefore, the results suggest that the long-term intake, at least 6-12 weeks, of a natural herb blend comprised of Salvia officinalis and rutin can help improve certain brain health-related parameters in healthy subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
EEG Signal Correlation Study Towards Possible Epileptic Foci Localization
Authors: Doll Theodor , Stieglitz Thomas , Heumann Anna Sofie , Wójcik Daniel Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The precise localisation of epileptic foci with the help of EEG or ECoG signals is still a clinical challenge that is rarely successful, except in the case of foci that are very close to the surface and allow a clear assignment to a single electrode. On the research side, dipole reconstruction of instantaneous excitation fields via the lead-field matrix or the evaluation of time-dependent phase shifts in the measurements seem to be still possible and are under development. For the latter, we have investigated the necessary correlation of signals in the time range up to a few hundred milliseconds in an EEG of a healthy subject (self-experiment). We find periods of up to 190 msec in length in which a correlation over short latencies succeeds very well, alternating with periods in which long-range correlations occur while the short latencies come to a standstill. An automatic propagation time focus localisation to be developed therefore appears possible if an underlying state monitoring system independently recognises the suitable time periods and then successfully performs the comparatively shortest-range triangulation calculations over these.
Contribution to the Statistical Mechanics of Static Triplet Correlations and Structures in Quantum Fluids
Authors: Sesé Luis M.
Published: September 2024

The current developments in the theory of quantum static triplet correlations and their associated structures (real r-space and Fourier k-space) in monatomic fluids are reviewed. The main framework utilized is Feynman’s path integral formalism (PI) and the issues addressed cover quantum diffraction effects and zero-spin bosonic exchange. The structures are associated with the external weak fields that reveal their nature, and due attention is paid to the underlying pair level structures. Without the pair level one cannot fully grasp the triplet extensions in the hierarchical ladder of structures, as both the pair and the triplet structures are essential ingredients in the triplet response functions. Three general classes of PI structures do arise: centroid, total continuous linear response, and instantaneous. Use of functional differentiation techniques is widely made and, as a bonus, this leads to identify an exact extension of the “classical isomorphism” when the centroid structures are considered. In this connection, the direct correlation functions, as borrowed from classical statistical mechanics, play a key role (either exact or approximate) in the corresponding quantum applications. Additionally, as an auxiliary framework, the traditional closure schemes for triplets are also discussed, owing to their potential usefulness for rationalizing PI triplet results. To illustrate some basic concepts, new numerical calculations (path integral Monte Carlo PIMC and closures) are reported. They are focused on the purely diffraction regime and deal with supercritical helium-3 and the quantum hard-sphere fluid.
Nutraceutical Strategies for Aging: Looking Towards Parkinson’s Disease and Frailty
Authors: Montanari Martina , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Martella Giuseppina
Published: September 2024

Aging is a complex and inevitable biological process characterized by a gradual decline in physiological function, including increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. While aging is a natural part of life, it is often accompanied by various disorders collectively known as age-related diseases (ARDs) or aging disorders. These include neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s (PD), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and frailty, among others. As the global population ages, the prevalence of ARDs such as PD and frailty is rising, necessitating innovative approaches to enhance healthy aging. Nutraceuticals are natural bioactive compounds in foods that offer health benefits beyond essential nutrition, which is pivotal in preventing and managing aging-related disorders. Nutraceuticals, with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, offer promising strategies to counteract these processes and promote healthy aging. This review highlights the potential of nutraceuticals as valuable adjuncts in managing PD and frailty, two conditions intricately linked to ARD. By examining the differential impacts of these bioactive compounds on the underlying mechanisms of each condition, this study underscores the promise of nutraceuticals in promoting healthy aging. The review aims to inform future research and clinical strategies by advocating for developing novel bioactive compounds, using advanced delivery technologies, and integrating personalized approaches based on genetic and epigenetic profiles. These efforts will pave the way for more precise, effective, and individualized interventions, ultimately extending health span and preventing ARD.
Magnetic Hopfions: A Review
Authors: Guslienko Konstantin
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in the research area of 3D magnetic topological solitons (hopfions) in restricted geometries are reviewed. The description of the magnetic solitons is based on macroscopic micromagnetic approach and the Landau-Lifshitz equation of the magnetization motion. The concepts of the gauge emergent vector potential and emergent magnetic field are widely used to calculate 3D topological charge (the Hopf index) of magnetic textures. The relation of the magnetic hopfions with classical field theory is demonstrated and a special role of the curvilinear toroidal coordinates in description of the hopfions is underlined. The hopfion stability and dynamics in ferromagnetic films and dots are considered. Some critical discussion of calculations of the magnetization emergent magnetic field and the Hopf index of the toroidal magnetic hopfions in restricted geometries is presented.
Characteristics of a 1200 V Hybrid Power Switch Comprising a Si IGBT and a SiC MOSFET
Authors: Sheikhan Alireza , Ekkanath Madathil Sankara Narayanan
Published: September 2024

Hybrid Power Switches (HPS) combine the advantages of SiC unipolar and Si bipolar devices and therefore can bridge the gap between these technologies. In this paper, the performance of a hybrid power switch configuration based on the latest SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT technologies is presented. The device is evaluated through experimental measurements of its characteristics under various conditions. The results show the HPS can achieve switching losses as low as a SiC MOSFET while offering the high current capability of the IGBT without significant increase in costs.
Modeling and Measurement of Tool Wear During Angular Positioning of a Round Cutting Insert of a Toroidal Milling Tool for Multi-axis Milling
Authors: Gdula Michał , Knapčíková Lucia , Huśar Jozef , Vandžura Radoslav
Published: September 2024

The aim of this work is to propose an angular positioning solution for the round cutting insert of an indexable insert torus milling cutter, dedicated to the multi-axis milling process under HSM conditions. The solution was based on the development of a wear model using a nonlinear estimation method with an eigenfunction, the development of a tool life model taking into account parameter of the cutter blade working angle and the method of reference marking and insert mounting, as well as the measurement methodology. The own function adopted to approximate the wear of the tool over its useful life is adequate and provides a prediction accuracy of 90%. The developed procedure for angular positioning and measurement enables the entire cutting edge of the cutting blade to be fully used, so that the total lifespan of the tool as an indexable insert tool is significantly extended. In addition, the measured largest defect values between the worn cutting edge and the nominal outline of the insert indicate the location of “notching” type wear.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Specific IgE to Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) in Food Allergy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bellia Chiara , Sardina Davide Stefano , Scazzone Concetta , Lio Domenico , Scola Letizia , Uasuf Carina Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of
molecular-based LTPs serum IgE for the diagnosis of food allergies in patients with suspected
allergy to one of the LTPs-containing food. Methods: cohort, prospective or retrospective cross-
sectional studies were considered for inclusion in the review. Oral food challenge (both open and
double-blind placebo-controlled) was the reference standard for the diagnosis. Pubmed
(MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrial.org were searched for relevant papers.
Risk of bias was assigned by QUADAS-2 tool. Data were reported as sensitivity and specificity.
Study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022321985). Results: Fifteen
articles, including 2395 individuals, were included. Sensitivity of Ara h 9 for peanut allergy
diagnosis ranged from 6 to 61%; specificity ranged from 57 to 100%. Cor a 8 sensitivity ranged
from 11 to 43%, with specificity ranging from 59 to 94%. Conclusions: Ara h9 and Cor a 8 serum
IgE may be useful to confirm diagnosis of peanut and hazelnut allergy in symptomatic patients,
although diagnostic accuracy is limited by low sensitivity. More investigation on other LTPs and in
adult population may be important to define the clinical role of this test in food allergies
diagnostics.
Utilization of Post-Process Osmotic Solution Based on Tomato Juice Through Spray Drying
Authors: Zimmer Aleksandra , Masztalerz Klaudia , Serowik Małgorzata , Nejman Mariusz , Lech Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The study focused on utilizing post-process osmotic solution enriched with inulin or maltodextrin, evaluating its potential for spray drying. Parameters such as yield, energy consumption, and the physical properties of the dried solutions and powders—including moisture content (Mc), water activity (Aw), color, true and bulk density, porosity, and glass transition temperature—were analyzed. The effects of carrier type, concentration, and inlet temperature (Tin) were systematically examined. Samples dried with maltodextrin demonstrated over 50% higher yield than those with inulin, with the highest yield of 32.13±0.64% and the lowest yield of 2.75±0.48%. Higher Tin improved drying efficiency by reducing Mc but also caused darker powders. Energy consumption increased with rising Tin, peaking at 2295±51 kJ. The Spray Drying Energy Index (SDEI) was introduced to assess energy consumption relative to powder yield, with the most favorable SDEI values observed for processes with the highest total energy consumption. These same samples exhibited lower Mc and Aw values. The lowest bulk density was 0.455±0.004 g·cm-3, while porosity was 58.3±0.7%. The results highlight the potential of spray drying as a sustainable method for utilizing by-products from osmotic dehydration, aligning with the principles of sustainable food practices.
Exploring Round Dataset for Domain Generalization in Autonomous Vehicle Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Zhang Zikai
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the RounD dataset to enhance the understanding of motion forecasting for autonomous vehicles in complex roundabout environments. We implement a trajectory prediction framework that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with graph-based modules to model vehicle interactions. Our primary objective is to assess the generalizability of a standard trajectory prediction model across diverse training and testing datasets. Through extensive experiments, we analyze how varying data distributions, including different road configurations and recording times, influence the model’s prediction accuracy and robustness. This study provides key insights into the challenges of domain generalization in autonomous vehicle trajectory prediction.
Sustainable Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications
Authors: Weerarathna Induni Nayodhara , KUMAR PRAVEEN , Luharia Anurag , Mishra Gaurav
Published: September 2024

The utilization of sustainable biomaterials in pharmaceutical and medical applications has garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential to address environmental concerns while meeting the demands of modern healthcare. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and applications of sustainable biomaterials in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Beginning with an exploration of sustainable sourcing methods and production techniques, the review highlights the importance of eco-friendly practices in biomaterial development. Subsequently, it delves into the diverse range of sustainable biomaterials, including biopolymers, natural extracts, and bio-based nanoparticles, elucidating their properties and biomedical applications. Moreover, the chapter discusses the role of sustainable biomaterials in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound healing, and medical device fabrication, emphasizing their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and therapeutic efficacy. Along with discussions on regulatory issues and commercialization prospects, the potential and challenges related to the integration of sustainable biomaterials into pharmaceutical and medical practices are also critically reviewed. By elucidating the advancements and potential of sustainable biomaterials, this article aims to inspire further research and innovation in the pursuit of environmentally friendly and effective solutions for healthcare applications.
Acupuncture-Assisted Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Yuqing
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on the quality of life, early recurrence rate, and heart rate variability in patients following radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation, as well as to assess its safety. Methods: Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 35 patients received acupuncture treatment post-radiofrequency ablation, forming the experimental group, while the remaining 35 patients received sham acupuncture treatment, constituting the control group. The acupuncture group targeted the Xinju (BL15), Neiguan (PC6), and Shenmen (HT07) points, whereas the sham acupuncture group received sham interventions at three non-meridian and non-acupoints. Both groups underwent acupuncture treatment twice weekly for a total of 24 consecutive sessions. After three months, the total scores on the Atrial Fibrillation Specific Quality of Life Scale (AFEQT)—including symptom scores, daily activity scores, treatment anxiety scores, atrial fibrillation control scores, and symptom improvement satisfaction scores—along with atrial fibrillation burden and satisfaction scores, were compared between the two patient groups. Additionally, the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation, frequency of hospitalizations due to arrhythmia, and incidence of adverse events occurring three months post-catheter ablation were also assessed. No significant differences were observed in the general baseline characteristics between the two groups. Results: The total AFEQT scores—including symptom scores, daily activity scores, treatment anxiety scores, atrial fibrillation control scores, and symptom improvement satisfaction scores—were significantly higher in both groups post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. Notably, patients in the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements in daily activity scores, treatment anxiety scores, and symptom improvement satisfaction scores compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding other measured outcomes. Conclusion: Acupuncture-assisted treatment of atrial fibrillation can improve the clinical efficacy of drugs and catheter ablation, help maintain sinus rhythm, increase sinus rhythm conversion rate, reduce ventricular rate, and shorten conversion time, and is safe and reliable.
Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study
Authors: Pinilla-Quintana Iván , Martín-Moraleda Evelyn , Hernández-Martínez Antonio , Mota Carmen , Martínez-Romero María Teresa , Gómez Nuria , García-Coll María Virginia , Cabanillas Esther , Dorado-Suárez Alberto , Santos Maria Paula , Crone Diane Marjorie , Romero-Blanco Cristina , Molina-García Javier , Mandic Sandra , Jiménez-Zazo Fabio , Aznar Susana
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Distance or urbanisation settings may affect active commuting to school (ACS). This study aimed to (i) detect home-school threshold distances of walking to school and (ii) predict walkable distances among adolescents in different urbanisation settings and both sexes, and (iii) to identify variables predicting adolescents’ ACS, in a central Spain region. Methods: The PACOyPACA (Spanish acronym for Pedal-and-Walk to School, Pedal-and-Walk Home) study evaluated adolescents attending urban, semi-urban and rural schools from Castilla-La Mancha region. The sample included 448 adolescents [48.9% females, mean age 14.80 (SD=0.60)] living closer than 5,100m from school. Distance was divided into deciles to detect which adolescents walked more. Most walkable distances within the whole sample, by sex and by urbanisation settings were predicted using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Variables affecting ACS were found with binary logistic regression. Significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most adolescents walked to school (73.1%). Commuting modes differed significantly by urbanisation settings (p=0.001), but not by sex. Most walked when living around 1,400m from school or closer within the whole sample, in both sexes and in urban and semi-urban settings, and adolescents within rural settings did it until 750-900m. Walkable distances were 1,350m for the whole sample and both sexes, and 1,450, 1,350 and 800 within urban, semi-urban and rural settings, respectively. Distance was the only predictor of ACS (p<0.001). Conclusions: Walkable home-school distances differed based on urbanisation settings, which may be due to the classification of urbanisation settings. This study addresses schools within scarcely populated areas.
Eczematous Adverse Drug Reaction after Selpercatinib Treatment: Case Report
Authors: Li Bingrun , Cao Peng , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Litao
Published: September 2024

This study reports a 50-year-old patient presented with eczematous drug-eruption induced by selpercatinib after the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient has symmetric erythematous papules and plaques all over the body with dry, scaly skin accompanied by severe pruritus and visible scarring. After systemic treatment with glucocorticoids, the skin lesions of the patient were well reduced. Currently, the medical literature on the incidence of selpercatinib-induced cutaneous eczematous reactions and their clinical management is scarce. Therefore, this study provides novel evidence for the treatment of selpercatinib-induced cutaneous eczematous reactions.
Relationship between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Autophagy–Related Genes in Obese Humans. A Narrative Review
Authors: Bednarczyk Martyna , Dąbrowska-Szeja Nicola , Łętowski Dariusz , Waniczek Dariusz , Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak Sylwia , Muc-Wierzgoń Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

Obesity is one of the world's major public health challenges. Its pathogenesis and comorbid metabolic disorders share common mechanisms, such as mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction or oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, chronic in-flammation and altered autophagy. Numerous pro-autophagy dietary interventions are being investigated for their potential obesity-preventing or therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize current data on the relationship between autophagy and obesity and discuss various non-pharmacological dietary interventions as regu-lators of autophagy-related genes in the prevention and ultimately treatment of obe-sity in humans, available in scientific databases and published through July 2024. Lifestyle modification (such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, physical exer-cise), a diet rich in flavonoids, antioxidants, specific fatty acids, specific amino acids and others have shown a beneficial role in the induction of this process. Induction of autophagy by heterogeneous interventions elicits a relatively homogeneous response characterized by activation of specific kinases (AMPK, IKK, JNK1, TAK1, ULK1, VPS34), inhibition of others (such as mTORC1), protein deacetylation reactions (at least in part providing SIRT1 activation and/or EP300 inhibition), and reversal of in-hibitory interactions such as those between BECN1 and members of the Bcl-2 family.
Historical, Technological, Biochemical, and Microbiological Aspects of Pastırma, an Ethnic Meat Product from Asia to Anatolia
Authors: GÜNGÖREN Alper
Published: September 2024

Meat drying is a traditional method of preserving meat that has a rich past in many cultures. Pastırma is an ethnic meat product defined as dry-curing, drying, pressing the whole muscles of cattle and buffalo, and coating them with a special paste. The most important ingredient that gives the product its characteristic features is in its content: a paste containing fenugreek seed flour, garlic, milled red capia pepper, and water. Among ethnic meat products, pastırma is familiar with dry-cured meat products such as jerky, kadid, cecina, and carne de sol. In this review, historical aspects of pastırma, its definition and classification, detailed production steps, composition and yield, chemical and microbiological properties, pastırma fraud and customer concerns are mentioned. The results of this review indicate that future studies on pastırma may focus on related cultural aspects, elimination of unpleasant odour from fenugreek, histological and chemical effects of pressing meat parts, kinetics of drying, osmotic dehydration, and developing new starter combinations.
An Electrochemical Characterisation of Silica-Zirconia Oxide Nanostructured Materials for Fuel Cells
Authors: Sigwadi Rudzani , Mokrani Touhami , Nemavhola Fulufhelo
Published: September 2024

The effect of zirconium modified with silica dioxide in the conductivity of modified nanocomposite membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) application. In this study silica-zirconia nanoparticles were successful synthesized by precipitation method. The surface area and surface morphology of Si-ZrO2 nanoparticles were observed under BET analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). SEM and XRD results show that silica was well incorporated into ZrO2 nanoparticles with the mixed shape of nanorods and nanosphere. HRTEM shows a crystallised small nanoparticle with average diameter about 5–8 nm. The element analysis (EDX) confirms the presence of silica and zirconia nanoparticles as well as oxygen on the surface. The addition of silica has impact on the surface area and pore size of Si-ZrO2 nanoparticles, with Si-ZrO2 nanoparticles having a higher surface area of 185 m2/g when calcinated at 600 °C. It was shown that the Si-ZrO2 can be used as an impregnating membrane to enhance the conductivity as observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), with a rectangular shape that exhibiting the best capacitance behaviour.
A Multivariate Phenotypical Approach of Sepsis and Septic Shock – a Comprehensive Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Tita Alina , Isac Sebastian , Isac Teodora , Martac Cristina , Geani-Danut Teodorescu , Jipa Lavinia , Cobilinschi Cristian , Pavel Bogdan , Tanasescu Maria-Daniela , Mirea Liliana Elena , Droc Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Despite medical advances, sepsis and septic shock remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with a high inter-individual variability in prognosis, clinical manifestations and response to treatment. Given the heterogeneity of sepsis and recent technological progress amongst machine learning analysis technique, a new, personalized approach in sepsis is being intensively studied. Despite the difficulties when tailoring a targeted approach, with the use of artificial intelligence-based pattern recognition, more and more publications are becoming available, highlighting novel factors that may intervene in the high heterogenicity of sepsis. This has led to the devise of a phenotypical approach in sepsis, further dividing patients based on host and trigger-related factors, clinical manifestations and progression towards organ deficiencies, dynamic prognosis algorithms and patient trajectory in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Host and trigger-related factors refer to patients’ comorbidities, body-mass index, age, temperature, immune response, type of bacteria and infection site. The progression to organ deficiencies refers to individual particularities of sepsis-related multiorgan failure. Finally, the patient’s trajectory in the ICU points out the need of a better understanding of interindividual response to various supportive therapies. This review aims to identify the main sources of variability in clustering septic patients in various clinical phenotypes, as a useful clinical tool for precision-based approach in sepsis and septic shock.
Adjustments and Challenges of Rural Inter-Urban Mobility: Post-COVID Public Transport Trends in Sparsely Populated Regions
Authors: Vega Naranjo Juan Miguel , González-Escobar Rafael , Jiménez-Espada Montaña , Vivas Jonathan Galeano
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research work consisted of assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interurban public transport system in a rural region with a sparse population density, considering the number of tickets sold and passengers in each locality, as well as the different connecting lines. From a methodological point of view and with the intention of identifying patterns to explain the behaviour of both routes and passengers, a series of variables were selected, becoming determining factors that sought to offer a solution to the search for a common trend. Additionally, data processing by means of statistical analysis and the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools complemented the procedure. The results obtained in the investigation were provided both by municipality and by interurban route. An interesting finding of the research was the uneven recovery of the municipalities. The localities closest to the attractor nucleus have recovered more quickly to pre-pandemic mobility levels due to their geographical proximity, larger population, higher income per household and the need to access certain public services. In terms of routes, all lines showed significant decreases in ticket sales, although with variations. Although passenger numbers have shown a gradual recovery, the initial loss was considerable, and pre-pandemic normality has not been completely achieved. The authors consider that future research should include other alternative means of transport in these interurban areas, incorporating variables to characterise passengers, such as age, gender...etc.
A Retrospective analysis of malaria prevalence from 2015 to 2020 in Sibu Sire Woreda, East Wollega Zone, and Western Ethiopia,
Authors: Amenu Desalegn , Tafesse Temesgen
Published: September 2024

The main objective of the study was to analysis the trends of malaria prevalence and surveillance data from 2015 to 2020 in Sibu Sire Woreda, East Wollega Zone, and Western Ethiopia. A Retrospective study was conducted on purposely selected hospital and health centers of Sibu sire woreda, East wollega zone zones September 2015 to August 2020. From the total 20,030 cases of malaria reported in Sibu Sire Woreda from 2015- 2020, 6,965 confirmed cases were reported, 2,234, 3,203 and 1,528 in Chingi health center, Sibu Sire health center and Sibu Sire Hospital, respectively. The high prevalence of malaria cases in the study are was reported both in autumn and spring seasons (April to September), and in relation to year distribution, more confirmed cases were reported during 2011 and 2012. The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern, in which P. falciparum and P. vivax are the predominant species, so, it needs more interventions to interrupt disease transmission and eventual reduction malaria of malaria cases Sibu Sire Woreda.
Some Plants Used for Reproductive Health by Women in Agbarha-Otor Community, Delta State
Authors: Aihiokhai Mark , Idu MacDonald , Arueyingho Thessy
Published: September 2024

Overtime, the state of maternal health in Nigeria is poor and can be attributed to inadequate access to reproductive health services, poverty and in some areas, cultural resistance. Medicinal plants used in Agbarha-Otor, Ughelli, Nigeria for managing women's reproductive health during pregnancy, birth and post-partum were investigated in this study. Surveys were conducted using semi structured questionnaire as well as guided field-walks where respondents, specifically, Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), were interviewed. A total of 30 plants belonging to 23 families having properties against different conditions, ailments and peculiarities relating to gynaecological conditions in women were documented. Most of the documented plants belong to Asteraceae family. Also, most of the reported plants were majorly herbs and shrubs which were surveyed plants from the wild. Leaves were the most frequently used plants' part. Most of the medications were prepared as decoctions and mostly administered orally. From the survey, it can be deduced that the use medicinal plants for reproductive healthcare and gynaecological conditions in the study area is still in practice. Scientific validation of the biological properties of the surveyed plants is highly advocated and cultivation of medicinal plants to minimize the pressure on wild species is also recommended.
The Diversity of Diurnal Birds in Panua Sanctuary Conservation Area in Pohuwato District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lamangantjo Chairunnisah
Published: September 2024

Panua Sanctuary is a conservation area, known as a habitat for birds, particularly the diurnal birds. The objectives of this research are as follows to figure out the species of diurnal birds, and to know the diversity, diversity numbers, evenness, and dominance index of the diurnal birds in Panua Sanctuary. The research was conducted from February until March 2021. The point count method was employed in four observation stations. The research result revealed 10 ordos, 27 families, 50 species, and 321 total of individuals. The diversity index in station I was 0.15, station II 2.10, station III 2.34, and station IV 2.70. The diversity numbers in station I was 0.15, station II 0.36, station 0.22, and station IV 0.14. The evenness index in station I was 0.87, station II 0.79, and station III 0.8. Station I was dominated by Yellow-sided Flowerpecker with Di = 15.44% which was considered as a dominating type while station II was dominated by Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail with Di = 35.71%. Station III and IV were dominated by Cattle Egret with Di value respectively 21.62% and 14.49%.
SSusceptibility of Dermestes Maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidea) Larvae Infesting Smoked African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) to Alchornea Cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Leaf Powder
Authors: Koomson Dr. Charles Kwesi Koomson , Owusu-Fordjour Collins , Darku Ambrose
Published: September 2024

The efficacy of the plant powder of Alchornea cordifolia was evaluated under laboratory conditions against the larvae of the leather beetle Dermestes maculatus which is a major fish pest that cause serious damage when left uncontrolled. The experiment was in concentrations of 0g, 1.0g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.0g admixed with 15g of smoked fish powder; while all the treatment containing 0g were without plant powder which served as control, all the treatment were in triplicates. Newly emerged (0 - 72 hours old) larvae of D. maculatus were introduced. Evaluation of the potency of the plant powder was based on larvae mortality and the adult emergence. The weight losses in fish muscle in the treated and untreated samples were compared as index of fish damage during storage. The result showed that higher plant powder concentration were significantly (P<0.05) effective in killing larvae stage of the insect as well as the larvae at 1st and 2nd weeks after infestation (WAI). Adult emergence was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in the treated fish and weight loss due to insect infestation was greatly suppressed by the higher dosage rate of the plant powder compared to control. The findings showed that efficiency of A. cordifolia leaf powder is dosage dependent and is capable of controlling the larval stage of D. maculatus in smoked fish (Clarias gariepinus) during storage. It is therefore recommended that plant could be used by poor resource fish farmers, processors and marketers in protecting smoked-dried fish against D. maculatus during processing, transportation, marketing and storage.
Strategy for Women Scavengers in Fulfilling the Family Economy in Makassar City (The Case of Scavengers Involving Toddlers in Urban Areas)
Authors: Fachry Mardiana Ethrawaty , Nur Ikhsan  , Mansyur Radjab  , Herawaty  , Fatmawati  , Sitti Bulkis
Published: September 2024

Poverty is still a problem in urban areas. Limited skills and employment have caused women from low-income families to also seek work as scavengers or collectors of waste and used goods to help support their family's economy. This study aims to find the characteristics of female scavengers in responding to poor women fulfilling their family's economy. The involvement of children under five in the scavenging process is also a review in finding the distribution of gender roles in scavenger households. This research was conducted in Makassar City using a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from 25 families of female scavengers. The study found that women in scavenging activities involved children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, which was a domestic role and a strategy to get additional income from the community's compassion. Scavenger women make an economic contribution to the family between 40% and 77%. The involvement of children under five in the scavenging process is a form of child exploitation which has yet to become the attention of the Makassar city government.
In Silico Testing on the Activity of Quercetin in the Skin of Onion Allium Cepa L as A Natural Antihypertensive Compound
Authors: Ariyandy Andi , Nindrahayu  , Ami Febriza  , Andi Irwan Muluk  , Sulfahri
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the bioactivity of the compound quercetin in the peel of Allium cepa L as a natural antihypertensive compound. The chemical structure of the quercetin compound found in Allium cepa L peel was taken from the literature. The target protein used was Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), while the control compound was lisinopril. Water molecules were removed using PyMol v2.5.2 Software. Docking between the target protein and the compound was carried out using PyRx-Python Prescription 0.8 Software. The results showed that the quercetin compound had more significant potential as an antihypertensive compared to lisinopril as a control compound. The affinity ratio of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme with quercetin is -8.1, while the affinity value of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme with lisinopril is -7.1.
Effect of Bioslurry Concentration in Feed on The Growth and Survival of Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
Authors: Zaenab St , Masriah Andi , Suryahman Agus
Published: September 2024

Bioslurry is cow excreta waste processed anaerobically as a nutritional by-product of biogas production, which contains proteins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. This study aims to determine the concentration of solid bioslurry in feed and the concentration of liquid bioslurry in feed containing solid bioslurry, which is optimal for increasing the growth and survival of milkfish. The results showed that the best feed with a concentration of 50% solid bioslurry resulted in a growth of 100.05 grams ± 6.98 and a survival rate of 96.67% ± 1.15. A significant growth increase in feed with a high bioslurry content indicates that bioslurry contains nutrients capable of increasing growth energy in milkfish. The growth of milkfish continues to increase along with the increasing concentration of bioslurry liquid waste added to the feed as a source of probiotics. Adding 50 ml of liquid bioslurry into 100 grams of feed resulted in the best growth of 165.33 grams ± 2.08. Liquid bioslurry contains probiotic microbial bioactivators and functions to increase growth.
Effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed extract on larvae and adult Anopheles mosquitoes in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State Nigeria.
Authors: Haruna Sunday , Lama Patience , Michael Olayinka , Ezekiel Adamu , JDC Tongjura , R.J Ombugadu
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the years, the use of agrochemicals has been one of the reasons for resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides, a negative trend that has been on the increase. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extract on the larvae and adult Anopheles mosquitoes in Nasarawa Local Government Area of Nasarawa state as a possible alternative to already existing insecticide against the parasite. The research was carried out at the insectary laboratory of Nasarawa state university Keffi. Impregnated papers of neem seed oil were used for adult Anopheles mosquitoes and the larviciding effect was also determined. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes exposed to impregnated papers of neem seed extract at different concentrations of 20%, 40%, 80% and 100% showed 5%, 29%, 66% and 91% respectively. Mortality rate was recorded at 24h of exposure with LC50 (Lethal concentration) of 4.45ml. The larvae were also exposed to different concentration of neem seed extract of 1%, 4%, 8% and 10% for 72h and the mortality rate was 100% with LC50 value (Lethal concentration) of 4.16ml. This implied that adult Anopheles mosquitoes will required more of the extract to achieve 100% mortality than larvae. Using Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extract as an anti-mosquito agent was more effective on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes than the adult Anopheles mosquitoes.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Biochar from Selected Ligno-cellulosic Biomass for The Sustainable Utilization
Authors: T B ANJALI , Anand M  , K B AKHILESH , P K MADHURAJ , C S RATHEESH KUMAR , WARAN ARCHANA
Published: September 2024

Biochar is a thermal decomposition product known to mitigate climate change and a supplement to enhance soil fertility. The fine-grained, highly porous structure of biochar makes it a popular choice in environmental research. This study aims to assess the Physico-chemical properties and morphological changes in the biochar prepared from feedstocks: sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and soapnut pith of Sapindus trifoliatus, native to the foothills of Western Ghats, Kerala, at a temperature of 300 oC and 600oC with 30 minutes residence time. The pyrolytic temperature and feedstock type may affect the yield, ash content, volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), and nutrient composition of biochar. The selection of these two factors is critical before proceeding with charring. The efficiency of biochar was determined through proximate, ultimate, and morphological characterizations. The pH of high-temperature biochar (sawdust biochar, sugarcane bagasse biochar, and soapnut pith biochar prepared at 600oC) was more alkaline (≥7) compared with low-temperature ones. The char yield was highest at 300oC, whereas the fixed carbon was limited. The VM/FC ratio of SDB600 at 1.09±2.3 represents the highest aromaticity and long-term stability. Therefore, SDB600 can be recommended for soil supplementation purposes. The macrospores were uniformly distributed throughout the biochar surface. Sugarcane bagasse pyrolyzed at 600oC (SBB600) possessed the minimum pore diameter (0.87-9.17µm), with the highest surface area; so that it could be an optimum habitat for soil microbiota as well as a suitable adsorbent for environmental remediation applications. The study suggests that biochar made from these ligno-cellulosic feedstocks is a sustainable tool and a value-added product for environmental management.
The Productivity of Gillnet Mesh Size as A Substitute for Cantrang in Tamasaju Village, North Galesong District, Takalar Regency
Authors: Rusdi Abdalia , Sri Suro Adhawati  , Najamuddin  , Sutinah Made  , Hamzah  , Aris Baso
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency and productivity of gillnet mesh size in North Galesong District, Takalar Regency. The type of research was survey research with a quantitative descriptive approach to obtain a sample from a population that describes or explains catch production, productivity, and efficiency of gillnet fishing gear. The population of this research was 40 cantrang fishermen who switch to using gillnet fishing gear in North Galesong District. The sample was all cantrang fishermen who switched to gillnet fishing gear. The sampling method employed in this study was a census sampling strategy, where all members of the population were used as samples. The methods of data collection were questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The results showed that the most efficient gillnet mesh size of the five mesh sizes 1 inch, 1.5 inch, 2 inch, 2.5 inch and 6 inch is the 1.5 inch mesh size with a value of 3.90. The results of the calculation of the productivity of gillnet fishermen  in each mesh size has a different value. The highest gillnet productivity was at 1 inch mesh size with a value of 44.40kg/trip, then the lowest productivity was at 2.5 inch mesh size, which was 24.39 kg/trip.
Fish Protein Hydrolyzate From Grouper Epinephelus Offal Using Bromelain Enzyme Pineapple Crude Extract
Authors: Palla Andi Nur Faiziah , Metusalach  , Nursinah Amir
Published: September 2024

Grouper is one of the demersal fish groups that are abundant in Indonesian marine waters. In addition, the high market demand for this fish has also increased its main production technique as an export product. One example of a product from this fish is fish fillet which still leaves waste. Offal is an example of a by-product of grouper which is underutilized so that it is of low value in the market and as a resource. The high protein content of fish offal can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of protein hydrolysates which of course require the role of proteolytic enzymes. Bromelain enzyme which is a proteolytic enzyme that is protease. This study aims to determine the effect of the bromelain enzyme concentration obtained from pineapple crude extract on the quality of the protein hydrolyzate of grouper offal. The experimental design used in this study was a Factorial complete randomized design with different enzyme concentrations (4, 6, 8, 10). and 12%) and the difference in water bath time (4, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The results showed the bromelain enzyme concentration had a very significant effect on the yield and degree of hydrolysis of snapper offal, and observations of the proximate results showed the potential utilization of hydrolyzed protein of fish offal as a food source.