bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Karakter Rasa Ingin Tahu Siswa Pada Tema Struktur dan Fungsi Tumbuhan
Authors: Fatkul Jannah  , Wirawan Fadly  , Aristiawan Aristiawan
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini siswa diharapkan dapat mengembangkan karakter rasa ingin tahu pada mata pelajaran IPA sehingga hasil belajar siswa dapat meningkat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan teknik claster random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes tulis dan wawancara dengan guru serta siswa. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dari hasil nilai yang diujikan ke siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata seluruh indikator rasa ingin tahu siswa masih belum mencapai nilai yang diharapkan atau masih belum tuntas. Namun,  berdasarkan penelitan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Rasa Ingin Tahu siswa mencapai skor tertinggi pada indikator Adventurous, sedangkan skor terendah yaitu pada indikator Discover. Sehingga rata-rata kemampuan Rasa Ingin Tahu siswa berjumlah 68,4 yang menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa sudah cukup baik pada karakter Rasa Ingin Tahu yang ditinjau dari keseluruhan nilai tiap indikator.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Children Learning In Science (CLIS) Berbasis STEM Education terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Ilmiah Siswa
Authors: Nurya Sinta , Arif Syaiful , Sayekti Titah , Ekapti Rahmi Faradisya
Published: December 2021

Berpikir ilmiah merupakan pengasahan pikiran pada pembelajaran efektif yang bertujuan untuk berpikir secara meluas, sistematis, dan teliti. Children Learning In Science (CLIS) merupakan model pembelajaran yang mengutamakan pengembangan ide-ide atau gagasan peserta didik melalui eksperimen. STEM berasal dari susunan kata science, technology, engineering, and matehematics. STEM mengacu pada pengajaran, perkembangan, mengintegrasikan berdasarkan 4 disiplin ilmu dan keterampilan Sains, Teknologi, Teknik, dan Matematika guna dapat memecahkan masalah zaman era baru abad 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir ilmiah siswa kelas VII pada materi pencemaran lingkungan yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Children Learning In Science (CLIS) berbasis STEM Education lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) berbasis STEM Education di MTsN 1 Madiun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif menggunakan 2 sampel kelas VII yaitu VIIA (eksperimen) dan VIIB (kontrol). Pengumpulan data melalui Pre Test, Pos Test, dan lembar pengamatan. Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan rumus uji N-gain dan uji-t (one-tailed dan two-tailed) yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menggunakan Minitab uji-t two-tailed­ diketahui P-Value 0,040 dan uji-t one-tailed­ diketahui P-Value 0,020 maka H0 ditolak. Sehingga, Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Children Learning In Science (CLIS) berbasis STEM Education efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir ilmiah siswa.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbasis STEM terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Mustofa Moh Rizal , Arif Syaiful , Sholihah Atik Karomatus , Aristiawan Aristiawan , Rokmana Arinta Windiyanti
Published: December 2021

Pemerintah saat ini memiliki cita–cita bisa meningkatkan keahlian siswa untuk menyongsong perkembangan Abad 21 yang menonjolkan kemampuan seperti berpikir kritis, kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan kemampuan komunikasi yang baik dan benar. Dengan demikian perlu peran seorang pendidik yang inovatif untuk merealisasikan cita-cita tersebut sehinga siswa memiliki kemampuan berpikir yang lebih pada dirinya. Sudah banyak sekali sekarang ini penelitian yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, tetapi masih belum bisa maksimal untuk semuanya. Hasil data yang diperoleh nilai rata-rata dari kelas kontrol sebesar 55,5 sedangkan untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 72. Sedangkan dari uji-t yang didapatkan P-Velue sebesar 0,000 maka Ho ditolak. Artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan model pembelajaran PBL basis STEM dengan siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran ceramah.
Visualizing and Quantifying Generation, Propagation, and Sweep of Nanocellulose-Strengthened Carbon Dioxide Foam in a Complex 2D Heterogeneous Fracture Network Model
Authors: Wei Bing , Tian Qingtao , Chen Shengen , Xu Xingguang , Wang Dianlin , Lu Jun
Published: December 2021

There exist two main issues hampering the wide application and development of carbon dioxide (CO2) foam in conformance improvement and CO2 mobility reduction in fractured systems: (1) instability of foam film under reservoir conditions and (2) uncertainties of foam flow in complex fractures. To address these two issues, we previously developed a series of nanocellulose-strengthened CO2 foam (referred to as NCF-st-CO2 foam), while the primary goal of this work is to thoroughly elucidate generation, propagation, and sweep of NCF-st-CO2 foam in a visual 2D heterogeneous fracture network model.

NCF-st-CO2 foam outperformed CO2 foam in reducing gas mobility during either coinjection (COI) or surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) injection, and the threshold foam quality was approximately 0.67. Foam creation was increased with the total superficial velocity for CO2 foam and almost stayed constant for NCF-st-CO2 foam in fractures during COI. For SAG, large surfactant slug could prevent CO2 from early breakthrough and facilitate foaming in situ. The improved sweep efficiency induced by NCF-st-CO2 foam occurred near the producer for both COI and SAG. Film division and behind mainly led to foam generation in the fracture model. Gravity segregation and override was insignificant during COI but became noticeable during SAG, which caused the sweep efficiency decrease by 3 to 9%. Owing to the enhanced film, NCF-st-CO2 foam enabled mitigation of the gravitational effect, especially around the producer.
Prospects of development of the Russian innovative system through the prism of qualitative methods
Authors: Volchik V. V. , Fursa E. V. , Maskaev A. I.
Published: December 2021

Objective: to examine the influence of positive and critical narratives in the media, illustrating the problems and strengths of the Russian innovation system development, on the formation of public opinion.

Methods: the methodology of narrative analysis of economics and original institutionalism is used in relation to the national innovation system.

Results: with the help of narrative analysis, we analyzed 43 media outlets from Internet sources selected in accordance with the Medialogiya rating “Federal Mass Media: 2020” for the period from 01.01.2010 to 01.07.2021. A range of significant issues is highlighted which affect the innovative development, mentioned by media addressees and the Russian innovation system actors (policymakers, business, academic circles). Four types of positive narratives about the Russian innovation system are identified: 1) narratives about significant technological achievements; 2) narratives about the development of innovative infrastructure; 3) narratives that tell about the public recognition of the success of the Russian innovation system actors at professional conferences or by the state; 4) futurological narratives about prospects in the medium or long term.

Scientific novelty: consists in the development of the narrative economics approach and the concept of public arenas for the analysis of the Russian innovation system with the help of mass media.

Practical significance: the identified positive narratives allow studying the best practices and rules that contribute to the integration of science, government and business into a single innovation system in order to further upscale the positive experience to the entire economy. Positive narratives also contribute to the formation of a favorable innovation space and public opinion in Russia.
SupTech and RegTech initiatives: analysis of the basic characteristics and model risks
Authors: Kurnosov A. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective: to analyze the SupTech and RegTech initiatives of central banks in the context of their essential characteristics and model risks.

Methods: the work used a combination of methods of dialectical, empirical, comparative and logical research.

Results: SupTech and RegTech technologies are defined; problems in the legal field existing within the framework of their use and ways to solve them are shown; model risks are assessed, in particular, the risks of adverse consequences resulting from the use of inaccuracies, errors, false assumptions and incorrect settings in models.

Scientific novelty: the article identifies the model risks and suggests ways to reduce them, in particular, the risks of adverse consequences resulting from the use of inaccuracies, errors, false assumptions and incorrect settings; the work shows the need for a regulatory legal acts system and offers options for interpreting the models results.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to develop a glossary, terms and definitions of SupTech and RegTech initiatives, the regulatory mechanisms and legal framework for their functioning, as well as to develop methods to reduce risks associated with the implementation and functioning of SupTech and RegTech initiatives.
Discourse of corruption in the Russian society
Authors: Skorobogatov A. V. , Skorobogatova A. I. , Krasnov A. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective: to study the socio-cultural and legal nature of the corruption phenomenon in a discursive and communicative context.

Methods: the methodological basis of the article is the synthesis of the discursive and communicative theory of J. Habermas and W. Krawietz’s integrative theory of legal reality, focusing on the interdisciplinary study of corruption as an interdisciplinary category, taking into account not only objective, but also subjective components. This determined the choice of research methods (comparative, hermeneutic, and discursive methods).

Results: corruption as a phenomenon and the interdisciplinary category reflecting it is determined by social, cultural and psychological factors of the legal reality development. Acting as a complex legal archetype, it defines the value attitudes of consciousness and behavior of the legal communication participants, orienting them to carry out actions aimed at satisfying individual (less often group and social) interests, even if they contradict the law. Corrupt behavior is perceived by a large part of the Russian society as a model of hierarchical interaction of the legal communication subjects, the purpose of which, according to the addressee, is to increase the effectiveness of the addressee’s activities. In addition, corruption is becoming an informal means of “liberation” from the legal requirements, rigid and unfair, according to some representatives of the society. In these conditions, the success of the institutional fight against corruption can be achieved only if this fight involves not only improvement of anti-corruption legislation, but also countering shadow norms, creating a system of anti-incentives for corrupt behavior, including ideologically, through the formation of value attitudes of citizens to reject corrupt practices as unpatriotic and harmful to the rule of law and the legal culture of the society as a whole.

Scientific novelty: for the first time in Russian jurisprudence, a study of the category of corruption in the communicative and discursive aspect was conducted.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of the essence and content of the Russian legal reality, in the anti-corruption activities of state and municipal bodies, as well as in anti-corruption education.
Contextualising English generalist day centres for older people: operational characteristics and typical days. Findings from case study research
Authors: Orellana Katharine , Manthorpe Jill , Tinker Anthea
Published: December 2021

Reports of Covid-19 pandemic related day centre closures impacting negatively on their attenders and family carers have fuelled a resurgence of interest in day centres, a common, but often ‘invisible’, preventive service. The absence of detailed descriptions of these services from the literature limits the evidence base since outcomes data without context are less meaningful. This descriptive article aims to further understanding of these diverse and multi-faceted settings for potential collaborators and social care and health professionals, particularly in the context of rising social prescribing initiatives in England with their focus on linking older people to asset-based community resources. Using data from documentation provided by managers of four purposively selected English day centres for older people, interviews with 23 centre managers, staff and volunteers, and notes made during 56 full-day visits, this article presents a rich, contemporary, non-interpretative, pre-Covid pandemic picture of four purposively selected English day centres for older people.This baseline data will support conversations concerning optimisation of such services in the post-pandemic recovery period and beyond: how buildings may be regarded as valuable community assets with potential, and how other parts of the health and care system may better interact with day services to improve older people’s, carers’ and others’ health and wellbeing, and to benefit of staff working elsewhere in health and care.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Preterm Delivery After Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for TTTS
Authors: Li Genxia , Chu Shuhui , Cui Shihong , Xu Yajuan , Li Hezhou , Feng Fan , Dong Li , Cheng Chunhua , Li Jiao , Xie Mingkun , Feng Shuo , Zhang Junya , Yang Manman , Li Mengyu , Hao Yujing
Published: December 2021

Objective

Fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) is currently the standard treatment for twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). This study aims to improve the perinatal outcomes of TTTS patients by analyzing the risk factors associated with preterm delivery after FLS for TTTS.
Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 97 cases of patients with TTTS who underwent FLS at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2018 to December 2020. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with preterm delivery. Finally, ROC curve was utilized to analyze the diagnostic value of related risk factors.
Results

A total of 90 TTTS patients were included in the study. There were 37 cases in group A and 53 cases in group B. Through multivariate logistic regression model analysis, three risk factors related to the gestational age of childbirth <32 weeks were identified: preoperative CL < 27.5 mm (OR, 10.9; P <0.001), PPROM (OR, 4.0; P=0.024), placental abruption (OR, 17.6; P=0.018). ROC curve analysis suggested that the AUC of the combined diagnosis of the three factors was 0.799 (P<0.001), which has a high value for predicting preterm delivery at low gestational age.
Conclusion

Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CL < 27.5 mm, PPROM and placental abruption were connected with preterm delivery before 32 weeks of pregnancy. Identifying and intervening the corresponding risk factors can improve the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after fetoscopic surgery, and promote the improvement of fetoscopic surgery techniques.
Determinants of Clinician and Patient to Prescription of Antimicrobials: Case of Mulanje, Southern Malawi
Authors: Chalusa Morris , Khuluza Felix , Bandawe Chiwoza
Published: December 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in low- and middle-income countries. The problem is exacerbated by inappropriate prescription of antimicrobials. Factors leading to overuse or inappropriate prescription of antimicrobials by the cadre of medical assistants, clinical technicians and clinical officers have received limited attention. This study investigated factors that influence prescription behaviours of antimicrobials among clinical officers in various health facilities in Mulanje district, Southern Malawi. Methods: In-depth interviews (n=18) and focus group discussions (n=2) were conducted with COs from four health facilities in Mulanje district. Purposive sampling was done to arrive at a sample size of 30 health cadres. Results: Participants pointed out that patient preferences, belief and clinicians’ inadequate education on this issue were among the factors that contribute to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription. 75-% of clinicians showed lack of knowledge on the definition of antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance.Conclusion: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is facilitated by prescribing decisions made by clinicians who are greatly influenced by their patients. Interventions aimed at improving antimicrobial prescription should target both clinicians and patients.
Demographics, Risk Factors and Survival Analysis of Lung Cancer in Young Adults (<30 Years) in China-A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qu Jingjing , Qian Minjia , Kalyani Farhin Shaheed , Xu Wenzeng , Shen Qian , Zhou Jianya , Zhou Jianying
Published: December 2021

Background

Lung cancer in very young adults in China aged <30 is on the rise and the clinicopathological characteristics of this unique population are incomplete and are yet to be elucidated. Our study aims to explore the characteristics, trends and distinctive features of lung cancer this age group to provide more information that can aid in developing optimal treatment regimens and improve prognosis for this exclusive age group.
Method

A retrospective review of 141 lung cancer patients admitted at our hospital from August 2011 to October 2021 was performed. The focused age group in our study was 18-30 years old. The data collected included demographics, tumor pathology, gene mutations, and treatment. Overall survival and prognosis were systematically analyzed.
Results

From a total of 141 of young lung cancer patients, 139 were included in final analysis. The gender distribution in our series favored female(65.5%), and only 7.2% of the study cohort had a history of smoking. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in our study, presenting 93.5% of all patients. The most common stages at diagnosis was stage I(61.2%) and stage IV(30.2%). Genetic testing was performed in only 24.5% (34/139) of the patients. From the 23/34 patients in our study who tested positive for a genetic mutation, 19 (82.3%) were stage IV. The most common gene mutation was Anaplastic Lymphoma kinase(ALK) rearrangement observed in 13/23 (56.5%) gene mutation positive patients. Among stage IV NSCLC, OS was longer in patients who received targeted therapy, compared to the patients not receiving target therapy: 88 months vs 24 months (95% CI: 0.15-1.0, p=0.0282).
Conclusion

Lung cancer in the young adult population has particular characteristics (Common in female, non-smoker and adenocarcinoma patients). Higher stages of disease were observed in those with a gene mutation (notably ALK rearrangement). Although the sample size was small, the current data suggests a higher mutation rate in the younger population. These findings have fundamental implications for practice and we propose that all patients under 30 diagnosed with lung cancer should undergo genetic testing so they can receive personalized treatment and therefore achieve better outcomes.
Characteristics of T Cell Receptor Beta Repertoires Associated With Behçet’s Syndrome Patients With Major Organ Involvements
Authors: Zou Jun , Ye Jing-fen , Bao Hua-fang , Hou Cheng-Cheng , Jian Lei-lei , Luo Dan , Ma Hai-fen , Cai Jian-fei , Shen Yan , Guan Jian-Long
Published: December 2021

BackgroundT lymphocytes are one of the major components of the adaptive immunity in Behçet’s syndrome (BS) pathology. To further understand of the role of T cells in Behçet’s syndrome (BS), we explore disease related T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires.MethodsWe performed a bulk sequencing of the TCR beta chain (TRB) of peripheral T-cells collected from 45 BS patients with panuveitis, intestinal involvement, and cardiovascular lesions and 10 cases of healthy controls (HC). Data analysis included peptide sequences, diversity analysis, variable (V)-joining (J) gene usage and K-nearest neighbor algorithm.ResultsWe found significant differences in V, J and V-J combinations between the BS patients and HC. The decrease in TCR clone diversity indicates clonal expansion in BS. Although no significant difference in TCR clone diversity was observed among patient subgroups, the patients with panuveitis displayed the highest heterogeneous TCR distribution. In addition, a set of V-J genes could effectively discriminate between active and inactive BS patients with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-1.00).ConclusionsClonal T cell expansion has been observed in BS patients. TCR profiles could help in the discrimination between active and inactive BS.
Genetic Profile of Inborn Errors of Immunity Using Whole Exome Sequencing in Individuals With BCG Localized Adverse Events
Authors: Monteiro Sandra Aparecida Moreira Gomes , Martin Renan Paulo , Filippelli-Silva Rafael , Marins Maryana Mara , Gomes Caio Perez , Varela Patricia , Mendes Agatha Ribeiro , de Amorim Priscila Nicolicht , Assis Erica , Pesquero João Bosco , Aranda Carolina Sanches , de Oliveira Allan Chiaratti , Moreira Thais das Neves Fraga , Weckx Lily Yin , de Moraes-Pinto Maria Isabel
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In Mycobacterium tuberculosis endemic regions, BCG vaccine is administered early after birth to confer protection against severe form of tuberculosis disease. Previous reports suggest that BCG adverse events, even localized ones (BCGitis), can be the first manifestation of immunodeficiency. We investigated children with a history of BCGitis who needed drug treatment looking for possibly pathogenic variants in inborn errors of immunity genes (IEI-genes). Methods: Forty-four probands were evaluated. The exome sequences obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing were filtered for variants in the 344 IEI-genes described by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) and classified according to the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics. The identified candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Results: Out of the 44 probands, 36 were sporadic cases and 8 were familial cases. Thirty-one in 44 (70.5%) presented immunoallergic or other infectious clinical conditions besides BCGitis; 19 in 44 (43.2%) presented variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in 17 different IEI-genes, of which 35.3% were genes related to defects in intrinsic and innate immunity, including Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD) genes (IRF8, IFNGR1, JAK1, STAT1, TLR3 and TBK1). Remaining genes were distributed in another five IUIS classifications groups (CARD14, CFH, CHD7, FOXN1, NFAT5, NLRP3, NOD2, PMS2, STAT3, TNFRSF13B and TNFSF12). Conclusion: The high prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants found in IEI-genes may be associated with BCGitis, which should be considered a sign of an inborn error of immunity.
A Wide-Band High-Gain Doherty Power Amplifier With Class-AB HEMT Amplifiers
Authors: Jahanian Pouya , Kangarshahi Azadeh Norouzi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with high-gain and wide-band. For this purpose, two peak amplifiers are used to improve the performance of the main amplifier. Main and auxiliary amplifiers with the same structure to the class-AB type and by using micro-strip lines in place of input/output and load matching networks, transmission lines and inductors of drain and gate, that minimize the losses in the DPA. The current DPA is implemented with GaN_HEMT_CLF1G0530_100v transistor and Rogers4003 substrate, which for 1GHz frequency in 0.5-1.5GHz bandwidth will be able to be at P-1dB point (this point, input power as 30dBm and output power as 47.98dBm) increase Drain efficiency and Power added efficiency (PAE) to 81.95% and 80.73%, respectively. The DPA helps to expand the back-off region and extend the linearity region, so the Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) will be 5.21dB and the Adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) as 58.7dBc. A gain of 17.06-17.92dB was also obtained, which is significant compared to the results of similar samples.
Effect of Linc-00475 Regulation of p53 on Glycolysis and Survival in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhao Shutao , Wang Xudong
Published: December 2021

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism leading to tumor proliferation and metastasis is an important area of interest in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical expression of glucose metabolism-related genes Linc-00475 and p53 on glycolysis and survival.Methods: A key differential gene Linc-00475 was screened using a metabolic database, and its downstream gene, p53, was predicted. A total of 107 gastric cancer tissue samples from patients diagnosed at our center between 2011 and 2013 were selected. The expression levels of Linc-00475 and p53 were detected via in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between Linc-00475 and p53 expression and clinicopathological factors. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used to analyze patients’ overall survival. To determine the effect of Linc-00475 on glycolysis, qRT-PCR and western blot were utilized to evaluate the regulatory relationship between Linc-00475 and p53.Results: High expression of Linc-00475 (P < 0.001) and low expression of p53 (P < 0.01) were associated with poor prognosis. There was a negative correlation between the expression of Linc-00475 and p53 in gastric cancer (Pearson's coefficient test, r = -0.405; P < 0.001). The co-expression of high-level Linc-00475 and low-level p53 can thus be used as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). Linc-00475 was also shown to regulate aerobic glycolysis. Western blot and qRT-PCR demonstrated that Linc-00475 regulates the expression of p53.Conclusion: The co-expression of Linc-00475 and p53 can be used as a reference index for evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer. Linc-00475 regulates p53, thereby affecting glycolysis.
The Biases in Flavonoids and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of a Red Flesh Table Grape Revealed by Metabolome and Transcriptome Co-analysis
Authors: lu renxiang , Song Miaoyu , Wang Zhe , Zhai Yanlei , Hu Chaoyang , Perl Avihai , Ma Huiqin
Published: December 2021

Red flesh is a welcomed fruit trait, yet the regulation of red flesh formation in grape is not well understood. ‘Mio Red’ is a seedless table grape variety with light red flesh and blue-purple skin, the flesh color developed in the late stage of berry ripening, remarkably later than the skin coloring at veraison. The flesh and skin flavonoids metabolome and the transcriptome were analyzed. A total of 173 flavonoids including 17 anthocyanins were identified, 68 were found significantly different (Fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0. 5, VIP ≥ 1). Quercetin 3-O-glucoside, epicatechin-epiafzelechin, apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside and hesperetin 5-O-glucoside were of higher content in the flesh, while the rest flavonoids were of higher content in the skin. The main anthocyanin in the flesh was pelargonidin derivatives in contrast to peonidin derivatives in the skin. Transcriptome comparison recruited 3970 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, log2Fold change > = 1, FDR < 0.05, FPKM ≥ 1), among them 57 were structural genes of flavonoid metabolism pathway. Two anthocyanin synthase (ANS) DEGs were annotated, ANS1 (Vitvi11g00565) and ANS2 (Vitvi02g00435) led the expression in the flesh and skin respectively. In the flesh, anthocyanin biosynthesis structural gene UFGT, positive regulators MYBA1/2/3, and anthocyanin transporters GST14 and MATE5 were of significantly lower expression, while negative regulators MYBC2-L1 and MYB3 were of higher transcription. The results of this study provide new information in the coloring mechanism of red flesh grape and assisting breeding of future table grapes having higher content of phytonutrient providing the health benefit as red wines.
Outcomes and indications of the single approach to double-channel core decompression and bone grafting with structural bone support for osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yue Ju’an , Guo Xiaozhong , Wang Randong , Li Bing , Sun Qiang , Liu Wangyan , Chen Jiao
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTo report the outcomes of the single approach to double-channel core decompression and bone grafting with structural bone support (SDBS) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and define the indications.MethodsOne-hundred-and-thirty-nine hips in 96 patients (79 males, 17 females; mean age 37.53±10.31 years, range 14–58 years; mean body mass index 25.15±3.63 kg/m2) were retrospectively analysed. The Harris hip score (HHS) was used to assess hip function, and radiographs were used to assess the depth of femoral head collapse. Treatment failure was defined as the performance of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The variables assessed as potential risk factors for surgical failure were: aetiology, Japanese Osteonecrosis Investigation Committee (JIC) type, age, and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage. Complications were recorded.ResultsThe HHS increased from 79.00±13.61 preoperatively to 82.01±17.29 at final follow-up (P=0.041). The average HHS improvement was 3.00±21.86. The combined excellent and good rate at final follow-up (65.6%) was significantly higher than that before surgery (34.5%) (P=0.000). On radiographic evaluation, 103 (74.1%) hips remained stable, while 36 (25.9%) had femoral head collapse or aggravation of ONFH. THA was performed in 18 hips. Thus, the overall femoral head survival rate was 87.05% (121/139). The success rate was adversely affected by JIC type, but not by aetiology, age, or ARCO stage. The only complication was a subtrochanteric fracture in one patient.ConclusionThe SDBS effectively delays or even terminates the progression of ONFH, especially type B and C1. The SDBS is a good option for early-stage ONFH.
Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 Vaccine Among Polish School-Teachers
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Korzeń Marcin , Sobieraj Ewa , Goławski Jakub , Pasek Oskar , Biesiada Daniel
Published: December 2021

Background

Polish teachers, as the priority group, were offered the ChAdOx1-S vaccine since February 2021. The objective was to investigate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of this vaccine following two vaccine doses.
Methods

Teachers were invited for serological testing ≥8 weeks after second vaccination. Quantitative post-vaccination anti-spike antibody responses were measured using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (detection threshold: ≥7.1 BAU/ml). Multivariable logistic regression methods were used to identify predictors of immunogenicity.
Results

Of 192 teachers, mean age 50.5±8.3 years, 83.9% were females. Median (range) dosing interval was 50 (14-95) days; median interval between the second dose and immunogenicity test was 69 days (range: 57–111). More than a half of teachers (58.3%) reported they would change the product for another (mostly mRNA) vaccine if there was such an opportunity. Adverse reactions after receiving the vaccine (either the first or the second dose) were reported by 79.2% teachers, more frequently after the first dose (84.9%), and were similar in nature to those previously reported: feeling feverish (44.8%), headache (41.7%), malaise, chills (both: 38.0%), injection-site tenderness (37.5%) and pain (32.3%). Less males than females (54.8% vs 80.1%) and older (aged ≥50 years) than younger teachers (65.7% vs 90.4%) reported side effects (p<0.002; p<0.0001, respectively). By ≥8 weeks after the boost dose, all teachers had neutralizing antibody responses. The median (range) anti-spike IgG reading was 525.0 BAU/mL (20.6-5680.0 BAU/mL); 1008.02 (115.3–5680.0) BAU/mL in teachers with evidence of prior infection and 381.42 BAU/mL (20.6–3108.8) in those without (p=0.001). Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 and longer dose interval were both positive predictors of higher immunologic response (p<0.0001; p=0.01, respectively), with no evidence of differences by age, gender, BMI, smoking or comorbidities.
Conclusions

The results demonstrated good safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. Immunization led to detectable anti-spike antibodies in all teachers. Our study justifies the longer dose interval as an important factor to enhance higher antibody response. Findings suggest that in immunocompetent vaccine recipients with an evidence of previous infection a delay regarding the second dose could be considered when careful management in the use of vaccine resources is needed.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of DL-3-n-butylphthalide in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Liu Mingsheng , Yao Xiaoli , Huang Xusheng , Shang Huifang , Fan Dongsheng , He Jia , Cui Liying
Published: December 2021

Background: To determine the efficacy and safety of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed at 19 ALS clinical centers of the Chinese ALS Association. Patients with definite or probable ALS were randomly treated with NBP or placebo for 12 months. The Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score was the primary endpoint and was evaluated every 3 months. Secondary endpoints included survival and tracheotomy incidence, total Medical Research Council (MRC) score, percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), and clinical global impression scale score assessed using the visual analog scale. Results: Between November 23, 2015 and November 22, 2017, 312 ALS patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the NBP group (156 patients) or placebo group (156 patients). Ninety-three patients in the NBP group and 92 patients in the placebo group were included in the primary end point analysis. There was no significant difference in the ALSFRS-R score, total MRC score, or clinical global impression between the two groups after treatment. The NBP group exhibited a mild trend of less decrease in the percentage of predicted FVC between baseline and the 12-month visit than the placebo group (least-squares mean change from baseline ± standard error: -7.34±4.28, 95％CI(-15.24,0.56), p=0.0335). Adverse events were reported in 56.5% of patients in the placebo group and 68.8% of patients in the NBP group (χ2=2.99, P=0.0838). No serious adverse event related to treatment occurred.Conclusion: we found no evidence that NBP improved the ALSFRS-R score in patients with ALS. The results suggest a mild trend in the percentage of predicted FVC decreased slowly in the NBP treatment group than in the placebo group.Trial registration: A Multi-center, Randomized, Double Blinding, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Dl-3-Butylphthalide in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ChiCTR-IPR-15007365, Registered 1 November 2015, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=12354
What is the Role of Vitamin D in the Severity and Control of Asthma in Children and Adolescents: a Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Ladeira Joelia Maria Maria Costa Dias , Zacas Olívia , Toro Adyleia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera , Grotta Milena Baptistella , Ferreira Amanda Miranda , Stegun Patrícia Chaib Gomes
Published: December 2021

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system and consequently in the inflammatory process of asthma. It acts directly on the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells and regulatory T lymphocytes. Evidence shows that vitamin D can act on dendritic cells, raising inflammatory mediators and increasing the imbalance between Th1, Th2, and Th17. Understanding the link between vitamin D and inflammatory processes in the control and severity of asthma is important for the existence of specific therapies. Objective: We aim to synthesize the scientific evidence about the role of Vitamin D in the control and severity of asthma in pediatric patients by a systematic review. Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using MEDLINE PubMed, BIREME, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. From the data obtained, all the articles found will be transferred to the Rayyan platform. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist (PRISMA-2020). Additionally, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted.Discussion: The ability of vitamin D to act in the immune system with a direct action on the inflammatory asthma cascade, allows for a better understanding of the disease. This will lead to better asthma management, and, consequently, to help in controlling the disease. The conduction of a systematic review will bring better knowledge about vitamin D and its role in the pathophysiology of asthma Systematic review registration:This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42021221638.
Clinically Delivered Treatment for Glioma Patients on Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Linear Accelerator (MR-Linac) versus Cone Beam CT (CBCT)-Guided Linac
Authors: Wang Michael H. , Kim Anthony , Ruschin Mark , Tan Hendrick , Soliman Hany , Myrehaug Sten , Detsky Jay , Husain Zain , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Keller Brian , Sahgal Arjun , Tseng Chia-Lin
Published: December 2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Linear Accelerator (MR-Linac) radiotherapy is an innovative technology that requires special consideration for secondary electron interactions within the magnetic field, which can alter dose deposition at air-tissue interfaces. Thirty-seven consecutive glioma patients had treatment planning completed and approved prior to radiotherapy initiation using commercial treatment planning systems (TPS): a Monte Carlo-based or convolution-based TPS for MR-Linac or Cone Beam CT (CBCT)-guided Linac, respectively. In vivo skin dose was measured using an Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter (OSLD) and correlated with TPS skin dose. We found that Monte Carlo-based MR-Linac plans and convolution-based CBCT-Linac plans had similar dosimetric parameters for target volumes and organs-at-risk. However, MR-Linac plans had 1.52 Gy higher mean dose to air cavities (p<0.0001) and 1.10 Gy higher mean dose to skin (p<0.0001). In vivo skin dose was 14.5% greater for MR-Linac (p=0.0027), and were more accurately predicted by Monte Carlo-based calculation (ρ=0.95, p<0.0001) vs. convolution-based (ρ=0.80, p=0.0096). This is the first prospective dosimetric comparison of glioma patients clinically treated on both MR-Linac and CBCT-guided Linac. Skin doses were significantly greater with MR-Linac and correlated with in vivo measurements. Future MR-Linac planning processes are being designed to account for skin dosimetry and treatment delivery.
Regulatory T Cell as Predictor of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage in STEMI Patients After Primary PCI
Authors: Zhang Yue , Gao Hui , Liu Lei , Li Shengyu , Hua Bing , Lan Dihui , He Yi , Li Jinshui , Li Weiping , Li Hongwei
Published: December 2021

Background: Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) is a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Despite patients with IMH show poorer prognoses, studies investigating predictors of IMH occurrence are scarce. This study firstly investigated the effectiveness of regulatory T cell (Treg), peak value of Creatine Kinase MB (pCKMB), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) as predictors for IMH in STEMI patients received PPCI.Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in STEMI patients with cardiac magnetic resonance examination 6.3±2.3 days after PPCI. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for IMH. The predictive ability of risk factors for IMH were determined by Receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and C-index.Results: Of the 182 patients, 80 patients (44.0%) developed IMH. On multivariable analysis, all 4 biomarkers were independent predictors of IMH [odds radio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.350(0.202-0.606) for Treg, 1.004(1.001-1.006) for pCKMB, 1.060(1.022-1.100) for hsCRP, and 3.329(1.346-8.236) for LVESD]. After propensity score matching, the biomarkers individually and together significantly predicted IMH with areas under the curve of 0.750 for Treg, 0.721 for pCKMB, 0.656 for hsCRP, 0.633 for LVESD, and 0.821 for the integrated 4-marker panel. The addition of integrated 4-marker panel to a baseline risk model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for IMH [NRI: 0.197 (0.039 to 0.356); IDI: 0.200 (0.142 to 0.259); C-index: 0.806 (0.744 to 0.869), all p < 0.05].Conclusions: Treg individually or in combination with pCKMB, hsCRP, and LVESD can effectively predict the existence of IMH in STEMI patients received PPCI.Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials. govTrial registration number: NCT03939338Date of registration: 6 May 2019URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03939338?term=03939338&cntry=CN&draw=2&rank=1
Association Between the Blautia/Bacteroides Ratio and Altered Body Mass Index After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kim Yoonhong , Son Doo Heon , Lim Sanghyun , Kim Bu Kyung , Kim Ki Hyun , Seo Kyung Won , Jung Kyoungwon , Park Seun Ja , Kim Jae Hyun
Published: December 2021

Current evidence support that the gut microbiota plays a potential role in obesity. Bariatric surgery can reduce excess weight and decrease the risk of life-threatening weight-related health problems and may also influence gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in gut microbiota before and after bariatric surgery and evaluate the association of the gut microbial shift and altered body mass index (BMI) after bariatric surgery. Between January 2019 and July 2020, stools from 58 patients scheduled for bariatric surgery were collected. Six months after bariatric surgery, stools from 22 of these patients were re-collected, and the changes in gut microbiota before and after bariatric surgery were evaluated. In addition, the differences in gut microbiota between patients with severe obesity (BMI > 35, n=42) and healthy volunteers with normal BMI (18.8 – 22.8, n=41) were investigated. The gut microbiota of patients who underwent bariatric surgery showed increased α-diversity and differed β-diversity compared with those before surgery. Interestingly, Blautia was decreased and Bacteriodes was increased at the genus level after bariatric surgery. Further, the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio showed a positive correlation with BMI. These results were similar regardless of the surgery type (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy). To validate these results, we compared the gut microbiota from severely obese patients with high BMI with those from healthy volunteers and demonstrated that the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio correlated positively with BMI. In the gut microbial analysis of patients who underwent bariatric surgery, we identified that the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio had changed after bariatric surgery and showed a positive correlation with BMI. Based on these results, we suggest that bariatric surgery could change the gut microbiota and specific microbiomes might have a potential role in obese patients.
Visual Interpretation of Brain Hypometabolisms Related to Neurological Long COVID: A French Multicentric Experience
Authors: Verger Antoine , Kas Aurélie , Dudouet Pierre , Goehringer François , Salmon Dominique , Guedj Eric
Published: December 2021

This multicenter study aims to provide a qualitative and consensual description of brain 18F-FDG PET images in patients with suspected neurological long COVID, regarding the previously reported pattern involving olfactory bulbs and other limbic/paralimbic regions, as well as the brainstem and cerebellum.Methods: From the beginning of August 2021 to the end of October 2021, brain 18F-FDG PET exams of patients referred for suspected neurological long COVID with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or serology for the SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively reviewed in three French Nuclear Medicine departments. Experimented nuclear physicians from each department had to classify according to the same visual interpretation analysis brain 18F-FDG PET scans as being normal, mildly to moderate (incomplete or moderately hypometabolic), or severely affected within the previously reported long COVID hypometabolic pattern. Results: On the 143 brain 18F-FDG PET performed during this period 3 months, 53% of scans were visually interpreted as normal, 31% as mildly to moderate and 16% as severely affected according to the COVID hypometabolic pattern. Importantly, this specific hypometabolic pattern is reported as identical in the three Nuclear Medicine departments. Typical illustrative examples are provided to help nuclear physicians in the interpretation of long COVID pattern.Conclusion: The proposed PET metabolic pattern is easily identified at visual interpretation in clinical routine in part of patients with suspicion of neurological long COVID, requiring special consideration for fronto-basal paramedian regions, the brainstem and cerebellum.
Case series: Criss-cross Heart
Authors: Patrakunwiwat Panthip , Makarapong Pirapat , Layangkool Thanarat
Published: December 2021

Criss-cross heart (CCH) is a rare cardiac malformation which is characterized by crossing of the inflow streams of the two ventricles due to rotation of ventricular axis. The anomalies can be identified both atrioventricular concordance and discordance. The etiology of CCH is remaining unknown. Prominent symptom is cyanosis. The primary investigation is transthoracic echocardiography to identify this abnormality. Many patients need further investigation to review anatomy. Total correction is the aim for treatment but it is difficult for this complex anatomy. There were 5 patients who visited cardiology clinic at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH) from 2002 to 2017. The objective is to review the treatment options that we performed in CCH. Most common associated anomalies were double outlet right ventricle and pulmonary stenosis. One patient died before surgical intervention; others were performed palliative surgery.