bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring home births in Catalonia (Spain): A cross‐sectional study of women's experiences and influencing factors
Authors: Alcaraz‐Vidal Lucia , Leon‐Larios Fatima , Robleda Gemma , Vila‐ Candel Rafael
Published: November 2023

Aim

The study explores the experiences of women with low‐risk pregnancies and no complications who planned a home birth.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire.

Methods

The questionnaire included socio‐demographic, obstetric and perinatal variables. Birth satisfaction was evaluated via the Spanish version of the childbirth experience questionnaire. The study group comprised home‐birthing women in Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results

A total of 236 women responded. They reported generally positive experiences, with professional support and involvement being the most highly rated dimensions. Better childbirth experiences were associated with labour lasting less than 12 h, no perineal injuries, no intrapartum transfers to hospital, euthocic delivery and the presence of a midwife.

Conclusions

Women's positive home birth experiences were linked to active participation and midwife support. Multiparous women felt safer. Medical interventions, especially transfers to hospitals, reduced satisfaction, highlighting the need for improved care during home births.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Home births should be included among the birthplace options offered by public health services, given the extremely positive feedback reported by women who gave birth at home.

Impact

Home birth is not an option offered under Catalonia's public health system only as a private service. The experience of home‐birthing women is unknown. This study shows a very positive birth experience due to greater participation and midwife support. The results help stakeholders assess home birth's public health inclusion and understand valued factors, supporting home‐birthing women.

Reporting Method

The study followed the STROBE checklist guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.

Public Contribution

Women who planned a home birth participated in the pilot test to validate the instrument, and their contributions were collected by the lead researcher. The questionnaire gathered the participants' email addresses, and a commitment was made to disseminate the study's results through this means.
Health and social care managers' perceptions of factors affecting the competence of managers in knowledge management: A qualitative study
Authors: Karsikas Eevi , Koivunen Kirsi , Meriläinen Merja , Kanste Outi
Published: November 2023

Aim

To describe health and social care managers' perceptions of the factors affecting the competence of managers in knowledge management.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

A semi‐structured interview was conducted with 15 managers from three public health and social care organizations in Finland. Data were collected in the spring of 2022 and analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Health and social care managers perceived that the competence of managers working in knowledge management is affected by managers' behavioural and attitudinal characteristics, their interactive network competence in knowledge management, the dimensions of their competence in knowledge management, the knowledge management infrastructure with which they work and the organizational learning culture within which they work.

Conclusions

The competence of health and social managers in knowledge management is influenced by various factors, including their personal characteristics, management competence and the infrastructure and culture of the organization for which they work. However, their competence is constrained by an absence of clear processes, structures and resources in knowledge management as well as a lack of systematic support and training for managers working in knowledge management.

Impact

The study provides valuable information for improving the competence of managers working in knowledge management in health and social care organizations. The competence of managers working in knowledge management is instrumental for successful implementation and sustaining of knowledge management practices and thus, such competence has a positive impact on the overall performance of an organization.

Implications

Clarifying the roles and responsibilities of health and social care managers, as well as establishing organizational structures, is essential for effective knowledge management in organizations.

Reporting Method

Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist has been used in the reporting.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A biogeographic–macroecological perspective on the rising novelty of the biosphere in the Anthropocene
Authors: Kerr Matthew R. , Ordonez Alejandro , Riede Felix , Svenning Jens‐Christian
Published: November 2023

The concept of novel ecosystems has been discussed for over more than a decade to describe ecosystems that have an altered species composition and function, such that the community has crossed a threshold forbidding a return to its historical state. While spatial and temporal community compositional change has been well studied in biogeography, studies on novel ecosystems in a modern context are few and tend towards classifying novelty based on a static baseline. Given that the abiotic and biotic drivers of novelty are in a state of rapid change, and reaching levels unprecedented within the last hundred thousand to million years, defining such a threshold requires additional thought. Here, we discuss a biogeographical–macroecological perspective on novel ecosystems, exploring how such a threshold for novelty can be defined in an environment undergoing progressive global change and suggesting pathways through which the emergence and spread of novelty can be further explored, understood and managed.
Embodied preparation for learning basic quantum chemistry: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Müller Charlotte H. , Reiher Markus , Kapur Manu
Published: November 2023

Background

Haptic feedback has been shown to be an effective facilitator of the learning of scientific concepts in a series of studies. However, little is known about the underlying salient learning mechanisms, which are activated when learning from haptic feedback.

Objectives

We investigate the learning mechanism in a higher chemistry education setting, in which the students learned about the abstract concept of potential energy in a quantum chemical context.

Methods

In this work, we present a mixed‐methods problem‐solving prior to instruction (PS‐I) study with chemistry bachelor students. In an interactive quantum chemistry learning environment, the students explored the energetic profiles of nucleophilic substitution reactions and the corresponding activation barriers experienced as repulsion and attraction. We measured cognitive and affective mechanisms which have been shown to be activated in PS‐I designs, such as knowledge gap awareness, state curiosity, and positive affect as well as the learning outcome quantitatively and the learning trajectories qualitatively.

Results and Conclusions

Planned contrasts revealed a small hindering effect of the haptic feedback on the learning outcome. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data lets us attribute this effect to the lack of scaffolding of the haptic feedback and the spontaneous atomic movements in the simulation, which may be interpreted as a visual representation of force in itself.

This work highlights the importance of accurate mappings of the haptic feedback unto the target domain and further delivers insight into the prior conceptions of chemistry undergraduate students.
Commentary: Technoference or parental phubbing? A call for greater conceptual and operational clarity of parental smartphone use around children
Authors: Frackowiak Michal , Ochs Carli , Wolfers Lara , Vanden Abeele Mariek
Published: November 2023

Recent years have seen a widespread integration of technology into the daily lives of families. Psychological science has recently started to focus on the use of smartphones by parents while they are engaged in parenting activities, a behavior known under the terms “phubbing,” “technoference,” “parental screen distraction,” and various other terms. We argue that understanding the real impact of co‐present smartphone use by parents is inhibited by problems related to the conceptualization and methodology employed in empirical studies. In the present commentary, we identify the features of current research that may contribute to the theory crisis and hamper the progress of psychological research. Specifically, we discuss the implications of (a) inconsistent conceptualization of the phenomenon and (b) suboptimal operationalizations that may prevent us from understanding what is being studied and call for greater consideration of definitional clarity and valid operationalization in future research.
Effect of hemoglobin A1c management levels on coronary physiology evaluated by quantitative flow ratio in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Chen Mingfeng , Liu Jichen , Xie Zhangxin , Chen Wei , Hu Yanqin , Wen Junping , Chen Jinyan , Chen Xuemei , Lin Lirong , Wang Rehua , Lu Lihong
Published: November 2023

Aims/Introduction

The coronary physiology and prognosis of patients with different hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different levels of HbA1c control on coronary physiology in patients who underwent PCI for coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus by quantitative flow ratio (QFR).

Materials and Methods

Patients who successfully underwent PCI and completed 1‐year coronary angiographic follow up were enrolled, clinical data were collected, and QFR at immediate and 1‐year follow up after PCI was retrospectively analyzed. A total of 257 patients (361 vessels) were finally enrolled and divided into the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)‐compliance group (103 patients, 138 vessels) and non‐HbA1c‐compliance group (154 patients, 223 vessels) according to the HbA1c cut‐off value of 7%. We compared the results of QFR analysis and clinical outcomes between the two groups.

Results

At 1‐year follow up after PCI, the QFR was significantly higher (0.94 ± 0.07 vs 0.92 ± 0.10, P = 0.019) and declined less (0.014 ± 0.066 vs 0.033 ± 0.095, P = 0.029) in the HbA1c‐compliance group. Meanwhile, the incidence of physiological restenosis was lower in the HbA1c‐compliance group (2.9% vs 8.5%, P = 0.034). Additionally, the target vessel revascularization rate was lower in the HbA1c‐compliance group (6.8% vs 16.9%, P = 0.018). Furthermore, HbA1c ≥7% (OR 2.113, 95% confidence interval 1.081–4.128, P = 0.029) and QFR decline (OR 2.215, 95% confidence interval 1.147–4.277, P = 0.018) were independent risk factors for target vessel revascularization.

Conclusion

Patients with well‐controlled HbA1c levels have better coronary physiological benefits and the incidence of adverse clinical outcome events might be reduced.
Automated classification of hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity by convolutional neural network analyses using calibrated clinical images
Authors: Wiala A. , Ranjan R. , Schnidar H. , Rappersberger K. , Posch C.
Published: November 2023

Background

The assessment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity requires detailed, and error‐prone lesion counts. This proof‐of‐concept study aimed to automatically classify HS disease severity using machine learning of clinical smartphone images.

Methods

777 ambient‐light and size‐controlled images were used to build a class‐balanced synthetic dataset (n = 7675). Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used for automated severity classification (scale 0–3), and to assess disease‐dynamics. International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4) served as reference. A U‐NET algorithm was implemented for automated localization of diseased skin.

Results

CNNs were able to distinguish no/mild from moderate/severe disease with an overall prediction accuracy of 78% [receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.85]. Correct IHS4 classification was achieved with an overall accuracy of 72% (AUC 0.84–0.89). In addition, disease dynamics using IHS4 numerical values aligned with CNN outputs (NRMSE 0.262). The UNET algorithm localized lesions with a pixel accuracy of 88.1% and test loss of 0.42.

Limitations

Limitations in assessing tattooed and hairy skin. Limited number of patients with dark skin colour and Hurley I.

Conclusion

CNNs were able to distinguish no/mild from moderate/severe disease, classify disease severity over time, and automatically identify diseased skin areas and the skin phototype. This study breaks new grounds for fast, reliable, reproducible and easy‐to‐use HS severity assessments using clinical images.
A comprehensive review of nondermatophyte mould onychomycosis: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Summerbell Richard C. , Piguet Vincent , Tosti Antonella , Piraccini Bianca Maria
Published: November 2023

Nondermatophyte moulds (NDMs) are widely distributed and can be detected in association with mycotic nails; however, sometimes it can be challenging to establish the role of NDMs in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis (i.e. causative vs. contaminant). In studies where the ongoing invasive presence of NDMs is confirmed through repeat cultures, the global prevalence of NDMs in onychomycosis patients is estimated at 6.9% with the 3 most common genus being: Aspergillus, Scopulariopsis and Fusarium. NDM onychomycosis can, in many cases, appear clinically indistinguishable from dermatophyte onychomycosis. Clinical features suggestive of NDMs include proximal subungual onychomycosis with paronychia associated with Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, as well as superficial white onychomycosis in a deep and diffused pattern associated with Aspergillus and Fusarium. Longitudinal streaks seen in patients with distal and lateral onychomycosis may serve as an additional indicator. For diagnosis, light microscopic examination should demonstrate fungal filaments consistent with an NDM with at least two independent isolations in the absence of a dermatophyte; the advent of molecular testing combined with histological assessment may serve as an alternative with improved sensitivity and turnover time. In most instances, antifungal susceptibility testing has limited value. Information on effective treatments for NDM onychomycosis is relatively scarce, unlike the situation in the study of dermatophyte onychomycosis. Terbinafine and itraconazole therapy (continuous and pulsed) appear effective to varying extents for treating onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus, Fusarium or Scopulariopsis. There is scant literature on oral treatments for Neoscytalidium.
Use of both the diode and Er: YAG lasers in esthetic crown lengthening with the aid of digitally guided dual technique: 3 years follow‐up
Authors: Benítez Carlos Guillermo , Azevedo Luciane Hiramatsu , da Silva Isabela Lopes Santos , de Oliveira Lima Mirella , Yanai Fernanda Yoshiko , Llanos Alexandre Hugo
Published: November 2023

Objective

To explore the feasibility of the usage of digital guides in combination with low‐ and high‐power lasers for the treatment of excessive gingival display, also known as “gummy smile”.

Clinical Considerations

Excessive gingival display due to altered passive eruption can affect patient's perception of their own esthetics and consequently have an impact on self‐confidence. Therefore, the management of this condition should offer a predictable and stable long‐lasting solution. To attain these objectives, digital planning emerges as a tool in optimizing the outcomes of crown lengthening surgery for this condition by enhancing precision through the use of surgical guides. Additionally, the usage of high‐ and low‐powered lasers can provide a safe approach because of their tissue selective removal properties.

Conclusions

The technique described showed satisfactory clinical results in the short‐ and long‐term follow‐up, leading to an improvement in patients' self‐esteem. This approach integrates digital and laser technologies to deliver a surgical treatment characterized by precision, efficiency, and safety.

Clinical Significance

Digital dentistry has contributed to innovative dental procedures, as personalizing surgical guides for patients, assisting and guiding incisions of the gingival margins, as well as the extension of the osteotomy, during the procedures for increasing the clinical crown. Furthermore, smile esthetics are directly related to an individual's improved emotional and social quality of life.
Effect of natural agents on the bond strength to eroded dentin
Authors: Romano Laryssa Karla , Soares Eduardo José , Alves Amorim Ayodele , Geng Vivanco Rocio , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the effect of bromelain and propolis extract on the bond strength (BS) of a universal adhesive system to eroded dentin.

Materials and Methods

Sixty human molars with exposed dentin were halved, with one half protected by composite resin and the other subjected to erosive treatment followed by remineralization. After the erosive treatment, the composite resin was removed, and the teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20): Adhesive‐Control System; Br‐10%; Pr‐16%. Following the treatments, composite resin blocks were built on the dentin surfaces and sticks of 0.9 mm2 were obtained and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and 6 months. After these periods, the sticks underwent bond strength testing and the data were analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, p < 0.05. Fracture patterns were observed using light microscope and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Irrespective of the substrate and aging duration, propolis demonstrated higher BS (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. Eroded dentin exhibited greater removal of the smear layer and dentinal tubules with a larger diameter than sound dentin, especially when treated with bromelain, resulting in the formation of resin tags.

Conclusions

Propolis consistently promoted the highest bond strength, irrespective of aging or substrate. Eroded dentin treated with propolis, or bromelain exhibited a higher prevalence of non‐adhesive fractures and resin tag formation.

Clinical Significance

Propolis shows promise for enhancing the longevity of adhesive restorations in eroded dentin due to its ability to promote high bond strength.
The capacity of conservative preparations for lithium disilicate glass–ceramic laminates luted with different resin cements to mask different substrate shades: A minimally invasive esthetic approach
Authors: da Silva Samara Franco , de Araújo Régis Mylena , Francci Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Objective

Demonstrate the ability of 0.5 mm thickness lithium disilicate laminates associated with resin cement to mask different substrate saturations.

Methods

60 specimens (n = 5) were prepared with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass–ceramic IPS e.max CAD, 0.5 mm thick, in three degrees of translucency (HT, MT and LT); cemented by Variolink Esthetic LC Light+ (L) and Neutral (N) on composite resin substrates A1 and A4 shades. Color measurements were performed by a spectrophotometer (CM‐3700d ‐Konica Minolta). The L*, a*, b* parameters of the tri‐layer structure (laminate/ resin cement/ substrate) were used to calculate color difference () by CIEDE2000 formula and Translucency Parameter (). This study adopted = 0.8, as perceptibility threshold (PT), and = 1.8, as acceptability threshold (AT). Statistical analyses were performed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests (a = 0.05).

Results

Color difference between resin cement shades showed statistical differences (p < 0.0001) and > 1.8 for all groups. Color difference between substrates saturations showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) and values above AT for all groups. The demonstrated significant statistical differences (p < 0.0001). The LTL combination, the opaquest set, showed the smallest values between substrate shades differences, however, above AT.

Conclusion

The translucency of the lithium disilicate, the substrate saturation and the resin cement opacity influenced final color of restoration. The ceramic translucency impact on final color was reduced by opaque resin cement. Furthermore, the LT lithium disilicate and the Light+ resin cement reduced the translucency of the restoration, contributing to mask saturated substrate.

Clinical Relevance

This study shows the influence of conservative lithium disilicate laminates with different degrees of translucency associated with resin cement on final color of saturated substrate restorations. A minimally invasive esthetic protocol for masking substrates is demonstrated by associating low translucency ceramic laminates and opaque resin cement.
Selection and characterization of ssDNA aptamer targeting Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus capsid protein: A potential capture agent in gold‐nanoparticle‐based aptasensor for viral protein detection
Authors: Ghadin Norazli , Yusof Nur Afiqah Md , Syarul Nataqain Baharum , Raston Nurul Hanun Ahmad , Low Chen Fei
Published: November 2023

The giant freshwater prawn holds a significant position as a valuable crustacean species cultivated in the aquaculture industry, particularly well‐known and demanded among the Southeast Asian countries. Aquaculture production of this species has been impacted by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) infection, which particularly affects the larvae and post‐larvae stages of the prawn. The infection has been recorded to cause mortality rates of up to 100% among the affected prawns. A simple, fast, and easy to deploy on‐site detection or diagnostic method is crucial for early detection of MrNV to control the disease outbreak. In the present study, novel single‐stranded DNA aptamers targeting the MrNV capsid protein were identified using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approach. The aptamer was then conjugated with the citrate‐capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the sensitivity of this AuNP‐based aptasensor for the detection of MrNV capsid protein was evaluated. Findings revealed that the aptamer candidate, APT‐MrNV‐CP‐1 was enriched throughout the SELEX cycle 4, 9, and 12 with the sequence percentage of 1.76%, 9.09%, and 12.42%, respectively. The conjugation of APT‐MrNV‐CP‐1 with citrate‐capped AuNPs exhibited the highest sensitivity in detecting the MrNV capsid protein, where the presence of 62.5 nM of the viral capsid protein led to a significant agglomeration of the AuNPs. This study demonstrated the practicality of an AuNP‐based aptasensor for disease diagnosis, particularly for detecting MrNV infection in giant freshwater prawns.
A scoping review of research on polyamory and consensual non‐monogamy: Implications for a more inclusive family science
Authors: Gupta Shivangi , Tarantino Mari , Sanner Caroline
Published: November 2023

Polyamory and consensual non‐monogamy (CNM) refer to partnerships in which individuals have romantic, emotional, and/or sexual relationships with multiple people, with the knowledge and consent of everyone involved. Recent decades have seen a surge in research interest in polyamory and CNM, warranting efforts to pause and take stock of empirical findings. In this scoping review, we evaluate and synthesize 209 research studies about polyamory and CNM, paying particular attention to trends in research design, theoretical application, and substantive findings. Researchers have focused broadly on (a) outcomes of CNM relationships, (b) attitudes and perceptions of CNM, (c) antecedents of CNM, (d) CNM relational processes, (e) CNM identity development, (f) polyamorous family and parenting, and (g) CNM politics and discourse. We synthesize research findings within each domain, identify gaps in the literature, and discuss the challenges and opportunities we see in advancing research on polyamory and CNM.
Child characteristics associated with child quality of life and parenting stress in Angelman syndrome
Authors: Hagenaar D. A. , Bindels‐de Heus K. G. C. B. , Lubbers K. , ten Hoopen L. W. , Rietman A. B. , de Nijs P. F. A. , Hillegers M. H. J. , Moll H. A. , de Wit M. C. Y. , Dieleman G. C. , Mous S. E.
Published: November 2023

Background

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability, movement disorder, epilepsy, sleeping problems, and behavioural issues. Little is known on child health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in AS. AS family studies have reported elevated parenting stress and a high impact of the child's syndrome on the parent. It is unclear which factors influence child HRQoL and parenting stress/impact in AS.

Methods

We collected data prospectively through standardised clinical assessments of children with AS at the ENCORE Expertise centre for Angelman Syndrome at the Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital. A linear regression analysis was conducted for the following outcome variables: (1) child HRQoL (Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire); (2) the impact of the child's syndrome on the parent (Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire); and (3) parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index). Predictor variables were child genotype, epilepsy, sleeping problems (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children), cognitive developmental level (Bayley Cognition Scale), autistic features (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and emotional/behavioural problems (Child Behaviour Checklist). Covariates were sex, age and socio‐economic status.

Results

The study sample consisted of 73 children with AS, mean age = 9.1 years, range = 2–18 years. Emotional/behavioural problems were the strongest significant predictor of lowered child HRQoL. Internalising problems were driving this effect. In addition, having the deletion genotype and higher age was related to lower child HRQoL. Sleeping problems were related to a higher impact of the child's syndrome on the parent. Finally, emotional/behavioural problems were associated with higher parenting stress. Cognitive developmental level, autistic features and epilepsy were not a significant predictor of child HRQoL and parenting stress/impact.

Conclusions

These results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing child HRQoL and decreasing parenting stress/impact in AS should focus on child emotional/behavioural problems and sleeping problems, using a family‐centred approach.
Communities make communities: Comunidades nativas and gold mining among the Arakbut of Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: Pinedo Danny
Published: November 2023

This article examines the role of organization into comunidades nativas (native communities) in the construction of a sense of community among Arakbut settlements of southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Based on ethnographic material, the article argues that communal activities furthered by the comunidad nativa increases social interaction among the settlements’ loosely connected and relatively dispersed kin‐based groups, forging a sense of belonging on which a broader collective identity and social bonds are built. Leasing Arakbut lands to mining settlers, however, has become a main source of internal conflict that threatens to split settlements. But rather than leading to settlement fissioning, this internal conflict encourages the Arakbut to use communal assemblies and fiestas to restore social relations and solidarity, thus strengthening the community identity. Therefore, the sense of community arises not only out of cooperative and cohesive social relations, but also out of conflictive and competitive ones.
An Integrative Review of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Reproductive Traumas of Infertility and Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Swift Alison , Berry Madison , Fernandez‐Pineda Madeline , Haberstroh Amanda
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to chronic diseases and mental health conditions; however, less is known about the associations of ACEs to the reproductive traumas of infertility and pregnancy loss. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore relationships between ACEs and the reproductive traumas of infertility and pregnancy loss.

Methods

We searched PubMed, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases in December 2021 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were qualitative or quantitative research, systematic or integrative reviews, or meta‐analysis articles in English that were peer‐reviewed and full‐text, addressing any ACE from the ACE Checklist and infertility or pregnancy loss. A total of 20 articles were included in the review. We used Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review framework, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses for reporting, and Covidence software for data management. A quality appraisal using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools was performed. Relevant data were extracted into a matrix for iterative comparison.

Results

Twenty studies were included in the review. Results support there may be an association between pregnancy loss and infertility in women with a history of ACE, although results are mixed between infertility and ACEs. We also identified other concepts related to ACEs and the reproductive traumas of infertility and pregnancy loss and include racial and ethnically diverse populations, social determinants of health, modifiable risk factors, and stress appraisals.

Discussion

Midwives and other women's health care providers should be aware that ACEs may be associated with pregnancy loss and infertility, although additional research is needed to further explore the relationships with infertility, mental health, and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysregulation from allostatic load. Trauma‐informed care and the development of effective interventions are warranted for women who experience ACEs. Providers should consider earlier interventions, including emotional services, for women with a history of ACE or reproductive trauma.
Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non‐scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yuling , Dong Xin , Wang Yixin , Li Yu , Xiong Lidan , Li Li
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Non‐scarring alopecia mainly includes androgenetic alopecia (AGA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), alopecia areata (AA), telogen effluvium (TE), anagen effluvium (AE) and so on. Many studies had investigated the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency of patients with these diseases, but opinions varied, and no conclusion was reached.

Methods

Relevant articles were retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and vitamin D deficiency were used as our primary outcome. The odds ratio (OR) and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval were both examined for vitamin D deficiency and levels.

Results

Our meta‐analysis had included a total of 3374 non‐scarring alopecia patients and 7296 healthy controls from 23 studies through the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. We found non‐scarring alopecia had decreased serum 25(OH)D level (WMD −7.29; 95% CI −9.21, −5.38) and increased vitamin D deficiency incidence (OR 3.11 95% CI 2.29, 4.22), compared with healthy controls. This meta‐analysis chose to conduct random‐effect model and subgroup analysis, because of the high heterogeneity (serum 25(OH)D level: I2 = 95%, vitamin D deficiency: I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Patients with non‐scarring alopecia (including AA, FPHL, AGA and TE) have insufficient serum level of 25(OH)D and increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation and monitoring for vitamin D deficiency may be helpful in treating non‐scarring alopecia.
Marital status and happiness during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Hui , Hsieh Ning
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study examines the long‐observed marital advantage in happiness during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic may have altered the marital advantage in happiness due to changes in social integration processes. However, this has not been explored in previous studies.

Method

Data were from the COVID‐19 substudy of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2622). A series of regressions were estimated to understand marital status differences in pandemic happiness and changes in relationships with nonresident family and friends. Karlson–Holm–Breen mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether relationships with nonresident family and friends explained the marital association with pandemic happiness.

Results

From pre‐pandemic to pandemic, married respondents experienced a greater increase in unhappiness than unmarried counterparts, narrowing happiness gaps. However, unmarried individuals, including cohabiting, divorced, widowed, and never married individuals, continued to report higher levels of unhappiness during the pandemic than married peers. These differences primarily stemmed from pre‐pandemic happiness. After controlling for pre‐pandemic happiness, cohabiting, widowed, and never married older adults did not significantly differ from their married counterparts in reporting unhappiness during the pandemic. In contrast, divorced individuals remained consistently more unhappy than married individuals during the pandemic, mainly due to deteriorated relationship quality with nonresident family.

Conclusion

During a global crisis, it is crucial for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers to develop innovative interventions to promote happiness and healthy aging among all older adults, paying special attention to those who are divorced.
Managing the “Downside” of Downsizing: Firms' Impression Offsetting around Downsizing Announcements
Authors: Brauer Matthias , Vandepoele Louis
Published: November 2023

Past studies indicate that investors perceive workforce downsizing negatively, as evidenced by negative short‐term stock returns around downsizing announcements. Impression management theory suggests that downsizing firms thus attempt to offset investors’ negative impressions by issuing positive news around downsizing announcements, and that firms’ impression offsetting can attenuate investors’ negative response. In this study, we test these theoretical predictions but also unpack why and how impression offsetting positively biases investor perceptions. Prior work theorized that impression offsetting is effective because it dilutes investors’ attention and compels them to average positive and negative news items in their minds but did not clarify whether both causal mechanisms are operative, and which one is more powerful. We posit that impression offsetting influences investor response primarily by forcing them to mentally average positive and negative news. Further, our study provides a more nuanced understanding of investors’ mental averaging process. While prior work assumed that all types of positive news are received equally by investors, we argue that positive financial news offsets investors’ negative impressions more effectively than positive operational or social news. The empirical analysis of nearly 1500 downsizing announcements by the largest, public US firms between 2001 and 2020 mainly supports our theoretical reasoning.
How Do Innovation Ecosystems Emerge? The Case of Nanotechnology in Israel
Authors: Drori Issy , Lavie Dovev
Published: November 2023

Research on innovation ecosystems has identified their evolution phases but neglected their emergence, which we know little about. We offer inductive theory to explain the emergence of the nanotechnology ecosystem in Israel. Our theory suggests that ineffective bureaucracy, resource constraints, and the conflicting agendas of the government and universities create organizational bottlenecks that impede the ecosystem's emergence. Only once these actors establish related dedicated units that are immune to these deficiencies and transition to simultaneous competition and cooperation does the innovation ecosystem begin to emerge. We further reveal how enabling and governing mechanisms legitimize the innovation ecosystem, facilitate its emergence, and direct its evolution trajectory. Hence, we extend research that has centered on subsequent phases of evolution and explain how actors interact to facilitate the emergence of the ecosystem following technological discovery. Our study contributes to strategy research on interfirm coopetition by applying this concept to government and university actors, and by alluding to its multiple facets: identity, direction, administration, and resources. We also complement innovation research on the post‐formation dynamics of ecosystems by providing insights into the missing link between technological discovery and the creation of an innovation ecosystem that brings together stakeholders to commercialize that technology.
Defense styles, well‐being, and functional disability in the African context: A structured interview‐based study
Authors: Marchetti Igor , Micheli Ilaria , Grassi Michele
Published: November 2023

Objective

We investigated the defense styles in the African context by exploring their internal structure in Burkinabé individuals. Moreover, we explored how defense styles were related to sociocultural variables. Finally, we tested whether defense styles could mediate the relationship between sociocultural variables and mental well‐being as well as functional disability.

Method

The study recruited 998 individuals (66.9% male; age = 25.50 ± 7.8 years) living in Burkina Faso. Standard measures for defense mechanisms, mental well‐being, and functional disability were administered as a structured interview in the local vehicular language, that is, Dyula.

Results

Principal component analysis identified three major defense styles—mature, neurotic, and immature. Gender, formal education, living area, and believing in traditional practices were associated with any of the three defense styles. Moreover, the immature style mediated the impact of sociocultural variables on specific outcomes, such as higher functional disability and lower mental well‐being. The neurotic style was associated with lower functional disability, while the mature style was not associated with any of the outcome variables.

Conclusion

Our study provided preliminary support to the notion that defense styles may function similarly across cultures and they are likely reactive to the sociocultural context.
A reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration in China
Authors: Wu Wei , Xie Ruibo , Ding Wan , Ding Dan , Tan Deqin , Song Shengcheng , Li Weijian
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration from middle childhood to early adolescence in China and the associated gender differences. Eight hundred ninety‐one children completed a battery of questionnaires at four time points. A random‐intercept cross‐lagged model was established. The results indicated that at the between‐person level, child bullying perpetration was positively associated with physical and psychological maltreatment. At the within‐person level, there was a significant association between an increase in bullying perpetration and an increase in parental psychological and physical maltreatment across the four time points. Conversely, an increase in physical maltreatment led to an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2, while an increase in psychological maltreatment resulted in an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3. Furthermore, an increase in physical maltreatment increased boys' bullying perpetration but decreased that in girls from T2 to T3. These findings provide inspiration for future family education and anti‐bullying interventions in schools.
Algae in the Anthropocene: Managing, conserving, and utilizing algae in an era of rapid environmental change
Authors: Coleman Melinda A.
Published: November 2023

The Anthropocene is defined as the current period in which humans have had a large influence over the status and trajectory of earth's climate and environment. Human‐induced climate change, pollution, and coastal development have caused major changes to algal persistence, distribution, diversity, and function. This has not only brought new challenges for managing and conserving algae, but also new opportunities. This series of perspective pieces will touch on some of these challenges, potential solutions, and knowledge gaps that we must consider in supporting and understanding algae in the Anthropocene.
Elucidating the molecular healing of intrabony defects following non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Koidou Vasiliki P. , Hagi‐Pavli Eleni , Nibali Luigi , Donos Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

Objective

To elucidate the molecular healing of intrabony defects following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) using gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Background Data

Currently limited information is available regarding the GCF of intrabony defects and the change in biomarker levels in the GCF at early time points following treatment interventions.

Methods

Twenty‐one patients (Periodontitis Stage III or IV) who have received NSPT, contributing one intrabony defect and one healthy site were included in this study. GCF sampling was performed at baseline, 1 day, 5 days and 3 months after NSPT. Multiplex bead immunoassays allowed the profiling of GCF for 27 markers, associated with inflammation and repair/regeneration. A mixed effects model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was employed to compare the changes in the levels of GCF markers over time.

Results

Following NSPT, changes were observed for several GCF markers, marked by significant increases 1 day post‐intervention, before returning to baseline levels by 3 months. Specifically, GCF concentrations of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, MMP‐1, MMP‐3, TIMP‐1 and FGFb significantly increased 1 day after NSPT. Signs of activation of cellular senescence were observed 1 day following treatment of intrabony defects, rapidly regressing by 5 days.

Conclusion

Significant molecular changes are observed as early as 1 day following NSPT in intrabony defects, along with activation of cellular senescence.
The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023
Authors: Riemann Dieter , Espie Colin A. , Altena Ellemarije , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Baglioni Chiara , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Bastien Celyne , Berzina Natalija , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Dikeos Dimitris , Dolenc Groselj Leja , Ellis Jason G. , Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Gjerstad Michaela , Gonçalves Marta , Hertenstein Elisabeth , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Hion Tuuliki , Holzinger Brigitte , Janku Karolina , Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus , Järnefelt Heli , Jernelöv Susanna , Jennum Poul Jørgen , Khachatryan Samson , Krone Lukas , Kyle Simon D. , Lancee Jaap , Leger Damien , Lupusor Adrian , Marques Daniel Ruivo , Nissen Christoph , Palagini Laura , Paunio Tiina , Perogamvros Lampros , Pevernagie Dirk , Schabus Manuel , Shochat Tamar , Szentkiralyi Andras , Van Someren Eus , van Straten Annemieke , Wichniak Adam , Verbraecken Johan , Spiegelhalder Kai
Published: November 2023

Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures where indicated) (A). Actigraphy is not recommended for the routine evaluation of insomnia (C), but may be useful for differential‐diagnostic purposes (A). Polysomnography should be used to evaluate other sleep disorders if suspected (i.e. periodic limb movement disorder, sleep‐related breathing disorders, etc.), treatment‐resistant insomnia (A) and for other indications (B). Cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first‐line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults of any age (including patients with comorbidities), either applied in‐person or digitally (A). When cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia is not sufficiently effective, a pharmacological intervention can be offered (A). Benzodiazepines (A), benzodiazepine receptor agonists (A), daridorexant (A) and low‐dose sedating antidepressants (B) can be used for the short‐term treatment of insomnia (≤ 4 weeks). Longer‐term treatment with these substances may be initiated in some cases, considering advantages and disadvantages (B). Orexin receptor antagonists can be used for periods of up to 3 months or longer in some cases (A). Prolonged‐release melatonin can be used for up to 3 months in patients ≥ 55 years (B). Antihistaminergic drugs, antipsychotics, fast‐release melatonin, ramelteon and phytotherapeutics are not recommended for insomnia treatment (A). Light therapy and exercise interventions may be useful as adjunct therapies to cognitive‐behavioural therapy for insomnia (B).
Assessing socio‐environmental suitability and social license of proposed offshore aquaculture development: A Florida case study
Authors: Guthrie Amanda G. , Barbour Nicole , Cannon Sara E. , Marriott Sara E. , Racine Phoebe , Young Ruth , Bae Ashley , Lester Sarah E. , Michaelis Adriane
Published: November 2023

Offshore aquaculture is a growing industry, but a lack of social acceptance is limiting development, including within the USA. We used the Gulf Coast of Florida, where there has been industry and government interest in development, as a case study to explore offshore aquaculture potential and methods for integrating stakeholder concerns into offshore aquaculture development. We assessed (1) social acceptance of offshore aquaculture in the Florida Gulf Coast using public comments; (2) site suitability for offshore development using social, biological, and technical data; and (3) potential impacts of offshore aquaculture on communities using socioeconomic vulnerability indices. We found that many stakeholders distrust policymakers and industry and have concerns about potential environmental impacts. We created species‐specific suitability maps for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana), demonstrating that large areas of the Gulf are suitable for offshore aquaculture development. We show that many coastal and fishing‐reliant communities have existing vulnerabilities that aquaculture development could affect, but the public comments did not reflect these. To gain social acceptance, industry and government agencies will need to better incorporate public feedback into planning processes in a meaningful way. Consulting local communities and adapting projects in response to their concerns can help to secure social license for offshore aquaculture.