bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Cell Arteritis: A review of current knowledge and new biological treatment options
Authors: Cygnarowicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Introduction and objective 
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common primary systemic vasculitis in Europe. It mainly affects individuals over the age of fifty, its incidence increases with age. The most common clinical manifestation is bilateral headache accompanied by systemic symptoms. The disease may be associated with serious complications, such as permanent vision loss, stroke or rupture of aortic aneurysm. The aim of this study is to discuss the current knowledge about giant cell arteritis and new possibilities of biological treatment.
Review methodsTo prepare this review, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used, searching the following terms: “giant cell arteritis,” “temporal arteritis,” “giant cell arteritis biological treatment,” “giant cell arteritis biological therapy,” “giant cell arteritis treatment,” “giant cell arteritis epidemiology.” The search results were limited to publications from 2007 to 2024, as well as key studies from earlier years, including original papers and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
Brief description of the state of knowledgeThe pathogenesis of GCA remains unclear. Since inflammatory factors appear to play an important role, new therapeutic strategies are aimed in direction to interfere these pathways. Setting a diagnosis of GCA requires imaging studies or a temporal artery biopsy. The results of current treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids are unsatisfying, which has led to ongoing research into new therapeutic options.
SummaryEarly diagnosis and initiation of treatment are crucial for preventing occurrence of complications. Although the current treatment regimen is effective, it leads to many side effects and does not prevent relapses. This highlights the need to better understand the pathomechanism of the disease to develop more precise therapeutic strategies, including biological treatment.
Idea Świętej Rusi jako przejaw „metafizycznej nostalgii” w emigracyjnej prozie Iwana Szmielowa (na podstawie powieści Богомолье)
Authors: Gutkowski Michał
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on presenting elements of the idea of Holy Rus’ present in Ivan Shmelyov’s work Pilgrimage. Their use by a Russian author writing in exile may indicate a need to return to his native historical, cultural and religious heritage – which, according to the author of the article, is a manifestation of “metaphysical nostalgia”. This turn by the writer towards the spiritual sphere was triggered, among other things, by dramatic historical circumstances and a family tragedy. Faced with the problems of an emigrant’s life, the return to a well-known idea was a defensive reaction and an expression of opposition to the cultural tendencies of the writer’s contemporaries.
Born Different
Authors: Cossa Antonio , Mildnerová Kateřina
Published: December 2024

The 'Born Different' exhibition presented in the Jagiellonian University Museum was an additional event at the 10th anniversary of the Jagiellonian Research Center for African Studies and the
7th Congress of Polish Africanists.

The exhibition highlighted the photographs which brought to life the daily realities of those living in Africa and afflicted with albinism in two African countries – Zambia and Benin. Due to their otherness, people with albinism were believed to be ghosts though contemporarily their body parts are believed to have magical properties, a notion which causes all kinds of danger and suffering. The central part of the exhibition focuses on the challenges faced by persons with albinism in Zambia. Their rights are violated on a daily basis and they experience multifaceted stigmatisation and social discrimination.
Budd-Chiari syndrome as an initial manifestation of incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Porcu Cecilia , Merkel Nathalie , Fusi- Schmidhauser Tanja
Published: December 2024

This article describes a case of a 26-year-old female with a history of Evan’s syndrome who presented with severe exertional dyspnoea and abdominal discomfort. The patient was diagnosed with chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome, a rare vascular disorder characterized by obstruction of the hepatic vein. We discuss the risk factors, the clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods for Budd-Chiari syndrome, as well as the possible association with an underlying incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus. The importance of close follow-up and timely diagnosis for preventing disease progression and reducing mortality is emphasized. The article concludes by highlighting the need for further monitoring to identify any symptoms or signs suggesting a progression to complete lupus erythematosus.
The Association Between Maternal and Child Nutritional Status: Evidence From a Social Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Bayındır Gümüş Aylin , Köktürk Seda Nur , Yardımcı Hülya , Kara Uzun Aysun , Koç Nevra
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal and child nutritional status, considering the importance of children’s nutrition at an early age.

Material and Methods: Mother-child pairs who attended a social pediatrics outpatient clinic participated in the study. A survey form was used to collect data, including questions regarding general information, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and dietary records. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used as a dietary assessment method. Height and body weight were taken using measurement techniques by researchers. Data of pairs were collected from mothers, and they assisted in taking anthropometric measurements of the children. The recorded data were used to calculate the percentage of daily energy and nutrient requirements met by each participant. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to detect the coefficients of the relationship in SPSS statistic package program.

Results: The study included 104 mother-child pairs. The mean age of the mother and children was 30.7±5.7 years and 41.7±17.3 months, respectively. While 13.5% of the mothers were obese, 16.3% of the children were obese. A significant relationship was found between mothers’ and children’s daily main and snack numbers. The percentage of meeting their energy and protein requirements did not vary according to breastfeeding and complementary feeding parameters. Statistical analysis results showed significant relationships between percentages of meeting their macro and micronutrient requirements of mother-child pairs, except for energy and magnesium.

Conclusion: The study’s results indicate that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of mothers and their children. There is a need for further research investigating the nutritional status of both mothers and children and emphasizing the interdependency of nutrition within the family.
VALORAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DOS DANOS AMBIENTAIS E FONTES CONTAMINANTES
Authors: Pereira Raphael do Couto , Pinto Helena Marquini Zuntini , Vitorio Cleber Vinicius Akita , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Ferreira Leticia Cardoso , Cunha Tatiana Santos da , Gurova Tetyana
Published: December 2024

O interesse em massa pelas questões ambientais surgiu no final da década de 1960. Foi então que começaram a ser percebidos com clareza os problemas de degradação do meio ambiente, que a princípio incidiam principalmente na poluição. Naquela época, o conceito de meio ambiente tinha dois significados bastante claros, dependendo do que era aplicado em países industrializados ou em desenvolvimento. No primeiro caso, as questões ambientais incidiam quase exclusivamente sobre os aspectos da poluição, caso em que foi correto considerar que os problemas ambientais eram de natureza tecnológica, ao passo que nos países em desenvolvimento o conceito era muito mais amplo e de carácter socioeconómico e económico. Mais políticos do que tecnológicos, já que se consideravam os problemas ambientais prioritários, justamente os derivados do subdesenvolvimento: problemas sanitários, condições de assentamentos humanos, carência de moradias e escolas, deficiências nutricionais, destruição de florestas e perda de solo, destruição ou má exploração dos recursos naturais ou outros.
A Model to Predict the Risk of Adverse Ocular Outcomes in Pregnant Women
Authors: Liu Xintian , Wen Yiyi , Zou Haiqing , Wang Shuangyong
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Pregnancy can affect various bodily functions, including metabolism, cardiovascular function, and eyesight. Pathological ocular changes observed during pregnancy are linked to the development of pregnancy-specific conditions, such as preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational diabetes. This study aims to analyze clinical data disease history and maternal characteristics collected during pregnancy, to determine ocular parameters and develop a risk prediction model for adverse ocular outcomes.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 760 pregnant women (1520 eyes) from September 2020 to September 2022 at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. We identified maternal variables that could influence adverse ocular outcomes, including maternal age, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, uterine disease, fetal abnormalities, in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer, hypoproteinemia, and major comorbidities during pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of these independent predictors on adverse ocular outcomes. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off probability with for optimal sensitivity and specificity.

Results Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, GDM, a history of chronic hypertension, and hypoproteinemia were identified as independent predictors of adverse ocular outcomes during pregnancy (p < 0.05). Maternal age, PIH, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), obesity, and pregnancy with immunoglobulin A nephropathy were predictors of moderate and severe retinal arteriole sclerosis during pregnancy (p < 0.05). Additionally, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome were predictors of retinal hemorrhage and exudate during pregnancy (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve for adverse ocular outcomes were 0.75 and 0.74, respectively.

Conclusion Our predictive model effectively forecasts adverse ocular outcomes during pregnancy, incorporating risk factors such as maternal age, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, GDM, obesity, a history of chronic hypertension, hypoproteinemia, IUGR, pregnancy with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and HELLP syndrome.
Molecular diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and milk samples
Authors: AL-MOZAN HANAA DAAJ KHALAF
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Al-Mozan HDK. 2024. Molecular diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and milk samples. Biodiversitas 25: 2648-2655. The extensive use of antiseptic and disinfectants, which are not free of quaternary ammonium compounds, which has occurred recently, led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The current study aimed to determine the accurate method of identification, the presence of QacE, and QacE?1 genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from milk compared to P. aeruginosa of clinical isolates, and the relationship between the presence of QacE, QacE?1 genes, and multidrug resistance. Therefore, 27 clinical and 34 milk samples were collected and examined by biochemical and molecular methods to detect P. aeruginosa bacteria. Also, a susceptibility test was performed. The results exhibited that 13 (21.3%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa using biochemical methods, 8 (13.1%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa by molecular method; the QacE and QacE?1 genes were 100% and 83.3% for clinical isolates and 50% and 100%, respectively, for milk isolates. Both isolates showed superior resistance to ceftazidime and vancomycin, but the clinical isolates outperformed the milk isolates by 50% to ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Clinical isolates were resistant to a greater number of drugs compared to milk isolates. The isolates with the accession numbers (LC805650, LC805652, and LC805651) were registered as new strains. Expression of QacE, QacE?1 genes should be examined to know the true relationship.
Polymer Slot Modulators for Next Generation Data Interconnects
Authors: Drisko Jasper A. , Haghighi Hadi Rabbani , Lucia Felipe Della , Hosseinnia Amir H. , Florjanczyk Miroslaw , Serrano Mateo Powell , Berggren Bryan S. , Damian Andres , Riedel Patrick , Kehe Gannon , Basica Brenden , Wylde Andrew , Shaw Brian , Soule Cody W. , Hasan Mehedhi , Liu Zhiming , Huang Xiaoyue , Chen Baoquan , Johnson Barry L. , Ramann Ginelle A. , Zyskind John L.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present the design of a Polymer Slot Modulator and use it to demonstrate eye diagrams up to 100 Gbaud PAM4/200 Gbps data rates with sub-1-Volt electrical drive amplitudes.
Optical information transfer through random unknown diffusers using a diffractive decoder with electronic encoding
Authors: Li Yuhang , Gan Tianyi , Bai Bijie , Işıl Çağatay , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: December 2024

We present an optical diffractive decoder with an electronic encoder network to accurately transmit optical information of interest through unknown random phase diffusers that are present in the optical path.
Quantum-Enhanced Rotation Sensing and Interferometer Stabilization Using Wavefront Photonic Gears
Authors: Tshuva Guy , Yesharim Ofir , Arie Ady
Published: December 2024

We present a compact, efficient rotation sensor using structured light and bright N00N states. It employs opposite spiral phase plates to convert mechanical rotation into wavefront phase shifts, stabilized by quantum PID control.
Mode-Resolved Measurement of the Frequency Comb Fixed Point Using Dual-Comb Interferometry
Authors: Herman Daniel I. , Walsh Mathieu , Genest Jérôme
Published: December 2024

Dual-comb interferometry locates the fixed point o f a fiber frequency comb to within a single comb mode. This estimate is nearly 1000× more precise than previous methods. Sub-nanometer shifts of the fixed point are examined.
Demonstration of Enhancement in Sensitivity in Measuring Frequency Shift Using a Slow-light Augmented Unbalanced Interferometer
Authors: Zhu Ruoxi , Zhou Zifan , Li Jinyang , Bonacum Jason , Smith David D. , Shahriar Selim
Published: December 2024

Using a slow-light augmented unbalanced Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, we demonstrate an enhancement in sensitivity, by more than two orders of magnitude, of measuring the frequency shift of a laser when compared to the conventional heterodyning technique.
Photonic Ribbon Cables: CMOS-fabricated Devices for Scalable Chip-to-chip Optical and Electrical Interconnection
Authors: Saha Matt , Leenheer Andrew , Clark Genevieve , Damenti Jack , Montoya Josh , Gilbert Gerald , Eichenfield Matt , Englund Dirk
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate our novel CMOS-fabricated, scalable interconnects for photonic integrated systems. These low-loss, channel-dense devices can optically and electrically connect separate photonic chips or spatially isolated components from a single reticle.
A Wavefront Shaping Approach to Second Harmonic Generation Enhancement in WS2
Authors: Berger Russell , Mavian Alex , Dimitrov Edgar , Zhang Na , Rumman Nazifa , Bassène Pascal , Terrones Humberto , Persans Peter , Terrones Mauricio , N’Gom Moussa
Published: December 2024

Using feedback based wavefront shaping (WFS), we enhance the weak second harmonic (SH) generation up to 10x in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) crystals with nanometer scale interaction length probed by a femtosecond pulse.
Extreme Ultraviolet Scatterometry for Characterizing Nanometer Scale Features in a Damascene Sample
Authors: Klein C. , Jenkins N. , Shao Y. , Li Y. , Park S. , Kim W. , Kapteyn H. , Murnane M.
Published: December 2024

We characterize nanoscale out-of-plane features on an industrially relevant semiconductor sample using a coherent extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation source at 29nm. The advantages of using 13.5nm light are also shown.
Multiplexed All-Optical Permutation Operations Using Diffractive Networks with Layer Rotations
Authors: Ma Guangdong , Yang Xilin , Bai Bijie , Li Jingxi , Li Yuhang , Gan Tianyi , Zhang Yijie , Li Yuzhu , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate an all-optical design to perform a large set of permutation operations using diffractive networks with diffractive layer rotations. Experimental validation of this rotatable design was demonstrated at the terahertz part of the spectrum.
Imaging Through Scattering Media with Ultrafast Spatiotemporal Gating on Epsilon-Near-Zero Materials
Authors: Xu Yang , Choudhary Saumya , Alam Mohammad Zahirul , Boyd Robert W.
Published: December 2024

We use a femtosecond spatiotemporal gated four-wave mixing on ITO to image objects through scattering media. The selected ballistic photons give an excellent enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of strong optical diffusers.
A low-loss and broadband all-fiber acousto-optic circulator
Authors: Pennetta Riccardo , Blaha Martin , Rauschenbeutel Arno
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate novel all-fiber and magnetic-field-free circulators based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers including so-called fiber null-couplers. Their low insertion loss makes them ideal tools for the transmission and processing of optically encoded quantum information.
Concentration-Based Study of Serotonin in Polyethylene by Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
Authors: Kumar Rajat , Pathak Nitesh Kumar , Sarkar Jayanta Kumar , Adak Shrabana , Tripathy Umakanta , Datta Prasanta Kumar
Published: December 2024

We report the concentration variation of serotonin in polyethylene medium using THz-TDS. The complex refractive index of serotonin is analyzed using Complex Refractive Index (CRI) model. The RI of serotonin varies linearly with the concentration.
Plasmonics Assisted Self-Assembly of Biologically Active Specimens
Authors: Ranjan Anand Dev , Bhowmick Sucharita , Gupta Arnab , Mallick Amirul Islam , Banerjee Ayan
Published: December 2024

Developing diagnostic tools necessitates patterning biologically active biomolecules. We present a technique for patterning biospecimens using self-assembly mediated by plasmonic microbubbles. We also successfully demonstrate a protocol for immobilising diverse biospecimens on transparent substrates for potential biosensing applications.
Fabrication of Optical Nanofibers for Sensing Applications
Authors: Bashaiah Elaganuru , Suman Shashank , M Resmi , Yalla Ramachandrarao
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate the fabrication of optical nanofibers with diameters of 570 nm and 480 nm using chemical etching and gas-flame techniques, respectively.
Anti-vortex soliton dynamics in systems modelled by a complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau vector equation
Authors: Nko’o Nko’o M. J. , Djazet A. , Mandeng L. M. , Fewo S. I. , Tchawoua C. , Kofané T. C. , Bemmo D. T.
Published: December 2024

Using the variational approach, we show that the anti-vortex vector solution is the best which can be managed using the coupling parameters of the system because it is more stable following its rapid soliton transformation.
Design and Simulation of Triple Quantum Well Vertical Cavity Transistor Laser for Technical Characteristics Investigation
Authors: Mohaghegh Mahsa , Kaatuzian Hassan , Namvar Behzad , Hosseini Mohammad
Published: December 2024

In this work, design and simulation of a triple quantum well vertical cavity transistor laser is investigated. The base and quantum wells width are 120nm and 12nm respectively. The optical power output, DC current gain, and threshold current are investigated in the new structure. The threshold current is estimated on the order of 3.5mA.
LED-based Rotation Speed Identification of Multi-opening Objects
Authors: Zhang Zhilin , Zhang Yiwen , Zhao Wenqian , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: December 2024

A low-cost detection system based on LED is designed, utilizing an attention mechanism to identify 10 different rotation speeds of multi-opening objects, achieving an average identification accuracy of 90.36% across 14 types of objects.
Performance of the ptychography python module Tike on an HHG based tabletop EUV source
Authors: Buckway Taylor J. , Redd Aaron , Taylor Hyrum , Miller Joshua , Sandberg Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Coherent tabletop extreme ultraviolet sources are becoming more prominent in laboratory scaled high resolution microscopy. We processed our ptychographic reconstructions with Tike, a high-performance ptychographic python module for diffraction based ptychography.
Attenuation Resilient Underwater Ranging Using Petal-Like Structured Light with Tailorable Longitudinal Intensity
Authors: Wang Yingning , Duan Yuxiang , Zeng Ruoyu , Zhou Huibin , Jiang Zile , Zuo Yue , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Bock Robert , Mojahedi Mo , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: December 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a petal-like attenuation-resilient ranging beam with a ~9.5-dB central power enhancement at a 0.4-meter ranging distance, achieving 5 mm average ranging errors over 0-0.4 m in scattering water (γ = 5.1 m-1).
Photon Number and Wait-time Distributions for Superposed Light States
Authors: Seglem Eric , Vyas Reeta
Published: December 2024

Photon-number and wait-time distributions are studied for superposed coherent states (SCS), and superposed squeezed-vacuum states (SSVS). The odd-cat (even-cat) states always show antibunching (bunching), generalized SCS show bunching and antibunching, and SSVS always show bunching.
Silicon-Based Schottky Photodetectors Use a Microstructures Resonant Cavity Design to Extend MWIR Sensitivity
Authors: Dong Yao-Han , Lin Kun-Rong , Lin Ching-Fuh
Published: December 2024

The resonant cavity design of inverted pyramid structures allows silicon-based photodetectors to measure MWIR wavelengths up to 6 µm. Additionally, the design of the inverted truncated-pyramid structure's base enhances the response at specific wavelengths.
Ultra Low Bit Error Rate for Line-Of-Sight and Non-Line-Of-Sight Free-space Communication with Fractal-encoded Beams
Authors: Crumpton T. , Wijerathna E. , Vuong L. T.
Published: December 2024

Fractal-structured light offers misalignment and turbulence-robust beam structures for FSO communication and sensing. We show the machine-learned predictions of high SVD-entropy diffractals exhibit ultra-low bit error rates.
Defect-mediated band engineering of PEG-coated CeO2 nanostructures for amplified non-invasive photothermal treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Sarkar Sayoni , Srivastava Rohit , Kulkarni Ajit R.
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate
VO•-driven photothermal response of PEG-CeO2 nanostructures for cervical cancer theranostics. Under laser irradiation, an unprecedented 86.8% reduction in HeLa cells within 48 hours is achieved, with no adverse effects on adjacent healthy cells.
Improving NIR single-pixel imaging: using deep image prior and GANs
Authors: Osorio Quero Carlos , Rondon Irving , Martinez-Carranza Jose
Published: December 2024

We introduce a hybrid approach that combines deep image prior (DIP) with generative adversarial networks (GANs) to improve the resolution of single-pixel imaging (SPI). SPI excels in challenging conditions such as low light or limited spectral camera availability, particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) range from 850 to 1550 nm. By employing an unsupervised image super-resolution technique based on DIP, we reduce the need for extensive direct SPI image datasets. This innovation simplifies enhancing image quality in specific NIR bands. We provide numerical and experimental evidence to support our method and detail the enhancements in UNet and GAN architectures across four neural network configurations.
Determining 3D molecular orientation from polarization-IR spectra: tutorial
Authors: Lee Young Jong
Published: December 2024

Despite the ubiquity of molecular alignment in natural and synthesized materials, accurate mapping of three-dimensional (3D) molecular orientations with sufficient spatial resolving power has remained challenging. Conventional analysis approaches of polarization-based optical imaging cannot measure the out-of-plane angle of molecular orientations without tilting a sample. Recently, we proposed a new theoretical algorithm to determine the 3D orientation angle of aligned molecules using polarization-controlled infrared (IR) spectral data without tilting a sample. The algorithm was based on a concurrent analysis of the absorptances of two non-parallel IR transition dipole moments using a single orientational descriptor. The outcome of the non-iterative calculation is the 3D angle of the mean orientation and the order parameter of the local orientational distribution function. The algorithm was successfully applied to the analysis of polarization-controlled hyperspectral IR imaging of semi-crystalline polymer films. This tutorial derives and summarizes various theoretical descriptions presented in our recent papers and discusses the assumptions and limitations associated with the analysis method.
Metal–dielectric terahertz metasurface integrated with polarization filtering for high-efficiency wavefront modulation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Nannan , Wu Yiwen , Dong Peng , Wang Baozhu , Meng Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

This paper designs a metasurface configuration combining a metal–dielectric metasurface with a polarization filtering grating to obtain high efficiency of electromagnetic (EM) manipulation with ease of fabrication. The metasurface leverages the polarization conversion capabilities of the C-shaped split-ring resonator (CSRR), coupled with the Fabry–Perot effect induced by the polarization filtering grating, achieving a remarkable polarization conversion efficiency exceeding 86.4%. The structure retains a transmission-mode configuration, facilitating its integration into various applications. To validate the concept, we designed and simulated polarization, focusing, and holographic devices. Compared to conventional metasurfaces, the proposed polarization-filtering-based terahertz metasurface devices exhibit enhanced efficiency. This research offers a practical solution to improve the efficiency and performance of metasurface wavefront modulation devices, paving the way for their integration into advanced applications.
Broadband transmission characterization of indoor building materials using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Zhai Min , Shi Haolian , Pan Haoyue , Xiao Bin , He Wenlong , Lu Xingxing , Zhai Cong
Published: December 2024

The demands for achieving larger transmission capacity, lower latency, and higher efficiency are driving the carrier frequency to evolve up to the terahertz (THz) band. Understanding the optical and dielectric properties of indoor building materials within the THz frequencies is crucial for designing a reliable and robust propagation channel in the future wireless communication system. In this paper, four common indoor building materials, namely, ceramic, gypsum plasterboard, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and soda-lime float glass, are systematically recorded using THz time-domain spectroscopy in the transmission configuration. The frequency-dependent refractive index n(ν), absorption coefficient α(ν), complex permittivity ε(ν), electrical conductivity σ(ν), as well as loss tangent tan δ(ν) are calculated based on Fresnel equations from 200 GHz to 3 THz. These measured material parameters can serve as a valuable database for modeling the propagation channel of future 6G communications.
Conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface with a simple structure
Authors: Sun Xiaofeng , Li Yunhao , Xie Qiqi , Mou Xiangyong , Zhao Yuan , Du Guohong
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface (RMS) with a simple structure applied for wireless power transferring (WPT), featuring polarization insensitivity and wide-angle incidence capabilities. The RMS unit adopts a rotationally symmetric structure consisting of double rings and cross-shaped elements, with two diodes placed in the gap of the cross-shaped to achieve polarization insensitivity. Simultaneously, by adjusting the dimensions of the “double ring and cross” structure, its output impedance is varied to achieve conjugate matching with the diode input impedance, thereby eliminating the impedance matching network. Furthermore, a diode and an inductor are series-connected at the ends of one horizontal branch and one vertical branch of each unit’s cross-shaped structure to enable interconnection between the RMS units and to form a direct current (DC) pathway. Simplifying the power combining network and reducing the complexity of the RMS system structure. The RMS of 6 × 6 units was designed and fabricated using a 0.6 mm flexible polyimide substrate, with overall dimensions of 114.6mm × 114.6 mm. Measurement results demonstrate that at 5.8 GHz, the proposed RMS achieves a system efficiency exceeding 66.26% under different polarizations. System efficiency exceeds 50.42% over an incident angle range of 0° to 30° and reaches 68.18% at an incident power density of 0.796 mW/cm2. Even with a conformal cylindrical radius of 100 mm, system efficiency remains above 35.44%.
High combiner efficiency and self-aligned compact double-sided diffractive waveguide based on linear surface relief gratings
Authors: Wang Lingyi , Zhao Yuxuan , Zeng Lijiang
Published: December 2024

A diffractive waveguide based on surface relief gratings demonstrates significant potential for augmented reality owing to its ultra-thin and lightweight design, as well as its feasibility for mass production using nanoimprint technology. However, traditional waveguides suffer from low combiner efficiency. To address this issue, we propose what we believe to be a novel double-sided surface relief grating waveguide (abbreviated as double-sided waveguide) with a high combiner efficiency, which comprises a double-sided in-coupler, two single-sided turners, and a double-sided out-coupler. The double-sided in-coupler significantly increases the total in-coupling efficiency, and the turners effectively utilize the dispersed in-coupled energy. The double-sided out-coupler with optimized grating profile parameters minimizes light leakage. The concept has been validated through simulations and experiments. Our results indicate that the fabricated waveguide achieves a central combiner efficiency of 4206 nit/lm under a 30° field of view and 13 mm ×11 mm eye box conditions, exceeding that of traditional diffractive waveguides by more than four times. Additionally, we propose a fabrication method that allows the grating vectors on this waveguide to be self-aligned in a parallelogram. This ensures distortion-free and chromatic-aberration-free image output while simplifying the double-sided nanoimprint fabrication process. These advancements suggest broad potential applications of this waveguide in augmented reality.
Multispectral Schwarzschild imaging system for the extreme ultraviolet emission measurement of tokamak plasma: erratum
Authors: Si Haoxuan , Yi Shengzhen , Ming Tingfeng , Zhang Zhe , Li Gongshun , Hou Shanwei , Jiang Li , Wang Zhanshan , Gao Xiang , Liu XiaoJu , Li Guoqiang
Published: December 2024

This erratum corrects the affiliation addresses of authors of our paper [Opt. Express 32, 43748 (2024).10.1364/OE.545563].
Far fields of two-dimensional TM modes in Dirac-vortex topological cavity
Authors: Gao Xiaomei , Chang Siqi , Li Zongliang , Zhai Tianrui
Published: December 2024

Dirac-vortex cavities have single-mode emitting, scalable mode areas, arbitrary mode degeneracies, and vector-beam vertical emission, which attract more and more researchers’ attention. Here, we demonstrate the single-mode of two-dimensional transverse magnetic (TM) Dirac-vortex topological cavity modes that are not only generally available for high power topological surface-emitting lasers (TCSEL) but also are one of the excellent candidates for refractive index sensors. The principle for winding number is studied, and the scaling laws are shown with cavity mode diameters. The methods can be directly guidance for far-field detection of the Dirac-vortex cavity TM mode in experiment. It is promising for an extremely wide range of applications for Dirac-vortex cavities.
Ultra-sensitive liquid crystal-coated microbubble resonator based on a whispering gallery mode for penicillin G detection
Authors: An Peiyao , Hao Xiaolei , Zhang Shanshan , Li Mengxiao , Wang Chuan , Yang Mingxiang , Yu Miao , Ren Jun , Shen Rensheng , Wu Zhenlin
Published: December 2024

Penicillin G detection is of great significance in medical research and disease diagnosis. Liquid crystal (LC), as a branch of sensitive materials, has a broad application prospect in the field of biosensing. Herein, a liquid crystal-coated silica microbubble resonator (LC-MBR), with high sensitivity for penicillin G detection, has been proposed and demonstrated. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) spectra with a Q factor exceeding 106 were excited through the coupling between tapered fiber and LC-MBR. The orientation transition of the LC molecules, combined with WGM resonance, amplified target information and triggered wavelength blueshifts. LC-MBR was then applied in pH detection, achieving a sensitivity of 2.51 nm/pH within a pH range of 3.8–8.5. This resonator was also successfully employed to detect enzymatic reactions of penicillinase, with a detection limit of 6 × 103 U/mL. The fabricated sensor offers significant advantages, including a simple structure, improved stability, and higher sensitivity across a wide pH detection range, making it a promising candidate for future biomedical applications.
Deep learning-based prediction of atmospheric turbulence toward satellite-to-ground laser communication
Authors: Yu Haoran , Li Lang , Hou Yifu , Li Yalin , Yin Ci , Gao Chunqing , Fu Shiyao
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric turbulence is one of the key factors that affect the stability and performance of satellite-to-ground laser communication (SGLC). Predicting turbulence could provide a decisive strategy for the SGLC system to ensure communication performance and is thus of great significance. In this Letter, we proposed a hybrid multi-step prediction method for atmospheric turbulence. In the proof-of-concept experiment, we collected Fried parameters (representing turbulence strength) along the SGLC link continuously for more than 3 months at the Miyun satellite ground station, near Beijing, China, and then trained the model for prediction. The favorable experimental results illustrate that the proposal can achieve 4-h prediction of turbulence Fried parameter at a resolution of 10 min, with performance increase of 7.54%, evaluated by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
Agile acousto-optic delay line for fast impulsive stimulated Raman imaging
Authors: Suresh Sisira , Martin Ines , Metais Samuel , Vourdaki Chrysa , Coudreau Sébastien , Bartels Randy , Forget Nicolas , Rigneault Hervé
Published: December 2024

We introduce and characterize a fast (50 kHz), long range (50 ps) and
random-access optical delay line based on an acousto-optic deflector
inserted in the Fourier plane of a zero-dispersion line. The
advantages of this agile delay line are demonstrated in the context of
impulsive stimulated Raman imaging in the low-frequency range (<200
cm−1). Besides fast imaging with a spectral
resolution of 1.5 cm−1, we show that random-access
delay may be exploited to selectively image molecular species at high
speed.
Tailoring supercontinuum generation in a cascaded random Raman fiber laser based on a tunable noise pump
Authors: Leng Zhitao , Chen Lu , Deng Wei , Liang Houkun , Wu Han
Published: December 2024

The control of temporal noise of the pump could add an additional degree of freedom to manipulate the spectrum of continuous-wave (CW) pumped SC generation. In this paper, we experimentally tailor the CW-pumped supercontinuum (SC) generation in a cascaded Raman random fiber laser (CRRFL) based on a 1 µm pump with tunable temporal dynamics. The pump is based on a spectrally filtered ytterbium-doped random fiber laser (YRFL) seed laser, which can be amplified to a 10 W level with the tunable temporal noise. By increasing the detuning between the wavelength of a filter and the central wavelength of a YRFL, the temporal noise of the pump can be gradually increased, and we experimentally demonstrate the larger temporal noise of the pump can significantly enhance the spectral performance of SC generation in terms of spectral bandwidth and flatness. As a result, we realize the enhanced SC generation in a CRRFL with a more than doubled −10 dB bandwidth in a 50-km-long single-mode fiber by optimizing the temporal dynamics of the pump. We also demonstrate the enhanced output power of the spectral-optimized SC generation to 1.27 W with a shorter cavity length. We anticipate the combination of a tunable temporal noise ytterbium-doped pump and CRRFL could provide a new route to realize high-power, ultra-broadband, and smooth SC generation in a simple fiber cavity.
FST and genetic diversity in an island model with background selection
Authors: Hasan Asad , Whitlock Michael C.
Published: December 2024

Background selection, by which selection on deleterious alleles reduces diversity at linked neutral sites, influences patterns of total neutral diversity, πT, and genetic differentiation, FST, in structured populations. The theory of background selection may be split into two regimes: the background selection regime, where selection pressures are strong and mutation rates are sufficiently low such that deleterious alleles are at a deterministic mutation-selection balance, and the interference selection regime, where selection pressures are weak and mutation rates are sufficiently high that deleterious alleles accumulate and interfere with another, leading to selective interference. Previous work has quantified the effects of background selection on πT and FST only for deleterious alleles in the background selection regime. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that migration reduces the effects of background selection on FST, but this has not been fully explained. Here, we derive novel theory to predict the effects of migration on background selection experienced by a subpopulation and extend previous theory from the interference selection regime to make predictions in an island model. Using simulations, we show that this theory best predicts FST and πT. Moreover, we demonstrate that background selection may generate minimal increases in FST under sufficiently high migration rates, because migration reduces correlated effects on fitness over generations within subpopulations. However, we show that background selection may still cause substantial reductions in πT, particularly for metapopulations with a larger effective population size. Our work further extends the theory of background selection into structured populations, and suggests that background selection will minimally confound locus-to-locus FST scans.
Investigating experiences of stigma and its impact on substance use recovery among residents of recovery residences in the United States: A scoping review protocol. BSGH 020
Authors: Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu , Hogarty Sahil , Shamrock Osman Wumpini , Russell Holly , Manchisi Kate , Smith Van , Mericle Amy
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this scoping review is to systematically review the literature on stigma experienced by residents in recovery residences and its impact on substance use recovery outcomes.

Method

The review will use the PRISMA-ScR framework to identify studies focused on stigma and recovery in recovery residences published in English within the United States since 2000, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies. Data will be extracted and analyzed thematically to identify gaps in the literature and inform future research and policy development.

Result

Preliminary findings suggest that stigma, including labeling and discrimination, significantly hinders recovery by promoting secrecy and withdrawal among residents. Proximity to recovery residences has been shown to reduce community stigma, indicating the potential for better integration and acceptance.

Conclusion

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of stigma in recovery residences, its effects on substance use recovery, and recommendations for creating supportive recovery environments. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform policy, practice, and research, highlighting the need for stigma reduction to improve recovery outcomes in recovery residences. By addressing gaps in the literature, the findings will contribute to developing more effective interventions and supportive environments for individuals recovering from substance use.
Newcastle disease virus infection induces parthanatos in tumor cells via calcium waves
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Siyuan , Jiang Hui , Liao Ying , Qiu Xusheng , Tan Lei , Song Cuiping , Nair Venugopal , Yang Zengqi , Sun Yingjie , Ding Chan
Published: December 2024

Parthanatos is distinct from caspase-dependent apoptosis in that it does not necessitate the activation of caspase cascades; Instead, it relies on the translocation of Apoptosis-inducing Factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus, resulting in nuclear DNA fragmentation. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus that selectively targets and kills tumor cells by inducing cell apoptosis. It has been reported that NDV triggers classic apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. In this study, we observed that NDV infection induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which caused a rapid release of endogenous calcium ions (Ca2+). This cascade of events resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and structural remodeling of the mitochondria. The overload of Ca2+ also initiated an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability, facilitating the transfer of AIF to the nucleus to induce apoptosis. Damaged mitochondria produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further exacerbated mitochondrial damage and increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, thus promoting additional intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and ultimately triggering an ROS burst. Collectively, these findings indicate that NDV infection promotes excessive calcium accumulation and ROS generation, leading to mitochondrial damage that releases more calcium and ROS, creating a feedback loop that exacerbates AIF-dependent parthanatos. This study not only provides a novel perspective on the oncolytic mechanism of NDV but also highlights new targets for antiviral research.
Chickpea NCR13 disulfide cross-linking variants exhibit profound differences in antifungal activity and modes of action
Authors: Godwin James , Djami-Tchatchou Arnaud Thierry , Velivelli Siva L. S. , Tetorya Meenakshi , Kalunke Raviraj , Pokhrel Ambika , Zhou Mowei , Buchko Garry W. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Shah Dilip M.
Published: December 2024

Small cysteine-rich antifungal peptides with multi-site modes of action (MoA) have potential for development as biofungicides. In particular, legumes of the inverted repeat-lacking clade express a large family of nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides that orchestrate differentiation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria into bacteroids. These NCRs can form two or three intramolecular disulfide bonds and a subset of these peptides with high cationicity exhibits antifungal activity. However, the importance of intramolecular disulfide pairing and MoA against fungal pathogens for most of these plant peptides remains to be elucidated. Our study focused on a highly cationic chickpea NCR13, which has a net charge of +8 and contains six cysteines capable of forming three disulfide bonds. NCR13 expression in Pichia pastoris resulted in formation of two peptide folding variants, NCR13_PFV1 and NCR13_PFV2, that differed in the pairing of two out of three disulfide bonds despite having an identical amino acid sequence. The NMR structure of each PFV revealed a unique three-dimensional fold with the PFV1 structure being more compact but less dynamic. Surprisingly, PFV1 and PFV2 differed profoundly in the potency of antifungal activity against several fungal plant pathogens and their multi-faceted MoA. PFV1 showed significantly faster fungal cell-permeabilizing and cell entry capabilities as well as greater stability once inside the fungal cells. Additionally, PFV1 was more effective in binding fungal ribosomal RNA and inhibiting protein translation in vitro. Furthermore, when sprayed on pepper and tomato plants, PFV1 was more effective in reducing disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In conclusion, our work highlights the significant impact of disulfide pairing on the antifungal activity and MoA of NCR13 and provides a structural framework for design of novel, potent antifungal peptides for agricultural use.
A zebrafish-based in vivo model of Zika virus infection unveils alterations of the glutamatergic neuronal development and NS4A as a key viral determinant of neuropathogenesis
Authors: Sow Aïssatou Aïcha , Jamadagni Priyanka , Scaturro Pietro , Patten Shunmoogum A. , Chatel-Chaix Laurent
Published: December 2024

Infection of pregnant women by Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with severe neurodevelopmental defects in newborns through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we established a zebrafish in vivo model of ZIKV infection to circumvent limitations of existing mammalian models. Leveraging the unique tractability of this system, we gained unprecedented access to the ZIKV-infected brain at early developmental stages. The infection of zebrafish larvae with ZIKV phenocopied the disease in mammals including a reduced head area and neural progenitor cells (NPC) infection and depletion. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses of NPCs isolated from ZIKV-infected embryos revealed a distinct dysregulation of genes involved in survival and neuronal differentiation, including downregulation of the expression of the glutamate transporter vglut1, resulting in an altered glutamatergic network in the brain. Mechanistically, ectopic expression of ZIKV protein NS4A in the larvae recapitulated the morphological defects observed in infected animals, identifying NS4A as a key determinant of neurovirulence and a promising antiviral target for developing therapies.
Flaviviruses induce ER-specific remodelling of protein synthesis
Authors: Wong Ho Him , Crudgington Dorian Richard Kenneth , Siu Lewis , Sanyal Sumana
Published: December 2024

Flaviviruses orchestrate a unique remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to facilitate translation and processing of their polyprotein, giving rise to virus replication compartments. While the signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent pathway is the canonical route for ER-targeting of nascent cellular membrane proteins, it is unknown whether flaviviruses rely on this mechanism. Here we show that Zika virus bypasses the SRP receptor via extensive interactions between the viral non-structural proteins and the host translational machinery. Remarkably, Zika virus appears to maintain ER-localised translation via NS3-SRP54 interaction instead, unlike other viruses such as influenza. Viral proteins engage SRP54 and the translocon, selectively enriching for factors supporting membrane expansion and lipid metabolism while excluding RNA binding and antiviral stress granule proteins. Our findings reveal a sophisticated viral strategy to rewire host protein synthesis pathways and create a replication-favourable subcellular niche, providing insights into viral adaptation.
Dialogues: Fashion beyond the Wearable, curated by Andrea Hasselrot Gothenburg Museum of Art, Gothenburg, 12 May 2023–7 January 2024
Authors: Warkander Philip
Published: December 2024

Review of: Dialogues: Fashion beyond the Wearable, curated by Andrea Hasselrot Gothenburg Museum of Art, Gothenburg, 12 May 2023–7 January 2024