bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-Stimulant and Nitrogen Fixating Efficacy of Leaf Extract on the Early Growth of Adansonia digitata Linneus for Nursery Development
Authors: Ogunbela Ayo A. , Salami Dele K. , Muhammad Opeyemi I. , Adesanmi Seun V. , Apenah Olamide M. , Ajayi Kehinde O. , Agboola Olatunji J. , Elumalero Olabode G. , Lukman Temitope A.
Published: February 2025

Slow initial growth of baobab seedlings presents a significant challenge for widespread cultivation and productive plantation establishment. Synthetic growth promoters often carry environmental risks, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. This study evaluates the bio-stimulant and nitrogen-fixing efficacy of leaf powders derived from locally available plants to enhance the growth of Adansonia digitata seedlings during nursery development. This research focused on the application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera), Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Senna (Senna semia), and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) leaf powders as growth promoter. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications were used to assess the impact of these treatments on shoot height, stem diameter, leaf number, and leaf area. Results revealed that Moringa leaf powder significantly enhanced all growth parameters. Seedlings treated with Moringa showed the highest increase in shoot height, reaching 6.23 cm, compared to 3.6 cm in the control group. Similarly, Moringa-treated seedlings exhibited the most substantial leaf production, with up to five leaves per seedling. Bitter Leaf and Tamarind treatments also demonstrated moderate effects with Bitter Leaf improving shoot height and leaf number, while Tamarind slightly increased leaf area and stem diameter 2.43 cm and 20.27 mm respectively. The findings emphasize the potential of plant-derived bio-stimulants as sustainable alternative to synthetic growth enhancers. The use of these bio-stimulants not only improves seedling vigor but also aligns with environmental sustainability goals by reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers.
Digital Solution for Seamless Water Supply Management in Wukari Metropolis
Authors: Egwom Onyinyechi Jessica , Godwin Alexander Idemudia , Ogar Michael Oko , John Gift
Published: February 2025

Access to safe and reliable water sources is a critical challenge faced by many urban areas, including Wukari Metropolis, Nigeria, where residents encounter significant difficulties obtaining clean water. Water vending is an ancient practice globally, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, where vendors deliver water by hand, donkey carts, pushcarts, or tank trucks. People patronize these informal water supplies despite lacking safety and quality assurance. Residents struggle with limited access to safe water sources and lack efficient water vendors. As such, this study addresses these pressing issues by proposing a web-based water supply management system designed to enhance accessibility and efficiency. The proposed system will allow users to conveniently order water through their smartphones, featuring functionalities such as user registration, order placement, order tracking, and flexible payment options. Utilizing an object-oriented design methodology, specifically the Unified Modelling Language (UML), the system development was guided by best practices in software engineering. This innovative solution addresses the limitations of the existing water supply system, providing a more convenient and effective means for residents to access clean water in Wukari metropolis.
Assessment of Computer Studies Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Private Secondary Schools in New Bussa Metropolis, Niger State
Authors: Adigun Joseph Olusegun , Oyetunde Olanike Lydia , Adedokun-Shittu Nasfisat A. , Ajani Adedeji Hammed , Irunokhai Eric A. , Saliu Mohammed Shaba , Adeyemi O. T. , Wealth A. S. , Aladeokin B. O. , Adenike O. A. , Adepoju O. V. , Adekoya O. O.
Published: February 2025

A teacher that is satisfied with his/her job is equipped with collection of best teaching practices and it could also be noted that improvement of classroom instruction is largely dependent upon teachers’ satisfaction with his/her job. The study assesses “computer studies teachers’ job satisfaction in private secondary schools in New Bussa metropolis, Niger state”. The design for the study was qualitative wherein participants were extensively interviewed. Four (4) research questions guided the study. The sample selected for the study comprises of ten (10) computer studies teachers from seven (7) private schools in New Bussa metropolis. The interview questions were written in interview protocol proforma to guide the researcher in interviewing each teacher and the important observations were recorded in detail on the last pages given in the same proforma. The interview process of each teacher was recorded using mobile phone sound recorder and each recording was transcribed after the completion of every interview. An inductive thematic analysis conducted on the transcripts were used to generate codes which were converted into potential themes, then those potential themes and relevant data were merged and all transcripts themes and data were reviewed and analysed descriptively. The findings of the study showed that computer studies teachers were satisfied with the support and collaboration, recognition and feedback, ability to balance work and personal life that the computer teaching job accorded them. However, the computer studies teachers were not satisfied with their work environment, professional development, career growth and salary/pay. Specifically, the teachers’ job satisfaction level in the study area was found to be relatively above average. Furthermore, it was found that computer teachers’ job satisfaction can be improved by providing necessary facilities which help them bring out better academic performances in their students
Comparative Studies of the Antifungal Properties of Mango and Orange Leaves in the Prevention of Gummy Stem Blight in both Water Melon and Cucumber
Authors: Nnebechukwu Ijeoma Adaku , Stephen Blessing , Danahap Luka Sambo , Utoblo O. G.
Published: February 2025

Gummy stem blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Didymella bryoniae, is a significant disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus), leading to reduced yield and economic losses.  Fungicides are commonly used to manage this disease; however, they pose risks such as environmental pollution, fungal-resistance and food safety concerns.  There is need to explor plant-based alternatives due to their biodegradability, safety and eco-friendliness. This study evaluated phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial potential of ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of orange (Citrus sinensis) and mango (Mangifera indica) against Didymella bryoniae, the causal agent of gummy stem blight in watermelon and cucumber. Leaf extracts were prepared using Soxhlet extraction with methanol and water as solvents, and the agar well diffusion method was employed for the susceptibility assay. Preliminary fungal identification was based on conidial and colony morphology, Pathogenicity was conducted on fresh test plants to ensure the organism caused the disease. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, and alkaloids in both extracts, with orange leaf extract exhibiting a high concentration of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides (+++). Saponins and anthraquinones were absent in both extracts. Methanolic orange leaf extract demonstrated the highest antifungal activity, with zones of inhibition measuring 88.00 mm and 80.00 mm at concentrations of 200 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL, respectively. In contrast, methanolic mango leaf extract exhibited inhibition zones of 62.23 mm and 57.89 mm at the same concentrations. The lowest concentration (12.50 mg/mL) showed minimal activity (20.21 mm). Fluconazole, used as a control, exhibited inhibition zones of 100 mm at similar concentrations. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in the inhibition zones among the various concentrations and between the extracts and the control. The results suggest that orange leaf extract is more effective than mango leaf extract in inhibiting Didymella bryoniae.
"On the Vaporization and Centralization of the Self": The Notion of the Subject in Modern Western Discourse
Authors: Loia Donato
Published: February 2025

The paper focuses on initiating a conversation on the “question of the subject,” beyond the strict contraposition of autonomy and non autonomy. The discussion begins by providing a brief introduction to the notion of “autonomy of the subject.” It describes certain crucial arguments that have validated the decentering of the subject-centered paradigm. Within different sections, the limits of both autonomous and non-autonomous paradigm have been identified, and an excursus on art historical and visual case studies has been provided to substantiate each paradigm. The study, thus, develops an argument that it is impossible to cleanly separate the category of the subject from a dimension simultaneously autonomous and non-autonomous.
Time of Covid. Fear, Weakness, Uncertainty in the African Experience.
Authors: Beyaraza Ernest
Published: February 2025

The time of Covid is characterised not only by fear, weakness, and
uncertainty but also by how different societies and individual persons in
the world have faced these challenges, the lessons the people have learnt
from past similar issues and lessons for future concerns and possibilities.
The pandemic which erupted in Wuhan, China, was controlled by the
Chinese people at a similar speed with which it had erupted. Two storied
makeshift hospitals, one with 1,000 beds and the other with 1,500 beds
were constructed in the record time the world will live to remember. The
way the country is organised also helped, but the economic muscle and the
technological advancement were vital in stopping the spread of the
pandemic. These measures were reassuring (Quod issti et istae, cur non
ego?). Thus, elsewhere, particularly in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and
North Africa the virus spread like fire, but the quick response from
American leadership, WHO, other world leaders and organisations gave
hope to humanity. The spread of the virus was found to be through people´s
movements, mainly air traffic, thus leading to the border closures and
countries´ lockdowns. This phobophobia exacerbates the fear created by
closedowns. People who could not travel home were left in fear and helpless
in foreign locked down countries. Introduced measures of quarantining
people for two weeks created more fear. Curtailing movements affected the
people´s comfort zones and means of livelihood, thus creating more
uncertainty and fear. At individual level, fear, weakness, and uncertainty
are increased by the non-performing institutions.
Effect of Landscape Configuration on Bird Communities in Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Bulgaria
Authors: Dyulgerova Sylvia , Biserkov Valko
Published: February 2025

Changes of distribution and abundance of common birds associated with alterations in the composition and configuration of landscapes in Bulgaria are presented. They are measured by a set of metrics in a model area of abandoned agricultural lands in different stages of vegetation succession. Under such conditions, the edge effect proved to be а significant factor for the species composition. The established specific preferences of the farmland and forest specialists as well as the generalist species in four landscape classes (Open Landscapes, Shrubland, Open Forest and Forest) contribute to better understanding of the causes of changes in breeding population trends. These data allow predicting the impact on the habitat bird guilds when developing landscape management plans for protected areas or conservation measures for priority bird species. This approach can increase the effectiveness of the implementation of European agri-environmental measures.
First Record of the Exotic Terrestrial Snail Carychium minimum Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) in Chile
Authors: Collado А. Gonzalo , Castillo Viviana , Alonso Álvaro
Published: February 2025

The Herald Thorn Carychium minimum, a tiny terrestrial snail native to Europe, is documented for the first time in Chile. The species was discovered in 2012 in El Totoral, near the San Antonio port in the Valparaíso Region (Central Chile). The presence of both juvenile and adult individuals depicts this species as a naturalised exotic snail. Carychium minimum is the second species of the genus Carychium recorded in Chile, succeeding Carychium biondii.
Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band dan Pull Up terhadapKemampuan Renang Gaya Dada 50 Meter pada Atlet Renang KotaPrabumulih
Authors: Junior Muhammad Gito Rama , Mahendra Agung , Lestari Hikmah
Published: February 2025

Tujuan melakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band dan Pull Up Terhadap Kemampuan Renang Gaya Dada 50 Meter Pada Atlet Renang Kota Prabumulih. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian two-group pretest-posttest. Teknik pengambilan sample secara random yang diambil secara acak. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai uji t pretes dan posttest kelompok resistance band sebesar 4.608 > 2.16 dengan signifikasi 0,004  > 0,05, artinya terdapat  pengaruh yang signifikasi  dalam latihan resistance band terhadap kemampuan renang gaya dada 50 m. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa nilai uji t pretes dan posttest kelompok pull up sebesar 7.050 > 2.16  dengan signifikasi 0,000 > 0,05, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikasi  dalam latihan pull up terhadap kemampuan renang gaya dada 50 m. Terdapat perbedaan berdasarkan rata-rata posttest latihan resistance band sebesar 43.67 sedangkan latihan pull up 44.17.
Strategi Guru dalam Menumbuhkan Motivasi Belajar PAI di SMKMiftahul Ulum
Authors: Azmi Tasya Nabila Nur , Hadi Muhammad Nur , Muhammada Muhammada , Yusuf Wiwin Fachrudin
Published: February 2025

Motivation to learn is a must for every educator, amid moral degradation it is necessary to improve the quality of students, especially in PAI subjects. The large number of acts of youth violence, rape to narcotics problems need to be addressed so as not to damage the nation's generation, one of which can be done through increasing motivation to study religion. The purpose of this research is to develop a simple, systematic, meaningful Islamic religious education learning model that can be used by teachers as a good learning tool so that it can be used. The approach used in this research is qualitative. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, specifically to describe, explain and verify the phenomenon under study. Data collection techniques used to collect data are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Data reduction is sorting by selecting the main things, and focusing on the important things. Data representation is a structured set of information that provides a conclusion and who takes action. Concluding is an effort to draw conclusions continuously carried out by researchers in the field. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the motivation for Islamic religious education at SMK Miftahul Ulum Tanjung Arum Sukorejo has increased. We can see this when the method applied by the teacher in learning can make students enthusiastic about participating in learning. For students to be motivated, several things must be done, namely: explaining the objectives, and the benefits of learning, and choosing media, and learning materials that students need. Choose different presentations according to students' abilities and give students lots of opportunities to try and get involved.
La producció espacial de la seguretat: una aproximació a les experiències comunitàries del barri atenenc d'Exarchia
Authors: Muedra García Irene
Published: February 2025

Aquest treball explora les diferents formes de producció de l’espai i la seua relació amb les percepcions de seguretat i inseguretat al barri atenenc d’Exarchia emprant com a ferramenta analítica la proposta lefebvriana de producció de l’espai. Quins elements espacials, comunitaris o quotidians funcionen com a elements constructius de la percepció de seguretat, des d’on es produeixen els espais, i quines són les relacions i diferències entre els espais produïts des de l’hegemonia estatal i de mercat i aquells produïts des de la comunitat o organitzacions veïnals. En un context de creixent preocupació per la seguretat urbana i un augment de la complexitat de les formes de control social a partir de l'existència d'instruments cada vegada més refinats d'informació i control de la població, la investigació assenyala la necessitat d’enfortir la comunitat des de llocs no estigmatitzadors i socialment justos per tal de produir espais segurs. A la investigació s’ha identificat també una interessant dimensió, en bona part desatesa teòricament del concepte d’inseguretat, que més enllà de la violència física o atemptats a la propietat, es construeix de la mà del sentiment de despossessió.
Terrazas en altura como espacios de turismo experiencial: los casos de Madrid y Sevilla
Authors: Serrano Cambronero Mª Milagros , Babinger Frank , Sánchez Arcediano Sandra
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo analiza el fenómeno de las terrazas en altura en Madrid y Sevilla como espacios clave del turismo experiencial, integrando elementos culturales y sociales. Los objetivos principales son explorar el papel de estas terrazas en la transformación de los destinos urbanos, su impacto en las dinámicas turísticas y sociales, y las estrategias promocionales que las posicionan como atractivos diferenciadores.
El estudio combina un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando metodologías como inventarios de terrazas, observaciones de campo y análisis semántico de nubes de palabras de las páginas web de promoción de estos espacios. Se identifican 61 terrazas en Madrid y 29 en Sevilla, destacando una mayor diversidad Madrid frente a una concentración en el sector hotelero en Sevilla. En ambas ciudades, más del 80% de las terrazas se asocian a hoteles de alta categoría (4 y 5 estrellas), lo que refleja su orientación hacia un público de gama media-alta.
El análisis de las nubes de palabras revela diferencias en la promoción de estos espacios: en Sevilla, el enfoque se centra en el patrimonio histórico y cultural, mientras que Madrid prioriza el ocio y la gastronomía. Palabras como “vistas” y “experiencia” son comunes en ambas ciudades, reflejando su enfoque en proporcionar vivencias memorables y sensoriales.
El artículo concluye que las terrazas en altura no solo ofrecen experiencias únicas, sino que también contribuyen a reforzar la competitividad de los destinos. Su éxito radica en la integración de autenticidad, calidad y sostenibilidad, adaptándose a las características y demandas específicas de cada ciudad. Finalmente, se sugiere ampliar el análisis a otros destinos urbanos y considerar las percepciones directas de los usuarios como líneas futuras de investigación.
The Importance of Integrated Input Data for the Digitalized Model of Textile Workers’ Wellbeing
Authors: Tint Piia , Urbane Valentina , Traumann Ada , Pille Viive , Ievinš Janis
Published: February 2025

The research task of the paper is to compile the input data system for the artificial intelligence (AI) model to implement in the textile industry. The methods employed for the purpose are: 1) analysis of the scientific literature in this field over the world, including Estonia and Latvia; 2) analysis of models previously created by the authors of the current paper taking into account the climate conditions in the workplaces; 3) the assessment of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders; 4) the analysis of the opinion of the workers’ on the working conditions and their health complaints connected with work; 5) the measurements of working conditions at Latvian and Estonian textile workplaces. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the most common workplace health hazards among sewing, ironing and packing workers, which can be caused by repetitive work, static posture, monotonous work, etc. The key result is that the model for AI input data was compiled, which consists of 3 parts: 1) operating working environment factors influencing people, the influence of them on the organ systems, functional stages of occupational disorders, loss of work capacity; 2) computer software on textile workers; 3) possible preventive actions. The significance of the findings – a better work environment is organized for the textile workers with the AI model.
Pelaksanaan Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) oleh Iradat Konsultan sebagai Penyedia Jasa Layanan EAP dalam Menangani Permasalahan Pekerja
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia, Firdhayanti Kadek , Djoekardi Djoemeliarasanti ,   Departemen Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) merupakan suatu program yang di berikan oleh organisasi/perusahaan kepada pekerjanya, guna mengatasi permasalahan pekerja yang berdampak pada kinerja pekerja. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) yang dilakukan oleh Iradat Konsultan (IK) sebagai salah satu penyedia jasa layanan EAP di Indonesia. Sifat Penelitian ini penelitian daskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak lima orang, yang terdiri satu orang manajer EAP, satu orang koordinator EAP, dan tiga orang psikolog atau praktisi EAP. Seluruh proses penelitian dilakukan sejak September 2020 sampai dengan Juli 2021. Selama jangka waktu tersebut, pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara secara online menggunakan google meeting dan WhatsApp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IK sebagai salah satu penyedia jasa layanan EAP melaksanakan program EAP dengan baik. Dalam melaksanakan program EAP, IK memberikan layanan kepada pekerja yang memiliki permasalahan terkait dengan keluarga, pekerjaan, dan masalah yang bersumber dari dalam diri pekerja. Layanan EAP yang diberikan berupa konseling kepada klien dengan menerapkan model EAP komprehensif. Pelaksanaan program EAP di IK mampu menghasilkan layanan yang dapat membantu pekerja menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami pekerja, seperti meningkatnya stabilitas emosi dan meningkatnya performa pekerja. Namun demikian dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat kendala, seperti: masalah yang menyangkut administrasi, permasalahan klien yang terus berkembang dari waktu ke waktu, klien yang menutup diri, serta adanya kesalahan pandangan terhadap EAP.
fmo-4 promotes longevity and stress resistance via ER to mitochondria calcium regulation in C. elegans
Authors: Tuckowski Angela M , Beydoun Safa , Kitto Elizabeth S , Bhat Ajay , Howington Marshall B , Sridhar Aditya , Bhandari Mira , Chambers Kelly , Leiser Scott F
Published: February 2025

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are a conserved family of xenobiotic enzymes upregulated in multiple longevity interventions, including nematode and mouse models. Previous work supports that C. elegans fmo-2 promotes longevity, stress resistance, and healthspan by rewiring endogenous metabolism. However, there are five C. elegans FMOs and five mammalian FMOs, and it is not known whether promoting longevity and health benefits is a conserved role of this gene family. Here, we report that expression of C. elegans fmo-4 promotes lifespan extension and paraquat stress resistance downstream of both dietary restriction and inhibition of mTOR. We find that overexpression of fmo-4 in just the hypodermis is sufficient for these benefits, and that this expression significantly modifies the transcriptome. By analyzing changes in gene expression, we find that genes related to calcium signaling are significantly altered downstream of fmo-4 expression. Highlighting the importance of calcium homeostasis in this pathway, fmo-4 overexpressing animals are sensitive to thapsigargin, an ER stressor that inhibits calcium flux from the cytosol to the ER lumen. This calcium/fmo-4 interaction is solidified by data showing that modulating intracellular calcium with either small molecules or genetics can change expression of fmo-4 and/or interact with fmo-4 to affect lifespan and stress resistance. Further analysis supports a pathway where fmo-4 modulates calcium homeostasis downstream of activating transcription factor-6 (atf-6), whose knockdown induces and requires fmo-4 expression. Together, our data identify fmo-4 as a longevity-promoting gene whose actions interact with known longevity pathways and calcium homeostasis.
Пост-литий-ионные аккумуляторы
Authors: Kulova T.
Published: February 2025

В статье кратко описана конструкция литий-ионного аккумулятора и рассмотрены некоторые вопросы развития пост-литий-ионных аккумуляторов. Большое внимание уделено натрий-серным и литий-серным аккумуляторам, но основной акцент сделан на развитии твердотельных аккумуляторов, в которых и электроды, и электролит - твёрдые тела.
ГЛАВНОЕ -СФОРМИРОВАТЬ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СЕКТОР
Authors: Vaganov Andrey
Published: February 2025

Технологический суверенитет стал в России почти национальной идеей. В утверждённой Указом Президента РФ от 28 февраля 2024 года Стратегии научно-технологического развития Российской Федерации отмечается: “В современных внешних условиях научно-технологическое развитие предполагает формирование и реализацию собственной повестки, опирающейся на национальную технологическую базу и направленной на первостепенное обеспечение технологического суверенитета страны”. Новая индустриализация может и должна быть масштабнее, чем даже уже заявленные на государственном уровне решения. О механизмах достижения технологического суверенитета и роли академической науки в обеспечении этого суверенитета рассказывает доктор экономических наук, профессор Института экономики РАН Олег Сухарев.
Мировой энергетический рынок в рамках ресурсных циклов Дж. Форрестера
Authors: Tebekin Alexey
Published: February 2025

Актуальность представленного исследования обусловлена тем, что в основе текущего мирового глобального экономического кризиса лежат проблемы энергетического характера. Исследуются вероятные траектории преодоления текущего глобального мирового экономического кризиса энергетической природы, что и предопределило выбор темы исследования. Исследование ожидаемых тенденций развития мирового энергетического рынка в рамках ресурсных циклов Дж. Форрестера в период преодоления текущего мирового экономического кризиса в рамках технологического цикла Н. Кондратьева. Выявление тенденций развития мирового энергетического рынка с точки зрения технологий, экономики и экологии, а также отечественной энергетики.
Advances and Future Prospects in Microbial Repair of Concrete Cracks
Authors: Zhang Longjia
Published: February 2025

Concrete crack issues have always been the focus of attention in the field of civil engineering due to their direct impact on structural stability and durability. While some traditional repair methods are effective, they also possess numerous limitations. In contrast, microbial repair technology, apart from enhancing structural bearing capacity and durability, boasts environmental-friendly characteristics. This paper reviews recent research on microbial-based concrete crack repair, analyzing key aspects such as microbial species, repair mechanisms, methods, influencing factors, and characterization techniques. The aim is to provide new perspectives and ideas for future research.
Red Meat Finishing Strategies and Pasture Management for Drought Adaptation in Kajiado and Isiolo Counties, Kenya
Authors: Kidali John , Omondi Simon , Ogali Irene , Mungube Erick , Ndungu David
Published: February 2025

In Isiolo and Kajiado Counties, red meat offers an opportunity for increasing household food, nutrition and income security. Kenya Climate Smart Agricultural Productivity (KCSAP) groups were involved in different finishing management strategies to add value before marketing. Hence this activity focused on determining the economic practicability of the various management practices in order to identify and recommend the most appropriate opportunity.
The broad activity was to conduct economic analysis of finishing management strategies and pasture production as a business in the red meat value chain. The data ware collected from 451 households belonging to KCSAP groups, Community Interest Groups (CIGs) and Most Venerable Groups (VMGs) using semi structured questionnaire. 10 Focus group discussions (FGDs) of 120 participants (30 men and 90 women) within the groups, 18 key informant interviews (KIIs) with public and private sector actors.
Priority livestock production constraints in Kajiado were; diseases, pastures, while in Isiolo were; pastures, limited access to water and diseases. Priority livestock technology needs; pasture production technologies. water harvesting, drugs and vaccines.
Fenced plot Management strategies for finishing Sahiwal bulls, Zebu cattle, Sheep and Goats were profitable. Pasture in fenced plots and livestock being confined hence reduced long distances enabled weight gains with a higher market value of approximately KES 70,000. Open grazing management strategies for finishing Sahiwal bulls, male sheep and goats were not profitable, degradation of rangelands, spread of transboundary diseases and un-controlled invasive plant species. In Isiolo county, land is communally owned hence fenced grazing systems cannot be practiced. Nevertheless, finishing of Zebu cattle on hired ranches was practiced in Oldonyiro ward-but may not be sustainable since land privately owned in Laikipia county. Pasture production on a fenced plot as an input in red meat value chain and a business, fencing using locally available materials (acacia thorns), removing invasive plant species, has huge gross margins of KES 626,000 in a normal rainfall year.
Metformin Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report of Severe Lactic Acidosis
Authors: P.S Aalia , T.A Farisa , R Lakshmi , Upendran Binu , Thomas Punnose
Published: February 2025

Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antihyperglycemic medicine worldwide. Professional diabetes organizations recommend it as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Metformin is widely regarded as safe. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but serious adverse effect of metformin. Here, we are reporting a case of an elderly patient hospitalized with severe lactic acidosis presented with complaints of hypotension, decreased food intake, multiple episodes vomiting, dyspnoea, related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes with metformin. The patient was treated with emergency dialysis, vasopressor therapy and Inj Sodium bicarbonate.
Misaligned Pharmacy Incentives in Value-Based Care
Authors: Jain Nina , Rome Benjamin N. , Mendu Mallika L.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint explains some ways in which the alignment of incentives between payers and clinicians in value-based care (VBC) arrangements can be interrupted and proposes a multifaceted approach to realigning incentives for drug spending within VBC contracts to better provide value-based care and improve patient outcomes.
A Case of Gastric Thickening and a Large Ovarian Mass
Authors: Zheng-Lin Binbin , Kelemen Katalin , Rosenthal Allison
Published: June 2024

A 35-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism and Ehler-Danlos syndrome presents with fatigue, abdominal distension, and dyspnea. What is your diagnosis?
Geographic Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Mortality and Place of Death
Authors: Balanchivadze Nino , Blackford Amanda L. , Sedhom Ramy , Broman Kristy K. , Gupta Arjun , Hussaini S. M. Qasim
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates rural-urban disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates and place of death (eg, at home or medical facility) for patients with head and neck cancer.
Efficient and Photostable Organic Solar Cells Achieved by Alloyed Dimer Acceptors with Tailored Linker Structures
Authors: Lee Jin‐Woo , Sun Cheng , Jeon Hyesu , Nguyen Trieu Hoang‐Quan , Phan Tan Ngoc‐Lan , Bao Xichang , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: June 2024

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability are prerequisites for commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two dimer acceptors (DYTVT and DYTCVT) are developed with different properties through linker engineering, and study their effects as alloy‐like acceptors on the photovoltaic performance and photostability of OSCs. These ternary OSCs effectively combine the advantages of both dimer acceptors. DYTVT, characterized by its high backbone planarity, ensures elevated electron mobility and high glass‐transition temperature (Tg), leading to efficient charge transport and enhanced photostability of OSCs. Conversely, DYTCVT, with its significant dipole moment and electrostatic potential, enhances compatibility of the alloy acceptors with donors and refines the blend morphology, facilitating efficient charge generation in OSCs. Consequently, D18:DYTVT:DYTCVT OSCs exhibit higher PCE (18.4%) compared to D18:MYT (monomer acceptor, PCE = 16.5%), D18:DYTVT (PCE = 17.4%), and D18:DYTCVT (PCE = 17.0%) OSCs. Furthermore, owing to higher Tg of alloy acceptors (133 °C) than MYT (Tg = 80 °C) and DYTCVT (Tg = 120 °C), D18:DYTVT:DYTCVT OSCs have significantly higher photostability (t80% lifetime = 4250 h under 1‐sun illumination) compared to D18:MYT (t80% lifetime = 40 h) and D18:DYTCVT OSCs (t80% lifetime = 2910 h).
Multi‐Functional Ferroelectric Domain Wall Nanodevices for In‐Memory Computing and Light Sensing
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Li Zhenhai , Zhang Wendi , Zhu Jiyuan , Shen Bowen , Tang Haiyue , Chen Lin , Sun Jie , Jiang An Quan
Published: June 2024

In‐memory computing and sensing can break through the limit of the traditional Von Neumann architecture where information storing and computing units are separated. Recently the topographic creation of a ferroelectric domain wall in separation of two antiparallel domains in LiNbO3 single‐crystal films integrated with the Si substrate has been the focus of such research. Here, the additional freedom of the light stimulus is reported to modulate the domain wall current significantly, enabling applications in nonvolatile domain wall memory, photodetector, and image recognition processor. These measurements shows the fantastic photosensitivity of 2D domain walls where the photocurrent varies nonlinearly against the accumulative pulse number. With this observation, an associated learning model is constructed to stimulate neuromorphic computing (with a recognition accuracy of 90%) using an artificial neuromorphic network of domain walls. The research promotes the multifold development of artificial intelligence using domain‐wall nanodevices sensitive to both optical and electrical stimulus.
Microsolvating Competition in Li+ Solvation Structure Affording PC‐Based Electrolyte with Fast Kinetics for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Mingsheng , Zeng Ziqi , Wu Qiang , Ma Fenfen , Liu Qijun , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: June 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from energy loss and safety hazards under high‐rate conditions, because of the sluggish electrochemical kinetics and unstable interfacial passivation. Herein, a PC‐based electrolyte using weakly solvated solvent ethyl trifluoroacetate is developed to improve interfacial kinetics and stability in LIBs. A microsolvating competition is revealed in the bulk electrolyte, forming a loose Li+ coordination configuration with benign Li+ affinity and high ionic conductivity. Furthermore, an inorganic‐rich interphase is constructed on a graphite anode, affording smooth Li+ desolvation and reliable passivation. Consequently, the NCM622/graphite cell in PC‐based electrolyte shows improved cycling stability (82.2% after 200 cycles) and rate capability (83% at 4C compared to 0.1C) at a high‐voltage of 4.5 V, much better than those of EC‐based electrolyte (76.2% after 200 cycles and 74% at 4C). Additionally, the PC‐based electrolyte affords reversible operation at –40 °C while the EC‐based electrolyte fails at –40 °C. This work highlights the potential of solvation structure engineering for low‐energy‐barrier electrolyte.
Efficient Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanostructures Using Chloroform‐Mediated Heterogeneous Bonding
Authors: Noh Tae G. , Kim Jun H. , Kang Mijeong , Lee Taeho , Jeong Myung Y.
Published: June 2024

Plasmonic nanostructures (PNs) have transformed nanophotonics by offering control over electromagnetic waves. Although innovative structural designs have demonstrated PNs' potential, significant fabrication challenges, including the precise alignment of heterogeneous materials, remain. Using chloroform and pre‐UV exposure (PUVE) to enhance adhesion at the metal‐dielectric interface (MDI) addresses these challenges. PUVE preserves plasmon resonance in the MDI, ensuring high performance without compromising structural integrity. Through an annealing process, PUVE strengthens van der Waals bonds, ensuring chloroform molecules remain on the Ag surface during chloroform residue removal, allowing: i) stable preservation of the Ag thin film on the PNs during stripping; and ii) the formation of chloroform‐mediated heterogeneous bonding (CMHB) using energy supplied by UV‐nanoimprint lithography (UV‐NIL). This approach enables PNs' scalable fabrication with enhanced adhesion properties, while CMHB increases adhesion between the UV‐curable resin and Ag, offering scalability to large‐area applications with UV‐NIL. The structural morphology and chemical properties of the fabricated PNs are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These PNs demonstrate potential in CCD filters, enhancing optical signal amplification for real‐time imaging at the 785 nm band. This robust fabrication method advances PNs' performance and scalability, advancing nanophotonics and related applications.
Voltage Controlled Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy Effects in Perpendicular Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Surampalli Akash , Bera Anup Kumar , Chopdekar Rajesh Vilas , Kalitsov Alan , Wan Lei , Katine Jordan , Stewart Derek , Santos Tiffany , Prasad Bhagwati
Published: June 2024

Spintronic devices that utilize spin transfer torque are promising for integrated memory applications. However, these devices face substantial energy consumption challenges due to the high current densities required for switching. Conversely, voltage‐driven spintronic devices, using capacitive displacement charge, can realize switching operations that are energy‐efficient (≈1–10 fJ bit−1). This work investigates switching based on voltage control of the interlayer exchange coupling in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) multilayered heterostructures. Unlike previous works that utilized gating techniques that employ ionic transport mechanisms to control interlayer exchange coupling, this study employs electrostatic gating by using MgO, which is more compatible with modern spintronic‐based memories. These results suggest that the magnetization anisotropy, and the magnitude, and phase of the Ruderman‐Kittel‐Kasuya‐Yosida (RKKY) coupling function with spacer layer thickness can be controlled through electric gating, providing a promising avenue for the development of energy‐efficient magnetic data storage devices.
Sub 20 nm Upconversion Photosensitizers for Near‐Infrared Photodynamic Theranostics
Authors: Nsubuga Anne , Morice Korentin , Fayad Nour , Pini Federico , Josserand Véronique , Le Guével Xavier , Alhabi Abdallah , Henry Maxime , Puchán Sánchez Dario , Plassais Nathan , Josse Pierre , Boixel Julien , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: June 2024

Efficient type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires stable and biocompatible photosensitizers (PS) that present low dark cytotoxicity, are photo‐excitable in deep tissue regions, and can efficiently penetrate and kill cells via in situ singlet oxygen production. Here, heavy‐metal‐free organic PS are combined with near‐infrared (NIR)‐excitable small (<20 nm) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) into UCNP‐PS nanohybrids for accomplishing such advanced PDT conditions. UCNP‐to‐PS energy transfer efficiencies between 11% and 42% and 1O2 generation quantum yields between 74% and 86% resulted in efficient NIR‐sensitized PDT. HeLa cells incubated with UCNP‐PS can be efficiently destroyed via 808 nm laser irradiance at 140 mW cm−2 for 3 min (<30% cell viability) or 3.2 W cm−2 for 6 min (<10% cell viability). Theranostic functionality of UCNP‐PS is demonstrated via live cell in situ imaging of intracellular UCNP‐PS‐mediated 1O2 production, which resulted in cell death, most probably via apoptosis. Preliminary in vivo experiments are also performed and the consequences for a detailed in vivo study toward clinical translation are discussed. The combined PDT and deep‐tissue imaging properties of the nanomolecular PS present a large potential for future implementation into advanced in vivo photodynamic theranostics.
Small Additives Make Big Differences: A Review on Advanced Additives for High‐Performance Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Donggun , Hu Xin , Yu Baozhi , Chen Ying Ian
Published: June 2024

Solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries, represent a significant advancement in energy storage technology, offering higher energy densities and enhanced safety over traditional Li‐ion batteries. However, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) face critical challenges such as lower ionic conductivity, poor stability at the electrode–electrolyte interface, and dendrite formation, potentially leading to short circuits and battery failure. The introduction of additives into SSEs has emerged as a transformative approach to address these challenges. A small amount of additives, encompassing a range from inorganic and organic materials to nanostructures, effectively improve ionic conductivity, drawing it nearer to that of their liquid counterparts, and strengthen mechanical properties to prevent cracking of SSEs and maintain stable interfaces. Importantly, they also play a critical role in inhibiting the growth of dendritic Li, thereby enhancing the safety and extending the lifespan of the batteries. In this review, the wide variety of additives that have been investigated, is comprehensively explored, emphasizing how they can be effectively incorporated into SSEs. By dissecting the operational mechanisms of these additives, the review hopes to provide valuable insights that can help researchers in developing more effective SSEs, leading to the creation of more efficient and reliable solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Immunogenicity of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Xia Yutian , Zhang Jianzhong , Liu Gang , Wolfram Joy
Published: June 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising next‐generation therapeutics and drug delivery systems due to demonstrated safety and efficacy in preclinical models and early‐stage clinical trials. There is an urgent need to address the immunogenicity of EVs (beyond the apparent lack of immunotoxicity) to advance clinical development. To date, few studies have assessed unintended immunological recognition of EVs. An in‐depth understanding of EV‐induced immunogenicity and clearance is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including approaches to mitigate immunological recognition when undesired. This article summarizes various factors involved in the potential immunogenicity of EVs and strategies to reduce immunological recognition for improved therapeutic benefit.
Efficient and Stable Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Contact‐Resistance‐Tunable Indium Tin Oxide Interlayer
Authors: Jin Yongbin , Feng Huiping , Fang Zheng , Zhang Hong , Yang Liu , Chen Xuelin , Li Yingji , Deng Bingru , Zhong Yawen , Zeng Qinghua , Huang Jiarong , Weng Yalian , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Zhang Jinyan , Wei Zhanhua
Published: June 2024

The imperfect charge behavior at the interfaces of perovskite/electron‐transport layer (ETL)/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) limits the further performance improvement of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Herein, an indium tin oxide interlayer is deposited between ETL and TCO to address this issue. Specifically, the interlayer is prepared using an all‐physical and H2O‐free method, electron‐beam evaporation, which can avoid any potential damage to the underlying perovskite and ETL layers. Moreover, the interlayer's composition can be readily tuned by changing the evaporator component, enabling authors to regulate the contact resistance and energy‐level alignment of the ETL/TCO interface. Consequently, the resultant perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.8% (certified 30.3%). Moreover, the device retains 98% of its initial PCE after continuous operation under ambient conditions for 1078 h, representing one of the most stable and efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
Aggregation‐Augmented Magnetism of Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles and Enabling Magnetic Levitation‐Based Exosome Sensing
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Ren Wei , Sun Yuanyuan , Duan Xinrui , Liu Chenghui
Published: June 2024

Due to the presence of unpaired electron orbitals in most lanthanide ions, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) exhibit paramagnetism. However, as to biosensing applications, the magnetism of LnNPs is so weak that can hardly be employed in target separation. Herein, it is discovered that the magnetism of the LnNPs is highly associated with their concentration in a confined space, enabling aggregation‐augmented magnetism to make them susceptive to a conventional magnet. Accordingly, a magnetic levitation (Maglev) sensing system is designed, in which the target exosomes can specifically introduce paramagnetic LnNPs to the microbeads’ surface, allowing aggregation‐augmented magnetism and further leverage the microbeads’ levitation height in the Maglev device to indicate the target exosomes' content. It is demonstrated that this Maglev system can precisely distinguish healthy people's blood samples from those of breast cancer patients. This is the first work to report that LnNPs hold great promise in magnetic separation‐based biological sample sorting, and the LnNP‐permitted Maglev sensing system is proven to be promising for establishing a new generation of biosensing devices.
From Lab to Application: Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Fast Charging with Polyanionic Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Xueying , Li Shuqiang , Li Yu , Wu Feng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: June 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), recognized for balanced energy density and cost‐effectiveness, are positioned as a promising complement to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and a substitute for lead–acid batteries, particularly in low‐speed electric vehicles and large‐scale energy storage. Despite their extensive potential, concerns about range anxiety due to lower energy density underscore the importance of fast‐charging technologies, which drives the exploration of high‐rate electrode materials. Polyanionic cathode materials are emerging as promising candidates in this regard. However, their intrinsic limitation in electronic conductivity poses challenges for synchronized electron and ion transport, hindering their suitability for fast‐charging applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of sodium ion migration during charging/discharging, highlighting it as a critical rate‐limiting step for fast charging. By delving into intrinsic dynamics, key factors that constrain fast‐charging characteristics are identified and summarized. Innovative modification routes are then introduced, with a focus on shortening migration paths and increasing diffusion coefficients, providing detailed insights into feasible strategies. Moreover, the discussion extends beyond half cells to full cells, addressing challenges and opportunities in transitioning polyanionic materials from the laboratory to practical applications. This review aims to offer valuable insights into the development of high‐rate polyanionic cathodes, acknowledging their pivotal role in advancing fast‐charging SIBs.