bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Dynamic Algorithm for IT Outsourcing Risk Assessment Based on Transaction Cost Theory
Authors: Cong Guodong , Chen Tinggui
Published: January 2015

With the great risk exposed in IT outsourcing, how to assess IT outsourcing risk becomes a critical issue. However, most of approaches to date need to further adapt to the particular complexity of IT outsourcing risk for either falling short in subjective bias, inaccuracy, or efficiency. This paper proposes a dynamic algorithm of risk assessment. It initially forwards extended three layers (risk factors, risks, and risk consequences) of transferring mechanism based on transaction cost theory (TCT) as the framework of risk analysis, which bridges the interconnection of components in three layers with preset transferring probability and impact. Then, it establishes an equation group between risk factors and risk consequences, which assures the “attribution” more precisely to track the specific sources that lead to certain loss. Namely, in each phase of the outsourcing lifecycle, both the likelihood and the loss of each risk factor and those of each risk are acquired through solving equation group with real data of risk consequences collected. In this “reverse” way, risk assessment becomes a responsive and interactive process with real data instead of subjective estimation, which improves the accuracy and alleviates bias in risk assessment. The numerical case proves the effectiveness of the algorithm compared with the approach forwarded by other references.
Association between Genetic Variants on Chromosome 15q25 Locus and Several Nicotine Dependence Traits in Polish Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Buczkowski Krzysztof , Sieminska Alicja , Linkowska Katarzyna , Czachowski Slawomir , Przybylski Grzegorz , Jassem Ewa , Grzybowski Tomasz
Published: January 2015

Tobacco smoking continues to be a leading cause of disease and mortality. Recent research has confirmed the important role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene cluster on chromosome 15q 24-25 in nicotine dependence and smoking. In this study we tested the association of smoking initiation, age at onset of daily smoking, and heaviness of smoking with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster. The group of 389 adult subjects of European ancestry from the north of Poland, including 212 ever (140 current and 72 former) and 177 never smokers with mean age 49.26, was genotyped for rs16969868, rs1051730, rs588765, rs6495308, and rs578776 polymorphisms. Distributions of genotypes for rs16969868 and rs1051730 were identical so they were analyzed together. Further analysis revealed the association between rs16969868-1051730 (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.30–5.42) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) with heaviness of nicotine addiction measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.24–5.43). No association between these polymorphisms and other phenotypes was found. Similarly, the association between rs588765, rs6495308, rs578776, and analyzed phenotypes was not confirmed. This study provides strong evidence for the role of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster in heaviness of nicotine addiction.
Direct Repair without Augmentation of Patellar Tendon Avulsion following TKA
Authors: Mittal Ravi , Kumar Nishikant , Yadav Chandrashekhar , Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2015

Complications involving the extensor mechanism after TKA are potentially disastrous. We are reporting a case of patellar tendon rupture from tibial tuberosity following total knee arthroplasty. We managed it by direct repair with fiberwire using Krackow suture technique without augmentation. Our long term result has been very encouraging. Our method is a safe and better method of management of patellar tendon avulsion following TKA when it happens without any tissue loss.
Validity and Agreement between the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score Based on C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nielung Louise , Christensen Robin , Danneskiold-Samsøe Bente , Bliddal Henning , Holm Christian Cato , Ellegaard Karen , Slott Jensen Hanne , Bartels Else Marie
Published: January 2015

Objective. To validate the agreement between the 28-joint disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and the 28-joint disease activity score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) in a group of Danish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Data from 109 Danish RA patients initiating biologic treatment were analysed at baseline and following one year of treatment. Participants were retrospectively enrolled from a previous cohort study and were considered eligible for this project if CRP and ESR were measured at baseline and at the follow-up visit. To assess the extent of agreement between the two DAS28 definitions, the “European League Against Rheumatism” (EULAR) response criteria based on each definition were calculated with cross-classification. Weighted Kappa (κ) coefficients were calculated, and Bland-Altman plots were used to illustrate degree of agreement between DAS28 definitions. Results. The 75 eligible patients were classified as EULAR good, moderate, and nonresponders with good agreement (61/75; 81%) between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR (κ=0.75 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.88)). Conclusions. According to our findings, DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR are interchangeable when assessing RA patients and the two versions of DAS28 are comparable between studies.
Effect of Interface Layer Capacitance on Polydimethylsiloxane in Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Actuation
Authors: Sohail Shiraz , Das Soumen , Biswas Karabi
Published: January 2015

Electrowetting is an effective way to manipulate small volume of liquid in microfluidic applications. It has been sophisticatedly used in the fields of Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices, optics, biomedical applications, and electronic paper (e-paper). Generally, Young-Lippmann (Y-L) equation is used to relate the mechanical and electrical force involved in electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) based actuation. And the general trend is to neglect the effect of double layer capacitance formed at the metal-liquid interface considering the Debye-length to be in the order of nanometer. But, at electrode-electrolyte-insulator interface, the effect of interface layer capacitance becomes significant and often leads to the mismatch between the experimental observation and theoretical result. In this work, the surface behaviour of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for EWOD application is studied experimentally and a term “k” has been introduced in the Y-L equation to match the theoretical and experimental result. Effect of interface layer capacitance has been observed in contact angle versus applied voltage experiment with different pH buffer solution. The introduction of “k” term takes care of the interface layer capacitance which can not be neglected and plays a vital role when the applied electric potential is high.
Production and Multiplication of Native Compost Fungal Activator by Using Different Substrates and Its Influence on Growth and Development of Capsicum chinensis Jacq. “Bhut Jolokia”
Authors: Parkash Vipin , Saikia Ankur Jyoti
Published: January 2015

In vitro experiment was carried out to see the effect of saw dusts of Pinus kesiya, Shorea robusta, and Callicarpa arborea on Trichoderma harzianum, isolate TH-13 mass production, along with its biotization effect on Capsicum chinensis Jacq. “Bhut Jolokia.” Early mycelium initiation (2 days) occurred in S. robusta followed by P. kesiya and C. arborea (3.5 days). The sporulation was observed earlier in S. robusta (100% after 6 days) than P. kesiya (33.4% after 8 days) and C. arborea (16.7% after 9 days) but no sporulation was observed in control. The complete sporulation was also earlier in S. robusta (100% after 10 days) than P. kesiya (33.4% after 15 days) and C. arborea (16.4% after 18 days). Higher conidial yield 86×106 was also in S. robusta than P. kesiya 70×106 and C. arborea 45×106, respectively. The increase in height (60–70 cm), number of leaves (600–650), and yield of chili (120–150 fruits) were also more in inoculated C. chinensis seedlings than control. It is concluded that S. robusta saw dust is the best substrate for mass production of compost fungal activator and can be used in nursery practices for quality stock production of various crops/plantations.
Comparison of Postural Responses to Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation between Pilots and the General Populace
Authors: Yang Yang , Pu Fang , Lv Xiaoning , Li Shuyu , Li Jing , Li Deyu , Li Minggao , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2015

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be used to study the body’s response to vestibular stimuli. This study aimed to investigate whether postural responses to GVS were different between pilots and the general populace. Bilateral bipolar GVS was applied with a constant-current profile to 12 pilots and 12 control subjects via two electrodes placed over the mastoid processes. Both GVS threshold and the center of pressure’s trajectory (COP’s trajectory) were measured. Position variability of COP during spontaneous body sway and peak displacement of COP during GVS-induced body sway were calculated in the medial-lateral direction. Spontaneous body sway was slight for all subjects, and there was no significant difference in the value of COP position variability between the pilots and controls. Both the GVS threshold and magnitude of GVS-induced body deviation were similar for different GVS polarities. GVS thresholds were similar between the two groups, but the magnitude of GVS-induced body deviation in the controls was significantly larger than that in the pilots. The pilots showed less GVS-induced body deviation, meaning that pilots may have a stronger ability to suppress vestibular illusions.
Prevalence of Precancerous Conditions and Gastric Cancer Based upon the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea for 7 Years, Single Center Experience
Authors: Kang Ji Hyuk , Lim Yun Jeong , Kang Jung Hyun , Yang Jae Nam , Shin Seung Min , Choi Jae Hyeuk , Lee Jin Ho
Published: January 2015

Aims. Gastric cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Korea. The National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) has implemented esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) biennially for all Koreans starting in their 40s. This study was conducted to estimate the clinical relevance of NCSP through identifying the prevalence of gastric disease, including cancer.Materials and Methods. Data from 40,821 subjects who received the screening EGD in the single center for 7 years were retrospectively investigated.Results. The overall prevalence of nonatrophic/atrophic/metaplastic gastritis, peptic ulcer, adenoma, early gastric cancer (EGC), and advanced gastric cancer (AGC) was 44.28%, 27.97%, 14.95%, 0.59%, 0.43%, 0.21%, and 0.09%, respectively. The prevalence of metaplastic gastritis, peptic ulcer, adenoma, EGC, and AGC was significantly higher in men than in women. The prevalence of preneoplastic/neoplastic disease significantly increased with age. Judged from the ratio of EGC to AGC, the proportion of EGC made up to 70% of all cancers.Conclusions. Screening endoscopy starting for people in their 40s should be strongly recommended for the elderly. Through the NCSP, the early detection of gastric cancer might contribute to the decreased mortality rate due to gastric cancer in Korea.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Long-TermSoto ZenMeditation
Authors: Pasquini Henrique Adam , Tanaka Guaraci Ken , Basile Luis Fernando Hindi , Velasques Bruna , Lozano Mirna Delposo , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: January 2015

This study aimed to verify the electrophysiological correlates of the changes in long-term regular meditators. We use modern techniques of high-resolution electroencephalography applied to slow potentials, power spectra, and potencies related to the events. To obtain encephalographic records, we use an assembly of 128 channels in 31 subjects (17Soto ZenBuddhist meditators). The motivation of this study was to determine whether the induced beta power would present an increase in meditators as well as a decrease in induced theta/beta ratio in absolute and relative values. However, opposite to what we expected, no significant change was found in the beta frequency. In contrast, the main findings of the study were correlations between the frequency of weekly meditation practice and the increased theta induced relative power, increase of induced power ratio (ratio theta/beta), and increase of the ratio of induced relative powers (theta/beta ratio) during our task that featured an “adapted meditation,” suggesting that the meditative state of “mindfulness” is much more related to the permittivity of “distractions” by the meditators, with a deliberate reduction of attention.
An Efficiency Multiplexing Scheme and Improved Sampling Method for Multichannel Data Acquisition System
Authors: Chu Chengqun , Ren Yongfeng , Liu Xin , Zheng Yongqiu , Fang Wei
Published: January 2015

The paper proposes an efficient multiplexing scheme that is easy to realize synchronous sampling in a multichannel acquisition system with the large number of analogue inputs and different sampling rates. And then, a simple improved sampling control method is also employed to improve the performance. All the technology of implementing the method is by using a low-cost field programmable gate array (FPGA). A sampling lookup table is built by the rule-based synchronous sampling frame structure for the input analogue multiplexers and stored into the internal block RAM resource in the FPGA to reduce the internal wiring resources and optimize the utilization. The improved sampling method obtains several samples in a sampling period and gets the average value as the final output for the sampling channel. In addition, the standard sine wave FFT test method is implemented to test the dynamic parameters of the acquisition channels. The experiment results show that the dynamic performance of the acquisition system is significantly improved. The proposed multiplexing scheme and sampling method can easily be reconfigured for other applications.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Cirrhosis: Surgical Resection versus Transarterial Chemoembolization—A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kapitanov Teodor , Neumann Ulf P. , Schmeding Maximilian
Published: January 2015

We compare the value of TACE to liver resection for patients with BCLC stage A and B HCC. For patients with HCC in cirrhosis LT is the treatment of choice. TACE represents the current standard for unresectable BCLC stage B patients not eligible for LT. Recently liver resection for HCC and significant cirrhosis has become increasingly popular. A systematic search of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted to identify studies, reporting short- and long-term results of hepatic resection versus TACE for HCC treatment. The data were analyzed regarding the odds for 30-day mortality and hazard ratio for overall-survival. 12 studies comparing short- and long-term outcome of HR versus TACE for HCC were identified. Peri-interventional mortality and overall survival were investigated. Peri-interventional mortality was higher for surgical resection (n.s.), and overall-survival was significantly better for surgically treated patients at one year (P=0.002) and 3 years (P≤0.00001). The hazard ratio of overall-survival for all twelve studies was 0.70 (P=0.0001) and significantly in favor of surgical treatment. Although large RCTs are missing and the available data are limited and not homogeneous a reappraisal of the current treatment guidelines should be considered based on the superior long-term outcome for surgically treated patients.
Evaluation of Electromagnetic Interference and Exposure Assessment from s-Health Solutions Based on Wi-Fi Devices
Authors: de Miguel-Bilbao Silvia , Aguirre Erik , Lopez Iturri Peio , Azpilicueta Leire , Roldán José , Falcone Francisco , Ramos Victoria
Published: January 2015

In the last decade the number of wireless devices operating at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz has increased in several settings, such as healthcare, occupational, and household. In this work, the emissions from Wi-Fi transceivers applicable to context aware scenarios are analyzed in terms of potential interference and assessment on exposure guideline compliance. Near field measurement results as well as deterministic simulation results on realistic indoor environments are presented, providing insight on the interaction between the Wi-Fi transceiver and implantable/body area network devices as well as other transceivers operating within an indoor environment, exhibiting topological and morphological complexity. By following approaches (near field estimation/deterministic estimation), colocated body situations as well as large indoor emissions can be determined. The results show in general compliance with exposure levels and the impact of overall network deployment, which can be optimized in order to reduce overall interference levels while maximizing system performance.
Deep Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by an Extraneural Ganglion Cyst: A Rare Case
Authors: Nikolopoulos Dimitrios , Safos George , Sergides Neoptolemos , Safos Petros
Published: January 2015

Lower extremities peripheral neuropathies caused by ganglion cysts are rare. The most frequent location of occurrence is the common peroneal nerve and its branches, at the level of the fibular neck. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient admitted with foot drop, due to an extraneural ganglion of the upper tibiofibular syndesmosis, compressing the deep branch of the peroneal nerve. Although there have been many previous reports of intraneural ganglion involvement with the lower limb nerves, to our knowledge, this is the second reported occurrence of an extraneural ganglion distinctly localized to the upper tibiofibular syndesmosis and palsying deep peroneal nerve. The diagnosis was made preoperatively using MRI. The common peroneal nerve and its branches were recognized and traced to its bifurcation during the operation, and the ganglion cyst was removed. Two months after surgery, the patient was pain-free and asymptomatic except for cutaneous anesthesia in the distribution of the deep peroneal nerve.
The Apotheosis of Rage
Authors: Lemos T. M.
Published: January 2015

Recent psychological research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated that one of the most common symptoms of the disorder is heightened or even uncontrollable anger. In the past decade, various works in biblical studies have assessed the effects of trauma on the ancient Israelites and on the texts of the Hebrew Bible, but these have not fully explored either the connection between anger and PTSD or that between anger in the Hebrew Bible and Israelite trauma. This article seeks to demonstrate the close relationship between trauma and rage, and argues that biblical authors often locate their own traumatized rage in the figure of Yahweh. The emotional response of Yahweh toward the Israelites is frequently presented as one of rage, blame, and contempt – a trio of socially distancing emotions. This depiction of Yahweh results in a “theology of distance” wherein Yahweh’s furious emotionality negates the sympathy of audiences toward the traumatized Israelites.
Scepticism and Naturalism in Cavell and Hume
Authors: Fosl Peter S.
Published: January 2015

This essay argues that the exploration of scepticism and its implications in the work of Stanley Cavell and David Hume bears more similarities than is commonly acknowledged, especially along the lines of what I wish to call “sceptical naturalism.” These lines of similarity are described through the way each philosopher relates the “natural” and “nature” to the universal, the necessary, and the conventional.
Revisit the taxonomy of Ficus krishnae (Moraceae)
Authors: Tiwari Rinkey , Sudhakar Jana Venkata , Chaudhary Lal Babu , Murthy Garimella Venkata Suryanarayana , Durgapal Anjala
Published: January 2015

Ficus krishnae considered as native to India is very unique among all species in the genus as it has peculiar leaves generally with cone-shaped structure at base and leaflet like appendages on the petiole. These both features are tremendously variable within the species. The taxonomic status of F. krishnae is still uncertain as sometimes it is treated as subspecies or conspecific to its closest relative F. benghalensis. Many mythological stories regarding the formation of cup in the leaves are also associated in India and hence the plants of the species are considered sacred and worshiped. The merger of F. krishnae with F. benghalensis makes the latter quite heterogeneous and at the same time it may not be acceptable in the society at large as with the former the religious faith of the people is attached. Earlier it was believed that F. krishnae differs from F. benghalensis only in cup-shaped leaves. But critical examination of large number of specimens gathered from different places and available information reveal that F. krishnae distinctly differs from F. benghalensis not only in cup formation in leaves, rather also in height of the plants, aerial roots, stipules, petiole and its leafy appendages and ostiolar bracts of the receptacle, in addition to differences in chromosome, DNA contents, stomatal and parenchymatous cells and nodal anatomy. Based on morphological, anatomical and cytological evidences F. krishnae is again reinstated here as a correct species. The correct citation of the species has been provided and discussion has been made on the variation pattern of the leaves. The detail description of the species along with line drawing illustrations and colour photographs has been added.
The genus Paraplotes Laboissière, 1933 in Taiwan, a speciose group with brachelytrous females (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG
Published: January 2015

Taiwanese members of the genus Paraplotes comprise a group of species that are not distinguishable based on external morphology but are diagnosed using distributions, aedeagal, and gonocoxal morphologies. Females of all species are brachelytrous. The group includes one previously described species, Paraplotes taiwana Chûjô, 1963, and nine new species, P. cheni sp. nov., P. jengi sp. nov., P. meihuai sp. nov., P. tahsiangi sp. nov., P. tatakaensis sp. nov., P. tsoui sp. nov., P. tsuenensis sp. nov., P. yaoi sp. nov., and P. yuae sp. nov. Diagnostic characters and hind wings of both sexes are illustrated. Models of speciation for the high diversity of Paraplotes in Taiwan are discussed. A novel hypothesis for brachelytrous leaf beetles occurring in tropical forest habitats (selva) is proposed.
Platelet-rich plasma injection is more effective than hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Holguin Esteban
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

To determine and compare the effects of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

Methods:

This prospective study included 150 patients affected by severe osteoarthritis of the knee. Gonarthrosis was graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence and Albhack radiographic classification scale. 150 patients were randomized into 2 study groups .In the PRP group (n=55) three intraarticular injection were applied andthe control group (n=55) received 3 intra-articular injections of high molecular weight HA. An unblinded physician performed infiltration once a week for 3 weeks into the knee affected by clinically relevant gonarthrosis (in both groups). All patients were evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) score and visual pain scale before the infiltration and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first injection.

Results:

No severe adverse events was observed. Statistically significant better results in the WOMAC score and visual pain scale was determined in PRP group than HA group at 3 months and 6 months follow up. The cost of the application for the PRP group was lower than that of the HA group.At 12 months' of follow-up, PRP and HA treatments offered similar results.

Conclusion:

The results of this study have shown the application of autologousPRP to be a safe, effective and low-cost method for treating OA tan HA. However, further studies are required for a more clear result
Contraception and Abortion: Fruits of the Same Rotten Tree?
Authors: Newton William
Published: January 2015

This article seeks to show how contraception, when generally accepted in a society, helps to bring about a radical change in social perceptions of sexual intercourse, human life, the human person, science, and morality in general. On account of this, contraception helps to ingrain abortion and other anti-life practices into the culture that accepts it and, therefore, in no sense can be considered as a panacea for abortion. Particular attention is given to the thought of John Paul II on this matter who noted that “despite their differences of nature and moral gravity, contraception and abortion are often closely connected, as fruits of the same tree” ( Evangelium vitae, n. 13).

Lay summary

The article considers the connection between contraception and abortion and defends Pope John Paul II's claim that “despite their differences of nature and moral gravity, contraception and abortion are often closely connected, as fruits of the same tree.” The thesis is that contraception is a “game-changer” in the sense that it changes the way we think about some very fundamental realities such as attitudes to sex, to life, to science, to the human person, and to morality. Any one of these changes would have a significant impact on a society in terms of promoting a culture of death: together they are devastating.
Removal of emerging organic contaminants from aqueous systems: adsorption and location of methyl-tertiary-butylether on synthetic ferrierite
Authors: Martucci A. , Leardini L. , Nassi M. , Sarti E. , Bagatin R. , Pasti L.
Published: January 2015

This study reports on experimental results concerning methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE, C5H12O) adsorption from water into the pores of siliceous zeolite ferrierite (FER) by combining powder X-ray diffraction analyses and chromatography techniques. Rietveld structure refinement (Immm space group) highlighted the presence of two crystallographically independent MTBE sites located in the 10-ring channel parallel to the [001] direction (MTBE1) and in the ferrierite cage (MTBE2), respectively. On the whole, Rietveld refinement revealed clearly the incorporation of ~1.8 MTBE molecules per unit cell, in very good agreement with the weight loss given by thermogravimetric analyses, and saturation capacity as determined by adsorption isotherms. Rapid kinetics combined with good adsorption suggests that FER can be used beneficially as an adsorbent medium in removing this emerging organic contaminant from water.
Syntheses and characterization of zeolites K-F and W type using a diatomite precursor
Authors: Novembre D. , Pace C. , Gimeno D.
Published: January 2015

Zeolites K-F and W (EDI and MER types) were synthesized hydrothermally using a natural rock as raw material. Chemical treatments were carried out on a diatomitic rock (containing opaline silica) from Crotone (Calabria, Italy) in order to separate/obtain potassium silicate, a reagent necessary for synthesizing zeolites. Synthesis experiments were performed by mixing the obtained siliceous solution with potassium hydroxide and alumina in varying proportions at 150°C and room pressure. Four synthesis series were performed to form zeolite K-F (EDI) and zeolite W (MER).

The chemical-physical and morphological characterization of the zeolite phases were carried out. Cell parameters were calculated using the Rietveld method. Infrared, thermal and nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si) experiments confirmed the high quality of the zeolite products. The amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.
Investigations of the Fe sulfosalts berthierite, garavellite, arsenopyrite and gudmundite by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kharbish S. , P. Andráš
Published: January 2015

Arsenopyrite (FeAsS), gudmundite (FeSbS) and the rarer Fe sulfosalts berthierite (FeSb2S4) and garavellite (FeSbBiS4), were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Whereas (Sb,Bi)S3 pyramids are responsible for the Raman spectra of berthierite and garavellite, the spectra of gudmundite and arsenopyrite arise from the stretching and bending modes of (Sb,As)S units. Internal vibrations for berthierite and garavellite occur between 400 and 50 cm–1, and those of the gudmundite and arsenopyrite between 500 and 100 cm–1. The longer bond distances of the SbS3 groups readily explain the lower frequencies for berthierite in comparison with garavellite. Similarly, the greater mass and the longer bond distances of the Sb–S units also explain the lower frequencies observed for gudmundite relative to arsenopyrite.
A multi-disciplinarily designed mesocosm to address the complex flow-sediment-ecology tripartite relationship on the microscale
Authors: Schmidt Holger , Thom Moritz , Matthies Kerstin , Behrens Sebastian , Obst Ursula , Wieprecht Silke , Gerbersdorf Sabine Ulrike
Published: January 2015

Background

The stabilization of fine sediments via biofilms (‘biostabilization’) has various economic and ecological implications but is presently unaddressed within lotic waters. To investigate natural biofilm growth and functionality in freshwater sediments under controlled boundary conditions, a unique mesocosm was constructed that combines established know-how from engineering and natural sciences and consists of six straight flumes. To test the comparability of biofilm growth within one flume and between the flumes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial biomass and microbial community composition were closely monitored over time and space as well as in relation to biofilm adhesiveness (proxy for biostabilization).

Results

Most importantly, biofilm development and biostabilization capacity revealed no significant differences within flume regions or between the flumes and the biofilms significantly stabilized the substratum as compared to abiotic controls. However, interesting temporal successions in biofilm growth phases became visible in shifting abundance and diversity of bacteria and microalgae resulting in varying EPS secretion and biostabilization.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrated the importance of biostabilization for fine sediment dynamics in freshwaters. Secondly, this unique setup allows comparable biofilm growth under controlled environmental conditions, an important requisite for future research on the ecological significance and impact of biostabilization for ecosystem functioning at varying environmental scenarios.
Population genetics of the fiddler crab Uca sindensis (Alcock, 1900) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from the Arabian Sea
Authors: Shih Hsi-Te , Saher Noor Us , Kamrani Ehsan , Ng Peter KL , Lai Yu-Ching , Liu Min-Yun
Published: January 2015

Background

The fiddler crab Uca sindensis (Alcock, 1900) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) is distributed in the northern coasts of the Arabian Sea (Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait). Its typical habitat is on high intertidal areas with higher salinity, which might restrict its distribution, especially within the Persian Gulf. The purpose of the present phylogeographic study is to understand whether the Strait of Hormuz acts as a barrier to the gene flow of this species.

Results

The genetic analyses of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and control region (CR) of specimens from various localities showed that there was no genetic differentiation between the populations inside and outside of the Persian Gulf.

Conclusions

We conclude that the narrow Strait of Hormuz does not form a barrier for the larval dispersal in this species. Its restricted distribution in the northern Arabian Sea may instead be associated with its preference for higher salinity sediments present in the coasts of this region.
Randomized Phase II Study of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With Either Linifanib or Placebo for Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Shtivelband Mikhail , Soo Ross A. , Barrios Carlos H. , Makhson Anatoly , Segalla José G.M. , Pittman Kenneth B. , Kolman Petr , Pereira Jose R. , Srkalovic Gordan , Belani Chandra P. , Axelrod Rita , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Qin Qin , Qian Jiang , McKeegan Evelyn M. , Devanarayan Viswanath , McKee Mark D. , Ricker Justin L. , Carlson Dawn M. , Gorbunova Vera A.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Linifanib, a potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, has single-agent activity in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated linifanib with carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line therapy of advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

Patients and Methods

Patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3-week cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) with daily placebo (arm A), linifanib 7.5 mg (arm B), or linifanib 12.5 mg (arm C). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary efficacy end points included overall survival (OS) and objective response rate.

Results

One hundred thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned (median age, 61 years; 57% men; 84% smokers). Median PFS times were 5.4 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.7 months) in arm A (n = 47), 8.3 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 10.8 months) in arm B (n = 44), and 7.3 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 10.8 months) in arm C (n = 47). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS were 0.51 for arm B versus A (P = .022) and 0.64 for arm C versus A (P = .118). Median OS times were 11.3, 11.4, and 13.0 months in arms A, B, and C, respectively. HRs for OS were 1.08 for arm B versus A (P = .779) and 0.88 for arm C versus A (P = .650). Both linifanib doses were associated with increased toxicity, including a higher incidence of adverse events known to be associated with VEGF/PDGF inhibition. Baseline plasma carcinoembryonic antigen/cytokeratin 19 fragments biomarker signature was associated with PFS improvement and a trend toward OS improvement with linifanib 12.5 mg.

Conclusion

Addition of linifanib to chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (arm B), with a modest trend for survival benefit (arm C) and increased toxicity reflective of known VEGF/PDGF inhibitory effects.
Genetic Diagnosis of High-Penetrance Susceptibility for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Is Achievable for a High Proportion of Familial CRC by Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chubb Daniel , Broderick Peter , Frampton Matthew , Kinnersley Ben , Sherborne Amy , Penegar Steven , Lloyd Amy , Ma Yussanne P. , Dobbins Sara E. , Houlston Richard S.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Knowledge of the contribution of high-penetrance susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC) is relevant to the counseling, treatment, and surveillance of CRC patients and families.

Patients and Methods

To quantify the impact of germline mutation to familial CRC, we sequenced the mismatch repair genes (MMR) APC, MUTYH, and SMAD4/BMPR1A in 626 early-onset familial CRC cases ascertained through a population-based United Kingdom national registry. In addition, we evaluated the contribution of mutations in the exonuclease domain (exodom) of POLE and POLD1 genes that have recently been reported to confer CRC risk.

Results

Overall mutations (pathogenic, likely pathogenic) in MMR genes make the highest contribution to familial CRC (10.9%). Mutations in the other established CRC genes account for 3.3% of cases. POLE/POLD1 exodom mutations were identified in three patients with family histories consistent with dominant transmission of CRC. Collectively, mutations in the known genes account for 14.2% of familial CRC (89 of 626 cases; 95% CI = 11.5, 17.2).

Conclusion

A genetic diagnosis is feasible in a high proportion of familial CRC. Mainstreaming such analysis in clinical practice should enable the medical management of patients and their families to be optimized. Findings suggest CRC screening of POLE and POLD1 mutation carriers should be comparable to that afforded to those at risk of HNPCC. Although the risk of CRC associated with unexplained familial CRC is in general moderate, in some families the risk is substantive and likely to be the consequence of unidentified genes, as exemplified by POLE and POLD1. Our findings have utility in the design of genetic analyses to identify such novel CRC risk genes.
Health-Related Quality of Life After Colorectal Cancer in England: A Patient-Reported Outcomes Study of Individuals 12 to 36 Months After Diagnosis
Authors: Downing Amy , Morris Eva J.A. , Richards Mike , Corner Jessica , Wright Penny , Sebag-Montefiore David , Finan Paul , Kind Paul , Wood Charlotte , Lawton Sarah , Feltbower Richard , Wagland Richard , Vernon Sally , Thomas James , Glaser Adam W.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

This population-level study was conducted to define the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of individuals living with and beyond colorectal cancer (CRC) and to identify factors associated with poor health outcomes.

Patients and Methods

All individuals diagnosed with CRC in England in 2010 and 2011 who were alive 12 to 36 months after diagnosis were sent a questionnaire. This included questions related to treatment, disease status, other long-term conditions (LTCs), generic HRQL (EuroQol-5D), and cancer-specific outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and Social Difficulties Inventory items).

Results

The response rate was 63.3% (21,802 of 34,467 patients). One or more generic health problems were reported by 65% of respondents, with 10% of patients reporting problems in all five domains. The reporting of problems was higher than in the general population and was most marked in those age less than 55 years. Certain subgroups reported a higher number of problems, notably those with one or more other LTCs, those with active or recurrent disease, those with a stoma, and those at the extremes of the age range (< 55 and > 85 years). Of respondents without a stoma, 16.3% reported no bowel control. Reversal of a stoma resulted in fewer severe bowel problems but more moderate problems than those who had never had a stoma. A quarter of rectal cancer respondents (25.1%) reported difficulties with sexual matters (compared with 11.2% of colon cancer respondents).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the success of a national patient-reported outcomes survey. The results have the potential to support system-wide improvement in health outcomes through the identification of particular challenges faced by individuals after treatment for CRC.
Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease Was an Early Response Marker and a Consistent Independent Predictor of Survival After Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy
Authors: Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Kuk Deborah , Cheung Irene Y.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Immunotherapy is a standard of care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize patient therapies.

Patients and Methods

After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary refractory disease (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), children with stage 4 neuroblastoma received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM MRD before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel (B4GALNT1, PHOX2B, CCND1, and ISL1) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and MRD markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index.

Results

When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and OS. The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and OS. When the model for OS also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704.

Conclusion

BM MRD after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.
Phase III Trial to Compare Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Capecitabine and Cisplatin Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Final Report of the Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors Trial, Including Survival and Subset Analyses
Authors: Park Se Hoon , Sohn Tae Sung , Lee Jeeyun , Lim Do Hoon , Hong Min Eui , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Sohn Insuk , Jung Sin Ho , Choi Min Gew , Lee Jun Ho , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Kim Seung Tae , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors (ARTIST) trial tested whether the addition of radiotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with D2-resected gastric cancer (GC).

Patients and Methods

Between November 2004 and April 2008, 458 patients with GC who received gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were randomly assigned to either six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) or to two cycles of XP followed by chemoradiotherapy and then two additional cycles of XP (XPRT). This final update contains the first publication of overall survival (OS), together with updated DFS and subset analyses.

Results

With 7 years of follow-up, DFS remained similar between treatment arms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.740; 95% CI, 0.520 to 1.050; P = .0922). OS also was similar (HR, 1.130; 95% CI, 0.775 to 1.647; P = .5272). The effect of the addition of radiotherapy on DFS and OS differed by Lauren classification (interaction P = .04 for DFS; interaction P = .03 for OS) and lymph node ratio (interaction P < .01 for DFS; interaction P < .01 for OS). Subgroup analyses also showed that chemoradiotherapy significantly improved DFS in patients with node-positive disease and with intestinal-type GC. There was a similar trend for DFS and OS by stage of disease.

Conclusion

In D2-resected GC, both adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are tolerated and equally beneficial in preventing relapse. Because results suggest a significant DFS effect of chemoradiotherapy in subsets of patients, the ARTIST 2 trial evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with node-positive, D2-resected GC is under way.
Monetary Policy and Real Borrowing Costs at the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Gilchrist Simon , López-Salido David , Zakrajšek Egon
Published: January 2015

This paper compares the effects of conventional monetary policy on real borrowing costs with those of the unconventional measures employed after the target federal funds rate hit the zero lower bound (ZLB). For the ZLB period, we identify two policy surprises: changes in the two-year Treasury yield around policy announcements and changes in the ten-year Treasury yield that are orthogonal to those in the two-year yield. The efficacy of unconventional policy in lowering real borrowing costs is comparable to that of conventional policy, in that it implies a complete pass-through of policy-induced movements in Treasury yields to comparable-maturity private yields. (JEL E31, E43, E44, E52)
Application of ARID1A to murine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue using immunohistochemistry
Authors: Howat Will , Miller Jodi , Gounaris Ioannis
Published: January 2015

ARID1A is a known suppressor of tumour formation and the Human Protein Atlas antibody HPA005456 has been demonstrated in previous literature to stain tumour tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human tissue and human cell lines. This article details the validation of this antibody for immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded murine tissue using a Leica BondMax immunostainer. Using Western blot and IHC on murine wild-type and knockout tissue we have demonstrated that this antibody to ARID1A correctly stains murine tissue by immunohistochemistry.
A Dynamic Model of Rational Addiction: Evaluating Cigarette Taxes
Authors: Gordon Brett R. , Sun Baohong
Published: January 2015

Addiction creates an intertemporal link between a consumer’s past and present decisions, altering their responsiveness to price changes relative to nonaddictive products. We construct a dynamic model of rational addiction and endogenous consumption to investigate how consumers respond to policy interventions that aim to reduce purchases of cigarettes. We find that, on average, the category elasticity is about 35% higher when the model correctly accounts for addiction. However, some policies spur substitution from more expensive single packs to less expensive cartons of cigarettes, resulting in higher overall consumption for some consumers.
Repolitiser la cité grecque, trente ans aprés
Authors: Azoulay Vincent
Published: January 2015

Trente ans après l’article de Nicole Loraux paru dansL’Hommeen 1986, cette étude entend revenir sur l’expérience politique dans le monde grec ancien. L’objectif est de montrer qu’il est nécessaire d’articuler les deux définitions du terme politique inventé par les Grecs : d’une part,lepolitique compris comme un ensemble d’activités sans substance ni incarnation institutionnelle spécifique, un champ d’actions qui ne s’identifie pas dans les formes de l’État moderne, mais dans des expériences et des pratiques très variées, en contexte conflictuel, et, d’autre part,lapolitique, entendue non pas seulement comme l’accès réglé à différentes institutions, mais aussi comme auto-institution de la communauté par ellemême. À travers l’étude d’un cas précis, la crise de 404 à Athènes et, en particulier, le discours de Cléocritos transmis par lesHelléniquesde Xénophon, l’article propose une nouvelle manière de penser ces deux niveaux d’expression de la vie collective. Loin de la lecture réconciliatrice qu’en avait proposée N. Loraux, l’appel à la concorde de Cléocritos témoigne, dans l’effervescence et la tension des événements, de l’oubli delapolitique, au sens institutionnel du terme, au profit exclusifdupolitique et des pratiques collectives qui y sont associées. Pour finir, cette étude de cas débouche sur une interrogation plus générale sur le sens de l’événement et sa portée épistémologique. En proposant de penser la crise de 404 au sein des différents régimes d’historicité qui ont caractérisé l’histoire d’Athènes entre le Ve et le IVe siècle, l’article vise à mieux réarticuler les moments instituants et le I I fonctionnement institué de la démocratie grecque.
Le simple corps de la cité
Authors: Ismard Paulin
Published: January 2015

L’esclavage public était une institution commune à la majorité des cités grecques de l’époque classique et hellénistique. Qu’ils travaillent sur les grands chantiers de la cité, constituent les « petites mains » de son administration civique ou composent l’essentiel de ses forces armées permanentes (les célèbres archers scythes athéniens), les esclaves publics furent d’une certaine façon les premiers fonctionnaires du monde des cités. En ce sens, leur étude offre un éclairage inédit de la controverse portant sur la nature plus ou moins étatique de lapolisgrecque. La démocratie, du moins telle que la concevait les Athéniens de l’époque classique, impliquait en effet que l’ensemble des prérogatives politiques soit entre les mains des citoyens et non dans un quelconque appareil d’État. La décision de reléguer à des esclaves les tâches relevant de l’administration civique peut dès lors être appréhendée, selon les termes de l’anthropologie de Pierre Clastres, comme une « résistance » de la société civique à l’émergence d’un véritable appareil d’État.