bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of eating with an augmented fork with vibrotactile feedback on eating rate and body weight: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hermsen Sander , Mars Monica , Higgs Suzanne , Frost Jeana H. , Hermans Roel C. J.
Published: October 2019

Background

Eating rate is a basic determinant of appetite regulation: people who eat more slowly feel sated earlier and eat less. A high eating rate contributes to overeating and potentially to weight gain. Previous studies showed that an augmented fork that delivers real-time feedback on eating rate is a potentially effective intervention to decrease eating rate in naturalistic settings. This study assessed the impact of using the augmented fork during a 15-week period on eating rate and body weight.

Methods

In a parallel randomized controlled trial, 141 participants with overweight (age: 49.2 ± 12.3 y; BMI: 31.5 ± 4.48 kg/m2) were randomized to intervention groups (VFC, n = 51 or VFC+, n = 44) or control group (NFC, n = 46). First, we measured bite rate and success ratio on five consecutive days with the augmented fork without feedback (T1). The intervention groups (VFC, VFC+) then used the same fork, but now received vibrotactile feedback when they ate more than one bite per 10 s. Participants in VFC+ had additional access to a web portal with visual feedback. In the control group (NFC), participants ate with the fork without either feedback. The intervention period lasted four weeks, followed by a week of measurements only (T2) and another measurement week after eight weeks (T3). Body weight was assessed at T1, T2, and T3.

Results

Participants in VFC and VFC+ had a lower bite rate (p < .01) and higher success ratio (p < .0001) than those in NFC at T2. This effect persisted at T3. In both intervention groups participants lost more weight than those in the control group at T2 (p < .02), with no rebound at T3.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that an augmented fork with vibrotactile feedback is a viable tool to reduce eating rate in naturalistic settings. Further investigation may confirm that the augmented fork could support long-term weight loss strategies.

Trial registration

The research reported in this manuscript was registered on 4 November 2015 in the Netherlands Trial Register with number NL5432 (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5432).
The natural course of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in a Chinese cohort: protocol of a multi-center registration study in CIAP
Authors: Liu Haixiao , Guo Wei , Xiang Sishi , Hu Peng , Sun Feifei , Gao Junmei , Zhang Xiaoyang , Wang Ping , Jing Wenting , Zhang Lei , Yang Xinjian , Duan Chuanzhi , He Min , Zhang Hongqi , Qu Yan
Published: October 2019

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 4.4% of cerebral vascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of death in China. Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is the most common cause of SAH. The natural history of unruptured IAs (UIAs) and the risk factors for rupture are among the key issues regarding the pathogenesis of IA and SAH that remain unclear in the Chinese population.

Methods

The China Intracranial Aneurysm Project (CIAP) is a prospective, observational, multicenter registry study of the natural courses, risk factors for the onset and rupture, treatment methods, comorbidity management and other aspects of intracranial aneurysms. To date, there are five studies in the CIAP. CIAP-1 is a prospective observational cohort study of UIAs. More than 5000 patients who will be followed for at least 1 year are expected to be enrolled in this cohort. These participants come from more than 20 centers that represent different regions in China. Enrollment began on May 1, 2017, and will take approximately 5 years. A nationwide online database of UIAs will be built. Participants’ basic, lifestyle, clinical and follow-up information will be collected. The blood samples will be stored in the Central Biological Specimen Bank. Strict standards have been established and will be followed in this study to ensure efficient implementation.

Discussion

The natural course of UIAs in the Chinese population will be explored in this registry study. In addition, the risk factors for the rupture of the UIAs and the joint effect of those factors will be analyzed. The present study aims to create a nationwide database of UIAs and investigate the natural course of UIAs in China.

Trial registrationThe Natural Course of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in a Chinese Cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03117803). Registered: July 5, 2017
Characterization of resistance to a potent d-peptide HIV entry inhibitor
Authors: Smith Amanda R. , Weinstock Matthew T. , Siglin Amanda E. , Whitby Frank G. , Francis J. Nicholas , Hill Christopher P. , Eckert Debra M. , Root Michael J. , Kay Michael S.
Published: October 2019

Background

PIE12-trimer is a highly potent d-peptide HIV-1 entry inhibitor that broadly targets group M isolates. It specifically binds the three identical conserved hydrophobic pockets at the base of the gp41 N-trimer with sub-femtomolar affinity. This extremely high affinity for the transiently exposed gp41 trimer provides a reserve of binding energy (resistance capacitor) to prevent the viral resistance pathway of stepwise accumulation of modest affinity-disrupting mutations. Such modest mutations would not affect PIE12-trimer potency and therefore not confer a selective advantage. Viral passaging in the presence of escalating PIE12-trimer concentrations ultimately selected for PIE12-trimer resistant populations, but required an extremely extended timeframe (> 1 year) in comparison to other entry inhibitors. Eventually, HIV developed resistance to PIE12-trimer by mutating Q577 in the gp41 pocket.

Results

Using deep sequence analysis, we identified three mutations at Q577 (R, N and K) in our two PIE12-trimer resistant pools. Each point mutant is capable of conferring the majority of PIE12-trimer resistance seen in the polyclonal pools. Surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated substantial affinity loss between PIE12-trimer and the Q577R-mutated gp41 pocket. A high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of PIE12 bound to the Q577R pocket revealed the loss of two hydrogen bonds, the repositioning of neighboring residues, and a small decrease in buried surface area. The Q577 mutations in an NL4-3 backbone decreased viral growth rates. Fitness was ultimately rescued in resistant viral pools by a suite of compensatory mutations in gp120 and gp41, of which we identified seven candidates from our sequencing data.

Conclusions

These data show that PIE12-trimer exhibits a high barrier to resistance, as extended passaging was required to develop resistant virus with normal growth rates. The primary resistance mutation, Q577R/N/K, found in the conserved gp41 pocket, substantially decreases inhibitor affinity but also damages viral fitness, and candidate compensatory mutations in gp160 have been identified.
Development of a duplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of newly emerged H5N6 influenza viruses
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Ying , Cui Pengfei , Wang Congcong , Zeng Xianying , Deng Guohua , Wang Xiurong
Published: October 2019

Background

In 2017–2018, a new highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) variant appeared in poultry and wild birds in Asian and European countries and caused multiple outbreaks. These variant strains are different from the H5N6 virus associated with human infection in previous years, and their genetic taxonomic status and antigenicity have changed. Therefore, revision of the primers and probes of fluorescent RT-PCR is important to detect the new H5N6 subtype AIV in poultry and reduce the risk of an epidemic in birds or humans.

Methods

In this study, the primers and probes including three groups of HA and four groups of NA for H5N6 influenza virus were evaluated. Then a set of ideal primer and probes were selected to further optimize the reaction system and established a method of double rRT-PCR assay. The specificity of this method was determined by using H1~H16 subtype AIV.

Results

The results showed that fluorescence signals were obtained for H5 virus in FAM channel and N6 virus in VIC channel, and no fluorescent signal was observed in other subtypes of avian influenza viruses. The detection limit of this assay was 69 copies for H5 and 83 copies for N6 gene. And, the variability tests of intra- and inter-assay showed excellent reproducibility. Moreover, this assay showed 100% agreement with virus isolation method in detecting samples from poultry.

Conclusion

The duplex rRT-PCR assay presented here has high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility, and can be used for laboratory surveillance and rapid diagnosis of newly emerged H5N6 subtype avian influenza viruses.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for radiotherapy-related esophageal fistula in esophageal cancer
Authors: Xu Yiyue , Wang Linlin , He Bo , Li Wanlong , Wen Qiang , Wang Shijiang , Sun Xindong , Meng Xue , Yu Jinming
Published: October 2019

Objectives

We aimed to identify the risk factors and provide a nomogram for the prediction of radiotherapy-related esophageal fistula in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) using a case-control study.

Patients and methods

Patients with esophageal fistula who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively collected in two institutions. In the training cohort (TC), clinical, pathologic, and serum data of 136 patients (cases) who developed esophageal fistula during or after radiotherapy were enrolled and compared with 272 controls (1:2 matched with the diagnosis time of EC, sex, marriage, and race). After the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, the independent risk factors were identified and incorporated into a nomogram. Then the nomogram for the risk prediction was externally validated in the validation cohort (VC; 47 cases and 94 controls) using bootstrap resampling.

Results

Multivariable analyses demonstrated that ECOG PS, BMI, T4, N2/3 and re-radiotherapy were independent factors for esophageal fistula. Then a nomogram was constructed with the C-index of 0.805 (95% CI, 0.762–0.848) for predicting the risk of developing esophageal fistula in EC patients receiving radiotherapy. Importantly, the C-index maintained 0.764 (95% CI, 0.683–0.845) after the external validation.

Conclusions

We created and externally validated the first risk nomogram of esophageal fistula associated with radiotherapy. This will aid individual risk stratification of patients with EC developing esophageal fistula.
Subpleural multilevel intercostal continuous analgesia after thoracoscopic pulmonary resection: a pilot study
Authors: Bousema Jelle E. , Dias Esther M. , Hagen Sander M. , Govaert Bastiaan , Meijer Patrick , van den Broek Frank J. C.
Published: October 2019

Background

Sufficient pain control and rapid mobilisation after VATS are important to enhance recovery and prevent complications. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the gold standard, but failure rates of 9–30% have been described. In addition, TEA reduces patient mobilisation and bladder function. Subpleural continuous analgesia (SCA) is a regional analgesic technique that is placed under direct thoracoscopic vision and is not associated with the mentioned disadvantages of TEA. The objective of this study was to assess surgical feasibility, pain control and patient satisfaction of SCA.

Methods

Observational pilot study in patients who underwent VATS pulmonary resection and received SCA (n = 23). Pain scores (numeric rating scale 0–10) and patient satisfaction (5-point Likert scale) were collected on postoperative day (POD) 0–3. Secondary outcomes were the period of urinary catheter use and period to full mobilisation.

Results

Placement of the subpleural catheter took an average of 11 min (SD 5) and was successful in all patients. Pain scores on POD 0–3 were 1.2 (SD 1.2), 2.0 (SD 1.9), 1.7 (SD 1.5) and 1.2 (SD 1.1) respectively. On POD 0–3 at least 79% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied on pain relief and mobilisation. The duration of subpleural continuous analgesia was 4 days (IQR 3–5, range 2–11). Urinary catheters were used zero days (IQR 0–1, range 0–6) and full mobilisation was achieved on POD 2 (IQR 1–2, range 1–6).

Conclusion

Subpleural continuous analgesia in VATS pulmonary resection is feasible and provides adequate pain control and good patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

This pilot study was not registered in a trial register.
The necessity of IIb dissection in T1–T2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Liang , Song Xuefei , Cui Chang , Ma Chunyue , Guo Bing , Qin Xingjun
Published: October 2019

Background

There is a growing debate on the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient survival which has been going on for the last few decades. The greatest wish of clinicians is to extend the latter while improving the former. Following neck dissection of early-stage oral carcinoma, “shoulder syndrome” appears due to traction of the accessory nerve during removal of level IIb, which greatly affects patient quality of life. Since occult metastasis in level IIb of early-stage oral carcinoma is extremely low, some surgeons suggest that level IIb can be exempt from dissection to improve the HRQoL. However, other surgeons take the opposite view, and thus there is no consensus on the necessity of IIb dissection in T1–2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

We designed a parallel-group, randomized, non-inferiority trial that is supported by Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. We will enroll 522 patients with early oral carcinoma who match the inclusion criteria, and compare differences in 3-year overall survival, progression–free survival (PFS) and HRQoL under different interventions (retention or dissection of level IIb). The primary endpoints will be tested by means of two-sided log-rank tests. Analysis of overall and progression-free survival will be performed in subgroups that were defined according to stratification factors with the use of univariate Cox analysis. In addition, we will use post-hoc subgroup analyses on the basis of histological factors that were known to have effects on survival, such as death of invasion of the primary tumor. To evaluate HRQoL, we will choose the Constant–Murley scale to measure shoulder function.

Discussion

Currently, there are no randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes on the necessity of IIB dissection in T1–T2N0M0 OSCC. We designed this noninferiority RCT that combines survival rate and HRQoL to assess the feasibility of IIb neck dissection. The result of this trial may guide clinical practice and change the criteria of how early-stage oral cancer is managed. The balance between survival and HRQoL in this trial is based on early-stage breast cancer treatment and may provide new ideas for other malignancies.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR1800019128. Registered on 26 October 2018.
Conservation laws, analytical solutions and stability analysis for the time-fractional Schamel–Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers equation
Authors: EL-Kalaawy O. H. , Moawad S. M. , Tharwat M. M. , Al-Denari Rasha B.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider the $(3+1)$
(
3
+
1
)
-dimensional time-fractional Schamel–Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers (SZKB) equation. With the help of the Riemann–Liouville derivatives, the Lie point symmetries of the $(3+1)$
(
3
+
1
)
-dimensional time-fractional SZKB equation are derived. By applying the Lie point symmetry method as well as Erdélyi–Kober fractional operator, we get the similarity reductions of the time-fractional SZKB equation. Conservation laws of the time-fractional SZKB are constructed. Moreover, we obtain its power series solutions with the convergence analysis. In addition, the analytical solution is obtained by modified trial equation method. Finally, stability is analyzed graphically in different planes.
Stability of traveling wavefronts for a 2D lattice dynamical system arising in a diffusive population model
Authors: Zhao Haiqin
Published: October 2019

This paper is concerned with the traveling wavefronts of a 2D two-component lattice dynamical system. This problem arises in the modeling of a species with mobile and stationary subpopulations in an environment in which the habitat is two-dimensional and divided into countable niches. The existence and uniqueness of the traveling wavefronts of this system have been studied in (Zhao and Wu in Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 12: 1178–1191, 2011). However, the stability of the traveling wavefronts remains unsolved. In this paper, we show that all noncritical traveling wavefronts with given direction of propagation and wave speed are exponentially stable in time. In particular, we obtain the exponential convergence rate.
Prescribing practices using WHO prescribing indicators and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in six community pharmacies in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amaha Nebyu Daniel , Weldemariam Dawit G. , Abdu Nuru , Tesfamariam Eyasu H.
Published: October 2019

Background

Antibiotics require more prudent prescribing, dispensing and administration than other medicines because these medicines are at a greater risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Studying the current medicine use practices and factors affecting the prescribing of an antibiotic would help decision makers to draft policies that would enable a more rational use of medicines.

Methods

A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current prescribing practices including antibiotics use in six community pharmacies in Asmara. A total of 600 encounters were reviewed using the WHO core prescribing indicators between May 5 and May 12, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed using IBM SPSS® (version 22).

Results

The average number of medicines per prescription was 1.76 and 83.14% of the medicines were prescribed using generic names while 98.39% of the medicines were from the National Essential Medicines List (NEML). The percentage of prescriptions containing antibiotics was 53%. The number of encounters containing injections was 7.8%. Patient age, gender and number of medicines prescribed were significantly associated with antibiotic prescribing at bivariate and multivariable models. Subjects under the age of 15 were approximately three times more likely to be prescribed antibiotic compared to subjects whose age is 65 and above (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.93, 95%CI: 1.71–5). Similarly, males were more likely to be prescribed antibiotic than females (AOR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.10–2.24). Subjects to whom three to four medicines prescribed were two times more likely to be prescribed an antibiotic compared to those who were to be prescribed one to two medicines per encounter (AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.35–3.5). A one-unit increase in the number of medicines increased the odds of antibiotic prescribing increased by 2.02 units (COR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.62–2.52).

Conclusions

This study found that the percentage of antibiotics being prescribed at the community pharmacies in Asmara was 53% which deviated significantly from the WHO recommended values (20–26.8%). Furthermore, the percentage of encounters with an injection was 7.8% lower than the WHO value of 13.4–24.0%. Patients’ age, gender and number of medicines were significantly associated with antibiotic prescribing.
Interactive association between processing induced molecular structure changes and nutrient delivery on a molecular basis, revealed by cutting-edge vibrational biomolecular spectroscopy
Authors: Ismael Aya , Guevara-Oquendo Victor Hugo , Refat Basim , Yu Peiqiang
Published: October 2019

Background

This study was conducted to determine protein molecular structure profiles and quantify the relationship between protein structural features and protein metabolism and bioavailability of blend pelleted products (BPP) based on co-products (canola or carinata) from processing with different proportions of pulse pea screenings and lignosulfonate chemical compound.

Method

The protein molecular structures were determined using the non-invasive advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR) in terms of chemical structure and biofunctional groups of amides (I and II), α-helix and β-sheet.

Results

The results showed that increasing the level of the co-products in BPP significantly increased the spectral intensity of the amide area and amide height. The products exhibited similar protein secondary α-helix to β-sheet ratio. The protein molecular structure profiles (amides I and II, α-helix to β-sheet) were highly associated with protein degradation kinetics and intestinal digestion. In conclusion, the non-invasive vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR) could be used to detect inherent structural make-up characteristics in BPP.

Conclusion

The molecular structural features related to protein biopolymer were highly associated with protein utilization and metabolism.
Identification and functional characterization of two novel mutations in KCNJ10 and PI4KB in SeSAME syndrome without electrolyte imbalance
Authors: Nadella Ravi K. , Chellappa Anirudh , Subramaniam Anand G. , More Ravi Prabhakar , Shetty Srividya , Prakash Suriya , Ratna Nikhil , Vandana V. P. , Purushottam Meera , Saini Jitender , Viswanath Biju , Bindu P. S. , Nagappa Madhu , Mehta Bhupesh , Jain Sanjeev , Kannan Ramakrishnan
Published: October 2019

Background

Dysfunction in inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 has been implicated in SeSAME syndrome, an autosomal-recessive (AR), rare, multi-systemic disorder. However, not all neurological, intellectual disability, and comorbid phenotypes in SeSAME syndrome can be mechanistically linked solely to Kir4.1 dysfunction.

Methods

We therefore performed whole-exome sequencing and identified additional genetic risk-elements that might exert causative effects either alone or in concert with Kir4.1 in a family diagnosed with SeSAME syndrome.

Results

Two variant prioritization pipelines based on AR inheritance and runs of homozygosity (ROH), identified two novel homozygous variants in KCNJ10 and PI4KB and five rare homozygous variants in PVRL4, RORC, FLG2, FCRL1, NIT1 and one common homozygous variant in HSPA6 segregating in all four patients. The novel mutation in KCNJ10 resides in the cytoplasmic domain of Kir4.1, a seat of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) binding. The mutation altered the subcellular localization and stability of Kir4.1 in patient-specific lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) compared to parental controls. Barium-sensitive endogenous K+ currents in patient-specific LCLs using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed membrane depolarization and defects in inward K+ ion conductance across the membrane, thereby suggesting a loss-of-function effect of KCNJ10 variant.

Conclusion

Altogether, our findings implicate the role of new genes in SeSAME syndrome without electrolyte imbalance and thereby speculate the regulation of Kir4.1 channel activity by PIP2 and integrin-mediated adhesion signaling mechanisms.
Consequences of social mobility on social relationships: a case study of successful rural migrants in Beijing
Authors: Liu Na
Published: October 2019

The impact of social mobility on social relationships is a neglected area of mobility studies in China. Drawing on intensive interviews with 30 migrant families in Beijing, this research aims to investigate the effect of social mobility on the social life and interpersonal relationships of successful migrants, especially regarding family, friends, and locals. It has been shown that the economic success of the interviewees did not estrange them from kin but rather strengthened their ties and obligations toward each other. Their mode of association still followed the principle ofchaxu geju. Their friendship circles, however, changed significantly. Old ties that could not move upwards at the same pace were usually left behind. Despite these significant changes, however, their social relationships beyond kin were mainly limited to rural migrants. Very few socialized with or established contacts with the local people in Beijing. The economic success of the migrants did not bring social integration. Their social adaptation was largely a process of assimilating with social groups formed by people similar to themselves rather than a process of integrating into the already established urban classes.
Impact of Increasing Wait Times on Overall Mortality of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Discrete Event Simulation Model
Authors: Tully Stephen , Feng Zeny , Grindrod Kelly , McFarlane Tom , Chan Kelvin K.W. , Wong William W.L.
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has transformed oncology treatment, with the potential to cure certain cancers. Although shown to be effective in selected populations and studies, CAR T-cell technology requires considerable health care resources, which may lead to additional wait times to access this type of treatment in future. The objective of our study was to estimate the potential impact of increasing wait times on CAR T-cell therapy effectiveness compared with standard chemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

METHODS

A health system–level discrete event simulation model was developed to project the potential impact of wait times on CAR T-cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Waiting queues and health states related to treatment and clinical progression were implemented. Using data from the literature, we evaluated nine scenarios of using CAR T-cell therapy with wait times ranging from 1 to 9 months. The outcome of interest was 1-year all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

Increasing the wait time of receiving CAR T-cell therapy from 1 to 9 months increased the predicted 1-year mortality rate from 36.1% to 76.3%. Baseline 1-year mortality was 34.0% in patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy with no wait times and 75.1% in patients treated with chemotherapy. This resulted in an increased relative mortality rate of 6.2% to 124.5% over a 1- to 9-month wait time compared with no wait time.

CONCLUSION

We found that modest delays in CAR T-cell therapy significantly hinder its effectiveness. Because CAR T-cell therapy offers a potential cure, it is expected that the uptake rate will be substantially increased once the therapy is regularly funded by a health care system. Wait times may be prolonged if system resource availability does not match the demand. Strategies must be developed to minimize the impact of delays and reduce complications during waiting.
Improving Stratification for Children With Late Bone Marrow B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapses With Refined Response Classification and Integration of Genetics
Authors: Eckert Cornelia , Groeneveld-Krentz Stefanie , Kirschner-Schwabe Renate , Hagedorn Nikola , Chen-Santel Christiane , Bader Peter , Borkhardt Arndt , Cario Gunnar , Escherich Gabriele , Panzer-Grümayer Renate , Astrahantseff Kathy , Eggert Angelika , Sramkova Lucie , Attarbaschi Andishe , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Peters Christina , Henze Günter , von Stackelberg Arend ,   for the ALL-REZ BFM Trial Group
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

Minimal residual disease (MRD) helps to accurately assess when children with late bone marrow relapses of B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) will benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). More detailed dissection of MRD response heterogeneity and the specific genetic aberrations could improve current practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

MRD was assessed after induction treatment and at different times during relapse treatment until allo-HSCT (indicated in poor responders to induction; MRD ≥ 10−3) for patients being treated for late BCP-ALL bone marrow relapses (n = 413; median follow-up, 9.4 years) in the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 trial/registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00114348 ).

RESULTS

Patients with both good (MRD < 10−3) and poor responses to induction treatment reached excellent event-free survival (EFS; 72% v 65%) and overall survival (OS; 82% v 74%). Patients with MRD of 10−2 or greater after induction had reduced EFS (56%), and their MRD persisted until allo-HSCT more frequently than it did in patients with MRD of 10−3 or greater to less than 10−2 ( P = .037). Patients with 25% or more leukemic blasts after induction (early nonresponders) had the poorest prognosis (EFS, 22%). Interestingly, patients with MRD of 10−3 or greater before allo-HSCT (late nonresponders) still had an EFS of 50% and OS of 63%, which in principle justifies allo-HSCT in these patients. From a panel of selected candidate genes, TP53 alterations (frequency, 8%) were the only genetic alteration with independent prognostic value in any MRD-based response subgroup.

CONCLUSION

After induction treatment, MRD-based treatment stratification resulted in excellent survival in patients with late relapsed BCP-ALL. Prognosis could be further improved in very poor responders by intensifying treatment directly after induction. TP53 alterations can be defined as a novel genetic high-risk marker in all MRD response groups in late relapsed BCP-ALL. Here we identified early and late nonresponders to be considered as events in future trials.
Cardiac mitochondrial function, nitric oxide sensitivity and lipid composition following hypoxia acclimation in sablefish
Authors: Gerber Lucie , Clow Kathy A. , Katan Tomer , Emam Mohamed , Leeuwis Robine H. J. , Parrish Christopher C. , Gamperl Anthony K.
Published: October 2019

In fishes, the effect of O2 limitation on cardiac mitochondrial function remains largely unexplored. The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) encounters considerable variations in environmental oxygen availability, and is an interesting model for studying the effects of hypoxia on fish cardiorespiratory function. We investigated how in vivo hypoxic acclimation (6 months at 40%+3 weeks at 20% air saturation) and in vitro anoxia-reoxygenation affected sablefish cardiac mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rates using high-resolution fluorespirometry. Further, we investigated how hypoxic acclimation affected the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to nitric oxide (NO), and compared mitochondrial lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition between groups. Hypoxic acclimation did not alter mitochondrial coupled or uncoupled respiration, or respiratory control ratio, ROS release rates, P50 or superoxide dismutase activity. However, it increased citrate synthase activity (by∼20%), increased the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to NO inhibition [i.e., the NO IC50 was 25% lower], and enhanced the recovery of respiration (by 21%) and reduced ROS release rates (by 25-30%) post-anoxia. Further, hypoxic acclimation altered the mitochondria's FA composition [increasing arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) proportions by 11 and 14%, respectively], and SIMPER analysis revealed that the phospholipid: sterol ratio was the largest contributor (24%) to the dissimilarity between treatments. Overall, these results suggest that hypoxic acclimation may protect sablefish cardiac bioenergetic function during or after periods of O2 limitation, and that this may be related to alterations in the mitochondria's sensitivity to NO and to adaptive changes in membrane composition (fluidity).
CURRENCY FOR RETIREMENT: INVESTING IN PHYSICAL CAPITAL
Authors: Dondzila Chris , Glass Steve
Published: October 2019

Apply It!

•Help your clients look at their body as a nest egg — just like their money. The analogy will not be lost on them and might just change their view of the importance of activity.

•Reinforce that no matter the point in your life that these efforts begin, it is never too late, and the investment can be tailored based on your health, capabilities, goals, and resources.

•Choose a diverse portfolio of movement that fits where the client is currently and activities that encourage social interaction.
Rehabilitation Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries in the Master Athlete
Authors: Rodriguez-Santiago Belmarie , Castillo Brenda , Baerga-Varela Luis , Micheo William F.
Published: October 2019

Rotator cuff (RTC) injuries are common in master athletes, especially overhead athletes. Risk factors include aging and degeneration as nonmodifiable and volume of activity, muscle weakness, and loss of motion as modifiable. The clinical presentation involves limited range of motion (ROM), pain at rest and at night. Injury classification into traumatic versus nontraumatic and tendinopathy, partial or full-thickness tears helps to establish a treatment plan. RTC injury rehabilitation protocols are criteria-based, multimodal, and divided into four phases. The acute phase addresses pain, inflammation, ROM, and RTC protection. The recovery phase addresses kinetic chain abnormalities, flexibility, and strength, and the functional phase involves exercises directed toward specific sport activities. Return to sports is based on clinical recovery, kinetic chain principles, and adequate sports technique. Nonsurgical management is recommended in most cases, and surgical management is considered if symptoms progress, especially for full-thickness tears.
SCOT-HEART trial: reshuffling our approach to stable ischemic heart disease
Authors: Amin Sagar B , Stillman Arthur E
Published: October 2019

The role of diagnostic testing in triaging patients with stable ischemic heart disease continues to evolve towards recognizing the benefits of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) over functional testing. The SCOT-HEART (Scottish Computed Tomography of the HEART) trial highlights this paradigm shift finding a significant reduction of death from coronary heart disease or non-fatal myocardial infarction without a significant increased rate of invasive coronary angiography over a 5 year follow-up period when implementing CCTA with standard care vs standard care alone. The better negative predictive value and ability to identify nonobstructive coronary artery disease to optimize medical therapy highlight the benefits of a CCTA first strategy. With the advent of noninvasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) and widespread availability and ease of CT, CCTA continues to establish itself as a pivotal diagnostic exam for patients with stable ischemic heart disease. In this commentary, we review the SCOT-HEART trial and its impact on CCTA for patients with stable ischemic heart disease.
Competitiveness and agricultural insurance
Authors: Брылев Александр , Brylev Aleksandr , Турчаева Ирина , Turchaeva Irina
Published: October 2019

The monograph reveals the essence, concept, factors and methods of assessing the competitiveness of agricultural products and producers; the problems and prospects of agricultural insurance as one of the financial mechanisms to ensure competitiveness in a market economy.
It is addressed to economists, managers, other employees of agricultural organizations, teachers, students of economic, agricultural areas and specialties of higher educational institutions.
Surface engineering of hardened parts
Authors: Шарая О. , Sharaya O. , Пастухов Александр , Pastukhov Aleksandr , Кравченко Игорь , Kravchenko Igor
Published: October 2019

Currently, in connection with obtaining the unique properties of the surface layers of materials, special attention is focused on the theoretical and practical aspects of the technology of hardening and restoration, using both diffusion saturation and concentrated energy flows.
The monograph deals with the issues of chemical-thermal and laser processing of tools and parts of transport and technological machines.
It can be used in the study of disciplines "materials Science and technology of structural materials" and "Modern methods of strengthening materials" areas of training "Agroengineering" and "Technology of production and processing of agricultural products" (bachelor), as well as undergraduates, graduate students and specialists working in the field of agricultural engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgy and surface engineering.
Economics of service sector
Authors: Василенко Наталья , Vasilenko Natalia
Published: October 2019

The textbook presents the main theoretical and practical problems of the economy of the service sector. The characteristics of services, industry specifics of the service sector, factors of its advanced development, methods of standardization and certification of service products, features of state and market regulation of service organizations, issues of resource support of service processes and increase of their efficiency are considered. Special attention is paid to the current trends in the intellectualization of services, their automation and clustering, as well as the mechanisms of development of the accompanying service.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in the enlarged groups of areas 38.00.00 "Economics and management", 43.00.00 "Service and tourism", 44.00.00 "Education and pedagogical Sciences", providing training for educational organizations and education authorities.
Should Hospitals Keep Their Patients Longer? The Role of Inpatient Care in Reducing Postdischarge Mortality
Authors: Bartel Ann P. , Chan Carri W. , Kim Song-Hee
Published: October 2019

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Quality Forum have endorsed the 30-day mortality rate as an important indicator of hospital quality. Concerns have been raised, however, as to whether postdischarge mortality rates are reasonable measures of hospital quality as they consider the frequency of an event that occurs after a patient is discharged and is no longer under the watch and care of hospital staff. Estimating the causal effect of length of stay (LOS) on postdischarge mortality from retrospective data introduces a number of econometric challenges. We describe three potential sources of (endogeneity and censoring) biases and propose an approach that provides conservative estimates of the true treatment effect. Using a large data set comprising all hospital encounters of every Medicare fee-for-service patient with acute myocardial infarction from 2000 to 2011, we find evidence that an increase in LOS is associated with a decrease in 30-day mortality rates. An additional day in the hospital could decrease 30-day mortality rates by over 6%. Moreover, we find that, from a social planner’s perspective, the gains achieved in reducing mortality rates likely exceed the cost of keeping the patients in the hospital for an additional day.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
You’ve Got Mail: A Randomized Field Experiment on Tax Evasion
Authors: Bott Kristina M. , Cappelen Alexander W. , Sørensen Erik Ø. , Tungodden Bertil
Published: October 2019

We report from a large-scale randomized field experiment conducted on a unique sample of more than 15,000 taxpayers in Norway who were likely to have misreported their foreign income. By randomly manipulating a letter from the tax authorities, we cleanly identify that moral suasion and the perceived detection probability play a crucial role in shaping taxpayer behavior. The moral letter mainly works on the intensive margin, while the detection letter has a strong effect on the extensive margin. We further show that only the detection letter has long-term effects on tax compliance.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics.
Hold Your Horses: Temporal Multiplexity and Conflict Moderation in the Palio di Siena (1743–2010)
Authors: Operti Elisa , Y. Lampronti Shemuel , Sgourev Stoyan V.
Published: October 2019

The paper elaborates the concept of temporal multiplexity, defined as the overlaying of ties of different duration, such as transient employment and enduring organizational ties. This concept is instrumental in resolving long-standing challenges in network research, such as capturing the interplay between different levels of analysis or time horizons. This is made possible by longitudinal network and mobility data (1743–2010) from the Palio di Siena—the famous horse race in Siena, Italy. The outcome of interest is Palio-related collective violence. The analysis shows that relationally loaded organizational ties of rivalry or friendship increase the likelihood of incidents, whereas mobility along the same lines reduces it. The results support sociological arguments that symmetrical social space of friendship or rivalry is conducive to conflict. Mobility is a factor of moderation—by connecting employers within the actor and transferring relational content between them, it creates misalignment between the assumption of a role and fulfillment of its expectations. Mobility relaxes the relational constraints of jockeys, reducing their compliance with bellicose demands. The uncertainty resulting from mobility may have a collective benefit that is ignored by employers: the moderation of conflict.
Taiwanese University Students’ Ideal L2 Selves and Autonomy: Does High School Program Make a Difference?
Authors: Lu Yichen , Berg D. Ryan
Published: October 2019

There has been an increased interest in L2 learners’ motivation and autonomy over the past several decades, and both variables are recognized as characteristics of successful language learners. The L2 motivational self system (L2MSS) is a recent approach to L2 motivation research that sheds light on many aspects of a language learners’ self. Additionally, autonomy is known to promote long-term foreign language learning success. Understanding these measures and what variables influence them can help educators determine how to best help their students achieve success in language learning. This study examines Taiwanese university students’ ideal L2 selves and autonomy as measured on questionnaires. This study seeks to examine whether any differences exist between Taiwanese students who attended normal, comprehensive, or vocational high school programs in Taiwan. The results show that while differences exist and several of the L2MSS and autonomy variables are strongly correlated, there are no significant differences between students in these three groups. The results suggest that there may be other variables not measured in this study which do have an impact on a learners’ L2MSS and/or autonomy.
The noir side of couture: Balenciaga and Luis Marquina’s Alta costura (1954)
Authors: Pérez Jorge
Published: October 2019

This article explores the multidimensional relationship between fashion and cinema by analysing the Spanish film Alta costura (Marquina, 1954). The film centres on a noir plot involving the investigation of a homicide during a couture show of garments designed by Cristóbal Balenciaga. The catwalk show becomes a structural pillar providing a framework for characterization and plot development, instead of a mere narrative digression. In addition, the show serves to display some of Balenciaga’s groundbreaking innovations in the female silhouette, while also making a surprisingly strong anti-fashion statement by encapsulating the film’s ethical message that is coded negatively. Fashion becomes associated with the negative effects of modernity, with death and destruction, to make a case for the conservative notions of gender roles that prevailed in the 1950s in Spain.
Suits and subcultures: Costuming and masculinities in the films of Pedro Almodóvar
Authors: Gilligan Sarah , Collins Jacky
Published: October 2019

This article combines an analysis of the fabrics, surfaces and styles chosen to dress Pedro Almodóvar’s male characters with an exploration of how those codes might be read with respect to the specific and significant shifting historical contexts of 1980s and 1990s Spanish society. Through focusing our interdisciplinary analysis upon Labyrinth of Passions (Almodóvar, 1982) and The Flower of My Secret (Almodóvar, 1995), we will identify the multifarious ways in which the male subject mirrors societal and cultural trends in a rapidly changing Spain during the years following the country’s emergence from isolation after the Franco years, its subsequent return to democracy and the emergence of a high-living, fashionable cosmopolitanism. In examining the tensions that emerge between pairings of key male figures in the Spanish director’s work, we will pay particular attention to their costuming as central to the construction and performance of masculine identities. We will argue that in the films under examination, a series of binary oppositions are offered in which the suited male (whether a doctor or a military general) is self-consciously contrasted with representations that connote shifting bohemian, subcultural (or ‘alternative’) identities that destabilize and reconfigure the construction and performance of masculine identities and their more ‘traditional’ counterparts.
El género de la fotografía: de la intersubjetividad a la intercorporalidad en la obra de Alair Gomes
Authors: Gonçalves De Lima Ivaldo
Published: October 2019

En este ensayo se aborda la fotografía de Alair Gomes, específicamente, su producción artística de los años 1960 y 1970, en el barrio de Ipanema en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. El tema central gira en torno al impulso homoerótico que guía las imágenes de esta producción. Se argumenta que la tríada sujeto/arte/espacio permite realizar una interpretación segura de significados y sentidos de esa fotografía. Aceptamos la idea de que el entorno socio-espacial del barrio de Ipanema recreado por el arte de Alair expresa el paso de la intersujetividad a la intercorporalidad. Como producto final de esa tríada, nos deparamos con el mundo común del artista, del que el Otro, el Homo eroticus constituye una parte intrínseca.
Los Coloquios Latinoamericanos de Fotografía y la institucionalización de una fotografía brasileña
Authors: Zerwes Erika , Costa Eduardo Augusto
Published: October 2019

Este artículo pretende presentar el movimiento de institucionalización de la fotografía brasileña entre finales de 1970 y principios de 1980, que se produce simultáneamente a otras acciones en países de América Latina. Se trata de procesos profundamente conectados a los dos primeros Coloquios Latinoamericanos de Fotografía, realizados en 1978 y 1981 en la Ciudad de México. Estos coloquios permitieron la creación de puentes entre los fotógrafos e instituciones brasileñas y latinoamericanas. También hicieron posible que las experiencias institucionales europeas y norteamericanas se llevaran a América Latina, mientras que se divulgaba en Europa la versión allí establecida de fotografía latinoamericana.
Retratos de hinchas organizados de fútbol profesional de Brasil, el caso de “Gaviões da Fiel”
Authors: Deppa Banchetti Luciano
Published: October 2019

Hollanda, B. B. de & Negreiros, P. L. (Org.). (2015). Os Gaviões da Fiel: ensaios e etnografias de uma torcida organizada de futebol. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras.Os Gaviões da Fiel: ensaios e etnografias de uma torcida organizada de futebol es una colección compuesta por textos de diversos campos del conocimiento - Historia, Sociología, Antropología, Administración, Comunicación, entre otros – destacando los aspectos que convierten al “Grêmio Gaviões da Fiel Torcida Força Independente” en uno de los principales grupos de hinchas organizados del fútbol brasileño. En este sentido, la obra ya resulta atractiva por la estrecha relación entre el fútbol y las ciencias sociales, sin embargo, los textos seleccionados en el libro, al detenerse sobre algunos momentos de la trayectoria y las principales características de este grupo de seguidores organizados, acaban por mostrar caminos interesantes para discutir algo que va más allá del espectro puramente deportivo, permitiendo al lector depararse con aspectos que cuestionan diversos problemas de la sociedad contemporánea.