bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento endoscópico para el reflujo gastroesofágico
Authors: Braghetto Italo
Published: February 2022

ResumenDurante las últimas 2 décadas se han desarrollado una serie de nuevos tratamientos endoscópicos para el tratamiento de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. (ERGE) como alternativas al tratamiento médico o funduplicatura quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos incluyen aplicación de tratamiento por radiofrecuencia (Stretta), plicatura endoscópica (EndoCinch, Plicator, Esophyx, MUSE) e inyección o implantación de biomateriales (Enteryx, Gatekeeper, Plexiglas, Duragel). Su objetivo es el alivio de los síntomas creando una barrera anatómica antireflujo. En esta revisión, evaluamos críticamente los resultados reportados, aunque faltan datos a largo plazo superiores a 5 o 7 años. Estos procedimientos reducen el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones en cerca del 50%. Evaluaciones subjetivas reportan mejoría de la calidad de vida y satisfacción del paciente.  Sin embargo, la evaluación objetiva con endoscopia, manometría, radiología y pHmetría son escasos y si los hay, no muestran cambios significativos. No existe evidencia convincente para adoptar estos métodos como tratamiento definitivo.  AbstractDuring the last 2 decades, new endoscopic treatments have been developed for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. (GERD) as alternatives to medical treatment or surgical fundoplication. These devices include application of radiofrequency treatment (Stretta), endoscopic plication (EndoCinch, Plicator, Esophyx, MUSE) and injection or implantation of biomaterials (Enteryx, Gatekeeper, Plexiglas, Duragel). Its objective is the relief of symptoms by creating an anatomical anti-reflux barrier. In this review, we analyse critically the reported results, although long-term data greater than 5 or 7 years are lacking. These procedures reduce the use of proton pump inhibitors by about 50%. Subjective evaluations report improvement in quality of life and patient satisfaction. However, objective evaluation with endoscopy, manometry, radiology and pHmetry are scarce and if there are, they do not show significant changes. There is no convincing evidence to adopt these methods as definitive treatment.
ABORDAJE QUIRÚRGICO Y EVOLUCIÓN POSTOPERATORIA EN REINTERVENCIONES DE COMPLICACIONES EN CIRUGÍA COLORRECTAL LAPAROSCÓPICA, 15 AÑOS DE EXPERIENCIA.
Authors: Olivares Medina Sebastián Andrés , Campaña Villegas Gonzalo Alfredo , Readi Vallejos Alejandro Nicolás , Rondríguez González Marcelo Andrés
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Comparar tres abordajes quirúrgicos (laparoscópico, abordaje laparoscópico convertido, laparotomía) para el manejo de complicaciones postoperatorias en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica electiva. Materiales y método: Este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó pacientes reoperados después de una cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica electiva. Los pacientes se agruparon según la vía de abordaje de reoperación: laparoscópica, laparoscópica convertida y laparotomía. Variables estudiadas fueron: preoperatorias (edad, sexo, puntuación ASA, IMC, comorbilidades e historia quirúrgica); quirúrgicas (causa de reoperación, latencia para reoperación, tiempo operatorio, cirugía realizada y causa de conversión); y variables posoperatorias (tránsito intestinal, días de hospitalización, días de UCI, complicaciones médicas, infección del sitio quirúrgico, evisceración, transfusión y mortalidad a los 30 días). Resultados: Sin diferencias significativas para las variables preoperatorias y quirúrgicas. En cuanto a las variables postoperatorias, el grupo de reoperaciones por vía laparoscópica, tuvo menos días de hospitalización (p = 0,012), menos días de UCI (p = 0,001) y un tránsito intestinal más rápido para reaparición de gases, heces y retorno a dieta sólida (p = 0,008, p = 0.029, p = 0.030, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias significativas en la infección del sitio quirúrgico, la evisceración, las complicaciones médicas, la transfusión y la mortalidad. Discusión y Conclusión: Este estudio reveló una mejor evolución clínica postoperatoria en el grupo de reoperación laparoscópica, con menor estancia hospitalaria y en UCI, y reducción del íleo posoperatorio, sin aumento de la morbimortalidad. Por lo tanto, la reoperación laparoscópica en cirugía colorrectal podría ser el abordaje más adecuado en pacientes debidamente seleccionados.
Síndrome de Morel-Lavallée glúteo
Authors: Ferrer Inaebnit Ester , Jiménez Segovia Marina , Velasquez Alcides
Published: February 2022

Se presenta la evolución de una lesión Morel-lavallée en glúteo izquierdo tras caída en un paciente varón de 41 años.
Stabilitas Emulsi Minuman Virgin Coconut Oil dengan Pelarut Air Kelapa
Authors: Nur Nur Mu'min , Octavia Rizka
Published: February 2022

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a pure coconut oil product whose manufacturing process does not involve the heating process and the workmanship is very simple. VCO is reportedly able to prevent and treat various diseases such as being able to kill viruses, bacteria, increase endurance and moisturize the skin so that people are increasingly interested in consuming it, but its "oily" taste causes VCO products in the form of packaging drinks to be less popular. This study aims to determine the stability of VCO emulsions with the addition of coconut water at variations in concentration. The working procedure carried out is the determination of the ratio of coconut water and VCO, determination of emulsifier concentration, viscosity, pH change and creaming index.This study aims to establish a good description of VCO beverage products and favored by panelists.The research method used is the method (experimental methode) using random group design (RAK).
Pemanfaatan kulit jeruk nipis menjadi handsanitizer gel
Authors: Mirnawati Mirnawati , Mu'min Nur , Yunus Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Hand sanitizer is a hand sanitizer antiseptic that is able to clean germs or viruses that stick to the hands. Most in the hand sanitizer market still use alcohol with a concentration of ±50%-70%. The use of alcohol in hand sanitizer is considered less safe for health because alcohol is an organic solvent that can dissolve the layer of fat and sebum on the skin that serves as a protector against infection of microorganisms. In addition, alcohol is also flammable and if repeated use on the hands will cause irritation. Research methods conducted in the determination of water content, the manufacture of hand sanitizer gel, pH measurement, viscosity and antimicrobials. Variations in carbpol concentration affect the physical properties and physical stability of the gel. Increased concentration of Carbpol increases the viscosity of the preparation. Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that lime (Citrus aurantifolia) has the potential to inhibit the growth of microbes 1,0 x 101  colonies / g.
Knowledge and skill
Authors: Durrani Romana S. , Usman Ali , Gardezi Amina Batol , Abid Maham
Published: February 2022

Human abilities are often described to be comprising of many synonymous traits including efficiency, proficiency, capability, and competency etc. The researchers include three main pillars of an individual professional or a whole system; e.g., knowledge, skill and attitude. This invited editorial covers the first two of the three, although all the three must interplay to enhance the abilities of healthcare professionals. The need of a balance of both has been emphasized, as without the one, the second will be become useless.
Key words: Knowledge; Skill; Ability; Training
Citation: Usman A, Gardezi AB, Durrani RS, Abid M. Knowledge and skill. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(5):_; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i5.1620
Received: September 15, 2021, Accepted: September 20, 2021
Comparison of recovery time with target controlled infusion of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia using bispectral index monitoring in vitrectomy surgery
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita , Sukmono Raden Besthadi , Atmadja Linda Stefanie
Published: February 2022

Background: Rapid recovery after anesthesia is critical and is associated with the anesthetic agents used. The bispectral index (BIS) monitoring to guide anesthetic agents' doses may play a significant role in the recovery time. This study compared recovery time after Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia by using BIS monitoring during vitrectomy surgery. 
Methodology: This was a prospective observational, randomized study on 40 patients aged 18–65 y, physical status ASA I–II, body mass index (BMI) 18–30 kg/m2, who underwent vitrectomy surgery. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, Group P – the TCI propofol group, and Group S – the sevoflurane group. Subjects in the Group P received TCI propofol (Schnider), and subjects in the Group S received sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance, with a targeted BIS score of 40–60. Inj. fentanyl 1 µg/kg was administered if there was an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and/or BIS that could not be overcome by increasing the dose of TCI propofol or sevoflurane. Recovery time was calculated from when the maintenance regimen was stopped until the patient was able to obey simple commands. Recovery time, fentanyl consumption, postoperative agitation, nausea and vomiting incidence were noted and analyzed with SPSS v21.0 for Windows. T–Test or Mann–Whitney U test was performed to analyze the data. 
Result: Recovery time in the Group P [11.5 (5–25) min)] was not significantly different from the Group S [9 (4–18) min, p = 0.139]. Total fentanyl consumption was higher in the Group P than in the Group S (1.765 vs. 1.428 µg/kg). The frequency of agitation during recovery was higher in the Group S than in the Group P (30% vs. 20%)
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in recovery time between target controlled infusion of propofol and BIS controlled sevoflurane anesthesia in vitrectomy. Total fentanyl consumption was higher in the Group P than in the sevoflurane group. The impact of these anesthetic regimens on postoperative agitation needs further investigation.
Key words: Intravenous anesthesia; Bispectral index monitoring; BIS;  Propofol; Sevoflurane; Target Controlled Infusion; TCI; Vitrectomy
Citation: Tantri AR, Sukmono RB, Atmadja LS. Comparison of recovery time with target controlled infusion of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia using bispectral index monitoring in vitrectomy surgery. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):707–712:
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1689
Echocardiography-guided hemodynamic management of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alhabashy Walid S. , Shalaby Osama M. , Elgebaly Ahmed S. , Abd El Ghafar Mohammed S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Echocardiography (ECHO) is used to guide septic shock resuscitation, but without evidence for efficacy. Therefore, we compared the outcome of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) and ECHO-guided management of hemodynamics in severe sepsis and septic shock.
Methodology: This was a single center, randomized controlled trial conducted on 100 adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Patients were assessed and treated with either EGDT protocol (Group I - EGDT group) or ECHO-guided resuscitation protocol (Group II - ECHO group).  
Results: Only 87 patients (45 in Group I and 42 in Group II) were analyzed. There was a significant increase of mean norepinephrine and dobutamine use and a significant decrease in total fluids needed in the first 24 h, time to normalization, time to weaning of vasopressors, total mechanical ventilation (MV) days, MV free days and ICU and hospital stay in ECHO group. At 30 days, the mortality rate in EGDT group was 35.6% which was significantly higher compared to 14.3% in the ECHO group. At 90 days, the overall mortality was significantly higher in EGDT group compared to ECHO group (40.0% vs 16.7% respectively). Hazardous ratio of mortality was 1.630 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.123 - 2.366] and 1.653 (95% CI: 1.137 - 2.404) at 30 and 90 days respectively in EGDT group compared to ECHO group.
Conclusions: In severe sepsis and septic shock, ECHO-guided management of hemodynamics resulted in a decrease in mortality, lower total fluid intake, higher vasopressor and inotrope support, earlier weaning of vasopressors; and reduced mechanical ventilation days, as well as ICU and hospital stay.
Keywords: Echocardiography; EGDT; Severe sepsis; Septic Shock; Adults
Citation: Alhabashy WS, Shalaby OM, Elgebaly AS, Abd El Ghafar MS. Echocardiography-guided hemodynamic management of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):722–732;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1694
Received: June 20, 2021, Reviewed: August 10, 2021, Accepted: August 13, 2021
Febrile seizure secondary to opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal in post-operative airway pediatric surgery: a case report
Authors: Hehsan Muhamad Rafiqi , Muhd Shukeri Wan Fadzlina Wan
Published: February 2022

The sedoanalgesic drugs frequently have to be administered to relieve pain and anxiety of patients in intensive care units (ICU). An ideal agent would be rapidly metabolized, and facilitate desirable level of sedation without compromising hemodynamic and respiratory function. This makes opioids and benzodiazepines to be the most commonly prescribed drugs in intensive care. However, weaning off from these drugs may be associated with withdrawal effects. We present a case report of febrile seizure following airway pediatric surgery and opiate and benzodiazepine discontinuation. The weaning off process from these drugs should be meticulously done especially in pediatric age group to avoid subsequent complications.
Key words: Febrile seizure; Opioids; Benzodiazepine; Withdrawal; Post-operative; Airways
Abbreviations: PICU - Pediatric intensive care unit; IWS - Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome
Citation: Hehsan MR, Shukeri WFWM. Febrile seizure secondary to opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal in post-operative airway pediatric surgery: a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):804–806:
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1709
Received: September 10, 2021, Reviewed: September 18, 2021, Accepted: October 25, 2021
Incoherency between the clinical condition and the chest X-ray result in COVID-19 patients: a case series
Authors: Permana Septian Adi , Aditianingsih Dita , Thamrin Muhammad Husni , . Arifin , . Purwoko
Published: February 2022

Despite the routine dependence upon chest X–ray (CXR) to monitor COVID-10 patients’ condition, we found that CXR and the clinical condition of some patients were incoherent, especially regarding the need of oxygen supplementation. In our patients, the incoherency was found in three patients, although, the PCR test result was still positive. In the first patient, we noted from the CXR that the pulmonary infiltrate was getting worse, but the oxygen demand was getting less and the PaO2/FiO2 was getting better on Day 4. For the second patient it happened on Day 4 and 5. In our third patient, it happened on the Day 6 and 11. All of the patients were cured and discharged home safely.
Our finding indicates that we have to rely more on the clinical condition and subjective complaints of the patients, rather than CXR results to evaluate the therapy because there may be an incoherency between the two.
Key word: COVID-19; Timeline; Incoherency; Clinical condition
Citation: Permana SA, Aditianingsih D, Thamrin MH, Arifin, Purwoko. Incoherency between the clinical condition and chest X-ray result in COVID-19 patients: a case series. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):798–803 ;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1710
Received: September 11, 2021, Reviewed: September 22, 2021, Accepted: September 24, 2021
CLINIPICS: Intra–arterial line: a nightmare!!
Authors: Vijayakumar Perundurai Chinnaswamy
Published: February 2022

A patient had invasive hemodynamic monitoring for Whipple’s procedure. Upper limb arterial cannulation failed due to vasospastic arteries. So her right femoral artery was cannulated and used for 48 h postop to manage the hypotension with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia.
Renal Disease
Authors: Sehrawat Priyanka , Bansal Pranav
Published: February 2022

Q 1. Which of the following statement is false with respect to renal blood flow:-a. Kidneys receive approximately 15 – 20 % of total cardiac outputb. Renal papillae are most vulnerable to ischemic insults as it receives only 5 % of the cardiac outputc. Glomerular capillaries are low pressure system whereas peritubular capillaries are high pressure systemsd. Anesthetic agents does not have direct impact on renal blood flow, alterations occur secondary to changes in cardiac output
Safety and efficacy of LMA Supreme™ vs. LMA ProSeal™ for ambulatory surgeries in adult patients
Authors: Singh Amanjot , Kaur Jaskirat , Kaur Sarvjeet , Gupta Kewal Krishan
Published: February 2022

Background & objectives: The laryngeal mask airway Supreme™ (LMA-S) is a new, single-use, supraglottic device that combines the functionality of the ProSeal™ and Fastrach™ airways. Till now, there have been conflicting results regarding the oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) of the LMA Supreme™ vs. the LMA ProSeal™, which is the major determinant of effective ventilation and airway protection during LMA use. We compared the safety and efficacy of the LMA ProSeal™ vs. the LMA Supreme™ in ambulatory surgeries.

Methodology: In this prospective, comparative trial, eighty adult patients undergoing elective surgery, were randomly allocated to one of the two groups: Group LMA–P (LMA ProSeal™ group) and Group LMA–S (LMA Supreme™ group) of 40 patients each. OLP, insertion times, number of insertion attempts, ease of insertion and pharyngolaryngeal morbidity were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 software using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Oropharyngeal leak pressure in Group LMA–P (26.65 ± 1.59 cmH2O) was comparable to Group LMA–S (26.08 ± 1.67 cmH2O) and both provided adequate seal and effective ventilation. The mean effective airway time was significantly less in Group LMA–S as compared to Group LMA–P (14.80 ± 1.24 sec and 17.80 ± 1.47 sec) respectively. Mean number of successful insertion attempts, hemodynamic response and pharyngolaryngeal morbidity were comparable in both the groups.

Conclusion: Both LMA Supreme™ and LMA ProSeal™ are equally efficacious and safe for maintaining airway and ventilation in paralyzed patients. However, LMA Supreme™ is easier to insert with shorter effective airway time than LMA ProSeal™.

Abbreviations: SAD - Supraglottic airway device; ETI - Endotracheal intubation; LMA - Laryngeal mask airways; PPV - Positive pressure ventilation; OLP - oropharyngeal leak pressure

Key words: LMA ProSeal™, LMA Supreme™, Oropharyngeal leak pressure; Airway; Aieway management

Citation: Singh A, Kaur J, Kaur S, Gupta KK. Safety and efficacy of LMA Supreme™ vs. LMA ProSeal™ for ambulatory surgeries in adult patients. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):63-68.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1769

Received: June 02, 2021, Reviewed: December 13, 2021, Accepted: December 15, 2021
Perioperative challenges in the management of a Jehovah’s Witness patient undergoing parenchyma sparing hepatectomy
Authors: Dassanayake Vihara , Sivaganesh Sivasuriya , Subasinghe Duminda , Pitigala Prabodha
Published: February 2022

Jehovah’s Witness patients presenting for liver surgery pose challenges to the anesthetists as well as the surgeons, due to their abstinence from receiving blood products. Despite this, surgery is the only curative option for operable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We report a case of a Jehovah’s Witness with multiple comorbidities who had a parenchyma sparing hepatectomy (PSH) complicated by intraoperative bleeding. A 52-year-old ASA II patient with hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease on dual antiplatelet therapy was scheduled for open PSH for multiple bilobar CRLMs. He was prehabilitated with an emphasis on enhancing erythropoiesis and improving his functional capacity. PSH was done using a Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) with intermittent Pringle maneuver, a low central venous pressure and restricted intravenous fluids. His postoperative recovery was complicated by a minor upper gastrointestinal bleed that was managed conservatively.

The authors certify that informed written consent has been obtained from patient for publication.

Keywords: Jehovah’s Witness; Liver surgery; Anesthesia; Hepatectomy

Citation: Dassanayake V, Sivaganesh S, Subasinghe D, Pitigala P. Perioperative challenges in the management of a Jehovah’s Witness patient undergoing parenchyma sparing hepatectomy. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):119–122 ;

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1787

Received: October 16, 2021, Reviewed: October 28, 2021, Accepted: November 07, 2021
The effect of flash sale on purchase decision moderated by product knowledge
Authors: Darpito Surpiko Hapsoro
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze and find out the effect of flash sales on purchase decisions moderated by product knowledge. This study is survey research with a questionnaire as the data collection tool. The population in this study is the Shopee marketplace users in Yogyakarta. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from the answers of 190 respondents with a purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study conclude that: (i) Flash sale has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision; I(i) Product knowledge is able to moderate the effect of a flash sale on purchase decision and has a positive and significant effect.
The influence of organizational environmental culture on employee performance mediated by green human resource management (GHRM) and job satisfaction
Authors: Hastuti Dewi Tri , Muafi Muafi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of organizational environmental culture on employee performance mediated by Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) practice and job satisfaction. This study uses census sampling with 89 respondents taken from the employees of PT Bank KB Bukopin in Yogyakarta. The data analysis used in this study is Structural Equation Model (SEM) method using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. There are 6 hypotheses tested in this study for each construct and correlation, and the results indicate that all hypotheses are accepted. The results are: (1) Organizational Environmental Culture has a positive influence on GHRM practice in Bank KB Bukopin in Yogyakarta, (2) Organizational Environmental Culture has a positive influence on Job Satisfaction in Bank KB Bukopin in Yogyakarta, (3) GHRM practice has a positive influence on Employee Performance in Bank KB Bukopin in Yogyakarta, (4) Job Satisfaction has a positive influence on Employee Performance in Bank KB Bukopin in Yogyakarta, (5) Organizational Environmental Culture has a positive influence on Employee Performance mediated by GHRM practices, and (6) Organizational Environmental Culture has a positive influence on Employee Performance mediated by Job Satisfaction.
Formation of garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 nanoparticles as an alternative structural stabilization route
Authors: Ledwaba RS , Ngoepe PE
Published: February 2022

The cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is an eminent candidate for next-generation solid state battery technology due to its therma stability and high ionic conductivity. As such, its operation mechanisms need to be thoroughly understood, particularly on the structural nstability challenge reported to occur at lower temperatures. Although it exists as either the tetragonal or cubic structures, the latter is favourable because of its higher Li+ conductivity rate. However, inability to retain thermodynamic stability in cubic phase at low temperatures (≤ 903,15 K) remains a challenge. As an alternative to extrinsic doping, as recently attempted in various studies, it has been discovered that decreasing the size to nano-level could remedy the phase stability challenge of cubic LLZO. Herein, we have modelled the bulk and nanostructured LLZO under various temperature conditions in the range 300 – 1500 K using the DL_ POLY molecular dynamics code, to understand the LLZO high temperature behaviour and track phase transformations. The molecular dynamics calculations performed on these materials revealed two distinct patterns of Li-ion transport on the diffusion coefficient plots. The trends in conductive ion diffusions show that nanostructured materials yield higher diffusion coefficients that the bulk structures. Findings of this study form a strong foundation towards the amorphization and recrystallization of these materials to monitor any change in structure post crystallization since the ability to retain both structural and conductivity rate are equally crucial.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Base Complexes of Co (II) and Cu (II) Derived from Salicyldehyde and Diphenylamine
Authors: Bala Uba
Published: February 2022

This paper reports antibacterial and antifungal activities of Schiff base and that’s of its metal (II) complexes (Co, Cu) derived from salicyldehyde and diphenylamine. The Schiff base and its metal (II) complexes were characterized using different analytical techniques like FTIR, melting point, solubility, and molar conductance, The Schiff base and its respective metals complexes were colored. The result from IR analysis revealed bands at 1614cm-1 indicating the formation of azomethine (C=N) confirming the formation of Schiff base. The band at 664cm-1indicate the formation of complex which is assign toV(M-N) supporting coordination of Schiff base to respective metals. The solubility test result showed that both the Schiff base and complexes are soluble in most organic solvent and insoluble in water. Both the schiff base and complexes revealed sharp melting point and decomposition temperature. The molar conductance data of the complexes in Dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO) show low value of 9 and 10 Ohm-1cm2 mol-1) indicating the complexes are non-electrolytes. The entire compound was tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results indicated that the growth of the tested organism was inhibited by the compounds.
Ameliorative Potential of Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Fractions of Methanol Leaf Extract of Combretum micranthum against Free Radicals
Authors: Bashir Musa , Ibrahim Aminu , Alhaji Jibril Abdullahi , Christopher Oche Inalegwu
Published: February 2022

Combretum micranthum (CM) is well known for its ethno-medicinal uses in the northwest of Nigeria with little or no scientific basis. Thus, the aim of this research is to evaluate the methanol leaf extract fractions of Combretum micranthum for possible antioxidant compounds. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging showed that ethyl acetate fraction has a higher radical scavenging activity then followed by aqueous fraction of 87.913±3.927 and 84.718±0.605 respectively, compared with ascorbic acid reference standard 80.351±0.732 at 2500ug/m1 concentration. In FRAP, the result showed that ethyl acetate has a higher antioxidant property of 0.818±0.035 followed by aqueous which is 0.800± 0.002 compared to ascorbic acid which is 0.426±0.000. The LC-MS profile revealed the presences of several compounds as follows: 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo- 2H, 3H, 7H- furo (3,2-g) chromen -9-yl)oxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid and (5- (1E) -3- (6- (3,4- dihydroxy -2,5- bis (hydroxymethyl) oxolan -2-yl) oxy) -3,4,5- trihydroxyoxan -2-yl) methoxy) -3- oxoprop -1- en -1- yl) -2-hydroxyphenyl) oxidane sulfonic acid in ethyl acetate fraction and Atavaquone, Fenarimol, 12-tricosanol, Myricetin, Histidylasparagine and Homocycteine thiolactone in aqueous fraction. The result of the docking revealed some potential and antioxidant activities of the fractions with significant binding interactions between compounds and alpha amylase & alpha glucosidase. Therefore based on the compounds identified by LCMS analysis coupled to the in-vitro antioxidant studies it can be concluded that these fractions of Combretum micranthum can be used against free radicals and potential in drug management.
Motivational Interviewing for Cessation of Tobacco Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Kapoor Dr. Vinamrata , Kumar Dr. Adarsh , BC Dr. Manjunath , Yadav Dr. Vipul , Sabbarwal Dr. Bhavna
Published: February 2022

Tobacco consumption takes away millions of lives worldwide each year. Several approaches have been adopted to curb this tobacco pandemic. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a technique that amalgamates several theories of behavior change and models of psychotherapy to overcome the ambivalence of these tobacco users, to motivate them to quit the habit. This article bestows an overview of MI, its principles, core skills, and essential strategies, explicating its application for tobacco cessation.
Some reflections on principles of Isthmo-Colombian Amerindian ontologies
Authors: Halbmayer Ernst
Published: February 2022

The search for ontological principles specifi c for the Isthmo-Colombian region developed slowly during the last decade and started from ethnographic data and anthropological experiences which diverge in specifi c ways from the ideal-typical ontological notions of animism or analogism. Th e paper present refl ections on a set of ontological principles, which – based on the current state of analysis – allow to characterize a variety of Isthmo-Colombian socio-cosmologies in non-essentialist terms and in delineation to Amazonian animism, which became used as interpretative frame also for contemporary indigenous groups further north. Th us, rather than proposing the existence of a specifi c and rigid Isthmo-Colombian ontology I will try to summarize a number of basic principles along which local socio-cosmologies diff er from the great ontological schemes like animism and analogism. By making some ontological links between the Isthmo- Colombian area and Mesoamerica visible the paper invites to rethink local principles in ontological terms, while avoiding the imposition of theoretically attractive, but only partially fi tting ontological schemata, which may cause selective misreadings and biased interpretations of local ontological principles.
Parallels in Public and Private Environmental Governance
Authors: Light Sarah , Orts Eric
Published: February 2022

Private actors, including business firms and non-governmental organizations, play an essential role in addressing today’s most serious environmental challenges. Yet scholars have not fully recognized the parallels between public environmental law and the standard-setting and enforcement functions of private environmental governance. “Instrument choice” in environmental law scholarship is generally understood to refer to government actors choosing among options from the public law “toolkit,” which includes prescriptive rules, the creation of property rights, the leveraging of markets, and informational regulation. Each of these major public law tools, however, has a parallel in private environmental governance. This Article first provides a descriptive account of these parallels, which highlights two underappreciated tools used by both public and private actors: procurement and insurance for environmental risks. It then considers the normative criteria that should inform choices among instruments by using the example of climate change. The resulting portrait of a multi-tiered, global regime of environmental governance with both public and private options promises greater flexibility and institutional power to address otherwise intractable environmental problems than the traditional paradigm of relying only on public regulation.
Economic Solutions to Nuclear Energy's Financial Challenges
Authors: Robock Zachary
Published: February 2022

This Note presents a legal, economic, and regulatory roadmap to drive long-term innovation in sustainable energy generation. Next-generation nuclear power, which fundamentally mitigates many safety and nuclear waste issues, is the focus of this Note; however, the economic concepts can be applied to encourage solar, wind, advanced battery, and other sustainable technologies with high upfront costs and low long-term variable costs. Advanced nuclear energy generation is economically competitive on a long-term levelized cost basis, but suffers from a timing issue—a large amount of capital is needed upfront, with repayment over several decades, during which time significant capital costs can accrue (e.g., compounding interest, often at unfavorably high interest rates). This Note offers solutions to offset capital costs in both regulated and deregulated energy markets, including tools to accelerate recognition of future revenue and to reduce interest rates.
Foiled by the Banks? How a Lender's Decision May Support or Undermine a Jurisdiction's Environmental Policies that Promote Green Buildings
Authors: Prum Darren
Published: February 2022

A United Nations Environmental Programme report addressing climate change states that the built environment in both emerging and developed countries accounts for more than forty percent of global energy usage and at least one third of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. The report further asserts that the built environment offers an unsurpassed opportunity to supply cost effective, lasting, and meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In response to this call to action, state and local governments in the U.S. have turned to a variety of policies to ensure that real estate developments within their jurisdictions further green building objectives. However, the availability of mortgage financing for the construction or acquisition of green buildings can undermine policymakers’ overarching environmental objectives. Lenders who misunderstand the unique risks and opportunities associated with green buildings may undercut these important environmental policies by denying real estate financing for worthy construction projects or acquisitions. Accordingly, this Article builds upon my previous work that addressed some of the financial aspects relating to green buildings such as performance bonds, insurance, and construction loans while now turning to the unique issues associated with mortgages and provides solutions that can mitigate risk exposure to acceptable levels so the lending community can further a more ecologically-friendly built environment.
Defining Ambiguity in Broken Statutory Frameworks and its Limits on Agency Action
Authors: Urban Amanda
Published: February 2022

“The Problem” occurs when a statute’s provisions become contradictory or unworkable in the context of new or unforeseen phenomena, yet the statute mandates agency action. The application of an unambiguous statutory provision may become problematic or unclear. Similarly, unambiguous provisions may become inconsistent given a particular application of the statute. During the same term, in Scialabba and UARG, the Supreme Court performed a Chevron review of agency interpretations of statutes facing three variations of the Problem, which this Note characterizes as direct conflict, internal inconsistency, and unworkability. In each case, the Court defined ambiguity in various, nontraditional ways and deferred to the agency’s reasonable interpretation of the statute.

The broadest definition of ambiguity provided by the Justices encompassed direct conflicts, internal inconsistencies, and unworkability. In contrast, the narrowest definition found ambiguity based only on internal inconsistency. Some Justices found no ambiguity, but allowed an agency more interpretive flexibility to resolve the Problem and accomplish the unambiguous mandate of the statute.

This Note contends that ambiguity in broken statutory frameworks may influence the traditional Chevron analysis; the Court may defer to an agency’s reasonable interpretation or allow an agency greater interpretive flexibility where it would not otherwise. But an agency does not have unlimited interpretive authority each time the Problem arises. Agency interpretations that alter or ignore unambiguous statutory text or functionally change the statute may still be impermissible under Chevron review. This Note raises agencies’ awareness regarding these nontraditional definitions of Chevron ambiguity, and discusses agency interpretive authority and limitations in the context of the Problem.
Returning to the Tribal Environmental "Laboratory": An Examination of Environmental Enforcement Techniques in Indian Country
Authors: Warner Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Governments, including tribes, need to protect one of humankind’s most valuable resources: the environment. In addition to environmental regulations, effective enforcement mechanisms are key to successful efforts to protect the environment. While much has been written about the environmental enforcement mechanisms of states and the federal government, little scholarly attention has been paid to how tribal governments are working to protect their environments. Given that there are 567 federally recognized tribes and approximately 56.2 million acres held in trust for tribes in the United States, such oversight is significant. This Article fills a scholarly void with a description of environmental enforcement techniques being utilized by tribes. It builds on past articles examining tribal environmental law and also the idea of tribes, who are uniquely situated to engage in meaningful experimentation, as valuable governmental laboratories of innovation. Such consideration is constructive given that the federal government’s innovation has stagnated, and other levels of government may learn valuable lessons by reviewing the work of tribes. Further, effective enforcement of tribal environmental law may be particularly important to tribes because of the strong connection to specific areas of land that exists for many tribes and individual tribal members.

To accomplish this examination of tribal environmental enforcement mechanisms, this Article provides a descriptive survey on the environmental enforcement provisions found in the tribal code provisions of tribes located within the boundaries of four states. This Article reviews the survey results from respondents for nine tribes to determine how effective the tribes’ environmental enforcement mechanisms have been. This Article concludes that tribes are actively incorporating environmental enforcement mechanisms into their tribal codes, but that they are modifying and adapting such mechanisms to best accomplish enforcement within Indian country.
GEO FENCING: A MARKETING TOOL
Authors: Dr.V.Suganya
Published: February 2022

Since the beginning of modern retailing, retailers have used geographic information to determine the trading area around their stores (Christensen and Tedlow 2000). Subsequently elaborated spatial marketing techniques have emerged and sophisticated models have been developed to address location based marketing efforts (Huff 1964, 1966; Applebaum 1966; Nakanishi, Cooper and Kassarjian 1974; Huff and Batsell 1977; Gautschi 1981; Malhotra 1983; Cliquet 1995, 2006; Baray and Cliquet 2006; Post and Kagan 2012). Today, the emergence of m-commerce and location based services (LBS) represent a new marketing challenge as well as opportunities for retailers. The ability to track customers’ moves through their smartphone Geographic Positioning System (GPS), allows retailers to refine their trading area and deliver timely and relevant promotional strategies to customers in their immediate vicinity through geofencing. This paper explores approaches for the effective integration of several focal areas of advanced analytics on currently achievable big data platforms to enable timely, and maximally effective, geofence-triggered interventions (push marketing) that leverages viral or exponential returns. The viral or exponential growth behavior of modern social media-based interactions has garnered much attention in both public and private circles. The potential for harnessing and controlling these epidemic-like dynamics of spread or diffusion represent a significant and, as yet, underdeveloped marketing approach. This is especially true in the context of geo-fencing strategies and designs. Despite the potential for highly-leveraged returns for location-based services (LBS) several barriers remain. Due to privacy concerns, legal issues, the immaturity of big analytics, and constraints presented by physical-level communications and geo-tracking enabling technology, LBS has remained underdeveloped and under-actualized. This reality is rapidly changing.
USAGE AND PERCEPTION OF GEOFENCING
Authors: Dr.V.Suganya
Published: February 2022

Geofencing is a location-based service in which an app or other software uses GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi or cellular data to trigger a pre-programmed action when a mobile device or RFID tag enters or exits a virtual boundary set up around a geographical location, known as a geofence. Depending on how a geofence is configured it can prompt mobile push notifications, trigger text messages or alerts, send targeted advertisements on social media, allow tracking on vehicle fleets, disable certain technology or deliver location-based marketing data.
Optimasi Formula Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum) Sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Indratmoko Septiana , Vegga Dwi Fadilla  , Lulu Setiyabudi
Published: February 2022

Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) merupakan tanaman yang cukup populer di Indonesia. Hasil ekstraksi daun salam diketahui memiliki kandungan flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid dimana senyawa-senyawa tersebut memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi di Indonesia yang merupakan negara tropis adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri seperti Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak daun salam memiliki tingkat kelarutan yang rendah sehingga ekstrak daun salam ini diformulasikan menjadi sediaan SNEDDS. Formulasi dalam bentuk nanoemulsi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas dari ekstrak etanol daun salam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi optimum formula SNEDDS ekstrak daun salam menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design beserta pengujian fisik nanoemulsi yang kemudian diujikan aktifitasnya sebagai agen antibakteri. Parameter uji fisik 14 formula diperoleh formula optimal SNEDDS ekstrak daun salam dengan komposisi 80% surfaktan, 10% kosurfaktan, dan 10% minyak pembawa dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,997, dimana komposisi tersebut dapat melarutkan ekstrak sebanyak 10 mg/mL dalam sistem SNEDDS. Parameter pengujian fisik formula optimal SNEDDS diperoleh nilai transmitan sebesar 90,4%, ukuran partikel sebesar 15,8 nm, nilai potensial zeta sebesar -15,56 mV dengan waktu emulsifikasi mencapai 26,43 detik dan pengamatan stabilitas yang didapatkan stabil. Untuk pengujian antibakteri diperoleh hasil bahwa sediaan SNEDSS ekstrak daun salam memiliki aktifitas sebagai antibakteri karena menghasilkan zona bening sebesar 15 mm.
The Influence of Parenting Styles Types on the Intelligence and Decision Making of the Deaf
Authors: Abu Drei Samer , Rahahleh Zahraa
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of types of parenting styles on intelligence and decision-making among the deaf. The tools comprised the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-4th edition (WISC-4) for deaf, using sign language, was used to assess deaf students’ intelligence and a scale of professional decision-making. The sample of the study included 157 deaf students in deaf schools in Jordan whose ages ranged from 13 to 16.11 years. WISC-4 was administered using sign language. The results showed that the democratic pattern was high, the level of intelligence for deaf students was average, and the professional decision-making was of a medium level. Also, there was a negative relationship between the authoritarian style, the permissive pattern, and the overall intelligence. There were statistically significant differences in the permissive type and the intelligence of the deaf due to gender in favor of females. Significant differences in speech comprehension, working memory, and overall intelligence were found in favor of mild hearing impairment. There were significant differences in the IQ level of the age variable in favor of students aged 13 years. The study recommends more research regarding the effect of hearing impairment on the psychological aspects of professional decision-making and providing hearing parents with training in sign language and rules for communicating with their deaf children.

Keywords: Sign language, Deaf, The family, Family upbringing, Wechsler Scale-4, Intelligence.
Developing a Diagnostic Criterion-Referenced Mathematics Test in Solving Equations Using the Attribute Hierarchy Method
Authors: Alzoubi Amal
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study aimed at developing a criterion test for solving equations systems according to the strategy of hierarchical constructive analysis for 10th-grade students. A diagnostic test was developed, consisting of 46 items distributed to six sub-skills. The test was administrated to 390 10th grade students in Irbid, were male 184, Jordan. The validity, reliability of the test, the validity, and efficiency of hierarchical construction of solving equations were verified. The study results revealed that the test might be good for diagnosing purposes in solving quadratic equations. The researcher suggested recommendations to universities, schools, and measurement centers to use this strategy in different subjects and apply the test to students.

Keywords: Diagnostic Criterion-Referenced Test, hierarchical model, cognitive diagnostic model, attribute hierarchy method, solving systems of equations.
Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab: Kemahiran Al-Kitâbah (Arabic Learning Strategy: Writing Skills)
Authors: Mustofa Dedi
Published: February 2022

Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, terdapat empat macam maharah atau kemahiran yang harus dikuasai oleh setiap pembelajar bahasa Arab. Empat kemahiran itu adalah kemahiran istima’, kalam, qira’ah, dan yang terakhir kemahiran kitabah. Kemahiran kitabah ini merupakan kemahiran yang tertinggi di antara keempat kemahiran berbahasa, yaitu istima’, kalam, dan qira’ah. Kitabah juga disebut sebagai kemahiran yang paling penting diantara kemahiran-kemahiran yang lain. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempelajari kemahiran kitabah, harus terlebih dahulu mempelajari tiga kemahiran lainnya. Karena terdapat kesinambungan di antara keempat kemahiran berbahasa tersebut. Proses pembelajaran kemahiran kitabah akan berbeda-beda sesuai dengan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan. Apakah menggunakan metode nahwu wa tarjamah,  metode mubasyarah atau metode sam’iyah syafawiyah. Terdapat beberapa tujuan pembelajaran kitabah berdasarkan tingkatannya yaitu tingkat pemula, tingkat menengah dan tingkat lanjut.