bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment Sarcopenia and MRI-Based Radiomics to Predict the Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Jiamin , Meng Wenjun , Li Qian , Zheng Yichen , Yin Hongkun , Liu Ying , Zhao Shuang , Ma Ji
Published: July 2024

The association between sarcopenia and the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains uncertain. This study aims to examine the potential of sarcopenia as a predictive factor for the response to NAC in TNBC, and to assess whether its combination with MRI radiomic signatures can improve the predictive accuracy. We collected clinical and pathological information, as well as pretreatment breast MRI and abdominal CT images, of 121 patients with TNBC who underwent NAC at our hospital between January 2012 and September 2021. The presence of pretreatment sarcopenia was assessed using the L3 skeletal muscle index. Clinical models were constructed based on independent risk factors identified by univariate regression analysis. Radiomics data were extracted on breast MRI images and the radiomics prediction models were constructed. We integrated independent risk factors and radiomic features to build the combined models. The results of this study demonstrated that sarcopenia is an independent predictive factor for NAC efficacy in TNBC. The combination of sarcopenia and MRI radiomic signatures can further improve predictive performance.
Modified Clover Technique Using Automated Suture Placement and Securing Technology in a Passive Beating Heart Model
Authors: Laengle Severin , Suria Aldo , Poschner Thomas , Tasdelen Sahra , Pitsis Antonios , Kocher Alfred , Andreas Martin
Published: July 2024

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent finding in echocardiography and in case of severe disease is associated with impaired patient outcome. Clover repair offers a surgical solution that can be applied for the treatment of primary and secondary TR. An ex vivo passive beating porcine heart model was created to test a modified clover technique using automated suturing devices and to compare this approach to standard ring annuloplasty. Secondary TR was induced in 10 porcine hearts and the backflow of fluid was assessed. The primary endpoint of this study was regurgitant volume measured in mL at the site right atrial cannula. The baseline regurgitation was 43.3 ± 10.8 mL. The mean regurgitant volume was significantly reduced after all repair procedures to 22.2 ± 5.9 mL with isolated ring annuloplasty, 12 ± 3.9 mL with the modified clover, and 7.6 ± 3.4 mL with the combined procedure (p < 0.0001). The modified clover technique shows how to effectively reduce TR in an ex vivo model. This method may be suitable to facilitate tricuspid repair, especially for totally endoscopic valve surgery.
Leverage Effective Deep Learning Searching Method for Forensic Age Estimation
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yong , Yan Chun-Xia , Min Qiao-Mei , Zhang Yu-Xiang , Jing Wen-Fan , Hou Wen-Xuan , Pan Ke-Yang
Published: July 2024

Dental age estimation is extensively employed in forensic medicine practice. However, the accuracy of conventional methods fails to satisfy the need for precision, particularly when estimating the age of adults. Herein, we propose an approach for age estimation utilizing orthopantomograms (OPGs). We propose a new dental dataset comprising OPGs of 27,957 individuals (16,383 females and 11,574 males), covering an age range from newborn to 93 years. The age annotations were meticulously verified using ID card details. Considering the distinct nature of dental data, we analyzed various neural network components to accurately estimate age, such as optimal network depth, convolution kernel size, multi-branch architecture, and early layer feature reuse. Building upon the exploration of distinctive characteristics, we further employed the widely recognized method to identify models for dental age prediction. Consequently, we discovered two sets of models: one exhibiting superior performance, and the other being lightweight. The proposed approaches, namely AGENet and AGE-SPOS, demonstrated remarkable superiority and effectiveness in our experimental results. The proposed models, AGENet and AGE-SPOS, showed exceptional effectiveness in our experiments. AGENet outperformed other CNN models significantly by achieving outstanding results. Compared to Inception-v4, with the mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.70 and 20.46 B FLOPs, our AGENet reduced the FLOPs by 2.7×. The lightweight model, AGE-SPOS, achieved an MAE of 1.80 years with only 0.95 B FLOPs, surpassing MobileNetV2 by 0.18 years while utilizing fewer computational operations. In summary, we employed an effective DNN searching method for forensic age estimation, and our methodology and findings hold significant implications for age estimation with oral imaging.
Helicobacter pylori-Induced Decrease in Membrane Expression of Na,K-ATPase Leads to Gastric Injury
Authors: Vagin Olga , Tokhtaeva Elmira , Larauche Muriel , Davood Joshua , Marcus Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2024

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent human gastric pathogen that causes gastritis, ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. It is not yet fully understood how H. pylori injures the gastric epithelium. The Na,K-ATPase, an essential transporter found in virtually all mammalian cells, has been shown to be important for maintaining the barrier function of lung and kidney epithelia. H. pylori decreases levels of Na,K-ATPase in the plasma membrane of gastric epithelial cells, and the aim of this study was to demonstrate that this reduction led to gastric injury by impairing the epithelial barrier. Similar to H. pylori infection, the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase with ouabain decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased paracellular permeability in cell monolayers of human gastric cultured cells, 2D human gastric organoids, and gastric epithelium isolated from gerbils. Similar effects were caused by a partial shRNA silencing of Na,K-ATPase in human gastric organoids. Both H. pylori infection and ouabain exposure disrupted organization of adherens junctions in human gastric epithelia as demonstrated by E-cadherin immunofluorescence. Functional and structural impairment of epithelial integrity with a decrease in Na,K-ATPase amount or activity provides evidence that the H. pylori-induced downregulation of Na,K-ATPase plays a role in the complex mechanism of gastric disease induced by the bacteria.
Zinc, Copper, and Calcium: A Triangle in the Synapse for the Pathogenesis of Vascular-Type Senile Dementia
Authors: Kawahara Masahiro , Tanaka Ken-ichiro , Kato-Negishi Midori
Published: July 2024

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential for normal brain functions. In particular, Zn and Cu are released to synaptic clefts during neuronal excitation. Synaptic Zn and Cu regulate neuronal excitability, maintain calcium (Ca) homeostasis, and play central roles in memory formation. However, in pathological conditions such as transient global ischemia, excess Zn is secreted to synaptic clefts, which causes neuronal death and can eventually trigger the pathogenesis of a vascular type of senile dementia. We have previously investigated the characteristics of Zn-induced neurotoxicity and have demonstrated that low concentrations of Cu can exacerbate Zn neurotoxicity. Furthermore, during our pharmacological approaches to clarify the molecular pathways of Cu-enhanced Zn-induced neurotoxicity, we have revealed the involvement of Ca homeostasis disruption. In the present review, we discuss the roles of Zn and Cu in the synapse, as well as the crosstalk between Zn, Cu, and Ca, which our study along with other recent studies suggest may underlie the pathogenesis of vascular-type senile dementia.
Skin Rejuvenation Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Kaempferia parviflora Standardized Extract (BG100) in Human 3D Skin Models and Clinical Trial
Authors: Klinngam Wannita , Rungkamoltip Phetploy , Wongwanakul Ratjika , Joothamongkhon Jaruwan , Du-a-man Sakkarin , Khongkow Mattaka , Asawapirom Udom , Iempridee Tawin , Ruktanonchai Uracha
Published: July 2024

Polymethoxyflavones from Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes have been shown to effectively combat aging in skin cells and tissues by inhibiting senescence, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing skin structure and function. This study assessed the anti-aging effects and safety of standardized K. parviflora extract (BG100), enriched with polymethoxyflavones including 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone, 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone, and 3,5,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone. We evaluated BG100’s impact on skin rejuvenation and antioxidant properties using photoaged human 3D full-thickness skin models. The potential for skin irritation and sensitization was also assessed through studies on reconstructed human epidermis and clinical trials. Additionally, in vitro genotoxicity testing was performed following OECD guidelines. Results indicate that BG100 promotes collagen and hyaluronic acid production, reduces oxidative stress, and minimizes DNA damage in photoaged full-thickness 3D skin models. Furthermore, it exhibited non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties, as supported by tests on reconstructed human epidermis and clinical settings. BG100 also passed in vitro genotoxicity tests, adhering to OECD guidelines. These results underscore BG100′s potential as a highly effective and safe, natural anti-aging agent, suitable for inclusion in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical products aimed at promoting skin rejuvenation.
COMT and Neuregulin 1 Markers for Personalized Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Treated with Risperidone Monotherapy
Authors: Bondrescu Mariana , Dehelean Liana , Farcas Simona Sorina , Papava Ion , Nicoras Vlad , Mager Dana Violeta , Grecescu Anca Eliza , Podaru Petre Adrian , Andreescu Nicoleta Ioana
Published: July 2024

Pharmacogenetic markers are current targets for the personalized treatment of psychosis. Limited data exist on COMT and NRG1 polymorphisms in relation to risperidone treatment. This study focuses on the impact of COMT rs4680 and NRG1 (rs35753505, rs3924999) polymorphisms on risperidone treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study included 103 subjects with SSD treated with risperidone monotherapy. COMT rs4680, NRG1 rs35753505, and rs3924999 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Participants were evaluated via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) after six weeks. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. COMT rs4680 genotypes significantly differed in PANSS N scores at admission: AG>AA genotypes (p = 0.03). After six weeks of risperidone, PANSS G improvement was AA>GG (p = 0.05). The PANSS total score was as follows: AA>AG (p = 0.04), AA>GG (p = 0.02). NRG1 rs35753504 genotypes significantly differed across educational levels, with CC>CT (p = 0.02), and regarding the number of episodes, TT>CC, CT>CC (p = 0.01). The PANSS total score after six weeks of treatment showed a better improvement for TT<CT genotypes (p = 0.01). NRG1 rs3924999 genotypes revealed GG<AG (p = 0.02) for PANSS G scores after six weeks, with AG and GG requiring higher doses (p = 0.007, p = 0.02). Overall, our study suggests that the genetic polymorphisms COMT rs4680, NRG1 rs35753505, and rs3924999 significantly impact the treatment response to risperidone in patients with SSD.
Anti-Biofilm Perspectives of Propolis against Staphylococcus epidermidis Infections
Authors: Vadillo-Rodríguez Virginia , Fernández-Babiano Irene , Pérez-Giraldo Ciro , Fernández-Calderón María Coronada
Published: July 2024

Staphylococcus epidermis has emerged as the main causative agent of medical device-related infections. Their major pathogenicity factor lies in its ability to adhere to surfaces and proliferate into biofilms, which increase their resistance to antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use and the mechanism of action of an ethanolic extract of Spanish propolis (EESP) as a potential alternative for preventing biofilm-related infections caused by S. epidermidis. The chemical composition of propolis is reported and its antibacterial activity against several strains of S. epidermidis with different biofilm-forming capacities evaluated. The influence of sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of EESP on their growth, physicochemical surface properties, adherence, and biofilm formation were studied. EESP interferes with planktonic cells, homogenizing their physicochemical surface properties and introducing a significant delay in their growth. The adherence and biofilms at the EESP concentrations investigated were decreased up to 90.5% among the strains. Microscopic analysis indicated that the planktonic cells that survived the treatment were the ones that adhere and proliferate on the surfaces. The results obtained suggest that the EESP has a high potential to be used as an inhibitor of both the adhesion and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis.
Guanidinium Chloride-Induced Haemolysis Assay to Measure New Permeation Pathway Functionality in Rodent Malaria Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Trickey Mitchell L. , Counihan Natalie A. , Modak Joyanta K. , de Koning-Ward Tania F.
Published: July 2024

Parasite-derived new permeation pathways (NPPs) expressed at the red blood cell (RBC) membrane enable Plasmodium parasites to take up nutrients from the plasma to facilitate their survival. Thus, NPPs represent a potential novel therapeutic target for malaria. The putative channel component of the NPP in the human malaria parasite P. falciparum is encoded by mutually exclusively expressed clag3.1/3.2 genes. Complicating the study of the essentiality of these genes to the NPP is the addition of three clag paralogs whose contribution to the P. falciparum channel is uncertain. Rodent malaria P. berghei contains only two clag genes, and thus studies of P. berghei clag genes could significantly aid in dissecting their overall contribution to NPP activity. Previous methods for determining NPP activity in a rodent model have utilised flux-based assays of radioisotope-labelled substrates or patch clamping. This study aimed to ratify a streamlined haemolysis assay capable of assessing the functionality of P. berghei NPPs. Several isotonic lysis solutions were tested for their ability to preferentially lyse infected RBCs (iRBCs), leaving uninfected RBCs (uRBCs) intact. The osmotic lysis assay was optimised and validated in the presence of NPP inhibitors to demonstrate the uptake of the lysis solution via the NPPs. Guanidinium chloride proved to be the most efficient reagent to use in an osmotic lysis assay to establish NPP functionality. Furthermore, following treatment with guanidinium chloride, ring-stage parasites could develop into trophozoites and schizonts, potentially enabling use of guanidinium chloride for parasite synchronisation. This haemolysis assay will be useful for further investigation of NPPs in P. berghei and could assist in validating its protein constituents.
Advances in Molecular Research on Hip Joint Impingement—A Vascular Perspective
Authors: Huzum Riana Maria , Hînganu Marius Valeriu , Huzum Bogdan , Hînganu Delia
Published: July 2024

With the rise in longevity within the population, medicine continues to encounter fresh hurdles necessitating prompt actions, among which are those associated with hip joint aging. Age-related arthropathies encompass damage to bones’ articulating extremities and their supporting structures, such as articular cartilage, and alterations in the quantity and quality of synovial fluid. This study aims to summarize the biomolecular methods of hip joint evaluation focused on its vascularization, using data correlated with biomolecular research on other joints and tissues, in order to reach an objective opinion of the study prospects in this field. Following a retrospective study on most modern biomolecular research methods on the synovium, the capsule, and the articular cartilage of the hip joint, we have hereby concretized certain future research directions in this field that will improve the qualitative and morphofunctional management of the hip joint at an advanced age, even within population categories at risk of developing various degenerative joint pathologies.
Exploring the Antiangiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Homoisoflavonoids: Target Identification Using Biotin Probes
Authors: Fei Xiang , Kwon Sangil , Jang Jinyoung , Seo Minyoung , Yu Seongwon , Corson Timothy W. , Seo Seung-Yong
Published: July 2024

Chemical proteomics using biotin probes of natural products have significantly advanced our understanding of molecular targets and therapeutic potential. This review highlights recent progress in the application of biotin probes of homoisoflavonoids for identifying binding proteins and elucidating mechanisms of action. Notably, homoisoflavonoids exhibit antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. A combination of biotin probes, pull-down assays, mass spectrometry, and molecular modeling has revealed how natural products and their derivatives interact with several proteins such as ferrochelatase (FECH), soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). These target identification approaches pave the way for new therapeutic avenues, especially in the fields of oncology and ophthalmology. Future research aimed at expanding the repertoire of target identification using biotin probes of homoisoflavonoids promises to further elucidate the complex mechanisms and develop new drug candidates.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Modular Titanium Alloy Plates for Osteosynthesis of the Jawbone
Authors: Dobrzyński Maciej , Szymonowicz Maria , Nowicka Joanna , Pajączkowska Magdalena , Nikodem Anna , Kuropka Piotr , Wawrzyńska Magdalena , Rusak Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Backgrounds: The titanium–aluminum–vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is frequently used in implantology due to its biocompatibility. The use of 3D printing enables the mechanical modification of implant structures and the adaptation of their shape to the specific needs of individual patients. Methods: The titanium alloy plates were designed using the 3D CAD method and printed using a 3D SLM printer. Qualitative tests were performed on the material surface using a microcomputed tomography scanner. The cytotoxicity of the modular titanium plates was investigated using the MTT assay on the L929 cell line and in direct contact with Balb/3T3 cells. Cell adhesion to the material surface was evaluated with hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts. Microbial biofilm formation was investigated on strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans using the TTC test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The surface analysis showed the hydrophobic nature of the implant. The study showed that the titanium plates had no cytotoxic properties. In addition, the material surface showed favorable properties for osteoblast adhesion. Among the microorganisms tested, the strains of S. mutans and S. epidermidis showed the highest adhesion capacity to the plate surface, while the fungus C. albicans showed the lowest adhesion capacity. Conclusions: The manufactured modular plates have properties that are advantageous for the implantation and reduction in selected forms of microbial biofilm. Three-dimensional-printed modular titanium plates were investigated in this study and revealed the potential clinical application of this type of materials, regarding lack of cytotoxicity, high adhesion properties for osteoblasts and reduction in biofilm formation. The 3D CAD method allows us to personalise the shape of implants for individual patients.
Efficient Bioactive Surface Coatings with Calcium Minerals: Step-Wise Biomimetic Transformation of Vaterite to Carbonated Apatite
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Min Ki Ha , Pack Seung Pil
Published: July 2024

Carbonated apatite (CAp), known as the main mineral that makes up human bone, can be utilized in conjunction with scaffolds to increase their bioactivity. Various methods (e.g., co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and biomimetic coatings) have been used to provide bioactivity by forming CAp on surfaces similar to bone minerals. Among them, the use of simulated body fluids (SBF) is the most popular biomimetic method for generating CAp, as it can provide a mimetic environment. However, coating methods using SBF require at least a week for CAp formation. The long time it takes to coat biomimetic scaffolds is a point of improvement in a field that requires rapid regeneration. Here, we report a step-wise biomimetic coating method to form CAp using calcium carbonate vaterite (CCV) as a precursor. We can manufacture CCV-transformed CAp (V-CAp) on the surface in 4 h at least by immersing CCV in a phosphate solution. The V-CAp deposited surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images according to the type of phosphate solutions to optimize the reaction conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis validated the conversion of CCV to V-CAp on surfaces. In addition, the bioactivity of V-CAp coating was analyzed by the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. V-CAp showed 2.3-folded higher cell proliferation and 1.4-fold higher ALP activity than the glass surface. The step-wise method of CCV-transformed CAp is a biocompatible method that allows the environment of bone regeneration and has the potential to confer bioactivity to biomaterial surfaces, such as imparting bioactivity to non-bioactive metal or scaffold surfaces within one day. It can rapidly form carbonated apatite, which can greatly improve time efficiency in research and industrial applications.
Indole-3-Carbinol and Its Derivatives as Neuroprotective Modulators
Authors: Singh Alka Ashok , Yadav Dhananjay , Khan Fazlurrahman , Song Minseok
Published: July 2024

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway play pivotal roles in the resilience and action of antidepressant drugs, making them prominent targets in psychiatric research. Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and mental illnesses, and exacerbates the aging process. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) serves as the primary cellular defense mechanism against OS-induced brain damage. Thus, Nrf2 activation may confer endogenous neuroprotection against OS-related cellular damage; notably, the TrkB/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, stimulated by BDNF-dependent TrkB signaling, activates Nrf2 and promotes its nuclear translocation. However, insufficient neurotrophin support often leads to the downregulation of the TrkB signaling pathway in brain diseases. Thus, targeting TrkB activation and the Nrf2-ARE system is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Phytochemicals, including indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolite, diindolylmethane (DIM), exhibit neuroprotective effects through BDNF’s mimetic activity; Akt phosphorylation is induced, and the antioxidant defense mechanism is activated by blocking the Nrf2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) complex. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of I3C and its derivatives for concurrently activating neuronal defense mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Research on the Renewal of Multi-Story High-Density Urban Landscape Based on Property Rights Land—A Case Study of the Self-Built Liu Houses in Zherong, Fujian Province
Authors: Li Ningyuan , Cao Zhenyu , Wang Ka
Published: July 2024

Unlike in Western countries, land ownership in China is overwhelmingly vested in the state, and individuals cannot directly own private lands and build houses. Therefore, developers will contract the land to the government and build it into collective apartments. Against this backdrop, a different kind of multi-story, high-density self-built residential buildings is widespread in small towns along the southeast coast of China. These buildings were built between 1980 and 2000 by residents who acquired land-use rights from the government for compensation. The uniqueness of these buildings is what makes them incompatible with the most mainstream, government-led urban renewal model in China, resulting in a large area of dilapidated and aging areas. Zherong County, Ningde, Fujian Province, is a typical example town, with a large number of such self-built houses, known locally as Liu Houses. In this study, these residential areas were selected as typical research objects of “characteristics of residential small towns”. Combined with the property rights of the sample cases, the methods of diagram and quantitative analysis are used to summarize the causes of the three types of residential areas from the aspects of regional planning, land division, building construction, and renovation. In the early days, the planning of the Liu House was greatly influenced by the residents, and the construction and renovation of the building was led by the residents, which strengthened the diversity of the style. In the middle period, the government had relatively dominant control over the planning of Liu Houses, and supervision was conducted during the construction and renovation process, resulting in a relatively balanced power between residents and the government. In the later period, the houses were built and operated by the developer, and the residents no longer directly participated in the construction and renovation, so the unity of style was strengthened. At the same time, the study finds that, in the process of the formation of the style of the residential area, on the one hand, the property rights directly affect the style through its own physical land attributes, and on the other hand, it becomes the basis of the game between the government, residents, and the county environment through its own property rights, thus indirectly affecting the style. In conclusion, this paper may provide theoretical support and design reference for the renewal of the characteristic features of residential small towns.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Stress Concentration Factors of Offshore Steel Tubular Column-to-Steel Beam (STCSB) Connections
Authors: Hu Chao , Xia Qian , Zeng Erxian , Zhu Jielong , Yu Songsong , Zhang Lei , Xu Fei
Published: July 2024

Steel tubular column-to-steel beam (STCSB) connections are critical parts in offshore structures, where complex component connections and the stress concentration are of significant concern. This study conducted stress concentration tests on welded STCSB connections and subsequently developed a finite element (FE) model for the connections, with the experimental results validating the accuracy of the model. The discussion focused on the influence of parameters such as the width-to-diameter ratio of the beam to the column, the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the column, the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the column to the beam, and the height-to-thickness ratio of the beam web on the fatigue performance. The study proposed optimization methods including the addition of stiffeners and outer flange plates. The findings indicate that optimized connection configurations can effectively mitigate stress concentration in the connected areas, thereby enhancing the structural stability and fatigue life. The width-to-diameter ratio of the beam to the column and the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the column significantly affect the fatigue performance of welded STCSB connections, with an increased width-to-diameter ratio of the beam to the column or a reduced diameter-to-thickness ratio of the column leading to a substantial decrease in the maximum stress concentration factors (SCFs). The addition of stiffeners and adjustment of the outer flange plate can improve stress concentration effects in the connection area.
Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Students’ Performance in Educational Buildings: Focus on LCA, IoT, and BIM
Authors: Vestfal Paulius , Seduikyte Lina
Published: July 2024

In the evolving field of civil engineering studies, a significant transition is evident from fundamental to new-generation research approaches. This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at analyzing these shifts, focusing specifically on the performance of students in educational buildings thought the integration of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things, life cycle assessments, and building information modeling. Covering the literature from the late twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, the review emphasizes advancements in sustainable infrastructure, eco-friendly designs, digitalization, and advanced modeling. A comparative analysis reveals that while the fundamental articles are primarily focused on indoor air quality parameters, the new-generation articles prioritize technological integration to address broader environmental concerns and for improved building performance. Challenges in the education sector, such as insufficient energy use, high maintenance costs, and poor working conditions, are also discussed, showcasing their impact on student learning outcomes. The methodology employed for this review included a comprehensive search in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, using keywords such as “school buildings”, “IoT”, “BIM”, and “LCA”, ensuring a robust and diverse collection of academic articles. The findings show that new trends supplement existing topics, suggesting an integration rather than a replacement of traditional practices. Consequently, future research efforts will need to include a broader range of information to fully account for the evolving landscape in this field.
A BIM Package with a NEC4 Contract Option to Mitigate Construction Disputes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abougamil Reda Abdelshafy , Thorpe David , Heravi Amirhossein
Published: July 2024

The construction sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), valued at USD 152 billion and employing 2.54 million people by 2023, is crucial to its economy. However, it faces challenges such as delays, disputes, and cost overruns. This study aims to address these issues by implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the KSA, based on an extensive literature review highlighting the role and significance of BIM in mitigating construction claims. BIM improves collaboration, communication, and data integration among stakeholders. Hence, this study proposes a comprehensive BIM Package framework comprising Revit Architecture, Microsoft Project, and Cost-X to reduce claims effectively. Validated through a KSA claims case study with a USD 1,870,000 claims value and 360-day delay, the BIM Package significantly reduced the claims value to USD 188,000 and saved 275 days. Interview sessions were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the BIM Package; 95% favored the use of BIM, 86% supported NEC4 contract adoption alongside BIM, 100% acknowledged BIM’s potential in reducing design errors, 95% were confident in the case study’s accuracy, and 82% were satisfied with data accuracy. This study confirms that BIM is an effective approach for minimizing construction claims in the KSA.
Structural Damage Identification Using Autoencoders: A Comparative Study
Authors: Spínola Neto Marcos , Finotti Rafaelle , Barbosa Flávio , Cury Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Structural health monitoring (SHM) ensures the safety and reliability of civil infrastructure. Autoencoders, as unsupervised learning models, offer promise for SHM by learning data features and reducing dimensionality. However, comprehensive studies comparing autoencoder models in SHM are scarce. This study investigates the effectiveness of four autoencoder-based methodologies, combined with Hotelling’s T2 statistical tool, to detect and quantify structural changes in three civil engineering structures. The methodologies are evaluated based on computational costs and their abilities to identify structural anomalies accurately. Signals from the structures, collected by accelerometers, feed the autoencoders for unsupervised classification. The latent layer values of the autoencoders are used as parameters in Hotelling’s T2, and results are compared between classes to assess structural changes. Average execution times of each model were calculated for computational efficiency. Despite variations, computational cost did not hinder any methodology. The study demonstrates that the best fitting model, VAE-T2, outperforms its counterparts in identifying and quantifying structural changes. While the AE, SAE, and CAE models showed limitations in quantifying changes, they remain relevant for detecting anomalies. Continuous application and development of these techniques contribute to SHM advancements, enabling the increased safety, cost-effectiveness, and long-term durability of civil engineering structures.
Development of a γ-Al2O3-Based Heterogeneous Fenton-like Catalyst and Its Application in the Advanced Treatment of Maotai-Flavored Baijiu Wastewater
Authors: Luo Benfu , Yan Yujing , Li Jinyin , Guo Fei , Huang Weiwei , Yang Xi , Ning Haiyan , Kang Qicheng , He Haixing , Zhou Xuanyu , Zhou Xiang , Wang Shijie , Liu Yuhang
Published: July 2024

Heterogeneous Fenton technology was employed for the advanced treatment of Maotai-flavored Baijiu wastewater. Novel catalysts were prepared by loading different active ingredients (Mn, Fe, and Cu) on γ-Al2O3 using an impregnation method. The effects of active ingredient, reaction time, initial pH, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, and other factors on the reaction were examined. The properties of the new catalysts were analyzed using BET analysis, XPS, and SEM. Moreover, the mechanisms of Fenton-like oxidation and its reaction kinetics were explored through experiments and analyses including GC–MS and intermediate active species scavenging by tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and/or para-benzoquinone. The results revealed that the most effective removal of organic matter was achieved with a Mn-Fe/Al (2:1 wt%) catalyst dosage of 30 g/100 g water, pH of 5.0, H2O2 dosage of 0.3 g/L, and reaction time of 60 min; the effluent COD value was 12 ± 1 mg/L, and the degradation rate was 65.7 ± 3%, approximately 14% higher than that of the conventional Fenton catalyst under similar conditions; moreover, the catalytic efficacy remained high after seven cycles. Kinetic analysis indicated that the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation reaction followed a third-order kinetics model, with R2 = 0.9923 and K = 0.0006 min−1.
In Vivo Monitoring of Fabp7 Expression in Transgenic Zebrafish
Authors: Pose-Méndez Sol , Rehbock Michel , Wolf-Asseburg Alexandra , Köster Reinhard W.
Published: July 2024

In zebrafish, like in mammals, radial glial cells (RGCs) can act as neural progenitors during development and regeneration in adults. However, the heterogeneity of glia subpopulations entails the need for different specific markers of zebrafish glia. Currently, fluorescent protein expression mediated by a regulatory element from the glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) gene is used as a prominent glia reporter. We now expand this tool by demonstrating that a regulatory element from the mouse Fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7) gene drives reliable expression in fabp7-expressing zebrafish glial cells. By using three different Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated fluorescent protein reporter strains, we reveal in double transgenic zebrafish that progenitor cells expressing fluorescent proteins driven by the Fabp7 regulatory element give rise to radial glia, oligodendrocyte progenitors, and some neuronal precursors. Furthermore, Bergmann glia represent the almost only glial population of the zebrafish cerebellum (besides a few oligodendrocytes), and the radial glia also remain in the mature cerebellum. Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated reporter protein expression in Bergmann glia progenitors suggests their origin from the ventral cerebellar proliferation zone, the ventricular zone, but not from the dorsally positioned upper rhombic lip. These new Fabp7 reporters will be valuable for functional studies during development and regeneration.
Microstructure, Hardness and EIS Evaluation of Ti-15Zr-5Nb Dental Alloy
Authors: Hulka Iosif , Mirza-Rosca Julia C. , Saceleanu Adriana , Uțu Ion-Dragoș
Published: July 2024

Ti alloys have been widely used in biomedical applications due to their special properties. They have specific properties such as biocompatibility, biofunctionality and high corrosion resistance, which enable them to function inside the human body. Among them, Ti-6Al-4V is probably one of the most widely used alloys for implants. However, aluminum and vanadium ions have been reported to cause problems and adverse reactions in the human body over long periods. Thus, in the present study, Ti–15Zr–10Nb alloy synthesized by high vacuum melting was manufactured and characterized by different techniques. The phase composition was determined by XRD. This showed the presence of α and β phases in the alloy, consistent with the microstructural study. From a microstructural point of view, the alloy shows lamellar and acicular structures with α-grain boundaries. Vickers microhardness measurements showed an increased hardness compared to Ti-CP. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior was evaluated using HCl as an electrolyte. The obtained results were compared to Ti-CP tested in the same electrochemical condition. The studies indicated that Ti-CP presents a nobler electrochemical behavior than Ti-15Zr-5Nb. Thus, despite the very good corrosion properties of Ti-15Zr-5Nb in a simulated oral environment and Ringer’s solutions, the present study reveals that the Ti-15Zr-5Nb alloy has lower corrosion resistance in aggressive media when compared to Ti-CP.
One-Step Fabrication for CsPbBr3 Perovskite Thin Film via a Facile Ion-Solution Spraying Approach
Authors: Chen Jin , Xu Jinpeng , Sun Yu , Wang Fengchao , Yang Jing , Dou Yunchen , Zhang Canyun , Kong Jinfang
Published: July 2024

In the current work, a facile ion-solution spraying strategy was employed for one-step fabrication of CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films under atmosphere. The dependences of sample properties on annealing parameters (toleration temperature and duration time) were investigated in detail. As the results suggested, the sample prepared at 200 °C for 15 min featured better properties than others. The sample displayed a cubic phase with good crystallinity, a dense and compact morphology, a bandgap energy of 2.289 eV, and an average decay lifetime of 55.536 ns. Furthermore, the sample presented a Br-rich state, which was favorable for the carrier behavior and structure stability.
A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm-Based Predictive Model and Parameter Optimization for Forming Quality of SLM Aluminum Anodes
Authors: Xia Qingfeng , Li Yin , Sun Ning , Song Zhiqiang , Zhu Kui , Guan Jiahui , Li Peng , Tang Sida , Han Jitai
Published: July 2024

Aluminum–air batteries are characterized as “green energy for the 21st century” due to their clear advantages in terms of high current discharge, high specific energy, low cost, and easy-to-obtain electrode materials. This study develops the SLM aluminum anode quality prediction model and evaluates its learning and training results using the BP neural network architecture. By altering the network topology of the SLM aluminum anode quality prediction model, we create a process parameter backpropagation model that takes advantage of the extremely adaptable capabilities of artificial neural networks. The quick and exact selection of process parameters meets the goals of density, self-corrosion current, and anode usage, hence improving the forming quality and processing efficiency of SLM aluminum anodes. The experimental results show that the process parameter backpropagation model’s parameter configurations match to the real densities and self-corrosion currents, which are somewhat higher than the specified target values. The maximum error rate for the aluminum anode forming quality prediction model is 8.23%. Furthermore, the actual anode utilization rate is somewhat lower than the projected target value, indicating that the backpropagation model can satisfy actual production needs.
Predictive Value of Sonographic Parameters on the Effects of Cranial Molding Helmet Therapy in Infants with Positional Plagiocephaly
Authors: Licci Maria , Paasche Agnes , Szathmari Alexandru , Beuriat Pierre-Aurélien , Mottolese Carmine , Guzman Raphael , Di Rocco Federico
Published: July 2024

Positional plagiocephaly is a deformational cranial flattening frequently treated in pediatric neurosurgical practice. Positional maneuvers and orthotic helmet therapy are preferred therapeutic options for moderate-to-severe forms. Treatment response seems to be age-dependent. Nevertheless, predictive data are vague, and cost-efficiency might be a limiting factor for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the early predictive value of sonographic parameters on the efficacy of orthotic helmet therapy through the assessment of changes in skull shape and correlation of the parameters with caliper cephalometry values and with age. A consecutive cohort of 49 patients < 10 months of age, undergoing orthotic helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly, was recruited prospectively. The authors routinely assessed the patency of the lambdoid sutures by ultrasound and the following additional skull parameters were measured: suture width, adjacent full bone thickness, adjacent cortical bone thickness and occipital angle. Caliper cephalometric values, as well as demographic and clinical data were collected. Retrospective data analysis showed an inverse relation between both cortical and full skull bone thickness and early treatment efficacy, defined by a reduction in the occipital angle. The improvement of sonographic parameters correlated with the development of cranial caliper cephalometry values. In conclusion, the sonographic assessment of skull bone thickness is a safe and cost-effective tool to predict the early efficacy of orthotic helmet therapy in positional plagiocephaly and might, therefore, help the clinician to foresee the potential evolution of the deformity.
Blue Wavelength of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Potentially Detects Arteriosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Horie Shintaro , Suzuki Yudai , Yoshida Takeshi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: The fundus examination is one of the best and popular methods in the assessment of vascular status in the human body. Direct viewing of retinal vessels by ophthalmoscopy has been utilized in judging hypertensive change or arteriosclerosis. Recently, fundus imaging with the non-mydriatic scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) has been widely used in ophthalmological clinics since it has multimodal functions for optical coherence tomography or angiography with contrast agent dye. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility in detecting arteriosclerosis of retinal vessels in SLO images; (2) Methods: Both color and blue standard field SLO images of eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were examined retrospectively. Retinal arteriosclerosis in color SLO images was graded according to the Scheie classification. Additionally, characteristics of retinal arterioles in blue SLO images were identified and examined for their relevance to arteriosclerosis grades, stages of DR or general complications; (3) Results: Relative to color fundus images, blue SLO images showed distinct hyper-reflective retinal arterioles against a monotone background. Irregularities of retinal arterioles identified in blue SLO images were frequently observed in the eyes of patients with severe arteriosclerosis (Grade 3: 79.0% and Grade 4: 81.8%). Furthermore, the findings on arterioles were more frequently associated with the eyes of DR patients with renal dysfunction (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: While color SLO images are equally as useful in assessing retinal arteriosclerosis as photography or ophthalmoscopy, the corresponding blue SLO images show arteriosclerotic lesions with high contrast in a monotone background. Retinal arteriosclerosis in eyes of advanced grades or advanced DR frequently show irregularities of retinal arterioles in the blue images. The findings of low, uneven, or discontinuous attenuation were easier to find in blue than in color SLO images. Consequently, blue SLO images can show pathological micro-sclerosis in retinal arterioles and are potentially one of the safe and practical methods for the vascular assessment of diabetic patients.
Collision Tumor of the Ovary: Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Yujin , Alam Mohammad Rizwan , Kim Jin-Hwi , Kim Chan Joo , Lee Su Lim , Yim Kwangil
Published: July 2024

Collision tumors of the ovaries are rare, with only a few reports in the literature. Adult granulosa cell tumors are a relatively common primary tumor component of previously reported collision tumors. The combination of serous and mucinous tumors with adult granulosa cell tumors has been reported in several cases. On the other hand, mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas are rare neoplasms that commonly arise in the uterine corpus and ovaries. In this report, we present the case of a collision tumor composed of an adult granulosa cell tumor and mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary in a 63-year-old woman. The initial magnetic resonance imaging findings showed a cystic mass with an internal hemorrhage, which suggested an adult granulosa cell tumor, and a solid mass with different enhancements. Microscopically, the tumor had two distinct components: An adult granulosa cell tumor and a mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma. Recognizing collision tumors consisting of slow-growing and aggressive tumors may prove beneficial in future diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control of Hypersonic Vehicle Based on a Universal Prescribe Time Architecture
Authors: Guo Fangyue , Zhang Wenqian , Lv Maolong , Zhang Ruiqi
Published: July 2024

An adaptive tracking control strategy with a prescribe tracking error and the convergence time is proposed for hypersonic vehicles with state constraints and actuator failures. The peculiarity is that constructing a new time scale coordinate translation mapping method, which maps the prescribe time on the finite field to the time variable on the infinite field, and the convergence problem of the prescribe time is transformed into the conventional system convergence problem. The improved Lyapunov function, the improved tuning function, and the adaptive fault-tolerant mechanism are further constructed. Combined with the neural network, the prescribe time tracking control of the speed subsystem and the height subsystem are realized respectively. Combined with the Barbalat lemma and Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved. The simulation results have proven that, compared with other control strategies, it can ensure that the tracking error converges to the prescribe interval in the prescribe time and meets the constraints of the whole state of the system.