bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of cutting size, number of buds and potatoes on sprouting and adventitious root formation of rose semi hardwood cuttings
Authors: Wali Emal , Shafiqi Shafigul , Ahmadi Ahmad Yar
Published: August 2021

In this experiment the combined effect of cutting size (15, 20 and 25 cm), number of buds on cuttings (1, 2 and 3) and planting soft wood cutting in potatoes and without potatoes was studied relative to the sprouting of axillary buds and adventitious root formation of 3 months old rose semi hardwood cuttings. The experiment was replicated at two different times. First, the experiment was conducted in 2016 to study the effects of high elevation. Furthermore, the roses were cultivated in high elevation and was planted in low elevation. While in the second experiment the roses were cultivated in low elevation and was planted in the same elevation. In the first experiment, even though, most of the cuttings sprouted in the initial stage of development, but none of them produced roots. In the second experiment, cuttings planted in soil, leaves were developed and also most of them produced roots, while those cutting planted in potatoes, most of the cuttings sprouted in the initial stage of development, but none of them produced roots. In terms of cutting size and bud number, from the second experiment it was revealed that the numbers of bud and cutting size have significant effects on both shoot length (p < 0.001), (p= 0.009) and root formation (p< 0.001), (p= 0.022) , respectively. It was also found out that the two factors together (bud number and cutting size) have significant effect (p < 0.001) on both shoot elongation and root formation. The test of least significant difference (LSD) suggested that those treatments having 15 cm cutting size and 2 buds are significantly different in terms of both sprouting and roots formation.
The reasons of reduced carpet production in Afghanistan: A case study of Aqcha district
Authors: Intezar Aburaihan , Sharaf Mohammad Ibrahim , Hakeemi Abdul Malik
Published: August 2021

In short, handicraft and specially carpet knitting craft is one of the national industries of Afghanistan. Unfortunately, years of war in Afghanistan caused huge damage in its production and popularity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the main reasons behind the reduction of carpet production in Afghanistan. This research was carried out based on qualitative study. A total of 120 questionnaires were prepared according to probable systematic sampling method and desitributed among carpet weavers in Aqcha district. The data analysis was carried out by using SPSS software. The result of this study showed that carpet production in Afghanistan can be affected by the lack of proper market for carpet sale, lack of support and encouragement from the government, increased machine-made carpet imports, peoples’ low economy and inappropriate raw materials in the industry that have reduced the production of carpet industry in Afghanistan. Whereas, the research hypotheses suggest that the first hypothesis states that alpha was less than 0.05 (0.035) so our main hypothesis was rejected and we conclude that the absence of a market does not lead to a decrease in carpet production, the second hypothesis states that lack of government support reduces its production because the area is larger than the alpha (0.642). The third hypothesis states that because the area is significantly larger than 0.05 or alpha (0.727), so it was accepted as the main hypothesis that importing of machine-made carpets reduced the production of hand-made carpets in Afghaninstan.
Evaluating the percentage of handicapped individuals using media in Herat province
Authors: Sarwary Namatullah
Published: August 2021

Afghanistan is among the countries where majority of its people deal with tough circumstances. People with disabilities have more critical condition than others; they are deprived from many facilities and equipment, especially access to media. This research investigates the extent handicapped people use media and the impact of media on these people. By employing a qualitative method, data were collected from 21 disabled people through in-depth semistructured interviews. The results demonstrated that a large number of handicapped individuals use media. The media which had been used among the handicapped individuals were radio, television, and magazines, whereas Radio was considered more practical. Media can have either positive or negative impacts on disabled people, but this impact differs among disabled people depending on their disabilities.
Comparing the effectiveness of conventional and Kano model questionnaire for gathering requirement of online bus reservation system
Authors: Shahidi Shahwali
Published: August 2021

Software development is the activity of creating a software system that when used, solves some unsolved problem. It consists many knowledge intensive processes, among which requirement elicitation process is perhaps the most critical for the success of the software system. The success or failure of the system is related to the quality of the elicitation process and to the method used for gathering user needs. This study examines combined approaches to identify and classify the requirements and investigates the importance of customer satisfaction in requirement elicitation for online bus reservation system. The context of this work is University Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The target audiences are public who uses bus services. A total 63 out of 70 questionnaire are answered by the people. To do this, the design of two types of questionnaires: conventional and Kano questionnaire is done and implemented to identify the correct requirements for the selected system and then to compare the effectiveness of these two approaches. This study found that, both conventional method and Kano model are suitable to find and classify the requirements, but for deeper understanding of requirements which have the greatest influence on the customer's satisfaction, Kano model is more effective, because Kano's method provides valuable help when trade-off is needed for designing the product development.
Identifying the impact of meritocracy on human resource productivity from the perspective of police academy lecturers
Authors: Fetrat Mohammad Ali , Mutahar Sema
Published: August 2021

The present study was conducted to "identify the impact of meritocracy on human resource productivity from the perspective of police academies". This research is a descriptive-survey research in terms of purpose and methodology. The statistical population of this study is all lecturers of Kabul Police Academy. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, which according to the population of the sample required 121 people. The instrument or the device of this study is a complex questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. SPSS software was used to analyze the data using regression analysis. The results of this study show that meritocracy has a significant effect on human resource productivity, it also the effect of meritocracy components (knowledge, consciousness, abilities, skills, attitudes, education, training, and retention) on productivity. Human resources are influential and the hypotheses are confirmed.
A review on pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Sediqi Nelofar , Sediqi Maryam
Published: August 2021

A cluster of patients with unidentified pneumonia cause emerged among people in a city of China named Wuhan, at the end of 2019, which then by laboratory analysis, was considered to be caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) called 2019-nCoV. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. By the spread of pandemic novel coronavirus, it is revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is genetically related to SARS-CoV of the 2003 outbreak. However, the latest study showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 is the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter into the human cells, alike its predecessor (SARS-CoV). Both excessive immune reactions and lytic effects of the virus on host cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Commonly, the antivirals, corticosteroids, antibiotics, Immunoglobulin, and some other drugs are used as a pharmacological treatment in COVID-19 patients. Recently, the food and drug administration (FDA) has authorized the emergency use of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 under an emergency use authorization (EUA). The majority of the current drugs are recommended based on the treatment of previous epidemic viruses. Due to its pandemic prevalence, and the insufficient of specifically approved drugs and vaccines, COVID-19 is becoming an emergency public health concern. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge about pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. Thus, this review answers to the questions about pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 and provide the newest information in term of the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of COVID-19, inclusively, and simultaneously.
Studying the application of signification in linguistics and logic
Authors: Hashimee Nilofar
Published: August 2021

The topic under discussion is the application of signification in linguistics and logic. Signification in language is an important issue, and without understanding the signification it is impossible to know other parts of the language in linguistics. The purpose of this review is to examine the ways of sharing and differentiating the use of signification in Linguistics and Logic. In this study, initially the significations in linguistics and logic are examined individually and then analyzed and compared. Linguistics is directly and indirectly related to the knowledge of logic and many issues such argument, reasons, inference and rejection and modification of problems are considered in both logic and linguistics. Also, significations in applied linguistics, semiotics and logic are one of the most important issues and it has its own application in both areas. Therefore, it’s analysis has a special significance in both knowledge and makes us better aware of the elements of language such as signification, signifier, signified, the linguistic signs and the role and significance of these elements which contribute to the structure of the language system. In this review, it is indicated that signification is one of the important topics in the sciences of linguistics and logic, and the study and research related to this topic is important to better understand the language. By studying the theories and views of scientists it can be concluded that the role and application of signification in linguistics and logic is the same, and in both sciences, the relationship between signifier and signified is called signification. However, in terms of classification, signification in both sciences has its own types.
The rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated risk factors among Kabul University students
Authors: Noori Ahmad Zia , Naimi Haji Mohammad , Yousufi Hashmatullah
Published: August 2021

Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is the main agent of acute pharyngitis and skin infections that may result in the late complications of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Infection with streptococcus group A is a global health problem, which is most common in children and adults. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of S. pyogenes throat carriers and its main risk factors among healthy students of Kabul university. In the present study pharyngeal swabs of 260, [155 (59.6%) were male and 105 (40.4%) were female] asymptomatic university students aged between 19-30 years, were collected and immediately transported to the laboratory for detection of S. pyogenes following standard microbiological procedures. Production of beta hemolytic colonies on blood agar, sensitivity to bacitracin antibiotic, gram stain positivity, catalase negativity test and streptococcal grouping latex kit (ProlexTM) tests were used to identify and differentiate S. pyogenes from other streptococcus spp. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS 21, Chi-square and Logistic regression tests were applied for the categorical data analysis. A P value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Totally 61 (23.5%) beta hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 260 samples. Among 61 beta hemolytic isolates, 44 (16.9%) were identified as S. pyogenes. The colonization rate of S. pyogenes was higher in male 25 (56.8%) than female 19 (43.2%), which was not statistically significant (p=0.678). Age, residence of the students at hostel and shared utensil use were not statistically significant (p=0.088, p= 0.449, p=0.241 respectively), but the number of children in the family was an important risk factor. People with 1-3 children had a 23-fold higher risk (p˂0.05), and people with 4-6 children had a 27-fold higher risk of carrying S. pyogenes, than those who did not had any children (p˂0.05). In the present study the asymptomatic throat carriage rate of S. pyogenes among Kabul University students, was high. Among all risk factors the number of children in the family was significantly associated with S. pyogenes throat carriage.
Essence of grammar according to modern linguistics and Afghan linguists’ perspectives
Authors: Hakimi Matiullah
Published: August 2021

The paper explored views in modern linguistic theories and Afghan linguist perspectives about essence of grammar, its original source, its function in language use and the relationship between mental rules and their description in grammar books. The data were collected from theoretical linguistics, grammar books and 10 Afghan professors who teach linguistics and Persian-Dari grammar in Kabul University via a questionnaire. MS excel was used to analyze the data. The results show the term Grammar refers to a set of constructional rules of a language located in speakers’ minds. It is unconscious knowledge which enables speakers of a language to produce and understand its utterances. These mental rules govern composition of phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses and sentences. Grammar books are like maps of original grammar which has mental essence and describe it. Children learn their native language from elders and their coeval speakers. Second language learners, can learn a foreign language through social interaction and grammar books. Compiling grammatical rules of a language introduces word formation techniques to expand its lexicon, help speakers to know more about their language capacities and possibilities. Grammar books aim to facilitate learning formal language, description of constructional rules, language learning for foreigners and provide correct writing guidelines. The research prescribes grammar teachers to use grammar as means of enrichment of formal language, as it can better function to do its scientific mission.
Thin-layer mathematical modeling of apple slices drying, using open sun and cabinet solar drying methods
Authors: Noori Abdul Wasim , Royen Mohammad Jafar , Haydary Juma
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to investigate the effect of climate conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, pressure, sun radiation and pollution on sliced apples quality and drying time which are dried in an indirect forced cabinet solar drying (IFCSD) and open sun drying (OSD) systems. Both experiments were implemented at same place (Kabul, Afghanistan) and time. The IFCSD yield for saving time is 42.8 % which is more effective than drying in the OSD system. Simultaneously with the decreasing of sliced apple weight from 512.9 g down to 73.9 g, the water activity decreased from 0.955 down to 0.355 in the IFCSD system. For OSD system, the sample weight decreased from 512.6 g down to 78.4 g and its water activity from 0.955 down to 0.411. On the experiment day the average sun radiation was 571 w/m2 . The pressure drop between inlet and outlet of the dryer was 0.1 kPa. Different thin-layer mathematical models were investigated to identify the best model fitting the experimental data. The mathematical models’ performances were investigated by comparing the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), reduced chi-square (X2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) coefficients. From all 11 applied thin-layer drying models the Page, Approximation diffusion, Verma et al and Midilli and Kacuk models are more fitted to our data.
Central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy
Authors: Waseel Abdul Mosaur , Sabory Najib Rahman , Zaheb Hameedullah , Waseel Abdul Kareem
Published: August 2021

Production of required thermal energy to heat residential buildings is a considerable issue in energy studies. Kabul city is a city in which the coal-fired central heating systems for providing the mentioned energy is in expansion process. And, coal as feeding source of these systems with generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in winter. Fortunately, Kabul city has maximum solar radiation in summer warm season which can be used for fulfilling of this demand in winter cold season. The method which can perform this task is the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy. But, the economic and environmental feasibility and viability of this method is a discussable issue. In this study, the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy and its economic and environmental feasibility and viability is studied. It is tried that this system is compared in a logical method with current coal-fired systems. The economic feasibility study is accomplished by comparison of initial or capital cost and annual operation and maintenance cost with the usage of existing data and thermodynamic analytic methods. The environmental viability study is accomplished by comparison of annual emissions of CO2 with the usage of online emissions calculator. Unfortunately, it is found that seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy is not an economically feasible method for central heating due to its high initial cost and cannot be used in an economically beneficial manner for central heating. But fortunately, it is an environmentally viable method and environmentally friendly way due to its no and/or zero CO2 emissions. To sum up, it is suggested that, this method should be used for district heating which can make this system economically feasible.
Feasibility of solar air conditioning system for Afghanistan’s climate
Authors: Rasuli Mohammad Azim , Torii Shuichi
Published: August 2021

Among the broad varieties of power supply in Afghanistan such as city power produced from water dams, fuel generators, and imported electricity from neighboring countries, solar energy production is growing at a noticeable pace. Its preference is because of cost and sustainability perimeters. Given the climate of the country air conditioning inside buildings is required throughout the year, which is an important requirement for the comfort of its residents. Because it requires a great amount of energy, therefore, most companies are working on different principles to provide new products of solar air conditioning systems. The solar air conditioning system provides heating and cooling by utilizing solar energy. Recently, climate change and air pollution proved to be a major challenge for humans, and the current rate of resource consumption will result in a total depletion of natural energy resources in the earth. In this paper, we are assessing the feasibility study of solar-powered air conditioner technology in Afghanistan. Considering the weather of the country, there exists enormous potential for solar energy production. Afghanistan receives 4 – 6.5 kWh/m2 /day solar insolation on average with 300 sunny days a year. In conclusion, the air conditioning complication which can be addressed by solar energy production is sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly manner in Afghanistan.
Analysis of the potential for use of floating solar panels on Naghlo hydropower dam
Authors: Zareef Laila , Jalali Marzia , Sadat Sayed Moqeem
Published: August 2021

The water and energy challenges have become a big concern in Afghanistan that need to be addressed cooperatively. One of the challenges in the country is electricity generation, and a small part of it is produced in the country, so there are a huge burden and cost to meet the remaining electricity need. Over years and without sustainable management almost all of the dams in Afghanistan lost their effective life due to reservoir sedimentation that led to the reduced reliability of water and power supply. On the other hand, Global warming and high temperature have a direct impact on the number of water sources. Since Afghanistan is located in an Arid to a semi-arid climate that is characterized by the high value of annual evaporation where the precipitation is less than annual evaporation, besides other forms of losses, its surface water is lost through evaporation. On the other hand, one of the challenges in the country is electricity generation, and a small part of it is produced in the country, so there are a huge burden and cost to meet the remaining electricity needs. One of the approaches that can meet both challenges simultaneously is the use of floating solar panels. It has significant advantages over the ground-based type of solar panels. These benefits include reducing water evaporation, improving water quality by reducing the growth of algae, and high solar panel performance. This paper aims at illustrating the potential for use of floating solar panels to generate power and the impact of floating solar panels installation on preventing surface water evaporation on Naghlo Dam.
Study on approaches of revitalization, optimization and usability of green spaces of Kabul province from the perspective of users
Authors: Hussaini Ewaz Ali , Poyesh Dawlat Shah , Rasikh M. Eshaq , Zarie Hussain
Published: August 2021

The current study examined the status of major parks and green spaces of in Kabul from the user’s perspective between 2017-2018. The green areas under study included Tapeh Paghman Park, Qaraghah Promenade, Hesse Avale Khairkhana Park, Babur Garden and Dehbouri Park. This research was an analytical one in which, after reviewing the theoretical foundations and related libraries, questionnaires were designed and distributed to the visitors of the park to disseminate the desired data and then the results were statistically analyzed. SPSS software was used to analyze gathered data. The data collected on current status of these areas comparison of that data with similar countries and analyzation of those information resulted in principle approaches in relations to optimization, expansion and better usability of these green spaces. and According to the results, there was not a significant positive correlation between age of the visitors and green space areas, so that users feel more secure with higher age. Based on the results, on average, the green spaces users were satisfied with respect to plants, the compositions of the color and greenspace therapy. The users also believed that these green spaces have positive effects on natural beauty and beautification of Kabul city, and they believed that water springs and water pond in the parks and green spaces also a factor of adding beautiful views on these green spaces. Moreover, the users suggested that the architectural style, plant diversification and presence of water in these spaces are the historical characteristics that should be preserved. Another characteristic which is responsible for preserving the historical and natural values of these green spaces are the preservation of prominent old plants. The main problem of the green spaces according to the users, was less availability of sports areas and recreational spaces.
The impact of modern technology in the teaching and learning process
Authors: Ghory Siyamoy , Ghafory Hamayoon
Published: August 2021

The advancement of technology has had an influence on every part of our lives, from banking to the way we connect with one another. Indeed, technology has become an essential component of sustaining civilization, and its incorporation into education is consequently unavoidable. Technology not only gives students access to a plethora of online materials, but it also helps them study. The majority of colleges and educational institutions have already begun to use technology into their teaching techniques. This paper provides in-depth on the effect and impact of the modern technology in the teaching and learning process through reviewing various secondary data. Education has been transformed by technological advancements. The significance of technology in classrooms cannot be overstated. Indeed, the introduction of computers into education has made it simpler for instructors to transfer information and for pupils to retrieve it. The integration of technology into education ecosystem has made the and learning processes more entertaining.
Biogas production from Napier grass and cattle slurry using a green energy technology
Authors: Souvannasouk Vannasinh , Shen Ming-yan , Trejo Marlen , Bhuyar Prakash
Published: August 2021

The use of alternative biomass sources that are not competitive with food production is intended for sustainable management in biogas production through anaerobic digestion. This study investigates the Napier grass and cattle slurry-based biogas production application that could be applied more cost-effectively more sustainable production biogas. The laboratory-based biogas plant and a biogas plant in practice revealed that the results from the laboratory experiments were realistic and transferable into practice. The effect of feedstock screening on the biogas yield of Napier grass and cattle slurry was evaluated in batch digesters under mesophilic conditions. Moreover, highest methane content was reached 64.4%. The biogas from the co-digestion of Napier grass and cow farm slurry containing the higher calorific value was 25.69 MJ/m3, and the lower calorific value was 23.14 MJ/m3 . The results demonstrated that combining Napier grass with common cow farm slurry can accelerate the reaction, increase efficiency, and increase methane content. Therefore, the co-digestion of Napier grass and cow farm slurry was a promising method for increasing biogas production.
Role of zero-divisor graph in power set ring
Authors: Nazary Abdul Jamil
Published: August 2021

The first article about graph theory was written by Leonhard Euler the famous Swiss mathematician which was published in 1736. Primarily, the idea of graph was not important as point of mathematics because it mostly deals with recreational puzzles. But the recent improvement in mathematics specially, its application brought a strong revolution in graph theory. Therefore, this article is written under the title of (Role of Zero-divisor graph in power set ring). This study clarifies the role of the zero-fraction graph in the strength ring and the library research method was used for the collection of information from the past research. This study first introduces the zero-divisor graph set of alternatives in R ring. Then presents the Role of Zero-divisor graph in power set ring. Whereas the vertex is denoted with K1 and the elements of an optional ring which are not zero-divisors they are the vertices without edges of that ring in zero-divisor graph. Next, we will study when a graph is planar in power set ring. The research found out that if the element numbers of set X  is less than 4, the graph of zero-divisor graph ring of P X( ) is planar and if the element numbers of set X is greater than or equals to 4, the zero-divisor graph ring is not planar.
Análisis de la transferencia de la expresión escrita desde discursos posterior a aprendizajes en cursos formativos
Authors: Lazo Ramos Dennis
Published: August 2021

En el presente trabajo, se analiza el logro de la transferencia de la expresión escrita de alumnos de últimos ciclos en una universidad particular. Para lograr esto, nos hemos basado en teorías de gestión del conocimiento y teorías educativas constructivistas. Planteamos que una correcta evaluación de la expresión escrita solo se puede lograr si nos alejamos contextualmente y en contenido del aprendizaje primigenio. Esto solo se puede lograr si realizamos una evaluación de la competencia desde la transferencia. Por ello, el siguiente trabajo evalúa la redacción para identificar de qué modo han logrado transferir la competencia de expresión escrita desarrollada.
Proust y la geografía literaria. De la iconografía al manuscrito
Authors: Naturel Mireille
Published: August 2021

Si bien André Ferré es conocido como editor, junto con Pierre Clarac, de la primera edición de À la recherche du temps perdu en la colección de La Pléiade, fue primero el autor de una tesis y luego de un libro sobre la Géographie de Marcel Proust (Le Sagittaire, 1939). El resurgimiento editorial de una experiencia de deambulación comentada por Roland Barthes, tema de una serie de emisiones radiofónicas en 1978, que nos lleva de París a Illiers-Combray, nos vuelve a sumergir en esos lugares proustianos míticos. La reciente publicación, por Nathalie Mauriac Dyer, de los Soixante-quinze feuillets, et autres manuscrits inédits, extraídos de los archivos de Bernard de Fallois, confirma el “deseo obsesivo” que experimenta Proust por el lugar. Pero lo que interesa aquí es más bien el nacimiento de la mitología del lugar proustiano para las primeras generaciones de lectores de Proust. El lugar, en la paradójica fascinación que suscita entre realidad y ficción, es fotografiado, dibujado, reproducido. La ciudad de Illiers, que se convertirá en Illiers-Combray en 1971, nos servirá de referencia.
Marcel Proust, Leopoldo Marechal, o las contradicciones de la modernidad
Authors: Hammerschmidt Claudia
Published: August 2021

Las novelas paradigmáticas de la modernidad literaria À la recherche du temps perdu (1913-1927), de Marcel Proust, y Adán Buenosayres (1948), de Leopoldo Marechal, ostentan una contradicción fundamental en la que a la vez se basan: la simultánea tradicionalidad de su teoría y búsqueda estética y la modernidad de su escritura. Defienden una poética que su propia escritura supera y buscan el retorno a una obra clásica como reflejo de una totalidad que la realidad (ya) no ofrece. Con Antoine Compagnon, pueden ser considerados antimodernos, ultramodernos o modernos ‘a su pesar’.

En el análisis comparativo de las dos novelas que propongo, me concentro en la teoría de la metáfora discutida explícitamente y desvirtuada prácticamente en los textos: por la técnica metonímica, en el caso de Proust, y por la alegoría, en el de Marechal. Termino el análisis con una comparación esbozada de las oberturas de la Recherche y de Adán Buenosayres, para así ejemplificar las posiciones antes discutidas teóricamente.
El alejandrinismo en la poesía de Luis Alberto de Cuenca
Authors: Giménez Facundo
Published: August 2021

La poesía de Luis Alberto de Cuenca (Madrid, 1950) se caracteriza por su gran capacidad de vincular diversas tradiciones, objetos textuales y épocas. Este rasgo ha distinguido a su poesía desde sus inicios en la década del setenta y se ha mantenido constante en su poesía de madurez. Este trabajo se propone indagar en torno de esta apertura del texto poético, para proponer un posible modelo al cual puede remitirse esta comprensión de la cultura: el alejandrinismo. Para ello, recuperaremos algunas nociones básicas del periodo helenístico para, posteriormente, observar cómo es la recuperación del modelo alejandrino en unas composiciones poéticas que llevan el título de variaciones. El análisis de la apropiación de este modelo permitirá explicar, además de la citación de referentes propios del periodo histórico, una inclinación temática y compositiva hacia lo menor.
¿Solo quedan distopías? 11 hipótesis para repensar la cultura literaria desde Internet
Authors: Pugliese Anaclara
Published: August 2021

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Factors associated with grain feeding in dairy farms located in the central-western region of Paraná State, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Lima Pedro Gustavo Loesia , Damasceno Julio Cesar ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Borges João Augusto Rossi ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Martinelli Raiane Real ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate factors associated with grain feeding and determine the typology of dairy farms that use high-grain diets. Twenty-two farm operators were interviewed in three municipalities located in the central-western region of Paraná state, Brazil. Information on reproductive and nutritional management practices, sociodemographic characteristics, and farm performance was collected. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multiple linear regression. Three factors (F1, F2, and F3) were extracted, which together explained 82.61% of the total variance. F1 comprised diet quality, technology, and breeding composition. F2 comprised labor and size. F3 comprised feed quality and schooling. Farms were classified into four groups and compared in terms of factor scores and performance parameters. Group 1 had the highest mean score on F1 (0.715), group 4 on F2 (1.642), and group 2 on F3 (1.116). Groups 4 and 1 had the highest milk productivity (2043.50 and 399.52 L day−1, respectively) and labor efficiency (418.16 and 148.63 L worker−1 day−1, respectively). Group 4 also had the highest mean number of cows per worker (25.52 cows worker−1). Regression analysis revealed that diet quality, technology, and breeding composition (F1) explained the variance in cow productivity. Labor and size, (F2) explained the variance in number of cows per worker. Daily productivity and labor efficiency were explained by both F1 and F2. Feed quality and farm operator’s level of schooling did not explain the variation in any of the variables. We found that roughage quality, breeding technology, and herd breed composition are the major factors associated with grain feeding. Farmers who feed cows high-quality roughage throughout the year and invest in genetic improvement and selective breeding strategies are more likely to adopt high-grain feeding and have high milk productivity.
Relationship between metabolic profile, diseases, productive and reproductive performance in high- producing Holstein cows in the postpartum period
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Askel Eloize Jaqueline , Frigotto Tiago Andre ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Navarro Rodrigo Barros ,   Capal Cooperativa Agroindustria, Barros Filho Ivan Roque de ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Ollhoff Rudiger Daniel ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Almeida Rodrigo de ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to monitor Holstein cows in the postpartum period, and to evaluate the occurrence of clinical diseases and their relationship with metabolic profile, milk yield and composition, and reproductive performance. One hundred and five Holstein cows, 32 primiparous and 73 multiparous, from two dairy herds in Arapoti, Paraná State, were clinically monitored up to ten days after calving. The clinical occurrences diagnosed were: dystocia, metritis, retained placenta, clinical hypocalcemia, displaced abomasum, mastitis, pneumonia, and digital dermatitis. Blood samples were collected at one, two, five, and ten days postpartum for analysis of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and total calcium. Individual milk yield was measured up to 100 days in milk (DIM), and the first test-day was evaluated for milk composition. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the fixed effects of farm (A and B), parity (primiparous and multiparous), and occurrence of clinical diseases (sick and healthy cows) were included. Forty-eight cows (45.7%) had one or more clinical occurrences. In these sick cows, the BHB concentration at five DIM was higher (P = 0.06) than in healthy cows; 0.78 and 0.57 mmol L-1, respectively. Regarding milk yield, cows with one or more clinical occurrences had lower (P < 0.01) daily milk yield up to 30 DIM, and had a tendency of lower (P = 0.09) accumulated production up to 100 DIM than healthy cows. Sick cows had a tendency to show lower (P = 0.08) milk total solids content than healthy cows; 12.04 and 12.60%, respectively. There were no significant differences between sick and healthy animals in the remaining milk components, or the reproductive parameters assessed. The differences observed for days in the first artificial insemination (AI), AI number, and days open occurred due to the effect of the herd.
Yield and nutritional value of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) managed in different row spacing and maturity at harvest in the semiarid region of Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Souza Ícaro Daniel Alves dos Santos , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Monção Flávio Pinto ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cordeiro Matheus Wilson Silva ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Carvalho Cinara da Cunha Siqueira ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Aspiazú Ignacio ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Silva Fredson Vieira e ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Delvaux Júnior Nelson de Abreu ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros
Published: August 2021

The objective was to evaluate the structural, yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in different row planting spacing and harvest age in a semiarid region of Brazil. Three row spacing (45, 70 and 90 cm; plots) and four maturity at harvest (70, 100, 130 and 160 days; subplots) were evaluated following a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, with eight blocks. The useful area was 3 x 15 m. Variation in soil fertility in the area was the blocking factor. There was interaction between row spacing and maturity at harvest (P < 0.05) on plant height (P = 0.01), dry matter yield (DMY; P < 0.01) and proportion of senescent material (P = 0.01). The DMY observed at the age of 160 days and spacing of 90 cm was 41.40% higher than the DMY at the same age and in spacings of 45 and 70 cm (mean of 21.45 t/ha). As the maturity at harvest increased, there was a reduction in the crude protein content (P < 0.01), potential degradability (P < 0.01) and effective degradability (P < 0.01) of dry matter, and the content of non-fiber carbohydrates (P < 0.01), total digestible nutrients (P < 0.01) and the readily soluble fraction (P < 0.01) of the dry matter increased. Considering the yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in the semiarid region for silage production, the row spacing of 90 cm and the maturity at harvest of 160 days after planting are recommended.
Fermentative losses and chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn grain silage rehydrated with water or acid whey combined with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Cruz Fernanda Naiara Fogaça da , Monção Flávio Pinto ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Alencar Amanda Maria Silva ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Silva Ariadne Freitas ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Miorin Renan Lucas ,   Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso, Soares Ana Cláudia Maia ,   PLM Representation in Animal Nutrition, Carvalho Cinara da Cunha Siqueira ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Albuquerque Carlos Juliano Brant ,   Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rehydration with water or acid whey, as well as the effects of bacterial-enzymatic inoculant on fermentation losses, aerobic stability, and chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn grain silages. The treatments consisted of corn kernels (Zea mays) ground through a 3-mm sieve and rehydrated with chlorine-free water or unsalted whey (NaCl) combined or not with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant. This was a 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized design with sources of rehydration (water or whey) and absence and presence of bacterial-enzymatic inoculant with eight replications. Water and acid whey were added to ground corn with 12% moisture in order to increase it to 35%. Rehydrated corn was ensiled in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minisilos and stored for 60 d. The bacterial-enzymatic inoculant used was composed of Lactobacillus curvatus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, L. lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Enterococcus faecium, in concentrations of 1010 CFU g-1 and 5% cellulose-based enzyme complex. The aerobic exposure of silages was evaluated for 120 hours. There was interaction (P = 0.02) between the sources of rehydration and the use or not of the inoculant on the values of silage temperature during aerobic exposure. There was a difference for dry matter (DM) losses (P=0.38) between rehydrated corn silages with and without inoculant. DM losses were 37.51% higher in silage without inoculant compared to silage with inoculant (3.84% DM). There was no difference between the sources of rehydration on DM losses (P = 0.39), with a mean value of 4.99%. Corn rehydration using acid whey (P < 0.01) increased 2.19% and 31.36% DM and ash content compared to water, an average of 66.14% and 1.28%, respectively. There was no interaction (P = 0.30) between the sources of rehydration and the use of inoculants on the in vitro digestibility of DM (mean of 79.26%). The use of the bacterial-enzymatic inoculant improved the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and nutritional value of corn grain silage rehydrated with water or whey.
Babesia vogeli in dogs from Rio Branco, South-west Amazonia, Brazil
Authors:   Médica Veterinária Autônoma, Fernandes Mayara Marques Pereira , Rodrigues Marcelo Renan Serrate ,   Médico Veterinário Autônomo, Valente Jessica Damiana Marinho ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Nogueira Marcelli Pascoal ,   Médica Veterinária Autônoma, Furtuoso Rosany da Silva Santos ,   Médica Veterinária Autônoma, Santos Mirlane da Silva ,   Médica Veterinária Autônoma, Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Souza Soraia Figueiredo de ,   Universidade Federal do Acre, Malavazi Patrícia Fernandes Nunes da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Acre
Published: August 2021

This is the first report of Babesia vogeli molecular detection in dogs from the state of Acre, northern Brazil. This study aimed to perform the molecular detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre. Blood samples were collected from 47 dogs presenting with clinical signs comparable to hemoparasitosis. These were dogs which were attended in veterinary clinics from Rio Branco municipality, Acre. Physical examinations, packed cell volume (PCV) determination, platelet number estimation, hemoparasite investigation in the blood (collected from the pinna and peripheral blood), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for piroplasm based on the 18S rRNA gene, were performed. One dog (1/47, 2.1%; CI 95%: 0.1-11.3%) tested positive to Babesia vogeli in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for piroplasms and the resulting sequence showed 100% identity with Babesia vogeli isolates deposited in GenBank®. Co-infection with Ehrlichia spp. was also observed by direct examination (via blood smear). The clinical and hematological alterations observed in the positive animal were anorexia, dehydration, white mucous membranes, anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Wpływ nowych narzędzi organów KAS (kasy rejestrujące
i wirtualne online, SENT, STIR, JPK_VAT, KSeF) na nadzór
nad podatkiem dochodowym od osób fizycznych
Authors: Szymanek Paweł
Published: August 2021

Warunkiem wypełniania obowiązków podatkowych są sprawnie działające organy KAS. Celem zwiększenia skuteczności
organów KAS wprowadzono szereg usprawnień takich jak: kasy rejestrujące online, system STIR i SENT
oraz pliki JPK_VAT. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie wpływu nowych narzędzi na nadzór nad podatkiem
dochodowym od osób fizycznych. W artykule udowodniono tezę, zgodnie z którą obowiązek ewidencjonowania
obrotu za pośrednictwem kas rejestrujących online, systemy STIR i SENT oraz obowiązek wysyłania plików
JPK_VAT nie mają bezpośredniego wpływu na zwiększenie nadzoru nad wpłatami zaliczek i rocznego rozliczenia
podatków dochodowych. Końcowo w artykule przeanalizowano skutki wprowadzenia systemu KSeF.
Konwersja wierzytelności na udziały – skutki w podatku dochodowym
Authors: Wierzbowska Karolina
Published: August 2021

Autor przedstawia problem traktowania jako wniesienia wkładu niepieniężnego przez organy podatkowe i sądownictwo transakcji tzw. konwersji wierzytelności na udziały, tj. podwyższenia kapitału zakładowego spółki i dokonania potrącenia wierzytelności wspólnika względem spółki z wierzytelnością spółki względem wspólnika, np. z tytułu pożyczki. Konsekwentnie, negatywnie dla podatnika wskazywano na przychód podatkowy i brak prawa do rozpoznania odpowiednio kosztu podatkowego.
Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej w formie spółki
komandytowej oraz spółki jawnej – aspekty prawne i
podatkowe- cześć IV
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: August 2021

W poprzednich częściach publikowanych w BISP omówiono aspekty prawne i podatkowe prowadzenie działalności
gospodarczej w formie spółki jawnej i komandytowej. Ustawa o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych od
dnia 1 stycznia 2021 rozszerzyła zakres podmiotowy. Zgodnie z treścią art. 1 ust. 3 ustawy o podatku dochodowym
od osób prawnych przepis ustawy mają zastosowanie również do spółek komandytowych oraz niektórych spółek
jawnych. Wprowadzone zmiany doprowadziły do zrównania na gruncie podatku dochodowego sytuacji spółek
komandytowych oraz niektórych spółek jawnych objętych zakresem ustawy PDOP z innymi spółkami objętymi
podatkiem dochodowym od osób prawnych (przede wszystkim spółkami kapitałowymi). W rezultacie nowe rozwiązania
sprawią, że dochody osiągane przez spółki komandytowe oraz spółki jawne nie będą już de iure transparentne
dla podatku dochodowego na poziomie spółki. W tych przypadkach, kiedy ustawa czyni spółkę podatnikiem,
od osiągniętego dochodu spółka będzie płacić podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych w zależności od dokonanego
przez spółkę wyboru – od dnia 1 stycznia 2021 roku albo od dnia 1 maja 2021 roku. Podstawowa wysokość
stawki podatku dochodowego to 19% od osiągniętego dochodu. Jeżeli spółka komandytowa bądź spółka jawna
będzie mogła zostać uznana za tzw. małego podatnika stawka ta wyniesienie 9%. W konsekwencji, dochód osiągany
z działalności spółek jawnych objętych zakresem ustawy PDOP będzie podwójnie opodatkowany – raz na
poziomie spółki, a następnie wspólników. Powyższe zmiany podatkowe są dobrą okazją do refleksji, czy spółka
komandytowa bądź spółka jawna, w jej dotychczasowym kształcie, uwzględniając cele i uwarunkowania poszczególnych
wspólników jest optymalną formą prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. W niniejszym opracowaniu
wskazano zasady opodatkowania dochodów osiąganych przez spółki jawne i komandytowe w aktualnym stanie
prawnym oraz podstawowe założenia związane z tworzeniem i funkcjonowaniem spółki jawnej i komandytowej
przyjęte w prawie handlowym.