bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinâmica populacional e transformações socioespaciais: uma análise a partir da região do Vale do Taquari/RS
Authors: Barden Júlia Elisabete , Sindelar Fernanda Cristina W. , Cazarotto Rosmari , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a dinâmica populacional e as transformações socioespaciais que ocorreram na região do Vale do Taquari/RS, a partir da mobilidade rural-urbana e intrarregional. Para tal, foram analisados os dados da população, do Valor Bruto Adicionado e feitas análises cartográficas da região. Dentre as principais características verificadas na região, tem-se: a passagem de uma região essencialmente rural para urbana, tanto em relação à distribuição da população quanto às atividades econômicas; um processo de envelhecimento mais acelerado do que o RS; uma diversificação produtiva, mas com o predomínio do setor de serviços na maioria dos municípios; a concentração da população urbana e da geração da riqueza em torno da cidade polo, Lajeado; e o vínculo da região com a região metropolitana de Porto Alegre.
Excertos da geografia somali na literatura: uma apreciação da obra “O pomar das almas perdidas”
Authors: Brandão Paulo Roberto Baqueiro
Published: November 2018

Este escrito propõe um debate sobre (a) as questões territoriais da Somália como Estado soberano e (b) as questões geopolíticas que envolveram tal país no contexto da Guerra Fria, a partir da interpretação de excertos da obra “O pomar das almas perdidas”, escrito por Nadifa Mohamed (2016). O romance tem como pano de fundo o início do processo de desintegração político-institucional, econômica e social da Somália na perspectiva de três mulheres, moradoras – em condições absolutamente distintas – de Hargeisa. Desta forma, neste texto almeja-se um encontro entre a ciência geográfica e a arte literária, permitindo que o fluxo gerado pelo diálogo entre ambas as formas de expressão do conhecimento humano faça emergir uma compreensão das questões territoriais e do contexto geopolítico da Somália na segunda metade do século XX.
As aulas de balé clássico em uma universidade da melhor idade em Campo Grande - MS
Authors: Martins Gisele Aparecida Ferreira
Published: November 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é relatar a experiência de alunas que frequentam as aulas de balé clássico oferecidas em uma universidade da melhor idade na cidade de Campo Grande- MS. De abordagem qualitativa, utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas para identificar o significado das aulas de balé e as contribuições dessa atividade na qualidade de vida de onze alunas da instituição. A base teórica foi construída com os autores: Ferreira et.al (2009), Leal e Haas (2006), Martins (2014), R. F. Marbá, et. al. (2016) e Witter et.al (2013), que relataram alguns benefícios das aulas de dança entre eles a melhoria da aptidão funcional e física e a diminuição dos efeitos deletérios do avanço da idade cronológica. Todas as alunas declararam estar realizando um sonho de menina, sentindo-se mais “Jovens”, que perderam a timidez e o maior fator de satisfação foi subir em um palco e apresentar as coreografias aprendidas durante as aulas.
A trait-based modelling approach to planktonic foraminifera ecology
Authors: Grigoratou Maria , Monteiro Fanny M. , Schmidt Daniela N. , Wilson Jamie D. , Ward Ben A. , Ridgwell Andy
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Despite the important role of planktonic foraminifera in regulating the ocean carbonate production and their unrivalled value in reconstructing paleoenvironments, our knowledge on their ecology is limited. A variety of observational techniques such as plankton tows, sediment traps and experiments, have contributed to our understanding of foraminifera ecology. But, fundamental questions around costs and benefits of calcification, and the effect of nutrients, temperature and ecosystem structure on these organisms remain unanswered. To tackle these questions, we take a novel mechanistic approach to study planktonic foraminifera ecology based on trait theory. We develop a 0-D trait-based model to account for the biomass of prolocular (20 μm) and adult (160 μm) stages of non-spinose foraminifera species and investigate their potential interactions with phytoplankton and other zooplankton under different temperature and nutrient regimes. Building on the costs and benefits of calcification, we model two ecosystem structures to explore the effect of resource competition and temperature on planktonic foraminifera biomass. By constraining the model results with ocean biomass estimations of planktonic foraminifera, we estimate that the energetic cost of calcification could be about 25–50 % and 20–35 % for prolocular and adult stages respectively. Our result suggest that the shell provides protection among predation (e.g. pathogens protection) and that the invariably low standing biomass of planktonic foraminifera plays a key role in their survival from predation, along with their shell protection. Temperature appears to be an important factor in regulating foraminifera biomass in the early developmental stage, whereas resource competition is a key in controlling adults' biomass and feeding strategy.
A Late Quaternary climate record based on long-chain diol proxies from the Chilean margin
Authors: de Bar Marijke W. , Stolwijk Dave J. , McManus Jerry F. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this study we have applied different indices based on long-chain diols, i.e., the
long-chain diol index (LDI) as a proxy for past SST, the
diol index as an indicator of past upwelling conditions, and the nutrient diol
index (NDI) as a proxy for nitrate and phosphate concentrations in seawater.
The proxies were analyzed in marine sediments recovered at ODP Site 1234,
located within the Peru–Chile upwelling system, with a ∼2 kyr
resolution covering the last 150 kyr. We also generated
TEX86H and U37K′ temperature and planktonic
δ18O records, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and
accumulation rates (ARs) of TOC and lipid biomarkers (i.e., C37
alkenones, GDGTs, dinosterol, and loliolide) to reconstruct past phytoplankton
production. The LDI-derived SST record covaries with TEX86H-
and U37K′-derived SST records as well as with the planktonic
δ18O record, implying that the LDI reflects past SST
variations at this site. TOC and phytoplankton AR records indicate increased
export production during the last interglacial (MIS 5), simultaneous with a
peak in the abundance of preserved Chaetoceros diatoms, suggesting
intensified upwelling during this period. The diol index is relatively low
during the upwelling period, but peaks before and after this period,
suggesting that Proboscia diatoms were more abundant before and
after the period of upwelling. The NDI reveals the same trends as the diol
index, suggesting that the input of nitrate and phosphate was minimal during
upwelling, which is unrealistic. We suggest that the diol index and NDI
should perhaps be considered as indicators for Proboscia productivity instead of upwelling conditions or nutrient concentrations.
Determining the scales of collective entrainment in collision-driven bed load
Authors: Lee Dylan B. , Jerolmack Douglas
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Fluvial bed-load
transport is notoriously unpredictable, especially near the threshold of
motion where stochastic fluctuations in sediment flux are large. Laboratory
and field observations suggest that particles are entrained collectively, but
this behavior is not well resolved. Collective entrainment introduces new
length scales and timescales of correlation into probabilistic formulations
of bed-load flux. We perform a series of experiments to directly quantify
spatially clustered movement of particles (i.e., collective motion), using a
steep-slope 2-D flume in which centimeter-scale marbles are fed at varying
rates into a shallow and turbulent water flow. We observe that entrainment
results exclusively from particle collisions and is generally collective,
while particles deposit independently of each other. The size distribution of
collective motion events is roughly exponential and constant across sediment
feed rates. The primary effect of changing feed rate is simply to change the
entrainment frequency, although the relation between these two diverges from
the expected linear form in the slowly driven limit. The total displacement
of all particles entrained in a collision event is proportional to the
kinetic energy deposited in the bed by the impactor. The first-order picture
that emerges is similar to generic avalanching dynamics in sandpiles:
“avalanches” (collective entrainment events) of a characteristic size relax
with a characteristic timescale regardless of feed rate, but the frequency of
avalanches increases in proportion to the feed rate. The transition from
intermittent to continuous bed-load transport then results from the
progressive merger of entrainment avalanches with increasing transport rate.
As most bed-load transport occurs in the intermittent regime, the length
scale of collective entrainment should be considered a fundamental addition
to any probabilistic bed-load framework.
HIRHAM–NAOSIM 2.0: The upgraded version of the coupled regional atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model for Arctic climate studies
Authors: Dorn Wolfgang , Rinke Annette , Köberle Cornelia , Dethloff Klaus , Gerdes Rüdiger
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A new version of the coupled Arctic atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model HIRHAM-NAOSIM is described. This version utilizes upgraded model components for the coupled subsystems, which include physical and numerical improvements and higher horizontal and vertical resolution, and a revised coupling procedure with the aid of the coupling software YAC. The model performance is evaluated against observationally based data sets and compared with the previous version. Ensemble simulations for the period 1979–2016 reveal that Arctic sea ice is thicker in all seasons and closer to observations than in the previous version. Wintertime biases in sea-ice extent and near-surface air temperatures are reduced, while summertime biases are of similar magnitude as in the previous version. Problematic issues of the current model configuration and potential corrective measures and further developments are discussed.
Quantification of seasonal variabilities in groundwater discharge in an extensive irrigation watershed using H, O, and Sr isotopes
Authors: Yoshida Takeo , Nakano Takanori , Shin Ki-cheol , Tsuchihara Takeo , Minakawa Hiroki , Miyazu Susumu , Kubota Tomijiro
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Numerous studies have quantified stream–groundwater interactions using geochemical or environmental tracers. However, in watersheds where water is extensively used for rice paddy irrigation, uncertainties in estimation remain due to kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes during evaporation from ponded paddies and seasonal variations of the isotopic composition of recharged water. In this study, we used three different methods (streamflow observation, stable isotopes of water, and Sr isotopes) to quantify groundwater discharge to streams in a watershed substantially impacted by rice paddy irrigation in central Japan. We conducted point- and watershed-scale observations of surface water, soil water, groundwater, and ponded water in rice paddies and examined changes in these isotopic compositions. Point-scale observations revealed that Sr isotopes were more appropriate for quantification because the Sr isotopes in groundwater was significantly different from surface water and less variable in time compared to water isotopes. At watershed-scale, isotopic compositions of stream water changed linearly from upstream end to downstream end, suggesting streamflow consisted of two endmembers. We then quantified groundwater discharge to the stream based on measurement of streamflow and surface lateral inflow/outflow during both irrigation and non-irrigation periods. This water balance method yielded large uncertainties in the estimation due to errors in streamflow measurement, while Sr isotopes provided well constrained estimates during both irrigation and non-irrigation periods. The ratios of groundwater to the stream, estimated from Sr isotopes, was in the range 7–86 % during the irrigation period and 38–66 % during the non-irrigation period. Stable isotopes of water also provided good estimates during the non-irrigation period but underestimated groundwater discharge during the irrigation period due to the ill-defined groundwater end member. The use of Sr isotopes has the potential to aid in quantification of temporal variations in groundwater discharge and to provide important information for water resource managers.
Inundation mapping based on reach-scale effective geometry
Authors: Rebolho Cédric , Andréassian Vazken , Le Moine Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The production of spatially accurate representations of potential inundation
is often limited by the lack of available data as well as model complexity.
We present in this paper a new approach for rapid inundation mapping, MHYST,
which is well adapted for data-scarce areas; it combines hydraulic geometry
concepts for channels and DEM data for floodplains. Its originality lies in
the fact that it does not work at the cross section scale but computes
effective geometrical properties to describe the reach scale. Combining
reach-scale geometrical properties with 1-D steady-state flow equations,
MHYST computes a topographically coherent relation between the “height above
nearest drainage” and streamflow. This relation can then be used on a past
or future event to produce inundation maps. The MHYST approach is tested here
on an extreme flood event that occurred in France in May–June 2016. The
results indicate that it has a tendency to slightly underestimate inundation
extents, although efficiency criteria values are clearly encouraging. The
spatial distribution of model performance is discussed and it shows that the
model can perform very well on most reaches, but has difficulties modelling
the more complex, urbanised reaches. MHYST should not be seen as a rival to
detailed inundation studies, but as a first approximation able to rapidly
provide inundation maps in data-scarce areas.
Precise linear measurements using a calibrated reference workpiece without temperature measurements
Authors: Sumin Dmytro , Tutsch Rainer
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We suggest a procedure for the correction of the errors caused by thermal
expansion of a workpiece and the scale of a linear measuring instrument (coordinate
measuring machines, length measuring machines, etc.) when linear measurements
are performed at nonstandard temperature. We use a calibrated reference
workpiece but do not require temperature measurements. An estimation of the
measurement uncertainty and application examples are given.
Sustainable Healthy Food Choices: Dietary Guidelines and International Economic Law
Authors: Voon Tania , Johnson Hope Nadine
Published: November 2018

Building on the companion piece by Christine Parker and Hope Johnson on international instruments supporting holistic dietary guidelines, this article examines potential concerns raised by such guidelines under international trade law and international investment law. Drawing lessons from the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (‘WHO FCTC’) and its relevance to recent disputes in international economic law, this article examines the role of international instruments in supporting domestic dietary guidelines that could be challenged in the dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) or under investor-state dispute settlement. The article includes an assessment of the potential impact of international economic laws on holistic dietary guidelines and related regulatory interventions, as well as a discussion of how a WHO treaty on healthy and sustainable diets could influence the interpretation and application of key trade and investment provisions. The article concludes that holistic dietary guidelines can be implemented in a manner consistent with international economic law, at least if local products are not prioritised.
Sustainable Healthy Food Choices: The Promise of ‘Holistic’ Dietary Guidelines as a National and International Policy Springboard
Authors: Parker Christine , Johnson Hope Nadine
Published: November 2018

A healthy diet is generally a sustainable diet. This point is illustrated in the large body of work exploring the interconnections between public health nutrition and environmental issues associated with food choices. Unhealthy diets and their contribution to diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are receiving growing attention from international and national policy-makers. Dietary guidelines that inform consumers about food choices and that shape policy actions to enable choices in line with the guidelines are foundational to both national and international responses to diet-related NCDs. The purpose of this paper is to argue for holistic dietary guidelines as part of national and international policy responses to diet-related NCDs. Holistic dietary guidelines simultaneously address health and environmental sustainability to address common causes and harness synergistic solutions. They are based on evidence, and free of conflicts of interest. Moreover, they act as a policy springboard for effective regulatory action to change the food environment and not just as an education tool. Holistic dietary guidelines raise potential concerns under international trade and investment law, for example, to the extent that such guidelines promote local products as a means of supporting both nutritional and environmental health. These issues will be examined in more depth in a second paper in this special issue that follows on from this one.
Review on Quality Management Model based on Process Approach
Authors: Guo Hongfei , Zhang Ru , Zou Min , Yang Junda , Zhang Jingge , He Zhihui , Qu Ting , Li Congdong , Huang Guoquan
Published: November 2018

As one of the core methods of the quality management system in the automotive industry, the process approach is an important tool for realizing the quality assurance of complex manufacturing systems with multi-sector, multi-process and multi-quality indicators. This paper first gives an overview of the quality management in the automotive industry, and then introduces the research status of the quality management system based on process approach in the industry, providing direction for the automotive industry in both research and practice of process-approach based quality management models.
The Rise and Fall of Periodical Studies?
Authors: Wulfman Clifford
Published: November 2018

Changes in technology, funding, and collaborative relationships with libraries have cast doubt on the continued development of thematic research collections centered on digitized magazines. This article discusses the differences among technologies of digital remediation and the difference between a digitized library and a digital library, and it traces the history of Blue Mountain, a multifaceted project to create digital resources for the study of avant-garde periodicals. The article concludes with a call to develop a new model of magazine digitization based on the notion of the digital edition.
Hematological cellular alterations in plateletpheresis donors
Authors: Mahmoud Fayed Hanan , Shaker Ali Sanaa , Salah Eldin Eman
Published: November 2018

Aims: Blood contact with foreign surfaces in the apheresis systems may activate many cell types that return back to the donor. However, the safety issue regarding post-procedure platelet activation is not well assessed. We aimed to evaluate the alterations in hematological parameters and to explore the formation of platelets leukocytes aggregates (PLAs) and/or complexes in healthy donors who underwent first-time plateletpheresis procedure.

Methods: Blood from 100 healthy donors were assessed by BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer for: a) detection of PLAs using (CD41, CD42b, CD61) antibodies against platelets surface molecules to detect its expression on neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and b) evaluation of red cell mechanical fragility (RBC-MF).

Results: After donation a significant decrement of donor blood cell counts; the percent (%) reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) 7.9(5.1–9.2) (p = 0.017), hematocrit (Hct) 6(2.72-7.81) (p = 0.043) %, residual red cells (p = 0.016), platelet count (PLT) 22.7(9.5–32) (p = 0.031) together with a significant increase in the MPV (p = 0.001), the absolute neutrophil (p = 0.026) and lymphocyte count (p = 0.041) with an insignificant increase in absolute monocyte (p = 0.103), lymphocyte subsets count, CD4:CD8 ratio, and WBC count. However, there was significant increase in the median platelets complexed with neutrophil, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Conclusion: All donors had a significant drop in all blood counts; none of them manifested features of thrombocytopenia or anemia. However, an increase in PLAs formation provides an evidence of ongoing platelet activation, a platelet-leucocyte interaction that may induce a pre-thrombotic risk. This result is important to consider as it might have potential therapeutic implications. Nevertheless, more prospective studies are essential to establish guidelines for donor safety.
Patient blood management: Need of the hour
Authors: Mangwana Sadhana
Published: November 2018

No Abstract
OS CONCEITOS DA HISTÓRIA DE MARX E ENGELS À REVOLUÇÃO RUSSA: CONSCIÊNCIA, VIDA MATERIAL E LUTA DE CLASSES
Authors: Tubino Pianta Lucas
Published: November 2018

No século XIX Marx e Engels desenvolveram a teoria que serviria como impulso para que os Bolcheviques tomassem o poder e chegassem à revolução na Rússia no início do século XX. Porém, a própria revolução pôs em cheque as considerações de Marx e Engels ao mesmo tempo em que apresentava distinta fertilidade  no que diz respeito à produção da teoria marxista, assim como à produção historiográfica. Stalin e Trotsky, duas figuras que a história nos traz enquanto antagônicas dentro do processo revolucionário russo exerceram o papel de historiadores ao levantarem seus debates sobre a revolução, ambos na década de 1930.  Dentro de sua produção encontramos debates que giram em torno da teoria de Marx e Engels, assim como fatos novos que levaram a conclusões diferentes daquelas que rodavam as expectativas marxianas. É a partir destas conclusões que analisaremos Trotsky e Stalin enquanto historiadores.
As ocupações das escolas públicas e a defesa da Sociologia no Ensino Médio
Authors: Pacheco Carolina Simões , Mattar Kamille Brescansin
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho tem como tema central as reformas educacionais aprovadas em 2017 (MP 746 e PEC 55), em que a Sociologia deixa de ser obrigatória, e a consequente mobilização estudantil com a ocupação de centenas de escolas públicas no país. Nosso objetivo principal é propor uma reflexão, através da ênfase no movimento das ocupações, sobre a forma como os estudantes estão vivenciando e compreendendo as discussões sobre educação. Disso, surge o objetivo específico em debater qual é a finalidade potencial que a disciplina de Sociologia assume nesse processo, tanto a partir da perspectiva legislativa e histórica quanto da narrativa dos próprios estudantes dentro das ocupações. Diante disso, partimos nossa análise da implementação da Sociologia como um processo intermitente no Brasil, evidenciando a fragilidade da sua permanência na grade curricular; para em seguida, discutir qual a experiência escolar desses jovens enquanto estudantes e ocupantes. A hipótese aqui defendida é que essa experiência é negativa, e a retirada da obrigatoriedade da Sociologia reforça este processo. Por isso, a pergunta que nos norteia durante todo o trabalho é qual é a finalidade que a Sociologia pode e deve assumir neste contexto. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Sociologia, juventude, participação política.
Limites e avanços do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV): o caso do Conjunto Habitacional Jardim Europa em Fazenda Rio Grande
Authors: Ribeiro Corina Alessandra Bezerra Carril , Bega Maria Tarcisa Silva
Published: November 2018

Desde 2003, com a criação do Ministério das Cidades, o Brasil tem se destacado pela implantação de Políticas Públicas habitacionais como o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) criado em 2007 e o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), de 2009, que contaram com grande divulgação na mídia. Segundo o governo federal o PMCMV é a maior niciativa de acesso à casa própria já criada no Brasil (Ministério das Cidades, 2016, p.22). O PMCMV apresenta avanços significativos como Política Pública quanto ao acesso à moradia para milhares de famílias de baixa renda, entretanto, houve a ocorrência de erros na execução dos projetos; qualidade do material construtivo e localização dos conjuntos, os quais demonstraram a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento e incorporação de melhorias. A pesquisa indica que o PMCMV além do acesso à casa própria representa um primeiro passo para o exercício da cidadania, mas, necessita de aperfeiçoamento contínuo e de Políticas Públicas integradas. O problema da habitação vai além do morar, sendo necessário que sejam disponibilizados aos beneficiários os serviços e equipamentos públicos necessários, tais como transporte, escola, emprego, saúde, acesso a serviços e áreas de lazer para que as famílias morem de forma adequada. Palavras-chave: Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida; Fazenda Rio Grande;Conjunto Jardim Europa.
Adoption of Population-Level Statistical Methods Did Transform Psychological Science but For the Better: Commentary on Lamiell (2018)
Authors: Proctor Robert W. , Xiong Aiping
Published: November 2018

Lamiell presents a case that differential psychology (the study of individual differences) and experimental psychology should properly be classified as a form of demography (psychodemography) rather than psychology. He indicates that individual differences pertain to correlations in a population and maintains that mainstream psychology misinterprets such correlations as attributes of individuals. Lamiell also claims that because experimental psychology uses group designs, it too is demography, and he recommends that experimental psychology return to “genuinely appropriate” methods of deriving general laws from the study of individuals. We disagree with Lamiell’s assessment and classifications, and we emphasize that group experiments have yielded considerable knowledge about the nature of information processing in individuals.
The Effectiveness of Price Bands on Emerging Markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Chaturvedula Chakrapani , Rastogi Nikhil
Published: November 2018

We study the impact of price bands in the Indian capital markets and following the methodology of Kim and Rhee (1997) we do not find evidence in support of the volatility spillover hypothesis. Our evidence suggests that price limits does not hinder the price discovery process and may play an important role in reducing the volatility of stock prices in the emerging markets like India.
Directions of the Finishing of Fibres and Textile Development
Authors: Czaplicki Zdzisław , Matyjas-Zgondek Edyta , Serweta Wioleta
Published: November 2018

The development of textile finishing techniques and technologies outside of reports in world-wide publications is also very visible at subsequent fairs. At international fairs, such as ITMA, ATMA and FESPA, machine, equipment and dye manufacturers present new techniques and technologies. The development of chemical fibre processing nowadays goes mainly towards the “ecological optimisation” of technological processes as well as the economics of processes. In this article, the main development directions of the chemical treatment of textiles in the field of the pre-treatment, bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing of textile products are discussed.
Snijders-Oomen neverbální inteligenční test - recenze metody
Authors: Chvojková Edita , Postulka Štěpán , Horáková Tereza
Published: November 2018

SON-R 2½-7 je baterie pro měření fluidní inteligence určena pro děti ve věku 2;4 až 7;7 let. Jedná se o třetí revizi neverbálního inteligenčního testu původně určeného neslyšícím dětem. Později došlo k rozšíření metody i pro děti slyšící a poslední revize už obsahuje normy obecné. Svými autory je test považován za kulturně univerzální právě díky neverbální povaze, která na testované dítě neklade specifické nároky v podobě jazykových schopností.Dle našeho názoru je metoda použitelná v oblasti klinické, školní a poradenské psychologie. Omezená je pouze svou menší diferenciační schopností na obou koncích věkového rozložení. Kromě PPP a dalších specializovaných center najde využití i ve výzkumu. Vhodné je SON-R 2½ – 7 používat jako potvrzení výsledků předešlých metod či v situacích, kdy nelze administrovat běžnější inteligenční test. Metodu považujeme za kvalitní a je podle nás škoda, že česká adaptace nedosahuje kvalit odpovídajících testu samotnému, čímž jeho interpretační možnosti spíše narušuje.
Anatomia da madeira de Acacia plumosa Lowe (Leguminosae Mimodoideae)
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: November 2018

The objective of this work is to study the wood anatomy of Acacia plumosa Lowe. The anatomical structure presents semi-ring porosity, vessel members of very short to short length, simple perforation plates, intervascular pits with vestures, axial parenchyma in paratracheal vasicentric and marginal crystalliferous arrangement, homogeneous and commonly biseriate rays, and septate libriform fibres. The presence of intercellular axial channels and cellular channels in the ray structure are of great taxonomic value. The late feature was unknown to the genus Acacia. The wood anatomy indicates that the species studied can be, classified in the series Vulgares Bentham, which corresponds, in general lines, to the sub-genus Aculeiferum of the Vassal's system.
Activisme autochtone et production audiovisuelle au Mato Grosso do Sul, Brésil
Authors: Castilho da Silva Marta
Published: November 2018

Au Brésil, la population autochtone compte près de 900 000 personnes réparties en 305 groupes autochtones. La deuxième population autochtone la plus nombreuse se concentre dans l’État du Mato Grosso do Sul. Cet État est devenu un pôle de production agroalimentaire et de biocarburant à grande échelle, et sa population autochtone est à présent la plus menacée du pays. Dans cet article, basé sur son travail de terrain au Mato Grosso do Sul, l’auteure analyse comment les pratiques de l’audiovisuel s’inscrivent dans l’activisme autochtone. Cet activisme s’est développé à partir de 2008 pour prévenir la désintégration sociale des groupes autochtones et pour affirmer leur identité.
For and against PEGs: Why we need multi-ordered grammars
Authors: Papoulias Nick
Published: November 2018

Since their introduction in 2004, Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs for short) have been gaining widespread adoption both in industry and academia. More than 400 subsequent works cite B. Ford's original paper, while a total of 29 implementations in 14 different programming languages are reported in active use. Nevertheless reviewing PEG-related bibliography reveals that the original argumentation in favor of PEGs has actually been weakened by subsequent work, regarding basic parsing features such as (a) recursion handling and (b) associativity support. To this day all proposed enhancements either address these issues in isolation or in implementation specific ways. It is still unclear if there is a single way to parse PEGs without facing these issues or introducing implementation directives external to the formalism. Our subsequent analysis takes us a step further, questioning the very core of the initial PEG proposal: (c) by design unambiguous grammars. We then discuss why a form of ordered choice and conditional operators that PEGs advocate are worth saving, but only within a wider synthesis that could address the aforementioned issues. To this end we present our on-going effort with the Gray algorithm and MOGs (Multi-Ordered Grammars), a possible alternative to the PEG and CFG formalisms.
Two field studies on the effects of alcohol on eyewitness identification, confidence, and decision times
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Broers Nick J. , van Oorsouw Kim
Published: November 2018

In two field studies, bar tenants (Ns = 86 and 190, respectively) were successively approached by confederates C1 and C2 on a night out. Confederate C3 then presented participants with a six‐person target‐absent or target‐present lineup concerning C1 or C2 (immediate test). Several days later, participants viewed a lineup regarding the confederate they had not attempted to identify earlier (C1/C2; delayed test). An immediate compared with a delayed, sober identification test did not increase the risk of a false identification decision. A blood alcohol concentration of 0.06–0.07% best discriminated accurate from inaccurate decisions. Choosers with a blood alcohol concentration ≤ 0.06% showed excellent calibration and little overconfidence, and their confidence was a strong indicator of accuracy (i.e., good resolution). Choosers with a higher intoxication level displayed poor calibration and strong overconfidence. Nonchoosers were generally poorly calibrated. Combined analyses showed a negative effect of intoxication on one's ability to discriminate the target from nontargets.
Intermetallic Electride Catalyst as a Platform for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Wu Jiazhen , Li Jiang , Gong Yutong , Kitano Masaaki , Inoshita Takeshi , Hosono Hideo
Published: November 2018

Electrides loaded with transition‐metal (TM) nanoparticles have recently attracted attention as emerging materials for catalytic NH3 synthesis. However, they suffer from disadvantages associated with the growth and aggregation of nanoparticles. TM‐containing intermetallic electrides appear to be promising catalysts with the advantages of both electrides and transition metals in a single phase. LaRuSi is reported here to be an intermetallic electride with superior activity for NH3 synthesis, and direct evidence is provided supporting its electride‐character‐induced catalytic performance. The discussion is made mainly based on the contrasting synthesis rates over the isostructural compounds LaRuSi, CaRuSi, and LaRu2Si2, and the N2 isotope‐exchange reactions over these compounds. Lattice hydride ions, which can reversibly exchange with anionic electrons, are shown to be indispensable in the promotion of NHx formation. The mechanism derived from the present findings provides new guidelines for NH3 synthesis.
Jugendherberge Bayreuth: konzeptionell innovativ und tragstrukturell hybrid
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan , Dengler Christoph , Streib Johannes
Published: November 2018

Der Neubau der Jugendherberge Bayreuth ist ein Vorzeigeprojekt der Modernisierungs‐ und Erneuerungsstrategie des Deutschen Jugendherbergswerks. Er ist Bestandteil eines Gesamtkonzepts zur Entwicklung von architektonisch und sozial zeitgemäßen Jugendgästehäusern, das in Form von prototypischen Bauwerken umgesetzt werden und Ausgangspunkt für eine neue Generation von Jugendherbergsgebäuden sein soll. Ziel des Konzepts ist eine funktional und gestalterisch anspruchsvolle Neuinterpretation der Bauaufgabe Jugendherberge. Insbesondere gehören zu dieser Strategie innovative räumliche Konfigurationen, Nachhaltigkeit in funktionaler, baulicher und energetischer Hinsicht sowie die Verbindung von kulturellen und sportlichen Angeboten. Das Tragwerk des Gebäudes ist im Sinne dieser übergeordneten Planungsziele in einer Hybridbauweise aus Holz und Stahlbeton gebaut. In tragwerksplanerischer Hinsicht bemerkenswert sind insbesondere eine geometrisch komplexe, doppelt gekrümmte Dachkonstruktion in Holzbauweise und der Einsatz von parametrischen Planungswerkzeugen.
High‐voltage electrostatic field‐induced oxidative stress: Characterization of the physiological effects in Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) across multiple generations
Authors: Luo Kun , Luo Chen , Li Guangyu , Yao Xinjian , Gao Rui , Hu Zuqing , Zhang Gaisheng , Zhao Huiyan
Published: November 2018

In recent decades, man‐made electric fields have greatly increased the intensity of electrostatic fields that are pervasively present in the environment. To better understand the physiological alterations exhibited by herbivorous insects in response to changing electric environments, we determined the activities of anti‐oxidative enzymes and the metabolic rate of Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) over multiple generations in response to direct and host‐seed exposure to a high‐voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) of varying strength for different durations. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, 20‐min direct exposure of S. avenae and wheat seeds to a 2‐ or 4‐kV/cm HVEF resulted in significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the sixth, 11th, 16th, and 21st generations relative to the control activities, whereas significantly decreased SOD activity was detected in the second generation. In addition, the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in S. avenae showed significant decreases over multiple generations. We also examined the suppressive effects of the duration of 4‐kV/cm treatment on aphid physiology. The results showed that exposure to the 4‐kV/cm HVEF for 20 min exerted adverse effects on CAT and POD activities and significantly decreased the metabolic rates of S. avenae, as demonstrated through evaluations of CO2 production rate, and these parameters were not significantly affected by higher HVEF durations. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of plant–pest interactions under novel HVEF environments and provide information that can improve integrated management strategies for S. avenae. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:52–61, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting Genes in Single Genomes with AUGUSTUS
Authors: Hoff Katharina J. , Stanke Mario
Published: November 2018

AUGUSTUS is a tool for finding protein‐coding genes and their exon‐intron structure in genomic sequences. It does not necessarily require additional experimental input, as it can be applied in so‐called ab initio mode. However, extrinsic evidence from various sources such as transcriptome sequencing or the annotations of closely related genomes can be integrated in order to improve the accuracy and completeness of the annotation. AUGUSTUS can be applied to single genomes, or simultaneously to several aligned genomes. Here, we describe steps required for training AUGUSTUS for the annotation of individual genomes and the steps to do the actual structural annotation. Further, we describe the generation and integration of evidence from various sources of extrinsic evidence. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
From Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 to Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Representative Substance for the General Study of Pioneering MOF Applications
Authors: Zou Dianting , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Jianyong
Published: November 2018

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensely studied for the past few decades as an enormous family of highly tunable porous materials with promisingly applicable functionalities in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensing, electrochemistry, and a great number of emerging purposes. As a classic MOF, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is conventionally one of the very few MOF members that has been commercialized with considerable production. Its large surface areas, well‐controlled porosity and textural tunability, high thermal and chemical stability allows researchers to conduct enormous studies on derivatives of MOFs and MOF‐related composites using ZIF‐8 as the prior sampling substance. However, despite all the remarkable discoveries leading almost all aspects of future applications of MOFs, no specific work has yet been done to recapitulatively summarize these achievements centered around the current limitations and prospects of their common demonstrator, ZIF‐8, for its integration into real processes or applications, thus drastically blinding people from distinctly observing the inner correlations among all these researches. To wipe out this confusion and make the usages of ZIF‐8 both in applicable systems and upfront explorations much more understandable and convenient to all researches of relevant application areas, this review aims at offering clear guidance, experience, and references by meticulously categorizing published works associated with ZIF‐8.
USP14 promotes K63‐linked RIG‐I deubiquitination and suppresses antiviral immune responses
Authors: Li Hongrui , Zhao Zizhao , Ling Jing , Pan Linhui , Zhao Xibao , Zhu Huihui , Yu Juan , Xie Bin , Shen Jianzhong , Chen Weilin
Published: November 2018

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) is a critical RNA virus sensor that initiates antiviral immune response through K63‐linked ubiquitination. In this study, we demonstrated USP14, a deubiquitinating enzyme, as a negative regulator in antiviral responses by directly deubiquitinating K63‐linked RIG‐I. USP14 knockdown significantly enhanced RIG‐I‐triggered type I IFN signaling and inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication both in mouse peritoneal macrophages and THP1 cells. USP14 overexpression in HeLa cells attenuated RIG‐I‐triggered IFN‐β expression and promoted VSV replication. Besides, USP14‐specific inhibitor, IU1, increased RIG‐I‐mediated type I IFN production and antiviral responses in vitro and in vivo. In addition, USP14 could interact with RIG‐I and remove RIG‐I K63‐linked polyubiquitination chains. This article is the first to report that USP14 acts as a negative regulator in antiviral response through deubiquitinating K63‐linked RIG‐I. These findings provide insights into a potential new therapy targeting USP14 for RNA virus‐related diseases.
Tetranuclear MnII/ZnII and Novel Azido‐Bridged Chair‐Shaped Heptanuclear CdII Compounds: The Effect of Metal Ion and Coordination Mode of the Azide Group on the Structure of the Products
Authors: Afkhami Farhad Akbari , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Khandar Ali Akbar , Franconetti Antonio , Zangrando Ennio , Qureshi Naseem , Lipkowski Janusz , Gurbanov Atash V. , Frontera Antonio
Published: November 2018

We report two tetranuclear compounds [MnL(N3)]4 (1), [Zn4L4(N3)2][Zn(N3)4]·3H2O (2) and a novel heptanuclear cluster [Cd7L6(N3)6](NO3)1.33(N3)0.66·12H2O (3) where L is a hydrazone Schiff base ligand based on pyridine. The ligand acts as a negatively charged tetradentate N3O‐donor ligand and coordinates to the metal centers in the enolic form in 1–3. However, in compound 2, the ligand coordinated to the ZnII ion in the two different coordination modes. Metal centers in 1 and 2, bridged by the organic ligand form tetranuclear metal organic complexes and the N3– anion acts as terminal ligand. In compound 3, N3– acts as bridging ligand to the cadmium(II) centers, and form a rare heptanuclear cluster with an interesting chair conformation. The latter compound is a novel azido‐bridged chair‐shaped heptanuclear CdII cluster that guides the formation of a water hexamer in the solid state. It acts as a robust binding block in the recognition of nitrate. The ability of the water hexamer to bind anions has been analyzed using DFT calculations and several computational tools.
Diagnosis, anatomy, and electromyography profiles of 73 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves
Authors: Wang Tie , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Zhang Daqi , Bian Xuehai , Zhou Le , Fu Yantao , Zhang Guang , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Hui
Published: November 2018

Background

The purpose of this work was to compare methods of detecting nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (NRLNs).

Methods

Specificity and sensitivity were compared in three NRLN detection methods: CT, electromyography (EMG), and A‐B point comparison.

Results

A total of 73 intraoperative pictures and 36 CT details of NRLNs are presented. Incidence of NRLN was 0.39%. Type I NRLN accounted for 50.7%, type IIA 45.2%, type IIB 4.1%. The NRLN median latency was 2.13 ms vs 3.00 ms median in an RLN control group (P < .001). When the threshold was set to 2.5 ms, EMG latency detection had 96.7% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity for detecting NRLN, and the A‐B point comparison algrithm had 97.3% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity. Combining EMG latency detection with A‐B point comparison achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting NRLN.

Conclusion

This is the largest series of NRLN presented in the literature. Latency shorter than 2.50 ms combined with the A‐B point comparison method is the ideal algorithm procedure for early NRLN identification.
Lung inflammation and disease: A perspective on microbial homeostasis and metabolism
Authors: Mendez Roberto , Banerjee Sulagna , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K. , Banerjee Santanu
Published: November 2018

It is now well appreciated that the human microbiome plays a significant role in a number of processes in the body, significantly affecting its metabolic, inflammatory, and immune homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that almost every mucosal surface in the human body is associated with a resident commensal microbiome of its own. While the gut microbiome and its role in regulation of host metabolism along with its alteration in a disease state has been well studied, there is a lacuna in understanding the resident microbiota of other mucosal surfaces. Among these, the scientific information on the role of lung microbiota in pulmonary diseases is currently severely limited. Historically, lungs have been considered to be sterile and lung diseases have only been studied in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. Recently however, studies have revealed a resilient microbiome in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and there is increased evidence on its central role in respiratory diseases. Knowledge of lung microbiome and its metabolic fallout (local and systemic) is still in its nascent stages and attracting immense interest in recent times. In this review, we will provide a perspective on lung‐associated metabolic disorders defined for lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and respiratory depression due to infection) and correlate it with lung microbial perturbation. Such perturbations may be due to altered biochemical or metabolic stress as well. Finally, we will draw evidence from microbiome and classical microbiology literature to demonstrate how specific lung morbidities associate with specific metabolic characteristics of the disease, and with the role of microbiome in this context. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):152–165, 2019