bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear-strain-mediated large nonvolatile tuning of ferromagnetic resonance by an electric field in multiferroic heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Ming , Usami Takamasa , Taniyama Tomoyasu
Published: January 2021

Controlling magnetism by an electric field is of critical importance for the future development of ultralow-power electronic and spintronic devices. Progress has been made in electrically driven nonvolatile tuning of magnetic states in multiferroic heterostructures for the information storage industry, which is exclusively attributed to the ferroelectric-polarization-switching-induced interfacial charge effect or nonlinear lattice strain effect. Here, we demonstrate that a hitherto unappreciated shear strain in the ferroelectric 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 substrate triggered by an electric field can be adopted to obtain robust nonvolatile control of the ferromagnetic resonance in an elastically coupled epitaxial Fe70Rh30 thin film. The disappearance of the resonance peak in a low-field-sweeping mode and the large resonance field shift of 111 Oe upon polarization switching demonstrate a strong shear-strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling effect. In particular, in situ Kerr measurement identifies that the nonvolatile magnetic switching purely originates from electric-field-induced 109° ferroelastic domain switching rather than from 71°/180° ferroelectric domain switching even without the assistance of a magnetic field. This discovery illustrates the role of shear strain in achieving electrically tunable nonvolatile modulation of dynamic magnetic properties, and favors the design of future energy-efficient magnetoelectric microwave devices.
Efficient phonon cascades in WSe2 monolayers
Authors: Paradisanos Ioannis , Wang Gang , Alexeev Evgeny M. , Cadore Alisson R. , Marie Xavier , Ferrari Andrea C. , Glazov Mikhail M. , Urbaszek Bernhard
Published: January 2021

Energy relaxation of photo-excited charge carriers is of significant fundamental interest and crucial for the performance of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in optoelectronics. The primary stages of carrier relaxation affect a plethora of subsequent physical mechanisms. Here we measure light scattering and emission in tungsten diselenide monolayers close to the laser excitation energy (down to ~0.6 meV). We reveal a series of periodic maxima in the hot photoluminescence intensity, stemming from energy states higher than the A-exciton state. We find a period ~15 meV for 7 peaks below (Stokes) and 5 peaks above (anti-Stokes) the laser excitation energy, with a strong temperature dependence. These are assigned to phonon cascades, whereby carriers undergo phonon-induced transitions between real states above the free-carrier gap with a probability of radiative recombination at each step. We infer that intermediate states in the conduction band at the Λ-valley of the Brillouin zone participate in the cascade process of tungsten diselenide monolayers. This provides a fundamental understanding of the first stages of carrier–phonon interaction, useful for optoelectronic applications of layered semiconductors.
CRISPR technologies and the search for the PAM-free nuclease
Authors: Collias Daphne , Beisel Chase L.
Published: January 2021

The ever-expanding set of CRISPR technologies and their programmable RNA-guided nucleases exhibit remarkable flexibility in DNA targeting. However, this flexibility comes with an ever-present constraint: the requirement for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) flanking each target. While PAMs play an essential role in self/nonself discrimination by CRISPR-Cas immune systems, this constraint has launched a far-reaching expedition for nucleases with relaxed PAM requirements. Here, we review ongoing efforts toward realizing PAM-free nucleases through natural ortholog mining and protein engineering. We also address potential consequences of fully eliminating PAM recognition and instead propose an alternative nuclease repertoire covering all possible PAM sequences.
Group-level cooperation in chimpanzees is shaped by strong social ties
Authors: Samuni Liran , Crockford Catherine , Wittig Roman M.
Published: January 2021

Humans maintain extensive social ties of varying preferences, providing a range of opportunities for beneficial cooperative exchange that may promote collective action and our unique capacity for large-scale cooperation. Similarly, non-human animals maintain differentiated social relationships that promote dyadic cooperative exchange, but their link to cooperative collective action is little known. Here, we investigate the influence of social relationship properties on male and female chimpanzee participations in a costly form of group action, intergroup encounters. We find that intergroup encounter participation increases with a greater number of other participants as well as when participants are maternal kin or social bond partners, and that these effects are independent from one another and from the likelihood to associate with certain partners. Together, strong social relationships between kin and non-kin facilitate group-level cooperation in one of our closest living relatives, suggesting that social bonds may be integral to the evolution of cooperation in our own species.
Constraining tectonic uplift and advection from the main drainage divide of a mountain belt
Authors: He Chuanqi , Yang Ci-Jian , Turowski Jens M. , Rao Gang , Roda-Boluda Duna C. , Yuan Xiao-Ping
Published: January 2021

One of the most conspicuous features of a mountain belt is the main drainage divide. Divide location is influenced by a number of parameters, including tectonic uplift and horizontal advection. Thus, the topography of mountain belts can be used as an archive to extract tectonic information. Here we combine numerical landscape evolution modelling and analytical solutions to demonstrate that mountain asymmetry, determined by the location of the main drainage divide, increases with increasing uplift gradient and advection velocity. Then, we provide a conceptual framework to constrain the present or previous tectonic uplift and advection of a mountain belt from the location and migration direction of its main drainage divide. Furthermore, we apply our model to Wula Shan horst, Northeastern Sicily, and Southern Taiwan.
Nanobody-mediated control of gene expression and epigenetic memory
Authors: Van Mike V. , Fujimori Taihei , Bintu Lacramioara
Published: January 2021

Targeting chromatin regulators to specific genomic locations for gene control is emerging as a powerful method in basic research and synthetic biology. However, many chromatin regulators are large, making them difficult to deliver and combine in mammalian cells. Here, we develop a strategy for gene control using small nanobodies that bind and recruit endogenous chromatin regulators to a gene. We show that an antiGFP nanobody can be used to simultaneously visualize GFP-tagged chromatin regulators and control gene expression, and that nanobodies against HP1 and DNMT1 can silence a reporter gene. Moreover, combining nanobodies together or with other regulators, such as DNMT3A or KRAB, can enhance silencing speed and epigenetic memory. Finally, we use the slow silencing speed and high memory of antiDNMT1 to build a signal duration timer and recorder. These results set the basis for using nanobodies against chromatin regulators for controlling gene expression and epigenetic memory.
The long noncoding RNA lncCIRBIL disrupts the nuclear translocation of Bclaf1 alleviating cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Xiaofang , Cai Benzhi , Li Ying , Jiang Yuan , Fu Xiaoyu , Zhao Yue , Gao Haiyu , Yang Ying , Yang Jiming , Li Shangxuan , Wu Hao , Jin Xuexin , Xue Genlong , Yang Jiqin , Ma Wenbo , Han Qilong , Tian Tao , Li Yue , Yang Baofeng , Lu Yanjie , Pan Zhenwei
Published: January 2021

Cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process resulting in cardiomyocyte death. The present study aims to evaluate the role of the long noncoding RNA Cardiac Injury-Related Bclaf1-Inhibiting LncRNA (lncCIRBIL) on cardiac I/R injury and delineate its mechanism of action. The level of lncCIRBIL is reduced in I/R hearts. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of lncCIRBIL reduces infarct area following I/R injury. Knockout of lncCIRBIL in mice exacerbates cardiac I/R injury. Qualitatively, the same results are observed in vitro. LncCIRBIL directly binds to BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (Bclaf1), to inhibit its nuclear translocation. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of Bclaf1 worsens, while partial knockout of Bclaf1 mitigates cardiac I/R injury. Meanwhile, partial knockout of Bclaf1 abrogates the detrimental effects of lncCIRBIL knockout on cardiac I/R injury. Collectively, the protective effect of lncCIRBIL on I/R injury is accomplished by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of Bclaf1. LncCIRBIL and Bclaf1 are potential therapeutic targets for ischemic cardiac disease.
A hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O2 nanoeconomizer for on-demand synergistic photothermally boosted radiotherapy
Authors: Tang Wei , Yang Zhen , He Liangcan , Deng Liming , Fathi Parinaz , Zhu Shoujun , Li Ling , Shen Bo , Wang Zhantong , Jacobson Orit , Song Jibin , Zou Jianhua , Hu Ping , Wang Min , Mu Jing , Cheng Yaya , Ma Yuanyuan , Tang Longguang , Fan Wenpei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2021

The outcome of radiotherapy is significantly restricted by tumor hypoxia. To overcome this obstacle, one prevalent solution is to increase intratumoral oxygen supply. However, its effectiveness is often limited by the high metabolic demand for O2 by cancer cells. Herein, we develop a hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O2 nanoeconomizer pHPFON-NO/O2 to combat tumor hypoxia. Our solution is twofold: first, the pHPFON-NO/O2 interacts with the acidic tumor microenvironment to release NO for endogenous O2 conservation; second, it releases O2 in response to mild photothermal effect to enable exogenous O2 infusion. Additionally, the photothermal effect can be increased to eradicate tumor residues with radioresistant properties due to other factors. This “reducing expenditure of O2 and broadening sources” strategy significantly alleviates tumor hypoxia in multiple ways, greatly enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrates the synergy between on-demand temperature-controlled photothermal and oxygen-elevated radiotherapy for complete tumor response.
Effects of systemic inflammation on relapse in early breast cancer
Authors: McAndrew Nicholas P. , Bottalico Lisa , Mesaros Clementina , Blair Ian A. , Tsao Patricia Y. , Rosado Jennifer M. , Ganguly Tapan , Song Sarah J. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Mao Jun J. , DeMichele Angela
Published: January 2021

Chronic inflammation has been a proposed mechanism of resistance to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Stratifying by HER2 status, a matched case-control study from the Wellness After Breast Cancer-II cohort was performed to assess whether or not elevated serum inflammatory biomarkers (C-Reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and serum amyloid A [SAA]) and/or the presence of a high-risk IL-6 promoter genotype were associated with recurrence of hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer. Estrogen levels were also measured and correlated with biomarkers and disease outcomes. CRP and SAA were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence in the HR+/HER2− group, but not the HR+/HER2+ group. Mean serum estrogen levels were non-significantly elevated in patients who relapsed vs. non-relapsed patients. Surprisingly, high-risk IL-6 promoter polymorphisms were strongly associated with HER2+ breast cancer relapse, which has potential therapeutic implications, as elevated intracellular IL-6 has been associated with trastuzumab resistance in pre-clinical models.
Cognitive and MRI trajectories for prediction of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mofrad Samaneh A. , Lundervold Astri J. , Vik Alexandra , Lundervold Alexander S.
Published: January 2021

The concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used to describe the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and identification and treatment before further decline is an important clinical task. We selected longitudinal data from the ADNI database to investigate how well normal function (HC, n= 134) vs. conversion to MCI (cMCI, n= 134) and stable MCI (sMCI, n=333) vs. conversion to AD (cAD, n= 333) could be predicted from cognitive tests, and whether the predictions improve by adding information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Features representing trajectories of change in the selected cognitive and MRI measures were derived from mixed effects models and used to train ensemble machine learning models to classify the pairs of subgroups based on a subset of the data set. Evaluation in an independent test set showed that the predictions for HC vs. cMCI improved substantially when MRI features were added, with an increase in $$F_1$$

F
1

-score from 60 to 77%. The $$F_1$$

F
1

-scores for sMCI vs. cAD were 77% without and 78% with inclusion of MRI features. The results are in-line with findings showing that cognitive changes tend to manifest themselves several years after the Alzheimer’s disease is well-established in the brain.
Training basic numerical skills in children with Down syndrome using the computerized game “The Number Race”
Authors: Sella Francesco , Onnivello Sara , Lunardon Maristella , Lanfranchi Silvia , Zorzi Marco
Published: January 2021

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present reduced basic numerical skills, which have a negative impact on everyday numeracy and mathematical learning. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the adaptive (non-commercial) computerized game “The Number Race” in improving basic numerical skills in children with DS. The experimental group (EG; N = 30, Mage-in-months118, range 70–149) completed a training playing with “The Number Race”, whereas children in the control group (CG; N = 31, Mage-in-months138, range 76–207) worked with software aiming at improving their reading skills. The training lasted 10 weeks with two weekly sessions of 20–30 min each. We assessed both groups’ numerical and reading skills before and immediately after the end of the training, as well as at a 3-months follow-up. We found weak evidence for post-training groups differences in terms of overall numeracy score. However, the EG displayed substantial improvements in specific numerical skills and in mental calculation, which were maintained over time, and no improvement in reading. Conversely, the CG showed improvements in their reading skills as well as in number skills but to a lesser extent compared to the EG. Overall, “The Number Race” appears as a suitable tool to improve some aspects of numeracy in DS.
Laser-sound: optoacoustic transduction from digital audio streams
Authors: Kaleris Konstantinos , Stelzner Björn , Hatziantoniou Panagiotis , Trimis Dimosthenis , Mourjopoulos John
Published: January 2021

This work presents a novel laser-based optoacoustic transducer capable of reproducing controlled and continuous sound of arbitrary complexity in the air or on solid targets. Light-to-sound transduction is achieved via laser-induced breakdown, leading to the formation of plasma acoustic sources in any desired spatial location. The acoustic signal is encoded into pulse streams via a discrete-time audio modulation and is reproduced by fast consecutive excitation of the target medium with appropriately modulated laser pulses. This results in the signal being directly reconstructed at the desired location of the target medium without the need for a receiver or demodulation device. In this work, the principles and evaluation results of such a novel laser-sound prototype system are presented. The performance of the prototype is evaluated by systematic experimental measurements of audio test signals, from which the basic acoustical response is derived. Moreover, a generic computational model is presented that allows for the simulation of laser-sound reproduction of 1-bit or multibit audio streams. The model evaluations are validated by comparison with the acoustic measurements, whereby a good agreement is found. Finally, the computational model is used to simulate an ideal optoacoustic transducer based on the specifications of state-of-the-art commercially available lasers.
Effects of a commercially formulated glyphosate solutions at recommended concentrations on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) behaviours
Authors: Luo Qi-Hua , Gao Jing , Guo Yi , Liu Chang , Ma Yu-Zhen , Zhou Zhi-Yong , Dai Ping-Li , Hou Chun-Sheng , Wu Yan-Yan , Diao Qing-Yun
Published: January 2021

Glyphosate, the active ingredient of the most widely used commercial herbicide formulation, is extensively used and produced in China. Previous studies have reported sublethal effects of glyphosate on honeybees. However, the effects of commercially formulated glyphosate (CFG) at the recommended concentration (RC) on the chronic toxicity of honeybees, especially on their behaviours, remain unknown. In this study, a series of behavioural experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CFG on honeybees. The results showed that there was a significant decline in water responsiveness at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC after 3 h of exposure to CFG for 11 days. The CFG significantly reduced sucrose responsiveness at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. In addition, CFG significantly affected olfactory learning ability at 1/2 × , 1 × , and 2 × the RC and negatively affected memory ability at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. The climbing ability of honeybees also significantly decreased at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC. Our findings indicated that, after they were chronically exposed to CFG at the RC, honeybees exhibited behavioural changes. These results provide a theoretical basis for regulating field applications of CFG, which is necessary for establishing an early warning and notification system and for protecting honeybees.
Fluctuating environmental light limits number of surfaces visually recognizable by colour
Authors: Foster David H.
Published: January 2021

Small changes in daylight in the environment can produce large changes in reflected light, even over short intervals of time. Do these changes limit the visual recognition of surfaces by their colour? To address this question, information-theoretic methods were used to estimate computationally the maximum number of surfaces in a sample that can be identified as the same after an interval. Scene data were taken from successive hyperspectral radiance images. With no illumination change, the average number of surfaces distinguishable by colour was of the order of 10,000. But with an illumination change, the average number still identifiable declined rapidly with change duration. In one condition, the number after two minutes was around 600, after 10 min around 200, and after an hour around 70. These limits on identification are much lower than with spectral changes in daylight. No recoding of the colour signal is likely to recover surface identity lost in this uncertain environment.
Understanding the interactions of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride) nanoparticles with BHK-21 cell line
Authors: Mahadevan Gomathi , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: January 2021

Microplastic and nanoplastic particles are prevalent in the environment and are beginning to enter the living system through multiple channels. Currently, little is known about the impact of plastic nanoparticles in living organisms. In order to investigate the health impact of micro- and nanoparticles of common polymers in a systematic way, luminescent plastic nanoparticles from two common polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with relatively narrow size distribution are prepared using a nanoprecipitation method. As a model system, BHK-21 cells were exposed to polymer nanoparticles to understand the mode of uptake, internalization and biochemical changes inside the cells. The cellular effects of the nanoparticles were evaluated by monitoring the changes in cell viability, cell morphology, concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate dehydrogenase at different concentrations of the nanoparticles and time of exposure. PVC and PMMA nanoparticles induced a reduction in the cell viability along with a reduction of ATP and increase of ROS concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The plastic nanoparticles are internalized into the cell via endocytosis, as confirmed by Dynasore inhibition assay and colocalization with latex beads. Our findings suggest that plastic nanoparticle internalization could perturb cellular physiology and affect cell survival under laboratory conditions.
Peripheral-central interplay for fatiguing unresisted repetitive movements: a study using muscle ischaemia and M1 neuromodulation
Authors: Madinabeitia-Mancebo Elena , Madrid Antonio , Oliviero Antonio , Cudeiro Javier , Arias Pablo
Published: January 2021

Maximal-rate rhythmic repetitive movements cannot be sustained for very long, even if unresisted. Peripheral and central mechanisms of fatigue, such as the slowing of muscle relaxation and an increase in M1-GABAb inhibition, act alongside the reduction of maximal execution rates. However, maximal muscle force appears unaffected, and it is unknown whether the increased excitability of M1 GABAergic interneurons is an adaptation to the waning of muscle contractility in these movements. Here, we observed increased M1 GABAb inhibition at the end of 30 s of a maximal-rate finger-tapping (FT) task that caused fatigue and muscle slowdown in a sample of 19 healthy participants. The former recovered a few seconds after FT ended, regardless of whether muscle ischaemia was used to keep the muscle slowed down. Therefore, the increased excitability of M1-GABAb circuits does not appear to be mediated by afferent feedback from the muscle. In the same subjects, continuous (inhibitory) and intermittent (excitatory) theta-burst stimulation (TBS) was used to modulate M1 excitability and to understand the underlying central mechanisms within the motor cortex. The effect produced by TBS on M1 excitability did not affect FT performance. We conclude that fatigue during brief, maximal-rate unresisted repetitive movements has supraspinal components, with origins upstream of the motor cortex.
Author Correction: Anti-inflammatory effect of afatinib (an EGFR-TKI) on OGD-induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Yen-Ju , Hsu Chia-Chi , Shiao Young-Ji , Wang Hsiang-Tsui , Lo Yu-Li , Lin A. M. Y.
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Functional disruption of cortical cingulate activity attenuates visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety induced by acute experimental colitis
Authors: Brenner Lukas , Zerlin Leah , Tan Linette Liqi
Published: January 2021

Visceral pain is a highly complex experience and is the most common pathological feature in patients suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Whilst it is increasingly recognized that aberrant neural processing within the gut-brain axis plays a key role in development of neurological symptoms, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cortical activation patterns and effects of non-invasive chemogenetic suppression of cortical activity on visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-related phenotypes in a well-characterized mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found that within the widespread cortical network, the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) was consistently highly activated in response to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon. Furthermore, during acute experimental colitis, impairing the activity of the MCC successfully alleviated visceral hypersensitivity, anxiety-like behaviors and visceromotor responses to colorectal distensions (CRDs) via downregulating the excitability of the posterior insula (PI), somatosensory and the rostral anterior cingulate cortices (rACC), but not the prefrontal or anterior insula cortices. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the central cortical circuits underlying painful visceral manifestations and implicate MCC plasticity as a putative target in cingulate-mediated therapies for bowel disorders.
Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from the gut of subsistence farmers, their livestock, and the surrounding environment in rural Nepal
Authors: Subramanya Supram Hosuru , Bairy Indira , Metok Yang , Baral Bharat Prasad , Gautam Dipendra , Nayak Niranjan
Published: January 2021

The increasing trend of gut colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales has been observed in conventional farm animals and their owners. Still, such colonization among domesticated organically fed livestock has not been well studied. This study aimed to determine the gut colonization rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) among rural subsistence farming communities of the Kaski district in Nepal. Rectal swabs collected by systematic random sampling from 128 households of subsistence farming communities were screened for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and CPE by phenotypic and molecular methods. A total of 357 (57%) ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 626 specimens, which included 97 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (75.8%) from 128 adult humans, 101 (79.5%) from 127 of their children, 51 (47.7%) from 107 cattle, 26 (51%) from 51 goats, 30 (34.9%) from 86 poultry and 52 (42%) from 127 environmental samples. No CPE was isolated from any of the samples. blaCTX-M-15 was the most predominant gene found in animal (86.8%) and human (80.5%) isolates. Out of 308 Escherichia coli isolates, 16 human and two poultry isolates were positive for ST131 and were of clade C. Among non-cephalosporin antibiotics, the resistance rates were observed slightly higher in tetracycline and ciprofloxacin among all study subjects. This is the first one-health study in Nepal, demonstrating the high rate of CTX-M-15 type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among gut flora of subsistence-based farming communities. Gut colonization by E. coli ST131 clade C among healthy farmers and poultry birds is a consequential public health concern.
Structural insights into vesicle amine transport-1 (VAT-1) as a member of the NADPH-dependent quinone oxidoreductase family
Authors: Kim Sun-Yong , Mori Tomoyuki , Chek Min Fey , Furuya Shunji , Matsumoto Ken , Yajima Taisei , Ogura Toshihiko , Hakoshima Toshio
Published: January 2021

Vesicle amine transport protein-1 (VAT-1) has been implicated in the regulation of vesicular transport, mitochondrial fusion, phospholipid transport and cell migration, and is a potential target of anticancer drugs. Little is known about the molecular function of VAT-1. The amino acid sequence indicates that VAT-1 belongs to the quinone oxidoreductase subfamily, suggesting that VAT-1 may possess enzymatic activity in unknown redox processes. To clarify the molecular function of VAT-1, we determined the three-dimensional structure of human VAT-1 in the free state at 2.3 Å resolution and found that VAT-1 forms a dimer with the conserved NADPH-binding cleft on each protomer. We also determined the structure of VAT-1 in the NADP-bound state at 2.6 Å resolution and found that NADP binds the binding cleft to create a putative active site with the nicotine ring. Substrate screening suggested that VAT-1 possesses oxidoreductase activity against quinones such as 1,2-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone.
The RNA-binding protein LARP1 is dispensable for pancreatic β-cell function and mass
Authors: Werneck-de-Castro Joao Pedro , Peçanha Flavia Leticia Martins , Silvestre Diego Henrique , Bernal-Mizrachi Ernesto
Published: January 2021

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) deficiency or chronic hyperactivation in pancreatic β-cells leads to diabetes. mTORC1 complexes with La-related protein 1 (LARP1) to specifically regulate the expression of 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine tract (5′TOP) mRNAs which encode proteins of the translation machinery and ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that LARP1 is the most expressed LARP in mouse islets and human β-cells, being 2–4-fold more abundant than LARP1B, a member of the family that also interacts with mTORC1. Interestingly, β-cells from diabetic patients have higher LARP1 and LARP1B expression. However, specific deletion of Larp1 gene in β-cells (β-Larp1KO mice) did not impair insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in male and female mice. High fat or high branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) diets did not disturb glucose homeostasis compared to control littermates up to 8 weeks; BCAA diet slightly impaired glucose tolerance in the β-Larp1KO mice at 16 weeks. However, no differences in plasma insulin levels, non-fasting glycemia and β-cell mass were observed in the β-Larp1KO mice. In conclusion, LARP1 is the most abundant LARP in mouse islets and human β-cells, and it is upregulated in diabetic subjects. However, genetically disruption of Larp1 gene did not impact glucose homeostasis in basal and diabetogenic conditions, suggesting no major role for LARP1 in β-cells.
Re-expression of REG family and DUOXs genes in CRC organoids by co-culturing with CAFs
Authors: Naruse Mie , Ochiai Masako , Sekine Shigeki , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Yoshida Teruhiko , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Sakamoto Hiromi , Kubo Takashi , Matsumoto Kenji , Ochiai Atsushi , Imai Toshio
Published: January 2021

Organoids derived from epithelial tumors have recently been utilized as a preclinical model in basic and translational studies. This model is considered to represent the original tumor in terms of 3D structure, genetic and cellular heterogeneity, but not tumor microenvironment. In this study, we established organoids and paired cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from surgical specimens of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), and evaluated gene expression profiles in organoids with and without co-culture with CAFs to assess interactions between tumor cells and CAFs in tumor tissues. We found that the expression levels of several genes, which are highly expressed in original CRC tissues, were downregulated in organoids but re-expressed in organoids by co-culturing with CAFs. They comprised immune response- and external stimulus-related genes, e.g., REG family and dual oxidases (DUOXs), which are known to have malignant functions, leading tumor cells to proliferative and/or anti-apoptotic states and drug resistant phenotypes. In addition, the degree of differential induction of REG1 and DUOX2 in the co-culture system varied depending on CAFs from each CRC case. In conclusion, the co-culture system of CRC organoids with paired CAFs was able to partially reproduce the tumor microenvironment.
Bicuspid aortic valve morphology and aortic valvular outflow jets: an experimental analysis using an MRI-compatible pulsatile flow circulation system
Authors: Hattori Kaoru , Nakama Natsuki , Takada Jumpei , Nishimura Gohki , Moriwaki Ryo , Kawasaki Eita , Nagao Michinobu , Goto Yasuhiro , Niinami Hiroshi , Iwasaki Kiyotaka
Published: January 2021

The characteristics of aortic valvular outflow jet affect aortopathy in the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This study aimed to elucidate the effects of BAV morphology on the aortic valvular outflow jets. Morphotype-specific valve-devising apparatuses were developed to create aortic valve models. A magnetic resonance imaging-compatible pulsatile flow circulation system was developed to quantify the outflow jet. The eccentricity and circulation values of the peak systolic jet were compared among tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), three asymmetric BAVs, and two symmetric BAVs. The results showed mean aortic flow and leakage did not differ among the five BAVs (six samples, each). Asymmetric BAVs demonstrated the eccentric outflow jets directed to the aortic wall facing the smaller leaflets. In the asymmetric BAV with the smaller leaflet facing the right-anterior, left-posterior, and left-anterior quadrants of the aorta, the outflow jets exclusively impinged on the outer curvature of the ascending aorta, proximal arch, and the supra-valvular aortic wall, respectively. Symmetric BAVs demonstrated mildly eccentric outflow jets that did not impinge on the aortic wall. The circulation values at peak systole increased in asymmetric BAVs. The bicuspid symmetry and the position of smaller leaflet were determinant factors of the characteristics of aortic valvular outflow jet.
Author Correction: The radius of the umbrella cloud helps characterize large explosive volcanic eruptions
Authors: Constantinescu Robert , Hopulele-Gligor Aurelian , Connor Charles B. , Bonadonna Costanza , Connor Laura J. , Lindsay Jan M. , Charbonnier Sylvain , Volentik Alain C. M.
Published: January 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00096-9.
Metal transport mechanism of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family – a structural perspective on human CDF (ZnT)-related diseases
Authors: Barber-Zucker Shiran , Moran Arie , Zarivach Raz
Published: January 2021

A mechanistic analysis and structural perspective of cation diffusion facilitator (human ZnT) related diseases.
Nanocellulose: the next super versatile material for the military
Authors: Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Mohd Kasim Noor Azilah , Knight Victor Feizal , Ujang Farhana Aziz , Janudin Nurjahirah , Abdul Razak Mas Amira Idayu , Shah Noor Aisyah Ahmad , Noor Siti Aminah Mohd , Jamal Siti Hasnawati , Ong Keat Khim , Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin
Published: January 2021

Military systems have become more complex, and the development of future advanced materials for defence applications has received much attention.
Porous rGO/ZnSe/CoSe2dispersed in PEDOT:PSS as an efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Tapa Arnauld Robert , Xiang Wanchun , Ahmed Abdelaal. S. A. , Wu Senwei , Li Bin , Liu Qiufen , Chuti Chawuch Machar Jacob , Zhao Xiujian
Published: January 2021

The rGO/ZnSe/CoSe2–PEDOT:PSS composites as counter electrode materials hold excellent conductivity and strong adhesion with FTO glass substrates, allowing the achievement of a superior PCE of 8.60% compared to the corresponding Pt-based DSSC (7.14%) prepared under similar conditions.
Regeneration of an electret filter by contact electrification
Authors: Eun Jakyung , Lee Hansol , Jeon Sangmin
Published: January 2021

Contact electrification restores the surface potential of a polypropylene electret filter for face masks and regenerates its filtration efficiency.
Correction: Synthesis and structural characterization of CO2-soluble oxidizers [Bu4N]BrO3 and [Bu4N]ClO3 and their dissolution in cosolvent-modified CO2 for reservoir applications
Authors: Hull Katherine L. , Schipper Desmond E. , Oliver Allen G.
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis and structural characterization of CO2-soluble oxidizers [Bu4N]BrO3 and [Bu4N]ClO3 and their dissolution in cosolvent-modified CO2 for reservoir applications’ by Katherine L. Hull et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 44973–44980, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09563J.
Unknown Input Observer Design for a Class of Linear Descriptor Systems
Authors: Bouassem Karim , El Assoudi Abdellatif , Soulami Jalal , El Yaagoubi El Hassane
Published: January 2021

This paper addresses the problem of unknown inputs observer (UIO) design for a class of linear descriptor systems. The unknown inputs affect both state and output of the system. The basic idea of the proposed approach is based on the separation between dynamic and static relations in the descriptor model. Firstly, the method used to separate the differential part from the algebraic part is developed. Secondly, an observer design permitting the simultaneous estimation of the system state and the unknown inputs is proposed. The developed approach for the observer design is based on the synthesis of an augmented model which regroups the differential variables and unknown inputs. The exponential stability of the estimation error is studied using the Lyapunov theory and the stability condition is given in term of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, a heat exchanger pilot model is considered.
Effects of Functionalization and Stress on Graphene Electronic Properties: Focusing on Bandgap
Authors: Ming Xiaohan
Published: January 2021

Graphene is considered as a promising base material for nanodevices due to the excellent mechanical, thermal and electronic properties. However, when developing 2D semiconductor device such as a field-effect transistor, one obstacle we are facing is the zero bandgap of pure graphene, which makes it hard to apply to the semiconductor field. In this study, we verify the feasibility of opening the bandgap by functionalizing a graphene and adding stresses based on first principle calculations, where hydroxyl and epoxy groups are used. The effect on bandgap is also observed in the calculations after adding stress about a few GPa. The results show that bandgaps of 1~2 eV in functionalized graphene were opened and stresses of 1GPa induced slightly variations of bandgaps. The electron density differences indicate that the loaded functional groups take away the charge of graphene, making it a betatopic system. Our study may provide a potential method to modify the electronic properties of two-dimensional materials.
Evaluation of Community Empowerment Program Based on Community Satisfaction Index
Authors: Indra Priambada Rizal , Hidayat Rahmad , Purwanto Wahyu
Published: January 2021

The community empowerment program is a program that is carried out with assistance and has a plan of up to five years. The empowerment program will be evaluated after one year of program implementation to see the impact of the program for the community. One of the programs is Berdikari Peat Village, which is an empowerment program for the Volunteer Fire Brigade called Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA). One way to evaluate an empowerment program is to compile a Community Satisfaction Index (IKM). The concept of IKM will evaluate the program from the beginning of program planning, program implementation, to program exit so that the overall implementation of the program to the public is seen. This research was conducted with quantitative methods in the Berdikari Peat Village Kampung program which was carried out in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The conversion of SMI values varies from 25 to 100 with the symbol value A (Very Good) to D (Very Bad). The results showed a high Community Satisfaction Index in the empowerment program carried out by PT Pertamina RU II Sungai Pakning, with a score of 84.6 with a symbol of A.
Community Participation in the Development of Urban Farming in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Witjaksono Roso , Inekewati Ratih
Published: January 2021

The optimal yard utilization would support the family’s food independence a well-managed yard will provide benefits in improving family food self-sufficiency, nutrition, increasing family income, and making a beautiful, picturesque, and comfortable home environment. Efforts to build family food security in urban areas can be carried out through yard utilization on a narrow land. This study aims to determine the urban yard utilization and the members’ participation in it. The research was conducted in Bausasran Subdistrict in Yogyakarta City, employing a descriptive analysis method with 40 samples of Women Farmer Groups’ members. The research results revealed that community participation in urban yard utilization activities was classified as active. The community’s active participation was indicated by the existence of “Kampung Sayur Bausasran”, developed by establishing nursery gardens, creating group gardens, making vegetable aisles, cultivating medicinal plants, cultivating horticultural crops, and catfish farming. Vegetable villages can provide good results for community economic empowerment if managed optimally.
Improving Pigmented Rice Farmers' Marketing Activity for Sustainable Agroindustry: Consumers' Voice to be Considered
Authors: Wuryandani Shafira , Ismoyowati Dyah , Suwondo Endy
Published: January 2021

The demand for pigmented rice is highly increasing due to the consumer changing on a healthy lifestyle. The price of pigmented rice is higher than white rice, so it may be an opportunity to improve farmers' welfare. However, as producers, the farmers said they understand the consumer's needs and wants. They lack access to consumers' information. This article attempted to reveal the consumers' perspective of pigmented rice in Indonesia through their preferences and perceived quality. Those are variables indicating consumer voices. Two hundred sixty-one respondents are joining the survey from some big cities in Indonesia. The survey was exploring consumer voices about pigmented rice. The result shows that 83% of consumers said that pigmented rice is a superior product with a high price and high value. But the quality remains inconsistent, difficult to serve and combine with other dishes. The most attractive social media for them is Instagram Feeds. They often see the advertisement on social media and have more likely attracted by a campaign that been share on social media. Those help producers to market the rice better and broader, improving sustainable agroindustry on pigmented rice.
Evaluating Multispectral Imaging for Assessing Bacterial Leaf Blight Damage in Indonesian Agricultural Insurance
Authors: Giamerti Yuti , Hongo Chiharu , Saito Daiki , Caasi Oliver , Nur Susilawati Pepi , Shishido Masahiro , Sudiarta I Putu , Sutrisna Wijaya I Made Anom , Homma Koki
Published: January 2021

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) is one of the main diseases in Indonesia that causes a 90% reduction in grain weight. Multispectral imaging may be used as a quick and effective method for damage assessment and is expected to utilize on agricultural insurance in Indonesia. Data were collected at the rainy season and dry season 2018 in Farmers rice field at Bali Province. Vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, and VARIred-edge) was analyzed using QGIS 2.18 from multispectral images. Some vegetation index shows positive correlation with SPAD and negative correlation with DSI (%). VARIred-edgehas a higher relationship with DSI (R2: 0.8443) than NDVI (R2: 0.8291) and GNDVI (R2: 0.5463) at the average value on each location, but the relation seems to be affected by that relation between SPAD and LAI. Further data and analysis are required.
Law Enforcement of Land Transfer from Agricultural Land to Housing in Indonesia
Authors: Widowaty Yeni , Triyono  , Amanda Wahid Dimas
Published: January 2021

Along with the rate of conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, agricultural resources that need to get priority are those for food. The formulation of the problem is: 1) is the implementation of the conversion of agricultural land for housing in accordance with applicable regulations? 2) How is the law enforcement against the violation of the conversion of agricultural land use that is used for housing? 3) What is the ideal concept of law enforcement so that agricultural land conversion does not occur? The type of research used is socio-legal research, which includes primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the regulations regarding the conversion of agricultural land in principle had been implemented in accordance with the applicable regulations, especially regarding the requirements of the conversion of agricultural land. However, there are still violations of the construction of buildings carried out illegally. Law enforcement against violations of land-use change has not been carried out to the fullest, administratively there have been actions taken, but criminals have never been carried out. In the future, law enforcement must consider the reasons for the conversion of agricultural land, whether for public interest or for business ventures.
Détermination de la taille et du nombre d’échantillons devant être analysés en laboratoire pour la caractérisation statistique de la microstructure d’une roche argileuse
Authors: Fauchille Anne-Laure , van den Eijnden Bram , Taylor Kevin , Lee Peter David
Published: January 2021

À l’échelle du laboratoire, les roches argileuses sont des matériaux hétérogènes dont le comportement thermo-hydromécanique est en grande partie contrôlé par la microstructure. Le choix du nombre et de la taille des échantillons à étudier en laboratoire est déterminant pour appréhender la variabilité des propriétés de la roche argileuse à petite échelle. Cet article présente une méthode statistique permettant de préciser la surface (ou le volume) et le nombre d’échantillons à prendre en compte pour qu’une propriétépchoisie caractérisant la microstructure, soit statistiquement représentative. Initialement établie dans un cas général par Kanitet al.(2003. Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random composites: statistical and numerical approach.Int J Solids Struct40(13–14): 3647–3679), cette méthode consiste à partitionner un échantillon de propriété moyenne [see formula in PDF] connue, en sous-échantillons de surfaceD × Dafin de calculer l’écart-type et l’erreur relative de la mesure depen fonction deD. Cette méthode permet ainsi de définir des surfaces élémentaires représentatives depen tenant compte de l’erreur relative par rapport à [see formula in PDF]. La méthode est d’abord présentée dans des cas généraux en 2D et 3D, et un exemple type est ensuite développé en 2D pour caractériser la fraction argileuse d’une lamine sédimentaire de Bowland (Royaume-Uni). La fraction surfacique argileuse est choisie comme propriétép, à partir d’une image grand-champ en microscopie électronique à balayage. La méthode est applicable en 2D et 3D sur les matériaux finement divisés autant sur les roches que sur les sols argileux, tant que l’échantillon considéré contient suffisamment d’éléments figurés (inclusions rigides ou pores dans une matrice par exemple) pour permettre l’utilisation des statistiques. L’apport principal visé pour la communauté des ingénieurs est dans la mesure du possible un meilleur ciblage de la quantité d’échantillons à prélever en forage pour mieux évaluer la variabilité des paramètres macroscopiques des roches argileuses. Les limites de la méthode sont ensuite discutées.
Effect of Supply and Exhaust Air Velocity on the Enthalpy and Temperature Exchange Efficiency of a Paper Heat Exchanger
Authors: Hua Hong Jian , Al-Obaidi Abudulkareem Sh. Mahdi , Meng Chin Wai , Ling Neng Hui Kenny James
Published: January 2021

Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRV) are gradually becoming more popular in urban cities and buildings as it is able to effectively maintain the indoor air quality while also using minimal amounts of energy. The key component in the HRV is the Paper Heat Exchanger, which allows the heat exchange of indoor and outdoor air through a crossflow, while also filtering out stale air and dust particles. This article investigates the effect of manipulating the supply and exhaust air velocity on the enthalpy and temperature exchange efficiency of a paper heat exchanger. Data is obtained from experimental results, where the experiments are conducted in a test lab using heat recovery ventilators (HRV) installed with paper heat exchangers. Two paper heat exchangers from different suppliers were tested inside a HRV installed in an air conditioned room. The HRV fan speed was varied at a fixed interval of 0.5 m/s, and the air velocity was measured by using a wind speed meter. At the same time, a USB data logger was used to collect relative humidity and temperature of the air at the supply inlet, indoor air inlet, and return air outlet to determine temperature exchange efficiency and the enthalpy of air. The results of the testing shows that the HRV was able to achieve a temperature exchange efficiency of 47 to 63% and enthalpy exchange efficiency of 63 to 94% for PHEX-A, and a temperature exchange efficiency of 28 to 48% and enthalpy exchange efficiency of 57 to 85% for PHEX-B. The data shows that PHEX-A has higher efficiency than PHEX-B.