bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Modeling of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Survival as a Function of Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Water Exports
Authors: Newman Ken B. , Brandes Patricia L.
Published: February 2010

A multiyear study was carried out in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta system to examine the relationship between the survival of out-migrating Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the amount of water exported from the system by the two major pumping stations in the southern portion of the delta. Paired releases of groups of coded-wire-tagged juvenile late-fall-run Chinook salmon were made at two locations in the delta, one in the main-stem Sacramento River and one in the interior portion of the delta where they were more likely to be directly affected by the pumping stations. Shortly after release, the fish were recovered downstream by a midwater trawl, and over a 2–4-year period the fish were recovered in ocean fishery catches and spawning ground surveys. A Bayesian hierarchical model for the recoveries was fit that explicitly accounted for the between-release variation in survival and capture probabilities as well as the sampling variation in the recoveries. The survival of the interior delta releases was considerably lower than that of main-steam releases (mean ratio of survival probabilities, 0.35). The ratio of survival probabilities was negatively associated with water export levels, but various model selection criteria gave more (or nearly equal) weight to simpler models that excluded exports. However, the signal-to-noise ratio, defined in terms of the export effect relative to environmental variation, was very low, and this could explain the indeterminacy in the results of the model selection procedures. Many more years of data would be needed to more precisely estimate the export effect. Whatever the factors that adversely affect survival through the interior delta, the fraction of out-migrants that enter the interior delta needs to be estimated in order to determine the overall effect of water exports on out-migrating Sacramento river Chinook salmon.
Estimating Survival and Migration Route Probabilities of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Authors: Perry Russell W. , Skalski John R. , Brandes Patricia L. , Sandstrom Philip T. , Klimley A. Peter , Ammann Arnold , MacFarlane Bruce
Published: February 2010

Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River must negotiate the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Natural processes and water management actions affect the fractions of the population using the different migration routes through the delta and survival within those routes. However, estimating these demographic parameters is difficult using traditional mark–recapture techniques, which depend on the physical recapture of fish (e.g., coded wire tags). Thus, our goals were to (1) develop a mark–recapture model to explicitly estimate the survival and migration route probabilities for each of four migration routes through the delta, (2) link these route-specific probabilities to population-level survival, and (3) apply this model to the first available acoustic telemetry data of smolt migration through the delta. The point estimate of survival through the delta for 64 tagged fish released in December 2006 (Ŝdelta = 0.351; SE = 0.101) was lower than that for 80 tagged fish released in January 2007 (Ŝdelta = 0.543; SE = 0.070). We attributed the observed difference in survival between releases to differences in survival for given migration routes and changes in the proportions of fish using the different routes. Our study shows how movements among, and survival within, migration routes interact to influence population-level survival through the delta. Thus, concurrent estimation of both route-specific migration and survival probabilities is critical to understanding the factors affecting population-level survival in a spatially complex environment such as the delta.
A Six-Decade Portrait of Florida Marine Fisheries via Landings-Based Trophodynamic Indicators
Authors: Munyandorero Joseph , Guenther Cameron B.
Published: February 2010

Four trophic-level (TL)-based metrics—landings trophic spectra (LTS), landings proportions of TL categories (LP), landings mean TL (MTL), and fishing-in-balance index (FiB)—are used to describe Florida's coast-specific and statewide commercial, recreational, and combined marine fisheries and to examine whether “fishing down the marine food web” (FDMFW) occurred during 1950–2007. Effects of environment-dependent species, large pelagic species, market and exploitation pressures, and revenue on these metrics are also examined. For the commercial and combined landings, analyses indicate (1) significant shifts of LTS from lower to higher TLs; (2) significant declines of LP for lower-TL species (2.0 ≤ TL < 3.0) and increases of LP for intermediate-TL animals (3.0 ≤ TL < 4.2; Gulf of Mexico coast and whole state) and top predators (TL ≥ 4.2; Atlantic coast and whole state); (3) significant increase of MTL; and (4) increase of FiB during the 1960s–1980s (expanding fisheries) and significant declines thereafter (fisheries contractions). Such metrics for the recreational landings vary without trends, and the commercial metrics drive the combined ones. Commercial and combined FiBs highlight the late 1970s–mid-1980s as a backward-bending period characterized by declines of commercial and combined landings along with increasing MTL. Base MTLs derived for all species (groups) do not reveal any FDMFW symptoms, and use of a cutoff TL of 3.25 and exclusion of large pelagic species do not alter combined FiB. The former process maintains the increasing trend of combined MTL on the Atlantic coast and leads to stability of Gulf coast and statewide combined MTL. The evolution of economic and regulatory conditions emerges as a key factor that influenced the changes in landings trophic structure. The fisheries contractions accompanied by the reduction in landings are incompatible with an increase in exvessel price rate and revenue. Contractions in the fisheries were likely due to reduction of fishing pressure, unaccounted discards, and closed areas and seasons, which themselves were rooted in management regulations.
A Comparison of Seasonal Movement Patterns of Yellow Perch in Simple and Complex Lake Basins
Authors: Radabaugh Nicholas B. , Bauer William F. , Brown Michael L.
Published: February 2010

Determining the seasonal movement patterns of fish can provide insight into their spawning behaviors, predator–prey interactions, and habitat preferences. To investigate the seasonal movement patterns of adult yellow perch and how they are affected by lake habitat characteristics, we attached ultrasonic transmitters to two length-groups (210–235 and 250–280 mm total length) of yellow perch from populations inhabiting two temperate lakes differing in habitat diversity and basin morphology. In the simple lake, yellow perch distributions differed between seasons, mean depth and distance from shore being greatest during the summer. The observed seasonal differences were similar between the two length-groups. In the complex lake, yellow perch depth varied seasonally, the fish occupying deeper waters during the fall and shallower ones during the summer; however, the distance from shore was consistent among seasons. During the spring, males inhabited areas closer to shore than females in the complex lake, whereas the spatial distributions did not differ between sexes in the simple basin. Yellow perch from both lakes displayed similar seasonal variation in activity, movement rates being highest during the fall and lowest during the summer. Movement rates in the simple lake, however, were higher than those in the complex lake during all three seasons, which suggests that the effectiveness of passive sampling gears may vary in response to habitat complexity. These results reveal several seasonal differences in yellow perch habitat use, distribution, and activity in relation to basin complexity that may provide insight for managers considering sampling plans for individual lake types.
Effects of Water Hardness on Size and Hatching Success of Silver Carp Eggs
Authors: Rach Jeff J. , Sass Greg G. , Luoma James A. , Gaikowski Mark P.
Published: February 2010

Eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix absorb water after release from the female, causing them to become turgid and to increase substantially in size. The volume of water that diffuses within an egg is most likely determined by (1) the difference in ionic concentration between the egg and the water that surrounds it and (2) the elasticity of the egg membrane. Prior observations suggest that silver carp eggs may swell and burst in soft waters. If water hardness affects silver carp reproductive success in nonnative ecosystems, this abiotic factor could limit silver carp distribution or abundance. In this study, we tested the effect of water hardness on silver carp egg enlargement and hatching success. Groups of newly fertilized silver carp eggs were placed in water at one of five nominal water hardness levels (50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg/L as CaCO3) for 1 h to harden (absorb water after fertilization). Egg groups were then placed in separate incubation vessels housed in two recirculation systems that were supplied with either soft (50 mg/L as CaCO3) or hard (250 mg/L as CaCO3) water to evaluate hatching success. Tests were terminated within 24 h after viable eggs had hatched. Eggs that were initially placed in 50-mg/L water to harden were larger (i.e., swelled more) and had a greater probability of hatch than eggs hardened in other water hardness levels. Unlike the effect of water hardness during egg hardening, the water hardness during incubation appeared to have no effect on egg hatching success. Our research suggests that water hardness may not be a limiting factor in the reproduction, recruitment, and range expansion of silver carp in North America.
Evaluation of Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) for Marking Fingerling Blue Catfish
Authors: Zeller Megan M. , Cairns Stefan H.
Published: February 2010

Visible implant elastomer (VIE) was evaluated as a means of marking advanced fingerling (∼152-mm) blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus. A laboratory study was conducted using hatchery-reared blue catfish to examine tag retention for 270 d, tag visibility, and mortality (instantaneous and delayed). Twenty blue catfish were tagged in each of three locations: the upper lip, the base of the pelvic fin, and the cheek. Another group of 20 served as the control and were not marked with VIE. The tag retention rates were 89.5, 100, and 100%, respectively, for fish tagged in the upper lip, at the base of the pelvic fin, and in the cheek, though the VIE sometimes had a tendency to fragment or migrate. Marks in the cheek had the best visibility overall. No instantaneous mortality was observed, and delayed mortality was low (5%) for all groups except those tagged at the base of the pelvic fin (30%). Overall, the cheek proved to be the best location for tagging fingerling blue catfish with VIE.
Deriving Acceptable Biological Catch from the Overfishing Limit: Implications for Assessment Models
Authors: Prager Michael H. , Shertzer Kyle W.
Published: February 2010

The recently revised Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires that U.S. fishery management councils avoid overfishing by setting annual catch limits (ACLs) not exceeding recommendations of the councils' scientific advisers. To meet that requirement, the scientific advisers will need to know the overfishing limit (OFL) estimated in each stock assessment, with OFL being the catch available from applying the limit fishing mortality rate to current or projected stock biomass. The advisers then will derive “acceptable biological catch” (ABC) from OFL by reducing OFL to allow for scientific uncertainty, and ABC becomes their recommendation to the council. We suggest methodology based on simple probability theory by which scientific advisers can compute ABC from OFL and the statistical distribution of OFL as estimated by a stock assessment. Our method includes approximations to the distribution of OFL if it is not known from the assessment; however, we find it preferable to have the assessment model estimate the distribution of OFL directly. Probability-based methods such as this one provide well-defined approaches to setting ABC and may be helpful to scientific advisers as they translate the new legal requirement into concrete advice.
An Inexpensive, Low‐Maintenance, Precision Amplifier, Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, and Miniature Data Logger System Designed for Long‐Term Deployment in Riverine Systems
Authors: Keenan Lawrence W. , Miller Steven J.
Published: February 2010

The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is a dynamic water quality variable that is critical to fisheries. To obtain simultaneous DO data at 15‐min intervals over long periods (i.e., months) at a number of points along a river, a simple, inexpensive (<US$40) differential voltage amplifier circuit was developed to provide an interface between a galvanic DO probe and a miniature data logger. The circuit is designed around precision, micropower, single‐voltage supply operational amplifiers and consumes less than 3 W while isolating and amplifying the output of a galvanic DO probe. The circuit is efficient and rapid enough to be powered by the data logger's 2.5‐V, 1‐mA, 18‐ms‐read sensor trigger signal. The complete unit, including the enclosure and floats, was constructed for less than $700. Fourteen were deployed in the upper portion of the St. Johns River, Florida, over an 18‐month period. The units remained continuously deployed for 4‐ to 6‐month periods 82% of the time, and 93% of the collected data passed quality assurance tests.
Horizontal and Vertical Odor Plume Trapping of Red King Crabs Explains the Different Efficiency of Top‐ and Side‐Entrance Pot Designs
Authors: Stiansen Stian , Fernö Anders , Furevik Dag , Jørgensen Terje , Løkkeborg Svein
Published: February 2010

Interactions between the food search behavior of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus and pot design and the consequences for entry success were studied in situ with a square pot with two funnels on opposite sides and a conical pot with one vertical funnel at the top. Red king crabs that approached the pots upcurrent were chemically stimulated and appeared to be locked onto the odor plume, whereas those that approached the pots across‐current showed more flexible search behavior. The location of the funnels meant that entry also requireed a vertical search phase. Forty percent of the red king crabs encountering the pots performed vertical searches on each type of pot, but the probability of entry once a vertical search had commenced was 20 times as high for the square pot as for the conical pot. Chemically stimulated red king crabs limited their vertical search to the bait plume. The location of the bait relative to the entrance may have caused chemically stimulated rheotaxis to lead red king crabs all the way into the square pots, in contrast to the conical pots for which the entrance is higher than the extension of the plume. These results demonstrate the importance of including both horizontal and vertical dimensions in behavioral studies of the catch efficiency of crab pots.
Intermodal interference of the lowest-order modes in hollow core optical waveguide with dielectric walls
Authors: Martincek Ivan , Pudis Dusan
Published: February 2010

This paper deals with intermodal interference of lowest-order modes in a hollow core optical waveguide investigated theoretically and experimentally. We describe detection and excitation methods for investigation of intermodal interference in the spectral and spatial domains in the presented waveguide. In addition an analytical expression for the description of measured dependencies is also presented.
Landscapes' capacities to provide ecosystem services - A concept for land-cover based assessments
Authors: Burkhard Benjamin , Kroll Franziska , Müller Felix , Windhorst Wilhelm
Published: February 2010

Landscapes differ in their capacities to provide ecosystem goods and services, which are the benefits humans obtain from nature. Structures and functions of ecosystems needed to sustain the provision of ecosystem services are altered by various human activities. In this paper, a concept for the assessment of multiple ecosystem services is proposed as a basis for discussion and further development of a respective evaluation instrument. Using quantitative and qualitative assessment data in combination with land cover and land use information originated from remote sensing and GIS, impacts of human activities can be evaluated. The results reveal typical patterns of different ecosystems' capacities to provide ecosystem services. The proposed approach thus delivers useful integrative information for environmental management and landscape planning, aiming at a sustainable use of services provided by nature. The research concept and methodological framework presented here for discussion have initially been applied in different case studies and shall be developed further to provide a useful tool for the quantification and spatial modelling of multiple ecosystem services in different landscapes. An exemplary application of the approach dealing with food provision in the Halle-Leipzig region in Germany is presented. It shows typical patterns of ecosystem service distribution around urban areas. As the approach is new and still rather general, there is great potential for improvement, especially with regard to a data-based quantification of the numerous hypotheses, which were formulated as base for the assessment. Moreover, the integration of more detailed landscape information on different scales will be needed in future in order to take the heterogeneous distribution of landscape properties and values into account. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to foster critical discussions on the methodological development presented here.
A new approach for disparity map determination
Authors: Chowdhury M Mozammel Hoque , Bhuiyan Md Al-Amin
Published: February 2010

This article presents a new method to determine disparity map useful for three-dimensional (3D) scene reconstruction. The main task behind the computation of disparity map is stereo correspondence matching. In recent years, several stereo matching algorithms have been developed to find corresponding pairs in two images: left and right images captured by a stereo camera. But these algorithms exhibit a very high computational cost. With a view to reduce the computation time and produce a smooth and detailed disparity map, a fast and new approach based on average disparity estimation is proposed in this research, which can tackle additive noise. Experimental results confirm that the method achieves a substantial gain in accuracy with less expense of computation time. Key Words: Disparity map, Stereo correspondence, Stereo Vision, 3D Scene Reconstruction. DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4348 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.9-13
Uses of natural fruit (Diospyros embrypteris Pers) as a rot-proofing agent
Authors: Jafrin Shamina , Dilruba FA , Uddin Md Kamal , Gomes Isidore , Islam Md Emdadul
Published: February 2010

Two different types of hessian fabrics (sized and desized) were treated with unripe natural fruit juice ( Botanical Name: Diospyros embrypteris Pers) and copper sulphate solution. The physico-chemical properties of the treated fabrics were determined and made nursery pots for seedling to improve the longevity of rot-proof nursery pot. It was observed that 5% copper sulphate solution treated nursery pots posseses longevity 5.5 months but the extract of natural fruit juice mixed with 5% copper sulphate solution treated sample increases the longevity of nursery pot about eleven months. At the same time 8% copper sulphate solution treated nursery pots longevity more than nine months but natural fruit juice mixed with 8% copper sulphate solution treated nursery pot is required to achieve longevity about fourteen months. Uses of natural fruit gaab have no critical steps to environment, free from health hazard and durable. That's why it has some potentiality to use for making nursery pots with less chemical materials. Keywords: Rot-proof, Gaab, Copper sulphate, Longevity, Nursery Pot, Hessian, Sized, Desized DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4349 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.14-17
A comparative study of the methods of solving non-linear programming problem
Authors: Das Bimal Chandra
Published: February 2010

The work present in this paper is based on a comparative study of the methods of solving Non-linear programming (NLP) problem. We know that Kuhn-Tucker condition method is an efficient method of solving Non-linear programming problem. By using Kuhn-Tucker conditions the quadratic programming (QP) problem reduced to form of Linear programming(LP) problem, so practically simplex type algorithm can be used to solve the quadratic programming problem (Wolfe's Algorithm).We have arranged the materials of this paper in following way. Fist we discuss about non-linear programming problems. In second step we discuss Kuhn- Tucker condition method of solving NLP problems. Finally we compare the solution obtained by Kuhn- Tucker condition method with other methods. For problem so consider we use MATLAB programming to graph the constraints for obtaining feasible region. Also we plot the objective functions for determining optimum points and compare the solution thus obtained with exact solutions. Keywords: Non-linear programming, objective function ,convex-region, pivotal element, optimal solution. DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4352 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.28-34
Study on the effect of size material on jute-cotton union fabric
Authors: Azad Md Abul Kalam , Jafrin Shamina
Published: February 2010

A study was performed on the jute-cotton union fabric to show the effect of sizing on the properties of union fabric. Here, the cotton yarn was used in the warp direction and jute yarn was used in the weft direction. The size material was used only for warp yarn that is for cotton yarn. From the experimental results, it was seen that the strength of the sized union fabric was better than the unsized union fabric although the other properties were similar to each other. Comparing the properties of union fabric with 100% cotton fabric, union fabric (jute-cotton) may be the replacement of 100% same category of cotton fabric. Key words: Jute, union fabric, cotton fabric, warp yarn, weft yarn, sized, properties. DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4354 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.42-44
Effect of reinforcement on strength behaviour of handmade jute paper
Authors: Hossain HM Zakir , Uddin Md Kamal , Rahman SMB , Saifullah Khaled , Rashid MM
Published: February 2010

To produce high strength handmade paper, handmade was reinforced by jute fibre along with/without internal additives (rosin, wax etc.), external additive such as Microcrystalline Cellulose(MCC) suspension. Optimum result was obtained when MCC suspension was applied as external additive along with reinforcement . The strength was increased by 34.69 % due to reinforcement and application of MCC suspension as external additive. The application of rosin along with reinforcement did not play any a significant role in imparting strength and application of wax emulsion hampered the strength of paper. Keywords: Handmade, Jute, Paper, Reinforcement, Strength DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4355 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.45-49
Experimental investigation on roling-sliding contact properties of WC cermet coatings
Authors: Nuruzzaman DM , Nakajima A , Mawatari T
Published: February 2010

In this study, tribological properties of Hi-HVOF sprayed WC-Cr-Ni cermet coatings were investigated experimentally under lubricated rolling-sliding contact. Coatings were deposited onto the induction hardened carbon steel and carburized hardened steel materials. Substrate surfaces were prepared by axially grinding, blasting and circumferentially grinding. Under the operating conditions of contact pressure PH=1.4 GPa and slip ratio s=-28.0%, the effects of substrate hardness and substrate surface kind on the tribological properties of the cermet coating were examined. It was found that cermet coating showed a long life and durability was not influenced by the substrate hardness and substrate surface kind. It was also found that during the running-in process, oil film formation was hardly influenced by the substrate hardness and substrate surface kind. On the other hand, surface hardness and surface roughness of the coating were more influenced in the case of circumferentially ground substrate than that in the case of axially ground or blasted substrate. In addition, coating material loss was very high in the case of circumferentially ground substrate when the substrate material was induction hardened carbon steel. Keywords: Tribological Properties, WC-Cr-Ni Cermet, Substrate Hardness, Substrate Surface Kind DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4356 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.50-56
Oxidative Stress and Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Promising Tool for Detection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Chan Hiang Ping , Lewis Craig , Thomas Paul S.
Published: February 2010

Lung cancer is one of the few neoplasia in which the principal aetiology is known, with cigarette smoke donating a considerable oxidative burden to the lungs. This may be part of the aetiology of lung cancer, but the neoplastic process is also associated with increased oxidative stress. Nonetheless, it is difficult to study the mechanisms behind the induction of lung cancer in smokers, but newer techniques of breath analysis targeting markers of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity show promise in unravelling some of the pathways. This review highlights recent developments in the assessment of oxidative stress by non-invasive methods of breath analysis which are becoming powerful research techniques with possible clinical applications.
Isolation of Sulfur Reducing and Oxidizing Bacteria Found in Contaminated Drywall
Authors: Hooper Dennis G. , Shane John , Straus David C. , Kilburn Kaye H. , Bolton Vincent , Sutton John S. , Guilford Frederick T.
Published: February 2010

Drywall from China has been reported to release sulfur producing products which are corrosive to metals, result in noxious odors, and represent a significant health risk. It has been reported that these emissions produce medical symptoms such as respiratory or asthma type problems, sinusitis, gastrointestinal disorders, and vision problems in home owners and their household pets. We report here a method of identifying a causative agent for these emissions by sampling affected gypsum wallboard and subjecting those samples to Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction [RT-PCR] studies. Specific DNA probes and primers have been designed and patented that detect a specific iron and sulfur reducing bacterium (i.e., Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). One hundred percent of affected drywall samples obtained from homes located in the southeastern United States tested positive for the presence of T. ferrooxidans. All negative controls consisting of unaffected wallboard and internal controls, Geotrichum sp., tested negative within our limits of detection.
Sesterterpenes and a New Sterol from the Marine Sponge Phyllospongia foliascens
Authors: Zhang Hong-Jun , Yi Yang-Hua , Yang Fan , Chen Wan-Sheng , Lin Hou-Wen
Published: February 2010

A new scalarane sesterterpene, phyllofolactone M (1), and a new sterol, (24E)-5α,6α-epoxystigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (3), together with a known sesterterpene, phyllofolactone B (2), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Phyllospongia foliascens. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with known compounds. In addition, previous NMR data assignments for the known sesterterpene phyllofolactone B (2) were revised.
Seeking Polymeric Prodrugs of Norfloxacin. Part 2. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Polyurethane Conjugates
Authors: Sobczak Marcin , Nurzyńska Katarzyna , Kolodziejski Waclaw
Published: February 2010

Oligo(ε-caprolactone) and oligolactide were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters in the presence of creatinine as initiators. Thus obtained oligomers were successfully used in the synthesis of novel polyurethane conjugates of norfloxacin. The structures of the polymers and conjugates were elucidated by means of MALDI-TOF MS, NMR and IR studies.
Dietary Phospholipids and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption
Authors: Cohn Jeffrey  S. , Kamili Alvin , Wat Elaine , Chung Rosanna W.  S. , Tandy Sally
Published: February 2010

Experiments carried out with cultured cells and in experimental animals have consistently shown that phospholipids (PLs) can inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption. Limited evidence from clinical studies suggests that dietary PL supplementation has a similar effect in man. A number of biological mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain how PL in the gut lumen is able to affect cholesterol uptake by the gut mucosa. Further research is however required to establish whether the ability of PLs to inhibit cholesterol absorption is of therapeutic benefit.
The Vasohibin Family
Authors: Sato Yasufumi
Published: February 2010

Angiogenesis is regulated by the local balance between angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors. A number of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors have been found in the body. The origin of these inhibitors is mostly extrinsic to the vasculature. Recently, however, vascular endothelial cells themselves have been found to produce angiogenesis inhibitors including vasohibin-1. These intrinsic inhibitors are thought to regulate angiogenesis by an auto-regulatory or negative-feedback mechanism. This review will focus on vasohibin-1 produced by vascular endothelial cells and on its homologue, vasohibin-2.
Solar-Powered Compaction Garbage Bins in Public Areas: A Preliminary Economic and Environmental Evaluation
Authors: Coleman Poppy Jane , Nghiem Long Duc
Published: February 2010

An excel-based model was developed to evaluate economic and environmental benefits of the solar-powered compaction garbage bins in public areas in Australia. Input data were collected from Brisbane and Wollongong City councils, and Sydney Olympic Park. The results demonstrate that solar-powered compaction garbage bins would provide environmental benefits in all scenarios. However, results of the economic analysis of the three studied areas varied significantly. The unique situation of Sydney Olympic Park made implementation in that facility particularly appealing. A lower monthly rental cost is needed for the implementation of this novel waste management practice.
A Host of Factors Regulating Influenza Virus Replication
Authors: Mehle Andrew , Doudna Jennifer A.
Published: February 2010

A new series of genetic screens begins to illuminate the interaction between influenza virus and the infected cell.
Synthesis of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based new colorimetric receptor for anions: A unique color change for fluoride ions
Authors: Mahapatra Ajit Kumar , Hazra Giridhari , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: February 2010

A novel indolocarbazole-based chemosensor 1 containing hydrogen bond donor moieties has been established as a selective colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for F− in CH3CN/H2O (4:1 v/v). Upon the addition of a series of tetrabutylammonium salts to receptor 1 in aqueous CH3CN, only when the counter ion was F− was a significant color change (from light violet to dark orange) observed.
Producción tecnológica latinoamericana con mayor visibilidad internacional: 1996-2007. Un estudio de caso: Brasil
Authors: Díaz Pérez Maidelyn , Rivero Amador Soleidy , De Moya-Anegón Félix
Published: February 2010

La investigación propone la aplicación de un grupo de indicadores al documento de patente, lo que permite representar y analizar el comportamiento de la producción tecnológica existente en un determinado dominio. La propuesta se valida mediante un caso de estudio y los datos se procesan con una herramienta propia diseñada para realizar estudios patentométricos. Se representa el conocimiento tecnológico Latinoamericano publicado en Estados Unidos, entre septiembre de 1996 y abril del 2007, profundizando en el análisis del caso de Brasil como mayor productor de patentes. La batería de indicadores patentométricos que se proponen permiten cuantificar y cualificar el comportamiento de la producción tecnológica en términos de patentes concedidas. Se representan, a partir de las patentes analizadas, las capacidades tecnológicas en las áreas técnicas de aplicación, el posicionamiento de los institutos, centros de investigación, industrias, etc., así como la productividad de sus principales tecnólogos y relaciones entre ellos. Este último elemento de análisis favorece la cooperación y el intercambio tecnológico, así como la identificación de las prioridades y oportunidades. Todo lo cual, además, permite ayudar a planificar, implementar y evaluar políticas de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico a cualquier nivel, entre otras ventajas. Este tipo de análisis es considerado una herramienta indispensable para el mejor conocimiento de los recursos tecnológicos regionales, a la vez que apoya un aprovechamiento más eficiente de las capacidades tecnológicas existentes.
Servicios bibliotecarios: la perspectiva de los estudiantes con discapacidad y el personal bibliotecario a través de seis universidades madrileñas
Authors: Millán Reyes Ana Nieves
Published: February 2010

Se presentan los principales resultados de la investigación sobre las Bibliotecas Universitarias de la Comunidad de Madrid, en relación con los usuarios con discapacidad y su personal, junto con la percepción sobre el servicio prestado. La metodología emplea el cuestionario como instrumento de medida para extraer los datos, resultados y conclusiones de ambos colectivos. El análisis estadístico ha sido descriptivo y bivariable (pruebas no paramétricas). Los resultados principales indican la existencia de una población de usuarios con alguna discapacidad, sus hábitos, y su percepción sobre los fondos, infraestructuras y materiales bibliotecarios. Existen servicios destinados a estudiantes con discapacidad, pero no están extendidos por toda la geografía universitaria y tampoco comparten criterios. Se pone de manifi esto la necesidad de fomentar la sensibilización del personal bibliotecario, además de mejorar la organización de las bibliotecas.
Perfil de actividad científica de las universidades españolas en cuatro áreas temáticas: un enfoque multifactorial
Authors: Bordons María , Sancho Rosa , Morillo Fernanda , Gómez Isabel
Published: February 2010

Este estudio analiza la actividad de las universidades españolas mediante datos de input y output científico, factores estructurales y datos del entorno regional, con el fin de explorar las relaciones entre variables. Se incide en las diferencias de comportamiento de las universidades en función de sus áreas de actividad, centrándose el análisis en las áreas de Química, Ingeniería, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Humanas. Se evidencian diferencias en los hábitos de publicación y colaboración según las áreas, y se analiza la influencia sobre la actividad universitaria de distintas factores como son el tamaño y la antig edad de la universidad, su grado de especialización temática o el desarrollo industrial de su entorno.
Impacto de la implantación de la norma ISO 9001:2000 en el Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Authors: Simón Martín José , Flores Varela Carlos , Arias Coello Alicia
Published: February 2010

Este trabajo estudia el impacto que ha tenido la implantación de un sistema de gestión de la calidad, de acuerdo con los requisitos establecidos en la Norma Internacional ISO 9001:2000, en el Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Para ello, se han analizado las opiniones del personal y de los usuarios del archivo antes y después de obtener la certifi cación de dicho sistema de gestión. Los resultados presentados señalan que la certificación no produce ninguna modificación en la percepción que tienen los usuarios del archivo sobre la calidad de los servicios de transferencia y búsqueda documental, así como sobre la calidad de la interacción entre el personal y los usuarios. En contraste, el personal valora muy favorablemente la certificación del archivo obteniéndose mejoras que son significativas en el área de gestión de los procesos de trabajo y, en concreto, en su documentación, coordinación entre procesos, definición de responsabilidades, o medición de su desempeño. Así mismo, y en opinión del personal, son significativas las mejoras que se producen con relación a algunos aspectos del funcionamiento del archivo como son: una mayor participación en el establecimiento de objetivos en su trabajo, una mayor identificación con la organización, y en la apreciación de que la mejora de la calidad del servicio es uno de los objetivos prioritarios que se deben conseguir. Estos resultados pueden servir como referencia para convencer a los directivos de otros servicios de información y de documentación, de las ventajas que tiene la implantación de un sistema de gestión de la calidad y su posterior certificación.
La colaboración científica en el campo de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en España
Authors: Valenciano Valcárcel Javier , Devís-Devís José , Villamón Miguel , Peiró-Velert Carmen
Published: February 2010

Este estudio examina la colaboración científica a través de los patrones de coautoría en una muestra de revistas españolas de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (CCAFD). También analiza los principales grupos de investigación y disciplinas del campo multidisciplinar de las CCAFD. Se analizaron la frecuencia y porcentaje de los artículos en colaboración y el número de autores por artículo. Se revisaron las redes de colaboración de los autores más productivos para identificar grupos de investigación y se calculó la densidad para conocer su cohesión. La producción científica fue analizada también por disciplinas. Los artículos en colaboración superan a los artículos de autor único en la mayoría de revistas y disciplinas del campo español de las CCAFD. El promedio de autores por artículo es de 2,50. Se identificaron 15 grupos de investigación y los más numerosos son los más productivos y los menos cohesionados. La colaboración con autores extranjeros en las revistas españolas de la muestra es baja y la mayoría se limita a autores suramericanos. La Didáctica y la Teoría del Entrenamiento son las disciplinas más productivas. Los resultados muestran la tendencia creciente hacia la colaboración observada durante los últimos años en las CCAFD. No obstante, la colaboración es todavía baja en cuanto al número de autores por artículo y al número de grupos.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF ARGYNNIS ATLANTIS, Edw
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

EGG.—Conoidal, truncated, higher than broad, the base somewhat rounded; marked vertically by 14 ribs, one half of which reach the summit, the others nearly as far; the spaces between the ribs broad, excavated and crossed by ten or twelve fine ridges; the micropyle at top in centre of a rosette of five minute flat cells; and about these are successive irregular rings of cells, each larger than the one next within, to the verge of top; these are six and five sided, and some are sub-triangular, deeply excavated; color greenish-yellow when first laid, soon turning to brown. In shape, this egg is like that of other species of this genus, but it is characterized by fewer ribs than any with which I am acquainted. Duration of this stage 16 to 18 days.
A NEW SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS OF CONOPINAE
Authors: Williston S. W.
Published: February 2010

Hitherto but a single genus(Conops) of this group has received general accepteance among dipterologists. A second genus, Physocephala, was based by Schiner on characters in themselves of but little importance, and which I did not deem sufficient to separate our species in the first paper I published* on the North American forms. A further study, however, convinced me that they were sufficiently constant to warrant their use, particularly in connection with other important ones in the neuration, which I pointed out.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA PALÆOGAMA, Guen
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter .04 inch, low conoidal, a prominent bulging ridge found the base of one half of a hundredth of an inch on each side, so that inside of this the egg is .03 inch; striated with 38 prominent longitudinal striæ, of which 12 reach the small micropyle, shallow transverse striæ; apex small, not depressed. Color dull, pale, brownish olive. Duration of this period not known, but at least 194 days.
THREE MOTHS NEW TO OUR FAUNA
Authors: Edwards H. Y.
Published: February 2010

In my article with the above heading, to which my friend Mr. J. B. Smith takes exception, I at once confess that an error occurs, and that the title should have been new to “our lists” and not to “our fauna.” Mr. Smith wrote me a day or two after the publication of the paper, and I at once replied that I should have used the word “lists” in the place of “fauna.” I am therefore somewhat surprised that in his printed remarks he did not allude to the correction 'I had personally made, but that he should take me to task after receiving my letter, and charge me with adding the species mentioned to our “fauna,” when I had disclaimed the meaning he attributes to me.
EARLY STAGES OF ARZAMA OBLIQUATA, G. and R
Authors: Brehme H. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Fusiform, thick in the middle and tapering to a small rounded summit marked by about sixteen longitudinal ribs, which are low, narrow, flat and crossed by a few fine ridges. Color yellow-brown. Duration about fifteen days.

Young Larva.—About .8 inch in length, cylindrical, slender; shape like the other Arzamas. Color pale green, with a few long hairs proceeding backwards. Duration eighteen to twenty days.
THREE SPECIES OF MOTHS NEW TO OUR FAUNA
Authors: Edwards Henry
Published: February 2010

After all, the geographical range of our fauna, as regards the distribution of insects, is but incompletely marked, and the fact that artifical lines cannot limit the habitat of a species is every day made more apparent. The Florida coast is constantly turning up species properly belonging to the fauna of the West Indies, and Texas and Arizona are as often adding Mexican forms to our list. It is, nevertheless, somewhat strange that three such conspicuous species as those hereafter noted should have only recently appeared within our limits, or at least for so long a time have escaped the watchful eyes of our numerous observers.
ON DIADEMA MISIPPUS, Linn, IN FLORIDA
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

About the middle of last November Miss Annie M. Wittfeld, whose untimely death I have spoken of elsewhere, wrote me that she had taken a butterfly of a species which she had never seen before, while it was laying eggs on purslane. She confined the buttefly with the plant and obtained 74 eggs. She confined the butterfly with the plant and obtained 74 eggs. It was like a Danais, she said, but the caterpillars were like a Vanessan.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF CHIONOBAS JUTTA
Authors: Fyles Thomas. W.
Published: February 2010

Eggs laid June 17th, scattered, hatched July 1st.

Egg.—Creamy white: one-twenty-fourth of an inch in diameter; shaped like a nutmeg-melon; marked longitudinally with zig-zag ridges; attached by short foot-stalk.

Newly Hatched Larva.—One-eighth of an inch long. Head large in proportion to body, honey-yellow, granulated. Body attenuated and ending in two pointed prolongations; pale amber, set with brown tubercles bearing light spines. Dorsal an side lines darker amber. Spiracles dark brwon. Head and fore legs bearing a few bristles. The insect feeds with its head downwards on the edge of the leaf. Its food plant is the sedge, Carex oligosperma.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M.
Published: February 2010

Datana integerrima, Gr. & Rob.

Before Last Moult.—Head and cervical shield shining jet black. Body deep reddish brown, with three very fine, narrow, sordid white stripes along each side, and a broader one below the spricles, which are black, and another stripe along the middle of the venter. Thoracic feet, extremities of abdominal legs and anal legs jet black, shining. The body is also covered with sordid white hairs. Length 32 mm.
NOTE ON A GERMAN EDITION OF ROSS'S SECOND VOYAGE (1829-1833)
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

A copy of a German translation of Ross's Second Voyage lately fell into my hands, and I make the following bibligraphical note upon the descriptions of Lepidoptera there given. The translation is by Julius, Graf von der Gröben, Lieutenant in K. Pr. Reg. Garde du corps, and the thrid part or volume in published in Berlin, 1836. This volume (8 Vo.) contains the natural history, the descriptions of the Lepidoptera occupying pages 238 to 255 inclusive.
DESCRIPTION OF PREPARATORY STAGES OF DATANA MINISTRA, Drury
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Pure white, ovoid, with flattened base the apex with black dot showing impregnation. Laid in masses, from 25 to 50 on under side of leaf.

Young Larva.—Head black, shining, second segment orange brown in front, cervical shield black. Body color chestnut brown, with the stripes a little darker; anal clasps and thoracic feet jet black. Length 3 mm.
CATALOGUE OF THE MYRMOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA WITH BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Quite a number of our Coleoptera are known to associate in their imago or perfect state with the Formicariæ—comprehensively, ants. Very little, perhaps nothing, is known of the larval and pupal life of any of these beetle. Some, like Batrisus bistriatus, probably never leave the ants; but others, like the species of Cremastochilus, desert them in the spring, whether afterwards to return and propagate among them is an open question.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA RELICTA, Walk
Authors: Clark Howard. L.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Shape of flattened sphere. Diameter, 1 mil. Color, brownish slate. There are thiry-six vertical ribs, each alternate one only reaching the apex; and numerous horizontal parallel stritations. The eighteen ribs which reach the apex there unite with the horizontal lines, forming an irregular network. Duration of this period 241 to 246 days.
PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA INNUBENS, Guen
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

April 28, 1887, a single larva of then unknown Catocal was found on a Honey Locust which proved to be this species. By its appearance it had seemingly passed the first moult. Hence the egg and first stage of the larva is lacking in this account of its life history. If my conjecture be true, my description will begin with the conventional “after the first moult.” Length .26 inch. Color pale greenish, the anterior two and posterior three joints whitish; four purplish red stripes on each side, the lower somewhat broken; head mottled, but not heavily so; piliferous spots black, with short black hairs. Shape as usual with Catocala larvæ. Duration of this period unknown.
STRAY NOTES ON MYRMELEONIDÆ, Part 5
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The species was described (1787) by Fabricius, from a specimen wanting prominent parts, antennæ and legs. The descriptions by Villers, Olivier, Gmelin, Latreile and Waler, are simply copies.

Borkhausen, in 1791, described the sa mespecies as M. ocellatum, from a specimen found in Darmstadt, Hesse. The descripiton and figure are good, and Burmeister believed the N. American species to be identical.