bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representação das linguagens sociais no romance: desencontro cultural e ideológico em São Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos
Authors: Marinho Maria Celina Novaes
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho, examina-se a representação da heterogeneidade discursiva no romance, tomando-se como objeto de análise o livro São Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos
O Percurso interpretativo de um discurso argumentativo
Authors: Mauro Maria Adélia Ferreira
Published: December 2017

O texto descreve o percurso interpretativo de um discurso argumentativo - o artigo assinado da página editorial destacando o quadro teórico que orienta essa atividade interpretativo, bem como as estratégias de construção do sentido aí desveladas. Analisa-se, particularmente, a parte introdutória de dois discursos em confronto na página editorial de um jornal paulista, buscando explicitar as operações discursivas que os individuam São discutidas as operações realizadas pelos locutores/enunciadores, identificando-se as escolhas efetuadas no nível sintático e semântico dos enunciados que configuram essa parte da estrutura argumentativa na qual a relação subjetiva se instaura e o jogo argumentativo se esboça
A Omissão de complementos verbais
Authors: Cavalcante Mônica Magalhães
Published: December 2017

O propósito deste trabalho é apontar um conjunto de variáveis pragmáticas, semânticas e sintáticas que determinam a omissão - uma forma de não-realização dos complementos verbais recuperáveis nãoanaforicamente. A partir de uma análise de 1669 ocorrências de complementos verbais, extraídos de dezenove inquéritos do projeto PORCUFORT (Português Oral Culto de Fortaleza), cheguei à conclusão de que as vari­ áveis pragmáticas Estado de Ativação e Identijicabilidade são as que mais condicionam este fenômeno lingüístico, por serem as que refletem mais diretamente a intencionalidade do falante. Esses fatores interagem com vários condicionadores de natureza semântico-sintática, especialmente os que se prendem às relações entre predicados, Junções semânticas efunções sintáticas. O trabalho acrescenta, ainda, a essas respostas, uma série de reflexões sobre a transitividade de orações com omissão e sobre os critérios para a distinção entre complementos obrigatórios e complementos facultativos
Heroísmo e marginalidade: heranças quixotescas
Authors: Vieira Maria Augusta Da Costa
Published: December 2017

Estando nos umbrais de um novo gênero literário,o Dom Quixote gerou uma ampla descendência de narrativas que incorporam diferentes aspectos de sua construção. O presente artigo se detém inicialmente em algumas das marcas quixotescas de caráter estético presentes em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas. Em seguida aborda Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma, destacando outro tipo de filiação que se pauta pela constituição do herói, tendo em conta as imbricações entre o épico e o lírico, além da junção paradoxal entre heroísmo e loucura
"Por que os estrangeiros são estranhos?" - como diferenças culturais afetam a comunicação
Authors: Meireles Selma Martins
Published: December 2017

O artigo procura ilustrar a importância de convenções culturais que definem o estilo conversacional dos falantes de uma determinada língua e as dificuldades que podem surgir em interações interculturais, mesmo quando há o domínio do vocabulário e da gramática da língua estrangeira
O imbróglio Gaddiano
Authors: Fabris Mariarosaria
Published: December 2017

O pastiche plurilingüístico que caracteriza Quer Pasticciaccio Brutto de Via Merulana não está presente na tradução brasileira Desse modo, também o critério de montagem dos vários níveis de realidade, que preside esse romance de Cario Emilio Gadda, acaba sendo prejudicado
Ruffato
Authors: Perini Giorgio Bernardi
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo é comentada a tradução italiana do Liber Medicinalis, do poeta romano Quintus Serenus Sammonicus, realizada pelo médico e poeta Cesare Ruffato.
Questões sobre a literatura de testemunho.
Authors: De Marco Valeria
Published: December 2017

O trabalho apresenta um mapa da reflexão teórica sobre a literatura de testemunho produzida em dois campos: o dos estudos sobre a “shoah” e o daqueles voltados para a literatura hispano-americana. A partir desse balanço, propõe três questões para debate no âmbito da crítica e da historiografia literárias, com o objetivo de esboçar alguns pressupostos para considerar uma significativa produção literária da “era dos extremos”.
Crônicas inéditas (em livro) de Olavo Bilac
Authors: Dimas Antonio
Published: December 2017

O presente texto apresenta crônicas inéditas de Olavo Bilac, publicadas na imprensa no começo do século XX, que tratam das transformações por que passa a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e dos problemas sociais que nela permanecem.
Conceptualização e estruturação semântica lexical: relações
Authors: Barbosa Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho propõe-se a examinar aspectos importantes dos níveis conceptual e lexemático do percurso gerativo da enunciação de codificação e de decodificação. O estudo das estruturas e funções das unidades-padrão do plano cognitivo e do plano semiótico tem grande relevância, no âmbito das pesquisas lexicológicas, semânticas e terminológicas. São analisadas, aqui, de um lado, a complexidade estrutural e funcional dos constructos de cada um desses níveis, com vistas à proposição de uma tipologia de campos conceituais e de campos lexicais; de outro, as diferentes redes de relações intra e interconjuntos conceptuais e lexicais.
Semântica cognitiva, semântica de língua, semântica de discurso, interxtualidade, interdiscursividade.
Authors: Pais Cidmar Teodoro
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho, de caráter multidisciplinar, examina aspectos da parassinonímia e da co-hiponímia, enquanto fenômenos conceptuais e metalingüísticos, como procedimentos determinantes de intertextualidade e interdiscursividade, assim como relações entre cognição, semiose e transcodificação, de acordo com articulações postuláveis entre semântica cognitiva, semântica de língua, semântica de discurso, sociossemiótica e semiótica das culturas, concluindo-se pelo estudo de um caso.
Intertextualidade e reescrita feminista: Black Venus, de Angela Carter
Authors: Guedes Peonia Viana
Published: December 2017

Em Black Venus, Angela Carter se apropria de textos da literatura ocidental, relendo-os e reescrevendo-os de um ponto de vista feminista, dialogando com as obras originais, problematizando as formas literárias anteriores e inscrevendo vozes que não eram ouvidas nos textos canônicos.
O papel da máquina editorial na publicação de Nove novena, de Osman Lins, na França e na Alemanha
Authors: Kirsch Gaby Friess
Published: December 2017

O mercado editorial insere-se em um sistema no qual há mecanismos de poder em jogo. Fator de controle fora do próprio sistema literário, ele intervém na decisão de publicar uma tradução. Com base nas informações contidas na correspondência mantida entre Osman Lins e as tradutoras francesa e alemã, mostra-se como Nove, novena chegou ao conhecimento das editoras na França e na Alemanha, em que dificuldades esbarrou a publicação da tradução da obra, quais foram as estratégias usadas pela tradutora, pela agente literária e pelo próprio escritor para convencer os editores alemães a publicá-la e quais os argumentos alegados por eles para não editá-la.
Estratégias textuais de ressignificação do sentido na tradução do texto artístico
Authors: Ferreira Mário
Published: December 2017

O artigo postula que o potencial de recriação do texto artístico pode tornar-se mais alto, se observado o princípio de que, no trabalho de tradução, a unidade lingüística operativa é o texto. Defendese que a unidade textual constitui a zona de interseção adequada ao estudo do confronto entre dois sistemas lingüísticos. Apresentam-se propostas de tradução de cinco poemas sânscritos extraídos do Amaruçatakam (“A centúria de Amaru”).
A tradução de textos para as línguas exóticas nos séculos XVI e XVII - natureza e características
Authors: Navarro Eduardo De Almeida
Published: December 2017

A tradução de textos para as línguas americanas, africanas e asiáticas feita pelos europeus que, nos séculos XVI e XVII iniciavam a conquista ultramarina, teve o propósito fundamental de converter as populações de além-mar para o Cristianismo. Esses textos destinavam- se, alguns, às populações autóctones e, outros, aos próprios missionários e tiveram maior variedade nas regiões habitadas por sociedades de tradição escrita. No caso das gramáticas, o que se nota é a forte intertextualidade com o modelo latino. Neste artigo, mostramos quais foram os textos que a expansão européia buscou traduzir para as línguas ditas “exóticas” naqueles dois séculos.
"L'infinito": tensão entre teoria e prática na tradução de Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Guerini Andréia
Published: December 2017

Este artigo propõe-se verificar até que ponto a teoria sobre tradução defendida por Haroldo de Campos se encaixa na sua própria tradução do poema “L’Infinito”, do escritor italiano Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1834), publicada em 1970.
Considerazioni sulla traduzione del Liber Medicinalis di Quinto Sereno Sammonico
Authors: Ruffato Cesare
Published: December 2017

In questo articolo viene presentata la traduzione italiana delLiber Medicinalis di Quinto Sereno Sammonico.
Votos de juízes: embates de interpretações quanto à adoção por homossexuais
Authors: Costa Angela Plath da
Published: December 2017

Seguindo a perspectiva da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, refletimos sobre o modo de constituição dos sentidos, a partir das diferentes interpretações da lei sobre a adoção por casais de homossexuais e suas relações com os acontecimentos sociais. As análises ilustram os embates entre a aplicação das normas jurídicas na esfera social e a heterogeneidade constitutiva da interpretação, que trabalha em cima não apenas do discurso da normatização, mas de qualquer manifestação discursiva.
Percusos de Don Juan nas Américas
Authors: Pereira André Cesar
Published: December 2017

Esse trabalho analisa o mito de Don Juan em duas obras das Américas (Le Don Juan chrétien - 1966, do autor quebequense Jacques Ferron, e Don Juan acorrentado -1999, da autora brasileira Wanda Fabian) a partir da análise de Jean Rousset (O mito de Don Juan - 1981), que estuda o mito através de três pontos fundamentais: o ser inconstante, o grupo feminino e a figura do morto. Inicialmente apresenta-se o percurso histórico do mito de Don Juan na literatura escrita da Europa, observando as suas características. Em um segundo momento, desenvolve-se a análise de Jean Rousset e em seguida, estuda-se a migração do mito para o imaginário americano, no Quebec, com a obra de Jacques Ferron e no Brasil, com a obra de Wanda Fabian, tratando-o através dos três pontos fundamentais levantados por Jean Rousset. Por fim, busca-se observar as transformações do mito de Don Juan ao encontrar-se em um novo contexto social e literário, ao migrar para um novo imaginário cultural. Busca-se ainda estudar quais características do mito inicial serão mantidas nessas recorrências americanas e quais o ressemantizarão.
Do teatro escolar no colégio das artes de Coimbra ao teatro de Anchieta
Authors: Miranda Maria Margarida
Published: December 2017

Após evocar a estada de José de Anchieta como estudante no Colégio das Artes de Coimbra, o presente ensaio descreve algumas das práticas pedagógicas que tomaram lugar ali e que, eventualmente, conformaram suas obras dramatúrgicas. Com referência a isso, a prática do teatro escolar nos cursos de Retórica é posta em relevo, inclusive no Colégio da Guiena, onde a maior parte dos quadros do Colégio das Artes havia servido, no passado, como professores. Dentro desse pano de fundo, algum as reflexões concludentes sobre a especificidade catequética e missionária das obras dramáticas de Anchieta são propostas
Narrativa e identidade no MST
Authors: Zacchi Vanderlei J.
Published: December 2017

O papel da narrativa na construção da identidade do sem terra é o tem a central deste trabalho. O processo de narrar envolve a possibilidade de se construir um a identidade para si mesmo. No caso do MST, esse é um artifício importante para que o movimento apresente - tanto para os próprios sem-terra quanto para a sociedade como um todo - um a imagem diferente daquela que é proposta, e às vezes imposta, por grupos dominantes, normalmente identificados como seus adversários. Trata-se de instituir contra-narrativas que vão nortear não apenas a auto representação, m as também as ações dos sem-terra. Ao fazê-lo, a identidade que o movimento busca construir tanto pode assentar-se sobre atributos retirados da tradição - e reforçar, portanto, tendências puristas - quanto instituir a diferença como um de seus elementos fundamentais. Parte importante dessa análise é a postura que o movimento assume em relação a manifestações linguísticas e culturais com base em textos retirados de suas mídias virtuais e impressas
Os atos de fala e a ética do discurso
Authors: Focas Júnia Diniz
Published: December 2017

Discutirem os aqui o postulado da Ética no âmbito do pensamento filosófico, principalmente, no pensamento de Jurgen Habermas e Karl-Otto Apel, ambos expoentes da Escola de Frankfurt
Carta de Emile Zola ao Capitão Dreyfus
Authors: Guedes Rosane Mavignier
Published: December 2017

A carta de Émile Zola ao Capitão Dreyfus, cuja tradução é o tema deste trabalho, faz parte da coletânea de cartas organizadas pelo próprio Zola a respeito do caso Dreyfus, e publicadas no Jornal Aurore no período de 1897 a 1900. Acusado de traição à pátria, o jovem capitão de origem judaica foi julgado e condenado à degradação militar e à prisão em exílio. Tendo o processo corrido em segredo de justiça, na Justiça Militar, esse caso ganhou repercussão internacional. Assim, Émile Zola, então chefe da Escola Naturalista e presidente da Société des Gens de Lettres, tomou partido em favor do capitão e, engajandose no caso, publicou diversas cartas abertas. Esta carta foi escrita após o acórdão de revisão do processo, anulando o julgamento de 1894, e antes da instauração de um novo processo. Dreyfus é reenviado diante do Conselho de Guerra de Rennes. Nesse contexto de efervescência política, Zola fala a Dreyfus da atuação de seu irmão e de sua esposa na luta pela anulação do primeiro julgamento, de seu sentimento e da esperança de que a justiça, enfim, seja feita
Os temas geradores e a educação indígena diferenciada à luz dos conceitos de cronotopo, de etnicidade e de semiosfera
Authors: Martins Maria Sílvia Cintra
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho, retomo a proposta do educador brasileiro Paulo Freire, concernente aos temas geradores, com vistas a contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a educação indígena diferenciada. Trago-a para o âmbito das reflexões contemporâneas sobre os Estudos do Letramento, assim como para o das concepções bakhtinianas de gênero do discurso e de cronotopo. Também a aproximo dos conceitos de etnicidade e de semiosfera, de forma a melhor vislumbrar as eventuais lacunas que nos cabe superar dentro dos novos desafios presentes hoje nas áreas da Linguística Aplicada e da Educação.
Carolina e o drama da população descartável
Authors: Camargo Rita de Cássia , Cardoso Lourenço
Published: December 2017

Neste breve ensaio foi possível constatar, entre outras coisas, que o cânone literário brasileiro não é neutro. Ao contrário, é localizado, ou seja, hegemonicamente branco, ocidental e paternalista. No que se refere à escritora Carolina Maria de Jesus, ao falar por si mesma, acaba por provocar tensão, situação que torna difícil ser indiferente a sua figura e literatura. Se é difícil tratá-la com indiferença, a melhor estratégia é invisibilizá-la. O Núcleo História e Memória do Museu AfroBrasil, ao visibilizar Carolina Maria de Jesus, possilibilita às pessoas conhecerem-na e, desta maneira, resgata uma parte de nossa História.
Os povos indígenas na grande são paulo e sua situação linguística
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo
Published: December 2017

Dentro da lógica do modelo civilizatório vigente, as populações tradicionais são cada vez mais destituídas de seus espaços de sustentabilidade. Na região metropolitana de São Paulo, encontram-se, como força de trabalho, indivíduos provenientes de grupos indígenas migrados de sua terra tradicional. Busca-se, aqui, entender a situação linguística deles. A reflexão sobre línguas indígenas em contexto urbano constitui o cerne deste artigo.
Tradução do "Catálogo de todos os dias de guarda e de jejum"
Authors: Navarro Eduardo De Almeida
Published: December 2017

Tradução do "Catálogo de todos os dias de guarda e de jejum", texto em tupi antigo publicado pelo Jesuíta Antônio de Araújo (1618)
Applying High-Resolution Variant Classification to Cardiac Arrhythmogenic Gene Testing in a Demographically Diverse Cohort of Sudden Unexplained Deaths
Authors: Lin Ying , Williams Nori , Wang Dawei , Coetzee William , Zhou Bo , Eng Lucy S. , Um Sung Yon , Bao Ruijun , Devinsky Orrin , McDonald Thomas V. , Sampson Barbara A. , Tang Yingying
Published: December 2017

Background—

Genetic variant interpretation contributes to testing yield differences reported for sudden unexplained death. Adapting a high-resolution variant interpretation framework, which considers disease prevalence, reduced penetrance, genetic heterogeneity, and allelic contribution to determine the maximum tolerated allele count in gnomAD, we report an evaluation of cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes in a large, demographically diverse sudden unexplained death cohort that underwent thorough investigation in the United States’ largest medical examiner’s office.

Methods and Results—

The cohort has 296 decedents: 147 Blacks, 64 Hispanics, 49 Whites, 22 Asians, and 14 mixed ethnicities; 142 infants (1 to 11 months), 39 children (1 to 17 years), 74 young adults (18 to 34 years), and 41 adults (35 to 55 years). Eighty-nine cardiac disease genes were evaluated. Using a high-resolution variant interpretation workflow, we classified 17 variants as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (2 of which were incidental findings and excluded in testing yield analysis), 46 novel variants of uncertain significance, and 130 variants of uncertain significance. Nine pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in ClinVar were reclassified to likely benign and excluded in testing yield analysis. The yields of positive cases by ethnicity and age were 21.4% in mixed ethnicities, 10.2% Whites, 4.5% Asians, 3.1% Hispanics, and 2% Blacks; 7.7% children, 7.3% in adults, 5.4% young adults, and 2.8% infants. The percentages of uncertain cases with variants of uncertain significance by ethnicity were 45.5% in Asians, 45.3% Hispanics, 44.20% Blacks, 36.7% Whites, and 14.3% in mixed ethnicities.

Conclusions—

High-resolution variant interpretation provides diagnostic accuracy and healthcare efficiency. Under-represented populations warrant greater inclusion in future studies.
Memory Contextualization: The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Functional Integration across Item and Context Representational Regions
Authors: Zhang Wei , van Ast Vanessa A. , Klumpers Floris , Roelofs Karin , Hermans Erno J.
Published: December 2017

Memory recall is facilitated when retrieval occurs in the original encoding context. This context dependency effect likely results from the automatic binding of central elements of an experience with contextual features (i.e., memory “contextualization”) during encoding. However, despite a vast body of research investigating the neural correlates of explicit associative memory, the neural interactions during encoding that predict implicit context-dependent memory remain unknown. Twenty-six participants underwent fMRI during encoding of salient stimuli (faces), which were overlaid onto unique background images (contexts). To index subsequent context-dependent memory, face recognition was tested either in intact or rearranged contexts, after scanning. Enhanced face recognition in intact relative to rearranged contexts evidenced successful memory contextualization. Overall subsequent memory effects (brain activity predicting whether items were later remembered vs. forgotten) were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right amygdala. Effective connectivity analyses showed that stronger context-dependent memory was associated with stronger coupling of the left IFG with face- and place-responsive areas, both within and between participants. Our findings indicate an important role for the IFG in integrating information across widespread regions involved in the representation of salient items and contextual features.
Cross-frequency Phase–Amplitude Coupling as a Mechanism for Temporal Orienting of Attention in Childhood
Authors: Mento Giovanni , Astle Duncan E. , Scerif Gaia
Published: December 2017

Temporal orienting of attention operates by biasing the allocation of cognitive and motor resources in specific moments in time, resulting in the improved processing of information from expected compared with unexpected targets. Recent findings have shown that temporal orienting operates relatively early across development, suggesting that this attentional mechanism plays a core role for human cognition. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms allowing children to attune their attention over time are not well understood. In this study, we presented 8- to 12-year-old children with a temporal cueing task designed to test (1) whether anticipatory oscillatory dynamics predict children's behavioral performance on a trial-by-trial basis and (2) whether anticipatory oscillatory neural activity may be supported by cross-frequency phase–amplitude coupling as previously shown in adults. Crucially, we found that, similar to what has been reported in adults, children's ongoing beta rhythm was strongly coupled with their theta rhythm and that the strength of this coupling distinguished validly cued temporal intervals, relative to neutral cued trials. In addition, in long trials, there was an inverse correlation between oscillatory beta power and children's trial-by-trial reaction, consistent with oscillatory beta power reflecting better response preparation. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that temporal attention in children operates by exploiting oscillatory mechanism.
Zur evictio in libertatem
Authors: Kleňová Veronika
Published: December 2017

On evictio in libertatem. – By the evictio in
libertatem might be affected the sale of a
statuliber, likewise the sale of a slave whom the
fideicommissaria libertas was bequeathed and who were sold
without mentioning their condicio. Evictio in libertatem refers
also to the sale of a slave whose freedom was ordered through an earlier
lex venditionis which was not repeated to the buyer and
finally to the sale of a liber homo that was bought without the
buyer`s knowledge of his freedom. Besides the dispersed phenomena of
evictio in libertatem the paper deals with the cases where
the liability of a vendor for eviction was excluded because of the fact that 1)
the buyer has voluntarily (effective or ineffective) freed the bought slave, 2)
the buyer was forced by praetor to manumit the bought slave
ex causa
fideicommissi, 3) the buyer caused the freedom of the bought
slave indirectly through a breach of an obligation. Despite the excluded
liability for eviction an actio empti was granted to the buyer
if he suffered a loss in consequence of the legal defect, namely when: 1) the
vendor in the sale said that the man sold is a statuliber, but
concealed the condition of his freedom, he knew, 2) the vendor concealed the
fact that to the slave sold the fideicommissary freedom is bequeathed and the
slave, after he has been freed from the buyer, changed the person of the patron,
3) the vendor concealed the fideicommissary freedom bequeathed to the slave sold
and the buyer was forced to manumit the slave. Furthermore was the seller liable
ex empto when he said that the man sold is a
statuliber, directed to be free on giving a certain amount
of money, but declared the sum to be greater than it really was.
A fragment of the Reforma das Ordenações de D. Afonso V
Authors: Domingues José , Pinto Pedro
Published: December 2017

This study examines the first and to date probably the only known fragment of the legislative compilation known as the Reforma das Ordenações de D. Afonso V, [‘Revised Laws of King Afonso V’], accomplished by Doctor Rui Fernandes in the town of Arruda on 28 July 1446. The fact that it is a parchment fragment has given rise to the hypothesis that it is the only known vestige of the original version, which would have been deposited at the central Chancery immediately after the revision was concluded, in order to serve as the matrix for subsequent authentic copies.
The Court of Common Pleas of East Florida 1763-1783
Authors: Mirow M.C.
Published: December 2017

Legal historians have surmised that court records of the British province of East Florida (1763-1783) have been either lost or destroyed. This assumption was based on the poor conditions for survival of documents in Florida and statements made in the secondary literature on the province. Nonetheless, a significant number of documents related to the courts of British East Florida exist in the National Archives (Kew). These materials reveal an active legal culture using English law in a wide range of courts including (1) the Court of Common Pleas; (2) the Court of Chancery; (3) the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, Oyer et Terminer, Assize and General Gaol Delivery; (4) Special Courts of Oyer et Terminer; (5) the Court of Vice-Admiralty; (6) the Court of Ordinary; (7) the General Court; and (8) a District Court. 

This article studies a portion of the documents related to the Court of Common Pleas to describe the nature of the court’s practice in civil litigation. It closely examines three cases for which sufficient extant pleadings permit the reconstruction of the general contours of recovery for breach of a sales contract through an action of trespass on the case, for contract enforcement through an action of covenant, and for recovery of a sum certain through an action of debt. The small window provided by these cases into the activities of this court reveals a heretofore unknown world of English common law in North America during and after the American Declaration of Independence. This new information supplements and challenges our established understanding of colonial law in North America in the revolutionary period and the use of law in the British Empire. This study illustrates the many opportunities these sources offer to legal historians of the period.
Civil mediation in imperial, republican and modern-day China
Authors: Chan Peter C.H.
Published: December 2017

This article explores the position of mediation as a means of civil disputes resolution in China’s legal history. While civil adjudication existed in imperial China, the legal tradition of wu song (‘[a society] free from litigation’) played a fundamental role in shaping China’s imperial civil justice system. Under the Confucian ideology, disputes of a civil nature should be settled through conciliatory means so that the amicable relations of the disputants could be maintained. The culture of face-saving and the maintenance of cordial relations remains a distinctive characteristic of the modern Chinese society. This legal historical background provided the ideological foundation for civil procedural systems during the Republican era (1911-1949) and the early days of the People’s Republic (since 1949). The current debate on the contemporary mediation system is placed into the appropriate context when one understands that civil process in China today still operates under the shadow of cultural norms of the traditional Chinese legal order.
Market Orientation or Social Orientation?
Authors: Lu Weijing , Liu Chengcheng , Zhao Xiaoping
Published: December 2017

The current studies about the transformation of government-organized foundation (go-foundation) usually focus on “de-administration.” Basing on new institutionalism and resource dependence theory, the study adds substantive rationality to explaingo-foundation transformation in China, and chooses 4 typical cases in Lushan earthquake relief in 2013. The study finds that, thego-foundation goes towards two different directions during transformation: one is resource-oriented marketization and the other is value-oriented socialization. Different from enterprises, the influencing factors of foundation transformation not only include the institution system and resources but also inherent philanthropic value.
Middle Holocene Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers of Lake Turkana in Kenya and Their Cultural Connections with the North: The Pottery
Authors: Keding Birgit
Published: December 2017

During the Early and Middle Holocene, large areas of today’s arid regions in North and East Africa were populated by fisher-hunter-gatherer communities who heavily relied on aquatic resources. In North Africa, Wavy Line pottery and harpoons are their most salient diagnostic features. Similar finds have also been made at sites in Kenya’s Lake Turkana region in East Africa but a clear classification of the pottery was previously not available. In order to elucidate the cultural connections between Lake Turkana’s first potters and North African groups, the pottery of the Koobi Fora region that was excavated by John Barthelme in the 1970/80s was re-assessed in detail. It was compared and contrasted – on a regional scale – with pottery from Lowasera and sites near Lothagam (Zu4, Zu6) and – on a supra-regional scale – with the pottery of the Central Nile Valley and eastern Sahara. The analyses reveal some significant points: Firstly, the early fisher pottery of Lake Turkana is clearly typologically affiliated with the Early Khartoum pottery and was thus part of the Wavy Line complex. Secondly, certain typological features of the Turkana assemblages, which include only a few Dotted Wavy Line patterns, tentatively hint to a date at least in the 7th millennium bp or earlier. Thirdly, the pottery features suggest that the East African fisher-hunter-gatherers adopted pottery from Northeast Africa.
Identification of a murine CD45−F4/80lo HSC-derived marrow endosteal cell associated with donor stem cell engraftment
Authors: Overholt Kathleen M. , Otsuru Satoru , Olson Timothy S. , Guess Adam J. , Velazquez Victoria M. , Desbourdes Laura , Dominici Massimo , Horwitz Edwin M.
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Novel CD45–F4/80lo marrow cells are developmentally derived from hematopoietic progenitors and reside among the endosteal osteoblasts. In situ depletion of CD45 cells before marrow radioablation results in flattened osteoblasts and absent HSC engraftment.
Chest computed tomography-derived low fat-free mass index and mortality in COPD
Authors: McDonald Merry-Lynn N. , Diaz Alejandro A. , Rutten Erica , Lutz Sharon M. , Harmouche Rola , San Jose Estepar Raul , Kinney Greg , Hokanson John E. , Gower Barbara A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Rennard Stephen I. , Hersh Craig P. , Casaburi Richard , Dransfield Mark T. , Silverman Edwin K. , Washko George R.
Published: December 2017

Low fat-free mass index (FFMI) is an independent risk factor for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) not typically measured during routine care. In the present study, we aimed to derive fat-free mass from the pectoralis muscle area (FFMPMA) and assess whether low FFMIPMAis associated with all-cause mortality in COPD cases. We used data from two independent COPD cohorts, ECLIPSE and COPDGene.

Two equal sized groups of COPD cases (n=759) from the ECLIPSE study were used to derive and validate an equation to calculate the FFMPMAmeasured using bioelectrical impedance from PMA. We then applied the equation in COPD cases (n=3121) from the COPDGene cohort, and assessed survival. Low FFMIPMAwas defined, using the Schols classification (FFMI <16 in men, FFMI <15 in women) and the fifth percentile normative values of FFMI from the UK Biobank.

The final regression model included PMA, weight, sex and height, and had an adjusted R2of 0.92 with fat-free mass (FFM) as the outcome. In the test group, the correlation between FFMPMAand FFM remained high (Pearson correlation=0.97). In COPDGene, COPD cases with a low FFMIPMAhad an increased risk of death (HR 1.6, p<0.001).

We demonstrated COPD cases with a low FFMIPMAhave an increased risk of death.
Efficient video collection association using geometry-aware Bag-of-Iconics representations
Authors: Wang Ke , Dunn Enrique , Rodriguez Mikel , Frahm Jan-Michael
Published: December 2017

Recent years have witnessed the dramatic evolution in visual data volume and processing capabilities. For example, technical advances have enabled 3D modeling from large-scale crowdsourced photo collections. Compared to static image datasets, exploration and exploitation of Internet video collections are still largely unsolved. To address this challenge, we first propose to represent video contents using a histogram representation of iconic imagery attained from relevant visual datasets. We then develop a data-driven framework for a fully unsupervised extraction of such representations. Our novel Bag-of-Iconics (BoI) representation efficiently analyzes individual videos within a large-scale video collection. We demonstrate our proposed BoI representation with two novel applications: (1) finding video sequences connecting adjacent landmarks and aligning reconstructed 3D models and (2) retrieving geometrically relevant clips from video collections. Results on crowdsourced datasets illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed Bag-of-Iconics representation.
Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematodePanagrolaimussp. DAW1
Authors: Seybold Anna C. , Wharton David A. , Thorne Michael A. S. , Marshall Craig J.
Published: December 2017

Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is a freeze-tolerant Antarctic nematode which survives extensive intracellular ice formation. The molecular mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are still poorly understood. We recently showed that desiccation-enhanced RNAi-soaking can be used - in conjunction with qPCR - to screen for phenotypes associated with reduced expression of candidate genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. Here we present the use of this approach to investigate the role of trehalose synthesis genes in this remarkable organism.

Previous studies have showed that acclimating Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 at 5 °C before freezing or desiccation substantially enhances survival. In this study the expression of tps-2 and other genes associated with trehalose metabolism, as well as lea-1, hsp-70 and gpx-1 in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated nematodes was analyzed using qPCR. Pd-tps-2 and Pd-lea-1 were significantly up-regulated after cold-acclimation, indicating an inducible expression in the cold-adaptation of Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The role of trehalose synthesis genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 was further investigated by RNAi. Compared to the controls, Pd-tps-2a(RNAi)-treated and cold-acclimated nematodes showed a significant decrease in mRNA, but no change in trehalose content or freezing survival. The involvement of two other trehalose synthesis genes (tps-2b and gob-1) was also investigated.

These findings provide the first functional genomic investigation of trehalose synthesis genes in the non-model organism Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The presence of several trehalose synthesis genes with different RNAi sensitivities suggests the existence of multiple backup systems in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1, underlining the importance of this sugar in preparation for freezing.
Testing a key assumption in animal communication: between-individual variation in female visual systems alters perception of male signals
Authors: Ronald Kelly L. , Ensminger Amanda L. , Shawkey Matthew D. , Lucas Jeffrey R. , Fernández-Juricic Esteban
Published: December 2017

Variation in male signal production has been extensively studied because of its relevance to animal communication and sexual selection. Although we now know much about the mechanisms that can lead to variation between males in the properties of their signals, there is still a general assumption that there is little variation in terms of how females process these male signals. Variation between females in signal processing may lead to variation between females in how they rank individual males, meaning that one single signal may not be universally attractive to all females. We tested this assumption in a group of female wild-caught brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), a species that uses a male visual signal (e.g. a wingspread display) to make its mate-choice decisions. We found that females varied in two key parameters of their visual sensory systems related to chromatic and achromatic vision: cone densities (both total and proportions) and cone oil droplet absorbance. Using visual chromatic and achromatic contrast modeling, we then found that this between-individual variation in visual physiology leads to significant between-individual differences in how females perceive chromatic and achromatic male signals. These differences may lead to variation in female preferences for male visual signals, which would provide a potential mechanism for explaining individual differences in mate-choice behavior.
An attenuated quadruple gene mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis imparts protection against tuberculosis in guinea pigs
Authors: Bahal Ritika Kar , Mathur Shubhita , Chauhan Priyanka , Tyagi Anil K.
Published: December 2017

Previously we had developed a triple gene mutant of M. tuberculosis (MtbΔmms) harbouring disruption in three genes namely mptpA, mptpB and sapM. Though vaccination with MtbΔmms strain induced protection in the lungs of guinea pigs, the mutant strain failed to control the hematogenous spread of the challenge strain to the spleen. Additionally, inoculation with MtbΔmms resulted in some pathological damage to the spleens in the early phase of infection. In order to generate a strain that overcomes the pathology caused by MtbΔmms in spleen of guinea pigs and controls dissemination of the challenge strain, MtbΔmms was genetically modified by disrupting bioA gene to generate MtbΔmmsb strain. Further, in vivo attenuation of MtbΔmmsb was evaluated and its protective efficacy was assessed against virulent M. tuberculosis challenge in guinea pigs. MtbΔmmsb mutant strain was highly attenuated for growth and virulence in guinea pigs. Vaccination with MtbΔmmsb mutant generated significant protection in comparison to sham-immunized animals at 4 and 12 weeks post-infection in lungs and spleen of infected animals. However, the protection imparted by MtbΔmmsb was significantly less in comparison to BCG immunized animals. This study indicates the importance of attenuated multiple gene deletion mutants of M. tuberculosis for generating protection against tuberculosis.
A novel assessment of the traction forces upon settlement of two typical marine fouling invertebrates using PDMS micropost arrays
Authors: Xiao Kang , Cao Wen-Bin , Rong Cu-Huang , Chen Lian-Guo , Yang Xiao-Xue , Wen Wei-Jia , Qian Pei-Yuan , Hu Zhang-Li , Xu Ying , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2017

Marine biofouling poses a severe threat to maritime and aquaculture industries. To prevent the attachment of marine biofouling organisms on man-made structures, countless cost and effort were spent annually. In particular, most attention has been paid on the development of efficient and environmentally friendly fouling-resistant coatings, as well as larval settlement mechanism of several major biofouling invertebrates. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropost arrays were utilized as the settlement substrata and opposite tractions were identified during early settlement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and the bryozoan Bugula neritina. The settling A. amphitrite pushed the periphery microposts with an average traction force of 376.2 nN, while settling B. neritina pulled the periphery microposts with an average traction force of 205.9 nN. These micropost displacements are consistent with the body expansion of A. amphitrite during early post-settlement metamorphosis stage and elevation of wall epithelium of B. neritina during early pre-ancestrula stage, respectively. As such, the usage of micropost array may supplement the traditional histological approach, to indicate the early settlement stages or even the initiation of larval settlement of marine fouling organisms, and could finally aid in the development of automatic monitoring platform for the real-time analysis on this complex biological process.
First de novo draft genome sequence of Oryza coarctata, the only halophytic species in the genus Oryza
Authors: Mondal Tapan Kumar , Rawal Hukam Chand , Gaikwad Kishor , Sharma Tilak Raj , Singh Nagendra Kumar
Published: December 2017

Oryza coarctata plant, collected from Sundarban delta of West Bengal, India,  has been used in the present study to generate draft genome sequences, employing the hybrid genome assembly with Illumina reads and third generation Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. We report for the first time the draft genome with the coverage of 85.71 %  and  deposited the raw data in NCBI SRA, with BioProject ID PRJNA396417.
Estimating the number of cases of podoconiosis in Ethiopia using geostatistical methods
Authors: Deribe Kebede , Cano Jorge , Giorgi Emanuele , Pigott David M. , Golding Nick , Pullan Rachel L. , Noor Abdisalan M. , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Osgood‐Zimmerman Aaron , Enquselassie Fikre , Hailu Asrat , Murray Christopher J. L. , Newport Melanie J. , Brooker Simon J. , Hay Simon I. , Davey Gail
Published: December 2017

Background: In 2011, the World Health Organization recognized podoconiosis as one of the neglected tropical diseases. Nonetheless, the  magnitude of podoconiosis and the geographical distribution of the disease is poorly understood. Based on a nationwide mapping survey and geostatistical modelling, we predict the prevalence of podoconiosis and estimate the number of cases across Ethiopia.

Methods: We used nationwide data collected in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2013. Data were available for 141,238 individuals from 1,442 communities in 775 districts from all nine regional states and two city administrations. We developed a geostatistical model of podoconiosis prevalence among adults (individuals aged 15 years or above), by combining environmental factors. The number of people with podoconiosis was then estimated using a gridded map of adult population density for 2015.

Results: Podoconiosis is endemic in 345 districts in Ethiopia: 144 in Oromia, 128 in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s [SNNP], 64 in Amhara, 4 in Benishangul Gumuz, 4 in Tigray and 1 in Somali Regional State. Nationally, our estimates suggest that 1,537,963 adults (95% confidence intervals, 290,923-4,577,031 adults) were living with podoconiosis in 2015. Three regions (SNNP, Oromia and Amhara) contributed 99% of the cases. The highest proportion of individuals with podoconiosis resided in the SNNP (39%), while 32% and 29% of people with podoconiosis resided in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, respectively. Tigray and Benishangul Gumuz Regional States bore lower burdens, and in the remaining regions, podoconiosis was almost non-existent. 

Conclusions: The estimates of podoconiosis cases presented here based upon the combination of currently available epidemiological data and a robust modelling approach clearly show that podoconiosis is highly endemic in Ethiopia. Given the presence of low cost prevention, and morbidity management and disability prevention services, it is our collective responsibility to scale-up interventions rapidly.
Environmental Education for Elementary School Students
Authors: Курбатова Алла , Kurbatova Alla , Горюнова А. , Goryunova A.
Published: December 2017

The article considers both theoretical issues related to the specifics of the environmental education of younger schoolchildren and the aspects of the teacher’s organization of the relevant work, which involves a combination of lessons and extracurricular activities. The relevance of individual extracurricular work, including the joint activity of an adult and a child, is substantiated.
“Biography” of Cultivated Plants
Authors: Переверзева Э. , Pereverzeva E.
Published: December 2017

The author offers materials for the teacher on the history of cultivated plants - cereals, which can be used both in lessons on the subject “The World Around Us” for the expansion of knowledge of younger schoolchildren on relevant topics, and in the process of extracurricular differentiated work. More complete information about various aspects of human interaction with nature, including natural science, historical, cultural and environmental components, stimulate children’s curiosity, encourage the desire for independent learning and application in practice. The article gives examples of tasks that allow to generalize and consolidate the studied material.
Meeting the mental health needs of looked-after children
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: December 2017

A new report recommends that health and education professionals working with looked-after children and young people should receive appropriate mental health training. Dorothy Lepkowska explains
Statutory relationships and sex education must be truly inclusive
Authors: Kerr-Edwards Lesley
Published: December 2017

The government's forthcoming guidance for compulsory relationships and sex education (RSE) must be made inclusive of all students, including those with SEN and disabilities, says Lesley Kerr-Edwards. School nurses can help support teachers to deliver truly inclusive RSE.
Too quick to label mental health problems in the young?
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: December 2017

While it is vital to identify major mental illness in children and young people, Stephanie Thornton explains the risks and impact of mislabelling.
Limites de exposição ocupacional das normativas brasileiras de saúde e segurança em trabalhos com baixas temperaturas
Authors: Takeda Fabiano , Moro Antonio Renato Pereira
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os resultados de imagens termográficas da superfície da pele de partes do corpo de trabalhadores expostos a atividades com baixas temperaturas em um setor de cortes de frangos e comparar com os limites de tolerância das leis e normas regulamentadoras de saúde e segurança nacionais. Foram realizadas avaliações termográficas nas mãos e pés dos trabalhadores e avaliações na sala de trabalho conforme determina as normas regulamentadoras. As avaliações demonstram que os resultados ambientais atendem aos requisitos legais das normativas brasileiras de saúde e segurança, porém foram encontradas temperaturas nos dedos dos pés e das mãos que comparados aos parâmetros fisiológicos demostram condições que podem causar desconforto por resfriamento, dormência, dor, disfunções neuromusculares, surgimento de lesões e doenças provocadas por baixas temperaturas. Conclui-se que as leis e normas nacionais para a exposição ao frio determinam critérios insuficientes para manter o controle e preservação da saúde e integridade de pessoas em atividades com exposição a baixas temperaturas, resultando em implicações práticas de avaliação e de controle da exposição aos riscos.