bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Droplets can enhance microcapsule deformation in channel flow
Authors: Jing Dalei , Lu Ruixin , Farutin Alexander , Guo Ziyu , Wang Fan , Wang Wen , Misbah Chaouqi , Sui Yi
Published: September 2024

The dynamics of soft microparticles enclosed in a droplet flowing in a channel is an unexplored fundamental problem that lies at the heart of numerous applications, including droplet-based microfluidics, tissue engineering and smart material synthesis. Here we show that enclosing a flexible capsule into a droplet can amplify the capsule’s deformation parameters in channel flow by up to two orders of magnitude. Previously unreported capsule equilibrium shapes in channel flow, including an oblate spheroid and a reversed bullet, have also been discovered. We propose two theoretical models to predict the equilibrium position of the capsule inside the droplet, and estimate the capsule deformation, respectively. The present study provides an effective but simple approach to enhance and control the deformation of soft particles in a flowing suspension, which may inspire widespread applications, from high-throughput single-cell mechanical phenotyping, enhanced cross-membrane drug delivery, to manufacturing shape-controlled non-spherical particles and artificial cells.
Combined detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA using a DNA sensor
Authors: Gong Hang , Yao Shufen , Li Yong , Chen Chunyan , Chen Feng , Cai Changqun
Published: September 2024

A multi-detection strategy based on branched DNA nanostructures was developed to achieve the simultaneous high specificity identification and highly sensitive fluorescence responses to HBV antigen and HBV DNA.
Uranium extraction by metal–organic frameworks: advanced materials for new sorption possibilities
Authors: Henry Mathéo , Rinsant Damien , Maynadié Jérome , Carboni Michaël
Published: September 2024

This review paper explores the potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for uranium extraction. It discusses various MOF types, functionalization strategies, and factors affecting extraction efficiency.
Luminescence of nanocrystalline BaFCl codoped with Eu2+/3+ and Tb3+
Authors: Manamperi Nishani T. , Sivirathne Sachini W. , Erlenbeck Alyssa M. , Sameera Perera S. , Rabuffetti Federico A.
Published: September 2024

BaFCl nanocrystals coactivated by Eu2+, Eu3+, and Tb3+ were synthesized via hot-injection and their luminescence response characterized between 80 and 430 K.
A novel in situ methodology for U–Pb, (U–Th)/He, and fission track triple dating
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Zhiwu , Li Jinxi , Liu Shugen , Xu Ganqing , Yang Chaoqun , Tong Kui , Li Yin
Published: September 2024

For the first time, this paper introduces a general workflow for in situ U–Pb, (U–Th)/He, and fission track triple dating on a single grain.
Halogen substituted bithiophene-based polycatenars with tunable fluorescence
Authors: Alaasar Mohamed , Cao Yu , Neumann Thorben , Tan Tianyi , Liu Feng , Giese Michael
Published: September 2024

Helical networks and lamellar and nematic phases of bithiophene-based polycatenars. Functional tricatenars were investigated for fluorescence behaviour.
Self-consistent field theory and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of pentablock copolymer melt phase behavior
Authors: Park So Jung , Myers Tristan , Liao Vinson , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: September 2024

Using a combined theory-simulation approach we rapidly screen a large polymer design space to identify rules for desired morphologies as well as the chain conformations associated with the theory-predicted phase behavior.
Mn–Fe dual metal–organic framework based on trimesic acid as a high-performance electrode for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Sarwar Saira , Montes-García Verónica , Stachowiak Maria , Chudziak Tomasz , Kukułka Wojciech , Valentini Cataldo , Karoń Krzysztof , Pakulski Dawid , Ciesielski Artur
Published: September 2024

A novel dual metal–organic framework (Mn-Fe-BTC DMOF) was synthesized, demonstrating a promising strategy for improving MOF's surface area, chemical stability, and electrochemical performance in lithium metal batteries.
Facile construction of benzofulvene frameworks via a palladium-catalysed three-component reaction
Authors: Zhu Bo , Chen Zhi-Chao , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: September 2024

A palladium-catalysed three-component reaction between 1,3-enynes, 2-formylphenylboronic acids and N-sulfonyl amines has been developed, furnishing a variety of multifunctional benzofulvenes in moderate to good yields and E/Z-selectivity.
Mechanistic insights into ortho-blocked and ortho-free vitrimeric polybenzoxazines incorporating dynamic Schiff linkages for closed-loop recyclability
Authors: Rai Gaurav , Nebhani Leena
Published: September 2024

Understanding the effect of ortho-blocked and ortho-free vitrimeric polybenzoxazines incorporating Schiff chemistry for close loop recyclability.
Polymerization of isoprene and butadiene with unparalleled stereoselectivity catalysed by rare-earth metal cationic species bearing a novel tridentate ligand
Authors: Wang Xiuling , Wang Yang , Qin Zhonglei , Shen Liying , Shi Xiaochao
Published: September 2024

Phenylthiol-functionalized rare-earth metal cationic species showed unparalleled stereoselectivity in the polymerization of isoprene and butadiene to respectively produce cis-1,4-polyisoprene and trans-1,4-polybutadiene.
One-pot preparation of nonconventional luminescent polymer gels driven by polymerization
Authors: Jiang Nan , Pu Xin , Li Ke-Xin , Zhu Chang-Yi , Sun Yu-Wei , Xu Yan-Hong , Zhu You-Liang , Bryce Martin R.
Published: September 2024

Nonconventional chromophores are good candidates for preparing luminous gels because their luminescence is usually enhanced in the aggregated state.
Part II: superconductivity observed in magnetically separated nanoscale anatase titania at ambient temperature and pressure in an aqueous environment at its point of zero charge
Authors: Leffler Miriam , Fee Jared , March Seth , Wu Yang , Suib Steven L.
Published: September 2024

This is the first work to investigate if and/or how changes in the surface structure/properties affect the charge transfer resistance (RCT) of anatase titania with decreasing particle size.
Splitting and authentication of the newest retrieved cellulose-rich organic fiber from the exterior layer of Bangladeshi palmyra seed sprouts
Authors: Karim Fahmida-E- , Uddin Afsar , Islam Md. Redwanul , Islam Shahidul
Published: September 2024

The upward trajectory of plant-based cellulosic fiber originating from renewable sources is crucial to visualizing a sustainable future.
Harnessing biocatalysis as a green tool in antibiotic synthesis and discovery
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme F. S. , Kim Seong-Heun , Castagnolo Daniele
Published: September 2024

Biocatalysis offers a sustainable approach to drug synthesis, leveraging the high selectivity and efficiency of enzymes.
A study on the efficient separation of oily water using mullite whiskers membrane through combined filtration and electrofiltration
Authors: Naseri Masoumeh , Omidkhah Mohammadreza , Mousavi Seyed Foad
Published: September 2024

This study explores the efficacy of a ceramic membrane combining filtration, electrofiltration, and backwashing for oily water treatment.
Selective synthesis of cyclic alcohols from cycloalkanes using nickel(ii) complexes of tetradentate amidate ligands
Authors: Rajeev Anjana , Muthuramalingam Sethuraman , Sankaralingam Muniyandi
Published: September 2024

Selective synthesis of cyclic alcohols catalysed by nickel(ii) complexes of tetradentate amidate ligands.
Tuning liquid crystal properties with ZnO nanodiscs: a study on order parameter and conductivity
Authors: Mishra Shweta , Manjuladevi V. , Gupta R. K.
Published: September 2024

ZnO nanodiscs in NLC matrix helps increase the order parameter and decrease conductivity.
Highly sensitive flux-type non-invasive alcohol biosensor based on direct electron transfer of PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases adsorbed on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rakhmania Citra Dewi , Azhar Yoshi Izzuddin , Shida Kenji , Shinchi Erika , Adachi Taiki , Sowa Keisei , Kitazumi Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Tominaga Masato
Published: September 2024

An illustration of non-invasive alcohol skin gas monitoring using a CNF film sensor (PQQ-ADH/MWCNTs/CNF) that exhibits great selectivity and ultra-sensitivity with detection range at ppb levels.
Environmentally friendly and innovative design of ZIF-67 and lignin modified composites for efficient catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-related phenols
Authors: Zhou Mengqing , Chen Changzhou , Jiang Jie , Liu Yajun , Jiang Jianchun
Published: September 2024

Exploring lignin depolymerization and modification can yield high-value chemicals and liquid fuels, thereby enhancing resource utilization efficiency and alleviating pressure caused by energy shortages.
Low-water-permeability foils based on bio-renewable cellulose derivatives
Authors: Hickman Tanner J. , Tao Li , Stingelin Natalie , Meredith J. Carson
Published: September 2024

The water vapor transmission rate of highly crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose is one order of magnitude less than poly(ethylene terephthalate) due to minimization of interactions between water and hydroxyl side groups.
Metal–organic framework-derived lilac flower-like CoNiZnO@nitrogen-doped carbon composites via a trapping microwave strategy for efficient absorption
Authors: Yan Jiatong , Bai Wenhao , Cui Ce , Jiang Shan , Wang Weijie , Tang Hong , Guo Ronghui
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of technology has resulted in increased electromagnetic radiation, causing significant impact on human health. This work provides inspiration for the development and design of microwave absorbing materials.
Electrolyte regulation methods for improving the cycle life of zinc metal anodes
Authors: Liu Liyang , Hu Zewei , Wang Xin , Wang Xinyi , Zheng Qingqing , Han Chao , Xu Xun , Liu Hua-Kun , Dou Shi-Xue , Li Weijie
Published: September 2024

Three electrolyte regulation methods, including electrolyte solvation structure regulation, EDL regulation, and SEI regulation, are discussed in detail. Each method targets a distinct aspect: bulk electrolyte, EDL electrolyte, and SEI, respectively.
A dual-crosslinked macroporous aerogel with enhanced mechanical durability for efficient solar-driven desalination of seawater and wastewater
Authors: Sun Xiuyue , Sun Haowen , Wo Zihao , Su Yier , Zhang Xiwen
Published: September 2024

Gelatin–CNF–CNT aerogels with durable mechanical properties used for efficient interfacial solar evaporation.
Enzymatic self-assembly of short peptides for cell spheroid formation
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Tan Weiyi , Xu Bing
Published: September 2024

Biphenyl-capped phosphopeptides instruct cell aggregation into spheroids, with minimal effective concentrations below 10 μM. Key factors driving morphogenesis include the self-assembly ability and dynamic shapeshifting of the peptide assemblies.
Design and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate-based self-passivating coatings on magnesium alloys
Authors: Şahin Erdem , Ruggiero Roberta , Tatullo Marco , Paduano Francesco , Alp Meltem , Şeref Ahmed
Published: September 2024

In situ passivating tricalcium phosphate-based coating for biomedical applications of magnesium alloys.
A novel high signal-to-noise ratio fluorescent probe for real-time mitochondrial viscosity detection and imaging in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fu Jinyu , He Simeng , Liu Jiandong , Pang Jiaojiao , Wang Kang-Nan , Chen Yuguo
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial probes with a high SNR enable sensitive detection of mitochondrial viscosity in vivo and in vitro under pathological conditions.
Fluorinated polymeric insulating layer surface advancement by fluorine based cross-linking for high-performance organic electronic applications
Authors: Ye Heqing , Kwon Hyeok-jin , Ryu Ka Yeon , Lu Yufei , Choi Hyun Ho , Nam Sang Yong , Feng Zixiao , Park Jeongwan , Mo Jaewon , Zhang Hongjian , Lee Jihoon , Kong Hoyoul , Kim Se Hyun
Published: September 2024

Insulating polymeric layers, like fluorinated polymers, are excellent dielectric materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
Modified FDM with cartesian expansions for electromagnetic scattering from PEC targets
Authors: Wang Qiong , Wang Jun
Published: September 2024

In this article, a modified scheme of the fast dipole method (FDM) is proposed based on the Cartesian tensor. To achieve separation between the field and the source, the Taylor series used in the FDM is an incomplete second‐order expansion, which limits computational accuracy and flexibility. To address this issue, a Cartesian tensor is employed to expand the interactions between the far‐group pairs. This approach allows for a complete expansion of any order and offers flexibility in precision control, enabling a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy requirements across different application scenarios. Moreover, the computational accuracy of the proposed method can be improved without a substantial increase in time and memory requirements compared to the FDM. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated with numerical examples.
A coordination control between energy storage based DVR and wind turbine for continuous fault ride‐through
Authors: Chen Xunjun , Geng Guangchao , Jiang Quanyuan
Published: September 2024

Continuous fault ride‐through (CFRT) issues often arise in wind power systems. CFRT results in continuous voltage fluctuations which is characterized by “initially decreasing and then increasing” and can significantly disrupt the normal operation of wind power systems. To mitigate CFRT related problems, one approach is the utilization of energy storage (ES) based dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs). Nevertheless, the prohibitive costs and substantial ES requirements hamper practical implementation. In this article, a control scheme incorporating adaptive mode switching and coordinated control is proposed. First, the adaptive mode switching control leverages the advantages of two DVR compensation methods to reduce the injected voltage amplitude. The mode switching is activated by the DC link voltage and utilizes the PQR transformation to unlock the phase‐locked loop (PLL). Subsequently, an adaptive coordination coefficient is introduced, which considers the margin of ES regulation power and rotor inertia, to maintain power balance during CFRT. This proposed control strategy not only enables wind turbines to seamlessly ride through continuous faults without disconnecting from the grid but also leads to a reduction in the ES compensation requirement. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulations based on Simulink and hardware‐in‐loop (HIL) experiments are conducted.
An optically dark merging system at z ∼ 6 detected by JWST
Authors: Rodighiero G. , Enia A. , Bisigello L. , Girardi G. , Gandolfi G. , Kohandel M. , Pallottini A. , Badinelli N. , Grazian A. , Ferrara A. , Vulcani B. , Bianchetti A. , Marasco A. , Sinigaglia F. , Castellano M. , Santini P. , Cassata P. , Corsini E. M. , Gruppioni C.
Published: September 2024

Context. Near- to mid-infrared observations (from Spitzer and JWST) have revealed a hidden population of galaxies at redshift z = 3 − 6 called optically dark objects, which are believed to be massive and dusty star-formers. They contribute substantially to the cosmic star-formation rate (SFR) density at z ∼ 4 − 5 (up to 30 − 40%).

Aims. While optically dark sources are widely recognized as a significant component of the stellar mass function, the history of their stellar mass assembly (and the evolution of their interstellar medium) remains unexplored. However, they are thought to be the progenitors of the more massive early-type galaxies found in present-day groups and clusters. It is thus important to examine the possible connection between dark sources and merging events in order to understand the environment in which they live.

Methods. Here, we report our search for close companions in a sample of 19 optically-dark objects identified in the SMACS0723 JWST deep field. They were selected in the NIRCam F444W band and undetected below 2 μm. We restricted our analysis to the reddest (i.e., F277W–F444W > 1.3) and brightest (F444W < 26 mag) objects.

Results. We identified KLAMA, an optically dark source showing a very close companion (angular distance < 0.5″). The spatially resolved SED fitting procedure indicates that all components lying within 1.5″ of who is it the dark source are indeed at z ∼ 5.7. Tidal features (leading to a whale-shaped morphology) corroborate the hypothesis that KLAMA is the most massive (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10.3) and dusty (AV ∼ 3 at the core) system of an ongoing merger with a mass ratio of ∼10. Thus, around ten similar merger events would be required to double the stellar mass of KLAMA. Merging systems with properties similar to KLAMA are identified in the SERRA simulations, allowing us to reconstruct their stellar-mass assembly history and predict their molecular gas properties (in particular, the [CII] emission for the simulated system).

Conclusions. The discovery of mergers within dark galaxies at the end of the Epoch of Reionization highlights the importance of conducting a statistical search for additional candidates in deep NIRCam fields. Such research will aid in our understanding of the significance of merging processes during the obscured phase of stellar-mass accumulation.
Numerical investigation of magnetic reconnection in Jupiter’s dayside magnetodisc
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhang Binzheng , Delamere Peter A. , Yao Zhonghua , Guo Ruilong , Brambles Oliver
Published: September 2024

Context. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection is a unique process that may occur in rapidly rotating magnetospheres with internal plasma sources, and it is not expected at Earth. Several observations suggest that dayside magnetodisc reconnection could be driven in the Kronian magnetosphere. This raises the question as to whether it can occur at Jupiter, the fastest rotating planet in the Solar System. Recent reports have suggested its occurrence, but the limited number of identified events leaves the overall global picture in the Jovian magnetosphere uncertain.

Aims. The primary objective of this study is to answer whether dayside magnetodisc reconnection could exist within the Jovian magnetosphere through the use of global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. Additionally, we aim to conduct a numerical investigation to reveal its general distribution for possible future exploration.

Methods. The numerical simulations for Jovian magnetospheric dynamics are based on three-dimensional MHD calculations, which enable magnetic reconnection through numerical resistivity. In post-processing procedures, the simulated magnetodisc reconnection event is primarily identified by equatorial Bθ reversals, accompanied by an analysis of local plasma flows and global magnetic field lines.

Results. Our global MHD simulations reveal the existence of magnetodisc reconnection within the dayside Jovian magnetosphere. The simulation results indicate that dayside magnetodisc reconnection is more likely to occur during solar wind rarefaction, primarily due to the rapid expansion of the dayside magnetospheric volume. This expansion allows a rotation-driven centrifugal force to generate sufficient magnetic field line stretching for current sheet thinning and reconnection. In simulated dayside events, Bθ reversals may occur locally or non-locally through rotational transport from reconnection sites at earlier magnetic local times.

Conclusions. The existence and the features derived from simulations are testable as Galileo/Juno has accumulated a considerable amount of dayside magnetospheric data. These results are valuable for future Jovian missions, such as JUICE and Europa Clipper, and provide new insights into interpreting measurements from other rapidly rotating systems.
Capacity of AquaCrop model in simulating performance variables and water use efficiency of spring rapeseed
Authors: Aboodeh Hana , Bakhshandeh Abdolmehdi , Moradi-Telavat Mohammad Reza , Siadat Seyyed-Ataollah , Moosavi Seyyed-Amir , Alamisaeid Khalil
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted to simulate the performance of rapeseed using the AquaCrop model at Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (Iran), over two crop years, 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. The results of the first year were used to calibrate the model, while the results of the second year were used to validate it. The research showed that the highest grain yield (1.572–1.415 tons/hectare) and water use efficiency (0.50–0.45 kg/m3) were obtained the first year from the control treatment, with a density of 110 plants m−2, and the Hayola 4815 cultivar, and the second year, with a density of 140 plants m−2. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values were 1.82%, 15.36%, and 14.15% for grain yield, biomass, and water use efficiency, respectively, after the calibration phase and 15.4%, 19.99%, and 6.22%, after the validation phase. The model efficiency factor (EF) always resulted in values above 95%. According to the average relative error (RE), grain yield was overestimated both after calibration and validation steps, while biomass and water use efficiency were both underestimated. These results suggest that the simulations with AquaCrop model can be considered reliable for simulating spring rapeseed.
Extraction methods and geographical variability influence on phenolic content, fatty acid composition and physicochemical quality, of Moroccan Picholine olive oils in the Fes-Meknes region
Authors: Bechar Siham , Khamar Mohamed , Cherkaoui Essediya , Najimi Chaymae , Nounah Abderrahman , Bourais Ilhame
Published: September 2024

The study aims was to analyze the influence of extraction method and geographical origin on the quality of olive oils. Thirty samples of the "Moroccan Picholine" variety were collected from three types of crushers (hydraulic press, two-phase and three-phase) in four cities of the main Moroccan olive-growing region, Fes-Meknes, during the 2021 and 2022 harvest seasons. Oils from this region are generally of virgin and extra virgin olive oils quality, according to the International Olive Council, with high levels of oleic acid reaching up to 80.12 ± 1.94% for oils produced in Meknes, two-phase triturations. Two-phase extracted oils from Fez and Meknes show the highest MUFA/PUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids/ polyunsaturated fatty acids) ratios and lower quality parameters, indicating richness in monounsaturated fatty acids and improved oxidative stability. Polyphenol levels varied significantly between the cities of Fez, Meknes, Taounate and Taza, reaching 307.31 ± 17.44 mg/kg GAE for Fez, with notable differences (p < 0.05). In addition, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels differed significantly according to the type of extraction and the city of origin (p = 0.004 and p = 0.042, respectively). Principal component analysis identified three distinct groups based on extraction method and geographical location, highlighting the importance of these factors in obtaining olive oils with the specific characteristics sought.
A partition-graph restricted cooperative game with incomplete information
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Shi Yiding , Liu Jing
Published: September 2024

In a partition-graph restricted cooperative game with incomplete information, it is assumed that a prior coalition takes part in the grand coalition N in form of communication structure. Before the grand coalition is formed, all the players participate in the cooperation just by communication structure. Hence, a new cooperative game with communication structure (a restricted game for short) is formed. In this study, a new value of a restricted game is proposed, which is defined by the Myserson value and the Shapley value. It is proved that the added value of grand coalition is distributed by a certain ratio (i.e., the Shapley value). By generalized the distribution ratio, a further extension of the proposed value is gotten, i.e., the weight extended value. This weight extended value is unique based on restricted component efficiency, weight fairness, weight symmetric across coalitions, null coalition property and restricted linearity.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Chronic Hypertension in the Era of Prevention: A Contemporary, Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data from the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Stairs Jocelyn , Nash Christopher M. , Rolnik Daniel L.
Published: September 2024

Objective Chronic hypertension is a known risk factor for the development of preeclampsia and obstetrical morbidity. However, recent risk estimates, particularly in the era of use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for preeclampsia prevention, are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the association between chronic hypertension and preeclampsia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in a contemporary cohort of births spanning the period, since the introduction of a low-dose acetylsalicylic acid protocol. The secondary outcome was to estimate trends in preeclampsia and preterm birth among patients with chronic hypertension during the study period.

Study Design A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample Database to identify individuals discharged from hospitals in the United States following obstetrical delivery from 2014 to 2019. Pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension were identified using ICD 9/10 (International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th editions) codes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for the association between chronic hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with pregnancies not complicated by chronic hypertension. Temporal trends in preeclampsia and preterm birth among patients with chronic hypertension were estimated over the study period.

Results Among 4,451,667 obstetrical delivery-related admissions, 139,556 (3.1%) included pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension. Of these, 27,146 (19.4%) admissions included pregnancies with superimposed preeclampsia, compared with 222,351 (5.2%) of admissions that included pregnancies with preeclampsia without prior diagnosis of chronic hypertension. Pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension were associated with 3.29 times the odds of preeclampsia compared with pregnancies without chronic hypertension (95% confidence interval: 3.22–3.36), but the odds of preeclampsia (p-value for linear trend <0.0001) and preterm birth (p-value for linear trend = 0.0001) in this subgroup decreased over the study period.

Conclusion While the odds of preeclampsia are increased among pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension, the odds of preeclampsia in this population have decreased over time.

Key Points
Randomized controlled trial of an artificial intelligence diagnostic system for the detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in clinical practice
Authors: Nakao Eisuke , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Kato Yusuke , Namikawa Ken , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Kurihara Nozomi , Ishizuka Naoki , Ishihara Ryu , Tada Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko
Published: September 2024

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in image recognition using deep learning systems. It has been used to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, none of the previous reports were investigations in a clinical setting, being retrospective in design. We therefore conducted this trial to determine how AI can help endoscopists detect ESCC in a clinical setting.

Methods This was a prospective, single-center, exploratory, and randomized controlled trial. High risk patients with ESCC undergoing screening or surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the AI or control groups. In the AI group, the endoscopists watched both the AI monitor that detected ESCC with annotation and the normal monitor simultaneously; in the control group, the endoscopists watched only the normal monitor. In both groups, the endoscopists observed the esophagus using white-light imaging (WLI), followed by narrow-band imaging (NBI), then iodine staining. The primary end point was the enhanced detection rate of ESCC by nonexperts using AI. The detection rate was defined as the ratio of WLI/NBI-detected ESCCs to all ESCCs detected by iodine staining.

Results 320 patients were included in the analysis. The detection
rate of ESCC among nonexperts was 47% in the AI group and 45% in the control group (P = 0.93), with no significant difference, which was similarly found
for experts (87% vs. 57%; P = 0.20) and all endoscopists (57% vs.
50%; P = 0.70).

Conclusions This study could not demonstrate an improvement in the esophageal cancer detection rate using the AI diagnostic support system for ESCC.
Expanding retinal elasticity measurements into multiple directions
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2024

An addition to optical coherence elastography allows multidirectional retina measurements, offering a new tool for monitoring retinal health.
Key blood disease indicator can be estimated with rheological blood test data
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2024

Estimation method allows red blood cell deformability to be determined from the viscosity of blood.
Optimizing social welfare: A double-sided auction approach for low-carbon emission power systems with renewable energy certificates
Authors: Muangkhiew Prakaipetch , Chayakulkheeree Keerati
Published: September 2024

Decreasing carbon emissions becomes essential for maximizing social welfare in power systems. This study investigates the market clearing strategy for maximizing participants' benefits in both economic and environmental power systems, considering renewable energy certificates (RECs). The proposed problem formulation is solved by a particle swarm optimization algorithm and applied to a modified IEEE 30-bus system. The study shows that a combined supply offer that includes supply costs, carbon emission costs (CEC), renewable energy (RE) costs, and REC pricing resulted in the greatest cost savings. This paper demonstrates the efficiency of thorough optimization approaches. In addition, a more effective model is obtained by including demand-sided bidding in the optimization framework in addition to CEC, RE costs, and REC prices, leading to higher social welfare and encouraging the adoption of sustainable energy utilization. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating various environmental and economic factors into optimization frameworks for low-carbon power systems. Implementing this comprehensive strategy promotes substantial enhancements in social welfare and the progression of sustainable energy methodologies.
One-step ultrafast Joule heating synthesis of EuB6 ceramics and their electronic transport and magnetic properties
Authors: Li Chen , Xu Jia-Yi , Chen Yang , Liu Zhen-Tao , Tang Fang , Lai Jian-Feng , Wang Zhao-Cai , Fang Yong , Ye Mao , Zheng Ren-Kui
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of high-performance rare-earth borides (e.g., RB2, RB4, R2B5, RB6, RB12, and RB66) typically necessitates sintering at high temperatures and high pressures for prolonged durations. Traditional methods, such as hot-pressing sintering and spark plasma sintering, are marked by high production costs and low efficiency. Here, using EuB6 as an example, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of rare-earth boride ceramics utilizing the one-step ultrafast joule heating technology. Using this method, we optimized the sintering temperature and duration and synthesized EuB6 ceramics with superior electronic and magnetic properties at 1600 °C in just 5 min. The EuB6 ceramics prepared under optimized conditions show distinct paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition, significant negative magnetoresistance, and enhanced magnetization. The combination of the one-step ultrafast Joule heating technology and boron thermal reduction method offers a simple and fast synthesis approach for fabricating polycrystalline EuB6 and may be extended to prepare other rare-earth and transition-metal borides.
Silicon core fibers: A new platform for quantum light generation
Authors: Rizzotti Davide , Signorini Stefano , Harvey Clarissa , Fokine Michael , Pruneri Valerio
Published: September 2024

Integrated quantum sources are proving to be the most effective technology of sources for scalable quantum applications. A platform that satisfies all the requirements has not prevailed yet. In this framework, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a photon pair source in a silicon core fiber. The fiber, only 58 mm long, works at room temperature and shows an intrinsic brightness of 570 kHz/nm/mW2 and a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 133 ± 2 at around 1.55 μm wavelength. The low propagation losses of the platform, ∼0.3 dB/cm in our source, pave the way for effective fiber-based quantum sources in the telecom band. A comparison with state-of-the-art further confirms the potential of this platform for future applications, especially in the field of quantum communication.
Analysis of an induced Langmuir wave by ponderomotive forces and its applicability for plasma diagnostics
Authors: Flores Alfaro Gabriel M. , Shneider Mikhail N. , Gerakis Alexandros
Published: September 2024

We present a numerical study on the electron and ion density perturbation in low-temperature plasmas driven by the frequency detuning of two intense laser beams. Our study is performed in the hydrodynamic regime, which becomes applicable when the plasma grating period induced by the beating of the laser beams is greater than the Debye length and collective processes such as plasma oscillations can be excited. Our findings show a resonance in electron density perturbation as the frequency detuning approaches a value consistent with the Bohm–Gross dispersion relation in low- and high-pressure plasmas. We discuss the potential of this resonance as a diagnostic tool for precisely measuring electron temperature and density in low-temperature plasmas through coherent scattering.
Efficacy and adverse reactions of arthroscopic medial collateral ligament release for medial meniscus injury: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chen , Gao Xi , Sun ZhiWen
Published: September 2024

The posterior root tear of the medial meniscus has received increasing attention from scholars in recent years, with its incidence rate accounting for 10.1%–27.8% of all meniscal tears. A comprehensive search of eight databases was conducted to identify studies on the efficacy and negative consequences of arthroscopic medial collateral ligament release for medial meniscus damage. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, following a thorough assessment of the literature quality. A total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the data from these studies, there was no statistically significant difference between the test group and the control group in terms of Lysholm scores [standardized mean difference (SMD): 3.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.61, 8.06; P = 0.191], IKDC scores (SMD: 0.42; 95% CI: −3.54, 4.37; P = 0.837), VAS scores (SMD: −0.48; 95% CI: −1.36, 0.40; P = 0.283), and operation time (SMD: −24.87; 95% CI: −41.68, −8.05; P < 0.01). According to Lysholm scores, IKDC scores, VAS scores, operation time, and adverse reactions, the findings of this research imply that arthroscopic medial collateral ligament release may be favorable to people who have medial meniscus injury. Nevertheless, current outcomes require confirmation by additional studies of excellent quality.
Search for inhomogeneous Meissner screening in Nb induced by low-temperature surface treatments
Authors: McFadden Ryan M. L. , Junginger Tobias
Published: September 2024

Empirical surface treatments, such as low-temperature baking (LTB) in a gaseous atmosphere or in vacuum, are important for the surface preparation of Nb superconducting radio frequency cavities. These treatments inhomogeneously dope approximately the first 50 nm of Nb’s subsurface and are expected to impart depth-dependent characteristics to its Meissner response; however, direct evidence supporting this remains elusive, suggesting the effect is subtle. In this work, we revisit the Meissner profile data for several LTB treatments obtained from low-energy muon spin rotation (LE-μSR) experiments [Romanenko et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 072601 (2014) and McFadden et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 044018 (2023)] and search for signatures of inhomogeneous field screening. Using a generalized London expression with a recently proposed empirical model for depth-dependent magnetic penetration lengths λ(z), we obtain improved fits to the Meissner data, revealing that the presence of a non-superconducting surface “dead layer” d ≳ 25 nm is a strong indicator of a reduced supercurrent density at shallow subsurface depths. Our analysis supports the notion that vacuum annealing at 120 °C for 48 h induces a depth-dependent Meissner response, which has consequences for Nb’s ability to maintain a magnetic-flux-free state. Evidence of similar behavior from a “nitrogen infusion” treatment is less compelling. Suggestions for further investigation into the matter are provided.
Mode conversion via reflected stepped phase plate in relativistic systems
Authors: Xie Xinyu , Wang Wenpeng , Zhang Hao , Yu Tongpu , Ma Huiting , Liu Chang , Sun Fengyu , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan
Published: September 2024

The mode conversion efficiency (CE) of the relativistic Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser is researched in detail within the context of current petawatt laser facilities. The topological charge, radial integer, laser central wavelength, laser bandwidth, and the design of reflective phase plate are integrated into a unified equation in theory. It is found that the vortex laser mode can be expanded as a series of LG modes, with calculations indicating that the LG10 mode predominates, constituting ∼78% of the total mode distribution. Our analysis reveals that mode CE tends toward a saturation value as the number of steps of the reflective phase plate increases. The 32-step phase plate utilized in relativistic systems is fine enough to obtain a higher CE for LG10 mode lasers, which is also verified in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. This research holds promise for optimizing the design of reflective phase plates to enhance the conversion efficiency of intense LG lasers, thereby facilitating broader applications in intense vortex laser technologies.
Estimating net energy requirements of male Djallonke sheep
Authors: Oualyou Ouermi , Gnanda Isidore B. , Zampaligre Nouhoun , Kere Michel , Traore Kadiatou , Yoda Gildas L. M. , Bougouma-Yameogo V. M. C. , Balehegn Mulubran , Adesogan Adegbola , Kebreab Ermias
Published: September 2024

Context Energy requirements in sheep can vary significantly due to various factors, including age, breed, sex and environmental conditions. Genetic selection and crossbreeding further contribute to this variability. Although guidelines from the US and UK national research councils are commonly used for formulating sheep diets, they may not adequately account for the unique characteristics of sheep in Africa. Aims The study aimed to estimate the net maintenance energy requirement of male Djallonke sheep. This estimation will provide a basis for comparing the energy requirements of Djallonke sheep with national recommendations and recent estimates for other sheep breeds. Methods Sixteen entire male Djallonke sheep were selected and grouped by weight. They were then randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The sheep were fed to achieve intake levels ranging from 1 to 1.75 multiples of their maintenance energy requirement. Gas exchange data were collected using the GreenFeed system over a 3-day period at the conclusion of each treatment period. Heat production was calculated using the established Brouwer’s equation. A linear regression equation was developed to relate heat production to metabolisable energy intake scaled by metabolic bodyweight to calculate the net energy for maintenance. Key results The estimated net energy for maintenance for male Djallonke sheep was determined to be 0.354 MJ/kg BW0.75. This estimation indicated that the energy requirements of male Djallonke sheep exceeded the recommendations provided by the US National Research Council and the UK Agricultural and Food Research Council. However, it closely aligned with an updated estimate of 0.358 MJ/kg BW0.75. Conclusions Based on the study’s findings, male Djallonke sheep have higher energy requirements for maintenance than what is commonly recommended by existing guidelines. Therefore, it is advisable to update ration formulation software for male Djallonke sheep to better reflect their actual energy requirements for maintenance. Implications These results have practical implications for the formulation of diets and feeding management practices for male Djallonke sheep. Adhering to updated energy requirement estimates can help improve the efficiency and productivity of sheep production in the context of Djallonke sheep farming.
Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM
2.5
and mortality in the contiguous United States
Authors: Ma Yiqun , Zang Emma , Liu Yang , Wei Jing , Lu Yuan , Krumholz Harlan M. , Bell Michelle L. , Chen Kai
Published: September 2024

Despite the substantial evidence on the health effects of short-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM
2.5
), including increasing studies focusing on those from wildland fire smoke, the impacts of long-term wildland fire smoke PM
2.5
exposure remain unclear. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM
2.5
and nonaccidental mortality and mortality from a wide range of specific causes in all 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States, 2007 to 2020. Controlling for nonsmoke PM
2.5
, air temperature, and unmeasured spatial and temporal confounders, we found a nonlinear association between 12-mo moving average concentration of smoke PM
2.5
and monthly nonaccidental mortality rate. Relative to a month with the long-term smoke PM
2.5
exposure below 0.1 μg/m
3
, nonaccidental mortality increased by 0.16 to 0.63 and 2.11 deaths per 100,000 people per month when the 12-mo moving average of PM
2.5
concentration was of 0.1 to 5 and 5+ μg/m
3
, respectively. Cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, digestive, endocrine, diabetes, mental, and chronic kidney disease mortality were all found to be associated with long-term wildland fire smoke PM
2.5
exposure. Smoke PM
2.5
contributed to approximately 11,415 nonaccidental deaths/y (95% CI: 6,754, 16,075) in the contiguous United States. Higher smoke PM
2.5
-related increases in mortality rates were found for people aged 65 and above. Positive interaction effects with extreme heat were also observed. Our study identified the detrimental effects of long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM
2.5
on a wide range of mortality outcomes, underscoring the need for public health actions and communications that span the health risks of both short- and long-term exposure.
‘These results are inconsistent’
Authors: Casal J. Elliott , Zhang Genggeng , Matouq Ghadi , Alqabba Hana
Published: September 2024

Shell nouns (SNs; e.g., fact and problem) are an open group of abstract nouns defined
functionally through use as emergent ‘shells’ referencing and labeling ideas in surrounding discourse. This paper analyzes the
‘this/these + [SN]’ pattern in second language (L2) English Master’s theses and published English research articles (RAs)
across three Engineering disciplines (Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical), with a secondary focus on unattended ‘this/these’
use and disciplinary variation. The corpus includes 60 RAs per discipline (840,683 words) and 25 Master’s theses per discipline (899,182
words). Corpus methods were used to support manual identification of ‘this/these + [SN]’. Results show that L2 English
Master’s thesis writers used this pattern significantly less than writers of RAs. Normalized frequencies, frequent SNs, and functional
patterns are also presented across genres and disciplines. L2 writers and experts use a similar range of SN types, and expert writers adopt
a more rhetorically sophisticated means of organizing information.
‘Dear guest, pay for your language’. How accommodation rating and ownership effect language presence
on the Online Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Bruyèl-Olmedo Antonio
Published: September 2024

The present paper draws on the concept of Online Linguistic Landscape (Kallen,
Ní Dhonnacha & Wade, 2020) to explore code preference on hospitality websites at international tourist
destinations. The analysis of a purpose-made database comprising the websites of all 254 accommodation establishments in Palma
(Mallorca, Spain) reveals that although major tourist markets condition code presence on websites, the wide array of languages
displayed does not correspond to the narrower catalogue of visiting nationalities. Beyond the strictly informative, websites have
become effective promotion and sales tools, and marketability derived from vogue associations may mean that a language is listed
on a website, even when other, more frequent guest languages are not. The scant online presence of Catalan, the autochthonous
language of Mallorca, illustrates how, in mass tourism environments, minority languages are at the crossroads of succumbing to the
demands of the market or submitting to processes of commodification of uncertain outcome.
Studies on drug delivery from dissolving microneedle and its uptake in tissue
Authors: Mondal Sumana , Mandal Prashanta Kumar
Published: September 2024

In this study, a mathematical model for transdermal drug administration using a dissolving conical microneedle (MN) is developed. The drug is absorbed in the blood compartment after passing through the skin’s viable epidermis. Reversible reaction kinetics then allow the drug to enter the tissue compartment. An unsteady reaction equation is used to predict the drug’s distribution into the skin following MN’s dissolution. An unsteady reaction mechanism is used to determine the concentrations in the blood and tissue compartments. Using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, the governing equations with their initial conditions are solved numerically. The MN is expected to dissolve completely in 108.1 s, according to the predicted results, while the concentration in the skin peaks at 94.4 s. The concentrations in the tissue and blood compartments, however, reach their respective maximal amounts later on. In this investigation, the impacts of the drug’s mass fraction, volume fraction, and penetration rate cannot be completely ruled out. A thorough sensitivity analysis has been carried out for some of the parameters involved. Our findings closely align with the findings reported in the literature.