bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A classic key innovation constrains oral jaw functional diversification in fishes
Authors: Roberts-Hugghis Alexus S , Martinez Christopher M , Corn Katherine A , Wainwright Peter C
Published: October 2024

Modifications to the pharyngeal jaws—a prey processing system located posterior to the mouth cavity—are widely considered a key innovation that enhanced diversification within several prominent fish clades. Seen in cichlids, damselfishes, wrasses, and a few other lineages, these musculoskeletal alterations are believed to increase the evolutionary independence and, thus, the diversification of the oral and pharyngeal jaw systems. To test this classic hypothesis, we conducted comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the effect of the pharyngeal novelty on the diversification of feeding morphology and kinematics across a taxonomically diverse sample of spiny-rayed fishes. We quantified movements of the oral jaws and other craniofacial structures from 689 suction-feeding strikes using high-speed videos collected from 228 species with and without the pharyngeal jaw novelty. Contradicting long-held predictions, we find significantly greater disparity across all traits and faster rates of oral jaw functional evolution in fishes without the specialized prey processing system. The modified pharyngeal jaw is undoubtedly a functional innovation as it enhances the strength of the prey processing system, facilitating exceptional transition rates to feeding on hard and tough prey. However, it also restricts the diversification of the feeding system, revealing that the impact of pharyngognathy is more nuanced than previously thought. In light of these and other recent findings, a reinterpretation of the macroevolutionary consequences of the pharyngeal jaw novelty is needed.
Sequence-Based Machine Learning Reveals 3D Genome Differences between Bonobos and Chimpanzees
Authors: Brand Colin M , Kuang Shuzhen , Gilbertson Erin N , McArthur Evonne , Pollard Katherine S , Webster Timothy H , Capra John A
Published: October 2024

The 3D structure of the genome is an important mediator of gene expression. As phenotypic divergence is largely driven by gene regulatory variation, comparing genome 3D contacts across species can further understanding of the molecular basis of species differences. However, while experimental data on genome 3D contacts in humans are increasingly abundant, only a handful of 3D genome contact maps exist for other species. Here, we demonstrate that human experimental data can be used to close this data gap. We apply a machine learning model that predicts 3D genome contacts from DNA sequence to the genomes from 56 bonobos and chimpanzees and identify species-specific patterns of genome folding. We estimated 3D divergence between individuals from the resulting contact maps in 4,420 1 Mb genomic windows, of which ∼17% were substantially divergent in predicted genome contacts. Bonobos and chimpanzees diverged at 89 windows, overlapping genes associated with multiple traits implicated in Pan phenotypic divergence. We discovered 51 bonobo-specific variants that individually produce the observed bonobo contact pattern in bonobo–chimpanzee divergent windows. Our results demonstrate that machine learning methods can leverage human data to fill in data gaps across species, offering the first look at population-level 3D genome variation in nonhuman primates. We also identify loci where changes in 3D folding may contribute to phenotypic differences in our closest living relatives.
Location of polyadenylation sites within 3′ untranslated regions is linked to biological function in yeast
Authors: Geisberg Joseph V , Moqtaderi Zarmik , Struhl Kevin
Published: October 2024

Expression of a typical yeast gene results in ∼50 3′ mRNA isoforms that are distinguished by the locations of poly(A) sites within the 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs). The location of poly(A) sites with respect to the translational termination codon varies considerably among genes, but whether this has any functional significance is poorly understood. Using hierarchical clustering of 3′ UTRs, we identify 8 classes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes based on their poly(A) site locations. Genes involved in related biological functions (GO categories) are uniquely overrepresented in 6 of these classes. Similar analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes reveals 3 classes of 3′ UTRs, all of which show overrepresentation of functionally related genes. Remarkably, Sa. cerevisiae and Sc. pombe homologs share related patterns of poly(A) site locations. These observations suggest that the location of poly(A) sites within 3′ UTRs has biological significance.
Hemagglutination-Inhibition Antibodies and Protection against Influenza Elicited by Inactivated and Live Attenuated Vaccines in Children
Authors: Yegorov Sergey , Brewer Angela , Cyr Louis , Ward Brian J , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Miller Matthew S , Loeb Mark
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemagglutinin (HA)-inhibiting antibodies contribute to the immune defense against influenza infection. However, there are insufficient data on the extent of correlation between vaccine-elicited HA antibodies and protection in children against different influenza strains, particularly when comparing live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) versus inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV).

Methods

We measured postvaccination hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers in 3–15-year-old participants of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of trivalent LAIV(3) versus IIV(3) in Canadian Hutterite colonies. We assessed HAI titers as predictors of symptomatic, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed influenza over 3 influenza seasons using Cox proportional hazards regression models with vaccine type as a covariate.

Results

For each log2 unit increase in postvaccination HAI against A/H1N1 in 2013–2014, A/H3N2 2014–2015, and B/Yamagata in 2013–2014 (each the predominant circulating strain for the respective influenza season), the reduction in the risk of confirmed influenza was equal to 29.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–39.5%), 34.8% (95% CI, 17.2%–47.9%), and 31.8% (95% CI, 23.8%–38.5%), respectively. No reduction in the risk of influenza was observed with B/Yamagata-specific HAI titers in 2012–2013, which was dominated by a mixture of Yamagata and Victoria strains. Despite the overall lower HAI titers in the LAIV3 group, both H1N1 and H3N2 HAI titers were associated with protection against subtype matched influenza.

Conclusions

Both LAIV3- and IIV3-elicited HA antibodies are associated with protection against influenza infection in seasons when the vaccine strains match the circulating influenza strain subtypes, supporting the use of HAI as a correlate of protection for both vaccine types in children.
Exploring the impact of fatty acid composition on carcass and meat quality in Bos taurus indicus influenced cattle
Authors: Rodriguez Eduardo E , Hamblen Heather , Leal-Gutierrez Joel D , Carr Charles , Scheffler Tracy , Scheffler Jason M , Mateescu Raluca G
Published: October 2024

The study of fatty acid (FA) and mineral content in beef is crucial for bridging health and taste. Understanding these components is essential for catering to consumer preferences for nutritious and tasty food, in line with current dietary trends and health recommendations. This holistic view of beef quality is key to helping both producers and consumers make more knowledgeable and health-oriented decisions in meat consumption. The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize the FA composition and mineral concentration of beef from Brangus cattle; 2) estimate their heritability; and 3) calculate the genetic and phenotypic correlations of carcass and meat quality traits to FA composition and mineral concentrations. Brangus steers were evaluated for meat quality and sampled for nutritional content measurements. Brangus cattle had palmitic acid levels as low as 21%, and stearic acid levels as high as 26%, which is notable since stearic acid is considered to have a neutral or potentially beneficial impact on cholesterol levels, unlike other saturated fats. Additionally, Brangus cattle had oleic acid levels as high as 53%, a beneficial monounsaturated fat, and linoleic acid concentrations as high as 12%, an essential omega-6 FA. Saturated FA showed weak negative correlations (−0.06 to −0.15) with hot carcass weight, marbling, and fat over ribeye, similar to polyunsaturated FA which had moderate negative correlations (−0.19 to −0.37) with these traits. Conversely, monounsaturated FA was positively correlated (0.16 to 0.34) with these traits, suggesting that higher levels of monounsaturated FA, particularly oleic acid, are associated with improved meat quality and consumer-desirable traits such as increased marbling. This relationship where higher marbling is linked with increased monounsaturated FA and decreased saturated FA is unique in Brangus cattle, differing from other breeds where increased intramuscular fat typically raises FA saturation levels. The variation in FA observed in Brangus cattle highlights the breed’s potential to provide nutritionally enriched beef. With selective breeding, it may be possible to improve both the nutritional value and marbling of the meat, meeting consumer demand for healthier, tastier options. Overall, the study underscores the intricate relationships between FA composition, mineral content, and meat quality, with implications for breeding and nutrition strategies aimed at improving meat quality and healthfulness.
Building bridges with the Pennsylvania State Police: A pilot assessment of a Law Enforcement Community Outreach Program
Authors: Kruis Nathan E , Lin Ziwei , Kinney Alexander B , Rowland Nicholas J
Published: October 2024

In 2021, the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) created and implemented the Building Bridges Community Outreach Program (BBCOP), which is a positive law enforcement-initiated non-enforcement contact intervention designed to educate the public and improve community relations. To date, there have been no empirical assessments of the influence that this program has had on public perceptions of police. The current study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by offering an assessment of BBCOP participants’ perceptions of the program, and their perceptions of police before and after participating in the program. Specifically, the current study uses a mixed-method analysis of matched (i.e. pre- and post-intervention) survey data (n = 106) collected from student participants of initial iterations of the PSP BBCOP intervention occurring between the end of January 2023 and the end of January 2024. Findings reveal that BBCOP participants overwhelmingly reported positive sentiments about their experiences with the program. Further, statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in perceptions of law enforcement effectiveness, procedural justice, and legitimacy following participation in the program. Implications based on these findings are discussed within.
Use of over-the-counter supplements, sleep aids and analgesic medicines in rheumatology: results of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Soomro Mehreen , Lyons Stephanie , Bravo Ramiro , McBeth John , Lunt Mark , Dixon William G , Jani Meghna
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances are common symptoms in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) that may prompt the use of over-the-counter (OTC) supplements, sleep aids and analgesics as self-management strategies. This study evaluated the prevalence of OTC supplements, sleep aids and pain relievers and the financial burden associated with their use in rheumatology.

Methods

A web-based survey developed with patients was administered in rheumatology clinics in an English hospital. Participants shared demographic information and detailed their use of OTC supplements, sleep aids and pain relief in the past week. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to identify influencing factors.

Results

A total of 876 people consented to participate in the survey. More than half of patients (54.5%) reported daily supplement intake, typically spending £10/month (interquartile range 5–20), ranging up to £200/month. The most commonly administered supplements were vitamin D, multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin B/B complex and omega-3/-6 supplements, with multiple overlaps. Prescription, OTC or non-prescription pain relief use was reported by 82% of respondents, with sleep aids being used by 13%. Of the 327 patients who took NSAIDs, 165 (50.4%) also reported taking OTC supplements, while among the 131 patients using opioids (20.5%), 66 (50.3%) reported supplement use, some of which have documented interactions.

Conclusion

The use of OTC supplements, pain relief and sleep aids is common in patients with RMDs. Healthcare professionals should be encouraged to proactively ask about these during consultations, especially from a drug safety perspective, but also to provide timely, reliable advice about such strategies that may be sought by patients.
10Plant Theory
Authors: Roy Sumana
Published: October 2024

Over a hundred years after the publication of the scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose’s 1922 Abyakta, a book of essays in Bangla where he writes about his experiments on plant life, the response of plants to external stimuli, particularly electrical energy, a nervous system in plants, and his work towards revealing what he calls ‘torulipi’, a plant script, so as to be able to prove that plants were indeed living beings, scientists are now proving many of the Indian scientist’s findings. Simultaneous with this has been a public enthusiasm for the work of writers and artists that feature speculation over, and the subsequent creation of, a plant script. This review of works published in 2023 considers two key publications that illuminate the prescience of Bose’s thought for the contemporary investment in the plant humanities: Katie Holten’s edited anthology The Language of Trees and the spring 2023 special issue of Orion on ‘The Language of Nature’. This review therefore focuses on literature about the plant script while also recording and contextualizing the zeitgeist that compels and indulges such an imagining.
Do Not Forget the Spine MRI in Children With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: High Prevalence of Tethered Spinal Cord and Preliminary Clinical Findings Following Detethering
Authors: Nugraha Hans K. , Hariharan Arun R. , Huser Aaron J. , Feldman David S. , Asadi-Moghaddam Kaveh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) encompasses congenital conditions with joint contractures in 2 or more joints. Patients with AMC may have scoliosis and neural axis malformations. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of tethered spinal cord (TSC), characterized by a low-lying conus medullaris, and secondarily, present preliminary findings following surgical untethering in children with AMC.

Methods:

Patients 18 years of age and younger with a diagnosis of AMC and a spine MRI were identified. The presence of a TSC was defined as a low-lying conus with termination at or below the lower third of the L2 vertebral body. A pediatric neurosurgeon and a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon independently reviewed MRIs. The medical records of patients with AMC who underwent untethering were examined to evaluate preoperative and postoperative clinical findings. The prevalence of TSC in our AMC patients was compared with published normative data using χ2 analysis.

Results:

Forty-two of 105 AMC patients (40%) had TSCs. There was a greater percentage of patients with AMC and a TSC compared with the unaffected population (P<0.0001). Sixteen patients underwent detethering through filum terminale sectioning. Nine patients had preoperative neurological deficits in addition to their AMC. There were no postoperative complications. All patients had improvement in their bowel and bladder symptoms within 3 months after their detethering procedure.

Conclusions:

TSC is more prevalent in the pediatric population with AMC compared with those without AMC. MRI is recommended for all patients with AMC due to its high prevalence. Although not a benign procedure, surgical detethering may have potential benefits for children with AMC.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—therapeutic study.
Macular hole associated Retinal Detachment in presumed Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy (ARB)– A retrospective observational series of two cases
Authors: Kannan Naresh Babu , Vallinayagam Muthukrishnan , Goswami Ananya , Dara Reshma
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Surgical outcome of presumed Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy (ARB)with full thickness macular hole and retinal detachment managed by pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:

A retrospective observational case series of two eyes of two patients who underwent 25 G pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of internal limiting membrane and SF6 tamponade and were assessed with respect to best corrected visual acuity, fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:

Type 1 closure of macular hole was achieved along with resolution of retinal detachment in both patients.

Conclusion:

25 G pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of internal limiting membrane and SF6 tamponade can result in favorable outcome in macular hole associated retinal detachment in patients with presumed Autosomal recessive Bestrophinopathy.
Prospective In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Central Cornea in Terrien Marginal Degeneration
Authors: Ruutila Minna , Immonen Annamari T. , Turunen Joni A. , Fagerholm Per , Lagali Neil , Hjortdal Jesper , Bram Thue , Krootila Kari , Moilanen Jukka , Kivelä Tero T.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To analyze central corneal in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in Terrien marginal degeneration (TMD).

Methods:

An observational prospective case–control study. Ten Finnish patients with TMD from a tertiary referral center were compared with 10 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Seven patients had bilateral TMD. Age, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, extent of thinning in clock hours, grade of microdots, and stage of TMD were analyzed.

Results:

According to Süveges and Wang classification, the median stage of TMD was 2 (range, 2–3) and 2 (range, 2–6), respectively. Twelve (71%) of 17 eyes with clinical TMD showed corneal thinning at all clock hours. The median age at the time of examination was 70 years (range, 28–81), and the median time from diagnosis 8.8 years (range, 6.0–15.2). By IVCM, the epithelium, subepithelial nerve plexus, and endothelium were intact in all eyes. The anterior stroma showed bilateral hyperreflective dots in the central cornea beneath the subepithelial nerve plexus in all eyes, and larger patches were detected in the posterior stroma anterior to Descemet membrane; both were invisible by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. As compared with controls, the grade of anterior microdots increased faster with age before the age of 65, and that of posterior stromal patches was higher. Two patients additionally had bilateral hyperreflective needle-like deposits in the anterior and midstroma.

Conclusions:

By IVCM, TMD is characterized regardless of clinical laterality by bilateral microdots in the central corneal stroma. They might be a supporting diagnostic criterion and alone could suggest subclinical disease.
Lymphatic Channel Distribution in Comparison With Blood Vessels in the Upper Eyelid
Authors: Kakizaki Hirohiko , Ambat Jose Miguel , Teope Jonnah Kristina , Naito Munekazu , Takahashi Yasuhiro
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To examine microscopically the distribution of the lymphatic channels in comparison with the blood vessels in the upper eyelid.

Methods:

Central sagittal sections of 13 upper eyelids (8 right, 5 left) from 11 Japanese cadavers, aged 36 to 87 years old (average age: 66.6 years), were histologically examined. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. Staining with D2-40 for lymphatic channels and with the antibody for α-smooth muscle actin for blood vessels was utilized.

Results:

The lymphatic channels were mainly distributed superficially, just under the skin, but the blood vessels were situated deeper, and diffusely spread throughout the upper eyelid.

Conclusion:

The positional predispositions of the lymphatic channels and the blood vessels were different. The former is mainly superficial and the latter is deeper and diffuse.
Therapeutic agents for the treatment of human mpox
Authors: Braddick Maxwell , Singh Kasha Priya
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of therapeutic options for mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in the context of recent outbreaks and the ongoing evolution of the virus.

Recent findings

Multiple therapeutic agents, including tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir, and vaccinia immune globulin, have been used during the multicountry outbreak of mpox caused by Clade 2b monkeypox virus that began in 2022. Tecovirimat has been most extensively used, based on efficacy against mpox lethal challenge in animal models, and human safety data. Real-world observational evidence has further supported safety with minimal adverse events in large cohorts and mixed reports of reductions in time to lesion resolution. Several prospective randomized controlled trials using tecovirimat are underway with headline results from a study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo showing no difference in lesion resolution compared to placebo. Other studies including in outpatient settings are underway in Europe and the Americas. Cidofovir and brincidofovir, limited by adverse event profiles, have been less extensively studied. Vaccinia immune globulin has been used predominantly in salvage therapy for severe mpox, with no large observational series available.

The 2022 multicountry outbreak of mpox marked a public health emergency. Agents approved for smallpox management were widely used for mpox, supported by animal and in-vitro evidence, and human safety data. The large number of human cases has allowed retrospective observational study of these agents and facilitated recruitment in prospective trials. The ongoing evolution of the virus may pose challenges for therapeutic interventions, necessitating rigorous randomized controlled trials to guide clinical use.
Nasoalveolar Molding in Lately Presented Moderate to Severe Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants: Does it Add?
Authors: Gomaa Zeid Mohammed A. , Abdel Gawad Ebrahim M.A. , Ghanem Mohamed A.M. , AbdelRahman Noha I. , Reda Mabrouk Amr A.E.W.
Published: October 2024

Alignment of the alveolar segments with early nasal cartilage tackling is the foundation upon which excellent surgical results are dependent. The purpose is to evaluate the short-term effect of triple combination of passive alveolar molding with early nasal molding augmented by controlled corrective power of lip tapping in lately presented moderate to severe unilateral complete cleft lip and palate infants. A prospective case series study was conducted in Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ain Shams University in collaboration with Orthodontics Department, from January 2021 till June 2023, 15 infants elder than 2 months till 6 months were enrolled in the study. Eight nasal anthropometric measurements ratios through 2-dimension assessment and 4 maxillary arch measurements ratios through 3-dimension assessment were recorded. Extraoral results revealed clinically and statistically decrease of nasal width, alar base width, alar base height ratios, and columellar angle, while increase of nasal height, nasal dome height, columellar length, and alar projection length ratios. Intraoral results revealed clinically and statistically decrease in cleft width with maintained posterior arch width and intercanine width. In conclusion, this triple combination helped in presurgical lessening the alveolar and nasal deformity of such elder infants in a shorter time in comparison with other conventional methods with lesser number of appointments decreasing burden of care to their families improving their compliance.
Growth Dynamic of the Dorsum Sellae in Fetuses
Authors: Şencan Zeynep , İnce Rümeysa , Çalişir Ebru Sena , Öztürk Cansu , Cihan Ömer Faruk , Beger Orhan
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To determine the dimension of the dorsum sellae (DS) in fetuses.

Methods:

Skull bases of 32 fetuses aged from 17 to 32 weeks were included in the work. The length of the DS at its superior border (DSL-SB) and the thickness of DS at its middle part (DST-ML) were measured. In addition, DS’s height at its right lateral margin (DSH-RLB), at its left lateral margin (DSH-LLB), and at its middle part (DSH-ML) were measured.

Results:

DSL-SB, DSH-RLB, DSH-LLB, DSH-ML, and DST-ML were measured as 8.42±1.89, 2.67±0.68, 2.73±0.68, 2.48±0.75, and 2.00±0.50 mm, respectively. All parameters were statistically similar for both sexes (P>0.05). All parameters increased with advancing gestational weeks (P<0.001). Linear functions were calculated for DSL-SB (y=− 1.756 + 0.426 × age), DSH-RLB (y=− 1.072 + 0.156 × age), DSH-LLB (y=− 0.851 + 0.150 × age), DSH-ML (y=− 1.687 + 0.174 × age), and DST-ML (y=− 0.473 + 0.103 × age).

Conclusion:

In fetuses, DS size grows with age. The linear functions regarding DS-related parameters may be used to estimate its size.
An effective criterion for a stable factorisation of strictly non-singular 2 × 2 matrix functions: use of the ExactMPF package
Authors: Adukova N. V. , Adukov V. M. , Mishuris G.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a method to factorise arbitrary strictly non-singular

2
×
2

matrix functions, allowing for stable factorisation. For this purpose, we use the

E
x
a
c
t
M
P
F

package working within the Maple environment previously developed by the authors and perform an
exact
factorisation of a non-singular polynomial matrix function. A crucial point in the present analysis is the evaluation of a stability region of the canonical factorisation of the polynomial matrix functions. This, in turn, allows us to propose a sufficient condition for the given matrix function admitting stable factorisation.
Variation in season length and development time is sufficient to drive the emergence and coexistence of social and solitary behavioural strategies
Authors: Ruttenberg Dee M. , Levin Simon A. , Wingreen Ned S. , Kocher Sarah D.
Published: October 2024

Season length and its associated variables can influence the expression of social behaviours, including the occurrence of eusociality in insects. Eusociality can vary widely across environmental gradients, both within and between different species. Numerous theoretical models have been developed to examine the life history traits that underlie the emergence and maintenance of eusociality, yet the impact of seasonality on this process is largely uncharacterized. Here, we present a theoretical model that incorporates season length and offspring development time into a single, individual-focused model to examine how these factors can shape the costs and benefits of social living. We find that longer season lengths and faster brood development times are sufficient to favour the emergence and maintenance of a social strategy, while shorter seasons favour a solitary one. We also identify a range of season lengths where social and solitary strategies can coexist. Moreover, our theoretical predictions are well matched to the natural history and behaviour of two flexibly eusocial bee species, suggesting that our model can make realistic predictions about the evolution of different social strategies. Broadly, this work reveals the crucial role that environmental conditions can have in shaping social behaviour and its evolution and it underscores the need for further models that explicitly incorporate such variation to study the evolutionary trajectories of eusociality.
Ecological principles for the evolution of communication in collective systems
Authors: Staps Merlijn , Tarnita Corina E. , Kawakatsu Mari
Published: October 2024

Communication allows members of a collective to share information about their environment. Advanced collective systems, such as multicellular organisms and social insect colonies, vary in whether they use communication at all and, if they do, in what types of signals they use, but the origins of these differences are poorly understood. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to investigate the evolution and diversity of communication strategies under collective-level selection. We find that whether communication can evolve depends on a collective’s external environment: communication only evolves in sufficiently stable environments, where the costs of sensing are high enough to disfavour independent sensing but not so high that the optimal strategy is to ignore the environment altogether. Moreover, we find that the evolution of diverse signalling strategies—including those relying on prolonged signalling (e.g. honeybee waggle dance), persistence of signals in the environment (e.g. ant trail pheromones) and brief but frequent communicative interactions (e.g. ant antennal contacts)—can be explained theoretically in terms of the interplay between the demands of the environment and internal constraints on the signal. Altogether, we provide a general framework for comparing communication strategies found in nature and uncover simple ecological principles that may contribute to their diversity.
C. elegansbehavior, fitness, and lifespan, are modulated by AWB/ASH-dependent death perception
Authors: Hernandez-Lima Mirella A. , Seo Brian , Urban Nicholas D. , Truttmann Matthias C.
Published: October 2024

The ability of the nervous system to initiate intricate goal-directed behaviors in response to environmental stimuli is essential for metazoan survival. In this study, we demonstrate that the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansperceives and reacts to dead conspecifics. The exposure toC. eleganscorpses as well as corpse lysates activates sensory neurons AWB and ASH, triggering a glutamate-and acetylcholine-dependent signaling cascade that regulates both immediate (aversion) and long-term (survival) responses to the presence of a death signature. We identify increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cysteine concentrations as chemical fingerprints for the presence of metazoan corpses and show that death cue sensing by AWB and ASH leads to physiological changes which promote reproduction at the expense of lifespan. Our findings illuminate a novel signaling paradigm that allows organisms to detect and interpret the environmental enrichment of intracellular metabolites as a death cue.
Structural insights and rational design ofPseudomonas putidaKT2440 Omega transaminases for enhanced biotransformation of (R)-Phenylacetylcarbinol to (1R, 2S)-Norephedrine
Authors: Das Parijat , Noronha Santosh , Bhaumik Prasenjit
Published: October 2024

Omega transaminases (ω-TAs) can mediate the chiral amination of several unnatural substrates without the requirement of an α-COOH group, and are highly relevant in the production of several pharmaceutical intermediates of commercial interest. Development of better variants of ω-TAs are hence essential for their industrial uses. We have studied the active site architecture of the wild-type ω-TAs, to develop engineered enzymes for enhancing the biotransformation of (R)-Phenylacetylcarbinol to (1R, 2S)-Norephedrine. Two such ω-TAs (TA_5182 and TA_2799) fromP. putidaKT2440 strain were overexpressed and purified as recombinant proteins. Crystal structures of TA_5182 were solved in two conformations, and significant movements of two highly flexible loops were observed in these different states. The TA_2799 structure was determined in the co-factor bound state with a PLP molecule covalently bonded to the catalytic K286 as an internal aldimine. Enzyme assays indicated that TA_2799 required significantly higher concentrations of co-factor than TA_5182 to achieve satisfactory biotransformation of (R)-PAC. A key mutation of L322F in TA_2799 drastically reduced the co-factor dependency of the TA_2799_L322F mutant enzyme, and the mutant remained active for 96h at 30°C. The crystal structure of the mutant enzyme revealed an asparagine residue that mediates a hydrogen bonding network at the dimeric interface of the enzyme and is absent in TA_5182. The TA_5182_G119N mutant also showed enhanced co-factor affinity. The results of our studies will help generatePseudomonadω-TAs and ω-TAs from other organisms with high efficiency for asymmetric synthesis, to be used in host systems for optimal large-scale industrial biotransformation.
Within-ejaculate haploid selection reduces disease biomarkers in human sperm
Authors: Marcu Daniel , Cohen-Krais Jayme , Godden Alice , Alavioon Ghazal , Martins Carlo , Almstrup Kristian , Saalbach Gerhard , Immler Simone
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH

Males produce millions of sperm in a single ejaculate, but only a single sperm fertilises the egg. Fertilisation is the perfect opportunity for natural selection where sperm of poor quality are eliminated, and the fittest sperm sire the offspring. However, the biomarkers of the fittest sperm are currently elusive. Here, we selected human sperm pools for fitness within ejaculates of healthy donors usingin vitroassays and identify phenotypic, genomic and proteomic biomarkers of fitter sperm. Fitter sperm showed prolonged motility and incrsed morphological normality and DNA condensation, and their genomes and proteomes differed from less fit sperm. The genes diverging between sperm pools are involved in neurodevelopmental processes, cell signalling and cell proliferation and are linked to heritable diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. The genomic signatures of haploid selection in human sperm strongly overlapped in function with the genomic signature in zebrafish sperm suggesting that the sperm functions under haploid selection are highly conserved. The five top peptides downregulated in fitter sperm across all donors are known markers for inflammation, immune function and cancer-related cell proliferation. Selecting for high-performance long-lived sperm prior to fertilisation may therefore help prevent ageing-related heritable diseases in the offspring later in life.
Scalable Extraction of Airway Mucins from Porcine Trachea
Authors: Yang Sydney , Engle Elizabeth M. , Boboltz Allison , Kumar Sahana , Stern Alexa , Duncan Gregg A.
Published: October 2024

Mucins are a major component of the innate defense system in the airways and their biological functions are important to consider in pulmonary disease research. However, the available mucus models for basic research relevant to the lung can be difficult to acquire in sufficient quantity to conduct such studies. Here, we present a new strategy to isolate airway mucins from pig trachea at the milligram to gram scale for use in pulmonary disease research. Using this protocol, we were able to isolate mucins with minimal DNA contamination consisting of ∼70% by weight protein. Compared to porcine gastric mucins extracted with the same procedure, the porcine tracheal extract possessed significantly greater O-linked glycoprotein (mucin) content. Particle tracking microrheology was used to evaluate the biophysical properties of porcine trachea mucins. We found porcine tracheal mucins formed a much tighter mesh network and possessed a significantly greater microviscosity compared to lab extracted porcine gastric mucins. In comparison to mucus harvested from human airway tissue cultures, we found porcine tracheal mucins also possessed a greater microviscosity suggesting these mucins can form into a gel-like material at physiological total solids concentrations. These studies establish an accessible means to isolate airway mucins from porcine trachea at large scale for use in pulmonary disease research.
Investigating the determinants of user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information: a DEMATEL-ISM model approach
Authors: Bi Chongwu , Yao Lishuang , Jin Yan , Sun Zhuo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information, thereby contributing to the understanding of users' information decision-making and adoption processes within intricate information environments. Furthermore, this research endeavors to offer guidance for mitigating the adverse effects of contradictory health information on users' cognitive perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this study used literature coding to identify factors that influence user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information. Secondly, we utilized the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to unveil the key influencing factors based on centrality and causality. Lastly, utilizing the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM), we constructed the multilevel hierarchical structure model of influencing factors to delineate the relationships among factors across different levels.

Findings

The key causal factors influencing user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information include user basic characteristics, experience accumulation, and information type. The key result factors consist of psychological emotion, perceived trade-offs, and the source credibility. The significant elements include users' psychological emotions, perceived trade-offs, emotional support, source credibility, and informational support. Furthermore, user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information is a manifestation of the interplay among surface-level, mid-level, and deep-level factors.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this paper enriches the existing relevant theoretical framework and offers a novel perspective for further investigation into user adoption behavior concerning conflicting health information. Practically, this study extracts factors that can influence user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information which is an essential reference value for guiding and optimizing user adoption behavior.

Originality/value

This paper expands the system of factors influencing user adoption behavior in the context of conflicting health information from individual, information and social perspectives. Utilizing DEMATEL quantitative analysis and ISM multilevel hierarchical models, this research examines and illustrates the significance of the influencing factors and their interrelationships.
Journey of financial inclusion: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework for future research
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Ahuja Anjali
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This article provides a systematic literature review on financial inclusion, offering a comprehensive overview of research publications. It also develops a conceptual framework to outline future research objectives, enhancing understanding and identifying key areas for further investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

The data extraction concentrates on facts and figures about financial inclusion from 2005 to 2024. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the study reviews and synthesizes insights from 115 pertinent articles published in 77 high-ranked journals, indexed across three academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC).

Findings

Previous research on financial inclusion demonstrates that out of 115 articles, 50 were published between 2020 and 2024 and 43 between 2015 and 2019. This indicates the increasing trend of research on financial inclusion. Another interesting point is that researchers mostly use regression techniques to analyze the relationship between variables. Notably, reviewing the selected literature is valuable for researchers and practitioners interested in financial inclusion. It synthesizes the existing knowledge on the topic, identifies research gaps and suggests a conceptual framework to direct future studies.

Originality/value

This unique study contributes original value to the financial inclusion literature through a systematic literature review. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, it presents a novel framework that offers new perspectives and highlights areas for future research, advancing the understanding of financial inclusion.
The future of live-streaming commerce: understanding the role of AI-powered virtual streamers
Authors: Xu Bin , Dastane Omkar , Aw Eugene Cheng-Xi , Jha Suchita
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual streamers can supercharge brands in live-streaming virtual commerce (v-commerce). Built upon social identity theory (SIT) and experiential value theory, we developed a framework to investigate the impact of AI-powered virtual streamers’ personalization and human-like personalities and live-streaming v-commerce’s system quality and content quality on brand image, mediated by parasocial interaction and experiential value.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was designed and distributed to the target respondents via social media channels. SmartPLS version 4.0.9.4 was used to analyze a total of 354 responses after the data were obtained via purposive sampling.

Findings

The results show that personalization, human-like personality, system quality and content quality are positively associated with parasocial interaction and experiential value, which subsequently impact brand image.

Originality/value

This study addresses the gap of relatively sparse academic literature on the implications of AI-powered virtual streamers in live-streaming v-commerce on brand image.
Revitalising a fading oral culture through innovative animation production: an experiment with Bodo oral narratives
Authors: Rai Subash , Padun Abhijit , Roy Susmita
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to explore animation as a medium to revive the oral narrative of the Bodo community. The Bodo oral narratives are crucial for preserving the tribe's traditional values, but modernization is endangering their oral tradition. Transmitting folk culture to youth is crucial for its continuity and knowledge retention. The objective of the study was to examine the use of animation design approach for the transmission of oral narratives to the young generation.

Design/methodology/approach

This design exploration involves a case study, field visit, user study, expert interaction for authentication and questionnaire-based survey. The approach integrates the animation design process with a popular myth of the Bodo tribe's musical instrument, Serja. This exploration seeks to visually present a reliable version of the story based on expert advice and published articles using instructional animation technique.

Findings

The positive response in the user survey suggests that the animation design exploration effectively represented the traditional and cultural aspects of the Bodo community. Feedback and comments from the participants have confirmed that animation can enhance the storytelling experience by effectively communicating oral stories.

Research limitations/implications

The exploration in this research tries to establish a visual representation of the oral narratives of the Bodo community for the younger generation.

Practical implications

The exploration in this research tries to establish a visual representation of the oral narratives of the Bodo community for the younger generation.

Social implications

By using the digital medium, indigenous communities can sustain a long-lasting legacy of their oral stories.

Originality/value

The paper acknowledges the authentic essence of Bodo culture, rooted in their oral stories. Furthermore, it effectively captured and conveyed this essence using an animation design approach.
Challenges and opportunities in sensor-based fall prevention for older adults: a bibliometric review
Authors: Azizan Azliyana
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This bibliometric review examines the recent literature on sensor-based fall prevention for older adults. It analyzes publication trends, key researchers and institutions, major research themes, as well as gaps and opportunities in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases for publications from 1990 to 2024. Bibliometric indicators including publication output, citation analysis and co-occurrence of keywords were used to map the research landscape. Network visualizations were employed to identify key thematic clusters.

Findings

The research on sensor-based fall prevention has grown rapidly, peaking in 2019. The USA, Australia and Canada lead this work, with universities and hospitals collaborating globally. Key themes include fall epidemiology, wearable sensors and AI for fall detection. Opportunities exist to better implement these sensor systems through large trials, user-centered design, hybrid sensors and advanced analytics.

Research limitations/implications

While comprehensive, the analysis focused primarily on publications indexed in Scopus and WoS, which may not capture all relevant literature. Future studies could expand the search to include other databases and conduct deeper analyses of highly influential studies.

Practical implications

The review provides an evidence-informed roadmap to accelerate the translation of sensor innovations into scalable and sustainable fall prevention practices for vulnerable older adult populations.

Originality/value

This is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the research landscape of sensor-based fall prevention, identifying key trends, themes and opportunities to advance this critical domain addressing a major global public health challenge.
The effects of candidates’ negative attitudes toward cybervetting on organizational attractiveness: the role of gender
Authors: Boy Akdag Leyla , Tayfur Ekmekci Özge
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of candidates' perceptions of cybervetting – the evaluation of social media profiles by employers – on the perceived attractiveness and prestige of organizations and the role of gender as a moderator in these relationships. Three perceptions – perceived injustice, privacy invasion and surface validity – are used to evaluate candidates' attitudes about cybervetting.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample is comprised of third- and fourth-year undergraduate students at a university in Ankara, Türkiye. A survey technique was used to collect research data. The survey form was prepared on an online platform.

Findings

Survey results revealed that negative perceptions of cybervetting significantly affected perceived organizational attractiveness, prestige and intention to pursue the organization. Still, no significant difference was found between the women and men groups in this effect. Men candidates are more concerned about the validity and fairness of cybervetting.

Originality/value

The research's findings are anticipated to shed significant light on how cybervetting is conceptualized, specifically whether feelings of injustice, privacy invasion and validity constitute core components of cybervetting. Besides, the findings are expected to reveal whether candidates' attitudes toward cybervetting affect their perceptions regarding the general attractiveness and prestige of the organizations.