bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardisation and Validation of Acute and Chronic Administration Ketamine at Different Doses to Produce Psychosis Like Behavioural
Changes in Mice
Authors: Yadav Monu , Parle Milind , Sachdeva Mamta , Dhingra Sameer
Published: September 2017

Psychosis is a complex mental illness, characterised by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. NMDA receptor
antagonists have been established to induce behavioural as well as biochemical changes in rodents similar to psychotic
patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effective dose and treatment period of ketamine to induce
some behavioural changes. The results suggest that acute treatment of ketamine (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) induced
hyperlocomotor activity and reduced step down latency time in passive avoidance test, whereas in effective in forced swim
test. Further, with the chronic administration of ketamine (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) effective to produced hyperlocomotor
activity, reduced the step down latency time in passive avoidance test and enhanced the immobility duration in forced swim
test. Moreover, these behavioural changes persisted for 7 days after the treatment period. Thus, our findings suggest that
the chronic administration of Ketamine (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) potential to produce behavioural changes, would serve as
an effective tool to screen antipsychotic drugs.
Determination of Bioactive Chemical Composition of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Sinapis arvensis Using GC-MS Technique
Authors: Al-Rubaye Abeer Fauzi , Kadhim Mohanad Jawad , Hameed Imad Hadi
Published: September 2017

Plants play an important role in providing food for humans. Among plants economic significance medicinal and aromatic
plants which played a critical where it used as therapeutic agents to a long time. Thirty bioactive phytochemical
compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Sinapis arvensis: Erythritol , Nitro-2-propanol ,
Cyclopentanemethylamine ,2-isopropylidene-N,N,5-trimethyl, Furfural , 3-(1,3-Dihydroxyisopropyl)-1,5,8,11-
tetraoxacyclotridecane , 3-Azabutyl-1-ol,4-cyclopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-,bromide , 1-Butene , 4-isothiocyanato- , 2,4-
Difluorobenzene , 1-benzyloxy- , Eicosanoic acid , phenylmethyl ester , α-D-Glucopyranoside ,O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-
(1.fwdarw.3)-β- , Trigonelline , 4H-Pyran-4-one ,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl , Estragole , Pentanenitrile , 5-
(methylthio)- , 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural , Eugenol , Maltose , 2H-Thiopyran-3,5-diol ,tetrahydro-4-nitro-,monoacetate (
ester) , Tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile , 3,6-Diazahomoadamantan-9-one Hydrazone , 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-
triene-3,24,25-triol , (3β,5Z,7E)- , 13-Heptadecyn-1-ol , Tributyl acetylcitrate , E)-13-Docosenoic acid , Phthalic acid ,
decyl oct-3-yl ester , γ-Tocopherol , Desoxo-9x-hydroxy-7-ketoingol 3,8,9,12-tetraacetate , Campesterol , γ-Sitosterol ,
. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular
formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions.
Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in
the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity
Authors: T. Nurgozhin , H. Sergazy S. , G. Adilgozhina , A. Gulyayev , Z. Shulgau , G. Abuova , V. Tritek , A. Saparov
Published: September 2017

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the
experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon
grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of
Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior
to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological
examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of
polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of
polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4
dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum.
Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in
vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.
The Protective Efficacy of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Citronella Gras (Cymbopogon nardus) on Glucose Metabolism Alteration Induced By
Mercury in Rats
Authors: Alexandra Fransisca Diana , Mutiasari Dian , Lestarisa Trilianty , Suhartono Eko
Published: September 2017

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic citronella grass (C. nardus) leaves extract
against mercury (Hg) induced glucose metabolism alteration in rats. Four groups of rats were selected, with 6 rats for each
group. Animals of group I was received a 1 ppm of Hg only. Animals of groups II, III, and IV received a combination of
1 ppm Hg and plant extract in different dose (1650, 2520, and 3360 mg/ml). The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. The various
parameters studied included liver weight, liver glucose, glycogen, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in all groups after
treatment. The results of this present studies showed that the Hg-induced glucose metabolism alteration in rats which can
be seen from the increase of liver glucose and the decreasing of liver glycogen levels. The results also showed that the Hginduced
glucose metabolism alteration through its activities in the trigger the liver cells damage which can be seen from
the decreasing of liver weight and the increase of liver MDA level. The ethanolic of C. nardus leaves extract shows a
protective effect to maintain all parameters into a better a condition which can be seen from the significant increase in liver
weight and liver glycogen level, and the significant decrease in liver glucose and MDA levels. The present study indicated
that the ethanolic C. nardus leaves extract showed a potential protective effect on glucose metabolism alteration induced by Hg
Pullout performance of modified threads in glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites
Authors: Karaca Faruk
Published: September 2017

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials are widely used in novel industries. They are generally used in electrical environments due to their high thermal strength and mechanical resistance under present conditions with lower weight. In most of the applications, the GFRP is subjected to screwing for assembling. In this study, the pull-out strength performance of the screw was investigated in view of thread modification. In order to determine the optimum thread minor diameter, several pullout tests were performed. Therefore, the modified values showed significantly a better performance than standard values. This novel design was compared with numerical analyses in ANSYS and it was observed that numerical results had a good agreement with experimental results.
Recalculating the steady state conditions of the V-1000 zero-power facility at Kurchatov Institute using Monte Carlo and nodal diffusion codes
Authors: Sahlberg V.
Published: September 2017

Continuous-energy Monte Carlo reactor physics code Serpent 2 was used to model the critical steady state conditions measured in V-1000 zero-power critical facility at Kurchatov Institute (KI), Moscow in 1990–1992. The Serpent 2 results were compared to measurements and Serpent 2 was used to generate group constants for reactor dynamics code HEXTRAN. The results of a HEXTRAN calculation of the steady state were compared to Serpent 2. The relative power density distribution of the SERPENT2 calculations compared with the measurements was within the statistical accuracy. The comparison of HEXTRAN and Serpent 2 node-wise relative power density distributions showed an accuracy of ±10%.
Neutron balance as indicator of long-term resource availability in growing nuclear energy system
Authors: Blandinskiy V.
Published: September 2017

The article describes neutron balance in nuclear energy system as necessary but not sufficient indicator of long-term sustainability. Three models are introduced to evaluate neutron balance based on nuclide chain evolution and reaction rates comparison. The indicator introduced is used to compare several nuclear energy systems consisting of thermal, fast and molten salt reactors.
Start-up of a cold loop in a VVER-440, the 7th AER benchmark calculation with HEXTRAN-SMABRE-PORFLO
Authors: Hovi V. , Taivassalo V. , Hämäläinen A. , Räty H. , Syrjälahti E.
Published: September 2017

The 7th dynamic AER benchmark is the first in which three-dimensional thermal hydraulics codes are supposed to be applied. The aim is to get a more precise core inlet temperature profile than the sector temperatures available typically with system codes. The benchmark consists of a start-up of the sixth, isolated loop in a VVER-440 plant. The isolated loop initially contains cold water without boric acid and the start-up leads to a somewhat asymmetrical core power increase due to feedbacks in the core. In this study, the 7th AER benchmark is calculated with the three-dimensional nodal reactor dynamics code HEXTRAN-SMABRE coupled with the porous computational fluid dynamics code PORFLO. These three codes are developed at VTT. A novel two-way coupled simulation of the 7th AER benchmark was performed successfully demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of the new reactor analysis framework. The modelling issues for this benchmark are reported and some evaluation against the previously reported comparisons between the system codes is provided.
Experimental study of asymmetric boron dilution at VVER-1000 of Kudankulam NPP and its simulation
Authors: Tsyganov S. V. , Kotsarev A. V. , Baykov A. V.
Published: September 2017

The Kudankulam NPP units contain additional and unique for VVER Quick Boron Injection System (QBIS) for beyond-design-basis accident management without scram. During the physical start-up stage at hot zero power of both Kudankulam units, special tests were performed to assess the efficiency of the system. In the course of test three out of four QBIS tanks had been promptly opened and it led to the asymmetrical injection of boric acid into the core. The scenario of the tests may address to the inhomogeneous boron dilution process that is now an essential part of safety analysis of pressurised water reactors. The simulation of the process, including ex-core ion chambers readings, has been accomplished using ATHLET/BIPR-VVER code. Behaviour of some reactor parameters in the course of the test and some results of the simulation are discussing in the paper. Authors believe the process of the asymmetrical injection of boric acid may be useful for verification and validation of coupled neutronic and thermo-hydraulic codes widely used for safety analysis, including analysis of boron dilution accident.
Density and solidification shrinkage of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng , Li Shaobo
Published: September 2017

The relationship between the density and temperature in hypereutectic Al–Si alloys was measured in the temperature range from 800 K to (T
l + 30) K using the indirect Archimedean method. This method eliminates the effects of surface tension on the densities of salts and alloys and reduces the error in estimating the density and solidification shrinkage of Al–Si alloys. Eutectic LiCl–KCl salt was used as a reference liquid. The results indicate that the density vs. temperature curve has three transformation points: the liquidus temperature, eutectic transformation temperature and completely finished eutectic transformation temperature. The obtained densities of solid and liquid hypereutectic Al–Si alloys are in agreement with those reported in earlier investigations. The solidification shrinkage decreases from 2.5 % for the Al–Si alloy containing 15 % Si to −0.4 % for the alloy with 25 % Si.
Thermodynamic characterization of lithium monosilicide (LiSi) by means of calorimetry and DFT-calculations
Authors: Taubert Franziska , Schwalbe Sebastian , Seidel Jürgen , Hüttl Regina , Gruber Thomas , Janot Raphaël , Bobnar Matej , Gumeniuk Roman , Mertens Florian , Kortus Jens
Published: September 2017

In this work we summarize a symbiotic approach to combine experimental and theoretical investigations for the derivation of high quality thermodynamic data for the description of potential lithium ion battery materials. The methodology of this concept was demonstrated in detail by exploring and describing the properties of the lithium monosilicide phase LiSi. The procedures were also applied in a series of investigations to all major LixSiy-phases which will be reviewed briefly. Regarding the LiSi phase, the measured and calculated isobaric heat capacity, which may enable further thermodynamic investigations (e. g. with CALPHAD method) of the phase diagram of the Li–Si-system is presented. The heat capacity of the stable phase LiSi was measured as a function of temperature in a range from (2 to 673) K and compared with corresponding ab-initio and molecular dynamic calculations resulting in values for absolute entropies. The heat of formation of the system was determined in an unconventional manner via hydrogenation experiments.
Dr. Robert G. Heath: a controversial figure in the history of deep brain stimulation
Authors: O’Neal Christen M. , Baker Cordell M. , Glenn Chad A. , Conner Andrew K. , Sughrue Michael E.
Published: September 2017

The history of psychosurgery is filled with tales of researchers pushing the boundaries of science and ethics. These stories often create a dark historical framework for some of the most important medical and surgical advancements. Dr. Robert G. Heath, a board-certified neurologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, holds a debated position within this framework and is most notably remembered for his research on schizophrenia. Dr. Heath was one of the first physicians to implant electrodes in deep cortical structures as a psychosurgical intervention. He used electrical stimulation in an attempt to cure patients with schizophrenia and as a method of conversion therapy in a homosexual man. This research was highly controversial, even prior to the implementation of current ethics standards for clinical research and often goes unmentioned within the historical narrative of deep brain stimulation (DBS). While distinction between the modern practice of DBS and its controversial origins is necessary, it is important to examine Dr. Heath’s work as it allows for reflection on current neurosurgical practices and questioning the ethical implication of these advancements.
The hypothalamus at the crossroads of psychopathology and neurosurgery
Authors: Barbosa Daniel A. N. , de Oliveira-Souza Ricardo , Monte Santo Felipe , de Oliveira Faria Ana Carolina , Gorgulho Alessandra A. , De Salles Antonio A. F.
Published: September 2017

The neurosurgical endeavor to treat psychiatric patients may have been part of human history since its beginning. The modern era of psychosurgery can be traced to the heroic attempts of Gottlieb Burckhardt and Egas Moniz to alleviate mental symptoms through the ablation of restricted areas of the frontal lobes in patients with disabling psychiatric illnesses. Thanks to the adaptation of the stereotactic frame to human patients, the ablation of large volumes of brain tissue has been practically abandoned in favor of controlled interventions with discrete targets.

Consonant with the role of the hypothalamus in the mediation of the most fundamental approach-avoidance behaviors, some hypothalamic nuclei and regions, in particular, have been selected as targets for the treatment of aggressiveness (posterior hypothalamus), pathological obesity (lateral or ventromedial nuclei), sexual deviations (ventromedial nucleus), and drug dependence (ventromedial nucleus). Some recent improvements in outcomes may have been due to the use of stereotactically guided deep brain stimulation and the change of therapeutic focus from categorical diagnoses (such as schizophrenia) to dimensional symptoms (such as aggressiveness), which are nonspecific in terms of formal diagnosis. However, agreement has never been reached on 2 related issues: 1) the choice of target, based on individual diagnoses; and 2) reliable prediction of outcomes related to individual targets. Despite the lingering controversies on such critical aspects, the experience of the past decades should pave the way for advances in the field. The current failure of pharmacological treatments in a considerable proportion of patients with chronic disabling mental disorders is reminiscent of the state of affairs that prevailed in the years before the early psychosurgical attempts.

This article reviews the functional organization of the hypothalamus, the effects of ablation and stimulation of discrete hypothalamic regions, and the stereotactic targets that have most often been used in the treatment of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms; finally, the implications of current and past experience are presented from the perspective of how this fund of knowledge may usefully contribute to the future of hypothalamic psychosurgery.
Sanger Brown and Edward Schäfer before Heinrich Klüver and Paul Bucy: their observations on bilateral temporal lobe ablations
Authors: Vannemreddy Prasad S. S. V. , Stone James L.
Published: September 2017

Fifty years before a report on the complete bitemporal lobectomy syndrome in primates, known as the Klüver-Bucy syndrome, was published, 2 talented investigators working at the University College in London, England—neurologist Sanger Brown and physiologist Edward Schäfer—also made this discovery. The title of their work was “An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey’s brain,” and it involved excisional brain surgery in 12 monkeys. They were particularly interested in the then-disputed primary cortical locations relating to vision and hearing. However, following extensive bilateral temporal lobe excisions in 2 monkeys, they noted peculiar behavior including apparent loss of memory and intelligence resembling “idiocy.” These investigators recognized most of the behavioral findings that later came to be known as the Klüver-Bucy syndrome. However, they were working within the late-19th-century framework of cerebral cortical localizations of basic motor and sensory functions.

Details of the Brown and Schäfer study and a glimpse of the neurological thinking of that period is presented. In the decades following the pivotal work of Klüver and Bucy in the late 1930s, in which they used a more advanced neurosurgical technique, tools of behavioral observations, and analysis of brain sections after euthanasia, investigators have elaborated the full components of the clinical syndrome and the extent of their resections.

Other neuroscientists sought to isolate and determine the specific temporal neocortical, medial temporal, and deep limbic structures responsible for various visual and complex behavioral deficits. No doubt, Klüver and Bucy’s contribution led to a great expansion in attention given to the limbic system’s role in action, perception, emotion, and affect—a tide that continues to the present time.
Heterogeneous Association of Alzheimer’s Disease-Linked Amyloid-β and Amyloid-β Protein Precursor with Synapses
Authors: Willén Katarina , Sroka Agnieszka , Takahashi Reisuke H. , Gouras Gunnar K.
Published: September 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly viewed as a disease of synapses. Loss of synapses correlates better with cognitive decline than amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the hallmark neuropathological lesions of AD. Soluble forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) have emerged as mediators of synapse dysfunction. Aβ binds to, accumulates, and aggregates in synapses. However, the anatomical and neurotransmitter specificity of Aβ and the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) in AD remain poorly understood. In addition, the relative roles of Aβ and AβPP in the development of AD, at pre- versus post-synaptic compartments and axons versus dendrites, respectively, remain unclear. Here we use immunogold electron microscopy and confocal microscopy to provide evidence for heterogeneity in the localization of Aβ/AβPP. We demonstrate that Aβ binds to a subset of synapses in cultured neurons, with preferential binding to glutamatergic compared to GABAergic neurons. We also highlight the challenge of defining pre- versus post-synaptic localization of this binding by confocal microscopy. Further, endogenous Aβ42 accumulates in both glutamatergic and GABAergic AβPP/PS1 transgenic primary neurons, but at varying levels. Moreover, upon knock-out of presenilin 1 or inhibition of γ-secretase AβPP C-terminal fragments accumulate both pre- and post-synaptically; however earlier pre-synaptically, consistent with a higher rate of AβPP processing in axons. A better understanding of the synaptic and anatomical selectivity of Aβ/AβPP in AD can be important for the development of more effective new therapies for this major disease of aging.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication, Anticholinergic Burden, and Mortality in People Attending Memory Clinics
Authors: Cross Amanda J. , George Johnson , Woodward Michael C. , Ames David , Brodaty Henry , Wolfe Rory , Connors Michael H. , Elliott Rohan A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

There is limited evidence regarding the association between potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and mortality in older people with cognitive impairment.

Objective:

To examine whether use of medications considered to be potentially inappropriate in older people with cognitive impairment (PIMcog) and anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) were associated with mortality in people who attended memory clinics.

Methods:

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from the Prospective Research In MEmory clinics (PRIME) study. Participants were community-dwelling people who attended nine memory clinics and had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. PIMcog was defined as any medication considered potentially inappropriate for a person with cognitive impairment according to Beers or STOPP criteria. Anticholinergic burden was calculated using the ACB scale. Time-dependent Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to analyze associations between PIMcog use/ACB score and all-cause mortality over a three-year follow-up period. The regression model included the baseline variables: age, gender, education, cognitive diagnoses, total number of medications, disease-burden, cognition, physical function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Results:

Of 964 participants, 360 (37.3%) used one or more PIMcog at some time during the study; most commonly anticholinergics and sedatives. 624 (64.7%) participants used a medication with potential or definite anticholinergic properties (ACB>0) at some point during the study. Both PIMcog use (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.42 95% CI: 1.12–1.80) and ACB score (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18 95% CI: 1.06–1.32) were associated with mortality.

Conclusion:

Use of PIMcogs and medications with anticholinergic properties was common among memory clinic patients and both were associated with mortality.
Mitochondria in Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses have Similar Susceptibility to Amyloid-β Peptides Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Amorim João A. , Canas Paula M. , Tomé Angelo R. , Rolo Anabela P. , Agostinho Paula , Palmeira Carlos M. , Cunha Rodrigo A.
Published: September 2017

Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to trigger memory deficits and synaptic damage at the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unknown how mitochondria dysfunction might trigger synaptotoxicity and if a differential susceptibility of mitochondria located in synapses underlies the greater glutamatergic than GABAergic synaptotoxicity in early AD. Hippocampal synaptosomes (purified synapses) of a rat model of early AD, typified by selective memory deficits two weeks after intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ1–42, 2 nmol), simultaneously displayed three mitochondria-associated deleterious alterations: 1) hampered metabolism (decreased MTT reduction); 2) increased oxygen radical production (increased hydrogen peroxide production); 3) increased caspase-3 activity. The direct exposure of hippocampal synaptosomes to Aβ1–42 (500 nM) similarly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM+ fluorescence) and increased mitochondria-derived oxygen radicals (MitoTraker®red-CM-H2Xros fluorescence) in individual glutamatergic (vesicular glutamate transporter-immunopositive) and GABAergic (vesicular GABA transporter-immunopositive) synaptosomes. However, significantly more glutamatergic than GABAergic synaptosomes were endowed with mitochondria (Tom20-immunopositive). These results indicate that dysfunctional mitochondria located in synapses can trigger synaptotoxicity through multifaceted mechanisms and that it is not the susceptibility of mitochondria to Aβ but more likely a different impact of dysfunctional mitochondria that underlies the greater sensitivity to synaptotoxicity of glutamatergic than GABA synapses in early AD.
Effect of Attention Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Subcortical Vascular Changes: The RehAtt Study
Authors: Pantoni Leonardo , Poggesi Anna , Diciotti Stefano , Valenti Raffaella , Orsolini Stefano , Della Rocca Eleonora , Inzitari Domenico , Mascalchi Mario , Salvadori Emilia
Published: September 2017

Background and Objective:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with small vessel disease (SVD) are at high dementia risk. We tested the effects of cognitive rehabilitation in these patients using the Attention Process Training-II (APT-II) program in a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial.

Methods:

Patients were randomized to APT-II or standard care and evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months with functional, quality of life, cognitive tests, and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI).

Results:

Forty-six patients were enrolled and 43 (mean±SD age 75.1±6.8) completed the study. No change was seen in functionality and quality of life between treated and non-treated patients. However, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test immediate recall showed a significant improvement in treated compared to non-treated group (change score 6 versus 12 months: 1.8±4.9 and –1.4±3.8, p = 0.021; baseline versus 12 months: 3.8±6.1 and 0.2±4.4, p = 0.032). A higher proportion of treated patients had stable/better evaluation compared to non-treated group on Visual search test (6 versus 12 months: 95% versus 71%, p = 0.038) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure copy (6 versus 12 months: 95% versus 67%, p = 0.027). RsfMRI, performed in a subsample, showed that the difference between follow-up and baseline in synchronization of activity in cerebellar areas was significantly greater in treated than in non-treated patients.

Conclusion:

We were unable to show a significant effect in quality of life or functional status in treated patients with MCI and SVD. However, APT-II produces some beneficial effects in focused attention and working memory and seems to increase activity in brain circuits involved in cognitive processes.
Histopathological Features of Lymph Nodes of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Patients: Experience of 50 cases in Bangladesh
Authors: Huda Mohammad Mahmudul , Taufiq Mohammad , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Rahman Mohammad Rezwanur , Begum Ferdousy , Kamal Mohammed
Published: August 2017

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is common manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Bangladesh. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the histopathological features of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was done at the Department of Pathology at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2009 to March 2011 for a period of nearly two years. All the patients irrespective of age and sex with the clinical features suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis and later on proved to be the same histologically were selected for the study purposively. Relevant information was recorded in a prescribed data sheet and histomorphological findings were recorded accordingly. In cases where fresh specimen was available, caseous portion of lymph node was sent for culture. FiteFaraco staining was also done on lymph node sections in all cases. Result: A total number of 50 tuberculous lymphadenitis patients were recruited for this study of which well formed granuloma was detected in 34(68.0%) cases followed by ill defined and combination of well and ill defined which were 8(16.0%) cases in each. Among 34 well defined cases coalescing and discrete were found in 6(17.6%) cases in each. However, both types were found in 22(64.7%) cases.Conclusion: In conclusion well formed granuloma is most commonly found in tuberculous lymphadenitis with combined variety of coalescing and discrete histopathologic featuresBangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(2):40-42
H2S and Siloxane D5 Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Gas by Adsorption
Authors: Lehtonen Juha , Koskinen Jukka , Sultana Naima , Kaisalo Noora , Anttila Pia
Published: August 2017

Global warming and depletion of fossil fuel enhances people to obtain alternative clean sources of energy. The key objective of this study was to develop adsorbent systems for sulphur (from H2S) and siloxanes removal from the anaerobic digestion gas (ADG) by commercially available adsorbents for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) application. The target limits for removal of sulphur and siloxane compounds were less than 1 ppmv and 100ppbv respectively for the SOFC application. Based on the results of this work (this work is a part of a European Union project named SOFcom) and some other projects of SOFcom, a pilot plant of SOFC (capacity 100 kW fuel energy) will attempt to operate using the ADG produced from the Torino Sewage Plant, Italy. Different types of siloxanes were available in the ADG, among them D5 was chosen as representative for their higher concentrations (1200ppbv) in Torino, Italy. However, all types of siloxanes are also possible to remove from ADG by the same adsorbent. Commercially available adsorbents such as Activated Carbon (sigma), Zeolite 5A, FCDS GS-1(ZnO) and FCDS GS6, Active carbon (Norit RST3) and Soxsia were explored in the fixed bed reactor in laboratory. Artificially simulated ADG was tested in the laboratory (for simplicity) to determine the adsorption capacities of adsorbents. FCDS GS-1 (48 mg/g) and Norit RST3 (55.7 mg/g) were performed as best adsorbents for sulphur and siloxane D5 removal respectively.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 40-43
A Study on Electrolyte Imbalance in Asphyxiated Neonates
Authors: Rahman Farhana , Siddique Md Abu Bakar , Hassan Md Wahidul , Bari Md Nasimul , Ahmed Firoz
Published: August 2017

In less developed country like Bangladesh, perinatal asphyxia remains a major cause of death and disability. Disorders of electrolytes are one of the common derangements encountered in critically ill asphyxiated neonates. It may remain unrecognized leading to morbidity and mortality irrespective of the primary problem. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH) causes hyponatraemia in perinatal asphyxia. Metabolic acidosis may further exaggerate hyponatraemia. Where as in hypernatraemia there is an absolute or relative deficit of water in relation to body sodium. Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia may aggravate the neurological morbidity in asphyxiated infants. Metabolic acidosis may causes hyperkalamia. On the other hand respiratory acidosis may cause hypochloraemia and renal tubular damage in perinatal asphyxia may further cause loss of potassium leading to hypokalaemia. This study has been conducted to find out the pattern of electrolyte abnormalities in asphyxiated neonates. In the study out of 133 asphyxiated babies 40 (30.1%) were hyponatremic. Hypokalaemia observed in 8 (6.0%) asphyxiated babies. Hyperkalaemia was found in 28 (21.1%) asphyxiated neonates in this study. Immediate measurements of serum electrolyte followed by appropriate fluid and electrolytes therapy can reduce the overall morbidity and mortality in asphyxiated neonates.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 775-779
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG)
Authors: Rahman Md Lutfar , Badruzzaman Md , Munshi Prakashchandra , Rahman Mazbaur , Yusuf SM Taslim , Islam Md Saiful
Published: August 2017

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the procedure done worldwide with acceptable results and has the highest impact in the history of medicine. Atherosclerotic Plaque formation in the sub-intimal layer is the main pathophysiology which causes ischemia in cardiac muscle & gives symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD). There are many ways for revascularization but CABG is the mostly performed procedure & still gold standard. Results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) & other novel approach to coronary revascularization is still compared with conventional CABG. Left internal mammary artery is the most durable conduits & should be used for every patients unless contraindicated. In young non-diabetic patient as much possible arterial conduits should be used. In planned operations results are excellent with inhospital mortality <1% with few morbidities like sternal wound infection <3%, renal and neurological complications <7% & <3%.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 795-803
Modern Anesthesia and Its Medico-Legal Aspects
Authors: Ali Md Rashid , Rahman Jobaidur , Khatun Rahena , Adom Shamim , Khan Kamrul Russel
Published: August 2017

The practice of anesthesia has changed dramatically since the days of John Snow. The modern anaesthesiologist is now both a consultant and a primary care provider. The consultant role is appropriate because the primary goal of the anesthetist- to see the patient and comfortably through surgery- generally takes only a short time. However, because anaesthesiologist manage all "noncutting" aspects of the patient's care in the immediate perioperative period, they are also primary care providers. The "Captain of the ship"doctrin, which held the surgeon responsible for every aspects of the patient's perioperative care is no longer valid. The surgeon and anesthesiologist must function together effectively, but both are ultimately answerable to the patient rather than to each other. Patient can select their own anesthesiologist, as well as the surgeon. On the other hand an anesthesiologists have every rights to choice a surgeon, or refuse giving anesthesia to a certain patients. The practice of anesthesia is no longer limited to the operating room. The anesthesiologist are now routinely asked to monitor, sedate and provide general or regional anesthesia outside the operation room. Anesthesiologist have traditionally been pioneers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and continue to be integral members of resuscitation team. Preoperative evaluation of patients, perioperative and postoperative monitoring and care is absolutely essential. Surgeon-anesthesiologist, anesthesiologist-patient rapport/ co-ordination should be maintained. Documentation is important for both quality assurance and medico legal purpose. Preoperative and intraoperative anesthetic record must be preserved as it serves many purposes. This record should as pertinent and accurate as possible. The written consent with a witness must be taken. The postoperative notes are also essential as many of the patients files complaint against the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and hospitals. Therefore, there are no alternatives rather to preserve all sorts of written documents for their own safety.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 806-809
The Medical Ethics
Authors: Ali Shah Md Shahjahan , Yesmin Laila , Islam Md Rafiqul , Hussain Mubas Shirin , Hasan Md Enamul , Hossain Md Shadat , Afrin Mehnaz
Published: August 2017

The medical ethics means the moral principles, which should guide the members of medical profession in course of their practice of medicine and their dealings with patient and other members of the same profession. Medical etiquette deals with the conventional laws of courtesy observed between members of the medical profession.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 810-813
Obstructe d Labour: A Life Threatening Complication
Authors: Khatun Jamila , Khanom Khudeja
Published: August 2017

Obstructed labour is an important cause of maternal death in developing countries. Obstructed labour also causes significant maternal morbidity mainly due to infection and hemorrhage and foetal death from asphyxia is also common. Objectives are to reduce maternal and newborn complications by early detection and rapid interventions and to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2014 in Sylhet, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital. 100 obstructed labour cases were selected those who were admitted in Inpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SOMCH. 100 obstructed labour cases were recorded. The majority (80%) were residents of rural areas in which transportation were difficult, the occupation of the women were housewives mostly (90%) and remaining (10%) were tea-garden worker.75% of the obstructed labour cases did not have any ante-natal follow-up. Most of the cases (70%) were visited Osmani Medical College Hospital by their attendant. 70% Visited at 12-24 hours of labour, (80%) came from a distance of 10-50 kilometers. Cepholo-pelvic disproportion was the major cause of obstructed labour (78%) and cesarean section was the main way of delivery (95%). PPH (4%), puerperal sepsis (4%), rupture uterus (2%), VVF (2%), rupture uterus with shock (1%), were the main complications and maternal death (1%). Obstructed labour was the major causes of poor perinatal outcome and perinatal death (7%). This study revealed high incidence of maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 12-14
The Emotional-Psyc hological Consequences of Infertility and Its Treatment
Authors: Nahrin Noor E , Ashraf Fatema , Nessa Khairun , Alfazzaman Md , Anwary Shaheen Ara , Abedin Syed AM Asfarul , Rahman MM Mafizur
Published: August 2017

Infertility is a major public health concern accounting for 10%-15% all over the world. In Bangladesh about 24.51 million patients receive infertility advice or treatment. The emotional consequences of an infertility diagnosis can be devastating. One study in Taiwan diagnosed anxiety in 23% and major depression in 17% of the women seeking assisted reproductive infertility treatment. The aim of this case presentation is to addressing the psychological consequences of infertility and its treatment. The findings of this case study are: 1. Understanding the reactions of infertility (mental engagement; psychological turmoil). 2. Consequences of therapy process (reduced self-esteem; feelings of failure, economic burden). 3. Emotional-affective reactions to therapy process (fear, anxiety and worry; fatigue and helplessness; grief and depression; hopelessness). This case study revealed that infertile women seeking treatment face several psychological-emotional problems with devastating effects on the mental health and well-being of the infertile individuals and couples, while the infertility is often treated as a biomedical issue with less attention on the mental-emotional, social and cultural aspects.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 42-44
Wave Energy Resource Assessment off the Coast of China around the Zhoushan Islands
Authors: Wan Yong , Fan Chenqing , Zhang Jie , Meng Junmin , Dai Yongshou , Li Ligang , Sun Weifeng , Zhou Peng , Wang Jing , Zhang Xudong
Published: September 2017

Based on ERA-Interim reanalysis wave field data for the 36 years from 1979 to 2014, the temporal and spatial distributions and development potential of wave energy are studied in detail in the offshore and relatively nearshore waters adjacent to the Zhoushan Islands. The results show that areas of relatively high wave energy are located in the offshore waters to the east and southeast of the Zhoushan Islands. The potential wave energy in relatively nearshore waters (water depths from 10 m to 65 m) is relatively higher and especially in the nearshore waters to the southeast of the city of Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, which are suitable locations for wave energy development. The conclusions provide scientific guidance for wave energy development in the sea areas adjacent to the Zhoushan Islands.
Erratum: Haraux, E., et al. Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 27
Authors: Haraux Elodie , Braun Karine , Buisson Philippe , Stéphan-Blanchard Erwan , Devauchelle Camille , Ricard Jannick , Boudailliez Bernard , Tourneux Pierre , Gouron Richard , Chardon Karen
Published: August 2017

Due to an error during production, some data presented in Table 1 in the Experimental section of the published paper [1] were incorrect.[...]
Delay Discounting as an Index of Sustainable Behavior: Devaluation of Future Air Quality and Implications for Public Health
Authors: Berry Meredith , Nickerson Norma , Odum Amy
Published: September 2017

Poor air quality and resulting annual deaths represent significant public health concerns. Recently, rapid delay discounting (the devaluation of future outcomes) of air quality has been considered a potential barrier for engaging in long term, sustainable behaviors that might help to reduce emissions (e.g., reducing private car use, societal support for clean air initiatives). Delay discounting has been shown to be predictive of real world behavior outside of laboratory settings, and therefore may offer an important framework beyond traditional variables thought to measure sustainable behavior such as importance of an environmental issue, or environmental attitudes/values, although more research is needed in this area. We examined relations between discounting of air quality, respiratory health, and monetary gains and losses. We also examined, relations between discounting and self-reported importance of air quality and respiratory health, and nature relatedness. Results showed rapid delay discounting of all outcomes across the time frames assessed, and significant positive correlations between delay discounting of air quality, respiratory health, and monetary outcomes. Steeper discounting of monetary outcomes relative to air quality and respiratory health outcomes was observed in the context of gains; however, no differences in discounting were observed across losses of monetary, air quality, and respiratory health. Replicating the sign effect, monetary outcomes were discounted more steeply than monetary losses. Importance of air quality, respiratory health and nature relatedness were significantly and positively correlated with one another, but not with degree of delay discounting of any outcome, demonstrating the need for more comprehensive measures that predict pro-environmental behaviors that might benefit individuals and public health over time. These results add to our understanding of decision-making, and demonstrate alarming rates of delay discounting of air quality and health. These results implicate a major public health concern and potential barriers to individual and societal behavior that reduce pollution and emissions for conservation of clean air.
Public Health Services Utilization and Its Determinants among Internal Migrants in China: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Zhang Jingya , Lin Senlin , Liang Di , Qian Yi , Zhang Donglan , Hou Zhiyuan
Published: September 2017

There have been obstacles for internal migrants in China in accessing local public health services for some time. This study aimed to estimate the utilization of local public health services and its determinants among internal migrants. Data were from the 2014 and 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of internal migrants in China. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the relationship between socioeconomic, migration, and demographic characteristics and public health services utilization. Our results showed that internal migrants in more developed eastern regions used less public health services. Those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to use public health services. The years of living in the city of residence were positively associated with the utilization of public health services. Compared to migration within the city, migration across provinces significantly reduced the probability of using health records (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86–0.90), health education (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–1.00), and health education on non–communicable diseases (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95) or through the Internet (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). This study concludes that public health services coverage for internal migrants has seen great improvement due to government subsidies. Internal migrants with lower socioeconomic status and across provinces need to be targeted. More attention should be given to the local government in the developed eastern regions in order to narrow the regional gaps.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and Class II Polymorphisms and Serum Cytokine Profiles in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Bahls Larissa , Yamakawa Roger , Zanão Karina , Alfieri Daniela , Flauzino Tamires , Delongui Francieli , De Abreu André , Souza Raquel , Gimenes Fabrícia , Reiche Edna , Borelli Sueli , Consolaro Marcia
Published: August 2017

Only a small proportion of women who are exposed to infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) progress to persistent infection and develop cervical cancer (CC). The immune response and genetic background of the host may affect the risk of progression from a HR-HPV infection to lesions and cancer. However, to our knowledge, no studies has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between variability of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes and serum cytokine expression in this pathology. In the current study, we examined the associations of HLA alleles and haplotypes including Class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and II (HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1) with serum levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10 and IL-17 as well as risks of HPV infections, lesions and CC among admixed Brazilian women. HLA polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk or protection from HPV, lesions and CC. Additionally, we demonstrated a potential association of a HLA class I haplotype (HLA-B*14-C*08) with higher IL-10 cytokine serum levels in cervical disease, suggesting an association between HLA class I and specific cytokines in cervical carcinogenesis. However, larger studies with detailed HPV types coupled with genetic data are needed to further evaluate the effects of HLA and CC by HPV genotype.