bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der preußische Adler in der deutschen Herrschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Junginger Horst
Published: October 2021

After the first coronation of a Prussian king in 1701, the Potsdam Garrison Church quickly became the religious center of a military state that spent 80 percent of its budget on the army. Only by closely linking politics, religion and the military was Prussia able to catch up with the leading powers of Europe. The proximity to the Lord of Hosts made the Prussian eagle the ideal symbol of power for the Hohenzollern monarchy. While the Weimar Republic condemned his memory, he set out on a new political and military high in 1933 and 1939 respectively. The restoration of his political integrity is therefore highly controversial.
Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) and Their Significance in Agricultural Trade of India and European Union
Authors: Niranjan M. B. , Shivakumar K. M. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Rohini A.
Published: October 2021

Aims: The research study aims to study the decadal growth in agricultural trade of top five agricultural commodities between India and the European Union and also the quantification of Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) of select agricultural commodities to give trade policy suggestions to the concerned commodity sectors

Study Design and Methodology: A decadal growth in top five agricultural commodities were studied for 28 European Union Countries (EU-28) and India using Compounded Annual Growth Rate and NTM of three subsections of WTO were quantified using inventory-based approaches; coverage ratio and frequency index.

Results and Conclusion: In terms of quantity exported, positive annual growth rate of 0.24, 0.48 and 0.76 per cent in marine products, coffee and castor oil is noticed. A negative growth of 0.67 and 2.6 per cent in spices and tobacco unmanufactured is witnessed during the study period. Export value recorded the positive annual growth rate of 2.96, per cent in marine products and spices and a negative growth of 1.7,0.16 and 2.8 per cent in coffee, castor oil and tobacco unmanufactured respectively. Export value per unit showed annual positive growth of 2.7,2.2 and 0.94 per cent in marine products, coffee and spices and negative growth of 0.91 and 0.22 per cent in castor oil and tobacco unmanufactured respectively. Both Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Measures had a greater impact in the agricultural export form India to EU-28 during 2010-11 to 2019-20.
Advanced Multifunctional Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries Design: From Materials and Devices to Systems
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Qichong , He Bing , Pan Rui , Wang Zhixun , Chen Mengxiao , Wang Zhe , Yin Kuibo , Yao Yagang , Wei Lei , Sun Litao
Published: October 2021

Multifunctional aqueous rechargeable batteries (MARBs) are regarded as safe, cost‐effective, and scalable electrochemical energy storage devices, which offer additional functionalities that conventional batteries cannot achieve, which ideally leads to unprecedented applications. Although MARBs are among the most exciting and rapidly growing topics in scientific research and industrial development nowadays, a systematic summary of the evolution and advances in the field of MARBs is still not available. Therefore, the review presented comprehensively and systematically summarizes the design principles and the recent advances of MARBs by categories of smart ARBs and integrated systems, together with an analysis of their device design and configuration, electrochemical performance, and diverse smart functions. The two most promising strategies to construct novel MARBs may be A) the introduction of functional materials into ARB components, and B) integration of ARBs with other functional devices. The ongoing challenges and future perspectives in this research and development field are outlined to foster the future development of MARBs. Finally, the most important upcoming research directions in this rapidly developing field are highlighted that may be most promising to lead to the commercialization of MARBs and to a further broadening of their range of applications.
Polyprodrug Nanomedicines: An Emerging Paradigm for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Kuikun , Yang Zhiqing , Yu Guocan , Nie Zhihong , Wang Ruibing , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2021

Nanomedicines have the potential to provide advanced therapeutic strategies in combating tumors. Polymer‐prodrug‐based nanomedicines are particularly attractive in cancer therapies owing to the maximum drug loading, prolonged blood circulation, and reduced premature leakage and side effects in comparison with conventional nanomaterials. However, the difficulty in precisely tuning the composition and drug loading of polymer–drug conjugates leads to batch‐to‐batch variations of the prodrugs, thus significantly restricting their clinical translation. Polyprodrug nanomedicines inherit the numerous intrinsic advantages of polymer–drug conjugates and exhibit well‐controlled composition and drug loading via direct polymerization of therapeutic monomers, representing a promising nanomedicine for clinical tumor therapies. In this review, recent advances in the development of polyprodrug nanomedicines are summarized for tumor elimination. Various types of polyprodrug nanomedicines and the corresponding properties are first summarized. The unique advantages of polyprodrug nanomedicines and their key roles in various tumor therapies are further highlighted. Finally, current challenges and the perspectives on future research of polyprodrug nanomedicines are discussed.
An Enzyme‐Activatable Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Probe: Intraoperative Pathological Fluorescent Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer via Specific Cathepsin E
Authors: Zhu Zhirong , Wang Qi , Chen Xiaoyan , Wang Quan , Yan Chengxu , Zhao Xiaolei , Zhao Weijun , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: October 2021

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating malignant tumors. However, fluorescence probes for early clinical diagnosis of PC often encounter difficulties in accuracy and penetrability. In this work, an enzyme‐activated aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) probe, QM–HSP–CPP, for high‐contrast fluorescence diagnosis of PC is developed by monitoring specific overexpressed enzyme Cathepsin E (CTSE). The probe is composed of an AIE fluorophore QM–COOH (QM = quinoline–malononitrile), CTSE‐triggered hydrophobic peptide (HSP), and hydrophilic biocompatible cell penetrating peptide (CPP). The CPP unit can well‐modulate the molecular dispersion properties, giving initial fluorescence‐off state in the aqueous biosystem, thus endowing high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and finally overcoming the poor targeting selectivity of traditional AIE probes. CPP can ensure cell/tissue penetrating ability, thus allowing on‐site monitoring of endogenous CTSE in PC cells, tissues, and living animal models. When the QM–HSP–CPP probe is specifically cleaved by CTSE, it can generate AIE signals in situ with high‐specificity and long‐term tracking ability, and successfully achieve intraoperative diagnosis of human PC sections, tracking PC in heterotopic nude mice models. The CTSE‐enzyme‐triggered AIEgens’ liberation strategy improves accuracy and addresses the penetration problem simultaneously, which can expand the database of multitudinous biocompatible AIE‐active probes, especially for establishing intraoperative pathological fluorescent diagnosis.
Cephalopod‐Inspired Design of Photomechanically Modulated Display Systems for On‐Demand Fluorescent Patterning
Authors: Shi Huihui , Wu Shuangshuang , Si Muqing , Wei Shuxin , Lin Guoqing , Liu Hao , Xie Weiping , Lu Wei , Chen Tao
Published: October 2021

Cephalopods can display variable body color/patterns upon environmental stimulation via bioelectricity‐controlled muscle contraction/expansion of skin chromatophores. However, it remains challenging to produce artificial display analogs that exhibit reversible and rapid switching between multiple expected luminescent patterns, although such systems are very appealing for many practical uses (e.g., data encryption). Inspired by the bioelectromechanical display tactic of cephalopods, in this work, a conceptually new photomechanically modulated fluorescent system that enables on‐demand display of fluorescent patterns via a cascading stimulation−mechanical movement−optical output conduction mechanism is presented. Specifically, this biomimetic system comprises a customizable hollow display panel and a bottom‐tethered photothermally responsive fluorescent actuator. Under NIR light, the photomechanically bending movements of the fluorescent actuator will immediately cover the hollow window of the display panel and synchronously manifest as the display of fluorescent patterns. Owing to its desirable time‐ and light‐power‐dependent actuating behaviors, diverse fluorescent patterns/information can be dynamically and reversibly displayed by facilely controlling this single remote NIR signal. This bioinspired strategy is universal and promising for fabricating on‐demand fluorescent display platforms that combine a wide choice of fluorophores, remote control with high spatial/temporal precision, and especially single‐input multiple‐output features.
Lead‐Free All‐Inorganic Indium Chloride Perovskite Variant Nanocrystals for Efficient Luminescence
Authors: Han Peigeng , Zhou Wei , Zheng Daoyuan , Zhang Xirui , Li Cheng , Kong Qingkun , Yang Songqiu , Lu Ruifeng , Han Keli
Published: October 2021

Lead‐free halide perovskites and their variants have attracted great attention due to their non‐toxicity and good photophysical properties. Here, a series of undoped and antimony‐doped all‐inorganic, 0D, indium‐based perovskite variant nanocrystals (NCs): (RbxCs1−x)3InCl6 and (RbxCs1−x)3InCl6:Sb (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) NCs, is reported. Among them, Sb‐doped NCs exhibit green emission. Mixing Rb‐Cs NCs show the higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (PLQE) and better stability than unalloyed NCs (x = 0 or 1). The effect of crystal size on PL property of (Rb0.75Cs0.25)3InCl6:Sb is analyzed in detail. More interestingly, In‐based perovskite variant NCs containing coordinated water are successfully synthesized by a two‐step method (variable temperature hot injection and saturated steam post treatment). The best PLQE of Sb‐doped Cs2InCl5(H2O) NCs reaches 95.5%, which is a new PLQE record for yellow emissive lead‐free perovskite and variant NCs. In addition, the emission mechanism is further clarified by temperature‐dependent PL and femtosecond transient absorption techniques.
Ultrahigh Stability of Wearable Photodetector Using Zirconium Metal‐Organic Framework Enabling In Situ and Continuous Monitoring of Ultraviolet Radiation Risk
Authors: Tran Manh Hoang , Hur Jaehyun
Published: October 2021

Zirconium‐benzenedicarboxylate (ZrBDC) is a remarkably stable metal‐organic framework with a broadband UV absorption that would offer numerous applications related to UV detection. However, the integration of a continuous and densely packed ZrBDC film with the controllable thickness into optoelectrical devices suffers from time‐consuming and complicated fabrication of ZrBDC thin film. In this study, a facile liquid‐phase epitaxy method is introduced by adopting sequential and continuous layer‐by‐layer spin‐coating technique to fabricate the high‐quality ZrBDC thin film. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the as‐prepared ZrBDC thin film are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, space charge limited current, and Mott‐Schottky measurement. When ZrBDC is used as an efficient photo‐absorber layer for a visible‐blind UV photodetector, the device exhibits a specific detectivity of 7.85 × 1010 Jones and rise/fall time of 80/150 ms at zero bias. Furthermore, the device reveals outstanding stability with nearly constant photoresponse during 19 h‐exposure to UV illumination and after storing for 2 months, along with excellent tolerance under high operating temperature and bending strain. For practical applications, the facile estimation of UV level under sunlight is demonstrated using a wearable UV detector based on ZrBDC.
Photocatalytic Air Purification Using Functional Polymeric Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Zhou Min , Ou Honghui , Li Shanrong , Qin Xing , Fang Yuanxing , Lee Shun‐cheng , Wang Xinchen , Ho Wingkei
Published: October 2021

The techniques for the production of the environment have received attention because of the increasing air pollution, which results in a negative impact on the living environment of mankind. Over the decades, burgeoning interest in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) based photocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis of air pollutants has been witnessed, which is improved by harvesting visible light, layered/defective structures, functional groups, suitable/adjustable band positions, and existing Lewis basic sites. PCN‐based photocatalytic air purification can reduce the negative impacts of the emission of air pollutants and convert the undesirable and harmful materials into value‐added or nontoxic, or low‐toxic chemicals. However, based on previous reports, the systematic summary and analysis of PCN‐based photocatalysts in the catalytic elimination of air pollutants have not been reported. The research progress of functional PCN‐based composite materials as photocatalysts for the removal of air pollutants is reviewed here. The working mechanisms of each enhancement modification are elucidated and discussed on structures (nanostructure, molecular structue, and composite) regarding their effects on light‐absorption/utilization, reactant adsorption, intermediate/product desorption, charge kinetics, and reactive oxygen species production. Perspectives related to further challenges and directions as well as design strategies of PCN‐based photocatalysts in the heterogeneous catalysis of air pollutants are also provided.
Control over Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Selectivity by Coordination Engineering of Tin Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Guo Jiangyi , Zhang Wenlin , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Chen Datong , Zhan Jiayu , Wang Xueli , Shiju N. Raveendran , Yu Fengshou
Published: October 2021

Carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with well‐defined and homogeneously dispersed metal−N4 moieties provide a great opportunity for CO2 reduction. However, controlling the binding strength of various reactive intermediates on catalyst surface is necessary to enhance the selectivity to a desired product, and it is still a challenge. In this work, the authors prepared Sn SACs consisting of atomically dispersed SnN3O1 active sites supported on N‐rich carbon matrix (Sn‐NOC) for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction. Contrary to the classic Sn‐N4 configuration which gives HCOOH and H2 as the predominant products, Sn‐NOC with asymmetric atomic interface of SnN3O1 gives CO as the exclusive product. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations show that the atomic arrangement of SnN3O1 reduces the activation energy for *COO and *COOH formation, while increasing energy barrier for HCOO* formation significantly, thereby facilitating CO2‐to‐CO conversion and suppressing HCOOH production. This work provides a new way for enhancing the selectivity to a specific product by controlling individually the binding strength of each reactive intermediate on catalyst surface.
The Optimal Lattice Quantizer in Nine Dimensions
Authors: Allen Bruce , Agrell Erik
Published: October 2021

The optimal lattice quantizer is the lattice that minimizes the (dimensionless) second momentG. In dimensions 1 to 3, it has been proven that the optimal lattice quantizer is one of the classical lattices, and there is good numerical evidence for this in dimensions 4 to 8. In contrast, in 9 dimensions, more than two decades ago, the same numerical studies found the smallest known value ofGfor a non‐classical lattice. The structure and properties of this conjectured optimal lattice quantizer depend upon a real parameter , whose value was only known approximately. Here, a full description of this one‐parameter family of lattices and their Voronoi cells is given, and their (scalar and tensor) second moments are calculated analytically as a function ofa. The value ofawhich minimizesGis an algebraic number, defined by the root of a 9th order polynomial, with . For this value ofa, the covariance matrix (second moment tensor) is proportional to the identity, consistent with a theorem of Zamir and Feder for optimal quantizers. The structure of the Voronoi cell depends upona, and undergoes phase transitions at , 1, and 2, where its geometry changes abruptly. At each transition, the analytic formula for the second moment changes in a very simple way. The methods can be used for arbitrary one‐parameter families of laminated lattices, and may thus provide a useful tool to identify optimal quantizers in other dimensions as well.
Virus‐Mimicking Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Delivery of mRNA
Authors: Park Joon Ho , Mohapatra Animesh , Zhou Jiarong , Holay Maya , Krishnan Nishta , Gao Weiwei , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang
Published: October 2021

Effective endosomal escape after cellular uptake represents a major challenge in the field of nanodelivery, as the majority of drug payloads must localize to subcellular compartments other than the endosomes in order to exert activity. In nature, viruses can readily deliver their genetic material to the cytosol of host cells by triggering membrane fusion after endocytosis. For the influenza A virus, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein found on its surface fuses the viral envelope with the surrounding membrane at endosomal pH values. Biomimetic nanoparticles capable of endosomal escape were fabricated using a membrane coating derived from cells engineered to express HA on their surface. When evaluated in vitro, these virus‐mimicking nanoparticles were able to deliver an mRNA payload to the cytosolic compartment of target cells, resulting in the successful expression of the encoded protein. When the mRNA‐loaded nanoparticles were administered in vivo, protein expression levels were significantly increased in both local and systemic delivery scenarios. We therefore conclude that utilizing genetic engineering approaches to express viral fusion proteins on the surface of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles is a viable strategy for modulating the intracellular localization of encapsulated cargoes.
Photochemical Organocatalytic Regio‐ and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Allyl Groups to Enals
Authors: Berger Martin , Carboni Davide , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: October 2021

We report the first catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of allyl groups to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The chemistry exploits the visible‐light‐excitation of chiral iminium ions to activate allyl silanes towards the formation of allylic radicals, which are then intercepted stereoselectively. The underlying radical mechanism of this process overcomes the poor regio‐ and chemoselectivity that traditionally affects the conjugate allylation of enals proceeding via polar pathways. We also demonstrate how this organocatalytic strategy could selectively install a valuable prenyl fragment at the β‐carbon of enals.
Downregulation of tripartite motif protein 11 attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury via DUSP1‐JNK1/2
Authors: He Fang , Wu Zheqian , Wang Yong , Yin Lili , Lu Shijie , Dai Lihua
Published: October 2021

Currently, the prevention of ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains to be a challenge. Thus, this study was designed to explore the effects of tripartite motif protein 11 (TRIM11) on cardiomyocytes I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. Cardiomyocytes AC16 were used to establish an I/R injury cell model. After TRIM11 downregulation in I/R cells, cell proliferation (0, 12, 24, and 48 h) and apoptosis at 48 h as well as the related molecular changes in oxidative stress‐related pathways was detected. Further, after the treatment of TRIM11 overexpression, SP600125, or DUSP1 overexpression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and related genes were detected again. As per our findings, it was determined that TRIM11 was highly expressed in the cardiomyocytes AC16 after I/R injury. Downregulation of TRIM11 was determined to have significantly reduced I/R‐induced proliferation suppression and apoptosis. Besides, I/R‐activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and cleaved caspase 3 and Bax expression were significantly inhibited by TRIM11 downregulation. In addition, the overexpression of TRIM11 significantly promoted apoptosis in AC16 cells, and JNK1/2 inhibition and DUSP1 overexpression potently counteracted the induction of TRIM11 overexpression in AC16 cells. These suggested that the downregulation of TRIM11 attenuates apoptosis in AC16 cells after I/R injury probably through the DUSP1‐JNK1/2 pathways.
Prenatal diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Hu Zhi‐yang , Lin Sheng‐mou , Zhu Meng‐jie , Cheung Cindy Ka‐Yee , Liu Tao , Zhu Jin
Published: October 2021

Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, broad thumbs / toes. Here, we report a case of PS type 2 with increased nuchal translucency in early trimester.
Electrochemical Activity Produced from Abundant Expression of C‐Type Cytochromes in a Filamentous Gram‐Positive Bacterium
Authors: Li Daobo , Zheng Xiaodan , Yang Yonggang , Kong Guannan , Xu Meiying
Published: October 2021

Natural microbes employing c‐type cytochromes (c‐Cyts) for extracellular electron transport (EET) were greatly valuable to develop redox‐based bioelectrochemical applications. However, low levels of c‐Cyt expression limited the phylogenetically diverse Gram‐positive species to be used in bioelectrochemical devices. This work reported the remarkable finding that a high level of c‐Cyts was expressed in the cells of the Gram‐positive strain Lysinibacillus varians GY32. c‐Cyts in Lysinibacillus varians GY32 cells were expressed at a level close to those in Shewanella oneidensis. These c‐Cyts were found to cluster in cytoplasmic membrane and periplasmic space, along the length of Lysinibacillus varians GY32 cell. With voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical titration, phenazine methosulfate‐mediated electron transfer between the c‐Cyts and an electrode was proved. These results expanded the accessible natural models of EET and suggested a new microbial platform for developing bioelectrochemical applications.
Green Synthesis of Ag2S Quantum Dots as Sensing Probe: An Optical Sensor for the Detection of Cholesterol
Authors: Mir Irshad Ahmad , Kumar Sachin , Bhat Masroor Ahmad , Khan Quadrat Ullah , Wani Aijaz Ahmad , Zhu Ling
Published: October 2021

In this study, an environmental‐friendly method of preparation is adopted for the synthesis of NIR emitted Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a functional capping agent. According to the experimental results, the QDs with an average size of 4.5 nm exhibit their emission peak at 820 nm when excited at 420 nm. Furthermore, these QDs are used for the easy and fast detection of cholesterol (Ch) using the fluorescence (FL) spectroscopic method. These Ag2S QDs show signs of Ch concentration dependent FL enhancement after Ch‐QD complexation and Ch concentration. These QDs are either unchanged or underwent FL quenching in the presence of other studied analytes. Under the optimal conditions, the selectivity and sensitivity of BSA capped QDs for Ch are found to be significantly higher compared with other bioanalytes. In this case, the limit of detection is determined as 50 × 10−9 m. Moreover, this assay demonstrated such advantages as cheap affordability, simplicity, and specificity in terms of Ch sensing.
Sports drug testing and the athletes' exposome
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Fedoruk Matthew , Geyer Hans
Published: October 2021

Similar to the general population, elite athletes are exposed to a complex set of environmental factors including chemicals and radiation and also biological and physical stressors, which constitute an exposome that is, unlike for the general population, subjected to specific scrutiny for athletes due to applicable antidoping regulations and associated (frequent) routine doping controls. Hence, investigations into the athlete's exposome and how to distinguish between deliberate drug use and different contamination scenarios has become a central topic of antidoping research, as a delicate balance is to be managed between the vital and continually evolving developments of sensitive analytical techniques on the one hand, and the risk of the athletes' exposome potentially causing adverse analytical findings on the other.
Increased growth rates of stream salamanders following forest harvesting
Authors: Guzy Jacquelyn C. , Halstead Brian J. , Halloran Kelly M. , Homyack Jessica A. , Willson John D.
Published: October 2021

Timber harvesting can influence headwater streams by altering stream productivity, with cascading effects on the food web and predators within, including stream salamanders. Although studies have examined shifts in salamander occupancy or abundance following timber harvest, few examine sublethal effects such as changes in growth and demography. To examine the effect of upland harvesting on growth of the stream‐associated Ouachita dusky salamander (Desmognathus brimleyorum), we used capture–mark–recapture over three years at three headwater streams embedded in intensely managed pine forests in west‐central Arkansas. The pine stands surrounding two of the streams were harvested, with retention of a 14‐ and 21‐m‐wide forested stream buffer on each side of the stream, whereas the third stream was an unharvested control. At the two treatment sites, measurements of newly metamorphosed salamanders were on average 4.0 and 5.7 mm larger post‐harvest compared with pre‐harvest. We next assessed the influence of timber harvest on growth of post‐metamorphic salamanders with a hierarchical von Bertalanffy growth model that included an effect of harvest on growth rate. Using measurements from 839 individualD.brimleyorumrecaptured between 1 and 6 times (total captures,n = 1229), we found growth rates to be 40% higher post‐harvest. Our study is among the first to examine responses of individual stream salamanders to timber harvesting, and we discuss mechanisms that may be responsible for observed shifts in growth. Our results suggest timber harvest that includes retention of a riparian buffer (i.e., streamside management zone) may have short‐term positive effects on juvenile stream salamander growth, potentially offsetting negative sublethal effects associated with harvest.
Single‐cell resolution of plasma cell fate programming in health and disease
Authors: Delaloy Céline , Schuh Wolfgang , Jäck Hans‐Martin , Bonaud Amélie , Espéli Marion
Published: October 2021

Long considered a homogeneous population dedicated to antibody secretion, plasma cell phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is increasingly recognized. Plasma cells were first segregated based on their maturation level, but the complexity of this subset might well be underestimated by this simple dichotomy. Indeed, in the last decade new functions have been attributed to plasma cells including but not limited to cytokine secretion. However, a proper characterization of plasma cell heterogeneity has remained elusive partly due to technical issues and cellular features that are specific to this cell type. Cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic signals could be at the origin of this heterogeneity. Recent advances in technologies such as single cell RNA‐seq, ATAC‐seq, or ChIP‐seq on low cell numbers helped to elucidate the fate decision in other cell lineages and similar approaches could be implemented to evaluate the heterogeneous fate of activated B cells in health and disease. Here, we summarized published work shedding some lights on the stimuli and genetic program shaping B‐cell terminal differentiation at the single cell level in mice and men. We also discuss the fate and heterogeneity of plasma cells during immune responses, vaccination, and in the frame of human plasma cell disorders.
The Utilization of Para‐Substituted Triphenylphosphine Derivatives to Synthesize Highly Emissive Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Shahsavari Hamid R. , Chamyani Samira , Hu Jiyun , Aghakhanpour Reza Babadi , Rheingold Arnold L. , Paziresh Sareh , Rahal Dania , Tsuji Miu , Momand Bilal , Beyzavi Hudson
Published: October 2021

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a series of heteroleptic cycloplatinated(II) complexes [Pt(p‐MeC6H4)(dfppy)(L)], dfppy=2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridinate), with different para‐substituted triphenylphosphine ligands (L) are reported. The complexes exhibit greenish‐blue phosphorescence under UV light at room temperature in their solid states. Their emissions appear as structured bands which indicates that the emissions mainly originate from the electronic transitions in the dfppy ligand with small contribution of metal to ligand and/or ligand to ligand charge transfers. The phosphine ligands do not have a considerable impact on the shape and wavelength of the emissions. However, the electron density of the phosphine ligands affects the emission strengths significantly. To rationalize the experimental photophysical data, density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations were employed for all the complexes.
Graphene Nanocomposites Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Simultaneous Detection of Multi‐drugs
Authors: Pham Tien Song Hiep , Hasegawa Shinichi , Mahon Peter , Guérin Katia , Dubois Marc , Yu Aimin
Published: October 2021

Three reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were employed to achieve the simultaneous electrochemical determination of multi‐drugs including acetaminophen (ACTM), carbendazim (CB) and ciprofloxacin (CFX). All nanocomposite modified electrodes showed improved current responses for three drugs. Notably cauliflower‐like platinum nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (or Pt−RGO/GCE) exhibited the best performance in terms of electrochemical stability. Using Pt−RGO/GCE, the linear detect ranges of 30–120 μM, 25–115 μM and 10–25 μM, and detection limit values of 3.49, 2.96, and 1.53 μM were achieved for ACTM, CB and CFX respectively. The electrode was further used for the successful determination of above drugs in tap and river water using differential pulse voltammetry. From the obtained results, we believe that Pt‐RGO/GCE is highly promising for the fabrication of robust electrochemical sensors for simultaneously determining ACTM, CB and CFX or similar types of drugs in the future.
Non‐invasive and non‐destructive Raman spectroscopic characterization of some Brazilian ethnographic resins
Authors: de Faria Dalva L. A. , Maier Marta S. , Parera Sara D. , Afonso Marisa C. , Lima Silvia C. , Edwards Howell G. M.
Published: October 2021

The chemical investigation of museum collection items can provide key information on the provenance and technical aspects involved in their production and, additionally, can help in the establishment of restoration and conservation strategies of rare or valuable assets. Natural organic materials are challenging because of their chemical complexity and expected degradation. In this work, eight ethnographic resins from different sites in the Amazon and central areas in Brazil were studied by FT‐Raman spectroscopy aiming at the non‐invasive and non‐destructive identification of their chemical composition; chromatographic methods (Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry—TLC and GC‐MS, respectively) were used as destructive confirmatory techniques. The samples were classified into five groups, each one presenting a common set of spectroscopic features: diterpenoid resins with chemical composition similar to the Brazil copal in some cases with carotenoids in their composition as did the triterpenoid resins also identified. Additionally, two gums (polysaccharides) were detected, and two very dark samples only generated a thermal or a luminescent background (1064 and 632.8 nm excitation, respectively). Total ion current (TIC) chromatograms from these very dark samples only showed peaks assigned to fatty acids probably because the resinous compounds were not soluble in the solvent used in GC‐MS analysis. These results show that resin‐containing museum assets in the Brazilian ethnographic context can be studied directly by Raman spectroscopy, contributing to a better understand of the culture of indigenous peoples from resin provenance, uses and processing for example. The results will be used as a database to be compared with certified reference samples, when available.
HPV‐Positive Status Is an Independent Factor Associated With Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Recurrence
Authors: Viitasalo Sanna , Ilmarinen Taru , Lilja Markus , Hytönen Maija , Hammarén‐Malmi Sari , Auvinen Eeva , Hagström Jaana , Dillner Joakim , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The present study aimed to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) occurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP), and to assess factors associated with HPV positivity and SNIP recurrence.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Methods

We prospectively collected clinical data and fresh tissue specimens from 90 consecutive patients treated for SNIP at Helsinki University Hospital, between 2015 and 2019. Fourteen patients with recurrent SNIP underwent repeated tumor sampling. All tissue specimens were analyzed for the presence of HPV. Factors associated with SNIP recurrence and HPV positivity were assessed.

Results

Among 107 SNIP specimens, 14 (13.1%) were positive for low‐risk HPV and 6 (5.6%) were positive for high‐risk HPV. HPV positivity was associated with an increased risk of recurrence (P = .004). Smoking was significantly associated with HPV positivity in SNIP (P = .01), but a history of HPV‐related diseases or patient sexual habits did not correlate with HPV positivity. The recurrence rate was lower among patients with SNIP that underwent an attachment‐oriented resection, compared to patients treated without attachment‐oriented resections (78.6% vs 25.8%, P < .001).

Conclusions

The risk of SNIP recurrence was highly associated with 1) HPV positivity and 2) surgery without an attachment‐oriented resection. Oncogenic HPV was rare in SNIP.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1714–1718, 2022
Different forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus influence ecosystem stoichiometry in a north temperate river across seasons and land uses
Authors: Shousha Stéphanie , Maranger Roxane , Lapierre Jean‐François
Published: October 2021

Natural and human features on land result in differential loadings of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to rivers that influence within ecosystem processing. However, little is known about how land use, together with seasonal changes in climate and hydrology, influence the relative proportions of C, N, and P in rivers. To evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns in ecosystem‐level C: N: P stoichiometry, we sampled 13 sites once per season for 3 yr along the main stem of a north temperate river with winter ice‐cover that flows across a gradient of forested, urban, and agricultural landscapes. We found that C concentrations were rather stable along the continuum, whereas N and P rapidly increased downstream due to urban and agricultural land uses. The flow‐weighted C: N: P ecosystem stoichiometry ranged from 2319: 119: 1 in the most upstream site to 368: 60: 1 at the outlet. The dominant form of N generally shifted from dissolved organic nitrogen in upstream forested reaches to nitrate in more impacted, downstream reaches, and winter stoichiometry was enriched in inorganic N and dissolved P forms. Concentrations of all three elements were generally lower in spring during year‐high flow due to dilution. The spatial and temporal variation in stoichiometry in this north temperate river covered much of the range previously observed between litter ratios and the Redfield ratio. This suggests that even moderate human impacts can have profound effects on riverine ecosystem stoichiometry, and that these effects are modulated by seasonal trends in temperature and hydrology.
Simulation of viscoelastic Cosserat rods based on the geometrically exact dynamics of special Euclidean strands
Authors: Giusteri Giulio G. , Miglio Edie , Parolini Nicola , Penati Mattia , Zambetti Raffaello
Published: October 2021

We propose a method for the description and simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of slender structures modeled as Cosserat rods. It is based on interpreting the strains and the generalized velocities of the cross sections as basic variables and elements of the special Euclidean algebra. This perspective emerges naturally from the evolution equations for strands, that are one‐dimensional submanifolds, of the special Euclidean group. The discretization of the corresponding equations for the three‐dimensional motion of a Cosserat rod is performed, in space, by using a staggered grid. The time evolution is then approximated with a semi‐implicit method. Within this approach, we can easily include dissipative effects due to both the action of external forces and the presence of internal mechanical dissipation. The comparison with results obtained with different schemes shows the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is able to provide very good predictions of nonlinear dynamical effects and shows competitive computation times also as an energy‐minimizing method to treat static problems.
Effect of new nonionic curing agent on curing kinetics and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Chai Hui , Wang Xinhua , Yang Xuyun , Meng Tao , Cheng Yiqi , Ur Rehman Waheed
Published: October 2021

The current research work presents a novel nonionic curing agent (AEDA) synthesized by utilizing ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), 3,4‐dimethoxyaniline (DI), and triethylenetetramine (TETA). Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of AEDA curing agent. Non‐isothermal scanning calorimetry was used to determine the activation energy and curing conditions of epoxy resin in the curing process. An impact testing machine, a tensile testing machine and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the impact strength, tensile strength, bending strength, and micromorphology of the AEDA/E‐51 system with different mass ratios. The results show that AEDA is an effective high‐temperature curing agent. For the AEDA/E‐51 system with the optimal mass ratio of 10:100, the best curing temperature is 92.15°C, and the post‐curing temperature is 135.65°C. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy (Ea) of 1670 J/mol, the pre‐exponential factor (A) of 3.7 × 10−4, and the reaction series (n) value of 0.76 are obtained for the AEDA/E‐51 system. The impact strength of AEDA/E‐51 epoxy resin polymer is 7.82 kJ/m2, tensile strength is 14.2 MPa, and bending strength is 18.92 MPa. The micromorphological results of the AEDA/E‐51 system are consistent with the results of DSC test and mechanical properties test. Hence, this study provides theoretical support for the practical applications of AEDA as curing agent.
Inkjet‐Printed MoS2 Transistors with Predominantly Intraflake Transport
Authors: Mondal Sandeep K. , Biswas Ananya , Pradhan Jyoti R. , Dasgupta Subho
Published: October 2021

2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show a rare combination of physical properties that include a large‐enough bandgap to ensure sufficient current modulation in transistors, matching electron and hole mobility for complimentary logic operation, and sufficient mechanical flexibility of the nanosheets. Moreover, the solvent‐exfoliated TMD‐nanosheets may also be processed at low temperatures and onto a wide variety of substrates. However, the poor inter‐flake transport in solution‐cast 2D‐TMD network transistors hinders the realization of high device mobility and current modulations that the intraflake transistors can regularly demonstrate. In this regard, fully printed and electrolyte‐gated, narrow‐channel MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) with simultaneous high current saturation (>310 µA µm−1) and on–off ratio (>106) are proposed here. The transport limitation is overcome by printing an additional metal layer onto the 2D‐TMD nanosheet channel, which substantially shortens the effective channel lengths and results in predominant intraflake transport. In addition, a channel‐capacitance‐modulation induced subthermionic transport is recorded, which leads to a subthreshold slope value as low as 7.5 mV dec−1. On the other hand, thermionic MOSFETs and fully printed depletion‐mode NMOS inverters are also presented. The demonstrated generic approach involving chemically exfoliated nanosheet inks and the absolute device yield indicates the feasibility of fully printed 2D‐TMD electronics.
High power density at low electric fields in dopamine modified barium titanate based poly(arylene ether nitrile) based composites
Authors: Yu Zhengpeng , Zeng Jingjing , Tang Jingyuan , Li Yu , Jin Tingting , Zeng Benlan , Wei Xianhua , Liu Jingsong , Pu Linyu , Huang Xu
Published: October 2021

Owing to their excellent dielectric properties and energy storage performance, polymer‐based composites have shown great potential in the application of pulse energy storage capacitors and electrostatic capacitors. In this study, BaTiO3 (BT) particles with different sizes were modified with dopamine to prepare core–shell structured BT particles (PDA@BT), and then the poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN)‐based PDA@BT/PEN composites were prepared. As a common biological material, dopamine has a variety of functional groups which can be used to improve the compatibility between the fillers and the matrix. Moreover, the movement of the carriers at the interface of the composites is limited and the loss is reduced. The composites with an optimized filler size illustrate a high energy density of 1.37 J/cm3 at 160 kV/mm, which nearly reaches up to the energy density of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) at low electric field. In addition, the composites have the superior power density of 1.88 MW/cm3 with a fast discharge time of 0.138 μs.
Attending to the social–political dimensions of urban flooding in decision‐support research: A synthesis of contemporary empirical cases
Authors: Eakin Hallie C. , Parajuli Jagadish , Hernández Aguilar Bertha , Yogya Yamini
Published: October 2021

Public adaptation decision‐making entails a negotiation of disparate perspectives on risk, harm, and value in relation to understanding impacts, as well as in choosing among alternative adaptation strategies. Public adaptation decisions impact the distribution of resources and risk and thus, while not always acknowledged, such decisions are inherently social and political, with implications for equity and justice. We synthesize insights from 128 empirical case studies of processes of public decision‐making pertaining to infrastructural flood risk adaptation in urban areas. We focus on urban flood risk adaptation efforts because of the growing threat of flooding in urban areas globally, the technical orientation of such investments and the social equity issues associated with urban flood exposure and response. We explore the assumptions about the decision criteria and decision‐support needs presented in this research. And we document the extent to which these studies incorporate sources of knowledge on the social dimensions of flood impacts, consider social and political criteria in evaluating intervention strategies and account for issues of equity and justice in the adaptation process. We conclude with a discussion on the potential obstacles in the research community for deeper engagement with the social and political dimensions of adaptation decision support, and ways to address such obstacles.

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain
Authors: Shahbazi Sasha , van Loon Patricia , Kurdve Martin , Johansson Mats
Published: October 2021

Material efficiency in manufacturing is an enabler of circular economy and captures value in industry through decreasing the amount of material used to produce one unit of output, generating less waste per output and improving waste segregation and management. However, material types and fractions play an important role in successfulness of recycling initiatives. This study investigates two main fractions in automotive industry, namely, metal and plastic. For both material flows, information availability and standards and regulations are pivotal to increase segregation, optimize the collection and obtain the highest possible circulation rates with high quality of recyclables. This paper presents and compares the current information flows and standards and regulations of metals and plastics in the automotive value chain.
A Life Cycle-Based Scenario Analysis Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management
Authors: Istrate Ioan-Robert , Gálvez-Martos José-Luis , Dufour Javier
Published: October 2021

A framework for the systematic analysis of the material flows and the life cycle environmental performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios is described in this article. This framework is capable of predicting the response of waste treatment processes to the changes in waste streams composition that inevitably arise in MSW management systems. The fundamental idea is that the inputs (raw materials and energy) and outputs (final products, emissions, etc.) into/from treatment processes are previously allocated to the specific waste materials contained in the input waste stream. Aggregated indicators like life cycle environmental impacts can then be allocated to waste materials, allowing systematic scenario analyses. The framework is generic and flexible, and can easily be adapted to other types of assessments, such as economic analysis and optimization.
Recent Advances on Reachability Problems for Valence Systems (Invited Talk)
Authors: Zetzsche Georg
Published: October 2021

Valence systems are an abstract model of computation that consists of a finite-state control and some storage mechanism. In contrast to traditional models, the storage mechanism is not fixed, but given as a parameter. This allows us to precisely state questions like: For which storage mechanisms is the reachability problem decidable?

This survey reports on recent results that aim to understand the impact of the storage mechanism on decidability and complexity of several variants of the reachability problem. The considered problems are configuration reachability, model-checking first-order logic with reachability, and reachability under bounded context switching and scope-boundedness.
BCJ amplitude relations for Anti-de Sitter boundary correlators in embedding space
Authors: Diwakar Pranav , Herderschee Aidan , Roiban Radu , Teng Fei
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We generalize the color/kinematics duality of flat-space scattering amplitudes to the embedding space formulation of AdS boundary correlators. Kinematic numerators and propagators are replaced with differential operators acting on a scalar contact diagram that is the AdS generalization of the momentum conserving delta function of flat space scattering amplitudes. We show that color/kinematics duality implies differential relations among AdS boundary correlators that naturally generalize the flat space BCJ amplitude relations and verify them for the correlators of Yang-Mills theory and of the Nonlinear Sigma Model through four- and six-points, respectively. For the latter we also find representations of the four- and six-point correlator that manifest the duality. Possible double-copy procedures in AdS space are also discussed.