bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knee landmarks detection via deep learning for automatic imaging evaluation of trochlear dysplasia and patellar height
Authors: Barbosa Roberto M. , Serrador Luís , da Silva Manuel Vieira , Macedo Carlos Sampaio , Santos Cristina P.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To develop and validate a deep learning–based approach to automatically measure the patellofemoral instability (PFI) indices related to patellar height and trochlear dysplasia in knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Methods

A total of 763 knee MRI slices from 95 patients were included in the study, and 3393 anatomical landmarks were annotated for measuring sulcus angle (SA), trochlear facet asymmetry (TFA), trochlear groove depth (TGD) and lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) to assess trochlear dysplasia, and Insall-Salvati index (ISI), modified Insall-Salvati index (MISI), Caton Deschamps index (CDI) and patellotrochlear index (PTI) to assess patellar height. A U-Net based network was implemented to predict the landmarks’ locations. The successful detection rate (SDR) and the mean absolute error (MAE) evaluation metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the network. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also used to evaluate the reliability of the proposed framework to measure the mentioned PFI indices.

Results

The developed models achieved good accuracy in predicting the landmarks’ locations, with a maximum value for the MAE of 1.38 ± 0.76 mm. The results show that LTI, TGD, ISI, CDI and PTI can be measured with excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9), and SA, TFA and MISI can be measured with good reliability (ICC > 0.75), with the proposed framework.

Conclusions

This study proposes a reliable approach with promising applicability for automatic patellar height and trochlear dysplasia assessment, assisting the radiologists in their clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement

The objective knee landmarks detection on MRI images provided by artificial intelligence may improve the reproducibility and reliability of the imaging evaluation of trochlear anatomy and patellar height, assisting radiologists in their clinical practice in the patellofemoral instability assessment.

Key Points

• Imaging evaluation of patellofemoral instability is subjective and vulnerable to substantial intra and interobserver variability.

• Patellar height and trochlear dysplasia are reliably assessed in MRI by means of artificial intelligence (AI).

• The developed AI framework provides an objective evaluation of patellar height and trochlear dysplasia enhancing the clinical practice of the radiologists.
Dorm augmented college assignments
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oǧuz
Published: February 2024

In college assignments, a common practice is that students receive their dorm allocation after the realization of college placements. This causes wasted resources and unfair allocation. To fix this, we consider a college assignment problem where students simultaneously receive their college and dorm assignments. We first introduce the so-called “Dorm Augmented Deferred Acceptance” (DDA) and show that it is stable and efficient. However, it is not student-optimal stable. We then introduce our next mechanism, “Student-Improving Dorm Augmented Deferred Acceptance” (SDDA). It is mainly built on DDA, but with some extra steps to neutralize the student-harming rejection cycles. We show that SDDA is student-optimal stable, efficient, and unanimously preferred to DDA by students. Stability and strategy-proofness are incompatible, implying that neither of these mechanisms is strategy-proof. None of these mechanisms is more manipulable than the other; hence SDDA improves the students’ welfare without an extra strategic cost.
Hippocampal sclerosis is associated with celiac disease type immunity in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Peltola Maria , Kaukinen Katri , Basnyat Pabitra , Raitanen Jani , Haimila Katri , Liimatainen Suvi , Rainesalo Sirpa , Peltola Jukka
Published: February 2024

Background

A prior small-scale single center study suggested an association between celiac disease (CD)-type immunity and refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). The present study addresses this putative association in a large, well-characterized group of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients. These patients were grouped based on the spectrum of CD and gluten sensitivity-associated antibodies.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 253 consecutive adult epilepsy patients (135 females, 118 males; age 16–76 years) were categorized into three groups: (i) CD-positive group with either prior diagnosis of CD or CD-specific TG2/EmA antibodies, (ii) AGA-positive group with antigliadin antibodies (AGA) but without CD, and (iii) CD/AGA-negative group without any gluten sensitivity-associated antibodies or CD. Clinical and immunological findings were then compared among the groups.

Results

TLE with HS was more common in the CD-positive group compared to CD/AGA-negative group (31.8% versus 11.9%, P = 0.019). Autoimmune disorders were more common in the AGA-positive group than in the CD/AGA-negative group (P = 0.025). Considering HS lateralization; left lateralization was more common in CD-positive group compared to CD/AGA-negative group (71.4% versus 25%, P = 0.030). TG6 seropositivity did not differ among the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study provides further evidence linking TLE with HS and CD-type autoimmunity suggesting that CD-type immune response to gluten can be one potential mechanism as a disease modifier leading to DRE and HS. Understanding these immunological factors is imperative for developing immunomodulatory or dietary treatments for DRE potentially preventing HS progression.
Reduction and recovery of self-sustained muscle activity after fatiguing plantar flexor contractions
Authors: Blazevich Anthony J. , Mesquita Ricardo N. O. , Pinto Ronei S. , Pulverenti Timothy , Ratel Sébastien
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Persistent inward calcium and sodium currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation and maintenance of motoneuron firing, and thus muscular force. However, there is a lack of data describing the effects of fatiguing exercise on PIC activity in humans. We simultaneously applied tendon vibration and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (VibStim) before and after fatiguing exercise. VibStim induces self-sustained muscle activity that is proposed to result from PIC activation.

Methods

Twelve men performed 5-s maximal isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVC) with 5-s rests until joint torque was reduced to 70%MVC. VibStim trials consisted of five 2-s trains of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (20 Hz, evoking 10% MVC) of triceps surae with simultaneous Achilles tendon vibration (115 Hz) without voluntary muscle activation. VibStim was applied before (PRE), immediately (POST), 5-min (POST-5), and 10-min (POST-10) after exercise completion.

Results

Sustained torque (Tsust) and soleus electromyogram amplitudes (EMG) measured 3 s after VibStim were reduced (Tsust: −59.0%, p < 0.001; soleus EMG: −38.4%, p < 0.001) but largely recovered by POST-5, and changes in MVC and Tsust were correlated across the four time points (r = 0.69; p < 0.001). After normalisation to values obtained at the end of the vibration phase to control for changes in fibre-specific force and EMG signal characteristics, decreases in Tsust (−42.9%) and soleus EMG (−22.6%) remained significant and were each correlated with loss and recovery of MVC (r = 0.41 and 0.46, respectively).

Conclusion

The parallel changes observed in evoked self-sustained muscle activity and force generation capacity provide motivation for future examinations on the potential influence of fatigue-induced PIC changes on motoneuron output.
Recent advances in acid sensing by G protein coupled receptors
Authors: Glitsch Maike D.
Published: February 2024

Changes in extracellular proton concentrations occur in a variety of tissues over a range of timescales under physiological conditions and also accompany virtually all pathologies, notably cancers, stroke, inflammation and trauma. Proton-activated, G protein coupled receptors are already partially active at physiological extracellular proton concentrations and their activity increases with rising proton concentrations. Their ability to monitor and report changes in extracellular proton concentrations and hence extracellular pH appears to be involved in a variety of processes, and it is likely to mirror and in some cases promote disease progression. Unsurprisingly, therefore, these pH-sensing receptors (pHR) receive increasing attention from researchers working in an expanding range of research areas, from cellular neurophysiology to systemic inflammatory processes. This review is looking at progress made in the field of pHRs over the past few years and also highlights outstanding issues.
The $$L^p$$-Fisher–Rao metric and Amari–C̆encov $$\alpha $$-Connections
Authors: Bauer Martin , Le Brigant Alice , Lu Yuxiu , Maor Cy
Published: February 2024

We introduce a family of Finsler metrics, called the $$L^p$$

L
p

-Fisher–Rao metrics $$F_p$$

F
p

, for $$p\in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, which generalizes the classical Fisher–Rao metric $$F_2$$

F
2

, both on the space of densities $${\text {Dens}}_+(M)$$

Dens
+

(
M
)

and probability densities $${\text {Prob}}(M)$$

Prob
(
M
)

. We then study their relations to the Amari–C̆encov $$\alpha $$
α
-connections $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

from information geometry: on $${\text {Dens}}_+(M)$$

Dens
+

(
M
)

, the geodesic equations of $$F_p$$

F
p

and $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

coincide, for $$p = 2/(1-\alpha )$$

p
=
2
/
(
1
-
α
)

. Both are pullbacks of canonical constructions on $$L^p(M)$$

L
p

(
M
)

, in which geodesics are simply straight lines. In particular, this gives a new variational interpretation of $$\alpha $$
α
-geodesics as being energy minimizing curves. On $${\text {Prob}}(M)$$

Prob
(
M
)

, the $$F_p$$

F
p

and $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

geodesics can still be thought as pullbacks of natural operations on the unit sphere in $$L^p(M)$$

L
p

(
M
)

, but in this case they no longer coincide unless $$p=2$$

p
=
2

. Using this transformation, we solve the geodesic equation of the $$\alpha $$
α
-connection by showing that the geodesic are pullbacks of projections of straight lines onto the unit sphere, and they always cease to exists after finite time when they leave the positive part of the sphere. This unveils the geometric structure of solutions to the generalized Proudman–Johnson equations, and generalizes them to higher dimensions. In addition, we calculate the associate tensors of $$F_p$$

F
p

, and study their relation to $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

.
Multiple central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: diagnostic signposts of Noonan syndrome and RASopathy
Authors: Friedrich Reinhard E. , Rutkowski Rico , Gosau Martin
Published: February 2024

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a phenotypically variable inherited multi-system disorder. Maxillofacial findings can be diagnostic, especially in the evaluation of discrete facial dysmorphia. Diagnostic landmark findings of therapeutic relevance for the jaws such as central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) are rare in NS. However, recent molecular genetic studies indicate that these rare, benign lesions are neoplasms and more common in specific syndromes grouped under the umbrella term RASopathies. A specialist surgical diagnosis can be helpful in identifying the underlying disease. This report outlines diagnosis and treatment of a case of CGCG for which jaw diagnosis became the key to identifying a syndromic disease.
Prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology in mandibular premolars among a selected Southern Egyptian sub-population: a CBCT-analysis
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed , Elmesellawy Maii Youssef , Schäfer Edgar
Published: February 2024

The mandibular premolars can pose a significant challenge in root canal treatment due to their complex canal system. This study investigated the prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a selected Egyptian sub-population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). 283 CBCT scans (131 males, 152 females, age 18–70) included 1132 mandibular premolars (566 first, and 566 second premolars) were viewed for incidences ofvariation in root numbers and canal configuration according to Vertucci’s classification. CBCT images were assessed by two endodontists, data were statistically analyzed using Fisher exact and Chi-square tests. The majority of first premolars (85.7%) exhibited a single root, whereas 14.7% had 2 roots with a significantly higher frequency in males (19.8%) than in females (9.5%) (P < .05). The most prevalent type was type I (57.8%), followed by type V (21.7%), while types II and VII made up only 1%. Types V and III were more prevalent among females, while males had a higher prevalence of types I and IV. In 2.5% of cases, mandibular second premolars were found to have 2 roots, with a higher incidence in males (P < .05). Type I canals were significantly more prevalent (90.8%) than other types, followed by type V (5.3%) (P < .05). A statistically significant gender correlation was found regarding root number and canal configuration. It is not uncommon to find mandibular first premolars with two roots in the southern Egyptian population, particularly in males. These observations may be valuable for dentists who treat Southern Egyptians, in Egypt and other countries.
Enabling the Galileo high accuracy service with open-source software: integration of HASlib and RTKLIB
Authors: Prol Fabricio S. , Kirkko-Jaakkola Martti , Horst Oliver , Malkamäki Tuomo , Bhuiyan M. Zahidul H. , Kaasalainen Sanna , Fernández-Hernández Ignacio
Published: February 2024

The Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) is a free-of-charge service designed to deliver decimeter-level accuracy in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) applications using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). With the intention of facilitating the use of HAS corrections with open access tools, we present the open-source library named HASlib and its integration with another open-source library named RTKLIB. HASlib decodes the Reed–Solomon encoded Galileo E6 navigation data pages and outputs the corrections in commonly used formats. This enables the utilization of HAS with conventional GNSS receivers and PPP engines that lack native support for HAS formats. For instance, the outputs from HASlib enable the use of HAS corrections in RTKLIB. In order to validate this integration, we demonstrate that HAS can allow decimeter-level accuracy using only free-of-charge services and tools. We have obtained a 3D root mean square error below 20 cm (1 sigma) after a convergence time of 10–90 min in Finland. This accuracy has overcome classical real-time solutions with broadcast and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) data by one order of magnitude. Compared to post-processed multi-GNSS PPP, HAS corrections required longer convergence times, given the real-time nature. Furthermore, our assessment revealed that the longer convergence time, compared to prior literature, was attributed to RTKLIB filtering procedure and geometry deficiencies in high latitudes. Nevertheless, once convergence was attained, a sub-decimeter level of accuracy was observed in both horizontal and vertical components. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Galileo HAS, HASlib, and RTKLIB as powerful tools for providing open-access to real-time PPP solutions.
Gene selection for high dimensional biological datasets using hybrid island binary artificial bee colony with chaos game optimization
Authors: Nssibi Maha , Manita Ghaith , Chhabra Amit , Mirjalili Seyedali , Korbaa Ouajdi
Published: February 2024

Microarray technology, as applied to the fields of bioinformatics, biotechnology, and bioengineering, has made remarkable progress in both the treatment and prediction of many biological problems. However, this technology presents a critical challenge due to the size of the numerous genes present in the high-dimensional biological datasets associated with an experiment, which leads to a curse of dimensionality on biological data. Such high dimensionality of real biological data sets not only increases memory requirements and training costs, but also reduces the ability of learning algorithms to generalise. Consequently, multiple feature selection (FS) methods have been proposed by researchers to choose the most significant and precise subset of classified genes from gene expression datasets while maintaining high classification accuracy. In this research work, a novel binary method called iBABC-CGO based on the island model of the artificial bee colony algorithm, combined with the chaos game optimization algorithm and SVM classifier, is suggested for FS problems using gene expression data. Due to the binary nature of FS problems, two distinct transfer functions are employed for converting the continuous search space into a binary one, thus improving the efficiency of the exploration and exploitation phases. The suggested strategy is tested on a variety of biological datasets with different scales and compared to popular metaheuristic-based, filter-based, and hybrid FS methods. Experimental results supplemented with the statistical measures, box plots, Wilcoxon tests, Friedman tests, and radar plots demonstrate that compared to prior methods, the proposed iBABC-CGO exhibit competitive performance in terms of classification accuracy, selection of the most relevant subset of genes, data variability, and convergence rate. The suggested method is also proven to identify unique sets of informative, relevant genes successfully with the highest overall average accuracy in 15 tested biological datasets. Additionally, the biological interpretations of the selected genes by the proposed method are also provided in our research work.
Larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils on the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu lato) with description of new larval repellent activity test method
Authors: Koc Samed , Gultekin Zeynep Nur , Kahraman Sevval , Cengiz Aysegul , Polat Burak , Caliskan Cansu , Tufan-Cetin Ozge , Cetin Huseyin
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research was to investigate the larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils (EOs) obtained from two Lamiaceae plant species, Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis and Dorystoechas hastata Boiss. & Heldr. ex Bentham, both endemic to Turkey, on Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae). The study also introduces a new test method that can be used to assess the repellent effects against ticks. Both plant EOs exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against brown dog tick larvae after 24 h and LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 0.101% and 0.125% for O. minutiflorum essential oil and 0.937% and 2.1% for D. hastata essential oil, respectively. In this study, we have described a detailed protocol for a novel larval repellent activity test (LRAT) for essential oils and extracts, using simple equipment. The advantages and limitations of LRAT, when compared to other tests commonly used to determine repellent effect against ticks, are also included in this study. The LRAT was developed with modifications of the larval immersion test (LIT) and proves to be a highly efficient and easily observable method. It can be used to test any active substance that may be toxic to humans and animals. According to the LRAT, at the end of 3 h, O. minutiflorum essential oil showed a high repellent effect, varying between 84.14% and 100% at 1% concentration. This result was not statistically different from the DEET, the positive control. When comparing the larvicidal and repellent activities, O. minutiflorum essential oil was found to be more effective than D. hastata essential oil.
The usefulness of computer skills for enhanced teaching and learning among lecturers in an open distance e-learning (ODEL) environment
Authors: Enakrire Rexwhite Tega
Published: February 2024

This study reports on the usefulness of computer skills for enhanced teaching and learning among lecturers in an open-distance e-learning (ODEL) environment. Computer skills have become fundamental due to increasing new technological tools of web-based management systems, laptops, digital tablets, learning management systems, webinars, and the applications of Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and WhatsApp manufactured daily. The quantitative research approach was employed in this study where data was collected through an online questionnaire from respondents in two ODEL institutions. The purposive and snowball sampling technique was applied to enable reaching out to lecturers with whom the author has contact in the two ODEL institutions. First, the author purposively approach those in his contacts, before requesting those lecturers he contacted to help spread the good news of his research investigation to other of their contacts. The study sampled 80 lecturers from both countries’ ODEL institutions leading to sending out 80 copies of the online questionnaire to the lecturers. Of the 80 online questionnaires sent, only 50 were received. The results obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel presented in frequency and percentage. Findings reveal that the purpose of computer skills is to enhance teaching and learning among Lecturers in the ODEL environment between the country’s institutions. Exposition to programming languages and applications, ability to navigate within the online platform, use of communication/networking tools of social media of Facebook, Twitter, and teleconferencing tools of Zoom, Skype, Webinar, Webcast, Teams, WhatsApp) were profoundly enabled through computer skills. Findings further indicate that computer skills have influenced lecturers for personal development in multifarious ways, user experience, memory usage, and storage of information, ease students grading, and developing course materials, facilitate instructional delivery of courses/modules taught at a geometric progression, and support lecturers using the asynchronous and synchronous method in teaching and learning. Based on the findings, the study recommends upskilling lecturers to advance their knowledge in computer skills through continual use of new technologies for better and quality services in teaching and learning to meet students’ information needs.
A Rapid Numerical Method for the Mullins–Sekerka Flow with Application to Contact Angle Problems
Authors: Eto Tokuhiro
Published: February 2024

The Mullins–Sekerka problem is numerically solved in $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

with the aid of the charge simulation method. This is an expansion of the numerical scheme by which Sakakibara and Yazaki computed the Hele–Shaw flow. We investigate a relationship among a time step, the number of collocation points and the position of singular points to ensure that the length of the generated approximate polygonal curves gradually decreases. We propose a new benchmark function for the Mullins–Sekerka flow to confirm that the scheme works well. Moreover, by changing the fundamental solutions of the charge simulation method, we are successful to establish a numerical scheme that can be used to treat the Mullins–Sekerka problem with the contact angle condition.
When do firms learn? Learning before versus after exporting
Authors: Vendrell-Herrero Ferran , Gomes Emanuel , Darko Christian K. , Lehman David W.
Published: February 2024

Organizational learning begins with experience. However, it remains an open question whether firms learn from a particular type of experience: exporting. This study aims to speak into this debate by examining when learning by exporting occurs. Our core thesis is that the timing of learning by exporting depends on a firm’s home market economic development. Drawing on classic theories of organizational learning, we posit that firms in more developed home markets will enjoy greater opportunities for learning before exporting whereas firms in less developed home markets will enjoy greater opportunities for learning after exporting. The former will be observed as a divergence in productivity among firms from different home markets, whereas the latter will be observed as convergence over time. The proposed hypotheses were tested and supported using longitudinal data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. A range of theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Humorous Responses to Gender Injustice: The Contrasting Effects of Efficacy and Emotions on Women’s Collective Action Intentions
Authors: Cohen-Chen Smadar , Dhensa-Kahlon Rashpal K. , Hameiri Boaz
Published: February 2024

Research has shown that subversive humor may be used to challenge existing societal hierarchies by confronting people with prejudice. Expanding on this literature, we hypothesized that humor would create two simultaneous and offsetting psychological mechanisms: increasing collective action motivation by signaling speaker power and inspiring efficacy and decreasing collective action motivation by reducing negative emotions towards men as the powerful group. We tested our hypotheses in two experiments, conducted among self-identified women. Study 1 (N = 374) compared videos featuring a comedian (subversive humor vs. non-humor vs. unrelated humor) and Study 2 (N = 224) utilized vignettes depicting a woman’s response to a sexist workplace interaction (subversive humor vs. non-humor vs. amenable response). Subversive humor (vs. unrelated humor/amenable response) increased group efficacy and subsequently collective action intentions. Simultaneously, and as an offsetting mechanism, subversive humor (compared to non-humor) reduced negative emotions toward men and subsequently lowered collective action intentions. Our results call into question the efficaciousness of humor responses to inspire women observers toward collective action for gender equality and emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of humor as a tool to promote action for equality.
Sulfur Signature of a Mediterranean Wetland: The Case of Soils of the Inundated Floodplain Area at the Tablas de Daimiel National Park
Authors: Jiménez-Ballesta Raimundo , Mejias Miguel , Bravo Sandra , Amorós Jose A. , Pérez Caridad , García-Navarro Francisco J.
Published: February 2024

In the Mediterranean region, numerous wetlands co-exist with competitive agricultural systems. Although wetlands’ hydrology (in water volume, source, and residence time terms) plays a major factor in their ecosystem structure, many of these wetlands have been subjected to different degradation processes. One such case is the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP), which witnesses one of its most environmentally sensitive times. In this context, scarce information is available on the sulfur (S) contents in this wetland. To diagnose this wetland’s degradation status, 43 soil samples were selected and analyzed to investigate S contents in the surface soils (0 to 30 cm) of the inundated floodplain area of the TDNP. They represent different degrees of exposure to pollutants and exposure to flooding. Sulfur determination was carried out by X-ray fluorescence. The S contents in the area range between 1.85 and 37.15 g kg−1, with a mean value of 13.71 g kg−1, which implies marked variability throughout this wetland. The highest values were observed near the wetland entrance via the Gigüela River, while the lowest ones appeared at its exit, with a relatively uniform gradient from the entrance to the exit. The relatively high S concentrations observed at sites other than the wetland entrance can be probably related to the continuous non-point source contamination with P, N, and S fertilizer applications, via runoff agricultural production systems. The results of this study are essential for understanding and predicting total S variability within the TDNP (Spain), which can interfere with soil management practices.
Associations Between Supported Accommodation and Health and Re-offending Outcomes: a Retrospective Data Linkage Study
Authors: Gibbs Daisy , Colledge-Frisby Samantha , Farnbach Sara , Doyle Michael , Shakeshaft Anthony , Larney Sarah
Published: February 2024

Following release from prison, housing and health issues form a complex and mutually reinforcing dynamic, increasing reincarceration risk. Supported accommodation aims to mitigate these post-release challenges. We describe the impact of attending Rainbow Lodge (RL), a post-release supported accommodation service for men in Sydney, Australia, on criminal justice and emergency health outcomes. Our retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data includes 415 individuals referred to RL between January 2015 and October 2020. Outcomes of interest were rates of criminal charges, emergency department (ED) presentations and ambulance attendance; and time to first reincarceration, criminal charge, ED presentation and ambulance attendance. The exposure of interest was attending RL; covariates included demographic characteristics, release year and prior criminal justice and emergency health contact. Those who attended RL (n= 170, 41%) more commonly identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (52% vs 41%;p= 0.025). There was strong evidence that attending RL reduced the incidence criminal charges (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.340.86;p= 0.009). Absolute rates indicate a weak protective effect of RL attendance on ED presentation and ambulance attendance; however, adjusted analyses indicated no evidence of an association between attending RL and rates of ED presentations (ARR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.65–1.21), or ambulance attendance (ARR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.57–1.18). There was no evidence of an association between attending RL and time to first reincarceration, charge, ED presentation or ambulance attendance. Greater detail about reasons for emergency health service contact and other self-report outcome measures may better inform how supported accommodation is meeting its intended aims.
3D Printing Iron/Iron Oxide Composites by Metal Material Extrusion from an Industrial Waste
Authors: Tirado-González J. G. , Esguerra-Arce J. , Esguerra-Arce A. , Herrera-Quintero L. K.
Published: February 2024

The material extrusion 3d printing technique has proved to be reliable and low cost for obtaining metal parts. Therefore, in the present work, its suitability for obtaining pieces of a material composed of iron/iron oxide from an industrial waste was studied. Once the powder was obtained by chemical partial reduction, filaments were manufactured with a polymer matrix of TPE/PP/SA in a polymer–powder proportion of 13–87 wt.%. The influence of temperature and printing speed on the geometry of the printed and sintered parts, as well as on their mechanical and microstructural properties, was evaluated. The results showed that the printing speed had a significant impact on the print geometry of the parts, while the printing temperature had no effect. During thermal debinding and sintering, an additional chemical reduction due to the production of reducing agents during the decomposition of the polymer matrix was observed. This shows that the selection of the polymer matrix affects the microstructure of the sintered parts.
Comparative In Vitro Study of the Cytotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin’s Main Metabolites on Cardiac AC16 Cells Versus the Parent Drug
Authors: Reis-Mendes Ana , Vitorino-Oliveira Cláudia , Ferreira Mariana , Carvalho Félix , Remião Fernando , Sousa Emília , de Lourdes Bastos Maria , Costa Vera Marisa
Published: February 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX; also known as adriamycin) serves as a crucial antineoplastic agent in cancer treatment; however, its clinical utility is hampered by its’ intrinsic cardiotoxicity. Although most DOX biotransformation occurs in the liver, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of DOX biotransformation and its’ metabolites on its induced cardiotoxicity remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the role of biotransformation and DOX's main metabolites in its induced cardiotoxicity in human differentiated cardiac AC16 cells. A key discovery from our study is that modulating metabolism had minimal effects on DOX-induced cytotoxicity: even so, metyrapone (a non-specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450) increased DOX-induced cytotoxicity at 2 µM, while diallyl sulphide (a CYP2E1 inhibitor) decreased the 1 µM DOX-triggered cytotoxicity. Then, the toxicity of the main DOX metabolites, doxorubicinol [(DOXol, 0.5 to 10 µM), doxorubicinone (DOXone, 1 to 10 µM), and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone (7-DeoxyDOX, 1 to 10 µM)] was compared to DOX (0.5 to 10 µM) following a 48-h exposure. All metabolites evaluated, DOXol, DOXone, and 7-DeoxyDOX caused mitochondrial dysfunction in differentiated AC16 cells, but only at 2 µM. In contrast, DOX elicited comparable cytotoxicity, but at half the concentration. Similarly, all metabolites, except 7-DeoxyDOX impacted on lysosomal ability to uptake neutral red. Therefore, the present study showed that the modulation of DOX metabolism demonstrated minimal impact on its cytotoxicity, with the main metabolites exhibiting lower toxicity to AC16 cardiac cells compared to DOX. In conclusion, our findings suggest that metabolism may not be a pivotal factor in mediating DOX's cardiotoxic effects.

Graphical Abstract
Inventory of School Supports-Youth Report (ISS-YR): Development and Validation with Military-Connected Students
Authors: Steggerda Jake C. , Cavell Timothy A. , Drew Alison L. , Nicholson Juliann H. , Herrera Carla , Gaffney Debby , Smith Slep Amy M. , Spencer Renée
Published: February 2024

This study describes the development of a 12-item inventory of school supports for military-connected (MC) children. Participants were 444 students (grades 3 or 5) with an active-duty military parent (48% female; 57.3% White, 10.7% Black, 6.2% Native American, 5% Asian, 3.3% Pacific Islander, 17.5% bi/multiracial; 19% Latinx). Youth completed the Inventory of School Supports-Youth Report (ISS-YR) and measures of academic efficacy, parental involvement in school, school connectedness, and whether they had a non-parental supportive adult in their life. Parents reported on parent–teacher relationship quality. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model (functional and relational support). Results psychometrically supported the ISS-YR. Scores demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability. Results also supported the measure’s convergent and criterion validity as evidenced by positive associations with school connectedness, academic efficacy, parental school involvement, and parent–teacher relationship quality. Youth with a supportive adult in their life at and outside of school had the highest ISS-YR scores. Implications of these findings for schools’ efforts to support MC students are discussed.
Mass-time equivalence in dynamic equilibrium systems
Authors: Shamohammadi Shayan , Shamohammadi Bahar
Published: February 2024

The truth of time has been debated for more than two centuries. Scientists like Leibniz, Einstein, Rowley, Wheeler and DeWitt believe that it is the result of change in the world and is not original. According to our research, only Einstein introduced the law of space–time and showed that time is woven in space (general relativity), but no one (at least in classical physics) explained the relationship between time and changes in the world (mass and energy). has not provided In the rest of the references, only mathematical and theoretical topics are presented. In kinetic experiments (in various scientific fields), time is used as a variable to plot kinetic curves. This choice is neither scientific nor based on principled modeling. For this reason, kinetic models are presented experimentally. The aim of this research is (1) to introduce the "dynamic mass (∂Mout/∂Min)" equation as a platform for mass-based modeling in open systems. (2) Introducing the relationship between mass (m) and time (t) or mass-time equivalence in mass flows (mass conversion or mass transfer system). (3) Expansion of time relativity in mass-mass systems. To achieve the objectives of the study, the equation "dynamic mass (∂M/∂M)" based on the law of conservation of mass has been introduced for the first time. Then, using the dynamic mass equation, the absorption model was presented in two mass forms (mass-mass curve) and time (mass-time curve). Then, using Fe2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, Ni2+, Cd2+and As2+ elements and Jacobi activated carbon, Iranian activated carbon, and blowy sand adsorbents, routine kinetic and isotherm tests were performed separately. To evaluate the absorption model, three methods were used: (1) evaluation by evaluation indices (R2 and RMSE) and (2) comparison of the "temporal form of the model" with the kinetic models of absorption (Lagergren and Ho et al.) and (3) comparison of the "mass form of the model" with Shammahmadi adsorption isotherm model.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Nickel-plating Thickness on Continuous-wave Laser Welding of Copper and Steel Tab Joints for Battery Manufacturing
Authors: Francioso Michele , Angeloni Caterina , Fortunato Alessandro , Liverani Erica , Ascari Alessandro
Published: February 2024

The welding of dissimilar materials, such as copper and steel, holds significant industrial significance in the production of electric vehicle batteries. These materials are commonly used in the case of connections between busbars and cylindrical cells inside a battery pack. To optimize welding and guarantee protection against corrosion, nickel is commonly used in the form of a coating. In this paper, the effect of nickel plating thickness on copper-to-steel welds made with laser technology is investigated. The initial phase consists of a statistical characterization of the nickel plating thickness of the busbar in order to identify the thickness ranges. Experiments were conducted using two different fiber laser sources (a single-mode laser source and a beam-shaping laser source) equipped with a Galvo scanner head; the fluence value and the thickness of nickel plating varied during the experiments. The study conducted has revealed that the thickness of nickel plating plays a crucial role in the weld bead interface, particularly when using a single-mode source. Furthermore, when using the beam-shaping laser source, the fluence employed can have a significant impact on both the depth of penetration and the interface width.
Exploring better image captioning with grid features
Authors: Yan Jie , Xie Yuxiang , Guo Yanming , Wei Yingmei , Luan Xidao
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has shown promising prospects in both computer vision and natural language processing communities. Meanwhile, as an essential aspect of AIGC, image to captions has received much more attention. Recent vision-language research is developing from the bulky region visual representations based on object detectors toward more convenient and flexible grid ones. However, this kind of research typically concentrates on image understanding tasks like image classification, with less attention paid to content generation tasks. In this paper, we explore how to capitalize on the expressive features embedded in the grid visual representations for better image captioning. To this end, we present a Transformer-based image captioning model, dubbed FeiM, with two straightforward yet effective designs. We first design the feature queries that consist of a limited set of learnable vectors, which act as the local signals to capture specific visual information from global grid features. Then, taking augmented global grid features and the local feature queries as inputs, we develop a feature interaction module to query relevant visual concepts from grid features, and to enable interaction between the local signal and overall context. Finally, the refined grid visual representations and the linguistic features pass through a Transformer architecture for multi-modal fusion. With the two novel and simple designs, FeiM can fully leverage meaningful visual knowledge to improve image captioning performance. Extensive experiments are performed on the competitive MSCOCO benchmark to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and the results show that FeiM yields more eminent results than existing advanced captioning models.
Assessing the Roles of Symmetry, Prototypicality, and Sexual Dimorphism of face Shape in Health Perceptions
Authors: Leger Kathlyne , Dong Junzhi , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C. , Shiramizu Victor K. M.
Published: February 2024

Health perceptions are thought to play an important role in human mate preferences. Although many studies have investigated potential relationships between health ratings of faces and facial symmetry, prototypicality, and sexual dimorphism, findings have been mixed across studies. Consequently, we tested for potential relationships between health ratings of faces and the symmetry, prototypicality, and sexual dimorphism of those faces’ shapes. When these three shape characteristics were considered in separate regression models, we observed significant positive relationships between health ratings and both shape symmetry and prototypicality. By contrast, health ratings and sexual dimorphism were not significantly correlated in these analyses. However, in analyses in which symmetry, prototypicality, and sexual dimorphism were entered simultaneously as predictors in a single model, prototypicality, but not symmetry, was significantly correlated with health ratings. Moreover, sexual dimorphism predicted health ratings of female, but not male, faces in these analyses. Collectively, these results suggest that the relationship between symmetry and health ratings is, at least partly, driven by the effect of prototypicality on health perceptions and highlight the importance of considering multiple aspects of face shape when investigating factors that predict perceived health.
Impact of Velocity of Detonation and Charge per Bank Cubic Meters on Flyrock Throw Prediction Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Tsidi Bright Akuinor , Amegbey Newton , Mireku-Gyimah Daniel , Khandelwal Manoj
Published: February 2024

One of the ambient effects of production blasting is flyrock. To effectively manage flyrock throw distance in mining, there is the necessity to successfully envisage blasting output without sacrificing the hazardous impact of flyrock which may result in fatality and operational shutdown. For flyrock throw distance prediction, velocity of detonation (VOD) and charge per bank cubic meter (CPBCM) are not usually included. This paper focuses on the use of support vector machine (SVM) regression to ascertain the impact of VOD and CPBCM on flyrock throw predictions. The machine learning models were linear support vector machine (LSVM), quadratic Gaussian support vector machine (QGSVM), fine Gaussian support vector machine (FGSVM), medium Gaussian support vector machine (MGSVM), and cubic Gaussian support vector machine (CGSVM). The outcome indicates that FGSVM was the most sensitive with a 4% improvement when VOD and CPBCM were included. As a result, the LSVM model provides a suitable AI competitive alternative tool for flyrock throw prediction in mining operations by incorporating VOD and CPBCM.
Gender and Position-Taking in Henrician Verse
Authors: Quoss-Moore Rebecca
Published: February 2024

Tradition, translation, and transcription in Henrician verse functioned together in systems of communally created, coded position-taking. Understanding this system as an extensive network of production and reception in which women took on many roles allows for new readings of Henrician verse that emphasize the interpretive range available to contemporary reading and writing communities. This restoration demasculinizes our approach to Henrician verse not only through a more equitable consideration of gender's functions in that social world, but also in de-emphasizing individualized self-fashioning or authorial intent in favor of an engagement with communal production and shared sociopolitical engagement. The creation in this system is not of a code, but of systems for coding and recognizing position-taking. These communal systems offer a site for the intersection of reader and writer, of transcriber and composer, and of King and courtier in a space that questions, creates, and troubles power in the Henrician court.
The Portuguese Restoration of 1640 and Its Global Visualization
Authors: Krass Urte
Published: February 2024

The Portuguese Restoration of 1640 ended the dynastic union of Portugal and Spain. This book pioneers in reconstructing the global image discourse related to the event by bringing together visualizations from three decades and four continents. These include paintings, engravings, a statue, coins, emblems, miniatures, a miraculous crosier and other regalia, buildings, textiles, a castrum doloris, drawings, and ivory statues. Situated within the academic field of visual studies, the book interrogates the role of images and depictions before, during, and after the overthrow and how they functioned within the intercontinental communication processes in the Portuguese Empire. The results challenge the conventional notion of center and periphery and reveal unforeseen entanglements as well as an unexpected agency of imagery from the remotest regions under Portuguese control. The book breaks new ground in linking the field of early modern political iconography with transcultural art history and visual studies.
Japanese Filmmakers in the Wake of Fukushima
Authors: Wada-Marciano Mitsuyo
Published: February 2024

In the ongoing aftermath of the nuclear accident in 2011, filmmakers have continued to issue warnings about the state of Japanese society and politics, which remain mired in refusal to change. Nearly a decade in the making, Japanese Filmmakers in the Wake of Fukushima is based on in-person interviews with countless filmmakers, as well as continuous dialogue with them and their work. Author Wada-Marciano has expanded these dialogues to include students, audiences at screenings, critics, and researchers, and her observations are based on down-to-earth-exchange of ideas engaged in over a long period of time.

Filmmakers and artists are in the vanguard of those who grapple with what should be done regarding the struggle against fear of the invisible blight - radiation exposure. Rather than blindly following the mass media and public opinion, they have chosen to think and act independently. While repeatedly viewing and reviewing the film works from the post-Fukushima period, Wada-Marciano felt the unwavering message that emanates from them: 'There must be no more nuclear weapons.' 'There must be no more nuclear power generation.' The book is dedicated to convincing readers of the clarity of their message.
Decorative arts to borrow at home: a unique story of a specialized collection of images in a French public art library
Authors: Garcia Joëlle
Published: February 2024

A Parisian public library specializing in decorative arts, the Bibliothèque Forney is considered one of the first public lending art libraries in France. From the library's opening in the nineteenth century to the year 2000, readers could borrow art images to use as models or sources of inspiration. Today a selection of art plates are still freely accessible. The history of this unique service highlights the librarians’ efforts to meet the evolving needs of researchers looking for easily accessible art; their work to keep up with modernity; and their efforts to add value for their users.