bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tanshinone IIA and Astragaloside IV Inhibit miR-223/JAK2/STAT1 Signalling Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage in Nucleus Pulposus Cells
Authors: Du Xiaoxun , Wang Xiaoying , Cui Kaiying , Chen Yungang , Zhang Chao , Yao Kang , Hao Yanke , Chen Yuanzhen
Published: October 2021

Astragaloside IV (AS IV) and tanshinone (TS IIA) are the main natural components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Astragali, respectively. The amalgam of TS IIA and AS IV has potential therapeutic value in many inflammation-related diseases. However, the aftereffect of TS IIA and AS IV for lumbar disc herniation is not clear. Although the function of miR-223 in the inflammation-related JAK/STAT pathway is unknown, it is particularly expressed in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. This study has investigated the efficacy of the combined application of TS IIA and AS IV in the treatment of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells (NP cells) injured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After miR-223 inhibitor imitated NP cells, the state of the JAK family and STAT family was recognized by Western blotting (Western blot, WB) and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The shRNA lentivirus interference vector targeting the STAT family was constructed, and the NP cell line stably interfering with the STAT gene was established after transfection. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-3, caspase-1, and caspase-3 was detected by lipopolysaccharide (WTNP cells), control virus NP cells, STAT downregulation NP cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and qPCR, respectively. The cell survival rate was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). NP cells were treated with TS IIA and AS IV which had been made into different concentrations, and then, the expression of miR-223, p-STAT1, and p-JAK families was detected by WB Western blotting and qPCR. MiR-223 selectively acts on JAK2/STAT1 pathway, increases the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-3, caspase3-1, and caspase-3, and induces apoptosis, which can be eliminated by silencing STAT1. TS IIA combined with AS IV could inhibit the expression of miR-223, p-STAT1, and p-JAK2 in NP cells, and they showed a dose-dependent tendency to p-STAT1 and p-JAK2. This study shows that miR-223 promotes the inflammatory response and induces cell injury of NP cells by acting on the JAK2/STAT1 pathway, and the combination of TS IIA and AS IV may protect NP cells by downregulating miR-223 and inhibiting the expression of JAK2 and STAT1.
Mediastinal Thyroid Carcinoma and Graves’ Disease: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Lomelino Pinheiro Sara , Damásio Inês , Figueiredo Ana , Nunes da Silva Tiago , Leite Valeriano
Published: October 2021

Background. Mediastinal thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Case Report. A 73-year-old man presented with weight loss for 6 months. Imaging by computed tomography (CT) documented a large mediastinal mass below the thyroid gland and pulmonary metastases. Neck ultrasound found two spongiform nodules in the right thyroid lobe, and fine-needle aspiration citology (FNAC) of these nodules revealed they are benign. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the mediastinal mass was compatible with papillary thyroid cancer. A few weeks later, the patient developed overt hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease, which was treated with antithyroid drugs. 99mPertechnetate scintigraphy showed increased diffuse uptake in the thyroid parenchyma but the absence of uptake in the paratracheal mass and in the lung nodules. The patient was not considered eligible for surgical intervention or therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor due to tracheal and mediastinal vessel invasion and was treated with palliative radiotherapy. Two months later, restaging PET-FDG showed an intense uptake in the right lobe of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, lungs, bone, muscle, myocardial, kidney, and adrenal gland. Conclusion. In this case, thyroid carcinoma presented as a mediastinal mass with concurrent hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Although uncommon, the clinicians should be aware of these situations. Obtaining a prompt histological examination of an intrathoracic mass is crucial to ensure an early diagnosis and treatment.
Influence of In‐Situ Stress on the Energy Transmission of Blasting Stress Wave in Jointed Rock Mass
Authors: Dong Qian , Li XinPing , Liu TingTing
Published: October 2021

The study of influence of in‐situ stress on energy transmission of blasting stress wave in jointed rock mass is the basis for improving the utilization rate and optimizing the distribution of explosive energy in underground rock mass during blasting excavation. Thus, a model test was carried out to explore the energy transmission of blasting stress wave in jointed rock mass under different in‐situ stresses, and the energy transmitting coefficients of the blasting stress wave were derived. Then, the influencing factors such as the scale and distribution of in‐situ stresses and the angle and number of joints were discussed, respectively. The results showed that the energy transmission of blasting stress wave in jointed rock mass was affected by both the intact rock and joints, and the energy transmitting coefficients first increased and then decreased with the rise of static load and lateral static load coefficient, indicating that the lower in‐situ stress can enhance the energy transmission of stress wave in rock mass to some extent. While the in‐situ stress was relatively large, the stress wave energy dissipation in intact rock was dominant. The number and angle of joints also had a remarkable impact on the energy attenuation of the stress wave; when the stress wave was vertically incident on the joints, the energy transmitting coefficient was the largest. For underground engineering, the orientation of the dominant structural plane and the in‐situ stress state of rock mass should be determined firstly, and the blasting parameters can be optimized to improve the utilization of explosive energy and achieve the designed blasting effect.
Effect Observation on Modified Zishen Tongguan Decoction Combined with Acupuncture in Treatment of Urinary Retention after Cervical Cancer Surgery and Its Influence on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Wang Min , Zhang Hongbin
Published: October 2021

Objective. To explore the effect observation on modified Zishen Tongguan decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery and its influence on the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods. The clinical data of 84 patients suffered from urinary retention after radical resection of cervical cancer (December 2018–December 2019) in the oncology department of Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected for retrospective analysis. According to the order of admission, they were divided into group A (n = 42), treated with conventional therapy, modified Zishen Tongguan decoction, and acupuncture, and group B (n = 42), treated with conventional therapy. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed, the urination function indexes after therapy were recorded, and the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were analyzed. Results. After therapy, compared with group B, the average urinary flow rate, maximum urinary flow rate, bladder compliance (BC) level value, and the number of patients with good recovery of bladder function of group A were obviously higher

P
<
0.05

, and the urination time and detrusor pressure were obviously lower

P
<
0.001

. There was no significant difference in the average scoring of overactive bladder syndrome score (OABSS) between the two groups at 7 days of therapy

p
>
0.05

. The average OABSS of group A at 14 days of therapy was obviously lower than that of group B

P
<
0.001

. Compared with group B, the total clinical effective rate of group A was obviously higher

P
<
0.05

, while the total incidence of adverse reactions was obviously lower

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. Modified Zishen Tongguan decoction combined with acupuncture is a reliable method to treat urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery, which greatly improves the urination function of patients, as well as the clinical efficacy. Further research will help create a better solution for patients with urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery.
Bedding Plane Effects on Mechanical Behavior of Surrounding Rock in Mountain Tunneling
Authors: You Shuang , Sun Jincui , Wang Hongtao
Published: October 2021

The layered rock showed the characteristics in Mountain tunnel, Yunnan. A series of uniaxial compression tests and variable angle shear tests were carried out, and the aim was to investigate the effect of the bedding on its mechanical parameters and failure modes. The test results show that the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson′s ratio of layered rock present a U‐shaped distribution with the increase in bedding orientation from 0° to 90°. All of them have a maximum when the bedding orientation is 0° and a minimum when the bedding orientation is 45°. The failure modes of layered rock can be summarized into three types: the fracture tensile failure parallel to the weak plane of bedding; the shear slip failure along bedding weak plane; and tension‐shear composite failure between bedding weak plane and matrix. Based on the testing data and analysis results, it can be concluded that the layered rock specimen with different bedding orientations is an important reason for the anisotropy of mechanical parameters and failure modes.
An Integrative Pan‐Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic Role of COPB2 in Human Tumors
Authors: Wu Biao , Wu Yumeng , Guo Xianlin , Yue Yanping , Li Yuanyuan , He Xiao , Chen Yuanbin , Zhao Wenjing , Liu Jibin , Wu Xuming , Shen Aiguo , Zhang Suqing
Published: October 2021

Several studies have suggested that coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2 (COPB2) may act as an oncogene in various cancer types. However, no systematic pan‐cancer analysis has been performed to date. Therefore, the present study analyzed the potential oncogenic role of COPB2 using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets. The majority of the cancer types overexpressed the COPB2 protein, and its expression significantly correlated with tumor prognosis. In certain tumors, such as those found in breast and ovarian tissues, phosphorylated S859 exhibited high expression. It was found that mutations of the COPB2 protein in kidney and endometrial cancers exhibited a significant impact on patient prognosis. It is interesting to note that COPB2 expression correlated with the number of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in certain tumors, such as cervical and endocervical cancers and colon adenocarcinomas. In addition, COPB2 was involved in the transport of substances and correlated with chemotherapy sensitivity. This is considered the first pan‐tumor study, which provided a relatively comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which COPB2 promotes cancer growth.
ERP System in the Logistics Information Management System of Supply Chain Enterprises
Authors: Li Qingping , Wu Guoqiang
Published: October 2021

In the era of rapid development of information, with the popularization of computers, the development of science and technology, and the continuous growth of IT technology and business, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has become a platform and guarantee for the completion of business management processes after long-term operations. Establishing a logistics management information system is an important means for Chinese companies to improve their logistics efficiency. This is the prerequisite for modern companies to gain a competitive advantage in the management of logistics companies. Therefore, organizations must adapt to different needs, fierce competition, and rapid strategic changes. This is a powerful supplement to the nature of logistics companies. The logistics management information system has continuously experienced the processes of MRP, MRP II, and ERP. This article aims to study how to use computers in logistics management to create an ERP system-based enterprise logistics information management system. This article puts forward the development significance of logistics information management system, uses ERP system to analyze complex logistics business in detail, and designs the overall framework, specific functions, and data model of the system in detail. The experimental results of this paper show that the ERP system has important application value in the logistics information management system of supply chain enterprises, and it can effectively increase the value of customer satisfaction by 86.7%.
Cost‐Sensitive Siamese Network for PCB Defect Classification
Authors: Miao Yilin , Liu Zhewei , Wu Xiangning , Gao Jie
Published: October 2021

After the production of printed circuit boards (PCB), PCB manufacturers need to remove defected boards by conducting rigorous testing, while manual inspection is time‐consuming and laborious. Many PCB factories employ automatic optical inspection (AOI), but this pixel‐based comparison method has a high false alarm rate, thus requiring intensive human inspection to determine whether alarms raised from it resemble true or pseudo defects. In this paper, we propose a new cost‐sensitive deep learning model: cost‐sensitive siamese network (CSS‐Net) based on siamese network, transfer learning and threshold moving methods to distinguish between true and pseudo PCB defects as a cost‐sensitive classification problem. We use optimization algorithms such as NSGA‐II to determine the optimal cost‐sensitive threshold. Results show that our model improves true defects prediction accuracy to 97.60%, and it maintains relatively high pseudo defect prediction accuracy, 61.24% in real‐production scenario. Furthermore, our model also outperforms its state‐of‐the‐art competitor models in other comprehensive cost‐sensitive metrics, with an average of 33.32% shorter training time.
Main Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qi Yueying , Fan Lirong , Ran Decong , Xu Jieda , Wang Yuansong , Wu Jin , Zhang Zhongyong
Published: October 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological metabolic disease characterized by high ketone lipid based on abnormal lipid metabolism. Compared with patients with single T2DM or NAFLD, T2DM complicated with NAFLD has more complicated pathogenic factors and pathological processes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the leading malignancy arising from cirrhosis, is the second most lethal cancer globally. The purpose of this study was to clarify the main risk factors of T2DM with NAFLD and HCC. There are many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of T2DM patients with NAFLD and HCC. The current gold standard is to adjust treatment strategy, optimize metabolic control, and improve liver phenotype. It is necessary to identify further the risk factors driving the progression of T2DM with NAFLD and HCC and evaluate new therapeutic targets, in addition to exploring the syndromic forms of T2DM combined with NAFLD and providing a theoretical basis for early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
DAuGAN: An Approach for Augmenting Time Series Imbalanced Datasets via Latent Space Sampling Using Adversarial Techniques
Authors: Bratu Andrei , Czibula Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Data augmentation is a commonly used technique in data science for improving the robustness and performance of machine learning models. The purpose of the paper is to study the feasibility of generating synthetic data points of temporal nature towards this end. A general approach named DAuGAN (Data Augmentation using Generative Adversarial Networks) is presented for identifying poorly represented sections of a time series, studying the synthesis and integration of new data points, and performance improvement on a benchmark machine learning model. The problem is studied and applied in the domain of algorithmic trading, whose constraints are presented and taken into consideration. The experimental results highlight an improvement in performance on a benchmark reinforcement learning agent trained on a dataset enhanced with DAuGAN to trade a financial instrument.
Gymnastics Movement Signs Based on Network Communication and Body Contour Feature Extraction
Authors: Wang Haiyun , Hu Shujun
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of computer vision technology, human action recognition technology has occupied an important position in this field. The basic human action recognition system is mainly composed of three parts: moving target detection, feature extraction, and human action recognition. In order to understand the action signs of gymnastics, this article uses network communication and contour feature extraction to extract different morphological features during gymnastics. Then, the finite difference algorithm of edge curvature is used to classify different gymnastic actions and analyze and discuss the Gaussian background. A modular method, an improved hybrid Gaussian modeling method, is proposed, which adaptively selects the number of Gaussian distributions. The research results show that, compared with traditional contour extraction, the resolution of gymnastic motion features extracted through network communication and body contour features is clearer, and the increase rate is more than 30%. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper removes noise in the image extraction process, the effect is good, and the athlete’s action marks are very clear, which can achieve the research goal.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Carrier Status and Its Negative Association with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Lok W. Y. , Kong C. W. , To W. W. K.
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives. To evaluate whether a negative association between chronic hepatitis B carrier status and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy could continue to be demonstrated in an endemic area with a changing prevalence for chronic hepatitis B infection. Study Design. A retrospective cohort of all deliveries in a single centre over a period of 20 years in a population with high prevalence for chronic hepatitis B carrier status was studied. Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was the prevalence of chronic HBV carrier status and gestational hypertensive disorders in pregnancy during the study period. The secondary outcome measures included the major risk factors for gestational hypertensive disorders. The overall association between HBV carrier status and gestational hypertensive disorders and the association with major risk factors were then evaluated. Results. In a total cohort of 87889 deliveries over a period of 20 years, the prevalence rate of HBV fell from around 10-11% to around 6-7% in the last 5 years of the study. A negative association between chronic HBV carrier status and all gestational hypertensive disorders could be demonstrated. An apparent protective effect of HBV carrier status was apparently more robust against preeclampsia than gestational hypertension, as the negative association with preeclampsia was consistently observed throughout the study period. A logistic regression model showed that advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, obesity, and significant medical disorders were positively correlated with gestational hypertensive disorders, while multiparity and positive HBV carrier status were negatively correlated. Conclusion. Chronic HBV carrier status appeared to have a protective effect against the development of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in an endemic area with high HBV prevalence rates.
Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture as Adjuvant Therapy for Side Effects Management in Drug Therapy-Receiving Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chan Yau-Tuen , Wang Ning , Tam Chi-Wing , Tan Hor-Yue , Lu Yuanjun , So Tsz-him , Chau-Leung Yu Edwin , Lao Lixing , Feng Yibin
Published: October 2021

Objective. To investigate the potential benefits and safety of acupuncture on managing side effects induced by drug therapies in patients with breast cancer using a PRISMA standard systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Published randomised controlled trials from nine databases in English and Chinese language were searched. Trials with a real acupuncture treatment group and a control group with sham acupuncture, no treatment, or waitlist control were included. The primary outcome of this study was the therapeutic effects on five symptoms induced by drug therapies, including gastrointestinal disorder, neuropathy, arthralgia, joint symptoms, and cognitive impairment. The quality of life was assessed as a secondary outcome. The risk of bias of each study was analysed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Results. Sixteen randomised controlled trials with 1189 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome and all subgroup analyses showed statistically significant improvements in the management of side effects by real acupuncture. The quality of life of patients has enhanced during the treatment. Conclusion. Although the number of publications is limited, a clear preliminary conclusion could be drawn by the meta-analysis, suggesting the beneficial adjuvant role of acupuncture in patients with breast cancer who receive drug therapies. No serious adverse events were observed from all the RCTs, and the safety of acupuncture is ascertained. More standardised and sophisticated large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the findings further.
Identifying Occupational Therapy Research Priorities in Trinidad and Tobago: A Group Concept Mapping Study
Authors: Murray-Mendes Savannah , Martinez Anastasia Raquel , Hackett Katie L.
Published: October 2021

In Trinidad and Tobago, occupational therapy is an emerging profession with limitations in the number of practitioners and the scope of practice. With the development of a new Master of Science Occupational Therapy programme in the country, the profession is continuously growing. There has been an increased demand for culturally relevant research to build the occupational therapy evidence base locally. However, the narrow range of occupational therapy literature in the country makes it difficult to highlight research gaps and decipher what research areas should be prioritised to best impact occupational therapy practice at present. This group concept mapping study is aimed at identifying priority areas for occupational therapy research in Trinidad and Tobago from the perspectives of occupational therapy students and practitioners. Participants brainstormed and contributed specific research ideas they would like to see developed in the country. Individually, participants sorted these ideas into themes and rated each idea based on perceived importance and feasibility. Using the GroupWisdom™ software, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to the sort data to create idea clusters within a concept map. Rating values were analysed to determine priority research themes within the concept map. The resulting concept map illustrated seven research priorities: Contextualising Practitioner Development, The Realities of Emerging OT Practice, Localising Mental Health OT, Occupation and Participation of Children and Youth, School-based OT in the Local Context, OT with Special Populations, and OT Contributions to the Public Health Sector. These findings represent the research needs of the occupational therapy profession in Trinidad and Tobago and will help to focus future researchers’ efforts to expand the local evidence base.
Targeting Fc Receptor-Mediated Effects and the “Don't Eat Me” Signal with an Oncolytic Virus Expressing an Anti-CD47 Antibody to Treat Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Tian Lei , Xu Bo , Teng Kun-Yu , Song Mihae , Zhu Zheng , Chen Yuqing , Wang Jing , Zhang Jianying , Feng Mingye , Kaur Balveen , Rodriguez Lorna , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

mAbs blocking immune checkpoints have emerged as important cancer therapeutics, as exemplified by systemic administration of the IgG1 anti-CD47 mAb that blocks the “don't eat me” pathway. However, this strategy is associated with severe toxicity.

Experimental Design:

To improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicities for ovarian cancer, we engineered an oncolytic herpesvirus (oHSV) to express a full-length, soluble anti-CD47 mAb with a human IgG1 scaffold (OV-αCD47-G1) or IgG4 scaffold (OV-αCD47-G4).

Results:

Both IgG1 and IgG4 anti-CD47 mAbs secreted by oHSV-infected tumor cells blocked the CD47–SIRPα signal pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis against ovarian tumor cells. OV-αCD47-G1, but not OV-αCD47-G4, activated human NK-cell cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis by binding to the Fc receptors of these cells. In vivo, these multifaceted functions of OV-αCD47-G1 improved mouse survival in xenograft and immunocompetent mouse models of ovarian cancer when compared with OV-αCD47-G4 and a parental oHSV. The murine counterpart of OV-αCD47-G1, OV-αmCD47-G2b, also enhanced mouse NK-cell cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis and prolonged survival of mice bearing ovarian tumors compared with OV-αmCD47-G3. OV-αmCD47-G2b was also superior to αmCD47-G2b and showed a significantly better effect when combined with an antibody against PD-L1 that was upregulated by oHSV infection.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that an oHSV encoding a full-length human IgG1 anti-CD47 mAb, when used as a single agent or combined with another agent, is a promising approach for improving ovarian cancer treatment via enhancing innate immunity, as well as performing its known oncolytic function and modulation of immune cells.
Characterizing the Effect of Processing Technique and Solution Type on Cytomorphology Using Liquid-Based Cytology
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhide , Oboshi Wataru , Hashimoto Yusuke , Komene Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Sato Shouichi , Maruyama Sayumi , Furukawa Nozomi , Sakabe Nanako , Nagata Kohzo
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is increasingly used for nongynecologic applications. However, the cytological preparation of LBC specimens is influenced by the processing technique and the preservative used. In this study, the influence of the processing techniques and preservatives on cell morphology was examined mathematically and statistically. Methods: Cytological specimens were prepared using the ThinPrep (TP), SurePath (SP), and AutoSmear methods, with 5 different preservative solutions. The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas of Papanicolaou-stained specimens were measured for all samples. Results: The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas were smaller in cells prepared using the 2 LBC methods, compared to that prepared using the AutoSmear method, irrespective of the preservative used. The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas of cells prepared using the SP method were smaller than those of cells prepared using the TP method, irrespective of the preservative used. There were fewer differences among the cytoplasmic areas of cells prepared with different preservative solutions using the TP method; however, the cytoplasmic areas of cells prepared using the SP method changed with the preservative solution used. Conclusions: The most significant difference affecting the cytoplasmic and nuclear areas was the processing technique. The TP method increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, while the methanol-based PreservCyt solution enabled the highest enlargement of the cell. LBC is a superior preparation technique for standardization of the specimens. Our results offer a better understanding of methods suitable for specimen preparation for developing precision AI-based diagnosis in cytology.
Prevention behavior of community for spreading COVID-19 in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Suwarni Linda , Selviana Selviana , Mawardi Mawardi , Marlenywati Marlenywati , Nilasari Nilasari , Suyitno Suyitno , Maretalinia Maretalinia
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused huge impacts on human being worldwide. The accumulated infected cases are 156,778,078 with 3,272,054 death cases on May 7, 2021. Importantly, not many people practice the prevention behavior of COVID-19 pandemic. This study measured the prevention behavior of COVID-19 in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia by socio-demographic factors and protection motivations from the community. This study used a cross-sectional design which was carried out for two weeks from the end of July to early August. The study involved 385 respondents from 972,635 people in Municipality Pontianak, Municipality Singkawang, and Ketapang Regency, Indonesia. The result showed the majority of the respondent were female (74.3%), in adult age group (61.3%), graduated from university (51.2%), and have a job (64.9%). Multiple logistic regression showed that respondents had no occupation (Adj. OR=1.87, 95% C.I=1.04- 3.37), low perception of self-efficacy (Adj. OR=3.44, 95% C.I=1.98-5.95), and low the evaluated cost response (Adj. OR=1.94, 95% C.I=1.20-3.14) were statistically significant having correlation with poor prevention behavior of spreading COVID-19. The results can be utilized for the promotion of protocol of prevention COVID-19, for instance, provide personal protective equipment (PPE) for people with high-risk occupation including health personal, promote the importance of practice prevention behavior, and control the price of basic PPE including mask and ensure all people have an access to have the mask.
Larvicidal activity of granulated pharmaceutical products using Indonesian holy basil leaf extract
Authors: Ikhsanudin Azis , Lolita Lolita , Septya Ramadani Zayyana
Published: October 2021

Ocimum sanctum Linn, known as holy basil, is a larvicide, which is relatively safe compared to synthetic insecticides. This study investigates the larvicidal activity of a granule formulation of Indonesian holy basil leaf extract against third larval instar of Aedes aegypti. The extract of holy basil leaves was obtained by a maceration process with 96% ethanol. The granule was formulated with various concentrations of holy basil leaf extract, including F1 (2000 ppm), F2 (4000 ppm), and F3 (6000 ppm). The extract contained terpenoid, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and polyphenol compounds. The extract granules had a moisture content of 3.01%, flowability of 1.51 seconds, and dispersion time of 1.09 seconds. The mortality rates of mosquitos treated with the different formulation groups were significantly different from positive control with values of 25.33% (F1), 50.67% (F2), and 90.67% (F3). In conclusion, the granulated formulation of holy basil leaf extract has a larvicidal LC50 of 4405.803 ppm and LC90 of 6080.714 ppm. Therefore, a granulated pharmaceutical product derived from holy basil leaf extract could be developed as a potent larvicide to control dengue fever.
Factors of mothers' hesitation in discussing reproductive health
Authors: Indraswari Ratih , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Widjanarko Bagoes , Suryoputro Antono
Published: October 2021

Reproductive health is always becoming an issue for adolescence. Lack of knowledge, permissive attitude, easy access to pornography and low parental supervision reported as a determinant of risky sexual behavior in adolescence. This study aimed to investigate mother’s perspectives in discussing reproductive health issues with their children aged 9-11 years old. The respondents were 8.046 mothers who had children aged 9-11 years old in Semarang, taken with a purposive sampling technique. Most mother (84.4%) were in adulthood, graduated from Senior High School (50.8%), unemployment (44%), and 47.2% was in low-middle income family. As much as 26.8% of mothers agreed that it is not necessary to inform their children about reproductive health. Talking about reproductive health is taboo for 41.9% of mothers and 38.5% felt awkward. Most of them (71.7%) encountered difficulties in starting reproductive health discussions with their children and 76.1% used other terms to name the genitals to feel more polite.  A mother who perceived that delivering reproductive health information is unnecessary (OR 1.44), taboo (OR 1.82), awkward (OR 1.93), and giving courtship permission (OR 1.28) to their children significantly becoming risk factors in practicing reproductive health education. Health workers should help the mothers improve their communication skills, especially in discussing reproductive health with children aged 9-11 years old.
Fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento para tuberculose pulmonar
Authors: Mansour Greyce Khoury , Ferreira Luísa de Paula Quintanilha , Martins Gabriella de Oliveira , Melo Jessica Luanda Lemos , Freitas Patrícia Scotini , Nascimento Murilo César do
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os fatores relacionados à não adesão ao tratamento diretamente observado por pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca ocorreu entre os meses de agosto de 2019 e maio de 2020, por acesso às bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, BINACIS, IBECS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, e WEB OF SCIENCE, bem como via biblioteca virtual SCIELO, selecionando artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2019. Resultado: dos 1664 estudos pré-analisados foram identificados e selecionados 57 artigos que atenderam à pergunta de pesquisa. Após a extração dos dados, os fatores de não adesão foram estratificados em cinco categorias: fatores relacionados ao paciente, aspectos socioeconômicos, fatores referentes ao tratamento, fatores relacionados aos profissionais/serviço de saúde e aspectos de conhecimento, os quais apresentaram uma correspondência de 49, 33, 41, 23 e 20 artigos, respectivamente. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou analisar as evidências científicas relacionadas aos fatores da não adesão ao tratamento diretamente observado por pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar. Conclui-se que a multifacetada gama de aspectos associados a tal problema de pesquisa pode ser sintetizada em fatores relacionados ao paciente, a aspectos socioeconômicos, a fatores referentes ao tratamento, fatores relacionados aos profissionais/serviço de saúde e a aspectos inerentes ao conhecimento.
Implementación de telerradiología en neurotrauma en áreas de difícil acceso -revisión sistemática
Authors: Quintana-Pájaro Loraine De Jesús , Picón-Jaimes Yelson Alejandro , Ramos-Villegas Yancarlos , Daguer-Menco Aylin , Arévalo-Martínez Yandris , Cortecero-Sabalza Eileen , Orozco Chinome Javier Esteban , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Según la organización mundial de la salud los traumatismos representan más del 20% de los problemas en salud en el mundo. El trauma craneoencefálico y la ausencia de servicios de neurocirugía y radiología en zonas menos pobladas dificultan la valoración y manejo de pacientes con lesión cerebral. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos y beneficios derivados de la implementación de la telerradiología en neurotrauma en áreas de difícil acceso geográfico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Pubmed, Scopus, Ebsco host, Sciencedirect, y Embase, con los tesauros “Teleradiology” y “Craniocerebral Trauma”. Resultados: La decisión de intervenir a un paciente con traumatismo cerebral y el periodo de tiempo hasta la cirugía son fundamentales para el desenlace clínico. Aquellos centros que usan la telerradiología, precisan los traslados a los hospitales especializados, por lo cual los dispositivos tecnológicos portátiles contribuyen en el tiempo de respuesta de la atención en neurocirugía. Conclusión: La telerradiología impacta positivamente en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico en zonas geográficas de difícil acceso, facilitando la comunicación con especialistas; brindando atención oportuna y optimizando los traslados a centros de alta complejidad.
Mudanças no perfil da mulher vítima de violência sexual em uma capital do sul do Brasil
Authors: Maluf Gabriela Calixto , Donida Isabela Casari , Francisco Jean A. Furtado Correa , Nisihara Renato Mitsunori
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O perfil da mulher vítima de violência sexual deve ser conhecido para elaboração de medidas preventivas.Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e a aplicação do protocolo de atendimento para mulheres vítimas de violência sexual nos casos acolhidos no Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM), em Curitiba-PR.Metodologia: Foram avaliados os dados da Ficha de Violência Interpessoal/Autoprovocada de mulheres com idade maior ou igual a 12 anos, acolhidas no serviço de atenção à vítima de violência sexual do HUEM em Curitiba-PR, entre janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2018. Foram buscados dados sociodemográficos da vítima, da ocorrência em si, clínicos e laboratoriais, sobre o provável autor da violência e sobre o retorno ao serviço.Principais resultados: Foram estudadas 252 vítimas de violência sexual. No período, a idade das vítimas nos anos 2015 e 2016 (mediana de 19 anos) em relação aos anos 2017 e 2018 (mediana de 17 anos) reduziu de forma significativa (p=0,026). Já a escolaridade não influenciou a violência sexual (p=0,64) e ser solteira conferiu maior risco (p<0,0001; OR=16,1). O horário noturno foi o de maior risco (p<0,0001; OR=3,5). Dentre as vítimas com idade entre 12 e 18 anos, 63,6% dos agressores são conhecidos e nas maiores de 18 anos, 70,8% dos agressores são desconhecidos (p<0,0001). Observou-se que 46% das vítimas não retornaram para nenhuma das consultas previstas e apenas 1,6% cumpriram o protocolo de acompanhamento.Conclusão: No período estudado, a redução significativa da idade apontou uma mudança no perfil demográfico da mulher vítima de violência sexual. Mesmo em um serviço de referência, a taxa de retorno ainda é muito baixa e são necessárias medidas para aumentar a adesão ao protocolo.
A revision of the genus Pochyta Simon, with descriptions of new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Thiratoscirtina)
Authors: WESOŁOWSKA WANDA , SZŰTS TAMÁS
Published: October 2021

Thiratoscirtina is an African endemic subtribe of aelurilline jumping spiders. Among the 18 genera belonging here, the genus Pochyta Simon, 1901 and its ten currently recognized species is yet to be revised, and the described species have been not studied from a taxonomical perspective. We examined all the species thought to belong here based on the type material. The limits of the genus are redefined. Pochyta moschensis Caporiacco, 1947 is proposed as the junior synonym of Natta horizontalis Karsch, 1879. Pochyta simoni Lessert, 1925 is transferred to the newly established genus Kibo gen. n., and a new combination Kibo simoni comb. n. is proposed for it. Both P. albimana Simon, 1902 and P. pannosa Simon, 1903 are proposed as a junior synonym of P. spinosa Simon, 1901, the type species. P. occidentalis Simon, 1902 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. pulchra (Thorell, 1899). Lectotypes are designated for Pochyta insulana and P. simoni. Seven new species are described: Pochyta aurantiaca sp. n. (♂♀), P. equatorialis sp. n. (♂♀), P. lucida sp. n. (♀), P. maddisoni sp. n. (♂♀), P. tendicula sp. n. (♂)—all from Gabon, P. konilokho sp. n. (♂) from Guinea, and P. minuta sp. n. (♀) from Nigeria. The yet unknown females of Pochyta fastibilis Simon, 1903, P. major Simon, 1902 and P. pulchra (Thorell, 1899) are described for the first time. New distribution data for some species are given.
Ancylogastra, a new genus of Afrotropical Crambinae, with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambidae)
Authors: BASSI GRAZIANO , SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS , LÉGER THÉO , MÜLLER GÜNTER C. , KRAVCHENKO VASILIY D. , POLTAVSKY ALEXANDER N.
Published: October 2021

Ancylogastra Bassi & Poltavsky gen. n. is described to accommodate Cypholomia amphiaula Meyrick, 1934 (as A. amphiaula, comb. n.) and seven new species, all described and illustrated, as: A. boireaui Bassi & Sáfián sp. n., A. burundiana Bassi sp. n., A. coronata Bassi sp. n., A. endroedyi Bassi sp. n., A. gangraensis Bassi, Sáfián, Müller & †Kravchenko sp. n., A. ghanensis Bassi sp. n., and A. magnifica Bassi sp. n. Cypholomia Meyrick, 1933 is briefly discussed and C. crypsibela Meyrick, 1934 is transferred to Prionotalis Hampson, 1919 as Prionotalis crypsibela, comb. n.
Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae)
Authors: VIIDALEPP JAAN , KOSTJUK IGOR
Published: October 2021

The genus Hissarica Viidalepp (Geometridae, Geometrinae) is restored from synonymy with Xenochlorodes Warren. The moths and their male and female genitalia are illustrated and characterized in comparison with those of Hierochthonia Prout and Xenochlorodes. Taxonomic positions of “Hierochthonia” alexandraria Prout and Eucrostes petitaria Christoph are discussed and the new genus Ratsa Viidalepp & Kostjuk gen. nov. is established for them, creating the new combinations Ratsa alexandraria Prout and Ratsa petitaria Christoph.
Simulated Atmospheric Response to Four Projected Land-Use Land-Cover Change Scenarios for 2050 in the North-Central United States
Authors: Flanagan Paul Xavier , Mahmood Rezaul , Sohl Terry , Svoboda Mark , Wardlow Brian , Hayes Michael , Rappin Eric
Published: October 2021

Land-use land-cover change (LULCC) has become an important topic of research for the central United States because of the extensive conversion of the natural prairie into agricultural land, especially in the northern Great Plains. As a result, shifts in the natural climate (minimum/maximum temperature, precipitation, etc.) across the north-central United States have been observed, as noted within the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report. Thus, it is necessary to understand how further LULCC will affect the near-surface atmosphere, the lower troposphere, and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) atmosphere over this region. The goal of this work was to investigate the utility of a new future land-use land-cover (LULC) dataset within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system. The present study utilizes a modeled future land-use dataset developed by the Forecasting Scenarios of Land-Use Change (FORE-SCE) model to investigate the influence of future (2050) land use on a simulated PBL development within the WRF Model. Three primary areas of LULCC were identified within the FORE-SCE future LULC dataset across Nebraska and South Dakota. Variations in LULC between the 2005 LULC control simulation and four FORE-SCE simulations affected near-surface temperature (0.5°–1°C) and specific humidity (0.3–0.5 g kg−1). The differences noted in the temperature and moisture fields affected the development of the simulated PBL, leading to variations in PBL height and convective available potential energy. Overall, utilizing the FORE-SCE dataset within WRF produced notable differences relative to the control simulation over areas of LULCC represented in the FORE-SCE dataset.
“I am an African”: A Philosophical Enquiry of Identity and Culture
Authors: Mokhoathi Joel
Published: October 2021

With the public frenzy over Thabo Mbeki’s speech, “I am an African” that was delivered in 1996, South Africa has since become a subject of debate as to who is an African and what constitutes as African. This has been going on for almost two decades and a half now. Mbeki’s speech appears to have evoked solemn questions relating to the issues of identity and culture. Subsequent to that speech, the South African public began to question what it meant to be African. The central point of enquiry was: what makes one an African? Is it the color of their skin? Their citizenship? Or is one merely an African because others regard him or her as such? These and many other questions arise when one touches upon the subject of Africans. These perplexing questions, however, are not only unique to the South African context; they apply, to some extent, to the general continent of Africa. With talks and debates about African renaissance, decoloniality, and indigenization, the question of African identity and culture resurfaces. Here, the discussion hubs around the issue of African persona and what it means to be authentically African. By means of document analysis, this paper critically employs a philosophical approach in order to grapple with the subject of identity and culture. This is done through a systematic discussion of the following facets: (a) history, (b) identity, and (c) culture. These three facets are therefore critically engaged in order to establish what constitute an African and what can be characterized as an African identity.
Clinical Characteristics Between Survivors and Nonsurvivors of COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Support: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Woon Hean , Saha Biplab K. , Medarov Boris I.
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for refractory respiratory failure, severe cardiac dysfunction, and bridge to lung transplantation has been steadily increasing during the ongoing global pandemic. Objective: Our meta-analysis aims to compare the clinical characteristics between COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors requiring ECMO support. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed between December first, 2019, to June first, 2021. Studies with comparative data of COVID-19 ECMO patients were selected, in which clinical characteristics and complications were assessed. Results: Sixteen cohort studies involving 706 COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO support with pooled mortality rate of 40% were included. Younger age (mean 51 years vs 55 years; P < .001), fewer comorbidities (23% vs 31%; odds ratio [OR] 0.55; P  =  .02), and less renal replacement therapy (RRT) (21% vs 39%; OR 0.41; P  =  .007) and vasopressor (76% vs 92%; OR 0.35; P  =  .008) requirement were demonstrated in COVID-19 survivors requiring ECMO support than nonsurvivors. Survivors also had higher pre-ECMO pH (mean 7.33 vs 7.26; P < .001) than nonsurvivors. No difference was observed in gender, body mass index, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) before ECMO support initiation, total ECMO support duration, and pre-ECMO parameters of PaO2/FiO2 ratio, tidal volume (mL/kg), positive end-expiratory pressure, and plateau pressure. The rate of bleeding complications was lower in survivors (32% vs 59%; OR 0.36; P  =  .001) than nonsurvivors, but no difference was observed in thromboembolism and secondary infections. Conclusions: We found advanced age, multiple comorbidities, lower pre-ECMO pH, greater RRT, and vasopressor requirements, and bleeding are predictors of death in COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO support. The duration of MV before ECMO support initiation and total ECMO support duration was similar among survivors and nonsurvivors. Our study results have important clinical implications when considering ECMO support in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
The effect of COVID-19 on the peer-to-peer rental market
Authors: Llaneza Hesse Catalina , Raya Vílchez Josep Maria
Published: October 2021

Based on fine-grained data on short-term accommodations for the city of Barcelona, we review the uneven impact of the pandemic on the short-term market, differentiating the supply by type of accommodation: single room versus entire flat/house, and type of host: professionalized versus non-professionalized. Using a fixed effects approach at property level, we estimate an average decrease in prices of 11.3% in entire flat/house and 4.7% in single rooms. For professionalized supply, the effect arrived to 13.6% and 9.8%, respectively. Finally, a growth in minimum stay was experienced by all types, but with a stronger effect on professionalized accommodations. We suggest that the supply adaptation strategy to accommodate the decreasing demand, especially by professionalized hosts, was to attract a more stable demand coupled with lower prices and longer stays. In addition, the type of short-term supply that experienced the strongest drop in occupancy was the non-professionalized segment, loosing around 41% of their bookings between April 2020 and January 2021.