bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant Potential of Anacardium Occidentale Linn.: A Phytochemical, in Vivo, and in Silico Evaluations
Authors: Senjobi Comfort T. , Senjobi Abimbola H. , Soremekun Oladimeji E. , Olugbogi Ezekiel A. , Adehin Oluwatobiloba H. , Lawal Iretiola O. , James-Edwards ldoko S. , Arietarhire Leviticus O.
Published: July 2024

Clinical depression, a prevalent mental disorder, poses significant challenges worldwide, coupled with the adverse effects of its current pharmacotherapies. This study explores the antidepressant potential of Anacardium occidentale, a plant known for its pharmacological properties, aiming to offer a safer, more effective alternative for treating clinical depression. We conducted qualitative phytochemical screening of A. occidentale leaves and assessed the antidepressant activity using behavioural tests (Tail Suspension Test and Forced Swim Test) on Swiss albino mice. Additionally, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic screening were performed to evaluate the interaction and efficacy of the plant’s bioactive compounds with serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. The phytochemical analysis identified multiple bioactive compounds, predominantly alkaloids and phenolics. Behavioural tests indicated significant antidepressant activity at dosages of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, comparable to the standard drug Amitriptyline. Molecular docking highlighted strong binding affinities of the bioactive compounds, particularly Epigallocatechin and Quercetin, to serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Pharmacokinetic profiles suggested favourable absorption and metabolic characteristics, although some compounds exhibited potential toxicity risks. In conclusion, A. occidentale demonstrated potential as an effective natural antidepressant, influenced by its rich phytochemical content. The computational and in vivo findings suggest that specific compounds could serve as viable candidates for further drug development, with the potential to mitigate the limitations of current antidepressant therapies. Further research is recommended to validate these findings and advance clinical applications.
The Landscape of Medicare Policies for Gender-affirming Surgeries in Canada: An Environmental Scan.
Authors: Gwun Dave , Snow Brennan , Potter Emery , Walker Rachel Loewen , Millman Alexandra L. , Krakowsky Yonah , Lorello Gianni R. , Du Mont Janice , Barker Lucy C. , Lezard Percy , Sivagurunathan Marudan , Urbach David , Armstrong Kathleen
Published: July 2024

Background
Many studies have described barriers to gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in Canada; however, few have explored why these barriers persist. To address this knowledge gap, we sought to describe documents related to public health insurance (Medicare) for GAS to identify the types of procedures covered, variations in coverage across provinces and territories, and changes in policy over time.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an environmental scan approach. We queried 23 government websites, the Google search engine, and an online legal database between July 2022 and April 2024 to gather gray literature documents related to GAS and Medicare. Variables from relevant documents were compiled to create a present, at-glance overview of GAS Medicare coverage for all provinces and territories and a timeline of policy changes across Canada.
Results
Eight provinces and three territories had documents or websites related to GAS Medicare coverage (85%). We identified 15 GAS procedures that were covered variably across Canada. Yukon (n = 14) covered the most types of GAS, while Quebec and Saskatchewan covered the least (n = 6). Mastectomy and genital surgeries were covered across Canada, but other GAS were rarely covered. Five provinces and territories provided coverage for travel-related costs. Our GAS Medicare timeline showed differential expansion of GAS coverage in Canada over the last 25 years.
Conclusions
We provide previously unreported information regarding GAS Medicare coverage in Canada. We hope our findings will help patients and healthcare providers navigate a complicated public healthcare system. We also highlight barriers within GAS Medicare documents and make recommendations to alleviate those barriers.
Effects of activities participation on frailty of older adults in China
Authors: Ni Zihan , Zhu Xiuyuan , Shen Yuxin , Zhu Xiaoying , Xie Shiyu , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

Background and objective
Frailty represents a significant health challenge among older adults, necessitating effective interventions to enhance their overall well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of various types of activity participation on frailty in older adults and to elucidate their intrinsic associations, thereby providing a basis for targeted interventions.
Methods
The study utilized the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020). The research employed multiple linear regression and mediation analysis to explore the effects of different types of activities on the frailty status of older adults and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, propensity score matching was conducted to robustly test the regression results.
Results
The study found that physical, social, economic, information and sleep activities all had significant positive effects on the frailty status of older adults. Additionally, physical activity was illustrated to alleviate frailty status by improving sleep duration, and information activity could further increase social activity participation among older adults, thus improving frailty status.
Conclusion
Older adults should enhance their participation in various activities to alleviate frailty. This can be primarily achieved through the following three aspects: engaging in moderate physical exercise, fostering and promoting awareness of volunteer services, and popularizing the use of information technology.
Isolation of human pathogenic Candida species colonising plastic wastes: environmental screening for drug resistance, thermotolerance, and virulence of ‘WHO Priority Fungal Pathogens’
Authors: Metcalf Rebecca , Akinbobola Ayorinde , Quilliam Richard S.
Published: July 2024

Plastic pollution can provide an important substrate for the survival and dissemination of a range of human pathogens, and could increase potential transfer routes to humans. Recently, five species of the pathogenic yeast Candida have been classified as priority fungal pathogens by the WHO, yet viable pathogenic species of Candida have never before been isolated from environmental plastic pollution. Therefore, we tested whether plastic pollutants in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments were colonised by Candida. We successfully isolated five species (C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. sojae, C. pseudolambica), which includes two that are on the WHO fungal priority pathogens list. All environmental isolates were resistant to at least one antifungal drug, thermotolerant to human body temperature, and in many cases more pathogenic than comparable clinical isolates (when virulence was assessed in a Galleria mellonella model of infection). The incidence of candidiasis, particularly by drug resistant strains, is globally increasing, and it is therefore critical that we increase our focus on the environmental persistence of these pathogens, and the role of environmental plastic pollution as novel transfer routes for enhanced human exposure.
Testing preload responsiveness by the tidal volume challenge assessed by the plethysmographic perfusion index
Authors: BRUSCAGNIN Chiara , SHI Rui , ROSALBA Daniela , FOUQUE Gaelle , HAGRY Julien , LAI Christopher , DONADELLO Katia , TEBOUL Jean-Louis , MONNET Xavier
Published: July 2024

Background
To detect preload responsiveness in patients ventilated with a tidal volume (Vt) at 6 mL/kg, the Vt challenge consists in increasing Vt from 6 to 8 mL/kg and measuring the induced increase in pulse pressure variation (PPV). However, this requires an arterial catheter. The perfusion index (PI), which reflects the amplitude of the plethysmographic signal, may reflect stroke volume and its respiratory variation (pleth variability index, PVI) may be a surrogate of PPV. We assessed whether changes in PVI or PI during a Vt challenge could be as reliable as changes in PPV for detecting preload responsiveness.
Methods
In critically ill patients mechanically ventilated with Vt = 6 mL/kg and no spontaneous breathing activity, monitored with a PiCCO2 system and a Masimo SET technique (sensor placed on the finger or the forehead), haemodynamic data were recorded during a Vt challenge and a passive leg raising (PLR) test. Preload responsiveness was defined by a PLR-induced increase in cardiac index ≥ 10%.
Results
Among 63 screened patients, 21 were excluded because of an unstable PI signal and/or atrial fibrillation. Among the 42 included patients, 16 were preload responders. During the Vt challenge in preload responders, PPV (absolute change), PI measured on the finger (percent change), PVI measured on the finger (absolute change), PI measured on the forehead (percent change) and PVI measured on the forehead (absolute change) changed by 4.4 ± 1.9%, -14.5 ± 10.7%, 1.9 ± 2.6%, -18.7 ± 10.9 and 1.0 ± 2.5, respectively. All these changes were significantly larger than in preload non-responders.
Acupuncture for rescue workers with post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trail
Authors: Lu Xiaoguang , Luan Hengyu , Li Dongyao , Gong Rufang , Li Qiongxuan , Guan Ling , Sai Xiaoyong
Published: July 2024

Importance: Rescue workers are at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the high-intensity nature. Efficacy of acupuncture for PTSD has been reported. However, to date, there have been no reports of acupuncture interventions for rescue workers who screen positive for acute or chronic stress.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating rescue workers who screened positive for PTSD.
Design, setting, and participants: The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) were used to screen 5098 high-stress rescue workers between June and August 2022, of which 149 screening positive. Sixty participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The control and treatment groups received psychodynamic therapy and acupuncture treatment, respectively, once a week for 6 weeks. Participants were blinded to their own grouping. The efficacy evaluators, subjects and statistical analysts were blinded.
Interventions: Weekly acupuncture or psychodynamic therapy for 6 weeks.
Main outcomes and measures: Scores on the PCL-5 and the ASDS were used as primary outcomes from baseline to 6 weeks. Any adverse effects and side effects experienced during the study were recoded.
Results: A total of 43 participants were enrolled (mean (P25, P75) age, 22(21, 25) years; 43 men [97.7%]) underwent randomization. The demographic and baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. After 6 weeks intervention, the ASDS and total PCL-5 scores of participants in both groups reduced significantly. Compared with the control group, acupuncture group resulted in a significantly greater decrease in scores. The between-group differences were -7.87(95%CI, -15.48 to -0.26; P=0.043) in the ASD score and -8.04(95%CI, -15.63to-0.46; P=0.038) in PCL score. There were no serious adverse events.
Conclusion and relevance: In this random clinical trial of rescue workers who screened positive for PTSD, acupuncture has been shown to serve as a safe and efficient early intervention. Acupuncture may be implemented before and after a disaster strikes in order to minimize mental health problems among rescue workers, and thus save as many lives as possible.
Trail registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900023441.
Analysis of prognostic and predictive factors of isolated chest wall recurrence in breast cancer after mastectomy
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Gao Ming , Yan Huan , You Junhao , Ding Lijuan , Dai Guanghai , Zhang Xia
Published: July 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, molecular subtypes, and factors influencing metastasis in patients with breast cancer chest wall metastasis.
Methods: We collected the clinical data of patients who developed isolated chest wall metastasis following radical surgery for breast cancer. The molecular subtypes of the primary lesions and secondary biopsy lesions in patients with chest wall metastasis were analyzed and summarized. The disease-free survival (DFS) after breast cancer surgery and its influencing factors were also documented.
Results: Of the 99 cases of isolated chest wall recurrence included in our study, DFS varied from 1 to 264 months, with a median DFS of 36 months. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 44.6%, while the 5-year rate was 24.2%. Molecular subtype changes occurred in a total of 28 cases before and after metastasis, accounting for 34% of the cases. COX multivariate analysis revealed that pathological type, surgical staging, postoperative expression status of ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), Ki-67, HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), and the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery were independent factors affecting chest wall recurrence and metastasis.
Conclusion: Local recurrence after breast cancer surgery increases the risk of distant metastasis. Identifying high-risk factors for recurrence enables the tailoring of individualized comprehensive treatment plans based on the patient's condition, thus reducing the risk of local recurrence and improving survival outcomes.
Reactive Extrusion of Cellulose Esters in Ionic Liquid: Exploring Properties and Performance Across Different Cellulose Types and Degree of Polymerizations
Authors: Tarasova Elvira , Krasnou Illia , Enkhsaikhan Giiguulen , Abousharabia Ibrahim , Nunes Caio César Zandonadi , Karthegesu Darshni , Savale Nutan , Kontturi Eero , Krumme Andres
Published: July 2024

This study compares the efficacy of reactive extrusion and traditional reactor methods in altering cellulose structure to produce cellulose esters (CEs) with targeted properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) afford high cellulose solubility and recyclability, while chemical reactors enable complete cellulose dissolution and homogeneous transesterification. However, prolonged reaction times and potential oxidation issues necessitate further optimization. Conversely, reactive extrusion allows shorter reaction times, reduced solvent usage, and scalability. The current study aims to investigate how the type of cellulose (microcrystalline and fibrous) and its degree of polymerization (DP) affect the transesterification process and properties of CEs produced by reactive extrusion, as opposed to traditional methods. It was obtained that it is possible to produce cellulose laurates (CLs) with a degree of substitution (DS) of up to 2.5 via reactive extrusion. Examination of CLs obtained from the reactor (R-CLs) and reactive extrusion (REX-CLs) reveals structural properties diverging, with REX-CLs maintaining residual crystallinity despite esterification. Additionally, reactive extrusion produces CLs with lower molar mass (MM) due to a reduced DS, and in the case of fibrous celluloses, shear-induced degradation may occur. Cellulose DP emerges as pivotal for attaining desired thermal stability, with higher DP compounds displaying enhanced resistance to thermal degradation. Furthermore, reactive extrusion enhances the thermal stability of CLs compared to traditional methods. However, comparative rheological analysis reveals that REX-CLs exhibit higher complex viscosity and G-moduli values than R-CLs. This phenomenon suggests that the structural arrangement of REX-CLs promotes intermolecular interactions, contributing to increased viscosity and stiffness. Reactive extrusion in an ionic liquid environment shows promise for scaled-up production of CEs with tailored properties. This indicates its potential as a sustainable and efficient manufacturing method for cellulose-based materials.
Effect of nursing intervention based on resourcefulness theory on fertility anxiety of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Yin Ping , Ding Xia , Li Wen-Hui , Qu Ping , Zhang Long-yu , LI Na
Published: July 2024

Objective: To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on resourcefulness theory on fertility anxiety of ovarian cancer patients.
Methods: 64 patients with ovarian cancer who were treated in hospital from May 2019 to September 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the patients were divided into control group and intervention group with 32 cases in each group by random number table. The control group was given routine nursing, and the intervention group was given nursing intervention based on the wisdom theory. The post-cancer fertility worry Scale, self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), comprehensive Quality of Life questionnaire (GQOLI-74) and self-made nursing satisfaction questionnaire were used before and after intervention to evaluate the fertility worry, depression, anxiety, quality of life and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients.
Results: After intervention, the fertility worry score, SDS score and SAS score of the two groups were decreased, and the fertility worry score, SDS score and SAS score of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the material life, social function, psychological function, physical function and GQOLI-74 total score of the intervention group were significantly improved compared with the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of intervention group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Nursing intervention based on the wisdom theory can significantly reduce the fertility worries of ovarian cancer patients, relieve depression and anxiety, improve quality of life, and enhance nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical reference and promotion.
Phase II clinical study of SRS combined with osimertinib in the treatment of EGFR positive non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: wangti Xie , yu Wu , xiaoshan Cheng , jianbing Hu , fang Wen , jia Xiao , pan Luo , yuqi Su , xiang Yao , jianlong Fang , rong Dang , xianggan Huang , dunqian Liu , jie Weng
Published: July 2024

Objective
To observe the safety and efficacy of SRS synchronous osimertinib compared with osimertinib alone in the treatment of patients with brain metastasis of EGFR positive non-small cell lung cancer.
Methods Select the EGFR positive non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020. The experimental group: 30 patients were treated with SRS combined with osimertinib. SRS treatment: prescription dose (d = 0-40mm, 27Gy/3f); Targeted treatment scheme: osimertinib, 80mg/day, taken orally after SRS treatment; Control group: 30 patients were treated with osimertinib alone; osimertinib was maintained until disease progression (PD) or adverse reactions were intolerable. PFS, ORR, DCR and AEs of intracranial lesions were observed.
Results This study plans to include 60 patients, with a median age of 54.8 (35–79) years, including 41 males and 19 females, with a median follow-up time of 34.5 (30–42) months; There were 30 cases in the experimental group and 30 cases in the control group, respectively. The ORR of intracranial lesions in the two groups were 96.67% and 66.67% respectively, with significant statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.003); The DCR of intracranial lesions were 100% and 96.67% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.313); The median PFS of intracranial lesions were 26.5 months and 16.5 months, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001); The most common adverse event of radiotherapy was radioactive brain edema. The incidence of grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ in the experimental group was 43.33%. After treatment of intracranial pressure reduction, it improved, and no grade Ⅲ - Ⅳ radioactive brain edema occurred; The second adverse event was osimertinib Ⅰ - Ⅱ, mainly including diarrhea, rash, oral ulcer, etc.
Conclusions SRS synchronous osimertinib therapy is more effective than simple osimertinib in the treatment of brain metastasis of EGFR positive non-small cell lung cancer patients, and the side effects are tolerable. We look forward to further large phase III clinical studies to confirm it.
Trial Registration
This study was registered with China Clinical Trial Registration Center (www.chictr.org.cn, identifier:ChiCTR1900025626,Reg Date:2019/09/03)
Can Early Dietary Intervention Attenuate Weight Gain in Children Receiving Treatment for Graves’ disease?
Authors: Alradadi Rasha , Chen Melinda , Cleveland Jenniffer , Spears Nicole , Eugster Erica
Published: July 2024

Background:
Previous studies have demonstrated that many children become overweight following the treatment of Graves’ disease, regardless of the therapeutic modality used.
Objective:
To investigate whether dietary counseling early in the treatment course of Graves’ disease can mitigate the degree of subsequent weight gain.
Design: Prospective cohort study
Setting: Outpatient clinic at tertiary center
Subject and Methods:
Patients presenting with a new diagnosis of Graves’ disease were eligible for the study.
Children and their parents participated in a single session with a registered dietitian within 3 months of their initial visit. The content focused on the nutritional value of common foods, how to make healthy choices and what comprised an age-appropriate caloric intake. At each visit BMI z-scores were calculated.
Main outcome measures: Change in BMI SDS from baseline to the most recent clinic visit was determined.
Result:
Twenty-three patients (4 boys) aged 13.3 (2.8) years were enrolled. Twelve (52.2%) received radioactive iodine ablation, 3 (13 %) underwent thyroidectomy and 8 (34.9%) received methimazole. Of the 23 patients, 12 (52.2%) remained in the same weight category, 10 (43.5%) moved into a higher weight category and one (4.3 %) moved to a lower category. Mean BMI SDS was 0.53 (1.4) at baseline and 0.87 (1.2) at follow-up, p=0.3667. No differences were seen in the degree of weight gain by treatment group or gender (p= 0.095).
Conclusion:
No change in BMI SDS was observed ~two years after the treatment of Graves’ disease in our patients. Formal dietary consultations early in the treatment course represent an inexpensive intervention designed to prevent the excessive weight gain that often follows the treatment of Graves’s disease. Larger studies will be helpful in determining whether they should become part of the standard management of Graves’ disease in pediatric patients.
Limitation:
The small sample size and lack of a prospective control group. Instead, we used a published historical cohort followed at our institution as a comparator
Medaka liver developed Human NAFLD-NASH transcriptional signatures in response to ancestral bisphenol A exposure
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Anand Santosh , Bhandari Ramji Kumar
Published: July 2024

The progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of death in humans. Lifestyles and environmental chemical exposures can increase the susceptibility of humans to NASH. In humans, the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in urine is associated with fatty liver disease, but whether ancestral BPA exposure leads to the activation of human NAFLD-NASH-associated genes in the unexposed descendants is unclear. In this study, using medaka fish as an animal model for human NAFLD, we investigated the transcriptional signatures of human NAFLD-NASH and their associated roles in the pathogenesis of the liver of fish that were not directly exposed, but their ancestors were exposed to BPA during embryonic and perinatal development three generations prior. Comparison of bulk RNA-Seq data of the liver in BPA lineage male and female medaka with publicly available human NAFLD-NASH patient data revealed transgenerational alterations in the transcriptional signature of human NAFLD-NASH in medaka liver. Twenty percent of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated in both human NAFLD patients and medaka. Specifically in females, among the total shared DEGs in the liver of BPA lineage fish and NAFLD patient groups, 27.69% were downregulated, and 20% were upregulated. Of all DEGs, 52.31% of DEGs were found in ancestral BPA-lineage females, suggesting that NAFLD in females shared the majority of human NAFLD gene networks. Pathway analysis revealed beta-oxidation, lipoprotein metabolism, and HDL/LDL-mediated transport processes linked to downregulated DEGs in BPA lineage males and females. In contrast, the expression of genes encoding lipogenesis-related proteins was significantly elevated in the liver of BPA lineage females only. BPA lineage females exhibiting activation of myc, atf4, xbp1, stat4, and cancerous pathways, as well as inactivation of igf1, suggest their possible association with an advanced NAFLD phenotype. The present results suggest that gene networks involved in the progression of human NAFLD and the transgenerational NAFLD in medaka are conserved and that medaka can be an excellent animal model to understand the development and progression of liver disease and environmental influences in the liver.
Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Garcia-Batista Zoilo Emilio , Guerra-Peña Kiero , Alvarez-Hernandez Adriana Maria , CANO-VINDEL ANTONIO , Muñoz-Navarro Roger , Moretti Luciana Sofia , Espinal-Martinez Jairo , Medrano Leonardo
Published: July 2024

The PHQ-9 is a globally recognized and widely used tool for screening depression. Its importance lies in its ability to assess the DSM criteria for depressive disorders, allowing both diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the condition. However, despite its prevalence internationally, no comprehensive studies on its psychometric properties have been carried out in the Dominican Republic. This lack of reliable and valid psychometric instruments to assess depression entails several significant challenges. On the one hand, it limits diagnostic accuracy, which may result in incorrect or incomplete detection of depressive symptoms. In addition, it hinders proper assessment of the symptomatology and severity of the disorder, which could lead to inappropriate treatments. It also restricts the possibilities for research on depression in the specific context of the Dominican Republic, which hinders a complete understanding of the disease in terms of its cultural and social characteristics. To address this gap in the literature, this study set out to examine the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 in the Dominican population. For this purpose, we relied on the participation of 1437 Dominicans. The results obtained provide favorable evidence on validity and reliability. In terms of internal structure, a unidimensional model was found to explain a significant proportion of the variability in the responses. In addition, confirmatory analyses showed an excellent fit of the proposed model. In terms of reliability, both McDonald's Omega coefficient and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient yielded values above the accepted threshold of 0.70, indicating adequate internal consistency. Likewise, a strong association was verified between the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, providing additional evidence of criterion validity. These results support previous findings and suggest that the PHQ-9 is a reliable and valid tool to assess depression in the Dominican population.
Biomechanics and clinical outcomes of “barrel handle” connecting rods used in INFIX internal fixation for unstable pelvic fractures: a cadaveric biomechanical study and retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Hongfen , Wu Gen , Ma Sushuang , Li Yanbing , Zhong Hua
Published: July 2024

Background
This study aimed to compare the biomechanical stability and clinical outcomes of a bent “barrel handle” connecting rod with a conventional “arc” rod when using the anterior subcutaneous internal fixator (INFIX) for unstable pelvic fractures.
Method
Type C1 pelvic ring injury model specimens were created by performing sacral foramen and pubic ramus osteotomies in 16 cadaveric pelvises. The models were randomly divided into group A (INFIX S1 screw fixation using a “barrel handle” connecting rod) and group B (INFIX S1 screw fixation using an “arc” connecting rod). Each model underwent vertical loading of 200–800 N, and the horizontal and vertical displacement distances of the fractured ends of the pubic ramus were recorded at 200, 400, 600, and 800 N. The treatment outcomes of 37 patients with unstable pelvic fractures were retrospectively evaluated. Among these, 15 patients were treated with the INFIX using the “barrel handle” connecting rods, while 22 were treated with the INFIX using the “arc” connecting rod. Outcome measures were postoperative complications (ectopic ossification, anterior exothelial nerve injury, infection), fracture reduction quality (Matta score), and postoperative function (Majeed score).
Results
The experiments showed no significant differences between groups A and B in the horizontal and vertical displacements after vertical compression. Among the 39 clinical cases, two patients were lost to follow-up. The demographic characteristics (sex and age), fracture classification, Injury Severity Score, and body mass index of the two groups were not comparable (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in fracture reduction quality, postoperative function, and postoperative complications, except for ectopic ossification. The incidences of anterior exothelial nerve injury and wound infection were significantly lower in the group treated with the INFIX using the “barrel handle” connecting rod than in the group treated with the INFIX using the “arc” connecting rod.
Conclusion
The INFIX using a “barrel handle” connecting rod achieves similar biomechanical stability and favorable clinical outcomes compared with the INFIX using an “arc” connecting rod. Furthermore, use of the INFIX with “barrel handle” connecting rods significantly reduces the incidences of postoperative wound infection and anterior exocortical nerve injury.
Observation of floating surface state in obstructed atomic insulator candidate NiP2
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Xiang-Rui , Zhu Mingyuan , Feng Yuanwen , Zeng Meng , Ma Xiaoming , Hao Yu-Jie , Dai Yue , Luo Ronghao , Yamagami Kohei , Liu Yi , Cui Shengtao , Sun Zhe , Liu Jiayu , Liu Zhengtai , Ye Mao , Shen Dawei , Li Bing
Published: July 2024

Obstructed atomic insulator is recently proposed as an unconventional material, in which electric charge centers localized at sites away from the atoms. A half-filling surface state would emerge at specific interfaces cutting through these charge centers and avoid intersecting any atoms. In this article, we utilized angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to study one of the obstructed atomic insulator candidates, NiP2. A floating surface state with large effective mass that is isolated from all bulk states is resolved on the (100) cleavage plane, distinct from previously reported surface states in obstructed atomic insulators that are merged into bulk bands. Density functional theory calculation results elucidate that this floating surface state is originated from the obstructed Wannier charge centers, albeit underwent surface reconstruction that splits the half-filled obstructed surface state. Our findings not only shed lights on the spectroscopy study of obstructed atomic insulators and obstructed surface states, but also provide possible route for development of new catalysts.
Lived experience of having lymphedema after treatment of head and neck cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Arends Coralie R. , Molen Lisette van der , Brekel Michiel W.M. van den , Stuiver Martijn M. , Sluis Klaske van
Published: July 2024

Background
Head and neck lymphedema (HNL) is an accumulation of interstitial protein-rich fluid. During treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), lymphatic vessels may be removed or damaged, causing a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system among 75% of the patients. To explore the lived experience of patients with head and neck lymphedema as a residual symptom after head and neck cancer treatment.
Methods
We performed a qualitative study using a narrative approach. Participants were eligible when they had lymphedema after completed curative HNC treatment. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis according to Braun et al. A maximum sampling strategy was used to include a diverse group of participants.
Results
Ten participants, five men and five women, were interviewed. Three main themes emerged. “One of many issues” highlighted the difficulty participants faced in distinguishing lymphedema from other symptoms they experienced. The second theme “Having lymphedema & dealing with it,” covers how the participants described their lymphedema and its impact on their social life. The third theme “Knowing and controlling my lymphedema,” covered the participants’ ability to recognize and manage their lymphedema, including self-management.
Conclusions
Our study shows that lymphedema is part of a larger palette of residual symptoms after HNC treatment. While it took some time to adjust to having lymphedema, it has minimal impact on social aspects in this sample. Participants showed high therapy compliance and used self-management techniques effectively. Our findings also emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to recognize the interdependence between lymphedema and other residual symptoms and address them in an integrated manner.
Prophylactic Dextrose Gel Use in Newborns at Risk for Hypoglycemia
Authors: Dumpa Vikramaditya , Devarapalli Venkatasai , Niven Makenzie , Canonigo Jared , Spray Beverly , Avulakunta Indirapriya , Beavers Jared , Andrews Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Objective:To assess the impact of prophylactic dextrose gel on short-term outcomes in infants at risk for hypoglycemia.Methods:Retrospective, single-center, pre and post-intervention study of neonates at risk for hypoglycemia -infants of diabetic mothers, large and small for gestational age infants, born between January 2015 and May 2023. Infants were categorized into two groups for analysis. 1. Pre- dextrose gel (01/2015 to 04/2018, n=788) and 2. Dextrose gel (01/2019 to 05/2023, n=1495). Infant demographic data and outcome variables were compared between the two groups.Results:2283 infants were eligible. Prophylactic dextrose gel use was associated with decreased admission rates to NICU secondary to hypoglycemia (2.7% vs. 6.5%), reduced incidence of hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours (32% vs. 43.3%), and higher exclusive breastmilk use at discharge (47% vs. 37.3%).Conclusion: The use of prophylactic dextrose gel in certain high-risk newborns was associated with improved patient outcomes.
Diabetic striatopathy with stroke-like symptoms: A case report
Authors: Alonso-Ramírez Angie Carolina , Araque-Amaya Consuelo María , Márquez-Rosales Benjamín Alexander , Calderón-Martínez Ernesto
Published: July 2024

Background
Diabetic striatopathy, also known as nonketotic hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea, is a rare neurological complication of diabetes and is characterized by hemichorea or hemiballismus associated with hyperdense changes on computed tomography (CT) or hyperintensities on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in the contralateral basal ganglia in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. A number of theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of this disease, including petechial hemorrhage, mineral deposition, myelin destruction, and infarction with astrocytosis. Glycemic control is usually the first-line treatment, followed by antidopaminergic medications less often, which results in symptom improvement.
Case presentation:
A 68-year-old female patient with a history of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency department with stereotyped choreic movements predominantly affecting the left side of her body, associated with moderate shoulder and posterior neck pain, dysarthria and left hemiparesis. On physical examination, choreic movements were observed on the left side of the body, trunk, and head with mild left hemiparesis and dysarthria. Initial investigations revealed hyperglycemia (hemoglobin A1c 11.1%) and decreased renal function (creatinine 1.51 mg/dl), with a normal CT scan of the brain. She was initially prescribed levodopa and amantadine, followed by valproic acid, without any improvement. MRI revealed a hyperintensity in the right lentiform nucleus, consistent with diabetic striatopathy. Internal medicine managed her comorbidities, optimizing her glycemic and blood pressure control. Quetiapine was initiated, leading to significant improvement. Symptomatic management with quetiapine was continued, and she was discharged with medication adjustments and a neurology follow-up appointment.
Conclusions
Diabetic striatopathy is a rare neurological condition that affects diabetic patients and can be commonly misdiagnosed when presented with other neurological symptoms. However, it is important for physicians to be aware of this condition because, if properly treated, it has a good prognosis and can lead to improved quality of life for patients.
Research on DXA bone density measurements and trabecular bone scores in obese Chinese women and men before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: You Huimin , Shang Jingjie , Huang Zhenjun , He Wenjun , Zheng Chunping , Xu Hao , Gong Jian
Published: July 2024

Objective
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to analyze body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) parameters and the trabecular bone score (TBS) in obese patients before, 3 months after and 1 year after bariatric surgery as a method to evaluate the changes in BMD and skeletal microarchitecture (MA) in obese patients after bariatric surgery and to provide a basis for further accurate assessment of the bone health status of this population and subsequent treatment.
Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of 167 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and DXA bone density measurements in our hospital from June 2017 to December 2022. Forty-one patients underwent DXA imaging before surgery and 3 months and 1 year after surgery. First, the changes in BMD and TBS before and after surgery were analyzed. Then, the changes in BMD and TBS before and after surgery were analyzed according to sex and obesity groups. Finally, the correlations between the TBS or BMD and body composition 1 year after surgery were analyzed.
Results
Before bariatric surgery, the Z scores of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip and the BMD of the femoral neck of females were lower than those of males (p < 0.05), but the average values were normal. Changes in the BMD and TBS were related to time, the degree of obesity and sex. Changes in the TBS were closely related to changes in the BMD, and the trends in the changes in the BMD were basically the same among the different groups of obese individuals of different sexes. A negative correlation was observed between the TBS and fat percentage (total body, legs, trunk, android area) and the lumbar spine Z score in patients 1 year after bariatric surgery (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Bariatric surgery in obese patients has no obvious adverse effects on BMD or TBS. DXA can better evaluate the changes in BMD and MA in obese patients after bariatric surgery, providing a basis for the clinical evaluation of the postbariatric efficacy of bariatric surgery in obese patients and subsequent accurate assessment of the bone health status and treatment of this population.
Studies on floral organ Structure and female and male gametophyte development of Pseudosasa subsolida S. L. Chen & G. Y. Sheng
Authors: Jiang Bonan , Cao Zhihua , Yang Dejia , Wang Yongmei , Ma Yingchun , Zhang Shiqi , Zhan Hui , Yu Lixia , Wang Shuguang , Li Juan
Published: July 2024

Pseudosasa subsolida belongs to Poaceae Pseudosasa, Because of its unique flowering cycle of bamboo plants and the physiological characteristics of asexual reproduction, The acquisition of the floral material from Pseudosasa subsolida poses significant challenges. A comprehensive anatomical study on the floral organs and the development of female and male gametes of P. subsolida was conducted in 2021 at Southwest Forestry University (Kunming,Yunnan,China) to investigate the influencing factors of its low seed setting rate, utilizing routine paraffin section methods. The results revealed that the spikelet of P. subsolidaexhibited the characteristics of a pseudospikelet with a latent bud, while the inflorescence displayed traits of an infinite inflorescence. Each spikelet contained approximately 10–16 florets and was accompanied by two bracts at its base. The fundamental structure of the florets comprised one lemma, one palea, three lodicules, three stamens, and one pistil. Many anomalies were still observed at later stages of anther development. These abnormalities included the failure of pollen grain formation, shrinkage deformation in the drug sac and tapetum cells, and the absence of middle layer cells. Additionally, microspores appeared hollow with no discernible contents. The primary factor contributing to the low seed setting rate of P. subsolidawas the aberrant development of male gametophytes. The significance of this study lay in its pioneering exploration of the reproductive structure of P. subsolida,and provide a theoretical reference for the fundamental examination of flower structure.
First encounters with five non-native diaspidids in India
Authors: Joshi Sunil , Gouthami Desavath , Bhaskar Haseena , Ganganalli Sharanabasappa M. , Swamy Kalleshwara , Nand Satya
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the records of alien scale insects and their possible spread and probable threat to agricultural, horticultural crops and ornamentals grown indoors and outdoors. The scale insects were mostly collected in open fields, and indoor plants grown in residential and office areas. New records of the following alien armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are presented: Duplaspidiotus claviger (Cockerell), Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green, Kuwanaspis howardi (Cooley), Rutherfordia malloti (Rutherford) and Aulacaspis alisiana Takagi. Each of the five species is diagnosed with a combination of unique field and mounted identification characters. Ecological information on host plants, distribution, and economic importance is furnished.
Glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat
Authors: Bastogne Bérengère , Buysens Catherine , Schtickzelle Nicolas , Lalaymia Ismahen , Declerck Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are totally dependent on a suitable host plant for their carbon resources. Here, we investigated under in vitro conditions, the impact of defoliation practices, i.e. mechanical defoliation or chemical defoliation with a contact (Reglone®, containing the active ingredient diquat) or systemic (RoundUp®, containing the active ingredient glyphosate) herbicide, on the dynamics of spore production of Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus intraradices associated to Solanum tuberosum and/or Medicago truncatula. Glyphosate affected the spore production rate more rapidly and severely than diquat or mechanical defoliation. We hypothesize that this effect was related to the disruption of the C metabolism in the whole plant combined with a possible direct effect of glyphosate on the fungus within the roots and/or in the soil via the release of this active ingredient from decaying roots. No glyphosate could be detected in the roots due to technical constraints, while its release from the roots in the medium corresponded to 0.11% of the active ingredient applied to the leaves. The three defoliation practices strongly affected root colonization, compared to the non-defoliated plants. However, the amount of glyphosate released into the medium did not affect spore germination and germ tube growth. These results suggest that the effects of defoliation on the dynamics of spore production are mainly indirect via an impact on the plant, and that the effect is faster and more marked with the glyphosate-formulation, possibly via a direct effect on the fungus in the roots and more hypothetically on spore germination in the environment.
The Oomplet Dataset Toolkit: A flexible and extensible system for large-scale, multi-category image generation
Authors: Kasarda John P. , Zhang Angela , Tong Hua , Tan Yuan , Wang Ruizi , Verstynen Timothy , Tarr Michael
Published: July 2024

Understanding the dynamics of perceptual learning in humans, non-human animals, and artificial agents requires large stimulus sets with flexible features that can be used to discriminate across categorical groups. Here we introduce the Oomplet Dataset Toolkit (ODT), an open-source, publicly available toolbox for generating up to 9.1 million unique visual stimuli that are assembled across ten different feature dimensions. The resulting stimuli consist of cartoon-like humanoid characters -- ''Oomplets'' -- that are meant to be engaging, pleasant to look at, and can be appropriately used in research on a variety of populations, including children. Across several behavioral experiments, we show how eight of the ten possible dimensions that define an individual Ooomplet can be used by adults as effective classification boundaries for simple perceptual discrimination. The ODT thus provides a flexible and customizable way for generating very large and novel stimulus sets in order to study perceptual learning in both biological and artificial systems.
Thermal Aging Analysis of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymeric Thermal Interface Materials: Degradation and Performance Characteristics
Authors: Ramu S , Senthilkumar N , Raj Deepan
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the degradation and performance characteristics of a composite made of carbon quantum particles (CQD), bamboo fiber, and aluminized glass fiber. It also looks at the thermal aging analysis of polymeric thermal materials. Carefully extracted from sugarcane bagasse, a sustainable byproduct, are the CQD particles. The fabrication process involves compression molding, ensuring that the composite conforms to ASTM standards during characterization. Thermal aging experiments are conducted in a hot air oven at a consistent temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, spanning durations of 120, 240, and 360 days. Finding out how thermal aging affects the composite's mechanical qualities, dielectric characteristics, fatigue resistance, and thermal conductivity is the main goal. Observations reveal a certain level of decline in all thermal aged specimens when compared to non-aged counterparts, where the non-aged specimens consistently exhibit superior values in all properties. However, the decline values are deemed negligible and manageable due to their low magnitudes. These reduced drop in values highlight the ways that carbon quantum particles, stacked bamboo fibers, and aluminized glass fiber reinforce one another. The minimal reduction in properties demonstrates the composite material's ability to withstand high-temperature environments without compromising its overall performance. This study contributes valuable insights into the durability and reliability of polymeric thermal materials. The implications extend to diverse applications, including insulation, electrical components, and structural reinforcements even at high temperature areas.