bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on deformation and failure characteristics of oblique-cut locked rock slope under rainfall conditions
Authors: Wang Hu , Yuan Guangxiang , Huang Zhiquan , Dong Jun , Wei Yi
Published: June 2024

Based on the disaster-pregnant environment and development characteristics of landslide disasters in the western region of Henan Province, a generalized model was established by taking the “oblique-cut” locking rock slope in the layered rock slope as the research object. The numerical simulation method was used to analyze the deformation and failure mechanism and stability influence law of the oblique-cut locking rock slope in western Henan under rainfall conditions. The results show that the inclination angle of the weak interlayer directly affects the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope rock mass. With the increase of the geometric parameters of the slope and the inclination angle of the weak interlayer, the failure mechanism is manifested as the slip shear failure along the level at the foot of the slope → the slip shear failure along the level at the foot of the slope (the sliding surface moves upward) → the shear failure in the middle of the slope surface → the slip shear failure along the level at the foot of the slope (the sliding surface moves downward) → the uplift shear failure at the lower edge of the rock layer. When the dip angle of the weak interlayer is constant, the slope stability decreases gradually with the increase in slope gradient and slope height, and the geometric factors of the slope control the overall change trend of the slope stability coefficient. When the slope is greater than 55° and the slope height is greater than 55 m, the shear stress of the slope locking section exceeds its shear strength, and the probability of landslide instability is greatly increased.
Chemical improvement of soluble rocks: Foundation of Mosul Dam as case study
Authors: Aziz Aram , Soroush Abbas , Fattahi Seyed Mohammad , Imam Seyed Mohammad Reza , Ghahremani Mehrdad
Published: June 2024

The dissolution of soluble rocks (gypsum/anhydrite) beneath the Mosul Dam by water seepage has been observed upon the initial impoundment; consequently, several sinkholes have been manifested in the vicinity of the dam site. Traditional grouting has been envisaged as a potential remedy; however this measure has not eradicated the problem. The main purpose of this study is to overcome the solubility of the gypsum/anhydrite rocks using chemical grouts. Rock samples were acquired from the Fatha Formation outcrop and problematic layers of brecciated gypsum situated at varying depths beneath the Mosul Dam. Two commercially available liquid polymers, polyurethane (PU) and a mixture of acrylic and cement (ARC) were used to investigate their sealing performance in halting of the solubility of the rocks (gypsum/anhydrite). To simulate the dissolution phenomenon under the influence of artificial hydraulic pressure of the dam and the water flow in its abutments, two distinct laboratory models were devised. The outcomes from the experimental study on both untreated and treated samples revealed that the acrylic-cement composite (ARC) and polyurethane (PU) are influential polymers in halting the solubility of the gypsum rock samples under both factors of water pressure and high-velocity water flow.
Eribulin induces micronuclei and enhances the nuclear localization of cGAS in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Yamada Hideyuki , Takada Mamoru , Ghone Dhaval , Yu Muhan , Nagashima Takeshi , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Sakakibara Junta , Hasegawa Yoshie , Takao Shintaro , Yamada Akimitsu , Narui Kazutaka , Ishikawa Takashi , Suzuki Aussie , Otsuka Masayuki
Published: June 2024

Eribulin (ERI), clinically utilized for locally advanced or metastatic breast tumors, has shown potential links to the immune system. Notably, the cGAS-STING pathway, a key component of innate immunity, has gained prominence. Yet, limited reports explore ERI's effects on the cGAS-STING pathway. Additionally, the nuclear presence of cGAS remains poorly understood. This study uniquely delves into ERI’s impact on both the cytosolic cGAS-STING pathway and nuclear cGAS. ERI enhances nuclear localization of cGAS, resulting in hyper-activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Reduction of cGAS heightened both cell proliferation and ERI sensitivity. In clinical data using ERI in a neo-adjuvant setting, patients with low cGAS cases exhibited reduced likelihood of achieving pathological complete response after ERI treatment. These findings illuminate the potential of cGAS and IFNβ as predictive biomarkers for ERI sensitivity, providing valuable insights for personalized breast cancer treatment strategies.
RNASeq highlights ATF6 pathway regulators for CHO cell engineering with different impacts of ATF6β and WFS1 knockdown on fed-batch production of IgG1
Authors: Rives Dyllan , Peak Caroline , Blenner Mark A.
Published: June 2024

Secretion levels required of industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines can challenge endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, and ER stress caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins can be a bottleneck in biomanufacturing. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated to restore homeostasis in response to ER stress, and optimization of the UPR can improve CHO cell production of therapeutic proteins. We compared the fed-batch growth, production characteristics, and transcriptomic response of an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) producer to its parental, non-producing host cell line. We conducted differential gene expression analysis using high throughput RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to study the ER stress response of each cell line during fed-batch culture. The UPR was activated in the IgG1 producer compared to the host cell line and our analysis of differential expression profiles indicated transient upregulation of ATF6α target mRNAs in the IgG1 producer, suggesting two upstream regulators of the ATF6 arm of the UPR, ATF6β and WFS1, are rational engineering targets. Although both ATF6β and WFS1 have been reported to negatively regulate ATF6α, this study shows knockdown of either target elicits different effects in an IgG1-producing CHO cell line. Stable knockdown of ATF6β decreased cell growth without decreasing titer; however, knockdown of WFS1 decreased titer without affecting growth. Relative expression measured by qPCR indicated no direct relationship between ATF6β and WFS1 expression, but upregulation of WFS1 in one pool was correlated with decreased growth and upregulation of ER chaperone mRNAs. While knockdown of WFS1 had negative impacts on UPR activation and product mRNA expression, knockdown of ATF6β improved the UPR specifically later in fed-batch leading to increased overall productivity.
A microphysiological system reveals neutrophil contact-dependent attenuation of pancreatic tumor progression by CXCR2 inhibition-based immunotherapy
Authors: Shao Shuai , Delk Nikki A. , Jones Caroline N.
Published: June 2024

Cancer cells recruit neutrophils from the bloodstream into the tumor tissue, where these immune cells promote the progression of numerous solid tumors. Studies in mice suggest that blocking neutrophil recruitment to tumors by inhibition of neutrophil chemokine receptor CXCR2 could be a potential immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Yet, the mechanisms by which neutrophils promote tumor progression in humans, as well as how CXCR2 inhibition could potentially serve as a cancer therapy, remain elusive. In this study, we developed a human cell-based microphysiological system to quantify neutrophil-tumor spheroid interactions in both “separated” and “contact” scenarios. We found that neutrophils promote the invasion of tumor spheroids through the secretion of soluble factors and direct contact with cancer cells. However, they promote the proliferation of tumor spheroids solely through direct contact. Interestingly, treatment with AZD-5069, a CXCR2 inhibitor, attenuates invasion and proliferation of tumor spheroids by blocking direct contact with neutrophils. Our findings also show that CXCR2 inhibition reduces neutrophil migration toward tumor spheroids. These results shed new light on the tumor-promoting mechanisms of human neutrophils and the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of CXCR2 inhibition in pancreatic cancer and may aid in the design and optimization of novel immunotherapeutic strategies based on neutrophils.
Addressing data limitations in seizure prediction through transfer learning
Authors: Lopes Fábio , Pinto Mauro F. , Dourado António , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Dümpelmann Matthias , Teixeira César
Published: June 2024

According to the literature, seizure prediction models should be developed following a patient-specific approach. However, seizures are usually very rare events, meaning the number of events that may be used to optimise seizure prediction approaches is limited. To overcome such constraint, we analysed the possibility of using data from patients from an external database to improve patient-specific seizure prediction models. We present seizure prediction models trained using a transfer learning procedure. We trained a deep convolutional autoencoder using electroencephalogram data from 41 patients collected from the EPILEPSIAE database. Then, a bidirectional long short-term memory and a classifier layers were added on the top of the encoder part and were optimised for 24 patients from the Universitätsklinikum Freiburg individually. The encoder was used as a feature extraction module. Therefore, its weights were not changed during the patient-specific training. Experimental results showed that seizure prediction models optimised using pretrained weights present about four times fewer false alarms while maintaining the same ability to predict seizures and achieved more 13% validated patients. Therefore, results evidenced that the optimisation using transfer learning was more stable and faster, saving computational resources. In summary, adopting transfer learning for seizure prediction models represents a significant advancement. It addresses the data limitation seen in the seizure prediction field and offers more efficient and stable training, conserving computational resources. Additionally, despite the compact size, transfer learning allows to easily share data knowledge due to fewer ethical restrictions and lower storage requirements. The convolutional autoencoder developed in this study will be shared with the scientific community, promoting further research.
LRG1 and SDR16C5 protein expressions differ according to HPV status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Randén-Brady Reija , Carpén Timo , Hautala Laura C. , Tolvanen Tuomas , Haglund Caj , Joenväärä Sakari , Mattila Petri , Mäkitie Antti , Lehtonen Sanna , Hagström Jaana , Silén Suvi
Published: June 2024

The increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is primarily due to human papillomavirus, and understanding the tumor biology caused by the virus is crucial. Our goal was to investigate the proteins present in the serum of patients with OPSCC, which were not previously studied in OPSCC tissue. We examined the difference in expression of these proteins between HPV-positive and -negative tumors and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. The study included 157 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and clinicopathological data. Based on the protein levels in the sera of OPSCC patients, we selected 12 proteins and studied their expression in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines. LRG1, SDR16C5, PIP4K2C and MVD proteins were selected for immunohistochemical analysis in HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC tissue samples. These protein´s expression levels were compared with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival to investigate their clinical relevance. LRG1 expression was strong in HPV-negative whereas SDR16C5 expression was strong in HPV-positive tumors. Correlation was observed between LRG1, SDR16C5, and PIP4K2C expression and patient survival. High expression of PIP4K2C was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and expression correlated with HPV-positive tumor status. The data suggest the possible role of LRG1, SDR16C5 and PIP4K2C in OPSCC biology.
OpenMedLM: prompt engineering can out-perform fine-tuning in medical question-answering with open-source large language models
Authors: Maharjan Jenish , Garikipati Anurag , Singh Navan Preet , Cyrus Leo , Sharma Mayank , Ciobanu Madalina , Barnes Gina , Thapa Rahul , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar
Published: June 2024

LLMs can accomplish specialized medical knowledge tasks, however, equitable access is hindered by the extensive fine-tuning, specialized medical data requirement, and limited access to proprietary models. Open-source (OS) medical LLMs show performance improvements and provide the transparency and compliance required in healthcare. We present OpenMedLM, a prompting platform delivering state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance for OS LLMs on medical benchmarks. We evaluated OS foundation LLMs (7B-70B) on medical benchmarks (MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, MMLU medical-subset) and selected Yi34B for developing OpenMedLM. Prompting strategies included zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, and ensemble/self-consistency voting. OpenMedLM delivered OS SOTA results on three medical LLM benchmarks, surpassing previous best-performing OS models that leveraged costly and extensive fine-tuning. OpenMedLM displays the first results to date demonstrating the ability of OS foundation models to optimize performance, absent specialized fine-tuning. The model achieved 72.6% accuracy on MedQA, outperforming the previous SOTA by 2.4%, and 81.7% accuracy on MMLU medical-subset, establishing itself as the first OS LLM to surpass 80% accuracy on this benchmark. Our results highlight medical-specific emergent properties in OS LLMs not documented elsewhere to date and validate the ability of OS models to accomplish healthcare tasks, highlighting the benefits of prompt engineering to improve performance of accessible LLMs for medical applications.
Free convection in a square wavy porous cavity with partly magnetic field: a numerical investigation
Authors: Mirzaei Amirmohammad , Jalili Bahram , Jalili Payam , Ganji Davood Domiri
Published: June 2024

Natural convection in a square porous cavity with a partial magnetic field is investigated in this work. The magnetic field enters a part of the left wall horizontally. The horizontal walls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The wave vertical wall on the right side is at a low temperature, while the left wall is at a high temperature. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation of motion is utilized in the construction of the fluid flow model for the porous media. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to solve the problem’s governing equations, and the current study was validated by comparing it to earlier research. On streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers, changes in the partial magnetic field length, Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and number of wall waves have been examined. This paper will show that the magnetic field negatively impacts heat transmission. This suggests that the magnetic field can control heat transfer and fluid movement. Additionally, it was shown that heat transfer improved when the number of wall waves increased.
A plug-and-play, easy-to-manufacture fluidic accessory to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays
Authors: Dobrea Alexandra , Hall Nicole , Milne Stuart , Corrigan Damion K. , Jimenez Melanie
Published: June 2024

Earlier access to patients’ biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically not deployed at the point-of-care due to their cumbersome instrumentation and complexity. Electrochemical immunosensors can be disruptive in this sector with their small size and lower cost but, without further modifications, the performance of these sensors in complex media (e.g., blood) has been limited. This paper presents a low-cost fluidic accessory fabricated using widely accessible materials and processes for boosting sensor sensitivity through confinement of the detection media next to the electrode surface. Liquid confinement first highlighted a spontaneous reaction between the pseudoreference electrode and ELISA detection substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that decreases the amount of oxTMB available for detection. Different strategies are investigated to limit this and maximize reliability. Next, flow cell integration during the signal amplification step of sensor preparation was shown to substantially enhance the detection of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with the best sensitivity boost recorded for fresh human plasma (x7 increase compared to x5.8 in purified serum and x5.5 in PBS). The flow cell requires no specialized equipment and can be seamlessly integrated with commercial sensors, making an ideal companion for electrochemical signal enhancement.
Urinary stone analysis and clinical characteristics of 496 patients in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wan-Yu , Tseng Jen-Shu
Published: June 2024

Evaluate urinary stone components' epidemiological features in urolithiasis individuals and explore potential correlations between stone components and patients' clinical characteristics. A retrospective analysis of urinary stone compositions in 496 patients from a northern Taiwan medical center (February 2006 to October 2021) was conducted. We investigated associations between sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), gout, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), habits, urine pH, and three main stone groups: calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid (UA). Males accounted for 66.5% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.99:1. Males were negatively associated with CaP stones (OR 0.313, p < 0.001) and positively with UA stones (OR 2.456, p = 0.009). Age showed a negative correlation with CaOx stones (OR 0.987, p = 0.040) and a positive correlation with UA stones (OR 1.023, p < 0.001). DM had a protective effect against CaP stones (OR 0.316, p = 0.004). Gout had a positive association with UA stones (OR 2.085, p = 0.035). Smoking was adversely associated with UA stones (OR 0.350, p = 0.018). Higher urine pH was a risk factor for CaP stones (OR 1.641, p = 0.001) and a protective factor against UA stones (OR 0.296, p < 0.001). These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of urinary stones and the development of preventative strategies for high-risk populations. Further research is required to confirm and expand upon these findings.
Long-term outcomes in patients with primary biliary cholangitis complicated with CREST syndrome
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Hayashi Manabu , Sugaya Tatsuro , Abe Naoto , Takahata Yosuke , Fujita Masashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Migita Kiyoshi , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: June 2024

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Although PBC complicated with CREST syndrome (PBC-CREST) has been reported, the long-term outcomes of the affected patients have not been fully investigated. Herein, the long-term outcomes of PBC-CREST were evaluated. Next, the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were validated and compared between the PBC alone and PBC-CREST groups. A total of 302 patients who were diagnosed with PBC between December 1990 and August 2021 at Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included. The liver transplantation (LT)-free survival rates were compared between patients with PBC alone (n = 245) and those with PBC-CREST (n = 57). Moreover, 173 patients, excluding those with liver-related death/LT within 1 year after ursodeoxycholic acid administration, were divided into two subgroups (PBC alone (n = 147) and PBC-CREST (n = 26)), and the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were compared between the subgroups. The survival rates without LT (3/5/10 years) were 92/87/80% for the PBC-alone group and 98/96/96% for the PBC-CREST group, with a significantly better prognosis in the PBC-CREST group (log-rank P = 0.0172). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of CREST syndrome is an independent protective factor for the presence of cirrhosis. The predicted 5/10/15-year risks of liver-related death or LT based on the UK-PBC score were significantly lower in the PBC-CREST group (2.4/7.6/13.2%) than in the PBC-alone group (4.8/11.8/18.8%) (P < 0.05). The predicted 3/5-year LT-free survival rates based on the GLOBE score were significantly higher in the PBC-CREST group (93/88%) than in the PBC-alone group (88/81%) (P < 0.05). Patients with PBC-CREST may have better long-term outcomes than those with PBC alone.
A novel semi-quadratic buck-boost structures with continuous input current for PV application
Authors: Okati Mustafa , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Khan Baseem
Published: June 2024

This paper recommends new design for non-isolated semi-quadratic buck/boost converter with two similar structure that includes the following features: (a) the continuous input current has made it reasonable for PV solar applications and reduced the value of the capacitors in the input filter reducing the input ripple as well as EMI problems; (b) the topology is simple, and consists of a few numbers of components; (c) the semiconductor-based components have lower current/voltage stresses in comparison with the recently recommended designs; (d) semi-quadratic voltage gain is D (2 − D) / (1 − D)2; (e) 94.6 percent from the theoretical relations and 91.8 percent from the experimental for the output power of 72W, the duty of 54.2 percent, and output voltage of 72 V are the efficiency values in boost mode; (f) 89.3 percent from the theoretical relations and 87.2 percent from the experimental for the output power of 15W, the duty of 25.8 percent, and output voltage of 15 V are the efficiency values in buck mode. One structure is the continuous output current and negative output polarity, and other structure is positive output polarity. The recommended topologies have been studied in both ideal and non-ideal modes. The continuous current mode (CCM) is the suggested mode for the proposed converters. Moreover, the requirements of CCM have been discussed. The various kinds of comparisons have been held for voltage gain, efficiency, and structural details, and the advantages of the suggested design have been presented. A small-signal analysis has been completed, and the suitable compensator has been planned. Finally, PLECS simulation results have been associated with the design considerations.
Landslide type inference based on statistical analysis of a high-resolution digital elevation model in Gorce National Park, Poland
Authors: Szczepanek Robert , Szczęch Mateusz , Kania Maciej
Published: June 2024

High-resolution digital elevation models are commonly utilized for detecting and classifying landslides. In this study, we aim to refine landslide detection and classification by analyzing the geometry of landslides using slope and aspect, coupled with descriptive statistics up to the fourth central moment (kurtosis). Employing the Monte Carlo method for creating terrain topography probability distributions and ANOVA tests for statistical validation, we analyzed 364 landslides in Gorce National Park, Poland, revealing significant kurtosis differences across landslide types and lithologies. This methodology offers a novel approach to landslide classification based on surface geometry, with implications for enhancing scientific research and improving landslide risk management strategies.
Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally
Authors: Wessells K. Ryan , Manger Mari S. , Tsang Becky L. , Brown Kenneth H. , McDonald Christine M.
Published: June 2024

Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can increase dietary micronutrient intake and improve micronutrient status. Here we used food balance sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to estimate current country-specific prevalences of inadequate zinc intake. We assessed the potential effects of improving existing LSFF programmes for cereal grains or implementing new programmes in 40 countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem. Accounting for LSFF programmes as currently implemented, 15% of the global population (1.13 billion individuals) is estimated to have inadequate zinc intake. In countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem, the implementation of high-quality mandatory LSFF programmes that include zinc as a fortificant would substantially increase the availability of zinc in the national food supply, reducing the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally. Investments in strong LSFF programmes could have a substantial impact on population zinc status.
Uncovering fast solid-acid proton conductors based on dynamics of polyanion groups and proton bonding strength
Authors: Žguns Pjotrs , Klyukin Konstantin , Wang Louis S. , Xiong Grace , Li Ju , Haile Sossina M. , Yildiz Bilge
Published: June 2024

Cation lattice flexibility and covalent bond lengths serve as good physical descriptors of proton conduction in solid acids and enable the discovery of promising proton conductors beyond traditional chemistries.
Preparation of HMn2O4 lithium-ion sieves with low manganese dissolution loss for improved cycling stability
Authors: Song Longyan , Liu Minxia , Nian Min , Yang Gang
Published: June 2024

A new ozone eluent was used, the Mn dissolution loss of LiMn2O4 during the elution process was controlled at a shallow level, which improved the cyclic stability of the lithium-ion sieves.
Interfacial modification of NaCoO2 positive electrodes with inorganic oxides by simple mixing and the effects on all-solid-state Na batteries
Authors: Ichikawa Takaaki , Hiraoka Koji , Seki Shiro
Published: June 2024

All-solid-state Na batteries were prepared using PEO-based electrolytes, and NaCoO2 (NCO) was coated with oxide-based materials through simple mixing to protect the NCO surfaces.
Thermo-oxidative aging of linear and branched alcohols as stability criterion for their use as e-fuels
Authors: Lichtinger Anne , Poller Maximilian J. , Schröder Olaf , Türck Julian , Garbe Thomas , Krahl Jürgen , Jakob Markus , Albert Jakob
Published: June 2024

This paper contributes to the solution of the energy crisis by investigating the stability of alcohols as e-fuels. The focus is on the investigation of the aging mechanism of 1-hexanol and 1-octanol compared to the 2-hexanol.
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of benzoic acid as a bio-oil model compound: reaction and kinetics using nickel-supported catalysts
Authors: Yusuf Mustapha , Leeke Gary A. , Wood Joseph
Published: June 2024

The development of technologies for the bio-oil upgrading process is a crucial step towards achieving sustainable energy production.
Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in biota, water and sediments: its role in screening for unregulated POPs, in compiling time trends of regulated POPs under the Stockholm Convention (SC) and their relevance for biodiversity in a changing climate
Authors: Guardans Ramon
Published: June 2024

This paper considers elements of the dynamic process of production dispersal and monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in the environment that has unfolded over the past 100 years.
Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies
Authors: Deane Colleen S. , Piasecki Matthew , Atherton Philip J.
Published: June 2024

Periods of skeletal muscle disuse lead to rapid declines in muscle mass (atrophy), which is fundamentally underpinned by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The complex interplay of molecular mechanisms contributing to the altered regulation of muscle protein balance during disuse have been investigated but rarely synthesised in the context of humans. This narrative review discusses human models of muscle disuse and the ensuing inversely exponential rate of muscle atrophy. The molecular processes contributing to altered protein balance are explored, with a particular focus on growth and breakdown signalling pathways, mitochondrial adaptations and neuromuscular dysfunction. Finally, key research gaps within the disuse atrophy literature are highlighted providing future avenues to enhance our mechanistic understanding of human disuse atrophy.
Reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time cross‐media tracking control for a cross‐media vehicle under unknown dynamics and disturbances
Authors: Wu Shichong , Xie Lingli , Xian Jun , Liao Fei , Wu Wenhua , Lu Mingqing , Yi Xian
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time cross‐media tracking control approach for a slender body cross‐media vehicle encountering unknown hydrodynamics, wind, and wave disturbances. Initially, a reinforcement learning framework consisting of the actor neural network and critic neural network is constructed. The critic neural network monitors the actions of the actor neural network and approximates the cost function, while the actor neural network estimates the unknown hydrodynamics and disturbances, minimising the cost function to optimise performance. Subsequently, the command filter featuring finite‐time convergence is formulated, effectively managing the corresponding filter error through a proposed error compensating signal. By integrating these techniques, a reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time control strategy is developed, circumventing the singularity issue inherent in traditional finite‐time backstepping strategies. Comparative analysis with existing methods demonstrates the strong robustness of the proposed scheme against unknown hydrodynamics and disturbances, ensuring finite‐time convergence of the system's states and optimising controller performance. Finally, simulations confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the presented approach.
Research on daylighting optimization of building space layout based on parametric design
Authors: Li Li
Published: June 2024

Excellent daylighting in buildings is beneficial to protect the physical and mental health of users. After introducing the daylighting of the building, this paper used the genetic algorithm (GA) optimized by co-evolution to optimize the daylighting. Then, a one-story L-shaped accommodation house in Zhengzhou, Henan Province was taken as a case for analysis. The effectiveness of the Daysim software used for calculating the building lighting indicator was tested. Then, the performance of the improved GA with different daylighting indicators as fitness values was compared. Finally, the optimization performance of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the traditional GA, and the improved GA were compared. The results showed that the daylighting indicators simulated by Daysim were significantly correlated with the measured data, suggesting its effectiveness. The improved GA using dynamic daylighting indicators as fitness values had better optimization performance. Compared with the other two algortihms, the improved GA had better optimization performance.
Analyzing corner strategies and their effectiveness in the top teams in the French women’s professional football league (D1 Arkema)
Authors: Libreau Clément , Benguigui Nicolas
Published: June 2024

This study analyses how corners were taken by the top six teams in the French women’s professional championship during the first part of the 2021/2022 season. A total of 307 corners were analyzed, looking at the way they were taken, the balance of power in the penalty area and the delivery area. The balance of power in the penalty area had no effect on the corner outcome (p > 0.05). However, the type of delivery (outswing, inswing, short) in which the corner was taken and the zone in which the ball arrived did have an impact on the corner outcome (p < 0.05). Shots and goal attempts were more numerous when the corner was taken in an inswing direction and arrived in the near post zone (Z1), the intermediate near post zone (Z4) and the penalty spot zone (Z5). These results may help coaches to improve the offensive effectiveness of corners in women’s football.
Data selection and collection for constructing investor sentiment from social media
Authors: Liu Qing , Son Hosung
Published: June 2024

Research based on investor sentiment in social media has been a hot topic of research in behavioral finance, and the reliability of investor sentiment mined from social media is a potential condition for the reliability of the results of these studies. In the past, scholars have often focused on using more reliable tools to track investor sentiment in order to get more reliable investor sentiment. However, less attention has been paid to another key factor affecting the reliability of investor sentiment on social media: the selection and collection of data. In this study, we systematically investigate the process of data selection and collection in relation to the construction of investor sentiment on social media. Our findings suggest that the process of creating a dataset from social media is a process that starts and ends with a research question. In this process, we need to overcome various obstacles to end up with an imperfect dataset. The researchers must take a series of steps to get close to the best dataset and acknowledge some of the shortcomings and limitations. We emphasize that the absence of accepted, reliable standards makes it particularly important to follow basic principles. This study is an important reference for social media-based behavioral finance research.
The effect of pressure and reflux ratio on the spinning band distillation process on the purity of myristicin isolate from the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil
Authors: Alawiah S F , Rusli M S , Raharja S
Published: June 2024

Nutmeg oil contains myristicin, which functions as an antioxidant and antiaging in cosmetic products by inhibiting the activity of the collagenase enzyme. Isolation of myristicin compounds from the terpeneless fraction is a strategy to increase the purity of myristicin isolates effectively and efficiently. This research aims to identify the purity of the myristicin compound from the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil and the yield based on different pressure and reflux ratio variables. Fractionation was carried out using the spinning band distillation method at pressures of 10 and 15 mmHg, with reflux ratios of 3:1 and 5:1. The fraction cutting temperature is regulated based on the boiling point of the compound starting from an open cut temperature of 172 °C to a close cut temperature of 300 °C. Parameters analyzed: The physicochemical properties of the material are specific gravity, refractive index, solubility in 96% ethanol, myristicin content, and yield. Research shows that the pressure and reflux ratio are not significant to the purity of myristicin, caused by the range of pressure and reflux ratio values being too close, but can increase the purity of myristicin compounds from initial levels of 51.25% to 83.23%. Thus, spinning band fractional distillation is able to be used as a tool for purifying the myristicin compound in the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil.
Review: Natural Fibres for Textile Application
Authors: Haidir Fery , Fahma Farah , Firmanda Afrinal , Purnawati Rini , Suryanegara Lisman , MacMillan Colleen
Published: June 2024

Textile industries have a central role in human health, well-being, and the global economy. Sustainable development has become a necessity in this sector by utilizing natural, renewable, and biodegradable raw materials such as kenaf, ramie, pineapple fibres, wool, cotton, and other natural fibres. Science and technology expanding option for sustainable fibre-use in the textile industry due to source-scarcity of raw materials, environmental impact concerns, and market demands. This review discusses various aspects related to natural fibres, and their applications in addition to cotton, which is the most applied natural fibres for the textile industry. Key characteristics of natural fibres include physical, mechanical, and surface properties. These properties vary and are influenced by the chemical composition of the fibres and environmental conditions in growth and production. For plant-based fibres how the fibres are extracted from the plant, and from which vegetative or reproductive structures they are extracted, can affect the ultimate fibre quality and uses of the fibres. Similarly, there are a range of processing methods that affect the final quality and utility of the fibres and application in industry.
Investigation of Conceptual Supply Chain Design Process of Sustainable Shisha Briquette Production System
Authors: Solihin  , Hambali Erliza , Hardjomidjojo Hartrisari
Published: June 2024

Coconut charcoal briquette products have considerable export market potential in foreign countries. One of the product variants of coconut shell briquettes is shisha briquettes. This research aims to investigate the conceptual design of a sustainable supply chain by identifying key stakeholders and understanding the role of each stakeholder and the underlying processes that affect sustainability. The initial step of this research is to conduct an entity system requirements analysis using a use-case diagram to identify key stakeholders. The next step is to identify critical processes using BPMN 2.0 in accordance with established sustainability requirements. Based on the results of the requirements analysis through the entity system and use case diagram, five stakeholders were identified: industry, coconut shell farmers, end consumers, training institutions, and sustainability assessment institutions. According to the results of the business model analysis using BPMN 2.0 with the Indonesian Bioenergy Sustainability Indicator (IBSI), there are three main activities in the raw material procurement process: the selection of coconut shell farmers, facilities owned by farmers, and farmer skills training. Meanwhile, in terms of the production system, there are three main activities, namely production planning, production implementation, and labor training.
Softness indicator made from tapioca and ammonium molybdate for avocado
Authors: Warsiki E , Asfiani A , Rardniyom C
Published: June 2024

A softness indicator made from tapioca and ammonium molybdate was used to detect the ripeness of fruit. The indicator in the form of a tablet was attached inside the package of avocado and it was analyzed for its changing color. The results show that there was a suitability between indicator color changes and avocado quality degradation. The tablet indicator showed different colors before and after avocado has been ripped. The color of the indicator from the 1st day until the 2nd day of storage was bright yellow with the °Hue value ranging from 99 – 100. The tablet color then turned into dark blue on the 5th day of storage with °Hue value of of 114 – 178 when the avocado was rotten. The color change was not evenly distributed over the entire surface of the tablet due to being less moisture absorbed by the tablet indicator. In the meantime, fruit quality degradation during the storage was indicated by the increased percentage of weight loss of 20.1% after six days of storage. The firmness decreased and it was confirmed by a texture value of 12.55+1.48 mm/3s on the 1st day of storage became 15.9 + 0.07 mm/3s on the last day of storage. The total soluble solid was recorded to increase from 11°Brix to 14°Brix.
Biodegradable plastics with natural antioxidant: A Review
Authors: Lisdayana N , Rajabiah R R , Mahendra I D , Probowati B D
Published: June 2024

Food spoilage is a negative change that occurs physically, chemically and microbiologically in food whether it is still fresh or has become a processed product. Oxidative reactions can cause color changes, decreased nutritional value, changes in odor and unpleasant taste, so antioxidants are needed to avoid this. The aim of this review is to examine a number of natural antioxidants that can be used in biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastic is a type of plastic that decomposes naturally with the help of microorganisms. The use of biodegradable plastic can be applied to products such as fruit or meat to prevent oxidation. Inhibition of oxidation in food ingredients greatly influences the quality and appearance of food ingredients. Apart from that, it is also beneficial for nutrition and increases the shelf life of the product. Antioxidants can be obtained synthetically or naturally. Natural antioxidants are prioritized by researchers for study because of their safety in use and no health side effects if consumed. Antioxidants are very easy to obtain in plants, either in the form of extracts or in the form of essential oils. Apart from that, natural antioxidants are also often produced from adding chitosan to biodegradable plastic.
Measurement of Raw Material Inventory Performance at Halal Frozen Food Business
Authors: Wahyuni Dini , Azmi Fadli Mohammad , Budiman Irwan
Published: June 2024

Manufacturing companies often provide supplies of raw materials so that the production process runs smoothly. Initial observations on halal frozen food businesses that use chicken and shrimp as the main ingredients show that material procurement activities are carried out daily and materials are purchased more when prices on the market are down. The company’s historical data shows a shortage of chicken raw material supplies in April due to increased demand, while raw material supplies were insufficient, and raw material prices tended to be high. This research was conducted to measure the performance of raw material inventory at halal frozen food companies using the inventory turnover rate, inventory days of supply, and fill rate methods and to calculate the optimal amount of raw material inventory with EOQ, safety stock, and reorder point (ROP). The inventory turnover rate calculation for chicken raw materials shows the best value in June 2022 of 68.35, the results of the analysis of the best inventory turnover rate for shrimp raw materials in March 2022 are 68.79. The calculation of inventory days of supply for chicken raw materials shows the best value in December 2022 of 0.98 days, calculation of inventory days of supply for shrimp shows the best value in February 2023 of 0.91 days. The fill rate is 100%. The research results show that inventory performance in the halal frozen food business is good. To avoid raw material shortages in the future, companies can use the Economic Order Quantity guide in ordering raw materials.
Closed loop process development of vegetable oil refinery integration with SBE processing and its application as a source of Bioenergy
Authors: Siswahyu A , Bantacut T , Indrasti NS , Kartika IA
Published: June 2024

A new paradigm in resource recovery is the closed cycle process, in which the output of one industry feeds into the inflow of another. An application of the closed cycle process concept is demonstrated in a case study by the combination of a cooking oil refinery (COR) and spent bleaching earth (SBE) processing. The generated bioenergy product is utilized again in COR as a source of energy. The aim of this research is to develop a process simulation that can demonstrate how the two industries are integrated in their joint resource utilisation. Physical method with extraction, thermal with pyrolysis and chemical with trans-esterification were selected for SBE processing. Process simulation was used to obtain mass and energy balance data of the three methods. Determination of the selected method was done by mass and energy balance analysis. Simulation results showed surplus energy data of 1,694 kCal/kg SBE, 1,507.25 kCal/kg SBE and 16.698 kCal/kg SBE respectively for those three methods. Priority methods to be integrated with the cooking oil plant are physical, thermal and chemical methods.
Sustainability Investigation of Batik Production at Seraci Batik Betawi
Authors: Syahid A , Fauzi A M , Ismayana A
Published: June 2024

The textile industry is one of the sectors that plays a crucial role in economic and environmental sustainability efforts. Batik, as a distinctive textile industry of Indonesia, has a significant role in sustainable development. This research analyzed the sustainability practices of Seraci Batik Betawi in the environmental, social, and economic aspects using a descriptive approach based on the results of interviews and observations. The company used eco-friendly natural dyes, minimized waste, and managed wastewater effectively. They empowered their workers through training, provided fair wages, and hired unskilled laborers. Seraci Batik Betawi also maintained market share with unique motifs and collaborated with the garment industry. The result is a contribution to social, cultural, environmental, and local economic sustainability. This research provides valuable insights for the textile and batik industry in achieving higher sustainability.
The effects of a dietary supplement of ginger powder (Zingiber officinale) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails
Authors: Lan L T T , Hung L T , Ngu N T , Qui N H , Thu N T A , Guntoro B
Published: June 2024

Traditional herbs such as ginger were an excellent feed additive to improve poultry health in the event that Vietnam’s poultry population increased recently. The study was to evaluate the effect of ginger powder supplemented on average daily gain, feed consumption rate, and quality carcass of quails. A total of 180 Japanese quails at 11 days of age were allotted into a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates consisting of 20 birds for each. The experiments consisted of a control diet (no ginger powder added) and 2 diets supplemented with ginger powder at 0.1% and 0.2%. The birds were fed and watered ad libitum throughout the experiment. The results showed a linear improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion as the ginger powder was increased from 0 to 0.2% of the diet (P<0.01). The carcass traits, including dress weight and breast and thigh weight of quails, were improved in the treatment of 0.2% ginger (P<0.01). It could be concluded that 0.2% ginger powder in the diet increased growth performance of quails and was recommended for Japanese quail’s performance.
A survey of potential and frequency used of local feedstuffs in the concentrate formulations for beef cattle feedlot in Indonesia
Authors: Al Huda T I , Astuti A , Andarwati S , Agus A
Published: June 2024

In Indonesia, the most popular system of beef cattle farming is a feedlot system, in which cattle are fattened for 3-6 months before being marketed. For a feedlot system to be successful, the availability of feed throughout the production process is important. Local feedstuff is commonly utilized as concentrate feed for beef cattle. This study aimed to identify the types of local feedstuff, the factors affecting their selection and availability, and the supply chain, particularly in feedlots across Indonesia. The study involved surveys, through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Farm, feed mill, and supplier of feed visits were made and the management were interviewed regarding the feed commonly used in the farm and feed mills. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the local feedstuff’s availability and potential in the feed supply. The research results show that the local feedstuff most frequently used in sequence were palm kernel meal (11.97%), solid tapioca waste/onggok (9.83%), molasses (8.97%), dried cassava chips (8.55%), coffee husks (7.26%), copra meal (7.26%), bran pollard (6.84%), rice bran (5.13%), rice husks (5.13%), and corn cobs (5.13%). The important factors for selecting the types of feedstuffs used were demand (26.3%) and availability (26.3%). The most important factor impacting the availability of feedstuff was the harvesting season (26%). Feedstuff suppliers consist of four types: producers, distributors, agents, and retailers who fill customer demand, with distributors being the most dominant choice.