bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adalimumab Treatment Effects on Inflammation and Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Respiration in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Sahl Ronni Eg , Poggi Axel Illeris , Nielsen Valdemar Wendelboe , Yao Yiqiu , Patsi Ioanna , Poulsen Steen Seier , Dela Flemming , Larsen Steen , Thomsen Simon Francis , Helge Jørn Wulff
Published: October 2024

Objective

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is a proinflammatory marker and has been shown to affect mitochondrial function in different tissues. We investigated the effect on adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and mitochondrial respiration in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) after 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab, a TNF‐α inhibitor.

Methods

We sampled blood and an AT biopsy from 13 patients with HS and 10 control subjects after an overnight fast. The patients were retested after at least 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab (40 mg/week). We measured macrophage content and mitochondrial respiration in the AT and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interferon‐γ, TNF‐α, adiponectin and leptin in plasma. Clinical scores and Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) were assessed.

Results

We found a higher anti‐inflammatory macrophage content (CD206+) in the patient group compared with the control group, but no differences between before and after the intervention. No difference in mitochondrial respiration was observed. We observed higher plasma IL‐6 and hsCRP concentrations in patients with HS compared to controls, with no differences before and after the intervention. The difference between controls and HS patients was abolished after the intervention. HS patients improved their DLQI after the intervention with no change in clinical scores.

Conclusion

Treatment with adalimumab in patients with HS does not alter AT inflammation or mitochondrial respiratory capacity; however, we did see a higher content of anti‐inflammatory macrophages in the patient group compared with the control group.
Development and Application of a Portable Environmental DNA Test for the Detection of Rafetus swinhoei in Viet Nam
Authors: Seimon Tracie A. , Van Long Nguyen , Le Minh , McCormack Timothy E. M. , Nguyen Tham Thi , Ngo Hanh , Thang Nguyen Tai , Hoang Thuy , Platt Steven G. , Van Ha Hoang , Van Trong Nguyen , Horne Brian , Barrett Colleen A. , McAloose Denise , Calle Paul P.
Published: October 2024

Swinhoe's (or Yangtze) giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) is a large, critically endangered freshwater turtle and considered among the rarest species in the world. As of 2024, only two individuals have been confirmed to remain alive, one at the Suzhou Zoo in China and one in Xuan Khanh Lake, Viet Nam. The only hope for the long‐term survival of R. swinhoei is finding additional, as yet undiscovered, animals that have thus far eluded detection by traditional survey methods. In recent years, numerous studies have been published on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for species detection and monitoring. This method takes advantage of the persistence of DNA in the environment, such as in water, soil, and air. An organism's DNA is shed into the environment through urine, feces, and the sloughing of skin. Species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing can be used to detect eDNA in samples collected from the environment. eDNA trials to detect R. swinhoei were initiated by the Asian Turtle Program and Washington State University in 2013. To expand the use of eDNA for species detection by conservationists, we developed and validated a first‐of‐its‐kind innovative point‐of‐detection (POD) qPCR platform for the rapid, onsite detection of R. swinhoei from water samples. Here we show that the portable eDNA test kit can be used for the successful detection of R. swinhoei in a large body of water and that pooling filters may be a useful strategy to reduce test costs and improve detection efficiency. Use of this test can expand the search for R. swinhoei in unexplored and understudied lakes, reservoirs, and other bodies of water where this species may be present and could inform field surveys utilizing eDNA for other threatened species that are rare in nature.
Catestatin as a predictor for cardiac death in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chu Song‐Yun , Peng Fen , Wang Jie , Liu Lin , Zhao Jing , Han Xiao‐Ning , Ding Wen‐Hui
Published: October 2024

Aims

Endogenous catecholamine release‐inhibitory peptide catestatin has been associated with heart failure (HF). This subgroup analysis of our cohort of HF compared the different effects of catestatin as a predictor for cardiac outcomes in patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced (HFmrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction.

Methods

Plasma catestatin was measured in the HF patient cohort of 228 cases with a whole spectrum of ejection fraction. The cardiac deaths were analysed according to prespecified subgroups.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 52.5 months, the association between plasma catestatin and cardiac death was different in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF or HFpEF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–2.37 and HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.56–4.75, respectively; interaction P = 0.022]. Patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF were older and more likely to be female, with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation but lower levels of plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Similar adverse cardiac events occurred in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF as in HFrEF. Plasma catestatin was a better predictor for cardiovascular death in the HFmrEF/HFpEF patients [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.72, 95% CI 0.45–0.74] than in the HFrEF patients (AUC = 0.59, 95% CI 0.587–0.849). The optimal cut point of plasma catestatin level of 0.86 ng/mL predicted a 2.80‐fold elevated risk for cardiac death in HFmrEF/HFpEF.

Conclusions

Elevated plasma catestatin might be a more sensitive predictor for cardiac outcome in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF than in HFrEF.
A20 intrinsically influences human effector T‐cell survival and function by regulating both NF‐κB and JNK signaling
Authors: Dabbah‐Krancher Gina , Ruchinskas Allison , Kallarakal Melissa A. , Lee Katherine P. , Bauman Bradly M. , Epstein Benjamin , Yin Hongli , Krappmann Daniel , Schaefer Brian C. , Snow Andrew L.
Published: October 2024

A20 is a dual‐function ubiquitin‐editing enzyme that maintains immune homeostasis by restraining inflammation. Although A20 serves a similar negative feedback function for T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling, the molecular mechanisms utilized and their ultimate impact on human T‐cell function remain unclear. TCR engagement triggers the assembly of the CARD11‐BCL10‐MALT1 (CBM) protein complex, a signaling platform that governs the activation of downstream transcription factors including NF‐κB and c‐Jun/AP‐1. Utilizing WT and A20 knockout Jurkat T cells, we found that A20 is required to negatively regulate NF‐κB and JNK. Utilizing a novel set of A20 mutants in NF‐κB and AP‐1‐driven reporter systems, we discovered the ZnF7 domain is crucial for negative regulatory capacity, while deubiquitinase activity is dispensable. Successful inactivation of A20 in human primary effector T cells congruently conferred sustained NF‐κB and JNK signaling, including enhanced upregulation of activation markers, and increased secretion of several cytokines including IL‐9. Finally, loss of A20 in primary human T cells resulted in decreased sensitivity to restimulation‐induced cell death and increased sensitivity to cytokine withdrawal‐induced death. These findings demonstrate the importance of A20 in maintaining T‐cell homeostasis via negative regulation of both NF‐κB and JNK signaling.
Romantic Relationships as a Source of Significance
Authors: Contu Federico , Kruglanski Arie W. , Ellenberg Molly , Yu Huixian , Lemay Edward P. , Pierro Antonio
Published: October 2024

Drawing on significance quest theory and its derived model of romantic relationships, we demonstrated that perceiving romantic partners as having socially valued qualities (partners’ merit) and as admiring and caring (partners’ appreciation) enhanced actors’ significance gained through the romantic relationship which, in turn, increased the likelihood to enter (Studies 1A and 1B) and maintain (Study 2) romantic relationships. Further, Study 3 demonstrated that significance gained through romantic relationships and inclusion of the other in the self were independently associated with romantic partners’ merit and appreciation and the likelihood of maintaining romantic relationships. Finally, Study 4 showed that people experiencing feelings of significance loss were more sensitive to their partners’ merit and appreciation features. Findings are compared with the rich social psychological literature on romantic relationships and future directions are outlined.
Facile and Robust High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electronic Waste for Self‐Powered Electronics
Authors: Suneetha Vikram Lakshmi , Mahesh Velpula , Supraja Potu , Navaneeth Madathil , Uday Kumar Khanapuram , Rakesh Kumar Rajaboina
Published: October 2024

The widespread adoption of electronic devices has led to a dramatic increase in electronic waste (e‐waste), posing significant environmental, human health, economic, and data security concerns while also exacerbating landfill waste. Effective e‐waste management strategies are crucial for maintaining a sustainable planet. This article explores the upcycling of e‐waste using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology for electricity generation. Specifically, with straightforward procedures, the organic photoconductor (OPC) drum from printer cartridge waste is modified and incorporated as the positive triboelectric layer in the present TENG design. The fabricated OPC‐TENG, featuring the OPC drum sheet and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) pair, exhibits promising performance metrics: an open‐circuit voltage of ≈492 V, a short‐circuit current of 138 μA, and a power density of 4.6 W m−2. Moreover, its capability to continuously operate digital watch and calculator with an integrated energy management circuit is demonstrated. The simplicity of the fabrication process, coupled with the significant energy output of the device, underscores its potential for self‐powered applications. These findings highlight a pathway towards harnessing e‐waste for sustainable energy production and revolutionizing e‐waste management, contributing to a greener and more energy‐efficient future.
Energy and enviro‐economic (3E) assessment of greenhouse solar dryer (GHSD) for drying and quality evaluation of medicinal Ocimum sanctum leaves: A sustainable path for preservation
Authors: Dhande Amol , Agarwal Madhu , Agarwal Ghanshyam Das
Published: October 2024

This article presents an experimental analysis of greenhouse solar dryer (GHSD) under natural and forced convection for shelf storage of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves, and the obtained results are compared with conventional open sun drying and shade drying to determine the optimal drying method. The GHSD, being capable of raising the interior temperature 15–25 °C higher than the ambient temperature, took only 2.5 and 2.0 h for drying of 100 gm Tulsi under natural and forced convection mode compared to 5.0 and 7.0 h in open sun and shade drying, respectively. The peak drying rate under natural and forced convection GHSD drying was 0.57 and 0.70 gm of water per gram of dry solid, while dryer efficiencies were estimated as 14% and 16%, respectively. The findings revealed a reduction in drying time by 50% and 60% compared to open sun drying, and by 64% and 71% compared to shade drying under natural and forced convection, respectively. The calculated energy payback time (EPBT) was 0.78 years with earned carbon credit of US$ 60.22 for 10 years of intended life span while the economic payback period was 1.3 years associated with potential saving of Rs 1,11,916. In quality evaluation, total phenolic and flavonoid content (73.39 mg GAE/g and 5.09 mg QE/g) along with antioxidant potential (IC50 value: 55.09 μg/mL) have been recorded higher for the leaves dried in GHSD compared to open sun drying. The findings established a sustainable, eco‐friendly and economical path for the blooming herbal medicine industry.

Practical application

Greenhouse solar dryer is an eco‐friendly, sustainable, clean and hygienic way to dry herbs and medicinal plants. The greenhouse solar dryer can shorten the drying time by 50%–60% compared to natural stand in the sun (OSD), improve the quality of dried herbs and medicinal plants, and reduce the decay rate of the dried products. These leaves can be best suited for Ayurveda medicine industries for herbal powder (Churna). Being economically advantageous, greenhouse solar dryers improve the shelf life of the dried leaves, reduce their density, and lower transportation costs, boosting farmers' income in herbal farming and nutritional security.
The ripple effects of climate change on agricultural sustainability and food security in Africa
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Nwauzoma Uju M. , Akinsemolu Adenike A. , Tamasiga Phemelo , Duan Keru , Al‐Sharify Zainab T. , Siyanbola Kehinde Favour
Published: October 2024

Climate change results in lower agricultural outputs, disruption of food supply chains, and widening of the social gap between poor and rich in developing countries, with more vulnerable groups being pushed into untold poverty. This review aims to investigate the consequences of climate change on food insecurity in Africa in the context of environmental degradation. This review emphasizes the complexity of demands on food security systems due to changing climatic conditions under the four pillars (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability). This review demonstrated the susceptibility of farm production to changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns generated by climate change. In addition, this review investigated the factors shaping food insecurity, such as increasing population growth, poverty, inadequate early warning systems, and weak agricultural infrastructure. Furthermore, the review points out how climate change affects food prices and availability and the widening income gap, potentially leading to social unrest and political instability in Africa. Vulnerable populations, including impoverished, elderly, and physically challenged individuals, are at increased risk due to climate‐related health impacts. Women who face gender inequalities and socioeconomic limitations are particularly susceptible. We posit that there is a need for comprehensive strategies that address health disparities and consider vulnerable subgroups within society alongside broader measures to enhance food security in the face of climate change.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using TiO2‐based Catalysts: A Review
Authors: Bhom Fahima , Isa Yusuf Makarfi
Published: October 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting is an environmentally friendly hydrogen production method that uses abundant renewable resources such as water and sunlight. While Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst exhibits excellent properties, its high band gap limits absorption to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, resulting in low photo conversion efficiency. This review explores various modification techniques aimed at enhancing the efficiency of TiO2 under visible light irradiation. Factors influencing the photocatalytic water splitting reaction, such as catalyst structure, morphology, band gap, sacrificial reagents, light intensity, temperature, and potential of Hydrogen (pH) are examined. This review also summarizes different catalyst synthesis methods, and types of photocatalytic reactors, and provides insights into quantum yield. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and future outlook of photocatalytic water splitting.
New Insight into Mercury Removal from Fish Meat Using a Single‐Component Solution Containing cysteine
Authors: Strachowski Przemysław , Mandava Geeta , Lundqvist Johan , Bordes Romain , Abdollahi Mehdi
Published: October 2024

A novel approach for reducing mercury content in fish meat during post‐packaging storage is developed to extend the margin of their safe consumption. It involves employing a single‐component aqueous medium containing cysteine, as the active agent responsible for displacing mercury from fish proteins and its stabilization in the medium without the need for pH adjustments. The mercury removal efficiency depends on the cysteine concentration and its ratio to fish muscle. Using 1.2 wt% cysteine enables a reduction of mercury in canned Albacore tuna by 25–35%, depending on the fish product type and the exposure time of up to 2 weeks. The potential for the successful application of the developed method in active food packaging solutions is studied for the simultaneous or subsequent purification of the extraction solution through adsorption. Using thiolated silica could potentially enable the extraction process but it is shown that the presence of cysteine significantly hinders the adsorption.
Protein kinase R induced by type I interferons is a main regulator of reactive microglia in Zika virus infection
Authors: Bortolin Violaine , Mansuroglu Zeyni , Conquet Laurine , Calcagno Gaetano , Lambert Fanny , Marin‐Obando Jose Pablo , Segrt Helena , Savino Mary , Menidjel Reyene , Souès Sylvie , Buée Luc , Niedergang Florence , Galas Marie‐Christine , Montagutelli Xavier , Bonnefoy Eliette
Published: October 2024

Microglial cells are the phagocytic cells of the brain that under physiological conditions participate in brain homeostasis and surveillance. Under pathogenic states, microglia undergoes strong morphological and transcriptional changes potentially leading to sustained neuroinflammation, brain damage, and cognitive disorders. Postnatal and adult Zika virus (ZIKV) brain infection is characterized by the induction of reactive microglia associated with brain inflammation, synapse loss and neuropathogenesis. Contrary to neurons, microglial cells are not infected by ZIKV thus raising the question of the mechanism governing ZIKV‐induced microglia's reactivity. In this work, we have questioned the role of exogenous, neuronal type I interferons (IFNs‐I) in regulating ZIKV‐induced microglia's reactivity. Primary cultured microglial cells were either treated with conditioned media from ZIKV‐infected mature neurons or co‐cultured with ZIKV‐infected neurons. Using either an antibody directed against the IFNAR receptor that neutralizes the IFNs‐I response or Ifnar−/−microglial cells, we demonstrate that IFNs‐I produced by ZIKV‐infected neurons are the main regulators of the phagocytic capacity and the pro‐inflammatory gene expression profile of reactive, non‐infected microglial cells. We identify protein kinase R (PKR), whose expression is activated by IFNs‐I, as a major regulator of the phagocytic capacity, pro‐inflammatory response, and morphological changes of microglia induced by IFNs‐I while up‐regulating STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression. Results obtained herein in vitro with primary cultured cells and in vivo in ZIKV‐infected adult immunocompetent mice, unravel a role for IFNs‐I and PKR in directly regulating microglia's reactivity that could be at work in other infectious and non‐infectious brain pathologies.
Endogenous histidine peptides are physiological antioxidants that prevent oligodendrocyte cell death and myelin loss in vivo
Authors: Sajrawi Clara , Odeh Maali , Tiwari Akshay K. , Agranovich Bella , Abramovich Ifat , Zubedat Salman , Saar Galit , Shaulov Lihi , Avital Avi , Reznik Dan , Benhar Moran , Radzishevsky Inna , Engelender Simone , Wolosker Herman
Published: October 2024

Histidine dipeptides (HDs) are synthesized in brain oligodendrocytes by carnosine synthase (carns1), but their role is unknown. Using metabolomics and in vivo experiments with both constitutive and oligodendrocyte‐selective carns1‐KO mouse models, we found that HDs are critical for oligodendrocyte survival and protect against oxidative stress. Carns1‐KO mouse models had lower numbers of mature oligodendrocytes, increased lipid peroxidation, and behavioral changes. Cuprizone administration, which increases reactive oxygen species in vivo, resulted in higher oligodendrocyte death, demyelination, axonal alterations, and oxidative damage in the corpus callosum of carns1‐KO mice. Gliosis and oxidative damage by cuprizone were prevented by pretreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. NADPH levels were increased threefold in the brains of carns1‐KO mice as an antioxidant response to oxidative stress through acceleration of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This was due to overexpression of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate‐limiting enzyme of the PPP. Likewise, expression of NAD kinase, the biosynthetic enzyme for NADP+, and NAMPT, which replenishes the NAD+ pool, was higher in carns1‐KO mice brains than in controls. Our observations suggest that HDs cell‐autonomously protect oligodendrocytes from oxidative stress, with implications for demyelinating diseases.
Benefits of Bedside Open Tracheostomy: A Safe and Cost‐Effective Alternative to the Operating Room
Authors: Winchester Arianna , Strum David , Saeedi Arman , Bhatt Nupur , Chow Michael , Mir Ghayoour , Jacobson Adam
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure in Otolaryngology and can be performed in different settings. We evaluate patient characteristics and cost efficacy of tracheostomy at the bedside versus operating room (OR).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients who underwent tracheostomy from 2020 to 2023. Data and cost of procedures were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

One hundred and sixty‐five patients were included. One hundred and thirty‐four (81.2%) patients underwent bedside tracheostomy. Age, sex, and BMI were not significantly different. Average time from consult to procedure and operative time was significantly shorter (p = 0.03; 0.008). There were no differences in postoperative complications, 30‐day mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), or overall LOS. Tracheostomy at the bedside offered a 73.1% cost reduction compared with performed in the OR.

Conclusion

Advantages of bedside tracheostomy include decreased operative time, time from consult to procedure, and cost reduction for the hospital system. We advocate for consideration of bedside tracheostomy when appropriate.

Level of Evidence

4.
Anxiety and depression in cancer patients and survivors in the context of restrictions in contact and oncological care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Doege Daniela , Frick Julien , Eckford Rachel D. , Koch‐Gallenkamp Lena , Schlander Michael ,   Baden‐Württemberg Cancer Registry, Arndt Volker
Published: October 2024

Treatment modifications and contact restrictions were common during the COVID‐19 pandemic and can be stressors for mental health. There is a lack of studies assessing pandemic‐related risk factors for anxiety and depression of cancer patients and survivors systematically in multifactorial models. A total of 2391 participants, mean age 65.5 years, ≤5 years post‐diagnosis of either lung, prostate, breast, colorectal cancer, or leukemia/lymphoma, were recruited in 2021 via the Baden‐Württemberg Cancer Registry, Germany. Sociodemographic information, pandemic‐related treatment modifications, contact restrictions, and anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) were assessed via self‐administered questionnaire. Clinical information (diagnosis, stage, and treatment information) was obtained from the cancer registry. Overall, 22% of participants reported oncological care modifications due to COVID‐19, mostly in follow‐up care and rehabilitation. Modifications of active cancer treatment were reported by 5.8%. Among those, 50.5% had subclinical anxiety and 55.4% subclinical depression (vs. 37.4% and 45.4%, respectively, for unchanged active treatment). Age <60 years, female sex, lung cancer, low income, and contact restrictions to peer support groups or physicians were identified as independent risk factors for anxiety. Risk factors for depression were lung cancer (both sexes), leukemia/lymphoma (females), recurrence or palliative treatment, living alone, low income, and contact restrictions to relatives, physicians, or caregivers. The study demonstrates that changes in active cancer treatment and contact restrictions are associated with impaired mental well‐being. The psychological consequences of treatment changes and the importance for cancer patients to maintain regular contact with their physicians should be considered in future responses to threats to public health.
Beyond borders: The global impact of violating reproductive human rights
Authors: Sridhar Aparna , Koch Mikaela R. , Kasliwal Asha , Morris Jessica L. , Gil Laura , Purandare Nikhil , Diaz Ivonne
Published: October 2024

A fundamental component of the basic right to health is the right to sexual health, encompassing an individual's right to decide freely on matters of sexual and reproductive health without discrimination. Provision of these rights is inextricably linked with a wide range of other internationally agreed upon human rights, including the right to information, participation, and equality. Evidence has shown that provision of these rights not only improves maternal and neonatal health, but also healthcare worker safety and the provision of a vast array of critical and necessary medical care. And yet, too often—and with increasing frequency—sexual and reproductive rights are being violated worldwide, with rising taboos, stigma, and discrimination, particularly within abortion, contraception, and fertility care. FIGO strongly supports comprehensive, equitable, and accessible sexual and reproductive health care for all individuals, recognizing that these rights are essential components of global health and fundamental human rights. This includes a particular emphasis on special populations, healthcare workers, and women and girls in crisis zones. FIGO encourages its member societies to deliver comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care, advocate for coverage for sexual and reproductive health care, become involved in analyzing barriers to access within health systems, and provide nonjudgemental, confidential, person‐centered care.
Strontium‐containing mineralized phospholipid coatings improve osseointegration in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Fernandes e Oliveira Hiskell Francine , Addison Owen , Yogui Fernanda C. , Cruz Marcos Antonio Eufrásio , Nogueira Lucas Fabricio Bahia , Okamoto Roberta , Souza Ana Carla Gonçales , Ramos Ana Paula , Verri Fellippo Ramos
Published: October 2024

Surface treatments play an important role in enhancing the osseointegration of Titanium (Ti) and its alloys. This study introduces a method employing biomimetic hydroxyapatite (Hap) deposition guided by molecularly organized phospholipids, affixed to the metal implant surface. Using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, phospholipids were deposited onto Ti‐screws by using CaCl2 or CaCl2/SrCl2 aqueous solution in the subphase of a Langmuir trough in the target proportion (i.e. 10 and 90 mol% of Sr2+ in relation of Ca2+) followed by immersion in phosphate buffer and in supersaturated simulated body fluid. Coating composition and morphology were evaluated using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, while contact angle measurements assessed coating wettability and surface energy. Randomized screws were then implanted into the tibias of healthy and osteoporotic female rats (G1: Control‐Machined, G2: Hap, G3: HapSr10, G4: HapSr90). Osseointegration, assessed 60 days post‐implantation, included reverse torque, fluorochrome area, bone tissue‐screw contact area, and linear extent of bone‐screw contact. Results, grouped by surface treatment (Machined, Hap, HapSr10, HapSr90), revealed that the deposition of Hap, HapSr10, and HapSr90 resulted in thin and rough coatings composed of hydroxyapatite (Hap) on the screw surface with nanoscale pores. The coatings resulted in increased wettability and surface energy of Ti surfaces. The minerals are chemically similar to natural bone apatite as revealed by FTIR analysis. In vivo analyses indicated higher torque values for strontium‐containing surfaces in the osteoporotic group (p = 0.02) and, in the control group superior torque for screw removal on the Hap surface (p = 0.023). Hydroxyapatite‐treated surfaces enhance morphology, composition, and reactivity, promoting screw osseointegration in healthy and osteoporotic female rats. The incorporation of strontium into the mineral phase has been proposed to not only stimulate osteoblast activity but also reduce osteoclastic resorption, which may explain the improved outcomes observed here in experimental osteoporotic conditions.
Local Sustained Dinutuximab Delivery and Release From Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate
Authors: Mistretta Katelyn S. , Tiche Jane , Chiu Bill , Coburn Jeannine M.
Published: October 2024

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. High‐risk NB is a subset of the disease that has poor prognosis and requires multimodal treatment regimens, with a 50% rate of recurrence despite intervention. There is a need for improved treatment strategies to reduce high‐risk patient mortality. Dinutuximab is an anti‐GD2 antibody ideal for targeting GD2 expressing NB cells, but binding of the antibody to peripheral nerve fibers leads to severe pain during systemic administration. Intratumoral delivery of the anti‐GD2 antibody would allow for increased local antibody concentration, without increasing systemic toxicity. Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is a biocompatible glycosaminoglycan that can be methacrylated to form CSMA, a photocrosslinkable hydrogel that can be loaded with therapeutic agents. The methacrylation reaction time can be varied to achieve different degrees of substitution, resulting in different release and degradation profiles. In this work, 4 and 24 h reacted CSMA was used to create hydrogels at 10% and 20% CSMA. Sustained in vitro release of dinutuximab from these formulations was observed over a 24‐day period, and 4 h reacted 10% CSMA hydrogels had the highest overall dinutuximab release over time. An orthotropic mouse model was used to evaluate in vivo response to dinutuximab loaded 4 h methacrylated 10% CSMA hydrogels as compared to bolus tail vein injections. Tumor growth was monitored, and there was a statistically significant increase in the days to reach specific tumor size for tumors treated with intratumoral dinutuximab‐loaded hydrogel compared to those treated with dinutuximab solution through tail vein injection. This supports the concept that locally delivering dinutuximab within the hydrogel formulation slowed tumor growth. The CSMA hydrogel‐only treatment slowed tumor growth as well, an interesting effect that may indicate interactions between the CSMA and cell adhesion molecules in the tumor microenvironment. These findings demonstrate a potential avenue for local sustained delivery of dinutuximab for improved anti‐tumoral response in high‐risk NB.
Procedure‐related readmissions following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a liver transplant cohort
Authors: Gu Jennifer , Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Ng Jonathan , Be Kim H , Vaughan Rhys , Chandran Sujievvan , Efthymiou Marios
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Data on post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events and readmission rates in liver transplantation (LT) patients remain scarce. This study determined the 30‐day procedure‐related readmission rate following ERCP in an LT cohort at an Australian tertiary academic center.

Methods

All unplanned readmissions within 30 days following ERCP in orthotopic LT patients between December 2012 and August 2021 were retrospectively identified. Demographic data, procedure variables, and readmission characteristics were also collected.

Results

Forty‐five procedure‐related readmissions were identified (3.3%) from a total of 1369 ERCP procedures. This included 33 cases of cholangitis (2.4%), 7 cases of nonspecific abdominal pain (0.5%), 5 cases of mild post‐ERCP pancreatitis (0.5%), and 3 cases of bleeding (0.2%). No procedure‐related mortality was observed.

Conclusion

The procedure‐related readmission rate following ERCP in this LT cohort was 3.3%, which is likely lower than comparable studies carried out on the overall population.
Academic hospitalist perspectives on the benefits and challenges of secure messaging: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Knees Michelle , Keniston Angela , Yu Amy , Sakumoto Matthew , Westergaard Sara , Schwatka Natalie , Peterson Rachel , Kochar Aveena , Auerbach Andrew , Lee Tiffany , Burden Marisha
Published: October 2024

Background

Hospitals and patients rely on effective clinician communication. Asynchronous electronic secure messaging (SM) systems are a common way for hospitalists to communicate, but few studies have evaluated how hospitalists are navigating the adoption of SM and the benefits and challenges they are encountering.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess academic hospitalist perspectives on SM to guide future research and quality improvement initiatives.

Methods

This was a mixed methods study utilizing an embedded REDCap survey and six virtual semistructured focus groups. It took place during a Hospital Medicine ReEngineering Network Zoom meeting on October 13, 2023. Rapid qualitative methods were used to define major themes.

Results

There were 28 hospitalists and one patient representative across 24 separate academic institutions. There was a 71% survey completion rate (N = 20). SM was felt to be an effective and efficient communication modality but was associated with a large amount of multitasking and interruptions. Perspectives around SM clustered around three main themes: SM has been widely but variably adopted; there is a lack of institutional guidance about how to best engage with SM; and SM is changing the landscape of hospitalist work by increasing ease but decreasing depth of communication, increasing cognitive load, and changing interpersonal relationships. Recommendations for SM improvements included the need for institutions to work with frontline workers to develop and implement clear usage guidelines.

Conclusion

SM is likely contributing to both positive and negative effects for clinicians and patients. Understanding hospitalist perspectives on SM will help guide future research and quality improvement initiatives.
Tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A exceeds endomysial antibody in specificity of celiac diagnosis at ≥10 times the upper limit of normal
Authors: Pacheco Maria Cristina , Fink Susan L. , Lee Dale , Dickerson Jane
Published: October 2024

Objective

Serologic diagnosis using tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (TTG‐IgA) and endomysial antibody (EMA) is being integrated into the care of pediatric patients with positive screening for celiac disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of EMA in pediatric patients being considered for serologic diagnosis.

Methods

Patients with TTG‐IgA testing performed between May 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023 and with subsequent duodenal biopsy within 6 months were included. TTG‐IgA serum samples were frozen and sent for EMA testing and titer. EMA was evaluated for positivity and TTG‐IgA (normal <15 U/mL) for elevation <10 times (10x) the upper limit of normal (ULN) and ≥10x ULN (≥150 U/mL). Sensitivity and specificity of EMA and TTG‐IgA were calculated using biopsy histology as the gold standard.

Results

Four hundred and eighty‐six patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity of TTG‐IgA ≥15 U/mL was 87.5% and 95.4% while EMA was 77.5% and 97.3%. For patients with TTG‐IgA ≥10x ULN the specificity was 99.3%. The positive predictive value of TTG‐IgA at ≥10x ULN was 91.4% and for EMA was 83.6%. All three patients with false‐positive TTG‐IgA ≥10x ULN also had false‐positive EMA, and two of these patients had type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

TTG‐IgA has greater sensitivity at the screening threshold of ≥15 U/mL and greater specificity and positive predictive value at ≥10x ULN than EMA. TTG‐IgA at ≥10x ULN is superior to EMA for the serologic diagnosis of celiac disease.
How Do Changes in Ecosystem Services Multifunctionality Influence Human Wellbeing? Evidence From the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China
Authors: Liu Lumeng , Liu Yilin , Kong Lingqiang , Zhong Zhen , Fang Xuening
Published: October 2024

A proclaimed goal of landscape management is to improve the multifunctionality of ecosystem services (ESs) to sustain higher levels of human wellbeing (HWB). Although the enhancement of ES multifunctionality is often considered to lead to better HWB, empirical evidence directly supporting this claim remains scarce. This study investigates the relationship between ES multifunctionality and HWB in rapidly urbanizing regions, using the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China as a case study. We quantified ES multifunctionality with the Gini‐Simpson Diversity Index and identified ES multifunctional types using the bundle approach. We also calculated both the HWB mean score and HWB evenness score with the improved radar chart method, examining their relationships with ES multifunctionality through Spearman correlation analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum test. Results showed that (1) ES multifunctionality exhibited varied relationships with HWB indicators, but overall showed significant negative associations with both HWB mean score and HWB evenness score. (2) Each HWB indicator significantly differed across the detected ES bundles, but none of the bundles exhibited the highest values of all HWB indicators. (3) HWB mean score and HWB evenness score were generally higher in the peri‐urban bundle while lower in the agriculture and forest bundles. Our findings suggest that peri‐urban landscapes can provide relatively higher and more balanced levels of HWB in urban agglomerations. This also implies that a “land‐sharing” urban development model, which balances natural and built environments, may be more beneficial for enhancing ES multifunctionality and HWB compared with a “land‐sparing” model, where natural and built areas are separated.
2D Black Phosphorus Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Zhu Xianjun , Cai Zheng , Wu Qihan , Wu Jinlong , Liu Shujuan , Chen Xiang , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2024

2D black phosphorus (b‐P) possesses several remarkable properties, including ambipolar transport, high carrier mobility, in‐plane anisotropy, polarization sensitivity, a narrow direct bandgap that can be tuned with the number of layers, and highly compatible with silicon‐based technologies. These characteristics make it a promising material for photodetection in the near‐infrared to mid‐infrared range. However, to date, most of the reviews on b‐P are centered around electronic and optoelectronic devices, with few specifically addressing infrared detection. Herein, the recent research progress on b‐P infrared detectors is summarized in this review. This article introduces the principle of optoelectronic detection, the main properties of 2D b‐P, the development history of b‐P fabrication methods, presents and discusses the performance and characteristics of various infrared photodetectors based on different structures of 2D b‐P that have been researched in recent years. Finally, the challenges that may be faced by black phosphorus‐based infrared photoelectric detectors are briefly introduced, and the potential application directions are discussed from the perspective of large‐scale production and practical application. This article provides an in‐depth analysis and evaluation of the future development prospects of 2D b‐P materials as a potential excellent candidate of infrared photodetectors.
Paradoxical decompositions of free F2$F_2$‐sets and the Hahn‐Banach axiom
Authors: Morillon Marianne
Published: October 2024

Denoting by the free group over a two‐element alphabet, we show in set‐theory without the axiom of choice that the existence of a (2, 2)‐paradoxical decomposition of free ‐sets follows from the conjunction of a weakened consequence of the Hahn‐Banach axiom and a weakened consequence of the axiom of choice for pairs. The existence in of a paradoxical decomposition with 4 pieces of the sphere in the 3‐dimensional euclidean space follows from the same two statements restricted to the set of real numbers. Our result is linked to the ‐paradoxical decompositions of free ‐sets previously obtained by Pawlikowski (, cf. [11]) and then by Sato and Shioya ( and , cf. [13]) with the sole Hahn‐Banach axiom.
Heat kernel gradient estimates for the Vicsek set
Authors: Baudoin Fabrice , Chen Li
Published: October 2024

We prove pointwise and gradient estimates for the heat kernel on the bounded and unbounded Vicsek set and applications to Sobolev inequalities are given. We also define a Hodge semigroup in that setting and prove estimates for its kernel.
Full Thickness, Near‐Total to Total Lower Lip Reconstruction Using Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Free Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Stanley Edward A. , Illie Vlad
Published: October 2024

Near‐total to total lower lip defects present significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons, requiring restoration of oral competency, maximization of oral aperture, and cosmetic appearance. This report explores a novel reconstructive option addressing all three needs. Traditionally, local flap options restore cosmesis and oral competency by recruiting local tissue of similar thickness, pliability, and appearance, but often result in microstomia. Conversely, free flaps prevent microstomia but can lead to bulky and cosmetically unacceptable reconstructions. We present the first case of using a super‐thin superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) free flap for near‐total, full‐thickness lower lip reconstruction. The patient was a 66‐year‐old female with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, requiring wide local excision and resulting in an 80% full‐thickness defect with unilateral oral commissure loss. An 8 cm × 5 cm × 5 mm SCIP flap was raised with a 4.5‐cm pedicle length and anastomosed to the facial artery and vein. Clear fluids were commenced 7 days postoperatively, wounds healed 2 weeks postoperatively, and a normal diet was resumed at this time. The SCIP flap offers an excellent additional option for managing full‐thickness near‐total to total lower lip defects. Its thin, pliable nature and minimal donor site morbidity help restore oral competency, maximize oral aperture, and achieve a pleasing cosmetic result.
Ameliorative Effects of Ginger on Allergic Diseases: An Updated Review
Authors: Khaki Vaighan Mohammad , Shams Mohammad Hossein , Tatari Fatemeh , Jafari Reza , Sohrabi Seyyed Mohsen , Eskandari Nahid , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: October 2024

The hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to harmless environmental substances causes allergic diseases. Today, about 22%–30% of the world's population suffers from allergic diseases. Since the probability of change in the genetic structure during the past decades of lives is very low, genetic disorders cannot be blamed for causing allergic diseases. Thus, factors such as air pollution, climate change, change in diet, increased antibiotics consumption, change in the gut microbiome, migration toward urban areas, and increase in airborne allergens should be considered as the main causes of the spread and increase in allergic diseases. Methods of preventing contact with allergens, drug treatment, and allergen‐specific immunotherapy are used to treat allergic diseases. In recent years, the therapeutic efficacy of herbal compounds has been significantly investigated by the scientific community, because these compounds have very few side effects. Ginger is one of the plant compounds that have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The ameliorative effects of this plant on allergic diseases have been identified. Therefore, the aim of this short review is to summarize the knowledge, which is available about the ameliorative properties of the compounds found in the ginger plant that can reduce the clinical symptoms of allergic diseases.
Garlic Bioconverted by Bacillus subtilis Stimulates the Intestinal Immune System and Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Tonog Genevieve , Yu Hyeonjun , Moon Sung‐Kwon , Lee Sanghyun , Jeong Hyeleen , Kim Hae Soung , Kim Kwang Bin , Suh Hyung Joo , Kim Hoon
Published: October 2024

Scope

This study evaluates the potential of bioconverted garlic ferments (BGFs) to stimulate the intestinal immune system and modulate cecal microbiota composition.

Methods and results

In vitro, BGF significantly enhances Peyer's patch (PP)‐mediated bone marrow cell proliferation and increases the production of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interleukin (IL)‐6, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) but not IL‐4, IL‐5, and immunoglobulin E (IgE). Oral administration of BGF to C3H/HeN mice for 4 weeks significantly increases the GM‐CSF (42.1–45.8 pg mL−1) and IFN‐γ (6.5–12.1 pg mL−1) levels in PP cells. BGF also significantly elevates the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α, 165.0–236.3 pg mg−1), GM‐CSF (2.4–3.0 ng mg−1), and IFN‐γ (1.5–3.2 ng mg−1) in the small intestinal fluid, and TNF‐α (2.2–3.1 pg mL−1) and IFN‐γ (10.3–0.21.5 pg mL−1) in the mouse serum. Cecal microbial analysis reveals that BGF increases Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota and decreases Actinobacteria and Bacillota at the phylum level in mice. At the genus level, BGF significantly increases the abundance of Fusimonas (250 mg kg−1 BW−1 day−1), Bacteroides (125 and 250 mg kg−1 BW−1 day−1), and Akkermansia (125 mg kg−1 BW−1 day−1) and decreases that of Bifidobacterium (62.5 and 250 mg kg−1 BW−1 day−1) and Limosilactobacillus (125 and 250 mg kg−1 BW−1 day−1).

Conclusion

This study provides the first evidence of BGF's ability to modulate the intestinal immune system and gut microbiota, supporting its potential as a novel functional material to enhance gut immunity.
Sulforaphane Improves Liver Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mice Models Fed With High‐Fat Diets
Authors: He Canxia , Chen Mengyuan , Jiang Xiaoxin , Ren Jingyi , Ganapathiraju Srikar Varma , Lei Peng , Yang Haitao , Pannu Prabh Roohan , Zhao Yun , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: October 2024

Scope

This study aims to investigate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota in a shifted circadian rhythm (CR) mouse model fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results

A shifted CR mouse model with HFD is constructed. Biochemical analyses are used to evaluate the effects of SFN on lipid accumulation and liver function. Targeted metabolomics is used for liver metabolites. Results from hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining show that SFN improves liver lipid accumulation and intestinal inflammatory damage in shifted CR treatment with HFD. The concentrations of amino acid metabolites are increased, and the levels of bile acid metabolites are significantly decreased by SFN treatment. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate that SFN modulates gut microbiota, particularly by enhancing beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Eubacteriaum coprostanoligenes. Correlation analysis confirms a close relationship between intestinal microbiota and hepatic metabolites. SFN significantly regulates CR protein expression in the hypothalamus and liver tissues.

Conclusion

SFN alleviates hepatic metabolic disorder and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by CR disruption under a high‐fat diet in a mouse model, indicating the potential of SFN in regulating CR disruption.