bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl for Blunting Hemodynamic Response to Intubation
Authors: Khan Abid , Feroz Shizan Hamid , Iqbal Sana , Khan Zafarullah , Yaseen Talha , Khan Shahum
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl on the blunting of the hemodynamic response to intubation.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Peshawar Pakistan, from Jan to Aug 2021.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 908 patients who were ASA grades I and II and underwent general anaesthesia for any surgical procedure. Group-A received Dexmedetomidine, while Group-B received Fentanyl and routine preanaesthetic medications. Hemodynamic responses in both groups were recorded and compared in heart rate and mean arterial pressure at baseline, 2, 5, and 10 minutes after the intubation.

Results: Out of 908 patients equally divided into two groups, 579 (63.7%) were males, while 329 (36.3%) were females. The mean age of patients included in our study was 33.445 6.363 years. A significant increase in heart rate was found at 2, 5 and 10 minutes in the group who took Fentanyl compared to the group who took Dexmedetomidine (p-value 0.001).  ignificant increases in mean arterial pressure were found at 2 and 5 minutes (p-value 0.019 and 0.007, respectively) in the Fentanylgroup, while no significant difference was found at 10 minutes in either group (p-value 0.914).

Conclusion: In this study, Dexmedetomidine was found to be a better agent in providing hemodynamic stability during and after the process of intubation compared to Fentanyl.
Role of Rebound Tenderness and Other Parameters in the Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis Using Alvarado Score
Authors: Khan Rashid Iqbal , Malhi Ayub Ashraf , Mehmood Khalid , Bajwa Khurram Sarfaraz , Gul Uzma Javed , Ayaz Bilal
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the role of rebound tenderness in Alvarado score compared to other parameters in evaluating acute appendicitis.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of the Study: Surgical Emergency Unit, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jul 2021 to Jan 2022.

Methodology: All the patients aged 18 to 70 years suspected of acute appendicitis were consecutively enrolled. An appendectomy was conducted, and an appendix specimen was sent to confirm the histopathology diagnosis. Rebound tenderness and other Alvarado score parameters were noted. Alvarado score≥7 was labelled as acute appendicitis.

Results: Of 165 patients, the mean age of the patients was 29.09 ±6.63 years. The majority of the patients were males (119, 72.1%). Rebound tenderness was observed in 93 (56.4%) patients, migration of pain in 158 (95.8%), anorexia in 140 (84.8%), nausea/vomiting in 97 (58.8%), right lower quadrant tenderness in 54 (32.7%) cases, elevated temperature in 95 (57.6%), leukocytosis count ≥10 x 103/mm3 in 105 (63.6%), and neutrophil count >75% in 67 (40.6%) patients. A significantly higher association of rebound tenderness was observed with histo pathological findings (p-value <0.001), Alvarado score of >7 (pvalue <0.001), and its other parameters (p-value <0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of rebound tenderness and Alvarado score, taking histopathology as the gold standard, showed a sensitivity of 98.92%.

Conclusion: The study findings have shown that rebound tenderness is the most important sign of acute appendicitis compared with other Alvarado score parameters.
Comparison of Outcomes Following Syndactyly Release with Grafts and Without Grafts
Authors: Mansoor Palwasha , Ahmed Rao Saood , Hameed Shahid , Aslam Muhammad Rizwan , Butt Muhammad Wajih Uddin , Khadim Rehana
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the results of syndactyly release with or without graft in patients with simple syndactyly of hand.

Study Design: Prospective comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jun 2019

Methodology: Forty-five patients with simple syndactyly were included in this study. Group-1 had 20 patients whose syndactyly was released without using a skin graft. Group-2 had 25 patients whose soft tissue was covered with a fullthickness skin graft between the flaps post syndactyly release. Both groups were compared based on operative time, wound healing time, and when physiotherapy was started post operatively.

Results: The results of our study showed that the mean operative time for the first group was 47.1 ± 4.5 minutes (range 35-60 minutes) and for the second group 90.5 ± 10.0 minutes (range 72-108 minutes) with a p-value <0.001. The wound healing time for the first group was 15.2 ± 1.3 days (12-18 days’ range) and for the second group was 22.5 ± 5.1 days (range 14-30 days) with a p-value <0.001. Post-operative physiotherapy was started earlier in the first group with an average of 20.6 ± 1.3 days (18-22 days’ range) as compared to the second group whose average time of the start of physiotherapy was 27.7 ± 4.4 days (range 20- 35 days) with p-value <0.001.

Conclusion: Syndactyly release without a skin graft has a lesser operative time, early wound healing and an earlier start of physiotherapy than syndactyly release with......
Saliva as a Non-Invasive Sample for Molecular Detection of SARS- CoV-2
Authors: Ghani Eijaz , Ahmed Faraz , Niazi Saifullah Khan , Noor Misbah , Shakoor Noman , Hussain Hammad
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the Saliva specimen as a non-invasive sample for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared with Nasopharyngeal Swab.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Virology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, in Oct 2020.

Methodology: Forty-eight patients were included in this study from SARS-CoV-2 Outdoor Clinic in Pak Emirates Military (PEMH), Rawalpindi. Out of 48 patients, 28 known SARS-CoV-2 positives by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and 20 known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative patients were included in this study. Paired samples of Nasopharyngeal swabs and Saliva samples were collected from forty-eight patients. Samples were transported to Virology Department AFIP in Viral Transport Medium (VTM) and subjected to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR simultaneously. The sensitivity and specificity of the Saliva specimen for SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR were compared with Nasopharyngeal Swab.

Results: A total of 48 patients were included in this study, of which 28 (58%) patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on NPS by RT-PCR. Among the 28 positive cases, 18 (64.3%) were positive by RT-PCR using saliva specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of saliva specimens compared with NPS were 64.3% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion: Saliva specimen has much lower sensitivity as compared to NPS in our study. Therefore, it cannot be implemented for the diagnosis of COVID-19 as it can compromise the results of a highly sensitive test like RT-PCR.
Variegation in the Number of Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas of Rats Fed on Sodium Cyclamate
Authors: Kundi Hina , Waseem Naureen , Qamar Abdullah , Bilal Ruqqia , Qureshi Saima , Yousaf Maria
Published: December 2022

Objective: To observe the effects of an artificial sweetener (sodium cyclamate) on a rat's pancreas and glucose levels.

Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in association with the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan from Jun 2014 to Jan 2015.

Methodology: Forty Sprague Dawley rats (male and female housed separately to avoid mating and pregnancy) were involved in the experiment. Twenty rats in each control and experimental group. C served as control and E for the experimental group. A normal laboratory diet was fed to control Group-C for two months, whereas through an oral gavage needle, artificial sweetener 60mg/kg/day (sodium cyclamate) was fed to experimental animals for two months. During the two months after twelve-hour fasting, rats' blood glucose level was recorded weekly. At the commencement and completion of these two months, the weight of the animals was noted.

Results: Fasting blood sugars of experimental group was found to be statistically significant from week 3 to 9 with p-values of 0.034, <0.001, <0.001, 0.002, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001 respectively. Number of islets of Langerhans was significantly higher 13.70 ± 1.87μm in experimental group compared with control group with the p-value of <0.001.

Conclusion: Sodium cyclamate not only affected the glucose metabolism but also disturbed the normal histology of the endocrine pancreas.
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Pakistan (SOGP) Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Guidelines- 2022
Authors: Baqai Shehla M , Rahim Rehana , Ala Hasan , Tarar Shahida Husain , Waqar Fareesa , Yasmeen Haleema , Waheed Anam
Published: December 2022

The Society of Obstetricians & Gynecologist Pakistan Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (SOGP- HDP) guideline is evidence based practical clinical guide to the management of pregnant women with hypertension. It defines hypertension, preeclampsia & severe hypertension, encourages measuring blood pressure (BP) accurately, preferably by automated/mercury blood pressure monitors. The guideline gives an approach to screening, risk prediction and prevention of preeclampsia and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The guideline emphasizes experienced team management approach and mandatory hospital protocols for the management of pregnant women with hypertension. The aim is to have locally tailored easy to follow protocols for preconception care, screening, prevention and management of women at risk of preeclampsia; management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy, antihypertensive therapy for severe and non-severe hypertension. In addition, it discusses post-partum management, contraception, follow-up, discusses risk of recurrence and long-term follow up for women with preeclampsia to mitigate future cardio-metabolic risks to maternal health associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Vestibular Rehabilitation with Intratympanic Drug Therapy in Meniere's Disease
Authors: Ayub Zeeshan , Ashfaq Ahmed Hasan , Khan Amir Ali , Butt Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate vertigo control and auditory rescue in patients with Meniere's disease treated with intratympanic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone.

Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT05355610).Place and Duration of Study: ENT Departments CMH Quetta and Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan from Apr 2020 to Mar 2022.

Methodology: Ninety-three cases of unilateral Meniere's disease meeting the inclusion criteria were treated with intratym-panic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. Pre and post-treatment vertigo was assessed on Vestibular Deficit Index. Speech discrimination scores for auditory impact were also recorded pre and post-treatment.

Results: In the Ninety-three treated cases, there was a statistically significant improvement in the Vestibular Deficit Index (with a p-value of 0.001). Although all patients had a reduced speech discrimination score, it was not statistically significant (p value=0.08).

Conclusion: Control of vestibular symptoms can be achieved with intratympanic Gentamicin, and at the same time, the auditory system can be rescued with Dexamethasone.
Skills and Attitudes of Students which Affect Fostering of Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Muqeem Ahmad , Arshad Syma , Sajid Sadaf , Ahmad Abdullah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To identify students' skills and attitudes which affect fostering critical thinking in undergraduate medical students.

Study Design: Modified Delphi Study.

Place and Duration of Study: University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Apr 2019.

Methodology: This study was carried out to develop consensus. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. A draft questionnaire was developed on Google Forms and sent to five experts for pilot study, construct validation and cognitive pre-testing. Wait Time, rating on the Likert Scale and Consensus criteria of 80% were defined before the start of the study. A new questionnaire was sent to participants in each round.

Results: The study enrolled 27 experts, of which only 14 participated in all the three rounds. Experts initially identified 18 factors related to students' skills and attitudes. The consensus was achieved for 14 out of the final 16 factors. Pre-medical education through Matric/FSc. rote memorization, lack of logical and rational thinking, no active participation in interactive sessions and strategic learning by students hamper fostering critical thinking. On the other hand, students from O/A level possess better critical thinking skills because they were trained to criticize and question during class activities.

Conclusion: Individual skills/attitudes of students affect fostering of critical thinking among undergraduate medical students. They should be addressed primarily in pre-medical schools for better critical thinking abilities in medical school.
Multiple Myeloma-Clinicopathological Features and Risk Stratification
Authors: Hussain Mohsin , Mahmood Asad , Mahmood Rafia , Iqbal Hamid , Khurshid Ayesha , Khan Nabeela
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clinic pathological features and to risk stratify patients of multiple myeloma in our population.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: Patients that were newly diagnosed multiple myeloma on the basis of International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) 2014 criteria were included in the study. Blood counts, peripheral film examination, bone marrow aspirate and trephine were examined. Biochemical profile, serum protein electrophoresis and skeletal survey was assessed.

Results: A total of 65 newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma patients were included. Of these, 43 (66.2%) were males and 22 (33.8%) females. Mean age of the patients was 58.5 years with a range of 36-76 years. The most common presenting symptom was bone pain in 33 (50.8%) patients, followed by backache in 32 (49.2%) patients. Mean percentage of plasma cell on bone marrow examination was 40.89% ± 23.2. On risk stratification based on International staging system, 20 (30.7%) patients were in stage I, 19 (29.1%) patients were on stage II while 26 (40.2%) patients were in stage III.

Conclusion: Bone pain and backache along with anemia were found the predominant complaints of patients presenting with multiple myeloma in our setup with male predominance. Risk stratification of multiple myeloma according to ISS revealed that stage III was the most predominant in our population.
The Relation Between Non-Carious Cervical Lesions and Possible Etiological Factors – A Study from a Tertiary Care Setting of Pakistan
Authors: Alam Mafaza , Shah Syed Muzammil Hussain , Alam Laima , Shah Pir Jawad Ali , Bibi Afshan
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate and compare the risk factors of Non carious cervical lesions in relation to demographics, dietary, social and hygiene maintaining habits in Pakistani population presenting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi.

Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to May 2019.

Methodology: Two hundred patients of both genders ranging from age 12 to 70 years with a mean age of 46.4 ± 12.4 were studied for Non carious cervical lesions presence on convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires regarding their diet, acidic food consumption, social habits, frequency and pattern of brushing were being filled. Chi square statistics were used to compare groups and results were noted.

Results: Old age (55.4 ± 0.8 years), vegetarian diet (p≤0.001), consumption of acid foods (p≤0.001), bruxism (p≤0.001), harder tooth brushes (p≤0.001) with variable movements (p≤0.001) showed higher incidence of non-carious cervical lesions. Whereas use of fluoridated toothpastes (p≤0.001) and xylitol gums (p=0.02) demonstrated protection against the occurrence of these lesions.

Conclusion: The presence of Non carious cervical lesions was linked with the use of harder toothbrushes, variable vigorous pattern for tooth brushing, consumption of a vegetarian diet, and greater consumption of acidic food and bruxism. Effective policies should be developed for oral health and awareness of such conditions.
Role of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in Acute Status Migranous
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Kazmi Sakhawat , Gilani Atifa , Alamgir Waseem , Liaqat Jahnzeb , Hashmat Asif
Published: December 2022

Objective: To look for the role of intravenous magnesium sulphate in acute status migranous among the patients reporting at neurological emergency.

Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: A total of 51 patients were enrolled in the study presenting with acute headache in the neurological emergency and diagnosed as suffering from acute status migranous by the consultant neurologist. Pain was measured by using the visual analogue scale (VAS 10) at the time of arrival and other symptoms were also noted. 1gm Intravenous Magnesium sulphate was administered over 15 minutes and pain and other symptoms were noted again after half an hour of administration of magnesium sulphate.

Results: 20 (39.2%) patients were males and 31 (60.8%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 34.2 ± thirty minutes after the infusion of magnesium sulphate was 2.31 ± 1.113. There was a statistically significant difference in the visual analogue scale score before and after the administration of intravenous magnesium sulphate.

Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate emerged as an effective tool when administered intravenously with a dose of 1gm for relieving the symptoms of acute status migranous. It not only worked for headache but also proved to be effective for the associated symptoms.
Entre o engenho e a faculdade da medicina: o caso da pernambucana Maria Amélia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
Authors: Silva Tayanne Adrian Santana Morais da
Published: December 2022

Dentre as coisas que o senso comum também propaga e que não é raro é a ideia de que a mulher é inferior intelectualmente ao homem. Confunde-se, inclusive o fato de homens ao longo da história as taxarem como inferior, com a própria inferioridade fermina, como se por eles dizerem, elas são. Tal premissa tem um peso na nossa constituição como sujeitas de direitos. É como se a mulher não fosse nada antes de ser comparada com ou beneficiada pelo homem e é assim que a história durante muito tempo registrou. Salvo raríssimas exceções as mulheres só aparecem na história como vítimas, coitadas, santas ou prostitutas. Exceção também são aquelas da nobreza, que menos por seu gênero e mais por seus títulos, têm seus registros na História.
Seed productivity of varieties and breeding numbers fiber flax in the conditions of the Middle Urals
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Korepanova Elena , Goreeva Vera , Chirkova Ulyana
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of scientific research for 2020 and 2021 to study the comparative evaluation of varieties and breeding numbers of fiber flax in various soil and meteorological conditions and the selection of the best of them in terms of seed productivity. The soil of the experimental plots in the years of laying the experiments differed in the agrochemical characteristics of the arable layer: low and medium humus content, high and increased content of mobile phosphorus, high and very high content of mobile potassium, the soil solution in both years of research had a medium acid reaction. On soddy-medium podzolic medium loamy soil, the domestic variety Tverskoy stood out in terms of seed yield, providing seed productivity of 103 g/m2 at a plant density before harvesting of 1334 pcs/m2, the number of seeds per plant was 21,6 pcs., their weight 0,08 g. Among the studied fiber flax collection, domestic varieties Alfa (4,0 pcs.) and ER-138 (4,1 pcs.) were distinguished by the number of productive bolls per plant, and the domestic variety Tverskoy by the number of seeds per plant (21,6 pcs.), by weight of 1000 seeds (4,9 g) - Crystall variety from the USA. Keywords: FIBER FLAX, VARIETY, BREEDING NUMBER, SEED PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD
PHILIPPINE LEARNING CONTINUITY PLAN: A POLICY ANALYSIS IN TIMES OF PANDEMICPHILIPPINE LEARNING CONTINUITY PLAN: A POLICY ANALYSIS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
Authors: L. Go Juanito , A. Pansoy Sheila mae , M. Pecajas Romel
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the adoption of the DepEd Order No. 12, s. 2020 Basic Education-Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) for Grade three students in a School District of a Schools City Division situated in the Southern part of the Philippines, utilizing the UNESCO analytical framework in policy analysis in education. A qualitative research design using case study method was employed to elucidate the experiences and challenges of teachers and administrators in this time of pandemic, particularly for School Years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Results showed an increasing enrollment rate, 100% promotion rate, and no manifestations of students at-risk of dropping out. Although the Proficiency Level is increasing, some students still have low reading performance. Regarding education sector management, the school district created curriculum adjustments, re-aligned learning materials, deployed various learning delivery modalities, and provided training to teachers and school leaders. Similarly, all schools utilized the provision of financial resources efficiently since the budget utilization rate is 100%. Also, the monitoring and evaluation mechanism was operationalized in the said district. It is recommended that the Department of Education must optimize access and equity in this new normal education and establish more educational infrastructures for there is a need for more learning spaces; likewise, to ensure the delivery of quality education, interventions must be conducted to address the learning gaps such as intensifying the reading program; correspondingly, the district should conduct BE-LCP review and adjustments for continuous improvement; lastly, similar studies may be conducted focusing on plans for post-pandemic scenarios.
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PROGRAM KEAKSARAAN DASAR
Authors: Syah Rahmat
Published: December 2022

Abstrak: Motivasi belajar merupakan hal yang penting dalam pembelajaran orang dewasa, khususnya motivasi yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik program keaksaraan dasar. Pentingnya motivasi belajar pada peserta didik keaksaraan dikarenakan sulitnya peserta didik orang dewasa dalam menyerap materi pembelajaran jika tidak memiliki motif yang kuat, terlebih lagi peserta didik program keaksaraan dasar yang menghendaki orang dewasa supaya memiliki kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan motivasi orang dewasa dalam mengikuti kegiatan baca tulis melalui Program Pendidikan Keaksaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta program keaksaraan yang tersebar di berbagai provinsi pada tahun 2021 dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sebanyak 265 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa motif kuatorang dewasa yang menjadi peserta didik program pendidikan keaksaraan dasar di antaranya adalah mengenal huruf, belajar keterampilan, menambah ilmu pengetahuan, ingin bisa belajar membaca dan menghitung, ingin membuat produk usaha, dan ingin merasakan sekolah. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa motivasi membentuk sebuah pola, yaitu tekad untuk berbuat, menyediakan waktu belajar, serta sabar selama mengikuti pembelajaran. Kata-kata kunci: pendidikan keaksaraan dasar, motif belajar, pendidikan orang dewasa.Abstract: Learning motivation is important in adult learning, especially the motivation possessed by students inbasic literacy programs. The importance of learning motivation for literacy students is due to the diffi culty of adult students in absorbing learning materials if they do not have a strong motive, especially students of basic literacy programs that require adults to be able to read, write and count. This study aims to describe the motivation of adults in participating in reading and writing activities through the Literacy Education Program. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population of this research is all students participating in the literacy program spread across various provinces in 2021 with a purposive sampling of 265 respondents. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results show that there are several strong motives for literacy education participants to participate in literacy education programs including recognizing letters, learning skills, increasing knowledge, wanting to be able to learn to read and counting, wanting to make business products and wanting to feel school. In addition, students are moved to learn if they have a strong motivation to learn. The results of observations show that motivation form a pattern, namely the determination to act, provide study time, be patient in learning. Motivation to learn is one way to increase the effectiveness of learning.Keywords: basic literacy education, learning motives, adult education
"Attention! It’s the News.” Cognitive Load and News Posts on Facebook: An Eye-tracking Study
Authors: Srinivasan Preeti , Oeldrof-Hirsch Anne , Joergensen Gitte
Published: December 2022

Individuals get much of their news and information through social media. Thus, it has become crucial to evaluate how they are paying attention to and processing news content in this saturated space. The present study investigates users’ visual engagement with news posts on Facebook using cognitive load theory of attention. An eye-tracking device was used to track visual attention of N = 152 participants. Following a 3 x 2 between-subjects factorial design, we manipulated intrinsic cognitive load by varying the story topic (either health or science) and the extraneous load by varying the presentation type (text only, video only, or video with text). Cognitive load does impact attention, such that those who viewed the video with text story (high cognitive load) exhibited higher visual attention to the content. We conclude that content higher in complexity elicits more attention compared to less complex content on Facebook.
Subtypes of Post–COVID-19 Condition: A Review of the Emerging Evidence
Authors: Basharat Sinwan , Chao Yi-Sheng , McGill Sarah C.
Published: December 2022

Post–COVID-19 condition is a growing health concern and has been associated with more than 200 possible symptoms. The diverse and varied ways the condition presents clinically creates challenges for developing standard diagnostic criteria, and for health systems aiming to provide effective treatment and management supports for people.

To support health care, decision-makers and clinicians understand the different clinical presentations of the condition, we scanned the evidence base to examine early approaches being used to characterize and describe subtypes of post–COVID-19 condition. Subtypes can be developed with many different disease features and patient factors, but for this report we specifically reviewed potential subtypes based on symptoms and clinical presentation.

We found that some of the early approaches used to develop subtypes are based on statistical methods that group together patterns of symptoms. These studies are beginning to reveal potential subtypes based on severity of symptoms, type and co-occurrence of symptoms, and symptoms affecting different organ systems.

Many reported symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition are similar to previously characterized health conditions. In some cases, subtypes of post–COVID-19 may be manifestations of those other conditions. For example, certain subtypes may present with symptoms similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome or pulmonary fibrosis. It is uncertain whether those subtypes share the same or distinct pathophysiology and whether they may benefit from similar treatments.

Early evidence comparing the variant of infection and its association with potential subtypes of post–COVID-19 condition is emerging, but the findings are currently mixed. Some studies suggest that variants such as Delta and Omicron may result in different clinical presentations, while other studies have not found significant differences. Further research assessing the association between variants and subtypes is likely needed.

This review provides some implications and considerations for health systems should emerging research further characterize and validate proposed subtypes. These implications may be important for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of post–COVID-19 condition. With estimates in Canada suggesting that more than a million people could be affected by the condition, monitoring ongoing research on subtypes may help support the development of effective and tailored treatments, and guide health systems planning across the country.
Priročnik visokošolske didaktike
Authors: Urbančič Damijan
Published: December 2022

Priročnik za inovativno načrtovanje in izvajanje visokošolskega pouka, ki je nastal v okviru projekta INOVUP – Inovativno učenje in poučevanje v visokem šolstvu, pregledno in razumljivo združuje predstavljene temeljne vsebine, pojme in razlage, ki so ključni za razumevanje visokošolske didaktike in izobraževanja na tej ravni na splošno. Nastal je na podlagi ključnih virov s področja visokošolskega izobraževanja in je zasnovan kot gradivo za visokošolske učitelje.
Implementación de la tecnología para monitorear y mejorar la capacidad de gestión de la motivación del talento humano en las Mypymes del Cantón Portoviejo, Provincia de Manabí
Authors: Ulloa-de Souza Raúl Clemente , Reyna-Tenorio Luis Jheovanny , Chere-Quiñónez Byron Fernando
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la implementación de la tecnología para monitorear y mejorar la capacidad de gestión de la motivación del talento humano en las mypymes del Cantón Portoviejo, Provincia de Manabí. La metodología se orientó al paradigma positivista; el tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, el diseño no experimental transversal, la información fue recolectada a través de la técnica de encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario tipo escalamiento de Likert de preguntas cerradas. La población quedó conformada por 150 funcionarios y la muestra se obtuvo por muestreo aleatorio simple, quedando constituida por 108 trabajadores de la entidad. Conclusión: la implementación de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas dentro de la empresa requiere una estrategia para gestionar adecuadamente la resistencia al cambio, abarcando desde la capacitación en el uso de estos sistemas, hasta el manejo de la comunicación y las intervenciones necesarias que garanticen que las iniciativas se conviertan en parte de las operaciones de la organización.
Administrative management in the collection of property tax in the municipality of Condorcanqui, Peru
Authors: Neira Cruz Rosita Maribel , Delgado Fernández Victoria , Puican Rodriguez Victor Hugo , Vargas Espinoza Jorge Luis , García Escalante Michael Raúl
Published: December 2022

The general objective was to determine how administrative management affects property tax collection in the municipality of Condorcanqui, Peru. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used, with a non-experimental transectional design, of a descriptive-correlational type, the techniques used were the survey and documentary analysis, as instruments were the documentary analysis guide and the questionnaire, which was applied to 92 taxpayers of the municipality of Condorcanqui, Peru.  The results revealed that the administrative management reached 54.3% in the deficient level and on the collection of the property tax it was observed that in the first semester from January to June, of the years 2018 and 2020 present a drop in the collection of 44% and 45% respectively, only in 2019, it reached an increase of 47%. On the other hand, in the second semester from July to December 2017, it is evident that 2019 obtained a drop of 23%, on the other hand, in 2018 had a slight increase of 15% and in 2020 13%, in addition, they achieved a Spearman's Rho of 0.671 and a bilateral sigma of less than 0.05. It is concluded that the impact of administrative management is direct linear moderate with the collection of property tax, thus demonstrating that, if an efficient administrative management is carried out, according to the requirements of the entity then the collection of property tax in the municipality of Condorcanqui, Peru can be significantly increased.
Marketing digital un mix de estrategias y tácticas para conseguir buenos resultados
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Alma Delia , Mina Quiñónez Teresa Isabel , Sánchez Rodríguez Diana Carolina
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es analizar el Marketing digital un mix de estrategias y tácticas para conseguir buenos resultados a través de la revisión sistemática de trabajos de investigación con la finalidad de ampliar el conocimiento inherente a la temática en fuentes electrónica. Para ello se realizó un tipo de investigación cualitativa, el método fue de análisis y el método síntesis; el tipo de investigación es documental; el diseño es bibliográfico. La población fue seleccionada atendiendo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las unidades de estudio estuvieron conformadas por veinte (20) fuentes y la muestra de seis 06. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la observación documental y en cuanto a los instrumentos se empleó el registro de datos y los archivos electrónicos. Para el análisis se empleó la técnica del análisis de contenido, a través de la matriz de análisis. Se concluye que, las aportaciones de los autores señalan que el escenario tecnológico se configura como el medio donde se desarrollan mayormente las actividades empresariales en los tiempos que transcurren, por ello, contar con un plan de marketing bien definido es crucial para ayudar a las empresas a mantenerse e incluso a crecer en los ambientes digitales. Dentro de las estrategias de Marketing Mix se encontraron las relacionadas con la Transmedia, siendo que en la actualidad la tecnología forma parte fundamental en los procesos cotidianos, de la misma manera lo hacen las redes sociales, las cuales han logrado un impacto en las personas.
Desarrollo socioemocional desde la complejidad en los estudiantes adolescentes del Sector de Calderón en la Ciudad de Quito-Ecuador
Authors: Andrade Rivera Guadalupe Esperanza , Landeta Morales Sonia Yolanda , Maldonado Godoy Alex Jesús , Paredes Flores Luis Javier , Aguilar Bazurto Andrea Juliana
Published: December 2022

El presente articulo expone el desarrollo socioemocional desde la complejidad en los estudiantes adolescentes del Sector de Calderón en la Ciudad de Quito, para lo cual se estableció una investigación es de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con una metodología de recolección de la información, que consistió en entrevistas a los diferentes actores; docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia, a una población de 12.500 familias, se tomó una muestra de 2.500 personas. El área de estudio que se ha seleccionado es el sector de Calderón (rural) considerado sector vulnerable, por los altos índices de pobreza que se evidencia. Los resultados muestran con claridad que los jóvenes, en un 23% sienten que pueden expresar con libertad sus sentimientos en el hogar, pero el 68% dice que no. Entonces esta es la base para dar prioridad a aplicar en el sector charlas para el conocimiento y desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales, para que puedan mejorar las relaciones comunicativas en los hogares, poder trabajar con empatía y respeto, así mismo el 45% de docentes elogian el logro de los jóvenes o niños. El 42% casi siempre y el 13% a veces. En este último grupo de docentes, explicaron que no se logra elogiar o reconoce el esfuerzo de los estudiantes, por la gran cantidad de actividades que deben cumplir con el tema de las planificaciones. Se concluye que es importante manifestar que radica en los entornos de desarrollo de los jóvenes, las HSE en también en sus familias, lo que permitirá el desempeño competitivo de los educandos, educando desde la convivencia, respetando las emociones del otro, aceptarse a sí mismos, y por eso es necesario en la actualidad tomar este reto; para mejorar la educación brindando a los docentes las herramientas necesarias y convertirse en un factor que fortalezca el desarrollo de este ámbito tan importante en la vida de todo ser humano.
Manejo del dolor en pacientes adultos mayores no oncológicos en fase paliativa
Authors: Semblantes Quinche Deisy Maribel , Quenorán Almeida Verónica Sofía
Published: December 2022

Introducción: El dolor está asociado a un daño tisular, que incluye comportamientos y emociones que conducen tanto a dependencia física como cognitiva, requiriendo del manejo con y sin fármacos para brindar una mejor atención, reduciendo el sufrimiento de los pacientes y familiares. Objetivo: Determinar el manejo del dolor por parte del personal de enfermería en pacientes adultos mayores no oncológicos en fase paliativa. Métodos: La investigación corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra fue de 80 enfermeras de un Hospital Público. A las cuales se aplicó una encuesta con 12 preguntas cerradas con escala tipo likert, divididas en 5 dimensiones: valoración del dolor, administración de medicación, propósito de la administración de medicación, labor del personal de enfermería y conocimiento. Resultados: El personal de enfermería manifestó que el 71,3% realiza valoración del dolor, 63,8% administra medicación en horarios fijos, 66,3% observa al paciente satisfecho, 67,5% valoran efectos secundarios y el 75% afirma que la morfina se utiliza en el dolor crónico. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones del profesional para el manejo del dolor en pacientes adultos mayores no oncológicos en fase paliativa son favorables, pues la mayoría aplica constantemente los cuidados para disminuir el dolor, sin embargo, requieren ampliar su conocimiento de acuerdo con la medicación administrada.
Reflexiones esenciales: situación pedagógica hospitalaria en el Cantón Esmeraldas
Authors: Núñez Gamboa Jonathan Josué , Morillo Cabrera Natasha Jasmín , Gómez Mendoza María José , Ordoñez Oñate Tanya Estefanía , Abad Saquicela Antonia Michelle
Published: December 2022

El presente articulo aborda una serie de reflexiones esenciales acerca del concepto de pedagogía hospitalaria, su enfoque y énfasis en el juego, sumando algunos comentarios sobre la relevancia del rol educador hospitalario desde la experiencia observada en el Hospital Delfina Torres Viuda de Concha de la ciudad de Esmeraldas. El brindar una atención pedagógica a niños/as hospitalizados les permite no atrasarse en sus estudios, con esto ellos podrán ir a la par con sus años de estudio aprovechando el tiempo y los recursos que se les brinda durante su estadía en el hospital. La investigación está basada en el método de análisis de contenido y el inductivo-deductivo para desarrollar una serie de análisis y reflexiones sobre los tópicos abordados, manifestando que la provincia de Esmeraldas no cuenta con un programa de atención pedagógica hospitalaria, dirigido a los pacientes hospitalizados, el objetivo general fue el de analizar la expectativa de la atención pedagógica hospitalaria en la provincia de Esmeraldas así mismo determinar la situación pedagógica hospitalaria de la provincia de Esmeraldas. Se concluye que la enfermedad no retira la condición de sujeto a estos niños, por lo que presentan el mismo derecho educativo que otros niños y es por ello que la pedagogía hospitalaria busca garantizar el cumplimiento de este.
El profesional de enfermería y el manejo del duelo en pacientes oncológicos en fase terminal
Authors: Soledad Paulina Moreta Criollo , Verónica Sofia Quenorán Almeida
Published: December 2022

Introducción: El manejo del duelo en enfermería implica conseguir un equilibrio efectuando una participación eficaz para ayudar a los pacientes en fase terminal Objetivo: Determinar la importancia del rol del personal de enfermería en el manejo del duelo en pacientes oncológicos en fase terminal. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, fenomenológica. Los participantes de estudio fueron 10 enfermeras, para la recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada previa firma del consentimiento informado. La información fue recolectada mediante reuniones que fueron grabadas y transcritas para su análisis. Resultados: El enfermero tiene un rol fundamental en el manejo del duelo con intervenciones vinculadas al manejo de la sintomatología en la fase final de la vida, comunicación, escucha activa y manejo espiritual. Asimismo, se refleja que el personal de enfermería no adopta técnicas para disminuir el vínculo emocional con sus pacientes. Conclusión: La enfermera es la encargada de asegurar el bienestar y confort, permitiendo brindar una comunicación adecuada que asegure la confianza entre enfermera y paciente, facilitando superar los sentimientos de angustia y generar alivio.
Vivencias del cuidador informal del paciente con discapacidad en la instancia domiciliaria
Authors: Lema Espinel Jessica Paola , López Romo Yolanda Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Los cuidadores informales son un pilar fundamental ya que es el responsable directo de los cuidados a diario de la persona con discapacidad. Sin embargo, estas experiencias vividas son de gran utilidad para conocer el rol que cumple los cuidadores. Objetivo: Analizar las vivencias del cuidador informal del paciente con discapacidad en la instancia domiciliaria. Metodología: el estudio fue de enfoque cualitativa con un diseño fenomenológico, la población fue un grupo de 10 personas para el cual se consideró la saturación de datos. Se utilizó las entrevistas, para posterior su análisis de datos y representar las respuestas de los participantes. Resultados y Discusión: con las entrevistas realizadas se elaboró una categorización los cuales son: inicios del cuidador, rol de un cuidador, cambios vividos al convertirse en un cuidador, estado de salud y emocional del cuidador y recomendaciones a otros cuidadores. Además, se implementó estrategias de mejora para los cuidadores informales, para lo cual se ejecutó en tres etapas como es: identificar la necesidad, establecer los planes y ejecutar dichos planes Conclusión: mediante los resultados obtenidos y la triangulación de los mismos se puede corroborar que el rol del cuidador informal en las actividades diarias se convierte en experiencias sobre cuidados de enfermería, también cumple el rol como como las labores domésticas. Además, se evidenciaron factores positivos y negativos que están presentes en las vivencias diarias de los cuidadores, y se cumplió la implementación creando conciencia en los cuidadores sobre el cuidado de su salud.
Condiciones de trabajo del personal de enfermería en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
Authors: Pruna Guanoluisa Dayana Lisbeth
Published: December 2022

Introducción. Las condiciones de trabajo en la que están expuestos las enfermeras en la unidad de cuidados intensivos se considera como un alto riesgo de esfuerzo hacia cada profesional ya sea física, metal, psicológica, económica dependiendo de las diferentes condiciones, ambiente, entorno en que trabajen intra y extra-laborales, Objetivo. Analizar las diferentes condiciones de trabajo del personal de enfermería en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología. Se planteó un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo, para la recolección de información de la presente investigación se utilizó una encuesta de forma individual a las enfermeras del Hospital General Ambato IESS, y como instrumento se aplicó la evaluación de condiciones de trabajo del personal de enfermería en servicios de alta complejidad, la misma que se aplicó a 50 enfermeras del servicio. Resultado. Se observó que las condiciones de trabajo que presentan el personal de enfermería en UCI son sobrecargadas y con remuneración insuficiente, puesto que eso perjudica principalmente al estado de salud física, mental, emocional y psicológico, provocando a la disminución del personal en el servicio todo ello causando aumento de estrés y sobrecarga de trabajo, y así contraer enfermedades graves a corto o largo plazo. Conclusión. Las condiciones de trabajo del personal de enfermería en UCI Existe un alto porcentaje de estrés, sobrecarga y enfermedades en el personal de enfermería que se encuentra en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, por lo que es de vital importancia que el personal de salud realice su trabajo limitando a su capacidad.
Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores
Authors: Vargas Sunta Ivan Francisco , Moyano Calero Willian
Published: December 2022

Las actividades agrarias acarrean consigo prácticas que requieren no solo de esfuerzo físico, sino de horas de exposición continua a productos químicos que tienen efectos adversos en la salud. Además, en varios casos, el peligro también radica en el desconocimiento para manipular estas sustancias. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es analizar los efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores de Ecuador. La metodología usada para este estudio fue cualitativa y se ejecutó entre mayo y junio de 2022 a 40 agricultores del Cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua. El proceso consistió en aplicar una entrevista semi estructurada que permitió evidenciar que la exposición a plaguicidas sí tiene un impacto significativo en la salud, con signos y síntomas sugestivos de intoxicación, sobre todo a nivel neurológico. Además, el desconocimiento técnico del uso y manejo de plaguicidas es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de dicha sintomatología, así como la falta de equipos de protección personal que agrava el escenario.
La minería ilegal frente a los derechos del medio ambiente en el Ecuador
Authors: Benalcazar Cárdenas Fabricio Antonio , Montaño Hurtado Juan Eliecer
Published: December 2022

El presente estudio tiene como propósito principal analizar el impacto que tiene la trasgresión de los derechos medio ambientales como repercusión de la minería ilegal en el Ecuador. El estudio se enmarco dentro de un diseño metodológico no experimental, del tipo de investigación de campo, con un nivel descriptivo, cuya población estuvo compuesta por 30 personas de la provincia de El Oro, localidad contexto de esta indagación. Se empleó como técnica la encuesta, bajo el instrumento de recolección de datos el cuestionario, a través de la escala de Likert. La información recabada a través de estos instrumentos fue procesada por medio de un análisis cuantitativo, que permitió la presentación de los resultados por medio de tablas de frecuencia, así como su respectiva interpretación. En tal dirección, efectuado el análisis de los datos, junto con la revisión de las fuentes documentales y considerando la metodología establecida se puede concluir que la minería ilegal es un flagelo que hay que combatir con contundencia desde todas las instancias correspondientes en aras de preservar los derechos del medio ambiente contemplados en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador y demás normas jurídicas y en pro de las generaciones futuras.