bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Design of Intelligent Recognition English Translation Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ruan Yuexiang
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, the intercommunication and translation of global languages has become an indispensable condition for friendly communication among human beings around the world. The advancement of computer technology developed the machine translation from academic research to industrial applications. Additionally, a new and popular branch of machine learning is deep learning which has achieved excellent results in research fields such as natural language processing. This paper improved the performance of machine translation based on deep learning network and studied the intelligent recognition of English‐Chinese machine translation models. This research mainly focused on solving out‐of‐vocabulary (OOV) problem of machine translation on unregistered words and rare words. Moreover, it combined stemming technology and data compression algorithm Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) and proposed a different subword‐based word sequence segmentation method. Using this method, the English text is segmented into word sequences composed of subword units, and, at the same time, the Chinese text is segmented into character sequences composed of Chinese characters using unigram. Secondly, the current research also prevented the decoder from experiencing incomplete translation. Furthermore, it adopted a deep‐attention mechanism that can improve the decoder's ability to obtain context information. Inspired by the traditional attention calculation process, this work uses a two‐layer calculation structure in the improved attention to focus on the connection between the context vectors at different moments of the decoder. Based on the neural machine translation model Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT), this paper conducted experimental analysis on the above improved methods on three different scale datasets. Experimental results verified that the improved method can solve OOV problem and improve accuracy of model translation.
Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Edema and Hypertrophic Remodeling through Lymphatic-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Bai Jie , Yin Liangqingqing , Yu Wei-Jia , Zhang Yun-Long , Lin Qiu-Yue , Li Hui-Hua
Published: February 2022

Cardiac lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and integrity play an essential role in maintaining tissue fluid balance. Inhibition of lymphatic lymphangiogenesis is involved in cardiac edema and cardiac remodeling after ischemic injury or pressure overload. However, whether lymphatic vessel integrity is disrupted during angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced cardiac remodeling remains to be investigated. In this study, cardiac remodeling models were established by Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) in VEGFR-3 knockdown (Lyve-1Cre VEGFR-3f/−) and wild-type (VEGFR-3f/f) littermates. Our results indicated that Ang II infusion not only induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis and upregulation of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression in the time-dependent manner but also enhanced proteasome activity, MKP5 and VE-cadherin degradation, p38 MAPK activation, and lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability. Moreover, VEGFR-3 knockdown significantly inhibited cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice, resulting in exacerbation of tissue edema, hypertrophy, fibrosis superoxide production, inflammation, and heart failure (HF). Conversely, administration of epoxomicin (a selective proteasome inhibitor) markedly mitigated Ang II-induced cardiac edema, remodeling, and dysfunction; upregulated MKP5 and VE-cadherin expression; inactivated p38 MAPK; and reduced lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability in WT mice, indicating that inhibition of proteasome activity is required to maintain lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) integrity. Our results show that both cardiac lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic barrier hyperpermeability are implicated in Ang II-induced adaptive hypertrophic remodeling and dysfunction. Proteasome-mediated hyperpermeability of LEC junctions plays a predominant role in the development of cardiac remodeling. Selective stimulation of lymphangiogenesis or inhibition of proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic option for treating hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling.
Early Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Cognitive Functional Levels
Authors: Ren Shengjie , Yuan Fang , Yuan Shu , Zang Chuanbo , Zhang Yanan , Lang Bao
Published: February 2022

Background. Cognitive dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very common in elderly patients. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), as a form of cognitive dysfunction, may affect patients’ short‐ and long‐term recoveries. The identification of meaningful risk factors may help reduce the occurrence of POCD in the future. Objective. Our goal was to retrospectively investigate the risk factors for early POCD in elderly patients undergoing TKA and to further analyze the relationship between the intensity of risk factors and the level of cognitive function. Methods. The related indicators and the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MOCA) scores of 105 elderly patients were collected by searching the electronic case system. According to the postoperative MOCA score, patients were divided into three groups: normal group (group N), mild POCD group (group M), and severe POCD group (group S). SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analyses. Results. At baseline, the preoperative MOCA score was significantly different in patients with POCD (P ≤ 0.001), while other baseline indicators were not significantly different. In terms of changes in hemoglobin levels, statistically significant differences were observed between group M, group S, and group N (P = 0.039). Among inflammatory indicators, only postoperative CRP levels showed a statistically significant difference in patients with POCD (P = 0.041). Postoperative pain was also significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.009). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that a low preoperative MOCA score and severe postoperative pain were independent risk factors for mild and severe cognitive impairment, while a high postoperative CRP level was only an independent risk factor for mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions. Our study found that the level of preoperative cognitive function, postoperative CRP level, and postoperative pain were independent risk factors for POCD. Moreover, the levels of preoperative cognitive function and postoperative pain were more strongly correlated with severe POCD than postoperative CRP levels.
A Case of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis Caused by Ewingella americana
Authors: Abrantes Catarina , Freitas Joana , Silva Tânia , Marques da Silva Luís , Carvalho Maria João , Rodrigues Anabela , Cabrita António
Published: February 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a frequent complication. PD units should be aware of all possible pathogens and share their experience about prevention and optimal management. Uncommon bacteria, a special group with crescent incidence in PD practice, may require singular considerations. A case of peritonitis due to Ewingella americana, a rare human pathogen, is reported, with a favorable outcome. To date, only three other cases have been described in the literature. New evidence is necessary for a better understanding of this pathogen and its consequences in PD modality.
Fault‐Tolerant Resolvability in Some Classes of Subdivision Graphs
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Zahid Zohaib , Alrowaili Dalal , Siddique Imran , Iampan Aiyared
Published: February 2022

The concept of resolving sets (RSs) and metric dimension (MD) invariants have a wide range of applications in robot navigation, computer networks, and chemical structure. RS has been used as a sensor in an indoor positioning system to find an interrupter. Many terminologies in machine learning have also been used to diagnose the interrupter in the systems of marine and gas turbines using sensory data. We proposed a fault‐tolerant self‐stable system that allows for the detection of an interrupter even if one of the sensors in the chain fails. If the elimination of any element from a RS is still a RS, then the RS is considered as a fault‐tolerant resolving set (FTRS), and the fault‐tolerant metric dimension (FTMD) is its minimum cardinality. In this paper, we calculated the FTMD of the subdivision graphs of the necklace and prism graphs. We also found that this invariant has constant values for both graphs.
Intelligent Enhancement Algorithm-Based High Resolution CT Image in Evaluation of Expelling Wind and Relieving Cough and Asthma Prescription on Bronchial Asthma with High Immunoglobulin E Expression
Authors: Shen Peihong , Li Kang , Chen Junfeng
Published: February 2022

The therapeutic effect of expelling wind and relieving cough and asthma prescription on bronchial asthma with high immunoglobulin E (IgE) expression was studied based on high resolution CT (HRCT) images of intelligent enhancement algorithm. 90 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into control group (

n
=
45

) and therapy group (

n
=
45

). The control group was given budesonide inhalation. The therapy group was treated with expelling wind and relieving cough and asthma prescription on the basis of the treatment in the control group. Both groups were given 1 month of treatment time. The scanned images were processed by image enhancement algorithm, and the image quality and distribution separation measurement (DSM) were used as image evaluation indicators. The bronchial wall thickness (WT), inner diameter (L), wall area (WA), and percentage of wall area (WA%) were used as quantitative indicators of airway remodeling. The changes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) score before and after treatment were recorded and analyzed. The changes of serum IgE indicators before and after treatment were recorded. Results: the image quality of HRCT image enhancement algorithm was better, and the DSM was 36.7 larger than that of the control group. It was found that after 1 month of treatment, the TCM symptom score of the therapy group was lower than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and compared with the control group, the IgE level of the therapy group was also reduced. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the WT of segmental bronchial wall in the therapy group decreased, and the WT of left apical bronchus was smaller than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and the WT of subsegmental bronchus decreased significantly (

P
<
0.05

). The

L

of segmental bronchus and subsegmental bronchus in the therapy group was wider (

P
<
0.05

). The WA of segmental bronchus and subsegmental bronchus decreased, but there was no statistical significance (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with the control group, the WA percentage of segmental bronchus and the WA percentage of subsegmental bronchus in the therapy group were significantly lower (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, image enhancement algorithm can improve the HRCT image quality of patients with bronchial asthma, which is helpful to improve the diagnostic efficiency in clinical treatment. Expelling wind and relieving cough and asthma prescription has a better therapeutic effect on bronchial asthma with high IgE expression.
CLO3D-Based 3D Virtual Fitting Technology of Down Jacket and Simulation Research on Dynamic Effect of Cloth
Authors: Huang Shuxian , Huang Li
Published: February 2022

A 3D virtual fitting system for down jackets based on CLO3D is proposed and implemented in this paper. CLO3D system realizes virtual fitting, including three-dimensional body modeling, parametric punching, three-dimensional virtual sewing fitting, fabric texture attribute setting, and dynamic display, which realizes the design and realization of display. The clothing deformation algorithm based on human input posture is used to deform the clothing model, which presents the physical characteristics of virtual clothing more truly. At the same time, the image acquisition equipment is used to obtain the real-life image, and the clothing image transfer algorithm is used to superimpose the virtual clothes and the real-life image. The position of human joints is obtained by feature extraction technology, and the scaling ratio of the virtual clothes is calculated so that the virtual clothes are closely combined with the real-life image. Compared with similar virtual fitting systems in the industry, the information processing process of this system is more intelligent, the interaction is more natural, and the fitting effect is more realistic. We make every effort to make the virtual fitting system reduce the gap between virtual and reality and tend to be more realistic and popular.
Application Values of 2D and 3D Radiomics Models Based on CT Plain Scan in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Li Shiyun , Liu Jiaqi , Xiong Yuanhuan , Han Yongzhi , Pang Peipei , Luo Puying , Fan Bing
Published: February 2022

Background. Accurate identification of ovarian tumors as benign or malignant is highly crucial. Radiomics is a new branch of imaging that has emerged in recent years to replace the traditional naked eye qualitative diagnosis. Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the difference in the application potential of two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) radiomics models based on CT plain scan in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors. Method. A retrospective analysis was performed on 140 patients with ovarian tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital from July 2017 to August 2020. These 140 patients were divided into benign group and malignant group according to the pathological results. The ITK‐SNAP software was used to outline the regions‐of‐interest (ROI) of 2D or 3D tumors on the CT plain scan image of each patient; the texture features were extracted through analysis kit (AK), and the cases were randomly divided into training groups (n = 99) and validation group (n = 41) in a ratio of 7 : 3. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to perform dimensionality reduction, followed by the construction of the radiomics nomogram model using the logistic regression method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate and verify the results of the radiomics nomogram and compare the differences between 2D and 3D diagnostic performance. Results. There were 396 quantitative radiomics feature parameters extracted from 2D group and the 3D group, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics nomogram of the 2D training group and the validation group were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the training set were 92.9%, 88.9%, and 96.3%, respectively, and those of the validation set were 90.2%, 82.6%, and 100.0%, respectively. The AUCs of the radiomics nomogram of the 3D training group and validation group were 0.96% and 0.99%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the training set were 92.9%, 96.3%, and 88.9%, respectively, and those of the validation set were 97.6%, 95.7%, and 100.0%, respectively. DeLong’s test indicated that there was no statistical significance between the two sets (P > 0.05). Conclusions. For the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors, the 2D and 3D radiomics nomogram models exhibited comparable diagnostic performance. Considering that the 2D model was cost‐effective and time‐efficient, it was more recommended to use 2D features in future research.
[Retracted] Prediction Model of Mining Subsidence Parameters Based on Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Cheng Fei , Yang Jun , Zhang Ziwen , Yu Jingliang , Wang Xuelian , Wu Yongdong , Guo Zhengyi , Li Hui , Xu Meng
Published: February 2022

In view of the inaccuracy of rock movement observation data and the inaccuracy of mining subsidence prediction parameters, a prediction model of mining subsidence parameters based on fuzzy clustering is proposed. Through the analysis of the main geological and mineral characteristics of mining subsidence, the geological and mineral characteristics are simplified according to the third similar theorem. The feature equation is obtained by using the equation analysis method and dimension analysis method. The original fuzzy clustering method is improved, and the IWFCM_CCS algorithm based on competitive merger strategy is obtained. The data of rock movement observation are analyzed by fuzzy clustering. The membership matrix and clustering center of observation station data are obtained, and the regression model based on the weight of membership degree is established. The accuracy and feasibility of the parameter prediction model are verified by analyzing and comparing the actual measurement data and the predicted results of the model. The method reduces the error of the predicted parameters caused by the observation data and provides a method for the future calculation of the predicted parameters.
Model Parameter Identification of NC Machine Planar Motor Servo System Based on Adaptive Digital Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Peng Erbao , Wang Hongying , Chen Changduo
Published: February 2022

An adaptive digital sliding mode control position controller was designed for a numerical control (NC) machine planar motor servo system with friction, parameter, and external disturbances. Firstly, the model of the NC machine planar motor servo system is discretised digitally. Secondly, the model parameters are identified using a recursive damping least squares method. Then, an adaptive digital sliding mode position controller is designed according to the state-space equation of the digitally discretised NC machine planar motor system, and the stability of the designed control system is analysed using Lyapunov’s theory. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the designed control method are verified by simulation experiments.
Commensal and Pathogenic Bacterial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Bacterial and Interbacterial Dialogues: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Tarashi Samira , Zamani Mohammad Saber , Omrani Mir Davood , Fateh Abolfazl , Moshiri Arfa , Saedisomeolia Ahmad , Siadat Seyed Davar , Kubow Stan
Published: February 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause effective changes in various domains of life. These bioactive structures are essential to the bidirectional organ communication. Recently, increasing research attention has been paid to EVs derived from commensal and pathogenic bacteria in their potential role to affect human disease risk for cancers and a variety of metabolic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and mental disorders. The present review presents an overview of both the protective and harmful roles of commensal and pathogenic bacteria-derived EVs in host-bacterial and interbacterial interactions. Bacterial EVs could impact upon human health by regulating microbiota–host crosstalk intestinal homeostasis, even in distal organs. The importance of vesicles derived from bacteria has been also evaluated regarding epigenetic modifications and applications. Generally, the evaluation of bacterial EVs is important towards finding efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Knowledge Innovation Mechanism Based on Linkages between Core Knowledge and Periphery Knowledge: The Case of R&D Cooperation between Latecomers and Forerunners
Authors: Li Weibao , Li Xiaoli , Wu Weiwei
Published: February 2022

With rapid changes in technology, knowledge innovation has become more and more complex. Complex partners facilitate knowledge creation and innovation in complex problem‐solving. Relying on R&D cooperation with forerunners, latecomers can acquire new knowledge factors and new ideas and use them to create new knowledge. This study demonstrated the knowledge innovation mechanism based on linkages between periphery knowledge and core knowledge with knowledge map theory and set methodology. A case of R&D cooperation between latecomers and forerunners was introduced to verify this mechanism. The results show that latecomers could share forerunners’ periphery knowledge in R&D cooperation through formal and informal interaction and acquire the core knowledge factors in periphery knowledge based on the linkages between them. With these core knowledge factors, latecomers integrate them into their internal knowledge system and create new knowledge. By analyzing the linkages between periphery and core knowledge factors, this study creatively demonstrates the knowledge innovation mechanism in knowledge linkage perspective. It deepens the understanding of R&D cooperation between latecomers and forerunners and expands the focus of knowledge innovation theory. This study provides a new insight into latecomers effectively activating internal and external knowledge resources through R&D cooperation.
Selfish Node Detection for Effective Data Transmission Using Modified Incentive Sorted Pathway Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ashok Babu P. , Kavisankar L. , Xavier Jasmine , Senthilkumar V. , Kumar Gokul , Kavitha T. , Rajendran A. , Harikrishnan G. , Rajaram A. , Adigo Amsalu Gosu
Published: February 2022

Wireless nodes have time-varying behavior in their nature because the energy usage of each node is not being constant. Packet transmission among cluster nodes gets overloaded when multi-input and multioutput is made; multitask is performed causing more energy usage; also, selfish node could not transfer the data packet to the target node. Selfish nodes need to hide some important data and then only transmit normal data that try to misuse those data, so packet delivery rate is reduced. This normal method does not identify selfish nodes in the routing path. Proposed Incentive Sorted Path Selection Scheme (ISPSS), the progressively stable algorithm, enables the identification of such selfish nodes. The results confirm the enhancement in the lifetime of the network, the energy efficiency, and the delivery rates of the packets with reduced end-to-end delay.
Lane‐Changing Trajectory Prediction Modeling Using Neural Networks
Authors: Hamedi Hamidreza , Shad Rouzbeh
Published: February 2022

Concerning autonomous driving, lane‐changing (LC) is essential, particularly within complicated dynamic settings. It is a challenging task to model LC since driving behavior is complicated and uncertain. The present study adopts a dual‐layer feed‐forward backpropagation neural network involving sigmoid hidden neurons and linear output neurons for evaluating intrinsic LC complexity. Furthermore, the estimation and validation of the model were performed by large‐scale trajectory data. Empirical LC data were obtained from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project for training and testing the neural network‐based LC model. The findings revealed that the introduced model could make precise LC predictions of vehicles under small trajectory errors and satisfactory accuracy. The present work assessed LC beginning/endpoints and velocity estimates by analyzing the vehicles around. It was observed that the neural network model yielded almost the same predictions as the observational LC trajectories as well as following vehicle trajectories on the original and target lanes. Furthermore, for LC behavior characteristic validation, the neural network‐produced LC gap distributions underwent comparisons to real‐life data, demonstrating the characteristics of LC gap distributions not to differ from the real‐life LC behavior substantially. Eventually, the introduced neural network‐based LC model was compared to a support vector regression‐based LC model. It was found that the trajectory predictions of both models were adequately consistent with the observational data and could capture both lateral and longitudinal vehicle movements. In turn, this demonstrates that the neural network and support vector regression models had satisfactory performance. Also, the proposed models were evaluated using new inputs such as speed, gap, and position of the subject vehicle. The analysis findings indicated that the performance of the proposed NN and SVR models was higher than the model with new inputs.
Akute respiratorische Infektionen im Kindesalter: Nutzenbewertung von Leukozytenzahl, CRP und PCT
Authors: Jorczyk Maximilian
Published: February 2022

Background: There is a lack of studies comparing PCT, CRP and WBC levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections. It is necessary to explore the correlation between above markers and different types of ARTI. Methods: 108 children with confirmed bacterial infection were regarded as group A, 116 children with virus infection were regarded as group B, and 122 children with mycoplasmal infection were regarded as group C. The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC of the three groups were detected and compared. Results: The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (p < 0.05). The positive rate of combined detection of PCT, CRP and WBC was significant higher than that of single detection. There was no significant difference in PCT, CRP and WBC levels between the group of G+ bacterial infection and G- bacterial infection (p > 0.05). ROC curve results showed that the AUC of PCT, CRP and WBC for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory infections were 0.65, 0.55, and 0.58, respectively. Conclusions: PCT, CRP and WBC can be combined as effective indicators for the identification of acute bacterial or no-bacterial infections in children. The levels of PCT and CRP have higher differential diagnostic value than that of WBC in infection, and the combined examination of the three is more valuable in clinic.
СТРУКТУРА ТА ЗМІСТ АНГЛОМОВНОЇ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ДОКТОРІВ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ГАЛУЗІ «ОХОРОНА ЗДОРОВʼЯ»
Authors: Лимар Л. В.
Published: February 2022

Освітньо-наукова програма навчання майбутніх докторів філософії спеціальності «Охорона здоровʼя» передбачає формування англомовної професійної комунікативної та академічної компетентності протягом навчання. Автором визначено англомовну професійну комунікативну та академічну компетентність як сукупність знань, умінь та навичок застосування загальної, медичної та академічної англійської мови при взаємодії в медичному та академічному середовищі, з метою досягнення комунікантом поставлених професійних та наукових цілей. Аналіз наявних структур та особистий досвід автора привели до формулювання структури англомовної академічної медичної комунікативної компетентності, в межах якої було визначено три підтипи компетентності: мовну (загальномовна компетентність), соціокультурну (академічна) та професійну (медична мовна). Кожний із підкомпонентів має три частини: когнітивну (знання компонента та способи його вивчення, представлене терміном знання), практичну (практичне застосування, представлене терміном уміння та навички) та індивідуальну (що являє індивідуальні особливості особи, які впливають на презентацію компонента). Визначено, що високий рівень розвитку англомовної академічної медичної комунікативної компетентності характеризується: високим рівнем (С1) сформованих знань, умінь і навичок застосування загальної, академічної та медичної англійської мови при фаховій та академічній комунікації, ефективній взаємодії комуніканта, обранням правильних стратегій комунікації, відповідно до існуючих етичних та біоетичних стандартів медичної та наукової взаємодії, позитивною комунікативною настановою, сформованою «Я-концепцією» себе як науковця і медика, здатністю до продуктивної взаємодії. Сформованість даної структури є метою вивчення майбутніми докторами філософії медичних спеціальностей курсу «Англійська мова академічного  та медичного спрямування».
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АДАПТАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕРШОГО КУРСУ В УМОВАХ ЗМІШАНОЇ ФОРМИ НАВЧАННЯ В ПЕРІОД КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ
Authors: Іванченко О. З. , Мельнікова О. З. , Мікаєлян Г. Р.
Published: February 2022

Представлена робота містить результати дослідження актуальної педагогічної проблеми сьогодення, яка полягає в суттєвих змінах умов, у яких здійснюється адаптація до навчання студентів-першокурсників у закладах вищої освіти (ЗВО). В умовах карантинних обмежень відбувався перехід на змішану його форму, коли заняття проводяться дистанційно за тим самим розкладом, який був створений на початку року для аудиторної роботи, з повною візуалізацією навчального процесу. Метою дослідження було виявлення особливостей перебігу адаптації студентів першого курсу медичного факультету та визначення організаційних засобів, які могли б сприяти більш успішній адаптації першокурсників. В добровільному анкетуванні взяли участь 64 студенти медичного факультету віком від 17 до 20 років. Питання анкети були сформульовані авторами статті самостійно на основі наукової літератури, присвяченої проблемам адаптації студентів. Показано, що більш ніж 80 % студентів були дуже зацікавлені майбутньою професією, і тільки 65,1 % опитаних оцінили відношення до неї як «дуже подобається» після нетривалого навчання. Рівень задоволеності результатами навчання у студентів виявився невисоким – лише 30 % з них були повністю задоволеними. Серед причин, які впливають на результати навчання і заважають адаптації, 52,4 % опитаних першокурсників назвали напругу і втому від занять, 60 % – опанування нових його форм, а 26 % студентів – пристосування до вимог викладачів. Виявилось, що соціально-біологічні аспекти адаптації в умовах дистанційного навчання мали полегшені прояви – тільки 15 % першокурсників відмітили труднощі раціонального планування свого часу, тоді як 73,3 % опитаних молодих людей проблем із цим не мали, залишаючись вдома із батьками. При визначенні стану психологічної адаптації виявилось, що майже кожен другий з опитаних першокурсників відчував підвищену тривожність, внутрішню напругу, невпевненість у своїх силах, мав порушення сну. Студенти відзначили, що організація змішаної форми навчання з повною його візуалізацією їх дисциплінує, мотивує на найкращу роботу і відповідальне ставлення, проте тільки 43,2 % учасників анкетування визнали, що вони беруть активну участь у спілкуванні он-лайн, тоді як інші – на вимогу викладачів. Враховуючи вищевикладене, можна зробити висновок, що при змішаній формі навчання дидактичні, психологічні і професійні складові загальної адаптації студентів потребують особливої уваги з боку організаторів навчального процесу.
КОНТРОЛЬ ВХІДНОГО РІВНЯ ЗНАНЬ ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ НА КАФЕДРІ
Authors: Вадзюк С. Н. , Наконечна С. С. , Папінко І. Я.
Published: February 2022

Контроль знань студентів є важливою частиною процесу навчання як засіб управління навчальним процесом. Вхідний контроль проводиться перед вивченням нового предмета з метою виявлення залишкових знань студентів за дисциплінами, які забезпечують вивчення нового курсу. У статті проаналізовано результати тестування вхідного рівня знань здобувачів вищої медичної освіти для оцінки теоретичної підготовки студентів 2 курсу з подальшим застосуванням як передумови успішної організації вивчення дисципліни. Співробітники кафедри розробили пакети тестових завдань; кожен білет містив 8 запитань, що відповідають основним розділам шкільного курсу біології, а також дисципліни «Фізіологія» (система крові, кровообігу, травлення і виділення, дихання, нервова і гуморальна регуляція функцій організму та сенсорні системи). Аналізуючи отримані результати тестування, було встановлено, що показник успішності (кількість правильних відповідей) у 2021 р. є нижчим порівняно з 2019 р. Зниження загального показника може бути зумовлено запровадженням дистанційної форми освіти у 2020 р. у зв’язку з поширенням пандемії COVID-19. На основі одержаних результатів колективом кафедри розроблені заходи та прий­няті відповідні рішення з метою врахування виявлених особливостей, а також подальшого відстеження результатів навчання здобувачів у процесі вивчення дисципліни.
SYSTEM OF ADVANCED TRAINING FOR MEDICAL SCHOOLS TEACHERS’ IN THE USA
Authors: Khvalyboha T. I.
Published: February 2022

It has been established that advanced training of medical school teachers in the USA has two directions: the deepening of pedagogical competence and clinical and medical competence. An overview of the historical development of the teachers’ advanced training system has been made. The emphasis is placed on the role of globalization processes in the organization of advanced training. It has been established that in the USA in the field of advanced training, the emphasis is placed on consultations and strengthening of collegiality, as opposed to many other countries where advanced training is aimed at developing strategic approaches to improving teaching and learning at institutional level.
The following conclusions have been made the development of the system of professional development of teaching staff in the USA is regulated by the activities of the US Department of Education for the organization of an effective system of university teachers’ advanced training; the reform of the American system of professional education and the improvement of the legal and regulatory framework of the system of advanced training resulted from the changing of socio-economic paradigm in society; the experience of the advanced training abroad became a necessary driving force for the implementation of an optimal system in the United States.
It has been established that professional associations and organizations engage in the professional development of teachers at the national level. In addition to special institutions and agencies, most medical schools in the United States have separate divisions responsible for conducting advanced training courses for the faculty. These divisions include independent departments (for example, the Academy of Medical Teachers) or units of academic or other departments. The activities of the medical educators’ advanced training programs in the USA are carried out in the following areas: application of technologies in education, academic leadership, development of professional communication, development of the innovative evaluation techniques, conflict management, work in a multicultural environment, etc.
Arquiteturas do corpo e intervenção urbana: notas sobre a contribuição de Marcelo Denny
Authors: Bulhões Marcos , Cardoso Arianne , Pinzan Carolina , Martins Christiane , Dal Col Francisco , Martins Igor , Coura Letícia , Prudente Marcelo , Auip Marie , Rebouças Renato , Navarro Renato , Severo Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

Homenagem para Marcelo Denny
Ankle- and Toe-Brachial Index for Peripheral Artery Disease Identification: Unlocking Clinical Data Through Novel Methods
Authors: Friberg Julia E. , Qazi Abdul H. , Boyle Brenden , Franciscus Carrie , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary , Westerman Dax , Patterson Olga V. , Parr Sharidan K. , Matheny Michael E. , Arya Shipra , Smolderen Kim G. , Lund Brian C. , Gobbel Glenn T. , Girotra Saket
Published: February 2022

Background:

Despite its high prevalence and clinical impact, research on peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains limited due to poor accuracy of billing codes. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index can be used to identify PAD patients with high accuracy within electronic health records.

Methods:

We developed a novel natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for extracting ABI and toe-brachial index values and laterality (right or left) from ABI reports. A random sample of 800 reports from 94 Veterans Affairs facilities during 2015 to 2017 was selected and annotated by clinical experts. We trained the NLP system using random forest models and optimized it through sequential iterations of 10-fold cross-validation and error analysis on 600 test reports and evaluated its final performance on a separate set of 200 reports. We also assessed the accuracy of NLP-extracted ABI and toe-brachial index values for identifying patients with PAD in a separate cohort undergoing ABI testing.

Results:

The NLP system had an overall precision (positive predictive value) of 0.85, recall (sensitivity) of 0.93, and F1 measure (accuracy) of 0.89 to correctly identify ABI/toe-brachial index values and laterality. Among 261 patients with ABI testing (49% PAD), the NLP system achieved a positive predictive value of 92.3%, sensitivity of 83.1%, and specificity of 93.1% to identify PAD when compared with a structured chart review. The above findings were consistent in a range of sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions:

We successfully developed and validated an NLP system for identifying patients with PAD within the Veterans Affairs electronic health record. Our findings have broad implications for PAD research and quality improvement.
Intima Media Thickness and Cognitive Function Among Adults: Meta‐Analysis of Observational and Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Bruno Rosa Maria , Saz‐Lara Alicia , Sequí‐Dominguez Irene , Notario‐Pacheco Blanca , Martinez‐Vizcaino Vicente
Published: February 2022

Background

Carotid structural changes measured by intima media thickness (IMT) have been related to cognitive complaints during aging. Therefore, the aims of this meta‐analysis were (1) to elucidate the relationship between vascular status, measured as IMT, and cognitive domains distinguishing between global cognition, executive functions, memory and attention; and (2) to explore whether demographic (ie, age and sex), clinical (ie, body mass index and IMT baseline values), and procedure characteristics influence this association.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 2021. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: (1) the participants were adults; (2) the exposure was carotid IMT; (3) the outcome was cognitive function, including global cognition, executive function, memory, and attention measured using standardized tests; and (4) the study design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal including unadjusted and adjusted analyses. A total of 19 cross‐sectional and 15 longitudinal studies were included and demographic (age and sex), clinical (body mass index and baseline IMT values), and procedure characteristics were analyzed as potential mediator or moderators of the association.

Conclusions

Our data support negative associations between IMT and cognitive function in cross‐sectional studies. The association between IMT and cognition lost significance in longitudinal studies and when controlling for covariates in cross‐sectional studies. Finally, the strength of these associations seems not to be modified by age, sex, body mass index, and baseline IMT values. This systematic review and meta‐analysis adds to the evidence supporting the use of IMT as a measure for identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.
Myocardial Cytoskeletal Adaptations in Advanced Kidney Disease
Authors: Halim Arvin , Narayanan Gayatri , Hato Takashi , Ho Lilun , Wan Douglas , Siedlecki Andrew M. , Rhee Eugene P. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Nigwekar Sagar U. , Zehnder Daniel , Hiemstra Thomas F. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Charytan David M. , Kalim Sahir , Thadhani Ravi , Lu Tzongshi , Lim Kenneth
Published: February 2022

Background

The myocardial cytoskeleton functions as the fundamental framework critical for organelle function, bioenergetics and myocardial remodeling. To date, impairment of the myocardial cytoskeleton occurring in the failing heart in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease has been largely undescribed.

Methods and Results

We conducted a 3‐arm cross‐sectional cohort study of explanted human heart tissues from patients who are dependent on hemodialysis (n=19), hypertension (n=10) with preserved renal function, and healthy controls (n=21). Left ventricular tissues were subjected to pathologic examination and next‐generation RNA sequencing. Mechanistic and interference RNA studies utilizing in vitro human cardiac fibroblast models were performed. Left ventricular tissues from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited increased myocardial wall thickness and significantly greater fibrosis compared with hypertension patients (
P
<0.05) and control (
P
<0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the focal adhesion pathway was significantly enriched in hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hearts from patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited dysregulated components of the focal adhesion pathway including reduced β‐actin (
P
<0.01), β‐tubulin (
P
<0.01), vimentin (
P
<0.05), and increased expression of vinculin (
P
<0.05) compared with controls. Cytoskeletal adaptations in hearts from the hemodialysis group were associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, including dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and fusion, and loss of cell survival pathways. Mechanistic studies revealed that cytoskeletal changes can be driven by uremic and metabolic abnormalities of chronic kidney disease, in vitro. Furthermore, focal adhesion kinase silencing via interference RNA suppressed major cytoskeletal proteins synergistically with mineral stressors found in chronic kidney disease in vitro.

Conclusions

Myocardial failure in advanced chronic kidney disease is characterized by impairment of the cytoskeleton involving disruption of the focal adhesion pathway, mitochondrial failure, and loss of cell survival pathways.
Role of Intravascular Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Optimizing Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Yongcheol , Bae SungA , Johnson Thomas W. , Son Nak‐Hoon , Sim Doo Sun , Hong Young Joon , Kim Sang Wook , Cho Deok‐Kyu , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo , Jeong Myung Ho , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Young Jo , Kim Chong Jin , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Seung Ki Bae , Oh Dong Joo , Chae Shung Chull , Cha Kwang Soo , Yoon Junghan , Chae Jei‐Keon , Joo Seung Jae , Choi Dong‐Ju , Hur Seung‐Ho , Seong Whan , Kim Doo II , Oh Seok Kyu , Ahn Tae Hoon , Hwang Jin‐Yong
Published: February 2022

Background

The role of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still unclear in patients with acute myocardial infarction acute myocardial infarction. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term impact of IVUS‐guided PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Among a total of 13 104 patients with acute myocardial infarction, enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry‐National Institutes of Health, we selected patients who underwent PCI with second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation. The primary outcome was the risk of target lesion failure at 3 years. Among the study population, 1887 patients (21.0%) underwent IVUS‐guidance, and 7120 patients (79.0%) underwent angiography‐guidance for second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation. IVUS‐guided PCI was associated with a significantly lower risk of target lesion failure at 3 years (4.8% versus 8.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.73;
P
<0.001) compared with angiography‐guided PCI. The difference was driven mainly by a lower risk of cardiac death and target vessel myocardial infarction. The results were consistent after confounder adjustment by multiple sensitivity analyses. Moreover, quartile analysis of volume of IVUS use showed that higher IVUS use was associated with a decreased risk of 3‐year target lesion failure (adjusted HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.75;
P
<0.001 for quartile 1 versus 4;
P
<0.001 for trend comparison across all quartiles).

Conclusions

In patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent PCI with second‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation, the use of IVUS guidance was associated with a significant reduction in 3‐year target lesion failure, mainly driven by hard end points, such as cardiac death and target vessel myocardial infarction.
Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Exploring the Genotype‐Phenotype Association
Authors: Nguyen Minh B. , Mital Seema , Mertens Luc , Jeewa Aamir , Friedberg Mark K. , Aguet Julien , Adler Arnon , Lam Christopher Z. , Dragulescu Andreea , Rakowski Harry , Villemain Olivier
Published: February 2022

Pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in children and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Yet, the association between genotype variation, phenotype expression, and adverse events in pediatric HCM has not been fully elucidated. Although the literature on this topic is evolving in adult HCM, the evidence in children is lacking. Solidifying our understanding of this relationship could improve risk stratification as well as improve our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiological characteristics of pediatric HCM. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we examine the current literature on genetic variations in HCM and their association with outcomes in children, discuss the current approaches to identifying cardiovascular phenotypes in pediatric HCM, and explore possible avenues that could improve sudden cardiac death risk assessment.
On the Construction of Pareto-Compliant Combined Indicators
Authors: Falcón-Cardona J. G. , Emmerich M. T. M. , Coello C. A. Coello
Published: February 2022

The most relevant property that a quality indicator (QI) is expected to have is Pareto compliance, which means that every time an approximation set strictly dominates another in a Pareto sense, the indicator must reflect this. The hypervolume indicator and its variants are the only unary QIs known to be Pareto-compliant but there are many commonly used weakly Pareto-compliant indicators such as R2, IGD+, and ε+. Currently, an open research area is related to finding new Pareto-compliant indicators whose preferences are different from those of the hypervolume indicator. In this article, we propose a theoretical basis to combine existing weakly Pareto-compliant indicators with at least one being Pareto-compliant, such that the resulting combined indicator is Pareto-compliant as well. Most importantly, we show that the combination of Pareto-compliant QIs with weakly Pareto-compliant indicators leads to indicators that inherit properties of the weakly compliant indicators in terms of optimal point distributions. The consequences of these new combined indicators are threefold: (1) to increase the variety of available Pareto-compliant QIs by correcting weakly Pareto-compliant indicators, (2) to introduce a general framework for the combination of QIs, and (3) to generate new selection mechanisms for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms where it is possible to achieve/adjust desired distributions on the Pareto front.
The Extreme Wish in Greek Literature
Authors: Gregory Justina
Published: February 2022

In a topos found in a range of Greek texts spanning the archaic period to the sixth century AD, a speaker links the attainment of a cherished goal to a declared desire for death. This sequence of ideas is often dismissed as formulaic or rhetorical; I argue that the topos is more varied and meaningful than such characterizations suggest. Its rationale, grounded in the archaic concept of alternation of fortune, is spelled out for a modern audience in Solon’s speech to Croesus at the opening of Herodotus’ Histories.
Equality as a Theological Principle within Roman Catholic Ecclesiology
Authors: O’Loughlin Thomas
Published: February 2022

As the Roman Catholic Church aspires ‘to embrace a synodal way’, some old questions about its ecclesial vision return. One such question is the equality of all the baptised within the church. This question is particularly fraught because of the church’s long history of viewing the itself as a society of unequals, its hierarchical structures, and its culture of top-down authority modelled on pre-modern monarchical conceptions of society. This paper argues that not only must the church face the implications of accepting the equality of the baptised as a basis of its praxis, but also that it should embrace that equality as part of its witness and service to the world. Thus, it must not simply take equality to heart and express it in its rituals, but must create a ‘theology of human equality’ which then becomes part of its preaching.