bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Gender-Specific Discourse about Online Learning during COVID-19 on Twitter using Sentiment Analysis, Subjectivity Analysis, and Toxicity Analysis
Authors: Thakur Nirmalya , Cui Shuqi , Khanna Karam , Knieling Victoria , Duggal Yuvraj Nihal , Shao Mingchen
Published: October 2023

The work presented in this paper presents several novel findings from a comprehensive analysis of about 50,000 Tweets about online learning during COVID-19, posted on Twitter between November 9, 2021, and July 13, 2022. First, the results of sentiment analysis from VADER, Afinn, and TextBlob show that a higher percentage of these tweets were positive. The results of gender-specific sentiment analysis indicate that for positive tweets, negative tweets, and neutral tweets, between males and females, males posted a higher percentage of the tweets. Second, the results from subjectivity analysis show that the percentage of least opinionated, neutral opinionated, and highly opinionated tweets were 56.568%, 30.898%, and 12.534%, respectively. The gender-specific results for subjectivity analysis indicate that for each subjectivity class, males posted a higher percentage of tweets as compared to females. Third, toxicity detection was performed on the tweets to detect different categories of toxic content - toxicity, obscene, identity attack, insult, threat, and sexually explicit. The gender-specific analysis of the percentage of tweets posted by each gender in each of these categories revealed several novel insights. For instance, for the sexually explicit category, females posted a higher percentage of tweets as compared to males. Fourth, gender-specific tweeting patterns for each of these categories of toxic content were analyzed to understand the trends of the same. The results unraveled multiple paradigms of tweeting behavior, for instance, the intensity of obscene content in tweets about online learning by males and females has decreased since May 2022. Fifth, the average activity of males and females per month was calculated. The findings indicate that the average activity of females has been higher in all months as compared to males other than March 2022. Finally, country-specific tweeting patterns of males and females were also performed which presented multiple novel insights, for instance, in India a higher percentage of the tweets about online learning during COVID-19 were posted by males as compared to females.
Quantitative Electroencephalography Markers for Accurate Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Spectral Power Ratio Approach
Authors: Chang Jinwon , Chang Chul
Published: October 2023

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of presenile dementia; however, its diagnosis has been poorly investigated. Previous attempts to diagnose FTD using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) have yielded inconsistent results in both spectral and functional connectivity analyses. This study aimed to introduce an accurate qEEG marker that could be used to diagnose FTD and other neurological abnormalities. We used open-access electroencephalography data from OpenNeuro to investigate the power ratio between the frontal and temporal lobes in the resting state of 23 patients with FTD and 29 healthy controls. Spectral data were extracted using a Fast Fourier Transform in the delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13–32 Hz), and gamma (32–45 Hz) bands. We found that the spectral power ratio between the frontal and temporal lobes is a promising qEEG marker of FTD. Frontal/temporal (F/T) theta/alpha, alpha/theta, al-pha/gamma, and gamma/alpha showed a consistently high discrimination score for the diagnosis of FTD for different parameters and referencing methods. The study findings can serve as reference for future research focused on diagnosing FTD and other neurological anomalies.
The Global Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to Dietary Risks: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Forray Alina Ioana , Coman Mădălina Adina , Simonescu-Colan Ruxandra , Mazga Andreea Isabela , Cherecheș Răzvan Mircea , Borzan Cristina Maria
Published: October 2023

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 reveals an increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from 1990 to 2019. This study delves into the role of dietary risk factors across different demographic and socioeconomic groups. Utilizing data from the GBD 2019, it analyzes age-adjusted T2DM metrics—death counts, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and Age-Standardized Rates (ASR)—stratified by age, sex, and region. The study employed Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) to track trends over time. Results show that in 2019, 26.07% of T2DM mortality and 27.08% of T2DM DALYs were attributable to poor diets, particularly those low in fruits and high in red and processed meats. Geographic variations in T2DM trends were significant, with regions like Southern Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia experiencing the most substantial increases in Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) and Age-Standardized DALY Rate (ASDR). A positive correlation was noted between Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and T2DM burden due to dietary risk factors. The study concludes that targeted public health initiatives promoting dietary changes could substantially reduce the global T2DM burden.
Ameliorating Spring Wheat Productivity in Drought Conditions: Identification of Correlations of Rht (-b1a, -b1b, d1a, d1b) Semi-dwarfism Genes and Coarse-Grained TaGW8-b1a, TaGS 5–3a
Authors: Zotova Lyudmila , Aibek Zhumalin , Gajimuradova Aissarat , Zargar Meisam , Serikbay Dauren , Chen Liang , Savin Timur , Rysbekova Aiman , Zhao Zhangchen
Published: October 2023

Wheat yield plays an important role in the global economy. Changing climate conditions and increased drought negatively affect grain yield. Currently, breeding programs are aimed at improving wheat productivity. To accelerate the selection process of hybrids and parental forms for crosses, it is essential to pay attention to plants' phenotypic and genetic potential. We studied the genes of the "green revolution" group Rht and coarse-grained TaGW and TaGS to increase yields by selecting optimal parameters for wheat. We focused on short-stemmed and coarse-grained characteristics in a dry climate and conducted a correlation analysis between the genetic potential of wheat varieties and hybrids and their phenotypic manifestation in drought conditions. Rht-D1b significantly reduced the height of plants by 51.67% and reduced the coleoptile length by 30.45%. At the same time, TaGW8-B1a increased the grain width by 13.37%. However, in the presence of Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b in the genome, the 1000-kernal weight was 35.06 g (p<0.05), the Rht-B1b gene enhanced it by 9% (p<0.05), while both Rht-D1a and Rht-B1a alleles gave a 1000-kernal weight of 37.96 g (p<0.05). The Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b alleles gave 18.5 seeds per ear, while the Rht-D1a and Rht-B1a alleles gave the value of grains per ear -24.1 pcs. The data obtained indicated the relationship of phenotypic and genetic parameters in wheat between the coarse-grained and short-stemmed genes, which makes it possible to select based on the genetic parameters of varieties and hybrids, thereby speeding up the selection process.
Damage by Cafeteria (CAF) Diet on Hepatic Antioxidant System and the Damage Preventive Capacity of SCD Probiotics in Juvenile Wistar Rats
Authors: Aba Nurdan , Koçpınar Enver Fehim , Ceylani Taha
Published: October 2023

Excess weight, which is seen as the background cause of most diseases, is gradually becoming the most important problem in the world. The cafeteria diet is robust diet that mimics the western diet and provides rapid weight gain associated with the obesity, diabetes, and cancer. The relationship between obesity and cancer is well known. For this reason, it is of great importance to reveal the first molecular and metabolic alterations that occur before entering the obesity process with any factor to understand the pathology of many diseases and to treat them in the early period. The beneficial effects of probiotics are attributed to their metabolite content with antioxidant properties or the postbiotic metabolites produced by them. In this study, the effects of different dietary practices on the hepatic antioxidant system of rats in developmental period were investigated by real-time PCR, enzyme activity measurements, and quantitative measurements of metabolites. After all, it was observed that CAF caused serious impairments by affecting the hepatic antioxidant system at gene and protein levels, and these impairments were relatively reversed with SCD Probiotics supplementation. In addition, regardless of the CAF diet, the regulatory effect of SCD Probiotics supplementation on the hepatic antioxidant system is remarkable.
System characteristics and matrix tools for evaluating innovative business models of youth tourism
Authors:   Karaganda Buketov University, Mamrayeva Dinara , Tashenova Larissa ,   Karaganda Buketov University, Ayaganova Meiramgul ,   Karaganda Buketov University
Published: October 2023

This scientific article is devoted to the issues of identifying innovative business models of youth tourism based on two scientific approaches: functional-innovative (customized business model, virtual tourism platform, franchising business model) and holistic (shared tourism platforms, outdoor co-working tourism, organization of youth hostels, mobile karaoke bars and pub for youth, developing tourism programs (including package tours) for social networks, couchsurfing tours for youth, personalized tourism offers for young people, the organization of «combo tours» (combination of several types of tourism), crowdsourcing tourism, organization of tours in the format of «digital nomads», organization of tree tours, transformational tourism, digital tourism, organization of tours with ATVs, mopeds and bicycles). Furthermore, the study was able to identify conceptual business models that describe the specific characteristics and components of the different types of youth tourism: close interaction between tour operator, travel agency and end consumer based on the use of digital solutions; partial involvement of tour operators and travel agencies in the design of the tourist offer or without; involvement of third parties not directly connected with the tourism market; the presence of a large number of intermediaries; pronounced customization of services; participation of the main players in the tourist market of service organizations through intermediaries; organization of trips without physical departure using digital tools; close interaction of individuals in the process of organizing trips based on digital platforms. In the work, a scientometric and content analysis of search queries was conducted to identify important research areas within the framework of the scientific problems considered by the authors (the total amount of information used for the study was 4309 scientific documents; at the same time, the number of search queries processed in Google Trends was 4 units with an average observation period of 5 years); in addition, the distinguishing features of classic and innovative business models, including those related to the tourism business, were identified, a matrix for the correspondence of conceptual and specific business models of youth tourism was created, as well as their distribution according to three selected criteria: the level of formation of tourist interest and personalization, the degree of involvement of the tourist in the process of providing tourist services. It is also important to note that based on the results of the study, a conceptual scheme for the correlation of organizational functions and the formation of structural units and organizational links within a tourism company in the selection of the optimal innovative business model for youth tourism was developed.
Economic efficiency in grant funding evaluations: streamlining knowledge-intensive applications in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Altynsarin National Academy of Education, Zhumashov Yerkebulan , Azambayev Serik ,   Altynsarin National Academy of Education, Bisenbaev Adilbek ,   Altynsarin National Academy of Education, Yessenzharov Assyl ,   National Center for Advanced Training «Orleu», Bulatbayeva Kulzhanat ,   Altynsarin National Academy of Education
Published: October 2023

The study proposes an evolution of the grant evaluation system from a dual focus on «form and content» to a «content-centric» model to enhance the efficacy and quality of scientific research. This novel approach, intended for incorporation into Kazakhstan’s grant framework, involves a two-tiered examination process – an initial assessment by the National Center for State Scientific and Technical Expertise (NCSTE) followed by a secondary review by the National Scientific Councils (NSC). The rationale behind this shift away from an overemphasis on quantitative and qualitative project details towards a qualitative, semantic, conceptual, and methodological representation is rooted in the constraints of NCSTE/NSC resources and other pertinent factors. We have adopted and tailored the Technology Readiness Level (TRL), Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL), and Capability Readiness Level (CRL) scaling methodologies for R&D and RNTD activities by devising a novel Scientific Readiness Levels (SRL) methodology. This has resulted in the compilation of SRL scales for fundamental (FRL), applied (ARL), and innovative projects (IRL), bringing economic efficiency to the grant funding evaluation process.
MENGEMBANGKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SMP PATTIMURA
Authors: Marta Nur Aeni , Djunaidi  , Martini Sri
Published: October 2023

Teachers are guided by the curriculum in carrying out their duties in the field of education. In Indonesia, the current curriculum is the Merdeka curriculum. However, there is no standard format in the independent curriculum. This of course challenges teachers who are still experiencing the transition process from the K-13 curriculum to the Merdeka curriculum, especially Pattimura Jagakarsa Junior High School. For this reason, teachers need to improve their competence so that they can adapt to the dynamics of the world of education. The purpose of this service activity is to improve teacher competence so that learning activities can run effectively. This competency improvement was carried out through a two-day workshop with speakers from UNJ academics. The methods used are lectures, self-study, discussions, simulations, and questions and answers. The result is that 45% of teachers understand the planning and implementation of learning in the Merdeka curriculum, 32% of teachers understand enough, 23% of teachers still really need assistance. The trainees (teachers) are also able to make creative, interesting and innovative electronic modules. This indicates that the competence of the teachers has increased and they are ready to implement the Free Learning curriculum at  Pattimura High School Jagakarsa.

 

Abstrak

Guru berpedoman pada kurikulum dalam menjalankan tugasnya di bidang pendidikan. Di Indonesia, kurikulum yang berlaku saat ini adalah kurikulum Merdeka. Namun, tidak ada format yang baku pada kurikulum merdeka. Hal ini tentu menyulitkan para guru yang masih mengalami proses transisi dari kurikulum K-13 ke kurikulum Merdeka, khususnya Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Pattimura Jagakarsa. Untuk itu, guru perlu meningkatkan kompetensinya agar dapat beradaptasi dengan dinamika dunia pendidikan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran dapat berjalan secara efektif. Peningkatan kompetensi ini dilakukan dengan workshop yang dilaksanakan selama dua hari dengan narasumber dari akademisi UNJ. Metode yang dilakukan  adalah lecturing, independent self study, diskusi, simulasi, dan Q&A. Hasilnya 45% guru telah memahami perencanaan dan implementasi pembelajaran pada kurikulum Merdeka, 32% guru cukup memahami, 23% guru masih sangat butuh pendampingan. Para guru sekaligus peserta pelatihan juga mampu membuat modul elektronik yang kreatif, menarik, dan inovatif.  Hal tersebut menandakan kompetensi para guru meningkat dan siap menerapkan kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di SMP Pattimura Jagakarsa.
TRABAJADORES CON RESTRICCIONES MÉDICAS Y SU PERCEPCIÓN DEL TIEMPO LIBRE
Authors:   Universidad del Valle, Galarza Iglesias Ana M. , Zapata Albán María P. , Rojas Fajardo Aida J.
Published: October 2023

Objective: To explore the perception of the use of free time by a group of workers with medical restrictions. Methodology: The analysis was based on interpretative phenomenology with in-depth interviews with 8 workers with medical restrictions. Results: Workers perceive the use of their free time in three contexts: health entities, the company and the home-family; where each space is configured as an extension of the medical service to continue with health care. The time they have outside their working day is not used for rest and leisure activities, but for health care activities. Conclusion: In the face of a health condition that generates restrictions, the existence of a transition from the activities that are performed in the area of leisure time to those that are focused on the area of self-care is identified, which generates an occupational imbalance and the risk of acquiring a disability.
Teachers’ Beliefs and Practice on Providing EFL Written Corrective Feedback
Authors: Annury Muhammad Nafi , Ma'mun Nadiah , Sutrisno Djoko
Published: October 2023

This study analyzes how and why writing instructors provide written corrective feedback (WCF) on academic writing tasks. It was an ethnography study conducted by the Department of English Education at University in Semarang, Indonesia. This study investigated and analyzed the attitudes of teachers to get insight into classroom methods for delivering written corrective feedback (CF) on student writing. The major objective of the study was to evaluate instructors' beliefs and practices. Therefore, the teachers' perspectives on providing written corrective feedback (WCF) were required to determine the true answers and provide corrective feedback. The conceptual basis for this study was developed from Borg's (2003) concept of teacher cognition (beliefs) and practices, as well as the impediments to written CF reported by several writers. This recent study conducted interviews with three English Education Department instructors who instructed writing classes. This investigation utilized classroom observation, the think-aloud technique, and in-depth interviews. The data was examined using Spradley's technique (1979, 1980). The study of the data revealed both congruence and discord between the beliefs and actions of lecturers. For instance, the instructors' focus and number of writing CF were consistent. In addition, it was demonstrated that extraneous influences affected the lecturers' application of their theories.
Effectiveness of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract Against Transforming Growth Factor-β Levels in Swiss Mice Inoculated by Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Najib Ainun , Hayya Adieba Warda , Caressa Dea Amanda , Agustina Mulya , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci
Published: October 2023

Malaria is one of the health problems for the world's population in tropical and subtropical regions. Malaria infection is caused by the protozoa Plasmodium spp. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of A. indica Leaf extract against TGF-β levels in Swiss mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). This study used true experimental with a post-test design only control group design which used Swiss mice subjects weighing 30-35 grams as much as 24 heads and divided into four groups (K, T1, T2, T3); all groups were inoculated PbA. Group T1 (A. indica leaf extract therapy at a dose of 0.25 mg/grBB), Group T2 (A. indica leaf extract therapy at a dose of 0.5 mg/grBB), Group T3 (A. indica leaf extract therapy at a dose of 1 mg/grBB). Data analysis using the Anova + posthoc test with a significance value of p < 0.05 and CI of 95%. The results showed differences in TGF-β levels, both in the control and treatment groups after treatment, with a p-value of < 0.05. Greater increases in TGF-β levels occurred in the T3 group (average +38.46 pg/ml) compared to group K (average +14.37 pg/ml), group T1 (average +14.37 pg/ml), and group T2 (average +22.13 pg/ml)
Team Approach: Hip Preservation Surgery
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Clohisy John C. , Troyer Stockton C. , Cheng Abby L. , Hillen Travis J. , Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Tatman Justin , Bloom Nancy , Schoenecker Perry L. , Nepple Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2023

The evaluation and treatment of adolescents and young adults with hip pain has seen tremendous growth over the past 20 years. Labral tears are well established as a common cause of hip pain but often occur because of underlying bony abnormalities. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular dysplasia are now well-established causes of hip osteoarthritis and are increasingly treated in the prearthritic stage in hopes of improving symptoms and prolonging the longevity of the native hip. Beyond FAI and acetabular dysplasia, this patient population can present with a complex and variable group of underlying conditions that need to be taken into account. Expertise in the conservative management of this population, including physical therapy, is valuable to maximize the success. Preoperative, surgical, and postoperative decision-making and care in this population is complex and evolving. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to the care of this patient population has been used for over 20 years by our institution with great success. The purpose of this article is to review the “team-based approach” necessary for successful management of the spectrum of adolescent and young adult hip disorders.
Modified Brunelli Reconstruction for Scapholunate Ligament Dissociation
Authors: Lee Donald H.
Published: October 2023

Background:

The present video article describes the steps, alternatives, and outcomes of the modified Brunelli reconstruction, also known as 3-ligament tenodesis, for the treatment of irreparable scapholunate dissociations.

Description:

The presently described technique is generally utilized in cases in which there is an irreparable disruption of the scapholunate ligament and widening of the scapholunate junction with no carpal arthritis.

Alternatives:

Other treatment options for irreparable scapholunate dissociation include various forms of capsulotenodesis, bone-ligament-bone reconstruction, tendon-based reconstructions, partial wrist arthrodesis, and proximal row carpectomy.

Rationale:

The modified Brunelli reconstruction is indicated for a nonrepairable complete scapholunate ligament injury with a reducible rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid, without cartilage degeneration. The dorsal scapholunate ligament is reconstructed and the distal palmar scaphoid rotation is corrected with use of a distally based flexor carpi radialis tendon. The reconstruction is achieved by placing the flexor carpi radialis tendon through a transosseous scaphoid tunnel and weaving the tendon through the dorsal ulnar capsule or radiotriquetral ligament.

Expected Outcomes:

The modified Brunelli technique has been shown to restore wrist motion to 70% to 80% of that of the contralateral wrist and grip strength to 65% to 75% of that of the contralateral wrist, as well as to provide good pain relief in approximately 70% to 80% of patients.

Important Tips:

With use of simple instrumentation, C-arm fluoroscopy, and proper surgical technique, this operative procedure is fairly reproducible.

Acronyms and Abbreviations:

FCR = flexor carpi radialis

K-wire = Kirschner wire
Fea study of effectiveness of bionic legacy-shape console as huge machine tool’s column
Authors: Dounar S. S. , Jatskevich V. K. , Ausiyevich A. M. , Shvedova D. N. , Aglushevich I. Y.
Published: October 2023

Concept of machine tool’s column in the appearance of vertical bionic console is proposed. Console was 3D-transformed from the shape of legacy oak-like structure – Eddystone lighthouse. It is proposed to create the variable-section column with “layer-by-layer” technics from the polymer concrete.

FEA shows high stiffness of the column. It increases from 1500 to 11000 N/μm from top to bottom along vertical guideways. Such stiffness needs only 19.3 ton of concrete for the instance of 4.5 m height’s column. FEMmodelling pointed out rather high eigenmode’s frequencies (˃49 Hz). FRF is appropriate for pre-resonance heavy cutting as for post-resonance finishing. Proposed bionic-shape column is perspective as for stand-alone variant so for portal composition created by two opposite columns.
About development of expert possibilities for consideration of equipment projects and technological decisions
Authors: Lobach D. J.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the research described in the article is to formulate and substantiate the methodology for analyzing quantitative patterns of parameters of projects, devices, systems and technologies, that can be used for relative or rating comparison of projected, planned or applied investigated objects without using long-term experimental or operational data.

The proposed approach to the analysis of quantitative patterns makes it possible to conduct a primary assessment of the advantages of innovative technologies, acomparative assessment of the safety of technical complexes, a targeted pre-operational assessment of equipment parameters, and to form planned distinctive parameters for the implementation of experimental and commercial technical projects.
Control of the temperature regime of the process of bacterial oxidation on the basis of fuzzy logic
Authors: Jumaev O. A. , Kovaleva I. L. , Mahmudov G. B.
Published: October 2023

The work is devoted to modeling the temperature control system for the process of bacterial oxidation of refractory gold-bearing sulfide ores. The simulation was performed using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox editor in the MATLAB software package. The substantiation of the set of input and output variables, the type of membership functions was carried out, the base of rules for the inference engine was formed. The main stages of modeling are described and the results are analyzed. The use of trapezoidal membership functions is substantiated.
Effects of Fracturing Fluids Imbibition on CBM Recovery: In Terms of Methane Desorption and Diffusion
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Yao Yanbin , Liu Dameng , Ma Ruying , Qiu Yongkai
Published: October 2023

Hydraulic fracturing technology has been widely used to improve the productivity of the coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir, during which tons of fracturing fluids infiltrate the coal seam. However, the effects of fracturing fluids imbibition on CBM recovery are still unclear. In this study, spontaneous and forced water imbibition experiments in methane-bearing low-volatile bituminous (LVB) coal were conducted at various gas adsorption equilibrium pressures, following which methane desorption and diffusion experiments were performed. These experiments simulated the complete process of fracturing fluid imbibition during well shut-in and subsequent methane production upon reopening, which is helpful in understanding the impact of fracturing fluid imbibition on CBM production. The results show that water imbibition displaces adsorbed methane in the coal matrix, and with reservoir pressure increasing, the displaced effect decreases. Furthermore, the forced imbibition (FI) displaces less methane than the spontaneous imbibition (SI) due to water rapidly filling fractures and blocking methane migration out of the matrix in the FI. In the initial stages of gas production following spontaneous or forced water imbibition, the displaced methane diffuses out of the coal at a rapid rate and then slows down. Furthermore, in the case of FI, a significant amount of residual gas remains after desorption and diffusion due to the water blocking effect. However, the water blocking effect has a minimal impact on coal undergoing SI. In terms of desorption and diffusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of fracturing fluids imbibition on recovery of CBM, which is useful for practical shut-in operations following hydraulic fracturing in LVB coal seams.
The clinical trials activation process: a case study of an Italian Public Hospital
Authors: Pelazza Carolina , Betti Marta , Marengo Francesca , Roveta Annalisa , Maconi Antonio
Published: October 2023

Background/aims
In order to make the centers more attractive to trial sponsors, in recent years some research institutions around the world have pursued projects to reorganize the pathway of trial activation, developing new organizational models to improve the activation process and reduce its times.
This study aims at analyzing and reorganizing the start-up phase of trials conducted at the Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI) of the Public Hospital of Alessandria (Italy).
Methods
A project was carried out to reorganize the trial authorization process at DAIRI by involving the three facilities responsible for this pathway: Clinical Trial Center (CTC), Ethics Committee Secretariat (ESC) and Administrative Coordination (AC).
Lean Thinking methodology was used with the A3 report tool and the analysis was carried out by monitoring specific key performance indicators, derived from variables representing highlights of the trials' activation pathway.
The project involved phases of analysis, implementation of identified countermeasures and monitoring of timelines in 8 four-month periods.
The overall mean and median values of studies activation times were calculated, as well as the average times for each facility involved in the process.
Results
In this study, 298 studies both sponsored by research associations and industry with both observational and interventional study design were monitored.
The mean trial activation time was reduced from 218 days before the project to 56 days in the last period monitored.
From the first to the last monitoring period, each facility involved achieved at least a halving of the average time required to carry out its activities in the clinical trials activation pathway (CTC: 55 days vs 23, ECS: 25 days vs 8, AC 29 days vs 10).
Average activation time for studies with agreement remains longer than those without agreement (100 days vs. 46).
Conclusions
The reorganization project emphasized the importance of having clinical and administrative staff specifically trained on the trial activation process.
This reorganization led to the development of a standard operating procedure and a tool to monitor the time (KPIs of the process) that can also be implemented in other clinical centers.
Importance of live fences for dung beetle assemblage connectivity in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Hernández-Molina Martín A. , Sánchez-Hernández Gibrán , Chamé-Vázquez Eduardo Rafael , Noriega Jorge Ari , Tejeda-Cruz Cesar
Published: October 2023

The fragmentation of tropical deciduous forests in the Mexican state of Chiapas has resulted in small remnants immersed in an agricultural matrix. In many cases, these forest fragments are often limited by live fences, elements that may be ecologically important in terms of the potential habitat connection. In this work, we compared the structure, diversity, and species composition of dung beetle assemblages in three representative habitats (forest, live fences, and cattle pastures) in the region. Six samplings were conducted during the 2019 rainy season, using pitfall traps baited with pig dung. 2,025 individuals of 23 species, 14 genera, and six tribes were captured. Diversity was higher in the forest, but species composition reveals a high similarity of this habitat with the live fence, while the cattle pasture composition shows a clear segregation, indicating the existence of two different assemblages between the three habitats. Likewise, nine species were significantly associated with one of the three habitats. The high similarity with forest in species composition and the presence of an indicator species suggest that live fences function as conspicuous elements that allow high connectivity between forest patches, facilitating the movement of some species that avoid open areas in the agricultural landscape.
Developing precision computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) for adolescent depression: a pilot and feasibility protocol for the SPARX-UK trial
Authors: Khan Kareem , Hall Charlotte L , Babbage Camilla , Dodzo Stuart , Greenhalgh Chris , Lucassen Mathijs , Merry Sally , Sayal Kapil , Sprange Kirsty , Stasiak Karolina , Tench Chris R , Townsend Ellen , Stallard Paul , Hollis Chris
Published: October 2023

Background:
A serious game (SPARX), developed in New Zealand and incorporating cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles, has been shown to help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents with mild to moderate depression. However, SPARX has never been trialled in the United Kingdom (UK) and there have been issues relating to low engagement when it has been used in a real-world context.
Aims:
To conduct the first pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) in England to explore the use of SPARX in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and school-based Mental Health Support Teams (MHSTs). The trial will explore whether SPARX supported by an e-coach (assistant psychologists) improves adherence and engagement compared with self-directed use. The trial results will be used to inform optimal mode of delivery (SPARX supported vs. SPARX self-directed), calculate an appropriate sample size for a full RCT, and to decide which setting (CAMHS vs. MHSTs).
Methods:
A total of 120 adolescents (11-19 years) will be recruited for this three-arm study. Adolescents recruited from CAMHS and MHSTs across England will be randomised to receive either SPARX with human support (from an e-coach), SPARX self-directed or a waitlist control group. Assessments will be conducted online at baseline, week 4, and 8-10-weeks post-randomisation. The assessments will include measures which capture demographic, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire modified for adolescents [PHQ-A]) and anxiety (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale [RCADS]) symptomatology, and health-related quality of life data (EQ-5D-Y and proxy version). Analyses will be primarily descriptive. Qualitative interviews will be undertaken with a proportion of the participants and clinical staff as part of a process evaluation, the qualitative data gathered will be thematically analysed. Finally, feasibility data will be collected on recruitment details, overall study uptake and engagement with SPARX, participant retention, and youth-reported acceptability of the intervention.
Discussion:
The findings will inform the design of a future definitive RCT of SPARX in the UK. If shown to be effective, an online serious game utilising CBT principles ultimately has the potential to improve the provision of care within the UK’s health services.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN: ISRCTN15124804. Registered on 16 January 2023, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15124804.
Tranexamic acid by the intramuscular or intravenous route for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in women at increased risk: a randomised placebo-controlled trial (I’M WOMAN)
Authors: Brenner Amy Charlotte , Shakur-Still Haleema , Chaudhri Rizwana , Muganyizi Projestine , Olayemi Oladapo , Arribas Monica , Kayani Aasia , Javaid Kiran , Bello Folasade Adenike , Roberts Ian , Group I'M WOMAN Trial Collaborative
Published: October 2023

Background: . Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) causes about 70,000 maternal deaths every year. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a lifesaving treatment for women with PPH. Intravenous (IV) TXA reduces deaths due to PPH by one third when given within 3 hours of childbirth. Because TXA is more effective when given early and PPH usually occurs soon after childbirth, giving TXA just before childbirth might prevent PPH. Although several randomised trials have examined TXA for PPH prevention, the results are inconclusive. Because PPH only affects a small proportion of births, we need good evidence on the balance of benefits and harms before using TXA to prevent PPH. TXA is usually given by slow IV injection. However, recent research shows that TXA is well tolerated and rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) injection, achieving therapeutic blood levels within minutes of injection.
Methods: The I’M WOMAN trial is an international, multicentre, three arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of IM and IV TXA for the prevention of PPH in women with one or more risk factors for PPH giving birth vaginally or by caesarean section.
Discussion: The trial will provide evidence on the benefits and harms of TXA for PPH prevention and the effects of the IM and IV routes of administration. The IM route should be as effective as the IV route for preventing bleeding. There may be fewer side effects with IM TXA because peak blood concentrations are lower than with the IV route. IM TXA also has practical advantages as it is quicker and simpler to administer. By avoiding the need for IV line insertion and a slow IV injection, IM administration would free up overstretched midwives and doctors to focus on looking after the mother and baby, and expand access to timely TXA treatment.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05562609, 3 October 2022, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05562609; ISRCTN registry ISRCTN12590098, 20 January 2023, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12590098; Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202305473136570, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=25548, 18 May 2023.
Response of growth performance and cecum microbial communityto cyclic heat stress in broilers
Authors: Yuan Junjun , Li Yan , Sun Shiang , Wu Jiaying , Zhou Jin , He Shaojun
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to examine the changes in growth performance and caecal microbiotal community in cycle heat stress (CHS) treated broilers. A total of 200 twenty-eight-day-old female Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were equally allotted into neutral ambient temperature group (TN group, 24 ± 1℃, 24 h/day) and CHS group (33 ± 1℃, 8 h/day) with five replicates of 10 broilers each, respectively. Growth performance, cecum microbial diversity, flora composition and community structure were analyzed on days 35 and 42. The decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and the increased feed/gain ratio (F:G) were observed in heat-stressed broilers on days 35 and 42. The alpha and beta diversity index had no significant changes at the two experimental periods (P > 0.05). At the genus level, CHS significantly increased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at 42 d (P < 0.05). Based on the analysis of linear effect size feature selection, CHS made an enriched Reyranella and a reduced Rompoutsia and Ruminiclostridium at 35 d of age (P < 0.05). CHS made an enriched Weissella and Enterococcus at 42 d of age (P < 0.05). The present study revealed that CHS reduces broiler growth performance and alters the microbial community of the cecum microbiota and the abundance of species. These findings are of critical importance to alleviate the negative effects of CHS on broiler chickens’ growth performance by maintaining gut microbial balance.
An Enhanced Encrypted Traffic Classifier via Combination of Deep Learning and Automata Learning
Authors: Sabahi-Kaviani Zeynab , Ghassemi Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Characterizing the network traffic and identifying running applications play an instrumental role in several network administration tasks such as protecting against malicious behavior, firewalling, and balancing bandwidth usage. This classification, due to its complexity, has brought about several difficulties for researchers. Moreover, recent advances in the Internet, such as encryption-based security protocols, Tor networks, and virtual private networks. have made the classification even more complicated. Although many studies have been conducted to tackle these issues independently, few of them have partially been successful, addressing only one issue. We propose an approach called DeNeTLang, a general traffic classifier that addresses all the above-mentioned challenges. We utilize the automata learning technique to derive the behavioral packet-based model of each application in terms of a k-testable language. As some packets always appear together, we apply machine learning techniques to automatically identify those packets with similar timing and statistical features to increase the granularity of alphabets of the learned languages. This leads to smaller models yet still precise to characterize applications. To classify by a deep neural network, we convert the learned languages to feature vectors. The results of applying DeNeTLang on real traffic indicate that our approach outperforms the stateof-the-art methods both in application identification and traffic characterization tasks. Also, the proposed approach is resilient to noise stem from simultaneous execution of multiple applications.
Comparison Between Platelet Rich Fibrin as Space Filling Material Versus Xenograft and Alloplastic Bone Grafting Materials in Immediate Implant Placement: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Elsheikh Heba Abo-Elfetouh , Abdelsameaa Sally Elsayed , Elbahnasi Ahmed Adel , Abdel-Rahman Fakhreldin Hassan
Published: October 2023

Background:
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different gap filling materials in immediate implant in anterior and premolar regions of maxilla.
Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six implants were inserted in patients seeking for replacement of non-restorable maxillary anterior and premolar teeth (esthetic zone) by immediate implant. Patients were randomly distributed into three equal groups, twelve implants in each group. Group 1 received Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) into the jumping distance, Group 2 received Xenograft into the jumping distance and Group 3 received Alloplastic bone grafting material into the jumping distance. Implant stability by measuring the changes in Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), peri-implant pocket depth, marginal bone loss and changes in buccal bone thickness were evaluated during follow up periods. All the clinical and radiographic data were subjected to statistical analysis by One Way ANOVA test and the Post Hoc Tukey test.
Results:
This study involved 19 female patients and 17 male patients who received 36 dental implants. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding implant stability, peri-implant pocket depth and palatal bone loss, while there was a significant difference between PRF Group (Group 1) and the other Groups regarding buccal bone loss and changes in buccal bone thickness.
Conclusion:
PRF can be used as a gap filling material in conjunction with immediate implant placement, but other bone grafting materials give superior result regarding buccal bone loss and changes in buccal bone thickness.
Trial registration:
The study was listed on www.clinicaltrials.gov with registration number (NCT05878392) on 26/05/2023. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, approved the current study in compliance with the seventh revision of the Helsinki Declaration in 2013 (A0103023OS).
High abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the naso-oropharynx of SARS-CoV-2-infected persons in an African population: implications for low disease severity
Authors: Akorli Jewelna , Opoku Millicent , Appiah-Twum Francis , Akpo Margaret Sena , Ismail Rahmat Yusif , Boamah Georgina Yaa Kwartemaa , Obeng-Aboagye Elizabeth , Adu-Asamoah Dina , Owusu-Donkor Irene
Published: October 2023

Background: Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with various diseases, including COVID-19. The association of the oral microbiome with SARS-CoV-2 infections and disease progression has been documented in European, Asian, and American populations but not in Africa.
Methods: We conducted a study in Ghana to evaluate and compare the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome in SARS-CoV-2-infected and noninfected persons before and after vaccination. 16S rDNA was sequenced and analysed from DNA extracted from the naso-oropharyngeal swabs of consenting participants.
Results: Alpha diversity was high among pre-vaccinated virus-positive individuals (Shannon: p< 0.0001) but reduced among vaccinated persons. Contrary to other reports, differences in viral loads did not significantly affect alpha diversity. Pre-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative individuals had little yet significant microbial compositional dissimilarity (PERMANOVA: R2=0.14, p= 0.001) but not when some individuals were vaccinated (PERMANOVA: R2=0.013, p= 0.49). Consistent with other studies, Prevotella and Atopobium were abundant in pre-vaccinated virus-positive persons (adjusted p value <0.05). Butyrate-producing microbes, including members of Lachnospiraceae and Fusobacterium sp., were in relatively high abundances in infected individuals. As biomarkers associated with the infection (log10LDA> 4.0), they suggest probable protective pathophysiological processes that would prevent severe disease outcomes in this population. Anaerovoracaceae was increased in infected vaccinated persons, further implicating Firmicutes in protective immunity against COVID-19.
Conclusion: Our results necessitate further studies to confirm the integral role of Firmicutes in immune responses and disease progression. We also recommend expansion of microbiome–disease association studies across Africa to identify possible bacterial-mediated therapeutics for emerging infections.
Evaluation of the relation between salivary alpha-amylase level and oral diseases with the stress etiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pakravan Fahimeh , Chatraei Fatemeh , Heidari Zahra , Nilchian Firoozeh , Ghazavi Roghayeh , Isfahani Mehdi Nasr
Published: October 2023

Stress is one of the etiologic factors causing oral diseases. There are different factors for measuring stress: Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase. Thus, this literature aims to evaluate the relationship between salivary alpha-amylase levels and oral diseases with the stress etiology. A systematic search of all articles without time limitation was carried out by relevant keywords from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus based on PRISMA instruction. Egger and Begg's regression did a statistical analysis of an asymmetric Funnel Plot for an adjusted rank correlation test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine each study's effect on the final effect size. The number of articles after inclusion and exclusion criteria and checklist reached 10. The final effect size in 8 studies was 0.63(-0.08_1.34) alpha-amylase, which means the level of alpha-amylase in the case group was higher than the control group by about 0.63.It isn't significant(I2 = 93.3%,P = 0.000).The final effect size of Burning Mouth Syndrome( BMS) studies was 0.77(0.04_1.50), which means the level of alpha-amylase in the BMS group was higher than the control group by about 0.77.It is significant(I2 = 82.1%,P = 0.004). The final effect size in 6 studies was 0.61(-0.02_1.20) stress, which means the stress level in the case group was higher than in the control group, about 0.61. It is significant (I2 = 88.2%, P = 0.000) Although there are few studies about the relation between salivary alpha-amylase levels and oral diseases with stress etiology, it is recommended to conduct more clinical studies to achieve more accurate results and the relation between this factor and systemic diseases.