bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Temperature Self‐Adaptive Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Guangmeng , Wei Hua , Zhao Shunshun , Yang Yihan , Zhang Xiangyong , Chen Guangming , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Hongfei , Han Cuiping
Published: April 2024

The advancement of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is often hampered by the dendritic zinc growth and the parasitic side reactions between the zinc anode and the aqueous electrolyte, especially under extreme temperature conditions. This study unveils the performance decay mechanism of zinc anodes in harsh environments, characterized by “dead zinc” at low temperatures and aggravated hydrogen evolution and adverse by‐products at elevated temperatures. To address these issues, a temperature self‐adaptive electrolyte (TSAE), founded on the competitive coordination principle of co‐solvent and anions, is introduced. This electrolyte exhibits a dynamic solvation capability, engendering an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at low temperatures while an organic alkyl ether‐ and alkyl carbonate‐containing SEI at elevated temperatures. The self‐adaptability of the electrolyte significantly enhances the performance of the zinc anode across a broad temperature range. A Zn//Zn symmetrical cell, based on the TSAE, showcases reversible plating/stripping exceeding 16 800 h (>700 d) at room temperature under 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, setting a record of lifespan. Furthermore, the TSAE enables stable operation of the zinc full batteries across an ultrawide temperature range of −35 to 75 °C. This work illuminates a pathway for optimizing AZIBs under extreme temperatures by fine‐tuning the interfacial chemistry.
Self‐Reinforced MOF‐Based Nanogel Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Long‐Acting Drug Release
Authors: Sun Yun , Ding Sheng‐Long , Zhao Xiyuan , Sun Dadi , Yang Yuhan , Chen Min , Zhu Chunlin , Jiang Bingyin , Gu Qi , Liu Huiyu , Zhang Mingzhu
Published: April 2024

Intra‐articular injection of drugs is an effective strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, the complex microenvironment and limited joint space result in rapid clearance of drugs. Herein, a nanogel‐based strategy is proposed for prolonged drug delivery and microenvironment remodeling. Nanogel is constructed through the functionalization of hyaluronic acid (HA) by amide reaction on the surface of Kartogenin (KGN)‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (denoted as KZIF@HA). Leveraging the inherent hydrophilicity of HA, KZIF@HA spontaneously forms nanogels, ensuring extended drug release in the OA microenvironment. KZIF@HA exhibits sustained drug release over one month, with low leakage risk from the joint cavity compared to KZIF, enhanced cartilage penetration, and reparative effects on chondrocytes. Notably, KGN released from KZIF@HA serves to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion for hyaline cartilage regeneration. Zn2+ release reverses OA progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization to establish an anti‐inflammatory microenvironment. Ultimately, KZIF@HA facilitates cartilage regeneration and OA alleviation within three months. Transcriptome sequencing validates that KZIF@HA stimulates the polarization of M2 macrophages and secretes IL‐10 to inhibit the JNK and ERK pathways, promoting chondrocytes recovery and enhancing ECM remodeling. This pioneering nanogel system offers new therapeutic opportunities for sustained drug release, presenting a significant stride in OA treatment strategies.
Ternary Cocrystal with Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State for Efficient Light Conversion Applications
Authors: Xiao Yejun , Liu Lifang , Xu Peng , Sun Fengke , Li Feng , Liu Xuan , Yin Yanfeng , Leng Jing , Zhang Fuxiang , Jin Shengye
Published: April 2024

Charge‐transfer (CT) cocrystals have attracted continuous interest for their promising optical and optoelectronic applications. To improve the performance of this class of material, a CT cocrystal with long‐lived CT excitons is highly desired. Herein, the development of a pyrene‐doped trans‐1,2‐diphenylethylene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene ternary cocrystal (named P‐TS‐TC) is reported. Compared to the undoped binary cocrystals (without pyrene), P‐TS‐TC exhibits a two times longer CT exciton lifetime (≈60.2 ns), and thus 8.8‐ and 16.6‐times improvement in photocurrent response and photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. By using transient photoluminescence spectroscopy, it is uncovered that the absorbed photon energy in P‐TS‐TC is localized to a lower energy CT state through an efficient energy transfer process (≈389.8 ps) between two co‐existing CT states. The CT exciton lifetime is prolonged due to the weakened CT coupling strength, as a result of the enlarged donor‐acceptor distance and the change of geometric structure. The result is expected to inspire the design of cocrystals with manipulatable CT exciton properties and to promote the potential application of multi‐component CT cocrystals.
Cropland soil nitrogen oxide emissions vary with dairy manure incorporation methods
Authors: Miller David J. , Chai Jiajue , Guo Felix , Ponce de León María A. , Ryals Rebecca , Dell Curtis J. , Karsten Heather , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: April 2024

Soils contribute 15%–75% of total atmospheric nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in agricultural regions during the growing season. However, the impacts of cropland fertilizer management on spatially heterogeneous, temporally episodic NOx emission patterns are highly uncertain. We examine the effects of liquid slurry dairy manure application practices on soil NOx emissions in rainfed, corn‐soybean rotations during spring 2016 and 2017. Daily soil NOx emissions and weekly soil inorganic N measurements were performed in a randomized split–split plot design for 1–4 weeks following manure applications. NOx emissions and soil N with shallow‐disk injection and chisel‐disk manure incorporation methods were compared with unincorporated broadcast practices. Injected manure and chisel‐disk incorporation exhibited two–four times larger mean NOx emissions than those with unincorporated broadcast manure. Larger soil NOx emissions with manure incorporation practices were driven by the predominance of nitrification in these treatments with evidence of soil nitrate production. Soil NOx emission differences between treatments were detectable across order of magnitude changes in daily NOx emissions during two growing seasons. Larger soil NOx emissions associated with manure incorporation practices compared with unincorporated broadcast practices occur alongside larger N2O and smaller NH3 emissions, highlighting important air quality and climate impact tradeoffs for cropland manure fertilizer management choices.
The interplay of psychosis and non‐compliance with fatal outcome in an adult with MSUD
Authors: Falah Nadia , Pendyal Surekha , Sasannejad Cina , Gibson Allison , Lee Yu Lin , McDonald Marie , Koeberl Dwight
Published: April 2024

Significant progress has been achieved in enhancing early outcomes for individuals with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a rare metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of branched‐chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, where leucine is known as the primary neurotoxic metabolite. Newborn screening is helpful in early diagnosis and implementation of dietary treatment, thus reducing neurological deterioration and complications in young children. However, patients face the life‐long challenge of maintaining metabolic control through adherence to a strict low‐leucine diet to avoid long‐term consequences of chronic hyperleucinemia, which include cognitive deficits, mood disorders, and movement disorders. This case report exemplifies the complex involvement of MSUD in adult survivors. Despite presenting early in life, the patient thrived until the onset of psychiatric symptoms. The subject of this case is a 25‐year‐old woman with MSUD, who remained in her usual state of health until presentation to the emergency department (ED) with psychosis and altered mental status. However, due to a lack of medical records and poor communication, there was a delay in considering MSUD as a primary cause of her psychiatric symptoms. Although a genetics consultation was later arranged and efforts were made to decrease plasma leucine to the therapeutic range, these interventions proved inadequate in halting her deterioration in health. Her condition worsened within 72 h, culminating in her untimely death. This case emphasizes the comorbidity of psychiatric involvement in MSUD, which contributes to metabolic decompensation that can lead to cerebral edema and death. This case also highlights the pressing need for enhanced strategies for the acute management and long‐term care of MSUD patients with psychiatric involvement, particularly in scenarios where mental disturbance could lead to noncompliance.
A novel AP1S2 variant causing leaky splicing in X‐linked intellectual disability: Further delineation and intrafamilial variability
Authors: Noojarern Saisuda , Tim‐Aroon Thipwimol , Anurat Kingthong , Phetthong Tim , Khongkraparn Arthaporn , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee
Published: April 2024

Pettigrew syndrome (PGS), an X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID), is caused by mutations in the AP1S2 gene. Herein, we described a Thai family with six patients who had severe‐to‐profound intellectual impairment, limited verbal communication, and varying degrees of limb spasticity. One patient had a unilateral cataract. We demonstrated facial evolution over time, namely coarse facies, long faces, and thick lip vermilions. We identified a novel AP1S2 variant, c.1‐2A>G. The mRNA analysis revealed that the variant resulted in splicing defects with leaky splicing, yielding two distinct aberrant transcripts, one of which likely resulting in the mutant protein lacking the first 44 amino acids whereas the other possibly leading to no production of the protein. By performing a literature review, we found 51 patients and 11 AP1S2 pathogenic alleles described and that all the variants were loss‐of‐function alleles. The severity of ID in Pettigrew syndrome is mostly severe‐to‐profound (54.8%), followed by moderate (26.2%) and mild. Progressive spasticity was noted in multiple patients. In summary, leaky splicing found in the present family was likely related to the intrafamilial clinical variability. Our data also support the previous notion of variable expression and neuroprogressive nature of the disorder.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct ortho‐Arylation of Anilines
Authors: Jacob Clément , Annibaletto Julien , Peng Ju , Bai Ruopeng , Maes Bert U. W. , Lan Yu , Evano Gwilherm
Published: April 2024

An efficient and broadly applicable rhodium‐catalyzed direct ortho‐arylation of anilines with aryl iodides relying on readily available aminophosphines as traceless directing groups is reported. Its scope and functional group compatibility were both found to be quite broad as a large variety of both aminophosphines and (hetero)aryl iodides, including complex ones, could be utilized. The ortho‐arylated anilines could be obtained in high average yields, without any competing diarylation and with full regioselectivity, which constitutes a major step forward compared to other processes. The reaction is moreover not limited to aryl iodides, as an aryl bromide and a triflate could be successfully used, and could be extended to diarylation. Mechanistic studies revealed the key and unique role of the aminophosphine, acting not only as a substrate but also as a ligand for the rhodium catalyst.
Coupling Nano and Atomic Electric Field Confinement for Robust Alkaline Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Qiyou , Gong Yujie , Zi Xin , Gan Lei , Pensa Evangelina , Liu Yuxiang , Xiao Yusen , Li Hongmei , Liu Kang , Fu Junwei , Liu Jun , Stefancu Andrei , Cai Chao , Chen Shanyong , Zhang Shiguo , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chan Ting‐Shan , Ma Chao , Cao Xueying , Cortés Emiliano , Liu Min
Published: April 2024

The alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a promising avenue for producing clean fuels and storing intermittent energy. However, challenges such as excessive OH− consumption and strong adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates hinder the development of alkaline OER. In this study, we propose a cooperative strategy by leveraging both nano‐scale and atomically local electric fields for alkaline OER, demonstrated through the synthesis of Mn single atom doped CoP nanoneedles (Mn SA‐CoP NNs). Finite element method simulations and density functional theory calculations predict that the nano‐scale local electric field enriches OH− around the catalyst surface, while the atomically local electric field improves *O desorption. Experimental validation using in situ attenuated total reflection infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirms the effectiveness of the nano‐scale and atomically electric fields. Mn SA‐CoP NNs exhibit an ultra‐low overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and stable operation over 100 hours at ~100 mA cm−2 during alkaline OER. This innovative strategy provides new insights for enhancing catalyst performance in energy conversion reactions.
Carbon Free Radical (R⋅) Inactivates NF‐κB for Radical Capping Therapy
Authors: Zhao Peiran , Li Huiyan , Sun Bingxia , Wang Chaochao , Lv Guanglei , Chen Chao , Ying Leilei , He Xinhong , Jin Dayong , Bu Wenbo
Published: April 2024

Inactivating hyperactivated transcription factors can overcome tumor therapy resistance, but their undruggable features limit the development of conventional inhibitors. Here, we report that carbon‐centered free radicals (R⋅) can inactivate NF‐κB transcription by capping the active sites in both NF‐κB and DNA. We construct a type of thermosensitive R⋅ initiator loaded amphiphilic nano‐micelles to facilitate intracellular delivery of R⋅. At a temperature of 43 °C, the generated R⋅ engage in electrophilic radical addition towards double bonds in nucleotide bases, and simultaneously cap the sulfhydryl residues in NF‐κB through radical chain reaction. As a result, both NF‐κB nuclear translocation and NF‐κB‐DNA binding are suppressed, leading to a remarkable NF‐κB inhibition of up to 94.1 %. We have further applied R⋅ micelles in a clinical radiofrequency ablation tumor therapy model, showing remarkable NF‐κB inactivation and consequently tumor metastasis inhibition. Radical capping strategy not only provides a method to solve the heat‐sink effect in clinic tumor hyperthermia, but also suggests a new perspective for controllable modification of biomacromolecules in cancer therapy.
Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode
Authors: Hutsch Stefanie , Leonard Allison , Grätz Sven , Höfler Mark Valentin , Gutmann Torsten , Borchardt Lars
Published: April 2024

We introduce the first mechanochemical cyclotrimerization of nitriles, a facile strategy for synthesizing triazine‐containing molecules and materials, overcoming challenges related to carbonization and solubility. Conducting this solid‐state approach in a mixer ball mill with 4‐Methylbenzonitrile, we synthesize Tris(4‐methylphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine quantitatively in as little as 90 minutes. Just as fast, this mechanochemical method facilitates the synthesis of the covalent triazine framework CTF‐1 using 1,4 Dicyanobenzene. Material characterization confirms its porous (650 m2 g−1) and crystalline nature. Adjusting the induced mechanical energy allows control over the obtained stacking conformation of the resulting CTFs ‐ from a staggered AB arrangement to an eclipsed AA stacking conformation. Finally, a substrate scope demonstrates the versatility of this approach, successfully yielding various CTFs.
Design and Synthesis of C4‐Symmetric Axially Chiral β‐Aryl Porphyrins and Application for Supporting Ir(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Alkylation
Authors: Yuan Shanshan , Sun Jun‐Chao , Zhao Xiao‐Ming , Zhu Jieping , Zheng Sheng‐Cai
Published: April 2024

A hitherto unknown class of C4‐symmetric Caryl−Cβ (C3, C8, C13, C18) axially chiral porphyrins has been synthesized and the application of their iridium (Ir) complexes in catalytic asymmetric C(sp3)−H functionalization is documented. Cyclotetramerization of enantioenriched axially chiral 2‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐naphthyl pyrroles under mild acidic conditions affords, after oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ), the C4‐symmetric α,α,α,α‐atropenantiomer as an only isolable diastereomer. Both regioisomeric Ir(Por*)(CO)(Cl) complexes catalyze the carbene C−H insertion reaction affording the same enantiomer, albeit with slight difference in enantioselectivity. With the optimum Ir‐complex 3 e, the 2‐substituted arylacetic acid derivatives were generated from diazo compounds and cyclohexadiene in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Photo‐induced organo‐manganese‐mediated radical polymerization of acrylates under LED irradiation
Authors: Pesqueira Naralyne M. , Lira Kathia H. , Bignardi Camila , da Silva Milene K. C. , Silva Thiago F. , Machado Antonio E. H. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Carvalho‐Jr Valdemiro P. , Goi Beatriz E.
Published: April 2024

The role of manganese in photo‐induced organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (photo‐OMRP) under LED (light‐emitting diode) irradiation has not been previously explored. In this study, four manganese (II) complexes, namely [Mn(6‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Bu), [Mn(6,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Bu2), [Mn(6‐ethoxy‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Ethoxy), and [Mn(6,3‐di‐ethoxy‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Ethoxy2), were synthesized using both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligands. The Schiff base ligands were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The Mn (II) complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and rationalized with density functional theory (DFT) studies. All complexes were evaluated as photo‐OMRP mediators under LED irradiation at 390 nm and in the 400–800 nm range. The photopolymerization utilized methyl acrylate (MA) and diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) in varying molar ratios of [MA]/[MnII]/[TPO] (900/1/1, 600/1/1, and 600/1/0.5). The photo‐OMRP of MA mediated by Mn‐Bu2 showed the best control over molecular weight (Mn matching Mn,th) and dispersity (Ð < 1.30) at a [MA]/[MnII]/[TPO] = 600/1/0.5 M ratio. The polymerization system demonstrated a living character, as evidenced by reversible “on/off” light source switching. Furthermore, a block copolymer of poly (methyl acrylate)‐b‐poly (butyl acrylate) was successfully synthesized employing a sequential visible‐light‐induced process, with the Mn‐Bu2 system showing the best results.
Stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsion gels by pH‐induced electrostatic interactions between soybean protein isolate microgel particles and xanthan gum
Authors: Mao Jixian , Cui Lujie , Meng Zong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a colloidal dispersion at different pH containing soybean protein isolate (SPI) microgel particles and xanthan gum (XG) was used as the aqueous phase to prepare O/W emulsion gels with soybean oil. Properties of SPI microgel particles were analyzed by particle size, Zeta‐potential, secondary structure, optical contact angle, dynamic interface tension, and SEM testing, respectively. Results showed that pH impact microgels particle size and Zeta‐potential and their emulsification properties. It turned out that only at pH 3, 6, 7, and 8 can construct emulsions successfully. Based on a comparison of microstructure and macroscopic properties, it was found that at pH 3, proteins and polysaccharides were oppositely charged, electrostatic attraction between them reduced proteins located at the interface, and was more likely to form larger droplets, resulting in a bimodal droplet distribution and larger sizes. Conversely, at the pH of 6, 7, and 8, respectively, emulsions exhibited a uniform droplet distribution and more solid‐like rheological properties due to the powerful electrostatic repulsion between SPI and XG. Also, emulsion gels co‐stabilized with proteins and polysaccharides under electrostatic repulsion conditions showed an ideal recovery ability. Overall, this work would be beneficial to the use of emulsion gels in fat substitute systems.
A reinterpretation of human breast anatomy includes all the layers of the anterior body wall
Authors: Hall Margaret I. , Suarez‐Venot Ana , Lindvall Tyler , Plochocki Jeffrey H. , Grossman Aryeh , Rodriguez‐Sosa Jose R. , Voegele Georgina M. , Valdez Dominik R. , Georgi Justin A.
Published: April 2024

Mammary glands define mammals as a group, yet a comprehensive anatomical description of the mammary gland does not exist for almost any mammalian species. In humans, the anatomical and surgical literature provide conflicting and incomplete descriptions of the gross anatomy of the breast. We dissected 9 male and 15 female human body donors to clarify this gross anatomy. We found that, like other epidermally derived glands of the body, the mammary glandular tissue is constrained to a membrane‐bound, central structure referred to as the corpus mammae in the surgical literature, and not dispersed throughout the breast as typically described in the anatomical literature. The major fasciae of the human anterior body wall, including the superficial fatty Camper's fascia and the deeper membranous Scarpa's fascia, both contribute to the structure of the breast. This anatomical arrangement suggests that, as the mammary gland invaginates posteriorly from the integument during embryological development, the mammary fat pad most likely derives from Camper's fascia, and growth of Scarpa's fascia around this fat pad forms the anterior and posterior lamellae of the breast pocket. Anteriorly, Scarpa's fascia becomes a double layer that creates the surface structure of the breast. Posteriorly, Scarpa's fascia forms a circummammary ligament that (1) stabilizes the breast against the thoracic wall and (2) is continuous with Scarpa's fascia on the rest of the anterior body wall. The suspensory ligaments of the breast represent the typical retinaculae cuti found consistently throughout the human body wall, and do not directly attach to the skin. Instead, these retinaculae attach to the anterior or posterior lamella of Scarpa's fascia.
New anti‐windup Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative for motor speed control
Authors: Yapp Kevin K. C. , Hoo Choon Lih , Lai Chun Haw
Published: April 2024

The proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) was developed and recognized for its reliability. A PID controller is not only simple but also relatively cheap. However, the controller causes system performance degeneration over time due to the presence of windup in a motor speed control system. The windup phenomenon is caused by the saturated control state. Various anti‐windup methods were introduced to decrease a system's long settling time and extreme overshooting. Most anti‐windup techniques require integral switching between saturated and unsaturated states, whereby both versions of steady‐state integral proportional‐integral controller do not need integral switching mechanism. They possess a certain degree of decoupling between
and
tuning parameters and tested to allow a more comprehensive range of tuning in the absence of derivative control. This research investigated the impact of derivative control component on the tuning gain decoupling through hardware simulation. By integrating the derivative component,
, the control system demonstrated an improved system stability and reduced overshoot. Result shows that the decoupling feature allows SIPIC01+D and SIPIC02+D controllers to produce performance with zero overshoot and short settling time. However, SIPIC01+D has better dynamical performance with fastest rise and settling time with no overshoot as compared to other anti‐windup controllers.
Triggerable biomaterials‐based osteomyelitis theranostics
Authors: Li Lei , Yin Yue , Zhang Shengchang , Yang Junyuan , Li Pei , Zhou Huaijuan , Li Jinhua
Published: April 2024

The emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria poses a significant challenge in the treatment of osteomyelitis, rendering traditional antibiotic treatment strategies inadequate in terms of achieving a complete cure. In recent years, triggerable biomaterial‐based, antibiotic‐free osteomyelitis treatment strategies have rapidly evolved, demonstrating excellent bactericidal effects. Triggerable biomaterials‐based osteomyelitis theranostics encompass physical signal response strategies and host immune modulation approaches. These strategies can be effective against drug‐resistant bacteria, circumventing the gradual acquisition of resistance that often accompanies traditional antibiotic treatment. Additionally, the inherent physical properties of the triggerable biomaterials facilitate the precise imaging of osteomyelitis. There is no doubt that triggerable biomaterial‐mediated, antibiotic‐free therapies are emerging as a trend, which is critically important in combating multidrug‐resistant bacteria‐induced osteomyelitis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in osteomyelitis treatment strategies from both pathogen‐directed and host‐directed perspectives. The design regimens and specific action mechanisms of triggerable biomaterial‐based nanoplatforms are also clarified. Finally, we outline the challenges faced by various antibiotic‐free therapies and provide an outlook on the prospects for synergistic interactions.
Strategic pathways to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 12 through Industry 4.0: Moderating role of institutional pressure
Authors: Sharma Mahak , Singh Pratibha , Tsagarakis Konstantinos
Published: April 2024

Emerging economies, at the vanguard of extensive resource depletion and limited environmental stewardship, are worst‐hit by climate change events, necessitating an extensive investigation of the relevance of I4.0 in attaining sustainable consumption and production patterns. This study focuses on Sustainable Production and Consumption (SDG12) and investigates how the implementation of I4.0 can contribute to the adoption of circular economy practices (CEPs) to incorporate elements of sustainable consumption and procurement into supply chains. Based on dynamic capabilities theory, institutional pressure, and the triple‐bottom‐line perspective, this study proposes an overarching research framework that presents the synergistic convergence of dynamic capabilities, I4.0, and the circular economy to achieve SDG12. This framework is empirically validated through a survey‐based, cross‐sectional research design by utilizing conditional process modeling. This study employed purposive sampling where respondents constituted 480 industry practitioners and professionals in digital supply chain and operations management from manufacturing firms based in the Baddi and Alwar districts in India. The findings demonstrate that I4.0 and CEPs sequentially mediate the impact of dynamic capabilities on SDG12, while mimetic pressure strengthens the impact of exploitation‐oriented strategy on SDG12.
Conservative management of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: A case report with favorable prognosis
Authors: Nakao Satoshi , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Kobayashi Takaomi , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Egashira Yoshiaki , Mawatari Masaaki , Morimoto Tadatsugu
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Sudden spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is relatively rare. Sudden pain from the neck to the back and subsequent extremity paralysis necessitate immediate head and cervical magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, keeping SSEH in mind. Although surgery is recommended for progressive paralysis, conservative treatment is indicated for mildly symptomatic cases.
Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after neck manipulation in a patient with Eagle syndrome
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Gamal , Aboloyoun Hesham , Makarem Yasmine Saad , Elnaggar Ashraf
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Contraindications of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) have been proposed, which mandate rigorous control for its safe practice when manipulating the upper spine. Here, we report a vascular complication of Neck Manipulation in Eagle syndrome (ES) patient.

SMT is used to treat musculoskeletal conditions such as back pain and neck pain by applying force to the spinal joints. Here, we report a rare but devastating complication of SMT, where a young male patient, 22 years old, with ES, had a large pseudoaneurysm from the internal carotid artery (ICA) after SMT from an unlicensed practitioner, treated successfully with endograft. Clinicians administering SMT should consider an elongated styloid process as a potential contraindication to this therapy.
Mixed‐Potential‐Driven Catalysis in Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Yan Mo , Arsyad Rafiq , Putri Namari Nuning Anugrah , Suzuki Hiroaki , Takeyasu Kotaro
Published: April 2024

Mixed‐potential‐driven catalysis, in which anodic and cathodic reactions are electrochemically short‐circuited, converts the Gibbs free energy difference into overpotentials that drive both half‐reactions without an external energy input. We developed a theoretical framework that suggests that the catalytic activities of individual catalyst components determine the distribution of the aforementioned driving forces. By short‐circuiting spatially separated electrodes made of Au/C with reduced‐graphene oxide, nitrogen‐doped reduced‐graphene oxide, caged nitrogen‐doped reduced‐graphene oxide, Pt/C, or Pd/C, we demonstrated this framework using glucose oxidation as a model, given its significance in generating high‐value products and its potential in fuel cell technology. A short‐circuit current was detected in the absence of external potentials, demonstrating electron transfer during glucose oxidation. Additionally, by correlating the mixed potential predicted from the polarization curves of each half‐reaction with the mixed potential measured in short‐circuit experiments under the same conditions, we confirmed that the kinetic activity of each catalyst component determines the mixed potential. This, in turn, affects the division of the driving force. Driving force partitioning is a potent tool for enhancing the overall rate of a reaction. Our findings may facilitate the design of not only glucose oxidation catalysts but also other heterogeneous catalysts based on mixed‐potential‐driven reaction mechanisms.
Plasma‐Engraved Lattice‐Matched NiO/NiFe2O4 Heterostructure with Ample Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Water Electrolysis and Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zeng Kai , Tao Hongwei , Zhaoshi Yijia , Feng Jiawen , Jiang Shuhao , Wu Yanfang , Yang Ruizhi , He Zhengyou , Li Yibing
Published: April 2024

Heterogeneous interface and defect engineering offer effective pathways to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) charge transfer kinetics and motivate optimal intrinsic catalytic activity. Herein, we report the lattice‐matched NiO/NiFe2O4 heterostructure with ample oxygen vacancies (Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4) induced by a feasible hydrothermal followed by calcination and plasma‐engraving assistant technique, which shows the unique porous microflower arrangement of intertwined nanosheets. Benefitting from the synergetic effects between lattice‐matched heterointerface and oxygen vacancies induce the strong electronic coupling, optimized OH−/O2 diffusion pathway and ample active sites, thus‐prepared Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4 presents a favorable OER performance with a low overpotential (261 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and small Tafel slope (39.4 mV dec−1), even surpassing commercial RuO2 catalyst. Additionally, the two‐electrode configuration water electrolyzer and rechargeable zinc‐air battery assembled by Vo‐NiO/NiFe2O4 catalyst show the potential practical application directions. This work provides an innovative avenue for strengthening OER performance toward water electrolysis and Zn‐air batteries via the interface and vacancy engineering strategy.
Approaches to Recycling of Engine Air Filters
Authors: Wilke Christian , Kaas Alexandra , Peuker Urs
Published: April 2024

It is becoming increasingly important to be able to recycle mass‐produced products such as engine air filters. Different processes were tested to investigate whether it is possible to recycle the composite material. Thereby, comminution with cutting stress is particularly suitable for disintegration. Next on, the filter medium could be separated very well with the help of a zig‐zag separator. The sorting of polyurethan foam and polypropylene hard plastic could be achieved with a dense media separation. It became clear that the pretreatment, which is intended to liberate the material, has a significant influence on the sorting result and the purity of the products.
Improvement of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Detection in Serum using Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles: Impact of Synthesis Parameters and Particle Size
Authors: Ferjaoui Zied , Liu Jianhua , Scherman Daniel , Mignet Nathalie , Richard Cyrille
Published: April 2024

Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles (PLNPs) emit prolonged light after excitation, allowing getting images with high signal‐to‐noise ratio, making them particularly beneficial for in vitro biodetection. In this study, we report the preparation of a library of gallium and zinc‐based Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles doped with chromium (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+) through two distinct syntheses conducted at 120 °C for 12 hours or 24 hours, followed by a calcination at 500 °C or 750 °C. Using centrifugation, and starting from polydisperse samples, we demonstrated the ability to achieve different sizes in a monodisperse manner. Furthermore, our research revealed that ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGO) nanoparticles react differently with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on their size, synthesis duration, and calcination temperature. We observed the most significant amplification of persistent luminescence for ZGO particles prepared at 120 °C for 12 hours and calcinated at 500 °C, with a size of approximately 100 nm, in the presence of 100 mM H2O2 (later named ZGO‐2). This study enabled the detection of H2O2 in serum without autofluorescence using the developed PLNPs, with a detection limit of up to 2.1 μM and a recovery rate of around 99 %. Additionally, we designed a glucose test for based on the responsiveness of ZGO PLNPs to H2O2. Using glucose oxidase, the glucose detection limit in serum was established around 0.13 μM, with a detection range between 0–5 μM. These findings could open new avenues to further control the size, synthesis, calcination temperature, and persistent luminescence of PLNPs, thus enhancing their utility in the development of new in vitro biosensors.
Simple Method to Assess Foam Structure and Stability using Hydrophobin and BSA as Model Systems
Authors: Krom Judith , Meister Konrad , Vilgis Thomas A.
Published: April 2024

The properties and arrangement of surface‐active molecules at air‐water interfaces influence foam stability and bubble shape. Such multiscale‐relationships necessitate a well‐conducted analysis of mesoscopic foam properties. We introduce a novel automated and precise method to characterize bubble growth, size distribution and shape based on image analysis and using the machine learning algorithm Cellpose. Studying the temporal evolution of bubble size and shape facilitates conclusions on foam stability. The addition of two sets of masks, for tiny bubbles and large bubbles, provides for a high precision of analysis. A python script for analysis of the evolution of bubble diameter, circularity and dispersity is provided in the Supporting Information. Using foams stabilized by bovine serum albumin (BSA), hydrophobin (HP), and blends thereof, we show how this technique can be used to precisely characterize foam structures. Foams stabilized by HP show a significantly increased foam stability and rounder bubble shape than BSA‐stabilized foams. These differences are induced by the different molecular structure of the two proteins. Our study shows that the proposed method provides an efficient way to analyze relevant foam properties in detail and at low cost, with higher precision than conventional methods of image analysis.
The Evolution of Drug Regulatory Sciences in the Netherlands: More than a Country Report
Authors: Pasmooij Anna M. G. , Mol Peter G. M. , Bot Jacob Cornelis , Leufkens Hubert G. M.
Published: April 2024

In the Netherlands, drug regulatory science is a vibrant national and internationally oriented community. In this review, we present the factors that have contributed to this successful collaboration between relevant stakeholders and that led to a surge of activities around how regulatory science became embedded in the ecosystem of medicines research, clinical pharmacology, policymaking and regulation. We distinguished three pivotal episodes: (i) TI Pharma Escher‐project, (ii) Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board as catalyst of the big jump, and (iii) Regulatory Science Network Netherlands and multistakeholder engagement. The research agenda has been influenced by the dynamic evolution of legal frameworks in Europe, such as the EU orphan medicines legislation of 2001 and the EU pharmacovigilance legislation of 2012. All these developments have inspired and have raised pertinent regulatory sciences questions. Furthermore, clinical pharmacology as a discipline has been very influential in shaping regulatory science, contributing to discussions on the level of clinical evidence that is necessary to justify marketing approval of a new medicine. With a growing interest of multiple parties such as academics, European Medicines Agency, national agencies, patient organizations and EFPIA, connecting regulatory science activities is key.
Developing relational resilience in the midst of conflict
Authors: Nathan Deborah
Published: April 2024

This article presents an approach to encounter group interventions in the midst of protracted, entrenched conflict, that has relational resilience as its focus. Through a constructionist grounded theory analysis, interviews with 31 alumni of the Artsbridge program from 2008 through 2019, former staff, and parents of alumni, were analyzed in order to explore how they understand their experience of the Artsbridge program and the impact it has had on their lives. This analysis of interviews led to the primary theme of relational resilience. The Artsbridge model of relational resilience will be introduced. While many programs exist that work with youth in conflict, the Artsbridge program is unique in its use of Transformative Reflecting Dialogue, artistic modalities, and collaborative art. Through decades of violence and separation, Israeli and Palestinian narratives have become negatively interdependent and mutually exclusive. Artsbridge methodology encourages the development of more inclusive narratives and an appreciation of and tolerance for complexity. The research discussed in this article suggests that encouraging the development of relational resilience may lead to more constructive and sustainable outcomes when working within communities continuing to live in the midst of intractable conflict.
Improvement in notch band characteristics of a hexagonal super wideband antenna by interfering back radiation out of phase with front radiation using frequency selective surface
Authors: Mukherjee Surajit , Roy Avisankar , Tewary Tapas , Mandal Kaushik , Sarkar Partha Pratim , Bhunia Sunandan
Published: April 2024

A band‐notched super wideband (SWB) planar monopole antenna with improved notch characteristics is proposed in this article. A hexagonal SWB antenna operating in the frequency range from 3.04 to 36 GHz is initially designed on Arlon substrate. The hexagonal patch is then loaded with optimum sized U‐shaped slot to eliminate WLAN band (5.15–5.85 GHz). The notch band's characteristics are further improved by incorporating a frequency selective surface (FSS) of a square array at a specific distance below the antenna to introduce a phase delay of 180° between the back radiation reflected by the FSS with the front radiation at the notched frequency. Improvement of notch band gain, efficiency, and antenna front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) are studied. The antenna without embedding an FSS exhibits working spectrum from 3.1 to 33.6 GHz with notch frequency gain of −2.6 dBi and efficiency 53%. The inclusion of an FSS layer at 25.2 mm behind the antenna results in notch frequency gain of −7.6 dBi with an efficiency of 23%. FBR improvement of about 16 dB is achieved at 8 GHz, and FBR is reduced by about 5 dB at the notch frequency. 169% fractional bandwidth with bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 1622 is achieved in this proposed FSS integrated antenna. The inclusion of FSS to improve the band elimination performance represents the novelty of this proposal. The data are validated by electromagnetic simulation and physical measurement techniques.
Variable intraspecific response to climate change in a medicinally important African tree species, Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) (paperbark thorn)
Authors: Jinga Percy , Manyangadze Tawanda
Published: April 2024

Climate change is predicted to disproportionately impact sub‐Saharan Africa, with potential devastating consequences on plant populations. Climate change may, however, impact intraspecific taxa differently. The aim of the study was to determine the current distribution and impact of climate change on three varieties of Vachellia sieberiana, that is, var. sieberiana, var. villosa and var. woodii. Ensemble species distribution models (SDMs) were built in “biomod2” using 66, 45, and 137 occurrence records for var. sieberiana, var. villosa, and var. woodii, respectively. The ensemble SDMs were projected to 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 under three general circulation models (GCMs) and two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The three GCMs were the Canadian Earth System Model version 5, the Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Climate Model version 6A Low Resolution, and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6. The suitable habitat of var. sieberiana predominantly occurs in the Sudanian and Zambezian phytochoria while that of var. villosa largely occurs in the Sudanian phytochorion. The suitable habitat of var. woodii mainly occurs in the Zambezian phyotochorion. There is coexistence of var. villosa and var. sieberiana in the Sudanian phytochorion while var. sieberiana and var. woodii coexist in the Zambezian phytochorion. Under SSP2‐4.5 in 2041–2060 and averaged across the three GCMs, the suitable habitat expanded by 33.8% and 119.7% for var. sieberiana and var. villosa, respectively. In contrast, the suitable habitat of var. woodii contracted by −8.4%. Similar trends were observed in 2041–2060 under SSP5‐8.5 [var. sieberiana (38.6%), var. villosa (139.0%), and var. woodii (−10.4%)], in 2081–2100 under SSP2‐4.5 [var. sieberiana (4.6%), var. villosa (153.4%), and var. woodii (−14.4%)], and in 2081–2100 under SSP5‐8.5 [var. sieberiana (49.3%), var. villosa (233.4%), and var. woodii (−30.7%)]. Different responses to climate change call for unique management and conservation decisions for the varieties.
Evolutionary trajectory of phenological escape in a flowering plant: Mechanistic insights from bidirectional avoidance of butterfly egg‐laying pressure
Authors: Davies W. James , Saccheri Ilik J.
Published: April 2024

Phenological escape, whereby species alter the timing of life‐history events to avoid seasonal antagonists, is usually analyzed either as a potential evolutionary outcome given current selection coefficients, or as a realized outcome in response to known enemies. We here gain mechanistic insights into the evolutionary trajectory of phenological escape in the brassicaceous herb Cardamine pratensis, by comparing the flowering schedules of two sympatric ecotypes in different stages of a disruptive response to egg‐laying pressure imposed by the pierid butterfly Anthocharis cardamines, whose larvae are pre‐dispersal seed predators (reducing realized fecundity by ~70%). When the focal point of highest intensity selection (peak egg‐laying) occurs early in the flowering schedule, selection for late flowering dependent on reduced egg‐laying combined with selection for early flowering dependent on reduced predator survival results in a symmetrical bimodal flowering curve; when the focal point occurs late, an asymmetrical flowering curve results with a large early flowering mode due to selection for reduced egg‐laying augmented by selection for infested plants to outrun larval development and dehisce prior to seed‐pod consumption. Unequal selection pressures on high and low fecundity ramets, due to asynchronous flowering and morphologically targeted (size‐dependent) egg‐laying, constrain phenological escape, with bimodal flowering evolving primarily in response to disruptive selection on high fecundity phenotypes. These results emphasize the importance of analyzing variation in selection coefficients among morphological phenotypes over the entire flowering schedule to predict how populations will evolve in response to altered phenologies resulting from climate change.
ZooTraits: An R shiny app for exploring animal trait data for ecological and evolutionary research
Authors: Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Milz Beatriz , Sanders Nathan J. , Reich Peter B. , Maitner Brian , Chaves Leonardo S. , Boldorini Gabriel X. , Ferreira Natália , Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Perônico Phamela Bernardes , Teresa Fabrício B. , Umaña María Natalia
Published: April 2024

Animal trait data are scattered across several datasets, making it challenging to compile and compare trait information across different groups. For plants, the TRY database has been an unwavering success for those ecologists interested in addressing how plant traits influence a wide variety of processes and patterns, but the same is not true for most animal taxonomic groups. Here, we introduce ZooTraits, a Shiny app designed to help users explore and obtain animal trait data for research in ecology and evolution. ZooTraits was developed to tackle the challenge of finding in a single site information of multiple trait datasets and facilitating access to traits by providing an easy‐to‐use, open‐source platform. This app combines datasets centralized in the Open Trait Network, raw data from the AnimalTraits database, and trait information for animals compiled by Gonçalves‐Souza et al. (2023, Ecology and Evolution 13, e10016). Importantly, the ZooTraits app can be accessed freely and provides a user‐friendly interface through three functionalities that will allow users to easily visualize, compare, download, and upload trait data across the animal tree of life—ExploreTrait, FeedTrait, and GetTrait. By using ExploreTrait and GetTrait, users can explore, compare, and extract 3954 trait records from 23,394 species centralized in the Open Traits Network, and trait data for ~2000 species from the AnimalTraits database. The app summarizes trait information for numerous taxonomic groups within the Animal Kingdom, encompassing data from diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and various geographic regions worldwide. Moreover, ZooTraits enables researchers to upload trait information, serving as a hub for a continually expanding global trait database. By promoting the centralization of trait datasets and offering a platform for data sharing, ZooTraits is facilitating advancements in trait‐based ecological and evolutionary studies. We hope that other trait databases will evolve to mirror the approach we have outlined here.