bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local disconnects in global discourses—The unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small‐scale fishers
Authors: Davis Katrina J. , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Arlidge William N.S. , Burton Michael , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Mills Morena , Milner‐Gulland E.J. , Palma‐Duque José , Romero‐de‐Diego Cristina , Gelcich Stefan
Published: September 2021

Global commitments prioritize protection of wildlife and improvements to human wellbeing. Local disconnects in these commitments are rarely acknowledged—or their implications assessed—preventing the development of effective solutions. National and international efforts to protect marine mammals along South America's west coast have contributed to species recovery, but also to conflict between sea lions and small‐scale fisheries. To understand the concerns ultimately motivating this conflict, we assessed how 301 coastal small‐scale fishers perceive their interactions with South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). We then reviewed the terrestrial human–wildlife literature to identify potential management solutions to resolve the conflict. We find that fishers are chiefly concerned with increases in sea lion populations, perceive that sea lion interactions have significantly increased over the past 80 years, and report sea lion‐driven catch and income losses of ≥26%. We propose solutions to manage conflict that are sensitive to heterogeneity among fisher groups.
δ‐Tocotrienol sensitizes and re‐sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin via induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest and ROS/MAPK‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Fontana Fabrizio , Marzagalli Monica , Raimondi Michela , Zuco Valentina , Zaffaroni Nadia , Limonta Patrizia
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Among gynaecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer (OC) represents the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Current OC treatment involves cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum‐based chemotherapy, which is associated with severe side effects and development of drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Herein, we evaluated the anti‐tumour effects of Vitamin E‐derived δ‐tocotrienol (δ‐TT) in two human OC cell lines, IGROV‐1 and SKOV‐3 cells.

Materials and Methods

MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assays were used to assess δ‐TT cytotoxicity, alone or in combination with other molecules. δ‐TT effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, ROS generation and MAPK phosphorylation were investigated by flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. The synergism between δ‐TT and chemotherapy was evaluated by isobologram analysis.

Results

We demonstrated that δ‐TT could induce cell cycle block at G1‐S phase and mitochondrial apoptosis in OC cell lines. In particular, we found that the proapoptotic activity of δ‐TT correlated with mitochondrial ROS production and subsequent JNK and p38 activation. Finally, we observed that the compound was able to synergize with cisplatin, not only enhancing its cytotoxicity in IGROV‐1 and SKOV‐3 cells but also re‐sensitizing IGROV‐1/Pt1 cell line to its anti‐tumour effects.

Conclusions

δ‐TT triggers G1 phase cell cycle arrest and ROS/MAPK‐mediated apoptosis in OC cells and sensitizes them to platinum treatment, thus representing an interesting option for novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategies for OC.
Nicotine metabolism and its association with CYP2A6 genotype among Indigenous people in Alaska who smoke
Authors: Schaefer Krista R. , Avey Jaedon P. , Todd Michael R. , Beans Julie A. , Dillard Denise A. , Shireman Laura M. , Thornton Timothy A. , Tyndale Rachel F. , Thummel Kenneth E. , Robinson Renee F. , Claw Katrina G.
Published: September 2021

Prevalence of smoking is higher in Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) populations living in Alaska than the general US population. Genetic factors contribute to smoking and cessation rates. The objective of this study was to compare CYP2A6 genetic variation and CYP2A6 enzyme activity toward nicotine in an ANAI population. ANAI (N = 151) people trying to quit smoking were recruited. DNA samples were genotyped for CYP2A6 variants *1X2A, *1B, *2, *4, *9, *10, *12, and *35. Multiple nicotine metabolites were measured in plasma and urine samples, including cotinine and 3′‐hydroxycotinine used to determine CYP2A6 activity (e.g., nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]). We calculated summary statistics for all of the genotypes and metabolites and assigned CYP2A6 activity scores based on known information. We studied the association of CYP2A6 variants with the NMR and smoking histories. The overall frequency of the CYP2A6*1B gain of function allele was high in the ANAI versus non‐ANAI populations in other studies. Both *4 null and *9 decrease of function alleles had frequencies similar to previous studies of ANAI populations. In a multivariate analysis, the genotype‐inferred CYP2A6 activity score was associated with both plasma and urine NMR (p value = 8.56E‐08 and 4.08E‐13, respectively). Plasma NMR was also associated with duration of smoking (p value < 0.01) but not urinary total nicotine equivalents uncorrected for creatinine (TNE9uc) or biological sex. Urine NMR was significantly associated (p value < 0.01) with TNE9uc. Variation in NMR in this ANAI population is explained in part by CYP2A6 genetic variation.
Pigmented epidermotropic breast cancer metastases: A rare variant with a particularly unusual feature
Authors: Torre‐Castro Juan , Moya‐Martínez Cristina , Haya‐Martínez Lara , Mendoza‐Cembranos María Dolores , Eraña‐Tomás Itziar , Requena Luis
Published: September 2021

Pigmented epidermotropic breast cancer metastases are a rarity, often clinically misdiagnosed as melanocytic lesions. Histopathologically, they show a dermal proliferation of neoplastic metastatic cells that extend to the overlying epidermis in a pattern identical to that seen in primary Paget disease (PD). Differential diagnosis should be established with entities with a similar presentation, such as pigmented mammary PD and malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemistry may be useful for this purpose. We present a new case of pigmented epidermotropic breast cancer metastases with a particularly unusual feature: the absence of dermal infiltration by neoplastic cells, thus considered as pure epidermotropic metastatic involvement.
Case of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage for symptomatic postoperative pancreatic fistula and retrieval of dislodged staples after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Tonozuka Ryosuke , Mukai Shuntaro , Itoi Takao
Published: September 2021

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Participant experiences in the Diabetes REmission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Rehackova Lucia , Rodrigues Angela Margarete , Thom George , Brosnahan Naomi , Barnes Alison C. , McCombie Louise , Leslie Wilma S. , Zhyzhneuskaya Sviatlana , Peters Carl , Adamson Ashley J. , Lean Michael E.J. , Taylor Roy , Sniehotta Falko F.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The Diabetes REmission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) has shown that sustained remission of type 2 diabetes in primary care is achievable through weight loss using total diet replacement (TDR) with continued behavioural support. Understanding participants’ experiences can help optimise the intervention, support implementation into healthcare, and understand the process of behaviour change.

Methods

Thirty‐four DiRECT participants were recruited into this embedded qualitative evaluation study. In‐person and telephone interviews were conducted before the TDR; at week 6–8 of the TDR; 2 weeks into food reintroduction (FR); and at 1 year, to learn about participant experiences with the programme. Transcribed narratives were analysed thematically, and we used interpretation to develop overarching themes.

Results

Initiation of the TDR and transition to FR were challenging and required increased behavioural support. In general, adhering to TDR proved easier than the participants had anticipated. Some participants chose the optional extension of TDR. Rapid weight loss and changes in diabetes markers provided ongoing motivation. Further weight loss, behavioural support and occasional use of TDR facilitated weight loss maintenance (WLM). A process of behaviour adaptation to change following regime disruption was identified in three stages: (1) expectations of the new, (2) overcoming difficulties with adherence, and (3) acceptance of continuous effort and establishment of routines.

Conclusions

The DiRECT intervention was acceptable and regularity, continuity, and tailoring of behavioural support was instrumental in its implementation in primary care. The adaptation process accounts for some of the individual variability of experiences with the intervention and highlights the need for programme flexibility.
Path tortuosity changes the transport cost paradigm in terrestrial animals
Authors: Wilson Rory P. , Rose Kayleigh A. R. , Metcalfe Richard S. , Holton Mark D. , Redcliffe James , Gunner Richard , Börger Luca , Loison Anne , Jezek Miloš , Painter Michael S. , Silovský Vaclav , Marks Nikki , Garel Mathieu , Toïgo C. , Marchand Pascal , Bennett N. C. , McNarry Melitta A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Brown M. Rowan , Scantlebury D. Michael
Published: September 2021

The time that animals spend travelling at various speeds and the tortuosity of their movement paths are two of the many things that affect space‐use by animals. In this, high turn rates are predicted to be energetically costly, especially at high travel speeds, which implies that animals should modulate their speed according to path characteristics. When animals move so as to maximize distance and minimize metabolic energy expenditure, they travel most efficiently at the speed that gives them a minimum cost of transport (COTmin), a well‐defined point for animals that move entirely in fluid media. Theoretical considerations show though, that land animals should travel at their maximum speed to minimize COT, which they do not, instead travelling at walking pace. So, to what extent does COTmin depend on speed and turn rate and how might this relate to movement paths? We measured oxygen consumption in humans walking along paths with varied tortuosity at defined speeds to demonstrate that the energetic costs of negotiating these paths increase disproportionately with both speed and angular velocity. This resulted in the COTmin occurring at very low speeds, and these COTmin speeds reduced with increased path tortuosity and angular velocity. Logged movement data from six free‐ranging terrestrial species underpinned this because all individuals turned with greater angular velocity the slower their travel speeds across their full speed range. It seems, therefore, that land animals may strive to achieve minimum movement costs by reducing speed with increasing path variability, providing one of many possible explanations as to why speed is much lower than currently predicted based on lab measurements of mammalian locomotor performance.
Movement of Red Shiner during a regulated, intentional surface‐flow recession
Authors: Archdeacon Thomas P. , Gonzales Eric J. , Thomas Lyle I.
Published: September 2021

Understanding how fish respond to drought and streamflow intermittency is important for designing effective conservation actions. Fish could move to refuge areas prior to intermittency, or be trapped in nearby habitats at the onset. We used mechanical pumps to simulate streamflow intermittency in the Rio Grande, New Mexico. We conducted a 5‐week before–after impact‐only experiment. We seined at 10 sites each week to observe changes in Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis abundance and distribution in a 35‐km reach. We conducted two surveys prior to any flow reduction. Next, we reduced flows each week to simulate streamflow intermittency and repeated surveys to identify changes in distribution that would suggest large‐scale movement of Red Shiner to refuge areas. During the first survey, we marked Red Shiner with elastomeric tags to observe movement. In a separate effort, we surveyed all isolated pools that formed after flow reductions for tagged Red Shiner. We observed no patterns that suggested large‐scale movement to refuge areas. Instead, numbers remained steady or increased at all sites in surveys 1 through 4 and declined sharply when sites dried. Tagged fish also supported this conclusion: dispersal models estimated 56% remained within ~0.5 km of the tagging location. We suggest Red Shiner is resilient to drought because of their opportunistic life history and potential for rapid recolonisation, rather than resistant to drought through population‐scale movements to refuge areas. Conservation actions to benefit species threatened by drought must consider the mechanisms of persistence, including both behaviour and life‐history strategy, to be effective.
Innate right in Kant—A critical reading
Authors: Flikschuh Katrin
Published: September 2021

A now influential reading of Kant's statement of innate right in the Doctrine of Right interprets it as affirming a basic right of each to freedom of choice and action. This reading treats the innate right as foundational to Kant's entire philosophy of right—all other rights are said to be derived from the innate right. I call this the ‘free choice’ reading of innate right; while it enjoys considerable intuitive appeal, it is contestable on textual and systematic grounds. I show that the free choice reading (a) conflates Kantian external freedom with liberal negative freedom and (b) that its foundationalist assumptions about innate right conflict with Kant's critical method of justification. I go on to offer an alternative interpretation of innate right as conditionally affirming subjects' capacity for legal accountability, the real possibility of which depends on that of acquired right. Far from supplying the basis of acquired right, the possibility of innate right thus depends on that of acquired right. I close with some remarks on the merits of reading Kant's innate right critically and hence, counter‐intuitively.
Timing and magnitude of climatic extremes differentially elevate mortality but enhance recovery in a fish population
Authors: Chiu Ming‐Chih , Chang Shih‐Hsun , Yen Yu‐Ting , Liao Lin‐Yan , Lin Hsing‐Juh
Published: September 2021

The countervailing effects of disturbances (e.g., high mortality and enhanced recovery) on population dynamics can occur through demographic processes under rapidly increasing climatic extremes. Across an extreme‐event gradient, we mechanistically demonstrated how dramatic changes in streamflow have affected the population persistence of endangered salmon in monsoonal Taiwan over a three‐decade period. Our modeling indicated that the dynamics of the age‐structured population were attributed to demographic processes, in which extensive mortality was characterized as a function of climatic extremes and vulnerability in the young stage of fish. In the stochastic simulations, we found that the extensive mortality and high proportion of large fish resulted from extreme flooding, which caused high values of postimpact population recovery. Our empirical evidence suggests that the magnitudes and timing of disturbance can explain the population persistence when facing climatic extremes and thereby challenges the understanding of the mechanistic drivers of these countervailing phenomena under changing environmental conditions.
Participation preferences of health service users in health care decision‐making regarding rehabilitative care in Germany—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baumann Lisa A. , Brütt Anna L.
Published: September 2021

Background

Involving patients and citizens in health care decision‐making is considered increasingly important in Germany. Participatory structures have been implemented, especially in rehabilitative care. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent German patients and citizens want to participate in decisions that exceed their own medical treatment.

Objective

This study aimed to survey participation preferences and associated factors of health service users in decisions regarding rehabilitative care at micro, meso and macro levels.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to 3872 former rehabilitants. We collected participation preferences using the Control Preference Scale or an adapted form. Possible influencing factors were examined using logistic regression models.

Results

The response rate was 5.7% (n = 217). At all decision‐making levels, joint decision‐making was preferred. At the macro level, preferences for actively participating were the highest. Preferences were significantly interrelated between decision‐making levels. At the micro level, an orthopaedic indication significantly decreased the desire for participation compared to psychosomatic indications (odds ratio = 0.44, p = .019).

Discussion

Participants wanted to be equally involved in decision‐making as experts. Higher preferences for active participation at the macro level might be due to dissatisfaction with the current health care organisation and lack of trust in politicians. Compared to the general public, our study sample was older (73.3% between 50 and 69 years) and more often chronically ill—factors associated with increased participation preferences in the literature.

Conclusion

Contrary to the identified preferences, participation opportunities in the German health care system are rare. Further research on participation preferences and structures that enable meaningful involvement are needed.
Component fraction effect on microstructure and properties of CoFe2O4−K0.5Na0.5NbO3 composites
Authors: Yeh Chi‐Chimg , Li Jhe‐Wei , Tu Guo‐Sen , Qi Xiaoding
Published: September 2021

CoFe2O4−K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (CFO−KNN) composites were sintered in air at 1100°C for 2 h. The relative density of sintered CFO−KNN varied with the KNN/CFO ratio and when the volume fraction of KNN reached 50% or more, the sintered composites had a relative density higher than both of the components (i.e., individually sintered KNN and CFO). The highest relative density (94%) was obtained with the composites of 80 vol% KNN. Transmission electron microscopy did not observe any secondary phase at the interface between CFO and KNN grains. However, elemental analyses showed traces of interdiffusion of Na, K, Co, and Fe ions, which were within the solubility limit of both lattices so that no segregation of other phase occurred. Nevertheless, the interdiffusion altered grain growth kinetics for both phases, resulting in the changes in grain sizes for both KNN and CFO in the composites. The composites of higher CFO content showed lower piezoelectric d33 due to a higher DC conductivity that resulted in an incomplete poling of samples. The attainable magnetoelectric voltage coefficient was 3.6 mV cm−1 Oe−1, which was measured with the composites of 50 vol% KNN.
Plasmapheresis: a feasible choice for bullous pemphigoid patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Cui Yu , Hu Caixia , Cheng Yi , Han Xiaomei , Wang Wenqing
Published: September 2021

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients were vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection because they have similar risk factors, so we should pay attention to patients with BP during the epidemic of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). As far as treatment is concerned, many strategies for BP were changed during the epidemic. Plasmapheresis not only has been included in the guidelines for BP but also has been used successfully to rescue COVID‐19 patients, especially in severe cases. Therefore, it is a feasible choice for BP patients, especially for refractory BP patients, infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Apart from these, we have reviewed some points for attention during the plasmapheresis session.
Comparative study of physicochemical properties of dextran and reuteran synthesised by two glucansucrases that are highly similar in amino acid sequence
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Ni Dawei , Cheng Mei , Zhu Yingying , Mu Wanmeng
Published: September 2021

Recently, lactic acid bacteria (LAB)‐derived α‐glucans have drawn strong attention owing to their various structural organisation and wide (potential) applications in the medicine, food, cosmetic, and biotechnology industries. However, the physicochemical properties of diverse α‐glucans, particularly reuteran, remain largely unknown, which significantly impedes their wider applications. This study comparatively evaluated the physicochemical properties of two different α‐glucans, Gtf‐DSM dextran, and GtfO reuteran produced by the dextransucrase Gtf‐DSM from Lactobacillus ingluviei DSM 14792 and the reuteransucrase GtfO from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, which are two glucansucrases highly similar in amino acid sequence. The surface morphology analysis demonstrated that Gtf‐DSM dextran had a holey and fissured microstructure; however, GtfO reuteran had an irregular dendritic microstructure, forming a fibrous network. Compared to GtfO reuteran, Gtf‐DSM dextran showed a larger average particle diameter (162.4 versus 90.3 nm). Additionally, Gtf‐DSM dextran displayed some prominent properties, such as better thermostability, higher apparent viscosity, and stronger gel‐forming capability, than GtfO reuteran. These results provide a theoretical basis for stimulating the applications of LAB‐derived α‐glucans in various fields.
Comorbidity‐adjusted NEWS predicts mortality in suspected patients with COVID‐19 from nursing homes: Multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martín‐Rodríguez Francisco , Sanz‐García Ancor , Melero Guijarro Laura , Ortega Guillermo J. , Gómez‐Escolar Pérez Marta , Castro Villamor Miguel A. , Santos Pastor Julio C. , Delgado Benito Juan F. , López‐Izquierdo Raúl
Published: September 2021

Aims

To assess the prognostic accuracy of comorbidity‐adjusted National Early Warning Score in suspected Coronavirus disease 2019 patients transferred from nursing homes by the Emergency Department.

Design

Multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Patients transferred by high‐priority ambulances from nursing homes to Emergency Departments with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, from March 12 to July 31 2020, were considered. Included variables were: clinical covariates (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, level of consciousness and supplemental oxygen use), the presence of comorbidities and confirmatory analytical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The primary outcome was a 2‐day mortality rate. The discriminatory capability of the National Early Warning Score was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in two different cohorts, the validation and the revalidation, which were randomly selected from the main cohort.

Results

A total of 337 nursing homes, 10 advanced life support units, 51 basic life support units and 8 hospitals in Spain entailing 1,324 patients (median age 87 years) was involved in this study. Two‐day mortality was 11.5% (152 cases), with a positivity rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of 51.2%, 77.7% of hospitalization from whom 1% was of intensive care unit admission. The National Early Warning Score results for the revalidation cohort presented an AUC of 0.771, and of 0.885, 0.778 and 0.730 for the low‐, medium‐ and high‐level groups of comorbidities.

Conclusion

The comorbidity‐adjusted National Early Warning Score provides a good short‐term prognostic criterion, information that can help in the decision‐making process to guide the best strategy for each older adult, under the current pandemic.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

Under the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, targeting older adults at high risk of deterioration in nursing homes remains challenging.

What were the main findings?

Comorbidity‐adjusted National Early Warning Score helps to forecast the risk of clinical deterioration more accurately.

Where and on whom will the research have impact?

A high NEWS, with a low level of comorbidity is associated with optimal predictive performance, making these older adults likely to benefit from continued follow up and potentially hospital referral under the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Incursions of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in Labrador waters: Episodic events or evidence of a northward range expansion?
Authors: Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Cote David , Pretty Christina , Townley Joseph , Poole Rebecca , Dempson Brian , Bird Tomas J. , Kippenhuck Charlene , Morris Corey
Published: September 2021

We describe observations of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) incursions into Labrador, Canada. While P. marinus have been periodically observed in similar latitudes, their numbers have conspicuously increased in estuarine environments in 2020. In contrast, M. saxatilis were not observed from Labrador until 2017 but appear to be declining after the initial surge in abundance that peaked in 2018. It remains unclear whether spawning populations of either species exist. Given the potential to negatively affect species of commercial and cultural importance through predation, follow‐up surveys are warranted.
Specific immunity proteomic profile of the skin mucus of Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamatus and Notothenia coriiceps
Authors: Huang Shaojun , Jia Ruonan , Hu Ruiqin , Zhai Wanying , Jiang Shouwen , Li Wenhao , Wang Faxiang , Xu Qianghua
Published: September 2021

The white‐blooded Antarctic icefish is the only known vertebrate lacking oxygen‐transporting haemoglobins. Fish skin mucus, as the first line of defence against pathogens, can reflect fish welfare. In this study, we analysed the skin mucus proteome profiles of the two Antarctic fish species, the white‐blooded Antarctic icefish, Chionodraco hamatus, and the red‐blooded Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps, unfolding the different proteins by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. Of the 4444 totally identified proteins, 227 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in the comparison between C. hamatus and N. coriiceps, of which 121 were upregulated and 106 were downregulated in the icefish. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation, we found two pathways “Legionellosis” and “Complement and coagulation cascades” were significantly enriched, among of which innate immune candidate proteins such as C3, CASP1, ASC, F3 and C9 were significantly upregulated, suggesting their important roles in C. hamatus immune system. Additionally, the DEP protein–protein interaction network analysis and “Response to stress” GO category provided candidate biomarkers for deep understanding of the distinct immune response of the two Antarctic fish underlying the cold adaptation.
Rates of skincare product and cosmetic procedure use in patients with acne vulgaris and the effective factors: A multicenter study with 1,755 patients
Authors: Aslan Kayıran Melek , Karadağ Ayşe Serap , Alyamaç Gökçen , Çevirgen Cemil Bengü , Demirseren Düriye Deniz , Taş Demircan Yuhanize , Aksoy Hasan , Kılıç Sevilay , Kara Polat Asude , İnan Yüksel Esma , Kalkan Göknur , Elibüyük Aksaç Sema , Kutlu Ömer , Altıntaş Kakşi Sümeyye , Şikar Aktürk Aysun , Özkök Akbulut Tuğba , Sarıkaya Solak Sezgi , Oğuz Topal İlteriş , Yazıcı Serkan , Kaya Özden Hatice , Koska Mahmut Can , Uzunçakmak Tuğba Kevser , Ataseven Arzu , Işık Begüm , Alpsoy Erkan
Published: September 2021

Background

Skincare products and cosmetic procedures are used as an adjunct or complementary to conventional drug therapy for acne vulgaris (AV).

Objective

To evaluate the use of skincare products and the frequency of cosmetic procedures in AV treatment.

Methods

A total of 1,755 patients with AV completed the survey prepared by the researchers and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) questionnaire. The clinical findings and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) severity scores were recorded by the dermatologists.

Results

For AV, 66.7% of the patients stated that they used skincare products and 26.7% had undergone cosmetic procedures. The use of skincare products was statistically significantly higher in women (female: 74.5%, male: 57.7%, p < 0.0001); older people (users: 22 ± 7.6years, non‐users: 21.2 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.0001); patients with a higher CADI score (users: 7 ± 3.7, non‐users: 6.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.010); FDA severity score 2 and 3 (FDA‐1: 58.1%; FDA‐2: 72.4%, FDA‐3: 73%, FDA‐4: 67%, p < 0.0001); long‐term disease (users: 57 ± 43 months; non‐users: 47.7 ± 42.3 months, p < 0.0001); facial involvement (present: 70.2%, absent: 51.4%, p = 0.017); high income levels (users: 73.5%; non‐users: 26.5%, p = 0.001); and graduate or post‐graduate degrees (undergraduate≤%62.8, graduate≥%76.8, p < 0.0001). The rate of cosmetic procedures was higher in those with higher CADI scores (users: 7.8 ± 3.8; non‐users: 7.1 ± 3.96, p < 0.0001); older patients (users: 22.7 ± 10.7 years; non‐users: 21.3 ± 5 years, p < 0.0001); high school (25.6%); and graduate (28.9%) education (p = 0.043), those with lower disease severity (FDA‐1: 31.1%; FDA‐2: 28.5%, FDA‐3: 27.1%, FDA‐4: 20.4%, p = 0.022); smokers (smokers: 32.5%; non‐smokers: 25.5%, p = 0.020), and those with AV in the family (present: 29.8%; absent: 24.2%, p = 0.009). The patients most frequently used cleansers (85.2%) as cosmetic products, and most commonly underwent skincare treatment (71%) as an interventional procedure. They mostly learned about such products and methods from the Internet, and 33.3% of the participants had undergone procedures performed by non‐physicians.

Conclusion

The patients generally choose skincare products as a result of their Internet search and sometimes have these procedures performed by non‐physicians. Dermatologists should be aware of this situation and inform their patients about appropriate products and procedures.
Bibliometric analysis of the effects of ginseng on skin
Authors: Meng Hong , Liu Xin‐Ke , Li Jia‐Rui , Bao Tu‐ya , Yi Fan
Published: September 2021

Objective

Ginseng is widely used in cosmetics and skin care. The progress of research on the effect of ginseng on the skin was explored through a summary and analysis of skin‐related studies on ginseng conducted over in the past 20 years, and this exploration aimed to elucidate new research opportunities with regard to the development and application of ginseng treatments for the skin.

Materials and methods

Keywords were used to retrieve human studies related to the use of ginseng to treat skin conditions from the Web of Science. Scientometric analyses were performed in R to analyze the studies on the human skin‐related effects of ginseng conducted from 2000 to 2019.

Results

The main active ingredient in ginseng is ginsenoside, and its effects on the skin are mostly anti‐aging and whitening. Ginseng extract regulates the levels of matrix metalloproteinases in human fibroblast type I collagen to improve the elasticity and water content of skin. In addition, ginseng inhibits the transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in the formation of melanin, it exerts a whitening effect. The authors of the retrieved studies are mostly located in Asia, mainly South Korea and China. Wang Y, Kim JH, and Kim YJ are relatively influential scholars, these ginseng‐related articles published in the Journal of Ginseng Research, Molecules and other journals are very important in this field.

Conclusion

This study shows the development of trends in research on ginseng as a raw cosmetic material used on the skin and thus enables researchers to rapidly understand the key information in the field of ginseng research, comprehend the research directions, and improve their research efficiency.
Currency Mispricing and Dealer Balance Sheets
Authors: CENEDESE GINO , DELLA CORTE PASQUALE , WANG TIANYU
Published: September 2021

We find dealer‐level evidence that recent regulation on the leverage ratio requirement causes deviations from covered interest parity. Our analysis uses a unique data set of currency derivatives with disclosed counterparty identities together with exogenous variation introduced by the U.K. leverage ratio framework. Dealers who are affected by the regulatory shock charge an additional premium of about 20 basis points per annum for synthetic dollar funding relative to unaffected dealers. This finding holds even after controlling for changes in clients' demand. Also, some clients increase their trading activity with unaffected dealers with whom they already had a preexisting relationship.
Inequality Aversion, Populism, and the Backlash against Globalization
Authors: PÁSTOR ĽUBOŠ , VERONESI PIETRO
Published: September 2021

Motivated by the recent rise of populism in Western democracies, we develop a tractable equilibrium model in which a populist backlash emerges endogenously in a strong economy. In the model, voters dislike inequality, especially the high consumption of “elites.” Economic growth exacerbates inequality due to heterogeneity in preferences , which leads to heterogeneity in returns on capital. In response to rising inequality, voters optimally elect a populist promising to end globalization. Equality is a luxury good. Countries with more inequality, higher financial development, and trade deficits are more vulnerable to populism, both in the model and in the data.
Assessment of hepatic involvement by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Yavuz Sibel , Pişkin Ferhat C , Oktay Cemil , Tümgör Gökhan
Published: September 2021

Aim

This study aimed to investigate parenchymal changes in the liver in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to analyse diagnostic performance of two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) for the detection of hepatic involvement.

Methods

Patients with CF treated and followed at our centre were evaluated prospectively. All patients underwent liver tissue stiffness (TS) measurements by 2D‐SWE, in addition to routine clinical assessments, laboratory work‐up and abdominal ultrasound imaging. Data from patients with CF were compared with healthy control subjects.

Results

This study included 39 patients with CF and 37 healthy controls. Patients had a mean body weight of 29.9 (16.6–55) kg, mean age of 9 (5–17) years, mean height of 130 (107–172) cm and a mean body mass index of 16.1 (12.8–21.4) kg/m2. Average SWE values of the liver were 1.02 (0.70–1.60) m/s in patients with CF (n = 39) and 0.89 (0.60–1.35) m/s in healthy controls (n = 37). Cystic fibrosis patients had significantly increased tissue stifness by liver elastography compared to controls (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Parenchymal liver changes may occur early in cystic fibrosis, which cannot be detected by conventional ultrasonography but may be demonstrated by 2D‐SWE. Based on this cross‐sectional study, 2D‐SWE may be a promising, simple and non‐invasive modality for objective monitoring of patients with cystic fibrosis who require lifelong follow‐up, by providing numerical data for tissue stiffness early in the disease.
Effects of malic or citric acid on the fermentation quality, proteolysis and lipolysis of alfalfa silage ensiled at two dry matter contents
Authors: Ke Wencan , Ding Zitong , Li Fuhou , Xu Dongmei , Bai Jie , Muhammad Ishaq , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Liansheng , Guo Xusheng
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the effects of two organic acids on the fermentation of alfalfa silages at different dry matter (DM) contents. Alfalfa was wilted to DM contents of 30% (moderately low) and 38% (normal) and ensiled without additives (control) or treated with 0.6% fresh matter DL‐malic acid (MA) or 0.6% fresh matter citric acid (CA) for 60 days. After ensiling, silages with a normal DM were higher in pH, water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and DM loss (p < 0.05) when compared to silages ensiled at a moderately low DM. The higher DM content also limited proteolysis in silages indicated by lower concentrations of ammonia N (NH3‐N). Compared with the control group, MA and CA‐treated silages had lower pH, lower concentrations of acetic acid and NH3‐N but higher concentrations of lactic acid. The addition of MA and CA reduced DM losses in silages when compared to the control group except for MA‐treated silage at a moderately low DM in which only numerically lower DM loss was observed. Malic acid and CA also resulted in a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in silages with a moderately low DM. Including MA and CA could promote silage fermentation, limit proteolysis and lipolysis at the lower and medium‐to‐high end of DM contents in alfalfa silages.
Ventral acetabular augmentation for management of caudoventral luxation following total hip replacement in dogs
Authors: Chantziaras V. , Pink J. , Kulendra E. , Easter T. G. , Bilmont A. , Gemmill T. J.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To report ventral acetabular augmentation with an internal fixator for management of caudoventral luxation following total hip replacement in dogs and to report clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Clinical records from three UK‐based referral hospitals were reviewed retrospectively between 2010 and 2020 to identify dogs with caudoventral hip luxation managed by ventral acetabular augmentation. Hip prosthesis component orientation was radiographically assessed to identify potential risk factors associated with the luxation. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at short‐term (≤12 weeks) and long‐term (>12 months) follow‐up and all complications were recorded. A standardised owner telephone questionnaire was used to assess long‐term outcomes when a clinical assessment was unavailable.

Results

Nine dogs were included. Risk factors contributing to the luxation could not be defined. Implants used included a string‐of‐pearls plate (6/9), a polyaxial locking plate combined with a polyethylene implant (1/9) or a polyethylene implant alone (2/9). Complications occurred in two of nine dogs, including recurrent luxation and femoral stem loosening; both dogs had received a polyethylene implant alone, of which one received explantation of the hip prosthesis. Median long‐term follow‐up was 39 months (range 13.5–62). Seven dogs who received a ventral acetabular plate achieved full function of the operated limb and the overall outcome was good for eight dogs. Follow‐up radiographs revealed stable hip prostheses in dogs who received a ventral plate, with the longest assessment at 37 months postoperatively. Owner satisfaction was good for all cases.

Clinical Significance

Ventral acetabular augmentation can successfully manage caudoventral luxation following total hip replacement in dogs.
Late presentation for HCV care: Time to target people with diabetes and/or hazardous alcohol use (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort)
Authors: Santos Melina , Protopopescu Camelia , Delarocque‐Astagneau Elizabeth , Bourlière Marc , Petrov‐Sanchez Ventizlava , Di Beo Vincent , Larrey Dominique , Baudoin Maël , Dorival Céline , Bureau Morgane , Fontaine Hélène , Carrat Fabrice , Marcellin Fabienne , Pol Stanislas , Carrieri Patrizia ,   the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER study group
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

Late presentation for care of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection – defined as having severe liver fibrosis when first consulting a specialist for HCV care – increases morbidity and mortality. Identifying the socio‐behavioural correlates of late presentation is essential to improve HCV strategies to optimize HCV cascade of care. We investigated clinical and socio‐behavioural correlates of late presentation for care in HCV mono‐infected individuals.

Methods

This study included chronic HCV mono‐infected patients participating in the French national cohort ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, starting in 2012. The correlates of late presentation were estimated using a Heckman probit selection model, which takes into account the possible selection bias because of missing data in the outcome.

Results

Among the 9174 study patients, 1236 had available data on liver fibrosis stage at first presentation for HCV care. Of these, 591 (47.8%) were late presenters. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex and HCV genotype, having diabetes (adjusted coefficient [95% confidence interval]: 0.55 [0.30; 0.80]), current hazardous alcohol use (0.36 [0.03; 0.69]) and current abstinence but past hazardous alcohol use (0.42 [0.19; 0.64]) (vs. current abstinence and no past hazardous use) were all independently associated with late presentation for HCV care.

Conclusions

As late presentation severely affects HCV cascade of care, our findings bring important new evidence about the need to promptly identify and target people with diabetes and/or past or current hazardous alcohol use for HCV screening and treatment within the wider context of the WHO goal to eliminate HCV by 2030.
Constituency Size and Evaluations of Government
Authors: Bowen Daniel
Published: September 2021

This article examines the relationship between legislative constituency size and opinions about the US state government. I show that over the course of US history, the states have disconnected the size of their legislatures from population change, resulting in a growing constituency size in nearly every state. I argue that because district size structures the nature of constituent–legislator interaction and levels of district heterogeneity, size influences the effectiveness of legislator efforts to build trust and support, resulting in more negative evaluations of representative government. Using a unique data set of nine Pew Research Center public opinion polls on favorable opinions of US state governments from 1997 to 2012, I find that constituency size is indeed associated with more negative evaluations. This relationship cannot be explained by other probable causes like legislative professionalism, partisanship, opinions about the federal government, or population size alone. Legislative institutions appear to moderate how residents experience and evaluate state government.
LINC01123 potentially correlates with radioresistance in glioma through the miR‐151a/CENPB axis
Authors: Tian Weicheng , Zhang Yingying , Liu Hairui , Jin Haiguo , Sun Tao
Published: September 2021

Radiotherapy represents the most effective nonsurgical therapy, whereas acquired radioresistance remains a major challenge in glioma treatment. Deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is frequently involved in tumorigenesis. This study investigates the role of LINC01123 in radioresistance in glioma with molecules involved. LINC01123 was identified as the most upregulated gene in a glioma gene expression dataset GSE103227. LINC01123 was highly expressed in the radioresistant glioma tissues radioresistant glioma U251 (U251R) cells. Downregulation of LINC01123 reduced cell proliferation and colony formation abilities, as well as resistance to apoptosis of the U251R cells after 4 Gy X‐ray irradiation. The micro(mi)RNA‐151a gene (miR‐151a) was a poorly expressed miRNA in glioma, and it was a target of LINC01123. The centromere protein B gene (CENPB) mRNA was a direct target of miR‐151a and demonstrated a positive correlation with LINC01123 in glioma tissues and cells. Further inhibition of miR‐151a or overexpression of CENPB restored radioresistance of glioma cells. In addition, silencing of LINC01123 suppressed growth of xenograft tumors formed by U251R cells in nude mice. To conclude, the present study demonstrates that LINC01123 serves as a sponge for miR‐151a and upregulates CENPB expression to increase the radioresistance of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Impact of blended learning on manual defibrillator's use: A simulation‐based randomized trial
Authors: Siebert Johan N. , Glangetas Alban , Grange Marine , Haddad Kevin , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Lacroix Laurence
Published: September 2021

Background

Blended learning, defined as the combination of traditional face‐to‐face instructor‐led learning and e‐learning course, has never been validated as a teaching method for the effective use of manual defibrillators in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Aim

To evaluate whether paediatric emergency and critical care providers exposed to a blended learning session performed better and recalled more defibrillator skills than those exposed to face‐to‐face learning only.

Study design

A two‐period prospective, stratified, single‐centre, simulation‐based, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods

Registered nurses and postgraduate residents from either a paediatric emergency department or an intensive care unit were randomly assigned to a blended learning or face‐to‐face learning sessions on the recommended use of a manual defibrillator. Participants' adherence to recommendations was assessed by testing defibrillator skills in three consecutive paediatric cardiopulmonary scenarios performed on the day of the training and once again 2 months later. The primary endpoint was the number of errors observed during defibrillation, cardioversion, and transcutaneous pacing at the time of the initial intervention.

Results

Fifty participants were randomized to receive the intervention and 51 to the control group. When pooling all three procedures, the median total errors per participant was lower (2 [IQR: 1‐4]) in providers exposed to blended learning than in those exposed to face‐to‐face learning only (3 [IQR: 2‐5]; P = .06). The median of total errors per procedure was also lower. However, both training methods appeared insufficient to maintain appropriate skill retention over time as a repetition of procedures 2 months later without any refresher learning session yielded more errors in both groups.

Conclusions

Learners exposed to blended learning showed a reduced number in the total amount of errors compared with those exposed to face‐to‐face learning alone, with waning of skills over time.

Relevance to clinical practice

Proficiently teaching the use of a manual defibrillator can be performed through blended learning.
Permanent His‐bundle pacing using distal His‐bundle electrogram‐guided approach in patients with atrioventricular block
Authors: Suga Kazumasa , Kato Hiroyuki , Inden Yasuya , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Murakami Hisashi , Kada Kenji , Tsuboi Naoya , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2021

Background

Permanent His‐bundle pacing (HBP) is effective and safe; however, the success rate of HBP is low, especially in patients with infranodal block. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of HBP implantation using an electrophysiological guided approach targeting a distal His‐bundle electrogram (HBE) in patients with atrioventricular block (AVB).

Methods

Thirty‐four consecutive patients with AVB (infranodal block in 28 patients) who underwent HBP were enrolled. During implantation, we attempted to target the distal part of the HBE (distal HBE) beyond the block site based on unipolar mapping. The His‐capture threshold was evaluated for 1 year after implantation.

Results

HBP was achieved in 26 patients and in 21 patients (75%) with infranodal block. Detection of distal HBE was significantly higher in the successful HBP group than in the HBP failure group (65.4% vs. 0%, p = .001). Among 15 patients with intra‐Hisian block, 14 patients (93%) successfully achieved HBP with distal HBE detection. During the 1‐year follow‐up period, an increase in His‐capture threshold by ≥1.0 V at 1.0 ms occurred in five (19.2%) of 26 patients. The increased His‐capture threshold group exhibited significantly less detection of distal HBE (20% vs. 76.2%; odds ratio 0.078, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.87, p = .038) and a higher His‐capture threshold at implantation (2.0 ± 1.1 V vs. 1.1 ± 0.9 V; odds ratio 1.702, 95% confidence interval 1.025–2.825, p = 0.04) than the non‐increased His‐capture threshold group.

Conclusion

HBP implantation guided by distal HBE approach may be feasible with subsequent stable pacing in patients with intra‐Hisian and atrioventricular nodal block.