bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency noise induced by cation exchange fluctuation on the wall of silicon nitride nanopore
Authors: Matsui Kazuma , Goto Yusuke , Yanagi Itaru , Akahori Rena , Fujioka Michiru , Ishida Takeshi , Yokoi Takahide , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Takeda Ken-ichi
Published: May 2020

Nanopore-based biosensors have attracted attention as highly sensitive microscopes for detecting single molecules in aqueous solutions. However, the ionic current noise through a nanopore degrades the measurement accuracy. In this study, the magnitude of the low-frequency noise in the ionic current through a silicon nitride nanopore was found to change depending on the metal ion species in the aqueous solution. The order of the low-frequency noise magnitudes of the alkali metal ionic current was consistent with the order of the adsorption affinities of the metal ions for the silanol surface of the nanopore (Li <Na <K < Rb <Cs). For the more adsorptive alkaline earth metal ions (Mg and Ca), the low-frequency noise magnitudes were as low as those for Li ions. This tendency, i.e., metal ions having a very high or low adsorption affinity causing a reduction in low-frequency noise, suggests that the low-frequency noise was induced by the exchange reactions between protons and metal ions occurring on the silanol surface. In addition, the low-frequency noise in the ionic current remained low even after replacing the CaCl2 aqueous solution with a CsCl aqueous solution, indicating that Ca ions continued being adsorbed onto silanol groups even after removing the aqueous solution.
On the use of a continuous thrust to find bounded planar trajectories at given altitudes in Low Earth Orbits
Authors: de Almeida Allan Kardec , Piñeros Jhonathan Orlando Murcia , Prado Antonio Fernando Bertachini de Alme
Published: May 2020

In this work, it is shown how a spacecraft equipped with a thrust and subjected to a drag force can be bounded at specific altitudes as function of the parameters of the thrust. It is used nonlinear dynamics tools to find attractors, which bound the motion of the spacecraft. For a specific set of parameters of the thrust, the spacecraft is bounded to a given altitude. Several forms for the thrusts are proposed in order to bound the altitude of the spacecraft. The influence of several forms of perturbations in the altitude of the spacecraft is also investigated in this work, like the solar radiation pressure, gravity of the Moon and oblateness of the Earth. Finally, nonlinear dynamics tools are also used to investigate transfers among the bounded orbits in different altitudes.
Hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in the community very elderly in Chengdu
Authors: Huang Gang , Xu Junbo , Zhang Tingjie , Cai Lin , Liu Hanxiong , Yu Xiuqiong , Wu Jing
Published: May 2020

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular metabolic diseases. However, in the very elderly, the relationship between hyperuricemia and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not yet clear. This study was aimed to investigate the potential association between hyperuricemia and MetS in community very elderly in Chengdu. In this cross-sectional study, 1056 very elderly in the community were enrolled. Serum uric acid (SUA), fast plasma glucose, triglycerides and high–density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and then MetS components were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors for MetS in the very elderly. Finally, 1035 participants were included in analysis whose ages ranged between 80 and 100 with a mean age of 83.6 ± 3.4 years. The mean SUA level was 356.2 ± 95.0 µmol/L. The estimated prevalence of MetS in the very elderly was 25.0% vs. 21.6% (international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria vs. Chinese guideline), which was significantly higher for women (IDF criteria:17.3% in men vs 33.6% in women, p < 0.001). Logistic regression has found that participants with hyperuricemia (SUA level > 416 µmol/L in men and > 357 µmol/L in women) had a higher risk (IDF criteria: odds ratio (OR): 2.136, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.525–2.993, p < 0.001. Chinese guideline: OR: 1.769, 95%CI: 1.249–2.503, p = 0.001) of MetS in very elderly Chinese. MetS is common in the community of very elderly Chinese in Chengdu. Hyperuricemia is associated with MetS in general very elderly and lifestyle changing should also be considered in the very elderly.
Interactive effect of sleep duration and sleep quality on risk of stroke: An 8-year follow-up study in China
Authors: Ji Ailing , Lou Heqing , Lou Peian , Xu Chunrong , Zhang Pan , Qiao Cheng , Yang Qing
Published: May 2020

Inappropriate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with risk of stroke, but their interactive effect on stroke is unknown. We explored the interactive effect of sleep quality and duration on stroke risk. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 41,786 adults. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration was measured by average hours of sleep per night. Cox regression models were used to calculate the association of sleep duration and quality with stroke. The delta method and a non-conditional logistic regression model were used and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion (AP), and the synergy index (S) were calculated. Compared with sleep duration 6–8 h/day, the risk ratio of stroke was 1.63 (1.23–2.11) times for sleep duration <6 h/day and 1.40 (1.08–1.75) times for >8 h/day. The stroke risk ratio was 2.37 (1.52–3.41) times in subjects with poor sleep quality compared with those with good sleep quality. Women who slept <6 h/day had higher stroke risk than men who slept <6 h/day. Men who slept >8 h/day had higher stroke risk than women who slept >8 h/day. Men with poor sleep quality had higher stroke risk than women with poor sleep quality. Stroke was associated with short/long sleep duration and poor sleep quality in subjects aged >46 years, compared with those aged 18–45 years. Stroke occurred more frequently in subjects with poor sleep quality combined with short sleep duration (odds ratio: 6.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.45–14.12). RERI, AP, and S values (and their 95% CIs) were 5.54 (3.75–8.12), 0.72 (0.56–0.80), and 5.69 (4.23–9.90) for the poor sleep quality interact with short sleep duration. In persons with poor sleep quality accompanied by long sleep duration, RERI, AP, and S (95% CI) were 1.12 (1.01–1.27), 0.35 (0.26–0.51), and 2.05 (1.57–2.96), respectively. Subjective sleep disturbances are related with risk of stroke in Chinese adults. There are additive interactions between short/long sleep duration and poor sleep quality that affect risk of stroke.
Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by the novel compound FSL0260 enhances high salinity-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sako Kaori , Futamura Yushi , Shimizu Takeshi , Matsui Akihiro , Hirano Hiroyuki , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Muroi Makoto , Aono Harumi , Tanaka Maho , Honda Kaori , Shimizu Kenshirou , Kawatani Makoto , Nakano Takeshi , Osada Hiroyuki , Noguchi Ko , Seki Motoaki
Published: May 2020

Chemical priming is an attractive and promising approach to improve abiotic stress tolerance in a broad variety of plant species. We screened the RIKEN Natural Products Depository (NPDepo) chemical library and identified a novel compound, FSL0260, enhancing salinity-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Through transcriptome analysis using A. thaliana seedlings, treatment of FSL0260 elevated an alternative respiration pathway in mitochondria that modulates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). From comparison analysis, we realized that the alternative respiration pathway was induced by treatment of known mitochondrial inhibitors. We confirmed that known inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, such as rotenone and piericidin A, also enhanced salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated that FSL0260 binds to complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits its activity, suggesting that inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activates an alternative respiration pathway resulting in reduction of ROS accumulation and enhancement of tolerance to salinity in plants. Furthermore, FSL0260 preferentially inhibited plant mitochondrial complex I rather than a mammalian complex, implying that FSL0260 has a potential to be an agent for improving salt-stress tolerance in agriculture that is low toxicity to humans.
Improving lifespan automation for Caenorhabditis elegans by using image processing and a post-processing adaptive data filter
Authors: Puchalt Joan Carles , Sánchez-Salmerón Antonio-José , Ivorra Eugenio , Genovés Martínez Salvador , Martínez Roberto , Martorell Guerola Patricia
Published: May 2020

Automated lifespan determination for C. elegans cultured in standard Petri dishes is challenging. Problems include occlusions of Petri dish edges, aggregation of worms, and accumulation of dirt (dust spots on lids) during assays, etc. This work presents a protocol for a lifespan assay, with two image-processing pipelines applied to different plate zones, and a new data post-processing method to solve the aforementioned problems. Specifically, certain steps in the culture protocol were taken to alleviate aggregation, occlusions, contamination, and condensation problems. This method is based on an active illumination system and facilitates automated image sequence analysis, does not need human threshold adjustments, and simplifies the techniques required to extract lifespan curves. In addition, two image-processing pipelines, applied to different plate zones, were employed for automated lifespan determination. The first image-processing pipeline was applied to a wall zone and used only pixel level information because worm size or shape features were unavailable in this zone. However, the second image-processing pipeline, applied to the plate centre, fused information at worm and pixel levels. Simple death event detection was used to automatically obtain lifespan curves from the image sequences that were captured once daily throughout the assay. Finally, a new post-processing method was applied to the extracted lifespan curves to filter errors. The experimental results showed that the errors in automated counting of live worms followed the Gaussian distribution with a mean of 2.91% and a standard deviation of ±12.73% per Petri plate. Post-processing reduced this error to 0.54 ± 8.18% per plate. The automated survival curve incurred an error of 4.62 ± 2.01%, while the post-process method reduced the lifespan curve error to approximately 2.24 ± 0.55%.
A new concept for the genesis of felsic magma: the separation of slab-derived supercritical liquid
Authors: Taniuchi Hajime , Kuritani Takeshi , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Nakamura Eizo , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2020

Felsic magmas produced at subduction zones have played an important role in the generation and evolution of the continental crust. For the origin of felsic magmas, processes such as fractional crystallization of mafic magmas, partial melting of crustal materials, partial melting of subducting slabs, and partial melting of pyroxenitic mantle wedge components have been proposed. Recent experimental studies have predicted that felsic melt can also be produced in the mantle wedge by the separation of slab-derived supercritical liquid beyond depths corresponding to the critical point. To date, however, the presence of felsic magma of this origin has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated dacitic lavas and preceding calc-alkaline andesite lavas from the Rishiri Volcano, located at the rear of the Kuril arc. We show that hydrous felsic melt and aqueous fluid were separated from slab-derived supercritical liquid in the mantle wedge. The former erupted as dacitic magma whilst the aqueous fluid induced the generation of primary basaltic magma involved in creating calc-alkaline andesite magma. We infer that slab-derived supercritical liquid is an efficient transport medium for moving silicate-rich components from subducting slabs to the Earth’s surface, and that this process may have contributed to the growth of the continental crust.
Evolutionary analyses reveal independent origins of gene repertoires and structural motifs associated to fast inactivation in calcium-selective TRPV channels
Authors: Flores-Aldama Lisandra , Vandewege Michael W. , Zavala Kattina , Colenso Charlotte K. , Gonzalez Wendy , Brauchi Sebastian E. , Opazo Juan C.
Published: May 2020

Essential for calcium homeostasis, TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium-selective channels belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) gene family. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of these channels to add an evolutionary context to the already available physiological information. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that paralogs found in mammals, sauropsids, amphibians, and chondrichthyes, are the product of independent duplication events in the ancestor of each group. Within amniotes, we identified a traceable signature of three amino acids located at the amino-terminal intracellular region. The signature correlates with both the duplication events and the phenotype of fast inactivation observed in mammalian TRPV6 channels. Electrophysiological recordings and mutagenesis revealed that the signature sequence modulates the phenotype of fast inactivation in all clades of vertebrates but reptiles. A transcriptome analysis showed a change in tissue expression from gills, in marine vertebrates, to kidneys in terrestrial vertebrates. Our results highlight a cytoplasmatic structural triad composed by the Helix-Loop-Helix domain, the S2-S3 linker, and the TRP domain helix that is important on modulating the activity of calcium-selective TRPV channels.
Field evaluation of a Pan-Lassa rapid diagnostic test during the 2018 Nigerian Lassa fever outbreak
Authors: Boisen Matthew L. , Uyigue Eghosa , Aiyepada John , Siddle Katherine J. , Oestereich Lisa , Nelson Diana K. S. , Bush Duane J. , Rowland Megan M. , Heinrich Megan L. , Eromon Philomena , Kayode Adeyemi T. , Odia Ikponmwosa , Adomeh Donatus I. , Muoebonam Ekene B. , Akhilomen Patience , Okonofua Grace , Osiemi Blessing , Omoregie Omigie , Airende Michael , Agbukor Jacqueline , Ehikhametalor Solomon , Aire Chris Okafi , Duraffour Sophie , Pahlmann Meike , Böhm Wiebke , Barnes Kayla G. , Mehta Samar , Momoh Mambu , Sandi John Demby , Goba Augustine , Folarin Onikepe A. , Ogbaini-Emovan Ephraim , Asogun Danny A. , Tobin Ekaete A. , Akpede George O. , Okogbenin Sylvanus A. , Okokhere Peter O. , Grant Donald S. , Schieffelin John S. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Günther Stephan , Happi Christian T. , Branco Luis M. , Garry Robert F.
Published: May 2020

Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease. LF is endemic in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and other West African countries. Diagnosis of LASV infection is challenged by the genetic diversity of the virus, which is greatest in Nigeria. The ReLASV Pan-Lassa Antigen Rapid Test (Pan-Lassa RDT) is a point-of-care, in vitro diagnostic test that utilizes a mixture of polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant nucleoproteins of representative strains from the three most prevalent LASV lineages (II, III and IV). We compared the performance of the Pan-LASV RDT to available quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays during the 2018 LF outbreak in Nigeria. For patients with acute LF (RDT positive, IgG/IgM negative) during initial screening, RDT performance was 83.3% sensitivity and 92.8% specificity when compared to composite results of two qPCR assays. 100% of samples that gave Ct values below 22 on both qPCR assays were positive on the Pan-Lassa RDT. There were significantly elevated case fatality rates and elevated liver transaminase levels in subjects whose samples were RDT positive compared to RDT negative.
Inferring Virus-Host relationship between HPV and its host Homo sapiens using protein interaction network
Authors: Farooq Qurat ul Ain , Shaukat Zeeshan , Zhou Tong , Aiman Sara , Gong Weikang , Li Chunhua
Published: May 2020

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a serious threat to human life globally with over 100 genotypes including cancer causing high risk HPVs. Study on protein interaction maps of pathogens with their host is a recent trend in ‘omics’ era and has been practiced by researchers to find novel drug targets. In current study, we construct an integrated protein interaction map of HPV with its host human in Cytoscape and analyze it further by using various bioinformatics tools. We found out 2988 interactions between 12 HPV and 2061 human proteins among which we identified MYLK, CDK7, CDK1, CDK2, JAK1 and 6 other human proteins associated with multiple viral oncoproteins. The functional enrichment analysis of these top-notch key genes is performed using KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology analysis, which reveals that the gene set is enriched in cell cycle a crucial cellular process, and the second most important pathway in which the gene set is involved is viral carcinogenesis. Among the viral proteins, E7 has the highest number of associations in the network followed by E6, E2 and E5. We found out a group of genes which is not targeted by the existing drugs available for HPV infections. It can be concluded that the molecules found in this study could be potential targets and could be used by scientists in their drug design studies.
Application of Raman spectroscopy to probe fundamental properties of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Cong Xin , Liu Xue-Lu , Lin Miao-Ling , Tan Ping-Heng
Published: May 2020

Two-dimensional materials (2DMs), with remarkably electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, exhibit both high scientific interest and huge application potential. Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be a fast, convenient, and nondestructive technique to characterize the fundamental properties of 2DMs at both laboratory and mass-production scales. In this review, we discuss recent advances in application of Raman spectroscopy to 2DMs for probing their fundamental properties. First, we introduce Raman characterization on different types of 2DMs, phase transition triggered by defect, electrostatic doping and temperature, thickness-dependent intralayer and interlayer modes, and two-dimensional alloys with tunable compositions. The extensive capabilities of Raman spectroscopy in probing quantum phase transition are discussed, such as charge density wave and magnetic transition. Then, we discuss application of Raman spectroscopy to probe the moiré phonons, interfacial coupling and cross-dimensional electron–phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). We hope that this review will be helpful to study the basic properties of 2DMs and vdWHs themselves and those present in the related devices by Raman spectroscopy.
Characterizing physiological and symptomatic variation in menstrual cycles using self-tracked mobile-health data
Authors: Li Kathy , Urteaga Iñigo , Wiggins Chris H. , Druet Anna , Shea Amanda , Vitzthum Virginia J. , Elhadad Noémie
Published: May 2020

The menstrual cycle is a key indicator of overall health for women of reproductive age. Previously, menstruation was primarily studied through survey results; however, as menstrual tracking mobile apps become more widely adopted, they provide an increasingly large, content-rich source of menstrual health experiences and behaviors over time. By exploring a database of user-tracked observations from the Clue app by BioWink GmbH of over 378,000 users and 4.9 million natural cycles, we show that self-reported menstrual tracker data can reveal statistically significant relationships between per-person cycle length variability and self-reported qualitative symptoms. A concern for self-tracked data is that they reflect not only physiological behaviors, but also the engagement dynamics of app users. To mitigate such potential artifacts, we develop a procedure to exclude cycles lacking user engagement, thereby allowing us to better distinguish true menstrual patterns from tracking anomalies. We uncover that women located at different ends of the menstrual variability spectrum, based on the consistency of their cycle length statistics, exhibit statistically significant differences in their cycle characteristics and symptom tracking patterns. We also find that cycle and period length statistics are stationary over the app usage timeline across the variability spectrum. The symptoms that we identify as showing statistically significant association with timing data can be useful to clinicians and users for predicting cycle variability from symptoms, or as potential health indicators for conditions like endometriosis. Our findings showcase the potential of longitudinal, high-resolution self-tracked data to improve understanding of menstruation and women’s health as a whole.
Equilibrium size distribution and phase separation of multivalent, molecular assemblies in dilute solution
Authors: Deviri Dan , Safran Samuel A.
Published: May 2020

Equilibrium self-assembly, gelation, and phase separation of multivalent molecules in dilute solutions analyzed using statistics of lattice animals depicted here.
Exploiting the dynamic properties of Pt on ceria for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Ferré G. , Aouine M. , Bosselet F. , Burel L. , Cadete Santos Aires F. J. , Geantet C. , Ntais S. , Maurer F. , Casapu M. , Grunwaldt J.-D. , Epicier T. , Loridant S. , Vernoux P.
Published: May 2020

Low-temperature redispersion leads to an intermediate Pt monolayer arrangement, very active for CO oxidation.
Gold-catalyzed domino cyclization to diverse polyheterocyclic frameworks: mechanism, origin of the cooperative hydrogen bond, and role of π-stacking interactions
Authors: Li Yunhe , Zhao Xiang
Published: May 2020

The detailed mechanism and origins of gold-catalyzed domino cyclization to diverse fused polyheterocyclic frameworks by cooperative catalysis and cascade catalysis were studied systematically.
Chrysin-loaded bovine serum albumin particles as bioactive nanosupplements
Authors: Ferrado Joana B. , Perez Adrián A. , Ruiz Maria C. , León Ignacio E. , Santiago Liliana G.
Published: May 2020

Freeze-dried Chrys-loaded BSAnp retained their properties after reconstitution and induced apoptosis on breast cancer cells. BSAnp-70-11 (smallest sized) was the most cytotoxic system with a gastrointestinal release of 14% Chrys.
An overview on the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation of monacolin K/lovastatin
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Chen Zhiting , Wen Qinyou , Xiong Zixiao , Cao Xiaohua , Zheng Zhenghuai , Zhang Yangxin , Huang Zhiwei
Published: May 2020

Lovastatin/monacolin K (MK) is used as a lipid lowering drug, due to its effective hypercholesterolemic properties, comparable to synthetic statins.
Pyrrole-based anion-responsive π-electronic molecules as fluorescence sensors responsive to multiple stimuli
Authors: Sugiura Shinya , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: May 2020

Anion-responsive π-electronic molecules with electron-donating aryl substituents exhibited photo-induced electron transfer and resulting fluorescence switching properties, which were controlled by solvent polarity, anion binding and protonation.
AIE-active multicolor tunable luminogens: simultaneous mechanochromism and acidochromism with high contrast beyond 100 nm
Authors: Yang Wei , Yang Yiyu , Qiu Yuntao , Cao Xiaosong , Huang Zhongyan , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: May 2020

AIE-active organic intelligent luminescent materials exhibit both multicolor tunable and high-contrast beyond 100 nm mechanochromism and acidochromism.
Environmentally friendly approach to recover vanadium and tungsten from spent SCR catalyst leach liquors using Aliquat 336
Authors: Cueva Sola Ana Belen , Parhi Pankaj Kumar , Lee Jin-Young , Kang Hee Nam , Jyothi Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2020

A complete extraction and stripping process to obtain enriched vanadium and tungsten concentrate from spent SCR catalyst leach liquor.
Metabolism of insecticide diazinon by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112
Authors: Zhao Mei-ai , Gu Hao , Zhang Chuan-Jie , Jeong In-Hong , Kim Jeong-Han , Zhu Yong-Zhe
Published: May 2020

Two major metabolites were fully identified with GC-MS and 1H, 13C NMR and the metabolic pathways of diazinon were described.
Energetics and optical properties of carbon impurities in rutile TiO2
Authors: Charoenphon Supparat , Boonchun Adisak , Jarukanont Daungruthai , T-Thienprasert Jiraroj , Reunchan Pakpoom
Published: May 2020

The substitutional C on O site and its complex with H are a cause of visible-light absorption in rutile TiO2.
New, inexpensive and simple 3D printable device for nephelometric and fluorimetric determination based on smartphone sensing
Authors: Vidal Ezequiel , Lorenzetti Anabela S. , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Canals Antonio , Domini Claudia E.
Published: May 2020

A new, inexpensive and easy to use 3D printable device was developed for nephelometric and fluorimetric determination.
Honeycomb-like porous chitosan films prepared via phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) during water evaporation under ambient conditions
Authors: Izawa H. , Kajimoto H. , Morimoto M. , Saimoto H. , Ifuku S.
Published: May 2020

A simple method for fabricating honeycomb-like porous chitosan films without special reagents, facilities, and techniques was achieved by using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).
Direct observation of continuous networks of ‘sol–gel’ processed metal oxide thin film for organic and perovskite photovoltaic modules with long-term stability
Authors: Hong Soonil , Kim Geunjin , Park Byoungwook , Kim Ju-Hyeon , Kim Junghwan , Pak Yusin , Kim Jehan , Kwon Sooncheol , Lee Kwanghee
Published: May 2020

Continuous metal oxygen networks of TiOx are formed on top of organic semiconductors with favorable surface energy, which prolong T80-lifetime for organic and perovskite modules up to more than 2000 hours.
Bulk Pt/CsPbBr3 Schottky junctions for charge boosting in robust triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Xie Guixiang , Yang Xiya , Duan Jialong , Duan Yanyan , Tang Qunwei
Published: May 2020

Bulk Pt/CsPbBr3 Schottky junctions are built in a perovskite triboelectric nanogenerator to increase the short-circuit current output.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG16 regulates cell behaviors through miR-542-3p/HNF4α axis via RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in pediatric neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Deng Defeng , Yang Shuangjie , Wang Xiang
Published: May 2020

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid tumor in children with complex mechanism. Increasing reports indicated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) account for the pathogenesis of NB. Nevertheless, the precise functions of SNHG16 needed to be further exposed in NB progression. Our data revealed that SNHG16 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) were up-regulated, but miR-542-3p was down-regulated in NB. Knockdown of SNHG16 or HNF4α could impede cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Interestingly, the role of SNHG16 detetion in cell behaviors was rescued by HNF4α overexpression in NB cells. Mechanically, SNHG16 modulated the progression of tumor growth via miR-542-3p/HNF4α axis in NB. Also, SNHG16 knockdown inactivated rat sarcoma/effector of RAS/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK) signaling pathway through HNF4α. Therefore, SNHG16/miR-542-3p/HNF4α axis modified NB progression via RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, might highlight a novel therapeutic approach for NB.
Signalling by lysophosphatidate and its health implications
Authors: Hemmings Denise G. , Brindley David N.
Published: May 2020

Extracellular lysophosphatidate (LPA) signalling is regulated by the balance of LPA formation by autotaxin (ATX) versus LPA degradation by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) and by the relative expressions of six G-protein-coupled LPA receptors. These receptors increase cell proliferation, migration, survival and angiogenesis. Acute inflammation produced by tissue damage stimulates ATX production and LPA signalling as a component of wound healing. If inflammation does not resolve, LPA signalling becomes maladaptive in conditions including arthritis, neurologic pain, obesity and cancers. Furthermore, LPA signalling through LPA1 receptors promotes fibrosis in skin, liver, kidneys and lungs. LPA also promotes the spread of tumours to other organs (metastasis) and the pro-survival properties of LPA explain why LPA counteracts the effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy. ATX is secreted in response to radiation-induced DNA damage during cancer treatments and this together with increased LPA1 receptor expression leads to radiation-induced fibrosis. The anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, decreases levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. This is linked to a coordinated decrease in the production of ATX and LPA1/2 receptors and increased LPA degradation through LPP1. These effects explain why dexamethasone attenuates radiation-induced fibrosis. Increased LPA signalling is also associated with cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis and deranged LPA signalling is associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. LPA contributes to chronic inflammation because it stimulates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, which increase further ATX production and LPA signalling. Attenuating maladaptive LPA signalling provides a novel means of treating inflammatory diseases that underlie so many important medical conditions.
Implications of the mild gas motion found withHitomiin the core of the Perseus cluster
Authors: Gu Liyi , Makishima Kazuo , Matsumoto Ryoji , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Inada Naohisa , Kodama Tadayuki , Xu Haiguang , Kawaharada Madoka
Published: May 2020

Based mainly on X-ray observations, we study the interactions between the intracluster medium (ICM) in clusters of galaxies and their member galaxies. Through (magneto)hydrodynamic and gravitational channels, moving galaxies are expected to drag the ICM around them, and then transfer some fraction of their dynamical energies on cosmological timescales to the ICM. This hypothesis is in line with several observations, including the possible cosmological infall of galaxies toward the cluster center, found over redshifts ofz ∼ 1 toz ∼ 0. Further assuming that the energy lost by these galaxies is first converted into ICM turbulence and then dissipated, this picture can explain the subsonic and uniform ICM turbulence, measured withHitomiin the core region of the Perseus cluster. The scenario may also explain several other unanswered problems regarding clusters of galaxies, such as what prevents the ICM from underoing the expected radiative cooling, how the various mass components in nearby clusters have attained different radial distributions, and how a thermal stability is realized between hot and cool ICM components that co-exist around cD galaxies. This view is also considered to pertain to the general scenario of galaxy evolution, including their environmental effects.
A transition between the hot and the ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres
Authors: Baxter Claire , Désert Jean-Michel , Parmentier Vivien , Line Mike , Fortney Jonathan , Arcangeli Jacob , Bean Jacob L. , Todorov Kamen O. , Mansfield Megan
Published: May 2020

A key hypothesis in the field of exoplanet atmospheres is the trend of atmospheric thermal structure with planetary equilibrium temperature. We explore this trend and report here the first statistical detection of a transition in the near-infrared atmospheric emission between hot and ultra-hot Jupiters. We measure this transition using secondary eclipse observations and interpret this phenomenon as changes in atmospheric properties, and more specifically in terms of transition from non-inverted to inverted thermal profiles. We examine a sample of 78 hot Jupiters with secondary eclipse measurements at 3.6 and 4.5μm measured withSpitzerInfrared Array Camera. We calculate the planetary brightness temperatures using PHOENIX models to correct for the stellar flux. We measure the deviation of the data from the blackbody, which we define as the difference between the observed 4.5μm eclipse depth and that expected at this wavelength based on the brightness temperature measured at 3.6μm. We study how the deviation between 3.6 and 4.5μm changes with theoretical predictions with equilibrium temperature and incoming stellar irradiation. We reveal a clear transition in the observed emission spectra of the hot Jupiter population at 1660 ± 100 K in the zero albedo, full redistribution equilibrium temperature. We find the hotter exoplanets have even hotter daysides at 4.5μm compared to 3.6μm, which manifests as an exponential increase in the emitted power of the planets with stellar insolation. We propose that the measured transition is a result of seeing carbon monoxide in emission due to the formation of temperature inversions in the atmospheres of the hottest planets. These thermal inversions could be caused by the presence of atomic and molecular species with high opacities in the optical and/or the lack of cooling species. Our findings are in remarkable agreement with a new grid of 1D radiative and convective models varying metallicity, carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O), surface gravity, and stellar effective temperature. We find that the population of hot Jupiters statistically disfavors high C/O planets (C/O ≥ 0.85).
XMM-Newton observations of eleven intermediate polars and possible candidates
Authors: Worpel H. , Schwope A. D. , Traulsen I. , Mukai K. , Ok S.
Published: May 2020

Aims. We aim to identify new intermediate polars (IPs) in XMM-Newton observations from a list of promising candidates. By selecting targets not previously known to be X-ray bright, we aim to uncover evidence for an X-ray underluminous IP subpopulation.

Methods. We performed period searches on the XMM-Newton X-ray and optical data of our targets to seek both the spin and orbital periods, which differ in IPs. We also investigated the X-ray spectra to find the hot plasma emission shown by these objects. With archival Swift data we coarsely investigated the long-term X-ray variability, and with archival optical data from a variety of catalogues, we compared the optical to X-ray luminosity to identify X-ray faint objects. This paper presents the first XMM-Newton observation of the prototype IP, DQ Her.

Results. We find firm evidence for HZ Pup, V349 Aqr, and IGR J18151-1052 being IPs, with likely white dwarf spin periods of 1552, 390, and 390 s, respectively. The former two have luminosities typical of IPs, and the latter is strongly absorbed and with unknown distance. GI Mon and V1084 Her are apparently non-magnetic CVs with interesting short-term variability unrelated to WD spin. V533 Her is probably a magnetic CV and remains a good IP candidate, while V1039 Cen is possibly a polar. The remaining candidates were too faint to allow for any firm conclusions.
Very long baseline interferometry imaging of the advancing ejecta in the first gamma-ray nova V407 Cygni
Authors: Giroletti M. , Munari U. , Körding E. , Mioduszewski A. , Sokoloski J. , Cheung C. C. , Corbel S. , Schinzel F. , Sokolovsky K. , O’Brien T. J.
Published: May 2020

Context. In 2010 March, the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi revealed a transient gamma-ray source that is positionally coincident with the optical nova in the symbiotic binary, V407 Cyg. This event marked the first discovery of gamma-ray emission from a nova.

Aims. We aim to obtain resolved radio imaging of the material involved in the nova event, to determine the ejecta geometry and advance velocity directly in the image plane, and to constrain the physical conditions of the system.

Methods. We observed the source with the European VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) Network in real time mode, at 1.6 and 5 GHz, and the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.6, 5, and 8.4 GHz. In total, we observed the source over 16 epochs, starting 20 days after the optical discovery and continuing for over six months.

Results. Milliarcsecond-scale radio emission is detected in 10/16 epochs of observations. The source is initially very dim but it later shows a substantial increase in brightness and a resolved shell-like structure 40–90 days after the optical event. The shell has a projected elliptical shape and is asymmetric in brightness and spectral index, being brighter and characterised by a rising spectrum at the south-eastern edge. We determine a projected expansion velocity of ∼3500 km s−1 in the initial phase (for an adopted 2.7 kpc distance), and ∼2100 km s−1 between day 20 and 91. We also found an emitting feature about 350 mas (940 AU) to the north-west, advancing at a projected velocity of ∼700 km s−1 along the polar axis of the binary. The total flux density in the VLBI images is significantly lower than that previously reported at similar epochs and over much wider angular scales with the VLA.

Conclusions. Optical spectra convincingly demonstrated that in 2010 we were viewing V407 Cyg along the equatorial plane and from behind the Mira. Our radio observations image the bipolar flow of the ejecta perpendicular to the orbital plane, where deceleration is much lower than through the equatorial plane probed by the truncated profile of optical emission lines. The separated polar knot at 350 mas and the bipolar flow strictly resemble a similar arrangement seen in Hen 2-104, another symbiotic Mira seen equator-on that went through a large outburst ∼5700 yrs ago. The observed ∼700 km s−1 expansion constrains the launch date of the polar knot around 2004, during the accretion-fed active phase preceding the 2010 nova outburst.
Sharp estimates for the first p-Laplacian eigenvalue and for the p-torsional rigidity on convex sets with holes
Authors: Paoli Gloria , Piscitelli Gianpaolo , Trani Leonardo
Published: May 2020

We study, in dimension n ≥ 2, the eigenvalue problem and the torsional rigidity for the p-Laplacian on convex sets with holes, with external Robin boundary conditions and internal Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that the annulus maximizes the first eigenvalue and minimizes the torsional rigidity when the measure and the external perimeter are fixed.
A novel nuclear marker and development of an ARMS-PCR assay targeting the metallopeptidase 10 (nas 10) locus to identify the species of theAnisakis simplex(s. l.) complex (Nematoda, Anisakidae)
Authors: Palomba Marialetizia , Paoletti Michela , Webb Stephen C. , Nascetti Giuseppe , Mattiucci Simonetta
Published: May 2020

The genusAnisakisrepresents one of the most widespread groups of ascaridoid nematodes in the marine ecosystem. Three closely related taxa are recognized in theAnisakis simplex(s. l.) complex:A. pegreffii,A. simplex(s. s.) andA. berlandi.They are widely distributed in populations of their intermediate/paratenic hosts (fish and squids) and definitive hosts (cetaceans). A novel nuclear gene locus, metallopeptidase 10 (nas 10) (451 bp), was sequenced and validated on a total of 219 specimens of the three species ofAnisakis,collected in fish and cetacean hosts from allopatric areas included in their ranges of distribution. The specimens ofAnisakiswere first identified by allozymes and sequence analysis of the mtDNAcox2and EF1α-1 nDNA. The novel nuclear marker has shown fixed alternative nucleotide positions in the three species, i.e. diagnostic at 100%, permitting the species determination of a large number of specimens analyzed in the present study. In addition, primers to be used for amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR of the same gene locus were designed at these nucleotide positions. Thus, direct genotyping determination, by double ARMS, was developed and validated on 219 specimens belonging to the three species. Complete concordance was observed between the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assays and direct sequencing results obtained for thenas 10gene locus. The novel nuclear diagnostic marker will be useful in future studies on a multi-locus genotyping approach and also to study possible hybridization and/or introgression events occurring between the three species in sympatric areas.
How Do I Reverse Oral and Parenteral Anticoagulants?
Authors: Koscielny Jürgen , Rutkauskaite Edita , Sucker Christoph , von Heymann Christian
Published: May 2020

An understanding of reversal strategies alone is important to safely and effectively care for patients in cases of bleeding or invasive procedures. The recent diversification in the number of licensed anticoagulants makes an understanding of drug-specific reversal strategies essential. Intravenous or oral vitamin K can reverse the effect of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) within 12 to 48 hours and is indicated for any bleeding or an international normalized ratio >10 or 4.5 to 10 in patients with additional risk factors for bleeding. Furthermore, an additional administration of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) may be necessary in cases of major bleeding related to VKA. Protamine (chloride or sulfate) fully reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin and partially in low-molecular-weight heparin. Idarucizumab has been approved for dabigatran reversal, whereas andexanet alfa is approved for the reversal of some oral factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban). PCC seems to enhance the haemostatic potential for the reversal of the effect of FXa-inhibitors. So far, there are promising but only limited data on the efficacy of this approach available. Each reversal strategy needs an adequate management beyond the hemostatic treatment (volume replacement, stabilization of homeostasis, e.g., pH and temperature, resumption of anticoagulation after successful treatment of bleeding, etc.) that is crucial for the successful management of acute bleedings, urgent high-risk surgery, thrombolytic therapies or thrombectomies as well as overdosing of anticoagulants.
Zum Status quo und der vorgesehenen Weiterentwicklung des Innovationsfonds
(Version 3, 4.2.2020)
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Geraedts Max , Maier Birga , Schwarzkopf Daniel , Schoffer Olaf , Härter Martin , Neugebauer Edmund , Apfelbacher Christian , Bierbaum Thomas , Dreinhöfer Karsten , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika
Published: May 2020

Aus Sicht des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) bietet der
Innovationsfonds eine für unser Gesundheitssystem einmalige Chance
für eine zukunftsfähige, evidenzgeleitete Weiterentwicklung der
Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland. Aus diesem Grund hat sich das DNVF seit der
Ankündigung des Innovationsfonds im Gesetz zur Stärkung der
Versorgung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
(GKV-Versorgungsstärkungsgesetz) im Jahr 2015 kontinuierlich engagiert, um
einen möglichst effektiven, effizienten, gerechten, transparenten und
nachhaltigen Einsatz der Mittel des Innovationsfonds zu unterstützen.
Anpassung internationaler Leitlinien in der Physiotherapie – ein Methodenpapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physiotherapiewissenschaft e. V. (DGPTW)
Authors: Kirchner Änne , Diermayr Gudrun , Becker Monika , Rösner Katrin , Kopkow Christian , Saal Susanne
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund Derzeit existieren nur für sehr wenige Indikationen medizinische Leitlinien, deren Empfehlungen auf die Bedingungen des deutschen Gesundheitswesens zugeschnitten und geeignet sind, Physiotherapeuten in der Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen zu unterstützen. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physiotherapiewissenschaft (DGPTW) setzt sich für eine stärkere Verknüpfung von Wissenschaft und Patientenversorgung ein und möchte zu diesem Zweck die Bereitstellung von Leitlinien für die Physiotherapie vorantreiben. Die Anpassung von Leitlinien aus anderen Ländern kann eine pragmatische Alternative gegenüber einer Neuentwicklung darstellen.

Ziel Entwicklung eines Methodenpapiers, das als Handlungsempfehlung in der Übernahme und Anpassung hochwertiger internationaler Leitlinien für das Gebiet der Physiotherapie im deutschen Gesundheitswesen dienen soll.

Methode Eine Arbeitsgruppe der Sektion Leitlinien der DGPTW bestimmte zunächst Ziele und Vorgehensweise zur Erstellung des Methodenpapiers. Nach Recherche und Screening vorhandener Rahmenkonzepte zur Anpassung von Leitlinien wurden Vorschläge zu einem systematischen Vorgehen bei der Anpassung internationaler Leitlinien abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse Das Methodenpapier beschreibt Vorgehensweisen zur Festlegung des Themas, zur Recherche, zum Screening und zur Bewertung vorhandener Leitlinien sowie zur Auswahl einer geeigneten Leitlinie und deren Anpassung. Die Einbindung weiterer Akteure und der Review- bzw. Konsentierungsprozess bei der Leitlinienanpassung werden ebenfalls skizziert.

Diskussion Die Vorschläge zur Leitlinienanpassung wurden im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Anspruch an eine möglichst systematische, transparente und umfassende Methodik und der Praktikabilität vor dem Hintergrund begrenzter Ressourcen ausgewählt. Das Methodenpapier wurde der Fachöffentlichkeit zur Diskussion vorgestellt und soll in einem nächsten Schritt im Rahmen einer Leitlinienanpassung erprobt werden.
Workload Monitoring in Top-level Soccer Players During Congested
Fixture Periods
Authors: Gualtieri Antonio , Rampinini Ermanno , Sassi Roberto , Beato Marco
Published: May 2020

This study assessed the internal and external workload of starters and
non-starters in a professional top-level soccer team during a congested fixture
period. Twenty Serie A soccer players were monitored in this study during two
mesocycles of 21 days each. Starters and non-starters were divided based on the
match time played in each mesocycle. The following metrics were recorded:
exposure time, total distance, relative total distance, high-speed running
distance over 20 km·h−1, very high-speed
running distance over 25 km·h−1, individual
very high-speed distance over 80% of maximum peak speed, and rating of
perceived exertion. Differences between starters and non-starters were found
for: exposure time (effect size=large to very large), rating of
perceived exertion (large to very large), total distance (large to very large),
and individual very high-speed distance over 80% of maximum peak speed
(moderate to large). Furthermore, differences for relative total distance,
high-speed running distance over 20 km·h−1
and very high-speed running distance over
25 km·h−1 were small to moderate, but not
significant. This study reports that during congested fixture periods, starters
had higher exposure time, rating of perceived exertion, total distance, and
individual very high-speed distance over 80% of maximum peak speed than
non-starters.
Acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: Systematic review
Authors: Badia Marc , Santafé Manel M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most diagnosed compression neuropathy of the upper limb. In mild and moderate cases, the treatment is extensive and controversial, whereas severe cases receive surgical intervention.

Objective To analyze the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of treatment of CTS using acupuncture and electroacupuncture.

Methods The PRISMA declaration was followed. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Clinical Evidence BMJ, NICE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, SciELO, Google Scholar. The search strategy used the terms “acupuncture”, “electroacupuncture” “carpal tunnel syndrome”. The inclusion criteria limited studies to English publications. The risk of bias was assessed for each study using the Cochrane scale. The level of evidence and the level of recommendation was determined using the SIGN scale.

Results The search retrieved 698 articles in total. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were included. The level of evidence of all the articles was medium-high. The level of recommendation was medium, and the risk of bias was neutral, with a tendency towards low bias. The articles included revealed symptomatic and neurophysiological improvements, both peripheral as well as central, due to the cerebral response that occurs associated with the function of the median nerve.

Conclusion Acupuncture and electroacupuncture are a therapeutic option for mild to moderate CTS with a medium level of scientific evidence, tending towards a high level, and with a medium level of recommendation.