bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
29.3: Color ChLC E‐paper Display with 100 um Flexible Glass Substrates
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Wei , Liao Yuan Chang , Shiu Jyh Wen , Tsai Yi Shou , Chen Kuan Ting , Lai Yu Cheng , Lai Chun‐Chun , Lee Yuh‐Zheng , Garner Sean , Lin James , Li Xinghua , Cimo Pat
Published: July 2011

Light weight bistable cholesteric liquid crystal displays were fabricated using 100 um flexible glass as the top and bottom substrates. The flexible glass provided better registration control compared to plastic substrates previously used in the device process. A passive matrix full‐color panel using a color sharing architecture was successfully demonstrated.
30.1: A New Drive Scheme for Cholesteric Reflective Displays Under Active Matrix Addressing
Authors: Zola Rafael S. , Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke , Chen Heng‐Yin , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Cheng Kung‐Lung
Published: July 2011

A novel drive scheme for reflective cholesteric active matrix displays is proposed. This method is composed of two stages, a fast resetting phase which drives the cholesteric to the homeotropic state and a determining phase where different voltages are applied in order to get different gray levels of reflectance. When the determining voltage is low, a bright high reflective planar state is achieved while when the voltage is high, a dark focal conic state is formed. We experimentally demonstrated that the drive scheme works well for video ratio operation.
30.3: Master Parameter Governing the Response Time of Reflective Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Yang Young‐Cheol , Zola Rafael S. , Cui Yue , Yang Deng‐Ke , Chen Heng‐Yin , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liang Chao‐Chiun
Published: July 2011

We investigated theoretically and experimentally the response time of cholesteric liquid crystal displays (ChLCDs). It turned out that the response time depended more on the structural change of twisted layers of ChLCs than the speed of the individual reorientation of LC directors. Numerical calculations showed that the surface anchoring energy of the substrates governed the transition from the homeotropic to the planar texture: ChLCs anchored weakly (Ws ≤ 10−5J/m2) on the bounding substrates undergo homogeneous transition, which is fast, while ChLCs anchored strongly (Ws ≥ 10−3J/m2) undergo defect‐assisted heterogeneous transition, which is slow. Experimental results agreed well with the theoretical results.
30.4: A Low Cost, Full Color Cholesteric LCD with Low Voltage and Crosstalk‐Free Drive Scheme
Authors: Liang Chao‐Chiun , Liao Yuan‐Chang , Chen Chih‐Jen , Chang Yun‐Shuo , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chang Chung‐Shu , Chen Janglin , Marhefka Duane , Montbach Erica , Braganza Clinton , Khan Asad , Doane J. William , Chin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Kung‐Lung
Published: July 2011

To reduce the power consumption and improve the image quality of a full color Cholesteric LCD, low driving voltage Cholesteric LC and crosstalk‐free drive schemes have been respectively developed. The developed technologies were integrated into a 5″ full color QVGA Cholesteric LCD with a low‐cost single‐layer structure. The performance of the display validated the development approaches.
31.2: Invited Paper: Enhanced Minimally Invasive Surgery by 2D to 3D Conversion
Authors: Liu Kai‐Che , Nicolau Stephane , Wu Hurng‐Sheng , Angot Ludovic J. , Huang Wei‐Jia , Wu Chun‐Te
Published: July 2011

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a growing surgical technique comparing to traditional open surgery since it dramatically reduces patient trauma and costs but MIS technique is difficult because of looking at a 2D screen to perform the surgery. Depth perception is thus lost due to 2D endoscopic capturing and display. Therefore, the paper proposes real‐time 2D to 3D conversion for enhancing MIS to provide depth perception on 3D display for increasing surgical quality, improving in safety and speed of procedures, and also to lower learning curve. The proposed method to convert an endoscopic 2D video frame into a depth map and consequently into a pair of right and left image for viewing on a stereoscopic display is based on the use of a bilateral filter approximated by a bilateral grid. The architecture is to make edges sharp to enhance moving instruments and to preserve chamber geometry segmentation. Results of verification by simulated surgery and questionnaire for surgeons proof the feasibility of 2D to 3D conversion on MIS.
32.2: Speckle Suppression by 2D Spatial Light Modulator in Laser Projection System
Authors: Chang Yan‐Shuo , Lin Hoang Yan , Hsu Wei‐Feng
Published: July 2011

To diminish the speckle effect of a laser projection system, an LCoS spatial light modulator was employed to replace the commonly‐used diffuser and beam shaping components. The speckle contrast was reduced from 0.887 to 0.315, the image quality was greatly improved, and the system complexity was decreased as well.
33‐1: Invited Paper: Dynamic Range Management for Displays for Reduced Power and Improved Ambient Contrast
Authors: Chesnokov Viacheslav N.
Published: July 2011

We present a scheme for display management combining display power control with content dynamic range control which achieves a near‐seamless user viewing experience over a very wide range of ambient light. The method takes into account ambient light, screen characteristics, contrast perception over defined fields of view and pupil adaptation.
33.3: View Synthesis for Advanced 3D Video
Authors: Lim Ilsoon , Lee Jaejoon , Park Dusik
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we present a novel view synthesis algorithm. We are specifically concerned with view interpolation between two reference views. It is known that many holes occur in a virtual view when we synthesize using depth‐image based rendering (DIBR). We introduce the view synthesis algorithm which consists of the adaptive view blending and the directional background pixel replication. Our solution warps the two reference views into the virtual viewpoint and then merges the two projected images. Unlike the early work which blends the uniformly the projected views, we blend the projected images depending on the hole position. Also, to fill up the remaining holes, we develop the background pixel replication which distinguishes between the background and foreground and fills the current occluded pixel with color pixel in the true background. This view synthesis allows for the natural visual quality. We give some results about the subjective quality of the synthesized views and the virtual view produced by our algorithm shows significant visual quality.
34.1: Invited Paper: TRANSFORMERS ‐ Autostereoscopic Displays Running in Different 3D Operating Modes
Authors: de la Barré René , Hopf Klaus , Jurk Silvio , Leiner Ulrich
Published: July 2011

The paper gives an overview of our multimodal 3D display technology. Enabling technologies such as head tracking, shifting and scaling for content adaptation are briefly described using the example of a single‐user display. These new solutions can be applied to multiview and lightfield 3D displays as they can be found in the market independent of the used technology for image separation like parallax barrier, lenticular or holographic optical element. Beyond that dual view or integral imaging displays can be manipulated with similar results by slightly different means. In general, the new algorithms enable the use of content originally produced for glasses type 3D displays without the need of additional calculation of interpolated views.
34.2: Field Sequential LC Barrier for a Full Resolution Auto‐stereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Kang Kihyung , Moon Soobae , Park Sangmoo , Hwang Seondeok , Shestak Sergey , Yoon Junghoon , Hwang Dongchoon
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we have developed 15.6 inch auto‐stereoscopic 3D display with a field sequential LC parallax barrier which shows the full resolution image of the panel even in the 3D mode. By field sequential switching of a barrier and an image panel, we can compensate the loss of the resolution in the LC barrier type 3D display. We also investigated the field sequential switching effect on the performance of the LC parallax barrier type 3D display.
34.3: Multi‐user 3D Film on Directional Sequential Backlight System
Authors: Ting Chih‐Hung , Hsu Ching‐Yi , Yang Che‐Hsuan , Huang Yi‐Pai , Tsai Han‐Wen , Yu Chih‐Chieh
Published: July 2011

Considering full resolution and without 3D glasses, time‐multiplexed type is the better choice for 3D display, such as directional sequential backlight system. However, the current directional sequential backlight system can only produce a single‐user 3D display provided 3D image for single observer. Thus, the multi‐user 3D film was proposed to add in front of the directional sequential backlight system and make the display become a multiuser (each observer watches the same image) 3D display provided full‐resolution 3D images for three observers.
34.5L: Late‐News Paper: Glasses‐Free 2D/3D Switchable Display Using a Unique Light Guide
Authors: Minami Masaru , Yokomizo Kanji , Shimpuku Yoshihide
Published: July 2011

We achieved a unique light guide that functions as both a parallax barrier and a backlight. We fabricated a LCD using this unique light guide that can be switched between 2D and multi‐view 3D modes. In addition to being based on a simple device that can be switched between 2D and 3D modes, our method provides extremely high‐quality displays of 2D and 3D images.
5.4: Wireless Smart Card with Electronic Paper Dot Matrix Display Using QR‐LPD Technology
Authors: Yokoo Akihiko , Kubota Tadashi , Saida Yasunobu , Sakurai Ryo , Ohno Shingo , Masuda Yoshitomo , Hattori Reiji
Published: July 2011

We have developed a thin and flexible smart card with EPD Electronic Paper Display using QR‐LPD™ Quick‐Response Liquid Powder Display technology. The extremely low energy consumption display applications can be realized by utilizing the image holding property with no energy consumption. In this study, we combined flexible EPD with wireless energy and data transfer system in order to realize extremely thin, light weight and flexible smart card that has dot matrix EPD. The possibility of wireless smart card with flexible EPD using QR‐LPD technology is discussed.
35.1: 14‐inch AMOLED TV Driven by HfInZnO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Mo Yeon‐Gon , Kim Minkyu , Kim Kwang S. , Park Chang M. , Park Yong S. , Choi Chaun G. , Uh Keehan , Kim Sungchul
Published: July 2011

A full‐color 14‐inch active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) TV, which does not suffer from the well‐known pixel non‐uniformity of luminance using a simple pixel circuit design consisting of 3 transistors and 1 capacitor, has been developed using amorphous hafnium‐indium‐zinc oxide (a‐HIZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) as an active‐matrix backplane. The n‐channel a‐HIZO TFTs exhibit a field‐effect mobility of 10 cm2/V‐s, threshold voltage of 0.38V, on/off ratio of >108, and subthreshold gate swing of 0.21 V/decade. Notably, the long‐ and short‐range standard deviations for the threshold voltage were less than 0.1V and 0.02V, respectively.
35.3: Distinguished Paper: A Novel Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate Oxide TFT for AM‐OLED Displays
Authors: Morosawa Narihiro , Ohshima Yoshihiro , Morooka Mitsuo , Arai Toshiaki , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: July 2011

We developed a novel self‐aligned top‐gate oxide TFT for AM‐OLED displays. Our developed Al reaction method to obtain source/drain regions is effective to fabricate a short channel and highly reliable TFT. A 9.9‐inch diagonal qHD AM‐OLED display was demonstrated to provide applicable solution for a large‐sized and ultra‐high definition OLED mass production.
36.1: Invited Paper: Rollable OLED Display Driven by Organic TFTs
Authors: Nomoto Kazumasa , Noda Makoto , Kobayashi Norihito , Katsuhara Mao , Yumoto Akira , Ushikura Shin‐ichi , Yasuda Ryo‐ichi , Hirai Nobukazu , Yukawa Gen , Yagi Iwao
Published: July 2011

We have developed a 4.1‐in FWQVGA rollable AM‐OLED display driven by organic TFTs. For an organic semiconductor, a peri‐Xanthenoxanthene derivative has been developed. We have also developed an integrated gate‐driver circuit. This enables to eliminate rigid gate‐driver ICs and roll up the OLED display with bending radius of 4 mm.
36.2: Invited Paper: Materials and Components for Flexible AMOLED Display
Authors: Jiin Dongun , An Sungguk , Kim Hyungsik , Kim Youngji , Koo Hyunwoo , Kim Teawoong , Kim Younggu , Min Hoonkee , Kim Sungchul
Published: July 2011

Materials and Components for Flexible AMOLED Display were reviewed in this paper. Plastic substrates need high thermal resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion, which would be compatible with mass production line. Flexible modules such as chip on flexible substrate, slim polarizer, and touch screen panel are also important to realize flexible AMOLED display.
37.2: Invited Paper: The Role of the Impurity Diffusion Barrier for the Cathode Material in AC PDP
Authors: Whang Ki‐Woong , Lee Tae‐Ho , Cheong Hee‐Woon , Steinmüller Sven Ole , Janek Jürgen
Published: July 2011

In this paper, it will be shown that we can reduce the driving voltage and improve the luminance and luminous efficacy of Plasma Display Panel(PDP) significantly by blocking the diffusion of impurities into the cathode layer which occurs during the high temperature process like panel assembly. The TOF‐SIMS(Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) results show that the diffusion of impurities like Al, Na and K into the cathode layer can be effectively prevented by the adoption of a blocking layer made of SiO2. Another beneficial effect is the significant reduction of the aging time. It has been confirmed through the panel experiment that the impurity diffusion barrier is effective in reducing the voltage, aging time and increasing the luminous efficacy for both of the PDPs with a single MgO and a SrO‐MgO double cathode layer with more spectacular improvements in the latter case.
37.3: Wall Voltage Loss by Exoemission
Authors: Awaji Noriyuki , Tolner Harm , Miyamoto Shintaro , Kajiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

The loss of wall voltage during the addressing waiting time tw has been investigated, and is found to correspond to an effective exoemission current that is inversely related to the time, i.e. Iexo ∼ 1/tw. This relation is approximately valid over 3 decades from 20 usec to 16.7 msec. The wall voltage loss for Sc3+ doped MgO is about three times larger than that of non‐doped MgO.
6.1: High Performance VA‐LCD Compensation Film Made with Environmentally Friendly Material for VA‐LCD
Authors: Takeda Jun , Tooyama Hirofumi , Fujiwara Isao , Andou Takumi , Ito Yoji , Mihayashi Keiji
Published: July 2011

We have successfully developed a novel compensation film, EVE‐film Environmental friendly film for VA‐LCD performance Enhancement, which improves VA‐LCD performance with less environmental burden. We satisfactorily realized optical designs of EVE‐film by controlling the internal haze, wavelength dispersion, and optical anisotropy, with innovative casting process. After all our efforts, VA‐LCD using EVE‐film exhibited 13% higher contrast and a color‐shift significantly better than our previous compensation film.
38.4: Full‐Color Patterning of Quantum Dot (QD) Light‐Emitting Diodes using QD Transplanting Techniques
Authors: Cho Hyunduck , Lee Changhee , Kwak Jeonghun , Shin Dong‐Myung , Bae Wan Ki , Lim Jaehoon , Char Kookheon , Lee Seonghun
Published: July 2011

We provide simple and versatile QD transplanting method, which allows well‐defined QD patterns down to a few micrometers and also provides compatibility with conventional device fabrication process and device architecture. We also demonstrate red, green, and blue QLEDs with transplanted QD active layers and characterize them in systematic correlation study between QD pattern morphology and device performances.
38.6L: Late‐News Paper: Advanced Coatable Polarizer Technology by Using Novel Liquid Crystalline Materials and Organic Dyes
Authors: Park Su Hyun , Lee Sang‐Wook , Hwang Byoung Har , Lee Jung‐Min , Kim Wook‐Sung , Shin Woo‐Sup , Jun Mike , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: July 2011

We have demonstrated the feasibility of thin‐film coatable type polarizer for high contrast. New liquid crystalline materials were developed and the manufacturing process was optimized to achieve high performance polarization characteristics. We made a 9.7 inch XGA prototype with our newly developed polarizer, and obtained good image quality and high electro‐optical performance. More approaches to get higher polarization performance in terms of materials and manufacturing process were discussed.
39.2: Polarization Conversion System Using a Polymer Polarization Grating
Authors: Seo Eunseong , Kee Hong Cheol , Kim Young , Jeong Seungman , Choi Hyunho , Lee Sanghun , Kim Jihwan , Komanduri Ravi K. , Escuti Michael J.
Published: July 2011

We describe a new Polarization Conversion System (PCS) concept, particularly well suited for pico‐projectors, employing a polymer polarization grating thin‐film, fly‐eye lens, and louvered halfwave plate. We demonstrate improved polarization‐conversion in the PG‐based PCS, leading to enhanced brightness (12%) and color‐uniformity (20%) as compared to a conventional PBS‐based PCS.
40.2: An Improved Differential Signaling Scheme for the Chip‐On‐Glass Application of TFT‐LCD
Authors: Jeon Hyun‐Kyu , Oh Kwang‐Il , Moon Yong‐Hwan , Kim Jun‐Ho , Choi Jung‐Hwan , Park Seok‐Jae , Na Joon‐Ho , Shim Jae‐Ryun , Oh Heong‐Seog , Kim Dae‐Seong , Han Dae‐Keun , Kim Jin‐Sung , Ha Sung‐Cheol , Kang Koo‐Won , Lee Hoe‐Ho , Do Gun‐Woo , Moon Kyoung‐Tae , Kim Jin‐Kyu , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kim Lee‐Sup
Published: July 2011

An improved signaling scheme for the intra‐panel interface for the chip‐on‐glass (COG) application is proposed. The proposed signaling scheme adopts a transmitter with the current‐mode driver with shunt termination for an impedance matching on the transmitter and a receiver without termination to eliminate the multiple reflections on the transmitter. It obtains good signal quality on the receiver without additional current consumption. The transmitter for the proposed signaling scheme adopts the current‐mode driver with shunt termination instead of the voltage‐mode driver with series termination resistor for minimizing the effect caused by the process dependency of the circuitry in the transmitter. The receiver for the proposed signaling scheme is equipped with the loss compensator to equalize the channel loss caused by the highly resistive signal line‐on‐glass (LOG) and low channel bandwidth due to open termination on the receiver. The proposed signaling scheme is verified with 9.7‐inch XGA (1024RGB×768) resolution TFT‐LCD module for tablet computer. The proposed signaling scheme achieves the low electromagnetic near‐field radiation from the signal lines by acquiring the good signal integrity on the transmission channel.
40.3: A 2Gbps/lane Source Synchronous Intra‐Panel Interface for Large Size and High Refresh Rate Panel with Automatic Calibration
Authors: Ozawa Seiichi , Akita Hironobu , Suzuki Shinya , Miura Hidetoshi , Hachiya Shogo , Murakami Takayuki , Sasaki Kazuhisa , Kato Masahiro
Published: July 2011

An intra‐panel interface for large size and high refresh rate panel is proposed. A source synchronous clocking with a new calibration scheme enables data skew adjustment while eliminating sensitive analog circuits in source driver. 2Gbps operation required for a 80‐inch 4K2K panel with the 8‐bit RGB and 240Hz driving is verified.
41.1: Three‐dimensional Electro‐holographic Retinal Display
Authors: Xia Jun , Zhu Wenliang , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: July 2011

We use a single phase‐only spatial light modulator and an iterative phase retrieval method to directly modulate the light at multiple planes inside the eye. By changing the focal length of the eye, images at different depth planes are sharply projected onto the retina, with which we mimic the accommodation of natural vision.
41.2: Acoustooptical Scanning Holography 3D Image Capturing and Electronic Hologram Recording
Authors: Petrov Vladimir V.
Published: July 2011

New approach for electronic hologram creation and 3‐dimensional image capturing on the basis of acoustooptical principles is considered. The features of acoustooptical interaction, such as spectral and spatial selectivity, relatively slow velocity of sound waves, ability for frequency shifting, simple method of optical heterodyning, easy way for angular and spatial control of optical beam give great advantages for creation of effective holographic system for 3D images capturing and reconstruction. Recent results of our investigation in this area such as new architecture of acoustooptical scanning holographical system as well as the estimation of main parameters are presented.
41.3: Spatial 3D Imaging Based on Full Analytical Holographic Computations
Authors: Dong Jian‐Wen , Liu Yuan‐Zhi , Wang He‐Zhou
Published: July 2011

We introduce spatial 3D imaging by using full analytical triangular‐based holographic computations. The CGH can avoid the depth‐of‐field limitation. Both simulation and experimental results show the reconstruction are of high performance, with surface texture and wide viewing angle. Thanks to GPU, our method may be employed to achieve holographic display in real time.
3.2: A Negative Liquid‐Crystal Lens with Multi‐Ring Electrodes in Unequal Widths
Authors: Hsu Chao‐Jui , Chao Paul C. ‐P.
Published: July 2011

This work is dedicated to design a novel negative liquid crystal LC lens with multi‐ring electrodes in unequal widths. The electrode structure of the LC negative lens is axisymmetric for producing desired electric field. The unequal widths are adopted and determined in inversely proportional to the slopes of the desired applied voltages at varied radial positions. There are eight unequal electrodes designed in the lens. In addition, the performance of the designed LC lens is verified by the simulation via software DIMOS.2D and TracePro.
42.1 Invited Paper: High Efficiency Phosphorescent AMOLEDs: The Path to Long Lifetime TVs
Authors: Hack Mike , So Woo‐Young , Levermore Peter A. , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2011

In this paper we present results of blue PHOLED technologies, and outline different AMOLED display architectures, comparing their performance and power consumption. Projected operating temperatures of AMOLED TVs are correlated to device lifetimes to show the lifetime enhancements enabled by the power savings of phosphorescent OLEDs. These results allow us to analyze compelling technology packages for OLED TVs.
43.1: Invited Paper: Trends and Materials in Touch Sensing
Authors: Mackey Bob
Published: July 2011

As mobile computing and connectivity become staples of the digital lifestyle, users will demand a high‐fidelity touch and display user interface to interact with their devices. Capacitive touch sensing is the dominant technology for notebook, slate, and handheld devices. Multi‐finger applications have emerged to make use of capacitive sensing's capabilities. Sensors can be discrete, or integrated with the lens or display. While careful optical design allows the sensor's conductive ITO pattern to be invisible to the user, new nano‐structured materials are poised to replace ITO as the transparent conductor.
43.2: Mutual Capacitance Touch Screen Integrated into Thin Film Encapsulated Active‐Matrix OLED
Authors: Shim HongShik , Kim SunKook , Chun YoungTea , Kwon Hyuk‐Jun , Kee InSeo , Choi Woong , Lee SangYoon
Published: July 2011

A thin and high performance input/output device consisting of capacitive touch sensors integrated on thin film encapsulated AMOLED is described. Internal electric field distribution and capacitance change trend was simulated to find and prove the optimal structure including touch input and display output units. To verify cross‐talk free operation of touch sensors on thin film encapsulated AMOLED, 4 inch diagonal size display‐TSP prototype was fabricated.
43.3: A Novel Flexible AMOLED with Touch Based on Flexible Universal Plane for Display Technology
Authors: Ho Jia‐Chong , Chang Yu‐Yang , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Chen Glory , Kung Chen‐Pang , Cheng Hua‐Chi , Yan Jing‐Yi , Yeh Shu‐Tang , Jiang Liang‐You , Chien Yu‐Han , Pan Heng‐Lin , Lee Cheng‐Chung
Published: July 2011

A flexible thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, OLED, and the flexible projective capacitive touch sensing film were successfully developed and integrated with colorless and transparent Polyimide (PI) substrate for the first flexible touch AMOLED display based on the flexible universal plane for display (FlexUPD) technology. This unique substrate handling technology is not only compatible with the current TFT manufacturing facilities but also allows us to use the same design rule of TFT backplane as that on the glass.
44.1: Invited Paper: High Luminous Efficacy PDP Using CaxMg1−xO Protecting Layer
Authors: Yan Qun (Frank) , Deng Xinqun , Lu Zhengxian , Xing Fangli , Zhang Xin , Tang Cuizhen , Wei Haicheng
Published: July 2011

Developing high gamma protective layer for high Xe concentration gas discharge is one of the most important way to achieve low power consumption Plasma TV. We have developed CaxMg1−xO(CMO) film and related processes for high Xe content PDP. The 50 inch CMO panel shows more than 20% increase of luminous efficacy and about 10 Volts voltage reduction in minimum sustain voltage.
44.4: UV Emission Characteristics of Crystal Type MgO, MgO:Si, MgO:Sc, and Mg0.85Ca0.15O
Authors: Kuang Wenjian , Tolner Harm , Li Qing , Pan Wen , Wang Ninghui
Published: July 2011

This paper compares the cathode luminescence UV‐spectra and microstructure of MgO, MgO:Si, MgO:Sc, and Mg0.85Ca0.15O crystals. The shift of the UV emission peaks is discussed and a hypothesis is proposed to explain both the different emission characteristics, and the possible relationship with exoemission and secondary electron emission.
45.2: Two Point Bending of Thin Glass Substrate
Authors: Gulati Suresh T. , Westbrook Jamie , Carley Stephen , Vepakomma Hemanth , Ono Toshihiko
Published: July 2011

The two‐point bend test has been used extensively for optical fiber strength and fatigue measurements. This paper extends the theory of 2‐point bending to thin glass substrates. The key advantages of the 2‐point bend test are 1) the simplicity of a test fixture and its operation, 2) the uniformity of a bend stress along the width of a substrate, 3) the inverse relationship between a bend stress and parallel plate spacing, and 4) the non‐contact bending.
45.4: Advanced Grinding Development for Laminated TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Hsiao , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chen Mau‐Song , Huang Tom
Published: July 2011

Reducing the overall thickness and weight of LCD panels for mobile display could enhance the aesthetic and eases use of portable display devices. However, laminated cells have unstable control on scribing and the edge strength would get decreased after grinding process. In this study, we illustrated an “advanced” grinding process which could remove the defect of scribed edge and get 40% enhancing by process optimized. Meanwhile, it also has 20%∼50% strength improving for laminated cells with thickness from 0.3mm to 0.8mm.
46.1: Directivity Enhanced BLU for Edge‐type Local Dimming
Authors: Kim YoungChan , Im HyunDeok , Lee MoonGyu , Choi HwanYoung
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we suggest an elegant and cost‐effective Backlight Unit which is slim and has locally confined light needed for 1‐dimensional local dimming and scanning. We fabricated LGP with micro‐structures patterned by CO2 Laser. Lights from LGP are well distributed and uniform with density control of micro‐patterns because they are continuous over the whole region of LGP. With one dimensional local dimming, we obtained 43% power‐saving effect and contrast ratio of 11400:1 without any hot spot and the artifact.
46.2: System Architecture and FPGA‐Implementation of the SSC Local Dimming Processor for an Edge‐Lit Serial TV
Authors: Jung Tobias , Albrecht Marc , Schäfer Daniel , Xu Chihao
Published: July 2011

We present an efficient hardware implementation of our local dimming processor which consists of a preprocessor (Condenser), the Sorted Sector Covering (SSC) algorithm and a postprocessor (Pixel Compensation) in a low‐cost FPGA. The system runs in a typical 40″ Full‐HD TV set with edge‐ LED. An equivalent visual quality like the undimmed version has been achieved, while the power consumption for the BLU with four LED units is reduced by 21%. In case of tolerating limited clipping artifacts, the power consumption can even be reduced by 46%.
46.3: Ultra Wide–Gamut LCD Using a Local Multi–Spectral Backlight
Authors: Hinnen Karel J. G. , Langendijk Erno H. A. , Hammer Martin
Published: July 2011

Conventional LCDs cover about 33% of the visible gamut in CIE1976 (u′, v′)‐chromaticity space. This paper describes a display concept covering more than 63%. It consists of an LCD and a backlight with 5 LED types. From the spectra, a model is derived. The model is used to examine the gamut. Computations are compared with measurements from a demonstrator.
7.1: Inverse Confocal Sensor Based on a Bidirectional OLED Display
Authors: Grossmann Constanze , Perske Franziska , Zwick Susanne , Riehemann Stefan , Herold Rigo , Richter Bernd , Vogel Uwe , Notni Gunther , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: July 2011

Bidirectional OLED‐based microdisplays offer interesting possibilities for new applications. Light emission and detection is combined on one single chip by using OLED on CMOS technology. Such a chip has primarily been developed for optocouplers or photo‐electric barriers, but it offers interesting possibilities for other fields. A new optical concept of an inverse confocal sensor based on bidirectional OLED Display will be presented.
46.4: Pixel‐Wise Intensity Compensation for Locally Dimmed Backlight Displays Based on an Objective Metric
Authors: Tasli H. Emrah , Sayinta Murat , Alatan A. Aydin
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a novel pixel compensation technique for Led backlight displays is proposed. The proposed technique explicitly computes the screen intensity distribution using the point spread function (PSF) of the individual Led groups to calculate per‐pixel‐based intensity decrease due to the dimmed Leds. The intensity of LCD values from 0 to 255 for RGB channels are measured to compensate intensity decrease due to dimming operation. In order to keep emitted intensity through each pixel for each RGB channel constant, the proposed method matches the original intensity distribution using an objective comparison metric. The implementation has been validated on Vestel Pixellence Led TV to achieve approximately 5M:1 dynamic contrast ratio.
47.1: Invited Paper: Progress in Green and Blue Laser Diodes and Their Application in Pico Projection Systems
Authors: Raring James W. , Schmidt Mathew C. , Poblenz Christiane , Mondry Mark J. , Rudy Paul , Speck James S. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji
Published: July 2011

With the emergence of the direct emission green laser diodes based on InGaN technologies, pico projection systems utilizing an all‐direct diode light engine will soon be available. Such systems will provide a wide range of benefits over existing light engine technologies. Here we will discuss these benefits and present Soraa's progress on the development of high‐efficiency direct diode green and blue lasers based on nonpolar/semipolar InGaN.
47.2: Solid‐State Lasers Emitting at Red, Green and Orange Wavelengths for Projection Applications
Authors: Weichmann Ulrich , Mackens Uwe , Moench Holger
Published: July 2011

Lasers will bring a further step in terms of compactness and efficiency for projection systems. However, the availability of suitable green laser sources limits the advent of laser projection. Blue diode pumped solid‐state lasers are presented here as one promising way to realize green, red and orange lasers that are specifically suited for projection applications.
47.4: 1 Watt Compact Green Laser for Projection Display
Authors: Gan Yi , Yang Lu , Xu Qingyang , Xu Changqing
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we demonstrate a compact efficient diode pumped solid state green laser based on a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal, which is suitable for low‐cost mass production. A linearly polarized 532 nm laser light greater than 1.02 Watt CW power was obtained, which corresponds to an optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 37.2%.
48.1: Distinguished Student Paper: A Depth‐Fused Multi‐Focal‐Plane Display Prototype Enabling Focus Cues in Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Hu Xinda , Hua Hong
Published: July 2011

Lack of focus cues in stereoscopic displays may have significant effects on depth perception accuracy and visual fatigue. In this paper, we present a depth‐fused six‐focal plane display prototype, capable of rendering nearly‐accurate focus cues for a depth range of 3 diopters with high image quality at flicker‐free speed.
48.2: Invited Paper: A Stereoscopic Display System for Medical Microsurgery that Utilizes a Small‐Sized High‐Resolution Field Sequential Color LCD
Authors: Wako Kazuhiro , Sekiya Kazuo , Murai Hiroshi , Kishimoto Tadashi , Nakano Shigeru , Mochizuki Ryo , Ishinabe Takahiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Suzuki Yoshito , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: July 2011

We have shown the effectiveness of small‐sized high‐resolution LCD monitor as a viewer of stereoscopic microscope in medical surgery, in comparison to the conventional optical microscope. This paper describes the concept of stereoscopic microsurgery and advantages of our 6.5inch‐diagonal full‐HD LCD monitor realized by utilizing OCB‐mode field sequential color method.
48.3: A Novel Touchable Floating Color Omnidirectional‐view Three‐dimensional Display
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Yan Caijie , Zheng Zhenrong , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: July 2011

Floating omnidirectional‐view three‐dimensional (3D) display combines the characteristic of autostereoscopic and volumetric displays, and floating occlusion‐capable highly multiview display is implemented. This paper presents principle of this system and analyzes display performance. Displaying a 3D scene floating in the air is achieved and the 3D scene is touchable.
48.5: Illumination Sensitive Three‐dimensional Display
Authors: Hong Jisoo , Hong Keehoon , Lee Byoungho
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose the novel 3D display system that changes its contents according to the direction of illumination. By adopting two lenslet arrays, we analyze the direction of the illumination and the changed elemental image is integrated as 3D image. The detailed configuration of the system is described and it is verified by the experimental results.
7.2: Integrated Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices as Real‐time and Indicator‐free Biosensor
Authors: Chao Yu‐Chiang , Yeh Shih‐De , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Chang Gao‐Fong , Hung Chen‐Hsiung , Meng Tzu‐Ching
Published: July 2011

A biosensor specific to nitric oxide is realized by integrating an organic light‐emitting diode, a photodetector, and a sensing hydrogel film. Two organic filters are also used to reduce the influence of the excitation light on the output photocurrent of the photodetector. The response time is less than 5 min.
49.1:Invited Paper: Emergent Oxide TFT Technologies for Next‐Generation AM‐OLED Displays
Authors: Arai Toshiaki , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: July 2011

We have developed high‐mobility, high‐reliability, low‐RC‐delay oxide TFTs. Their performances are good enough for AM‐OLED displays even for the large‐sized, super‐high‐resolution or high‐frame‐rate displays. In this paper, we discuss the status of oxide TFT development and the issues for the mass‐production of next‐generation AM‐OLED displays.
50.4: A Virtual Touched 3D Interactive Display with Embedded Optical Sensor Array for 5‐axis (x, y, z, θ, φ) Detection
Authors: Wang Guo‐Zhen , Ma Ming‐Ching , Tung Shang‐Yu , Huang Yi‐Pai , Tseng Hung‐Wei , Lo Jui‐Chi , Kuo Chung‐Hong
Published: July 2011

3D interactive display with embedded optical sensor was one of the interactive systems. Based on optical sensor based system, traditional algorithm which used LED light source as a 3D interactive device can only obtain three dimensional information(x, y and z) of LED. Furthermore, the traditional algorithm is difficult to calculate correct three dimensional information of LED when LED has inclined direction or has a rotation angle. Therefore, T mark algorithm was proposed to obtain 5‐axis information (x,y,z, θ, and φ)of LED no matter where LED was vertical or inclined to panel and whatever it rotated. Finally, the proposed algorithm was demonstrated to interact with auto‐stereoscopic images on 4‐inch panel in real time process.
51.2: Invited Paper: Improvement of Luminous Efficiency Using New Structure in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Hori Shinichiro , Murakoso Tomohiro , Otani Eishiro , Amemiya Kimio , Murai Ryuichi
Published: July 2011

A new discharge cell structure that has many patterned, reed‐shaped ITOs was developed. Use of this structure increases PDP discharge efficiency by 9% and decreases displacement power by 10%. This effect is the same as that of using a lower electric permittivity material for lower electric capacity.
7.3: A Window LCD Achieved by Color‐Sequential Methods
Authors: Tsai Chi‐Chung , Yu Shang‐Han , Chien Kuang‐Hung , Yin Hsueh‐Fang , Lin Tzu‐Pin
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a window LCD has been developed by using a color sequential panel. High transparency and well color saturation of a color sequential display were helpful for such applications. Relative information can be clearly displayed on the front panel of a demo‐box with products or exhibits inside.
52.1: A Study of Electrostatic Mura Specified for IPS LCD
Authors: Yoon Sunghoe , Kim Sooho , Song A‐Jung , Jang Ji‐Yun , Kim Eun‐Jung , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Kim Ji‐Soo , Choi Jae‐Ha , Song Hee‐Young , Lee Seok‐Ryoul
Published: July 2011

In order to protect from the electrostatic damage it is common to deposit ITO thin layer on the rear side of CF substrate for the IPS based LCDs. But some polarizer assay of an IPS cell was found losing its protection ability as stored in the humid environment at relatively high temperature while the cell itself did not show the significant change. We clarified the root‐cause and found the quality control factors.
52.4: Proposal of Zero‐Birefringence Pressure Sensitive Adhesives for Preventing the Light Leakage of LCDs
Authors: Ito Hiroto , Yanai Satoshi , Tagaya Akihiro , Koike Yasuhiro , Oda Sumihisa
Published: July 2011

To reduce the light leakage of LCDs, the birefringence of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was investigated. We proposed a novel birefringence measurement method for measuring the birefringence of PSAs. By this method, the birefringence was evaluated quantitatively. Consequently, we designed a zero‐birefringence PSA which does not exhibit birefringence at any orientation. This zero‐birefringence PSA successfully reduced the light leakage after the accelerated aging test. We clarified the correlation between the birefringence of PSAs and the light leakage.
53.1: Invited Paper: Recent Trend of LED Backlight with Local Dimming and its Application for Multi‐Primary‐Color Displays
Authors: Yoshida Yasuhiro , Otoi Katsuya , Mori Tomohiko , Tomizawa Kazunari
Published: July 2011

We will consider the characteristics of LED backlights discussing merits and demerits of those characteristics which we will summarize. We have also evaluated combination with multi‐primary color panels. By combining with multi‐primary color panels, it will be possible to create new effects in Local Dimming technology.
54.2: Bidirectional LCD Monitor using Single Backlight Unit
Authors: Han Jaejung , Kang Daeil , Byun Seoggyu , Moon Jeongmin , Lee Jaewon
Published: July 2011

Recently, as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors have been widely used in public places such as banks, hospitals, counseling offices, wholesale marts and theaters, there is an increasing demand on their function of mutual communication. Since the conventional 2D displays can be observed only in front of the displaying side, two‐way communication was achieved by spatial configuration of two or more monitors. This is not an efficient way in aspects of power consumption, space occupation and costs. Therefore, in this paper, the bidirectional LCD module with edge‐lit BLU (Backlight Unit) is proposed by utilizing LGP (Light Guide Plate) patterning technology, with a single BLU for simultaneous display. In particular, 40 % reduction in thickness, 15 % decreased power consumption, and 13.8 % of lower production cost is achieved when compared with a conventional bidirectional display.
54.4: Zoomable LED Spot Light with High Angular Beam Sharpness
Authors: Chiu Huan‐Ping , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Cheng Yao‐Chien , Wang Alex
Published: July 2011

A zoomable LED spot light with high angular beam sharpness has been made. The prototype is measured luminaire efficiency of 33.2%, total flux output of 4320 lm and central illuminance of 8940 lux at a distance of three meter. A qualitative definition as F/B ratio (F: field angle; B: beam angle) to evaluate the angular beam sharpness is proposed. The prototype has an F/B ratio of 1.35 compared to F/B ratio of 2 for the conventional low‐power LED spot lights. Finally, a novel design with in‐rod reflectors and a single integrator rod that has F/B ratio of 1.1 is also presented.
55.1: Diversity and Coherence of 3D Crosstalk Measurements
Authors: Blondé Laurent , Sacré Jean‐Jacques , Doyen Didier , Huynh‐Thu Quan , Thébault Cédric
Published: July 2011

3D crosstalk is a major contributor to 3D quality loss and visual fatigue on stereoscopic displays. This paper presents several 3D crosstalk measurement methods and discusses the coherence between methods, towards the derivation of meaningful quality indicators. It also identifies the need of synthetic indicators for complex crosstalk effects.
55.2: A Simulation Platform and Crosstalk Analysis for Patterned Retarder 3D Display
Authors: Ma Chih‐Yao , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Tsao Cheng‐Han
Published: July 2011

The optical properties in the patterned retarder system are discussed and calculated. The general equation is derived which helped to build a platform simulating the optical performance of patterned retarder 3D display. With this platform, the designers can optimize parameters to improve viewing quality and drastically save time and cost.
56.2: Analysis and Interpretation of Degradation Mechanism of OLED with p‐doping Layer
Authors: Song WonJun , Lee SunHee , Han Kyul , Koh SungSoo , Park IlSoo , Yoon JiWhan , Lee KwanHee , Lee JongHuk , Kim SungChul , Lee ChangHee
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate that the new structure show an outstanding EL Lifetime that is 2 times higher than in the reference device. We explain the degradation mechanism of p‐doping layer on the charge injection in organic light‐emitting diode. Generally, p‐doping layer has the ability to reduce the interface barrier between Anode and HTL, the role of simplifying the multi‐layer. But, except of power consumption, there is not the detailed report of analyzing the degradation depending on the p‐doping efficiency which means the relative yield of charge transfer complex between p‐dopant and HTL. In order to understand the underlying cause and mechanism of degradation in OLED consisted of p‐doped system, Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) was used. Using AC with frequency sweep and DC measurement, it's possible to differentiate between bulk and interface properties and find their effect on the degradation mechanism. Using IS we will show how different factors contribute to the overall degradation mechanism, and how by changing them we can achieve the lifetime improvement.
56.4: New Deep Blue Fluorescent Materials and Their Application to High Performance OLEDs
Authors: Kawamura Yuichiro , Kuma Hitoshi , Funahashi Masakazu , Kawamura Masahiro , Mizuki Yumiko , Saito Hiroyuki , Naraoka Ryo , Nishimura Kazuki , Jinde Yukitoshi , Iwakuma Toshihiro , Hosokawa Chishio
Published: July 2011

We developed highly efficient deep blue fluorescent materials. The bottom‐emission OLED showed a CIE1931 coordinate of (0.14, 0.08) and a current efficiency of 6.5 cd/A with using a new efficiency‐enhancement layer. We achieved CIEy of 0.062, a current efficiency of 7.5 cd/A and lifetime (LT95) of 2,000 hrs by depositing a new organic capping layer on a top‐emission blue OLEDs, A hybrid white OLED by stacking a deep blue fluorescence and a phosphorescent red/green stacked yellow was also demonstrated which has an efficacy of 23 lm/W and color temperature of 10,000 K at 10 mA/cm2 and lifetime (LT50) of over 60,000 hrs at a luminance of 1,000 cd/m2.
8.1: Quarter Wave Retardation Film for Improving Viewing Angle Properties in Time‐Sequential Stereoscopic 3D Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Ishiguro Makoto , Ohmuro Katsufumi , Saitoh Yukito , Takahashi Yuta , Watanabe Jun , Miyazaki Keiichi , Mihayashi Keiji
Published: July 2011

We investigated how to achieve desired optical properties of quarter wave retardation films QWFs that increase the viewing angle of time‐sequential stereoscopic 3D liquid crystal displays LCDs, such as high luminance, low crosstalk, low color change, and low head‐tilt‐angle dependency. These display properties were strongly affected by the out‐of plane retardation Rth of the QWF. We developed QWFs whose in‐plane and out‐of‐plane retardation are independently controllable by adjustment of a polymerized discotic material layer and a triacetate cellulose film, and 3D‐LCDs with high viewing angle properties were realized using these QWFs whose Rth was nearly zero.
57.3: The Effect of Touch Screen Hand Stability Method on Performance & Subjective Preference in Turbulence
Authors: Lancaster Jeff , De Mers Bob , Rogers Bill , Smart Andy , Whitlow Stephen
Published: July 2011

Eight participants conducted representative flight deck display interaction tasks using a touch screen fitted with four hand stabilization methods in turbulent motion conditions simulated by off‐road driving on a bumpy surface. A variety of objective and subjective data were gathered including workload, time on task, error rate, and electromyography (EMG) captured at the participants' forearms. Results indicated no significant differences in task performance across the hand stabilization methods, while preference ratings and comments significantly favored the “rails” hand stabilization method. EMG data indicated that the “slider” stabilization method reduced the variability in the EMG signal for all subjects. The results suggest that participants required at least some form of hand stabilization to support completion of flight deck tasks when using a touch screen in turbulent conditions.
57.4: Invited Paper: The Breadth—Depth Dichotomy: Opportunities and Crises in Expanding Sensing Capabilities
Authors: Wigdor Daniel
Published: July 2011

A simple touch is not simple. What we think of as “touch” actually includes a variety of object‐sensing technologies and an even wider variety of information that can be detected about the sensed objects. This wide range of capabilities forces developers to choose between designing once for a “lowest‐common‐denominator” platform (breadth) or significantly redesigning their software for each hardware capability (depth). This dichotomy threatens the future of touch computing as a platform for innovation.
58.1: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient and Long Life MIM Cathodes for FEDs
Authors: Kusunoki Toshiaki , Suzuki Mutsumi , Sagawa Masakazu , Nishimura Etsuko , Ikeda Mitsuharu , Mikami Yoshiro , Hirano Tatsumi , Tsuji Kazutaka
Published: July 2011

The lifetime of MIM cathodes was lengthened to more than 20,000 hours by using a thinner tunneling insulator (6.9 nm), while the emission efficiency was enhanced to more than 3% by mixing CsHCO3 into a Au/Pt/Ir top electrode. The mechanism of long life and high efficiency will be discussed.
59.1: Invited Paper: LTPS Backplane Technologies for AMLCDs and AMOLEDs
Authors: Kim Chi Woo , Jung Jin Goo , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Deok Hui , Yi Chung , Kim Hye Dong , Choi Yun Ho , Im James
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we review various LTPS backplane technologies based on laser‐crystallization and other related methods that have been applied to AMLCD and AMOLED displays. The TFT performances obtained by different melt‐mediated crystallization methods with excimer laser and solid phase crystallization will be compared. The technical issues of the image quality and the resolution will be discussed.