bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource for Developing Persuasion Communication Systems: Key Variables, Techniques and Theories
Authors: braca annye , Dondio Pierpaolo
Published: December 2022

Persuasion can be seen as a higher-level, abstract and complex cognitive process. Within the field of persuasion theory and research, there are a myriad of overlapping concepts and techniques which can lead to ambiguity and potential confusion in the choice of the most appropriate strategies. Persuasion communication is integral to areas including social psychology, marketing, health communications and political campaigning. Based on a review of persuasion theory and research, we collate and outline the most important variables to be collected when designing a persuasion model and the most commonly used models of persuasion. This paper also presents a taxonomy which outlines the landscape of persuasion techniques and which, along with presented examples, may assist in message tailoring and developing data-driven models of persuasive communication. We believe this paper can be a valuable resource to support researchers and practitioners in expediting and enhancing the process of data collection, selection of persuasion techniques and models of persuasive communication, and ultimately in the realisation of a more adequate and effective persuasion system.
Ingenuity of overlap esophagojejunostomy using a linear stapler in laparoscopic total or proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Hirahara Noriyuki , Matsubara Takeshi , Hayashi HIkota , Takai Kiyoe , Hyakudomi Ryoji , Yamamoto Tetsu , Zotani Hitomi , Taniura Takahito , Ishitobi Kazunari , Tajima Yoshitsugu
Published: December 2022

Background: Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy in laparoscopy-assisted total or proximal gastrectomy is highly difficult. We developed ingenuity of overlap esophagojejunostomyusing a linear stapler to avoid stapler-related intraoperative complications.
Methods: After lymph node dissection was completed, the esophagus was transected in the anterior-posterior direction. The jejunum was divided with a linear stapler approximately 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. A small enterotomy was then created at 5 cm distal from the elevated jejunal stump to insert the linear stapler cartridge. A full-thickness incision was created with an electric knife using the tip of the nasogastric tube (NGT) pressed against the posterior wall side of the esophageal stump as a guide. Full-thickness sutures were applied on both the anterior and posterior walls of the entry hole in the esophageal stump to prevent mis-insertion of the anvil fork into the submucosal layer of esophagus. The thread on the posterior wall side was guided to the outside of the abdominal cavity through the port, into which the linear stapler was inserted to perform side-to-side anastomosis. A 45-mm cartridge fork and an anvil fork were inserted to the entry holes of the elevated jejunum and the esophageal stump, respectively. The esophageal stump was gently grasped. The thread on the posterior wall side was pulled from outside of the abdominal cavity through the port to eliminate the gap between the esophageal wall and the jejunal wall. The linear stapler was fired to create anastomosis after confirming that the anvil fork was not mis-inserted into the submucosal layer of esophagus and there was no gap between the esophagus and the elevated jejunum. The insertion hole was closed with hand-sewn sutures or linear staples to complete the esophagojejunostomy.
Results:Seven patients received this procedure with no stapler-related complications.
Conclusions: This method enables us to perform an easier and more stable esophagojejunostomy.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sirwan River by Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HIP) and Metal Index (MI)
Authors: Sarhat Abdulmutalib Raafat , Al-Obaidi Basim Shakir
Published: December 2022

The study aims to evaluate the quality of Sirwan River water based on its heavy metal contents by using two of the most recent indexes regarding heavy metals which are: the heavy metal pollution index HIP and metal index MI. In this term, twenty four (24) stations sampling were selected along with the Sirwan River from downstream of Darbandikhan Dam to the border of Jalawlaa Sub-district. Seven heavy metals including Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni), and Chromium (Cr) were analyzed by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP). The average value of the HPI index was found to be (47.2) and (12.8) for drinking and irrigation uses respectively which indicates water in Sirwan River is seriously polluted for drinking purposes; while, it falls under (the pure) class for irrigation uses. Also, the results of (MI) for domestic and irrigation uses were seen to be (5.7) which falls under the (seriously affected) class and (0.65) under the (pure) class respectively. Therefore, the study revealed the effect of man-made sources on the pollution load of Sirwan River water.
Belief that addiction is a discrete category is a stronger correlate with stigma than the belief that addiction is biologically based
Authors: Siddiqui Hasan , Rutherford M. D.
Published: December 2022

Background Drug addiction is stigmatized, and this stigma contributes to poor outcomes for individuals with addiction. Researchers have argued that providing genetic explanations of addiction will reduce stigma (Richter et al., 2019), but there has been limited research testing this prediction. Methods We presented participants with news articles that either provided genetic or anti-genetic explanations of addiction. Results Participants’ biological essentialism correlated with stigma in the context of both opioid and methamphetamine addiction. However, participants’ non-biological essentialism was a significantly stronger correlate with stigma. Conclusions This suggests that other essentialist beliefs, like belief that categories are discrete, may be more useful than biological essentialism for understanding addiction stigma.
Evaluating the role of social media in providing support for family caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Miller Bill , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Erlander Beth , Robillard Julie , Cathcart Heather
Published: December 2022

Study Design: Quantitative Study
Objectives: The study aimed to explore Family Caregivers of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (FC-SCI) social media use patterns, most frequently used platforms, importance of social media for receiving and providing support, and type of social support (i.e., social companionship, emotional support, informational support) that FC-SCI receive or provide online.
Setting: FC-SCI participants from Canada and USA.
Methods: FC-SCI responded to measures regarding the social media platforms they use to access support, the importance of each platform, and the types of online social support they access through social media.
Results: Sample consisted of 115 FC-SCI. Most caregivers were a partner or spouse of the individual with SCI (n=110) and female (n=111). Majority of FC-SCI spent 1-3 hours daily on social media (n=74), and Facebook was used predominantly (n=108) to access support. For receiving or providing support, Facebook was ranked most important (60%). The mean differences and stand deviation were found for the types of social support: emotional support (25.93 ± 7.60), social companionship (23.85 ± 7.46), and informational support (27.24 ± 7.50).
Conclusions: Using social media for informational support is desired by FC-SCI as it is easily accessible, and time-efficient. The prevalent use of social media for support by FC-SCI demonstrates that social media, particularly Facebook, is a valued platform for support. The support benefits for the mental and physical health of caregivers should be further evaluated.
Observation of Liquid-Liquid Transitions in the Hydrogen Bond Network of Water in "No-Man's Land" at Ambient Temperature and High Pressure
Authors: Li Yunliang , Zhu Jiangrui , Dai Jian-Hong , Wang Yanlei , Wang Guosheng , Huang Yongfeng , Song Hongyan , Wang Chenlu , Zhang Jia , Zheng Xu , Tao Wei , Yuan Shuaikang , Liu Chang , Liu Ying , Meng Sheng , Zhang Suojiang , Fang Weihai , Miller R. J. Dwayne , He Hongyan , Yu Xiao Hui
Published: December 2022

The liquid–liquid transition (LLT) in supercooled water is one of the most discussed topics in explaining the anomalous properties of water. Direct evidence of the LLT is challenging because of spontaneous crystallization in the deep supercooled region of the phase diagram. Here, combining diamond anvil cell technology with 2D-IR spectroscopy, we measured the fluctuation dynamics of hydrogen bonds in water and the conformation changes induced by changes in pressure at a room temperature of 23°C. The abrupt transition behavior at critical pressures is directly observed for the first time. Based on the deep-going theoretical simulations, this rapid onset is attributed to the collapse of linear hydrogen bonds within the tetrahedral configurations of water at the critical point. This transition provides valuable new insight in understanding the nature of water in the so called “no-man's land” for following the structural dynamics of water.
Changes in plasticity of the pelvic girdle from infancy to late adulthood in Homo sapiens
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria
Published: December 2022

Previous research on the effects of body mass on the pelvic girdle focused mostly on adult females and males. Because the ontogenetic plasticity level in the pelvis remains largely unknown, this study investigated how the association between body mass index (BMI) and pelvic shape changes during development. It also assessed how the large variation in pelvic shape could be explained by the number of live births in females. Data included CT scans of 308 humans from infancy to late adulthood with known age, sex, body mass, body stature, and number of live births (for adult females). 3D reconstruction and geometric morphometrics was used to analyze pelvic shape. Multivariate regression showed a significant association between BMI and pelvic shape in young females and old males. The association between the number of live births and pelvic shape in females was not significant. Less plasticity in pelvis shape in adult females than during puberty, perhaps reflects adaptation to support the abdominopelvic organs and the fetus during pregnancy. Non-significant susceptibility to BMI in young males may reflect bone maturation accelerated by excessive body mass. Hormonal secretion and biomechanical loading associated with pregnancy may not have a long-term effect on the pelvic morphology of females.
Comparative study of growth and HSP70 gene expression in Japanese quails fed different levels of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens
Authors: El-Sayed MohammedAhmed , Hatab Mahmoud H , Ibrahim Nashaat S , Assi HebaAbdelwahab Mahmoud , Saleh Hisham M , Sayed Waheed AA , Rumpold Birgit A
Published: December 2022

Background:Edible insects are considered a promising nutritious, sustainable alternative protein source for feed. The effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), meal on growth performance, heat stress-responses (HS) and heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression in gendered Japanese quail were assessed. The quails were fed on three different diets containing 100% soybean meal (diet A), 50% soybean and 50% Hermetia illucensmeal (diet B) and 100% Hermetia illucensmeal (diet C).
Results:the results revealed that overall live body weight(LBW), the relative weight of carcass, small intestine, heart, liver, gender organs, spleen and bursa of Fabriciusof quails were significantly elevated for diet B and C as compared to diet. A. The interaction of dietary treatment and HS had a significant effect on the diet A group's LBW, the relative weight of carcass, and measured organs, whereas the diet B and diet C groups had no or least effect on their traits. Investigating HSP70 gene expressionwith HS exposure in control diet A was 13.215. While, the diet B was expressed of 8.487with the HSP70 gene. Moreover, the gene expression of the birds fed on diet C was3.203.
Conclusion:Our findings point to a beneficial role for Hermetia illucensmeal as a quail feed in improving growth performance and combating the negative effects of HS exposure on bird growth.
Does Renewable Energy affect Environmental Sustainability? Nexus among Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, CO2 Emissions, Income Inequality and Economic Growth
Authors: Ramos-Meza Carlos Samuel , Arocutipa Javier Pedro Flores , Huallpa Jorge Jinchuña , Palomo Erika Eleana Corzo , Huarcaya Valery Kimiyo Gamero , Acuña Yeni Gutiérrez , Martinez Juan Carlos Valencia
Published: December 2022

This research explores the relationship among renewable energy consumption (REC), trade openness, carbon emanations, and income inequality on economic growth. This study takes fifteen (15) OECD nations data sets starting from 1997 to 2020 by employing the AMG assessor, which takes into account slope heterogeneity (SH) and CSD. The empirical outcomes confirm a significant favorable long-run relationship between these nexuses, except for carbon emanations, which are adversely related to REC. Notwithstanding, it has been discovered that there is bidirectional causality between income inequality and REC.JEL Classification:D47
The Impact of Waiting Time for Total Hip Arthroplasty on Progression of Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Brunnader Lars , Draschl Alexander , Smolle Maria , Leitner Lukas , Leithner Andreas , Maurer-Ertl Werner
Published: December 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to discover possible correlations between longer waiting times and radiologically visible deterioration of hip osteoarthritis in a retrospective, single-centre study.
Methods: Radiographs of the affected hip taken at time of registration in the institution’s waiting list as well as x-rays of the same hip at time of hospital admission for THA were ascertained together with demographic and clinical variables. Correlations between waiting time and changes in radiological criteria, as well as deterioration of hip osteoarthritis and clinical variables, were analysed with uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Median waiting time was 19.5 weeks (IQR: 8.3 – 29.7 weeks). Patients experiencing deterioration of hip osteoarthritis from initial to preoperative x-ray, as reflected by increasing KL score (n=47; median waiting time 26.7 weeks [IQR: 15.0 – 39.4]) had a significantly longer waiting time for THA than patients without worsening of hip osteoarthritis (n=245; median waiting time 18.9 weeks [IQR: 7.7 – 29.0]; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in waiting time depending on gender (p=0.545), cup destruction (p=0.682), or patient age (F(1.290) = 0.11; p=0.835). Notably, no significant correlation between likelihood of hip osteoarthritis progression and patient age (p=0.813), CAM-type impingement (p=0.319), coxa profunda (p=0.116) or gender (p=0.064) was found. In the multivariate logistic regression model, time delay until THA remained significantly associated with worsening of hip osteoarthritis, irrespective of gender, CAM type impingement and coxa profunda at baseline.
Conclusion: Our findings support the assumption that longer waiting times may lead to worsening of radiological signs of hip osteoarthritis.
Educational Intervention Based on Health Action Model to Promote Safe Behavior of Hospital Workers
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Vahedian-sharoodi Mohammad , Joghatei Zahra , Esmaily Habibullah , Tehrani Hadi
Published: December 2022

Background:

Hospitals are the most dangerous health service centers in the health system, and their service workers are exposed to all kinds of serious risks, which in some cases are life-threatening. So The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health action model to promote the safe behavior of hospital workers.

Methods:

Several 45 workers in each of the control and intervention groups participated in a quasi-experimental study. Demographic information and data related to health action model constructs were collected through a questionnaire and a checklist, immediately and three months after the intervention. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to confirm the properties of the tools. Educational intervention accompanied was applied in the form of four training classes. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

Results:

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographics and the study’s main variables. Three months after the intervention training, however, results showed significant changes in mean scores of safe behavior (12.53 ± 1.68), Attitude (16.06 ± 2.6), norms (29.24 ± 4.25), belief (52.71 ± 4.42), intention (33.24 ± 1.44), knowledge (41.97 ± 1.68) in the experimental group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The research results show that Health action model educational intervention can change workers’ awareness, attitudes, norms, beliefs, and intentions toward unsafe behavior and improve their safety performance.
Trial registration: IRCTID: IRCT20160619028529N7
3rd Degree Polynomial Model: Is It Best Non-Linear Model for the Estimation of Growth Curve in Anatolian Black Cattle?
Authors: SAKAR Çağrı Melikşah , Koncagül Seyrani , ÜNAL İlker
Published: December 2022

In this study, it was aimed to estimate the growth curve of live weights from birth to 24 months of age in Anatolian Black Cattle raised for conservation purposes. For this purpose, a total of 493 weight records of 113 animals at birth, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were examined in the study. Six different non-linear models were used to describe the growth curve of animals, these are 2nd degree polynomial, 3rd degreee polynomial, Logistic, Brody, Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models. In the study, R2 values of these models determined 0.997, 0.999, 0.953, 0.979, 0.924 and 0.862; corel (correlation between the observed and estimated) were 0.994, 0.998, 0.989, 0.993, 0.961 and 0.703; Residual Standart Deviation were 3.216, 1.388, 11.533, 3.561, 14.736 and 27.141 respectively. According to these values, it was determined that the 3rd degree polynomial model was best described the growth curve of Anatolian Black. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the values predicted by this model deviated by 1–3 kg from the observed values in all periods and in all environmental factors examined (sex, dam age, parity, birth year and birth season). It was determined that these differences increased up to 4–5 kg only in the 18-month period. The results also showed that Anatolian Black continued to grow after 24 months of age. As a result, activities such as sexual maturity age, breeding age and slaughter age can be easily predicted by determining the model that best describes growth and development in herds.
Joint extraction of Chinese medical entities and relations based on RoBERTa and single-module global pointer
Authors: Li Dongmei , Yang Yu , Cui Jinman , Meng Xianghao , Qu Jintao , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: December 2022

Background: Most Chinese joint entity and relation extraction tasks in medicine involve numerous nested entities, overlapping relations, and other challenging extraction issues. In response to these problems, some traditional methods decompose the joint extraction task into multiple steps or multiple modules, resulting in local dependency in the meantime.
Methods: To alleviate this issue, we propose a joint extraction model of Chinese medical entities and relations based on RoBERTa and single-module global pointer, namely RSGP, which formulates joint extraction as a global pointer linking problem. Considering the uniqueness of Chinese language structure, we introduce the RoBERTa-wwm pre-training language model at the encoding layer to obtain a better embedding representation. Then, we represent the input sentence as a three-dimensional matrix and score each position in the matrix to prepare for the subsequent process of decoding the triples. In the end, we design a novel single-module global pointer decoding approach to alleviate the generation of redundant information. Specifically, we analyze the decoding process of single character entities individually, improving the time and space performance of RSGP to some extent.
Results: In order to verify the effectiveness of our model in extracting Chinese medical entities and relations, we carry out the experiments on the public dataset, CMeIE. Experimental results show that RSGP performs significantly better on the joint extraction of Chinese medical entities and relations, and achieves state-of-the-art results compared with baseline models.
Conclusion: The proposed RSGP can effectively extract entities and relations from Chinese medical texts and help to realize the structure of Chinese medical texts, so as to provide high-quality data support for the construction of Chinese medical knowledge graphs.
Sleep disturbances are associated with irritability in ASD children with sensory sensitivities
Authors: Haimovich Alona Molcho , Tikotzky Liat , Meiri Gal , Ilan Michal , Michaelovski Analya , Schtaierman Hen , Golan Hava M. , Sadaka Yair , Menashe Idan , Dinstein Ilan
Published: December 2022

Background: Parent reports suggest that 44-84% of children with ASD exhibit sleep disturbances that are of clinical concern. Previous studies have reported that, in children with ASD, the severity of sleep disturbances is associated with the severity of either sensory problems or aberrant behaviors, but none have performed combined analyses with measures of both sensory and aberrant behaviors symptom domains from the same children.
Methods: we examined parent reports of 237 children with ASD, 1.4-8.7 years old, using the child sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), sensory profile (SP), and aberrant behaviors checklist (ABC).
Results: The analyses revealed that sleep disturbances were most strongly associated with SP sensory sensitivity and ABC irritability scores. Together these scores explained 35% of the variance in total CSHQ scores. Moreover, sensory sensitivity scores moderated the association between irritability and sleep disturbances, indicating that sleep disturbances were significantly associated with irritability only in children with moderate to severe sensory sensitivities.
Conclusion: We suggest that the three symptom domains may interact and exacerbate each other such that successful intervention in one symptom domain may have positive impact on the others. Further intervention studies testing this hypothesis are highly warranted.
Trial registration: N/A
Do Multilateral Environmental Agreements Explain Vulnerability to Climate Change in Developing Countries?
Authors: TSOMB Etienne Inedit Blaise TSOMB , Atangana Henri Ondoa
Published: December 2022

Developing countries (DCs), despite their low contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, are now among the most active countries in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). This growing interest of developing countries in multilateral environmental agreements comes at a time when the scale of climate change and its consequences for developing countries are tending to increase. This article, therefore, aims to examine the role of MEAs in the vulnerability of developing countries to climate change. The study is conducted using panel data collected from 72 developing countries between 1995 and 2017. The results obtained by the two stages least squares method applied on a fixed effects panel show that MEAs reduce the vulnerability to climate change of DCs. However, the results also show that this effect varies according to the sector or the component of vulnerability to climate change considered. Thus, it appears that MEAs reduce vulnerability to climate change in the ecosystem, infrastructure, housing, and water sectors, whereas they increase vulnerability to climate change in the food and health sectors. Furthermore, the effect of MEAs on vulnerability to climate change increases with the degree of preparedness of developing countries to effectively use climate change adaptation investments. Finally, the results show that the level of development and the geographical location of developing countries have an impact on their vulnerability to climate change.
JEL Classification: Q40, Q54, Q58
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling provides clues to molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in chickpea
Authors: Akbari Alireza , Ismaili Ahmad , Amirbakhtiar Nazanin , Pouresmael Masoumeh , Shobbar Zahra-Sadat
Published: December 2022

Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated in several countries. A sudden drop in autumn temperature, freezing winter temperature, and late spring cold events result in significant losses in chickpea production. The current study used RNA sequencing of two cold tolerant (Saral) and sensitive (ILC533) Kabuli chickpea genotypes to identify cold tolerance-associated genes/pathways. A total of 200.85 million raw reads were acquired from the leaf samples by Illumina sequencing, and around 86% of the clean reads (199 million) were mapped to the chickpea reference genome. The results indicated that 3710 (1980 up- and 1730 down-regulated) and 3473 (1972 up- and 1501 down-regulated) genes were expressed differentially under cold stress in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. According to the GO enrichment analysis of uniquely down-regulated genes under cold stress in ILC533, photosynthetic membrane, photosystem II, chloroplast part, and photosystem processes were enriched, revealing that the photosynthesis is severely sensitive to cold stress in this sensitive genotype. Many remarkable transcription factors (CaDREB1E, CaMYB4, CaNAC47, CaTCP4, and CaWRKY33), signaling/regulatory genes (CaCDPK4, CaPP2C6, CaMKK2, and CaHSFA3), and protective genes (CaCOR47, CaLEA3, and CaGST) were identified among the cold-responsive genes of the tolerant genotype. These findings would help improve cold tolerance across chickpea genotypes by molecular breeding or genetic engineering.
Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Migrasalud questionnaire for the assessment of mental health and well-being in the migratory process
Authors: Mellor-Marsá Blanca , Franch-Roca Marta , Butt Fajar Matloob Ahmed , Elmokhtari Rachid El Hafi , Villalobos Felipe , He Yuelu , Rahhab Wafae Moussaoui , Qureshi Shazra Javed , Begum Misbah Yousaf , Schiller Iris Andrea González , González Sergio Salinas , Bayes-Marin Ivet , Gabarrell-Pascuet Aina , Alós-Belenguer Mª Carmen , Lloret-Pineda Amanda , Ayad-Ahmed Wala , Sainz-Elías Helena , Roura-Adserias María , Lopez Gema Fariñas , Salomon-Mallat Elisabet , López Yolanda Osorio , Cabeza Mercedes Espinal , Pareja Lola Aparicio , Bobo Óscar D Alvarez , Haro Josep Maria , Cristóbal-Narváez Paula
Published: December 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to follow different language adaptation steps towards conceptual equivalence to guarantee the cross-cultural applicability of an instrument that explored the relationship between migration, and mental health barriers and protective factors. The procedures followed during the process may provide practical guidance for intercultural research designs.
Methods: A translation protocol based on a cross-cultural study aiming (+18) migrants who arrived in Barcelona in the last 5 years –most frequently Pakistani, Arabic, Chinese, English but also Latino or Spanish-speaking communities- was developed consisting on four stages -1) translation; 2) back-translation; 3) synthesis and 4) pre-testing- and applied to individuals in a sample representative of the 5 target languages-. Team-based translation experts, multicultural translators and a systematically constructed method for translation and back-translation from source and target languages where some of the strategies for transparency and reproducibility of scientific methods.
Discussion: The present work implied the translation and back-translation of the instrument and was comprehensively conducted to achieve concept equivalence between the original questionnaire version with the translated version in detecting mental health deterioration or empowerment in the context of international migration.
Trial registration: not applicable
Resolution of an insidious and migratory Mycobacterium tuberculosis- associated secondary organizing pneumonia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Li-Li , Wang Chun , Liu Ying , Gu Xiao-Yan , Wang Wei-Xiao , Chen Wei , Hu Chun-Mei
Published: December 2022

Background: Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a rare interstitial lung disease. Secondary organizing pneumonia (SOP) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is extremely rare. Migratory MTB-associated SOP is more deceptive and dangerous. When insidious tuberculosis (TB) is not recognized, SOP would be misdiagnosed as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). Use of steroid hormone alone leads to the progression of TB foci or even death. Clues of distinguishing atypical TB at the background of OP is urgently needed.
Case presentation: A 56-year-old female patient was hospitalized into the local hospital because of cough and expectoration for more than half a month. Her medical history and family history showed no relation to TB or other lung diseases. Community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed and anti-infection therapy was initialized but invalid. The patient suffered from continuous weigh loss. More puzzling, the lesions were migratory based on CT images. The patient was then transferred to our hospital. The immunological indexes of infection in blood and pathogenic tests in sputum and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were negative. The percutaneous lung puncture biopsy and pathological observation confirmed OP, but without granulomatous lesions. Additionally, pathogen detection of the punctured lung tissues by mNGS were all negative. COP was highly suspected. Fortunately, the targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) detected MTB in the punctured lung tissues and MTB-associated SOP was definitely diagnosed. The combined therapy of anti-TB and prednisone was administrated. After treatment for 10 days, the partial lesions were significantly resorbed and the patient was discharged. In the follow-up of half a year, the patient was healthy.
Conclusions: It is difficult to distinguish SOP from COP in clinical practice. Diagnosis of COP must be very cautious. Transient small nodules and cavities in the early lung image are a clue to consider TB, even though all pathogen tests are negative. tNGS is also a powerful tool to detect pathogen, ensuring prompt diagnosis of TB-related SOP. For clinicians in TB high burden countries, we encourage them to keep TB in mind before making a final diagnosis of COP.
Hybridization of papain molecules and DNA- wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes evaluated by atomic force microscopy in fluids
Authors: Kitamura Masaki , Umemura Kazuo
Published: December 2022

Although various conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules, such as nanobiosensors and nanobiodevices, have been reported, the conjugation of papain and SWNTs have not been reported because of the formation of unexpected aggregates. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid was used to investigate the interactions between papain and DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA–SWNTs) at two different pH values (pH 3.0 and 10.5). The direct AFM observation of the mixture of papain and DNA–SWNTs confirmed the aggregation of papain molecules with DNA–SWNTs in the buffer solutions. The numerous and non-uniform adsorption of papain molecules onto DNA–SWNTs was more pronounced at pH 3.0 than that at pH 10.5. Furthermore, thick conjugates appeared when papain and DNA–SWNTs were simultaneously mixed. The near-infrared photoluminescence spectra of the SWNTs drastically changed when the papain molecules were injected into the DNA–SWNT suspension at pH 3.0. Thus, the regulation of electrostatic interactions is a key aspect in preparing optimal conjugates of papain and DNA–SWNTs. Furthermore, although previous papers reported AFM images of dried samples, this study demonstrates the potential of AFM in liquid in evaluating individual bioconjugates of SWNTs.
Violence Against Doctors Working in Paediatric Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan: Frequency and Risk Factors
Authors: Musaad Walaa , Arabi A. M
Published: December 2022

Background:Healthcare workplace violence (WPV) is under-reported, universal and it is not given enough attention in medical education and continuing professional development (CPD). Incidents originated from multiple factors related to the patient, doctor, and organization. Effective training and awareness are key corners to tackling the problem.Objectives:To study the frequency and risk factors of violence among doctors working in paediatric hospitals in Khartoum state.Methodology:Descriptive cross-sectional study in 4 paediatric hospitals in Khartoum state in 2021, involving 189 doctors. Data was collected using a semi-structured, self-administrated questionnaire.Results:It was found that 152 (80.4%) were females and 37 (19.6%) were males. Violence has been encountered by 65.6% during their entire career in paediatric medical service. 74.6% have been exposed to one or more types of violence during the past year. Out of them, 86.2% and 11.32% encountered emotional violence and physical violence respectively. 1 in 50 victims experienced sexual harassment. No association was elicited between exposure to any type of violence and gender, age, length of service, or marital status. There was a strong association between professional level and experiencing violence (p-value 0.000) and particularly emotional violence (p-value 0.000). The lesser professional experiences the more it is likely to face emotional violence. About half of emotional, physical, and sexual violence victims did not react after the event. Those who experienced physical violence have a higher frequency rate of reporting violence than participants who experienced other violent types and this reporting was mostly to the superior i.e., informally. Only 5% of the participants got training in violence prevention and management.Conclusion:Violence is common among doctors in paediatric hospitals. Attention should be paid to improving doctor-patient settings and investing in violence prevention and management education.
nRCFV: A new, dataset-size-independent metric to quantify compositional heterogeneity in nucleotide and amino acid datasets
Authors: Fleming James F , Struck Torsten H
Published: December 2022

Motivation
Compositional heterogeneity – when the proportions of nucleotides and amino acids are not broadly similar across the dataset - is a cause of a great number of phylogenetic artefacts. Whilst a variety of methods can identify it post-hoc, few metrics exist to quantify compositional heterogeneity prior to the computationally intensive task of phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Here we assess the efficacy of one such existing, widely used, metric: Relative Composition Frequency Variability (RCFV), using both real and simulated data.
Results
Our results show that RCFV can be biased by sequence length, the number of taxa, and the number of possible character states within the dataset. However, we also find that missing data does not appear to have an appreciable value on RCFV. We discuss the theory behind this, the consequences of this for the future of the usage of the RCFV value and propose a new metric, nRCFV, which accounts for these biases. Alongside this, we present a new software that calculates both RCFV and nRCFV, called nRCFV_Reader.
Availability and Implementation
nRCFV has been implemented in RCFV_Reader, available at: https://github.com/JFFleming/RCFV_Reader. Both our simulation and real data are available at Datadryad.
Subtask performance of Timed Up and Go test in maintenance hemodialysis patients based on computer vision: a comparison with healthy controls
Authors: Jiao Le , Chen Liyan , Cui Hu , Li Wenwen , Tao Yuanyuan , Zhou Qingqing , Jiang Zhongli , Zhu Hongjun
Published: December 2022

Background
Subtask durations of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test may provide detailed information about mobility impairment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The aims of this study were to: (1) compare the TUG subtask durations between MHD patients and healthy controls, (2) verify the validity of subtask durations based on computer vision (CV).
Methods
The 3-meter TUG test was performed by MHD patients and healthy controls, and videos were recorded meanwhile. Additionally, 2-minute walking test (2MWT), five repetition sit-to-stand test (5STS) and 360-degree turn test (360TT) were performed by MHD patients and objective parameters of these tests were recorded by wearable inertial measurement units. The TUG test was divided into five subtasks: standing up (St1), walking forward (St2), turning around (St3), walking backward (St4) and turning to sitting down (St5). Five subtask durations were extracted from videos by CV algorithm and human observation independently.
Results
A total of 35 MHD patients and 35 healthy controls were recruited. MHD patients had significantly longer durations of St1, St3, and St5 compared with healthy controls (Cohen’s d =1.112, 1.378, 0.801 respectively; P<0.01 for all comparisons). The CV based subtask durations shown good agreements with ground truths extracted by human observations (Intraclass correlation coefficient＞0.8). Strong correlations were found between St2 duration and gait speed of 2MWT (r=-0.815), St3 duration and turning speed of 360TT (r=-0.632), St1 duration and standing time of 5STS (r=0.715), St5 duration and sitting time of 5STS (r=0.704) (all P <0.001).
Conclusion
The worse TUG test performance in MHD patients mainly manifested as the slowness of turning around, standing up and sitting down. The CV based TUG test was a highly efficient tool for multi-dimensional motor evaluation.
Building model for simulating the effect of main factors on the PVDF membrane formation process
Authors: Fang Ping , Fan Enran , Ren Peng , Li Yan , Hu Zhangfan , Liu Bin
Published: December 2022

Membrane separation technology has been widely studied as an effective means of treating wastewater. The method of mathematical modeling has been widely used in existing studies. In this study, we describe mathematically the conservation of mass, momentum and energy in a simple ternary membrane system, and construct basic control equations to simulate the main influencing factors. The system pressure P and system temperature T during the molding process were simulated in total, as well as the effects of the initial concentration of solvent in the polymer solution, the addition of non-solvent and the initial concentration of polymer on the evolution of the membrane structure. The results show that the concentration difference between the components, as the driving force of diffusion, jointly affects the diffusion ability of the PVDF; the system pressure P and the system temperature T change the rate of phase separation during the membrane formation process, which in turn changes the membrane structure. The influence of the initial concentration of each component on the membrane formation process is in the following order: polymer concentration > non-solvent concentration > solvent concentration, and the initial concentration of the polymer dominates the membrane formation process and its final morphology.
Pregnancy feasibility in women with mild pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Ruilin , Gao Hui , Cui Jianjian , Shi Haoran , Yang Zejun , Jin Zhishan , Liu Xiaoxia , Wu Di , Liu Weifang , Zheng Yanfang , Zhao Yin
Published: December 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy feasibility of women with mild pulmonary hypertension according to pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the differences in maternal and fetal outcomes between mild and moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension. Relevant English and Chinese literature were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (COCHRANE), CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases between January 1, 1990 and October 1, 2021, and the references of the included articles and relevant systematic reviews were reviewed to determine whether studies were missed. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled and observational studies (including case-control studies and cohort studies) examining maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes with pulmonary hypertension. Conference abstracts, case reports, case series reports, non-comparative studies, and review articles were excluded.
Results
This meta-analysis included 29 studies. In this study, maternal and fetal outcomes were better in the mild pulmonary hypertension group than in the moderate-to-severe group. Regarding maternal mortality, the mild group was much lower than the moderate-to-severe group. We found a significant decrease in maternal mortality in the mild group after 2010. However, no significant difference in maternal mortality before and after 2010 was observed in the moderate to severe group. Cardiac complications, ICU admission, neonatal preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, low birth weight infants, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal mortality were significantly lower in the mild pulmonary hypertension group than in the moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension group. The cesarean section rates of the two groups were similar. However, the vaginal delivery rate in the mild pulmonary hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension group.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis confirmed that pregnancies with mild pulmonary hypertension had significantly better maternal and fetal outcomes than those with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension. For patients with mild pulmonary hypertension and good cardiac function, continued pregnancy or even delivery should be considered under multidisciplinary monitoring. However, maternal and fetal complications with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension significantly increase. Hence, it is essential to evaluate pregnancy risk and terminate it in time.
On quadratic Ostrowski extensions of imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Naroui Razieh , Rajaei Ali
Published: December 2022

In this paper we discuss an analogue of Hilbert’s theorems 105 and106, i.e. a re-interpretation of Gauss’ “genus theory”, for imaginary quadratic fields of class number one. We explicitly compute all biquadratic fields whose ambiguous ideal classes over an imaginary quadratic field of class number one are principal.
“Dental Consideration in Patients Under Bisphosphonate and Radiotherapy: Systematic Review”
Authors: AlSahman Roba , AlSahman Lujain , Alturiaki Sami
Published: December 2022

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is defined as the necrosis of jawbone cells in patients who are on drugs known to increase the risk of the disease. The condition may lead to several complications in oral cavity. Osteoradionecrosis is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Radioactive osteonecrosis most commonly occurs in the mouth during treatment of head and neck cancer and can appear up to 5 years after radiation. The aim of current systematic review was highlighted on the dental consideration after and during radiotherapy and treatment of bisphosphonate.
Methodology: The present Systematic review conducted to relevant recent articles that detected and identified through the journals databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) between the year 01 January 2015 to 01 May 2022. A search was achieved by using the specific keywords terms Dental care; Dental management; bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ); Osteoradionecrosis; Bisphosphonate; and Radiotherapy.
Results: The current systematic review conducted to 18 articles published after 2015s, most articles were highlighted on Head and neck cancer with low sample size, and osteonecrosis condition during Bisphosphate therapy. The results showed significant Osteoradionecrosis effect of radiotherapy on jawbone characterized by non-healing socket after extraction, loosening of teeth, exposed oral cavity bone, poor healing and infection of soft tissue, numbness, or the feeling of heaviness in the jaw and exudate discharge. As well as the results showed negative osteonecrosis effect of BP therapy on the jawbone during therapy characterized by change of tooth structure.
Conclusion: HNC patients should have comprehensive dental examination before undergoing to radiotherapy, as well as clearance before start bisphosphates, also dentist Should be highly educated and skilled in managing oral disease and minimize the high risk of complications.
Analysis of the Benefit of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Premenopausal Women undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Han Ruxue , Song Ziyi , Li Huiling , Wang Chaohua , Yang Xin
Published: December 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the benefits of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in premenopausal women undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation(HSCT).
Methods: Candidates for myeloablative chemotherapy HSCT requiring fertility preservation in the Gynecological Endocrinology Clinic of Peking University People's Hospital from December 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were consecutively included. Patients who chose to receive GnRHa treatment were given at least 2 courses of 3.75-mg dose of GnRHa treatment before myeloablative chemotherapy, and patients who chose not to receive GnRHa treatment were included in the control group. All patients were monitored for menstruation return, menopause-related symptoms, and ovarian function tests (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol) were done 6-12 months after HSCT. In addition, we counted the vaginal bleeding of patients in the laminar air-flow room (LAFR).
Results: A total of 234 cases were included in this study, 77 cases in the treatment group and 157 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the incidence of vaginal bleeding in LAFR in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.68% vs. 79.62%, P<0.001). The menopausal symptoms of the patients in the treatment group were reduced after transplantation (46.75% vs. 19.75%, P<0.001). There was no difference in visible follicles by the follow-up ultrasound in the two groups after HSCT (16.88% vs. 13.38%, P=0.474). The level of FSH at 6-12 months after transplantation was lower (98.00 mIU/ml vs. 117.53 mIU/ml, P=0.001). The proportion of patients with FSH <40 mIU/ml did not differ between the two groups. One patient in the treatment group recovered spontaneous menstruation while none in the control group (1.30% vs. 0%, P=0.329).
Conclusion: The use of GnRHa may relieve menopause-related symptoms, reduce vaginal bleeding in LAFR and breakthrough bleeding after transplantation. GnRHa treatment can reduce the level of FSH after myeloablative chemotherapy, but it cannot reduce the incidence of premature ovarian failure in women of reproductive age following myeloablative HSCT.