bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Oxidative Damage and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants Status Alteration in Relation to Disease Progression in Breast Diseases
Authors: Karki Kanchan , Pande Deepti , Negi Reena , Khanna Ranjana , Khanna H.D.
Published: October 2016

The present study was aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers in breast diseases by measuring the 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidant status (TAS) alterations in relation to cell proliferation activity and disease progression. Significant increases in the level of the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and cell proliferation activity were observed in breast carcinoma patients in comparison to benign and normal controls, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants and TAS concentrations (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG and cell proliferation levels were negatively correlated with non-enzymatic antioxidants, namely, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E levels and total antioxidant activity. Altered levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and cell proliferation activity among the malignant, the benign, and the controls suggest a correlation of increased oxidative stress and cell proliferation activity in the progression of disease in breast carcinoma patients. In conclusion, our results showed that the characterized biomarkers (i.e., low levels of vitamin A, C and D, and the TAS status; and high levels of 8-OHdG) could be used as a suitable method for detecting subjects with malignant and benign breast diseases.
Effects of Phyllanthus muellerianus Leaf-Extract on Steel-Reinforcement Corrosion in 3.5% NaCl-Immersed Concrete
Authors: Okeniyi Joshua , Loto Cleophas , Popoola Abimbola
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates Phyllanthus muellerianus leaf-extract effects on steel-reinforcement corrosion in concrete immersed in 3.5% NaCl, simulating saline/marine environment. Different concentrations of the leaf-extract were admixed in steel-reinforced concrete samples, which were immersed, with normal control, in the test-environment, while positive control samples were immersed in distilled water. Electrochemical measurements of corrosion-rate (by linear-polarization-resistance instrument), corrosion-current (by zero-resistance-ammeter) and corrosion-potential (by high impedance multimeter) were obtained for assessing the reinforcing-steel corrosion. Analyzed results showed that the corrosion-rate exhibited excellent correlation (R = 98.82%, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 97.66%, ANOVA p-value = 0.0006) with function of the admixture concentration and of the corrosion noise-resistance (ratio of corrosion-potential and corrosion-current standard deviations). The 0.3333% Phyllanthus muellerianus (per weight of cement) exhibited optimal efficiency, η = 97.58% ± 1.28% (experimental) or 95.33% ± 4.25% (predicted), at inhibiting concrete steel-reinforcement corrosion in the test-environment, which compares well with the positive control performance model, η = 97.96% ± 0.03%. The experimental and predicted models followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which indicated physisorption as the Phyllanthus muellerianus leaf-extract adsorption mechanism on the reinforcing-steel. These support suitability of the N-, S-, and O-containing and π-electron rich Phyllanthus muellerianus leaf-extract as an environmentally-friendly inhibitor for effective corrosion-protection of steel-reinforcement in concrete designed for the saline/marine environment.
Substituent Inductive Effects on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Flavonoids Studied by Square Wave Voltammetry and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl , Rosas-García Víctor , Videa Marcelo
Published: October 2016

Flavonoids are natural products commonly found in the human diet that show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities. These nutraceutical properties may relate to the electrochemical activity of flavonoids. To increase the understanding of structure–electrochemical activity relations and the inductive effects that OH substituents have on the redox potential of flavonoids, we carried out square-wave voltammetry experiments and ab initio calculations of eight flavonoids selected following a systematic variation in the number of hydroxyl substituents and their location on the flavan backbone: three flavonols, three anthocyanidins, one anthocyanin and the flavonoid backbone flavone. We compared the effect that the number of –OH groups in the ring B of flavan has on the oxidation potential of the flavonoids considered, finding linear correlations for both flavonols and anthocyanidins ( R 2 = 0.98 ). We analyzed the effects that position and number of –OH substituents have on electron density distributions via ab initio quantum chemical calculations. We present direct correlations between structural features and oxidation potentials that provide a deeper insight into the redox chemistry of these molecules.
A Theoretical Study of the Relationship between the Electrophilicity ω Index and Hammett Constant σp in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Aryl Azide/Alkyne Derivatives
Authors: Ben El Ayouchia Hicham , Anane Hafid , El Idrissi Moubtassim Moulay , Domingo Luis , Julve Miguel , Stiriba Salah-Eddine
Published: October 2016

The relationship between the electrophilicity ω index and the Hammett constant σp has been studied for the [2+3] cycloaddition reactions of a series of para-substituted phenyl azides towards para-substituted phenyl alkynes. The electrophilicity ω index—a reactivity density functional theory (DFT) descriptor evaluated at the ground state of the molecules—shows a good linear relationship with the Hammett substituent constants σp. The theoretical scale of reactivity correctly explains the electrophilic activation/deactivation effects promoted by electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing substituents in both azide and alkyne components.
Cellular Interactions and Formation of an Epithelial “Nanocoating-Like Barrier” with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xuan , Pang Ka , Ng Tsz , Leung Ping , Zhang Cheng , Leung Ken , Jin Lijian
Published: October 2016

Oral mucosa as the front-line barrier in the mouth is constantly exposed to a complex microenvironment with multitudinous microbes. In this study, the interactions of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with primary human gingival epithelial cells were analyzed for up to 72 h, and their diffusion capacity in the reconstructed human gingival epithelia (RHGE) and porcine ear skin models was further assessed at 24 h. It was found that the synthesized fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (RITC-NPs) with low cytotoxicity could be uptaken, degraded, and/or excreted by the human gingival epithelial cells. Moreover, the RITC-NPs penetrated into the stratum corneum of RHGE in a time-dependent manner, while they were unable to get across the barrier of stratum corneum in the porcine ear skins. Consequently, the penetration and accumulation of RITC-NPs at the corneum layers of epithelia could form a “nanocoating-like barrier”. This preliminary proof-of-concept study suggests the feasibility of developing nanoparticle-based antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents through topical application for oral healthcare.
Administration of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Product to Women in the Perinatal Period Differentially Affects the Breast Milk Cytokine Profile and May Have Beneficial Effects on Neonatal Gastrointestinal Functional Symptoms. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Baldassarre Maria , Di Mauro Antonio , Mastromarino Paola , Fanelli Margherita , Martinelli Domenico , Urbano Flavia , Capobianco Daniela , Laforgia Nicola
Published: October 2016

Background: Probiotic supplementation to women during pregnancy and lactation can modulate breast milk composition, with immune benefits being transferred to their infants. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-dose probiotic supplementation to women during late pregnancy and lactation on cytokine profile and secretory IgA (sIgA) in breast milk and thus to study if differences in breast milk composition can affect lactoferrin and sIgA levels in stool samples of newborns. The safety of maternal probiotic administration on neonatal growth pattern and gastrointestinal symptoms were also evaluated. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 66 women took either the probiotic (n = 33) or a placebo (n = 33) daily. Levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and sIgA in breast milk; and the level of sIgA and lactoferrin in newborn stool samples were analyzed at birth and then again at one month of life. Antropometrical evaluation and analysis of gastrointestinal events in newborns was also performed. Results: Probiotic maternal consumption had a significant impact on IL6 mean values in colostrum and on IL10 and TGF-β1 mean values in mature breast milk. Fecal sIgA mean values were higher in newborns whose mothers took the probiotic product than in the control group. Probiotic maternal supplementation seems to decrease incidence of infantile colic and regurgitation in infants. Conclusion: High-dose multi-strain probiotic administration to women during pregnancy influences breast milk cytokines pattern and sIgA production in newborns, and seems to improve gastrointestinal functional symptoms in infants.
Environmental Impacts of Rare Earth Mining and Separation Based on Eudialyte: A New European Way
Authors: Schreiber Andrea , Marx Josefine , Zapp Petra , Hake Jürgen-Friedrich , Voßenkaul Daniel , Friedrich Bernd
Published: October 2016

Neodymium and dysprosium are two rare earth elements (REEs), out of a group of 17 elements. Due to their unique properties, REEs gained increasing importance in many new technologies, like wind turbines, batteries, etc. However, the production of REEs requires high material and energy consumption and is associated with considerable environmental burdens. Due to the strong dependency of European industry on Chinese REE exports, this paper presents a possible European production chain of REEs based on the mineral eudialyte found in Norra Kärr (Sweden). This European production is compared to a Chinese route, as China produces more than 85% of today’s REEs. Bayan Obo as the largest REE deposit in China is considered as the reference system. Using the life cycle assessment method, the environmental impacts of both production lines are assessed. This study presents newly-estimated data of a possible Swedish eudialyte-based production route for Europe. Results for the new eudialyte process route show reduced environmental burdens, although the total REE content in eudialyte is much smaller than in the Bayan Obo deposit. Especially, the results for dysprosium from eudialyte outreach those for Bayan Obo due to the higher content of heavy rare earth elements.
Urban Gardeners’ Motivations in a Metropolitan City: The Case of Milan
Authors: Ruggeri Giordano , Mazzocchi Chiara , Corsi Stefano
Published: October 2016

Urban gardening (UG) as a component of urban agriculture (UA) has reached popularity during the last decades. This growing interest depends on several factors including the different functions that have been attributed to UG over the years, operating from the economic to the social, health and cultural levels. While multifunctionality of UG is well documented, only a few studies investigated individual gardeners’ motivations, which can be subjective and heavily affected by the local context in which it takes place. The paper aims to detect some peculiar features of Milan city gardeners, in order to highlight the motivations of their activity through an innovative and replicable approach based on multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The analysis has been applied to the Milan case study, in the North of Italy; the results suggest a great importance of the social component of UG, and trace some different gardeners’ profiles.
Optimal Inequalities for the Casorati Curvatures of Submanifolds in Generalized Space Forms Endowed with Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connections
Authors: He Guoqing , Liu Hairong , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we prove some optimal inequalities involving the intrinsic scalar curvature and the extrinsic Casorati curvature of submanifolds in a generalized complex space form with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection and a generalized Sasakian space form with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection. Moreover, we show that in both cases, the equalities hold if and only if submanifolds are invariantly quasi-umbilical.
Risk Analysis of Reservoir Flood Routing Calculation Based on Inflow Forecast Uncertainty
Authors: Li Binquan , Liang Zhongmin , Zhang Jianyun , Chen Xueqing , Jiang Xiaolei , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming
Published: October 2016

Possible risks in reservoir flood control and regulation cannot be objectively assessed by deterministic flood forecasts, resulting in the probability of reservoir failure. We demonstrated a risk analysis of reservoir flood routing calculation accounting for inflow forecast uncertainty in a sub-basin of Huaihe River, China. The Xinanjiang model was used to provide deterministic flood forecasts, and was combined with the Hydrologic Uncertainty Processor (HUP) to quantify reservoir inflow uncertainty in the probability density function (PDF) form. Furthermore, the PDFs of reservoir water level (RWL) and the risk rate of RWL exceeding a defined safety control level could be obtained. Results suggested that the median forecast (50th percentiles) of HUP showed better agreement with observed inflows than the Xinanjiang model did in terms of the performance measures of flood process, peak, and volume. In addition, most observations (77.2%) were bracketed by the uncertainty band of 90% confidence interval, with some small exceptions of high flows. Results proved that this framework of risk analysis could provide not only the deterministic forecasts of inflow and RWL, but also the fundamental uncertainty information (e.g., 90% confidence band) for the reservoir flood routing calculation.
Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O
Authors: Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Calloni Alberto , Yivlialin Rossella , Picone Andrea , Bottegoni Federico , Finazzi Marco
Published: October 2016

Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin (Zn-TPP) was deposited on a single layer of metal oxide, namely an Fe(001)-p(1×1)O surface. The filled and empty electronic states were measured by means of UV photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy on a single monolayer and a 20 monolayer thick film. The ionization energy and the electron affinity of the organic film were deduced and the interface dipole was determined and compared with data available in the literature.
PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION: AN APPLICATION TO THE DOC RIOJA WINE INDUSTRY
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-OLMOS Marta , DEJO-ORICAIN Natalia , ROSELL-MARTÍNEZ Jorge
Published: October 2016

This study evaluates the importance of product differentiation as a determinant of vertical integration in firms. The proposed model also controls for known determinants of integration, such as transaction costs and firm-level capabilities. By identifying transaction-, firm- and strategy-level determinants, we derive testable predictions about the vertical integration decision. To test these predictions we analyze the Rioja wine industry, using a representative sample of 187 firms. Our paper concludes that reaching judicious vertical integration decisions requires a thorough analysis of some very diverse aspects, especially those related to mitigating opportunism, dealing with unforeseen contingencies and product differentiation.
COOPETITION UNDER ALLIANCE? APPLYING AWARENESS-MOTIVATION-CAPABILITY COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CHANG Wei-Lun , CHIU Chia-Ling
Published: October 2016

Airline companies join airline alliances to cope with the high level of competition in the airline industry. However, pressure within an alliance is substantial. This study used competitor mapping and awareness-motivation-capability competitive dynamics to analyze airline alliances. The results revealed that alliances compete to recruit airline companies, and the power differences in the alliances are considerable; only a few of the airline companies within the alliance possess power. In addition, we interviewed 2 senior managers to confirm the results of the analysis. A detailed content analysis was performed to test each hypothesis. The findings revealed that companies with low market commonality and high resource similarity can cooperate through resource allocation. We also discovered that the main competitive action was derived from disallowing local airline companies to join an alliance. Leading companies in the alliance generally negotiated for the entire alliance indirectly. This research suggests that companies cooperate not only to control cost but also to increase service quality.
DETERMINANTS OF DISSEMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: AN EMPIRICAL SURVEY
Authors: GIANNARAKIS Grigoris , ZAFEIRIOU Eleni , SARIANNIDIS Nikolaos , EFTHALITSIDOU Kyriaki
Published: October 2016

The major objective of the present paper is to identify the factors that influence the dissemination of environmental information. In particular, analyst stock recommendation, country level risk, corporate value and environmental performance are surveyed as determinants of the environmental dissemination level. The survey was based on a sample of 92 multinational firms for the period 2009–2013, longer than that used in most past works. The methodology employed on our data is the panel data analysis with fixed effects. As proxies, for the dissemination level of environmental information, two different environmental disclosure indexes are used the Environmental Disclosure Score and Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index. According to our findings, the environmental performance in terms of Emission Reduction Initiatives and the country’s risk premium affects in a positive way the dissemination of environmental disclosures while the results regarding the stock analyst recommendation are controversial. Another important finding is that the firm’s value is validated as an insignificant factor for the dissemination level of environmental information. The aforementioned results provide the corporate managers with a tool to attract environmental friendly investors. The novelty on the present manuscript stands on the use of proxies for the environmental performance; namely the first one is based on outcome – objective while the second one refers to the corporate intention, elements that enrich the existing literature in the field of environmental behavior and dissemination of the environmental information of a firm.
THE DISTANCE TO M104*
Authors: McQuinn Kristen. B. W. , Skillman Evan D. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Berg Danielle , Kennicutt Robert
Published: October 2016

M104 (NGC 4594; the Sombrero galaxy) is a nearby, well-studied elliptical galaxy included in scores of surveys focused on understanding the details of galaxy evolution. Despite the importance of observations of M104, a consensus distance has not yet been established. Here, we use newly obtained Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging to measure the distance to M104 based on the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method. Our measurement yields the distance to M104 to be 9.55 ± 0.13 ± 0.31 Mpc equivalent to a distance modulus of 29.90 ± 0.03 ± 0.07 mag. Our distance is an improvement over previous results as we use a well-calibrated, stable distance indicator, precision photometry in a optimally selected field of view, and a Bayesian maximum likelihood technique that reduces measurement uncertainties. The most discrepant previous results are due to Tully–Fisher method distances, which are likely inappropriate for M104 given its peculiar morphology and structure. Our results are part of a larger program to measure accurate distances to a sample of well-known spiral galaxies (including M51, M74, and M63) using the TRGB method.
THE MASS–METALLICITY RELATION FOR GIANT PLANETS
Authors: Thorngren Daniel P. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Murray-Clay Ruth A. , Lopez Eric D.
Published: October 2016

Exoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets (20 M
⊕ < M < 20 M
J) whose stellar insolations are low enough (F
* < 2 × 108 erg s−1 cm−2, or roughly T
eff < 1000) that they are not affected by the hot-Jupiter radius inflation mechanism(s). We compute a set of new thermal and structural evolution models and use these models in comparison with properties of the 47 transiting planets (mass, radius, age) to determine their heavy element masses. A clear correlation emerges between the planetary heavy element mass M

z
and the total planet mass, approximately of the form

. This finding is consistent with the core-accretion model of planet formation. We also study how stellar metallicity [Fe/H] affects planetary metal-enrichment and find a weaker correlation than has previously been reported from studies with smaller sample sizes. We confirm a strong relationship between the planetary metal-enrichment relative to the parent star Z
planet/Z
star and the planetary mass, but see no relation in Z
planet/Z
star with planet orbital properties or stellar mass. The large heavy element masses of many planets (>50 M
⊕) suggest significant amounts of heavy elements in H/He envelopes, rather than cores, such that metal-enriched giant planet atmospheres should be the rule. We also discuss a model of core-accretion planet formation in a one-dimensional disk and show that it agrees well with our derived relation between mass and Z
planet/Z
star.
Environmental variability and heavy metal concentrations from five lagoons in the Ionian Sea (Amvrakikos Gulf, W Greece)
Authors: Vasileiadou Katerina , Pavloudi Christina , Kalantzi Ioanna , Apostolaki Eugenia , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Chatzinikolaou Eva , Pafilis Evangelos , Papageorgiou Nafsika , Fanini Lucia , Konstas Spyridon , Fragopoulou Nina , Arvanitidis Christos
Published: October 2016

Coastal lagoons are ecosystems of major importance as they host a number of species tolerant to disturbances and they are highly productive. Therefore, these ecosystems should be protected to ensure stability and resilience. The lagoons of Amvrakikos Gulf form one of the most important lagoonal complexes in Greece. The optimal ecological status of these lagoons is crucial for the well-being of the biodiversity and the economic prosperity of the local communities. Thus, monitoring of the area is necessary to detect possible sources of disturbance and restore stability.

The environmental variables and heavy metals concentrations, from five lagoons of Amvrakikos Gulf were measured from seasonal samplings and compared to the findings of previous studies in the area, in order to check for possible sources of disturbance. The analysis, showed that i) the values of the abiotic parameters vary with time (season), space (lagoon) and with space over time; ii) the variability of the environmental factors and enrichment in certain elements is naturally induced and no source of contamination is detected in the lagoons.
Le réel du fantasme
Authors: Kessaci Lyasmine
Published: October 2016

« Un enfant est battu » : écriture ordinaire du fantasme, selon Freud. « Un enfant est malade » : version actuelle, et dramatisée, du même fantasme ? Peut-être. À ceci près que c’est aussi une réalité que certaines mères peuvent induire, en secret, et exhiber pourtant, sous couvert de demander à l’autre médical de soigner l’enfant. C’est ce qu’on a appelé, à la fin des années 1970, le syndrome de Münchhausen par procuration. Une mise en acte d’un extrême du fantasme ? L’examen de trois cas cliniques permet ici d’en discuter, pour soutenir finalement que l’advenue d’un enfant peut, chez certaines femmes, en venant présentifier l’objet-cause du désir, « suborner » (selon le mot de Lacan) tant la place et la fonction de cet objet dans le fantasme, que la logique même de ce dernier.
Guerre urbaine, opérations interagences et privatisation de l’action civilo-militaire américaine : l’Irak et au-delà
Authors: Bricet des Vallons Georges-Henri
Published: October 2016

L’importance, inédite dans son ampleur, prise par les pratiques d’externalisation dans la politique américaine de reconstruction et de stabilisation de l’Irak, a fait des sociétés militaires et de sécurité privée un objet de réflexion de premier plan des études stratégiques internationales. Comprendre la portée véritable du phénomène impose de le replacer dans le cadre plus large du processus continu de privatisation des opérations américaines de maintien de la paix qui a cours depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Le paradigme émergent des « opérations interagences » – qui définit l’intégration dans l’appareil de défense des agences de sécurité intérieure, des organisations non gouvernementales, des entreprises civiles et des firmes de sécurité – offre un outil théorique pour penser l’évolution historique de l’action civilo-militaire américaine dictée par l’apparition des Operations Other Than War et des Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. L’analyse de ce système interagences à l’œuvre en Irak, au sein duquel le mercenariat entrepreneurial occupe une place centrale, est capitale pour appréhender les mutations profondes de l’identité stratégique américaine promues par la Global War on Terrorism.
L’archeologia dell’elevato come archeologia
Authors: Francovich Riccardo , Bianchi Giovanna
Published: October 2016

A seguito della recente comparsa in Italia di numerosi studi dedicati all’archeologia dell’architettura, si vuole proporre con questo contributo una riflessione sui rapporti tra la stratigrafia verticale e quella orizzontale e, in particolare, sui rapporti tra l’indagine dell’evidenza materiale (strutture verticali) e la sua interpretazione. In questo contesto si presentano alcuni studi coordinati dall’Insegnamento di Archeologia Medievale dell’Università di Siena, riguardanti progetti realizzati intorno alla nascita e allo sviluppo dei castelli, con particolare riferimento alla Toscana centro meridionale.
San Esteban de Atán (Lugo). Un ejemplo de iglesia que no es lo que parece
Authors: Caballero Luis , Arce Fernando , Utrero María de los Ángeles
Published: October 2016

El análisis arqueológico de la iglesia de San Esteban de Atán (Lugo) ofrece una secuencia estratigráfica rica en fases y resultados. Las fuentes documentales y algunos elementos decorativos (celosías) parecían afirmar la existencia de una iglesia prerrománica anterior a la actual de época románica. La lectura de paramentos no documenta ninguna fase constructiva que pueda corresponder a estos indicios. De las piezas singulares consideradas como prerrománicas, sólo una puede confirmarse de esta fecha, pero desconocemos su emplazamiento original. Sobre esta base, no se puede sostener la hipotética iglesia prerrománica. En segundo lugar, la construcción actual, catalogada en época románica de acuerdo a las tipologías arquitectónicas y decorativas, pertenece en realidad a época bajomedieval, como demuestran diversas relaciones y el hecho de que los elementos aceptados como indicadores cronológicos se hallan reutilizado en los muros. Los resultados de Atán plantean cuestiones de clasificación dentro de la Historia del Arte, donde el ejemplo estudiado seguro que no es una excepción.
São Gião de Nazaré (Portugal). Un tipo original de iglesia
Authors: Caballero Luis , Arce Fernando , Utrero María de los Ángeles
Published: October 2016

La importancia científica de la iglesia portuguesa de São Gião de Nazaré, considerada como uno de los prototipos de la arquitectura visigoda peninsular del siglo VII, recomendaba un análisis arqueológico de su arquitectura complementario a la excavación del subsuelo y previo a los necesarios trabajos de restauración del edificio en amenaza de ruina. La lectura descubre una iglesia original de nave central con dos habitaciones altas a Oeste y Este, habitaciones laterales, iconostasis y ábside rectangular exento abovedado. Su estructura apenas varía hasta el momento de ruina y posterior transformación en casa labriega en el siglo XVIII. La adscripción cronológica de la iglesia, puesta en duda actualmente dentro de una problemática que afecta al conjunto de arquitectura tradicionalmente denominada visigoda, no se resuelve con la lectura, pero sí se enriquece con ella, al diferenciarse dos grupos decorativos, uno de piezas reutilizadas y otro de nueva talla. Este conjunto tallado ex profeso es ahora el indicador cronológico a seguir para fechar la iglesia original: para unos, de clara factura visigoda; para otros, asturiana.
El monasterio de Cornellana (Salas, Asturias) y los problemas de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura en Asturias
Authors: Fernández de Córdoba Pérez José Antonio
Published: October 2016

En el siglo XI fue fundado el Monasterio de Cornellana (Asturias, España) a partir de diversas propiedades pertenecientes a la infanta Cristina, hija del rey Bermudo II. Destacan en este cenobio dos fases fundamentales: una medieval marcada por la construcción de la iglesia y un claustro románicos así como por la dependencia de la Congregación de Cluny, y otra fase moderna, ya bajo dependencia de la Congregación de Valladolid, en la que se reedifica el claustro y se organizan dos patios de servicios al Este y al Oeste del mismo. De forma paralela a las obras del monasterio evolucionó su señorío jurisdiccional y la explotación de sus propiedades fundiarias. Durante los siglos XIX y XX la historia del complejo estuvo marcada por la desamortización de sus tierras, la ruina del edificio y diferentes intentos de ponerlo en valor a través de la restauración arquitectónica y la investigación arqueológica.
Métodos topocartográficos para la documentación de mosaicos in situ. Aplicaciones en la villa tardorromana
Authors: Fernández Ochoa Carmen , Gil Sendino Fernando , Suárez García José Antonio , Corrada Solares Marta Luisa , Arribas Hernando Virginia , González Blanco Belén
Published: October 2016

La villa romana del Torrexón de Veranes se localiza en el concejo de Gijón, muy próximo al antiguo eje viario que comunicaba la ciudad romana de Gijón y el área central de Asturias con Asturica Augusta, camino identificado como el ramal trasmontano de la Ruta de la Plata. Los resultados obtenidos en las excavaciones sistemáticas iniciadas en 1997 nos permiten identificar dos momentos de ocupación bien definidos: un establecimiento altoimperial del que se conservan exiguas evidencias arquitectónicas y las edificaciones de un gran complejo agropecuario tardorromano en la que se han documentado cuatro habitaciones pavimentadas con mosaicos, cuya documentación ha sido realizada aplicando una metodología de trabajo topocartográfica para la toma de datos. Este método de registro nos permite obtener una representación gráfica y la descripción métrica del estado original del mosaico mediante el empleo de técnicas fotográficas combinadas, comprobar su validez como método más rápido y exacto que el tradicional sistema de calcos a escala 1:1 siendo una alternativa a la fotogrametría tradicional.
Petrología de morteros en Arqueología. Catedral de Santa María de Vitoria-Gasteiz
Authors: Guarás Blanca
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo está basado en el estudio y caracterización de morteros antiguos en un conjunto histórico, utilizando principalmente técnicas petrográficas. Esta metodología nos permite conocer los materiales utilizados en su elaboración, su estado de conservación y establecer correlaciones entre las distintas muestras, previamente seleccionadas con criterios arqueológicos y arquitectónicos. Un estudio de estas características representa una base de conocimiento para los trabajos de conservación y restauración del patrimonio histórico. En este artículo se trata el ejemplo de la Catedral de Santa María de Vitoria-Gasteiz, estudio enmarcado dentro del Plan Director para su restauración, con los resultados obtenidos más significativos.
Desarrollo de un nuevo tratamiento para la conservación de piedras con alto contenido en carbonatos utilizando la Tecnología de Resinas de Intercambio Iónico
Authors: Pérez-Alonso M. , Castro K. , Rodriguez-Laso María D. , Madariaga J. M.
Published: October 2016

La contaminación atmosférica es la principal causa de deterioro de la piedra monumental presente en el medio urbano. La emisión de gases produce una acidificación gradual del medio reduciendo la resistencia de todos los tipos de piedra. Las piedras con alto contenido en CaCO3 (calizas, mármoles y areniscas carbonatadas) son las más afectadas por la lluvia ácida. Numerosos estudios llevados a cabo sobre la influencia del oxalato de calcio en piedras calcáreas concluyen que este compuesto, producido de forma natural por algunos líquenes, puede actuar como protección frente al ataque ácido. El oxalato de calcio es más estable que el carbonato de calcio frente a los cambios de pH. El tratamiento propuesto en este trabajo consiste en la conversión inducida de forma artificial del carbonato de calcio presente en piedras calcáreas en oxalato cálcico utilizando para ello la tecnología de intercambio iónico. La resina puesta en su forma oxalato debe ser puesta en contacto con la piedra mediante una solución conductora de iones, produciendo la formación de una microcapa cristalina de oxalato cálcico sobre la superficie de la piedra. Los resultados se han evaluado mediante espectroscopia FT-Raman. Los cristales formados inicialmente son CaC2O4 · 2H2O (weddellita) que evoluciona parcialmente hacia la especie CaC2O4 · H2O (whewellita) en función de las condiciones atmosféricas (humedad y temperatura).
La aplicación de la arqueología de la arquitectura a un complejo productivo. El valle salado de Salinas de Añana (Álava)
Authors: Plata Montero Alberto
Published: October 2016

El estudio arqueológico de las Salinas de Añana forma parte del Plan Director que está siendo elaborado de manera multidisciplinar por varios equipos con el fin de crear el instrumento clave para su recuperación integral. El conjunto de estudios históricos ha sido encomendado al Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología de la Arquitectura de la Universidad de País Vasco, que se ha planteado como objetivo prioritario conocer la evolución históricoconstructiva del valle, cuyo entendimiento hará posible explicar sus transformaciones a lo largo de la historia, su diacronía sus fases; en definitiva todos los avatares que ha sufrido el complejo salinero a lo largo de sus 1.181 años documentados de historia.
Presentación. La Arqueología de la Arquitectura y su creciente generalización. Algunos problemas de método, ejecución y organización.
Authors: Murillo Fragero José Ignacio , Sánchez Zufiaurre Leandro
Published: October 2016

Presentación de la sesión dedicada a la Arqueología de la Arquitectura en el IV Congreso de Arqueología Peninsular, celebrado en Faro (Portugal) en septiembre de 2004.
Os primeiros passos da Arqueologia da Arquitectura no âmbito do Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico
Authors: De Magalhães Ramalho Maria M. B.
Published: October 2016

Pretende-se, com este texto, traçar o percurso dos primeiros passos da afirmação da Arqueologia da Arquitectura no âmbito do Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR), instituição a quem cabe a missão de preservar, salvaguardar e valorizar o património arquitectónico nacional. De facto, é possível constatar que, infelizmente, o conhecimento e a aplicação desta disciplina não só no IPPAR como em Portugal não teve ainda a divulgação necessária. Podemos afirmar que esta situação resulta não só de um desconhecimento geral da disciplina, como da situação algo peculiar da falta de interesse da maioria dos arquitectos portugueses pelas matérias relacionadas com o restauro arquitectónico. Por outro lado, sendo a arqueologia portuguesa deficitária em profissionais que se dediquem ao estudo de períodos mais recentes e reforçando-se a tendência da arqueologia de salvamento em detrimento da arqueologia de investigação, é notória a falta de motivação e sobretudo de tempo e meios económicos disponíveis para avançar com estudos desta natureza. Apesar do IPPAR reflectir as dificuldades sentidas em termos nacionais, não podemos esquecer algumas iniciativas importantes bem como, o facto de ter sido graças à diligência das Direcções Regionais deste Instituto que se concretizaram os melhores trabalhos em Arqueologia da Arquitectura portugueses realizados no âmbito de vastos projectos de reabilitação de imóveis afectos. Sendo clara a noção de que a Arqueologia da Arquitectura é o instrumento de análise mais rigoroso quando se trata de registar a biografia de um edifício e que, tal como hoje já existe, no âmbito do IPPAR, a consciência clara que qualquer intervenção ao nível do subsolo deverá implicar sempre um registo arqueológico prévio, torna-se agora necessário criar uma nova rotina que obrigue a que sempre que se programe uma intervenção ao nível do edificado, esta seja sempre precedida de um registo rigoroso, pois de outra forma continuaremos a assistir ao desaparecimento de informações únicas e irrepetíveis e ao nascimento de projectos de reabilitação sem qualquer fundamentação séria.
Noticia: arqueología y construcción. Una propuesta para la docencia técnica
Authors: Tabales Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Ramírez de Arellano Agudo Antonio
Published: October 2016

La Escuela Universitaria de Arquitectura Técnica de Sevilla imparte desde el curso 2003-2004 una asignatura cuatrimestral optativa de tercer curso denominada «Arqueología y Construcción» cuya misión es informar a los futuros aparejadores sobre la importancia del análisis arqueológico en la comprensión de los edificios históricos. La arqueología de urgencias, las cartas del riesgo, la economía de la intervención, la seguridad en excavaciones forman parte de un temario aún abierto pero de momento bien aceptado por los futuros agentes patrimoniales.
Les chantiers de construction de la citadelle de Damas: méthodologie et résultats préliminaires
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude , Boqvist Marianne
Published: October 2016

De nombreuses publications sont parues sur l’architecture de la Citadelle e Damas tandis que les techniques de construction et l’organisation du travail n’ont jamais été étudiées en utilisant des méthodes archéologiques appropriées. La présente étude traite de la «Salle à colonnes» qui relie la porte Est à la porte Nord de la Citadelle et du bâtiment sud-ouest, datés tous deux du XIIe et XIIIe siècles. L’étude vise la connaissance de la construction de ces bâtiments à partir d’une approche archéologique de l’architecture monumentale, fondée sur l’analyse de diverses données techniques dimensions, matériaux de construction (surtout la pierre), outils et leurs traces, techniques de taille de pierre (fonctionnelles et ornementales), voûtes, géométrie, structure des murs, marques lapidaires et éléments réutilisés. Outre l’établissement d’une méthode de recherche, les résultats préliminaires de cette étude permettent d’aborder quelques aspects de l’organisation du travail dans la Citadelle de Damas. Cette analyse révèle en particulier une réutilisation des techniques de construction classiques et de l’organisation du travail antique avec, par exemple, la présence d’équipes de spécialistes travaillant sur des murs, des ouvertures, des arches et des voûtes. Ces équipes paraissent être très diverses et l’analyse de leur travail démontre qu’elles avaient une certaine autonomie dans le choix de leurs techniques de construction et de finition des pierres et de la maçonnerie.
Una experiencia en la aplicación del Láser Escáner 3D a los procesos de documentación y análisis del Patrimonio Construido: su aplicación a Santa Eulalia de Bóveda (Lugo) y San Fiz de Solovio (Santiago de Compostela)
Authors: Mañana-Borrazás Patricia , Rodríguez Paz Anxo , Blanco-Rotea Rebeca
Published: October 2016

El campo de la topografía cuenta actualmente con herramientas de gran precisión que han permitido agilizar los procesos de recogida de datos, maximizar la información proporcionada por estos y obtener resultados que aportan una representación cada vez más fiel del objeto. Este es el caso del Levantamiento de Alta Definición mediante Láser Escáner 3D. En este artículo se presenta nuestra experiencia en la aplicación de esta herramienta concreta al conjunto monumental de Santa Eulalia de Bóveda (Lugo) y la iglesia de San Fiz de Solivio (Santiago de Compostela), cuyos resultados han aportado una información muy valiosa tanto desde el punto de vista de la representación, el análisis del objeto arqueológico y arquitectónico, la propia interpretación o la generación de resultados, como en las reconstrucciones tridimensionales de las distintas fases documentadas en uno de los edificios analizados.
La Casa dell’abate a San Giovanni in Persiceto: Indagini conoscitive e questioni operative per la conservazione di un «edificio-fossile»
Authors: Squassina Angela Paola
Published: October 2016

manufatto medioevale a struttura mista in legno e muratura, uno dei pochi superstiti in Italia, probabile sede dell’Abate del Monastero di Nonantola. Si tratta di un «edificio-fossile», oggetto di grande interesse data la rarità, l’antichità della struttura e delle modalità costruttive, nonché per la presenza di una stratificazione quasi millenaria. La Casa dell’Abate è stata infatti sottoposta ad un lento ma continuo processo di trasformazione per sostituzione graduale degli elementi lignei con muratura, che lo ha condotto da una condizione di edificio-fondaco a carattere non residenziale, verso un assetto prevalentemente abitativo. A ciò si aggiunge una generale condizione di ridotta leggibilità stratigrafica, dovuta ad un intervento risalente agli anni Sessanta, che ha comportato profonde trasformazioni strutturali ed una generale alterazione delle superfici esterne sistematicamente rinnovate, con conseguente modifica della percezione di antichità dell’insieme. Una condizione che suggerisce alcune riflessioni sul rapporto fra leggibilità stratigrafica e conservazione dell’autenticità. In un edificio fortemente alterato, viene drasticamente ridotta la capacità risolutiva dello strumento stratigrafico, di cui diventa necessario ricalibrare codici e modalità applicative. Tuttavia, da questa necessità di continuo adattamento a diverse condizioni di lettura, risulta un’articolazione della stratigrafia – qualora inclusa organicamente nella concezione del progetto di restauro – e la leggibilità stratigrafica può divenire anche prezioso indicatore delle alterazioni indotte e criterio tecnico-culturale di orientamento del progetto, come tensione ideale verso il controllo delle trasformazioni nell’intervento. Che si configura qui in termini minimali e rispettosi delle testimonianze superstiti frammentate e della loro leggibilità stratigrafica.
Recycling ceramic industry wastes in sound absorbing materials
Authors: Arenas C. , Vilches L. F. , Leiva C. , Alonso-Fariñas B. , Rodríguez-Galán M.
Published: October 2016

The scope of this investigation is to develop a material mainly composed (80% w/w) of ceramic wastes that can be applied in the manufacture of road traffic noise reducing devices. The characterization of the product has been carried out attending to its acoustic, physical and mechanical properties, by measuring the sound absorption coefficient at normal incidence, the open void ratio, density and compressive strength. Since the sound absorbing behavior of a porous material is related to the size of the pores and the thickness of the specimen tested, the influence of the particle grain size of the ceramic waste and the thickness of the samples tested on the properties of the final product has been analyzed. The results obtained have been compared to a porous concrete made of crushed granite aggregate as a reference commercial material traditionally used in similar applications. Compositions with coarse particles showed greater sound absorption properties than compositions made with finer particles, besides presenting better sound absorption behavior than the reference porous concrete. Therefore, a ceramic waste-based porous concrete can be potentially recycled in the highway noise barriers field.
EXPEL Protocol Based Architecture for Cooperative E-Learning
Authors: Aissaoui Karima , Ettifouri El Hassane , Azizi Mostafa
Published: October 2016

Using E-learning platforms in learning process have become a common phenomenon because of the large use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in all fields. Many e-learning platforms were developed what makes their list richer and bigger. Most of teachers have the possibility to choose the suitable platform for their needs. Consequently, we may find more than one platform used in the same institution, and thus students have to connect independently on each system. This diversity in use of platforms makes the learning process for students more difficult which discourage them to be involved in e-learning process. In this paper, we propose a new architecture to solve this problem and to manage cooperation between platforms used in the same institution.
Motivation for Using ICT and Pupils with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Lepičnik Vodopivec Jurka , Bagon Spela
Published: October 2016

Teachers often consider modern active teaching methods to be better suited for students who are good at learning or even for gifted students, as they assume that students with learning disabilities have underdeveloped metacognitive and social learning skills, that they require more time to grasp the techniques of the more advanced, technology aided teaching methods and that they cannot acquire additional knowledge at the same time. Our research focuses on pupils with learning disabilities, their attitude towards learning and teaching with the help of ICT and on motivation that arises from it. The study has shown that students with learning disabilities are confident enough in their computer skills that teachers may freely use modern teaching methods with them in primary school, as even those children are motivated and have a good attitude towards such teaching methods.