bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Technologies and Instrumentation for Subsurface Exploration of Ocean Worlds
Authors: Dachwald Bernd , Ulamec Stephan , Postberg Frank , Sohl Frank , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Waldmann Christoph , Lorenz Ralph D. , Zacny Kris A. , Hellard Hugo , Biele Jens , Rettberg Petra
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus because they have the highest potential for such missions in the near future. The exploration of their oceans requires landing on the surface, penetrating the thick ice shell with an ice-penetrating probe, and probably diving with an underwater vehicle through dozens of kilometers of water to the ocean floor, to have the chance to find life, if it exists. Technologically, such missions are extremely challenging. The required key technologies include power generation, communications, pressure resistance, radiation hardness, corrosion protection, navigation, miniaturization, autonomy, and sterilization and cleaning. Simpler mission concepts involve impactors and penetrators or – in the case of Enceladus – plume-fly-through missions.
A Taxonomy to Structure and Analyze Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Onnasch Linda , Roesler Eileen
Published: June 2020

Robotic systems are one of the core technologies that will shape our future. Robots already change our private and professional life by working together with humans in various domains. Evoked by this increasing trend, great variability exists in terms of robots and interaction scenarios. This has boosted research regarding shaping factors of human–robot interaction (HRI). Nevertheless, this variety hinders the comparability and the generalizability of insights. What is needed for efficient research is a structured approach that allows the analysis of superordinate attributes, making previous HRI research comparable, revealing research gaps and thus guiding future research activities. Based on the review of previous HRI frameworks we developed a new HRI taxonomy that (1) takes into account the human, the robot, the interaction and the context of the HRI, (2) is applicable to various HRI scenarios and (3) provides predefined categories to enable structured comparisons of different HRI scenarios. A graphical representation of the taxonomy, including all possible classifications, eases the application to specific HRI scenarios. To demonstrate the use and value of this taxonomy, it is applied to different studies in HRI in order to identify possible reasons for contrasting results. The exemplified applications of the taxonomy underline its value as a basis for reviews and meta-analyses. Moreover, the taxonomy offers a framework for future HRI research as it offers guidance for systematic variations of distinctive variables in HRI.
The geodetic detection of the variable load impact on the earth-filled structure
Authors: Kuras Przemysław , Ortyl Łukasz , Owerko Tomasz , Borecka Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

This article concerns the evaluation of displacement monitoring referred to the earth-filled flood embankment using surveying and radar measurement techniques. The results allow to reveal the embankment reaction to the external loads. The results of long-term geodetic monitoring clearly imply the dominance of displacements directed outside for points located on the embankment slopes. The displacement values were also referred to the course of the changing water level representing a flood wave, in order to point out the mutual relationship between them. Horizontal displacements indicate that earth-filled embankments may behave to some extent like elastic structures. For the experiment, which covered determining the embankment response to the varying water level, ground-based radar interferometry was used as an alternative measurement technique. This selection was justified primarily by the submillimeter accuracy of the displacement measurement. However, the research required overcoming a few limitations, among which the atmosphere variability is the most important. This was taken into account by measuring the current atmospheric conditions and correcting the results by atmospheric delay. For the time intervals in which it was possible to compare surveying and radar measurement techniques, the displacement values were analyzed and referred to the current structure load resulting from the variable water level. A sizable number of the observations allow to perceive some tendencies, even if the displacement values were at the measurement uncertainty level. The movement trend is consistent for both methods. This was evidenced particularly by the compatibility of the considerable displacements detected for the points located in the area of presumed embankment failure. Moreover, the differences are within the limits of agreements determined on the basis of the Bland–Altman plot, which means that these two measurement methods could be used interchangeably.
Incidence and factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting at Debre Berhan referral hospital, NorthShewa, Ethiopia: Across-sectional study
Authors: Allene Mengesha Dessie , Demsie Desalegn Getnet
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are the most common and disturbing complications following anaesthesia and surgery. Despite modern anaesthetic and surgical techniques, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting remains high. This common complication is unpleasant for patients and delays recovery.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and associated factors.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2 to December 27, 2019. A total of 398 patients who were operated on in this period were included in the study. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 22.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Result:

The incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting and nausea and vomiting were 79(19.85%), 16(4.02%) and 87(21.86%) respectively. Factors that were associated with postoperative nausea were female sex [AOR = 8.22; 95%CI = (5.31–17.51)], previous history of PONV [AOR = 7.32; 95%CI = (1.47–21.02)]; history of motion sickness [AOR = 3.64; 95%CI = (1.65–6.27)], duration of anesthesia >60 min [AOR = 3.21; 95%CI = (1.41–7.63)], use of postoperative opioids [AOR = 2.88; 95%CI = (1.91–18.95)] and obstetrics and gynaecology surgery [AOR = 6.20; 95%CI = (2.51–18.83)]. In addition, factors that were associated with postoperative vomiting were female sex [AOR = 6.88; 95%CI = (1.94–24.03)], previous history of PONV [AOR = 7.81; 95%CI= (1.21–18.46)], history of motion sickness [AOR = 5.00; 95%CI = (2.35–12.10)], duration of anesthesia >60 min [AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = (1.03–5.41)], use of postoperative opioids [AOR = 4.02; 95%CI=(1.34–12.01)] and obstetrics and gynaecology surgery [AOR = 7.32; 95% CI=(2.47–21.68)].

Conclusion and recommendations:

The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was higher compared with most studies conducted in the world. We recommend using of anti-emetic prophylaxis and formulation of postoperative nausea and vomiting treatment protocols.

Highlights:
ImpDAR: an open-source impulse radar processor
Authors: Lilien David A. , Hills Benjamin H. , Driscol Joshua , Jacobel Robert , Christianson Knut
Published: June 2020

Despite widespread use of radio-echo sounding (RES) in glaciology and broad distribution of processed radar products, the glaciological community has no standard software for processing impulse RES data. Dependable, fast and collection-system/platform-independent processing flows could facilitate comparison between datasets and allow full utilization of large impulse RES data archives and new data. Here, we present ImpDAR, an open-source, cross-platform, impulse radar processor and interpreter, written primarily in Python. The utility of this software lies in its collection of established tools into a single, open-source framework. ImpDAR aims to provide a versatile standard that is accessible to radar-processing novices and useful to specialists. It can read data from common commercial ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) and some custom-built RES systems. It performs all the standard processing steps, including bandpass and horizontal filtering, time correction for antenna spacing, geolocation and migration. After processing data, ImpDAR's interpreter includes several plotting functions, digitization of reflecting horizons, calculation of reflector strength and export of interpreted layers. We demonstrate these capabilities on two datasets: deep (~3000 m depth) data collected with a custom (3 MHz) system in northeast Greenland and shallow (<100 m depth, 500 MHz) data collected with a commercial GPR on South Cascade Glacier in Washington.
A STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE MAXIMAL STRENGTH OF TAIL DEPENDENCE
Authors: Sun Ning , Yang Chen , Zitikis Ričardas
Published: June 2020

Several diagonal-based tail dependence indices have been suggested in the literature to quantify tail dependence. They have well-developed statistical inference theories but tend to underestimate tail dependence. For those problems when assessing the maximal strength of dependence is important (e.g., co-movements of financial instruments), the maximal tail dependence index was introduced, but it has so far lacked empirical estimators and statistical inference results, thus hindering its practical use. In the present paper, we suggest an empirical estimator for the index, explore its statistical properties, and illustrate its performance on simulated data.
Authoritarian Africa beyond Guantánamo: Freedom in Captivity
Authors: Pettigrew Erin
Published: June 2020

Africanists struggle with Mohamedou ould Slahi’s story for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that the Saharan region is often considered a space betwixt and between. Not only does the Sahara lie between the Maghreb and the Sahel, but Slahi’s experience illustrates how the military and political histories of counterterrorism and the intellectual and social histories of Islamist calls for religious reform are imagined as occurring elsewhere. The upswing in violence in Burkina Faso and Mali, the continued disruptions of Boko Haram, and the deep military involvement and investments in the Sahara remind us that the African continent has been an important site in the global war on terror (Thurston 2017). American and European foreign assistance, often in the form of military aid, has helped expand the surveillance capacities of African states, especially after 2001. In the case of Mauritania, American counterterrorism funds contributed to the consolidation of power in the authoritarian regime of Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, who ruled from 1984 to 2005, while the Mauritanian government ignored demands for democratization from its own citizens and instead pursued repressive policies that accused political opponents of Islamist activity, limiting their freedom of expression (Jourde 2007). Slahi’s story, then, can be seen as part of a much longer history of foreign incursion and neocolonial intrusion into African affairs, as the war on terror has led to a similar bolstering of authoritarian governments, an influx of military aid and funds that encourage corruption, and worrisome increases in weapons at the expense of other needed projects and investment, as happened during the Cold War (Schmidt 2013). Rather than promote economic development and democracy, these policies undermine Africa’s future.
Evidence, weak states, and identifying terrorists after 9/11: Africans in the Crosshairs of America’s War on Terror
Authors: Inman Kris
Published: June 2020

We also have to work sort of the dark side, if you will. We're going to spend time in the shadows in the intelligence world. A lot of what needs to be done here will have to be done quietly, without any discussions, using sources and methods that are available to our intelligence agencies if we're going to be successful.
Slahi: An African Story
Authors: Braham Abbass
Published: June 2020

Mohamedou Ould Slahi is arguably one of the most famous contemporary Mauritanians worldwide. This is largely owed to his Guantánamo Diary, a bestseller that he penned while he was an inmate in Guantánamo prison. The memoir appeared in January of 2015, reflecting on Slahi’s plight as a wrongly incarcerated detainee in the (in)famous jail. Prosaic and sincere, the book, so far the only voice of a Guantánamo detainee, depicts the wretched life within a Kafkaesque oubliette, an impersonal, yet rationalized and inhumane, castle where legality is suspended in a state of exception. Slahi’s story is about the inside humane oscillations of a homo sacer, struggling to come to terms with his difficult situation. Ever since the book appeared, and after Slahi’s release and return to his home country of Mauritania in October 2016, Slahi’s post-Guantánamo life has attracted attention from communities of readers worldwide. This aggregate interest is now accumulating in a forthcoming Hollywood movie based on Slahi’s story. Various factors conspire to encourage this interest, much of which involves the politics of reading, imagination, and hermeneutics of the respective readers. Yet I will argue that the story should interest Africanists as well. First, Slahi’s is a Mauritanian story, telling us numerous facts about African culture and politics in the region and how they coalesce in Slahi’s story. Second, even from a theological perspective Slahi’s intellectual and personal profile reflects a story of African post-Islamism, a theology of forgiveness rarely outlined in the literature. Third, Slahi is also a public intellectual, contributing to the debates in Mauritania, which gives his story a reflexive dimension and an agency lacking in other obscure Guantánamo detainees. In short, Slahi tells a story that is distinct from the typical Guantánamo and terrorism-linked profiles, a story that is situated in a specific African context.
Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantánamo Diary and Prison Writing from Africa
Authors: Roux Daniel
Published: June 2020

If the unvarnished power of the state has a face, then it is the prison. When the mask of cultural hegemony slips, we encounter the walls of the penal institution, its barbed wire, and its blankly functional architecture, mute and unseeing. A prison is one of the most concentrated modalities of state power. By definition, a prison is a zone of exclusion; it defines the normal, everyday civic sphere by defining a site of exception. A prison has its own distinctive logic and temporality, in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o’s words, “dull, mundane, monotonous, tortuous in its intended animal rhythm of eating, defecating, sleeping, eating, defecating, sleeping” (1981:116). It is a world of boredom, isolation, and fear. Nonetheless, because of its close proximity to state power, the prison also offers a sharp-edged reflection of the operation of power in a society. As Michael Hardt observes, “Those who are free, outside of prison looking in, might imagine their own freedom defined and reinforced in opposition to prison time. When you get close to prison, however, you realize that it is not really a site of exclusion, separate from society, but rather a focal point, the site of the highest concentration of a logic of power that is generally diffused throughout the world” (1997:66). Or as Robben Island prisoner Michael Dingake remarked in his 1987 autobiography, “Prison is the heart of oppression in any oppressive society” (1987:228).
Immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CTSA TL1 and KL2 training and career development
Authors: McCormack Wayne T. , Bredella Miriam A. , Ingbar David H. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Meagher Emma A. , Morris Cynthia D. , Nagel Joan D. , Pusek Susan , Rubio Doris M. , Sandberg Kathryn , Schnaper H. William , Tsevat Joel , Umans Jason G. , McIntosh Scott
Published: June 2020

Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) TL1 trainees and KL2 scholars were surveyed to determine the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development. The most negative impact was lack of access to research facilities, clinics, and human subjects, plus for KL2 scholars lack of access to team members and need for homeschooling. TL1 trainees reported having more time to think and write. Common strategies to maintain research productivity involved time management, virtual connections with colleagues, and shifting to research activities not requiring laboratory/clinic settings. Strategies for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development are described.
Utilizing a real-time discussion approach to improve the appropriateness of Clostridioides difficile testing and the potential unintended consequences of this strategy
Authors: Dbeibo Lana , Brinkman Allison , Beeler Cole , Fadel William , Snyderman William , Hatfield Nicole , Sadowski Joshua , Wang Yun , Kelley Kristen , Webb Douglas , Azar Jose , Kara Areeba
Published: June 2020

We report electronic medical record interventions to reduce Clostridioides difficile testing risk ‘alert fatigue.’ We used a behavioral approach to diagnostic stewardship and observed a decrease in the number of tests ordered of ~4.5 per month (P < .0001). Although the number of inappropriate tests decreased during the study period, delayed testing increased.
Foods, nutrient intakes and Mediterranean dietary pattern in midlife are not associated with reaction times: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Huifeng , Hardie Laura , Cade Janet
Published: June 2020

Associations between dietary factors and general cognition in the elderly have been documented; however, little is known about reaction time ability in relation to midlife diet. The present study aimed to investigate associations between reaction time and midlife dietary factors, specifically foods, nutrients and Mediterranean diet (MeDi) pattern. The UK Women’s Cohort Study collected dietary information from middle-aged women (52 (sd9·4) years old) using a validated 217-item FFQ in 1995–1998. In 2010–2011, a sub-group of 664 participants completed online reaction time ability tests including simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time; 503 participants were eligible for analysis. Participants were grouped into fast and slow groups by their median reaction time. The intake of particular foods, nutrients, adherence to the MeDi and cooking methods (roasting/baking, frying and barbecuing/grilling) were explored in relation to reaction times. We did not find any significant associations between reaction times and investigated foods, nutrients or adherence to the MeDi in adjusted models. However, consumers of roasted/baked fish and fried vegetables were associated with slower SRT (adjusted OR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·00, 2·13,P= 0·049; and adjusted OR 1·64, 95 % CI 1·12, 2·39,P= 0·010, respectively) compared with non-consumers of that particularly cooked food. Overall, our findings show no significant associations between midlife diet and reaction time ability 10–15 years later.
New Arab Maids: Female Domestic Work, “New Arab Women,” and National Memory in British Mandate Palestine
Authors: Kahlenberg Caroline
Published: June 2020

The “new Arab woman” of the early 20th century has received much recent scholarly attention. According to the middle- and upper-class ideal, this woman was expected to strengthen the nation by efficiently managing her household, educating her children, and contributing to social causes. Yet, we cannot fully understand the “new Arab woman” without studying the domestic workers who allowed this class to exist. Domestic workers carried out much of the physical labor that let their mistresses pursue new standards of domesticity, social engagement, and participation in nationalist organizations. This article examines relationships between Arab housewives and female domestic workers in British Mandate Palestine (1920–1948) through an analysis of domestic reform articles and memoirs. Arab domestic reformers argued that elite housewives, in order to become truly modern women, had to treat maids with greater respect and adjust to the major socioeconomic changes that peasants were experiencing, yet still maintain a clear hierarchy in the home. Palestinian memoirists, meanwhile, often imagine their pre-1948 homes as a site of Palestinian national solidarity. Their memories of intimate relationships that developed between elite families and peasant maids have crucially shaped nationalist narratives that celebrate the Palestinian peasantry.
Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Schaefer Lauren M. , Anderson Lisa M. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Crow Scott J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Peterson Carol B.
Published: June 2020

Background

While negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or ‘de-couple’ during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes.

Methods

Adults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment.

Results

There was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up.

Conclusions

Both ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.
LIMITATIONS OF SIZE AND LEVELS TESTS OF WRITTEN RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Stoeckel Tim , McLean Stuart , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

Two commonly used test types to assess vocabulary knowledge for the purpose of reading are size and levels tests. This article first reviews several frequently stated purposes of such tests (e.g., materials selection, tracking vocabulary growth) and provides a reasoned argument for the precision needed to serve such purposes. Then three sources of inaccuracy in existing tests are examined: the overestimation of lexical knowledge from guessing or use of test strategies under meaning-recognition item formats; the overestimation of vocabulary knowledge when receptive understanding of all word family members is assumed from a correct response to an item assessing knowledge of just one family member; and the limited precision that a small, random sample of target words has in representing the population of words from which it is drawn. The article concludes that existing tests lack the accuracy needed for many specified testing purposes and discusses possible improvements going forward.
POINCARÉ AND SOBOLEV INEQUALITIES FOR DIFFERENTIAL FORMS IN HEISENBERG GROUPS AND CONTACT MANIFOLDS
Authors: Baldi Annalisa , Franchi Bruno , Pansu Pierre
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we prove contact Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities in Heisenberg groups $\mathbb{H}^{n}$, where the word ‘contact’ is meant to stress that de Rham’s exterior differential is replaced by the exterior differential of the so-called Rumin complex $(E_{0}^{\bullet },d_{c})$, which recovers the scale invariance under the group dilations associated with the stratification of the Lie algebra of $\mathbb{H}^{n}$. In addition, we construct smoothing operators for differential forms on sub-Riemannian contact manifolds with bounded geometry, which act trivially on cohomology. For instance, this allows us to replace a closed form, up to adding a controlled exact form, with a much more regular differential form.
Acute limb ischemia in a patient with pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis – case report and systematic review of dabigatran use
Authors: Di Pilla Marina , Barco Stefano , Sacco Clara , Barosi Giovanni , Lodigiani Corrado
Published: June 2020

Summary: A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis after acute left lower-limb ischemia requiring amputation and portal vein thrombosis. After surgery he developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with venous thromboembolism, successfully treated with argatroban followed by dabigatran. Our systematic review of the literature supports the use of dabigatran for suspected HIT.
The Shape of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Blanke Elisabeth S. , Kalokerinos Elise K. , Riediger Michaela , Brose Annette
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Density Distribution approach to personality characterizes traits using both mean levels and within-person variability of behaviors. Recent theory highlights that emotion regulation (ER) is inherently variable, and this Density Distribution approach seems particularly suitable to understand both average tendencies and dynamics of ER as person-specific characteristics. However, there is not yet empirical evidence for this suggestion. To fill this gap, we investigated the reliability of density distribution information gathered from repeated assessments of state ER (within-person mean levels and standard deviations). Specifically, we studied the reliability of ER strategy use in terms of internal consistency and short- and long-term stability within and across two waves of experience sampling ( N = 153, M = 70 measurement occasions). Across both average tendencies and within-person variation, we found that individuals used different ER strategies relatively consistently. Overall, within-person ER mean levels and standard deviations were stable within and across the waves. Taken together, this suggests that the person-specific overall pattern of ER use in daily life is captured reliably using experience-sampling methodology (ESM).
Seismicity on Conjugate Faults in Ölfus, South Iceland: Case Study of the 1998 Hjalli‐Ölfus Earthquake
Authors: Parameswaran R. M. , Thorbjarnardóttir B. S. , Stefánsson R. , Bjarnason I. Th.
Published: June 2020

The Ölfus seismic belt lies at the western end of the ~E‐W sinistral transform shear zone in South Iceland, called the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ), where most seismicity and surface faulting show ~N‐S dextral slip. Unlike the rest of SISZ, seismicity in west Ölfus is predominantly along the ~ENE‐WSW direction. Throughout recorded history, Ölfus has shown an interactive behavior with the Hengill volcanic system that lies northwest of the zone. For instance, the 13 November 1998 Mw 5.1 earthquake in the Hjalli area (west Ölfus) and its ~ENE trending aftershock sequence were likely triggered by the 4 June 1998 Mw 5.4 Hengill earthquake sequence. These events point to an interplay between conjugate ~N‐S and ~ENE‐WSW faults in the region. Relative relocations of earthquakes in Hjalli‐Ölfus from July 1991 to December 1999 (Icelandic Meteorological Office, 2017) are chiefly limited to 4‐ to 8‐km depth along the ~ENE direction with a few distributed on smaller ~N‐S faults. The foreshocks of the November 1998 earthquake occurred on a ~N‐S fault until a day prior to the mainshock when they shifted to the ~ENE direction. The subsequent aftershocks are also mainly restricted to the ~ENE direction. We find that the Mw 5.1 (Global Centroid Moment Tensor moment = 5.43 × 1016 N‐m) Hjalli‐Ölfus earthquake ruptured a near‐vertical ~ENE fault area of 24–40 km2 with left‐lateral average slip of 5–8 cm. Multiple relocations of the mainshock using various constraints indicate that the event likely occurred close to the junction of the conjugate ~ENE‐WSW and ~N‐S faults.
Outage Performance of Full‐Duplex Multiuser Relay Systems With Rician‐Distributed RSI
Authors: Raut Prasanna , Kumar Sharma Prabhat
Published: June 2020

A multiuser full‐duplex (FD) two‐wayrelaying system is considered with decode‐and‐forward relaying protocol. All nodes are assumed to have FD abilities, and residual self‐interference (RSI) at each node is modeled as a Rician‐distributed random variable. Based on the availability of channel state information (CSI) at the relay node, different scheduling schemes are adopted and investigated in terms of outage probability. For the blind case when CSI is unavailable, the random scheduling is analyzed. In the presence of CSI, the absolute channel power‐based scheduling and normalized channel power‐based scheduling schemes are considered. A precise closed‐form expression for the outage probability is derived for independent and nonidentically distributed channels. The theoretical results are verified through Monte Carlo simulations.
Evolution of Brittle Structures in Plagioclase‐Rich Rocks at High‐Pressure and High‐Temperature Conditions—Linking Laboratory Results to Field Observations
Authors: Incel Sarah , Renner Jörg , Jamtveit Bjørn
Published: June 2020

Plagioclase‐rich granulites exposed on the Lofoten archipelago, Northern Norway, display strain localization in pseudotachylytes as well as ductile shear zones that formed under similar high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. Pseudotachylytes or pseudotachylyte networks reveal no or very little hydration, whereas ductile shear zones reveal significant hydration. We combine these observations from the field with experimental results to characterize the structural evolution of brittle faults in plagioclase‐rich rocks at conditions of the lower continental crust. We performed a series of deformation experiments on intact granulite samples prepared from a natural granulite sample at 2.5 GPa confining pressure, a strain rate of 5 × 10−5 s−1, and temperatures of 700°C and 900°C to total strains of ~7–8% and ~33–36%. Samples were either deformed “as‐is” or with ~1 wt.% H2O added. Striking similarities between the experimental and natural microstructures suggest that the transformation of precursory brittle structures into ductile shear zones at eclogite‐facies conditions is most effective in samples deformed with added water triggering reaction and subsequent plastic deformation of the products along the faults and in the adjacent wall‐rock.
WD repeat-containing protein 1 maintains β-Catenin activity to promote pancreatic cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Li Hengchao , Liu Xiaohui , Jiang Shuheng , Zhou Xinwen , Yao Lie , Di Yang , Jiang Yongjian , Gu Jichun , Mao Yishen , Li Ji , Jin Chen , Yang Pengyuan , Fu Deliang
Published: June 2020

Background

The molecular signature underlying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression may include key proteins affecting the malignant phenotypes. Here, we aimed to identify the proteins implicated in PDAC with different tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stages.

Methods

Eight-plex isobaric tags coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteome of PDAC tissues with different TNM stages. A loss-of-function study was performed to evaluate the oncogenic roles of WD repeat-containing protein 1 (WDR1) in PDAC. The molecular mechanism by which WDR1 promotes PDAC progression was studied by real-time qPCR, Western blotting, proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation.

Results

A total of 5036 proteins were identified, and 4708 proteins were quantified with high confidence. Compared with normal pancreatic tissues, 37 proteins were changed significantly in PDAC tissues of different stages. Moreover, 64 proteins were upregulated or downregulated in a stepwise manner as the TNM stages of PDAC increased, and 10 proteins were related to tumorigenesis. The functionally uncharacterised protein, WDR1, was highly expressed in PDAC and predicted a poor prognosis. WDR1 knockdown suppressed PDAC tumour growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, WDR1 knockdown repressed the activity of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway; ectopic expression of a stabilised form of β-Catenin restored the suppressive effects of WDR1 knockdown. Mechanistically, WDR1 interacted with USP7 to prevent ubiquitination-mediated degradation of β-Catenin.

Conclusion

Our study identifies several previous functional unknown proteins implicated in the progression of PDAC, and provides new insight into the oncogenic roles of WDR1 in PDAC development.
Reductive dearomative arylcarboxylation of indoles with CO2 via visible-light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Zhou Wen-Jun , Wang Zhe-Hao , Liao Li-Li , Jiang Yuan-Xu , Cao Ke-Gong , Ju Tao , Li Yiwen , Cao Guang-Mei , Yu Da-Gang
Published: June 2020

Catalytic reductive coupling of two electrophiles and one unsaturated bond represents an economic and efficient way to construct complex skeletons, which is dominated by transition-metal catalysis via two electron transfer. Herein, we report a strategy of visible-light photoredox-catalyzed successive single electron transfer, realizing dearomative arylcarboxylation of indoles with CO2. This strategy avoids common side reactions in transition-metal catalysis, including ipso-carboxylation of aryl halides and β-hydride elimination. This visible-light photoredox catalysis shows high chemoselectivity, low loading of photocatalyst, mild reaction conditions (room temperature, 1 atm) and good functional group tolerance, providing great potential for the synthesis of valuable but difficultly accessible indoline-3-carboxylic acids. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radicals and anions might be generated as the key intermediates, thus providing a direction for reductive couplings with other electrophiles, including D2O and aldehyde.
The BenBioDen database, a global database for meio-, macro- and megabenthic biomass and densities
Authors: Stratmann Tanja , van Oevelen Dick , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Wei Chih-Lin , Liao Jian-Xiang , Cusson Mathieu , Scrosati Ricardo A. , Archambault Philippe , Snelgrove Paul V. R. , Ramey-Balci Patricia A. , Burd Brenda J. , Kenchington Ellen , Gilkinson Kent , Belley Rénald , Soetaert Karline
Published: June 2020

Benthic fauna refers to all fauna that live in or on the seafloor, which researchers typically divide into size classes meiobenthos (32/64 µm–0.5/1 mm), macrobenthos (250 µm–1 cm), and megabenthos (>1 cm). Benthic fauna play important roles in bioturbation activity, mineralization of organic matter, and in marine food webs. Evaluating their role in these ecosystem functions requires knowledge of their global distribution and biomass. We therefore established the BenBioDen database, the largest open-access database for marine benthic biomass and density data compiled so far. In total, it includes 11,792 georeferenced benthic biomass and 51,559 benthic density records from 384 and 600 studies, respectively. We selected all references following the procedure for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and report biomass records as grams of wet mass, dry mass, or ash-free dry mass, or carbon per m2 and as abundance records as individuals per m2. This database provides a point of reference for future studies on the distribution and biomass of benthic fauna.
Far-field polarization signatures of surface optical nonlinearity in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors
Authors: Pakhomov A. V. , Löchner F. J. F. , Zschiedrich L. , Saravi S. , Hammerschmidt M. , Burger S. , Pertsch T. , Setzpfandt F.
Published: June 2020

We analyse possibilities to quantitatively evaluate the surface second-order optical nonlinearity in noncentrosymmetric materials based on polarization-resolved analysis of far-field radiation patterns of second-harmonic generation. We analytically demonstrate that for plane-wave illumination the contribution to the second-harmonic signal from the surface of a nonlinear medium exhibits different polarization properties and angular dependencies compared to the contribution from the bulk. In view of this, we optimize the illumination geometry in order to enable the most efficient separation and comparison of both nonlinearities. Furthermore, we consider the illumination of an AlGaAs slab by a tightly-focused linearly-polarized Gaussian beam as an alternative measurement geometry. It is found that the reliable separation of the surface nonlinearity contribution as well as a wide range of detectable values can be achieved with this geometry as well.
Differential effect of obesity on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion with and without diabetes: a Korean nationwide cohort study
Authors: Paik Dong Won , Han Kyungdo , Kang Se Woong , Ham Don-Il , Kim Sang Jin , Chung Tae-Young , Lim Dong Hui
Published: June 2020

We aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).This is a retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance System data. The participants were 23,061,531 adults older than 20 years who received a health examination at least once between 2009 and 2012, and all patients were observed for RVO development until 2015. We used a multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis to evaluate the association between RVO and body mass index (BMI) with and without DM. The analysis were evaluated via a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The age-, sex-, and multivariable-adjusted HRs for RVO were stratified by BMI. This population-based study revealed evidence that obesity has a different effect on the incidence of RVO in the presence and absence of DM.In people with DM, a lower BMI was associated with an increased risk of RVO, and a higher BMI was associated with a lower risk for RVO. In people without DM, the correlation was reversed: a lower BMI was associated with a lower risk for RVO and vice versa.
Incorporating hybrid models into lysine malonylation sites prediction on mammalian and plant proteins
Authors: Chung Chia-Ru , Chang Ya-Ping , Hsu Yu-Lin , Chen Siyu , Wu Li-Ching , Horng Jorng-Tzong , Lee Tzong-Yi
Published: June 2020

Protein malonylation, a reversible post-translational modification of lysine residues, is associated with various biological functions, such as cellular regulation and pathogenesis. In proteomics, to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of malonylation at the molecular level, the identification of malonylation sites via an efficient methodology is essential. However, experimental identification of malonylated substrates via mass spectrometry is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Although numerous methods have been developed to predict malonylation sites in mammalian proteins, the computational resource for identifying plant malonylation sites is very limited. In this study, a hybrid model incorporating multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with physicochemical properties, evolutionary information, and sequenced-based features was developed for identifying protein malonylation sites in mammals. For plant malonylation, multiple CNNs and random forests were integrated into a secondary modeling phase using a support vector machine. The independent testing has demonstrated that the mammalian and plant malonylation models can yield the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) at 0.943 and 0.772, respectively. The proposed scheme has been implemented as a web-based tool, Kmalo (https://fdblab.csie.ncu.edu.tw/kmalo/home.html), which can help facilitate the functional investigation of protein malonylation on mammals and plants.
Author Correction: Ultra high dose rate (35 Gy/sec) radiation does not spare the normal tissue in cardiac and splenic models of lymphopenia and gastrointestinal syndrome
Authors: Venkatesulu Bhanu Prasad , Sharma Amrish , Pollard-Larkin Julianne M. , Sadagopan Ramaswamy , Symons Jessica , Neri Shinya , Singh Pankaj K. , Tailor Ramesh , Lin Steven H. , Krishnan Sunil
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Crystallization of BaF2 from droplets of phase separated glass – evidence of a core–shell structure by ASAXS
Authors: Hoell Armin , Raghuwanshi Vikram Singh , Bocker Christian , Herrmann Andreas , Rüssel Christian , Höche Thomas
Published: June 2020

Glasses with the mol% compositions 1.88 Na2O·15.04 K2O·7.52 Al2O3·69.56 SiO2·6.00 BaF2 and 1.88 Na2O·15.03 K2O·7.52 Al2O3·69.52 SiO2·6.00 BaF2·0.05 SmF3 were studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering.
Perylene diimide derivative via ionic self-assembly: helical supramolecular structure and selective detection of ATP
Authors: Lu Lin , Sun Hai-Jun , Zeng Yu-Ting , Shao Yu , Bermeshev Maxim V. , Zhao Yang , Sun Bin , Chen Zhi-Jian , Ren Xiang-Kui , Zhu Meifang
Published: June 2020

The novel PDI complex can be self-assembled into a helical supramolecular structure. Moreover, the solution of the complex can also realize the visual detection of ATP.
Designing enhanced and ratiometric probes for detecting OCl− based on substituents influencing the fluorescence of HBT and their application in strips and bioimaging
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Yan Fanyong , Jiang Yingxia , Zhang Hao , Sun Zhonghui , Wang Ruijie , Cui Yali
Published: June 2020

Based on strong electron-withdrawing effect of nitro group to powerfully influence the fluorescence of fluorophores, enhanced and ratiometric probes were synthesize to detect OCl− for portable test strips and cell imaging.
Determination of acidity constants at 37 °C through the internal standard capillary electrophoresis (IS-CE) method: internal standards and application to polyprotic drugs
Authors: Lebanov Leo , Fuguet Elisabet , Melo Javier M. , Rosés Martí
Published: June 2020

This work provides the pKaat the biorelevant temperature of 37 °C for a set of compounds proposed as internal standards for the internal standard capillary electrophoresis method. The method is applied to pKadetermination of polyprotic drugs.
Ensuring high selectivity for preconcentration and detection of ultra-trace cadmium using a phage-functionalized metal–organic framework
Authors: Li Yi-Kun , Wang Xiao-Yan , Liu Xun , Yang Ting , Chen Ming-Li , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: June 2020

A phage functionalized metal–organic framework for selective preconcentration and detection of trace cadmium.
Flexible porous aerogels decorated with Ag nanoparticles as an effective SERS substrate for label-free trace explosives detection
Authors: Liu Wei , Song Zihao , Zhao Yifan , Liu Yu , He Xuan , Cui Sheng
Published: June 2020

Ag nanoparticle decorated porous silica aerogels as a flexible SERS substrate for sensitive, stable and label-free detection of explosive NTO was reported. And this substrate has a certain application prospect in the field of explosives sensing.
Copper foam in situ loaded with precious metal nanoparticles as transmission SEIRAS substrate for rapid detection of dithiocarbamate pesticides
Authors: Jiang Xincheng , Liu Wen , Luo Bin , Liu Xuke , Huang Yuting , Wang Dongmei , Fan Meikun , Gong Zhengjun
Published: June 2020

Copper foam in situ loaded with precious metal nanoparticles as transmission SEIRAS substrate.
The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of mesoporous hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Li Wenqin , Wei Wenying , Wu Xiaopei , Zhao Yanan , Dai Honglian
Published: June 2020

The mesoporous hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MHFPs) exhibit a dramatic improvement in antibacterial efficacy under an AMF by damaging the cell membrane and biofilm dispersal is also found in this system.
Conversion of racemic alcohols to optically pure amine precursors enabled by catalyst dynamic kinetic resolution: experiment and computation
Authors: Azofra Luis Miguel , Tran Mai Anh , Zubar Viktoriia , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus , El-Sepelgy Osama
Published: June 2020

An unprecedented base metal catalysed asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral amine precursors from racemic alcohols is reported.
From plant to probe: semi-synthesis of labelled undecaprenol analogues allows rapid access to probes for antibiotic targets
Authors: Cochrane Rachel V. K. , Alexander Francesca M. , Boland Coilín , Fetics Susan K. , Caffrey Martin , Cochrane Stephen A.
Published: June 2020

Extraction of undecaprenol from bay leaves followed by synthetic modification is a convenient method to obtain novel chemical probes.
Single nucleotide variant discrimination by toehold exchange spherical nucleic acids modulated on hierarchical molybdenum disulfide acanthospheres
Authors: Zhu Min , Yu Yanyan , Zhu Junfeng , Zhou Yao , Su Gaoxing , Zhu Hongyan , Chen Yong , Liu Mingkai
Published: June 2020

Toehold exchange spherical nucleic acids (TESNA) modulated on molybdenum disulfide acanthospheres are proposed for the discrimination of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity.
Quinoxaline radical-bridged transition metal complexes with very strong antiferromagnetic coupling
Authors: Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Xie Haomiao , Dunbar Kim R.
Published: June 2020

Synthesis, magnetic studies and, theoretical calculations of a new family of transition metal complexes bridged by a quinoxaline-based radical.
Pertosylated pillar[5]arene: self-template assisted synthesis and supramolecular polymer formation
Authors: Ruengsuk Araya , Khamphaijun Korawit , Pananusorn Puttipong , Docker Andrew , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Harding David J. , Bunchuay Thanthapatra
Published: June 2020

A facile synthesis of decatosylate pillar[5]arene is reported in excellent yield (>70%). The pendant tosylate arms function as an effective template in the synthesis and supramolecular polymer formation.
Pillar[5]arene microcapsules turn on fluid flow in the presence of paraquat
Authors: Varshney Rohit , Alam Mujeeb , Agashe Chinmayee , Joseph Roymon , Patra Debabrata
Published: June 2020

We report the fabrication of pillar[5]arene (P[5]A) stabilized MCs via the self-assembly and crosslinking of P[5]A nanoaggregates at the liquid–liquid interface. These P[5]A MCs microengines turn on fluid flow in the presence of paraquat (PQ) due to host–guest molecular recognition.
Mechanochemical approaches towards the in situ confinement of 5-FU anti-cancer drug within MIL-100 (Fe) metal–organic framework
Authors: Souza Barbara E. , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: June 2020

Low-cost mechanochemistry methods for in situ confinement of “guest” drug molecules into a “host” metal–organic framework to yield nanoscale guest@host drug delivery systems.
Mechanism of wettability alteration of the calcite {101̄4} surface
Authors: Li Huifang , Vovusha Hakkim , Sharma Sitansh , Singh Nirpendra , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: June 2020

We propose that formation of Na+ hydrates plays an important role in the wettability alteration of the calcite {101̄4} surface.
Water-polyamide chemical interplay in desalination membranes explored by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Gericke Sabrina M. , Mulhearn William D. , Goodacre Dana E. , Raso Joseph , Miller Daniel J. , Carver Lauryn , Nemšák Slavomír , Karslıoğlu Osman , Trotochaud Lena , Bluhm Hendrik , Stafford Christopher M. , Buechner Christin
Published: June 2020

Using ambient-pressure XPS, we investigate the chemical interaction between water and polyamide membranes, to understand water transport in desalination membranes.