bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of dining experience on future intention in quick service restaurants
Authors: Richardson Scott , Lefrid Mohammed , Jahani Shiva , Munyon Matthew D. , Rasoolimanesh S. Mostafa
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the dining experience including food quality, service quality, convenience and ambiance on overall satisfaction and customers’ intention to revisit in quick service restaurants (QSRs). In addition, the mediating effects of overall satisfaction between dining experience dimensions and customer intention to revisit have been investigated in this study.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected online from 278 participants in the USA and analyzed using partial least square structure equation modeling (SmartPLS).

Findings

Food quality, service quality and convenience are strong predictors of both overall satisfaction and intention to revisit and recommend QSRs. However, ambiance did not directly influence the customer overall satisfaction in a QSR setting, Also, overall satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between the dining experience attributes and future intention to revisit and recommend QSRs.

Research limitations/implications

This study makes a significant contribution to the QSRs literature by examining the effects of dining experience on satisfaction and intention to revisit, as well as the meditation role of satisfaction. Moreover, this study has several practical implications for QSRs practitioners and foodservice marketers. Self-selection to take the online questionnaire is considered one of this study’s limitations.

Practical implications

Restaurant managers, especially in the QSR segment, could benefit from the outcome of this study by utilizing their limited resources on improving their customers’ satisfaction and restaurants profitability.

Social implications

By understanding which attributes of the dining experience value most during their visit to QSRs, this study aims to provide some insight on how to improve QSR customers overall satisfaction and future intention.

Originality/value

This study is unique as it applies attributes from fine dining and casual dining attributed to QSRs in the USA. In addition, this study is the first on QSRs to use SmartPLS as statistical tool for analyzing the collected data and simultaneously accounting the relationships between the constructs introduced in this study.
Corporate social responsibility and business ethics: conceptualization, scale development and validation
Authors: Harrison Dana E. , Ferrell O.C. , Ferrell Linda , Hair, Jr Joe F.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to theoretically develop and empirically validate separate scales that represent a consumer’s expectations of business ethics (BE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review and qualitative research were conducted to generate items for the scales. Initial item reduction was performed qualitatively based on a panel of experts. A follow-up quantitative assessment using an exploratory factor analysis further reduced the items. The scales were then validated using confirmatory composite analysis with partial least squares-structural equation modeling.

Findings

Separate scales representing consumers’ expectations of BE and CSR behaviors were developed. The scales exhibited reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and external validity.

Practical implications

The separation of these scales into two components will facilitate more precise examination of consumer perceptions of these two components of product and brand images, and how they may impact brand attitudes and brand trust.

Originality/value

This is the first effort to develop separate scales for consumer expectations of ethics and CSR, and assess their impact on brand outcomes.
Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study
Authors: Mohajeri Mahsa , Hoojeghani Shiva , Pourfarzi Farhad , Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad , Barzegar Ali
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Obesity is a multi-factorial problem that develops from an interaction between diet, genetics, physical activity, medication, and other factors. This paper aims to examine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity among adults of Ardebil.

Design/methodology/approach

This case-control study was conducted on 204 cases (obese and overweight participants) and 204 controls (healthy weight individuals) matched by socioeconomic status (SES), age (older than 30 years) and sex. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h food recall questionnaire. Data on physical activity and socio-demographic variables were gathered. DDS was computed based on the scoring of the 14 food groups recommended by the Food and Agriculture organization guideline.

Findings

The DDS of the obese group was higher (5.02 ± 1.02) than that of the healthy weight group (4.23 ± 1.18) (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between DDS and body mass index (BMI) in both groups of study, but this association was more significant in the obese group (β= 0.501,p = 0.021) than that of healthy weight group (β= 0.413,p= 0.042). Vegetable food group score in both groups of the study was associated with obesity inversely (p < 0.05).

Originality/value

This study was conducted for the first time in Ardabil city and the results showed for the first time that there is a relationship between dietary diversity and obesity. People with a higher dietary diversity score are more likely to be obese. In fact, this study for the first time proved that people who are obese have a more varied diet but less vegetables and fruits.
Breast cancer drugs perturb fundamental vascular functions of endothelial cells by attenuating protein S‐nitrosylation
Authors: Giri Suvendu , Katakia Yash Tushar , Chatterjee Suvro , Gajalakshmi Palanivel
Published: September 2019

Cardiovascular side effects of broadly used chemotherapeutic drugs such as Tamoxifen citrate (TC), Capecitabine (CP) and Epirubicin (EP) among cancer survivors are well established. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to protect cardiovascular tissues under conditions of stress. NO can act through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐dependent and ‐independent pathways. Particularly, the S‐nitrosylation of SH‐groups in a protein by NO falls under cGMP‐independent effects of NO. TC, CP, and EP are hypothesized as interfering with cellular protein S‐nitrosylation, which, in turn, may lead to endothelial dysfunctions. The results show that all three drugs attenuate nitrosylated proteins in endothelial cells. A significant reduction in endogenous S‐nitrosylated proteins was revealed by Saville–Griess assay, immunofluorescence and western blot. Incubation with the drugs causes a reduction in endothelial migration, vasodilation and tube formation, while the addition of S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) has a reversal of this effect. In conclusion, results indicate the possibility of decreased cellular nitrosothiols as being one of the reasons for endothelial dysfunctions under TC, CP and EP treatment. Identification of the down‐regulated S‐nitrosylated proteins so as to correlate their implications on fundamental vascular functions could be an interesting phenomenon.
Chronic sleep fragmentation shares similar pathogenesis with neurodegenerative diseases: Endosome‐autophagosome‐lysosome pathway dysfunction and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation
Authors: Xie Yi , Ba Li , Wang Min , Deng Sai‐Yue , Chen Si‐Miao , Huang Li‐Fang , Zhang Min , Wang Wei , Ding Feng‐Fei
Published: September 2019

Aims

Insufficient sleep has been found to result in varying degrees of cognitive impairment and emotional changes. Sleep was reported probably responsible for cleaning metabolic wastes in brain by increasing extracellular bulk flow. Herein, we propose that chronic sleep insufficiency in young adult wild‐type mice is also linked with dysfunction of intracellular protein degradation pathways and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation, which are potentially important mechanisms in the initiation of neurodegeneration.

Methods

We applied the chronic sleep fragmentation (CSF) model to induce chronic sleep insufficiency in wild‐type mice. After 2 months of CSF, cognitive function, amyloid‐β accumulation, dysfunction of endosome‐autophagosome‐lysosome pathway, and microglia activation were evaluated.

Results

Following CSF, impairment of spatial learning and memory, and aggravated anxiety‐like behavior in mice were identified by behavioral experiments. Increased intracellular amyloid‐β accumulation was observed in cortex and hippocampus. Mechanistically, CSF could significantly enhance the expression of Rab5 (early endosome marker), Rab7 (late endosome marker), as well as LC3B (autophagosome marker), and autophagy‐positive regulatory factors in brain detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot. In addition, activation of microglia was evident by enhanced CD68, CD16/32, and CD206 levels after CSF treatment.

Conclusions

Chronic sleep fragmentation could initiate pathogenetic processes similar to the early stage of neurodegeneration, including dysfunction of endosome‐autophagosome‐lysosome pathway and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation. Our findings further strengthen the link between chronic sleep insufficiency and the initiation of neurodegeneration even if lack of genetic predisposition.
Intratumour heterogeneity in endometrial serous carcinoma assessed by targeted sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification: a descriptive study
Authors: Cuevas Dolors , Velasco Ana , Vaquero Marta , Santacana Maria , Gatius Sònia , Eritja Núria , Estaran Elena , Matias‐Guiu Xavier
Published: September 2019

Aims

Endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) represents the most aggressive subtype of endometrial carcinoma (EC). According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ESC exhibits a genomic profile characterised by frequent TP53 mutations and somatic copy‐number alterations (SCNA). Several studies have suggested the role of intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) in tumour progression and therapy resistance, highlighting ITH as a challenge for personalised medicine. ITH is described as the co‐existence of clonal and subclonal cellular populations within a single tumour. To date, the extent and prevalence of ITH in ESC have not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to address ITH analysis in ESC. We performed a descriptive integrated molecular approach using targeted sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to identify mutations and SCNA patterns, respectively.

Methods and results

Eight ESC were examined, selecting three tumour regions per case and their corresponding normal tissue. For targeted sequencing a gene panel of 40 genes based on TCGA and other survey data was performed. For MLPA different probe mixes were used to detect SCNA in 106 genes. Analysis of mutations and SCNA were performed in each sample and comparative analysis of the three tumour regions was also conducted. Targeted sequencing showed that mutations in TP53, PIK3CA and PPP2R1A were ubiquitous in all tumour regions. Moreover, MLPA results demonstrated a high frequency of SCNA, according to the already known presence of genomic instability in ESC. Unlike the homogeneous distribution of somatic mutations, SCNA exhibited ITH affecting targetable genes such as ERBB2.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that somatic gene copy‐number alterations are the main source of ITH in ESC.
Native or non‐native? Historical biogeography of an emergent forest pest, Matsucoccus macrocicatrices
Authors: Whitney Thomas D. , Gandhi Kamal J. K. , Lucardi Rima D.
Published: September 2019

Aim

A historically benign insect herbivore, Matsucoccus macrocicatrices, has recently been linked to dieback and mortality of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Previous reports indicated that its native range was restricted to New England, USA and southeastern Canada. Now, the insect occurs throughout an area extending from the putative native range, southward to Georgia, and westward to Wisconsin. Our goal was to evaluate whether its current distribution was due to recent introductions consistent with invasion processes. We considered two hypotheses: (a) if recent expansion into adventive regions occurred, those populations would have reduced genetic diversity due to founder effect(s); alternatively (b) if M. macrocicatrices is native and historically co‐occurred with its host tree throughout the North American range, then populations would have greater overall genetic diversity and a population structure indicative of past biogeographical influences.

Location

Eastern North America.

Methods

We developed nine M. macrocicatrices‐specific microsatellite markers de novo and genotyped 390 individuals from 22 populations sampled across the range of eastern white pine in the USA. We assessed genetic variability, relatedness, and population structure.

Results

There were no signatures of founder effects. The only differences in genetic diversity occurred latitudinally, where the number of rare alleles and observed heterozygosity was highest in the southern range extent. Analyses of population structure indicated three distinct genetic clusters separated by the Great Lakes and the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Main Conclusions

The seemingly sudden ecological shift from benign herbivore to significant pest led us to suspect that M. macrocicatrices was non‐native. However, our findings suggest that this insect is native and has likely co‐occurred with its host tree since the last glacial maximum. Our study demonstrates the importance of historical biogeographical reconstruction to inform how to approach an emergent pest.
Geographic range and habitat reconstructions shed light on palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction and regional diversification patterns in Artabotrys (Annonaceae)
Authors: Chen Junhao , Thomas Daniel C. , Saunders Richard M. K.
Published: September 2019

Aim

The biogeographical and habitat history of the species‐rich angiosperm genus Artabotrys is reconstructed to assess hypotheses relating to processes that underlie palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID) and regional diversification patterns.

Location

Palaeotropics.

Taxon

Artabotrys (Annonaceae).

Methods

Phylogenetic relationships were estimated based on 53 Artabotrys species, using four chloroplast and 10 nuclear markers (c. 15.7 kb). Divergence times were estimated using two fossil calibrations and an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. Ancestral range estimation was performed under a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model while ancestral habitat reconstruction was conducted using the BAYAREALIKE model.

Results

Artabotrys is unequivocally monophyletic, with a species‐rich main Artabotrys clade (MAC) comprising distinct African and Asian sister clades, and an early divergent grade (EDG) comprising two African species. An ancestral range in Africa is inferred, with a single dispersal to Asia. The PID at the MAC crown occurred in the Miocene. A broad habitat tolerance spanning rain forests and seasonally dry forests/savannas was inferred at the MAC stem and crown nodes. Several shifts from rain forests to seasonally dry habitats were inferred, but there is no indication of a reverse transition.

Main conclusions

The most plausible explanation for the PID involves overland migration across Arabia in the Miocene, prior to subsequent climate deterioration. Long‐standing differences in climatic niche may have resulted in a significant yet porous biogeographical divide at the Isthmus of Kra, but Wallace's line does not reflect differences in climatic niches. Niche conservatism is an underlying pattern in Artabotrys, with local niche shifts occurring rather recently.
Time‐of‐day‐dependent sensitivity of the reproductive axis to RFamide‐related peptide‐3 inhibition in female Syrian hamsters
Authors: Gotlieb Neta , Baker Cydni N. , Moeller Jacob , Kriegsfeld Lance J.
Published: September 2019

In spontaneously ovulating rodent species, the timing of the luteinising hormone (LH) surge is controlled by the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN initiates the LH surge via the coordinated control of two opposing neuropeptidergic systems that lie upstream of the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system: the stimulatory peptide, kisspeptin, and the inhibitory peptide, RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3; the mammalian orthologue of avian gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone [GnIH]). We have previously shown that the GnRH system exhibits time‐dependent sensitivity to kisspeptin stimulation, further contributing to the precise timing of the LH surge. To examine whether this time‐dependent sensitivity of the GnRH system is unique to kisspeptin or a more common mechanism of regulatory control, we explored daily changes in the response of the GnRH system to RFRP‐3 inhibition. Female Syrian hamsters were ovariectomised to eliminate oestradiol (E2)‐negative‐feedback and RFRP‐3 or saline was centrally administered in the morning or late afternoon. LH concentrations and Lhβ mRNA expression did not differ between morning RFRP‐3‐and saline‐treated groups, although they were markedly suppressed by RFRP‐3 administration in the afternoon. However, RFRP‐3 inhibition of circulating LH at the time of the surge does not appear to act via the GnRH system because no differences in medial preoptic area Gnrh or RFRP‐3 receptor Gpr147 mRNA expression were observed. Rather, RFRP‐3 suppressed arcuate nucleus Kiss1 mRNA expression and potentially impacted pituitary gonadotrophs directly. Taken together, these findings reveal time‐dependent responsiveness of the reproductive axis to RFRP‐3 inhibition, possibly via variation in the sensitivity of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurones to this neuropeptide.
Optic nerve sheath diameter in children with acute liver failure: A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Das Mridul C. , Srivastava Anshu , Yadav Rajanikant K. , Yachha Surender K. , Poddar Ujjal
Published: September 2019

Background & Aims

Early detection of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) improves outcome in acute liver failure (ALF). We evaluated the feasibility of bedside, ultrasound‐guided measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in normal and ALF children and correlation of ONSD with grade of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), international normalized ratio (INR) and blood ammonia (BA).

Methods

Forty‐one ALF and 47 healthy children (5‐18 years) were prospectively enrolled and 12 hourly clinical evaluation was done. Laboratory parameters including INR and BA were recorded. ONSD was measured at admission, change in HE grade and at recovery in ALF, and once in controls.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐one ONSD measurements (ALF‐74, controls‐47) were taken without complications. ONSD was 4.2 (3.9‐4.3), 4.4 (4.0‐4.6), 5.2 (4.8‐5.8) and 3.9 (3.3‐4.1) mm in controls, ALF without HE, with HE and at recovery respectively. ONSD was significantly higher in ALF with HE than those without HE. ALF without HE and at recovery had ONSD similar to controls. ONSD was higher in ALF with the clinical signs of raised ICP than those without (5.4 [4.9‐5.7] vs 4.6 [4.1‐5.3] mm; P = .01). ONSD of 4.6 mm differentiated ALF with HE vs without HE and 5.1 mm between poor vs good non‐transplant outcome with ≥80% sensitivity and specificity. ONSD positively correlated with INR (r = .53, P < .001) and BA (r = .42, P = .002).

Conclusions

ONSD can be safely and easily measured in ALF children and correlates with HE grade, INR and BA. Normal ONSD in children (>4 years) is <4.5 mm and value of >5.1 mm in ALF requires urgent attention.
Phylogenomics of the genusPopulusreveals extensive interspecific gene flow and balancing selection
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhiyang , Li Mengmeng , Wang Deyan , Zhang Xu , Xi Zhenxiang , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Smart Lawrence B. , DiFazio Stephen P. , Olson Matthew S. , Yin Tongming , Liu Jianquan , Ma Tao
Published: September 2019

Phylogenetic analysis is complicated by interspecific gene flow and the presence of shared ancestral polymorphisms, particularly those maintained by balancing selection. In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of these factors during the diversification ofPopulus, a model tree genus in the Northern Hemisphere.

We constructed phylogenetic trees of 29Populustaxa using 80 individuals based on re‐sequenced genomes. Our species tree analyses recovered four main clades in the genus based on consensus nuclear phylogenies, but in conflict with the plastome phylogeny. A few interspecific relationships remained unresolved within the multiple‐species clade because of inconsistent gene trees. Our results indicated that gene flow has been widespread within each clade and also occurred among the four clades during their early divergence.

We identified 45 candidate genes with ancient polymorphisms maintained by balancing selection. These genes were mainly associated with mating compatibility, growth and stress resistance.

Both gene flow and selection‐mediated ancient polymorphisms are prevalent in the genusPopulus. These are potentially important contributors to adaptive variation. Our results provide a framework for the diversification of model tree genus that will facilitate future comparative studies.
DWT1/DWL2 act together with OsPIP5K1 to regulate plant uniform growth in rice
Authors: Fang Fang , Ye Shiwei , Tang Jingyao , Bennett Malcolm J. , Liang Wanqi
Published: September 2019

Uniform growth of the main shoot and tillers significantly influences rice plant architecture and grain yield. The WUSCHEL‐related homeobox transcription factor DWT1 is a key regulator of this important agronomic trait, disruption of which causes enhanced main shoot dominance and tiller dwarfism by an unknown mechanism.

Here, we have used yeast‐two‐hybrid screening to identify OsPIP5K1, a member of the rice phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase family, as a protein that interacts with DWT1. Cytological analyses confirmed that DWT1 induces accumulation of OsPIP5K1 and its product PI(4,5)P2, a phosphoinositide secondary messenger, in nuclear bodies.

Mutation of OsPIP5K1 compounds the dwarf dwt1 phenotype but abolishes the main shoot dominance. Conversely, overexpression of OsPIP5K1 partially rescues dwt1 developmental defects. Furthermore, we showed that DWL2, the homologue of DWT1, is also able to interact with OsPIP5K1 and shares partial functional redundancy with DWT1 in controlling rice uniformity.

Overall, our data suggest that nuclear localised OsPIP5K1 acts with DWT1 and/or DWL2 to coordinate the uniform growth of rice shoots, likely to be through nuclear phosphoinositide signals, and provides insights into the regulation of rice uniformity via a largely unexplored plant nuclear signalling pathway.
The effect of altered head and tongue posture on upper airway volume based on a validated upper airway analysis—An MRI pilot study
Authors: Gurani Sirwan Fernandez , Cattaneo Paolo Maria , Rafaelsen Søren Rafael , Pedersen Malene Roland , Thorn Jens Jørgen , Pinholt Else Marie
Published: September 2019

Objective

To determine the influence of altered head or tongue posture on upper airway (UA) volumes using MRI imaging based on a new objective and validated UA evaluation protocol.

Setting and sample population

One supine CBCT and five sagittal MRI scans were obtained from ten subjects in different head and tongue positions: (a) supine neutral head position (NHP) with the tongue in a natural resting position with the tip of the tongue in contact with the lingual aspect of the lower incisors (TRP); (b) head extension with TRP; (c) head flexion with TRP; (d) NHP with the tip of the tongue in contact with the posterior edge of the hard palate (THP); and (e) NHP with the tip of the tongue in contact with the floor of the mouth in contact with the caruncula sublingualis.

Material and methods

Based on a validated CBCT UA analysis, the retropalatal, oropharyngeal and the corresponding total volumes were measured from each MRI scan. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was applied to determine the statistically significant difference in mean volume between the baseline head and tongue posture (NHP with TRP) and the other postures.

Results

Five females and five males with a mean age of 46.5 ± 13.7 years volunteered for this pilot study. UA volumes, particularly the oropharyngeal volume, increased significantly with head extension and NHP with THP and decreased significantly with head flexion.

Conclusion

Altered head and tongue posture proved to affect UA volumes, thus representing confounding variables during three‐dimensional radiographic image acquisition.
Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China
Authors: Fu S. , Bai Z. , Su H. , Liu J. , Hartung J. S. , Zhou C. , Wang X.
Published: September 2019

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non‐culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2‐1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2‐2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.
The Inferential Language Comprehension (iLC) Framework: Supporting Children's Comprehension of Visual Narratives
Authors: Kendeou Panayiota , McMaster Kristen L. , Butterfuss Reese , Kim Jasmine , Bresina Britta , Wagner Kyle
Published: September 2019

We present an integrated theoretical framework guiding the use of visual narratives in educational settings. We focus specifically on the use of static and dynamic visual narratives to teach and assess inference skills in young children and discuss evidence to support the efficacy of this approach. In doing so, first we review the basis of the integrated framework, which builds on major findings of cognitive, developmental, and language research highlighting that (a) inference skills can be developed in non‐reading contexts using different media, (b) inference skills can transfer across different media, and (c) inference skills can be improved using questioning that includes scaffolding and specific feedback. Second, we review instructional and assessment approaches that align with the proposed framework; these approaches are designed to teach or assess inference making skills using visual narratives and interactive questioning. In this context, we discuss how these approaches leverage the unique affordances of static and dynamic visual narratives with respect to unit of meaning (by increasing opportunities to generate inferences), multimodality (by providing opportunities to generate inferences of higher complexity than text), and vocabulary/knowledge demands (by providing vocabulary/knowledge support), while also reviewing evidence for their usability, feasibility, and efficacy to improve educational outcomes. We conclude with important theoretical and practical questions about future work in this area.
Analysis of the Self-Excited Dynamics of a Heavy-Duty Annular Combustion Chamber by Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Meloni Roberto , Ceccherini Gianni , Michelassi Vittorio , Riccio Giovanni
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the use of large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the performance of an annular combustion chamber in stable operating conditions and in the presence of self-exited dynamics. The availability of high-accuracy data taken in a full-scale combustion test facility allowed an extensive validation of the prediction capability. The analysis focuses on a small size heavy duty annular gas turbine whose size allows to test and compute the entire 360 deg combustion chamber. The comparison with measurements confirms that, if the correct operating conditions are implemented, LES is capable to discern between stable and unstable operating conditions, as well as predict several other engineering relevant parameters, although the model is sometime affected by a limited shift in frequency.The post processing of LES results in presence of combustion dynamics is not a trivial task. Here, the results of the simulations have been postprocessed by means of a triple decomposition method to determine a mean flow, a deterministic unsteady flow at the main instability frequency, and a turbulent stochastic flow. Such decomposition indicated the instability triggering mechanism together with the cross-talk mechanism between different components. This approach is currently used for design phase, while further validation is on-going to include different geometries and operating conditions with the goal of reducing both risks and number of tests.
Betting Market Outcomes and NBA Television Viewership
Authors: Salaga Steven , Tainsky Scott , Mondello Michael
Published: September 2019

The authors demonstrate that betting market outcomes are a statistically significant and economically relevant driver of local market television viewership in the National Basketball Association. Ratings are higher when the local market team covers the point spread and when point spread outcome uncertainty is increased. They further illustrate that point spread market outcomes have a larger relative impact on viewership in less-popular games and when the local market team is expected to perform poorly. This suggests wagering market access serves as insurance to the league and its franchises against reduced viewership in games that are less appealing to consumers. The results assess the degree to which wagering interest has driven past revenues as well as how the legalization of sports wagering may influence future revenues.
Multiple β-Lactam Resistance Gene-Carrying Plasmid Harbored by Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Isolated from Urban Sewage in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Yasunori , Ida Miki , Kubota Hiroaki , Ariyoshi Tsukasa , Murakami Ko , Kobayashi Makiko , Kato Rei , Hirai Akihiko , Suzuki Jun , Sadamasu Kenji
Published: September 2019

In our investigation of urban wastewater in Japan, carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
subsp.
quasipneumoniae
was isolated that carried the pTMSNI47-1 plasmid, which carries four β-lactamase genes and has transferability among
Enterobacteriaceae
. pTMSNI47-1 was found to encode a rarely reported carbapenemase, KHM-1. Cooperative effects of β-lactamases encoded by pTMSNI47-1 appeared to have broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams. The detection of the KHM-1 gene in urban wastewater suggests that such a rare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene can be pooled in the environment, potentially emerging as an AMR determinant in a pathogen. When the number of β-lactamase resistance genes is increased in one plasmid, the transfer of this plasmid can confer broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams, even if the individual gene confers narrow-spectrum resistance. The present study adds important information about the potential risk of sewage treatment plants as reservoirs and environmental suppliers of AMR genes, contributing to the public health from a One Health perspective.
Prescribed fire effects on oak woodland advance regeneration at the prairie–forest border in Kansas, USA
Authors: Short Mary F. , Stambaugh Michael C. , Dey Daniel C.
Published: September 2019

Understanding the effects of fire on advance regeneration of oak (Quercus L.) species and their competitors is an important step in determining the role of prescribed fire in regenerating and restoring upland oak ecosystems. Our study aimed to understand how dormant-season prescribed fire affects advance regeneration of chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), and their major competitors at sites targeted for woodland restoration and management. We analyzed relationships between stem size and survival probability; determined the effect of fire temperature on survival probability; and compared how mortality, sprouting, and survival differed among species. For chinkapin oak, black oak, and bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), mortality was low and rate of sprouting was high after shoot dieback. Initial basal diameter was significantly related to survival probability after one fire for all species except chinkapin oak and black oak. Height was a significant predictor of survival probability for all species except chinkapin oak. Although sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) also responded to fire by sprouting, it did so at a much lower rate than oaks and hickory (20% versus 43%–68%). These data reveal that heavily invaded, fire-suppressed woodlands on the prairie–forest border region may not experience major structural and compositional shifts without repeated burning or mechanical treatments.
Multi-device digital assistance
Authors: White Ryen W. , Fourney Adam , Herring Allen , Bennett Paul N. , Chandrasekaran Nirupama , Sim Robert , Nouri Elnaz , Encarnación Mark J.
Published: September 2019

Increased availability of cloud services and ownership of multiple digital devices create unique opportunities for digital assistants to provide guidance across a range of tasks and scenarios.
Associations between Problematic Gambling, Gaming, and Internet Use: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey
Authors: Karlsson J. , Broman N. , Håkansson A.
Published: September 2019

Background. While pathological gambling, or gambling disorder, is an established diagnosis, a link to other potential behavioural addictions has been suggested. The present study aimed to investigate whether signs of problem gaming and problematic internet use are related to problem gambling in the general population, while including other potential risk factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study design, using an electronical questionnaire, administered through a marketing survey company for relative representativeness with respect to age and gender. Potential correlates of problem gambling were measured in binary analyses, and significant associations were entered in a logistic regression analysis controlling them for one another. Problem gambling, gaming, and internet use were measured through established screening instruments (the CLiP, the GAS, and the PRIUSS). Results. Statistically significant associations were found between problem gambling and both problem gaming and problematic internet use, as well as with male gender. In logistic regression, problem gaming, problematic internet use, and male gender remained associated with problem gambling. Conclusion. After controlling for potential demographic risk factors, problem gaming and problematic internet use may be related to problem gambling, suggesting that these constructs may interact or may share similar risk factors. More research is needed to clarify factors mediating the links between these conditions.
Relationship between Burnout and Mental-Illness-Related Stigma among Nonprofessional Occupational Mental Health Staff
Authors: Mitake Tomoe , Iwasaki Shinichi , Deguchi Yasuhiko , Nitta Tomoko , Nogi Yukako , Kadowaki Aya , Niki Akihiro , Inoue Koki
Published: September 2019

Background. Stigma related to mental illness can be an obstacle affecting the quality of life of people with mental illness. Although mental illness in the workplace is a public problem globally, few studies have investigated the effect of stigma on job-related problems such as burnout. Aim. This study aimed to clarify the association between mental-illness-related stigma and burnout among nonprofessional occupational mental health staff. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, nonprofessional occupational mental health staff’s perceived mental-illness-related stigma was assessed using Link’s Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, and their burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The association between stigma and burnout was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results. In total, 282 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate: 91.3%). We excluded 54 nurses from the analysis to examine strictly nonprofessional occupational mental health staff. Finally, 228 eligible respondents were surveyed. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mental-illness-related stigma was significantly associated with a high degree of depersonalization, which was one of the burnout dimensions. However, the impact of stigma over the depersonalization domain of burnout was minor. Conclusion. The results suggest that higher perceived mental-illness-related stigma is associated with more severe burnout. It is important to take measures against mental-illness-related stigma to avoid burnout among occupational mental health staff.
Effect of Structural Condition of Milk Processing Facilities and Food Safety Systems on Escherichia coli and Coliforms Presence in Cultured Buttermilk
Authors: Paraffin Annah S. , Zindove Titus J. , Chimonyo Michael
Published: September 2019

The study investigated the effect of structural conditions of milk processing facilities and food safety systems on E. coli and coliform presence in buttermilk. Milk records collected by Dairy Services Zimbabwe (DSZ) from large-scale dairy milk processors (n=12) and small-scale farms (n=15) were analysed. Binomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of E. coli or coliforms being present in cultured buttermilk as a function of the hygiene level and structural adequacy of the processors. The likelihood of having E. coli and coliforms in cultured milk from processors with poor sanitary premises was two times higher than that from processors with good sanitary premises (P<0.05). Milk processors that used unfiltered water were 1.77 times more likely to produce cultured buttermilk contaminated with E. coli (P<0.05). Processors without food safety systems like hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) systems were more than twice likely to produce cultured buttermilk contaminated by E. coli and coliforms (P<0.05). Poor structural condition of roofs, windows, insect-proof screens, and drainage in small- and large-scale processing facilities results in production of cultured buttermilk that is contaminated by E. coli and coliforms.
Determination of Electroacupuncture Effects on circRNAs in Plasma Exosomes in Diabetic Mice: An RNA-Sequencing Approach
Authors: Shou Yin , Hu Li , Zhang Weibo , Gao Yuan , Xu Ping , Zhang Bimeng
Published: September 2019

circRNAs are involved in diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. Electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus. However, whether the mechanism of action of EA on diabetes mellitus is related to altered circRNAs is unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of EA on circRNA expression in plasma exosomes and the underlying signaling pathway in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In total, 10 mice were randomly categorized into a normal group and 20 mice were used for the T2DM model preparation and randomly divided into the model and model + EA groups. Mice in the model + EA group were administered EA treatment. Changes in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and islet structure were evaluated. Plasma exosomes were subjected to RNA sequencing, and then bioinformatics analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) verification were performed. EA treatment reduced the FBG level, preserved the islet structure, and reduced the islet β cell apoptotic rate in T2DM mice. After EA treatment, 165 differentially expressed circRNAs were found. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that thyroid hormone signaling was actively regulated by EA. circRNA/miRNA interaction analysis revealed mmu-mir-7092-3p to be closely associated with circINPP4B, suggesting that the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway may be affected by EA. qPCR confirmed that 12 circRNAs had significant differences. These findings suggested that EA intervention can significantly protect islet function and improve the FBG level in T2DM, possibly via regulation of thyroid hormone and phosphatidylinositol signaling.
Blockade of Glutathione Metabolism in IDH1-Mutated Glioma
Authors: Tang Xiaoying , Fu Xiao , Liu Yang , Yu Di , Cai Sabrina J. , Yang Chunzhang
Published: September 2019

Mutations in genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) 1 and 2 are common cancer-related genetic abnormalities. Malignancies with mutated IDHs exhibit similar pathogenesis, metabolic pattern, and resistance signature. However, an effective therapy against IDH1-mutated solid tumor remains unavailable. In this study, we showed that acquisition of IDH1 mutation results in the disruption of NADP+/NADPH balance and an increased demand for glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Moreover, the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key protective role in IDH1-mutated cells by prompting GSH synthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Pharmacologic inhibition of the Nrf2/GSH pathway via brusatol administration exhibited a potent tumor suppressive effect on IDH1-mutated cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight a possible therapeutic strategy that could be valuable for IDH1-mutated cancer treatment.
Taxonomic studies on Amomum Roxburgh s.l. (Zingiberaceae) in MyanmarⅠ: Two new species and two new records for the flora of Myanmar

Authors: DING HONG-BO , ZHOU SHI-SHUN , YANG BIN , LI REN , MAW MYA BHONE , MAUNG KYAW WIN , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: September 2019

Two taxa of Amomum (Zingiberaceae), Amomum erythranthum and Amomum ampliflorum, from Putao, Kachin State of Northern Myanmar are described and illustrated as new to science. Amomum erythranthum is morphologically similar to A. subulatum and A. nimkeyense in having similar yellow flowers, but can be distinguished by its reddish floral tube, red anther connective, red and pubescent fruit. Amomum ampliflorum is similar to A. maximum, A. dealbatum and A. odontocarpum in white flower, but differs in its longer inflorescence and much larger flower. Two species, Amomum pauciflorum and Wurfbainia microcarpum are recorded for the flora of Myanmar for the first time. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, conservation status, similarities to the related taxa, as well as colour photographs and line drawings of the type, and voucher specimens are provided for all reported taxa.
Optimal Head Position Following Intratympanic Injections of Steroids, As Determined by Virtual Reality
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Handzel Ophir , Haviv Limor , Dadia Solomon , Cavel Oren , Fliss Dan M. , Oron Yahav
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To study optimal head position after intratympanic steroid injections to enhance drug bioavailability.

Study Design

Application of virtual and in vitro models of the intratympanic anatomy.

Setting

The surgical 3‐dimensional printing laboratory of a tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A high‐resolution computerized tomographic scan of healthy temporal bone and surrounding soft tissue was segmented and reconstructed to a 3‐dimensional model. The tympanic membrane was perforated in the posterior‐inferior quadrant. Methylene blue–stained 10‐mg/mL dexamethasone was administered to the middle ear cleft, after which a 3‐dimensional rotation in space was performed to hypothesize the optimal position in relation to gravity. The same stereolithography file used for the actual model was used for a digital virtual liquid flow simulation. The optimal head position was defined as the one with the maximum vertical distance between the round window membrane and the plane of the aditus ad antrum and eustachian tube orifice.

Results

The virtual model yielded the following position of the head as optimal: 53º rotation away from the injected ear in the vertical axis (yaw), 27º rotation toward the noninjected ear in the longitudinal axis (roll), and 10º neck extension in the transverse axis (pitch).

Conclusions

Virtual imaging determined that 53º and 27º yaw and roll, respectively, away and 10º pitch were the optimal position for drug delivery after intratympanic injection to the middle ear and that an erect head position provided optimal passage of steroids from the middle ear to the inner ear.
Veiled Muslim women’s responses to experiences of gendered Islamophobia in the UK
Authors: Zempi Irene
Published: September 2019

In a post-9/11 climate, Islamophobia has increased significantly in the UK and elsewhere in the West. ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks in the UK as well as in France, Belgium, Germany and, more recently, in Sri Lanka have triggered an increase in verbal and physical attacks on Muslims. Drawing on intersectionality (as a nexus of identities that work together to render certain individuals as ‘ideal’ targets to attack), veiled Muslim women are likely to experience gendered Islamophobia in the cyber world but also in ‘real’ life due to the intersections between their ‘visible’ Muslim identity and gender performance. In the British context, although Islamophobia is recorded as a hate crime nationally, and misogyny as a hate crime locally in some police forces, veiled Muslim women are unlikely to report their experiences to the police. Drawing on qualitative interviews with Muslim women who wear the niqab (face veil), the purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which they respond to experiences of gendered Islamophobia as well as their reasons for not reporting their experiences to the police.
Searching for the ‘winner’ hip fracture patient: the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable factors on clinical outcomes following hip fracture surgery
Authors: Makridis Konstantinos G , Badras Leonidas S , Badras Stelios L , Karachalios Theofilos S
Published: September 2019

Background:

Various factors, other than the quality of surgery, may influence clinical outcomes of hip fracture patients. We aimed to evaluate the relative impact of several factors on functional outcome, quality of life, re-fracture and mortality rates following surgery for hip fractures.

Methods:

We studied 498 (62.2%) women and 302 (37.8%) men with a mean age of 81.3 years (range, 60–95) with hip fractures (femoral neck and pertrochanteric). The mean follow-up was 74 months (range 58–96). Various patient-related and surgery-related parameters were recorded and correlated to both objective and subjective mobility, functional recovery and quality of life scales. Mortality and re-fracture rates were also evaluated.

Results:

Using multiple regression analysis, age >80 years ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 1.077–1.143) and ASA score III and IV ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 2.088–3.396) (both non-modifiable factors) both proved to be independent (s.s.) factors affecting mortality rates. Age <80 years ( p = 0.000; 95% CI, 0.932–0.974), surgery delay less (modifiable factor) than 48 hours ( p = 0.046; 95% CI, 0.869–0.999), low dementia CDR index ( p = 0.005; 95% CI, 0.471–0.891) (non-modifiable factor), and osteoporosis medical treatment (modifiable factor) ( p = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.494–0.891) were shown to be independent (s.s.) factors affecting HOOS-symptoms. Osteoporosis medical treatment used proved to be an independent (s.s.) factor affecting HOOS-daily activities ( p = 0.049; 95% CI, 0.563–1.000) and quality of life (E-Qol-5D) ( p = 0.036; 95% CI, 0.737–1.325).

Conclusions:

A hip fracture patient aged <80 years old, with an ASA I-II, with low dementia CDR index and on osteoporosis medication has a better chance of an improved outcome (winner patient).