bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Succinate Dehydrogenase Gene Variant Carriers by Blood Biomarkers
Authors: Gebhardt Marcel , Kunath Carola , Fröbel Dennis , Funk Alexander M , Peitzsch Mirko , Nölting Svenja , Deutschbein Timo , Januszewicz Andrzej , Timmers Henri J L M , Robledo Mercedes , Jahn Arne , Constantinescu Georgiana , Eisenhofer Graeme , Pamporaki Christina , Richter Susan
Published: August 2024

Background

Carriers of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) are at risk of developing tumors, including paragangliomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and renal cell carcinomas. Early tumor detection is paramount for improved clinical outcome. Blood-based biomarkers could aid in identifying individuals with PVs early and provide functional evidence in patients with variants of unknown significance.

Methods

Blood plasma, urine, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and erythrocytes from patients with and without SDHx PVs were investigated for central carbon metabolites. These were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and included among others, succinate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, and lactate.

Results

Plasma succinate to fumarate ratios effectively distinguished tumor-bearing and asymptomatic patients with and without SDHx PV with promising diagnostic performance (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86-0.95), although higher levels were noted in individuals with SDHB PV. Metabolites in urine and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell extracts were largely similar between groups. Erythrocytes showed strong metabolic alterations in patients with SDHx PV compared to controls, with 8 of 13 low-molecular organic acids being significantly different (P < .05). The lactate-α-ketoglutarate-ratio of erythrocytes identified individuals with SDHx PV equally well as plasma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% (AUC 0.97).

Conclusion

Blood biomarkers have been underutilized for identifying carriers of SDHx PV or to validate variants of unknown significance. Our findings advocate for further investigation into a combined approach involving plasma and erythrocytes for future diagnostic strategies.
Surgery Plays a Leading Role in Breast Cancer Treatment for Patients Aged ≥90 Years: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ferrucci Massimo , Passeri Daniele , Milardi Francesco , Francavilla Andrea , Cagol Matteo , Toffanin Mariacristina , Montagna Giacomo , Marchet Alberto
Published: August 2024

Background

The population aged ≥90 years is increasing worldwide, yet nearly 50% of elderly breast cancer (BC) patients receive suboptimal treatments, resulting in high rates of BC-related mortality. We analyzed clinical and survival outcomes of nonagenarian BC patients to identify effective treatment strategies.

Methods

This single-institution retrospective cohort study analyzed patients aged ≥90 years diagnosed with stage I–III BC between 2007 and 2018. Patients were categorized into three treatment groups: traditional surgery (TS), performed according to local guidelines; current-standard surgery (CS), defined as breast surgery without axillary surgery (in concordance with 2016 Choosing Wisely guidelines) and/or cavity shaving; and non-surgical treatment (NS). Clinicopathological features were recorded and recurrence rates and survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results

We collected data from 113 nonagenarians with a median age of 93 years (range 90–99). Among these patients, 43/113 (38.1%) underwent TS, 34/113 (30.1%) underwent CS, and 36/113 (31.9%) underwent NS. The overall recurrence rate among surgical patients was 10.4%, while the disease progression rate in the NS group was 22.2%. Overall survival was significantly longer in surgical patients compared with NS patients (p = 0.04). BC-related mortality was significantly higher in the NS group than in the TS and CS groups (25.0% vs. 0% vs. 7.1%, respectively; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival between the TS and CS groups (p = 0.6 and p = 0.8, respectively), although the TS group experienced a significantly higher overall postoperative complication rate (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Individualized treatment planning is essential for nonagenarian BC patients. Surgery, whenever feasible, remains the treatment of choice, with CS emerging as the best option for the majority of patients.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis among high-risk individuals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Najim Mustafa A. , Almutawif Yahya A. , Eid Hamza M. A. , Yousuf Amjad M. , Alahmadi Hazem A. , Alharbi Muath E. , Aljabri Ziad O , Makhdoom Hatim M. , Yoniss Mohammed S. , El-Rahim Ibrahim H.A. Abd , Alshengeti Amer
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a highly contagious, neglected zoonotic disease of major importance worldwide. The disease is endemic in many countries, burdening healthcare systems and the livestock industry and representing a persistent public health concern in these countries. Brucellosis is considered an important occupational hazard for livestock workers. Limited studies have investigated human brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis among employees of high-risk brucellosis professions, including veterinarians, animal herders, and abattoir workers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, during the period of January–March 2023. Ninety blood samples were collected from individuals occupationally at risk of exposure to Brucella infections. Serum samples were examined for immunoglobulins (Ig)M and IgG antibodies against Brucella using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Before sample collection, a predesigned online questionnaire was used to collect the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the probable risk factors for human brucellosis. A Chi-square test was used to compare the differences among groups; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 90 participants among the high-risk individuals, Brucella IgM and IgG seropositivity were found in 8 (8.8%) and 11 (12.12%) cases, respectively. IgM mono antibody positivity was observed in 4 (4.44%) and 7 (7.77%) of the study population who tested positive for IgG only. Dual positivity for IgM and IgG antibodies was observed in 4 (4.44%) participants. No significant association was determined between seropositivity and age, urbanicity, education, occupation, and duration of exposure (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Brucellosis is a high-risk occupational disease among workers with close contact with livestock. This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence of brucellosis among occupationally high-risk individuals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, is relatively low compared to other countries in the region. Nevertheless, educational programs should be implemented to improve knowledge regarding brucellosis, particularly among high-risk individuals.

Keywords: Brucella IgG, Brucella IgM, brucellosis, Madinah, serological assays, undulant fever, zoonosis.
Integrating telepathology and digital pathology with artificial intelligence: An inevitable future
Authors: Battazza Alexandre , Brasileiro Felipe César da Silva , Tasaka Ana Cristina , Bulla Camilo , Ximenes Pedro Pol , Hosomi Juliana Emi , da Silva Patricia Fernanda , da Silva Larissa Freire , de Moura Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho , Rocha Noeme Sousa
Published: August 2024

Telepathology and digital pathology, enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI), represent groundbreaking technology advancements. These entities offer information exchange, enhanced teaching and research, and automated diagnosis with high precision through a computerized approach. Machine learning in pathology shows promise for both human and veterinary medicine, yielding favorable results and in some cases, surpassing the accuracy of human pathologists. This study aimed to highlight the significance of integrated AI with telepathology and digital pathology, outlining both its advantages and limitations while emphasizing the crucial role of pathologists in its implementation. A literature review was conducted to uncover publications and data on telepathology and AI, and their implementation in human and veterinary medicine. This approach has facilitated information exchange, enhancing both teaching and research. In addition, it facilitates the creation of innovative methods and offers more precise patient diagnoses, adhering to ethical and legal standards. This study delivers valuable and comparable data on telepathology, digital pathology, and AI integration. Given the continually emerging nature of these technologies, further studies are essential for their application to human and veterinary medicine.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, diagnosis, telepathology.
Effects of second litter syndrome on reproductive performance in sows
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hoai , Khoudphaithoune Thepsavanh , Lanh Do Thi Kim , Thanh Nguyen Van , Truong Nguyen Duc , Toan Nguyen Cong , Dung Bui Van , Dao Bui Tran Anh , Sukon Peerapol
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: The effects of second litter syndrome (SLS) on subsequent reproductive performance remain poorly understood. This study examined the impact of SLS on reproductive parameters such as piglets born alive (PBA), accumulative number of PBA (APBA), farrowing interval (FI), and risk of decreased PBA (DPBA) up to parity 5.

Materials and Methods: Data on 5,464 litters were recorded from 1,507 sow cards collected on five swine farms in northern Vietnam. A linear mixed-effect model was used to analyze the effect of SLS on the PBA, APBA, and FI. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of DPBA in parity n on the risk of DPBA in parity n + 1.

Results: About 47.8% of the sows contracted SLS (720/1507). Only APBA1-2 was significantly decreased by SLS. The APBA3-5 in SLS sows was comparable to that in non-SLS sows (41.8 vs. 41.9). Non-DPBA2 upped the risk for DPBA3 by 3.6-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–4.6). Moreover, non-DPBA3 increased the risk of DPBA4 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.1–3.7), and non-DPBA4 increased the risk of DPBA5 (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.3–4.7). The risks of developing DPBA4 and DPBA5 remained unchanged following SLS (p > 0.05). About 98.4% of sows underwent PBA fluctuations during their first five parities.

Conclusion: SLS does not appear to detrimentally affect PBA, APBA, and FI in subsequent parities. Therefore, SLS sows do not necessarily have future low reproductive performance or be culled. Future investigations should explore the mechanism of alternate decrease/increase patterns in PBA.

Keywords: piglets born alive, reproductive performance, second litter syndrome.
Investigation of the distribution and origin of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in the swine production chain: A retrospective study of three farms in Thailand
Authors: Jantafong Tippawan , Chaisilp Nattarun , Paungpin Weena , Tibkwang Thatsanee , Mutthi Pattama , Bouma Teerawin
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a global issue that affects Thai swine as well. In Thailand, PRRSV-2 predominates over PRRSV-1. The origin of PRRSV-1 transmission remains undiscovered. This study traced the source of infected pigs responsible for disease transmission among three pig-fattening farms and analyzed the spread of PRRSV-1.

Materials and Methods: A total of 696 swine samples from breeding and pig-fattening farms in Thailand were screened for PRRSV using open reading frames (ORF7) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive samples were identified as PRRSV-1 using ORF5 RT-PCR. The analysis included the study of nucleotide homology, GP5 amino acid sequences, and N-linked glycosylation patterns to assess the spread of PRRSV-1 across these farms.

Results: Genetic examination identified 28 PRRSV-1-positive samples, of which 13 were chosen as representatives. These strains were categorized into three groups based on breeding farm pig houses and showed distinct distribution patterns across pig-fattening farms. Group 1 included piglets transferred from pig house A to Nakhon Pathom, Chonburi, and Sa Kaeo. Groups 2 and 3 showed transfers from pig houses F and H to Chonburi and Sa Kaeo farms. All 13 PRRSV-1 strains were categorized into PRRSV-1 subtype 1/clade H. N-linked glycosylation analysis revealed that nearly all PRRSV-1 strains exhibited a conserved glycosylation pattern at amino acid positions N37, N46, and N53. This pattern is consistent with the glycosylation profile of the previous Thai PRRSV-1 subtype 1/clade H.

Conclusion: The present study highlights the persistent presence of PRRSV-1 in Thai swine, which leads to sporadic outbreaks. The molecular genetic analysis identified three primary strain groups dispersed throughout the pig production system, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring for new PRRSV strains in this herd. Understanding the PRRSV-1 distribution in swine farms is vital for veterinarians. This knowledge supports strategies for eradicating the virus and managing swine health effectively in Thailand.

Keywords: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1, swine production system, Thailand, virus distribution.
The Heartbeat of Equity: The Crucial Contributions of Nurses in Health Equity
Authors: Salahat Muna ,   Al-Yarmouk Governmental Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
Published: August 2024

Background: The pursuit of health equity has gained significant attention in recent years, with a focus on eliminating health disparities and addressing social determinants of health. Health equity is crucial in ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity to attain his/her full potential for well-being and health. Purpose: This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of health equity and healthcare disparities, specifically from the perspective of nursing. It also emphasizes the importance of nursing professionals in promoting health equity, addressing health disparities, and advocating for fair and equitable access to healthcare services. Methods: A scoping review was performed to determine applicable international reports and literature published in English. The search was conducted across various electronic databases, including Google Scholar, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Results: The findings revealed that achieving health equity involves addressing the root causes that hinder individuals from attaining optimal health. Social determinants of health play a significant role in shaping health outcomes, and addressing these factors is essential to achieve health equity. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for a community-oriented approach that involves collaboration with community and government sectors to improve social care resources and healthcare delivery. Conclusion: Nurses play multi-faceted roles in promoting health equity through technology, policy, education, research, philosophy and theory context, and disaster response. They have the opportunity to address health disparities and promote health, particularly in underserved communities. Implications for Nursing: Nurses need to be actively involved in advocating for policies and practices that address social determinants of health and promote equity in healthcare delivery. By recognizing the impacts of social, economic, and environmental factors on health outcomes, nurses can play a key role in addressing health disparities and promoting health equity. This involves collaboration with various stakeholders, advocating for resource allocation, and implementing communityoriented approaches to address health inequities Keywords: Health equity, Health disparities, Social determinants, Nursing research, Nursing theories, Nursing policy, Nursing education, Health technology, Disaster response, Jordan.
About one method of ultrasonic well drilling for soil sampling on celestial bodies
Authors: Abyzov A. A ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation, Dubrovskiy A. F. , Nekrasov S. G. , Perminov S. V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   Medpribor, JSC, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

The article discusses technical and theoretical issues in the development of an ultrasonic drill for drilling soil on celestial bodies. The specific use of the drill requires low energy consumption, an efficient operating cycle and a wide temperature range during operation. One of the promising areas of development is devices that have vibration decoupling from the ground due to the transformation of ultrasonic vibrations into repeated shocks of sound frequency through a specially introduced “free” body between the ultrasonic and impact parts of the device. This allows you to maintain the functionality of the device and carry out drilling regardless of the state of the impact bit, including even its temporary jamming. The main technical solutions of both domestic and foreign authors are considered, an analysis is made and design schemes, operating conditions, capabilities and limitations are evaluated. A number of theoretical works were also analyzed and it was found that the materials presented in them do not contain detailed mathematical models necessary for simulation modeling at the stage of design and optimization of the structure. The theoretical part of the article considers a lumped mathematical model obtained on the basis of equivalent parameters obtained from a distributed description of the drill design elements in numerical calculation systems. The equations of mathematical physics, classical mechanics, elements of impact theory and similarity theory were used. A parametric study was carried out and, in particular, the dependences of the oscillation frequency of a free body on the size of the impact gap, body mass and the amplitude of oscillations of the concentrator were obtained. The considered model can be used for simulation modeling when developing a drill design.
Review of modern methods for composite materials compacting
Authors: Kondakov S. V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation, Asfandiyarov M. A. , Levshin I. E. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

The article discusses various methods of compaction of composite materials: static, vibration, shock, as well as combined action. The designs of mechanisms for compaction are given: a vibrating press, a vibrating plate, a mechanism with a ramming bar, a continuous press for molding products from powdery masses with a connecting rod-rocker impact mechanism, a machine for compacting rigid concrete mixtures, and others. Their principle of operation is considered, advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The analysis of existing compacting methods allows synthesizing the accumulated knowledge in this field, combining them into a single system, finding shortcomings and ways to improve the applied compacting methods in order to increase the productivity of the process, reduce the required drive power of the mechanism, improve the operational characteristics of products. The works of Russian researchers are considered: E.A. Shishkin, A.A. Smolyakov, O.G. Klevtsova, V.I. Ivanchura, A.P. Prokopyev and others. The works of foreign researchers are also considered: Donghai Liu, Ning Wang, Erbo Song, Carl Wersall, K. Rainer Massarsch, Johan Spross and others. The research examines modern methods of compaction, including practical experiments aimed at identifying the most optimal parameters of equipment operation and refining the designs of existing mechanisms. The authors note that many processes related to compaction require additional experimental studies, and the existing methods of compaction are not effective enough and have disadvantages that cannot be eliminated without making significant changes. Thus, it is necessary to apply new methods that meet the requirements of modern technological processes.
A preliminary approach for blooming removal in polyurethane-coated fabrics
Authors: França de Sá Susana , Ferreira Joana , Carita Madalena , Correia Inês , van der Velde Eline , Verkens Kim
Published: August 2024

Coated fabrics with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are largely found in fashion and design collections in imitation leathers and glossy-look fabrics. Unfortunately, blooming is a common damage in aged TPU, appearing as white crystalline deposits at the surface. These deposits have been generally identified as adipic acid and mainly affect ester-based aromatic TPU. The white colour of adipic acid often leads to the complete unrecognition of the cultural item, highly decreasing its values. Strategies to remove blooming are still absent in the literature, resulting in a lack of action by conservators. The Glossy Surfaces project addressed this issue through preliminary research on cleaning strategies to remove adipic acid. Dry and wet methods were tested on two fabrics showing blooming and different surface cohesion. Non-confined and confined liquids in hydrogels were included and assessed by digital microscopy, colourimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The best results were achieved with agar-agar, but limitations were also recognized.
Portulaca grandiflora phytochemicals as a potential source for wound healing activity: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Al-Tamimi Hadeel kareem mus’hib , Abdul-jalil Thukaa Zuhair
Published: August 2024

The management of chronic wounds presents considerable challenges and has a substantial influence on the quality of life among afflicted persons and their families. The discovery of naturally produced bioactive chemicals having good effects on the regeneration of tissue has been driven by the need for safe, effective, and cost-effective wound healing therapies. Portulaca grandiflora is an annual succulent that comes under the family of Portulacaceae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals of n-hexane extracts and their effects on in vitro and in vivo wound healing models. In vitro study, Wound Scratch Assay shows that n-hexane extract of 100 ug/ml concentration significantly promotes wound healing through increased cell migration and wound closure compared to MEBO ointment-treated groups and negative control groups. The in vivo study shows that the formula of the extract ointment promotes wound healing without any complication and the percentage of wound surface area reduction was (5.39 ± 0.391) better than MEBO-treated groups (10.06 ± 0.536), and negative control groups (14.04 ± 0.304) through its ability to stimulate epidermal closure, re-epithelization, and granulation that appears in histological examination. As a result, Iraqi Portulaca grandiflora can be considered a potential resource of chemical substances, especially terpenoids, and steroids, which are helpful in healing wounds.
Gradings and graded linear maps on algebras
Authors: Ioppolo Antonio , Martino Fabrizio
Published: August 2024

Let A be a superalgebra over a field F of characteristic zero. We prove tight relations between graded automorphisms, pseudoautomorphisms, superautomorphisms and K-gradings on A, where K is the Klein group. Moreover, we investigate the consequences of such connections within the theory of polynomial identities. In the second part we focus on the superalgebra

U
⁢

T
n

⁢

(
F
)

{UT_{n}(F)}

of

n
×
n

{n\times n}

upper triangular matrices by completely classifying the graded-pseudo-super automorphism that one can define on it. Finally, we compute the ideals of identities of

U
⁢

T
n

⁢

(
F
)

{UT_{n}(F)}

endowed with a graded or a pseudo automorphism, for any n, and the ideals of identities with superautomorphism in the cases

n
=
2

{n=2}

and

n
=
3

{n=3}

.
Serum LDH and its isoenzymes (LDH2 and LDH5) associated with predictive value for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Lv Jun , Wan Yu , Jiang Fei , Fan Fei
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To contrast the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes between general mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) and refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) groups and to investigate their predictive value for RMPP in children.

Methods

A total of 160 children with GMPP and 100 children with RMPP were enrolled from August 2022 to April 2023 in our hospital. Serum LDH and its isoenzymes levels were assessed between the two groups. LDH and its isoenzymes were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for RMPP, and variables with significance were used to analyze their diagnostic values for RMPP. ROC curves were drawn, and the AUC was calculated, with sensitivity and specificity obtained.

Results

Children with RMPP displayed more blatant inflammatory responses as well as more alarming imaging findings compared to those with GMPP. The levels of serum LDH and its isoenzymes in children with RMPP were significantly higher than those in children with GMPP. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, LDH (OR=1.02, p<0.001), LDH2 (OR=1.05, p=0.010) and LDH5 (OR=1.04, p˂0.001) showed statistically significant differences. When the cut-off values were 372.5, 97.46, and 49.29 U/L respectively, the AUCs of LDH (sensitivity=0.80, specificity=0.89), LDH2 (sensitivity=0.83, specificity=0.71), and LDH5 (sensitivity=0.82, specificity=0.72) predicting RMPP were 0.91, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively. The AUC of [LDH + LDH5] (0.92) was the highest.

Conclusions

Serum LDH, LDH2, and LDH5 have good diagnostic values for RMPP and possess the potential to be biological markers in children with RMPP. And the predictive value is higher when used in combination.
Recent development of chitosan-based biomaterials for treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Jifa , Zhang Chunyu , Wang Yutong , Fan Tiantang
Published: August 2024

Osteomyelitis is a complex infectious disease caused by bacterial infection, which has always been a difficult problem for clinical orthopedic surgeons. Although the traditional methods are effective in treating osteomyelitis, the heavy use of antibiotics and surgical treatment cause serious side effects and lead to bone loss and healing difficulties after surgery. Chitosan (CS), a natural polymer material, is a deacetylated derivative of chitin, which has good biodegradability, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties, and has been widely used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. In this review, the recent research progress in the application of CS based composites such as micro-nano drug delivery carriers, hydrogels, coating materials, and bone tissue engineering scaffolds for the treatment of osteomyelitis is summarized, in order to provide certain experimental and theoretical support for the development of CS based composites.
Arte e técnica em Heidegger
Authors: De Oliveira Jelson Roberto
Published: August 2024

Resenha de livro da professora Irene Borges-Duarte, da Universidade de Évora, Portugal, com o título "Arte e técnica em Heidegger".
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAUSED BY RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Didukh Y. P. ,   M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Maruniak Ye. O. , Lisovskyi S. A. , Kuzemko A. A. , Chekhnii V. M. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the issue of environmental impact assessment, covering the historical retrospective, as well as current risks and threats caused by the war in Ukraine. The author analyzed studies that directly address the issue of the impact of military operations on the environment. Particular attention has been paid to the regulatory documents approved in Ukraine after 2022, in particular, the resolution of the Government of Ukraine regulating the cost assessment of damages, which identified several gaps in the environmental components. The authors identify seven types of impact by certain aspects, in particular: by the nature of the factors’ action; by time; by intensity; by territorial scale; by the form of territorial manifestation; by the nature of the consequences; by the possibility of returning to the previous state. A classification of military impacts (explosions, mining, movement of military equipment, etc.) and their potential consequences for various environmental components have also been proposed. The general methodology is also specified for individual components and adapted to assess ecosystem losses using the example of a habitat score.
RURAL SETTLEMENT NETWORK OF UKRAINE (THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES)
Authors: Rudenko L. H. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Bochkovska A. I. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, with the intensification of urbanization processes in many countries, there have been numerous notable changes in the size of the rural population, as well as in the number and structure of rural settlements. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess spatial changes in the settlement of the rural population of Ukraine from 1959 to 2021 based on the results of cartographic analysis. The sources of the study are census data for the relevant years (1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001) and subsequent statistical observations. Spatial changes in the regional size and density of the rural population, as well as its territorial dispersion, are traced. Between 1959 and 2001, when the last census was conducted in Ukraine, the number of rural settlements in Ukraine decreased by 13,600. For the first time, the publication highlights certain changes in the characteristics of the rural settlement network, which are new aspects in studying its development.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEMS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE LOCALISATION AREAS USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Azimov O. T. ,   State Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of IGS of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Tomchenko O. V. , Shevchuk O. V. ,   State Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of IGS of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2024

The Zdovbytsia municipal solid waste (MSW) dump (the Rivne region, Ukraine) as a case study allows demonstrating informativeness of identifying waste dump sites and the adjusted areas using the spectral characteristics and texture of earth’s covers obtained from the satellite images for the different years. To identify the MSW dump in the surveyed area, direct coding features were considered, which characterized the properties of the object and are directly represented in the images. These are such features as geometric (shape, shadow, size), brightness (phototone, brightness level, color, spectral image), structural (texture, structure) ones. In addition, satellite images reliably identified the presence of discharging from the dump area, their directions, areas of unloading, the damage to herbaceous cover and other vegetation, etc. The informativeness of the study of dynamics for dump geometrical parameters, the change of its internal “structure,” the functional changes in the surrounding ecosystem elements (first, the changes in the forest stands and agricultural lands) is demonstrated. In particular, satellite image data for the period of 2003 to 2021 allow identifying the increase in a number of the Zdovbytsia MSW dump sites at the expense of adjacent forest stands. Thus, in 2003 one site of the dump is operated, whereas in 2019—already three ones, that integrated in 2021. The study of dynamics for the change of the total area of dump has revealed the increase of this area by approximately 6.25 times (from 6 521 m2 in 2003 to 20 438 m2 in 2021). In addition, the total perimeter along the contours of its stages has enlarged more than 3.35 times (from 438 to 1 466 m, respectively). The use of satellite images of higher spatial resolution in the area of about 0.6 m/pixel will specify the cases of unsatisfactory condition of the dump.
ATLASES: REASONS FOR THEIR CREATION AND FIRST CONCEPTS
Authors: S. P. Krakovskyi ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: August 2024

Atlas cartography of the 21st century is losing its “flagship” status in cartography. Paper atlases have become less attractive in the age of information society. At the same time, electronic atlases either lose competition to other cartographic applications or dissolve among them without having their unique features. Searching for ideas and meanings for new EA concepts, we explored the first atlases’ history to understand their essence, reasons for creation, and success factors. The article, based on contemporary works by historians of cartography and cultural geographers, clarifies the answers to the following questions: 1) What is the origin of the word “atlas”? Who was the first to use this word to describe a “collection of maps”? 2) Which atlas should be considered the first, particularly the first in the modern sense? Who originated with the idea of the first atlas? 3) What was the atlas “Theatrum Orbis Terrarum” concept by A. Ortelius? 4) What was the concept of G. Mercator’s “Atlas sive Cosmographicæ Meditationes De Fabrica Mundi Et Fabricati Figura”?
Tax policy transformation in Georgia: Assessing the effectiveness of general state tax amendments on economic sustainability and business growth (2017-2021)
Authors: Lezhava Mamuka , Todua Nugzar , Chikviladze Mikheil , Shengelia Lolita
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the role of 2017-2021 general state tax amendments in terms of economic development and improvement of the business environment in Georgia. The following factors were used To evaluate the effectiveness of the tax burden: How the tax system is adjusted to the payer, whether it contributes to economic progress, and what the scope of taxes is. Tax policy experts were interviewed and asked to discuss tax policy reform objectives, options, and mechanisms. The interviews were semi-structured, supported by a briefing document and a topical guide, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The efficiency of implemented changes for the EU Association Agreement was also evaluated. Compared to Georgian tax policy, EU tax policy is more liberal. The research revealed opportunities, future perspectives, and the significance of tax reforms and their positive effect on businesses. Based on in-depth interview findings, a detailed analysis of the financial sector is offered.
Currency market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Benko Mykola , Kononova Oleksandra , Prokopova Olena , Kuzmenko Olena , Vlasenko Tetiana
Published: August 2024

The currency market is one of the main markets of the world's modern financial and economic systems. With respect to the availability of information, this market is the most data-rich and public. These two features allow it to be viewed as volatile. This study aims to assess the dependence of the currency market's volatility on the conditions and factors that formed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research used statistical and correlation analysis and general scientific methods.  Correlation analysis revealed an insignificant effect of the dollar index on the change in currency market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic (r = 0.09). The outcomes indicated the impact of the disease factor on currency trading at the 0.8% level (r2 = 0.0081). The research conclusions suggest that the effects of information on the currency market differed during 2015-2019 and deviated in response to various political and economic events. The study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath did not significantly influence the currency pairs' volatility. In the future, if crisis trends re-emerge, the findings of this study may influence the behavior of investors and participants in global trade. This could affect their investment decisions, currency reserve diversification, insurance strategies, and capital migration.
Economic growth and stock market development: Evidence from some selected countries
Authors: Dorjdagva Odbileg , Batchuluun Jamiyansharav , Damiran Suvdaa , Natsagdorj Bayantur
Published: August 2024

By sustaining the required capital and investment, the financial sector plays a critical role in achieving economic growth and stability. This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the relationships between stock market development and economic growth in 11 post-socialist countries and China. Unbalanced panel data from selected countries from 1995 to 2020 were used for this study. We wanted to disclose the cointegration of crucial variables in assessing Granger causalities using the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model. Our findings confirm the Neutrality Hypothesis (NLH) when we investigated the existence of an independent association between Economic Growth (EG) and the Composite Index of Stock Market Development (SMD). The study's recommendations emphasize the significance of changing economic policies to account for disparities in economic growth and stock market development to ensure sustainable development in the selected countries.
The intellectual structure of sustainable business development studies
Authors: Kharchuk Viktoriya , Oleksiv Ihor , Shulyar Roman , Shpak Nestor
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to examine the intellectual structure of sustainable business development studies and to gain an in-depth perspective on its future development. To achieve the research objectives, we applied methods of bibliometric analysis (WoS tools, co-citation analysis, co-word analysis, and bibliographic coupling) to the dataset extracted from the Web of Science. The main research domains of the researched field were distinguished based on the cluster interpretation. Specifically, both co-word analysis and bibliographic coupling demonstrated the overlap between the two research domains: "Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship" and "Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Theory," while the "Sustainable Development: Theoretical Foundations of the Research" cluster obtained via bibliographic coupling partially converged with the "Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship" cluster received from the co-word analysis. However, the clusters "Company Performance and Innovations" extracted from co-word analysis and "Competitive Analysis and Sustainable Development" obtained from bibliographic coupling did not coincide. Furthermore, we concluded that over the last 40 years, sustainable business development studies have gone through the process of structuring induced by global changes in business and the economy.
Investigation of consumer cross-border e-commerce shopping in China using the theory of EAM
Authors: Wang Fengyun , Wei Mingxia , Hafiz Khalilah Abd , Wang Shengjun , Huang Lin , Sun Bo
Published: August 2024

Given that China's cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) industry has garnered significant attention from various overseas suppliers, this study aims to explore the CBEC shopping patterns of domestic Chinese consumers. The objective of the study is to integrate the theory of the e-commerce acceptance model (EAM) and multi-target trust to forecast the cross-border e-commerce shopping (CBECS) behavior of domestic Chinese consumers. PLS-based structural equation modeling analysis indicates that the CBECS intention is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk. With regard to multi-target trust, seller trust impacts perceived risk and ease of use, whereas logistics trust influences perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Platform trust influences both seller trust and logistics trust. These results contribute to the advancement of CBEC literature and practices.
Opportunities and challenges for using artificial intelligence in academic continuity: Case of Georgia
Authors: Noniashvili Maia , Matchavariani Lela
Published: August 2024

This article examined how higher education institutions in the Republic of Georgia responded to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the context of the digital revolution and centering upon the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), it aimed to discern how these institutions sustained the continuity of the learning process and implemented innovative measures. Based on the research findings, the solutions proposed in this article present AI tools for personalized learning, adaptive assessment, and intelligent tutoring. As institutions navigated the post-pandemic era, the integration of AI into education proved viable. This research provided tangible insights into the digital revolution affecting education and informing strategic decision-making in Georgia's evolving higher education landscape. Recognizing the difficulties caused by the pandemic and the inherent challenges associated with strategic decision-making, a qualitative research approach was used to gain nuanced insights. It relied on in-depth interviews, recognizing the spontaneous and time-sensitive nature of strategic decisions made by universities during the pandemic, often precluding extensive pre-planning. The authors provided critical findings in terms of the pros and cons of distance learning and proposed AI solutions for each challenge that Universities faced during and after this significant disruption, giving real successful examples.
Energy efficiency in smart schools using renewable energy strategy
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Tahir ,   Department of Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Amiri Ali Ahmad ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Published: August 2024

As smart schools increasingly rely on technology, achieving energy efficiency becomes crucial for cost reduction and sustainability. This study investigates energy efficiency strategies in smart schools, focusing on the integration of renewable energy technologies. A quantitative approach using numerical simulations and literature reviews establishes benchmarks for energy-efficient smart schools. The Design Builder software is employed to evaluate system performance, with validation achieved through analysis in the System Advisor Model software. The modeled smart school building in Design Builder consumes 75,385.63 kWh annually, based on the weather conditions of specific location. Further studies indicate that integrating photovoltaics and hot water collectors can generate approximately 86,635 kWh annually. This not only offsets the energy consumption of building but also produces an excess of 11,249 kWh, which can be transferred back to the grid for additional revenue. Validation using SAM software demonstrated a minimal difference (3.2%) in annual energy outputs, confirming the accuracy of the model. The findings suggest that photovoltaics and hot water collectors can significantly contribute to achieving net-zero energy consumption in smart school buildings. Additionally, a focus on rooftop installations promotes sustainability by minimizing land use.
Investigation of daylight availability in university dining halls: A case study at the University of Jordan
Authors:   Department of Design and Visual Communication, College of Art and Design, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Mayah Eman
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the availability of daylight inside a university’s dining halls over two days (one sunny and one cloudy) using light meters in real-life sittings. Quantitative monitoring was conducted for horizontal and vertical illuminance levels (HILs and VILs) derived from daylight inside of the dining halls and outside under an unobstructed sky, along with monitoring of the illuminance levels of the artificial light inside. The results are discussed in relation to the minimum recommended HIL value in dining halls of educational buildings (150 lux) set by the Jordanian National Construction Constitution’s lighting code. Further, a questionnaire was conducted with 239 students and employees to evaluate daylight and artificial light from the user’s perspective of the dining halls. HIL, as a dependent variable, was found to vary between the two examined halls, which had different façade fenestrations and hall characteristics. The analysis found that, within the halls, only the area within a 2-metre distance from the north- and west-oriented windows complied with the recommended value, except at breakfast time on a cloudy day. The middle and deepest areas of both halls were significantly lacking in daylight on both cloudy and sunny days. The subjective mean evaluation corresponds with the daylight VILs but contradicts the artificial illuminance levels. As such, subjective needs and preferences may not correspond with objective measurements. This study opens a new path of daylighting research for a largely neglected space: foodservice halls in educational buildings.
Effect of Sagittal Root Position, Angle, and Bone Thickness on Peri-implant Tissue Phenotype and Bone Level in Socket Shield Technique: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Gurbuz Ezgi , Ceylan Ezgi , Ersoz Mehmet Meric , Keceli Huseyin Gencay
Published: August 2024

There were only a few studies investigating the effect of sagittal root position (SRP), sagittal root angle (SRA), and buccal bone thickness (BBT) on peri-implant tissues using the socket shield technique (SST). This retrospective case series aimed to evaluate the SRP, SRA, and BBT in socket shield cases and examine the effect of these anatomical factors on the peri-implant tissue phenotype and bone level. Data from 27 patients (14 women, 13 men) treated with SST in the maxillary esthetic region between July 2019 and September 2021 were included. Clinical indices (modified plaque and bleeding indices, probing depth, keratinized mucosa width, mucosal thickness) and periapical radiographic recordings (marginal bone level) taken immediately after permanent prosthesis placement and 1 year later were used. Cone beam computerized tomography images were used to examine BBT, SRP, and SRA before implant placement and horizontal and vertical bone levels before implant placement and 1 year after prosthetic rehabilitation. The data were divided into groups based on BBT (<1 and ≥1 mm) and SRA values (<10° and ≥10°). There were no significant differences in 1-year clinical factors between the SRA <10° and SRA ≥10° groups. However, higher vertical bone loss was found in the SRA ≥10° group (P = .01, d = 0.53). There were no significant differences in clinical or radiographic factors between the BBT <1 mm and BBT ≥1 mm groups. In conclusion, BBT showed no significant effect on tissue phenotype and bone level, but SRA affected bone level in socket shield cases.
A Modified Technique for Simplifying Full-Arch Screw-Retained Implant Rehabilitation With Rapid Digital Conversion: A Case Report
Authors: Salloum Rami , Minichetti Cara L. , Minichetti John C.
Published: August 2024

In this case report, a new modified technique is described for an efficient, simple, and effective digital approach to immediate provisionalization of the implant-supported full-arch prosthesis. Today’s patient population is increasingly educated about treatment options and expects efficient, esthetic, and comfortable results. This novel technique delivers on these aims while eliminating the many challenges posed by previously described digital and analog techniques to the immediate provisionalization of the implant-supported full-arch prosthesis. This technique requires minimal chair time and cost to the provider and reduces patient discomfort and complication risk. This technique therefore presents a promising new protocol for this popular procedure.