bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD-Based Study on the Airflow Field in the Crushing Chamber of 9FF Square Bale Corn Stalk Pulverizer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Tian Xiang , Zhao Chao , Yu Xiuzhen , An Shiguan , Guo Rui , Feng Bin
Published: January 2024

During the steady operation of the 9FF square bale corn stalk pulverizer, the rapidly rotating spindle drives the hammers and impellers to form a complicated airflow field environment in the crushing chamber. The flow field characteristics in the crushing chamber can affect the motion law of stalks, thus influencing the pulverizing effect of the hammer blades on stalks and the ejection of materials. Based on establishing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculation model of the crushing chamber in the 9FF square bale corn stalk pulverizer, in this paper, the effect of three groups of components, such as the hammer rack and blades, hammer rack and blades and the sieve, as well and the sieve and the impeller, on the distribution characteristics of airflow field in the crushing chamber. The simulation results show that the hammer piece group, screen, and impeller in the crushing room can effectively improve the crushing quality of materials, with the crushing efficiency and conveying efficiency at the highest speed of 3000 r/min.
Fine Mapping and Functional Verification of the Brdt1 Gene Controlling Determinate Inflorescence in Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Chen Cuiping , Zhu Xuebing , Zhao Zhi , Du Dezhi , Li Kaixiang
Published: January 2024

Brassica rapa, a major oilseed crop in high-altitude areas, is well known for its indeterminate inflorescences. However, this experiment revealed an intriguing anomaly within the plot: a variant displaying a determinate growth habit (520). Determinate inflorescences have been recognized for their role in the genetic enhancement of crops. In this study, a genetic analysis in a determinate genotype (520) and an indeterminate genotype (515) revealed that two independently inherited recessive genes (Brdt1 and Brdt2) are responsible for the determinate trait. BSA-seq and SSR markers were employed to successfully locate the Brdt1 gene, which is localized within an approximate region 72.7 kb between 15,712.9 kb and 15,785.6 kb on A10. A BLAST analysis of these candidate intervals revealed that Bra009508 (BraA10.TFL1) shares homology with the A. thaliana TFL1 gene. Then, BraA10.TFL1 (gene from the indeterminate phenotype) and BraA10.tfl1 (gene from the determinate phenotype) were cloned and sequenced, and the results indicated that the open reading frame of the alleles comprises 537 bp. Using qRT-PCR, it was determined that BraA10.TFL1 expression levels in shoot apexes were significantly higher in NIL-520 compared to 520. To verify the function of BraA10.TFL1, the gene was introduced into the determinate A. thaliana tfl1 mutant, resulting in the restoration of indeterminate traits. These findings demonstrate that BraA10.tfl1 is a gene that controls the determinate inflorescence trait. Overall, the results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the further investigation of determinate inflorescence.
Multifunctional Evaluation and Analysis of Synergistic Relationships: A Cognitive Framework for the Sustainable Use of Cropland in China
Authors: Zou Runyan , Peng Yuanyuan , Yang Hao , Hu Yueming , Liu Luo , Mao Xiaoyun
Published: January 2024

Cropland is a comprehensive system influenced by the natural environment and human activities. This article collects the data of cropland use, soil, and other geographic, social and economic factors in the study area and then uses the methods of system analysis, induction and deduction to propose a new research perspective for establishing a cognitive framework and analyzing cropland resources and their functions. The framework is used to assess the rapidly urbanizing region of Guangzhou and investigate the production, ecological, and living functions provided by cropland resources. Synergistic relationships between functions are analyzed using the hot and cold spot methods. The results indicate that the production function of cropland resources in Guangzhou is good, the ecological function is favorable, and the living function is relatively low. A synergistic relationship between the three functions is observed in 91% of areas of Guangzhou, whereas a balanced relationship occurs in some areas of the southern part of Zengcheng, the northwestern and northeastern parts of Conghua, and the western part of Nansha. This research provides guidance for managing cropland resources and ensuring their sustainable utilization.
Yeast Warriors: Exploring the Potential of Yeasts for Sustainable Citrus Post-Harvest Disease Management
Authors: Ezzouggari Rachid , Bahhou Jamila , Taoussi Mohammed , Seddiqi Kallali Najwa , Aberkani Kamal , Barka Essaid Ait , Lahlali Rachid
Published: January 2024

Citrus fruits stand as pivotal and extensively cultivated fruit crops on a global scale, boasting substantial economic and nutritional significance. Despite their paramount importance, citrus growers and the industry face a formidable obstacle in the form of post-harvest losses caused by plant pathogens. Effectively addressing this challenge has become imperative. The predominant approach to tackle these pathogens has traditionally involved the use of chemical fungicides. However, the escalating environmental concerns associated with chemical interventions, coupled with a growing consumer preference for pesticide-free produce, have catalyzed an earnest quest for alternative methods of disease control in the citrus industry. The antagonistic yeasts hold great promise as biocontrol agents for mitigating post-harvest fungal diseases in citrus. In this regard, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the study of yeast strains with biocontrol potential. Thus, the various modes of action employed by these yeasts and their effectiveness against prominent citrus pathogens such as Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum and Geotrichum citri were discussed. Additionally, the review delved into the challenges associated with the practical implementation of yeast-based biocontrol strategies in citrus post-harvest management and investigated the potential of yeast-based approaches to enhance the safety and quality of citrus produce, while reducing the reliance on chemical fungicides and contributing to the sustainable and environmentally responsible future of the citrus industry.
Green Development of Natural Fibre-Based Paper Mulch from Recyclable Cow Dung and Flax Straw Waste
Authors: Cao Xiaoqing , Li Lu , Zhang Fengwei , Zhang Fangyuan , Song Xuefeng , Zhao Wuyun , Dai Fei
Published: January 2024

Livestock dung, discarded crop straws, and residual plastic film are the primary agricultural non-point sources of pollution. For livestock dung and discarded crop straw, the general treatment focuses on compost, animal fodder, industrial raw material, and new energy. The development of degradable mulch film is the main way to solve pollution from residual plastic film. However, an effective way to solve the above three types of pollution simultaneously and use them for ecological circular agriculture has been less studied. In this study, using cow dung and flax straw wastes as raw materials, we prepared natural, fibre-based paper mulch using the rapid-Kothen method and analysed the film-forming mechanism. Based on the Van Soest method, the cow dung and flax straw waste contain abundant cellulose fibres: 36.75% and 54.69%, respectively. The tensile strength and tear strength of fibre paper mulch are 1.87 kN/m and 19.91 N/mm, respectively. To enhance the adaptability of the fibre paper mulch in humid environments, the surface of the mulch was treated with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The AKD-coated fibre paper mulch displays hydrophobic properties, indicated by a contact angle of 128° ± 2°. It has a wet tensile strength of 0.64 kN/m and a wet tear strength of 8.23 N/mm. Additionally, it exhibits a dry tensile strength and a tear strength of 2.13 kN/m and 16.43 N/mm, respectively. Notably, the dry tensile strength is increased by 16.31%. In this way, the livestock dung and discarded crop straw can be reused, reducing dung pollution and straw burning in livestock farms, and the final products can alleviate the residual film pollution simultaneously.
The Identification of Significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Shoot Sulfur Accumulation and Sulfur Concentration Using a Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Wild Soybean Seedlings
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Yu’e , Chen Yudan , Ren Kaili , Chen Jialuo , Kan Guizhen , Yu Deyue
Published: January 2024

To understand the genetic basis of soybean sulfur utilization, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis were used to discover new sulfur utilization genes in 121 wild soybeans. The shoot sulfur accumulation (SA) and shoot sulfur concentration (SC) of 121 wild soybean seedlings growing in a Hoagland nutrient solution for 14 days were evaluated in a greenhouse. The maximum coefficients of variation of SA and SC were 66.79% and 49.74%, respectively. An analysis of variance revealed that SA and SC had significant differences among materials. Compared with SC, SA had higher heritability (68%) and was significantly positively correlated with multiple agronomic traits. According to the GWAS, 33 and 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with SA and SC, respectively. Six quantitative trait loci containing ten SNPs associated with SA were mapped in two or three environments on chromosome 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 19. Twenty-seven candidate genes were identified in the six stable loci by searching the low-sulfur-induction soybean transcriptome. A genetic diversity analysis of the ribosomal gene GsRPL35, a candidate gene on chromosome 15, revealed 10 haplotypes (Hap1-10) based on 7 SNPs in 99 wild soybeans. Wild soybeans carrying Hap2 had a higher SA than those carrying Hap6. In general, the results provide novel sulfur accumulation loci and candidate genes for sulfur utilization improvements in soybean in the future.
Effects of Drought Stress and Postdrought Rewatering on Winter Wheat: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Huizhen , Yang Zaiqiang
Published: January 2024

Drought is a major stress that restricts the growth and development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and recovery after drought is the key to coping with adversity. So, we used a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the responses of winter wheat to drought stress and rewatering and investigated the differences caused by several moderators (e.g., stress intensity, treatment durations, growth stages, planting methods, and experimental areas). The results show that drought can cause many negative effects on winter wheat. However, in most cases, rewatering can offset these adverse effects. Winter wheat under short-term or mild stress was less affected, and rewatering can restore it to the control level. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (gs) are sensitive to environmental water change. Drought reduced the quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), with insignificant effects on the efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). Additionally, the responses to drought and rewatering also varied with different growth stages. The regreening stage and the anthesis-filling stage are both critical water management periods. Rewatering after the jointing stage had no significant effect on leaf area (LA) and plant height (PH). The drought tolerance and recovery ability of field-grown wheat were better than those of pot-grown wheat. Winter wheat planted on the Loess Plateau was less affected than that on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the Middle–Lower Yangtze Plain. Overall, different moderators may lead to different degrees of responsiveness of wheat to drought stress and postdrought rewatering. This study provides a reference for winter wheat to cope with drought stress and a useful guidance to wheat breeding programs.
Application of Precision Technologies to Characterize Animal Behavior: A Review
Authors: Hlimi Abdellah , El Otmani Samira , Elame Fouad , Chentouf Mouad , El Halimi Rachid , Chebli Youssef
Published: January 2024

This study aims to evaluate the state of precision livestock farming (PLF)’s spread, utilization, effectiveness, and evolution over the years. PLF includes a plethora of tools, which can aid in a number of laborious and complex tasks. These tools are often used in the monitoring of different animals, with the objective to increase production and improve animal welfare. The most frequently monitored attributes tend to be behavior, welfare, and social interaction. This study focused on the application of three types of technology: wearable sensors, video observation, and smartphones. For the wearable devices, the focus was on accelerometers and global positioning systems. For the video observation, the study addressed drones and cameras. The animals monitored by these tools were the most common ruminants, which are cattle, sheep, and goats. This review involved 108 articles that were believed to be pertinent. Most of the studied papers were very accurate, for most tools, when utilized appropriate; some showed great benefits and potential.
A Review of Cervidae Visual Ecology
Authors: Newman Blaise A. , D’Angelo Gino J.
Published: January 2024

This review examines the visual systems of cervids in relation to their ability to meet their ecological needs and how their visual systems are specialized for particular tasks. Cervidae encompasses a diverse group of mammals that serve as important ecological drivers within their ecosystems. Despite evidence of highly specialized visual systems, a large portion of cervid research ignores or fails to consider the realities of cervid vision as it relates to their ecology. Failure to account for an animal’s visual ecology during research can lead to unintentional biases and uninformed conclusions regarding the decision making and behaviors for a species or population. Our review addresses core behaviors and their interrelationship with cervid visual characteristics. Historically, the study of cervid visual characteristics has been restricted to specific areas of inquiry such as color vision and contains limited integration into broader ecological and behavioral research. The purpose of our review is to bridge these gaps by offering a comprehensive review of cervid visual ecology that emphasizes the interplay between the visual adaptations of cervids and their interactions with habitats and other species. Ultimately, a better understanding of cervid visual ecology allows researchers to gain deeper insights into their behavior and ecology, providing critical information for conservation and management efforts.
C6 Ceramide Inhibits Canine Mammary Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting EGR3 through JAK1/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Liu Jiayue , Zhao Fangying , Zhang Yan , Lin Zhaoyan , Chen Ji-Long , Diao Hongxiu
Published: January 2024

Cancer is the leading cause of death in both humans and companion animals. Canine mammary tumor is an important disease with a high incidence and metastasis rate, and its poor prognosis remains a serious clinical challenge. C6 ceramide is a short-chain sphingolipid metabolite with powerful potential as a tumor suppressor. However, the specific impact of C6 ceramide on canine mammary cancer remains unclear. However, the effects of C6 ceramide in canine mammary cancer are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of C6 ceramide in the progress of canine mammary cancer and explored its potential mechanism. C6 ceramide inhibited cell growth by regulating the cell cycle without involving apoptosis. Additionally, C6 ceramide inhibited the migration and invasion of CHMp cells. In vivo, C6 ceramide decreased tumor growth and metastasis in the lungs without side effects. Further investigation found that the knockdown of EGR3 expression led to a noticeable increase in proliferation and migration by upregulating the expressions of pJAK1 and pSTAT3, thus activating the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, C6 ceramide inhibits canine mammary cancer growth and metastasis by targeting EGR3 through the regulation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study implicates the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of C6 ceramide and demonstrates the potential of EGR3 as a novel target for treating canine mammary cancer.
Exploring the Rumen Microbiota and Serum Metabolite Profile of Hainan Black Goats with Different Body Weights before Weaning
Authors: Zheng Gang , Wang Dongxing , Mao Kai , Wang Musen , Wang Jian , Xun Wenjuan , Huang Shuai
Published: January 2024

The critical role of the rumen microbiota in the growth performance of livestock is recognized, yet its significance in determining the body weight of goat kids before weaning remains less understood. To bridge this gap, our study delved into the rumen microbiota, serum metabolome, rumen fermentation, and rumen development in goat kids with contrasting body weights before weaning. We selected 10 goat kids from a cohort of 100, categorized into low body weight (LBW, 5.56 ± 0.98 kg) and high body weight (HBW, 9.51 ± 1.01 kg) groups. The study involved sampling rumen contents, tissues, and serum from these animals. Our findings showed that the HBW goat kids showed significant enrichment of VFA-producing bacteria, particularly microbiota taxa within the Prevotellaceae genera (UCG-001, UCG-003, and UCG-004) and the Prevotella genus. This enrichment correlated with elevated acetate and butyrate levels, positively influencing rumen papillae development. Additionally, it was associated with elevated serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The serum metabonomic analysis revealed marked differences in fatty acid metabolism between the LBW and HBW groups, particularly in encompassing oleic acid and both long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further correlational analysis underscored a significant positive association between Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and specific lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:5/18:3) and PC (20:3/20:1) (r > 0.60, p < 0.05). In summary, this study underscores the pivotal role of the rumen microbiota in goat kids’ weight and its correlation with specific serum metabolites. These insights could pave the way for innovative strategies aimed at improving animal body weight through targeted modulation of the rumen microbiota.
Effects of Heat Stress on Breast Muscle Metabolomics and Lipid Metabolism Related Genes in Growing Broilers
Authors: Li Xiumei , Zhao Xin , Yu Miao , Zhang Minhong , Feng Jinghai
Published: January 2024

With global warming and worsening climatic conditions, heat stress (HS) has become a significant challenge affecting the development of poultry production. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of HS on breast muscle metabolomics and lipid metabolism-related genes in growing broilers. One hundred twenty 29-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into normal temperature (NT; 21 ± 1 °C) and heat stress (HS; 31 ± 1 °C) groups, with six replicates (ten birds in each replicate) in each group, raised for 14 days in two environment chambers at 60 ± 7% relative humidity. Compared with the broilers in the NT group, the average daily food intake, average daily gain and breast muscle yield in the HS group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the HS group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of serum corticosterone, free fatty acids and cholesterol and the percentage of abdominal fat of broilers in the HS group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values of the broilers in the NT group. Untargeted breast muscle metabolome analysis revealed 14 upregulated differential metabolites, including glycerophosphocholine, and 27 downregulated differential metabolites, including taurine, in the HS group compared to the NT group; the HS group also displayed significant effects on six metabolic pathways compared to the NT group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in the liver and breast muscles were significantly decreased in the HS group compared with the NT group (p < 0.05). The collective findings reveal that HS can cause disorders in breast muscle lipid metabolism in broilers. The PPARα gene might be the key gene in the mechanism of the lipid metabolism that is induced by HS in breast muscle of broilers. These findings provide novel insights into the effects of HS on chicken growth.
The Hippocampus in Pigeons Contributes to the Model-Based Valuation and the Relationship between Temporal Context States
Authors: Yang Lifang , Jin Fuli , Yang Long , Li Jiajia , Li Zhihui , Li Mengmeng , Shang Zhigang
Published: January 2024

Model-based decision-making guides organism behavior by the representation of the relationships between different states. Previous studies have shown that the mammalian hippocampus (Hp) plays a key role in learning the structure of relationships among experiences. However, the hippocampal neural mechanisms of birds for model-based learning have rarely been reported. Here, we trained six pigeons to perform a two-step task and explore whether their Hp contributes to model-based learning. Behavioral performance and hippocampal multi-channel local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded during the task. We estimated the subjective values using a reinforcement learning model dynamically fitted to the pigeon’s choice of behavior. The results show that the model-based learner can capture the behavioral choices of pigeons well throughout the learning process. Neural analysis indicated that high-frequency (12–100 Hz) power in Hp represented the temporal context states. Moreover, dynamic correlation and decoding results provided further support for the high-frequency dependence of model-based valuations. In addition, we observed a significant increase in hippocampal neural similarity at the low-frequency band (1–12 Hz) for common temporal context states after learning. Overall, our findings suggest that pigeons use model-based inferences to learn multi-step tasks, and multiple LFP frequency bands collaboratively contribute to model-based learning. Specifically, the high-frequency (12–100 Hz) oscillations represent model-based valuations, while the low-frequency (1–12 Hz) neural similarity is influenced by the relationship between temporal context states. These results contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying model-based learning and broaden the scope of hippocampal contributions to avian behavior.
Advances in Methane Emission Estimation in Livestock: A Review of Data Collection Methods, Model Development and the Role of AI Technologies
Authors: Ghassemi Nejad Jalil , Ju Mun-Su , Jo Jang-Hoon , Oh Kyung-Hwan , Lee Yoon-Seok , Lee Sung-Dae , Kim Eun-Joong , Roh Sanggun , Lee Hong-Gu
Published: January 2024

This review examines the significant role of methane emissions in the livestock industry, with a focus on cattle and their substantial impact on climate change. It highlights the importance of accurate measurement and management techniques for methane, a potent greenhouse gas accounting for 14–16% of global emissions. The study evaluates both conventional and AI-driven methods for detecting methane emissions from livestock, particularly emphasizing cattle contributions, and the need for region-specific formulas. Sections cover livestock methane emissions, the potential of AI technology, data collection issues, methane’s significance in carbon credit schemes, and current research and innovation. The review emphasizes the critical role of accurate measurement and estimation methods for effective climate change mitigation and reducing methane emissions from livestock operations. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of methane emissions in the livestock industry by synthesizing existing research and literature, aiming to improve knowledge and methods for mitigating climate change. Livestock-generated methane, especially from cattle, is highlighted as a crucial factor in climate change, and the review underscores the importance of integrating precise measurement and estimation techniques for effective mitigation.
Study of Canine Distemper Virus Presence in Catalonia’s Wild Carnivores through H Gene Amplification and Sequencing
Authors: Huang Junhao , Cortey Martí , Darwich Laila , Griffin Jenna , Obón Elena , Molina Rafael , Martín Margarita
Published: January 2024

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is recognised worldwide as an important pathogen in both domestic and wild carnivores. Few data are available on its impact and spread on the wildlife/wildlife–domestic animal–environment interface. This study, aimed at developing a conservation-oriented control strategy, analysed 89 sick or deceased animals from 2019 to 2023 at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Torreferrussa. RT-PCR and sequencing of the partial H gene were used to detect and analyse CDV in tissues. The total positive percentage was 20.22% (18/89), comprising 13 red foxes (44.8%), 4 European badgers (28.6%), and 1 American mink (4.5%), while 24 Eurasian otters tested negative. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all of the CDV strains belong to the European lineage. Geographically distant individuals and different species shared the same viral strain, suggesting a strong capacity of CDV for interspecies and long-distance transmission. This calls for further research, particularly focusing on potential impacts of CDV on endangered carnivores.
Phase–Amplitude Coupling between Theta Rhythm and High-Frequency Oscillations in the Hippocampus of Pigeons during Navigation
Authors: Yang Long , Chen Xi , Yang Lifang , Li Mengmeng , Shang Zhigang
Published: January 2024

Navigation is a complex task in which the hippocampus (Hp), which plays an important role, may be involved in interactions between different frequency bands. However, little is known whether this cross-frequency interaction exists in the Hp of birds during navigation. Therefore, we examined the electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal cross-frequency interactions of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) during navigation. Two goal-directed navigation tasks with different locomotor modes were designed, and the local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded for analysis. We found that the amplitudes of high-frequency oscillations in Hp were dynamically modulated by the phase of co-occurring theta-band oscillations both during ground-based maze and outdoor flight navigation. The high-frequency amplitude sub-frequency bands modulated by the hippocampal theta phase were different at different tasks, and this process was independent of the navigation path and goal. These results suggest that phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) in the avian Hp may be more associated with the ongoing cognitive demands of navigational processes. Our findings contribute to the understanding of potential mechanisms of hippocampal PAC on multi-frequency informational interactions in avian navigation and provide valuable insights into cross-species evolution.
The Link between the Nature of the Human–Companion Animal Relationship and Well-Being Outcomes in Companion Animal Owners
Authors: Ellis Annalyse , Stanton Sarah C. E. , Hawkins Roxanne D. , Loughnan Steve
Published: January 2024

Research into the impact of companion animals on well-being has been both extensive and inconclusive, with studies finding both positive and negative relationships. The present research explored three previously unexamined relationship science concepts that may help clarify whether companion animals provide well-being benefits: self-expansion (the process of adding positive content to the self through incorporating new resources and perspectives into one’s identity or engaging in novel, exciting activities), perceived pet responsiveness, and perceived pet insensitivity; as well as attachment. We focused on dog and cat owners’ depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and loneliness through an online survey with a large sample population (N = 1359). We found that perceived pet insensitivity is a significant positive predictor of depression, anxiety, negative affect, and loneliness; that attachment is a significant positive predictor of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, and a significant negative predictor of positive affect; and that self-expansion is a significant positive predictor of positive affect, and a significant negative predictor of loneliness. Loneliness emerged as a mediator in the relationship between perceived pet insensitivity, attachment, self-expansion, and all mental well-being outcome variables. These findings indicate that perceived pet insensitivity, attachment, and self-expansion may play an important yet neglected role in well-being outcomes.
Melatonin Administration Enhances Testicular Volume, Testicular Blood Flow, Semen Parameters and Antioxidant Status during the Non-Breeding Season in Bafra Rams
Authors: Akar Melih , Çevik Mesut , Kocaman Adem , Kaya Cumali , Esin Burcu , Björkman Stefan
Published: January 2024

Our objectives were to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on testicular volume (TV), testicular blood flow (TBF), and semen quality in Bafra rams during the non-breeding season. One group of rams (MEL, n = 5) received a 36 mg melatonin implant twice, with 30 days in between, while the other group (CON, n = 5) served as the control. TBF, TV, and semen quality parameters were determined at three-week intervals starting three weeks before until twelve weeks after the first melatonin implant. Testicular blood flow was determined in the supratesticular (STA) and marginal testicular artery (MA) using color Doppler ultrasound. Semen was collected and evaluated, and the total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidative status (TAS) was determined using an ELISA. The MEL group had increased (p < 0.05) TV between the sixth and twelfth week after the start of treatment. Overall, the MEL group had lower resistance and pulsatility indexes (p < 0.05) between the third and ninth week, although there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups in most semen quality parameters. However, TAS concentrations increased (p < 0.05) in the MEL group compared with the CON. The results of this study show that exogenous melatonin in the non-breeding season significantly increased both TBF and TV in Bafra rams. Therefore, giving rams implants with 36 mg melatonin twice at least one month prior to the non-breeding season is expected to improve testicular size and function and reproductive capacity.
Enhancing the Antioxidant Potential of Weissella confusa PP29 Probiotic Media through Incorporation of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Anthocyanin Extract
Authors: Simionescu Natalia , Petrovici Anca-Roxana
Published: January 2024

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce important metabolites during fermentation processes, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), which represent powerful natural antioxidants. On the other hand, H. sabdariffa L. anthocyanin extracts protect LAB and support their development. This study uncovers for the first time, the antioxidant profile of Weissella confusa PP29 probiotic media and focuses on elevating its impressive antioxidant attributes by synergistically integrating H. sabdariffa L. anthocyanin extract. The multifaceted potential of this innovative approach is explored and the results are remarkable, allowing us to understand the protective capacity of the fermented product on the intestinal mucosa. The total phenolic content was much lower at the end of the fermentation process compared to the initial amount, confirming their LAB processing. The DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP of the fermented products were higher compared to ascorbic acid and antioxidant extracts, while superoxide anion radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The antioxidant properties of the fermented products were correlated with the initial inoculum and anthocyanin concentrations. All these properties were preserved for 6 months, demonstrating the promising efficacy of this enriched medium, underlining its potential as a complex functional food with enhanced health benefits.
The Antioxidant Mechanism of Peptides Extracted from Tuna Protein Revealed Using a Molecular Docking Simulation
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Cheng , Wen Zhengshun , Zheng Bin
Published: January 2024

Tuna protein serves as a significant source of bioactive peptides, and its functional properties can be elucidated through predictive modeling, followed by experimental validation. In this study, the active polypeptides were obtained from tuna protein via enzymatic hydrolysis (TPP), and their peptide sequences were determined. Furthermore, the potential activity of these peptides was predicted, focusing on antioxidant peptides, and compared to the sequence library of known antioxidant peptides to identify common structural motifs. The accuracy of the prediction results was confirmed through in vitro antioxidant assays and molecular docking studies. We identified seven specific peptide segments derived from tuna protein that exhibit antioxidant potential, accounting for approximately 15% of all active peptides. Molecular docking and cell experiments were employed to provide compelling evidence for the presence of antioxidant peptides within tuna protein. This study not only lays a solid foundation for studying the structure of active peptides but also opens up a novel avenue for an expedited assessment of their properties.
Revitalizing Photoaging Skin through Eugenol in UVB-Exposed Hairless Mice: Mechanistic Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics
Authors: Tong Tao , Geng Ruixuan , Kang Seong-Gook , Li Xiaomin , Huang Kunlun
Published: January 2024

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes photoaging, which is primarily responsible for skin damage. Nutritional intervention is a viable strategy for preventing and treating skin photoaging. Eugenol (EU) presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, promotes wound healing, and provides contact dermatitis relief. This study explored the ability of EU to mitigate skin photoaging caused by UVB exposure in vitro and in vivo. EU alleviated UVB-induced skin photodamage in skin cells, including oxidative stress damage and extracellular matrix (ECM) decline. Dietary EU alleviated skin photoaging by promoting skin barrier repair, facilitating skin tissue regeneration, and modulating the skin microenvironment in photoaged mice. The transcriptome sequencing results revealed that EU changed the skin gene expression profiles. Subsequent pathway enrichment analyses indicated that EU might reverse the pivotal ECM–receptor interaction and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways. Furthermore, EU alleviated the intestinal dysbiosis induced by chronic UVB exposure. Spearman analysis results further revealed the close connection between gut microbiota and skin photoaging. Considering the near-inevitable UVB exposure in modern living, the findings showed that the EU effectively reverted skin photoaging, offering a potential strategy for addressing extrinsic skin aging.
Taurine Chloramine-Mediated Nrf2 Activation and HO-1 Induction Confer Protective Effects in Astrocytes
Authors: Seol Song-I , Kang In Soon , Lee Ji Seok , Lee Ja-Kyeong , Kim Chaekyun
Published: January 2024

Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues, with the highest levels in the brain, heart, and leukocytes. Taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl) via the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system. In this study, we elucidated the antioxidative and protective effects of Tau-Cl in astrocytes. Tau-Cl increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) and the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Nrf2 activity is negatively regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Tau-Cl decreased the level of the reduced thiol groups of Keap1, resulting in the disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. Consequently, Tau-Cl rescued the H2O2-induced cell death by enhancing HO-1 expression and suppressing reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, Tau-Cl confers protective effects in astrocytes by disrupting the Keap1-Nrf2 complex, thereby promoting Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, wherein it binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and accelerates the transcription of antioxidant genes. Therefore, in astrocytes, the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway by Tau-Cl may increase antioxidants and anti-inflammatory mediators as well as other cytoprotective proteins, conferring protection against brain infection and injury.
Investigating the Impact of Disrupting the Glutamine Metabolism Pathway on Ammonia Excretion in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) under Carbonate Alkaline Stress Using Metabolomics Techniques
Authors: Sun Yanchun , Geng Chuanye , Liu Wenzhi , Liu Yingjie , Ding Lu , Wang Peng
Published: January 2024

With the gradual decline in freshwater resources, the space available for freshwater aquaculture is diminishing and the need to maximize saline water for aquaculture is increasing. This study aimed to elucidate the impact mechanisms of the disruption of the glutamate pathway on serum metabolism and ammonia excretion in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under carbonate alkaline stress. A freshwater control group (C group), a 20 mmol/L NaHCO3 stress group (L group), and a 40 mmol/L NaHCO3 stress group (H group) were established. After 30 days of exposure, methionine sulfoximine (MSO) was injected to block the glutamate pathway metabolism, and the groups post-blocking were labeled as MC, ML, and MH. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) metabolomics technique was employed to detect changes in the composition and content of crucian carp serum metabolites. Significant differential metabolites were identified, and related metabolic pathways were analyzed. The results revealed that, following the glutamate pathway blockade, a total of 228 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in the three treatment groups. An enrichment analysis indicated significant involvement in glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine and proline biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, among other metabolic pathways. The results showed that ROS imbalances and L-arginine accumulation in crucian carp after the glutamate pathway blockade led to an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in vivo, which may cause damage to the structure and function of cell membranes. Crucian carp improves the body’s antioxidant capacity and regulates cellular homeostasis by activating glutathione metabolism and increasing the concentration of phosphatidylcholine (PC) analogs. Additionally, challenges such as aggravated ammonia excretion obstruction and disrupted energy metabolism were observed in crucian carp, with the upregulation of purine metabolism alleviating ammonia toxicity and maintaining energy homeostasis through pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis as well as fatty acid degradation. This study elucidated the metabolic changes in crucian carp under carbonate alkaline stress after a glutamate pathway blockade at the cellular metabolism level and screened out the key metabolic pathways, which provide a scientific basis for further in-depth studies on the ammonia excretion of freshwater scleractinian fishes under saline and alkaline habitats at a later stage.
Protection of Buried Pipelines from High-Speed Train Vibrations with Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam
Authors: Lyratzakis Alexandros , Tsompanakis Yiannis , Psarropoulos Prodromos N.
Published: January 2024

High-speed railway (HSR) lines commonly operate over hundreds of kilometers, crossing several other large-scale infrastructures, such as highways, tunnels, bridges, and pipelines. This fact makes adjacent infrastructure more vulnerable to high-speed train (HST)-induced vibrations; thus, their potential distress should be carefully examined. The current study aims to assess the level of traffic-induced vibrations on the surface of buried pipelines vertically crossing under an HSR line. Firstly, the necessity to reduce high vibration levels is highlighted, utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model in conjunction with the moving load approach. Subsequently, an efficient mitigation measure is proposed to minimize these vibrations. For this purpose, a low-weight, high-performance geosynthetic fill material, i.e., expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks, has been implemented between the HSR line and the buried pipeline to minimize the impact of vibrations. In this manner, HST-induced vibrations are reflected on EPS blocks, preventing them from reaching the pipeline surface. Based on this detailed parametric study, useful conclusions are drawn regarding the mechanical properties and geometry of the EPS protection layer.
Spatial Analysis of Creative Industries for Urban Functional Zones: A GIS-Based Comparative Study in Eastern European Regional Centres: Cluj-Napoca (Romania) and Pécs (Hungary)
Authors: Ștefan Bilașco , Horeczki Réka , Rácz Szilárd , Sanda Roșca , Vasile Dohotar , Iuliu Vescan , Ioan Fodorean , Sestras Paul
Published: January 2024

Creative industries, by their nature of innovation through creativity, add value to any territory by giving it spatial functionality, and at the same time, they favour sustainable development through the sustainability of the urban centres in which they operate. This paper develops a GIS methodology based on the implementation of a spatial analysis model that captures, in a comparative way, the spatial functionality of two different urban centres—(Cluj-Napoca (Romania) and Pécs (Hungary))—in terms of spatial extent based on the impact of the spatial distribution of creative industries. The spatial analysis model is based on the management of alpha-numeric databases representing the addresses of the creative industries, based on geolocation, for the development of spatial analyses of pedestrian accessibility. The main aim is to identify the specific areas of 15 and 5 min model cities. The comparative analysis was carried out by implementing a deterministic methodology through which the areas with certain degrees of accessibility were analysed in relation to the total analysed area, with the main aim of standardising the scale of analysis due to the difference between the two urban centres, thus facilitating the use of qualitative boning in the final comparison process. The results obtained highlight the local behaviour, at the same time making it possible to conduct a realistic deterministic comparative analysis of the two urban centres, which are also identifiable from the point of view of local territorial functionality, thereby validating the GIS model implemented in the present study.
The Impact of Different Types of El Niño Events on the Ozone Valley of the Tibetan Plateau Based on the WACCM4 Mode
Authors: Wan Yishun , Xu Feng , Chang Shujie , Wan Lingfeng , Li Yongchi
Published: January 2024

This study integrates the sea surface temperature, ozone and meteorological data of ERA5 to count the El Niño events since 1979 and has classified these events into eastern and central types in space as well as spring and summer types in time. The impacts of different types of El Niño events on the ozone valley of the Tibetan Plateau are discussed. The eastern (and spring) type of El Niño events are generally more intense and longer in duration than the central (and summer) type of El Niño events. Overall, in the summer of the following year after El Niño events, the total column ozone (TCO) anomalies near the Tibetan Plateau have a regular zonal distribution. At low latitudes, TCO exhibits negative anomalies, which become more negative approaching the equator. The TCO in the region north of 30° N mainly shows positive anomalies with the high-value region around 40° N. The responses of ozone to different types of El Niño events over the Tibetan Plateau are different, which is further validated by the WACCM4 simulation results. The greater intensity of the eastern (and spring) type of El Niño events caused stronger upward movement of the middle and upper atmosphere in the 20° N region in the subsequent summer as well as a stronger South Asian High. These have resulted in a wider range of negative TCO anomalies in the southern low-latitude region of the South Asian High. In addition, the growing intensity of El Niño extreme events over more than half a century warrants significant concern.
A Methodological Approach for Interpreting and Comparing the Viscoelastic Behaviors of Soft Biological Tissues and Hydrogels at the Cell-Length Scale
Authors: Tosini Marta , Tänzer Torne , Villata Simona , Baruffaldi Désirée , Monica Valentina , Peracino Barbara , Primo Luca , Frascella Francesca , Pirri Fabrizio , Audenino Alberto , Massai Diana , Serino Gianpaolo
Published: January 2024

The behavior of a cell is strongly influenced by the physical properties and stimuli in its microenvironment. Furthermore, the activation and modulation of mechanotransduction pathways are involved in tissue development and homeostasis and even pathological processes. Thus, when developing materials aimed at mimicking the extracellular matrixes of healthy or pathological tissues, their mechanical features should be closely considered. In this context, nanoindentation represents a powerful technique for mechanically characterizing biological tissues and hydrogels at the cell-length scale. However, standardized experimental protocols and data analysis techniques are lacking. Here, we proposed a methodological approach based on the nanoindentation technique for quantitatively analyzing and comparing the time-dependent load relaxation responses of soft biological tissues and hydrogels. As this was an explanatory study, stress-relaxation nanoindentation tests were performed on samples of pig and human lung tissues and of a specific gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to quantify and compare their viscoelastic properties. The proposed method allowed for identifying the characteristic parameters needed for describing the behavior of each sample, permitting us to quantitatively compare their mechanical behaviors. All samples showed load relaxation at a defined indentation depth because of their intrinsic viscoelastic behaviors, and the GelMA samples showed the highest relaxation capabilities. The distribution of the characterization parameters showed that the biological samples presented similar time-dependent responses, while differences were observed in the GelMA samples. Overall, the proposed methodological approach allows for providing key insights into the time-dependent behaviors of soft biological tissues and hydrogels at the cell-length scale in view of supporting tissue engineering and pathophysiological investigations.