bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Prediction of Muscle Invasion in Bladder Cancer Using Semi-Automatic Lesion Segmentation of MRI Compared with Manual Segmentation
Authors: Ye Yaojiang , Luo Zixin , Qiu Zhengxuan , Cao Kangyang , Huang Bingsheng , Deng Lei , Zhang Weijing , Liu Guoqing , Zou Yujian , Zhang Jian , Li Jianpeng
Published: November 2023

Conventional radiomics analysis requires the manual segmentation of lesions, which is time-consuming and subjective. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of predicting muscle invasion in bladder cancer (BCa) with radiomics using a semi-automatic lesion segmentation method on T2-weighted images. Cases of non-muscle-invasive BCa (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC) were pathologically identified in a training cohort and in internal and external validation cohorts. For bladder tumor segmentation, a deep learning-based semi-automatic model was constructed, while manual segmentation was performed by a radiologist. Semi-automatic and manual segmentation results were respectively used in radiomics analyses to distinguish NMIBC from MIBC. An equivalence test was used to compare the models’ performance. The mean Dice similarity coefficients of the semi-automatic segmentation method were 0.836 and 0.801 in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 1.00 (0.991) and 0.892 (0.894) for the semi-automated model (manual) on the internal and external validation cohort, respectively (both p < 0.05). The average total processing time for semi-automatic segmentation was significantly shorter than that for manual segmentation (35 s vs. 92 s, p < 0.001). The BCa radiomics model based on semi-automatic segmentation method had a similar diagnostic performance as that of manual segmentation, while being less time-consuming and requiring fewer manual interventions.
Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, and In Silico Investigation of Two Newly Synthesized β-Diketone Derivatives as Potent COX-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kurbanova Malahat Musrat , Maharramov Abel Mammadali , Sadigova Arzu Zabit , Gurbanova Fidan Zaur , Mali Suraj Narayan , Al-Salahi Rashad , El Bakri Youness , Lai Chin-Hung
Published: November 2023

Despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains largely unexplored. β-Diketones and their complexes find broad applications as biologically active compounds. In this study, in silico molecular docking results revealed that two β-diketone derivatives, namely 2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hydrazono)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, exhibit anti-COX-2 activities. However, recent docking results indicated that the relative anti-COX-2 activity of these two studied β-diketones was influenced by the employed docking programs. For improved design of COX-2 inhibitors from β-diketones, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy framework, and ADMET studies. The goal was to understand the interaction mechanisms and evaluate the inhibitory characteristics. The results indicate that 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hydrazono)cyclohexane-1,3-dione shows greater anti-COX-2 activity compared to 2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione.
Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Flower Color Differentiation Mechanisms in Various Sophora japonica L. Petal Types
Authors: Guan Lingshan , Liu Jinshi , Wang Ruilong , Mu Yanjuan , Sun Tao , Wang Lili , Zhao Yunchao , Zhu Nana , Ji Xinyue , Lu Yizeng , Wang Yan
Published: November 2023

Sophora japonica L. is an important landscaping and ornamental tree species throughout southern and northern parts of China. The most common color of S. japonica petals is yellow and white. In this study, S. japonica flower color mutants with yellow and white flag petals and light purple-red wing and keel petals were used for transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of flower color variation in S. japonica ‘AM’ mutant, 36 anthocyanin metabolites were screened in the anthocyanin-targeting metabolome. The results demonstrated that cyanidins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside in the ‘AM’ mutant were the key metabolites responsible for the red color of the wing and keel petals. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified the key structural genes and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among these, F3′5′H, ANS, UFGT79B1, bHLH, and WRKY expression was significantly correlated with the cyanidin-type anthocyanins (key regulatory factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis) in the flag, wing, and keel petals in S. japonica at various flower development stages.
Targeting the Adipose Tissue–Liver–Gut Microbiota Crosstalk to Cure MASLD
Authors: Gabbia Daniela , De Martin Sara
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota is a complex system, playing a peculiar role in regulating innate and systemic immunity. Increasing evidence links dysfunctional gut microbiota to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) due to the activation of multiple pathways in the gut and in the liver, including those mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that sustain hepatic inflammation. Thus, many efforts have been made to unravel the role of microbiota-associated dysfunction in MASLD, with the final aim of finding novel strategies to improve liver steatosis and function. Moreover, recent evidence underlines the role of adipose tissue in sustaining hepatic inflammation during MASLD development. In this review, we focus on the recently discovered strategies proposed to improve the alteration of gut microbiota observed in MASLD patients, with a particular insight into those known to modulate gut microbiota-associated dysfunction and to affect the complex crosstalk between the gut, the adipose tissue, and the liver.
A CircRNA–miRNA–mRNA Network for Exploring Doxorubicin- and Myocet-Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Translational Porcine Model
Authors: Mester-Tonczar Julia , Einzinger Patrick , Hasimbegovic Ena , Kastner Nina , Schweiger Victor , Spannbauer Andreas , Han Emilie , Müller-Zlabinger Katrin , Traxler-Weidenauer Denise , Bergler-Klein Jutta , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Lukovic Dominika
Published: November 2023

Despite the widespread use of doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent, its severe cumulative cardiotoxicity represents a significant limitation. While the liposomal encapsulation of doxorubicin (Myocet, MYO) reduces cardiotoxicity, it is crucial to understand the molecular background of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we examined circular RNA expression in a translational model of pigs treated with either DOX or MYO and its potential impact on the global gene expression pattern in the myocardium. This study furthers our knowledge about the regulatory network of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and its interaction with chemotherapeutics. Domestic pigs were treated with three cycles of anthracycline drugs (DOX, n = 5; MYO, n = 5) to induce cardiotoxicity. Untreated animals served as controls (control, n = 3). We applied a bulk mRNA-seq approach and the CIRIquant algorithm to identify circRNAs. The most differentially regulated circRNAs were validated under cell culture conditions, following forecasting of the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network. We identified eight novel significantly regulated circRNAs from exonic and mitochondrial regions in the porcine myocardium. The forecasted circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network suggested candidate circRNAs that sponge miR-17, miR-15b, miR-130b, the let-7 family, and miR125, together with their mRNA targets. The identified circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network provides an updated, coherent view of the mechanisms involved in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Fernandes Raquel , Costa Cátia , Fernandes Rúben , Barros Ana Novo
Published: November 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
Enhancement of Chondrogenic Markers by Exosomes Derived from Cultured Human Synovial Fluid-Derived Cells: A Comparative Analysis of 2D and 3D Conditions
Authors: Han Bo , Fang William , Yang Zhi , Wang Yuntao , Zhao Shuqing , Hoang Ba Xuan , Vangsness C. Thomas
Published: November 2023

Objective: The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from synovial fluid-derived cells (SFDCs) cultured under normoxic conditions in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer or encapsulated within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix for chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and cartilage defect repair in vivo. Design: Synovial fluid samples were obtained from three patients, and SFDCs were isolated and expanded either in a 2D monolayer culture or seeded within a transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin (Col-Tgel) to create a 3D gel culture. Exosomes derived from each environment were isolated and characterized. Then, their effects on cartilage-cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were assessed using an in vitro organoid model, and their potential for enhancing cartilage repair was evaluated using a rat cartilage defect model. Results: SFDCs obtained from different donors reached a state of senescence after four passages in 2D culture. However, transferring these cells to a 3D culture environment mitigated the senescence and improved cell viability. The 3D-cultured exosomes exhibited enhanced potency in promoting chondrogenic differentiation, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic genes and greater deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the 3D-cultured exosomes demonstrated superior effectiveness in enhancing cartilage repair and exhibited better healing properties compared to exosomes derived from a 2D culture. Conclusions: The optimized 3D culture provided a more favorable environment for the proliferation of human synovial cells and the secretion of exosomes compared to the 2D culture. The 3D-cultured exosomes exhibited greater potential for promoting chondrogenic gene expression in vitro and demonstrated improved healing properties in repairing cartilage defects compared to exosomes derived from the 2D culture.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Changes in Macular Area in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Treated with Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Chatziralli Irini , Dimitriou Eleni , Agapitou Chrysa , Kazantzis Dimitrios , Kapsis Petros , Morogiannis Nick , Kandarakis Stylianos , Theodossiadis George , Theodossiadis Panagiotis
Published: November 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in association with functional changes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) with a follow up of 12 months. Methods: The participants in this study were 28 patients with PDR and no macular oedema, who were eligible for PRP. All participants underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) at baseline (before treatment) and at months 1, 6, and 12 after the completion of PRP treatment. The comparison of OCTA parameters and BCVA between baseline and months 1, 6, and 12 after PRP was performed. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area at months 6 and 12 of the follow-up period compared to baseline (p = 0.014 and p = 0.011 for month 6 and 12, respectively). Of note is that FAZ became significantly more circular 6 months after PRP (p = 0.009), and remained so at month 12 (p = 0.015). There was a significant increase in the mean foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) at all quadrants at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) at month 6 and month 12 after PRP compared to baseline. No difference was noticed in VD at the deep capillary plexus (DCP) at any time-point of the follow up. BCVA remained the same throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions: At months 6 and 12 after PRP, foveal and parafoveal VD at SCP significantly increased compared to baseline, while the FAZ area significantly decreased and FAZ became more circular.
Understanding the Episodic Memory and Executive Functioning Axis Impairment in MCI Patients: A Multicenter Study in Comparison with CSF Biomarkers
Authors: Chino Brenda , Torres-Simón Lucía , Żelwetro Agnieszka , Rodríguez-Rojo Inmaculada Concepción , Carnes-Vendrell Anna , Piñol-Ripoll Gerard , Yubero Raquel , Paúl Nuria , Maestú Fernando
Published: November 2023

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between a verbal learning task that evaluates the potential mutual dependency between memory and executive functions (i.e., the Test of Memory Strategies, TMS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarkers. Methods: A sample of 47 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants from Poland and Spain were classified according to the Erlangen Score Diagnostic Algorithm (ESA) into CSF- (n = 16) and CSF+ (n = 31) groups. Correlation analyses between TMS word-list conditions and CSF biomarkers were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of covariance was performed to define the effect on ESA classification in the sample, using as a covariable the country of origin of the participants. Results: Significant associations between the TMS-3 condition and Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were observed for the whole sample. In addition, the CSF- participants obtained higher cognitive performance in TMS-3 compared to the CSF+ group. This outcome persisted if the groups were based on Aβ42 scores, but not t-tau or p-tau values. Conclusions: These findings could indicate that poor performance on verbal learning tests may be affected by executive dysfunctions. Therefore, future intervention plans focused on training executive functions would be of interest to improve the ability of MCI patients to encode and organize information.
The Effects of IL-23/IL-18-Polarized Neutrophils on Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Allogeneic-Skin-Graft Rejection in Mice
Authors: Wu Changhong , Xu Jinglin , Zhang Zhaoqi , Wei Dong , Xu Yanan , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2023

Neutrophils display heterogeneity and plasticity with different subgroups and immune-regulatory functions under various surrounding conditions. Neutrophils induced by IL-23/IL-18 (referred to N(IL-23+IL-18) neutrophils) have a unique gene-expression profile, with highly expressing IL-17, MHC-II, and costimulatory molecules. The adoptive transfer of N(IL-23+IL-18) neutrophils significantly increased the pathogenesis in a renal ischemia–reperfusion injury mouse model. N(IL-23+IL-18) neutrophils directly and efficiently induced allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro. N(IL-23+IL-18) neutrophils enhanced the syngeneic T cell response to allogeneic antigens in mixed-lymphocyte reaction assays. The adoptive transfer of the donor or host N(IL-23+IL-18) neutrophils significantly enhanced the antidonor antibody production in an allogeneic-skin-transplanted mouse model, accompanied by increased Tfh cells in the spleens. Therefore, the neutrophil subset induced by IL-23/IL-18 promotes tissue injury and antidonor humoral response in the allogeneic transplantation mouse model.
Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Lai Ylenia , Loy Francesco , Isola Michela , Noli Roberta , Rinaldi Andrea , Lobina Carla , Vargiu Romina , Cesare Marincola Flaminia , Isola Raffaella
Published: November 2023

The use of hypoxic devices among athletes who train in normobaric hypoxia has become increasingly popular; however, the acute effects on heart and brain metabolism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial bioenergetics in trained male and female Wistar rats after acute hypoxia training. The experimental plan included exercising for 30 min on a treadmill in a Plexiglas cage connected to a hypoxic generator set at 12.5% O2 or in normoxia. After the exercise, the rats were sacrificed, and their mitochondria were isolated from their brains and hearts. The bioenergetics for each complex of the electron transport chain was tested using a Clark-type electrode. The results showed that following hypoxia training, females experienced impaired oxidative phosphorylation through complex II in heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria, while males had an altered ADP/O in heart interfibrillar mitochondria, without any change in oxidative capacity. No differences from controls were evident in the brain, but an increased electron transport system efficiency was observed with complex I and IV substrates in males. Therefore, the study’s findings suggest that hypoxia training affects the heart mitochondria of females more than males. This raises a cautionary flag for female athletes who use hypoxic devices.
Vitamin K and Calcium Chelation in Vascular Health
Authors: Aaseth Jan O. , Alehagen Urban , Opstad Trine Baur , Alexander Jan
Published: November 2023

The observation that the extent of artery calcification correlates with the degree of atherosclerosis was the background for the alternative treatment of cardiovascular disease with chelator ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA). Recent studies have indicated that such chelation treatment has only marginal impact on the course of vascular disease. In contrast, endogenous calcium chelation with removal of calcium from the cardiovascular system paralleled by improved bone mineralization exerted, i.e., by matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteocalcin, appears to significantly delay the development of cardiovascular diseases. After post-translational vitamin-K-dependent carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, MGP and other vitamin-K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) can chelate calcium through vicinal carboxyl groups. Dietary vitamin K is mainly provided in the form of phylloquinone from green leafy vegetables and as menaquinones from fermented foods. Here, we provide a review of clinical studies, addressing the role of vitamin K in cardiovascular diseases, and an overview of vitamin K kinetics and biological actions, including vitamin-K-dependent carboxylation and calcium chelation, as compared with the action of the exogenous (therapeutic) chelator EDTA. Consumption of vitamin-K-rich foods and/or use of vitamin K supplements appear to be a better preventive strategy than EDTA chelation for maintaining vascular health.
Tephrosin Suppresses the Chemoresistance of Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer via Inhibition of FGFR1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kim Hee Su , Bae Sowon , Lim Ye Jin , So Kyeong A , Kim Tae Jin , Bae Seunghee , Lee Jae Ho
Published: November 2023

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. Paclitaxel is used as a standard first-line therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer. However, chemotherapeutic resistance and high recurrence rates are major obstacles to treating ovarian cancer. We have found that tephrosin, a natural rotenoid isoflavonoid, can resensitize paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. Cell viability, immunoblotting, and a flow cytometric analysis showed that a combination treatment made up of paclitaxel and tephrosin induced apoptotic death. Tephrosin inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, STAT3, ERK, and p38 MAPK, all of which simultaneously play important roles in survival signaling pathways. Notably, tephrosin downregulated the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its specific adapter protein FRS2, but it had no effect on the phosphorylation of the EGFR. Immunoblotting and a fluo-3 acetoxymethyl assay showed that tephrosin did not affect the expression or function of P-glycoprotein. Additionally, treatment with N-acetylcysteine did not restore cell cytotoxicity caused by a treatment combination made up of paclitaxel and tephrosin, showing that tephrosin did not affect the reactive oxygen species scavenging pathway. Interestingly, tephrosin reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor XIAP. This study demonstrates that tephrosin is a potent antitumor agent that can be used in the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer via the inhibition of the FGFR1 signaling pathway.
Targeting CD24 in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Hu Zhigang , Guo Zhigang
Published: November 2023

Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that is commonly and highly expressed in various tumours. In addition, CD24 is associated with several cancer-related signalling pathways and closely interacts with other molecules and immune cells to influence tumour progression. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and CAR-NK cell therapy are currently available for the treatment of CD24. In this review, we summarise the existing therapeutic approaches and possible future directions targeting CD24.
Can Machine Learning Predict the Reaction Paths in Catalytic CO2 Reduction on Small Cu/Ni Clusters?
Authors: Stottko Rafał , Dziadyk-Stopyra Elżbieta , Szyja Bartłomiej M.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we explore the catalytic CO2 reduction process on 13-atom bimetallic nanoclusters with icosahedron geometry. As copper and nickel atoms may be positioned in different locations and either separated into groups or uniformly distributed, the possible permutations lead to many unnecessary simulations. Thus, we have developed a machine learning model aimed at predicting the energy of a specific group of bimetallic (CuNi) clusters and their interactions with CO2 reduction intermediates. The training data for the algorithm have been provided from DFT simulations and consist only of the coordinates and types of atoms, together with the related potential energy of the system. While the algorithm is not able to predict the exact energy of the given complex, it is able to select the candidates for further optimization with reasonably good certainty. We have also found that the stability of the complex depends on the type of central atom in the nanoparticle, despite it not directly interacting with the intermediates.
Ultrastructural Abnormalities in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Neurons of Two Cohen Syndrome Patients
Authors: Shnaider Tatiana A. , Khabarova Anna A. , Morozova Ksenia N. , Yunusova Anastasia M. , Yakovleva Sophia A. , Chvileva Anastasia S. , Wolf Ekaterina R. , Kiseleva Elena V. , Grigor’eva Elena V. , Voinova Viktori Y. , Lagarkova Maria A. , Pomerantseva Ekaterina A. , Musatova Elizaveta V. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnova Anna V. , Stoklitskaya Diana S. , Arefieva Tatiana I. , Larina Daria A. , Nikitina Tatiana V. , Pristyazhnyuk Inna E.
Published: November 2023

Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by VPS13B (COH1) gene mutations. This syndrome is significantly underdiagnosed and is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, autistic symptoms, hypotension, myopia, retinal dystrophy, neutropenia, and obesity. VPS13B regulates intracellular membrane transport and supports the Golgi apparatus structure, which is critical for neuron formation. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from two patients with pronounced manifestations of Cohen syndrome and differentiated them into neural stem cells and neurons. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented multiple new ultrastructural changes associated with Cohen syndrome in the neuronal cells. We discovered considerable disturbances in the structure of some organelles: Golgi apparatus fragmentation and swelling, endoplasmic reticulum structural reorganization, mitochondrial defects, and the accumulation of large autophagosomes with undigested contents. These abnormalities underline the ultrastructural similarity of Cohen syndrome to many neurodegenerative diseases. The cell models that we developed based on patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells can serve to uncover not only neurodegenerative processes, but the causes of intellectual disability in general.
New Terbium Complex as a Luminescent Sensor for the Highly Selective Detection of Malathion in Water Samples
Authors: Rizk Moustafa A. , Alsaiari Mabkhoot A. , Alsaiari Raiedhah A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. , Abbas Abbas M. , Khairy Gasser M.
Published: November 2023

A novel ligand, namely, (N’,N’’’-((1E,2E)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-allyl-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide) (H2DBAZ), was designed and synthesized. This ligand demonstrated the ability to successfully interact with Tb(III) ions, resulting in the formation of a chemosensor that exhibited luminescent properties. The novel ligand was produced and subsequently subjected to characterization with several analytical techniques, including mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The postulated chemical structure of the Tb(III)–(DBAZ) complex was assessed utilizing a molar ratio approach. The chemosensor exhibited both selectivity and sensitivity towards malathion when compared to other nine organophosphorus pesticides that were investigated in methanol. The method was based on the phenomenon of luminescence static quenching shown by the complex subsequent to its interaction with the malathion pesticide. A linear Stern–Volmer plot was seen and, subsequently, utilized to generate the calibration curve. The observed linear range spanned from 0.39 to 60 µM, with a strong correlation coefficient of 0.999. Additionally, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.118 µM. This methodology was successfully employed to measure the presence of malathion in various water samples. This particular complex exhibited promising potential for application in the development of a chemosensor utilizing the molecularly imprinted polymer approach.
Optimization of Radiation Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: Development, Advancements, Challenges and Achievements of the OPRIPALC Program
Authors: Ubeda Carlos , Vano Elise , Perez María , Jimenez Pablo , van Deventer Emilie , Ramirez Raúl , Nader Alejandro , Miranda Patricia
Published: November 2023

This article presents the development, advancements, challenges and achievements of the “Optimization of Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean” (OPRIPALC) program. This international initiative is led by the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The main objectives of OPRIPALC are to foster a culture of radiological protection in pediatric interventions, enhance these procedures’ quality, and define optimization strategies such as the use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Currently, 33 centers from 12 countries participate actively in the program. Significant progress has been made towards the proposed objectives, overcoming the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through many virtual meetings for coordination, planning, training and follow-up, a comprehensive set of DRLs for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, categorized by weight and age, have been established and are in use. A consensus document on good practices is in the final stage of development. The program’s continuation into at least a second phase is essential to address pending issues, including the integration of automatic dose management systems, the levels of occupational radiation doses, their correlation with pediatric patient doses, and strategies to reduce them.
Bone Fracture in Rett Syndrome: Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Caffarelli Carla , Al Refaie Antonella , Mondillo Caterina , De Vita Michela , Baldassini Leonardo , Valacchi Giuseppe , Gonnelli Stefano
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the burden and management of fragility fractures in subjects with Rett syndrome. We searched all relevant medical literature from 1 January 1986 to 30 June 2023 for studies under the search term “Rett syndrome and fracture”. The fracture frequency ranges from a minimum of 13.9% to a maximum of 36.1%. The majority of such fractures occur in lower limb bones and are associated with low bone mineral density. Anticonvulsant use, joint contractures, immobilization, low physical activity, poor nutrition, the genotype, and lower calcium and vitamin D intakes all significantly impair skeletal maturation and bone mass accrual in Rett syndrome patients, making them more susceptible to fragility fractures. This review summarizes the knowledge on risk factors for fragility fracture in patients with Rett syndrome and suggests a possible diagnostic and therapeutic care pathway for improving low bone mineral density and reducing the risk of fragility fractures. The optimization of physical activity, along with adequate nutrition and the intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements, should be recommended. In addition, subjects with Rett syndrome and a history of fracture should consider using bisphosphonates.
Management of Traumatic Nerve Palsies in Paediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Graff Christy , Dounas George Dennis , Todd Maya Rani Louise Chandra , Sung Jonghoo , Kumawat Medhir
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Up to 12% of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs) have an associated traumatic nerve injury. This review aims to summarize the evidence and guide clinicians regarding the timing of investigations and/or surgical interventions for traumatic nerve palsies after this injury. Methods: A formal systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews and PRISMA guidelines. Manuscripts were reviewed by independent reviewers against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction, synthesis, and assessment for methodological quality were undertaken. Results: A total of 51 manuscripts were included in the final evaluation, reporting on a total of 510 traumatic nerve palsies in paediatric SCHFs. In this study, 376 nerve palsies recovered without any investigation or intervention over an average time of 19.5 weeks. Comparatively, 37 went back to theatre for exploration beyond the initial treatment due to persistent deficits, at an average time of 4 months. The most common finding at the time of exploration was entrapment of the nerve requiring neurolysis. A total of 27 cases did not achieve full recovery regardless of management. Of the 15 reports of nerve laceration secondary to paediatric SCHFs, 13 were the radial nerve. Conclusions: Most paediatric patients who sustain a SCHF with associated traumatic nerve injury will have full recovery. Delayed or no recovery of the nerve palsy should be considered for exploration within four months of the injury; earlier exploration should be considered for radial nerve palsies.
In Vivo Drug Testing during Embryonic Wound Healing: Establishing the Avian Model
Authors: Bablok Martin , Brand-Saberi Beate , Gellisch Morris , Morosan-Puopolo Gabriela
Published: November 2023

The relevance of identifying pathological processes in the context of embryonic development is increasingly gaining attention in terms of professionalized prenatal care. To analyze local effects of prenatally administered drugs during embryonic development, the model organism of the chicken embryo can be used in a first exploratory approach. For the examination of local dexamethasone administration—as an exemplary drug—common bead implantation protocols have been adapted to serve as an in vivo technique for local drug testing during embryonic skin regeneration. For this, acrylic beads were soaked in a dexamethasone solution and implanted into skin incisional wounds of 4-day-old chicken embryos. After further incubation, the effects of the applied substance on the process of embryonic skin regeneration were analyzed using histological and molecular biological techniques. This data descriptor contains a detailed microsurgical protocol, a representative video demonstration, and exemplary results of local glucocorticoid-induced changes during embryonic wound healing. To conclude, this method allows for the analysis of the local effects of a particular substance on a cellular level and can be extended to serve as an in vivo technique for numerous other drugs to be tested on embryonic tissue.
In Vitro Models Used in the Formation of Root Caries Lesions—A Review of the Literature
Authors: Dohan Zaid , Friedlander Lara T. , Cooper Paul R. , Li Kai-Chun , Ratnayake Jithendra T. , Mei May L.
Published: November 2023

The management of root caries remains a challenge for clinicians due to its unique anatomical location and structure. There is increasing interest in utilising artificial root caries lesions to develop new strategies for remineralisation. An ideal protocol has not yet been agreed upon. The aim of this review is to provide a structured overview of previously reported in vitro root caries models. The literature was screened and mined for information mainly on substrate selection, model systems utilised, and variables used in the models. Human roots (60%) were the most frequently used substrates, followed by bovine roots (40%). Chemical models (69%) were the most frequently utilised model systems, followed by microbiological models (27%), to form root caries lesions. Acetate buffer solution (80%), pH 5.0 or above (40%), and a demineralisation time of five days (25%) were the common variables used in the chemical systems, while mono-species biofilm was most frequently used (73%) in microbiological models and Streptococcus mutans was the most common bacterial strain utilised in these models (80%). This review highlights the variability amongst the experimental approaches, discusses the advantages and limitations of these approaches, and emphasises that standardisation of experimental conditions along with sustained research will benefit root caries research.
Performance Optimization and Exergy Analysis of Thermoelectric Heat Recovery System for Gas Turbine Power Plants
Authors: Alsaghir Ahmad , Bahk Je-Hyeong
Published: November 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) waste heat recovery has attracted significant attention over the past decades, owing to its direct heat-to-electricity conversion capability and reliable operation. However, methods for application-specific, system-level TE design have not been thoroughly investigated. This work provides detailed design optimization strategies and exergy analysis for TE waste heat recovery systems. To this end, we propose the use of TE system equipped on the exhaust of a gas turbine power plant for exhaust waste heat recovery and use it as a case study. A numerical tool has been developed to solve the coupled charge and heat current equations with temperature-dependent material properties and convective heat transfer at the interfaces with the exhaust gases at the hot side and with the ambient air at the heat sink side. Our calculations show that at the optimum design with 50% fill factor and 6 mm leg thickness made of state-of-the-art Bi2Te3 alloys, the proposed system can reach power output of 10.5 kW for the TE system attached on a 2 m-long, 0.5 × 0.5 m2-area exhaust duct with system efficiency of 5% and material cost per power of 0.23 $/W. Our extensive exergy analysis reveals that only 1% of the exergy content of the exhaust gas is exploited in this heat recovery process and the exergy efficiency of the TE system can reach 8% with improvement potential of 85%.
Towards the Simplest Model of Quantum Supremacy: Atomic Boson Sampling in a Box Trap
Authors: Kocharovsky Vitaly V. , Kocharovsky Vladimir V. , Shannon William D. , Tarasov Sergey V.
Published: November 2023

We describe boson sampling of interacting atoms from the noncondensed fraction of Bose–Einstein-condensed (BEC) gas confined in a box trap as a new platform for studying computational ♯P-hardness and quantum supremacy of many-body systems. We calculate the characteristic function and statistics of atom numbers via the newly found Hafnian master theorem. Using Bloch–Messiah reduction, we find that interatomic interactions give rise to two equally important entities—eigen-squeeze modes and eigen-energy quasiparticles—whose interplay with sampling atom states determines the behavior of the BEC gas. We infer that two necessary ingredients of ♯P-hardness, squeezing and interference, are self-generated in the gas and, contrary to Gaussian boson sampling in linear interferometers, external sources of squeezed bosons are not required.
Stability Analysis of a Delayed Rumor Propagation Model with Nonlinear Incidence Incorporating Impulsive Vaccination
Authors: Zhou Yuqian , Jiang Haijun , Luo Xupeng , Yu Shuzhen
Published: November 2023

The presence of information asymmetry can hinder the public’s ability to make well-informed decisions, resulting in unwarranted suspicion and the widespread dissemination of rumors. Therefore, it is crucial to provide individuals with consistent and dependable scientific education. Regular popular science education is considered a periodic impulsive intervention to mitigate the impact of information asymmetry and promote a more informed and discerning public. Drawing on these findings, this paper proposes a susceptible-hesitant-infected-refuting-recovered (SHIDR) rumor-spreading model to explain the spread of rumors. The model incorporates elements such as time delay, nonlinear incidence, and refuting individuals. Firstly, by applying the comparison theorem of an impulsive differential equation, we calculate two thresholds for rumor propagation. Additionally, we analyze the conditions of global attractiveness of the rumor-free periodic solution. Furthermore, we consider the condition for the rumor’s permanence. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of our findings. The results suggest that increasing the proportion of impulsive vaccination, reducing the impulsive period, or prolonging the delay time can effectively suppress rumors.
Creation of Problems by Prospective Teachers to Develop Proportional and Algebraic Reasonings in a Probabilistic Context
Authors: Tizón-Escamilla Nicolás , Burgos María
Published: November 2023

To promote optimal learning in their students, mathematics teachers must be proficient in problem posing, making this skill a cornerstone in teacher training programs. This study presents a formative action in which pre-service teachers are required to create and analyze a problem involving proportional reasoning within a probabilistic context. For this problem, they must identify the objects and processes involved in its resolution, recognize the degree of algebraic reasoning implied and identify potential difficulties for students. Subsequently, they need to formulate and analyze a new problem with variation, which mobilizes higher-level algebraic activity. Results indicate that prospective teachers struggle to pose problems that engage proportional reasoning, as well as to identify in their analysis which elements of proportional and algebraic reasoning are present in their solutions. Despite this fact, a significant percentage of participants adequately modify the original problem to address higher levels of algebraic reasoning, identifying in these cases the new algebraic objects and potential difficulties that might arise as the degree of generalization required in the solution increases. The study concludes by underscoring the importance of training in problem posing to enhance the knowledge and competences of prospective teachers concerning proportional and algebraic reasoning.
Successful School Leadership in New Zealand: A Scoping Review
Authors: Constantinides Michalis
Published: November 2023

This article examines the available evidence on what it means to be a successful school leader within the current educational landscape in Aotearoa, New Zealand. It provides a nuanced understanding of common success factors and the contribution of the school principal’s leadership to that success in context. A set of factors that shaped their behaviour and actions is presented that draws attention to cultural relationships and contextual awareness, emphasising not only students’ academic success, but also students’ cultures as vehicles for learning and social change. Findings from this article provide insights into how successful school leaders consider their entire school as a complex system with interconnected parts and build social infrastructures that nurture partnerships with multiple stakeholders.
Co-Developing an Easy-to-Use Learning Analytics Dashboard for Teachers in Primary/Secondary Education: A Human-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Mohseni Zeynab (Artemis) , Masiello Italo , Martins Rafael M.
Published: November 2023

Learning Analytics Dashboards (LADs) can help provide insights and inform pedagogical decisions by supporting the analysis of large amounts of educational data, obtained from sources such as Digital Learning Materials (DLMs). Extracting requirements is a crucial step in developing a LAD, as it helps identify the underlying design problem that needs to be addressed. In fact, determining the problem that requires a solution is one of the primary objectives of requirements extraction. Although there have been studies on the development of LADs for K12 education, these studies have not specifically emphasized the use of a Human-Centered Design (HCD) approach to better comprehend the teachers’ requirements and produce more stimulating insights. In this paper we apply prototyping, which is widely acknowledged as a successful way for rapidly implementing cost-effective designs and efficiently gathering stakeholder feedback, to elicit such requirements. We present a three-step HCD approach, involving a design cycle that employs paper and interactive prototypes to guide the systematic and effective design of LADs that truly meet teacher requirements in primary/secondary education, actively engaging them in the design process. We then conducted interviews and usability testing to co-design and develop a LAD that can be used in classroom’s everyday learning activities. Our results show that the visualizations of the interactive prototype were easily interpreted by the participants, verifying our initial goal of co-developing an easy-to-use LAD.
Online Practicum Effectiveness: Investigation on Tutors’ and Student-Teachers’ Perceptions Pre/Post-Pandemic
Authors: Perla Loredana , Agrati Laura Sara
Published: November 2023

The practicum is an essential activity for initial teacher training courses as it ensures the immersion in real contexts and sharing practice with experts. The early experiments on online practicums occurred thanks to the development of technologies and in view of overcoming unbridgeable distances. In the COVID-19 pandemic phase, online practicum experiences are carried out and studies have investigated their effects in general and on the student-teachers involved. This work presents the first results of an investigation on the perceptions of effectiveness of 578 student-teachers and 33 tutors regarding the online practicum carried out at the ‘Primary Education Sciences’ bachelor’s degree at the University of Bari and Bergamo. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a mixed questionnaire and analyzed statistically and through the QDA procedure. The study offers elements to understand the effectiveness of the online practicum from the perspective of student-teachers and tutors, i.e., overcoming spatial distance and greater sharing of experiences and materials. It paints online practicum as a positive post-pandemic reality and offers some useful insights for teacher training course leaders and teacher education scholars.
A Novel Spatial–Temporal Network for Gait Recognition Using Millimeter-Wave Radar Point Cloud Videos
Authors: Ma Chongrun , Liu Zhenyu
Published: November 2023

Gait recognition is a behavioral biometric technology that aims to identify individuals through their manner of walking. Compared with vision and wearable solutions, millimeter-wave (mmWave)-radar-based gait recognition has drawn attention because radar sensing is privacy-preserving and non-contact. However, it is challenging to capture the motion dynamics of walking people from mmWave radar signals, which is crucial for robust gait recognition. In this study, a novel spatial–temporal gait recognition network based on mmWave radar is proposed to address this problem. First, a four-dimensional (4D) radar point cloud video (RPCV) was introduced to characterize human walking patterns. Then, a PointNet block was utilized to extract spatial features from the radar point clouds in each frame. Finally, a Transformer layer was applied for the spatial–temporal modeling of the 4D RPCVs, capturing walking motion information, followed by fully connected layers to output the identification results. The experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed network over mainstream networks, which achieved the best human identification performance on a dataset of 15 volunteers.
Future AI and Robotics: Visual and Spatial Perception Enhancement and Reasoning
Authors: Zheng Wenfeng , Liu Mingzhe , Liu Chao , Wang Dan
Published: November 2023

Over the past several decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has been tremendously boosted by new algorithm designs, exponentially increased computing power, and an immense volume of calculation materials (i [...]
Application of a 3D Talking Head as Part of Telecommunication AR, VR, MR System: Systematic Review
Authors: Christoff Nicole , Neshov Nikolay N. , Tonchev Krasimir , Manolova Agata
Published: November 2023

In today’s digital era, the realms of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) collectively referred to as extended reality (XR) are reshaping human–computer interactions. XR technologies are poised to overcome geographical barriers, offering innovative solutions for enhancing emotional and social engagement in telecommunications and remote collaboration. This paper delves into the integration of (AI)-powered 3D talking heads within XR-based telecommunication systems. These avatars replicate human expressions, gestures, and speech, effectively minimizing physical constraints in remote communication. The contributions of this research encompass an extensive examination of audio-driven 3D head generation methods and the establishment of comprehensive evaluation criteria for 3D talking head algorithms within Shared Virtual Environments (SVEs). As XR technology evolves, AI-driven 3D talking heads promise to revolutionize remote collaboration and communication.