bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in renal congestion in a novel rat model
Authors: Shimada Satoshi , Hirose Takuo , Takahashi Chika , Sato Emiko , Kinugasa Satoshi , Ohsaki Yusuke , Kisu Kiyomi , Sato Hiroshi , Ito Sadayoshi , Mori Takefumi
Published: November 2018

Increased central venous pressure in congestive heart failure causes renal dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We created a rat renal congestion model and investigated the effect of renal congestion on hemodynamics and molecular mechanisms. The inferior vena cava (IVC) between the renal veins was ligated by suture in male Sprague-Dawley rats to increase upstream IVC pressure and induce congestion in the left kidney only. Left kidney congestion reduced renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and increased renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure. Tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury and medullary thick ascending limb hypoxia were observed only in the congestive kidneys. Molecules related to extracellular matrix expansion, tubular injury, and focal adhesion were upregulated in microarray analysis. Renal decapsulation ameliorated the tubulointerstitial injury. Electron microscopy captured pericyte detachment in the congestive kidneys. Transgelin and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, as indicators of pericyte-myofibroblast transition, were upregulated in the pericytes and the adjacent interstitium. With the compression of the peritubular capillaries and tubules, hypoxia and physical stress induce pericyte detachment, which could result in extracellular matrix expansion and tubular injury in renal congestion.
Apparent strength versus universality in glasses of soft compressible colloids
Authors: Higler Ruben , Sprakel Joris
Published: November 2018

Microgel colloids, solvent swollen hydrogel particles of microscopic size, are in osmotic equilibrium with their surroundings. This has a profound effect on the behaviour of dense solutions of these polymeric colloids, most notably their ability to swell and deswell depending on the osmotic pressure of the system as a whole. Here we develop a minimal simulation model to treat this intrinsic volume regulation in order to explore the effects this has on the properties of dense solutions close to a liquid-solid transition. We demonstrate how the softness dependent volume regulation of particles gives rise to an apparent change in the fragility of the colloidal glass transition, which can be scaled out through the use of an adjusted volume fraction that accounts for changes in particle size. Moreover, we show how the same model can be used to explain the selective deswelling of soft microgels in a crystalline matrix of harder particles leading to robust crystals free of defects. Our results not only highlight the non-trivial effects of osmotic regulation in governing the apparent physics of microgel suspensions, but also provides a platform to efficiently account for particle deswelling in simulations.
Long-term use of a neural prosthesis in progressive paralysis
Authors: Okahara Yoji , Takano Kouji , Nagao Masahiro , Kondo Kiyohiko , Iwadate Yasuo , Birbaumer Niels , Kansaku Kenji
Published: November 2018

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication with others and allow machines or computers to be controlled in the absence of motor activity. Clinical studies evaluating neural prostheses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have been performed; however, to date, no study has reported that ALS patients who progressed from locked-in syndrome (LIS), which has very limited voluntary movement, to a completely locked-in state (CLIS), characterized by complete loss of voluntary movements, were able to continue controlling neural prostheses. To clarify this, we used a BCI system to evaluate three late-stage ALS patients over 27 months. We employed steady-state visual evoked brain potentials elicited by flickering green and blue light-emitting diodes to control the BCI system. All participants reliably controlled the system throughout the entire period (median accuracy: 83.3%). One patient who progressed to CLIS was able to continue operating the system with high accuracy. Furthermore, this patient successfully used the system to respond to yes/no questions. Thus, this CLIS patient was able to operate a neuroprosthetic device, suggesting that the BCI system confers advantages for patients with severe paralysis, including those exhibiting complete loss of muscle movement.
A laser-induced fluorescent detector for pesticide residue detection based on the spectral recognition method
Authors: Zhao Shixian , Lei Jincan , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun , Yang Ping , Huang Jing , Luo Xiaogang
Published: November 2018

In the present study, a laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) detector was developed for pesticide residue detection based on a microfluidic-based fluorescent sensor array (MFSA).
Application of Box–Behnken design in the optimization of a simple graphene oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite-based pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction for the determination of Rhodamine B and Malachite green in seawater samples by spectrophotometry
Authors: Hashemi Sayyed Hossein , Kaykhaii Massoud , Keikha Ahmad Jamali , Parkaz Asmeh
Published: November 2018

A graphene oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite was applied for pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from seawater samples followed by spectrophotometry.
Micropore blocked core–shell ZSM-22 designed via epitaxial growth with enhanced shape selectivity and high n-dodecane hydroisomerization performance
Authors: Niu Pengyu , Xi Hongjuan , Ren Jun , Lin Minggui , Wang Qiang , Chen Xiaoyan , Wang Pengfei , Jia Litao , Hou Bo , Li Debao
Published: November 2018

Core–shell ZSM-22 designed via epitaxy and modified via micropore blockage exhibits high n-dodecane hydroisomerization performance.
Ag–Cu oxide nanoparticles with high oxidation states: towards new high Tc materials
Authors: Tchaplyguine Maxim , Zhang Chaofan , Andersson Tomas , Björneholm Olle
Published: November 2018

Ag–Cu oxide nanoparticles containing Cu and Ag in high oxidation states actual for superconductivity have been fabricated.
Design and synthesis of DNA-intercalative naphthalimide-benzothiazole/cinnamide derivatives: cytotoxicity evaluation and topoisomerase-IIα inhibition
Authors: Sankara Rao N. , Nagesh Narayana , Lakshma Nayak V. , Sunkari Satish , Tokala Ramya , Kiranmai Gaddam , Regur Phanindranath , Shankaraiah Nagula , Kamal Ahmed
Published: November 2018

A new series of different naphthalimide-benzothiazole/cinnamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity on selected human cancer cell lines.
Influence of morphology on the blinking mechanisms and the excitonic fine structure of single colloidal nanoplatelets
Authors: Hu Zhongjian , Singh Ajay , Goupalov Serguei V. , Hollingsworth Jennifer A. , Htoon Han
Published: November 2018

Photoluminescence spectroscopy of single CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets reveals that shell morphology strongly affects the blinking mechanisms and the fine electronic structure splitting.
Dye-embedded YAG:Ce3+@SiO2composite phosphors toward warm wLEDs through radiative energy transfer: preparation, characterization and luminescence properties
Authors: Pan Guo-Hui , Wu Huajun , He Shuai , Zhang Liangliang , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Xia , Zhang Jiahua
Published: November 2018

Surface SiO2coating and simultaneous dye embedding in micro/nano-YAG:Ce3+phosphors toward Ce3+spectral profile tailoring through radiative energy transfer is demonstrated.
Construction of uniform Co–Sn–X (X = S, Se, Te) nanocages with enhanced photovoltaic and oxygen evolution properties via anion exchange reaction
Authors: He Qian , Li Shuolin , Huang Shaowei , Xiao Longqiang , Hou Linxi
Published: November 2018

Co–Sn–X (X = S, Se, Te) nanocages have been synthesized as highly efficient electrocatalysts for DSSCs and OER.
Sequence-controlled ethylene/styrene copolymerization catalyzed by scandium complexes
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Lingfang , Wu Chunji , Cui Dongmei
Published: November 2018

Sequence controlled E/St copolymerization was achieved by tuning the electrophilicity of scandium center and the steric around it, isolating multi-block, random, “pseudo random” and alternating E/St copolymers.
Integration of metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization and organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization through a bifunctional initiator
Authors: Lu Pengtao , Boydston Andrew J.
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate the first integration of metal-free ROMP and organocatalyzed ROP to provide entirely metal-free syntheses of block copolymers.
Evolution of diverse higher-order membrane structures of block copolymer vesicles
Authors: Hu Yu , Chen Yongming , Du Jianzhong
Published: November 2018

An evolutionary route to polymer vesicles with diverse higher-order membrane structures has been discovered.
l-Proline catalyzed one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted pyridine system incorporating benzothiazole moietyviasustainable sonochemical approach
Authors: Ibrahim Hamada Mohamed , Ahmed Arafa Wael Abdelgayed , Behbehani Haider
Published: November 2018

Thel-proline catalyzed ultrasonic-mediated synthesis of polysubstituted pyridone derivatives through the reaction ofN-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-cyanoacetamides with an assortment of arylidenes has demonstrated as an efficient protocol.
Enhanced upconversion fluorescent probe of single NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Zn2+ nanoparticles for copper ion detection
Authors: Zhang Baobao , Meng Jiajia , Mi Xiaohu , Zhang Changjian , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong
Published: November 2018

Single-particle fluorescent probe for copper ion detection based on fluorescence quenching.
Synthesis of novel cyclodextrin-modified reduced graphene oxide composites by a simple hydrothermal method
Authors: Huang Qingli , Li MingYan , Wang LiLi , Yuan Honghua , Wang Meng , Wu Yongping , Li Ting
Published: November 2018

The rGO@CD@PEG@FA nanocomposite showed the stimulative effect of heat, pH response, and sustained drug release for cancer therapy
Proton conductive ionic liquid crystalline poly(ethyleneimine) polymers functionalized with oxadiazole
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Hernández-Ainsa Silvia , Barberá Joaquín , Romero Pilar , Serrano José Luis , Marcos Mercedes
Published: November 2018

Two novel series of ionic liquid crystal polymers that display proton conductive properties are presented here.
Tuning the collapse transition of weakly charged polymers by ion-specific screening and adsorption
Authors: Chudoba Richard , Heyda Jan , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: November 2018

We present a qualitative study of diverse ion-specific effects of various salts within the Hofmeister series on the critical solution temperature of thermoresponsive polymers, employing a minimalistic implicit-solvent/explicit-salt simulation model and a mean-field theory.
Propofol adsorption at the air/water interface: a combined vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron reflectometry study
Authors: Niga Petru , Hansson-Mille Petra M. , Swerin Agne , Claesson Per M. , Schoelkopf Joachim , Gane Patrick A. C. , Dai Jing , Furó István , Campbell Richard A. , Johnson C. Magnus
Published: November 2018

Propofol adsorbs at the water interface forming a dense film, sitting tilted and oriented with the OH-group towards the water.
Intermolecular structural correlations in model globular and unconcatenated ring polymer liquids
Authors: Dell Zachary E. , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: November 2018

We employ the field theoretic polymer integral equation theory to construct a segment-level theory for the pair structure and thermodynamics of dense liquids of simple globule and ring polymers. We find that the partially interpenetrating behavior of rings is reflected in a deeper correlation hole and in a limited number of neighbors, in stark contrast to chains.
Investigating the effect of supramolecular gel phase crystallization on gel nucleation
Authors: Dawn Arnab , Mirzamani Marzieh , Jones Christopher D. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Qian Shuo , Steed Jonathan W. , Kumari Harshita
Published: November 2018

A SANS study reveals that the presence of a drug solute can give rise to significant changes in gel strength and structure in a gel phase crystallization.
Efficient oxygen storage property of Sr–Fe mixed oxide as automotive catalyst support
Authors: Beppu Kosuke , Hosokawa Saburo , Asakura Hiroyuki , Teramura Kentaro , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: November 2018

Pd/Sr3(Fe0.8Ni0.2)2O7−δ showed a high catalytic activity for NO reduction under a wide range of oxygen concentrations due to the excellent oxygen storage capacity.
MIC for reliable and efficient harvesting of solar energy
Authors: Hema Chander Allamsetty , Kumar Lalit
Published: November 2018

In this study, a multi‐input converter (MIC)‐based module‐level approach for harvesting maximum power in a photovoltaic system during partial shading is proposed. The MIC topology has a dedicated switch in series with each module to operate it at its maximum power point (MPP). Each module is independent of the other and achieves their respective MPP's under respective operating conditions. The MIC topology can also withstand open‐circuit and module mismatch conditions. The proposed system offers simplicity in design, flexibility in control and reliability in operation with low‐component count (number of switches and passive elements) consequently reduces the size, cost and complexity of the system. The complete system is comprehensively analysed for a standalone system under randomly selected conditions and is validated both by simulation studies in the MATLAB environment and exhaustive experimental studies on a laboratory prototype.
Application of a new UV curable adhesive for rapid bonding in thermoplastic‐based microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Gao Kexin , Fan Yiqiang
Published: November 2018

This study proposed a rapid and reliable approach for the bonding of thermoplastic‐based microfluidics with a new, low‐cost, low toxic, and transparent ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive as the intermediate layer between thermoplastic plates. After laser fabrication of microchannels on the surface of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate, the UV curable adhesive layer is applied between the substrate and cover plate; a flushing process is then conducted for the removal of the adhesive residuals inside the microchannel. Finally, a UV exposure with the wavelength of 365 nm is applied for the crosslinking of adhesives to finish the bonding process. Several microfluidic devices were fabricated and tested for the demonstration of the proposed technique, and the bonding strength was carefully measured with different UV exposure duration. The characteristics of the contact angle and UV–visible spectroscopy of the UV adhesive coated surface are also provided in this study. In addition, a simple biocompatibility test of the UV curable adhesive‐coated polymer surface is also conducted in this research to confirm the low toxicity of the adhesive layer. The proposed bonding techniques are broadly applicable to achieve a rapid, low‐cost, optically clear, and low toxic bonding for thermoplastic‐based microfluidics.
Les extractions à visée orthodontique ont-elles une influence sur le profil cutané ?
Authors: Dallel I. , Megdiche A. , Ghedira Y. , Tobji S. , Ben Amor A.
Published: November 2018

Les traitements orthodontiques peuvent avoir une répercussion sur les tissus mous et plus particulièrement sur le profil cutané. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer les modifications des tissus mous du profil esthétique des patients suite au traitement orthodontique avec et sans extraction.

Matériels et méthodes: Notre étude a porté sur 90 patients sélectionnés d'une façon randomisée au sein du service d'orthopédie dentofaciale de Monastir (Tunisie). Les téléradiographies de profil de début et de fin de traitement orthodontique ont été comparées en utilisant comme axes de référence le plan SN-7° et le plan orthogonal à SN-7° passant par le point S (POSN- 7°). Le test de Student a permis d'évaluer les variations des mesures céphalométriques. Le test de Pearson a été utilisé pour étudier la corrélation entre les déplacements horizontaux des incisives et ces modifications profilaires.

Résultats: Nous avons noté un recul significatif du labral supérieur (LS) (p=0.049) et du labral inférieur (Li) (p=0.048) ainsi qu'une ouverture significative de l'angle labio-mentonnier (p=0.025) chez les patients traités avec extractions des prémolaires. Une corrélation positive entre les déplacements des incisives et la réduction de la protrusion labiale a été mise en évidence.

Conclusion: les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les déplacements des incisives consécutifs aux extractions, peuvent avoir des effets tangibles sur le profil cutané. Nous suggérons de pousser l'investigation pour pouvoir éclaircir la relation entre le mouvement dentaire et les tissus mous.
Traiter un dysfonctionnement lingual : rééducation à l'usage des prescripteurs
Authors: Gil H. , Fougeront N.
Published: November 2018

Une fonction linguale immature dite aussi déglutition dysfonctionnelle ou atypique concerne de nombreux domaines de la dentisterie (odontologie pédiatrique, orthodontie, gestion des dysfonctionnements de l'appareil manducateur, parodontologie,...). Il y a cinquante ans, Mme Maryvonne Fournier a mis au point une technique de rééducation de la langue. Étant donné les difficultés pour trouver un rééducateur compétent dans cette thérapeutique, le but de cet article est de décrire cette technique afin que les non-rééducateurs puissent l'initier et l'enseigner à leurs patients au moins pour les cas simples. Elle comprend la correction de l'immaturité linguale, de la position de repos de la langue, de la déglutition et de la phonation. Ces changements pourraient impliquer des modifications neuroplastiques adaptatives au niveau du cortex cérébral. En effet ces dernières années des études ont démontré chez l'Homme que des exercices standardisés et calibrés d'élévation ou de propulsion de la langue s'accompagnaient de telles modifications au sein du cortex moteur de la langue.
Effet indésirable des fils de contention collés : le « syndrome du fil » : observations, théories, conséquences cliniques : 2e partie
Authors: Roussarie F. , Douady G.
Published: November 2018

Parfois les dents se déplacent alors qu'elles semblent parfaitement stabilisées par un fil de contention, nous avions appelé ce phénomène le « syndrome du fil ».

Ce phénomène a été décrit dans toutes ses formes, aussi bien à la mandibule qu'au maxillaire dans la partie I de cet article. La littérature ne propose actuellement aucune explication mécanique pour ce phénomène. Après analyse de documents photographiques, provenant de confrères spécialistes et de notre cabinet, nous avons élaboré une théorie permettant d'expliquer la partie mécanique.

Nous évoquons deux familles d'hypothèses, non excluantes, qui peuvent se combiner.

La première hypothèse dite « intrinsèque » recense toutes les erreurs de procédures aboutissant à la pose d'un fil collé « actif ». Le fil est alors responsable des mouvements. Il agit comme un appareil orthodontique directement collé sur les dents.

La seconde hypothèse dite « extrinsèque » montre qu'une dent, collée par l'intermédiaire d'un plot de résine à un fil parfaitement passif, peut tourner si la liaison fil/colle se rompt et qu'il est soumis à une force.

La connaissance des conséquences cliniques qui en découlent permettra de lutter efficacement contre ce phénomène.
Meilensteine der Schilddrüsenchirurgie
Authors: Mahanty Mark , Koscielny Sven , Koscielny Arne
Published: November 2018

In der hier vorgelegten Darstellung der Entwicklung der Schilddrüsenchirurgie hin
zu einer sicheren Chirurgie, die auf dem aktuellen chirurgischen und
medizinhistorischen Forschungsstand und der verfügbaren einschlägigen Literatur
basiert, wird die Entwicklungskontinuität hin zu den minimalinvasiven
Operationsverfahren, die den dank der historischen Entwicklung erreichten hohen
Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen müssen, erstmals im
medizingeschichtlichen Kontext interpretiert. Das zunehmende Verständnis der
Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse und der perioperativen Folgen und Komplikationen,
die zu neuen medizinischen und therapeutischen Erkenntnissen führten, wird somit
erstmals auch in diesem Kontext interpretiert.

Zur Verbesserung des Patientenkomforts im Hinblick auf die Operationswunde und
spätere Narbenbildung werden seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts immer wieder neue
minimalinvasive Operationsmethoden beschrieben, die sich durch die
Zugangsmodalitäten und -wege unterscheiden. Zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen der
operativen Zugangswege und Methoden müssen dem heutigen hohen Stand der
chirurgischen und nuklearmedizinischen Therapie und ihren Qualitäts- und
Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen.
DDA-Zertifikate: „Psoriasis“
Authors: Augustin M. , Maaßen D.
Published: November 2018

Das DDA-Zertifikat „Psoriasis“ wird nach Absolvierung eines Curriculums von 16 Stunden sowie dem Nachweis einer Befähigung zur topischen und zur Systemtherapie verliehen. Eine Übergangsregelung wurde nach Einführung getroffen. Die Versorgungsqualität durch Dermatologen mit hoher Kompetenz in Systemtherapie wurde in zahlreichen Versorgungsstudien gezeigt. Das Zertifikat erleichtert die Identifizierung von Ärzten mit hinreichender Expertise in der leitlinienkonformen Systemtherapie der Psoriasis. Es stellt die Basis für die aktuellen Versorgungsverträge in Deutschland dar und positioniert die Dermatologie als innovatives Fach mit einer hochentwickelten Arzneimitteltherapie.
Betreuung der Patientin während eines Notfallkaiserschnittes – Evaluation von Qualitätsmerkmalen aus Patientensicht
Authors: Flentje Markus , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Achenbach Johannes , Eismann Hendrik
Published: November 2018

Hintergrund Für die werdende Mutter bedeutet ein Notfallkaiserschnitt eine belastende Situation. Angst um das eigene Leben und um das Leben des Kindes sind ein traumatisches Ereignis, das in der Entwicklung eines posttraumatischen Stress-Syndroms münden kann. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Faktoren und Items zu entwickeln, die die Qualität der Betreuung der werdenden Mutter bei einem Notfallkaiserschnitt beschreiben.

Methodik Die Erarbeitung eines Kriterienkataloges erfolgte über ein 2-stufiges Verfahren mittels web-basierter Fragebögen: nach einer Delphi-Befragung mit Frauen, die einen Notfallkaiserschnitt erlebt haben, wurden die Parameter in einem großen Kollektiv hinsichtlich Relevanz validiert. Anschließend wurden Faktoren identifiziert, die gemeinsame Skalen bildeten.

Ergebnisse Nach Validierung der Ergebnisse der Delphi-Analyse ergeben sich 5 Skalen mit 18 Items. Sie umfassten die Bereiche „Außenwirkung des Teams“, Informationsstand der Mutter“, „Subjektive Bewertung“ „Persönliche Integrität“ und „Nachsorge“. Die Items können 58,2% der Gesamtvarianz aufklären und entsprechen einer stabilen Faktorenlösung (KMO 0,76).

Schlussfolgerungen Erstmals wurde im deutschsprachigen Raum ein Katalog für die Betreuung der werdenden Mutter bei einem Notfallkaiserschnitt entwickelt. Der Katalog kann ergänzend zu dem medizinischen Outcome als Qualitätsmessinstrument genutzt werden. Weitere Arbeiten müssen sich mit der Anwendung des Kataloges in der Praxis und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Patientenversorgung beschäftigen.
Serum Vitamin D Binding Protein Level Associated with Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Kuliczkowska-Plaksej Justyna , Pasquali Renato , Milewicz Andrzej , Lwow Felicja , Jedrzejuk Diana , Bolanowski Marek
Published: November 2018

The objective of the study was to measure the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and assess their relationships with cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A group of 267 women, aged 20–35 years (24.7 ± 4.9): 167 with PCOS and 100 healthy women were divided according to body mass index. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were measured. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated using the mathematical equations. The percentage of body fat and visceral fat deposit were assessed by DXA. In the normal weight control group total, free, bioavailable 25(OH)D (p<0.001 for all) were significantly higher than in its overweight/obese counterpart, while VDBP levels were comparable. In PCOS women total 25(OH)D (p<0.001), and VDBP (p –0.006) were lower in the overweight/obese subgroups than in the normal weight ones. In both groups serum VDBP levels correlated negatively with serum insulin and positively with sex hormone binding globulin. In PCOS group, in contrast to control group, VDPB was negatively correlated with abdominal fat deposit, BMI, fasting glucose and positively with HDL. Despite lower total 25(OH)D in obese PCOS women, all women with PCOS (lean and obese) had comparable free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, which might be a result of concomitantly lowered serum VDBP levels in obese PCOS women. VDBP might play important role in the regulation of availability of active fractions of 25(OH)D in PCOS women. VDBP seems to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, and fasting serum insulin in women with PCOS.
Morphology dependence of low temperatures exchange bias Co/CoO core-shell nanoparticles/spheres by eco-friendly solvothermal route
Authors: Guo Beibei , Xu Yanling , Zhou Shaomin
Published: November 2018

The present work reports the magnetic effect of particle shape and magnetic property in a Co/CoO core-shell exchange bias system. Co/CoO core-shell nanoparticles/spheres (NPSs) of different sizes including spherical and octahedral morphologies were prepared by the decomposition of cobalt acetate under eco-friendly solvothermal conditions. Spherical and octahedral Co/CoO NPSs all display superparamagnetism at room temperature due to the superparamagnetic critical size of cobalt. And it can be seen in hysteresis loop patterns that the saturation magnetization (MS) values of the Co/CoO NPSs are 100.6, 76.1, and 75.9 emu/g, whose diameters are about 16, 200 and 300 nm, respectively. In addition, all of spherical Co/CoO NPSs reveal exchange bias field at low temperature, whereas octahedral ones disappear because excessive PVP inhibits the formation of exchange coupling interface between ferromagnetic Co and antiferromagnetic CoO. These results were only observed after field cooling at 5 T.
Why has Phragmites australis persisted in the increasingly saline Gippsland Lakes? A test of three competing hypotheses
Authors: Boon Paul I. , Frood Doug , Oates Alison , Reside Jim , Rosengren Neville
Published: November 2018

Common reed Phragmites australis is the dominant vascular plant species of the shorelines of the Gippsland Lakes, south-eastern Australia. Although substantial declines have been reported for over 50 years, with increasing salinity posited as the cause, P. australis still occurs around the Gippsland Lakes, including in environments with near-oceanic salinities. The occurrence of P. australis in highly saline environments cannot be explained in terms of either seasonal variations in surface water salinity or a freshwater subsidy provided by intrusions of non-saline groundwater into the root zone. An experimental growth trial with plants of different provenance showed that P. australis grew vigorously even at 8–16PSU (with maximum aboveground biomass at 2–4PSU). There was some evidence that specimens from saltier sites were more salt tolerant than those from fresher sites. The selection of salt-tolerant strains is the most likely explanation for the occurrence of P. australis in saline sites. However, anthropogenic salinisation is unlikely to be the only factor involved in the historical loss of reed beds, and lower and more stable water levels following the permanent opening of the Gippsland Lakes to the ocean in 1889 are probably also contributing factors.
Emergence of phytoplankton patchiness at small scales in mild turbulence
Authors: Breier Rebekka E. , Lalescu Cristian C. , Waas Devin , Wilczek Michael , Mazza Marco G.
Published: November 2018

Significance

Recent observations found that swimming phytoplankton species have a patchy spatial distribution down to the millimeter scale in oceans and lakes. This is rather surprising because it goes against the intuitive expectation that the turbulent flow mixes the microorganisms and spreads them rather homogeneously. Here, we identify the relevant scales that rationalize the observation of patchiness. We find that a mild turbulent field can lead to the formation of small dense patches of motile cells when the typical scales of the turbulence roughly match the scales of the interaction among microorganisms, which is mediated by hydrodynamics.
More than just exosomes: distinct Leishmania infantum extracellular products potentiate the establishment of infection
Authors: Pérez‐Cabezas Begoña , Santarém Nuno , Cecílio Pedro , Silva Cátia , Silvestre Ricardo , A. M. Catita José , Cordeiro da Silva Anabela
Published: November 2018

The use of secretion pathways for effector molecule delivery by microorganisms is a trademark of pathogenesis. Leishmania extracellular vesicles (EVs) were shown to have significant immunomodulatory potential. Still, they will act in conjunction with other released parasite‐derived products that might modify the EVs effects. Notwithstanding, the immunomodulatory properties of these non‐vesicular components and their influence in the infectious process remains unknown. To address this, we explored both in vitro and in vivo the immunomodulatory potential of promastigotes extracellular material (EXO), obtained as a whole or separated in two different fractions: EVs or vesicle depleted EXO (VDE). Using an air pouch model, we observed that EVs and VDE induced a dose‐dependent cell recruitment profile different from the one obtained with parasites, attracting significantly fewer neutrophils and more dendritic cells (DCs). Additionally, when we co‐inoculated parasites with extracellular products a drop in cell recruitment was observed. Moreover, in vitro, while VDE (but not EVs) downregulated the expression of DCs and macrophages activation markers, both products were able to diminish the responsiveness of these cells to LPS. Finally, the presence of Leishmania infantum extracellular products in the inoculum promoted a dose‐dependent infection potentiation in vivo, highlighting their relevance for the infectious process. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that EVs are not the only relevant players among the parasite exogenous products. This, together with the dose‐dependency observed, opens new avenues to the comprehension of Leishmania infectious process. The approach presented here should be exploited to revisit existing data and considered for future studies in other infection models.
Influence of Replacement Level of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Fracture Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Wu Kaiyun , Luo Surong
Published: November 2018

recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregate was one of the effective ways to reuse the construction and demolition waste. Due to the weak complex interface transition zone of recycled aggregate concrete, the defect had great effect on the bearing capacity and durability of recycled aggregate concrete. The fracture performance of recycled aggregate concrete was studied, which was of great practical significance and engineering value. The wedge splitting test of 200mm × 200mm × 230mm specimens was carried out using the fatigue testing machine (MTS). The elastic modulus of the specimens were measured and calculated by strain gauge and dynamic resistance strain gauge, and the elastic modulus was about 4GPa lower than that of standard test. Based on double-K fracture model of recycled aggregate concrete, the crack initiation fracture toughness and the unstable fracture toughness was obtained. The test results show that the replacement level of recycled aggregate is not obvious to the crack initiation fracture toughness, and the unstable fracture toughness is lower than that of natural concrete. Using the exponential function to fit the tail of the PH-COMD curve of the wedge splitting test, it is found that the fracture energy of the recycled aggregate concrete is not reduced with the increase of the replacement level of the recycled aggregate.
Influence of Metakaolin on Chemical Resistance of Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Devi S C , Khan R A , Rautela B S
Published: November 2018

The study on cementless concrete is one of the most trending topics in the construction industry. This paper will give an inclusive on the effect of metakaolin on developing a low calcium fly ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete (GPC). Nine mixes were prepared with 30% and 50% replacement of low calcium FA with metakaolin, and molarity (8M, 12M and 16M) of alkaline activator (NaOH). Experiments were conducted on weight loss, residual compressive strength and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the GPC mixes. The experimental results indicated that workability of the mixes reduces with increasing percentage of metakaolin in comparison to the controlled GPC mix (100% low calcium FA). The compressive and tensile strength of geopolymer concrete mix with increasing molarity of NaOH solution and 30 - 50% replacement of fly ash with metakaolin was observed to be enhanced by 10 - 12% and 28 - 34% at 28 and 90 days respectively. The acid resistance values in terms of weight loss, compressive strength and quality of the specimens with 50% metakaolin substitution cured in H2SO4 solution for 56 days with different molarity was higher as compare to the control mixes. Thus, presence of metakaolin in the low calcium based GPC helps in resisting the aggressive chemical ingress in the concrete.
Polynomial approximation and composition operators
Authors: Cao Guangfu , He Li , Zhu Kehe
Published: November 2018

We study the relationship between polynomial approximations in the Bergman space of certain simply connected domains in the complex plane and composition operators on the Dirichlet space of the unit disk. In particular, we characterize when a composition operator on the Dirichlet space has dense range, which settles a problem posed by Joseph Cima in 1976.
Nonhomogeneous analytic families of trees
Authors: Hirschorn James
Published: November 2018

We consider a dichotomy for analytic families of subtrees of a treeT\mathbb {T}stating that either there is a colouring of the nodes ofT\mathbb {T}for which all but finitely many levels of every tree in the family are nonhomogeneous or else the family contains an uncountable antichain. This dichotomy implies that every nontrivial Souslin poset satisfying the countable chain condition adds a splitting real.

We then reduce the dichotomy to a conjecture of Sperner theory. This conjecture concerns the asymptotic behaviour of the product of the sizes of themm-shades of pairs of cross-tt-intersecting families.
Embeddability on functions: Order and chaos
Authors: Carroy Raphaël , Pequignot Yann , Vidnyánszky Zoltán
Published: November 2018

We study the quasi-order of topological embeddability on definable functions between Polish

0
0

-dimensional spaces.

We consider the descriptive complexity of this quasi-order restricted to the space of continuous functions. Our main result is the following dichotomy: the embeddability quasi-order restricted to continuous functions from a given compact space to another is either an analytic complete quasi-order or a well-quasi-order.

We also investigate the existence of maximal elements with respect to embeddability in a given Baire class. We prove that no Baire class admits a maximal element, except for the class of continuous functions which admits a maximum element.
Asymptotic expansions of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariants of mapping tori I
Authors: Andersen Jørgen , Petersen William
Published: November 2018

In this paper we engage in a general study of the asymptotic expansion of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariants of mapping tori of surface mapping class group elements. We use the geometric construction of the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev topological quantum field theory via the geometric quantization of moduli spaces of flat connections on surfaces. We identify assumptions on the mapping class group elements that allow us to provide a full asymptotic expansion. In particular, we show that our results apply to all pseudo-Anosov mapping classes on a punctured torus and show by example that our assumptions on the mapping class group elements are strictly weaker than hitherto successfully considered assumptions in this context. The proof of our main theorem relies on our new results regarding asymptotic expansions of oscillatory integrals, which allows us to go significantly beyond the standard transversely cut out assumption on the fixed point set. This makes use of the Picard–Lefschetz theory for Laplace integrals.
Protective Effects of Ghrelin on Fasting-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Mice
Authors: Wu Chia-Shan , Wei Qiong , Wang Hongying , Kim Da Mi , Balderas Miriam , Wu Guoyao , Lawler John , Safe Stephen , Guo Shaodong , Devaraj Sridevi , Chen Zheng , Sun Yuxiang
Published: November 2018

Sarcopenia is the aging-associated progressive loss of skeletal muscle; however, the pathogenic mechanism of sarcopenia is not clear. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity. Here we showed that fasting-induced muscle loss was exacerbated in old ghrelin-null (Ghrl–/–) mice, exhibiting decreased expression of myogenic regulator MyoD and increased expression of protein degradation marker MuRF1, as well as altered mitochondrial function. Moreover, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments significantly increased mitochondrial respiration capacity in muscle C2C12 cells. Consistently, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments effectively increased myogenic genes and decreased degradation genes in the muscle in fasted old Ghrl–/– mice, possibly by stimulating insulin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, Ghrl–/– mice showed a profile of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota, exhibiting reduced butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and ClostridiumXIVb. Collectively, our results showed that ghrelin has a major role in the maintenance of aging muscle via both muscle-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin enhanced muscle anabolism and exerted protective effects for muscle atrophy. Because unacylated ghrelin is devoid of the obesogenic side effect seen with acylated ghrelin, it represents an attractive therapeutic option for sarcopenia.
The Opera-Telephone in Munich
Authors: Neumann Sonja
Published: November 2018

Through a cultural-historical analysis, the chapter portrays the Opera-Telephone in Munich as a special means of listening and explores its technical, social, economic, and psychological aspects. These aspects strongly reflect the reciprocal relation of technical innovation and listening to music, for example, by emphasizing the meaning of live broadcasting for listening habits and by highlighting the impact of headphone use on aural perception. The latter practice enables the transfer of the multidimensional opera event into a pure listening experience as the visual element is eliminated. The Opera-Telephone also serves to illustrate matters of social status in regard to private and public listening. In this way, opera was incorporated into the marketing of modern technical products.
Experiencing High Fidelity
Authors: Volmar Axel
Published: November 2018

This chapter focuses on the shifting conceptions of how to listen to music in the age of sound recording. I start with reviewing Adorno’s concerns regarding a regression of listening and contrast these with new listening practices in the first half of the twentieth century. I show, then, how hi-fi enthusiasts in the Cold War era linked ideals of sophisticated music listening to recorded music and technical expertise. While the self-image of the cultivated yet technologically aware domestic listener greatly revalued the experience of skillful music listening, I show how societal change rendered normative ideals of listening increasingly unattractive late in the century. Relying on recent sound studies research and various historical sources, I offer a critical discussion of conceptions of skillful music listening and put this debate in the context of shifting self-conceptions among the middle classes as well as the power struggles this section of society faced.
Listening as a Practice of Everyday Life
Authors: Gregor Neil
Published: November 2018

Why, and how, did Germans listen to symphonic music during the Second World War? This chapter focuses on wartime Munich, where there was a strong increase in performances owing to expanded demand by listeners. Most work on concert-hall life in this period echoes clichéd claims regarding the relation between culture and barbarism; this chapter seeks instead to explore the everydayness of the practice, which embodied a social habit that remained fundamentally unchanged from before the war and continued unchanged after it. One might speak in this context of the “regime of listening” that governed behavioral norms in the Western concert hall more generally. In this sense, the chapter argues that it is easier to make sense of how and why Germans listened to music during the war if we worry less about their nationality and concentrate more on the connection of this phenomenon to sensory cultures in the period more broadly.
Turning Liebhaber into Kenner
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan
Published: November 2018

Johann Nikolaus Forkel’s Ueber die Theorie der Musik (1777) is one of the earliest music guides aimed specifically at listeners. Nature, he argues, is not the best guide for listening; only a thorough knowledge of the elements of music will help music lovers understand what they hear. Forkel promises to elevate amateurs to the level of connoisseurs. An unpublished manuscript of Forkel’s university lectures based on Ueber die Theorie der Musik allows us to reconstruct his vision of the ideal listener in greater detail. These lectures advocate a fundamental shift in the relationship between the listener and the musical work. Forkel speaks repeatedly of the demands made by music on its audiences and the listener’s responsibility to understand the work. The idea that a concert audience member might have a responsibility to develop a skill that can be refined and developed marks the beginning of a new and fundamentally modern attitude toward the art of listening.
Sleep–Wake Disorders
Authors: Rigney Gabrielle , Isaacs Jason , Weiss Shelly , Shea Sarah , Corkum Penny
Published: November 2018

Sleep is important for children’s physical, cognitive, and social functioning. The most common sleep disorder contributing to inadequate sleep and daytime impairments in pediatric populations is insomnia. There are both biological and behavioral factors that can contribute to insomnia; therefore, understanding sleep processes, how sleep changes throughout development, and which common behaviors influence sleep is important. Measurement of sleep through both objective and subjective measures plays an important role in the identification, diagnosis, and intervention of insomnia. First-line treatment for insomnia includes psychoeducation, healthy sleep practices, and behavioral and cognitive strategies. Children with special needs are at especially high risk for sleep problems, and treatment of insomnia in these populations should aim to minimize sleep disturbances without increasing other comorbid symptoms. Moving forward, healthcare professionals require access to more comprehensive education on pediatric sleep, and greater public awareness of the importance of sleep and health is needed.
Development and Psychopathology
Authors: Hayden Elizabeth P. , Durbin C. Emily
Published: November 2018

The developmental psychopathology perspective, which can be understood as both a conceptual approach and a scientific discipline, aims to integrate the historically distinct domains of child development and psychopathology toward the goal of advancing the understanding of children’s adaptation and maladaptation. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts and methodologies that characterize the discipline, drawing heavily on seminal early work on the topic; these key concepts and methodologies are integrated with a consideration of current trends and concepts in the field. The current state of the field is summarized and outstanding issues that merit further conceptual consideration and research attention are highlighted.
Electronic Communication, Telehealth, and Social Media
Authors: Khanna Muniya S. , Chou Tommy
Published: November 2018

Explosive growth of communication technologies and increased ubiquity of Internet access in both urban and rural communities and particularly in youth have occurred. Coupled with concerns regarding limitations to traditional service provision models, researchers and practitioners are looking to affordable, acceptable technologies to expand the reach of evidence-based care and reduce barriers to intervention and unmet need in areas with few providers. This chapter describes the present literature on use of video teleconferencing, web-based programs, social media, and smartphone apps to enhance mental health intervention delivery, psychiatric assessment, and training and supervision. The strengths of the various delivery methods are discussed for providing empirically supported mental healthcare, focusing on implications related to science and practice with children and families. Outlined also are current limitations, risks, and challenges to technology-mediated services, including the significant gaps in the evidence base underlying these technologies and the legal, ethical, and safety issues that remain.
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychopathology and Treatment Action
Authors: Beauchaine Theodore P. , Zisner Aimee R. , Hayden Elizabeth P.
Published: November 2018

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that common forms of psychopathology derive from complex interactions among neurobiological vulnerabilities and environmental adversities. These interactions can alter neurobehavioral development to yield progressively intractable forms of psychopathology across childhood and adolescence. This chapter focuses on neurobiological mechanisms of trait impulsivity, trait anxiety, stress reactivity, and emotion regulation/executive function. How these traits confer vulnerability to externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders, heterotypic comorbidity, and heterotypic continuity is described. Next, neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response are considered. Trait impulsivity and trait anxiety are highly heritable and derive initially from subcortical structures that mature early in life. In contrast, emotion regulation and executive function, which modulate trait impulsivity and trait anxiety, are more sensitive to environmental influence and derive from cortical structures that mature into young adulthood. Neurobiological mechanisms of psychosocial treatment response are represented largely in the cortex and its neuromodulatory connections with the subcortex.