bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missing data interpolation and multi‐sensors integration and its application in accelerated degradation data
Authors: Wang Changxi , Wu Tong , Wang Ting , Li Kang
Published: May 2023

Multiple sensors are commonly used for accelerated degradation monitoring. Since different sensors may be sensitive at different stages of the accelerated degradation process and each sensor dataset may contain only partial information of the unit degradation, then integration approaches of the accelerated degradation data from multiple sensors can effectively improve degradation modeling and life prediction accuracy. We present a non‐parametric approach that assigns weights to each sensor based on the dynamic clustering of the sensors' observations. Missing data are common in degradation data acquisition, especially when multiple sensors are used. We provide two approaches for data interpolation: the nonlinear Brownian bridge and the inverse Gaussian bridge when the underlying degradation paths follow the Brownian motion process and inverse Gaussian process, respectively. The stochastic bridges capture the nonlinearity and uncertainties of the degradation processes. The data integration model and stochastic bridge models are validated with real accelerated fatigue crack growth data monitored with multiple NDT sensors. The proposed models provide an accurate accelerated degradation path and reliability prediction.
Generalized Rapid Synthesis of Supported Nanocluster Catalyst for Mild Hydrogenation of Phenol toward KA Oil
Authors: Wei Hehe , Shao Shengxian , Deng Bohan , Xue Yufeng , Chen Wenxing , Yin Linlin , Lin Yunxiang , Hussain Naveed , Wu Xiaodong , Ge Binghui , Zheng Fengbin , Li Guodong , Liu Li‐Min , Wu Hui
Published: May 2023

Homogeneous and nanometric metal clusters with unique electronic structures are promising for catalysis, however, common synthesis techniques for metal clusters suffer from large size and even metal nanocrystals attributing to their high surface energy and unsaturated configurations. Herein, a generalized rapid annealing strategy for synthesizing a series of supported metal clusters as superior catalysts is developed. Remarkably, TiO2 supported platinum nanoclusters (Pt NC/TiO2) exhibits the excellent catalytic activity to realize phenol hydrogenation under mild conditions. The complete phenol conversion rate and 100% selectivity toward KA oil are achieved in aqueous solution at room temperature and normal pressure. Semi‐continuous scale up production of KA oil is successfully performed under mild conditions. Such excellent performance mainly originates from the partial reconstruction of Pt NC/TiO2 in aqueous phenol solution. Considering that the phenol can be produced from lignin, this study underpins a facile, sustainable, and economical route to synthesize nylon from biomass.
A Novel Ultra‐Low Work Function TbFx for High Efficiency Dopant‐Free Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Huiqi , Meng Lanxiang , Liu Zongtao , Wang Wenxian , Chen Nuo , Hong Yang , Chen Yongjuan , Shen Hui , Liang Zongcun
Published: May 2023

The ability of carrier selective contact is mainly determined by the surface passivation and work function for dopant‐free materials applied in crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells, which have received considerable attention in recent years. In this contribution, a novel electron‐selective material, lanthanide terbium trifluoride (TbFx), with an ultra‐low work function of 2.4 eV characteristic, is presented, allowing a low contact resistivity (ρc) of ≈3 mΩ cm2. Additionally, the insertion of ultrathin passivated SiOx layer deposited by PECVD between TbFx and n‐Si resulted in ρc only increase slightly. SiOx/TbFx stack eliminated fermi pinning between aluminum and n‐type c‐Si (n‐Si), which further enhanced the electron selectivity of TbFx on full‐area contacts to n‐Si. Last, SiOx/TbFx/Al electron‐selective contacts significantly improves the open circuit voltage (Voc) for silicon solar cells, but rarely impacts the short circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), thus champion efficiency cell achieved approaching 22% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This study indicates a great potential for using lanthanide fluorides as electron‐selective material in photovoltaic devices.
η‐Carbides (Co, Mo, or W) Nanoparticles from Octacyanometalates Precursors‐Based Network
Authors: Blin Thomas , Girard Armelle , Fossard Frédéric , Guillou Nathalie , Catala Laure , Loiseau Annick , Huc Vincent
Published: May 2023

This paper describes a simple, two‐steps chemical pathway to obtain bimetallic carbide nanoparticles (NPs) of general formula MxM″yC, also called η‐carbides. This process allows for a control of the chemical composition of metals present in the carbides (M = Co and M″ = Mo or W). The first step involves the synthesis of a precursor consisting of a network of octacyanometalates. The second step consists in a thermal degradation of the previously obtained octacyanometalates networks under neutral atmosphere (Ar or N2). It is shown that this process results in the formation of carbide NPs with diameter of ≈ 5nm, and the stoichiometries Co3M’3C, Co6M’6C, Co2M’4C for the CsCoM’ systems.
Construction of pH‐Sensitive Nanovaccines Encapsulating Tumor Cell Lysates and Immune Adjuvants for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ding Yuan , Yang Jiali , Wei Huiye , Wang Jiachen , Huang Sicong , Yang Shuguang , Guo Yu , Li Bo , Shuai Xintao
Published: May 2023

The current immunotherapy strategies for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are greatly limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunization with cancer vaccines composed of tumor cell lysates (TCL) can induce an effective antitumor immune response. However, this approach also has the disadvantages of inefficient antigen delivery to the tumor tissues and the limited immune response elicited by single‐antigen vaccines. To overcome these limitations, a pH‐sensitive nanocalcium carbonate (CaCO3) carrier loaded with TCL and immune adjuvant CpG (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826) is herein constructed for TNBC immunotherapy. This tailor‐made nanovaccine, termed CaCO3@TCL/CpG, not only neutralizes the acidic TME through the consumption of lactate by CaCO3, which increases the proportion of the M1/M2 macrophages and promotes infiltration of effector immune cells but also activates the dendritic cells in the tumor tissues and recruits cytotoxic T cells to further kill the tumor cells. In vivo fluorescence imaging study shows that the pegylated nanovaccine could stay longer in the blood circulation and extravasate preferentially into tumor site. Besides, the nanovaccine exhibits high cytotoxicity in 4T1 cells and significantly inhibits tumor growth of tumor‐bearing mice. Overall, this pH‐sensitive nanovaccine is a promising nanoplatform for enhanced immunotherapy of TNBC.
Surface Reconstruction of Covellite CuS Nanocrystals for Enhanced OER Catalytic Performance in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhu Jiamin , Zi Shengjie , Zhang Nan , Hu Yang , An Li , Xi Pinxian
Published: May 2023

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the important half‐reactions in energy conversion equipment such as water‐spitting devices, rechargeable metal‐air batteries, and so on. It is beneficial to develop efficient and low‐cost catalysts that understand the reaction mechanism of OER and analyze the reconstruction phenomenon of transition metal sulfide. Interestingly, copper sulfide and cuprous sulfide with the same components possess different reconstruction behaviors due to their different metal ion valence states and different atomic arrangement modes. Because of a unique atomic arrangement sequence and certain cationic defects, the reconstruction phenomenon of CuS nanomaterials are that S2− is firstly oxidized to SO42− and then Cux+ is converted into CuO via Cu(OH)2. In addition, the specific “modified hourglass structure” of CuS with excellent conductivity is easier to produce intermediates. Compared with Cu2S, CuS exhibits excellent OER activity with a lower overpotential of 192 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable electrochemical stability in 1.0 m KOH for 120 h. Herein, this study elucidates the reconstruction modes of CuS and Cu2S in the OER process and reveals that CuS has a stronger CuS bond and a faster electronic transmission efficiency due to “modified hourglass structure,” resulting in faster reconstruction of CuS than Cu2S.
Advanced nanoengineering strategies endow high‐performance layered transition‐metal oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Jun , Xiao Yang , Li Jiayi , Gong Cheng , Nie Xinming , Gao Hong , Sun Bing , Liu Hao , Wang Guoxiu
Published: May 2023

Considering the abundance and low price of sodium, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to existing lithium‐based batteries in large‐scale energy storage systems, including electric automobiles and smart grids. Cathode materials, which largely decide the cost and the electrochemical performance of the full SIBs, have been extensively studied. Among the reported cathodes, layered transition‐metal oxides (LTMOs) are regarded as the most extremely promising candidates for the commercial application of the SIBs owing to their high specific capacity, superior redox potential, and suitable scalable preparation. Nevertheless, irreversible structural evolution, sluggish kinetics, and water sensitivity are still the critical bottlenecks for their practical utilization. Nanoengineering may offer an opportunity to address the above issues by increasing reactivity, shortening diffusion pathways, and strengthening structural stability. Herein, a comprehensive summary of the modification strategies for LTMOs is presented, emphasizing optimizing the structure, restraining detrimental phase transition, and promoting diffusion kinetics. This review intends to facilitate an in‐depth understanding of structure–composition–property correlation and offer guidance to the further development of the LTMO cathodes for next‐generation energy storage systems.
Enriching preservice teachers' translanguaging stance and practices toward emergent bilingual learners through virtual professional development
Authors: King Nicole , Song Kim , Child Greg
Published: May 2023

Understanding and affirming the assets of emerging bilingual learners (EBLs) and resources are often not part of preservice teacher (PST) preparation, particularly for preservice secondary teachers (Newman et al., 2010). The authors of this article designed two Grand Seminars to support PSTs to begin to develop a translanguaging mindset and to help them to apply what they have acquired to content language teaching through reading and reflection on The Book of Unknown Americans. The purpose of the seminars was to prepare PSTs with equity‐ and asset‐ based mindsets and practices to support EBLs, such as translanguaging. This study focuses on how the PSTs began to take up translanguaging as a mindset, or stance, yet required more time and development to engage in translanguaging as a pedagogy. One research question guided the design, presentation, and analysis of the data: In what ways do PSTs manifest a translanguaging stance? Implications for TESOL and all educators are provided to support PST understanding of EBL demography at their practicum placements and its connection to pedagogy.
Outward foreign investment by transnational entrepreneurs: Insights from emerging economies
Authors: Pittz Thomas G.
Published: May 2023

This research considers how transnational entrepreneurs in emerging economies identify and develop opportunities for investment into international ventures. Specifically, this study seeks to identify common drivers for outward investment by transnational entrepreneurs from their country of origin (Brazil and India) to their adopted country (the US). Findings indicate three common drivers of this type of internationalization: formal education, effectual logic, and the leveraging of perceived market differences. Furthermore, the data show that entrepreneurs prefer a gradual process of investment rather than a large‐scale initial investment during the exploitation of international opportunities in the adopted country. The results of this study have important practical implications and are valuable additions to the scholarly understanding of the growing field of transnational entrepreneurship.
Neolithic Transitions: Diffusion of People or Diffusion of Culture?
Authors: Fort Joaquim
Published: May 2023

We cannot predict the behavior of a single person using mathematical equations. However, if we consider many individuals, we can observe certain regularities in the overall reproductive and dispersive behavior of human populations. This is not surprising because the same happens with non-human species. Indeed, the latter are routinely studied by many ecologists who describe biological invasions by means of mathematical models. Here we do the same for a specific phenomenon in human prehistory: the Neolithic transition, i.e., the shift from hunting-gathering into farming economics. The spread of the Neolithic across Europe from the Near East has been well-established by archeologists. We review models that attempt to estimate to what extent it was due to demic diffusion (dispersal of farming populations) and/or to cultural diffusion (incorporation of hunter-gatherers into the farming populations). We also discuss recent, similar work on Neolithic transitions in other continents, which has led to the proposal of several general laws of Neolithic spread.
Die Etablierung von Deutungen und Wiedereingliederungsperspektiven
Authors: Gonon Anna
Published: May 2023

Die Etablierung kollektiv geteilter Deutungen und die Beurteilung von Wiedereingliederungsperspektiven im Betrieb sollen als sozialer Prozess analysiert werden, der sich innerhalb einer Situation im Sinne der EC vollzieht. Damit sind nicht einzelne Interaktionssituationen gemeint, sondern über den Zeithorizont einzelner Interaktionen hinausgehende „komplexe Konstellationen von Objekten, kognitiven Formaten, Koordinationserfordernissen (Problemen), institutionellen Arrangements (wie Organisationen), Personen und Konzepten“ (Diaz-Bone 2018, S. 375). Ziel ist es, die Konstellationen, unter denen das Arbeitsvermögen und die Wiedereingliederungsperspektiven beurteilt werden, „aus der Sicht der je in sie involvierten Akteure zu rekonstruieren“, um eine „pragmatische Innenansicht der Situation“ zu gewinnen (ebd., S. 377).
Krankheit ohne Krankschreibung
Authors: Gonon Anna
Published: May 2023

Die bisherige Analyse legte den Fokus auf diejenigen Beschäftigten des Samples, deren Arbeitsunfähigkeit durch eine ärztliche Krankschreibung attestiert und mit einem längeren Ausfall am Arbeitsplatz verbunden war. Aufgrund des Stigmas kann man davon ausgehen, dass ein Teil der Beschäftigten mit psychischen Erkrankungen diese am Arbeitsplatz nicht offenlegen (vgl. Abschn. 2.3.4). Wegen der Vermittlung des Feldzugangs durch das BGM habe ich im Rahmen meiner Forschung nur Zugang zu Personen erhalten, deren Erkrankungen im Betrieb bekannt sind. Dies stellt eine Einschränkung dieser Studie dar.
A spinorial double copy for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 0 supergravity
Authors: Armstrong-Williams Kymani , White Chris D.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The Weyl double copy is a formula relating solutions of scalar, gauge and gravity theories, and is related to the BCJ double copy for scattering amplitudes. The latter relates Yang-Mills theory to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 supergravity, where an axion and dilaton are present in addition to the graviton. However, the traditional Weyl double copy applies only to pure gravity solutions, such that it remains to be seen whether or not it can be extended to the full spectrum of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 supergravity. We examine this question using recently developed twistor methods, showing that some sort of double copy formula for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 supergravity is indeed possible for certain solutions. However, it differs both from the traditional Weyl double copy form, and recent conjectures aimed at generalising the Weyl double copy to non-vacuum solutions.
Darwin’s agential materials: evolutionary implications of multiscale competency in developmental biology
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: May 2023

A critical aspect of evolution is the layer of developmental physiology that operates between the genotype and the anatomical phenotype. While much work has addressed the evolution of developmental mechanisms and the evolvability of specific genetic architectures with emergent complexity, one aspect has not been sufficiently explored: the implications of morphogenetic problem-solving competencies for the evolutionary process itself. The cells that evolution works with are not passive components: rather, they have numerous capabilities for behavior because they derive from ancestral unicellular organisms with rich repertoires. In multicellular organisms, these capabilities must be tamed, and can be exploited, by the evolutionary process. Specifically, biological structures have a multiscale competency architecture where cells, tissues, and organs exhibit regulative plasticity—the ability to adjust to perturbations such as external injury or internal modifications and still accomplish specific adaptive tasks across metabolic, transcriptional, physiological, and anatomical problem spaces. Here, I review examples illustrating how physiological circuits guiding cellular collective behavior impart computational properties to the agential material that serves as substrate for the evolutionary process. I then explore the ways in which the collective intelligence of cells during morphogenesis affect evolution, providing a new perspective on the evolutionary search process. This key feature of the physiological software of life helps explain the remarkable speed and robustness of biological evolution, and sheds new light on the relationship between genomes and functional anatomical phenotypes.
A semigroup defining the Gröbner degeneration of a toric ideal
Authors: de Alba Casillas Hernán , Duarte Daniel , Vargas Antuna Raúl
Published: May 2023

We give an explicit set of generators for the semigroup of the Gröbner degeneration of a toric ideal. This set of generators is used to study algebraic properties of the semigroup it generates: approximation of semigroups, non-preservation of saturation, Betti elements, uniqueness of presentations, and Möbius functions.
Sustainable Management of the African Great Lake Coastal Areas: Motivations and Perspectives of Community Citizen Scientists
Authors: Moshi Happiness Anold , Shilla Daniel Abel , Brehim Joan , Kimirei Ismael , O’Reilly Catherine , Loiselle Steven
Published: May 2023

The long-term sustainability of the African Great Lakes is strongly connected to the management and monitoring of their coastal areas. Yet, the communities that live in these areas are rarely involved in monitoring and have limited influence on key management issues. Furthermore, regulatory activities and knowledge sharing in these transnational ecosystems are strongly limited by funding and infrastructure limitations. Citizen science has great potential to advance both scientific and public understanding of the state of the environment. However, there remains a limited understanding of participants’ motivations and expectations, especially in developing countries, where citizen science has great potential to complement regulatory monitoring. The present study explores the motivations of citizen scientists in villages along Lake Tanganyika’s northern coast and their potential to take a more active role in lake management. Motivations were examined through qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys with 110 citizen scientists and 110 non-citizen scientists from participating villages. Key motivational factors identified were the desire to contribute to scientific research and local knowledge, as well as aspects of financial compensation. The results confirm that participation in citizen science provides many benefits to participants beyond their role as data aggregators and final knowledge users. However, the incentives to participation varied to those typically considered in citizen science programs conducted in developed countries. To create sustainable long-term community based environmental monitoring, these motivations should be incorporated in the program design and participant recruitment.
Simulation‐Based Breast Biopsy Training Using a Low‐Cost Gelatin‐Based Breast Model in Rwanda
Authors: Hey Matthew T. , Masimbi Ornella , Shimelash Natnael , Alayande Barnabas T. , Forbes Callum , Twizeyimana Jonas , Nimbabazi Othniel , Giannarikas Persephone , Hamzah Radzi , Eyre Andrew , Riviello Robert , Bekele Abebe , Anderson Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2023

Background

An interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and simulation specialists adopted and modified a protocol for the creation of a low‐cost, gelatin‐based breast model for teaching ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy and assessed first‐time user experience.

Methods

An interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and simulation specialists adopted and modified a protocol for the creation of a low‐cost, gelatin‐based breast model for teaching ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy for approximately $4.40 USD. Components include medical‐grade gelatin, Jell‐O™, water, olives, and surgical gloves. The model was used to train two cohorts comprising 30 students total during their junior surgical clerkship. The learners’ experience and perceptions on the first Kirkpatrick level were evaluated using pre‐ and post‐training surveys.

Results

Response rate was 93.3% (n = 28). Only three students had previously completed an ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy, and none had prior exposure to simulation‐based breast biopsy training. Learners that were confident in performing biopsies under minimal supervision rose from 4 to 75% following the session. All students indicated the session increased their knowledge, and 71% agreed that the model was an anatomically accurate and appropriate substitute to a real human breast.

Conclusions

The use of a low‐cost gelatin‐based breast model was able to increase student confidence and knowledge in performing ultrasound‐guided breast biopsies. This innovative simulation model provides a cost‐effective and more accessible means of simulation‐based training especially for low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Dialysis Access Maintenance: Plain Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Ratnam Lakshmi , Karunanithy Narayan , Mailli Leto , Diamantopoulos Athanasios , Morgan Robert A.
Published: May 2023

Plain balloon angioplasty remains the first-line treatment for dialysis access stenosis. This chapter reviews the outcomes of plain balloon angioplasty from cohort studies and comparative studies. Angioplasty outcomes are more favourable in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) compared to arteriovenous grafts (AVG) with primary patency at 6 months ranging from 42–63% compared to 27–61%, respectively, and improved for forearm fistulae compared with upper arm fistulae. Higher pressures are required to treat stenoses in AVFs compared to AVGs. Outcomes are worse in more severe stenoses, increased patient age, previous interventions and fistulae that develop early stenoses. Major complication rates following angioplasty in dialysis access are between 3 and 5%. Repeat treatments and the use of adjuncts such as drug-coated balloons and stents can prolong the patency of dialysis access.

Level of Evidence No level of evidence (Review paper).
Novel multiferroic nanoparticles Sm1−xHoxFeO3 as a heavy metal Cr6+ ion removal from water
Authors: Arman M. M.
Published: May 2023

Novel multiferroic nanoparticles Sm1−xHoxFeO3 have been prepared using a simple citrate auto-combustion method. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the multiferroic samples had an orthorhombic single phase structure. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) illustrated that the nanoparticles possessed a cotton-like morphology with a porous nature. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrates the antiferromagnetic (AFM) behavior of the samples. The maximum magnetization (Mm) of Sm0.95Ho0.05FeO3 is five times greater than that of SmFeO3. The ferroelectricity of Sm1−xHoxFeO3 has Г2-spin structure. The antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin canting has a great effect on both the magnetization and the ferroelectricity of the investigated perovskites. Sm1−xHoxFeO3; 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 samples are concluded to be novel single-phase multiferroic materials capable of adsorbing toxic chromium (Cr6+) metal ions from water. A hydrogen potential of pH 6 is the best condition for precipitating chromium ions. The adsorption of Cr6+ ions on Sm1−xHoxFeO3 was studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
RVE-based grading of truss lattice cores in sandwich panels
Authors: Georges Hussam , Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of strut-based lattices that consist of periodic representative volume elements (RVE) and can be used as cores in sandwich panels. Due to the design freedom provided by additive manufacturing, the lattice strut diameter may vary through the lattice. Thus, the diameter distribution can be adapted to the stress variation in the sandwich core to achieve an efficient core design and avoid oversizing the core. Such grading approaches are required when the core is subjected to localized loads, e.g., near support points and load application areas. In this work, an analytical model is derived to determine stresses and deformations in lattice struts of RVE-based graded lattice cores in elastic sandwich panels using homogenization and dehomogenization methods. In contrast to already available models, the analytical model presented in this work allows grading the lattice strut diameter both along the sandwich length and through the core thickness. Furthermore, local stresses in the lattice struts caused by concentrated load application can be captured adequately by the present model. To highlight the benefits of graded cores, the strut stress distribution in graded cores is compared to the stress distribution in homogeneous cores.
Endurance-dependent urinary extracellular vesicle signature: shape, metabolic miRNAs, and purine content distinguish triathletes from inactive people
Authors: Pietrangelo Tiziana , Santangelo Carmen , Bondi Danilo , Cocci Paolo , Piccinelli Raffaela , Piacenza Francesco , Rosato Enrica , Azman S. N. Afifa , Binetti Enrico , Farina Marco , Locatelli Marcello , Brunetti Virgilio , Le Donne Cinzia , Marramiero Lorenzo , Di Filippo Ester Sara , Verratti Vittore , Fulle Stefania , Scollo Valentina , Palermo Francesco
Published: May 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with bioactive molecules have gained considerable attention in nanotechnology because they are critical to intercellular communication while maintaining low immunological impact. Among biological matrices, urine has emerged as a noninvasive source of extracellular-contained liquid biopsy, currently of interest as a readout for physiological adaptations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate chronic adaptations of endurance sport practice in terms of urinary EV parameters and evaluated by food consumption assessment. Two balanced groups of 13 inactive controls vs. triathlon athletes were enrolled; their urinary EVs were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The cargo was analyzed by means of purine and miRNA content through HPLC-UV and qRT-PCR. Specific urinary EV signatures differentiated inactive versus endurance-trained in terms of peculiar shape. Particularly, a spheroid shape, smaller size, and lower roughness characterize EVs from triathletes. Metabolic and regulatory miRNAs often associated with skeletal muscle (i.e., miR378a-5p, miR27a-3p, miR133a, and miR206) also accounted for a differential signature. These miRNAs and guanosine in urinary EVs can be used as a readout for metabolic status along with the shape and roughness of EVs, novel informative parameters that are rarely considered. The network models allow scholars to entangle nutritional and exercise factors related to EVs’ miRNA and purine content to depict metabolic signatures. All in all, multiplex biophysical and molecular analyses of urinary EVs may serve as promising prospects for research in exercise physiology.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a propensity-score-matched analysis combined with SEER validation
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Huang Mingzhe , Wu Yuanhui , Hong Yisong , Cai Linbin , He Rongzhao , Luo Yanxin , Wang Puning , Huang Meijin , Lin Jinxin
Published: May 2023

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). But radiotherapy can cause potential adverse effects. The therapeutic outcomes, postoperative survival and relapse rates between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (N-CT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (N-CRT) patients have rarely been studied.

Methods

From February 2012 to April 2015, patients with LARC who underwent N-CT or N-CRT followed by radical surgery at our center were included. Pathologic response, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications and survival outcomes (including overall survival [OS], disease-free survival [DFS], cancer-specific survival [CSS] and locoregional recurrence-free survival [LRFS]) were analyzed and compared. Concurrently, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database was used to compare OS in an external source.

Results

A total of 256 patients were input into the propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis, and 104 pairs remained after PSM. After PSM, the baseline data were well matched and there was a significantly lower tumor regression grade (TRG) (P < 0.001), more postoperative complications (P = 0.009) (especially anastomotic fistula, P = 0.003) and a longer median hospital stay (P = 0.049) in the N-CRT group than in the N-CT group. No significant difference was observed in OS (P = 0.737), DFS (P = 0.580), CSS (P = 0.920) or LRFS (P = 0.086) between the N-CRT group and the N-CT group. In the SEER database, patients who received N-CT had similar OS in both TNM II (P = 0.315) and TNM III stages (P = 0.090) as those who received N-CRT.

Conclusion

N-CT conferred similar survival benefits but caused fewer complications than N-CRT. Thus, it could be an alternative treatment of LARC.
Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology: Results and learnings from the PIKKO study
Authors: Schneider Nico , Bäcker Anna , Strauss Bernhard , Hübner Jutta , Rubai Sabine , Wagner Steffen , Schwarz-Fedrow Doris , Hager Lutz , Brenk-Franz Katja , Keinki Christian , Brandt Florian , Altmann Uwe
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Many concepts for accompanying and supporting cancer patients exist and have been studied over time. One of them was PIKKO (a German acronym for “Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology”), which combined a patient navigator, socio-legal and psychological counseling (with psychooncologists), courses dealing with various supportive aspects, and a knowledge database with validated and easy-to-understand disease-related information. The aim was to increase the patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-efficacy as well as health literacy and to reduce psychological complaints such as depression and anxiety.

Methods

To this purpose, an intervention group was given full access to the modules in addition to treatment as usual, while a control group received only treatment as usual. Over twelve months, each group was surveyed up to five times. Measurements were taken using the SF12, PHQ-9, GAD, GSE, and HLS-EU-Q47.

Results

No significant differences were found in scores on the mentioned metrics. However, each module was used many times and rated positively by the patients. Further analyses showed a tendency higher score in health literacy with higher intensity of use of the database and higher score in mental HRQoL with higher intensity of use of counseling.

Conclusion

The study was affected by several limitations. A lack of randomization, difficulties in recruiting the control group, a heterogeneous sample, and the COVID-19 lockdown influenced the results. Nevertheless, the results show that the PIKKO support was appreciated by the patients and the lack of measurable effects was rather due to the mentioned limitations than to the PIKKO intervention.

Trial registration

This study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trial Register under DRKS00016703 (21.02.2019, retrospectively registered). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016703
Back pain in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Azevedo Nelson , Ribeiro José Carlos , Machado Leandro
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Back pain is a growing problem worldwide, not only in adults but also in children. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to investigate and understand the factors that influence the early onset of back pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents and to identify predisposing risk factors and protective factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in schools from northern Portugal, evaluating 1463 students aged 9 to 19 years, of both genders. The instruments used were the Spinal Mouse® to assess posture, the Inbody 230® to assess body composition, an online questionnaire to characterize the sample and back pain, and the FITescola® battery test to access physical fitness.

Results

Half of the subjects experienced back pain at least once in their lifetime. The most frequently mentioned were lumbar spine and thoracic spine, mostly with mild or moderate pain intensities. Age, female gender, percent body fat, prolonged smartphone and computer use, hyperkyphosis, and the lateral global spine tilt to the left side are all factors with higher relative risk of back pain. Practicing physical activity or sports regularly and video games have a protective effect.

Conclusion

The prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents is very high: The study enhances the case for protective factors such as physical activity habits or video games while reinforcing risk factors such as percent body fat, prolonged smartphone or computer use, and posture.
Multiple cranial neuropathy due to varicella zoster virus reactivation without vesicular rash: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Stornaiuolo Antonio , Iodice Rosa , De Simone Roberto , Russo Cinzia , Rubino Marica , Braca Simone , Miele Angelo , Tozza Stefano , Nolano Maria , Manganelli Fiore
Published: May 2023

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is due to reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) dormant in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. The diagnosis is typically based on clinical triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, otalgia, and vesicles in the auditory canal or the auricle. However, Ramsay Hunt syndrome may occur without skin eruption in up to one third of patients. Moreover, the involvement of other cranial nerves in addition to the facial nerve has been also reported. Herein, we reported a case report of a man who developed a multiple cranial neuropathy caused by VZV reactivation without skin vesicular eruption. The present case underlines a possible diagnostic challenge that clinicians may hit when facing a common disorder such as peripheral facial palsy. Indeed, clinicians must be aware that Ramsay Hunt syndrome may develop without skin vesicular eruption as well it may be complicated by multiple cranial nerve involvement. Antiviral therapy is effective in VZV reactivation for recovery of nerve function.
Two putative glutamate decarboxylases of Streptococcus pneumoniae as possible antigens for the production of anti-GAD65 antibodies leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: García Ernesto
Published: May 2023

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in prevalence in the last decades and has become a global burden. Autoantibodies against human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are among the first to be detected at the onset of T1DM. Diverse viruses have been proposed to be involved in the triggering of T1DM because of molecular mimicry, i.e., similarity between parts of some viral proteins and one or more epitopes of GAD65. However, the possibility that bacterial proteins might also be responsible for GAD65 mimicry has been seldom investigated. To date, many genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a prominent human pathogen particularly prevalent among children and the elderly, have been sequenced. A dataset of more than 9000 pneumococcal genomes was mined and two different (albeit related) genes (gadA and gadB), presumably encoding two glutamate decarboxylases similar to GAD65, were found. The various gadASpn alleles were present only in serotype 3 pneumococci belonging to the global lineage GPSC83, although some homologs have also been discovered in two subspecies of Streptococcus constellatus (pharyngis and viborgensis), an isolate of the group B streptococci, and several strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Besides, gadBSpn alleles are present in > 10% of the isolates in our dataset and represent 16 GPSCs with 123 sequence types and 20 different serotypes. Sequence analyses indicated that gadA- and gadB-like genes have been mobilized among different bacteria either by prophage(s) or by integrative and conjugative element(s), respectively. Substantial similarities appear to exist between the putative pneumococcal glutamate decarboxylases and well-known epitopes of GAD65. In this sense, the use of broader pneumococcal conjugate vaccines such as PCV20 would prevent the majority of serotypes expressing those genes that might potentially contribute to T1DM. These results deserve upcoming studies on the possible involvement of S. pneumoniae in the etiopathogenesis and clinical onset of T1DM.
The age and potential causes of the giant Green Lake Landslide, Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Eaves Shaun R. , McColl Samuel T. , Tielidze Levan G. , Norton Kevin P. , Hopkins Jenni L. , Hidy Alan J.
Published: May 2023

Landslide deposits preserved in the geological record afford opportunities to better inform hillslope and seismic hazard and risk models, particularly in regions where observational records are short. In the Southern Alps of New Zealand, small coseismic landslides are frequent, but the geological record preserves several instances of more substantial (> 1 km3) but infrequent mass failures. With an estimated volume of 27 km3, the giant Green Lake Landslide represents one of the largest subaerial landslides on Earth. Previous work has suggested this deep-seated mass movement was most likely triggered by high-intensity seismic shaking, but that local structural weakness and/or glacial debuttressing may help to explain the anomalously large failure volume. Resolving the potential contribution of the latter is important given predictions concerning alpine deglaciation in the coming decades to centuries. Key to resolution are secure chronologies of landslide emplacement and past glacier change. Here we present in situ cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from the Green Lake Landslide that suggest an emplacement age of 15.5 ± 0.7 ka. Recent work shows that glacial retreat in the region was underway by 19 ka, indicating that the Green Lake Landslide was emplaced 3–4 kyr after the onset of glacier retreat. Given the geometry of the former confining valley glacier, we expect that the deglaciation-landslide age gap is closer to the upper end of this estimate. If correct, this conclusion places greater weight on the roles of local geological structure and/or a great earthquake as factors contributing to the exceptionally large volume of this event.
Solution validator and visualizer for (combined) vehicle routing and container loading problems
Authors: Krebs Corinna , Ehmke Jan Fabian
Published: May 2023

The optimization of cargo loading and transportation are two highly considered optimization problems (namely “3L-CVRP”). The combination of both has attracted increasing interest in the past decades. Hereby, 2D or 3D items have to be transported from one depot to a given set of customers using a homogeneous fleet of vehicles. Each route must be provided with a feasible packing plan taking various constraints into account. Combining the two optimization problems increases the complexity of the solution approaches, leading to a higher difficulty to check the results for correctness. To support the research progress and to enable transparency of solution structures, this paper provides an overview of recent literature, problem formulations, and best-known solutions. Furthermore, we introduce two open-source tools: The “Solution Validator” checks the feasibility of solutions in terms of considered constraints. The “Visualizer” provides two views and visualizes solutions. In the vehicle routing view, the tour plan and the corresponding schedule are displayed. In the loading view, the position of each item in the cargo space is demonstrated. In both views, it is possible to check the feasibility of the solution and highlight violated items. Besides the combined problem, the tool can be used also for one optimization problem (e.g. vehicle routing problem or container loading). The source codes for both tools are available at GitHub in C++ and Java and can be easily integrated into other researchers’ code.
Effects of Mixture Distribution on the Structure and Propagation of Turbulent Stratified Slot-Jet Flames
Authors: Brearley Peter , Ahmed Umair , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: May 2023

The influence of mixture stratification on the development of turbulent flames in a slot-jet configuration has been analysed using Direct Numerical Simulation data. Mixture stratification was imposed at the inlet by varying the equivalence ratio between 0.6 and 1.0 with different alignments to the reaction progress variable gradient: aligned gradients (back-supported), opposed gradients (front-supported) and misaligned gradients. An additional premixed case with a global equivalence ratio of 0.8 was simulated for comparison. The flame is shortest for the front-supported case, followed by the premixed flame, with the back-supported and misaligned gradient flames being the tallest and of comparable size. This behaviour has been explained in terms of the variations of the mean equivalence ratio within the flame and the volume-integrated reaction rate in the streamwise direction. The difference in mixture composition for these cases results in significant variations in the burning rate, flame area, flame wrinkling and flame brush thickness in the streamwise direction. The globally front-supported case has the highest volume-integrated burning rate and flame area, while the back-supported case has the lowest. The misaligned scalar gradient case exhibits qualitatively similar behaviour to that of the globally back-supported case. The burning intensity is unity for a major part of the flame length but assumes values greater than unity towards the flame tip where the effects of flame curvature become strong. All cases predominantly exhibit the premixed mode of combustion within the flamelet regime, so flamelet assumption-based reaction rate closures, originally proposed for premixed combustion, were evaluated using a priori analysis. The terms which require improved closures have been identified and existing closures have been improved where necessary. It was found that the global nature of mixture stratification does not influence the performance of the mean reaction rate closures or the parameterisation of marginal probability density functions of scalars in turbulent stratified mixture combustion.
Leveraging family history data to disentangle time-varying effects on disease risk using lifecourse mendelian randomization
Authors: Richardson Tom G , Urquijo Helena , Holmes Michael V , Davey Smith George
Published: May 2023

Lifecourse Mendelian randomization is a causal inference technique which harnesses genetic variants with time-varying effects to develop insight into the influence of age-dependent lifestyle factors on disease risk. Here, we apply this approach to evaluate whether childhood body size has a direct consequence on 8 major disease endpoints by analysing parental history data from the UK Biobank study.

Our findings suggest that, whilst childhood body size increases later risk of outcomes such as heart disease (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.23, P = 7.8 × 10− 5) and diabetes (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.56, P = 9.4 × 10− 15) based on parental history data, these findings are likely attributed to a sustained influence of being overweight for many years over the lifecourse. Likewise, we found evidence that remaining overweight throughout the lifecourse increases risk of lung cancer, which was partially mediated by lifetime smoking index. In contrast, using parental history data provided evidence that being overweight in childhood may have a protective effect on risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.97, P = 0.01), corroborating findings from observational studies and large-scale genetic consortia.

Large-scale family disease history data can provide a complementary source of evidence for epidemiological studies to exploit, particularly given that they are likely more robust to sources of selection bias (e.g. survival bias) compared to conventional case control studies. Leveraging these data using approaches such as lifecourse Mendelian randomization can help elucidate additional layers of evidence to dissect age-dependent effects on disease risk.
Dietary patterns, brain morphology and cognitive performance in children: Results from a prospective population-based study
Authors: Mou Yuchan , Blok Elisabet , Barroso Monica , Jansen Pauline W. , White Tonya , Voortman Trudy
Published: May 2023

Dietary patterns in childhood have been associated with child neurodevelopment and cognitive performance, while the underlying neurobiological pathway is unclear. We aimed to examine associations of dietary patterns in infancy and mid-childhood with pre-adolescent brain morphology, and whether diet-related differences in brain morphology mediate the relation with cognition. We included 1888 and 2326 children with dietary data at age one or eight years, respectively, and structural neuroimaging at age 10 years in the Generation R Study. Measures of brain morphology were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires, from which we derived diet quality scores based on dietary guidelines and dietary patterns using principal component analyses. Full scale IQ was estimated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition at age 13 years. Children with higher adherence to a dietary pattern labeled as ‘Snack, processed foods and sugar’ at age one year had smaller cerebral white matter volume at age 10 (B = -4.3, 95%CI -6.9, -1.7). At age eight years, higher adherence to a ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ pattern was associated with a larger total brain (B = 8.9, 95%CI 4.5, 13.3), and larger cerebral gray matter volumes at age 10 (B = 5.2, 95%CI 2.9, 7.5). Children with higher diet quality and better adherence to a ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ dietary pattern at age eight showed greater brain gyrification and larger surface area, clustered primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These observed differences in brain morphology mediated associations between dietary patterns and IQ. In conclusion, dietary patterns in early- and mid-childhood are associated with differences in brain morphology which may explain the relation between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment in children.