bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization and Cyber Risks
Authors: Khalin V. G. , Chernova G. V.
Published: December 2023

Digitalization, considered in a broad sense as the most important modern trend of social development, is generally accompanied not only by positive consequences for the economy and society, but also by challenges, threats, as well as negative consequences of the implementation of these threats. Digitalization, considered in a narrow sense as the transformation of information of any kind into its digital form and involving the use of digital information, can also be described by challenges, threats, negative consequences and risks. Among the latter, a significant role is played by the risks of violating the security of digital information — cyber risks. Since they can have a negative impact on digitalization, considered both in a broad and narrow sense, there is a problem of allocating cyber risks and managing them in order to reduce possible losses and damage caused by the implementation of these cyber risks. The article defines the interrelationships of the concepts of digitalization, challenge, threat, negative consequence and risk; identifies the role and justifies the high importance of a cyber call as a requirement to ensure the security of digital information; determines the factors of influence on cyber risks; suggests a variant of building a cyber risk management program, the implementation of which will contribute to reducing the possible negative consequences of digitalization caused by a violation of the security of digital information.
Economic development’s trends in the NEA countries (PRC, Japan, Republic of Korea) in 2022–2023: the impact of geopolitical tensions and heterogeneous risks
Authors:   The Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Suslov D.V.
Published: December 2023

The article shows trends and problems in economic development in the NEA countries (PRC, Japan, the Republic of Korea) in the post-pandemic period (2022-23). It was argued that during the period under review, the recovery dynamics and development trends of the NEA economies were invariant to geopolitical tensions in the world and were influenced by macroeconomic conditions, as well as sectoral, investment, financial and trade and economic risks of both internal and external nature. It has been showed that at the turn of 2022–23 the formation of more stable macroeconomic trends in NEA countries took place. In China, a trend is emerging towards a decrease in the rate of economic development to 5% per year. For Japan and the Republic of Korea, factors limiting economic growth rates (not exceeding 2% per year) are overheating of the domestic markets for consumer goods and real estate, a decrease in the positive impact of external interactions on domestic development, as well as the negative demographic dynamics.
THE BEGINNING OF COMBAT SERVICE OF THE 41ST JAEGER REGIMENT AS PART OF THE SEPARATE CAUCASIAN CORPS IN 1819-1826
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA, TSYBAKOV D.L.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the military actions of the Russian army in the initial period of the Caucasian War. The author pays attention to topical issues of recruitment and organization of light infantry units of a Separate Caucasian Corps. The information about the contribution of General A.P. Ermolov to the reorganization of troops and their preparation for conducting operations against irregular formations of the enemy is summarized. The problem of establishing a historical connection between the 41st Jaeger regiment and its successors from among the combat units of the Separate Caucasian Corps is considered. The author gives concrete examples of combat operations of the 41st Jaeger Regiment in 1820-1826. As a result, the author concludes that the adaptation of the jaeger units to the specific conditions of the theater of the Caucasus-Mountain war of the 19th century took place in a short time.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPERIAL TRAIN SECURITY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation, GREBENKIN A.N. , BUBLIKOV A.A. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the organizational and legal development of the imperial train security system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is conditioned on the need to analyze the forms and methods evolution of the activities of special services and units of state security bodies in the context of the terrorist threat intensification. This makes it possible not only to clarify the methodology of countering the Socialist Revolutionary terror, but also to draw a number of conclusions that are significant from the point of view of optimizing the work of modern counter-terrorism forces. The sources of this research include unpublished materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive. The authors conclude that at the beginning of the 20th century serious measures were taken to improve the organizational and legal support for the protection of imperial trains. The paper shows that there was not only an active discussion of the draft guidance documents, but also amendments to the already adopted regulations and instructions. This was caused both by the identification of gaps and vulnerabilities, and by the interdepartmental struggle between the police and army structures that took part in protecting the emperor during his railway trips. The authors draw attention to the fact that the competition between the police, gendarmes and the army had not only positive consequences, expressed in improving the legal framework of the imperial guard and optimizing the law enforcement process, but also negative ones. The inconsistency of actions was the most disastrous. As a result, the authors conclude that the above-mentioned antagonism continued to have a negative impact on the organizational and legal development of the imperial train security system until 1917.
OREL PROVINCE ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN STATE DUMA ELECTIONS (1905–1906)
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA, CHERVINSKAYA A.P. , MATVIENKO V.A. ,   Yelets State University
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to consider the preparatory work of electoral actors of 1905-1906 in the context of the elections of representatives to the State Duma from Orel province. The study has an aim to examine the development of the Deputy Corps in the conditions of domestic political turbulence in the early 20th century. The sources of this research include the material of Orel State Archive, reference and encyclopedic literature, memories and periodicals. General scientific research methods are used as the main methodological basis: historical-critical, comparative-historical, and problem-chronological. It is noted that the governor, Zemstvo and Provincial Councils, Orel mayor, the police chief, Orel Provincial Commission on the State Duma Elections played an active role in the process under study. The residents of Orel province themselves, as well as political parties, took an active part in the preelection (including campaigning) work. As a result, the authors conclude that the "right" choice of the Deputy Corps was able to ensure both personal and state security.
Poesia de Cordel, a formação de leitores/as e o combate às fake news
Authors: Mossin Eduardo André , Alves Martins Giselle , Ferreira Fernandes Tiago
Published: December 2023

A divulgação de notícias falsas é um problema crescente. Apesar do uso frequente de ferramentas tecnológicas, percebe-se a falta de compreensão sobre produção e veiculação das fake news. Cabe à escola inovar em estratégias de ensino que contemplem o conhecimento da totalidade desse contexto, sobretudo no Proeja, cujo público possui peculiaridades que exigem a adaptação de abordagens didáticas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a proposta pedagógica de produção de uma videoaula sobre a Literatura de Cordel para debater fake news. Utilizaram-se dados obtidos em questionários aplicados a professores/as e estudantes, além de um vídeo abordando o tema através da Literatura de Cordel. Os resultados apontam que a identificação de fake news é ensinada de forma descontextualizada, e que a proposta aqui colocada obteve grande receptividade. Ressalta-se a importância de estratégias de fomento à leitura contemplativa,pela adaptação de textos para linguagem poética numa concepção integradora de Educação.
Karakteristik Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar: Kendala Dalam Mengimplementasikan Nilai Kearifan Lokal Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Annissabrina Imelsi , Nasrul Hikmah Setia , Ifliadi Ilham , Abimanyu Dwi Septian , MS Agavin. , Joy Nebres Arlene
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali serta menganalisis kendala  yang terjadi dalam mengimplementasikan nilai kearifan lokal di sekolah dasar. Melalui implementasi nilai kearifan lokal disekolah dasar dapat menjadi acuan, pedoman, dan arahan bagi peserta didik dalam bertutur kata, bertindak, dan berperilaku sesuai dengan identitas manusia Indonesia. Nilai yang terkandung dalam kearifan lokal dapat meliputi nilai religius, toleransi, gotong royong, serta peduli terhadap lingkungan. Implementasi nilai yang terkandung dalam kearifan lokal dapat diterapkan melalui sejumlah kegiatan positif yang membangun pembentukan karakter peserta didik ke arah yang lebih baik. Adapun kendala dalam implementasi nilai kearifan lokal dapat berasal dari  faktor internal seperti dorongan atau motivasi dalam diri, dan faktor eksternal seperti lingkungan yang kurang memadai. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasi lapangan dan wawancara.
Melanoma anorrectal primario: reporte de un caso y revisión de una neoplasia infrecuente
Authors: Marulanda Fernández Hernando , Vera-Polanía Felipe , Trejos Naranjo Juan Antonio , Parga Bermudez Julian Ernesto , Otero Regino William
Published: December 2023

El melanoma anorrectal primario es una neoplasia melanocítica maligna poco frecuente, su principal manifestación es el sangrado rectal. Tiene un pronóstico ominoso con una tasa de sobrevida del 10% a 5 años. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 56 años con rectorragia y sensación de masa rectal. Durante la colonoscopia se documentó una lesión polipoide en el recto distal, que se resecó por vía transanal. El estudio histológico confirmó la presencia de un melanoma anorrectal primario.
Global Geospatial Data for Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Lee Saro , Fatemeh Rezaie
Published: December 2023

Susceptibility mapping is an important component of natural hazard risk assessment and management. Susceptibility maps for floods and landslides, which are particularly damaging to human life and property, can provide a comprehensive understanding of risk areas and factors related to flood and landslide susceptibility. To create a global flood and landslide susceptibility map, global geospatial data for 37,984 landslide and 6,682 flood locations, as well as 11 selected environmental factors were used to construct a geographic information system database. The 11 environmental factors found to influence flood and landslide occurrence were rainfall, slope, terrain position index, plane curvature, terrain wetness index, distance from rivers, land use, soil texture, soil moisture, geology, and temperature. These data were then used directly to create a global flood and landslide susceptibility map.
Microbial enzymatic activities in soils of Vojvodina, Serbia: Insights into the relationship with chemical soil properties
Authors: Kuzmanovic Ana , Tamindzija Dragana , Ninkov Jordana , Vasin Jovica , Djuric Simonida , Milic Stanko , Radnovic Dragan
Published: December 2023

For an agricultural region such as the Vojvodina Province in northern Serbia, soil quality monitoring is very important. Enzymatic activities are proposed as good indicators as they respond to even the slightest changes in the soil. This study aimed to analyze the enzymatic activity levels across three different soil types in Vojvodina and to examine their connection to soil chemical properties and land use. All soil types (chernozem, vertisol, solonchak) were sampled at nine locations, each with 3 field plots. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, ?-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, and catalase were measured in samples, as well as the selected chemical properties. Results showed differences in enzymatic activity across different soil types and land use. The most active enzymes in vertisol were acid phosphatase and ?-glucosidase; in solonchak, it was alkaline phosphatase; in chernozem, it was dehydrogenase. A high correlation between enzymatic activities and certain soil chemical properties (pH reaction, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen) was also observed, underlining the existence of a relationship between different soil components. The highest determined correlation was between acid phosphatase and pH (r=-0.7), alkaline phosphatase and total nitrogen (r=0.7), and organic matter (r=0.72); the obtained correlations were found to be statistically significant.
Plasma miRNAs and Treatment Failure in Participants in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study
Authors: Wander Pandora L. , Bammler Theo K. , MacDonald James W. , Srinouanprachanh Sengeo , Boyko Edward J. , Enquobahrie Daniel A.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

To identify plasma miRNAs related to treatment failure in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined whether a panel of miRNAs could predict treatment failure in training/test data sets among participants in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study (N = 209). We also examined whether individual miRNAs were associated with treatment failure.

RESULTS

Participants were age 14.5 years, and 62% were female. A panel of miRNAs did not predict treatment failure. However, for each doubling, miR-4306 was associated with a 12% decrease (P = 0.040) and miR-483-3p was marginally associated with a 12% increase (P = 0.080) in failure independently of sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, Tanner stage, HbA1c, maternal diabetes, oral disposition index, and treatment arm. The addition of both miRNAs improved model fit (log likelihood without vs. with miRNAs −360.3 vs. −363.5; P = 0.040).

CONCLUSIONS

miR-483-3p and miR-4306 may be associated with treatment failure in youth with T2D.
Longitudinal Assessment of Pancreas Volume by MRI Predicts Progression to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Virostko John , Wright Jordan J. , Williams Jonathan M. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Triolo Taylor M. , Broncucia Hali , Du Liping , Kang Hakmook , Nallaparaju Shreya , Valencia Leah Galvez , Reyes Demetra , Hammel Brenna , Russell William E. , Philipson Louis H. , Waibel Michaela , Kay Thomas W.H. , Thomas Helen E. , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Steck Andrea K. , Powers Alvin C. , Moore Daniel J.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

This multicenter prospective cohort study compared pancreas volume as assessed by MRI, metabolic scores derived from oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and a combination of pancreas volume and metabolic scores for predicting progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) in individuals with multiple diabetes-related autoantibodies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Pancreas MRI was performed in 65 multiple autoantibody-positive participants enrolled in the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study. Prediction of progression to stage 3 T1D was assessed using pancreas volume index (PVI), OGTT-derived Index60 score and Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS), and a combination of PVI and DPTRS.

RESULTS

PVI, Index60, and DPTRS were all significantly different at study entry in 11 individuals who subsequently experienced progression to stage 3 T1D compared with 54 participants who did not experience progression (P < 0.005). PVI did not correlate with metabolic testing across individual study participants. PVI declined longitudinally in the 11 individuals diagnosed with stage 3 T1D, whereas Index60 and DPTRS increased. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting progression to stage 3 from measurements at study entry was 0.76 for PVI, 0.79 for Index60, 0.79 for DPTRS, and 0.91 for PVI plus DPTRS.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that measures of pancreas volume and metabolism reflect distinct components of risk for developing stage 3 type 1 diabetes and that a combination of these measures may provide superior prediction than either alone.
Temporal trends in revision rate due to knee periprosthetic joint infection: a study of 115,120 cases from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Anneberg Marie , Troelsen Anders , Gundtoft Per , Sørensen Henrik T , Pedersen Alma B
Published: December 2023

Background and purpose: We aimed to examine the temporal trends in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) revision incidence after knee arthroplasty (KA) from 1997 through 2019.Patients and methods: 115,120 primary KA cases from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register were followed until the first PJI revision. We computed cumulative incidences and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of PJI revision by calendar periods and several patient- and surgical-related risk factors. Results were analyzed from 0–3 months and from 3–12 months after KA.Results: The overall 1-year PJI revision incidence was 0.7%, increasing from 0.5% to 0.7% (1997 through 2019). The incidence of PJI revision within 3 months increased from 0.1% to 0.5% (1997 through 2019). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) within 1 year of primary KA was 5.1 comparing 2017–2019 with 2001–2004. The PJI revision incidence from 3–12 months of KA decreased from 0.4% to 0.2%, with an aHR of 0.5 for 2017–2019 vs. 2001–2004. Male sex, age 75–84 (vs. 65–74), and extreme obesity (vs. normal weight) were positively associated with the risk of PJI revision within 3 months, whereas only male sex was associated from 3–12 months. Partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) vs. total KA was associated with a lower risk of PJI revision both within 3 months and 3–12 months of KA.Conclusion: We observed an increase in PJI revision within 3 months of KA, and a decrease in PJI revision incidence from 3–12 months from 1997 through 2019. The reasons for this observed time-trend are thought to be multifactorial. PKA was associated with a lower risk of PJI revision.
Kinetic Aspects of Catalytic Interactions Involving Pentyl Acetate and Ethanolamine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Melnyk Stepan , Melnyk Yurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Mahorivska Halyna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Fuchyla Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Bandera St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

A conversion scheme for pentyl acetate, ethanolamine, and the products resulting from their interaction through aminolysis, transesterification, and O-N-acyl migration reactions catalyzed by homogeneous and heterogeneous Brønsted-Lowry bases and acids is proposed. It has been determined that acid and base catalysts significantly enhance the aminolysis reaction of esters with amino alcohols when compared to the non-catalytic process. The impact of the catalyst on each reaction has been assessed.
Investigation of the Dispersed-Phase Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Natural Water Systems
Authors:   A.V. Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky St., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Milyukin Mikhaylo , Gorban Maksym ,   A.V. Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky St., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the patterns of the dispersed-phase distribution of organic ecotoxicants, namely organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in natural water systems. The relationship between the dispersed-phase distribution of individual OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs and the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient log Ko/w (hydrophobicity coefficient) was established. It was shown that the water-soluble part of individual organic ecotoxicants decreases with an increase in their hydrophobicity coefficient. Eight of the given eleven correlations are clear, significant and reliable. The influence of the characteristics of the water system on the dispersed-phase distribution of organic ecotoxicants was also investigated. It was shown that the total water-soluble part of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs decreases with an increase in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and the total concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb). Four of the nine relevant correlations are clear, significant, and reliable.
Adsorption of Zinc and Iron Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Waste Material as Adsorbent
Authors:   Chemical engineering department, Al-Nahrain university, Iraq, Baghdad, Jabbar Marwa F. Abdul , Rashid Sarmad A. ,   Chemical engineering department, Baghdad university, Iraq, Baghdad, Naife Tariq M. ,   Chemical engineering department, Baghdad university, Iraq, Baghdad
Published: December 2023

Reducing or eliminating ions of toxic heavy elements such as iron and zinc from aqueous solutions has been adopted in this research. The batch process is used to remove metal ions using a cheap adsorbent material that is called hawthorn nucleus. In addition, the influences of contact time, pH, metal ions concentration, and adsorbent dose on the removal percentage have been studied. This study showed that adsorption or removal efficiency increases over time and the quantity of the adsorbent material, as well as pH showed that the equivalent and negative charges category is preferred for adsorption by the hawthorn nucleus. The highest removal efficiency was found to be 91% for zinc and 95% for iron. In such conditions, i.e., 120 minutes time, the metal concentration is 25 ppm, the amount of the adsorbent material is 5 g/L and pH is 10 for zinc and 7 for iron. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics were also investigated for both metal ions. The results showed that the adsorption findings followed Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic for adsorption isotherm and kinetics, respectively.
Fabrication of Activated Carbon/Chitosan Hybrid Material for Adsorptive Removal of Pb (II)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, Perera Rajith A. , Perera Ruwan T. ,   Department of Indigenous Medical Resources, Faculty of Indigenous Health Sciences and Technology, Gampaha Wickramarachchi University of Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka, Rajapakse Chandima. S. K. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Published: December 2023

In this study, a novel, cost-effective and environmentally friendly activated carbon/chitosan hybrid material (ACCHM) was synthesized by incorporating surface properties of both the activated carbon derived from rice husk and chitosan extracted from “Black Tiger” shrimp shells to generate a highly functionalized porous material with enhanced Pb (II) adsorption capacity for water purification.
Hygienic assessment of daily dietary intake of medical students
Authors: Makarova IO
Published: December 2023

It is difficult to overestimate the relevance of the study of the actual nutrition of students of higher education institutions, as nutrition is the most important component of healthy lifestyle. The aim of the study was to perform hygienic assessment of the medical university students’ daily dietary intake. The study involved 1200 students of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years at the department of general medicine, pediatric department and dental department. The method of studying actual nutrition with the help of an electronic food diary, where the subjects entered information about the foods consumed during the day, was chosen to record actual nutrition facts. Data processing showed that the daily nutritional intake of students at all the studied faculties was characterized by reduced caloric content, reduced intake of nutritional substances, lack of systematization of meals and eating mainly in the evening. Thus, hygienic assessment of the medical students’ daily dietary intake revealed shortcomings in the organization of nutrition of this population group, which should be eliminated in order to preserve and improve the health of future specialists. In subsequent studies, one would need to assess the nutrition of different gender groups in order to trace the emerging nutritional stereotypes in groups of young men and women, taking into account the differences in age and the chosen specialty.
From the Experience of Developing an Elective Course “National-Regional Component in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language” for Undergraduate Students of the Faculty of Philology
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Dishkant Elena V.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the experience of creating a training course “National-regional component in the teaching of the Russian Language” for undergraduate students studying in the direction of “Philology” of the orientation “Teaching philological disciplines (Russian as a foreign language)”. The content part includes local lore infor-mation about the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), traditional culture of the Sakha people and indigenous minorities of the North, the sights of the region. The practical part is aimed at developing skills in preparing educational and methodological materials on Russian as a foreign language, taking into account regional specifics. The author presented the results of the incoming and final survey among students on the knowledge of country-specific material about the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and demonstrated the educational and methodological materials developed by the students on the Russian as a foreign language with the inclusion of a national-regional component: a dictionary of regional vocabulary, educational texts, creative tasks, case studies.
The First Central Asian Episode in US Foreign Relations: Eugene Schuyler, Turkestan, and America’s Tacit Acknowledgment of Russia as a Eurasian Power
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: December 2023

Eugene Schuyler was the first American to travel to Central Asia. Recognized as a scholar diplomat, he had written extensively on Russia and served as the US consul to Reval and the secretary of the American legation in St. Petersburg. During his diplomatic service in Russia, Schuyler was granted absence of leave to visit Central Asia and witnessed the Russian conquest of the region. He was also accompanied by the Russian army to visit the Ili region in Xinjiang amid the Dungan Revolt (1862–1877). Schuyler’s unusual experience was detailed in his travelogue Turkistan, Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara, and Kuldja. This paper aims to analyze his travelogue to track down the earliest American contact with Central Asia. It argues that the US, even though aware of Russian military activity in the region from Schuyler’s report, tacitly acknowledged Russia’s hegemony in Asia. This could be attributable to Schuyler’s partiality to Russia’s cause, the generally congenial atmosphere in the US-Russia relations in the 1870s, and the absence of perceived US interests in Central Asia. The US foreign policy decision of the 1870s had far-reaching economic consequences and lasting political implications into the 19 th century and beyond.
New concepts of coxofemoral joint stability and the development of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating hip joint laxity in the dog
Authors: Smith Gail K. , Biery Darryl N. , Gregor Thomas P.
Published: December 2023

From mechanical principles and postmortem observations of coxofemoral joints of dogs, a hydrostatic mechanism influencing hip joint stability was discovered. This discovery led to the development of a stress-radiographic positioning method to quantitate hip joint laxity in dogs. The method incorporated 2 views with the dog in supine position and hips at neutral flexion/extension angle: a compression view, with the femoral heads fully seated in the acetabula; and a distraction view, with the femoral heads at maximal lateral displacement. An index measurement method was formulated to quantitate the relative degree of joint laxity appearing in either the compression or distraction view. Clinical evaluation of 6 dogs was done to compare the compression/distraction method with the standard hip-extended radiographic method. Also, the stress-radiographic method was performed on 16-week-old Borzoi and German Shepherd Dogs to compare the characteristics of inherent hip joint laxity in these breeds. In all dogs tested, hip joint laxity was masked by the standard hip-extended view as indicated by a 2.5-fold improvement in sensitivity to hip joint laxity of the new method (P < 0.00001). Moreover, the mean hip joint laxity of 16-week-old German Shepherd Dogs exceeded the mean hip joint laxity of Borzois by 79% (P < 0.00001). Reports in the literature document the incontrovertible association of hip joint laxity to the development of hip dysplasia in dogs. We believe the ability to accurately quantitate hip joint laxity will provide key diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the selection of pet dogs, and more importantly, breeding stock.
Total ear canal ablation combining bulla osteotomy and curettage in dogs with chronic otitis externa and media
Authors: Beckman Samuel L. , Henry William B. , Cechner Paul
Published: December 2023

Ear canal ablation combining bulla osteotomy and curettage was performed on 44 dogs (n = 72 ears). Indications for the procedure included one or more of the following: chronic nonresponsive otitis externa and/or media (n = 71), tumor in the horizontal portion of the ear canal (n = 1), failed lateral ear resection (n = 11), ossified auricular cartilages secondary to chronic otitis externa (n = 22), failed previous total ear canal ablation (n = 1), and otitis interna (n = 1).

In 40 dogs, the surgery was successful in alleviating all clinical signs of otitis externa and media. During the immediate postoperative period, 2 dogs died of causes unrelated to otitis. Complications related to the surgery developed in 9 of the surviving 42 dogs.

Ultimately, 95% (40 of the surviving 42) of the dogs were cured by use of this procedure. Surgery successfully resolved the original problems in 97% (66 of 68) of the surgically treated ears of these dogs.
Toxoplasmosis and other causes of abortions in sheep from north central United States
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Kirkbride C. A.
Published: December 2023

Between 1983 and 1989, we examined 1,201 aborted fetuses and dead lambs from the north central United States. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 17.5%, campylobacteriosis in 9.9%, chlamydiosis in 4.7%, and miscellaneous infections in 15.1%. Inflammatory lesions suggestive of infectious causes were seen in 13%. Noninfectious causes were identified in 6.1%, and a diagnosis was not reached in 33.3%. An agglutination test was used to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in ovine fluids. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 223 of 1,064 (20.9%) fluids from fetuses and dead lambs. Of 201 seropositive (≥ 16) fetuses and lambs, T gondii antibody titers (reciprocal) were 16 (21 fetuses and lambs), 32 (10 fetuses and lambs), 64 (2 fetuses and lambs), 128 (7 fetuses and lambs), 256 (9 fetuses and lambs), 512 (5 fetuses and lambs), 1,024 (15 fetuses and lambs), 2,048 (13 fetuses and lambs), 4,096 (13 fetuses and lambs), 8,196 (13 fetuses and lambs), 16,392 (19 fetuses and lambs), and ≥ 32,784 (74 fetuses and lambs).
Brucella ovis excretion in semen of seronegative, clinically normal breeding rams
Authors: Bulgin Marie S.
Published: December 2023

A commercial flock of Suffolk and Suffolk-cross breeding rams was monitored for 5 years in an effort to control epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis. Scrotal palpation, semen evaluations, and vaccination against B ovis were used the first 3 years. Serologic evaluation (complement fixation and elisa) was added the fourth year, and bacteriologic culturing was added to the program the fifth year.

Semen culturing in the fifth year revealed 9 (37.5%) of 24 rams were actively excreting B ovis; 6 of those 9 rams were seronegative. Neither semen quality nor the presence of wbc in the semen were dependable criteria to detect these seronegative carriers. In spite of the high percentage of B ovis excretors, few clinical signs of epididymitis were detected in the flock during the last 3 years of the study. It was hypothesized that vaccination protected rams against the clinical disease but not the carrier state. The importance of culturing semen for assessment of a control program was emphasized.
Gastric rupture in horses: 50 cases (1979-1987)
Authors: Kiper Mary Lou , Traub-Dargatz Josie , Curtis Charles R.
Published: December 2023

A computer-based search was conducted of medical and necropsy records of horses admitted to the teaching hospital from Jan 1, 1979, to Dec 31, 1987, to obtain the records of all horses admitted to the hospital for colic and subsequently found to have gastric rupture. Fifty cases of gastric rupture were found. The records were reviewed to obtain data regarding peritoneal fluid analysis. Cell counts of these samples were often erroneous because debris and clumps of bacteria were counted when most WBC were lysed.

A cross-sectional study of gastric rupture cases versus all other colic cases regarding season of admission revealed that there was no association between season and the occurrence of gastric rupture. There was also no increased risk associated with age, gender, breed, and the occurrence of gastric rupture.

One hundred colic cases, matched with the gastric rupture cases by year of admission, were randomly selected via a table of random numbers. A questionnaire regarding age, breed, gender, use of the horse, housing, diet, water source, deworming schedule, and medical history was completed from the medical records and phone conversations with the horse owners. The results indicated that horses on a diet of grass hay or grass/alfalfa hay only or those that drank water from a bucket, stream, or pond were at increased risk for having gastric rupture. In contrast, horses fed grain had a reduced risk.
Long-term jugular vein catheterization in horses
Authors: Spurlock Shauna L. , Spurlock Gareth H. , Parker George , Ward Michael V.
Published: December 2023

The use of soft catheter materials in large-bore veins has allowed safe long-term venous access in human patients. Similar principles were applied to groups of horses; the jugular vein was catheterized for 14 days (group 1) and for 30 days (group 2). Three catheter materials were compared, and the clinical and histologic findings indicated that the least reaction was associated with silastic, followed by polyurethane; polytetraflouroethylene caused marked reaction. Our results suggest that by using catheters made of materials (especially silastic) that are less stiff or rigid, the duration of catheterization can be increased to 14 days or longer with minimal complications.
Evaluation of upper respiratory tract function during strenuous exercise in racehorses
Authors: Morris Elisabeth A. , Seeherman Howard J.
Published: December 2023

Forty-six racehorses with a history of poor performance underwent endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal and pharyngeal function while exercising on a high-speed treadmill. This evaluation allowed the definitive diagnosis of intermittent or continual upper respiratory tract obstruction as a cause of poor performance, as well as the documentation of the dynamic functional anatomy of the obstruction. Ten of the horses (22%) were determined to have afunctional abnormality of the upper respiratory tract. These abnormalities included epiglottic entrapment (1 horse), persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise (4 horses), and left laryngeal hemiplegia (5 horses). Thirty-two horses were observed to have signs of left laryngeal hemiparesis (asynchronous arytenoid movement) at rest that did not impair full laryngeal abduction during strenuous exercise.
Clinical and immunologic response of cattle to administration of a vaccine containing modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Ellis J.A. , Davis W.C. , Talens L. , Pratt D.L.
Published: December 2023

Healthy yearling beef and dairy cattle were inoculated with a vaccine containing modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (ml-brsv), and sequential changes in clinical signs of disease, blood leukocyte subsets, brsv-specific antibody titer, and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses were monitored. Vaccination with ml-brsv did not cause pyrexia, local or systemic hypersensitivity reaction, or respiratory tract disease. Episodes of leukopenia, abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets, or depression of phytomitogen-induced blastogenic responses were not observed subsequent to vaccination. Exposure to ml-brsv resulted in at least a 16-fold increase in serum neutralizing antibody titer, with no increase seen in nonvaccinated contact controls. Significant brsv-specific lymphocyte blastogenic responses were not detected, using one dose of several brsv antigen preparations in a whole blood culturing system.
Antimicrobial therapy for rams with Brucella ovis infection of the urogenital tract
Authors: Dargatz D.A. , Smith J.A. , Knight A.P. , Farin P.W. , Kimberling C.V.
Published: December 2023

Rams shedding Brucella ovis in semen but without palpable abnormalities of the epididymides were treated with long-acting oxytetracycline for 15 days and dihydrostreptomycin for 7 days (n = 9) or conventional oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin (n = 9) for 7 days. Nine rams were not treated. More treated rams were considered to have satisfactory breeding soundness examination results at posttreatment weeks 3, 7, 12, and 19. Nontreated rams continued to shed B ovis in semen. After treatment, B ovis was not recovered from 78% of rams given long-acting oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin or from 89% of rams given conventional oxytetracyclne and dihydrostreptomycin. At week 21, all rams were euthanatized, and specimens of the testes and epididymides were bacteriologically cultured for B ovis. Brucella ovis was not recovered from the testes of rams or from the epididymides from rams not shedding the organism in the semen. In one treated ram, B ovis was recovered from the semen but not from other tissues. All rams remained elisa-positive, with the exception of 2 treated rams that ceased shedding B ovis in semen immediately after treatment was started; both these rams became elisa-negative on the last examination at week 19.
Randomized blind trial of a commercial FeLV vaccine
Authors: Pollock Roy V. H. , Scarlett Janet M.
Published: December 2023

A randomized blind trial of a commercial FeLV vaccine was conducted to evaluate its performance in cats under conditions of long-term natural exposure. Seventy-nine nonviremic, seronegative cats were randomized into 2 groups. Cats were given 3 doses of either FeLV vaccine or placebo (killed rabies virus vaccine) sc at weeks 0, 3, and 9 of the trial. Six weeks later, 44 known-viremic cats were added to the colony. Cats were housed in a single large room and food dishes and litter pans were used in common. Blood samples were collected at 4, 8, and 12 months after the addition of the viremic cats and were assayed for viremia by use of elisa. Twelve-month samples were also assayed independently by use of indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Investigators conducted assays on coded samples without knowledge of the cat's vaccination status; neither the investigators nor colony personnel knew which cats had been given the FeLV vaccine and which had been given the placebo until the twelfth month of exposure. After 12 months of cohabitation with infected cats, vaccinated cats had a significantly (P ≤ 0.02) lower incidence of persistent viremia (defined as 2 positive elisa test results at least 8 weeks apart or 1 positive indirect fluorescent antibody test result), compared with the placebo-inoculated cats. The incidence of persistent viremia was approximately 3 times greater among the placebo-inoculated cats than among vaccinates.
Bone scintigraphy in the initial evaluation of dogs with primary bone tumors
Authors: Berg John , Lamb Christopher R. , O'Callaghan Michael W.
Published: December 2023

Bone scintigraphy was performed as part of an initial diagnostic evaluation of 70 dogs admitted with primary bone tumors during a 2-year period. Tumors involved major long bones of the appendicular skeleton and included 62 osteosarcomas, 6 fibrosarcomas, and 2 chondrosarcomas. All dogs were free of radiographically detectable pulmonary metastases.

Bone scintigraphy was not of value in distinguishing among various types of primary tumors. One dog with an ulnar chondrosarcoma had a scintigraphically detectable occult osseous metastasis or synchronous primary tumor, and 1 dog with osteosarcoma had a scintigraphically detectable lymph node metastasis. Pulmonary metastases were not detected scintigraphically. Of the 70 dogs, 44.3% had areas of increased isotope uptake associated with nonneoplastic disease processes.
Cat aggression redirected to people: 14 cases (1981-1987)
Authors: Chapman Barbara L. , Voith Victoria L.
Published: December 2023

Among 27 cases of cat aggression manifested toward people, 14 cases were diagnosed as redirected or probable redirected aggression, because the cat was already highly aroused by other stimuli before attacking a person. A detailed behavioral history enabled identification of arousing stimuli. The most common arousing stimulus was the presence of another cat. Other arousing stimuli included high-pitched noises, visitors in the house, a dog, an unusual odor, and being outdoors unexpectedly. Medical problems or other behavioral abnormalities were not detected in any of the cats that could explain their aggressive behavior. Management consisted of avoidance or elimination of arousing stimuli wherever possible and extensive client education. On follow-up there was no recurrence of redirected attacks in 4 cats, variable decreases in the severity and frequency of attacks in 5 cats, and no change in 1 cat. Three cats were euthanatized, including one that had shown some improvement. Follow-up information was not available for the 2 remaining cases. Redirected aggression in cats is not well documented and may be misdiagnosed as idiopathic aggression or other behavioral abnormality. Although redirected attacks may be sudden, severe, and frightening, with careful management, a favorable outcome is possible.
Contracture test and histologic and histochemical analyses of muscle biopsy specimens from horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Hildebrand S.V. , Arpin D. , Cardinet G.
Published: December 2023

Biopsy specimens of the cutaneous omobrachialis muscle were obtained from 10 horses with a problem of myositis from mild exercise. One horse had been evaluated previously and malignant hyperthermia-like contractures developed in its muscle biopsy specimen during the contracture test. In this study, the halothane-caffeine contracture test and histologic and histochemical evaluations were performed on muscle biopsy specimens. In the contracture test, no muscle biopsy specimen developed contracture in the presence of 2 or 4% halothane alone. The mean (± sem) caffeine-specific concentration in the presence of halothane was 5.23 ± 0.5 mM for 2% halothane, and 4.46 ± 0.6 mM for 4% halothane. The caffeine-specific concentration values were not significantly different. Contracture response for any muscle specimen did not resemble contracture associated with malignant hyperthermia.

The cutaneous omobrachialis muscle was composed of type-II fibers, with type-I fibers seldom seen. For 9 of the 10 horses, overall fiber morphology was normal; 1 horse had necrotic fibers. Of the 10 muscle specimens, 9 had fibers that had positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase activity; 3 muscle specimens contained ringed myofibers.

Three horses of this study were administered general anesthesia; 2 were research horses, anesthetized with halothane and succinylcholine, and 1 was a clinical case given halothane anesthesia plus a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. One research horse developed a malignant hyperthermia-like reaction to anesthesia, with severe rhabdomyolysis evident after anesthesia, and an episode of muscle cramping in its stall 2 days after anesthesia. The other 2 horses had unremarkable postanesthetic periods.
Herd benefit-to-cost ratio and effects of a bovine mastitis control program that includes blitz treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J.
Published: December 2023

Twelve dairy herds that had participated in the Pennsylvania Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) program for at least 12 months, that had a 12-month mean DHIA somatic cell count > 700,000 cells/ml, and that had > 25% of lactating cows infected with Streptococcus agalactiae participated in a herd blitz treatment program. Initially, quarter milk samples for bacteriologic culturing were collected from all lactating cows. Subsequently, all cows identified as infected with Str agalactiae were treated, using a commercial penicillin-novobiocin intramammary infusion product. In addition, a herd mastitis management program of postmilking teat dipping and treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period was instituted. Thirty days after the initial herd visit, samples from all lactating cows were again cultured, and cows infected at that time were treated. Twelve months after the initial herd visit, samples from all lactating cows were again cultured.

Mean prevalence of infection with Str agalactiae decreased (P < 0.05) from 23.0% of quarters and 41.6% of cows initially to 3.4% of quarters and 9.3% of cows at 30 days and 1.6% of quarters and 4.2% of cows at 1 year. Mean herd DHIA somatic cell count decreased (P < 0.05) from 918,000 cells/ml initially to 439,000 cells/ml at 30 days and 268,000 cells/ml at 1 year. The mean net increase in 365-day DHIA rolling herd production for the first year after treatment was 512 kg of milk and 14 kg of butterfat.

Benefit-to-cost ratios were estimated for 3 methods of identifying cows for treatment in a blitz treatment program. Analysis revealed similar economic gains for culturing of all lactating cows followed by treatment of those infected with Str agalactiae (benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.28:1), and for treatment of all lactating cows with a DHIA linear somatic cell count score ≥ 4, regardless of infection status (benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.18:1).

Treatment of all lactating cows, regardless of somatic cell count or infection status, was least cost-effective (benefit-to-cost ratio, 1.26:1). It is suggested that blitz treatment, used with postmilking teat dipping and treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period, is an economically justifiable program for herds with high prevalence of Str agalactiae mastitis, and owing to labor considerations, the use of DHIA linear somatic cell counts may be the best method to identify cows for treatment.
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to estimate prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle of Florida
Authors: Braun R. Kenneth , Buergelt Claus D. , Littell Ramon C. , Linda Stephen B. , Simpson James R.
Published: December 2023

A survey was conducted from 1986 through 1987, for which an ELISA was used to obtain information on the prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in cattle of Florida. Results revealed prevalence of 8.6% in beef cattle and 17.1% in dairy cattle. In beef and dairy cattle, prevalence increased with increasing herd size. It was concluded that ELISA-detectable circulating antibodies to M paratuberculosis are widespread in cattle of Florida.