bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Phthalides and Isochromanone Derivatives from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Penicillium bialowiezense A3
Authors: Lv Yinghui , Gong Linfeng , Zhang Gaiyun , Wu Jingna , Hong Bihong , Niu Siwen
Published: September 2024

Two new phthalide derivatives, namely bialowalides A (1) and B (8), and one new isochromanone analogue biourgalide C (11), together with 8 known phthalides (2–7, 9, and 10) as well as two known isochromanones (12 and 13) were discovered from the EtOAc extract of the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Penicillium bialowiezense A3. The structures were resolved on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (NMR and HRESIMS data), in association with the modified Mosher's method and ECD data for the determination of the absolute configurations. All isolated secondary metabolites (1–13) were tested their antiviral activities against the SARS‐CoV‐2 trVLP pseudovirus at a concentration of 25 μM. As a result, compounds 1, 5, 11, and 12 exhibited the inhibitory effects against the luminescence at 46.2 %, 39.6 %, 45.5 %, and 48.8 %, respectively.
First‐in‐human: Leaflet laceration with balloon mediated annihilation to prevent coronary obstruction with radiofrequency needle (LLAMACORN) for valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Mew Christina , Dahiya Arun , Chong Adrian A. , Hayman Samual M. , Moore Peter T. , Harrop Danielle L. , Reyaldeen Reza , Cole Christopher M. W. , Ross Jordan D. W. , Roberts Shaun , Korver Kellee A. , Cox Stephen V. , Camuglia Anthony C.
Published: September 2024

Coronary obstruction (CO) is a potential pitfall for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), especially in valve in valve procedures into degenerated surgical or transcatheter prostheses. Bioprosthetic leaflet modification techniques that incorporate electrosurgery are evolving as the preferred strategy to mitigate the risk of CO in high CO risk settings. The UNICORN method is proposed as a more predictable leaflet modification strategy than the earlier described BASILICA approach, but its proponents have hitherto mandated the use of a balloon‐expandable valve (BEV) prosthesis. Many patients have small prostheses and therein face a significant risk of patient prosthesis mismatch with BEV in this setting. This risk may be curtailed if a self‐expanding valve (SEV) prosthesis could be used. Herein described is a modified approach to allow for the utilization of SEV systems in this setting.
Practices and outcomes of rotational atherectomy in China: The Rota China registry
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Hong , Bai Xiaojun , Zhang Li , Li Chengxiang , Mao Xiaobo , Chen Jue , Luo Jianfang , Zhao Yan , Zhou Binquan , You Bei'an , Zhang Yuelan , Ma Likun , Du Zhimin , Chen Yan , Sun Fucheng , Qiu Chunguang , Shen Zhujun , Wen Shangyu , Mintz Gary S. , Ye Fei , Nie Shaoping ,   China Rota Elite Group
Published: September 2024

Background

Rotational atherectomy (RA) remains an integral tool for the treatment of severe coronary calcified lesions despite emergence of newer techniques. We aimed to evaluate the contemporary clinical practices and outcomes of RA in China.

Methods

The Rota China Registry (NCT03806621) was an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multicenter registry based on China Rota Elite Group. Consecutive patients treated with RA were recruited. A pre‐designed, standardized protocol was recommended for the RA procedure. The primary safety endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization) at 30 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was procedural success.

Results

Between July 2018 and December 2020, 980 patients were enrolled at 19 sites in China. Mean patient age was 68.4 years, and 61.4% were men. Radial access was used in 79.1% patients, and 32.7% procedures were guided by intravascular imaging. A total of 22.6% procedures used more than 1 burr, and the maximal burr size was ≥1.75 mm in 24.4% cases, with burr upsizing in 19.3% cases, achieving a final burr‐to‐artery ratio of 0.52. Procedural success was achieved in 91.1% of patients, and the rate of 30‐day and 1‐year MACE was 4.9% and 8.2%, respectively. Multivariable analysis identified the total lesion length (HR 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002–1.027; p = 0.021) as predictor of 30‐day MACE, and renal insufficiency (HR 1.916, 95% CI: 1.073–3.420; p = 0.028) as predictor of 1‐year MACE.

Conclusions

In this contemporary prospective registry in China, the use of RA was effective in achieving high procedural success rate with good short‐ and long‐term outcomes in patients with severely calcified lesions.
Synthesis of Axially and Centrally Chiral N‐Alkenyl Indoles by Asymmetric Rh‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Teng Qi , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu
Published: September 2024

Axially chiral indoline‐based scaffolds are virtually universal in biological and pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, we demonstrate the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,6‐enynes with steric hindered N‐alkynyl indoles, which enables simultaneous construction of both axial and central chirality, containing a quaternary carbon center, in one step. Notable features of these reactions include excellent chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, 100% atom‐economy, easily available SEGPHOS ligand, and mild conditions.
Unraveling Molecular Diffusion Behaviors on the Acidic Sites of H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite Using Time‐Resolved In Situ FT‐IR Technique
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Yu , Teng Jiawei , Wang Yangdong , Xie Zaiku
Published: September 2024

Zeolites, renowned for their abundant crystalline structures and moderate acidities, have garnered significant attention in industrial chemical processes. Among them, the diffusion behaviors of various hydrocarbons within zeolite play a pivotal role due to their profound impact on product selectivity and separation efficiency. While acid sites are essential in determining the catalytic performance of zeolites, their effect on intra‐crystalline diffusivities has often been neglected in catalyst design. Herein, we employ a homemade time‐resolved in situ Fourier Transform Infrared (TR in situ FT‐IR) spectroscopy to investigate the intricate interplay between Brønsted acid sites and various probe molecules. Our study reveals that an augmentation in the density of Brønsted acid sites within H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites remarkably enhances the diffusivity of 1‐butene, in stark contrast to the behavior observed for iso‐butane. This contrasting effect in diffusivity is attributed to the distinct nature of interactions between alkenes and alkanes with Brønsted acid sites. Specifically, the π‐H interactions between alkenes and acid sites act as a driving force, propelling the alkene molecules forward through the zeolite pores. These findings offer valuable insights into designing tailored zeolites with specific acid site properties, controlling the transport behaviors of various probe molecules, and promising new avenues for catalysis and separation.
Manipulating the Substituent Sphere of a Bicyclic Silicon(I) Ring Compound Results in Anionic Cubane‐Type Clusters and a Tetrahedral Silanide
Authors: Quest Michael , Hepp Alexander , Hebenbrock Marian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Bresien Jonas , Lips Felicitas
Published: September 2024

The reaction of the bicyclic silicon(I) ring compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4 1 with strong zwitterionic character and moderate sterical demand of the amido substituents with two equivalents of KC8 was investigated. This resulted in the unexpected abstraction of two amido substituents from 1 and additionally in dimerization to a dianionic Si8 cluster compound 2 with four unsubstituted silicon atoms and two [K([18]crown‐6)]+ counter cations. Performing this reaction in the absence of [18]crown‐6 results in release of only one amido substituent from 1 and dimerization to a dianionic Si8 cluster 3 with only two unsubstituted silicon atoms. This reaction with KC8 was repeated and trapping agents such as SiMe3Cl and tBuCl were added in‐situ whereupon the second isolated homocyclic silylene 4 and a monoanionic hydride and tBu substituted Si8 cluster 5 with one unsubstituted silicon atom were isolated. Furthermore, 1 was reacted with KOtBu which resulted in the selective abstraction of one SiMe3 group and formation of the tetrahedral silanide 6 with one imido substituent bridging an edge of the tetrahedron.
Harnessing Gene Editing Technology for Tumor Microenvironment Modulation: An Emerging Anticancer Strategy
Authors: Feng Shujun , Zhang Yu , Wang Yanyi , Gao Yanfeng , Song Yujun
Published: September 2024

Cancer is a multifaceted disease influenced by both intrinsic cellular traits and extrinsic factors, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) being crucial for cancer progression. To satisfy their high proliferation and aggressiveness, cancer cells always plunder large amounts of nutrients and release various signals to their surroundings, forming a dynamic TME with special metabolic, immune, microbial and physical characteristics. Due to the neglect of interactions between tumor cells and the TME, traditional cancer therapies often struggle with challenges such as drug resistance, low efficacy, and recurrence. Importantly, the development of gene editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR‐Cas system, offers promising new strategies for cancer treatment. Combined with nanomaterial strategies, CRISPR‐Cas technology exhibits precision, affordability, and user‐friendliness with reduced side effects, which holds great promise for profoundly altering the TME at the genetic level, potentially leading to lasting anticancer outcomes. This review will delve into how CRISPR‐Cas can be leveraged to manipulate the TME, examining its potential as a transformative anticancer therapy.
Decarboxylative Alkylation of Carboxylic Acids with Easily Oxidizable Functional Groups Catalyzed by an Imidazole‐Coordinated Fe3 Cluster under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Tamaki Sota , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Tsurugi Hayato
Published: September 2024

Decarboxylative alkylation of carboxylic acids with easily oxidizable functional groups such as phenol and indole functionalities was achieved using a catalytic amount of basic iron(III) acetate, Fe(OAc)2(OH), in the presence of benzimidazole under 427 nm LED irradiation. Kinetic analyses of this catalytic reaction revealed that the reaction rate is first‐order in alkenes and is linearly correlated with the light intensity; the faster reaction rate for the benzimidazole‐ligated species was consistent with the increased absorbance in the visible light region. Wide functional group tolerance for the easily oxidizable groups is ascribed to the weak oxidation ability of the in situ‐generated oxo‐bridged iron clusters compared with other iron(III) species.
A Strongly Ambiphilic Ferrocene‐Based Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene – Specific Decomposition to an Enamine by a 1,2‐Phenyl Shift
Authors: Volk Julia , Heinz Myron , Guthardt Robin , Yadav Suman , Bruhn Clemens , Holthausen Max C. , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: September 2024

The recently described crystalline cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene with a 1,1’‐ferrocenylene (fc) backbone fc(CPh2−C−NMes) (A, Mes=mesityl) is highly reactive due to its particularly pronounced ambiphilicity and is thermally not stable in solution due to an intramolecular insertion of the divalent carbon atom into a methyl C−H bond of the Mes substituent. The closely related congener fc(CPh2−C−N‐p‐C6H4‐tBu) (1) cannot undergo such an insertion reaction. Nevertheless, 1 is too short‐lived for isolation due to a rapid 1,2‐shift of a phenyl group, furnishing the isomeric cyclic enamine fc[C(Ph)=C(Ph)−N‐p‐C6H4‐tBu] (1’) in a specific decomposition process unprecedented for CAACs. Trapping of 1 was possible with carbon monoxide, elemental selenium and with [CuBr(SMe2)], respectively affording the aminoketene 1=C=O, the selenoamide 1=Se and the homoleptic CuI complex [Cu(1)2][CuBr2]. 1 is an even stronger ambiphile than A according to NMR spectroscopic data. Similar to A, 1 does not react with H2, because the experimentally observed intramolecular process is kinetically more favourable according to DFT results.
Management of Sorghum Aphids in Early and Late‐Planted Grain Sorghum With an In‐Furrow Insecticide Application
Authors: Uyi Osariyekemwen , Toews Michael D.
Published: September 2024

The sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi), also known as the sugarcane aphid, has become a significant pest in the southern United States since its detection in Texas and Louisiana in 2013, now affecting 25 states and impacting sorghum yields. Management strategies, such as resistant cultivars and insecticide applications, are employed, but further research is needed to optimize these methods and evaluate the combined effects of insecticide application and planting dates on aphid control and sorghum yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of insecticide applications and planting dates on M. sorghi infestations and grain sorghum yield over three growing seasons in Tifton, GA. Earn 1.0 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by taking the quiz for the article at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Transition Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Single‐Atom Catalysts Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Reaction: A Review
Authors: Ji Youan , Du Juan , Chen Aibing , Gao Xueqing , Peng Mengke
Published: September 2024

As the global energy crisis and environmental challenges worsen, CO2 conversion has emerged as a focal point in international research. CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ER) is a green and sustainable technology that converts CO2 into high‐value chemicals, thereby achieving the recycling of carbon resources. However, the activity and selectivity are constrained by the performance of the catalyst. Although traditional N‐doped carbon‐based catalysts exhibit excellent performance toward CO2ER, the atomic utilization rate in these materials is far from 100 %. Single atom catalysts (SACs) can attain nearly 100 % atomic utilization efficiency because of the fully exposing metal atoms. Therefore, SACs have emerged as one of the hot research materials in the field of CO2ER. Recently, transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon single‐atom catalysts (TM−N−C SACs) have flourished because of their extraordinary catalytic activity, low cost, and excellent stability, demonstrating enormous application prospects in CO2ER. In this review, we concentrate on TM−N−C SACs that electrochemically reduce CO2 to high value products. A comprehensive and detailed discussion were conducted on the synthesis method, chemical structure, chemical characterization of TM−N−C SACs, as well as their catalytic performance, active sources, and mechanism exploration for CO2ER. Finally, challenges and prospects for commercial application of TM−N−C SACs catalysts suitable for CO2ER are proposed.
Research on key circuits of high‐precision servo channel loading card for wing fatigue testing
Authors: Zhao Baoshui , Xiao Yancai , Shen Haikuo , Zhi Shaodan
Published: September 2024

The key circuits of servo channel loading card with high‐precision data acquisition and output functions for wing fatigue testing are studied and improved in this paper. To solve the problem of large offset voltage in some op‐amps, non‐inverting combined amplifier circuit (NCAC) and inverting combination amplifier circuit (ICAC) are proposed by utilizing precision op‐amps combined with wide voltage and high‐power output op‐amps. In the force signal acquisition section, a non‐inverting combined zeroing filter circuit (NCZFC) is proposed to improve the precision of signal acquisition. In the excitation source output section, a non‐inverting combined excitation output circuit (NCEOC) is proposed to improve the precision of the positive excitation output; an inverting combined excitation output circuit (ICEOC) is also proposed, which improves the precision of the negative excitation output and also realizes the inversion of the input and output signals. In the servo drive output section, a non‐inverting combined voltage and current conversion circuit is proposed to improve the precision of voltage and current outputs, which has two modes of non‐inverting combined voltage output (NCVO) and non‐inverting combined current output (NCIO) modes. Simulation experiments in Multisim and actual tests have been carried out on the above improved circuits to verify the stability and precision.
Nutritional condition drives spatial variation in physiology of Antarctic lipid‐storing copepods
Authors: Berger Cory A. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Tarrant Ann M.
Published: September 2024

Lipid‐rich copepods form an essential link between primary producers and higher trophic levels in high‐latitude oceans. These zooplankton can take advantage of ephemeral phytoplankton blooms to fuel development and reproduction. However, we have limited understanding of how the physiological condition of these animals varies in relation to environmental factors such as food availability. Due to high advection, it is likely that physiological plasticity, rather than local adaptation, is primarily responsible for physiological differences within a region. We use transcriptomics and other physiological metrics to understand how two species of copepods (Calanoides acutus and Calanus propinquus) vary across environmental gradients along the West Antarctic Peninsula. For the primarily herbivorous C. acutus, physiological separation between sampling locations appears to be driven by feeding status, and gene expression differences indicate differential expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism, reproduction, aerobic metabolism, and protein translation. For the more omnivorous C. propinquus, physiology and gene expression did not segregate as clearly by location, showed minimal signs of food deprivation at any location, and had a weaker relationship with chlorophyll compared to C. acutus. By comparing these results with concurrent starvation experiments, we find that spatial variation in gene expression reflects short‐term differences in food availability (particularly for C. acutus), and we identify genes whose expression indicates recent feeding status. Further examination of the relationships between food availability, copepod physiology, and population dynamics will ultimately improve our capacity to predict how copepod populations will respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions in the West Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem.
CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ T lymphocytes display pathogen‐specific expansion regardless of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Lodi Lorenzo , Sarli Walter Maria , Ricci Silvia , Pisano Laura , Boscia Silvia , Mastrolia Maria Vincenza , Malinconi Sara , Fusco Eleonora , Sieni Elena , Indolfi Giuseppe , Simonini Gabriele , Galli Luisa , Azzari Chiara
Published: September 2024

The characteristic expansion of T CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ lymphocytes observed in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) proved able to distinguish HLH/MAS from sepsis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. However, the performance of this marker in differentiating HLH/MAS from other pediatric febrile conditions with similar clinical onset and yet entirely different treatments remains unexplored. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies measured in the peripheral fresh blood of pediatric patients attended for suspicion of HLH/MAS were retrospectively recorded and clinical characteristics were retrieved. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies in HLH/MAS patients (15 patients; median: 22.0%, IQR: 11.0–49.0%) were compared with those who presented febrile conditions other‐than‐HLH (28 patients; median: 13.0%, IQR: 3.9–28.7%; p = 0.24). HLH and non‐HLH patients were subsequently regrouped based on the presence of an identified infection (22 patients; median: 27.0%, IQR: 15.2‐72.1%) and compared with those without infections (21 patients; median: 7.6%, IQR: 3.7–24.3%; p = 0.0035). CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ percentages were significantly higher only in the infection group compared with the noninfection one, with a patent pathogen‐specific expansion in Epstein–Barr virus primoinfection and visceral leishmaniasis regardless of the presence of HLH. CD38high/HLA‐DR+CD8+ frequencies do not appear as an HLH‐specific marker as they naturally expand in other clinical situations that are common in childhood and may mimic HLH initial presentation.
Geomorphology and sediment mobility on sand banks: A study of Dogfish Bank, Hecate Strait, Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Boggild Kai , Li Michael Z. , Eamer Jordan B. R. , Stacey Cooper D.
Published: September 2024

Movement of sediment along shallow continental shelves is a natural process with wide‐ranging environmental and economic implications, making it of high importance to marine spatial planning efforts in the offshore. Development of marine renewable energy, for instance, requires detailed understanding of the morphodynamics of mobile bedforms to select foundation types and ensure safe installation of infrastructure in shallow shelf environments. This study evaluates geomorphology and sediment mobility of Dogfish Bank (< 20 mbsl) in the Hecate Strait offshore British Columbia, Canada, using hydroacoustic and airborne bathymetric data combined with seismic profiles and grain‐size information. These data reveal current‐swept features ranging from sediment‐depleted lag to sediment‐abundant sand ridges and dunes, with sand ribbons and furrows in‐between. Seismic reflection data show up to 15 m of surficial sand concentrated beneath north‐aligned sand ridges that dominate the bathymetry of northwest Hecate Strait. Sand ribbons (typically understood sediment‐limited features in shallow marine environments) are notably maintained over seabed with comparable sand thickness to adjacent dunes (i.e. sediment‐abundant features), suggesting local spatial variability in hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics (principally grain size) influence expression of mobile bedforms. Repeat mapping between 2008 and 2019 shows dunes and ribbons both migrate northwards, with largest seafloor changes along northeast‐facing lee sides of dunes, matching closely with published models of sediment mobility which suggest northward bedform migration is largely driven by storms. Median total migration distance is 164 m (northward) for dunes (time‐averaged rate of 14.9 m/year). Sand ribbons show less migration (median northward distance of 73 m) and migrate in a depth‐dependent manner. Because sand ribbons are typically flow‐parallel features, their lateral migration likely results from varying current directions and flow acceleration over shallower seabed. Sand ribbon migration should therefore a consideration in studies examining seabed change, particularly when they are formed over unconsolidated sediment.
Quantifying the effects of carborundum rock surface smoothing for Schmidt hammer R‐value metrics measured on glacial erratics in the North American Great Lakes region
Authors: Shepherd Brianna , Portenga Eric W. , Peplinski Alexys J.
Published: September 2024

Schmidt hammer R‐values, which reflect the degree of rock surface weathering, can be paired with independent rock surface exposure ages to produce Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) calibration curves that are used to provide rapid estimations of exposure ages for undated rock surfaces. In this Letter, we lay the groundwork for later establishing a SHD calibration curve based on glacial erratics deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the North American Great Lakes region. First, we establish a reference R‐value for a calibration boulder, which may be used to facilitate direct comparison of R‐values collected by different individuals using mechanical N‐type Schmidt hammers, specifically. We then assess how no, light or heavy use of a carborundum puck to smooth rock surfaces affects resulting R‐value data. Lastly, we compare two different R‐value metrics on the same rock surface: Rmean (n = 30) versus ΔR (Rmax − Rmin of five consecutive R‐values on the same spot). In all assessments, Rmean is similar for erratic surfaces with no and light surface treatment, and both are significantly lower than Rmean of surfaces with heavy treatment. Thus, we advise against the use of heavy surface treatment in SHD applications. We observe no relationship between inferred erratic age and either Rmean or ΔR, which could arise from inferred ages of erratics being inaccurate, from inferred ages of erratics being too similar or from measuring too few erratics from each landform.
Compressor‐Driven Titanium and Magnesium Hydride Systems for Thermal Energy Storage: Thermodynamic Assessment
Authors: Singh Uday Raj , Bhogilla Satya Sekhar , Jiawei Wang , Sou Hosokai , Itoko Saita
Published: September 2024

Metal hydrides enable excellent thermal energy storage due to their high energy density, extended storage capability, and cost‐effective operation. A metal hydride‐driven storage system couples two reactors that assist in thermochemical storage using cyclic operation. Metal hydride reactors, operating at both low and high temperatures, serve for the storage of hydrogen and thermal energy, respectively. The integration of efficient thermal energy storage technology is known to enhance the efficiency of solar thermal systems. In this regard, during the peak hours of solar energy, the high‐temperature supply heat can be utilized to store hydrogen gas in the low‐temperature reactor, which simultaneously facilitates energy storage in the high‐temperature reactor. Moreover, the temperature and energy released from the reactors are highly dependent on the pressure of the gas. As a result, installing a compressor between the low and high‐temperature metal hydride reactors can help generate additional outputs, such as a cooling effect. This paper conducts a thermodynamic analysis to assess the system's performance, considering parameters such as thermal storage efficiency, coefficient of performance (COP), and COPCCH (combined cooling and heating based COP). Moreover, the performance analysis was carried out for two cases, that is, high‐temperature titanium hydride (TiH2) and magnesium hydride (MgH2). The results show that MgH2 and TiH2 achieve a maximum COPCCH of 1.08 and 0.9, respectively, and system storage efficiency of 76.15% and 74.34%, respectively. In spite of having lower efficiency than MgH2, the TiH2‐based system has the ability to recover heat at a very high temperature.
Drive Cycle‐Based Estimation of Energy Consumption for Electric Two‐Wheeler
Authors: Pandey Bhaskar , Vashist Devendra
Published: September 2024

The transportation sector is the backbone of the economic growth of any country. However, the heavy dependence of this sector on petroleum fuel is a matter of concern for sustainable development. To address this issue countries are working toward green energy‐based transportation, and among all viable solutions electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as front runners. Range anxiety is one of the most prominent concerns in EV adoption. The range of a vehicle depends on the energy consumption so it becomes crucial to estimate it very precisely. There are many standard drive cycles such as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light‐duty Vehicle Test Cycles (WLTC) which are used for the estimation of energy consumption. However, these standard cycles fail to capture the driving behavior of real traffic. Due to this reason, these standard cycles underestimate the energy consumption compared with actual consumption. For more realistic energy requirement estimations, researchers are focusing on the development of real‐world drive cycles specific to a particular geography. In this paper, a real‐world drive cycle of electric two‐wheeler has been developed for the city of Lucknow, India, and compared with the driving characteristics and energy consumption estimates of WLTC. The energy requirement per km for the Lucknow drive cycle and WLTC are found as 14.89 Wh/km and 11.95 Wh/km, respectively, which indicates per km energy required estimation for LDC is 24.60% higher than WLTC.
Pore structure and adsorption capability of marcolithotypes in the Weizhou mining area, western margin of Ordos Basin
Authors: He Wei , Hu Kai , Cao Jian , Yao Suping , Zhang Chao , Wang Bei , Niu Guobin
Published: September 2024

Differences in the pore and fracture systems of four marcolithotypes (bright，semi‐bright, semi‐dull and dull) in coal reservoirs affect the quality of coalbed methane (CBM) and constrain exploration and development of CBM. In this paper, vitrinite reflectance (R
O), maceral composition, proximate analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high‐pressure isothermal adsorption experiments and the mathematical method of fractal dimension were carried out on high‐rank coal samples of different marcolithotypes from the Weizhou mining area in the western margin of Ordos Basin. The results show that from bright coal to dull coal, the R
O and vitrinite content gradually decrease, while the mineral content and A
ad gradually increase. SEM images show that the bright and semi‐bright coals develop open fractures, whereas semi‐dull and dull coals develop closed fractures. According to pore size distribution established by MIP and NMR, the proportion of seepage pores gradually increased from bright coal to dull coal, and MIP fractal dimension of seepage pores (D
M2; 2.3352, 2.3532, 2.3755 and 2.4727, respectively) and NMR fractal dimension of seepage pores (D
N2; 2.8767, 2.9142, 2.9297 and 2.9981, respectively) show that the structure of the seepage pore is progressively more complex from bright coal to dull coal. In addition, percentage of NMR adsorption pores progressively increases from bright coal to dull coal (64.96%, 76.64%, 82.04% and 89.67%, respectively), but total porosity of bright coal (6.74%) is much greater than that of dull coal (1.34%), which results in that bright coal also has the strongest CH4 adsorption capability (Langmuir volume is 22.898 cm3/g).
Pharmacist E‐script transcription service initiated nicotine replacement therapy uptake in pre‐admission clinic: A pilot study
Authors: Meanger Darshana , Webb Ashley , Banakh Iouri , Coward Lisa , Cripps Gael , George Johnson
Published: September 2024

Background

Pharmacist‐led smoking cessation programs in pre‐admission clinics (PAC) have shown to increase quit attempts and achieve abstinence by the day of surgery (DOS).

Aims

To evaluate the feasibility of Pharmacist E‐script Transcription Service (PETS) initiated nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in PAC, including smoking cessation on DOS.

Methods

A single centre, pre and post‐intervention pilot study conducted at an Australian public hospital PAC. In a two‐month intervention period, PAC nursing staff invited smokers (≥1 cigarette/day) to see a smoking cessation PET pharmacist. Pharmacist‐initiated NRT and Quitline© referrals were offered. Cessation outcomes were compared with the preceding two‐month control period. Primary outcome: feasibility of intervention. Secondary outcomes: DOS smoking abstinence rates and three‐months post‐surgery.

Results

PAC nurses identified 112 smokers over 4 months; 53 during pre‐intervention period, and 59 during intervention period. Twenty‐two intervention patients (37%) accepted seeing the pharmacist, with 16 subsequent Quitline© referrals (73%) and 11 NRT prescriptions (50%) written. The median nursing smoking status documentation time increased in the intervention period (1 min vs. 4, p < .001). The intervention did not impact pharmacist's workload. Verified abstinence increased from 8.5% (4/47) pre‐intervention to 9.4% (5/53) post‐intervention, p =1.00. Relapse rates in the intervention period increased (20% vs. 50%) at three‐months post‐surgery.

Conclusion

A PETS‐initiated NRT program in PAC is feasible and increased preoperative use of NRT and Quitline© with minimal impact on smoking cessation.

So what?

This study has highlighted the importance of implementing a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program in PAC however, larger studies are needed to determine the true impact of the program on smoking cessations.
Control strategies for emerging infectious diseases: Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever management
Authors: Srivastava Shriyansh , Kumar Sachin , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Rustagi Sarvesh , Mohanty Aroop , Donovan Suzanne , Henao‐Martinez Andres F. , Sah Ranjit , Franco‐Paredes Carlos
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Crimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a significant public health concern transmitted by ticks. This study seeks to thoroughly grasp the epidemiology and transmission patterns of CCHF, which is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family.

Methods

The study investigates the global distribution and endemicity of CCHF, its mortality rates, modes of transmission (including tick bites, contact with infected animal blood, and limited person‐to‐person transmission), and factors influencing its prevalence across different regions. Genetic diversity within CCHFV and its impact on transmission dynamics are explored, along with efforts to control the disease through tick prevention, antiviral treatment, and the development of vaccines and diagnostics.

Results

CCHFV exhibits widespread distribution, particularly in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, with an overall mortality rate of approximately 30% and a case fatality rate ranging from 10% to 40%. Transmission occurs primarily through tick bites and contact with infected animal blood, with limited person‐to‐person transmission. Livestock workers, slaughterhouse employees, and animal herders in endemic areas are most affected by their frequent interaction with sick animals and ticks. Genetic diversity within CCHFV contributes to variations in transmission dynamics, complicating control efforts. Antiviral ribavirin shows efficacy in treating CCHF infection.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of further research to understand the enzootic environment, transmission routes, and genetic diversity of CCHFV for effective control measures, including the development of vaccines, treatment options, and diagnostics.
Effectiveness of a nurse‐led family empowerment program to improve the quality of life among pregnant adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qadous Shurouq Ghalib , Chunuan Sopen , Chatchawet Warangkana
Published: September 2024

Objective

The present study examined the effects of a nurse‐led family empowerment program on the quality of life of Palestinian pregnant adolescents.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial with a two‐group pre−/post‐test design. The sample consisted of 58 pregnant adolescents recruited from six governmental primary health care clinics in Palestine. Participants were randomly allocated in equal numbers to either the control group (n = 29), which received routine care, or the experimental group (n = 29), which received both routine care and the study program. Data collection instruments included a demographic form and the WHO Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQoL‐BREF). Data were collected twice: at 32 or 33 weeks' gestation to establish a baseline and at 36 or 37 weeks' gestation post‐test. Statistical analyses were performed and included descriptive statistics, chi‐square and t‐tests.

Results

The study findings indicated a significant increase in the mean quality of life scores of the experimental group in the post‐test compared to the pre‐test (P < 0.001). Additionally, pregnant adolescents in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher post‐test QoL scores than those in the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The nurse‐led family empowerment program emerges as a viable and efficacious alternative intervention for improving the quality of life among Palestinian pregnant adolescents.

ClinicalTrials

The study was registered with the NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov on 01/09/2021 with the registration code NCT05031130. It can be accessed via this link: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05031130.
Isthmocele diagnosis: The optimal timing for detection
Authors: Bertucci Emma , Sileo Filomena Giulia , Longo Maria , Tarozzi Giulia , Benuzzi Martina , La Marca Antonio
Published: September 2024

Synopsis

We describe the changes in size of the uterine niche during the proliferative and secretory phases, highlighting the need to standardize the best time of measurement.
5G‐based video summarization: An analysis from a methodological point of view
Authors: Sathe Asha Prashant , Jeyanthi P.
Published: September 2024

Surveillance is one of the fast‐growing applications used for monitoring and watching people, objects, or the environment to collect information and provide security. The surveillance data is in video form, and analyzing large video is challenging because it is essential to do efficient video streaming online. Video summarization comprises selecting, extracting, and aggregating keyframes for creating a synopsis, which is challenging. Though several methods have been proposed for video summarization, most are inconsistent, poor in processing and delivering video content, and do not focus on solving the root problems interlinked with efficient streaming. Thus, video streaming applications require an efficient video summarization model that can overcome existing issues and challenges and improve the overall quality of service integrated with the advanced technology of 5G. This paper has aimed to discuss various methods, approaches, and technologies used for video summarization to design a better model. It also presents various learning models and a taxonomy of available methods and provides a detailed review. The summary of the model used evaluates its outcome and the existing methods for potential future research works. The proposed approach is compared with existing ones to prove the model's efficiency. The result shows that the proposed model achieved a 62.3 and 52.3 F1 score summarizing the TVSum and SumMe datasets, respectively.
A machine learning potential construction based on radial distribution function sampling
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Hori Yuta , Sugisawa Hiroki , Ida Tomonori , Shoji Mitsuo , Shigeta Yasuteru
Published: September 2024

Sampling reference data is crucial in machine learning potential (MLP) construction. Inadequate coverage of local configurations in reference data may lead to unphysical behaviors in MLP‐based molecular dynamics (MLP‐MD) simulations. To address this problem, this study proposes a new on‐the‐fly reference data sampling method called radial distribution function (RDF)‐based data sampling for MLP construction. This method detects and extracts anomalous structures from the trajectories of MLP‐MD simulations by focusing on the shapes of RDFs. The detected structures are added to the reference data to improve the accuracy of the MLP. This method allows us to realize a reasonable MLP construction for liquid water with minimal additional data. We prepare data from an H2O molecular cluster system and verify whether the constructed MLPs are practical for bulk water systems. MLP‐MD simulations without RDF‐based data sampling show unphysical behaviors, such as atomic collisions. In contrast, after applying this method, we obtain MLP‐MD trajectories with features, such as RDF shapes and angle distributions, that are comparable to those of ab initio MD simulations. Our simulation results demonstrate that the RDF‐based data sampling approach is useful for constructing MLPs that are robust to extrapolations from molecular cluster systems to bulk systems without any specialized know‐how.
Exploring naphthalene vapor biofiltration: performance and microbial community dynamics with diverse inoculums
Authors: San Martín‐Davison Jessica , Lebrero Raquel , Vergara‐Ojeda Christian , Scott Felipe , Huiliñir Cesar , Vergara‐Fernández Alberto
Published: September 2024

Background

Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, highly dangerous for human health. It is produced as a byproduct of incomplete combustion of organic material and is frequently present in the air. Biofilters offer an effective alternative for its treatment. The aim of this work was to study the treatment of naphthalene vapors through biofiltration using two biofilters: one inoculated with a consortium composed of Fusarium solani and Rhodococcus erythropolis (BF1), and the other inoculated with a consortium of microbial isolates obtained from a previous biofilter eliminating naphthalene vapors.

Results

The results demonstrate that inoculating a biofilter with a reconstructed consortium of microbial isolates from a naphthalene vapor‐eliminating biofilter allowed a reduction of the startup time from 35 to 5 days, while maintaining a consistent removal capacity (6 g m−3 h−1, equivalent to 80% removal efficiency). It was also observed that the biofilter inoculated with the reconstructed consortium exhibited comparable robustness to a biofilter previously operated for 4 months with naphthalene, with a maximum removal capacity of 14 g m−3 h−1 for a naphthalene inlet load of 17 g m−3 h−1. The study of microbial communities indicates an increase in the bacterial variability, while fungal variability remains low, with Fusarium solani being predominant at 97%.

Conclusions

Results obtained during the startup of both biofilters and by challenging biofilters to increasing naphthalene concentrations or decreasing empty bed residence time showed that startup time can be reduced sevenfold by selecting the microbial consortium. An equivalent performance, in the long run, was achieved for both biofilters. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synthesis of levulinic acid from tobacco stalk via steam explosion and oxidation–hydrolysis route
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Zhihao , Guo Zhongcheng , Ma Yangyang , Yang Xiaomei , Zhou Lipeng , Chen Chen , Wang Fayi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Tobacco stalk, the main waste from tobacco planting, was used as raw material to produce levulinic acid, one of the most important platform chemicals. It was reported that steam explosion was an efficient method to treat lignocellulose to hydrolyze the hemicellulose component. Oxidation treatment combined with catalysis of Al2(SO4)3 proved to be efficient for the conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid in our recent report. Here, tobacco stalk was first treated by steam explosion, and then the solid residue was oxidized and converted to levulinic acid in the presence of Al2(SO4)3.

RESULTS

A xylo‐oligosaccharide yield of 6.6 g 100 g−1 was obtained from tobacco stalk via steam explosion. 15.4 g 100 g−1 (39.6 mol%) yield of levulinic acid was obtained from oxidized tobacco stalk in water at 180 °C in 5 h using Al2(SO4)3 as a catalyst. As high as 20.8 g 100 g−1 (53.5 mol%) yield of levulinic acid can be obtained using NaCl as a co‐catalyst.

CONCLUSION

Steam explosion was efficient for the depolymerization of the hemicellulose component of tobacco stalk to xylo‐oligosaccharide. A simple salt of Al2(SO4)3 showed good catalytic activity for conversion of oxidized tobacco stalk to levulinic acid. Nicotine in tobacco stalk promoted the formation of lactic acid. Thus, the yield of levulinic acid decreased in the presence of nicotine. NaCl enhanced the catalytic performance of Al2(SO4)3. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessing a prediction model for depression risk using an early adolescent sample with self‐reported depression
Authors: Xu Eileen Y. , MacSweeney Niamh , Thng Gladi , Barbu Miruna C. , Shen Xueyi , Kwong Alex S. F. , Romaniuk Liana , McIntosh Andrew , Lawrie Stephen M. , Whalley Heather C.
Published: September 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence is a risk factor for poor physical and psychiatric outcomes in adulthood, with earlier age of onset associated with poorer outcomes. Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA‐RS) is a model for predicting MDD in youth aged >15 years, but replication in younger samples (<15 years) is lacking. Here, we tested IDEA‐RS in a younger sample (9–11 years) to assess whether IDEA‐RS could be applied to earlier onset depression.

Methods

We applied IDEA‐RS predictor weights to 9854 adolescents (9–11 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, United States. We derived incident depression outcomes from self‐reported data at 2‐year follow‐up (11–13 years): incident MDD and increase in depression symptoms (DS). Sensitivity analyses were conducted using parent‐reported data. We assessed accuracy and calibration in predicting self‐reported incident depression and compared this to a refitted model with predictor weights derived in ABCD. Lastly, we tested associations between IDEA‐RS predictors and self‐reported incident depression.

Results

External replication yielded better‐than‐chance discriminative capacity for self‐reported incident depression (MDD: AUC = 61.4%, 95% CI = 53.5%–69.4%; DS: AUC = 57.9%, 95% CI = 54.6%–61.3%) but showed poor calibration with overly extreme risk estimates. Re‐estimating predictor weights improved discriminative capacity (MDD: AUC = 75.9%, 95% CI = 70.3%–81.4%; DS: AUC = 64.8%, 95% CI = 61.9%–67.7%) and calibration. IDEA‐RS predictors ‘poorest level of relationship with the primary caregiver’ (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.73–10.41) and ‘high/highest levels of family conflict’ (OR = 3.36 [95% CI = 1.34–8.43] and OR = 3.76 [95% CI = 1.50–9.38], respectively) showed greatest associations with self‐reported incident MDD.

Conclusions

While IDEA‐RS yields better‐than‐chance predictions on external replication, accuracy is improved when differences between samples, such as case‐control mix, are adjusted for. IDEA‐RS may be more suited to research settings with sufficient data for refitting. Altogether, we find that IDEA‐RS can be generalisable to early adolescents after refitting and that family dysfunction may be especially impactful for this period of development.
Melatonin attenuates affective disorders and cognitive deficits induced by perinatal exposure to a glyphosate‐based herbicide via antioxidant pathway in adult male and female rats
Authors: El Hamzaoui Abdelghafour , Lamtai Mouloud , El Brouzi Mohamed Yassine , Azirar Sofia , Rezqaoui Ayoub , Zghari Oussama , El Aoufi Mustapha , Nouar Rihab , El‐Hessni Aboubaker , Mesfioui Abdelhalem
Published: September 2024

The massive use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBHs), raises several worries, notably their neurotoxic effects. Several studies have explored the consequences of developmental exposure. Our work aims to determine the impact of maternal exposure to GBH on behavioral disorders and memory deficits, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, our study explores the neuroprotective properties of melatonin in male and female offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with GBH 75 mg/kg during gestation and lactation. After weaning, the offspring were treated with melatonin (4 mg/kg) from postnatal days 30–58. Our results show that GBH increases anxiety‐like behavior levels in offspring, as well as depression‐like behavior. GBH also impairs working memory in progeny. While markers of oxidative stress show a disturbance in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, with a more pronounced effect in females, on the other hand, melatonin considerably attenuated the neurotoxic impact observed in the offspring, with higher efficacy in females. The oxidative stress results confirm the antioxidant power of melatonin to counteract the damaging effects of exposure to environmental contaminants such as glyphosate‐based pesticides. It will then be interesting to further our work to fully understand the sex‐dependent effect of melatonin.