bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a new technology for the fight against wax deposits
Authors: Gurbanov Abdulaga , Sardarova Ijabika , Damirova Javida , Mahmudova Zarifa
Published: July 2023

One of the most serious complications in the production, transport and treatment of oil is asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits. Their formation in underground well equipment, as well as in flow lines, collection system pipelines increase the cost of oil production. There are no sufficiently effective reagents to solve these problems. The results of implementation in many other wells testify to the high efficiency of the new reagent. The effect of reagents on the rheological properties of oil was also studied. Sangachal Deniz oil was used as a crude oil sample. We have developed multicomponent and multifunctional reagents M-R, P-R. In addition, due to paraffin formations in the tubing, they had to change 50–60 pipes for new ones every month. As a result of the introduction of M-R reagents, no paraffin deposits were found in the tubing for almost a year The effect of these reagents on the pour point of oils, dispersion, dissolution, and paraffin deposition has been studied. The use of the new reagent was tested at the mines of the oil and gas production department (OGPD) "28 May". The results of implementation in many other wells testify to the high efficiency of the new reagent. The effect of reagents on the rheological properties of oil was also studied. Sangachal Deniz oil was used as a crude oil sample.

The proposed three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model can be used to assess the rheological parameters of oils during their transportation. This layer, of course, cannot thicken indefinitely. Highly effective multicomponent composite compositions were developed to combat complications in the production of high-asphaltene-resin-paraffin oils. As can be seen from, during the reagent dosing period, there were no particular changes in the well performance. Treatment with hot oil on certain days was, as it were, of a preventive nature, since no changes were observed in the well parameters before and after heat treatment. When a certain layer thickness is formed in the tubing, the linear velocity of oil increases and begins to wash it away
Unaprjeđivanje profesionalnog razvoja učitelja primjenom Međusobno povezanog modela
Authors: Mirosavljević Ana , Bognar Branko , Sablić Marija
Published: July 2023

Međusobno povezani model profesionalnog razvoja učitelja kojeg su razradili Clarke i Hollingsworth (2002) temelji se na četiri isprepletene domene učiteljskog djelovanja: vanjska domena, domena rezultata, osobna domena i domena prakse. Cilj je istraživanja provjeriti kako model funkcionira u hrvatskom obrazovnom sustavu na primjeru studije slučaja učitelja biologije. U teorijskom je dijelu opisan pregled teorijskih osnova modela uz osvrt na njegovu primjenu u studijama o profesionalnom razvoju učitelja. Empirijski dio rada prikazuje rezultate istraživanja u skladu s domenama međusobno povezanog modela profesionalnog razvoja učitelja. Rezultati su pokazali složenost mreže procesa promjena učitelja koji se katkad odvijaju istovremeno u navedenim domenama te u različitim smjerovima. Rad doprinosi produbljivanju znanstvenih spoznaja u području profesionalnog razvoja učitelja, što čini bitnu strategiju u postizanju opće dobrobiti učenika i škole, a samim time i obrazovnog sustava u cjelini.
$\Delta$S$^z$=2 quantum magnetization discontinuities proportional in number to the spin s in C$_{60}$: Origin and the role of symmetry
Authors: Konstantinidis Nikolaos P.
Published: July 2023

The quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the fullerene C_{60}60 in a magnetic field has 4s4s ground-state magnetization discontinuities with \Delta S^z=2ΔSz=2 as a function of the spin quantum number ss that disappear at the classical limit. The molecule can be seen as the fullerene C_{20}20 with interpentagon interactions that generate the discontinuities when sufficiently strong. The discontinuities originate from the antiferromagnetic Ising limit for both molecules. The results show how spatial symmetry dictates the magnetic response of the I_hIh fullerene molecules.
Super-diffusion and crossover from diffusive to anomalous transport in a one-dimensional system
Authors: Kundu Anupam
Published: July 2023

We study transport in a one-dimensional lattice system with two conserved quantities - “volume” and energy. Considering a slowly evolving local equilibrium state that is slightly deviated from an underlying global equilibrium, we estimate the correction to the local equilibrium distribution. This correction arises mainly through the space-time correlations of some local currents. In the continuum limit, we show that the local equilibrium distribution along with the correction yields drift-diffusion equation for the “volume” and super-diffusion equation for the energy in the linear response regime as macroscopic hydrodynamics as one would obtain from non-linear fluctuating hydrodynamic theory. We find explicit expression of the super-diffusion equation. Further, we find diffusive correction to the super-diffusive evolution. Such a correction allows us to study a crossover from diffusive to anomalous transport. We demonstrate this crossover numerically through the spreading of an initially localized heat pulse in equilibrium as well as through the system size scaling of the stationary current in non-equilibrium steady state.
Stress and stress-associated disorders in children
Authors: Akarachkova E. S. , Blinov D. V. , Klimov L. V. , Kotova O. V. , Tsareva E. V.
Published: July 2023

Stress in childhood affects not only the current health status of children, but also their psychosocial and somatic functioning at a more mature age, which leads to grave consequences in the long term, as well as higher frequencies of use of healthcare financial resources. The ability of a physician to identify clinical manifestations of stress in children with somatic diseases or during dispensary examination, on the one hand, is important for prescribing adequate therapy, helps determine a preventive approach to the management of children with stress-related consequences, and also to form a relevant set of actions to increase their stress resistance and create an adequate adaptive reserve and reactions at all levels of the body. On the other hand, it is important to identify children under chronic stress (the so-called point of no return), who have a high risk of developing psychosomatic diseases. The article also discusses the basics of a healthy lifestyle for children that makes it possible to not only increase adaptive capabilities, but also essentially mitigate the effects of chronic stress. For example, it addresses recommendations such as complete and proper nutrition, regular physical activity combined with rest, coping skills training. However, the authors emphasize that the most difficult part of all recommendations is their direct fulfilment by children themselves and by their environment (parents, teachers). Therefore, the issues of compliance with the prescribed therapy and preventive actions become very important, especially in situations where their fulfilment is associated with subjective and objective difficulties. The authors tried to suggest some ways of overcoming the latter.
The role of adipocytokines in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Kasparova I. E.
Published: July 2023

Over the past 20 years, the proportion of overweight and obese children and adolescents has increased significantly in most countries. Obesity represents a major cardiometabolic risk and is closely associated with comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is a lot of uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children, mainly due to the various and conflicting definitions that have been proposed. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied significantly in children (from 6 to 39%) depending on the applied definition criteria. According to these definitions, only 2% of children met all the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Over the past decade, studies have shown that, in parallel with the increase in the prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population, NAFLD has become the most common form of liver disease in childhood. In NAFLD, inflammatory cytokines/adipokines and other factors lead to steatohepatitis and/or fibrosis. Recently, several adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines have been identified with significant positive (leptin, chemerin, vaspin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) or negative (adiponectin) associations with metabolic risk factors. Some of them can be considered as pathophysiological factors linking obesity and its complications such as insulin resistance and NAFLD. However, data on other adipocytokines and their role in metabolism remain controversial and partially unknown, especially with regard to their role in childhood (resistin, NAMPT, FGF-21, A-FABP, RBP4, lipocalin-2, omentin-1, hsCRP). Adipocytokines are a novel and powerful tool not only for the diagnosis and stratification of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome, but also as a potential therapeutic target. Adipocytokine therapy requires further study in all patients with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, especially in children and adolescents.
Clinical case of diagnosis of generalized tuberculosis in a child with a positive result of an intradermal test
Authors: Yarovaya Ju. A. , Lozovskaya M. E. , Mosina A. V. , Vasilyeva E. B. , Klochkova L. V. , Stepanov G. A.
Published: July 2023

At present day, generalized forms are rarely found in the structure of tuberculosis in children. A significant risk factor for the development of generalized lesions is prolonged contact with a tuberculosis patient. The diagnosis of a specific etiology is often complicated by the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. Immunodiagnostics, microbiological and molecular genetic research play an important role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the case of the development and diagnosis of generalized tuberculosis in a child of primary school age (7 years and 11 months) with lesions of the lungs, larynx, middle ear. The examination methods included immunological intradermal tests (Mantoux test, RTA test), in vitro test (QuantiFERON-TB), multispiral computed tomography, bronchoscopy and laboratory methods of examination. The manifestation of the disease occurred gradually with the occurrence of hypochromic anemia with a further increase in symptoms of intoxication. A comprehensive examination established a disseminated process in the lungs, larynx and middle ear lesions. Family tuberculosis contact was established when the disease was detected in a child. During the examination, the evaluation result of the Mantoux test showed an increase in sensitivity to tuberculin. The hyperergic result of the RTA test indicated the activity of MBT in the body. At the same time, the irregular conduct of immunodiagnostics using the Mantoux test, the monotony of the test did not allow timely measures to be taken in relation to the in-depth examination of the child for tuberculosis. The specific etiology of the disease was reliably confirmed by cultural and molecular genetic research methods. The child was diagnosed with generalized tuberculosis, disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in the infiltration phase, MBT (+) with drug resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, paraaminosalicylic acid, tuberculosis of the larynx and vocal apparatus, PCR (+) with drug resistance to isoniazid, tuberculous right-sided otitis media, MBT (+) with drug resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, paraaminosalicylic acid. The presented clinical case indicates the need for timely detection of tuberculosis contacts, regular immunodiagnostics, and compliance with phthisiological alertness of doctors of all specialties in relation to children with long-lasting symptoms of various diseases. The complete physical examination using an intradermal RTA test (Diaskintest), microbiological and molecular genetic research methods allows to establish the tuberculous etiology of the lesion.
Clinical efficacy and antioxidant properties of interferon inducers in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children
Authors: Vakhitov Kh. M. , Mamleev R. N. , Vakhitova L. F.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory infections in the practice of a pediatrician occupy one of the leading places. Currently, much attention is paid to various links in the pathogenesis of viral respiratory diseases. Among them, particular importance is attached to the system of antioxidant defense and cytokine regulation of inflammation. It is important to study the effect of various drugs on these links of pathogenesis in order to increase the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic methods.

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and impact on lipid peroxidation of Kagocel® in the treatment of respiratory viral infections in children.

Materials and methods. An observational study was conducted involving 124 children aged 6 to 15 years with manifestations of a respiratory viral infection who received symptomatic treatment, of which 89 children additionally took antiviral therapy with Kagocel®.

Results. Along with the good tolerance of Kagocel® and the absence of side effects in children on the background of its use, a significantly shorter period of regression of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory infection was shown. It was noted that in children taking Kagocel® on the 3rd-5th day of therapy, there is an increase in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma and a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde compared with patients who did not take the drug, which demonstrates the antioxidant effects of Kagocel®, which certainly have a positive effect on the character course of the healing process.

Conclusion. Kagocel® has been shown to have high clinical efficacy and antioxidant effects.
Sunitinib in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sultanbaev A. V. , Nasretdinov A. F. , Menshikov K. V. , Menshikova I. A. , Sultanbaeva N. I. , Musin Sh. I. , Serebrennikov G. A. , Izmailov A. A. , Lipatov O. N.
Published: July 2023

Arsenal of a modern chemotherapist exists on a wide choice of treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma – the discovery of immunodrugs – checkpoint inhibitors, new multikinase inhibitors and their combinations allow choosing the optimal treatment for patients of any risk group. However, the increase in the economic burden on a medical institution, which is observed every year with the emergence of more and more indications for antitumor therapy, is a limitation for the full implementation of modern immuno-targeted regimens. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of using more affordable drug options that are optimal in their antitumor response and are not significantly inferior to the newly introduced schemes. The article presents a brief overview of the mechanism of resistance of a renal cell tumor to drug exposure, describes the evolution of drug therapy for metastatic kidney cancer before the advent of sunitinib: attempts to use various cytotoxic agents, the development of immune-mediated cytokine therapy. The results of clinical trials of sunitinib in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, comparative studies of RECORD-3 and COMPARZ, as well as private clinical cases of the use of sunitinib in real clinical practice are described. Clinical cases show the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the presented patients – the time without progression was 30 and 26 months, and adverse events were controlled and consistent with ongoing clinical trials: patients had hematological toxicity in the form of neutropenia, anemia, arterial hypertension, dermatological toxicity in the form of discoloration hairline and palmar-plantar syndrome. All phenomena were successfully stopped, only in the case of neutropenia, the drug was postponed until the restoration of hematological parameters. It is noted that sunitinib occupies an important place in the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer at the present time.
Features of processor fitting in patients with different types of cochlear implant electrode array
Authors: Pashkova A. Е. , Popadyuk V. I. , Voevodina K. I. , Naumova I. V. , Kirichenko I. M. , Pashkov A. V.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The results of cochlear implantation in patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss are influenced by many factors, including the type of electrode array. The location of the electrodes in relation to neurons of spiral ganglion affects on levels of perception of the patient's hearing sensations.

Aim. To evaluate the dependence of electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) thresholds values and comfortable levels depends on electrode array type.

Materials and methods. 26 patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with cochlear implantation systems were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) patients with a straight electrode array (n = 14); 2) patients with a perimodiolar electrode array (n = 12). We tested speech intelligibility and ECAP thresholds. The difference in the values of both parameters was estimated.

Results. For both groups of patients, the relationship between the threshold's profiles of ECAP thresholds and maximum comfortable stimulation levels was detected. For patients from the first group (straight electrode array), the differences in values between the studied parameters were 30.6 ± 6.1%. In patients from the second group, the differences in the values of the thresholds for ECAP thresholds and the levels of comfortable stimulation ranged 2.4 ± 2.1%.

Conclusion. The perimodiolar electrode array is located closer to the neurons of the spiral ganglion, which may explain the greater relationship between the values of the ECAP thresholds and the levels of comfortable stimulation. This pattern must be considered when programming the processor of the cochlear implantation system.
Hydrocarbon poisoning in pediatric practice
Authors: Dmitriev A. V. , Gudkov R. A. , Fedina N. V. , Terekhina T. A. , Petrova V. I. , Zaplatnikov A. L.
Published: July 2023

The review presents data on the epidemiology of poisoning by petroleum products, their chemical and toxicological characteristics, clinical and radiological signs, and considers issues of treatment and prognosis. Numerous studies show the world-wide prevalence of hydrocarbon poisoning in children under 5 years of age. The largest number of messages comes from the regions of the Middle East and South Asia. The mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of poisoning by such petroleum distillates as gasoline and kerosene are well studied. In the last two decades, poisoning with ignition fluids, which are a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, has been relevant for the Russian Federation. Their toxic effect upon oral administration is realized mainly through the development of aspiration pneumonitis, which is clinically manifested by cough and respiratory failure. Systemic effects are not typical, and neurological disorders are associated primarily with pulmonary hypoxia. A significant risk factor for severe aspiration is the presence of vomiting, attempts to induce it, and gastric lavage. One of the rare but characteristic manifestations of lung damage in hydrocarbon poisoning is the formation of a pneumatocele. Treatment for hydrocarbon poisoning has not been developed enough; respiratory support plays a leading role, in severe cases, early mechanical ventilation. Infusion therapy is not a means of detoxification, and, if carried out to fill the physiological need, should be carried out in a limited amount due to the risk of pulmonary edema. The effectiveness of antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids has not been established. In most cases, hydrocarbon poisoning ends in recovery, lethal outcomes are observed in rare cases. An unfavorable prognosis can be determined, first, by massive aspiration, as well as the presence of alcohols, unsaturated, halogenated and aromatic compounds in the composition of the liquid taken.
Possibilities of prevention of nausea during cytostatic therapy: literature review and clinical cases
Authors: Menshikov K. V. , Musin Sh. I. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Nasretdinov A. F. , Sultanbaeva N. I. , Menshikova I. A. , Ayupov R. T. , Izmailov A. A.
Published: July 2023

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a side effect of cancer treatment, affecting up to 40% of patients. Nausea and vomiting are the most dangerous and also the most common side effects among patients undergoing chemotherapy. CINV remains one of the most worrisome syndromes associated with cancer therapy and can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and metabolic disorders. Risk factors for developing CINV include the patient’s gender and age, a history of CINV, and the emetogenicity and timing of chemotherapy. Options for preventing CINV are 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (i.e., ondansetron, granisetron, palonosetron) in combination with corticosteroids (i.e., dexamethasone) or additionally in combination with NK1 receptor antagonists (i.e., aprepitant, fosaprepitant, netupitant, rolapitant). Palonosetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. The effectiveness of palonosetron for delayed nausea and vomiting is also supported by the results of three randomized trials that demonstrated no side effects of the simplified regimen with palonosetron and single dose dexamethasone for the control of CINV associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy or AC regimen. A clinical observation of the treatment of a young patient with breast cancer is given. After the first course of chemotherapy, the patient developed a rather serious complication in the form of vomiting, which required hospitalization for infusion therapy. The above clinical observation demonstrates the effectiveness of palonosetron in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in a young patient, which made it possible to complete the entire course of treatment. After completion of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, a radical operation was performed and a complete morphological response was noted.
A challenge in paediatrics: concurrent atopic dermatitis and vitiligo
Authors: Smolkina O. Yu. , Krasnikova V. N. , Korsunskaya I. M.
Published: July 2023

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common dermatoses globally. It has been established that it can often be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Vitiligo is one of such comorbidities. This concurrent combination is most often found in paediatric practice, as an early onset is typical for both diseases. Early onset of vitiligo and involvement of a larger area of skin have been shown to be associated with higher odds of atopic dermatitis. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is characterized by altered immune responses, and genetic factors also counts. It has been shown that some of these mechanisms are shared with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, but the issue warrants further study. Oxidative stress triggering melanocytes destruction is believed to be a key factor in the development of vitiligo. In this regard, patients with vitiligo are advised to use photoprotective agents. Today, the study of effects of visible light on the skin is a very topical issue, specifically, particular attention is paid to blue light (400-500 nm). Studies show that it is this wavelength that has a more pronounced negative effect on the skin. However, research findings are contradictory, as this spectrum radiation is used in the treatment of various dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis. Thus, the concurrent vitiligo and atopic dermatitis place certain restrictions on the choice of therapy, care products and photoprotective agents. A photoprotective agent for such difficult patients should protect the skin from exposure to as wide solar radiation spectrum as possible and at the same time not contain potentially allergenic components that can aggravate the course of atopic dermatitis.
Microbiological justification of the advisability of using essential oils of medicinal plants in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Ivanova E. V. , Danilova E. I. , Chainikova I. N. , Chelpachenko O. E. , Fadeev S. B. , Bondarenko T. A. , Bekpergenova A. V.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The role of the respiratory tract microflora violations as an etiological and pathogenetic factor in the development of the inflammative upper respiratory tract disease is indisputable, and the importance of persistence factors of respiratory opportunistic microorganisms (URT) is high. The traditional use of antibiotics and antimycotic agents in the pathology of URT has failed due to a significant increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms and the development of a number of undesirable adverse reactions in patients. An alternative advantage in these conditions is belonged to herbal preparations.

Aim. To conduct a comparative in vitro study of antibacterial and antifungal activities of the plant essential oils as a component of the Dyshi Oil composition and the Dyshi Oil composition itself against opportunistic microorganisms - causative agents of inflammatory upper airway diseases.

Materials and methods. Essential oils of clove, juniper, peppermint, eucalyptus, as well as the composition of oils “Dyshi” were used in the work. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ICIS-278, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 24433 bacterial cultures were used as test cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis 25 strain, isolated from a conditionally healthy person, was chosen as a representative of the URT normobiota. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils was determined by the method of diffusion in nutrient agar, MIC - by the method of serial dilutions.

Results. The presence of zones of pronounced growth retardation of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, as well as yeast-like fungi was established when exposed to the composition of “Dyshi” oils, while separately used oils did not have a visible effect on the growth of bacteria and fungi, which indicates a synergistic interaction of the drug oils components.

Conclusion. The presence of a synergistic antimicrobial effect of the “Dyshi” oil composition against opportunistic bacteria and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida has been proven. The absence of an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a representative of the upper respiratory tract normobiota indicates a possible selective effect of “Dyshi” oil aimed at maintaining the colonization resistance of the URT biotope.
Therapeutic education of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Romanenkova E. M. , Andrianova E. A. , Laptev D. N. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Peterkova V. A.
Published: July 2023

Therapeutic training is an integral part of the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. It makes patients aware of the importance of living well and taking care of their health. It is not possible to successfully control a chronic disease even with the successful use of all medical gadgets of modern medicine without the active participation of the patient. Diabetes mellitus is a prime example of a disease where the success of treatment depends on the patient's active participation. He must not only agree with the doctor's instructions, but also constantly monitor his condition and make decisions related to nutrition, physical activity, health. Managing your health requires specialized training that can be obtained from doctors and other medical professionals. This training program will help the patient to better understand their disease and learn to successfully control it in various life situations. It is important not only to communicate information, but also to help patients make the right decisions and find motivation to change their habits. Education should be tailored to the individual needs of each patient and take into account their psychological characteristics. All this requires serious training of specialists and continuous improvement of methods of schools for patients with diabetes mellitus. The issue of social support for patients is also an important element of diabetes education. The WHO Resolution notes the need to provide patients with access to social and psychological support as it helps them to cope with the psychosocial problems associated with their illness and increases the effectiveness of therapy.
Relationship between vitamin D sufficiency and interferon-γ levels in children with chronic lung diseases
Authors: Dolbnya S. V. , Dyatlova A. A. , Klimov L. Ya. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Zakharova I. N. , Enina E. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The role and mechanism of the effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic lung diseases in children are not yet fully understood. In particular, there are not enough studies on the effect of vitamin D status on the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma.

Aim. To analyse the changes in IFN-γ levels in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma according to the serum 25(OH)D level before and during cholecalciferol supplementation.

Materials and methods. A total of 114 children (aged from 3 months to 18 years old) were examined, including 51 (44.7%) children with bronchial asthma, 34 (29.8%) children with cystic fibrosis, and 29 (25.5%) children of the control group. If hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed, the children received a three-month cholecalciferol course at doses in accordance with the recommendations of the national consensus - Cystic Fibrosis: Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, Therapy and the national program - Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents of the Russian Federation: Current Approaches to Management. The 25(OH)D and IFN-γ levels were twice determined in all children.

Results. Median 25(OH)D levels in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma did not reach the level of healthy children either before or after supplementation with cholecalciferol drugs at the recommended doses. Vitamin D intake resulted in a decrease in IFN-γ levels in healthy children from 3.07 [2.29; 4.81] pg/ml to 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml (p < 0.05), whereas such changes were not detected in the paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma in the general population. However, after supplementation with cholecalciferol, the IFN-γ level was significantly higher in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma - 2.86 [2.13; 3.86] pg/ml and 3.11 [0.89; 5.0] pg/ml, respectively, than in healthy children - 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in IFN-γ level was observed in girls with cystic fibrosis and in healthy girls after supplementation with cholecalciferol, whereas no significant changes in IFN-γ levels were detected in the groups of boys.

Conclusion. Modulation of IFN-γ levels appears to be one of the mechanisms of immunotropic effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic inflammation of infectious (cystic fibrosis) and allergic (bronchial asthma) etiology in children.
Rationale for the use of dexpanthenol drugs as part of the external therapy of dermatoses in children and adults
Authors: Stadnikova A. S. , Tamrazova O. В. , Novik G. A. , Bagramova G. Е. , Vorobeva A. S.
Published: July 2023

Impaired skin barrier plays a major role in the development of many skin diseases and conditions such as dry skin, sensitive skin, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, etc. The topical therapy aims at not only suppressing the inflammatory response in the skin, but also at regenerating the destroyed protective epidermal lipid barrier in atopic dermatitis patients. Dexpanthenol was produced by synthesis in the middle of the last century and is a derivative of pantothenic acid. Topical dexpanthenol is well absorbed through the skin, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a component of coenzyme A, and thus participates in the regulation of the synthesis of fatty acids and sphingolipids, components of the stratum corneum. Therefore, pantothenic acid is essential for the normal functioning of the epithelium. Topical dexpanthenol improves skin hydration due to its hygroscopic properties and ability to retain moisture. The hydrating effect is interrelated with its capacity to regenerate the epidermal barrier of the skin. Dexpanthenol also enhances the differentiation of corneocytes and lipid synthesis, stimulating the regeneration of the epidermis. Numerous studies show that the efficacy of dexpanthenol is comparable to the efficacy of glucocorticosteroids by a weak degree of activity. Dexpanthenol is the active ingredient of Pantoderm, which is available as cream and ointment. Pantoderm ointment and cream contain 5% dexpanthenol. The article presents its own clinical reports of the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis and administration of the combination therapy. It may be concluded that the use of topical glucocorticosteroids combined with dexpanthenol can increase the effectiveness of therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Аssessment of pain intensity: tools and their clinical using
Authors: Karelov A. E. , Ryazankina A. A. , Semkichev V. A. , Karelov D. A. , Zabolotskii D. V. , Kulyova S. A.
Published: July 2023

Pain is an accompanied problem for many pathologic conditions and diseases. Such sensations disappear gradually when related to acute pathology or trauma. However, pain can became chronic and acquire traits of self-sustained disease. In practice, many characteristics can be useful for estimation of pain sensation, and the goal of this paper is to analyze of modern methods for intensity pain assessment in adults and children, of interpretation of pain estimation, and of possible algorithm for next steps. In majority cases, pain intensity is changing parameter. Therefore, pain assessment is performed in some standard points of time. For a quantitative assessment of pain, a scale is proposed to help the patient, relative to the extreme points of which a pointer can be placed indicating the relative severity of his sensations. For such purpose visual analog scale, numeric rating scale, and verbal numeric scale can be used. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, the FLACC scale, the CRIES pain scale can be exploited in small children. In this population the CHEOPS scale, the OPS scale, and the COMFORT scale were recommended to apply after surgery. The final step of interpretation implies that quantitative data converts to ratings. The last ones form to basis of WHO analgesic ladder that is exploited for drugs selection to treat pain, in particular in patients with cancer pain or postoperative pain. From this approach, moderate and severe pain recommends to administer full opioid agonists. However, today there is a good alternative in the form of selective mu1-receptots agonist, which has lower risk of side opioid effects. Thus, in this time, there is some progress in pain management. This progress, in our opinion, is due to improved analysis of the condition of patients suffering from moderate and severe pain, and the emergence of new opioid agonists with high selectivity for the mu1 subclass of opioid receptors.
Safety profile of lorlatinib: correction of adverse events
Authors: Reutova E. V. , Laktionov K. K. , Antonova E. Yu. , Avakyants J. K. , Tkachenko G. A.
Published: July 2023

Lorlatinib is a new third-generation tyrosine kinase (TKI) inhibitor of ALK/ROS1, which has antitumour activity against most of the known mutations of resistance to crizotinib and second-generation TKI, as well as high intracranial efficacy. The safety of lorlatinib was evaluated in a multi-cohort phase I study involving 295 patients receiving the recommended dose of lorlatinib 100 mg once a day. Adverse events of lorlatinib were mainly mild to moderate severity. The most frequent complications – hypercholesterolemia (82.4%), hypertriglyceridemia (60.7%), edema (51.2%), peripheral neuropathy (43.7%) and side effects from the central nervous system (39.7%), were reversible and well controlled by dose modification and concomitant therapy, as evidenced by the low frequency of discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions. The majority of patients (81.0%) required the appointment of at least one hypolipidemic drug. When prescribing concomitant therapy, the possibility of drug interaction with lorlatinib, whose metabolism is carried out with the participation of specific CYP450 enzymes, should also be taken into account. Based on the presented results, an expert consensus opinion was developed on the correction of the main adverse reactions, including hyperlipidemia, complications from the central nervous system, weight gain, edema, peripheral neuropathy and others. No new adverse events were reported in the CROWN Phase III study conducted later. Lorlatinib has a characteristic toxicity profile, which must be taken into account for successful long-term targeted therapy while maintaining a good quality of life for patients. In the Russian Federation, the drug is approved for use in a wide clinical practice both for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the first line, and after progression to second-generation TKI. The article presents recommendations for the correction of the main adverse events of lorlatinib, as well as their own experience in managing patients.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer therapy: the experience with avelumab
Authors: Gritskevich A. A. , Baitman T. P. , Mishugin S. V. , Popov A. Yu. , Yagudaev D. M. , Falaleeva L. A. , Rusakov I. G.
Published: July 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. They are now part of the standard of care for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Maintenance therapy with avelumab has been found to be the most effective compared to other immune checkpoint inhibitors. To date, platinum-containing chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy with avelumab is the only regimen that has significantly improved overall survival in patients with advanced bladder cancer. The article presents the experience of maintenance therapy with avelumab on the example of 3 clinical cases of patients with inoperable forms of urothelial carcinoma. The experience of treating 3 patients who achieved stabilization with standard chemotherapy and received maintenance therapy with avelumab was retrospectively analyzed. The age of the patients ranged from 66 to 79 years, the study included two men and one woman. In two cases, muscle-invasive bladder cancer was initially verified, in one – progression 7 years after the start of treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Only in one of the cases, the volumetric formation of the bladder was radically removed, while distant metastases were detected 20 months after the operation, the rest of the patients did not receive radical treatment. The general condition allowed all patients to receive a full course of platinum-containing chemotherapy (gemcitabine + cisplatin or gemcitabine + carboplatin), partial remission was achieved. Maintenance immunotherapy with avelumab was started within a month of completion of chemotherapy. The duration of maintenance therapy currently ranges from 3 to 17 months; stabilization of the oncological process has been achieved in all cases. No clinically significant adverse side effects were noted in any of the cases. Our experience of maintenance immunotherapy with avelumab corresponds to world practice and illustrates the efficacy and safety of this drug.
Cuidando la salud mental en pandemia desde la teoría de la marea: una experiencia de cuidado
Authors: Ardila Suárez Edinson Fabian , Moreno Rios Martha Milena , Mosquera Valencia Daniela , Saldarriaga Moreno Kelly Yohana , Correa Pérez Mariana
Published: July 2023

Introducción: el suicidio es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial y un problema de salud pública. Dentro de las causas que llevan a los intentos de suicidio se encuentra principalmente la depresión, problema que aumentó considerablemente en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19 en las personas adultas. Experiencia de cuidado: situación de enfermería que permitió el abordaje de una persona de 53 años, la cual ingresó a un hospital de Medellín, Colombia de cuarto nivel de complejidad, secundario a intento de suicidio por ingesta de organofosforados; se realizó el abordaje bajo la perspectiva de la teoría de la marea de Phil Barker y se implementó la metáfora del agua para aplicar el proceso de atención de enfermería. Conclusiones: la teoría de la marea permite orientar de manera integral el cuidado de enfermería a las personas que ingresan a los servicios de urgencias por intento de suicidio, permitiendo tener una visión integral de la persona en tiempos de pandemia.
Development of statistical downscaling methods for the assessment of rainfall characteristics under climate change scenarios
Authors: Onarun Thanipa , Thepprasit Chaiyapong , Sittichok Ketvara
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research was to develop a statistical downscaling approach in the Phetchaburi River Basin, Thailand, consisting of two main processes: predictor selection and relationship construction between predictors and local rainfall. Super predictor (SP) and stepwise regression (SR) were employed with principal component analysis (PCA) and the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was applied later. Four statistical models were finally used: M1 (SP–PCA), M2 (SP–SDSM), M3 (SR–PCA), and M4 (SR–SDSM) with 26 large circulation indices generated by CanESM2 (CMIP5). Finally, the characteristics of extreme rainfall events were observed under three climate change scenarios during three different periods (2020–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100). The results revealed that rainfall and geostrophic airflow velocity were the best predictors for rainfall downscaling, followed by divergence, meridional velocity, and relative humidity. Three objective functions (R2, NSE, and RMSE) were applied to evaluate model performance. The M4 model presented the highest performance while M1 showed the lowest skill. The average annual rainfall specifically increased compared with the historical rainfall for RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios in future periods. Very to extremely wet years determined by the standardized anomaly index (SAI) occurred more often in the far-future while severe to extremely dry years frequently occurred in the mid- and far-future.
Water security: a Geospatial Framework for urban water resilience
Authors: Jain Tholiya Jyoti , Chaudhary Navendu
Published: July 2023

Urban water issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed, modeled, and mapped through cutting-edge geospatial technologies; however, the water sector in developing countries suffers various spatial data-related problems such as limited coverage, unreliable data, limited coordination, and sharing. Available spatial data are limited to the aggregate level (i.e., national, state, and district levels) and lack details to make informed policy decisions and allocations. Despite significant advancements in geospatial technologies, their application and integration at the policy and decision-making level are rare. The current research provides a broad GIS-centric framework for actionable science, which focuses on real context and facilitates geospatial maps and theoretical and practical knowledge to address various water issues. The study demonstrates the application of the proposed Geospatial Framework from technical and institutional perspectives in water-stressed zones in Pune city, showing where and how to solve problems and where proposed actions can most impact creating a sustainable water-secured future. The framework makes it possible for everyone to explore datasets that can provide a baseline for research, and analysis, contribute to the process, propose, and act on solutions, and take the benefits of the outcomes and policy recommendations.
Hybrid microalgae-activated sludge system for carbon-efficient wastewater treatment
Authors: Mohammed Kasim , Ahammad S. Z. , Sallis P. J. , Mota C. R.
Published: July 2023

Engineered microalgae-bacteria systems can play a key role in the realisation of energy-efficient carbon-neutral wastewater treatment technologies. An attempt was made to develop a hybrid microalgae-activated sludge (HMAS) system coupling carbon capture with domestic wastewater treatment. Photobioreactors internally illuminated with red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and inoculated with mixed microbial culture, resulted in substantial savings in operational cost. System performance was evaluated at about 600 μmol/m2 s LED irradiance while treating synthetic municipal wastewater in a chemostat for about 2 months, containing about 250 mg/L soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 90 mg/L NH3-N and 10 mg/L orthophosphate. Carbon dioxide was supplied into the HMAS at 25 mL/min, 25% v/v. SCOD was efficiently removed from the wastewater (up to 70%) and bacterial oxygen requirement of >2 mg/L was met through microalgal photosynthesis. The system demonstrated its potential in achieving carbon-efficient wastewater treatment.
Superación de la aporofobia desde la educación, compasión e instituciones en la ética de Adela Cortina
Authors: Fuentes Valdebenito Nicolás
Published: July 2023

La inmigración es un fenómeno muy presente y esto ha producido consecuencias sociales en donde se ha rechaza al extranjero, es decir, de la xenofobia, pero Adela Cortina va más allá de eso y afirma que no es la xenofobia el sentimiento de rechazo al extranjero en general porque es al extranjero pobre al que se rechaza, por eso acuña el término aporofobia.  Para esto en su ética propone la educación, compasión y respeto activo como respuestas éticas.  Sin embargo, hay que ir a la profundidad del tema que es la superación de la pobreza, es por eso por lo que la creación de instituciones que vayan en esa línea es fundamental. Finalmente, una sociedad sin humillación sería un Reino de los Fines, donde todos valen como fines en sí mismos y no meramente como medios, a la vez una sociedad cosmopolita donde exista el derecho a la libre expresión, al desplazamiento y al derecho político a la participación (Cortina, 2022).
O AMOR É FEIO (E LINDO!): O ESVAZIAMENTO DA PREDICAÇÃO COMO CONCENTRAÇÃO DE VALOR
Authors: Rêgo Carmem Silvia de Carvalho , Saraiva José Américo Bezerra
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da canção O amor é feio, composta e lançada por Marisa Monte, Carlinhos Brown e Arnaldo Antunes no álbum Tribalistas (2002). Sob o aparato teórico-metodológico da Semiótica Discursiva (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2011; ZILBERBERG, 2012) e da Semiótica da Canção (TATIT, 2019, 1997), investigamos as estratégias de enunciação da canção no tratamento das relações amorosas. Com o predomínio quase total da debreagem enunciva e a recorrência de apenas dois motivos melódicos, a canção desenvolve a enunciação de dois pontos de vista sobre o amor, cujas predicações, que transitam de valores disfóricos a eufóricos, vão diminuindo progressivamente, até se esvaziarem, promovendo uma espécie de fusão sujeito-objeto, que parece resultar em um sentido pleno, numa valorização absoluta do amor.