bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 12 years after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in a young female adult with hope of pregnancy
Authors: Akutsu Hirohiko , Kaminishi Yuichiro , Kurumisawa Soki , Misawa Yoshio
Published: February 2016

Case

A 26‐year‐old woman who had congenital aortic valve stenosis presented with exertional dyspnea. She had undergone percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty 12 years previously at the age of 14. When she was 20 years old, she delivered a neonate by elective cesarean section at the 31st week of gestation because the mean pressure between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta was 52 mmHg.

Outcome

She successfully underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve combined with replacement of the ascending aorta in order to make the next pregnancy possible.

Conclusion

The long‐term prognosis of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty might be acceptable for some patients, even though this procedure is associated with the possibility of secondary interventions.
Prediction of awakening from hypothermic postanoxic coma based on auditory discrimination
Authors: Tzovara Athina , Rossetti Andrea O. , Juan Elsa , Suys Tamarah , Viceic Dragana , Rusca Marco , Oddo Mauro , Lucia Marzia De
Published: February 2016

Objective

Most of the available clinical tests for prognosis of postanoxic coma are informative of poor outcome. Previous work has shown that an improvement in auditory discrimination over the first days of coma is predictive of awakening. Here, we aimed at evaluating this test on a large cohort of patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and at investigating its added value on existing clinical measures.

Methods

We recorded electroencephalographic responses to auditory stimuli in 94 comatose patients, under hypothermia and after rewarming to normal temperature. Auditory discrimination was semiautomatically quantified by decoding electroencephalographic responses to frequently repeated versus rare sounds. Outcome prediction was based on the change of decoding performance from hypothermia to normothermia.

Results

An increase in auditory discrimination from hypothermia to normothermia was observed for 33 of 94 patients. Among them, 27 awoke from coma, resulting in a positive predictive value of awakening of 82% (95% confidence interval = 0.65–0.93). Most nonsurvivors showing an improvement in auditory discrimination had incident status epilepticus. By excluding them, 27 of 29 patients with improvement in auditory discrimination survived, resulting in a considerable improvement of the predictive value for awakening (93%, with 95% confidence interval = 0.77–0.99). Importantly, this test predicted the awakening of 13 of 51 patients for whom the outcome was uncertain based on current tests.

Interpretation

The progression of auditory discrimination from hypothermia to normothermia has a high predictive value for awakening. This quantitative measure provides an added value to existing clinical tests and encourages the maintenance of life support. Ann Neurol 2016;79:748–757
Selektive Alkanoxidation an Manganoxid: isolierte, kettenförmige MnOx‐Zentren an der Oberfläche von MnWO4‐Nanostäbchen
Authors: Li Xuan , Lunkenbein Thomas , Pfeifer Verena , Jastak Mateusz , Nielsen Pia Kjaer , Girgsdies Frank , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Rosowski Frank , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette
Published: February 2016

Elektronische und strukturelle Eigenschaften vanadiumhaltiger Phasen steuern die Entstehung isolierter aktiver Zentren an der Oberfläche von Katalysatoren für die selektive Oxidation von Alkanen. Wir zeigen, dass dieses Konzept nicht nur auf Vanadiumoxide beschränkt ist. Durch gezielte Anwendung hydrothermaler Synthesemethoden konnte aus dem typischen Verbrennungskatalysator Manganoxid ein selektiver Katalysator für die oxidative Dehydrierung von Propan entwickelt werden. Nanostrukturiertes, kristallines MnWO4 dient als Trägermaterial, das in der Synthese eine defektreiche MnOx‐Oberflächenphase hervorbringt. Sauerstoffdefekte können bei Reaktionstemperatur reversibel verbraucht und regeneriert werden. Es wird vermutet, dass MnOx‐Zickzack‐Ketten an der Oberfläche von (010)‐Kristallflächen strukturell isolierte Sauerstoffdefekte tragen, die für die unerwartet gute Leistung des Katalysators in der Propanaktivierung verantwortlich sind.
Werner‐Komplexe mit ω‐Dimethylaminoalkyl‐substitutierten Ethylendiaminliganden: bifunktionale H‐Brückendonor‐Katalysatoren für hoch enantioselektive Michael‐Additionen
Authors: Ghosh Subrata K. , Ganzmann Carola , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Gladysz John A.
Published: February 2016

Der racemische Carbonatkomplex [Co(en)2O2CO]+Cl− (en=NH2CH2CH2NH2) reagiert mit (S)‐[H3NCH((CH2)nNHMe2)CH2NH3]3+ 3Cl− (n=1–4) (Wasser, Aktivkohle, 100 °C) zu Λ/Δ‐Diastereomerenmischungen von [Co(en)2((S)‐H2NCH((CH2)nNHMe2)CH2NH2)]4+ 4Cl− (3a–d H4+ 4Cl−), die mit chiralen Sephadexsäulen getrennt werden. Umsetzungen mit NaOH/Na+BArf− (BArf=B(3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2)4) liefern lipophile Λ‐ und Δ‐3 a–d3+ 3BArf−, die als Katalysatoren (10 Mol‐%) für Additionen von Dialkylmalonaten an Nitroalkene getestet werden. Beste Ergebnisse werden mit Λ‐3 c3+ 3BArf− erzielt (CH2Cl2, −35 °C; 98–82 % Ausbeuten und 99–93 % ee für sechs β‐Arylnitroethene). Bei gleichen Et3N‐Beladungen geben die monofunktionalen Katalysatoren Λ‐ und Δ‐[Co(en)3]3+ 3BArf− Enantioselektiviäten von <10 % ee. Die Molekülstruktur im Kristall von Δ‐3 a H4+ 4Cl− bietet einen Ausgangspunkt für Spekulationen über die Struktur des Übergangszustands.
Water‐Assisted Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Isoxazoles and Stereoselective Syntheses of Isoxazolines and 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Kesornpun Chatchai , Aree Thammarat , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat
Published: February 2016

Conventional methods generate nitrile oxides from oxime halides in organic solvents under basic conditions. However, the present work revealed that water‐assisted generation of nitrile oxides proceeds under mild acidic conditions (pH 4–5). Cycloadditions of nitrile oxides with alkynes and alkenes easily occurred in water without using catalysts, thus yielding isoxazoles and isoxazolines, respectively, with excellent stereoselectivity toward five‐ and six‐membered cyclic alkenes. A double stereoselective cycloaddition of two units of a nitrile oxide with cyclohexene was also achieved, thus yielding 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives having a unique hybrid isoxazoline‐oxadiazole skeleton. Enantiomerically pure isoxazolines were prepared from monoterpenes with a ring strain. In one case, the isoxazoline with a butterfly‐like structure was simply prepared, and it might be used as a ligand in asymmetric catalysis.
A p‐Hydroxyphenacyl–Benzothiazole–Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Real‐Time‐Monitoring Drug‐Delivery System Assisted by Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer
Authors: Barman Shrabani , Mukhopadhyay Sourav K. , Biswas Sandipan , Nandi Surajit , Gangopadhyay Moumita , Dey Satyahari , Anoop Anakuthil , Pradeep Singh N. D.
Published: February 2016

Among the well‐known phototriggers, the p‐hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) group has consistently enabled the very fast, efficient, and high‐conversion release of active molecules. Despite this unique behavior, the pHP group has been ignored as a delivery agent, particularly in the area of theranostics, because of two major limitations: Its excitation wavelength is below 400 nm, and it is nonfluorescent. We have overcome these limitations by incorporating a 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) appendage capable of rapid excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The ESIPT effect also provided two unique advantages: It assisted the deprotonation of the pHP group for faster release, and it was accompanied by a distinct fluorescence color change upon photorelease. In vitro studies showed that the p‐hydroxyphenacyl–benzothiazole–chlorambucil conjugate presents excellent properties, such as real‐time monitoring, photoregulated drug delivery, and biocompatibility.
Co@Co3O4 Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotube‐Grafted Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedra as an Advanced Bifunctional Oxygen Electrode
Authors: Aijaz Arshad , Masa Justus , Rösler Christoph , Xia Wei , Weide Philipp , Botz Alexander J. R. , Fischer Roland A. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Muhler Martin
Published: February 2016

Efficient reversible oxygen electrodes for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are vitally important for various energy conversion devices, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, realization of such electrodes is impeded by insufficient activity and instability of electrocatalysts for both water splitting and oxygen reduction. We report highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrodes comprising core–shell Co@Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in CNT‐grafted N‐doped carbon‐polyhedra obtained by the pyrolysis of cobalt metal–organic framework (ZIF‐67) in a reductive H2 atmosphere and subsequent controlled oxidative calcination. The catalysts afford 0.85 V reversible overvoltage in 0.1 m KOH, surpassing Pt/C, IrO2, and RuO2 and thus ranking them among one of the best non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for reversible oxygen electrodes.
Anisotropic Self‐Assembly of Citrate‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles on Fluidic Liposomes
Authors: Sugikawa Kouta , Kadota Tatsuya , Yasuhara Kazuma , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: February 2016

The behavior of self‐assembly processes of nanoscale particles on plasma membranes can reveal mechanisms of important biofunctions and/or intractable diseases. Self‐assembly of citrate‐coated gold nanoparticles (cAuNPs) on liposomes was investigated. The adsorbed cAuNPs were initially fixed on the liposome surfaces and did not self‐assemble below the phospholipid phase transition temperature (Tm). In contrast, anisotropic cAuNP self‐assembly was observed upon heating of the composite above the Tm, where the phospholipids became fluid. The number of self‐assembled NPs is conveniently controlled by the initial mixing ratio of cAuNPs and liposomes. Gold nanoparticle protecting agents strongly affected the self‐assembly process on the fluidic membrane.
Identification of Non‐Faradaic Processes by Measurement of the Electrochemical Peltier Heat during the Silver Underpotential Deposition on Au(111)
Authors: Frittmann Stefan , Halka Vadym , Schuster Rolf
Published: February 2016

We measured the heat which is reversibly exchanged during the course of an electrochemical surface reaction, i.e., the deposition/dissolution of the first two monolayers of Ag on a Au(111) surface in (bi)sulfate and perchlorate containing electrolytes. The reversibly exchanged heat corresponds to the Peltier heat of the reaction and is linearly related to its entropy change, including also non‐Faradaic side processes. Hence, the measurement of the Peltier heat provides thermodynamic information on the electrochemical processes which is complementary to the current–potential relations usually obtained by conventional electrochemical methods. From the variation of the molar Peltier heat during the various stages of the deposition reaction we inferred that co‐adsorption processes of anions and Ag do not play a prominent role, while we find strong indications for a charge neutral substitution reaction of adsorbed anions by hydroxide, which would not show up in cyclic voltammetry.
Melt rheology and mechanical crystal transformation in an immiscible blend with poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix
Authors: Zhu Tingmao , Lv Ruihua , Wang Bin , Na Bing , Yin Ming , Zhu Yun
Published: February 2016

Effect of immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6) on the melt rheology and stretch‐induced crystal transformation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix is reported. PA6 is dispersed as submicron droplets in the PVDF matrix, responsible for significant enhancement in the melt elasticity. Nevertheless, crystallization habits of PVDF matrix from melt are little affected by submicron PA6 droplets, and the α‐form of PVDF prevails in the blends. Upon mechanical stretching, the α‐form is converted to the β‐form, which is remarkably reduced with the increasing of PA6 content in the blends. It could be correlated with the decreased tensile stress in the presence of submicron PA6 droplets that act as stress concentrators. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43499.
Application of a fractional model for simulation of the viscoelastic functions of polymers
Authors: Kontou E. , Katsourinis S.
Published: February 2016

In the present work the dynamic behavior of two representative polymeric materials, experimentally studied in previous works, has been analyzed by a fractional derivative model. It is shown that the well‐known fractional derivative Zener model, in its simplest form as a four‐parameter model is capable of capturing the main features of the dynamic moduli of the polymeric structures examined. Furthermore, the time dependent viscoelastic functions, namely the compliance and the relaxation modulus could be simulated with the same model parameter values, indicating this way that the fractional model can provide a method of interconversion between viscoelastic material functions. The model's inadequacy of describing the loss modulus peak asymmetry, exhibited by the materials, has been encountered by the five‐parameter version of the fractional Zener model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43505.
Water levels in a highland lake control the quantity and quality of spawning habitat for a littoral‐spawning galaxiid fish
Authors: Hardie Scott A. , Chilcott Mark A.
Published: February 2016

In comparison with other habitats, the littoral zone can be disproportionately important to lentic fishes, especially for species that rely on it for reproduction. Impoundment of lentic waters can alter hydrological regimes, littoral inundation patterns and hydrodynamic processes, which can affect the quantity and quality of littoral habitats.

This study examined the effects of water‐level fluctuations on the quantity and quality of rocky littoral spawning habitat for the threatened Galaxias auratus in the Crescent–Sorell lake system, Tasmania (Australia) using GIS analyses, sediment measurements and observations of the composition and condition of littoral substrates under varying hydrological conditions.

The extent of littoral rocky substrate was found to be limited in Lake Crescent (<1.3% of the lake's bed). The relationship between water levels and G. auratus spawning habitat (littoral rocky substrates at depths of 0.2–0.6 m) was non‐linear with spawning habitat quantity and quality declining markedly at water levels <802.20 m Australian Height Datum (AHD). Hydrological impacts of global climate change on the Crescent–Sorell lake system are likely to increase the occurrence of water levels below this threshold in Lake Crescent in the future, thereby limiting the ability of G. auratus to sustain its population in this lake.

The structure of littoral areas of rocky substrate in Lake Crescent and Lake Sorell, and influential processes acting on these areas under varying hydrological conditions, were conceptualized to assist transferability of this knowledge to other lentic waters and species with similar habitat requirements.

Global climate change is predicted to alter lacustrine hydrological regimes and shoreline environments. This is likely to have significant ramifications for fishes that use littoral habitats during their life cycles, especially crucial reproductive phases. We believe the influence of alterations to hydrological regimes on the availability of these habitats to lacustrine fishes requires further investigation globally.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrin α4 Induces Lymphangiogenesis and Metastasis via Upregulation of VEGF‐C in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Hong , Liu Bao‐Quan , Li Xue‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Chen , Li Xin‐Lei , Ahmed Naila , Zhang Ya‐Fang
Published: February 2016

Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) is a key regulator in lymphangiogenesis, and is overexpressed in various malignancies. Integrin α4β1, a new member of the VEGF‐C/VEGF receptor pathway, was found to be overexpressed in melanoma tumors. However, little is known regarding the potential role of integrin α4β1 in lymphangiogenesis and other solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of integrin α4 and VEGF‐C in relation to lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathological parameters in human colon cancer. The expression of integrin α4, VEGF‐C, and VEGFR‐3 was assessed in 71 human colon cancer tissues and 30 paracancerous normal tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) was measured after D2‐40‐labeling, and the correlations among different factors were statistically analyzed. The expression of integrin α4, VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐3, and LMVD was higher in colon cancer tissues compared with the normal paracancerous colon tissues. There was a positive correlation between the expression of integrin α4 and VEGF‐C. Integrin α4 and VEGF‐C were significantly associated with the clinicopathological parameters (LMVD, Duke's stage, and lymph node metastasis). Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that patients with high integrin α4 or VEGF‐C expression had significantly shorter overall survival and tumor‐free survival time. Multivariate analyses suggested that integrin α4 and VEGF‐C may serve as independent prognostic factors for human colon cancer. Both integrin α4 and VEGF‐C are involved in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Our results demonstrated that integrin α4 is a novel prognostic indicator for human colon cancer. Anat Rec, 299:741–747, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Carbon‐Sulfur Hybrid with Pomegranate‐like Structure for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shi Yanting , Lv Wei , Niu Shuzhang , He Yanbing , Zhou Guangmin , Chen Guohua , Li Baohua , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu
Published: February 2016

A carbon‐sulfur hybrid with pomegranate‐like core–shell structure, which demonstrates a high rate performance and relatively high cyclic stability, is obtained through carbonization of a carbon precursor in the presence of a sulfur precursor (FeS2) and a following oxidation of FeS2 to sulfur by HNO3. Such a structure effectively protects the sulfur and leaves enough buffer space after Fe3+ removal and, at the same time, has an interconnected conductive network. The capacity of the obtained hybrid is 450 mA h g−1 under the current density of 5 C. This work provides a simple strategy to design and prepare various high‐performance carbon‐sulfur hybrids for lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Studies of Donor–Acceptor‐Type Near‐Infrared (NIR) Aza–Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes
Authors: Balsukuri Naresh , Lone Mohsin Y. , Jha Prakash C. , Mori Shigeki , Gupta Iti
Published: February 2016

Six donor–acceptor‐type near‐infrared (NIR) aza–boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes and their corresponding aza–dipyrrins were designed and synthesized. The donor moieties at the 1,7‐positions of the aza–BODIPY core were varied from naphthyl to N‐phenylcarbazole to N‐butylcarbazole. The 3,5‐positions were also substituted with phenyl or thienyl groups in the aza–BODIPYs. Photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies were carried out. The absorption and emission spectra of aza–BODIPYs were significantly redshifted (≈100 nm) relative to the parent tetraphenylaza–BODIPY. Fluorescence studies suggested effective energy transfer (up to 93 %) from donor groups to the aza–BODIPY core in all of the compounds under study. Time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT studies indicated effective electronic interactions between energy donor groups and aza–dipyrrin unit in all the aza–BODIPYs studied. The HOMO–LUMO gap (ΔE) calculated from cyclic voltammetry data was found to be lower for six aza–BODIPYs relative to their corresponding aza–dipyrrins.
Localized lentivirus delivery via peptide interactions
Authors: Skoumal Michael , Seidlits Stephanie , Shin Seungjin , Shea Lonnie
Published: February 2016

Gene delivery from biomaterial scaffolds has been employed to induce the expression of tissue inductive factors for applications in regenerative medicine. The delivery of viral vectors has been described as reflecting a balance between vector retention and release. Herein, we investigated the design of hydrogels in order to retain the vector at the material in order to enhance transgene expression. Poly(ethylene‐glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were modified with poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) to non‐covalently bind lentivirus. For cells cultured on the hydrogels, increasing the PLL molecular weight from 1 to 70 kDa led to increased transgene expression. The incubation time of the virus with the hydrogel and the PLL concentration modulated the extent of virus adsorption, and adsorbed virus had a 20% increase in the half‐life at 37°C. Alternatives to high molecular weight PLL were identified through phage display technology, with peptide sequences specific for the VSV‐G ectodomain, an envelope protein pseudotyped on the virus. These affinity peptides could easily be incorporated into the hydrogel, and expression was increased 20‐fold relative to control peptide, and comparable to levels observed with the high molecular weight PLL. The modification of hydrogels with affinity proteins or peptides to bind lentivirus can be a powerful strategy to enhance and localized transgene expression. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2033–2040. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical inhibition of autophagy: Examining its potential to increase the specific productivity of recombinant CHO cell lines
Authors: Baek Eric , Kim Che Lin , Kim Mi Gyeom , Lee Jae Seong , Lee Gyun Min
Published: February 2016

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells activate and undergo apoptosis and autophagy for various environmental stresses. Unlike apoptosis, studies on increasing the production of therapeutic proteins in CHO cells by targeting the autophagy pathway are limited. In order to identify the effects of chemical autophagy inhibitors on the specific productivity (qp), nine chemical inhibitors that had been reported to target three different phases of autophagy (metformin, dorsomorphin, resveratrol, and SP600125 against initiation and nucleation; 3‐MA, wortmannin, and LY294002 against elongation, and chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 against autophagosome fusion) were used to treat three recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell lines: the Fc‐fusion protein‐producing DG44 (DG44‐Fc) and DUKX‐B11 (DUKX‐Fc) and antibody‐producing DG44 (DG44‐Ab) cell lines. Among the nine chemical inhibitors tested, 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125 significantly increased the qp of DG44‐Fc and DUKX‐Fc. In contrast, for DG44‐Ab, only 3‐MA significantly increased the qp. The autophagy‐inhibiting activity of the nine chemical inhibitors on the rCHO cell lines was evaluated through Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Unexpectedly, some chemical inhibitors did not exhibit any apparent inhibition activity on autophagy. The chemical inhibitors that enhanced the qp, 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125, exhibited instead an increased autophagic flux. Taken all together, the chemical inhibition of autophagy was not effective in increasing the qp in rCHO cell lines and the positive effect of 3‐MA, dorsomorphin, and SP600125 on the qp was not due to the inhibition of autophagy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1953–1961. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Ixora
Authors: Chen Li‐Jun , Zhang Yan , Chen Ye‐Gao
Published: February 2016

Ixora is a genus of ca. 400 species in the family Rubiaceae. Since the 1940s, eighty‐one compounds including phenolics, peptides, terpenoids, and sterols have been isolated from six species of the genus Ixora. Pharmacological studies have shown that these compounds and extracts from the Ixora genus have extensive activities, such as antitumor, chemoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical progress and list the compounds isolated from the genus Ixora. The biological activities of this genus are also covered.
Phytochemical Variations and Enhanced Efficiency of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Ingredients in Salvia officinalis as Inoculated with Different Rhizobacteria
Authors: Ghorbanpour Mansour , Hatami Mehrnaz , Kariman Khalil , Abbaszadeh Dahaji Payman
Published: February 2016

Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites to improve their performance upon exposure to pathogens, pests, herbivores, or environmental stresses. Secondary metabolism in plants is, therefore, highly regulated by presence of biotic or abiotic elicitors in the environment. The present research was undertaken to characterize plant growth‐promoting attributes of four plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) including two Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf Ap1, Pf Ap18) and two P. putida (Pp Ap9, Pp Ap14) strains, and to determine their role (individually or in consortium) on growth of Salvia officialis, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as essential oils (EOs), total phenolics, and flavonoids. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts and EOs obtained from the inoculated plants were also investigated. The PGPR inoculum was applied to soil, cuttings, and foliage. Results indicated that different PGPR strains varied in their efficiency for production of auxin, siderophore, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase, and phosphate solubilization. All individually inoculated plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass, leaf P content, EOs yield, total phenolics, and flavonoids content compared to uninoculated control plants. The major constituents of EOs, cis‐thujene, camphor, and 1,8‐cineol, increased following inoculation with reference PGPRs. Although the extract from all inoculated plants had improved antioxidant activity, it was remarkable for the Pf Ap18 strain, which had the lowest IC50 value across treatments. Antibacterial assay of various EOs and their major constituents against pathogenic bacteria showed that the highest activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus using EOs of Pp Ap14 source. Based on our findings, we suggest that individual inoculation with effective PGPR strains can substantially improve plant growth and secondary metabolism in S. officinalis plants.
The Chemical Diversity of Lantana camara: Analyses of Essential Oil Samples from Cuba, Nepal, and Yemen
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Crouch Rebecca A. , Monzote Lianet , Cos Paul , Awadh Ali Nasser A. , Alhaj Mehdi A. , Setzer William N.
Published: February 2016

The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations: Artemisa (Cuba), Biratnagar (Nepal), and Sana'a (Yemen). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A cluster analysis of 39 L. camara essential oil compositions revealed eight major chemotypes: β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D, ar‐curcumene/zingiberene, γ‐curcumen‐15‐al/epi‐β‐bisabolol, (E)‐nerolidol, davanone, eugenol/alloaromadendrene, and carvone. The sample from Cuba falls into the group dominated by (E)‐nerolidol, the sample from Nepal is a davanone chemotype, and the sample from Yemen belongs to the β‐caryophyllene chemotype. The chemical composition of L. camara oil plays a role in the biological activity; the β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐nerolidol chemotypes showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
Circulating microRNAs, miR‐92a, miR‐100 and miR‐143, as non‐invasive biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis
Authors: Motawi Tarek Kamal , Rizk Sherine Maher , Ibrahim Taghreed Mahmoud , Ibrahim Ihab Abdel‐Rahman
Published: February 2016

The application of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapy targets has been widely investigated in many kinds of cancers. Recent advantages of serum miRNAs open a new realm of possibilities for non‐invasive diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC). The aim of our study was to identify plasma miR‐92a, miR‐100 and miR‐143 expression signatures in patients with BC to introduce new markers for establishing BC diagnosis and prognosis. Blood samples were collected from 70 BC patients and 62 controls. An expression of three target miRNAs (miR‐92a, miR‐100 and miR‐143) was measured using quantitative real‐time PCR method. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data and analysed. Plasma levels of miR‐92a, miR‐100 and miR‐143 were significantly lower in BC patients than in control group. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that the sensitivity and specificity values of miR‐92a were 97·1% and 76·7%, respectively, with a cut‐off value of 0·573. The sensitivity and specificity values of miR‐100 were 90% and 66·7%, respectively, with a cut‐off value of 0·644. The sensitivity and specificity values of miR‐143 were 78·6% and 93·3%, respectively, with a cut‐off value of 0·164. This study explores the existence of specific plasma miRNAs as early diagnostic biomarkers for BC in Egyptian patients; and these findings suggest that plasma miR‐92a, miR‐100 and miR‐143 could be promising novel circulating biomarkers in clinical detection of BC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large animal models of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Tsang H. G. , Rashdan N. A. , Whitelaw C. B. A. , Corcoran B. M. , Summers K. M. , MacRae V. E.
Published: February 2016

The human cardiovascular system is a complex arrangement of specialized structures with distinct functions. The molecular landscape, including the genome, transcriptome and proteome, is pivotal to the biological complexity of both normal and abnormal mammalian processes. Despite our advancing knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the principal use of rodent models, this continues to be an increasing issue in today's world. For instance, as the ageing population increases, so does the incidence of heart valve dysfunction. This may be because of changes in molecular composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, or from the pathological process of vascular calcification in which bone‐formation related factors cause ectopic mineralization. However, significant differences between mice and men exist in terms of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology and pathology. In contrast, large animal models can show considerably greater similarity to humans. Furthermore, precise and efficient genome editing techniques enable the generation of tailored models for translational research. These novel systems provide a huge potential for large animal models to investigate the regulatory factors and molecular pathways that contribute to CVDin vivo. In turn, this will help bridge the gap between basic science and clinical applications by facilitating the refinement of therapies for cardiovascular disease. 2016 The Authors. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells via microRNA‐135a suppressing the expression of transient receptor potential channel 1
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐yu , Zhang Luo‐xian , Guo Ya‐li , Zhao Li‐min , Tang Xue‐yi , Tian Cui‐jie , Cheng Dong‐Jun , Chen Xian‐liang , Ma Li‐jun , Chen Zhuo‐chang
Published: February 2016

Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) was known to involve in the pathophysiology of asthma. Schisandrin B was reported to have anti‐asthmatic effects in a murine asthma model. However, the molecular mechanism involving in the effect of Schisandrin B on ASMCs remains poorly understood. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: rats as the control (Group 1), sensitized rats (Group 2), sensitized rats and intragastric‐administrated Schisandrin B (Group 3). The expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 was detected in the rats from three groups. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB was used to induce the proliferation of isolated ASMCs, and the expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 was detected in PDGF‐BB‐treated ASMCs. Cell viability was examined in ASMCs transfected with miR‐135a inhibitor or si‐TRPC1. The expression of TRPC1 was examined in A10 cells pretreated with miR‐135a inhibitor or miR‐135a mimic. In this study, we found that Schisandrin B attenuated the inspiratory and expiratory resistances in sensitized rats. Schisandrin B upregulated the mRNA level of miR‐135a and decreased the expression of TRPC1 in sensitized rats. In addition, Schisandrin B reversed the expression of miR‐135a and TRPC1 in PDGF‐BB‐induced ASMCs. Si‐TRPC1 abrogated the increasing proliferation of ASMCs induced by miR‐135a inhibitor. We also found that miR‐135a regulated the expression of TRPC1 in the A10 cells. These results demonstrate that Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of ASMCs via miR‐135a suppressing the expression of TRPC1.
Energy Savings through Microwave Selective Heating of Pd/AC Catalyst Particulates in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Horikoshi Satoshi , Kamata Momoko , Serpone Nick
Published: February 2016

Microwave radiation is a novel energy source to drive chemical reactions. In conventional reactors, however, the heat created either escapes through uninsulated reactor walls, or the microwave radiation is attenuated by insulated walls. Here, microwave selective heating of Pd catalyst particles supported on activated carbon particulates was examined in a fixed‐bed reactor using a novel vacuum‐filled Dewar‐like double‐walled continuous‐flow reactor. This reactor was developed toward energy savings in performing such organic reactions as the transformation of the hydride methyl cyclohexane to toluene.
QSAR and docking studies on the (5‐nitroheteroaryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐yl) piperazinyl analogs with antileishmanial activity
Authors: Tahghighi Azar , Hamzeh‐Mivehroud Maryam , Asadpour Zeynali Karim , Foroumadi Alireza , Dastmalchi Siavoush
Published: February 2016

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. It causes morbidity and mortality in the tropical and subtropical regions. Current drugs are toxic, expensive, and require long‐term treatment. Thus, identification and development of novel, cheap, efficient, and safe antileishmanial compounds as drug candidates are important from pharmaceutical point of view. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods are used to predict the pharmaceutically relevant properties of drug candidates whenever it is applicable. The aim of this study was to use two different techniques, namely multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting the antileishmanial activity (i.e. pIC50) of 5‐(5‐nitroheteroaryl‐2‐y1)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives. To this end, genetic algorithm‐coupled partial least square and backward multiple regression method were used to select a number of calculated molecular descriptors to be used in MLR and ANN‐based QSAR studies. The predictive power of the models was also assessed using leave‐one‐out and leave‐group‐out cross validation methods. Also, molecular modeling studies were conducted based on DNA topoisomerase I to identify the binding interactions responsible for antileishmanial activity of those analogs. The results suggest that hydrogen bonding interactions and several hydrophobic interactions of ligands with the active site of Leishmania major topoisomerase IB are responsible for their potent antileishmanial activity. These results can be exploited for structure‐based computer‐aided drug designing of new and selective leishmania topoisomerase inhibitors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Loading Nano‐SnO2 Encapsulated in situ in Three‐Dimensional Rigid Porous Carbon for Superior Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xue Hairong , Zhao Jianqing , Tang Jing , Gong Hao , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen , Yamauchi Yusuke , He Jianping
Published: February 2016

Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) have been encapsulated in situ in a three‐dimensional ordered space structure. Within this composite, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) acts as a carbon framework showing a desirable ordered mesoporous structure with an average pore size (≈6 nm) and a high surface area (470.3 m2 g−1), and the SnO2 NPs (≈10 nm) are highly loaded (up to 80 wt %) and homogeneously distributed within the OMC matrix. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, a SnO2@OMC composite material can deliver an initial charge capacity of 943 mAh g−1 and retain 68.9 % of the initial capacity after 50 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1, even exhibit a capacity of 503 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 160 mA g−1. In situ encapsulation of the SnO2 NPs within an OMC framework contributes to a higher capacity and a better cycling stability and rate capability in comparison with bare OMC and OMC ex situ loaded with SnO2 particles (SnO2/OMC). The significantly improved electrochemical performance of the SnO2@OMC composite can be attributed to the multifunctional OMC matrix, which can facilitate electrolyte infiltration, accelerate charge transfer, and lithium‐ion diffusion, and act as a favorable buffer to release reaction strains for lithiation/delithiation of the SnO2 NPs.
Graphene Paper Decorated with a 2D Array of Dendritic Platinum Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine Secreted by Live Cells
Authors: Zan Xiaoli , Bai Hongwei , Wang Chenxu , Zhao Faqiong , Duan Hongwei
Published: February 2016

To circumvent the bottlenecks of non‐flexibility, low sensitivity, and narrow workable detection range of conventional biosensors for biological molecule detection (e.g., dopamine (DA) secreted by living cells), a new hybrid flexible electrochemical biosensor has been created by decorating closely packed dendritic Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on freestanding graphene paper. This innovative structural integration of ultrathin graphene paper and uniform 2D arrays of dendritic NPs by tailored wet chemical synthesis has been achieved by a modular strategy through a facile and delicately controlled oil–water interfacial assembly method, whereby the uniform distribution of catalytic dendritic NPs on the graphene paper is maximized. In this way, the performance is improved by several orders of magnitude. The developed hybrid electrode shows a high sensitivity of 2 μA cm−2 μm−1, up to about 33 times higher than those of conventional sensors, a low detection limit of 5 nm, and a wide linear range of 87 nm to 100 μm. These combined features enable the ultrasensitive detection of DA released from pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells. The unique features of this flexible sensor can be attributed to the well‐tailored uniform 2D array of dendritic Pt NPs and the modular electrode assembly at the oil–water interface. Its excellent performance holds much promise for the future development of optimized flexible electrochemical sensors for a diverse range of electroactive molecules to better serve society.
Synthesis of Cyclic Vinylidene Complexes and Azavinylidene Complexes by Formal [4+2] Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Chen Jinxiang , Huang Zi‐Ao , Lu Zhengyu , Zhang Hong , Xia Haiping
Published: February 2016

Reactions of the hydrido‐butenylcarbyne complex [OsHCl2(≡CC(PPh3)=CHEt)(PPh3)2]BF4 (1) with nitriles RC≡N (R=2‐cyclopropyl‐2‐oxopropyl, 3‐amino‐2‐oxobutyl) lead to six‐membered cyclic vinylidene complexes 3 and azavinylidene complexes 4, that is, iso‐osmapyridiniums. Treatment of 1 with excess 2‐formylbenzonitrile at reflux temperature in CHCl3 in the presence of air produces a fused osmapyridinium 8, which is first oxidized to the tricyclic iso‐osmapyridinium derivative 7, then to iso‐osmapyridinium 9, which contains a fused naphthalenone fragment. The conversion of iso‐osmapyridinium 9 (with a vinylidene segment) to the iso‐osmapyridinium compounds 10 and 11 (with azavinylidene segments) was achieved in the presence of a hydrogen halide, such as HCl or HI. The molecular structures of the complexes synthesized were confirmed by X‐ray studies. Moreover, the aromatic stabilization energy and nucleus‐independent chemical‐shift values of the osmapyridiniums and the strain in the iso‐osmapyridinium rings were investigated by DFT calculations.
Structural and Magnetic Diversity in Alkali‐Metal Manganate Chemistry: Evaluating Donor and Alkali‐Metal Effects in Co‐complexation Processes
Authors: Uzelac Marina , Borilovic Ivana , Amores Marco , Cadenbach Thomas , Kennedy Alan R. , Aromí Guillem , Hevia Eva
Published: February 2016

By exploring co‐complexation reactions between the manganese alkyl Mn(CH2SiMe3)2 and the heavier alkali‐metal alkyls M(CH2SiMe3) (M=Na, K) in a benzene/hexane solvent mixture and in some cases adding Lewis donors (bidentate TMEDA, 1,4‐dioxane, and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane (DABCO)) has produced a new family of alkali‐metal tris(alkyl) manganates. The influences that the alkali metal and the donor solvent impose on the structures and magnetic properties of these ates have been assessed by a combination of X‐ray, SQUID magnetization measurements, and EPR spectroscopy. These studies uncover a diverse structural chemistry ranging from discrete monomers [(TMEDA)2MMn(CH2SiMe3)3] (M=Na, 3; M=K, 4) to dimers [{KMn(CH2SiMe3)3⋅C6H6}2] (2) and [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}2(dioxane)7] (5); and to more complex supramolecular networks [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}∞] (1) and [{Na2Mn2(CH2SiMe3)6(DABCO)2}∞] (7)). Interestingly, the identity of the alkali metal exerts a significant effect in the reactions of 1 and 2 with 1,4‐dioxane, as 1 produces coordination adduct 5, while 2 forms heteroleptic [{(dioxane)6K2Mn2(CH2SiMe3)4(O(CH2)2OCH=CH2)2}∞] (6) containing two alkoxide–vinyl anions resulting from α‐metalation and ring opening of dioxane. Compounds 6 and 7, containing two spin carriers, exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling of their S=5/2 moments with varying intensity depending on the nature of the exchange pathways.
Probing the Structure, Dynamics, and Bonding of Coinage Metal Complexes of White Phosphorus
Authors: Forfar Laura C. , Zeng Dihao , Green Michael , McGrady John E. , Russell Christopher A.
Published: February 2016

A series of cationic white phosphorus complexes of the coinage metals Au and Cu have been synthesised and characterised both in the solid state and in solution. All complexes feature a P4 unit coordinated through an edge P−P vector (η2‐like), although the degree of activation (as measured by the coordinated P−P bond length) is greater in the gold species. All of the cations are fluxional on the NMR timescale at room temperature, but in the case of the gold systems fluxionality is frozen out at −90 °C. Electronic structure calculations suggest that this fluxionality proceeds via an η1‐coordinated M−P4 intermediate.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzazoles from Alcohols and o‐Substituted Anilines with a Catalytic Amount of CoII Salt
Authors: Lai Yin‐Long , Ye Jian‐Shan , Huang Jing‐Mei
Published: February 2016

An electrochemical synthesis of benzazoles directly from alcohols and o‐substituted anilines has been developed. The reaction conditions have been optimized by varying the composition of the electrolyte and the metal salt used as catalyst. The cyclization proceeds smoothly with a catalytic amount of a cobalt salt under air at room temperature to afford 2‐substituted benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles in good to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope.
Photophysical Properties and Efficient, Stable, Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Donor–Acceptor Molecules Exhibiting Thermal Spin Upconversion
Authors: Ishimatsu Ryoichi , Edura Tomohiko , Adachi Chihaya , Nakano Koji , Imato Toshihiko
Published: February 2016

The photophysical properties and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of three donor–acceptor molecules composed of dicyanobenzene and methyl‐, tert‐butyl‐, and phenyl‐substituted carbazolyl groups, 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(3,6‐disubstituted‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN‐Me, 4CzIPN‐tBu, and 4CzIPN‐Ph, respectively) are described. These molecules show delayed fluorescence as a result of thermal spin upconversion from the lowest triplet state to the lowest singlet state at room temperature. The three molecules showed yellow to yellowish–red ECL. Remarkably, the ECL efficiencies of 4CzIPN‐tBu in dichloromethane reached almost 40 %. Moreover, stable ECL was emitted from 4CzIPN‐tBu and 4CzIPN‐Ph. In case of 4CzIPN‐Me, the ECL intensity decreased during voltage cycles because of polymerization. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that polymerization was inhibited by the steric hindrance of the bulky tert‐butyl and phenyl groups on the carbazolyl moieties and lowered the spin density on the carbazolyl groups through electron conjugation for 4CzIPN‐Ph.
1,1′‐Nitramino‐5,5′‐bitetrazoles
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Szimhardt Norbert
Published: February 2016

1,1′‐Dinitramino‐5,5′‐bitetrazole and 1,1′‐dinitramino‐5,5′‐azobitetrazole were synthesized for the first time. The neutral compounds are extremely sensitive and powerful explosives. Selected nitrogen‐rich salts were prepared to adjust sensitivity and performance values. The compounds were characterized by low‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DTA/DSC. Calculated energetic performances using the EXPLO5 code based on calculated (CBS‐4M) heats of formation and X‐ray densities support the high performances of the 1,1′‐dinitramino‐5,5′‐bitetrazoles as energetic materials. The sensitivities toward impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were also explored. Most of the compounds show sensitivities in the range of primary explosives and should only be handled with great care!
ChemInform Abstract: BEITRAG ZUR SPANNUNGSKORROSION, BERECHNUNG DER ELASTISCHEN SPANNUNG IN GEBOGENEN RECHTECKIGEN TRAEGERN
Authors: SPRIGGS P. H. , WARD D. E.
Published: February 2016

Die Verwendung berechneter Spezialtabellen für die Lösung von Gleichungspaaren für die maximale Zugfestigkeit eines an 2 Punkten belasteten gebogenen Trägers von rechteckigem Querschnitt wird betrachtet und ein Beispiel gegeben.
ChemInform Abstract: VERW. DER GIBBSSCHEN GLEICHUNG IN DER IRREVERSIBLEN THERMODYNAMIK 2. MITT. KALORISCHE GLEICHUNGEN FUER DIE KOMPONENTEN UND PARTIALDRUCK
Authors: SAMOHYL I.
Published: February 2016

Für ein nicht im Gleichgewicht befindliches, isotropes Mehrstoffkontinuum wird die Gibbssche kalorische Gleichung für Mischungen mit Hilfe der kalorischen Gleichungen der Komponenten entwickelt.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL/P(0(2‐))‐DIAGRAMME VON EISEN, KOBALT UND NICKEL IN GESCHMOLZENEM NATRIUMNITRIT
Authors: MARCHIANO S. L. , ARVIA A. J.
Published: February 2016

Es wurden Potential/pO2′‐Diagramme für die Systeme F e(Co, Ni)/geschmolzenes Natriumnitrit bei Temperaturen von 600 und 700°Kaufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELEKTROCHEMISCHE PROZESSE UND PHOTOKATALYSE AN ZINKOXID‐SUSPENSIONEN UND ZINKOXID‐DECKSCHICHTEN
Authors: GERISCHER H. , CAMMANN K.
Published: February 2016

Es wurden Photospannungen und Photoströme an ZnOSuspensionen im Kontakt mit Edelmetallelektroden sowie an ZnO‐Deckschichten auf metallischen Unterlagen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DER BELICHTUNG AUF DIE ANODISCHE AUFLOESUNG VON CADMIUMSULFID IN GEGENWART EINES REDOXSYST.
Authors: SITABKHAN F.
Published: February 2016

Die elektrochemische Zelle In/CdS‐Einkristall/Elektrolyt/Pt wurde zur Untersuchung der Übertragung von Elektronen durch die Grenzfläche CdS/Elektrolyt benutzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BEDEUTUNG DES CA BEI DER UNTERDRUECKUNG DER KORROSION DER PB‐ANODE IN H2SO4
Authors: ABDUL AZIM A. A. , EL‐SOBKI K. M.
Published: February 2016

Das anodische Verhalten einiger Pb‐Ca(0,2‐0,8%)‐Legierungen in HzSOrLösungen wurde unter potentiostatischen und galvanostatischen Bedingungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIODYNAMISCHE POLARISATIONSUNTERSUCHUNGEN AN BINAEREN FE‐NI‐LEG. IN SCHWEFELSAEURELOESUNG BEI 25 GRAD
Authors: CONDIT DALE O.
Published: February 2016

Eine Untersuchung des potentiodynamischen Polarisationsverhaltens zehn hochreiner F e‐Ni‐Legierungen hat gezeigt, daß das anodische Verhalten im aktiven Auflösungsgebiet durch Eisen in Legierungen bestimmt wird, die bis einschließ‐ lich 50 Atom‐% Ni enthalten.
ChemInform Abstract: LOESUNGSMITTELISOTOPENEFFEKTE BEI DER HYDROLYSE VON TETRAHYDRIDOBORAT
Authors: LEVINE LINDA A. , KREEVOY MAURICE M.
Published: February 2016

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den primären Wasserstoffisotopeneffekt bei dem ersten Schritt der Hydrolysereaktion A in wäßriger Lösung von dem Isotopeneffekt nachfolgender Reaktionsschritte zu trennen, um dadurch Aussagen über den Reaktionsmechanismus zu erhalten.