bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between insulin dysregulation and adrenocorticotropic hormone in aged horses and ponies with no clinical signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Li Fang I. , Spence Robert J. , de Laat Melody A. , Harris Patricia A. , Sonntag Johanna , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. , Durham Andy E. , Bailey Simon R. , Sillence Martin N.
Published: January 2023

Background

High concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are used as an indicator of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), but other factors that may influence ACTH need to be understood, if diagnostic reference ranges for ACTH are to be used with confidence. Insulin dysregulation (ID) could be one such factor, as insulin affects pituitary hormones in other species.

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that a relationship exists between high insulin and high ACTH in aged (>15‐year‐old) animals with no clinical signs of PPID.

Study design

A cohort study.

Methods

Thirteen horses and eleven ponies (17–25 years‐old; mares and geldings) were clinically examined for signs of PPID in the spring (November 2020) and autumn (April 2021). On the same day, blood samples were taken before and 2 h after an oral glucose test (OGT). Concentrations of insulin, glucose, ACTH and cortisol were measured.

Results

There was no association between ACTH and cortisol. However, there was a positive linear correlation between ACTH and post‐OGT (insulin in the autumn (r = 0.427, p = 0.04). Two horses and six ponies had ACTH above the cut‐off value for PPID diagnosis, and of these eight animals, six also had insulin concentrations above the cut‐off value for ID.

Main limitations

The cohort was small and thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were not performed.

Conclusions

In autumn, high ACTH was associated with ID, when no clinical signs of PPID were present. Because ACTH is used in PPID diagnosis, further work is required to understand this interaction.
Impacts of motor phenotype on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 1 year after subthalamic‐nucleus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , You ZhiFei
Published: January 2023

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects both motor and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to examine the impact of motor phenotype on cognitive function 1 year after subthalamic‐nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS).

Methods

The prospectively collected data of 37 patients with PD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two group according to their motor phenotype: the postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD) group comprised 16 patients, and the tremor‐dominant (TD) group comprised 21 patients. The clinical characteristics and cognitive functions of all patients were examined at baseline and at the 1‐year follow‐up after STN‐DBS.

Results

The data showed that STN‐DBS significantly improved motor functions (P < 0.05). A repeated‐measures analysis of variance indicated a considerable group × time interaction impact on the memory quotient score (P < 0.001) and Tmin (P = 0.033).

Conclusions

A distinct relationship between the neuropsychological spectrum and motor phenotype of PD patients was observed at the 1‐year follow‐up after STN‐DBS, with worse cognitive outcomes in patients with the PIGD phenotype. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 85–90.
Conceptualising the ‘Administration of the Dead’: Cadavers, war and public health in the early 20th century
Authors: Fathi Romain
Published: January 2023

This article examines the relative absence of historical literature pertaining to the battlefield disposal of military corpses during and shortly after the First World War. It posits that while First World War Studies constitute an enormously rich field of research, scholars are yet to consider corpses and their disposal as a central topic of investigation, as is the case with other disciplines and historians of other conflicts. To address this lacuna, this article proposes the notion of ‘administration of the dead’ that may serve to both conceptualise and explore how First World War battlefield body disposal was performed. This article demonstrates the rich avenues that this topic opens to historians and sketches out areas of investigation such as the administrative, medical and technological dimensions of body disposal in the First World War.
Preparation and properties of anorthite‐based ceramics by using metallurgical solid waste and fly ash
Authors: Shen Can , Huang Yilun , Zhang Yuena , Wu Xiaowen , Tao Tianyi , Min Xin , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao , Liu Yangai , Mi Ruiyu
Published: January 2023

A large amount of metallurgical solid waste accumulation poses a serious threat to the environment. Study on synergistic reinforcement of synthetic process of metallurgical solid waste‐based ceramics with fly ash is of great significance in reducing environmental pollution and resource utilization. A metallurgical solid waste‐based ceramic used as building ceramic was developed with the erosion part of used MgO–C bricks and fly ash as main raw materials, and the amount of solid waste added to the prepared ceramics was at least 60 wt% and up to 90 wt%. The effects of fly ash content and sintering temperature on the crystalline phase transitions, morphologies, and the main physical and mechanical properties of ceramics were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing. The results show that the obtained ceramics presented maximum bending strength and minimum water absorption, 80.14 MPa and 5.04%, respectively, when the raw material proportions were the erosion part of used refractories accounted for 60 wt%, fly ash 20 wt%, pyrophyllite 10 wt%, and quartz sands 10 wt%, and the process parameters were the sintering temperature 1150°C, sintering time 120 min, and molding pressure 15 MPa.
Synthesis and adsorption performance of fly ash/steel slag‐based geopolymer for removal of Cu (II) and methylene blue
Authors: Yan Shu , Feng Xue , Huang Kai , Ren Xiaoqi , Zhao Yang , Xing Pengfei
Published: January 2023

In order to realize the value‐added resource utilization of solid waste, geopolymer particle adsorbents were prepared at low temperatures using silica‐aluminum‐rich fly ash and steel slag powders as raw materials. In order to investigate the mechanism of their adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater, the effects of steel slag/fly ash ratio, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of methylene blue (MB) and Cu2+ solution, adsorption time and temperature on the adsorption performance of the fly ash/steel slag‐based geopolymer adsorbents were investigated, systematically. Results presented that the adsorption capacities of MB and Cu2+ were 33.30 and 24.15 mg/g, and the removal efficiencies were 99.90% and 96.59% with the dosages of 3 and 4 g/L geopolymer adsorbents (steel slag/fly ash ratio of 20 wt.%), respectively. The adsorption processes of MB and Cu2+ on the adsorbents were in accordance with the proposed pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm models, which mainly included physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The fly ash/steel slag‐based geopolymer had good removal ability for dyes and heavy metal ions, and it could maintain good adsorption performance after three cycles of regeneration. It had potential application in wastewater treatment.
Expansion microscopy: A revolution in diagnostic pathology
Authors: Ghosh Snehashish , Sapkota Bhawana Subedi , Rao Roopa S , Patil Shankargouda , Rajkumar Chandini , Lakshminarayan Surendra
Published: January 2023

Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recent discovery in diagnostic pathology and microbiology that promotes a physical magnification of the tissue specimen instead of optical magnification. It not only improves the resolution of the specimen but also enhances the diagnostic precision, and permits nanoscale imaging of the specimen. Optical microscopy is routinely used in histopathology and microbiology for ages. Due to its simplicity, compatibility with different types of specimens, and ease of operation it is accepted by pathologists. ExM and its variants have been widely tested in different types of tissue specimens and microbiological specimens and yielded brilliant results.
Effect of artificial aging on optical properties and crystalline structure of high‐translucency zirconia
Authors: Hajhamid Beshr , Bozec Laurent , Tenenbaum Howard , De Souza Grace , Somogyi‐Ganss Eszter
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate the effect of different in vitro aging protocols on the optical properties and crystalline structure of high‐translucency (HT) zirconia.

Materials and methods

Thirty‐six specimens of HT and extra‐high translucency (XT) zirconia were divided into three groups: control (CO)—no treatment; hydrothermal aging (HA)—autoclave aging for 12.5 h at 134°C, 2 bar; clinically related aging (CRA)—aging in the chewing simulator for 1.2 million cycles, followed by 50,000 thermocycles (5–55°C) and immersion in HCl (pH 1.2) for 15 h. Optical properties, crystalline structure, and surface roughness were analyzed and compared using analysis of variance (5% significance level).

Results

There was no statistically significant effect of aging on translucency (p = 0.10), but CRA promoted the development of a high contrast ratio (p = 0.03). Aging did not cause significant color changes for HT (p = 0.65) or XT (p = 0.36). The proportion of monoclinic crystals increased to 40% for HT‐zirconia after HA and 5% after CRA. No monoclinic crystals were detected for XT groups. There was no effect of aging on surface roughness (p = 0.77).

Conclusions

Although hydrothermal aging has been widely used to verify zirconia crystalline stability, it did not generate an effect similar to clinically related aging on the optical properties and crystalline structure of zirconia. HA affected the crystalline structure of HT‐zirconia, and CRA compromised the optical properties of XT zirconia.
Consumers' willingness to pay for safer, more environmentally friendly smoke flavored chicken breasts
Authors: Ellsworth Seth , Crandall Philip Glen , Seo Han‐Seok , O'Bryan Corliss A.
Published: January 2023

Boneless, skinless chicken breasts comprise almost 30% of total poultry sales and poultry remains US consumers' protein of choice. This research sought to determine whether consumers of chicken would pay a premium for a smoked chicken breast that was healthier and produced with less of a negative impact on the environment. Two balanced consumer panel groups were presented with information on the two value prospects of smoked chicken prepared with liquid smoke. The order of presentation of the health claims and the environmentally friendly claims were reversed to measure the impact of the order of presentation on consumers' willingness to pay. An Nth type auction showed that health claims elicited a greater premium; the highest average premium was approximately $7 including the baseline price following the health claims for the liquid smoked chicken. The order of presentation of the information did not affect the results.

Practical applications

Consumers are willing to pay more for chicken that is deemed healthier and prepared with environmentally friendly ingredients.
Multistability and hysteresis in states of oral microbiota: Is it impacting the dental clinical cohort studies?
Authors: Mangal Utkarsh , Noh Kowoon , Lee Seeyoon , Cha Jae‐Kook , Song Je Seon , Cha Jung‐Yul , Lee Kee‐Joon , Kim Kwang‐Mahn , Kwon Jae‐Sung , Choi Sung‐Hwan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Microbiome from a “healthy cohort” is used as a reference for comparison to cases and intervention. However, the studies with cohort‐based clinical research have not sufficiently accounted for the multistability in oral microbial community. The screening is limited to phenotypic features with marked variations in microbial genomic markers. Herein, we aimed to assess the stability of the oral microbiome across time from an intervention‐free “healthy” cohort.

Methods

We obtained 33 supragingival samples of 11 healthy participants from the biobank. For each participant, we processed one sample as baseline (T0) and two samples spaced at 1‐month (T1) and 3‐month (T2) intervals for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis.

Results

We observed that taxonomic profiling had a similar pattern of dominant genera, namely, Rothia, Prevotella, and Hemophilus, at all time points. Shannon diversity revealed a significant increase from T0 (p < .05). Bray Curtis dissimilarity was significant (R = −.02, p < .01) within the cohort at each time point. Community stability had negative correlation to synchrony (r = −.739; p = .009) and variance (r = −.605; p = .048) of the species. Clustering revealed marked differences in the grouping patterns between the three time points. For all time points, the clusters presented a substantially dissimilar set of differentially abundant taxonomic and functional biomarkers.

Conclusion

Our observations indicate towards the presence of multistable states within the oral microbiome in an intervention‐free healthy cohort. For a conclusive and meaningful long‐term reference, dental clinical research should account for multistability in the personalized therapy approach to improve the identification and classification of reliable markers.
Being Wounded: Finitude and the Infinite in Jean Louis Chrétien and Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Breedlove Thomas
Published: January 2023

Wounds appear throughout the writings of Jean‐Louis Chrétien and Gregory of Nyssa. Most well known in Chrétien's corpus is his description of prayer as a “wounded word,” a phrase that seeks to describe an ungraspable dimension of phenomenal life in which the contingency and groundlessness of finitude appear as gifts. Gregory, in turn, draws upon the language of wounding in the Song of Songs to describe the soul's ascent to God. The first two parts of this essay bring to light how, for both writers, woundedness characterizes human finitude and describes encounters with the infinite. The third part turns to Chrétien's phenomenology of touch and Gregory's account of Macrina's scar, taking up the question of how the wound of finitude relates to wounded flesh. While both writers use the language of woundedness to describe a reality that both precedes and opposes historical violence, it remains that the power of this language flows from historical and physical wounds. The final pages argue that in drawing upon while seeking to oppose such wounds, this image represents not a liminal case but the complexity and contingency that attends theological speech which—the image of the wound reminds—is of the flesh.
Macroecology of plant diversity across spatial scales
Authors: Puglielli Giacomo , Pärtel Meelis
Published: January 2023

This article is a Commentary on Cai et al. (2023), pp. 1432–1445.
Localization and pathogenic role of the cysteine protease dentipain in Treponema denticola
Authors: Miyai‐Murai Yuri , Okamoto‐Shibayama Kazuko , Sato Toru , Kikuchi Yuichiro , Kokubu Eitoyo , Potempa Jan , Ishihara Kazuyuki
Published: January 2023

The Msp protein complex and the serine protease dentilisin are the best‐characterized virulence factors in Treponema denticola, the major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis. In addition to these outer sheath factors, the cysteine protease dentipain contributes to pathogenicity, but its secretion, processing, cellular localization, and role in T. denticola virulence are not fully understood. In this study, we found that full‐sized dentipain (74‐kDa) and the 52‐kDa truncated form of the enzyme are located, respectively, in the outer sheath derived from T. denticola dentilisin‐ and the Msp‐deficient mutants. Furthermore, dentipain was barely detected in the wild‐type strain. These results suggest that dentilisin and Msp, the major outer sheath proteins, are involved in the secretion and maturation of dentipain. Inactivation of the dentipain gene slowed the growth of T. denticola, and the effect was more profound in serum‐free medium than in serum‐containing medium. Several genes, including those encoding transporters and methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins, were differentially expressed in the dentipain‐deficient mutant. Furthermore, the mutant strain was more hydrophobic than the wild‐type strain. Finally, the mutant showed less autoaggregation activity and adhesion to IgG in a serum‐free medium than the wild‐type strain. These findings suggest that dentipain contributes to the virulence of T. denticola by facilitating adhesion and acquisition of nutrients essential for colonization and proliferation in the gingival crevice under serum‐rich conditions.
Structural and functional features of treatment‐resistant depression: A systematic review and exploratory coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Miola Alessandro , Meda Nicola , Perini Giulia , Sambataro Fabio
Published: January 2023

Objectives

A third of people suffering from major depressive disorder do not experience a significant improvement in their symptoms even after adequate treatment with two different antidepressant medications. This common condition, termed treatment‐resistant depression (TRD), severely affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide, causing long‐lasting interpersonal problems and social costs. Given its epidemiological and clinical relevance and the little consensus on whether the neurobiological underpinnings of TRD differ from treatment‐sensitive depression (TSD), we sought to highlight the convergent morphometric and functional neuroimaging correlates of TRD.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the published literature on structural and resting‐state functional neuroimaging of TRD compared to TSD and healthy controls (HC) and performed exploratory coordinate‐based meta‐analyses (CBMA) of significant results separately for each modality and multimodally (“all‐effects”). CBMAs were also performed for each direction and combining both directions of group contrasts.

Results

Out of the initial 1929 studies, only eight involving 555 participants (189 patients with TRD, 156 with TSD, and 210 HC) were included. In all‐effects CBMA, precentral/superior frontal gyrus showed a significant difference between TRD and HC. Functional and structural imaging meta‐analyses did not yield statistically significant results. A marginally significant cluster of altered intrinsic activity was found between TRD and HC in the cerebellum/pons.

Conclusions

Frontal, cerebellar, and brainstem functions can be involved in the pathophysiology of TRD. However, the design and heterogeneity of the (scarce) published literature hinder the generalizability of the findings.
Demographics and clinical presentations of 844 patients with light and dark skin types with polymorphous light eruption and chronic actinic dermatitis evaluated over 23 years
Authors: Maghfour Jalal , Mohney Lindsey , Lim Henry W. , Mohammad Tasneem F.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) and chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) have been classically described in White individuals, although recent studies have reported higher prevalence in patients with dark skin types, particularly African Americans.

Objective

To evaluate for differences in demographic, and clinical features between persons with light and dark skin types who have PMLE and CAD.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with PMLE and CAD who were diagnosed from January 1, 1998, through November 31, 2021, at a single academic dermatology center.

Results/Discussion

A total of 844 patients (725 [85.9%] female; mean [SD] age of onset: 41.7 [16.9] years) were diagnosed with PMLE, and 60 patients (22 [36.6%] female; mean age, [SD]: 60.6 [10.6] years) of age at presentation, disease duration of 8.2 [7.3] years were diagnosed with CAD. Although just over 50% of the general clinic population was White, the prevalence of PMLE and CAD was significantly higher in dark‐skinned individuals compared to light‐skinned individuals (PMLE: 625 [74.0%] vs. 219 [25.9%], p value < .001; CAD: 43 [71.6%] vs. 17 [28.3%], p value = .003) respectively. The pinpoint papular variant of PMLE (PP‐PMLE) was predominantly seen in dark‐skinned individuals.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of PMLE and CAD cases are present in dark‐skinned individuals. PP‐PMLE can be mistaken for lichen nitidus. As such, recognition of this entity is important for adequate evaluation and management of patients with PMLE.
Social pricing of luxury products in a distribution channel
Authors: Gao Yuetao , Liu Shaoxuan , Shen Bo , Tan Yinliang (Ricky)
Published: January 2023

The proliferation of social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok has greatly facilitated social interactions among individuals, and thus their product consumption has become more visible to their peers. This enhanced visibility influences consumers' purchase decisions of luxury products because it affects social value derived from conspicuous consumption of these products. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to study the impact of such social technologies on social pricing of a manufacturer and a retailer offering luxury products along a distribution channel. Consumers exhibit conspicuous consumption preferences and are grouped into snobs and conformists: Snobs value product exclusivity, while conformists desire product popularity. We derive the following interesting results. First, a better social technology that leads to higher visibility for conspicuous consumption can either raise or lower the wholesale price and retail price. Second, the manufacturer may gain (lose) while the retailer may lose (gain) under a better social technology; that is, the manufacturer's and retailer's preferences regarding the level of a social technology may not be aligned. Third, the advancement of a social technology may harm consumer surplus. Lastly, we consider several model extensions to validate our findings in broader contexts.
Birational properties of tangent to the identity germs without non‐degenerate singular directions
Authors: Mongodi Samuele , Ruggiero Matteo
Published: January 2023

We provide a family of isolated tangent to the identity germs which possess only degenerate characteristic directions, and for which the lift of to any modification (with suitable properties) has only degenerate characteristic directions. This is in sharp contrast with the situation in dimension 2, where any isolated tangent to the identity germ admits a modification where the lift of has a non‐degenerate characteristic direction. We compare this situation with the resolution of singularities of the infinitesimal generator of , showing that this phenomenon is not related to the non‐existence of complex separatrices for vector fields of Gomez‐Mont and Luengo. Finally, we describe the set of formal ‐invariant curves, and the associated parabolic manifolds, using the techniques recently developed by López‐Hernanz et al.
Fractional‐order operators on nonsmooth domains
Authors: Abels Helmut , Grubb Gerd
Published: January 2023

The fractional Laplacian , , and its generalizations to variable‐coefficient ‐order pseudodifferential operators , are studied in ‐Sobolev spaces of Bessel‐potential type . For a bounded open set , consider the homogeneous Dirichlet problem: in , in . We find the regularity of solutions and determine the exact Dirichlet domain (the space of solutions with ) in cases where has limited smoothness , for , . Earlier, the regularity and Dirichlet domains were determined for smooth by the second author, and the regularity was found in low‐order Hölder spaces for by Ros‐Oton and Serra. The ‐results obtained now when are new, even for . In detail, the spaces are identified as ‐transmission spaces , exhibiting estimates in terms of near the boundary.

The result has required a new development of methods to handle nonsmooth coordinate changes for pseudodifferential operators, which have not been available before; this constitutes another main contribution of the paper.
Noise sensitivity of percolation via differential inequalities
Authors: Tassion Vincent , Vanneuville Hugo
Published: January 2023

Consider critical Bernoulli percolation in the plane. We give a new proof of the sharp noise sensitivity theorem shown by Garban, Pete, and Schramm (Acta Math. 205 (2010), 19–104). Contrary to the previous approaches, we do not use any spectral tool. We rather study differential inequalities satisfied by a dynamical four‐arm event, in the spirit of Kesten's proof of scaling relations in Kesten (Comm. Math. Phys. 109 (1987), 109–156). We also obtain new results in dynamical percolation. In particular, we prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of times with both primal and dual percolation equals almost surely.
Dynamic asymptotic dimension and Matui's HK conjecture
Authors: Bönicke Christian , Dell'Aiera Clément , Gabe James , Willett Rufus
Published: January 2023

We prove that the homology groups of a principal ample groupoid vanish in dimensions greater than the dynamic asymptotic dimension of the groupoid (as a side‐effect of our methods, we also give a new model of groupoid homology in terms of the Tor groups of homological algebra, which might be of independent interest). As a consequence, the K‐theory of the ‐algebras associated with groupoids of finite dynamic asymptotic dimension can be computed from the homology of the underlying groupoid. In particular, principal ample groupoids with dynamic asymptotic dimension at most two and finitely generated second homology satisfy Matui's HK‐conjecture.

We also construct explicit maps from the groupoid homology groups to the K‐theory groups of their ‐algebras in degrees zero and one, and investigate their properties.
Multiplicative chaos of the Brownian loop soup
Authors: Aïdékon Élie , Berestycki Nathanaël , Jego Antoine , Lupu Titus
Published: January 2023

We construct a measure on the thick points of a Brownian loop soup in a bounded domain of the plane with given intensity , which is formally obtained by exponentiating the square root of its occupation field. The measure is constructed via a regularisation procedure, in which loops are killed at a fix rate, allowing us to make use of the Brownian multiplicative chaos measures previously considered in Aïdékon et al. (Ann. Probab. 48 (2020), no. 4, 1785–1825), Bass et al. (Ann. Probab. 22 (1994), no. 2, 566–625) and Jego (Ann. Probab. 48 (2020), no. 4, 1597–1643), or via a discrete loop soup approximation. At the critical intensity , it is shown that this measure coincides with the hyperbolic cosine of the Gaussian free field, which is closely related to Liouville measure. This allows us to draw several conclusions which elucidate connections between Brownian multiplicative chaos, Gaussian free field and Liouville measure. For instance, it is shown that Liouville‐typical points are of infinite loop multiplicity, with the relative contribution of each loop to the overall thickness of the point being described by the Poisson–Dirichlet distribution with parameter . Conversely, the Brownian chaos associated to each loop describes its microscopic contribution to Liouville measure. Along the way, our proof reveals a surprising exact integrability of the multiplicative chaos associated to a killed Brownian loop soup. We also obtain some estimates on the discrete and continuous loop soups which may be of independent interest.
Mixed Type of the Magnetic Order in Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulators Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4
Authors: Glazkova D. A. , Estyunin D. A. , Klimovskikh I. I. , Rybkina A. A. , Golovchanskiy I. A. , Tereshchenko O. E. , Kokh K. A. , Shchetinin I. V. , Golyashov V. A. , Shikin A. M.
Published: January 2023

It is known that Mn(Bi1 –xSbx)2Te4 is an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator, where the Dirac point can be localized at the Fermi level by substituting Bi atoms for Sb atoms to implement the quantum anomalous Hall effect and other unique quantum effects. It has already been shown that Mn(Bi1 – xSbx)2Te4 samples has antiferromagnetic order in a wide range of Sb concentration x = [0, 0.5]. In this paper a mixed type of magnetic ordering is experimentally demonstrated. This implies that there is both a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic order in the system. We revealed the main reproducible magnetic characteristics of this magnetic structure, as well as their dependence on the concentration of Sb atoms.
A Differentially Private Approximation Algorithm for Submodular Maximization Under a Polymatroid Constraint Over the Integer Lattice
Authors: Hu Jiaming , Hao Chunlin , Miao Cuixia , Zhao Bo
Published: January 2023

We consider the problem of local privacy where actions are subsets of a ground multiset and expectation rewards are modeled by a [Formula: see text]decomposable monotone submodular function. For the DR-submodular maximization problem under a polymatroid constraint, Soma and Yoshida [26] provide a continuous greedy algorithm for no-privacy setting. In this paper, we obtain the first differentially private algorithm for DR-submodular maximization subject to a polymatroid constraint. Our algorithm achieves a [Formula: see text]approximation with a little loss and runs in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] times where [Formula: see text] is the rank of the base polymatroid and [Formula: see text] is the size of ground set. Along the way, we analyze the utility and privacy of our algorithm. A concrete experiment to simulate the privacy Uber pickups location problem is provided, and our algorithm performs well within the agreed range.
Enhancing Multimodal Patterns in Neuroimaging by Siamese Neural Networks with Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Arco Juan E. , Ortiz Andrés , Gallego-Molina Nicolás J. , Górriz Juan M. , Ramírez Javier
Published: January 2023

The combination of different sources of information is currently one of the most relevant aspects in the diagnostic process of several diseases. In the field of neurological disorders, different imaging modalities providing structural and functional information are frequently available. Those modalities are usually analyzed separately, although a joint of the features extracted from both sources can improve the classification performance of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tools. Previous studies have computed independent models from each individual modality and combined them in a subsequent stage, which is not an optimum solution. In this work, we propose a method based on the principles of siamese neural networks to fuse information from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This framework quantifies the similarities between both modalities and relates them with the diagnostic label during the training process. The resulting latent space at the output of this network is then entered into an attention module in order to evaluate the relevance of each brain region at different stages of the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The excellent results obtained and the high flexibility of the method proposed allow fusing more than two modalities, leading to a scalable methodology that can be used in a wide range of contexts.
Gromov width of symplectic toric manifolds associated with graphs
Authors: Choi Suyoung , Hwang Taekgyu
Published: January 2023

We give an explicit formula for the Gromov width for a class of symplectic toric manifolds constructed from simple graphs. As a corollary, we show a version of non-squeezing theorem with respect to the inclusion of connected graphs.
Sensitivity of CP violation of Λ decay in J/ψ → ΛΛ̄ at STCF
Authors: Xu Yue , Zhou Xiaorong , Shi Xiaodong , Guo Yongxin , Liu Kuiyong , Gong Li , Kang Xiaoshen
Published: January 2023

The process of [Formula: see text] is studied using [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] Monte Carlo (MC) events at [Formula: see text] GeV with a fast simulation software at future Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF). The statistical sensitivity for CP violation is determined to be the order of [Formula: see text] by measuring the asymmetric parameters of the [Formula: see text] decay. Furthermore, the decay of [Formula: see text] also serves as a benchmark process to optimize the detector responses using the interface provided by the fast simulation software.
Opus on conformal symmetry of the Nambu–Goto versus Polyakov strings
Authors: Makeenko Yuri
Published: January 2023

I investigate the Nambu–Goto and Polyakov strings, accounting for higher-derivative terms in the emergent action for the metric tensor which are classically negligible for smooth metrics but revive quantumly. Using the conformal field theory technique by KPZ-DDK, I compute in the one-loop approximation the conformal dimension and the central charge which differs in the two cases, telling the Nambu–Goto and Polyakov strings apart. I confirm the results by explicit quantum field theory computations of the propagator and the energy–momentum tensor at one loop, using the Pauli–Villars regularization.
Asymptotic synchronization of delayed Lur’e systems via non-fragile sampled-data control
Authors: Guo Tong , Ma Xiaofeng , Xu Dong , Yan Zhilian , Zhou Jianping
Published: January 2023

This paper is dedicated to investigating the asymptotic synchronization of delayed Lur’e systems via non-fragile aperiodic sampled-data control. Two different kinds of gain fluctuations are taken into consideration. A time-dependent two-sided looped functional is proposed, which makes efficient use of the obtainable information not only of the whole sampling intervals, but also of the nonlinear functions of the considered systems. A criterion on global asymptotic stability is derived by means of the constructed looped functional and using the free-weighting matrix approach. Then, a non-fragile aperiodic sampled-data controller, which allows both additive and multiplicative gain fluctuations, is designed to ensure the asymptotic synchronization based on solutions of a set of linear matrix inequities. Finally, an example with simulations is presented, which shows that the designed controller allows a larger sampling period in comparison with the existing results.
Determine the equilibrium distribution by avoiding utilizing the Stirling formula
Authors: Hou Ji-Xuan
Published: January 2023

The derivations of the most probable distribution are not self-consistent in most statistical physics textbooks since the Stirling’s approximation adopted in the derivations is not valid for systems with very few particles. Any improvement by taking more higher terms of the Stirling series is insufficient due to erroneous divergence for small number. In this paper, we derive the equilibrium distribution by extrapolating the factorial function by the gamma function so that the Stirling’s approximation or the Stirling formula is avoided. For the ideal Bose system in a one-dimensional harmonic trap, we find that the equilibrium distribution given by this paper coincide with the rigorous result perfectly even for very small system size.
Combined magnetic field system for atom chips
Authors: Jia Xuemei , Xu Bowen , Zhou Shuyu , Wang Ying
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we have developed a combined magnetic field system to explore an alternative technical route for the generation of Bose–Einstein condensates containing numerous atoms on an atom chip. The system is characterized by the fact that the quadrupole magnetic field required by the magneto-optic trap is generated by U-shaped current-carrying wires combined with bias magnetic fields, whereas the quadrupole magnetic field adopted for the magnetic trap is generated by anti-Helmholtz coils. By fine-tuning the bias magnetic fields, the collection of atoms in the mirror MOT and the loading of the quadrupole magnetic trap can be optimized. The initial number of [Formula: see text]Rb atoms in the magnetic trap is approximately [Formula: see text], and the lifetime of the atoms is over 30 s. This scheme can facilitate the chip-surface design and is suitable for the precise manipulation of Bose–Einstein condensates near the chip surface.
Phase Space Reaction Dynamics Associated with an Index-2 Saddle Point for Time-Dependent Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Cao Hengchang , Wiggins Stephen
Published: January 2023

We analyze benchmark models for reaction dynamics associated with a time-dependent index-2 saddle point. The influence of index-2 saddle points on chemical reaction dynamics has received a great deal of attention in recent years and we extend this work in a new and important direction. Our model allows us to incorporate time dependence of a general form, subject to an exponential growth restriction. Under these conditions, we analytically compute the time-dependent normally hyperbolic invariant manifold and its time-dependent stable and unstable manifolds. These time-dependent phase space structures allow us to quantitatively determine the effect of the time dependence on reacting and nonreacting trajectories.
Dynamics of a Mechanical System with Curve of Equilibria: Cosymmetry and Multistability
Authors: Govorukhin Vasily , Tsybulin Vyacheslav
Published: January 2023

We analyze the effects of extreme multistability in a mechanical system which describes the movement of an idealized ball over a surface like a Mexican hat. The mathematical model is given by a system of autonomous ordinary differential equations with parameters. In particular cases of rotational symmetry and cosymmetry, the system has a curve of asymptotically stable equilibria. The symmetry gives a circle of equilibria with identical stability spectra, whereas the cosymmetry produces an ellipse of equilibria with nonidentical properties. The destruction of both symmetry and cosymmetry leads to a finite number of equilibria (multistability). We study the dynamics for conservative (without dissipation) and dissipative (linear damping) cases using analytical methods and computer simulation. We found interesting effects caused by extreme multistability: nontrivial selection of equilibria of the family, high sensitivity to initial data because of memory about conservative chaos, and essential difference in dynamics in rotational symmetry and cosymmetry cases.
Analysis of the Dispersion Havrda–Charvat Entropy Plane in Financial Time Series
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Shang Pengjian
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces a new statistical tool: dispersion Havrda–Charvat entropy plane, which is used to analyze the complexity characteristics of time series. The Havrda–Charvat entropy with one parameter can provide flexibility in applications and provide more information about time series. The dispersion entropy algorithm is a fast and powerful algorithm for evaluating time series, which has been proposed in recent years. The statistical complexity measure defined by Jensen–Shannon divergence reflects the chaotic degrees of complex systems. The dispersion Havrda–Charvat entropy plane is constructed using the above conceptions. The performance of the dispersion entropy plane is evaluated by simulated chaotic processes and fractional Brownian motions, and then we apply the method to stock data. This demonstrates that dispersion Havrda–Charvat entropy plane can distinguish the intensive properties of time series well and is a powerful method to classify stock markets. In addition, the multiscale measure is experimented, the results show that it can eliminate the noise contained in the data and effectively extract the information contained in time series with different time scales.
Complicated Boundaries of the Attraction Basin in a Class of Three-Dimensional Polynomial Systems
Authors: Huang Weisheng , Zhang Yuhong , Yang Xiao-Song
Published: January 2023

Even if a system has only one stable equilibrium point, its dynamics can still be complicated. In the case of the equilibrium point with a complicated boundary of the attraction basin, it is probably difficult to predict the long-term behavior of the trajectory starting from a point outside but near the boundary. The exploration of such systems is helpful for deepening our understanding of the dynamics of complex systems. This paper studies a class of three-dimensional polynomial systems with a nonelementary singularity. With parameters satisfying some conditions, the asymptotic stability of the origin is proved and the complexity of the attraction basin is investigated. It is demonstrated that the boundary of the attraction basin of the origin has a fractal structure in the following sense: An invariant set homeomorphic to the well-known Lorenz strange attractor is contained in the basin boundary. Based on the non-negative function we constructed, how fast a trajectory of the system tends to the asymptotically stable nonelementary singularity is measured.
Dynamic Analysis of a New Financial System with Diffusion Effect and Two Delays
Authors: Wu Huiming , Jiang Zhichao , Wu Xiaoxue
Published: January 2023

The dynamic behavior of a new financial system with diffusion effect and two delays is studied. The local stability of equilibrium is studied by analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation and developing the crossing curve method. Hopf bifurcation curves are obtained by three procedures and the critical value of delay of Hopf bifurcation is obtained. By using the central manifold theorem and the normal form theory of partial differential equations, the normal form of Hopf bifurcation with two delays is derived, and the bifurcation direction and the stability of periodic solution are determined. The numerical simulations not only verify these theoretical results, but also show that double Hopf bifurcation may occur and the two delays play a key role in chaos suppression. This study has important theoretical value of innovation and practical value in the macro-economic system.
The Main Parameters Affecting the Stability of Rotating Pretwisted Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Guo Yu-Hong
Published: January 2023

In the paper, the main parameters affecting the stability of a rotating pretwisted cylindrical shell model with a presetting angle are found by the extended singularity theory. Based on the nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations of rotating pretwisted cylindrical shell, the universal unfoldings of these equations are given, such that the derivative terms of these equations are treated as periodic perturbation parameters. Analysis results show that these equations have: one form of the universal unfolding codimension 4; one form of the universal unfolding codimension 2; one form of the universal unfolding codimension 2. Calculating the transition set of the universal unfolding codimension 2, the transition set covers all parameters which affect the stability of the rotating pretwisted cylindrical shell. The numerical results show that the amplitudes of periodic excitation and part of the functions of the geometric and physical parameters have strong effect on bifurcation and hysteresis of the rotating pretwisted cylindrical shell subjected to small perturbations near the singularity; however, small external disturbances have weak effect on bifurcation and hysteresis. Due to the periodicity of perturbation parameters, settled in different persistent regions by change in other parameters, the governing equations produce chaotic solutions. The present results are validated by comparison with those in the existing literature.
Homoclinic–Heteroclinic Bifurcations and Chaos in a Coupled SD Oscillator Subjected to Gaussian Colored Noise
Authors: Zhou Biliu , Jin Yanfei , Xu Huidong
Published: January 2023

The so-called coupled smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator whose stiffness term leads to a transcendental function is a simple mass-spring system constrained to a straight line by two parameters, which are the dimensionless distances to the fixed point. This paper studies the homoclinic–heteroclinic chaos in a coupled SD oscillator subjected to Gaussian colored noise. In order to investigate the chaos thresholds analytically, the piecewise linearization approximation is used to fit the transcendental function. Stochastic nonsmooth Melnikov method with homoclinic–heteroclinic orbits is developed to study chaos thresholds of oscillators with tri-stable potential. Based on stochastic Melnikov process, the mean square criterion and the rate of phase-space flux function theory are used to study the chaotic motions of a coupled SD oscillator under weak noise and strong noise, respectively. The obtained results show that it is effective to use the piecewise linear approximation to analyze chaos in the coupled SD oscillator subjected to Gaussian colored noise. It also lays the foundation for chaos research of other nonsmooth mechanical vibration systems under random excitation.
Multistability Analysis of a Piecewise Map via Bifurcations
Authors: Cassal-Quiroga B. B. , Gilardi-Velázquez H. E. , Campos-Cantón E.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a one-dimensional piecewise map based on the logistic map, where generalized multistability can be observed. The proposed system has the unique property that the function is symmetric with respect to the origin but not its behavior, furthermore this system can display three types of multistability, and chaos for both, monostable and bistable behaviors. The stability analysis of the proposed system is presented. We describe the structure of bistable regions in the bifurcation diagram. Particular attention is paid to the chaotic regions. Corresponding to coexisting attractors, three scenarios of coexisting attractors, namely fixed points, periodic orbits, and chaotic attractors, can be found, which are unreported behaviors in discrete chaotic systems. The mechanism that leads to multistability phenomenon including pitchfork bifurcation, period-halving bifurcations, and the coexisting invariant sets is demonstrated. Furthermore, the Lyapunov exponent is analyzed with the type of multistability distinguished for a given set of parameters.
Stability and Hopf Bifurcation Analyses of a Delayed Rumor Spreading Model and Its Discontinuous Control
Authors: Zhu Honglan , Zhang Xuebing , Wang Ling
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a delayed rumor propagation model with a discontinuous control mechanism is investigated. First, we investigate the model’s existence and boundedness. Then, conditions for the existence of the rumor-endemic equilibrium are derived utilizing differential inclusions. We examine the local asymptotic stability and Hopf bifurcation of the rumor-endemic equilibrium when the discontinuous control function is differential at the rumor-endemic equilibrium, considering the delay as the bifurcating parameter. When the discontinuous control function is not differential at the rumor-endemic equilibrium, we investigate the global asymptotically stable rumor-free and rumor-endemic equilibria using the Lyapunov functional technique. We conclude by providing two examples to validate our theoretical predictions. It is demonstrated that delay is a critical system parameter that can result in both Hopf bifurcation and chaos.
Dynamic Analysis of a Discrete-Time Plant Quality and Larch Budmoth Interaction Model Under Random Perturbations
Authors: Ren Xiaohua , Xiang Changcheng , Yang Yi
Published: January 2023

In ecosystems, almost all organisms suffer from external influences, which are assumed to be random perturbations. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of random perturbations on interacting populations. To solve this problem, we propose a discrete-time plant quality and larch budmoth interaction model with biological control. First of all, the model is theoretically analyzed, and the dynamic behavior of the population is qualitatively analyzed by numerical simulation. In addition, random perturbations are added to the model to observe the effects of random perturbations on the dynamic behavior of the budmoth population. The main results show that a random perturbation changes the number of blurred orbits of the system compared to the single population model with the same perturbation. Undeniably, it enhances the stability of the system. The model results, after adding random perturbations, are closer to reality, and in practice, we can also use random perturbations for resource management and pest control.