bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy
Authors: Fleisch Daniel , Kregenow Julia
Published: June 2014

The study of astronomy offers an unlimited opportunity for us to gain a deeper understanding of our planet, the Solar System, the Milky Way Galaxy and the known Universe. Using the plain-language approach that has proven highly popular in Fleisch's other Student's Guides, this book is ideal for non-science majors taking introductory astronomy courses. The authors address topics that students find most troublesome, on subjects ranging from stars and light to gravity and black holes. Dozens of fully worked examples and over 150 exercises and homework problems help readers get to grips with the concepts in each chapter. An accompanying website features a host of supporting materials, including interactive solutions for every exercise and problem in the text and a series of video podcasts in which the authors explain the important concepts of every section of the book.
The Bewick Collector
Authors: Hugo Thomas
Published: June 2014

The names of Thomas Bewick (1753–1828) and his brother John (1760–1795) are synonymous with beautiful, delicate and accurate woodcuts of the natural world. Their instantly recognisable style was to influence book illustration well into the nineteenth century. The antiquary and print collector Thomas Hugo (1820–76), best known as a collector of Bewick woodcuts, first published this two-volume catalogue of his extensive collection in 1866–8. It has since emerged that many of the items sourced from printers' offices and booksellers across the country - including Thomas Bewick's own publisher, Emerson Charnley - cannot be authenticated as the Bewicks' work. The collection was nonetheless a remarkable assemblage of valuable materials, including uncut first editions, woodblocks, handbills and broadsides (all regrettably dispersed after Hugo's death) which might otherwise have been lost. Lavishly illustrated throughout, this volume is the 1868 supplement to the catalogue.
A Catalogue of the Printed Books in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of York
Authors: Raine James
Published: June 2014

York Minster has the largest cathedral library in England. The original library was established in the eighth century, but nothing survives from this period. A new collection was begun in 1414 when John Newton left books to the Minster, and a new library was erected. Further bequests followed - including in 1628 the important collection of Tobie Matthew, archbishop of York - which reflect the religious controversies of the sixteenth century. Today the library contains some 120,000 items, of which more than 25,000 were printed before 1801. This catalogue, published in 1896, was compiled by James Raine (1830–96), chancellor of York Minster, a leading figure in the nineteenth-century restoration of the library. It contains an alphabetical list of most of the printed books that were then in the library, but does not include recent theological acquisitions or the bequest by Edward Hailstone (d.1890) of 10,000 items on Yorkshire.
How Humans Learn to Think Mathematically
Authors: Tall David
Published: June 2014

How Humans Learn to Think Mathematically describes the development of mathematical thinking from the young child to the sophisticated adult. Professor David Tall reveals the reasons why mathematical concepts that make sense in one context may become problematic in another. For example, a child's experience of whole number arithmetic successively affects subsequent understanding of fractions, negative numbers, algebra, and the introduction of definitions and proof. Tall's explanations for these developments are accessible to a general audience while encouraging specialists to relate their areas of expertise to the full range of mathematical thinking. The book offers a comprehensive framework for understanding mathematical growth, from practical beginnings through theoretical developments, to the continuing evolution of mathematical thinking at the highest level.
History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce
Authors: Lindsay W. S.
Published: June 2014

The shipowner and politician William Schaw Lindsay (1816–77) combined a wealth of personal experience with a meticulous approach to research. Originally published in 1874–6, this is his authoritative four-volume history of the world of ships and maritime trade. Its coverage ranges from the legend of Noah's Ark, through ancient commerce and the colonising expeditions of the middle ages, to the progress brought about by the introduction of steam to the shipping of Lindsay's own day. Details on construction and performance sit alongside explanations of the customs and superstitions of seamen, complemented by full accounts of many important nautical events. Volume 3 describes the extraordinary progress made by the United States of America in the first half of the nineteenth century, discusses Cromwell's Navigation Acts and the causes and effects of their abolition, and concludes with a warning against excessive legislation. Lindsay's practical knowledge and enthusiasm for his subject are evident throughout the work.
History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce
Authors: Lindsay W. S.
Published: June 2014

The shipowner and politician William Schaw Lindsay (1816–77) combined a wealth of personal experience with a meticulous approach to research. Originally published in 1874–6, this is his authoritative four-volume history of the world of ships and maritime trade. Its coverage ranges from the legend of Noah's Ark, through ancient commerce and the colonising expeditions of the middle ages, to the progress brought about by the introduction of steam to the shipping of Lindsay's own day. Details on construction and performance sit alongside explanations of the customs and superstitions of seamen, complemented by full accounts of many important nautical events. Volume 4 describes the changes produced by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and charts the rise of steam propulsion and its implications for modern-day commerce. Lindsay's practical knowledge and enthusiasm for his subject are evident throughout the work.
Antisemitism and the American Far Left
Authors: Norwood Stephen H.
Published: June 2014

Stephen H. Norwood has written the first systematic study of the American far left's role in both propagating and combating antisemitism. This book covers Communists from 1920 onward, Trotskyists, the New Left and its black nationalist allies, and the contemporary remnants of the New Left. Professor Norwood analyzes the deficiencies of the American far left's explanations of Nazism and the Holocaust. He explores far left approaches to militant Islam, from condemnation of its fierce antisemitism in the 1930s to recent apologies for jihad. Norwood discusses the far left's use of long-standing theological and economic antisemitic stereotypes that the far right also embraced. The study analyzes the far left's antipathy to Jewish culture, as well as its occasional efforts to promote it. He considers how early Marxist and Bolshevik paradigms continued to shape American far left views of Jewish identity, Zionism, Israel, and antisemitism.
Strategic Conversations
Authors: Spender J.-C. , Strong Bruce A.
Published: June 2014

Most organizations fail to take full advantage of their employees' knowledge, initiative, and imagination. In this accessible and practical book, J.-C. Spender and Bruce Strong provide a guide for building entrepreneurial workforces through carefully designed conversations between management and employees. These 'strategic conversations' make employees partners in the strategy development process, engaging them to help shape the organization's future. The result is transformational: instead of strategy being a dry, periodic planning exercise for the few, it becomes a dynamic and continuous act of co-creation enriched by the many. Case studies illustrate how leading organizations have used strategic conversations to build sustained competitive advantage, create innovative business models, make better decisions under uncertainty, reduce the need for change management, and enhance employee engagement. The book will appeal to managers, entrepreneurs of all stripes, and teachers and students in schools of business and public administration.
Elements of Logical Reasoning
Authors: Plato Jan von
Published: June 2014

Some of our earliest experiences of the conclusive force of an argument come from school mathematics: faced with a mathematical proof, we cannot deny the conclusion once the premises have been accepted. Behind such arguments lies a more general pattern of 'demonstrative arguments' that is studied in the science of logic. Logical reasoning is applied at all levels, from everyday life to advanced sciences, and a remarkable level of complexity is achieved in everyday logical reasoning, even if the principles behind it remain intuitive. Jan von Plato provides an accessible but rigorous introduction to an important aspect of contemporary logic: its deductive machinery. He shows that when the forms of logical reasoning are analysed, it turns out that a limited set of first principles can represent any logical argument. His book will be valuable for students of logic, mathematics and computer science.
Human Evolution
Authors: Finlay Graeme
Published: June 2014

Controversy over human evolution remains widespread. However, the human genome project and genetic sequencing of many other species have provided myriad precise and unambiguous genetic markers that establish our evolutionary relationships with other mammals. Human Evolution: Genes, Genealogies and Phylogenies identifies and explains these identifiable, rare and complex markers including endogenous retroviruses, genome-modifying transposable elements, gene-disabling mutations, segmental duplications and gene-enabling mutations. The new genetic tools also provide fascinating insights into when and how many features of human biology arose: from aspects of placental structure, vitamin C dependence and trichromatic vision, to tendencies to gout, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Bringing together a decade's worth of research and tying it together to provide an overwhelming argument for the mammalian ancestry of the human species, the book will be of interest to professional scientists and students in both the biological and biomedical sciences.
Presidential Decrees in Russia
Authors: Remington Thomas F.
Published: June 2014

The book examines the way Russian presidents Yeltsin, Medvedev, and Putin have used their constitutional decree powers since the end of the Soviet regime. The Russian constitution gives the Russian president extremely broad decree-making power, but its exercise is constrained by both formal and informal considerations. The book compares the Russian president's powers to those of other presidents, including the executive powers of the United States president and those of Latin American presidents. The book traces the historical development of decree power in Russia from the first constitution in 1905 through the Soviet period and up to the present day, showing strong continuities over time. It concludes that Russia's president operates in a strategic environment, where he must anticipate the way other actors, such as the bureaucracy and the parliament, will respond to his use of decree power.
An Amateur's Guide to Observing and Imaging the Heavens
Authors: Morison Ian
Published: June 2014

An Amateur's Guide to Observing and Imaging the Heavens is a highly comprehensive guidebook that bridges the gap between the beginners' and hobbyists' books and the many specialised and subject-specific texts for more advanced amateur astronomers. Written by an experienced astronomer and educator, the book is a one-stop reference providing extensive information and advice about observing and imaging equipment, with detailed examples showing how best to use them. In addition to providing in-depth knowledge about every type of astronomical telescope and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, two chapters offer advice on making visual observations of the Sun, Moon, planets, stars and galaxies. All types of modern astronomical imaging are covered, with step-by-step details given on the use of DSLRs and web-cams for solar, lunar and planetary imaging and the use of DSLRs and cooled CCD cameras for deep sky imaging.
The role of conservative forces in rotor aerodynamics
Authors: van Kuik G. A. M. , Micallef D. , Herraez I. , van Zuijlen A. H. , Ragni D.
Published: June 2014

The theory to predict the performance and loads on rotors (propellers, screws, windmills) has a history of more than a century. Apart from modern computational fluid dynamics and vortex panel models taking the true blade geometry into account, most other models proceed from an infinitely thin actuator disc or line. These models assume an externally defined force field distributed at the disc or line, representing the loads on the real rotor. Given this force field, the flow is solved by momentum balances or by the equations of motion. The use of external force fields was discussed in textbooks of the first decades of the 20th century, but has received little attention since then. This paper investigates the higher-order effect of adding thickness to the actuator disc or changing the actuator line to a blade with cross-sectional dimensions. For the generation of a Rankine vortex by a force field acting on an actuator disc with thickness, an exact solution has been found in which not only the thrust and torque determine the flow, but also a radial force. This force is conservative, in contrast to the other force components. For rotor blades, a conservative normal and radial force acting on the chordwise bound vorticity is present. This explains the experimentally observed inboard motion of the tip vortex of model wind turbine rotors before the wake induction field drives it outboard. Simulations by computational fluid mechanics and a vortex panel code reproduce the inboard motion, but an actuator line analysis, in which the chordwise vorticity is absent, does not. The conservative load is only$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1\mbox{--}2\, \%$of the thrust on the entire blade but${\approx }10\, \%$of the thrust at the tip ($r/R>0.9$). Conservative forces at the disc and rotor blade vanish for vanishing disc thickness or blade cross-section, so play no role in any of the infinitely thin actuator disc or line methods. However, if higher-order effects of non-zero dimensions are to be modelled, the conservative force field has to be included.
A Combined Intervention Targeting both Teachers’ and Students’ Social-Emotional Skills: Preliminary Evaluation of Students’ Outcomes
Authors: Iizuka Cristina Akiko , Barrett Paula M. , Gillies Robyn , Cook Clayton R. , Marinovic Welber
Published: June 2014

The literature indicates increasing evidence showing the benefits of classroom-based, universal preventive interventions for mental health and the link between social and emotional learning and academic performance. The FRIENDS program has been extensively tested and has showed promising results not only for preventing childhood anxiety, but also for improving students’ self-concept, social skills and coping skills. However, when it comes to communities in disadvantage, the results are mixed, with some studies reporting the need to include enhancements to the context in which the program is implemented to better support communities at risk. A combined intervention aiming to promote students’ social-emotional skills was piloted in a school located in a low socio-economic status area. Teachers received training to teach social and emotional skills for students and a resilience program for themselves. Students’ social-emotional outcomes were assessed at pre, post, 3 and 6 months following the intervention. Results showed that the intervention helped students to decrease their anxiety, and the intervention was well accepted by participants.
Legislative Gridlock and Bureaucratic Politics in the European Union
Authors: Junge Dirk , König Thomas , Luig Bernd
Published: June 2014

How does the risk of gridlock affect the type of legislative output? Do bureaucratic agents expand their activities when they can expect that the principals are unable to overrule them? This article introduces a novel approach for calculating the risk of gridlock in bicameral legislatures in order to estimate its impact on bureaucratic activities, combining data on all secondary and tertiary acts of the European Union (EU) from 1983 to 2009. The findings reveal that bureaucratic activities expand when the risk of gridlock increases and an overruling of tertiary acts becomes less likely. This may sustain the EU's overall decision-making productivity, but its bureaucratic nature may raise further questions about democratic legitimacy and principal-agent problems in the representation of interests.
DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY IN A LONG-LIVING COMMUNITY IN SARDINIA (ITALY): A COHORT ANALYSIS
Authors: SALARIS LUISA
Published: June 2014

The majority of studies on longevity in Sardinia point to an exceptional level of longevity, particularly for males, in this region of Italy. This study used individual data, considering selected groups of individuals such as centenarians, or focusing on cohorts of newborns in a large time period, that have previously been treated as a single group. An analysis on decennial birth cohorts from 1872 to 1911 in a selected village located in the Blue Zone area of longevity in Sardinia was used to gain insight into sex differentials in mortality in this area of high longevity and to separate differences between cohorts' experiences, considering the possible role of significant events in determining differential mortality among them. The results show that there is not a secular trend in survival in the birth cohorts under study, but rather that several points of mortality convergence and crossover occur, which make the estimates derived from conventional sensitivity tests of survival curves unreliable. Differences among birth cohorts' experiences are more marked among the male population and at early adult ages. External events are shown to play a relevant role in mortality variations, despite not having an impact on the ageing process. The results highlight that, although there are not statistically significant differences between the two sexes, the male population is exposed to a higher risk of death and proves to be more vulnerable to external changes. This suggests that extreme contextual conditions, both favourable and unfavourable, may significantly affect the mortality trajectories of a population.
Ascension Island shallow-water Zoantharia (Hexacorallia: Cnidaria) and their zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium)
Authors: Reimer James Davis , Lorion Julien , Irei Yuka , Hoeksema Bert W. , Wirtz Peter
Published: June 2014

This is the first report on the Zoantharia fauna (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) of the isolated oceanic island of Ascension, southern Atlantic, where zoantharians are a dominant component of the shallow-water benthos. Specimens from two expeditions (1983, 2012) were examined regarding external morphology and molecular phylogeny using three DNA markers, which confirmed the presence of four zoantharian species:Palythoa caribaeorum;Palythoaaff.clavata;Parazoanthus swiftii; andZoanthussp. Two of these,Palythoaaff.clavataandParazoanthus swiftii, were previously only known from the western Atlantic and Caribbean. Molecular examination of the zooxanthellae (=Symbiodiniumspp.) ofPalythoaspecimens showed that they were in association with only one type, subclade C1.
The onset and offset of psychosis – and what happens in between
Authors: McGrath J. J. , Miettunen J. , Jääskeläinen E. , Dark F.
Published: June 2014

As one would expect for a heterogeneous syndrome like schizophrenia, at the individual level the course of symptoms and disability vary widely. Mindful that the definition of recovery/remission varies widely between studies, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported that the proportion of those with schizophrenia who recover on both symptom and functional outcome is modest (approximately 14%). A 10-year follow-up of the English multicentre AESOP incidence study provides more ‘fine-grained’ insights into the time course of symptom fluctuation for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. We highlight selected findings from the new study and speculate on the role of different outcome domains for future study (e.g. symptom, occupational/functional, cognition, physical health, patient-nominated outcomes). Because recovery is a multifaceted process, we need to develop a panel of practical and operationalizable criteria for remission and recovery.
Practical considerations and evidence in James's permission to believe
Authors: HOLLEY DAVID M.
Published: June 2014

Philosophers often read ‘The will to believe’ as defending the substitution of non-epistemic reasons for inadequate epistemic reasons. I contend that a more charitable reading of James's argument is to understand him as proposing a contextualist account of the kind of evidence needed for responsible believing. On my reading, James claims that evidential support that might be insufficient in a purely theoretical context may be good enough when there is a pressing need to decide on a course of action.
The symphonic structure of childhood stress reactivity: Patterns of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and adrenocortical responses to psychological challenge
Authors: Quas Jodi A. , Yim Ilona S. , Oberlander Tim F. , Nordstokke David , Essex Marilyn J. , Armstrong Jeffrey M. , Bush Nicole , Obradović Jelena , Boyce W. Thomas
Published: June 2014

Despite widespread recognition that the physiological systems underlying stress reactivity are well coordinated at a neurobiological level, surprisingly little empirical attention has been given to delineating precisely how the systems actually interact with one another when confronted with stress. We examined cross-system response proclivities in anticipation of and following standardized laboratory challenges in 664 4- to 14-year-olds from four independent studies. In each study, measures of stress reactivity within both the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (i.e., the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system) and the corticotrophin releasing hormone system (i.e., the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) were collected. Latent profile analyses revealed six distinctive patterns that recurred across the samples: moderate reactivity (average cross-system activation; 52%–80% of children across samples), parasympathetic-specific reactivity (2%–36%), anticipatory arousal (4%–9%), multisystem reactivity (7%–14%), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis specific reactivity (6%–7%), and underarousal (0%–2%). Groups meaningfully differed in socioeconomic status, family adversity, and age. Results highlight the sample-level reliability of children's neuroendocrine responses to stress and suggest important cross-system regularities that are linked to development and prior experiences and may have implications for subsequent physical and mental morbidity.
The contributions of early adverse experiences and trajectories of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on the development of neurobehavioral disinhibition among children with prenatal substance exposure
Authors: Conradt Elisabeth , Degarmo David , Fisher Phil , Abar Beau , Lester Barry M. , Lagasse Linda L. , Shankaran Seetha , Bada Henrietta , Bauer Charles R. , Whitaker Toni M. , Hammond Jane A.
Published: June 2014

Neurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) is a complex condition reflecting a wide range of problems involving difficulties with emotion regulation and behavior control. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a physiological correlate of emotion regulation that has been studied in a variety of at-risk populations; however, there are no studies of RSA in children with ND. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity to an attention-demanding task were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. ND was assessed at ages 8/9, 11, and 13/14 years via behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction composite measures. Greater exposure to early adversity was related to less RSA reactivity at 3 years, increases in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years, and increased behavioral dysregulation from ages 8/9 to 13/14. RSA reactivity was examined as a moderator of the association between early adversity and changes in ND. A significant Early Adversity × RSA Reactivity quadratic interaction revealed that children with decelerations in RSA reactivity exhibited increases in behavioral dysregulation, regardless of their exposure to early adversity. However, greater exposure to early adversity was related to greater increases in behavioral dysregulation, but only if children exhibited accelerations in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years. The results contribute to our understanding of how interactions across multiple levels of analysis contribute to the development of ND.
The Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: Distribution of Hospital Damage in Miyagi Prefecture
Authors: Ochi Sae , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Lewis James , Hodgson Susan , Murray Virginia
Published: June 2014

Introduction

In catastrophic events, a key to reducing health risks is to maintain functioning of local health facilities. However, little research has been conducted on what types and levels of care are the most likely to be affected by catastrophic events.

Problem

The Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster (GEJED) was one of a few “megadisasters” that have occurred in an industrialized society. This research aimed to develop an analytical framework for the holistic understanding of hospital damage due to the disaster.

Methods

Hospital damage data in Miyagi Prefecture at the time of the GEJED were collected retrospectively. Due to the low response rate of questionnaire-based surveillance (7.7%), publications of the national and local governments, medical associations, other nonprofit organizations, and home web pages of hospitals were used, as well as literature and news sources. The data included information on building damage, electricity and water supply, and functional status after the earthquake. Geographical data for hospitals, coastline, local boundaries, and the inundated areas, as well as population size and seismic intensity were collected from public databases. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the risk factors for hospitals ceasing inpatient and outpatient services. The impact was displayed on maps to show the geographical distribution of damage.

Results

Data for 143 out of 147 hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture (97%) were obtained. Building damage was significantly associated with closure of both inpatient and outpatient wards. Hospitals offering tertiary care were more resistant to damage than those offering primary care, while those with a higher proportion of psychiatric care beds were more likely to cease functioning, even after controlling for hospital size, seismic intensity, and distance from the coastline.

Conclusions

Implementation of building regulations is vital for all health care facilities, irrespective of function. Additionally, securing electricity and water supplies is vital for hospitals at risk for similar events in the future. Improved data sharing on hospital viability in a future event is essential for disaster preparedness.

OchiS, NakagawaA, LewisJ, HodgsonS, MurrayV. The Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: distribution of hospital damage in Miyagi prefecture. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-8.
3 Echo: Concept of Operations for Early Care and Evacuation of Victims of Mass Violence
Authors: Autrey Allen W. , Hick John L. , Bramer Kurtis , Berndt Jeremy , Bundt Jonathan
Published: June 2014

This report describes the successful use of a simple 3-phase approach that guides the initial 30 minutes of a response to blast and active shooter events with casualties: Enter, Evaluate, and Evacuate (3 Echo) in a mass-shooting event occurring in Minneapolis, Minnesota USA, on September 27, 2012. Early coordination between law enforcement (LE) and rescue was emphasized, including establishment of unified command, a common operating picture, determination of evacuation corridors, swift victim evaluation, basic treatment, and rapid evacuation utilizing an approach developed collaboratively over the four years prior to the event. Field implementation of 3 Echo requires multi-disciplinary (Emergency Medical Services (EMS), fire and LE) training to optimize performance. This report details the mass-shooting event, the framework created to support the response, and also describes important aspects of the concepts of operation and curriculum evolved through years of collaboration between multiple disciplines to arrive at unprecedented EMS transport times in response to the event.

AutreyAW, HickJL, BramerK, BerndtJ, BundtJ. 3 Echo: concept of operations for early care and evacuation of victims of mass violence. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-8.
The effect of information regarding multi-attributes on consumers' choices of GM products
Authors: Heiman Amir
Published: June 2014

Previous research has found that presenting consumers with information regarding multi-attributes of a product tends to reduce the product's overall evaluation relative to a situation wherein only one attribute is presented. We find that the same phenomenon also holds for consumers' perceptions regarding attributes associated with genetically modified (GM) products. When given information on health (nutrients) and water use of certain crops, consumers reduce their quality perceptions compared to the situation wherein they are given only health or only water use information. In addition to replicating the findings on this phenomenon in another product category – that of GM products – we extend the theory by showing that multi-attribute information results in lower perceptions of attributes in addition to deflated total evaluation. This finding provides another explanation of consumers' resistance to GM products beyond risk and negative predisposition. Our findings can be used to guide policy makers in designing educational campaigns.
Asking questions of a palliative care nurse practitioner on a pancreatic cancer website
Authors: Grant Marian S. , Wiegand Debra L. , Dy Sydney M.
Published: June 2014

Objective:

Increasing evidence demonstrates the benefits of online cancer interventions but very little about the needs of those with pancreatic cancer or interaction with online providers. Our study was done to (1) see how many people would visit a webpage where they could interact with a palliative care nurse practitioner (PCNP), (2) see how many would ask the PCNP questions, (3) determine the type of questions, and (4) obtain feedback regarding the usefulness of the webpage.

Method:

Mixed-methods descriptive design.

Results:

There were 2174 visits to the webpage, and a total of 84 participants sent 110 questions/comments. Some 28 (33%) were people worried that they might have pancreatic cancer. Most questions (59, 53%) had to do with palliative care issues, with the largest subgroup (26, 23%) involving psychological concerns. A total of 39 completed an online survey and were relatives (20, 52%), or patients (17, 44%). They rated the webpage at 3.3/4 as being helpful at learning about the physical symptoms/treatments of pancreatic cancer, at 3.1/4 for learning about emotional issues, at 3/4 for learning about palliative care, at 2.8/4 for learning about hospice, and at 3.3/4 for reading other people's questions.

Significance of results:

The PCNP webpage was a helpful resource. Most asking questions were worried about having or getting pancreatic cancer. More research is needed into online providers, interventions, and conducting research online.
In search of real autonomy for fertility patients
Authors: Johnston Josephine , Gusmano Michael K. , Patrizio Pasquale
Published: June 2014

Nearly one in eight infants in the United States is born preterm. A variety of factors are associated with preterm birth, including multiplicity. In the United States fertility treatments are currently associated with high rates of multiplicity, but these rates could be reduced significantly if changes can be made to fertility treatment policy and practice. These include reducing the financial pressure on patients to prioritize pregnancy chances over safety by expanding insurance coverage and altering the way we calculate success rates and insurance benefits so that two consecutive single embryo transfers is equivalent to one double embryo transfer.
Monozygotic Twins with 17q21.31 Microdeletion Syndrome
Authors: Vlckova Marketa , Hancarova Miroslava , Drabova Jana , Slamova Zuzana , Koudova Monika , Alanova Renata , Mannik Katrin , Kurg Ants , Sedlacek Zdenek
Published: June 2014

Chromosome 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a genomic disorder caused by a recurrent 600 kb long deletion. The deletion affects the region of a common inversion present in about 20% of Europeans. The inversion is associated with the H2 haplotype carrying additional low-copy repeats susceptible to non-allelic homologous recombination, and this haplotype is prone to deletion. No instances of 17q21.31 deletions inherited from an affected parent have been reported, and the deletions always affected a parental chromosome with the H2 haplotype. The syndrome is characterized clinically by intellectual disability, hypotonia, friendly behavior and specific facial dysmorphism with long face, large tubular or pear-shaped nose and bulbous nasal tip. We present monozygotic twin sisters showing the typical clinical picture of the syndrome. The phenotype of the sisters was very similar, with a slightly more severe presentation in Twin B. The 17q21.31 microdeletion was confirmed in both patients but in neither of their parents. Potential copy number differences between the genomes of the twins were subsequently searched using high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and comparative genome hybridisation (CGH) arrays. However, these analyses identified no additional aberrations or genomic differences that could potentially be responsible for the subtle phenotypic differences. These could possibly be related to the more severe perinatal history of Twin B, or to the variable expressivity of the disorder. In accord with the expectations, one of the parents (the mother) was shown to carry the H2 haplotype, and the maternal allele of chromosome 17q21.31 was missing in the twins.
Long non-coding RNAs and enhancer RNAs regulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes
Authors: Ilott Nicholas E. , Heward James A. , Roux Benoit , Tsitsiou Eleni , Fenwick Peter S. , Lenzi Luca , Goodhead Ian , Hertz-Fowler Christiane , Heger Andreas , Hall Neil , Donnelly Louise E. , Sims David , Lindsay Mark A.
Published: June 2014

Early reports indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulators of biological responses. However, their role in the human innate immune response, which provides the initial defence against infection, is largely unexplored. To address this issue, here we characterize the long non-coding RNA transcriptome in primary human monocytes using RNA sequencing. We identify 76 enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), 40 canonical lncRNAs, 65 antisense lncRNAs and 35 regions of bidirectional transcription (RBT) that are differentially expressed in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Crucially, we demonstrate that knockdown of nuclear-localized, NF-κB-regulated, eRNAs (IL1β-eRNA) and RBT (IL1β-RBT46) surrounding the IL1β locus, attenuates LPS-induced messenger RNA transcription and release of the proinflammatory mediators, IL1β and CXCL8. We predict that lncRNAs can be important regulators of the human innate immune response.
Genomes and phenomes of a population of outbred rats and its progenitors
Authors: Baud Amelie , Guryev Victor , Hummel Oliver , Johannesson Martina ,   The Rat Genome Sequencing and Mapping Consortium, Baud Amelie , Guryev Victor , Hummel Oliver , Johannesson Martina , Hermsen Roel , Stridh Pernilla , Graham Delyth , McBride Martin W , Foroud Tatiana , Calderari Sophie , Diez Margarita , Ockinger Johan , Beyeen Amennai D , Gillett Alan , Abdelmagid Nada , Guerreiro-Cacais Andre Ortlieb , Jagodic Maja , Tuncel Jonatan , Norin Ulrika , Beattie Elisabeth , Huynh Ngan , Miller William H , Koller Daniel L , Alam Imranul , Falak Samreen , Osborne-Pellegrin Mary , Martinez-Membrives Esther , Canete Toni , Blazquez Gloria , Vicens-Costa Elia , Mont-Cardona Carme , Diaz-Moran Sira , Tobena Adolf , Zelenika Diana , Saar Kathrin , Patone Giannino , Bauerfeind Anja , Bihoreau Marie-Therese , Heinig Matthias , Lee Young-Ae , Rintisch Carola , Schulz Herbert , Wheeler David A , Worley Kim C , Muzny Donna M , Gibbs Richard A , Lathrop Mark , Lansu Nico , Toonen Pim , Ruzius Frans Paul , de Bruijn Ewart , Hauser Heidi , Adams David J , Keane Thomas , Atanur Santosh S , Aitman Tim J , Flicek Paul , Malinauskas Tomas , Jones E Yvonne , Ekman Diana , Lopez-Aumatell Regina , Dominiczak Anna F , Holmdahl Rikard , Olsson Tomas , Gauguier Dominique , Hubner Norbert , Fernandez-Teruel Alberto , Cuppen Edwin , Mott Richard , Flint Jonathan , Flint Jonathan
Published: June 2014

Finding genetic variants that contribute to phenotypic variation is one of the main challenges of modern genetics. We used an outbred population of rats (Heterogeneous Stock, HS) in a combined sequence-based and genetic mapping analysis to identify sequence variants and genes contributing to complex traits of biomedical relevance. Here we describe the sequences of the eight inbred progenitors of the HS and the variants that segregate between them. We report the genotyping of 1,407 HS rats, and the collection from 2,006 rats of 195 phenotypic measures that are relevant to models of anxiety, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis. We make available haplotype dosages for the 1,407 genotyped rats, since genetic mapping in the HS is best carried out by reconstructing each HS chromosome as a mosaic of the progenitor genomes. Finally, we have deposited an R object that makes it easy to incorporate our sequence data into any genetic study of HS rats. Our genetic data are available for both Rnor3.4 and Rnor5.0 rat assemblies.
Direct infusion mass spectrometry metabolomics dataset: a benchmark for data processing and quality control
Authors: Kirwan Jennifer A , Weber Ralf J M , Broadhurst David I , Viant Mark R
Published: June 2014

Direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) metabolomics is an important approach for characterising molecular responses of organisms to disease, drugs and the environment. Increasingly large-scale metabolomics studies are being conducted, necessitating improvements in both bioanalytical and computational workflows to maintain data quality. This dataset represents a systematic evaluation of the reproducibility of a multi-batch DIMS metabolomics study of cardiac tissue extracts. It comprises of twenty biological samples (cow vs. sheep) that were analysed repeatedly, in 8 batches across 7 days, together with a concurrent set of quality control (QC) samples. Data are presented from each step of the workflow and are available in MetaboLights. The strength of the dataset is that intra- and inter-batch variation can be corrected using QC spectra and the quality of this correction assessed independently using the repeatedly-measured biological samples. Originally designed to test the efficacy of a batch-correction algorithm, it will enable others to evaluate novel data processing algorithms. Furthermore, this dataset serves as a benchmark for DIMS metabolomics, derived using best-practice workflows and rigorous quality assessment.
Does Shining Light on Gold Colloids Influence Aggregation?
Authors: Bhattacharya Susmita , Narasimha Suda , Roy Anushree , Banerjee Soumitro
Published: June 2014

In this article we revisit the much-studied behavior of self-assembled aggregates of gold colloidal particles. In the literature, the electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions and the change in free energy due to ligand-ligand or ligand-solvent interactions are mainly considered to be the dominating factors in determining the characteristics of the gold aggregates. However, our light scattering and imaging experiments clearly indicate a distinct effect of light in the growth structure of the gold colloidal particles. We attribute this to the effect of a non-uniform distribution of the electric field in aggregated gold colloids under the influence of light.
Heteroatom-doped highly porous carbon from human urine
Authors: Chaudhari Nitin Kaduba , Song Min Young , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: June 2014

Human urine, otherwise potentially polluting waste, is an universal unused resource in organic form disposed by the human body. We present for the first time “proof of concept” of a convenient, perhaps economically beneficial and innovative template-free route to synthesize highly porous carbon containing heteroatoms such as N, S, Si and P from human urine waste as a single precursor for carbon and multiple heteroatoms. High porosity is created through removal of inherently-present salt particles in as-prepared “Urine Carbon” (URC) and multiple heteroatoms are naturally doped into the carbon, making it unnecessary to employ troublesome expensive pore-generating templates as well as extra costly heteroatom-containing organic precursors. Additionally, isolation of rock salts is an extra bonus of present work. The technique is simple, but successful, offering naturally doped conductive hierarchical porous URC, which leads to superior electrocatalytic ORR activity comparable to state of the art Pt/C catalyst along with much improved durability and methanol tolerance, demonstrating that the URC can be a promising alternative to costly Pt-based electrocatalyst for ORR. The ORR activity can be addressed in terms of heteroatom doping, surface properties and electrical conductivity of the carbon framework.
A novel microfluidic device for estimating the total phenolic/antioxidant level in honey samples using a formaldehyde/potassium permanganate chemiluminescence system
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A. J. , Al Haddabi Buthaina , Suliman FakhrEldin O.
Published: June 2014

A portable microfluidics device for estimating the total phenolic/antioxidant level in honey samples.
A novel one-step extraction method for simultaneously determining eleven polar heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat products by UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yan Yan , Zeng Mao-Mao , Zheng Zong-Ping , He Zhi-Yong , Tao Guan-Jun , Zhang Shuang , Gao Ya-Hui , Chen Jie
Published: June 2014

A one-step extraction method for analyzing 11 polar heterocyclic aromatic amines using UHPLC-MS/MS was proposed and applied to meat commodities.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers with modified rosin as a cross-linker and selective SPE-HPLC detection of basic orange II in foods
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Li Mei , Li Junjie , Lei Fuhou , Su Xiaomeng , Liu Min , Li Pengfei , Tan Xuecai
Published: June 2014

A novel sample clean-up technique, i.e., molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) combined with HPLC, was developed and validated for the selective extraction and determination of basic orange II in foods.
Electrochemical oxidation and determination of norepinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen using MnO2nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets
Authors: Vilian A. T. Ezhil , Chen Shen-Ming , Hung Yu-Tsung , Ali M. Ajmal , Al-Hemaid Fahad M. A.
Published: June 2014

Electrochemical oxidation and determination of norepinephrine and acetaminophen based on a CRGO–MnO2modified electrode.
Determination of five estrogens in wastewater using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph
Authors: Gunatilake Sameera R. , Clark Taylor L. , Rodriguez Jose M. , Mlsna Todd E.
Published: June 2014

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) hyphenated with rapid quadrupole mass spectrometry was successfully used to develop a novel method for the determination of trace level estrogens in influent and effluent wastewater.
Alteration of epigenetic program to recover memory and alleviate neurodegeneration: prospects of multi-target molecules
Authors: Pandian Ganesh N. , Taylor Rhys D. , Junetha Syed , Saha Abhijit , Anandhakumar Chandran , Vaijayanthi Thangavel , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

Next-generation sequence-specific small molecules modulating the epigenetic enzymes (DNMT/HDAC) and signalling factors can precisely turn ‘ON’ the multi-gene network in a neural cell.
A fluorescent light-up probe with AIE characteristics for specific mitochondrial imaging to identify differentiating brown adipose cells
Authors: Gao Meng , Sim Choon Kiat , Leung Chris Wai Tung , Hu Qinglian , Feng Guangxue , Xu Feng , Tang Ben Zhong , Liu Bin
Published: June 2014

We report the design and synthesis of a specific mitochondrial fluorescent probe AIE-MitoGreen-1 with AIE characteristics to monitor the mitochondrial morphology changes and identify the differentiation process of living brown adipose cells.
Selective ratiometric detection of H2O2 in water and in living cells with boronobenzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives
Authors: Bortolozzi Roberta , Gradowski Sebastian von , Ihmels Heiko , Schäfer Katy , Viola Giampietro
Published: June 2014

Fluorimetric detection of H2O2 is accomplished in water and in living cells by quantitative reaction of boronobenzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives with the analyte.
Sensitivity enhancement in slice-selective NMR experiments through polarization sharing
Authors: Lokesh Lokesh , Suryaprakash N.
Published: June 2014

Sensitivity enhanced spatially encoded NMR experiments.
Fluorine effects in organocatalysis – asymmetric Brønsted acid assisted Lewis base catalysis for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated heterocycles exploiting the negative hyperconjugation of the CF3-group
Authors: Volla Chandra M. R. , Das Arindam , Atodiresei Iuliana , Rueping Magnus
Published: June 2014

An efficient Brønsted acid assisted Lewis base catalysis protocol for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure trifluoromethylated dihydropyridazines has been developed.
Syntheses and electronic structures of μ-nitrido bridged pyridine, diimine iridium complexes
Authors: Angersbach-Bludau Friedrich , Schulz Christopher , Schöffel Julia , Burger Peter
Published: June 2014

Oxidation states in late transition metal nitrido complexes.
Delicate modulated assembly of a new kind of trinuclear copper(ii) motif governed by N-containing agents
Authors: Wu Shu-Ting , Tang Hong-Liang , Lu Shu-Mei , Ye Qiao-Yan , Huang Xi-He , Huang Chang-Cang , Hu Xiao-Lin , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: June 2014

A new kind of trinuclear cupric motif was preparedin situby adopting a novel multidentate bihydrazide ligand, leading to five assembly styles that were governed by N-containing agents.
Tailoring the properties of quadruplex nucleobases for biological and nanomaterial applications
Authors: Novotný Jan , Yurenko Yevgen P. , Kulhánek Petr , Marek Radek
Published: June 2014

The 9-deaza-8-haloxanthine bases (where the halogen is fluorine of chlorine) are highly promising candidates for the development of artificial DNA quadruplexes and quadruplex-active ligands.
Electrodynamics of soft multilayered particles dispersions: dielectric permittivity and dynamic mobility
Authors: Merlin Jenny , Duval Jérôme F. L.
Published: June 2014

A theory is presented for the electrodynamics of dispersions of spherical soft multilayered (bio)particles consisting of a hard core surrounded by step-function or diffuse-like polymeric layers with distinct electrohydrodynamic and structural features.
Quantitative measurement and mechanisms for CH4 production from hydrates with the injection of liquid CO2
Authors: Lee Bo Ram , Koh Carolyn A. , Sum Amadeu K.
Published: June 2014

Illustration of the potential mechanisms for CH4 production based on “exchange” and “no exchange” between CO2 and CH4 hydrates.