bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic toe walking: What’s New? An Integrative Review
Authors: Santos Letícia D’Ordaz Lhano , Oliveira Generoso Talissa , Angeli Luiz Renato Agrizzi de , Blumetti Francesco Caamara , Barcelos Filipe Machado
Published: May 2024

Objective: Consolidate the current knowledge on idiopathic toe walking, provide a critical overview, and identify areas for potential future research. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the following databases up to June 2023: MEDLINE, EBSCO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PubMed. The PICO framework was employed to define search terms. Results: Despite considerable methodological heterogeneity among studies, a stronger inclination was found to investigate etiological and prognostic factors. There is a trend for a higher prevalence in boys with a positive family history. Novel classifications have been proposed to improve differential diagnosis. Among conservative treatment options, there is stronger evidence for gait improvement using serial casting followed by orthoses. Severe cases may benefit from surgical zone III gastrocsoleus lengthening. Conclusion: Further studies with standardized methodologies are required to clarify questions about this condition’s etiology, classification, and treatment. Nonetheless, there is a higher level of evidence supporting conservative treatments with serial casting and orthoses and zone III gastrocsoleus lengthening for severe cases in the second decade of life. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies. Keywords: Walking; Equinus Deformity; Foot;
Osteotomia Minimamente Invasiva de Quarta Geração com Controle Rotacional para Hálux Valgo: Série de Casos
Authors: Nunes Gustavo Araujo , Dias Paulo Feliciano Sarquis , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Lewis Thomas Lorchan , Ray Robbie , Baumfeld Tiago Soares
Published: May 2024

Resumo
Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de pacientes com hálux valgo (HV) tratados por técnica minimamente invasiva de 4° geração com guia para correção da rotação do primeiro raio.
Métodos: Foram incluídos 22 pacientes nesse estudo. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo feminino, sendo 13 pés direitos e 8 esquerdos, com tempo médio de seguimento de 15 meses (12-18). Os parâmetros radiográficos avaliados foram o ângulo de hálux valgo (AHV), o ângulo intermetatarsal (AIM), a cobertura dos sesamoides (Hardy Clapham) e o formato lateral da cabeça do primeiro metatarso (FLCPM). O escore AOFAS, a EVA e as complicações foram avaliadas.
Resultados: O AHV teve uma melhora do período pré para o pós-operatório de 26,8o para 4,2o e o AIM de 13,2o para 2,7o. Com relação aos sesamoides, no pré-operatório 03 pacientes apresentavam grau 06, 10 o grau 05 e 09 o grau 04. No pós-operatório, 09 pacientes apresentaram o grau 02 e 12 pacientes o grau 01. Antes da cirurgia, o FLCPM era tipo intermediária em 17 pacientes e tipo redonda em 04 pacientes.  No pós-operatório, todos os pacientes foram classificados como tipo angular. O AOFAS médio aumentou de 45 para 91 pontos e a EVA média teve diminuição de 06 para 01. A complicação mais comum foi aderência da cicatriz cirúrgica em 4 pacientes.
Conclusão: A técnica minimamente invasiva de 4° geração com controle rotacional apresentou correção triplanar da deformidade do HV. Além disso, proporcionou melhora da dor e ganho funcional, com baixo índice de complicações.
My deepest gratitude...
Authors: Nery Caio Augusto de Souza
Published: May 2024

My first expression as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Foot and Ankle is one of deep gratitude for the opportunity that is being given to me by the Editor Emeritus and now President of ABTPé, Prof. Dr. Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos and our colleagues from the board of Associate Editors who elevated me to this position. My gratitude also extends to ABTPé, which, through successive directorships, has been providing support and encouragement to the maintenance and growth of our journal.
The task we undertake is challenging and immense—it depends on everyone's participation, from the most renowned professional who allows himself to publish with us to the most novice student who aspires, one day, to have his name written on our pages so that his ideas can be known to everyone. It depends on the altruism and tenacity of authors, reviewers, translators, correctors, layout designers, and technical editors to achieve the desired indexing. We have already been much further from achieving this goal than we are now, but we still have a long way to go! Let's accomplish this together.
In addition to a new system for submitting and evaluating articles, more in line with the major international scientific journals, we will include in each issue review articles whose main virtue will be to update professionals who are working daily and instruct young doctors who are still preparing to participate in this toil.
I urge everyone to read, disseminate, discuss, criticize, and share the learning we bring to our pages with your colleagues, residents, and students. We will consolidate the position of the Journal of the Foot and Ankle as a viable and practical alternative for disseminating your research.
Welcome...we need everyone's help!
Progressive collapsing foot deformity: how to use new knowledge in developing countries
Authors: Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , Dibbern Kevin , César Netto César de
Published: May 2024

The 2019 progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) consensus did not only change the disease nomenclature and provided a new classification for the condition formerly known as flatfoot deformity. It was also the pinnacle of a revolution in the field in terms of knowledge and clinical perspectives. The use of advanced imaging, such as weight-bearing computed tomography, three-dimensional algorithms, and magnetic resonance, expanded the way we understand peritalar subluxation and how we can address it. However,much of these improvements felt short in terms of global reproducibility due to economic restraints. The objective of this review studyis to present PCFD new concepts through the lens and realities of developing countries, considering their potentially limited access tonovel technologies. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.
Hubungan Berpikir Kritis Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 3 Palopo
Authors: Silas Erika Immanuela , Ismail Ismail , Suryani Irma
Published: May 2024

The development of information and communication technology demands that learners enhance their critical thinking skills to be able to filter accurate information, thereby achieving truth and a proper understanding of the knowledge around them. This is also expected to help improve students' learning outcomes. The research used in this study is quantitative descriptive research with the aim of determining the relationship between critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes in biology, specifically in the digestive system topic for Grade XI. The research subjects used were all Grade XI science students at SMA Negeri 3 Palopo. The determination of the subjects used the Slovin formula, resulting in a sample size of 147 students. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling. Data collection in the research utilized two instruments: a critical thinking skills test consisting of 10 essay questions adjusted to the critical thinking skill indicators according to Ennis and a learning outcomes test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions adjusted to the cognitive dimension indicators of Bloom's revised taxonomy according to Anderson & Krathwohl. Data on critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes were analyzed descriptively, and prerequisite tests were conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and simple linearity tests. The relationship between critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes was tested using the product-moment correlation test, and the results obtained indicate a very strong and positive relationship between critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. This research is expected to provide insight to educators in their efforts to enhance students' critical thinking skills.
Keywords: Learning outcomes, Critical thingking, Digestive sytem
Development of an AI literacy assessment for non-technical individuals: What do teachers know?
Authors: Ding Lu , Kim Sohee , Allday R. Allan
Published: May 2024

With the exponential development and vast interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the global economic impact of AI is expected to reach $15.7 trillion by 2030. While AI has infiltrated everyday life, a lack of knowledge of what AI is and how AI works is ubiquitous across all ages and professions. Teaching AI literacy to non-technical individuals has become imperative and requires immediate attention, however, assessing AI literacy has heavily relied on subjective measurements such as qualitative assessment and self-reported surveys, which may lead to biased results. This study contributes to the field by developing and validating an assessment created based on a well-established AI literacy framework. A total of 196 responses were collected from pre-and in-service teachers in the United States, and 186 responses were included in the analysis to validate the assessment. The final assessment comprises 25 objective-based items reduced from an originally 31-item assessment. Both experts’ insights were sought, and statistical methodology was employed to ensure the validity of the assessment. The results indicate that pre-and in-service teachers have a moderate level of AI literacy and in-service teachers performed slightly better than pre-service teachers on our assessment. Inconsistent answers across various AI concepts indicate that teachers may possess an even more ambiguous understanding of certain AI concepts.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Materi Bumi Sebagai Ruang Kehidupan di Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Pariaman
Authors: Eka Putri Adek , Nofrion Nofrion
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Faktor internal yakni faktor yang berasal dari dalam diri siswa itu sendiri yang menjadi penyebab kesulitan belajar Geografi khususnya materi bumi sebagai ruang kehidupan. 2) Faktor eksternal yakni faktor yang berasal dari luar siswa yang menjadi penyebab kesulitan belajar Geografi khususnya materi bumi sebagai ruang kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPS SMAN 4 Pariaman dan guru geografi. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 siswa dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan guru geografi menyatakan bahwa dari jumlah siswa kelas X.1 yang berjumlah 30 orang ada 17 orang siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar dalam pembelajaran geografi. Sesungguhnya guru sudah menyampaikan materi dengan relevan, konsisten dan memadai untuk membantu peserta didik dalam memahami materi, guru sudah menggunakan media yang sesuai dengan materi pelajaran dan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, demonstrasi serta mengulas pelajaran sebelumnya.
Art Collector of Colonial Korea: Pak Yŏngch’ŏl’s Art Collecting and Museum
Authors: Lee Kyunghwa
Published: May 2024

Pak Yŏngch’ŏl (1879-1939) was a high-ranking government official, businessman and prominent art collector during the modern period. After Pak’s passing in 1940, his family donated Tasan mun’go (the Tasan Collection) to Keijō Imperial University in accordance with his will. The collection was comprised of 115 artworks, which included calligraphy, paintings, and craft items, along with a fund of 20,000 won. Pak’s financial support laid the foundation for the establishment of the Keijō Imperial University Museum two years later. Both the donation of his collection and the subsequent founding of the museum distinguish Pak Yŏngch’ŏl from contemporary Korean collectors. This study sheds light on Pak Yŏngch’ŏl’s character as an art collector and his perception of the museum based on a detailed investigation of the Tasan Collection housed at the Seoul National University Museum.Pak Yŏngch’ŏl did not actively participate in the appreciation and collection of art until the age of fifty. He began collecting art around 1928, coinciding with his appointment as the vice president of Chosŏn Commercial Bank. Pak then spent the next decade focused on building his collection. This study focuses on Pak Yŏngch’ŏl’s inspection tour of European countries in 1928, which was the catalyst that spurred his considerable devotion to the collection of art. During the tour, Pak Yŏngch’ŏl had the opportunity to experience various museums symbolizing modern civilization in Europe. The Louvre Museum in particular, which was first opened to the public and renown for its outstanding collection, seemed to have informed Pak of the value of art. The cultural treasures exhibited in the public spaces of museums would have reminded Pak that the preservation of historical artifacts is one of the indicators of civilization.In the pre-modern period, the appreciation and collection of calligraphy and painting were typically private activities limited to the individual’s personal domain. However, the political and social changes brought about in the modern period redefined art collecting within a public context. Pak Yŏngch’ŏl, who formed a collection and donated it with the purpose of establishing a museum, epitomizes the shift in perceptions of art collection in Colonial Korea.
Tradition and Technology: The Digital Transformation of Classical Orchestras
Authors: Salvaggio Salvino A.
Published: May 2024

This brief note explores the impact of digital transformation on classical orchestras, highlighting its role as a catalyst for operational effectiveness, audience engagement and education enhancement, despite the challenges of sustaining digital performance viewership. The note highlights that while the initial embrace of digital performances may not maintain momentum, the lasting benefits of digital transformation in improving administrative processes, organisational efficiency, and community outreach are undeniable. It underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach that aligns strategic vision, resource management, and technological innovation within the orchestral domain to maximise the potential of digital transformation.
Personalizing AI Tools for Second Language Practice: The Role of Gender and Autistic Traits
Authors: Du Yiran , Wang Chenghao , Zou Bin , Ran Zhou , Xia Yinan , Ji Yuan , Liu Zifei , Yan Zheni
Published: May 2024

This study examined the relationship among autistic traits, gender, and perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for second language (L2) speaking practice. The investigation included 111 participants and utilized the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire to assess Autistic Traits (AU) and the sub-traits Aloof (AF), Rigid (RD), and Pragmatic Language (PL). It also employed various scales to measure perceptions, including Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Attitude (AT), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Usage Behavior (UB). The findings indicated no significant differences in AU, AF, RD, and PL between males and females. Similarly, there were no significant differences in PU, AT, BI, and UB between genders, although males demonstrated marginally higher scores in PEOU than females. Autistic traits showed specific correlations with perceptions of AI tools: AU was negatively correlated with PU, AT, and marginally with PEOU; AF was marginally negatively correlated with PU and AT; RD was negatively correlated with PEOU, AT, and BI, and marginally with PU. Furthermore, the study highlighted the moderating role of gender in the relationship between autistic traits and perceptions of AI tools. Specifically, the effects of autistic traits on perceptions were more pronounced in males than in females, particularly the relationships between PEOU and AF, UB and AU, and UB and PL. This research highlighted the importance of considering autistic traits in educational technology deployment, advocating for customizable AI solutions to better meet diverse learner needs. The outcomes contributed to a more inclusive understanding of educational technology, emphasizing the need to adapt AI tools to enhance learning experiences for all students, regardless of gender or neurodiversity.
Three yellow stars and three red hearts: Can subset-knowers learn number word meanings from multiple exemplars?
Authors: Wege Theresa Elise , Merkley Rebecca , Jasim Sarah , Ansari Daniel , Cheung Pierina
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have shown that number word learning is a protracted process. One challenge facing children learning the meaning of number word such as “one”, “two”, or “three” is that number words refer to a property of a set and not to individual objects. In this study, we focused on a sample of children who have not learned the meaning of small number words such as “two” and “three” and tested whether children could learn number words from examples of sets that help them focus on set size. Specifically, the experimental training condition included examples that highlight a common relational structure between sets through varying object properties in the sets (e.g., three yellow stars and three red hearts are both “three”), whereas the control condition did not vary object properties(e.g., two sets of three yellow stars with different spatial arrangement). We trained two- and three-knowers (N = 65) on the next number (i.e., three or four) and assessed their learning with a Two-Alternative-Forced-Choice task and Give-a-Number task. Overall, we found weak effects of training. We discuss our findings in the broader literature on number word learning and explore the possibility of analogical reasoning as a mechanism of number word learning.
Archetypal flow regime change classes as signatures of anthropogenic drivers of global streamflow alterations
Authors: Virkki Vili , Sahu Reetik , Smilovic Mikhail , Láng-Ritter Josias , Porkka Miina , Kummu Matti
Published: May 2024

Streamflow – a key component of the water cycle – is experiencing drastic alteration due to human actions. While existing studies have widely assessed the global extent and degree of this change, understanding of its drivers has been limited because previous global-scale approaches have largely relied on modelled hypothetical scenarios. Here, we overcome these limitations by providing a systematic association analysis of streamflow change and its drivers. We use observed streamflow data in 5,163 catchments globally and combine them with data on precipitation, evapotranspiration, water use, and damming. Building on a robust annual trend analysis covering years 1971–2010, we first determine archetypal flow regime change (FRC) classes, and then use them to investigate associations between streamflow change and its drivers. We find that 89% of all catchments are assigned to four main FRCs, which indicates globally consistent flow regime changes. By associating driver trends with the FRCs, we further characterise them by trends and changes in the four investigated drivers. We find that FRCs depicting decreasing streamflow quantity and variability are strongly associated with direct human drivers, either from water use or damming. In contrast, indirect drivers (precipitation and evapotranspiration) are more dominant in FRCs that depict increasing streamflow quantity and variability. Our observation-based association analysis substantiates the findings of existing model-based studies and can thus add detail and validation to their interpretations. This may support developing and adopting efficient measures to mitigate streamflow change and its subsequent impacts across scales.
The roles of jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio in perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents’ voices
Authors: Elliott Zuzana , Lee Anthony J , Altenburg Daria , Feinberg David R. , Jones Benedict C , Shiramizu Victor Kenji Medeiros
Published: May 2024

Although many researchers have recently raised concerns that the design of conversational assistants may reinforce potentially harmful gender-based stereotypes, little is known about the factors that shape how people perceive conversational assistants’ voices. A previous study (Shiramizu et al., 2022, Scientific Reports, 12, 22479) demonstrated that perceptions of these synthetic voices are underpinned by dimensions reflecting valence- and dominance-related perceptions, found that the dominance dimension was strongly negatively correlated with voice pitch, but did not identify any acoustic parameters that significantly predicted valence-related perceptions. Here we reanalyzed that study’s open-access data and stimuli, finding that voices that scored higher on the perceived valence dimension tended to have higher jitter and shimmer values and lower harmonic-to-noise ratio values. Moreover, some of our analyses suggested that these effects of jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio were more pronounced for perceptions of male than female voices. Collectively, our findings suggest that greater attention to the roles that jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio play in social judgments of synthetic voices may be a further route through which designers might create conversational assistants that do not reinforce potentially harmful gender-based stereotypes. This research was supported by EPSRC grant EP/T023783/1, awarded to Benedict Jones, and NSERC / CRSNG grant RGPIN-2023-05146, awarded to David Feinberg. Daria Altenburg was supported by Grant BOF.24Y.2019.0006.01 of Ghent University, awarded to Adriaan Spruyt. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.
Prompting sometimes invokes expert-like downward shifts in multimodal models’ conceptual hierarchies
Authors: Leong Cara , Lake Brenden M.
Published: May 2024

Humans tend to privilege an intermediate level of categorization, known as the basic level, when categorizing objects that exist in a conceptual hierarchy (e.g. choosing to call a Labrador a dog instead of Labrador or animal). Domain experts demonstrate a downward shift in their object categorization behaviour, recruiting subordinate levels in a conceptual hierarchy as readily as conventionally basic categories (Tanaka & Philibert, 2022; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). Do multimodal large language models show similar behavioural changes when prompted to behave in an expert-like way? We test whether GPT-4 with Vision (GPT-4V, OpenAI, 2023a) and LLaVA-1.5 (Liu, Li, Wu, & Lee, 2023; Liu, Li, Li, & Lee, 2023) demonstrate downward shifts using an object naming task and eliciting expert-like personas by altering the model’s system prompt. We find evidence of downward shifts in GPT-4V when expert system prompts are used, suggesting that human expert-like behaviour can be elicited from GPT-4V using prompting, but find no evidence of downward shift in LLaVA. We also find that there is an unpredicted upward shift in areas of non-expertise in some cases. These findings suggest that in the default case, GPT-4V is not a novice: instead, it behaves at default with a median level of expertise, while further expertise can be primed or forgotten through textual prompts. These results open the door for GPT-4V and similar models to be used as tools for studying differences in the behaviour of experts and novices, and even comparing contrasting levels of expertise within the same large language model.
Effectiveness of Reading Interventions on Word Recognition for Students with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review and IPD Meta-analysis of Single Case Experimental Designs
Authors: Batinovic Lucija , Hammarsten Jonna , Nilsson Karin , Topor Marta , Holmer Emil , Parlett-Pelleriti chelsea , Danielsson Henrik
Published: May 2024

Background: Reading is an essential skill for participation in society, yet persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) struggle with acquiring functional reading abilities. Recent development in research has shown promising effects of reading interventions on reading. This systematic review and meta-analysis will focus on single-case experimental design (SCED) interventions aiming to enhance word recognition skills among children with ID, reflecting an emergent and important area of research in special education, given the challenges in recruiting large samples. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of reading interventions with the primary aim of improving word recognition ability in children with ID. Inclusion Criteria: The review includes intervention studies aimed to improve word recognition abilities among primary school (k-9) students with ID. The interventions reviewed are categorized as phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, and other, and are included only if aimed explicitly at improving word recognition skills. Study Selection: We will search Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles and Academic Search Complete, accompanied with the manual searches of journals and referenced studies. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening with conflicts resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. Data Collection: Data on demographics, study design characteristics, intervention details, and outcomes will be extracted manually. Outcome data for word recognition were extracted from visual representations using the juicR data extraction package. Synthesis: Data will be synthesized with a Bayesian individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. This approach accommodates the expected small sample sizes in SCED research and allows modeling nuanced criteria of this design to evaluate intervention effectiveness and the explore of heterogeneity across studies.
More Education and Fewer Children? The Contribution of Educational Enrollment and Attainment to the Fertility Decline in Norway
Authors: Beck Kathryn Christine , Hellstrand Julia , Myrskylä Mikko
Published: May 2024

Period fertility has declined rapidly in Norway in the 2010s, reaching record lows. While there is a clear education-fertility dynamic, significant educational shifts have occurred and it’s unclear how much this contributed to recent fertility declines. To disentangle this, we utilize high-quality Norwegian register data and model yearly transitions between educational enrolment, attainment and childbearing for men and women born in 1964-2002. Using a counterfactual approach, we explore the contribution of educational expansion versus lower fertility by education to the decline in period and cohort fertility. Forecasting is used to complete fertility for cohorts aged 30+. We found that educational expansion contributed partially to the observed cohort fertility decline (2.11-2.01) for 1964-1974 female cohorts but stagnated for younger cohorts and the predicted decline thereafter (1.76 by the 1988 cohort), and the 2010s period fertility decline, is fully driven by decreased fertility across educational levels. For men, educational expansion was slower and didn’t contribute to the fertility decline. For both genders, the contribution of changed fertility behavior was strongest among the lower educated, particularly for predicted ultimate childlessness. Our results suggest that increased education isn’t the main fertility barrier in contemporary Norway. Instead, socioeconomic resources increasingly promote childbearing for both genders.
Terrorism and the employment of Middle Eastern men: a relational approach to event-based labor market effects
Authors: Reichelt Malte , Müller Christoph
Published: May 2024

Terrorist events reinforce stereotypes towards minority groups. However, empirical evidence on their labor market effects is mixed and inconclusive. Aiming to harmonize previous findings, we offer a new relational account to understanding event-based changes in ethnoracial disparities and argue that events (1) need to be understood as being embedded in a broader temporal context, which defines to what degree they evoke stereotypes about outgroup members, and (2) that stereotypes can lead to different degrees of discrimination, depending on inequality regimes of workplaces. We use Islamist terrorist events in the West and changes in the workforce composition within German workplaces as an example to test our theoretical presumptions. Applying a big-data approach, combining large linked employer-employee data (1999-2019) with archival newspaper data and the Global terrorism database, we show that periods of multiple Islamist terrorist events and high salience of the topic of Islamist terrorism decrease the employment of male employees with Middle Eastern origin, signaled through their names, within workplaces. The effects are mainly driven by smaller workplaces that do not implement organizational features restricting discriminatory behavior, such as formalized hiring processes or shop-floor worker representation.
A Workflow for Analyzing Cultural Schemas in Texts
Authors: Taylor Marshall A. , Stoltz Dustin S.
Published: May 2024

Concept class analysis (CoCA) is a method for recovering cultural schemas in texts using a combination of word embedding and community detection models. Like survey-based forms of schematic class analysis (SCA), however, interpreting results can be difficult. Some of these interpretive difficulties are applicable across types of SCA, while others are unique to CoCA. In this paper, we propose a complete workflow for interpreting and analyzing CoCA output. We use the case of social identity schemas in a collection of over 13,000 U.S. political blog posts to outline a number of interpretive and analytical strategies and a robustness check to make sense of the cultural schemas recovered from texts.
If the Bees Think: Exploring Animal Consciousness and the Quest for Natural Rights
Authors: Yu Chen
Published: May 2024

This article explores the complex subject of animal consciousness and the philosophical and ethical implications of extending natural rights to non-human species. Assuming that various animals exhibit forms of consciousness, this work explores the cognitive abilities and emotional experiences of primates, cetaceans, birds, mammals, and notably, bees, whose sophisticated behaviors suggest a higher cognitive capacity than traditionally acknowledged. The discourse extends into the moral considerations these cognitive capacities necessitate, discussing the philosophical underpinnings and the practical implications of acknowledging such consciousness in legal and societal contexts. By examining the relationship between consciousness and moral status, the article advocates for a redefined ethical framework that includes natural rights for animals, emphasizing the right to life, liberty, and dignity. The potential benefits of recognizing these rights are analyzed not only from an ethical standpoint but also in terms of broader environmental and societal health. This work calls for a shift beyond anthropocentric views towards a more inclusive, compassionate approach that recognizes the intrinsic value and rights of all conscious beings.
PERAN GURU DALAM BERINOVASI DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Putri Helma Saskia
Published: May 2024

Inovasi yang dilakukan dalam pendidikan menjadi fokus utama dalam menghadapi perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan pembelajaran yang selalu berubah-ubah sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum. Artikel ini mengulas konsep inovasi sebagai proses berpikir menemukan gagasan ataupun ide dan imajinasi untuk menciptakan hal baru. Dalam pendidikan, inovasi didefinisikan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah yang muncul, terutama dalam memastikan efektivitas pada pembelajaran. Peran guru sebagai penggerak inovasi sangat berperan penting dalam menghadapi perkembangan teknologi, meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa, mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta mendukung dan juga memfasilitasi kolaborasi dan kreativitas. Inovasi pendidikan melalui teknologi informasi, seperti penggunaan media pembelajaran dan e-learning maupun media lainnya, menjadi kunci dalam memperbaiki kualitas dan mutu pada pembelajaran, terutama di era pembelajaran digital yang sekarang bisa mendapatkan informasi maupun pengetahuan di internet kapanpun di manapun untuk mengaksesnya, akan tetapi hal tersebut juga memiliki dampak buruk karena tidak semua informasi yang tersedia di internet dapat dianggap valid dan juga membuat kurangnya minat penasaran siswa untuk mengetahui hal-hal lebih mendalam. Dengan memanfaatkan inovasi, guru memastikan bahwa proses pembelajaran berlangsung secara lebih efektif dan relevan dengan perkembangan zaman.
Transformasi Pendidikan di Era Abad ke-21: Inovasi, Integrasi Teknologi, dan Persiapan Siswa untuk Masa Depan
Authors: Arif Ahmad Syifaul Anwari
Published: May 2024

Pendidikan di era Abad ke-21 mengalami transformasi yang signifikan, didorong oleh inovasi yang menarik dan membantu dalam mengakomodasi persiapan siswa untuk masa depan yang penuh tantangan. Inovasi tersebut mencakup pengembangan keterampilan kreatif, kritis, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi, yang menjadi fokus utama dalam pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih relevan dan kompetitif. Guru memiliki peran sentral dalam menerapkan inovasi, memastikan bahwa siswa dilengkapi dengan keterampilan dan kompetensi yang sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman modern. Integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan menjadi kebutuhan mendesak, membuka pintu untuk pembelajaran yang inklusif, personal, dan efektif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi, seperti aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis mobile dan film dokumenter, secara signifikan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Ini menegaskan pentingnya inovasi dalam pendidikan untuk menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaran yang relevan dan berdampak positif bagi siswa di era ke-21.
CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y ESTRÉS POR CALOR EN EL ENTORNO LABORAL: UNA LLAMADA A LA ACCIÓN
Authors: Moreno Martín Gustavo , Inglés Torruella Joan Inglés Torruella
Published: May 2024

Las condiciones de calor extremo se establecen como el periodo de tiempo que es mucho más caliente y húmedo que la media para una estación meteorológica y lugar en particular (1). La definición de estrés por calor en el entorno laboral hace referencia al estrés térmico por calor en el ambiente de trabajo, siendo necesario para su control, medir factores climáticos como humedad, radiación de calor, temperatura y velocidad del aire (2).   
Los datos de temperatura a nivel mundial muestran una tendencia lineal al calentamiento, que ha sido de 0,85°C en el período de 1880 a 2012. Sin embargo, este incremento se ha situado en 1,1°C entre 2011 y 2020, cercano al límite de 1,5°C establecido como límite en los acuerdos de Paris 2015 (1). La principal causa de esta realidad reside en la quema de combustibles fósiles y el consecuente efecto invernadero por las emisiones de CO2 (3).
Los grupos poblacionales más vulnerables por el calentamiento global en el entorno laboral, incluye a trabajadores al aire libre de países tropicales y subtropicales, de bajos y medianos ingresos. Los sectores productivos más afectados incluyen la agricultura, construcción, bomberos, mineros, soldados y trabajadores de manufactura, entre otros. Luego, comprender y atenuar el impacto del calentamiento global en el entorno laboral, es pertinente para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), especialmente el objetivo 8: «Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico» (4).
En la literatura consultada, las medidas de autocontrol destacan en la prevención del estrés por calor en el entorno laboral, sin embargo, por sí solas no garantizan una protección adecuada, siendo necesarias estrategias complementarias de mitigación del calor, en función de los factores ambientales exógenos que influyen sobre la salud de los trabajadores (1).
INFECCIÓN DE VÍAS URINARIAS ASOCIADA A SONDA. ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN
Authors: Nava Gómez Martha Eugenia , Brito Ortíz José Félix , Valdez Escobedo Adolfo , Brito Nava Estefania , Orozco González Claudia
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Una de las cuatro principales infecciones relacionadas a la atención en salud, es la infección de vías urinarias asociada a sonda (IVU-AS). Objetivo: Describir un marco de referencias bibliográficas sobre estrategias para la prevención de IVU-AS en el área de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica en idioma inglés y español, habiéndose estructurado la búsqueda según operadores booleanos, con la siguiente combinación, en inglés: "Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection /nursing"; en español: “Infección de vías urinarias asociada a sonda /enfermería”, los términos utilizados tuvieron en cuenta el vocabulario indexado a la base de datos PUBMED, SciELO, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Latindex, Dialnet UNIROJA, Redalyc; la revisión se realizó considerando los últimos dos años. Resultados: Los artículos que conforman la presente revisión sistemática permiten analizar los factores de riesgo, acciones y estrategias a seguir para una correcta instalación de sonda vesical, adecuados procedimientos durante la inserción, mantenimiento, retiro, así como los tipos de cuidados de enfermería que contribuyan a la prevención y disminución de infecciones de vías urinarias asociadas a sonda. Conclusiones: La prevención de IVU-AS es esencial para reducir la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos asociados con las infecciones relacionadas a la atención en salud. Los artículos de la presente revisión sistemática forman parte
 
del marco de referencia de un programa de capacitación dirigido al personal de enfermería.
Generalized Hyperpigmentation in Graves' Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Shah S , Shakya S , Shakya A , Bhari R
Published: May 2024

Background: Hyperpigmentation is rarely described as a clinical feature of hyperthyroidism, however, it is one of the rare cutaneous manifestations of Graves' Disease. There are few reported cases of Grave's disease with diffuse hyperpigmentation. We hereby describe a rare case with diffuse hyperpigmentation induced by Graves' disease. Case: A 29-year-old woman came with the complaints of generalized hyperpigmentation of body since the past 3 months. On examination, hyperpigmentation was observed throughout the whole body, especially on the face, neck and the extremities.
Conclusion: The pathophysiological mechanism is not well elucidated. It has been hypothesized that thyrotoxicosis is associated with an increased ACTH release causing overproduction of melanin and that melanocytes express TSH receptors resulting in their proliferation when stimulated with TRAb. More studies are needed to understand the relationship between skin color modification and thyroid function status.
A rare Case Report of Hurler syndrome with multisystem involvement including glucose intolerance
Authors: Thapa S , Upadhyay TL , Paudel B , Gyawali R
Published: May 2024

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn deficiency in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, resulting from deficiency of Alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. An interesting case of a 19 year old male with a combination of skeletal, neurological, ophthalmologic, and radiological findings with MPS I-(Hurler syndrome) has been presented here in this case report.
Students’ Perspectives on Learning Science Education Amidst Covid-19
Authors: Ghimire Rajan , Gurung Gem Prasad
Published: May 2024

One of the diseases caused by a Corona virus shook the whole world. This situation challenged the education system across the world and compelled educators to shift to an online mode of teaching. Many academic institutions that were persistent to keep their traditional pedagogical approach were also forced to change their teaching methods. This study aims to assess science education students’ experiences and perceptions on this global issue especially on science teaching and learning process. The studies are based on qualitative research and through in-depth interviews with respondents and data are analyzed. The online distance teaching and learning process tries to address to some extent the needs of students who cannot or do not want to participate in traditional classroom settings. But there are some challenges for the students and teachers for the science teaching learning process. This study focuses on learning difficulties during pandemics and gives insightful feedback to planners and policy makers.
Analyzing of Bank Performance and Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Bank: A Case Study on Nepal Bank Ltd. in Damauli Branch
Authors: Shrestha Buddha Kumar
Published: May 2024

This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of bank performance with a primary focus on measuring customer satisfaction. This endeavor is of significant value not only to service-oriented enterprises at large but also holds particular relevance to the banking sector. A central tenet of this research is to underscore the importance of aligning customer-centric strategies with the diverse needs of customers.
At its core, this study seeks to illuminate the profound impact of the service quality rendered by Nepal Bank on customer satisfaction, thereby establishing a clear linkage between the two. The research employs purposive and convenience sampling techniques within a non-probability sampling framework. Both descriptive and analytical research designs are employed to elucidate the research objectives. Data collection is accomplished through the survey method, where a meticulously designed questionnaire is disseminated among bank customers. The questionnaire encapsulates customer service parameters and financial performance considerations, along with key determinants influencing these facets. The study employs the chi-square test to test its hypotheses. Statistical analyses entail a five-point Likert scale and a diverse range of tools, including measures such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and regression analysis, to comprehensively evaluate the variables of interest.
The findings of this study underscore the unequivocal linkage between bank performance and customer satisfaction. The study unequivocally concludes that the performance metrics of a bank wield a direct and substantial influence on customer satisfaction levels. The pivotal role of bank performance in driving customer satisfaction is a central implication of this study. Consequently, the banking industry is urged to continuously update its operational performance to be in congruence with the evolving preferences and desires of customers.
In conclusion, the insights garnered from this study highlight the critical interplay between bank performance and customer satisfaction. These findings underline the crucial role of customer-centric strategies in enhancing the banking experience. The implications extend to the broader financial service industry, emphasizing the need for adaptive policies that align business operations with customer expectations.
Effectiveness of ICT for Secondary Education System in Vyas Municipality Ward No-1 of Nepal
Authors: Pantha Deepak
Published: May 2024

ICT education in Nepal encounters obstacles that impede its effective implementation and widespread adoption. Insufficient infrastructure, including reliable internet connectivity, electricity, and hardware, poses a significant challenge to providing comprehensive ICT education countrywide. Additionally, a considerable digital divide exists between urban and rural areas, leading to disparities in access to ICT tools and technology. The research aims to explore the effectiveness of ICT in enhancing Nepal’s secondary education system, assessing its impact and benefits. It seeks to understand how ICT can improve various aspects of secondary education, ultimately enhancing the overall quality and efficiency of the educational process. Questionnaires and group discussion are the main tools of this research. Mixed method used in this research. The majority of participants considered ICT’s effectiveness as “Sufficient”, indicating a significant positive impact on the secondary education system. Additionally, 33% rated it as “Normal” suggesting an average impact. 8% perceived it as “Satisfactory”, indicating a modestly positive perception. However, 21% rated it as “Insufficient” indicating room for improvement. This analysis reveals that while many participants view ICT positively, a considerable proportion sees scope for enhancement. Overall, this study provides insights into the perception of ICT’s effectiveness in enhancing secondary education in Nepal, with most participants viewing it positively, through some believe improvements are needed.
Anglicisms in German – An Overview with Reference to the Neologismenwörterbuch in the Online-Wortschatz- Informationssystem Deutsch (OWID)
Authors: Cantarini Sibilla
Published: May 2024

Neologisms indicate linguistic changes in the lexicon. Vocabulary is particularly prone to changes since language communities constantly need new words and phrases to denote new facts or circumstances or they require new expressions for concepts already established. New expressions are often borrowed from other languages. English has had a strong influence on German vocabulary in the last decades. Therefore, German has several English borrowings. These anglicisms differ in their degree of integration into the linguistic system and vary, for instance, with respect to usage, style, and diffusion in the language community. With the help of the Neologismenwörterbuch, it is possible to have an overview of neologisms of English origin in German that integrate different areas of language change.
Pour une grammaire des notions et de leurs transformations rhétoriques
Authors: Collinet Françoise
Published: May 2024

Dans un article de 1955, Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca suggèrent que leur théorie de l’argumentation pourrait offrir un fondement à une étude placée sous le signe de la sémantique : l’étude des notions. Dans le Traité de l’argumentation, la multiplicité des exemples cités peuvent accaparer l’attention du lecteur et l’empêcher de retrouver les linéaments de cette réflexion sémantique. Si un projet sémantique apparaît dans le Traité, c’est à la manière d’un filigrane. L’analyse que Ducrot propose de mais et son commentaire de la Réfutation des dominicains par Pascal pourraient peut-être offrir à l’observateur un précieux moyen d’observer le fonctionnement de cette étude des notions promise par la Nouvelle Rhétorique. La démarche strictement linguistique de Ducrot permettra de mieux comprendre les rouages de la méthode perelmanienne, une méthode que, par contraste, nous nommerons « rhétorico-grammaticale ».
Sémiotique des démonstratifs cataphoriques
Authors: Kleiber Georges
Published: May 2024

Nous nous proposons ici de poursuivre l’analyse des démonstratifs cataphoriques (DC) en nous penchant cette fois-ci sur leur fonctionnement référentiel proprement dit : comment s’effectue exactement la saisie cataphorique de leur référent ? Ou, dit autrement, comment nous font-ils atteindre le référent visé ? Quelle est précisément la procédure interprétative mise en jeu ?
            Notre enquête comportera quatre parties. La première, très rapide, rappellera pourquoi les DC sont habituellement, aussi bien dans les typologies anciennes que récentes, rangés avec les démonstratifs anaphoriques dans la catégorie des démonstratifs endophoriques. Nous montrerons dans la deuxième partie qu’une telle classification, pour justifiée qu’elle puisse être si l’on prend uniquement en compte le critère du passage par le texte (soit antérieur ou subséquent), présente néanmoins un inconvénient majeur, celui de masquer l’asymétrie cognitive qu’il y a entre les DC et les démonstratifs anaphoriques. Cette asymétrie cognitive conduit à abandonner la piste classique de l’opposition intra-endophorique entre DC et démonstratifs anaphoriques et pousse à emprunter une autre voie comparative, qui conduit aux démonstratifs ostensifs. La comparaison que nous opèrerons, dans les troisième et quatrième parties, entre les démonstratifs ostensifs et les DC, en même temps qu’elle établira la vicinité cognitive des deux types de démonstratifs, permettra de mettre au jour, de façon plus précise et plus juste qu’auparavant, quel est le réel fonctionnement des DC.