bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos documentos para la biografía de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, un comisario real de abastos en los antiguos Reinos de Jaén y Sevilla (1592-1593)
Authors: Cabello Núñez José
Published: November 2016

El reciente hallazgo de nuevos testimonios escritos sobre Miguel de Cervantes conservados en varios archivos sevillanos, ha permitido atestiguar su presencia en Sevilla y en varios lugares de su comarca ejerciendo el oficio de comisario real de abastos en la primavera del año 1593. Estos testimonios esclarecen un periodo hasta ahora oscuro en su biografía, y al mismo tempo acrecientan nuestros conocimientos sobre sus actividades en la villa de Porcuna (Jaén), donde ejerció su labor de comisario en enero de 1592. La nueva documentación no sólo ofrece información sobre una desconocida comisión, encomendada a Cervantes el 21 de febrero de 1593 por Cristóbal de Barros, el proveedor general de la Flota de la Carrera de las Indias, sino que proporciona además el nombre de una mujer sevillana, doña Magdalena Enríquez, comerciante dedicada a la fabricación de bizcocho para la Armada, a la que Cervantes facultó ante escribano público para que pudiera cobrar el salario que se le adeudaba por este servicio. Es destacable la estrecha amistad de Cervantes con Magdalena Enríquez así como también con Tomás Gutiérrez. En total, son catorce los nuevos documentos cervantinos que, por vez primera, se reúnen y transcriben en esta publicación. Aunque seis de ellos ya fueron editados entre 2014 y 2015, los ocho restantes son inéditos. Con estas aportaciones documentales se abren, pues, nuevas vías de investigación para profundizar en la enigmática vida del autor del Quijote.
Juan Palomeque y otros «sinónomos voluntarios» entre Cervantes y Lope de Vega
Authors: Madroñal Abraham
Published: November 2016

El trabajo pretende demostrar que algunos nombres de la primera parte del Quijote tienen un significado malicioso para algunos intelectuales de la época, como Lope de Vega. Serían los “sinónomos voluntarios” que reprochó Avellaneda a Cervantes. Uno de ellos es precisamente Juan Palomeque, que se puede interpretar como una burla de esa ilustre familia de mozárabes toledanos.
Loca amoena en el Quijote. El arte de la transición en los episodios pastoriles
Authors: Márquez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2016

Los episodios pastoriles del Quijote nos permiten analizar la sutileza y la ironía cervantinas en el arte de la transición. Cervantes utiliza intencionalmente el tópico del locus amoenus para enlazar los episodios pastoriles y la historia cómico-realista de don Quijote y Sancho. El rasgo más llamativo de estas cuidadas transiciones es que el locus amoenus, que correspondería a los relatos pastoriles, se transfiere al nivel diegético primario, sustituyendo al cronotopo hegemónico del camino real. La función de este procedimiento es suavizar el tránsito al mundo de la bucólica. Por otra parte, este análisis nos ayuda a interpretar los episodios pastoriles como contrapunto grave (Marcela y Grisóstomo, Leandra), y a ver la siesta de don Quijote (Arcadia fingida) como el momento que inicia el declinar del personaje.
Don Quijote y Roque Guinart frente al estilo de vida de los poderosos
Authors: Roger Isabel M.
Published: November 2016

La Segunda parte apócrifa del Quijote modificó muchos de los propósitos de Cervantes. Varió el destino de su héroe. Sostuvo que la publicación tuvo lugar en Barcelona como don Quijote observa en la visita a una imprenta. Dio protagonismo a un núcleo urbano como en la novela picaresca. Ahora bien, no cambió su actitud frente a los poderosos que actuaban en la línea de la estulticia de Erasmo. Seguramente reafirmó su planteamiento de la Edad Dorada con la presencia de Roque Guinart, el único personaje histórico, que aparece en la novela. Este trabajo analiza cómo se comportan los poderosos frente a don Quijote y cómo coincide su actuación con la de Roque Guinart.
Escandinavia y el Persiles: de la Geografía a la Historia
Authors: Garrido Ardila Juan Antonio
Published: November 2016

A partir de las precisiones realizadas anteriormente acerca de la geografía nórdica del Persiles, este artículo considera la ubicación de la trama en el norte de Europa y la nacionalidad escandinava de los protagonistas, en una época en que el Nuevo Mundo o el Mediterráneo se presentaban como los escenarios más obvios para el género de la novela de aventuras. Se observa en primer lugar la presentación negativa de los ingleses en el Persiles –como en La española inglesa– en claro contraste con Arnaldo, el príncipe danés. La consideración de las relaciones entre España y el reino de Dinamarca-Noruega, incluido el matrimonio de Isabel de Austria con Cristián II y el tratado de Speyer, por ejemplo, explica la idealización de Arnaldo, Persiles y Sigismunda. Se identifica asimismo a los dánaos con los jutlandeses que se rebelaron contra Cristián II y se presenta a Arnaldo como reflejo, en parte, de ese monarca danés. Todo ello lleva a concluir que Cervantes escogió Escandinavia como patria de sus protagonistas y escenario de su novela porque reconocía a Dinamarca-Noruega como el aliado de España en la Europa protestante.
Análisis iconográfico de las portadas de las ediciones escolares del Quijote entre la II República y el Franquismo
Authors: Rodrigo Martín Luis , López López Aurora
Published: November 2016

El Quijote es la obra más reconocida de la Literatura en España y de la Literatura Universal, de ahí la importancia de llevar su lectura y conocimiento al espacio escolar a través de adaptaciones pedagógicas para su comprensión por el público infantil. La obligatoriedad de su lectura durante el período comprendido entre la II República y el Franquismo provocó numerosas ediciones escolares que tenían por objeto satisfacer su enseñanza en las aulas. Este estudio, centrado en la paratextualidad de la obra desde una perspectiva comunicativa e iconográfica, permite a través del análisis de contenido de las portadas de una muestra catalogada y representativa de adaptaciones escolares, comprobar que el duro intervencionismo político que sufrió la obra según ideologías dominantes antagónicas no influyó sobre su diseño, en tanto no sirvió a la connotación ideológica de estos espacios, a pesar de ser el primer elemento de persuasión comercial del libro y su función la de motivar a la lectura. Así, los datos de tipo analítico junto con los históricos explican la existencia de una imagen comercial del Quijote escolar despolitizada (la de la portada), reflejo de su trayectoria iconográfica, en la que no se han encontrado diferencias sustanciales atribuibles a las distintas doctrinas políticas. Sin embargo, el énfasis político sobre la obra erigió al Quijote en el héroe nacional de niños y adultos, convirtiéndolo en un referente universal de comportamiento, elogiable por sus grandes valores éticos y morales.
Cervantes y el CSIC
Authors: Martínez Olmo María del Pilar
Published: November 2016

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas conmemora el IV centenario de la muerte de Miguel de Cervantes organizando varias actividades científicas y divulgativas que tendrán lugar en la sede de Madrid y en las delegaciones de diferentes comunidades autónomas. En esta nota se describen las más destacadas y especialmente la exposición Cervantes y el CSIC, celebrada en Madrid durante el mes de abril de 2016.
El gemelo tonto (y dramaturgo) de Cervantes: últimas aportaciones a la bibliografía sobre el teatro cervantino
Authors: Urzáiz Tortajada Héctor
Published: November 2016

Artículo-reseña sobre algunas recientes novedades bibliográficas sobre el teatro cervantino: la edición de las Comedias y tragedias (dentro de la colección Biblioteca Clásica de la Real Academia Española) y el volumen Vida y escritura en el teatro de Cervantes (publicado por la Universidad de Valladolid en la serie Olmedo Clásico).
Ascetic tropics: Franciscans, missionary knowledge and visions of Empire in the Portuguese Atlantic at the turn of the eighteenth century
Authors: Palomo Federico
Published: November 2016

This essay focuses on the study of Franciscan written and intellectual culture in Portuguese America. Specifically, it analyzes the role the Franciscans played, through their writings, in the shaping of the Portuguese- American world, of the way that world was thought about, and of contemporary understandings of the place Brazil should occupy within the Portuguese monarchy. It examines the visions of the Empire which the so-called Seraphic Order developed in the Brazilian colonial context, the written strategies they used, and the missionary and colonial knowledge which they employed when constructing their perceptions of the American world. To that end, it looks in detail at the Franciscan friar António do Rosário and his text Frutas do Brasil (Lisbon, 1702), in which he used his knowledge of the natural world to construct a complex plant-based allegory with clear political connotations about Brazil.
Sofía Casanova and the First World War. Changing the Public Sphere
Authors: Ochoa Crespo Pedro
Published: November 2016

Sofía Casanova was a Spanish journalist and a Red Cross voluntary during World War One. Her chronicles were published by right wing diary ABC. Sofía Casanova was married with polish philosopher Wicenty Lutoslawski since 1887, lived at Polonia, and it is able to think about her as a “regular” middle-up class woman. However, if it is developed a biographic approach and it is focused in Casanova’s representations about both public and private spheres during Great War, some differences show up. Between 1914 and 1918, there was an irregular modification in gender system. The war impact in every-day life was an asymmetric modification of public-private boundaries. That historical phenomenon also depended on gender cross-wise categories as class, religion and nationalism. Sofía Casanova was in rear of the eastern front: she was both a witness and and a principal actor in all those events that modified public sphere.
Political caricature from a XXIth iberoamerican century. A cultural history of present time
Authors: Langue Frédérique
Published: November 2016

In an adverse context for freedom of thought in the so called public sphere, and from the perspective of the history of present time, this study explores the sense that is supposed to have in Latin America one of the “recent disasters” as was the attack against the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in France. Political caricature appears to be the expression of a traumatic experience and a shared political culture through both republican and democratic practices. However, on a continent democratized but still grappling with memory and the traumatic past of dictatorships, this imaginary is also strongly questioned by authoritarian ideological options. A figure hovers in both positions (democratic and authoritarian as well) and impacts on related imaginary: the victims figure, which within this relationship to the past or regime of historicity, not only replace “the era of witnesses” exemplified by the history of present time but also are integrated into an instrumentalized regime of emotions finally leading to a skewed view of history.
In memory of Michael Heyd (1943-2014)
Authors: Peset José Luis
Published: November 2016

In homage to Professor Michael Heyd, in this paper are presented some of the main influences of his book “Be sober and reasonable” (1995) on several studies about Robert Burton and his classical book The Anatomy of Melancholy. Mainly, the relations between medicine and religious thought are briefly followed, looking for confluences between North and South Europe. The influence of “enthusiasm” and “melancholy” in the history of European thought was always an important interest in the life and teaching of this very intelligent researcher of cultural history.
Uso del hábitat del jabalí Sus scrofa en el Parque Natural del Moncayo, España
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia , Herrero Juan , García-Serrano Alicia , Prada Carlos , Giménez-Anaya Alberto , Ayala Raúl , Fernández-Arberas Olatz , Fonseca Carlos
Published: November 2016

Estudiamos el uso del hábitat por parte del jabalí Sus scrofa a lo largo de tres años en el Parque Natural del Moncayo, un área protegida de montaña en el Sistema Ibérico, España. Para ello rastreamos las huellas y señales de su actividad en función de la vegetación, topografía, actividad cinegética y estacionalidad. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando regresiones logísticas binarias. El hábitat usado por el jabalí difiere según las estaciones, gestión y vegetación. Los hábitat mayoritariamente seleccionados fueron las altitudes medias (1101-1600 m) en áreas dominadas por la encina (Quercus ilex), haya (Fagus sylvatica) y robles (Q. robur, Q. petraea y Q. pirenaica). Las zonas no cinegéticas fueron seleccionadas frente a las cinegéticas. Encontramos diferencias estacionales en el uso del hábitat, con un uso mayor al esperado de los encinares en primavera así como de altitudes medias durante el verano. Los resultados muestran también que las zonas no cinegéticas proporcionan refugio en el interior del área protegida.
The Motivation/Attitude-Driven Behavior (MADB) Model in E-Learning and the Effects on Mouse Dynamics
Authors: Lim Yee Mei , Ayesh Aladdin , Stacey Martin
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the application of Motivation/Attitude-driven Behavior (MADB) model proposed by Wang (Wang, 2007a) in the e-learning context. The authors' work demonstrates how mathematical models and formal cognitive processes is developed based on menu search task. The effects of menu design on stress perceptions, motivation and attitudes during the search tasks are being examined. The correlations between emotion (stress perception), motivation, attitude, decision, behavior and mouse behavior are studied. The authors' findings are consistent with what was proposed by Wang. They also found that behavior is significantly correlated to mouse dynamics, such as mouse speed, mouse idle duration and mouse left click rate. Generally strong behavior strength results in slower mouse movements. The significant effect of behavior on mouse dynamics may be caused by motivation and decision, but not attitude and stress perception.
A Latent Feature Model Approach to Biclustering
Authors: Caldas José , Kaski Samuel
Published: November 2016

Biclustering is the unsupervised learning task of mining a data matrix for useful submatrices, for instance groups of genes that are co-expressed under particular biological conditions. As these submatrices are expected to partly overlap, a significant challenge in biclustering is to develop methods that are able to detect overlapping biclusters. The authors propose a probabilistic mixture modelling framework for biclustering biological data that lends itself to various data types and allows biclusters to overlap. Their framework is akin to the latent feature and mixture-of-experts model families, with inference and parameter estimation being performed via a variational expectation-maximization algorithm. The model compares favorably with competing approaches, both in a binary DNA copy number variation data set and in a miRNA expression data set, indicating that it may potentially be used as a general-problem solving tool in biclustering.
Impact of Swarm Intelligence Techniques in Diabetes Disease Risk Prediction
Authors: Mishra Sushruta , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Sahoo Soumya , Panda Bijayalaxmi
Published: November 2016

Diabetes has affected over 246 million people worldwide and by 2025 it is expected to rise to over 380 million. With the rise of information technology and its continued advent into the medical and healthcare sector, different symptoms of diabetes are being documented. The techniques inspired from the distributed collective behavior of social colonies have shown worth and excellence in dealing with complex optimization problems and are becoming more popular nowadays. It can be used as an effective problem solving tool for identifying diabetes disease risks. This paper aims at finding solutions to diagnose the disease by analyzing the patterns found in data through various swarm optimization techniques by employing Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayes algorithms. It proposes a quicker and more efficient technique of diagnosing the disease, leading to timely treatment of the patients.
Predictive Toxicity of Conventional Triazole Pesticides by Simulating Inhibitory Effect on Human Aromatase CYP19 Enzyme
Authors: Chachibaia Tamar , Hoskeri Joy Harris
Published: November 2016

15 common fungicides were evaluated to study their inhibitory effects on the human aromatase enzyme in comparison with the Letrozole (LTZ), the most potent inhibitor of aromatase (AI) used as anti-estrogen for breast cancer treatment using AUTODOCK software for calculation of inhibition energy on CYP19A1 aromatase enzyme. Those compounds with minimal binding energy are safer in terms of toxicity and resistance of other prescription drugs like non-steroid AIs. In the authors' study, they found that four triazole fungicides compounds, Triticonazole, Tebuconazole, Metconazole and Fluquinconazole, exhibited minimal inhibition constant (IC).
From IgE to Omalizumab
Authors: Kawakami Toshiaki , Blank Ulrich
Published: November 2016

IgE is the least abundant Ig isotype, yet it plays a critical role in allergic reactions and host protection from helminth infection. Although IgE was discovered 50 years ago, the ultimate evidence for its role in human allergic diseases was obtained by the efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in many clinical trials on asthma and other allergic diseases. Beginning from the discovery of IgE 50 y ago, followed by studies of IgE receptors and activation mechanisms, this review provides a historic perspective of allergy research that has led to the development of anti-IgE therapy and other strategies targeting IgE and its receptors. Current IgE studies toward future precision medicine are also reviewed.
Practising chaordic beauty: On embracing strangers in one inner city faith community
Authors: De Beer Stephan
Published: November 2016

In this article I read one inner city faith community – the Tshwane Leadership Foundation (TLF) – through the lenses of literature that reflects on chaordic organisations and chaordic leadership. I explore whether an emphasis on the management of diversity, which is widespread in organisational and ecclesial practices and languages, should not be replaced with a spirituality of vulnerable embrace, as I discover it in this specific faith community. It is a spirituality that combines an invitation and radical embrace of diversity, and a dance with chaos, with a posture of vulnerability and a vision of justice. I bring the reflections of community members in TLF on difference and diversity in their organisation, in conversation with scholars contemplating chaordic organisations and chaordic leadership. I then wonder whether their emphasis on embrace instead of management does not open up the possibility of retrieving and affirming the hidden beauties and potentialities mediated by diversity, which is, I suggest, to practise ‘chaordic beauty’.
Rediscovering joy in costly and radical discipleship in mission
Authors: Niemandt C.J.P.
Published: November 2016

The research attended to the call by the World Council of Churches in the mission affirmation Together towards life to renew methods of evangelism and to communicate the good news with persuasion, inspiration and conviction, by providing a theological framework for reflection on joy and flourishing life, and its place in mission studies.The link between mission, evangelism and discipleship was developed as a basis to expand the understanding of evangelism as an invitation to personal conversion and discipleship. Discipleship was defined as participating in the Triune God’s life-giving mission and as being on a journey towards flourishing life.It showed that the gospel message of joy, good news and life in fullness serves as a counterculture against the prevailing rhetoric of religious and secular prosperity gospels, consumerism and individualism. It also warned that discipleship in mission is costly and radical. Discipleship is a life of generosity and service, where the true disciple delights in justice, gives generously and cares for the weak.The research concluded with a discussion of practical holistic practices of embodied discipleship – practices that will form habits where disciples will live a flourishing life.
Vooronderstellings wat die eskatologie beïnvloed
Authors: Scholtz Jacob J.
Published: November 2016

Presuppositions that influence eschatology. If one is to understand where different views about eschatology originate from, then presuppositions of different theological systems must be identified. This article starts such an investigation by focusing on the relation between the two testaments in biblical theology. If the Old Testament is read through the lens of the New Testament, there is a risk that Old Testament truth may be forced into that prior grid. Further analysis follows – for example an investigation into the covenants – leading to a comparison of how presuppositions of covenant theology and dispensationalism impact their views about eschatology. Ways in which the Old Testament is fulfilled in the New Testament – direct, typological, analogical and summary fulfilment – are then considered and discussed. Guidelines for the relation between the two testaments in biblical theology are then proposed and illustrated with an example.
Valorisation de la jacinthe d’eau (Eichhornia crassipes) par la production de biocarburant : expérimentation
Authors: Adjahatode Flora , Kobede Aurel S.M. , Daouda Mohamed , Hodonou Anthelme , Guehou Boris , Aïna Martin
Published: November 2016

The efficient management of water hyacinth on Benin's waters remains a challenge. Moreover, given the urgency to find alternative energy sources due to the scarcity of fossil fuels, renewable energy obtained from lignocellulosic biomass is a promising route. The objective of the study is to determine the potential ethanoic water hyacinth. For this, the production of bioethanol from the water hyacinth was made chemically, which results in: a physical pretreatment of the raw material, a pre-hydrolysis with dilute acid, alcoholic fermentation yeast baker (S. cerevisiae) and batch distillation. pH measurement and content Volatile Fatty Acid in various fermented samples allowed the determination of optimal conditions for better fermentation. Indeed, 120 hours of fermentation are found to be satisfactory for optimum fermentation of water hyacinth. This required a yeast contribution of 2.5 % on the dry matter and L/S = 20. The dosage of distillate obtained after distillation of fermented mash by chronometer method was used to determine the concentration of ethanoic. Hyacinth which is 0.95 % V/V distillate from fermented biomass.

La gestion efficiente de la jacinthe d’eau sur les plans d’eau du Bénin demeure un défi à relever. De plus, devant l’urgence de trouver d’autres sources d’énergie suite à la rareté des énergies fossiles, les énergies renouvelables obtenues à partir des biomasses lignocellulosiques constituent une voie prometteuse. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer le potentiel éthanoïque de jacinthe d’eau. Pour cela, la production du bioéthanol à partir de la jacinthe d’eau a été faite par voie chimique qui se traduit par : un prétraitement physique de la matière première, une pré-hydrolyse à l’acide dilué, une fermentation alcoolique à la levure boulangère (S. cerevisiae) en mode batch et une distillation. La mesure du pH et de la teneur d’Acide Gras Volatils (AGV) dans différents échantillons fermentés ont permis la détermination des conditions optimales pour une meilleure fermentation. En effet, 120 heures de fermentation se révèlent être satisfaisantes pour une fermentation optimale de la jacinthe d’eau. Cela a nécessité un apport de levure de 2,5 % par rapport à la matière sèche et un rapport L/S = 20. Le dosage du distillat obtenu après distillation du moût fermenté par la méthode chronométrique a permis de déterminer la concentration éthanoïque de la jacinthe qui est de 0,95 %V/V de distillat par biomasse fermentée.
Auditorio y Escuela de música en Benejúzar. Alicante, España
Authors: Allepuz Pedreño Ángel
Published: November 2016

El Auditorio-escuela de música de Benejuzar -Alicante realizado por el arquitecto Efi genio Giménez es una magnífi ca muestra del uso intensivo del hormigón como material estructural y como cerramiento utilizado in situ o en piezas prefabricadas abordando diversos acabados ,disposición y color. El artículo se divide en cuatro movimientos a semejanza de una sinfonía y utilizando el símil del ajedrez para ilustrar los movimientos en el espacio, se enuncian las principales ideas que tiene el edifi co referentes a su orden interno, la técnica, las condiciones externas y una interpretación más personal del mismo.
Bodega Pago de Carraovejas. Peñafiel, Valladolid. España
Authors: Fernando Zaparaín Hernández Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

Este proyecto pertenece a una serie de obras con las que se pretendía indagar en una masividad liberadora de espacio que convierte en protagonista a lo que no se hace. Ese espacio en blanco, en forma de patios, sustracciones o vacíos, articula todo el edificio. La luz se administra mediante aberturas indirectas y singulares. La estructura se resuelve con grandes elementos superficiales, que se manifiestan como cerramiento. Gracias a esta acumulación de masa portante se liberan grandes paños de fachada, con los que gestionar sombras y transparencias de singular valor plástico. El hormigón, en distintos tonos, permite conseguir la pretendida continuidad sobre la que abrir huecos significativos.
Complejo deportivo Deodoro en Río de Janeiro. Brasil
Authors: BCMF Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El Complejo Deportivo de Deodoro, construido para los Juegos Panamericanos de Río de 2007, fue diseñado con la conciencia de que un lugar de competición y programa parecidos se utilizarían para unos futuros Juegos Olímpicos [Río 2016]. El grupo de edificaciones incluye las instalaciones de tiro, de hípica, de arco, de hockey y las de pentatlón moderno; y también áreas de entrenamiento permanentes para todas las competiciones nacionales, regionales e internacionales.
Contención, integración y permanencia
Authors: Da Cunha Mahfuz Edson
Published: November 2016

Las tres obras examinadas - el Centro Educativo Burle Marx, la sede del SEBRAE/DF y el Hotel Fasano Las Piedras - parecen ir por caminos muy diferentes de aquellos escogidos y premiados por la crítica internacional. Además de la postura de rechazo de lo fácil, tienen en común una casi modestia, una disposición de no “robar la escena“, de ser un componente de un sistema de relaciones espaciales. Todas adoptan confi guraciones elementales, prismas de base rectangular aislados o en combinación, como componente fundamental de sus formas. Están tan vinculadas a los sitios en que fueron construidas, que es prácticamente imposible explicarlas sin mencionar sus respectivos lugares.
Espacialidad, tectónica y montaje
Authors: Diniz Moreira Fernando
Published: November 2016

Las obras discutidas, la sede del Sebrae, la residencia en Ubatuba y el Complejo Deportivo de Deodoro, muestran como la nueva generación considera la propia construcción como un medio de expresión y cree que debe ser, y demostrar ser, honesta, clara y bien resuelta. El cuidado con las uniones y articulaciones de materiales, la forma como los materiales son tratados, el nivel de detalle por medio de la clara exposición de partes y remates, la honestidad constructiva, la mezcla de materiales tradicionales y prefabricados y el hacer evidente el proceso constructivo apuntan hacia caminos prometedores para la arquitectura brasileña, en los cuales el hormigón parece ser aún un importante protagonista.
Effect of retreating sea ice on Arctic cloud cover in simulated recent global warming
Authors: Abe Manabu , Nozawa Toru , Ogura Tomoo , Takata Kumiko
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study investigates the effect of sea ice reduction on Arctic cloud cover in historical simulations with the coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model MIROC5. Arctic sea ice has been substantially retreating since the 1980s, particularly in September, under simulated global warming conditions. The simulated sea ice reduction is consistent with satellite observations. On the other hand, Arctic cloud cover has been increasing in October, with about a 1-month lag behind the sea ice reduction. The delayed response leads to extensive sea ice reductions because the heat and moisture fluxes from the underlying open ocean into the atmosphere are enhanced. Sensitivity experiments with the atmospheric part of MIROC5 clearly show that sea ice reduction causes increases in cloud cover. Arctic cloud cover increases primarily in the lower troposphere, but it decreases in the near-surface layers just above the ocean; predominant temperature rises in these near-surface layers cause drying (i.e., decreases in relative humidity), despite increasing moisture flux. Cloud radiative forcing due to increases in cloud cover in autumn brings an increase in the surface downward longwave radiation (DLR) by approximately 40–60 % compared to changes in clear-sky surface DLR in fall. These results suggest that an increase in Arctic cloud cover as a result of reduced sea ice coverage may bring further sea ice retreat and enhance the feedback processes of Arctic warming.
First detection of ammonia (NH3) in the Asian summer monsoon upper troposphere
Authors: Höpfner Michael , Volkamer Rainer , Grabowski Udo , Grutter Michel , Orphal Johannes , Stiller Gabriele , von Clarmann Thomas , Wetzel Gerald
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) has been detected in the upper troposphere by the analysis of averaged MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) infrared limb-emission spectra. We have found enhanced amounts of NH3 within the region of the Asian summer monsoon at 12–15 km altitude. Three-monthly, 10° longitude  ×  10° latitude average profiles reaching maximum mixing ratios of around 30 pptv in this altitude range have been retrieved, with a vertical resolution of 3–8 km and estimated errors of about 5 pptv. These observations show that loss processes during transport from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere within the Asian monsoon do not deplete the air entirely of NH3. Thus, ammonia might contribute to the so-called Asian tropopause aerosol layer by the formation of ammonium aerosol particles. On a global scale, outside the monsoon area and during different seasons, we could not detect enhanced values of NH3 above the actual detection limit of about 3–5 pptv. This upper bound helps to constrain global model simulations.
Errors induced by different approximations in handling horizontal atmospheric inhomogeneities in MIPAS/ENVISAT retrievals
Authors: Castelli Elisa , Ridolfi Marco , Carlotti Massimo , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Kirner Oliver , Kiefer Michael , Dinelli Bianca Maria
Published: November 2016

Abstract. MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is a mid-infrared limb emission sounder that operated on board the polar satellite ENVISAT from 2002 to 2012. The retrieval algorithm used by the European Space Agency to process MIPAS measurements exploits the assumption that the atmosphere is horizontally homogeneous. However, previous studies highlighted how this assumption causes significant errors on the retrieved profiles of some MIPAS target species.In this paper we quantify the errors induced by this assumption and evaluate the performances of three different algorithms that can be used to mitigate the problem. We generate synthetic observations with a high spatial resolution atmospheric model and carry out the retrievals with four alternative methods. The first assumes horizontal homogeneity (1-D retrieval), the second includes a model of the horizontal gradient of atmospheric temperature (1-D plus temperature gradient retrieval), the third accounts for an horizontal gradient of temperature and composition (1-D plus temperature and composition gradient retrieval), while the fourth is the full two-dimensional (2-D) inversion approach.Our results highlight that the 1-D retrieval implies errors that are significant for averages of profiles. Furthermore, for some targets (e.g. T, CH4 and N2O below 10 hPa) the error induced by the 1-D approximation also becomes visible in the individual retrieved profiles. The inclusion of any kind of horizontal variability model improves all the targets with respect to the horizontal homogeneity assumption. For temperature, HNO3 and CFC-11, the inclusion of an horizontal temperature gradient leads to a significant reduction of the error. For other targets, such as H2O, O3, N2O, CH4, the improvements due to the inclusion of an horizontal temperature gradient are minor. In these cases, the inclusion of a gradient in the target volume mixing ratio leads to significant improvements. Among all the methods tested in this work, the 2-D approach, as expected, implies the smallest errors for almost all the target parameters. This residual error of the 2-D approach is the smoothing caused by the retrieval grid, which is coarser than that of the atmospheric model.
Jens Esmark's Christiania (Oslo) meteorological observations 1816–1838: the first long-term continuous temperature record from the Norwegian capital homogenized and analysed
Authors: Hestmark Geir , Nordli Øyvind
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In 2010 we rediscovered the complete set of meteorological observation protocols made by Jens Esmark (1762–1839) during his years of residence in the Norwegian capital of Oslo (then Christiania). From 1 January 1816 to 25 January 1839, Esmark at his house in Øvre Voldgate in the morning, early afternoon and late evening recorded air temperature with state-of-the-art thermometers. He also noted air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation and wind directions, and experimented with rain gauges and hygrometers. From 1818 to the end of 1838 he twice a month provided weather tables to the official newspaper Den Norske Rigstidende, and thus acquired a semi-official status as the first Norwegian state meteorologist. This paper evaluates the quality of Esmark's temperature observations and presents new metadata, new homogenization and analysis of monthly means. Three significant shifts in the measurement series were detected, and suitable corrections are proposed. The air temperature in Oslo during this period is shown to exhibit a slow rise from 1816 towards 1825, followed by a slighter fall again towards 1838.
“Character Assassins”: How the FBI Used the Issue of Homosexuality against the Black Freedom Struggle
Authors: Leighton Jared
Published: November 2016

This article examines Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) inquiries into and counterintelligence actions against gay and lesbian activists in the Black freedom struggle. Drawing on dozens of individual Freedom of Information Act requests and the files of the counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO), this article argues that the FBI’s investigation and exposure of gay and lesbian activists in the Black freedom struggle served as a tactic typical of the FBI’s attempts to discredit and sow division within and among civil rights and Black Power groups. Prior to creating a formal counterintelligence program against the movement, the bureau focused its efforts on often ineffective attempts at outing individual activists. With the creation in 1967 of a formal COINTELPRO against so-called “Black Nationalist–Hate Groups” and “Black Extremists,” however, the bureau drew on this tactic to even greater effect. While other scholars have highlighted extreme tactics employed in COINTELPRO, like fomenting outright violence, this article finds little evidence of that. Instead, a more typical technique of the FBI was the use of poison-pen letters or leaflets that outed gays in the movement to fellow activists or reporters or raised the issue of homosexuality to sow division within the movement and between organizations. In the end, this article draws attention to a rarely discussed issue in Black freedom struggle historiography—the role of gay and lesbian activists and the added burdens they faced from opposition forces—while reexamining COINTELPRO to gain a better understanding of the actions that typified its efforts to discredit and divide the movement.
Middle School Students’ Perceptions of the Quality of School Life in Ankara
Authors: Eres Figen , Bilasa Pinar
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research is to measure the perception of middle school students in Ankara regarding the quality of school life. According to the findings obtained, the students have moderate level perceptions about the quality of school life. Their perceptions about sub-dimensions vary. While the students have the highest perceptions about sub-dimension “status”, they have the lowest perceptions about “school management”. The students have moderate perceptions about sub-dimension “student” which includes mutual relations between students. Similarly, they have moderate perceptions about feelings towards the school which include items related with school image as perceived by the students. The school management, which is directly responsible for the school climate and image, has an impact on life quality perception. Analyzing school life quality of the students by their demographic features, it was found that female students and students in a class consisting of 10-20 students have higher school life quality perception. Although academic success of the students varies, their school life quality perception does not vary.
Comparison of Post-harvest Practices of the Individual Farmers and the Farmers in Cooperative of Côte d’Ivoire and Statistical Identification of Modalities Responsible of Non-quality
Authors: Akmel Djedjro C. , Nogbou Arsene L. I , Cisse Ibrahima , Kakou Kouassi E. , Kone Kisselmina Youssouf , Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel , Yao Benjamin
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this study were to compare the modalities of the post-harvest practices of these two groups and to statistically identify the modalities responsible of non-quality (under grade) on the basis of results of Pareto chart and proportion of successes calculated for each modality. A survey about of modalities of post-harvest processing methods and about the quality of the beans obtained was conducted among producers of the largest producing region of Côte d’Ivoire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test of concordance and the Pareto chart. The results show that there is no correlation between practice of the individual farmers and the farmers in cooperatives. Highly significant differences (p-value < 0.001) were observed in the number of brewing; the fermentation time; the materials of fermentation and drying impacting the quality of merchantable cocoa. Samples collected from farmers into cooperatives have fewer defects than those of individual farmers. Regarding the modalities of the post-harvest practice responsible of the under-grades, the results showed that the samples of farmers in cooperatives had fewer defects than those of individual farmers. Thus, obtaining a good quality cocoa beans must take into account the best modality at each step of post-harvest practices. However certain modality should be avoided. These are: the time breaking pods of one day; the absence of brewing during the fermentation; the time of fermentation less than or equal to three days and the time of drying less than or equal to two days.
Thermal Structure of the Outer Northern Apennines along the CROP-03 Profile
Authors: Santini Stefano , Mazzoli Stefano , Megna Antonella , Candela Stefania
Published: November 2016

In this study, we elaborated a 2D model that reproduces the thermal structure of the central-northern Adriatic offshore and adjacent onshore area of the Italian peninsula. Based on the crustal structure along the trace of the CROP-03 deep section, the geotherms offshore Gabicce (northern Marche region) were obtained by an analytical procedure taking into account the role of thrusting within the sedimentary cover. Basement involvement at depth beneath the neighbouring Mondaino area to the SW, where a crustal thrust ramp dips towards the hinterland, required the use of a different analytical procedure. The results obtained in this study allowed us to define a satisfactory description of the thermal state of the northern Marche coastal area and adjacent Adriatic offshore. These results, integrated with those obtained by previous studies, confirm that the isotherms of 250°C and 400°C are placed in the stable Adriatic lithosphere at depths of about 11 km and 22 km, respectively. Furthermore, the 400°C isotherm is deeper in the onshore area, reaching a depth of about 30 km in the zone comprised between Gabicce and Mondaino, whereas the 250°C isotherm deepens towards the SW along the Adriatic Sea sector, to reach a maximum depth of 13 km in coastal area, rising again at a depth of 11 km in the innermost sector of the studied section.
Origene, il pozzo di Giacobbe e l’άνήρ della samaritana
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

With regard to the interpretation of the conversation between Jesus and the Samaritan woman examined by Origen in Book 13 of the Commentary on John, in this study the Author analyzes certain terms (e.g. φρέαρ, πηγή, άνήρ, νόμος) or expressions (e.g. “you spoke the truth there”, Io. 4, 18) on which Origen’s analysis focuses, and he concludes that the great Alexandrian exegete does not seem to show his best skills in these explanations.
La fede degli iniziati
Authors: Miranda Americo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

In the mystagogical catecheses of the fourth century (Cyril of Jerusalem, Ambrose, John Chrysostom), the term “faith” defines significantly the condition both of the catechumens and of the initiates at the end of their itinerary. The believer reaches the condition of “faithful” thanks to the support of the community, through an experience involving several ascetical aspects. For both eastern and western preachers, contact with the mystery during the liturgy leads to a particular expression of faith: through an existential break in the catechumen’s experience, baptism determines the full adhesion of every believer to the profession of the faith of the community.
Su tre Scholia teopaschiti di Giovanni di Scitopoli al de divinis nominibus
Authors: Nigra Alberto ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

John of Scythopolis, the first scholiast of the Corpus Dionysiacum, played a role in the debates that took place after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and contributed in an original way to the development of Christological dogma in preparation for the Council of Constantinople II in 553. In particular, he uses the theopaschite formula both in its so-called “Alexandrian” version as well as in that attributed to the Scythian monks. Several instances of the formula occur in three of his Scholia on Dionysius’s De divinis nominibus and show both his concentration upon the hypostasis of the Word as well as his identification of Christ with the Lovgoç. In this way, he looks for a new via media within Christological doctrine that truly can be called “Neo-chalcedonian.”
CyanoTOX: Tools for Managing Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment With Chemical Oxidants
Authors: Stanford Benjamin D. , Adams Craig , Rosenfeldt Erik J. , Arevalo Elisa , Reinert Allison
Published: November 2016

CyanoTOX is a spreadsheet tool developed to estimate the removal of extracellular cyanotoxins and help utilities address the complexities of the oxidation of cyanotoxins.
The Water Industry Future I'd Like My Daughter to See
Authors: Song Andrea
Published: November 2016

It wasn't until my daughter's first birthday party three years ago that it really hit me ‐ what it meant to be a female in a male‐dominated field of engineering and science. This was when I saw through my daughter's eyes the future I'd like to see for her.
Neuroendocrine modulation sustains the C. elegans forward motor state
Authors: Lim Maria A , Chitturi Jyothsna , Laskova Valeriya , Meng Jun , Findeis Daniel , Wiekenberg Anne , Mulcahy Ben , Luo Linjiao , Li Yan , Lu Yangning , Hung Wesley , Qu Yixin , Ho Chi-Yip , Holmyard Douglas , Ji Ni , McWhirter Rebecca , Samuel Aravinthan DT , Miller David M , Schnabel Ralf , Calarco John A , Zhen Mei
Published: November 2016

Neuromodulators shape neural circuit dynamics. Combining electron microscopy, genetics, transcriptome profiling, calcium imaging, and optogenetics, we discovered a peptidergic neuron that modulates C. elegans motor circuit dynamics. The Six/SO-family homeobox transcription factor UNC-39 governs lineage-specific neurogenesis to give rise to a neuron RID. RID bears the anatomic hallmarks of a specialized endocrine neuron: it harbors near-exclusive dense core vesicles that cluster periodically along the axon, and expresses multiple neuropeptides, including the FMRF-amide-related FLP-14. RID activity increases during forward movement. Ablating RID reduces the sustainability of forward movement, a phenotype partially recapitulated by removing FLP-14. Optogenetic depolarization of RID prolongs forward movement, an effect reduced in the absence of FLP-14. Together, these results establish the role of a neuroendocrine cell RID in sustaining a specific behavioral state in C. elegans.
Successful transmission and transcriptional deployment of a human chromosome via mouse male meiosis
Authors: Ernst Christina , Pike Jeremy , Aitken Sarah J , Long Hannah K , Eling Nils , Stojic Lovorka , Ward Michelle C , Connor Frances , Rayner Timothy F , Lukk Margus , Klose Robert J , Kutter Claudia , Odom Duncan T
Published: November 2016

Most human aneuploidies originate maternally, due in part to the presence of highly stringent checkpoints during male meiosis. Indeed, male sterility is common among aneuploid mice used to study chromosomal abnormalities, and male germline transmission of exogenous DNA has been rarely reported. Here we show that, despite aberrant testis architecture, males of the aneuploid Tc1 mouse strain produce viable sperm and transmit human chromosome 21 to create aneuploid offspring. In these offspring, we mapped transcription, transcriptional initiation, enhancer activity, non-methylated DNA, and transcription factor binding in adult tissues. Remarkably, when compared with mice derived from female passage of human chromosome 21, the chromatin condensation during spermatogenesis and the extensive epigenetic reprogramming specific to male germline transmission resulted in almost indistinguishable patterns of transcriptional deployment. Our results reveal an unexpected tolerance of aneuploidy during mammalian spermatogenesis, and the surprisingly robust ability of mouse developmental machinery to accurately deploy an exogenous chromosome, regardless of germline transmission.