bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
鈍的腹部外傷を契機に肝膿瘍破裂を来した侵襲性肝膿瘍症候群の1例(Invasive liver abscess syndrome associated with ruptured liver abscess secondary to blunt abdominal trauma: a case report)
Authors: 秀将 工藤 , 翔太 前澤 , 亮太 瀬尾 , 岳史 寺田 , 崇 入野田
Published: August 2023

鈍的腹部外傷を契機に肝膿瘍破裂を来した侵襲性肝膿瘍症候群の症例を経験した。症例は70歳代の男性で運転中の一過性意識障害により，事故を起こした。CT検査で肝S5深部からS6に造影剤血管外漏出像を伴う日本外傷学会肝損傷分類IIIb型の肝損傷と診断した。緊急動脈塞栓術を施行し止血を得たが，血液検査でCRP 20.68mg/dLと高値であった。第2病日に体温38.5℃の発熱を認め，感染症の合併を疑い，各種培養を採取し抗菌薬を開始した。第4病日に過粘稠性Klebsiella pneumoniaeが検出され，第5病日にCT検査を再検したところ肝S6に肝膿瘍を認めた。受傷後から右季肋部痛が出現し，後方視的に検討すると来院時のCT画像で肝膿瘍破裂の所見を認めたことから，肝膿瘍による敗血症が先行し鈍的腹部外傷を契機に肝膿瘍破裂を来したと判断した。第9病日に経皮的ドレナージ，第14病日に腹腔鏡下洗浄ドレナージを施行した。第23病日にCRP 17.0mg/dLと再上昇を認め，CT検査を再検したところ，胸腰椎移行部に傍椎体膿瘍を認め，侵襲性肝膿瘍症候群による転移性病変と考えた。肝膿瘍破裂は早期ドレナージが重要であり，鈍的肝損傷の診療において，炎症反応高値と非典型的な画像所見を認めた際には肝膿瘍破裂を疑い治療を進める必要がある。
Untargeted metabolomics liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry approach for the geographical origin assessment of Italian dehydrated apples
Authors: Sammarco Giuseppe , Dall'Asta Chiara , Suman Michele
Published: August 2023

Geographical provenience is nowadays a relevant aspect of the authenticity and the quality of many food commodities. Dehydrated apple cubes/slices represent an ingredient commonly used by food companies for bakery products. However, this apple‐based matrix is not so known and studied from an analytical point of view. In the present work, seven compounds were identified as key molecules to distinguish between Italian and non‐Italian samples, through an untargeted ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) approach. This methodology was merged with multivariate statistical analysis, and the principal features were studied and identified considering several identification steps. Samples from 2020 and 2021 harvesting campaigns, with partial and total dehydration rates, with or without peel, and from different apple varieties were considered for the study, for a total of 91 samples. Afterward, the same analysis protocol was applied to an external set (n = 12 samples), included in the statistical models, searching for the key compounds identified in the training set. Interesting and significant results underlined the potentiality of the UHPLC‐HRMS technology as a confirmatory strategy for the geographical origin assessment of dehydrated apple commodities.
Cardiac macrophages undergo dynamic changes after coxsackievirus B3 infection and promote the progression of myocarditis
Authors: Dong Jingwei , Lu Jing , Cen Zhihong , Tang Quan , Li Yong , Qin Lin , Yan Yuluan , Lu Feiyu , Wu Weifeng
Published: August 2023

Although most patients with acute viral myocarditis recover spontaneously, some patients progress to heart failure. Perturbations in innate immunity may partially explain the heterogeneity of clinical outcomes. As the most abundant immune cells in the heart, cardiac macrophages have heterogeneous origins, including embryonic‐derived resident macrophages (ResMϕs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MoMFs). However, the time course change and role of cardiac macrophage subsets has not been fully explored. In the present study, we found that BALB/c mice had prolonged MoMF accumulation and low proportions of ResMϕs that could not be restored to normal levels. MoMFs of BALB/c mice generally exhibit an M1‐dominant functional phenotype. Moreover, the preferential depletion of MoMF by a C‐C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) inhibitor resulted in improved acute myocarditis and chronic fibrosis, as well as the recovery of ResMϕs number and reduced CD4+ T cell expansion. Hence, immunomodulatory therapy that targets the balance among cardiac macrophages and modulates their function is expected to prevent the progression of cardiac injury to overt heart failure and improve adverse outcomes.
Simultaneous determination of multiple constituents, serum composition, and tissue distribution of Qingshen granule using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Dai Rong , Lu Jin‐yuan , Chen Wei‐dong , Hong Bang‐zhen , Zhang Lei , Cheng Meng , Wang Yi‐ping , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2023

Qingshen granule, composed of 14 herbal drugs, is primarily used as the assistant therapy for chronic kidney disease. Qingshen granule chemical composition was complex, but its chemical constituents and the pharmacodynamic material basis remain unreported. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)‐quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry was applied to recognize the chemical constituents of Qingshen granule. The analysis was performed using the ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile‐0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The data were collected using heated electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes. This study successfully applied the UPHLC‐quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry technique with the Compound Discoverer 3.3 platform to analyze Qingshen granule chemical composition. A total of 127 and 42 chemical components were identified in Qingshen granule in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the tissue distribution of Qingshen granule, 9, 10, 11, 10, and 18 prototype components were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, respectively. Qingshen granule chemical constituents were characterized rapidly for the first time in this study, laying a foundation for further research on the substance basis and quality control of Qingshen granule in treating chronic kidney disease.
Exacerbation of inflammatory disseminated superficial porokeratosis following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Ishikawa Tomomu , Asai Jun , katoh Norito
Published: August 2023

The mRNA‐1273 vaccine for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) authorised as one of the first COVID‐19 vaccines was released by Moderna in December 2020. A recent study indicates that messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines appear to be effective in preventing aggravation, hospitalisation and death against COVID‐19 infection. However several adverse effects have been reported. Of these, the dermatological adverse effects are relatively rare entities Herein, we present a case of inflammatory disseminated superficial porokeratosis exacerbated after administration of the fourth dose of the mRNA‐1273 vaccine.
Breast tissue analysis using a clinically compatible combined time‐resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance (TRF‐DR) system
Authors: Dao Erica , Gohla Gabriela , Williams Phillip , Lovrics Peter , Badr Fares , Fang Qiyin , Farrell Thomas , Farquharson Michael
Published: August 2023

Objective

This work aims to develop a clinically compatible system that can perform breast tissue analysis in a more time efficient process than conventional histopathological assessment. The potential for such a system to be used in vivo in the operating room or surgical suite to improve patient outcome is investigated.

Method

In this work, 80 matched pairs of invasive ductal carcinoma and adjacent normal breast tissue were measured in a combined time‐resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance (DA) system. Following measurement, the fluorescence intensity of collagen and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); the fluorescence lifetime of collagen, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and FAD; the DA; absorption coefficient; and reduced scattering coefficient were extracted. Samples then underwent histological processing and H&E staining to classify composition as tumor, fibroglandular, and/or adipose tissue.

Results

Statistically significant differences in the collagen and FAD fluorescence intensity, collagen and FAD fluorescence lifetime, DA, and scattering coefficient were found between each tissue group. The NADH fluorescence lifetime and absorption coefficient were statistically different between the tumor and fibroglandular groups, and the tumor and adipose groups. While many breast tissue analysis studies label fibroglandular and adipose together as “normal” breast tissue, this work indicates that some differences between tumor and fibroglandular tissue are not the same as differences between tumor and adipose tissue. Observations of the reduced scatter coefficient may also indicate further classification to include fibro‐adipose may be necessary. Future work would benefit from the additional tissue classification.

Conclusion

With observable differences in optical parameters between the three tissue types, this system shows promise as a breast analysis tool in a clinical setting. With further work involving samples of mixed composition, this combined system could potentially be used intraoperatively for rapid margin assessment.
Characterization and Selection of Tailorable Heat Triggered Epoxy Shape Memory Polymers for Epoxy Debondable Adhesives
Authors: Istiak Asif , Lee Hak Gu , Hwang Hui Yun
Published: August 2023

The increasing concern for environmental and economic sustainability has resulted in a growing interest in recycling the hybrid structures used in modern industries. To address the challenge of easy separation without damaging the substrates, a debondable‐adhesive incorporating shape memory polymer (SMP) filler is proposed. This study synthesizes seven types of epoxy SMPs at different stoichiometric ratios of the same chemicals. The thermomechanical, mechanical, and recovery characteristics of the SMPs are evaluated, and the most suitable candidate for debondable‐adhesive application is selected based on the selection criteria of SMP for embedding in the debondable adhesive. The results of this study offer valuable insights into the potential SMPs which can be incorporated in debondable adhesives used in modern industries.
Forcing revisited
Authors: Meadows Toby
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to propose and explore a general framework within which a wide variety of model construction techniques from contemporary set theory can be subsumed. Taking our inspiration from presheaf constructions in category theory and Boolean ultrapowers, we will show that generic extensions, ultrapowers, extenders and generic ultrapowers can be construed as examples of a single model construction technique. In particular, we will show that Łoś's theorem can be construed as a specific case of Cohen's truth lemma, and we isolate the weakest conditions a filter must satisfy in order for the truth lemma to work.
Inorganic nanoparticle‐integrated mesenchymal stem cells: A potential biological agent for multifaceted applications
Authors: Zheng Juan‐Juan , Jiang Xin‐Chi , Li Yao‐Sheng , Gao Jian‐Qing
Published: August 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapies are flourishing. MSCs could be used as potential therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine due to their own repair function. Meanwhile, the natural predisposition toward inflammation or injury sites makes them promising carriers for targeted drug delivery. Inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) are greatly favored for their unique properties and potential applications in biomedical fields. Current research has integrated INPs with MSCs to enhance their regenerative or antitumor functions. This model also allows the in vivo fate tracking of MSCs in multiple imaging modalities, as many INPs are also excellent contrast agents. Thus, INP‐integrated MSCs would be a multifunctional biologic agent with great potential. In this review, the current roles performed by the integration of INPs with MSCs, including (i) enhancing their repair and regeneration capacity via the improvement of migration, survival, paracrine, or differentiation properties, (ii) empowering tumor‐killing ability through agent loaded or hyperthermia, and (iii) conferring traceability are summarized. An introduction of INP‐integrated MSCs for simultaneous treatment and tracking is also included. The promising applications of INP‐integrated MSCs in future treatments are emphasized and the challenges to their clinical translation are discussed.
Initial feasibility and challenges of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Stewart Neil J. , Higano Nara S. , Mukthapuram Shanmukha , Willmering Matthew M. , Loew Wolfgang , West Michael , Arnsperger Anita , Pratt Ronald , Rao Madhwesha R. , Schulte Rolf F. , Wild Jim M. , Woods Jason C.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The underlying functional and microstructural lung disease in neonates who are born preterm (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) remains poorly characterized. Moreover, there is a lack of suitable techniques to reliably assess lung function in this population. Here, we report our preliminary experience with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in neonates with BPD.

Methods

Neonatal intensive care patients with established BPD were recruited (N = 9) and imaged at a corrected gestational age of median:40.7 (range:37.1, 44.4) wk using a 1.5T neonatal scanner. 2D 129Xe ventilation and diffusion‐weighted images and dissolved phase spectroscopy were acquired, alongside 1H 3D radial UTE. 129Xe images were acquired during a series of short apneic breath‐holds (˜3 s). 1H UTE images were acquired during tidal breathing. Ventilation defects were manually identified and qualitatively compared to lung structures on UTE. ADCs were calculated on a voxel‐wise basis. The signal ratio of the 129Xe red blood cell (RBC) and tissue membrane (M) resonances from spectroscopy was determined.

Results

Spiral‐based 129Xe ventilation imaging showed good image quality and sufficient sensitivity to detect mild ventilation abnormalities in patients with BPD. 129Xe ADC values were elevated above that expected given healthy data in older children and adults (median:0.046 [range:0.041, 0.064] cm2s−1); the highest value obtained from an extremely pre‐term patient. 129Xe spectroscopy revealed a low RBC/M ratio (0.14 [0.06, 0.21]).

Conclusion

We have demonstrated initial feasibility of 129Xe lung MRI in neonates. With further data, the technique may help guide management of infant lung diseases in the neonatal period and beyond.
NMR metabolomics study of chronic low‐dose exposure to a cocktail of persistent organic pollutants
Authors: Lucas‐Torres Covadonga , Caradeuc Cédric , Prieur Laura , Djemai Haidar , Youssef Layale , Noirez Philippe , Coumoul Xavier , Audouze Karine , Giraud Nicolas , Bertho Gildas
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is one of the most critical threats to public health. EDCs are chemicals that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the body's endocrine system and have been associated with a wide range of health issues. This innovative, untargeted metabolomics study investigates chronic low‐dose internal exposure to a cocktail of POPs on multiple tissues that are known to accumulate these lipophilic compounds. Interestingly, the metabolic response differs among selected tissues/organs in mice. In the liver, we observed a dynamic effect according to the exposure time and the doses of POPs. In the brain tissue, the situation is the opposite, leading to the conclusion that the presence of POPs immediately gives a saturated effect that is independent of the dose and the duration of exposure studied. By contrast, for the adipose tissues, nearly no effect is observed. This metabolic profiling leads to a holistic and dynamic overview of the main metabolic pathways impacted in lipophilic tissues by a cocktail of POPs.
Seeing is believing: A qualitative study examining how high and ultra‐high‐net‐worth donors utilise evidence to inform their giving and the barriers to and facilitators of the use of evidence
Authors: Greenhalgh Caroline , Montgomery Paul
Published: August 2023

Whilst there is growing recognition across the non‐profit literature, that the giving of resources ought to be informed by rigorous evidence, few studies to date have examined how high and ultra‐high‐net‐worth donors use evidence to inform their philanthropy, the type and quality of the evidence they utilise, and how they measure the performance of the charities they support. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether and how philanthropists employ evidence to inform their decision‐making. We employed in‐depth qualitative research methods to elicit the perspectives of philanthropists on how they engaged with evidence and, in so doing, filled a gap in the data. We found barriers to utilising evidence included challenges in accessing evidence, difficulties in assessing the quality and appropriateness of evidence and insufficient resources to capture evidence. Facilitators of evidence use included: making evidence more accessible and enhanced access to professional philanthropy advice and advisors. Despite growing awareness of the importance of evidence, few donors employed sound evidence‐based models of philanthropy.
Shortened fetal long bones: A notable intrauterine phenotypic feature in SHOX‐associated skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Hu Rong , Huang Weiwei , Ren Congmian , Liu Ling , Hou Yaping , Wang Yunan , Lu Jian
Published: August 2023

Objective

To explore the intrauterine phenotypic spectrum of short stature homeobox‐containing (SHOX) gene‐associated skeletal dysplasia and provide genetic counseling at‐risk pregnancies.

Method

We analyzed the fetuses with SHOX‐microdeletions identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array. The intrauterine phenotypes and outcomes were further elaborated.

Results

Nine fetuses carrying a single SHOX‐microdeletion were reported, with deletion sizes ranging from 0.134 to 1.35 Mb. Shortened long bones were observed in all fetuses, varying from −2.0 standard deviation (SD) to −5.3 SD. Moreover, all cases had a femur length/foot ratio less than 0.87 and a femur/abdominal circumference ratio greater than 0.16, suggesting that non‐lethal skeletal dysplasia may be involved. Two fetuses showed intrauterine growth restriction, and two had nasal bone hypoplasia. Prenatal ultrasonography did not reveal other obvious anomalies, including the Madelung deformity. Five microdeletions were inherited and one was de novo. Five terminations and four newborns were recorded. Two newborns had normal stature, and two were short‐statured (height <3rd percentile), with one having inflexible wrists.

Conclusions

SHOX haploinsufficiency may manifest with shortened fetal long bones. The combination of history taking, prenatal ultrasonography, and SNP‐array can prompt early prenatal diagnosis and timely postnatal treatment of SHOX‐associated skeletal dysplasia.
Monosaccharide‐Directed Selective Internalization of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Hepatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Bhagat Stuti , Tyagi Simona , Singh Sanjay
Published: August 2023

The therapeutic success of nanomedicines requires nanomaterials to either adhere to the surface or internalize within the cytoplasm. The endocytosis phenomenon is controlled by the nanomaterial's shape, size, composition, charge, and capping molecules. The membrane potential‐based non‐specific internalization of therapeutic nanomedicines offers limited benefits than receptor‐based specific delivery. Glut receptor‐based internalization of glucose molecules is a well‐known process in cancerous cells, which is one of the most exploited strategies to target cancer cells using nanoparticles. However, the internalization process of other structurally similar monosaccharides (D‐Galactose, Mannose, and D‐Fructose) conjugated nanoparticles remains to be unexplored. Herein, D‐Glucose, D‐Galactose, Mannose, and D‐Fructose‐coated AuNPs and AgNPs have been synthesized and studied the role of Glut receptors in their internalization in liver cancer cells, and compared them with non‐cancerous cells. Results revealed that almost all monosaccharide‐coated NPs exhibited high uptake in liver cancer cells than non‐cancerous cells. Glut‐1 receptor is observed to play a key role in the uptake and inhibition of Glut‐1 receptors by genistein lead to a significant decrease in nanoparticle uptake. In conclusion, monosaccharide‐conjugated nanoparticles can be used to direct the selective internalization of AuNPs and AgNPs in hepatic cancer cells to realize therapeutic and imaging applications.
Avoiding water hammer and other hydraulic transients
Authors: Britton Laurence G. , Willey Ronald J.
Published: August 2023

Water hammer may occur upon rapidly closing a water pipe valve. Oscillating pressure waves generated in the system may cause significant equipment damage, including joint leaks and even pipe rupture. Similar phenomena can occur when starting and stopping pumps. As various situations can cause potentially damaging pressure waves, water hammer and related phenomena are grouped as “hydraulic transients.” The phenomena are not limited to water pipes and may occur in any liquid, including condensed gases such as chlorine, ammonia, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Hydraulic transients deserve more coverage in college courses and textbooks on process safety, while at an industrial level, the topic should be considered in design and hazard reviews. This article provides a brief introduction to the topic with a focus on mitigation methods. Available options should be evaluated during the design process rather than applied retroactively after a problem becomes evident.
Back Cover Image
Authors: Song Yifei , Yang Xianming , Li Hui , Wu Kongming
Published: August 2023

The back cover image is based on the Research Article The invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has displaced Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) as the dominant maize pest in the border area of southwestern China by Yifei Song et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7524.

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Effect of Cu Doping on Phase Transition, Thermal Strain, and Thermal Expansion Property in Polycrystalline Ni50Mn23−xCuxGa27 Alloys
Authors: Wei Shengxian , Hu Fene , Deng Liping , Yue Bao , Cao Yiming , He Xijia , Zhang Yuanlei , Kang Yanru , Xu Kun , Li Zhe
Published: August 2023

The influence of Cu doping on phase transition, thermal strain, and thermal expansion property of polycrystalline Ni50Mn23−xCuxGa27(x = 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7) alloys is investigated. The results show that with increasing Cu concentration, martensitic transformation gradually gets close to Curie transition. A magnetostructural transition (MST) is observed in samples with x = 6 and 7. Such MST can enhance magnitude of transformation strain. Besides, Ni50Mn23−xCuxGa27 alloys possess an isotropic, recoverable, and thermally stable thermal strain. Excitedly, Cu doping can effectively tune the phase transition, thermal strain, and thermal expansion properties of Ni50Mn23−xCuxGa27 alloys. Adjustable coefficients of thermal expansion from positive to negative are obtained by Cu‐doped Ni50Mn23−xCuxGa27 alloys. The average linear expansion coefficient (α) between −140.44 and −207.70 ppm K−1 is observed in samples with x = 6 and 7 for a narrow temperature span of 11–14 K. When the temperature span is about 72 K (x = 6) and 73 K (x = 7), which is the largest temperature span observed in Ni–Mn–Ga‐based alloys recently, the α values decrease to about −36 ppm K−1. These findings are beneficial for manipulating the thermal expansion property of Ni–Mn–Ga–Cu alloys and their multifunctional applications.
Packaging innovation scorecard
Authors: Pålsson Henrik , Hellström Daniel
Published: August 2023

Innovation literature shows that the characteristics of a company's innovation processes determine their performance in different areas. In this study, we adopt a general conceptual model from innovation theory and apply it to packaging innovation. This helps identify and describe subprocesses in packaging innovation and how to measure their performance. It also links the packaging innovation process to the cost and climate performance of packaging. Based on the modified model for packaging innovation, the purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a scorecard for assessing the packaging innovation process.

The first step in the methodology was the conceptual development of a model describing the packaging innovation process and a scorecard for assessing this process. The second step was to demonstrate and validate the scorecard in a case study covering packaging innovation at a major retail company. Data were captured from six semi‐structured interviews and two workshops, as well as observations and site visits.

The conceptual model defines packaging innovation using seven interrelated subprocesses and their impacts on cost and climate performance. The scorecard that was developed in the research study describes how to measure the subprocesses and their output. The quality of each of the seven processes is measured on two to four dimensions. Each dimension can reach a score of one to four, where each score is clearly defined.

The case study showed that the scorecard seems to be an effective way of measuring the complex packaging innovation process and identifying concrete ways to improve packaging innovation. The case study validated the scorecard and demonstrated how it can be applied. The application also showed how the case company performs in packaging innovation compared to best practice in each subprocess. The validation showed that the scorecard is sufficiently functional and useful, although it requires input from multiple sources. The usability could only be partly assessed—it showed promising value as a basis for formulating action plans—but future studies should validate the scorecard's long‐term usefulness in creating action plans and assess their impact.

The theoretically‐based scorecard is novel in terms of assessing packaging innovation and its impact on packaging performance in supply chains. It links the packaging innovation process to performance and helps companies identify improvement possibilities. The paper shows how the scorecard helps address packaging issues strategically by measuring the activities conducted in the packaging innovation process. One limitation of the study is that the long‐term usefulness of the scorecard could not be validated, as the validation would take longer than the time available for this study.
A case of primary lung cancer requiring differentiation from metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Kataoka Yoko , Fujita Takuya , Fukunaga Kentaro , Hanaoka Jun
Published: August 2023

p16 has been used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related tumours. However, it remains unclear whether p16 is also a potential marker for pulmonary tumours. Herein, we report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman with a history of papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, presenting with a left pulmonary tumour. A bronchoscopic biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma with a papillary pattern, which did not rule out pulmonary metastasis from the cervix. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cervical tumour was positive for p16, whereas the pulmonary tumour was negative and was effectively diagnosed as primary pulmonary carcinoma.
Climate adaptation in informal areas in hot arid climates
Authors: Lotfata Aynaz , Cortesão João , Zinsmeister Hestia , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan , van Zeben Josephine , Taylor Zac , Tan Wendy , Elkhateeb Samah
Published: August 2023

This conceptual and exploratory research study investigates, systematically and holistically, climate‐adaptive spatial design interventions for high‐density informal urban areas in hot arid climates, which remain understudied despite their vulnerability to heat stress and the heat‐vulnerable groups populating them. Five streetscape design prototypes are proposed that include climate‐adaptive spatial interventions appraised qualitatively with consideration to relevant feasibility matters: land use planning, equity, affordability, mobility, and sense of place. The study shows that there is potential for climate‐adaptive interventions in informal urban areas in hot arid climates, but that these interventions also present challenges. Common climate‐adaptive design strategies can be used to address heat stress in these areas but, for example, increasing vegetation might be challenging due to water stress. As a conceptual study, the findings presented and the discussion raised on feasibility are targeted at opening avenues for future research, and at informing decision‐makers and spatial designers.
Ciprofloxacin Derivative‐Loaded Nanoparticles Synergize with Paclitaxel Against Type II Human Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Naguib Youssef W. , Alhaj‐Suliman Suhaila O. , Wafa Emad I. , Saha Sanjib , Ebeid Kareem , Mohammed Hamada H. H. , Abdel‐Rahman Somaya A. , Abuo‐Rahma Gamal El‐Din A. , Geary Sean M. , Salem Aliasger K.
Published: August 2023

Combinations of chemotherapeutic agents comprise a clinically feasible approach to combat cancers that possess resistance to treatment. Type II endometrial cancer is typically associated with poor outcomes and the emergence of chemoresistance. To overcome this challenge, a combination therapy is developed comprising a novel ciprofloxacin derivative‐loaded PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles (CIP2b‐NPs) and paclitaxel (PTX) against human type‐II endometrial cancer (Hec50co with loss of function p53). Cytotoxicity studies reveal strong synergy between CIP2b and PTX against Hec50co, and this is associated with a significant reduction in the IC50 of PTX and increased G2/M arrest. Upon formulation of CIP2b into PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles, tumor accumulation of CIP2b is significantly improved compared to its soluble counterpart; thus, enhancing the overall antitumor activity of CIP2b when co‐administered with PTX. In addition, the co‐delivery of CIP2b‐NPs with paclitaxel results in a significant reduction in tumor progression. Histological examination of vital organs and blood chemistry was normal, confirming the absence of any apparent off‐target toxicity. Thus, in a mouse model of human endometrial cancer, the combination of CIP2b‐NPs and PTX exhibits superior therapeutic activity in targeting human type‐II endometrial cancer.
A bibliometric analysis of Agile software development publications originating from Turkey
Authors: Ozkan Necmettin , Gurgen Erdogan Tugba , Bal Sevval , Gök Mehmet Şahin
Published: August 2023

Agile software development has reached wide adoption in various countries including Turkey, even though from which its original cultural backgrounds differ. In Turkey, many organizations have started to adopt Agile approaches more and more in their software development processes. This interest in the country's software development is parallel to what the academic literature on Agile in the country exhibits. However, despite the prevalence of Agile in Turkey, there is a lack of sufficient secondary research and comprehensive review on Agile in Turkey, which poses a significant necessity for further investigation. Considering this gap, we performed a quantitative bibliometric analysis of Agile software development publications produced by Turkish organizations in a holistic and broad approach both for scholars and practitioners. We provide a summary of relevant academic studies that emerged in Agile research in Turkey by focusing on many aspects including bibliometric properties of papers, researchers, affiliations, venues, and thematic contents that are separated into 15 sub‐research questions. After delivering results based on the questions, we discuss the results and findings of our study and present implications regarding the findings. The main contributions of our work are twofold. First, the paper may help the readers to have a quick idea, understand the subject, and gain insight from a large volume of scientific data. Second, the paper can help readers to use these analyses to form future research.
A trinomial difference autoregressive model and its applications
Authors: Chen Huaping , Zhang Jiayue , Zhu Fukang
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the autoregressive modelling problem of ‐valued time series of counts, whose counting sequence consists of −1, 0 and 1. Most existing methods are based on the signed binomial thinning operator and its some extensions, in which the counting sequence consists of 0 and 1, that is, the cases of −1 is ignored. To fill this gap, we first construct the trinomial difference thinning operator and then propose the trinomial difference Z‐valued autoregressive (TDZAR) model and give some stochastic properties. An attractive merit of the TDZAR model is that the incorporated trinomial difference thinning operator makes the conditional maximum likelihood estimate more wieldy and easy. Second, we discuss the two‐step conditional least squares estimate and the conditional maximum likelihood estimate and establish their asymptotic properties of the estimators. Third, the performances of these estimators are compared via simulation study. Finally, we apply the proposed model to a real data set.
CoxKnockoff: Controlled feature selection for the Cox model using knockoffs
Authors: Li Daoji , Yu Jinzhao , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2023

Although there is a huge literature on feature selection for the Cox model, none of the existing approaches can control the false discovery rate (FDR) unless the sample size tends to infinity. In addition, there is no formal power analysis of the knockoffs framework for survival data in the literature. To address those issues, in this paper, we propose a novel controlled feature selection approach using knockoffs for the Cox model. We establish that the proposed method enjoys the FDR control in finite samples regardless of the number of covariates. Moreover, under mild regularity conditions, we also show that the power of our method is asymptotically one as sample size tends to infinity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first formal theoretical result on the power for the knockoffs procedure in the survival setting. Simulation studies confirm that our method has appealing finite‐sample performance with desired FDR control and high power. We further demonstrate the performance of our method through a real data example. The Supporting Information for this article is available online.
Experimental study of moment redistribution before yielding in precast prestressed concrete beams made continuous
Authors: Kytölä Ulla , Tulonen Joonas , Asp Olli , Nakari Tarja , Laaksonen Anssi
Published: August 2023

The bending stiffness distribution of beams composed of simple‐span precast prestressed beams, which are made continuous by deck reinforcement at intermediate supports, is not constant. As the structure undergoes loading, the deck slab at the intermediate support cracks earlier than the prestressed span soffit and due to that the bending stiffness distribution changes along the beam length. The effect of nonconstant bending stiffness distribution on the moment redistribution of the structure before the yielding is studied experimentally and analytically. Two continuous beams with spans of 10 m + 10 m were manufactured, loaded to failure, and studied. It was concluded that the studied structure undergoes considerable moment redistribution before yielding although it would be designed for zero redistribution at the ultimate limit state. If this elastic redistribution is neglected in the structural analysis, the service limit state sagging moment at midspan may end up on the unconservative side. Elastic redistribution can be predicted quite accurately with the help of nonlinear analysis or roughly with simplified idealization as proposed in this article.
Main water pathways in cultivated clayey calcisols in molassic hills in southwestern France: Toward spatialization of soil waterlogging
Authors: Trochon Benjamin , Bustillo Vincent , Caner Laurent , Pasquet Sylvain , Suc Virginie , Granouillac Franck , Probst Anne , Probst Jean‐Luc , Tallec Tiphaine , Guiresse Maritxu
Published: August 2023

Local waterlogging often occurs on the steep slopes of clayey–calcareous soils in southwestern France, causing nutrients and pollutants transfer to the river bodies and reduced ecosystems services. These soils developed in the Miocene molassic hill formation and are generally impermeable with abundant traces of hydromorphy and heterogenous spatial distribution. This article aims to describe the hydrological functioning of these soils, based on a cross analysis of pedological, hydrological, and geophysical characterizations. Our experimental site is the catchment area located in Auradé (southwestern France). Here, we analyze the flows at the outlet of the studied watershed together with piezometric and climatic monitoring from September 2020 to September 2021. We show that the hydrological year is divided into three phases: first, a soil recharge phase with an effective rainfall of about 100 mm; second, a saturation phase, when 80% of the effective precipitation is drained mostly by runoff and hypodermic flows; third, a drying phase. Soil waterlogging events usually occur during the saturation phase. They are due to several forms of flow: surface runoff associated with return flow, hypodermic flow caused by the presence of soil layers with lower hydraulic conductivity in the subsurface (swelling clays and plowing sole) and groundwater flow with intermittent connection of the soil water table in the hillside to the alluvial groundwater table. We also conducted independent seismic refraction tomography analyses that validate localized waterlogging patterns along the catchment and open the way to spatializing areas with high waterlogging potential at the scale of the study plot.
Portable x‐ray fluorescence as a tool for assessing electric marks in forensic evaluation
Authors: Tambuzzi Stefano , Bonizzoni Letizia , Di Paola Francesco , Mazzarelli Debora , Caccia Giulia , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: August 2023

Portable x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is a reliable, rapid and noninvasive technique. Recently, it has been used in a wide variety of fields where the sample must still be available after examination or when qualitative information on chemical composition is needed quickly to perform more detailed studies. These properties also make it suitable for forensic investigations, as shown by some recent reports. In the present work, a systematic evaluation of metal micro traces in electric marks was performed in a case of death by electrocution (high‐voltage current). The results are promising, as XRF has been shown to be a suitable tool not only for skin fragments but also for graphite adhesive tapes placed on the body skin areas of forensic interest and then analyzed. The latter finding proves that skin samples at autopsy are not the only valuable sampling method, thus paving the way for the application of XRF in the diagnosis of electrical injuries in living individuals as well.
Ausblick
Authors: Heine Moreen , Dhungel Anna-Katharina , Schrills Tim , Wessel Daniel
Published: August 2023

Mit Blick auf die Nutzung KI-basierter Lösungen befinden wir uns derzeit in einer frühen Phase mit wenigen Pilotanwendungen. Eine besondere Herausforderung liegt in der Identifikation geeigneter Anwendungsfelder. Diese Technologieorientierung ist in der Erprobungsphase nachvollziehbar, geht jedoch häufig an den Problemen und Anforderungen der Verwaltungspraxis vorbei. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass alternative Lösungsansätze vernachlässigt werden.
Erratum to: Nearly critical holographic superfluids
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Kailidis Polydoros
Published: August 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2022)028
Mixed graviton and scalar bispectra in the EFT of inflation: Soft limits and Boostless Bootstrap
Authors: Ghosh Diptimoy , Panchal Kushan , Ullah Farman
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Boostless Bootstrap techniques have been applied by many in the literature to compute pure scalar and graviton correlators. In this paper, we focus primarily on mixed graviton and scalar correlators. We start by developing an EFT of Inflation (EFToI) with some general assumptions, clarifying various subtleties related to power counting. We verify explicitly the soft limits for mixed correlators, showing how they are satisfied for higher derivative operators beyond the Maldacena action. We clarify some confusion in the literature related to the soft limits for operators that modify the power spectra of gravitons or scalars. We then proceed to apply the boostless bootstrap rules to operators that do not modify the power spectra. Towards the end, we give a prescription that gives correlators for states that are Bogolyubov transforms of the Bunch-Davies vacuum, directly once we have the correlator for the Bunch-Davies vacuum. This enables us to bypass complicated in-in calculations for Bogolyubov states.
α′ corrections to KPV: an uplifting story
Authors: Schreyer Simon , Venken Gerben
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In earlier work, the effect of α′2 curvature corrections on the NS5-brane responsible for the decay of anti-D3-branes in the set-up of Kachru, Pearson, and Verlinde (KPV) was considered. We extend this analysis to include all known α′2 corrections to the action of an abelian fivebrane which involve not just curvature but also gauge fields and flux. We compute the value of these terms at the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler throat to obtain the α′2 corrected potential for the NS5-brane of KPV. The resulting potential provides a novel uplifting mechanism where one can obtain metastable vacua with an arbitrarily small positive uplifting potential by fine-tuning α′ corrections against the tree-level potential. This mechanism works for small warped throats, both in terms of size and contribution to the D3-tadpole, thereby sidestepping the issues associated with a standard deep warped throat uplift which are deadly in KKLT and, as we explicitly check, severely constraining in the Large Volume Scenario.
New computational tools for chemical kinetics: the Cathedral Package
Authors: Ferro-Costas David , Fernández-Ramos Antonio
Published: August 2023

The advent of recent technological developments in software engineering has enabled the exploration of reaction mechanisms inside intricate reaction networks, thereby propelling the beginning of a new era in ab initio kinetics. While it is feasible to consider a substantial number of reactions, determining their rate constants with precision remains an arduous task, even for gas-phase processes. The difficulties are attributed not only to the inherent limitations in the calculation methodology but also to the manual labor and extensive chemical dynamics required, rendering these calculations inaccessible to the general public. As such, there is a pressing need for the development of automated codes and user-friendly interfaces to address this limitation. The present work focuses on the introduction of the Cathedral package, a unified computational code comprising the , , and programs. This package serves to bridge the gap between theoretical studies in chemical kinetics and non-specialist users, making it more accessible and user-friendly.
Pump-probe reflectivity studies of ultrashort laser-induced acousto-mechanical strains in ZnO films
Authors: Kosma Kyriaki , Kaleris Konstantinos , Kaselouris Evaggelos , Kaniolakis-Kaloudis Emmanouil , Petrakis Stylianos , Orphanos Yannis , Gagaoudakis Emmanouil , Binas Vassilis , Bakarezos Efthimios , Tatarakis Michael , Dimitriou Vasilis , Papadogiannis Nektarios A.
Published: August 2023

In the current work we report on the generation of acoustic strains in thin ZnO layers using optoacoustic transduction of ultrashort laser pulses into acoustic waves on an Au thin film transducer. After absorption of energy by the electron system of the metal, energy conversion, thermal expansion and mechanical deformation takes place. The generation and propagation of the induced acoustic strains are monitored in time via a degenerate pump-probe transient reflectivity optical setup at 800 nm, as opposed to most commonly used schemes that employ different wavelengths for the pump and probe beams, mostly in the vicinity of ZnO maximum absorption. The experimental results include energy relaxation times and phonon scattering frequencies and are supported by a thermal vibro-acoustic finite element model. The model is based on the combination of a revised two-temperature approach and elasticity theory, and considers anisotropic properties for the ZnO film and the computation of the elastic wave velocity for the first time. The outcomes are discussed in the context of electron–phonon coupling factors and other material properties. A good agreement between the experimental findings and the results from the numerical simulations has been established, regarding outcomes like the mean velocity of the strain waves, establishing a novel characterization method applicable to a variety of materials and structures.
The impact of 2 weeks wait referral on survival of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Rovira Aleix , Russell Beth , Trivedi Priyanka , Ojo Onaiho , Oakley Richard , Byrne Edie , Daryanani Avisha , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Simo Ricard
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the association between 2 weeks wait referral and survival in the head and neck cancer.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of consecutively discussed new head and neck cancer patients at large United Kingdom Cancer Alliance including two tertiary referral hospitals and two district general hospital.

Results

A total of 276 cancer patients were included for analysis. Patients referred under the 2 weeks wait had were seen and diagnosed sooner from referral (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 respectively). However, this did not translate into better survival outcomes. No survival differences were seen between those patients that were managed within the proposed cancer targets and those that were not.

Conclusions

The 2 weeks wait head and neck cancer pathway did not offer a survival advantage. Targeting the delay in referral as well as delay in treatment to prevent late-stage cancer presentation is paramount. Fulfilment of cancer time targets do not translate into better outcomes and should not be prioritised to clinical judgement.
Resilience as a predictor of habituation
Authors: Rösner Christoph , Tüscher Oliver , Petrowski Katja
Published: August 2023

Habituation refers to the physiological adaptation to recurrent stressors, which can be measured by cortisol levels, and is considered a central mechanism in reducing allostatic load. Resilience, a potential factor influencing stress reduction, is the focus of this study. Specifically, the study aims to investigate the impact of resilience, as assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), on habituation. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used as the recurrent stressor, and it was administered to each of the 56 subjects at 4 consecutive measurements. To assess habituation, various physiological parameters including the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and with respect to the increase (AUCi), cortisol peak, slope from baseline to peak, and recovery were calculated. Mixed linear models were employed to examine the differences in the influence of resilience on habituation across the different time points. The findings indicate that the influence of resilience significantly varies from the first to the fourth measurement time point for AUCg (p = .048), while no significant differences were observed for the other cortisol parameters. The effects plot suggests that individuals with higher levels of resilience exhibit lower AUCg values throughout the measurements. These findings provide initial evidence supporting resilience as a predictor of cortisol habituation. However, future studies should also consider dynamic resilience models, utilizing longitudinally assessed resilience as a predictor for habituation, to explore whether resilience acts as a determinant of habituation or if habituation itself constitutes a resilience mechanism.