bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active herpes zoster infection involving lumbosacral dermatome, an unusual site of manifestation and incidental finding in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan
Authors: Singh Deepa , Kumar Rajender , Prakash Gaurav , Bhattacharya Anish , Mittal Bhagwant
Published: January 2018

Herpes zoster virus reactivation in the lumbosacral dermatomal distribution is an unusual site of manifestation and atypical in presentation than its usual sites in thoracolumbar (D3–L2) and facial (V1) dermatomes. Here, we are reporting a patient of marginal zone lymphoma who on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan performed for chemotherapy response evaluation showed hypermetabolic cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions in the right vulva and posteromedial aspect of the right thigh along with ipsilateral pelvic lymph nodes involvement as an incidental finding. Subsequently, FDG active lesions were considered to be as herpes zoster virus reactivation rather than the recurrence of lymphoma and treated with antiviral drug.
Detection of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: Comparison between radionuclide venography and venous ultrasonography
Authors: Theerakulpisut Daris , Wongsurawat Nantaporn , Somboonporn Charoonsak
Published: January 2018

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious medical condition that needs prompt diagnosis and treatment. The invasive gold standard contrast venography has largely been replaced by venous ultrasonography which is currently the imaging modality of choice for DVT diagnosis. Radionuclide venography (RNV) is an alternative test for DVT, but a few studies have directly compared RNV with venous ultrasonography. This study aims to determine the agreement between RNV and venous ultrasonography for diagnosis of DVT and to determine the predictive value of different RNV findings for the prediction of DVT as detected by venous ultrasonography. Imaging results from patients who underwent both RNV and venous ultrasonography for suspected DVT no more than 1 week apart were reviewed. Results from both modalities were compared to determine inter-modality agreement. A total of 121 venous segments from 102 lower limbs of 75 patients could be compared. The prevalence of DVT as detected by venous ultrasonography was 39%. RNV and venous ultrasonography had moderate agreement (73.6% agreement, κ =0.48, P < 0.0001). The absence of radiotracer activity from a deep venous segment had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for DVT. Other findings such as isolated great saphenous vein activity had a lower PPV. The negative predictive value of RNV is 97.5% with only one patient out of forty with normal RNV found to have DVT by venous ultrasonography, which suggests that DVT can virtually be excluded in patients with normal RNV.
Twenty years monitoring growth dynamics of a logged tropical forest in Western Amazon
Authors: D'Oliveira Marcus Vinicio Neves , Oliveira Luis Claudio , Acuña Mario Humberto Aravena , Braz Evaldo Muñoz
Published: January 2018

We performed a forest growth dynamics study in Acre State, Brazilian southwestern Amazon, where a 20 ha area was logged in 1992. The study was based permanent sample plots (1 ha) established in the logged area and in an unlogged forest immediately after logging operations finished. Forest dynamics parameters were assessed in terms of aboveground dried biomass (AGB). During the study period, three extreme climate events triggered a high impact on both logged and unlogged areas, producing AGB losses greater than those estimated for logging. Twenty years after logging, ingrowth and mortality rates were similar to those expected in an undisturbed forest, and AGB recovery was significantly faster in the logged areas. Forest management, when properly applied, can promote faster forest AGB recovery. We suggest that forest management could be considered as an alternative to adapt to extreme climate events, by promoting controlled disturbances, which should minimize tree mortality and biomass loss.
Diversidade florística do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo em quintais agroflorestais do reassentamento Mariana, TO
Authors: Santos Ícaro Gonçalves , Nunes Enderson Alves , Souza Priscila Bezerra de , Previero Conceição Aparecida
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a florística, diversidade e equabilidade do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de quatro quintais agroflorestais (QAs), no Reassentamento Mariana, localizado entre os municípios de Palmas e Porto Nacional no estado do Tocantins. Foram instaladas três parcelas de 20 x 30 m em cada QA, perfazendo um total de 0,72 ha de área amostral. Foram inventariados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) ≥ 10 cm. Nos quatro QAs foram verificados 477 indivíduos e 81 espécies pertencentes a 34 famílias e 73 gêneros. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi 3,68 e o índice de equabilidade de Pielou (J’), 0,83 para a área total amostrada. Individualmente, os quintais agroflorestais apresentaram H’ = 2,52; 3,27; 2,66 e 2,94, e J’ = 0,78; 0,90; 0,77 e 0,85 para QA1, QA2, QA3 e QA4, respectivamente. Pode-se inferir que os quintais estudados apresentam alta riqueza e diversidade, evidenciando grande heterogeneidade ambiental e baixa dominância ecológica.
Aircraft measurements of black carbon in the boundary layer over the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Delong , Huang Mengyu , Liu Dantong , Ding Deping , Tian Ping , Liu Quan , Zhou Wei , Sheng Jiujiang , Wang Fei , Bi Kai , Yang Yan , Li Xia , Hu Yaqiong , Guo Xin , Gao Yang , He Hui , Chen Yunbo , Kong Shaofei , Huang Jiayi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Black carbon aerosol (BC) is the principle absorber to modify the shortwave radiative balance between the lower atmosphere and the surface in polluted environment, which was in-situ characterized by aircraft measurements using a single particle soot photometer (DMT inc., SP2) throughout the boundary layer up to 3 km over the North China Plain around Beijing megacity. The flights were conducted in both hot season (late spring, Apr.–Jun. 2012, surface temperature > 20 °C, 10 flights) and cold season (winter, Dec. 2016, surface temperature  Fcoating,EZ), however showed seasonally different behaviors in terms of core size (MMDPBL > MMDEZ in late spring, but the opposite in winter). These results provide the basis to evaluate the BC direct radiative forcing in the polluted planetary boundary layer over this region and also the indirect forcing of BC by interacting with low-level clouds.
Shallow water table effects on water, sediment, and pesticide transport in vegetative filter strips – Part 2: model coupling, application, factor importance, and uncertainty
Authors: Lauvernet Claire , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Vegetative filter strips are often used for protecting surface waters from pollution transferred by surface runoff in agricultural watersheds. In Europe, they are often prescribed along the stream banks, where a seasonal shallow water table (WT) could decrease the buffer zone efficiency. In spite of this potentially important effect, there are no systematic experimental or theoretical studies on the effect of this soil boundary condition on the VFS efficiency. In the companion paper (Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2018), we developed a physically based numerical algorithm (SWINGO) that allows the representation of soil infiltration with a shallow water table. Here we present the dynamic coupling of SWINGO with VFSMOD, an overland flow and transport mathematical model to study the WT influence on VFS efficiency in terms of reductions of overland flow, sediment, and pesticide transport. This new version of VFSMOD was applied to two contrasted benchmark field studies in France (sandy-loam soil in a Mediterranean semicontinental climate, and silty clay in a temperate oceanic climate), where limited testing of the model with field data on one of the sites showed promising results. The application showed that for the conditions of the studies, VFS efficiency decreases markedly when the water table is 0 to 1.5 m from the surface. In order to evaluate the relative importance of WT among other input factors controlling VFS efficiency, global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSA) was applied on the benchmark studies. The most important factors found for VFS overland flow reduction were saturated hydraulic conductivity and WT depth, added to sediment characteristics and VFS dimensions for sediment and pesticide reductions. The relative importance of WT varied as a function of soil type (most important at the silty-clay soil) and hydraulic loading (rainfall + incoming runoff) at each site. The presence of WT introduced more complex responses dominated by strong interactions in the modeled system response, reducing the typical predominance of saturated hydraulic conductivity on infiltration under deep water table conditions. This study demonstrates that when present, the WT should be considered as a key hydrologic factor in buffer design and evaluation as a water quality mitigation practice.
Economic damage and spill-overs from a tropical cyclone
Authors: Lenzen Manfred , Malik Arunima , Kenway Steven , Daniels Peter , Lam Ka Leung , Geschke Arne
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Tropical cyclones cause widespread damage in specific regions as a result of high winds, and flooding. Direct impacts on commercial property and infrastructure can lead to production shortfalls. Further losses can occur if business continuity is lost through disrupted supply of intermediate inputs from, or distribution to, other businesses. Given that producers in modern economies are strongly interconnected, initially localised production shortfalls can ripple through entire supply-chain networks and severely affect the regional and wider national economy. In this paper, we use a comprehensive, highly disaggregated, and recent multi-region input-output framework to analyse the impacts of Tropical Cyclone Debbie. In particular, we show how industries and regions that were not directly affected by storm and flood damage suffered significant job and income losses. Our results indicate that the disaster resulted in the direct loss of about 7,000 full-time equivalent jobs and 2 billion AUD of value added, and an additional indirect loss of 5,000 jobs and 1 billion AUD of value added. We are able to conduct this assessment so rapidly due to the timely data provision and collaborative environment facilitated by the Australian Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab).
Grounding line migration through the calving season of Jakobshavn
Isbræ, Greenland, observed with terrestrial radar interferometry
Authors: Xie Surui , Dixon Timothy H. , Voytenko Denis , Deng Fanghui , Holland David M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Ice velocity variations near the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland were observed with a terrestrial radar interferometer (TRI) during three summer campaigns in 2012, 2015, and 2016. Ice velocity variations appear to be largely modulated by ocean tides. We estimate a ∼ 1 km wide floating zone near the calving front in early summer of 2015 and 2016, where ice moves in phase with ocean tides. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) generated by the TRI show that the glacier front here is thin (ice surface is  140 m above local sea level within a very short distance (
El cine y los imaginarios culturales de la ciudad violentada en Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Sánchez Ramos Nelida Jeanette
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo examina tres obras de Roberto Bolaño que sitúa mediante la narratología y la antropología cultural a las efigies bolañianas, quienes exponen nuevos usos para el espacio urbano esquivando un imaginario simbólico controlado por las funciones espaciales de una sobremodernidad encubierta. De esa manera, el análisis abarca su negatividad axiológica, su anomalía ética y la inconstancia de sus definiciones constitutivas como personajes, que son representaciones del mal en el pensamiento moderno en América. Se trata de una trayectoria del vacío existencial, impresiones que se irán repitiendo intermitentemente como estructuras antropológicas a partir del régimen de la imagen.
Imaginarios de la violencia en el cine mexicano contemporáneo. El caso de Miss Bala, de Gerardo Naranjo.
Authors: Murillo Mayté
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar en torno a la construcción de los imaginarios de la violencia desde el cine mexicano contemporáneo, sobre cómo se vinculan los imaginarios sociales con los imaginarios fílmicos. El pensamiento de Edgar Morin en torno a los imaginarios es crucial para dicha reflexión, partiendo también de algunas ideas de Merleau-Ponty sobre la fenomenología de la percepción. Para aterrizar el objetivo, se propone un ejercicio de análisis sobre Miss Bala (Gerardo Naranjo, 2011), cinta representativa que aborda el tema de la violencia que se acentuó a partir de la simbólica “declaración de guerra” al narcotráfico por parte del gobierno presidido por Felipe Calderón. Sus formas estéticas y narrativas permiten vislumbrar otro tipo de manifestaciones de violencia, que van más allá de la espectacularidad visual de la misma, para dejar entrever otras más intrínsecas y simbólicas, con base en la propuesta de Zizek. La presente reflexión puede proporcionar una perspectiva más panorámica sobre el papel que juegan el cine y sus imaginarios fílmicos en la constitución de los imaginarios sociales, sobre cómo se vive, se percibe, se condena y se asimila una realidad marcada por la narco violencia entre los mexicanos.
From Political Unity to State Fragmentation: Crime, Law and Sovereignty in Carlos Fuentes and Juan Rulfo
Authors: Fajardo Sotelo Guillermo J.
Published: January 2018

The author analyzes the late work of Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes to think about the Mexican political system and its transformations. Also, the author uses the figure of Pedro Paramo as an example of total sovereignty in comparison with the state fragmentation and the multi-sovereign forms that Carlos Fuentes uses in his novels as tools to demonstrate how the transformations have operated in Mexico: from a strong state to a fragmented government surrounded by other forms of control such as globalization, crime, and necroempowerment.
Oregon's transportation and land use model integration program: A retrospective
Authors: Donnelly Rick
Published: January 2018

An ambitious and innovative integrated land use-transport modeling system has been developed in Oregon over the past two decades. This work, completed under the Transportation and Land Use Model Integration Program (TLUMIP), included the development of two generations of models and the data required to build and use them and spawned the development of two others that have continued independently. An outreach program and collaborative development of freight data and forecasts were also included, as well as system testing and applications. A brief description of the motivation behind TLUMIP and the resulting modeling systems are presented. Perhaps more interesting is the story behind the models, describing several major model design, institutional, and methodology issues that were overcome. Using an integrated model in practice also entailed addressing a wider range of analytical requirements and stakeholder expectations about usability, accuracy, and extensibility than typically considered in academic pursuits. The key lessons learned through development and use of the models are discussed, with the hope that they will inform the development of similar large-scale modeling systems.
A multi-dimensional multi-level approach to measuring the spatial structure of U.S. metropolitan areas
Authors: Nasri Arefeh , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2018

For many years, attempts to measure the urban structure and physical form of metropolitan areas have been focused on a limited set of attributes, mostly density and density gradients. However, the complex nature of the urban form requires the consideration of many other dimensions to provide a comprehensive measure that includes all aspects of the urban structure and growth pattern at different hierarchical levels. In this paper, a multi-dimensional method of measuring urban form and development patterns in urban areas of the United States is presented. The methodology presented here develops several variables and indices that contribute to the characterization and quantification of the overall physical form of urban areas at various hierarchical levels.

Cluster analysis is performed to group metropolitan areas based on their urban form and land-use pattern. This allows for a better utilization of land-use transportation planning and policy analyses used by planners and researchers. This clustering of urban areas could eventually help policymakers and decision makers in the decision-making process to evaluate land-use transportation policies, identify similar patterns, and understand how similar policies implemented in urban areas with similar urban form structure would result in more efficient and successful planning in the future.
Enabling the Participation in Public Organization Cost Reduction Policy Implementation through Civil Servants’ Affective Commitment
Authors: Hisyam Selamat Mohamad , Saad Rafeah Mat , Murat Rusdi @ Indra Zuhdi , Soon Foo Kok
Published: January 2018

The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants’ affective commitment to support public organization cost reduction policy implementation. The proposed values are faith, sincerity, trusting belief, trusting intention and emotional trust. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that faith, sincerity and emotional trust influenced the development of civil servants’ affective commitment to support the implementation of public organization cost reduction policy significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to reduce operational costs in the public organizations.
Advanced Placement Environmental Science and the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science (CCERS) Project in the New York City High School
Authors: Birney Lauren , McNamara Denise
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the issue of social justice through the lens of equitable access to Advanced Placement courses inthe City of New York High Schools, with focus on Advanced Placement Environmental Science. A criticalcomponent of the Advanced Placement Environmental Science course is the incorporation of environmentalfieldwork. The National Research Council (2014) suggest that field stations are important for STEM education andprovide opportunities to engage students in the natural environment and get them excited about science. Through theCurriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science, an NSF funded opportunity, students in theAdvanced Placement Environmental Science course are integrating their field station work in Oyster Restoration inthe New York City Harbor. These interactions with the environment offer unique experiences which engagemarginalized students in both rigorous coursework and affords equity in science learning. In turn, it affords allstudents the opportunity for upward mobility and increased career opportunities in the area of STEM.
Bioactive Peptides by in vitro Digestion of Germinated Bean Cotyledons Extrudates
Authors: Lopez-Barrios Lidia , Heredia-Olea Erick , Guajardo-Flores Daniel , Perez-Carrillo Esther , Uribe Janet A Gutiérrez
Published: January 2018

Germinated black bean cotyledons were extruded at two different screw speeds (350 or 400 rpm). Extrudates were digested with pepsin and pancreatin to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydrolysates collected at 0, 60, 90, 120 and, 180 min. Soluble protein recovered before the enzymatic digestion of extrudates obtained at 350 rpm (E1), or 400 rpm (E2) showed the highest antioxidant (AOX) capacity, with 2,790 or 2,335 µmol eq Trolox/g, respectively and the best nitrogen oxide inhibitory. Even though extrudates presented different peptides profiles, the enzymatic digestion of the storage proteins released similar peptides. RLL and YAL were among the identified peptides obtained after 180 min of enzymatic digestion. Extrusion can be a useful process to produce novel functional ingredients from legume proteins for the food industry.
Challenges of NYSC Community Development Service: Empirical Evidences from Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Lamidi Kazeem Oyedele , Benson Kunle Sehinde , Adisa Ademola Lateef
Published: January 2018

Community development service is one of the cardinal programmes of NYSC sheme. However, it appears to be one of the challenging aspects of NYSC Scheme. This study therefore analysed challenges confronting NYSC scheme in the delivery of community development service in Southwestern Nigeria. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. This study concluded that poor financing (65.4%), Lack of good ideas (67.8%), inadequate sensitization on NYSC community development service operations/functions (68.5%), lack of operational facilities (76.7%), lack of motivation/incentive by the CDS coordinators (65.4%) as well as leadership problem (80.9%) were the identified challenges confronting NYSC scheme in the delivery of community development service within the study area.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Maher Kevin
Published: January 2018

Congress focuses on higher educationLast month, House Education and Workforce Committee Chair Virginia Foxx (R-North Carolina) released her long-awaited Higher Education Act (HEA) reauthorization legislation. This sweeping reform of higher education raises some concerns for ACRL members.
Subjective sleep quality, unstimulated sexual arousal, and sexual frequency
Authors: Costa Rui , Costa David , Pestana José
Published: January 2018

Introduction REM sleep deprivation increases unstimulated erections in rats, and total sleep deprivation increases erections during audiovisual sexual stimulation in men, but the effects of sleep problems on human unstimulated sexual arousal are unknown.

Objective We examined the associations of subjective sleep quality with unstimulated sexual arousal, satisfaction with sex life, and sexual frequency and desire over the past month.

Methods 275 Portuguese (169 women) reported their anxiety, sexual arousal and sexual desire during a resting state, and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the sexual satisfaction subscale of the LiSat scale, the Desire dimensions of the Female Sexual Function Index (women only) and International Index of Erectile Function (men only). They additionally reported how many days in the past month they engaged in penile-vaginal intercourse, noncoital sex, and masturbation. Salivary testosterone (T) was assayed by luminescence immunoassays.

Results Poorer sleep quality correlated with greater unstimulated sexual arousal in men with higher T levels and in women with higher T levels not taking oral contraceptives. In women with lower T, poorer subjective sleep quality correlated with greater sexual dissatisfaction. In both sexes, sleep quality was uncorrelated with sexual desire and sexual frequency over the past month.

Discussion Consistently with other studies in humans and animals, the findings are congruent with the notion that lack of sleep can increase sexual arousal, but not sexual frequency. T might play a role in the sexual arousal caused by lack of appropriate sleep.
Women’s Sleep Disorders: Integrative Care
Authors: Frange Cristina , Banzoli Carolina Vicente , Colombo Ana Elisa , Siegler Marcele , Coelho Glaury , Bezerra Andréia Gomes , Csermak Marcelo , Naufel Maria Fernanda , Cesar-Netto Cristiana , Andersen Monica Levy , Girão Manoel João Batista Castelo , Tufik Sergio , Hachul Helena
Published: January 2018

The integrative care model is rooted in a biopsychosocial approach. Integrative is a term which refers to increasing the harmony and coherence of your whole being, and integrative care is therefore focused on the person, not on either the disease or a therapy. It is provided collaboratively by a health team comprising physicians, psychologists, physiotherapists, acupuncturists, and meditation, nutrition, and floral therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that interventions based on the integrative care model improved womens lifestyle and quality of life. Our aim was to describe the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) alongside traditional medicine among women with sleep conditions in our Womens Sleep Disorders Integrative Treatment Outpatient Clinic. We are sharing our experiences and clinical practice as the model we developed seems to have both physical and psychological benefits for women with sleep problems. We discuss the wide range of benefits that result from this type of complex intervention, and the contextual factors that may influence these benefits. This will inform future practitioners and we hope to contribute to quantitative research in the clinical setting. The study highlights the importance of treating sleep complaints with a caring relationship and a CAM approach, alongside conventional medicine. Exploration of the lived experience of CAM and its meaning enables healthcare professionals to gain insights into the patients needs, preferences, and values. Gynecologists, clinicians, and health care providers should support and guide patients in their decision to use CAM by providing evidence-based and comprehensive advice on the potential benefits, risks and related safety issues of this approach.
Selected Topics on Business Informatics: Editorial Introduction to Issue 13 of CSIMQ
Authors: Zdravkovic Jelena , Pastor Óscar , Loucopoulos Peri
Published: January 2018

Business Informatics is the scientific discipline targeting information processes and related phenomena in their socio-economical business context, including companies, organisations, administrations and society in general. As a field of study, it endeavours to take a systematic and analytic approach in adopting a multi-disciplinary orientation that draws theories and practices from the fields of management science, organisational science, computer science, systems engineering, information systems, information management, social science, and economics information science.The objective of this thematic issue is to bring attention to actual research on Business Informatics, as being publicized on the 19th IEEE Conference on Business Informatics (CBI 2017), July 24-27, 2017, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The conference created a productive forum for researchers and practitioners from the fields that contribute to the construction, use and maintenance of information systems and the organisational context in which they are embedded. This issue of CSIMQ comprises extended version of four CBI papers and one external article.
ТЕРОРИЗАМ У ЕВРОПИ И У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ терористички акти - облици, могући циљеви и историјат настанка -
Authors: Шкрбић Желимир
Published: January 2018

У раду се износе нови начини дефинисањатероризма у односу на постојеће дефиниције тероризма.Појашњава се начин дјеловања терориста у савременимдржавама, њихово „прилагођавање“ новом окружењу те могућициљеви терориста. Такође се наводе субјекти (конвенционалнии неконвенционални) система безбједности у борби противтероризма, зашто се јављају и који су пропусти у раду овихсубјеката, као и на који начин се ти пропусти могу умањити илиелиминисати. Нагласак је на новим облицима (индивидуалним)терористичких напада и начину организовања одређенихколективитета са предзнаком радикализма.
КАЗНА МАЛОЉЕТНИЧКОГ ЗАТВОРА
Authors: Марић Тамара
Published: January 2018

Казненоправни положај малољетних учинилацакривичних дјела и прекршаја у савременим казненимзаконодавствима је другачији од статуса пунољетнихучинилаца казнених деликата. С тим у вези, законом супрописана посебна правила кривичног поступка премамалољетницима, али и посебне малољетничке санкцијекоје се, по својој суштини и сврси, разликују од кривичнихсанкција које се изричу пунољетним учиниоцима кривичнхдјела. Малољетничке кривичне санкције имају за циљ заштитудруштва од малољетничког криминалитета кроз васпитањеи преваспитање, односно ресоцајализацију и правилан развојмалољетника.У оквиру опште сврхе свих кривичних санкција (а то јесузбијање противправних дјелатности којима се повређујуили угрожавају вриједности заштићене кривичнимзаконодавством), посебно је одређено да је сврха кривичнихсанкција према малољетницима да се пружањем заштите, бриге,помоћи и надзора, као и обезбјеђивањем општег и стручногоспособљавања утиче на развој и јачање личне одговорностималољетника, да се обезбиједи васпитање мaлољетника и дасе обезбиједи правилан развој личности малољетника, какоби се обезбиједило његово поновно укључивање у друштвенузаједницу.Малољетницима се за учињена кривична дјела, подусловима који су предвиђени Кривичним законом РепубликеСрпске, могу изрећи васпитне мјере, мјере безбједности ималољетнички затвор као посебна врста казне према старијиммалољетницима.
REVIEW OF JUBILEE 20 YEARS OF DEFENDOLOGY
Authors: Vejnović Dusko
Published: January 2018

Modern scientific and technological development of mankind hasenabled the development of mankind and the growing spread of knowledgeabout: security studies, protection, security and defense. Although they, as acomprehensive problem, are observed in all scientific disciplines, missing is aunique systematic approach to the study of the basic occurrences in this field.It is this and such an insufficiency in the current science that the Theory ofDefendology removes. Commitment to scientific methodological approach tospreading knowledge about: security studies, protection, security and defense,is the course of action that we institutionally, by science and education, havebeen improving for over 20 years.
Intrinsic adaptive value and early fate of gene duplication revealed by a bottom-up approach
Authors: Rodrigo Guillermo , Fares Mario A
Published: January 2018

The population genetic mechanisms governing the preservation of gene duplicates, especially in the critical very initial phase, have remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that gene duplication confers per se a weak selective advantage in scenarios of fitness trade-offs. Through a precise quantitative description of a model system, we show that a second gene copy serves to reduce gene expression inaccuracies derived from pervasive molecular noise and suboptimal gene regulation. We then reveal that such an accuracy in the phenotype yields a selective advantage in the order of 0.1% on average, which would allow the positive selection of gene duplication in populations with moderate/large sizes. This advantage is greater at higher noise levels and intermediate concentrations of the environmental molecule, when fitness trade-offs become more evident. Moreover, we discuss how the genome rearrangement rates greatly condition the eventual fixation of duplicates. Overall, our theoretical results highlight an original adaptive value for cells carrying new-born duplicates, broadly analyze the selective conditions that determine their early fates in different organisms, and reconcile population genetics with evolution by gene duplication.
RNA-dependent RNA targeting by CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Strutt Steven C , Torrez Rachel M , Kaya Emine , Negrete Oscar A , Doudna Jennifer A
Published: January 2018

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding and cleavage by Cas9 is a hallmark of type II CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity. All known Cas9 enzymes are thought to recognize DNA exclusively as a natural substrate, providing protection against DNA phage and plasmids. Here, we show that Cas9 enzymes from both subtypes II-A and II-C can recognize and cleave single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) by an RNA-guided mechanism that is independent of a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target RNA. RNA-guided RNA cleavage is programmable and site-specific, and we find that this activity can be exploited to reduce infection by single-stranded RNA phage in vivo. We also demonstrate that Cas9 can direct PAM-independent repression of gene expression in bacteria. These results indicate that a subset of Cas9 enzymes have the ability to act on both DNA and RNA target sequences, and suggest the potential for use in programmable RNA targeting applications.
On revealing the gene targets of Ebola virus microRNAs involved in the human skin microbiome
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chun , Chiou Bin-Hao , Huang Chun-Ming
Published: January 2018

Ebola virus, a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever and has a high mortality rate. Histopathological and immunopathological analyses of Ebola virus have revealed that histopathological changes in skin tissue are associated with various degrees of endothelial cell swelling and necrosis. The interactions of microbes within or on a host are a crucial for the skin immune shield. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Ebola virus implies that immune escape, endothelial cell rupture, and tissue dissolution during Ebola virus infection are a result of the effects of Ebola virus miRNAs. Keratinocytes obtained from normal skin can attach and spread through expression of the thrombospondin family of proteins, playing a role in initiation of cell-mediated immune responses in the skin. Several miRNAs have been shown to bind the 3′ untranslated region of thrombospondin mRNA, thereby controlling its stability and translational activity. In this study, we discovered short RNA sequences that may act as miRNAs from Propionibacterium acnes using a practical workflow of bioinformatics methods. Subsequently, we deciphered the common target gene. These RNA sequences tended to bind to the same thrombospondin protein, THSD4, emphasizing the potential importance of the synergistic binding of miRNAs from Ebola virus, Propionibacterium acnes, and humans to the target. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of thrombospondin proteins and miRNAs in Ebola virus infection.
Lipid raft localization of TLR2 and its co-receptors is independent of membrane lipid composition
Authors: Hellwing Christine , Schoeniger Axel , Roessler Claudia , Leimert Anja , Schumann Julia
Published: January 2018

Background

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are an important and evolutionary conserved class of pattern recognition receptors associated with innate immunity. The recognition of Gram-positive cell wall constituents strongly depends on TLR2. In order to be functional, TLR2 predominantly forms a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 within specialized membrane microdomains, the lipid rafts. The membrane lipid composition and the physicochemical properties of lipid rafts are subject to modification by exogenous fatty acids. Previous investigations of our group provide evidence that macrophage enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induces a reordering of lipid rafts and non-rafts based on the incorporation of supplemented PUFA as well as their elongation and desaturation products.

Methods

In the present study we investigated potential constraining effects of membrane microdomain reorganization on the clustering of TLR2 with its co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6 within lipid rafts. To this end, RAW264.7 macrophages were supplemented with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (AA) and analyzed for receptor expression and microdomain localization in context of TLR stimulation.

Results and Conclusions

Our analyses showed that receptor levels and microdomain localization were unchanged by PUFA supplementation. The TLR2 pathway, in contrast to the TLR4 signaling cascade, is not affected by exogenous PUFA at the membrane level.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ortho C−H Olefination of 2‐Arylindoles via NH‐Indole‐Directed C−H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Han Qingshuai , Guo Xiemin , Tang Ziyuan , Su Lv , Yao Zizhu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Shen , Xiang Shengchang , Huang Qiufeng
Published: January 2018

In the past decades, C−H oxidative olefination of indole at C‐2, C‐3, C‐4 and C‐7 positions was well addressed. We report here a rhodium‐catalyzed NH‐indole‐directed ortho C−H bond olefination of 2‐arylindoles. This cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling proved to be broad in substrate scope, tolerating a variety of functional groups. The synthesis of 6H‐isoindolo[2,1‐α]indoles via rhodium‐catalyzed ortho C−H olefination and subsequent intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction of 2‐arylindoles was also demonstrated.

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Cationic Metallo‐Polyelectrolytes for Robust Alkaline Anion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Xu Shichao , Rahman Anisur , Dogdibegovic Emir , Yang Peng , Pageni Parasmani , Kabir Mohammad Pabel , Zhou Xiao‐dong , Tang Chuanbing
Published: January 2018

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo‐polyelectrolytes were conceptualized and designed as durable anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs). Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium‐containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation, led to a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene‐like framework and alkaline‐stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport. These AEMs exhibited excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.
Hierarchical Nanoboxes Composed of Co9S8−MoS2 Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ganesan Vinoth , Lim Sunghyun , Kim Jinkwon
Published: January 2018

The development of hydrogen evolution catalysts based on nonprecious metals is essential for the practical application of water‐splitting devices. Herein, the synthesis of Co9S8−MoS2 hierarchical nanoboxes (HNBs) as efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is reported. The surface of the hollow cubic structure was organized by CoMoS4 nanosheets formed through the reaction of MoS42− and Co2+ released from the cobalt zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) templates under reflux in a mixture of water/ethanol. The formation process for the CoMoS4 HNB structures was characterized by TEM images recorded at various reaction temperatures. The amorphous CoMoS4 HNBs were converted through sequential heat treatments into CoSx−MoS2 and Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs. Owing to their unique chemical compositions and structural features, Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs have a high specific surface area (124.6 m2 g−1) and superior electrocatalytic performances for the HER. The Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs exhibit a low overpotential (η10) of 106 mV, a low Tafel slope of 51.8 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability in an acidic medium. The electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs is superior to that of recently reported values, and these HNBs prove to be promising candidates for the HER.
Rational Design of [13C,D14]Tert‐butylbenzene as a Scaffold Structure for Designing Long‐lived Hyperpolarized 13C Probes
Authors: Imakura Yuki , Nonaka Hiroshi , Takakusagi Yoichi , Ichikawa Kazuhiro , Maptue Nesmine R. , Funk Alexander M. , Khemtong Chalermchai , Sando Shinsuke
Published: January 2018

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique to polarize the nuclear spin population. As a result of the hyperpolarization, the NMR sensitivity of the nuclei in molecules can be dramatically enhanced. Recent application of the hyperpolarization technique has led to advances in biochemical and molecular studies. A major problem is the short lifetime of the polarized nuclear spin state. Generally, in solution, the polarized nuclear spin state decays to a thermal spin equilibrium, resulting in loss of the enhanced NMR signal. This decay is correlated directly with the spin‐lattice relaxation time T1. Here we report [13C,D14]tert‐butylbenzene as a new scaffold structure for designing hyperpolarized 13C probes. Thanks to the minimized spin‐lattice relaxation (T1) pathways, its water‐soluble derivative showed a remarkably long 13C T1 value and long retention of the hyperpolarized spin state.
Structure‐Sensitive Scaling Relations: Adsorption Energies from Surface Site Stability
Authors: Roling Luke T. , Abild‐Pedersen Frank
Published: January 2018

The design of heterogeneous catalysts is accelerated by the identification of thermochemical reactivity descriptors, which enable the prediction of promising materials through efficient screening. Motivated by previous discoveries of linear scaling relations between the adsorption energies of related atoms and molecules, we present a new scaling between the adsorption energies of metal atoms and metal–adsorbate complexes, which can be used to directly predict catalytically relevant molecular adsorption energies. In contrast to existing models based on the coordination number of surface atoms alone, our model can predict adsorption energies with site‐by‐site resolution considering local structural effects and also has potential extensions to include contributions of neighboring metal identity in alloy systems. Integration of this scaling with a previously identified model for metal–metal interactions enables the accurate prediction of molecular adsorption energies on nanoparticles by performing only a small set of slab‐based calculations.
Synthesis and Electric Properties of a Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Framework Based on Phthalocyanine
Authors: Nagatomi Hisanori , Yanai Nobuhiro , Yamada Teppei , Shiraishi Kanji , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: January 2018

Complexation of copper(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octahydroxy‐29H,31H‐phthalocyanine (CuPcOH) with copper(II) ions gives a two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF). This is the first report of a phthalocyanine‐based MOF. This 2D MOF was obtained as a black powder and showed an electrical conductivity of 1.6×10−6 S cm−1 at 80 °C. When this MOF is used as a cathode of lithium ion battery (LIB), large charge/discharge capacities of 151/128 mAh g−1 were obtained. In addition, it showed a good stability during 200 charge/discharge cycles. The obtained LIB performance mainly originates from the electrically conductive and redox‐active framework of the phthalocyanine‐based 2D MOF and its hierarchical microporous/mesoporous structure.
Formation of Water Channels in the Crystalline Hydrates of Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Patil Rahul S. , Zhang Chen , Sikligar Kanishka , Baker Gary A. , Atwood Jerry L.
Published: January 2018

Crystalline hydrates of macrocyclic compounds such as pyroagllol[4]arenes (PgCs) and resorcin[4]arenes (RsCs) are rare owing to their lower water solubility. Functionalization of these macrocyclic compounds is an affordable way to enhance water solubility. However, functionalization also encounters the formation of multiple conformers and subsequent difficulty in purification of the product. Herein, four novel crystalline hydrates of functionalized PgCs and RsCs were synthesized. Formation of water channels and the effects of intermolecular interactions on the physical properties of these novel hydrates are discussed.
Influence of lactic acid bacteria on stereoselective degradation of theta‐cypermethrin
Authors: Shi Kaiwei , Chen Zenglong , Liu Fengmao , Li Li , Yuan Longfei
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of four kinds of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on stereoselective degradation of theta‐cypermethrin (CYP), including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Streptococcus thermophilus. An effective analytical method for (±)‐theta‐CYP in medium was developed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. theta‐Cypermethrin was spiked to LAB medium with different inoculation rates and sampled at 0, 2, 8, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, and 240 hours. The results showed that LAB influenced the half‐lives and enantiomer fractions of theta‐CYP enantiomers, which lead a closer degradation rate between the 2 stereoisomers, and no obvious difference was found among 4 LABs. Besides, the stereoselective degradation of theta‐CYP was closely related to pH. The lower the pH (pH of 3, 5, 7, and 9), the lower the enantiomer fraction (from 4.88 to 6.69). At pH of 3, 7, and 9, significant differences of half‐lives between enantiomers were observed. (−)‐theta‐Cypermethrin decreased faster than (+)‐theta‐CYP under pH of 3, while opposite results were indicated under pH of 7 and 9. Moreover, the acidic condition contributed to the higher chiral configuration stability of (±)‐theta‐CYP. (+)‐Enantiomer was influenced by pH in a greater degree than (−)‐enantiomer.
Expanding Covalent Attachment Sites of Nonnative Chromophores to Encompass the C‐Terminal Hydrophilic Domain in Biohybrid Light‐Harvesting Architectures
Authors: Hood Don , Sahin Tuba , Parkes‐Loach Pamela S. , Jiao Jieying , Harris Michelle A. , Dilbeck Preston , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz M. , Kirmaier Christine , Loach Paul A. , Bocian David F. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Holten Dewey
Published: January 2018

Increasing the solar spectral coverage of native photosynthetic antennas can be achieved using biohybrid light‐harvesting (LH) structures comprised of native‐like bacterial photosynthetic peptides and synthetic bacteriochlorins with strong near‐infrared absorption. Four such biohybrids have been prepared wherein synthetic maleimido‐bearing bacteriochlorin BC1‐mal is covalently attached to a Cys residue substituted at either the +1, +5 or +11 position (relative to His‐0) of the 48‐residue β‐peptide of Rb. sphaeroides LH1. In addition, a β‐peptide with Phe substituted for Tyr at the +4 position along with +1Cys was used to examine possible quenching of the excited BC1 by the Tyr. The β‐peptide analogs, as well as their peptide‐BC1 conjugates when combined with native α‐peptide, and bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) self‐assemble to form αβ‐dyads and therefrom LH1‐type cyclic (αβ)n oligomers. Static and time‐resolved optical studies show that all of the oligomeric assemblies transfer excitation energy from the appended BC1 to the BChl a array (B875) with an average efficiency of 85 %.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Cyanation of 2‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazole: An Alternative Approach to Suvorexant
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Jing Li , Zheng Yang , Sang Rui , Zhao Yi , Wang Qiantao , Wu Yong
Published: January 2018

A rhodium‐catalyzed ortho‐cyanation protocol for 2‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazole has been developed by using N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluensulfonamide (NCTS) as an environmentally friendly cyanide source. This simple cyanation reaction provides a new protocol for the diversification of benzonitriles in moderate to good yields and tolerates useful functional groups. In addition, the method was used to synthesize 5‐methyl‐2‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)benzoic acid, which is the key intermediate of suvorexant.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems—Essentials to Successful Developments
Authors: Uchino Kenji
Published: January 2018

In recent years, industrial and academic research units have focused on harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations using piezoelectric transducers. These efforts have provided research guidelines and have brought to light the problems and limitations of piezoelectric systems. There are three major phases associated with piezoelectric energy harvesting: (i) mechanical–mechanical energy transfer, including mechanical stability of the piezoelectric transducer under large stresses, and mechanical impedance matching, (ii) mechanical–electrical energy transduction, relating to the electromechanical coupling factor in the composite transducer structure, and (iii) electrical–electrical energy transfer, including electrical impedance matching, such as a direct current (DC/DC) conversion to transfer the energy to a rechargeable battery. This Review starts from the historical background of piezoelectric energy harvesting, followed by several misconceptions by current researchers. The main part deals with step‐by‐step detailed energy flow analysis energy harvesting systems with lead zirconate titanate (PZT)‐based devices to provide comprehensive strategies on how to improve the efficiency of the harvesting system.