bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECMO-Unterstützung während der ersten 2 Wellen der Coronapandemie – eine Umfrage an Zentren mit hohen Fallzahlen in Deutschland
Authors: Supady Alexander , Michels Guido , Lepper Philipp M. , Ferrari Markus , Wippermann Jens , Sabashnikov Anton , Thiele Holger , Hennersdorf Marcus , Lahmer Tobias , Boeken Udo , Gummert Jan , Tigges Eike , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Spangenberg Tobias , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid L.
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund

Zu Beginn der Coronaviruspandemie wurde eine Überlastung der verfügbaren intensivmedizinischen Ressourcen befürchtet. Vielerorts wurden Routineeingriffe eingeschränkt und Kriterien für die Zuteilung knapper Ressourcen formuliert. In Deutschland kam es regional im Verlauf der Pandemie zeitweise zu Überlastungssituationen in den Kliniken. Speziell auf Intensivstationen zeigte sich eine Ressourcenknappheit, die zur Einschränkung von Leistungen und zu einer strengeren Indikationsstellung für ressourcenintensive Maßnahmen wie der extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) geführt haben kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über den Umgang mit diesen Belastungen an großen ECMO-Zentren in Deutschland zu gewinnen.

Methodik

Über persönliche Ansprache wurde im Frühjahr 2021 je ein Vertreter an großen ECMO-Zentren in Deutschland zur Teilnahme an einer Onlineumfrage eingeladen.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 34 Einladungen verschickt, die Umfrage wurde von 23 Teilnehmern beantwortet. In allen Zentren wurden im Verlauf der Pandemie Routineeingriffe verschoben. Die Hälfte der Zentren erhöhte die Anzahl von Betten, auf denen ECMO-Verfahren durchgeführt werden konnten, in einem Drittel der Zentren wurde dennoch der Beginn mindestens einer ECMO-Unterstützung wegen einer befürchteten Ressourcenknappheit verzögert. In 17 % der Zentren wurde mindestens einem Patienten eine ECMO verweigert, die der Patient unter den Bedingungen vor der Pandemie aller Voraussicht nach erhalten hätte.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse dieser Onlineumfrage zeigen, dass die erlebten Belastungen und Ressourcenengpässe in einigen Zentren zu einer zurückhaltenden ECMO-Indikationsstellung führten.
Optimization of fixture locating layout design using comprehensive optimized machine learning
Authors: Qazani Mohammad Reza Chalak , Parvaz Hadi , Pedrammehr Siamak
Published: September 2022

Fixtures are commonly employed in production as work holding devices that keep the workpiece immobilized while machined. The workpiece’s deformation, which affects machining precision, is greatly influenced by the positioning of fixture elements around the workpiece. By positioning the locators and clamps appropriately, the workpiece’s deformation might be decreased. Therefore, it is required to model the fixture–workpiece system’s complicated behavioral relationship. In this study, long short-term memory (LSTM), multilayer perception (MLP), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are three machine-learning approaches employed to model the connection between locator and clamp positions and maximum workpiece deformation throughout end milling. The hyperparameters of the developed ANFIS, MLP, and LSTM are chosen using the evolutionary algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and wolf optimization algorithm (WOA). Among developed methods, MLP optimized using BOA (BOA-MLP) reached the highest accuracy among all developed models in predicting the response surface. The developed model had a lower computational load than the final element model in calculating the response surface during the machining process. At the final step, the prementioned five evolutionary algorithms were implemented in the developed BOA-MLP to extract the optimal parameters of the fixture to decrease the deflection of the workpiece throughout the machining. The proposed method was modeled in MATLAB. The outcomes showed that the mentioned model was efficient enough compared with the previous method, such as optimized response surface methodology in the point view of 0.0441 μm lower workpiece deflection.
123I-MIBG imaging in heart failure: impact of comorbidities on cardiac sympathetic innervation
Authors: Gargiulo Paola , Acampa Wanda , Asile Gaetano , Abbate Vincenza , Nardi Ermanno , Marzano Federica , Assante Roberta , Nappi Carmela , Parlati Antonio Luca Maria , Basile Christian , Dellegrottaglie Santo , Paolillo Stefania , Cuocolo Alberto , Perrone-Filardi Pasquale
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Heart failure (HF) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant impact on life quality and extensive healthcare costs. Assessment of myocardial sympathetic innervation function plays a central role in prognosis assessment in HF patients.
The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the clinical applications of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) imaging in patients with HF and related comorbidities.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases.
Articles describing the impact of 123I-MIBG imaging on HF and related comorbidities were considered eligible for the review.

Results

We collected several data reporting that 123I-MIBG imaging is a safe and non-invasive tool to evaluate dysfunction of cardiac sympathetic neuronal function and to assess risk stratification in HF patients. HF is frequently associated with comorbidities that may affect cardiac adrenergic innervation. Furthermore, HF is frequently associated with comorbidities and chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, kidney disease and others, that may affect cardiac adrenergic innervation.

Conclusion

Comorbidities and chronic conditions lead to more severe impairment of sympathetic nervous system in patients with HF, with a negative impact on disease progression and outcome. Cardiac imaging with 123I-MIBG can be a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent adverse events in HF patients.
Bounded DBM-based clock state construction for timed automata in Uppaal
Authors: Lehmann Sascha , Schupp Sibylle
Published: September 2022

When the simulation of a system, or the verification of its model, needs to be resumed in an online context, we face the problem that a particular starting state needs to be reached or constructed, from which the process is then continued. For timed automata, especially the construction of a desired clock state, represented as a difference bound matrix (DBM), can be problematic, as only a limited set of DBM operations is available, which often does not include the ability to set DBM entries individually to the desired value. In online applications, we furthermore face strict timing requirements imposed on the generation process. In this paper, we present an approach to construct a target clock state in a model via sequences of DBM operations (as supported by the model checkerUppaal), for which we can guarantee bounded lengths, solving the present problem of ever-growing sequences over time. The approach forges new intermediate states and transitions based on an overapproximation of the target state, followed by a constraining phase, until the target state is reached. We prove that the construction sequence lengths are independent of the original trace lengths and are determined by the number of system clocks only, allowing for state construction in bounded time. Furthermore, we implement the (re-)construction routines and an extendedUppaalmodel simulator which provides the original operation sequences. Applying the approach to a test model suite as well as randomly generated DBM operation sequences, we empirically validate the theoretical result and the implementation.
Induction of neutralizing antibodies in CLL patients after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a monocentric experience
Authors: Baratè Claudia , Caruso Teresita , Mavilia Fabrizio , Sammuri Paola , Pratesi Federico , Motta Giuseppe , Guerri Valentina , Galimberti Sara , Migliorini Paola
Published: September 2022

Vaccination represents the best strategy to fight COVID-19 pandemics, especially in immune compromised subjects. In chronic lymphatic leukemia patients, a marked impairment of the immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was observed. In this report, we analyzed anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in CLL patients after two doses of mRNA SARS CoV 2 vaccine and evaluated the impact of Bruton kinase inhibitory agents. Twenty-seven CLL patients vaccinated with mRNA vaccines against SARS CoV-2 were recruited. Serum IgG, IgM and IgA anti-RBD antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were detected, and antibody avidity was measured. Peripheral blood leukocytes subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. After two vaccine doses anti-RBD IgG were produced in 11/27 (40.5%) of patients and levels of IgG and IgA anti RBD in CLL patients were sensibly lower than in controls. Neutralizing antibodies were detectable in 12/27 (44.5%) of the patients and their level was lower than that observed in controls. Disease burden and treatment with Bruton kinases inhibitors markedly impaired vaccine induced antibody response. However, in responder patients, antibody avidity was comparable to normal subjects, indicating that the process of clonal selection and affinity maturation takes place as expected. Taken together, these data confirm the impact of disease burden and therapy on production of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies and support the current policy of vaccinating CLL patients.
“Come and share your story and make everyone cry”: complicating service user educator storytelling in mental health professional education
Authors: LeBlanc-Omstead Stephanie , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne
Published: September 2022

It has become relatively common practice within health professional education to invite people who have used mental health and social care services (orservice user educators) to share their stories with health professional learners and students. This paper reports on findings from a postcritical ethnographic study of the practice of service user involvement (SUI), in which we reflexively inquired into conceptualizations of service user educators’ knowledge contributions to health professional education in the accounts of both service user- and health professional educators. This research was conducted in response to recent calls for greater scrutiny surrounding the risks, challenges, and complexities inherent in involving service users in health professional education spaces. ‘Story/telling’ was identified as a pronounced overarching construct in our analysis, which focuses on participants’ reports of both the obvious and more subtle tensions and complexities they experience in relation to storytelling as a predominant tool or approach to SUI. Our findings are presented as three distinct, yet overlapping, themes related to these complexities or tensions: (a) performative expectations; (b) the invisible work of storytelling; and (c) broadening conceptualizations of service user educators’ knowledge. Our findings and discussion contribute to a growing body of literature which problematizes the uncritical solicitation of service user educators’ stories in health professional education and highlights the need for greater consideration of the emotional and epistemic labour expected of those who are invited to share their stories. This paper concludes with generative recommendations and reflexive prompts for health professional educators seeking to engage service user educators in health professional education through the practice of storytelling.
Preparing patients according to their individual coping style improves patient experience of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Madl Janika E. M. , Sturmbauer Sarah C. , Janka Rolf , Bay Susanne , Rohleder Nicolas
Published: September 2022

MRI-related anxiety is present in 30% of patients and may evoke motion artifacts/failed scans, which impair clinical efficiency. It is unclear how patient anxiety can be countered most effectively. Habitual preferences for coping with stressful situations by focusing or distracting one’s attention thereof (coping style) may play a key role in this context. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two patient-preparation videos with informational vs. relaxational content and to determine whether the fit between content and coping style affects effectivity. The sample consisted of 142 patients (M = 48.31 ± 15.81 years). Key outcomes were anxiety, and cortisol as a physiological stress marker. When not considering coping style, neither intervention improved the patients’ reaction; only patient preparation that matched the patients’ coping style was associated with an earlier reduction of anxiety. This suggests that considering individual preferences for patient preparation may be more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach.
EnGINE: Flexible Research Infrastructure for Reliable and Scalable Time Sensitive Networks
Authors: Rezabek Filip , Bosk Marcin , Paul Thomas , Holzinger Kilian , Gallenmüller Sebastian , Gonzalez Angela , Kane Abdoul , Fons Francesc , Haigang Zhang , Carle Georg , Ott Jörg
Published: September 2022

Self-driving and multimedia systems have common implications: increased demand on network bandwidth and computation nodes. To cope with the current and future challenges, intra-vehicular networks (IVNs) change their layout. They are built around powerful central nodes connected to the rest of the vehicle via Ethernet. The usage of Ethernet presents a challenge, as it by design lacks support for deterministic behavior, which is crucial for real-time systems. Therefore, the IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group offers standards introducing low-latency and deterministic communication into Ethernet based networks allowing coexistence of best-effort and real-time traffic. To understand the coexistence challenges, these new networked systems need to be thoroughly evaluated with IVN requirements in mind. To assess various topologies, configurations, and data traffic types in IVN setups, we introduceEnvironment forGenericIn-vehicularNetworkingExperiments—EnGINE. It allows, among many others, repeatable, reproducible, and replicable TSN experiments with high precision and flexibility.EnGINEis based on commercial off-the-shelf hardware and uses the flexible Ansible framework for experiment orchestration. This allows us to configure various topologies emulating realistic behavior of IVNs or other time sensitive systems used, e.g., in industrial automation. Obtaining such realism is challenging using simulations. Based on available related work, we further address the challenges found in those networks, especially IVNs. We derive TSN domain framework requirements, provide details on design decisions for theEnGINE, and present results to show its capabilities. The results present relevant network metrics based on collected data. A key focus is on the experiment campaigns realism achieved by real IVNs’ data footage and the OS optimizations to offer real-time behavior. We believe thatEnGINEprovides the ideal environment for TSN experiments from different domains.
Formative-reflective scheme for the assessment of tourism destination competitiveness: an analysis of Italian municipalities
Authors: Grassini Laura , Magrini Alessandro , Conti Enrico
Published: September 2022

In this article, we propose a formative-reflective scheme for the assessment of Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) based on a combined use of Partial Least Squares-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) and the method recently proposed by Fattore, Pelagatti, and Vittadini (FPV). TDC is conceived as a construct reflecting the tourism performance of a destination, and several determinants are considered, including endowed resources, created resources, and supporting factors. The proposed scheme is applied to a case study on 1575 Italian municipalities for which the Italian National Institute of Statistics released data on tourist flows. Our contribution is innovative for three aspects: (i) the consistency of the formative-reflective scheme for TDC assessment is discussed on a theoretical basis; (ii) an empirical comparison between PLS-PM and the FPV method is performed; (iii) data with higher granularity than most studies on TDC assessment are employed. Our findings highlight that endowed resources are the primary driver of TDC, followed by created resources and supporting factors, and emphasize that the best ranked destinations are big cities with a multifaceted tourism alongside sea and mountain destinations with cultural attractions.
On the translation from quantified modal logic to Counterpart Theory
Authors: Nencha Cristina
Published: September 2022

Lewis (1968) claims that his language of Counterpart Theory (CT) interprets modal discourse and he adverts to a translation scheme from the language of Quantified Modal Logic (QML) to CT. However, everybody now agrees that his original translation scheme does not always work, since it does not always preserve the ‘intuitive’ meaning of the translated QML-formulas. Lewis discusses this problem with regard to the Necessitist Thesis, and I will extend his discourse to the analysis of the Converse Barcan Formula.

Everyone also agrees that there are CT-formulas that can express the QML-content that gets lost through the translation. The problem is how we arrive to them. In this paper, I propose new translation rules from QML to CT, based on a suggestion by Kaplan. However, I will claim that we cannot have ‘the’ translation scheme from QML to CT. The reason being that de re modal language is ambiguous. Accordingly, there are different sorts of QML, depending on how we resolve such ambiguity. Therefore, depending on what sort of QML we intend to translate into CT, we need to use the corresponding translation scheme. This suggests that all the translation problems might just disappear if we do what Lewis did not: begin with a fully worked out QML that tells us how to understand de re modal discourse.
The typicality effect in basic needs
Authors: Pölzler Thomas , Hannikainen Ivar R.
Published: September 2022

According to the so-called Classical Theory, concepts are mentally represented by individually necessary and jointly sufficient application conditions. One of the principal empirical objections against this view stems from evidence that people judge some instances of a concept to be moretypicalthan others. In this paper we present and discuss four empirical studies that investigate the extent to which this ‘typicality effect’ holds for the concept ofbasic needs. Through multiple operationalizations of typicality, our studies yielded evidence for a strong effect of this kind: (1) Participants tended to recall the same core examples of the concept in a free-listing task. (2) They judged some basic needs to be more typical than others. (3) The items that were judged to be more typical were listed more frequently in the free-listing task. (4) These items were listed earlier on in the free-listing task. (5) Typical basic needs, as well as non needs, were classified faster than atypical basic needs in a reaction time study. These findings suggest that the concept of basic needs may have a non-classical (e.g., exemplar or prototype) structure. If so, the quest for a simple and robust intensional analysis of the concept may be futile.
The co-management approach has positive impacts on mangrove conservation: evidence from the mono transboundary biosphere reserve (Togo-Benin), West Africa
Authors: Gnansounou Setondé Constant , Sagoe Alberta Ama , Mattah Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Aheto Denis Worlanyo , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: September 2022

Literature on conservation science has documented the increasing use of the co-management approach to effectively conserve natural resources. Although some studies found the co-management approach as highly effective, others also reported some uncertainties associated with the use of this conservation approach. Using the mono transboundary biosphere reserve (MTBR) as a case study, this work assessed the effectiveness of the co-management approach for mangrove conservation in West Africa. Data was collected in two protected sites of the reserve (one in Togo and the other in Benin). Exploratory sequential mixed method via in-depth interviews (n = 17), focus group discussions (n = 14), household surveys (n = 274) and expert-based surveys (n = 10) were carried out, and data was analyzed using the InVEST-based Habitat Risk Assessment (HRA) model, chi-square tests and simple probability of likelihood. Findings showed that the co-management approach has lowered anthropogenic stressors to mangroves in the reserve. Under the co-management approach, all the mangroves located in the Benin side of the reserve are identified as under low risk whereas 42% of the mangrove cover are considered under low risk and 58% under medium risk in Togo. Local perception also portrayed the reduction of mangrove degradation in the study sites following the adoption of the co-management approach in the two countries. However, there are some challenges such as the financial support provision and regular community engagement which need to be thoroughly researched and addressed to achieve the sustainability of the positive impacts of the co-management in the MTBR.
Pesticides monitoring in surface water of a subsistence agricultural catchment in Uganda using passive samplers
Authors: Oltramare Christelle , Weiss Frederik T. , Staudacher Philipp , Kibirango Oscar , Atuhaire Aggrey , Stamm Christian
Published: September 2022

Pesticides are intensely used in the agricultural sector worldwide including smallholder farming. Poor pesticide use practices in this agronomic setting are well documented and may impair the quality of water resources. However, empirical data on pesticide occurrence in water bodies of tropical smallholder agriculture is scarce. Many available data are focusing on apolar organochlorine compounds which are globally banned. We address this gap by studying the occurrence of a broad range of more modern pesticides in an agricultural watershed in Uganda. During 2.5 months of the rainy season in 2017, three passive sampler systems were deployed at five locations in River Mayanja to collect 14 days of composite samples. Grab samples were taken from drinking water resources. In these samples, 27 compounds out of 265 organic pesticides including 60 transformation products were detected. In the drinking water resources, we detected eight pesticides and two insecticide transformation products in low concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. Also, in the small streams and open fetch ponds, detected concentrations were generally low with a few exceptions for the herbicide 2,4-D and the fungicide carbendazim exceeding 1 ug/L. The widespread occurrence of chlorpyrifos posed the largest risk for macroinvertebrates. The extensive detection of this compound and its transformation product 3,4,5-trichloro-2-pyridinol was unexpected and called for a better understanding of the use and fate of this pesticide.

Graphical abstract
Midpoint and endpoint characterization factors for mineral resource dissipation: methods and application to 6000 data sets
Authors: Charpentier Poncelet Alexandre , Loubet Philippe , Helbig Christoph , Beylot Antoine , Muller Stéphanie , Villeneuve Jacques , Laratte Bertrand , Thorenz Andrea , Tuma Axel , Sonnemann Guido
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The accessibility to most metals is crucial to modern societies. In order to move towards more sustainable use of metals, it is relevant to reduce losses along their anthropogenic cycle. To this end, quantifying dissipative flows of mineral resources and assessing their impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA) has been a challenge brought up by various stakeholders in the LCA community. We address this challenge with the extension of previously developed impact assessment methods and evaluating how these updated methods compare to widely used impact assessment methods for mineral resource use.

Methods

Building on previous works, we extend the coverage of the average dissipation rate (ADR) and lost potential service time (LPST) methods to 61 metals. Midpoint characterization factors are computed using dynamic material flow analysis results, and endpoint characterization factors, by applying the market price of metals as a proxy for their value. We apply these methods to metal resource flows from 6000 market data sets along with the abiotic depletion potential and ReCiPe 2016 methods to anticipate how the assessment of dissipation using the newly developed methods might compare to the latter two widely used ones.

Results and discussion

The updated midpoint methods enable distinguishing between 61 metals based on their global dissipation patterns once they have been extracted from the ground. The endpoint methods further allow differentiating between the value of metals based on their annual average market prices. Metals with a high price that dissipate quickly have the highest endpoint characterization factors. The application study shows that metals with the largest resource flows are expected to have the most impacts with the midpoint ADR and LPST methods, metals that are relatively more expensive have a greater relative contribution to the endpoint assessment.

Conclusion

The extended ADR and LPST methods provide new information on the global dissipation patterns of 61 metals and on the associated potentially lost value for humans. The methods are readily applicable to resource flows in current life cycle inventories. This new information may be complementary to that provided by other impact assessment methods addressing different impact pathways when used in LCA studies. Additional research is needed to improve the characterization of the value of metals for society and to extend the methods to more resources.
A systematic review of robot-assisted anti-reflux surgery to examine reporting standards
Authors: Huttman Marc M. , Robertson Harry F. , Smith Alexander N. , Biggs Sarah E. , Dewi Ffion , Dixon Lauren K. , Kirkham Emily N. , Jones Conor S. , Ramirez Jozel , Scroggie Darren L. , Zucker Benjamin E. , Pathak Samir , Blencowe Natalie S. ,   RoboSurg collaborative group, Main Barry G. , Blazeby Jane M. , Zucker Ben , Dawson Sarah , Vallance Abi , Wilkinson Aimee , Young Amber , Jones Annabel , Abbas Aya , Turner Benedict , Thomas Charlie , Hoffmann Christin , Henshall David , Boden Eleanor , Gull Emma , Sewart Emma , Wood Fergus , Loro Francesca , Hollowood Freya , Fowler George E. , Higginbotham George , Sellers Grace , Hughes Ioan , Handa Ishita , Rees Jonathan , Leandro Lorna , Paynter Louisa , Huppler Lucy , Gourbault Lysander , Wijeyaratne Manuk , Dewhurst Max , Shah Max , Kiandee Miraen , Dada Mo , Brewster Oliver , Lok Pat , Winayak Rahul , Ranat Reesha , Macefield Rhiannon , Lawrence Ruby , Millar Ryan , Lawday Sam , Dalmia Sanjush , Cousins Sian , Rozwadowski Sophie , Robinson Tanya , Perra Teresa , Leow Tjun Wei , Brankin-Frisby Tom , Baker Will , Hurst William , Young Ysabelle Embury , Hoffman Christin , Richards Hollie S. , Olivier James , Lee Keng Siang , Purves Rory
Published: September 2022

Robot-assisted anti-reflux surgery (RA-ARS) is increasingly being used to treat refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow up) Collaboration’s framework aims to improve the evaluation of surgical innovation, but the extent to which the evolution of RA-ARS has followed this model is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the standard to which RA-ARS has been reported during its evolution, in relation to the IDEAL framework. A systematic review from inception to June 2020 was undertaken to identify all primary English language studies pertaining to RA-ARS. Studies of paraoesophageal or giant hernias were excluded. Data extraction was informed by IDEAL guidelines and summarised by narrative synthesis. Twenty-three studies were included: two case reports, five case series, ten cohort studies and six randomised controlled trials. The majority were single-centre studies comparing RA-ARS and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Eleven (48%) studies reported patient selection criteria, with high variability between studies. Few studies reported conflicts of interest (30%), funding arrangements (26%), or surgeons’ prior robotic experience (13%). Outcome reporting was heterogeneous; 157 distinct outcomes were identified. No single outcome was reported in all studies.The under-reporting of important aspects of study design and high degree of outcome heterogeneity impedes the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from the body of evidence. There is a need for further well-designed prospective studies and randomised trials, alongside agreement about outcome selection, measurement and reporting for future RA-ARS studies.
A contribution to the dynamics of the tapping process: analytically estimated and measured instantaneous eigenfrequencies of the tapping tool
Authors: Öztürk Tuǧrul , Weigold Matthias
Published: September 2022

In this contribution an analytical approach for estimating the tapping tool’s instantaneous eigenfrequencies of flexural modes is derived. A sensor-integrated tap holder with a close-to-tool vibration sensor attached on the tapping tool is introduced and verified by means of frequency response analysis. The close-to-tool vibration data measured during thread cutting experiments is analyzed in time and frequency domain. The instantaneous eigenfrequencies observed in the spectrogram of the power spectral density are compared with the analytical estimation results. It could be shown that considering for the analytical estimation approach the tapping tool-workpiece contact as clamped boundary condition shows close accordance to the experimental data.
Conic reductions for Hamiltonian actions of U(2) and its maximal torus
Authors: Paoletti Roberto
Published: September 2022

Suppose given a Hamiltonian and holomorphic action of $$G=U(2)$$

G
=
U
(
2
)

on a compact Kähler manifold M, with nowhere vanishing moment map. Given an integral coadjoint orbit $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
for G, under transversality assumptions we shall consider two naturally associated ‘conic’  reductions. One, which will be denoted $$\overline{M}^G_{\mathcal {O}}$$

M
¯

O
G

, is taken with respect to the action of G and the cone over $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
; another, which will be denoted $$\overline{M}^T_{\varvec{\nu }}$$

M
¯

ν

T

, is taken with respect to the action of the standard maximal torus $$T\leqslant G$$

T
⩽
G

and the ray $$\mathbb {R}_+\,\imath \varvec{\nu }$$

R
+

ı

ν

along which the cone over $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
intersects the positive Weyl chamber. These two reductions share a common ‘divisor’,  which may be viewed heuristically as bridging between their structures. This point of view motivates studying the (rather different) ways in which the two reductions relate to the the latter divisor. In this paper we provide some indications in this direction. Furthermore, we give explicit transversality criteria for a large class of such actions in the projective setting, as well as a description of corresponding reductions as weighted projective varieties, depending on combinatorial data associated to the action and the orbit.
Patient preferences for features of HER2-targeted treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a discrete-choice experiment study
Authors: Mansfield Carol , Botha Willings , Vondeling Gerard T. , Klein Kathleen , Wang Kongming , Singh Jasmeet , Hackshaw Michelle D.
Published: September 2022

Background

We aimed to quantify patients’ benefit-risk preferences for attributes associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted breast cancer treatments and estimate minimum acceptable benefits (MABs), denominated in additional months of progression-free survival (PFS), for given treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

Methods

We conducted an online discrete-choice experiment (DCE) among patients with self-reported advanced/metastatic breast cancer in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan (N = 302). In a series of nine DCE questions, respondents chose between two hypothetical treatment profiles created by an experimental design. Profiles were defined by six attributes with varying levels: PFS, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, liver function problems, risk of heart failure, and risk of serious lung damage and infections. Data were analyzed using an error component random-parameters logit model.

Results

Among the attributes, patients placed the most importance on a change in PFS from 5 to 26 months; change from no diarrhea to severe diarrhea was the least important. Avoiding a 15% risk of heart failure had the largest MAB (5.8 additional months of PFS), followed by avoiding a 15% risk of serious lung damage and infections (4.6 months), possible severe liver function problems (4.2 months), severe nausea/vomiting (3.7 months), and severe diarrhea (2.3 months) compared with having none of the AEs. The relative importance of 21 additional months of PFS (increasing from 5 to 26 months) increased for women with HER2-negative disease and those with children.

Conclusions

Patients valued PFS gain higher than the potential risk of AEs when deciding between hypothetical breast cancer treatments.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in heart transplantation recipients in the Netherlands
Authors: Muller S. A. , Manintveld O. C. , Szymanski M. K. , Damman K. , van der Meer M. G. , Caliskan K. , van Laake L. W. , Oerlemans M. I. F. J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of complicated severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of heart transplantation (HTx) recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Netherlands.

Methods

HTx patients from one of the three HTx centres in the Netherlands with COVID-19 (proven by positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or serology test result) between February 2020 and June 2021 were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was disease severity.

Results

COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/665 HTx patients (8%), with a mean (± standard deviation (SD)) time after HTx of 11 ± 8 years. Mean (± SD) age was 53 ± 14 years and 39% were female. Immunosuppressive therapy dosage was reduced in 37% patients (20/54). Hospitalisation was required in 39% patients (21/54), and 13% patients (7/54) had severe COVID-19 (leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death). In-hospital mortality was 14% (3/21), and all-cause mortality was 6%. Compared with patients with moderate COVID-19 (hospitalised without ICU indication), severe COVID-19 patients tended to be transplanted earlier and had a significantly higher mean (± SD) body mass index (26 ± 3 vs 30 ± 3 kg/m2, p = 0.01). Myocardial infarction, cellular rejection and pulmonary embolism were observed once in three different HTx patients.

Conclusion

HTx patients were at increased risk of complicated COVID-19 with frequent hospitalisation, but the all-cause mortality was substantially lower than previously described (7–33%).
Design of Replicated Open-Pore Aluminium Cellular Materials with a Non-Stochastic Structure for Sound Absorption Applications
Authors: Carbajo J. , Molina J. M. , Kim S. , Maiorano L. P. , Mosanenzadeh S. Ghaffari , Fang N. X.
Published: September 2022

Several porous materials, especially natural fibres and polyurethane foams, are frequently used as sound absorbers in multiple noise reduction applications. Notwithstanding their excellent absorption performance, these materials usually lack the structural strength and fire resistance required for use in aggressive environments or situations requiring structural stability. This paper proposes the design of open-pore polymer and aluminum cellular materials with non-stochastic structures for sound absorption. These materials were fabricated using additive manufacturing (polymeric materials) and the replication method (aluminum materials), which involves infiltrating porous preforms formed by compacting spheres of a martyr material, such as NaCl, with liquid aluminum. The proposed materials can be employed as a resonator system when backed by an air cavity, with the change in cavity depth used to tune its sound absorption peak. Following the standard ASTM E1050, the sound absorption of these materials was investigated. In addition, the sound absorption performance of the materials was predicted using an Equivalent Circuit Method model. The experimental results are consistent with those predicted by the model, highlighting the potential of the microstructural and configurational design of these materials as sound absorbers.

Graphical Abstract
Highly Active Lanthanum Perovskite Electrocatalysts (LaMnxCo1-xO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) by Tuning the Mn:Co Ratio for ORR and MOR in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Shafath Sadiyah , Logade Khulood , Ashok Anchu , Kumar Anand , Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M.
Published: September 2022

Lanthanum-based perovskites (LaMnxCo1-xO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) were synthesized using a solution combustion synthesis technique with variable ratios of Co and Mn to investigate the surface property and electrocatalytic characteristics (stability and activity of catalyst) for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline medium (KOH). The structural, chemical, and morphological characterizations of the synthesized catalyst were performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques as a function of the Mn:Co elemental ratio. The time–temperature profile during the combustion process was also monitored to study the completion of the combustion reaction and to understand its impact on the structure of the perovskites. SEM/EDX and XPS analysis confirmed the formation of the targeted ratio of Mn and Co on the catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results revealed that all perovskite samples with different Co:Mn ratios were active for ORR, OER, and MOR. The LaMnxCo1-xO3 perovskite with x = 0.4 showed the highest current density compared to the other samples toward all the electrocatalytic reactions under alkaline reaction conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Models of quadric surface bundles
Authors: Levchenko Denis
Published: September 2022

We establish the existence of models of quadric surface bundles with prescribed étale local forms.
Retroperitoneal Causes of Genitourinary Pain Syndromes: Systematic Approach to Evaluation and Management
Authors: Khalife Tarek , Hagen Amy M. , Alm Jessica E.C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Women with pelvic pain commonly report pain in their ovaries, vagina, uterus, or bladder. These symptoms may be caused by visceral genitourinary pain syndromes but also may be caused by musculoskeletal disorders of the abdomen and pelvis. Understanding neuroanatomical and musculoskeletal factors that may contribute to genitourinary pain is important for evaluation and management.

Objectives

This review aims to (i) highlight the importance of clinical knowledge of pelvic neuroanatomy and sensory dermatomal distribution of the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, exemplified in a clinical case; (ii) review common neuropathic and musculoskeletal causes of acute and chronic pelvic pain that may be challenging to diagnose and manage; and (iii) discuss female genitourinary pain syndromes with a focus on retroperitoneal causes and treatment options.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed, Ovid Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the keywords “chronic pelvic pain,” “neuropathy,” “neuropathic pain,” “retroperitoneal schwannoma,” “pudendal neuralgia,” and “entrapment syndromes.”

Results

Retroperitoneal causes of genitourinary pain syndromes have substantial overlap with common conditions treated in a primary care setting. Thus, a comprehensive and systematic history and physical examination, with focused attention to the pelvic neuroanatomy, is key to establishing the correct diagnosis. In the clinical case, such a comprehensive approach led to the unexpected finding of a large retroperitoneal schwannoma. This case highlights the intricacy of pelvic pain syndromes and the complex nature of their possible overlapping causes, which ultimately affects treatment planning.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the neuroanatomy and neurodermatomes of the abdomen and pelvis, in addition to understanding pain pathophysiology, is critical when evaluating patients with pelvic pain. Failure to apply proper evaluation and implement proper multidisciplinary management strategies contributes to unnecessary patient distress, decreased quality of life, and increased use of health care services.
The Roman Mass
Authors: Lang Uwe Michael
Published: September 2022

This volume offers a new, synthetic overview of the structure and ritual shape of the Roman Mass from its formative period in late antiquity to its post-Tridentine standarisation. Starting with the Last Supper and the origins of the Eucharist, Uwe Michael Lang constructs a narrative that explores the intense religious, social, and cultural transformations that shaped the Roman Mass. Lang unites classical liturgical history with insights from a variety of other disciplines that have drawn attention to the ritual performance and reception of the mass. He also presents liturgical developments within the broader historical and theological contexts that affected the celebration and experience of the sacramental rite that is still at the heart of Catholic Christianity. Aimed at scholars from a broad swathe of subjects, including religious studies, history, art history, literature, and music, Lang's volume serves as a comprehensive history of the Roman Mass over the course of a millenium.
Education Reform and the Learning Crisis in Developing Countries
Authors: Clarke Prema
Published: September 2022

Over three decades ago, international donors declared that there was a learning crisis in developing countries. In the years since, large investments have been made towards education, yet there has been an apparent relative lack of progress in student learning. This book unpicks this disparity, and explores the implications of evidence-based donor programming for quality education. It undertakes an in-depth analysis of the interventions financed by the main donors in primary education, such as infrastructure development, provision of instructional material, teacher training and community mobilization, and argues that the research undertaken during this period was unable to provide answers. The author outlines an alternative model for evidence generation that can assist in the design of relevant and targeted interventions for learning, to ultimately inform and improve future education programmes. Timely and radical, this book is essential reading for researchers and students in the fields of education research and education reform.
MULTI-STATE MODELLING OF CUSTOMER CHURN
Authors: Dong Yumo , Frees Edward W. , Huang Fei , Hui Francis K. C.
Published: September 2022

Customer churn, which insurance companies use to describe the non-renewal of existing customers, is a widespread and expensive problem in general insurance, particularly because contracts are usually short-term and are renewed periodically. Traditionally, customer churn analyses have employed models which utilise only a binary outcome (churn or not churn) in one period. However, real business relationships are multi-period, and policyholders may reside and transition between a wider range of states beyond that of the simply churn/not churn throughout this relationship. To better encapsulate the richness of policyholder behaviours through time, we propose multi-state customer churn analysis, which aims to model behaviour over a larger number of states (defined by different combinations of insurance coverage taken) and across multiple periods (thereby making use of readily available longitudinal data). Using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) with a second-order Markov assumption, we demonstrate how multi-state customer churn analysis offers deeper insights into how a policyholder’s transition history is associated with their decision making, whether that be to retain the current set of policies, churn, or add/drop a coverage. Applying this model to commercial insurance data from the Wisconsin Local Government Property Insurance Fund, we illustrate how transition probabilities between states are affected by differing sets of explanatory variables and that a multi-state analysis can potentially offer stronger predictive performance and more accurate calculations of customer lifetime value (say), compared to the traditional customer churn analysis techniques.
The interface of paediatric ENT and autism spectrum disorder: a complex conundrum for otolaryngologists
Authors: Gimlette S , Stapleton E
Published: September 2022

Objective

Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition encompassing complex physical and neurological symptoms, including complex sensory symptoms. This review explores the interface between autism spectrum disorder and paediatric ENT.

Methods

Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (‘PRISMA’) guideline, a robust literature search and review was conducted by two researchers. Thirty-four papers were filtered into the final review.

Results

Published literature clearly demonstrates potential for autism spectrum disorder to present in the form of auditory and other sensory symptoms to ENT surgeons and audiologists who may not fully appreciate this complex condition. Despite this well-documented link, auditory symptoms, auditory processing disorders and hearing loss within autism spectrum disorder remain poorly understood.

Conclusion

Improved recognition and understanding of autism spectrum disorder by otolaryngologists could enable more effective diagnostic and management strategies for autistic children who present with auditory and other sensory symptoms. In light of the current ‘autism epidemic,’ there is an urgent need for further research on this theme.
Mental Health Response to Disasters: Is There a Role for a Primary Care-Based Clinician?
Authors: Crompton David , Shakespeare-Finch Jane , FitzGerald Gerard , Kohleis Peter , Young Ross
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Following natural disasters, rural general practitioners (GPs) are expected to undertake several roles, including identifying those experiencing psychological distress and providing evidence-informed mental health care. This paper reports on a collaborative mental health program developed to support a rural GP practice (population <1,500) and a disaster response service.

Methods:

The program provided specialized disaster mental health care via the placement of a clinician in the GP facility. In collaboration with the GP practice, the program offered opportunistic screening using the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (PC-PTSD) for probable PTSD as the primary measure and the Kessler 6 (K6) as a secondary measure. Those scoring higher than two on the PC-PTSD scale were referred to the mental health clinician (MHC) for further assessment and treatment.

Results:

Sixty screening assessments were completed. Fourteen patients (male = 3; female = 11) scored higher than two on the PC-PTSD. The referred group PC-PTSD mean score was 3.14 and K6 mean score of 19. Those not referred had a PC-PTSD mean score = 0.72 and K6 mean score = 7.30. The treatment and non-treatment groups differed significantly (PC-PTSD: P <.00001 and K6: P <.00001). A prior history of trauma exposure was notable in the intervention group. Eight reported a history of domestic violence, seven histories of sexual abuse, five childhood sexual abuse, and eight intimate partner violence (IPV).

Conclusion:

A post-disaster integrated GP and mental health program in a rural community can assist in identifying individuals experiencing post-disaster psychological distress using opportunistic psychological screening. The findings indicate that collaborative mental health programs may effectively support rural communities post-disaster.