bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An emergent transition time-scale in the atmosphere and its implications to global-averaged precipitation control mechanisms, time-series reconstruction and stochastic downscaling
Authors: Nogueira Miguel
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA) revealed an emergent transition in non-periodic (deseasonalized) atmospheric variability at time-scales ~1-year. At multi-year time-scales (i) ρSST,Tland ~ 0.6 (i.e. the correlation been global-averaged sea surface temperature, SST, and 2-meter air temperature averaged over global-land, Tland); (ii) Clausius-Clapeyron relationship becomes the dominant control of global-averaged precipitable water vapor (W), with ρW,T2m ≈ ρW,SST ~ 0.9; (iii) atmospheric radiative fluxes, specifically the surface downwelling longwave radiative flux (DLR), become a key constraint for global-mean precipitation (P) variability (ρP,Ratm ≈ ρP,DLR ~ −0.8); (iv) cloud effects are negligible in (iii), and clear-sky DLR becomes a dominant P constraint; and (v) ρP,T2m and ρP,SST displayed significant multi-year correlations, although with large spread amongst different datasets (~ 0.4 to ~ 0.7). Result (v) provides a new perspective into the well-known uncertainties climate models associated with the dynamical component of precipitation. At sub-yearly time-scales all correlations underlying these five results decrease abruptly towards negligible values. The relevance and validity of this multi-scale structure is demonstrated by three reconstructed P time-series at 2-year resolution, two relying on clear-sky DLR constraints and one based on P-SST correlation. These simple models, particularly one based on clear-sky DLR, were able to reproduce observed P anomaly time-series with similar accuracy to a (uncoupled) atmospheric model (ERA-20CM) and two climate reanalysis (ERA-20C and 20CR). The idealized models aren't applicable at sub-yearly time-scales, where the underlying correlations become negligible. However, monthly P probability density functions (PDFs) were derived by stochastic downscaling of reconstructed P, leveraging on scale-invariant properties, outperforming the statistics simulated by ERA-20C, 20CR and ERA-20CM.
Revisiting the First ISLSCP Field Experiment to evaluate water
stress in JULESv5.0
Authors: Williams Karina E. , Harper Anna B. , Huntingford Chris , Mercado Lina M. , Mathison Camilla T. , Falloon Pete D. , Cox Peter M. , Kim Joon
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE), Kansas, US, 1987–1989, made important contributions to the understanding of energy and CO2 exchanges between the land-surface and the atmosphere, which heavily influenced the development of numerical land-surface modelling. Thirty years on, we demonstrate how the wealth of data collected at FIFE and its subsequent in-depth analysis in the literature continues to be a valuable resource for the current generation of land-surface models. To illustrate, we use the FIFE dataset to evaluate the representation of water stress on tallgrass prairie vegetation in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) and highlight areas for future development. We show that, while JULES is able to simulate a decrease in net carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration during a dry spell, the shape of the diurnal cycle is not well captured. Evaluating the model parameters and results against this dataset provides a case study on the assumptions in calibrating "unstressed" vegetation parameters and thresholds for water stress. In particular, the response to low water availability and high temperatures are calibrated separately. We also illustrate the effect of inherent uncertainties in key observables, such as leaf area index, soil moisture and soil properties. Given these valuable lessons, simulations for this site will be a key addition to a compilation of simulations covering a wide range of vegetation types and climate regimes, which will be used to improve the way that water stress is represented within JULES.
Modeling the unified measurement uncertainty of deflectometric and plenoptic 3-D sensors
Authors: Ziebarth Mathias , Zeller Niclas , Heizmann Michael , Quint Franz
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper we propose new models of two complementary optical sensors to obtain 2.5-D measurements of opaque surfaces: a deflectometric and a plenoptic sensor. The deflectometric sensor uses active triangulation and works best on specular surfaces, while the plenoptic sensor uses passive triangulation and works best on textured, diffusely reflecting surfaces. We propose models to describe the measurement uncertainties of the sensors for specularly to diffusely reflecting surfaces under consideration of typical disturbances like ambient light or vibration. The predicted measurement uncertainties of both sensors can be used to obtain optimized measurements uncertainties for varying surface properties on the basis of a combined sensor system. The models are validated exemplarily based on real measurements.
Attitudes Towards Environmental and Agronomic Benefits of Pulses Among Canadian University Students
Authors: Masuda Kristie
Published: September 2018

An increase in the production and consumption of pulse crops has the potential to improve soil health, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate climate change. University students in Canada were surveyed to reveal attitudes and opinions towards the environmental and agronomic benefits of pulse production and consumption in an attempt to determine motivations towards pulse consumption. Results indicated that participants would be more likely to consume pulses because they reduce greenhouse gases (67%), improve soil health and reduce the need for fertilisers (71%), and contribute to sustainable agriculture (71%).
Effects of Ametryn on Microbial Activity in Soil with Biofertilizer Addition
Authors: Régo Ana Paula Justiniano , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Coneglian Cassiana Maria Reganhan , Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz
Published: September 2018

In recent years, pesticide application has increased worldwide due to the need for increased food production. In this way, understanding of the effects that these xenobiotic molecules can result in the soil microbiota becomes fundamental. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate microbial enzymatic activity by FDA, as well as quantify bacteria and fungi contaminated soil by ametryn herbicide. In addition, biofertilizer was added as a form of microbial biostimulation in order to cause enrichment of the affected site. The ametryn herbicide was chosen because it is widely used in sugarcane crops in Brazil, in the control of weeds, and is moderately persistent in the environment. It can be evaluated that the biofertilizer was fundamental in increasing the microbial activity of the soil, even in the presence of ametryn, probably contributing to its biodegradation. The estimation of the enzymatic activity by FDA, was essential for the evaluation of the increase of the microbial action, contributing to the verification of the active microbiota in the soil. It is suggested the application of biofertilizer in soils contaminated by ametryn, as a way to mitigate affected sites.
Making Sense of Digital Game-Based Learning: A Learning Theory-Based Typology Useful for Teachers
Authors: Wu Min Lun
Published: September 2018

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has gained traction on various educational levels in recent years as educators continue to seek best practices and researchers keep conducting studies to investigate the affordances and constraints of such technology-mediated instruction. This paper discusses the intersections between the historical development of educational digital games and contemporary theories of learning. Resultant from the review, a typology of educational digital games consisting of four genres -- edutainment and educational game applications, serious games, commercial off the shelf and massive multiplayer online role-playing games, and educational game design tools--is devised to help teachers interested in digital games better understand the pedagogical processes and cope with challenges involved in implementing DGBL. The paper concludes with the importance that the implementation of different genres of educational digital games in instruction entails teachers’ usage of different pedagogical strategies in accordance with the chosen game genre and opportunities to teach subject area content.
The Factors that are Dictating the Buyer Supplier Relationship in the Retail Market
Authors: Asghar Saba
Published: September 2018

Healthy relationship among the buyer and supplier is the only way to remain competitive in the incentive market. It is the only way to retain the business and the customers. If buyer and supplier are not having this partnership then they might not be enjoying the best outcomes.The objective of this thesis is to examine the core factors that dictate buyer (Super Market) and Supplier (Distributor) relationship in retail industry. In this research, aspects has been studied that could have affected or affects the relationship of buyer & supplier in positive or negative manner. The research has covered the retail market and will be dictating the key aspects of maintaining the healthy buyer and supplier relationships. This will be helping the retail owners and retail brands to gain the competitive edge from others and always remain ahead. This research will help both the stakeholders of this industry to maintain healthy relationships between them and indicates them that what the issues that create problems between them are.The thesis employed an empirical approach designed in three stages; aggregate and firm level analysis using official data, firm level analysis using survey and finally case studies aimed at providing deeper insights into the underlying issues observed in the survey findings. Three literature strands were adopted: spillover, cluster and network dynamics.
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: A rare adverse reaction of atorvastatin
Authors: Xu Jack , Verga Steven , Stoll Jonathan , Pioppo Lauren , Shanahan Eileen , Khan Wajahat
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Statins have been shown to effectively prevent both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by inhibiting the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. Pulmonary complications are very rare, and can include pneumonitis, pleural effusion, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). There have been very few previously documented cases of statin-induced fibrotic NSIP.Case report: We present a female with a history of hyperlipidemia on atorvastatin who presented with shortness of breath. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed interstitial infiltrates with bilateral ground-glass opacities. She underwent a surgical lung biopsy which showed uniform fibrous alveolar septal thickening, scattered collections of alveolar macrophages and inflammation, along with areas of fibrosis. The findings were most suggestive of fibrotic NSIP. Atorvastatin was stopped and she was started on mycophenolic acid with improvement of her symptoms.Discussion: Although rare, the clinician should be aware of possible pulmonary complications of statin therapy. The exact mechanism of injury is unclear, however immunological or toxicological mechanisms are implicated. One case series of statin induced interstitial lung disease showed some improvement of dyspnea with systemic glucocorticoids and termination of statin therapy. Statins, specifically pravastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin have been associated with drug induced pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease.
Impact of epileptic patient's knowledge level on their quality of life
Authors: Mohsen Sahar A. Abd-El , Ahmed Nagwa M.
Published: September 2018

Background and objective: Inadequate epileptic patient’s knowledge regarding their disorder may affect the quality of their life. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of epileptic patient’s knowledge on the quality of their life.Methods: Research design: a descriptive study was conducted in the period from February to April 2017 to determine the impact of epileptic patient's knowledge on the quality of their life. Setting; this study was carried out in the neurology department and neurology outpatient clinic of Assiut Neurology University Hospital. Patients; a sample of sixty epileptic male and female patients, with an age range between 18 to 65 years was included. Two tools were used: Tool I: Structured patient interview questionnaire sheet and it included two parts: Part one: Sociodemographic data about of the studied patients, Part two: knowledge assessment regarding their disorder using Epilepsy Patient Knowledge Questionnaire (EPKQ). Tool II: Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE 31).Results: The highest percentage of the studied sample was male, married, their mean age was 38.97 ± 11.21, and their duration of epilepsy was 16.82 ± 9.7. 58.3% were having satisfactory level of knowledge regarding their condition.Conclusions and recommendation: The present study concluded that: epileptic patients are lacking knowledge regarding their condition (58.3% vs. 41.7%). There was No significant correlation between total QOL and score of knowledge. Recommendation: A self-management program is needed for patients with epilepsy in order to improve their knowledge regarding their disease.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement and Labral Tears in Patients Younger than 50 Years: Minimum Five-year Outcomes, Survivorship, and Risk Factors for Reoperations
Authors: Perets Itay , Chaharbakhshi Edwin O. , Shapira Jackob , Ashberg Lyall , Mu Brian H. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

There is a paucity of literature on mid-term outcomes for hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria were age at surgery <50 years and documented preoperative patient-reported outcomes. Patients with a Tönnis grade >0 or previous ipsilateral hip conditions were excluded.

Results:

Of 407 eligible cases, 327 hips (295 patients) had minimum 5-year follow-up. Mean age was 32.4 years. All mean patient-reported outcomes and visual analog scale improved at follow-up (P< 0.001). Mean satisfaction was 7.9. Thirty-eight hips (11.6%) required secondary arthroscopy at a mean of 25.1 months. Survivorship at minimum 5 years was 92.4%. The complication rate was 7.0%.

Conclusions:

Hip arthroscopy for management of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears in patients aged <50 demonstrates favorable and safe mid-term outcomes. Several risk factors for conversion to total hip arthroplasty in this age group warrant cautious patient selection for arthroscopy.
Types of Vignettes and Ethical Decision-Making among Business Education Students
Authors: Mary Oluoch Prisca , Amollo Odundo Paul , Mwangi John , Richard Oyier Charles
Published: September 2018

Learner-centered experiential approaches such as adoption of vignettes focus on practical experiences and applications in teaching business ethics. Vignettes of different types provide scenarios of events that are logical in order to help learners develop an ethical sensitivity that would influence their decision-making skill. This study focused on adoption of narrative, illustrations, repertoires, documentaries or scripts used as instructional resources for instilling ethical sensitivity among business education students. The study adopted contingency framework for ethical decision-making and targeted 102 year-three business education students at University of Nairobi. Through random sampling 58 students provided information, which was descriptively analysed. Study findings indicated that 93.6% business education students agreed that narratives, 81.8% illustration, 78.6% repertoire, 90.9% documentaries and 97.0% scripts enhance decision-making. The study recommended that teachers be advised to adopted different types of vignettes in teaching, schools provide budgetary allocation for vignettes production and further research on to establish how much vignettes have been used in schools for business studies.
Effect of Solvent on Catalysis of Protease Adsorbed on Biochar in Organic Media
Authors: Noritomi Hidetaka
Published: September 2018

We have found that the adsorption immobilization of the serine protease α-chymotrypsin (Alpha-CT) onto bamboo charcoal powder (BCP), which is a kind of biochar, improves the transesterification rate of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (N-Ac-Tyr-OEt) with n-butanol (BuOH) in 9 organic solvents. Organic solvents strongly affected the catalysis of BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT. The transesterification rate of BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT was much superior to that of free Alpha-CT in every organic solvent. Especially, the transesterification rate of BCP-adsorbed Alpha-CT was about 760 times higher than that of free α-CT in n-butyl acetate.
Simulation research of driveability of the ECO electric car
Authors: Kozłowski Maciej , Choromański Włodzimierz
Published: September 2018

The paper presents simulation research results of electric car motion processes with special functionality and construction facilitating its use by the disabled. The model of the structure: motor car – human being – environment has been used in the research. Special attention has been paid to the issue of the, so called, driveability of the car driven by a driver with a lower limb disability who is performing this activity from the wheelchair and not the driver seat. The driveability of the car has been assessed based on the technical stability analyses for the conditions of the ”moose test” manoeuvre. The research results have been used in the process of virtual pre-prototyping finalized with the construction of a non-commercial pre-prototype of a car created within the framework of ECO Mobility project. Simulation model of a motor car mechanical systems has been constructed in MBS technology. For description of the tyred wheel, TNO Delft Tyre model has been used. In the model of a control system, the description of programmable systems of the rear wheel drive electronic differential has been included. The model of a driver and the conditions for conducting the “moose test” manoeuvre have been presented
Report from research on mutual social representations of professional probation officers for adults and their charges
Authors: Cywiński Aleksander
Published: September 2018

In reference to Serge Moscovici’s theory of social representations and using the comprehensive interview methodology by Jean-Claude Kaufmann, I have conducted an analysis of interviews with professional court probation officers for adults and their charges. Asking about the representations they have in relation to each other, I have established the content of mutual social representations of probation officers and their charges, and I have selected the following types of participants in the probative relationship: land-oriented probation officer (CAT), court-oriented probation officer (KOS), charge RIGHT, charge LEFT.
Control tasks of an adult probation officer executing a court judgments or judgments
Authors: Skręt Rafał
Published: September 2018

This study aims to present in a condensed manner task performed by an adult probation officer in the Polish criminal policy system. Due to the nature and subject of this study, special emphasis has been placed on the probation officer’s control tasks, executing criminal judgments as part of his tasks and responsibilities at the stage of enforcement proceedings.
Parry, S. (Ed.) 2017. Effective Self-Care and Resilience in Clinical Practice. Dealing with Stress, Compassion Fatigue and Burnout. London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-78450-331-4
Authors: Lindsay Margot Elizabeth Virginia
Published: September 2018

No abstract
Post-discharge follow-up assessments of frail older people in their home environment: Is it feasible?
Authors: Dreilich Martin , Boström Anne-Marie , Rydwik Elisabeth
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) assess the recruitment rate, drop-out, time to complete and acceptability of the test battery and evaluate the feasibility of follow-ups in the home environment and (2) describe the population in terms of sex, comorbidity, disability and frailty.Methods: Participants were recruited from 3 geriatric departments and were assessed before discharge and in their homes at 1 and 3 months. The assessments consisted of: medical diagnoses; medications; risk of pressure ulcers, falls, malnutrition, depression and frailty; physical function, physical activity and health-related quality of life. Data on re-admission and home service were retrieved from the county council and the participating municipalities. Feasibility was evaluated by describing the recruitment process including inclusion/exclusion criteria, the participation rate and the number of and reasons for drop-out, the acceptance of the test battery, time taken and the feasibility of performing the tests in the participants’ homes.Results: Thirty-five of 89 eligible patients agreed to participate (21 men/14 women). It took on average 70 minutes to complete the test battery at baseline and 124 minutes (including travel) at the home visits. The participants accepted the test battery. Mean age was 84 years and the women were significantly older than the men. The greatest number of the participants were regarded as frail, all had comorbidity and 77% had disability (n=27).Conclusions: It was feasible to conduct the test battery at the ward and in the participant’s home. Frailty, comorbidity and disability were present simultaneously in almost half of the participants.
Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH): Methods and public involvement survey of corresponding authors of existing online trials
Authors: Price Amy , Vasanthan Lenny , Clarke Mike , Liew Su May , Brice Anne , Burls Amanda
Published: September 2018

Background: The Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH) survey reports methods as well as researcher preferences in online trials and explores to what extent public and participant involvement in online trials occurs. This survey queried researchers’ experience in online trials and their perceived value in terms of public and patient research involvement. The preparation, consideration and publication of research involvement require the use of resources by the authors. The survey explores whether authors consider resources to be sufficient or useful to improve online trials about self-management of health.Objective: To identify the present state of public research involvement in online trials concerning health self-management and to explore the needs of researchers when contemplating the building and writing up an online trials protocol.Methods: The ORCID database of online trials was used to survey corresponding authors concerning trial methods and preferences including the frequency, format and quality of citizen involvement in online trials about health self-management.Results: Blended trials were reported as online trials. Remote recruitment and communications were less common than local recruitment even when participants signed up online. Research volunteers helped more with recruitment and as advisors than with trial design, analysis, or outcome setting. Forty-seven percent of corresponding authors report that an online trial was the best way of answering their research question.Conclusions: Detailed reporting of online methods and volunteer researcher involvement was hindered by role confusion between research volunteers and trial participants. Respondents were responsive to the development of protocol and reporting suggestions, but were not in favor of adopting complex new frameworks that require extensive time, training, space and funding.
Travelling at a hundred miles an hour and not being able to get off: Examining a patient’s journey from medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Leung Kelvin , Odeyale Foluke , Udo Itoro
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To understand a patient’s experience of treatment and recovery from medically unexplained tremors affecting hand and neck. The patient attended a Liaison Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic.Method: A case study using interview method focusing on the nature and severity of illness; effects of symptoms; expectations of treatment; changes observed and the patient’s expectation of services.Results: The patient was “extremely” stressed about his symptoms and “apprehensive” about attending mental health services. He experienced resolution of physical symptoms and improvements in mental wellbeing. Mental health treatment comprised medications and psychological therapies.Conclusions: Persons experiencing medically unexplained symptoms deserve positive experiences of well-funded specialist healthcare.
The Tree of Wisdom: Maintaining epistemological health within an (emerging) evidence-free environment
Authors: Wyer Peter
Published: September 2018

Mounting concerns regarding the corruption of the clinical research enterprise by the pharmaceutical industry, as well as demonstrations of the inappropriateness of traditional research designs and consequent clinical guidelines to direct application to patient care, have led to challenges to the integrity of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement. However, the emerging crisis of confidence in clinical research should be seen as a threat to the viability of the entire healthcare system, not simply to EBM. Efforts of the EBM movement to represent itself as the brokers and mediators of the clinical research-healthcare interface are impediments to a full appreciation of the dilemma. Recognizing the implications of contrasting epistemological stances regarding the relationship of clinical research findings to healthcare policy and practice is essential to maximizing the value of research to the healthcare system. A synergy between empiricism-rationalism epistemologies, particularly conspicuous within the EBM movement, is identified as an important philosophical barrier to achievement of this goal. The notion of an evolutionary hierarchy of knowledge and wisdom is proposed as a vehicle to demonstrate a social constructivist alternative to a dualistic epistemology. Contrasting examples of social constructivist and empiricist-rationalist descriptions of integration of research with healthcare practice are provided for purposes of illustration.
Explorer l’expérience de shopping dans un magasin phygital
Authors: Rivet Christian , Reghem Julie , Fornerino Marianela
Published: September 2018

Cette étude présente une première exploration de l’expérience de shopping dans un magasin phygital. L’objectif est d’identifier les fonctions des dispositifs numériques et physiques et leur impact sur les dimensions et caractéristiques de l’expérience. L’étude s’est déroulée dans un magasin-laboratoire simulant le magasin du futur. À partir de plusieurs focus groups , les résultats montrent que l’expérience de shopping comporte la phase d’anticipation et de choix des produits proposés dans le magasin et la phase de consommation proprement dite du service de distribution. Les dispositifs digitaux, physiques et phygitaux contribuent par leurs fonctions aux quatre dimensions de l’expérience de consommation identifiées dans la littérature. Les résultats montrent également que l’expérience se déroule d’une façon continue : le passage du digital au physique, ou du physique au digital, est fluide et rapide à tel point que les participants ont évoqué parfois une confusion entre le virtuel et le réel.
Évolution numérique des points de vente par la borne interactive : quels impacts sur l’imagerie mentale, l’expérience de magasinage et la valeur de magasinage ?
Authors: Lao Aurély , Vlad Mariana
Published: September 2018

Cet article mobilise le cadre théorique de l’imagerie mentale, de l’expérience et de la valeur de magasinage pour analyser l’influence de l’utilisation d’une borne interactive sur ces trois concepts. L’étude qualitative menée auprès de 43 consommateurs relève une modification de l’ensemble des dimensions de l’expérience, notamment les dimensions temporelle et cognitive. Ces dimensions fortement liées à l’imagerie mentale, impactent la valeur de magasinage utilitaire, hédonique, sociale, l’excellence des services et dans une moindre mesure l’esthétique des points de vente. Sur le plan managérial, des éléments de réflexion sont apportés aux enseignes qui souhaitent accompagner la digitalisation de leur(s) magasin(s).
Evaluation of Speeding and Behaviour of Drivers in Roadwork Zones
Authors: Čygas Donatas , Skrodenis Dovydas , Paškauskas Aivaras , Sušinskaitė Živilė , Žalimienė Laura
Published: September 2018

Due to the increased traffic flow, more and more roadwork zones are formed in highways. Accidents are a significant problem in all European countries in roadwork zones while noncompliance with speed limits is one of the major safety concerns. Therefore roadwork zones are critical places from the point of traffic safety view where the possibility to get into an accident is increased. Roadwork zones introduce deviations from regular travel situations, and appropriate speed is needed to assure that the driver navigates safely through the roadwork zone. This research focuses on speed measurement in road work zones and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of safety measures on speed limit compliance.
The draft genome of strain cCpun from biting midges establishes Cardinium as a paraphyletic group, and reveals a novel gene family expansion in a symbiont
Authors: Siozios Stefanos , Pilgrim Jack , Darby Alistair C , Baylis Matthew , Hurst Gregory DD
Published: September 2018

Background: It is estimated that 13% of arthropod species carry the heritable symbiont Cardinium hertigii. 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence divides this species into three clades, with the A group infecting a range of arthropods, the B group infecting nematode worms, and the C group infecting Culicoides biting midges. To date, genome sequence has only been available for strains from clade A and B, impeding general understanding of the evolutionary history of the radiation. We present a draft genome sequence for a C group Cardinium, motivated both by the paucity of genomic information outside of the A group, and the importance of Culicoides biting midge hosts as arbovirus vectors.

Methods: We reconstructed the genome of cCpun, a Cardinium strain from group C that naturally infects Culicoides punctatus, through Illumina sequencing of infected host specimens.

Results: The draft genome presented has high completeness, with BUSCO scores comparable to closed group A Cardinium genomes. Phylogenomic analysis based on concatenated single copy core proteins revealed that Cardinium, as currently considered, is paraphyletic, with strains of Ca. Paenicardinium endoni from nematodes nested within the two groups infecting arthropod hosts. Analysis of the genome of cCpun revealed expansion of a variety of gene families classically considered important in symbiosis (e.g. ankyrin domain containing genes), and one set – characterized by DUF1703 domains – not previously associated with symbiotic lifestyle. This protein group encodes putative secreted nucleases, and the cCpun genome carried at least 25 widely divergent paralogs, of which 24 had a common ancestor in the C group ancestor. The genome revealed no evidence in support of B vitamin provisioning to its haematophagous host, and indeed suggests Cardinium may be a net importer of biotin.

Discussion: These data indicate Cardinium, as currently conceived, to be paraphyletic. The draft genome further produces new hypotheses as to the interaction of the symbiont with the midge host, in particular the biological role of DUF1703 nuclease proteins that are predicted as being secreted by cCpun, but in contrast provides no support for a role for the symbiont in provisioning the host with B vitamins.
New mud dragons from Svalbard: three new species ofCristaphyesand the first Arctic species ofPycnophyes(Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae)
Authors: Sørensen Martin Vinther , Grzelak Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

Background

Kinorhynchs are marine, microscopic invertebrates inhabiting the seafloors. Their segmented trunk equipped with spines and processes has inspired scientists to give them the common name “mud dragons.” Even though kinorhynchs have been known since the 19th century, less than 300 species are known to science, and it is still considered a largely understudied animal group—in particular in the Arctic, from which only 23 species are known so far.

Methods

Samples were collected at eight stations around Svalbard and in the fjords of Spitsbergen. Meiofauna was extracted from the sediment cores with LUDOX centrifugation method, and kinorhynchs were picked up and mounted for light- and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Four new species of the kinorhynch family Pycnophyidae are described from Svalbard:Cristaphyes dordaidelosensissp. nov.,C. glaurungsp. nov.,C. scathasp. nov., andPycnophyes ancalagonsp. nov. The new species are generally recognized by their distribution of setae along the trunk segments.

Discussion

After the discovery of the new species, Pycnophyidae becomes with 14 species the most diverse kinorhynch genus in the Arctic, closely followed by Echinoderidae with 13 species. So far, these are the only kinorhynch families with an Arctic distribution.
РОЛЬ ТЕСТА GENEXPERT MTB/RIF В ПОВЫШЕНИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ВПЕРВЫЕ ВЫЯВЛЕННЫМ МЛУ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ В СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОМ КРАЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Чумакова Елена Сергеевна , Комиссарова Оксана Геннадьевна , Абдуллаев Ризван Юсифович , Одинец Василий Спиридонович
Published: September 2018

Под нашим наблюдением находился 261 больной с различными клиническими формами впервые выявленного МЛУ туберкулеза легких, которые были разделены на 2 группы. В первую группу вошли 164 больных, у которых при пос­туплении в стационар методом GeneXpert MTB/RIF определялась устойчивость МБТ к рифампицину. Лечение этой группы больных исходно проводилось по 4 режиму химиотерапии (пиразинамид, канамицин /амикацин /капреомицин, левофлоксацин, циклосерин/теризидон, протионамид, ПАСК). Во вторую группу включили 97 больных, у которых МЛУ МБТ диагностировалась методом посева мокроты на плотные питательные среды. До получения данных лекарственной устойчивости МБТ этим больным назначали лечение по 1 стандартному режиму химиотерапии (изониазид, рифампицин, пиразинамид, этамбутол). После получения данных о МЛУ МБТ (через 2-3 месяца лечения) проводили коррекцию лечения с переходом на 4 режим ХТ. Было установлено, что впервые выявленный МЛУ ТБ легких в ­Ставропольском крае чаще выявляется у мужчин в виде инфильтративного туберкулеза, характеризуется наличием бактериовыделения и полостей распада в легочной ткани размером до 2 см. Эффективность лечения пациентов впервые выявленным МЛУ туберкулезом легких в Ставропольском крае по прекращению бактериовыделения методом посева мокроты через 3 и 6 месяца лечения, а также по закрытию полостей распада через 6 месяцев лечения в группе больных, изначально лечившихся 4 режимом химиотерапии, была достоверно выше по сравнению с пациентами, исходно леченными 1, а затем 4 режимом химиотерапии.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОКАЗАНИЯ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОЙ ПОМОЩИ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИ РАЗВИВАЮЩЕМСЯ РЕГИОНЕ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Лапшина Ирина Сергеевна , Мякишева Татьяна Владимировна
Published: September 2018

В представленной статье авторами проанализирована эффективность противотуберкулезной работы в экономически развивающемся регионе на примере Калужской области. Рассмотрены основные показатели эффективности лечения: клиническое излечение от туберкулеза и абациллирование больных туберкулезом. В статье проведено статистическое сравнение указанных показателей в 2 группах районов, разделенных в соответствии с их социально-экономическим развитием. На основании проведенного анализа сделан вывод, что клиническое излечение от туберкулеза и абациллирование больных туберкулезом не зависят от уровня экономического развития в регионе. Затем авторами проведен анализ в 2 когортах больных, в которых изучены исходы основного курса химиотерапии (эффективный курс, неэффективный курс, смерть от туберкулеза, смерть от других причин, выбыл во время лечения, прервал лечение, перерегистрация с МЛУ) и результаты диспансерного наблюдения в течение 2 лет (клиническое излечение (перевод в III ГДУ), смерть от туберкулеза за время наблюдения, смерть от других причин, продолжает лечение, выбыл, прервал, рецидив). Установлены значимые различия по исходам основного курса химиотерапии у больных туберкулезом и эффективности диспансерного наблюдения после реформирования фтизиатрической службы. При сравнении частоты исходов основного курса лечения в Калужской области в когортах 2010 и 2014 гг. было выявлено, что в 2014 году, по сравнению с 2010 годом, чаще наблюдалось выбывание пациентов во время лечения ( 2 = 4,25 при р = 0,039), а также чаще происходила перерегистрация с МЛУ ( 2 = 4,18 при р = 0,041). В ходе анализа эффективности диспансерного наблюдения за больными в течение 2 лет в двух когортах больных установлено, что в когорте больных туберкулезом 2014 года, по сравнению с когортой 2010 года, чаще наблюдался перевод в III группу ( 2 = 8,78 при р = 0,003), а в когорте 2010 года чаще наблюдалась смерть пациентов от других причин ( 2 = 9,14 при р = 0,003).
ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКА ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА. ПРОБЛЕМЫ МОНИТОРИНГА И ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ПОСЛЕ ВАКЦИНАЦИИ БЦЖ/БЦЖ-М НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Аксенова Валентина Александровна , Севостьянова Татьяна Александровна
Published: September 2018

Мониторинг осложнений после иммунизации вакциной БЦЖ или БЦЖ-М должен решать задачи эпидемиологического надзора, периодической оценки оправданности массовой иммунизации детей, оперативного реагирования на появление реактогенных серий вакцины и изъятие их из употребления, выявления дефектов иммунизации, проведения прикладных научных исследований с целью уточнения показаний и противопоказаний к проведению иммунизации, контроля адекватности и результативности оказания медицинской помощи детям с осложнениями после иммунизации. Решение указанных задач осложняется отсроченным возникновением большинства осложнений после иммунизации вакциной БЦЖ, неполнотой информации о выявленных осложнениях на федеральном уровне. Целью исследования было определение подходов к мониторингу осложнений после иммунизации вакциной БЦЖ или БЦЖ-М, позволяющих рассчитать ожидаемую частоту осложнений после иммунизации, и провести анализ эпидемической ситуации по осложнениям после иммунизации. При проведении исследования использовали информацию форм федерального статистического наблюдения №№ 5, 33, а также сведения из Регистра осложнений после иммунизации вакциной БЦЖ или БЦЖ-М, содержащего информацию о 37,1% случаев осложнений. Была разработана математическая модель, учитывающая вероятность того, что фактически зарегистрированные осложнения после иммунизации относятся к тому или иному году, в котором была проведена иммунизация, а также модель, учитывающая такую вероятность для различных клинических форм осложнений. В результате моделирования установлено, что начиная с 2010 года, отмечается снижение ожидаемой частоты осложнений после иммунизации (Fonina E.V., Vundtsettel’ N.N.) с уровня 35,3-31,5 на 100 000 иммунизированных в 2005-2009 гг. до 11,2 в 2013 г. При картографическом анализе усредненного за 9 лет показателя ожидаемой частоты осложнений после иммунизации, не было выявлено явной географической или климатической зависимости частоты осложнений, однако установлено, что частота осложнений существенно различается в разных субъектах Российской Федерации, 75% квартиль усредненной ожидаемой частоты осложнений в 3,3 раза больше 25% квартиля. Это может быть обусловлено нечетко обозначенными критериями диагноза осложнения после иммунизации вакциной БЦЖ, подлежащего регистрации и диспансерному наблюдению, а также различиями подходов при выявлении осложнений. Корреляции между частотой осложнений после иммунизации и заболеваемостью туберкулезом детей в возрасте 0-14 лет выявлено не было (r = 0). Рассчитана ожидаемая частота различных клинических форм осложнений, которая составила для местных осложнений 8,6 на 100 000 иммунизированных, лимфаденитов - 15,5 на 100 000 иммунизированных, БЦЖ-оститов - 3,5 на 100 000 иммунизированных.
ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ У ПОДРОСТКОВ - ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ, МЕТОДЫ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Александрова Елена Николаевна , Морозова Татьяна Ивановна , Отпущенникова Ольга Николаевна -
Published: September 2018

Изучены эпидемиологические показатели по туберкулезу (заболеваемость, распространенность, смертность) среди подростков, методы выявления и клинические формы туберкулеза у лиц 15-17-летнего возраста в Саратовской области. За пятилетний период наблюдения (2013-2017 гг.) показатель заболеваемости подростков снизился в 2,3 раза (с 24,0 до 10,6 на 100 000 населения), показатель распространенности туберкулеза - в 2,3 раза (с 38,1 до 16,6 на 100 000 населения). Улучшение эпидемиологических показателей обусловлено высоким уровнем работы по раннему выявлению туберкулеза у лиц данной возрастной группы, что подтверждается «активным» выявлением заболевания в 83,3% случаев. При этом диагностика туберкулеза у подростков методом контрольных флюорографических обследований оказалась в 5 раз выше, чем при постановке иммунологических проб. При верификации диагноза каждый второй подросток прошел через диагностическую (0) группу диспансерного учета. В структуре клинических форм туберкулеза преобладали вторичные формы (93,0%), процессы первичного периода наблюдались у 4,2% подростков, внелегочные локализации диагностировались у 2,8% пациентов.
Clinical application of advanced MR methods in children: points to consider
Authors: Wilke Marko , Groeschel Samuel , Lorenzen Anna , Rona Sabine , Schuhmann Martin U. , Ernemann Ulrike , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg
Published: September 2018

The application of both functional MRI and diffusion MR tractography prior to a neurosurgical operation is well established in adults, but less so in children, for several reasons. For this review, we have identified several aspects (task design, subject preparation, actual scanning session, data processing, interpretation of results, and decision‐making) where pediatric peculiarities should be taken into account. Further, we not only systematically identify common issues, but also provide solutions, based on our experience as well as a review of the pertinent literature. The aim is to provide the clinician as well as the imaging scientist with information that helps to plan, conduct, and interpret such a clinically‐indicated exam in a way that maximizes benefit for, and minimizes the burden on the individual child.
Efficient Conduction in Thin Film Transistors Consisting of Colloidal Nanocrystals: Effect of Nanocrystal Geometry
Authors: Wee Hansol , Yu Ji Woong , Ryu Ji Ho , Ghosh Abhijit , Lee Won Bo
Published: September 2018

Conducting nanocrystals (NCs) are effective components of thin film electronic devices. Devices consisting of spherical nanocrystals have been proven to be suitable components of such devices owing to their easy dispersity. However, complex geometries of the NCs and suitably controlled dispersion can facilitate large scale synthesis by reducing the requisite density of nanocrystals at the threshold of conduction. Here, simulation results are reported exploring different NC geometries. The results show that the conduction threshold is lowered depending on the complexity of the NC geometry. The effective interaction between the NCs is quantified by measuring the structure factor. The results are interesting from the synthesis point of view.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiophene‐Endcapped 3,7‐Diphenyl Dipyrrolo[2,3‐b : 2′,3′‐e]pyrazine‐2,6(1H,5H)‐diones as Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Materials for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gangala Sivakumar , Bharath Dyaga , Rao Vaidya Jayathirtha
Published: September 2018

Four conjugated small molecules (2TPzDP, 3TPzDP, 2TTPzDP, and 3TTPzDP) were synthesized consisting of a 3,7‐diphenyldipyrrolo[2,3‐b : 2′,3′‐e]pyrazine‐2,6(1H,5H)‐dione core end‐capped with either 2‐alkylthiophene (2T), 3‐alkylthiophene (3T), 2‐alkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (2TT) or 3‐alkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (3TT). All the compounds exhibited two absorption bands, one in the ultraviolet (λmax=307–347 nm) and other in the visible (λmax=582–631 nm) region. The HOMO/LUMO values for 2TPzDP, 3TPzDP, 2TTPzDP, and 3TTPzPDP were measured as −5.68/−3.97, −5.67/−3.97, −5.49/−4.01, and −5.45/−3.99 eV, respectively, which are well matched with regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) (−5.0/−3.0 eV) to act as n‐type semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. Fluorescence quenching experiments revealed an eﬃcient charge transfer between the donor material P3HT and the synthesized acceptor molecules. The Td values of all the four compounds are in the range of 355–391 °C representing their good thermal stability. These properties evaluated are found to be excellent for the fabrication of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using P3HT.
Room‐Temperature Linear Light Upconversion in a Mononuclear Erbium Molecular Complex
Authors: Golesorkhi Bahman , Nozary Homayoun , Guénée Laure , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Piguet Claude
Published: September 2018

To date, the piling up of successive photons of low energies (near infrared; NIR) using a single lanthanide center and linear optics to ultimately produce upconverted visible emission was restricted to low‐phonon solid materials and nanoparticles. Now we show that the tight helical wrapping of three terdentate N‐donor ligands around a single nine‐coordinate trivalent erbium cation provides favorable conditions for a mononuclear molecular complex to exhibit unprecedented related upconverted emission. Low power NIR laser excitations into the metal‐centered transitions Er(4I11/2←4I15/2) at 801 nm or Er(4I13/2←4I15/2) at 966 nm result in upconverted blue–green emissions, where two or three photons respectively are successively absorbed by a molecular lanthanide complex possessing high‐energy vibrations.
A Catalytic Cross‐Olefination of Diazo Compounds with Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Neuhaus James D. , Bauer Adriano , Pinto Alexandre , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2018

A ruthenium‐catalysed cross‐olefination of diazo compounds and sulfoxonium ylides is presented. Our reaction design exploits the intrinsic difference in reactivity of diazo compounds and sulfoxonium ylides as both carbene precursors and nucleophiles, which results in a highly selective reaction.
Dynamic viscoelasticity of PUF under small strain and prediction of dynamic viscoelasticity in a wide frequency range
Authors: You Gexin , Wang Wenchao , Mei Shuqin , Zhou Xiuwen
Published: September 2018

The dynamic viscoelasticity of polyurethane fiber (PUF) under small strain was studied with dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and its viscoelasticity was predicted in a wide frequency range. The results revealed that the loss factor (tan δ) was about 0.05 and the phase angle (δ) was 2.86°, very close to the δ of a perfect elastomer in the range from −100°C to −80°C. The master curves superimposed by time‐temperature superposition (TTS), the frequency range of the storage modulus master curve spanned 17 orders of magnitude from 10−7 Hz to 1010 Hz, and the loss modulus master curve spanned 13 orders of magnitude from 10−3 Hz to 1010 Hz. The apparent activation energy of the soft segment relaxation decreased with increasing temperature in the range from −70 to −26°C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47070.