bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of an Information and Measuring Protection System against Arc and Partial Discharges in Complete Switchgears of Substations
Authors: Frolov K. V.
Published: July 2024

In the article, the author considers the development and description of the principle of operation of an information and measuring protection system against arc and partial discharges in complete switchgears of electrical substations. The data acquisition by the information and measurement system is carried out on the basis of the acoustic method, followed by analysis and decision-making on disconnecting the power supply circuits when a pre-emergency condition of electrical equipment is detected. A block diagram of an information and measurement system and a schematic diagram of an acoustic sensor are presented. The criteria characterizing the technical condition of the control panel are defined. A method of protection against arc and partial discharges by recording and processing an acoustic signal is proposed.
Batch-Layered Method for Transforming Measurement Data
Authors: Komkov V. V. , Konopelko G. K. , Levenets A. V.
Published: July 2024

The article proposes a method for preprocessing measurement data that transforms a set of source data samples into a formally unrelated data set formed from bits of different initial data samples. The results of the study are presented, showing that the proposed method allows to increase the overall orderliness of the generated set of sam-ples and, as a consequence, leads to an increase in the efficiency of their compression.
MOBILE ROBOT TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON MACHINE VISION AND LASER RADAR
Authors: Binggao He , Caitian Fan , Xinbei Mu , Rui Wang
Published: July 2024

The proposed solution addresses the issue of insufficient real-time performance and accuracy in mobile robot path tracking by introducing a system that combines machine vision and laser radar. In this study, the Broadcom BCM2711 microcontroller chip is connected to the RS232 communication interface for transmitting information to the ARM embedded processor. Users can access position distance, direction, and other robot-related data through the man-machine interface's LCD display in a Windows operating system environment. By initiating an adaptive position tracking algorithm program identified by the robot within the position tracking unit, mobile position tracking of the robot is achieved. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both real-time performance and accuracy of this mobile robot tracking system.
Measuring Systems with Power Supply to the Transmitting Part from the Receiving Part
Authors: Kirin I. G.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In the article, the author presents the results of an analysis of the metrological parameters of optoelectronic measuring systems with power supply to the transmitting parts from the receiving parts through separate and combined channels for transmitting information and energy. It is shown that circuits with separate channels for transmitting information and energy do not deteriorate the metrological characteristics of the information-measuring measuring system and do not impose any restrictions on the structure of its transmitting part associated with its energy consumption. For circuits with combined channels, with phase or spectral channel multiplexing methods, due to the mutual influence of optical radiation transmitting energy and information on each other, a deterioration in the signal-to-noise ratio of the information-measuring part of the sensor occurs due to the effects of continuum generation and stimulated Raman scattering only in in case where the optical radiation power is significant. If the compaction of the channels is temporary, the mutual influence of the channels can be neglected.
Choked Precessing Jets in Tidal Disruption Events and High-energy Neutrinos
Authors: Yang Qi-Rui , Zheng Jian-He , Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: July 2024

It has been suggested that relativistic jets might have been commonly formed in tidal disruption events (TDEs), but those with relatively weak power could be choked by the surrounding envelope. The discovery of high-energy neutrinos possibly associated with some normal TDEs may support this picture in the hypothesis that the neutrinos are produced by choked jets. Recently, it was noted that disrupted stars generally have misaligned orbits with respect to the supermassive black hole spin axis, and highly misaligned precessing jets are more likely to be choked. Here we revisit the jet breakout condition for misaligned precessing jets by considering that the jet could be collimated by the cocoon pressure while propagating in the disk wind envelope. The jet head opening angle decreases as the jet propagates in the envelope, but the minimum power of a successful jet remains unchanged in terms of the physical jet power. We further calculate the neutrino flux from choked precessing jets, assuming that the cocoon energy does not exceed the kinetic energy of the disk wind. We find that neutrino flux from highly misaligned choked jets is sufficient to explain the neutrinos from AT2019aalc, while it is marginal to explain the neutrinos from AT2019dsg and AT2019fdr. The latter could be produced by weakly misaligned choked jets, since the duty cycle that the jet sweeps across increases as the misaligned angle decreases. We also show that the population of choked TDE jets could contribute to ∼10% of the observed diffuse neutrino flux measured by IceCube.
Discovery of a Dusty Yellow Supergiant Progenitor for the Type IIb SN 2017gkk
Authors: Niu Zexi , Sun Ning-Chen , Liu Jifeng
Published: July 2024

Type IIb supernovae are an important subclass of stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe), which show H lines only at early times. Their progenitors are believed to contain a low-mass H envelope before explosion. This work reports the discovery of a progenitor candidate in preexplosion Hubble Space Telescope images for the Type IIb SN 2017gkk. With detailed analysis of its spectral energy distribution and local environment, we suggest that the progenitor is most likely a yellow supergiant with significant circumstellar extinction and has an initial mass of about 16 M
⊙, effective temperature log(T
eff/K) = 3.72 ± 0.08, and luminosity log(L/L
⊙) = 5.17 ± 0.04. This progenitor is not massive enough to strip envelope through stellar wind, and it supports an interacting binary progenitor channel and adds to the growing list of direct progenitor detections for Type IIb SNe. Future late-time observations will confirm whether this progenitor candidate has disappeared and reveal the putative binary companion that has survived the explosion.
Stenoxylita quadrifasciata sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Melandryidae) from Guizhou, southwest China
Authors: Dang Anzhi , Yang Shulin
Published: July 2024

The genus Stenoxylita Nomura, 1959 (Coleoptera, Melandryidae) currently contains two species, Stenoxylita trialbofasciata (Hayashi & Katö, 1956) from Japan and Shaanxi, China (Konvička 2015) and Stenoxylita sasajii Toyoshima, 2001 from North Vietnam. We discovered a new species of the genus from the Mountain Leigong of Guizhou Province, China.

A new species, Stenoxylita quadrifasciata sp. nov., is described from Mountain Leigong, Leishan County, Guizhou Province of southwest China. It is the third species of this genus and the second species of this genus from mainland China.
The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) Celebrates Its 20th Anniversary
Authors: Gladman Dafna D. , Helliwell Philip S. , Mease Philip J.
Published: July 2024

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) started in August 2003 with 40 initial participants and celebrated its 20th anniversary with 1036 members, many of whom attended the annual meeting in Dublin, Ireland, on July 15 to 17, 2023. GRAPPA arose from a need experienced by psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis (PsO) investigators to meet to address questions related to psoriatic disease (PsD). Though other groups were meeting at the time to classify and discuss PsA, GRAPPA arose from a desire to include international clinical and investigational researchers of both dermatology and rheumatology. The organization has built awareness of PsO and PsA, developed and validated research assessment tools to measure clinical status and disease outcomes, published multiple treatment recommendations, supported basic and clinical research on PsD pathophysiology, fostered interactions across research fields, and educated the future generation of PsO and PsA researchers. The group continues to focus on major priorities affecting patients with PsD and will continue evolving in the next decades.
Advances in Psoriatic Disease Research: Insights From GRAPPA Pilot Research Awardees
Authors: Elliott Ashley , Gill Tejpal , Kim Jaehwan , Shutova Maria S. , FitzGerald Oliver , Pennington Stephen R. , Rooney Madeleine , Deodhar Atul , Raychaudhuri Siba P. , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , de Vlam Kurt , Chandran Vinod , Liao Wilson
Published: July 2024

Research progress from the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) pilot award program was presented and discussed at the GRAPPA 2023 annual meeting. Topics included identification of protein biomarkers associated with enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the role ofHLA-B27on gut microbial dysbiosis in PsA, single-cell profiling of synovial fluid vs psoriatic skin lesions in PsA, and the role of mechanotransduction in hyperactivation of transforming growth factor-β via αVβ6 integrin in psoriatic epidermis.
GRAPPA Debate: Targeted Small Molecules Versus Biologics as First-Line Systemic Therapy After Conventional Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis
Authors: Liao Wilson , Armstrong April W. , Duffin Kristina Callis
Published: July 2024

In this debate at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2023 annual meeting, arguments were made contrasting the first-line use of oral targeted small-molecule drugs vs biologic therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PsO) after failure of conventional therapy. Arguments in favor of small-molecule drugs included good efficacy and safety, patient preference, cost savings, global health equity, and environmental stewardship. Arguments in favor of biologics included superior efficacy, excellent safety, availability of long-term data, pediatric regulatory approvals, and potential benefit for comorbidities. By the end of the debate, there was recognition of significant pros and cons of each approach. Both small-molecule drugs and biologic therapy are valuable options for PsO treatment, and their use can be tailored toward specific individuals or healthcare systems.
Influence of Ocular Biometric Parameters on Intraocular Lens Position: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Yi Fen , Tu Rui Xue , Zhang Ying , Zhao Xiao Yu , Qu Jie , Wang Yong , Yu A-Yong
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To assess the influence of ocular biometric parameters on intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration after cataract surgery.

Methods:

Patients scheduled for cataract surgery were screened for inclusion in this prospective cohort study. Tilt and decentration of the crystalline lens and IOL were measured using the CASIA2 (Tomey). Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were preoperatively measured by the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of ocular biometric parameters on IOL tilt and decentration after cataract surgery.

Results:

In total, 191 eyes of 120 patients were included. Age was positively correlated with IOL tilt, whereas ACD and AL were negatively correlated with IOL tilt. A strong positive correlation was found between preoperative crystalline lenses and postoperative IOLs in tilt magnitude (
r
= 0.769,
P
< .001) and tilt direction (
r
= 0.688,
P
< .001). A positive correlation was found between preoperative and postoperative lens decentration magnitude and decentration direction. Greater postoperative IOL tilt and decentration were significantly associated with greater preoperative crystalline lens tilt (
P
< .001) and decentration (
P
= .027).

Conclusions:

IOL tilt was greater in older patients. Shorter AL and shallower ACD contributed to greater IOL tilt. The tilt and decentration of the IOL will be greater in patients with greater tilt and decentration of the crystalline lens.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(7):e438–e444.]
Repeatability of Automatic Measurements by an Anterior Segment Swept-Source OCT Biometer in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Abicca Irene , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Gilardi Marta , Giannini Daniela , Dinu Valentin , Coutinho Catarina , Savini Giacomo
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the repeatability of automatic measurements of a new anterior segment optical coherence tomographer (ANTERION; Heidelberg Engineering) and their agreement with an anterior segment optical coherence tomography device combined with Placido disc corneal topography (MS-39; CSO) in patients affected by keratoconus.

Methods:

Fifty-four consecutive patients were included. Three measurements were performed with the ANTERION and one with the MS-39. Repeatability was assessed by means of within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was investigated with the 95% limits of agreement. The paired
t
-test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test were performed to compare the measurements of the different devices.

Results:

Repeatability of ANTERION measurements was high, with an ICC greater than 0.98 for all parameters. Many parameters revealed a CoV of less than 1% and a CoV within 5% was obtained for astigmatism measurements. The ANTERION measured a significantly higher corneal power and the MS-39 more negative posterior keratometric values. These differences were mirrored by a moderate agreement for mean simulated keratometry and poor agreement for total corneal power and posterior keratometry.

Conclusions:

The ANTERION revealed high repeatability of automatic measurements and good agreement with the MS-39 for many parameters in patients affected by keratoconus, but for most parameters the two instruments cannot be considered interchangeable.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(7):e445–e452.]
Comparative Accuracy of Barrett Integrated Keratometry Toric Calculator With Predicted Versus Measured Posterior Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Yang Xiaotong , Yin Yufan , Wang Shuyang , Bai Xiaomei , Jiang Yuanfeng , Bu Shaochong
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To compare the prediction accuracy of the Barrett toric calculator using standard or integrated keratometry (IK) mode in combination with predicted or measured posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) in a group of patients with cataract implanted with non-toric IOLs.

Methods:

In this retrospective clinical cohort study, the medical records of patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification with the implantation of an aspheric monofocal IOL were reviewed. Four methods, including standard keratometry with predicted PCA (PPCA), IK combined with predicted PCA (IK-PPCA), and IK combined with measured PCA derived from IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) or CASIA2 (Tomey) (IK-MMPCA or IK-CMPCA), were applied to the Barrett toric calculator to calculate the predicted residual astigmatism. The mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), centroid of the prediction error, and proportion of eyes within the prediction error of ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 diopters (D) were all ciphered out from the four methods, respectively.

Results:

Data from 129 eyes of 129 patients were included in this study. The MAPE of the IK-PPCA method (0.57 ± 0.36 D) was significantly smaller than that of the PPCA (0.62 ± 0.38 D) and IK-CMPCA (0.63 ± 0.46 D) methods (
P
= .048 and .014, respectively). There were no significant differences in the centroid vectors of prediction errors and predictability rates among the four methods (all
P
> .05).

Conclusions:

In the current version of the Barrett toric calculator, the predictive accuracy of the IK mode incorporating PPCA was slightly superior to using the standard keratometry mode or incorporating MPCA.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(7):e453–e459.]
Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Bilateral Refractive Lens Exchange With a Trifocal Intraocular Lens in 5,226 Patients With Presbyopia
Authors: Llovet-Rausell Andrea , Ortega-Usobiaga Julio , Albarrán-Diego César , Beltrán-Sanz Jaime , Bilbao-Calabuig Rafael , Llovet-Osuna Fernando
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To assess visual and refractive outcomes and visual function after bilateral RayOne Trifocal toric and nontoric intraocular lens (IOL) (Rayner) implantation in patients with presbyopia.

Methods:

Charts of patients with presbyopia who underwent refractive lens exchange with bilateral implantation of the RayOne Trifocal IOL (toric and non-toric) were retrospectively reviewed. Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated at 3 months. Patient satisfaction, spectacle independence, and visual disturbance profile were assessed by questionnaires.

Results:

A total of 5,226 patients were assigned to one of two groups: 1,010 patients had toric IOL implantation (toric group) and 4,216 patients received the non-toric model (non-toric group). Mean ± standard deviation visual acuity at 3 months for the toric group was binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 0.07 ± 0.11 logMAR, monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.05 ± 0.07 logMAR, binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 40 cm of 0.10 ± 0.09 logMAR, binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 40 cm of 0.13 ± 0.12 logMAR, postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) of −0.21 ± 0.47 diopters (D), and cylinder of −0.34 ± 0.40 D. The non-toric group had binocular UDVA of 0.04 ± 0.08 logMAR, monocular CDVA of 0.05 ± 0.07 logMAR, binocular UNVA of 0.10 ± 0.08 logMAR, binocular UIVA of 0.13 ± 0.11 logMAR, SE of −0.08 ± 0.38 D, and cylinder of −0.28 ± 0.34 D. No statistically significant differences were found in achieving spectacle independence and there were high levels of satisfaction in both groups.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective analysis with more than 5,000 patients, both the toric and non-toric RayOne Trifocal IOL models provided good visual performance at all distances, resulting in excellent levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(7):e468–e479.]
Complex rhythm and synchronization of half-center oscillators under electromagnetic induction
Authors: Zhan Feibiao , Song Jian
Published: July 2024

Half-center oscillators are typical small circuits that are crucial for understanding CPG. The complex rhythms of CPG are closely related to certain diseases, such as epilepsy. This paper considered the influence of electromagnetic induction on the discharge mode of the half-center oscillators. First, we analyzed the response of individual firing neuron rhythms to electromagnetic induction when the slow-variable parameters vary. We also discussed the changes in the dynamic bifurcation structure when the intensity of electromagnetic induction varies. Furthermore, we determined the effects of mutually inhibitory and self-inhibitory synaptic parameters on the firing rhythm of the half-center oscillators. The different responses induced by electromagnetic induction interventions, showed that mutually inhibitory synapses modulate the firing rhythm weakly and self-inhibition synapses have a significant impact on firing rhythm. Finally, with the change of synaptic parameter values, the combined effects of autapse and mutually inhibitory synapses on the discharge rhythm of half-center oscillators were analyzed in symmetric and asymmetric autapse modes. It was found that the synchronous state of the half-center oscillators had a more robust electromagnetic induction response than the asynchronous state.
Looking for a “Genuine Science of Politics.” William H. Riker and the Game Theoretical Turn in Political Science
Authors: Damiani Gianluca
Published: July 2024

This article aims to show how the formal revolution in economics has influenced the developments of rational choice and game theory in political science. Our focus will be on American political scientist William H. Riker (1920-1993). We want to show how Riker used game theory and adapted it to fulfil his disciplinary agenda, contrasting the main trends in postwar American political science. Our thesis is that, in doing so, Riker stressed some aspects of the theory that differed quite sharply from postwar mathematical economics to which game theory belonged. Sections 1 and 2 describe Riker’s education and intellectual life until the late 1950s, showing how he became acquainted with game theory and how American political science as a discipline was changing in that crucial decade. Section 3 presents Riker’s main arguments in The Theory of Political Coalitions, focusing on his working through game theory to produce a suitable model of political coalition-building. Section 4 discusses some methodological aspects of Riker’s commitment to game theory and economic analysis. In particular, we aim to outline and discuss an apparent “dilemma” in his theoretical production, namely his resting on an outdated idea of economics, despite his use of game-theoretic analysis.
Ascension sociale et émergence d’une classe moyenne chez les immigrés italiens de Cannes au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Strobant Laurie
Published: July 2024

Le développement touristique de la Côte d’Azur au début du XXe siècle, l’urbanisation et les nouvelles formes d’activité qui l’accompagnent font de Cannes une destination privilégiée pour les migrants italiens. Si la migration italienne saisonnière est ancienne, le recensement de 1906 révèle un éventail de trajectoires socio-professionnelles ascendantes dans des secteurs d’activité de plus en plus diversifiés. La sédentarisation progressive d’une classe moyenne italienne axée sur l’artisanat et le petit patronat permet à la seconde génération d’investir les métiers du secteur tertiaire, en se rapprochant des canons de la bourgeoise française dans une ville au prestige grandissant.
Les femmes entrepreneures face à la mobilité bloquée
Authors: Müller Mirjana Morokvasic
Published: July 2024

Partant de ses travaux sur la migration et la mobilité sociale durant les années 1980 et 1990, l’auteure revient sur la façon dont des femmes immigrées et migrante en Europe, venues du Sud ou des anciens pays du bloc soviétique, cherchent à contourner leur assignation au bas de l’échelle sociale en se mettant à leur compte. L’entreprenariat féminin en migration conduit à renouveler le modèle d’accession à la classe moyenne par le salariat et les diplômes. Il permet aux femmes de créer des réseaux, de lutter contre les discriminations genrées, sociales, ethniques ou spatiales qui les visent, et de mettre à profit leur savoir en matière de circulation pour construire un capital économique.
Se reclasser dans l’exil
Authors: Maarawi Elsa
Published: July 2024

La participation d’exilé·es syrien·nes au secteur humanitaire et associatif au Liban par le biais du volontariat rémunéré a favorisé la formation d’une nouvelle classe sociale en situation d’exil. Bien que temporaire, car dépendante de financements qui ne cessent de diminuer, la participation des Syrien·nes au domaine associatif a conduit à un reclassement lié aux ressources sociales acquises avant la migration. Elle se réalise à travers l’occupation de rôles différents et l’apprentissage de nouvelles compétences. Pour autant, cette mobilité sociale ascendante des Syrien·nes au sein du champ humanitaire reste éloignée de la société d’accueil1.
Extrême gauche et cause immigrée dans les années 1968
Authors: Boulland Paul , Gay Vincent , Fall Penda , Ferguenis Dalil
Published: July 2024

L’extrême gauche – définie comme l’ensemble des groupes à gauche de la gauche parlementaire – a été une composante importante de la cause immigrée au cours des années 1968. Amorcer la réflexion sur les fondements et les spécificités de cet engagement durant la période, c’est évoquer le parcours de quelques militants et militantes qui l’ont incarné.
« L’entrepreneuriat est une solution durable pour les personnes en migration »
Authors: Savar Roohollah , Aibar Alicia Gomba
Published: July 2024

Singa, communauté internationale créée en 2012, présente 18 villes de 7 pays, favorise en France la création de liens entre les personnes nouvellement arrivées (personnes réfugiées, demandeuses d’asile et immigrées) et les personnes locales (connaissant les codes culturels de la société́ d’accueil) dans le but de favoriser le développement de leurs réseaux social et professionnel.
Paysage digital : une expérimentation visuelle du sensible sur la Goule aux fées
Authors: Feïss-Jehel Corinne , Jehel Pierre-Jérôme
Published: July 2024

L’article propose une analyse d’un projet artistique qui porte sur un lieu dans un paysage. Il s’agit du projet intitulé « Une origine du monde des images. La caverne des Lumière » et en particulier de la série digitale. Cette grotte marine appelée la Goule aux fées est située sur la côte nord de la Bretagne. Le paysage est observé par différents médiums expérimentaux, en référence au passage des frères Lumière sur ce lieu. La série étudiée consiste en un enregistrement digital qui s’appuie sur une série de captations visuelles en numérique. Nous verrons que ces techniques prennent leur sens par l’histoire de ce lieu et amènent à une approche sensible de la perception de la grotte.
Las copiosas listas de Autores por Góngora en el Antifaristarco (1644) de Angulo y Pulgar: entidad y relación con las de Ustarroz y ¿Vázquez Siruela?
Authors: Bueno Begoña López
Published: July 2024

El Antifaritarco, obra del conocido gongorista Martín de Angulo y Pulgar, fechada en 1644, se conserva manuscrita, a pesar de la voluntad de su autor de que fuera impresa. Se trata de una defensa de Góngora contra los ataques a dicho poeta por parte del crítico portugués Faría y Sousa. Su reciente descubrimiento ha venido a demostrar que se trata de una pieza de máximo interés en el devenir de la llamada polémica gongorina, al tiempo que ha puesto de manifiesto su denso contenido en el marco de las cuestiones más debatidas de dicha polémica. Uno de los focos de interés del Antifaristarco es la recopilación que Angulo y Pulgar incluye allí de defensores del poeta de Córdoba o Autores por Góngora. Ese es precisamente el objeto del presente trabajo, en el que se analiza el calado de dicha recopilación, la más extensa de las conocidas hasta el momento, y se pone en relación con recopilaciones o “listas” anteriores de Ustarroz y Vázquez Siruela, para venir a certificar que fue Angulo quien llevó más lejos esta estrategia legitimadora de Góngora.
Based on Transparent Soil Test to Carry out Research on the Soil Stability Discrimination under the Suffusion
Authors: Liu Yu Kun , Wang Jia Wei
Published: July 2024

For deep overburden embankment base, erosion-type internal tube surge is a key problem affecting the stable operation of dams. To study the fine view mechanism of erosion type tube surge in deep overburden, this paper integrates transparent soil technology, planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging technology, firstly, through self-developed transparent soil and visualization model test platform, carry out saturated transparent soil test research, so as to obtain the two-dimensional slice collection of transparent soil samples; then with the help of Avzio software to its three-dimensional reconstruction, split solid particles and pore liquid, the pore network model is generated in the three-dimensional model with Avzio software to obtain the pore-related parameters and throat-related parameters, and plot the pore equivalent diameter and throat diameter distribution; finally, the critical fine particle diameter distribution curve is predicted by combining the previous statistical throat diameter distribution curve, and then the internal stability of the soil is evaluated, and the accurate throat distribution curve obtained predicts the fine particle diameter distribution curve. The method is proposed to evaluate the internal stability of soil by predicting the fine particle size distribution curve from the obtained accurate throat distribution curve.
ATM-dependent Phosphorylation of Nemo SQ Motifs Is Dispensable for Nemo-mediated Gene Expression Changes in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks
Authors: Glynn Rebecca A , Hayer Katharina E , Bassing Craig H
Published: July 2024

In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the ATM kinase activates NF-κB factors to stimulate gene expression changes that promote survival and allow time for cells to repair damage. In cell lines, ATM can activate NF-κB transcription factors via two independent, convergent mechanisms. One is ATM-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear NF-κB essential modulator (Nemo) protein, which leads to monoubiquitylation and export of Nemo to the cytoplasm where it engages the IκB kinase (IKK) complex to activate NF-κB. Another is DSB-triggered migration of ATM into the cytoplasm, where it promotes monoubiquitylation of Nemo and the resulting IKK-mediated activation of NF-κB. ATM has many other functions in the DSB response beyond activation of NF-κB, and Nemo activates NF-κB downstream of diverse stimuli, including developmental or proinflammatory stimuli such as LPSs. To elucidate the in vivo role of DSB-induced, ATM-dependent changes in expression of NF-κB–responsive genes, we generated mice expressing phosphomutant Nemo protein lacking consensus SQ sites for phosphorylation by ATM or related kinases. We demonstrate that these mice are viable/healthy and fertile and exhibit overall normal B and T lymphocyte development. Moreover, treatment of their B lineage cells with LPS induces normal NF-κB–regulated gene expression changes. Furthermore, in marked contrast to results from a pre-B cell line, primary B lineage cells expressing phosphomutant Nemo treated with the genotoxic drug etoposide induce normal ATM- and Nemo-dependent changes in expression of NF-κB–regulated genes. Our data demonstrate that ATM-dependent phosphorylation of Nemo SQ motifs in vivo is dispensable for DSB-signaled changes in expression of NF-κB–regulated genes.
Human rights and bioethical indications in the prescription of psychotropic drugs
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

Every medical intervention, or more generally every medical activity, has two purposes or ethical reference values, to be protected simultaneously (they could be compared to the DNA double helix found in every cell): a) the objective value that consists of the life and health of the citizen-patient; b) the subjective value that consists of respect for the freedom-responsibility of the subject or subjects involved in the medical act. This value, considered from the patient's side, is defined as the right to consent.
Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Multibacillary Leprosy in West Bengal: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti , Sarkar Tarun Kumar , Chatterjee Supantha , Ray Soumalya , Roy Pritam , Biswas Asit Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background:

High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.

Objectives:

This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:

This case–control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.

Objectives:

MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.

Results:

Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.

Conclusion:

This study identified a vulnerable group – married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease.
Is There Uniformity in the Diagnosis of Learning Disability Globally?
Authors: Nehra Ashima , Hazrati Ruchita , Makkar Rhythm , Hassija Rajesh , Bhardwaj Sanyam , Panshikar Apoorva
Published: July 2024

Learning disabilities (LDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental deficits that negatively affect the acquisition, organization, retention, comprehension, or application of age appropriate knowledge. Persons with LD lead a subsidized quality of life, especially in academic/vocational and psychosocial domains. A certificate issued by the medical boards at a state or district level is required to avail benefits such as scribes or relaxations. This may be done through a series of assessments by psychologists, special educators, or other health-care professionals. The authors aim to understand if uniformity exists in the assessment methods used for the diagnosis of LD globally and to prepare a gap analysis for the same. A systematic review was performed on English literature articles published from January 2005 to August 2023. Full-text studies reporting assessment and diagnostic methods of LD were included. A total of 1246 records were identified through a manual search of an electronic database. Seven duplicates were removed and 1174 studies were excluded based on the relevance by screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. Sixty-five studies were included and analyzed. The authors found a lack of uniformity in this diagnostic protocol, leading to uncertainty in disability certification, doctor shopping, and additional stress for the patients, as well as added burden on the government. Identification of LD requires a multistep assessment process with culturally relevant tools and norms and the participation of a multidisciplinary team of experts.
Compliance and Experience of Quarantine during the 1st Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Mumbai
Authors: Nellikkal Shilpa , Hadaye Rujuta , Lonikar Apurva
Published: July 2024

Background:

At the beginning of the pandemic, quarantine was thought to be the most effective way to contain the spread of the virus among international travelers and any potential carriers.

Objectives:

This study assessed the type of quarantine, compliance to quarantine measures (QM), mood, and any social stigma faced during that period.

Materials and Methods:

After approval from the institutional ethics committee, a telephonic interview survey was conducted. Individuals above 18 years of age visiting the only functioning COVID-19 screening outpatient department at Kasturba Hospital between March 1, 2020, and March 10, 2020 were included in the study. A total of 263 individuals were interviewed.

Results:

Out of 263 respondents, 71% and 34% of individuals had a history of international travel and contact history, respectively. Only 63% had read the guidelines on home QM. Among individuals quarantined, 127 that living alone in their apartments, 60 were in a single room with relatives outside, 37 were living with family members because they did not have another room, and 39 were staying in a facility quarantine center. On assessing the QM followed, wearing a mask was the least followed (46%). The average score of compliance to QM was 82.6%. Seventy-two per cent rated their mood as “5” on a scale of 1–10. Social stigma was reported by 7.6% of respondents.

Conclusion:

Among the early set of quarantined individuals in the city during the first wave of the pandemic, average score of compliance to QM was high even though lesser people recalled reading the guideline on home QM.
Atypical Dengue Outbreak in Odisha: Insights from the Entomological Investigations
Authors: Sahu Sudhansu Sekhar , Baig Mohammed Mustafa , Panigrahi Dilip Kumar , Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2024

An outbreak of dengue fever struck Tikarapada village, Rayagada district (April 2020). Among 117 fever cases, 49 tested positive for the dengue NS1 antigen. To identify mosquito-related factors in the outbreak, a survey of 101 houses found Aedes breeding sites in 11.6% of containers. Aedes aegypti (79%) and Aedes albopictus (21%) emerged from collected pupae. The village exhibited high (house index = 24.8), (container index = 11.6), (pupal index = 32.7), and (Breteau index = 40.6) indices. The findings confirmed the presence of Aedes and ample breeding sites, suggesting their role in the outbreak. A report recommending integrated vector control measures was submitted to district and state health authorities.
Socioeconomic and Geographical Inequities in Burden and Treatment seeking Behavior for Hypertension among Women in the Reproductive Age (15–45 years) Group in India: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Vijayakumar Karthiga , Kannusamy Sivaranjini , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Vasudevan Kavita , Thekkur Pruthu , Goel Sonu , Meshram Soumya Swaroop
Published: July 2024

Background:

Socioeconomic disparity changed healthcare seeking and management cascade of hypertension due to inequity in hypertension care cascade pathway.

Objectives:

The inequities in burden and treatment-seeking behavior of hypertension among reproductive age group women were studied from National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) data.

Materials and Methods:

We analyzed the data from NFHS-4 of women of reproductive age group between 15 and 49 years among the selected households contributing to 699,686 women. Socioeconomic inequities were assessed by expenditure quintile. Inequities in burden and treatment-seeking behavior were reported using the concentration curve and concentration index.

Results:

The prevalence of hypertension in India was 15% (95% confidence interval: 14.9%–15.4%). One-third (32%) of the hypertensive population received treatment and only 28% of the women had controlled blood pressure. Wealth and education-based inequalities were more in high wealth index. The inequity in screening and awareness was in the northern and northeastern regions.

Conclusion:

There was inequity in the overall hypertension care cascade pathway with more inequity in the northern and northeastern region.
Corynebacterium jeikeium from exudative pharyngitis: A close mimicker of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Kumarasamy Poongodi Santhana , Ibrahim Mohamed Razeen Syed , Nagoor Syed Ibrahim Ahamed
Published: July 2024

Coryneforms other than Corynebacterium diphtheriae are part of bacterial flora of human skin and mucous membrane. Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rarely reported species from clinical samples, although reported from oral or pharyngeal samples of healthy individuals. Here, we report a case of exudative pharyngitis due to C. jeikeium.
Fortifying Patient Data Security in the Digital Era: A Two-Layer Approach with Data Hiding and Electrocardiogram
Authors: Gupta Praveen , Prasad Ajay
Published: July 2024

In an era dominated by digital technology, the imperative of securing patient data cannot be overstated. The deployment of advanced protective measures, including encryption, firewalls, and robust authentication protocols, is an absolute necessity when it comes to preserving the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive patient information. Furthermore, the establishment of stringent access controls serves as a fundamental safeguard, ensuring that only authorized personnel are granted access to this invaluable data. An innovative development in the realm of patient data protection is the utilization of ElectroCardioGram (ECG) as a unique identifier for individuals. In the context of this study, ECG data is ingeniously embedded within cover images using a technique known as Reversible Data Hiding (RDH). RDH offers a distinctive advantage by ensuring that the original image can be fully restored without loss of data after extraction. This achievement is made possible through the application of inventive pixel interpolation and histogram shifting algorithms. Crucially, the study's simulations, conducted across a diverse array of images, underscore the enhanced embedding capacity of the RDH technique while maintaining a commendable balance in terms of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and boundary map. This empirical evidence corroborates the efficacy of the approach and its potential to provide an advanced level of security for patient data in the digital landscape.
The Cancer Clinical Library Database (CCLD) from the Korea-Clinical Data Utilization Network for Research Excellence (K-CURE) Project
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Choi Yeon Ho , Kim Hak Min , Hong Min Ah , Park Phillip , Kwak In Hae , Kang Ye Ji , Choi Kui Son , Kong Hyun-Joo , Cha Hyosung , Kim Hyun-Jin , Ryu Kwang Sun , Jeon Young Sang , Kim Hwanhee , Jung Jip Min , Im Jeong-Soo , Chae Heejung
Published: July 2024

The common data model (CDM) has found widespread application in healthcare studies, but its utilization in cancer research has been limited. This article describes the development and implementation strategy for Cancer Clinical Library Databases (CCLDs), which are standardized cancer-specific databases established under the Korea-Clinical Data Utilization Network for Research Excellence (K-CURE) project by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Fifteen leading hospitals and fourteen academic associations in Korea are engaged in constructing CCLDs for 10 primary cancer types. For each cancer type-specific CCLD, cancer data experts determine key clinical data items essential for cancer research, standardize these items across cancer types, and create a standardized schema. Comprehensive clinical records covering diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, with annual updates, are collected for each cancer patient in the target population, and quality control is based on six-sigma standards. To protect patient privacy, CCLDs follow stringent data security guidelines by pseudonymizing personal identification information and operating within a closed analysis environment. Researchers can apply for access to CCLD data through the K-CURE portal, which is subject to Institutional Review Board and Data Review Board approval. The CCLD is considered a pioneering standardized cancer-specific database, significantly representing Korea’s cancer data. It is expected to overcome limitations of previous CDMs and provide a valuable resource for multicenter cancer research in Korea.
Development and validation of the Health Literacy Index for the Community for the Korean National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey
Authors: Yoon Junghee , Kang Soo Jin , Lee Mangyeong , Cho Juhee
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES: We developed and validated the Health Literacy Index for the Community (HLIC) to assess the health literacy of the Korean population within the framework of the Korean National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey.METHODS: The HLIC was developed through (1) defining the conceptual framework and generating the item pool and (2) finalizing the items and identifying the cut-off value. Interviews were conducted to examine items’ face validity, and a cross-sectional survey was performed to analyze the item-response theory and Rasch models to investigate the instrument’s psychometric properties.RESULTS: In this study of 1,041 participants, most had no difficulty understanding health information; however, 67.9% struggled to assess the reliability of health information from the Internet or media. A 4-factor structure was identified through factor analysis, leading to the exclusion of some items. This resulted in 10 items across 4 domains: (1) disease prevention, (2) health promotion, (3) health care, and (4) technology and resources. The HLIC demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.87. It also showed high test-retest reliability and correlations with other health literacy instruments. A socio-demographic analysis of the HLIC revealed disparities in health literacy across various age groups, education levels, and income brackets.CONCLUSIONS: The HLIC was developed to systematically measure health literacy in Korea’s general population. Its simplicity and conciseness ensure reliability and validity and improve its accessibility, making it particularly suitable for the broader Korean population, including those with lower literacy levels.
Introduction to the forensic research via omics markers in environmental health vulnerable areas (FROM) study
Authors: Kwon Jung-Yeon , Kim Woo Jin , Cho Yong Min , Kim Byoung-gwon , Lee Seungho , Rho Jee Hyun , Eom Sang-Yong , Han Dahee , Choi Kyung-Hwa , Lee Jang-Hee , Kim Jeeyoung , Won Sungho , Kang Hee-Gyoo , Mun Sora , Yoo Hyun Ju , Kim Jung-Woong , Lee Kwan , Park Won-Ju , Hong Seongchul , Hong Young-Seoub
Published: July 2024

This research group (forensic research via omics markers in environmental health vulnerable areas: FROM) aimed to develop biomarkers for exposure to environmental hazards and diseases, assess environmental diseases, and apply and verify these biomarkers in environmentally vulnerable areas. Environmentally vulnerable areas—including refineries, abandoned metal mines, coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators, cement factories, and areas with high exposure to particulate matter—along with control areas, were selected for epidemiological investigations. A total of 1,157 adults, who had resided in these areas for over 10 years, were recruited between June 2021 and September 2023. Personal characteristics of the study participants were gathered through a survey. Biological samples, specifically blood and urine, were collected during the field investigations, separated under refrigerated conditions, and then transported to the laboratory for biomarker analysis. Analyses of heavy metals, environmental hazards, and adducts were conducted on these blood and urine samples. Additionally, omics analyses of epigenomes, proteomes, and metabolomes were performed using the blood samples. The biomarkers identified in this study will be utilized to assess the risk of environmental disease occurrence and to evaluate the impact on the health of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas, following the validation of diagnostic accuracy for these diseases.