bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Collaboration in Virtual Teams
Authors: Kauffmann David , Carmi Golan
Published: March 2020

This chapter examines the relationship between task-communication and five collaborative processes by exploring the mediating effect of interpersonal trust in a virtual team's environment. First, a multiple mediation model was developed to examine this relationship where cognitive-based trust and affective-based trust are defined as mediation variables between task-communication and five processes of collaboration. Then, employing qualitative thematic analysis, authors constructed a conceptual model to identify factors that generate lower or higher level of collaboration. The main results of this study show a significant correlation with a large effect size between task-oriented communication, trust, and collaboration. Also, interpersonal trust is playing an important role as a mediator in the relationship between task-oriented communication and collaboration, when the emotional side of trust is no less important than the rational side, if not even more, in some collaborative processes.
Using Knowledge Management and Machine Learning to Identify Victims of Human Sex Trafficking
Authors: Whitney Jessica , Hultgren Marisa , Jennex Murray Eugene , Elkins Aaron , Frost Eric
Published: March 2020

Social media and the interactive Web have enabled human traffickers to lure victims and then sell them faster and in greater safety than ever before. However, these same tools have also enabled investigators in their search for victims and criminals. Authors used system development action research methodology to create and apply a prototype designed to identify victims of human sex trafficking by analyzing online ads. The prototype used a knowledge management approach of generating actionable intelligence by applying a set of strong filters based on an ontology to identify potential victims. Authors used the prototype to analyze a dataset generated from online ads from southern California and used the results of this process to generate a revised prototype that included the use of machine learning and text mining enhancements. An unexpected outcome of the second dataset was the discovery of the use of emojis in an expanded ontology.
Standardizing Ethics East and West
Authors: Topor F. Sigmund
Published: March 2020

A basic element that separates primates from Homo sapiens is language, which serves as a socializing catalyst for interpersonal and intercultural communication. Linguistic rules can be regarded as the ethics of communication. Without such rules, encoding and decoding of communication between a speaker/writer and a listener/reader would be impossible. Etiquette and the social emotion of shame, which have dissimilar connotations in Confucian heritage cultures of the East and Socratic or Judeo-Christian cultures of the West, are examples of moral qualities having different attributes and applications for diverse peoples. Whereas distinctive societies, cultures, and civilizations define morality based on their particular history and culture, including religion, humans everywhere are the same. Thus, drawing on Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 1762 Social Contract, the current reality of globalization requires a cultural contract that harmonizes the morals and ethics of Eastern and Western civilizations.
Fundamentals of a Radio Telescope
Authors: Yeap Kim Ho , Hirasawa Kazuhiro
Published: March 2020

In radio astronomy, radio telescopes are used to collect radio waves emanated from cosmic sources. By analyzing these signals, the properties of the sources could be unraveled. A telescope typically consists of the following astronomical instruments: a primary and a secondary reflector, receiver optics which usually includes a lens or a pair of mirrors and a pair of feed horns (one for each orthogonal polarization [or simply a corrugated horn with an orthomode transducer OMT]), waveguides, a mixer circuit, a local oscillator, amplifiers, a detector circuit, and a data processing unit. This chapter provides a concise but complete overview of the working principle of the astronomical instruments involved in the construction of a radio telescope. The underlying physics of the components in a radio telescope, ranging from the antenna to the front-end and back-end systems, are illustrated.
Physical Optics
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu
Published: March 2020

Physical optics (PO) is one of the fundamental and powerful high-frequency theories for electromagnetic scattering and radiation. The total field of a source (antenna) which radiates in the presence of a perfectly conducting surface may be expressed as a superposition of the incident and the scattered fields. The current fields which exist everywhere are chosen in PO to denote the electric and magnetic fields of the source, i.e., they exist as if the scatterer was “absent”; this is unlike the geometrical optics (GO) incident field, which exists in the presence of the surface of the scatterer. The scattered fields in this case can be expressed in terms of the radiation integrals over the actual currents induced on the surface of the scatterer. These currents also radiate the scattered fields in the absence of the scatterer. This chapter shows the fundamental PO formulation and calculated results, and some topics which improve the conventional PO to the extended PO such as “physical theory of diffraction (PTD)” and “PO with transition current (PTD-TC)”.
How Do Online Reviews Affect Business Travelers' Accommodation Choices?
Authors: Memarzadeh Faranak , Blum Shane , Adams Charlie
Published: March 2020

This research focused on parameters of online reviews that affect business travelers` attitude and subjective norm on intention to purchase. The sub-constructs of attitude include: the quality of offered service, the value of money, hotel business facility, hotel security, food and beverage, and service recovery. Panel database, which was provided by Qualtrics, was used to examine the hypotheses of this study. Data was collected from 275 business travelers who stayed at a hotel in the last six months and read e-comments in advance of the purchase. Results of hypotheses testing indicated that quality of offered service, the value of money, and subjective norm have a positive effect on business travelers` intention to purchase. The findings of this research can help both hoteliers and online-review website operators. Since business travelers are considered an important target market in the hotel industry, hoteliers need to put more emphasis on these factors to attract more business travelers.
The Effect of Room Service, Comfort, and Reservation Process on The Performance Dimension Evaluation
Authors: Anggraeni Adilla , Thorina Meyliza
Published: March 2020

As Indonesian hospitality market is growing, Indonesian customer preferences need to be understood more deeply by hotels to stay competitive. This research aims to examine the relationship between room service, room comfort, and reservation process factors to the performance of in-room dining, front office service, room amenities, hotel access and safety. Survey method was employed in this study, consisting of offline surveys distributed to the individuals who have stayed in one of the prominent hotels in Jakarta. The results indicated that room service does have a direct linear relationship on the performance of in-room dining, but room service does not have a direct linear relationship to the room amenities and hotel access and safety. Room comfort was shown to have a direct linear effect on the performance of in-room dining, room amenities, hotel access and safety. On the other hand, reservation process does have a direct linear effect on the performance of front office service as well as to the room amenities and hotel access and safety.
Evaluating the Image of Tourist Destinations
Authors: Ispas Ana , Constantin Cristinel Petrisor , Candrea Adina Nicoleta
Published: March 2020

As the tourism marketplace is currently highly competitive, Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) need to have a thorough understanding of the actual perception of their destinations and even of the desired perception they should have to adequately implement measures to alter or maintain such images. In this context, the present chapter provides an overview of tourist destination image evaluation, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. It outlines the role of conducting research in order to evaluate destination image as key strategic information which has to be provided to DMOs. The chapter provides a theoretical framework to destination image evaluation as well as a case study on the evaluation of a Romanian city's image as a tourist destination.
Virtual Dark Tourism
Authors: Handayani Bintang , Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: March 2020

This study looks at some primary points in the discourse of virtual dark tourism (VDT) formation. Derived from the spectrum of sound branding (SB), virtual reality (VR), coupled with augmented reality (AR), the case is used as a tool to support the claims of VDT. Findings suggest viewpoints for making death sites exclusive, and offer valuable clues to the design of VDT formation as an option to include death sites as market offerings of dark tourism. Guided by social constructionist research philosophy, coupled with semiology and compositional interpretation, the analysis offers valuable clues to position sites built around the narratives of death. Not only does it verify elements of unique and emotional selling propositions in the typology of death sites, but it also signifies the emerging state of the art on the nexus between VDT and SB. Specifically, dark themed songs coupled AR are used as tourism drivers for designing Trunyan Cemetery, Bali. Overall, this review shows preliminary designs for prototype death sites. Several issues and directions for future research are discussed.
Enlivening the Effect of Tourists' Knowledge and Involvement on Malaysian Heritage Food (MHF) Towards Food Tourism Image in Malaysia
Authors: Omar Siti Radhiah , Karim Shahrim Ab , Isa Siti Suriawati , Omar Siti Nazirah
Published: March 2020

This current article aims to empirically test the relationship between international tourist knowledge and Malaysian Heritage Food (MHF) cultural involvement on Malaysia's Food Tourism Image and secondly, to analyze the mediating effect of knowledge for both relationships. A quantitative survey of 719 international tourists with previous MHF consumption experience was conducted and analyzed via a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Results demonstrated that the following variables have significant associations with Food Tourism Image while knowledge mediated the subsequent links positively with partial mediation. Regardless of the theoretical and managerial implications and research findings, supplementary investigations are warranted to enhance the growth of food cultural tourism.
The Effect of Religious Affiliation on Nation/Place Image
Authors: Kurar İhsan , Kavacik Saadet Zafer , İnal Mehmet Emin
Published: March 2020

Tourism industry is related to food and beverage, transportation, accommodation and many more fields. For this reason, tourism marketing is gaining importance all over the world. Most of the fastest growing tourism countries' promotion activities are increasingly raising the popularity and importance of these countries. Tourism has an important role in the development of countries as a service industry and a multi-faceted concept. Hence, tourism activities currently have gained new forms, new insights and new methods. One of them are faith or pilgrimage based tours. Today, for travels especially made for cultural purpose, religion is one of the leading factors. For example, Benares in Brahman, Mecca and Madinah in Islam, Jerusalem and Ephesus in Christianity are religious places attracted many of tourists due to the pilgrimage. This major movements of migration making for religious purposes affect regions, countries and destinations in terms of the economic and social aspects. This situation creates economic opportunities for countries which have consistently balance of payments deficit. In addition to this, religious trips impress people spiritually, physically, mentally, socially and emotionally. Therefore, people visit the holy places of the faith they belong. For this reason, faith activities in different parts of the world attracted millions of people annually. Among them religious buildings, rituals, festivals, spiritual and religious events are important factors that affect the behaviour of tourists and directs people to faith tourism.
Website Adoption for Agritourism Companies
Authors: Angioni Margherita , Musso Fabio
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the key features of agritourism companies' websites on customers purchasing decision-making process, by measuring the level of perceived relevance and satisfaction of customers about the website's features. Empirical research was conducted based on a four-stage website adoption model, adapted from previous literature. A web-based questionnaire was addressed to a sample of Italian tourists who experienced a stay at an agritourism after selecting it through the website. By combining the perceived satisfaction and importance attributed to a series of website features, the priorities to take into account to design a website and to establish its main on-line services have been identified. In order to identify which variables have more influence in defining the overall evaluation of a website, a regression analysis was conducted. This study provides useful guidance on the main features of a website on which investments for improvement may be addressed, and which on-line services should be activated.
Tourists' Motivations and Repeater Segments in Japanese Spa Destinations
Authors: Kamata Hiromi
Published: March 2020

This chapter attempts to answer two research questions related to Japanese spa tourists: how to grasp tourists' motivations, and who will be repeaters. Benefit segmentation was employed to answer the first question, the results yielded seven motivations and divided spa tourists into three segments. For the second question, the relationship between overall satisfaction and revisit intentions in the short and the long term were tested, and key factors for repeaters were different for each segment. Destinations and stakeholders should change their strategy as it relates to their target market, to create repeaters by segment. Contrasting these results with some efforts of spa destinations, examples from Hakone are introduced. Local government considered the theoretical fan that visits Hakone constantly. NARAYA CAFÉ, a representative effort of young people in the area, creates a “release and relaxation” atmosphere for tourists.
The Importance of the Destination Choices of Tourists
Authors: Nakip Mahir , Gökmen Aytaç
Published: March 2020

This article describes how the tourism industry is one of the cornerstones of an economy when utilized effectively. Moreover, since the tourism destinations in a country cannot be moved to the visitors, tourists are promoted to visit these places. Therefore, in order to entice the tourists to visit a country, it is indispensable to advertise and promote a destination properly with its hospitality, recreation, sightseeing, sun, sea and natural characteristics in order to attract more visitors. Thus, the aim of this article is to review the literature comprehensively on the economic reflections of the tourism industry, significance of the marketing and promotion of destinations. With this information, the factors affecting the destination choices of tourists are determined. Finally, these factors are used to review the destination preferences of Kazakh tourists to the Turkish Republic by taking destination attractiveness, attributes and management issues into consideration alongside statistical applications.
The Life Cycles of Destination Life Cycle Models
Authors: Sarkar Sudipta Kiran , George Babu P.
Published: March 2020

Product Life Cycle (PLC) has always been a hot topic in the tourism literature. Butler's Tourism Area Lifecycle model and Plog's destination life cycle model have both been applied and analysed extensively in tourism destination development and lifecycle studies. This study attempts to offer a critical conversation on the similarities and differences as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these two widely referred generic models of destination life cycle. It also identifies some recent socio-political, economic, and technological developments that have changed the nature of tourism destination development in many parts of the world and in particular to Asia and the implications of these developments upon life cycles. Based on more recent research, the present authors suggest that the reality of destination development lies somewhere in between, as a resultant of interaction with the processes laid out by Plog and Butler.
Tourism Development and Rural Tourism in Taiwan
Authors: Chen I-Ting , Weicht Konstantin Karl
Published: March 2020

Although tourism plays an increasingly important role in Taiwan's economy, and despite increasing government and academic interest in tourism development and rural tourism in Taiwan, the literature currently lacks of a concise review that brings together the various aspects of tourism development in Taiwan. The present chapter aims to contribute to closing this gap. It does so in six concise sections: a brief overview of Taiwan; the development of tourism in Taiwan; tourism and the economy in Taiwan; tourism and politics in Taiwan; rural tourism development; and small hotels in Taiwan. It is hoped that this account would serve as an important context specific prerequisite for future and more in-depth studies on tourism development and rural tourism in Taiwan.
Creative Tourist Experience
Authors: Upadhya Amitabh , Vij Mohit
Published: March 2020

The chapter explores the role and importance of Destination Management Organizations in managing the delivery of creative tourist experience. The study is divided in two parts whereby the first part adopts a qualitative methodology of exploration in regard to Destination Management Organizations and Creative Tourist Experiences while the second part is a case study of the tourism organizations of the UAE. The role of creativity in managing the total tourist experience is the core theme of the study. The study finds that co-creation of tourist experiences have a lasting memory value. Creative tourist experience can be achieved in the creative-theatre by a combination of designed aesthetics, choreographed activities and co-created souvenirs as the major elements.
Mountain Tourism in Romania
Authors: Ungureanu Adrian Nicolae
Published: March 2020

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, and in mountain regions it can give rise to high expectations for development. It has the capacity to create jobs and extend services and products that support both tourists and local people alike in marginal areas. Tourism thus has the potential to reduce poverty and provide alternatives to existing economic activities and traditional livelihoods that may be precarious or otherwise threatened by global competition. The present work proposes to analyze the importance of tourism in the development of Predeal resort. In the first part of the paper I presented some aspects regarding the mountain tourism in Romania. In the present mountain tourism and traveling industry offers many opportunities. The second part includes the general characteristics of the tourist aspects which make from Predeal resort a possible holiday destination of interest international.
Local Community Attitude and Support Towards Tourism Development at Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh
Authors: Hai Md. Abdul , Alamgir Md. Badsha
Published: March 2020

Tourism development, a double-edged sword for local communities, is the influenced by attitude of the residents. Favorable attitudes of local community escalate tourists' satisfaction levels. The study focuses on local community attitude and support towards tourism development of Saint Martin Island in Bangladesh. Using judgmental sampling procedure, a sample of 175 local residents was surveyed through a self-administered questionnaire and data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The findings of the study indicate that the Saint Martin Island-community supports future tourism development based on the personal benefit they receive. ANOVA analysis shows significant differences among the local community attitude and support to the tourism development based on profession, age, education, and family income. The study may ensure the commercial, socio-cultural, physiological, political and economic development of the community that enhance sustainability for the industry and it may also help the government to shape future tourism development for the island.
Elitist Tag or Tool for Development
Authors: Batabyal Debasish , Mukherjee Sankar Kumar
Published: March 2020

Since time immemorial tourism in hill areas were considered and confined to be leisure centric and recreation oriented. This demand led orientation was a mere perception of the tourists and supply means and ways were largely ignored. Tourism in hill areas is believed to have been a mean of spending from disposable and discretionary income mostly for non-essential activities. This old and stagnant idea has been changing drastically. Today's tourism is not only essential but imperative as well to provide new avenues for income and jobs. This article has dealt with the modern economic environment of tourism in the backdrop of its essential demand (or marketing) and supply (or destination) parameters. More specifically, this article has shown how tourism phenomenon is influencing the community income and thereby their dependency with important marketing and supply trends.
Ways to Promoting Rural, Cultural and Gastronomical Tourism in Mărginimea Sibiului
Authors: Virgil Nicula.  , Spânu Simona
Published: March 2020

In 2009, the touristic potential of Mărginimea Sibiului is recognised both nationally and internationally for its unique ethnographic, cultural, architectural and historical heritage and it has also won the Golden Apple Award of World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers. In 2015, this area with rich traditions won a price for promoting local gastronomy. Cheeses of Mărginimea Sibiului are an important part of this region's culinary and cultural tradition, and its diversity comes from specific production techniques. The Sheep Cheese Route provides an excellent opportunity for discovering the pastoral world of Mărginimea Sibiului, with its picturesque settlements and calm lifestyle. Due to continuous shepherding and transhumance, the 18 villages connected to the route have succeeded in keeping their strong local identity. Mărginimea Sibiului has always been known in Romania as the land of sheep, cheeses and meat delicacies. Its traditional products reflect the richness of the land but also the region's cultural diversity.
Endoscopic Ear Surgery - A Single Unit Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Lakshan M. T. D.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Endoscopic Ear Surgery was introduced in the 1980s and has gained popularity worldwide. Superior view, better access to difficult corners of the middle ear, and better ergonomics have been cited as the reasons for its success. It's a very well-established approach for managing ear cases. We are presenting our experience herewith. Objectives: To assess efficacy of endoscopic ear surgery in local setting Methods Otologic surgical patients attending Nawaloka ENT unit were selected for endoscopic approach with the sole exclusion criteria of extensive cholesteatoma. Data collected using a digital portfolio system. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 2 weeks 1 month and 2 months. Period of study was from March 2017 to December 2019. Results Total number of cases 92 (Myringoplasty 59, Mastoid exploration 17, Excision of Glomus Tympanicum 2, Stapedectomy 2, Excision of osteoma 2, Myringotomy and grommet insertion 10) In suppurative ear cases a success rate (as defined by dry ear without residual perforation) of 72/76 (94.7%) was achieved. Grommet insertions were done without difficulty and all cases had in situ grommets at follow up. A Stapedectomy patient had a closed air bone gap. One glomus tumour excision had a residual perforation, the other no complications. Conclusions Endoscopic ear surgery is an excellent method of attending to ear pathologies. With time and future developments, it might become the mainstay method of ear surgery.
An unusual case of a tracheobronchial foreign body
Authors: De Silva W. H. R. , Dayasena R. P. , Jayathilaka S. , Gunarathna P. T. P.
Published: March 2020

We herein report a case of an unusual tracheal foreign body in a 42-year-old patient who after having undergone surgery for a tongue base malignancy presented following discharge with progressively worsened intractable cough. A chest x ray revealed a foreign body (FB) extending from glottis through the trachea up to the right bronchi. Awake fiberoptic bronchoscopic FB removal was done and the tube was recovered as a whole delivered through the oral cavity. It was 2/3rd the length of an airway exchanger catheter (AEC) used during the trial of extubation.
A protocol for management of Rhino-cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Udayani L. A. D. N. , Daminda D. A. D. G. , Rupasinghe R. T.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available
Tuning Macrophage Phenotype to Mitigate Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis
Authors: Stepien David M. , Hwang Charles , Marini Simone , Pagani Chase A. , Sorkin Michael , Visser Noelle D. , Huber Amanda K. , Edwards Nicole J. , Loder Shawn J. , Vasquez Kaetlin , Aguilar Carlos A. , Kumar Ravi , Mascharak Shamik , Longaker Michael T. , Li Jun , Levi Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Myeloid cells are critical to the development of fibrosis following muscle injury; however, the mechanism of their role in fibrosis formation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that myeloid cell–derived TGF-β1 signaling is increased in a profibrotic ischemia reperfusion and cardiotoxin muscle injury model. We found that myeloid-specific deletion of Tgfb1 abrogates the fibrotic response in this injury model and reduces fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell proliferation while simultaneously enhancing muscle regeneration, which is abrogated by adaptive transfer of normal macrophages. Similarly, a murine TGFBRII-Fc ligand trap administered after injury significantly reduced muscle fibrosis and improved muscle regeneration. This study ultimately demonstrates that infiltrating myeloid cell TGF-β1 is responsible for the development of traumatic muscle fibrosis, and its blockade offers a promising therapeutic target for preventing muscle fibrosis after ischemic injury.
Incorporation of the Kinetic Chain Into Shoulder-Elevation Exercises: Does It Affect Scapular Muscle Activity?
Authors: Borms Dorien , Maenhout Annelies , Cools Ann M
Published: March 2020

Context

Scapular rehabilitation exercises should focus on selective activation of weaker muscles and minimal activation of hyperactive muscles. For rehabilitation of overhead athletes, single-plane open chain exercises below 90° of shoulder elevation are often recommended. Moreover, incorporating the kinetic chain in shoulder rehabilitation exercises is advised and has been suggested to influence scapular muscle activity levels.

Objective

To study the influence of kinetic chain incorporation during 5 variations of a shoulder-elevation exercise on scapular muscle activity.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-one asymptomatic participants (15 men, 16 women).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The electromyographic activity of the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius, and serratus anterior was determined during 5 variations of bilateral elevation with external rotation: (1) open-hand position (reference exercise), (2) closed-hand position, (3) dynamic bipedal squat, (4) static unipedal squat, and (5) dynamic unipedal squat on the contralateral leg. All data were normalized as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).

Results

A closed-hand position (exercise 2) instead of an open-hand position (exercise 1) resulted in lower MT (mean difference = 3.44% MVIC) and LT (mean difference = 7.76% MVIC) activity. Incorporating the lower limb (exercises 3–5) increased UT activity when compared with exercise 1 (mean differences = 3.67, 2.68, 5.02% MVIC, respectively), which in general resulted in increased UT : MT ratios. Additionally, LT activity decreased when a dynamic unipedal squat was added (mean difference: 4.90% MVIC). For the serratus anterior, the greatest activity occurred during elevation in a static unipedal squat position (exercise 4, 22.90% MVIC).

Conclusions

Incorporating the kinetic chain during shoulder-elevation exercises influenced scapular muscle activity and ratios. In particular, incorporating the lower limb resulted in more UT activity, whereas the open-hand position increased MT and LT activity.
Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India
Authors: Bhatnagar Tarun , Murhekar Manoj V. , Soneja Manish , Gupta Nivedita , Giri Sidhartha , Wig Naveet , Gangakhedkar Raman
Published: March 2020

As of February 29, 2020, more than 85,000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported from China and 53 other countries with 2,924 deaths. On January 30, 2020, the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID was reported from Kerala, India. In view of the earlier evidence about effectiveness of repurposed lopinavir/ritonavir against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV), as well as preliminary docking studies conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization approved the restricted public health use of lopinavir/ritonavir combination amongst symptomatic COVID-19 patients detected in the country. Hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with any one of the following criteria will be eligible to receive lopinavir/ritonavir for 14 days after obtaining written informed consent: (i) respiratory distress with respiratory rate ≥22/min or SpO2 of <94 per cent; (ii) lung parenchymal infiltrates on chest X-ray; (iii) hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or need for vasopressor/inotropic medication; (iv) new-onset organ dysfunction; and (v) high-risk groups - age >60 yr, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, chronic lung disease and immunocompromised persons. Patients will be monitored to document clinical (hospital length of stay and mortality at 14, 28 and 90 days), laboratory (presence of viral RNA in serial throat swab samples) and safety (adverse events and serious adverse events) outcomes. Treatment outcomes amongst initial cases would be useful in providing guidance about the clinical management of patients with COVID-19. If found useful in managing initial SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, further evaluation using a randomized control trial design is warranted to guide future therapeutic use of this combination.
Reflection of Willmore Surfaces with Free Boundaries
Authors: Kuwert Ernst , Lamm Tobias
Published: March 2020

We study immersed surfaces in${\mathbb R}^3$that are critical points of the Willmore functional under boundary constraints. The two cases considered are when the surface meets a plane orthogonally along the boundary and when the boundary is contained in a line. In both cases we derive weak forms of the resulting free boundary conditions and prove regularity by reflection.
Casa Dolmen
Authors: Ferrer Soler Gaspar
Published: March 2020

Ubicada en la ciudad de Alicante, la Casa Dolmen ha sido proyectada en base a una idea clara y rotunda, patente en su formalización volumétrica, su distribución y su materialización, con el objetivo de convertir el espacio en lo verdaderamente trascendente. La casa busca ser percibida como cabaña esencial, compuesta por elementos verticales que soportan una losa horizontal, lo que da lugar a un espacio arquitectónico de una uniformidad absoluta, un “monumento megalítico”, “dolmen” tectónico hecho de “pétreas lajas”. Recuperando y “contemporaneizando” algunos conceptos de la arquitectura clásica, la casa, que es “Templo”, se apoya sobre un pódium, que es “Crepidoma” y elemento de transición entre el terreno natural y el interior de la propia casa. La dualidad que se crea entre el espacio exterior cubierto, generado por una columnata aérea y rítmica en la fachada principal a modo de “loggia”, y el “muro “gordo” trasero, sólido y corpóreo, delimita la secuencia de las estancias principales. A través del hormigón, de sus encofrados y de sus texturas, se propone una arquitectura intemporal y sincera, desnuda y contundente, expresiva y monumental, que se rescata, intencionadamente, de los vaivenes del gusto.
Pabellón de usos múltiples y piscina en campus académico. Cambio de rumbo hacia un crecimiento subterráneo
Authors: Capapé Aguilar Ignacio , Orgaz Domínguez Justo
Published: March 2020

Como la propia ciudad, el interior de un Campus es un entorno en constante desarrollo. Se ha propuesta una intervención arquitectónica en pleno proceso de crecimiento de un campus académico en una operación de reconquista del carácter original de un lugar mediante la convivencia de la edificación y la vegetación corrigiendo una trayectoria en la que edificar suponía incrementar consumo energético y reducir vegetación, a una trayectoria en la que el lugar se ve enriquecido con nueva edificación que aumenta los niveles de actividad humana, con una presencia de vegetación que busca el sentido del lugar y un consumo energético controlado, tendente a cero.
Arquitectura Dinamizante
Authors: Campos Rosique Jose Luis
Published: March 2020

IdeaLa idea del proyecto surge de la generación de un espacio dinamico, abierto y colaborativo que busca atraer talento y capacitarlo de forma continua. Un punto de encuentro social, capaz de modificar el carácter del polígono donde se ubica gracias al efecto llamada. MaterializaciónNuestro proyecto es una roca hexagonal facetada, que se asienta en un promontorio y mira hacia lo mejor del paisaje de la comarca, apropiándose de ellos. Las paredes de hormigón visto, texturadas se pliegan sobre si mismas a modo de origami, jugando con sus planos y con las entradas de luz, haciendo que el sol remarque los pliegues de su fachada, generando un efecto dinámico de juegos de sombras que modifiquen la edficación a lo largo del día. FuncionamientoLa grada escalera articula la edificación, dando pie para el uso de presentaciones de productos o charlas tipo TED TALK, y espacio de interacción social del centro, este espacio enmarca el cielo conviritiedose en una cascada de luz que lo invade todo A su alrededor surgen los espacios de apoyo, despachos, talleres y office. Tras ella una gran sala de trabajo colaborativo abierto al exterior, generando pequeñas terrazas de interrelación entre compañeros.
Casa S&O
Authors: Sanahuja Rochera Vicente Jaime
Published: March 2020

La Casa S&O se ubica en un entorno protagonizado por la serena imagen del mar Mediterráneo. El frente de su parcela limita con la playa  y es esta íntima conexión la que determina las principales estrategias proyectuales de la obra. La esencia mediterránea presente en el lugar, se traslada al diseño al proyectar la casa a través de la relación con sus elementos más próximos: el mar, la luz, el paisaje y la cultura mediterránea. El programa se desarrolla en tres niveles a través de una composición sencilla y cuidada basada en una utilización adecuada de materiales en la que el hormigón visto que enmarca el paisaje adquiere un especial protagonismo.
Oito Casas – Multifamily housing
Authors: Teixeira Caldas João Pedro
Published: March 2020

The article presents the project for a multifamily housing - Oito Casas – that presents a concrete bearing structure and also a set of pre-fabricated concrete brise soleil in the upper level of the main facade. The specificity of the project led us first to the modification of the allotment plan. A procedure that was then followed by the development of a spatial configuration allowed by a concrete structure and, finally, the introduction of the exposed concrete in the form of concrete brise soleils that provide a particular and changeable identity to the architectural set throughout the day, in a distinctive game of shadows.
Casa XI- Las variaciones del hormigón
Authors: Carbó del Moral Ignacio
Published: March 2020

La casa es, probablemente, el ámbito arquitectónico donde la relación entre espacio y cuerpo se torna más íntima y personal. Así, el espacio doméstico y sus límites son el lugar primero donde el cuerpo se desenvuelve y se desarrollan nuestros sentidos.De entre las diferentes tipologías de vivienda, la casa entre medianeras es, debido a su amplia aceptación en el paisaje de nuestras ciudades, un campo ciertamente interesante donde entran en juego aspectos como la materialidad, los modos de habitar o la relación entre casa y ciudad.En este juego de diálogos entre el cuerpo, la casa y la ciudad que es la Casa XI, tiene un papel fundamental el hormigón en diversas variantes: desde la celosía de hormigón prefabricado blanco (que no es sino una membrana que regula la relación entre casa y ciudad, generando en su interior mediante un sutil juego de claroscuros, una atmósfera sosegada y ajena al ruido de nuestros días) hasta el hormigón in situ de los muros de semisótano y el microcemento de las escaleras.Este proyecto que presentamos es una reflexión arquitectónica acerca de esta tipología,
ON Espacios horizontales
Authors: Duran Fernandez Jose , Moreno Ruiz Daniel
Published: March 2020

ON es un lugar destinado al ocio y al disfrute de la naturaleza. La palabra ON remite al término anglosajón “encendido”, en referencia a un multi-espacio activo y encendido de manera ininterrumpida.ON es también una operación de reciclaje y renovación patrimonial y paisajística. Un palacio-aljibe, un palmeral centenario, una pinada y cañaveral, son los elementos naturales que se unen y regeneran en nuestro proyecto. Cada uno de estos elementos requiere de un proyecto específico. Un anillo transparente, una secuencia de bancales, un espacio verde y una explanada de vehículos e islas, respectivamente.ON está construido en hormigón y vidrio. Lo sólido y lo transparente son combinados para reconstruir un oasis antiguo de agua y palmeras. El hormigón, texturado, coloreado o pintado, genera nuevos caminos sobre el paisaje, aporta nuevas estructuras murarias ancestrales, y crea un espacio en sombra, orgánico y transparente, casi invisible.
Blanco al cuadrado. Arquitectura blanca en hormigón blanco
Authors: De Marco Paolo , Margagliotta Antonino
Published: March 2020

El color blanco en la arquitectura tiene una dimensión particular por razones técnico-funcionales, sensoriales y, sobre todo, espaciales. En él residen los valores simbólicos que con el tiempo han determinado una especie de mito - con orígenes antiguos e inciertos, pero presente hasta la contemporaneidad. El uso del hormigón visto permite construir edificios intrínsecamente blancos, con la posibilidad de obtener construcciones monomateriales y monocromáticas. A lo largo del siglo XX, y aún hoy, las características mecánicas del hormigón blanco se han implementado continuamente y sus modalidades de empleo se han expandido no solo en las capacidades de rendimiento sino también en el campo estético y formal. A raíz de algunas experiencias pioneras de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en la escena contemporánea destacan algunas realizaciones, en este sentido doblemente blancas, que nos permiten reconocer las diferentes naturalezas del hormigón blanco y, en particular, que nos hacen identificar técnicas diferentes y específicas de concepción del espacio y de metodología del proyecto. El uso del hormigón blanco hoy responde a la búsqueda de la perfección del material puro y noble, que recupera los valores fundamentales de la arquitectura y da forma a un diálogo innovado entre firmitasy venustas.
Understanding the effects of climate warming on streamflow and active groundwater storage in an alpine catchment: the upper Lhasa River
Authors: Lin Lu , Gao Man , Liu Jintao , Wang Jiarong , Wang Shuhong , Chen Xi , Liu Hu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate warming is changing streamflow regimes and groundwater storage in
cold alpine regions. In this study, the Yangbajain headwater catchment
in the Lhasa River basin is adopted as the study area to assess
streamflow changes and active groundwater storage in response to climate
warming. The results show that both annual streamflow and the mean air
temperature increase significantly at respective rates of about 12.30 mm per decade and 0.28 ∘C per decade from 1979 to 2013 in the study area. The results of gray
relational analysis indicate that the air temperature acts as a primary
factor for the increased streamflow. Due to climate warming, the total
glacier volume has retreated by over 25 % during the past 50 years, and
the areal extent of permafrost has degraded by 15.3 % over the last 20 years. Parallel comparisons with other subbasins in the Lhasa River basin
indirectly reveal that the increased streamflow at the Yangbajain Station is
mainly fed by the accelerated glacier retreat. Using baseflow recession
analysis, we also find that the estimated groundwater storage that is
comparable with the GRACE data increases significantly at rates of about
19.32 mm per decade during the abovementioned period. That is to say, as permafrost thaws, more
spaces have been made available to accommodate the increasing meltwater. Finally,
a large water imbalance (of more than 5.79×107 m3 a−1)
between the melt-derived runoff and the actual increase in runoff as well
as the groundwater storage is also observed. The results from this study
suggest that the impacts of glacial retreat and
permafrost degradation show compound behaviors on the storage–discharge
mechanism due to climate warming, and that this fundamentally affects the water supply and the mechanisms
of streamflow generation and change.
Coupled modelling of subglacial hydrology and calving-front melting at Store Glacier, West Greenland
Authors: Cook Samuel J. , Christoffersen Poul , Todd Joe , Slater Donald , Chauché Nolwenn
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We investigate the subglacial hydrology of Store Glacier in West Greenland,
using the open-source, full-Stokes model Elmer/Ice in a novel 3D application
that includes a distributed water sheet, as well as discrete channelised
drainage, and a 1D model to simulate submarine plumes at the calving front.
At first, we produce a baseline winter scenario with no surface meltwater.
We then investigate the hydrological system during summer, focussing
specifically on 2012 and 2017, which provide examples of high and low
surface-meltwater inputs, respectively. We show that the common assumption
of zero winter freshwater flux is invalid, and we find channels over 1 m2
in area occurring up to 5 km inland in winter. We also find that the production of
water from friction and geothermal heat is sufficiently high to drive
year-round plume activity, with ice-front melting averaging 0.15 m d−1.
When the model is forced with seasonally averaged surface melt from summer,
we show a hydrological system with significant distributed sheet activity
extending 65 and 45 km inland in 2012 and 2017, respectively; while
channels with a cross-sectional area higher than 1 m2 form as far as 55 and 30 km inland. Using daily values for the surface melt as forcing, we
find only a weak relationship between the input of surface meltwater and the
intensity of plume melting at the calving front, whereas there is a strong
correlation between surface-meltwater peaks and basal water pressures. The
former shows that storage of water on multiple timescales within the
subglacial drainage system plays an important role in modulating subglacial
discharge. The latter shows that high melt inputs can drive high basal water
pressures even when the channelised network grows larger. This has
implications for the future velocity and mass loss of Store Glacier, and the
consequent sea-level rise, in a warming world.
Deglamming as Estrangement: Ugly in Monster, The Hours, and Cake
Authors: Pearl Sharrona
Published: March 2020

In this paper, I explore female actresses undergoing radical or seemingly radical physical transformation in service of a broader kind of career transformation.  I problematize the simple calculation of deglamming, thinking more closely about the ways that celebrity structure raises challenges to actors and especially actresses attempting to engage with against-type characters.  I turn specifically to three well-known examples of this trend: Charlize Theron in Monster (2003), Nicole Kidman in The Hours (2002), and Jennifer Aniston in Cake (2014).  I argue that the process we see is not about deglamming (or getting ugly) for its own sake.  Deglamming in these cases is a process of estrangement: from beauty, from the celebrity machine, from audience expectations.  I draw on screen shots, film reviews and interviews to explore the relationship between deglamming and estrangement as a kind of acting and character technique, paying particular attention to the stakes for presenting historical characters in biopics.  And while the three films I examine here – Monster, The Hours, and Cake – are often thought together as examples of actress Oscar uglification, they are actually quite different, both in terms of the physical transformations the actresses underwent in service of their characters, and the ways in which these transformations were understood and received.
Supporting the Out-of-School Time Workforce in Fostering Intentional Social and Emotional Learning
Authors: Newman Jessica Zadrazil
Published: March 2020

Extensive research demonstrates that a qualified workforce is essential to out-of-school time program quality, which, in turn, is essential for positive youth development. Recently, the in- and out-of-school fields have witnessed an increase in attention to social and emotional learning practices and programs, yet less is known about how to support the adults who are engaged in the social and emotional learning process. A first step in supporting this workforce is to build the collective knowledge around what social and emotional learning is and what the practices are that support social and emotional development. We also believe there is a need to identify and describe the connection between what has been and what could be—that is, connecting youth development as a foundation for intentional social and emotional learning. We reviewed a selection of widely disseminated, research-based, practitioner-focused resources to identify the specific practices that promote social and emotional learning. This process elevated a set of 8 practices, which we delineated into 2 categories: foundational organizational practices and programmatic practices that support social and emotional development. In addition, we completed a comprehensive crosswalk of those practices with seminal youth development and out-of-school time resources to demonstrate the alignment and progression from youth development to social and emotional learning. This article describes the 8 social and emotional learning practices and highlights connections to foundational youth development practices. We conclude with a set of recommendations for the field leaders who must continue to support the workforce.