bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inclusion programming for older adults living in age-friendly cities: a scoping review
Authors: Liougas Madalena Pamela , Fortino Adriana , Brozowski Kari , McMurray Josephine
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Creating age-friendly cities (AFCs) is essential for supporting older adults’ well-being. The WHO’s 2007 guide outlines key features of AFCs, including social inclusion. Despite increasing numbers of AFC programmes, diverse experiences of ageing are often overlooked. This scoping review explores innovative programmes implemented by AFCs to enhance social inclusion for older adults.

Design

A scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

Data sources

Systematic searches were conducted between December 2023 and January 2024 across relevant databases (Ovid Medline, OVID Embase, OVID PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus) and the grey literature.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Selection criteria included English language publications describing evaluated age-friendly, social inclusion programmes for older adults.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction followed Gonyea and Hudson’s (2015) framework assessing programmes on population, environment and/or sector inclusion levels. Inductive analysis identified and evaluated aspects of social inclusion.

Results

We identified 20 peer-reviewed publications and 18 grey literature sources. Most programmes (peer review, n=19, 95.0%; grey, n=18, 100.0%) addressed population inclusion, incorporated environment (peer review, n=10, 50.0%; grey, n=15, 83.3%) and/or sector inclusion (peer review, n=7, 35.0%; grey, n=15, 83.3%). Key outcomes included an improved sense of belonging, increased engagement with community resources and activities, enhanced digital literacy and connectivity, and a reduction in feelings of loneliness and isolation. A notable gap was the absence of studies focused on Indigenous populations.

Conclusion

We highlight that programmes addressing population, environment and sectoral inclusion may improve the well-being of older adults in urban settings. Our findings will inform AFC practices and policies by deepening our understanding of how social inclusion can be improved for older adults, including those from under-represented groups, ensuring an equitable approach to enhancing quality of life.
Differential attainment at national selection for higher surgical training: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ellis Ricky , Al-Tawarah Yasin , Brennan Peter , Lee Amanda , Hines John , Cleland Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Objectives

National selection for higher surgical specialty training (HST) in the UK is a high-stakes gatekeeping assessment. If barriers, such as differential attainment, exist at HST selection for some groups and not others, then this will have a significant and lasting impact on trainees’ career progression and the diversity of the workforce, which should reflect the population it provides care for. The objective of this study was to characterise the relationship between candidate sociodemographic factors and performance at National Selection for HST in the UK.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National Selection for HST in the UK.

Participants

All UK graduates in the UKMED database (https://www.ukmed.ac.uk) who underwent selection for HST from 2012 to 2019.

Outcomes and measures

Performance at HST Selection for each surgical specialty is measured by assessment of the candidate’s academic portfolio and multiple objective structured clinical examination style stations testing knowledge and skills. Univariate analysis identified differences in success rates at first application. Logistic regression models identified sociodemographic predictors of success after adjusting for prior academic attainment (Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) performance).

Results

Of all applications to HST (n=2875), 66.5% were successful at the first attempt. Females were 32% more likely than males to be successful at selection for HST (OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67)). MRCS performance was found to be a strong independent predictor of future success at HST selection. Females were more likely to be successful at general surgery selection (OR 2.69 (95% CI 1.63 to 4.45)), older candidates (graduates) were less likely to be successful at ENT selection (OR 0.21 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.95)), and candidates that were the first in their family to attend University were less likely to be successful at urology selection (OR 0.41 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.78)).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight few statistically significant associations and no consistent patterns between sociodemographic factors and performance at HST selection once we adjusted for prior academic attainment. This suggests that differences in performance on selection into HST may be more likely due to individual rather than group-level differences.
Clinical implication of NT-proBNP to predict mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Shuai , Bian Xiaohui , Liu Qianqian , Zhang Rui , Song Chenxi , Yuan Sheng , Wang Hao , Liu Weida , Gao Jingjing , Cui Xinming , Qin Sijia , Li Yumeng , Zhu Chengang , Fu Rui , Dou Kefei
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease commonly seen in emergency department, resulting in substantial mortality and morbidity. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) among this critically ill population.

Design

The design of this study was a retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The study population was recruited in the Emergency Department of Fuwai hospital in China from 2018 to 2020.

Participants

We consecutively enrolled 829 patients with acute type A aortic dissection and measurable baseline NT-proBNP.

Primary outcome

The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause death.

Results

Based on tertiles of NT-proBNP (pg/mL), patients were stratified into low (≤150.3, n=276), intermediate (150.3–667.6, n=277) and high (>667.6, n=276) NT-proBNP groups. Compared with patients with low NT-proBNP, the Kaplan-Meier estimates for primary 1-year mortality were higher in intermediate (32.5% vs 18.1%; HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.69) and high (42.0% vs 18.1%; HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.57) NT-proBNP groups, respectively. After multivariable regression adjusted for confounders, NT-proBNP tertiles were independent predictors for 1-year mortality (adjusted HR for intermediate group 1.52, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.27; adjusted HR for high group 2.17, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.32). Notably, the predictive performance of NT-proBNP for 1-year mortality was greater in patients receiving surgery than conservative treatment (between-cohorts difference in area under the curve 0.13, Delong’s test p=0.04).

Conclusion

NT-proBNP provides incremental prognostic information for mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repairment, which could aid in risk stratification as a pragmatic and versatile biomarker in this critically ill population while having limited prognostic value for those receiving conservative treatment.
Understanding neurocognitive recovery in older adults after total hip arthroplasty—neurocognitive assessment, blood biomarkers and patient experiences: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Amirpour Anahita , Bergman Lina , Markovic Gabriela , Liander Karin , Nilsson Ulrica , Eckerblad Jeanette
Published: January 2025

Objective

Delayed neurocognitive recovery, previously known as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, is a common complication affecting older adults after surgery. This study aims to address the knowledge gap in postoperative neurocognitive recovery by exploring the relationship between subjective experiences, performance-based measurements, and blood biomarkers.

Design

Mixed-methods study with a convergent parallel (QUAL+quan) design.

Setting and participants

The study reports results from 40 older adult patients (52.5% women; mean age 73, SD 6.7) scheduled for total hip arthroplasty at a hospital in Sweden.

Outcome measures

Neurocognitive performance was assessed using a standardised test battery, neuroinflammation through blood biomarker analysis and postoperative neurocognitive recovery via semistructured interviews and the Swedish Quality of Recovery questionnaire.

Results

Five patients were classified as having delayed neurocognitive recovery based on performance tests. Qualitative data revealed that most patients reported cognitive symptoms, particularly related to executive functions and fatigue. Psychological factors, including a sense of agency and low mood, significantly influenced cognitive recovery and daily functioning. Elevated inflammatory blood biomarkers were not detected pre- or postoperatively in patients with delayed neurocognitive recovery. The global postoperative recovery score was 40.9, indicating a low quality of recovery.

Conclusion

Many patients reported subjective cognitive decline that was not corroborated by delayed neurocognitive recovery in the performance-based tests. Psychological factors were influential for neurocognitive recovery and should be routinely assessed. Future research should incorporate longitudinal follow-ups with performance-based measurements, fatigue assessment, evaluations of instrumental activities of daily living and subjective reporting, supported by a multidisciplinary team approach.

Trial registration number

NCT05361460.
Comparative analysis of Aegilops speltoides and wheat repetitive elements and development of S genome-specific FISH painting
Authors: Danilova Tatiana V. , Akhunova Alina R. , Cai Xiwen
Published: January 2025

Aegilops speltoides (2 n = 2 x = 14, genome SS) is a wild relative of wheat and a donor of useful traits for wheat improvement. Several whole-genome studies compared genic regions of Aegilops from the Sitopsis section and wheat and found that Ae. speltoides is most closely related to the wheat B subgenome but is not its direct progenitor. The results showed that a B subgenome ancestor diverged from Ae. speltoides more than 4 MYA and either has not yet been discovered, or is extinct. To further explore the evolutionary relationship between wheat and Ae. speltoides and develop Ae. speltoides chromosome paints, we performed comparative analysis of repetitive fractions of the S genome and three subgenomes of hexaploid wheat. The low-coverage sequence data were analyzed with RepeatExplorer pipeline to annotate repeats and estimate their content. The LTR-retrotransposons comprised about 80% of repeats in Ae. speltoides and wheat datasets and about two-third of them were LTR/Ty3-Gypsy. Ae. speltoides had 1.5 times more LTR/Ty-Copia repeats and 1.5 times less DNA transposons than wheat subgenomes. Several S genome-specific dispersed repeats were found and annotated. Their sequences were used to develop S genome-specific paints for detecting Ae. speltoides chromatin in the wheat background using fluorescent in situ hybridization.
Investigating the differences in the optical properties and laser photoluminescence for chitosan films extracted from two different origins
Authors: Ghazy Ahmed R.
Published: January 2025

This work carefully examines the variations in chitosan films derived from shrimp and crab shells in terms of their optical characteristics and laser-induced photoluminescence. Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid and then cast into films to create chitosan films. The functional properties of chitosan generated from crab and prawns were shown to differ in specific spectrum regions due to differences in hydrogen bonding, degree of deacetylation, and structural conformations, as indicated by the FTIR study. Using TD-DFT and TD-DFT/CASTEP simulations, computational studies were carried out to predict the chitosan samples' molecular structures and frequency characteristics. Measurements and analyses were done on the optical characteristics, such as absorbance, refractive index, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity. Chitosan from shrimp shells (chitosan 2) and crab shells (chitosan 1) differed significantly in terms of UV absorbance, refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity, according to the study. Chitosan 2 showed increased dielectric constant, refractive index, and UV absorbance, indicating higher optical conductivity and a larger capacity for electrical energy storage, making it a better fit for optoelectronic applications. Chitosan's optical and photoluminescence characteristics are greatly influenced by its place of origin. These results emphasize how crucial it is to choose the right source material for a given optical application, especially in domains, where precise control over UV absorption and refractive index is necessary.
High-energy non-thermal, laser-induced nano-fusion
Authors: Csernai László P. ,   for the NAPLIFE Collaboration
Published: January 2025

This is an invited talk contribution to the Particles & Plasmas Symposium 2024, held between Jun 10 and 12, 2024, in the Hotel Hilton in the Royal Castle Hill. As laser induced fusion is monochromatic and can be linearly polarized in the NAnoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE) project, we aim for keeping nonthermal configuration during all stages of fusion.
Investigating nanoparticle pathfinder geochemistry in stream sediments using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a case study at the Sundance gold mineralization, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Goodman Aaron J. , Doherty Mary E. , Ranville James F.
Published: January 2025

In this study we use single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) to investigate the presence, composition, concentrations, size distributions and dispersal of nanoparticulate forms of gold pathfinder elements in stream sediments. We tested this method in Lytle Creek, which drains from the Sundance gold mineralization in Wyoming, USA. Within this system, spICP-MS analysis of stream sediments provides new insights into the downstream dispersal of pathfinder elements including Ag, Sb, Bi, Te and Tl. Nanoparticulate forms of these pathfinder elements are highly abundant in the sediments, with 10
4
–10
7
particles detected per gram of sediment. Despite significant gold anomalies detected by aqua regia/ICP-MS, nanoparticulate Au was not detected, suggesting it is held in larger particles. Nanoparticulate concentrations of Ag, Sb, Bi, Te and Tl reflected the exponential decay down drainage seen in the bulk concentrations. A significant fraction of nanoparticulate mass of these pathfinder elements is held in particles below the spICP-MS size detection limits. We found that among the five pathfinders tested, Ag behaved uniquely, with respect to both the fraction of its total concentration present as nanoparticles and its logarithmic particle size distribution. Both observations may indicate dissolution/reprecipitation of Ag, or size-dependent transport mechanisms for its dispersal. This study provides insight into the role of nanoparticles in forming stream sediment geochemical anomalies, and suggests that spICP-MS may be a useful complement to conventional techniques for future mineral exploration.
Glaciogenic structures at Ordovician tunnel valley margins and their implications for tunnel valley genesis in southern Jordan
Authors: Powell John H. , Masri Ahmed , Ibrahim Khalil M. , Hussein Mohammad Ali , Moumani Khaled
Published: January 2025

Penecontemporaneous deformation and erosional structures are described from the inclined bedrock margins of Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) tunnel valleys in southern Jordan. These include micro-faults, glacial striae and grooves, and newly described micro-slips. Together with the basal glacial diamictites, they indicate contact of the basal ice mass with the underlying Late Ordovician bedrock (the Tubayliyat Sandstone Formation) during erosion of the tunnel valleys. The striae/grooves are oriented parallel and at right angles to the tunnel axes; this latter sense of movement is supported by the associated micro-slips and the throw on the micro-faults. Two types of glacial margin are present: erosional or folded (ductile deformation). Locally preserved basal diamictites (tillites), including far-travelled granitoid and metamorphic clasts derived from the Arabian Shield, support a primary ice–bedrock erosional origin for the tunnel valleys. The presence of abundant erosional/deformational structures oriented towards the tunnel valley axes indicate subsequent movement of the basal ice mass towards the tunnel valley axes, possibly as a result of the collapse of sub-glacial streams during deglaciation. The deformational features are interpreted as the result of high hydrostatic groundwater pressure in the bedrock at the base of the ice sheet. The tunnel valleys were subsequently modified and infilled by two or more phases of fluvio-glacial siliciclastic sedimentation.
Authorship Attribution in the Era of LLMs: Problems, Methodologies, and Challenges
Authors: Huang Baixiang , Chen Canyu , Shu Kai
Published: January 2025

Accurate attribution of authorship is crucial for maintaining the integrity of digital content, improving forensic investigations, and mitigating the risks of misinformation and plagiarism. Addressing the imperative need for proper authorship attribution is essential to uphold the credibility and accountability of authentic authorship. The rapid advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have blurred the lines between human and machine authorship, posing significant challenges for traditional methods. We present a comprehensive literature review that examines the latest research on authorship attribution in the era of LLMs. This survey systematically explores the landscape of this field by categorizing four representative problems: (1) Human-written Text Attribution; (2) LLM-generated Text Detection; (3) LLM-generated Text Attribution; and (4) Human-LLM Co-authored Text Attribution. We also discuss the challenges related to ensuring the generalization and explainability of authorship attribution methods. Generalization requires the ability to generalize across various domains, while explainability emphasizes providing transparent and understandable insights into the decisions made by these models. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of existing methods and benchmarks, we identify key open problems and future research directions in this field. This literature review serves a roadmap for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the state of the art in this rapidly evolving field. Additional resources and a curated list of papers are available and regularly updated at https://llm-authorship.github.io/.
FT-Shield: A Watermark Against Unauthorized Fine-tuning in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Authors: Cui Yingqian , Ren Jie , Lin Yuping , Xu Han , He Pengfei , Xing Yue , Lyu Lingjuan , Fan Wenqi , Liu Hui , Tang Jiliang
Published: January 2025

Text-to-image generative models, especially those based on latent diffusion models (LDMs), have demonstrated outstanding ability in generating high-quality and high-resolution images from textual prompts. With this advancement, various fine-tuning methods have been developed to personalize text-to-image models for specific applications such as artistic style adaptation and human face transfer. However, such advancements have raised copyright concerns, especially when the data are used for personalization without authorization. For example, a malicious user can employ fine-tuning techniques to replicate the style of an artist without consent. In light of this concern, we propose FT-Shield, a watermarking solution tailored for the fine-tuning of text-to-image diffusion models. FT-Shield addresses copyright protection challenges by designing new watermark generation and detection strategies. In particular, it introduces an innovative algorithm for watermark generation. It ensures the seamless transfer of watermarks from training images to generated outputs, facilitating the identification of copyrighted material use. To tackle the variability in fine-tuning methods and their impact on watermark detection, FT-Shield integrates a Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach for watermark detection. Comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our proposed FT-Shield.
Graph Fairness via Authentic Counterfactuals: Tackling Structural and Causal Challenges
Authors: Wang Zichong , Yin Zhipeng , Liu Fang , Liu Zhen , Lisetti Christine , Yu Rui , Wang Shaowei , Liu Jun , Ganapati Sukumar , Zhou Shuigeng , Zhang Wenbin
Published: January 2025

The extensive use of graph-based Machine Learning (ML) decision-making systems has raised numerous concerns about their potential discrimination, especially in domains with high societal impact. Various fair graph methods have thus been proposed, primarily relying on statistical fairness notions that emphasize sensitive attributes as a primary source of bias, leaving other sources of bias inadequately addressed. Existing works employ counterfactual fairness to tackle this issue from a causal perspective. However, these approaches suffer from two key limitations: they overlook hidden confounders that may affect node features and graph structure, leading to an oversimplification of causality and the inability to generate authentic counterfactual instances; they neglect graph structure bias, resulting in over-correlation of sensitive attributes with node representations. In response, this paper introduces the Authentic Graph Counterfactual Generator (AGCG), a novel framework designed to mitigate graph structure bias through a novel fair message-passing technique and to improve counterfactual sample generation by inferring hidden confounders. Comprising four key modules - subgraph selection, fair node aggregation, hidden confounder identification, and counterfactual instance generation - AGCG offers a holistic approach to advancing graph model fairness in multiple dimensions. Empirical studies conducted on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of AGCG in promoting fair graph-based decision-making.
Foundation Models for Translational Cancer Biology
Authors: Tsang Kevin K. , Kivelson Sophia , Acitores Cortina Jose M. , Kuchi Aditi , Berkowitz Jacob S. , Liu Hongyu , Srinivasan Apoorva , Friedrich Nadine A. , Fatapour Yasaman , Tatonetti Nicholas P.
Published: January 2025

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. The complexity and diversity of cancer-related datasets across different specialties pose challenges in refining precision medicine for oncology. Foundation models offer a promising solution. Trained on vast amounts of data, these models develop a broad understanding across a wide range of tasks. We examine the role of foundation models in domains relevant to cancer research, including natural language processing, computer vision, molecular biology, and cheminformatics. Through a review of state-of-the-art methods, we explore how these models have already advanced translational cancer research goals such as precision tumor classification and artificial intelligence–assisted surgery. We also discuss prospective advances in areas like early tumor detection, personalized cancer treatment, and drug discovery. This review provides researchers with a curated set of resources and methodologies, offers practitioners a deeper understanding of how these models enhance cancer care, and points to opportunities for future applications of foundation models in cancer research.
Organic Mixed Conductors for Neural Biomimicry and Biointerfacing
Authors: Gao Dace , van der Pol Tom P.A. , Musumeci Chiara , Tu Deyu , Fabiano Simone
Published: January 2025

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) could revolutionize bioelectronics by enabling seamless integration with biological systems. This review explores their role in neural biomimicry and biointerfacing, with a focus on how backbone design, sidechain optimization, and antiambipolarity impact performance. Recent advances highlight OMIECs’ biocompatibility and mechanical compliance, making them ideal for bioelectronic applications. However, challenges such as mechanical mismatch and electrical impedance remain. We discuss innovative solutions to these issues, enhancing OMIEC functionality. In neuromorphic bioelectronics, OMIECs show promise for bridging artificial and biological neural systems, though further improvements in conductivity and resolution are needed. Continued innovation in materials and design is crucial to unlocking their full potential, driving advancements in both technology and medicine.
Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of Fentanyl
Authors: Martinez Suky , Ellis Jennifer D. , Bergeria Cecilia L. , Huhn Andrew S. , Dunn Kelly E.
Published: January 2025

The opioid crisis, driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, presents significant challenges in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid withdrawal syndrome. Fentanyl is uniquely lethal due to its rapid onset and respiratory depressant effects, driving the surge in overdose deaths. This review examines the limitations of traditional diagnostic criteria like those of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) and explores the potential of dimensional models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) for a more nuanced understanding of OUD. Current treatments, including medications for OUD, are evaluated for efficacy in managing fentanyl-related OUD. Innovations in drug formulations and alternative induction methods are discussed to address the unique challenges posed by fentanyl. Psychotherapeutic and behavioral interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management, are highlighted as crucial complements to pharmacotherapy. The review underscores the need for increased precision, comprehensive phenotyping, and advanced diagnostics to develop personalized treatment plans, all with the aim of improving patient outcomes and mitigating the societal impact of the opioid crisis.
Effects of High Dietary Inclusion of Defatted Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Meal as a Fish Meal Substitute on Growth, Histological Traits, and Health Performances of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Hossain Md. Sakhawat , Hamidoghli Ali , Hong Jeongwhui , Sealey Wendy , Small Brian C.
Published: January 2025

The digestibility of defatted mealworm (DMW, Tenebrio molitor) and its substitution for fishmeal (FM) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets was determined. In the first trial, a diet with 40% FM was considered as the control (Diet 1), and four other diets replaced 25% (Diet 2), 50% (Diet 3), 75% (Diet 4), and 100% (Diet 5) of FM with DMW. In the second trial, the in vivo digestibility of DMW was assessed. Results of the first trial showed no significant differences in fish growth and feed utilization performance among dietary groups (p  > 0.05). Fish fed the highest DMW level showed significantly higher whole‐body lipid and energy composition compared to fish fed the control diet. Substitution of FM with DMW did not significantly affect hematological electrolyte, acid–base, and blood gas parameters, except for sodium (Na) concentration. The measured mean score of histopathological features did not show significant degradation of the distal intestine when FM was completely replaced. A significantly lower liver inflammation was observed in fish‐fed Diet 3 compared to fish‐fed Diet 5. Based on the results of the second experiment, the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and phosphorus were 80%, 87%, 100%, 84%, and 90%, respectively, and all essential amino acid digestibility coefficients were >90%. Overall, the highly digestible DMW can fully replace FM in the diet, up to 40% as fed, with little to no impact on the health, growth performance, feed efficiency, and fillet composition. When considering all parameters evaluated, an inclusion level between 20% and 30% (as fed) or 50%–75% of FM replacement was found to yield the best performance and fish health.
Longitudinal Viral Load Clustering for People With HIV Using Functional Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Ma Yunqing , Yang Xueying , Xiao Jiayang , Li Xiaoming , Olatosi Bankole , Zhang Jiajia
Published: January 2025

Background: Longitudinal measures of viral load (VL) are critical in monitoring the HIV status. While multiple lab indicators exist for monitoring measures of VL, research on clustering historical/longitudinal VL measures is limited. Analyzing longitudinal VL patterns rather than aggregated measures offers deeper insights into HIV status. This study uses functional data clustering to classify longitudinal VL patterns and characterize each cluster by demographics, comorbidities, social behaviors, and CD4 count.

Methods: Adult PWH diagnosed from 2005 to 2015 in South Carolina with a 5‐year minimum follow‐up were included. We compared functional principal component analysis (FPCA), K‐means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian mixture models for classification and found FPCA yielded the best results. ANOVA was used to compare VL characteristics, demographics, comorbidities, substance uses, and longitudinal CD4 count across clusters.

Results: Results obtained from FPCA could best distinguish the characteristics and patterns into four clusters. A total of 5916 PWH were grouped into long‐term VS group (Cluster 1, 17.3%), short‐term VS group (Cluster 2, 29.8%), suboptimal VS group (Cluster 3, 28.3%), and viral failure group (Cluster 4, 24.9%). In the long‐term VS group with an average of 11‐year follow‐up, PWH displayed sustained VS (95.3%) and lower mean CD4 count (95.3%) than other clusters. The short‐term VS group had shorter follow‐up (6 years), more comorbidities (31.4%), and lower percentage of time with low CD4 count (79.9%). In suboptimal VS group, PWH were mostly under 30 years old (44.8%) and Black (77.2%), with relatively lower mean VL (92.9%) and lower VR history (18.4%). In the viral failure group, PWH had higher mean VL (40.6%) and lower mean CD4 count (34.7%).

Discussion: The findings highlight the impact of continuous clustering in understanding the distinct viral profiles of PWH and emphasize the importance of tailored treatment and insights to target interventions for all PWH.
Fixed Point Theorems on Controlled Orthogonal δ‐Metric‐Type Spaces and Applications to Fractional Integrals
Authors: Samuel Benitha Wises , Mani Gunaseelan , Ganesh Purushothaman , Thabet Sabri T. M. , Kedim Imed
Published: January 2025

In this article, we introduce a notion of controlled orthogonal δ‐metric‐type spaces with an example. Further, we prove a contraction theorem and a generalized fixed point theorem in controlled orthogonal δ‐metric‐type spaces. Finally, we illustrate two applications of the obtained fixed point results on the Atangana–Baleanu fractional integrals and the Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. These applications showcase the versatility and efficacy of the developed theoretical framework in addressing real‐world mathematical problems.
Overexpression of SFPQ Improves Cognition and Memory in AD Mice
Authors: Tie Jinshan , Wu Hongxiang , Liu Wei , Li Yuying , Li Lu , Zhao Suju , Yuan Zhijiao , Mahmood Khan , Chen Shaochun , Wu Huidong
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multifaceted pathogenesis, which has been extensively investigated, yet effective treatments remain lacking. Splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) is known to play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, including antioxidant‐related functions and regulating gene expression within brain neurons. However, the specific role of SFPQ in AD pathology is not well understood. In this study, an AD mouse model was established through lateral ventricular injection of amyloid‐beta1–42 (Aβ1–42). Subsequently, adeno‐associated virus was administered to overexpress SFPQ in the hippocampus of AD mice. The results demonstrate that SFPQ overexpression improves recognition and memory in AD mice, while reducing AD‐related marker proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau. Additionally, synaptic and memory‐associated proteins, as well as antioxidant proteins like glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), were upregulated. The ratio of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 to proapoptotic protein Bax also increased. Furthermore, phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (p‐PI3K)/PI3K and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p‐AKT)/AKT ratios were elevated, indicating activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that SFPQ may serve as a promising molecular target for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Figure S1 from Potential Synergistic Effect between Niraparib and Statins in Ovarian Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhang Hailei , Rutkowska Anna , González-Martín Antonio , Mirza Mansoor R. , Monk Bradley J. , Vergote Ignace , Pothuri Bhavana , Graybill Whitney A. Spannuth , Goessel Carsten , Barbash Olena , Bergamini Giovanna , Feng Bin
Published: January 2025

Retrospective analysis of PRIMA clinical trial – stratified by patient characteristics (age and weight) and statin treatment (type of statin and its dose level)
Apresentação
Authors: Nassar Paulo , Farias Luiz Alberto de
Published: January 2025

Presentación de la 4ª edición de la Revista Interfaces da Comunicação
Three-Dimensional CT for Preprocedural Planning of PCI for Ostial Right Coronary Artery Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: van den Buijs Deborah M.F. , Poels Ella M. , Willems Endry , Cottens Daan , Dotremont Kevin , De Leener Karen , Meekers Evelyne , Ferdinande Bert , Vrolix Mathias , Dens Joseph , Ameloot Koen
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Geographic stent-ostium mismatch is an important predictor of target lesion failure after percutaneous coronary intervention of an aorto-ostial right coronary artery lesion. Optimal visualization of the aorto-ostial plane is crucial for precise stent implantation at the level of the ostium. This study investigates whether preprocedural 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT), with determination of the optimal viewing angle, would allow for more precise stent implantation and reduce procedure time, contrast, and radiation dose.

METHODS:

In this single-center, prospective, open-label, core-laboratory blinded trial, a total of 30 patients with an aorto-ostial right coronary artery lesion were randomly assigned to either percutaneous coronary intervention with a preprocedural 3DCT or angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention. The optimal working view angle was determined by 3DCT in the intervention group and by the operators’ discretion in the control group. The primary end point was the percentage of patients without geographic mismatch, as determined by intravascular ultrasound.

RESULTS:

3DCT-determined C-arm angles were heterogenous but, in general, more extreme left anterior oblique projections were used (
P
<0.0001). While stent implantation was in the optimal position in all patients randomized to the intervention group, geographic mismatch was present in 5 (33%) patients randomized to the control group (
P
=0.06). The mean amount of procedural contrast (
P
<0.0001), mean radiation (
P
=0.03), and median procedure time (
P
=0.03) were significantly lower in the intervention group. The 3DCT scan was able to predict the calcium arc (
P
<0.0001) and minimal lumen area by intravascular ultrasound (
P
=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Preprocedural 3DCT planning for percutaneous coronary intervention of aorto-ostial right coronary artery lesions allows for optimal stent positioning while reducing procedure time, contrast, and radiation dose.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05172323.
Enlightenment in the Dark Forest: Chan/Zen in Cixin Liu’s Three Body Trilogy
Authors: Van Overmeire Ben
Published: January 2025

This article explores the Chan/Zen Buddhist elements in Cixin Liu’s Three Body science fiction trilogy, particularly through the character of Luo Ji 羅輯. By exploring these references, the provocative moral and political philosophy articulated in the books can be better understood. Ultimately, I argue that Liu presents a modified version of Chan/Zen as the philosophy best fit for confronting a hostile universe.
Dialogical Aperture – Martin Buber’s Philosophy of Dialogue and Lu Nan’s Photography
Authors: Zhang Ping
Published: January 2025

This paper explores Martin Buber’s dialogical philosophy and its influence on Lu Nan’s 呂楠 photography. By comparing Lu Nan’s trilogy, which documents marginalized communities in China, with Tyagan Miller’s Covenant: Scenes from an African American Church, the study examines how Buber’s I-Thou concept shapes their practices. It highlights their efforts to transcend the subjectivity-objectivity divide in photography, as suggested by Susan Sontag. Through the “Dialogical Aperture” framework, this research provides insights into the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of documentary photography, proposing Buber’s philosophy as a pathway to more authentic representations of reality.
A Philosophy of Constancy in Change: Reading Gadamer in Light of Fundamental Themes in Chung-Ying Cheng
Authors: Fuyarchuk Andrew
Published: January 2025

The Western tradition of metaphysics has been criticized by Chung-ying Cheng on the grounds that it does not have any fruitful bearing on practice. This judgement, however, depends on a concept of metaphysics that Gadamer overturns with a Pythagorean-Platonic ontology. When this side of his philosophy is developed in tandem with Cheng’s onto-generative hermeneutics, in particular its doctrine of harmonization, new possibilities for self-understanding in relation to the grounds of existence are charted: The event of Being emerges from the reciprocity of rhythm in a dialogue self-similar to the rhythms of nature grasped by Cheng in terms of yin and yang. This consolidates a cross-fertilization between Cheng and Gadamer on the trans-historical foundations of hermeneutics.
Curating Queer Feminist Cinema: A Conversation Between Selina Robertson and James S. Williams
Authors: Robertson Selina , Williams James S.
Published: January 2025

“Curating Queer Feminist Cinema” examines the relations between the local and the transnational by considering the history and politics of queer feminist film curation in London. It takes the form of a conversation between the editor of the Special Issue, James S. Williams, and British queer feminist film programmer and curator Selina Robertson, who co-founded Club des Femmes, a London-based queer feminist curating collective. The discussion considers archiving queer history in cinema, feminism, queer and trans community, and film curatorial practice as research and a form of cultural and collective memory.
Polyalthia khaosokense (Annonaceae), a new species from Peninsular Thailand with a key to the Polyalthia evecta species complex
Authors: BUNCHALEE PASAKORN , LEERATIWONG CHARAN , SINBUMROONG AROON
Published: January 2025

Polyalthia khaosokense, a new species from southern Thailand is described, and photographs and illustrations are provided. Additionally, the key to the species in the Polyalthia evecta complex has been updated to include the new species. Currently, the complex comprises 12 species, whereas the genus now includes 22 species in Thailand.
Cudonia mongolica sp. nov. (Cudoniaceae, Rhytismatales) from Mongolia
Authors: BURENBAATAR G. , CHEN ZHENG-QING , BAU TOLGOR
Published: January 2025

During an investigation of fungal species in Mongolia, some specimens with ascocarps growing on the humus layer accompanied by mosses were collected. Based on the ITS, LUS, RPB2 and TEF-1α fragments combined with morphological and molecular systematic studies, the fungus was identified as a new species of Cudonia, which is described and illustrated.
Checklist of Mammals of Syria
Authors: AIDEK AHMAD E. , IBRAHIM AMIR , AMR ZUHAIR , HUTTERER RAINER , KRYŠTUFEK BORIS , SERRA GIANLUCA , BENDA PETR , SHKAKY YESRA , BARBANERA FILIPPO , AL-SHEIKHLY OMAR F.
Published: January 2025

A checklist of the wild mammals of Syria including their current status and geographical distribution is provided. Data related to 110 mammalian species were collected following a comprehensive review of available literature records, grey data, and online observations combined with photographic evidence and in situ surveys carried out between 2006 and 2023. The checklist comprises seven orders, 36 families, 73 genera (subgenera), and 110 species, and includes data on 15 globally threatened species of wild mammals. Overall, we report up-to-date information on taxonomic revisions, historical and current geographical range, as well as the conservation status recently assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for one species of hyrax, two lagomorphs, 36 rodents, eight insectivores, 27 chiropterans, 20 carnivores, seven terrestrial artiodactyla, and nine cetaceans.
Introduction to Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae): morphology of adults
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: January 2025

Exo- and endoskeletal structures of Scydmaeninae are illustrated and described based on exemplary 351 species representing 116 genera and all tribes. Over 1700 illustrations show an unparallel morphological diversity of ant-like stone beetles, and introduce this group to coleopterists, setting standards for morphological descriptions. The morphological terminology is discussed and selected terms are defined or clarified, to ensure unambiguous understanding of terms used by various authors in a different sense. Several selected problems are discussed in detail, as the cephalic structures; a possible hypopharyngeal, and not prelabial, origin of the ligula in some beetles; structures that increase the mechanical robustness of the thorax; the astounding plasticity of evolutionary changes in the ventral prothoracic and pterothoracic pleural structures; novel discoveries in the elytral locking system (incl. elytral-metanepisternal locking device); multiple migrations of the aedeagal membranous area retractor; and a parallelism between Scydmaeninae and Pselaphinae in male secondary sexual characters. Moreover, synapomorphies of Scydmaeninae are discussed, and perspectives for future studies are outlined.
Mixed Layer Depth Measurement in Coastal Waters Utilizing Atmospheric Muons
Authors: Korkmaz M. Akif , Demirköz M. Bilge
Published: January 2025

Mixed layer (ML) in oceans is defined as the less dense upper region of the water column where turbulent mixing occurs and water exhibits almost uniform density profile. Mixed layer depth (MLD) is the depth of this region and shows diurnal and seasonal fluctuations as well as spatial variations in different regions of water. The determination of MLD is an important indicator for climate change in bodies of water, and the novel method proposed here would allow for a continuous monitoring of MLD. Atmospheric muon count is proportional to the density of water which can be measured by counting muons at the bottom and comparing with a shore-based or buoy-based muon counter. Combining this measurement with sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) data from Earth-observing satellites, daily mean MLD can be estimated with an accuracy of 3% for down to 60-m depth. To determine MLD from muon count difference between surface and bottom detectors, a new method was introduced to calculate MLD using average density of water column. A Geant4 model was made to show the validity and limitations of the method. Unlike open ocean, the system can measure MLD in shallow coastal waters where muon count at the bottom is enough for daily based measurements. The proposed method can provide continuous in situ measurement of MLD in coastal shallow waters, and these data can be used to provide boundary conditions for hydrodynamic and ecosystem models.

Significance Statement

In our work, we proposed a scintillator-based underwater muon detection system which can measure average water column density by counting surviving atmospheric muons at the bottom of the shallow coastal waters. Combining this measurement with the sea surface temperature, salinity, and altimetry data from Earth-observing satellites, MLD can be estimated. In accordance with UN-SDG-14: Life Below Water, the determination of MLD is an important indicator for climate change in bodies of water, and the novel method proposed here would allow for a continuous monitoring of MLD.
Metronidazole is a chromatographic interference on a routine HPLC-UV assay for thiopurine metabolites
Authors: Wood Andrew A , Mason Sophie Rothwell , Robson Anna F
Published: January 2025

Background

Thiopurine metabolites, 6-thioguanine (6TG) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6MMP), are monitored to aid therapeutic management of thiopurine drugs. At Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), thiopurine metabolites are measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Whole blood samples are lysed and subjected to hydrolysis with derivatisation of 6MMP before HPLC-UV detection at 304 nm for the 6MMP-derivative and 342 nm for 6TG. For some samples, 6MMP cannot be reported due to a chromatographic interference at 304 nm co-eluting with the 6MMP peak. An investigation was performed to identify the interfering compound.

Methods

Patient medication histories were examined to identify candidate compounds for the interference. Candidate compounds were spiked into blood at supraphysiological concentrations and tested on the assay.

Results

Metronidazole was identified as being prescribed to all patients whose samples demonstrated the interference. Metronidazole and its metabolite, hydroxymetronidazole, were spiked into blood. HPLC-UV analysis of spiked blood demonstrated similar UV absorbance patterns to those seen in patient samples with the interference. Hydroxymetronidazole co-eluted with 6MMP causing interference in the measurement.

Conclusion

Metronidazole and its major metabolite can interfere with 6MMP measurement by HPLC-UV analysis at 304 nm.
How to Implement Bottom-Up Organizing: Lessons from Agile Piloting and Scaling
Authors: Klarner Patricia , Ambos Tina , Birkinshaw Julian
Published: January 2025

Novel bottom-up forms of organizing, such as agile, have become increasingly prevalent in companies. While such organizing forms emphasize bottom-up employee involvement, they also require commitment from top-level executives. However, knowledge about how companies can move from piloting to scaling agile and top-level executives’ role in managing this transition is currently limited. This article’s analysis of six leading organizations unveils the tensions that top executives need to anticipate and address in each phase of the implementation process to support and progress bottom-up organizing. It also suggests selective interventions that top executives can make to keep the agile implementation process on track.
Descriptive Norms, Personal Values, Organizational Pro-Environmental Support: Providing Intrinsic or Extrinsic Attributions to Increase Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Straus Eva , Unsworth Kerrie L. , Korunka Christian
Published: January 2025

In response to the climate crisis, organizations are encouraging employees to adopt pro-environmental behavior (PEB). While descriptive norm interventions (e.g., many people engaging in PEBs) are generally positive, mixed findings suggest an alternative approach may maximize effects. Using self-concordance theory, we hypothesize that the attribution of normative behavior (intrinsic/extrinsic) interacts with personal values to motivate behavior, especially for those with extrinsic values. In a time-lagged experiment with 1,712 participants, we tested descriptive norms with either intrinsic or extrinsic attributions, a norm-only condition, or no norm. Surprisingly, self-concordant attributions did not increase PEB, and extrinsic attributions led to a greater increase than intrinsic or norm-only conditions. Organizational pro-environmental support correlated independently with PEB but the moderation effect was non-significant. These counterintuitive findings suggest further exploration and implications for future research.