bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INHALATION THERAPY - APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sayani , S Sogali Bharani
Published: April 2018

Inhalation therapy is an effective way for local and systemic delivery of miscellaneous drugs for pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. The inhalation therapy aims to target specific cells or regions of the lung, bypassing the lung’s clearance mechanisms and thereby providing high retention of the drug for longer periods. It helps in improved penetration of intravenously administered antibiotics into lung parenchymal tissue and bronchial secretions, and as a result, their potential systemic toxicity is reduced when given over prolonged periods of time. The advancement in device technology supports the development of more efficient therapy in the form of delivering finer particles into the lung in large doses. Therefore, meticulous daily management of lung disease, together with prompt, aggressive treatment of exacerbations can be achieved through inhalation to preserve lung function. This review summarizes the features of inhalation delivery devices, their advantages and limitations, challenges in formulation and brief description of novel technologies currently marketed.
A MYCOLOGICAL STUDY OF CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM SUSPECTED MYCOSES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Devrari Jitendra Chandra , Saxena Varsha , Pai Vidya
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the fungal agents obtained from clinical samples of suspected mycoses patients attending Yenepoya hospital.Methods: Various clinical samples obtained from patients were subjected to preliminary examination according to standard mycological protocols such as KOH mount, wet mount, Gram’s staining, and Indian ink examination. Causative organisms were identified by macroscopically and microscopically after growth on sabouraud’s dextrose agar (with or without cycloheximide and chloramphenicol) and confirmed by lactophenol cotton blue mount, slide culture technique, urease test, and growth on chrome agar accordingly.Results: Of 274 clinical samples, 125 were culture positive in which the fungal isolates obtained were dermatophytes (all 3 genera), Candida species (including Candida albicans), Fusarium species, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Male predominance was found among the patients being 6:3 male:female ratio.Conclusion: Among the superficial infection, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was found to be predominant isolates; however, in systemic infection, C. albicans was the predominant isolates.
Enseñar química en contexto: un recorrido por los proyectos de química en contexto desde la década de los 80 hasta la actualidad
Authors: Caamaño Aureli
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo realiza un recorrido por la evolución de los currículos y los proyectos de química en contexto desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad, destacando cómo las reformas de los sistemas educativos y las nuevas perspectivas y enfoques didácticos han ido conformando cambios en el currículum de química en las últimas cuatro décadas. El estudio intenta recoger las innovaciones y los materiales curriculares más significativos que se han desarrollado en EUA y en varios países europeos y latinoamericanos, iniciando el recorrido en los años 60 y 70 para poder comprender mejor el cambio que ha significado la incorporación de la perspectiva CTS y de la química en contexto en el currículum de química.
The Effect of Guide Reading and Summary Procedure (GRASP) toward the Second year Students’ Reading Comprehensions at SMA Negeri 02 Tapung Hilir
Authors: Kirana Candra
Published: April 2018

Guide reading and Summary Procedure (GRASP) is an innovation classroom procedure for teaching reading strategy, enable students to understand what they are reading and compose summaries of their reading. Type of this research is an experimental research with using quantitative data. It involved two class; they were experimental and control class. This research was conducted of the second year’s student at SMA Negeri 02 Tapung Hilir. The population of this research was conducted the second year’s students by using cluster sampling that consists of 52 person. The data collection technique has done by using questionnaires. The result of this research, it was found that the mean of the student’s pre-test score that consists of 55.23, while the mean of the students’ post-test score that consists of 76.15. So, there was increase point about 20.92 % from pre-test to post-test. And the other side t_obs was 3.31 and t_table was on the level of significant 1% with degree of freedom (df) = 50 was 2,66 and on the level significant 5% with degree of freedom (df) = 50 was 2,00. It means that by using Guide Reading and Summary Procedure (GRAPS) strategy gave positive improvement to the students’ reading comprehension.
Mercado de produtos e serviços para animais silvestres de estimação no município de Belém (PA)
Authors: Barbosa Bianca , Barbosa Bianca Barreto , Rebello Fabrício Khoury , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia
Published: April 2018

The market of wild animals for the company is constantly growing. The search for wild species has attracted many consumers and this growth helps other sectors such as products, equipment and services specific to these animals. This study evaluates aspects of the existing supply in this market, encompassing the characterization of bidders, products and services available for wild animals in Belém. The study comprising two stages. At first, a survey was conducted in Junta Comercial do Estado do Pará (JUCEPA) for identification of breeders, pet shops and other establishments that sell animals, feed, accessories and provide services to this segment. The second step was the application of questionnaires to the owners of the establishments identified in JUCEPA. The questionnaire was structured in order to know the profile of the bidders and characteristics of the products and services offered. Was used descriptive statistics to evaluate the result. Were visited 55 establishments, including 18 districts of the town. Within the 55 visited places, 20 was submitted to the questionnaires of marketed products or services for wild animals. Considering the people interviewed, 70% are pet shops, veterinary clinics 15%, 10% veterinary food stores and 5% medical associations and pet stores. The services offered to wild and exotic animals in these establishments, in decreasing order of occurrence are: clinical care (26.09%), examinations (21.74%), nutritional guidance (17.39%), vaccines (13.04 %), cutting feathers and nails (13.04%), management orientation (4.35%) and sex determination by DNA for birds (4.35%). Despite the potential, this segment still notice a lack of definition of its contours, which also cause low dynamism in this market. Factors such as the offers not know institutional insecurity caused by binding of distorted information about this market and the consumer profile are some of the causes for the decrease in dynamism. Some alternatives to minimize these problems would be the increased disclosure and the appearance of services and products that meet the demands of consumers and the demystification by linking more precise information on the legal market related to wildlife.
Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis: a tertiary care hospital data
Authors: ASLANTAŞ Merve , KILIÇASLAN Önder , ENGİN Muhammet Mesut Nezir , BÜYÜK Nursel , YALÇIN Gülşen , ANKARALI Handan , TEMİZKAN Ramazan Cahit , KOCABAY Kenan
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the
prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in patients who applied with the complaint
of acute gastroenteritis to the emergency department of our tertiary health care
provider hospitals.

Methods: 1712
patients with the complaint of acute gastroenteritis were included in the study
and the study was done retrospectively from patient records.Results: Stool
(faeces) samples have been sent from 1712 patients who applied to emergency services
with the complaint of acute gastroenteritis for 3 years. Of these, 17.5% (n=301)
rotavirus antigen and 3.5% (n=61) adenovirus antigen were detected as positive.
It was observed that 56% (n=203) of the positive cases were male and 44% (n=159)
were female. The rotavirus antigen was statistically significantly higher in
the 0-4 age group than the other age groups.

Conclusion: Acute gastroenteritis
is an important health problem in children. Especially, the frequency of
rotavirus was observed to be higher in children under 4 years of age and in
this age group patients the use of rotavirus rapid diagnostic tests rather than
viral culture methods may be helpful to early diagnosis thus to reduce unnecessary
antibiotic use.
INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETIC DATA BASED ON EULER DECONVOLUTION: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN HOST GOLD STRUCTURE IN THE NORTHEASTERN PORTION OF THE QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO, MG, BRAZIL
Authors: Madeira Thiago José Augusto , Barbosa Maria Silvia Carvalho , Borges Antonino Juarez
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT. The study of the geometry and kinematics of deep geological structures, bearing mineralization, has advanced greatly by the aggressive progress of geophysical techniques over the last decades. The gold mineralization located in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero has its genesis controlled by shear zones. The geophysical analysis (aeromagnetic and aero-electromagnetic) by means of two-dimensional magnetic data inversion profiles (Euler deconvolution) and later interpolation, provided the 3D configuration of a tectonic-structural geological model, explaining the spatial configuration of lithostratigraphic and structural units, and kinematics features of the main shear zone mineralized in gold in the northeastern portion of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. The processing of airborne geophysical magnetic data of the Rio das Velhas Project provided the generation of inversion profiles with outputs up to 5000 m deep, opening new windows for gold prospection at the surroundings of the main gold mineralized structure in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. The integration of geological, geophysical data and field observations was essential for the final results of this work.Keywords: South America, mineral prospecting, Euler deconvolution.RESUMO. O estudo da geometria e cinemática de estruturas geológicas de alta profundidade, portadoras de mineralizações, tem sido cada vez mais viabilizado pelo avanço agressivo das técnicas geofísicas nas últimas décadas. As mineralizações de ouro localizadas no Quadrilátero Ferrífero têm a sua gênese controlada por zonas de cisalhamento. A análise geofísica (magnetometria e eletromagnetometria de dados aerolevantados) através de perfis de inversão bidimensionais (deconvolução de Euler) e posterior interpolação, possibilitou a configuração 3D de um modelo geológico tectono-estrutural, que permitisse uma análise e sugestão descritiva da configuração espacial de unidades litoestratigráficas, estruturais e cinemática da principal zona de cisalhamento mineralizada em ouro do nordeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. O processamento de dados magnetométricos aerogeofísicos do Projeto Rio das Velhas possibilitou a geração de perfis de inversão com respostas de até 5000 m de profundidade, abrindo novas janelas para a prospecção de ouro nas adjacências da principal estrutura mineralizada em ouro do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. A integração de dados geológicos, aerogeofísicos e de observações de campo foi fundamental para os resultados finais deste trabalho.Palavras-chave: América do Sul, prospecção mineral, deconvolução de Euler.
On coupled Hadamard type sequential fractional differential equations with variable coefficients and nonlocal integral boundary conditions
Authors: Aljoudi Shorog , Ahmad Bashir , Nieto Juan , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we develop the existence criteria for the solutions of a
system of Hadamard type sequential fractional differential equations with
variable coefficients and nonlocal integral boundary conditions. The main
results rely on the standard tools of fixed-point theory. An illustrative
example is also discussed.
Generalized Baskakov Kantorovich operators
Authors: Agrawal P.N. , Goyal Meenu
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we construct generalized Baskakov Kantorovich operators. We
establish some direct results and then study weighted approximation,
simultaneous approximation and statistical convergence properties for these
operators. Finally, we obtain the rate of convergence for functions having a
derivative coinciding almost everywhere with a function of bounded variation
for these operators.
Effect of Surface Sealants and Polishing Time on Composite Surface Roughness and Microhardness
Authors: Ruschel VC , Bona VS , Baratieri LN , Maia HP
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealants and polishing delay time on a nanohybrid resin composite roughness and microhardness. Eighty disc specimens were made with a nanohybrid resin (Esthet-X HD, Dentsply). The specimens were divided into two groups (n=40) according to polishing time: immediate, after 10 minutes; delayed, after 48 hours. Each group was subdivided into four groups (n=10), according to the surface treatment: CG, control–rubber points (Jiffy Polishers, Ultradent); PP, rubber points + surface sealant (PermaSeal, Ultradent); PF, rubber points + surface sealant (Fortify, Bisco); PB, rubber points + surface sealant (BisCover, Bisco). Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (50 g/15 seconds) were measured. Surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=0.05). PermaSeal roughness (G2) in the delayed polishing group was significantly higher (p=0.00) than that of the other groups. No difference was observed among the groups between immediate and delayed polishing (p=1.00), except for PermaSeal (p=0.00). Moreover, PermaSeal showed the lowest microhardness values (p=0.00) for immediate polishing. Microhardness was higher at delayed polishing for all the surface treatments (p=0.00) except Fortify (p=0.73). Surface smoothness similar to polishing with rubber points was achieved when surface sealants were used, except for PermaSeal surface sealant, which resulted in a less smooth resin composite surface. However, surface sealant application did not significantly improve composite resin microhardness.
Does Shortened Application Time Affect Long-Term Bond Strength of Universal Adhesives to Dentin?
Authors: Saikaew P , Matsumoto M , Chowdhury AFMA , Carvalho RM , Sano H
Published: April 2018

Objective:

This study evaluated the effect of shortened application time on long-term bond strength with universal adhesives.

Methods and Materials:

Three universal adhesives were used: Clearfil Universal Bond (CU, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Tokyo, Japan), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SB, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) or G-Premio Bond (GP, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan). Sixty molars were cut to expose midcoronal dentin and prepared with a regular diamond bur. Each adhesive was applied either according to the manufacturer's instruction or with shortened time. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and then cut into resin-dentin sticks. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was tested after either 24 hours or 1 year of water storage. Data were analyzed by the three-way ANOVA and Duncan tests (α=0.05). Fracture modes were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). One dentin stick per group was selected after fracture mode analysis and further observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Six additional dentin discs were prepared and conditioned with each adhesive under the different application time to observe the adhesive-smear layer interaction by SEM.

Results:

Shortened application time affected the μTBS (p<0.001) while storage time did not affect bond strength (p=0.187). A significant effect of shortened application time on μTBS was observed in the CU at 1 year and in the GP at both storage times.

Conclusions:

One-year storage time had no effect on the μTBS of universal adhesives to bur-cut dentin. The performance of universal adhesives can be compromised when applied using a shortened application time.
MARKETING AUDIT AS THE INSTRUMENT OF MARKETING INCREASE EFFICIENCY WHITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY
Authors: Derev’yanchenko Tetyana , Benivska Inna
Published: April 2018

In the article it was examined the theoretical aspects of marketing audit as a method of determination and efficiency increase of enterprise marketing activity. The marketing audit intaking gives an opportunity of more optimal modern methods usage of planning, organization, monitoring and increase of marketing efficiency.
THE DAO OF ECOTRANSLATION IN POLISH AND UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION STUDIES
Authors: Babelyuk Oksana , Galaidin Andrii
Published: April 2018

The article is focused on the problem of ecotranslation as a new socio-cultural phenomenon in Polish and Ukrainian contemporary translation studies. It is proved that a new socio-ecological consciousness has led to the motivation for the conception of the Deep Ecology Movement, and then to ecotranslation/ecotranslatology proper. The authors substantiate that ecotranslation could be viewed from two perspectives: ecological (global) and cultural (national).
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) TERHADAP GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI SUKROSA
Authors: Yuniarti Elsa
Published: April 2018

Patients withdiabetes mellitus (DM) continues to grow because prosperity and people's lifestyles.Treatment of diabetes often usei njections of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. Thetreatment has no side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective drugs using plants thatred betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). Red betel leaf contains flavonoids which are antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect and dose of extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) The most effective agains blood glucose in mice(Mus musculusL.) male induced sucrose.This study was an experimental study. The research was conducted in October 2015 in the Division of Laboratory Animal and Zoology Department of Biology, State University of Padang. The subject of research in the form of mice (Mus musculus L.) males totaled 24 tails. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment is given as follows: treatment I: the diabetes control without any treatment given, treatment II: as a negative control (sucrose 3 g/kg bw), treatment III: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage 0,7 g/kg bw), treatment IV: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage 1,4 g/kg bw), treatment V: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage of 2,1 g/kg bw) and treatment VI: sucrose+suspension extracts red betel leaf (dosage 2,8 g/kg bw).The results showed that the extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) at a dose of 0,8 g/kg bw 1,4 g/kg bw 2,1 g/kg bw and 2,8 g/kg bw can lowers blood glucose in mice. However, the most appropriate dose in lowering blood glucose in mice (Mus musculus L.) at 2,8 g/kg bw in mice.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI STRATEGI INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NON ELEKTROLIT
Authors: Belviyani Jenny , Utami Lisa
Published: April 2018

This research was a quasi-experiment instigated by the low of student character building. This research aimed at knowing the effect of implementing character building through guided inquiry strategy on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution material at state senior high school 9 pekanbaru that characters studied were honesty, responsibility, cooperation, discipline, and curiosity. Purposive sampling was used in this research, and there were two classes of samples selected that the tenth grade of Natural Science 4 was as the experimental group taught by implementing Character Building through Guided Inquiry strategy and Natural Science 3 was as the control group taught by using discussion, question and answer methods. This research was conducted for three meetings. Documentation and observation were the techniques of collecting the data. T-test was used to know the research findings of student communication skill. Final data processing results showed that tobserved was 2.19 and ttable was 1.99, and it revealed that tobserved was higher than ttable. Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. There was an effect of implementing Character Building through Guided Inquiry strategy on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution material at State Senior High School 9 Pekanbaru, and its coefficient effect was 5.86%.
Clasroom Classroom Based Assessment Development for Improving Science Teacher’s Competency in Secondary School at Koto Tangah District
Authors: Ardi Ardi , Syamsurizal Syam , Muttaqiin Arief
Published: April 2018

The aims of developing classroom based assessment for science teacher at secondary school in Koto Tangah district are enhancing the science teacher’s competency and strengthening the principle of developing classroom based assessment. Participants are consisted of 35 junior high school science teacher in Koto Tangah district. Training and workshop method were used in this program to accomplish the goals. Before implementing the program, participants were given a prior knowledge about the basic rules of classroom based assessment. In addition, participants were given the instruction sheets to arrange the classroom based assessment and exercising to develop it with instructor’s guidance.
Reactive power management in photovoltaic installations connected to low-voltage grids to avoid active power curtailment.
Authors: J.F. Gómez-González  , D. Cañadillas-Ramallo  , B. González-Díaz  , J.A. Méndez-Pérez  , J. Rodríguez  , R. Guerrero-Lemus
Published: April 2018

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are traditionally designed to operate with unity power factors. In order to use reactive power capabilities of smart inverters, in this work two strategies are analysed: limiting the amount of active power delivered or oversizing the inverter. The first of these options implies a reduction in the PV production and therefore, it would lead to reduced earnings for the PV system owner. On the other hand, oversizing the PV inverter allows having reactive power compensation capabilities, while delivering full power output from its PV field.
Non-Conventional Network Analysis
Authors: Dr. Péter Kádár  , Senior member of IEEE
Published: April 2018

The development, operational control and evaluation of the events in the power system necessitate different network calculation methods. A stationary grid model is used for load distribution and contingency analysis. The classic load-flow algorithm is an iterative solution for equation system of thousands of variables. For the efficient computation of networks containing huge number of nodes and branches some acceleration and simplification algorithms are used, too (decoupled and DC load-flow). The emerging structures as the large non-meshed radial networks, microgrids, power quality islands open new frontiers instead of the exhaustive number-crunching techniques. The tasks can be rephrased, and the application of several intelligent computation methods can be relevant, as the artificial neural networks and some optimization techniques. This paper introduces the on- and off-line tasks of the network calculations, the existing methods and the novel techniques
Power Calculation Algorithm for Single-Phase Droop-Operated Inverters Considering Nonlinear Loads
Authors: J. El Mariachet  , J. Matas  , Helena Martín  , Abdullah Abusorrah
Published: April 2018

The average active and reactive powers, Pav and Qav, are crucial parameters that have to be calculated when sharing common loads between parallelized droop-operated single-phase inverters. However, low-pass filters (LPF) with very low cut-off frequency should be used to minimize the distortion impact in the amplitude and frequency references provided by the droop equations. This forces the control to operate at a very low dynamic velocity, degrading the stability of the parallelized system. For this reason, different solutions had been proposed to increase the droop operation velocity in literature, but with the consideration of only sharing linear loads. The issues derived from the sharing of nonlinear loads had not been properly considered. This paper proposes a method to calculate Pav and Qav using second order generalized integrators (SOGI) that increase the velocity of the droop control algorithm considering nonlinear loads as the design worst case scenario. Then it is employed a double SOGI (DSOGI) approach to filter the current non-sinusoidal waveform and provide the fundamental component, which results in a faster transient response and improves the system's stability. The proposed calculation method shows to be faster than other approaches when considering nonlinear loads. Simulations are provided to validate the proposal.
Synchronverters used for damping inter-area oscillations in two-area power systems
Authors: Moshe Blau  , George Weiss
Published: April 2018

This research demonstrates the potential contribution of synchronverters with virtual friction to the damping of interarea oscillations and the enhancement of the transient stability of a power system. Virtual friction creates additional torque acting on the virtual rotor of the synchronverter, which is equivalent to viscous friction being present between this synchronverter and the virtual rotor of another (usually remote) synchronverter or bus bar. This function is realized by creating communication lines between synchronverters in different areas of a power system and expanding the synchronverter algorithm. Our study is based on simulations in PSS/E for an IEEE benchmark two-area network.
Reduction of electricity cost in public administration through a distributed generation strategy
Authors: Vinicius Cypriano Doelinger Assad  , Oureste Elias Batista  , Francisco Bernardes Neto  , Murillo Cobe  Vargas
Published: April 2018

The use of distributed generation as an alternative to reduce energy costs in the city hall of Vitória, capital of state of Espirito Santo in Brazil, is proposed in this paper. Photovoltaic solar energy was considered and the system sizing was carried out based on the total cost of eletricity in 2016 (available at the City’s Transparency Website), resulting in a system with a total power of 78 MW. The financing scenarios were analyzed for acquisition of the system scaled with a horizon of 25 years. The results of the economic-financial analysis indicate that the investment is advantageous for the municipality and can bring great returns to the society
Inclusão educacional, digital e social de mulheres no interior da Paraíba: uma experiência na UFPB
Authors: Barbosa Rita Cristiana , Carvalho Maria Eulina Pessoa de , Montané López Alejandra
Published: April 2018

Este artigo discute questões de acesso à educação superior e inclusão digital de mulheres. Os sujeitos são alunas de três cursos de licenciatura na modalidade a distância ofertados pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Virtual: Letras, Pedagogia e Ciências Agrárias. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e exploratória, focada em perspectiva de gênero, com abordagens documental e empírica. O método empregado consistiu na análise textual discursiva de material composto de vários tipos de narrativas. No marco teórico, utilizaram-se obras de Cecília Castaño, Fúlvia Rosemberg, Rena M. Palloff e Keith Pratt, entre outras. As narrativas coletadas e analisadas indicam que algumas mulheres têm, simultaneamente, acesso ao ensino superior e às tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), por meio da educação a distância (EaD), o que propicia a recriação de suas identidades e seu empoderamento. A EaD pode ser, então, uma porta de inclusão, contribuindo para a diminuição da brecha digital de gênero.
Farklı Kurutma Uygulamalarının Armut Meyvesinin Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: İzli Gökçen
Published: April 2018

In this study; the effects of microwave-hot air combined drying method on color parameters, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pear fruit cut as cubes and rings were determined. In experiments using a laboratory microwave-hot air oven have been performed with two different microwave powers (90W and 160W) and three different drying temperatures (55, 65 ve 75C). The color values of the samples obtained from all drying conditions were found to be in statistically significant different. A decrease in L* (brightness) values and an increase in a* (greenness(-)/redness(+)) values of pear samples were observed with an increasing microwave power and drying temperature. The closest values to the color parameters of fresh pears (∆e=9.90) were obtained from the ring-shaped samples, dried by 160W-55C application. While the highest total phenolic content (164.75 mg GA/100g of dry weight) were determined in the ring-cut form samples dried by 160W-65C, the highest antioxidant capacity was determined in the fresh sample (5.13 µmol troloks/g of dry weight). It was determined that the drying parameters and the cut types immediately affected the quality of the product. Especially, the better color values and total phenolic content results were obtained from the ring-shaped dried pear samples.
Recent Regulatory Trends in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and their Impact on the Industry
Authors: Tabersky Daniel , Woelfle Michael , Ruess Juan-Antonio , Brem Simon , Brombacher Stephan
Published: April 2018

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most regulated industries in Switzerland. Though the concept of good manufacturing practises (GMP) was implemented for chemical production in the early 1990s, the rules and regulations for our industry are in constant evolution. In this article
we will highlight the impact of these changes to the industry using three recent guideline up-dates as examples: the implementation of ICH Q3D 'Guideline for elemental impurities', the EU-GMP Guideline Part III Chapter 'Guideline on setting health based exposure limits for use in risk identification
in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities' from 01. June 2015, and the new guidelines to data integrity such as 'PIC/S 041-1 Good Practices for Data Management and Integrity in regulated GMP/GDP environments'. These examples show how scientific approaches help
to modernize the control strategies for our products and increase product quality for a better patient safety. The requirements of data integrity regulations are also of interest to industries and universities not working under GxP requirements as they also support the business to improve
data quality (traceability) for patent applications, and reduce risk of data falsification.
Double Precision Is Not Needed for Many-Body Calculations: New Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Pokhilko Pavel , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Krylov Anna I.
Published: April 2018

Using single precision floating point representation reduces the size of data and computation time by a factor of two relative to double precision conventionally used in electronic structure programs. For large-scale calculations, such as those encountered in many-body theories, reduced memory footprint alleviates memory and input/output bottlenecks. Reduced size of data can lead to additional gains due to improved parallel performance on CPUs and various accelerators. However, using single precision can potentially reduce the accuracy of computed observables. Here we report an implementation of coupled-cluster and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods with single and double excitations in single precision. We consider both standard implementation and one using Cholesky decomposition or resolution-of-the-identity of electron-repulsion integrals. Numerical tests illustrate that when single precision is used in correlated calculations, the loss of accuracy is insignificant and pure single-precision implementation can be used for computing energies, analytic gradients, excited states, and molecular properties. In addition to pure single-precision calculations, our implementation allows one to follow a single-precision calculation by clean-up iterations, fully recovering double-precision results while retaining significant savings.
Korzyści członkostwa w mechanizmie kursowym ERM II – alternatywy dla wprowadzenia euro w Polsce
Authors: Redo Magdalena Maria
Published: April 2018

Aim: The aim of this paper is to outline the essential features of the EU Exchange Rate Mechanism - ERM II - including the past experience of its participants and to analyze the benefits arising from Poland’s accession to it.Research method: To this end, the method of inductive inference based on the comparative analysis of the experience of the present members of the ERM II system was employed.Findings: Participation in the ERM II system does not obligate its participants to join the eurozone; further, it allows for sustaining a floating exchange rate and guarantees help of the European Central Bank, thus reinforcing economic stability and credibility. This, in turn, should translate into the reduction of the investor’s risk premium and of the relatively high cost of capital in Poland, compared to other Central and Eastern European countries, and to facilitate access to that capital, thus having a positive impact on economic growthContribution to science: Considering the unwillingness of subsequent governments and citizens to adopt euro, this paper attempts to disseminate knowledge and reinforce the substantive arguments within this area at a time when, in spite of the crisis, the group of the EU countries outside the eurozone has been shrinking.
Zastosowanie wybranych metod grupowania danych w badaniu przestrzennego zróżnicowania zjawisk społeczno-ekonomicznych na przykładzie mobilności zewnętrznej w Polsce w latach 1989-2002
Authors: Maruszewska Katarzyna
Published: April 2018

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of some  methods of grouping data in a spatial analysis of socio-economic phenomena on the example of the analysis of temporary emigration from Poland in the years 1989-2002. The study aimed at assessing spatial differentiation at a high level of detail, i.e. accounting for local differences. For temporary emigration, this kind of assessment was made possible by the results gathered by the National Census of Population in 2002.The paper shows examples of analyses of mobility territorial differentiation, where selected optimization-iterative and hierarchical methods of grouping were applied. The elements in the grouping space were units of territorial division covering the following breakdowns: gmina (municipality), poviat (district) and sub-region.During the socio-economic transition period following the year 1989 temporary emigration in Poland was a phenomenon which varied considerably in regional and local dimension, as has been confirmed by the findings of the studies conducted. A pronounced spatial dispersion was found not only in terms of its level and intensity, but also in terms of diversification of the demographic and social structure of the phenomenon. The application of the adopted methods of data classification made it possible to assess in detail the spatial differentiation of temporary emigration in Poland according to the breakdowns covering the minor, yet numerous, territorial units, as well as to visualize the results using map charts.The temporal scope of the study was limited to the years 1989-2002 because of the nature of the source material used and a lack of comparable statistical data on the post-accession and contemporary emigration.
Analiza perspektyw rozwoju bitcoina w kontekście możliwości pełnienia funkcji pieniądza
Authors: Kopyściański Tomasz , Franków Marzena
Published: April 2018

Innovative technologies and the emergence of virtual communities create new types of transactions and the accounting methods that go beyond the current state of knowledge in economics and existing legal solutions. These virtual communities create and distribute their own medium of payment for the exchange of goods and services, thereby providing a means of payment in which emissions or circulation central monetary authorities are not involved. The reasons behind  the emergence of cryptocurrencies are not only the shortcomings of the traditional currency system which was unable to face numerous crises, but also the development of the Internet for which cryptocurrencies can prove to be a better suited form of money. Unfortunately, they stir much legal controversy with the effect that their users are exposed to significant legal and economic risk.Therefore, the subject of research presented in the article is to analyze the economic substance of Bitcoin. The main objective in this area is to assess the role of Bitcoin in terms of capacity to serve as money.
Reflections on methodology for and the importance of indicators for campus sustainability – a Lithuanian case study
Authors: Cibulskiene Diana , Laurinavičiūtė Vėjūnė , Nemeišytė Gaivilė , Osockyte Renata , Urbelytė Raimunda , Kupstys Žygimantas , Čuluunpurevas Eivydo , Platje Joost
Published: April 2018

Aim: Provide a summary of the discussion of focus group 2 at the workshop on “Methodology for assessing the campus sustainability from the perspective of multi-level antifragility” held in June 2016 at Siauliai University (Lithuania), as well as reflection notes each of the participant wrote after the workshop. The paper shows the outcome of the process of interaction and reflections of the authors. Design / Research methods: This article contains feedback based on the experience and ideas from third year students from sustainable business from the University of Siauliai (Lithuania). Discussion took place during the workshop in focus groups. Afterwards, a discussion took place among all participating students and lecturers. After the workshop, the authors wrote individual feedback notes. These are summarized in this paper. Conclusions / findings: When using a wider set of indicators of campus sustainability showing different types of fragilities, different stakeholders need to be used as a source of information. The reason is that when not possessing information on a certain aspect, as was confirmed by this focus group, an indicator tends to be considered irrelevant. A conclusion that should be treated with care is that indicators of lying and cheating, honesty, as well as indicators of mistakes may be a good starting point for creating indicators of campus sustainability focusing at threats for organizational viability and sustainability of the university’s external environment. Originality / value of the article: The article provides critical feedback on an innovative approach towards research on campus sustainability.
Zarządzanie różnorodnością w polskich przedsiębiorstwach– przegląd badań
Authors: Grzesiak Lena Barbara
Published: April 2018

Aim: The aim of the paper is to present the state and possible future directions of the research on diversity management in Polish firms.Design / Research methods: The author selected 20 state-of-the-art articles in the field of diversity management in Polish firms. Analysis of these articles allowed for identifying a starting point as well as possible directions for future research in this field.Conclusions / findings: The author argues that even though scholars find the issue of diversity management important and still valid, there also exist clear gaps in the research. Some areas (e.g. management of groups diverse in terms of age or gender) are preferred, while others appear to be neglected (e.g. management of people of a different sexual orientation). Scholars clearly tend to choose a specific group and research methodology.Originality / value of the article: The author conducted a review of existing studies on diversity management in Polish companies, and presented the state and directions of possible further research. The paper could inspire others to start further and more in-depth studies on diversity; a greater number of explorations in this area may yield interesting findings from the point of view of the diversity concept. Taking into account the directions proposed by the author may contribute to enriching the theory of management diversity, as well as provide practical recommendations for business managers.
Between Development and Sustainability: Symbiotic Synergy or Irreconcilable Duality
Authors: Ferreira Agata
Published: April 2018

Aim: This paper studies the concept of sustainable development, which has been overly present in recent times on global arena of debates about issues most pressing to humanity in variety of contexts, political, legal, social and environmental. It has been appropriated by governments and NGOs alike. It is being advocated to promote both, continuous growth and reversal of unsustainable pattern of limitless growth. The aim of this paper is to follow the history of the concepts of development and sustainability, its evolution and current status and question whether future developments in the area of sustainable development are likely to support “development” part of it, through drive to maximum economic growth, increase of financial flows and investments, consumption and production; or whether the “sustainability” part of the agenda, with protection of environment, human rights and climate as a priority, will prevail.Design / Research methods: The article follows the historical origins and developments of the concepts of development and sustainability, since industrial revolution of the eighteenth century where progress has been linked with economic growth and material advancement. The concept of sustainability on the other hand is closely connected with human relationship with nature, which went through a profound change when people started to make permanent settlements, domesticate animals and farm the land. This paper explains how sustainable development term rose to political prominence following publication of the Brundtland report in 1987 and how subsequent global political initiatives, like Agenda 21, Johannesburg Declaration and 2030 Agenda, gradually reaffirmed the place of sustainable development as an important element of international agenda and broadened the meaning of the term.Conclusions / findings: The role of business partner is present in 10% of the examined enterprises, with the source of capital and the entity size being of minor importance. Projects play a key role in the development of contemporary undertakings. Moreover, the primary role in terms of the implementation of any organizational activities is exercised by people. Thus, the opportunity emerges to implement and modify the concept of HR business partnering. This will lead to a greater professionalization of staffing, which will ultimately affect positively the implementation of strategy of the organizations under discussion.Originality / value of the article: The publications on project management as well as those concerned with human resources management have so far not addressed the issue of the development of the HR business partner role in the organizations under discussion. The considerations, of both theoretical and practical nature, contribute to the theory of management, being much relevant owing to the ever growing popularity of the concept of management through projects.
The effectiveness of cross-functional sourcing teams - an embedded case study in a large public organization
Authors: Gelderman Cees Johannes , Semeijn Janjaap , Verweij Esther
Published: April 2018

Aim: To investigate the relationships between team characteristics and their impact on cross-functional sourcing team effectiveness in a public procurement environment.Design/research methods: In an embedded single case study, three cross-functional sourcing teams of diverse divisions and departments of the Dutch Province of South Holland are analyzed by means of a comparative analysis.Conclusions/findings: Teams with greater interpersonal cohesiveness showed more personal and open communication and greater informal frequency of within-team communication. Apparently, task work communication has a positive impact on task cohesion, and interpersonal cohesion has a positive impact on interpersonal communication. A stable team with no changes in roles and membership is likely to show strong task cohesion. Office space for regular meetings and dedicated time for team activities contribute to team effectiveness.Originality/value of the article: Making sourcing decisions is a complex process, particularly in cross-functional sourcing teams with divergent views, objectives, and priorities of the various members of different disciplines. Few studies have examined sourcing teams in the public sector. The study is based on the Input-Mediation-Output-Input model which recognizes mediational factors (processes and emergent states) that transform inputs to outputs. The study contributes to current understanding of the nonlinear linkages between process and emergent states of cross-functional teams in the public sector. The results are useful for public organizations to create more effective cross-functional sourcing teams.
Pricing Inputs and Outputs in Banking: An Application to CEE Countries
Authors: Hasannasab Maryam , Margaritis Dimitris
Published: April 2018

Aim: A problem in efficiency and productivity studies in banking is that some of the input and output prices used in the estimation of cost, revenue and profit functions are proxies of questionable quality with obvious impact on the reliability of performance measures. We address this issue focussing on the banking systems of Central and Eastern Europe where arguable this problem may even be more acute.Design / Research methods: We employ parametric forms of directional distance functions to obtain shadow prices of bank inputs and outputs, and compare them with price proxies typically employed in empirical studies. The key idea here is to exploit cost, revenue and profit maximisation as the optimisation criteria to derive pricing rules, which allow us to find shadow prices for both inputs and outputs. We show how knowledge of one input price can be used to price outputs and how knowledge of one output price can be used to price inputs along with information on input and output quantities. We also use total cost to shadow price inputs and total revenue to shadow price outputs.Conclusions/findings: We find differences between shadow prices and actual prices suggesting that input and/or output mix may not be consistent with cost minimisation or revenue and profit maximisation. We also find that bank efficiency is highest on average in Estonia, which also boasts the highest bank capitalisation rate in the CEE region.Originality/value of the article: The study departs from the traditional literature on efficiency and productivity by focussing on pricing and their implications thereof for input-output mix.Implications of the research (if applicable): Prices for problem loans are not observable, hence our approach provides an avenue for computing shadow prices for bad outputs in banking. This is important since it gives us an indication of the loss of good output needed to lower the bad output by one unit.