bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of ACCP Members Regarding Health Economics and Outcomes Assessment
Authors: Paladino Joseph A.
Published: October 2023

A letter and a questionnaire were sent to members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) proposing the formation of a new outcomes and economics practice and research network (PRN). Members were requested to indicate their willingness to join the PRN by returning the questionnaire. More than 10% of the members (327/3007) expressed interest in joining the new PRN; the majority (309) also completed the questionnaire. They were most concerned with increasing their competence in outcomes and economics; developing, or having available, guidelines and standards for research methodologies; properly applying the methodologies to satisfy the informational needs of their institutions; and strengthening and advancing the position of clinical pharmacy.
Fish Oil as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Gray David R. , Gozzip Carol G. , Eastham John H. , Kashyap Moti L.
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the effects of ω‐3 fatty acids on blood pressure control and lipid levels.

Design. Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study.

Setting. Veterans Affairs Medical Center teaching hospital.

Patients. Twenty‐one men whose blood pressure was not optimally controlled with antihypertensive agents, who met the inclusion criteria.

Interventions. Patients were randomized to receive either fish oil (4.5 g ω‐3 fatty acids/day) or placebo.

Measurements and Main Results. Blood pressure readings were taken at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks. Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in the fish oil group at both week 4 (148/97 to 132/90, p<0.05) and week 8 (148/97 to 134/91, p<0.05). Sitting diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in the placebo group at week 8 (94 to 88, p<0.05). There was no difference in percentage change of sitting systolic and diastolic pressures at week 8 comparing the placebo group (−6.4% and −6.3%, respectively) and the fish oil group (−8.8% and −6.6%, respectively). Triglyceride levels (−40.9%, p<0.05) and platelet counts (−8.7%, p<0.05) were significantly reduced at 4 weeks, and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were significantly increased both at 4 and 8 weeks (13.5% and 19.1%, respectively) in the fish oil group.

Conclusion. Adjunctive fish oil supplementation did not substantially augment blood pressure lowering in treated hypertensive men with suboptimally controlled blood pressure. Effects on plasma lipid values were mixed, with an increase in LDL cholesterol and a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels.
Fatality Due to Intravenous Diltiazem for Acute Ventricular Rate Control
Authors: Moser Lynette R. , Panacek Edward A. , Munger Mark A.
Published: October 2023

Progressive, sustained bradycardia resulting in asystole and subsequent death is reported in a 70‐year‐old woman with hyperkalemia and suspected digoxin toxicity following a 0.25 mg/kg intravenous diltiazem dose for treatment of atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. The possible pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between diltiazem, digoxin, and an elevated plasma potassium concentration are discussed and related to the outcome of the case. The routine practice of concomitant administration of diltiazem for rapid ventricular rate control and digoxin for long‐term control may be dangerous in a subset of patients.
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: Changing Perceptions
Authors: Patterson J. Herbert , Adams Kirkwood F.
Published: October 2023

Heart failure occurs when myocardial muscle dysfunction prevents the heart from pumping enough blood at normal cardiac pressures to meet the metabolic needs of the body, especially during exercise, and compensatory hemodynamic and neurohormonal mechanisms are overwhelmed or maladaptive. Pathologic classifications are broadly based on the presence of systolic dysfunction (dilated cardiomyopathy) and diastolic dysfunction (hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathies). Coronary artery disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertension are the most frequent causes, and myocardial function may be impaired by some drugs. When contractility is reduced, stroke volume and cardiac output are decreased, and alterations in the kidneys may induce fluid retention to compensate for the perceived low output and reduced circulating blood volume. Fluid retention, in turn, causes increased preload or filling pressure and symptoms of pulmonary congestion. Depressed contractility also results in a reduction in blood pressure, leading to compensatory neurohormonal activation and vasoconstriction, which significantly elevate afterload, further reduce stroke volume, and lead to deleterious cardiac remodeling. The overall clinical approach includes defining the etiology, identifying precipitant factors, and assessing the severity of myocardial dysfunction and clinical symptoms.
Therapeutic Options for Treating Major Depression, and the Role of Venlafaxine
Authors: Scott Mollie A. , Shelton Penny S. , Gattis Wendy
Published: October 2023

Major depression is a debilitating disorder that is often undertreated. Psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and pharmacotherapy are options for management. Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the cornerstones of drug therapy. Venlafaxine, a phenylethylamine antidepressant that primarily inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, is an alternative to those agents. It has been studied in short‐term and continuation studies and appears to have efficacy similar to that of imipramine, trazodone, and fluoxetine. Moreover, venlafaxine is effective in approximately one‐third of patients with treatment‐resistant depression. Venlafaxine is metabolized by the P‐450 enzyme system to an active metabolite O‐desmethyl‐venlafaxine, which is excreted renally. Nausea, somnolence, and dizziness are dose‐related adverse effects that often occur with initiation of therapy. Increases in blood pressure, particularly with high dosages, also may occur. Drug‐drug interactions appear to be minimal.
Comparison of Two Formulations of Nifedipine During 24‐Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Granberry Mark C. , Gardner Stephanie F. , Schneider Eric F. , Carter Inge R.
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine if one commercial extended‐release formulation of nifedipine (Adalat CC) is as effective as another (Procardia XL) in controlling blood pressure over 24 hours.

Design. Open‐label, randomized, crossover study.

Setting. University‐affiliated family medicine clinic.

Patients. Fifteen patients with stage 1–4 primary hypertension.

Interventions. Procardia XL or Adalat CC once/day was titrated to achieve blood pressure control. The effective dose was continued for 4 weeks, washed out for 1 week, and reinstituted with other study drug.

Measurements and Main Results. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure was recorded the conclusion of each treatment phase. Treatment phases were compared for mean 24‐hour blood pressure, mean daytime (6:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m.) and mean nighttime blood pressure, and mean blood pressure load (percentage of blood pressure measurements < 140/90 mm Hg daytime and > 120/80 mm Hg nighttime). Thirteen patients completed the study. No statistically significant difference was seen in mean 24‐hour blood pressure (138/86 mm Hg for Procardia XL vs 137/85 mm Hg for Adalat CC), daytime or nighttime blood pressure, or blood pressure load. Two patients experienced clinically significant adverse effects while taking Adalat CC.

Conclusions. In these patients with primary hypertension, Adalat CC was as effective as Procardia XL at controlling blood pressure for 24 hours. Blood pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects should be monitored 2–4 weeks after any exchange of Adalat CC for Procardia XL.
The Role of Academia in Community‐Based Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Kennedy Daniel T. , Ruffin David M. , Goode Jean‐Venable R. , Small Ralph E.
Published: October 2023

Developing models of pharmaceutical care (PC) for educating students and practitioners represents a fundamental role for schools of pharmacy. Virginia Commonwealth University has sought to facilitate the implementation of PC in the community by hiring faculty to practice in this setting. The mission of the faculty is to implement PC in a community pharmacy practice, to develop clerkship sites for Pharm.D. students, and to evaluate the impact of PC services in the community. Examples of an independent pharmacy model, a grocery chain model, and a retail chain model of care may serve a dual purpose for faculty members, that is, define responsibilities for the academic institution and for the community practice environment.
Altered Protein Binding of Quinidine in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Authors: McCollam Patrick L. , Crouch Michael A. , Watson Jerry E.
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To determine if α1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations are altered in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), and to establish if fluctuations in AAG change the free fraction of quinidine.

Design. Prospective, controlled, nonrandomized.

Setting. Tertiary care medical center and outpatient clinics.

Patients. Thirty patients with AFF and 16 matched controls.

Interventions. Serial blood samples were collected from patients with AFF at baseline and for 28 days after cardioversion. The control group received no treatment and a single blood sample was obtained.

Measurements and Main Results. Concentrations of AAG were measured by Laurell‐Rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Quinidine concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay using the Abbott TDx system. Baseline AAG concentrations in patients with AFF (122 ± 55 mg/dl) were significantly increased compared with the control group (62 ± 28 mg/dl, p<0.0005). Concentrations of AAG remained elevated after conversion to sinus rhythm and did not significantly change over the study period, regardless of method of cardioversion (p>0.2). In patients with AFF, the free fraction of quinidine at the highest AAG concentration was 8.5 ± 2.3%. This was significantly reduced compared with the value in the control group (12.5 ± 3.0%, p<0.05) as well as that in patients with AFF at the lowest AAG concentration (11.0 ± 2.5%, p<0.05). Overall at the highest AAG concentration, patients with AFF had a relative reduction in the quinidine free fraction by 32% compared with controls. Regression analysis showed an indirect relationship between serum AAG concentration and the unbound fraction of quinidine (r=0.56)

Conclusions. Concentrations of AAG are increased in patients with AFF and remain elevated for at least 28 days after cardioversion. Elevated AAG concentrations significantly reduce the free fraction of quinidine.
Removal of Phenobarbital During Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis in a Child
Authors: Porto Isabel , John Eunice G. , Heilliczer Jonathan
Published: October 2023

A 2.5‐year‐old child receiving phenobarbital for a history of seizures while on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) had persistent subtherapeutic serum levels despite progressive dosage increases. Phenobarbital concentration was measured in the peritoneal dialysate effluent and peritoneal clearance was calculated. Thirty‐five percent of the total phenobarbital daily dose was being removed through 24‐hour CCPD. Our findings were consistent with previous reports of 40% and 50% phenobarbital removal during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and acute peritoneal dialysis, respectively. In addition, phenobarbital clearance was greater during the period when more exchanges were done compared with the period when patient went through one cycle with a longer dwell time. Based on these preliminary data, it seems that larger dosages of phenobarbital are necessary in patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis, and that the amount removed can differ significantly depending on the number of cycles.
Possible Interaction Between Imipramine and Butalbital
Authors: Garey Kevin W. , Amsden Guy W. , Johns Celeste A.
Published: October 2023

A 44‐year‐old woman was admitted to the psychiatric unit for exacerbation of her depressive disorder. Blood concentrations of her antidepressant, imipramine, were within normal range and consistent with past concentrations. Her medical history was significant for a chronic headache disorder for which she was given a prescription containing butalbital on admission. The patient's depressive disorder was quickly controlled but relapsed 2 weeks later. Concentrations of imipramine showed a decrease of approximately 50%. Imipramine is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P‐450 (CYP 1A2) system, and barbiturates are known inducers of this enzyme subset. To our knowledge, an interaction specifically between butalbital and imipramine has not been documented; however, these drugs are extensively prescribed and occasions may arise where they are given concurrently. We recommend repeat measurement of imipramine concentrations 1 week after the start of any butalbital‐containing product or barbiturate, and dosage adjustments based on the results and on the patient's response to the change.
Evidence that Membrane Stress Contributes More than Lipid Peroxidation to Sublethal Cryodamage in Cryopreserved Human Sperm: Glycerol and Other Polyols as Sole Cryoprotectant
Authors: ALVAREZ JUAN G. , STOREY BAYARD T.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: One effect of cryopreservation on human sperm is sublethal cryodamage, in which cell viability post‐thaw is lost more rapidly at later times than in fresh cells. We hypothesized two modes of sublethal cryodamage: one is peroxidation‐related involving plasma membrane damage due to lipid peroxidation; the other is membrane stress‐related involving membrane embrittlement during phase transitions occurring during freeze‐thaw. If the peroxidation‐related mode contributed substantially to sublethal cryodamage, the hypothesis predicts that lipid peroxidation inhibitors should reduce this damage. To test this prediction, we examined the effect of the lipid peroxidation inhibitors, hypotaurine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and α‐tocopheroi (Vit. E) on the time to loss of motility (TLM), taken as a measure of cell viability over time, for sperm samples cryopreserved in glycerol plus egg yolk medium. These agents had no effect on TLM of these samples, indicating that this mode contributes little to sublethal cryodamage. If the membrane stress‐related mode contributed, the hypothesis predicts rapid recovery of motility in the presence of egg yolk plus glycerol, but slow recovery in the presence of glycerol alone. It also predicts that an appropriate polyol may be both necessary and sufficient for cryopreservation. In the presence of egg yolk plus glycerol, motility recovery was complete within 5 minutes, but the percent motile cells then decreased linearly with time. With glycerol alone in the range 3–12%, at 5 minutes post‐thaw the percent motile cells was 5–10%, but by 40 minutes post‐thaw had risen to 60–80%, approaching that in the fresh sample, and was maintained up to 4 hours. In the absence of glycerol, the percentage of motile cells post‐thaw was nil and remained nil up to 4 hours. The polyols, erythritol, ribitol, and sorbitol had similar effects to that of glycerol, but the recovery of motility was not as complete. These results indicate that the membrane stress‐related mode contributes substantially to sublethal cryodamage. They also indicate that glycerol and other polyols can function alone as cryoprotectants, but that recovery of motility is slow in these systems.
Structure of the rRNA Genes in the Hamster Sperm Nucleus
Authors: NADEL BONNIE , de LARA JOCELYN , WARD W. STEVEN
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: We have examined the structure of the major ribo‐ somal RNA (rRNA) genes in the hamster sperm nucleus, using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The rRNA genes are present as tandemly repeated clusters located at the telomeric ends of the short arms of five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in the Syrian golden hamster (as they are in humans). In somatic cells, these five chromosome pairs come together to form the nucleolus, the site of rRNA synthesis. The nucleolus remains intact through S phase of the cell cycle, breaking apart only during late G2 and mitosis when the chromosomes condense. Mammalian sperm nuclei are the final products of meiotic division and morphological differentiation that includes a dramatic chromatin condensation. Consequently, it was not immediately obvious whether the rRNA genes would be condensed into a nucleolus‐like structure in the mature spermatozoa, or separated, as they are in mitotic chromosomes. We found that of 117 sperm nuclei examined, 91.5% contained between two and five FISH signals for the rRNA gene clusters, and 64.0% contained four (29%) or five (35%) signals. In decondensed hamster sperm nuclei, the rRNA hybridized signals were separated into independent strands. These data collectively indicate that the chromosomes containing the rRNA genes are not bound together into a pre‐nucleolar structure in fully condensed mammalian sperm nuclei.
Maturation of Monkey Spermatozoa in the Epididymis With Respect to Their Ability to Undergo the Acrosome Reaction
Authors: Yeung Ching‐Hei , Cooper Trevor G. , Weinbauer Gerhard F.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:Spermatozoa obtained along the length of the epididymides from five macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were examined for their ability to undergo the acrosome reaction under basal conditions and when stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187. Under basal conditions (2.5 hours incubation in potentially capacitating medium) few epididymal sperm cells displayed the loss of acrosome as judged by staining with peanut agglutinin lectin that binds to the outer acrosomal membrane, regardless of the epididymal region from which they were retrieved. By contrast, there was a marked difference in response to short (0.5 hour) incubation with the calcium ionophore A23187, which induced acrosome reactions in the majority of caudal sperm: caput sperm failed to respond at all and corpus sperm were about 50% as responsive as caudal spermatozoa. There is thus a development of the ability to respond to the ionophore upon maturation. Ejaculated spermatozoa from the same monkeys displayed a higher rate of basal acrosomal loss but a slightly lower stimulated response than mature epididymal spermatozoa. With these maturational aspects, monkey epididymal sperm can serve as a model for the study of human sperm maturation.
Germline heterozygous SH2B3‐mutations and (idiopathic) erythrocytosis: Detection of a previously undescribed mutation
Authors: Vermeersch Gaël , Devos Timothy , Devos Helena , Lambert Frédéric , Poppe Bruce , Van Hecke Sam
Published: October 2023

Erythrocytosis or polycythemia refers to a true or apparent increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit. When no etiology of erythrocytosis is identified, people are diagnosed with “idiopathic erythrocytosis” (IE). The identification of new contributing genes has recently improved the diagnostic workup of IE. As such mutations within the SH2B3 gene, which codes for the LNK protein and negatively regulates the JAK‐STAT pathway, have been identified in cases diagnosed as IE. This reports describes the presence of a previously undescribed germline SH2B3 variant p.(Thr335ArgfsTer4) within IE and emphasizes the advantages of gene panel sequencing as second step in the diagnostic work‐up.
Prediction of H3K27M Alteration Status in Brainstem Glioma Using Multi‐Shell Diffusion MRI Metrics
Authors: Xu Xiaolu , Zhang Peng , Zhuo Zhizheng , Duan Yunyun , Qu Liying , Cheng Dan , Sun Ting , Ding Jinli , Xie Cong , Liu Xing , Haller Sven , Barkhof Frederik , Ye Chuyang , Zhang Liwei , Liu Yaou
Published: October 2023

Background

Multi‐shell diffusion characteristics may help characterize brainstem gliomas (BSGs) and predict H3K27M status.

Purpose

To identify the diffusion characteristics of BSG patients and investigate the predictive values of various diffusion metrics for H3K27M status in BSG.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Eighty‐four BSG patients (median age 10.5 years [IQR 6.8–30.0 years]) were included, of whom 56 were pediatric and 28 were adult patients.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T, multi‐shell diffusion imaging.

Assessment

Diffusion kurtosis imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging analyses were performed. Age, gender, and diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity (RD), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis, intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), orientation dispersion index, and isotropic volume fraction (ISOVF), were compared between H3K27M‐altered and wildtype BSG patients.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney U test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), step‐wise multivariable logistic regression. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

82.4% pediatric and 57.1% adult patients carried H3K27M alteration. In the whole group, the H3K27M‐altered BSGs demonstrated higher FA, AK and lower RD, ISOVF. The combination of age and median ISOVF showed fair performance for H3K27M prediction (AUC = 0.78). In the pediatric group, H3K27M‐altered BSGs showed higher FA, AK, MK, ICVF and lower RD, MD, ISOVF. The combinations of median ISOVF, 5th percentile of FA, median MK and median MD showed excellent predictive power (AUC = 0.91). In the adult group, H3K27M‐altered BSGs showed higher ICVF and lower RD, MD. The 75th percentile of RD demonstrated fair performance for H3K27M status prediction (AUC = 0.75).

Data Conclusion

Different alteration patterns of diffusion measures were identified between H3K27M‐altered and wildtype BSGs, which collectively had fair to excellent predictive value for H3K27M alteration status, especially in pediatric patients.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Unveiling the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from organic coffee husks using an in vitro digestion model
Authors: Abreu Thaianaly Leite , Estévez Mario , de Carvalho Leila Moreira , de Medeiros Lorena Lucena , da Silva Ferreira Valquíria Cardoso , Salu Bruno Ramos , Oliva Maria Luiza Vilela , Madruga Marta Suely , Bezerra Taliana Kênia Alencar
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The large quantities of by‐products generated in the coffee industry are a problem. Studies related to the biological potential of organic coffee husks are still limited. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of phenolic compounds in organic coffee husks and to evaluate their potential as a source of bioactive dietary components.

RESULTS

To achieve this objective, three extracts were prepared, namely extractable polyphenols (EPs), hydrolyzable non‐extractable polyphenols (H‐NEPs), and non‐extractable polyphenols (NEPs). These extracts were characterized and evaluated for their bioactive properties after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results show that the extraction process affected the occurrence of phenols from coffee peels, especially for caffeic acid, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The free and bound polyphenols found in the extracts and digests not only showed antioxidant properties against 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals but were also strongly bioavailable and had good anticoagulant potential.

CONCLUSION

These results highlight the potential health benefits of phytochemicals from coffee husks and open new perspectives for the use of such compounds in dietary supplements. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Acute pityriasis rubra pilaris triggered by COVID‐19
Authors: Soto‐García Diego , Oro‐Ayude Marcos , Álvarez Carlos , Martínez‐Fernandez Sandra , Couselo‐Rodríguez Carmen , Flórez Ángeles
Published: October 2023

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) can be triggered by viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, varicella zoster, human immunodeficiency virus and, more exceptionally, SARS‐CoV‐2. We report an additional case of PRP following COVID‐19 infection. Given the existing literature and the close temporal association, we suggest a possible causal relationship. We speculate that an altered immune response with a genetic predisposition for PRP may have played a role in our patient. We highlight the development of PRP as part of the spectrum of COVID‐19 skin‐related conditions.
Design of aromatic copolyesters for use in microelectronic devices
Authors: Schneggenburger Lizabeth A. , Economy James E. , Hong Soon Man
Published: October 2023

The next generation of microelectronic devices will require design of new kinds of polymers which are tailored to display a dielectric constant as low as 2.0, a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which matches the metal circuitry as well as the silicon substrate, moisture and chemical resistance, and dimensional stability at processing temperatures of 300‐400°C which are required to form an adhesive bond between laminates.

In our program, we have made significant progress in all of these areas through the use of liquid crystalline copolyesters (LCP's) laminated with a newly developed crosslinkable copolyester.

In this paper, data are presented which illustrate how films and coatings of either system can be made to adhere in the solid state by interchain transesterification reactions (ITR) at the interface. Ability to foam the crosslinkable copolyester films provides direct control over the dielectric constant. The effect of pore size and distribution on the dielectric constant will be discussed. The potential to dramatically increase the melting point of the LCP's through high temperature annealing is also discussed.
Modification of standardized precipitation index in different climates of Iran
Authors: Nadi Mehdi , Shiukhy Soqanloo Saeid
Published: October 2023

The most popular metric for drought monitoring is the standardized precipitation index (SPI). It does have some drawbacks, though, such as using gamma probability distribution function as the default distribution and not taking into account seasonal variations. The effectiveness of SPI in monitoring droughts in various Iranian climates was examined in this study, and in order to address its limitations, it was contrasted with the modified SPI (mod‐SPI). Then, the performance of the mod‐SPI and SPI in drought monitoring was compared with nine meteorological stations throughout Iran during the period 1956–2010. The results showed that the gamma distribution function was not selected in any of the 12 timescales (TS) considered at the studied meteorological stations. Based on the Cohen's kappa index analysis, there is a clear difference between the SPI and mod‐SPI in monitoring drought classes, which is more evident at low TS (less than 6 months), but at much higher TS (above TS‐9), the two indices almost coincide. The results showed that in the arid and semiarid areas, the SPI and mod‐SPI are significantly different, so it seems that the SPI monitors aridity rather than drought. The results imply that using mod‐SPI instead of SPI provides more accurate drought monitoring by eliminating the seasonal effects of precipitation data. Considering the low efficiency of SPI in short‐term drought monitoring (less than 9 months) in arid and semiarid regions, it is recommended to use mod‐SPI instead of SPI in most parts of Iran, especially on the southern coasts of Iran.
“We want to be heard”: A qualitative study of mental health care access among patients of an urban federally qualified health center
Authors: So Marvin , Makofane Jacob , Hernandez Miguel
Published: October 2023

Although depression is common in primary care, challenges to timely intervention exist, particularly for communities of color and lower socioeconomic status. Our objective was to understand barriers and facilitators to mental healthcare access among a sample of patients receiving care at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in Minnesota, United States. We qualitatively interviewed 34 patients of an urban FQHC, purposively sampled on race/ethnicity, insurance status, language, and depression symptom status (based on Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 responses). We inductively and deductively analyzed interview data, leveraging theory in both the codebook development and analysis processes. Participants, who were predominantly English‐speaking, female, not privately insured, and people of color, shared numerous barriers and facilitators to accessing mental healthcare. Prominent barriers primarily concerned healthcare providers, including perceived dismissal of mental health concerns and challenges with provider continuity. Additional barriers included the costs of mental health care, communication breakdowns, the patient portal, and community‐specific perceptions of mental health. Prominent facilitators included clinic organizational factors (internal and external) and staff friendliness and warmth. Other factors including consideration of patients' financial situation, integrated management of behavioral and physical health conditions, language concordant staff, the telehealth visit modality, and the clinic's social mission were also raised as facilitating access. Patient voices from a single FQHC illustrate the challenges and possibilities of providing mental healthcare in safety net settings. Clinical, strategy, and policy solutions can be tailored to minimize barriers and optimize facilitators documented herein.
Power electronics converters for an electric vehicle fast charging station based energy storage system and renewable energy sources:Hybridapproach
Authors: Gopal Soundra Devi , Jawahar Rahila , Athmanathan Radhika , Pandi Meenalochini
Published: October 2023

A hybrid method is proposed for electric‐vehicle (EV) fast charging station (FCS)‐based power electronics converters with energy‐storage‐systems (ESS) and renewable‐energy‐sources (RESs). The proposed approach is the combination of the fire hawk optimizer (FHO) and gradient boost decision tree (GBDT) algorithms; hence called as FHO‐GBDT approach. The key objective of the FHO‐GBDT approach is to lessen the peak power demand on the grid. The proposed method is incorporated into EV‐FCS with the capability of a mixture of RESs and energy‐storage‐systems. The capacities of energy‐storage aid in improving power‐demand by lessening the demand for peak power. The structure of the energy storage system minimizes the net cost of the DC micro‐grid (MG). The ESS is mostly composed of batteries, which are reused by EVs. The proposed approach and the ESS enable a decrease in obtaining the greatest amount of power possible from the power‐grid (PG). By then, the performance of the proposed approach is simulated in MATLAB, and it is compared to various existing methods. The simulation result shows that the proposed method offers more power than the existing methods.
An embedding observer for nonlinear dynamical systems with global convergence
Authors: Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus
Published: October 2023

State observers for nonlinear systems are often designed for a canonical form of this system. However, this form may possess singular points, where the vector field is not defined or a Lipschitz condition is not fulfilled. This unpleasant behavior can possibly be avoided using an embedding into a higher dimensional space. A construction of such an embedding and the corresponding inverse map is discussed for polynomial systems using methods from algebraic geometry.
Clumped isotope analysis of (bio)apatite using a Kiel IV device in long‐integration dual‐inlet mode
Authors: Tagliavento Mattia , Hofmann Sven , Böttcher Michael Ernst , Peltz Markus , Fiebig Jens
Published: October 2023

Rationale

Clumped isotope (Δ47) analysis of bioapatite‐derived CO2 is a powerful tool to determine body temperatures of extinct vertebrates. The common acid bath technique in combination with dual‐inlet‐based mass spectrometric measurements has been the preferred method of choice for this purpose, but the large amount of material necessary and the presence of secondary calcite represent obstacles.

Methods

We analyzed the Δ47 composition of carbonate‐bearing (bio)apatites using a Kiel IV device, which – in general – allows a reduction of sample replicate size by a factor of ~40 over dual‐inlet‐based techniques. The Kiel IV device was tested in two different modes: without and with additional water sinks for improved water removal. Furthermore, we tested a pretreatment technique based on 1 M acetic acid (pH = 5) to selectively remove secondary calcite from the carbonate‐bearing (bio)apatite phase.

Results

Significantly lower Δ47 values were obtained for a given bioapatite after the installation of the two water sinks. With this setup, Δ47 of (bio)apatites followed a temperature relationship that is indistinguishable from the unified one for pure carbonates, provided a dentine sample, rich in organic matter, was excluded. The original bioapatite Δ47 value was restored from a bioapatite/calcite mixture if the mixed material was treated for 1 h with 1 M acetic acid (pH = 5).

Conclusions

(Bio)apatites having low organic matter content such as enamel(oid) can be analyzed accurately for Δ47 using a Kiel IV equipped with water sinks that ensure effective removal of water. Secondary calcite can be effectively removed from carbonate‐bearing apatite by pretreatment with 1 M acetic acid (pH = 5) for 1 h.
Roadmap to achieving sustainable development: Does digital economy matter in industrial green transformation?
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Xu Yang , Razzaq Asif , Wu Desheng , Cao Jianhong , Ran Qiying
Published: October 2023

The rapid advancements in the digital economy have created numerous opportunities and solutions for industrial green transformation. However, the complex relationship between these two has received relatively less attention. Therefore, this study analyses how the digital economy impacts industrial green transformation across 30 Chinese provinces. The empirical findings highlight the digital economy's significant role in driving industrial green transformation. Within this dynamic framework, two crucial operational mechanisms have been identified: heightened public awareness of environmental issues and the vigorous innovation of green technologies. It becomes evident that the digital economy can energize and sustain the momentum of industrial green transformation. Notably, this influence is most pronounced in eastern‐central China. However, its impact in western China appears relatively weaker, especially at higher quantiles. We observe a strong correlation between the evolution of the digital economy and industrial green transformation in terms of space and time. Higher spatiotemporal regression coefficients are primarily found in areas south of the Hu line, while lower values are more common in the northern regions. These findings provide insights into how the digital economy can be strategically applied to drive industrial green transformation.
Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoflowers Immunochromatographic Test Strip Based on the Nanobody for Detection of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Pang Jiarui , Ren Wenjie , He Baoshan , Tu Zhui
Published: October 2023

A rapid gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) based on the nanobody (Nb) was developed and used for rapid detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Thanks to remarkable physicochemical stability, structural adaptability, ease of genetic manipulation, expression in the prokaryotic system with high yield and tolerance to harsh environments of nanobodies, the G8‐DIG was produced via expression and purification, which was labeled with AuNFs by electrostatic adsorption as signal probes in the ICTS. The AuNFs‐anti‐G8‐DIG nanobodies as a probe of ICTS could specifically recognize not only AFB1 but also DIG‐BSA. In this study, the DIG‐BSA replaced the anti‐6×His‐tag antibody of traditional nanobody‐based ICTS was coated on the control line, which was easier to synthesize, cheaper, and more stable. Under the optimal conditions, the AuNFs‐based nanobody ICTS system accurately detected AFB1 linearly and dynamically over the range (IC20~IC80) of 1.02~27.86 ng/mL, with the IC10 and IC50 of 0.1 ng/mL and 5.46 ng/mL respectively. In addition, these developed nanobodies ICTS had a universal application in the analysis of AFB1 in corn samples.
Unraveling Exchange Coupling in Ferrites Nano‐Heterostructures
Authors: Maltoni Pierfrancesco , Barucca Gianni , Rutkowski Bogdan , Spadaro Maria Chiara , Jönsson Petra E. , Varvaro Gaspare , Yaacoub Nader , De Toro José A. , Peddis Davide , Mathieu Roland
Published: October 2023

The magnetic coupling of a set of SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites is investigated. Advanced electron microscopy evidences the structural coherence and texture at the interfaces of the nanostructures. The fraction of the lower anisotropy phase (CoFe2O4) is tuned to assess the limits that define magnetically exchange‐coupled interfaces by performing magnetic remanence, first‐order reversal curves (FORCs), and relaxation measurements. By combining these magnetometry techniques and the structural and morphological information from X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectrometry, the exchange intergranular interaction is evidenced, and the critical thickness within which coupled interfaces have a uniform reversal unraveled.
Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Bi‐O‐Sn/C Nanostructure: Tailoring the Adsorption Site of Dominant Intermediate for Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Wang Nan , Shao Chunfeng , Zhang Riguang , Zhang Yuan , Min Zhaojun , Chang Bing , Fan Maohong , Wang Jianji
Published: October 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction into high‐value‐added formic acid/formate is an attractive strategy to mitigate global warming and achieve energy sustainability. However, the adsorption energy of most catalysts for the key intermediate *OCHO is usually weak, and how to rationally optimize the adsorption of *OCHO is challenging. Here, an effective Bi‐Sn bimetallic electrocatalyst (Bi1‐O‐Sn1@C) where a Bi‐O‐Sn bridge‐type nanostructure is constructed with O as an electron bridge is reported. The electronic structure of Sn is precisely tuned by electron transfer from Bi to Sn through O bridge, resulting in the optimal adsorption energy of intermediate *OCHO on the surface of Sn and the enhanced activity for formate production. Thus, the Bi1‐O‐Sn1@C exhibits an excellent Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.7% at −1.1 V (vs RHE) for CO2 reduction to formate (HCOO−) and a high current density of 310 mA cm−2 at −1.5 V, which is one of the best results catalyzed by Bi‐ and Sn‐based catalysts reported previously. Impressively, the FE exceeds 93% at a wide potential range from −0.9 to −1.4 V. In‐situ ATR–FTIR, in‐situ Raman, and DFT calculations confirm the unique role of the bridge‐type structure of Bi‐O‐Sn in highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into formate.
In Situ Mapping of Activity Distribution of V(II)/V(III) and Onset Potential Distribution of Hydrogen Evolution Side Reaction in Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Lin Hao , Xu Yang , Chen Xiao , Fang Zengxian , Yan Tian , Ma Kaijie , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu
Published: October 2023

Vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) face a challenge with the low reaction rates of the V(II)/V(III) redox couple, which limits the performance of VFBs. Additionally, the negative electrode in VFBs is often accompanied by the persistent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is difficult to eliminate. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of activity on the negative electrode and the HER side reaction on the electrode surface is of critical importance. This study proposes a weak measurement imaging method to characterize the spatial distribution of surface activity and HER onset potential on the negative electrode in VFBs). This method enables the visualization and in situ detection of key parameters such as the absolute values of |ipa|, |ipc|, |∆E|, |ipc/ipa|, and the HER onset potential. By comparing three different types of graphite felts with varying activity levels, it validates the feasibility of this method. Furthermore, electrochemical stability tests are conducted to study the electrodes repeatability, uniformity, and durability. This method holds promise in guiding the design of electrodes with enhanced activity, good reversibility, minimized HER side reactions, and uniform distribution.
Fe‐Based Filler Material Forming Austenite‐Covered Packet Lath Martensite for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of 9% Ni Steel
Authors: Choi Kwangsu , Hwang Ji Yong , Jung Hyo Yun
Published: October 2023

Fe‐based filler material with a composition of Fe–20Ni–5Co–2.5Mn–0.2C is developed for welding 9% Ni steel. To ensure high weldability through compositional similarity, the composition of the Fe‐based filler material is designed based on that of 9% Ni steel. The filler material has elements such as Ni, Mn, Co, and C to enhance its compatibility with the 9% Ni steel. The Fe‐based filler material is designed to control the martensite formation temperature, resulting in the appearance of the martensite–austenite dual phase during rapid cooling. The weld joint shows a distinct microstructure characterized by the presence of austenite‐covered packet lath martensite. The mechanical properties of the weld joint are investigated via Vickers harness and tensile tests at 25 and −163 °C. In comparison to 9% Ni steel, the weld joint prepared using the Fe‐based filler material exhibits yield and tensile strengths that are ≈5.5% higher. Additionally, the tensile fracture of the specimen occurs exclusively within the base metal, without any involvement of the weld metal or heat‐affected zone. Further, the fracture surface is observed. In the findings of this study, the applicability of the Fe‐based filler material for welding 9% Ni steel is demonstrated.
Supreme Court decision will impact religious accommodations requests
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: October 2023

The last few days of the U.S. Supreme Court term usually include headliner cases, and this year was no different, with the affirmative action admissions cases and the Court's decision permitting a web designer to limit wedding services based on religious beliefs. Relatively speaking, the Court's decision on a different religious accommodations case, Groff v. DeJoy, Postmaster General, S. Ct. Case 22‐174, June 29, 2023, flew under the radar. But the Court's ruling on this case will have a significant impact on the way institutions respond to requests for religious accommodations from employees and may also bring students’ religious accommodations issues to light.
Weakly Nonlinear Time-Varying Systems
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

The theory of linear time-varying systems can be extended to weakly-nonlinear time-varying (WNTV) systems in a similar way as we did for linear time-invariant systems. In this chapter we first define WNTV systems mathematically and highlight some important differences from the theory of WNTI systems. We then discuss weakly-nonlinear periodically time-varying (WNPTV) systems. These type of systems generate a characteristic spectrum that is relatively easy to describe and is relevant, for example, in the study and design of communication systems.
Convolution of Distributions
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

The convolution product plays a central role in the description of linear and weakly-nonlinear systems. In this chapter we develop its theory based on distributions. In addition, the chapter introduces the tensor product which will also come to play an important role in the description of weakly-nonlinear systems.
Fourier Transform of Distributions
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

The Fourier transform is a major tool in the analysis of signals and systems. We will see that its extension to distributions will make the derivation of many results simpler and more direct than when working with functions.
Laplace Transform of Distributions
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

The classic Laplace transform is closely related to the Fourier one and has similar properties. In a way it can be seen as a modification of the latter in such a way that it can handle exponentially growing functions.
Linear Time Invariant Systems
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

We assume the reader to have familiarity with linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In this chapter we merely summarise the main results of this theory. We are going to call the quantities that are considered the input, the output and some characterization of the system signals. This should evoke a meaningful interpretation in most of the systems that we are going to discuss. Mathematically they are distributions. The meaning of time-invariant is very intuitive: suppose that we apply the input signal x(t) to a system represented by an operator $${\mathcal {H}}$$ and observe the signal $$ y(t) = {\mathcal {H}}[x(t)] $$ as its output.
Gender Relations in New Music is Institutional Critique
Authors: Lovell Rosanna , Farnsworth Brandon
Published: October 2023

This chapter documents key actions of institutional critique by Gender Relations in New Music (GRiNM), a collective advocating for gender equality and intersectional diversity in New Music. The article follows their interventions in major German New Music institutions including the Darmstadt Summer Course, MaerzMusik Festival Berlin, and Donaueschinger Musiktage, as well the group’s own events and the pandemic’s impact on its activism. It also analyses how the group’s tactics have developed in response to these institutions beginning to address diversity questions themselves. The article links the group’s methods to collective critique, para-institutionality, and the question of who is in position to critique the institution at all. It concludes by positioning critique as necessary-but-opposed to the institution, calling the reader to also take action, while underscoring how institutional stratification can undermine criticality.
Spindle black holes in AdS4 × SE7
Authors: Hristov Kiril , Suh Minwoo
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We construct new classes of supersymmetric AdS2 × Σ solutions of 4d gauged supergravity in presence of charged hypermultiplet scalars, with Σ the complex weighted projective space known as a spindle. These solutions can be viewed as near-horizon geome- tries of asymptotically Anti de-Sitter (AdS4) black holes with magnetic fluxes that admit embedding in 11d on Sasaki-Einstein (SE7) manifolds, which renders them of holographic interest. We show that in each case the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy follows from the procedure of gluing two gravitational blocks, ultimately determined by SE7 data. This allows us to establish the general form of the gravitational blocks in gauged 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity with charged scalars and massive vectors. Holographically, our results provide a large N answer for the spindle index with anti-twist and additional mesonic or baryonic fluxes of a number of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Chern-Simons-matter theories.