bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Prenatal Dexamethasone Treatment on Oxygen Toxicity in the Newborn Rat
Authors: Frank Lee , Summerville Janice , Massaro Donald
Published: October 2019

To determine whether prenatal corticosteroid therapy had adverse effects on the tolerance of the newborn lung to prolonged high O2 exposure, pregnant rats were given injections of dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg) at 48 and 24 hours prior to parturition, and the newborn pups were placed in 96% to 98% O2 for the first seven days of life. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in significant decreases in body weight (-17%), lung weight (-30%), lung weight/body weight (-22%), and lung DNA (-18%) compared to untreated rat pups. Despite this growth inhibition, the dexamethasone-treated pups had improved survival in hyperoxia (36/48 = 75% vs 29/48 = 60% for untreated rats, P = .055). In addition, substantial "catch-up" lung growth had occurred by seven days and was complete in 28-day-old rats. Dexamethasone did not interfere with normal pulmonary antioxidant enzyme responses to hyperoxia. Thus, prenatal dexamethasone did not compromise the relative tolerance of the newborn to pulmonary O2 toxicity.
HERITABILITY OF CANCER IN THE PROGENY OF SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD NEOPLASIA
Authors: Miller Robert W.
Published: October 2019

Before recent improvements in therapy were available for such cancers as Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma, children affected with these tumors almost always died before the childbearing age. The question arises: now that such children can live to bear children of their own are these progeny at increased risk of cancer, as in familial retinoblastoma? The number of long-term survivors is as yet small but at the Sidney Farber Cancer Center and the Kansas University Medical Center, no cancers have been found in 23 children whose parents survived neuroblastoma or in seven whose parents survived Wilms' tumor. Among 243 progeny whose parents had childhood cancers of various types, only two developed cancer. One had hereditary retinoblastoma (lineal transmission explained), and the other, whose mother had developed a brain tumor at 10 years, developed acute leukemia at 15 years (case not so easily explained). No children were found with congenital malformations known to be associated with certain childhood cancers (eg, hemihypertrophy in the child of a parent who survived Wilms' tumor). The authors noted that as more children survive bilateral or otherwise multifocal (hereditary) neoplasms, the frequency with which their children are affected should follow the experience with retinoblastoma.
Ammonia Encephalopathy Secondary to Urinary Tract Infection with Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Samtoy Bernard , DeBeukelaer Martin M.
Published: October 2019

Hyperammonemia with coma, tachypnea, and respiratory alkalosis developed in a 3-year-old boy with prune-belly syndrome during a urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis. Hyperammonemia is thought to have resulted from the production within the massively dilated urinary tract of excessive amounts of ammonia due to bacterial urease, and its subsequent reabsorption into the systemic circulation. The patient rapidly improved following parenteral antibiotic therapy and continuous catheter drainage of the urinary tract.
The Use of Cimetidine in the Newborn
Authors: Chhattriwalla Yousuf , Colon A. R. , Scanlon John W.
Published: October 2019

Although uncommon, reflux esophagitis and gastric and duodenal ulcer disease have all been reported to occur in the newborn period.1,2 Cimetidine, a competitive antagonist specific for the histamine H2-receptor, has been demonstrated effective in reducing gastric acidity in the adult. Its neonatal use has not been reported.

The following cases suggest that cimetidine may be beneficial for the newborn with such disorders.

CASE REPORTS

Case 1

Baby L. weighed 740 gm at birth, was at 28 weeks gestation, and had prolonged, severe respiratory illness requiring ventilatory assistance. Repeated attempts at feedings, which began at 6 weeks of age, were associated with regurgitation, abdominal distention, and melenetic gastric aspirates. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) x-ray series confirmed reflux esophagitis. At 8 weeks of age cimetidine treatment was started at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The drug was continued for three weeks.

Within one week of the initiation of cimetidine therapy, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of vomiting and abdominal distention and the upper GI bleeding disappeared. There were no neurologic abnormalities noted on serial examinations performed during cimetidine therapy. There were also no changes in renal and liver function studies, or hematologic values associated with drug use.

Case 2

Baby G. was born at 27 weeks gestation and weighed 820 gm. He had severe respiratory distress and required ventilatory assistance. At 3 weeks of age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was diagnosed by x-ray and by tracheal cytology. Because of clinical deterioration from this process, the baby was started on therapy with corticosteroids at 24 days of age.
Patient and Provider Factors Associated with Selected Measures of Quality of Care
Authors: Spivak Howard R. , Levy Janice C. , Bonanno Rosemary A. , Cracknell Minette
Published: October 2019

Studies assessing quality of general pediatric care are handicapped by (1) lack of explicit criteria, (2) the broad spectrum of medical needs presented, and (3) the need to distinguish between influence of patient and provider factors. In this study, part of a comprehensive study of utilization of pediatric services at five sites (three neighborhood health centers, an emergency room, and a hospital-based primary care program), we selected three measures sampling different aspects of quality of care, including (1) immunization status, (2) screening procedures, and (3) ongoing care for ten tracer conditions. Adequacy of follow-up of the tracer conditions was assessed along two dimensions: (1) whether a return appointment was scheduled, and (2) whether the patient kept the appointment ("compliance"). Results indicate that attainment of fully immunized status varies inversely with age, while for the tracer conditions, arrangement of follow-up (provider factor) was associated with site, and compliance (patient factor) was associated with both site and pattern of use. Accomplishment of follow-up was better for patients diagnosed in a primary care facility than in the emergency room and for patients with close ties to a primary care facility than for those with limited or no involvement with primary care. These findings support the value of continuity of care in a setting designed to deliver comprehensive care.
Major Coagulopathy and "Nonpoisonous" Snake Bites
Authors: Mandell Frederick , Bates Jonathan , Mittleman M. Budd , Loy John W.
Published: October 2019

Two florid examples of disseminated coagulopathy following the bite of a rear-fanged snake (normally considered "nonvenomous") are reported. The possibility of clinically significant cases of snakebite envenomation due to "harmless" snakes in the United States is raised because of the diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
A CASE OF PREMATURE DELIVERY (1798)
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: October 2019

Thomas Denman (1733-1815), an English obstetrician, was the first in his country to recommend the induction of premature labor in cases of narrow pelvis. This had been suggested before but never successfully established as a rule of practice.

His case report below published in 1798 describes his procedure.1

In the year 1798, a lady of rank, who was six months gone with child, came from Ireland to London for the purpose of procuring advice; Dr Savage and myself were called into consultation.

She had been many years married, and in her first pregnancy, through some accident, was brought to bed of a living child about the seventh month. Since that time, though she had enjoyed a good state of health, she had been delivered, after very severe labours, of four children, all of whom were still-born. From the account given us, there was every reason to believe that she had been conducted with great patience and judgment through her labours; but that the pelvis was so much reduced in its dimensions, as to render it impossible for a full-grown living child to pass through it. When we had collected all the information we could, and duly weighed and deliberated upon the circumstances, we agreed in proposing to bring on her labour in the eighth month. Our opinion being represented to her friends, they having heard all the reasons we had to urge in support of it, gave their consent to the measure, though not without some hesitation; but the patient agreed to it very readily.
Hypoglycemia and Unilateral Pulmonary Edema in a Newborn
Authors: Kerkering Kathryn W. , Robertson Louise W. , Kodroff Michael B. , Mueller Dawn G. , Kirkpatrick Barry V.
Published: October 2019

A case of cardiomegaly with unilateral pulmonary edema is presented. The predisposing etiologies were severe hypoglycemia and a hypertonic glucose infusion into a branch of the left lower lobe pulmonary vein. Resolution resulted following maintenance of adequate glucose levels, vigorous cardiopulmonary support, and repositioning of the catheter tip in the inferior vena cava. The pathophysiologic mechanism was direct endothelial injury with an osmotic diuresis. The role of the release of a vasoactive substance was postulated.
MODIFY THE DIET AND PREVENT HEALTH
Authors: Miller Robert W.
Published: October 2019

Fats in the diet are a risk factor in heart disease and are thought to be related to the genesis of certain cancers. In 1972 the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics warned against overzealous restriction of fats in diets of children as a means for reducing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease later in life (Pediatrics 49:305-307, 1972). Now, under the nonspecific title "Chronic Non-Specific Diarrhea," a group at Massachusetts General Hospital described five children 13 to 25 months of age whose diets had been restricted in fats because of a family history of atherosclerotic disease or high triglyceride levels in a parent, among other reasons. The diarrhea cleared in all cases when dietary fat was raised to a normal level (4 gm/kg of body weight).
Subscapular Abscess Due to Haemophilus influenzae Type B
Authors: San Joaquin Venusto H. , Kimball James B.
Published: October 2019

Localized abscess formation is a rare but previously described manifestation of Haemophilus influenzae infection.1-7 A majority of the reported cases were caused by nontypeable strains of H influenzae.1,4,5,7 We report a case of an extensive subscapular abscess due to β-lactamase-negative H influenzae type B. This, to our knowledge, is the first such case described in English literature.

CASE REPORT

A 15-month-old white girl developed fever, anorexia, and irritability five days prior to admission. The following day a physician diagnosed otitis media and prescribed erythromycin. In spite of the antibiotic therapy, the symptoms persisted. A different physician was consulted, but no focus of infection could be identified.
Immunization Outreach Program in Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Saliterman Laura Shrager , London Arnold , Peterson Mary
Published: October 2019

Active immunization is one of the most vital, cost-effective tools available for the reduction of morbidity and mortality from infectious disease.1 It is the joint obligation of physicians, parents, public health officials, and school authorities to ensure delivery of this component of preventive health care to children.2 In some states the immunization rate has been improved by laws that require completion of vaccinations before entrance to school.3,4 In Minnesota, where protection against measles and rubella is mandatory before children start school, the State Department of Health reported that 84.8% of 55,674 children surveyed in the fall of 1976 were adequately immunized against diphtheria, 84.9% against tetanus, 84.2% against pertussis, 85.2% aginst polio, 74.2% against mumps, 97.8% against measles, and 97.8% against rubella.
Radionuclide Joint Imaging: Acute Rheumatic Fever Simulating Septic Arthritis
Authors: Wolff James A. , Tuomanen Elaine I. , Greenberg I. David
Published: October 2019

Technetium (Tc-99m) diphosphonate skeletal imaging is a sensitive modality for the detection of joint disease.1 Recently, the combined use of Tc-99m diphosphonate and gallium (Ga-67) citrate has been advocated for the evaluation of inflammatory joint disease and in particular the differentiation of septic arthritis from adjacent osteomyelitis and cellulitis.2,3

The case of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) described here demonstrates diffuse radioactive gallium and phosphate uptake in an affected joint. The scan findings, not unexpectedly, simulated those of a septic arthritis. Differentiation of these two entities could only be made on the basis of the clinical and biochemical picture.

CASE REPORT
Type I Glycogen Storage Disease with Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver and Vasoconstrictive Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pizzo Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

In an unusual case, type I glycogen storage disease was complicated by focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and vasoconstrictive pulmonary hypertension.

CASE REPORT

The patient was a 16½-year-old girl who had had milk intolerance and hepatomegaly as an infant. A liver biopsy specimen at age 16 months had shown an absence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. One of the two siblings was similarly affected. Throughout her childhood, the patient consistently demonstrated fasting hypoglycemia and growth retardation. A portocaval shunt performed at age 12 did not improve her growth status; at age 16, she had a bone age of 11. Within a year prior to death, palpable hepatic nodules were discovered and confirmed by liver scan.
Application of Live Varicella Vaccine to Children with Acute Leukemia or Other Malignancies Without Suspension of Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Ha Kyungsae , Baba Koichi , Ikeda Teruo , Nishida Masaru , Yabuuchi Hyakuji , Takahashi Michiaki
Published: October 2019

A live varicella vaccine was given to children with acute leukemia or other malignancies with minimal clinical reactions.1 In that study, anticancer medication was suspended beginning one week before vaccination and was not resumed until one week after vaccination.

In the present study, we attempted to vaccinate such children without suspension of anticancer medication.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Fifteen children with acute leukemia, 12 children with malignant solid tumors (4 neuroblastoma, 4 retinoblastoma, 2 Wilms tumor, 2 teratocarcinoma), and 1 child with lymphosarcoma received a live varicella vaccine1 (500 plaque forming unit/dose) without suspension of anticancer medication. All of these children had been in remission.
A Diagnostic Approach to Metabolic Acidosis in Children
Authors: Kappy Michael S. , Morrow Grant
Published: October 2019

Accurate evaluation of extracellular fluid acid-base status used to be a rather formidable task. However, with the availability of automated clinical testing, this evaluation is now readily performed on any hospitalized child. The following discussion will be limited to various aspects of metabolic acidosis with a brief review of normal and abnormal physiology. A practical approach to the diagnostic work-up of an acidotic child will also be discussed. Several more detailed discussions of acid-base homeostatic mechanisms are available for the reader who is interested in pursuing this subject.1-5

Acidosis, as used in this article, will refer to an abnormal increase in circulating acid with an accompanying decrease in the buffering capacity of the blood as manifest by a low serum bicarbonate level. Acidosis that ultimately exceeds the body's compensatory buffering mechanisms leads to an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) H+ concentration such that pH is reduced below 7.35. This state is referred to as acidemia.

NORMAL ACID-BASE PHYSIOLOGY

The normal arterial blood pH is maintained at 7.40 (H+ = 39.8 mEq/liter) and ranges between 7.35 and 7.45. When this pH value drops below the normal range, acidemia is present.6 Acidosis (excess circulating acid) may or may not be accompanied by a fall in pH (acidemia) because the body can compensate for a drop in blood pH by combining some of the excess H+ with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid and then CO2, which is eliminated through the lungs by increased ventilation. Since this compensatory process is limited by the amount of bicarbonate available for the reaction with H+, only prolonged or severe acidosis may lead to acidemia.
A Hierarchy of Clinical Observations
Authors: Berger Lawrence R.
Published: October 2019

When I was a house officer at Boston Children's Hospital, Herb Needleman was in great demand as a consultant for hospitalized children in emotional crisis. He was eclectic in approach, being trained in both pediatrics and child psychiatry, and down-to-earth in his recommendations. Herb also made a point of involving housestaff in his interviews and deliberations. I was repeatedly impressed by one inevitable occurrence in these interactions. Facile in our presentation of the pertinent medical history, physical findings, and laboratory tests, we would suddenly be at a complete loss for words when of person is she?" This loss of expressive function afflicted almost everyone, from medical student to senior resident to attending physician.
The Pediatrician's Role in the Treatment of Child Abuse: Implications from a National Evaluation Study
Authors: Cohn Anne Harris
Published: October 2019

What is the pediatrician's role in the treatment of child abuse? Much attention has been focused on the pediatrician's responsibility and frequent reluctance in detecting cases of child abuse and referring them on to the appropriate authorities.1-4 The pediatrician is more and more frequently included or trained to be included on multidisciplinary review teams to assist in the diagnosis and substantiation of cases.5,6 However, the pediatrician's role has largely been restricted to detection, referral, and medical diagnosis. And the analysis of the pediatrician's role has been limited accordingly.7-9 A recent study of child abuse programs supports the importance of these roles but further suggests that the pediatrician is in a unique position to contribute in additional ways to the treatment of child abuse.
Failures in Learning and Failures in Teaching
Authors: Eisenberg Leon
Published: October 2019

Professor Rutter's remarkable study, reported elsewhere in this issue (p 208), of the impact of secondary schools on behavior and attainment is an extraordinary accomplishment, one with major implications for pediatric practice.

The design, execution, and analysis of the study required some nine years of sustained effort. I will forego comment on what is apparent to any reader familiar with the literature on the measurement of behavior; namely, that conceptual elegance and methodologic rigor are required for the construction of behavioral measures sensitive to both process and outcome. What may be less obvious is the "politics" of a school-based study.
More Fetal Monitoring Debate
Authors: Banta H. David , Thacker Stephen B.
Published: October 2019

We are writing in response to "The Fetal Monitoring Debate," by Drs Hobbins et al in the June 1979 issue of Pediatrics, in which the authors comment extensively on our review "Costs and Benefits of Electronic Fetal Monitoring." That Dr Hobbins and his colleagues are strongly committed to electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is quite evident in their response. Unfortunately, factual errors and misunderstandings appeared in their commentary, a selection of which should be called to the attention of your readers.
In Reply: More Fetal Monitoring Debate
Authors: Hobbins John C. , Freeman Roger , Queenan John T.
Published: October 2019

Drs Banta and Thacker have alleged that factual errors and misunderstandings appeared in our June editorial (Pediatrics 63:942, 1979). With the exception of one minor point, which will be mentioned below, we were unable to find any other inaccuracies in our commentary. The authors apparently feel that our interpretation of their material is different from what they intended it to be. If so, this is a result of the indirect way some of their material was presented.
Maternal Transmission of HBV Infection
Authors: Mollica Florindo , Musumeci Salvatore , Mattina Teresa , Rugolo Salvatore
Published: October 2019

Among 18 children of chronic HBsAg carrier Greek mothers, Papaevangelou and Hoofnagle1 found only three subjects with transiently HBsAg-positive cord blood and five others with evidence of HBV infection more than six months after birth and probably resulting from postnatal exposure. They therefore concluded that transplacental transmission of HBV infection is infrequent.

The study of a similar series of 18 children of chronic HBsAg carrier Sicilian women followed with frequent controls for three to 14 months gave us different results.
Cost-Effective Clinical Decision Making
Authors: O'Boyle Edward J.
Published: October 2019

Duncan Neuhauser's commentary (Pediatrics 60:756, 1977) advocating cost-effectiveness in clinical decision making presents some fundamental problems on both the ethical and technical levels. A satisfactory resolution of both sets of problems is required before this technique is applied in clinical situations.

The cost-effectiveness is based squarely on the principle of economy which justifies allocating resources in a way that produces the greatest gain with the least effort. The technique brushes aside all other principles that are relevant to the allocation of health-care resources, including the principle of equality (every human life is equally precious) and the principle of caring (the most fundamental need of the patient is to be restored to good health and the first duty of the physician is to achieve that end).
Back to Blaming Parents?
Authors: Bennett Forrest C.
Published: October 2019

I was distressed to see the understanding and management of children with behavior and/or learning problems set back 20 years by Dr James S. Miller's article (Pediatrics 61:217, 1978). The unifying concept of minimal brain dysfunction arose in the 1950s for three main reasons: (1) many children seen clinically for family, school, and/or peer problems showed a mixture of both hyperactivity and learning disability in a wide range from mild to severe1-3; (2) most of these children, as Dr Miller states, had no history even suggestive of brain damage4; and (3) most of these children were treated as though their hyperactivity and cognitive deficits were caused entirely by interpersonal, family relationships, thus reinforcing parental guilt and making psychotherapy for the parents and child the usual treatment of choice without consideration of other causes and treatments.5
In Reply: Back to Blaming Parents?
Authors: Miller James S.
Published: October 2019

The intellectual tenor of Dr. Bennett's letter is set when he condemns "this practice of blaming parents via psychogenic causation theories." My Webster's International defines blame as "censure . . . reproach"; cause is defined as "that which effects . . . a result." Linking blame to cause is the new intellectual medievalism; the operations of the world are steeped in moral judgments. I suspect herein lie the "guts" of his objections; acknowledgment of a causal role is seen as far more than that.
Utilization of E-KTP as Home Safety Using Arduino Nano Based on Android
Authors: Mustolih Riyanto , Lenggana U Tresna , Mulyana Jajang
Published: October 2019

Security is an absolute necessity for every homeowner so that he can create a sense of security and calm when the house is left to travel by the owner of the house. Poor security makes the house a target for theft. Home security currently used still uses conventional methods. E-KTP (Electronic Identity Card) provided by the government to every citizen has a technology in which there is an RFID chip that can be used as a substitute for conventional door locks. In order for the e-KTP to be able to access the home door, an application needs to be made that can be used on android smartphone. The application makes it easy for homeowners in the E-KTP registration process that can be used to open the door. In addition, the application can send notifications to homeowners if the house is entered by thieves via SMS (Short Message Service) and Call / Call through the SIM800L module which is controlled using an Arduino Nano Microcontroller.
Assessment of Readiness and Usability of Information Systems Use
Authors: Yuniarto Dwi , Subiyakto Aang , Abd. Rohman Aedah Binti , Marliana Reny Rian
Published: October 2019

The assessment of the use of information systems has been carried out by many researchers. This research was conducted in Private Universities in Indonesia, which currently involve many information systems in many ways, especially those related to the management of Higher Education, by measuring the readiness and usability of the use of information systems with models that I build from the integration of two models. The results of the measurement of this study were obtained from the distribution of questionnaires, there were 47% of respondents who filled 61-80% of the level of IS usage and 68% of respondents stated their readiness in the level of readiness to use IS. The stage consists of evaluating reflective measurement models and structural model assessments. Evaluating reflective measurement in evaluating internal consistency reliability using Composite Reliability, Reliability Indicator, Convergent Validity, and Discriminant Validity, finally concluded that the use of the Readiness and Usability integration model can be forwarded to a more complex research stage and can use the questionnaire.
Short Message Service Encoding Using the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Algorithm
Authors: Prasetyo Deny , Widianto Eko Didik , Indasari Ike Pratiwi
Published: October 2019

SMS (Short Message Service) is one of the data exchange features in cellphones, including Android smartphones, which are the most widely used smartphone platforms today. However, the security of the SMS is questionable because the message sent must pass through a third party frist, namely SMSC (Short Message Service Center), so that message can be tapped or misused. One of the ways to reduce this risk is to encrypt or keep the original message secret by applying the cryptography algorithm. This research is to develop a system that serves to encrypt and decrypt SMS for Android-based smartphone users. The application is created to encrypt dan decrypt SMS using the Java programming language on Android, that is applied to smartphone integrated with Android Studio and used RSA cryptography algorithm. The application can be used to encrypt and decrypt SMS using the RSA algorithm on the Android-based smartphone. This application can send an SMS with a size of 86 characters and using QR Code to exchange the public key.
Finding Nearest Mosque Using Haversine Formula on Android Platform
Authors: Setyorini Indah , Ramayanti Desi
Published: October 2019

Prayer is the second pillar of Islam and it is emphasized after the two sentences of syahadat. It has been said that itâ€™s as perfect and as good as worship. Prayer is one of the obligations for Muslims and must be done both for Mukimin and Musafir. The virtue of prayer in the mosque is the same as the value of 20 degrees of reward compared to prayer elsewhere. With the traffic jam phenomenon that is increasing due to heavy traffic. For someone who is traveling home in the afternoon before maghrib, some people are always confused to do Maghrib prayer because of the lack of information about the nearest mosque. The problem can be solved by finding the shortest path is a problem to find the minimum route from the starting point to the destination point with the shortest route. This research was made to design an application that provides direction to the nearest mosque in the area of Larangan, Tangerang city. In the making of this system to find the shortest path can be solved using the haversine formula and using the java programming language, where java is used to build applications while the database used is the MySQL database and the use of Google Maps API in determining the route.
An Analysis of Spam Email Detection Performance Assessment Using Machine Learning
Authors: Santoso Budi
Published: October 2019

Spam email is very annoying for email account users to get relevant information. Detection of email spam has actually been applied to email services for the public with various methods. But for the use of a limited number of company's e-mail accounts, not all e-mail servers provide spam e-mail detection features. The server administrator must add a separate or modular spam detection feature so that e-mail accounts can be protected from spam e-mail. This study aims to get the best method in the process of detecting spam emails. Some machine learning methods such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest are applied and compared results to get the most efficient method of detecting spam e-mail. Efficiency measurements are obtained from the speed of training and testing processes, as well as the accuracy in detecting spam emails. The results obtained in this study indicate that the Random Forest method has the best performance with a test data speed of 0.19 seconds and an accuracy of 98%. This result can be used as a reference for the development of spam detection using other methods.
Implementation SHA512 Hash Function And Boyer-Moore String Matching Algorithm For Jpeg/exif Message Digest Compilation
Authors: Fitriyanto Rachmad , Yudhana Anton , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: October 2019

Security information method for JPEG/exif documents generally aims to prevent security attacks by protecting
documents with password and watermark. Both methods cannot be used to determine the condition of data integrity at the detection stage of the information security cycle. Message Digest is the essence of a file that has a function as a digital fingerprint to represent data integrity. This study aims to compile digital fingerprints to detect changes that occurred in JPEG / exif documents in information security. The research phase consists of five stages. The first stage, identification of the JPEG / exif document structure conducted using the Boyer-Moore string matching algorithm to find JPEG/exif segments location. The Second stage is segment content acquisition, conducted based on segment location and length obtained. The Third step, computing message digest for each segment using SHA512 hash function. Fourth stage, JPEG / exif document modification experiments to identified affected segments. The fifth stage is selecting and combining the hash value of the segment into the message digest. The obtained result shows the message digest for JPEG/exif documents composed of three hash values. The SOI segment hash value used to detect modifications for JPEG to png conversion and image editing. The APP1 hash value used to detect metadata editing. The SOF0 hash values use to detect modification for image recoloring, cropping and resizing — the combination from three hash values as JPEG/exif’s message digest.
Validez ejemplar, sentido común y universalismo: um estudio sobre la ejemplaridad en Kant y en la retórica aristotélica
Authors: Hernandez Juan Carlos Castro
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Una de las nociones más controvertidas dentro de las interpretaciones contemporáneas de la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar, es la de “sentido común”. Junto a éste, Kant propuso un nuevo modelo de validez normativa calificada como “ejemplar”, cuyo planteamiento resulta bastante problemático. El presente artículo propone una lectura y una interpretación de este tipo de validez, a partir de la reactualización realizada por Alessandro Ferrara, y desde el horizonte de la tradición retórica, representada por Aristóteles Con ello se espera un mejor entendimiento del problema en cuestión, y al mismo tiempo, se pretende hacer mucho más comprensibles las posibilidades que Alessandro Ferrara le atribuye a esta forma de la normatividad.
Derrida lector de Kant: consideraciones sobre la subjetividad estética
Authors: Aldridge Alejandro Valenzuela
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Este artículo presenta una revisión detallada de la deconstrucción de la subjetividad estética moderna ensayada por Jacques Derrida en su confrontación con la célebre e influyente Kritik der Urteilskraft de Kant y, a la vez, sitúa esta empresa en el contexto mayor del corpus derridiano por medio de la explicitación de la vasta red conceptual que la sostiene (auto-afección, espectralidad, cripta, huella, etc.). En último término, lo que aquí se explora -siguiendo siempre a Derrida- es una comprensión de la experiencia estética como sustracción, como fractura del campo subjetivo por efecto de la introducción de una (no) presencia irreductible.
Lessing na estética de Adorno: música, pintura e a questão da pseudomorfose
Authors: Socha Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Neste artigo, propõe-se uma confrontação entre a teoria dos signos de Gotthold E. Lessing, tal como exposta em Laocoonte ou sobre as fronteiras da pintura e da poesia (1766), e os dois ensaios de Theodor W. Adorno sobre as relações entre música e pintura (de 1950 e 1965). Pretende-se, com isso, demonstrar a presença decisiva de elementos da estética clássica alemã no pensamento adorniano do pós-guerra; em particular, observa-se o modo pelo qual a teoria racionalista de Lessing atua na abordagem dialética adorniana a respeito da irredutibilidade formal dos meios artísticos e das possibilidades de sua convergência. À luz de tal confrontação, discutem-se, em um segundo momento do artigo, os temas da conferência de Adorno de 1966, A arte e as artes, que, em certa medida, consubstancia a discussão dos ensaios anteriores sobre música e pintura. Assinala-se, nesse contexto, a continuidade da posição teórica de Adorno e se apresentam as diferenças entre o processo de pseudomorfose e o de imbricação (Verfransung) dos meios artísticos, segundo o filósofo.
Variaciones Greenberg: apogeo y debacle de un crítico de arte
Authors: Rauschenberg Nicholas
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Partiendo del texto clásico Vanguardia y kitsch, nos proponemos analizar la obra del crítico norteamericano Clement Greenberg. Después de la intervención del Estado norteamericano en el arte entre 1935 y 1943 (los WTA), Clement Greenberg surge como uno de los principales críticos que buscaron unificar el “arte elevado” de ese país. Para tanto, el crítico norteamericano busca justificar el nivel artístico de esa vanguardia acercando esa producción a las vanguardias europeas, especialmente el cubismo. Veremos los problemas de Greenberg al forjar una “historicidad inmanente” a las obras de arte para justificar una posible convergencia de las vanguardias europeas en el nuevo contexto de la vanguardia norteamericana: el “expresionismo abstracto”. Greenberg, con ayuda del MoMA y del Estado norteamericano buscó fomentar una “pintura a la americana”, una vanguardia conocida como escuela de Nueva York. Buscamos analizar el contexto en que se forjó esa tendencia artificiosamente unificada y cómo el pop art emerge como una crítica performática de ese contexto. Más que vanagloriarse de sus métodos técnicos, el pop art busca subvertir el contexto de recepción del arte que hasta entonces era expectante del “arte serio y elevado” defendido por Greenberg.
La imagen latente: Walter Benjamin y la historia del arte
Authors: Bettoni Cecilia
Published: October 2019

Resumen: El presente artículo se propone examinar la clausura del concepto benjaminiano de aura como noción válida para pensar la experiencia estética contemporánea. En este sentido, un primer objetivo consiste en rehabilitar tal concepto, cotejando su definición en el famoso ensayo sobre la reproductibilidad técnica con las diversas formulaciones que el mismo Benjamin elabora al respecto en otros ensayos (“Pequeña historia de la fotografía”, El narrador y “Sobre algunos temas en Baudelaire”), en los que la gravitación del aura se desplaza desde una cualidad objetiva, anidada en la obra misma, hacia una facultad perceptual y memoriosa que organiza su experiencia histórica. A partir de lo anterior, un segundo objetivo consiste en pesquisar las huellas de un presunto modelo de historiografía del arte que Benjamin esboza en una carta dirigida a Florens Christian Rang y que afina en su ensayo sobre Eduard Fuchs. Establecidos los lineamientos de este modelo, el artículo concluye que el concepto de aura no remite tanto a una datación de origen de la obra de arte, circunscribiendo exclusivamente sus condiciones de producción, sino a las coordenadas variables en las que cada época recupera para sí una obra de arte determinada. Esta recuperación, imantada por el mecanismo de las correspondances, donde la singularidad de una obra de arte hace sistema con una situación histórica determinada, permite comprender finalmente el aura como un modo de experiencia de las imágenes del arte.
Deleuze e a imagem: um problema estético
Authors: Bilate Danilo
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Este artigo busca investigar possíveis significações da palavra “imagem”, que se depreendam dos textos de Deleuze sobre as artes, através de uma pesquisa filológica que respeita a cronologia de suas obras. Essa noção de imagem, fundamental para a Estética, aparece em seus comentários sobre Proust, o cinema, Bacon e Beckett, principalmente, seja com o uso do termo “imagem”, seja com os termos “signo” e “ideia”, àquele correlatos. Assim, verifica-se um vácuo na década de 70, de modo que, se a noção de signo é estudada na década anterior, ao tratar de Proust, e a de ideia, em Diferença e repetição, o tema “imagem” é retomado nas duas décadas subsequentes com toda a intensidade, ao abordar a pintura de Bacon, o universo cinematográfico e a obra teatral e televisiva de Beckett.
¿Puede el cine darnos qué pensar? Wong Kar-Wai y la poética del des-encuentro
Authors: Duque Carlos Fernando Alvarado
Published: October 2019

Resumen: ¿Puede el cine filosofar? ¿Puede la imagen en movimiento ser medio para que la filosofía opere en otra materia expresiva? Este artículo (derivado de la tesis doctoral en filosofía: Poéticas del cine: marcas de una filosofía en imágenes) tiene como interés auscultar la capacidad de ciertos cines (que tiene origen en el marco del cine moderno) de hacer filosofía al interior de la gran pantalla. Por eso, se exponen las líneas teóricas que permiten la defensa de un cine filosófico capaz de ofrecer conceptos a través de la dimensión expresiva propia de las imágenes en movimiento. Dicho proceso tiene lugar al interior del trabajo poético que el cine de autor ofrece y que, a razón de su distancia del tono general del cine clásico, supone una crítica a la metafísica en el territorio del séptimo arte. Se realiza el análisis de parte de la obra iniciática del director Wong Kar-Wai y su singular poética del des-encuentro (nominación que introducimos para caracterizar las marcas de autor del cineasta hongkonés). A razón de su trabajo al filo del cine moderno es posible evidenciar cómo el cine puede darnos qué pensar.
Genet e o mal: Sartre entre a ética e a estética
Authors: Prates Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo apontar uma relação entre a estética e a ética em Sartre, mostrando que a constituição ética do indivíduo não se distingue da sua constituição estética. Primeiramente, parte-se da crítica que Merle faz em seu artigo à psicanálise existencial e se evidencia como o encontro com a história e a postulação de uma teoria da personalização nas obras biográficas destituem tais críticas. Num segundo momento, legitimam-se as postulações anteriores, apontando-se como na obra Saint Genet Sartre ratifica a constituição do gosto sobre a moral pelo processo de personalização. Por fim, será visto que toda ética tem um pressuposto transgressor, na medida em que o sujeito ético é também sujeito estético.
Sobreposição de casos novos de hanseníase em redes de convívio domiciliar em dois municípios do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, 2001-2014
Authors: Reis Adriana da Silva dos , Souza Eliana Amorim de , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , Silva Gilberto Valentim da , Macedo Suyanne Freire de , Araújo Olívia Dias de , Cruz Jessíca Reco , García Gabriela Soledad Márdero , Carneiro Maria Angélica Gomes , Barbosa Jaqueline Caracas , Ramos Jr. Alberto Novaes
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a magnitude e o perfil sociodemográfico de casos de hanseníase vinculados a Redes de Convívio Domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em dois municípios brasileiros, um da Região Norte e outro da Nordeste, de 2001 a 2014. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com base em dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase em indivíduos residentes em Picos, no Estado do Piauí, e em Rolim de Moura, no Estado de Rondônia. “Sobreposição” foi definida como casos novos com ocorrência de pelo menos mais um caso de hanseníase em sua RCD. Cada RCD foi composta por caso referência (primeiro caso notificado), casos coprevalentes (contatos que se tornaram casos novos) e contatos domiciliares de caso referência. Um total de 437 casos novos abordados pelos projetos INTEGRAHANS Norte-Nordeste e Piauí foram avaliados, 287 (65,7%) em Picos e 150 (34,3%) em Rolim de Moura. Do total de casos avaliados, 129 (44,9%) em Picos e 98 (65,3%) em Rolim de Moura relataram a ocorrência de sobreposição. Verificou-se maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino em Rolim de Moura (n = 95, 63,3%) e do masculino em Picos (n = 147, 51,2%); na faixa etária entre 41-60 anos de idade (Rolim de Moura n = 70, 46,7%; Picos n = 115, 40,1%); com ensino fundamental (Rolim de Moura n = 80, 54%; Picos n = 125, 44,5%) e que morava no mesmo domicílio com até 3 pessoas em Rolim de Moura (n = 105, 70%) e com mais de 4 pessoas em Picos (n = 287, 100%). A sobreposição de casos de hanseníase em RCD apresentou magnitude considerável nos contextos analisados, demonstrando aspectos de vulnerabilidade ampliada. Essa perspectiva deve ser considerada e integrada às ações de vigilância e controle da hanseníase.
Percepción de la población con respecto a medicamentos genéricos frente a los de marca en hospitales del Perú
Authors: Mendoza-Chuctaya Giuston , Cubas-Llalle Wildor Samir , Mejia Christian R. , Chachaima-Mar Jorge Emerson , Montesinos-Segura Reneé , Arce-Villalobos Laura R. , Mamani-Cruz John Carlos
Published: October 2019

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la percepción de la población con respecto a medicamentos genéricos, frente a los medicamentos de marca, en hospitales del Perú. Participaron del estudio 4.914 personas mayores de 18 años, de 13 ciudades del Perú; clasificándolas en Lima, grandes y pequeñas ciudades. Se exploraron características socioeconómicas, demográficas y de percepción de medicamentos genéricos, en comparación con los medicamentos de marca. Determinando las asociaciones para cada cruce de variables, se calcularon razones de prevalencias (RP) y sus intervalos del 95% de confianza (IC95%), usando regresiones de Poisson crudas y ajustadas con varianza robusta con Stata 14.0. De los 4.914 participantes, el 46,7% estaban de acuerdo con que los medicamentos genéricos son menos eficaces que los medicamentos de marca, el 49,3% ha recomendado o recomendaría a otras personas el uso de medicamentos genéricos, además, el análisis multivariado encontró que las personas que tenían un ingreso económico menor a PEN 1.000 estaban predispuestas a recomendar un medicamento genérico (RP = 1,36; IC95%: 1,14-1,63). Los resultados ponen en manifiesto que la población peruana aún tiene conceptos equívocos y baja aceptación a los medicamentos genéricos. El presente estudio debería servir para desarrollar políticas de salud, que velen por el bajo costo y calidad a la hora de escoger un medicamento.
Un acercamiento territorial a la práctica físico-deportiva de la población infantil que habita la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Lavin Julieta
Published: October 2019

La categoría espacial de la epidemiología ha sido simplificada a su mínima expresión por la epidemiología moderna. Se propone dotarla de sentido, y pensarla desde las condiciones de recreación de la infancia que habita el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se buscó analizar las percepciones de distintos actores, vinculados a la vida infantil, que asisten a las escuelas municipales en torno a la posibilidad de una práctica físico-deportiva en el territorio barrial. Se realizó una aproximación cualitativa al análisis de datos producidos en sub-estudios de un proyecto marco, recuperando discursos de madres, padres, docentes y directivos de escuelas, equipos de salud y autoridades de la Secretaría de Educación de la Municipalidad, rescatando las categorías teórico-analíticas que nos permitieron pensar nuestro objeto. Las concepciones y significados respecto a la práctica físico-deportiva expresaron un predominio del discurso biomédico, centrado en lo “sano” y lo “saludable”, una institucionalización del “estilo de vida saludable y activo”, una idea de relación causal y lineal entre deporte/actividad física y salud, una mirada esencialista y sin sujeto de esta práctica. A nivel del territorio barrial, surgen escasas oportunidades de recreación, deficiente calidad y cantidad de espacios y servicios públicos, además de un fuerte sentido de inseguridad. Finalmente, con relación al nivel estructural, se destaca un Estado ausente en la definición de una política integrada para una práctica físico-deportiva desde la infancia y de mejora del espacio público.
Prevalência de exposição a ruído ocupacional em trabalhadores brasileiros: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Assunção Ada Ávila , Abreu Mery Natali Silva , Souza Priscila Sílvia Nunes
Published: October 2019

O objetivo foi descrever a prevalência de exposição ocupacional a ruído e analisar os fatores associados a essa condição na população brasileira. Neste estudo transversal, de base populacional, utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. A amostra foi composta de 36.442 brasileiros com 18 anos ou mais de idade. A variável desfecho foi a exposição autorreferida a ruído durante o trabalho. Para avaliar os possíveis fatores associados à exposição a ruído, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, assim como o modelo de Poisson, com variâncias robustas, tanto uni quanto multivariado. Os resultados obtidos identificaram prevalência de exposição ao ruído de 32,1%, variando de 40,9% (Santa Catarina) a 21,9% (Piauí). Houve menor prevalência entre as mulheres (RP = 0,57; IC95%: 0,55-0,59) e no grupo com 55 anos ou mais (RP = 0,70; IC95%: 0,65-0,76). Detectou-se maior prevalência na faixa de 25 a 54 anos (RP = 1,00; IC95%: 0,95-1,06), nível médio de instrução (RP = 1,36; IC95%: 1,29-1,44), relato de cansaço (RP = 1,35; IC95%: 1,30-1,40), dificuldade auditiva (RP = 1,27; IC95%: 1,19-1,35), história de acidente de trabalho (RP = 1,37; IC95%: 1,25-1,50). A prevalência de autorrelato de exposição a ruído ocupacional foi superior àquela observada em três países da América Latina. Maior prevalência entre homens, trabalhadores jovens e menos escolarizados era esperada. As associações com problemas auditivos e não auditivos sugerem medidas sistêmicas. Ajustes das perguntas da PNS são desejáveis para favorecer comparabilidade e monitoramento.