bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serological data of bovine herpes virus type-1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in various ruminants in small-scale farms in the Central and Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey
Authors: Tamer Cuneyt , Palanci Hasan , Bayram Elif , Cakmaker Murat , Ozan Emre , Kadi Hamza , Onkol Sermin , Gumusova Semra , Albayrak Harun
Published: July 2017

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Bovine herpes virus type-1 (BHV-1) are economically important pathogens leading to critical health problems for widespread ruminant populations worldwide. This study was conducted in order to update the seroprevalence of both viruses in non-vaccinated ruminant breeding enterprises in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Blood samples (n=1.025) were collected from 192 small-scale farms and were screened using a virus neutralization test. Overall percentages of BVDV and BHV-1 were 19.90 % and 13.56 %, respectively. All goat and cattle enterprises were seropositive for BVDV. Single and dual virus infections rates were 24.87 %  and 5.26 % respectively. The Black Sea Region of Turkey has a great number of small-sized ruminant farms and the results confirmed that BVDV and BHV-1 viruses were still in circulation and a wide range of large and small ruminants were exposed to both viruses.
Prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity in rabbit of Ebola virus VP40 matrix protein
Authors: Wang Yinbiao , Liu Xiao , Yang Xingdong , Tao Ling , Xu Pengwei , Gao Xia , Li Huijun , Yang Zhongzhi , Wu Weidong
Published: July 2017

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is among severe and fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers and a global health concern. Here, we constructed a prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32a-VP40 for the large-scale expression of VP40 in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) cells. Water-soluble protein was obtained through optimization of the expression temperature, time and IPTG concentrations. After purification through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, VP40 protein was applied to immunize rabbit for the analysis of immunogenicity and the production of polyclonal antibodies. Western blot showed that recombinant VP40 protein could be recognized by anti-His6-tag MAb and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against VP40 protein. Polyclonal antibody titers in ELISA reached 1:51200. Moreover, the produced rabbit polyclonal antibodies could react specifically with VP40 protein expressed in BHK-21 cells by transfection of pcDNA-eGFP-VP40 in IPMA. The preparation of VP40 protein and its polyclonal antibodies laid the basis for developing immunoassays for EBOV detection.
Effects of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on hormonal profile, serum biochemical constituents, and oxidative stress in pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers
Authors: Ali Shujait , Zubair Muhammad , Umar Saqib , Akhtar Muhammad , Iqbal Zahid , Sajid Sajid , Kaleem Muhammad , Rehman Ubaid-Ur-
Published: July 2017

Clomiphene citrate(an anti-estrogen) has the abilities for the secretion of gondaotropin from the anterior pituitary gland. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of CC and hCG on female sex hormones (FSH, Estrogen) and serum biochemical constituents in pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers. The twelve animals were randomly divided into a) treatment and b) control groups. These animals were grouped on the basis of reproductive status of heifers. The animals in treatment group were fed clomiphene citrate with dose of 300mg/ animal for 9 days.  On 10thday of experiment, hCG (IVF-C 5000 iu (hCG) LG Life Sciences, Korea) was injected I/V to both groups. For the serum biochemical constituent’s evaluation and oxidative stress (MDA), blood on day 0, 14 and 28 was collected. Similarly, for hormones evaluation three blood samples per week (on alternate days) for 9 days were collected. The concentrations of both hormones were assessed by ELISA. For the comparison of variables, student t-test was applied. Analysis of data revealed that levels of hormones were higher in treated animals as compared to control. There was significant (p less than 0.05) increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides total protein and sugar.But there was nonsignificant(p> 0.05) effect on liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and MDA. It was concluded that use of CC and hCG increase the FSH and estrogen and few alterations in serum biochemical constituents in the pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers.
Pobreza relativa y absoluta. El caso de México (1992-2004)
Authors: Ruiz-Castillo Javier
Published: July 2017

Este artículo defiende que aunque la noción de pobreza absoluta aún debe ser un ingrediente esencial en la evaluación de la calidad de vida de los países en desarrollo y en transición, es hora de que la pobreza relativa comience a ser sistemáticamente estimada para esos mismos países. Esta recomendación se aplica a México durante el período 1992-2004, cuando en 2000 el gobierno de Fox determinó oficialmente por primera vez una línea de pobreza absoluta. Como en el Segundo Programa Europeo de Pobreza a fines de los años ochenta, la línea de pobreza relativa se fija en 50% de la media del gasto equivalente. Las pobrezas absoluta y la relativa se comportan de maneras opuestas durante el ciclo 1992-2000, pero ambas descienden significativamente durante el período de estancamiento 2000-2004. La pobreza relativa es mayor que la absoluta desde 1992 a 1994, menor durante 1996-1998, y mayor de nuevo en 2000-2004. En cualquier caso, la pobreza relativa en México es mucho mayor que la pobreza relativa en los países desarrollados.
Correlation of cost, time, need, access, and competence with the public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentist
Authors: Sopianah Yayah , Sabilillah Muhammad Fiqih , Fadilah Ayyu
Published: July 2017

Background: Tooth loss can be caused by trauma, caries, and periodontal disease. It then can trigger an emotional impact on each individual, such as having a lack of confidence, feeling ashamed of the appearance, and trying to hide the missing teeth. As a result, people experiencing tooth loss want to put or replace their missing teeth with artificial ones. Unfortunately, many of them prefer to visit non-professional dentists rather than professional ones providing the same services because of both internal and external factors. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze factors affecting the public interest in Losari District of Brebes Regency in 2016 to install dentures in non-professional dentists. Method: This research focused on a correlation of cost, time, need, access, and competence with denture-making care interest using survey method. Sampling was conducted with purposive sampling technique. The number of samples was thirty-six people. Result: There was a significant correlation between public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists and cost factor (a p value of 0.010, <a 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant correlation between public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists and time factor (a p value of 0.000, <a 0.05). There were significant correlations between the public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists and need (a p value of 0.004, <a 0.05), as well as between public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists and access factor (a p value of 0.000  a 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a correlation between cost, time, need, and access with the public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists. Community competence has no correlation with public interest in installing dentures at non-professional dentists.
INFRARED SPECTRA OF THIOSACCHARINATES OF CADMIUM AND LEAD COMPARISON WITH THE ANALOGOUS METAL SACCHARINATES
Authors: Jovanovski Gligor , Kahil Adnan , Grupče Orhideja
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectra of thiosaccharinates of cadmium and lead in the 4000–400 cm–1 region were studied. Although the observed resemblance between the spectra recorded in KBr pellets suggests a possible similarity between their structures as well, the powder X-ray diagrams show that these two compounds are not isomorphous. The presence of broad and intense bands in the region of the HOH stretchings shows that thiosaccharinate of cadmium is a crystalline hydrate and the spectral picture in the region of the O-D stretchings of the isotopically isolated HOD molecules in the partially deuterated analogue indicates that present in its structure are at least two types of crystallographically different water molecules involved in the formation of weak hydrogen bonds. The room temperature (RT) spectrum of lead thiosaccharinate in the region of the ν(HOH) modes differs significantly from the spectrum recorded at the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen (LNT), which may perhaps be interpreted as an indication that a phase transition is taking place on lowering the temperature. The spectrum of lead thiosaccharinate was recorded in a Nujol mull as well. While the KBr and Nujol spectra are essentially identical in the region below 1600 cm–1, no bands are observed in the HOH stretching region of the mull spectra. In fact, it was shown that the appearance of the spectra of lead thiosaccharinates depends on the emulsion preparation rate. A comparison of the spectral characteristics of the thiosaccharinates of cadmium and lead with those of the corresponding saccharinates (their crystal structures are known) was made, special attention being paid to the analysis of the SO2 stretching region in the saccharinate and thiosaccharinate compounds.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE BARBER FILTERS
Authors: Lukić Gordana
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The sensitivity of different Barber filters is investigated. It has been found that the sensitivity depends on the orders of the filters and on the types of the applied approximations. The sensitivity of the Barber filters does not change essentially by increasing the order of the filter, as is shown in the paper. A comparison between the sensitivity of traditional active filters of the second order and Barber filters of the second order is presented. Taken into consideration is the transfer function sensitivity with respect to time constant T because the value of the time constant is the most unstable quantity. The advantage of the Barber filters is obvious in sensitivity, especially for Barber bandpass filters. Because of their low sensitivity Barber filters are very suitable to use in moving objects, like aeroplanes, satellites and rockets.
EMPIRICAL RELATIONS OF SEISMIC MOMENT AND EARTHQUAKE MOMENT MAGNITUDE TO EARTHQUAKE LOCAL MAGNITUDE FOR THE VARDAR AND WEST MACEDONIA SEISMIC ZONES
Authors: Čejkovska Vera
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: Seismic moments (M0) of 79 earthquakes which ed in the Vardar and West Macedonia seismic zones on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia and neighbouring regions within the period 1992–2002 were obtained by inversion of the amplitude spectra of the vertical components of the short-period shear Sg and Lg surface waves, digitally recorded on the electromagnetic short-period SS-1 and wide-range WR-1 Kinemetrics seismometers at the stations in Skopje (SKO), Ohrid (OHR), Valandovo (VAY), Bitola (BIA) and Kriva Palanka (KPJ). The inversion was done on the Brune dislocation source model and a proper model of the medium. The data used included earthquake local magnitudes (ML) between 1.5 and 5.2, for the Vardar seismic zone, and between 1.4 and 5.2, for the West Macedonia seismic zone. Moment magnitudes (MW) of the earthquakes were calculated using the Kanamori formula. Empirical M0 – ML and MW – ML relations were obtained, the first of the kind for seismic zones in the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. The results also appointed to a differentiation between classes of small and middle-sized earthquakes at ML = 5.2 and to a change in the scaling law of the small earthquakes at ML ≈ 3.0 – 3.5 or M0 ≈ 6·1013 – 1.5·1014 N·m.
A GRADIENT-CORRECTED HYBRID HF–DFT STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE DICHLORODIOXOCHROMIUM(VI) COMPLEX WITH 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE
Authors: Pejov Ljupčo , Trpkovska Mira , Šoptrajanov Bojan
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: In order to get a more exact basis for the band assignments in the case of dichlorodioxochromium(VI) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline (especially regarding the order of appearance of the antisymmetric and symmetric CrO2 stretching bands) a quantum chemical study of this system was carried out. Two levels of theory were employed – the HF/6-31++G(d,p) and the density-functional-theory-based (DFT) method B3–LYP/6- 31++G(d,p). Full geometry optimizations of the title complex were carried out, employing Schlegel's gradient optimization algorithm. Harmonic vibrational analyses of the stationary points located on both potential energy hypersurfaces were subsequently carried out in order to test their character and to compute the harmonic vibrational frequencies of the complex. Predictions of the ab initio and DFT quantum chemical approaches regarding the order of appearance of the antisymmetric and symmetric CrO2 stretching bands in the case of the studied complex were compared to the cases of analogous 2,2'-bipyridine and 2,2'-biquinoline complexes containing the CrO2 group, which were previously studied by us [1–6].
CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY PART I. ISOTHERMAL AND NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Raka Luljeta , Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: Theoretical background of the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene is summarized with respect to the potential of DSC method applied for the analysis of isothermal and non-isothermal processes.
HPLC INVESTIGATION OF THE DEGRADATION OF SOME ARTIFICIAL AZO FOOD COLORANTS IN THE PRESENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: Kostić Vesna , Stafilov Trajče , Stojanoski Kiro
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The influence of the concentration of ascorbic acid on some azo food colorant (Brilliant Black BN, Brilliant Blue FCF, Chinoline Yellow, Indigotine, Patent Blue V and Tartazine) degradation in the solution has been studied. Rate constant (k), time of colorant half-life (t1/2), as well as the type of the kinetic reaction have been determined. The colorants and the ascorbic acid have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) and UV-VIS spectrometry. It was found that the higher concentration of ascorbic acid leads to the higher rate constant and lower colorants half-life. The values of the rate constants are 2.50–4.25 times higher when the colorant degradation was run in the presence of 500 mg L–1 of ascorbic acid than in the case of the presence of 100 mg L–1 ascorbic acid for Brilliant Blue FCF, Chinoline Yellow, Patent Blue V and Tartazine. From the other side, the degradation of Brilliant Black BN and Indigotine is very fast with a total degradation for 6–9 days. Therefore, the rate constants for those two food colorants are much higher than for the other investigated colorants. According to the linearity of the kinetics curves (ln(c/co) v.s. time) it appeared to be first order kinetics for the interval up to 4 days.
DETERMINATION OF THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF SOME p-SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC HYDRAZONES
Authors: Jankulovska Mirjana , Spirevska Ilinka , Cholančeska Ragjenovikj Katica
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The acid-base behavior of five p-substituted aromatic hydrazones has been studied, using UV spectrophotometric method. The influence of the acidity of the medium on the absorption spectra is followed in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions in pH region from 7 to 14. The measurements are performed at room temperature, and at ionic strength of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mol dm–3. A batochromic shift of the absorption band that appears in neutral media is observed, when pH is up to 7. It suggests that the dissociation process of the amide and hydroxyl group takes place. Deprotonation enthalpies and total energy values are calculated by using the semiempirical methods AM1 and PM3. Using the changes in the UV spectra with pH of the solution, the determination of dissociation constants, pKBH, at three different ionic strengths, as well as, the thermodynamic dissociation constants at zero ionic strength, is performed. In order to obtain more precise results, the calculations are made from the absorbance values at four selected wavelengths. Furthermore, the pKBH values were determined graphically from the intercept of the dependence of logI on pH. The results showed that the numerically calculated pKBH values are identical to those graphically obtained.
PETA KOMPETENSI PROFESI OPERATOR MESIN PRODUKSI DAN GAP KOMPETENSI ANTARA KOMPETENSI LULUSAN SMK JURUSAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN DENGAN TUNTUTAN DUNIA KERJA (Studi kasus pada Bengkel Pemesinan di Kota Surakarta)
Authors: Saputro Herman , Bambang Pr. Bambang Pr. , C. Sudibyo C. Sudibyo
Published: July 2017

This research purpose is to explore extensively about the competencies required in the workplace, especially in profession of machine operators. The research also aims to find the gap that exists between the competence of vocational school graduates majoring in machinery with the demands of competence in the workplace. The research method used in this study is exploratory qualitative research method. From this research it can be seen that the macro level profession competence of machine operators can be classified into 3 groups of competencies, that is: 1) base competency, 2) Core Competency, and 3) supporting competency. Based on the base competency map, there was a gap between vocational school graduates with professional competence of machine operators, that is 1) competency to read engineering drawings and 2) competency using hand tools. Based on core competency map, 33% of vocational school graduates on levels less capable to work in core area of the machine operator profesion. Based on supporting-competency map, workshop-leaders and senior machine operators have assessed the ability of vocational school graduates are also less capable to perform the service to consumers.
Gender Based Correlational Study between Multiple Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Agarwal Surbhi , Suraksha Prof.
Published: July 2017

The study aims to find the relationship between male and female students at senior secondary level corresponding to their multiple intelligence and emotional intelligence. A sample of 250 boys and 250 girls studying in four senior secondary schools of Meerut city was randomly selected. Multiple Intelligence scale by the investigator herself and Emotional Intelligence Scale by Arun Kumar & Prof. Suraksha was used. Difference between male and female students corresponding to their relationship between multiple intelligence and emotional intelligence was determined by applying product moment correlation and significance of r (referred by H.E. Garret). After analysis of data it was found that there exists no significant relationship between male and female students with reference to multiple intelligence and emotional intelligence. 
Sustainable Consumption: The Role of Eco Labels on Consumers’ Buying Decision
Authors: Salini K. , Thomas Bino
Published: July 2017

This study aims to give information about the effect of eco labels on customers purchasing behaviours. The increase public concern in relation to their surrounding natural environment has started to show off their consumption behaviours and lead to the creation of a new group of consumers as the green consumers Green production and consumption is a necessity of this century because of dreadful environmental degradation and changing consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is a dynamic factor in order to cope up with; new strategies and ideas are developed from the part of manufactures to sustain in the highly competitive market.
Variasi Genetik dalam Populasi Kultivar Kopi Arabika Berbuah Kuning di Lahan Petani Berdasarkan Penanda SSRs
Authors: Dani Dani , Izzah Nur Kholilatul , Randriani Enny
Published: July 2017

Identification of the genetic diversity within populations of yellow-berried Arabica coffee cultivar based on morphological characters faced an obstacle in finding identical environmental conditions at farmers field. Therefore, an approach which is not influenced by differences in environmental conditions is required, for instance based on DNA polymorphism. The research aimed to analyze genetic variation within populations of yellow-berried Arabica coffee cultivar based on SSRs markers. The research was conducted in the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from April until June 2015. The leaf samples for DNA extraction were obtained from yellow-berried Arabica coffee cultivar (AGK-1) and two red-berried cultivars  as controls, namely  ABP-1 (dwarf type) and Typica (tall type). AGK-1 and ABP-1 cultivars consisted of 17 and 5 individual numbers, respectively, whereas Typica cultivar comprised three individuals. PCR amplification was carried out using 12 SSR primers. Four primers (M24, SSRCa052, M32, and M42) produced polymorphic band. The binary data obtained in this research was subsequently processed using NTSYS-PC program version 2.1. The genotypes were grouped  based on a genetic similarity matrix using the unweighted pair group method arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The result showed the existence of genetic variation among individual of AGK-1 cultivars, which forming three clusters at the genetic similarity value of 67%. One cluster exhibited close genetic relationships between some individuals within the population of AGK-1 cultivar and Typica cultivar. Meanwhile, the other two clusters showed high genetic similarity between AGK-1 cultivar and ABP-1 cultivar. The result demonstrated the possibility of gene flow between genotypes or residual heterozygosity within the population of  AGK-1 cultivar at farmers field, which required a further study.
Entrenamiento, capacitación y financiamiento con crecimiento sostenido en las pequeñas empresas del sector industrial en San Luis Potosí
Authors: Martínez Rojas Mario Alberto , Palos Cerda Gloria Cristina , Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

Un obstáculo para el crecimiento de las empresas es la incapacidad de resolver en tiempo los problemas a los que están expuestas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre el nivel de financiamiento, la capacitación, el entrenamiento por parte del empresario y el crecimiento sostenido de las pequeñas empresas industriales en San Luis Potosí (México). Lo concluido muestra que existe una relación entre la variable de la experiencia laboral como un factor determinante en el crecimiento sostenido. Esta investigación es solo una tendencia hacia la realidad del comportamiento de las empresas que conforman la muestra del sector industrial por la forma en que fueron seleccionadas las empresas de la muestra.
Evaluation of Nitrogen‐Loss Prevention Amendments in Maize and Wheat in North Carolina
Authors: Rajkovich Shelby , Osmond Deanna , Weisz Randy , Crozier Carl , Israel Daniel , Austin Robert
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Fertilizer additives to decrease N losses did not provide consistent yield advantages.

Plots treated with N‐loss products did not increase N use efficiency or N uptake.

Agronomic optimum N rates observed in the field aligned with North Carolina recommendations.

To reduce environmental losses of N and increase crop use, it is critical to optimize N fertilization rates and determine if N‐loss prevention amendments increase yields. Research objectives were to: (i) determine N‐release patterns of three N‐loss amendments (urea ammonium nitrate [UAN] treated with NBPT+DCD, nitrapyrin, or an organo‐Ca) and UAN through a laboratory incubation; (ii) determine effectiveness of these four products for maize (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produced in two to three regions of North Carolina; and (iii) determine agronomic optimum N rate for wheat and corn compared to state‐recommended rates. Nitrogen release was measured in three soils (coastal plain, piedmont, and mountains) during the incubation experiment. Field experiments were randomized complete block designs (four replications of six maize N rates and five wheat N rates), with each rate applied as one of four product treatments (UAN and UAN+ one of three N‐loss prevention amendments). In the incubation experiment, soils treated with UAN+nitrapyrin or UAN+NBPT+DCD delayed nitrification longer than soils treated with UAN or UAN+organo‐Ca. There was no significant effect of product on maize grain yield (coastal plain and mountains) and wheat yield (coastal plain and piedmont). A year × product interaction occurred for maize grain yield in the piedmont. Agronomic optimum N rates mostly aligned with current North Carolina N fertilizer recommendations. Despite positive laboratory results, N‐loss amendments did not have a significant effect on yield in 9 of 10 site‐years, indicating that proper N rates are a more effective nutrient management strategy.
Incorporation of Pre‐Treated Straw Improves Soil Aggregate Stability and Increases Crop Productivity
Authors: Yu K. , Dong Q. G. , Chen H. X. , Feng H. , Zhao Y. , Si B. C. , Li Y. , Hopkins D. W.
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

The ammoniated straw application improved soil structural stability.

The ammoniated straw application increased the yield and water use efficiency, regardless of maize or wheat.

The ammoniated straw incorporation is better for the short straw than for the long one, and net income with the ammoniated and short straw incorporation was the highest.

Crop straws usually have high lignin and cellulose contents and decompose slowly when returned to the soil, which is not always conducive to crop growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of short and ammoniated straw application on soil properties, crop yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in a summer maize (Zea maysL.)–winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation system on the Loess Plateau, China. There were four treatments: long straw (ca. 50 mm) mulching (S+M), long straw (ca. 50 mm) plowed into the soil (S+P), ammoniated long straw (ca. 50 mm) plowed into the soil (A+S+P), and ammoniated short straw (ca. <1 mm) plowed into the soil (A+PS+P). The A+S+P and A+PS+P treatments had lower soil organic carbon (SOC) contents and higher total nitrogen (TN) contents, thereby resulting in lower soil C/N ratios than those of the S+M and S+P after 3‐yr study. Furthermore, the A+S+P and A+PS+P treatments improved soil structural stability, as indicated by the large amount of water stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) present. The mean maize and wheat yield in the A+PS+P treatment were statistically significantly higher than those in the S+M (3.5 and 9.5%, respectively) and S+P (4.3 and 7.3%, respectively) treatments. Net income with A+PS+P was the highest and increased by US$257, 212, and 40 ha−1, respectively, compared with S+M, S+P and A+S+P. We suggest that ammoniated and short straw application is an effective method for improving the soil properties and increasing crop productivity.
Deficit Irrigation and Fertility Effects on NO3–N Exports from St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Fontanier Charles H. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline A. , Wherley Benjamin G. , White Richard H. , Thomas James C. , Dwyer Phil
Published: July 2017

Proper management of turfgrass systems is critical for reducing the risk of nutrient loss and protecting urban surface waters. In the southern United States, irrigation can be the most significant management practice regulating the biogeochemical and hydrological cycles of turfgrass systems. A turfgrass runoff research facility was used to assess the effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer applications on turfgrass canopy cover and nitrate‐N (NO3–N) exports in runoff from St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf over a 2‐yr period. Treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design having eight combinations of irrigation (100, 75, or 50% of estimated turfgrass water requirements) and fertility level (0, 88, and 176 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Runoff from 31 rainfall events and one irrigation excess event were used to estimate annual and seasonal NO3–N exports. The majority of annual NO3–N exports occurred during the late winter and spring. Deficit irrigation reduced summer and early autumn runoff volumes. Lower summer and autumn runoff volumes (from deficit irrigation) coincided with reduced NO3–N exports from runoff during Year 1. Deficit irrigation combined with fertilizer applications increased runoff [NO3–N] in Year 2, suggesting that the previous year's export reduction contributed to higher N accumulation in the system and thus a higher N loss potential. These findings suggest that deficit irrigation can be a tool for reducing seasonal nutrient exports from St. Augustinegrass lawns so long as fertilizer inputs are moderate.

Core Ideas

Deficit irrigation practices reduce seasonal nitrate‐N exports from turf.

Turfgrass systems accumulate N more efficiently under deficit irrigation programs.

Deficit irrigation with high N fertility can increase N loss from turf systems.
Kelsen e sua crítica ao Direito Natural
Authors: Pessoa Filho Claudio de Carvalho Rocha
Published: July 2017

Hans Kelsen apresenta suas teorias acerca do Direito Positivo em detrimento ao Direito Natural tendo em vista a necessidade de um estudo científico e puro do Direito desentranhado-o de uma valoração moral pré-determinada. O presente artigo buscou, através de técnicas de pesquisa teórica, entender como e em que Kelsen baseia essa sua crítica ao Direito Natural. Ele afasta o estudo valorativo da norma para os campos da Psicologia, Filosofia e Sociologia, e aproxima o Direito do campo das Ciências Exatas. Logo, Kelsen busca de forma técnica e prática entender a origem da norma, de sua valoração, de sua validade e da Justiça.
Avaliação de atividades de risco na usina de tratamento de resíduos sólidos do Município de Manhumirim, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Fonseca Ronald Assis , Rodrigues Kleber Ramon , Charmelo Leopoldo Concepción Loreto , Loreto Alessandro Saraiva , Vieira Athos Alves
Published: July 2017

As questões ambientais vêm sendo destaque em todo mundo, não simplesmente por que o homem passou a respeitar a natureza, mas sim, porque os efeitos estão cada vez maiores e mais catastróficos. As ações antrópicas são as principais causas de degradação ambiental refletindo no consumo excessivo de recursos naturais e nos diversos tipos de poluição. É notório que o ser humano é extremamente consumista e despeja o seu resíduo sólido no ambiente em que vive. Neste contexto, os aterros sanitários, áreas que acumulam grandes quantidades de resíduos, representam uma alternativa. Entretanto, esses nem sempre recebem o tratamento adequado. O presente trabalho vai mostrar as consequências da implantação e operação da Usina de Tratamento de Resíduos Sólidos São Francisco de Assis, no Município de Manhumirim, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, e busca apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas dentro da usina que por sua vez causam impactos significativos para o meio ambiente, principalmente na circunvizinhança; e propor medidas que buscam solucionar tais problemas. Sendo assim, a usina terá seu funcionamento de forma mais adequada, seguindo a legislação correta, garantindo a qualidade ambiental e a saúde dos trabalhadores em cada atividade desenvolvida e controlando ou minimizando os impactos ambientais.
Alteração da composição da paisagem na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), por meio da análise de imagens de satélite
Authors: Felix Francival Cardoso , Costa Malcon do Prado
Published: July 2017

As unidades de conservação no Brasil estão susceptíveis a atividades potencialmente degradadoras, devido principalmente a ineficiência de policiamento do Estado e falta de conscientização social, por isso, faz-se necessário acompanhar alterações da composição da paisagem dos espaços protegidos como ferramenta de fiscalização pela sociedade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações na composição da paisagem na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de análise de imagens de satélite. Para tal, obteve-se imagens de satélite do programa Google Earth Pro, em que se fez a análise e processamento das imagens, no período equivalente a 15 anos, avaliando-se aspectos espaciais relacionados a urbanização e degradação da vegetação nativa. As imagens de satélite evidenciaram alteração da composição da paisagem na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu, principalmente relacionadas ao aumento da urbanização, supressão vegetal e movimentação das dunas, causado principalmente pela pressão antrópica e processo de gentrificação. Além disso, o programa empregado pode ser utilizado como alternativa pela sociedade civil no acompanhamento de várias alterações paisagísticas de interesse social, atuando no auxílio da fiscalização de atividades degradadoras e potencialmente impactantes.
Área legalmente protegida sob conflito: o caso da Reserva de Vida Silvestre Tatu-Bola, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Lacerda Aldenice Correia , Albuquerque Janaina Vital de , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano
Published: July 2017

A criação áreas de proteção é uma das mais eficazes medidas mitigadoras dos problemas ambientais no planeta, porém a criação de unidades de conservação deve seguir os aspectos legais cabíveis em todo o processo de implantação, com a perspectiva de uma gestão equilibrada e a não geração conflitos. A criação da Reserva de Vida Silvestre (RVS) Tatu-Bola (Tolypeutes tricinctus), localizada na Região Semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, ocorreu em curto prazo, deflagrando conflitos socioambientais com os atores envolvidos (órgãos públicos, pesquisadores e comunidades), resultando na solicitação de recategorização da unidade de conservação, pela Secretaria do Meio Ambiente de Pernambuco à Assembleia Legislativa. Essa unidade, antes atendia à categoria de proteção integral, após a recategorização, passará a ser uma unidade de uso sustentável. Os conflitos originaram-se a partir de divergências, sobreposição de áreas e de insuficiência de informação dos órgãos públicos junto às comunidades em torno da reserva. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as informações relacionadas aos conflitos existentes na RVS e discutir a questão legal atual sobre recategorização, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e discussões sobre a problemática, concluindo que, com a integração dos diversos gestores públicos envolvidos com a questão ambiental, é possível dar continuidade à conservação da biodiversidade da área interagindo com as comunidades envolvidas no contexto.
ISLEC: An Interactive Learning Scenario Framework
Authors: Papadimitriou Alexandros G.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an innovative interactive scenario framework called ISLEC for the learning of electrical circuits by high school students or beginners of higher education. This framework aims to develop investigative, critical, creative, and decision making skills by trainees, as well as aims to tackling and resolving misunderstandings and learning difficulties.During of each section of ISLEC, the student teams through inquiry-based simulations discover electrical principles by comparing a known to an unknown electric circuit for similarities and differences, and make and verify predictions. Making use of the inductive reasoning, they come to conclusions and generalizations. The ISLEC was evaluated by students of civil engineering of the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education of Athens and, except other things, it was considered by them as useful and usable.Â
Random adjustment - based Chaotic Metaheuristic algorithms for image contrast enhancement
Authors: Ayumi Vina , Rere L.M. Rasdi , Fanany Mohamad Ivan , Arymurthy Aniati Murni
Published: July 2017

Metaheuristic algorithm is a powerful optimization method, in which it can solve problemsby exploring the ordinarily large solution search space of these instances, that are believed tobe hard in general. However, the performances of these algorithms signicantly depend onthe setting of their parameter, while is not easy to set them accurately as well as completelyrelying on the problem's characteristic. To ne-tune the parameters automatically, manymethods have been proposed to address this challenge, including fuzzy logic, chaos, randomadjustment and others. All of these methods for many years have been developed indepen-dently for automatic setting of metaheuristic parameters, and integration of two or more ofthese methods has not yet much conducted. Thus, a method that provides advantage fromcombining chaos and random adjustment is proposed. Some popular metaheuristic algo-rithms are used to test the performance of the proposed method, i.e. simulated annealing,particle swarm optimization, dierential evolution, and harmony search. As a case study ofthis research is contrast enhancement for images of Cameraman, Lena, Boat and Rice. Ingeneral, the simulation results show that the proposed methods are better than the originalmetaheuristic, chaotic metaheuristic, and metaheuristic by random adjustment.
PSNR BASED OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION ON A MULTI-CORE SYSTEM
Authors: Agnimarimuthu Bharathi Lakshmi , Daniel Durairaj Christopher Durairaj
Published: July 2017

The present work attempts to reveal a parallel Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (pART) to reduce the computational speed of reconstructing artifact-free images from projections. ART is an iterative algorithm well known to reconstruct artifact-free images with limited number of projections. In this work, a novel idea has been focused on to optimize the number of iterations mandatory based on Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) to reconstruct an image. However, it suffers of worst computation speed. Hence, an attempt is made to reduce the computation time by running iterative algorithm on a multi-core parallel environment. The execution times are computed for both serial and parallel implementations of ART using different projection data, and, tabulated for comparison. The experimental results demonstrate that the parallel computing environment provides a source of high computational power leading to obtain reconstructed image instantaneously.
A GOAL QUESTION METRIC (GQM) APPROACH FOR EVALUATING INTERACTION DESIGN PATTERNS IN DRAWING GAMES FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Kusumo Dana Sulistiyo , Sabariah Mira Kania , Wiharja Kemas Rahmat Saleh
Published: July 2017

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest to use smart devices’ drawing games for educational benefit. In Indonesia, our government classifies children age four to six years old as preschool children. Not all preschool children can use drawing games easily. Further, drawing games may not fulfill all Indonesia's preschool children’s drawing competencies. This research proposes to use Goal-Question Metric (GQM) to investigate and evaluate interaction design patterns of preschool children in order to achieve the drawing competencies for preschool children in two drawing Android-based games: Belajar Menggambar (in English: Learn to Draw) and Coret: Belajar Menggambar (in English: Scratch: Learn to Draw). We collected data from nine students of a preschool children education in a user research. The results show that GQM can assist to evaluate interaction design patterns in achieving the drawing competencies. Our approach can also yield interaction design patterns by comparing interaction design patterns in two drawing games used.
Sparse Coding-Based Method Comparison For Land-Use Classification
Authors: Sri Arsa Dewa Made , Jati Grafika , Hilman M H
Published: July 2017

Land-use classification utilize  high-resolution remote sensing image. The image is utilized for improving the classification problem. Nonetheless, in other side, the problem becomes more challenging cause the image is too complex. We have to represent the image appropriately. On of the common method to deal with it is Bag of Visual Word (BOVW).  The method needs  a coding process to get the final data interpretation. There are many methods to do coding such as Hard Quantization Coding (HQ), Sparse Coding (SC), and Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LCC). However, that coding methods use a different assumption. Therefore, we have to compare the result of each coding method. The coding method affects classification accuracy. The best coding method will produce the better classification result. Dataset UC Merced consisted 21 classes is used in this research. The experiment result shows that LCC got better performance / accuracy than SC and HQ. LCC method got 86.48 % accuracy. Furthermore, LCC also got the best performance on various number of training data for each class.
Allosteric Targeting of Aurora A Kinase Using Small Molecules: A Step Forward Towards Next Generation Medicines?
Authors: Panicker Resmi C. , Coyne Anthony G. , Srinivasan Rajavel
Published: July 2017

Background:

Aurora A (AurA) kinase is a key mitotic protein implicated in cancer. Several
small molecule inhibitors targeting the ATP binding site of this enzyme are in various stages of clinical
development. However, these inhibitors can result in selectivity and drug resistance problems. Allosteric
inhibition of kinases using small molecules is an alternative strategy to target these enzymes selectively
and these could serve as the seeds for next generation medicines. This review discusses the
developments in the non-ATP site binding small molecule inhibitors of AurA and their prospect as
future therapeutics.

Discussion:

Allosteric targeting of AurA kinase using small molecules is relatively a new strategy, and
only a handful of research work has been reported. Two patents and three papers pertaining to allosteric
targeting of AurA kinase using small molecules were covered in this review. Topics discussed
include, identification of small molecule inhibitors targeting AurA- Targeting Protein for Xenopus
kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) interaction, anacardic acid - a natural product ligand that selectively
modulates AurA activity in the presence of Aurora B kinase, and identification of felodipine as an uncompetitive
inhibitor of AurA using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) technique

Conclusion:

Allosteric targeting of therapeutically relevant enzymes using small molecules is a burgeoning
research area. New techniques such as fragment-based ligand discovery, SERS methods, etc.,
are expanding to identify the allosteric site binding ligands. Research in this area is expected to deliver
fruitful outcome in terms of novel therapeutics against AurA kinase as well as other therapeutically
relevant enzymes.
KARAKTERISTIK SAPI MADURA BETINA BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI KECAMATAN GALIS DAN KADUR KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Pradana Angga Putra , Busono Woro , Maylinda Sucik
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik sapi Madura betina yang dipelihara di ketinggian tempat yang berbeda di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sapi Madura betina umur kurang dari 1 sampai 1,5 tahun sebanyak 12 ekor pada dataran rendah, 21 ekor pada dataran tinggi dan sapi Madura betina umur lebih dari 1,5 sampai 2 tahun sebanyak 28 ekor pada dataran rendah, 19 ekor pada dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi Madura betina pada umur dan ketinggian tempat yang berbeda memiliki sifat kualitatif yang sama yakni warna dominan tubuh merah kecoklatan, memiliki tanduk, memiliki warna putih pada kaki, memiliki garis punggung, serta memiliki warna hitam di bagian bawah telinga dan ujung ekor berwarna hitam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian rataan lingkar dada di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi yaitu 141,1Â±7,8 cm dibanding dengan rataan lingkar dada di dataran rendah yakni 133,6Â±10,4 cm. Rataan panjang badan di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi yaitu 116,7Â±7,1 cm dibanding dengan rataan panjang badan di dataran rendah yakni 111,1Â±6,6 cm. Rataan tinggi badan di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi yaitu 114,0Â±3,8 cm dibanding dengan rataan tinggi badan di dataran rendah yakni 112,1Â±5,4 cm. Rataan bobot badan di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi yaitu 212,8Â±26,8 kg dibanding dengan rataan bobot badan di dataran rendah yakni 154,0Â±36,8 kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu rektal di dataran tinggi lebih rendah yaitu 37,9Â±0,6oC dibanding dengan rataan suhu rektal di dataran rendah yakni 38,0Â±0,5oC. Rataan frekuensi pernapasan di dataran tinggi lebih rendah yaitu 28,7Â±2,8/menit dibanding dengan rataan frekuensi pernapasan di dataran rendah yakni 30,7Â±1,89/menit. Rataan HTC di dataran tinggi lebih rendah yaitu 2,2Â±0,1 dibanding dengan rataan HTC di dataran rendah yakni 2,3Â±0,1.Kata Kunci: HTC, sapi Madura betina, statistik vital.
A forensic study of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in niger delta region of nigeria
Authors: O Uchendu J , A Ijomone E , N Nwachokor F
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The study is aimed at assessing the profile of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in Niger Delta region.

Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study of all homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths examined forensically at theCentral hospital mortuary, Warri from January 2003 to December 2016.

Results: Unatural death accounted for 802( 82.5% ) of all medicolegal cases examined within the study period. Homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths accounted for 541(67.5%),(247) 29.7% and 14(1.1%)respectively of the unnatural deaths. A total of 713(88.9%) males and  89(11.1%)  females were encountered , giving a male-female ratio(MFR)of  8:1. The mean age of the victims is 32.7 years with the peak occurring in the 3rd decade.The most commonly used  weapon for homicidal death is firearms, accounting for 374(69.1%)  of cases. Accidental death result mainly from RTA, drowning, burns and electrocution whichrespectivelyaccounted  for 142(57.5%) 34(13.8%)26(10.5%)  and 19(7.7%) of the cases; and with a MFR of 6:1.

14 cases of suicides were encountered during the study involving 11 males and 3 females,  giving a MFR of 7:2.

Conclusion: The causes of unnatural death are mainly preventable.The resultant premature death, affecting mainly males of productive age is a great source of concern. There is need for the government, the community and individuals to contribute their quotas in reversing this ugly trend.
Audit of medico legal death in metropolitan city of Warri, Nigeria.
Authors: O Uchendu J , F Nwachokor N , E Ijomone A
Published: July 2017

Aim: To describe the various medico legal autopsy cases with respect to sex, age, cause and manner of death.

Material and Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of  972 medico-legal autopsy cases studied in Warri Metropolis from 1st Jan. 2003 to 31th December 2016. The relevant information was extracted and subsequently   analyzed statistically using SPSS version 22.

Results: A total of 972 cases of medico legal autopsies of 843 males against 129 females were studied. Their ages of victims ranged from 0.4 years to 85 years, with a mean of   34.45 years and a peak age group in their 3rd decade. Homicidal, accidental, sudden natural, suicidal, and indeterminate cases accounted for 55.7% (541), 24.7% (240), 17.3% (168), 1.4% (14) and 0.9% (9) of the cases respectively. Firearm injuries, sharp weapon and blunt injuries, accounting for 374 (69.1%), 122(22.6%)  and 37(6.8%) of homicide cases. Road traffic accident, drowning,  burns injury and electrocution accounted for  119(49.6%), 34(14.2%), 26(10.8%) and 19(7.9%)  of accidental cases respectively. Cardiovascular, Central nervous system-related and infectious diseases are responsible for 79(47.0%), 21(12.5%) and 15(8.9%) of sudden natural deaths observed in this study.  Hanging and corrossive chemical ingestion accounted for 10(71.4%) and 4(28.6%) respectively of the suicide cases, and together representing a MFR of   3.7:1.

Conclusion: Our study showed that firearm injuries, road traffic accident and sharp weapons injuries are the leading cause of unnatural death while cardiovascular diseases account for most cases of sudden natural deaths