bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hungry for change: the food banking industry in Australia
Authors: Booth Sue , Whelan Jillian
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– Over the last 20 years, food banks in Australia have expanded nationwide and are a well-organised “industry” operating as a third tier of the emergency food relief system. The purpose of this paper is to overview the expansion and operation of food banks as an additional self-perpetuating “tier” in the response to hunger.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper draws on secondary data sourced from the internet; as well as information provided by Foodbank Australia and Food Bank South Australia (known as Food Bank SA) to outline the history, development and operation of food banks. Food banking is then critically analysed by examining the nature and framing of the social problems and policies that food banking seeks to address. This critique challenges the dominant intellectual paradigm that focuses on solving problems; rather it questions how problem representation may imply certain understandings.

Findings

– The issue of food banks is framed as one of food re-distribution and feeding hungry people; however, the paper argue that “the problem” underpinning the food bank industry is one of maintaining food system efficiency. Food banks continue as a neo-liberal mechanism to deflect query, debate and structural action on food poverty and hunger. Consequently their existence does little to ameliorate the problem of food poverty.

Practical implications

– New approaches and partnerships with stakeholders remain key challenges for food banks to work more effectively to address food poverty.

Social implications

– While the food bank industry remains the dominant solution to food poverty in Australia, debate will be deflected from the underlying structural causes of hunger.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to the limited academic literature and minimal critique of the food bank industry in Australia. It proposes that the rapid expansion of food banks is a salient marker of government and policy failure to address food poverty.
Market chain insights created by empirical modelling of inputs to the UK nut market
Authors: L. McNeil David
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to characterise across all nuts UK market imports and determine the relative importance of an overall price/quantity relationship to the importance of specific relationships for individual nuts.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using log price/demand monthly and annual import data elasticities were determined across the total UK nut market and for individual species. These were compared to an empirical model to develop an understanding of the market. Data were principally from FAOSTAT and HMRC databases.

Findings

– The UK imports are 5 per cent of the global nut trade, predominantly shelled with little internal production. Across ten species and 12 years price/demand regression models (1999-2010) were significant (R2=0.75) with an elasticity of −2.06 (less import of higher cost nuts). Consistent model deviations were found for some nuts indicating non price demand effects. Macadamias were imported at 23 per cent of expectation relative to their price point. Monthly (2007-2010) and annual (1999-2010) elasticities were compared for individual nuts. Pistachio and cashew showed “normal” negative elasticities (−1.5 to −1.0) for both time scales. However, walnuts had negative (−2.2) elasticity using monthly data but positive (+1.0) using annual data.

Research limitations/implications

– These data suggest detailed analyses of the individual nut supply demand market and consumer preferences are needed to explain different market behaviour over time and among nut species.

Practical implications

– Nut importers and producers may be able to use this data to better develop value for their product in consumer eyes and hence provide an improved value chain.

Originality/value

– This paper demonstrates how a broad empirical elasticity modelling approach to an agrifood market may increase the understanding of market needs.
The mediating role of psychological needs in the relation between qualitative job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior
Authors: Van den Broeck Anja , Sulea Coralia , Vander Elst Tinne , Fischmann Gabriel , Iliescu Dragos , De Witte Hans
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the qualitative job insecurity, i.e. the insecurity about the continuity of valued job aspects in future. Specifically, the paper examines whether qualitative job insecurity is related to counterproductive work behavior (CWB), both directed to the organization (i.e. CWB-O) and other individuals at work (i.e. CWB-I), and whether frustration of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, belongingness and competence, as defined in self-determination theory, may account for these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

– The hypothesis were examined using structural equation modeling in heterogeneous sample of Romanian employees.

Findings

– Results support the hypotheses showing that feeling insecure about one's valued job aspects associates with high levels of need frustration and, therefore, also with both CWB-O and CWB-I. While each of the accounted for the associations of qualitative insecurity and CWB-O, only frustration of the need for autonomy explained its detrimental association with CWB-I.

Originality/value

– This study is innovative, as it integrates and extends three different fields and has high practical relevance. The authors detail qualitative job insecurity, an increasing, but understudied job stressor. The authors extend research on the antecedents of CWB by focussing on environmental factors. The authors develop need satisfaction, as integrative theoretical underlying mechanism.
Clinical governance, corporate social responsibility, health service quality, and brand equity
Authors: Trong Tuan Luu
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– Brand equity of hospitals is built on patient care service quality. Through the testing of the hypotheses on the relationships between brand equity and its precursors, the purpose of this paper is to examine if clinical governance effectiveness is driven by corporate social responsibility (CSR), and if clinical governance effectiveness influences patient care service quality which in turn influences brand equity.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 417 responses in completed form returned from self-administered structured questionnaires relayed to 835 clinical staff members underwent the structural equation modeling-based analysis.

Findings

– CSR, as the data divulges, is a strong predictor of clinical governance effectiveness which yields high patient care quality and brand equity of the hospital.

Originality/value

– The expedition to test research hypotheses constructed layer by layer of CSR-based model of hospital brand equity in which high levels of CSR among clinical members in the hospital activates clinical governance mechanism, without which, initiatives to improve patient care service quality may not be successfully implemented to augment brand equity of Vietnam-based hospitals.
Freedom of choice requires availability of choice options
Authors: Birnbaum David
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe divergent recent developments in provision of reproductive health services to North Americans.

Design/methodology/approach

– Narrative review.

Findings

– Two North American countries with very different histories present similar governance challenges today. The challenge is to provide all women with the full range of reproductive health options to which they are legally entitled now. In Canada, those contraception and abortion options are covered under the medical service plan insurance but not always available in convenient locations. In USA, those options are not uniformly covered under health insurance plans due to statutory limitations. In Canada, where federal law limiting abortion was struck down as unconstitutional, the leader of one of its three major federal political parties sees the way forward being to limit his party to pro-choice candidates. In USA, where new laws limiting abortion have been introduced at an unprecedented rate, the judiciary is being asked to define the way forward.

Originality/value

– Clinical governance needs to balance the moral beliefs of individual providers against the rights of patients to have their lawful choices available within reasonable convenience. Progress has been made but needs are still not adequately met, in these North American examples.
An inspector calls
Authors: Harrop Nick , Gillies Alan
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to summarise key concepts within clinical governance by reference to literature, and to present the topic of statutory clinical governance inspections of hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

– Conceptual paper in form of extended editorial; rapid, non-systematic review of basic clinical governance literature from UK, Republic of Ireland and Australia.

Findings

– The Mid-Staffordshire Hospitals report (Francis, 2013) is evidence that, more than 15 years after its inception, clinical governance in the UK has not yet fulfilled its mission. This report has stimulated the subjection of all NHS provider institutions to a statutory inspection regime. Two different yet complementary, authoritative perspectives on clinical governance are identified and discussed. Whilst the inspection regimes methodology is under review, the object of inspection is not. The object of inspection could usefully be broadened to bring the arms length planning and funding bodies associated with provision under closer scrutiny for their obligation to engage constructively and collaboratively with providers in difficulty.

Research limitations/implications

– A more extensive, systematic study of international literature will provide a foundation for international comparison studies which will enable participants in clinical governance to learn from each other.

Practical implications

– The information contained in this brief review will assist practices of governance inspection and local self-governance.

Originality/value

– Other studies (e.g. Brennan and Flynn 2013) have garnered definitions of clinical governance from other health systems, which tend to emphasise accountability as the key concept. Inspired by Halligan (2006), the present contribution stresses leadership and empowerment alongside accountability (in the sense of enabling “every clinical team to put quality at the heart of their moment-to moment care of patients”. It implies that accountability to “create an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish” should lie not only with individual clinical departments and healthcare provider institutions but also with funding and planning bodies such as the Clinical Commissioning Groups, recently introduced in the UK. The latter are not subject to the same inspection regime as providers but could usefully be made more accountable to engage constructively and collaboratively with providers in difficulty (Colin-Thomé, 2013).
A second order s-to-z transform and its implementation to IIR filter design
Authors: Mirković Dejan , Petković Predrag , Litovski Vančo
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to design a tool for IIR digital filters obtained from analog prototypes, which preserves simultaneously the amplitude and the group delay response.

Design/methodology/approach

– A new s-to-z transform is developed based on a second order formula used for numerical integration of differential equations. Stability of the newly obtained transfer functions in the z-domain is proved to be preserved. Distortions introduced by the new transform into the original amplitude and group delay responses are studied.

Findings

– The new formula, when implemented to all-pole prototypes, exhibits lower selectivity than the original while reducing the pass-band group delay distortions. In the same time its structure is importantly simpler than the functions obtained by the well-known bilinear transform. When implemented to a prototype having “all kinds” of transmission zeros the resulting filter has almost ideally the same characteristic as the prototype.

Research limitations/implications

– The new transform may be used exclusively to synthesize even order filters. The new function is twice the order of the analog prototype. This kind of transformations are used to design IIR digital filters only. Low-pass transfer functions were studied being prototypes for all other cases.

Originality/value

– This is a new result never mentioned in the literature. Its effectiveness is confined to a niche problem when simultaneous sharp selectivity and low group delay distortions are sought.
Torque ripple and magnetic forces on teeth in IPM machines
Authors: Wang K. , Zhu Z.Q. , Ombach G. , Chlebosz W.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate torque ripple and magnetic force on the teeth in interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines over a wide range of speed operation for electrical power steering (EPS) applications.

Design/methodology/approach

– The flux-weakening capability of IPM machines has been analysed by finite element method considering the effect of cross-coupling between d- and q-axis current. The traditional method of analysing torque ripple is based on constant torque and flux-weakening region. However, the cross-coupling need to be considered when applying this technique to flux-weakening region. Meanwhile, the torque ripple with current amplitude and angle and with different speed in the flux-weakening region is also investigated. In addition, the magnetic force on the teeth due to the separated teeth with stator yoke is also investigated during the constant torque and flux-weakening region.

Findings

– The torque ripple and magnetic force on teeth in IPM machine are dependent on current and current angle. Both the lowest torque ripple and magnetic force on teeth exist over the whole torque-speed region.

Research limitations/implications

– The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple and magnetic force on teeth are not considered in this application. The 12-slot/10-pole IPM machine has been employed in this analysis, but this work can be continued to investigate different slot/pole number combinations.

Originality/value

– This paper has analysed the torque ripple and magnetic force on the teeth in IPM machines for EPS application over a wide range of operation speed, which are the main cause of vibration and acoustic noise. The variation of torque ripple with current amplitude and angle as well as speed in the flux-weakening region is also investigated. In addition, the magnetic force on the teeth is also investigated over the whole torque-speed region.
Self-sustained all-electric wave energy converter system
Authors: Sjolte Jonas , Tjensvoll Gaute , Molinas Marta
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and function of Fred. Olsen's wave energy converter (WEC) system Lifesaver with special focus on the stand-alone electrical system that is implemented for operation without grid-connection.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper focus on the detailed design of the DC-Link system that drives the industrial 400 VAC inverters and generators for the production system. The DC-Link is stabilized by an ultra capacitor bank and has no external source or grid-connection.

Findings

– The system has been tested through extensive sea trials since April 2012 and has proved its function. Some results from real sea testing are presented.

Practical implications

– This paper proves the viability of the specified design and may serve as a basis for the design if similar systems in the future.

Originality/value

– This paper presents a WEC system that has proven successful operation through practical tests, and is therefore regarded as a high-value paper as there is limited experience on this subject.
Reconsidering the role of drugs in Spanish prisons: a preliminary ethnographic reflection
Authors: Briggs Daniel , Ramiro Pérez Suárez Jorge
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The authors thought of the idea for this exploratory paper forDrugs and Alcohol Todayafter visiting a local prison on the outskirts of Madrid from which these field notes are taken. The authors have also had informal conversations with the contacts working in the Spanish Prison service. When the authors looked at some of the literature around the relationships between drugs and prisons in Spain, the authors found lots of statistics, and material which either said there were lots of drugs in prison or literature which presented over-medicalised processes of drug treatment. In short, the authors found few studies which could bring to life the kind of problems drugs bring to the prison and how the dynamics of the prison are not only directly impacted by drug use but also as drug dealing/trafficking. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– What the authors offer is only really to draw your attention to the issue. The authors have no real methodology to reflect on other than one of us is an experienced participant observer and the other is a lawyer and criminologist who has worked with numerous clients processed for drug offences in and around prisons in Madrid. Between us, we have undertaken six visits to Madrileñas prisons.

Findings

– In this explorative paper the authors want to do three things. First, draw attention to the extent of problem of drugs in prison in Spain. Second, the authors want to suggest that the role drugs needs reconsideration as it plays a pivotal role in the functioning of the prison. Lastly, the authors push for more research into this issue which goes beyond conventional surveys and unnecessary complex regression analyses and instead takes a qualitative approach using observational data and informal conversations to explore these dynamics in more detail.

Originality/value

– First, that there is an urgent need to go beyond these official statistics and explore in some nuanced detail about the prison experience in Spain. The existing research is limiting in that it talks tiresomely about the numbers incarcerated and fails to admit the significance of drugs not only as a motivating factor for incarceration but also the role drugs play in the prison environment. The authors need to consider as much the changing demography of Spanish prisons – for example more immigrants, different drugs, etc. – as the everyday experience of drugs, debt, disagreements and violence and how they intersect as a lived experience rather than consider them as separate issues of analysis, dormant from the interconnectedness of the micro-interactions of the prison environment and the respective institutional power structures. The key to this debate, and the general messages of this paper, is to realize a study which can explore the nuances of the role and function of drugs play in Spanish prisons.
Effectiveness of a nurse led hospital in-reach team and assertive follow-up of frequent attenders with alcohol misuse complications – a retrospective mirror image evaluation
Authors: Nazari Jamshid , Raistrick Duncan
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– Physical comorbidities of alcohol misuse are common and result in frequent attendance to hospitals with estimated £3.5bn annual cost to the NHS in England. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the hospital in-reach team of the Leeds Addiction Unit (LAU) in reducing hospital service utilization in people with alcohol dependence.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a retrospective cohort study, with a mirror-image design. The authors included all patients who had wholly alcohol attributable admission(s) to Leeds Teaching NHS Hospitals Trust (LTHT) during a four-month period between January and April 2013 and received treatment from LAU. The primary outcome measures were changes in A and E attendance (A&E) attendances, number of hospital admissions and days spent in hospital between the three months before and after the LAU intervention.

Findings

– During the four-month period, there were 1,711 wholly alcohol attributable admissions related to 1,145 patients. LAU saw 265 patients out of them 49 who had wholly alcohol attributable admissions engaged in treatment with LAU. Of those who engaged 33 (67.3 per cent) had fewer A&E attendances, 34 (69.4 per cent) had fewer admissions and 39 (80 per cent) spent fewer days in hospital in the three months after compared to three months before. There was a significant reduction in total number of hospital admissions (78 vs 41, mean=1.56 vs 0.82,p<0.001) and days spent in hospital (490 vs 146, mean=9.8 vs 2.92,p<0.001).

Originality/value

– This mirror-image study suggests that an alcohol hospital in-reach team could be effective in reducing acute hospital service utilization by engaging with the frequent attenders with alcohol misuse complications.
THE LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN ECONOMICS
Authors: BRAY JEREMY
Published: November 2014

Keynes' criticisms of Tinbergen's pioneering econometric work are traced back to Keynes' concept of “inductive probability logic”. Induction had already been rejected by Popper as the basis of scientific method. He argued that theories could be corroborated but not proved by the failure of attempts to falsify them by observation and experiment. Economic theory is proto‐theory, which is not fully falsifiable, but which yields falsifiable results if appropriate econometric methods, or a method‐theory is applied to it. A useful method‐theory needs to go beyond description and forecasting to policy optimisation.
Bank finance for property developers
Authors: Wright N.J.
Published: November 2014

Introduction My own bank, in common with several others in the UK, is becoming increasingly involved in the provision of interim finance to developers for the acquisition of land and subsequent construction of commercial and industrial property. The purpose of this paper is to review generally the nature of the banks' involvement, their conception of the risks involved and their lending criteria.
Organised Education and Library Service
Authors: MAIR R.C.T.
Published: November 2014

THE relation of the library to education as it is now organised in our schools is, as you are well aware, difficult of definition either in present practice or in the ideal state of things to which we all more or less actively aspire. To my mind, by far its most important function is the one which is further from being realised at present and the one which is perhaps the least immediate and attainable in our schemes for the future. That function is to create in the home of the child an environment of intellectual interest and awakeness and a background not out of focus with the schoolroom. I think it would be interesting to ask our teacher friends to tell us to what extent they are able, from the responsiveness and acquisitiveness of the child, to gauge the intellectual interest or the want of intellectual concern in the home from which the child has come. I believe that the answer to such a question would conform with what I am sure you, as non‐teachers, would be disposed to anticipate. It would confirm, that is to say, your conviction and mine, that no heavier deadweight can be hung about the teacher's neck than this, that he should feel that he or she is working in an atmosphere alien to the child's mind and outlook. It is fortunately true that the freshness and curiosity and inquisitiveness of the child's mind largely counteract this deadening drawback; but nevertheless it must remain, and manifest itself in many ways. It will shew itself in the general attitude of mind to the work of school and make all the difference between doing the day's work with sympathy and even enthusiasm, rather than reluctantly and, as it were, with averted face. It will shew itself particularly in a want of response to incidental allusions or illustrations outside the immediate range of the lesson in progress: there will be nothing for the teacher to lay hold of in the mind of the child that the classroom has not already supplied.
Books and Bookmen
Authors: IVANHOE
Published: November 2014

THAT British historians will have to be careful and have a care is indicated by the following judgment pronounced by the youngest member of the literary staff of the imposing “New York Herald Tribune.” The subject of review was “A Short History of the British Working Classes,” by a British authority, Mr. G. D. H. Cole, and the reviewer's comment on the book is as follows: “… a serviceable book; perhaps we may say indispensable, until such time as an American social historian addresses himself to the fascinating, though arduous, task of working over the immense mass of material now available for the purpose of furnishing the American student with an authoritative summary of an enthralling subject.” Well, we have learned lately that the definitive work on the Great War is now being projected by an associate professor of a university in the American backwoods, so we are preparing to pull up our socks.
Frank Pacy
Authors: BERWICK SAYERS W.C.
Published: November 2014

A FEW weeks ago Frank Pacy, on receiving an arm‐chair as a farewell gift, said he would take it home, sit in it, and write a book, “Fifty Years as a Librarian.” So I am told; but after that he was not granted fifty days; and as he cared nothing for leisure, and hated the prospect of it, on that score we can congratulate him. Most of us in using phrases to describe an ordinary man do so merely to cover our inability to comprehend such a complexity; but Pacy was not an ordinary man; he was a personality distinct, but multiple, of extraordinary charm, unusual ability, remarkable elusiveness. In writing a note to his memory I am conscious of short‐comings; I was never his intimate; he very frequently disapproved of me, and said so; but I had, like many other men, constant touch with him for over twenty years.
Library Development in the Post‐war Period: a Symposium
Authors: L.R.
Published: November 2014

Readers are aware of the fact that the Council of the Library Association has circulated a pamphlet, outlining its views and proposals regarding post‐war arrangements under library authorities. This pamphlet has been much discussed by committees in many places. With a view to assisting readers to clarify their views on the subject, we arranged for this symposium, the contributors to which represent every sort of library under public authority. We would be pleased to publish further contributions from readers who have views on the subject.
Horace Plunkett
Authors: ADAMS W.G.S.
Published: November 2014

This year marks the centenary of Horace Plunkett. He was born at Sherborne, Gloucestershire, on October 24, 1854. He died at Weybridge, Surrey, on March 26, 1932, and was buried at Byfleet alongside the flying men who were his friends and some of whom had taught him to fly at the ripe age of 75.
Discourse
Authors: J.F.W.B.
Published: November 2014

AT A TIME when tape cassettes are being marketed and promise in time to replace discs as the standard form of sound recording, it may be thought inopportune to write about discs of literature. But the latter are still being issued successfully, and there are good reasons why they should continue to be bought. For one thing, discs do not have to be rewound after each hearing; besides, there must be several hundreds of record players for every tape‐cassette player and rewinder in British homes, although doubtless this position could eventually be reversed. By the time that occurs, however, we shall be in the midst of yet another communications revolution, as teleplayers and videotapes become a commercial proposition.
Food retailing in the USA
Authors: Lambert Geoff
Published: November 2014

Rates of inflation, wages as an operational cost, shrinkage, supermarket closures — all these aspects of the USA grocery scene are discussed in this article and compared with the situation in this country. It is arguable that changes in the American pattern may well be repeated, to a degree, in our own structure.
Canadian Bank Stock Reaction to the Citicorp Loan Loss Announcement of May, 1987
Authors: Cushing Woodrow W.
Published: November 2014

This study examines the price behavior of a sample of Canadian bank stocks surrounding the announcement by Citicorp of a large increase in their provision for loan losses induced by their exposure to debt of lesser developed countries in general and their exposure to Brazilian debt in particular. Both the US and Canadian reactions were positive but the magnitude of the Canadian abnormal returns was higher than the US. Both responses differ from the UK negative reaction. The UK response is attributed to a substantive difference in tax policy.
An Empirical Assessment of Factors Affecting Corporate Debt Levels
Authors: Jahera John S. , Lloyd William P.
Published: November 2014

Despite many efforts to develop a universally accepted theory of capital structure, observed capital structures do not appear to conform to existing theories. The objective of this research is to empirically examine capital structure decisions in terms of the relationship of debt policy with explanatory variables designed to capture the asset structure of each firm, the degree to which each firm is diversified, the agency relationships between management and owners, the level of business risk and the impact of alternative tax shields. The results suggest that the most influential factors are the asset type, the degree of firm diversification and the availability of alternative tax shields.
Industrial Structure, Conduct and Performance: Evidence from Corporate Combinations
Authors: Baird Philip L.
Published: November 2014

In the literature of industrial organization, debate continues on the relationship between industrial structure on the one hand and competitive behavior and performance on the other. This debate is fueled by alternative explanations of the positive relationship between concentration and profitability observed in early research by Bain (1951, 1956) and subsequently by others. The original explanations were based on the view that concentration facilitates collusive behavior, and adherents to the Monopoly Power view naturally attributed the relationship to the existence of monopoly profits in concentrated industries. The counterargument proposed by Demsetz (1973) views concentration as the result of active competition by which firms are motivated to improve efficiency. In the presence of scale economies, larger firms are more efficient and, hence, more profitable than their smaller rivals. Since their larger market shares produce higher concentration, a positive relationship between industry concentration and profitability is observed. In the Efficient Structure (ES) view, concentration reflects intra‐industry efficiency differences; in the Monopoly Power (MP) view, concentration reflects collusive behavior. Importantly, the empirical distinction between these theories and, hence, their empirical validity as competing alternative hypotheses remains unclear.
Further Examination of the Auditing Standards Board's Voting Patterns
Authors: Glover Hubert D. , Wallace Wanda A.
Published: November 2014

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the ASB's voting activities for 45 SASs issued over a 12‐year period. The results support earlier studies by Kinney and others that members' respective firm characteristics are strongly associated with their voting behavior. However, while Kinney posited that structured firms investment in audit methodology resulted in more support for new standards due to lower opportunity costs to adopt a new SAS, this study identifies such firms' greater propensity to vote against SASs. This study supports Kinney's (1986) “political cost” hypothesis regarding ASB members' reluctancy to vote against an SAS. This study also supports the relationship between firm characteristics such as audit structure and ASB member voting patterns. Overall, the results suggest that the ASB provides a democratic forum for large and small firms to equally participate in the standard‐setting process. The diversified membership of the ASB appears to result in no systematic dominant influence, other than potentially by the chair position.
In Brief
Authors: TAIT JAMES A. , STOCKHAM K.A. , GEDDES GEORGE T. , CLARK BERNA C. , OSBORNE ENID M. , J.A.T.
Published: November 2014

MALTBY, ARTHUR. U.K. catalogue use survey. London: Library Association, 1973. 35 p. Library Association research publication, no. 12. £1.25 (£1 to members). This report on the use and non‐use of the catalogue by readers describes the findings of a project carried out largely by the various schools of librarianship in April/May 1971. Two previous pilot studies had been carried out to refine the questionnaire to make it applicable throughout the United Kingdom. Special libraries were reluctantly excluded, but all other types of library were included. The method chosen was that of briefed interviewers and a structured interview, largely because it seemed desirable to catch not only those who use the catalogue, but also those who do not. Of the total of 3,252 interviewed, 1914 (59 per cent) actually used the catalogue; of the 41 per cent who never used the catalogue, the vast majority stated that they could manage without it, while 281 preferred to ask the staff. Probably most of this group went straight to the shelves. From the break‐down by type of library, it would seem that municipal and county libraries hardly need a catalogue at all. There is also the point that if more people had been shown how to use the catalogue, more would use it.
McCULLOCH LTD. v. MOORE
Authors: Waddington Parkerof , Diplock L.J. , Ashworth J.
Published: November 2014

February 28, 1967 Master and servant — Dismissal Redundancy — “Place where the employee was so employed” — Employee living and working in Sussex — Termination of employers' work in Sussex — Notice offering alternative employment elsewhere — Transfer clause in Working Rides Agreement — Employee's refusal of alternative employment — Whether employee “dismissed” — Whether dismissal by reason of redundancy — Whether entitled to redundancy payment — Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 (c. 62), ss. 1,3.
MARRIOTT v. OXFORD AND DISTRICT CO‐OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD.
Authors: of Waddington Parker , Widgery J. , Chapman J.
Published: November 2014

December 6, 1967 Redundancy — Dismissal — Employers' offer of employment at reduced wages — Wether sufficient “offer in writing” of renewal or re‐engagement — Employee commencing work at reduced wage — Whether a dismissal — Whether employee entitled to redundancy payment — Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 (c. 62), s.3.
EATON v. R.K.B. (FURMISTON) LTD.
Authors: Donaldson John , Boyfield R. , Roberts H.
Published: November 2014

July 24, 1972 Master and Servant — Redundancy — Dismissal — Written offer of re‐employment at different factory — Oral agreement to collect employee at certain place — Offer accepted by employee — Refusal by employer to collect employee at agreed place — Whether place of collection fundamental term of offer — Whether employee employed under new contract — Redundancy Payments Act 1965(c.62)s.3(2)(b).
REGINA v. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COMMISSIONER, EX PARTE VISCUSI
Authors: Denning  , Buckley L.J. , Roskill L.J.
Published: November 2014

February 19, 1974 National Insurance — Industrial injuries benefit — Disablement benefit — “Finality” of medical decisions — Workman injuring knee — Successive assessments by medical boards and medical appeal tribunals relating to specific periods — Third medical board awarding 50 per cent benefit for life — Third medical appeal tribunal accepting surgeon's report suggesting malingering and discharging assessment — Whether medical decisions final when made for specific periods — Whether proceedings contrary to natural justice or made without due inquiry — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1965 (c.52) s.50(l) — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) (Determination of Claims and Questions) No. 2 Regulations, 1967 (S.I. 1967 No. 1571), regs. 12,19(2).
BRITISH STEEL CORPORATION v. CHANT and PORTMAN
Authors: Denning  , Orr L.J. , Roskill L.J.
Published: November 2014

May 7, 1974 Iron and Steel — Reorganization — Resettlement compensation — Report to the Minister recommending reorganization — Industry reorganized consequent on report — Recession in industry — Closure of mills — Employees suffering loss of employment — Whether loss of employment “in consequence of a relevant event” — Whether employees entitled to resettlement compensation — Iron and Steel (Compensation to Employees) Regulations, 1968 (S.I. 1968, No. 1170).
MATERNITY RIGHTS
Authors: Wyvill Valerie
Published: November 2014

In the Equal Opportunities Commission Annual Report for 1987 Joanna Foster, the Chairman, stated that, “Equal opportunities is no longer a marginal issue. Forward‐looking employers are responding to the changing needs of a changing workforce by introducing equal opportunity programmes and they are recognising that under‐using or discriminating against women — nearly half the workforce — is bad business.”
Numeric data bases on‐line
Authors: Luedke James A.
Published: November 2014

The activities that are at present furthering the visibility of numeric data bases and systems are discussed. A tentative estimate of the numbers of existing numeric data bases and systems in various categories of accessibility (on‐line, batch, and remotely accessible) and availability (public, restricted, and in‐house) is made. Numeric data bases and systems are becoming offered by information retrieval services through many of the channels that made bibliographic and textual information systems successful. These include remote accessibility and marketing by large data base vendors. The user community for numeric data bases is generally more restricted, with the possible exception of business and financial numeric data bases. User training needs are generally greater as well. Numeric data bases may nevertheless reach large user audiences with the advent of distributed processing and, ultimately, data base maps which can automatically locate and link together data bases in many locations.
Accidents to Young People on the Youth Training Schemes
Authors: Glendon A.I.
Published: November 2014

The research covers the period April 1983 to March 1986 and looks at 5,002 cases of injury (including fatalities) amongst YOP and YTS participants.
HO'OPONOPONO: A CROSS CULTURAL MODEL FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE
Authors: Patten Thomas H.
Published: November 2014

Is organization development (OD) culture‐bound to American and Western applied behavioral science or exportable? There is evidence that one concept and set of techniques (called ho'oponopono), which were developed in ancient Hawaii but are still practiced today, have close parallels to OD techniques in conflict management used by pace‐setting American corporations. Ho'oponopono is apparently culturally transferable. Thus OD has been uniquely addressed in a culture far removed from urban‐industrial America and is, with minor adaptations, applicable to contemporary corporations. Perhaps OD‐and certainly at least the ho'oponopono methodology for conflict management—can be made culturally fungible. The paper concludes with an explanation of how this transferability can be made in ho'oponopono.
Emulsion‐based anti‐corrosive primers for metals
Authors: Edser M.H.
Published: November 2014

Probably because the atmospheric corrosion of metals is always associated with the presence of water, the idea of using water‐borne coatings to give protection against corrosion has still not achieved general acceptance. Despite the considerable quantities of aqueous solution primers used in car body dip tanks, there remains a fairly deep‐rooted suspicion of aqueous primers. This may be due to the fact that with all other anti‐corrosive coatings the metal surface must be clean and dry, while aqueous systems inevitably wet the surface.
Recent progress in raw materials
Authors: Americus
Published: November 2014

A German firm has announced several alkyd resins, including a stoving enamel for domestic appliances, automotive finishes and coil coating, a water‐thinnable resin for air‐drying and baking finishes and also for house paints and industrial coatings. This latter coating is intended for reaction with water‐thinnable melamine resins to produce baking finishes.
Modern aircraft finishes
Authors: Lewin J.B.G.
Published: November 2014

High performance is demanded of aircraft finishes because of the severity of the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. Many aircraft today operate long range, and encounter a wide variety of climatic conditions. Cyclic condensation occurs during the various temperature and pressure fluctuations, and keel areas may contain large quantities of water containing dissolved salts as well as aggressive fluids such as phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, ester lubricants, fuels etc. Skin temperatures can change rapidly during flight and may even reach 130°C, by kinetic heating. Erosive influences are met whilst flying through rain, dust and hail, and as the whole structure is vibrating under changing stress, cracking tendencies of coatings are accentuated. C. E. Hoey has reviewed aircraft finishes against this background.
Review of applications of G.P.C.
Authors: Ellis R.A.
Published: November 2014

The analysis and characterisation of resinous binder materials used in paint formulation has been facilitated during the last decade by the availability of such instrumental techniques as infra‐red spectroscopy, gas‐liquid chromatography and, more recently, gel permeation chromatography (G.P.C). The first two techniques mentioned are eminently suitable for the analysis of resins according to their chemical nature. Most of the binder resins used in modern paints are polymers and, therefore, such parameters as molecular weight and degree of polymerisation are important in determining the suitability of a resin for a given application. The G.P.C. technique readily provides the necessary information about these polymer parameters.
Recent progress in powder coatings
Authors: Americus
Published: November 2014

The Federation of Societies for Paint Technology authorised Levinson to do a study on powder coating, electrocoating and radiation. In an article [Journal of Paint Technology, July (1972) p. 37] Levinson describes the advantages and disadvantages of powder coating, the technology involved, the economics of the various systems, the relationship to ecology, the manufacture of powders, the resins which are useful, and future trends.
Emulsion paints and their formulation
Authors: Dyson A.F.
Published: November 2014

It is common practice to classify film forming systems into chemical and physical drying types. The drying of a film former by chemical means results in a film that is either largely or completely insoluble in the original solvent in which it was dissolved. Physical drying of a film former produces a film which may be re‐dissolved in the original solvent. Emulsion polymers do not fit precisely into this scheme, for although physical processes are involved in the film formation, the final film is not soluble in the original medium, i.e. water.
New curing techniques in industrial coatings
Authors: Americus
Published: November 2014

The onslaught of automation in the industrial coatings area is an irreversible one. For this reason, the manufacturers who coat in‐plant seize eagerly upon developments such as high‐energy radiation curing and ultraviolet curing. Interest in these techniques is developing rapidly as indicated by the large number of patents which are beginning to evolve. The advantages of these methods have been detailed in previous reviews. Some of the more recent literature is described in this article.
Gloss emulsion paints
Authors: Warson H.
Published: November 2014

This article is a short extract from the author's report on Gloss Emulsion Paints, first published in October 1974, which is believed to be the most comprehensive survey published on the subject to date. The 10,000 words full report is available from Dr Warson, 284 Warwick Road, Solihull, West Midlands, B92 7AF, at a cost of £42 or US$99, airmail post free.
Coatings update: trends & economic progress in the coatings industry, 1977
Authors: Americus
Published: November 2014

The technological aspects of the coatings industry are undergoing marked changes as has been emphasised in an earlier part of this review. Technological change demands that marketing keep pace. Accordingly, the marketing techniques of a decade ago for most companies are probably in serious need of modification. As technology becomes more sophisticated, it is necessary for the marketer to gain a greater and greater understanding of the technology with which he is dealing. In an industry in which technology is changing, it is important to know and to be able to document the advantages pro and con of a variety of systems.
Anti‐corrosion behaviour of some laboratory prepared barium metaborate based paints
Authors: El‐Saawy S.M. , MA  , Ghanem N.A.
Published: November 2014

Seventy paints were prepared, based on six grades of laboratory prepared barium metaborate pigments. The paints could be classified into three groups according to the type of the binder; each group comprises seven sub‐groups. The paints were tested first in the laboratory and then in actual environment (above and under sea water). Commercial barium metaborate (Busan 11‐M1) based‐paints were prepared and used as a blank.
Coatings update 1977: Energy
Authors: Americus
Published: November 2014

That energy in the coatings industry is of concern throughout the world is indicated by a Russian article by Myachin [Lakokras. Mat., 1 (1976) p. 55] which discusses means to utilise thermal energy in a paint factory more economically.
Début of synthetic resins
Authors: Schofield M.
Published: November 2014

Although as long ago as 1870 Adolf Bayer referred to a resinous substance formed from reacting phenols with aldehydes, with pyrogallol and benzaldehyde used in his experiments, this Bayer research attracted little or no interest even though in 1891 in the journal Annalen a paper by Kleeberg described a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, two raw materials then becoming available in commerce. Kleeberg went further in converting the original viscous mass into a hard resin; yet there was still little interest until in 1899 a patent by A. Smith described a phenol‐formaldehyde resin as an alternative to ebonite for use as an electrical insulator. Smith extended the specification to include acetaldehyde and also referred to the use of solvents to control the vigorous reactions between phenols and aldehydes. In this early work A. Luft in Austria included camphor in producing resins as substitutes for celluloid.
The weathering resistance of calcium carbonates compared to kaolins in deep shade emulsion paints
Authors: Plüss—Staufer
Published: November 2014

The selection of the right extender is very important when formulating emulsion paints in deep shades, as the effect of some extenders on the tinting strength and the colour fastness is considerable. In the following note results on the investigation of weathering resistance of emulsion paints containing calcium carbonates as compared to those containing kaolins are reported.