bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caminhos identitários: imigrantes Portugueses em Pernambuco
Authors: Santos Wilza Betania dos
Published: June 2018

A comunidade portuguesa em Pernambuco vivenciou uma nova fase de sua história a partir da criação do Gabinete Português de Leitura (GPL-PE) em 3 de novembro de 1850. O GPL-PE foi a primeira associação que formalizou os laços de pertencimento da comunidade portuguesa. A partir dele, outras instituições portuguesas foram constituídas. Foi em torno desse gabinete que se viu primeiramente surgir as discussões sobre a identidade do imigrante português. Este artigo objetiva compreender como os discursos sobre a identidade do imigrante português em Pernambuco foram (re)construídos e quais os caminhos percorridos por essa comunidade para (re)significar a imagem de colonizador-explorador para a de imigrante-construtor da nova nação brasileira. Analisando-se as variações dos discursos produzidos pelo próprio português no processo que (re)significaram sua identidade em Pernambuco entre 1850 e 1921.
A invenção capuchinha do selvagem na época moderna
Authors: Daher Andrea
Published: June 2018

Da experiência colonial francesa no Maranhão do início do século XVII, a França Equinocial, resultou a publicação de duas importantes narrativas pelos missionários capuchinhos Claude d’Abbeville e Yves d’Évreux. Esse corpus de obras francesas é marcado por transcrições em língua tupi, em particular de arengas de chefes indígenas. O índio tupinambá que surge dotado de fala nessas narrativas missionárias é também fruto de uma “herança” do relato do calvinista Jean de Léry, ao qual se atribui, legitimamente, a “invenção do selvagem”. Por sua vez, muito longe do pessimismo dogmático do huguenote sobre as possibilidades de conversão dos índios, marcado de primitivismo, a escrita missionária dos capuchinhos também contribuiu, utopicamente, para a “invenção do selvagem” na França, no interior da experiência mística que suas descrições encenam.
O grande massacre de Darnton ou o pulo do gato em uma hermenêutica geertziana?
Authors: Seawright Leandro
Published: June 2018

Este artigo é produto da análise de uma polêmica entre os historiadores Giovanni Levi e Robert Darnton. Três questões, entre outras, foram tratadas: a primeira se refere à indicação de que Darnton teria feito a transposição mecânica da antropologia interpretativa para o campo da história cultural; a segunda diz respeito à problemática do relativismo em razão da interpretação sempre continuada por Darnton; a terceira segue as pistas de influências hermenêuticas em Geertz e em Darnton demonstradas por Levi. Por fim, tenciona-se avaliar as implicações teóricas dos textos escritos por Levi sobre O grande massacre de gatos de Darnton.
“Uma cinzenta falta de esperança paira sobre todos nós”: uma análise de cartas de mulheres e homens com intenção de emigrar da Alemanha para o Brasil (1946-1950)
Authors: Frotscher Méri
Published: June 2018

O artigo é baseado em cartas enviadas da Alemanha entre 1946 e 1950 à Prefeitura Municipal de Blumenau – SC, nas quais os remetentes pedem informações, ajuda e intermediação para poder imigrar. Discuto aqui os significados e funções de cartas em projetos migratórios, o imaginário, percepções e motivos que fundamentam a vontade expressa de emigrar e como ela opera na construção da narrativa autobiográfica. Analiso também as relações que os remetentes estabelecem entre o “espaço de experiência” na Alemanha e o “horizonte de expectativa”.
Systemic Upregulation of IL-10 (Interleukin-10) Using a Nonimmunogenic Vector Reduces Growth and Rate of Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Adam Matti , Kooreman Nigel Geoffrey , Jagger Ann , Wagenhäuser Markus U. , Mehrkens Dennis , Wang Yongming , Kayama Yosuke , Toyama Kensuke , Raaz Uwe , Schellinger Isabel N. , Maegdefessel Lars , Spin Joshua M. , Hamming Jaap F. , Quax Paul H.A. , Baldus Stephan , Wu Joseph C. , Tsao Philip S.
Published: June 2018

Objective—

Recruitment of immunologic competent cells to the vessel wall is a crucial step in formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Innate immunity effectors (eg, macrophages), as well as mediators of adaptive immunity (eg, T cells), orchestrate a local vascular inflammatory response. IL-10 (interleukin-10) is an immune-regulatory cytokine with a crucial role in suppression of inflammatory processes. We hypothesized that an increase in systemic IL-10-levels would mitigate AAA progression.

Approach and Results—

Using a single intravenous injection protocol, we transfected an IL-10 transcribing nonimmunogenic minicircle vector into the Ang II (angiotensin II)-ApoE
−/−
infusion mouse model of AAA. IL-10 minicircle transfection significantly reduced average aortic diameter measured via ultrasound at day 28 from 166.1±10.8% (control) to 131.0±5.8% (IL-10 transfected). Rates of dissecting AAA were reduced by IL-10 treatment, with an increase in freedom from dissecting AAA from 21.5% to 62.3%. Using flow cytometry of aortic tissue from minicircle IL-10-treated animals, we found a significantly higher percentage of CD4
+
/CD25
+
/Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)
+
regulatory T cells, with fewer CD8
+
/GZMB
+
(granzyme B) cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, isolated aortic macrophages produced less TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), more IL-10, and were more likely to be MRC1 (mannose receptor, C type 1)–positive alternatively activated macrophages. These results concurred with gene expression analysis of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and Ang II-primed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusions—

Taken together, we provide an effective gene therapy approach to AAA in mice by enhancing antiinflammatory and dampening proinflammatory pathways through minicircle-induced augmentation of systemic IL-10 expression.
Weibel-Palade Body Localized Syntaxin-3 Modulates Von Willebrand Factor Secretion From Endothelial Cells
Authors: Schillemans Maaike , Karampini Ellie , van den Eshof Bart L. , Gangaev Anastasia , Hofman Menno , van Breevoort Dorothee , Meems Henriët , Janssen Hans , Mulder Aat A. , Jost Carolina R. , Escher Johanna C. , Adam Rüdiger , Carter Tom , Koster Abraham J. , van den Biggelaar Maartje , Voorberg Jan , Bierings Ruben
Published: June 2018

Objective—

Endothelial cells store VWF (von Willebrand factor) in rod-shaped secretory organelles, called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). WPB exocytosis is coordinated by a complex network of Rab GTPases, Rab effectors, and SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins. We have previously identified STXBP1 as the link between the Rab27A-Slp4-a complex on WPBs and the SNARE proteins syntaxin-2 and -3. In this study, we investigate the function of syntaxin-3 in VWF secretion.

Approach and Results—

In human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from healthy controls, endogenous syntaxin-3 immunolocalized to WPBs. A detailed analysis of BOECs isolated from a patient with variant microvillus inclusion disease, carrying a homozygous mutation in
STX3
(STX3
−/−
), showed a loss of syntaxin-3 protein and absence of WPB-associated syntaxin-3 immunoreactivity. Ultrastructural analysis revealed no detectable differences in morphology or prevalence of immature or mature WPBs in control versus STX3
−/−
BOECs. VWF multimer analysis showed normal patterns in plasma of the microvillus inclusion disease patient, and media from STX3
−/−
BOECs, together indicating WPB formation and maturation are unaffected by absence of syntaxin-3. However, a defect in basal as well as Ca
2+
- and cAMP-mediated VWF secretion was found in the STX3
−/−
BOECs. We also show that syntaxin-3 interacts with the WPB-associated SNARE protein VAMP8 (vesicle-associated membrane protein-8).

Conclusions—

Our data reveal syntaxin-3 as a novel WPB-associated SNARE protein that controls WPB exocytosis.
Effects of Repetitive Transendocardial CD34
+
Cell Transplantation in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vrtovec Bojan , Poglajen Gregor , Sever Matjaz , Zemljic Gregor , Frljak Sabina , Cerar Andraz , Cukjati Marko , Jaklic Martina , Cernelc Peter , Haddad François , Wu Joseph C.
Published: June 2018

Rationale:

Preclinical data in heart failure models suggest that repetitive stem cell therapy may be superior to single-dose cell administration.

Objective:

We investigated whether repetitive administration of CD34
+
cells is superior to single-dose administration in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results:

Of 66 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association functional class III, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% enrolled in the study, 60 were randomly allocated to repetitive cell therapy (group A, n=30) or single-cell therapy (group B, n=30). Patients received G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) for 5 days, and 80 million CD34
+
cells were collected by apheresis and injected transendocardially. In group A, cell therapy was repeated at 6 months. All patients were followed for 1 year, and the primary end point was the difference in change in LVEF between the groups. At baseline, the groups did not differ in age, sex, LVEF, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), or 6-minute walk test distance. When directly comparing groups A and B at 1 year, there was no significant difference in change in LVEF (from 32.2±9.3% to 41.2±6.5% in group A and from 30.0±7.0% to 37.9±5.3% in group B,
P
=0.40). From baseline to 6 months, both groups improved in LVEF (+6.9±3.3% in group A,
P
=0.001 and +7.1±3.5% in group B,
P
=0.001), NT-proBNP (−578±211 pg/mL,
P
=0.02 and −633±305 pg/mL,
P
=0.01), and 6-minute walk test (+87±21 m,
P
=0.03 and +92±25 m,
P
=0.02). In contrast, we observed no significant changes between 6 months and 1 year (LVEF: +2.1±2.3% in group A,
P
=0.19 and +0.8±3.1% in group B,
P
=0.56; NT-proBNP: −215±125 pg/mL,
P
=0.26 and −33±205 pg/mL,
P
=0.77; 6-minute walk test: +27±11 m,
P
=0.2 and +12±18 m,
P
=0.42).

Conclusions:

In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, repetitive CD34
+
cell administration does not seem to be associated with superior improvements in LVEF, NT-proBNP, or 6-minute walk test when compared with single-dose cell therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02248532.
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke and Symptomatic Vascular Disease in Multiple Arterial Beds
Authors: Heldner Mirjam R. , Li Linxin , Lovett Nicola G. , Kubiak Magdalena M. , Lyons Shane , Rothwell Peter M. ,   for the Oxford Vascular Study
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—

Cerebrovascular, coronary, and peripheral vascular disease have common underlying arterial pathology and risk factors, but the clinical significance of multiple-territory disease in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA)/ischemic stroke is unclear, particularly whether the number of clinically affected territories still predicts long-term outcome on current standard secondary prevention therapies.

Methods—

In a population-based study of 92 728 individuals in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (Oxford Vascular Study), we studied patients presenting with TIA/ischemic stroke (2002–2014) in relation to the number of other vascular beds (coronary, peripheral) affected by symptomatic (current or previous) disease. We compared the risk factor profile and long-term prognosis in patients with single- versus multiple-territory disease.

Results—

Among 2554 patients with 10 679 patient-years of follow-up, 1842 (72.1%) had single- (TIA/stroke only), 608 (23.8%) double-, and 104 (4.1%) triple-territory symptomatic vascular disease. The number of affected vascular beds increased with the number of atherosclerotic risk factors (
P
trend
<0.0001). Compared with patients with TIA/stroke only, those with multiple-territory disease had more hypertension (age/sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.76–4.27;
P
<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.27–3.66;
P
<0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 3.85–5.66;
P
<0.0001), and current or previous smoking (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26–1.84;
P
<0.0001). Triple-territory disease was particularly strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 4.39–10.53;
P
<0.0001). Despite more intensive secondary prevention in patients with multiple-territory disease, the 5-year risk of vascular death increased steeply with the number of territories affected (17.2% versus 30.0% versus 42.9%;
P
<0.0001). Compared with patients with single-territory, patients with multiple-territory disease also had higher postacute long-term risks (90 days to 10 years) of recurrent ischemic stroke (age/sex-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.81;
P
=0.02) and nonstroke acute vascular events (hazard ratio, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.23–4.20;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—

Number of affected vascular beds appeared to be a simple clinical rule in identifying TIA/ischemic stroke patients who are at high long-term risk of nonstroke vascular events and vascular death.
Similar Outcomes for Contact Aspiration and Stent Retriever Use According to the Admission Clot Burden Score in ASTER
Authors: Zhu François , Lapergue Bertrand , Kyheng Maéva , Blanc Raphael , Labreuche Julien , Ben Machaa Malek , Duhamel Alain , Marnat Gautier , Saleme Suzana , Costalat Vincent , Bracard Serge , Richard Sébastien , Desal Hubert , Mazighi Mikael , Consoli Arturo , Piotin Michel , Gory Benjamin ,   for the ASTER Trial Investigators*
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—

The clot burden score (CBS) at admission reliably evaluates the thrombus burden in acute ischemic stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Mechanical thrombectomy has been diversified, especially with contact aspiration technique, and its efficiency with respect to the thrombus burden is not known. We compared reperfusion, adverse events, neurological recovery, and 90-day functional outcome of stent retriever use versus contact aspiration according to the admission CBS.

Methods—

This is a post hoc analysis of the ASTER (Contact Aspiration Versus Stent Retriever for Successful Revascularization) randomized trial. The primary outcome was successful reperfusion after all procedures, defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores 2b/3. Secondary outcomes were 90-day functional outcome, assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. Safety outcomes included 90-day mortality and any intracerebral hemorrhage.

Results—

A total of 231 randomized patients were included in this study: 114 patients had a CBS of 0 to 6 and 117 a CBS ≥7 at admission. Successful reperfusion at procedure end was achieved more frequently in patients with CBS ≥7 (88.9%) than patients with a CBS 0 to 6 (81.6%; fully adjusted risk ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.28). Favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 90 days was achieved in significantly more patients with CBS ≥7 (61.9%) than in patients with CBS 0 to 6 (41.8%; fully adjusted risk ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.40). No outcome differences of first-line mechanical thrombectomy strategy (aspiration versus stent) on any angiographic or clinical outcomes were observed between the 2 groups. We also found no evidence of interaction between first-line mechanical thrombectomy strategy and CBS groups regarding safety.

Conclusions—

First-line mechanical thrombectomy with contact aspiration compared with stent retriever did not result in an increased successful reperfusion rate in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation according to the admission CBS. The latter, however, seems to be a reliable prognostic indicator of angiographic and clinical outcome.
A revision of the Neotropical ant-like genus Cardiacephala Macquart, including Plocoscelus Enderlein syn. nov. (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae)
Authors: FERRO GUSTAVO BORGES , MARSHALL STEPHEN A.
Published: June 2018

The Neotropical genus Cardiacephala Macquart (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) is revised. Plocoscelus Enderlein is treated as a new junior synonym, and 15 new species (C. acuminata, C. aeruginosa, C. angularis, C. aspera, C. bulla, C. erugata, C. lobulosa, C. nicaraguensis, C. planivertex, C. rotunda, C. spinosa, C. umbra, C. velutinosa, C. venezuelensis and C. vitrata) are described. Plocoscelus nitidus Hennig is newly recognized as a synonym of C. camptomera, P. plurimaculatus Czerny is synonymized with C. arthritica (Wiedemann) and P. townsendi Cresson is synonymized with C. podagrica (Rondani).
Using Evolutionary Programming to Add Deterministic and Probabilistic Skill to Spatial Model Forecasts
Authors: Roebber Paul J.
Published: June 2018

Evolutionary programming is applied to the postpocessing of ensemble forecasts of temperature on a spatial domain. These forecasts are obtained from the 11-member Reforecast V2 ensemble over the region from 24°–53°N to 125°–66°W for the period 1 January 1985–14 May 2011. The evolution is based upon a static ecosystem model that holds constant the number of individuals (algorithms), using a fixed rate of introduction of new algorithms and removal of existing algorithms. Each algorithm adheres to a specific underlying genetic architecture, and the selection pressure on the “species” is according to deterministic performance (root-mean-square error) on a training dataset. On a 2325-case, independent test dataset, the method improved root-mean-square error and ranked probability score relative to the Reforecast ensemble by 0.31°F (8.7%) and 3.3%, respectively, across the domain, with 96% of the grid points showing simultaneous improvements in both measures. The use of input information by the evolutionary programming algorithms varied by region; while the algorithm forecasts at all locations are fundamentally tied to the Reforecast ensemble forecast, northeastern locations found snow cover to be the next most useful input, whereas southwestern locations preferentially employed precipitable water. An adaptive form of the approach, developed to be readily implemented into operations, is tested in the absence of improving inputs but is found to only slightly degrade performance (1.2% in root-mean-square error and 0.6% in ranked probability skill score). A number of future extensions are discussed.
Comparing the criminal careers and childhood risk factors of persistent, chronic, and persistent–chronic offenders
Authors: Whitten Tyson , McGee Tara R , Homel Ross , Farrington David P , Ttofi Maria
Published: June 2018

There have been few efforts to conceptually and empirically distinguish persistent and chronic offenders, despite the prominence of these concepts in the criminological literature. Research has not yet examined if different childhood risk factors are associated with offenders who have the longest criminal careers (persistent offenders), commit the most offences (chronic offenders), or both (persistent–chronic offenders). We address this gap using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Poverty, poor school attainment, and family stress had a pervasive impact on all forms of offending in correlational analyses. Longer criminal career durations were associated with fewer childhood risk factors than was the case for chronic offenders. Chronic offenders were significantly more likely than persistent offenders to experience many environmental risks in childhood. When controlling for all other risk factors, hyperactivity and parental separation uniquely predicted persistent offending, while high daring and large family size uniquely predicted chronic offending. Our analyses point to the need for responses based on a philosophy of “proportionate universalism,” where universal multisystemic crime prevention strategies that benefit all children incorporate program components that are known to influence the unique risk factors for both persistent and chronic offending.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Promote Innervation of Bioengineered Teeth
Authors: Strub M. , Keller L. , Idoux-Gillet Y. , Lesot H. , Clauss F. , Benkirane-Jessel N. , Kuchler-Bopp S.
Published: June 2018

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMDCs) into a denervated side of the spinal cord was reported to be a useful option for axonal regeneration. The innervation of teeth is essential for their function and protection but does not occur spontaneously after injury. Cultured reassociations between dissociated embryonic dental mesenchymal and epithelial cells and implantation lead to a vascularized tooth organ regeneration. However, when reassociations were coimplanted with a trigeminal ganglion (TG), innervation did not occur. On the other hand, reassociations between mixed embryonic dental mesenchymal cells and bone marrow–derived cells isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice (BMDCs-GFP) (50/50) with an intact and competent dental epithelium (ED14) were innervated. In the present study, we verified the stemness of isolated BMDCs, confirmed their potential role in the innervation of bioengineered teeth, and analyzed the mechanisms by which this innervation can occur. For that purpose, reassociations between mixed embryonic dental mesenchymal cells and BMDCs-GFP with an intact and competent dental epithelium were cultured and coimplanted subcutaneously with a TG for 2 wk in ICR mice. Axons entered the dental pulp and reached the odontoblast layer. BMDCs-GFP were detected at the base of the tooth, with some being present in the pulp associated with the axons. Thus, while having a very limited contribution in tooth formation, they promoted the innervation of the bioengineered teeth. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostainings, BMDCs were shown to promote innervation by 2 mechanisms: 1) via immunomodulation by reducing the number of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD25+) in the implants and 2) by expressing neurotrophic factors such as NGF, BDNF, and NT3 for axonal growth. This strategy using autologous mesenchymal cells coming from bone marrow could be used to innervate bioengineered teeth without treatment with an immunosuppressor such as cyclosporine A (CsA), thus avoiding multiple side effects.
Nourish the soul or damage the body? Belief in the connection between Christian moral failure and diminished health
Authors: Foy Steven L , Mueller Collin W
Published: June 2018

Scholars have increasingly noted mechanisms by which religion may be detrimental to one’s health, but few have explored how individuals understand linkages between religious involvement and adverse health. Using data gathered from telephone interviews with Protestants and Catholics in North Carolina and South Carolina, we explore how individuals understand the role of religious moral failure in shaping health consequences. When asked to discuss the relationship between religion and health, 23 respondents described experiences or beliefs regarding how failing to meet the expectations of their religion corresponded with a range of reduced mental and physical health outcomes. Findings underscore the need for additional research on the role of religious involvement and life course experiences in shaping expectations that health declines result from moral failure.
The Self as an Active Agent: Understanding Goffman’s Theory of Resistance in Total Institutions through Life-histories
Authors: Shreeya Anuragini
Published: June 2018

By drawing examples from a particular genre of literary work—life-histories—this paper aims to describe, how ‘resistance’, a pervasive feature of total institutions, occurs in a variety of ways in different total institutions. Working within the broad theoretical framework of Goffman’s Asylums (1961), this article will assess the extent and nature of resistance that is possible in each total institution, and the amount of agency each inmate is invested with. It will also explore as to ‘how’ the basic characteristics of total institutions create space for resistance and ‘why’ inmates resist. This will lead to an understating of the ways in which the ‘resisting self’ develops—whether it is a result of the inmates' interaction with other inmates/staff, or is a product of their personal experiences before entering the total institution. The discussion will also seek to establish that depending upon how, why, and against what inmates resist, several types of total institutions differ.
Bargaining in asymmetric crisis
Authors: Steiner Barry H
Published: June 2018

Diplomacy, defined as formal communication and bargaining between states, is subject to limits that diplomatic theory must demarcate and understand. This article compares state incentives and disincentives (including rejection of negotiation as well as refusal to concede) affecting the decision whether to negotiate in six cases of interstate crisis between militarily unequal antagonists. While it has been argued that asymmetric powers are more likely to reach negotiating agreement than their symmetric counterparts, with weaker states doing surprisingly well, that finding is questioned here in the crisis context. For example, the militarily inferior antagonist, attracted to diplomacy as an alternative to war, might well anticipate inferior results from direct negotiations. The weaker antagonist’s unwillingness in these cases to negotiate with a strong opponent suppressed diplomacy, but great power support for the weaker side, and the stronger power’s lack of war readiness, added to the stronger antagonist’s willingness to negotiate.
Exploring How Workplace Factors Are Associated With Role Strain Among Jail Staff: A Replication and Expansion Study
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Paoline Eugene A. , Hogan Nancy L.
Published: June 2018

Role strain has many negative outcomes. While the majority of role strain research has focused on its effects, this study explored possible antecedents of role strain among staff at a large, urban Southern jail in the United States. Based on regression analysis of survey data, instrumental communication, views that policy is followed, input into decision-making, formalization, and supervisory support each had significant negative effects on role strain. Administrative support and positive relations with coworkers, however, had nonsignificant effects. Jail administrators should attempt to reduce role strain by creating clear structure of job duties and expectations (formalization), providing staff with a greater organizational voice (input into decision-making), explaining the importance of organizational policies being followed and how they benefit staff, improving the flow of critical information about job and organizational matters (instrumental communication), and training supervisors about how to provide support to their subordinates and reward them for doing so (supervisory support).
Effects of temperature and impactor nose diameter on the impact behavior of PA6 and PP thermoplastic composites
Authors: Dogan Akar , Arman Yusuf
Published: June 2018

In this study, the effects of temperature and impactor nose diameter on the impact behavior of woven glass-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic composites were investigated experimentally. Impact energies are chosen as 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 J. The thickness of composite materials is 4 mm. Impact tests were performed using a drop weight impact testing machine, CEAST-Fractovis Plus, and the load capacity of test machine is 22 kN. Hemispherical impactor nose diameter of 12, 7, and 20 mm were used as an impactor. The tests are conducted at room temperature (20°C and 75°C). As a result, the PP composites of the same thickness absorbed more energy than PA6 composites. The amount of absorbed energy of PP and PA6 composites decreased with temperature.
Methane adsorption characteristics and its influencing factors of the medium-to-high rank coals in the Anyang-Hebi coalfield, northern China
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Shao Longyi , Hou Haihai , Tang Yue , Li Zhen , Yao Minglei , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: June 2018

The variation of coal rank in the Anyang-Hebi (Anhe) coalfield has the phenomenon of anti-Hilt law, which makes the coalfield distinctive for coalbed methane exploration research. The methane adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of the medium-to-high rank coal samples of the Shanxi Formation in this coalfield were analyzed. The results indicate that the Langmuir volume ( VL) of coals in the shallow western part of the Anhe coalfield is generally higher than that in the deep eastern part. The coal rank and the coal macerals are the dominant factors that influence the methane adsorption capacity of coals in this anti-Hilt law area. The methane adsorption capacity, represented by VL, first increases and then decreases with the coal rank, and the highest VL value corresponds to the maximum vitrinite reflectance of ∼2.1%. The adsorption capacity has a positive correlation with the vitrinite and the moisture content, a negative relationship with the inertinite content. In general, the adsorption capacity of coal samples shows a “V-shaped” change with the ash yield, and the lowest VL value corresponds to the ash yield of ∼9%. A prediction model of the gas content of the Anhe coalfield was proposed based on changes of the methane adsorption capacity and principal component analysis. Areas with a critical depth ranging from 400 m to 700 m are suggested to be methane enrichment regions for coalbed methane exploration in the Anhe coalfield.
How Significant Are “High” Correlations Between EQ-5D Value Sets?
Authors: Ombler Franz , Albert Michael , Hansen Paul
Published: June 2018

The calculation of quality-adjusted life years, as used for cost–utility analysis, depends on the availability of value sets representing people’s preferences with respect to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A value set consists of HRQoL index values for all health states representable by the particular descriptive system used, of which the EQ-5D (EuroQoL, 5 Dimensions) is by far the most widely used. High correlation coefficients for EQ-5D value sets derived from different samples—across countries and/or using different valuation techniques—are conventionally interpreted as evidence that the people in the respective samples have similar HRQoL preferences. However, EQ-5D value sets—for both versions of the system (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L)—contain many inherent rankings of health state values by design. By calculating correlation coefficients for value sets created from random data, we demonstrate that “high” coefficients are artifacts of these inherent rankings, such as median Pearson’s r = 0.783 for the EQ-5D-3L and 0.850 for the EQ-5D-5L instead of zero. Therefore, high correlation coefficients do not necessarily constitute evidence of meaningful associations in terms of similar HRQoL preferences. After calculating significance levels based on our simulations—available as an online resource for other researchers—we find that many high coefficients are not as significant as conventionally interpreted, whereas other coefficients are not significant. These “high” but insignificant correlations are in fact spurious.
Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of Zelesse® for the treatment of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients: The NINESSE Study
Authors: García Fátima , Rodríguez Carmen-Amparo , Palomo María-Lourdes , Català Pere , Fernández Santiago , Huerta Ibone , Velasco Syra , Nieto Concepción ,   as the writing group of the NINESSE study
Published: June 2018

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Zelesse®, an intimate hygiene wash solution, in the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients.

Methods

The NINESSE Study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study involving females aged 2–8 years who attended paediatric offices with symptoms suggestive of non-specific vulvovaginitis. They were administered Zelesse® as a single treatment for 15 ± 5 days. Pruritus, burning, dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results

A total of 71 paediatric patients were enrolled in the study (mean ± SD age, 4.5 ± 1.9 years). The most significant effects were observed for pruritus and burning, where 98.4% (62 of 63) and 96.9% (63 of 65) of the patients improved after treatment, respectively. Zelesse® demonstrated a beneficial effect on dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema. The effects on the symptoms and signs were observed within the first week of treatment; although 44.9% (31 of 69) of patients experienced improvements after 2–3 days. Zelesse® was well accepted and tolerated by most patients. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Zelesse® was very effective for the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis, in particular pruritus, burning and erythema, in females aged 2–8 years.
An Examination of the Home-Intruder Sex Offender
Authors: Ensslen Katherine , Beauregard Eric , Pedneault Amelie
Published: June 2018

One particular crime location in sexual assaults is the victim’s residence. Similar to sexual burglars, “home-intruder” sex offenders choose to assault the victim in her residence, most likely in their bedroom. The aim of the current study is to analyze modus operandi, temporal factors, and victim characteristics in a sample of 347 stranger sexual assaults committed by 69 serial sex offenders to determine which factors may be more relevant to sexual assaults committed in the victim’s residence compared with sexual assaults committed at another type of location. Our hypothesis is that offenders who choose to sexually assault victims in their home constitute a specific type of sex offender, one that resembles the sexual burglar. Results showed that modus operandi (e.g., burglary), temporal factors (e.g., time at crime scene with victim), and victim characteristics (e.g., age, victim-offender relationship) were significant in predicting whether the victim encounter, crime site, and victim release site were located at the victim’s residence or not. Moreover, these findings were generally significant across the three crime locations, which can be explained by the high consistency in location during home-intrusion sexual assaults. Situational crime prevention strategies aimed at making a residence less attractive for offenders should help reducing this particular type of sexual assault.
Addressing Serious Violent Misconduct in Prison: Examining an Alternative Form of Restrictive Housing
Authors: Meyers Travis J. , Infante Arynn , Wright Kevin A.
Published: June 2018

A number of scholars, civil, and human rights activists have expressed concern about the negative impact restrictive housing may have on the physical and mental well-being of inmates. Rigorous, theoretically informed outcome evaluations, however, are virtually nonexistent. Guided by theory and existing empirical evidence, this study explores the future behavioral and mental health outcomes associated with completing an alternative approach to restrictive housing in the Arizona Department of Corrections. To explore program outcomes, we use paired-sample t tests to determine whether post-program behavior is significantly different from preprogram behavior. In addition, we use cross tabulations and independent samples t tests to identify relationships between individual-level inmate and program characteristics and program outcomes. Results from this study suggest that a more therapeutic restrictive status housing program has the potential to improve the future behavior of program graduates; however, future research is needed to build upon these findings.
Work–Life and Well-Being in U.K. Therapeutic Prison Officers: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Walker Emma J. , Egan Helen H. , Jackson Craig A. , Tonkin Matthew
Published: June 2018

Previous research has clearly demonstrated the positive impact of therapeutic interventions on offenders’ well-being. Much less is known about the impact on prison staff facilitating and delivering such interventions. We employed qualitative methodology to capture a deeper understanding of the work of therapeutic prison officers. Seven prison officers working in a U.K. Category B therapeutic community prison were interviewed about their working lives, including their own participation in therapy. Following a thematic analysis approach, key findings indicated that the physical and cultural work environment was very important to staff; the therapeutic element of their job role, although demanding, was both satisfying and rewarding; and that working in a therapeutic prison environment provided the opportunity for personal as well as professional development. We conclude that further attention should be given to the unique nature of therapeutic prison work and the positive impact it can have on well-being at work.
Long-Term Effectiveness of a Brief Restorative Justice Intervention
Authors: Kennedy Joseph L. D. , Tuliao Antover P. , Flower KayLee N. , Tibbs Jessie J. , McChargue Dennis E.
Published: June 2018

This research investigated the effectiveness of a brief Restorative Justice Intervention. Probationers who attended a Restorative Justice Intervention ( n = 383) were compared with probationers receiving treatment as usual ( n = 130) over a 2- to 6-year follow-up period. The proportion of individuals who recidivated in the control condition ( n = 89, 68.46%) were higher compared with those who recidivated in the intervention condition ( n = 127, 33.16%; z = 7.04, p < .001). In addition, among those who recidivated, those in the intervention condition did so less frequently. Qualitative analyses from a postintervention course evaluation given only to the intervention condition showed that 50% of probationers acknowledged an empathic understanding associated with participation. This brief intervention has a positive multilevel impact on restorative justice. Implications of these effects are discussed.
Wind farm cooperative control for optimal power generation
Authors: Wang Fa , Garcia-Sanz Mario
Published: June 2018

The power generation of a wind farm depends on the efficiency of the individual wind turbines of the farm. In large wind farms, wind turbines usually affect each other aerodynamically at some specific wind directions. Previous studies suggest that a way to maximize the power generation of these wind farms is to reduce the generation of the first rows wind turbines to allow the next rows to generate more power (coordinated case). Yet, other studies indicate that the maximum generation of the wind farm is reached when every wind turbine works at its individual maximum power coefficient CPmax (individual case). This article studies this paradigm and proposes a practical method to evaluate when the wind farm needs to be controlled according to the individual or the coordinated case. The discussion is based on basic principles, numerical computations, and wind tunnel experiments.
Christian Education as Discipleship Formation
Authors: Cox William F. , Peck Robert A.
Published: June 2018

To be true to its name-sake, the academic focus of Christian education should be in service to discipleship, not vice versa. Only discipleship formation equips for the eternal transcendent issue of life. Christian discipleship expectations for home, church, and school settings are elaborated under seven biblical mandates: Dominion Mandate, populate the earth, self-governance, the First Greatest Commandment, the two parts of the Second Greatest Commandment (love self and love others), and the Great Commission.
Onabotulinumtoxin A (BOTOX®) for ProphylaCTIC Treatment of Pediatric Migraine: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Shah Shalini , Calderon Michael-David , Wu Wei Der , Grant Jihan , Rinehart Joseph
Published: June 2018

Background:

The use of onabotulinumtoxin A in the pediatric population has not been evaluated for chronic migraine in a longitudinal study. This retrospective study sought to determine the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxin A in prophylactic treatment of chronic migraine in the pediatric population.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively evaluated pediatric patients who had been treated with onabotulinumtoxin A in the outpatient pain clinic for chronic migraine. Demographic data and pre- and posttreatment migraine days (frequency), pain scores (intensity), and duration of migraine episodes were collected from patient records.

Results:

Ten patients were included. Median pretreatment to posttreatment headache frequency was 15.5 [8, 29.5] to 4 [2, 10] days/month ( P < .0001), durations were 8 [0, 24] to 1 [0, 7] hours ( P = .025), and intensity was 6 [4, 8] to 4 [2, 5] ( P = .0063). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

This review over a 5-year longitudinal period demonstrates statistically significant improvement from baseline.
Investigation on the influence of aerostatic pressure upon surface generation in flycutting
Authors: Deng Congying , An Chenhui , Wei Bo , Miao Jianguo
Published: June 2018

Single-point diamond flycutting is an important technology for cutting flat KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) crystals of large size. However, there always exist some undesirable waviness errors on the machined surface, which can directly reduce the optical performance of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. This article presents a kind of low-frequency waviness errors with wavelength about 26 mm along the feeding direction in single-point diamond flycutting, which has not been described yet. In order to find the main source of the mentioned waviness errors, the relationship between the displacement of the cutting tool and the aerostatic pressure was quantitatively studied for the first time. And then, surface simulation considering the aerostatic pressure fluctuations was carried out based on the relationship. Besides, a novel method that can achieve online submicron feeding along axial direction in single-point diamond flycutting without complex structure was proposed considering the spindle motion errors, the spindle dynamic characteristics and the aerostatic pressure. The experimental results validate that the mentioned waviness errors are mainly generated by the bolt stretched phenomenon and deformation of the big disk flycutting head due to the aerostatic pressure fluctuations. And the proposed method can achieve a cutting depth of about 120 nm when the aerostatic pressure increases from 0.52 to 0.56 MPa, which can reduce the cutting force and is beneficial for the performance of single-point diamond flycutting.
A novel minimum-time feedrate schedule method for five-axis sculpture surface machining with kinematic and geometric constraints
Authors: Li Hai , Wang Wei , Li Qingzhao , Huang Pu
Published: June 2018

Currently, to satisfy the stringent requirements on the physical properties of sculptured surfaces, workpiece machining attempts to guarantee the level of machining accuracy while improving the efficiency as much as possible. Because of the characteristics of the sculptured surfaces, the machine tool is usually run at a lower feedrate to avoid large impact forces. However, this sacrifices machining time and still may not meet the requirements. This article presents a novel minimum-time feedrate schedule method to improve the machining efficiency for five-axis machining considering the surface characteristic constraints. First, the mapping relationship between the surface characteristic and the kinematical parameters is constructed by analyzing the following error on each axis. After that, the new constraint conditions on machine tool kinematics limitation and its continuity constraints are given to address changes in the curvature. Next, a new acceleration/deceleration feedrate schedule method is presented based on quintic feedrate smooth profile to minimize the impact force as much as possible. Thus, a novel minimum-time feedrate schedule based on the bidirectional feedrate schedule algorithm is proposed to improve machining efficiency while respecting various constraints. Finally, a sculptured surface with varied curvature is used to illustrate the significant reduction in processing time and improvement in surface quality in large curvature region after scheduling. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the machining efficiency while guaranteeing the machining accuracy.
Performance degradation monitoring based on data fusion method for in-service train pneumatic brake system
Authors: Zuo Jianyong , Ding Jingxian , Hu Wei , Han Fei , Zhang Lihua
Published: June 2018

In order to monitor the brake performance degradation state of the in-service train pneumatic brake system, a data fusion method based on data processing and correlation analysis is proposed in this paper. By using the principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process to analyze the historical on-board data of one subway line in China, five major indicators of the brake cylinder pressure curve based on seven principal signals are extracted, and the analytic hierarchy model of pneumatic brake system is established. Meanwhile, a standard brake cylinder pressure curve fast fitting tool programmed with MATLAB can realize the rapid curve fitting of historical on-board data under different vehicles, loads, and stations for a domestic subway line, and the algorithm has been validated by the normal and degradation data. By this way, the in-service train pneumatic brake performance degradation state is monitored through the deviation analysis between the standard curve and the fitting one. The method proposed in this paper is also suitable for the analysis of the pneumatic brake system performance of other rail transit trains.
Investigations to increase the failure load for joints in glass epoxy composites
Authors: Singh Kulwinder , Saini JS , Bhunia H , Singh Jaspreet
Published: June 2018

The present work aims to increase failure loads of pin joints through nanofillers and metal inserts. Pin joints were prepared from woven glass fiber-reinforced laminates with nanoclay as filler material along with metal inserts fitted in holes. To investigate the effect of nanoclay content, 1–5 wt.% of nanoclay was mixed in epoxy. The increase in tensile strength up to 3 wt.% of nanoclay was observed which was due to increase in the specific surface area of the nanocomposite material. Dispersed nanoclay filler particles act as mechanical interlocking between fiber and epoxy matrix which creates a high friction coefficient. The optimal nanoclay content of 3 wt.% was finally used to prepare nanocomposite laminates. The geometric parameters, i.e. edge distance to hole diameter (E/D) ratio and width to hole diameter (W/D) ratio were varied from 2 to 5 and 3 to 6, respectively. Progressive damage analysis along with Hashin failure criteria was performed to predict failure loads and failure modes in pin joints, numerically. Metal inserts reduced the stress concentration around the hole and redistributed stresses at the pin/hole interface, which eventually increased the ultimate failure load of the joint.
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Co-creation
Authors: Rock Jenny , McGuire Mark , Rogers Alexandra
Published: June 2018

With its conceptual origins in marketing, design, and education, co-creation also has analogues in the fields of science and museology. Reviewing its development in these different disciplines highlights some common challenges (e.g., power relations) and benefits (e.g., joint knowledge production, critical thinking, and shared investment). Aligning this overview with conceptual models such as Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation and Bakhtin’s carnival theory we aim to further inform the development of co-creation broadly within science communication.