bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analytic cognitive framework of nudge and sludge
Authors: Luo Yu , Li Andrew , Soman Dilip , Zhao Jiaying
Published: May 2021

Public and private institutions have gained traction in developing interventions to alter people’s behaviors in predictable ways without limiting the freedom of choice or significantly changing the incentive structure. A nudge is designed to facilitate actions by minimizing friction, while a sludge is an intervention that inhibits actions by increasing friction, but the underlying cognitive mechanisms behind these interventions remain largely unknown. Here, we develop a novel cognitive framework by organizing these interventions along six cognitive processes: attention, perception, memory, effort, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. In addition, we conduct a meta-analysis of field experiments (i.e., randomized controlled trials) that contained real behavioral measures (n=184 papers, k=184 observations, N=2,191,951 participants) from 2008 to 2021 to examine the effect size of these interventions targeting each cognitive process. Our findings demonstrate that interventions changing effort are more effective than interventions changing intrinsic motivation, and nudge and sludge interventions had similar effect sizes. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution due to a potential publication bias. This new meta-analytic framework provides cognitive principles for organizing nudge and sludge with corresponding behavioral impacts. The insights gained from this framework help inform the design and development of future interventions based on cognitive insights.
Extensive Audio-motor Experience Can Calibrate The Egocentric Space In Early Blindness
Authors: Esposito Davide , Bollini Alice , Gori Monica
Published: May 2021

Combining and integrating cues from different sensory channels is fundamental in developing a spatial representation of the environment. In the sighted population, the visual channel is essential in the spatial representation calibration; indeed, blind individuals show some impairments. One may compensate the vision loss to some degree by exploiting the associations between a movement and the consequent change in perceived auditory scene, known as audio-motor contingencies. The compensation extent is unclear, but evidence suggests that it depends on the amount of both visual and motor experience.To quantify the extent of audio-motor compensation in relation to motor and audio-motor experience, we tested the spatial representation skills of a long-experienced early blind 5-a-side football player. We focused on auditory localization performance and sensitivity to an audio-motor contingency alteration. The study compared the player to groups of early blind (audio-motor experience without specific training) and sighted blindfolded people. We also tested an additional early blind individual without extensive audio-motor experience but who lost vision at an older age than the player, to control the effect of early visual experience alone.Participants were tested on a set of steering tasks in auditory virtual reality (VR). In such tasks, participants would rotate a flying arrow towards an acoustic target. Rotations of the head or trunk controlled the arrow trajectory. Additionally, in some conditions, the relationship between movement and change of acoustic perceptual scene was altered to expose the participants’ sensitivity to the audio-motor contingency alteration.The early blind player performance was analyzed with classical univariate single-case statistics and a multivariate support vector machine classifier. Univariate analyses suggested that the early blind player’s trunk motion is early blind-like. However, the multivariate classifier interpreted his overall performance as that of a sighted individual. The multivariate classifier labelled the visually experienced early blind's overall performance as early blind-like. We concluded that extensive audio-motor experience could compensate for early vision loss for what concerns the sensitivity to audio-motor contingency alterations. These results support the idea that adapted sports for visually impaired people are useful to improve their spatial representation and, consequently, their quality of life.
Testing both affordability-availability and psychological-coping mechanisms underlying changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: McBride Orla , Bunting Eimhear , Harkin Oisín , Butter Sarah , Shevlin Mark , Murphy Jamie , Mason Liam , Hartman Todd K. , McKay Ryan , Hyland Philip , Levita Liat , Gibson Miller Jilly , Bennett Kate Mary , Stocks Thomas Victor Arthur , Martinez Anton Philipp , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard
Published: May 2021

Background: Two theoretical perspectives have been proffered to explain changes in alcohol use during the pandemic: the ‘affordability-availability’ mechanism (i.e., drinking decreases due to changes in physical availability and/or reduced disposable income) and the ‘psychological-coping’ mechanism (i.e., drinking increases as adults attempt to cope with pandemic-related distress). Methods: We tested these alternative perspectives via longitudinal analyses of the COVID-19 Psychological Consortium (C19PRC) Study data (spanning three timepoint during March to July 2020). Respondents provided data on psychological measures (e.g., anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, paranoia, extraversion, neuroticism, death anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, resilience), changes in socio-economic circumstances (e.g., income loss, reduced working hours), drinking motives, solitary drinking, and ‘at-risk’ drinking (assessed using a modified version of the AUDIT-C). Structural equation modelling was used to determine (i) whether ‘at-risk’ drinking during the pandemic differed from that recalled before the pandemic, (ii) dimensions of drinking motives and the psychosocial correlates of these dimensions, (iii) if increased alcohol consumption was predicted by drinking motives, solitary drinking, and socio-economic changes. Results: The proportion of adults who recalled engaging in ‘at-risk’ drinking decreased significantly from 35.9% pre-pandemic to 32.0% during the pandemic. Drinking to cope was uniquely predicted by experiences of anxiety and/or depression and low resilience levels. Income loss or reduced working hours were not associated with coping, social enhancement, or conformity drinking motives, nor changes in drinking during lockdown. Conclusions: In the earliest stage of the pandemic, psychological-coping mechanisms may have been a stronger driver to changes in adults’ alcohol use than ‘affordability-availability’ alone.
Roles of Family Stress, Maltreatment, and Affect Regulation Difficulties on Adolescent Mental Health During COVID-19
Authors: Craig Stephanie , Robillard Christina Lauren , Turner Brianna , Ames Megan E.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study examines the indirect effect of affect dysregulation and suppression on the associations between family stress from confinement, maltreatment, and adolescent mental health during COVID-19. We examined both adolescent and caregiver perspectives to yield a more well-rounded understanding of these associations. Methods: Using both adolescent (N = 809, Mage = 15.66) and caregiver (N = 578) samples, exposure to physical and psychological maltreatment, family stress from confinement, affect dysregulation, suppression, and youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms were measured in the summer of 2020, following three months of stay at home orders due to COVID-19. Results: We found that affect dysregulation partially accounted for the associations between family stress and psychological maltreatment on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms for youth and parent report. Suppression partially accounted for the associations between family stress and maltreatment on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the youth sample, but only for internalizing symptoms in the caregiver sample. Conclusion: Understanding the family predictors of adolescents’ mental health concerns, and their underlying mechanisms, affect dysregulation and suppression, can help us target mental health interventions during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Implemetation of a referential framework to evaluate the sustainable development of family farmers in the Southeast of Uruguay
Authors: Marques Berrutti Marcela , Álvarez Jorge , Sposito Victor , Rodríguez Norberto
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to explore means of evaluating a co-innovation and interinstitutional project for the sustainable development of family farmers in the Southeast of Uruguay (named FPTA 343) in order to finally implement an Evaluation Monitoring Framework (EMF) for assessing the accomplishment of the main actors’ aims. Data arose primarily from diagnoses of the social, technical and economic situation in the region, and interaction activities with farmers in the local groups, institutions and technicians (through interviews and workshops). Results demonstrated it is possible to adapt and implement an EMF, including the following steps: 1. Describing the region or formulating the problem, including values of the actors involved. 2. Discussing boundaries using multiple methodologies and theories (especially some that allow to explore sources of motivation, power, knowledge and legitimacy), and planning for rural sustainable development, considering the principles of “endogeneity”. Actors were able to actively participate by getting involved in the follow-up and evaluation of the project. The generation of shared spaces of dialogue is considered a starting point for the promotion of actions, contributing to farmers feeling subjects of the development to be encouraged, preventing identified issues of marginalisation and increasing their chances of sustainability. The most important contribution of this research is the creation of new ties, patterns and expectations, as well as the communication of new ways of appreciating extension, that could lead the generation of new purposes and goals.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Penyiapan Peta Kerja Untuk Mendukung Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (Studi Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Karanganyar)
Authors: Kusyaeri Achmad , Suyudi Bambang , Martanto Rochmat
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Complete Systematic Land Registration/ Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) is a land registration program in Indonesia which is targeted to be completed in 2025. The availability of a working map is an initial requirement in the preparation of PTSL implementation. The implementation of PTSL 2018 in Karanganyar Regency targeted to register 35,195 parcels of land. The registration map can be used as a reference for making PTSL Working Maps. Collecting physical data and identifying land parcels can be carried out by the community. This study aimed to (1) find the community participation in preparing working maps at the Land Office of Karanganyar Regency, and (2) know the use of working maps. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to describe and examine the making of a working map. The results of this study showed that the community provided the PBB, DHKP, and CSRT maps in 2014 that used as a basic source for the development of the current PTSL map. Working maps used in mapping a complete village.Keyword: community participation, work map, PTSL. Intisari: Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL), merupakan program pemerintah dalam penyelesaian pendaftaran tanah di seluruh indonesia yang akan diselesai pada tahun 2025. Ketersediaan peta kerja merupakan proses awal dalam persiapan pelaksanaan PTSL. Kabupaten Karanganyar dalam program PTSL 2018 menargetkan 35.195 bidang tanah terdaftar. Ketersediaan infrastruktur berupa peta dasar pendaftaran dapat jadi acuan pembuatan Peta Kerja PTSL. Optimalisasi dan simplikasi pelaksanaan kegiatan PTSL dalam pengumpulan data fisik dan indentifikasi bidang-bidang tanah dapat mengoptimalkan partisipasi masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui bentuk partsipasi masyarakat dalam penyiapan peta kerja di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Karanganyar; (2) mengetahui pemanfaatan peta kerja. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, guna menggambarkan dan mengkaji setiap proses penyiapan peta kerja. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk dari partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyiapan peta kerja dalam bentuk sumbangan materi berupa barang peta PBB, DHKP dan CSRT yang dijadikan sumber data pembangunan peta dasar pendaftaran yang selesai pada tahun 2014 dan dijadikan acuan peta kerja PTSL saat ini. Pemanfaatan peta kerja digunakan sebagai pemetaan desa lengkap.Kata Kunci: partisipasi masyarakat, peta kerja, PTSL
RECONSTRUYENDO LA DIFERENCIA DE CAMINO ÓPTICO DE UN INTERFEROGRAMA REAL DEGRADADO POR RUIDO MEDIANTE LA SOLUCIÓN DE DIFERENTES PROBLEMAS DE OPTIMIZACIÓN
Authors: Sánchez Escobar Juan Jaime , Barbosa Santillán Liliana Ibeth , Ramos Jorge Castro , Barbosa Santillán Luis Francisco
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta un estudio numérico comparativo que demuestra la factibilidad de la optimización estocástica (OE) para reconstruir la diferencia de camino óptico (DCO) a partir de un interferograma real degradado por ruido, ya sea por la maximización del coeficiente de correlación o por la minimización de la distancia euclidiana donde la optimización conseguida para cada función objetivo corresponde a la solución más cercana al óptimo global, sin ser dominada por un óptimo local. Con la finalidad de mostrar la eficacia de diferentes algoritmos de OE, inspirados en cómputo evolutivo, nosotros proponemos una solución al problema de maximización mediante el uso de un algoritmo genético no convencional de búsqueda multidireccional con las aberraciones primarias descritas por Kingslake, mientras que para la solución del problema de minimización se propone una estrategia evolutiva no convencional de búsqueda local con los polinomios de Zernike. Los resultados numéricos muestran la sencillez, robustez y precisión de ambos algoritmos de optimización para calcular sus correspondientes coeficientes de aberración. De esta forma, este trabajo ofrece una oportunidad idónea para integrar las habilidades adquiridas por los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias e ingeniería en materias como metrología óptica interferométrica, métodos numéricos y programación con el propósito de realizar análisis de interferogramas.
Unnatural Pumas and Domestic Foxes: Relations with Protected Predators and Conspiratorial Rumours in Southern Chile
Authors: Benavides Pelayo , Caviedes Julián
Published: May 2021

Human–wildlife conflicts involving protected predators are a major social and environmental problem worldwide. A critical aspect in such conflicts is the role of state institutions regarding predators’ conservation, and how this is construed by affected local populations. These interpretations are frequently embodied in conspiratorial rumours, sharing some common traits related to wild and domestic categories, spatial ordering and power relations. In southern Chile, a one-year, multi-sited ethnographic study of human–animal relations in and adjacent to protected areas was undertaken, foregrounding conspiratorial rumours concerning protected predators. Through an analysis of this study and related international cases, this article argues that the uncritical dismissal of rumours and the categories used to interpret such conflicts have detrimental impacts on the conservation of wild predators. Such rumours should be understood as significant comment devices within human–animal relations and the power dynamics that frame human groups affected by them.
Platelet Count in Dengue Fever Patients
Authors: Meiriyani Niken
Published: May 2021

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, for example Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Patients who are infected will have symptoms in the form of a mild to high fever, accompanied by headaches, pain in the eyes, muscles and joints, and spontaneous bleeding. DHF in Indonesia, has become a public health problem for the last 45 years since 1968. These cases are spread across 33 provinces and in 436 districts / cities out of 497 districts / cities (88%) in Indonesia. The number of people with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) tends to increase. The laboratory chooses to use a blood cell counter or a hematology analyzer to count the patient's blood cell count. The results of laboratory examinations with platelet counts in dengue fever patients were obtained 19 (14.84%) samples of patients with platelets d below 100,000 per micrometer (mcL) from 128 patients from January to March 2019. With 2 days of fever patients were 44 people. , 37 patients had fever for 4 days, and 5 fever patients were 47, in normal numbers and brought to a normal range of 150,000-400,000/ mmᶾ.
FACTORS WATER CHARACTERISTIC AS PREDICTING DIARRHEA UNDER 5 YEARS
Authors: Susanto Nugroho
Published: May 2021

Risk Factors diarrhea deaths associated to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation. Water supply is very important to decrease of diarrhea disease. Living around canalÂ is a one of risk diarrheaÂ incident. Improved water sanitation, water facilities, and hygiene water decrease of diarrhea disease. Study aimsÂ to know dominant factor related water sanitation which is more appropriate than diarrhea in volcano area disaster. Study design used cross sectionalÂ community-based survey. Population and sample size were required 1142 household. Data collected such as sufficient of water source, water colored, smelly water, taste water, water cooked, distance of absorption. DataÂ wereÂ analyzed performed using SPSS. Data analysis performed a descriptive analysis, statistic test with chi square and logistic regression with confidence interval 95%. Study that sufficient of water 97.2%, no water colored 98.4%, no smelly water (95.3%), no taste water 95.4%, water cooked 98.2%, distance of absorption more than 11 meter 78%.Â Risk factor for diarrhea such as taste water OR = 7.3 (3.7-14.4), smelly water OR = 6.9 (3.5-13.6) and distance of absorption OR = 3.4 (2.0-5.7). Factor highest contribution for diarrhea is distance absorption (Exp Î² = 1.70 CI; 1.701-4.906). Distance absorption less than 11 meters is main factor contributing for diarrhea.Â Factor dominant contribution for diarrheaÂ is distance of absorption less than 11 meter.
DETERMINANT OF PERSONAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOR OF ONLINE MOTORBIKE TAXI DRIVERS IN COVID 19 PREVENTION IN SEMARANG CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Widantari Sekar Putranti , Wahyuningsih Nur Endah , Dewanti Nikie Astorina Yunita
Published: May 2021

OnlineÂ motorcycle taxiÂ drivers areÂ at risk of contracting COVID-19 because they have a high frequency of contact with other people and objects that have the possibility of SARS-CoV 2 on their surface.Â This studyÂ aimsÂ to determine the determinants ofÂ personal hygieneÂ inÂ onlineÂ motorcycle taxiÂ driversÂ in an effort to preventÂ COVID-19 in the city of Semarang, which is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach.Â The sample in this study were 385Â driversÂ who were in theÂ onlineÂ motorcycle taxiÂ driverÂ communities on Facebook andÂ Twitter. The sampling technique uses a snowball, and the research instrument is a questionnaire distributed via google forms. Data analysis usingÂ Chi-Square Test. 89.4% of onlineÂ motorcycle taxiÂ drivers are male, 76.1% have low levels of education, 58.7% have low-income levels, 32.2% have poor knowledge, 46.2% haveÂ poorÂ attitudes, 48.3% had poor family support, 26.2% had poor peer support, 45.2% had poor information accessibility, and 47% hadÂ poorÂ personal hygieneÂ behavior. There is a relationship between knowledge (p-value less than 0.001) attitude (p-value less than 0.001Â ) and family support (p-value less than 0.001 ) with personal hygiene behavior. Knowledge becomes the most influential determinant of personal hygiene behavior. Providing an educational menu in the driverÂ applicationÂ can helpÂ to increase knowledge.
EVALUATION OF PRECEPTORSHIP AND MENTORSHIP CLINICAL LEARNING METHOD ON NURSING STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING IN PROVIDING NURSING CARE IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Lestari Kurniati Puji , Jauhar Muhamad , Puspitaningrum Ike , Shobirun Shobirun , Sriningsih Iis
Published: May 2021

The demand for high-quality health services is increasing. It motivates nurses to utilize the best evidence in making decisions.Â Professional nurses were born from an excellent education. PreceptorshipÂ and mentorship clinical learning methods are expected to be able to answer these demands. This study aims to identify the effect of preceptorship and mentorship methods on students' critical thinking skills. The study design applies a quasi-experimental type pretest and post-test with a control group. Twenty-six students were examined as respondents for each intervention and control group, using a purposive sampling technique. The survey took place at a teaching hospital in Semarang, using a student-evidence-based practice questionnaire (validity 0.584-0.904; reliability 0.821) developed by Upton et al.in 2014. Â The intervention duringÂ three weeks with the training stages of clinical advisors, clinical guidance, internalization, and evaluation. Univariate data analysis is described by frequency and percentage (categorical) and mean and SD (numerical). Bivariate data analysis using a paired t-test and independent t-test. There was a significant effect of the preceptorship and mentorship methods on students' thinking abilities (p-value = 0.006). Integrated academic and clinical learning could form critical thinking skills among students. Educational institutions play a role in providing training for clinical instructors oriented to improving the ability of students to provide scientific evidence-based nursing care. The clinical instructors are responsible for improving students' critical thinking skills through preceptorship and mentorship learning methods.
RADIATION DOSE AND ANATOMICAL INFORMATION IN SACRUM BONE EXAMINATION WITH AP AND AXIAL AP PROJECTIONS
Authors: Indrati Rini , Daryati Siti , Kartikasari Dewi , Mulyati Sri , Jannah Marichatul
Published: May 2021

The projections for the sacrum are axial anteroposterior with the beam 15 degrees toward the cephalad, and axial posteroanterior in the direction of the beam 15 degrees caudally. Some practitioners take steps to examine the sacrum with AP projections in a perpendicular beam direction. Around the sacrum are reproductive organs that are sensitive to radiation, so it is necessary to select the right projection to reduce the radiation dose and show clear anatomical information. This study aims to determine the projection of an examination that produces clear anatomical information at a minimal dose. This is an experimental study with one shot post-test only. Samples in the form of radiographs were obtained from perpendicular AP and axial AP projections assessed by radiologists regarding the clarity of anatomical information. The radiation dose was measured using TLD on the ovaries and gonads. Data were analyzed by t-test and Wilcoxon test with an error level of 5%. The AP axial projection shows better anatomical information than the perpendicular AP projection. The axial AP projection shows a smaller dose of the ovaries and gonads. There is a difference in anatomical information between AP and axial AP projections with a p-value = 0.017. There was a difference in radiation dose between AP and axial AP projections on the right ovary (p-value = 0.002), left ovary (p-value less than 0.001) and gonads (p-value = 0.008).
Evaluation of pediatric patients presenting with vertigo
Authors: KIRIK Serkan , ÖZGÖR Bilge , ÖZKARS Mehmet Yaşar
Published: May 2021

Objective: Vertigo in children is a less studied subject than that in the adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical characteristics of children presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic with vertigo. Methods: Fourty children were enrolled. The patients digital medical datas analyzed retrospectively. The study included all patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital and Aydın Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic between July 2017 and July 2020. Results: In our study, 40 patients with a mean age of vertigo onset between 2 years and 17 years were evaluated. The most common complaints accompanying vertigo were headache (57.5%) and nausea (35%). The most commonly detected clinical cause of vertigo was migraine associated vertigo (MAV) (n=18); twelve patients had psychogenic vertigo, 3 patients had orthostatic hypotension (OH), and 7 patients had BCPV. While the most common cause of vertigo among children under the age of 6 was BCPV, MAV was the most common etiology among children above the age of 6. It was observed that headache more commonly accompanied vertigo in patients with MAV (p
Ulcerative colitis may be a risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: YOZGAT Ahmet , GÜRLER Müjgan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, idiopathic, relapsing, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal system, which includes two different diseases, namely ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD). Inner ear involvement of IBD, which causes sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is acute and bilateral and arises in a short period of weeks to months in the active period of the disease.

Methods: The present study included 53 IBD patients and 20 healthy control patients who were followed up in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital between January and May 2020 and accepted to participate in the study. Tympanometry, otoscopy, and audiometry examinations were performed.

Results: There was no significant difference in terms of gender and age between the IBD and control groups. While there was no significant difference in air and bone conduction in both ears in patients with CD, there was a significant difference between both conductions in UC (p: 0.0001 in the left ear, p: 0.004 in the right ear). SNHL was detected in 45.2% (n:14) of UC patients and 13.6% (n:3) of CD patients in audiometry. Three of our UC patients had moderate, one had moderately severe, and one had profound hearing loss.

Conclusion: SNHL has been detected in a significant number of UC patients. Also, the hearing functions deteriorate significantly as the age of the patients and the duration of the disease increases. It should be recommended to evaluate UC patients over 40 years of age and with the long-term disease for SNHL.
A relationship between musculoskeletal pain and prognosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: DEMİREL Esra , ŞAHİN Ali , UTLU Mustafa , ÇEPNİ Şahin , VEİZİ Enejd , YAVUZ VEİZİ Betül Gülsüm
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Musculoskeletal system complaints are often encountered in patients with Covid-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of symptoms such as arthralgia, myalgia, and arthritis in hospitalized patients and their relationship with the final prognosis.

Methods: Complaints related to myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis-like symptoms, laboratory parameters, VAS scores and localized painful areas of 154 hospitalized patients who were treated with a COVID-19 diagnosis were recorded on admission and during their hospitalization period. The relationship between these clinical and laboratory data and the duration of hospital stays, need for intensive care and death-recovery states was evaluated.

Results: Of 154 cases, 45.5% (n=70) were female, 71.4% (n=110) had myalgia while 55.8% (n=86) had arthralgia. Mean VAS value was 6.39±2.04. The most commonly reported painful locations were dorsum in 68.2% (n=75) and chest in 63.6% (n=70) of the patients. The death rate was significantly higher in patients with dorsum pain. 25-0H-Vitamin D levels did not have a significant effect on the prognosis and in terms of needing intensive care.

Conclusion: Myalgia and arthralgia are present in a significant part of patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. Pain localized in the chest and dorsum area is associated with bad prognosis.
Preoperative and intraoperative factors affecting mortality in patients operated on for peptic ulcer perforation: a single center retrospective study
Authors: ŞENLİKCİ Abdullah , KOŞMAZ Koray , DURHAN Abdullah , MERCAN Ümit , SÜLEYMAN Marlen
Published: May 2021

Aim: Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is currently the most common complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which requires surgery. Mortality and morbidity rates are high after surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors affecting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing surgery due to peptic ulcer perforation.

Methods: The study included 135 patients diagnosed and operated on because of PUP in the general surgery clinic between February 2015 and January 2020. Evaluations were made of the relationships between mortality and age, gender, ASA scores, season of surgery, preoperative leukocyte, preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), preoperative creatinine and amylase values, location and diameter of the perforation, comorbid diseases, onset of pain and time of surgery.

Results: Advanced age, male gender, high ASA score, >12 hours between the onset of the symptoms and the time of surgery, and high creatinine, NLR and amylase values before surgery, ulcer diameter >1 cm and comorbid diseases were associated with mortality. No relationship was found between the location of the ulcer and leukocyte values at the time of admission and mortality.

Conclusion: Advanced age, male gender, high ASA score, >12 hours between the onset of symptoms and the time of surgery, and high preoperative creatinine, NLR and amylase values, ulcer diameter >1 cm and comorbid diseases are risk factors for mortality in peptic ulcer perforation. Understanding these factors, identifying patients at risk, and early intervention can help reduce mortality in PUP.
The Registry Data Warehouse in the European Reference Network for Rare Respiratory Diseases – Background, Conception and Implementation
Authors: Schaaf Jannik , Chalmers James , Omran Heymut , Pennekamp Petra , Sitbon Olivier , Wagner Thomas O.F. , Reis Abilio , Kadioglu Dennis , Storf Holger
Published: May 2021

Rare lung diseases affect 1.5–3 million people in Europe while causing bad prognosis or early deaths for patients. The European Reference Network for Respiratory Diseases (ERN-Lung) is a patient centric network, funded by the European Union (EU). The aims of ERN-LUNG is to increase healthcare and research regarding rare respiratory diseases. An initial need for cross-border healthcare and research is the use of registries and databases. A typical problem in registries for RDs is the data exchange, since the registries use different kind of data with different types or descriptions. Therefore, ERN-Lung decided to create a new Registry Data-Warehouse (RDW) where different existing registries are connected to enable cross-border healthcare within ERN-Lung. This work facilitates the aims, conception and implementation for the RDW, while considering a semantic interoperability approach. We created a common dataset (CDS) to have a common descriptions of respiratory diseases patients within the ERN registries. We further developed the RDW based on Open Source Registry System for Rare Diseases (OSSE), which includes a Metadata Repository with the Samply.MDR to unique describe data for the minimal dataset. Within the RDW, data from existing registries is not stored in a central database. The RDW uses the approach of the “Decentral Search” and can send requests to the connected registries, whereas only aggregated data is returned about how many patients with specific characteristics are available. However, further work is needed to connect the different existing registries to the RDW and to perform first studies.
Accessing OMOP Common Data Model Repositories with the i2b2 Webclient – Algorithm for Automatic Query Translation
Authors: Majeed Raphael W. , Fischer Patrick , Günther Andreas
Published: May 2021

In the era of translational research, data integration and clinical data warehouses are important enabling technologies for clinical researchers. The OMOP common data model is a wide-spread choice as a target for data integration in medical informatics. It’s portability of queries and analyses across different institutions and data are ideal also from the viewpoint of the FAIR principles. Yet, the OMOP CDM lacks a simple and intuitive user interface for untrained users to run simple queries for feasibility analysis. Aim of this study is to provide an algorithm to translate any given i2b2 query to an equivalent query which can then be run on the OMOP CDM database. The provided algorithm is able to convert queries created in the i2b2 webclient to SQL statements which can be executed on a standard OMOP CDM database programmatically.
Inter-Rater Reliability of Unstructured Text Labeling: Artificially vs. Naturally Intelligent Approaches
Authors: Danilov Gleb , Kosyrkova Alexandra , Shults Maria , Melchenko Semen , Tsukanova Tatyana , Shifrin Michael , Potapov Alexander
Published: May 2021

Unstructured medical text labeling technologies are expected to be highly demanded since the interest in artificial intelligence and natural language processing arises in the medical domain. Our study aimed to assess the agreement between experts who judged on the fact of pulmonary embolism (PE) in neurosurgical cases retrospectively based on electronic health records and assess the utility of the machine learning approach to automate this process. We observed a moderate agreement between 3 independent raters on PE detection (Light’s kappa = 0.568, p = 0). Labeling sentences with the method we proposed earlier might improve the machine learning results (accuracy = 0.97, ROC AUC = 0.98) even in those cases that could not be agreed between 3 independent raters. Medical text labeling techniques might be more efficient when strict rules and semi-automated approaches are implemented. Machine learning might be a good option for unstructured text labeling when the reliability of textual data is properly addressed. This project was supported by the RFBR grant 18-29-22085.
Defining a Reference Architecture for Transformed Health Ecosystems
Authors: Blobel Bernd , Rubin Kenneth
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses requirements and solutions for design and management of transformed health ecosystems. After introducing related definitions with reference to the transformation of health to P5 medicine, basics on systems, knowledge representation and management as well as system development processes and their formal representation/modelling from the perspectives of systems theory, theory of knowledge, languages and grammars are considered in some detail. As result, the ISO 23903 reference architecture is shortly introduced and compared with other existing approaches and standards.
Automatic Generation of German Translation Candidates for SNOMED CT Textual Descriptions
Authors: Prunotto Andrea , Schulz Stefan , Boeker Martin
Published: May 2021

We present an approach called MTP (multiple translation paths) aiming at assisting human translation in SNOMED CT localisation projects based on free, web-based machine translation tools. For a chosen target language, MTP generates a scored output of translation candidates (TCs) for each input concept. This paper describes the basic idea of MTP, the distribution of its output TCs and discusses typical examples with German as target language. The MTP approach capitalises on combinatorial growth by the combination of input languages, support languages, and translation engines. We applied MTP on the SNOMED CT Starter Set, using Google Translator, DeepL and Systran, together with the four source languages English, Spanish, Swedish and French, and Danish, Dutch, Norwegian, Italian, Portuguese, Polish and Russian as support languages. The descriptive assessment of TC variety, together with an analysis of typical results is the focus of this paper. MTP defines, for each input concept, TPs by the combination of input languages, support languages and translation engines, resulting in 91 translation results with various degrees of co-incidence (cardinality). The most configurations produce an average number of TCs indicating that the same TC is often derived via different translation paths. Combinations of translation engines result in distributions with a higher number of distinct TCs per concept. We present work in progress on using machine translation (MT) for terminology translation, by leveraging several free MT tools fed by different languages and language combinations. A first qualitative analysis was promising and supports our hypothesis that a majority voting applied to many translation candidates yields higher quality results than from one single engine and input language.
Visual Comparison of Guidelines: Method and Application to Potentially Inappropriate Medication Lists
Authors: Mouazer Abdelmalek , Sedki Karima , Tsopra Rosy , Lamy Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2021

Therapeutic guidelines developed by experts are essential tools for improving therapy and drug prescription. Several guidelines often exist that target the same patient, from different organizations and countries. The case of lists for the detection of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is an example which illustrates how these guidelines can be varied and multiple. In order to have an overview to the divergences and similarities between different lists of PIMs, we propose a visual method to compare PIMs lists, based on set visualization, and we apply it to 5 guidelines.
Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality from Administrative Data: A Sequential Pattern Mining Approach
Authors: Pinaire Jessica , Chabert Etienne , Azé Jérôme , Bringay Sandra , Poncelet Pascal , Landais Paul
Published: May 2021

Study of trajectory of care is attractive for predicting medical outcome. Models based on machine learning (ML) techniques have proven their efficiency for sequence prediction modeling compared to other models. Introducing pattern mining techniques contributed to reduce model complexity. In this respect, we explored methods for medical events’ prediction based on the extraction of sets of relevant event sequences of a national hospital discharge database. It is illustrated to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We mined sequential patterns from the French Hospital Discharge Database. We compared several predictive models using a text string distance to measure the similarity between patients’ patterns of care. We computed combinations of similarity measurements and ML models commonly used. A Support Vector Machine model coupled with edit-based distance appeared as the most effective model. Indeed discrimination ranged from 0.71 to 0.99, together with a good overall accuracy. Thus, sequential patterns mining appear motivating for event prediction in medical settings as described here for ACS.
OCRx: Canadian Drug Ontology
Authors: Nikiema Jean Noel , Liang Man Qing , Després Philippe , Motulsky Aude
Published: May 2021

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a Canadian drug ontology (OCRx), built to provide a normalized and standardized description of drugs that are authorized to be marketed in Canada. OCRx aims to improve the usability and interoperability of drugs terminologies for a non-ambiguous access to drugs information that is available in electronic health record systems. We present the first release of OCRx that is described in Web Ontology Language and aligned to the Identification of Medicinal Product (IDMP) standards. For comparison purposes, OCRx is mapped to RxNorm, its US variant.
Using Knowledge Graphs to Plausibly Infer Missing Associations in EMR Data
Authors: Van Woensel William , Armstrong Chad , Rajaratnam Malavan , Gupta Vaibhav , Abidi Syed Sibte Raza
Published: May 2021

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are increasingly being deployed at primary points of care and clinics for digital record keeping, increasing productivity and improving communication. In practice, however, there still exists an often incomplete picture of patient profiles, not only because of disconnected EMR systems but also due to incomplete EMR data entry – often caused by clinician time constraints and lack of data entry restrictions. To complete a patient’s partial EMR data, we plausibly infer missing causal associations between medical EMR concepts, such as diagnoses and treatments, for situations that lack sufficient raw data to enable machine learning methods. We follow a knowledge-based approach, where we leverage open medical knowledge sources such as SNOMED-CT and ICD, combined with knowledge-based reasoning with explainable inferences, to infer clinical encounter information from incomplete medical records. To bootstrap this process, we apply a semantic Extract-Transform-Load process to convert an EMR database into an enriched domain-specific Knowledge Graph.
DeIDNER Corpus: Annotation of Clinical Discharge Summary Notes for Named Entity Recognition Using BRAT Tool
Authors: Syed Mahanazuddin , Al-Shukri Shaymaa , Syed Shorabuddin , Sexton Kevin , Greer Melody L. , Zozus Meredith , Bhattacharyya Sudeepa , Prior Fred
Published: May 2021

Named Entity Recognition (NER) aims to identify and classify entities into predefined categories is a critical pre-processing task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipeline. Readily available off-the-shelf NER algorithms or programs are trained on a general corpus and often need to be retrained when applied on a different domain. The end model’s performance depends on the quality of named entities generated by these NER models used in the NLP task. To improve NER model accuracy, researchers build domain-specific corpora for both model training and evaluation. However, in the clinical domain, there is a dearth of training data because of privacy reasons, forcing many studies to use NER models that are trained in the non-clinical domain to generate NER feature-set. Thus, influencing the performance of the downstream NLP tasks like information extraction and de-identification. In this paper, our objective is to create a high quality annotated clinical corpus for training NER models that can be easily generalizable and can be used in a downstream de-identification task to generate named entities feature-set.
Supporting Healthcare Integration of Refugees Exploiting Reusable Learning Objects: The ASPIRE Framework
Authors: Dratsiou Ioanna , Varella Annita , Stathakarou Natalia , Konstantinidis Stathis , Bamidis Panagiotis
Published: May 2021

The significant increase of refugees’ migration has demonstrated an overwhelming need for their access and integration to healthcare systems. E-learning, especially in the form of experiential digital learning, has been highlighted as an important ally in supporting refugees’ health needs. This paper aims to discuss the design and development process of Reusable Learning Objects (RLOs) to enhance digital health applications for refugees and integrate them to healthcare systems. The participatory approach based on the “ASPIRE” framework was followed. Using the “ASPIRE” process, 9 stakeholders were involved in the first phase of the development process, where a co-creation storyboarding workshop was held in Greece by the Medical Physics Laboratory of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Essential qualitative and quantitative feedback was collected from stakeholders through an online questionnaire administered in Google Forms. Overall, enlightening ideas were expressed and all stakeholders commented positively on the value and efficacy of the workshop.
GIS Identifies Elderly Healthcare Centre Future Planning: A Case Study of Local Areas in Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Turnbull Niruwan , Som-Ad Jaturong , Suwanlee Savitree Ratanaopad , Wongkongdech Adisorn
Published: May 2021

Spatial density measures are an important tool for future healthcare planning, particularly in Northeast Thailand where the ageing population has rapidly increased for a decade. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of geographic and elderly population density in Chiang Yuen district, Mahasarakham province, to ascertain suitable areas for elderly healthcare centres. The data of the elderly located in the villages were collected by the Global Position System (GPS) using Kernel density method to employ the analysis of population density, and GIS for healthcare mapping, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as multiple criteria decision-making tools. Factors were determined by using the overlay analysis method, where social, physical and economic factors were variables of interest that were used for the analysis of suitable areas for Elderly Healthcare Centres. The results revealed that the spatial density of the elderly population could be divided into four levels: Low density for the agriculture areas, medium density for agricultural areas including small villages. High density for the areas near communities and public area services and highest density for the centre of towns. The most suitable area was an area with many elderly inhabitants in the community, near transportation routes including main highways leading to other areas. In conclusion, the results confirmed that the density of elderly and proximity to both local stores and transport would make the lower part of Chiang Yuen Sub-district a suitable area to establish a healthcare centre for the elderly, therefore, the authorities and stakeholders should recognise this in planning.
Classification of Failures in the Perception of Conversational Agents (CAs) and Their Implications on Patient Safety
Authors: Aftab Haris , Shah Syed Hammad Hussain , Habli Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

The use of Conversational agents (CAs) in healthcare is an emerging field. These CAs seem to be effective in accomplishing administrative tasks, e.g. providing locations of care facilities and scheduling appointments. Modern CAs use machine learning (ML) to recognize, understand and generate a response. Given the criticality of many healthcare settings, ML and other component errors may result in CA failures and may cause adverse effects on patients. Therefore, in-depth assurance is required before the deployment of ML in critical clinical applications, e.g. management of medication dose or medical diagnosis. CA safety issues could arise due to diverse causes, e.g. related to user interactions, environmental factors and ML errors. In this paper, we classify failures of perception (recognition and understanding) of CAs and their sources. We also present a case study of a CA used for calculating insulin dose for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. We then correlate identified perception failures of CAs to potential scenarios that might compromise patient safety.
An Online Tool to Inform and Educate Caregivers on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Giannaki Maria , Gallos Parisis , Liaskos Joseph , Zogas Spyros , Mantas John
Published: May 2021

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common Motor Neuron Disease. This paper presents the design, development, and evaluation of an online tool that provides information and training materials to caregivers about ALS, to promote health care and quality of life of patients. To collect the appropriate content, a literature review was conducted, and a Content Management System (CMS) was used for the development of the tool. For its evaluation, reliability, acceptance, effectiveness and usefulness were examined through semi-structured interviews. The online tool was positively evaluated by the caregivers, who participated in the evaluation process.