bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Circumplex Approach to Identify Complementarity in Dyadic Teacher Behaviors Depending on Student Communion and Competence
Authors: Frühauf Madita , Koeppen Karoline , Kreutzmann Madeleine , Hannover Bettina
Published: February 2025

Interpersonal teacher behavior can be described with the Interpersonal Circumplex on the dimensions of communion (warmth, sensitivity) and agency (initiative, control). In an observational study, we investigated whether a teacher's interpersonal behavior in dyadic interactions with a student is complementary to the student's communion and scholastic competence: Does the teacher act communal to the extent that the student behaves communal, and does the teacher act more agentic the less competent the student is? In 39 primary and secondary schools, we conducted direct classroom observations for two teacher‐student dyads each (78 dyads). Using Structural Summary Method, we found as expected that teacher communion was positively associated with student communion, to the detriment of students who have not yet learned to behave in a communal manner. Further, results showed a negative association between teacher agency and student competence, suggesting that teachers engaged in adaptive teaching. Results further showed that weak teacher communion was related to low student competence. We discuss the implications for teacher education and training, namely that teachers should be trained to prevent falling into patterns of dysfunctional, non‐communal behavior when confronted with a particular set of student characteristics and behaviors.
The Relationship Between Professional Identity and Job Burnout Among Chinese Teachers: Mediating Roles of Career Satisfaction and Work Engagement
Authors: Li Xinwei , Xu Luyun , Sun Changkang , Sun Binghai
Published: February 2025

Job burnout is becoming a major threat to teachers' work. Previous studies revealed that teachers' professional identity and job burnout are negatively related. This study explored the mediating effects of career satisfaction and work engagement in the relationship between teachers' professional identity and job burnout. Investigation materials included the Chinese version of the Teachers' Professional Identity Scale, Career Satisfaction Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Professional Quality of Life Scale. The cross‐sectional design was conducted in this study with 3147 teachers from kindergarten, primary, and secondary schools in Zhejiang Province, China. The PROCESS macro plug‐in SPSS21.0 was used for mediating effect analysis. These results indicated that teachers' professional identity, career satisfaction, and work engagement have significant, positive correlations with each other and significant negative correlations with job burnout. Meanwhile, results showed that career satisfaction and work engagement played parallel and sequentially mediating roles in the relationship between teachers' professional identity and burnout. These findings indicate that a high level of professional identity plays an important role in strengthening career satisfaction and increasing work engagement, which may effectively help teachers reduce job burnout.
Control of wheat powdery mildew using fluopyram seed treatment
Authors: Xu Chao , Guo Xiaomeng , Tian Xiaoya , Zhang Xuebiao , Zhang Hong , Wu Qinyan , Chen Hongzhou , Yang Hongfu
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Wheat powdery mildew is an airborne multi‐cycle disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. This disease can cause severe yield reduction or total crop loss. Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) used for the prevention and control of gray mold, powdery mildew, and downy mildew in fruits and vegetables.

RESULTS

We used fluopyram to treat wheat seeds and demonstrated excellent control of powdery mildew. Fluopyram treatment did not affect wheat seed germination. After seed treatment, the residual amounts of fluopyram in harvested wheat grains and in soil were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.07 mg kg−1). We explored the mechanism of action of fluopyram on wheat powdery mildew using eukaryotic reference transcriptome analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in wheat plants treated with fluopyram were mostly enriched in the photosynthesis pathway. SPAD (soil–plant analysis development) value measurements showed a significant increase in chlorophyll content after treatment. The enzyme activity of chitinase and the relative expression levels of related genes (Cht3 and Cht4) were significantly up‐regulated, indicating that the defense response of wheat was activated.

CONCLUSION

Fluopyram seed treatment is expected to be developed for the control of wheat powdery mildew. The research in this study will provide important theoretical basis for controlling wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in the field. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing NK Cell Antitumor Activity With Natural Compounds: Research Advances and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Yu , Yin Mingxiao , Xia Wenjiao , Dou Baokai , Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Ru
Published: February 2025

In recent years, immunotherapy has become a novel antitumor strategy in addition to traditional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and has exhibited promising results in clinical applications. Despite significant breakthroughs in immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade and CAR‐T cell therapy, it remains necessary to develop more efficacious, safer, and cheaper immunotherapeutic drugs due to factors including small reaction populations, acquired resistance, adverse side effects, and high costs. Natural killer (NK) cells are preeminent cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that act as the first line of defense against tumors and synergistically enhance the adaptive immune response of T lymphocytes. Therefore, boosting the antitumor function of NK cells is an important direction in the development of immunotherapy. For decades, various immunotherapies such as adoptive cell therapy, antibody drugs, cytokines supplement, and chemical immunomodulators have been developing rapidly to improve the function of NK cells. Compared to biological immunotherapy, immunomodulators derived from natural products have outstanding advantages of low immunogenicity, multi‐targeting, and cost‐effectiveness. Currently, increasing attention is being focused on discovering NK cell‐stimulating agents from natural products, such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and quinones. This review aims to categorize and summarize the comprehensive research progress on these natural products, discuss their potential molecular mechanisms in regulating NK cells, and explore their clinical applications as standalone treatments or in combination with conventional chemotherapy regimens.
Churning the Mindful Consumption Research for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Review Analysis
Authors: Kunwer Savita Prasad , Singh Shalini
Published: February 2025

The upsurge of consumerism and materialism worldwide has elevated environmental, and societal concerns. Encouraging mindful consumption may aid in resolving these issues and achieving a few sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, the elaborated insights on mindful consumption have not yet been comprehensively revealed. This study demands the contemplation of the mindful consumption concept to reveal inclusive knowledge in the existing literature. This study adopts a systematic literature review using the PRISMA technique. Articles on mindful consumption were thoroughly examined to uncover the themes, methodological and theoretical insights, and future avenues. Findings reveal the elements that promote and hinder mindful consumption practice, grouped into the following categories: socio‐cultural, psychological, technological, marketing, environmental, and economical. This study also proposes a conceptual framework utilising a Stimulus‐Organism‐Behaviour‐Consequences model depicting the mindful consumption process for its holistic understanding. This study solicits value and enhances the current literature by comprehensively reviewing relevant articles on mindful consumption and unveiling useful insights by delving into research gaps, future directions, and potential outcomes aligning with a few SDGs. Businesses, marketers, policymakers, communities, and governments can use this study to develop strategies that mitigate the adverse effects of consumption and prioritise the world's well‐being by contributing to various SDGs.
Correlated Magnetic and Electrical Phenomena in Epitaxially Weaved Manganite Lateral Homostructures
Authors: Chang Yao‐Wen , Liu Yu‐Chen , Huang Shih‐Wen , Sun Jia‐Yuan , Ho Sheng‐Zhu , Tzeng Wen‐Yen , Chiu Chun‐Chien , Ku Yu‐Chieh , Kaur Puneet , Butcher Tim A. , Piamonteze Cinthia , Staub Urs , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chang Chun‐Fu , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chu Ying‐Hao , Kleibert Armin , Luo Chih‐Wei , Yang Jan‐Chi
Published: February 2025

Artificially aligned or positioned functional materials are essential building blocks for modern devices and nanoelectronics. Since the emergence of 2D materials, the vertical stacking/integration of exotic materials has garnered increasing attention. However, controlling homostructures, e.g. identical materials conjoined with varying crystalline orientations, magnetism, or strain states, along the lateral direction remains challenging. Leveraging on the freestanding thin film growth techniques, the concept of twisted lateral homostructures has been introduced, enabling precise control over the lateral alignment of crystalline directions. Here, using La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, a classic strongly correlated material, the precise manipulation of epitaxial strain alongside the homojunction is demonstrated. This leads to a precisely controllable lateral homostructure composed of polymorphic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 regions. It is further identified that the interactions between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 lead to unconventional ultrafast spin dynamics and magnetotransport behavior. The results provide a promising platform for developing novel emergent phenomena and functionalities in the twisted lateral homostructures.
Electrochemical Scanning Microwave Microscopy Reveals Ion Intercalation Dynamics and Maps Active Sites in 2D Catalyst
Authors: Awadein Mohamed , Kumar Abhishek , Wang Yuqing , Dong Mingdong , Müllegger Stefan , Gramse Georg
Published: February 2025

The accelerated demand for electrochemical energy storage urges the need for new, sustainable, and lightweight materials able to store high energy densities rapidly and efficiently. Development of these functional materials requires specialized techniques that can provide a close insight into the electrochemical properties at the nanoscale. For this reason, the electrochemical scanning microwave microscopy (EC‐SMM) enabling local measurement of electrochemical properties with nanometer spatial resolution and sensitivity down to atto‐Ampere electrochemical currents is introduced. Its power is demonstrated by studying NiCo‐layered double hydroxide flakes, revealing active site locations and providing atomistic insights into the catalytic process. EC‐SMM's spatial resolution of 16 ± 1 nm allows detailed analysis of edge effects in this 2D material, including localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Coupled with advanced numerical modeling of diffusion and migration dynamics at the material interface, the findings elucidate the previously hypothesized processes responsible for localized enhancements in electrochemical activity, while pinpointing essential parameters for tuning the thermodynamics of ion intercalation and optimizing surface adsorption.
α‐Amylase Immobilization on Carbon Nanospheres: Influence of Size and Functionalization on Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Arceta‐Lozano Alan , Espinosa‐Botello Blanca Angelica , Reyes‐Barrios Daniel Alejandro , Lozada‐Ramírez José Daniel , Hermosillo‐Abundis Cristina , Méndez‐Rojas Miguel Ángel , Campos‐Delgado Jessica
Published: February 2025

One of the main downsides of enzyme immobilization, aside from a noticeable reduction of enzyme activity, is the difficulty in detecting and tracking migration and biodistribution of the nanocarrier toward the target site. The intrinsic fluorescence property of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) makes them useful for tracking and localization. This research aims to prepare a set of nanosystems based on pristine CVD‐produced CNSs (CNS0%), functionalized CNSs (CNS3%), and size‐reduced CNSs (s‐CNS) subjected to a procedure for α‐amylase enzyme immobilization, to later evaluate their biological activity. These structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that surface functionalization and nanoplatform size play an important role in boosting enzymatic activity. Moreover, all the samples demonstrated high thermal stability and fluorescence even after attaching α‐amylase to their surface which can provide great functionality for a variety of applications.
Seasonal Variations in Water Quality and Microplastic Contamination in the Surma River, Bangladesh: Implications for Aquatic Health and Human Safety
Authors: Hridoy Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Paul Puspendu Biswas , Hashar Md Nabid , Tabaschum Tarin , Ujjaman Reashan , Khan Md Shakil , Rasel Md Asaduzzaman , Rahman Md Musfikur , Anik Ekram Mahmud , Shakil Md Azharul Haque
Published: February 2025

Water quality parameters (WQPs) are an important aspect of a significant role in addressing the issue of aquatic animals and human health hazards. There is increasing concern that some microplastics (MPs) are being disadvantaged and directly affected by aquatic organisms and potential health risks. Research has consistently shown that physiochemical parameters are lacking in the Surma River. This study examines the seasonal fluctuations in water toxicology and the effects of MPs on freshwater ecosystems in the Surma River. Data were gathered from three locations during the monsoon, winter, and summer seasons of 2023–2024 at 4‐month intervals. The analysis revealed concerning WQPs, water quality index (WQI), and pollution index values, indicating serious threats to aquatic life. FTIR microscopy detected MPs, with fibers being the most common (55%), followed by fragments (28%), films (10%), and foam (6%). The highest pH recorded was 8.44 at Station 1 during the summer, while the lowest pH fell to 7.02 in winter. Station 3 exhibited the lowest WQPs, reaching a minimum of 0.15 in winter. The monsoon season showed the most pronounced changes, with heightened pollution levels due to flooding, which diminished habitat suitability. The presence of MPs adds complexity to water quality by introducing harmful pollutants that accumulate in fish, threatening both aquatic ecosystems and human health. These results highlight the critical need for robust water quality management strategies and further research into the ecological and health effects of MPs in freshwater environments. This study enhances our understanding of the seasonal variations in water toxicity and the contribution of MPs to water pollution.
Distribution and Host Selection of the Chigger Mite Leptotrombidium rupestre, a Potential Vector of Scrub Typhus, in Southwest China
Authors: Yu Rong , Guo Xian‐Guo , Lv Yan , Yin Peng‐Wu , Song Wen‐Yu , Peng Pei‐Ying , Qian Ti‐Jun , Xiang Rong , Chen Yan‐Ling , Li Bei
Published: February 2025

Leptotrombidium rupestre, a chigger species, is a potential vector of scrub typhus. Based on field surveys in southwest China between 2001 and 2022, this paper retrospectively reports the distribution and host selection of L. rupestre in the region for the first time. A total of 4675 L. rupestre were identified from 28 species of rodents and other sympatric small mammal hosts in 23 out of 114 survey sites, and it was mainly distributed in higher latitudes (31–33° N) and altitudes (3000–3500 m), especially in western Sichuan, an important focus of scrub typhus. Among four orders of hosts, 96.15% (4495/4675) of L. rupestre were found on the order Rodentia. At species level of hosts, 40.49% of L. rupestre (Cr = 40.49%, 1893/4675) came from the vole Alexandromys oeconomus in Cricetida of Rodentia, with high prevalence (PM = 91.67%), mean abundance (MA = 157.75 chiggers/per examined vole) and mean intensity (MI = 172.09 chiggers/per infested vole), indicating an obvious host‐preference. L. rupestre was of aggregated distribution among different individuals of the hosts. The occurrence of L. rupestre in western Sichuan may increase the potential risk of the focus persistence of scrub typhus in the region. The present study enriches scientific information on this potential vector species and will contribute to the surveillance and control of scrub typhus in the future.
Fractional regularity, global persistence, and asymptotic properties of the Boussinesq equations on bounded domains
Authors: Aydın Mustafa Sencer , Jayanti Pranava Chaitanya
Published: February 2025

We address the long-time behavior of the 2D Boussinesq system, which consists of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations driven by a non-diffusive density. We construct globally persistent solutions on a smooth bounded domain, when the initial data belongs to

$$(H^k\cap V)\times H^k$$

(

H
k

∩
V
)

×

H
k

for

$$k\in \mathbb {N}$$

k
∈
N

and

$$H^s\times H^s$$

H
s

×

H
s

for

$$0<s<2$$

0
<
s
<
2

. The proofs use parabolic maximal regularity and specific compatibility conditions at the initial time. Additionally, we also deduce various asymptotic properties of the velocity and density in the long-time limit and present a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence to a steady state.
Different growth response of mountain rangeland habitats to inter-annual weather fluctuations
Authors: Oriani Fabio , Aasen Helge , Schneider Manuel K.
Published: February 2025

Monitoring mountain rangelands is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of pastoral land use. In this study, we employ satellite image analysis to investigate how the seasonal growth patterns in the mountain rangeland ecosystem respond to inter-annual variations in weather conditions along the elevation profile. Our analysis covers nine key habitats in mountain rangelands surrounding the Swiss National Park, southeastern Swiss Alps from 2000 to 2800 m of elevation. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to track the growth pattern from 2016 to 2023 reveals that inter-annual weather fluctuations affect all habitats, leading to variations of 15–20% in the growth curve, with more significant impacts observed in the first half of the growing season. When comparing growth among habitats, wet and mesic pastures tend to exhibit greater growth compared to dry habitats within the elevation range of 2000–2400 m above sea level, while all habitats show a similar growth above 2400 m. Additionally, the presented statistical analysis at the landscape scale supports the existence of growth dynamics previously observed at the plot scale: that snow persistence influences the beginning of growth in pastures, but this effect is partially compensated by rapid growth following late snow melt. Conversely, in the second half of the season, growth is controlled by the onset of snow in autumn. These results demonstrate the potential of the joint application of earth observation and spatial statistics, not only to monitor the regional response to climate trends and variability, but also to differentiate inter-annual and inter-habitat responses of growth dynamics.

Graphical abstract
3D Modeling of Self-Expandable Valves for PPVI in Distinct RVOT Morphologies
Authors: Odemis Ender , Aka İbrahim Başar , Kızılkaya Mete Han
Published: February 2025

Tetralogy of Fallot often requires transannular patch repair, leading to pulmonary insufficiency. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) with self-expandable valves offers a promising alternative, especially for enlarged right ventricular Queryoutflow tracts (RVOT). Five RVOT types identified in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot reflect anatomical variations due to disease and prior surgeries. This study assesses the Pulsta THV® valve’s in vitro hemodynamic performance across these RVOT morphologies using 3D-printed models. Five RVOT morphologies were recreated as 3D models from patient-specific imaging data. The Pulsta THV® valves, available in 28, 30, and 32 mm sizes, were evaluated using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator System at three cardiac outputs (2, 3.5, and 5 L/min). Hemodynamic performance was assessed by measuring regurgitation rates and pressure gradients in the left and right pulmonary arteries. The Pulsta THV® performed optimally in RVOT Types 1 and 2, demonstrating lower regurgitation rates and pressure gradients, particularly with larger valve sizes. Conversely, RVOT Types 3 and 5 showed increased pressure gradients and hemodynamic variability, indicating less favorable outcomes. The results highlighted the critical role of precise anatomical compatibility, with larger valve sizes proving more effective in enlarged RVOT geometry. Valve sizes tailored to specific RVOT morphologies can enhance PPVI outcomes. Types 1 and 2 are ideal for PPVI, while Types 3 and 5 present challenges due to hemodynamic variability. This study supports 3D modeling and in vitro testing for pre-procedural planning to reduce complications, with future research exploring dynamic imaging and materials mimicking tissue properties.
Small Inertia Limit for Coupled Kinetic Swarming Models
Authors: Choi Young-Pil , Fagioli Simone , Iorio Valeria
Published: February 2025

We investigate various versions of multi-dimensional systems involving many species, modeling aggregation phenomena through nonlocal interaction terms. We establish a rigorous connection between kinetic and macroscopic descriptions by considering the small inertia limit at the kinetic level. The results are proved either under smoothness assumptions on all interaction kernels or under singular assumptions for self-interaction potentials. Utilizing different techniques in the two cases, we demonstrate the existence of a solution to the kinetic system, provide uniform estimates with respect to the inertia parameter, and show convergence toward the corresponding macroscopic system as the inertia approaches zero.
The chlorite adduct of aquacobalamin: contrast with chlorite dismutase
Authors: Lehene Maria , Zagrean-Tuza Cezara , Iancu Stefania D. , Cosma Sergiu-Raul , Brânzanic Adrian M. V. , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu , Stoean Bianca
Published: February 2025

In the reaction of aquacobalamin (aquaCbl) with chlorite, a stable species is detected and assigned as a Co(III)–chlorite complex, Co(III)–OClO−. Its UV–Vis spectrum is almost identical to that of aquaCbl, except for some minor differences at ~ 430 nm; cyanide can eliminate and prevent these changes. The 1H-NMR spectra reveal strong influences of chlorite on the B2 and B4 protons of the cobalt-bound dimethyl benzimidazole ligand. Together, the UV–Vis and NMR titrations suggest a Kd of 10 mM or higher for chlorite on Cbl. Resonance Raman spectra reveal minor changes in the spectrum of aquaCbl to chlorite—as well as a disappearance of the free chlorite signals, consistent with Cbl–chlorite complex formation. Corroboration for these interpretations is also offered from mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. This Co(III)–OClO− complex would be a stable analogue of the first reaction intermediate in the catalytic cycle of chlorite dismutase, or in the reaction of chlorite with a number of other heme proteins. The differences in reactivity between Co(III) cobalamin and Fe(III) heme towards chlorite are analyzed and rationalized, leading to a reconciliation of experimental and computational data for the latter.
Tailoring mesoporous ferrocene-modified activated carbon for phenol removal in wastewater
Authors: Mqehe-Nedzivhe Khathutshelo C. , Ojo Babatope O. , Mabuba Nonhlangabezo
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the adsorption capacity (qmax) of synthesized ferrocene-modified activated carbon (AC-H3PO4/Fe7S8) for the removal of phenol in wastewater. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized composite were determined using FTIR, BET, XRD, and SEM. With an average pore size of 59.127 nm, AC-H3PO4/Fe7S8 composite achieved 98% removal efficiency of phenol at optimal conditions comprising adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g, contact time of 120 min, pH of 4, and concentration of 50 mg/L. The Freundlich isotherm model displayed R² values of 0.9965 and 0.9955, while the evaluated maximum adsorption capacities were 9.15 and 13.32 mg/g for AC-H3PO4 and AC-H3PO4/Fe7S8 respectively. The adsorption kinetics was also fitted into a Pseudo second-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.10462 min−1 at optimal conditions. The thermodynamics parameters suggested that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic with increased randomness. The findings describe the synthesized AC-H3PO4/Fe7S8 composite as a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol wastewater treatment.
Cell death signaling in human erythron: erythrocytes lose the complexity of cell death machinery upon maturation
Authors: Tkachenko Anton , Havranek Ondrej
Published: February 2025

Over the recent years, our understanding of the cell death machinery of mature erythrocytes has been greatly expanded. It resulted in the discovery of several regulated cell death (RCD) pathways in red blood cells. Apoptosis (eryptosis) and necroptosis of erythrocytes share certain features with their counterparts in nucleated cells, but they are also critically different in particular details. In this review article, we summarize the cell death subroutines in the erythroid precursors (apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis) in comparison to mature erythrocytes (eryptosis and erythronecroptosis) to highlight the consequences of organelle clearance and associated loss of multiple components of the cell death machinery upon erythrocyte maturation. Recent advances in understanding the role of erythrocyte RCDs in health and disease have expanded potential clinical applications of these lethal subroutines, emphasizing their contribution to the development of anemia, microthrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their role as diagnostic biomarkers and markers of erythrocyte storage-induced lesions. Fas signaling and the functional caspase-8/caspase-3 system are not indispensable for eryptosis, but might be retained in mature erythrocytes to mediate the crosstalk between both erythrocyte-associated RCDs. The ability of erythrocytes to switch between eryptosis and necroptosis suggests that their cell death is not a simple unregulated mechanical disintegration, but a tightly controlled process. This allows investigation of eventual pharmacological interventions aimed at individual cell death subroutines of erythrocytes.
Developing a Low-Resource, Evidence-Based Early Years Professional Development Programme Using Self-Assessment
Authors: Mazhar Anushay , Sylva Kathy
Published: February 2025

Early language and communication skills are critical for children’s development and early years educators are well-placed to support children’s learning; however, many early years educators receive little training to support the development of these skills. While professional development programmes offer a potential solution, existing programmes have yielded mixed findings, and little is known about why this is the case since most programmes do not describe their intended mechanisms of change. Moreover, most programmes require abundant resources, leading to limited sustainability and scalability. This paper presents a theoretical framework for a low-resource professional development programme aimed at enhancing educators’ abilities to support preschool children’s language and communication skills. We identify core characteristics (sustained, multi-format, flexible, context-sensitive, focused) and active components (coaching, practice, feedback, reflection, goal setting, modelling, group engagement) of effective professional development programmes, which we use to inform the programme design. The proposed programme integrates three main components: (1) LangQuest, a free, downloadable self-assessment tool designed to help educators reflect on their language-supporting strategies, (2) an online course that promotes meaningful use of the LangQuest and builds educators’ knowledge of how and when to use different pedagogical strategies, and (3) Learning Circles, a form of professional learning communities to promote social learning. We envision that this programme will enhance educators’ procedural knowledge of language-supporting strategies and improve teacher-child interactions, ultimately fostering children’s language and communication skills. By identifying features of effective early years programmes, the paper provides a practical roadmap to those interested in developing PD programmes or integrating the LangQuest into existing programmes.
Exploring the Impact of Generative AI on Peer Review: Insights from Journal Reviewers
Authors: Ebadi Saman , Nejadghanbar Hassan , Salman Ahmed Rawdhan , Khosravi Hassan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the perspectives of 12 journal reviewers from diverse academic disciplines on using large language models (LLMs) in the peer review process. We identified key themes regarding integrating LLMs through qualitative data analysis of verbatim responses to an open-ended questionnaire. Reviewers noted that LLMs can automate tasks such as preliminary screening, plagiarism detection, and language verification, thereby reducing workload and enhancing consistency in applying review standards. However, significant ethical concerns were raised, including potential biases, lack of transparency, and risks to privacy and confidentiality. Reviewers emphasized that LLMs should not replace human judgment but rather complement it with human oversight, which is essential to ensure the relevance and accuracy of AI-generated feedback. This study underscores the need for clear guidelines and policies, as well as their proper dissemination among researchers, to address the ethical and practical challenges of using LLMs in academic publishing.
Adolescent Fathers’ Experiences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Erbay Elif , Tecik Seda , Menekse Dilek , Cinar Nursan
Published: February 2025

The existing body of literature concerning adolescent fathers is notably limited. This study aims to meticulously explore the fatherhood experiences of individuals who assumed the role during their adolescence. The qualitative data for this phenomenological study were collected online between March and August 2022. The study was conducted with participants residing in four different geographical regions in Turkey (Marmara, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia regions). The study cohort comprised eleven fathers, aged between 20 and 25 years. Data were gathered utilizing a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview form. Following the thematic analysis, we developed five overarching themes: “Emotions and experiences of being a father”, “Increased need for social support”, “Lifestyle changes due to being an adolescent father”, “Positive and negative effects of being an adolescent father” and “Recommendations for those who consider early marriage and becoming a father”. The study illuminated that those who became fathers during adolescence encountered financial challenges, mitigated by support from their immediate family or experienced relatives engaged in childcare. The findings of this study are anticipated to furnish essential data for nurses working with adolescents, contributing to the safeguarding and enhancement of adolescent health.
The impact of experiential avoidance on anxiety and depressive disorders in hematological cancer patients
Authors: Weißflog Gregor , Ernst Jochen , Esser Peter , Platzbecker Uwe , Vucinic Vladan , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Springer Franziska
Published: February 2025

Anxiety disorders and/or depressive disorders co-occurring with hematological cancer are an additional burden for patients. Experiential avoidance (EA; efforts to avoid negative emotions, thoughts, or memories) is an empirically evident transdiagnostic factor for the onset and maintenance of anxiety and depressive disorders in non-cancer populations. There is lack of evidence on the impact of EA in predicting anxiety and depression in cancer patients. A total of 291 patients with hematological cancer (60% male, mean age 55 years) were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Participants were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 mental disorders (SCID-5). EA was assessed via self-report using the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ). Hierarchical binomial logistic regression was conducted in order to estimate the impact of EA on anxiety and depressive disorders. A total of 38 patients (13.3%) met the diagnostic criteria for a current anxiety disorder, while 49 patients (17.2%) met the criteria for a current depressive disorder. In bivariate analyses, EA was significantly elevated in patients with an anxiety disorder in comparison to those without (54.4 vs. 48.9; p = 0.01). The same was true for depressive disorder (54.9 vs. 48.6; p < 0.01). After controlling for relevant sociodemographic and medical factors, EA did not predict anxiety or depressive disorder in separate regression models. The presence of an anxiety disorder was significantly predicted by female sex, younger age and elevated comorbidity burden. In contrast, the presence of a depressive disorder was predicted by comorbidity burden. Sociodemographic and medical predictors have greater predictive potential than EA regarding current anxiety and depressive disorder in hematological cancer patients.
Knowledge of PrEP Among Healthcare Workers in Substance Use Disorder Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy
Authors: Moro Giuseppina Lo , Rosset Lorenzo , Varì Maria Grazia , Lucchini Alfio , Balestra Roberta , Scaioli Giacomo , Siliquini Roberta , Bert Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evidence-based strategy for HIV prevention, particularly for high-risk populations such as people who inject drugs and engage in chemsex. In Italy, there is no data on the actual knowledge of PrEP among Healthcare professionals (HCPs) in substance use disorder services (SerDs). This study aimed to assess PrEP awareness among SerD HCPs, also exploring their level of knowledge, practice, training, and perceived barriers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of HCPs from SerDs across Italy (2023–2024). The questionnaire addressed sociodemographic and work-related information, PrEP awareness, knowledge scores (i.e. percentage of correct answers) on when proposing PrEP and reimbursement criteria, practice, and training received. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore associations with PrEP awareness. The sample consisted of 306 professionals (26.8% physicians). Only 44.8% were aware of PrEP, with lower awareness among non-physicians (p < 0.001). As for knowledge scores on when proposing PrEP and on reimbursement, the median was 57.14% (IQR: 42.86–71.43%) and 55.56% (IQR: 33.33–66.67%), respectively. No differences were reported across professional roles. Only 10.36% reported PrEP is offered at their workplace and 87.9% highlighted a lack of training. Additionally, 96.79% believed it would be appropriate for HCPs to receive PrEP training; however, nurses were the most likely to state it is not appropriate (p = 0.046). The study identified gaps in PrEP knowledge and training among SerD professionals, including physicians. The strong interest in training suggests that SerD HCPs, though with varying perceptions, may be a receptive group for interventions for improving PrEP implementation.
Troublesome Bodies: How Bodies Come to Matter and Intrude in Eating Disorder Recovery
Authors: Holen Mari , Ringer Agnes , Steno Anne Mia
Published: February 2025

Understanding how bodies come to matter in eating disorder recovery is complex, particularly given the unresolved question of whether eating disorders are fundamentally about the body. Drawing on Analu Verbin’s adaptation of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Sarah Ahmed’s body phenomenology, this paper examines how participants in a narrative and systemic group therapy program at a mental health clinic for eating disorders perceive themselves as recovering or recovered. We explore how the body is presented and understood in their recovery narratives, developing the concept of the ‘troublesome body’ to highlight the ambiguities these narratives reveal. The body in the participants’ narratives is continuously shaped by an external gaze that alternates between recognition and concern, often oscillating between praise and scrutiny. Participants are tasked with cultivating a liberated, sensual body and a more natural relationship with food, achieved through therapeutic strategies such as establishing a mechanical eating pattern and ‘neutralizing’ the body in group settings. Yet the body resists, asserting its presence through physical sensations—rumbling stomachs and ‘blobby’ forms—that challenge these efforts. Crucially, the narrative and systemic group therapy is viewed by participants as pivotal in their recovery not because it resolves all eating disorder-related issues, but because it offers a collective space for ‘troublesome bodies.’ This space allows for bodies to exist without conforming to societal dichotomies or norms that are often imposed in other treatment contexts, thus, offering an alternative model of recovery where bodily ambiguities can be embraced rather than resolved.
History of Alcohol Use Disorder and Housing Instability as Predictors of Fatigue and Mental Health Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Leiter Noa , Luk Jeremy W. , Stangl Bethany L. , Gunawan Tommy , Schwandt Melanie L. , Goldman David , Diazgranados Nancy , Ramchandani Vijay A.
Published: February 2025

Mental health and alcohol problems are significant public health concerns amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Housing instability and symptoms of fatigue are understudied aspects of the pandemic. This study examined history of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), history of COVID-19 infection, and housing instability as correlates of fatigue, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Data were drawn from 250 adults enrolled in an online survey within the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study in between April 6 and June 2 of 2022. Participants completed self-report measures of housing stability, fatigue, and mental health symptoms. Multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and household income were conducted. Individuals with a history of AUD reported higher mental fatigue, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms when compared to those with no history of AUD. Individuals with “other” housing arrangements (not renting or owning) reported higher mental fatigue, pandemic fatigue, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms relative to homeowners. Individuals who worried about not having a place to live in the past 6 months reported higher physical fatigue, mental fatigue, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms when compared to individuals without housing worry. History of COVID-19 infection was neither associated with mental health nor fatigue symptoms. Housing instability, as captured by housing worry and having “other” housing arrangements, was associated with greater fatigue and mental health problems, even after controlling for household income. Housing instability uniquely contributed to mental health symptoms, warranting further research and targeted prevention and intervention efforts.
Call center data analysis and model validation
Authors: Koole Ger , Li Siqiao , Ding Sihan
Published: February 2025

We analyze call center data on factors such as agent heterogeneity, customer patience and agent breaks. Based on this, we construct different simulation models and compare their performance with the actual realized performance. We classify them according to the extent in which they accurately approximate the service level and average waiting times. We also obtain a theoretical understanding on how to distinguish between the model error and other aspects such as random noise. We conclude that modeling explicitly breaks and agent heterogeneity is crucial for obtaining a precise model.
VolRec: 4D real-time volumetric reconstruction of OCT data
Authors: Vicente-Jaén Arturo , Mompeán Juan , Aragón Juan L. , Artal Pablo
Published: February 2025

This work presents the design, analysis and development of VolRec, a volumetric 4D reconstruction system for OCT (optical coherence tomography) data. VolRec is able to obtain and process more than 25 high-resolution OCT data volumes per second. This way, VolRec allows OCT systems to perform real-time measurements that could help doctors and physicians in many different cases, e.g., during surgical interventions or during exams to restless patients, such as kids. Moreover, VolRec allows to adapt to telemedicine techniques such as telesurgery or image-guided medical robots. To achieve real-time performance, it is necessary to address the limitations of current OCT systems, which are restricted by both the acquisition and processing of massive amounts of data. To overcome those limitations, this work proposes an approach based on a 4D reconstruction. Our proposal allows to generate high-resolution volumes from acquired low-resolution ones. Hence, increasing the acquisition speed while reducing the acquisition resolution without sacrificing image quality. To this end, we use parallel programming mechanisms such as OpenMP (for CPUs) and CUDA to exploit the computing capabilities of modern GPUs. Our real-time volumetric reconstruction algorithm efficiently achieves a very high performance, reaching a processing rate of 18 GigaVoxels/s and about 72

$$\times$$

×

speedup over a parallel CPU-based algorithm using a GPU, by efficiently exploiting the vast amount of data-level parallelism inherent to OCT data volumes.
Impact of Various Creep–Fatigue Interaction Loading Waveforms at 873 K on the Subgrains and M23C6 Carbides Interrelations and Stability in P91 Steel Weld Joints
Authors: Vaishali P. , Shankar Vani
Published: February 2025

P91 steel and its weld joint (WJ) have been selected for the present study with the goal, to investigate the combined effects of fatigue and creep loadings [known as creep–fatigue interaction (CFI)] on the microstructures of the five constituting zones of actual P91 steel WJ when it is subjected to various types of CFI loading waveforms. Experiments were conducted at constant strain rate (3 × 10−3 s−1), temperature (873 K), and total strain amplitude (± 0.6 pct); the CFI loadings comprised of unsymmetrical loadings (short or long tensile/compressive holds) and symmetrical loadings (tensile plus compressive holds/pure fatigue). The hierarchical boundaries within the prior austenite grains and M23C6 carbides at the boundaries are investigated. Under CFI loading, the interrelations between the stabilities of M23C6 carbides at the hierarchical boundaries and the subgrains were found to be dependent upon the microstructural zone of the WJ in consideration, symmetricity/asymmetricity of the applied waveform and the extents of creep/fatigue contributions in the CFI waveform cycles. The subgrains of soft regions (intercritical and fine grain) and base metal were at stake under larger fatigue contributions, whereas the subgrains of hard regions (coarse grain and weld metal) were unaffected by the CFI loadings.
Effects of Cu Layer on the Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Martensitic Steel Layer in the Multilayered Sheet
Authors: Kato Ryusei , Koga Norimitsu , Watanabe Chihiro
Published: February 2025

Martensitic (α′) steel/Cu multilayered sheets with a volume fraction of 80 pct α′ steel were tempered, and the deformation and fracture behavior of these sheets were systematically investigated. The microstructural features such as prior austenite grain and block sizes in the α′ layer of the multilayered sheet were identical to those in the single-layer sheets. The multilayered sheets exhibited larger fracture elongation with a characteristically large local strain than the α′ steel single-layer sheets. Inhomogeneous strain distributions developed in all the sheets during tensile deformation, but the strain distributions of multilayered sheets were more inhomogeneous than that of α′ steel single-layer sheets. Strain bands, in which high-strain regions were continuously aligned along approximately 45 deg in the tensile direction, developed in all the sheets during deformation. Microvoids often nucleated at the intersections of strain bands, and their number density in multilayered sheets was lower than that in α′ steel single-layer sheets, resulting in a lower number density of microvoids. Therefore, it can be concluded that laminating with Cu decreased the number density of strain bands and suppressed void nucleation in the α′ steel layers, hindering the fatal fracture of the α′ steel/Cu multilayered sheets.
Designing Symbiotic Human–Robot Collaboration in assembly tasks
Authors: Barravecchia Federico , Bartolomei Mirco , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo
Published: February 2025

The advancement of Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) in industrial environments has underscored the importance of establishing harmonious and symbiotic relationships between human operators and robots. This study, in line with the principles of Industry 5.0, proposes an approach to support the integration of human operators’ capabilities with advanced robotics, enhancing collaborative productivity and fostering a paradigm shift towards a more interactive and beneficial human–robot symbiosis. Prior research has established the basic principles of Symbiotic Human–Robot Collaboration (SHRC) but has often neglected the critical problem of how to conduct collaborative tasks to exploit the potential of these symbiotic interactions. This paper presents a novel methodology to support the design of protocols for collaborative tasks, with the aim of promoting positive symbiotic interactions between human operators and collaborative robots. The focus is on developing tasks that integrate positive symbiotic interactions, determining task performers and optimizing the mutual benefits derived from task execution. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical application of this methodology in a real-world context.