bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls
Authors: Reed Elizabeth , Salazar Marissa , Behar Alma I. , Agah Niloufar , Silverman Jay G. , Minnis Alexandra M. , Rusch Melanie L.A. , Raj Anita
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The current study aims to assess the prevalence, perpetrators, and consequences of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) among adolescent females.

Methods

Sexually active adolescent females (N = 159) ages 15–19 were recruited from a health clinic in a low‐income, urban area of southeast San Diego County, California to complete a tablet‐administered survey that included items on sexual violence and harassment, including CSH. Using logistic regression models, we assessed CSH in relation to substance use, poor mental health outcomes and STI history.

Results

Participants were, on average, 17 years of age and half were currently in a relationship. The majority of girls (68%) reported at least one form of CSH, which included receiving unwanted sexual messages/photos (53%), receiving unwanted messages asking them to do something sexual (49%), being pressured to send sexual photos (36%), and having sexual photos shared without permission (6%). Perpetrators included known and unknown males; almost a third (27%) reported perpetration by a relationship partner. In logistic regression models adjusting for race, CSH was associated with: past 30‐day alcohol use, drug use (ever), feeling depressed (past 30 days), and feeling anxious (past 30 days) (Odds Ratios ranged: 2.9–7.5). CSH was also associated with past‐year suicidal thoughts and STI diagnosis (ever) (p < 0.05, ORs not presented due to small numbers).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that in some subgroups, CSH appears to be affecting the majority of girls, which is especially concerning given its association with multiple poor health outcomes.
Sobolev embeddings, rearrangement-invariant spaces and Frostman measures
Authors: Cianchi Andrea , Pick Luboš , Slavíková Lenka
Published: July 2019

Sobolev embeddings, of arbitrary order, are considered into function spaces on domains of

\mathbb{R}^{n}

endowed with measures whose decay on balls is dominated by a power

d

of their radius. Norms in arbitrary rearrangement-invariant spaces are contemplated. A comprehensive approach is proposed based on the reduction of the relevant

n

-dimensional embeddings to one-dimensional Hardy-type inequalities. Interestingly, the latter inequalities depend on the involved measure only through the power

d

. Our results allow for the detection of the optimal target space in Sobolev embeddings, for broad families of norms, in situations where customary techniques do not apply. In particular, new embeddings, with augmented target spaces, are deduced even for standard Sobolev spaces.

On considère des immersions de Sobolev d'ordre quelconque dans des espaces de fonctions sur des domaines de

\mathbb{R}^{n}

munis des mesures avec une tendance dans les boules qui est dominée par une puissance

d

du rayon. Des normes dans les espaces arbitraires invariants par réarrangements sont permises. Nous proposons une approche générale basée sur la réduction des immersions en dimension

n

à des inégalités du type Hardy en dimension un. On souligne que ces inégalités dépendent de la mesure considérée seulement par le degré de puissance

d

. Notre résultat permet de détecter l'espace cible optimal dans les immersions de Sobolev, pour une large famille de normes dans des cas où les techniques habituelles ne s'appliquent pas. En particulier on déduit des nouvelles immersions avec espaces-cibles augmentés même dans le cas d'espace de Sobolev standard.
Determination of Boolean models by densities of mixed volumes
Authors: Hug Daniel , Weil Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

In Weil (2001) formulae were proved for stationary Boolean models Z in ℝd with convex or polyconvex grains, which express the densities (specific mean values) of mixed volumes of Z in terms of related mean values of the underlying Poisson particle process X. These formulae were then used to show that in dimensions 2 and 3 the densities of mixed volumes of Z determine the intensity γ of X. For d = 4, a corresponding result was also stated, but the proof given was incomplete, since in the formula for the density of the Euler characteristic V̅0(Z) of Z a term $\overline V^{(0)}_{2,2}(X,X)$ was missing. This was pointed out in Goodey and Weil (2002), where it was also explained that a new decomposition result for mixed volumes and mixed translative functionals would be needed to complete the proof. Such a general decomposition result has recently been proved by Hug, Rataj, and Weil (2013), (2018) and is based on flag measures of the convex bodies involved. Here, we show that such flag representations not only lead to a correct derivation of the four-dimensional result, but even yield a corresponding uniqueness theorem in all dimensions. In the proof of the latter we make use of Alesker’s representation theorem for translation invariant valuations. We also discuss which shape information can be obtained in this way and comment on the situation in the nonstationary case.
Extended Laplace principle for empirical measures of a Markov chain
Authors: Eckstein Stephan
Published: July 2019

We consider discrete-time Markov chains with Polish state space. The large deviations principle for empirical measures of a Markov chain can equivalently be stated in Laplace principle form, which builds on the convex dual pair of relative entropy (or Kullback– Leibler divergence) and cumulant generating functional f ↦ ln ʃ exp (f). Following the approach by Lacker (2016) in the independent and identically distributed case, we generalize the Laplace principle to a greater class of convex dual pairs. We present in depth one application arising from this extension, which includes large deviation results and a weak law of large numbers for certain robust Markov chains—similar to Markov set chains—where we model robustness via the first Wasserstein distance. The setting and proof of the extended Laplace principle are based on the weak convergence approach to large deviations by Dupuis and Ellis (2011).
Deviation bounds for the first passage time in the frog model
Authors: Kubota Naoki
Published: July 2019

We consider the so-called frog model with random initial configurations. The dynamics of this model are described as follows. Some particles are randomly assigned to any site of the multidimensional cubic lattice. Initially, only particles at the origin are active and these independently perform simple random walks. The other particles are sleeping and do not move at first. When sleeping particles are hit by an active particle, they become active and start moving in a similar fashion. The aim of this paper is to derive large deviation and concentration bounds for the first passage time at which an active particle reaches a target site.
Foreign direct investment policy, domestic firms, and financial constraints
Authors: Bauerle Danzman Sarah
Published: July 2019

The past three decades have witnessed a spectacular evolution in policies toward foreign direct investment (FDI). Whose interests do these policy innovations reflect? While existing theory suggests popular pressure drives openness, I argue reforms occur when shifts in financial access change local economic elites’ policy preferences toward FDI. When large domestic firms no longer have access to cheap credit through political connections, liquidity constraints outweigh firms' preferences to exclude foreigners. Economic elites then pressure governments to pursue liberal FDI policy environments. Using a combination of measures of FDI policy for up to 166 countries from 1973–2015, I find increases in financial constraints are robustly associated with decreases in foreign equity restrictions, and this relationship is strongest when domestic political institutions favor business interests. A financing constraints explanation of FDI policy reform has important implications for explanations of policy change, theories of business power amid increased interdependence, and expectations over the distributive effects of globalization.
A Cross-Sectional Study on China’s Public Health Emergency Personnel’s Field Coping-Capacity: Need, Influencing Factors, and Improvement Options
Authors: Zhao Miaomiao , Liu Baohua , Wang Lan , Wu Qunhong , Kang Zheng , Hao Yanhua , Amporfro Daniel , Gao Lijun
Published: July 2019

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the important capacities that were most urgently needed during emergency response and factors associated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) professionals’ field coping-capacity for public health emergency.

Methods:

Professional workers (N = 1854) from 40 CDC institutions were chosen using the stratified cluster random sampling method in all 13 municipalities of Heilongjiang Province, China. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used.

Results:

Of 10 key capacities, the 3 that were most urgently needed during emergency response fieldwork as identified by respondents were crisis communication capacity, personal protection capacity, and laboratory detection capacity. Overall, 38.1% of respondents self-rated as “poor” on their coping-capacity. The logistic regression found that proficiency in emergency preparedness planning, more practical experiences in emergency response, effectiveness in training and drills, a higher education level, and a higher professional position were significantly associated with the individual’s field coping-capacity.

Conclusion:

This study identified CDC professionals’ most urgent capacity need and the obstructive factors and highlighted the importance of enhancing the capacity in crisis communication, personal protection, and laboratory detection. Intervention should be targeted at sufficient fund, formalized, and effective emergency training and drills, more operational technical guidance, and all-around supervision and evaluation.
Fish on the Move: Transporting and Processing Fish as Part of the Castle Economy in the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Kivikero Hanna
Published: July 2019

The importance of fish for the medieval and early modern economy in the Baltic Sea is known through separate studies by historians and archaeologists. This article aims to combine zooarchaeological data with account books from castles in Kastelholm (Åland Islands) and Raseborg (south-western coast of Finland) in order to understand the processing and transport of fish in the area. Fish was paid as tax by the peasants but was also fished by the castle fishermen and brought to the castles to be consumed there. Here, the preserved fish products are primarily studied through pike and cod, which represent the main economically important larger fish species in the Baltic Sea. The study reveals some differences between the castles studied and the importance of fish for the castle economy.
Hegel on the Productivity of Action: Metaphysical Questions, Non-Metaphysical Answers, and Metaphysical Answers
Authors: Maraguat Edgar
Published: July 2019

Charles Taylor claims that not only Kant, but also successors of Kant such as Fichte and Hegel, advocate a primitive concept of action, namely, a basic, irreducible, indispensable concept allegedly essential to our self-understanding. This paper shows how philosophers like Robert Brandom agree with Taylor explicitly with regard to Hegel, and attribute to him transcendental non-metaphysical arguments in support of such a concept. It then proceeds to challenge this attribution (both of the concept and the type of argument), offering a brief presentation of an alternative non-transcendental metaphysical approach to the Hegelian idea of giving actuality to a concept (or end) through a productive activity.
Microstreaming induced by acoustically trapped, non-spherically oscillating microbubbles
Authors: Cleve S. , Guédra M. , Mauger C. , Inserra C. , Blanc-Benon P.
Published: July 2019

While numerous theoretical studies exist on microstreaming around acoustically excited, trapped gas bubbles, experimental approaches have mainly been conducted for bubbles attached to a solid boundary. One of the main difficulties lies in the positional stability of the microbubble. In the present work we trigger surface modes by bubble coalescence, with the advantage of limiting translational instabilities and controlling the orientation of the axisymmetric deformation. Furthermore, streaming is visualised by fluorescent tracer particles. In this way, bubble dynamics and streaming patterns can be studied together. Different types of streaming patterns are observed and correlated to the respective mode number. Besides the mode number, the bubble size and the phase difference between modal components are identified as important parameters in the definition of the pattern type.
The lid-driven right-angled isosceles triangular cavity flow
Authors: An B. , Bergada J. M. , Mellibovsky F.
Published: July 2019

We employ lattice Boltzmann simulation to numerically investigate the two-dimensional incompressible flow inside a right-angled isosceles triangular enclosure driven by the tangential motion of its hypotenuse. While the base flow, directly evolved from creeping flow at vanishing Reynolds number, remains stationary and stable for flow regimes beyond$Re\gtrsim 13\,400$, chaotic motion is nevertheless observed from as low as$Re\simeq 10\,600$. Chaotic dynamics is shown to arise from the destabilisation, following a variant of the classic Ruelle–Takens route, of a secondary solution branch that emerges at a relatively low$Re\simeq 4908$and appears to bear no connection to the base state. We analyse the bifurcation sequence that takes the flow from steady to periodic and then quasi-periodic and show that the invariant torus is finally destroyed in a period-doubling cascade of a phase-locked limit cycle. As a result, a strange attractor arises that induces chaotic dynamics.
Core mechanisms of drag enhancement on bodies settling in a stratified fluid
Authors: Zhang Jie , Mercier Matthieu J. , Magnaudet Jacques
Published: July 2019

Stratification due to salt or heat gradients greatly affects the distribution of inert particles and living organisms in the ocean and the lower atmosphere. Laboratory studies considering the settling of a sphere in a linearly stratified fluid confirmed that stratification may dramatically enhance the drag on the body, but failed to identify the generic physical mechanism responsible for this increase. We present a rigorous splitting scheme of the various contributions to the drag on a settling body, which allows them to be properly disentangled whatever the relative magnitude of inertial, viscous, diffusive and buoyancy effects. We apply this splitting procedure to data obtained via direct numerical simulation of the flow past a settling sphere over a range of parameters covering a variety of situations of laboratory and geophysical interest. Contrary to widespread belief, we show that, in the parameter range covered by the simulations, the drag enhancement is generally not primarily due to the extra buoyancy force resulting from the dragging of light fluid by the body, but rather to the specific structure of the vorticity field set in by buoyancy effects. Simulations also reveal how the different buoyancy-induced contributions to the drag vary with the flow parameters. To unravel the origin of these variations, we analyse the different possible leading-order balances in the governing equations. Thanks to this procedure, we identify several distinct regimes which differ by the relative magnitude of length scales associated with stratification, viscosity and diffusivity. We derive the scaling laws of the buoyancy-induced drag contributions in each of these regimes. Considering tangible examples, we show how these scaling laws combined with numerical results may be used to obtain reliable predictions beyond the range of parameters covered by the simulations.
Observations of surface mass balance on Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, and the effect of strain history in fast-flowing sections
Authors: KONRAD HANNES , HOGG ANNA E. , MULVANEY ROBERT , ARTHERN ROBERT , TUCKWELL REBECCA J. , MEDLEY BROOKE , SHEPHERD ANDREW
Published: July 2019

Surface mass balance (SMB) is the net input of mass on a glacier's upper surface, composed of snow deposition, melt and erosion processes, and is a major contributor to the overall mass balance. Pine Island Glacier (PIG) in West Antarctica has been dynamically imbalanced since the early 1990s, indicating that discharge of solid ice into the oceans exceeds snow deposition. However, observations of the SMB pattern on the fast flowing regions are scarce, and are potentially affected by the firn's strain history. Here, we present new observations from radar-derived stratigraphy and a relatively dense network of firn cores, collected along a ~900 km traverse of PIG. Between 1986 and 2014, the SMB along the traverse was 0.505 m w.e. a−1on average with a gradient of higher snow deposition in the South-West compared with the North-East of the catchment. We show that along ~80% of the traverse the strain history amounts to a misestimation of SMB below the nominal uncertainty, but can exceed it by a factor 5 in places, making it a significant correction to the SMB estimate locally. We find that the strain correction changes the basin-wide SMB by ~0.7 Gt a−1and thus forms a negligible (1%) correction to the glacier's total SMB.
A cross-sectional study of the relationship of proximal smoking environments and cessation history, plans, and self-efficacy among low-income smokers
Authors: Widome Rachel , Hammett Patrick J , Joseph Anne M , Burgess Diana J , Thomas Janet L , Saul Jessie E , Clothier Barbara , Fu Steven S
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Proximal environments could facilitate smoking cessation among low-income smokers by making cessation appealing to strive for and tenable.

Aims

We sought to examine how home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors such as other household members' and peers' smoking behaviors and attitudes related to low-income smokers' past quit attempts, readiness, and self-efficacy to quit.

Methods

This analysis used data from Offering Proactive Treatment Intervention (OPT-IN) (randomized control trial of proactive tobacco cessation outreach) baseline survey, which was completed by 2,406 participants in 2011/12. We tested the associations between predictors (home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors) and outcomes (past-year quit attempts, readiness to quit, and quitting self-efficacy).

Results

Smokers who lived in homes with more restrictive household smoking rules, and/or reported having ‘important others’ who would be supportive of their quitting, were more likely to report having made a quit attempt in the past year, had greater readiness to quit, and greater self-efficacy related to quitting.

Conclusions

Adjustments to proximal environments, including strengthening household smoking rules, might encourage cessation even if other household members are smokers.
Benthic community history in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega-delta: Damming, urbanization, and environmental control
Authors: Cheung Richard Ching Wa , Yasuhara Moriaki , Iwatani Hokuto , Wei Chih-Lin , Dong Yun-wei
Published: July 2019

The coastal environment of the Changjiang delta has been influenced by recent anthropogenic activities such as dam construction and increased sewage and fertilizer inputs. Previous work examined the compositional shift of marine plankton to assess ecological impacts of these activities on marine ecosystems in the Changjiang discharge area. Here we used benthic marine ostracodes collected in the Changjiang estuary and the adjacent East China Sea in the 1980s and the 2010s, respectively, to investigate temporal changes of the benthic community and controlling factors for the benthic fauna. Our results revealed more shoreward distribution of some well-known offshore ostracode species in the 2010s compared with the 1980s and a relatively more important role for environmental processes (e.g., bottom-water temperature, bottom-water salinity, and eutrophic conditions of surface water) than spatial processes (e.g., the flow of ocean currents) in structuring ostracode compositions. The temporal changes in the ostracode community are likely attributable to the combined effects of reduced fresh water and sediment discharge and eutrophic conditions of the Changjiang due to the many dams constructed along the Changjiang and population expansion in the Changjiang Basin. Results of redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggest that ocean currents facilitated environmental filtering of ostracode species such that they could disperse to preferred environmental conditions. These findings highlight the potential uses of marine microfossils to better understand ecological impacts on benthic ecosystems in vulnerable Asian mega-deltas and provide insights into the integration of metacommunity concepts in disentangling dynamics of marine benthic communities.
MWA tied-array processing II: Polarimetric verification and analysis of two bright southern pulsars
Authors: Xue Mengyao , Ord S. M. , Tremblay S. E. , Bhat N. D. R. , Sobey C. , Meyers B. W. , McSweeney S. J. , Swainston N. A.
Published: July 2019

Polarimetric studies of pulsars at low radio frequencies provide important observational insights into the pulsar emission mechanism and beam models, and probe the properties of the magneto-ionic interstellar medium (ISM). Aperture arrays are the main form of next-generation low-frequency telescopes, including the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). These require a distinctly different approach to data processing (e.g. calibration and beamforming) compared to traditional dish antennas. As the second paper of this series, we present a verification of the MWA’s pulsar polarimetry capability, using two bright southern pulsars, PSRs J0742–2822 and J1752–2806. Our observations simultaneously cover multiple frequencies (76–313 MHz) and were taken at multiple zenith angles (ZA) during a single night for each pulsar. We show that the MWA can be reliably calibrated for ZA ≲45° and frequencies ≲270 MHz. We present the polarimetric profiles for PSRs J0742–2822 and J1752–2806 at frequencies lower than 300 MHz for the first time, along with an analysis of the linear polarisation degree and pulse profile evolution with frequency. For PSR J0742–2822, the measured degree of linear polarisation shows a rapid decrease at low frequencies, in contrast with the generally expected trend, which can be attributed to depolarisation effects from small-scale, turbulent, magneto-ionic ISM components. This effect has not been widely explored for pulsars in general and will be further investigated in future work.
Assessment of the Contamination by 14C Airborne Releases in the Vicinity of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Pabedinskas Algirdas , Maceika Evaldas , Šapolaitė Justina , Ežerinskis Žilvinas , Juodis Laurynas , Butkus Laurynas , Bučinskas Laurynas , Remeikis Vidmantas
Published: July 2019

A radiocarbon (14C) activity analysis in the tree rings around Ignalina nuclear power plant (INPP) has been carried out with the aim to test the hypothesis to use 14C tree-ring analysis data as a tool for the reconstruction of gaseous releases from NPP to the environment. The INPP has been in decommissioning state since the end of 2009. Tree-ring samples for 14C analysis were collected 7 yr after final power unit shutdown from the INPP vicinity. The samples from 5 sampling locations were collected, prepared and measured using the Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (SSAMS). Data analysis represents observable Ignalina NPP influence by 14C increase up to 15 pMC (percent modern carbon) in tree rings. Good correlations of the 14C concentrations and wind direction were obtained. The main purpose of this article was to match 14C measurement data along with the atmospheric dispersion modeling of emissions in order to retrospectively characterize the emission source.
ARISTOTLE'SETHICA EVDEMIA: THE TEXT AND CHARACTER OF THE COMMON BOOKS AS FOUND INETH. EVD.MSS
Authors: Simpson Peter L.P.
Published: July 2019

Aristotle'sEthica Eudemia(Eth. Eud.) andEthica Nicomachea(Eth. Nic.), as is well known and much discussed, contain three books in common (Eth. Eud.4–6 = Eth. Nic.5–7). Less well known, at least until Dieter Harlfinger alerted scholars to the fact in 1971, is that some of the manuscripts ofEth. Eud.do, contrary to the then prevailing consensus, contain the text of these common books. Even less well known is that Harlfinger's discovery was anticipated some 50 years before by Walter Ashburner, who had uncovered this fact aboutEth. Eud.MSS in the Laurentian library of Florence. Ashburner's anticipation of Harlfinger, however, is not the real value of his article. Its value rather is that it contains collations of readings for the common books, and thereby gives us an excellent resource for examining the text of the common books as this text is contained in exclusivelyEth. Eud.MSS. TheEth. Eud.tradition of the common books has hitherto received little attention. Modern editions ofEth. Eud.do not include these books, and editions ofEth. Nic.have other MSS for the purpose. Ashburner's collations are the more valuable because they are taken from (among others) the one MS that, in Harlfinger's learned stemma, appears as the archetype for all the rest.
PRESBYOPIC CORRUPTION: PLATO, SYMPOSIVM 219A
Authors: Allen Archibald
Published: July 2019

Alcibiades relates Socrates' warning on his proposal for a reciprocal exchange of beauty; he should take a better look (ἄμεινον σκόπει) in case he is mistaken about Socrates' beauty and true worth: ἥ τοι τῆς διανοίας ὄψις ἄρχεται ὀξὺ βλέπειν ὅταν ἡ τῶν ὀμμάτων τῆς ἀκμῆς λήγειν ἐπιχειρῆι· σὺ δὲ τούτων ἔτι πόρρω, ‘the sight of the mind, you know, begins to see sharply when the sight of the eyes attempts (?) to fade from its prime—but you (are) still far from these (developments).’
TIPPLING BUT NOT TOPPLING: EUBULUS,PCGFR. 123
Authors: Thomas Oliver
Published: July 2019

The epitome of Athenaeus does not retain all the details of how these comic fragments were embedded in the conversation which Athenaeus originally presented, though the extract's first sentence shows that one purpose was to exemplify the application of βρέχω to drinking. Editors of both Athenaeus and Eubulus have left the connection of the latter's fragment to its conversational context at that. I submit that what follows in the epitome, as well as what precedes, casts light both on that connection and on how we should restore the text.
JUVENAL 5.104: TEXT AND INTERTEXT
Authors: Cartlidge Ben
Published: July 2019

This paper draws on Juvenal's intertextual relationship with comedy to solve a textual crux involving fish-names. The monograph by Ferriss-Hill will no doubt warn scholarship away from the treatment of Roman satire's intertextuality with Old Comedy for a time. Yet, Greek comedy's influence on Roman satire is far from exhausted, and this paper will show that this influence goes more widely, and more deeply, than is usually seen. In time, one might hope for a renewed monographic treatment of the subject.
GLORY ANDNOSTOS: THE SHIP-EPITHET ΚΟΙΛΟΣ IN THEILIAD
Authors: Ward Matthew
Published: July 2019

In theIliadthe Achaean ships play a prominent role in the narrative; they are foregrounded as Achilles sits by his vessels in anger and threatens to sail home; as the Trojans come close to burning them; and as Hector's body lies by Achilles’ ships until ransomed. Where not in the foreground, the ships remain a consistent background; without them the Achaeans would not have reached Troy; they are an essential component of the Greek encampment; and are the unrealized potential vehicle of the Achaean homecoming.
Effect of supplementation with Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and vitamin E on milk lipoperoxidation in cows receiving diets containing ground soybean seeds
Authors: Santos Fabio Seiji , Zeoula Lucia Maria , De Lima Luciano Soares , De Marchi Francilaine Eloise , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Santos Nadine Woruby , Pintro Paula Matumoto , Damasceno Julio Cesar , dos Santos Geraldo Tadeu
Published: July 2019

This research communication addresses the hypothesis that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate could help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were: (1) control diet with no Yerba Mate or vitamin E; (2) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E; (3) diet containing 30 g/kg Yerba Mate; and (4) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E and 30 g/kg Yerba Mate. To increase unsaturated fatty acids in milk, cows were fed 172 g/kg soybean seeds (on a dry matter basis). There was no interaction between vitamin E and Yerba Mate supplementation for milk antioxidant-related (polyphenols, reducing power, conjugated dienes, and TBARS) analyses. Milk reducing power was increased when cows were supplemented with Yerba Mate. Our results suggest that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate does not help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk in UFA.
First case of human Gongylonema pulchrum infection in Slovenia
Authors: Kramar U. , Skvarč M. , Logar M. , Islamović S. , Kolenc M. , Šoba B.
Published: July 2019

Nematodes of the genus Gongylonema infect a wide range of mammals worldwide but are only sporadically reported in humans. We describe a case of human infection with Gongylonema pulchrum in a 41-year-old man. The patient extracted the nematode from the submucosa under his tongue and correctly self-diagnosed the infection with the help of the Google search engine. In the laboratory, the collected nematode was confirmed as G. pulchrum microscopically by morphological analysis and genetically by amplifying and sequencing the parasite's rDNA. This is the first report of human G. pulchrum infection in Slovenia.
Did the Romans Have a Future?
Authors: Shaw Brent D.
Published: July 2019

In analysing matters as diverse as state financing, strategic planning, public benefactions and long-term credit in private business transactions, the historian is faced with an underlying problem about the perceptions of time. One aspect of this problem is the manner in which pictures of a complex future are reflected in the behaviour of agents engaged in these activities. The manner in which actions were (or were not) taken by them suggests a peculiar configuration of future time in the Roman world. It is speculatively argued that perspectives on the future had analogies with the different ways in which a sense of depth was created by artists working on a two-dimensional space and with the contextual ways in which spatial perspective was employed.
GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION AND INVENTORY DEMAND FOR SILVER IN CHINA
Authors: Cao Jin , Flynn Dennis O.
Published: July 2019

This article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18thcentury, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today.
Complex Morphology Neural Network Simulation in Evolutionary Robotics
Authors: Woodford Grant W. , du Plessis Mathys C.
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates artificial neural network (ANN)-based simulators as an alternative to physics-based approaches for evolving controllers in simulation for a complex snake-like robot. Prior research has been limited to robots or controllers that are relatively simple. Benchmarks are performed in order to identify effective simulator topologies. Additionally, various controller evolution strategies are proposed, investigated and compared. Using ANN-based simulators for controller fitness estimation during controller evolution is demonstrated to be a viable approach for the high-dimensional problem specified in this work.
Cost-Effectiveness Evaluations of Psychological Therapies for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shields Gemma Elizabeth , Buck Deborah , Elvidge Jamie , Hayhurst Karen Petra , Davies Linda Mary
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This review aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for schizophrenia/bipolar disorder (BD), to determine the robustness of current evidence and identify gaps in the available evidence.

Methods

Electronic searches (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase) identified economic evaluations relating incremental cost to outcomes in the form of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio published in English since 2000. Searches were concluded in November 2018. Inclusion criteria were: adults with schizophrenia/BD; any psychological/psychosocial intervention (e.g., psychological therapy and integrated/collaborative care); probability of cost-effectiveness at explicitly defined thresholds reported. Comparators could be routine practice, no intervention, or alternative psychological therapies. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal were performed using pre-specified criteria and forms. Results were summarized qualitatively. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42017056579).

Results

Of 3,864 studies identified, 12 met the criteria for data extraction. All were integrated clinical and economic randomized controlled trials. The most common intervention was cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, 6/12 studies). The most common measure of health benefit was the quality-adjusted life-year (6/12). Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Interventions were found to be cost-effective in most studies (9/12): the probability of cost-effectiveness ranged from 35-99.5 percent. All studies had limitations and demonstrated uncertainty (particularly related to incremental costs).

Conclusions

Most studies concluded psychological interventions for schizophrenia/BD are cost-effective, including CBT, although there was notable uncertainty. Heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach strong conclusions. There is a particular need for more evidence in the population with BD and for longer-term evidence across both populations.
The conservation value of forest fragments in the increasingly agrarian landscape of Sumatra
Authors: Weiskopf Sarah R , McCarthy Jennifer L , McCarthy Kyle P , Shiklomanov Alexey N , Wibisono Hariyo T , Pusparini Wulan
Published: July 2019

Destruction of tropical rainforests reduces many unprotected habitats to small fragments of remnant forests within agricultural matrices. To date, these remnant forest fragments have been largely disregarded as wildlife habitat, and little is known about mammalian use of these areas in Sumatra. Here, we conducted camera trap surveys (2285 trap-nights) within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and five surrounding remnant forest fragments during 2010–2013 and used species composition metrics to compare use. We found 28 mammal species in the protected forest and 21 in the fragments. The fragments harboured a subset of species found in the protected forest and several species not observed in the protected forest. Critically endangered species such as Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were found in the forest fragments, along with species of conservation concern such as marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii). The biodiversity found within the fragments suggests that these small patches of remnant forest may have conservation value to certain mammal species and indicates the importance of further research into the role these habitats may play in landscape-level, multispecies conservation planning.
Reconciling with Minoaywin: First Nations Elders’ Advice to Promote Healing from Forced Displacement
Authors: Ballard Myrle , Coughlin Juliana , Martin Donna
Published: July 2019

En 2011, dans la région d’Interlake, au Manitoba, une inondation provoquée par l’homme a déplacé 17 communautés des Premières nations ayant de profonds liens ancestraux avec leurs terres. L’inondation et les déplacements forcés ont eu des effets dévastateurs dans ces communautés, incluant des morts prématurées, l’aggravation de maladies chroniques, la dépression et la solitude. En 2015, une réunion des aînés des Premières nations a rassemblé 200 personnes à Winnipeg pour discuter des moyens de se remettre des inondations provoquées. Une approche qualitative et un cadre participatif ont été utilisés pour documenter les perspectives des aînés. Vingt-trois aînés ont participé à des entrevues semi-dirigées en ojibwé et en anglais, enregistrées sur vidéo. Les discussions en petits groupes ont été documentées et transcrites en verbatim. Les recommandations des aînés sur la réconciliation avec le minoayawin (bien-être) ont été partagées par le biais d’un livret de guérison et d’un site Web. Les aînés ont partagé leurs réflexions sur le besoin de guérison de leurs peuples et de leurs communautés et ont proposé les stratégies suivantes pour aller de l’avant : pardonner, rester unis, promouvoir l’autodétermination, retrouver leur identité culturelle, et se rapprocher de la terre.
Bontly on Harm and the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: Carlson Erik , Johansson Jens
Published: July 2019

The ‘non-identity problem’ raises a well-known challenge to the person-affecting view, according to which an action can be wrong only if it affects someone for the worse. In a recent article, however, Thomas D. Bontly proposes a novel way to solve the non-identity problem in person-affecting terms. Bontly's argument is based on a contrastive causal account of harm. In this response, we argue that Bontly's argument fails even assuming that the contrastive causal account is correct.
Erratum to ‘On Percolation and the Bunkbed Conjecture’
Authors: Linusson Svante
Published: July 2019

There was an incorrect argument in the proof of the main theorem in ‘On percolation and the bunkbed conjecture’, in Combin. Probab. Comput. (2011) 20 103–117 doi: 10.1017/S0963548309990666. I thus no longer claim to have a proof for the bunkbed conjecture for outerplanar graphs.
Improving the quality of foods available in a rural kibbutz cafeteria in Israel to align with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a community culinary coaching programme
Authors: Polak Rani , Pober David , Berry Elliot M , Mazal Tehila , Arieli Rakefet , Ziv Mati
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To examine the impact of a community culinary coaching programme (CCCP) on cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet, and diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction.

Design:

A non-randomized, controlled, community-based participatory research programme. CCCP included eight 90 min coaching sessions with a community steering committee, 22 h of kitchen staff training, 12 h of pre-school staff training and 30 h of education for diners; control communities received no intervention. Outcomes, measured before and 12 months after programme initiation, included cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a food items list derived from the cafeteria food purchasing software, and adult diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction through questionnaires.

Setting:

Communal cafeterias of rural kibbutzim.

Participants:

Intervention: kibbutz with 493 adults and 214 children. Control: Two kibbutzim with a total of 487 adults and 206 children.

Results:

Intervention cafeteria food improved significantly in all Mediterranean index categories except nuts (legumes, wholegrain products, fish, MUFA/SFAP< 0·0001; fruits, vegetablesP< 0·001; processed meatsP= 0·004), and in the proportion of ultra-processed and unprocessed or minimally processed foods categories of the NOVA classification (−22 %,P< 0·001 and +7 %,P< 0·001, respectively), compared with the control community. The intervention group’s satisfaction was significantly improved in twenty-five (83 %) out of the thirty satisfaction items, compared with twelve (40 %) in the control group. No changes were identified in diners’ consumption habits in either intervention or control communities.

Conclusions:

CCCP might be useful in improving alignment of cafeteria food with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet.
Lions and Librarians: a Plea for the Intelligent Conservation of an Unnecessarily Endangered Species
Authors: Greenberg Daniel
Published: July 2019

The role of the law librarian or legal information professional is thought by some to have been diminished significantly by technological advances which provide instant access to an enormous range of materials direct to individual users at their desks. The reality is that the wide range of instantly accessible materials makes the experience and knowledge of the information professional more important, not less; and imminently expected advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence are likely to confirm the vital importance of the legal information professional at the centre of legal services.
Reflections on Current Trends and Predictions for Commercial Law Libraries
Authors: Wiggins Samuel
Published: July 2019

This article, written by Samuel Wiggins, examines current trends within commercial law firm libraries, and considers how those trends might continue over the next five to ten years. Areas considered include legal technology, the future of the library space, the role of the professional body, training, and the relationship between traditional librarianship and knowledge management.
The First Decade: the 1970s
Authors: Tearle Barbara
Published: July 2019

In this combined article, five authors provide a brief summary of the activities of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL) and the developments in law librarianship over the past 50 years, each writing about a different decade. Barbara Tearle (writing about the 1970s), Christine Miskin (the 1980s), Michael Maher (1990s), Fiona Fogden (2000s) and Narinder Toor (2010s) each bring their own experiences and memories to their writing and complete a half century of reflections to coincide with BIALL's 50th anniversary in 2019.
The BIALL Irish Group
Authors: Aston Jennefer
Published: July 2019

In the article, Jennefer Aston reflects on the involvement in BIALL of law librarians from Ireland. She writes about the development of the BIALL Irish Group, some of the challenges that Irish law librarians have faced, notes how the legal sector in Ireland grew in the 1980s and 1990s and describes the collaboration and the activities of law librarians in Ireland. She also invites former Chair of the Association, John Furlong, and current President, Renate ní Uigín, to give some thoughts too.
Petitioners and Rebels: Petitioning for Parliamentary Reform in Regency England
Authors: Poole Robert
Published: July 2019

The national petitioning campaign for parliamentary reform in 1816–17 was the biggest such movement before Chartism. It generated more than 700 local petitions with approaching a million signatures, representing perhaps 25 percent of adult males and extending the political nation well into the working classes. It was particularly strong in the Lancashire manufacturing districts, where economic grievances such as hunger and exploitation were converted through petitioning into arguments for political reform. The moving figure was Major John Cartwright, a veteran reformer who emerges as a more radical figure than usually supposed. The rejection of so many petitions by Parliament provided a legitimation for remonstrance and resistance, feeding through into extraparliamentary protests such as the march of the Manchester “Blanketeers” in 1817 and the mass platform movement of 1819 and “Peterloo.” The research combines a study of the petitions and the radical press with a close examination of the Home Office material, yielding insights into both grassroots organization and the strategies of the authorities, local and national. While the strategy of mass action was defeated by repression, the right of the unenfranchised masses to engage in political petitioning was conceded in principle long before the advent of formal democracy.
Evaluation of the time-of-day effect of herbicides applied POST on protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase–resistant and –susceptible Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Drake Copeland J. , Montgomery Garret B. , Steckel Lawrence E.
Published: July 2019

Studies to evaluate the effect of application time of day (TOD) and protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide–resistant Palmer amaranth on the efficacy of commonly used herbicides was conducted in Tennessee in 2017 and 2018. Treatments of fomesafen, lactofen, acifluorfen, paraquat, glufosinate, glufosinate plus fomesafen, paraquat plus fomesafen, and paraquat plus metribuzin were applied to PPO-resistant (PPO-R) and PPO-susceptible (PPO-S) Palmer amaranth at sunrise and midday. Control of Palmer amaranth with acifluorfen, glufosinate, and glufosinate plus fomesafen was greater with the midday application. However, control of Palmer amaranth with paraquat-based treatments was greater with the sunrise application. TOD effects on PPO-inhibiting herbicides and paraquat-based treatments were more prominent for the PPO-R Palmer amaranth biotype. The TOD effect observed when applying glufosinate in early morning hours on PPO-S Palmer amaranth can be minimized by adding fomesafen to the tank mix. However, this strategy did not provide consistent performance on PPO-R Palmer amaranth. The percentages of living Palmer amaranth plants and control were greater when paraquat plus metribuzin was applied to both biotypes. These results highlight the necessity of at least two effective herbicide sites of action for POST applications intended for controlling PPO-R Palmer amaranth. In addition, the timing of herbicide applications can affect their activity in both PPO-R and PPO-S Palmer amaranth populations.