bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic alkoxyamine‐initiator tethered by azide/alkyne‐“click”‐chemistry enabling ring‐expansion vinyl polymerization providing macrocyclic polymers
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Zeidler Sylvia , Barqawi Haitham , Enders Claudia , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: July 2010

A cyclic initiator for the nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization (NMP) is a powerful tool for the preparation of macrocyclic polymers via a ring‐expansion vinyl polymerization mechanism. For this purpose, we prepared a Hawker‐type NMP‐initiator that includes an azide and a terminal alkyne as an acyclic precursor, which is subsequently tethered via an intramolecular azide/alkyne‐“click”‐reaction, producing the final cyclic NMP‐initiator. The polymerization reactions of styrene with cyclic initiator were demonstrated and the resultant polymers were characterized by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). These results prove that the ring‐expansion polymerization of styrene occurred together with the radical ring‐crossover reactions originating from the exchange of the inherent nitroxides generating macrocyclic polystyrenes with higher expanded rings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3402–3416, 2010
Hole‐transporting host‐polymer series consisting of triphenylamine basic structures for phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Thesen Manuel W. , Höfer Bianca , Debeaux Marc , Janietz Silvia , Wedel Armin , Köhler Anna , Johannes Hans‐Hermann , Krueger Hartmut
Published: July 2010

A series of novel styrene derived monomers with triphenylamine‐based units, and their polymers have been synthesized and compared with the well‐known structure of polymer ofN,N′‐bis(3‐methylphenyl)‐N,N′‐diphenylbenzidine with respect to their hole‐transporting behavior in phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). A vinyltriphenylamine structure was selected as a basic unit, functionalized at the para positions with the following side groups: diphenylamine, 3‐methylphenyl‐aniline, 1‐ and 2‐naphthylamine, carbazole, and phenothiazine. The polymers are used in PLEDs as host polymers for blend systems with the following device configuration: glass/indium–tin–oxide/PEDOT:PSS/polymer‐blend/CsF/Ca/Ag. In addition to the hole‐transporting host polymer, the polymer blend includes a phosphorescent dopant [Ir(Me‐ppy)3] and an electron‐transporting molecule (2‐(4‐biphenyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole). We demonstrate that two polymers are excellent hole‐transporting matrix materials for these blend systems because of their good overall electroluminescent performances and their comparatively high glass transition temperatures. For the carbazole‐substituted polymer (Tg= 246 °C), a luminous efficiency of 35 cd A−1and a brightness of 6700 cd m−2at 10 V is accessible. The phenothiazine‐functionalized polymer (Tg= 220 °C) shows nearly the same outstanding PLED behavior. Hence, both these polymers outperform the well‐known polymer ofN,N′‐bis(3‐methylphenyl)‐N,N′‐diphenylbenzidine, showing only a luminous efficiency of 7.9 cd A−1and a brightness of 2500 cd m−2(10 V). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3417–3430, 2010
Water‐soluble hyperbranched polyelectrolytes with high fluorescence quantum yield: Facile synthesis and selective chemosensor for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions
Authors: Bao Biqing , Yuwen Lihui , Zhan Xiaowei , Wang Lianhui
Published: July 2010

New water‐soluble hyperbranched polyfluorenes bearing carboxylate side chains have been synthesized by the simple “A2 + B2 + C3” protocol based on Suzuki coupling polymerization. The linear polyfluorene analogue LPFA was also synthesized for comparative investigation. The optical properties of the neutral precursory polymers in CHCl3 and final carboxylic‐anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes in buffer solution were investigated. The obtained hyperbranched polyelectrolyte HPFA2 with lower content of branch unit (2%) showed excellent solubility and high fluorescence quantum yield (ϕF = 89%) in aqueous solution. Fluorescence quenching of HPFA2 by different metal ions was also investigated, the polyelectrolyte showed high selectivity for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions relative to other various metal ions in buffer solution. The Stern‐Volmer constant Ksv was determined to be 0.80 × 106 M−1 for Hg2+ and 3.11 × 106 M−1 for Cu2+, respectively, indicating the potential application of HPFA2 as a highly selective and sensitive chemosensor for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3431–3439, 2010
Thermo‐responsive glycopolymer chains grafted onto honeycomb structured porous films via RAFT polymerization as a thermo‐dependent switcher for lectin Concanavalin a conjugation
Authors: Min Eun Hee , Ting S. R. Simon , Billon Laurent , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: July 2010

Stable and surface‐modified films with regular porous arrays were created by crosslinking honeycomb structured porous films prepared via breath figures from poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride). The formation of open or closed pores of the films was controlled by the addition of a polyion complex. Subsequent crosslinking of the films with 1,8‐diaminooctane led to films, which maintain their structure in solvents. In addition, excess amino functionality after crosslinking allowed the attachment of RAFT agent, 3‐benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sulfanylpropionic acid, for the controlled surface polymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and N‐acryloyl glucosamine (AGA). The attachment of thermo‐responsive glycopolymers onto the honeycomb structured porous films was confirmed using contact angle measurements and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cleavage of surface anchored polymers via aminolysis revealed that the molecular weights of the surface grafted chains are significantly larger than the molecular weight of the chains generated in solution. The honeycomb structured porous films with their grafted PNIPAAm‐ran‐PAGA polymer chains showed selective recognition of Concanavalin A (ConA). Below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the surface, the conjugation is switched off, while above the LCST the surface grafted glucose moieties bind strongly to ConA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3440–3455, 2010
Intrinsic viscosity of polyacrolein
Authors: Seibert E. E.
Published: July 2010

When acrolein is polymerized to polyacrolein, a rapid control procedure is required in order to follow the degree of polymerization. Polyacrolein is insoluble in most organic liquids and in water but dissolves in sulfurous acid with the formation of a polyelectrolyte. Ionization of the polymer is suppressed by adding sodium sulfate, and consequently the viscosity of solutions with respect to concentration may be obtained. The intrinsic viscosity may be obtained from the viscosity of a single concentration by use of a correlation between specific viscosity and the product of intrinsic viscosity and concentration obtained from data on many four point determinations. The effects of various concentrations of suppression ions, the level of pH, aging of solutions, and some organic solvents are discussed. The variables which affect the intrinsic viscosity arts empirically established for the greatest degree of repeatability.
The crystallization of branched polymers. II. Substitutional solution of side chains
Authors: Vonk C. G.
Published: July 2010

The crystalline structure of bulk polyethylene containing short chain branches was investigated with the aid of small‐angle and wide‐angle x‐ray scattering. The crystalline density obtained from measurements of the invariant, the crystallinity, and the overall density were compared with the crystalline density following from the lattice constants. Good agreement was found for linear and alkyl branched samples; however systematic differences were observed for copolymers containing ester and carboxylic acid side groups. These results are explained by assuming the side groups to enter into the crystalline lattice by substitutional solution rather than at interstitial positions. The chains around the side groups would have to show a kinked structure. This type of crystallization is in agreement with the principle of optimal space filling laid down by Kitaigorodskii [5].
The Use of Rectus Sheath Catheters as an Analgesic Technique for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Parsons B.A. , Aning J. , Daugherty M.O. , McGrath J.S.
Published: July 2010

Introduction:

Despite improvements in peri-operative care and the recent introduction of enhanced recovery protocols, radical cystectomy continues to be associated with a greater morbidity and a more prolonged in-patient stay than other urological procedures. There is significant scope for improvement and it is now well recognised that the analgesic technique used can impact on post-operative recovery. In this paper, we report on our early experience of using bilateral rectus sheath catheters (RSC) and highlight potential benefits of the technique.

Methods:

Over a 12-month period between November 2007 and November 2008, 20 patients underwent a radical cystectomy performed by a single surgeon and anaesthetist. Ten patients had bilateral rectus sheath catheters sited under ultrasound-guidance and they were compared to a preceding group of 10 patients who had epidural catheters inserted. Data were analysed retrospectively and primary outcome measures included pain scores, ileus rates, time to bowel opening and length of stay.

Results:

The demographics of the two groups showed no significant differences. Analgesic effect was equivalent between the groups. The time to passage of flatus and bowel opening was similar between the 2 groups. There was a slightly lower ileus rate and a shorter median length of stay in the RSC group (13 vs. 15 days) though the data are non-randomised and case numbers were small. Practical benefits in the placement and post-operative care of the RSCs were also observed.

Conclusion:

The rectus sheath block is a novel analgesic technique that appears to have an equivalent analgesic effect to epidurals in this early observational case series. RSCs have other potential advantages including earlier mobilisation and reduced burden on nursing and medical staff, thus making it ideally suited to an enhanced recovery protocol. Larger studies are needed to confirm the findings of the current case series.
Brown vs white adipocytes: The PPARγ coregulator story
Authors: Koppen Arjen , Kalkhoven Eric
Published: July 2010

The development of adipose tissue is a process which involves the concerted cooperation of numerous transcription factors together with their coactivators and corepressors. The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is considered to be one of the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. The presence of two functionally distinct types of adipose tissue, white and brown (WAT and BAT), requires an even more complex regulation of adipose tissue development. In this review we will focus on the role of PPARγ coregulators in adipogenesis and especially on the role of PPARγ coregulators in white and brown adipose tissue. Specificity in coregulator function in WAT and BAT may form an additional level of regulation of adipose tissue development.
MEK inhibitors suppress β‐amyloid production by altering the level of a β‐C‐terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein in neuronal cells
Authors: Araki Wataru , Kametani Fuyuki , Oda Akiko , Tamaoka Akira
Published: July 2010

β‐Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is generated via sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases. Cell‐based screening experiments disclosed that the MEK (MAP kinase kinase) inhibitors, U0126 and PD184352, suppress Aβ secretion from human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells expressing Swedish mutant APP. These inhibitors did not affect the cellular levels of APP but significantly reduced those of the APP β‐C‐terminal fragment (β‐CTF). Additionally, β‐CTF levels were markedly reduced by these inhibitors in cells expressing the fragment in a γ‐secretase‐independent and proteasome‐dependent manner. Our results suggest that MEK inhibitors reduce Aβ generation via secretase‐independent alteration of β‐CTF levels.
Role of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein in VEGF induced blood–brain barrier permeability in endothelial cell monolayers
Authors: Davis Brandon , Tang Jun , Zhang Li , Mu Dezhi , Jiang Xiangning , Biran Valerie , Vexler Zinaida , Ferriero Donna M.
Published: July 2010

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as stroke and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in angiogenesis and vasogenic edema during stroke and hypoxia. However, the role of VEGF in BBB permeability after hypoxia has not been fully elucidated. We therefore investigated VEGF effects in an in vitro BBB model using rbcec4 endothelial cell line with the stimulation of VEGF or hypoxia. In this study, BBB permeability was studied using 14C‐sucrose detection. The expression of BBB tight junction protein ZO‐1, and the expression and phosphorylation of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were determined using fluorescent immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses. We found that hypoxia upregulated VEGF expression, and VEGF increased BBB permeability. Hypoxia also increased VASP phosphorylation, which was mediated, in part, through VEGFR2. We also found that VASP at tight junctions was co‐localized with ZO‐1 in cell–cell contacts. Our findings show that VASP phosphorylation is affected by hypoxia and VEGFR2 inhibition suggesting a role for VASP in BBB permeability.
A Review of Information Management Practices for Health Ministries
Authors: Lau Francis , Protti Denis , Coward Patricia
Published: July 2010

This is a review paper on best practices in information management for health ministries in governments. It is based on a recent study in which we examined information management (IM) and information technology (IT) functions inside a provincial health ministry. In order to foster best IM practices we offer five key guiding principles followed by five recommendations for action. We urge governments to consider these principles and recommendations when planning the IM function for their health ministries.
Point de vue des thérapeutes sur la gestion et la prestation des services d'ergothérapie et de physiothérapie
Authors: Rivard Annette , Hollis Vivien , Darrah Johanna , Madill Helen , Warren Sharon
Published: July 2010

On a examiné les retombées de la restructuration des services de santé sur le quotidien des ergothérapeutes et des physiothérapeutes. Quatre grandes questions sont ressorties: Mauvaise compréhension du cadre de pratique; absence d'une perspective de réadaptation dans le processus décisionnel; absence d'un tracé d'avancement professionnel; et obstacles au maintien et à l'amélioration de la compétence professionnelle. Le présent article décrit les retombées de ces questions sur les soins aux patients et sur l'ensemble du système de santé. Des recommandations sont formulées pour la mise en place d'une structure améliorée dans le cadre d'un paradigme de gestion interdisciplinaire qui assurerait l'utilisation à bon escient des ressources du système de santé.
Implementing Telehomecare: Process and Issues from Managers' Perspectives
Authors: Atack Lynda , Duff Diane
Published: July 2010

An innovative telehomecare project was recently undertaken in East York, Toronto to deliver integrated, video-based remote care to patients with chronic illnesses. Research conducted with healthcare managers uncovered a number of key issues, including organizational readiness, recruitment, funding/reimbursement, clinical care, support and training and sustainability. The results of the study indicate that implementing telehomecare involves much more than adding equipment; it is about change management and care re-design.
Evaluating the Fraser Health Balanced Scorecard — A Formative Evaluation
Authors: Barnardo Catherine , Jivanni Amin
Published: July 2010

Fraser Health (FH), a large, Canadian, integrated health care network, adopted the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach to monitor organizational performance in 2006. This paper reports on the results of a formative evaluation, conducted in April, 2008, to assess the usefulness of the BSC as a performance-reporting system and a performance management tool. Results indicated that the BSC has proven to be useful for reporting performance but is not currently used for performance management in a substantial way.
Encouraging Self—Care within a Primary Health Care Framework
Authors: O'Neill Mary Lou , Kennedy Evelyn , MacPhee Cyndee
Published: July 2010

This study was undertaken primarily to evaluate Do I Need to See the Doctor?, a book designed to assist young families to self-manage common health problems. In addition, the study sought to determine whether providing an introductory explanation to the book had an impact on the respondents' perceived usefulness of it. Comparisons of emergency room visits were made for the timeframe of the study and for the previous year. Study results support the book's usefulness in increasing respondents' confidence to make knowledgeable, informed self-care decisions. Providing explanations did not affect the book's usefulness. A link between emergency room visits and the book requires further study.
Organizational Learning and Continuous Quality Improvement: Examining the Impact on Nursing Home Performance
Authors: Rondeau Kent V. , Wagar Terry H.
Published: July 2010

Interest is growing in learning more about the ability of total quality management and continuous quality improvement (TQM/CQI) initiatives to contribute to the performance of healthcare organizations. A major factor in the successful implementation of TQM/CQI is the seminal contribution of an organization's culture. Many implementation efforts have not succeeded because of a corporate culture that failed to stress broader organizational learning. This may help to explain why some TQM/CQI programs have been unsuccessful in improving healthcare organization performance. Organizational performance variables and organizational learning orientation were assessed in a sample of 181 Canadian long-term care organizations that had implemented a formal TQM/CQI program. Categorical regression analysis shows that, in the absence of a strong corporate culture that stresses organizational learning and employee development, few performance enhancements are reported. The results of the assessment suggest that a TQM/CQI program without the backing of a strong organizational learning culture may be insufficient to achieve augmented organizational performance.
Toward an Accountability Framework for Canadian Healthcare
Authors: Shortt S.E.D. , MacDonald J.K.
Published: July 2010

State-funded healthcare systems increasingly recognize accountability as an important public policy issue. This article explores significant aspects of current theory and practice in order to describe an accountability framework for the Canadian health system. Stakeholders include governments, institutions, providers and patients. Their relationships may be framed in constitutional, political, financial, managerial, clinical or ethical terms. The specific processes and instruments to operationalize accountability depend on the terms by which it is framed.
Ambulatory Health Centres (Part 2): Advantages and Disadvantages from a Parsonian Perspective
Authors: Rodriguez Rosario , Champagne François , Contandriopoulos André-Pierre
Published: July 2010

In a previous article, we described a set of 15 potential models of ambulatory centres, created through the merger of several independent university hospitals. In this article, we estimate the plausible performance of such models, using the Parsonian approach to social systems. We have also taken several dimensions concerning organizational performance into consideration and developed a system of performance hypotheses.
Running to Stand Still: Change and Management in Canadian Healthcare
Authors: Rathwell Thomas , Persaud D. David
Published: July 2010

There is a pervasive belief among health system reformers that new public management techniques such as decentralization and market-based approaches will provide the answers to what ails healthcare systems. In this first installment of a two-part discussion, the assumptions and empirical evidence underpinning these techniques are scrutinized, and the effect of their implementation on those who manage the healthcare system is assessed. Other paradigms for delivering healthcare will be considered and described in the second article of this series. Healthcare systems around the world have been buffeted by rising costs, perceived inefficient use of resources, and consumer and provider dissatisfaction with the delivery and outcomes of care.
2020 Healthcare Management in Canada: A New Model Home Next Door
Authors: Taylor D. Wayne
Published: July 2010

The Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada asked whether Medicare is sustainable in its present form. Well, Medicare is not sustainable for at least six reasons. Given a long list of factors, such as Canada's changing dependency ratio, the phenomenon of diminishing returns from increased taxation, competing provincial expenditure needs, low labour and technological productivity in government-funded healthcare, the expectations held by baby boomers, and the evolving value sets of Canadians—Medicare will impoverish Canada within the next couple of decades if not seriously recast. As distasteful as parallel private-pay, private-choice healthcare may be to some policy makers and providers who grew up in the 1960s, the reality of the 2020s will dictate its necessity as a pragmatic solution to a systemic problem.
Day Medicine: An Urgent Internal Medicine Clinic and Medical Procedures Suite
Authors: Biem H. Jay , Cotton David , McNeil Shirley , Boechler Alice , Gudmundson Debra
Published: July 2010

During Saskatchewan's healthcare reform of the 1990s, the number of acute hospital beds in Saskatoon District Health was cut in half. The emergency room and outpatient facilities were not able to accommodate an increasing number of patients needing urgent assessments and medical procedures. In this article, we describe the development, implementation and utilization of a day medicine program. This description may be useful to others planning healthcare delivery to medical patients, especially in a setting of resource constraint.
Indicators of Consistency of Home Care Providers under Managed Competition: A Case Report from Ontario
Authors: Harju Melanie , Woodward Christel A.
Published: July 2010

The study reported in this article examined the components of the benchmarks used to monitor consistency of provider by home care agencies competing for nursing and homemaking contracts in the Hamilton-Wentworth Community Care Access Centre. Comparisons of the impact on provider continuity of varying components of the benchmarks demonstrated that current benchmarks reveal little about the extent to which consistency of provider is achieved. Uniform standards must be adopted to allow for comparisons across agencies.
Management Competencies for Canadian Health Executives: Views from the Field
Authors: MacKinnon Neil J. , Chow Catherine , Kennedy Pamela L. , Persaud D. David , Metge Colleen J. , Sketris Ingrid
Published: July 2010

In August 2003, a national survey of 485 (56% response rate) Canadian health service managers and executives ranked the importance and assessed their proficiency in 31 managerial competencies. While the survey respondents appear to agree with the importance of the 31 competencies, we have identified a gap between the perceived level of importance and self-assessed proficiency level that should be addressed by the Canadian College of Health Service Executives.
Modern England, 1901–1984
Authors: Havighurst Alfred F.
Published: July 2010

This edition thoroughly updates the most comprehensive bibliography of printed books, articles, and standard texts on England in the twentieth century. As well as England, there is considerable information on Ireland, Scotland, the Commonwealth and the colonies. All aspects of the period are included except literature per se and local history that is of restricted relevance. The book also contains chapters on existing bibliographies, catalogues, guides, handbooks and general surveys as well as an index of authors, editors and translators. This handbook will be a useful tool for scholars and teachers at all levels, as well as the general reader interested in examining the period in depth.
Modernism, Narrative and Humanism
Authors: Sheehan Paul
Published: July 2010

In Modernism, Narrative and Humanism, Paul Sheehan attempts to redefine modernist narrative for the twenty-first century. For Sheehan modernism presents a major form of critique of the fundamental presumptions of humanism. By pairing key modernist writers with philosophical critics of the humanist tradition, he shows how modernists sought to discover humanism's inhuman potential. He examines the development of narrative during the modernist period and sets it against, among others, the nineteenth-century philosophical writings of Schopenhauer , Darwin and Nietzsche. Focusing on the major novels and poetics of Conrad, Lawrence, Woolf and Beckett, Sheehan investigates these writers' mistrust of humanist orthodoxy and their consequent transformations and disfigurations of narrative order. He reveals the crucial link between the modernist novel's narrative concerns and its philosophical orientation in a book that will be of compelling interest to scholars of modernism and literary theory.
The Church and the Churches
Authors: Evans G. R.
Published: July 2010

Individual churches today have a lively ecumenical consciousness, but they often express anxieties about what will become of them in a future united Church. Questions are being asked about the goal of such unity. In this book, G. R. Evans asks what we mean by 'a church', and how different Christian bodies have understood the way 'a church' is related to 'the Church'. She surveys the nature of unity and what the fullness of the communion being reached for might consist of; the place of diversity of faith and order in a united Church, or ways in which there can go on being many churches in one Church and how they might be related to it; and questions about the common structures one Church would need, and the way in which it could come to think and act as a single 'body' of Christ. The book concludes with a discussion of the concept of 'communion', which now looks very hopeful ecumenically as a guide to the way forward.
Accounting for War
Authors: Harrison Mark
Published: July 2010

In this book Mark Harrison rebuilds and analyses the Soviet economy's wartime statistical record, examining its prewar size and composition, and wartime changes in GNP, employment, the defence burden, and the role of foreign aid. Complementing classic long-run growth studies, the book compares the Soviet experience with that of other great powers. It emphasises the severity of current costs and capital losses arising from the war, which had a negative effect on GNP that persisted well after the end of the war. The results are based on a comprehensive analysis of hitherto closed official documents, shedding light on the dimensions of the Soviet war effort, the comparative economics of the war, and its long-term impact on the Soviet economy.
Deciphering Global Epidemics
Authors: Cliff Andrew , Haggett Peter , Smallman-Raynor Matthew
Published: July 2010

Using data collected for 350 cities from around the world, the authors use a variety of analytical methods to provide a global picture of what was happening to infectious epidemic diseases at a critical period in urban evolution on the international stage. The diseases considered are diphtheria, enteric fever, measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. To place the results in a wider time context, other data are used to look both backwards and forwards for nearly a century on either side of the twenty-five-year time window. The book presents a number of results that may be interpreted in the context of debates on the causes of long-term mortality decline from these infectious diseases. It will be of interest to students of demography, history of medicine, and economic history as well as to researchers already active in these fields.
The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660–1760
Authors: Chaudhuri K. N.
Published: July 2010

The main contribution of the work is to offer a comprehensive history of the English East India Company during the century 1660–1760. It also examines the commercial economy of the Asian countries in which the Company traded and its political relations with Asian princes. Finally, it is a study of business and economic decision-making under pre-modern conditions. The book is based on an extensive analysis of the quantitative and qualitative material available in the Company's archives. The data-processing of the quantitative evidence and its subsequent statistical analysis was carried out on a computer, and the book contains comprehensive tables on the volume and value of the Company's trade, prices of commercial goods, and on monetary and financial history. The extensive scope of the book and its consideration not only of the Company but of the economies in which it operated make it essential reading for all concerned with the economic history of the period, both of Europe and Asia. The techniques used in analysing the original data and their theoretical framework make it of methodological interest to economic historians.
Auslander-Buchweitz Approximations of Equivariant Modules
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuyasu
Published: July 2010

This book, first published in 2000, focuses on homological aspects of equivariant modules. It presents a homological approximation theory in the category of equivariant modules, unifying the Cohen-Macaulay approximations in commutative ring theory and Ringel's theory of delta-good approximations for quasi-hereditary algebras and reductive groups. The book provides a detailed introduction to homological algebra, commutative ring theory and homological theory of comodules of co-algebras over an arbitrary base. It aims to overcome the difficulty of generalising known homological results in representation theory. This book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in algebra, specialising in commutative ring theory and representation theory.
Civility and Subversion
Authors: Goldfarb Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2010

This 1998 book provides a sophisticated alternative to existing accounts of the role of the intellectual in modern democracy. Arguing that society suffers from a systemic deliberation deficit, Jeffrey Goldfarb explores the potential of the intellectual as democratic agent, at once civilizing political contestation and subverting complacent consensus. The sentimental Leftist view of the intellectual as guardian of democracy and the demonising Rightist view of the intellectual as obstructor of progress, are both shown to be flawed. Instead, intellectuals are portrayed as special kinds of 'strangers' who pay careful attention to their critical faculties, equipping them uniquely to address the most pressing issues of today. Professor Goldfarb deploys classical and contemporary social theory to analyse a diverse set of intellectuals in action, from Socrates in fifth-century Athens to Malcolm X and Toni Morrison in twentieth-century America, and, drawing on personal acquaintance, the political dissidents in Communist and post-Communist Central Europe.
Church and Culture in Seventeenth-Century France
Authors: Phillips Henry
Published: July 2010

Church and Culture in Seventeenth-Century France brings together the social, religious and intellectual history of the Grand Siecle and focuses on the involvement of the Church in a variety of cultural domains, including literature, art, censorship and ideas. It explores the limits as well as the extent of the Church's influence, especially in its attempt to impose orthodoxy in all areas and on all sections of society. Given that orthodoxy determines the believer's inclusion or exclusion from the Church, thus implying the notion of boundaries in a context of constraint, the study is conceived according to a number of spaces. The notion of space is sometimes interpreted literally, e.g. Port-Royal, the school and the church building, and sometimes metaphorically, e.g. orthodoxy itself, science and theology. The book also deals with religious attitudes to libertinage, atheism and deism, and with aspects of French Protestantism.
Greeks Bearing Gifts
Authors: Mitchell Lynette G.
Published: July 2010

Using models from social anthropology as its basis, this book looks at the role of personal relationships in classical Greece and their bearing on interstate politics. It begins with a discussion of what friendship meant in the Greek world of the classical period, and then shows how the models for friendship in the private sphere were mirrored in the public sphere at both domestic and interstate level. As well as relations between Greeks (in particular those in Athens and Sparta), Dr Mitchell looks at Greek relations with those on the margins of the Greek world, particularly the state of Macedon, and with neighbouring non-Greeks such as the Thracians and the Persians. She finds that these other cultures did not always have the same understanding of what friendship was, and that this led to misunderstandings and difficulties in the relations between non-Greeks and Greeks.
Computerized Data Acquisition and Analysis for the Life Sciences
Authors: Young Simon S.
Published: July 2010

Computerized data acquisition systems are often the principle method of recording experimental results. This book takes the reader step-by-step through the process of data acquisition and analysis, explaining how to set up the systems and then obtain useful information from the data recorded. In an easy-to-read style, it guides researchers through the basics of data acquisition systems, explains the important underlying concepts, and gives numerous examples of how to analyze the recorded information. While aimed at researchers in the life sciences, the topics covered are general and will be valuable to anyone interested in learning to use data acquisition systems. The principles can be applied to the collection of data from respiratory apparatus to behavioral science experiments, and a host of other situations. Many illustrations and worked examples accompany the text, and the mathematics are kept simple. This book is an invaluable tool for the non-engineer who is collecting and analyzing experimental data using data acquisition systems.
Good Citizenship in America
Authors: Ricci David M.
Published: July 2010

Good Citizenship in America describes a civic ideal of who enjoys membership in the state and what obligations that entails, and traces its history in America. Until 1865, this ideal called for virtuous political behavior (republicanism) but extended the franchise beyond early republican expectations (democracy). The book follows the widening of the franchise to women and people of color and to those with little or no property following economic development post 1865. In the twentieth century, the civic ideal was influenced by the increase of consumerism, its peak after World War II, and its subsequent decline. More recent citizenship, informed by environmental problems and growing global Darwinism, places a bigger and bigger emphasis on the 'economic conscience'. This is an easily accessible analysis of civic trends in America, and one that highlights much of what is decent in American life.
Coding the Universe
Authors: Beller A. , Jensen R. , Welch P.
Published: July 2010

Axiomatic set theory is the concern of this book. More particularly, the authors prove results about the coding of models M, of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory together with the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis by using a class 'forcing' construction. By this method they extend M to another model L[a] with the same properties. L[a] is Gödels universe of 'constructible' sets L, together with a set of integers a which code all the cardinality and cofinality structure of M. Some applications are also considered. Graduate students and research workers in set theory and logic will be especially interested by this account.
Logical Foundations of Proof Complexity
Authors: Cook Stephen , Nguyen Phuong
Published: July 2010

This book treats bounded arithmetic and propositional proof complexity from the point of view of computational complexity. The first seven chapters include the necessary logical background for the material and are suitable for a graduate course. Associated with each of many complexity classes are both a two-sorted predicate calculus theory, with induction restricted to concepts in the class, and a propositional proof system. The complexity classes range from AC0 for the weakest theory up to the polynomial hierarchy. Each bounded theorem in a theory translates into a family of (quantified) propositional tautologies with polynomial size proofs in the corresponding proof system. The theory proves the soundness of the associated proof system. The result is a uniform treatment of many systems in the literature, including Buss's theories for the polynomial hierarchy and many disparate systems for complexity classes such as AC0, AC0(m), TC0, NC1, L, NL, NC, and P.
Locally Convex Spaces over Non-Archimedean Valued Fields
Authors: Perez-Garcia C. , Schikhof W. H.
Published: July 2010

Non-Archimedean functional analysis, where alternative but equally valid number systems such as p-adic numbers are fundamental, is a fast-growing discipline widely used not just within pure mathematics, but also applied in other sciences, including physics, biology and chemistry. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive treatment of non-Archimedean locally convex spaces. The authors provide a clear exposition of the basic theory, together with complete proofs and new results from the latest research. A guide to the many illustrative examples provided, end-of-chapter notes and glossary of terms all make this book easily accessible to beginners at the graduate level, as well as specialists from a variety of disciplines.
Surface Diffusion
Authors: Antczak Grazyna , Ehrlich Gert
Published: July 2010

For the first time, this book unites the theory, experimental techniques and computational tools used to describe the diffusion of atoms, molecules and nanoparticles across metal surfaces. Starting with an outline of the formalism that describes diffusion on surfaces, the authors guide the reader through the principles of atomic movement, before moving on to diffusion under special circumstances, such as the presence of defects or foreign species. With an initial focus on the behaviour of single entities on a surface, later chapters address the movement of clusters of atoms and the interactions between adatoms. While there is a special emphasis on experimental work, attention is paid to the increasingly valuable contributions theoretical work has made in this field. This book has wide interdisciplinary appeal and is ideal for researchers in solid state physics, chemistry as well as materials science, and engineering.
Lagrangian Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bennett Andrew
Published: July 2010

The emergence of observing systems such as acoustically-tracked floats in the deep ocean, and surface drifters navigating by satellite has seen renewed interest in Lagrangian fluid dynamics. Starting from the foundations of elementary kinematics and assuming some familiarity of Eulerian fluid dynamics, this 2006 book reviews the classical and new exact solutions of the Lagrangian framework, and then addresses the general solvability of the resulting general equations of motion. A unified account of turbulent diffusion and dispersion is offered, with applications among others to plankton patchiness in the ocean. Written at graduate level, the book provides the first detailed and comprehensive analytical development of the Lagrangian formulation of fluid dynamics, of interest not only to applied mathematicians but also oceanographers, meteorologists, mechanical engineers, astrophysicists and indeed all investigators of the dynamics of fluids.
The Descriptive Set Theory of Polish Group Actions
Authors: Becker Howard , Kechris Alexander S.
Published: July 2010

In this book the authors present their research into the foundations of the theory of Polish groups and the associated orbit equivalence relations. The particular case of locally compact groups has long been studied in many areas of mathematics. Non-locally compact Polish groups occur naturally as groups of symmetries in such areas as logic (especially model theory), ergodic theory, group representations, and operator algebras. Some of the topics covered here are: topological realizations of Borel measurable actions; universal actions; applications to invariant measures; actions of the infinite symmetric group in connection with model theory (logic actions); dichotomies for orbit spaces (including Silver, Glimm-Effros type dichotomies and the topological Vaught conjecture); descriptive complexity of orbit equivalence relations; definable cardinality of orbit spaces.
Making the Market
Authors: Johnson Paul
Published: July 2010

Corporate capitalism was invented in nineteenth-century Britain; most of the market institutions that we take for granted today - limited companies, shares, stock markets, accountants, financial newspapers - were Victorian creations. So were the moral codes, the behavioural assumptions, the rules of thumb and the unspoken agreements that made this market structure work. This innovative study provides the first integrated analysis of the origin of these formative capitalist institutions, and reveals why they were conceived and how they were constructed. It explores the moral, economic and legal assumptions that supported this formal institutional structure, and which continue to shape the corporate economy of today. Tracing the institutional growth of the corporate economy in Victorian Britain and demonstrating that many of the perceived problems of modern capitalism - financial fraud, reckless speculation, excessive remuneration - have clear historical precedents, this is a major contribution to the economic history of modern Britain.
Stated Choice Methods
Authors: Louviere Jordan J. , Hensher David A. , Swait Joffre D. , Adamowicz Wiktor
Published: July 2010

Understanding and predicting the behaviour of decision makers when choosing among discrete goods has been one of the most fruitful areas of applied research over the last thirty years. An understanding of individual consumer behaviour can lead to significant changes in product or service design, pricing strategy, distribution channel and communication strategy selection, as well as public welfare analysis. This graduate and practitioner guide, first published in 2000, deals with the study and prediction of consumer choice behaviour, concentrating on stated preference (SP) methods - placing decision makers in controlled experiments that yield hypothetical choices - rather than revealed preferences (RP) - actual choices in the market. It shows how SP methods can be implemented, from experimental design to econometric modelling, and suggests how to combine RP and SP data to get the best from each type. The book also presents an update of econometric approaches to choice modelling.
Theory of Financial Risk and Derivative Pricing
Authors: Bouchaud Jean-Philippe , Potters Marc
Published: July 2010

Risk control and derivative pricing have become of major concern to financial institutions, and there is a real need for adequate statistical tools to measure and anticipate the amplitude of the potential moves of the financial markets. Summarising theoretical developments in the field, this 2003 second edition has been substantially expanded. Additional chapters now cover stochastic processes, Monte-Carlo methods, Black-Scholes theory, the theory of the yield curve, and Minority Game. There are discussions on aspects of data analysis, financial products, non-linear correlations, and herding, feedback and agent based models. This book has become a classic reference for graduate students and researchers working in econophysics and mathematical finance, and for quantitative analysts working on risk management, derivative pricing and quantitative trading strategies.
How to Price
Authors: Shy Oz
Published: July 2010

Over the past four decades, business and academic economists, operations researchers, marketing scientists, and consulting firms have increased their interest and research on pricing and revenue management. This book introduces the reader to a wide variety of research results on pricing techniques in a unified, systematic way and at varying levels of difficulty. The book contains a large number of exercises and solutions and therefore can serve as a main or supplementary course textbook, as well as a reference guidebook for pricing consultants, managers, industrial engineers, and writers of pricing software applications. Despite a moderate technical orientation, the book is accessible to readers with a limited knowledge in these fields as well as to readers who have had more training in economics.
State-Directed Development
Authors: Kohli Atul
Published: July 2010

Why have some developing country states been more successful at facilitating industrialization than others? An answer to this question is developed by focusing both on patterns of state construction and intervention aimed at promoting industrialization. Four countries are analyzed in detail - South Korea, Brazil, India, and Nigeria - over the twentieth century. The states in these countries varied from cohesive-capitalist (mainly in Korea), through fragmented-multiclass (mainly in India), to neo-patrimonial (mainly in Nigeria). It is argued that cohesive-capitalist states have been most effective at promoting industrialization and neo-patrimonial states the least. The performance of fragmented-multiclass states falls somewhere in the middle. After explaining in detail as to why this should be so, the study traces the origins of these different state types historically, emphasizing the role of different types of colonialisms in the process of state construction in the developing world.
Combustion Physics
Authors: Law Chung K.
Published: July 2010

This graduate-level 2006 text incorporates these advances in a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental principles of combustion physics. The presentation emphasises analytical proficiency and physical insight, with the former achieved through complete, though abbreviated, derivations at different levels of rigor, and the latter through physical interpretations of analytical solutions, experimental observations, and computational simulations. Exercises are mostly derivative in nature in order to further strengthen the student's mastery of the theory. Implications of the fundamental knowledge gained herein on practical phenomena are discussed whenever appropriate. These distinguishing features provide a solid foundation for an academic program in combustion science and engineering.
Meter in Poetry
Authors: Fabb Nigel , Halle Morris
Published: July 2010

Many of the great works of world literature are composed in metrical verse, that is, in lines which are measured and patterned. Meter in Poetry: A New Theory is the first book to present a single simple account of all known types of metrical verse, which is illustrated with detailed analyses of poems in many languages, including English, Spanish, Italian, French, classical Greek and Latin, Sanskrit, classical Arabic, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Latvian. This outstanding contribution to the study of meter is aimed both at students and scholars of literature and languages, as well as anyone interested in knowing how metrical verse is made.