bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISTORY: PENGEMBANGAN KAMUS DIGITAL SEJARAH BERBASIS VISUAL BASIC PADA MATERI KERAJAAN TARUMANEGARA
Authors: Alim Muhammad Rofiul
Published: June 2021

The transformation of learning in the 21st century requires an adjustment between the development of science and technology. Learning sources are part of the learning system that is transformed from conventional learning sources into digital-based learning sources. Digital-based learning sources are considered more practical than conventional learning sources. Digital-based learning sources can be applied to history, which many students get bored easily when studying. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a digital-based learning source for history that makes it easier for students to study it. Digital History Dictionary (Distory) is an application of a digital-based learning source that has been developed based on learning requirement analysis. Distory also can make it easier for students to find and learn history. The main purpose of the development of Distory is an innovation of digital-based historical learning sources that is economical, practical, flexible, and appropriate with learning objectives. The research methodology used in the research and development of Distory, was based on Sugiyono’s research model, namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) design revision; (6) small class trials; (7) product revision; (8) large class trials; (9) product revision; and (10) mass production. Distory is validated by experts as a basis for product improvement before field trials are carried out. Small and large class trials were carried out on the students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Batu. The results of the validation of media experts, small class trials, and large class trials were 85 percent, 88.75 percent, and 89 percent, respectively. Based on these results, the development of Distory can be categorized as very decent and ready to be implemented.
RELEVANSI MUATAN HISTORIS DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL SEJARAH RORO MENDUT VERSI Y. B. MANGUNWIYA DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Aditya Febri Kevin , Lutfi Ismail , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: June 2021

The digital age is inevitable. The rapid influence of the digitization process has led to a deterioration of character values in students. Students' characters can be built through historical learning based on the search for meaning in the text of historical novels by exploring the educational value of the characters in them. This research aims to describe the value of character education in Roro Mendut historical novel version Y.B. Mangunwijaya and its relevance as reflective material to overcome various challenges of the digital age. This research is qualitative with Ferdinand de Saussure semiological analysis as an analytical technique. The results of this study showed the existence of historical content and found five main educational character values set by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The historical content and educational characters values found to have relevance to the modern life of the digital age. Relevance can be pursued as a historical learning material that builds the character of students. To be utilized in history learning in the classroom, special learning methods are required.
Inversión en línea y emociones durante la experiencia del usuario de un videojuego
Authors: Aucay-Orellana Diana Carolina , Culqui-Cuenca Julio Alejandro , Tinoco-Egas Raquel Miroslava , Herrera-Peña Jonathan Neptalí
Published: June 2021

La era tecnológica ha transformado los hábitos y las costumbres de muchas personas, creando la nueva cultura digital; siendo las últimas generaciones quienes han conseguido adaptarse con mayor facilidad. El presente trabajo investigativo recaba información que puede ser utilizada por la industria de los videojuegos, ya que permite entender el comportamiento de sus usuarios y a como incitarlos a consumir sus productos digitales. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el comportamiento de compra de los usuarios dentro del videojuego Free Fire, producto de las emociones que se producen durante la experiencia de juego.  Para ello se optó por la metodología exploratoria-descriptiva; mediante la cual se tomaron datos desde los estímulos cerebrales de los videojugadores mientras interactuaban dentro del juego y se los comparó con el comportamiento de inversión del jugador. Los resultados demostraron que la emoción del interés de los jugadores por el videojuego no es suficiente para que exista inversión en línea juegan un rol importante las emociones de compromiso, interés y relajación.
El marketing 5.0 y su efecto en la estrategia empresarial del sector industrial en España
Authors: González-Ferriz Fernando
Published: June 2021

La siguiente investigación pretende analizar la evolución del concepto de marketing y la influencia de nuevos enfoques (como el marketing relacional, las políticas de responsabilidad social y la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías a las políticas de marketing) en el resultado empresarial. Para ello se recurre al análisis cuantitativo llevado a cabo en una muestra representativa de empresas del sector industrial español. Las conclusiones demuestran que, si bien el sector está haciendo un gran esfuerzo por adaptarse al nuevo entorno, todavía queda camino por recorrer en cuestiones relacionadas con el análisis del mercado, la mejora de la comunicación interna y el uso de nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito del marketing digital.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Hedychium coccineum RHIZOMES EXTRACT
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh, Nishi Sadia Islam , Barua Niloy ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh,   Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong 4203, Bangladesh, Sayeed Mohammed Aktar ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh, Tareq Abu Montakim ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh, Mina Sahnaj Begum ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh, Emran Talha Bin ,   Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: June 2021

The study reports the in vivo antidiarrheal and in vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activity of methanol extract of Hedychium coccineum rhizomes (MEHC). The antidiarrheal activity was determined using Castor oil-induced diarrhea and Gastrointestinal motility test in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, whereas an aquarium worm, Tubifex tubifex, was used to determine the anthelmintic activity. The cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of MEHC was performed by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and clot lysis method respectively. In antidiarrheal, castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility exhibited a significant reduction in diarrhea and defecation and an extremely significant inhibition in intestinal motility and peristalsis index by 200 and 400 mg/kg of MEHC. The MEHC (5, 10, and 20 mg/mL) showed a significant dose-dependent manner paralysis time and times to death in multiple comparisons to the different levamisole concentrations (0.5, 0.8, and 1 mg/mL) at in vitro anthelmintic activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay exhibited a weak LC50 (681.95 µg/mL; R² = 0.951) while in thrombolytic a significant percentage of clot lysis (32.70%, P < 0.05) demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that H. coccineum rhizomes could be potential sources for biological activity.
El principio de no discriminación en las relaciones de filiación
Authors: Rodríguez Morata Federico A.
Published: June 2021

El reconocimiento del principio de igualdad formal (arts. 14 y 39.2 CE) en las relaciones de filiación impuso que el viejo tratamiento discriminatorio que, principalmente, los hijos extramatrimoniales o adoptivos recibieron antes de la Constitución de 1978 se haya corregido en el vigente Código Civil y en la legislación especial. Sin embargo, dado que la igualdad es un concepto relacional e incompleto, por lo que no cabe identificar igualdad con la identidad u obligación de ser tratadas todas las personas exactamente igual y de la misma forma, las relaciones de filiación han de entenderse en función de las circunstancias concurrentes en cada supuesto concreto en relación con el cual se invoca el principio antidiscriminatorio. Por ello, en rigor, la prohibición de discriminación no quede vulnerada cuando se introduce un tratamiento diferenciado entre la filiación por naturaleza, ya sea esta matrimonial o extramatrimonial, y la filiación por adopción.
Komodifikasi Simbol Religi dalam Iklan Marjan Edisi Bulan Ramadhan
Authors: Ramadhan M. Alqodri , Yudhistira Revi , Muhammadi Hizwa Naufal
Published: June 2021

Pada era sekarang, agama tidak terlepas dari komodifikasi. Perubahan paradigma dari agama yang mengatur kehidupan manusia yang disampaikan melalui dakwah di dalam masjid kini mulai berpindah pada budaya kapital komodifikasi melalui iklan di media televisi. Dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes, penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap makna denotasi, konotasi serta mitos yang dibangun dalam iklan komersial televisi sirup Marjan edisi ramadhan. Peneliti mencoba menjelaskan hubungan antara penanda, petanda, dan tanda dalam berbagai teks (audio visual), yang membentuk mitos, hingga melanggengkan praktik komodifikasi agama. Adapun hasil dari pembahasan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan pembuat iklan adalah untuk mengajak masyarakat/konsumen agar menggunakan produk sirup Marjan. Melalui penggunaan visual tanda-tanda keagamaan, menjadi sesuatu yang mutlak untuk mendapatkan empati dan simpati khalayak untuk membeli dan menggunakan produk sirup Marjan. Peneliti menyadari bahwa konsep semiotika yang bekerja pada proses penanda, petanda, dan tanda, menemukan mitos-mitos untuk melanggengkan sistem ideologi konsumtif dan kapitalisme, berbungkus nilai-nilai sakral ajaran agama.
Relasi Perempuan dan Laki-laki dalam Iklan Teh Sariwangi
Authors: Dewi Anisa Eka Kusuma , Dewi Anika Dwi Kusuma
Published: June 2021

Relasi antara perempuan dan laki-laki dalam keluarga merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diteliti mengenai pandangan peran gender dan tugas seorang suami dan istri dari kebanyakan masyarakat terutama di Indonesia sekarang ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana relasi perempuan dan laki-laki dalam iklan teh SariWangi dan melihat kesetaraan gender dalam keharmonisan keluarga? Penelitian ini menggunakan teori maskulinitas dan feminisme dengan menggunakan metode semiotika mengenai produksi sosial makna dari sistem tanda dari pemikir sang pakar bahasa Swiss, Ferdinand de Saussure. Analisis ini dilakukan melalui tanda-tanda iklan dari potongan adegan-adegan tersebut mengenai bagaimana peran gender mempresentasikan tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam keluarga. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, laki-laki mempunyai kendali penuh dalam hal apapun sehingga laki-laki memiliki hak yang dominan dalam keluarga dimana sistem patriakhi sangat kuat dipegang laki-laki sebagai kepala rumahtangga. Dimana yang artinya di dalam keluarga perempuan memiliki hak minoritas yang harus menuruti apapun yang diputuskan oleh suami sebagai kepala keluarga.
From Words to Images: The Rise and Treatment of Visual Public Opinion in the Post-epidemic Era
Authors: Yi Wu
Published: June 2021

The rise of short videos in the Post-epidemic era have caused the migration of Internet traffic to visual content. This new form of media based on communication technology and algorithm technology can arouse more emotional resonances of audiences, which promotes the formation of a Visual Public opinion field. The emergence of this public opinion field not only increases the risk of public opinion crises such as rumors and extreme views, but also points out the current direction of public opinion governance, and shows the importance of making good use of visual communication methods. Based on this, mainstream media needs to integrate and lead the visual public opinion field by entering the video media platform, producing high-quality video content, and reconstructing the visual public opinion ecology; the competent authority should do a good job in the visual public opinion field from the three aspects of ideology, technology and content. Supervision and governance work will promote a good long-term growth of visual public opinion field.
Research on Social Media Tourism Marketing in the Post-epidemic Period
Authors: Xiaoluan Xie
Published: June 2021

Since 2020, the outbreak of covid-19 has changed the operation mode of many industries, and also has a great impact on the global tourism industry. At the same time, it also promotes the transformation of the tourism industry, which is more dependent on the real economy, to the Internet economy. The use of social media for tourism marketing is a hot spot in recent years, and the outbreak of the epidemic has intensified the development of this model. This paper analyzes the characteristics of social media to explain why it is more suitable for tourism marketing than traditional media, and summarizes the tourism marketing strategies and means of social media. Social media has rich forms of expression, such as text, pictures, audio, video, live broadcast, etc., which can be selected according to the nature of tourism destination. Through the use of precision marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, celebrity effect and other marketing strategies, it can also improve the audience's willingness to travel during the post epidemic period, and promote the recovery and development of tourism.
Preserved for endurance: Minimal invasive endodontics
Authors: Chethan Megha , K Revathi , Natesan Revathi , M Rashmi , M Soubhagya , S Nair Veena
Published: June 2021

In the modern era, inclination towards a more conservative approach is being advocated and this has become possible through various innovative machinery and techniques. A conservative tooth preparation helps in retaining more of a tooth structure which would determine the prognosis of the treatment and the fate of the tooth in the long run. Even though we have a high focus on the conservative approach, we should keep in mind that there is always a chance of errors which is caused due to inadequate access to the canals. It is ultimately the clinicians call to decide between the benefit to the risk ratio and also its feasibility, all of which should result in good prognosis as well as a fruitful qualitative treatment outcome for the patient.
A Paradigm upswing towards the conservative rejuvention of an traumatized tooth: A Case report
Authors: Ramachandra Sujith , Balaji D R , R Magaravalli Samrat , Rangaswamy Purushothama , Govindappa Kavitha
Published: June 2021

Traditionally, calcium hydroxide was the material of choice for apexification technique. However, the disadvantages of this technique includes delayed treatment, improper apical seal and increased risk of root fractures. Research for improved biocompatible materials resulted in evolving of higher characteristic materials such as Biodentine, a tricalcium silicate cement that possesses good handling and bioactive properties. This report describes the case of a 13-year-old boy who had traumatised his upper right central incisor which stunted the growth of root leaving it with open apex. The treatment of apexification with Biodentine and PRF as matrix was done. Prosthetic rehabilitation of endocrown fabricated with Lithium disilicate ceramic was delivered. Follow-ups were performed at 3, 6 and 12 month. The promising clinical and radiographic outcome in this case demonstrated that Biodentine may be an successful alternative to the conventional apexification materials and endocrown can be a conservative alternative to post and cores in such cases.
Palato-gingival groove: A silent nidus. Recognition and an innovative management approach: A report of 3 cases
Authors: Rangaswamy Purushothama , Harsha Tummala Sri , R Magarvalli Samrat , Ramachandra Sujith , Govindappa Kavitha , E Shwetha
Published: June 2021

Developmental anomalies are one of the challenging clinical conditions to achieve successful treatment outcomes. Among these, Palatogingival groove [PGG] is a rare developmental anomaly usually found on the palatal aspect of maxillary anterior teeth. As self-cleansing is difficult in such patients, it can lead to serious localized periodontal lesion or can occur in combination with endodontic lesion. It is our sole responsibility being a specialist in the field of dentistry, to early diagnose and provide treatment for such conditions. On the basis of PGG extension to the pulp, it can be classified as simple or complex; accordingly, plethora of treatment options are available. Clinically taking interdisciplinary treatment modalities into consideration, curettage of the involved gingival tissues, elimination of the groove by grinding (saucerization), or by sealing with a Biocompatible material which might enhance the healing potential. Incase if the groove extends beyond the middle-third of the root, surgical flap debridement along with combined use of barrier membrane and alloplastic bone graft are recommended.

This article represents a rare clinical case reports in management of PGG defect with an innovative conservative approach for simple, minimal groove extensive case and groove extension beyond 1/3 of the root region, treated with surgical multi-interdisciplinary approach.
Ophthalmological practices in COVID times
Authors: Raj Amit , Sinha Prerna , Kumar Amit , Sinha Upasna
Published: June 2021

The COVID 19 pandemic has brought about a change in the lifestyle of one and all with the healthcare workers being no exception. The objective of this review is to discuss the problems faced during the COVID19 pandemic especially by the ophthalmological community owing to the close contact with the patient during examination which is inevitable. The text has been written after a thorough literature search of articles on Pubmed using relevant keywords. It discusses and brings forth the ways of ophthalmological practices to minimize the risk of exposure being followed across the world as laid down by the ophthalmological societies of various countries and regions. The importance of social distancing and the role of tele-ophthalmology which formed the cornerstone of treatment during this hour of crisis has also been discussed.
COVID-19 and ophthalmology- Challenges and mitigation of disease
Authors: Bhat Pravin M , Kewat Sunil S
Published: June 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health crisis with an uprising trend of infection and death in the world. Considering the contagious nature and the human to human transmission of the disease, it is utmost important to follow the infection control measures in the ophthalmic practice. The pink eye or conjunctivitis is the associated symptom reported along with the respiratory illness and fever in patients of COVID-19. So the triage policy, using noncontact procedures, understanding the risk factors of the disease, postponement of routine ophthalmic patient’s visit, following respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment (PPE) are some of the measures to keep the infection in control are explained in this article. The surface disinfection, equipment disinfection are also important considering the environmental contamination nature of the disease. So in order to minimize the infection every ophthalmologist should work as per the guidelines and measures and work with the local designated infection control authorities.
The impact of covid-19 on ophthalmic practice in Bangladesh– A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Rahman Siddiqur , Nasa Khairun , Ahmed Tanvir , Maurya Rajendra Prakash
Published: June 2021

To assess the interference of patient care due to COVID 19 related restrictions and to formulate the future guidelines.

This cross-sectional online survey-based study was carried out among the ophthalmologist of Bangladesh in the early lock down period (01 April to 30 April) 2020.

Total 93 ophthalmologists responded to the study. Most of the ophthalmologist were seeing the patients with red eye (40.9%), ocular trauma (40.9%), acute infections and inflammations (35.5%), and vision loss (31.2%). 80.6% responder informed that they wear Mask, gloves, and head cap during patient evaluation. 51.6% used Personal protection equipment. 55.9% used a breath shield with the slit lamp settings. 60.4% maintained hand wash, and disinfectant facilities for the patients. 85.7% ophthalmologist had ensured for wearing the mask to all patients before entering the examination and consultancy room. 86% ophthalmologist of our study had performed their surgeries for ophthalmic emergency.

Wearing mask is an important tool to prevent transmission of COVID-19 for both patients and ophthalmologists in working place. Maintaining normal ophthalmic practice and surgery are challenging during COVID-19 pandemic.
A comparative study of efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1% in dry eye
Authors: Sharma Vandana , Tyagi Parag , Chugh J P , Chauhan R S , Rathi Ashok
Published: June 2021

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tear film which leads to ocular discomfort, visual disturbances and damage to ocular surface. The objective of treatment of DED has now shifted from managemnt of ocular symptoms and patient relief to attainment of normal physiological composition of the tear film.

Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% (CQP) eye drops with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1% (CMC) eye drops in the management of DED.

A single blind, prospective and comparative study including 100 patients of dry eyes was planned. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising of 50 patients. Group-1 patients were given CMC 1% eye drops 4 times a day for 12 weeks and Group-2 patients were given CQP 0.03% eye drops as the treatment modality 2 times a day for 12 weeks. The efficacy of both the drugs was compared and evaluated statistically.

The study showed that both CQP and CMC eye drops are effective in treating DED, although faster onset of action was observed with CQP on ocular surface staining tests and Schirmer’s test. Also, it was noted that patients with severe DED showed least improvement in both the groups suggesting that mono-drug therapy is least effective in treatment of severe DED and multi drug therapy should be used early in treatment of severe DED.
Aqueous humor pharmacokinetics of Benzalkonium chloride free bimatoprost formulated in tight junction modulation technology compared to Benzalkonium chloride preserved bimatoprost 0.01% ophthalmic solution in rabbit eyes
Authors: Khopade Ajay J , Halder Arindam , Burade Vinod , Vakharia Monali
Published: June 2021

This study was undertaken with an objective to compare the aqueous humor pharmacokinetics (PKs) of bimatoprost and bimatoprost free acid of innovator bimatoprost 0.01% (BAK-Bimatoprost) and the novel formulation, Tight Junction Modulation technology based bimatoprost 0.01% (TJM-bimatoprost) containing polyhexamethylene Biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) as a preservative.

All animals in the study were assigned to one of two treatment arms: either a single dose of BAK-Bimatoprost (n=28) or a TJM-bimatoprost ophthalmic solution (n=28). Time points for aqueous humor collection were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 Hrs after drug administration.

The mean Cmax of 11.93± 2.70 vs 10.92± 3.84 ng/ml was comparable (P>0.05, one-way ANOVA) across TJM bimatoprost and BAK-bimatoprost treatment arms. Results of other PK parameters pertaining to bimatoprost+ bimatoprost free acid concentration were as follows: time to maximum concentration (T_max) was 1.75± 2.0 vs 1.50 ± 1.16 hr and half-live (T_half) was 2.13 ± 0.58 vs 2.47 ± 0.79 hr in the TJM- bimatoprost and BAK-bimatoprost treatment arms respectively. Overall, there was no difference between TJM-bimatoprost and BAK-bimatoprost treatment arms in the PK end points.

The results taken in totality support the hypothesis that pharmacokinetics TJM-bimatoprost 0.01%, containing PHMB preservative, is comparable to BAK-bimatoprost 0.01%.

A new formulation of bimatoprost 0.01% using Tight Junction Modulation technology is pharmacokinetically comparable to marketed formulation of bimatoprost containing benzalkonium chloride preservative.
Evaluation of changes in the keratometric values after pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting in different grades of pterygium
Authors: Laad Sagarika , Damle Vasudha , Agarwal Prakash Chand
Published: June 2021

To study the changes in keratometric values after pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft in different grades of pterygium.

A retrospective, comparative study was done on 75 patients of various grades of pterygium who underwent excision surgery with conjunctival autograft. Preoperative and postoperative details of all the patients on 1, 7 and 30 day were taken into account including detailed ocular examination, best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination, keratometric details and posterior segment examination. Net astigmatism was calculated preoperatively and on post-op examinations. Mean of difference in preoperative and post operative net astigmatism is calculated and compared in different grades of pterygium.

Our study showed that there are significant changes in net astigmatism after pterygium excision mainly in grade 3 pterygium. Difference in mean net astigmatism at the end of 1 month from preoperative values was 2.39±0.73 in Group C, 1.45±0.5 in Group B and 0.49±0.24 in group C and this difference is significant.

The amount of keratometric astigmatism is proportional to grades of pterygium (size of pterygium) and pterygium excision reduces the induced astigmatism and it varies according to grades.
Evaluation of strabismus in 0-18 years of age group in tertiary health care hospital: A prospective cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Champaneria Dhruvi K , Trivedi Harish R
Published: June 2021

The main objective of the study was to study the pattern of strabismus, determine the type of refractive error and measure the angle of deviation, determine streoacuity by WFDT in 0-18 years of age group.

This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study. Total 50 patients were taken. Patients of 0-18 years of age presenting with squint included in study. Patients were evaluated for VA, both distance and near vision without glasses as well as BCVA tested. Anterior segment evaluation using slit lamp, cycloplegic refraction using atropine (0-9 years) or cyclopentolate (10-18 years), fundus examination, PBCT, WFDT test done.

In study, total 50 subjects of 0-18 years of age group was taken. In them boys were more than girls. 49(98%) had comitant strabismus and 1(2%) had incomitant strabismus. 32(64%) had esotropia and 18(36%) had exotropia. Among esotropia 11(34.37%) had accommodative esotropia, 13(40.62%) had partially accommodative, 7(21.87%) had non accommodative, 1(3.12%) had restrictive esotropia. Among exotropia 9(50%) had basic exotropia, 6(33.33%) had divergence excess and 3(16.66%) had convergence insufficiency. 14(28%) had amblyopia. 32(64%) had hypermetropia and 18(36%) had Myopia. 33(64%) had central fixation and 12(24%) had eccentric fixation. In binocularity, 6(12%) had ARC, 25(50%) had unilateral suppression, 10(20%) had alternate suppression.

Comitant squint was more common than incomitant squint. Among comitant squint, esotropia was more common than exotropia.
Career Stability in 14 Finnish Industrial Employee Cohorts in 1988–2015
Authors: Ojala Satu , Pyöriä Pasi , Riekhoff Aart-Jan
Published: June 2021

It is often argued that global competition and technological development have made industrial jobs more unstable. In this article, we ask how career stability has evolved in the Finnish forest, metal, and chemical industries, comparing 14 cohorts (age groups) by gender and educational level. We focus on industrial employees born in 1958–1971 and compare their career stability at ages 30–44 using Statistics Finland’s linked employer-employee data from 1988 to 2015 and an application of sequence analysis. We analyze career stability over time by examining annual main labor market statuses (employed, unemployed, student, disabled, retired, out of the labor force), adding estimators for workplace and industry changes. The results show no evidence of career destabilization across the cohorts, but they do reveal persistent inequalities between industrial employees with low and high levels of education, and between men and women.
Bridging the Dialectical Histories in Organizational Change: Hysteresis in Scandinavian Telecommunications Privatization
Authors: Koll Henrik
Published: June 2021

Conventionally, organizational change research has viewed history as objective facts associated with path dependencies, making change difficult. However, started with the work of Suddaby et al. (2010), a different stance has emerged, viewing history as a subjective, narrative construction that can be utilized to facilitate change. This paper responds to calls for ways of bridging these two perceptions and increasing historical consciousness in organizational change studies. To these ends, the paper explores the capacity of Bourdieu’s construct of hysteresis as a bridging construct. Based on an ethnographic study, the paper operationalizes hysteresis to analyze the response strategies of technicians and shop stewards to organizational change following privatization in a Scandinavian telecommunications company. The paper argues that hysteresis constitutes a valuable alternative to bridging constructs available in extant literature and holds the potential to open new avenues for exploring the implications of history for organizational change.
Etienne and Beverly Wenger-Trayner (2020). Learning to Make a Difference. Value Creation in Social Learning Spaces, Cambridge University Press, ix + 279 pages
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: June 2021

In their work, in their leisure time – yes, indeed in all walks of life – people interact with one another, have new experiences, come to know new things, and learn new things about their environment and the world they inhabit. But how? Philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, cognitive scientists, and many more have theorized this fundamental question and developed theories of learning. Thirty years ago, anthropology professor Jean Lave and cognitive scientist Etienne Wenger developed a social theory of learning that conceptualize learning as a process of situated cognition – legitimate peripheral participation – in communities of practice (Lave & Wenger 1991). This theory – and specifically the concept of communities of practice (CoP) that Etienne Wenger later explored in more detail (Wenger 1998) – have become an influential theoretical and analytical inspiration for researchers in education, organization studies, sociology, social-psychology, and the entire range of disciplines that are preoccupied with the study of social life and working life. (.....)

Now, 30 years after the introduction of the theory, one of its proponents and found- ers, Etienne Wenger-Trayner, together with his spouse Beverly Wenger-Trayner, propose a new – and in their view – more encompassing social learning theory.
Reviewers ultimo 2020
Authors: Carstens Bo
Published: June 2021

List of reviewers contributing to NJWLS until 1. January 2021
Organizational Culture and Masculinities in a Startup Company in Finland
Authors: Pöllänen Katri
Published: June 2021

This article explores the organizational culture of the startup scene in Finland. Startup companies offer an interesting setting for research, because their organizational culture, hierarchy and power structures differ from those of large traditional organizations. The method used in this study was an organizational ethnography in a startup company in Finland, which included participant observation, and interviews with employees. The organizational culture of the startup was informal, relaxed, low in hierarchy, and employees had autonomy for deciding on their working times and locations. Masculinities were visible in the organizational culture of the startup company in the form of ‘harsh’ language and rambunctious humor, men changing their behavior and discussion topics when women were around, and managers communicating more aggressively with men than with women. The results further showed that gender was a criterion for inclusion and exclusion. The research concludes that startup companies are not gender-neutral spaces.
İrâde Özgürlüğünün Metafizik Temeli: Dâvûd-i Karsî’nin Risâle fi’l-İḫtiyârâti’l-Cüzʾiyye ve’l-İrâdâti’l-Ḳalbiyye Adlı Risâlesinin Tahlil, Tahkik ve Tercümesi
Authors: BORSBUĞA Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, XVIII. yüzyıl Osmanlı âlimlerinden Dâvûd-i Karsî’nin (öl.1169/1756) Risâle fi’l-iḫtiyârâti’l-cüzʾiyye ve’l-irâdâti’l-ḳalbiyye adlı risâlesinde insanın irâdî/bilinçli eylemlerindeki özgürlüğü ve sorumluluğuyla Allah’ın her şeyin yaratıcısı olması arasındaki paradoksu nasıl çözümlediği incelenecektir. Ayrıca risâlenin tahkik ve tercümesi de yapılmak suretiyle risâle literatüre kazandırılacaktır. Çalışmaya konu olan risâle, İslâm düşünce geleneğinde insan fiilleri başlığı altında telif edilen irâde-i cüzʾiyye, efʿâl-i ʿibâd, ḫalk-ı aʿmâl, kazâ ve kader risâle silsilesinden bir halkadır. Risâle, metin ile şerhin iç içe olduğu memzûç şerh yöntemiyle yazılan nadir örneklerden birini teşkil etmektedir. Dâvûd-i Karsî, risâlede irâdî fiiller hakkında üçü gayr-i meşhûr, dördü meşhûr olmak üzere yedi görüşü detaylı şekilde inceler. Meşhûr olmayan görüşleri yorumlayarak, bunları meşhûr görüşlere dahil eder ve risâlenin yaklaşık 4’te 3’lük kısmını bu yaklaşımlara ayırır. Risâlenin son aşamasında kendi mezhebi olan Mâtürîdî görüşünün, Selefin “Ne cebir ne de tefvîz yalnızca bu iki yaklaşım arasında bir durum vardır.” şeklindeki görüşüyle paralellik arz ettiğini söyler. Esîrî Mehmed Efendi’den (öl. 1092/1681) esinlenen Karsî, irâdî fiilin “iki kudret”, “iki meşîet” ve “bir tekvîn”in toplamıyla hâsıl olduğunu ve ilk dört tanesinin yakın sebep, tekvînin ise müessir olduğunu savunur. Karsî, hem insanın fâilliğini ispat etmek hem de Allah’ın yaratma sıfatını korumak amacıyla fiilin anlamları ve hâl teorisinden hareket eder. Aslında ilâhî sıfatlar ve ontolojik meselelerin anlaşılmasında kullanılan hâl kavramı, Mâtürîdî kelâmcısı Sadrüşşerîʿa es-Sânî (öl. 747/1346) tarafından fiiller konusuna da uygulanarak bir eylem doktrini geliştirilmiş ve bu doktrin halef müteahhirûn Mâtürîdî kelâmcılar tarafından kabul görmüş ve kullanılmıştır. Karsî, Sadrüşşerîʿa’ya referansla fiile ait anlamlar ve bu anlamların varlık modlarından hareket ederek meseleyi temellendirmeye çalışır. O, fiil denildiğinde bundan iki anlamın anlaşıldığını; bunlardan birisinin masdarî anlam diğerinin ise bu masdarî anlamla hâsıl olan şey olduğunu ortaya koyar. Fiilin masdar manası fiilin “şey olmayan ciheti”ni ve fiilin masdarla hâsıl olan manası ise “şey olan ciheti”ni teşkil etmektedir. Böylece fiilin “şey” ve “mevcût” olmayan yönünün, yaratmaya konu olmaması sebebiyle bu, insanın gerçek fâil oluşunun hareket noktası olmuştur. Benzer şekilde Karsî, irâde, kast ve ihtiyâr-ı cüzʾî anlamındaki meşîetin, insandaki varlığının tabi olma yoluyla gerçekleştiğini ve hâl kabilinden olması sebebiyle yaratılmamış olduğunu savunur. Buradan hareket eden Karsî; bir taraftan fiilin mevcût ve şey olmayan yönüyle beri taraftan meşîet, irâde ve kastın yaratmaya konu olmaması sebebiyle hem insanın fiillerindeki irâde özgürlüğünü hem de Allah’ın mutlak yaratıcılığını korumuş olmaktadır.
The Dutch–German Border: Open in Times of Coronavirus Lockdowns
Authors: Van der Velde Martin , Sijtsma Doede , Goossens Maarten , Maartense Bas
Published: June 2021

This essay portrays policies, practices and perceptions at the Dutch– German border during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Before that this border was considered one of the most open borders in the world. The first part of the essay deals with the waves of policies and other initiatives aimed at limiting cross-border traffic that have been introduced since March 2020 trying to curb the pandemic. The second part illustrates to what extent these policies might have had an effect on citizens’ cross-border practices and perception of the border
Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava - An Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Andrews Aleena Elizabeth , Puthiyakam Juvaina , Perumpalath Naufal , Ellezhuthil Devarajan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) of inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare smooth muscle sarcomas with less than 300 cases described in the literature. Leiomyosarcoma of IVC is, often detected late in the course due to its indolent manifestation. This study intends to discuss the experiences and challenges in diagnosing this rare entity primarily by radiological imaging in a tertiary centre in India. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound findings in 6 cases of leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava who were referred for multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scan in the Department of Radiodiagnosis of Government Medical College Calicut over the past 7 years by the treating physician. The patients were identified using a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS In this study, there were six patients diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of IVC, age ranging from 35 and 64 years (mean 47.8 years, SD 10.7) with 4 (66.6 %) females and 2 (33.33 %) males. The mean size of the tumour at the time of diagnosis was 8.4 cm. The segment of IVC most commonly involved was middle segment in 5 patients (83.3 %). In this series, only a single case had tumour entirely confined within the lumen of inferior vena cava without extraluminal extension. Two out of six cases (16.66 %) had lung metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Two cases without metastasis or significant infiltration to adjacent organs were amenable to resection. CONCLUSIONS Leiomyosarcoma of IVC is a rare tumour, often detected late in the course due to its indolent manifestation. High index of suspicion may help in the early diagnosis of so that early treatment can begin and improve the clinical outcome. KEYWORDS Leiomyosarcoma, Inferior Vena Cava, Mesenchymal Neoplasms
Sodium Homeostasis and Its Correlation with Mortality in Critically Ill Patients – A Retrospective Study in Northeast India
Authors: Baruah Sreemanta Madhab , Rajkakati Rashmi , Barua Trinayani , Das John Kumar , Saikia Hiranya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Sodium is the most common electrolyte that gets imbalanced in hospitalised patients. Serum sodium abnormalities carry unacceptably high mortality. Our main objective was to study sodium homeostasis in critically ill patients and to correlate sodium imbalances with mortality in critically ill patients. METHODS This was a hospital based retrospective study conducted in Medicine Intensive Care Unit in Assam Medical College and Hospital in Dibrugarh, Assam, India, over a period of one year i.e., from February 2019 to January 2020. Hyponatremia has been defined as sodium level < 135mmol / L and hypernatremia as > 145mmol/L. All patients admitted in MICU of 12 years of age or more have been included in this study. Investigations such as serum creatinine, BUN, sodium, serum osmolality, urine sodium, and urine osmolality as well as neuroimaging were done. A total of 410 patients were studied. RESULTS Out of 410 patients, 106 (25.8 %) had hypernatremia, 84 (20.48 %) had hyponatremia and 220 (53.65 %) had normal sodium levels. 225 (54.87 %) patients died. There was a statistically significant correlation between sodium imbalance and death (p < 0.05). Mortality in hypernatremia (88.68%) was slightly higher than hyponatremia (79.34 %). It was observed that mortality in hypernatremia (OR = 20.7989, 95% CI: 10.6170 – 40.7454, p < 0.0001) and hyponatremia (OR = 10.2015, 95% CI: 5.6651 – 18.3704, p < 0.0001) were higher than that of normonatremia. Percentage of death was more in hypernatremia (88.68%) than hyponatremia (79.34%), but the difference was not statistically significant. (OR = 2.0388, 95% CI = 0.9302 to 4.4687, p = 0.0752). CONCLUSIONS Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are independent mortality factors in critically ill patients. Hypernatremia was more prevalent than hyponatremia in our study and accounted for more number of deaths. Timely and effective correction of sodium levels is important to save a patient’s life. Hypernatremia is often iatrogenic. Therefore proper monitoring of sodium is a must. KEYWORDS Sodium, Homeostasis, Mortality, Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia
Effects of Intramuscular Dexmedetomidine as Premedication in Elective Laparoscopic Surgeries - A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study in Trichy, Tamilnadu
Authors: Bose Sundari , Kumar Kavin , Shanmugam Siva , Kumaresan Balaji
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The major concern of laparoscopic surgery is intra-operative hypercapnia induced stress response such as increase in heart rate (HR), increase in blood pressure (BP), increased stress hormones. The major concern of anaesthetist is to reduce stress response perioperatively. Drugs like clonidine, dexmedetomidine, nitroglycerine and esmolol are used to control the hemodynamic response associated with pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgeries. Dexmedetomidine has been found to have hemodynamic stability with good analgesic effect. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 agonist with sedative, analgesic and sympatholytic properties. Here in this prospective randomized controlled study, we evaluate the effects of intramuscular dexmedetomidine as a premedication in laparoscopic cholecystectomy METHODS This is a randomized controlled study. Forty patients aged 20 to 50 years, both sexes, with American society of anaesthesiology (ASA) grade I & II planned for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two groups, Group DS : (N - 20) Received 2 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine with normal saline (total 2 ml) Group CS : (N - 20) Received 2 ml of normal saline as intramuscular injection in the deltoid region 60 minutes before induction. We compared the hemodynamic parameters like pulse rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) in baseline, preinduction, during intubation, before and after carbon dioxide insufflation, post extubation, visual analog score (VAS) and the analgesic requirements in both groups RESULTS Compared to control group, intramuscular dexmedetomidine group had statistically significant reduction in pulse rate, mean arterial pressure perioperatively during intubation, before and after carbon dioxide insufflation, during surgery and post extubation (P < 0.001) and also found to decrease the analgesic requirement post operatively CONCLUSIONS 2 mcg/kg intramuscular dexmedetomidine premedication produces better hemodynamic stability, reduced perioperative analgesic requirement and hence could be a better alternative to other premedicant agents. KEYWORDS Dexmedetomidine, IM Premedication, Laparoscopy, Stress Response
Assessment of Port Site Complications in Laparoscopic Surgery – A Prospective Descriptive Study from Western Odisha
Authors: Majhi Harekrishna , Nayak Tapan Kumar , Raghib Sheik Salman , Tirkey Anand Seba
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has brought about a paradigm shift in modern surgical care. It has varied applications in gastrointestinal surgery, urological surgery, gynaecological surgery and oncosurgery. Better cosmesis, less post-operative pain, hence reduced need for post-operative analgesia, shorter recovery period and faster return to daily activities are its advantages. However, certain complications like port site infection, hemorrhage, hernia, TB or metastasis are morbid complications that undermine its benefits. In this study, we wanted to identify the various port site complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for different diseases in our hospital and assess its incidence. METHODS This is a prospective descriptive study. 125 patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery from November 2018 to October 2020 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent elective laparoscopic surgeries. They were observed post-operatively for various port site complications. All the data was entered into the Microsoft Excel 2007 software and further analysis was done using SPSS software version 24.0 (IBM Inc. Chicago). A P - value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of 125 patients that underwent laparoscopic surgery, 9 patients (7.2 %) developed complications specific to port site upon a follow-up of 3 months. Complications observed were port site infection (n = 4, 3.2 %), port site hemorrhage (n = 2, 1.6 %). Port site hernia, port site tuberculosis (TB), umblical port site hernia and mild subcutaneous emphysema were observed in one patient each (0.8 %). Scar abnormalitites were seen in 3 patients (2.4 %). CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopy is associated with minimal complications. However rare these complications are, they take away from the advantages of the laparoscopic surgery and the reputation of the hospital and surgeon alike. Apt patient selection, meticulous surgical technique, proper sterilization of the laparoscopic instruments and effective antibiotics use can further reduce the incidence of complications. KEYWORDS Laparoscopy, Port Site Complications, Infection, Hernia, Hemorrhage
Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study on Caregiver Burden in Chronic Mentally Ill Patients in Northern Kerala
Authors: Roby Aswathy Anitha , Adavalath Druhin , Cherukunnath Padmini
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Mental health is an important aspect of health, and it should be cherished, promoted, and conserved, to the maximum. World-wide, around 450 million people suffering from mental illness and contributing to important causes for years lived with disability. Caring is a fundamental issue in the treatment of a patient with mental illness. Majority of patients stay with their families and they have been the mainstay of care giving for patients with mental illness. Taking care of chronic mentally ill patients puts stress and burden on the caregivers. Caregivers use different methods of coping. This study was conducted to assess burden among caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. METHODS This is a hospital based cross-sectional study. A consecutive sample of 150 caregivers of both inpatients and outpatients who satisfy the inclusion criteria, attending psychiatry department were recruited in the study. Caregivers were assessed with socio-demographic proforma. The burden assessment schedule (BAS) developed by SCARF measures the burden experienced by caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Chi-square test was used to association between categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 150 participants, 16 % experienced mild burden, 57.3 % had moderate levels of burden and 26.7 % had severe burden levels. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that caregivers of the mentally ill individuals do undergo a lot of burden or strain. Highest areas of burden were seen in the areas of physical and mental health, external support, and spouse related. The caregivers are in need of support and understanding. Clinicians dealing with the caregivers of patients with chronic mental illness must systematically assess the coping mechanisms of caregivers and encourage the use of adaptive and problem-focused coping mechanism to improve the caregiving and patient related outcome. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies that can help them such as providing them with a support structure as well as counseling services. KEYWORDS Caregiver, Burden, Mental Illness, Coping