bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Powerpoint-Based Educational Games: Media to Stimulate Group B Children's Language Skills
Authors: Satyadewi Ni Putu Ayu , Ambara Didith Pramunditya , Wiarta I Wayan
Published: June 2024

Children have difficulty developing language because the learning process is still centered on the teacher and the child's lack of concentration. This research aims to develop educational game media using interactive PowerPoint on the insect sub-theme. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE model. The subjects of this research were each a design expert, content/materials expert, instructional design expert, and media expert. There are also individual test subjects, small group test subjects, and product effectiveness subjects. The data collected is quantitative data using questionnaire and observation methods. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. The results of expert tests sequentially obtained results, namely product design scored 90.90% with very good qualifications, media content 96.67% with very good qualifications, instructional design 93.75% with very good qualifications, and learning media 95% with very good qualifications. Product trials on subjects included individual testing which obtained a score of 95% with very good qualifications and small group testing obtained a score of 94.17% with very good qualifications. The results of the effectiveness test show that t-count > t-table (8.878 > 1.761), so there is a significant influence. This means that it is known that the new interactive PowerPoint-based educational game media is suitable and effective for PAUD children, and is able to stimulate children's language skills. The implications of this research include increasing attractiveness and interactivity in learning, thereby providing a more interesting learning experience.
DIREITO PENAL ESPANHOL E POLÍTICA MIGRATÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO DIRECIONADA À PROTEÇÃO OU À RESTRIÇÃO DE DIREITOS DE PESSOAS MIGRANTES?
Authors: Tourinho Luciano de Oliveira Souza , Sotero Ana Paula da Silva
Published: June 2024

Os fenômenos migratórios contemporâneos são complexos e multifacetados, exigindo abordagens interseccionais, a partir de perspectivas distintas, notadamente em razão da diversidade de causas e efeitos dos fluxos de deslocamentos de pessoas para territórios diferentes de sua origem. Nesse sentido, a investigação científica que ora se delineia objetivou analisar a relação entre o Direito Penal espanhol e diretrizes da política migratória contemporânea no âmbito da União Europeia. Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem exploratória de legislação e diretivas, bem como de produções científicas de investigadores, principalmente, do Direito e das ciências sociais. Considerada como uma pesquisa qualitativa, esse ensaio fenomenológico promoveu a avaliação crítica da construção legislativa correlata, possibilitando observar, principalmente nas duas últimas décadas, uma crescente tentativa de elaboração de uma política unificadora sobre o tema entre os Estados membros da Comunidade Europeia. No entanto, não se percebeu um avanço significativo, senão o contato cada vez mais intenso entre a política migratória e o sistema penal. Na Espanha, essa abordagem foi refletida na alteração do Código Penal, com destaque ao artigo 318 bis, que apresenta, formalmente, a proteção de direitos de migrantes como bem jurídico, mas que recebe críticas entre investigadores e juristas, em razão da flexibilização de princípios e garantias penais e processuais penais, do esvaziamento de institutos administrativos ou da sobreposição de normas penais e administrativas, bem como da promoção da estigmatização dos migrantes como perigosos ou mesmo criminosos, tendo em vista o contexto de insegurança social, reforçando a sua exclusão. A aplicação de dispositivos penais exigirá proporcionalidade e o seu direcionamento à prevenção de crimes contra migrantes, afastando-se da lógica de fortalecimento do discurso de restrição de direitos e da ampliação das vulnerabilidades por eles suportadas.
LIBERTY AS NON-DOMINATION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILIP PETTIT AND THE DEBATE WITH HIS CRITICS
Authors: Moraes Renato Almeida de , Blanco Filipe Zanuzzio , Silveira Ricardo dos Reis
Published: June 2024

This paper explores Philip Pettit's concept of liberty as non-domination, a significant contribution to contemporary political theory emphasizing freedom from arbitrary power rather than merely the absence of interference. In an increasingly plural and complex world, there is a pressing need for a broader understanding of liberty that addresses the political adversities faced by diverse societies. Pettit’s theory provides a robust framework for assessing political freedom by proposing that true liberty entails the absence of domination, supported by democratic mechanisms that disperse and make power accountable. The primary objective of this text is to analyze Pettit’s complete works alongside contributions from ten prominent commentators and debaters, examining the strengths and potential shortcomings of his theory. The analysis aims to demonstrate how Pettit’s concept of non-domination can be superior to other notions of liberty or how integrating different perspectives might reinforce his ideas. Methodologically, the paper conducts a thorough examination of Pettit's seminal works. It includes critical analysis from scholars like Quentin Skinner, Richard Dagger, and Cécile Laborde. Each author's agreement or disagreement with Pettit is analyzed in detail, providing a comprehensive view of the ongoing discourse. In conclusion, Pettit's concept of liberty as non-domination proves to be a compelling framework for understanding and advancing political freedom. This approach necessitates transparency, accountability, and participation within democratic institutions, ensuring liberty is safeguarded against both existing and potential forms of arbitrary power. Through this detailed examination, the paper underscores the relevance and applicability of Pettit's ideas in addressing contemporary political challenges.
Tiedon harharetkiä? Opettajat tiedonalatiedon rekontekstualisoijina
Authors: Puustinen Mikko , Khawaja Amna , Marjokorpi Jenni , Säntti Janne
Published: June 2024

Tässä artikkelissa esitämme suomenkieliselle lukijakunnalle brittiläisen koulutussosiologin Basil Bernsteinin ajatteluun perustuvan tavan hahmottaa koulun oppiaineiden tietoon liittyviä kysymyksiä. Artikkelin polttopisteessä on Bernsteinin pedagogic device, josta käytämme suomennosta pedagoginen muunnin. Muuntimen avulla kuvaamme prosesseja, joissa tiedonalojen tieto siirtyy eli rekontekstualisoituu opetustilanteisiin. Kehitämme Bernsteinin ajattelua opettajien roolin osalta yhdistämällä pedagogisen muuntimen pohjoiseurooppalaiseen didaktiseen perinteeseen. Tarkastelemme millaista tietoa mielekäs rekontekstualisointi edellyttää opettajilta ja pohdimme eri opettajaryhmien välisiä eroja. Lopuksi pohdimme tiedon ja ainedidaktiikan merkitystä koulutuksessa ja opettajankoulutuksessa.
 
Is knowledge getting lost? Teachers as recontextualisers of subject knowledge
In this article, we present to the Finnish-speaking audience the idea of Basil Bernstein’s pedagogical device. We use the device to analyse questions related to the knowledge of school subjects. By using the pedagogical device, we describe processes through which the knowledge produced by academic disciplines is transferred, i.e. recontextualized to educational contexts.  We develop Bernstein's thinking regarding the role of teachers by connecting it to the Northern European didactic tradition. We outline what kind of knowledge recontextualization requires from teachers in order to be meaningful and consider the differences between different teacher groups. Finally, we consider the importance of knowledge and subjects didactics in education and teacher training.
Inquiry-based student worksheets to support numeracy skills
Authors: Bhoke Wilibaldus
Published: June 2024

Background: This study was motivated by the difficulties students face in understanding the concepts taught in the topics of Integers and Decimals.Aim: The research aimed to determine the impact on students' numeracy skills after utilizing Student Worksheets (SW) with an Inquiry-Based Learning Model in Grade V at SDI Lengkosambi.Method: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test was employed. Data were collected through numeracy tests conducted before and after the implementation of the SW.Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' numeracy skills. The average numeracy score increased from 60% before using the SW to 80% after its implementation. Additionally, the numeracy test scores showed an increase from 42% in the initial AKM Numeracy test to 50% in the final AKM Numeracy test.Conclusion: The use of SW with an Inquiry-Based Learning Model effectively enhanced students' numeracy skills. This improvement indicates that students became more enthusiastic about learning and were better able to solve numeracy-related problems.
Using Deep Learning in Image Classification
Authors:   Salahaddin University-Erbil, Hasan Rasool Saven , R. Flaih Laith ,   Cihan University-Erbil
Published: June 2024

In our daily life the computer and technology took almost all aspects of life through the use of smartphones, smartwatch, laptops, internet, and so many different tools. This makes people around the globe utilize services and tools more than before which lead to introduce hundreds of algorithms to enhance such services. The deep learning tools in AI become an urgent need to simulate a human behavior by the machine as both consists of neurons, and a weighted input to that neurons. The trip from a single neuron to AlexNet and then to EfficientNet will predict a bright future of this area in AI especially with dealing with images. Computer vision considered as mid-way that collect both AI and image processing to gather to perform a classification of images through AI to increase the understandability of such images and give the ability for machine for better decision making upon these images without human interfere, this article provides a survey study about a number of most recent papers about techniques AlexNet, ResNet, GoogLeNet, VGG, MobileNet, DenseNet, LetNet, Gabor CNN, Siamese CNN, PPF CNN and 3D GAN, and summarize there efficiency and weak points according to the papers so to we can provide a good guide for this area researchers.
Reviewing Text Mining Techniques for Social Media Analysis
Authors:   Salahaddin University-Erbil, Fareed Hanna Fanar , R. Flaih Laith ,   Cihan University-Erbil
Published: June 2024

Since the past decade, social media has emerged greatly and become a part of everyday activities of everyone’s life. The content being posted on different platforms has increased exponentially and created a huge database, this data has been a gold mine for researchers to dig deep and find trends and patterns, this research aided in detecting spam, removing harmful and offensive content, etc. in this paper the tools and techniques are explained, in addition to the applications that these tools are used for with examples of where they are applied.
Comparison between Candidates for the Position of Manager based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors:   Northern Technical University, Y. Al-Jawadi Radhwan , Mhmood Ahmed Bassam ,   Northern Technical University
Published: June 2024

The process of selecting a manager is a vital and important process in the management of any organization or institution, as the manager is considered the person who bears responsibility for making important decisions and directing the team towards achieving the organization’s goals. Fuzzy logic is one of the artificial intelligence systems that helps make decisions that contain uncertain or unreliable information. In this research, four fuzzy inference systems were used to choose the appropriate manager based on four qualities (personality, scientific, leadership, administrative). Through the results applied to the group of candidates to whom the test questions were distributed, we found that there is a variation in the characteristics. One of the conclusions of this research is that the proposed method of selecting the appropriate manager can be applied in different organization.
Tourism sustainability, friendly policies, and infrastructure: Digital nomads’ motivations for visiting Portugal
Authors: Do Rosário Mira Maria , Moura Andreia , Araujo Nayara
Published: June 2024

This research analyses digital nomads’ relationship with tourism, their motivations for travelling and their expectations of the destinations they visit. In addition, it aims to understand the lifestyle of this public and their preference for sustainable destinations, as well as the implications for policies and the organisation of tourism infrastructure, in line with their specific needs. A questionnaire was administered to users of open-access social networks or members of online digital nomad communities (n = 34), between December 2022 and March 2023. Descriptive statistics, construct validations, reliability and internal consistency of the measures were carried out and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r) was applied between items of the same scale and different scales. The results indicate that quality of life, life-work balance, living with other cultures, being in contact with nature, escaping from large urban centres, indulging in tourism all year round and travelling for long stays, are the main motivations of this public. The importance of quality Wi-Fi, flexible tourist services and support services is emphasised as the main attributes to be considered in tourist destinations.
El privilegio como trastorno
Authors: Prestifilippo Agustín Lucas
Published: June 2024

Una de las fases más enigmáticas que transita el espíritu subjetivo en su confrontación con las primeras exterioridades de la naturaleza lo representa la locura. En este trabajo me interesa indagar en la “dificultad particular” que adquiere este fenómeno en las transiciones del espíritu hacia su liberación. A tales fines, voy a proceder en cuatro pasos: (1) analizaré la primera forma que asume el espíritu subjetivo luego del pasaje por la filosofía de la naturaleza, a saber: el alma; (2) luego, paso a ubicar el fenómeno de la locura al interior de la arquitectónica del espíritu, en tanto manifestación interior al devenir de la vida anímica; (3) seguidamente, reconstruiré los tres tipos ideales de la locura que distingue Hegel; (4) finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, ofreceré mi respuesta a la pregunta por el significado específico que asume la locura para la transición hacia el espíritu absoluto.
Mariano Álvarez Gómez: conhecimento e afectividade em torno de Nicolau de Cusa
Authors: André Joao María
Published: June 2024

En este texto tratamos de dar un testimonio, basado en una relación de varias décadas con Mariano Álvarez Gómez, sobre su dedicación al pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa y a su divulgación en el mundo ibérico. Al mismo tiempo que subrayamos su profundo conocimiento de la obra del Cardenal alemán, intentamos mostrar cómo ese conocimiento se basaba en una relación afectiva con el pensamiento estudiado y en una red de afectos que se fue estructurando y fortaleciendo en Europa y en el resto del mundo con los más insignes especialistas en la obra del Cardenal alemán. Se acreditó así como uno de los más reputados investigadores de su pensamiento, haciendo de su vida, a semejanza de Nicolás de Cusa, una «caza de la sabiduría», obra cuya traducción nos dejó casi al final de su vida, tal como su autor la escribió también como su testamento filosófico.
On the Historicity of the History of Philosophy
Authors: Balsemão Pires Edmundo
Published: June 2024

Siguiendo los enfoques contemporáneos del significado de la Historia de la Filosofía para la Filosofía, en este trabajo abordaré la situación de la Historia de la Filosofía de Hegel en el sistema, confrontándola con las Historias especiales (Política, Arte, Religión), el desarrollo lógico de la Idea en figuras y las «totalidades concretas» dotadas de significado epocal. El texto es también un ensayo de articulación del desarrollo lógico de la Idea con las condiciones semánticas de las réplicas históricas de su significado.
Girlhood in What Use Are Flowers?: Lorraine Hansberry, the Postapocalyptic Earth, Nurturing
Authors: Taketani Etsuko
Published: June 2024

The earliest date ascribed to the manuscript of Lorraine Hansberry’s posthumously published play What Use Are Flowers? is December 19, 1961. However, there is no conclusive evidence showing when Hansberry first conceived the idea of what became Flowers, a play about child survivors of an unnamed (but obviously) nuclear holocaust. Yet, given the context of President John F. Kennedy’s speech during the Berlin Crisis, which became a flashpoint for the national debate on nuclear war, shelters, and the survivability of the ideas of home and family, attributing it to 1961 would be unsurprising. In Flowers, an aging hermit, the only remaining adult survivor, plays the role of father and teacher, creating the simulacrum of a patriarchal family without a woman (mother) to care for the children of postapocalyptic Earth. Through readings of Flowers and its precursor text “Gedachtnis,” both of which feature the female child survivor named after a wild plant that is neither edible nor useful to human survival, I examine the question of girlhood and its human–plant conditions as a contested terrain through which patriarchy is both nurtured and challenged. What ultimately explodes in Flowers may not be a technological atomic bomb, but rather a nuclear device in human history, which has been fueling sustainable, renewable energy in a male-dominated world, namely, girls’ use by, and value to, men.
Материалы к технологии кузнечной продукции эпохи Золотой Орды территории Самарской области
Authors: Семыкин Юрий Анатольевич
Published: June 2024

В статье представлены результаты металлографических исследований коллекции кузнечной продукции, происходящей из сборов с территории средневекового русского поселения – Березовское, исследованного в 1950-е и в 1990-е гг. в Шигонском районе Куйбышевской области. Памятник исследовался в 1950, 1952–1955 гг. А.Е. Алиховой в составе Куйбышевской археологической экспедиции. В процессе раскопок на поселении были обнаружены остатки наземных и земляночных жилищ, развалы печей с многочисленными железными металлическими шлаками, что свидетельствует о занятии населения производством железа и чугуна. В начале 1990-х годов на поселении сотрудниками САЭ проводились сборы подъемного материала из разрушенного Куйбышевским вдхр. культурного слоя поселения. Результаты металлографических анализов небольшой коллекции кузнечной продукции с Березовского поселения дополняют наши знания об уровне технического развития населения Среднего Поволжья в эпоху Золотой Орды. Анализы были выполнены в археологической лаборатории Ульяновского государственного педагогического университета им. И.Н. Ульянова.
Особенности семантической составляющей термина «боктаг»
Authors: Макласова Людмила Эдуардовна
Published: June 2024

В статье показан результат анализа различных лексических наименований «боктаг» по данным различных источников. Изучив ряд современных публикаций, автор выявила более десяти названий этого головного убора и попыталась понять корни вопроса разноголосицы при описании боктаг разными авторами. В результате сравнения толкований термина, обнаружилось несколько отсылок к монгольским и китайским источникам: берцовая кость и причёсывание (как часть свадебного ритуала), причесывание и расчесывание (укладка волос), надевание «вдовьей» шапки (определенное действие и конкретный головной убор). Проанализировав семантику и этимологию слова «боктаг» в словарях и документах, автор приходит к выводу о возможном заимствовании его в монгольский язык, с последующим повторным переходом в тюркский и чагатайский языки. А все ранние отличные упоминания – это гортанная окклюзия.
История изучения оружия дальнего боя в Золотой Орде
Authors: Мифтахов Максим Марселевич , Недашковский Леонард Федорович
Published: June 2024

В статье представлен историографический анализ научных работ, посвященных изучению комплекса оружия дальнего боя золотоордынского воина. Были рассмотрены различные исследования середины XIX – первой четверти XXI в. В ходе исследования были проанализированы классификационные схемы различных элементов золотоордынского оружия дальнего боя, выдвигаемые авторами, выделены особенности, присущие научным работам в определенные исторические периоды. На основе анализа этих работ были выделены три хронологических этапа в истории изучения оружия дальнего боя Золотой Орды. Для каждого этапа приведены характерные для него отличительные черты. Также были определены актуальные проблемные аспекты исследования золотоордынского оружия дальнего боя, требующие дальнейшего изучения в будущем.
Скопление альчиков в жилище второй половины XIII-XIV вв. на поселении Каменное на Верхнем Дону
Authors: Тропин Николай Александрович , Чубур Артур Артурович
Published: June 2024

Исследуется комплекс находок в виде скопления альчиков в количестве 50 экземпляров в средневековом русском жилище на южной окраине Рязанского княжества. Основная задача исследования состоит в выяснении функционального назначения этих предметов. Произведено изучение характера следов изношенности, внешних воздействий. Систематизированы данные по орнаментации, расположению и характеру высверленных отверстий. Проведена морфометрия астрагалов с определением вида, возможной породы, поло-возрастной принадлежности животных. Среди альчиков 41 предмет – не сверленный, 9 имеют сверленые отверстия. На пяточной фасетке семи альчиков фиксируется орнамент в виде нарезных линий, их толщина указывает на инструмент в виде тонкого лезвия. Установлено, что альчики принадлежат только баранам или овцам. Следы механического воздействия свидетельствуют, что астрагалы являлись игральными костями. Морфометрический анализ показывает, что рост животных составлял в холке 63,5–84 см при среднем показателе 71 см. Эти параметры наиболее близки к ордынским овцам. На поселение Каменное комплект альчиков мог попасть как импорт из степной зоны, с территорий, вошедших в состав Золотой Орды.
Косторезное производство Азака по материалам из раскопок по ул. Лермонтова, 27 и Петровскому бульвару, 5 и 7 в г. Азове в 2012–2013 гг.
Authors: Гончаров Михаил Юрьевич
Published: June 2024

В статье дается краткая характеристика косторезного дела средневекового Азака по материалам археологических раскопок 2012–2013 гг. Также предлагаются критерии выделения на археологических объектах косторезных мастерских и перечисляются некоторые связанные с этим сложности. В работе дается описание используемого сырья, ассортимента продукции и отмечается несоизмеримость количества производственных отходов, с одной стороны, и заготовок с готовыми изделиями – с другой. По сохранившимся на отходах и заготовках следам обработки реконструируются некоторые приемы производства. Впервые для Азака выделяется мастерская, где производились костяные монетные весы. В заключении делается вывод о довольно высокой квалификации местных косторезов и отмечается, что соотношение костей от разных животных среди отходов производства пропорционально отходам мясного потребления.
От языческих курганов к мусульманским грунтовым некрополям: переходный этап в формировании погребальных памятников золотоордынского времени в Крыму
Authors: Меньшиков Максим Юрьевич
Published: June 2024

Данная работа посвящена признакам отклонения от норм ислама при совершении погребений ранних мусульман Крыма периода становления ислама в Золотой Орде. В работе на примере памятников, исследованных в Крыму, в том числе под руководством автора, приводятся примеры нарушения правил джаназы, проводятся сравнения выявленных нарушений с нормами классического ислама, предпринимается попытка объяснения подобных отклонений. Выявленные и представленные в публикации признаки позволяют говорить о том, что на раннем этапе исламизации тюркское население выборочно сохраняло в погребальном обряде языческие элементы в рамках адатов, стараясь при этом следовать исламским правилам в наиболее заметных проявлениях ритуала. Постепенно подобные отклонения от нормы, по мере укрепления ислама в регионе, встречаются все реже, однако даже на рубеже XVI–XVII вв., как показывает практика, нарушения правил захоронения в соответствии с мусульманскими традициями сохраняются в Крыму.
Опыт 3D-моделирования в исследовании касимовских мусульманских средневековых надгробий
Authors: Агеев Вадим Вячеславович , Дынин Михаил Даниилович
Published: June 2024

В статье описывается первый опыт изучения касимовских мусульманских памятников с помощью трехмерных моделей. Для исследования были выбраны надгробия XVI–XVII вв. из мавзолеев Шах-Али-хана и Афган-Мухаммед-султана. Цифровое документирование памятников производилось по стандартам, разработанным лабораторией RSSDA. На полевом этапе проводилась съемка с помощью фотокамеры. Из полученных снимков создавались модели с возможностью применения различных алгоритмов для улучшения их чтения. В результате удалось сохранить эти памятники в цифровом виде и виртуально реконструировать некоторые из них, проверить и скорректировать предшествующих исследователей. Было отмечено плохое физическое состояние памятников. С помощью математической визуализации поверхности удалось частично восстановить текст эпитафии, ранее недоступной для чтения.
Скелет мужчины из погребения № 7 Беднодемьяновского могильника мордвы-мокши XIII–XIV вв.
Authors: Калмина Ольга Анатольевна , Калмин Олег Витальевич , Иконников Дмитрий Сергеевич , Калмин Олег Олегович , Илюнина Ольга Олеговна
Published: June 2024

В статье представлена комплексная характеристика скелета из погребения № 7 Беднодемьяновского могильника, оставленного мордвой-мокшей и датирующегося золотоордынским временем (XIII–XIV вв.). Археологический памятник находится в Верхнем Примокшанье. Скелет принадлежал мужчине в возрасте 35–55 лет. Целью исследования было осуществить максимально полную реконструкцию морфологической специфики индивида и его жизнедеятельности. Для этого кости были изучены визуально и метрически. Конусно – лучевую компьютерную томографию проводили на аппарате VATECH PAX 1 3D с программным обеспчением Ez3D-i64. На основе продольных измерений длинных трубчатых костей была определена приблизительная прижизненная длина тела индивида (около 169,0 см). На скелете прослеживаются множественные следы патологических изменений и индикаторы механического стресса. У индивида (по-видимому, ещё в детстве) была травмирована стопа. Во взрослом состоянии имел место перелом правой ключицы в средней трети тела кости. Специфической характеристикой индивида было спастическое сокращение мимической мускулатуры нижней части лица справа, возможно в результате повреждения лицевого нерва. Для индивида было привычно передвижение с напряжённо-согнутыми ногами. Это могло быть связано с трудовой деятельностью или являлось результатом патологии. Характерное строение грудины позволяет предположить, что индивид занимался передвижением тяжестей с использованием лямки, переброшенной через грудь. При этом слегка согнутые в предплечьях руки удерживали груз. Кисти рук одновременно были напряжённо-согнуты.
Fortified settlements of the XII–XIV centuries in the European Northeast. Pozheg hillfort (reconstruction experience)
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center. Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kommunisticheskaya St., 26, Syktyvkar, 167982, Republic of Komi, Russian Federation, Klenov Mikhail V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents a brief review of the results of studies of the fortification lines of the Pozheg hillfort – the only well-fortified settlement studied in the European Northeast (Komi Republic), which functioned during the XII–XIV centuries. This small hillfort (about 1550 m 2) was founded in the valley of the Vym River as an Old Rus outpost on the way to the Trans-Urals. It reached its greatest prosperity in the first half of the XIII century. The remains of buildings of three construction stages (XII, XIII and XIV centuries) have been studied by excavations at the site, the system of wood and earth fortifications (ditches, log walls, bulwarks) typical for small fortresses of medieval Russia has been discovered. An attempt is made to reconstruct the general appearance of the defensive structures of the Pozheg ancient settlement and a preliminary assessment of the main labor inputs in their construction is carried out. The types of fortress buildings are distinguished, the schemes of defensive lines, the size of the ancient settlement and their changes by stages of construction are considered.
Agricultural implements of medieval Novgorod: systematization, chronology
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospect, 27, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation, Volgina Nataliia D. ,   INION RAS, Nakhimovsky prospect, 51/21, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Over a long period of archaeological study of Novgorod, a rich collection of medieval antiquities was accumulated, which reflects all areas of activity of its inhabitants in the Middle Ages. In particular, household items are widely represented, among which a small group of agricultural implements stands out, which makes it possible to trace the history of the development of agricultural technology for the territory of Novgorod. The article provides a detailed description of the collection of agricultural implements, and the necessary research has been carried out to systematize them based on classifications developed by domestic archaeologists. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the mid-10th to the 15th centuries, which is due to the peculiarities of the preservation of the cultural layer on the territory of Novgorod. Written, visual and ethnographic materials were also analyzed as part of this study.
Bracelets of the Romny culture population
Authors:   Kursk State University. Radishcheva St., 33, Kursk, 305000, Russian Federation, Enukov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of an analysis of Romny culture bracelets in order to reveal the sources of origin of certain forms. In total, 48 bracelets were recorded, excluding 7 items of the 1915 hoard from Korobkino, which is the subject of a special publication. The most popular bracelets were made of wire with expanding ends (30 items), the prototypes of which are well known among Slavic antiquities of the VI–VIII centuries. These items, along with plate bracelets with expanding ends (6 items), that appeared in Volyntsevo time, act as a kind of marker of the Romny culture at the Eastern European Slavic-Russian sites of the IX–X centuries. Russian imports are represented by a wire bracelet with tied ends from Shpilevka, as well as jewelry from Korobkino. Four thin wire bracelets reflect the influence of Khazar fashion. The use of silver as a raw material (3 items) suggests their local production. Two iron plate bracelets with loops at the ends most likely came directly from the Khaganate. There are weak connections with the Finnish environment of the Volga region, as well as contacts between the inhabitants of Novotroitskoe and Truvorovo hillforts. In general, the set of Romny bracelets represents an essentially original phenomenon.
Wschód w polityce narodowej i zagranicznej Węgier w XX wieku i na początku XXI wieku
Authors: Kopyś Tadeusz
Published: June 2024

Od czasu przystąpienia Węgier do Unii Europejskiej narastało rozczarowanie społeczeństwa węgierskiego co skutkowało spadkiem zaufania do instytucji unijnych. Fidesz jest partią umiarkowanie eurosceptyczną, natomiast Jobbik jest partią zdecydowanie antyunijną, W lipcu 2010 r. Viktor Orbán stwierdził, że zachodnie społeczeństwa są w kryzysie, zatraciły swoje dawne podstawy moralne, a po sukcesie wyborczym w 2010 r. była nowe władze mające oparcie w partii Fidesz wykorzystywały eurosceptycyzm do poszerzenia pola manewru rządu w polityce zagranicznej. Za źródło tej tendencji w polityce można uznać popularną w okresie międzywojennym koncepcję turanizmu (idea pokrewieństwa Węgrów z ludami o tureckim i ugrofińskim pochodzeniu). Czy idea ta dziś widoczna jest w polityce zagranicznej Węgier. Wydaje się, że „polityka otwarcia na Wschód” oraz bardziej radykalna idea -euroazjanizm stały się współczesnym ucieleśnieniem idei obecnej i dość popularnej nad Dunajem w pierwszej połowie XX wieku i dowodzą faktu, że część elit węgierskich wykazuje wyraźne inklinacje w kierunku Wschodu
Człowiek z cienia. Aleksander Więckowski (1854-1919) - szkic biograficzny.
Authors: Wołos (redaktor naczelny) Mariusz , Gąsieniec Barbara
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie życia i działalności Aleksandra Więckowskiego – postaci niemal nieznanej i drugoplanowej. Na kartach wielkiej historii bohater tego tekstu pojawia się najczęściej dwa razy. Po raz pierwszy w związku z wydarzeniami rewolucji lutowej 1917 r. w Rosji i postawy władz rosyjskich wobec niepodległości Polski. Po raz drugi w związku z negocjacjami polsko-sowieckimi prowadzonymi w 1919 r. w Moskwie i Białowieży, gdzie reprezentował najwyższe polskie władze – naczelnika państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego i ministra spraw zagranicznych Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego. Drobiazgowe badania pozwoliły odtworzyć podstawowe informacje na temat biografii człowieka, który odgrywał najczęściej zakulisową rolę. Jako młody człowiek Więckowski był założycielem kółek socjalistycznych w Petersburgu i Warszawie. Był też głównym autorem programu socjalistów polskich znanego jako warszawski lub brukselskim (1878). Za tę działalność został zesłany na 6 lat na Syberię Wschodnią (1880–1886). Więckowski był człowiekiem polsko-rosyjskiego pogranicza społecznego, kulturowego, językowego i politycznego. Większość życia spędził w Rosji. Był liderem diaspory polskiej w Petersburgu/Piotrogrodu, gdzie studiował, a następnie mieszkał w latach 1888–1918. Angażował się w budowanie demokratycznej Rosji, która miała otworzyć drogą do niepodległej Polski. Działał na rzecz zbliżenia polsko-rosyjskiego. Był aktywnym uczestnikiem rewolucji 1905–1907. Należał do masonerii, a kontakty wolnomularskie otwierały mu drogę do takich ludzi jak premier Rządu Tymczasowego Aleksandr Kiereński. Swoje talenty dyplomatyczne wykorzystał dopiero pod koniec życia, kiedy to wiosną i latem 1919 r. wziął na siebie ciężar pertraktacji z władzami bolszewickimi w okresie trwającej już wojny polsko-sowieckiej.
Türkiye’de Ekolojik Ayak İzinin Belirleyicileri: STIRPAT Modeli
Authors: Yılmazer Mine
Published: June 2024

İnsan kaynaklı ekolojik ayak izi, dünyanın taşıma kapasitesinin üzerine çıkmakta ve gelecek kuşakların yaşamlarını tehdit etmektedir. Ekolojik ayak izinin olumsuz etkisini azaltmak üzere politikalar geliştirilmesi ve fırsatlar yaratılması son derece önemlidir. Ekolojik ayak izinin kapsamı diğer çevre değişkenlerine göre daha geniştir ve literatürde henüz az sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuş bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada insan faaliyetleri ile çevre ilişkisini açıklamaya yardımcı olan STIRPAT modeli ile ekolojik ayak izi kavramı bir araya getirilmiş, Türkiye’de insanın doğaya olumlu ve olumsuz etkisi analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye’de 1973-2021 yılları arasında kişi başına düşen GSYİH, nüfus, enerji kullanımı, yeşil teknoloji patentleri ve ihracat ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişki ARDL sınır testi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgulara göre, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, nüfus ve enerji kullanımı ekolojik ayak izini artırmakta, yeşil teknoloji ve ihracat ise azaltmaktadır. Türkiye’nin son dönemde Paris Anlaşması’nı imzalayarak nötr karbon hedefi belirlediği ve Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’na yönelik kriterleri uygulamaya başladığı dikkate alındığında, amaca uygun çevre politikalarına ihtiyacın arttığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’na uyum politikalarının Türkiye’de sürekli artan ekolojik açığın azaltılmasına katkı yaraması da mümkündür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye’de ekolojik ayak izinin azaltılması için tüketicinin çevre bilincinin artırılmasına, enerji verimliliğinin sağlanmasına, ihracatta ise çevre hassasiyetine ve yeşil teknoloji kullanımına ihtiyaç olduğu söylenebilir.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Trade Openness within the Framework of Quantile Panel Approach: The Case of OECD Countries
Authors: Salangi Safiullah , Kahyaoglu Sezer
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of the trade openness of selected OECD countries on entrepreneurship. There is a general acceptance that the impact of the trade openness of economies on entrepreneurship is positive. In the analysis process, econometric modeling studies were carried out based on the data of the selected OECD countries for the 2006-2020 period. The quantile panel regression technique was used to test the impact of trade openness on entrepreneurship. The quantile panel regression analyses have been carried out with an approach that considers the asymmetric situation between the selected OECD countries. Hence, this approach has been a contribution to the literature. Policy recommendations are presented within the framework of empirical findings. According to the empirical findings, entrepreneurship activities are important in terms of increasing economic performance in the selected OECD countries and show that policies should be implemented in support of entrepreneurship activities. The necessity of considering the impact of the trade openness level on entrepreneurship in determining policies has been revealed. In particular, the fact that the economies assess this issue in the policy development process can be considered a strategic instrument.
DIVERSION PRACTICES IN JUVENILE TRAFFIC CRIME INVESTIGATIONS AS A SOCIAL ENGINEERING TOOL: A CASE IN NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA
Authors: Abdulajid Syawal , Anshar Anshar , Mufti Ahmad , Suwito Suwito
Published: June 2024

Diversion as an alternative to out-of-court settlement faced both theoretical and practical challenges. In the context of traffic offenses committed by minors, the practice of diversion encountered legal uncertainties about whether it could effectively address the core issues. The dilemma arose from the need to enforce the law while also protecting the rights of children as mandated by the Juvenile Justice System Law. This paper reviewed the practice of diversion in resolving traffic offenses by minors in North Maluku, aiming to assess its effectiveness and explore its role as a tool of social engineering. The research employed a doctrinal legal research model with a juridical-normative approach. Findings indicated that diversion practices in North Maluku, particularly for traffic offenses committed by minors, were ineffective due to several factors: regulatory deficiencies, lack of competence among enforcement personnel, and the prevailing legal paradigm within the community. From the perspective of law as a tool of social engineering, diversion alone was insufficient without subsequent measures to address traffic crimes committed by minors, necessitating the reconstruction of the legal culture and enhancement of public awareness to foster traffic order and safety.
Summary Review of Overexploitation and Decline Cycles in the Scottish Arctic Bowhead Whale Fishery, 1750-World War One
Authors: Sanger Chesley W.
Published: June 2024

Historically all major global whaling activities share a characteristic feature: “overexploitation-decline” cycles. The Scottish Arctic bowhead whaling industry was no exception in all essential details except one. It was conducted in extremely hazardous ice conditions in which more than half the participating vessels were lost. Despite this, 247 ships from 16 Scottish ports captured some 20,000 bowhead whales at East Greenland, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay. In total this effort represented more than 160,000 man-trips, the requirement to crew at least 3,400 vessel-voyages. Extent records of these voyages in Scottish sources (mostly newspapers) comprise a comprehensive statistical database enabling the analyzation of different aspects of this historically important maritime activity. This overview employs these data to examine the maelstrom of forces which inhibited owners from practicing sustainable management strategies, leading to near extinction of North Atlantic bowhead stocks and, inevitably, commercial collapse of the industry. Historiquement, toutes les grandes activités liées à la chasse à la baleine à travers le monde avaient un même point commun, soit les cycles de surexploitation et de déclin. L’industrie écossaise de la chasse à la baleine boréale de l’Arctique n’a pas fait exception au niveau des détails essentiels, sauf sur un point : elle avait cours dans des conditions de glace extrêmement dangereuses dans lesquelles plus de la moitié des navires participants ont été perdus. Malgré cela, 247 navires en provenance de 16 ports écossais ont capturé environ 20 000 baleines boréales à l’est du Groenland, dans le détroit de Davis et dans la baie de Baffin. Cet effort était l’équivalent de plus de 160 000 voyages-hommes, soit les besoins en équipage d’au moins 3 400 voyages en navire. Les mentions existantes de ces voyages dans les sources écossaises (principalement des journaux) constituent une base de données statistiques complète qui permet d’analyser les différents aspects de cette activité maritime d’une grande importance historique. À partir de ces données, le présent aperçu évalue les forces qui ont empêché les propriétaires de mettre en pratique des stratégies de gestion durable, ce qui a donné lieu à la quasi-extinction des stocks de baleines boréales dans l’Atlantique Nord et, inévitablement, à l’effondrement commercial de l’industrie.
The International Law Fragmentation: Legal Consequences and Solutions
Authors: Latifah Emmy
Published: June 2024

The development of International Law that is taking place today has led to fragmentation. As a result, conflicts of norms arise from international treaties generated by each regime. This study aims to examine how conflict of norms can take place in a fragmented international law system and how to resolve it. It is normative legal research, used secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal, and tertiary. The data collection technique uses library reserach, then analyze qualitatively. The results indicate that the absence of an authorized institution to create International Law causes conflict of norms International Law. The ways to resolve conflict of norms include not applying one of the conflicting norms; considering one of the conflicting norms is illegal; taking into consideration one of the conflicting norms is still valid but not illegal; and the two conflicting norms are considered to have the same position.
The Significance of Policy Guarantee Institution in Providing Legal Certainty for Insurance Policyholders
Authors: Sembiring Sentosa -
Published: June 2024

This study examined the factors that contributed to the non-establishment of the Policy Guarantee Agency. As stipulated in Article 53, paragraph (4) of Law Number 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance, the formation of the Policy Guarantee Agency was mandated within three years of the enactment of this law. The establishment of this agency held significant importance in furnishing legal safeguards for policyholders. Employing a descriptive research design encompassing normative juridical analysis through statutory and conceptual frameworks, this study regarded secondary data acquired through documentation studies for data collection. The ensuing qualitative analysis of the data revealed that the establishment of the Policy Guarantee Agency necessitated a comprehensive investigation, encompassing considerations such as funding, human resources, and the agency's structural integration, whether as an autonomous entity or as part of an existing Deposit Insurance Corporation. Consequently, achieving consensus among legislative bodies was imperative to advance the establishment of the agency.
Strategies for Ratifying Marriage Agreements to Avoid Partnership Liabilities
Authors: Almaududi Almaududi , Hijriya Shafira
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze the regulations and strategies for validating marriage agreements. This normative juridical research prioritizes secondary data as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data was collected through document and literature studies and then analyzed qualitatively using a statutory and historical approach. The research findings indicate that the development of marriage agreement regulation can be categorized into three phases: before the enactment of Marriage Law, after the enactment, and after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIX/2016. Moreover, regulation remains unclear and has not been followed with legislation, giving rise to "strategies" to avoid partnership liabilities. One party may create a marriage agreement after entering into Marriage, and subsequently, that party only validates the marriage agreement before a notary (waarmerking).
The Role of Visum et Repertum (VeR) and VeR Psychiatricum (Legal Study of FD Murder Cases in Jakarta, 2023)
Authors: Siregar Rospita Adelina , Sinaga Dyandra Eunike Nauli
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze the role of law in handling the FD death case in Jakarta and its impact on the criminal justice system. The method used is normative juridical research with a statute approach and case approach. The results showed that during the examination of the suspect, an inconsistent change in attitude led to the decision to refer to the Police Hospital. The Psychiatric VeR stated that the suspect had a mental disorder of schizophrenia depression, thus following the provisions of Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code. According to Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, the suspect's actions cannot be accounted for due to mental disability, so he cannot be convicted. This finding underlines the important role of law and psychiatry in determining the criminal responsibility of a person with mental illness, contributing to the reform of a fairer and more humane justice system.
Investigating the impact of mobile interaction gamification on 4C skills: Perspective from student at vocational higher education in Indonesia
Authors: Ranuharja Fadhli , Toukoumidis Angel Torres , Oluwaseyi Joseph , Lofandri Wiki , Samala Agariadne Dwinggo , Riyanda Afif Rahman
Published: June 2024

The realm of education has a highly significant impact on advancing civilization in a country. Various factors have been studied and proven to enhance different skills in the educational sector, including gamification aspects. The popularity of gamification has become a trend as a tool to create an engaging learning environment for students. Students show high interest and engagement when a subject is associated with gamification. While many studies have examined 21st-century skills, precisely the 4C skills of critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration, few have yet to explore their connection with gamification, especially in higher education in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate students' opinions about the effects of gamification on 4C skills. The method involved an investigation through questionnaires with 105 students, comprising 25 questions on a 5-point Likert scale, and structured interviews with students meeting specific criteria. The findings indicate that several aspects of the 4C skills strongly relate to students' gaming habits, particularly critical thinking and creative thinking skills. However, gaming habits have a meagre impact on communication and collaboration skills, suggesting that not all components of the 4C skills can be enhanced through gamification. In addition, most of the 4C skills, critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration, could see enhanced effectiveness through targeted strategies and practices. Further studies are recommended to explore using practical materials in several courses to test gamification through evaluations or other learning media.