bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Palindromic and Non-Palindromic Motifs of Retroviral Integration Site Sequences by Statistical Mixture Models
Authors: Miklík Dalibor , Grim Jiří , Elleder Daniel , Hejnar Jiří
Published: October 2022

A weak palindromic nucleotide motif is the hallmark of retroviral integration site alignments. Previously, the motifs were explained by an overlap of the non-palindromic motif being present on one of the half-site of targeted sequences. Here, we applied multicomponent mixture models to integration site sequences of diverse retroviruses. We demonstrate that the weak palindromic motifs result from a combination of independent sub-motifs restricted to only a few positions proximal to the site of integration. The sub-motifs are formed by either palindrome-forming nucleotide preference or nucleotide exclusion. Using the mixture models, we also identified HIV-1-favored palindromic sequences in Alu repeats serving as hotspots for integration. Our work presents a novel statistical approach to the analysis of retroviral integration site sequences, which can form a valuable tool in the analysis of DNA motifs. The presented results shed new light on the selection of target site sequences for retroviral integration.
GPR84-Mediated Signal Transduction Promotes Brown Adipocyte Function
Authors: Sun Xuenan , An Yu A. , Paschoal Vivian A. , de Souza Camila O. , Wang May-yun , Vishvanath Lavanya , Arango Lorena , Cobb Ayanna , Nieto Carrion Joseph A. , Kidd Harrison , Chen Shiuhwei , Li Wenhong , Gupta Rana K. , Oh Da Young
Published: October 2022

G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), a medium-chain fatty acid receptor, may be involved in various metabolic conditions but the mechanism remains unclear. We found that GPR84 is highly expressed and functions in brown adipose tissue (BAT). GPR84 knockout mice exhibited increased adiposity and vulnerability to cold exposure after aging, along with an increased BAT lipid content and decreased BAT activation compared to wild-type control mice.In vitro, primary brown adipocytes from GPR84 knockout mice showed reduced expression of thermogenic genes and lower O2consumption. The GPR84 agonist 6-OAU reversed these effects and restored brown adipocyte activation.In vivoandin vitroresults showed that BAT defects in GPR84 knockout mice were attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. GPR84 activation greatly affected intracellular calcium efflux, further influencing mitochondrial respiration. GPR84 activates BAT by controlling the mitochondrial calcium content and respiration, suggesting a therapeutic target for activating BAT and treating metabolic diseases.

HIGHLIGHTS

High expression of GPR84 in brown adipocytes is induced by cold stimulation.

Aged GPR84 knockout mice exhibit brown adipose tissue defects under cold exposure.

GPR84 knockout mice show reduced mitochondrial function of brown adipocytes.

GPR84 activation improves brown adipocyte functions.
A Spectral Method for Assessing and Combining Multiple Data Visualizations
Authors: Ma Rong , Sun Eric D. , Zou James
Published: October 2022

Dimension reduction and data visualization aim to project a high-dimensional dataset to a low-dimensional space while capturing the intrinsic structures in the data. It is an indispensable part of modern data science, and many dimensional reduction and visualization algorithms have been developed. However, different algorithms have their own strengths and weaknesses, making it critically important to evaluate their relative performance for a given dataset, and to leverage and combine their individual strengths. In this paper, we propose an efficient spectral method for assessing and combining multiple visualizations of a given dataset produced by diverse algorithms. The proposed method provides a quantitative measure – the visualization eigenscore – of the relative performance of the visualizations for preserving the structure around each data point. Then it leverages the eigenscores to obtain a consensus visualization, which has much improved quality over the individual visualizations in capturing the underlying true data structure. Our approach is flexible and works as a wrapper around any visualizations. We analyze multiple simulated and real-world datasets from diverse applications to demonstrate the effectiveness of the eigenscores for evaluating visualizations and the superiority of the proposed consensus visualization. Furthermore, we establish rigorous theoretical justification of our method based on a general statistical framework, yielding fundamental principles behind the empirical success of consensus visualization along with practical guidance.
Single-molecule identification of the target RNAs of different RNA binding proteins simultaneously in cells
Authors: Flamand Mathieu N. , Ke Ke , Tamming Renee , Meyer Kate D.
Published: October 2022

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate nearly every aspect of mRNA processing and are important regulators of gene expression in cells. However, current methods for transcriptome-wide identification of RBP targets are limited, since they examine only a single RBP at a time and do not provide information on the individual RNA molecules that are bound by a given RBP. Here, we overcome these limitations by developing TRIBE-STAMP, an approach for single-molecule detection of the target RNAs of two RNA binding proteins simultaneously in cells. We applied TRIBE-STAMP to the cytoplasmic m6A reader proteins YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3 and discovered that individual mRNA molecules can be bound by more than one YTHDF protein throughout their lifetime, providing new insights into the function of YTHDF proteins in cells. TRIBE-STAMP is a highly versatile approach that enables single-molecule analysis of the targets of RBP pairs simultaneously in the same cells.
Differential effects of contextual factors on promotive and prohibitive voice in construction projects: a multiteam system perspective
Authors: Wang Ding , Jia Jianyao , Jiang Shan , Liu Tianyi , Ma Guofeng
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Despite the documented benefits of voice behavior for projects, little is known about antecedents of voice behavior in the project context, especially construction projects. Against this background, adopting a multi-team system perspective, this study attempts to investigate antecedents of team voice behavior from a contextual view.

Design/methodology/approach

This study identifies and examines six factors that influence team voice behavior. Specifically, project urgency, project temporality, and project complexity are identified from the project nature perspective. Satisfaction, trust, and commitment are generated from the relationship quality approach. Then, data from completed construction projects in China was collected to verify the effectiveness of these factors. Besides, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used in this study.

Findings

All six factors are found to be significant predictors of promotive team voice behavior. For prohibitive team voice behavior, only project complexity and project commitment make significant effects. Further, the differential effects of these factors on two types of voice behavior are revealed.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on voice behavior in the project context, especially construction projects consisting of multiple teams. Also, this research enriches our knowledge on antecedents of team voice behavior in construction projects and thus affords practical implications to foster voice behavior.
Ekol Ukraine: transformation and growth
Authors: Maltsev Eduard , Kuznietsova Tetiana
Published: October 2022

Learning outcomes

Students comprehend the importance of the transformational idea and apply it in their leadership. Students can analyze how to spread the transformational idea across the team and the organization. Students understand the value of working with different stakeholders (partners, headquarters). Students can analyze the role of focusing on a client and apply client-centric way of thinking. Students can apply the concept of the transformational idea to create (synthesize) possible solutions for the presented dilemma.

Case overview/synopsis

This case tells the transformation story of the logistics company Ekol Ukraine, which began in 2013. This company was the most successful branch of Ekol Logistics, an international corporation operating in 13 countries. From 2013 till 2021, Ekol Ukraine experienced a crisis related to the start of a conflict between Ukraine and Russian militants. It proved its ability to cope with challenges, gained almost complete autonomy from the head office, transformed the business model and culture and achieved considerable success in building an ecosystem.

Having this stage of transformation completed by 2021, the company reached a plateau and had to decide what the following changes would be. In 2021, only 14% of Ukrainian businesses used outsourcing logistics services (like the ones Ekol Ukraine provided). The remaining 86% had in-house logistics and were not ready to change the model. So, Ekol Ukraine faced a problem: how could a logistics provider grow in a market that was not mentally ready to outsource?

Complexity academic level

MBA programs.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 7: Management science.
A digital job application reference: how do social media posts affect the recruitment process?
Authors: Demir Mahmut , Günaydın Yusuf
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to determine the influence of candidate employees' social media accounts (SMAs) on human resource (HR) professionals' hiring decisions as a job application reference in the tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted in tourism businesses, such as hotels, travel agencies, restaurants, bars, and ground-handling service companies. In-depth, open-ended interviews with 16 questions were conducted to gather data face to face between October 15 and December 20, 2021, with 38 HR professionals. The research questions were analyzed using thematic analysis and discussed under three main themes.

Findings

The findings of this study showed that HR managers in the tourism industry generally prefer to examine candidates' SMAs rather than traditional references because they can quickly and cheaply screen many applicants.

Originality/value

Social media (SM) is increasingly used as a crucial channel in recruitment within organizations. This paper contributes by filling a gap in HR management, which empirical studies on the influence of job applicant's SMAs on recruiters' hiring decisions have been limited so far.
Total productive maintenance and Industry 4.0 in a sustainability context: exploring the mediating effect of circular economy
Authors: Samadhiya Ashutosh , Agrawal Rajat , Luthra Sunil , Kumar Anil , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Srivastava Deepak Kumar
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to establish a conceptual model to understand the impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) on the transition of a Circular Economy (CE). Also, the paper explores the combined impact of TPM, I4.0 and CE on the sustainability performance (SP) of manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual model is proposed using the dynamic capability view (DCV) and empirically validated by partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using 304 responses from Indian manufacturing firms.

Findings

The results suggest that I4.0 positively impacts TPM, CE and SP, also showing TPM's positive impact on CE and SP. In addition, CE has a positive influence on the SP of manufacturing firms. Furthermore, CE partially mediates the relationship between I4.0 and SP with TPM and SP. The study also identifies TPM, I4.0 and CE as a new bundle of dynamic capabilities to deliver SP in manufacturing firms.

Originality/value

The present research adds to the knowledge and literature on DCV by identifying the importance of CE in the settings of I4.0 and TPM, especially in the context of sustainability. Also, the current study offers a new set of dynamic capabilities and provides some significant future recommendations for researchers and practitioners.
Resilient supply management systems in times of crisis
Authors: Vega Diego , Arvidsson Ala , Saïah Félicia
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study investigated how organizations can maintain their supply chain (SC) resilience in situations where high-impact shocks cannot be absorbed and what capabilities are needed. The article is an empirical exploration of a socio-ecological view of resilience in the SC context.

Design/methodology/approach

The case under study in this article is that of Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) and MSF's reconfiguration of its supply management processes in response to the supply shocks during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In total, 503 internal documents and ERP extractions from six databases from late 2019 to September 2020, 43 semi-structured interviews and a 3-round policy Delphi process were used to investigate this phenomenon.

Findings

The authors' results show that throughout the pandemic, MSF adapted its procurement and supply processes to cope with supply shortages at both the international and local levels of the SC. This was possible due to the organization's capacity to use its exploitation and exploration capabilities of the organization at the same time.

Research limitations/implications

This research is based on the single in-depth case study of a medical aid organization. Further research should investigate this phenomenon in commercial companies with similar or different organizational structures.

Originality/value

This study constitutes a first attempt to empirically demonstrate that the four phases of the adaptive cycle put forth in the panarchy theory constitute a suitable representation of the reconfigurations that SCs follow in response to a high-impact shock. The study also adds to the growing body of knowledge on resilience by including ambidexterity as a mechanism to achieve resilience.
Factors associated with early literacy and numeracy development among children under five years in Bangladesh: multivariate two-level mixed effect approach
Authors: Hossain Md. Ismail , Haq Iqramul , Hossain Md. Sanwar , Habib Md. Jakaria , Islam Fiza Binta , Roy Sutopa , Rahman Mofasser
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Early literacy and numeracy development among children may be the best measure of a child's well-being. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of child factors, quality of care and household factors, and community factors in early childhood on the development of literacy and numeracy skills of children in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, the authors used data from Bangladesh's 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The association between response variables and selected covariates was examined using the chi-square test. To determine the risk factors for early child literacy and numeracy development, the authors applied two-level logistic regression models.

Findings

Among the total of under five children (n = 9,449), in general, 29.1% of the children were growing in the development early childhood literacy and numeracy in Bangladesh. Children (36–47 months), male children, children with moderate stunting, children with severe and moderate underweight status, mothers without education and primary education, and mothers from the poorest, poorer, middle and richer households were less likely than their counterparts to develop children's early literacy and numeracy skills. In contrast, women from the eastern and central regions, children who read at least 3 books, and early childhood education had higher odds of children's literacy and numeracy skills development than their counterparts.

Originality/value

The results from this study suggest that children's, community, quality of care and household level significant factors should be considered when trying to improve children's literacy and numeracy skills development in Bangladesh.
Assessing the tendency of judging bias in student competition: a data mining approach
Authors: Ulkhaq M. Mujiya , Pramono Susatyo N.W. , Adyatama Arga
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Judging bias is ironically an inherent risk in every competition, which might threaten the fairness and legitimacy of the competition. The patriotism effect represents one source of judging bias as the judge favors contestants who share the same sentiments, such as the nationalistic, racial, or cultural aspects. This study attempts to explore this type of judging bias in a university student competition. In addition, this study tries to expand the literature on judging bias by proposing the term universitarian bias as the judge is suspected to give a higher score to contestants from the same university.

Design/methodology/approach

The association rule of data mining is used to accomplish the objective of the study. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, the data set from the annual national university student competition in Indonesia is exploited.

Findings

The result strongly discovers that the universitarian bias is likely to be present. Some recommendations are also provided in order to minimize the bias that might happen again in the future.

Practical implications

As the implication of the presence of the universitarian bias, the committee should remove all the university features attributed to the participants. This endeavor is expected to minimize the universitarian bias that might happen.

Originality/value

This research is claimed to be the first attempt in implementing the data mining technique in the field of judging bias.
Does green self-identity influence the revisit intention of dissatisfied customers in green restaurants?
Authors: Agnihotri Durgesh , Kulshreshtha Kushagra , Tripathi Vikas , Chaturvedi Pallavi
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The study aims to examine the customers' revisit intention toward the green restaurants after service failure based upon service failure attributions. The study further intends to investigate the moderating effect of green self-identity on customers' post-service failure behavioral intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 327 participants who had experienced service failure while dining in green restaurants. The study draws upon the prevailing literature to examine the relationship among the constructs using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The findings of the study have confirmed that service failure has an adverse effect on customers' revisit intention toward the green restaurants. However, customers with green self-identity appear less anxious about service failure as findings indicate customers revisit green restaurant even after service failure.

Practical implications

The study provides a clear indication to the managers of the green restaurants that a better understanding of service failure attributions may facilitate in preventing service failure in a prompt and reasonable manner. It will not only contribute to building the brand reputation, but also ensure that customers stay with the brand for a longer duration.

Originality/value

The study is unique in a way that it is the first of its type to establish a relationship between service failure attributions and customer satisfaction in the emerging South Asian market, such as India in the context of green restaurants. Besides, this is the only study to use green self-identity as a moderator between the relationships of customer satisfaction and revisit intention.
Strong population genomic structure of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum inferred from meta‐transcriptome samples
Authors: Le Gac Mickael , Mary Lou , Metegnier Gabriel , Quéré Julien , Siano Raffaele , Rodríguez Francisco , Destombe Christophe , Sourisseau Marc
Published: October 2022

Despite theoretical expectations, marine microeukaryote population are often highly structured and the mechanisms behind such patterns remain to be elucidated. These organisms display huge census population sizes, yet genotyping usually requires clonal strains originating from single cells, hindering proper population sampling. Estimating allelic frequency directly from population wide samples, without any isolation step, offers an interesting alternative. Here, we validate the use of meta‐transcriptome environmental samples to determine the population genetic structure of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Strain and meta‐transcriptome based results both indicated a strong genetic structure for A. minutum in Western Europe, to the level expected between cryptic species. The presence of numerous private alleles, and even fixed polymorphism, would indicate ancient divergence and absence of gene flow between populations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) displaying strong allele frequency differences were distributed throughout the genome, which might indicate pervasive selection from standing genetic variation (soft selective sweeps). However, a few genomic regions displayed extremely low diversity that could result from the fixation of adaptive de novo mutations (hard selective sweeps) within the populations.
A Social Guarantee to Meet Everyone's Needs within Environmental Limits
Authors: Coote Anna
Published: October 2022

The Social Guarantee is part of the everyday economy and contributes a distinctive, normative approach. It maintains that the primary purpose of the economy is to meet everyone's needs within the limits of the natural environment. It offers a principled framework for policy and practice to address three interlinked crises that are all rooted in a failed economic system: soaring living costs, widening inequalities and the climate emergency. The starting point is that everyone should have a sufficient income. Crucially, this is derived not only from wages and cash transfers, but also from publicly funded services, infrastructure and other collective measures that constitute in‐kind benefits. These make a substantial contribution to living standards, they are highly redistributive and they are far more ecologically sustainable than aggregated market transactions. It is time to reassert the collective ideal and put in‐kind benefits at the heart of Labour's programme.
Tranexamic acid at cesarean delivery: drug‐error deaths
Authors: Moran Neil F. , Bishop David G. , Fawcus Susan , Morris Edward , Shakur‐Still Haleema , Devall Adam J. , Gallos Ioannis D. , Widmer Mariana , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Coomarasamy Arri , Hofmeyr G. Justus
Published: October 2022

The use of tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage has entered obstetrical practice globally with the evidence‐based expectation of saving lives. This improvement in the care of women with postpartum hemorrhage has come at a price. For the anesthetist, having tranexamic acid ampoules close at hand would seem an obvious strategy to facilitate its use during cesarean delivery, an important setting for severe hemorrhage. Tragically, we have identified a number of recent instances of inadvertent intrathecal administration of tranexamic acid instead of local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia. Reported cases of this catastrophic error seem to be increasing. The profound neurotoxicity of tranexamic acid causes rapid‐onset convulsions, with mortality of 50%.

How can these tragic errors be averted? Drug safety alerts have been issued by the US Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization, but that is not enough. We recommend extensive dissemination of information to raise awareness of this potential hazard, and local hospital protocols to ensure that tranexamic acid is stored separately from anesthetic drugs, preferably outside the operating room and with an auxiliary warning label. Implementation of safety strategies on a very large scale will be needed to ensure that the life‐saving potential of tranexamic acid is not eclipsed by drug‐error mortality.
Enzymatic browning in apple products and its inhibition treatments: A comprehensive review
Authors: Arnold Marcellus , Gramza‐Michałowska Anna
Published: October 2022

Apple (Malus domestica) is widely consumed by consumers from various regions. It contains a high number of phenolic compounds (majorly hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity, which are beneficial for human health. The trends on healthy and fresh food have driven the food industry to produce minimally processed apple, such as fresh‐cut, puree, juice, and so on without degrading the quality of products. Enzymatic browning is one of the problems found in minimally processed apple as it causes the undesirable dark color as well as the degradation of phenolics and antioxidant activity, which then reduces the health benefits of apple. Proper inhibition is needed to maintain the quality of minimally processed apple with minimal changes in sensory properties. This review summarizes the inhibition of enzymatic browning of apple products based on recent studies using the conventional and nonconventional processing, as well as using synthetic and natural antibrowning agents. Nonconventional processing and the use of natural antibrowning agents can be used as promising treatments to prevent enzymatic browning in minimally processed apple products. Combination of 2–3 treatments can improve the effective inhibition of enzymatic browning. Further studies, such on as other potential natural antibrowning agents and their mechanisms of action, should be conducted.
Understanding of the key factors influencing the properties of emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate
Authors: Liao Wei , Gharsallaoui Adem , Dumas Emilie , Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: October 2022

Emulsions can be easily destabilized under various conditions during preparation and storage. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence the stability of emulsions, which is essential for their subsequent studies. Sodium caseinate (CAS) is a well‐used nutritional and functional ingredient in emulsion preparation due to its good solubility and emulsifying properties. CAS‐stabilized emulsions can be considered good food emulsion delivery systems, but their applications are still limited under certain conditions due to their instability to creaming and aggregation. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a complete overview of how different environmental stresses and processing conditions affect the stability of CAS‐stabilized emulsions and how to improve their stability. Initially, the general properties of CAS as emulsifiers and the characterization of CAS‐stabilized oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions were summarized. Second, the major instability mechanisms that operate in CAS‐stabilized emulsions were presented. Furthermore, the general factors such as pH, emulsifier concentration, ionic strength, oxidation, and processing conditions, affecting the stability of CAS‐stabilized O/W emulsion, were discussed. On this basis, the commonly used methods for evaluating emulsion stability are introduced. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art strategies to improve CAS‐based emulsion stability are also described and summarized. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the future applications of CAS in food emulsions.
Gel‐type emulsified muscle products: Mechanisms, affecting factors, and applications
Authors: Zhu Shichen , Zhu Hao , Xu Siyao , Lv Shuangbao , Liu Shulai , Ding Yuting , Zhou Xuxia
Published: October 2022

The gel‐type emulsified muscle products improve fatty acid composition, maintain the oxidative stability, and achieve a better sensory acceptability. This review emphasizes the stabilization mechanisms of these emulsified muscle products. In particular, factors associated with the stability of the emulsified muscle systems are outlined, including the processing conditions (pH and heating), lipids, and emulsifiers. Besides, some novel systems are further introduced, including the Pickering emulsions and organogels, due to their great potential in stabilizing emulsified gels. Moreover, the promising prospects of emulsion muscle products such as improved gel properties, oxidative stability, freeze–thaw stability, fat replacement, and nutraceutical encapsulation were elaborated. This review comprehensively illustrates the considerations on developing gel‐type emulsified products and provides inspiration for the rational design of emulsified muscle formulations with both oxidatively stable and organoleptically acceptable performance.
A novel domain‐duplicated SlitFAR3 gene involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Zhang Biyun , Li Fengqi , Qu Cheng , Duan Hongxia , Fu Yuejun , Luo Chen
Published: October 2022

Fatty acyl reductases (FARs) are key enzymes that participate in sex pheromone biosynthesis by reducing fatty acids to fatty alcohols. Lepidoptera typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members. Although FAR genes are involved in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones in moths, the key FAR gene of Spodoptera litura remains unclear. In this work, we predicted 30 FAR genes from the S. litura genome and identified a domain duplication within gene SlitFAR3, which exhibited high and preferential expression in the sexually mature female pheromone glands (PGs) and a rhythmic expression pattern during the scotophase of sex pheromone production. The molecular docking of SlitFAR3, as predicted using a 3D model, revealed a co‐factor NADPH binding cavity and 2 substrate binding cavities. Functional expression in yeast cells combined with comprehensive gas chromatography indicated that the SlitFAR3 gene could produce fatty alcohol products. This study is the first to focus on the special phenomenon of FAR domain duplication, which will advance our understanding of biosynthesis‐related genes from the perspective of evolutionary biology.
Disorder in the eye of the beholder: Black and White residents’ perceptions of disorder on high‐crime street segments
Authors: Hinkle Joshua C. , White Clair , Weisburd David , Kuen Kiseong
Published: October 2022

Research Summary

Although broken windows theory has had strong influence on policy and practice in policing, there are still many questions and debates about the nature of disorder itself and, particularly, how people perceive and define it. The current study aims to examine whether Black and White residents living on the same street segments in Baltimore City, Maryland perceive similar levels of social and physical disorder. We find strong and significant differences between Black and White residents after controlling for key sociodemographic variables and street‐level covariates.

Policy Implications

Our findings suggest that police efforts to reduce disorder are less likely to be noticed by Black residents and that any benefits from targeting disorder may vary across places depending on the racial composition of streets. In this context, police must recognize racial differences in perceptions of disorder when developing disorder policing interventions.
Building organisational resilience capability in small and medium‐sized enterprises: The role of high‐performance work systems
Authors: Zhou Qin , Edafioghor Tinkuma Ejovi , Wu Chia‐Huei , Doherty Bob
Published: October 2022

Although organisational resilience is crucial to small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in turbulent business environments, research has yet to establish whether and how human resource management (HRM) systems can help build an SME's organisational resilience to influence firm performance. Drawing on the perspective of HRM as an internal capability builder and human capital resource theory, we develop a model that depicts how high‐performance work systems (HPWSs) build organisational resilience capabilities in the forms of bounce‐back and bounce‐forward resilience, leading to firm performance. We test our model using data from 1140 participants (including top management team members, middle‐level managers, and entry‐level employees) from 177 Nigerian SMEs. The structural equation modelling results show that HPWSs contribute to bounce‐back resilience via human capital value but to bounce‐forward resilience via both human capital value and heterogeneity. We also find that bounce‐forward resilience is related to firm performance but bounce‐back resilience is not.
Unraveling the morphological patterns of a subantarctic eelpout: a geometric morphometric approach
Authors: ORREGO Fernanda S. , HÜNE Mathias , BENÍTEZ Hugo A. , LANDAETA Mauricio F.
Published: October 2022

Phenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation).
Identifying the location of locoregional recurrences after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer using metabolic parameters of baseline and mid‐treatment 18F‐FDG‐PET scans
Authors: Aren Ewa , Trada Yuvnik , Lee Mark , Deshpande Shrikant , Jameson Michael G , Johnston Meredith , Berry Megan , Estall Vanessa , Fowler Allan
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Tumour recurrences after treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are more likely to originate from regions of high‐baseline FDG‐PET uptake. Mid‐treatment functional imaging can potentially predict for higher risk of tumour recurrence. The aim of this study is to correlate the location of locoregional tumour recurrence with baseline FDG‐PET metabolic volumes and mid‐treatment FDG‐PET metabolic volumes in patients with HNSCC following definitive radiotherapy.

Methods

A total of 23 patients with 26 local and/or regional recurrences underwent baseline (W0‐PET) and mid‐treatment (W3‐PET) 18F‐FDG PET scans as part of their radiotherapy. FDG‐PET‐based metabolic volumes (MTV20%, MTV40%, MTV60%, MTV80%, SUV2.5, SUVpeak and PET_EDGE) were delineated onto the FDG‐PET scans. The recurrence nidus was identified on FDG‐PET at the time of recurrence (REC‐PET). DIR‐based fusion was performed for REC‐PET to W0‐PET, and REC‐PET to W3‐PET. The location of the recurrence nidus was correlated with the FDG‐PET volumes. Further analysis included a comparison of the recurrence density to FDG‐PET metabolic volumes.

Results

Most recurrences occurred within the MTV20%, MTV40% and SUV 2.5 volumes. Sixty‐nine per cent of recurrences (18 of 26) occurred within both the W0 MTV40% and W3 MTV40% volumes. A higher recurrence density was seen for iso‐SUV contours closer to the maximum SUV for both W0 and W3. For a number of the FDG‐PET volumes, including MTV20%, MTV40% and SUV2.5, the recurrence density was improved for W3 compared to W0, however, this improvement was small in magnitude. The average volume of MTV40% contours was considerably smaller than MTV20% and SUV2.5 contours.

Conclusion

The metabolic parameters of SUV2.5, MTV20% and MTV40% delineated on the baseline and mid‐treatment FDG‐PET scans encompassed the majority of recurrences. The MTV40% is significantly smaller, hence, we prefer this volume for future dose escalation studies.
Child safety assessments during a caregiver's evaluation in emergency departments after intimate partner violence
Authors: Butala Nirali , Asnes Andrea , Gaither Julie , Leventhal John M. , O'Malley Shannon , Jubanyik Karen , Aydin Ani , Tiyyagura Gunjan
Published: October 2022

Background

Physical abuse of children is reported to occur in 30%–60% of homes with intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV in adult victims presenting to emergency departments (EDs) represents a critical opportunity to evaluate for child safety.

Objectives

The primary objective was to determine the frequency of child safety assessments (CSAs), defined as any documented inquiry about the presence of children in the household, when adults presented to EDs for IPV. The secondary aims were to assess (1) the impact of demographic factors, ED type, and social work (SW) involvement on the likelihood of CSAs; (2) the nature of children's exposure; and (3) the frequency of child protective services (CPS) reports.

Methods

We performed a chart review of encounters with ICD‐10‐CM codes for patients aged 18–60 with IPV presenting to three EDs in Connecticut from 2017 through 2019.

Results

CSAs were completed in 179/277 encounters (78.9%) and were more likely to be completed in encounters with SW involvement than without (162/171 [94.7%] vs. 17/56 [30.3%], p < 0.001). A total of 143 children lived in the home at the time of the incident; of the 107 children for whom the nature of exposure was known, 10 (9.3%) were physically involved and 26 (24.2%) were direct witnesses to the violence. CPS reports were made in 52.4% of the encounters in which children lived in the home.

Conclusions

CSAs were omitted in one‐fifth of encounters for IPV. Given the high prevalence of children involved in IPV episodes, ED encounters for IPV represent an opportunity to improve the safety of children.
Teaching delirium to undergraduate medical students: Exploring the effects of a cross‐professional group objective structured clinical examination compared to standard education
Authors: Montgomery Amy , Baird Louise , Traynor Victoria , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Smerdely Peter
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To compare a cross‐professional facilitated delirium group objective structured clinical examination (GOSCE) educational intervention with standard delirium education for medical students during clinical placement, and explore the differences in the examiner's written feedback between the two groups.

Methods

A non‐randomised clustered controlled designed study at a single metropolitan university across several campuses in Sydney, Australia. A convenience sample of third‐year medical students was recruited. Students' knowledge, communication, and clinical reasoning skills were assessed using a delirium case mock OSCE at the end of the academic year. The OSCE marks and the examiner's feedback for the intervention and control group were compared.

Results

The intervention group (n = 41) had a higher total mean OSCE mark compared to the control group (n = 29) (36.5, SD 2.9 vs. 33.7, SD 2.9, p < 0.001). Content analysis of the examiner's feedback showed the intervention group had a greater understanding of the need for forward planning and future cognitive assessments, and the roles of the interdisciplinary team in delirium care.

Conclusions

The innovative cross‐professional facilitated delirium GOSCE education was effective in increasing delirium knowledge, communication, and clinical reasoning skills compared to conventional education for medical students during clinical placement. Further studies are needed to investigate how this is translated into practice.
A novel pulsatile blood pump design for cardiothoracic surgery: Proof‐of‐concept in a mock circulation
Authors: Weber Elena , Chong Albert , Liebold Andreas , Hoenicka Markus
Published: October 2022

Background

Pulsatile perfusion during extracorporeal circulation is a promising concept to improve perfusion of critical organs. Clinical benefits are limited by the amount of pulsatile energy provided by standard pumps. The present study investigated the properties of a novel positive displacement blood pump in a mock circulation.

Methods

The pump was attached to an aortic model with a human‐like geometry and compliance as a pseudo patient. Hemodynamic data were recorded while the pump settings were adjusted systematically.

Results

Using a regular oxygenator, maximum flow was 2.6 L/min at a pressure of 27 mm Hg and a frequency (F) of 90 bpm. Pulse pressure (PP; 28.9 mm Hg) and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE; 26.1% of mean arterial pressure) were highest at F = 40 bpm. Flow and pressure profiles appeared sinusoid. Using a low‐resistance membrane ventilator to assess the impact of back pressure, maximum flow was 4.0 L/min at a pressure of 58.6 mm Hg and F = 40 bpm. At F = 40 bpm, PP was 58.7 mm Hg with an SHE of 33.4%. SHE decreased with increasing flow, heart rate, and systolic percentage but surpassed 10% with reasonable settings.

Conclusions

The present prototype achieved sufficient flow and pressure ranges only in the presence of a low‐resistance membrane ventilator. It delivered supraphysiologic levels of pulse pressure and SHE. Further modifications are planned to establish this concept for adult pulsatile perfusion.
Liver fibrosis in young patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT), understanding the role of steatosis
Authors: Ricchi Paolo
Published: October 2022

Using transient elastography Padeniya et al. detected steatosis and fibrosis in a cohort of young heavily iron overloaded patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia; steatosis was associated only with increasing body mass index, but not with iron overload and diabetes. Recently, great efforts have been devoted to eliminating or reducing iron overload and hepatitis C infection, which are well‐recognised causes of liver damage. Thus, haematologists should be aware that steatosis and probably more complex metabolism alterations may be encountered very early in these patients and could be responsible for further liver damage.

Commentary on: Padeniya et al. The association between steatosis and liver damage in transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2023;200:517‐523
Experimental evidence of the impact of framing of actors and victims in conservation narratives
Authors: Shreedhar Ganga , Thomas‐Walters Laura
Published: October 2022

Media narratives play a crucial role in framing marine conservation dilemmas by depicting human actors, such as fish consumers or the fishing industry, as responsible for negative effects of their actions on species and ecosystems. However, there is little evidence documenting how such narratives affect preferences for reducing bycatch. Behavioral science research shows that people can act less prosocially when more actors are responsible for a collective outcome (responsibility diffusion effect) and when more victims need to be helped (compassion fade effect); thus, the media's framing of actors and victims may have a significant effect on preferences. We conducted the first test of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade in a marine context in an online experiment (1548 participants in the United Kingdom). In 9 media narratives, we varied the type of actors responsible for fisheries bycatch (e.g., consumers and industry) and victims (e.g., a single species, multiple species, and ecosystems) in media narratives and determined the effects of the narratives on participants’ support for bycatch policies and intentions to alter fish consumption. When responsibility for negative effects was attributed to consumers and industry, the probability of participants reporting support for fisheries policies (e.g., bycatch enforcement or consumer taxes) was ∼30% higher (odds ratio = 1.32) than when only consumers were attributed responsibility. These effects were primarily driven by female participants. Narratives had no effect on personal intentions to consume fish. Varying the type of victim had no effect on policy support and intentions. Our results suggest that neither responsibility diffusion nor compassion fade automatically follows from increasing the types of actors and victims in media narratives and that effects can depend on the type of outcome and population subgroup.
Key informant perspectives on 3 am last drinks legislation in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Miller Peter G. , Farmer Clare , Robertson Narelle , Coomber Kerri , Curtis Ashlee , Baldwin Ryan , Patafio Brittany , Ferris Jason , Puljevic Cheneal , Taylor Nicholas , de Andrade Dominique
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The objective of this study was to explore key informant attitudes towards the ‘Last Drinks at 3am’ legislation in Safe Night Precincts in Queensland, Australia.

Method

Sixty‐six interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders including licensees, law enforcement and frontline health professionals. Interviews were semi‐structured and analysed using thematic analysis. Key informants responded to questions regarding their experiences of, and opinions about, the last drinks legislation.

Results

Key informants reported a range of experiences around the impact of last drinks restrictions, including reduced staffing costs and patron‐related problems within licensed venues. While some venues reported that their businesses lost money, others reported no change in income or that they changed their business model to compensate. Law enforcement and health professionals reported a range of benefits including reduced alcohol‐related anti‐social behaviour, drunkenness and injury.

Conclusions

The majority of key informants reported that the last drinks legislation reduced harm, while having minimal detrimental impact on business.
Radical Innovation: Promoting Sustainable Dynamics for Design Business Innovation
Authors: Zhang Xi , Kim Taesun
Published: October 2022

[Radical innovation thinking] can be used to help designers create a perpetual motion of inspiration in their work.

Try radical innovation thinking—not only to create user‐friendly experiences and details in products, but also to provide endless inspiration for designers.