bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red wood ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) influence on the spatial distribution of small mammals in the conditions of the Volga Upland
Authors: Boryakova Elena Evgenievna , Melnik Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of research devoted to the study of the spatial interaction of small mammals and red wood ants. The aim of the research was to learn the ants Formica aquilonia Yarr. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) influence on the spatial structure of Micromammalia populations in the Conifer-Deciduous Forests of the Volga Upland. Trapping of mammals was carried out with traps Gero, geobotanical descriptions were made according to standard methods; the package Statistica 6.0 was used for results processing. It was revealed that mouse-like rodents did not avoid ant-trails despite the fact of the ants disturbance factor. Its presumably due to vegetation in the vicinity to anthills, the climate and the conditions created with the plants. The obtained results by the distribution of micromammalia burrows in the space allow us to speak about 2 groups of small mammals with different ecological strategy: gravitating which is near the ant-trails and anthills and careful which settle over a distance. The group core are probably individuals of the dominant species such as bank vole (Cletrionomys glareolus) and pygmy field mouse (Apodemus uralensis). The interaction of small mammals and ants in the mixed forests of the Volga Upland are mediated, apparently, with the influence of vegetation.
Ecological condition of the small rivers Ik and Syun in the Sharansky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Nafikova Elvina Rishatovna , Islamova Aysylu Airatowna
Published: December 2020

Currently the negative impact of man on aquatic ecosystems is very noticeable. This, in the final analysis, was reflected in the change in the hydrological regime of rivers and lakes. Environmental conditions in many water bodies deteriorated sharply. There are also acute exacerbations of water management situations, deterioration of water use conditions due to the lack of scientifically based principles of nature management in the catchment area, and quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources due to the combined impact of various sectors of the national economy The ecological state of water bodies largely depends on external influences, the magnitude of which should not exceed the permissible limits. In this case, the ecosystem maintains its stability. The paper deals with the assessment of the ecological state of rivers and their resistance to polluting effects, in particular, an assessment of the quality of the water of the Ik and Syun rivers in the Sharansky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Physico-chemical and organoleptic analyses of the rivers have been carried out. The research was conducted in September-May 2016-2017. The analysis of the water was carried out in the analytical laboratories of the Tuimazy inter-district branch of the FBU Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The water quality in the river was estimated using the Mayer index.
Assessment of oil companies impact on the ecological status of surrounding area soils
Authors: Sultanova Milyausha Ilnurovna , Shmelev Nikolai Aleksandrovich , Islamova Aysylu Airatowna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the study results of the soil layer on the territory of oil and gas companies. Assessment of anthropogenic impact of oil on key chemical and biological parameters of soil is given on the basis of experimental research on the territory of the enterprise. The objects of the study was background (uncontaminated) and contaminated soil. The impact of oil pollution in natural conditions was studied by means of mapping properties of contaminated soils with their background counterparts. Soil cover is the main element of the landscape the first assumes the environmental impact. Because of mechanical disturbance and chemical pollution there is a gradual degradation of the soil, which has become one of the major environmental problems of oil and gas complex. The research was conducted in AprilMay 2017. The analysis shows that the morphological characteristics of the soil have changed significantly. The analysis of the soil phytotoxicity shows a high degree of soil phytotoxicity. The percentage of humus is less than the average content in the upper soil horizon. The analysis of the chemical composition shows a relatively low level of soil contamination with heavy metals, the exception was the concentration of cadmium and cobalt. The oil content does not exceed the MPC.
Early Neolithic pottery of Western Belarus: current state of research and its perspectives
Authors: Tkachou Aleh Yurjevich
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the Early Neolithic pottery from the Western Belarus, pottery of Dubičiai type. The set of its most distinctive features includes organic temper in clay mass, a belt of deep round pits under a rim edge, strokes by round stick (hoofs), slantwise thin grooved lines or slantwise net ornament of such lines. Hypotheses on the origin of Dubičiai type pottery are under discussion as well. According to many scholars, the area of occurrence of Dubičiai type pottery includes Belarusian part of the River Neman region (except the River Viliya basin), the left-bank of the upper Prypiat River basin, the southern Lithuania, the part of the north-eastern Poland, and the northern part of Volhynia. At the same time D.Ya. Telegin, E.N. Titova, G.V. Okhrimenko distinguish the Volhynian culture in the region of the same name. It has many traits analogous to the Prypiat-Neman culture. The scale of differences between the Early Neolithic pottery from Western Polesia and Volhynia and Dubičiai type pottery from the River Neman region allows considering the Volhynian culture as not a separate culture but as a local variant of the Neman culture. Sokołwek type pottery has been discovered at the sites in Podlasie and in Belarusian part of the River Bug region. It is analogous to Dubičiai type pottery by morphology and ornamentation but has less of organic temper in clay mass. Most probably, it is a result of local development of the Early Neolithic traditions in the western part of Prypiat-Neman culture area.
Genesis and transformation of Polish-Lithuanian sovereigns’ protectorship right over the Livonian confederation lands
Authors: Bessudnov Daniil Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

As known, from the end of the XV century Livonia became the object of close attention of the sovereigns As known, since the end of the XV century Livonia became the object of close attention of the sovereigns of Denmark, Sweden, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Crown of Poland and the Moscow State, who were attracted by its favorable strategic position, an important role in the international Baltic trade and rich land resources. However, the possibility of direct expansion by the Catholic states was limited by the status of Livonia as a crusading state, under the auspices of the two most influential political assemblies of Catholic Europe the Pope and the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. An interesting way to bypass this obstacle was used by the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian state, who applied a special form of political expansion that did not violate or at least created an appearance of preserving the papal and imperial prerogatives, and at the same time allowed them to postulate themselves as their legitimate implementers. That was promoted by the ancient political and legal concept according to which they acted as protectors and conservators of the states of the Livonian Confederation. It emerged in the XIV century, but, however, it was fully in demand by the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian state only in the XVI century, when Livonia became the main object of the battle for the Baltic and a very interesting problem is the historical roots and the modification of this political concept from the time of its appearance to its finalization.
The history of the school campus in Chechnya (1920s)
Authors: Matagova Khatmat Abuevna
Published: December 2020

The paper attempts to characterize the history of the school campus, which is one of the specific forms of national personnel training in the Chechen Autonomous Region in the 1920s. In the first Soviet decades considerable attention was paid to the problems of education in the national outskirts. The low level of literacy of the population of Chechnya, inherited from the past, led to the features of processes occurring in the field of education and culture. The lack of the required number of national personnel and the need for their concentration in one area to serve simultaneously several academic units led to the organization of Lenin campuses. In 1925 in Chechnya an education city was organized that united a pedagogical college, an agricultural school of the Soviet party school and a school with a total combined educational and economic part. By 1930 there had been changes in the structure of the school campus, which included by that time a reference school (four-year stage 1), a cooperative vocational school, one-year training courses in technical school, agricultural training. Teachers college was not included in the school campus by that time. The training campus in Chechnya trained thousands of party and Soviet, trade Union, Komsomol and farm workers and was an important link in the education system of the Chechen Republic.
Theatre activity in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw
Authors: Morozova Irina Pavlovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problems of theatre activity development in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw. The research objective is to define what changes happened in the theatre activity in the Southern Urals after Stalins repressions in 19531964. For the research the author used periodicals, archival documents, books about the theater. The research has shown that after Stalins personality cult exposure there were big theater changes in the southern Urals. People became more interested in the theatre. It was in Bashkiria where the theater developed greatly. The paper examines the creative activity of theatres in the southern Urals, Orenburg Region and Bashkortostan, reveals specific features and problems in the functioning of the studied institutions in the era of the thaw, studies repertoire policy of theaters. The repertoire updated and new theaters opened. Actors and directors found new forms of art self-expression. Drama art stops being the weapon of the political propaganda. The author has no opportunity to carry out a comparative analysis of this research with other researches as the subject has not been investigated by anybody yet.
Pedagogical university students’ environmental knowledge improvement method
Authors: Busygin Alexandr Georgievich , Lizunova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Currently, the world is at a decisive point at which the destruction of the environment and modern civilization, or finding ways to prevent the environmental crisis, catastrophes that threaten mass destruction. It is necessary to change this situation, if humanity really wants to save the environment and livelihoods. Scientists have concluded that the environmental crisis is a reflection of the crisis of society, crisis of modern culture, which is focused on increasing the amount of human needs without taking into account the capabilities of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. This paper deals with the methodology of ecological knowledge improvement among students of pedagogical university in the framework of the integrative course Fundamentals of Ecology. The authors pay special attention to the development of the program, which is aimed at ecological knowledge improvement in wildlife management and environmental protection among students of pedagogical universities. The structure of this program allows you to logically organize the material and review it comprehensively. All the blocks (components) of the program are linked. The program is based on the following principles: universality, continuity, consistency, integration, flexibility and variability, conformity to culture and ecohumanism.
Development of ecological culture of prospective fine and decorative art teachers
Authors: Levina Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the problem of development of ecological culture of students prospective teachers of fine and decorative art. The author proves the necessity of culturological approach, which allows to integrate different fields of spiritual culture, to expand students horizons, to give them new knowledge, to form a coherent picture of the world. The paper emphasizes that ecological culture is manifested in the system of spiritual values, in all the results of human activity related to cognition and transformation of nature. Hence it is necessary to train teachers who will be able to work with students and develop their ecological culture. Qualification characteristics of a teacher should provide his/her professional readiness to implement environmental training and education. To achieve a necessary level of environmental training is possible only by adjusting and updating existing educational programs. The paper contains a model of development of ecological culture through art; it determines the content, terms and stages of its implementation. The model consists of three levels and the paper discusses each of them; the author also describes necessary organizational-pedagogical conditions, methodological approaches (cultural studies, local history, student-centered, activity-based) and methodological principles (of scientific character, systematic character, consistency, clarity, orientation, training, conformity to culture, of natural law). In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that the proposed model allows to organize a continuous process at a pedagogical university that is aimed to develop ecological culture of prospective teachers.
The organization of independent work of students in the framework of the competence training approach
Authors: Makarov Sergey Ivanovich , Buntova Elena Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

In the modern paradigm the purpose of higher education is to train specialists who know how to gain professional knowledge themselves. The aim of the study was to analyze basic principles of competence approach in education, to identify the place of students independent work in the educational process of higher education, to identify the main characteristics of students independent work in the framework of the competence approach. Scientific literature study helped to define independent student work within the framework of the competence approach in education, gave the opportunity to choose independent work concepts, which most clearly reflect the main characteristics of this type of educational activity. The authors showed didactic potential of students independent work in the framework of the competence approach in education. The paper shows the main pedagogical conditions of independent work organization.
Cognitive correction at the University on the basis of electronic educational resources use
Authors: Makarov Sergey Ivanovich , Sevastianova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Ufimtseva Lyudmila Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problems of cognitive correction at high school. The authors propose a model of correctional work that helps to organize students individual independent work with the gradual and final result control. The authors identify specifics, goals and objectives of the proposed forms and methods of correctional work at the University from the point of the competence approach. As the main didactic means of this technology the authors propose to use e-learning resources that include components, providing: cognitive problems learning diagnosis, statistical analysis of errors and problems, formation of individual behavior change trajectory in accordance with the aims and objectives of corrections, a comprehensive study of the discipline, correction control results and systematic development of students competencies. The authors considered options for the use of the proposed technology on the example of Mathematics course at universities of Economics. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to introduce it into the educational process of the University in various subject areas.
Developing cultural awareness in future teachers of physical education: current situation, issues, prospects
Authors: Serper Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the specifics of development of common cultural competence of students majoring in physical culture and sport. Federal state educational standard of the third generation, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, involves development of common cultural competencies that are important for the implementation of the personality program development of a modern expert and a trainer. The value of common cultural competence in the system of modern education increases because of personality-oriented education paradigm, in which the society requires active, capable of self-development and self-education professionals, especially in areas that are vital for the development of Russian society and the state. The paper shows that the development of fitness has formed such a question as fitness pedagogy: it is necessary to determine a set of professional and general cultural competence, content and curriculum framework for future professionals in the field of fitness, to find necessary common cultural competences and how they contribute to the development of the future experts in fitness, how to interact with the professional and general cultural competence in the educational process. Solving this problem will allow to reform the system of experts training in a most optimal and efficient way and will help to realize national objectives to preserve the nations health.
Soil Algae and mosses role in biocenoses formation in the tailings of Mikhailovsky Mining and Beneficiation Plant of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Nagornaya Olga Vyacheslavovna , Golovastikova Antonina Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of studies investigating the role of representatives of Algae and Bryophyta divisions in the composition of biocenoses dumps loess-like loam and clay of the Callovian of different ages (5-, 15-, 25 years) of Mikhailovsky Mining and Beneficiation Plant of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. The author considers the role of soil Algae and mosses as indicators of biocenosis changes in connection with the peculiarities of the lithological framework and age of the dumps. It is proved that successione changes in communities of soil Algae and mosses coincide with succesional changes in the phytocenoses of the dumps in General. Studies have shown that the primary satelitales dumps are the representatives of the department of blue-green Algae Cyanophyta. They form a mono community in 5 year dumps clay of the Callovian and dominate in 5 year dumps. Further formation of the algae Alps in all types of studied rocks is of zonal type. The first of the mossy plants of the Bryophyta dumps division inhabits Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.). It is the dominant species and persists on all breeds up to the age of 25 as the least demanding of the substrate. Further, the formation of the community of mosses is on a zonal type and lesavignon loam, on average, 15 years faster. It is found that algal communities and bryophytes cenoses form at different speeds on the soil stockpiles. It has been calculated that the stabilization of Algae cenoses will require about 19 years for the Quaternary loess and 32 years on the clay of the Callovian. Stabilization of the community of moss will require about 35 years for the loess and about 70 years on the clay of the Callovian.
Ecological and botanical features of the railroads flora of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Nikitin Nikolay Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper summarizes the study of ecological characteristics of the Railways flora in the Middle Volga Region. The author comes to the conclusion that in most cases there arent any significant differences between aboriginal and alien species of the Railways flora, as well as their settlement of functional zones. The most significant differences have been recorded between aboriginal and alien species in the addition of families, which in turn does not have a decisive role in their addition to the flora as a whole. The author thinks that ecological features of the territory of individual growth are more important than biological features of species and families in the formation of the Railways flora. The developed scale of oppression allowed to determine characteristics of a particular individual. In the course of the research the dependence between the degree of oppression of plant organisms and the distance to the railroad tracks was established. The author found no significant differences in reactogenicity between the indigenous and alien species at active human impact on the Railways - both groups showed similar trends of oppression.
Barrow 5 of the «Sluiceway» group on the left bank of the Lower Dniester and Scythian cenotaphs of the North-West Black Sea Region
Authors: Sinika Vitalij Stepanovich , Telnov Nikolai Petrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper publishes and analyzes the Scythian barrow 5 of the Sluiceway group of barrows located near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya District, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The mound was erected at the turn of the 4th-3rd centuries BC and contained eight Scythian funeral structures, three of which were cenotaphs. Only 14 such symbolic graves are known in the North-West Black Sea region. In addition to the three graves published in the present work, there is Balabany 6/1, Semyonovka 20, Kochkovatoe 48/4, Volovarskata Mogila 1 and 2, Glinoe 40/1, Glinoe/Sluiceway 6/3, 6/4, 8/1 and 8/4, Glinoe/Garden 7/3. They were made in the second half of the 4th-2nd centuries BC. A significant number of childrens cenotaphs (8), allows us to assume that they were all made by settled Scythians. The use of some of the complexes (4 cases) as cenotaphs can be impugned. At the same time, there are no doubts about the existence of real cenotaphs (under-barrow complexes, with or without funeral structures) intended for symbolic internment of people (10 cases), whose bodies could not be betrayed to earth for any reasons.
Clay plastic arts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve in the first half I millennium AD
Authors: Lomov Pavel Konstantinovich , Novikov Andrey Vladilenovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the early-medieval clay plastic arts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluves. It is an important and informative source that helps to consider some problems of West Siberia archaeology. For more than a century-old-archaeological study of the region, a small but considerably representative collection of clay plastic images referred to the early Middle Ages has been gathered. The paper is devoted to the complex analysis (i.e. morphology, semantics and functional use) of the early-medieval clay plastic arts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve period. Special attention is paid to the history of the study of clay plastic arts in the Russian archaeology and to ethno cultural peculiarities of the early-medieval Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The paper reviews and generalizes a variety of items of early-medieval clay plastic arts known on the archaeological sites of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The items of clay plastic arts have been comprehensively analyzed: their morphological traits have been studied, stylistic analysis has been made and the location of the figurines on the archaeological sites has been described. Semantic analysis of two large types of images has been carried out. It has been suggested that the Potchevash culture bearers had a complicated ideology concerned with the field and stock-raising cults with such attributes as the items of the small statuary imaging horses and moose.
Ceramic traditions of monuments of the Harin Time in the Perm Ural Region: uniformity or diversity?
Authors: Batueva Nadezhda Sergeevna , Shmuratko Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics found on the monuments of the Perm Cis-Ural of the era of the Great Migration are presented in the paper. The analysis was carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach by AA. Bobrinsky. Five clusters were formed according to the results of multidimensional classification (cluster analysis by the method of k-means) of 67 vessels. Each cluster can be interpreted as an independent pottery tradition. The first tradition is represented by vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of a crushed clamshell to the molding mass. This tradition is most widely represented (58,2% of the vessels of the aggregate sample) and can be associated with the local Glydeen tribes of the early Iron Age. Vessels with organic impurities (manure, organic solution) in the molding mass constitute the second tradition - 16,4% of the vessels of the aggregate sample. The tradition has origins in the Sarmatian world of the Southern Urals and can belong to the tribes who migrated to the region. The third tradition can be traced on vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of crushed clamshell and organic solution to the molding mass - 19,4% of the total sample vessels. Tradition illustrates the process of mixing local and foreign populations. The fourth tradition includes a single vessel made of clay with a natural admixture of talc. We can find the origins of the tradition on the eastern slope of the Urals. The fifth tradition is represented by a single vessel made of clay in crushed condition. The fourth and fifth traditions are few; together they make up about 3% of the vessels of the cumulative sample. The obtained results allow us to speak about the motley cultural palette of Perm Cis-Ural in the era of the Great Migration. The results of the analysis do not agree with the opinion that all ceramics of the early Middle Ages in the Kama Region belong to the one same type and are left by one ethnic group.
Heroes of the Soviet Union - students of Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute (based on the archive of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education and Samara State Archive of Social and Political History)
Authors: Khramkova Elena Lenarovna , Khramkova Nina P.
Published: December 2020

In the spring and summer of 2017 personal files of the Soviet Union Heroes Vladimir Mikhaylovich Mikheyev, Alexander Mitrofanovich Bondarev and Alexander Vasilyevich Novikov were found in archives of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (SSUSSE). Their names and feats made during the Great Patriotic War were known. However thanks to the found documents the authors managed to connect them with the pedagogical university for the first time. Established facts were supported by the documents of Samara State Archive of Social and Political History (SSASPH). On November 7, 2017 the memorial plate with images of heroes and dates of their training at the pedagogical university were created and placed on the university building (L. Tolstoy St., 47). In November-December of the same year personal records of two more Soviet Union Heroes - Boris Mikhaylovich Padalko and Mikhail Yakovlevich Romanov were found in archive of SSUSSE. They also graduated from Kuibyshev pedagogical university after the war. The received materials have been confirmed with the materials of SSASPH again. The paper considers new facts of life and activity of five Soviet Union Heroes of 1941-1945 on the basis of personal records which are stored in archives of SSUSSE and SSASPH. The number of the heroes who graduated from Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education as well as the number of the Soviet Union Heroes of the Samara Region has successfully increased.
Verification and evaluation of professional competence development: problems and ways of their solving (on the material of the discipline/module «Methods of Teaching Biology»)
Authors: Marina Antonina Vasilievna , Galkina Elena A. , Makarova Olga B.
Published: December 2020

The following paper considers one of the key issues related to prospective bachelors professional competencies development on the example of Methods of Biology Teaching. The paper presents a list of professional competencies developed by means of the discipline. The component composition of each of them is presented. The paper describes development procedures and technologies of professional competences components check - knowledge, abilities and possession. The author gives examples of each task. It is established that the least difficulties are associated with verifying competencies activity component development. The authors reveal criteria of students activity estimation within each of the designated procedures. The authors give criteria for the evaluation testing, exploratory abstract works, creative jobs, and multimedia presentations. The difficulties faced by teachers in the implementation of this work are shown. The main problem of the final forms control criterion evaluation is the disclosure of main knowledge component of the competence of the discipline. The presented materials can be used by university teachers, teaching the course Methods of Biology Teaching.
Study of students’ volitional qualities as one of the aspects of personal achievements in physical culture and sports activities
Authors: Safonenko Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a study of strong-willed qualities of students, as one of the aspects of personal achievements in physical culture and sports as well as pedagogical conditions that develop various volitional qualities: purposefulness, determination and courage, perseverance, discipline, self-control and independence. The author reveals factors that contribute to strong-willed education in the process of physical culture and sports activities. The paper describes the experimental technique developed and introduced into the process of physical education, aimed at strong-willed qualities development. The basis of the experimental methodology for students strong-willed qualities development in sports and sports activities are various pedagogical methods that ensure the need for a systematic and gradual overcoming of objective and subjective difficulties while solving proposed tasks. They work under certain requirements: the increasing complexity of obstacles; the consistency of the magnitude of the difficulty with the capabilities of the practitioner in overcoming it; fulfillment of tasks in conditions of overcoming the state of fatigue; use of competitive method of training; complication of external conditions of activity; conscious activity development. Creating specially organized pedagogical conditions made it possible to develop students necessary volitional qualities, to increase motivation to engage in physical culture and sports activities, to acquire a positive experience of personal achievements in physical culture activities.
Ecological status assessment of microbic population from cespitose-podsolic soil basic saprothrophic microbic pool at the Inzensky field diatomite biochemical destruction
Authors: Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich , Kulikova Alevtina Hristoforovna , Uromova Irina Pavlovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper considers reaction of the saprothrophic and ammoniphycal microbic populations, allocated from the cespitose-podsolic sandy loamy soil of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, to the Inzensky field diatomite substance. On this basis the ecological status of these microorganisms in relation to the studied high-siliceous breed is estimated subsequently. 7-day accumulative cultures of general saprothrophic and ammoniphycal bacteria were used in the study. Living cells were emitted from the cespitose and podsolic soil selected from the Borsky district field Elitkhoz by the standard rules in microbiological biotechnology. The result of the research was 30-day dynamics of the breed culture system regarding change of living cells number and proteolytic enzymatic activity of bacterial suspension at biochemical degradation of diatomite substance. The described reaction of microbic complexes in the form of positive dynamics of number and protease activity demonstrates direct destruction interaction of bacterial cultures with diatomite breed that, in turn, can assume their active reaction with this breed and organic substance of the soil with the subsequent release in soil solution of various nutritious elements and in general stabilization of bacterial L-strategists in the general ecological status of soil microbiocenosis.
Reaction of macromycetes fungi on anthropogenic disturbances
Authors: Safonov Maxim Anatolyevich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the influence of the anthropogenic press on different levels of macromycetes fungi biota organization: the Bank of spores and propagules of fungi, individual fungal organisms and their communities. It is assumed that anthropogenic disturbances of the environment decrease some fungi spores viability and change the ratio of different species spores. Environment disturbances affect fungi directly and indirectly, but indirect effects are more significant, since the destruction of fruit bodies does not affect the state of the mycelium. Indirect effects include violation of physical and chemical properties of substrates (soil, wood), increase of their toxicity, and changes in vegetation cover, causing changes in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of detritus and plants that can form mycorrhizae. The mechanisms of reducing the diversity and functioning of mycobiota in the conditions of technogenic pollution are discussed. Communities of fungi respond to anthropogenic disturbances by changing the structure, especially functional, which increase absolute and relative number of phytopathogenic fungi in communities. It is concluded that the current trend of regional mycobiota development is aimed at preserving the natural state and currently there are no clear signs of its degradation.
Heavy metals content in organs and tissues of fish from the Belaya River
Authors: Khusnutdinova Lilia Ralifovna , Iskhakova Aigul Timerbaevna
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the content and peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in the organs and tissues of fish from the Belaya River, caught in the cities of Birsk and Ufa in the Republic of Bashkortostan. To determine the content of iron, copper, cadmium and lead ions, the muscles, liver and blood of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and common bream (Blicca bjoerkna L.) were examined. Both species belong to herbivorous fish, but they prefer different habitats: carp is a ground fish, and the bream lives in the water column. The choice of fish species under study is related to their wide distribution in this river. Studies have shown that biogenic elements (iron, copper) are better accumulated in the fish blood, and for the other heavy metals (lead, cadmium) studied, the accumulating organ is the liver. Analysis of tissues and organs for the presence of heavy metal ions was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy in the laboratory of environmental monitoring of physico-chemical environment contamination in the Birsk branch of the Bashkir State University (Birsk). The results obtained can serve as a basis for monitoring the ecological state of the river water and the hydrobionts living there.
Divorce and second marriage of Knyaz Roman Mstislavich
Authors: Abukov Sergey Navilievich
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on a family conflict at the turn of XIIXIII centuries between the Kievan Knyaz Rurik Rostislavich and the Galician Knyaz Roman Mstislavich, who married Ruriks daughter Predslava. In historiography the problem is one of the most controversial, since it is directly related to the dating of the second marriage and the origin of the second wife of Roman Mstislavich. The author, on the basis of available data, tried to determine the chronology of events, as well as to show close family relations between the knyazes of Rurik dynasty and the policy. The political conflict between Roman and his father-in-law Rurik Rostislavich, together with other reasons, led to the termination of his family relations with his daughter. The key topic in the paper is the probable mechanism of Galician knyaz second marriage legitimation, which allowed him to divorce his first wife and get married for the second time. According to the author, divorce from Predslava was not a one-time act for Roman Mstislavich. Despite the church divorce received from the Patriarch of Constantinople, the Galician knyaz went to the violent tonsure of his first wife to finally legitimize his new family life and children from his second marriage.
Revolutionary power perception by the Vladimir province population in March-October 1917: according to the district commissars and militia chiefs’ estimates
Authors: Ptitsina Galina Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the analysis of the Vladimir province Provisional Government commissars and militia chiefs reports on the assessment of revolutionary power perception by the local population in March-October 1917. The author characterizes a complex of sources and methodology of working with them. The paper considers the Vladimir province inhabitants attitude to the change of power in February 1917, to the events in Petrograd in July, and to the October coup from the Provisional Government commissars point of view. Besides, the author characterizes a condition of the peoples militia, social behavior of rural and urban residents on the basis of official reports. The author concludes about an enormous information potential of such reports from the places, which, due to their structure and content, bear the imprint of the personal impression of the official from communicating with the inhabitants. The reports analysis has shown that their main topics were not political: unauthorized felling, seizure of forests, increasing robberies and hooliganism as well as disruption in food security. In general, the reports described the absolute apolitical nature of the peasants with their desire to solve the pressing issues of cold and hunger, as well as the open bellicosity of workers who were suspicious to all representatives of the government.
Dynamics of the Mordovians number in the union republics of the USSR
Authors: Shulgov Evgeny Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The external parameters of the ecumene include the ethnos number and its dynamics. In the course of the historical process, the Mordovian population on the territory of the near abroad republics (in the Union Republics of the USSR) varied according to natural and climatic, social and economic factors. The history of population migration and the Mordovian population formation in the CIS countries is recorded by the results of the censuses of the Russian Empire and the USSR. The dynamics of the Union republics Mordovians can be traced by censuses of Byelorussia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, etc. Statistical data are confirmed by documents extracted from fund 473 of the Mordovian SSR State Committee on labor and social issues of the Republic of Mordovia Central State Archives. There are folders with various decrees, edicts, plans for interregional migration in the Mordovian ASSR; lists and questionnaires of settlers, acts-lists on workers transferred to enterprises, application forms compiled for resettlers, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the types of documentary sources and create a picture of the Mordovian population dynamics on the territory of the near abroad countries (the former Soviet Union Republics). A wide range of documentary sources made it possible to create the picture of the Mordovians migration in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and others.
Theoretical justification of pedagogical situations cognitive modeling
Authors: Kamaleeva Alsu Raufovna , Gruzkova Svetlana Yurevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the application of methodology of pedagogical situations cognitive modeling, which is considered by the authors as a process consisting of six consecutive and interconnected stages. The first stage is a formulation of the purpose and the corresponding tasks. The second stage provides collecting, systematization and analysis of a pedagogical situation with the subsequent allocation of the major factors influencing development of the situation and determination of interrelation between them, i.e. creation of a cognitive map. At the third stage a focused count is created as a result of accounting of the cause and effect chains reflecting the system of interaction between the educational process subjects and allowing to form a pedagogical theory on the basis of basic person study categories: consciousness, thinking, knowledge, understanding, etc. The fourth stage assumes combination of the cognitive map and the focused count in a uniform cognitive model of the studied pedagogical situation. The fifth stage is focused on a real pedagogical situation cognitive model adequacy check i.e. on its verification. The last sixth stage allows to define possible options of a pedagogical situation development by a cognitive model, to find ways and mechanisms of a situation impact.
Applied bases of the person physical culture education process management
Authors: Korovin Sergey Semenovich
Published: December 2020

The quality of school education as a system of the directional usage of the physical culture values is conditionally provided through the effectiveness of the teachers activities (as well as by all the schools subjects) in realization of the management actions with regards to this system functioning optimization, its integrity and stability in the process of the base aim achievement students physical culture education. Meanwhile the management activity itself as a system stipulates, in its turn, for the definite stages of the management work with regards to the fulfillment a corresponding content of the management actions. So, based on the existing notions about the internal school management system as well as on the experience in management the process of physical education in the bringing up a students physical culture, the following management activities stages and their main content are defined: collection and processing (analysis, synthesis) information about the object of management (physical education); diagnosis of the state of the object (subject) of management and the activity forecast, establishment of the aim (the anticipation of the results in physical culture and sports activities), private goals in the process of students physical culture teaching, management decision taking (the combination of the mental operations and actions, that define a problematic situation, its transfer to the task, formation of the physical culture and sports activities motives and hypothesis about the means of its decision); planning (foreseeing the way how the physical education process will be developed in time); working out a physical culture and sports activities content (system regulation of the elements and processes, that form the subject or phenomenon; the content of physical culture and sports activities the system of knowledge, movement abilities and skills, experience of the creative value-oriented activity, that provide for the personalitys physical culture formation); activity organization (as a combination of actions for regulation and co-ordination of subject-object physical culture and sports activities in teaching, education and development of the personality); control (complex) of education activity (its biomedicine and psycho-pedagogical forms); collection and processing of education activities results; correction of the aim, planning, content and the processes of physical culture and sports activities and physical education organization.
New locations of rare vascular plant species on cut-over peat lands (on the example of Kirov Region)
Authors: Egorova Natalya Yurievna , Egoshina Tatiana Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the investigation data of 6 cut-over peat lands in central area of Kirov Region (on the example of Zuev, Orichev, Slobod, Kirov and Chepez areas). The authors found the new locations of 10 rare plant species enlisted in the regional Red Book and species that have limited distribution in a region or have narrow ecological range (Gymnadenia conopsea, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis atrorubens, Platanthera bifolia, Trichophorum alpinum, Botrychium multifidum, Dryopteris cristata, Thelipteris palustris, Huperzia selago). They also describe the process of phytocoenoses. The study shows the development of new typical boggy plant societies as a result of secondary bogging (on the example of Trichophorum alpinum, Drosera rotundifolia, Carex nigra, Eriophorum vaginatum, Parnassia palustris). The paper estimates the state of rare species populations. The authors analyze the ability of the species to inhabit artificial landscapes and anthropogenically modified phytocoenoses. That shows an explerent component of ecological-phytocoenotic strategy. Secondary boggy landscapes can play the role of refugiums for the species which habitats were lost due to industrial impact.
Small mammals in the biomonitoring system of protected areas (on the example of the Ishim District of the Tyumen Region)
Authors: Levykh Alyona Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the field studies of small mammals carried out from 1997 till 2017 on three specially protected natural areas of the Ishim District of the Tyumen Region (on the example of subzone of the northern forest-steppe). The method of synecology helped to analyze both the species and structural diversity and integral indices of the state of communities. The method of epigenetics aimed to show the stability of development in the populations of dominant species (on the example of Myodes rutilus and Sorex araneus). The article shows that the level of species diversity and stability of small mammalian communities is directly proportional to the area of specially protected natural areas and reversely proportional to the level of anthropogenic load on the habitat. High anthropogenic load is the reason of neutrals and anthropophiles disappearing from communities of small mammals. The index of dominance of Apodemus agrarius increases as well as the exoanthropic species. The author establishes that the information structure of all studied communities is that of poorly disturbed habitats of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The information structure of the small mammals community of the most protected areas (1108 hectares), experiencing minimal anthropogenic impact is consistently reproduced in the number of years. The analysis of small mammals community showed a low resource potential of a forest park with an area of 14,5 hectares, located in the center of the city. At the same time the integral indices of the fluctuating asymmetry of the nonmetric features of the skull in the investigated populations of M. rutilus and S. araneus indicate the stability of epigenetic processes and the good state of the land and air environment.