bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Low‐Cost Quasi‐Solid‐State “Water‐in‐Swelling‐Clay” Electrolyte Enabling Ultrastable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tian Siyu , Hwang Taesoon , Malakpour Estalaki Sina , Tian Yafen , Zhou Long , Milazzo Tye , Moon Seunghyun , Wu Shiwen , Jian Ruda , Balkus Kenneth , Luo Tengfei , Cho Kyeongjae , Xiong Guoping
Published: June 2023

The poor reversibility of Zn metal anodes arising from water‐induced parasitic reactions poses a significant challenge to the practical applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a novel quasi‐solid‐state “water‐in‐swelling‐clay” electrolyte (WiSCE) containing zinc sulfate and swelling clay, bentonite (BT), is designed to enable highly reversible Zn metal anodes. AZIB full cells based on the WiSCE exhibit excellent cyclic stability at various current densities, long shelf life, low self‐discharge rate, and outstanding high‐temperature adaptability. Particularly, the capacity of WiSCE‐based AZIB full cells retains 90.47% after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, 96.64% after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1, and 88.29% after 5000 cycles at 3 A g−1. Detailed density functional theory calculations show that strong hydrogen bonds are formed between BT and water molecules in the WiSCE. Thus, water molecules are strongly confined by BT, particularly within the interlayers, which significantly inhibits water‐induced parasitic reactions and greatly improves cyclic stability. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art “water‐in‐salt” electrolytes, the WiSCE can provide a significantly higher capacity at the full‐cell level with a substantially reduced cost, which is promising for the design of next‐generation high‐performance AZIBs. This work provides a new direction for developing cost‐competitive AZIBs as alternatives to grid‐scale energy storage.
“I’d rather see action”: Application and recruitment experiences of underrepresented in emergency medicine trainees
Authors: Suh Michelle , Callaghan Lauren T. , Brickhouse Elise , Ponce Haley , Tichter Aleksandr , Pillow M. Tyson , Chary Anita
Published: June 2023

Objectives

The emergency medicine (EM) physician workforce is largely composed of white men. Despite recruitment efforts over the past decade, there has not been a significant increase of trainees with underrepresented racial and ethnic identities in EM (URM). Prior studies have focused on institutional strategies to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in EM residency recruitment but have been limited in describing URM trainees’ perspectives. We sought to assess URM trainees’ perspectives on DEI in the EM residency application and selection process.

Methods

This study was conducted at an urban academic medical center in the United States from November 2021 to March 2022. Junior residents were invited to participate in individual semistructured interviews. We used a combined deductive–inductive approach to categorize responses in predetermined areas of interest then elicit dominant themes within each category through consensus discussions. Thematic saturation was reached after eight interviews, indicating adequate sample size.

Results

Ten residents participated in semistructured interviews. All identified as racial or ethnic minorities. Three dominant themes emerged relating to authenticity, representation, and being treated as a learner first. Participants assessed the authenticity of a program's DEI efforts by evaluating the time frame and scope of DEI efforts. Participants reported a desire for representation of other URM colleagues in a residency program and training environment. While participants wanted their lived experience as URM trainees acknowledged, they were wary of being viewed solely through the lens of future DEI leaders rather than as learners first.

Conclusions

URM residents value multifaceted commitment to DEI efforts, representation, and being seen as learners first when assessing residency programs. Programs seeking to recruit URM residents should develop a department‐wide, multipronged, comprehensive DEI plan and showcase how their program will contribute to an applicant's professional development.
Mini Nutrition Assessment‐Short Form score is associated with sarcopenia even among nourished people – A result of a feasibility study of a registry
Authors: Shadmand Foumani Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Shahraki Jazinaki Mostafa , Rashidipour Mina , Rezvani Reza , Pezeshki Parnian , Ghayour Mobarhan Majid , Hosseini Zohre
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aims to identify a new barrier to the use of the Mini‐Nutrition Assessment Short‐Form (MNA‐SF), which is a malnutrition assessment tool for the risk assessment of sarcopenia in a nourished population.

Methods

The MNA‐SF was completed, and individuals with a score of > 11 were considered nourished in this cross‐sectional feasibility study of a registry. Sarcopenia was assessed in 766 healthy, nourished adults (33.4% men, 64.9 ± 7.1 years) based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2).

Results

The MNA‐SF scores for non‐sarcopenia, pre‐, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia were 13.59 ± 0.69, 13.73 ± 0.60, 12.64 ± 0.74, and 12.5 ± 0.71, respectively. The higher MNA‐SF score association with pre‐sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.86, P = 0.02], confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.49, P < 0.001), and severe sarcopenia (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09–0.46, P < 0.001) was as significant as in the MNA‐SF categories. Individuals with a score = 13 (compared with 14), had a higher risk of confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 10.07, 95% CI: 1.92–52.71, P = 006) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 12.09, 95% CI: 1.24–117.50, P = 0.032). Individuals with a score of 12 had a higher risk of confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 30.94, 95% CI: 4.25–103.02, P < 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 35.90, 95% CI: 4.25–303.07, P = 0.001) compared with subjects with a score of 14. The models also showed that MNA‐SF < 13 could predict sarcopenia.

Conclusion

There was a significant association between MNA‐SF and confirmed and severe sarcopenia in nourished people. Sarcopenia assessment in people with MNA‐SF < 13 can be beneficial. Developing a tool to identify the risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia at the same time based on MNA‐SF can be considered.
The comprehensive review of gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) from diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Iwatsuki Masaaki , Matsumoto Chihiro , Mimori Koshi , Baba Hideo
Published: June 2023

Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) was first proposed by Wothley et al. in 2012 as a rare familial gastric cancer syndrome associated with an autosomal dominant form of inheritance. GAPPS is characterized by gastric basal gland polyposis from the hilum to the body of the stomach. Li et al. in 2016 showed that the cause of the disease is a point mutation in the promotor 1B region of the APC gene, and genetic testing was used to confirm the diagnosis. If the patient has already developed gastric cancer, treatment should be based on the usual treatment for gastric cancer. If no distant metastases exist, a good prognosis can be expected by performing a total gastrectomy. On the other hand, patients with distant metastasis have a poor prognosis. In the case of dysplasia, prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended, but because it is highly invasive and postoperative postgastrectomy syndrome must be considered, the decision should be made with careful consideration of the patient's background. Therefore, there are no guidelines for screening for GAPPS, the timing of prophylactic total gastrectomy, or methods of endoscopic surveillance. Because GAPPS is a rare disease, its natural history is still unclear. Further case series are needed to elucidate the molecular biology and clinicopathological features of GAPPS and to establish clinical management, including diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of GAPPS, its clinical management, and its problems, which will be useful for the treatment of GAPPS.
MULT: A new BMI reference to assess nutritional status of multi‐ethnic children and adolescents
Authors: de Oliveira Mariane Helen , Araújo Joana , Severo Milton , Rodrigues Kévin Allan Sales , Conde Wolney Lisboa
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To develop a new Body Mass Index (BMI) reference (MULT) based on longitudinal data of multi‐ethnic populations and to compare it to international BMI references.

Methods

The MULT BMI reference was constructed through the LMS method and the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), with 81 310 observations of 17 505 subjects aged 0–22 years old, from the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, Peru, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Portugal. Outlier values were removed based on weight z‐scores (population level) and based on BMI z‐scores using the linear mixed effects model (individual level). The MULT M, S and L curves were compared to the ones of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Dutch Growth Study (DUTCH). The MULT BMI percentile cutoffs for overweight and obesity were calculated using the adult BMI values of 25 and 30 kg/m2 at 17, 18, 19, and 20 years old.

Results

MULT presented the lowest mean BMI values for the ages 102–240 months for boys and 114–220 months for girls. MULT S values were similar to the WHO and IOTF for children under 60 months of age and the highest during puberty, while the L curve showed to be more symmetric than the other BMI references.

Conclusion

The MULT BMI reference was constructed based on recent data of populations from 10 countries, being a good option to assess the nutritional status of multi‐ethnic populations.
Rare variants found in multiplex families with orofacial clefts: Does expanding the phenotype make a difference?
Authors: Diaz Perez Kimberly K. , Chung Sydney , Head S. Taylor , Epstein Michael P. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Wehby George L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. , Leslie Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2023

Exome sequencing (ES) is now a relatively straightforward process to identify causal variants in Mendelian disorders. However, the same is not true for ES in families where the inheritance patterns are less clear, and a complex etiology is suspected. Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are highly heritable birth defects with both Mendelian and complex etiologies. The phenotypic spectrum of OFCs may include overt clefts and several subclinical phenotypes, such as discontinuities in the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) in the upper lip, velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), microform clefts or bifid uvulas. We hypothesize that expanding the OFC phenotype to include these phenotypes can clarify inheritance patterns in multiplex families, making them appear more Mendelian. We performed exome sequencing to find rare, likely causal genetic variants in 31 multiplex OFC families, which included families with multiple individuals with OFCs and individuals with subclinical phenotypes. We identified likely causal variants in COL11A2, IRF6, SHROOM3, SMC3, TBX3, and TP63 in six families. Although we did not find clear evidence supporting the subclinical phenotype hypothesis, our findings support a role for rare variants in the etiology of OFCs.
Is the association between cognitive disease progression and atrial fibrillation modified by sex?
Authors: Wood Kathryn A. , Han Feier , Ko Yi‐An , Wharton Whitney W.
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

It is unclear if sex differences exist in cognitive disease progression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia associated with atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODS

Using a variety of statistical methods, we examined sex differences between AF and neuropsychological tests and cognitive disease progression, using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data (N = 43,630).

RESULTS

AF is associated with higher odds of dementia (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.22, 7.37] in women and MCI in women (OR 3.43, 95% CI [1.55, 7.55]) versus men. Women with AF and normal baseline cognition had a higher risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% CI [1.06, 1.50]) from normal to MCI and from MCI to vascular dementia (HR3.27, 95% CI [1.89, 5.65]) than men with AF or men and women without AF.

DISCUSSION

AF was associated with more rapid progression to MCI and dementia in women, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
NPTX2 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Predicts the Progression From Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Soldan Anja , Oh Sungtaek , Ryu Taekyung , Pettigrew Corinne , Zhu Yuxin , Moghekar Abhay , Xiao Mei‐Fang , Pontone Gregory M. , Albert Marilyn , Na Chan‐Hyun , Worley Paul
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) baseline levels of the synaptic protein NPTX2 predict time to onset of symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both alone and when accounting for traditional CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels. Longitudinal NPTX2 levels were also examined.

Methods

CSF was collected longitudinally from 269 cognitively normal BIOCARD Study participants (mean baseline age = 57.7 years; mean follow‐up = 16.3 years; n = 77 progressed to MCI/dementia). NPTX2 levels were measured from 3 correlated peptides using quantitative parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Levels of Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau181, and t‐tau were measured from the same CSF specimens using Lumipulse automated electrochemiluminescence assays.

Results

In Cox regression models, lower baseline NPTX2 levels were associated with an earlier time to MCI symptom onset (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76, SE = 0.09, p = 0.023). This association was significant for progression within 7 years (p = 0.036) and after 7 years from baseline (p = 0.001). Baseline NPTX2 levels improved prediction of time to MCI symptom onset after accounting for baseline AD biomarker levels (p < 0.01), and NPTX2 did not interact with the CSF AD biomarkers or APOE‐ε4 genetic status. In linear mixed effects models, higher baseline p‐tau181 and t‐tau levels were associated with higher baseline levels of NPTX2 (both p < 0.001) and greater rates of NPTX2 declines over time.

Interpretation

NPTX2 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker during preclinical AD that provides additive and independent prediction of MCI onset among individuals who are cognitively normal. We hypothesize that NPTX2‐mediated circuit homeostasis confers resilience during the early phase of AD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:620–631
Adaptive tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with input delay using multidimensional Taylor network
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Yi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an adaptive tracking control strategy based on multidimensional Taylor network (MTN) is designed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with input delay, in which MTN is mainly introduced to approximate uncertain nonlinear functions. Moreover, the effect of input delay is compensated by exploiting an appropriate auxiliary system with the same order as the considered system. By utilizing the backstepping technique and classical adaptive approach, an MTN‐based adaptive tracking control method is proposed, which guarantees that all the signals in the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability. Furthermore, unlike most existing approaches, the tracking error can be bounded by an explicit expression of design parameters in the mean quartic sense. Finally, two examples are given to verify the validity of the presented scheme.
Finite‐time optimal tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Qin Yi , Wang Lijie , Liu Yang , Cao Liang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a finite‐time optimal tracking control scheme based on integral reinforcement learning is developed for partially unknown nonlinear systems. In order to realize the prescribed performance, the original system is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained system so as to a composite system is constructed. Subsequently, a modified nonlinear quadratic performance function containing the auxiliary tracking error is designed. Furthermore, the technique of experience replay is used to update the critic neural network, which eliminates the persistent of excitation condition in traditional optimal methods. By combining the prescribed performance control with the finite‐time optimization control technique, the tracking error is driven to a desired performance in finite time. Consequently, it has been shown that all signals in the partially unknown nonlinear system are semiglobally practical finite‐time stable by stability analysis. Finally, the provided comparative simulation results verify the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions
Authors: Brewer Neil , Georgopoulos Marie Antonia , Lucas Carmen A. , Young Robyn L.
Published: June 2023

Although the ability of autistic adults to recognize others' emotions has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to how they respond to these emotions. We examined two aspects of autistic and non‐autistic adults' responsiveness to the emotional expressions of non‐autistic actors: their perspectives on the appropriate way of responding to others' emotions and their awareness of others' perceptions of the likely appropriateness of such responses. Autistic (N = 63) and non‐autistic (N = 67) adult samples viewed videos of 74 dyadic social interactions displaying different examples of 12 emotions expressed by one actor in response to the behavior of the other. After each video, participants (a) nominated the emotion expressed by the first actor, (b) offered their perspective on what would constitute an appropriate empathic response by the second actor, and (c) indicated their confidence in that response. Although the autistic group provided fewer appropriate empathic responses—operationalized via a panel's interpretations of normative responses—than the non‐autistic group, within‐group variability was marked, and the effect was weak and largely confined to basic emotions. Autistic individuals were, however, considerably less confident in their responses. Examination of the relationships between confidence in and the appropriateness of empathic responses provided no indication in either group of reliable discrimination of appropriate from inappropriate empathic responses or finely tuned metacognitive awareness of variations in appropriateness. In sum, autistic adults' perspectives on the appropriate empathic reactions to non‐autistic adults' emotions were not unilaterally or markedly different to those of non‐autistic adults.
Surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Thulium enucleation versus single‐port transvesical robotic simple prostatectomy
Authors: Talamini Susan , Lai Andrew , Palmer Cassandra , van de Walle Gabriel , Zuberek Marcin , Crivellaro Simone
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of this work is to compare our outcomes using thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP) to the single‐port robot‐assisted simple prostatectomy (SP RASP) in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2017 through December 2021 of men who underwent SP RASP and ThuLEP performed by a single surgeon with an enucleation experience of >300 cases and extensive robotic experience. The primary outcome was changed in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were operative time, length of stay (LOS), change in post‐void residuals (PVR), de novo stress‐ or urge‐urinary incontinence (SUI, UUI), and rate of complications.

Results

One hundred two patients underwent surgery during the study period: 33 RASP and 69 ThuLEP. There was no difference in preoperative characteristics, including age and body mass index, between both groups. Changes in IPSS scores postoperatively were not significant between SP RASP versus ThuLEP (−17 vs. −14, p = 0.2956). SP RASP had a longer operative time (180 vs. 90 min, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in LOS (0 vs. 0 days, p = 0.2904). There was no difference in change in PVR (−96 vs. −91 mL, p = 0.8504). SP RASP patients had significantly less postoperative SUI than ThuLEP (0 vs. 13 patients, p = 0.0083), while there was no difference in UUI between both groups (4 vs. 2 patients, p = 0.0843). There was no difference in 30‐day complication rate (21.2% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.9517), although there were three ThuLEP patients with Clavien–Dindo Class III or higher complication.

Conclusions

There was no difference in change in IPSS scores between the two groups. ThuLEP is associated with shorter postoperative catheter days and decreased operative times. Hospital LOS was equivalent. SP RASP demonstrates significantly improved continence rates. Though SP RASP is within the initial learning curve at our institution, early results demonstrate the role for this modality alongside ThuLEP in the treatment of large gland BPH.
Ecotype formation and prophage domestication during gut bacterial evolution
Authors: Frazão Nelson , Gordo Isabel
Published: June 2023

How much bacterial evolution occurs in our intestines and which factors control it are currently burning questions. The formation of new ecotypes, some of which capable of coexisting for long periods of time, is highly likely in our guts. Horizontal gene transfer driven by temperate phages that can perform lysogeny is also widespread in mammalian intestines. Yet, the roles of mutation and especially lysogeny as key drivers of gut bacterial adaptation remain poorly understood. The mammalian gut contains hundreds of bacterial species, each with many strains and ecotypes, whose abundance varies along the lifetime of a host. A continuous high input of mutations and horizontal gene transfer events mediated by temperate phages drives that diversity. Future experiments to study the interaction between mutations that cause adaptation in microbiomes and lysogenic events with different costs and benefits will be key to understand the dynamic microbiomes of mammals. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/Zjqsiyb5Pk0
Surfactants reduce aggregation of monoclonal antibodies in cell culture medium with improvement in performance of mammalian cell culture
Authors: Desai Ranjeet , Jain Ratnesh , Dandekar Prajakta
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are biologics produced using mammalian cells and represent an important class of biotherapeutics. Aggregation in mAbs is a major challenge that can be mitigated by rigorous and reproducible upstream and downstream approaches. The impact of frequently used surfactants, like polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, and 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin, on aggregation of mAbs during cell culture was investigated in this study. Their impact on cell proliferation, viability, and mAb titer was also investigated. Polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 at the concentration of 0.01 g/L and poloxamer 188 at the concentration of 5 g/L were found to be effective in reducing aggregate formation in cell culture medium, without affecting the cell growth or viability. Furthermore, their presence in culture media resulted in increased cell proliferation as compared to the control group. Addition of these surfactants at the specified concentrations increased monomer production while decreasing high molecular weight species in the medium. After mAbs were separated, using protein “A” chromatography, flasks with surfactant exhibited improved antibody stability, when analyzed by DLS. Thus, while producing aggregation‐prone mAbs via mammalian cell culture, these excipients may be employed as cell culture medium supplements to enhance the quality and yield of functional mAbs.
Assessing patterns in cancer screening use by race and ethnicity during the coronavirus pandemic using electronic health record data
Authors: Blavin Fredric E. , Smith Laura Barrie , Dubay Lisa , Basurto Luis
Published: June 2023

Background

Efforts to prevent the spread of the coronavirus led to dramatic reductions in nonemergency medical care services during the first several months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Delayed or missed screenings can lead to more advanced stage cancer diagnoses with potentially worse health outcomes and exacerbate preexisting racial and ethnic disparities. The objective of this analysis was to examine how the pandemic affected rates of breast and colorectal cancer screenings by race and ethnicity.

Methods

We analyzed panels of providers that placed orders in 2019–2020 for mammogram and colonoscopy cancer screenings using electronic health record (EHR) data. We used a difference‐in‐differences design to examine the extent to which changes in provider‐level mammogram and colonoscopy orders declined over the first year of the pandemic and whether these changes differed across race and ethnicity groups.

Results

We found considerable declines in both types of screenings from March through May 2020, relative to the same months in 2019, for all racial and ethnic groups. Some rebound in screenings occurred in June through December 2020, particularly among White and Black patients; however, use among other groups was still lower than expected.

Conclusions

This research suggests that many patients experienced missed or delayed screenings during the first few months of the pandemic, which could lead to detrimental health outcomes. Our findings also underscore the importance of having high‐quality data on race and ethnicity to document and understand racial and ethnic disparities in access to care.
Prepare for potential impact of NCAA President's viewpoints on NIL
Authors: Stein Callan , Brolley Christopher
Published: June 2023

Shortly after Charlie Baker took the helm in March as the sixth President of the NCAA, he embarked on a public relations tour, talking all things NCAA and name, image, and likeness. Taking a closer look at his public comments can help shed light on Baker, a relative newcomer to the world of intercollegiate athletics, and help college athletics administrators prepare for how his viewpoints may impact the NCAA's NIL policies and directives.
Find out what a 23‐year‐old quarterback can teach us about leadership philosophy
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: June 2023

During the National Football League's play‐off games earlier this year, a 23‐year‐old quarterback led the Jacksonville Jaguars to a 31‐30 victory over the Los Angeles Chargers. The team was down 27‐0 in the second quarter. The 27‐point comeback was the third biggest in NFL postseason history.
CIAA honors trailblazers of the game
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: June 2023

From the time she became Commissioner of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the oldest athletics conference composed of historically Black institutions, Jacqie McWilliams wanted to recognize the importance of women who’ve made an impact. The CIAA honored its Title IX Trailblazers, 50 individuals who stood out as advocates for women in sports, at the 2023 CIAA Men's and Women's Basketball Tournament in Baltimore.
Neuromarketing in predicting voting behavior: A case of National elections in India
Authors: Gupta Raveena , Verma Harsh , Kapoor Anuj Pal
Published: June 2023

Political choice has huge importance, either expressed in the balloting place or in the exit poll, in bringing a political party to power and thus impacting the economy and society's welfare. Research in leadership and decision‐making suggests that the physical characteristics and traits of an individual influence the consumer's trustworthiness. Despite being a less explored research area, studying the impact of specific verbal and non‐verbal cues of a political leader through a technological lens, such as eye‐tracking has been sparsely talked about. Three sets of experiments were conducted to study voters' visual attention and reactions to gage their willingness to vote. First, an eye‐tracking tool was used to record the visual attention and regions of interest (ROI) of voters. Subsequently, a short survey was used to analyze the “willingness to vote”, followed by a pilot study on their attention to non‐verbal cues from the candidate. Also, a sentiment analysis of the voters was gathered from social media platforms. The present study analyzed the non‐verbal aspects of a political leader with regard to voting intention and found that even a few of the non‐verbal cues have an influence on the willingness to vote for a candidate. The findings contribute to the literature of neuro‐politics and decision‐making by analyzing voters' experiences of two political leaders, Narendra Modi (NaMo) and Rahul Gandhi (RaGa) based on non‐verbal cues. Political parties and candidates should focus on non‐verbal cues to increase their chances of winning elections. In addition, practitioners from the industry should incorporate appropriate non‐verbal cues while designing ad campaigns, personal branding, PR campaigns, and CEO addresses.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Studies of Mannich Bases Oxadiazole Derivatives as New Class of Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Mutahir Sadaf , Khan Muhammad Asim , Almehizia Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Abouzied Amr Salah , Khalifa Nasrin Eldirdiri , Naglah Ahmed Mohamed , Deng Haishan , Refat Moamen Salaheldeen , Khojali Weam Mohamed Ali , Huwaimel Bader
Published: June 2023

Mannich bases consisting of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione (3 a–3 l) bearing various substituents were synthesized and found potent jack bean urease inhibitors. The prepared compounds showed significantly good inhibitory activities with IC50 values from 9.45±0.05 to 267.42±0.23 μM. The compound 3 k containing 4‐chlorophenyl (−R) and 4‐hydroxyphenyl (−R′) was most active with IC50 9.45±0.05 μM followed by 3 e (IC50 22.52±0.15 μM) in which −R was phenyl and −R′ was isopropyl group. However, when both −R and −R′ were either 4‐chlorophenyl groups (3 l) or only −R′ was 4‐nitrophenyl (3 i), both compounds were found inactive. The detailed binding affinities of the produced compounds with protein were explored through molecular docking and data‐supported in‐vitro enzyme inhibition profiles. Drug likeness was confirmed by in silico ADME investigations and molecular orbital analysis (HOMO‐LUMO) and electrostatic potential maps were got from DFT calculations. ESP maps exposed that there are two potential binding sites with the most positive and most negative parts.
Discovery of HyT‐Based Degraders of CDK9‐Cyclin T1 Complex
Authors: Lin Rongkun , Yang Jie , Liu Ting , Wang Mingyu , Ke Chongrong , Luo Cheng , Lin Jin , Li Jiacheng , Lin Hua
Published: June 2023

Direct modulation of the non‐kinase functions of cyclin and CDK‐cyclin complexes poses challenges. We utilize hydrophobic tag (HyT) based small‐molecule degraders induced degradation of cyclin T1 and its corresponding kinase partner CDK9. LL‐CDK9‐12 demonstrated the most potent and selective degradation ability, with DC50 values of 0.362 μM against CDK9 and 0.680 μM against cyclin T1. In prostate cancer cells, LL‐CDK9‐12 showed enhanced anti‐proliferative activity than its parental molecule SNS032 and LL‐K9‐3, the previous reported CDK9‐cyclin T1 degrader. Moreover, LL‐CDK9‐12 suppressed the downstream signaling of CDK9 and AR efficiently. Altogether, LL‐CDK9‐12 was an effective dual degrader of CDK9‐cyclin T1 and helped study the unknown function of CDK9‐cyclin T1. These results suggest that HyT‐based degraders could be used as a strategy to induce the degradation of protein complexes, providing insights for the design of protein complexes′ degraders.
Diversity of Halogenated Secondary Metabolites in Okinawan Aplysia argus Including 12‐Hydroxypinnaterpene C and Their Feeding Targets
Authors: Nagasaka Misaki , Isa Hayato , Tahara Arisu , Fukada Ryosuke , Kamada Takashi , Ishii Takahiro
Published: June 2023

A new irieane‐type diterpene, 12‐hydroxypinnaterpene C (1), and 21 known compounds, angasiol acetate (2), angasiol (3), 11‐deacetylpinnaterpene C (4), palisadin A (5), 12‐acetoxypalisadin B (6), 12‐hydroxypalisadin B (7), aplysistatin (8), luzodiol (9), 5‐acetoxy‐2‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐chamigra‐7(14),9‐dien‐8‐one (10), neoirietriol (11), neoirietetraol (12), (3Z)‐laurenyne (13), cupalaurenol (14), cupalaurenol acetate (15), (3Z)‐venustinene (16), 10‐hydroxykahukuene B (17), aplysiol B (18), (3Z)‐13‐epipinnatifidenyne (19), 3Z,6R,7R,12S,13S‐obtusenyne (20), (3Z,9Z)‐7‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐12‐oxo‐pentadeca‐3,9‐dien‐1‐yne (21), and cholest‐7‐en‐3,5,7‐triol (22) were isolated from the digestive diverticula of Aplysia argus from the Ikei Island in Okinawa, Japan. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods such as NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. These compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Compounds 11 and 21 exhibited antibacterial activity at 30 μg/disc. In this study, we also discuss the types of red algae that A. argus feeds on in the shallow waters of Okinawa Prefecture.
Giant parathyroid adenoma presenting with multiple pathologic fractures: A case report
Authors: Abshirini Hassan , Heidari Mahsa , Fahimi Ali , Ghorbani Parastoo , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Shafiei Sasan
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, which must be suspected in patients presenting with fatigue, history of pathologic fracture and the diagnosis can be confirmed by elevated calcium and PTH levels, and the preferred treatment option.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a common endocrine condition, with elevated parathormone production causes increased blood calcium levels. Parathyroid adenomas cause the majority of PHPT cases. Significant hypercalcemia can result from giant parathyroid adenomas. A calcium crisis may not always arise in these individuals, despite enormous parathyroid adenomas and high parathyroid hormone levels, and the masses may first be mistaken for a thyroid mass. In this article, we discuss the case of a 57‐year‐old Iranian man who suffered from PHPT due to a massive parathyroid adenoma and had a history of extreme fatigue and several traumatic fractures. As specialists, we should have a strong clinical suspicion of giant parathyroid adenoma as reason of hyperparathyroidism. In patients with multiple bone problems such as pain and multiple pathological fractures and elevated levels of calcium and PTH, the diagnosis of GPA must be considered and their preferred treatment is surgery.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis as primary presentation in an adolescent with primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Badhe Padma Vikram , Patil Sanika , Vikram Reddy G. , Sheshadri Harini , Jain Sanjay , Nikumbh Tejas
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma causes primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as hypercalcemia. When children with hypercalcemia present with slipped capital femoral epiphysis, a detailed evaluation for hypercalcemia must be done before surgery.

The association between slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and hyperparathyroidism has been reported and is rare. Each is known to affect different age groups. We report a case of a 13‐year‐old boy with SCFE and primary HPT leading to hypercalcemia and skeletal deformities.
Neurosarcoidosis in an adult man with a family history of MS: A case report
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Mohammadzamani Mahtab , Bagherieh Sara , Ghaffary Elham Moases , Azimi Elham Sadat , Shaygannejad Aysa , Shaygannejad Vahid
Published: June 2023

Key clinical message

According to this report, a biopsy revealed a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis in a patient with a history of MS. The development of the disease can be slowed down by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Neurosarcoidosis is a rare type of sarcoidosis that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we present a case of neurosarcoidosis with a history of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the pathological findings of the biopsy, a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was established. The administration of appropriate treatment at an early stage can assist in decelerating its progression.
A rare presentation of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis managed with immunotherapy and review of the literature
Authors: Mishra Kritika , Siddiquee Shihab , Mislang Anna Rachelle
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

We describe the first case in literature of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis that has shown partial response to systemic immunotherapy (ipilimumab‐nivolumab) post orchiectomy, warranting further investigation in a trial setting.

We present a case report of an 80‐year‐old ex‐smoker with a rare diagnosis of metastatic mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis, managed with immunotherapy. The patient, with no known history of asbestos exposure, presented with a left scrotal mass and pain. Scrotal ultrasound confirmed a large paratesticular mass, and computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed a bilobed mass in the left scrotal compartment without associated inguinal or abdominopelvic lymphadenopathy, and an indeterminate, subcentimeter, bi‐basal subpleural nodules. He underwent a left orchiectomy, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a paratesticular mesothelioma. Postoperatively, the patient had a positron emission tomography (PET) scan showing a new right pleural effusion as well as increasing size of the lobar and pleural nodules bilaterally, all metabolically active and suggestive of progressive metastatic disease. The patient was commenced on ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy, a regimen indicated for malignant pleural mesothelioma; however, the efficacy on paratesticular mesothelioma is not known. After 6 months of treatment, the patient demonstrated a partial response to immunotherapy, with a reduction in the size of known pleural nodules and effusion.

Literature review suggests that diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and patients commonly have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Orchiectomy is a common management modality. However, the role, regimen, and benefits of systemic therapy are unclear, warranting further studies investigating management strategies.
Enhanced Brønsted Acidity and Hydrogenating Sites Generated on MoO3 during Acetone Hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Báfero Gabriel B. , Strapasson Guilherme B. , Leite Davi S. , Zanchet Daniela
Published: June 2023

Metal oxides have attracted attention as catalysts for various reduction and oxidation reactions due to their abundance, inexpensiveness, and the possibility of combining different catalytic sites (e. g., acid‐base, redox, and oxygen vacancy sites). Previous results have demonstrated that metal oxides are promising candidates for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction, one of the processes that aim to upgrade biomass‐derived products by reducing their oxygen content. In this work, molybdenum oxide (MoO3) was subjected to the acetone HDO reaction leading to new insights concerning the generation of molybdenum oxycarbides (MoOxCy) on stream and their catalytic properties. The characteristics of the MoOxCy phase depended on the temperature and time on stream, affecting the balance of the different catalytic sites and the final products’ distribution. The intrinsic correlation between the active sites – mainly Brønsted/Lewis acid sites (AS) and hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis sites (HS) – and the reaction pathways was discussed in detail.
Mechanism of RBBP8‐mediated homologous recombination repair in gastric cancer synthetic lethal
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Shuxia , Yin Yanhua , Wang Guangsheng
Published: June 2023

Background

It is of great clinical significance to further explore new strategies and potential combined therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the synthetic lethal effect of RBBP8 molecular intervention combined with a poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in non‐BRCA mutant gastric cancer and clarify the mechanism by which RBBP8 regulates homologous recombination repair.

Methods

The role of RBBP8 in DNA damage repair was observed using bioinformatic analysis, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. The synthetic lethal effect was verified using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS)and flow cytometry apoptosis experiments.

Results

Among the patients with gastric cancer treated with chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with high RBBP8 expression levels was worse (homologous recombination [HR] = 1.54, p = 0.028). RBBP8 knockdown induced DNA damage and had a synergistic effect with PARP inhibitor treatment on cell viability inhibition and cell apoptosis in AGS (generic code for human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) (t = 11.154, p < 0.001) and N87 (t = 6.362, p < 0.001) cells. RBBP8 knockdown inhibited RAD51 activation and DNA terminal excision in homologous recombination repair.

Conclusion

RBBP8 is involved in homologous recombination repair, and molecular intervention into RBBP8 could achieve a synthetic lethal effect with PARP inhibitor treatment in gastric cancer cells.
Expanding the Substrate Scope of Acyltransferase LovD9 for the Biosynthesis of Statin Analogues
Authors: García‐Marquina Guillermo , Núñez‐Franco Reyes , Grajales‐Hernández Daniel , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: June 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Gonzalo Jiménez‐Osés and Fernando López‐Gallego at CIC bioGUNE and CIC biomaGUNE, respectively. The image depicts the substrate scope of an engineered acyl transferases for the synthesis of statin derivatives. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300911.
The impact of institutional interactions on cluster response to innovation: The case of Montreal and neural machine translation
Authors: Girard Meaghan J. , Turkina Ekaterina
Published: June 2023

Despite the importance of institutions in the cluster literature, scholarship has struggled with its conceptualization of institutions, resulting in an incomplete portrait of diverse phenomena. In response, we crystallize a hybrid stream of institutionalism that has emerged in the economic geography literature and propose the construct of institutional interactions to provide structural and relational insight into cluster‐wide resistance to innovation. By pairing network analysis with a genealogical study of the Montreal translation cluster, we isolate the impact of institutional interactions and find preliminary support for the redundancies created by institutional brokers and institutional network characteristics. We demonstrate how to use the construct of institutional interactions to diagnose constraints to innovation in an institutional environment.
Propagating input uncertainties into parameter uncertainties and model prediction uncertainties—A review
Authors: Abdi Kaveh , Celse Benoit , McAuley Kim
Published: June 2023

A review of uncertainty quantification techniques is provided for a variety of situations involving uncertainties in model inputs (independent variables). The situations of interest are divided into three categories: (i) when model prediction uncertainties are quantified based on uncertainties in uncertain inputs, (ii) when parameter estimate uncertainties are calculated by propagation of uncertainties from measured inputs and outputs, and (iii) when model prediction uncertainties are quantified based on corresponding uncertainties in measured inputs and uncertain parameter estimates. For all three situations, linearization‐based and Monte Carlo‐based techniques are reviewed and details for their corresponding algorithms are presented. Recommendations are provided on which uncertainty quantification techniques are best for different types of chemical engineering models based on the amount of input uncertainty and nonlinearity over the range of plausible input and parameter values.
Monitoring Molecular Dynamics withSingle‐MoleculeElectronic Devices and Fluorescence Techniques†
Authors: Yang Lan , Zhang Zhizhuo , Zhao Cong , Huo Yani , Zhang Enyu , He Suhang , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Monitoring the dynamics of a single molecule provides unique insights into the fundamental physical and chemical properties of individual molecules. Over the past few decades, various approaches have been developed to enable the real‐time and high‐resolution detection at the single‐molecule level. Among them, electrical and optical methods are the most promising tools, for the reason that electrical detection offers high resolution while optical technology provides non‐invasive, targeted measurement with the added benefit of visualization. In this review, we summarized the current state‐of‐the‐art electrical and optical techniques for single‐molecule measurement and discussed their applications in detecting dynamic events such as conformational isomerizations, intermolecular interactions, chemical reactions, and biomolecular activities. In addition, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in this area and proposed possible directions for future development.
Rongalite as a Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis†
Authors: Wang Huai‐Yu , Chen Xiang‐Long , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

This review provides a comprehensive summary of progress to date in the utilization of rongalite as a versatile reagent in organic synthesis, with a focus on recent researches. The contents have been organized according to the functions exhibited by rongalite. Reaction mechanisms are provided, demonstrating the multifaceted roles of this compound in various transformations, including as a sulfone, C1 or masked proton source and as a single electron donor or reducing agent.
PROTOCOL: Value chain interventions for improving women's economic empowerment: A mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: Malhotra Suchi Kapoor , Saran Ashrita , Singh Sabina , Mantri Swati , Gupta Neha , Bhandari Ratika , White Howard , Puskur Ranjitha , Young Sarah , Waddington Hugh , Masset Edoardo
Published: June 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to understand as well as evaluate what approaches, strategies or interventions focused on women's engagement in agricultural value chains and markets that have led to women's economic empowerment in low‐and‐middle‐income countries. The secondary objective of this review is to examine in which contexts are these approaches effective (or ineffective)? What are the contextual barriers and facilitators, determining the participation of women in, and benefits from, engagement in the value chain in low‐and middle‐income countries programme effectiveness. Finally, this review aims to refine the theory of change that describes how value chain interventions lead to women's economic empowerment using evidence drawn from both rigorous quantitative impact evaluation studies and qualitative studies.