bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a novel, reactive, yellow fluorescent organosilicon dye and its polysiloxanes
Authors: Ning Bo , Cao Jun-Wen , Zhou Xiao-Teng , Qin He , Li Ling-Xiao , Kan Cheng-You
Published: August 2019

A novel, reactive, yellow fluorescent organosilicon dye, N-propyl-(diethoxy)methyl-silane-4-dimethylamino-naphthalimide, is designed and synthesized and is used to fabricate a covalently yellow fluorescent silicone oil by polycondensation of hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. The chemical structure and optical properties of the N-propyl-(diethoxy)methyl-silane-4-dimethylamino-naphthalimide and covalently yellow fluorescent silicone oil are characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, UV–Vis, and fluorescence spectra. The results indicate that the fluorescence quantum yields of N-propyl-(diethoxy)methyl-silane-4-dimethylamino-naphthalimide and covalently yellow fluorescent silicone oil are 2.61% and 3.5%, respectively. The λmax values of their dichloromethane solutions are 416 nm, and their λex and λem are 430 and 509 nm, respectively. Furthermore, covalently yellow fluorescent silicone rubbers are prepared using tetraethoxysilane as a cross-linker, and some of their properties are investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis show that heat resistance and tan δ of the covalently yellow fluorescent silicone rubber are improved in comparison with silicone rubbers without N-propyl-(diethoxy)methyl-silane-4-dimethylamino-naphthalimide moieties. Solvent extraction experiments indicate that the solvent resistance of the covalently yellow fluorescent silicone rubber is much better than that of noncovalently yellow fluorescent silicone rubber.
Medication persistence rates and predictive factors for discontinuation of antifibrotic agents in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a real-world observational study
Authors: Oishi Keiji , Hirano Tsunahiko , Murata Yoriyuki , Hamada Kazuki , Uehara Sho , Suetake Ryo , Yamaji Yoshikazu , Asami-Noyama Maki , Edakuni Nobutaka , Ohata Syuichiro , Utsunomiya Toshiaki , Sakamoto Kenji , Onoda Hideko , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Matsunaga Kazuto , Yano Masafumi
Published: September 2019

Background:

In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), continuing treatment with antifibrotic agents is crucial to decrease the reduction of forced vital capacity and mortality rate. However, predictive factors for the discontinuation of antifibrotic agents are unknown. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and predictive factors for the discontinuation of antifibrotic agents in patients with IPF.

Methods:

This was a double-center retrospective study that enrolled patients with IPF treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib between 2009 and 2017. We compared clinical parameters between the medication-continuing group and the discontinued group. The predictive factors were determined using Cox proportional hazards analyses.

Results:

A total of 66 subjects were included: 43 received pirfenidone and 23 received nintedanib. At 1 year, 23 of 66 patients had discontinued due to adverse events ( n = 12), disease progression ( n = 9), or death ( n = 2). The characteristics of the discontinuation group were poor performance status (PS) and delay from diagnosis to treatment. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis associated with the discontinuation of antifibrotic agents, PS was the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) value (cut-off value, 2; AUC, 0.83; specificity, 63%; sensitivity, 87%). This finding was consistent even when analyzing, except for examples of death and adjusting for the type of antifibrotic agent. The treatment persistence rate by PS was PS 0–1 = 90%, PS 2 = 65%, and PS 3 = 19%. Analysis of the relationship between PS and administration period of antifibrotic agents revealed that delays from diagnosis to treatment led to worsening of dyspnea, a decline in lung function, and deterioration of PS.

Conclusions:

PS may be informative for predicting discontinuation of medication. Our data reinforced the importance of early initiation of antifibrotic treatment, and we suggest PS should be used as a guide for starting antifibrotic agents in everyday practice. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplementary material section.
Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma and cancer: a study in a White population using the harmonized criteria
Authors: Milano Angelo , Bianco Maria Antonia , Buri Luigi , Cipolletta Livio , Grossi Enzo , Rotondano Gianluca , Tessari Francesco , Efthymakis Konstantinos , Neri Matteo
Published: September 2019

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with colorectal adenomas and cancer. However, MetS definitions have changed over time, leading to a heterogeneity of patients included in previous studies and a substantial inextensibility of observations across time or eastern and western populations. Our aim was to evaluate the association of ‘harmonized’ criteria-defined MetS and its individual components with colorectal neoplasia and cancer in a western population.

Methods:

In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, we prospectively evaluated consecutive outpatients who underwent open-access colonoscopy over a 3-month period. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 ‘harmonized’ criteria.

Results:

Out of 5707 patients enrolled, we found 213 cancers (3.7%), 1614 polyps (28.3%), 240 nonpolypoid lesions (4.2%), 95 laterally spreading tumors (1.6%). Polyps presented histological low-grade dysplasia in 72.9% of samples, while in 9.8%, high-grade dysplasia or in situ carcinoma was present; dysplasia rates for nonpolypoid lesions were 66.2% (low-grade) and 2.9% (high-grade/ in situ carcinoma), while for laterally spreading tumors, 29.6% and 37%, respectively. Overall, MetS prevalence was 41.6%. MetS correlated with both adenomas [odds ratio (OR): 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–2.00] and cancer (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.42–2.58). MetS was the only risk factor for such colonic lesions in subjects younger than 50 years. For all colonic neoplasia, we found MetS and not its individual components to be significantly associated.

Conclusions:

MetS is risk factor for cancer and adenoma in Whites, especially when younger than 50 years. MetS patients might be considered as a high-risk population also in colorectal cancer screening programs.
China after Reform: The Ideological, Constitutional, and Organisational Makings of a New Era
Authors: Holbig Heike
Published: September 2019

In late 2017, the Chinese Communist Party proclaimed the “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.” Most observers interpreted this step as just another update of the party's ideological canon to accommodate Xi's ambition to increase his personal power, following in the footsteps of Mao Zedong. This contribution argues that we can achieve a better understanding of the claim about a “new era,” if this claim is analysed diachronically as an ongoing process of constructing “chrono-ideological narratives” that link past and future, as well as synchronically in the larger context of recent constitutional and organisational changes. It finds that the “new era” discourse might, in the longer term, have ramifications not only for China's domestic politics but also for the country's self-image in the international arena too.
A Role of Gallic Acid in Oxidative Damage Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gao Jiayu , Hu Jiangxia , Hu Dongyi , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2019

Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid of plant metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom. It has characteristics of the strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and can protect biological cells, tissues, and organs from damages caused by oxidative stress. This review aims to summarize the protective roles of gallic acid and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms in the pathophysiological process of the oxidative damage diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, degenerative, and metabolic diseases. The studies reviewed herein showed that the main therapeutic effects of gallic acid were attributed to its antioxidant properties. It modulated various signaling pathways through a wide range of inflammatory cytokines, and enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants. However, the available data were limited to few studies assessing the treatment effects of gallic acid in human subjects to confirm its therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the clinical trials were urgently needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of gallic acid treatment on human beings. The scientific data summarized in this review highlighted the therapeutic potentials of gallic acid for oxidative damage diseases. It could be developed as versatile adjuvant or therapeutically lead compound in future.
Teaching Research and Data Use in the Education Doctorate
Authors: Firestone William A. , Perry Jill Alexa , Leland Andrew S. , McKeon Robin T.
Published: August 2019

Schools now face a sea of “evidence”—supposedly validated products, research findings, and test, demographic, and teacher-generated data—that leaders must use. How have recent reforms to educational doctorate (EdD) programs addressed these demands? Case studies of four exemplary EdD programs illustrate how the better ones help graduates learn to use evidence. These programs have well-developed strategies for teaching students to find, assess, and conduct practical research. While they provide opportunities for students to share their work with users, they rarely provide the intellectual tools and frameworks to think about putting different kinds of evidence into practice, even in leadership courses.
Demoralization-led migration in Bangladesh: A sense of insecurity-based decision-making model
Authors: Ullah AKM Ahsan , Huque Ahmed Shafiqul
Published: August 2019

Political hostility, unrest and flawed governance cause insecurity leading to demoralization, which triggers migration. There is a large body of literature on the determinants of international migration that highlights a range of factors to explain the direction and strength of migrant flows. For this research we interviewed 32 respondents who were a control group in a study conducted a decade ago. These respondents were determined not to migrate, but their migration decision was reversed over a period of 10 years. This article explores the relation between a sense of insecurity and the demoralization that influences migration decisions. It further investigates the causes that contributed to this change. As democracy shrinks, authoritarianism expands, implying that there is no accountability. This leads a country to widespread corruption, creating severe social injustices. People in general become demoralized and decide to migrate out. This article adds to the body of work by focusing on whether the migration decision is a response to widespread corruption, prevailing political conditions, violence, conflict, poor governance, an absence of rule of law and freedom or declining of democratic space in Bangladesh.
Predictors of Radiographic Osteoarthritis 2 to 3 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Data From the MOON On-site Nested Cohort
Authors:   MOON Knee Group, Jones Morgan H. , Oak Sameer R. , Andrish Jack T. , Brophy Robert H. , Cox Charles L. , Dunn Warren R. , Flanigan David C. , Fleming Braden C. , Huston Laura J. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Kolosky Michael , Kuyumcu Gokhan , Lynch T. Sean , Magnussen Robert A. , Matava Matthew J. , Parker Richard D. , Reinke Emily K. , Scaramuzza Erica A. , Smith Matthew V. , Winalski Carl , Wright Rick W. , Zajichek Alexander , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Multiple studies have shown that patients are susceptible to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, even with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Prospective studies using multivariable analysis to identify risk factors for PTOA are lacking.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study aimed to identify baseline predictors of radiographic PTOA after ACLR at an early time point. We hypothesized that meniscal injuries and cartilage lesions would be associated with worse radiographic PTOA using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas criteria.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 421 patients who underwent ACLR returned on-site for standardized posteroanterior semiflexed knee radiography at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. The mean age was 19.8 years, with 51.3% female patients. At baseline, data on demographics, graft type, meniscal status/treatment, and cartilage status were collected. OARSI atlas criteria were used to grade all knee radiographs. Multivariable ordinal regression models identified baseline predictors of radiographic OARSI grades at follow-up.

Results:

Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06) and higher body mass index (OR, 1.05) were statistically significantly associated with a higher OARSI grade in the medial compartment. Patients who underwent meniscal repair and partial meniscectomy had statistically significantly higher OARSI grades in the medial compartment (meniscal repair OR, 1.92; meniscectomy OR, 2.11) and in the lateral compartment (meniscal repair OR, 1.96; meniscectomy OR, 2.97). Graft type, cartilage lesions, sex, and Marx activity rating scale score had no significant association with the OARSI grade.

Conclusion:

Older patients with a higher body mass index who have an ACL tear with a concurrent meniscal tear requiring partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair should be advised of their increased risk of developing radiographic PTOA. Alternatively, patients with an ACL tear with an articular cartilage lesion can be reassured that they are not at an increased risk of developing early radiographic knee PTOA at 2 to 3 years after ACLR.
States as Sites of Educational (In)Equality: State Contexts and the Socioeconomic Achievement Gradient
Authors: Jang Heewon , Reardon Sean F.
Published: September 2019

Socioeconomic achievement gaps have long been a central focus of educational research. However, not much is known about how (and why) between-district gaps vary among states, even though states are a primary organizational level in the decentralized education system in the United States. Using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA), this study describes state-level socioeconomic achievement gradients and the growth of these gradients from Grades 3 to 8. We also examine state-level correlates of the gradients and their growth, including school system funding equity, preschool enrollment patterns, the distribution of teachers, income inequality, and segregation. We find that socioeconomic gradients and their growth rates vary considerably among states, and that between-district income segregation is positively associated with the socioeconomic achievement gradient.
Composition of the Intranuclear Inclusions of Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Ma Lisa , Herren Anthony W. , Espinal Glenda , Randol Jamie , McLaughlin Bridget , Martinez-Cerdeño Veronica , Pessah Isaac N. , Hagerman Randi J. , Hagerman Paul J.
Published: September 2019

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a premutation repeat expansion (55–200 CGG repeats) in the 5′ noncoding region of the FMR1 gene. Solitary intranuclear inclusions within FXTAS neurons and astrocytes constitute a hallmark of the disorder, yet our understanding of how and why these bodies form is limited. Here, we have discovered that FXTAS inclusions emit a distinct autofluorescence spectrum, which forms the basis of a novel, unbiased method for isolating FXTAS inclusions by preparative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using a combination of autofluorescence-based FACS and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics, we have identified more than two hundred proteins that are enriched within the inclusions relative to FXTAS whole nuclei. Whereas no single protein species dominates inclusion composition, highly enriched levels of conjugated small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO 2) protein and p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1) protein were found within the inclusions. Many additional proteins involved with RNA binding, protein turnover, and DNA damage repair were enriched within inclusions relative to total nuclear protein. The current analysis has also allowed the first direct detection, through peptide sequencing, of endogenous FMRpolyG peptide, the product of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of the FMR1 mRNA. However, this peptide was found only at extremely low levels and not within whole FXTAS nuclear preparations, raising the question whether endogenous RAN products exist at quantities sufficient to contribute to FXTAS pathogenesis. The abundance of the inclusion-associated ubiquitin- and SUMO-based modifiers supports a model for inclusion formation as the result of increased protein loads and elevated oxidative stress leading to maladaptive autophagy. These results highlight the need to further investigate FXTAS pathogenesis in the context of endogenous systems.
Frequency-dependent S-wave splitting parameters analysis: A case study from azimuthal PS data, Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Chao , Li Jianfeng , Yue Yuanyuan
Published: August 2019

The Sanhu area, which is located in the eastern Qaidam Basin in China and formed of low-amplitude anticlinal and lithologic traps, is a favorable area for biogas exploration. The fracture systems in this area are characterized in detail with the use of frequency-dependent S-wave splitting parameters, which are sensitive to the size of the fractures. The results indicate that the delay time between slow and fast S-waves decreases rapidly with increasing frequency between 5 and 30 Hz, and then it slowly decreases to a stationary value at high frequencies. Moreover, the frequency-dependent delay times suggest that fractures of different scale have different 2D density distribution. The frequency-dependent orientation of the fractures suggests that large-scale fractures, which correspond to a low-frequency band (5–11 Hz), are oriented at approximately N48°E and have small random disturbances. The mesoscale fractures that correspond to the dominant frequency band (12–36 Hz) are oriented along approximately N54°E in the northeastern region and N45°E over the remaining area. As expected, the average fracture orientation and delay time of the dominant frequency band are consistent with previous results from conventional S-wave splitting analysis in the time domain, but the frequency-dependent fracture orientation and delay time indicate finer heterogeneity and spatial anomalies. In summary, the results show the potential for accurately characterizing fracture systems using frequency-dependent S-wave splitting parameters.
Do the Rich Get Richer in the Stock Market? Evidence from India
Authors: Campbell John Y. , Ramadorai Tarun , Ranish Benjamin
Published: August 2019

We use data on Indian stock portfolios to show that return heterogeneity is the primary contributor to increasing inequality of wealth held in risky assets by Indian individual investors. Return heterogeneity increases equity wealth inequality through two main channels, both of which are related to the prevalence of undiversified accounts that own relatively few stocks. First, some undiversified portfolios randomly do well, while others randomly do poorly. Second, larger accounts diversify more effectively and thereby earn higher average log returns even though their average simple returns are no higher than those of smaller accounts. (JEL D14, D31, G11, O16)
Using the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in project management
Authors: Тебекин А. , Tebekin A. , Тебекин Павел , Tebekin Pavel , Тебекина А. , Tebekina A.
Published: August 2019

The place of the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics in the system of general scientific methods of project management is shown. The composition of the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics is described most in demand in project management. The possibilities of project management, provided by the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, are shown in PMBOK project management.
Multidisciplinariedade e Interdisciplinaridade na Graduação em RI: o ensino de História e Teoria das Relações Internacionais | Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in International Relations: teaching History and Theory of International Relations
Authors: Loureiro Felipe , Guimarães Feliciano De Sá
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma experiência interdisciplinar que vem sendo implementada em um curso de Relações Internacionais do Instituto de Relações Internacionais de Universidade de São Paulo entre as disciplinas de História das Relações Internacionais e Teoria das Relações Internacionais. Essas disciplinas foram estruturadas a partir de um eixo temático comum (segurança internacional e origem de guerras, em particular a 1º Guerra Mundial), a fim de viabilizar uma melhor interação entre as áreas de História e Ciência Política, tendo em vista a predominância de internacionalistas com formação em Política Internacional na oferta de cursos de Teorias de RI. Os resultados sugerem que as diferenças de abordagem teórico-metodológica entre História e Ciência Política, amplamente reconhecidas pela literatura, e que dificultam a integração entre essas disciplinas, também abrem ricas perspectivas para que limitações de um campo do conhecimento sejam compensadas pelas vantagens do outro.Palavras-chave: Ensino, Interdisciplinaridade, Multidisciplinaridade.ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary experience that has been implemented in an International Relations course at the Institute of International Relations at the University of São Paulo between the disciplines of International Relations History and International Relations Theory. These disciplines were structured around a common thematic axis - international security and origin of wars, particularly World War I - to enable a better interaction between the areas of History and Political Science. The results suggest that the differences in the theoretical-methodological approach between History and Political Science, widely recognized in the literature, and which hinder the integration between these disciplines, also open rich perspectives for limitations of one field of knowledge to be offset by the advantages of the other.Keywords: Teaching, Interdisciplinarity, Multidisciplinarity.Recebido em: 01 out. 2018 | Aceito em: 08 abr. 2019
Mais Universidade, Menos Aula: O Laboratório de Relações Internacionais da Universidade Católica de Santos | More University, Less Classroom: International Relations Laboratory (LARI) at the Catholic University of Santos
Authors: Fingermann Natalia N. , Menezes Fabiano L. de , Coronato Daniel Rei , Beber Castilho Alessandra
Published: August 2019

O principal objetivo desse artigo é discutir a experiência do Laboratório de Relações Internacionais (LARI) da Universidade Católica de Santos. Formado em 2016, o LARI estabeleceu três práticas educativas com o objetivo de desenvolver as competências dos estudantes de Relações Internacionais e da comunidade em seu entorno, por meio de parcerias com escolas e outras instituições nacionais. As três práticas educativas desenvolvidas no LARI são: Modelo de Simulação das Nações Unidas, Observatório de Relações Internacionais e Informação do Estado de Origem de Refugiados. Em todas essas práticas têm se utilizado dos princípios da aprendizagem por elaboração de projetos, ao colocar os estudantes da graduação como agentes fundamentais em seu processo aprendizado. Os resultados do LARI têm demonstrado que essas práticas educativas, fomentadas na extensão, são ferramentas importantes para o desenvolvimento de diversas competências entre os estudantes: argumentação, análise crítica, desenvolvimento do olhar à pesquisa, organização e trabalho em equipe.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem por elaboração de projetos; Projetos de Extensão; Ensino em Relações Internacionais. This article aims to discuss the experience of the International Relations Laboratory (LARI) at the Catholic University of Santos. LARI was founded in 2016 and since then it has established three educational practices aimed at improving the skills of International Relations students and the surrounding community, through partnerships with schools and other national institutions. LARI now runs the following educational practices: Model United Nations, International Relations Observatory and Refugee State Information of Origin. All of these practices have adopted the principles of project-based learning, in which students are placed at the center of the learning process. The results of the LARI have demonstrated that these educational practices, fostered by the university extension projects, are important tools for the development of many capacities among the students, such as: argumentation, critical analysis, research practice, organization and team work. Keywords: Project based-learning; University extension project; International Relations Education. Recebido em: 26 out. 2018| Aceito em 19 jun. 2019
Programa Globalizando: Extensão Universitária em Relações Internacionais | Programa Globalizando: University Extension in International Relations
Authors: Barros Almeida Mario Tito , Pinheiro Bruna Ferreira
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, visa-se apresentar e analisar a experiência de cinco anos do Programa Globalizando, programa de rádio universitária produzido pelos alunos e professores do curso de Relações Internacionais da Universidade da Amazônia/PA. Este programa discute temas de Relações Internacionais e é transmitido via Rádio UNAMA FM 105.5 de Belém do Pará, bem como pela internet. Esta experiência universitária é analisada a partir do pensamento de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, em sua perspectiva sobre a Universidade à luz da teoria crítica e da epistemologia do Sul. Para tal, metodologicamente, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a importância da extensão universitária e a utilização de meios de comunicação. Para viabilizá-la, apresenta-se organização e experiência do Programa Globalizando e, analisa-se estas questões a partir do referencial teórico proposto. Palavras-chave: Programa Globalizando; Relações Internacionais; Extensão Universitária.ABSTRACTIn this article, the objective is to present and analyze the five years’ experience of Programa Globalizando, a university radio program produced by the students and professors from the course of the University of Amazonia / PA. This program discusses topics of International Relations and is transmitted via Radio UNAMA FM 105.5 of Belém do Pará, as well as through the internet. This study is analyzed from the theorical thinking of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, in his perspective on the University in the light of the critical theory and the epistemology of the South. To this end, a bibliographical review was carried out on the importance of university extension and the use of the media. To make it feasible, the organization and experience gained by the Globalizing Program over the years is presented, and these questions are analyzed based on the proposed theoretical framework. Keywords: Programa Globalizando; International Relations; University Extension.Recebido em: 09 dez. 2018 | Aceito em: 05 mai. 2019
Quality of life after amputation in patients with advanced complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Ayyaswamy Brijesh , Saeed Bilal , Anand Anoop , Chan Lai , Shetty Vishwanath
Published: September 2019

The majority of included studies (8 out of 11, n = 54) supported the concept of considering amputation for selected, unresponsive cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) as a justifiable alternative to an unsuccessful multimodality nonoperative option. Of patients who underwent amputation, 66% experienced improvement in quality of life (QOL) and 37% were able to use a prosthesis, 16% had an obvious decline in QOL and for 12% of patients, no clear details were given, although it was suggested by authors that these patients also encountered deterioration after amputation. Complications of phantom limb pain, recurrence of CRPS and stump pain were predominant risks and were noticed in 65%, 45% and 30% of cases after amputation, respectively and two-thirds of patients were satisfied. Amputation can be considered by clinicians and patients as an option to improve QOL and to relieve agonizing, excruciating pain of severe, resistant CRPS at a specialized centre after multidisclipinary involvement but it must be acknowledged that evidence is limited, and the there are risks of aggravating or recurrence of CRPS, phantom pain and unpredictable consequences of rehabilitation. Amputation, if considered for resistant CRPS, should be carried out at specialist centres and after MDT involvement before and after surgery. It should only be considered if requested by patients with poor quality of life who have failed to improve after multiple treatment modalities. Further high quality and comprehensive research is needed to understand the severe form of CRPS which behaves differently form less severe stages.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:533-540. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.190008
Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Xerogel and Activation by Oxidative Treatment
Authors: Mahato Nihar Ranjan , Hansda Kamala Mandy , Das Ajit , Banerjee Jayanta , Mondal Sridhar , Mahata Nagendranath
Published: August 2019

Synthesis of carbon xerogel and modification of its surface by various oxidative treatments are explored. Organic gel was synthesized by following the conventional sol-gel approach using formaldehyde and resorcinol. The wet gel was dried under subcritical condition and then carbonized, leading to carbon xerogel. Subsequently, the carbon xerogel was subjected to surface activation by means of oxidative treatment with nitric acid, sulphuric acid as well as aerial oxidation. Surface acid/base properties of the carbon xerogel have been strongly altered by treatments with nitric acid as well as with sulphuric acid. On the other hand, total surface area and pore volume have been significantly modified by air activation.
HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Rosuvastatin,
Ezetimibe and Clopidogrel in Combination Drug Products
Authors: Palacharla Suresh Kumar , Mohan G.V. Krishna
Published: August 2019

A single HPLC method for the determination of four active ingredients viz. aspirin, rosuvastatin, ezetimibe and clopidogrel in less run time is developed. HPLC method was developed and validated. X-terra C18 100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ HPLC column, KH2PO4 buffer (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B) were used. 20 μ injection volume, 1.0 mL/min flow rate, 230 nm and ambient column oven temperature were applied for separation. Gradient program: at 0 min mobile phase-B 13 %, at 4 min 13 %, at 8 min 44 %, 14 min 57 %, 17 min 57 %, 20 min 13 % and 25 min 13 %. Method validation was performed as per ICH guidance with precision, linearity, specificity, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Validation results were satisfactory and this method can be applied for regular drug product manufacturing
Indoor Photochemistry Involving Ozone in Rural Location of Kannur−A Tropical Site in India
Authors: Lekha V. , Pushpaletha P.
Published: August 2019

This study reports the indoor ozone (O3) pollution in the rural location of Kannur, a tropical site in India, during March 2018 and the influence of their most important determinants. Measurements of indoor O3, NO, NO2 and NOx were carried out in a residential building for a period of one week. Measurements were taken from the kitchen, as it had been identified as the most polluted spot. The background concentrations of O3, NO, NO2 and NOx were also monitored. Indoor O3 originates mainly from the outdoor environment and is also produced from indoor sources. The results show that there is a higher level of indoor O3 during cooking hours. The study indicated that cooking activities in the kitchen had a strong impact on the indoor O3 level. Ozone is an important gaseous pollutant which may lead to severe health problems such as decreased lung function and respiratory symptoms.
Kinetic Modeling of Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil Production from Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels on Pilot Scale
Authors: Do Dinh Nhat , Pham Ngoc Tu , Lam Tri Duc , Bach Long Giang , Nguyen Duy Chinh , Tran Quoc Toan , Hong Nhan Le Thi
Published: August 2019

Present study involves to the pilot scale hydrodistillation process for production of essential oil of orange peels. The production of orange peels essential oil and the effect of several factors such as time, temperature and the ratio of solid/solvent on yield and quality were studied. In this work, we used fresh orange peels of C. sinensis (orange). The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oils of orange peels were performed by GC/MS and sensory analysis. The maximum yield of orange peels essential oil was 1.2384 % (fresh matter) at distillation conditions (ground fresh material, the
material-water ratio of 1:2, time of 105 min from the first drop, the temperature of 132 ºC). Kinetic studies of hydrodistillation process showed that the extraction of orange peels essential oil follows first order kinetic (R2 > 0.95). Limonene is the dominant component of the orange peels essential oil that was identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry (94.22 %). The results of test indicated the orange peels essential oil has good qualities which were suitable to the National Standards of Vietnam.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI ANALISIS PEMINATAN DALAM PROGRAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UNTUK SEKOLAH LANJUTAN
Authors: Sikumbang Ernawati
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAK            Penelitian ini mengenai pengembangan website “Sistem Informasi Peminatan” (SIP) yang memberikan fasilitas kepada pengguna dalam mempermudah pengolahan data informasi peminatan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aspek peminatan dalam informasi sekolah lanjutan dengan fasilitas pengolahan data secara otomatis sehingga menjadi rekomendasi peminatan bagi peserta didik. Pengembangan Website ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research & Development) melalui tahapan studi persiapan (data pustaka), analisis peminatan peserta didik kelas IX di SMP, studi kebutuhan kebutuhan Guru BK di Sekolah Menengah Pertama, pengembangan desain, pengembangan web, uji ahli dibidang web dan uji ahli dibidang materi/konten, uji user dan revisi.            Produk penelitian ini beruba web dengan nama SIP (Sistem Informasi Peminatan). Menu utamanya adalah rekomendasi peminatan bagi peserta didik. Produk akhir Aplikasi Sistem Peminatan telah dievaluasi oleh ahli media, ahli konten, dan ahli user. Berdasarkan hasil uji ahli dibidang web, diperoleh skor penilaian sebesar 88% dengan kategori sangat layak, pada hasil uji ahli dibidang materi/konten menunjukan skor penilaian sebesar 83% dengan kategori sangat layak, dan pada uji user dan revisi menunjukan perolehan skor penilaian sebesar 88% dengan kategori sangat layak.            Sistem Informasi Peminatan sangat layak digunakan oleh Guru BK se Indonesia dalam merekomendasikan peminatan sekolah lanjutan. Sistem Informasi Peminatan memiliki buku pengenalan dan petunjuk penggunaan website. Saran SIP dari penelitian ini adalah wujud kerja sama antara guru bidang studi, wali kelas, orang tua siswa, psikolog dan Guru BK dalam menganalisis peminatan dalam program Bimbingan dan Konseling untuk sekolah lanjutanKata Kunci : Bimbingan dan Konseling, Peminatan, Fasilitas, Rekomendasi, Sekolah, Lanjutan.
Straggling onward
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: September 2019

Marge Piercy is the author of many books of poetry, most recently Made in Detroit.
Hands and faces: The expression of modality in ZEI, Iranian Sign Language
Authors: Siyavoshi Sara
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a study of modality in Iranian Sign Language (ZEI) from a cognitive perspective, aimed at analyzing two linguistic channels: facial and manual. While facial markers and their grammatical functions have been studied in some sign languages, we have few detailed analyses of the facial channel in comparison with the manual channel in conveying modal concepts. This study focuses on the interaction between manual and facial markers. A description of manual modal signs is offered. Three facial markers and their modality values are also examined: squinted eyes, brow furrow, and downward movement of lip corners (horseshoe mouth). In addition to offering this first descriptive analysis of modality in ZEI, this paper also applies the Cognitive Grammar model of modality, the Control Cycle, and the Reality Model, classifying modals into two kinds, effective and epistemic. It is suggested that effective control, including effective modality, tends to be expressed on the hands, while facial markers play an important role in marking epistemic assessment, one manifestation of which is epistemic modality. ZEI, like some other sign languages, exhibits an asymmetry between the number of manual signs and facial markers expressing epistemic modality: while the face can be active in the expression of effective modality, it is commonly the only means of expressing epistemic modality. By positing an epistemic core in effective modality, Cognitive Grammar provides a theoretical basis for these findings.
Microstrip Hexagonal Fractal Antenna for Military Applications
Authors: Gupta Manisha , Mathur Vinita , Kumar Arun , Saxena Virendra , Bhatnagar Deepak
Published: August 2019

Novel and miniaturized hexagonal Microstrip patch antenna design is presented in this paper. Patch is fractured using Sierpinski and Koch structures to make the antenna applicable for multiband applications. Additionally ground is defected to enhance the bandwidth and further size is reduced. Material FR-4 (εr = 4.4)has been chosen to design proposed antenna and substrate thickness as 1.59 mm. Microstrip feed technique is used as it provides better results. Gain obtained in this case is 5.57 dB, 7.49 dB and 4.02 dB with bandwidth as 606.8 MHz, 507 MHz and 2 GHz at 8.3 GHz, 12.6 GHz and 17.6 GHz resonant frequencies. The antenna is better to other designs in terms of parameters like bandwidth, directivity, polarization, gain, return loss and dimension. The antenna provides application for military appliances. A good concord is obtained in Simulated and measured results.
Using Monarch Butterfly Optimization to Solve the Emergency Vehicle Routing Problem with Relief Materials in Sudden Disasters
Authors: Yi Jiao-Hong , Wang Jian , Wang Gai-Ge
Published: August 2019

China has one of the highest rates of natural disasters in the world. In recent years, the Chinese government has placed a high value on improving emergency natural disaster relief. The goal of this research was to resolve a key issue for emergency natural disaster relief: the emergency vehicle routing problem (EmVRP) with relief materials in sudden disasters. First, we provided a description of the EmVRP, and defined the boundary conditions. On this basis, we constructed an optimization model of EmVRP with relief materials in sudden disasters. To reach the best solution in the least amount of time, we proposed an enhanced monarch butterfly optimization (EMBO) algorithm, incorporating two modifications to the basic MBO: a self-adaptive strategy and a crossover operator. Finally, the EMBO algorithm was used to solve the EmVRP. Our experiments using two examples EmVRP with relief materials in a sudden-onset disaster proved the suitability of EMBO. In addition, an array of comparative studies showed that the proposed EMBO algorithm can achieve satisfactory solutions in less time than the basic MBO algorithm and seven other intelligent algorithms.
Existence Theory and Stability Analysis of Fractional Langevin Equation
Authors: Rizwan Rizwan
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider a non local boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional Langevin equation with non-instantaneous impulses. Initially, we form a standard framework to originate a formula of solutions to our proposed model and then implement the concept of generalized Ulam–Hyers–Rassias using Diaz–Margolis’s fixed point theorem over a generalized complete metric space.
HPLC phenolic fingerprinting, antioxidant and anti-phosphodiesterase-5 properties of Rauwolfia vomitoria extract
Authors: Oboh Ganiyu , Adebayo Adeniyi A. , Ademosun Ayokunle O.
Published: August 2019

Background

In Nigerian traditional medicine, Rauwolfia vomitoria has been reported to be useful in the management of various human diseases, but there is no relevant information to substantiate its involvement in managing diseases arising from vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, this study sought to investigate the antioxidant property of R. vomitoria and its effect on phophodiesterase-5 activity in vitro.

Methods

The antioxidant property was assessed through ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), copper chelation, and ABTS radical-scavenging activity. In addition, the effect of R. vomitoria on phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) activity was assessed in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of phenolic compounds present in R. vomitoria was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results

The findings in this study revealed that R. vomitoria inhibited PDE-5 in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 252.42 μg/mL). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of R. vomitoria was established through FRAP (19.68 mg AAE/g), ABTS radical-scavenging ability (74.25 mmol TEAC/g), and Cu2+-chelating ability (IC50 = 0.13 mg/mL).

Conclusions

The antioxidant property of R. vomitoria and its inhibitory effect on PDE-5 could be useful in the management of diseases arising from vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Net Neutrality Policies and Regulation in the United States
Authors: Jamison Mark A.
Published: August 2019

The US debate about net neutrality has been unusually contentious for a telecommunications regulatory issue, most recently culminating in a 2017 reversal of a 2015 decision to apply traditional telephone regulations, written for a monopoly era, to internet service providers. This article reviews this history, beginning 1956 when the government first imposed an industry boundary between transmission of information on the one hand, and the creation and processing of information on the other. This regulatory legacy remains embedded in US law and has led to some of the muddle. This article also examines the academic literature relating to net neutrality. On this, the answers found in the literature vary depending on assumptions made about technology, industry structure, and industry practices. When the answer to the question of whether regulations are beneficial is “it depends,” and the scenarios that give different answers are realistic, it would seem that the policy approach should favor applying competition and consumer protection laws that address problems when they occur rather than ex ante regulations, which would be certain to harm at least in some situations.
Effect of shock waves on structural and dielectric properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystal
Authors: Aswathappa Sivakumar , Dhas Sathiyadhas Sahaya Jude , Settu Balachandar , Sathiyadhas Amalapushpam Martin Britto Dhas
Published: August 2019

In this research article, the authors pay attention to investigate the effect of structural and dielectric properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystal under pre and post shock loaded conditions. A shock wave of Mach number 1.9 was utilized for the present investigation which was generated by a table-top pressure driven shock tube. The crystalline nature and grain size variations were estimated by powder X-ray diffraction technique. The grain size of post shock wave loaded ADP crystal is found to be larger than that of the pre shock wave loaded ADP crystal. The dielectric properties of the pre and post shock loaded crystals were analyzed by impedance analyzer as a function of frequency (1 kHz–1 MHz) at ambient temperature. The dielectric constant is observed to be varying from 346 to 362 at the frequency of 400 kHz for pre and post shock wave loaded ADP crystals, respectively. The obtained results suggest that shock waves can be an alternate tool to tailor the physical properties of materials without creating any change in the original crystal system and surface morphology.
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Starch-Bio-Based Epoxy Resin and their Impact on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Fan Hong , Khan Farman Ullah , Ullah Roh , Haq Fazal , Iqbal Mudassir , Ullah Asmat
Published: August 2019

In the current research, we observed numerous suggestions are promoting the use of bio-based epoxy resins, replacing the petroleum-based products like Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A type epoxy resin DGEBA. With the passage of time, the impending challenges include preparation of environmentally-friendly epoxy with minimum toxic side effect and improved properties. Therefore, we describe a very useful method for preparing new silicone-bridged dimethyl siloxane monomers in high quantity, derived from naturally occurring eugenol. By putting the methyl siloxane, computed with different chain lengths into their molecular backbone. Such epoxy monomers have different molecular structure with high purity. This dimethyl siloxane epoxy, with lower viscosity than commercial DGEBA epoxy, has superior thermal properties, which were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Modification of CMS increases the hydrophilicity. Bio-based epoxy (self-prepared) resin improved adhesive properties, with the help of modified CMS. This study presents a very easy and effective chemical modification to enhance interfacial adhesion composites with superior properties.
Relationship Between Bench Press Strength and Punch Performance in Male Professional Boxers
Authors: López-Laval Isaac , Sitko Sebastian , Muñiz-Pardos Borja , Cirer-Sastre Rafel , Calleja-González Julio
Published: August 2019

López-Laval, I, Sitko, S, Muñiz-Pardos, B, Cirer-Sastre, R, and Calleja-González, J. Relationship between bench press strength and punch performance in male professional boxers. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 308–312, 2020—This study investigated the relationship between punching performance and the velocity at which different loads were lifted during the bench press (BP) exercise in 12 professional boxers (age = 22.6 ± 4 years; height = 177.7 ± 5 cm; body mass 70.6 ± 6.43 kg; years of boxing experience = 6.5 ± 3.5 years; weight class = from light to super welterweight). To determine the maximal punching velocity (PVmax) during both rear arm (RA) and lead arm (LA) punching, an accelerometer (Crossbow; Willow Technologies, Sussex, United Kingdom) was placed inside the boxing glove while executing 3 jabs at a maximal velocity with each arm. Upper-body strength was assessed through the direct 1-repetition maximum (1RM) BP test, and the maximum velocity at different percentages of 1RM was obtained with a linear encoder. The main finding was that RA PVmax was correlated with the BP velocity at all submaximal intensities (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, LA PVmax did not correlate with BP velocity at any intensity. When the correlated BP submaximal intensities were introduced in linear regression models, the velocity at 80% 1RM was the only predictor of RA PVmax (r
2 = 0.75; p < 0.01) in professional boxers. Additional body mass adjustment to the regression model significantly affected the predictive value (r
2 = 0.65; p < 0.005). Results encourage coaches and trainers to use BP exercise with high loads (i.e., 80% of 1RM) because this could be a reliable predictor of performance during the specific boxing action. Future research is needed to determine exercises and intensities that could explain LA PVmax because significant associations were not found.