bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Time–Frequency Parameterization Method for Oscillations in Specific Frequency Bands and Its Application on OPM-MEG
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Wang Ruonan , Wu Huanqi , Ma Yuyu , Liu Changzeng , Gao Yang , Yu Dexin , Ning Xiaolin
Published: July 2024

Time–frequency parameterization for oscillations in specific frequency bands reflects the dynamic changes in the brain. It is related to cognitive behavior and diseases and has received significant attention in neuroscience. However, many studies do not consider the impact of the aperiodic noise and neural activity, including their time-varying fluctuations. Some studies are limited by the low resolution of the time–frequency spectrum and parameter-solved operation. Therefore, this paper proposes super-resolution time–frequency periodic parameterization of (transient) oscillation (STPPTO). STPPTO obtains a super-resolution time–frequency spectrum with Superlet transform. Then, the time–frequency representation of oscillations is obtained by removing the aperiodic component fitted in a time-resolved way. Finally, the definition of transient events is used to parameterize oscillations. The performance of this method is validated on simulated data and its reliability is demonstrated on magnetoencephalography. We show how it can be used to explore and analyze oscillatory activity under rhythmic stimulation.
Biohacking Nerve Repair: Novel Biomaterials, Local Drug Delivery, Electrical Stimulation, and Allografts to Aid Surgical Repair
Authors: Crabtree Jordan R. , Mulenga Chilando M. , Tran Khoa , Feinberg Konstantin , Santerre J. Paul , Borschel Gregory H.
Published: July 2024

The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is limited, and peripheral nerve injuries often result in incomplete healing and poor outcomes even after repair. Transection injuries that induce a nerve gap necessitate microsurgical intervention; however, even the current gold standard of repair, autologous nerve graft, frequently results in poor functional recovery. Several interventions have been developed to augment the surgical repair of peripheral nerves, and the application of functional biomaterials, local delivery of bioactive substances, electrical stimulation, and allografts are among the most promising approaches to enhance innate healing across a nerve gap. Biocompatible polymers with optimized degradation rates, topographic features, and other functions provided by their composition have been incorporated into novel nerve conduits (NCs). Many of these allow for the delivery of drugs, neurotrophic factors, and whole cells locally to nerve repair sites, mitigating adverse effects that limit their systemic use. The electrical stimulation of repaired nerves in the perioperative period has shown benefits to healing and recovery in human trials, and novel biomaterials to enhance these effects show promise in preclinical models. The use of acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) circumvents the morbidity of donor nerve harvest necessitated by the use of autografts, and improvements in tissue-processing techniques may allow for more readily available and cost-effective options. Each of these interventions aid in neural regeneration after repair when applied independently, and their differing forms, benefits, and methods of application present ample opportunity for synergistic effects when applied in combination.
The Rice YL4 Gene Encoding a Ribosome Maturation Domain Protein Is Essential for Chloroplast Development
Authors: Sun Yunguang , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Youze , Lin Dongzhi , Pan Xiaobiao , Dong Yanjun
Published: July 2024

Chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain proteins are a family of plant-specific proteins associated with RNA binding. In this study, we have conducted a detailed characterization of a novel rice CRM gene (LOC_Os04g39060) mutant, yl4, which showed yellow-green leaves at all the stages, had fewer tillers, and had a decreased plant height. Map-based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9 editing techniques all showed that YL4 encoded a CRM domain protein in rice. In addition, subcellular localization revealed that YL4 was in chloroplasts. YL4 transcripts were highly expressed in all leaves and undetectable in roots and stems, and the mutation of YL4 affected the transcription of chloroplast-development-related genes. This study indicated that YL4 is essential for chloroplast development and affects some agronomic traits.
Advanced Glycation End-Products Acting as Immunomodulators for Chronic Inflammation, Inflammaging and Carcinogenesis in Patients with Diabetes and Immune-Related Diseases
Authors: Shen Chieh-Yu , Lu Cheng-Hsun , Cheng Chiao-Feng , Li Ko-Jen , Kuo Yu-Min , Wu Cheng-Han , Liu Chin-Hsiu , Hsieh Song-Chou , Tsai Chang-Youh , Yu Chia-Li
Published: July 2024

Increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) among reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, or ribose) and amino acids/proteins via non-enzymatic Maillard reaction can be found in lifestyle-related disease (LSRD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity and immune-related diseases. Increased serum levels of AGEs may induce aging, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), cancer, and inflamm-aging (inflammation with immunosenescence). The Maillard reaction can also occur among reducing sugars and lipoproteins or DNAs to alter their structure and induce immunogenicity/genotoxicity for carcinogenesis. AGEs, as danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), operate via binding to receptor for AGE (RAGE) or other scavenger receptors on cell surface to activate PI3K-Akt-, P38-MAPK-, ERK1/2-JNK-, and MyD88-induced NF-κB signaling pathways to mediate various pathological effects. Recently, the concept of “inflamm-aging” became more defined, and we have unveiled some interesting findings in relation to it. The purpose of the present review is to dissect the potential molecular basis of inflamm-aging in patients with diabetes and immune-mediated diseases caused by different AGEs.
Testing Reported Associations of Gene Variants with Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts in the Polish Population
Authors: Zawiślak Alicja , Woźniak Krzysztof , Tartaglia Gianluca , Kawala Beata , Gupta Satish , Znamirowska-Bajowska Anna , Grocholewicz Katarzyna , Lubiński Jan , Jakubowska Anna
Published: July 2024

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the second most common birth defect worldwide. The etiology of OFCs involves complex interactions between genetics and environment. Advances in genomic technologies have identified gene variants associated with OFCs. This study aimed to investigate whether selected SNPs in the MYH9, MTHFR, MAFB, and SUMO1 genes influence the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs in the Polish population. The study included 209 individuals with non-syndromic OFCs and 418 healthy controls. Saliva and umbilical cord blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Four SNPs in the MYH9, MTHFR, MAFB, and SUMO1 genes were genotyped using real-time PCR-based TaqMan assays. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression to assess the association between SNPs and OFCs. A significant association was found between the rs7078 CC polymorphism and OFCs (OR = 3.22, CI 1.68–6.17, p < 0.001). No significant associations were identified for the rs1081131, rs13041247, and rs3769817 polymorphisms. The research indicates that the rs7078 polymorphism significantly influences the occurrence of orofacial cleft palate in the Polish population, whereas the rs3769817, rs1801131, and rs13041247 SNPs do not show such a correlation.
Rotenone and Its Derivative, Rotenoisin A, Induce Neurodegeneration Differentially in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Ramalingam Mahesh , Jang Sujeong , Kim Seongryul , Bai Hyoungwoo , Jeong Gyeonghan , Kim Byeong C. , Jeong Han-Seong
Published: July 2024

Rotenone (ROT), the most significant rotenoid, which has shown anticancer activity, has also been reported to be toxic to normal cells, inducing Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like neuronal loss with aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). To reduce the adverse effects of ROT, its derivative, rotenoisin A (ROA), is obtained by directly irradiating a ROT solution in methanol using γ-rays, which has been reported for potential anticancer properties. However, its PD-inducing effects have not yet been researched or reported. This study sought to compare the activities of ROA and ROT on the aggregation of α-syn, apoptosis, and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. ROA decreased cell survival less when compared with ROT on SH-SY5Y cells at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. ROT (0.5 and 1 μM) and ROA (4 and 5 μM) decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. Western blot analysis of the Triton X-100 insoluble fraction revealed that both ROT and ROA significantly increased the levels of oligomeric, dimeric, and monomeric phosphorylated Serine129 α-syn and total monomeric α-syn. Moreover, both compounds decreased the proportion of neuronal nuclei, the neurofilament-heavy chain, and β3-tubulin. The phosphorylation of ERK and SAPK were reduced, whereas ROA did not act on Akt. Additionally, the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio further activated the downstream caspases cascade. ROT promoted the LC3BII/I ratio and p62 levels; however, different ROA doses resulted in different effects on autophagy while inducing PD-like impairments in SH-SY5Y cells.
Evaluation of Aging-Friendly Public Spaces in Old Urban Communities Based on IPA Method—A Case Study of Shouyi Community in Wuhan
Authors: Zeng Yujun , Chen Bo
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the aging population in Chinese cities has become increasingly severe. In 2021, the proportion of people aged 65 and above in Wuchang District, Wuhan reached 24.38%, indicating a deeply aging society. Consequently, the importance of studying aging-friendly public spaces in communities is becoming more prominent. This research was conducted based on survey data of outdoor spaces in Shouyi Community, Shouyi Road. Factor analysis and IPA were used to assess the satisfaction and importance of elderly residents’ satisfaction. The primary renovation factors identified include route organization, site height difference protection, barrier-free design, plant color matching, plant configuration, and landscape features, followed by spatial continuity, lighting, microclimate, and rest facilities layout. These analyses effectively identified public factors and prioritize the aging-friendly renovation of public spaces in old communities. In the renovation of old communities in Wuhan, safety is the primary renovation factor for aging-friendly communities. Improving site height difference protection and barrier-free facilities significantly enhances residents’ satisfaction. The aesthetic improvement of outdoor spaces is the second renovation factor, indicating that the elderly increasingly value the aesthetic aspect of spaces. Although accessibility of community public spaces is the third renovation factor, route organization at the criterion level has the highest priority. Road traffic and parking difficulties are also key factors in the renovation of old communities.
Brachytherapy in Brain Metastasis Treatment: A Scoping Review of Advances in Techniques and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Leskinen Sandra , Ben-Shalom Netanel , Ellis Jason , Langer David , Boockvar John A. , D’Amico Randy S. , Wernicke A. Gabriella
Published: July 2024

Brain metastases pose a significant therapeutic challenge in the field of oncology, necessitating treatments that effectively control disease progression while preserving neurological and cognitive functions. Among various interventions, brachytherapy, which involves the direct placement of radioactive sources into or near tumors or into the resected cavity, can play an important role in treatment. Current literature describes brachytherapy’s capacity to deliver targeted, high-dose radiation while minimizing damage to adjacent healthy tissues—a crucial consideration in the choice of treatment modality. Furthermore, advancements in implantation techniques as well as in the development of different isotopes have expanded its efficacy and safety profile. This review delineates the contemporary applications of brachytherapy in managing brain metastases, examining its advantages, constraints, and associated clinical outcomes, and provides a comprehensive understanding of advances in the use of brachytherapy for brain metastasis treatment, with implications for improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.
Nuclear Receptors and the Hidden Language of the Metabolome
Authors: Chen Yujie , Anderson Matthew Tom , Payne Nathaniel , Santori Fabio R. , Ivanova Natalia B.
Published: July 2024

Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that control key aspects of development and physiology. The regulation of NHRs by ligands derived from metabolism or diet makes them excellent pharmacological targets, and the mechanistic understanding of how NHRs interact with their ligands to regulate downstream gene networks, along with the identification of ligands for orphan NHRs, could enable innovative approaches for cellular engineering, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. We review recent discoveries in the identification of physiologic ligands for NHRs. We propose new models of ligand-receptor co-evolution, the emergence of hormonal function and models of regulation of NHR specificity and activity via one-ligand and two-ligand models as well as feedback loops. Lastly, we discuss limitations on the processes for the identification of physiologic NHR ligands and emerging new methodologies that could be used to identify the natural ligands for the remaining 17 orphan NHRs in the human genome.
Correction: Bellu et al. Smart Nanofibers with Natural Extracts Prevent Senescence Patterning in a Dynamic Cell Culture Model of Human Skin. Cells 2020, 9, 2530
Authors: Bellu Emanuela , Garroni Giuseppe , Cruciani Sara , Balzano Francesca , Serra Diletta , Satta Rosanna , Montesu Maria Antonia , Fadda Angela , Mulas Maurizio , Sarais Giorgia , Bandiera Pasquale , Torreggiani Elena , Martini Fernanda , Tognon Mauro , Ventura Carlo , Beznoska Jiří , Amler Evzen , Maioli Margherita
Published: July 2024

In the original publication [...]
A Novel Liquid Biopsy Method Based on Specific Combinations of Vesicular Markers Allows Us to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Hyperplasia
Authors: Martorana Emanuele , Raciti Gabriele , Giuffrida Raffaella , Bruno Elena , Ficarra Vincenzo , Ludovico Giuseppe Mario , Suardi Nazareno Roberto , Iraci Nunzio , Leggio Loredana , Bussolati Benedetta , Grange Cristina , Lorico Aurelio , Leonardi Rosario , Forte Stefano
Published: July 2024

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, and its incidence is rising. Early detection is crucial for improving the outcomes, but the current screening methods have limitations. While prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is the most widely used screening tool, it has poor specificity, leading to a high rate of false positives and unnecessary biopsies. The existing biopsy techniques are invasive and are associated with complications. The liquid biopsy methods that analyze the biomarkers in blood or other bodily fluids offer a non-invasive and more accurate alternative for detecting and characterizing prostate tumors. Methods: Here, we present a novel liquid biopsy method for prostate cancer based on the identification of specific proteins in the extracellular vesicles isolated from the blood of patients with prostate cancer. Results: We observed that a specific combination of sEV proteins is a sensitive indicator of prostate cancer. Indeed, we found that the number of clusters expressed by specific combinations of either intra-vesicular (STAT3 and CyclinD1) or surface proteins (ERBB3, ALK, and CD81) allowed us to significantly discriminate the patients with prostate cancer from the individuals with hyperplasia. Conclusion: This new liquid biopsy method has the potential to improve prostate cancer screening by providing a non-invasive and more accurate diagnostic tool.
CTRP13-Mediated Effects on Endothelial Cell Function and Their Potential Role in Obesity
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Li Ling , Nürnberger Sina , Niemann Bernd , Rohrbach Susanne
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity, a major component of cardiometabolic syndrome, contributes to the imbalance between pro- and anti-atherosclerotic factors via dysregulation of adipocytokine secretion. Among these adipocytokines, the C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) play a role in the modulation of atherosclerosis development and progression. Here, we investigated the vascular effects of CTRP13. Results: CTRP13 is not only expressed in adipose tissue but also in vessels/endothelial cells (ECs) of mice, rats, and humans. Obese individuals (mice, rats, and humans) showed higher vascular CTRP13 expression. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), cultured in the presence of serum from obese mice, mimicked this obesity-associated effect on CTRP13 protein expression. Similarly, high glucose conditions and TNF-alpha, but not insulin, resulted in a strong increase in CTRP13 in these cells. Recombinant CTRP13 induced a reduction in EC proliferation via AMPK. In addition, CTRP13 reduced cell cycle progression and increased p53 phosphorylation and p21 protein expression, but reduced Rb phosphorylation, with the effects largely depending on alpha-2 AMPK as suggested by adenoviral overexpression of dominant-negative (DN) or wild-type (WT) alpha 1/alpha 2 AMPK. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that CTRP13 expression is induced in ECs under diabetic conditions and that CTRP13 possesses significant vaso-modulatory properties which may have an impact on vascular disease progression in patients.
Surgical Strategies in Total Colonic Aganglionosis: Primary Pullthrough-Pathway of Care
Authors: Märzheuser Stefanie , Schulze Felix , Lindert Judith
Published: July 2024

Background: Total colonic aganglionosis, as a rare variant of Hirschsprung Disease, still poses challenges to surgeons in terms of diagnosis and management. The optimal preparation for pullthrough is crucial for reconstructive surgery. This study aims to explore our surgical pathway for children with total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) and to describe the prehabilitation necessary to prepare for successful reconstructive pullthrough surgery. Methods: A prospective review of children with TCA receiving an abdominal surgical intervention between 1/22 and 4/24. The cohort included children receiving mapping +/− primary ileoanal pullthrough. An analysis of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data, and a short-term follow-up were performed. Results: A total of 18 children with TCA and no prior pullthrough received an abdominal intervention during the 29-month study period, and 5/18 (27.8%) were female. The children had a median of 4 (range 2–7) prior external surgeries; all had a stoma; 6 (33%) children received parental nutrition; 12 children underwent a mapping of the ganglia distribution and bowel length at a median age of 11 months (range 3–54), and in 10 of them, we relocated the stoma. There was a mean involvement of 15 (5–93) cm small bowel aganglionosis, with the remaining mean ganglionic small bowel having a length of 178 cm (110–254). A total of 11 children underwent straight primary ileoanal pullthrough of the stoma site at a median age of 16.7 months (10–133). Conclusions: The timely diagnosis of TCA still challenges the care team, and most children have a rough journey involving several surgeries until their diagnosis is established. The ensure bowel function with an adequate working stoma is the key to enabling enteral nutrition and growth, which are the baseline requirements to undertake a successful pullthrough procedure and restore continuity. Careful perioperative bowel management and parents’ active involvement supports children with Hirschsprung Disease achieving the best possible quality of life.
Macroscopic and Histological Effects of Polycaprolactone Dermal Filler in the Orofacial Region: A Study in Rats
Authors: Silva Ana Caroline Bitencourt da , Payeras Márcia Rodrigues , Koth Valesca Sander , Cherubini Karen , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

The objective of our study was to evaluate early and late macroscopic and histological changes associated with the use of polycaprolactone dermal filler (PCL) in the orofacial region. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into the PCL group and the control group. The material was applied to the ventral tongue and submandibular region, and the animals were euthanized at three time points—24 h, and 30 and 90 days. In the PCL group, yellowish nodules were observed on the tongue at all experimental time points. At the 24 h mark, the histological analysis revealed the presence of the PCL and a predominance of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. At 30 and 90 days, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells predominated around the PCL spheres. Collagen density in the dermis was higher in the PCL group when compared to the control at 30 and 90 days. In the submandibular glands, an inflammatory process similar to that observed at other sites was noted, with no alterations in acinar or ductal morphology. The results of this study highlight the effectiveness of PCL as a collagen biostimulator. Nevertheless, the development of nodular lesions on the tongue signals the potential risk of complications in mobile anatomical structures.
Development of Ballistic Protection Soft Panels According to Regulatory Documents
Authors: Barkane Dana , Grecka Marianna , Almli Dana , Mecnika Viktorija , Ziemele Inese
Published: July 2024

The development of Ballistic Protection Vests (BPVs) has gained significant attention, particularly focusing on the design of Ballistic Protection Soft Panels (BPSPs), which are crucial to the overall size and configuration of these vests. Despite their critical role, there is a noticeable lack of a standardized design method for surface area patterns of BPSPs in the existing literature. The findings indicate that the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) standard 0101.06 Ballistic Test Templates (BTTs) are only partially applicable to the design of BPSP patterns. While the NIJ standard 0101.06 provides a useful framework, it requires adaptation to meet the specific needs of regional body types and the practicalities of BPV manufacturing. This research aims to address this gap by assessing the suitability of NIJ BTTs for the design of BPSPs and BPVs and to develop a standardized pattern design methodology along with a method for calculating the surface area of the soft amour prior to its creation. Results have to be achieved ready for the production of BPSP patterns tailored to the body types of regional soldiers while adhering to relevant standards and soldier’s physical comfort, thereby saving time and resources for manufacturers and researchers. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of the NIJ standard 0101.06 BTT for configuring these templates into the cutting patterns of BPSPs. To achieve this, patterns for BPSPs were designed and the feasibility of using NIJ BTTs for their configuration was analyzed. The research process involved a comprehensive literature review, an analysis of the dimensions of existing BPV soft panels, and a comparison with NIJ standard 0101.06 BTT. The design and scaling of the panel patterns were executed using computer-aided design (CAD) systems and evaluated through both physical fitting on mannequins and virtual fitting using the Clo3D program. The developed pattern-making methodology includes size specifications tailored to regional covers, incorporating a coefficient K identified to calculate the BPSP surface area prior to design. This approach not only ensures better fitting for the physical comfort and protection of soldiers but also saves time and resources in the manufacturing process of BPSPs. The proposed design methodology offers a significant step forward in standardizing BPSP patterns, promising enhanced protection and efficiency in BPV manufacturing.
Conservative versus Invasive Approaches in Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Sá Manuel , Faria Carlos , Pozza Daniel Humberto
Published: July 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently cause orofacial pain and dysfunction, with treatment options spanning from conservative therapies to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of conservative, minimally invasive interventions and surgical procedures in patients diagnosed with TMDs and disc displacement. Methods: Following PRISMA recommendations, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT). Data were synthesized in a table and evaluated through the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Results: Thirty-eight RCTs, most with moderate RoB, were selected. Conservative approaches, including physical therapy and occlusal devices, led to an improvement in symptoms and function. Pharmacological treatments demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain and improving function; however, they can have undesirable side effects. Minimally invasive and invasive treatments also demonstrated efficacy, although most trials did not show their superiority to conservative treatments. Conclusion: The primary approach to TMDs should be a conservative, multimodal treatment plan tailored to patient complaints and characteristics. Treatment goals should focus on symptom control and functional recovery. Surgical treatment should be reserved for cases with a precise diagnosis and a clear etiology.
Survival Probability, Particle Imbalance, and Their Relationship in Quadratic Models
Authors: Hopjan Miroslav , Vidmar Lev
Published: July 2024

We argue that the dynamics of particle imbalance in quadratic fermionic models is, for the majority of initial many-body product states in the site occupation basis, virtually indistinguishable from the dynamics of survival probabilities of single-particle states. We then generalize our statement to a similar relationship between the non-equal time and space density correlation functions in many-body states, and the transition probabilities of single-particle states at nonzero distances. Finally, we study the equal-time connected density–density correlation functions in many-body states, which exhibit certain qualitative analogies with the survival and transition probabilities of single-particle states. Our results are numerically tested for two paradigmatic models of single-particle localization: the 3D Anderson model and the 1D Aubry–André model. This work gives an affirmative answer to the question of whether it is possible to measure features of single-particle survival and transition probabilities by the dynamics of observables in many-body states.
Coverage Analysis for High-Speed Railway Communications with Narrow-Strip-Shaped Cells over Suzuki Fading Channels
Authors: Lin Shenghong , Wang Hongyan , Li Weiyong , Wang Jinyuan
Published: July 2024

Unlike circular cell coverage in public land mobile communications, narrow-strip-shaped cell coverage should be considered in high-speed railway (HSR) communications. Moreover, for the coverage analysis in HSR communications, most works ignore the effect of small-scale fading, which results in an inaccurate coverage performance evaluation. In this paper, we focus on the coverage analysis for HSR communications with narrow-strip-shaped cells over the Suzuki fading channel, where the composite channel fading includes path loss, lognormal shadowing, and Rayleigh-distributed small-scale fading. Based on the channel model, we first analyze the statistical characteristic of the received signal-to-noise ratio. Then, we derive analytical expressions of the edge coverage probability (ECP) and the percentage of cell coverage area (CCA). To link the edge coverage performance and the average coverage performance of a cell, we express the percentage of CCA as a summation of the ECP and a positive increment. As special cases, we also obtain the coverage performance expressions for the systems without small-scale fading. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the accuracy of the derived expressions is verified. Numerical results also show that the small-scale fading has a strong effect on coverage performance and cannot be ignored. In addition, the effects of key parameters are also discussed.
Trust Evaluation Techniques for 6G Networks: A Comprehensive Survey with Fuzzy Algorithm Approach
Authors: Saeedi Taleghani Elmira , Maldonado Valencia Ronald Iván , Sandoval Orozco Ana Lucila , García Villalba Luis Javier
Published: July 2024

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are poised to support an array of advanced technologies and promising high-quality and secure services. However, ensuring robust security, privacy protection, operational efficiency, and superior service delivery poses significant challenges. In this context, trust emerges as a foundational element that is critical for addressing the multifaceted challenges inherent in 6G networks. This review article comprehensively examines trust concepts, methodologies, and techniques that are vital for establishing and maintaining a secure and reliable 6G ecosystem. Beginning with an overview of the trust problem in 6G networks, this study underscores their pivotal role in navigating the network’s complexities. It proceeds to explore the conceptual frameworks underpinning trust and discuss various trust models tailored to the unique demands of 6G networks. Moreover, this article surveys a range of scholarly works presenting diverse techniques for evaluating trust by using the fuzzy logic algorithm, which is essential for ensuring the integrity and resilience of 6G networks. Through a meticulous analysis of these techniques, this study elucidates their technical nuances, advantages, and limitations. By offering a comprehensive assessment of trust evaluation methodologies, this review facilitates informed decision making in the design and implementation of secure and trustworthy 6G networks.
Optimization Method of SiC MOSFET Switching Trajectory Based on Variable Current Drive
Authors: Lu Yeqin , Yu Yannan , Huang Changbin , Yan Jichi , Wu Haoyuan
Published: July 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs exhibit superior performance compared to traditional silicon (Si) MOSFETs, characterized by faster switching speeds, lower on-resistance, higher breakdown voltage, and greater operational temperature tolerance. These attributes make SiC MOSFETs highly suitable for applications in electric vehicles, charging stations, and mobile devices. However, their rapid switching speed can intensify current and voltage overshoot and oscillations during device switching, leading to increased device losses or potential damage. To address this issue, this paper proposes a current-type active gate drive (AGD) circuit. The circuit first detects the rate of change in the drain current and drain-source voltage. Subsequently, it employs an analog amplifier circuit and adjustable drive resistors to decelerate the rate of change in the drain-source voltage and drain current. As a result, overshoot and oscillation in the drain-source voltage and drain current are mitigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AGD circuit can reduce drain current overshoot by 60%, drain-source voltage overshoot by 15.38%, and waveform oscillations. Additionally, the AGD circuit decreases conduction and turn-off losses by 24% and effectively mitigates electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues within the frequency range of 0.1 to 3 MHz.
Selective Grasping for Complex-Shaped Parts Using Topological Skeleton Extraction
Authors: Pennisi Andrea , Sileo Monica , Bloisi Domenico Daniele , Pierri Francesco
Published: July 2024

To enhance the autonomy and flexibility of robotic systems, a crucial role is played by the capacity to perceive and grasp objects. More in detail, robot manipulators must detect the presence of the objects within their workspace, identify the grasping point, and compute a trajectory for approaching the objects with a pose of the end-effector suitable for performing the task. These can be challenging tasks in the presence of complex geometries, where multiple grasping-point candidates can be detected. In this paper, we present a novel approach for dealing with complex-shaped automotive parts consisting of a deep-learning-based method for topological skeleton extraction and an active grasping pose selection mechanism. In particular, we use a modified version of the well-known Lightweight OpenPose algorithm to estimate the topological skeleton of real-world automotive parts. The estimated skeleton is used to select the best grasping pose for the object at hand. Our approach is designed to be more computationally efficient with respect to other existing grasping pose detection methods. Quantitative experiments conducted with a 7 DoF manipulator on different real-world automotive components demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a success rate of 87.04%.
A Comprehensive Literature Review on Volatile Memory Forensics
Authors: Hamid Ishrag , Rahman M. M. Hafizur
Published: July 2024

Through a systematic literature review, which is considered the most comprehensive way to analyze the field of memory forensics, this paper investigates its development through past and current methodologies, as well as future trends. This paper systematically starts with an introduction to the key issues and a notable agenda of the research questions. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria were then developed, and a deliberate search strategy was adopted to identify primary research studies aligned with the research question. The paper goes into specific details of six different memory categories, notably volatile memory, interpreting their advantages and the tactics used to retrieve the data. A detailed comparison with existing reviews and other relevant papers is made, forming a broader and wider picture of the research. The discussion summarizes the main findings, particularly the rise of more complex and advanced cyber threats and the necessity of more effective forensic methods for their investigation. This review pinpoints the possibilities for future study with the purpose of staying ahead in the evolving technological landscape. This overview is undoubtedly an essential resource for professionals and researchers working in digital forensics. It allows them to stay competent and provides enough insight into the current trends while marking the future direction in digital forensics methodology.
Fast Terminal Sliding-Mode Predictive Speed Controller for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems
Authors: Kong Delin , Cai Haiwei , Zeng Wenkai
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a kind of discrete-time sliding-mode predictive control (SMPC) based on a nonlinear sliding function for permanent-magnet synchronous motors’ (PMSMs’) speed control to improve the convergence performance. Compared with traditional sliding-mode predictive control based on a linear sliding function, the proposed SMPC has a faster convergence rate thanks to the design of a nonlinear fast terminal sliding function. Moreover, one-step prediction is employed, which greatly simplifies the algorithm and improves the real-time performance of its operation. The sliding state will follow the expected trajectory of a predefined sliding-mode reaching law. The stability and convergence performance of the proposed method is analyzed. The results of the theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments indicate that the proposed method has excellent convergence performance and robustness.
Green Transformation of Mining towards Energy Self-Sufficiency in a Circular Economy—A Case Study
Authors: Magdziarczyk Małgorzata , Chmiela Andrzej , Su Weijian , Smolinski Adam
Published: July 2024

This article presents the concept of green transformation of the coal mining sector. Pump stations that belong to Spółka Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A. (SRK S.A., Bytom, Poland) pump out approximately 100 million m3 of mine water annually. These pump stations protect neighboring mines and lower-lying areas from flooding and protect subsurface aquifers from contamination. The largest cost component of maintaining a pumping station is the expenditure for purchasing electricity. Investment towards renewable energy sources will reduce the environmental footprint of pumping station operation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The concept of liquidation of an exemplary mining site in the context of a circular economy by proposing the development/revitalization of a coal mine site is presented. This concept involves the construction of a complex consisting of photovoltaic farms combined with efficient energy storage in the form of green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis. For this purpose, the potential of liquidated mining sites will be utilized, including the use of pumped mine wastewater. This article is conceptual. In order to reach the stated objective, a body of literature and legal regulations was analyzed, and an empirical study was conducted. Various scenarios for the operation of mine pumping stations have been proposed. The options presented provide full or nearly full energy self-sufficiency of the proposed pumping station operation concept. The effect of applying any option for upgrading the pumping station could result in the creation of jobs that are alternatives to mining jobs and a guarantee of efficient asset management.
Experimental Study on the Impact of Lubricant on the Performance of Gravity-Assisted Separated Heat Pipe
Authors: Rongyang Yiming , Su Weitao , Mao Zujun , Huang Wenlin , Du Bowen , Zhang Shaozhi
Published: July 2024

Gravity-assisted separation heat pipes (GSHPs) are extensively utilized in telecommunications base stations and data centers. To ensure year-round cooling, integrating GSHPs directly with a vapor compression refrigeration system is a viable solution. It is unavoidable that the refrigeration system’s lubricant will infiltrate the heat pipe loop, thereby affecting its thermal performance. This paper examines the performance of a GSHP, which features a water-cooled plate heat exchanger as the condenser and a finned-tube heat exchanger as the evaporator, when the working fluid (R134a) is contaminated with a lubricant (POE, Emkarate RL-46H). The findings are compared with those from a system free of lubricant. The experimental outcomes indicate that the presence of lubricant degrades the heat transfer efficiency, particularly when the filling ratio is adequate and no significant superheat is observed at the evaporator’s outlet. This results in a 3.86% increase in heat transfer resistance. When the charge of the working fluid is suboptimal, the average heat transfer resistance remains relatively constant at a 3% lubricant concentration yet increases to approximately 5.27% at a 4–6% lubricant concentration, and further to 12.32% at a 9% lubricant concentration. Concurrently, as the lubricant concentration fluctuates between 3% and 9%, the oil circulation ratio (OCR) varies from 0.02% to 0.11%.
Solid-State Fermentation of Mucuna deeringiana Seed Flour Using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Álvarez Andrés , Rache Leidy Y. , Chaparro Sandra , Brijaldo María H. , Borras Luis Miguel , Martínez José J.
Published: July 2024

The genus Mucuna is a potential protein source, but it has been underutilized due to the presence of antinutritional factors, especially L-DOPA. Solid-state fermentation with lactic acid bacteria could be an effective and simple method for reducing these antinutritional factors while simultaneously enriching the protein content. In this work, an experimental analysis identified the variables with the greatest influence on the solid-state fermentation of Mucuna deeringiana. In general, we observed a decrease in pH due to the production of and increase in lactic acid, resulting in a 91% (6.40 to 0.55 g/100 g sample) reduction in L-DOPA, 51% decrease in phenolic compounds (11.65 to 5.70 g/100 g sample), 97% decrease in tannins (1.26 to 0.04 g/100 g sample), and the antioxidant capacity of the fermented flour was 97%, with an increase in protein content of 12%. Furthermore, it demonstrated greater stability over 24 days compared to the control samples, which remained stable for only 3 days. These results suggest that the bacterium has a positive effect on the production of lactic acid, and the nutritional composition can be enhanced by reducing antinutritional factors, especially L-DOPA, that limit the use of this legume. This process proves to be a cost-effective and sustainable method for developing nutritious feed products derived from Mucuna flours.
Pathogenic and Harmful Bacteria in Dairy Technology: Genomic Characterization and Its Correlation with Physicochemical Parameters of Sheep’s Cheese Sold in Southern Brazil
Authors: Pedroso Matheus Abraão Piovesan , Oliveira Wemerson de Castro , Felice Andrei Giacchetto , Cunha Sara Cristina Silva , Oliveira Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto , Richards Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos
Published: July 2024

The distinct microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of sheep milk enable the production of cheeses with unique organoleptic properties. The scenario of sheep cheeses in Brazil is still uncertain, lacking data and regulations. This study aims to characterize the diversity of bacterial groups with potential pathogenic and/or harmful properties to milk technology and correlate the presence of these bacteria with the physicochemical properties of sheep cheese. Additionally, it investigates the presence of virulence genes, resistance genes, and toxins in reference genomes. The main steps were (a) sample preparation and fractionation; (b) physicochemical analysis; (c) analysis of the free fatty acids profile by GC-FID; (d) analysis of the volatile compounds profile by GC-MS; (e) molecular analysis—Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region); and (f) in silico analysis—Genomics. A total of 1,061,392 sequences were identified, corresponding to 45 genera and 57 species. Of the total abundance, 95.7% were considered beneficial, while 3.9% were classified as bacteria with pathogenic potential (BPP) and/or bacteria harmful to milk technology (BHMT). Five phyla were identified: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota. The genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus stood out in the BPP and BHMT groups, showing higher abundance. Alpha diversity of the cheese samples showed that the cheese origin significantly influences the richness, evenness, and abundance of bacterial species. Some physicochemical parameters, fatty acids, and volatile organic compounds showed a negative correlation with Staphylococcus. Reference genomes of two species exhibited a higher number of resistance and virulence genes. This reinforces the need to monitor bacteria considered of lesser relevance to prevent the transmission, through food, of potentially resistant and virulent pathogens.
Sensory Attributes and Chemical Composition: The Case of Three Monofloral Honey Types from Algeria
Authors: Nakib Rifka , Ghorab Asma , Harbane Sonia , Saker Yasmine , Ouelhadj Akli , Rodríguez-Flores María Shantal , Seijo María Carmen , Escuredo Olga
Published: July 2024

There is a demand from the scientific, beekeeping and consumer sectors to characterize honey based on its botanical origin, as it provides unique and distinctive properties. Nevertheless, existing studies on the physicochemical properties and the sensorial profile of honey in relation to botanical origin remain insufficient. This study aimed to understand the relationships between sensory profile and various chemical compounds (minerals, sugars, water content and volatiles) of three monofloral honeys (Atractylis serratuloides, Retama sphaerocarpa and Eruca sativa) produced in Algeria using principal component analysis. Crystallization was detected as a distinctive attribute of Eruca and Atractylis honey. A candy aroma and odor with floral nuances, light color, crystallized state and the volatile compounds Alpha-Bisabolol and Beta-eudesmol characterized the Atractylis honey. Eruca honeys were distinguished by an animal and degraded odor, bitter taste, light color and the presence of Dimethyl trisulfide and Dimethyl tetrasulfide. Finally, a vegetal aroma, some saltiness and sourness, dark amber color, lower sugar content, higher K content and Lilac aldehyde and Lilac aldehyde D characterized Retama honeys.
Starch Characteristics and Amylopectin Unit and Internal Chain Profiles of Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Mogoginta Juan Giustra , Murai Takehiro , Annor George A.
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is arguably a major player in worldwide rice production. Though white rice is the most predominantly cultivated, red, brown, and red rice are also very common. These types of rice are known to have different cooking properties that may be related to differences in their starch properties. Investigating the starch properties, especially the fine structure of their amylopectin, can help understand these differences. This study aims to investigate the starch characteristics of some Indonesian rice varieties by evaluating the starch granule morphology and size, molecular characteristics, amylopectin unit and internal chain profiles, and thermal properties. Starches were extracted from white rice (long grain (IR-64) and short grain (IR-42)), brown rice, red rice, and black rice cultivated in Java Island, Indonesia. IR-42 had the highest amylose content of 39.34% whilst the black rice had the least of 1.73%. The enthalpy of gelatinization and onset temperature of the gelatinization of starch granules were between 3.2 and 16.2 J/g and 60.1 to 73.8 °C, respectively. There were significant differences between the relative molar amounts of the internal chains of the samples. The two white rice and black rice had a significantly higher amount of A-chains, but a lower amount of B-chains and fingerprint B-chains (Bfp) than the brown and red rice. The average chain length (CL), short chain length (SCL), and external chain length (ECL) were significantly longer for the red rice and the black rice in comparison to both the white rice amylopectins. The long chain length (LCL) and internal chain length (ICL) of the sample amylopectins were similar. Rice starches were significantly different in the internal structure but not as much in their amylopectin unit chain profile. These results suggest the differences in their amylopectin clusters and building blocks.
Ultrafiltration of Rapeseed Protein Concentrate: Effect of Pectinase Treatment on Membrane Fouling
Authors: Alpiger Simone Bleibach , Solet Chloé , Dang Tem Thi , Corredig Milena
Published: July 2024

Membrane filtration technologies have shown great potential as a gentle and effective method for concentrating and fractionating proteins for food applications. However, the application of this technology to plant-derived protein streams is in its infancy. In this study, an aqueous rapeseed protein concentrate was obtained with wet milling, and its performance during ultrafiltration with two distinct molecular weight cut-offs (10 and 100 kDa) was tested. All rapeseed proteins were retained during filtration. The addition of pectinase during extraction prior to filtration caused important structural modifications to the extract, resulting in increased permeate fluxes, increased carbohydrate permeation and a reduction in irreversible fouling. Lager pore sizes led to more pronounced fouling. FTIR analysis of the spent membranes showed that proteins and lipids are causing irreversible fouling.