bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WhatsApp-Based Focus Groups Among Mexican-Origin Women in Zika Risk Area: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Data Quality
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth , Koss Mary , Castro Luque Ana Lucía , Garcia David , Lopez Elise , Ernst Kacey
Published: May 2021

Background

Despite unprecedented advances in worldwide access to the internet via smartphones, barriers to engaging hard-to-reach populations remain in many methods of health research. A potential avenue for conducting qualitative research is via participatory web-based media, including the free, popular social platform WhatsApp. However, despite the clear advantages of engaging with participants over a well-established web-based platform, logistical challenges remain.

Objective

This study aims to report evidence on the feasibility and acceptability of WhatsApp as a method to conduct focus groups.

Methods

A pilot focus group was conducted with Spanish-speaking women near the US–Mexico border. The content focus was knowledge and perceived risks for exposure to the Zika virus during pregnancy.

Results

Evidence was obtained regarding WhatsApp as a low-cost, logistically feasible methodology that resulted in rich qualitative data from a population that is often reticent to engage in traditional research. A total of 5 participants participated in a focus group, of whom all 5 consistently contributed to the focus group chat in WhatsApp, which was conducted over 3 consecutive days.

Conclusions

The findings are noteworthy at a time when face-to-face focus groups, the gold standard, are risky or precluded by safe COVID-19 guidelines. Other implications include more applications and evaluations of WhatsApp for delivering one-on-one or group health education interventions on sensitive topics. This paper outlines the key steps and considerations for the replication or adaptation of methods.
The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standard: Systematic Literature Review of Implementations, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Pasha Muhammad F , Alzahrani Mohammed Y , Budiarto Rahmat , Stiawan Deris
Published: May 2021

Background

Information technology has shifted paper-based documentation in the health care sector into a digital form, in which patient information is transferred electronically from one place to another. However, there remain challenges and issues to resolve in this domain owing to the lack of proper standards, the growth of new technologies (mobile devices, tablets, ubiquitous computing), and health care providers who are reluctant to share patient information. Therefore, a solid systematic literature review was performed to understand the use of this new technology in the health care sector. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic literature reviews that focus on Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based electronic health records (EHRs). In addition, FHIR is the latest standard, which is in an infancy stage of development. Therefore, this is a hot research topic with great potential for further research in this domain.

Objective

The main aim of this study was to explore and perform a systematic review of the literature related to FHIR, including the challenges, implementation, opportunities, and future FHIR applications.

Methods

In January 2020, we searched articles published from January 2012 to December 2019 via all major digital databases in the field of computer science and health care, including ACM, IEEE Explorer, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. We identified 8181 scientific articles published in this field, 80 of which met our inclusion criteria for further consideration.

Results

The selected 80 scientific articles were reviewed systematically, and we identified open questions, challenges, implementation models, used resources, beneficiary applications, data migration approaches, and goals of FHIR.

Conclusions

The literature analysis performed in this systematic review highlights the important role of FHIR in the health care domain in the near future.
Electronic Video Consent to Power Precision Health Research: A Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Naeim Arash , Dry Sarah , Elashoff David , Xie Zhuoer , Petruse Antonia , Magyar Clara , Johansen Liliana , Werre Gabriela , Lajonchere Clara , Wenger Neil
Published: June 2021

Background

Developing innovative, efficient, and institutionally scalable biospecimen consent for remnant tissue that meets the National Institutes of Health consent guidelines for genomic and molecular analysis is essential for precision medicine efforts in cancer.

Objective

This study aims to pilot-test an electronic video consent that individuals could complete largely on their own.

Methods

The University of California, Los Angeles developed a video consenting approach designed to be comprehensive yet fast (around 5 minutes) for providing universal consent for remnant biospecimen collection for research. The approach was piloted in 175 patients who were coming in for routine services in laboratory medicine, radiology, oncology, and hospital admissions. The pilot yielded 164 completed postconsent surveys. The pilot assessed the usefulness, ease, and trustworthiness of the video consent. In addition, we explored drivers for opting in or opting out.

Results

The pilot demonstrated that the electronic video consent was well received by patients, with high scores for usefulness, ease, and trustworthiness even among patients that opted out of participation. The revised more animated video pilot test in phase 2 was better received in terms of ease of use (P=.005) and the ability to understand the information (P<.001). There were significant differences between those who opted in and opted out in their beliefs concerning the usefulness of tissue, trusting researchers, the importance of contributing to science, and privacy risk (P<.001). The results showed that “I trust researchers to use leftover biological specimens to promote the public’s health” and “Sharing a biological sample for research is safe because of the privacy protections in place” discriminated opt-in statuses were the strongest predictors (both areas under the curve were 0.88). Privacy concerns seemed universal in individuals who opted out.

Conclusions

Efforts to better educate the community may be needed to help overcome some of the barriers in engaging individuals to participate in precision health initiatives.
Piloting the SinergyAPS theory-based online intervention centred around the systematic patient feedback for improving patient safety in Primary Care: a mixed-methods feasibility study (Preprint)
Authors: Serrano-Ripoll Maria J , Fiol-DeRoque Maria A. , Valderas José M. , Zamanillo-Campos Rocío , Llobera Joan , Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , Pastor-Moreno Guadalupe , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Developing new strategies to support the provision of safer primary care (PC) is a major priority both internationally and in Spain, where around 3 million adverse events occur each year in the PC setting.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aims of this mixed-methods feasibility study were to examine the feasibility and to explore the acceptability and perceived utility of the SinergiAPS intervention, a novel low-cost and scalable theory-based online intervention to improve patient safety in PC centres, based on the use of patient feedback. The secondary aim was to examine the potential impact of the intervention to improve patient safety culture and avoidable hospitalizations in PC centres.

METHODS

We conducted a three-month, one-arm, feasibility trial in ten PC centres in Spain. Centres were fed back information regarding patients' experiences of safety (collected through PREOS-PC questionnaire) and were instructed to plan safety improvement actions based on it. We measured recruitment and follow-up rates, and intervention uptake (number of centres registering improvement plans). We explored the impact of the intervention on patient safety culture (MOSPSC questionnaire), and avoidable hospital admissions rate. We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine professionals to explore the acceptability and perceived utility of the intervention.

RESULTS

Of 256 professionals invited, 120 (47%) accepted to participate and 97 completed baseline and post-intervention measures. Of 780 patients invited, 585 (77%) completed the PREOS-PC questionnaire. Five centres designed 27 improvement actions. Most of the actions addressed treatment-related safety problems and consisted in the provision of training to PC providers. Compared to baseline, post-intervention MOSPSC scores were significantly higher (indicating a higher level of culture) for the safety culture synthetic index (3.36/5 at baseline vs. 3.44/5 at post-intervention (2% increase); p=0.01). No differences (p=0.11) were observed in avoidable admissions rate before (median (IQR)=0.78 (0.7 to 0.9) vs. after the intervention (0.45 (0.33 to 0.83)). The interviews revealed that the intervention was perceived as a novel strategy that could produce long-term safety improvements by raising their awareness and improving their technical knowledge about patient safety.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed intervention is feasible to deliver and perceived as acceptable and useful by PC professionals if the barriers identified are addressed. The effectiveness of the refined intervention will be assessed in a trial involving 59 centres.

CLINICALTRIAL

clinicaltrials.gov NCT03837912
Friedman Doctrine: Maximizing Profits is Neither Good for Society Nor Even for the Shareholders
Authors: Datta Y.
Published: May 2021

This paper is an attempt at a critique of Milton Friedman’s article titled: “A Friedman doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits” published in the New York Times Magazine fifty years ago. The publication of this doctrine sparked a revolution. Ronald Reagan found it a powerful platform from which to launch his radical free-market agenda. The event marked a turning point when America embarked on a journey towards unfettered capitalism.Encouraged by the Friedman doctrine American CEOs chose a path toward profit maximization/maximizing shareholder value: a mindset that favored risk aversion and a short-term focus on cost reduction vs. long-term need for innovation, quality and customer satisfaction. And it is this historic psychological shift that has contributed so much to America’s industrial decline.Economic inequality in America has been going up persistently since 1974, squeezing the middle class. America’s income inequality has now widened so much that it rivals the highest level recorded in 1928 that led to the Great Depression of 1929. Friedman’s essay has three major flaws. First, it is offered as a doctrine not a theorem. Second, it is grounded in the moral philosophy of self-interest—and greed. Third, it does not distinguish between short-term and long-term shareholders.Friedman’s theory of profit maximization is too difficult, too unrealistic--and immoral.Based on an extensive analysis, we have come to the conclusion that profit maximization is neither good for society nor even for the shareholders.
IZMEĐU LIBERALNO-DEMOKRATSKE REVOLUCIJE I NEOKONZERVATIVNE RESTAURACIJE SOCIOLOŠKE I GEOPOLITIČKE MARGINALIJE O 5. OKTOBRU
Authors: Mitrovic Ljubisa
Published: June 2021

Sa istorijske distance od 20 godina, vreme je da nauka kritički valorizuje uzroke, karakter i posledice petooktobarskih promena iz 2000. godine. Lukavstvo istorijskog uma, na raskršćima sveta, često se poigrava sudbinama naroda, društevnih klasa i pokreta. Takav je slučaj i sa petooktobarskim promenama i ulogom aktera u njoj. U skladu sa mišlju da se istorija čas pojavljuje u licu tragedije, a čas u formi farse, nije slučajno da postoje ambivalentne kontroverzne ocene uzroka a posebno učinaka/rezultata ovog događaja i od samih aktera. Ona se kreću u rasponu: da se radilo o pobuni naroda i liberalno-demokratskoj revoluciji, pa do svojevrsnom državnom udaru, antirevoluciji, koja je otvorila put restauraciji kapitalizma i desuverenizaciji i protektorizaciji zemlje. U radu se 5. oktobar demistifikuje kao simbol promena kroz analizu društveno-istorijskog i geopolitičkog konteksta uzroka i posledica ovog događaja i ponašanja političkih aktera, njihov uspon i pad na političkoj sceni. Analiza pokazuje da dobar deo aktera u ovim zbivanjima nije bio svestan svoje socijalne uloge, te da je u istorijskom metežu učestvovao sa „krivom svešću“ masa – zagledan u senku utvara a ne u sunce istine. Otuda danas kod „izvođača radova“ žal/lament za šestim oktobrom, a kod naroda/građana osećaj izdaje/prevare njihovih očekivanja i nada. Autor rad završava kritičkim pledoajeom ne samo za preispitivanjem uzroka i dometa petooktobarskih promena, već i traganjem za alternativnim projektom razvoja društva Srbije.
¿Gobernanza ambiental, desde dónde? La imbricación de la acción pública sobre los marcos culturales locales
Authors: Torres Alvarez Martha Marisol , Trench Tim , Márquez Rosano Conrado , Bello Baltazar Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: contrastar el discurso “universal” de los principios de la “buena gobernanza” ambiental con las percepciones locales para discutir su efectividad en relación con los marcos culturales. Metodología: empleando la teoría fundamentada y a través del uso de métodos mixtos, se recuperaron los significados de los principios de gobernanza en una región llamada La Suiza de Chiapas (Montecristo de Guerrero) y se midieron en el Grupo Intercomunitario de Acción Territorial (estudio de caso). Limitaciones: las particularidades del caso de estudio. Resultados: se explican y analizan al menos dos de los problemas que pretende atender la gobernanza ambiental: la falta de horizontalidad de la acción pública y las debilidades de la capacidad directiva. Valor: el estudio promueve una mejor discusión de la gobernanza ambiental como modelo de intervención. Conclusiones: los principios universales de dicha gobernanza no siempre coinciden con las percepciones locales, y las respuestas de los actores al modelo son reflejo de sus formaciones culturales y experiencias históricas.
Pearl Millet Blast Pathogen Virulence Study and Identification of Resistance Donors on Virulent Isolate
Authors: Rao K Bramareswara , Motukuri SR Krishna , Kumar K Arun , Babu CHVN Praveen , Pathak Vaibhav
Published: May 2021

Pearl Millet leaf Blast caused by Pyricularia grisea [teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea], is spreading at an alarming rate in the major Pearl millet growing geographies of India effecting grain yield and green fodder yield. Blast isolates collected from Jaipur, Alwar and Toopran regions of India and virulence study conducted to identify the most virulent isolate among the three isolates. Artificial screening for Blast conducted on a raised bed method utilising uniform Blast Nursery (UBN) method. Eleven Pearl Millet genotypes (ICMB01333, ICMB03444, ICMB03555, ICMB06111, ICMB95444, ICMB11666, ICMB14333, ICMB14666, ICMB97111, ICMR12888 and ICMR06444) were screened with three blast isolates utilising artificial screening method. Among the eleven genotypes, ten genotypes were showing susceptible to Jaipur isolate indicating that the Jaipur isolate having highest virulence among the three isolates. To identify Blast resistant donors for Jaipur isolate, a set of 93 genotypes containing of 45 maintainer lines and 48 restorer lines were screened under both UBN and field conditions (Jaipur, Rajasthan). Among all the lines evaluated, five lines are showing resistant reaction for Jaipur isolate with disease score less than 1.9. ICMR06444 from restorer background and IC414K14B5, IC594K16B5, RBB037 and IC6912K18B from maintainer background are identified as resistant lines. Identified lines can be utilised in pearl millet hybrid breeding programme.
Gram Positive Bacterial Lipoteichoic Acid Role in a Root Canal Infection – A Literature Review
Authors: Ramachandran Vinoo Subramaniam , Rathakrishnan Mensudar , Ravindrran Malathy Balaraman , Venkatesh Alargarsamy , Shanmugasundaram Vidhya Shankari , Kumaraguru Karpagavinayagam
Published: May 2021

Bacteria and its by-products are found to be the main cause of pulpal and periapical infection of tooth. Infected root canals of tooth harbours a wide variation of microbial flora that includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Bacterial components such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram negative bacteria and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of gram positive bacteria have the potential to enter the peri-apical tissue of tooth and initiate the inflammatory process. After microbial death that occurs either due to body’s defence cells or by antibiotic action, bacterial cell wall components such as LTA are released which can persist inside macrophages for prolonged periods causing chronic inflammation. Once these cell-wall components are recognized by the body immune surveillance cells, numerous inflammatory mediators are released leading to inflammation and subsequent pathological consequences. The purpose of this review is intend to summarize the role of gram positive bacterial component LTA in causing endodontic infection and use of potential therapeutic agents against LTA.
Identification, Speciation and Antibiogram along with Detection of Metallo Beta-lactamase Production in Acinetobacter Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chitrabanu N Ashwin , Mallya Shrikara
Published: June 2021

Acinetobacter species are gram negative non fermenters, which are important nosocomial pathogens involved in various outbreaks in hospitals due to widespread resistance to majority antibiotics. The aim of this study is to speciate Acinetobacter isolated from clinical samples, to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and to detect the production of metallo-β-lactamase by double disc synergy test. The study was conducted in the department of microbiology, A. J Institute of Medical Sciences. All clinical samples were subjected to gram stain & cultured; the Acinetobacter isolates obtained were subjected to antibiogram. Those isolates that showed Imipenem resistant were further tested for production of metallo-β-lactamase by double disc synergy test. Out of 6625 culture positive isolates, 414 (36.1%) were identified biochemically to belong to Acinetobacter species. Of the 414 cases, 393 (94.9%) were further identified to be Acinetobacter baumannii and the remaining 21 (5.1%) to be Acinetobacter lwoffi. Acinetobacter lwoffii showed 100% sensitivity to all the drugs. Of the 393 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates 109 (27.7%) showed resistant to Imipenem. Out of these 109 isolates, 65 (59.63%) were positive for metallo-β-lactamase production by double disk synergy test. The speciation is highly demanding and laborious but it’s important to be demonstrated due to difference in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter nosocomial strains in ICUs are detected to be more resistant to antibiotics. As shown in this study the metallo-β-lactamase producing A.baumannii isolates were 59.63% and therapeutic options were limited. Therefore early identification of metallo-β-lactamase producers is of great importance to start appropriate treatment and to control the spread.
Descumprimento de normas sanitárias na oferta de produtos de origem animal em e-commercee os riscos para a saúde pública
Authors:   Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, Souza Trindade da Silva Izadora , Alves Fernandes Thaís ,   Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, Marques dos Santos Tiago ,   Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, Alexandre Rey Matias Carlos ,   Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, Reis Pereira de Sousa Márcio ,   Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A comercialização de produtos de origem animal (POA) em marketplace sem a prévia inspeção e fiscalização expõe os consumidores a produtos que podem apresentar problemas de autenticidade, rotulagens inadequadas, fraudes ou não conformidades de ordem higiênicosanitária ou tecnológica, desrespeitando os direitos do consumidor, além da possibilidade de causar danos à saúde pública. Objetivo: Identificar e traçar o perfil dos produtos ofertados via e-commerce e verificar o cumprimento às normas de regulação sanitária de alimentos e de proteção e defesa do consumidor no Brasil. Método: Anúncios de venda de POA foram rastreados, enumerados e tabulados de forma qualitativa nas categorias: tipo de produto; carimbo oficial da Inspeção Sanitária e origem – divisão regional do país. Em seguida, os dados tabulados foram analisados e submetidos à estatística descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). Resultados: Foram identificados 498 POA sendo ofertados, e houve a predominância daqueles que não apresentavam o carimbo oficial de inspeção e fiscalização sanitária. Os produtos cárneos representaram a maioria dos produtos comercializados e, na categoria origem, a região Sudeste apresentou a maior frequência de anúncios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram o descumprimento à legislação sanitária. Conclusões: Foram identificadas diversas categorias de POA sendo ofertados de forma deliberada em descumprimento à legislação higiênico-sanitária para a produção e comercialização de produtos alimentícios.
Gestão das ações sanitárias das Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde: análise dos respectivos regramentos e códigos de vigilância sanitária
Authors:   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Sander Duarte Matta Alex , Helena Barbosa Teixeira Lindinalva ,   Consultora da Organização PanAmericana de Saúde (OPAS), Maceió, AL, Brasil, Iuri Alves de Sousa Artur ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A atuação da vigilância sanitária nos municípios, estados e no Distrito Federal foi estabelecida por meio de códigos de saúde, regulamentados por decretos e leis. Objetivo: Realizar um diagnóstico situacional quanto à composição e à estrutura organizacional nas 27 unidades federadas que compõem o Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS), por meio da análise da legislação sanitária vigente. Método: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo dos regramentos jurídicos, por meio de buscas ativas desses documentos, sendo estes analisados quanto a atributos correlacionados à ação da Vigilância Sanitária. Resultados: Observou-se que cerca de 30,0% foram publicados antes da Constituição de 1988, mas há regramentos mais recentes, como os do Piauí, do Rio Grande do Norte e do Distrito Federal, publicados na década de 2010. Observou-se que 88,9% dos regramentos abrangem ações integradas ao sistema de saúde, como assistência à saúde, vigilância epidemiológica, vigilância ambiental e saúde do trabalhador. Outros atributos se mostraram pouco presentes nos regramentos, como: os referentes às competências da rede laboratórios de saúde pública (48,1%), ao gerenciamento dos fatores de riscos (22,2%), ao financiamento (33,3%) e às taxas de fiscalização sanitária (18,5%). Conclusões:As legislações estaduais e do Distrito Federal estão amparadas em normas generalistas, que não mais atendem aos anseios da sociedade contemporânea nem a realidade dos determinantes e condicionantes de saúde de seu território. Portanto, verifica-se a necessidade de harmonização e modernização desses regramentos jurídicos, com a promoção de novos arcabouços jurídicos, capazes de produzir a segurança e a efetividade das ações de vigilância sanitária praticadas em cada território.
Monitoramento ambiental na manipulação de medicamentos oncológicos injetáveis à luz das normativas vigentes
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Controle de  Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação  Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio  de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Jacomelli Ramos Marcelle , da Nobrega Rito Priscila ,   Serviço de Assuntos Regulatórios,  Instituto de Tecnologia em  Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz  (Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz), Rio de  Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Viana Vieira Verônica ,   Laboratório Interdisciplinar de  Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo  Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Published: June 2021

A manipulação de medicamentos oncológicos injetáveis é uma atividade do segmento farmacêutico de grande relevância e complexidade. Requer ações de biossegurança para minimizar a contaminação ambiental e ocupacional e condições ambientais associadas à técnica asséptica para manutenção da esterilidade. São preparações extemporâneas, isentas de teste de esterilidade, sendo, portanto, necessário um controle rigoroso do processo de preparo. O monitoramento ambiental, exigência da normativa nacional de boas práticas de manipulação, é uma ferramenta utilizada para demonstrar que o ambiente de produção atende às exigências de qualidade. No entanto, a normativa não estabelece a forma de realizá-lo e nem o padrão de conformidade aceitável. Essa ausência de informação propicia a realização de ensaios sem padrão de referência, podendo o produto final ficar aquém das exigências quanto à segurança, integridade e confiabilidade. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho traz à luz as exigências das normativas internacionais quanto ao monitoramento ambiental na manipulação de medicamentos injetáveis traçando um contraponto com as principais normas e guidelines industriais nacionaise internacionais. Embora os produtos industrializados e manipulados por processo asséptico tenham que manter a mesma característica de esterilidade, observam-se divergências de métodos e limites aceitáveis de contaminação, questionando-se se é possível a flexibilização quanto as exigências de qualidade. Ressalta-se ainda a necessidade de a agência regulatória brasileira atualizar a normativa voltada para farmácia de manipulação de injetáveis, para que auxilie na efetiva implantação de um Programa de Monitoramento Ambiental de forma a contribuir para o fortalecimento do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade em Serviços de Saúde.
ÇALGI ÖĞRENMENİN SOSYOKÜLTÜREL YAŞAMA SAĞLADIĞI OLUMLU KATKILARI
Authors: ZİYAGİL Hakan Emre
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, toplum içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan sosyokültürel yapının oluşum süreçleri ve bu süreçleri olumlu yönde etkileyen müzik olgularının (çalgı çalma becerisi ve kazanımları) etkileri hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama (survey) modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma konusu kapsamında ele alınan çalgı becerisi ve öğrenmenin, sosyokültürel düzeyi nasıl geliştirdiği ve bireyin hangi aşamalardan geçerek bu seviyeye ulaştığına yönelik çeşitli betimlemelere yer verilmiştir. Literatür tarama tekniği kullanılarak ayrıntılı verilere ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise betimsel analiz yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Toplumları oluşturan bireylerin kişisel gelişimleri konusunda birçok özellik sunularak çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bu özellikler arasında “öz saygı”, “bilişsel faktörler”, “aile kültür düzeyi” gibi birçok başlıkların açıklamasına da yer verilmiştir. Yaşadığımız çağda gelişen teknoloji sayesinde müziğin ve buna bağlı becerilerin, örneğin çalgı çalma becerisinin, dünyadaki farklı topluluklar arasındaki etkileşimde oynadığı önemli roller bu çalışmada ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Toplumların genel kültür seviyesi ve sanat dallarından müziğe olan bakış açısının ne denli önemli olduğu ayrıntılarıyla birlikte vurgulanarak açıklanmıştır. Kültür, sosyalleşme, sanat gibi kavramların toplumu oluşturan bireyler arasındaki etkileşimi ele alınarak bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bireylerin birleşerek toplumu meydana getirmesi sürecinde ortaya çıkan sanatsal aktivitelerin, sosyokültürel seviyeyi ne denli etkilediği ve hangi yöne evirildiği konusunda kapsamlı gözlemler yapılarak ve bazı sonuçlara ulaşılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Sosyokültürel kavramı ile müzik becerilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesinin, araştırma kapsamına yönelik somut ve ayrıntılı verilerin elde edilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
POLA ASUH ORANGTUA PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK TIGA SERANGKAI DESA MEUREUBO KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Mainnah Muth - , Fajriah Heliati , Roemin Luthfiani
Published: May 2021

Pola asuh merupakan suatu proses membimbing, mendidik, dan mendisiplinkan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua pada anak untuk mencapai kemandirian dengan menerapkan norma-norma tertentu yang ada dalam keluarga dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pola asuh orangtua pada anak usia dini di TK Tiga serangkai Desa Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 56 % atau 10 orangtua menerapkan pola asuh demokratis, 33 % atau 6 orangtua menerapkan pola asuh permisif, dan 11 % atau 2 orangtua menerapkan pola asuh otoriter. Dari hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pola asuh demokratis merupakan pola asuh yang paling banyak diterapkan oleh orangtua anak di TK Tiga Serangkai Desa Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat.
Textile metemorphosis
Authors: Embroillage Studio
Published: June 2021

This is a draft
Increased Healthcare Utilization with Preferred Medication Changes in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Huddleston Christina
Published: May 2021

Severe asthma patients have a higher likelihood of emergency department
visits and hospitalizations when there is a change in their preferred
inhaled corticosteroid. Working to keep their preferred ICS consistent
is crucial in reducing overall health care costs.
Structure-based survey of ligand binding in the human insulin receptor
Authors: Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Vizgaudis Whitney , Kumar Lokender
Published: May 2021

The insulin receptor is a membrane protein responsible for regulation of
nutrient balance and therefore an attractive target in the treatment of
diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Pharmacology of the insulin receptor
involves two distinct mechanisms, (1) activation of the receptor by
insulin mimetics that bind in the extracellular domain and (2)
inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity in the
cytoplasmic domain. While a complete structural picture of the
full-length receptor comprising the entire sequence covering
extracellular, transmembrane, juxtamembrane and cytoplasmic domains is
still elusive, recent progress through cryoelectron microscopy has made
it possible to describe the initial insulin ligand binding events at
atomistic detail. We utilize this opportunity to obtain structural
insights into the pharmacology of the insulin receptor. To this end, we
conducted a comprehensive docking study of known ligands to the new
structures of the receptor. Through this approach, we provide an
in-depth, structure-based review of human insulin receptor pharmacology
in light of the new structures.
Role of Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events in diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Ma Hua , Gu QIng , Niu Huining , Li Xiaohua , Wang Rong
Published: May 2021

Background: The use of Aspirin in the primary prevention of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a topic of debate, especially in
patients with diabetes. The present meta-analysis aims to rule out the
efficacy of Aspirin in patients with diabetes and to compare the
effectiveness of Aspirin with a placebo (or no treatment) for the
primary prevention of CVD and all-cause mortality events in people with
diabetes. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search was
conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Cinahl (via Ebsco), Scopus, and Web
of Sciences from 1988 to December 2020. A detailed literature search was
conducted using Aspirin, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and
efficacy to identify trials of patients with diabetes who received
Aspirin for primary prevention of CVD. Demographic details with the
primary outcome of events and bleeding outcomes were analyzed. The risk
of bias (RoB) in included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool.
Results: A total of 5 studies out of 13 were included with 23,570
diabetic patients; 11,738 allocated to Aspirin and 11,832 allocated to
the placebo group. In patients with diabetes, there was no difference
between Aspirin and placebo with respect to the risk of all-cause death
with a confidence interval (CI) varying 0.63 to 1.17. In addition, there
were no differences in the bleeding outcomes with an odds ratio of
1.4411 (CI 0.47 to 4.34). Conclusion: Aspirin has no significant risk on
primary endpoints of cardiovascular events and the bleeding outcomes in
diabetic patients compared to placebo. More research on the use of
Aspirin alone or in combination with other antiplatelet drugs is
required in patients with diabetes to supplement currently available
research.
Enhanced catalytic efficiency and universality of L-amino acid deaminase achieved by a shorter proton transfer distance
Authors: Wu Yaoyun , Zhang Sheng , Song Wei , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Hu Guipeng , Zhou Yiwen , Liu Liming , Wu Jing
Published: May 2021

L-amino acid deaminase (LAAD, EC 1.4.3.2) catalyzes the deamination of
α-amino acids. At present, sustainable enzymatic α-keto acids synthesis
remains limited by the low catalytic efficiency of wild-type LAADs. In
this study, catalytic mechanism was elucidated, and catalytic distance
D1 between the substrate αC-H and the cofactor FAD N(5) was identified
as the key factor limiting efficiency of Proteus mirabilis PmiLAAD.
Shortening the distance via protein engineering improved catalytic
efficiency toward six selected amino acids. The two variants with the
best catalytic properties were W1, which exhibited a preference for
short-chain aliphatic amino acids and charged amino acids, and W2, which
showed a preference for large aromatic amino acids and sulfur-containing
amino acids. The mutated residues in the two variants altered the
binding pose of the substrate, α-hydrogen was improved to be more
perpendicular against the plain of the isoalloxazine ring causing the
angle between the substrates’ αC-H, FAD N(5), and FAD N(10) to approach
90°, and thus shortened the distance. Finally, W1 and W2 were cascade in
one Escherichia coli cell to obtain strain S3, which exhibited
conversion >90% and yield >100 g/L toward all
selected substrates. These results provide the basis for improving
industrial production of α-keto acids via microbial deamination of
α-amino acids.
Splenosis mimicking gastric obstructive tumor. Diagnostic workup.
Authors: Rompou Vaia-Aliki , Korkolis Dimitrios , Skafida Evelina , Tsamis Dimitrios , Plastiras Aris
Published: May 2021

Splenosis is a condition that occurs after splenic rupture. A 29
year-old male patient with a history of splenectomy, was admitted due to
multiple vomiting episodes. The diagnostic workup was unable to
differentiate between gastric GIST and splenosis. Laparoscopic surgical
resection was performed leading to the diagnosis of splenosis.
Measurable residual disease-based strategy and reduced-intensity hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in children
Authors: Sawada Akihisa , Tokimasa Sadao , Yasui Masahiro , Sato Maho , Higuchi Kohei , Shimizu Mariko , Kondo Osamu , Kawa Keisei , Inoue Masami
Published: May 2021

Background. Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful prognostic
factor in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We previously
conducted a prospective study on an MRD-based strategy for the treatment
of children with AML, and its significance has been reported. The
present retrospective study is a pooled analysis of 34 patients who were
registered after the completion of the previous study. Procedure.
Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) followed by allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIC-HSCT) was adopted to
increase survival rates and minimize toxicities. The strategy was also
refined with a minor modification, with WT1 expression levels in
peripheral blood, as an MRD marker after a 2nd course of chemotherapy
(consolidation course 1), being measured in addition to WT1, chimeric
mRNA, and aberrant surface markers in bone marrow. Results. Five-year
relapse-free and overall survival rates were 76.5 and 85.2%,
respectively. RIC-HSCT was safely and effectively performed on
MRD-positive patients. Among patients who underwent RIC-HSCT,
re-emerging/rising MRD and high levels of MRD before HSCT were risk
factors for disease relapse early after HSCT. Conclusions. The MRD-based
strategy and RIC-HSCT worked well for children with AML.
HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood transplantation following RIC may be
a promising candidate for further study on patients at very high risk of
relapse.
Novel and extendable genotyping system for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus based on whole-genome sequence analysis
Authors: Chen Jiani , Qiu Xueting , Shepard Samuel , Kim Do-Kyun , Hixson James , Piedra Pedro , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Bahl Justin
Published: June 2021

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the
leading causes of respiratory infections, especially in infants and
young children. Previous RSV sequencing studies have primarily focused
on partial sequencing of G gene (200-300 nucleotides) for genotype
characterization or diagnostics. However, the genotype assignment with G
gene has not recapitulated the phylogenetic signal of other genes and
there is no consensus on RSV genotype definition. Methods: We conducted
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 10 RSV individual genes
and whole-genome sequence (WGS) that are published in GenBank. RSV
genotypes were assigned by the statistical support monophyletic clusters
with at least 10-year detection time from the WGS phylogeny. Results: In
this study, we first statistically examined the phylogenetic
incongruence, rate variation for each RSV gene sequence and WGS. We then
proposed a new RSV genotyping system based on a comparative analysis of
WGS and the spatial and temporal distribution of each lineage. We also
provided an RSV classification tool to perform RSV genotype assignment.
Conclusions: This revised RSV genotyping system will provide important
information for disease surveillance, epidemiology, and vaccine
development.
What is Crafts Entrepreneurship? The Development of its Definition Through Entrepreneurs` and Consumers` Perceptions
Authors:   Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Smagina Anzelika , Ludviga Iveta ,   RISEBA University of Applied Sciences
Published: June 2021

Defining craft entrepreneurship has been a challenge for many scholars and researchers in different countries. Not only because of the multidimensional nature of entrepreneurship, but also because of the differences in national regulations setting boundaries for each sector of the economy. Thus, in some countries, craft is a part of the Creative Industries, but in others it is considered as an independent sector of the economy. Understanding what craft is and how craft products can be differentiated and defined has also been a daunting task. Thus, consolidating theoretical knowledge on entrepreneurship and craft entrepreneurship gained from the literature with the results of an empirical study carried out among craft entrepreneurs and consumers of craft products, this study aims to conceptualize craft entrepreneurship and to develop propositions for the definition of craft entrepreneurship by integrating the meaning attributed to craft entrepreneurship and its specifics by craft entrepreneurs with the perception and meaning assigned to craft products and services by consumers. This study applies qualitative methodology and data gathered using semi-structured interviews and open-ended survey questions. 20 craft entrepreneurs represent a perspective of entrepreneurs about entrepreneurship and its specifics in the craft sector, whereas 445 consumers reflect the opinion of the general public about craft and craft-related products. The results of the study indicate that craft entrepreneurship is undoubtedly connected to handmade products, national traditions, small ventures and craft markets and fairs, where craft entrepreneurs commercialize their produce. Although numerous scholars have already attempted to conceptualize craft entrepreneurship theoretically, the contribution of this study is in its integrated application of theoretical and empirical data reflecting the perspectives of entrepreneurs and consumers.
Genotype-Structure-Phenotype Correlations of Disease-Associated IGF1R Variants and Similarities to Those of INSR Variants
Authors: Hosoe Jun , Kawashima-Sonoyama Yuki , Miya Fuyuki , Kadowaki Hiroko , Suzuki Ken , Kato Takashi , Matsuzawa Fumiko , Aikawa Sei-Ichi , Okada Yukinori , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Hanaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Susumu , Shojima Nobuhiro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi
Published: June 2021

We previously reported genotype-phenotype correlations in 12 missense variants causing severe insulin resistance, located in the second and third fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains of the insulin receptor (INSR), containing the α-β cleavage and part of insulin-binding sites. This study aimed to identify genotype-phenotype correlations in FnIII domain variants of IGF1R, a structurally related homolog of INSR, which may be associated with growth retardation, using the recently reported crystal structures of IGF1R. A structural bioinformatics analysis of five previously reported disease-associated heterozygous missense variants and a likely benign variant in the FnIII domains of IGF1R predicted that the disease-associated variants would severely impair the hydrophobic core formation and stability of the FnIII domains or affect the α-β cleavage site, while the likely benign variant would not affect the folding of the domains. A functional analysis of these variants in CHO cells showed impaired receptor processing and autophosphorylation in cells expressing the disease-associated variants but not in those expressing the wild-type form or the likely benign variant. These results demonstrated genotype-phenotype correlations in the FnIII domain variants of IGF1R, which are presumably consistent with those of INSR and would help in the early diagnosis of patients with disease-associated IGF1R variants.
Evaluación de una propuesta didáctica basada en el trabajo por proyectos para conocer el patrimonio de Cartaya desde la cultura gastronómica: concepciones y perspectivas docentes
Authors:   Universidad de Huelva, España, Raposo Camacho Rocío , Gómez Hurtado Inmaculada
Published: June 2021

Durante el curso 2019/2020 se realiza un estudio de caso en un centro educativo de la localidad onubense de Cartaya, acogido al proyecto “Los niños se comen el futuro”. Se busca evaluar una Propuesta Didáctica, basada en el Trabajo por Proyectos y la integración holística del patrimonio, desde la cultura gastronómica, a partir de las concepciones de docentes de la etapa de Educación Primaria. La muestra la conforma el equipo docente de la etapa y las técnicas de recogida de información son la observación participante, la entrevista, el grupo de discusión y el análisis documental. Los resultados revelan el escaso tratamiento que se le otorga al patrimonio en la educación formal y el buen acogimiento de propuestas metodológicas activas e innovadoras, como la que se presenta, para acercar al alumnado a su entorno, permitiéndole establecer lazos identitarios.
STATUS PEWARISAN TRANSEKSUAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM WARIS ADAT MINANGKABAU
Authors: Dewi Judiasih Sonny , Feronia Salim Elycia , Putri Andany Hidayat Agitha , Kurniawan Cynthia , Meirizka Rifny , Anandini Firsty
Published: May 2021

Abstrak

Seiring perkembangan zaman, dewasa ini terdapat orang yang berkeinginan mengubah jenis kelaminnya yang disebut sebagai transeksual. Faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang menjadi transeksual selain dari faktor hormonal dapat juga terjadi karena pengaruh faktor lingkungan. Dalam hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah dalam segala aspek hukum dan bidang kehidupan salah satunya terkait dengan pewarisan bagi transeksual. Di Indonesia, eksistensi hukum adat terutama dalam hal waris masih diakui. Masyarakat adat khususnya adat Minangkabau yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai dan norma agama Islam tentunya menolak keberadaan transeksual di lingkungan mereka dan dengan ditolaknya keberadaan transeksual di Adat Minangkabau, transeksual tidak berhak dalam pewarisan dalam waris adat khususnya di Minangkabau. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menjelaskan dan menganalisis tentang pewarisan transeksual dalam Hukum Waris Adat Minangkabau.

Kata Kunci : agama, hukum adat, hukum waris, transeksual

Abstract

Along with the times, there are people who wants to change their sex, which is called transsexual. Factor that cause a person to become transsexual aside from hormonal factors can also occur due to the influence of environmental factors. On the other hand returning to norms and religion is considered to violate the norms and values of custom and religion, in this case, it will cause problems in all aspects of law and life, one of which is related to inheritance for transsexual. In Indonesia, the existence of Adat Law esspecialy in heir matter still recognized. Indigenous peoples especially Adat Minangkabau, who uphold Islamic religious values and norms naturally reject the existence of transsexual in their environment. There fore, transsexual are not entitled to inhertitance in Adat Minangkau in inheritance. The purpose in this paper is to find out, explain, and analyze abput transsexual inhertitance in Minangkabau Adat Law.

Keyword : adat law, inheritance adat law, religion, transsexual