bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Childhood Trauma, Communication Patterns, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help
Authors: St-Pierre Bouchard Jade , Brassard Audrey , Lefebvre Audrey-Ann , Dugal Caroline , Lafontaine Marie-France , Savard Claudia , Daspe Marie-Ève , Péloquin Katherine , Godbout Natacha
Published: December 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and multifactorial public health problem associated with important physical and psychological repercussions. Recent studies suggest that cumulative childhood trauma (CCT) may be related to higher IPV perpetration through dysfunctional communication patterns, but to our knowledge, no study has tested this proposition in a clinical population. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect links between CCT and perpetrated IPV through dysfunctional communication patterns among 577 men seeking help from community centers specializing in IPV. Prior to receiving services, participants completed a battery of questionnaires including validated brief measures of CCT (sexual, physical, and psychological abuse; physical and psychological neglect; witnessing of physical and psychological parental violence; bullying), communication patterns (demand/demand, partner demands/man withdraws, man demands/partner withdraws), and IPV (psychological, physical, coercive control). Results from a path analysis reveal that having sustained a higher number of different forms of childhood trauma is directly related to men’s higher risk of perpetrating psychological IPV. CCT is also indirectly related to higher perpetrated psychological and physical IPV and coercive control through a higher report of the demand/demand communication pattern and a higher report of the man demands/partner withdraws communication pattern. The tested model explains 23% of the variance in psychological IPV, 6% of the variance in physical IPV, and 12% of the variance in coercive control. Results highlight the importance of assessing, in therapy, both distal and proximal variables associated with IPV, including the accumulation of many forms of childhood interpersonal trauma, and to tailor trauma-informed interventions that promote constructive communication strategies.
Obedience to Authority: Attitudes of Prison Officers in Stalinist Poland, 1944–1954
Authors: Machcewicz Anna
Published: December 2022

In this article, I adopt the following hypothesis: the prison system in Poland of 1944–1956 was the effect of an imposed legal framework and administrative regulations that demoralized and destroyed the personal value system of the prison staff. I study the behavior of wardens in a situation of constant pressure and ideological control. I ask who were the people who created the prison system in Poland and how the penal system absorbed and shaped them. I use documents from the collection of the Prison Management Department of the Ministry of Public Security and the Central Prison Administration of the Ministry of Interior. I confront the emerging picture of attitudes and behaviors of prison officers with behavioral models developed by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo based on their experiments conducted in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. In the first section, I present the legal and organizational issues of the prison system and the recruitment process for its employees. Next, I present the scope of professional and ideological formation of new staff and analyze the consequences of such preparation for the functions of a prison officer. In the following paragraphs, I reflect on what strategies of discomfort repression did the officers in Stalinist penal institutions assume. Moreover, I consider the scope and sources of their violence toward prisoners.
Bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression from 5th to 11th grade
Authors: Weidmann Rebekka , Atherton Olivia E , Robins Richard W
Published: December 2022

A widely held belief among laypeople and psychologists suggests that self-esteem and relational aggression (i.e., perpetration and victimization) are associated over time. The present study examines the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across 6 years, using two types of longitudinal models (latent cross-lagged panel models and latent random intercepts cross-lagged panel models) to separate between- and within-person effects. Six hundred and seventy-four Mexican-origin youth reported their global and domain-specific self-esteem and relational aggression (perpetration and victimization) in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh grades. Our findings suggest that: (a) being a perpetrator is prospectively associated with later lower opposite-sex relationships self-esteem at the between-person level, (b) lower self-esteem in the domain of honesty-trustworthiness is prospectively associated with becoming a perpetrator and a victim at the within- and between-person level, (c) lower global self-esteem is prospectively associated with higher victimization at the between-person level, and (d) being victimized is not prospectively associated with later global or domain-specific self-esteem, at neither the within- nor the between-person level. The present study provides little evidence for the widely held belief about the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across time but demonstrates the complexity of these associations on the between- and within-person level.
A novel measurement approach based on optical coherence tomography for inline quality assessment of thermoplastic glass-fiber reinforced unidirectional tapes
Authors: Wenninger Michael , Marschik Christian , Felbermayer Karoline , Heise Bettina , Kranzl Thomas , Steinbichler Georg
Published: December 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been found to be a powerful method for non-destructive testing of glass-fiber reinforced polymeric composites. Various authors have investigated the use of OCT in offline lab-scale detection of fiber orientation and defects in thermoset-based composites. This work evaluated the potential of OCT as a technique for detecting common defects in the continuous production of thermoplastic glass-fiber reinforced unidirectional (UD) tapes. Measurements were first conducted with a stationary OCT sensor using a spectral domain system to investigate: (1) insufficiently impregnated fiber regions, (2) unfilled gaps, (3) polymer accumulations causing fiber/matrix irregularities, and (4) rough tape surfaces. Optical microscopic analysis was used for validation. To overcome the limited maximum field of view of modern OCT setups, we then developed a novel inline test rig to accurately simulate process conditions and measure across the whole tape width. We show that OCT is a reliable method for acquiring cross-section information on tape quality both at the lab scale with a stationary sensor and inline with a sensor moving across the tape surface. Our OCT measurements were in excellent agreement with our offline microscopic investigations. OCT is a powerful, non-destructive and high-resolution method for quality assessment of glass-fiber reinforced UD tapes and has great potential for use in inline quality assurance systems.
Emotional Intelligence Profiles and Job Search Correlates in the Context of the School-to-Work Transition
Authors: Pirsoul Thomas , Parmentier Michaël , Nils Frédéric
Published: December 2022

The current study adopted a person-centered approach to explore emotional intelligence profiles among 1582 university students and investigated whether different combinations of self-focused (i.e., intrapersonal) and other-focused (i.e., interpersonal) emotion appraisal and regulation emerged between women and men. We also examined the relations of these profiles with job search self-efficacy and job search clarity. Four distinct profiles emerged for the women and men that differed in terms of level and shape. Furthermore, these profiles predicted job search self-efficacy significantly for the women and men, but they predicted only job search clarity among the men. These results provide evidence about the importance of differentiating profiles of emotional intelligence between women and men and to be particularly attentive to gender stereotypes. Second, these results open new avenues for tailor-made career counseling interventions for university students facing the school-to-work transition.
Free vibration analysis and prediction modeling of delaminated tapered FRP composite plates
Authors: Moorthy Venkatesan , Marappan Karthikeyan
Published: December 2022

Delamination (the separation between plies) is a common failure in Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminated composites. The presence of delamination reduces the structural stiffness and changes in dynamic responses. The change in dynamic parameters can be successfully used for assessing structural health monitoring (SHM) for composite structures. SHM requires large amount of numerical/experimental data. This study focuses on the influence of the delamination parameters (size and in-plane location) on vibration behavior of a laminated tapered fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite plate with ply drop-off. Furthermore, developing a surrogate model as a fast-executing model to predict the shift in the natural frequency to reduce the computational effort for solving forward problems. The layerwise theory (LWT) has been used, and the delamination is modeled by “constrained mode” were solved using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical model was validated with an experimental modal analysis of tapered plates without delamination to make the model more robust. The effect of delamination was studied using surface plots produced using response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the delamination size and location significantly affect the natural frequency shift. The RSM and ANN models were considered as surrogate models, and it was evaluated using an experimental modal analysis. The results shows that the single-output ANN model can predict the shift in the natural frequency with a minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
Statistical analysis and multi-criteria optimization of fused deposition additive manufacturing process for acrylic butadiene styrene parts
Authors: Dev Saty , Srivastava Rajeev
Published: December 2022

The current market trend and customer requirement are to find excellent quality products within shortest manufacturing time. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the processing conditions that affect the product’s quality before the actual manufacturing of the product. This study aims to experimental analysis and multi-criteria optimization of fused deposition additive manufacturing (FDAM) process for differently shaped acrylic butadiene styrene material parts. Five process variables such as raster angle, infill density, layer thickness, nozzle temperature and print head speed are considered which vary at three levels. A total of 33 experiments have been designed based on central composite design method. The surface roughness, manufacturing time and improved dimensional accuracy are considered as the response parameters in this study. Mitutoyo SJ-410 roughness tester, stopwatch and electronic digital Vernier caliper gauge are used to record the surface roughness, manufacturing time and dimensional variation, respectively. The multi-criteria optimization was performed through the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Grey relational analysis (GRA) techniques. Concerning TOPSIS, the improvement in responses are obtained as, surface quality of concave (Racc) 8.85%, convex (Racv) 18.43%, manufacturing time (MT) 11.11%, dimensional improvement in length (δl) 1.60%, width (δw) 0.47% and height (δh) 0.46%. Similarly, the improvement found in same responses through GRA approach are Racc 7.85%, Racv 10.34%, MT 7.69%, δl 10.05%, δw 6.50% and δh 28.20%, respectively. The experimental results show that, the optimized parameters provide up to 18.43% improvement in surface quality, 11.11% saving in manufacturing time with a significant reduction in dimensional variation. The findings of this study will help the designers of functional parts to improve the quality of designed product.
Fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer performance in microchannel heat sinks: A review
Authors: Jan Misba , Butt Mohammad Mursaleen , Hassan Mohammad Muzaffarul
Published: December 2022

The hydraulic and thermal characteristics of fluid flow in microchannels have advanced applications for the thermal management of electronic devices. There has been a wide development in the field of research concerning experimental procedures as well as numerical analysis of fluid flow in microchannels over the past decade. This article provides an overview of overall experimental and numerical studies in recent years to obtain clear understanding of various parameters affecting the fluid flow and heat transfer performance in microchannels. Furthermore, the article will come in handy for the researchers and scientists dealing with the basic correlations and some dimensionless parameters governing the hydrodynamic as well as thermic behavior of fluid flow in microchannels. This article underlines the recent studies on nanofluids in this specific area; additionally, it has encapsulated the influence on thermal performance by numerous designs of MCHS such as fins, ribs, etc. The latest research has revealed that there is a little agreement over the literature provided by experimental and theoretical analyses. Eventually, the conclusions drawn from this study and future prospective of research in this area have been thoroughly discussed.
Forecasting United Kingdom's energy consumption using machine learning and hybrid approaches
Authors: Bala Dahiru A , Shuaibu Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Investigating the current and future dynamics of energy consumption in modern economies such as the UK is crucial. This paper predicts the UK's energy consumption using data spanning January 1995 to March 2022 by comparing and evaluating the forecast performance of machine learning, dynamic regression, time series and combination modelling techniques. The analysis reveals that the seasonal ARIMA and TBATS hybrid models yield the lowest forecast errors in predicting the UK's electricity and gas consumption. Although the combination forecasts performed poorly relative to other models, machine learning techniques such as neural network and support vector regression produced better results compared to the dynamic regression models, whereas the seasonal hybrid model performed better than the machine learning and time series models. The results indicate that the UK's electricity consumption would either stabilise or decline over the forecast horizon, suggesting that it will take some years for electricity consumption to attain pre-2019 levels. For gas consumption, the results indicate that consumption would either maintain current levels or increase over the forecast period. We also show that combination forecasts do not often generate the best predictions, and therefore, choice of methodology matters in energy consumption forecasting. Overall, changing seasonal patterns, energy efficiency improvements, shift to renewable sources and uncertainties due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, and the Russia–Ukraine crisis appear to be significant drivers of energy consumption in the UK in recent times. These findings are expected to help in designing more effective energy policies as well as guide investor decisions in the energy sector.
Spatiotemporal accessibility by public transport and time wealth: Insights from two peripheral neighbourhoods in Malmö, Sweden
Authors: Vitrano Chiara , Mellquist Linnea
Published: December 2022

This paper contributes to the understanding of spatiotemporal accessibility inequalities by exploring how the current public transport (PT) provision affects the time wealth of PT users living in two peripheral neighbourhoods in Malmö. The paper investigates time-related resources and constraints that concur in defining accessibility inequalities, identifies forms of temporal disadvantage and privilege and addresses the relevance of recognizing and meeting the multiple time-related needs of (potential) PT users. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates results from a thematic analysis of interviews and from a GIS spatiotemporal accessibility analysis of PT schedules to understand whether and how the current PT provision (a) allows users to carry out the desired or needed activities by PT in the time available to them, (b) is harmonized with their spatiotemporal access needs and (c) supports or hinders the users’ ability to control their travel time. The paper suggests that, in the observed cases, the PT provision provides unequal opportunities for faster connections and information, exposing some users to time-related transport disadvantage. Also, the current PT provision does not always seem to be harmonized with the participants’ access needs, especially during off-peak hours. The findings highlight the importance of taking into consideration the time wealth of (potential) PT users with different access needs, resources, and constraints, with the aim to both tackle transport disadvantage and support the adoption of sustainable modal choices. The study provides directions for further spatiotemporal accessibility research and for urban time and mobility policies.
Heuristic responses to pandemic uncertainty: Practicable communication strategies of “reasoned transparency” to aid public reception of changing science
Authors: Hodson Jaigris , Reid Darren , Veletsianos George , Houlden Shandell , Thompson Christiani
Published: December 2022

Scientific uncertainty during pandemic outbreaks poses a challenge for health communicators. Debates continue over the extent to which health officials should be transparent about uncertainty and the extent to which they should suppress uncertainty and risk losing the public’s trust when information changes. The middle ground, the concept of “reasoned transparency,” proposes that communicators focus on interpreting uncertainty to the public in ways informed by risk research. However, little guidance exists for health officials on how to do so in this context. After conducting a series of one-to-one interviews about people’s coronavirus disease 2019 information habits, we identified significant trends in the heuristics that people depended on to process uncertainty. Based on those trends, we propose health communicators use narratives of science as evolving to set expectations for change, and that when changes do occur, health communicators note divergences from the past and avoid simply replacing old information with new information.
Book review: Sharat Sabharwal, 2022. India’s Pakistan Conundrum: Managing a Complex Relationship
Authors: Ghuman Ranjit Singh
Published: December 2022

Sharat Sabharwal, 2022. India’s Pakistan Conundrum: Managing a Complex Relationship. Rutledge, Taylor & Francis Group, x + 228 pp., ₹995. ISBN 9781032374314.
Unilateral Cleft lip and Palate: Long-Term Results of the Malek Technique
Authors: de Buys Roessingh Anthony , Robert Yohann , Despars Josée , Zbinden-Trichet Chantal , Herzog Georges , Broome Martin , El Ezzi Oumama
Published: December 2022

To review at 18 years-old the results of surgery and follow-up of children born in our hospital with unilateral cleft lip and palate (uCLP). They were operated at the time by the same surgeon, following the same primary surgical procedure (Malek).

Retrospective cohort study.

Tertiary Children's Hospital.

All children born with uCLP between 1996 and 2001 and operated in our hospital. Syndromic children were excluded.

Results of the primary surgery, ear–nose–throat interventions, maxillo-facial surgery and final phonatory results.

Seventy-nine files of children born with a cleft were reviewed: 34 were taken into consideration for uCLP: 15 right and 19 left. They were operated in two stages, following the inverse Malek procedure. Sixty per cent had a fistula. Eighty-eight percent had grommets. Ninety-seven percent had an alveolar graft at a median age of nine (5-10) and 22% underwent a Le Fort osteotomy. Seven percent were operated for a pharyngeal flap, 29% for a secondary lip surgery at a mean age of 12.8 and 29% for a late rhinoplasty at a mean age of 14.8 years. A median of 5.7 multidisciplinary consultations was realized with a median number of general anesthesia of 7.1 (4-13).

This retrospective study shows that the Malek procedure for children born with uCLP is related to a high risk of fistula but good long-term phonatory results. Twenty percent of children were operated for a Le Fort procedure and one-third for a secondary lip procedure and rhinoplasty.
Comparison of Open-Access, Trough-Only Online Calculators Versus Trapezoidal Method for Calculation of Vancomycin Area Under the Curve (AUC)
Authors: Keil Elizabeth , Wrenn Rebekah H. , Deri Connor R. , Slaton Cara N. , Shroba Jenny , Parish Alice , Erkanli Alaattin , Spivey Justin
Published: December 2022

Background:

Vancomycin area-under-the-curve (AUC) monitoring is associated with reduced nephrotoxicity but may increase cost and workload for personnel compared to trough monitoring.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of vancomycin AUC calculated by open-access, online, trough-only calculators to AUCs calculated by the trapezoidal method (TM) using peak and trough concentrations.

Methods:

This retrospective, multi-center study included adults ≥18 years old with stable renal function who received vancomycin with steady-state peak and trough concentrations. Areas under the curve calculated by TM were compared to AUCs calculated by 3 online calculators using trough-only options for calculation: ClinCalc, VancoVanco, and VancoPK. The primary outcome was actual difference in AUC between TM and the online calculators. Secondary outcomes were percent difference in AUC and clinical alignment in dose adjustments between methods.

Results:

Seventy patients were included for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in AUC between TM and ClinCalc (median actual difference: −52, P < 0.001) and VancoVanco (median actual difference: 95, P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between TM and VancoPK (median actual difference: −0.8, P = 0.827). Discordant dose adjustments were indicated when comparing ClinCalc, VancoVanco, and VancoPK to TM in 28%, 36%, and 12% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

The AUC calculator most closely aligned with TM was VancoPK, whereas other included calculators were statistically different. Owing to the cost and complexity of obtaining multiple levels, our findings support using a single steady-state trough using VancoPK as an alternative to TM for calculation of vancomycin AUC.
Supremely Simple Trinity and Contemporary “Natural Theology”: Bonaventure Beyond Jenson and Plotinus
Authors: Stringer Clifton
Published: December 2022

In this article I voice and defend Bonaventure's argument from divine simplicity to the Trinity from two versions of its negation, one Christian (Robert Jenson) and one subordinationist/Platonist (Plotinus). I point out that Bonaventure's supremely simple Trinitarianism has internal purchase on the Plotinian system: he makes available arguments that should pull subordinationist Christians/Platonists in the direction of his own view. Moreover, I observe that Bonaventure's metaphysical arguments in favor of the Trinity—exactly those that have purchase on Plotinian systems—would be available, however surprisingly, within contemporary “natural theology.”
Adenoid Basal Carcinoma with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Component of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kitamura Sho-ichi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kobayashi-Kato Mayumi , Kikkawa Nao , Tanase Yasuhito , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu
Published: December 2022

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is rare cancer with a favorable prognosis. However, some ABCs are associated with other histological types, such as squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we present a case of a mixed tumor of ABC and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the cervix, with a detailed immunohistochemical study and literature review. We describe a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent cervical cancer screening that led to the detection of a 0.7 cm nodular lesion. Cervical punch biopsies revealed a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cervical conization revealed a mixed carcinoma composed of ABC and ACC, showing stromal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and positive resection margins. Immunohistochemically, the ACC components were positive for KIT and αSMA and negative for NKX3.1. The tumor presented with proficient mismatch repair (MMR) and was negative for HER2, PD-L1, and TRKA (NTRK1). Subsequent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection revealed the presence of residual tumor cells in the cervix. Our literature review identified six similar cases, including one patient who died of disease recurrence. We report a rare tumor comprising both ABC and ACC. Prognostic data on mixed tumors are scarce; however, given the aggressive nature of ACC, attention should be paid to the detection of mixed tumors. Since ABC and ACC histology may overlap, adequate sampling and IHC for detecting ACC would be helpful.
Clinicopathologic Features and the Loss of ARID1A Expression in Ovarian Seromucinous Borderline Tumors and Seromucinous Carcinomas
Authors: Ok Atılgan Alev , Özen Özlem , Haberal Reyhan A. Nihan , Ayhan Ali
Published: December 2022

The current study highlighted the ARID1A and SALL4 expression and described histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of ovarian seromucinous tumors (SMTs) including borderline tumors (SMBTs) and seromucinous carcinomas (SMC; namely as endometrioid carcinoma with mucinous differentiation according to WHO 2020 classification). The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 38 SMTs were analyzed, including ARID1A, SALL4, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), TP53, keratin 7, keratin 20, CEA, CDX2, WT1, PAX2, and PAX8. SMCs and SMBTs comprised 68.4% (n = 26) and 31.6% (n = 12) of all SMTs, respectively, studied. The mean age of diagnosis was 47.4 years and 41.4 years, and the mean size was 9 cm and 7.45 cm for SMC and SMBT, respectively. There was endometriosis or endometriotic cyst in 61.5% of SMCs and 50% of SMBTs. Immunohistochemically, loss of ARID1A staining was observed in 15 (65.2%) of 26 SMCs, and 3 (33.3%) of the 12 SMBTs. Only one SMC showed focal SALL4 positivity. All SMTs were positive for ER, PR, PAX8, and keratin 7. SMTs were negative for WT1, keratin 20, CDX2, and CEA (negative in 66.7% to 92.3% of the cases). While all SMBTs and 24 (92.3%) of 26 SMCs exhibited “wild-type” TP53 staining, 2 (7.7%) SMCs, both were stage III, showed mutant type TP53 overexpression. We indicate there is a similarity between SMC and SMBT according to the immunohistochemical features. SMBTs are keratin 7, ER, PR positive tumors, and some of them have loss of ARID1A expression and are likely to develop in the background of endometriosis similar to SMC.
Performance of a vibration isolator with sigmoidal force-deflection curve
Authors: Gatti Gianluca , Svelto Cesare
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a theoretical insight on the performance of a vibration isolator consisting of a combination of linear mechanical springs arranged to achieve a specific form of geometric nonlinearity. In particular, positive and negative stiffness nonlinearities are combined to achieve a sigmoidal shape of the force-deflection curve, which is proven to be beneficial for vibration isolation purposes when the amplitude of vibration is relatively large. Such behaviour is fundamentally different from that of the classical quasi-zero-stiffness isolator, which presents a low dynamic stiffness at the equilibrium configuration and is thus effective for relatively low amplitude of vibration. The analytical findings are validated by numerical simulations, providing useful guidelines for the design of such isolators.
Investigating the impact of typical bridge transverse dislocations on the running performance of high-speed trains
Authors: Liu Shaohui , Xu Tianxin , Jiang Lizhong , Zhou Wangbao , Yu Jian , Liu Xiang , Ren Zhenbin
Published: December 2022

Bridge dislocations are hard to be voided in the operation of high-speed trains, which will lead to abnormal vibration of trains. In this study, the train–track–bridge interaction theory was adopted to develop and validate a three-dimensional coupled train–track–bridge vibration model using the finite element method. Thereafter, the influence of the dislocation amplitude on the dynamic performance of high-speed trains under five typical bridge additional transverse dislocation modes was investigated utilizing the overrun probability analysis approach. The results showed that the dislocation amplitude significantly affects the transverse dynamic behavior of high-speed trains, but it has a considerably smaller impact in the vertical direction when exposed to five typical bridge transverse dislocation modes. Moreover, under constant dislocation amplitude, the transverse parallel misalignment of the girders has the greatest influence on the running performance of high-speed trains. Although all the running performance indicators did not exceed the limit in the transverse unilateral cornering condition of the girder, speed control was suggested to guarantee operational stability. At various vehicle speeds, dislocation thresholds for the transverse symmetrical cornering, transverse parallel cornering, transverse misalignment, and transverse parallel misalignment were provided based on probabilistic guarantee rates utilizing the transverse Sperling index as the control index.
Dehumanized, Violated, and Powerless: An Australian Survey of Women's Experiences of Obstetric Violence in the Past 5 Years
Authors: Keedle Hazel , Keedle Warren , Dahlen Hannah G.
Published: December 2022

Globally, significant numbers of women report obstetric violence (OV) during childbirth. The United Nations has identified OV as gendered violence. OV can be perpetrated by any healthcare professional (HCP) and is impacted by systemic issues such as HCP education, staffing ratios, and lack of access to continuity of care. The current study explored the experiences of OV reported in a national survey in 2021 by Australian women who had a baby in the previous 5 years. A content analysis of 626 open text comments found three main categories: “I felt dehumanised,” “I felt violated,” and “I felt powerless.” Women reported bullying, coercion, non-empathic care, and physical and sexual assault. Disrespect and abuse and non-consented vaginal examinations were the subcategories with the most comments.
The Hormesis Model for Building Resilience Through Adversity: Attention to Mechanism in Developmental Context
Authors: Oshri Assaf
Published: December 2022

In developmental science, resilience refers to children and youths’ ability to recover and pursue positive development in the face of stress related to adversity. Extant research has documented protective factors and ecological contexts that mitigate the impact of adversity and thereby promote resilience. One intriguing aspect of resilience is that individuals also develop strength in response to early adversity. However, very little theoretical guidance exists on the developmental mechanisms and contexts through which early adversity may lead to strengthening effects that confer the process of resilience. The strengthening mechanism in the context of specific circumscribed environmental stress is a process known in the field of toxicology as hormesis. It is proposed here that the study of resilience in developmental and psychological sciences can benefit from shifting more attention to the hormesis model. The hormesis model is reviewed and discussed as a promising perspective on mechanisms, developmental timing, and context through which adversity strengthens or impedes resilience.
Destination Competitiveness and Human Development: The Compelling Critical Force of Human Agency
Authors: Croes Robertico , Kubickova Marketa , Ridderstaat Jorge
Published: December 2022

The study investigates whether governance and human agency act as intervening factors in the context of destination competitiveness and human development. This study employs the capability approach—that is, operationalizing human agency from an empowerment (feminist) perspective—and employed a case study research strategy to highlight the criticality of context. The results point to a bidirectional relationship between destination competitiveness and human development. Findings support three requisites: empowering people through occupational opportunities, promoting tourism toward sustaining human development, and placing agency over governance regarding public resource allocation. Surprisingly, results indicated that governance is lacking in the relationship between destination competitiveness and human development. Future research should concentrate on investigating urban versus rural destinations and gender roles, and in disaggregating employement indices to further understand the nature and forces of such relationships.
Oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis following botulinum toxin injection for masseter hypertrophy – a case report with literature review
Authors: Khor Hui Gim , Effendi Irina , Lott Pooi Wah , Wan Ab Kadir Azida Juana , Samsudin Amir
Published: December 2022

Objective

To report a rare complication of oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis following botulinum toxin injection for masseter hypertrophy.

Case Presentation

A previously healthy 31-year-old man presented with a two-week history of left eye (OS) ptosis and diplopia, following botulinum toxin injection over the masseter area for masseter hypertrophy at an aesthetic centre. He had no proptosis or facial asymmetry. Visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye (OD) and 6/9 in the OS. There was anisocoria, with pupils measuring 3 mm in the OD and 5 mm in the OS but no relative afferent pupillary defect. OS appeared hypertropic in primary gaze with impaired intorsion. Extraocular movement of the OS was restricted in all gazes, except for laevoversion; that of the OD was normal. This was associated with diplopia in all gazes except on laevoversion. Both eyes’ anterior and posterior segment examinations were otherwise unremarkable. Besides the oculomotor and trochlear nerve, the other cranial nerves and neurological examinations were normal. Investigations including blood and cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of the brain, were normal. Our impression was left oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis secondary to botulinum toxin injection. He was started on oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg daily and tapered by 5 mg per week. His condition improved gradually with no residual ptosis or anisocoria after three months. Extraocular movements normalised except for minimal residual restriction on depression.

Conclusion

Oculomotor and trochlear nerve neuritis can occur following botulinum toxin injection over the masseter area. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this potential complication before offering the injection.
Humanitarianism and racial capitalism in the age of global shipping
Authors: Khalili Laleh
Published: December 2022

In what ways does humanitarianism uphold racial capitalism? The article draws on and expands Cedric Robinson’s arguments about the relationship between humanitarianism and racial capitalism in his Black Marxism. It does so by focusing on the Mission to Seafarers in the countries of the Persian/Arabian Gulf. The Mission has worked alongside state institutions and businesses, both before and after independence from Britain, to facilitate maritime trade through these Arabian ports. In the context of seafarer exploitation, these institutions – the extractive, the governing and the caring – need to ensure worker productivity to facilitate racial accumulation of capital. I argue that the Mission acts as part of the structure of political economic order to produce a racially striated, capitalist politics of care to individuated and atomised seafarers, acting to conciliate conflicts between seafarers and shipowners, maintain seafarer productivity and diminish the possibility of collective mobilisation.
Risk factors for 1-year mortality after postoperative deep sternal wound infection
Authors: Hämäläinen Eero , Laurikka Jari , Huhtala Heini , Järvinen Otso
Published: December 2022

Background and aims:

A deep sternal wound infection is a life-threatening complication after cardiac surgery. This study was conducted to describe the mortality associated with postoperative deep sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery and to find risk factors linked to increased mortality in 1 year follow-up.

Material and Methods:

A total of 7973 open-heart surgeries were performed at Tampere University Hospital. Deep sternal wound infection patients were identified, their 1-year mortality status was recorded, and the related risk factors were analyzed.

Results:

We detected a total of 129 (1.6%) postoperative deep sternal wound infection patients. The 1-year mortality associated with a postoperative deep sternal wound infection was 20.2%. No preoperative or perioperative, statistically significant factors associated with increased 1-year mortality were found. A prolonged stay in an intensive care unit after surgery as well as stroke, delirium, wound secretion, and co-infection were associated with increased 1-year mortality.

Conclusion:

The risk factors found for increased 1-year mortality were all postoperative. The quality of surgical treatment as well as precise postoperative care and evaluation remain the most important factors to decrease later mortality due to deep sternal wound infections.
Influence of hexagonal scanning strategy island size on microstructure, residual stress, and corrosion behavior of 17-4 PH SS made by L-PBF
Authors: Sarma I Kartikeya , Selvaraj N , Kumar Adepu
Published: December 2022

17-4 Precipitation-hardened steel has attracted worldwide attention due to its applications. In the manufacture of 17-4 PH SS using SLM, several parameters play an important role. In the present study, the hexagonal island sizes were varied as 1.25-2.5-3.75-5-6.75-7.5-8.75-10 mm to understand the microstructure, microhardness, residual stresses, and corrosion behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steel fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion with a scan rotation angle of 90°. The results indicate that the average time per layer decreases as the island size increases. The quality of the surface increased with a decrease in hexagonal island size as scan length reduced. The hardness varied with island size and higher hardness was exhibited due to fine grain size. The medium island size microstructure consists of regular molten pools and lower heat accumulation. Large and small molten pools were observed on the front and side surface respectively for samples with different hexagonal island sizes. Austenite phase was detected in all samples with the highest intensity at hexagonal inside out sample with an island size of 2.5 mm at 43.500°. Both hexagonal samples with 2.5 mm island size and 10 mm samples almost exhibit ɣ-austenite phase in the finer grain size area, as per EBSD orientation maps. The residual stresses increased as the hexagonal island size increased because when a large island size is used, it produces a long scanning track with a weak pre-heating effect, resulting in a high-temperature gradient and high residual stress. Higher corrosion resistance was obtained for 2.5 mm hexagonal scan strategy island size because of finer grain size and lower defects.
A fully blind and adaptive filter method to solve the inverse problem in vibration-based gear damage detection
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Tao , Wang Jiaxu , Wu Lei , Zhao Yike , Liu Zhiwen , Wang Tao
Published: December 2022

In vibration-based gear damage detection, the fault signatures are usually corrupted by noise and convolution of vibration transmission channels. Deconvolution techniques have been widely studied to solve the inverse problem for restoring fault signatures. The mainstream methods, however, often fail due to the requirement of prior knowledge about fault signatures or the experience-based determination of filter parameters. In this paper, a fully blind and adaptive filter method is proposed. Specifically, a new criterion is defined, and the filter method is formulated as a maximization problem based on the criterion. The detailed deduction and pseudo-code for iteratively solving the problem are presented. Moreover, the filter method embeds an advanced swarm intelligence algorithm—that is, the grey wolf optimizer to achieve the adaptive determination of the optimal filter parameters according to the signals. In this context, it is a fully blind and adaptive filter method without requiring any prior knowledge and experiences about the target signatures to pre-determine filter parameters. Analysis results of a simulated signal and the comparisons with several state-of-the-art methods show the effectiveness of the proposed method for restoring the repetitive fault impulses from the mixed signal containing complex interferences. Fault-injection experiment and engineering application are carried out and the results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for solving the inverse problem in gear damage detection.
Deviant peers: Does friendship stability condition the peer-delinquency link?
Authors: Ouellet Marie , Daigle Leah , Gallupe Owen
Published: December 2022

Prior research demonstrates a clear association between deviant peers and delinquent behavior, but it is unclear whether stable relationships provide stronger sources of influence than ephemeral ties. The current study addresses this gap by testing whether individuals are more likely to adjust their delinquent behaviors to be similar to their stable friends compared to their transient affiliations. Drawing from network data in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we use Stochastic Actor Oriented Models to estimate whether stable friendships condition the peer-delinquency link. Our results suggest the stability of friendships does not impact whether an individual will adopt the delinquency of their friends; adolescents were not more or less likely to conform to their stable and enduring friends compared to their transient and short-lived ties. We discuss the study's implications for understanding peer effects and status-seeking behaviors during adolescence.
Persistence of Nontraditional Undergraduate Online Students: Towards a Contemporary Conceptual Framework
Authors: Stephen Jacqueline S
Published: December 2022

Since the mid-1970s, researchers have provided theoretical frameworks that continue to be used today to explain persistence and attrition of nontraditional undergraduate students in higher education. Previous frameworks emphasized specific skills nontraditional undergraduate students need upon admission into an online program to support their persistence. Recent research has confirmed the importance of these skills to student persistence in an online program. While these frameworks remain relevant, none reflect advancements and developments that have shaped today’s online learning environment. The characteristics of nontraditional undergraduate online students and programs have evolved over the years. Hence, this article introduces a modified Contemporary Persistence Model, predicated on existing frameworks, and informed by the results of recent research into nontraditional undergraduate online students. The projected growth in online learning, coupled with the increased interest among nontraditional undergraduate students to enroll in online programs, necessitates a persistence model that is aligned with the contemporary needs of students.
Opposite Roles of Co-enzyme Q10 and Formaldehyde in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Xu Jinan , Jin Xingjiang , Ye Zuting , Wang Dandan , Zhao Hang , Tong Zhiqian
Published: December 2022

Most of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have no cure. The common etiology of neurodegenerations is unclear. Air pollutant-gaseous formaldehyde is notoriously known to induce demyelination and cognitive impairments. Unexpectedly, an amount of formaldehyde has been detected in the brains. Multiple factors can induce the generation and accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde. Excessive formaldehyde can induce oxidative stress to generate H2O2; in turn, H2O2 promote formaldehyde production. Clinical investigations have shown that an abnormal high level of formaldehyde but low level of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) was observed in patients with NDD. Further studies have proven that excessive formaldehyde directly inactivates coQ10, reduces the ATP generation, enhances oxidative stress, initiates inflammation storm, induces demyelination; subsequently, it results in neurodegeneration. Although the low water solubility of coQ10 limits its clinical application, nanomicellar water-soluble coQ10 exhibits positive therapeutical effects. Hence, nanopackage of coQ10 may be a promising strategy for treating NDD.
Stop Being So Negative: Favorable Outcome and Response to Immune Therapies in Antibody-Negative Probable Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Gaspard Nicolas
Published: December 2022

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Surgical Resection Combined with Sclerotherapy Treating Maffucci Syndrome’s Venous Malformation in Head and Neck Region
Authors: Shen Yuchen , Su Lixin , Wang Zhenfeng , Fan Xindong , Wang Deming
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Here, we report our experience treating a patient with Maffucci syndrome and evaluate the outcomes resulting from surgical management combined with sclerotherapy in the treatment of head and neck venous malformations (VMs). A 19-years-old woman with multiple enchondromas and heterauxesis complained of masses in the oral cavity that had gradually increased in size and eventually affected her daily life. A tracheotomy was performed followed by traditional sclerotherapy to treat the oropharyngeal VMs. Next, we surgically excised the VMs of the oral cavity and maxillofacial skin. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the oral VMs were nearly eradicated and the oropharyngeal VMs had stabilized. The patient’s appearance and normal maxillofacial region function were restored. Conclusion: In summary, local resection combined with sclerotherapy facilitated timely and efficient VMs removal from the head and neck region of a patient with Maffucci syndrome.
Feasibility of Increasing Occupation-Based Assessment Using the Knowledge to Action Framework
Authors: Hahn Bridget , Fisher Heidi , Hansen Piper , Kottorp Anders
Published: December 2022

The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is a standardized occupation-based measure; however, barriers often limit use in practice. The Knowledge to Action Framework (KTA) is one of the most widely used implementation approaches to induce practice change. The objective of the study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a KTA-informed intervention to increase the use of the AMPS. AMPS-trained occupational therapists were recruited through convenience sampling. Interventions included workshops, action planning, goal setting, peer support, and organizational resources. Recruitment and retention were tracked. Pre- and post-survey results of interventions’ helpfulness, AMPS behaviors, and motivational changes informed acceptability. Participants ( n = 5) rated 7/7 (100%) intervention strategies as helpful, reported decreased barriers and increased frequency of AMPS administration, increased resources for AMPS implementation, and improved compatibility with practice. Implementation of a KTA-informed intervention to increase AMPS practice was feasible and supported by environmental changes and peer support in a physical rehabilitation setting.