bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faster Kriging: Facing High-Dimensional Simulators
Authors: Lu Xuefei , Rudi Alessandro , Borgonovo Emanuele , Rosasco Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

How can one make a large and complex model fast and “small”? The simulation literature has extensively addressed this problem, and the kriging method has proven to be one of the most successful methods to deal with complex simulators. In “Facing High-Dimensional Simulators: Faster Kriging?,” Xuefei Lu, Alessandro Rudi, Emanuele Borgonovo, and Lorenzo Rosasco propose a new kriging implementation, called “fast kriging,” that copes with dimensionality issues, allowing one to deal with data sets coming from simulators with thousands of inputs.
An Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Model to Explore the Influence of Attitudinal and Perceptual Factors on Shared Mobility Choices and Their Value of Time Estimation
Authors: Li Weibo , Kamargianni Maria
Published: December 2019

This work studies how the usage of shared mobility services could be influenced by latent factors. An integrated choice and latent variable model is adopted to explore the effects of three attitudinal and perceptual factors on bike- and car-sharing choices while simultaneously investigating the causes associated with each of the latent variables. A group of Chinese commuters’ stated preference mode choice data are collected. It is found that the probability to choose bike-sharing could be positively affected by “willingness to be a green traveler” and “satisfaction with cycling environment,” and car-sharing choice is positively correlated with “advocacy of car-sharing service.” By taking into account the interaction effects between the latent variables and travel time of the two services, a significant difference is discovered on the estimated value of travel time savings (VTTS) compared with other more restrictive model specifications. The finding highlights the importance to derive different VTTS for travelers with differentiated attitudes and perceptions as the tastes toward travel time spent could vary substantially. In other words, there would be different trade-off preferences across attitudinal groups, according to which transport service operators could customize their strategies on prices and levels of service offered.
Body Size of Wood Ant Workers Affects their Work Division
Authors: Véle Adam , Modlinger Roman
Published: December 2019

The division of functions among ant workers and their mutual cooperation is one of the reasons for ants’ success. The activities that workers perform in the nest can be divided by age or morphology. We studied the body size of workers of the wood ant Formica polyctena as a function of their activity. Our results show that workers exploiting protein baits were larger than workers attracted to carbohydrate baits. The biggest of all were workers located at the upper parts of the nest, which shows the importance of nest defense and maintenance. It also points that the distribution of functions does not have to be given only by workers age. Work division based on several mechanisms may be advantageous for colony functioning.
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Gomphrena
celosioides Mart. Grown in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Van Thuy Nguyen , Tien Nguyen Minh , Quy Nguyen Ngoc , Lam Tri Duc , Kieu Linh Huynh Thi , Trieu Ly Hai , Minh Le Van , Quan Pham Minh , Bui Le Minh , Truc Tran Thanh , Muoi Nguyen Van
Published: December 2019

Gomphrena celosioides Mart. is well known for its medicinal values worldwide. In this study, three extracts, viz. diethyl ether extract (DEE), ethanolic extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE), were successively obtained from the leaves and stem of Gomphrena celosioides to determine the polyphenol and flavonoid content in this plant. A wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, tannin and polyphenol compounds were present in Gomphrena celosioides. The results of quantitative determination showed that total polyphenol content of DEE,
EE and AE reached 35.35 ± 1.47, 250.17 ± 2.95 and 133.92 ± 3.17 mgGAE/g, respectively. Moreover, total flavonoid content of the DEE, EE and AE was 23.21 ± 1.87, 50.74 ± 2.32 and 27.25 ± 1.34 mgQE/g, respectively. In comparison with DEE and AE, the ethanolic extract exhibited the highest DPPH (IC50 = 13.29 ± 0.10 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 6.3 ± 0.11 μg/mL).
Physico-Chemical Properties of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed Oil from Vietnam
Authors: Mai Huynh Cang , Nguyen Duy Chinh , Thuong Nhan Nguyen Phu , Bach Long Giang
Published: December 2019

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil was studied for physico-chemical characteristics and chemical composition. Through gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID) process, the fatty acid composition in the oil was analyzed, revealing that the oil is rich in linoleic acid (42.62 %), linolenic acid (36.32 %) and oleic acid (11.64 %). The tocopherol level in the oil was also high (7.7 ± 0.005 mg/Kg), revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible detector (HPLC/UV-VIS). The physico-chemical properties of the oil were also examined, including viscosity (88-92 cP), acid value (2.05 ± 0.005 mg KOH/g), saponification content (183.5 ± 1.45 mg KOH/g)
and iodine value (192.4 ± 1.55 g I2/100 g). The results also indicated that sacha inchi is a health beneficial oil due to the high contents of essential fatty acids (ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9).
Anti-HIV, Antitubercular and Antibacterial Activities of Novel
3-(Substituted Quinazolinylamino)-2-phenyl quinazolin-4(3H)ones
Authors: Sulthana M.T. , Chitra K. , Alagarsamy V.
Published: December 2019

In the present study, we have synthesized a series of novel 2-phenyl-3-(substituted
quinazolinylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by the reaction of 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazinoquinazoline-4(3H)-ones with 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. The starting material 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazinoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized from various primary amines. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antitubercular, anti-HIV and antibacterial activity against different Grampositive
and Gram-negative strains by agar dilution method. Among the test compounds,
3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (BQZ6) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (BQZ7) shown most potent antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with the MIC of 3 μg/mL. The compound BQZ7 exhibited the antitubercular activity with the MIC of 25 μg/mL and anti-HIV activity with the MIC of 35.4 μg/mL against HIV1 and HIV2 and offers potential lead for further optimization and development to new antitubercular and anti-HIV agents. The results from this study confirm that the synthesized and biologically evaluated quinazolines showed promising
antimicrobial, antitubercular and anti-HIV activities and are new scaffolds for antimicrobial activity
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Activity of Transition
Metal Substituted Polyoxometalate-β-Cyclodextrin Composites
Authors: Samannan Bharath , Selvam Jothi , Thavasikani Jeyabalan
Published: December 2019

A novel hybrid composite, namely {[VIV+PMo11O40]⊂[β-CD]} which shows the high percent of apoptosis of MTT assay of A549 cell line (lung cancer) in different concentrations. The composite has been characterized using techniques such as FT-IR, EPR, SEM, EDS and X-ray diffraction. The anticancer (lung cancer A549 cell line) was investigated using direct microscopic observations for drug treated cell line and IC50 value of 1.93. The apoptosis of 45.37 % cell death in cell line of minimum concentration (3.12 μg/mL) shows the good viability of β-CD-POM against lung cancer A549 cell
line.
Effects of Development and Ripening Stage on Phytochemical
Compositions, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Date Palm Fruits
Authors: Bentebba F.Z. , Ghiaba Z. , Saidi M. , Bensasi C.
Published: December 2019

Edible parts of two dates cultivars (Deguel ahmar and Tanslit) at four maturation stages khellal, besser, rutab and tamr were analyzed for their phytochemical composition (total phenolic, total flavonoid and condensed tannins contents) as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro using scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical and ferric reducing power.
Antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against five pathogenic bacterias trains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus ATCC 3315, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 7320. Results suggested that the content of these phytochemicals are very important at khellal stage and then decreased during maturation followed by a decrease in the antioxidant activity.
NbCl5 and AgClO4 Promoted Regio-Selective Acylation of Indoles
Authors: KAMBLE NARENDRA R. , PAWAR HARI R. , KAMBLE VINOD T.
Published: December 2019

In present study, an efficient and simple strategy towards chemo-selective and regio-selective acylation of indole using NbCl5 and AgClO4 catalyst are reported. This method utilizes the catalytic potentiality of NbCl5 and AgClO4 towards acylation of unprotected indoles in a synergistic manner. The combination of these catalytic system results into numerous advantages such as excellent yields of product, short reaction times and easier isolation of products.
Comparative Study of Cytotoxic Activity of Nano Silver Against A549 and L929 Cell Lines
Authors: Samrat K. , Sharath R. , Chandraprabha M.N. , Krishna R. Hari , Preetham R. , Harish B.G.
Published: December 2019

Studies in recent years are focussed on anticancer drugs which can selectively induce cell death with less toxicity to normal cells. The present work therefore aims at exploring the potential of nano silver as selective anticancer drug by comparing its cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) and mouse normal fibroblast cell line (L929) in vitro. Nano silver was synthesized by both chemogenic (AgNP-C) and biogenic (AgNP-B) method and characterized by using PXRD, SEM and TEM. In order to assess the molecular mechanism involved in cytotoxicity, apoptosis inducing effect of nano silver was assessed by Annexin V/PI staining, cell cycle analysis and caspase-3 expression study. From the results, it was confirmed that A549 cells treated with nano silver showed decreased cell viability (AgNP-C: 173.5 ± 2.51 μg/mL, AgNP-B: 29.2 ± 0.22 μg/mL) compared to L929 cells (AgNP-C: 317.2 ± 3.43 μg/mL, AgNP-B: 622.3 ± 1.6 μg/mL), indicating lower toxicity of nano silver towards normal cells. Apoptotic study, cell cycle analysis and caspase-3 studies showed decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax mitochondrial genes facilitating release of cytochrome c (cyt c) into cytosol by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential indicating induction of cell death in A549 cells through mitochondrial mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Present investigation provides conclusive evidence for application of biogenic nano silver as a potential candidate for anticancer drug development.
Metodologias Ativas no Ensino Profissional: Um Olhar Docente / Active Methodologies in Vocational Education: The Teacher's View
Authors: Oliveira Diana Clementino de , Silverio Norma Nancy Emanuelle , Amorim Samuel Ilo Fernandes de , Tauceda Karen Cavalcanti
Published: December 2019

O presente objetivou analisar o uso de metodologias ativas no ensino profissional nas Escolas de Ensino Profissional do município de Iguatu/CE, a partir de um olhar docente. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, seguindo um roteiro com perguntas norteadoras. Para a análise das informações provenientes das entrevistas, ultilizou-se o software Interface de R pour L Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes L de Questionnaires, versão 0.7 alfa 2. Os docentes evidenciaram o potencial das metodologias ativas na transformação de um aluno mais ativo, autônomo, protagonista e reflexivo no processo de aprendizagem, além de apontarem como fragilidade a falta de conhecimento prévio dos alunos e de interesse e percepção em relação a contribuição das metodologias ativas na construção de uma aprendizagem significativa. Observou-se que os docentes não adotam o uso de metodologias ativas em sua prática docente. Mais estudos nessa área faz-se necessário para fomentar as possibilidades de trabalho com metodologias ativas no processo de aprendizagem.
Aportes teórico- metodológicos para un estudio complejo de la representación política de las mujeres
Authors: Bedin Paula
Published: December 2019

Los estudios que analizan la representación política de las mujeres han utilizado las afirmaciones de la teoría de la masa crítica como marco metodológico para el análisis empírico. La principal tesis de esta teoría es que una mayor representación descriptiva de las mujeres representantes provoca un cambio de política en favor de los intereses y los derechos de las mujeres. No obstante, recientemente han surgido nuevos posicionamientos teóricos que se presentan como antagónicos a la teoría de la masa crítica. Estas perspectivas prestan mayor atención principalmente a las dimensiones sustantivas y simbólicas al proponer un análisis enfocado en cómo se construyen discursivamente. Si bien este paradigma se presenta cómo opuesto al de la masa crítica, en el presente artículo, sostendremos que es necesario producir una articulación entre ellos para entender en toda su complejidad la representación política de las mujeres.
Effect of Type of Carbon Matrix on Tribological Properties of C C Aircraft Brake Discs
Authors: Rao Jingade Gururaja , Selvam Ponnusamy , Sinnur K. H.
Published: December 2019

Four type of Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composite brake discs (A, B, C, D) were manufactured using different process routes, using spun yarn graphitised carbon fabric as reinforcement. These discs were densified with different types of carbon matrices derived from different precursor materials. C/C brake disc of type A is having carbon matrix derived from pitch precursor, type B has a mixture of resin and pitch derived carbon matrices, type C has a combination of resin derived, pyro and pitch derived carbons and type D has pyro and pitch derived carbon matrices. Friction and wear performance of these brake discs were studied by simulating aircraft landing braking energies (normal and over load) corresponding to one interface using disc-on-disc dynamometer. It was found that the type of carbon matrix influences the nature of friction film formed, which in turn affects the wear rate of C/C brake discs. It was also discussed how the matrix characteristics affected the mechanical properties and the friction film formed affect the coefficient of friction of each type of disc.
Simulation of Fragmentation Characteristics of Projectile Jacket Made of Tungsten Alloy after Penetrating Metal Target Plate using SPH Method
Authors: Cheng Chun , Du Zhonghua , Chen Xi , Xu Lizhi , Du Chengxin , Han Jilong
Published: December 2019

A smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model was used to simulate the fragmentation process of the jacket during penetrator with lateral efficiency (PELE) penetrating the metal target plate to study the fragmentation characteristics of PELE jacket made of tungsten alloy. The validity of the SPH model was verified by experimental results. Then the SPH model was used to simulate the jacket fragmentation under different impact velocity and thickness of target plate. The influence of impact velocity and thickness of target plate on the jacket fragmentation was obtained by analysing the mass distribution and quantity distribution of the fragments formed by the jacket. The results show that the dynamic fragmentation of tungsten alloy can be simulated effectively using the SPH model, Johnson-Cook strength model, maximum tensile stress failure criterion and stochastic failure model. When the thickness of target plate is fixed, the greater the impact velocity, the greater the pressure produced by the projectile impacting the target plate; with the increase of impact velocity, the mass of residual projectile decreases, the number of fragments formed by fragmentation of jacket increases linearly, and the average mass of fragments decreases exponentially. When the impact velocity is constant, the greater the thickness of the target plate, the longer the pressure duration by the projectile impacting the target plate; with the increase of the thickness of target plate, the mass of residual projectile decreases, the number of fragments formed by fragmentation of jacket increases linearly, and the average mass of fragments decreases exponentially. The numerical calculation model and research method adopted in this paper can be used to study the impact fragmentation of solid materials effectively.
Ballistic Behaviour of Austempered Compacted Graphite Iron Perforated Plates
Authors: Janjatovic Petar , Balos Sebastian , Radisavljevic Igor , Dramicanin Miroslav , Cekic Olivera Eric , Sidjanin L.
Published: December 2019

In this study, the performance of austempered compacted graphite iron was evaluated to find its suitability as perforated plates used in add-on armour. Perforated compacted graphite plates were subjected to austenitisation at 900 °C for 2 h followed by austempering at 275 and 400 °C for 1 h. The basic plate was fixed at 400 mm away from the perforated plate and armour and then piercing incendiary projectile was shot from a distance of 100 m. It was observed that both 7 mm and 9 mm perforated plates austempered at lower temperature of 275 °C producing higher hardness and lower ductility were effective in fracturing the penetrating core, thereby significantly decreasing the chances of penetrating the basic plate.
Моделирование влияния экстраклеточного информационного поля
в динамике рисков формирования и развития раковой опухоли
Authors: Артемова Ольга Игоревна , Artemova Olga Igorevna , Кревчик Владимир Дмитриевич , Krevchik Vladimir Dmitrievich , Семенов Михаил Борисович , Semenov Mikhail Borisovich
Published: December 2019

Рассматривается динамическая нелинейная 2D-модель влияния
экстраклеточного информационного поля в динамике рисков формирования и развития раковой опухоли.
В качестве основных внешних параметров,
формирующих информационный метаболический потенциал, рассматриваются
физические свойства экстраклеточной матрицы, доступность питательных
веществ, концентрация кислорода, pH экстраклеточной матрицы, взаимодействие
со стромальными клетками и др.
В рамках построенной аналитической 2D-модели показано, что микровзаимодействие через экстраклеточную матрицу
возникающих раковых клеток посредством динамического информационного
метаболического профиля существенно влияет на динамику рисков формирования и развития раковой опухоли.
Показано, что в зависимости от структуры 2D-информационного метаболического профиля возникает ряд характерных нелинейных
особенностей типа 2D-бифуркаций, биений, хаотизации, накладываемых на
интегральные динамические кривые, напоминающие по виду функцию Гомпертца и описывающие вероятные риски формирования и развития раковой опухоли.
Проводится сравнение результатов рассматриваемой аналитической модели с результатами моделирования других авторов по изучению хаотической и бифуркационной динамики в системе «опухоль - иммунный кластер - вирус».
В результате проведенных количественных оценок в рамках предложенной
теоретической модели сформулирован способ оценки рисков развития
злокачественных новообразований, в котором в качестве факторов риска
предложено выделять субфебрильную температуру, уровень каспаз,
кольпоскопический индекс Рейда, определяющих порог вероятности формирования
злокачественных новообразований.
Активная адаптация распределенной мультисенсорной системы фильтрации
Authors: Семушин Иннокентий Васильевич , Semushin Innokentiy Vasilievich , Цыганова Юлия Владимировна , Tsyganova Julia V
Published: December 2019

Мультисенсорная система фильтрации характеризована математически как результат решения задачи синтеза многомерной дискретной системы фильтрации одного сигнала по данным от множества разнородных датчиков (сенсоров).
В стационарной постановке этой задачи приведены три варианта ее решения: Колмогорова-Винера, Калмана в ковариационной форме и Калмана в информационной форме.
Осуществлен переход к постановке этих задач в условиях параметрической неопределенности.
В целях реализации активного принципа адаптации найден метод формирования инструментального функционала качества для эквивалентной замены недоступного исходного функционала качества - среднеквадратической ошибки фильтрации.
Показано, что эта замена создает возможность применять для адаптации системы весь аппарат и средства практических методов оптимизации, прежде всего, методов градиентного и ньютоновского типов.
Предложенное теоретическое решение задачи формирования инструментального функционала качества осуществимо при достаточно общих условиях исходной задачи синтеза многомерной дискретной системы фильтрации при бесконечном времени наблюдения.
Выявлено следующее:
- Достаточно сложные операции одношагового предсказания и затем обновления оценок в двухэтапном алгоритме фильтрации целесообразно выполнять в центре принятия решений; здесь же должны выполняться вычислительные операции по минимизации инструментального функционала качества.
- Несложные операции адаптивного масштабирования данных целесообразно оставить в местах нахождения сенсоров.
- Алгоритмы адаптации могут быть реализованы для базовых алгоритмов фильтрации, взятых в различных формах: в форме фильтра Колмогорова-Винера, в ковариационной форме фильтра Калмана или в информационной форме фильтра Калмана.
- Вычислительные операции по минимизации инструментального функционала качества целесообразно разрабатывать как варианты реализации современных практических методов оптимизации различного уровня сложности.
The increasing significance of digital equity in higher education
Authors: Willems Julie , Farley Helen , Campbell Chris
Published: December 2019

Digital equity is a complex and multifaceted concept. It includes not only access to hardware, software, and connectivity to the Internet but also meaningful, high-quality, and culturally relevant content in local languages, and the ability to create, share, and exchange knowledge. Participatory citizenship in the digital era involves the right to access and participate in higher education. Indeed, it is a key civil rights issue of the modern world. This editorial provides the context in which the articles in this special issue are located.
Variability of Competition-Based Caloric Expenditure and Relative Heart Rates in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women's Basketball
Authors: Sanders Gabriel J. , Boos Brian , Rhodes Jessica , Peacock Corey A. , Kollock Roger O. , Scheadler Cory M.
Published: December 2019

Sanders, GJ, Boos, B, Rhodes, J, Peacock, CA, Kollock, RO, and Scheadler, CM. Variability of competition-based caloric expenditure and relative heart rates in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's basketball. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 162–166, 2022—Basketball athletes frequently engage in high intensities (≥85% HRpeak) throughout competition, and it is unknown how high-intensity play coincides with caloric expenditure and average and peak relative heart rates. The purpose of the study was to assess caloric expenditure throughout 31 games (4- to 10-minute quarters) in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's basketball. A total of 11 female athletes were tested for peak heart rate (HRpeak) and peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak) before the season, then monitored in-season with heart rate–based wearable devices. Estimated caloric expenditure, average (% HRavg) and peak (% HRpeak) relative heart rates, time played at intensities ≥85% HRpeak, and live time (i.e., game minutes not including stoppages in play) were recorded each game. Data were assessed as a team and compared across 4 quarters, and then, interathlete comparisons were made based on full game data. There were significant main effects of 10-minute quarters on calories (p < 0.001) and % HRavg (p = 0.015) but not playing intensity ≥85% HRpeak (p = 0.125) and % HRpeak (p = 0.629). Caloric expenditure was the only variable to increase from the first to the fourth quarter. There were main effects of individual athletes on calories, % HRavg, % HRpeak, live time, and playing intensity ≥85% HRpeak (p < 0.001 for all). Assessing individual athletes, relative to a team assessment across quarters, can provide practitioners with more accurate caloric expenditure, heart rate, and playing intensity data per athlete to improve training and fueling protocols.
Impact of Childhood Maltreatment in Borderline Personality Disorder on Treatment Response to Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Authors: Euler Sebastian , Stalujanis Esther , Lindenmeyer Hannah J. , Nicastro Rosetta , Kramer Ueli , Perroud Nader , Weibel Sébastien
Published: December 2019

Childhood maltreatment (CM), including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect, is associated with severity of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, knowledge on the impact of CM on treatment response is scarce. The authors investigated whether self-reported CM or one of its subtypes affected treatment retention, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity throughout short-term intensive dialectical behavior therapy (I-DBT) in 333 patients with BPD. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regressions and linear mixed models, using a Bayesian approach. Patients who reported childhood emotional abuse had a higher dropout rate, whereas it was lower in patients who reported childhood emotional neglect. Emotional neglect predicted a greater decrease of depressive symptoms, and global CM predicted a greater decrease of impulsivity. The authors concluded that patients with BPD who experienced CM might benefit from I-DBT in specific symptom domains. Nonetheless, the impact of emotional abuse on higher dropout needs to be considered.
Interpersonal Trust: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Inventory and Clinical Application in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Botsford Janina , Schulze Lars , Bohländer Julian , Renneberg Babette
Published: December 2019

Based on typical everyday trust situations, a short and ecologically valid self-report instrument for the assessment of interpersonal trust was developed (Interpersonal Trust Scenario Questionnaire [ITSQ]). Data from 1,359 clinical and nonclinical participants were analyzed to examine psychometric properties and group differences. The authors assessed interpersonal trust in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), patients with major depressive disorder, and patients with social anxiety disorder. Lastly, the relationship between interpersonal trust and the perceived quality of the therapeutic alliance was examined. The ITSQ showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.72). Convergent validity and discriminant validity were obtained for correlations with a hypothetical trust game, another interpersonal trust scale (KUSIV-3), risk propensity, optimism and pessimism, and the HEXACO-60. Patients with BPD showed the lowest interpersonal trust scores of all groups. Interpersonal trust and the perceived quality of the therapeutic alliance were significantly associated only in the group of patients with BPD.
Evaluating the Burstlet Theory of Inspiratory Rhythm and Pattern Generation
Authors: Kallurkar Prajkta S. , Grover Cameron , Picardo Maria Cristina D. , Del Negro Christopher A.
Published: December 2019

The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) generates the rhythm and rudimentary motor pattern for inspiratory breathing movements. Here, we test “burstlet” theory (Kam et al., 2013a), which posits that low amplitude burstlets, subthreshold from the standpoint of inspiratory bursts, reflect the fundamental oscillator of the preBötC. In turn, a discrete suprathreshold process transforms burstlets into full amplitude inspiratory bursts that drive motor output, measurable via hypoglossal nerve (XII) dischargein vitro. We recap observations by Kam and Feldman in neonatal mouse slice preparations: field recordings from preBötC demonstrate bursts and concurrent XII motor output intermingled with lower amplitude burstlets that do not produce XII motor output. Manipulations of excitability affect the relative prevalence of bursts and burstlets and modulate their frequency. Whole-cell and photonic recordings of preBötC neurons suggest that burstlets involve inconstant subsets of rhythmogenic interneurons. We conclude that discrete rhythm- and pattern-generating mechanisms coexist in the preBötC and that burstlets reflect its fundamental rhythmogenic nature.
Lip-Reading Enables the Brain to Synthesize Auditory Features of Unknown Silent Speech
Authors: Bourguignon Mathieu , Baart Martijn , Kapnoula Efthymia C. , Molinaro Nicola
Published: December 2019

Lip-reading is crucial for understanding speech in challenging conditions. But how the brain extracts meaning from, silent, visual speech is still under debate. Lip-reading in silence activates the auditory cortices, but it is not known whether such activation reflects immediate synthesis of the corresponding auditory stimulus or imagery of unrelated sounds. To disentangle these possibilities, we used magnetoencephalography to evaluate how cortical activity in 28 healthy adult humans (17 females) entrained to the auditory speech envelope and lip movements (mouth opening) when listening to a spoken story without visual input (audio-only), and when seeing a silent video of a speaker articulating another story (video-only). In video-only, auditory cortical activity entrained to the absent auditory signal at frequencies <1 Hz more than to the seen lip movements. This entrainment process was characterized by an auditory-speech-to-brain delay of ∼70 ms in the left hemisphere, compared with ∼20 ms in audio-only. Entrainment to mouth opening was found in the right angular gyrus at <1 Hz, and in early visual cortices at 1–8 Hz. These findings demonstrate that the brain can use a silent lip-read signal to synthesize a coarse-grained auditory speech representation in early auditory cortices. Our data indicate the following underlying oscillatory mechanism: seeing lip movements first modulates neuronal activity in early visual cortices at frequencies that match articulatory lip movements; the right angular gyrus then extracts slower features of lip movements, mapping them onto the corresponding speech sound features; this information is fed to auditory cortices, most likely facilitating speech parsing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLip-reading consists in decoding speech based on visual information derived from observation of a speaker's articulatory facial gestures. Lip-reading is known to improve auditory speech understanding, especially when speech is degraded. Interestingly, lip-reading in silence still activates the auditory cortices, even when participants do not know what the absent auditory signal should be. However, it was uncertain what such activation reflected. Here, using magnetoencephalographic recordings, we demonstrate that it reflects fast synthesis of the auditory stimulus rather than mental imagery of unrelated, speech or non-speech, sounds. Our results also shed light on the oscillatory dynamics underlying lip-reading.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improve Poststroke Recovery via Immunological Mechanisms
Authors: Sadler Rebecca , Cramer Julia V. , Heindl Steffanie , Kostidis Sarantos , Betz Dene , Zuurbier Kielen R. , Northoff Bernd H. , Heijink Marieke , Goldberg Mark P. , Plautz Erik J. , Roth Stefan , Malik Rainer , Dichgans Martin , Holdt Lesca M. , Benakis Corinne , Giera Martin , Stowe Ann M. , Liesz Arthur
Published: December 2019

Recovery after stroke is a multicellular process encompassing neurons, resident immune cells, and brain-invading cells. Stroke alters the gut microbiome, which in turn has considerable impact on stroke outcome. However, the mechanisms underlying gut–brain interaction and implications for long-term recovery are largely elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key bioactive microbial metabolites, are the missing link along the gut–brain axis and might be able to modulate recovery after experimental stroke. SCFA supplementation in the drinking water of male mice significantly improved recovery of affected limb motor function. Usingin vivowide-field calcium imaging, we observed that SCFAs induced altered contralesional cortex connectivity. This was associated with SCFA-dependent changes in spine and synapse densities. RNA sequencing of the forebrain cortex indicated a potential involvement of microglial cells in contributing to the structural and functional remodeling. Further analyses confirmed a substantial impact of SCFAs on microglial activation, which depended on the recruitment of T cells to the infarcted brain. Our findings identified that microbiota-derived SCFAs modulate poststroke recovery via effects on systemic and brain resident immune cells.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies have shown a bidirectional communication along the gut–brain axis after stroke. Stroke alters the gut microbiota composition, and in turn, microbiota dysbiosis has a substantial impact on stroke outcome by modulating the immune response. However, until now, the mediators derived from the gut microbiome affecting the gut-immune-brain axis and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process were unknown. Here, we demonstrate that short-chain fatty acids, fermentation products of the gut microbiome, are potent and proregenerative modulators of poststroke neuronal plasticity at various structural levels. We identified that this effect was mediated via circulating lymphocytes on microglial activation. These results identify short-chain fatty acids as a missing link along the gut–brain axis and as a potential therapeutic to improve recovery after stroke.
Monomeric cohesin state revealed by live‐cell single‐molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Biton Elisheva , Pathania Anjali , Matityahu Avi , Irudayaraj Joseph , Onn Itay
Published: December 2019

The cohesin complex plays an important role in the maintenance of genome stability. Cohesin is composed of four core subunits and a set of regulatory subunits that interact with the core subunits. Less is known about cohesin dynamics in live cells and on the contribution of individual subunits to the overall complex. Understanding the tethering mechanism of cohesin is still a challenge, especially because the proposed mechanisms are still not conclusive. Models proposed to describe tethering depend on either the monomeric cohesin ring or a cohesin dimer. Here, we investigate the role of cohesin dynamics and stoichiometry in live yeast cells at single‐molecule resolution. We explore the effect of regulatory subunit deletion on cohesin mobility and found that depletion of different regulatory subunits has opposing effects. Finally, we show that cohesin exists mostly as a canonical monomer throughout the cell cycle, and its monomeric form is independent of its regulatory factors. Our results demonstrate that single‐molecule tools have the potential to provide new insights into the cohesin mechanism of action in live cells.
CEP41‐mediated ciliary tubulin glutamylation drives angiogenesis through AURKA‐dependent deciliation
Authors: Ki Soo Mi , Kim Ji Hyun , Won So Yeon , Oh Shin Ji , Lee In Young , Bae Young‐Ki , Chung Ki Wha , Choi Byung‐Ok , Park Boyoun , Choi Eui‐Ju , Lee Ji Eun
Published: December 2019

The endothelial cilium is a microtubule‐based organelle responsible for blood flow‐induced mechanosensation and signal transduction during angiogenesis. The precise function and mechanisms by which ciliary mechanosensation occurs, however, are poorly understood. Although posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cytoplasmic tubulin are known to be important in angiogenesis, the specific roles of ciliary tubulin PTMs play remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of centrosomal protein 41 (CEP41) results in vascular impairment in human cell lines and zebrafish, implying a previously unknown pro‐angiogenic role for CEP41. We show that proper control of tubulin glutamylation by CEP41 is necessary for cilia disassembly and that is involved in endothelial cell (EC) dynamics such as migration and tubulogenesis. We show that in ECs responding to shear stress or hypoxia, CEP41 activates Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and upregulates expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 through ciliary tubulin glutamylation, as well as leads to the deciliation. We further show that in hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis, CEP41 is responsible for the activation of HIF1α to trigger the AURKA‐VEGF pathway. Overall, our results suggest the CEP41‐HIF1α‐AURKA‐VEGF axis as a key molecular mechanism of angiogenesis and demonstrate how important ciliary tubulin glutamylation is in mechanosense‐responded EC dynamics.
DOCK5 regulates energy balance and hepatic insulin sensitivity by targeting mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Lai Yerui , Zhao Anjiang , Tan Minghong , Yang Mengliu , Lin Yao , Li Shengbing , Song Jinlin , Zheng Hongting , Zhu Zhiming , Liu Dongfang , Liu Chaohong , Li Ling , Yang Gangyi
Published: December 2019

The dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (DOCK5) is associated with obesity. However, the mechanism by which DOCK5 contributes to obesity remains completely unknown. Here, we show that hepatic DOCK5 expression significantly decreases at a state of insulin resistance (IR). Deletion of DOCK5 in mice reduces energy expenditure, promotes obesity, augments IR, dysregulates glucose metabolism, and activates the mTOR (Raptor)/S6K1 pathway under a high‐fat diet (HFD). The overexpression of DOCK5 in hepatocytes inhibits gluconeogenic gene expression and increases the level of insulin receptor (InsR) and Akt phosphorylation. DOCK5 overexpression also inhibits mTOR/S6K1 phosphorylation and decreases the level of raptor protein expression. The opposite effects were observed in DOCK5‐deficient hepatocytes. Importantly, in liver‐specific Raptor knockout mice and associated hepatocytes, the effects of an adeno‐associated virus (AAV8)‐ or adenovirus‐mediated DOCK5 knockdown on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling are largely eliminated. Additionally, DOCK5–Raptor interaction is indispensable for the DOCK5‐mediated regulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP). Therefore, DOCK5 acts as a regulator of Raptor to control hepatic insulin activity and glucose homeostasis.
Peridynamic model for nonlinear viscoelastic creep and creep rupture of Polypropylene
Authors: Azizi M. A. , Ariffin A. K.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the peridynamic numerical method for nonlinear viscoelastic creep behaviour which consists of primary, secondary, tertiary creep stages and creep rupture. A nonlinear viscoelastic creep constitutive equation based on internal state variable (ISV) theory which covers four creep stages is examined. The viscoelastic equation is substituted into material parameter in the peridynamic equation to derive a new peridynamic method with two time parameters i.e. numerical time and real time. The parameters of the viscoelastic equation is analyzed and evaluated. In validating this peridynamic method, a comparison is made between numerical and experimental data. The peridynamic method for nonlinear viscoelastic creep behaviour (VE-PD) is approved by the good similarity between numerical and experimental creep strain curves with overall difference of 10.67%. The nonlinearity of experimental and numerical data is adequately similar as the error between experimental and numerical curves of secondary stage strain rate against load is 8.022%. The shapes of fractured numerical specimen show good resemblance with the experimental result as well.
Optimized modelling on lateral separation of twin pontoon-net floating breakwater
Authors: Fitriadhy A. , Abdullah S. F. , Hairil M. , Ahmad M. F. , Jusoh A.
Published: December 2019

Since the attribute of wave energy transmission is susceptible to lateral separation (S/D) between twin pontoons of floating breakwater, employing improper S/D may cause ineffective attenuation in the amount of wave energy. This paper presents a numerical optimization modelling aimed at obtaining the optimum S/D through Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. The artificial intelligence is primarily employed to minimize transmission of wave energy coefficients ( ) whereas maximize energy dissipation coefficient ( ). To achieve such demand, a numerical simulation implementing a MATLAB code as an interface between the Genetic Algorithm and a CFD program is applied. Several parameters for the effects of various wavelengths and ratios of S/D including a set of criteria have been considered in the simulation, where the optimum solution is chosen from various populations. The results demonstrated that the current GA analysis is efficient that can search a global trade-offs between  and  to determine an optimum S/D. The  was minimized to less than 0.3 as compared to existing model ( ) while maximizing  to greater than 0.95. Hence, the optimisation algorithm can serve as a useful engineering tool for a conceptual design to determine an optimum S/D for twin pontoons of floating breakwater.
Emission and vibration characteristics of Niger seed oil biodiesel fueled diesel engine
Authors: Jaikumar S. , Bhatti S. K. , Srinivas V.
Published: December 2019

The present investigation dwells the experimental investigation for the assessment of emission, vibration, and noise parameters of single-cylinder, DI diesel engine functioning through the blends of conventional diesel and Niger seed oil methyl ester (NSOME) at different engine operating loads namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% at a constant speed. The carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), and smoke opacity emissions have come down significantly for all the blends of NSOME namely B10, B20, and B40 while the NOx increased marginally. Besides, the vibration and noise extremity of the engine was lowered while operating with biodiesel blends as compared to conventional diesel. B20 has specified a significant reduction in emission, vibration, and noise too at all the loads range from minimum to maximum. At maximum load condition the CO, UHC, smoke opacity, root mean square (RMS) velocity, and RMS noise of B20 have reduced by 93.9%, 37.87%, 5.54%, 45.78%, and 26.15% respectively even as the NOx was increased by 12.76% compared to standard.
Toughness analysis of pineapple leaves fiber composite as alternative material for SNI helmet
Authors: Tri Mulyo Bagus , Yudiono Heri
Published: December 2019

Along with the times utilization of natural fibers composite materials has been developed. The purpose of this research was to know the impact strength of pineapple leaves fiber composites before applied to basic material for Indonesia National Standard (SNI) helmet. Design of this research was true experimental with posttest-only control design, in this research there were two group, namely experimental group (fiber composite) and control group (SNI helmet). Result of this research showed there was improvement about composite strength with addition fibers volume. The value of absorbed energy and the highest impact strength is found in 10% of fiber volume equals 0.5375 Joules and 0.01657/mm2, far above the SNI helmet which only amounted to 0.3125 Joules and 0.00972 J/mm2. For the highest density value is found in 13% of fiber volume equals 1.4525 g/cm3. It can be concluded that pineapple leaves fiber composites can be used as an alternative material for making SNI helmet.
Finite element method investigation of geometrical influences of adhesive and patch in the safety for 90° elbow piping system
Authors: Gadi Ibrahim , Meriem-Benziane Madjid , Bachir Bouiadjra B.
Published: December 2019

Piping system elbow study is the most important part in all fields of hydrocarbons transportation which presents the behaviour of circumferential crack at elbow extrados. The effect of geometry of adhesive and patch in the crack elbow is important in pipeline safety. This study shows the details for along the direction of the circumferential elbow crack by three dimensional (FEM) which is used to determine the stress intensity factor at 90° elbow for two cases: firstly, without patch and secondly, repaired with composite patch. This method allows to predict the behaviour of cracked elbow through the analysis of crack propagation under the internal different pressures taking into consideration the operating conditions. The geometry and nature of composite patch proved   that the increase of patch thickness leads to decrease the SIF from 7 MPa.m1/2 to 6.15 MPa.m1/2. It can be concluded that the repairing by composite materials leads to reduce the stress intensity factor with patch which not only can augment the lifetime of pipeline but also decreasing the costs and the pollution.
Evaluation of thermal performance for natural and forced draft wet cooling tower
Authors: Al-Dulaimi M. J. , A. Kareem F. , Hamad F. A.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling tower (NDWCT). The experimental investigation is carried out under natural draft condition and forced draft condition created by an axial fan. The operational parameters considered in this study are the thickness of the fill (10 and 20 cm), inlet water temperature (40, 45, and 50 °C) and inlet water volume flow rate (5.68, 7.75, and 9.46 L/min). The experimental results showed that the thermal performance is improved when the fans are used with the NDWCT. The temperature difference between inlet and outlet and effectiveness increase by 35% and 37.2%, respectively at fill thickness of 20 cm and water volume flow rate of 11.35 L/min. The temperature distribution of the air and the relative humidity were numerically simulated for both cases of natural and forced draft by employing the commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent 15. The experimental and numerical results were validated with results from a previous work and showed a good agreement. The experimental results showed that the effectiveness increase by 22% and 30% for NDWCT and FDWCT respectively when in case of fill thickness 20 cm.
Effect of liquid smoke on surface morphology and tensile strength of Sago Fiber
Authors: Muslimin Mukhlis , Kamil Kusno , Setya Budi Sofyan Arif , Wardana I. N. G.
Published: December 2019

This study aims to identify the effect of liquid smoke treatment on surface morphology and tensile strength of sago fiber (SF), including chemical reactions during the treatment. The proposed study is divided into two steps, fiber treatment and property tests. The first treatment, SF was immersion in the liquid smoke solution for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, then dried for 1 hour which then characterized SEM, universal machine testing machine, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The acetic acid in liquid smoke reacts with fiber to form fiber-liquid and H2O compounds. The heating process degrades H2O content in fibers and decomposes C and C elements to close together forming strong chemical bonds so that the fiber morphology become rough, porous, grooved and increasing the tensile strength of the fiber. But excessive heating treatment makes fibers more fragile because the H2O elements degrade too low. Dominant percentage of SF crystallization occurred after 4 and 5 hours, 64.7 and 66.9 %, respectively among other durations, a significant increase of tensile strength 50.813 MPa was achieved by 1-hour immersion in liquid smoke. Hence, as alternative to improve the mechanical characteristics of SF, immersion in liquid smoke should be applied. Furthermore, studies of similar treatment on other natural fibers can also be considered in the future.