bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RISK OF HAVING TO PAY DOUBLE ESTATE AGENT’S COMMISSION
Authors: Henk Delport
Published: September 2021

This note addresses the question whether a seller who mandates more than one estate agent to find a buyer faces the risk of having to pay more than one commission in circumstances where a sale materialises and (a) it is not entirely clear which estate agent engaged by the seller was the effective cause of the sale; or (b) the sale agreement signed by the seller stipulates that commission is payable to one of the estate agents but another estate agent was in fact the effective cause of the transaction. The typical scenario is where the seller gives two estate agents (A and B) an identical mandate, and each agent subsequently shows the property to the same prospective purchaser. They both explain the property’s features, the finance available, their assessment of the market value of the property, and so on. The buyer and seller are keen to buy and sell. One of the following now occurs: (a) A sale transaction is negotiated between the seller and buyer directly, without any further intervention on the part of any of the two estate agents. The seller’s input is minimal, but the facts are such that one cannot determine which estate agent was the effective cause since the value of their efforts towards the sale was more or less identical. (b) A sale is effected by one of the estate agents (say A), using that agent’s standard pre-printed sale agreement containing the usual commission clause whereby the seller agrees to pay commission to agent A. On the facts, however, the input of estate agent B was the effective cause of the sale. Can the seller in either of these situations face the risk of a double commission claim?
REVISITING A CULTURE OF TOLERANCE RELATING TO RELIGIOUS UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION IN SOUTH AFRICA (PART 1)
Authors: Radley Henrico
Published: September 2021

On account of its nature and scope, this article has been divided into two parts. The aim of this work is to explore religious unfair discrimination in South Africa in the context of the imperative of the need to tolerate differences. In Part 1, the importance of tolerance of differences in a secular multicultural society will be discussed. When the expression of religious freedom in the workplace or in greater society conflicts with other fundamental rights, the balancing of these conflicting rights is never a simple exercise. Whilst the adjudication of such conflicting rights may call for the imperatives of rationality, reasonableness, and proportionality to be applied, such conflict cannot only be conceived of in terms of the lens of adjudication. The need to live in a multicultural, secular society overflowing with divergent interests demands a culture of accommodation. This article further examines the fact that whether tolerance is conceived of as “thin” or “thick” tolerance, it is essentially concerned with a situation of forbearance and is not celebratory. In the spirit of commitment to true democratic transformation, it is argued that the need to celebrate differences is more imperative than merely tolerating differences.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE TWIN PROVISIONS OF SECTION 48 OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: PROTECTED AREAS ACT AND SECTION 48 OF THE MINERAL AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACT, IN RESPECT OF “PROTECTED AREAS”
Authors: Clive Vinti
Published: September 2021

This note examines the interplay between the twin provisions of section 48 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (57 of 2003) (NEMPA Act) and section 48 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28 of 2002) (MPRDA), in respect of the concept of a “protected area”. In essence, section 48(1) of the NEMPA Act read with section 48(1) of the MPRDA, prohibit “prospecting” in “protected areas”. However, section 48(1)(b) of the NEMPA Act and section 48(2) of the MPRDA, permit “prospecting” in “protected environments” and in any land “reserved in terms of any other any law”, if written authorisation is acquired under specific strict conditions. “Prospecting” is defined as intentionally searching for any mineral through any method which disturbs the surface or subsurface of the earth, including any portion of the earth that is under the sea or under other water; or in or on any residue stockpile or residue deposit, in order to establish the existence of any mineral and to determine the extent and economic value thereof; or in the sea or other water on land (s 1 read with s 17 of the MPRDA). This issue of the relationship between section 48 of the NEMPA Act and section 48 of the MPRDA has yet to be appropriately adjudicated on by the courts and thus, this paper will assess the implications of their inevitable interaction and suggest an approach that the courts could take in the assessment of a prospecting licence granted in respect of a “protected area”.
THE LAUNCHING OF DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 71 OF 2008 BY MEANS OF THE DERIVATIVE ACTION Lewis Group Limited v Woollam 2017 (2) SA 547 (WCC)
Authors: Rehana Cassim
Published: September 2021

Section 162 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 introduces a novel provision into our law in that it empowers a broad range of persons to apply to the court to declare a director delinquent in certain circumstances. The effect of a declaration of a person as delinquent is that he is disqualified, for the duration of the order, from being a director of a company.In Lewis Group Limited v Woollam (2017 (2) SA 547 (WCC)) the Western Cape High Court was faced with an application brought by Lewis Group Limited in terms of section 165(3) of the Companies Act for an order setting aside a demand served on it by a shareholder, Mr David Woollam on the ground that it was frivolous, vexatious or without merit. Woollam wished to rely on the derivative action to require Lewis Group Limited to commence proceedings to declare four of its directors delinquent under section 162 of the Companies Act. The main question before the court was whether, under the Companies Act, a shareholder might institute proceedings to declare a director delinquent under section 162 of the Companies Act using the derivative action. The court, per Binns-Ward J, held that this may not be done and that the application must be instituted in terms of section 162 of the Companies Act. This note critically analyses the judgment and evaluates whether the court came to the correct decision.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND CAMPUS PROTESTS
Authors: George Barrie
Published: September 2021

Hotz v University of Cape Town (2016 (4) All SA 723 (SCA)) presented the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) with an ideal set of circumstances to incisively deal with the precise meaning and parameters of section 16(1) of the Constitution, which mandates that everyone has the right to freedom of expression and section 16(2), which states that section 16(1) does not extend to advocacy of hatred that is based on race or ethnicity and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. It also afforded the SCA an opportunity to express itself on ancillary constitutional rights such as section 17 (the right to assemble and demonstrate); section 15 (the right of freedom of opinion); section 18 (the right to freedom of association) and section 19(1) (the right to campaign for a political cause).  The main focus of the judgment of the SCA (per Wallis JA), however, was on freedom of expression (s 16(1)) which will be the primary focus of this note.Vehement protests on the campus of the University of Cape Town (UCT) constituted the background to this matter being heard by the SCA as an appeal against a final interdict of the Western Cape High Court. The final interdict excluding appellants from the campus of UCT was granted by Allie J who granted leave to appeal. The appeal specifically concerned the granting of the final interdict and the factual allegations made by the university regarding the nature of the protests which led to the granting of the final interdict.
THE POSSIBLE EFFECT OF THE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION ACT 4 OF 2013 ON ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATIONS
Authors: Magda Slabbert  , Patricia Molusi
Published: September 2021

Organ donation for purposes of a transplant is an altruistic act that lends itself to the ethical principle of beneficence. Available evidence indicates that in the transplant process information or data sharing is of the utmost importance. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and other legislative frameworks like the National Health Act 61 of 2003, facilitates participation in support of this principle. Section 12(2) of the Constitution states that “Everyone has the right to bodily and psychological integrity, which includes the right – … (b) to security in and control over their body; and (c) not to be subjected to medical or scientific experiments without informed consent.” Section 27(1) and (2) provide that everyone has the right to have access to health care services... The same section immediately prompts the state to “take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of each of these rights”.The NHA in sections 14–17 applies a safeguard on how the principle of beneficence in respect of organ donations should be achieved. These sections address the issues of confidentiality, access to and the protection of health records. The guarantees in the Constitution and the NHA are not absolute but may be limited in one way or another, especially in cases where the donor is declared brain dead and therefore deceased. In such a case the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 does make provision for instances where the protection of personal information may be limited. Although it is feared that the POPI Act might negatively influence the organ donation process, an analysis of the Act and its possible influence on the transplantation scenario seems unfounded if a few precautionary measures are put in place.
The Role of Expert Evidence in the Defence of Provocation and Emotional Stress in South Africa
Authors: Sandhya Maharaj
Published: September 2021

The provocation defence has emerged as one of the most contentious defences in modern times and has remained that way for many years in jurisdictions such as South Africa, England and Canada. In South Africa, the courts have struggled in deciding what role, if any, provocation should occupy in criminal law. This dynamic approach arises from the psychological or principle-based approach to criminal liability. Provocation and emotional stress are powerful emotions. In South Africa, the criminal law recognises that these emotions may impact criminal liability by causing a temporary loss of criminal capacity. The three notorious acquittals in S v Nursingh, S v Arnold and S v Moses created controversy for the defence. In an attempt to bring clarity to this area of the law and to calm public outrage the court in Eadie effected fundamental changes in the form of a policy brake on the principles underpinning the defence. Unfortunately, this brought more confusion to the defence. However, it is submitted that the uncertain role of expert evidence in relation to this defence has arguably been a source of the problems encountered in the application of this defence. A measure of uncertainty exists regarding what, if any, the role of expert evidence plays in cases involving non-pathological incapacity due to provocation. Reform and development is needed to formulate a new approach not only to provide clarity but also to ensure improved functioning of the defence. The rules governing expert opinion evidence in respect of the defence of non-pathological incapacity are in need of review and legislative intervention.
Whistle-Blowing for Reward – Friend or Foe? Exploring a Possible Tax Whistle-Blowing Programme in South Africa
Authors: Monray Marsellus Botha  , Carika Fritz
Published: September 2021

Tax evasion poses a serious threat to revenue collection. One way of obtaining information on taxpayers who fail to disclose certain sources of income for tax purposes is to use whistle-blowers. This article first considers whether the existing general regulatory framework pertaining to whistle-blowing in South Africa protects a whistle-blower from possible reprisals. Thereafter, whether an “evading” taxpayer’s right of access to information and to administrative justice may play a role in exposing a whistle-blower’s identity is reflected upon, as this may deter a person from blowing the whistle. The article further considers the contentious issue of whether a monetary or financial reward should be provided for tax whistle-blowers where previously undisclosed information regarding a taxpayer’s non-compliance is brought to light, and whether this would be in line with the existing general regulatory framework governing whistle-blowing. Finally, it is recommended that regulators in South Africa implement a whistle-blowing programme designed to reveal information about substantial misconduct, not only in financial markets, but also in matters regarding tax evasion; this would include a reward for the whistle-blower in the event of successful enforcement action.
Giving Effect to Refugee Children’s Fundamental Rights to Life and a Basic Education
Authors: Erika Serfontein
Published: September 2021

A gap in research on the violation of the rights of refugee children to well-being and education – both prerequisites for living a good life – has been recognised internationally as well as nationally. This article endeavours to partially fill this gap by (a) presenting a background to the situation of refugees in South Africa in general and refugee children in particular, (b) delineating relevant concepts, (c) explaining the international and national legislative framework applicable to refugee children, (d) clarifying the role of education in the life of refugee children, (e) identifying the various challenges such children present for an inclusive education system, as well as (f) drawing conclusions and making recommendations on overcoming these challenges.South Africa has experienced an overwhelming growth in refugees since its transition to democracy in 1994. In contrast to the 1951 Convention,1 which defines a refugee as someone who is incapable or reluctant to return to their country of origin owing to a justified fear of being oppressed on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, studies found that refugees and their children from the rest of the African continent, as well as from as far afield as China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, mainly flee to this country to escape conditions of poverty, civil discord and even war in search of a better life. Instead of being welcomed, however, refugee children are often met with intimidation, hate, xenophobia, aggressive nationalism, exclusion and discrimination by South Africans on a daily basis.By concentrating on refugee children and probing the results of significant studies indicating the persistent challenges facing the realisation of inclusive education in South Africa, the author advocates a humanitarian approach to refugee children in order to respect their dignity whilst recognising their rights to life and a basic education within the borders of South Africa.
Standard of Care and Liability of Public Procurement Officials: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Allison Megan Anthony
Published: September 2021

Section 217 of the Constitution provides that organs of state, when contracting for goods or services, should do so in accordance with a system that is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. Therefore, public procurement officials acting on behalf of such organs of state should act in terms of these principles. When their conduct falls foul of section 217, it may be declared unlawful by a court of law. In the recent past, there have been countless reports of unexplained corruption, theft and fraud committed by public officials, especially in the public procurement sector. Consequently, the legislature, by enacting legislation (specifically the new Public Audit Amendment Act 5 of 2018), and the judiciary, by imposing cost orders, have started holding public procurement officials personally liable for unlawful conduct. This article examines the latest developments in this area of law, including case law and recent legislative amendments, and asks the question whether the standard of care and liability of public procurement officials has increased because of these developments.
Sleep disorders in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Murala Sireesha , Katyal Nakul , Narula Naureen , Govindarajan Raghav , Sahota Pradeep
Published: September 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. The median survival rate for ALS patients after symptom onset is 2.5 to 3.5 years and after diagnosis of ALS is about 1.5 to 2.5 years. Patients with ALS can have a wide spectrum of sleep disorders including but not limited to insomnia, sleep related breathing disorders, parasomnias, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoventilation (NH). Sleep-related breathing disorders substantially increase both morbidity and mortality in ALS patients. In this review, we have discussed the ALS motor symptoms, sleep-related breathing disorders, behavioral abnormalities and sleep disturbing factors which impair the health-related quality of life.
Construção e validação de um teste de avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo para crianças de nível pré-escolar
Authors: Serafini Oscar , C. Geada Manuel
Published: September 2021

Os autores apresentam neste estudo os resultados da validação preliminar, empírica e de constructo, de um novo teste grafo-perceptivo para avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças de nível pré-escolar. O teste denominado «O Robot» (autómato) consiste na cópia de um conjunto de figuras geométricas simples, estruturados sobre a forma de uma figura humana esquemática e simétrica. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 117 crianças distribuídas por quatro grupos: crianças normais, crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem, crianças com Síndrome de Down e crianças autistas. Pressupõe-se que o desempenho no teste se relaciona diretamente com o desenvolvimento da coordenação visuomotora e da função gestaltica, globalmente avaliadora da chamada inteligência geral. O teste pretende ser um bom preditor do desempenho cognitivo no nível pré-escolar assim como do grau de prontidão das crianças para a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita no âmbito da escolaridade formal.
Effect of Yoga on Performance and Physical Fitness in Cricket Bowlers
Authors: Vaidya Sumedh S. , Agarwal Bela , Singh Yuvraj , Mullerpatan Rajani
Published: September 2021

Cricket-bowling performance is known to be influenced by speed of ball release and accuracy. Currently, training sessions typically involve fielding-specific drills and conditioning exercises. Scientific evidence for inclusion of a comprehensive yoga intervention in daily training and exercise sessions remains unexplored. The present study explored the effect of yoga on bowling performance and physical fitness in cricket bowlers. Sports fitness testing and training were conducted among 60 non-elite recreational-club male cricket players aged 13–25 years. Cricket-bowling speed was e valuated using a speed radar gun, accuracy with a test developed by Portus et al., cardiorespiratory endurance using the yo-yo intermittent recovery test, lower-extremity and trunk strength using a back-leg dynamometer, upper-limb power using a medicine ball–throw test, power using a vertical-jump test, and flexibility using a sit-and-reach test. In addition to bowling practice, the yoga intervention group (n = 30) performed pranayama and standing and prone asana, whereas the control group (n = 30) practiced conventional conditioning exercises, for 45 minutes/day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. Improvement in bowling speed, accuracy, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, and flexibility were comparable between the two groups. Statistically significant improvements in baseline scores in bowling speed, accuracy, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle flexibility, strength, and power were comparable between the two groups of non-elite male cricket players. Bowling speed improved by 6.52% in the yoga group and by 5.18% in the control group. Bowling accuracy improved by 35.40% in the yoga group and by 31.29% in the control group. Additional research on long-duration intervention in elite players may help to establish the role of yoga in conventional cricket-bowling training.
Cosecha Voices: Migrant Farmworker Students, Pedagogy, Voice, and Self-Determination
Authors: ALVAREZ STEPHANIE , MARTÍNEZ JOSÉ L. , SALAMANCA ANNABEL , SALAMANCA ERIKA , REYNA ROBERTO C.
Published: September 2021

In this article, Stephanie Alvarez, José L. Martínez, Annabel Salamanca, Erika Salamanca, and Roberto C. Reyna share the impacts of Cosecha Voices, a pedagogical approach used with college students from migrant farmworker backgrounds at one of the largest Hispanic-Serving Institutions in the United States. They argue that Cosecha Voices affirms, validates, and humanizes the migrant farmworker experience and can help students not only unpack and document their migrant farmworker experiences but also strengthen their sense of self-empowerment. Utilizing testimonio, students are able to affirm and find strength in their migrant farmworker lifestyle that helps support them through their college journey. This Voices: Reflective Accounts of Education essay centers the voices of former program participants in its analysis of program impact and offers a program description, personal reflections from participants, and future considerations for similar research.
Favorable orthopedic treatment outcomes for severe morbus Iiittle'i
Authors: Friedland M. O.
Published: September 2021

On 15 / Ѵ 1921, a patient, a 5-year-old boy, Anatoly Peterson, was admitted to the Orthopedic Institute with the phenomenon of extremely sharp spastic paraplegia of the lower extremities: the hips are bent, slightly rotated inward and extremely sharply brought, as a result of which the knees go crosswise one after the other (left in front of the right) and also bent; very significant plantar flexion of both feet (pes eqquinus).
To the question of the forensic medical significance of the study of gonorrhoid spots
Authors: Medved A. I.
Published: September 2021

Our modern Criminal Code qualifies venereal infection and even knowingly placing another person at risk of contracting a venereal disease as a criminal offense (Article 150 of the Criminal Code).
Society of Physicians at Kazan University. General meetings
Authors: Vylegzhanin A.
Published: September 2021

Dr. N. N. Blagoveshchensky: General overview of the doctrine of local immunity. The report will be published in full in the "Kazan Medical Journal." - In connection with the question raised by prof. N.V. Sokolov shared clinical observations on the use of antivirus in surgical practice, and in general he was very pleased with the results.
Meetings of medical societies. Obstetric and gynecological section. Session 28 / XI
Authors: Belyaev Е
Published: September 2021

Dr. E.D. Ruzsky demonstrated a preparation of the uterus, extirpated per abdomen for rupture during childbirth with the formation of hematoma of the right broad ligament.
Adult case of atypical acute poliomyelitis
Authors: Kuimov D. T.
Published: September 2021

Heinе-Medin's disease is not only a "insidious" disease [1]), but also not fully studied etiologically and has not received a complete clinical outline. The vast majority of observations on this clinical form concern childhood; acute polio in adults is a rather rare disease. In the clinic of nervous diseases of the Perm state. un-that I happened to observe a case of acute poliomyelitis in an adult with a peculiar, atypical localization.
On repeated surgeries for stomach and duodenal ulcers
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Prof. S. S. Girgolav (Journal of Modern Surgery, vol. III, issue, 4.1928), having examined his 54 cases of repeated operations, came to the conclusion that with callosal ulcers of the lesser curvature of the stomach, resection should be done the first time. If after G E there was no light gap and an unhealed ulcer was found during the repeated operation, then, obviously, the anastomosis does not work and resection is necessary. If the anastomosis is functional and the ulcer is in the new or old site, resection is recommended. In case of complaints of upset gastric digestion and the absence of an ulcer during a second operation, the anastomosis should be destroyed.
Treatment of septicemia, pyemia and septicopyemia with antistreptococcal serum
Authors: Dykhno M.
Published: September 2021

Bernard (after Ber. . D. G. Gyn.) Finds that the treatment of the above diseases with a vaccine can only be applied in mild chronic and subacute cases, when the body is still capable of producing sufficient antibodies. In severe acute streptococcal infection, the body is already saturated with the vaccine, therefore, its introduction from the outside only worsens the condition of patients. The autovaccine gives the best results, but it takes time to prepare it, which cannot be wasted in acute cases. It is possible to judge the effect of antistreptococcal serum only by the outcome of severe diseases, mild cases proceed well with other interventions. Bumm is an ardent supporter of anti-streptococcal serum therapy, as treatment with the latter gave him only 6.9% mortality. The author considers serum sickness as a good sign indicating the body's ability to react. Serum treatment should be initiated from the onset of the disease. Morgenroth tries to explain the good outcome of early intervention by the fact that at the beginning of the disease, streptococcus easily loses its virulent properties and ability to emolysis, but after a few days it can regain them; therefore, the time of treatment is important for the outcome of the disease, when the pathogen does not yet possess high virulence with sufficient resistance of the organism. It is necessary in each case of an infectious disease to immediately inject antistreptococcal serum, without waiting for the results of bacteriological research.
Method of lateral suturing of large vesicovaginal fistulas
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Since the main reason for failures with plastic methods is the direct action of urine on the suture line, Dr. side, up and to the side, where urine cannot reach with a catheter demeure. The technique is briefly as follows: there is no need to stretch the cervix, you can successfully operate in depth. The edges of the fistula are cut obliquely throughout. Then, capturing the refreshed edge of one side of the vaginal wall with the coher, the entire thickness of the vaginal wall is separated from the entire thickness of the bladder wall to the exposure of the soft tissues of the thigh. The same is done on the other side. As a result, 4 mobilized flaps are obtained, each of which consists separately of the cystic and separately of the vaginal wall, separated from each other. Both refreshed edges of the cystic wall are sutured to the soft tissues of the thigh. After the cystic walls are sewn to the side wall, the vaginal wall is sutured.
On the question of the cultivation of gonococcus
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: September 2021

Dmitriev (Microb. Zhurn., 1928, vol. VII, issue 2), taking from 100 6th acute and subacute gonorrhea discharge from the urethra and finding gonococci there, he inoculated this discharge on various nutrient media, in order to identify the best for growing gonococci. Experiments show that Blut-agar is a good environment; the best, giving 98.2% positive results, placental blood agar without peptone.
Psychogenic diseases in urology
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: September 2021

Lezhnev (Urology, vol. V, issue IV, 1928) emphasizes the enormous role of psychogenic trauma among urological patients (most of whom are neurotic). Attention is drawn to the fact that often the cause of such an injury is the doctor himself, who is careless in his treatment of the patient (iatrogenic diseases). "Your urine is like slop", "You need to cauterize the seminal tubercle", "I don't like your urethra" - the terms used by the modern urologist and which leave an indelible mark on the patient's painful psychotherapy and extreme caution in the doctor's behavior.
Neurological impressions in Zheleznovodsk
Authors: Klyachkin G. A.
Published: September 2021

One of the most important tasks of Russian medical science is the speedy mass recovery of the working population, which has suffered greatly during the last great traumatic epidemics. A huge number of working people now fill all the southern resorts and climatic stations, among which tuberculosis patients predominate, and especially those who are nervous, mainly neurotics.
Observations of the treatment of chronic prostatitis, spermatocystitis and functional disorders of the male reproductive apparatus by mud plants at the Sergiev Mineral Waters during the therapeutic season of 1928
Authors: Dmitriev A. I.
Published: September 2021

A fairly large number of chronic lesions of the male reproductive apparatus are known, sometimes not amenable to any methods of modern conservative therapy. With this in mind, I decided to try the use of the Sergiev Mineral Waters mud for the treatment of chronic prostatitis, spermatocystitis and other disorders of the male genital area, using it in the form of pelvic mud baths and mud tampons.
Early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Heidler (Wien. Klin. Woch. No. 24, 1928)
Authors: Dykhno M.
Published: September 2021

Early diagnosis of cervical cancer can be detected, according to Heidler (Wien. Klin. Woch. No. 24, 1928) with a Hinselmann colposcope.
Letter to the editor I. Volume 25, № 5 (1929)
Authors: Rasul R.
Published: September 2021

Dear comrades. Coming to the publication of the 4th volume of "International Radiotherapy" (J. R.) I. Wetter's, which will be published in October this year. years, we turn to fellow radiologists
Report on the activities of the Society of Physicians at Kazan University in 1921 and a look at its tasks in the future
Authors: Gruzdev V. O.
Published: September 2021

Under difficult conditions, our Society entered the reporting 54th year of its existence. Kazan University, this lighthouse, which for more than a century illuminated the entire eastern half of our fatherland with the light of higher enlightenment, threatened to go out completely.
A case of venous murmur at the base of the xiphoid process
Authors: Yakimov V. F.
Published: September 2021

The exceptional rarity of the sound phenomenon observed in a patient in our clinic seems to us quite sufficient reason for the publication of this case in print. Acquaintance with the literature on this issue prompted us even more to report, since in the literature at our disposal, as will be seen from the following, we did not find a completely analogous case.
To the question of intraocular cysticercus
Authors: Shcheglov A. A.
Published: September 2021

Cysticercus in the eye is considered a rare occurrence. In the literature, both foreign and Russian, there are few descriptions of cases of intraocular cysticercus of their surgical removal. In the 19th century, more of them fell on foreign literature; in XX, while, judging by foreign literature, the number of cysticers is decreasing, in Russian their number is increasing.
Homosexuality as a psychoneurosis in the light of the doctrine of the dominant
Authors: Gerenstein G. B.
Published: September 2021

In the old days, at least this is what veterans of medicine say, the patient usually expected from the doctor an appropriate conclusion about his state of health and with his thought he did not want to boldly know the secrets, it is wise for them to be intimate from us. Now it is a completely different matter. The patient often comes to the doctor with a ready-made diagnosis and sometimes considers himself competent in such medical matters, which, by the way, are destined to remain with questions.
A case of Erdheim type pituitary tumor
Authors: Klementyeva A. M.
Published: September 2021

Patient I., 23 years old, was admitted to the Therapeutic Clinic of the Institute 19. ІII. 27 with complaints of nausea, regardless of food intake, headache, mainly in the morning. Recently, she has noted double vision. The patient considers himself 1 month old.
Extensive constriction of the stomach after formalin poisoning
Authors: Goldstein M. I. , Ivanova D. A.
Published: September 2021

The clinical picture of stomach burns with caustic poisonous substances has not been sufficiently developed and even in special manuals on gastric diseases little space is given to this issue. Meanwhile, these cases are far from being an exceptional rarity and acquaintance with the symptomatology of this suffering, its course, is of practical interest, since only under these conditions is it possible to early recognize the long-term consequences of stomach burns and provide the patient with the necessary help leading to the salvation of his life.
To the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy with the introduction of bromine into the spinal canal
Authors: Sheiman A. I.
Published: September 2021

In an effort to alleviate the situation of patients with epilepsy, and proceeding from the considerations that bromine, like most other medications taken per os, undergoes various metamorphoses before absorption and enters the bloodstream in the form of completely unknown chemical compounds to us, we decided to inject bromine into epileptics into the spinal canal, where this drug would immediately enter the cerebrospinal fluid without preliminary chemical changes. Since 1926, we have treated 25 cases of idiopathic epilepsy since 1926: 22 men. and 3 women All patients undergoing treatment suffered from frequent seizures (once or even several times a day, one with status erilepticus) and only once a month. We injected into the spinal canal 5% and 10% sodium bromide from 5.0 to 10.0. Before introducing the bromide solution, we previously released at least the same amount of cerebrospinal fluid; for the most part we released twice as many liqs. cer. spin. than Sol. natr. bromati, since in most cases the pressure was noticeable, and sometimes strongly, increased. A sterile solution of sodium bromide was injected into the spinal canal with a syringe through the Birov trocar between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. Each patient was punctured once a week.
Urology clinics in Berlin and Vienna
Authors: Nadein A. P.
Published: September 2021

Last year I got acquainted with urological institutions in Germany and Austria, and now I would like to share with the readers the impressions that I got from visiting urological centers in Berlin and Vienna.
Society of Physicians at Kazan University. Surgical section. Meeting 20/11-29
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

Doctor. V. I. Nizner. Demonstration of the patient after laminectomy for a spinal fracture. B-th, a worker, 35 years old, fell from a staircase 372 meters high. Dizziness, vomiting, back pain, stulag and urine retention. Swelling in the area of the spinous processes of the 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae. Spinal cord compression and spinal injury in the lumbar region are suspected.
The reaction of complement binding in male and female gonorrhea was tested by Freudental, Fischer and Stern (Klin. Woch. 1929, No. 7)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: September 2021

Of the 47 cases of male uncomplicated acute and chronic gonorrhea, 25% responded positively; of 68 cases of complicated gonorrhea, almost all responded positively.
The effect of chemicals on gonococci in animals was studied by Al. Cohn u. L. Abraham (Dermat. Ztschr. Bd. 52 H. 2. S. 95)
Authors: Dmitriev A.
Published: September 2021

Al. Cohn u. L. Abraham conducting his experiments on mice. The resulting culture of gonococci on Le-Vinthalʹya medium was washed off with saline and injected intraperitoneally in an amount of 0.3 c.cm.At the same time, treatment began, for which purpose various medicinal substances were also injected intraperitoneally in known concentrations in an amount of 0.5 cc.
Questions and answers. Volume 25, № 7-8 (1929)
Authors: Gasul R. Y.
Published: September 2021

Request for an indication of the literature of Doctor Dvoinevsky. Answer, a) On the question of "primary tumors of the mesentery" there is a major work by Filippov from 1898. In 1925, in "New chir. archive "there is an article" On dermoid cysts bol. omentum ", Dr. Skobunov. b) On the issue of perforated ulcers typhoid-typhoid there is a work by Migai in the works of Fedorov's clinic for 1910, On perforation of peptic ulcers of the small intestines is a work by Sholkovav No. 39, Nov. hir. archive ".
Classification of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sternberg ( Vrachebnoe Delo, 1923, No. 9-10)
Authors: Luria R.
Published: September 2021

Sternberg based his classification not on the division of forms of tuberculosis according to their extent in the lung tissue, nor on differences in anatomical and pathological changes in the lungs, but on the biological principle, which is expressed in the clinical manifestation of the disease as a reaction of the entire organism to the virus.
On pyoculture according to Delbet. Bokastova (New Chir. Arch., vol. 3, b. 1)
Authors: Bogolyubov V.
Published: September 2021

The past war produced a huge number of wounds complicated by infection and posed special problems for the surgeon in terms of predicting and treating such wounds. In a number of cases of such wound infections it seems to be very important to establish a prediction as to the severity of the infection. Meanwhile, bacteriological examination of pus and isolation of bacteria in pure cultures cannot answer this question. To solve this problem, Delbet proposed his method, which he called "pyoculture," which makes it possible to predict the outcome of the infection's fight with the organism.
The cause of tubal pregnancy. Schönholz (Zntrlb. f. G. 1923, no. 25), Griesser (Zntrb. f. G., 1921, no. 14)
Authors: Board E.
Published: September 2021

Schnholz sees the cause of tubal pregnancy in mechanical moments. In 36 cases of 26 tubal pregnancies he found the formation of coves and diverticula-like retractions of the mucosa in the muscularis of the tube. The author does not consider these formations as inflammatory, but as developmental abnormalities.
Treatment of chorea with congestive hyperemia. Biega Esau (Münch. m. Woch., No. 25, 1923)
Authors: Weinberg M.
Published: September 2021

At Віеr's suggestion, Esau used congestive hyperemia to treat chorea minor. Esau induced congestive hyperemia with a rubber bandage, which he applied to the patient's neck and tightened until he obtained appropriate congestion.
To the question of pathological and anatomical changes in the kidneys with their syphilitic lesion
Authors: Zhuravleva V. I.
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that an extensive literature is devoted to kidney syphilis, this question still cannot be considered finally resolved. The kidneys can be exposed to the action of syphilitic infection in any period of syphilis, but specific morphological changes in them are found only in the gummy period of the disease. Gumma diseases observed in this period are among the very rare finds during the section. When looking through the extensive literature, we did not come across definite statistical indications of the frequency of kidney damage by the gummy process and found only random information about the amount of renal gummy syphilis. So in Wagner (1881) on 9000 sections of the kidney gum were found in 3 cases; Spiess (1877) had 7 cases of gummy interstitial nephritis in 220 autopsies of syphilitics. Lancereaux (1866) noted one case of kidney gum in 24 syphilitic sections. The rarity of gummy kidney damage can be judged to a certain extent because among the vast museum of the Pathological and Anatomical Institute of Kazan University for a long period of its existence there has not been a single case of such a change in the kidneys.
Topography of the bony region of the mandibular mandible in connection with its resection by the method of Prof. P.M. Krasin
Authors: Kharitonov I. F.
Published: September 2021

Surgical methods of access to the oral cavity in order to remove tongue cancer can be divided into 5 groups: the first group includes methods of penetration through the natural mouth opening, especially with the use of auxiliary methods (undercutting of the frenulum, ligature through the tongue to extract it outwards, use of Whithead's mirror): to the second group belong those methods, where the way goes through the mouth, but with an additional incision across the cheek (methods of laeger's Naufelder, Mausonenveer); to the third group may be included those where to the plumb incision of soft parts of the lower lip is joined the transverse sawing of the lower jaw (methods Roux, Sedillot, Syme, Billroth'a, Langenbeck-Bergmann'a): To the fourth group I refer methods with access through the soft parts of the floor of the mouth (methods of Vernuel, Regnoli, Siamatei, Czerny-Billrich); finally, to the fifth group we can refer combined methods, where access goes through the incision of soft parts of the lower lip, neck, floor of the mouth with sawing of the lower jaw (methods of Kosher, Kornelin and Orlov).
Clinical observations on erythrocyte sedimentation rate reaction
Authors: Khanina-Gaiduk F. P.
Published: September 2021

The erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, introduced into clinical practice by FahraeuS'OM, has found the greatest application in gynecology. A number of works of German (Fahreus, Linzenmeier, Geppert, Haselhorst, Mahnert, Gnssle; Molnar, Oettinger, etc.) and Russian (Mandelstam, Bronnikova, Popova-Terebinskaya, Izakson, etc.) authors quite established its suitability for clinical purposes, and at present, study of this reaction should pass, as Dr. Bronnikova rightly put it, to the phase of studying various details connected with its application at the patient bedside. In the present report we present the results of our clinical observations made with the help of this reaction in the Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of the Kazan Clinical Institute and partly on cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy in the Faculty Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of Prof. V.S. Gruzdev.
Tooth enamel defects as an indication of disease at an early age. Kassowitz (Zeit. f. Kinderheilk., Bd. 38, H. 3)
Authors: Lukyanchikova M.
Published: September 2021

The etiology of defects in the formation of permanent tooth enamel remained unclear for a long time. Most authors attributed them to rickets, tetany and syphilis. Kassowitz, on the basis of his research on a large material (2753 cases), concludes that the main cause of these defects is the general growth disorder of the body during the development of the teeth.
About ROKK's work in the Northern Territory
Authors: Turkin S. K.
Published: September 2021

The attention of all organizations of the ROKK is focused on servicing logging, logging and timber rafting, the main leading industry in the region. The most distant organizations of the ROKK a are in the Komi region, in the Nentsky district along the Pechora and the coast of the Arctic Ocean, in the Menzezhsky and Onega districts.
On the issue of professional tremor
Authors: Rotshtein G. A.
Published: September 2021

When studying the neuropsychic health of workers in the blacksmith shop at the Krasny Yakor plant, we found a large number of cases of severe hand tremors in the workers examined. "
P. Haudurov. Les ultravirus et les formes filtrantes des microbes. P. 392. Paris, Masson et C-ie, 1929. Price fr. 40
Authors: Breitman M. Ya.
Published: September 2021

This book presents the first French work devoted to ultravirus and the description of 63 diseases caused by it.
Diseases of the circulatory system in childhood. Priv.-Doz. A.F. Heсht (Die Arztliche Praxis No. 3, 1929)
Authors: Raysky S. M.
Published: September 2021

Diseases of the circulatory system in childhood are subdivided into Priv.-Doz. A.F. Hсht (Die Arztliche Praxis No. 3, 1929) into six groups: The first group: endo-, myo- and pericarditis - in infancy are mostly associated with an umbilical infection, suppurative processes, gonorrhea or influenza infection, and later - in connection with rheumatism. Therapy consists in complete rest, digestible food, care for emptying the intestines and in the elimination of all irritations.
Massive doses of hepatic extract were used by Connery (Journ.. Am. M. A., V. 97, 9)
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: September 2021

Applied Connery (Journ. .Am. MA, V. 97, 9) to 6 patients with malignant anemia (three severe patients and 3 moribund'ov), giving each of them once per os or through a tube but 30-50 vials of hepatic extract (1 vial is obtained from 100.0 liver).
Delaying effect of fresh syphilis on classic seizures of Malaria tertiana. Perekropov (Arch. F. Schif. U. Trop., 1929, Bd. 33)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: September 2021

Perekropov (Arch. F. Schif. U., 1929, Bd. 33) describes an interesting case of infection with syphilis in a patient who was simultaneously suffering from acute malaria; the latter, despite anti-syphilitic treatment (mercury + Neo), did not disappear, but only changed the clinical course and soon gave relapses; in addition, in two cases of chronic malaria and syphilis, one infection could not suppress the other.
About thrombosis and pulmonary embolism D. Saratoff (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161. H.3)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

D. Saratoff (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161. H.3) provides statistical material on thrombosis and pulmonary embolism of the Leipzig surgical site for ten years from 1920 to 1929 inclusive.
Are there mixed forms of congenital and acquired syphilis in infants? E. Hoffmann (D.m.W, No. 31, 1929)
Authors: Dmitriev A.
Published: September 2021

E. Hoffmann (D.m.W, No. 31, 1929) indicates that the statement about the possibility of the existence of those and other forms of syphilis in infants is substantiated by clinical and experimental studies of superinfection.
About the bacterial flora with appendicitis. D. E. Hudacsek and F. Kerb 1er (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161. H. 3)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

D. E. Hudacsek and F. Kerb 1er (Arch. F. Klin. Chir. Bd. 161. H. 3) examined 150 appendixes and, using the influenza epidemic, established that clinical observations speak for the existence of a connection in some cases between the influenza epidemic and the coming appendicitis.
Cervical ribs and their surgical treatment. H. Jacobsohn (Arch, f. Klin. Chirurg. Bd. 161. H. 3)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: September 2021

H. Jacobsohn (Arch, f. Klin. Chirurg. Bd. 161. H. 3), based on the proposals of the Americans Adson and Coffey (1926), in 8 cases. the cervical ribs cut the tendon w. scalenus, anter.
Letter No. 1. Volume 25, No. 10 (1929)
Authors: Rubashev S. M.
Published: September 2021

Dear Comrade editor! Do not refuse to place in your journal the following letter of appeal to the doctors of the Union, for which I will be very grateful.
Working time budgets for some groups of hospital staff
Authors: Lieberman M. M.
Published: September 2021

The problem of rationalizing human labor in order to achieve its highest efficiency, which is becoming extremely important at this stage of socialist construction, should also become widespread in the field of medical labor.
Issues of examination of the ability to work in the practical work of a doctor
Authors: Sadovsky V. A.
Published: September 2021

Medical expertise has its origins in the distant past. Prof. Shibkov attributes it to the time of the emergence of forensic medicine, namely for Zap. Europe by 1532, when the charter of Charles V was issued (the so-called Cardina), and for Russia by 1716, when the military charter was issued (article 154) (under Peter I). In the distant past (about 200 years ago) it appears in Zap. In Europe, the practice of insurance expertise is first in the interests of private and voluntary, and then compulsory insurance.