bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation‐Mediated Kinetic Strategies for Engineering Metal–Phenolic Networks
Authors: Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Li Shiyao , Chen Jingqu , Xie Ke , Pan Shuaijun , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank
Published: July 2019

The tunable growth of metal–organic materials has implications for engineering particles and surfaces for diverse applications. Specifically, controlling the self‐assembly of metal–phenolic networks (MPNs), an emerging class of metal–organic materials, is challenging, as previous studies suggest that growth often terminates through kinetic trapping. Herein, kinetic strategies were used to temporally and spatially control MPN growth by promoting self‐correction of the coordinating building blocks through oxidation‐mediated MPN assembly. The formation and growth mechanisms were investigated and used to engineer films with microporous structures and continuous gradients. Moreover, reactive oxygen species generated by ultrasonication expedite oxidation and result in faster (ca. 30 times) film growth than that achieved by other MPN assembly methods. This study expands our understanding of metal–phenolic chemistry towards engineering metal–phenolic materials for various applications.
An Unprecedented Knot‐like G‐Quadruplex Peripheral Motif
Authors: Truong Thi Hong Anh , Winnerdy Fernaldo Richtia , Phan Anh Tuân
Published: July 2019

A knot‐like G‐quadruplex peripheral structure is formed by a 7‐nt DNA sequence DL7 (TGTTGGT), in which six out of its seven nucleobases participate in compact base‐pairing interactions. Here, the solution NMR structure of a 24‐nt DNA oligonucleotide containing the DL7 sequence shows the interaction between a two‐layer anti‐parallel G‐quadruplex core and the peripheral knot‐like structure, including the construction of two sharp turns in the DNA backbone. The formation of this novel structural element highlights the intricate properties of single‐stranded DNA folding in presence of G‐quadruplex‐forming motifs. We demonstrated the compatibility of the DL7 knot‐like structure with various G‐quadruplexes, which could have implications in drug design and DNA engineering.
Sustainable polylysine conversion to nitrogen‐containing porous carbon flakes: Potential application in supercapacitors
Authors: Min Jiakang , Xu Xiaodong , Li Jiaxin , Ma Changde , Gong Jiang , Wen Xin , Chen Xuecheng , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Tang Tao
Published: July 2019

The derived lysine from biomass fermentation is a naturally abundant renewable resource. However, the small molecular size of lysine limits its processing and application. On the other side, carbonization of polylysine into high‐valued carbon materials is one of convenient options to apply for energy storage devices. Herein, we prepare polylysine@silica hybrid nanostructure through thermal polymerization of lysine and biosilicification of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Subsequently, nitrogen‐containing porous carbon flakes (NPCF) are synthesized upon carbonization. Interestingly, the synthesized NPCF presents hierarchical porous framework structure with interconnected micro‐meso‐macro pores. Consequently, the NPCF delivers an excellent supercapacitor performance. For instance, our characterizations display specific capacitance up to 242 F/g at 1 mV/s and 186 F/g at 1 A/g, and could keep 96.3% initial capacity after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. These achievements are because of hierarchical porosity, proper nitrogen content, and accessible surface area of nanostructured NPCF. Therefore, our work creates a novel and sustainable route for fabricating NPCF with promising applications in the supercapacitors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48214.
Combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nonlinear methods to analyze the copolymerization of phosphonic acid derivatives
Authors: Heinze Marcus , Starke Sandra , Händler Marcel , Komber Hartmut , Drache Marco , Moszner Norbert , Voit Brigitte , Pospiech Doris
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate in this study that the combination of modern inline monitoring methods [here: inline nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] with simulations gains more exact and profound kinetic results than previously used methods like linearization without that combination. The 1H‐NMR spectroscopic data (more than 100 data points) are used to construct the copolymerization diagram. The reactivity ratios are obtained applying the van Herks nonlinear least square method. The examination of the radical copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with (2‐{[2‐(ethoxycarbonyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐yl]oxy}ethyl) phosphonic acid (ECPPA) as important adhesive monomer used in dentistry yields reactivity ratios of rHEMA = 1.83; rECPPA = 0.42. The copolymerization diagram reflects nonideal, non‐azeotropic copolymerization. The sequence distribution of the obtained by Monte Carlo simulation indicates the generation of statistical copolymers. As an important finding, it is demonstrated that the repeating units responsible for etching and adhesion are arranged over the whole polymer chain, which is necessary to achieve proper functionality. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48256.
Influence of graphene‐based compounds on the mechanical toughness and thermal stability of polypropylene
Authors: Castillo Juan , Lozano Tomas , Garcia Ricardo , Morales‐Zamudio Luisiana , López‐Barroso Juventino , Lafleur Pierre G. , Karami Shahir , Sanchez‐Valdes Saul , Martinez‐Colunga Guillermo , Rodriguez Francisco , Perez‐Berumen Catalina , Flores Sergio , García Antonio
Published: July 2019

A study of the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites prepared with polypropylene (PP) and different graphene samples [graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (RGO), and commercial graphene (G)] is presented. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization were applied to the graphene samples. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile, and impact resistance tests. PP/RGO nanocomposites showed significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties. Sample PP/RGO‐0.75 resulted in an increment in Young's modulus (51%), tensile strength (24%), and elongation at break (15%). This is attributed to a good dispersion state, a higher crystallinity percentage, and a good interfacial adhesion between PP and RGO. Sample PP/RGO‐0.50 exhibited an increase of 197 °C in the temperature at which a loss in weight of 5% occurred, compared to that for pure PP. The height of stacked layers calculated by XRD measurements was similar to the value observed by TEM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48258.
Evaluating the upper thermal limits of glochidia for selected freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in central and east Texas, and the implications for their conservation
Authors: Khan Jennifer M. , Hart Michael , Dudding Jack , Robertson Clinton R. , Lopez Roel , Randklev Charles R.
Published: July 2019

Understanding the temperature tolerances of organisms is critical because the thermal regimes of freshwater ecosystems are changing globally. Native freshwater mussels are sensitive to increasing water temperatures because of their physiology and unique life history. Detailed knowledge on lethal temperatures for mussels has been limited to less than 5% of the species known to occur in North America, and little is known about the thermal tolerances of mussel species from rivers within the south‐western USA.

To determine the effects of elevated water temperature on mussels, the upper thermal tolerances of larvae (glochidia) for the following species across four basins in Texas (Neches, Guadalupe, San Antonio, and Colorado) were tested: Amblema plicata, Cyclonaias necki, Fusconaia mitchelli, Lampsilis bracteata, Lampsilis hydiana, Lampsilis satura, Lampsilis teres, and Obovaria arkansasensis.

Glochidia were acclimated to 27°C across a range of experimental temperatures (30–39°C) in 24‐h standard acute laboratory tests. The median lethal temperature (LT50) among glochidia averaged 32.4°C and ranged from 26.9 to 36.4°C.

Thermal tolerances differed significantly among and within species, and by season. Comparing these results with current water temperatures in central and east Texas indicated that populations of the focal species studied are at risk from rising environmental temperatures and, as a consequence, their long‐term viability will be challenging in future years.
Using mixture‐amount modeling to optimize the advertising media mix and quantify cross‐media synergy for specific target groups
Authors: Goos Peter , Dens Nathalie , De Pelsmacker Patrick , Aleksandrovs Leonids
Published: July 2019

One of the critical decisions in media planning is how to allocate advertising efforts across different media. While studies indicate that marketers can create positive synergy effects by spreading their effort across several media, there is little understanding of how much should be invested in each specific medium to optimize advertising results. In this study, we apply a novel methodology, mixture‐amount modeling, which allows advertisers to determine the optimal allocation of advertising effort across media as a function of the total advertising effort. Moreover, we test how the optimal allocation and the resulting response change for consumers with distinctive media usage patterns and varying degrees of product category experience. Based on these results, we quantify the potential synergy between media and calculate the synergistic capacity for specific target groups. We apply the model to data from 52 beauty care advertising campaigns that ran on TV and in magazines in the Netherlands and Belgium. We determine the optimal allocation of advertising investments (measured through Gross Rating Points) to maximize campaign recognition. Our findings support the existence of positive synergistic effects between magazine and TV advertising and illustrate that these effects depend on consumers' media usage and product category experience.
The language network in autism: Atypical functional connectivity with default mode and visual regions
Authors: Gao Yangfeifei , Linke Annika , Jao Keehn Ruth Joanne , Punyamurthula Sanjana , Jahedi Afrooz , Gates Kathleen , Fishman Inna , Müller Ralph‐Axel
Published: July 2019

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with atypical brain connectivity. Although language abilities vary widely, they are impaired or atypical in most children with ASDs. Underlying brain mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. The present study examined intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the extended language network in a cohort of 52 children and adolescents with ASDs (ages 8–18 years), using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that, in comparison to typically developing peers (n = 50), children with ASDs showed increased connectivity between some language regions. In addition, seed‐to‐whole brain analyses revealed increased connectivity of language regions with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and visual regions in the ASD group. Post hoc effective connectivity analyses revealed a mediation effect of PCC on the iFC between bilateral inferior frontal and visual regions in an ASD subgroup. This finding qualifies and expands on previous reports of recruitment of visual areas in language processing in ASDs. In addition, increased iFC between PCC and visual regions was linked to lower language scores in this ASD subgroup, suggesting that increased connectivity with visual cortices, mediated by default mode regions, may be detrimental to language abilities. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1344–1355. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We examined the functional connectivity between regions of the language network in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) compared to typically developing peers. We found connectivity to be intact between core language in the ASD group, but also showed abnormally increased connectivity between regions of an extended language network. Additionally, connectivity was increased with regions associated with brain networks responsible for self‐reflection and visual processing.
Synthesis of cinnabarinic acid by metabolically engineered Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72
Authors: Yue Sheng‐Jie , Song Chen , Li Song , Huang Peng , Guo Shu‐Qi , Hu Hong‐Bo , Wang Wei , Zhang Xue‐Hong
Published: July 2019

Cinnabarinic acid is a valuable phenoxazinone that has broad applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and dyeing industries. However, few studies have investigated the production of cinnabarinic acid or its derivatives using genetically engineered microorganisms. Herein, an efficient synthetic pathway of cinnabarinic acid was designed and constructed in Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72 for the first tim, which was more straightforward and robust than the known eukaryotic biosynthetic pathways. First, we screened and identified trans‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (DHHA) dehydrogenases from Escherichia coli MG1655 (encoded by entA), Streptomyces sp. NRRL12068 (encoded by bomO) and Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL3882 (encoded by calB3) based on the structural similarity of the substrate and product, and the DHHA dehydrogenase encoded by calB3 was selected for the synthesis of cinnabarinic acid due to its high DHHA conversion rate. Subsequently, cinnabarinic acid was synthesized by the expression of the DHHA dehydrogenase CalB3 and the phenoxazinone synthase CotA in the DHHA‐producing strain P. chlororaphis GP72, resulting in a cinnabarinic acid titer of 20.3 mg/L at 48 hr. Further fermentation optimization by the addition of Cu2+, H2O2, and with adding glycerol increased cinnabarinic acid titer to 136.2 mg/L in shake flasks. The results indicate that P. chlororaphis GP72 may be engineered as a microbial cell factory to produce cinnabarinic acid or its derivatives from renewable bioresources.
Hybrid physics‐based and data‐driven modeling for bioprocess online simulation and optimization
Authors: Zhang Dongda , Del Rio‐Chanona Ehecatl Antonio , Petsagkourakis Panagiotis , Wagner Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Model‐based online optimization has not been widely applied to bioprocesses due to the challenges of modeling complex biological behaviors, low‐quality industrial measurements, and lack of visualization techniques for ongoing processes. This study proposes an innovative hybrid modeling framework which takes advantages of both physics‐based and data‐driven modeling for bioprocess online monitoring, prediction, and optimization. The framework initially generates high‐quality data by correcting raw process measurements via a physics‐based noise filter (a generally available simple kinetic model with high fitting but low predictive performance); then constructs a predictive data‐driven model to identify optimal control actions and predict discrete future bioprocess behaviors. Continuous future process trajectories are subsequently visualized by re‐fitting the simple kinetic model (soft sensor) using the data‐driven model predicted discrete future data points, enabling the accurate monitoring of ongoing processes at any operating time. This framework was tested to maximize fed‐batch microalgal lutein production by combining with different online optimization schemes and compared against the conventional open‐loop optimization technique. The optimal results using the proposed framework were found to be comparable to the theoretically best production, demonstrating its high predictive and flexible capabilities as well as its potential for industrial application.
Coexpression of CMP‐sialic acid transporter reduces N‐glycolylneuraminic acid levels of recombinant glycoproteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Kang Dong Gyun , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: July 2019

Recombinant glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contain two forms of sialic acids; N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as a major type and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as a minor type. The Neu5Gc glycan moieties in therapeutic glycoproteins can elicit immune responses because they do not exist in human. In the present work, to reduce Neu5Gc levels of recombinant glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures, we coexpressed cytidine‐5′‐monophosphate‐sialic acid transporter (CMP‐SAT) that is an antiporter and transports cytosolic CMP‐sialic acids (both forms) into Golgi lumen. When human erythropoietin was used as a target human glycoprotein, coexpression of CMP‐SAT resulted in a significant decrease of Neu5Gc level by 41.4% and a notable increase of Neu5Ac level by 21.2%. This result could be reasonably explained by our hypothesis that the turnover rate of Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc catalyzed by CMP‐Neu5Ac hydroxylase would be reduced through facilitated transportation of Neu5Ac into Golgi apparatus by coexpression of CMP‐SAT. We confirmed the effects of CMP‐SAT coexpression on the decrease of Neu5Gc level and the increase of Neu5Ac level using another glycoprotein human DNase I. Therefore, CMP‐SAT coexpression might be an effective strategy to reduce the levels of undesired Neu5Gc in recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures.
Immuno-oncology for surgeons
Authors: Lee S L , Al-Shamkhani A , Mirnezami A
Published: July 2019

Cancer has traditionally been treated with surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The focus of treatment has been the mutated neoplastic cell. Critical advances in genomic and molecular techniques herald the potential for personalized treatments. Incremental breakthroughs in immunology have translated to a step-change in care by providing a mechanistic understanding of the immune system and how it may be mobilized to target cancer cells. As a result, clinical trials of immune-modifying agents have increased at an exponential rate and are revolutionizing cancer care. It is increasingly likely that the surgical oncologist will find themself caring for patients who have had immuno-oncology therapies as part of their neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. This review provides an update on immuno-oncology for the surgeon, covering the mechanisms of action of the agents in use. Emerging and surgically relevant toxicities are discussed, and available data on combining and sequencing cancer surgery with immuno-oncology treatments are summarized.
Remove the Guesswork of the Human Behavior Behind Corporate Governance
Authors: Massie Hugh
Published: July 2019

Hugh Massie is the CEO and founder of Atlanta‐based DNA Behavior International and a champion of the practical application of behavioral insights. In this article, he discusses how the use of simple, reliable, and scalable discovery tools could reveal behavioral insights that give an organization's leaders a predictive edge in corporate governance.
Look ahead when setting, reviewing, adjusting compensation packages for top execs
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: July 2019

Executive compensation in higher education has attracted national media attention in recent months, particularly as it relates to top executives, like head coaches and college presidents.
Revisiting the Language of Glycoscience: Readers, Writers and Erasers in Carbohydrate Biochemistry
Authors: Dedola Simone , Rugen Michael D. , Young Robert J. , Field Robert A.
Published: July 2019

The roles of carbohydrates in nature are many and varied. However, the lack of template encoding in glycoscience distances carbohydrate structure, and hence function, from gene sequence. This challenging situation is compounded by descriptors of carbohydrate structure and function that have tended to emphasise their complexity. Herein, we suggest that revising the language of glycoscience could make interdisciplinary discourse more accessible to all interested parties.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Adjacent Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters: Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of an Hydantoin Surrogate with Azaarene 2‐Carbaldehydes
Authors: Izquierdo June , Demurget Noémie , Landa Aitor , Brinck Tore , Mercero Jose M. , Dinér Peter , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio
Published: July 2019

A bifunctional amine/squaramide catalyst promoted direct aldol addition of an hydantoin surrogate to pyridine 2‐carbaldehyde N‐oxides to afford adducts bearing two vicinal tertiary/quaternary carbons in high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (d.r. up to >20:1; ee up to 98 %) is reported. Acid hydrolysis of adducts followed by reduction of the N‐oxide group yields enantiopure carbinol‐tethered quaternary hydantoin‐azaarene conjugates with densely functionalized skeletons. DFT studies of the potential energy surface (B3LYP/6–31+G(d)+CPCM (dichloromethane)) of the reaction correlate the activity of different catalysts and support an intramolecular hydrogen‐bond‐assisted activation of the squaramide moiety in the transition state of the catalytic reaction.
Contemporary benefit‐harm profile over two decades in primary prophylactic ICD‐therapy
Authors: Kleemann Thomas , Strauss Margit , Kouraki Kleopatra , Lampropoulou Eleni , Fendt Andràs , Werner Nicolas , Zahn Ralf
Published: July 2019

Background

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implemented into clinical routine more than 20 years ago. Since then, ICD therapy became standard therapy for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in clinical practice.

Objectives

Aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit‐harm profile of contemporary primary prophylactic ICD therapy.

Methods

A total of 1222 consecutive patients of a prospective single‐center ICD‐registry were analyzed who underwent primary prophylactic ICD implantation between 2000 and 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to the implantation year: 2010‐2017 (group 1, n = 579) and 2000‐2009 (group 2, n = 643).

Results

The rate of estimated appropriate ICD therapy after 8 years was 51% in the 2000s and 42% in the 2010s (P < .001). The complication rate changed slightly from 53% to 47% (P = .005). This decline was mainly driven by the reduction of inappropriate ICD shocks (30% vs 14%, P < .001) whereas the rate of ICD shock lead malfunction and device/ lead infection remained unchanged over time. Nonischemic cardiomyopathy was an independent predictor for ICD complications without benefit of ICD therapy (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07‐1.77).

Conclusion

The ICD therapy rate for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with primary prophylactic ICD implantation is decreasing over the last two decades. Complication rate remains high due to an unchanged rate of ICD shock malfunctions and device infections. Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is an independent predictor for ICD complications without benefit of ICD therapy in primary prophylactic ICD‐therapy.
The Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of Mepolizumab 100 mg Liquid Formulation Administered Subcutaneously to Healthy Participants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shabbir Shaila , Pouliquen Isabelle J. , Bentley Jane H. , Bradford Eric S. , C. Kaisermann Morrys , Albayaty Muna
Published: July 2019

This study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a new liquid formulation of mepolizumab with the established lyophilized formulation. In this open‐label, parallel‐group, single‐dose study (NCT03014674; GSK ID: 204958), healthy participants were randomized (1:1:1) to receive a single mepolizumab dose (100 mg) administered subcutaneously as liquid in a single‐use prefilled syringe or single‐use prefilled autoinjector, or as a lyophilized formulation. Maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero (predose) to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t), and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) as well as additional PK parameters, safety assessments, and blood eosinophil count were evaluated. In total, 244 participants received study drug. All PK parameters were similar across the 3 groups; 90% confidence intervals for maximum plasma concentration, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ treatment ratios (liquid prefilled syringe or autoinjector vs lyophilized formulation) were within conventional bioequivalence bounds (0.80‐1.25), demonstrating statistical PK comparability. On‐treatment adverse event incidence was 29% to 38%. Mepolizumab liquid formulation administered via prefilled syringe or autoinjector had similar PK properties to the lyophilized formulation, with no safety concerns identified.
Practical Considerations for Continuum Models Applied to Surface Electrochemistry
Authors: Gauthier Joseph A. , Dickens Colin F. , Ringe Stefan , Chan Karen
Published: July 2019

Modelling the electrolyte at the electrochemical interface remains a major challenge in ab initio simulations of charge transfer processes at surfaces. Recently, the development of hybrid polarizable continuum models/ab initio models have allowed for the treatment of solvation and electrolyte charge in a computationally efficient way. However, challenges remain in its application. Recent literature has reported that large cell heights are required to reach convergence, which presents a serious computational cost. Furthermore, calculations of reaction energetics require costly iterations to tune the surface charge to the desired potential. In this work, we present a simple capacitor model of the interface that illuminates how to circumvent both of these challenges. We derive a correction to the energy for finite cell heights to obtain the large cell energies at no additional computational expense. We furthermore demonstrate that the reaction energetics determined at constant charge are easily mapped to those at constant potential, which eliminates the need to apply iterative schemes to tune the system to a constant potential. These developments together represent more than an order of magnitude reduction of the computational overhead required for the application of polarizable continuum models to surface electrochemistry.
Privacy‐preserving authentication scheme for on‐road on‐demand refilling of pseudonym in VANET
Authors: Benarous Leila , Kadri Benamar , Bitam Salim , Mellouk Abdelhamid
Published: July 2019

Privacy in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is fundamental because the user's safety may be threatened by the identity and the real‐time spatiotemporal data exchanged on the network. This issue is commonly addressed by the use of certified temporal pseudonyms and their updating strategies to ensure the user's unlinkability and anonymity. IEEE 1609.2 Standard specified the process of certifying pseudonym along with certificates structure. However, the communication procedure between the certifying authority and the requesting vehicle was not defined. In this paper, a new privacy‐preserving solution for pseudonym on‐road on‐demand refilling is proposed where the vehicle anonymously authenticates itself to the regional authority subsidiary of the central trusted authority to request a new pseudonyms pool. The authentication method has two phases, the first one uses anonymous tickets, and the second one is a challenge‐based authentication. The anonymous tickets are certificates that do not include the identity of the user. Instead, it contains a reference number and the certifying authority signature. The challenge authentication is identity‐less to preserve the privacy, yet it is used to prevent the misuse of tickets and the impersonation of its owner. Our proposed scheme is analyzed by the use of Burrows, Abadi and Needham (BAN) logic to demonstrate its correctness. It is also specified and checked by using the Security Protocol ANimator (SPAN) and the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tools. The logical demonstration proved that this privacy‐preserving authentication is assured. The SPAN and AVISPA tools illustrated that it is resilient to security attacks.
Limit scandals by monitoring intersection of athletics, admissions processes
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: July 2019

The recent college admissions scandal rocked the celebrity world and caused unpleasant and unexpected pain and suffering at several athletics departments, admissions offices, and universities. The initial disclosure of it was all the more startling and headline‐grabbing when it became instantaneous national news at an FBI press conference. Fraud of any type associated with the admissions process is a serious concern, and this scheme has so far resulted in arrests, indictments, and potential prison time for the individuals involved. The fact that certain individuals were able to come up with a scheme that led to their family members being successfully admitted into universities has also evoked feelings of anger, outrage, indignation, and fundamental unfairness. For the universities associated with the reported cases, they're dealing with the public relations backlash, reputational damage, and ongoing questions on how these situations could have arisen in the first place.
Early arrival on campus has boosted students with autism
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2019

The University of West Florida's Argos for Autism program has served the needs of students on the autism spectrum for more than a decade, taking on more of an individualized coaching role as these students’ goals have changed.
Study finds people hide their disabilities at work
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2019

Nearly a third (30%) of the workforce matches the current federal definition of having a disability, but only 39% of those with a disability disclose that fact to an employer. Those findings come from a recent study conducted by the Center for Talent Innovation and published in the Harvard Business Review.
Variability in remission in family therapy for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Huryk Kathryn M. , Murray Stuart B. , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Loeb Katharine L.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The evolution toward more stringent conceptualizations of remission in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) has, with time, introduced variability in outcomes across randomized controlled trials (RCTs). An examination of remission across the history of research on family therapy for AN shows that earlier studies adopted lenient definitions and generally yielded higher rates of remission than studies of the past decade that have used stricter definitions of remission. In this study, we investigate the reactivity of remission rates to the application of different definitions of remission used within the family therapy for AN literature, within a single RCT data set.

Method

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a single‐site RCT which compared the relative efficacy of two formats of family therapy in a sample of 106 Australian adolescents with AN. Using end‐of‐treatment data, we compared remission rates using 11 definitions of remission that have been used in studies of family therapy for AN spanning more than three decades.

Results

We found wide variability in remission rates (21.7–87.7%; Cochran's Q χ2(10, N = 106) = 303.55, p = .000], depending on which definition of remission was applied. As expected, more lenient criteria produced higher remission rates than more stringent definitions.

Discussion

Applying different criteria of remission to a single data set illustrates the impact of changing how remission is defined. Failure to consider the greater stringency of remission criteria in recent studies could result in false inferences concerning the efficacy of family therapy for AN over time.
Convergence in maternal and child reports of impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and trait anxiety, and their predictive utility for binge‐eating behaviors
Authors: Vo Phuong T. , Racine Sarah E. , Burt Sybil Alexandra , Klump Kelly L.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Early detection of binge‐eating (BE) behaviors and their risk factors is associated with better outcomes. A multi‐informant approach for assessing BE psychopathology and risk factors has been emphasized to increase the probability and accuracy of early detection. Impulsivity (particularly negative and positive urgency), trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms are associated with BE behaviors. The present study examined maternal‐child convergence of reports of child BE, impulsivity, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms and examined the predictive power of maternal reports for child‐reported BE behaviors.

Method

Participants included 927 female twins (aged 8–16 years) and 468 mothers from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Risk factors and BE were assessed with self‐report questionnaires.

Results

Intraclass correlation coefficients showed fair‐to‐moderate inter‐rater agreement (ICCs = .31–.41) between maternal and child reports of risk factors and low‐to‐fair agreement for BE (ICCs = .05–.29). Controlling for the effects of age, pubertal status, body mass index, and family relatedness, multilevel models showed that maternal reports of child impulsivity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms did not add predictive power above and beyond child reports.

Discussion

Results call into question the utility and practical implications of using maternal reports to supplement child reports for BE and its risk factors.
Individual tree traits shape insect and disease damage on oak in a climate‐matching tree diversity experiment
Authors: Field Elsa , Schönrogge Karsten , Barsoum Nadia , Hector Andrew , Gibbs Melanie
Published: July 2019

Diversifying planted forests by increasing genetic and species diversity is often promoted as a method to improve forest resilience to climate change and reduce pest and pathogen damage. In this study, we used a young tree diversity experiment replicated at two sites in the UK to study the impacts of tree diversity and tree provenance (geographic origin) on the oak (Quercus robur) insect herbivore community and a specialist biotrophic pathogen, oak powdery mildew. Local UK, French, and Italian provenances were planted in monocultures, provenance mixtures, and species mixes, allowing us to test whether: (a) local and nonlocal provenances differ in their insect herbivore and pathogen communities, and (b) admixing trees leads to associational effects on insect herbivore and pathogen damage. Tree diversity had variable impacts on foliar organisms across sites and years, suggesting that diversity effects can be highly dependent on environmental context. Provenance identity impacted upon both herbivores and powdery mildew, but we did not find consistent support for the local adaptation hypothesis for any group of organisms studied. Independent of provenance, we found tree vigor traits (shoot length, tree height) and tree apparency (the height of focal trees relative to their surroundings) were consistent positive predictors of powdery mildew and insect herbivory. Synthesis. Our results have implications for understanding the complex interplay between tree identity and diversity in determining pest damage, and show that tree traits, partially influenced by tree genotype, can be important drivers of tree pest and pathogen loads.
Dynamic prediction of left ventricular assist device pump thrombosis based on lactate dehydrogenase trends
Authors: Hurst Thomas E. , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Ehrlinger John , Rajeswaran Jeevanantham , Pande Amol , Thuita Lucy , Smedira Nicholas G. , Moazami Nader , Blackstone Eugene H. , Starling Randall C.
Published: July 2019

Aims

The risk of HeartMate II (HMII) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) thrombosis has been reported, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a biomarker of haemolysis, increases secondary to LVAD thrombosis. This study evaluated longitudinal measurements of LDH post‐LVAD implantation, hypothesizing that LDH trends could timely predict future LVAD thrombosis.

Methods and results

From October 2004 to October 2014, 350 HMIIs were implanted in 323 patients at Cleveland Clinic. Of these, patients on 339 HMIIs had at least one post‐implant LDH value (7996 total measurements). A two‐step joint model combining longitudinal biomarker data and pump thrombosis events was generated to assess the effect of changing LDH on thrombosis risk. Device‐specific LDH trends were first smoothed using multivariate boosted trees, and then used as a time‐varying covariate function in a multiphase hazard model to analyse time to thrombosis. Pre‐implant variables associated with time‐varying LDH values post‐implant using boostmtree were also investigated. Standardized variable importance for each variable was estimated as the difference between model‐based prediction error of LDH when the variable was randomly permuted and prediction error without permuting the values. The larger this difference, the more important a variable is for predicting the trajectory of post‐implant LDH. Thirty‐five HMIIs (10%) had either confirmed (18) or suspected (17) thrombosis, with 15 (43%) occurring within 3 months of implant. LDH was associated with thrombosis occurring both early and late after implant (P < 0.0001 for both hazard phases). The model demonstrated increased probability of HMII thrombosis as LDH trended upward, with steep changes in LDH trajectory paralleling trajectories in probability of pump thrombosis. The most important baseline variables predictive of the longitudinal pattern of LDH were higher bilirubin, higher pre‐implant LDH, and older age. The effect of some pre‐implant variables such as sodium on the post‐implant LDH longitudinal pattern differed across time.

Conclusions

Longitudinal trends in surveillance LDH for patients on HMII support are useful for dynamic prediction of pump thrombosis, both early after implant and late. Incorporating upward and downward trends in LDH that dynamically update a model of LVAD thrombosis risk provides a useful tool for clinical management and decisions.
The Alkylation and Reduction of Heteroarenes with Alcohols Using Photoredox Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer via Chlorine Atom Generation
Authors: Zidan Montserrat , Morris Avery O. , McCallum Terry , Barriault Louis
Published: July 2019

Radical additions to heteroaromatic bases are frequently employed for the rapid synthesis of complex products using C–H functionalization strategies. The conditions that are commonly employed are typically harsh, routinely requiring stoichiometric oxidants and other additives. In search for milder reaction environments allowing late‐stage functionalization, we present the alkylation of N‐heteroarenes using primary alcohols and ethers as radical precursors, where the corresponding alkyl radical is formed via hydrogen atom transfer process with a photoredox catalyzed chlorine atom generation as HAT agent. Furthermore, we explore the reduction of the heteroarenes in moderate to high yields when using secondary alcohols.
Electrochemical Signal‐triggered Release of Biomolecules Functionalized with His‐tag Units
Authors: Bellare Madhura , Kadambar Vasantha Krishna , Bollella Paolo , Gamella Maria , Katz Evgeny , Melman Artem
Published: July 2019

His‐tagged molecular species, a ferrocene derivative and Protein A, were immobilized on electrode surfaces (Au and graphite) through formation of a chelated complex in the presence of Cu2+ cations used as bridging units. The complex was cleaved and the attached molecules were released from the electrode surface by applying reductive potential to the electrodes resulting in Cu2+ reduction, thus decomposing the chelate complex. The molecule release process was followed by cyclic voltammetry in case of the ferrocene derivative. His‐tagged Protein A was additionally labeled with a fluorescent tag and its release was followed by fluorescence measurements in the solution and by impedance spectroscopy at the electrode. The studied release of the His‐tagged redox species and biomolecules was considered as a new generic approach to the signal‐controlled molecule release applicable in various biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Complementary Configuration Research of New Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Driven by Renewable Energy under Energy Management Modes
Authors: Yu Xiaobao , Geng Yuqing
Published: July 2019

To optimize the use of distributed energy, this work builds a combined cooling heating and power system (CCHP) driven by distributed energy, including three subsystems: the electricity subsystem, CCHP subsystem, and ground source heat pump (GSHP) subsystem. Then, energy, economic and environmental performance indicators are constructed using a natural gas‐driven CCHP system (NG CCHP) as the frame of reference. Thirdly, three system operation modes are put forward, including following the thermal load (FTL) mode, following the electric load (FEL) mode, and electric load combine thermal load (ECT) mode. In the meantime, three kinds of system operation modes are proposed, including optimization of energy rate (ER), total operation cost (TOC), and carbon dioxide emission reduction (CER). Finally, Shanghai World Expo is analyzed as a simulation object. The results show that the optimal target operation strategy can balance the results of different optimization by increasing the partial load rate of the gas‐steam combined cycle system and reducing the pumping ratio of the steam turbine. Compared with the NG CCHP system, the new CCHP system performs better. The sensitivity analysis shows, as the coefficient of performance of the chiller increases and the price of NG decreases, the performance of the new CCHP system will become better.
Migration characteristics and deep profile control mechanism of polymer microspheres in porous media
Authors: Li Jianbing , Niu Liwei , Lu Xiangguo
Published: July 2019

The performance and migration characteristics of polymer microspheres in porous media and the mechanism of deep profile control for oil displacement were studied by theoretical analysis, instrument detection, and physical simulation to further improve oil recovery. Polymer microspheres were expansive in water and nonexpansive in oil. The polymer microspheres with short expansion times possessed excellent mechanical shear resistance. According to the matching factor (Ra), resistance factor, and residual resistance factor, the migration of polymer microspheres in porous media was divided into four periods: transportation (Ra > 2.41), bridging plugging (1 < Ra < 2.41), elastic plugging (Ra < 1), and fatigue (microsphere breakage). The resistance factor and residual resistance factor of the polymer microspheres during the bridging and elastic plugging periods were larger than those during other periods. The deep oil displacement profile can be controlled by adjusting the occurrence positions (distance from the injection end) of these two periods. Increasing the injection rate during the transportation and bridging plugging periods and decreasing the injection rate during the elastic plugging period made elastic plugging occur farther from the injection end while maintaining the resistance factor and residual resistance factor at high levels. Aimed at the remaining oil accumulation area, the optimal profile control depth of oil displacement (distance from the injection end) of polymer microspheres in porous media can be regulated by changing the injection rate to enhance oil recovery. The simultaneous migration and expansion of polymer microspheres is the main mechanism of microsphere fluid diversion in porous media.
Predictive ability and economic gains from volatility forecast combinations
Authors: Fameliti Stavroula P. , Skintzi Vasiliki D.
Published: July 2019

The availability of numerous modeling approaches for volatility forecasting leads to model uncertainty for both researchers and practitioners. A large number of studies provide evidence in favor of combination methods for forecasting a variety of financial variables, but most of them are implemented on returns forecasting and evaluate their performance based solely on statistical evaluation criteria. In this paper, we combine various volatility forecasts based on different combination schemes and evaluate their performance in forecasting the volatility of the S&P 500 index. We use an exhaustive variety of combination methods to forecast volatility, ranging from simple techniques to time‐varying techniques based on the past performance of the single models and regression techniques. We then evaluate the forecasting performance of single and combination volatility forecasts based on both statistical and economic loss functions. The empirical analysis in this paper yields an important conclusion. Although combination forecasts based on more complex methods perform better than the simple combinations and single models, there is no dominant combination technique that outperforms the rest in both statistical and economic terms.
Enriched bovine IgG fraction prevents infections with Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Funatogawa Keiji , Tada Tatsuya , Kuwahara‐Arai Kyoko , Kirikae Teruo , Takahashi Masao
Published: July 2019

A bovine IgG‐enriched whey fraction contains antibodies against various bacterial antigens. We investigated the protective effects of a bovine whey fraction preparation against infections with Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Mycobacterium avium in mouse models. After infection with these pathogens, the IgG‐enriched fraction or skim milk was given ad libitum at a 5% solution instead of water. The mice given the IgG‐enriched fraction were significantly resistant to orally challenged EHEC O157:H7 (LD50: 4.0 × 105 CFU/mouse) infections compared with the mice given skim milk (LD50: <1.5 × 102 CFU/mouse). The mice given the IgG‐enriched fraction were also significantly resistant to orally challenged S. Enteritidis (LD50: 5.0 × 106 CFU/mouse) infections compared with the mice given skim milk (LD50: <2.5 × 101 CFU/mouse). When the mice were nasally infected with M. avium, the numbers of the bacteria in lungs of mice given the IgG‐enriched fraction were significantly lower than those given skim milk 2 and 3 weeks after infection. These results strongly indicate that oral administration of the bovine IgG‐enriched whey fraction protects mice against food‐borne infection and also that it partially protects mice against respiratory tract infection.
The distribution of plant fossils and their palaeoecology inDuckmantian(Bashkirian, Lower Pennsylvanian) strata atBrymbo, North Wales, UK
Authors: Thomas Barry A. , Appleton Peter , Cleal Christopher J. , Seyfullah Leyla J.
Published: July 2019

Plant fossils are recorded and described from Duckmantian clastic strata associated with coal seams in a small conserved area at Brymbo in the Wrexham (North Wales) coalfield. The exceptionally preserved flora consists of adpressions in mudstones, shales, and sandstones, more three‐dimensionally preserved plant remains in ironstone nodules, and three‐dimensionally preserved stems in their original positions of growth. The relationships of the plant fossils to the sediments are discussed and related to the varying conditions affecting the ecology of the area. Sometimes the influx of sediments was very rapid as can be seen by the numbers of erect and branchingCalamites, arborescent lycophyte stems, and stigmarian bases preserved in sandstone in their original positions of growth.