bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization and heat release behavior of inclusion complexes formed between carvone or limonene and acyclic cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Yao Yi , Zhou Chao , Guo Xue , Ding Jiawei , Si Tian , Yang Bo
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Carvone and limonene are naturally occurring monoterpenoids with unique aromas, making them valuable substances in synthetic fragrance production. However, their application is limited due to low stability and rapid volatilization. To address this challenge, host–guest complexes offer a promising solution.

RESULTS

In this study, two acyclic cucurbit[n]urils were synthesized to form inclusion complexes with carvone and limonene, aiming to enhance their thermal stability and achieve excellent heat release properties. The binding behavior of the complexes was investigated using NMR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and molecular bonding analyses, confirming the formation of host–guest inclusion complexes.

CONCLUSION

Our study successfully prepared four inclusion complexes (M1/CA, M2/CA, M1/LI, M2/LI) and characterized them using NMR, XRD and FTIR techniques. These complexes exhibited a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, and their binding constants were determined through fluorescence titration. The thermal controlled release experiment shows that the degree of carvone and limonene release is different with a change of temperature, indicating that the inclusion complexes have good thermally controlled release performance, and the thermal release retention rate has a certain correlation with KS value. The larger the KS value, the higher the thermal release retention rate of the inclusion complexes, the lower the volatilization of the inclusion complexes, the longer the retention time and the better the thermal stability. This study presents a novel approach for developing carvone‐ and limonene‐based fragrances, expanding their application potential in various industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subjective assessment of visual fidelity: Comparison of forced‐choice methods
Authors: Au Domenic , Mohona Sanjida Sharmin , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S.
Published: September 2024

Increases in display resolution, frame rate, and bit depth, particularly with advances in stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays, have increased demand for efficient compression throughout the imaging pipeline. To meet such requirements, typically the aim is to reduce bandwidth while presenting content that is visually indistinguishable from the original uncompressed versions. Subjective image quality assessment is essential and multiple methods have been proposed. Of these, the ISO/IEC 29170‐2 flicker paradigm is a rigorous method used to define visually lossless performance. However, it is possible that the enhanced sensitivity to artifacts in the presence of flicker does not predict visibility under natural viewing conditions. Here, we test this prediction using high‐dynamic range S3D images and video under flicker and non‐flicker protocols. As hypothesized, sensitivity to artifacts was greater when using the flicker paradigm, but no differences were observed between the non‐flicker paradigms. Results were modeled using the Pyramid of Visibility, which predicted artifact detection driven by moderately low spatial frequencies. Overall, our results confirm the flicker paradigm is a conservative estimate of visually lossless behavior; it is highly unlikely to miss artifacts that would be visible under normal viewing. Conversely, artifacts identified by the flicker protocol may not be problematic in practice.
Evaluation of Postoperative Anastomotic Patency in Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Using Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Kajita Hiroki , Otaki Marika , Watanabe Shiho , Nagashima Hayato , Okabe Keisuke , Imanishi Nobuaki , Sakuma Hisashi , Kishi Kazuo
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a surgical technique used to alleviate lymphedema by bypassing the lymphatic and venous vessels and facilitating lymphatic fluid drainage. Accurate evaluation of anastomotic patency is crucial for assessing LVA outcomes. Traditional near‐infrared fluorescence lymphography has limitations, including fluorescence diffusion in subcutaneous fat and difficulty evaluating areas beneath the dermal backflow. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a potential alternative for high‐resolution visualization of lymphatic and blood vessels. We aimed to evaluate the utility of PAI for assessing LVA patency.

Methods

Using the LUB0 PAI system, we examined patients who underwent LVA. Imaging was conducted using subcutaneously injected indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize lymphatic vessels.

Results

Results showed clear patency in some cases, inability to evaluate it in others, and confirmed occlusion in certain instances.

Conclusions

While PAI provides valuable insights, challenges remain, including the potential for ambiguous results from the intermittent nature of lymphatic flow and difficulty visualizing low‐ICG‐concentration lymphatic vessels. Nonetheless, PAI offers a promising method for detailed 3D evaluation of anastomoses. It may improve surgical outcomes and contribute to future evidence in the field. Further advancements, including real‐time video assessment, may enhance the accuracy and reliability of LVA patency evaluation.
The set of injections and the set of surjections on a set
Authors: Kamkru Natthajak , Sonpanow Nattapon
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the relationships between the cardinalities of the set of injections, the set of surjections, and the set of all functions on a set which is of cardinality , denoted by , and , respectively. Among our results, we show that “”, “” and “” are provable for an arbitrary infinite cardinal , and these are the best possible results, in the Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory () without the Axiom of Choice. Also, we show that it is relatively consistent with that there exists an infinite cardinal such that where denotes the cardinality of the set of bijections on a set which is of cardinality .
Stretchable and Elastic Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Liquid‐Metal Grid–Patterned Single Electrode for Wearable Energy‐Harvesting Devices
Authors: Wei Yuwen , Bhuyan Priyanuj , Zhang Qingshi , Kim Sihyun , Bae Yejin , Singh Mukesh , Park Sungjune
Published: September 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention as efficient energy‐harvesting systems for sustainable energy sources in the field of self‐powered wearable devices. Various conductive materials are used to build wearable devices, among which, gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) is a preferred electrode owing to its fluidity and metallic conductivity even when strained. In this study, a stretchable, elastic, and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator is designed using a single electrode fabricated by embedding LM grid patterns into a stretchable silicone substrate through a two‐step spray‐coating process. Contrary to conventional double‐electrode TENG that is challenging to integrate to human body, the LM grid‐patterned single‐electrode TENG (LMG‐SETENG) has a simplified design and provides more flexibility. The LMG‐SETENG can generate voltages of up to 100 V via triboelectrification upon contact with the human body, even under various degrees of strain, owing to the fluidity of the LM electrode. The generated energy can be utilized as a sustainable energy source to power various small appliances. Moreover, the proposed LMG‐SETENG can be utilized in soft robotics, electronic skin, and healthcare devices.
The impact of transcriptional and translational time delays on the cancer network regulated by MicroRNA‐17‐92
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Olsen‐Kettle Louise , Zhang Tonghua
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we have formulated and analyzed a mathematical model with multiple time delays of the genetic regulatory network of the microRNA‐17‐92 (miR‐17‐92) cluster. We have focused on the effect of the associated transcriptional and translational time delays of both positive and negative feedback loops on the miR‐17‐92 regulatory network. To gain better insight, we have explored the role of individual time delay in controlling the transition of the G1/S cell cycle process. We pay particular attention to the concentration of E2F and Myc, which trigger the protein ON and OFF switches. To analyze the situation mathematically, we employ delay‐dependent stability analysis and bifurcation analysis using delay differential equations and a biological study of the time‐delayed random transitions between the ON and OFF states for protein synthesis. Based on our study, we can conclude that the translational time delay
can halt the healthy transition of cells in the G1/S cell cycle phase as the small increase in
can destroy bistability of the system. Simulations are carried out to numerically show the solution trajectories under the combined effect of delays. Finally, we summarize the simulation results and the impact of delays on the dual behavior of miR‐17‐92 as it can act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene.
Keeping Professional Displays in Sync
Authors: Cope Ben , Pickett Eshe , Kleisen Felix , Harrison Trey
Published: September 2024

With the high impact of video synchronization inaccuracies on the user experience, it is critical to optimize this aspect of the multi‐media experience especially in multiple‐tile, large‐format displays.
Keynotes and LCD Technology
Authors: Raikes Bob
Published: September 2024

High‐quality speakers and intriguing LCD technology bring exciting aspects to Display Week.
Single center experience with hourglass‐like constriction neuropathy of suprascapular nerve
Authors: Im Yu Jin , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoon Young Cheol , Shim Jae Woo , Kim Du Hwan , Sung Duk Hyun
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Aims

Hourglass‐like constriction (HGC) may occur in several peripheral nerves. However, data on the prognosis of motor weakness in patients with HGC of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) are limited compared with other nerves. Here, we aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features of HGC of the SSN.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with suprascapular neuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or electrodiagnostic studies over 16 years. After excluding extrinsic causes, patients with HGC of the SSN detected using MRI were included.

Results

Fourteen patients with HGC of the SSN were identified. MRI revealed that all HGCs were located between the origin of the SSN from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus and the suprascapular notch. Seven patients exhibited HGC precisely at the origin of the SSN from the brachial plexus. Four patients showed T2 hyperintensity of the SSN extending to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus or the extraforaminal cervical root. The initial treatments included observation (n = 1), steroid therapy (n = 12), suprascapular notch release (n = 1). Of the 12 patients with a sufficient follow‐up period, nine fully recovered from motor weakness of the SSN with non‐operative treatments. Six of the nine patients who recovered fully experienced their first clinical improvement more than 6 months after onset.

Discussion

Treatment strategies for HGC differ depending on the affected nerve. For HGC of the SSN, due to the high spontaneous recovery rate observed in our study, conservative management for at least 6 months should be initially considered.
Evaluating ChatGPT as a Patient Education Tool for COVID‐19‐Induced Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Sina Elliott M. , Campbell Daniel J. , Duffy Alexander , Mandloi Shreya , Benedict Peter , Farquhar Douglas , Unsal Aykut , Nyquist Gurston
Published: September 2024

Objective

While most patients with COVID‐19‐induced olfactory dysfunction (OD) recover spontaneously, those with persistent OD face significant physical and psychological sequelae. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot, has grown as a tool for patient education. This study seeks to evaluate the quality of ChatGPT‐generated responses for COVID‐19 OD.

Study Design

Quantitative observational study.

Setting

Publicly available online website.

Methods

ChatGPT (GPT‐4) was queried 4 times with 30 identical questions. Prior to questioning, Chat‐GPT was “prompted” to respond (1) to a patient, (2) to an eighth grader, (3) with references, and (4) no prompt. Answer accuracy was independently scored by 4 rhinologists using the Global Quality Score (GCS, range: 1‐5). Proportions of responses at incremental score thresholds were compared using χ2 analysis. Flesch‐Kincaid grade level was calculated for each answer. Relationship between prompt type and grade level was assessed via analysis of variance.

Results

Across all graded responses (n = 480), 364 responses (75.8%) were “at least good” (GCS ≥ 4). Proportions of responses that were “at least good” (P < .0001) or “excellent” (GCS = 5) (P < .0001) differed by prompt; “at least moderate” (GCS ≥ 3) responses did not (P = .687). Eighth‐grade level (14.06 ± 2.3) and patient‐friendly (14.33 ± 2.0) responses were significantly lower mean grade level than no prompting (P < .0001).

Conclusion

ChatGPT provides appropriate answers to most questions on COVID‐19 OD regardless of prompting. However, prompting influences response quality and grade level. ChatGPT responds at grade levels above accepted recommendations for presenting medical information to patients. Currently, ChatGPT offers significant potential for patient education as an adjunct to the conventional patient‐physician relationship.
A stacking sequence optimization strategy for process‐induced deformation of multi‐layer thick asymmetric laminates
Authors: Jia Hongli , Zhu Yingdan , Yan Chun , Chen Gang , Liu Dong
Published: September 2024

The occurrence of process‐induced deformations of composites laminates is challenging for assembly accuracy and may lead to a service life reduction of parts. However, it can be obviously mitigated through different optimization strategies on the basis of the accurate curing process simulation. In this study, a stacking sequence optimization strategy is proposed and applied to multi‐layer thick asymmetric laminates. The shapes of deformed laminate plates are experimentally investigated in virtue of the three‐dimensional coordinate measuring machine. The thermo‐chemical–mechanical behaviors of plates are first verified through the comparisons of model predicted and experimental process‐induced deformations. Then the nonlinear control formula achieved through the regression model is proposed for the direct relationship between stacking sequences and process‐induced deformations. Finally, the required solutions are generated by solving the control formula. With the comparisons between the average deformations before and after optimizations, it is found that the magnitudes of deformations are significantly reduced, especially when the unoptimizated deformations are large.

Highlights

The thermo‐chemical–mechanical behavior can be described in the curing process simulation model.

The deformed shapes of multi‐layer thick asymmetric laminate plates are measured by a three‐dimensional coordinate measuring machine.

The stacking sequence optimization strategy is implemented by introducing a nonlinear control formula.
Experimental investigation on low‐velocity impact performance of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone thermoplastic composite materials in room and elevated temperature
Authors: Yang Chen , Mao Chunjian , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

Carbon fibers woven‐ply reinforced polyether ether ketone (C/PEEK) thermoplastic composites are widely used in aerospace and high‐tech industries because of their exceptional resistance to low‐velocity impact. In this paper, experimental investigation is carried out to determine the low‐velocity impact performance of C/PEEK laminates at room temperature (RT) and high temperature (90°C and 150°C) environments. Both macroscopic and microscopic analyses are applied to examine the influence of temperature on the mechanical response and damage mode of the material. The attention of this investigation is on impact parameters such as maximum contact force, energy absorption rate, indentation depth, and damage mode. The findings show significant changes in material stiffness, rate of energy absorption, and indentation depth with rising temperature. Temperature variations have a notable effect on the PEEK matrix plasticity, C/PEEK composite interlaminar properties, crack initiation and propagation, and damage mode at the overlaps of warp and weft fibers, resulting in a transition from brittle to ductile failure.

Highlights

Experimental investigation is carried out to study the low‐velocity impact performance of C/PEEK.

The effects of impact energy and environmental temperature on the low‐velocity impact performance of C/PEEK are investigated.

The mechanism of how environmental temperature affects the damage mode of C/PEEK is investigated.
Effect of geometric configurations and curvature angle of corrugated sandwich structures on impact behavior
Authors: Bozkurt Ilyas
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to numerically investigate the low‐velocity impact behavior of carbon fiber reinforced orthogonal woven fabric composite sandwich structures with five different geometric configurations and four different curve angles. Low velocity impact simulations were performed in LS DYNA finite element program to investigate the effects of core configuration and curve angle on peak contact force, energy absorption efficiency and damage mode. A progressive damage analysis based on the combination of the Hashin damage criterion and the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) with bilinear traction‐separation law was performed using the MAT‐54 (ENHANCED_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE) material model. Among the five different cores, Trapezoidal core has the highest peak force average of 2.9 kN while Triangular core sandwich structure has the lowest with 1.23 kN. Absorbed energy efficiency average was highest for rectangular core with 0.95 and lowest for sinusoidal core with 0.69. The specific absorbed energy value was highest for Triangular core with 0.312 J/g and lowest for Sinusoidal core with 0.178 J/g. The damage area on the structure increased with increasing curve angle. It was determined that the core structure and curve angle is an effective parameter on peak force and energy absorption efficiency.

Highlights

Impact behavior of sandwich composite structures was examined.

The effects of core type and curve angles on peak force, energy absorption efficiency and specific absorption energy were investigated.

Specific absorption energy rates were compared with studies in the literature.
Enhancing the interlaminar property of carbon fiber/poly(aryl ether ketone) composites with water‐soluble polyimide oligomer sizing agent
Authors: Gao Dongting , Liu Gang , Dong Le , Zhang Jindong , Yao Jianan , Chen Chunhai
Published: September 2024

Novel water‐soluble polymer‐based sizing agents for carbon fiber/poly(aryl ether ketone) composites (CF/PAEK) have gained attention. However, a challenge remains: the sized CF bundles lack flexibility, and the effect of this on the properties of the composite has not been discussed. Herein, a water‐soluble polyimide oligomer (OL) sizing agent was developed, and the sizing effect was comprehensively evaluated. The conventional molecular weight polyimide (HP) sizing agent was also assessed for comparison. Although the interfacial shear strength of the sized CF monofilaments is enhanced due to improved surface roughness and wettability, the effect of the OL sizing agent on the composite's interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and tow's flexibility differed from that of the HP sizing agent. Compared with HP‐CF, the yarn spreading rate of OL‐CF tow is increased by about eight times, and the ILSS of OL‐CF/PAEK composites with 2 and 5 MPa molding pressure is increased by 69% and 222%, respectively. The HP sizing agent weakens the tow's flexibility and yarn spreading ability, which is not conducive to the resin penetration in the tow, resulting in lower ILSS. In contrast, the OL sizing agent considers the tow's flexibility and composite's interlaminar property, showing great application potential.

Highlights

Two PI‐based sizing agents with diverse film‐forming capacities were prepared.

The ILSS of CF/PAEK with OL sizing agent was significantly improved.

HP sizing agent weakened the tow flexibility and interlaminar property.

The interaction of sizing layer—resin penetration—ILSS was proposed.
How does career calling influence teacher innovation? The chain mediation roles of organizational identification and work engagement
Authors: Xiang Bowen , Xin Mengjie , Fan Xiaodong , Xin Zhaoyang
Published: September 2024

Teacher innovation is closely related to the improvement of basic education quality, and the cultivation of innovative talent for the nation. However, few studies have employed the causes of teacher innovation from the perspective of intrinsic motivation. To explore the factors and mechanisms affecting teacher innovation, we surveyed 421 middle school teachers to investigate the mediating roles of organizational identification and work engagement in the relationship between career calling and teacher innovation. The results indicate that career calling has a significantly positive impact on teacher innovation and that both organizational identification and work engagement mediate the effect of career calling on teacher innovation. Moreover, organizational identification and work engagement act as chain mediators in the relationship between career calling and teacher innovation. Therefore, to promote teacher innovation in middle school, it is important to emphasize the sense of calling, organizational identification, and work engagement. Practical implications for how to promote teacher innovation are also discussed.
Investigating genotype‐phenotype correlations in primary ciliary dyskinesia: a sibling cohort study
Authors: Hazan Guy , Aviram Micha , Levanon Eran , Golan‐Tripto Inbal , Goldbart Aviv , Gatt Dvir
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a complex mostly autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of primary motor cilia, leading to multisystemic manifestations, primarily affecting the rhino‐sinopulmonary system. Despite advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, genotype‐phenotype correlations are not fully elucidated. Utilizing sibling cohorts offers a promising approach to investigate these genotype‐phenotype correlations in PCD.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study, conducted from 2010 to 2023 at Soroka University Medical Center in Be'er‐Sheva, Israel, included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCD. Variables and outcomes compared include typical presenting symptoms, lung function, structural changes in chest tomography (CT), and anthropometric data.

Results

Seventeen sibling patients from eight families met the inclusion criteria. At the last follow‐up visit, the median age was 16 years. Genetic diagnosis revealed homozygous pathogenic variants including DNAH11, DNAAF3, DNAL1, and ZMYND10. Full concordance rates were observed for unexplained neonatal respiratory distress, chronic cough, and rhinosinusitis in patients with DNAH11 mutations. The family with the DNAAF3 mutation exhibited the lowest difference in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) Z‐scores (0.48), but the highest differences in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Z‐scores (3.39). High differences in FEV1 Z‐scores were identified in the family with the DNAL1 mutation (2.06), while the lowest differences in FVC Z‐scores (0.39) were observed in the same family.

Discussion

High concordance rates for certain mutations in clinical features suggest potential genotype‐phenotype correlations, in contrast to weak concordance in lung function. Challenges remain in establishing direct correlations between genetic mutations and clinical outcomes.
Efficient use of mepolizumab in children: An analysis of the economically justifiable price in Colombia
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Zuluaga Andres Felipe
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Asthma imposes a crucial economic burden on health systems, especially with the incorporation of new drugs. Recently, mepolizumab has been approved to prevent exacerbations in patients with eosinophilic asthma. This study explores the economically justifiable price of mepolizumab for preventing exacerbations in children with severe asthma.

Materials and Methods

A model was developed using the microsimulation to estimate the quality‐adjusted costs and life years of two interventions: mepolizumab versus not applying standard treatment without mepolizumab. This analysis was made during a time horizon of 50 years and from a third‐payer perspective.

Results

Mepolizumab was cost‐effective using a WTP of U$ 19,992 per QALY, but not at a WTP of U$ 4828, U$ 5128 per QALY. The economically justifiable cost for mepolizumab in Colombia is between $33 and $350 per dose, for WTP of U$ 4828, and U$ 5128 respectively. At the current price of Mepolizumab, U$ 780 per dose, only using a WTP higher than U$ 10,300 per QALY mepolizumab will be the best alternative to no mepolizumab.

Conclusion

Our study shows that the economically justifiable cost for mepolizumab in Colombia is between $33 and $350 per dose, for WTP of 4828 and 5180 respectively. This result should encourage more studies in the region that optimize decision‐making processes when incorporating this drug into the health plans of each country.
Analyzing Mexico's Indigenous internal migration dynamics through network centrality measures, 1990–2020
Authors: Segovia Miguel Alejandro Flores , Urrutia José Eliud Silva
Published: September 2024

This study examines the internal migration patterns among Mexico's Indigenous population from 1990 to 2020. We begin by estimating the total interstate migration flows for Indigenous groups and employ an advanced interaction component model to identify migration flows that exceed expectations. This model allows us to detect significant deviations and patterns within the migration data. Additionally, we apply network analysis techniques to identify states that are central to these migration flows and categorize states into distinct communities based on their migration interactions. Our findings reveal that Indigenous migration exhibits higher‐than‐expected flows, particularly from the West Central and North regions of Mexico. By contrast, non‐Indigenous migration shows greater flows, predominantly in the southern and central states. Through network analysis, particularly the use of eigenvector centrality, we identify Nayarit and Durango as key hubs for Indigenous migration, whereas Estado de Mexico and Ciudad de Mexico emerge as central nodes in non‐Indigenous migration. Our study highlights the growing significance of Mexico's northern region, with Nuevo León playing a crucial role in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous migration flow networks. This study's findings contribute valuable insights regarding the spatial dynamics of internal migration and the evolving migration patterns of Indigenous populations in Mexico.
Ginsenosides modulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function by inhibiting FKBP51 on glucocorticoid receptor to ameliorate depression in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Li Hui , Ge Meng , Lu Bofan , Wang Wei , Fu Yujuan , Jiao Lili , Wu Wei
Published: September 2024

Depression, which affects millions of individuals worldwide, is associated with glucocorticoid (GC) impairment, with the FKBP51 protein playing a pivotal role. Ginsenosides, extracted from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, have demonstrated the potential to mitigate depression associated with GC dysregulation. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ethanol extract of P. ginseng (PG) in treating depression and its underlying FKBP51‐linked mechanism. Using chronic unpredictable stress, a depression model was developed in Kunming mice to test the efficacy of PG by observing changes in behaviors and protein expression in depressed mice. The mechanism of action was investigated through transfection with HEK293T cells. Depressed mice treated with PG demonstrated notable improvements: the rate of weight loss was reduced, sucrose preference and open‐field activity were enhanced, and the rate of apoptosis in hippocampal cells was decreased. Additionally, the HPA axis function appeared to be restored. These physiological adjustments coincided with an increase in GR levels and a decrease in FKBP51 levels. Altogether, these results suggested that PG treatment effectively alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. PG also moderated FKBP51‐GR interaction, lessening FKBP51's restraint on GR nuclear entry. This modulation may enhance the sensitivity of the GR response, reinforcing the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis and thereby reducing depressive symptoms in mice. These findings highlight the potential of PG as a promising curative treatment for depression, providing a basis for the development of innovative treatments targeting the FKBP51‐GR pathway.
Progress and Perspective of Seafloor Regolith‐Sampling Robots for Ocean Exploration
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Ye Minhui , Zhu Haifei , Guan Yisheng , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2024

Seafloor exploration has significantly enriched our understanding of the marine environment, climate change, and the evolution of Earth. Seafloor sampling tools are instrumental in acquiring regolith samples for various investigations, including geological surveys and resource exploration. Detailed analysis of collected samples can uncover further hidden mysteries of the ocean. Over the past few decades, numerous research institutions have dedicated efforts to developing efficient seafloor regolith‐sampling robots (SRSRs). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and perspectives on SRSRs. First, the paper introduces the particularities of seafloor regolith sampling, including operation characteristics and sampling requirements. Second, current SRSRs are classified into seven categories based on different sampling methods, and their general characteristics are summarized. Subsequently, representative seafloor drilling and sampling robots (SDSRs) from around the world are introduced, with a focus on comparing mainstream sampling methods. Furthermore, the challenges and constraints in seafloor sampling, encompassing terrestrial technology and the marine environment, are analyzed and discussed in depth. The critical technologies involved in transitioning SRSRs from conceptualization to prototype development are detailed. Finally, important development trends of SRSRs are presented, including recent short‐term development goals and future long‐term development goals.
Submerged rigid vegetation effects on flow hydrodynamics within the pool morphology
Authors: Nosrati Kourosh , Afzalimehr Hossein , Raeisifar Hamidreza , Nazari‐Sharabian Mohammad , Karakouzian Moses
Published: September 2024

This research is centered on a comprehensive investigation into the impact of turbulence on the movement and dispersion of materials within a three‐dimensional (3D) bedform, specifically when there is a continuous presence of rigid vegetation submerged in the flow. To achieve our research objectives, we conducted extensive velocity measurements within a channel featuring this submerged vegetation. The measurements were carried out using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Additionally, our study delved into the intricate structures and turbulent characteristics of the flow, considering the coexistence of submerged vegetation and a 3D gravel pool. This pool featured entrance and exit slopes measuring 3 and 2.5°, respectively. Our experimental setup took place in a straight flume, measuring 14 m in length, 0.9 m in width, and 0.6 m in depth. The flume was equipped with transparent side walls to facilitate observations. Furthermore, our investigation extended to the spatial variations in velocity and turbulence distributions. We analyzed various parameters including turbulence kinetic energy, integral turbulence lengths, dispersion coefficients, and advective transport. The results revealed that integral length scales offer key insights into turbulent eddy behavior. In the presence of vegetation and a 3D bedform, turbulent eddies undergo notable changes, flattening in the longitudinal direction and expanding in the transverse and vertical directions. Moreover, longitudinal advection is notably higher compared to flows without vegetation in a uniform flow or bare channel, especially for z/H > 0.2. This indicates that the presence of vegetation and a 3D bedform leads to an increase in turbulent kinetic energy (k values) that surpasses the reduction in the time‐averaged velocity component (“U”) in the U × k term, thereby enhancing longitudinal advection.
Benzaldehyde Synthesis by the Selective Oxidation of Cinnamaldehyde Catalyzed by Fe2O3‐modified SBA‐15
Authors: Luo Xuan , Ma Zhiyuan , Su Tongming , Xie Xinling , Qin Zuzeng , Ji Hongbing , Chen Jianhua
Published: September 2024

Selective oxidation is one of the primary methods used to synthesize high‐value‐added oxygen‐containing organic compounds from alkenes. In particular, the selective oxidation of natural cinnamaldehyde has gained prominence as one of the main routes to produce natural benzaldehyde, which is in short supply in the global spice market. In this study, FeSBA catalysts were synthesized by supporting Fe2O3 onto the surface of spherical SBA‐15 using pore‐induced deposition for the selective oxidation of cinnamaldehyde to benzaldehyde. The Fe2O3 supporting increased the specific surface area of SBA‐15 by approximately eightfold and significantly improved the utilization efficiency of the reaction sites on Fe2O3. Additionally, the formation of Fe−O−Si bonds by Fe2O3 and SBA‐15 promoted the generation of weak‐acidic sites on the catalyst surface, significantly increasing the oxygen‐physisorption capacity of Fe2O3. Furthermore, quenching experiments confirmed the generation of significant amounts of O2− and singlet‐oxygen species on the FeSBA surface. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the physisorption and chemisorption of cinnamaldehyde and oxygen, respectively, on the FeSBA surface promoted the formation of a tetrameric intermediate. These results contribute significantly to research on the selective oxidation theory of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to aldehydes using oxygen and could guide future studies aimed at elucidating and improving the process.
Trifluoromethylated 2H‐Thiete, 2,3‐Dihydrothiophenes and 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐thiopyranes S,S‐Dioxides in [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions with Diazo Compounds and Nitrilimines
Authors: Markitanov Yuriy M. , Siry Sergiy A. , Timoshenko Vadim M. , Mykhaylychenko Sergiy S. , Khyzhan Alexandr I. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Shermolovich Yuriy G.
Published: September 2024

[3+2]‐Cycloaddition reactions of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐2H‐thiete 1,1‐dioxide, 4(5)‐trifluoromethyl‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxides and 5(6)‐trifluoromethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thiopyrane 1,1‐dioxides with diazomethane proceed with the formation of regioisomeric mixtures of corresponding dihydropyrazole‐fused cycloadducts. Reactions of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐2H‐thiete 1,1‐dioxide with ethyl diazoacetate and in situ generated 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane lead to the regioselective formation of pyrazolino‐sultine derivatives via rearrangement of initially formed pyrazoline‐fused thietane 1,1‐dioxides. Treatment of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐2H‐thiete 1,1‐dioxide and 4‐trifluoromethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐thiophene 1,1‐dioxide with in situ generated N‐phenyl nitrilimines gives rise to dihydropyrazole‐ thietane 1,1‐dioxides and tetrahydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxides, respectively, in a regioselective fashion.
Computational Screening of FDA‐Approved Hepatitis C Drugs for Inhibition of VEGFR2 in Liver Cancer
Authors: Roney Miah , Issahaku Abdul Rashid , Tufail Nasir , Wilhelm Anke , Aluwi Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd
Published: September 2024

Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most common tumours and the leading cause of cancer‐related death globally. Amidst the problems associated with existing treatments, such as hepatotoxicity, recurrence, drug resistance, and other adverse effects, researchers are under pressure to find alternatives. Towards a comprehensive rationalisation of the search for new anti‐LC drugs among approved ones, we employed an in‐silico approach to accelerate the selection of the most efficacious LC drugs. The FDA‐approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs were docked with the LC protein using the AutoDock Vina software. Compared to the control compound, two FDA‐approved HCV drugs (DB09102 and DB09027) were selected based on their binding energies and interactions with the target protein, which showed comparable binding energies. Furthermore, these compounds were then subjected to molecular dynamic simulation, principle component analysis, and MMGBSA using the AMBER20 software, and the results showed stable complexes compared to the control complex. All things considered, this study will help the scientific community and society find a novel drug to treat LC.
Assembly and Stability of Virus Like Particles from the Gag Capsid Domain from the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HML‐2
Authors: Hebbelstrup Alexander , Teilum Kaare
Published: September 2024

The capsid domain of the Gag protein from the human endogenous retrovirus HML‐2 can form virus‐like particles (VLPs) in vitro. Such particles made from proteins from other organisms are used as nanocarriers. Repeated use of exogeneous VLPs may however lead to an immune response. Recombinantly produced and purified capsid domain from HML‐2 could, given its human origin, provide a nanocarrier system, which potentially could evade an immune response. It is however not known if capsids formed in vitro by the HML‐2 Gag capsid domain can be loaded with a molecular cargo and if such particles are stable. In this work, we investigated how the assembly efficiency change with conditions. We demonstrate that once formed the capsids are stable over a much broader range of pH than the range of pH that allows capsid formation, and that the capsids are stable for weeks. We furthermore show that HML‐2 capsids can encapsulate small molecules. Our results suggest that the HML‐2 capsids potentially may serve as stable nanocarriers protecting its cargo from the surrounding environment.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfonylative Arylation via Aryl‐thianthrenium Salt with Sulfonyl Chloride
Authors: Sang Zhimin , Yang Guo , Luo Zijin , Gou Wenxue , Zhang Guofu , Ding Chengrong
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report a cross‐coupling reaction between aryl sulfonyl chlorides and arylthianthrenium salts, catalyzed by palladium without ligand. This process involves the desulfonylative of aryl sulfonyl chlorides and pre‐ thianthrenation activation steps of aromatic hydrocarbons, leading to the selective formation of the biaryl compounds. The method demonstrates compatibility with various functional groups. Furthermore, the late‐stage functionalize‐tion of bioactive compounds underscores the favorable implications of this approach in the innovation of novel pharmaceutical agents.
A Super‐Ionic Solid‐State Block Copolymer Electrolyte
Authors: Krause Daniel T. , Förster Beate , Dulle Martin , Krämer Susanna , Böckmann Steffen , Mönich Caroline , Hansen Michael Ryan , Schönhoff Monika , Siozios Vassilios , Grünebaum Mariano , Winter Martin , Förster Stephan , Wiemhöfer Hans‐Dieter
Published: September 2024

Polymer solid‐state electrolytes offer great promise for battery materials with high energy density, mechanical stability, and improved safety. However, their low ion conductivities have so far limited their potential applications. Here, it is shown for poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers that the super‐stoichiometric addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) as lithium salt leads to the formation of a crystalline PEO block copolymer phase with exceptionally high ion conductivities and low activation energies. The addition of LiTFSI further induces block copolymer phase transitions into bi‐continuous Fddd and gyroid network morphologies, providing continuous 3D conduction pathways. Both effects lead to solid‐state block copolymer electrolyte membranes with ion conductivities of up to 1·10−1 S cm−1 at 90 °C, decreasing only moderately to 4·10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature, and to >1·10−3 S cm−1 at −20 °C, corresponding to activation energies as low as 0.19 eV. The co‐crystallization of PEO and LiTFSI with ether and carbonate solvents is observed to play a key role to realize a super‐ionic conduction mechanism. The discovery of PEO super‐ionic conductivity at high lithium concentrations opens a new pathway for fabrication of solid polymer electrolyte membranes with sufficiently high ion conductivities over a broad temperature range with widespread applications in electrical devices.
Bright Structural‐Phase‐Pure CsPbI3 Core‐PbSO4 Shell Nanoplatelets With Ultra‐Narrow Emission Bandwidth of 77 meV at 630 nm
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Hsun , Liao Tzu‐Hao , Chuang Yung‐Tang , Jan Pei‐En , Lin Hao‐Cheng , Tan Guang‐Hsun , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Lu Ming‐Yen , Lai Hoong‐Lien , Chiu Po‐Wei , Sun Sheng‐Yuan , Li Yun‐Li , Lin Hao‐Wu
Published: September 2024

Achieving a narrow emission bandwidth is long pursued for display applications. Among all primary colors, obtaining pure red emission with high visual perception is the most challenging. In this work, CsPbI3 halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) with rigorously controlled 2D  [PbI6]4− octahedron layer number (n) are demonstrated. A perovskite core‐PbSO4 shell structure is designed to prevent aggregation and fusion between NPLs, enabling consistent thickness and quantum confinement strength for each NPL. Consequently, exact n = 4 CsPbI3 NPLs are demonstrated, exhibiting emission peaks around 630 nm, with very narrow spectral bandwidths of <24 nm and high absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 85%. The emission of n = 4 NPLs falls exactly within the pure‐red region, closely aligning with the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation BT.2020  standard. Measurements suggest predominant stability and color homogeneity compared to traditional red‐emitting CsPbIxBr3−x nanocrystals. Finally, proof‐of‐concept pure‐red emissive light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated by integrating n = 4 CsPbI3 NPLs films with a blue LED chip, showing an excellent external quantum efficiency of 18.3% and high brightness exceeding 3 × 106 nits. Stringent requirements for future display technologies, are satisfied based on the high color purity, stability, and brightness of CsPbI3 NPLs.
Navigating the Landscape of Dry Assembling Ordered Particle Structures: Can Solvents Become Obsolete?
Authors: Sotthewes Kai , Jimidar Ignaas S. M.
Published: September 2024

A spur on miniaturized devices led scientists to unravel the fundamental aspects of micro‐ and nanoparticle assembly to engineer large structures. Primarily, attention is given to wet assembly methods, whereas assembly approaches in which solvents are avoided are scarce. The “dry assembly” strategies can overcome the intrinsic disadvantages that are associated with wet assembly, e.g., the lack of versatility and scalability. This review uniquely summarizes the recent progress made to create highly ordered particle arrays without using a wet environment. Before delving into these methods, the surface interactions (e.g., van der Waals, contact mechanics, capillary, and electrostatics) are elaborated, as a profound understanding and balancing these are a critical aspect of dry assembly. To manipulate these interactions, strategies involving different forces, e.g., mechanical‐based, electrical‐based, or laser‐induced, sometimes in conjunction with pre‐templated substrates, are employed to attain ordered colloidal structures. The utilization of the ordered structures obtained without solvents is accompanied by specific examples. Dry assembly methods can aid us in achieving more sustainable assembly processes. Overall, this Review aims to provide an easily accessible resource and inspire researchers, including novices, to broaden dry assembly horizons significantly and close the remaining knowledge gap in the physical phenomena involved in this area.
Iron‐Catalyzed Laser‐Induced Graphitization – Multiscale Analysis of the Structural Evolution and Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Dreimol Christopher H. , Kürsteiner Ronny , Ritter Maximilian , Parrilli Annapaola , Edberg Jesper , Garemark Jonas , Stucki Sandro , Yan Wenqing , Tinello Susanna , Panzarasa Guido , Burgert Ingo
Published: September 2024

The transition to sustainable materials and eco‐efficient processes in commercial electronics is a driving force in developing green electronics. Iron‐catalyzed laser‐induced graphitization (IC‐LIG) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for rendering biomaterials electrically conductive. To optimize the IC‐LIG process and fully exploit its potential for future green electronics, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into its catalyzation mechanism and structural evolution. However, this is challenging due to the rapid nature of the laser‐induced graphitization process. Therefore, multiscale preparation techniques, including ultramicrotomy of the cross‐sectional transition zone from precursor to fully graphitized IC‐LIG electrode, are employed to virtually freeze the IC‐LIG process in time. Complementary characterization is performed to generate a 3D model that integrates nanoscale findings within a mesoscopic framework. This enabled tracing the growth and migration behavior of catalytic iron nanoparticles and their role during the catalytic laser‐graphitization process. A three‐layered arrangement of the IC‐LIG electrode is identified including a highly graphitized top layer with an interplanar spacing of 0.343 nm. The middle layer contained γ‐iron nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic shells. A comparison with catalyst‐free laser graphitization approaches highlights the unique opportunities that IC‐LIG offers and discuss potential applications in energy storage devices, catalysts, sensors, and beyond.
Built‐in Electric Field Within CoSe2‐FeSe2 Heterostructure for Enhanced Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Luo Ruijian , Zhao Junzhe , Zheng Ming , Wang Zichen , Zhang Shunqiang , Zhang Jiancan , Xiao Yong , Jiang YingHui , Cai Zhixiong , Cheng Niancai
Published: September 2024

The conversion of Li2S4 to Li2S is the most important and slowest rate‐limiting step in the complex sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) for Li‐S batteries, the adjustment of which can effectively inhibit the notorious “shuttle effect”. Herein, a CoSe2‐FeSe2 heterostructure embedded in 3D N‐doped nanocage as a modified layer on commercial separator is designed (CoSe2‐FeSe2@NC//PP). The CoSe2‐FeSe2 heterostructure forms a built‐in electric field at the two‐phase interface, which leads to the optimized adsorption force on polysulfides and the accelerated reaction kinetics for Li2S4‐Li2S evolution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results combine to show that the liquid‐solid reaction (Li2S4‐Li2S2/Li2S) is significantly enhanced in terms of thermodynamics and electrodynamics. Consequently, the batteries assembled with CoSe2‐FeSe2@NC//PP delivered an excellent rate capability (606 mAh g−1 under 8.0 C) and a long cycling lifespan (only 0.056% at 1.0 C after 1000 cycles). In addition, the cells can provide high initial capacity of 887 mAh g−1 at sulfur loading of 5.8 mg cm−2 and 0.1 C. This work would provide valuable insights into binary metal selenide heterostructures for liquid‐solid conversion in Li‐S batteries.