bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigations of mass-flux redistribution and performance prediction model on coupling effects of total pressure distortion-low Reynolds number in axial compressor
Authors: Li Zhiping , Zhu Xingyu , Pan Tianyu , Wu Feng , Xu Qiannan
Published: November 2022

Stability assessment is one of the important subjects in airworthiness certification. Many destabilizing factors can deteriorate the performance and stability margin of the compressor, and there are coupling effects between the external factors. This paper applies a computational method to investigate the coupling effects of total pressure distortion and low Reynolds number on an axial transonic compressor. The study was carried out on NASA stage 67, in which extensive open experimental data is available. Full annulus, steady, three-dimensional CFD has been used to study the coupling effects of 180-deg inlet distortion at low Reynolds number. The assessment of the stability margin loss under coupling effects by traditional methods results in a relative error of 27%. The local operating point of the rotor at different passages has been tracked, and the results reveal the reasons for the failure of model predictions. Combined with the analysis of the flow field under coupling effects, development solutions for the traditional model are proposed. The modifications to the model agree well with the calculation results. Finally, the improved model was validated. And according to the analysis of the rotor passage working points, the rationality of the model modification was verified.
Introspective Visual Quality Assessment of Dual Thoroughfare Streetscapes in Davao City
Authors: Juanga Jean Marie V. , Reyes Mario R. Delos
Published: November 2022

This study sought to assess the visual quality of dual thoroughfare streetscapes in Davao City, specifically identifying existing visual components in terms of landscape layer, landform, vegetation, light and colour, compatibility, archetypal elements and its character of peace and silence. Davao City had a consistent score in its streetscapes, garnering not the highest but a relatively high score. The results showed that the presence of landscape layers, light and colour, vegetation, and character of peace and silence seem to be the most critical visual components in its overall contemplative score. Of the city’s streets, the highest visual quality score was Roxas Avenue with a mean of 4.44. The lowest was the Manambulan-Tagakpan Road with a mean of 4.07. Based on the overall ranking system in the contemplative score Davao City obtained a relatively high rank. The presence of vegetation, particularly the young to fully grown trees, also produces more shade which provides thermal comfort and a cooler experience in the streetscape. The association between the individual visual landscape component scores against the overall visual quality resulted in a landscape layer of 0.825 and vegetation of 0.824, which showed a significant correlation. The significant findings among the components is the indication of landforms which greatly contributed to the total score.
Improving Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Delhi, India: Reflections on Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors (LCAQS) and Participatory Engagement
Authors: Kumar Arvaan , Chaudhuri Sriroop
Published: November 2022

In Delhi, the capital city of India, air pollution has been a perpetual menace to urban sustainability and public health. The present study uses a mixed-method approach to enumerate to the urban authorities: (a) the state of air pollution in the city; (b) systemic flaws in the current monitoring network; (c) potential means to bolster it; and (d) need of a participatory framework for monitoring. Information about Air Quality Index (AQI), obtained from 36 monitoring stations across Delhi is compared between 2021 (20 April–25 May; 2nd year/phase of SARS-CoV-2 lockdown), and the corresponding time periods in 2020 (1st year/phase of lockdown), and 2019 (business-as-usual) using the Mann–Whitney U Test. AQI during the 2021 lockdown (a) appeared statistically more similar ( p < .01) to that of 2019 and (b) exceeded the environmental health safety benchmark for 85% days during the study period (20 April–25 May). However, this only presented a partial glimpse into the air pollution status. It owes to numerous ‘holes’ in the AQI data record (no data and/or insufficient data). Moreover, certain areas in Delhi yet have no monitoring station, or only too few, to yield a ‘representative’ estimate (inadequate spatial coverage). Such shortcomings in the existing monitoring network may deter future research and targeted/informed decision-making for pollution control. To that end, the present research offers a summary view of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors (LCAQS), to offer the urban sustainability authorities, ‘complementary’ technique to bolster and diversify the existing network. The main advantages and disadvantages of various LCAQS sensor technologies are highlighted while emphasizing on the challenges around various calibration techniques (linear and non-linear). The final section reflects on the integration of science and technology with social dimensions of air quality monitoring and highlights key requirements for (a) community mobilization and (b) stakeholder engagement to forge a participatory systems’ design for LCAQS deployment.
Modelling the Asymmetric Relationship Between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: A Study of Income Classified Economies
Authors: Dey Sima Rani , Sultana Tanzila , Sharmin Mowshumi
Published: November 2022

This study investigates how CO2 emissions behave with the increase or decrease in urbanization and energy consumption, employing pooled ordinary least square (OLS) estimator on a panel of 137 countries from 1961–2019. The findings indicate that there is asymmetry between the process of urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. From a global perspective, the asymmetry of urbanization on CO2 emissions is more prominent than energy consumption, although CO2 emissions are more responsive towards energy consumption in symmetric cases. For low-income economies, urbanization does not exhibit any significant impact on carbon emission, but energy consumption does. For lower-middle income economies, a lower level of urbanization has a greater impact on CO2 emission than an increase in urbanization, but carbon emissions are more reactive towards energy consumption. Moreover, both urbanization and energy consumption posit a significant impact on carbon emission for upper-middle income economies. Therefore, environment-friendly urbanization and efficient energy consumption should be prioritized to offset the negative externalities.
Sources of variance in the results of a commercial bovine immunoglobulin G radial immunodiffusion assay
Authors: Thompson Alexis C. , Wills Robert W. , Smith David R.
Published: November 2022

Radial immunodiffusion (RID) is used to quantify IgG concentration in neonatal beef or dairy calf serum; variability has been noted that may affect the precision and accuracy of assay results. We determined the source, range, and homogeneity of variance in the results of a commercial bovine IgG RID assay (Triple J Farm). To estimate the variance in the precipitin ring diameter, we used 6 sera, measured 28 times across 8 plates and 4 lots, and 3 standards with known IgG concentrations, measured 75 times across 69 plates and 5 lots. The source of diameter variance was determined using variance partition coefficients for lot, plate, and repetition. We used 11 different methods to generate standard curves to convert RID precipitin ring diameters to IgG concentrations. The Levene test of homogeneity of variance (α = 0.1) was used to evaluate the equality of variance between the standards or serum precipitin ring diameters and calculated IgG concentrations. Lot and plate contributed minimally to the diameter variance. Precipitin ring diameters had equal variance. Calculated IgG concentrations for serum not requiring dilution had equal variance. A linear equation from aggregated standards, performed within the same day, had greater accuracy for the calculated IgG concentrations of the standards compared to other equation methods. Regardless of standard curve methodology or IgG concentration, variability inherent to the assay limits its clinical usefulness.
Examining Family Process among Infants and Toddlers and Implications for Maternal–Child Intervention
Authors: LaForett Doré R. , Salomon Rebecca E. , Waldrop Julee B. , Martinez Maria , Mandel Marcia A. , Wheeler Anne C. , Okoniewski Katherine C. , Beeber Linda S.
Published: November 2022

This article examined the associations between family processes and children’s development among mothers and their children participating in early intervention (EI) services. Data from mothers and their infants and toddlers ( n = 100) participating in EI were analyzed using regression methods to test the predictive power of maternal depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of mother–child interactions on children’s behavior problems and social and emotional competence. Mother–child interactions were the most robust predictor of child behavior problems and competence. The presence of clinically elevated maternal depressive symptoms was high (30%) and associated with more child behavior problems. Stronger endorsement of self-efficacy also was related to higher levels of child social and emotional competence. We discuss our findings related to opportunities and challenges to support mothers experiencing depressive symptoms. EI services that strive toward an integrated approach could identify mothers with depressive symptoms and play an increased role in directly addressing their needs.
Modelling the Reduction in Cancer Incidence After Variations in the Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption in Colombia in the Period 2016-2050
Authors: Perdomo Sandra , López Julián , Torres-Ibargüen Miguel Zamir , Puerto-Jiménez Devi Nereida , de Vries Esther
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the potential impact of tobacco reduction on future cancer incidence in Colombia

Introduction

Colombia has implemented multiple actions that led to reducing smoking prevalence in recent years. However, the numbers of cancer cases and deaths associated with smoking exposure remain high highlighting the importance of maintaining efforts to reduce and keep smoking prevalence low.

Methods

We performed a theoretical modeling exercise, projecting expected changes in the incidence of four cancers between 2016 and 2050 under two simulated scenarios of smoking reduction.

Results

A cumulative decline of 10% in the prevalence of smoking, a percentage in line with current cigarette taxation policies, will decrease cancer incidence in 2050 by 3.2%, .5%, .2% and .2% of lung, liver, cervical and colorectal cancer incidence, respectively. Complete elimination of tobacco consumption will reduce these by 39.1%, 6.1%, 2.2% and 2.3% respectively, by 2050.

Conclusion

These results highlight the importance of continuity and reinforcement of current tobacco control programs, including increasing taxation, to further reduce the prevalence of tobacco smoking and reduce cancer cases and deaths in the coming decades.
Association of Valproic Acid Use With Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Development: A Meta-Analysis of Two Retrospective Case–Control Studies
Authors: English Joseph D. , Tian Shuo , Wang Zhong , Luzum Jasmine A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Despite advances in treatments, myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our team has previously shown that valproic acid (VPA) is cardio-protective when administered to rats post-MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of VPA use with post-MI heart failure (HF) development in humans.

Methods:

This study was a random effects meta-analysis of two retrospective case–control studies collected from electronic health record (Michigan Medicine) and claims data (OptumInsight). Cases with an active prescription for VPA at the time of their MI were matched 1:4 to controls not taking VPA at the time of their MI by multiple demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary outcome, time-to-HF development, was analyzed using the Fine-Gray competing risks model of any VPA prescription versus no VPA prescription. An exploratory analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of different VPA doses (≥1000 mg/day vs <1000 mg/day vs 0 mg/day VPA).

Results:

In total, the datasets included 1313 patients (249 cases and 1064 controls). In the meta-analysis, any dose of VPA during an MI tended to be protective against incident HF post-MI (HR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.72-1.01). However, when stratified by dose, high-dose VPA (≥1000 mg/day) significantly associated with 30% reduction in risk for HF post-MI (HR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.49-0.91), whereas low-dose VPA (<1000 mg/day) did not (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.78-1.13).

Conclusion:

VPA doses ≥1000 mg/day may provide post-MI cardio-protection resulting in a reduced incidence of HF.
Friction of a MacPherson suspension system at various load cases
Authors: Deubel Clemens , Prokop Günther
Published: November 2022

In the current vehicle development process, the suspension friction is commonly treated as a constant force, while other suspension parameters, such as stiffness and damping, are quantified according to the actual kinetic state. Even though this simplification might be approximately true for many suspension variants, the theoretical background and the experiments conducted in this study indicate that the suspension friction of a MacPherson system is strongly subject to change depending on the forces and moments acting at the tyre contact patch. On the other hand, there is only a limited research basis quantifying to what extent suspension friction is affecting vehicle behaviour during various driving events. Therefore, assessments of whether an often-urged friction reduction is appropriate in the context of developmental efforts and benefits are equally limited. The first reasonable step is to accurately determine the actual amount of suspension friction regarding various boundary conditions and load situations, which currently is not constituted in literature. Hence, within the frame of the present study, the friction under various influences is investigated for a compact car, beginning at the full suspension and with special focus on lateral forces and combined wheel deflection states. While certain influences (engine state, excitation amplitude in a limited range) seem to be of minor importance, the suspension friction is strongly affected by various forces and moments at the tyres and by the wheel deflection level, whereas the lateral force dependence is mostly distinctive.
A contingency model of the dominance route to influence in work teams: The moderating role of team competition
Authors: Gedik Yeliz , Rink Floor A. , Walter Frank , Van der Vegt Gerben S.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a contingency model on the effectiveness of dominance as a route to influence in organizational work teams. In a field study ( n = 397 members from 54 work teams), we observed that perceived intra-team competition represents a key context factor that moderates the relationship between dominance displays and influence attainment. Although dominant members attained more influence than non-dominant members, their influence was proportionally greater when team competition was high, rather than low. A follow-up scenario experiment ( n = 429 participants) confirmed the proposed causal direction of this interaction effect. Moreover, this study showed that normative evaluations of (non-)dominant behavior drive the findings. Dominance displays were considered more appropriate, normal, and functional (i.e., normative) in teams with high competition, whereas non-dominant behavior was seen as more normative in teams where competition was low. Consequently, non-dominant members also gained influence in this last team situation, reducing the relative influence advantage of dominant members. The results support both the functional view and the contextual value perspective on hierarchy formation in teams, and inform organizations about how they can prevent dominance-based influence processes.
The bar of Forocoches as a masculine online place: Affordances, masculinist digital practices and trolling
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Silvia , García-Mingo Elisa
Published: November 2022

Forocoches is an underexplored online forum, part of the Spanish manosphere, notorious for its misogynistic and trolling content. In this work, we understand Forocoches, through the metaphor of the bar, as a distinct (online) place where men go to talk and joke around. The interaction of very specific affordances enables the creation of a particular masculinist online culture. The data in this article are drawn from a combination of the walkthrough method with a qualitative content analysis of the forum. Results show that Forocoches’ affordances facilitate the reproduction of masculinist digital practices, particularly trolling-based. The performance of trolling masculinities thus emerges, afforded by the functionalities and diverse uses of the platform, configuring itself as a socially acceptable archetype of digital (hegemonic) masculinity. As a result of this afforded masculinist engagement, the online borders of Forocoches are delineated, clearly distinguishing among insiders and others, which could lead to further reinforcing of hegemonic masculinity.
Artists as tricksters: Exploring boundary crossing between theory and practice in a new doctor of creative arts program
Authors: Batorowicz Beata , Baguley Margaret , Kerby Martin
Published: November 2022

This article explores how artist-researchers navigate the “uncertain” space between theory and practice in a new Doctor of Creative Arts (DCA) program in an Australian regional university. The trickster is deployed as a metaphorical device to provide insights into how the first DCA’s candidates, their supervisors, and the university’s leadership make sense of their own experiences within and about the practice-led research program under a neoliberal climate. Tricksters’ cross boundaries between critical and imaginary spaces; yet they also create boundaries, by extending collective knowledge into the unknown. This process is entirely consistent with the critical and creative work required by doctoral candidates to produce innovative research. Narrative inquiry is applied in accordance with the artist-trickster’s subjective agency within practice-led doctoral study. The article charts the DCA’s emerging identity as a doctoral qualification equal to the traditional PhD but different from it, during its implementation in 2016 to the first successful completion in 2019. The findings reveal the benefits of the program’s innovative design, grounded in the creation of its distinctive community of practice that supports practice-led research, local and international connections, and regional resilience.
Mechanical and performance properties of re-vulcanized blends of GTR/NR
Authors: Zitzumbo R , Becerra María B , Padilla-Rizo Beatriz , Estrada-Monje Anayansi , Alonso-Romero Sergio
Published: November 2022

The effect of natural rubber (NR) on the mechanical and performance properties of ground tire rubber (GTR) has been investigated. The mechanical properties of vulcanized GTR/NR blends were determined in a universal testing machine. It was found a decreasing in the mechanical properties of the GTR/NR blends as the number of re-vulcanization processes increases. This behavior was attributed to the decrease in the concentration on GTR in the vulcanized GTR/NR blend with respect to the next one, and to a structural net degradation into the re-vulcanized GTR/NR blend due to the reversion process (over vulcanization). In the loss modulus charts was observed that the peaks of the curves got smaller and wide as the re-vulcanization process increased, due to the mechanical loses and elastic gains of the GTR/NR re-vulcanized blends. On the other hand, in the performance results was found that the cut growth values of Flexion Ross were more affected by the thickness of the plaque of vulcanized rubber than for the number of re-vulcanization processes of the GTR/NR blend. In addition, as the re-vulcanization processes increased, the structural degradation of the tridimensional cross-linked net, increased as well, more severely from the fourth re-vulcanization process. It could be concluded that the GTR/NR blends with high GTR content, could be used in the sole shoe fabrication, taking care that the thickness is ≤ 4.5 mm, and that the GTR/NR blends have not been subjected to more than two re-vulcanization processes.
Physical Activity, Confidence, and Social Norms Associated With Teachers’ Classroom Physical Activity Break Implementation
Authors: Kuhn Ann Pulling , Parker Elizabeth A. , Lane Hannah G. , Deitch Rachel , Wang Yan , Turner Lindsey , Hager Erin R.
Published: November 2022

Despite the benefits of classroom physical activity breaks on student health and academic outcomes, more research is needed to understand what factors may be associated with classroom physical activity break implementation, to bolster buy-in from school stakeholders and increase implementation. This quantitative study examined frequency of classroom physical activity break implementation in relation to (1) objectively measured teachers’ physical activity and sedentary behaviors, (2) confidence for leading classroom physical activity breaks, (3) social norms (perceptions of other teachers’ classroom physical activity break implementation), and (4) teacher- and school-level demographics. In total, 153 classroom teachers in 20 elementary and middle schools completed a survey including classroom physical activity break frequency, confidence, and social norms, one item each, dichotomized (1 = “most/all the time” OR “agree/strongly agree”). Accelerometry assessed total activity and daytime sedentary behavior. Analyses included multilevel binary logistic regression. Teachers were 90% female, 68% White, and 55% in elementary schools. Odds of implementing classroom physical activity breaks were lower among middle school teachers, 14 times greater among those with greater confidence, and over 17 times greater when teachers perceived others frequently implementing classroom physical activity breaks. Teacher activity was not associated with classroom physical activity break implementation. Future interventions to increase classroom physical activity break implementation should focus on increasing teachers’ confidence to lead classroom physical activity breaks and creating more buy-in from classroom teachers to enhance each school’s culture of health. By enhancing teacher confidence and social norms for implementing classroom physical activity breaks, we may increase school-based physical activity opportunities.
Emergency Endovascular Management of Inadvertent False Lumen Stent Graft Implantation After Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Xinghan , Ma Xiaohai , Wu Wenhui
Published: November 2022

False lumen stent graft implantation is an infrequent but intractable complication of surgery for dissection. Surgery has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 28-year-old patient with complicated type A aortic dissection (TAAD) who developed acute visceral malperfusion after implantation of a stent graft into the false lumen. The patient underwent urgent endovascular revision involving septal fenestration and distal extension of the stent graft into the true lumen.

Clinical Impact

This technology is a good supplement to the clinical practice, providing a new solution to the problem of stent placement in the prosthetic cavity, avoiding the patient to have another surgical operation, which is good for both medicine and patients.
Microstructure design of polyester industrial yarns with excellent flame retardancy and high strength
Authors: Ji Hong , Song Minggen , Wei Ting , Jiang Quan , Ye Fei , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yumei
Published: November 2022

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to balance the high strength and flame retardancy of polyester industrial yarn, the possibility of controlling the uniform dispersion of flame retardant without affecting the crystallization of polyester was discussed in this paper. The long-chain branched flame retardant with good thermal stability in the range of processing temperature was chosen to blend with high viscosity polyester. The addition of flame retardant reduced the melt viscosity and the crystallization ability of polyester, so the melt spinning and drawing process of the flame retardant polyester industrial yarn were optimized for the sufficient crystallization of polyester based on the rheological and crystallization properties of flame retardant polyester. Due to the steric effect of flame retardant, it was eliminated from the crystal region and only existed in the amorphous region of polyester. As a result, the microstructure with high crystallinity and orientation and the morphology with a uniform dispersion of flame retardant were obtained. The flame retardant high strength polyester industrial yarn was successfully prepared with a limiting oxygen index of 32.0% and a breaking strength of 8.0 cN/dtex, which meets the UL-94 V-0 standard and shows good durability of flame retardant after washing and rubbing treatment, achieving the goal of flame retardancy and high strength for the polyester industrial yarn.
The Effect of Napping on the Function of Problem Behavior for One Child With an Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Romani Patrick W. , Schwien McKenzie , Boydstun Drew , Hays Tara , Lick Jennifer , Luehring Mathew C. , Richeson Bailey
Published: November 2022

Many children experience sleep disruption in the form of difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting back to sleep. Children with acquired brain injuries (ABI) sometimes experience an exacerbation of these symptoms. Thus, researchers and practitioners alike need to identify creative assessment and treatment approaches to meet this population’s needs. The purpose of the current case study was to highlight one method for (a) determining a nap schedule and (b) evaluating the effect of fatigue on behavioral function for one child diagnosed with an ABI. We conducted a scatterplot analysis to identify periods in which problem behaviors occurred more or less often. These data informed when the child took naps. Afterward, the child participated in a functional analysis of problem behavior before a nap and again after a nap. Results showed both negative and positive reinforcement maintained problem behaviors before naps, while only positive reinforcement maintained problem behaviors after naps. Functional communication training (FCT) programs implemented to address escape, tangible, and attention functions before naps reduced problem behavior and increased communication. These data suggested that (a) motivating operations for problem behavior can differ depending on fatigue and (b) FCT is an effective intervention for problem behavior affected by fatigue. The current study provides an example of an assessment and treatment approach when biologic factors, like sleep, may influence problem behavior.
Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches
Authors: Fornalski Krzysztof W. , Adamowski Łukasz , Bugała Ernest , Jarmakiewicz Rafał , Kirejczyk Marek , Kopyciński Jakub , Krasowska Julianna , Kukulski Piotr , Piotrowski Łukasz , Ponikowska Julia , Reszczyńska Joanna , Słonecka Iwona , Wysocki Paweł , Dobrzyński Ludwik
Published: November 2022

This review article describes our simplified biophysical model for the response of a group of cells to ionizing radiation. The model, which is a product of 10 years of studies, acts as (a) a comprehensive stochastic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation with a probability tree and (b) the thereof derived detailed deterministic models describing the selected biophysical and radiobiological phenomena in an analytical manner. Specifically, the presented model describes effects such as the risk of neoplastic transformation of cells relative to the absorbed radiation dose, the dynamics of tumor development, the priming dose effect (also called the Raper–Yonezawa effect) based on the introduced adaptive response approach, and the bystander effect. The model is also modifiable depending on users’ potential needs.
Antenatal and postpartum immunological markers levels in women with HIV infection and malnutrition in a low resource setting: A pilot study
Authors: Chandiwana Panashe , Munjoma Privilege T , Mazhandu Arthur J , Mazengera Lovemore R , Misselwitz Benjamin , Jordi Sebastian B U , Yilmaz Bahtiyar , Duri Kerina
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Both, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and malnutrition are major challenges in pregnancy and postpartum in low-resource settings and the respective cytokine levels remain poorly described. The main objectives of this study were to find immune markers that are associated with HIV infection and malnutrition in pregnant women and to determine how these would change at 14 weeks postpartum.Method: Pregnant women of at least 20 weeks gestational age were enrolled into this longitudinal observational single centre pilot study at 4 primary health clinics in high-density areas around Harare, Zimbabwe. Socio-demographic and clinical data including plasma samples were collected in pregnancy and 14 weeks postpartum (PP). Mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) ≤23 cm was used as an indicator for malnourishment. Fifty-six cytokines and chemokines were assayed in plasma using the Mesoscale multiplex assay. We determined cytokine/chemokine levels including markers for vascular injury in HIV-infection and malnutrition. Associations remaining significant after multiple test correction were confirmed in multivariable analyses after controlling for confounders.Results: Ninety-seven pregnant women were recruited for this study and from these, 44 were randomly selected for cytokine assaying of which 20 HIV infected, 15 malnourished, and 9 well-nourished HIV uninfected participants. HIV infection was associated with significantly higher interleukin (IL)-4 ( q < 0.05) and IL-10 ( q < 0.001) in pregnancy. Longitudinally, IL-4 ( q < 0.01) and IL-10 ( q < 0.001) significantly increased in HIV uninfected women whilst in the HIV-infected both were non-significantly decreased. IL-8 (q < 0.05) levels significantly increased in HIV-infected women from pregnancy to 14 weeks PP. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) ( q < 0.05) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) ( q < 0.05) were significantly lower in malnourished women in pregnancy and 14 weeks PP, respectively. Conclusions: IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and VCAM-1 are potential biomarkers for monitoring immune functioning in HIV-infected pregnant women and malnutrition. However, studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm these findings.
Learning to coach: An ecological dynamics perspective
Authors: Wood Matthew A , Mellalieu Stephen D , Araújo Duarte , Woods Carl T , Davids Keith
Published: November 2022

A constraints-led approach (CLA), based on an ecological dynamics rationale for athlete learning and development has been applied to analyses of individual and team sports. To date, such an approach has yet to be applied to the learning of coaches. Here, we propose how applying a CLA in education and professional development programmes can shape emerging behaviours of coaches as they interact with constraints of representative environments to adapt their practice. A core concept within ecological dynamics for coach education is the conceptual differentiation between knowledge of (direct perception) and knowledge about (indirect perception) the environment. Current coach education and development practices focus primarily on the acquisition and transmission of knowledge about, which over-relies on provision of (abstract) verbal and visual augmented corrective information found in manuals. Reconsidering coaches’ behaviours as emerging under constraints provides a coach developer opportunities to identify and manipulate key individual, environmental and task constraints. This approach guides attention to relevant and alternative affordances (opportunities for action) when coaching, and promotes continuous self-regulation of coach learning, supported by an experienced mentor. Learning to coach through a CLA could result in an extensive appreciation of multiple sources of knowledge, resulting in a continuously deepening fit between the coach and their performance environment. An ecological perspective of a coach learning to adapt to the constraints of a performance environment offers an alternative to current formalised coach development practice.
Prophylactic cryoprecipitate transfusion in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery: A randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Ismail Tarek I , Mahrous Rabab SS
Published: November 2022

Background:

Scoliosis surgeries in adults often have a high risk of massive blood loss and significant transfusion of blood products during and after surgery. It is not known whether early cryoprecipitate therapy is useful in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements. The objective of this randomised, prospective placebo control study was to evaluate whether prophylactic administration of cryoprecipitate would reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements during scoliosis surgery.

Methods:

Eighty adult patients scheduled to undergo elective scoliosis correction were randomly assigned to receive either ten units of cryoprecipitate before incision (cryo group) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (placebo group). Blood loss, transfusion requirements, coagulation parameters and complications were assessed.

Results:

No significant differences were found in the volume of transfused blood products, intraoperative estimated blood loss between the intervention and placebo groups. Postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the cry group when compared to the other group. During adult surgical correction of scoliosis, prophylactic administration of cryoprecipitate did not diminish the amount of transfused blood products or decrease intraoperative blood loss.

Conclusion:

It could be concluded that the prophylactic administration of cryoprecipitate shows no differences in intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements during scoliosis surgery.
Identifying key success factors for startups With sentiment analysis using text data mining
Authors: Asgari Tina , Daneshvar Amir , Chobar Adel Pourghader , Ebrahimi Maryam , Abrahamyan Simon
Published: November 2022

It is aimed to identify the basic success factors, which are essential for startups as they intend to develop successful and profitable business models over time. To this end, it is attempted to analyze the sentiments on user-generated content (UGC) on Twitter. First, trigram word cloud is used. Then, a sentiment analysis is done with various predictive models including random forest, support-vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to test the labeling of unlabeled data. To divide topics into negative, positive, and neutral sentiments, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) has been applied. According to the results, the MLP method on the basis of accuracy criterion offers an accuracy of 0.81, which is higher than other tested methods. In this regard, random forest and SVM methods provide accuracy of 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. Voting and stacking algorithms were used to increase the accuracy of the algorithms. However, it is found that with the use of voting method, the accuracy is almost equal to the results obtained from the MLP and with stacking method the accuracy is less than all three methods. Using word cloud, it is indicated that the most negative trigram is startups innovation regarding climate change, the most positive one is product marketing management and business-related concepts are determined as neutral. It is found that startup acceleration process, pushing for quicker completion, delivering the best product at the beginning of the project, poor management practices, and focusing just on properties are grouped as negative sentiments. On the other hand, sustainable and innovative business plan, the presence of experienced entrepreneurs and investors, coronavirus (COVID-19), and innovation are recognized as positive sentiments, and no analysis is given for neutral sentiments.
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Can Improve Quality of Life
Authors: Chesser Hannah , Srinivasan Shylaja , Puckett Cassidy , Gitelman Stephen E. , Wong Jenise C.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is effective for diabetes management in cases of type 1 diabetes and adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but has not been assessed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with T2D. The objective of this pilot interventional study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of real-time CGM use in AYAs with T2D.

Methods:

Adolescents and young adults (13-21 years old) with T2D for six months or more and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) greater than 7%, on any Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment regimen, were included. After a blinded run-in period, participants were given access to a real-time CGM system for 12 weeks. The use and acceptability of the real-time CGM were evaluated by sensor usage, surveys, and focus group qualitative data.

Results:

Participants’ (n = 9) median age was 19.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 16.8-20.5) years, 78% were female, 100% were people of color, and 67% were publicly insured. Baseline A1c was 11.9% (standard deviation ±2.8%), with median diabetes duration of 2.5 (IQR 1.4-6) years, and 67% were using insulin. Seven participants completed the study and demonstrated statistically significant improvement in diabetes-related quality of life, with the mean Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL) diabetes score increasing from 70 to 75 after using CGM ( P = .026). Focus group results supported survey results that CGM use among AYAs with T2D is feasible, can improve quality of life, and has the potential to modify behavior.

Conclusion:

Real-time CGM is feasible and acceptable for AYAs with T2D and may improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the effects on glycemic control and healthy lifestyle changes.
In vitro and Ex vivo Antioxidant Activity and Sustained Release Properties of Sinomenine-Loaded Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Biomaterials Simulating Cells-in-Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Yang Xinying , Xia Hongmei , Li Yufan , Cheng Yongfeng , Wang Yu , Xia Ying , Yue Yan , Cheng Xiaoman , Chu Zhaoxing
Published: November 2022

Sinomenine (SIN), a natural product, has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China for thousands of years. SIN has been developed for the treatment of RA by way of tablets and injections, but both dosage forms have been associated with severe adverse reactions. Making SIN into liposomes-in-hydrogel biomaterials for external use has a good slow-release effect and can play an important role in avoiding the first-pass effect, gastrointestinal reaction, and increasing the local action time of drugs. SIN-loaded liposomes were formed by the thin-film dispersion method, then SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels were prepared by combining the SIN-L with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. In this paper, the basic characteristics, In vitro and Ex vivo release, and antioxidant activity of SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels were studied. The results showed that SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels have good sustained-release and antioxidant effects, and the preparation is expected to be a good biomaterial.
Active Compounds From Inga edulis Martius Seeds Against Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ferro Angelica , Cretton Sylvian , Abreu Venturini Polese Ariele , Endringer Denise Coutinho , Cuendet Muriel
Published: November 2022

Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological cancer with an average survival time of only 5 to 10 years due to the high rate of relapse and resistance. Although the introduction of novel classes of drugs has improved the standard of care, new strategies are urgently needed. Plants are primary sources of bioactive natural compounds for cancer treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro inhibitory activity of the Inga edulis seed extract against multiple myeloma cells, as well as the compounds isolated from this extract. The ethanolic extract of the seeds of I. edulis inhibited 85% of RPMI 8226 cell proliferation at 20 µg/mL. Then, the extract was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation to afford 3 saponins known as concinnoside D (1), julibroside A1 (2), and julibroside A3 (3). The isolated saponins exhibited antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the low µM range for compounds 2 and 3. Compound 1 was considered inactive (IC50 > 20 µM). Therefore, the seeds of I. edulis could be considered as a source of active compounds against multiple myeloma.
Revisiting the National School Heath Data Set: Every Student Counts!
Authors: Stanislo Kimberly J.
Published: November 2022

The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) launched the National School Health Data Set: Every Student Counts! data initiative in 2018. The data set is comprised of four main areas and has an overarching goal of identifying best practices in school health to meet the needs of students and improve health outcomes. Management of the recent pandemic might have interfered with school nurses participating in this initiative. The goal of this article is to reenergize and familiarize school nurses with this data initiative and highlight the data points added or expanded since 2018 and why they are important to school nursing practice and addressing health equity of students. For more information on NASN’s National School Health Data Set: Every Student Counts!, go to https://nasn.org/everystudentcounts .
The Roses and Thorns of Legislative Advocacy in School Nursing Leadership
Authors: Gavin Eileen M. , Cogan Robin , Galemore Cynthia A.
Published: November 2022

State School Nurse Consultants provide leadership and technical assistance in many areas related to safety, education, and well-being of students. One area of assistance includes health surveillance and disease prevention. During the pandemic, summer of 2020, the legislative co-chairs of the New Jersey State School Nurses Association advocated for a State School Nurse Consultant position at the New Jersey Department of Education. The story of their relentless pursuit of legislation that would support this position is shared in this article archiving one of the most tumultuous times in recent school nursing history. Successful passage of a law to establish the position of a State School Nurse Consultant was only the initial step in a life-lesson about advocacy, patience, and collaboration. Learn about the roses and thorns of school nursing legislative advocacy and consider joining your affiliates’ legislative team!
Social data governance: From reflective practices to comparative synthesis
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Jing
Published: November 2022

This special theme brings together reflections and deliberations regarding the design, implementation, and development of data governance. By addressing “social data governance” as the keyword of the special theme, we aim to further the discussion on a contextual understanding of both the governing foundations and effects of data, dataism, and datafication in different societies. Such a discussion reminds us to pay particular attention to—and thus account for—the social dynamics that underpin and contextualize the design, operation, and promotion of quantified governing mechanisms in which information on social behaviors is collected, datafied, manipulated, and represented. Essentially, the social dynamics of data governance have existed for a long time and in many forms, ranging from credit bureaus’ scrutiny, evaluation, and labeling of their customers to internet-enabled massive data collection and scoring systems used by governments, and to automated contact tracing techniques as a centerpiece of dataveillance and infection control amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, scholarly work from a wide range of disciplines like law, mathematics, and business and with diverse geographical foci has not yet been comparatively and reflectively articulated. Being rich and diverse, the special theme advances such a requisite understanding of the status and relevance of social dynamics of data governance mechanisms based on a wide range of empirical cases around the globe. To scrutinize the social dynamics helps illuminate and contrast divergent manifestations of data governance and their underlying mechanisms.
The role of digital health in palliative care for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Mwase Christopher , Nkhoma Kennedy , Allsop Mathew J
Published: November 2022

Background

In 2018, 26.6 million people were living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Palliative care services are recommended for people living with HIV at all stages from diagnosis through to end-of-life. However, the provision of palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa is limited, leading to little or no access for the majority of patients. Digital technologies in sub-Saharan Africa present an opportunity to improve access to palliative care for people living with HIV in the region. This review synthesised literature on digital health interventions for palliative care for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and assessed their effects on patient outcomes.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Global Health. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Two independent reviewers conducted study screening, data extraction and quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis was performed to draw together and report findings across heterogeneous studies. Reporting of this review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis checklist.

Results

Out of 4117 records, 25 studies were included, covering 3592 people living with HIV, across 21 countries. Studies included three randomised controlled trials, three qualitative, three pre- and post-test, two observational, two case series, six cross-sectional and six mixed methods studies. Telemedicine was the most reported digital health intervention, with 12 studies demonstrating the effectiveness of digital health interventions.

Conclusion

Emerging evidence suggests digital health interventions can be effective in facilitating patient-provider communication and health professional decision-making as a part of palliative care for people living with HIV. There is a need for further development and evaluation of digital health interventions alongside determining optimal approaches to their implementation as a part of palliative care provision in sub-Saharan Africa.