bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Rash Induced by Sulfhydryl Drug in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kitamura Kazuko , Aihara Michiko , Ikezawa Zenro
Published: April 2015

Adverse reactions produced by sulfhydryl compounds with active thiol groups have generally formed a distinctive pattern in man when they are viewed as a class. It has been reported that cutaneous SH‐induced drug eruptions have a wide variety of clinical presentations; histologically, they show a pattern of eosinophilic necrosis and/or satellite necrosis similar to that seen in cutaneous graft vs host reactions.

In the present experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized with cephalothin (CET) and thiol compounds such as tiopronin (TP), D‐penicillamine, gold sodium thiomalate or thiomalate, using a method similar to that described previously. In lymphocyte stimulation tests, lymph node cells from the sensitized animals responded positively to spleen cells pulsed with each thiol compound. Intracutaneous tests revealed some positive reactions to each thiol compound; there was a tendency to produce a tuberculin type reaction with indurated erythema rather than the Jones‐Mote type seen in CET‐induced reactions. The dose‐requirements for positive intracutaneous tests and generalized rash (GR) due to thiol compounds were lower than for CET, which required relatively large doses. Histologically, infiltration of basophilic cells was prominent in the skin lesions induced by intracutaneous tests with CET and in those of CET‐induced GR. On the other hand, intracutaneous tests with TP following the induction of TP‐induced GR revealed eosinophilic degeneration of epidermal cells, which was similar to the eosinophilic necrosis seen in cutaneous GVHR. Intracutaneous tests after the induction of CET‐GR did not show any eosinophilic changes in the epidermal cells.

These findings are reminiscent of the characteristics of eruptions induced by thiol compounds in man, which differ from the eruptions induced by CET.
Isolation and Culture of Panning Method‐enriched Langerhans Cells from Dispase‐dissociated Epidermal Cells of the Mouse
Authors: Koyama Yoh‐ichi , Kobayashi Miya , Ohashi Koji , Nagao Shizuko , Niwa Jun‐ichi , Takahashi Hisahide , Hoshino Takeshi , Marunouchi Tohru
Published: April 2015

Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow‐derived, Ia‐positive antigen‐presenting cells in the epidermis which constitute 2–4% of the total epidermal cells. We examined the usefulness of a combination of dispase treatment and the panning method for enriching and culturing mouse LCs. Trunk skin was treated with partially purified dispase (Godo Shusei, type II) to separate epidermal sheets and to dissociate epidermal cells. Suspended cells were treated with ascites or culture supernatant containing anti‐Ia monoclonal antibody, and LCs were enriched by the Ia‐mediated panning method. Per mouse, 3–4 × 105 LCs were recovered with >95% purity and >90% viability. Enriched LCs potently stimulated the allogeneic mixed‐leukocyte reaction. Ultrastructural observations revealed that enriched LCs contained many vesicles but almost no Birbeck granules. A laminal structure, which was apparently adhesive to the surface of LCs, was observed when ascites were employed as the anti‐Ia antibody. These results indicate that a combination of dispase treatment and the Ia‐mediated panning method is very useful for isolating high yields of functionally mature murine Langerhans cells with high purity and viability.
Ultrasonography of Proliferative Vascular Lesions of the Skin
Authors: Betti Roberto , Nessi Renato , Blanc Marco , Bencini Pier Luca , Galimberti Michela , Crosti Carlo , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2015

High‐resolution ultrasonography with small part probes was performed on 20 proliferative vascular lesions of the skin (3 lymphangiomas, 9 hemangiomas, 8 Kaposi sarcomas). All the lesions were submitted to histological examination. The histological cuts were made in the same planes as the ultrasound scans in order to obtain a direct comparison.

The sonographic pattern of each histotype is characteristic and correlated with the corresponding histological picture. Lymphangiomas appear as large anechoic communicating cavities; hemangiomas have small hypoechoic areas separated by thin hyperechoic septa. Kaposi sarcomas possess a mixed sonographic structure with ill‐defined margins.

Ultrasound is proposed as a simple and harmless diagnostic aid to clinical examination of proliferative vascular lesions of the skin.
Recurrent Male Herpes Genitalis with Two Different Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Yoshida Masami , Tezuka Tadashi
Published: April 2015

A case of a 50‐year‐old man with recurrent herpes genitalis with two different isolated strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 is reported. Morphologically, two types of cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by viruses were observed in the Vero cell cultures, one being a syncytial giant cell formation and the other a rounded cell formation without cell adhesion resembling the CPE induced by ordinary HSV type 2. In this case, it is clinically interesting that the patient complained of persistent pain on the glans and urethra without recurrence of herpetic lesions even after the involution of enanthema. The correlation between the persistent pain and neurovirulence of the two different HSV strains is discussed.
A Familial Occurrence of Sporotrichosis
Authors: Yamada Yoshitaka , Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji , Ozasa Shozaburo , Tohgi Kimiko
Published: April 2015

A grandfather and granddaughter suffering from sporotrichosis were reported. It is thought that they might have been infected from the same source of Sporothrix schenckii (S. schenckii).
Lymphatic Invasion of Nevus Cells Observed in Intradermal Nevus
Authors: Katsumata Michio , Matsunaga Tsuyoshi , Maruyama Ryuji , Ezoe Kazuhiko
Published: April 2015

A pigmented nevus was observed on the medial aspect of the left scapula of a 30‐year‐old woman. Histologically, the lesion showed the pattern of a typical intradermal nevus, consisting of type A, B and C cells. However, the most characteristic feature of this intradermal nevus was the projection of polypoid masses of nevus cells containing melanin into the lumen of a lymphatic vessel in the upper dermis. To our knowledge, lymphatic invasion in pigmented nevi is rare; this finding is interesting, if we consider the relationship between nevus cells and lymph nodes.
Two‐dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Human Hair Matrix Proteins Using Isoelectric Focusing Electrophoresis as the First Dimension
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

S‐carboxymethylated (SCM) matrix proteins from fifteen normal human scalp hair specimens were analyzed using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with usual isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as the first dimension and then with usual sodium dodecyl sulfate‐PAGE as the second dimension. On the electrophoregrams obtained, one low‐mobility smear of SCM proteins embedding one SCM protein band was always seen. Many higher‐mobility SCM protein spots were also always seen. However, some variations were seen in these SCM protein compositions; in type I, there were eighteen SCM protein components and, in type II, seventeen components.
Depletion and Repopulation of Langerhans Cells in Nonsegmental Type Vitiligo
Authors: Kao Chao‐Hsing , Yu Hsin‐Su
Published: April 2015

The role of Langerhans cells in the pathogenesis of nonsegmental type vitiligo is still unknown. In this study, biopsies were taken from 26 patients at various stages of nonsegmental type vitiligo and morphometrically observed to investigate the kinetics of Langerhans cells in patients at various stages of the disease. A marked depletion of OKT6‐positive and ATPase‐positive epidermal dendritic cells was noted in patients with active nonsegmental type vitiligo. A repopulation of both OKT6‐positive and ATPase‐positive epidermal dendritic cells was noted in patients with stable nonsegmental type vitiligo. Profound depletion of epidermal OKT6‐positive and ATPase‐positive dendritic cells was noted in patients with repigmenting nonsegmental type vitiligo receiving treatments involving topical use of 0.05% Fluocinonide cream or PUVA photochemotherapy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the absence of epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells and intermediate cells) in patients with active and repigmenting nonsegmental type vitiligo. In active nonsegmental type vitiligo, two possible explanations are proposed for the depletion of OKT6‐positive and ATPase‐positive epidermal dendritic cells (presumptive Langerhans cells): 1) the cells are destroyed by cytotoxic factors released during the course of destruction of melanocytes in active vitiligo, and/or 2) they leave the epidermis and migrate to regional lymph nodes to present certain antigens which are released from certain destroyed epidermal cells (keratinocytes or melanocytes) during the course of active vitiligo. The repopulated epidermal Langerhans cells may result from phenotypically transformed dermal dendritic cells in the depigmented lesions of patients with stable vitiligo. Since various therapies which result in repigmentation deplete the density of epidermal Langerhans cells markedly, it is suggested that depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells in stable vitiligo may aid in repigmentation. It is also proposed that the repopulated epidermal Langerhans cells may play a role in inhibiting the proliferation of epidermal melanocytes in depigmented lesions of stable vitiligo, thus various methods of treatment which deplete the Langerhans cells may eventually aid in the repigmentation of nonsegmental type vitiligo.
Antiproliferative Effect of Hyperthermia and ACNU on Cultured Human Malignant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Someya Tohru , Nogita Toshitatsu , Yamada Kiyoshi , Tsuchida Tetsuya , Watanabe Ryoji , Otsuka Fujio
Published: April 2015

Human malignant melanoma cultured cells were treated either with ACNU (1‐(4‐amino‐2‐methyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl)methyl‐3‐(2‐chlorethyl)‐3‐nitrosourea hydrochloride), hyperthermia, or the combination of ACNU and hyperthermia. The combination treatment inhibited the cell growth to a slightly synergistic degree compared to the respective single treatments. The present in vitro experimental results support in part the finding of our previous report that the combination treatment with ACNU and hyperthermia have a significantly synergistic antitumor effect to human melanoma transplanted to nude mice. However, the synergistic effect was much less intense in the present in vitro experiment. The difference may have resulted from the environmental differences between in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.
Cicatricial Pemphigoid with Linear IgA Deposit
Authors: Tamaki Kunihiko , Nashiro Kiyoko , Ishii Akiko
Published: April 2015

A Japanese woman with typical clinical and histological manifestations of cicatricial pemphigoid was presented. Direct immunofluorescent (IF) investigation of perilesional skin revealed in vivo deposits of IgA but not of IgG, IgM, or C3. Indirect IF study revealed that this patient had circulating antibody against epidermal basement membrane zone of the IgA class. We would like to classify this case as cicatricial pemphigoid with IgA deposits rather than as a cicatricial variant of linear IgA bullous dermatosis.
Desferrioxamine in the Treatment of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: Ineffectiveness of Intramuscular Administration
Authors: Muñoz Juan J. , Garcia‐Cabezas Juan , Martinez‐Verano Juan , Perez‐Oteyza Carlos , de Salamanca Rafael Enriquez
Published: April 2015

Four patients suffering from porphyria cutanea tarda received intramuscularly 10–15 g per month of desferrioxamine for periods ranging between 21 and 50 months. Porphyrin excretion was serially analyzed during this treatment.

Desferrioxamine administration did not induce remission of the disease, which was subsequently achieved after treatment either with phlebotomies or chloroquine.

Therefore, chronic intramuscular administration of desferrioxamine alone is ineffective in porphyria cutanea tarda.
Malignant Histiocytosis with Panniculitis
Authors: Kullavanijaya Preya , Kulthanan Kanokvalai
Published: April 2015

We report a case of malignant histiocytosis which began with the skin lesions of panniculitis. A 32‐year‐old woman presented with recurrent erythematous plaques, subcutaneous nodules, and ulcers on the trunk and the extremities and intermittent fever for 7 months. The cutaneous lesions consisted of erythematous and brownish irregular‐shaped patches and tender cutaneous nodules 0.5–1.0 cm in diameter. Central necrosis and shallow ulcers were seen in the lesions. The patient also suffered from general fatigue, arthralgia, and weight loss. She was anemic and thrombocytopenic and had progressive impairment of liver function with coagulation defect. Histopathological study of skin lesions showed lobular panniculitis without vasculitis in the subcutaneous fat tissue. In the panniculitis lesion, moderate mixed cell infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes was observed. Bone marrow aspiration revealed an increase in the number of histiocytes, mostly immature with active phagocytosis of erythroid cells, myeloid cells, and platelets. She was diagnosed as having malignant histiocytosis and treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone which she responded well; her fever subsided and the lesions healed with hyperpigmentation. In this patient, benign histiocytes with hemophagocytosis without immature forms were found in the skin lesions. According to our knowledge, this is the first Thai report of malignant histiocytosis with clinical features of panniculitis.
Psoriasis, Necrobiosis Lipoidica, Granuloma Annulare, Vitiligo and Skin Infections in the Same Diabetic Patient
Authors: Abraham Zeev , Lahat Nitza , Kinarty Amalia , Feuerman Eleasar J.
Published: April 2015

A diabetic patient is described presenting psoriasis, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, granuloma annulare, and vitiligo and with a history of recurrent erysipelas and mycotic infections. Scrupulous physical examination excluded further systemic or cutaneous involvement. The immunological workup revealed both phenotypic and functional defects in cellular immunity.
Senile Hypertrophy of Tyson's Glands
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Matsuno Michio , Ishihara Tsuyoshi , Saita Buzou
Published: April 2015

A 77‐year‐old Japanese male presented a band of Tyson's glands over the penis shaft with a hypersecretion of the sebum over the corresponding area.
Defective DNA Repair in Cultured Melanocytes from Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun , Mamada Akira , Kondo Seiji , Satoh Yoshiaki
Published: April 2015

The DNA repair of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced damages in primary cultured melanocytes from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients and normal subjects were studied by measuring unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) on autoradiographs. Melanocytes were cultured in α‐minimum essential medium (α‐MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13 acetate (TPA), and geneticin. The levels of UDS in XP melanocytes were compared with those in normal melanocytes.

In both normal and XP melanocytes, post‐UV‐UDS increased dose‐dependently at doses of 5–10 J/m2. XP melanocytes exhibited various levels of defect in DNA repair, depending on the type of XP. Melanocytes from XP‐A patients displayed very low levels of UDS, only 6.2–8.4% that of the normal melanocytes. However, UDS values in melanocytes from intermediate groups, XP‐D, XP‐E, and XP‐F, were relatively high, 37.2–53.5% of the control in XP‐D, 50.0–66.5% in XP‐E, and 38.2–46.7% in XP‐F, respectively. Melanocytes from XP‐variant patients exhibited almost normal levels of UDS, 87.7–91.6% of those from normal subjects. The levels of UDS in XP melanocytes were very similar to those in fibroblasts isolated from the same specimens.
A Case of Sneddon's Syndrome with Positive ANA and Anti‐cardiolipin Antibodies: Primary Anti‐phospholipid Syndrome?
Authors: Otoyama Kazunobu , Katayama Ichiro , Suzuki Yuhsuke , Tone Takeshi , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nishiyama Shigeo
Published: April 2015

A 22‐year‐old woman developed ulcerative lesions on the lower extremities which usually exacerbated during the summer. Histological analysis revealed a micro‐thrombotic lesion in the deep dermis without inflammatory cell infiltration or fibrinoid degeneration of blood vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple cerebral infarctions. Abnormal laboratory findings included an elevated anti‐cardiolipin antibody titer and positive speckled pattern ANA (x80), but without other manifestations or signs of SLE. FACS analysis revealed that the patient's serum reacted with ethanol fixed endothelial cells in addition to keratinocytes and peripheral blood neutrophils. This case was thought to be livedo reticularis and cerebral thrombotic lesions (Sneddon's syndrome) associated with atrophie blanche or livedo(id) vasculitis and may be one clinical subset of primary anti‐phospholipid syndrome.
Malignant Eccrine Tumor
Authors: Nakamura Shin‐ichi , Imai Toshiya , Nakayama Keiji , Goto Masanori , Nishihara Kiyoshi , Hoshi Kenji
Published: April 2015

A case of malignant eccrine tumor and its histological findings were reported. In this case, we considered basal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma clinically; however, the histological features matched those of malignant eccrine tumor.

It has been said that it is very difficult to determine the origin of tumors of sweat apparatus; to contribute to this ongoing dialogue, the classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus was also discussed.
Phototests in Japanese Patients with Papulovesicular Light Eruption: Positive Provocation with UVA
Authors: Torinuki Wakio
Published: April 2015

In six Japanese patients with papulovesicular light eruption (PVLE), photoprovocative tests were performed by irradiating UVA or UVB on the skin of the back on three consecutive days. One patient developed the typical lesion of PVLE at the test site with two consecutive daily irradiations of UVA. The remaining 5 patients had no abnormal phototest reactions. It was obvious that UVA plays an etiological role in at least some cases of PVLE.
Pedunculated Pigmented Eccrine Poroma of the Scalp with Increased Urinary Excretion of 5‐S‐Cysteinyldopa
Authors: Jin Kumi , Nogita Toshitatsu , Toyoda Hiroyuki , Kawashima Makoto , Hidano Akira
Published: April 2015

We describe a 52‐year‐old man with a pedunculated pigmented eccrine poroma mimicking a nodular malignant melanoma in the occipital region. The tumor was once resected but soon recurred.

Histologically, the tumor mass extended from the epidermis downwards into the dermis and contained melanin granules in some areas. The tumor cells were uniformly cuboidal in appearance and had round, deeply basophilic nuclei.

Initially, the urinary excretion level of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5‐S‐CD) was high, but, after resection of the tumor, the level of 5‐S‐CD returned to normal.
Linear Epidermal Nevus with Acantholytic Dyskeratosis in an Infant
Authors: Yasutomi Hiroshi , Arakawa Kenzo , Akagi Osamu , Miyashita Masato , Arata Jirô
Published: April 2015

A 7‐month‐old boy came to us with flat papules and small erosions on the extensor aspect of his left forearm and a linear arrangement of verrucous papules on the dorsum of his left hand. Histological examination revealed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, irregular acanthosis, and marked acantholysis from suprabasal through upper epidermis. This is the first reported case of linear epidermal nevus with acantholytic dyskeratosis in Japan.
Laser Medicine and Laser Dermatology
Authors: Parrish John A.
Published: April 2015

As laser devices become smaller, more reliable, and less expensive, dermatology will benefit from new laser‐based therapeutic and diagnostic methods. Already there are simple, non‐scarring, and relatively painless techniques for removal of pigmented lesions, tattoos, and vascular lesions. Because much of the basic and applied research in photobiology is grounded in dermatology research, dermatology will continue to be a major contributor to advances in laser medicine and photomedicine. An increase in understanding and ability to manipulate laser‐tissue interactions will add greatly to the future of medicine and surgery, especially in applications utilizing pulsed lasers. We are learning how to: 1) vary wavelength, pulse duration, and energy to influence the nature of microscopic injury and host response in order to achieve a net therapeutic benefit; 2) utilize exogenous chromophores to increase the selection of targets for laser radiation; and 3) capture optical technology developed for industrial and military use, in order to benefit mankind with new medical and surgical techniques.
Clinical Survey of Syphilis at the Dermatological Clinic of Nippon Medical School Hospital from 1984 to 1988, with Special Reference to the Recent Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation of IgM Antibodies to Treponema pallidum
Authors: Ishinaga Michi , Sasaki Eiko
Published: April 2015

One hundred eighty‐one patients with syphilis were seen from May 1, 1984, to April 30, 1988 at the Dermatological Clinic of Nippon Medical School Hospital. The incidence of syphilis has increased gradually year by year. The number of early infectious syphilis cases was almost twice as high as late latent syphilis ones. As a source of infection, female prostitutes were noteworthy.

Among primary syphilis cases, multiple chancres were observed in 29.2%. The frequency of ulcus durum was much higher than initial sclerosis. A relationship with oral sex is suggested. Among secondary syphilis cases, pruritus was observed in 23.9%, prominently on volar lesions. Psoriasiform papular and macular syphilide were the commonest features. Secondary syphilis with persisting chancres were seen in 41.3% and is gradually increasing. JH reactions were observed in 26.3%. The frequency was highest in late primary and in early secondary stages.

IgM‐TPHA and IgG‐TPHA were tested in 94 sera by gel‐filtration and 77 by HPLC. IgM‐TPHA tests were reactive in virtually all the sera from untreated syphilis cases. The titres in untreated syphilis were higher than in treated cases. IgM‐TPHA/IgM‐TPHA+IgG‐TPHA was higher in early syphilis than in late syphilis. Fifty‐eight untreated cases were tested at frequent intervals after treatment for up to 12 months. IgM antibodies disappeared in 53 patients within 12 months. Non‐treponemal antibodies measured by the CF test disappeared within 15 patients and TPHA tests remained positive after 12 months in all patients. IgM‐TPHA may support a diagnosis of active syphilis.
Linear IgA Dermatosis and Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Jacyk Witold Kamil , Nagel Gerhardus Jakobus , van der Hoven Alida Elisabeth
Published: April 2015

Linear IgA dermatosis and Hodgkin's lymphoma were diagnosed at the same time in a 47‐year‐old Black South African man. Skin changes of linear IgA dermatosis responded to a combined treatment with dapsone and MOPP regimen. Prior administration of dapsone alone did not result in improvement of the skin condition. Four documented cases of linear IgA dermatosis and lymphoma outside the gastrointestinal tract, three of them of Hodgkin's type, have been reported in the literature. Review of the literature suggests that different forms of lymphoma seem to be associated with linear IgA dermatosis and dermatitis herpetiformis. The present patient represents the first immunologically verified case of linear IgA dermatosis in an adult Black African.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Originating from an Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: Ikeda Isamu , Ono Tomomichi
Published: April 2015

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) originating from an epidermoid cyst which existed for about 50 years was seen in a 78‐year‐old Japanese male. Nests of basal cell carcinoma were connected with the epidermoid cyst, partially replacing the cyst wall.
Unusual Fatty Acid in Sporothrix schenckii
Authors: Yamada Ken‐Ichi
Published: April 2015

Sporothrix schenckii was isolated from a specimen from a 75‐year‐old woman with lymphatic sporotrichosis on the left forearm. A mass of fungi was cultured in liquid Sabouraud dextrose broth for three months. Crude lipids were extracted from the cultured fungal mass. Total fatty acids and free fatty acids were isolated, purified, and then analyzed using thin‐layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Total fatty acid composition consisted of seven molecular species of C15:0 (2.5%), C16:1 (2.5%), C16:0 (64.5%), 2‐Me‐C16:0 (5.1%), C17:0 (2.0%), C18:1 (18.0%) and C18:0 (5.3%). Free fatty acid composition consisted of eight species of C14:0 (2.0%), C15:1 (4.1%), C16:1 (7.5%), C16:0 (68.5%), C17:0 (0.6%), C18:2 (2.0%), C18:1 (14.5%) and of C18:0 (0.9%). 2‐Me‐C16:0 was detected in the fungus for the first time.
Glycosaminoglycans in Neurofibromas
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuo , Onodera Satoshi
Published: April 2015

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents in neurofibromas (NFs) were examined to clarify how well they corresponded to their histological features. Eight cutaneous NFs and three plexiform NFs from five patients with Recklinghausen's (R) disease, two senile NFs, and control dermis were subjected to the isolation of GAGs. The GAGs were then fractionated and quantitated with two‐dimensional electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. Dry weight/wet weight ratios of the NFs were lower than those of the controls; the plexiform NFs were the lowest. In these plexiform NFs, hyaluronic acid (HA) content was most increased and dermatan sulfate (DS) content most decreased, resulting in a marked decrease in the DS/HA ratio. Both cutaneous and senile NFs showed moderate decreases in DS content, increases in chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate contents, and slight increases in HA content, resulting in moderate decreases in the DS/HA ratio. Considering that cutaneous or senile NFs are relatively more fibrotic tumors than plexiform NFs, these differences in the GAGs between plexiform NFs and cutaneous or senile NFs appear to be consistent with the changes in GAGs previously described in physiological and pathological conditions such as fibrotic diseases. Thus these results suggest that studies of hereditary disorders like R disease might be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of so‐called acquired diseases with unknown etiology.
Anticonvulsant Syndrome with Multiple Symptoms, Including Porphyria, IgA Deficiency, and Liver Dysfunction
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Johno Masayoshi , Kayashima Ken‐ichi , Omori Aiko
Published: April 2015

A 19‐year‐old Japanese female who had been treated for epilepsy with a combined phenytoin‐phenobarbital preparation for the past three years presented with increasing skin pigmentation and hirsutism. She had suffered two attacks of loss of consciousness after bilateral partial oophorectomy at the age of 16. Investigations revealed a marked increase in coproporphyrin levels in the urine and feces, a marked decrease in her serum IgA level, and liver dysfunction. All these manifestations gradually improved upon the withdrawal of her antiepileptic treatment. In vitro studies revealed B cell dysfunction producing IgA deficiency, which normalized within one year after discontinuation of the antiepileptic therapy. It was assumed that her treatment had worsened preexisting porphyria, which was misdiagnosed as epilepsy because of abnormal EEG findings. The type of porphyria appeared to be hereditary coproporphyria, despite the lack of a family history.
Hair Follicle Nevus with Hyperplasia of Smooth and Striated Muscle
Authors: Kirihara Yoshinobu , Suenaga Yoshinori , Take Nobuaki
Published: April 2015

We report a peculiar nevus which occurred on the left side of the chin of an 18‐year‐old male. It had been present for four years and had grown rapidly during the last year. Histologically, many hair follicles, smooth muscles, and striated muscles were found within the reticular dermis. The hair follicles were accompanied by mature sebaceous glands; numerous eccrine glands were seen in the middle and deep dermis. Immunohistochemical stain and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain supported the fact that the muscles seen between the follicles were both smooth and striated. This nevus was considered to be a hair follicle nevus accompanyed by hyperplasia of smooth muscles and striated muscles.
1α,24R‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Has an Ability Comparable to That of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 to Induce Keratinocyte Differentiation
Authors: Kobayashi Teruaki , Okumura Hidenobu , Azuma Yoshiaki , Kiyoki Mamoru , Matsumoto Kunio , Hashimoto Koji , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

Using cultured normal human keratinocytes, we compared the activities of 1α,24R‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24R(OH)2D3), a synthetic derivative of vitamin D3, and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a biologically active form, in inducing cell differentiation. Treatment with 10−6 M of 1,24R(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the number of involucrin positive cells (differentiated cells) from 6.4% to 24.1% and 25.1%, respectively. These results indicate that 1,24R(OH)2D3 has an ability comparable to that of 1,25(OH)2D3 to induce cell differentiation in human keratinocytes. The clinical effectiveness of 1,24R(OH)2D3 for the treatment of psoriasis may be, in part, related to its direct effect on hyperproliferative keratinocytes.
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in AIDS Patients: An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Manca Vania , Mongiardo Nicola , Pellegrino Francesco , De Rienzo Bruno , Giannetti Alberto
Published: April 2015

Hairy leukoplakia is a specific oral lesion associated with the opportunistic development of Epstein‐Barr virus in the oral epithelium. It is now considered to be an early sign of HIV‐induced immunosuppression.

Four cases of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) from the lateral borders of the tongue of male AIDS patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. At the ultrastructural level, herpes‐like viral particles were detected in the oral lesions of all cases. Indirect immunofluorescence performed on two cases showed the presence of EBV antigens in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of the infected epithelial cells.

None of the specimens contained ultrastructural evidence of human papillomaviruses.
Cutaneous Malignant Lymphoma in an Infant
Authors: Umebayashi Yoshihiro , Nameki Hiromasa , Saito Yoshio , Mori Naoyoshi
Published: April 2015

A case of cutaneous malignant lymphoma in a 7‐month‐old infant is described. The skin was the only apparent organ involved. Immunophenotypic studies revealed that the infiltrate was positive for B4 (CD19), J5 (CD10), and cytoplasmic μ chain, and λ chain, but negative for Bl (CD20). The significance of these findings is discussed. We believed the tumor was of B‐cell origin. The reported cases of cutaneous malignant lymphoma in infancy are briefly reviewed.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mRNA Is Not Increased in Psoriatic Skin
Authors: Kobayashi Hitoshi , Yasuda Hidemi , Matsue Hiroyuki , Ohkawara Akira , Ogiso Yoshifumi , Kuzumaki Noboru
Published: April 2015

Poly(A)+mRNAs were purified from the skin sheets of five psoriatic patients and three healthy individuals, and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene was studied by Northern‐blot technique using a cDNA probe of the whole EGF‐receptor gene. Both psoriatic and normal skin had 5.3‐kb and 11.0‐kb mRNAs of the EGF‐receptor gene. There existed no clear differences in the mRNA levels between psoriasis and normal controls. Since Nanney et al. has reported an increased number of EGF‐receptors in active lesions of psoriasis, it has been speculated that the production of EGF‐receptors is not increased, but rather that the down‐regulation may be decreased, in psoriatic skin, resulting in the increased number of EGF‐receptors.
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Authors: Hwang Seon Young , Lee Kwang Hoon , Ahn Jae In
Published: April 2015

A case report on a 23‐year‐old female patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is presented. From 8 years of age, the patient clinically showed multiple xanthoma masses on both knees, both heels, and the nasal bridge, juvenile cataracts, multiple abnormal neurologic dysfunctions, and dementia. The level of cholestanol in urine, serum, and xanthoma mass tissues was increased, as determined by capillary gas chromatography.
A Case of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Determined by Photobiological Study
Authors: Ishii Norihisa , Nakajima Hiroshi , Kondo Seiji , Satoh Yoshiaki , Fujiwara Yoshisada , Shimoda Nagayoshi
Published: April 2015

A case of xeroderma pigmentosum group D in a 36‐year‐old woman (XP85TO) is reported. The patient had severe photosensitivity from age 4, and developed multiple basal cell epitheliomas and solar keratoses but exhibited no apparent neurological defects. A skin phototest by monochromatic ultraviolet light revealed a delayed peak of erythema 48 h after irradiation and lowered minimal erythemal doses. Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced in XP85TO cells was 36.0% in dermal fibroblasts and 32.6% in epidermal keratinocytes compared with normal cells. The XP85TO cells were sensitive to ultraviolet killing (n=1.0, D0=0.80J/m2). In complementation analysis, XP85TO cells did not complement with xeroderma pigmentosum group D cells. These results indicate that patient XP85TO had xeroderma pigmentosum group D.

The Japanese group D patients including XP85TO case showed delayed onset of skin malignant tumors and neurological abnormalities, compared with the group D patients in Europe and the United States. These findings suggest a possible ethnic variation of the clinical phenotype, despite the similar repair defect and ultraviolet hypersensitivity.
Striae Distensae after Tension‐requiring Skin Sutures
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Matsunaga Wakatoshi , Yoshimura Koji
Published: April 2015

Three cases of striae distensae which developed along suture scars after skin surgery were described. The production of striae should be taken into consideration in surgery of the skin, especially in young woman.
Oral Contraceptive‐induced Lupus Erythematosus in a Japanese Woman
Authors: Furukawa Fukumi , Tachibana Takao , Imamura Sadao , Tamura Takashi
Published: April 2015

A case of oral contraceptive‐induced lupus erythematosus (LE) was reported. Erythematous skin lesions were noticed on hypothenor sites of palms and acral sites of pedes. Abnormal laboratory findings included an elevated ESR, CRP and weakly positive anti‐nuclear antibodies. Skin biopsy specimens from involved skin showed Clq deposits at the dermo‐epidermal junction.

LE‐like symptoms were considered to be induced by oral contraceptives, because her symptoms disappeared after the oral contraceptives were discontinued.
Lymphocyte Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Patients with Annular Erythema Associated with Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Katayama Ichiro , Asai Toshiya , Nishiyama Shigeo , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

Lymphocyte response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was analysed in 11 cases with Sjögren syndrome (SjS) who developed annular erythema during the course. Increased lymphocyte response against SEB was observed on day 5 in those patients who developed annular erythema at the time of examination. A similar reaction pattern was observed when Con A and PWM, but not protein A, were used as the mitogen. No significant lymphocyte response was observed in the patients in the inactive stage without annular erythema or in normal controls. Furthermore, peripheral blood lymphocytes express LFA‐1 after SEB stimulation. These results suggest that lymphocytes from SjS patients react to various types of antigenic or mitogenic stimulation and that they express cell adhesion molecules, especially in patients with active annular erythema.
A Novel Anti‐ENA Antibody in Sera of Patients with Childhood Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Miyagawa Sachiko , Inagaki Yasunori , Okada Natsuko , Yoshioka Akira , Ueki Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Kunihiko , Shirai Toshihiko
Published: April 2015

Circulating antibodies against certain extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic importance in connective tissue diseases. We described here an antibody against ENA found in the sera of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The antigen, tentatively called WK according to the patients' initials, was distinct from U1 RNP/Sm, SSA/SSB, Scl‐70, PCNA, PM‐Scl, Jo‐1, and Ku by immunodiffusion. On immunoblotting, the anti‐WK serum recognized polypeptides of 99 kd, 98 kd, and 96 kd in rabbit thymus extracts and a 99 kd polypeptide in KB cell extracts. The anti‐WK antibody was detected in the sera of 2 out of 360 ANA positive patients, both children with clinical features of ITP. One patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus eight years after the onset of ITP.
Biphasic Amyloidosis Arising from Friction Melanosis
Authors: Iwasaki Kazumi , Mihara Motoyuki , Nishiura Seiichi , Shimao Shuhei
Published: April 2015

A 40‐year‐old woman who had used nylon towels in the bath for about 10 years noticed hyperpigmentation on the prominent regions over the bones of the trunk and extremities. She also developed lichenoid papules with itching on her back. Histologically, both the pigmented and the papular lesions had amyloid deposits beneath the epidermis. In this case it is presumed that the papular lesions with amyloid (lichen amyloidosus) developed initially from friction melanosis which became macular pigmented lesion (macular amyloidosis). The etiologic factor of these sequential pathologic changes is considered to be repeated scrubbing with nylon towels.
Silica Granuloma: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Microanalysis
Authors: Chun Soo , Cho Sung Whan
Published: April 2015

A 46‐year‐old woman had 1‐month‐old erythematous papules on the left elbow and both knees where acupuncture with gold needles had been performed twenty years earlier. She also had a 2‐month‐old pruritic scar lesion on the nape.

Histopathologic findings showed sarcoidal granulomas. The presence of silica components in the granulomas was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the lesion on the nape and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDXA) of the lesions on the nape and the left elbow.

We suggest that acupuncture with gold needles may be one cause of silica granuloma.
Solitary Trichoepithelioma Arising in the Elbow
Authors: Nogita Toshitatsu , Kamikawa Tomoyuki
Published: April 2015

A 52‐year‐old Japanese woman with solitary trichoepithelioma on the left elbow was described. This location of the tumor is exceptional.
Abnormal Distribution of Epidermal Protein Antigens in Psoriatic Epidermis
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Wagatsuma Keiko , Ichikawa Eiko , Takahashi Hisashi
Published: April 2015

The immunohistochemical distribution of the epidermal proteins filaggrin, involucrin, and cytokeratins is characteristic in normal epidermis. This distribution may change as a result of malignant transformation or abnormal differentiation. The present study was conducted to determine the patterns of reactivity of psoriatic epidermis to antibodies against various epidermal proteins and to clarify abnormal differentiation or maturation of the keratinocytes in psoriatic epidermis.

Anti‐human filaggrin, anti‐human involucrin, and twelve kinds of anti‐cytokeratin antibodies were used in this study. Cryostat or paraffin‐embedded sections were stained with these antibodies by the avidin‐biotin peroxidase technique. The epidermis of the noninvolved skin of patients with psoriasis vulgaris showed the distribution seen in normal skin. However, involved psoriatic skin revealed little or no reaction in the stratum corneum or in the granular layer with the anti‐filaggrin antibody. Cells positively staining with anti‐involucrin antibody paradoxically appeared in the lower cell layers of involved psoriatic epidermis. An anti‐keratin antibody, AE1, stained suprabasal cells in involved psoriatic epidermis, although this antibody selectively stained epidermal basal cells in normal skin. The other anti‐keratin antibodies, especially KL1, PKK1, and a polyclonal anti‐keratin antibody, were less reactive with involved psoriatic skin than with normal skin.

These observations suggest that the maturation pathway of keratinocytes in active psoriatic lesions differs qualitatively from that in normal epidermis.
Malignant Granular Cell Tumor
Authors: Urabe Atsumichi , Imayama Shuhei , Yasumoto Shinichiro , Nakayama Juichiro , Hori Yoshiaki
Published: April 2015

A malignant granular cell tumor (MGCT) appeared on the subungual tissue of the right index finger of a 51‐year‐old woman. Two years after resection of the tumor, it recurred, and the finger finally had to be amputated. Six months later, she noticed multiple cutaneous nodules on her trunk. Despite chemotherapy and X‐ray irradiation, the patient died 18 months after the second operation. Histology of the specimen revealed a proliferation of both polygonal and spindle‐shaped cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and an eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Peripheral nerves were encompassed by the tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for S‐100 protein and Leu 7 (myelin‐associated glycoprotein). These findings support the hypothesis that MGCT cells are of Schwann cell origin.
Persistent Facial Ulcerations with a Unique Clinical Appearance: Possible Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome
Authors: Inoue Tadanori , Mihara Motoyuki , Nakayama Hidetoshi , Shimao Shuhei , Shimizu Yasuyuki
Published: April 2015

We reported a 53‐year‐old woman with a persistent facial ulcer which moved gradually from the right marginal portion of the nasal root to the right lateral canthus along the margin of the right lower eyelid. The ulcer healed spontaneously. A similar ulcer developed at the entrance of the right anterior naris. The clinical findings were suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma, deep mycosis, mycobacterial infection, or a related condition. However, no definitive diagnosis could be made from the clinicopathological findings or the laboratory examinations, including bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures. The characteristic location of the lesion, and course of the disease, however, suggested the diagnosis of trigeminal trophic syndrome.
Functional Analysis of HLA‐DR‐expressing Keratinocytes from Tuberculin Reactive Skin
Authors: Morikawa Mitsuya , Yasue Takashi , Ohashi Masaru
Published: April 2015

We examined the functional roles of HLA‐DR+ keratinocytes which were induced in vivo from tuberculin reactive skin. At 4 days after intradermal PPD injection, about 80% of keratinocytes obtained from the tuberculin reactive area expressed DR antigens. In 14 of 18 individuals examined, PPD‐pulsed DR+ keratinocyte fraction induced autologous T‐cell proliferation. The proliferative response was PPD‐dependent, antigen specific; it depended upon DR expression by the keratinocyte fraction, because it did not occur in the presence of the PPD‐nonpulsed DR+ keratinocyte fraction and was completely blocked by mouse monoclonal antibody to HLA‐DR. However, the antigen‐presenting capacity of the DR+ keratinocyte fraction appeared to be less than that of monocytes or the DR+ epidermal cell fraction. The DR+ keratinocyte fraction was also able to stimulate allogeneic T‐cell DNA synthesis, but the DR− keratinocyte fraction could not. The possible influences of contaminant Langerhans cells and mononuclear cells in the DR+ keratinocyte fraction were considered to be unlikely. These results suggest that DR+ keratinocytes, which are induced in vivo, can both present the antigen to autologous T cells and stimulate allogeneic T cells.
Cutaneous Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Haruki Tomoe , Takahashi Shozo , Morohashi Masaaki , Maruyama Tomohiro , Ida Mitsuru
Published: April 2015

A case of cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma in a 67‐year‐old man is described. Right side nephrectomy had been performed three years earlier, and a renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Following a bruise, the patient noticed an erythematous nodule on the scalp. Histological examination of this skin lesion showed atypical tumor cells consisting predominantly of clear cells with a honeycomb‐like or adenoid structure. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the tumor cells were divided into three groups: clear cells with abundant glycogen, dark cells with abundant mitochondria, and intermediate cells containing both glycogen and mitochondria in varying proportions. Some of the tumor cells with an adenoid pattern had a brush border‐like structure in the lumen. These results support the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. An electron microscopic approach may aid in diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
Stimulation of Fibronectin Secretion in Cultured Human Keratinocytes by Transforming Growth Factor‐β Not by Other Growth Inhibitory Substances
Authors: Hashiro Makoto , Matsumoto Kunio , Hashimoto Koji , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

We investigated the effects of various growth inhibitory substances on fibronectin secretion in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Fibronectin secretion in keratinocytes was expressed by two methods: immunofluorescent staining of cells with anti‐human fibronectin antibody, and sodium dodecyl‐sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35S]‐labeled proteins secreted by the cells followed by autoradiography. With immunofluorescent staining, the extracellular fibronectin was observed as coarse fibrils only in some cells of the control culture, while cells treated with 20 ng/ml transforming growth factor‐βl (TGF‐β1) showed intense fluorescences in a radiating pattern around most of the cells, indicating that TGF‐β1 markedly increased fibronectin secretion in keratinocytes. Analysis of [35S]‐methionine labeled proteins also revealed that TGF‐β1 increased fibronectin secretion eight fold in culture medium. TGF‐β2 has also induced weak increase of fibronectin secretion 1.8 fold in keratinocytes.

In contrast, other growth inhibitory substances, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cyclosporin A, did not show any significant effects on fibronectin secretion. These results indicated that increase of fibronectin secretion is not associated with growth inhibitory effect, but rather with a specific effect of TGF‐β.
Lowered Cu, Zn‐Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Human Malignant Skin Tumors
Authors: Hamanaka Hiroshi , Miyachi Yoshiki , Tachibana Takao , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

We examined Cu, Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of fifteen malignant skin tumors (four malignant melanomas, three squamous cell carcinomas, four Bowen's diseases, two basal cell epitheliomas, one sebaceous epithelioma, and one extramammary Paget's disease) and compared them with those in adjacent normal tissues of the same patients. Though there were some individual differences, all the SOD activities in tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in adjacent normal tissues of the same subjects. The average SOD activity in tumor tissues was 12.01 ± 2.17 unit/mg protein, while that of normal tissues was 17.62 ± 2.85. These findings agree with previous reports from various other organ tumors.
An Unusual Mechanical Hyperkeratosis of the Soles
Authors: Yoshii Akira , Ono Tomomichi , Kayashima Ken‐ichi , Kitoh Masato
Published: April 2015

A series of 13 patients with hyperkeratosis of both soles of the feet are presented. All patients developed hyperkeratosis after wearing the so‐called “health sandals”, which have multiple projections on their upper surfaces to stimulate the soles while walking. There was no evidence of hereditary or systemic factors producing the hyperkeratosis and it was concluded to be due to chronic mechanical stimulation of the soles.

This side effect of the wearing of “health sandals” (health sandals keratosis) should be noted by dermatologists.