bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usos de lo psicosocial en la investigación y tratamiento de las intersexualidades/DSD
Authors: García Dauder S. , Greogri Flor Nuria , Hurtado García Inmaculada
Published: September 2016

Desde el punto de vista médico, la ‘ambigüedad sexual’ en bebés recién nacidos ha sido catalogada como una urgencia psicosocial, que dispara un protocolo de diagnóstico e intervención —quirúrgica y hormonal— para “fijar” el sexo y “corregir” el cuerpo. Desde perspectivas sociales y críticas, se prefiere hablar de variabilidad sexual, es decir, de cuerpos sexuados que no encajan con las expectativas dualistas de lo que es considerado propio de un cuerpo de hombre o de un cuerpo de mujer, o en los que diferentes componentes del sexo —cromosómico, hormonal, gonadal o anatómico— no son coherentes. En las últimas décadas, ha surgido una fuerte controversia en torno a la intersexualidad y a la necesidad de cambiar no solo la gestión médica, sino también los modelos sociales y la representación de imaginarios dualistas. No obstante, parece existir una amplia brecha entre los contextos y lenguajes de la gestión médica y los propios de las movilizaciones políticas y de derechos humanos. Las reflexiones bioéticas, el papel de los grupos de apoyo y las posibles intervenciones psicosociales pueden abrir vías de actuación y puentes de diálogo y traducción entre estos espacios incomunicados. En ese sentido, este artículo pretende realizar un análisis de los significados, usos y prácticas de lo psicosocial en la investigación y tratamiento de las intersexualidades/DSD, para explorar hasta qué punto se está produciendo el llamado “giro psicosocial”, o si seguimos en un paradigma de gestión predominantemente biomédico.
Salud mental relacionada con el trabajo: desafíos para las políticas públicas
Authors: Hespanhol Bernardo Marcia , De Souza Heloisa Aparecida , Garrido Pinzón Johanna , Kawamura Eduardo Alessandro
Published: September 2016

A pesar de que las estadísticas de diversos países indican un aumento significativo de los casos de trastornos mentales relativos al trabajo, las intervenciones propuestas por gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales comúnmente se limitan a los “factores de riesgo psicosocial”, con foco en la prevención del estrés. Así las cosas, las acciones son poco críticas frente a los escenarios económicos, políticos y sociales. Este artículo presenta una propuesta más amplia para afrontar los problemas de salud mental ocasionados o agravados por la actividad mental desde el abordaje teórico-metodológico de la Salud Mental relacionada con el Trabajo. Se exponen, asimismo, los principios del campo de la Salud del Trabajador, que hace parte de la política de salud pública brasilera y que orienta actualmente la realización de intervenciones.
Sindicalismo y trabajo: la experiencia de los jóvenes bogotanos desde sus repertorios interpretativos
Authors: Lopez Cortes Oscar Andres , Vargas Monroy Liliana , Covelli Reyes Carolina , Pérez Aldana Angélica Maria , Santamaría Martínez Laura Patricia
Published: September 2016

Este artículo examina algunos de los significados otorgados por los jóvenes bogotanos al sindicalismo y al trabajo. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas etnográficas a igual número de jóvenes, provocando la narración de su vida como trabajadores y/o como trabajadores-sindicalizados. Como marco al proceso de indagación, se revisó bibliografía relacionada con los siguientes problemas: la construcción social de la categoría “joven” y su delimitación conceptual; las transformaciones contemporáneas del mundo del trabajo y su relación con las condiciones sociolaborales que enfrentan los jóvenes actualmente, explorando aspectos del surgimiento del movimiento obrero en Colombia y su estado actual en comparación con otros países de la región. Se abordó la pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles son los significados asociados al trabajo y al sindicalismo, construidos por jóvenes trabajadores habitantes de Bogotá?, examinando las entrevistas a partir de la propuesta de análisis de discurso de los psicólogos sociales Jonathan Potter y Margaret Wheterell (1996), basada en la identificación de repertorios interpretativos. Finalmente, se discutieron los resultados encontrados, señalando la tensión emergente entre dos perspectivas narrativas de los jóvenes trabajadores, según tengan o no relación con el movimiento sindical.
Tramoyas, personajes y tramas de la actuación psicológica en la violencia de género en Quito
Authors: Guarderas Albuja Paz
Published: September 2016

Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre la actuación psicológica en la violencia de género mediante un análisis de producciones narrativas, realizadas con profesionales de servicios sociales en Quito. Del análisis de estas narrativas como figuraciones emergieron tramoyas, personajes y tramas. Las tramas de la violencia evidenciaron una visión simplista, dicotómica y universal del problema, mientras que los personajes fueron concebidos como víctimas esenciales, homogéneas y carentes. En uno de los casos, esenciales, homogéneas y carentes, se planteó la noción de sujeción, pero en ninguno se evidenció su agencia. Finalmente, las tramoyas estuvieron compuestas por la victimología clínica y el paradigma de salvación.
Features of a Laminar Separated Boundary Layer Near the Leading-Edge of a Model Airfoil for Different Angles of Attack: An Experimental Study
Authors: Anand K. , Sarkar S.
Published: September 2016

The evolution of a separated boundary layer over a model airfoil with semicircular leading-edge has been illustrated for angles of attack (α) varying from −3 deg to 10 deg, where the Reynolds number (Rec) based on chord is 1.6 × 105 and the inlet freestream turbulence (fst) being 1.2%. The features of boundary layer are described through measurements of velocity and surface pressure besides the flow visualization using a planar particle image velocimetry (PIV). Freestream perturbations are amplified because of enhanced receptivity of the separated boundary layer resulting in pockets of disturbances, which then propagate downstream attributing to random fluctuations near the reattachment. The separation and reattachment locations including the onset and end of transition are identified for changing α. The reattachment point changes from 18.8% to 47.7% of chord with the onset of separation at almost 7%, whereas the onset of transition moves upstream from 13.2% to 9% with increasing α. The bubble bursting occurs at α = 10 deg. The transition in the separated boundary layer occurs through Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability for α = 0 deg and 3 deg, whereas the K–H mechanism is bypassed for higher α with significant viscous effect.
Spontaneous Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Multiscale Fractal Structures Using Hele-Shaw Cell
Authors: ul Islam Tanveer , Gandhi Prasanna S.
Published: September 2016

Several biosystems such as leaf veins, respiratory system, blood circulation, and some plant xylem involving multiscale fractal topologies are being mimic for their inherent natural optimization. Three-dimensional fractal structures spanning multiple scales are difficult to fabricate. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to fabricate structures spanning meso- and microscale in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner. A well-known Saffman–Taylor instability is exploited for the same in a lifted Hele-Shaw cell. In this cell, a thin layer of liquid is squeezed between two plates being lifted angularly leaving behind the fractal rearrangement of fluid which is proposed to be solidified later. We demonstrate and characterize fractal structures fabricated using two different fluids and corresponding methods of solidification. The first one is ceramic suspension in a photopolymer and another is polystyrene solution with photopolymerization and solvent vaporization as methods of solidification, respectively. The fabrication process is completed in period of a few seconds.
Cluster Analysis and Switching Algorithm of Multi-Objective Optimal Control Design
Authors: Qin Zhi-Chang , Sun Jian-Qiao
Published: September 2016

The multi-objective optimal control design usually generates hundreds or thousands of Pareto optimal solutions. How to assist a user to select an appropriate controller to implement is a postprocessing issue. In this paper, we develop a method of cluster analysis of the Pareto optimal designs to discover the similarity of the optimal controllers. After we identify the clusters of optimal controllers, we develop a switching strategy to select controls from different clusters to improve the performance. Numerical and experimental results show that the switching control algorithm is quite promising.
Joining Dissimilar Materials Using Friction Stir Scribe Technique
Authors: Upadhyay Piyush , Hovanski Yuri , Jana Saumyadeep , Fifield Leonard S.
Published: September 2016

Development of a robust and cost-effective method of joining dissimilar materials could provide a critical pathway to enable widespread use of multimaterial designs and components in mainstream industrial applications. The use of multimaterial components such as steel-aluminum and aluminum-polymer would allow design engineers to optimize material utilization based on service requirements and could often lead to weight and cost reductions. However, producing an effective joint between materials with vastly different thermal, microstructural, and deformation responses is highly problematic using conventional joining and/or fastening methods. This is especially challenging in cost sensitive, high volume markets that largely rely on low cost joining solutions. Friction stir scribe (FSS) technology was developed to meet the demands of joining materials with drastically different properties and melting regimes. The process enables joining of light metals like magnesium and aluminum to high temperature materials like steel and titanium. Viable joints between polymer composites and metal can also be made using this method. This paper will present the state of the art, progress made, and challenges associated with this innovative derivative of friction stir welding (FSW) in reference to joining dissimilar metals and polymer/metal combinations.
Heuristic Feature Selection for Shaving Tool Wear Classification
Authors: Wang Yong , Brzezinski Adam J. , Qiao Xianli , Ni Jun
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we develop and apply feature extraction and selection techniques to classify tool wear in the gear shaving process. Because shaving tool condition monitoring is not well-studied, we extract both traditional and novel features from accelerometer signals collected from the shaving machine. We then apply a heuristic feature selection technique to identify key features and classify the tool condition. Run-to-life data from a shop-floor application is used to validate the proposed technique.
Influence of Fe underlayers on stress evolution of Ti in Ti/Fe multilayers
Authors: Wan Li , Thompson Gregory
Published: September 2016

A series of 40–2 nm bilayer spacing Ti/Fe multilayers were sputter-deposited. As the length scale of individual Ti layers equaled to 2 nm, Ti phase transforms from a hexagonal close packed (hcp)-to-body centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures for equal layer thicknesses in Ti/Fe multilayers. Further equal reductions in bilayer spacing to less than 1 nm resulted in an additional transformation from a crystalline to amorphous structure. Atom probe tomography reveals significant intermixing between layers which contributes to the observed phase transformations. Real-time, intrinsic growth stress measurements were also performed to relate the adatom mobility to these phase transformations. For the hcp Ti/bcc Fe multilayers of equivalent volume fractions, the multilayers undergo an overall tensile stress state to a compressive stress state with decreasing bilayer thickness for the multilayers. When the above phase transformations occurred, a modest reduction in the overall compressive stress of the multilayer was noted. Depending on the Fe thickness, the Ti growth was observed to be a tensile to compressive growth change to a purely compressive growth for thinner bilayer spacing. Fe retained a tensile growth stress regardless of the bilayer spacing studied.
Whole‐remnant and maximum‐voxel SPECT/CT dosimetry in 131I‐NaI treatments of differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Mínguez Pablo , Flux Glenn , Genollá José , Delgado Alejandro , Rodeño Emilia , Sjögreen Gleisner Katarina
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To investigate the possible differences between SPECT/CT based whole‐remnant and maximum‐voxel dosimetry in patients receiving radio‐iodine ablation treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods

Eighteen DTC patients were administered 1.11 GBq of 131I‐NaI after near‐total thyroidectomy and rhTSH stimulation. Two patients had two remnants, so in total dosimetry was performed for 20 sites. Three SPECT/CT scans were performed for each patient at 1, 2, and 3–7 days after administration. The activity, the remnant mass, and the maximum‐voxel activity were determined from these images and from a recovery‐coefficient curve derived from experimental phantom measurements. The cumulated activity was estimated using trapezoidal‐exponential integration. Finally, the absorbed dose was calculated using S‐values for unit‐density spheres in whole‐remnant dosimetry and S‐values for voxels in maximum‐voxel dosimetry.

Results

The mean absorbed dose obtained from whole‐remnant dosimetry was 40 Gy (range 2–176 Gy) and from maximum‐voxel dosimetry 34 Gy (range 2–145 Gy). For any given patient, the activity concentrations for each of the three time‐points were approximately the same for the two methods. The effective half‐lives varied (R = 0.865), mainly due to discrepancies in estimation of the longer effective half‐lives. On average, absorbed doses obtained from whole‐remnant dosimetry were 1.2 ± 0.2 (1 SD) higher than for maximum‐voxel dosimetry, mainly due to differences in theS‐values. The method‐related differences were however small in comparison to the wide range of absorbed doses obtained in patients.

Conclusions

Simple and consistent procedures for SPECT/CT based whole‐volume and maximum‐voxel dosimetry have been described, both based on experimentally determined recovery coefficients. Generally the results from the two approaches are consistent, although there is a small, systematic difference in the absorbed dose due to differences in the S‐values, and some variability due to differences in the estimated effective half‐lives, especially when the effective half‐life is long. Irrespective of the method used, the patient absorbed doses obtained span over two orders of magnitude.
Robot‐assistant for MRI‐guided liver ablation: A pilot study
Authors: Franco Enrico , Ristic Mike , Rea Marc , Gedroyc Wladyslaw M. W.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Percutaneous ablation under MRI‐guidance allows treating otherwise inoperable liver tumors locally using a catheter probe. However, manually placing the probe is an error‐prone and time consuming task that requires a considerable amount of training. The aim of this paper was to present a pneumatically actuated robotic instrument that can assist clinicians in MRI‐guided percutaneous intervention of the liver and to assess its functionality in a clinical setting. The robot positions a needle‐guide inside the MRI scanner bore and assists manual needle insertions outside the bore.

Methods

The robot supports double oblique insertions that are particularly challenging for less experienced clinicians. Additionally, the system employs only standard imaging sequences and can therefore be used on different MRI scanners without requiring prior integration. The repeatability and the accuracy of the robot were evaluated with an optical tracking system. The functionality of the robot was assessed in an initial pilot study on two patients that underwent MRI‐guided laser ablation of the liver.

Results

The robot positioned the needle‐guide in a repeatable manner with a mean error of 0.35 mm and a standard deviation of 0.32 mm. The mean position error corresponding to the needle tip, measured for an equivalent needle length of 195 mm over 25 fixed points, was 2.5 mm with a standard deviation of 1.2 mm. The pilot study confirmed that the robot does not interfere with the equipment used for MRI‐guided laser ablation and does not visibly affect the MR images. The robot setup integrated seamlessly within the established clinical workflow. The robot‐assisted procedure was successfully completed on two patients, one of which required a complex double oblique insertion. For both patients, the insertion depth and the tumor size were within the range reported for previous MRI‐guided percutaneous interventions. A third patient initially enrolled in the pilot study and was considerably heavier than the others, preventing the use of the robot and requiring several freehand insertion attempts.

Conclusions

The robot repeatability and accuracy are appropriate for liver tumors normally treated with MRI‐guided ablation. The results of the pilot study endorse the clinical use of the robot in its current form: the robot is fully functional and MRI‐compatible in a clinical setting and is suitable for double‐oblique needle insertions.
Nutritional Supplement Use by Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Does Receiving Dietary Counseling Make a Difference?
Authors: Wardenaar Floris C. , Ceelen Ingrid J.M. , Van Dijk Jan-Willem , Hangelbroek Roland W.J. , Van Roy Lore , Van der Pouw Britte , De Vries Jeanne H.M. , Mensink Marco , Witkamp Renger F.
Published: September 2016

The use of nutritional supplements is highly prevalent among athletes. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of nutritional supplement use by a large group of Dutch competitive athletes in relation to dietary counseling. A total of 778 athletes (407 males and 371 females) completed a web-based questionnaire about the use of nutritional supplements. Log-binomial regression models were applied to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the use of individual nutritional supplements in athletes receiving dietary counseling as compared with athletes not receiving dietary counseling. Of the athletes, 97.2% had used nutritional supplements at some time during their sports career, whereas 84.7% indicated having used supplements during the last 4 weeks. The top ranked supplements used over the last 4 weeks from dietary supplements, sport nutrition products and ergogenic supplements were multivitamin and mineral preparations (42.9%), isotonic sports drinks (44.1%) and caffeine (13.0%). After adjustment for elite status, age, and weekly exercise duration, dietary counseling was associated with a higher prevalence of the use of vitamin D, recovery drinks, energy bars, isotonic drinks with protein, dextrose, beta-alanine, and sodium bicarbonate. In contrast, dietary counseling was inversely associated with the use of combivitamins, calcium, vitamin E, vitamin B2, retinol, energy drinks and BCAA and other amino acids. In conclusion, almost all athletes had used nutritional supplements at some time during their athletic career. Receiving dietary counseling seemed to result in better-informed choices with respect to the use of nutritional supplements related to performance, recovery, and health.
Increases in Circulating Cell-Free DNA During Aerobic Running Depend on Intensity and Duration
Authors: Haller Nils , Tug Suzan , Breitbach Sarah , Jörgensen Arne , Simon Perikles
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Increases in concentrations of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have recently been demonstrated to occur in a variety of exhausting and vigorous exercise settings. Here, the authors assessed the association of cfDNA with exercise duration and intensity in a controlled test–retest setting of a regenerative up-to-moderate-level aerobic run.

Methods:

In a pretest, the lactate threshold (LT) was determined in 13 participants (range 10.8–13.4 km/h) by using a step-wise incremental running test. The speed of the 2 endurance runs was set to 9.6 km/h for 40 min; for the participants with an LT below the median (12.8 km/h; G1), this was a moderate aerobic run, and for those with an LT above the median, this was a regenerative run (G2). Capillary cfDNA, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed before, every 10 min during, and after the runs.

Results:

During the last 30 min of the 2 runs, lactate did not increase, whereas cfDNA increased steadily (3.46-fold for G1 and 2.05-fold for G2). Intraclass correlation for cfDNA was high (r = .81, P < .0001) for all runners but higher for male participants (r = .92, P < .0001). The correlations of cfDNA and lactate with RPEs were r = .58 (P < .0001) and r = .32 (P < .05), respectively.

Conclusions:

Both duration and level of intensity were significantly associated with accumulation of cfDNA. The correlation with RPE and the high test–retest reliability suggest that cfDNA might be applicable as a marker to monitor individual training load for aerobic and intermittent exercises. Future randomized, controlled, longitudinal training studies will have to reveal the full potential of cfDNA as an exercise-physiology marker.
Muscle Activation in World-Champion, World-Class, and National Breaststroke Swimmers
Authors: Olstad Bjørn Harald , Zinner Christoph , Vaz João Rocha , Cabri Jan M.H. , Kjendlie Per-Ludvik
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To investigate the muscle-activation patterns and coactivation with the support of kinematics in some of the world’s best breaststrokers and identify performance discriminants related to national elites at maximal effort.

Methods:

Surface electromyography was collected in 8 muscles from 4 world-class (including 2 world champions) and 4 national elite breaststroke swimmers during a 25-m breaststroke at maximal effort.

Results:

World-class spent less time during the leg recovery (P = .043), began this phase with a smaller knee angle (154.6° vs 161.8°), and had a higher median velocity of 0.18 m/s during the leg glide than national elites. Compared with national elites, world-class swimmers showed a difference in the muscle-activation patterns for all 8 muscles. In the leg-propulsion phase, there was less triceps brachii activation (1 swimmer 6% vs median 23.0% [8.8]). In the leg-glide phase, there was activation in rectus femoris and gastrocnemius during the beginning of this phase (all world-class vs only 1 national elite) and a longer activation in pectoralis major (world champions 71% [0.5] vs 50.0 [4.3]) (propulsive phase of the arms). In the leg-recovery phase, there was more activation in biceps femoris (50.0% [15.0] vs 20.0% [14.0]) and a later and quicker activation in tibialis anterior (40.0% [7.8] vs 52.0% [6.0]). In the stroke cycle, there was no coactivation in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius for world champions.

Conclusion:

These components are important performance discriminants. They can be used to improve muscle-activation patterns and kinematics through the different breaststroke phases. Furthermore, they can be used as focus points for teaching breaststroke to beginners.
Exploring the Potential of Cell-Free-DNA Measurements After an Exhaustive Cycle-Ergometer Test as a Marker for Performance-Related Parameters
Authors: Tug Suzan , Mehdorn Matthias , Helmig Susanne , Breitbach Sarah , Ehlert Tobias , Simon Perikles
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Intensive exercise is known to be accompanied by a rapid release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The physiological significance of cfDNA release for performance diagnostics has not been studied. The authors analyzed the release of cfDNA during bicycle exercise and its correlation with physiological parameters.

Methods:

Eleven male athletes performed an incremental cycling test. Venous blood was collected before and immediately after exercise and after 90 min of recovery. Since the amount of cfDNA is influenced by preanalytical parameters like DNA extraction and quantification method, the authors applied different measurement approaches based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. They compared a direct measurement procedure not requiring cfDNA extraction for a short (L1PA290) and a long fragment (L1PA2222) and a procedure for extracted cfDNA for a short (LTR570) and long fragment (LTR5323) with primers targeting the repetitive sequences L1PA2 and LTR5 in both assays, respectively.

Results:

With the exception of LTR5323, the procedures revealed significant increases of cfDNA postexercise, whereas the direct approach showed lower interindividual variance in cfDNA values. When linking cfDNA levels to parameters of exercise performance the authors observed that, especially, the measurement based on L1PA2222 correlated significantly with exercise markers. These correlations were similar to the relationship of the performance markers among themselves.

Conclusions:

cfDNA is a possible physiological marker to assess and predict exercise performance in athletes. In addition, the results indicate that using cfDNA as a marker in exercise physiology requires careful selection of a suitable measurement technique, whether it is eluted DNA or directly quantified.
Evaluation of the Match External Load in Soccer: Methods Comparison
Authors: Castagna Carlo , Varley Matthew , Póvoas Susana C.A. , D’Ottavio Stefano
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To test the interchangeability of 2 match-analysis approaches for external-load detection considering arbitrary selected speeds and metabolic power (MP) thresholds in male top-level soccer.

Methods:

Data analyses were performed considering match physical performance of 60 matches (1200 player cases) of randomly selected Spanish, German, and English first-division championship matches (2013–14 season). Match analysis was performed with a validated semiautomated multicamera system operating at 25 Hz.

Results:

During a match, players covered 10,673 ± 348 m, of which 1778 ± 208 m and 2759 ± 241 m were performed at high intensity, as measured using speed (≥16 km/h, HI) and metabolic power (≥20 W/kg, MPHI) notations. High-intensity notations were nearly perfectly associated (r = .93, P < .0001). A huge method bias (980.63 ± 87.82 m, d = 11.67) was found when considering MPHI and HI. Very large correlations were found between match total distance covered and MPHI (r = .84, P < .0001) and HI (r = .74, P < .0001). Player high-intensity decelerations (≥–2 m/s2) were very largely associated with MPHI (r = .73, P < .0001).

Conclusions:

The speed and MP methods are highly interchangeable at relative level (magnitude rank) but not absolute level (measure magnitude). The 2 physical match-analysis methods can be independently used to track match external load in elite-level players. However, match-analyst decisions must be based on use of a single method to avoid bias in external-load determination.
Automatic Detection of Pitching and Throwing Events in Baseball With Inertial Measurement Sensors
Authors: Murray Nick B. , Black Georgia M. , Whiteley Rod J. , Gahan Peter , Cole Michael H. , Utting Andy , Gabbett Tim J.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Throwing loads are known to be closely related to injury risk. However, for logistic reasons, typically only pitchers have their throws counted, and then only during innings. Accordingly, all other throws made are not counted, so estimates of throws made by players may be inaccurately recorded and underreported. A potential solution to this is the use of wearable microtechnology to automatically detect, quantify, and report pitch counts in baseball. This study investigated the accuracy of detection of baseball pitching and throwing in both practice and competition using a commercially available wearable microtechnology unit.

Methods:

Seventeen elite youth baseball players (mean ± SD age 16.5 ± 0.8 y, height 184.1 ± 5.5 cm, mass 78.3 ± 7.7 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed pitching, fielding, and throwing during practice and competition while wearing a microtechnology unit. Sensitivity and specificity of a pitching and throwing algorithm were determined by comparing automatic measures (ie, microtechnology unit) with direct measures (ie, manually recorded pitching counts).

Results:

The pitching and throwing algorithm was sensitive during both practice (100%) and competition (100%). Specificity was poorer during both practice (79.8%) and competition (74.4%).

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that the microtechnology unit is sensitive to detect pitching and throwing events, but further development of the pitching algorithm is required to accurately and consistently quantify throwing loads using microtechnology.
Standardizing Methodology for Research with Uneven Terrains Focused on Dynamic Balance During Gait
Authors: Coleman Timothy D. , Lawrence Haley J. , Childers W. Lee
Published: September 2016

This research tested a reproducible uneven walkway designed to destabilize human gait. Ten participants walked 30 times over even and uneven (7.3 × .08 m, sequentially-placed wooden blocks in a rotating pattern, 1-cm thick rubber mat) walkways. A full-body marker set and 8-camera motion capture system recorded limb kinematics. MatLab 2013b was used to calculate measures of gait stability: angular momentum, margin of stability, step width variability, CoM height, toe clearance, lateral arm swing. The minimum number of strides necessary to minimize intraparticipant variability was calculated via the interquartile range/median ratio (IMR) at 25% and 10% thresholds for each measure. A paired t test tested for significance between terrains (P < .05). The uneven walkway significantly destabilized gait as seen by increases in: coronal and sagittal plane angular momentum, step width variability, and toe clearance. We found no significant difference with the margin of stability between the 2 terrains possibly due to compensatory strategies (eg, lateral arm swing, trunk sway, step width). Recording a minimum of 10 strides per subject will keep each variable between the 25% and 10% IMR thresholds. In conclusion, the uneven walkway design significantly destabilizes human gait and at least 10 strides should be collected per subject.
Kicking Performance and Muscular Strength Parameters with Dominant and Nondominant Lower Limbs in Brazilian Elite Professional Futsal Players
Authors: Vieira Luiz Henrique Palucci , de Souza Serenza Felipe , de Andrade Vitor Luiz , de Paula Oliveira Lucas , Mariano Fábio Pamplona , Santana Juliana Exel , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira
Published: September 2016

The aims of the current study were to analyze a kick from 10 m in a futsal context and the parameters of muscular strength using an isokinetic dynamometer in a laboratory environment, performed with the dominant (DL) and nondominant lower limbs (NDL). Seventeen professional elite players participated. Kicking performance was evaluated from the second penalty mark. Next, athletes completed a strength evaluation with an isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 60°⋅s–1, 180°⋅s–1, and 300°⋅s–1. Significant differences were observed for hip (15.64 ± 3.44; 13.97 ± 2.62), ankle (63.19 ± 8.90; 52.55 ± 8.72), foot (82.31 ± 7.93; 68.41 ± 7.85), and ball (99.74 ± 8.45; 88.31 ± 7.93) speeds (km⋅h–1), and average power at 180°⋅s–1 (325.59 ± 40.47; 315.79 ± 39.49 W), but not for accuracy (1.33 ± 0.57; 1.66 ± 0.77 m) between the DL and NDL, respectively. Few moderate correlations were observed in the DL (r = .54–.64) or NDL (r = .53–.55) between the kinematic variables of kick and muscular strength parameters (P < .05). We conclude that highly trained players present asymmetries in kicking motion; however, the imbalance in muscular strength is very small. We recommend that specific court tests be conducted to reliably characterize kicking performance in futsal. Success in kicking seems to be too variable and complex to be totally predicted only by joints, foot and ball speed, and lower limb muscular strength parameters.
Identification and Prediction of the Walking Cadence Required to Reach Moderate Intensity Using Individually-Determined Relative Moderate Intensity in Older Adults
Authors: Serrano Fagner , Slaght Jana , Sénéchal Martin , Duhamel Todd , Bouchard Danielle R.
Published: September 2016

Many international agencies recommend using 40% of VO2reserve to individually prescribe moderate aerobic intensity to achieve health benefits. Few studies have evaluated the walking cadence needed to reach that intensity for older adults. A total of 121 apparently healthy adults with an average age of 69 and an average VO2peak of 24.1 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min (women) and 28.9 ± 9.1 ml/kg/min (men) were studied. Walking cadence at moderate intensity was established when participants reached 40% of VO2reserve on an indoor flat surface using a portable metabolic cart. Other clinical variables potentially associated with walking cadence were collected to create a clinical algorithm. Mean walking cadence to reach moderate intensity was 115 ± 10 steps per minute. The best algorithm to predict the walking cadence needed to reach moderate intensity in this sample was 113.6–0.23 (body weight in kg) + 0.21 (self-selected walking cadence in steps per minute).
Motivating Mature Adults to be Physically Active
Authors: Etnier Jennifer L. , Karper William B. , Park Se-Yun , Shih Chia-Hao , Piepmeier Aaron T. , Wideman Laurie
Published: September 2016

As a population, middle-aged and older adults are not meeting national guidelines for exercise. The purpose of this study was to describe factors associated with exercise adherence in an 8-month program offered as part of a research study testing the effects of exercise on cognitive performance for persons with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). After completion of the program, participants provided open-ended responses indicating their reasons for adhering to the exercise program, and they completed the Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised. Results indicated that adherence was tied to an interest in contributing to our understanding of AD, the opportunity to join an exercise program, perceived exercise benefits, and social support. In addition, participants reported high levels of extrinsic (fitness-related) and intrinsic (interest/enjoyment) motivation. Other possible motivating factors which emerged from day-to-day observations in the program were identified. Findings suggest directions for exercise professionals with respect to exercise adherence.
Characterization of Activity and Cardiovascular Responses During Surfing in Recreational Male Surfers Between the Ages of 18 and 75 Years Old
Authors: LaLanne Christine L. , Cannady Michael S. , Moon Joseph F. , Taylor Danica L. , Nessler Jeff A. , Crocker George H. , Newcomer Sean C.
Published: September 2016

Participation in surfing has evolved to include all age groups. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether activity levels and cardiovascular responses to surfing change with age. Surfing time and heart rate (HR) were measured for the total surfing session and within each activity of surfing (paddling, sitting, wave riding, and miscellaneous). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was also measured during laboratory-based simulated surfboard paddling on a modified swim bench ergometer. VO2peak decreased with age during simulated paddling (r = –.455, p < .001, n = 68). Total time surfing (p = .837) and time spent within each activity of surfing did not differ with age (n = 160). Mean HR during surfing significantly decreased with age (r = –.231, p = .004). However, surfing HR expressed as a percent of age-predicted maximum increased significantly with age. Therefore, recreational surfers across the age spectrum are achieving intensities and durations that are consistent with guidelines for cardiovascular health.
How Does Definition of Minimum Break Length Affect Objective Measures of Sitting Outcomes Among Office Workers?
Authors: Kloster Stine , Danquah Ida Høgstedt , Holtermann Andreas , Aadahl Mette , Tolstrup Janne Schurmann
Published: September 2016

Background:

Harmful health effects associated with sedentary behavior may be attenuated by breaking up long periods of sitting by standing or walking. However, studies assess interruptions in sitting time differently, making comparisons between studies difficult. It has not previously been described how the definition of minimum break duration affects sitting outcomes. Therefore, the aim was to address how definitions of break length affect total sitting time, number of sit-to-stand transitions, prolonged sitting periods and time accumulated in prolonged sitting periods among office workers.

Methods:

Data were collected from 317 office workers. Thigh position was assessed with an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the right thigh. Data were exported with varying bout length of breaks. Afterward, sitting outcomes were calculated for the respective break lengths.

Results:

Absolute numbers of sit-to-stand transitions decreased, and number of prolonged sitting periods and total time accumulated in prolonged sitting periods increased, with increasing minimum break length. Total sitting time was not influenced by varying break length.

Conclusions:

The definition of minimum break length influenced the sitting outcomes with the exception of total sitting time. A standard definition of break length is needed for comparison and interpretation of studies in the evolving research field of sedentary behavior.
Changes in Men’s Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Knowledge and Behavior as a Result of Program Exposure: Findings From the Workplace POWERPLAY Program
Authors: Caperchione Cristina M. , Stolp Sean , Bottorff Joan L. , Oliffe John L. , Johnson Steven T. , Seaton Cherisse , Sharp Paul , Jones-Bricker Margaret , Lamont Sonia , Errey Sally , Healy Theresa , Medhurst Kerensa , Christian Holly , Klitch Megan
Published: September 2016

Background:

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in physical activity and healthy eating knowledge and behaviors associated with the level of exposure to POWERPLAY, a men-centered workplace health promotion program.

Methods:

This study is based on a quasi-experimental prepost design. Using a computer assisted telephone interview survey, data regarding program exposure and physical activity and health eating knowledge and behaviors were collected from men (N = 103) in 4 workplaces.

Results:

Exposure scores were calculated and participants were categorized as having low (n = 54) or high exposure (n = 49) to POWERPLAY. Compared with the low exposure group, those reporting high exposure scored significantly higher on physical activity knowledge (F (1, 99) =14.17, P < .001, eta2 = .125) and health eating knowledge (F (1, 99) =14.37, P = .001, eta2 = .111). The high exposure group also reported significantly more minutes walked place to place (F (2, 206) = 3.91, P = .022, eta2 = .037) and on minutes walked for leisure (F (2, 230) = 3.08, P = .048, eta2 = .026).

Conclusions:

POWERPLAY shows significant promise as a workplace health promotion approach and may have an even greater impact when program exposure is augmented with environmental and policy changes.
Does Parents’ Social Cohesion Influence Their Perception of Neighborhood Safety and Their Children’s Active Commuting to and From School?
Authors: Salahuddin Meliha , Nehme Eileen , Ranjit Nalini , Kim Young-Jae , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Dowdy Diane , Lee Chanam , Ory Marcia , Hoelscher Deanna M.
Published: September 2016

Background:

The role of parents’ perceptions of the neighborhood environment in determining children’s active commuting to and from school (ACS) is understudied. This study examined the association between parents’ perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, perceived neighborhood safety, and their children’s ACS.

Methods:

This cross-sectional analysis (n = 857 from 81 elementary schools in Texas) examined baseline data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Prevention Policy Evaluation project. Participants had a mean age of 9.6 (0.6) years, and 50% were girls. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to assess gender-stratified associations between parent’s perceived social cohesion and children’s ACS and their perception of neighborhood safety.

Results:

A positive significant association was observed between levels of perceived social cohesion and children’s ACS for boys (P = 0.047); however, an inverse significant association was observed among girls (P = 0.033). Parents of boys living in neighborhoods with medium to high social cohesion were more likely to perceive their neighborhood as safe compared with parents living in neighborhoods with low social cohesion, though nonsignificant. Perceived neighborhood safety for walking and biking was associated with greater ACS among boys (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Our study findings indicate that both social and physical environments are important factors in determining ACS among boys.
Relationship of Knee Motions With Static Leg Alignments and Hip Motions in Frontal and Transverse Planes During Double-Leg Landing in Healthy Athletes
Authors: Uota Shogo , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Aminaka Naoko , Shimokochi Yohei
Published: September 2016

Context:

Excessive knee valgus and tibial external rotation relative to the femur during weight bearing motions, such as jump-landing, reportedly increases the risk of developing chronic knee pain, such as patellofemoral pain. Excessive deviations from normal ranges of several static lower extremity alignment measures and dynamic hip motions may also increase the risks for patellofemoral pain.

Objective:

To determine the relationship between lower extremity alignments and hip motions to frontal and transverse plane knee motions during double-leg landings.

Design:

Correlational study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

69 healthy, competitive athletes (27 men, 42 women; height, 166.5 ± 9.5 cm; weight, 61.3 ± 9.9 kg; age, 20.7 ± 1.0 y) participated in this study.

Interventions:

Prone and supine hip version, quadriceps angle, and tibiofemoral angle were measured. Frontal and transverse knee and hip angles at peak knee extensor moment during landing were calculated.

Main Outcome Measures:

2 separate stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict frontal and transverse plane knee motions using 4 static lower extremity alignment measures and hip motions.

Results:

Greater hip adduction and prone hip anteversion, and lesser hip internal rotation and supine hip anteversion, were related to greater knee valgus motions (R2 = .475, P < .01). Greater hip adduction was related to greater knee external rotation (R2 = .205, P < .01).

Conclusions:

Some targeted static lower extremity alignments and hip motions are associated with frontal and transverse knee motions. However, stronger relationships of hip motions with knee motions than static lower extremity alignments provided evidence that improving hip movements may help improve patellofemoral pain in those with lower extremity malalignments.
Not So Black and White: A Multi-Divisional Exploratory Analysis of Male Student-Athletes’ Experiences at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Institutions
Authors: Cooper Joseph N. , Davis Tiffany J. , Dougherty Shaun
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and quality of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) male student-athletes’ college experiences across race, sport, and divisional classifications. In recent years, the NCAA and its member institutions have faced intense scrutiny regarding the purpose of intercollegiate athletics within their educational missions. Additional concerns have been levied at the NCAA for persistent academic performance gaps along gender and racial lines across all divisions. However, limited research has engaged in multidivisional analyses of male student-athletes across racial groups and sport types. Using data from the 2006 NCAA GOALS study viewed through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the current study examined differences in male student-athletes’ experiences across racial groups, type of sport involvement, and divisional classifications. Key findings indicated salient differences between the social experiences across divisional and sport type classifications as well as significant differences between the academic experiences of Black and non-Black male student-athletes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Le but de cette étude était d’examiner la nature et la qualité des expériences scolaires des étudiants-athlètes masculins de la National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) en fonction de la race, du sport et la division de pratique. Récemment, la NCAA et ses institutions membres ont dû faire face à un examen minutieux concernant l’adéquation du sport interuniversitaire avec leurs missions éducatives. Des inquiétudes additionnelles ont été exprimées par la NCAA par rapport à la persistance des écarts en termes de réussite académique en fonction du sexe et de la race dans l’ensemble des divisions. Cependant, rares sont les travaux ayant proposé des analyses multidivisionnelles sur les étudiants-athlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux et des types de sports. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’étude NCAA GOALS de 2006, et au prisme de la théorie des systèmes écologiques de Bronfenbrenner, la présente étude a examiné les différences entre les expériences des étudiantsathlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux, du type d’investissement sportif et de la division de pratique. Les principaux résultats montrent des différences saillantes entre les expériences sociales en fonction du type de sport et du niveau de pratique mais aussi des différences significatives entre les expériences académiques des étudiants noirs et non-noirs. Les implications politiques et pratiques sont discutées.
AML suppresses hematopoiesis by releasing exosomes that contain microRNAs targeting c-MYB
Authors: Hornick Noah I. , Doron Ben , Abdelhamed Sherif , Huan Jianya , Harrington Christina A. , Shen Rongkun , Cambronne Xiaolu A. , Chakkaramakkil Verghese Santhosh , Kurre Peter
Published: September 2016

Exosomes shed from acute myeloid leukemia cells suppress the expression of a hematopoietic transcription factor in the bone marrow.
Paper of note in
Science Translational Medicine
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: September 2016

This week’s article describes how the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib may combat resistance to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Longer life through cysteine sulfenylation
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: September 2016

Cysteine sulfenylation of the kinase and RNase IRE-1 induced by reactive oxygen species prolongs life span of worms.
Good for allergies, bad for lung metastasis
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: September 2016

A family of oxygen sensors prevents T cells in the lungs from reacting to innocuous foreign antigens and infiltrating cancer cells.