bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L.S. Vygotsky’s Critique: Between Aesthetics, Publitsistika and Psychology
Authors: Marques P.N.
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses L.S. Vygotsky’s early activity as a critic through an analysis of texts in which the author himself reflects on the task of the critic. Fragments from the essay on Hamlet, Psychology of art and theatrical reviews of the Gomel period (1922—23) are analyzed to provide an overview of how his understanding of the role of the critic has evolved and changed in time. By moving from the reader’s critique to the objective analytic method, Vygotsky has placed the critic in a position of social and educational engagement, a public figure committed to raise the level of the arts and the audience’s capacity optimize the aesthetic experience. His stance to the critical work is also analyzed within the context of Russian critical traditions, particularly some ideas of Boris Eikhenbaum and the Formal School of literary studies. Finally, the critical activity is seen alongside an extensive list of attributes that has been linked to Vygotsky (scientist, methodologist, philosopher etc.) as an equally important and complementary facet of a person fully committed to social transformation.
Functions of Complaints on Sleep Disturbances and Sleepiness in Interpersonal Communication: Cultural-Historical Approach in Psychosomatics
Authors: Rasskazova E.I.
Published: December 2019

From the perspective of cultural-historical approach to psychosomatics, psychogenic symptoms may increase or become chronic by acquiring meaning and functions in interpersonal communication (for example, receiving support, justification, etc.). The paper explores the functions of two common complaints — of sleep disturbances and sleepiness — and their correlation with the expressiveness of these complaints in typically developing individuals. It was assumed that both the complaints and their expression would be related to personal beliefs about the functions of these symptoms in communication. 113 adults without sleeping disorders evaluated their somatic complaints (including complaints of sleep disturbances and sleepiness) as well as the functions with which people can use these complaints in communication; described their beliefs about these symptoms and their causes; filled in the screening for somatoform symptoms, the questionnaire for cognitive representations of body and health, the scales of the locus of control, causality and self-efficacy related to illness and treatment. Following the statistical control of common factors of hypochondrization, sleep disturbances were predicted by the possibility of using them to obtain instrumental support, while expressing these complaints was predicted by the possibility of using them to obtain emotional support.
Structure and Contents of the Value and Meaning System of Mentally Ill Patients with the Religious Outlook
Authors: Borisova O.A. , Gusev V.V. , Dvoinin A.M. , Kopeyko G.I.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the study described in the article is to elicit value and meaning elements and to describe their structure in mentally ill patients with the religious outlook. The assumptions that the value and meaning system (VMS) of believing patients and non-believing ones differ are put forward. Four groups of subjects participate in the study: “Orthodox patients” (N = 24, 9 men and 14 women, age m = 26.7 ± 6); “Unbelieving patients” (N = 12 people, 3 men and 9 women, age m = 28.9 ± 7.6); “Healthy Orthodox believers” (N = 15 people, 4 men and 11 women, age m = 30.2 ± 6.4); “Healthy unbelievers” (N = 14 people, 5 men and 9 women, age m = 29.7 ± 5.1). G. Kelly’s methodology of personal constructs is applied in the study to assess the VMS: the triad method, Hinkle’s Laddering technique, and the repertory grid technique. The results show that the VMS of mentally ill patients with the religious outlook is characterized (in the structural aspect) by a greater mutual connection of value and meaning elements than in patients who do not believe. In comparison with believing patients, the unbelieving ones display significant disintegration and reduction of multiplicity of interrelationships between various value and meaning elements. The stability of the structure and key elements in the contents of the VMS in believing patients are probably explained by their special religious attitude to the disease as well as by the possibility, despite the disease, to actualize the meaning of life though the reaching for God.
The Biographical Concept as a Psychological Means of Life Reflection
Authors: Klementyeva M.V.
Published: December 2019

The article focuses on biographical concepts as linguistic signs expressing an individual’s generalized knowledge of the meaning of life in an autobiographical narrative. In the mainstream of cultural-historical psychology, the biographical concepts are considered as psychological tools for reflecting on the meaning of life. We hypothesized that the level of generalization of the biographical concepts correlates with the level of awareness and personality reflection in adulthood. The sample of our study consisted of 110 people aged 17—57 years. The study measured the following four factors: generalization of the biographical concept in the autobiographical narrative; biographical reflection; meaningfulness of life; type of reflection. We found that the level of generalization of the biographical concepts in adulthood undergoes a transition from the unstructured set of attributes of the concept’s meaning (the syncret), through the isolation of formal attributes associated with the concept (the complex), to the abstract and generalized meaning of the concept (the notion). Also, higher levels of generalization of the biographical concepts in midlife as compared to early adulthood are associated with the individuals’ increasing awareness of life and reflection skills.
Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs and Typically Developing Children in Joint Problem-Solving (With Tasks on Understanding Multiplicative Relations as an Example)
Authors: Konokotin A.V.
Published: December 2019

This article presents results of an experimental study on inclusion of children with special educational needs (SEN) and normally developing children in the process of joint solving of learning tasks depending on the type of interaction and relationships between children and between children and adult. The hypothesis was that the inclusion and development of higher mental functions in children with SEN can occur in specially organized learning interactions with other children and the adult that contribute to the emergence and development of child-adult communities. It is shown that the interactions between participants, the processes of communication and mutual understanding that develop under these conditions mediate the transition from the orientation on the objective characteristics of the problem to the analysis of the very ways of joint problem-solving. The relationship of the processes revealed in our study (means of interaction, communication and mutual understanding) characterise 4 types of child-adult communities and also serves as an integral indicator of the children’s inclusion in joint problem-solving. The results of the study are important for understanding the processes that affect the inclusion of children with SEN in learning situations, as well as for understanding the sources and mechanisms of mental development in social interactions. It is shown that the evolving interactions and relationships between the children and adults promote the development of higher mental functions in the participants of these interactions.
Education Development Strategy for Children with Disabilities: On the Way to Implementing a Cultural-Historical Approach
Authors: Karabanova O.A. , Malofeev N.N.
Published: December 2019

The relevance of developing a strategy for the development of education for children with disabilities and limited health is due to the need to create a developmental educational environment that meets the educational needs of this category of children in the context of modernization of general education and the implementation of inclusive/integrated education. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key provisions of the strategy, its scientific novelty and practical significance for the modernization of the education of children with disabilities. From the point of view of the cultural-historical approach (L.S. Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, D.B. Elkonin), the priority of early assistance to children at risk is substantiated in order to create conditions for ensuring the normative age development of children with developmental risk factors. The desired educational outcomes are presented as specific age-related psychological neoformations/higher mental functions for early, preschool, primary, secondary and high school age. The paper highlights the necessity of creating a new psychological and pedagogical typology that implements the principle of variety of developmental options for the same impairment while maintaining the nosological criterion. For early, preschool and primary school age, a psychological and pedagogical typology is proposed based on the characteristics of child development, risk factors, developmental disabilities and their genesis. Based on theoretical and empirical studies and psychological practices, it is proved that the target group of early assistance in education is a family raising a child with disabilities, with special educational needs. Monitoring the developmental interaction between the family and the child with disability is an important component of the psychological support as this interaction is essential to the correction and prevention of developmental disorders. Differentiating between the academic achievements and life competencies as the planned educational outcomes of programmes for children with disabilities would create the foundation for positive socialisation and social integration of the disabled children.
Digital Media as a New Means of Mediation (Part Two)
Authors: Rubtsova O.V.
Published: December 2019

The article continues the cycle “Digital media as a new means of mediation”. The first article of the cycle is devoted to discussing theoretical and methodological perspectives of perceiving digital media as a specific means of mediation, combining components both of a sign and of a tool. The second article highlights how some traditional types of activity are transformed in digital contexts. Particularly, peculiarities of reading hypertexts (hypermedia structures) are discussed in comparison with printed texts. A brief analysis of play activity, mediated by digital media, is presented. Characteristic traits of cyber-communication are discussed. It is argued that transformation of the existing social practices influences the social situation of development at different stages of human development and determines the contemporary socio-cultural background of the development of higher mental functions and processes. The article indicates opportunities for further research on the impact that digital media have on the development of thinking, attention and memory in users of different age groups.
Scientometric Analysis of Scientific Publications in Cultural-Historical Psychology Research Area
Authors: Rubtsov V.V. , Margolis A.A. , Shvedovskaya A.A. , Ponomareva V.V.
Published: December 2019

One of the significant indicators for assessing the severity of the international transfer of scientific knowledge in the field of cultural-historical psychology and the activity approach is the nature of quoting key concepts and the main representatives of the approach in foreign sources. The article provides a bibliometric analysis of publications in Russian and English in order to identify the representation of key concepts of cultural-historical psychology in Russian and international publications in scientific journals for the period 2009—2019. A bibliometric analysis of publications (scientific articles) was carried out on the basis of the Russian Scientific Index citations (RSCI), Web of Science and Google Academy. A sample of 5669 publications. A list of key concepts and names of the main representatives of the cultural-historical approach in the amount of 27 words for bibliometric analysis is determined. The list of keywords is based on an expert assessment of leading Russian experts in the field of cultural-historical psychology. The number of experts was 50 people. Indicators of the h-Index (RSCI) of experts are from 8 to 32. A positive trend is revealed in increasing the growth rate of the number of publications containing key concepts of cultural-historical psychology in both Russian and English. The importance of individual thematic areas of research within the framework of one scientific field — cultural-historical psychology is shown.
Hz. Peygamber Dönemi Mehir Miktarları ve Günümüzdeki Karşılıkları
Authors: ALGÜL Ayşe Betül , HABERGETİREN Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2019

Mehir, evlilikle birlikte kadının kocasından almaya hak kazandığı mal veya maddi değeri olan  menfaattir. Çok
sayıda ayet ve hadiste çeşitli açılardan ele alınması, bu meseleye özel önem
atfedildiğine işaret sayılabilir. Dolayısıyla mehrin üzerinde çalışılması
gereken bir konu olduğu söylenebilir. Bu araştırmada Hz. Peygamber ve sahabe
dönemi esas alınarak mehrin miktarı konusu incelenmiştir. Rivayetler taranmak
suretiyle o dönemde mehir olarak verilenler ve miktarları tespit edilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Ulaşılan verilerden hareketle, Hz. Peygamber’in eşlerine verdiği
ve kızları için istediği mehrin birbirine yakın olduğu söylenebilir. Her bir
eşine aynı miktarı vermese de genel bir ortalamadan söz etmek mümkündür.
Sahabeye dair rivayetlerde ise böyle bir standarttan bahsetmek çok zordur. Zira
bir çift ayakkabıdan, bugün milyonlarla ifade edilebilecek rakamlara ulaşan
farklılıklar söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, Hz. Peygamber ve sahabenin ödediği
mehir miktarları o dönemin birimleriyle tespit edilip nakledildikten sonra,
okuyucu nazarında daha anlamlı olması adına altın ve koyun fiyatları baz
alınarak günümüz rakamlarına çevrilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Estudio omnicanal de las empresas minoristas del sector cosmético en España
Authors: López Hernández Ana María , López Manuela
Published: December 2019

El deseo del consumidor actual de poder interactuar en todo momento con las empresas en todos los canales en los que estas tienen presencia, lo convierten en un consumidor omnicanal. Este comportamiento supone un desafío para las empresas, el cual deben afrontar ofreciendo una estrategia de distribución que responda de forma satisfactoria a las exigencias de sus consumidores. Por lo tanto, hablar de omnicanal es hablar, más que de empresas, de consumidores. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal estudiar el grado de omnicanalidad de los canales de las empresas minoristas del sector cosmético más importantes de España. Para ello se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido con una muestra de las once principales empresas del sector de perfumería-cosmética en España. Del estudio se extrae que este sector avanza con paso decidido hacia una estrategia omnicanal, aunque por el momento se halla en una fase de transición y adaptación. Se divisa un mayor índice de integración entre los canales del canal online y se percibe un nivel muy bajo de omnicanalidad entre la tienda física y el canal online.
Sistemas de información de marketing en la planificación estratégica de la era digital
Authors: Canossa Montes de Oca Héctor
Published: December 2019

El marketing efectivo requiere de procesos de información continuos. Las acciones estratégicas y las investigaciones aisladas no son suficientes, lo que necesitan las empresas son sistemas integrales de información cuyos procesos abarquen desde la recopilación de datos hasta la planificación y control empresarial. Este estudio utiliza una metodología de revisión literaria para describir cómo los métodos de marketing y la planificación estratégica se han visto afectados por los sistemas de información de marketing (SIM), los avances tecnológicos y los cambios en los medios de comunicación. Los resultados explican la evolución y las aplicaciones de SIM en relación con las estrategias y desarrollos de marketing en la era digital. El estudio concluye que las empresas deben adaptarse a las tendencias y demandas dentro de su sector, y a las necesidades y expectativas de sus clientes. El potencial de los medios digitales debe de explotarse de manera más efectiva y debe desarrollarse un sistema flexible de información continua para facilitar la toma de decisiones que permitan el desarrollo empresarial.
La vida nocturna en el barrio Las Peñas: entre lo tradicional y lo global
Authors: Toral Reyes Santiago , Ampuero Cabrera Ana Belén
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es investigar los hábitos de consumo cultural de los visitantes del emblemático barrio de Las Peñas en Guayaquil, a través de los datos recabados en una selección de locales de entretenimiento. Entre abril y agosto de 2018, se realizaron 140 entrevistas para obtener información sobre los hábitos y las percepciones de los visitantes sobre la escena cultural en Las Peñas. Los resultados muestran que los visitantes más jóvenes prefieren lugares como La Paleta o Diva Nicotina, debido al tipo de clientela que atraen con sus menús gourmet y música alternativa. Los informantes de mayor edad tenían más probabilidades de elegir Artur’s Café, percibido como un lugar para congregarse y escuchar “música del recuerdo”. A pesar de las diferencias en los hábitos de consumo, los entrevistados coincidieron en que la principal motivación para visitar Las Peñas es la variedad de actividades culturales disponibles, así como el sentido de la historia en el vecindario.
Social Capital: its role in marketing praxis through 17 ideas
Authors: Pollán Matías Membiela
Published: December 2019

This exploratory and descriptive article aims to link the theory of Social Capital and Marketing. With this purpose it starts from a criticism of the traditional approach of economic science (neoclassical paradigm), which led years ago towards a self-contained and very transactional marketing approach. Next, through 17 ideas, it is presented the real —or potential— and enriching contribution of social capital (norms and values, trust, social networks) to the theory and practice of strategic marketing and tactical marketing.
Joint image reconstruction and segmentation: Comparison of two algorithms for few-view tomography
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin Institute of Applied Physics, Vlasov V.V. , Konovalov A.B. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin Institute of Applied Physics, Kolchugin S.V. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin Institute of Applied Physics
Published: December 2019

Two algorithms of few-view tomography are compared, specifically, the iterative Potts minimization algorithm (IPMA) and the algebraic reconstruction technique with TV-regularization and adaptive segmentation (ART-TVS). Both aim to reconstruct piecewise-constant structures, use the compressed sensing theory, and combine image reconstruction and segmentation procedures. Using a numerical experiment, it is shown that either algorithm can exactly reconstruct the Shepp-Logan phantom from as small as 7 views with noise characteristic of the medical applications of X-ray tomography. However, if an object has a complicated high-frequency structure (QR-code), the minimal number of views required for its exact reconstruction increases to 17–21 for ART-TVS and to 32–34 for IPMA. The ART-TVS algorithm developed by the authors is shown to outperform IPMA in reconstruction accuracy and speed and in resistance to abnormally high noise as well. ART-TVS holds good potential for further improvement.
An algorithm for matching spatial objects of different-scale maps based on topological data analysis
Authors:   Vladimir State University, Eremeev S.V. , Andrianov D.E. ,   Vladimir State University, Titov V.S. ,   Southwest State University
Published: December 2019

A problem of automatic comparison of spatial objects on maps with different scales for the same locality is considered in the article. It is proposed that this problem should be solved using methods of topological data analysis. The initial data of the algorithm are spatial objects that can be obtained from maps with different scales and subjected to deformations and distortions. Persistent homology allows us to identify the general structure of such objects in the form of topological features. The main topological features in the study are the connectivity components and holes in objects. The paper gives a mathematical description of the persistent homology method for representing spatial objects. A definition of a barcode for spatial data, which contains a description of the object in the form of topological features is given. An algorithm for comparing feature barcodes was developed. It allows us to find the general structure of objects. The algorithm is based on the analysis of data from the barcode. An index of objects similarity in terms of topological features is introduced. Results of the research of the algorithm for comparing maps of natural and municipal objects with different scales, generalization and deformation are shown. The experiments confirm the high quality of the proposed algorithm. The percentage of similarity in the comparison of natural objects, while taking into account the scale and deformation, is in the range from 85 to 92, and for municipal objects, after stretching and distortion of their parts, was from 74 to 87. Advantages of the proposed approach over analogues for the comparison of objects with significant deformation at different scales and after distortion are demonstrated.
Retouching and restoration of missing image fragments by means of the iterative calculation of their spectra
Authors:   The Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kokoshkin A.V. , Korotkov V.A. ,   The Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Korotkov K.V. ,   The Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novichikhin E.P. ,   The Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the use of the interpolation method for the sequential calculation of the Fourier spectrum (IMSCS) for retouching and restoration of missing (shaded) image fragments. The proposed approach can be used with any form of a missing image fragment. Such image processing can give good results even at a significantly high percentage of missing image fragments. The method of digital virtual image reconstruction proposed here is strictly based on a scientific approach; as the source data, it uses all the data available (the image itself is the object to be recovered). Therefore, it is free from the human factor, because of which subjective changes can be introduced in the image under processing. The results presented indicate a significant increase in the quality of digital images (increasing the information content), which can offer helpful auxiliary tools for professionals using these images for their practical purposes.
Fibonacci, tribonacci, …, hexanacci and parallel “error-free” machine arithmetic
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Chernov V.M. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2019

The paper proposes a new method of synthesis of machine arithmetic systems for “error-free” parallel computations. The difference of the proposed approach from calculations in traditional Residue Number Systems (RNS) for the direct sum of rings is the parallelization of calculations in finite reductions of non-quadratic global fields whose elements are represented in number systems generated by sequences of powers of roots of the characteristic polynomial for the n-Fibonacci sequence.
Optical elements based on silicon photonics
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Butt M.A. , Khonina S.N. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kazanskiy N.L. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: December 2019

Silicon photonics is gaining substantial impulse because it permits optical devices to be realized inexpensively using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques and integrated with microelectronic chips. In this paper, we designed few optical elements such as optical power splitter, polarization beam splitter and Bragg grating based on silicon platform simulated using finite element method.
Investigation of the tolerance of the phase retrieval algorithm to missing information at the center of a detector in the case of coherent scattering from an ordered structure
Authors:   Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Ukleev V.
Published: December 2019

The hybrid input-output algorithm is a phase retrieval method that provides solution for the phase problem of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of micro- and nano-objects from the diffraction pattern alone without using any focusing optics. In this paper, we have studied a tolerance of this algorithm to missing information at the center of the diffraction pattern, which is a frequent problem in problems of small-angle scattering. We considered the particular problem of the stability of the algorithm in the case of scattering from an ordered structure and provided a qualitative and quantitative description of the degradation of image reconstruction with an increase in the amount of missing information.
Control of transverse mode content and polarization structure of terahertz coherent beams
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Pavelyev V.S. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Choporova Yu.Yu. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Osintseva N.D. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Tukmakov K.N. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Knyazev B.A. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2019

The paper is devoted to investigation of forming multimode coherent beams of terahertz radiation with pre-given transverse mode content and terahertz vector beams by use of silicon diffractive optical elements forming single modes from terahertz free-electron laser illuminating beam.
Topological stability of optical vortices diffracted by a random phase screen
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Porfirev A.P. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2019

Here, we theoretically demonstrate that if a Gaussian optical vortex is distorted by a random phase screen (diffuser) then the average intensity distribution in the focus of a spherical lens has a form of a ring with a nonzero value on the optical axis. The radius of the average-intensity ring depends on both the topological charge of an optical vortex and on the diffusing power of the diffuser. Therefore, the value of the topological charge cannot be unambiguously determined from the radius of the average intensity ring. However, the value of the topological charge of the optical vortex can be obtained from the number of points of phase singularity that can be determined using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It is also shown that if we use a linear combination of two optical vortices, then the average intensity distribution has local maxima, the number of which is equal to the difference of the topological charges of the two original vortices. The number of these maxima no longer depends on the scattering force of the diffuser and can serve as an indicator for optical vortex identification. Modeling and experiments confirm the theoretical conclusions.
Coherence of vortex pseudo-Bessel beams in turbulent atmosphere
Authors:   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Lukin I.P.
Published: December 2019

Theoretical research of coherent properties of vortex conic waves propagating in a turbulent atmosphere was developed. The analysis was based on the analytical solution of the equation for the transverse second-order mutual coherence function of a light field. The following characteristics of coherence of vortex conic waves were considered: the coherence degree, the coherence radius, the root-mean-square and the integral scale of coherence degree. Dependence of these characteristics on the parameters of optical radiation and turbulent atmosphere was analyzed. Unlike the coherence radius, the root-mean-square and integral scales of the coherence degree of vortex conic waves were found to be highly sensitive to the influence of atmospheric turbulence.
A microscope image processing method for analyzing TLIPSS structures
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, Belousov D.A. , Dostovalov A.V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Korolkov V.P. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, Mikerin S.L. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS
Published: December 2019

The paper describes a method for processing microimages of thermochemical laser-induced periodic surface structures (TLIPSS) to quantify their structural order and defects. Results of its application for the analysis of microimages of periodic structures formed in 30-nm chromium films by an astigmatically focused femtosecond Gaussian laser beam have been presented. Dependences of the relative area of the beam-modified region, the area of defects, and the ordering of the periodic structures on the scanning speed and the writing beam power have been obtained.
Calculation of a diffractive lens having a fixed focal position at several prescribed wavelengths
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Doskolovich L.L. ,   Samara National Research University, Bezus E.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Bykov D.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Skidanov R.V. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Kazanskiy N.L. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2019

A method for calculating a “spectral” diffractive lens, which ensures the preservation of the focal position at several prescribed wavelengths is proposed. The method is based on minimizing the function characterizing the difference between the complex transmission functions of the spectral lens for given wavelengths and the complex transmission functions of diffraction lenses calculated separately for each of the given wavelengths. As examples, spectral diffractive lenses are calculated for three and seven wavelengths. The simulation results of the calculated lenses confirm good performance of the proposed method.
The two reflector design problem for forming a flat wavefront from a point source as an optimal mass transfer problem
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC ", Mingazov A.A. ,   Crystallography and Photonics",   RAS, Doskolovich L.L. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS,   Samara National Research University, Bykov D.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS,   Samara National Research University, Kazanskiy N.L. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2019

The article deals with a problem of calculating two reflecting surfaces that form a given irradiance distribution with a flat wavefront, provided that a point source of light is used. A notion of a weak solution for the said problem is formulated and the equivalence of this problem and the Monge–Kantorovich mass transfer is proven.
Properties of nematic LC planar and smoothly-irregular waveguide structures: research in the experiment and using computer modeling
Authors:   A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Egorov A.A. , Sevastyanov L.A. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University),   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Shigorin V.D. ,   A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ayriyan A.S. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,   A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Ayriyan E.A. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Published: December 2019

Nematic liquid crystal planar and smoothly-irregular waveguide structures were studied experimentally and by the computer modeling. Two types of optical smoothly-irregular waveguide structures promising for application in telecommunications and control systems are studied by numerical simulation: liquid crystal waveguides and thin film solid generalized waveguide Luneburg lens. Study of the behavior of these waveguide structures where liquid crystal layer can be used to control the properties of the entire device, of course, promising, especially since such devices are also able to perform various sensory functions when changing some external parameters, accompanied by a change in a number of their properties. It can be of interest to researchers not only in the field of the integrated optics but also in some others areas: nano-photonics, optofluidics, telecommunications, and control systems. The dependences of the attenuation coefficient (optical losses) of waveguide modes and the effective sizes (correlation radii) of quasi-stationary irregularities of the liquid-crystal layers on the linear laser radiation polarization and on the presence of pulse-periodic electric field were experimentally observed. An estimate was made of the correlation radii of liquid-crystal waveguide quasi-stationary irregularities. The obtained results are undoubtedly important for further research of waveguide liquid crystal layers, both from the theoretical point of view, and practical – in the organization and carrying out new experimental researches, for example, when developing promising integrated-optical LC sensors.
Optics-to-THz conversion of vortex beams using nonlinear difference frequency generation
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Bagmanov V.Kh. , Sultanov A.Kh. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Gizatulin A.R. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Meshkov I.K. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Kuk I.A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Grakhova E.P. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Abdrakhmanova G.I. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Vinogradova I.L. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: December 2019

In this paper, using a modified model of slowly varying amplitudes, a process of optics-to-THZ-conversion of vortex beams based on the nonlinear difference frequency generation in a medium with second-order susceptibility is considered. A theoretical substantiation of the law of topological charge conversion of vortex beams is given – the topological charge of the output THz vortex beam is equal to the difference of the topological charges of the input optical vortex beams. A simulation model of the processes under consideration is implemented.
Feasibility of generating surface plasmon polaritons with a given orbital momentum on cylindrical waveguides using diffractive optical elements
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Knyazev B.A. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kameshkov O.E. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Nikitin A.K. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Scientific and Technological Center for Unique Instrumentation RAS, Pavelyev V.S. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Choporova Yu.Yu. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
Published: December 2019

Three optical systems employing diffractive optical elements to generate surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) with orbital angular momentum on axisymmetric conductors are considered. In all three systems, the incident radiation is first converted by binary spiral phase axicons into a set of plane waves converging to the optical axis. In the zone of intersection of these waves, a "twisted" Bessel beam is formed. By fitting the diameter of the first ring of the Bessel beam to the diameter of the cylindrical conductor, it is possible to generate a rotating SPP by the "end-fire coupling" method. The use of an additional lens makes it possible to convert the SPP-exciting Bessel beam into a vortex annular beam whose diameter is independent of the topological charge of the beam. In the third scheme, converging plane waves are “intercepted” by a cylindrical metal diffraction grating, which forms twisted SPPs on a cylindrical conductor connected to the grating. Examples of the possible use of the proposed systems in experiments on a terahertz free electron laser are presented.
Nanoparticles as energy donors and acceptors in bionanohybrid systems
Authors: Sławski Jakub , Grzyb Joanna
Published: December 2019

The bionanohybrids are the junctions of at least two objects of different origin: abiotic and biotic. The abiotic part is a nanoparticle (often a fluorescent quantum dot), the biotical one may be a protein (especially fluorescent one or redox-active one), nucleic acid, carbohydrate as well as a simple organic molecule. When such a junction undergoes illumination, the energy transfer between the partners is possible. The nanoparticles, depending on their characteristics, may be donors, acceptors or mediators of the energy transfer. In most cases, the mechanism of the transfer is the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or the electron transfer (ET). Here, we reviewed the newest achievements in the field with special attention paid to those bionanohybrids which allow FRET or ET. Such nanohybrids are important not only for exploration of the mechanism of the partner interaction but mainly for working out nanobiodevices for biosensing and nanotools for modern therapies.
UV radiation in HCT 116 cells influences intracellular H2O2 and glutathione levels, antioxidant expression, and protein glutathionylation
Authors: Adamiec Małgorzata , Skonieczna Magdalena
Published: December 2019

UV radiation influences cellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione (GSH) and alters the expression of antioxidant genes in the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. In this study, cells were irradiated with UV light of different wavelength (A, B, or C). A surge in H2O2 concentration and total glutathione (level occurred 6 hours later. Consequently, protein glutathionylation increased above control levels. Expression of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GSR), assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, increased by 1.5–2 times after 24 hours post-irradiation, in comparison to the untreated controls. Glutathionylation of proteins was enhanced after UV radiation and the set of biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester (BioGEE) tagged proteins was detected by Western Blot procedure. This specific glutathione analogue is conjugated with antioxidant proteins during glutathionylation especially under oxidized conditions in cells. A pool of glutathionylated proteins in the treated cells showed peculiar characteristics. These proteins exhibited varying molecular weights. For UVA-irradiated cells, 24 hours after the treatment we observed two additional ~60 and ~72 kDa bands of glutathionylated proteins from NADPH oxidases (NOX family). Total glutathione level in the UV-irradiated HCT116 cells was higher than in the control. This correlates with the detection of glutathionylation in UV-irradiated cells in the first and twelfth hour of post-irradiation, and can be defined as a specific antioxidant element activation for cellular protection.
An outline of the use of supramolecular compounds in biology and medicine
Authors: Jagusiak Anna
Published: December 2019

Supramolecular chemistry opened up opportunities and prospects in biological studies. Numerous supramolecular systems are known which assume different shapes depending on the structure of the component molecules. Some of them are mixed systems. Ribbon-like supramolecular structures which are the main focus of this paper form complexes with proteins in a way which is a new type of interaction. Despite preserving the ribbon-like structure, it may also interact with proteins as a mixed system. In this way, it may be used as a carrier of drugs. In addition, hybrid systems created by a combination of ribbon-like supramolecular structures with carbon nanotubes were presented together with data from studies of these structures as drug-carrying systems. This paper presents an outline of the experimentally confirmed possible use of ribbon-like supramolecular systems.
İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi Öğretimi Açısından İmam-Hatip Lisesi Müfredatının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KUBAT Mehmet
Published: December 2019

İlahiyat ve İslâmî
İlimler Fakültelerine öğrenci, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’nın çeşitli
kurumlarında istihdam edilmek üzere kalifiye eleman yetiştiren ortaöğretim
kurumlarımızdan başında İmam-Hatip Liseleri gelmektedir. Ne var ki İmam-Hatip
Lisesi öğrencilerinin, resmi öğretim programlarıyla çeşitli dinî konularda
bilgi dünyaları şekillendirilirken, mezhepler konusunda istenen bilgi ve
donanımda yetiştirilemedikleri bir gerçektir. Bunun temel nedenlerinden biri
İmam-Hatip Lisesi müfredatında doğrudan İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi dersinin
yer almaması ve konuyla ilgili diğer derslerde de mezhep mefhumunun yeterince
öğretilememesidir. Tabiat boşluk kabul etmez; bu alandaki boşluğun çoğunlukla
informal alanda faaliyet gösteren ve dini istismar eden çevreler tarafından
doldurulduğu müşahede edilmektedir. Sonuçta İmam-Hatipli öğrenciler, zorunlu
olarak kendilerini bir mezhebin taraftarı yahut dinî bir grubun doğrudan içinde
bulmakta ve mensubu bulunduğu mezhebi din olarak algılayan, diğerlerini ise din
dışı görüp ötekileştiren yanlış bir zihniyete sahip olabilmektedir. Oysa
gerçekte mezhep din değil, dinin yorumu sonucu doğan beşerî bir formdur. Bu
nedenle İmam-Hatip Lisesi müfredatında İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi dersinin ihdas
edilmesi, bu disipline ait öğretim programı ve yöntemin günümüz şartları içinde
yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi, derslerde mezheplere dair objektif
kriterlere bağlı kalınarak yazılmış ders kitapların okutulması, ayrıca
mezheplerin ele alındığı konu başlıklarının öğrencilerin güncel dinî hâdiseleri
anlamlandırması ve kavramasına yardımcı olacak nitelikte yeniden dizayn
edilmesi zorunludur. Bu makalede, İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi öğretimi açısından
içinde mezhep konularının ilk olarak yer aldığı 1963’ten günümüze İmam-Hatip
Lisesi müfredatı değerlendirilecek, ilgili müfredatın yeniden düzenlenmesinin
yolları tartışılacak, bu bağlamda İmam-Hatip Liselerinin program geliştirme
çalışmalarına yeni bilgi ve bakış açısı sunma cihetiyle katkı sağlanmaya
çalışılacaktır.
Modern İran'da Siyasal ve Sosyal Dönüşümler
Authors: ÇIRAKOĞLU Ahmet
Published: December 2019

Bu kitap, yaşanan sosyal ve siyasi dönüşümlerde büyük
din adamlarının ve özellikle de devrim lideri Humeyni’nin rolünü odağa almakta,
modern İran’ın oluşumunu ulemanın mücadeleleri ve çalışmalarının bir neticesi
olarak yansıtmaktadır. İslami ilimler ile pozitif bilimleri başarılı bir
şekilde sentezleyen bu eser, alanında literatüre katkı sunacak olan önemli bir
çalışma niteliğindedir.
İmam Mâturîdî ve Maturidilik Hakkında Bibliyografya
Authors: TEBER Ömer Faruk , AKGÜN Ahmet Tunahan
Published: December 2019

Yaklaşık 15 asırlık İslâm tarihinde yaşadığı çağdan günümüze
kadar iz bırakan birçok İslam âlimi gelip geçmiştir. Hicrî 333’te vefat eden
İmam Ebû Mansûr Mâturîdî de bu âlimlerden birisidir. İmam Mâturîdî başta
kendisi olmak üzere talebeleri ve kendisine Mâturîdî aidiyeti ile bağlanmış
olan birçok âlim, İmam Mâturîdî ve Maturidiliğin anlaşılması için eserler
ortaya koymuştur. Günümüzde de İslam’ın kaybolan halkası olarak nitelendirilen
İmam Mâturîdî ve Maturidilik hakkında birçok kitap, makale yazılmış, yüksek
lisans-doktora tez çalışmaları yapılmış ve birçok bilgi şöleni, panel ve
çalıştaylar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ehl-i Sünnet’in iki büyük ekolünden
birisi olarak görülen Maturidilik ve İmam Ebû Mansûr Mâturîdî hakkında şu ana
kadar pek çok araştırma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, Sönmez Kutlu’nun tespit
edebildiği kadarıyla, iki makale dışında kapsamlı müstakil bir bibliyografya
çalışması yapılmamıştır. Yapılanlar ise ya sadece İmam Mâturîdî’nin eserleri ya
da Maturidilik konusunda yayımlanmış bazı eserler ve makalelerle, birkaç
yazmayı veya konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların kaynakçasını ve bir doktora
seminer çalışmasını geçmeyen çalışmalardır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda geniş bir
eser havzası olan İmam Mâturîdî ve Maturidililiği daha iyi anlayabilmek
ve yeni çalışmalara yol gösterebilmek amacıyla daha önceki bibliyografya
çalışmalarından yola çıkarak sistemli geniş bir bibliyografya çalışmasının
yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmalarımız neticesinde İmam Mâturîdî ve
Maturidilik hakkında birçok çalışmayı sistemli bir şekilde düzenleyerek
oluşturulan geniş bibliyografya, ilim yolcusu araştırmacıların istifadesine
sunulmuştur.
Gnostik ‘Kurtarıcı Bilgi’ (Gnosis) Anlayışı ve İsmaililik’teki Tezahürleri
Authors: AVCU Ali
Published: December 2019

İslam dini daha Hz. Ömer döneminde geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştı. Bu farklı coğrafyalarda pek çok din, mezhep, cemaat ve grupla karşılaşıldı. Bunlar arasında gnostik karakterli, senkretik ve heterodoks bir siyasi-dini gelenek, İslam’daki Şii-Bâtınî din anlayışına fikri ve epistemik kaynaklık etme noktasında önemli bir yer edindi. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda gnostik geleneklerin kurtarıcı bilgi anlayışının İsmaililik’teki “bâtın” düşüncesi ile irtibatı ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı iki gelenek arasındaki organik bağı ortaya koymak ya da metin karşılaştırması yapmak değildir. Çalışmamızın hareket noktasını, Ortadoğu’daki gnostik çevrelerin İslamlaşması ya da gnostik olmayan ancak onlarla temasa geçen çevrelerin bu kültür üzerinden yeni dini yorumlama çabası neticesinde sosyokültürel bir etkileşimin zorunlu olarak ortaya çıktığı ve bu ilişkinin kendi doğal süreci içerisinde gerçekleştiği tezi oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla makalemizde İsmaililer’in bâtın anlayışlarının Gnostikler’in gnosis anlayışı ile örtüşen noktalarına ve Müslüman bir çevreye ait olmanın bir neticesi olarak bazı hususlarda ortaya çıkarılan yeni yorum ve yaklaşımlara işaret edilecektir.