bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
การสำรวจความรุนแรงในครอบครัวในสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโรคโควิด 19 กรุงเทพฯ
Authors: สังข์แก้ว พิทยา , เสาวนีย์ รุ่งทิวา , หาอุปละ อารยา
Published: September 2022

บทนำ: การระบาดของโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา 2019 หรือโรคโควิด 19 ที่เกิดขึ้นทั่วโลก ส่งผลกระทบต่อภาวะเศรษฐกิจสังคมและครอบครัว มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงรูปแบบการใช้ชีวิตอย่างมากและกะทันหัน สมาชิกในครอบครัวมีโอกาสอยู่ร่วมกันมากขึ้น บางครอบครัวรายได้ลดลงทำให้เกิดภาวะเครียด ส่งผลให้มีโอกาสเกิดความเสี่ยงต่อความรุนแรงในครอบครัวสูงขึ้น
วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาความชุกความรุนแรงในครอบครัวของกรุงเทพฯ ภายใต้สถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโรคโควิด 19 และผลกระทบที่ครอบครัวได้รับ
วิธีการศึกษา: การสำรวจภาคตัดขวางในกรุงเทพฯ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ผู้หญิงที่มีอายุมากกว่า 15 ปี จำนวน 198 ครัวเรือน เก็บข้อมูลช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2563 ถึง พ.ศ. 2564 โดยใช้แบบประเมินสวัสดิภาพของผู้หญิงและบุคคลในครอบครัว และวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนา สถิติ McNemar test และ Wilcoxon signed rank test
ผลการศึกษา: เมื่อเปรียบเทียบการระบาดครั้งที่ 1 (มกราคม - พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2563) กับการระบาดครั้งที่ 2 (กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2563 - มกราคม พ.ศ. 2564) พบว่า ความชุกความรุนแรงในครอบครัวของกรุงเทพฯ ลดลงจากร้อยละ 42.9 เป็นร้อยละ 37.4 อย่างไม่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P > .05) และผลกระทบที่ครอบครัวได้รับอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < .05) ได้แก่ ลักษณะรายได้ของครอบครัวแต่ละเดือน ผลกระทบด้านการทำงาน ด้านเศรษฐกิจ และระดับความเครียดของครอบครัว
สรุป: การศึกษาครั้งนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่า เมื่อเกิดการระบาดของโรคอุบัติใหม่ จะส่งผลกระทบต่อความรุนแรงในครอบครัว ภาวะเศรษฐกิจ รายได้ และระดับความเครียดของครอบครัว
Theoretical bases of agri-food systems development under the global changes
Authors: Varchenko O.O.
Published: September 2022

The article considers the concept of system economy as a direction in economic theory based on the generalization of neoclassical, institutional and evolutionary theories, which is based on a combination of processes of creation, functioning, interaction and transformation of economic systems. Approaches to understanding the category of economic system, which covers the processes of production, distribution, ex- change and consumption of goods, as well as the relationship between producers and consumers of material goods and services are generalized. It was argued that the economic systems functioning structure and mechanism is based on cybernetic, informational and organizational theoretical principles of general systems theory. Having considered the scientifc directions of general systems theory, synergetics, change theory, catastrophe theory etc.,it was proved that isoformisms is manifested not only as similarity or clear correspondence of systems construction, but as commonality in their functioning and development as well. It was substantiated that a complex economic system has an emergent synergetic behavior and its development is based on non-equilibrium deviations of critical bifurcation points. It was revealed that complex economic systems have high uncertainty of behavior and their strategic development is focused on the search for self-development ways and unrealized reserves which results in a qualitatively new state of the system. Innovations and sustainable development principle were proved to be the main factors of violations in the agri-food systems sustainability and achieving their balanced socio-ecological and economic development. The negative and positive impact factors inﬂuencing the sustainability of agri-food systems modern development are systematized. These factors must be taken into account when substantiating the options for the systems development on the basis of targeted management inﬂuence. The paper highlights that agri-food systems operate in a multilevel environment and identifes strategic priorities for their development at the micro, meso, macro and mega levels. It is emphasized that agri-food systems affect the development of rural areas and they can ensure the homeostatic systems. The defnition of the category "agri-food systems" is extended and their specifc features, development trends, challenges and threats in achieving the sustainable development goals are generalized.
Key words: economic system, agro-food system, rural areas, sustainable development, innovation, globalization.
العوامل المؤثرة في استخدام المرأة للتسويق الإلكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي
Authors: شعبان أفنان محمد
Published: September 2022

يرمي البحث إلى تحديد العوامل المؤثرة في استخدام المرأة للتسويق الإلكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، ومعرفة مدى استخدام العينة لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي لأغراض التسوق الإلكتروني، استخدم في البحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي بإجراء دراسة ميدانية على عينة من النساء العاملات في جامعة بغداد بواقع (269) امرأة، واستخدم اداة البحث استبانة استمارة ثم تصميمها بعد عرضها على المحكمين وتضمنت مجموعة من الاسئلة ومقياس ليكرت الخماسي، واستخدم البرنامج الاحصائي spss لإجراء العمليات الاحصائية التي وضعت في جداول تبين التكرارات والنسب المئوية والمراتب والوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والعلاقات الارتباطية باستخدام معامل ارتباط سبيرمان، واختبار مربع كا2، واختبار F، واختبار الفا كرونباخ، وتوصل البحث الى طائفة من النتائج أهمها وجود مدى كبير للتسويق الإلكتروني من مواقع الإنترنت، وأن الفيسبوك من أكثر  مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي استخداما في التسويق، وأظهر اختبار الفروض وجود علاقة ارتباط دالة بين مواقع التسويق ومدى تلبية المواقع لاحتياجات النساء، وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروقات بين العينة في البيانات الديموغرافية نحو استخدام المرأة للتسويق الإلكتروني عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، وكذلك هناك مؤشر لشدة اتقاق في متوسطات العينة نحو العوامل المؤثرة في استخدام المرأة للتسويق الإلكتروني.
اعتماد الجمهور على القنوات الفضائية في الحصول على المعلومات إزاء قضايا حقوق الإنسان (دراسة ميدانية على جمهور مدينة كركوك)
Authors: العبيدي دحام علي حسين
Published: September 2022

استهدف البحث دراسة الدور الذي تقوم به وسائل الإعلام في تشكيل معارفالجمهور إزاء قضايا حقوق الإنسان ، لدى جمهور مدينة كركوك التي ستكونمحور الدراسة ، وتم إجراء البحث من خلال تطبيق دراسة مسحية لعينة عشوائيةمن جمهور المدينة، تناول البحث في جانبه النظري عرضا لنظرية الاعتماد علىوسائل الإعلام، والفروض التي تقدمها النظرية، والتي على أساسها اجري البحث،وتم تحديد مشكلة البحث بناءً على سؤال رئيس هو : ما الدور الذي تقوم به وسائلالإعلام في تنمية معارف أفراد الجمهور بحقوق الإنسان، وعلاقة كثافة المشاهدةفي ذلك، فضلا عن التعرف على اثر متغيري النوع والتعليم على ذلك، واعتمد البحثعلى المنهج الوصفي الذي يستخدم أسلوب المسح عبر تطبيق استمارة استبيانعلى عينة عشوائية لجمهور المدينة بلغت 250 فردا، واستخدم الباحث التكراراتالبسيطة والنسب المئوية، وتطبيق مربع )كا 2( لمعالجة النتائج الإحصائية وتحديدالعلاقة بين المتغيرات ودور التلفزيون في تنمية معارف الجمهور بحقوق الإنسان.
أساليب العلاقات العامة الدولية في بناء صورة الدولة عبر الفضاء الالكتروني
Authors: عباس سجى خضير , العقابي جاسم طارش
Published: September 2022

تناول البحث دراسة )اساليب العلاقات العامة الدولية في بناء صورة الدولةعبرالفضاء الالكتروني – دراسة تحليلية للمواقع الالكترونية)فيسبوك وتويتر(لوزارة الخارجية البريطانية, دورممارسة العلاقات العامة الدولية على المواقعالالكترونية)فيسبوك و تويتر( في بناء صورة ذهنية ايجابيةعن الدولة بعد مااصبحت هذه المواقع احدى اهم أدوات عمل العلاقات العامة الدولية في القرن الواحدوالعشرين في ظل المزايا والخصائص التي تتمتع بها من سرعة الانتشاروالوصولالى الجماهيرالمعنية فقد اصبحت وسيلة جديدة تعتمدها الدول من اجل تنفيذ السياسةالخارجية وتحقيق اهدافها ,ففي ضوء اهمية ممارسة العلاقات العامة الدوليةعبر الفضاء الالكتروني حددت الباحثة مشكلة الدراسة بالتساؤل الرئيس الاتي)كيفية توظيف انشطة واساليب العلاقات العامة الدولية عبر المواقع الالكترونيةالرسمية )فيسبوك و تويتر( لوزارة الخارجية البريطانية في اطار تحقيق سياستهاالخارجية التي تتمثل بالوصول الى الجماهير في دول الشرق الاوسط وبناء صورةذهنية ايجابية عن الدولة(؟وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي, لأن البحث منالدراسات الوصفية وقد اعتمدت على اداة تحليل المضمون.
الصورة الإعلامية للمرأة الافغانية كما قدمها موقع روسيا اليوم RT الاخباري في آب - تشرين الثاني 2021
Authors: سلمان حنين سعد
Published: September 2022

تولي المواقع الإخبارية الدولية ومنها موقع روسيا اليوم اهتماماً خاصاً بالصورة الإعلامية للمرأة الأفغانية لاسيما بعد سيطرة حركة طالبان على الحكم في افغانستان، اذ ان هذه الحركة كانت ترى ان دور المرأة لا يتعدى تربية النشئ الجديد؛ لذلك كان لابد من معرفة صورة المرأة الافغانية ومصير الحقوق التي اكتسبتها في السنوات الاخيرة والتحولات التي طالتها بعد سيطرة طالبان على الحكم  ودراستها في المواقع الإخبارية الدولية وبالتحديد موقع روسيا اليوم.

لخصت الباحثة مشكلة هذه الدراسة في التساؤل الآتي: ما الصورة الإعلامية للمرأة الافغانية في موقع روسيا اليومRT الإخباري؟

اتبعت الباحثة المنهج المسحي بهدف الوصول الى النتائج، التي كانت أبرزها: إن محددات الصورة الإعلامية للمرأة الأفغانية تكمن في المعالجة الصحفية التي قدمها القائم بالاتصال في موقع روسيا اليوم في التركيز على ابراز التصور الإعلامي والسياسي الدولي لأوضاع المرأة الأفغانية وعلى اثارة المخاوف الدولية إزاء مستقبل المرأة الأفغانية في ظل حكم طالبان لأنها مهددة بالإقصاء من المجتمع، والمطالبة بحقوقها عن طريق مطالبات الدول والمنظمات والناشطين الدوليين.
علاقة استخدام موقع الشبكة الاجتماعية فايسبوك بتراكم رأس المال الاجتماعي
Authors: بن عمروش فريدة , قليعة أسماء
Published: September 2022

يعد موضوع رأس المال الاجتماعي على قدر كبير من الأهمية، فهو يوفر إطارا تحليليا للباحثين المهتمين بفهم تأثير الأنترنت على أبعاد كثيرة من الحياة الإنسانية والاجتماعية. ولأن مواقع الشبكات الاجتماعية تغللت في المجتمعات وأفرزت متغيرات جديدة على مستوى الاتصال الإنساني والاجتماعي، جاءت هذه الدراسة لتفحص العلاقة بين استخدام موقع الشبكة الاجتماعية فايسبوك وتراكم رأس المال الاجتماعي لدى عينة من طلبة جامعة الجزائر3، عن طريق البحث في متغيري شدة الاستخدام وأنماط الاستخدام بعدها متغيرات مستقلة وعلاقتها برأس المال الاجتماعي،  وقد كشفت نتائج الدراسة الميدانية عن وجود علاقة قوية بين شدة استخدام الفايسبوك ورأس المال الاجتماعي وتمثلت أقواها في رأس المال التجسيري، فضلا عن وجود علاقة قوية بين الاستخدام النشط وتراكم رأس المال الاجتماعي، مما يعني أن الأفراد النشطين والذين يستخدمون الموقع بشكل كبير هم أوفر حظا لزيادة مخزونهم من رأس المال الاجتماعي، ومن ثم فان العلاقة بين استخدام موقع الفايسبوك ورأس المال الاجتماعي تختلف باختلاف شدة الاستخدام وأنماط استخدام الموقع.
إثارة السلوكيات السلبية الاجتماعية في البرامج الحوارية لقناة NRT الفضائية دراسة تحليلية
Authors: راضي وسام فاضل , فتح الله ابراهيم سعيد , أمين جيا ياسين محمد
Published: September 2022

يتساءل هذا البحث حول ما السلوكيات السلبية الاجتماعية في اقليم كردستان العراق التي اثارتها البرامج الحوارية في قناة (NRT)؟، ويرمي الى معرفة أهم الموضوعات التي تصدت لها تلك البرامج ازاء السلوكيات السلبية الاجتماعية في اقليم كردستان، مستخدما منهج تحليل المضمون عن طريق عينة غير عشوائية قصدية لمعرفة المضامين الحوارية التي تناولت هذا الموضوع . وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من بينها تحاول قناة (NRT) عن طريق برامجها الحوارية تشكيل رؤية اعلامية حول تفشى السلوكيات السلبية الاجتماعية في اقليم كردستان، والوقوف امام مخاطر تلك السلوكيات، وحاولت تلك البرامج تهميش السلوكيات التي تدعم مشاريع السلطة السياسية في المجتمع، وخرج هذا البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات من بينها انشاء لجان متخصصة من الأكاديميين وخبراء علم النفس للأشراف على إعداد موضوعات البرامج الحوارية ، لتكون فعالة لرفع الوعي وتطوير قدرات المتلقين.
صورة العراق في الصحافة البريطانية دراسة تحليلية لصحيفتي (الغارديان والديلي تلغراف) للمدة من 1 / 1– 31 / 3 / 2019
Authors: مرتضى محمد سمير , عز الدين عبد الرزاق نوح
Published: September 2022

تناول البحث صورة العراق في الصحافة البريطانية بالاعتماد على عينة تمثلت بصحيفتي (الغارديان والديلي تلغراف) واللتان تعدان من أهم الصحف واكبرها في المملكة المتحدة والعالم, لما لها من دور فاعل في توجيه الراي العام المحلي والعالمي تجاه قضايا وأحداث مهمة, ولما كانت تلك الصحيفتين تصب اهتمامها في بودقة الموضوعات السياسية الحساسة؛ فمن هذا المنطلق هدفت الرسالة الى معرفة الصورة الاعلامية التي رسمتها تلك الصحيفتين عن العراق في المدة التي انحصرت في الفصل الاول من سنة 2019, ومعرفة طبيعة المضامين التي تروج لها تلك الصحف عن الواقع العراقي. وللوصول الى الأهداف فقد اُنتهج بذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ وباستخدام اسلوب تحليل المضمون أداة مناسبة لوصف المحتوى وتحليله والاستدلال على الاجابة المعنية بأهداف الدراسة, فضلا عن استخدامه اسلوب التحليل الاحصائي بالاعتماد على الجداول وتصنيف المعلومات, ومن ثم الحصول على النتائج المرجوة. وقد بينت الدراسة ان الصحيفتين قد اهتمت بموضوعات الشأن العراقي بشكل كبير, اذا ان صحيفة الغارديان سبقت صحيفة الديلي تلغراف بهذا الاهتمام وبفارق قليل باحتوائها على (84) موضوعاً, في حين أن عدد الموضوعات لصحيفة الديلي تلغراف وصل الى (77), مع وجود تقارب نسبي في النتائج, فقد برزت صحيفة الغارديان الموضوعات التي تخص وجود التنظيمات الارهابية المتمثلة بتنظيم(داعش) في العراق متصدر المرتبة الاولى وتلتها الموضوعات المعنية بالشؤون السياسية والدبلوماسية, ومن ثم الموضوعات التي تعنى بالشأن العسكري والامني, وكانت هذه التصنيفات متشابهة الى حد ما مع صحيفة الديلي تلغراف مع وجود تفاوت بتسلسل المرتبات.
الاثار الاجتماعية والنفسية لتنظيم "داعش" في الصحافة الموصلية دراسة تحليلية في صحيفتي (المدينة الاقتصادية) و(أنباء الموصل) العراقيتين للمدة من 30/8/2017م ولغاية 31/7/2019م
Authors: وذاح محمد جبار , محمد نبيل جاسم
Published: September 2022

يسعى البحث لمعرفة حجم تغطية الصحافة الموصلية موضوعات الاثار النفسية والاجتماعية لتنظيم "داعش" على مجتمع الموصل، تمثلت في تحليل مضمون جريدتي (المدينة الاقتصادية) و(انباء الموصل). فضلا عن الوقوف عند أنواع الاثار النفسية والاجتماعية وتداعياتها على مجتمع الموصل من الارقام والإحصائيات والشواهد التي تمت تغطيتها بالدراسة النظرية لتلك الموضوعات. وتعد هذه الدراسة أول تشخص علمي يكشف عن حجم وأنواع الاثار النفسية والاجتماعية لتنظيم "داعش" عن طريق ما رصدته الصحافة الموصلية التي تعد ابنة بيئة ذلك المجتمع وخير من يعكس همومه وآراءه وطموحاته. ويعد هذا البحث من البحوث الوصفية، استخدم فيه المنهج المسحي.

وتوصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية:

استطاعت الجريدتان أن تحددان جانباً كبيراً من الاثار النفسية والاجتماعية لداعش على مجتمع الموصل عن طريق تغطيتها الصحفية والتي ظهرت أثناء تحليل مضمون الجريدتين خلال مدة الدراسة.

أفرزت سيطرة "داعش" على الموصل اثارا اجتماعية سلبية تناولتها الصحافة الموصلية.

افرز احتلال "داعش" للموصل اثارا نفسية، ابرزها كانت، اضطرابات نفسية بين السكان لاسيما الفئات الاكثر هشاشة وهم الاطفال والنساء.

اظهرت التغطية الصحفية للجريدتين أنها ركزت على الاثار الاجتماعية أكثر من الاثار النفسية. إذ كان مجموع تكرارات الاثار الاجتماعية في جريدة (انباء الموصل) (3509) تكراراً و(2347) تكراراً في جريدة (المدينة الاقتصادية)، فيما جاءت تكرارات الاثار النفسية في جريدة (انباء الموصل) (167) تكراراً و(136) تكراراً في جريدة المدينة الاقتصادية.
Comment moderation strategies in Canadian news media and their principles
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed , Nicolai Joseph
Published: September 2022

This paper offers a critical examination of Canadian news guidelines and policieson user-generated content (UGC) posted on news-related comment sections andsocial media.The outline of how news-related UGC is moderated within Canadian news is achievedby looking at the online comment policies of major Canadian news organizations like .the CBC, CityNews (Halifax), CTV News, Glacier Media, Global News, The Globeand Mail, Narcity Media, Postmedia, QUB (Québecor), and Torstar.The policies highlight how Canadian news organizations have practical strategiesto manage news-related UGC but also call upon positive and negative socialprinciples, to flag ill practices, foster democracy, and fight against online hate speechand libel. The analysis shows how guidelines reflect many of the key principles highlightedin the literature review but make no reference to economic principles thatare emphasized as important in academic and journalist concerns with moderatingnews-related UGC.
دور العلاقات العامة في توعية الجمهور الفلسطيني بقضية الأسرى لدى الاحتلال دراسة تطبيقية على العاملين في وزارة شؤون الأسرى والمحررين
Authors: المناعمة وائل عبد الرزاق
Published: September 2022

تعتبر قضية الأسرى الفلسطينيين داخل سجون الاحتلال الإس ا رئيلي قضية إنسانية بامتياز،كونها تمس كل عائلة فلسطينية نتيجة لغياب الزوج أو الزوجة أو الابن، فلا يكاد يخلو بيت فلسطينيإلا ويوجد به أسير أو أكثر، ولم تسلم من هذه الاعتقالات حتى النساء والأطفال وكبار السن.وتمثلت مشكلة الد ا رسة في التعرف على دور العلاقات العامة في و ا زرة شؤون الأسرى والمحررينفي توعية الجمهور الفلسطيني بقضية الأسرى، وطبيعة هذا الدور والوسائل المتبعة لجلب الدعموالتضامن مع هذه القضية المهمة والحساسة من خلال الد ا رسة التطبيقية على العاملين في الو ا زرة.وتقع هذه الد ا رسة ضمن البحوث الوصفية، كما استخدم الباحث منهج المسح وتماختيار مسح أساليب الممارسة من خلاله، وكانت صحيفة الاستقصاء والمقابلة أداتي الد ا رسة،وتوصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها:أن معظم أف ا رد العينة موافقون بدرجة كبيرة على أن الكفاءة الوظيفية لموظفي العلاقاتالعامة في الو ا زرة يؤثر إيجابياً على مدى إقبال الجمهور للتضامن مع قضية الأسرى، كما أنأغلب أف ا رد العينة موافقون بدرجة كبيرة على أن للعلاقات العامة دور في صنع الق ا رر في الو ا زرة.ومعظمهم موافقون على أن هناك عوامل خارجية تؤثر على عمل العلاقات العامة وخدماتها.وقدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات كان أبرزها، أن تهتم دائرة العلاقات العامةبالتواصل بالجمهور الداخلي والخارجي للو ا زرة لرسم سياسة وخطة الدائرة، وأوصى الباحثبضرورة أن يحصل موظفي العلاقات العامة في الو ا زرة على دو ا رت كافية في مجال التخصص.
Annual immunisation coverage report 2020
Authors: Hull Brynley , Hendry Alexandra , Dey Aditi , Brotherton Julia , Macartney Kristine , Beard Frank
Published: September 2022

We analysed Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) data as at 31 March 2021 for children, adolescents and adults. This is the first time that adolescent and adult coverage data from the AIR have been included in our annual coverage report.
Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza during 2020–2021
Authors: O’Neill Genevieve , Aziz Ammar , Kuba Miku , Brown Sook Kwan , Lau Hilda , Soppe Sally , Baz Mariana , Peck Heidi , Deng Yi-Mo , Subbarao Kanta , Barr Ian G
Published: September 2022

As part of its role in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne received a total of 2,393 human influenza positive samples between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 (2020: n = 2,021 samples; 2021: n = 372 samples). Viruses were analysed for their antigenic, genetic and antiviral susceptibility properties. Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen’s eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. During 2020–2021, influenza A viruses (A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2020 and A(H3N2) in 2021) predominated over influenza B viruses. In 2020, the majority of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the southern hemisphere in 2020. In 2021, the majority of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were found to be antigenically distinct relative to the WHO recommended vaccine strains for the southern hemisphere in 2021. Of the influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre, 46.7% were found to be antigenically distinct to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains. Of 1,538 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir (in 2020, n = 1,374; in 2021, n = 164), two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed highly reduced inhibition against oseltamivir, and one A(H1N1)pdm09 virus showed highly reduced inhibition against zanamivir. All of these samples were received in 2020.
Fitness consequences of hybridization between wild Newfoundland and farmed European and North American Atlantic salmon
Authors: Islam SS , Wringe BF , Conway CM , Bradbury IR , Fleming IA
Published: September 2022

Selection due to multi-generational domestication and genetically distinct origins raises concerns about potential fitness consequences of hybridization between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. In Newfoundland (NF), Canada, the aquaculture industry uses the North American (NA) Saint John River strain, though site-specific permission has been granted to farm a European origin (EO) strain. We used complementary experiments to investigate differences in (1) dominance status and (2) growth and survival in allopatry (NF wild fish) versus sympatry (NF wild fish with NA/EO farmed individuals and related F1 hybrids) in contrasting tank and semi-natural stream environments. NA farmed salmon were more dominant than NF wild individuals, with hybrids being intermediate in expression and not differing from wild fish. EO farmed salmon also tended to dominate NF wild individuals, but not significantly. Competition with farmed fish and hybrids did not affect the growth of wild fish in sympatry versus allopatry in the tank environment. However, that was not the case in one instance in the stream environment where wild fish in sympatry with NA farmed fish and hybrids outgrew those in allopatry. Within sympatric treatments, both EO and NA farmed salmon outgrew wild individuals in the tank environment, but not always in the stream environment (exception: NA farmed). Hybrids tended to display intermediate growth performance relative to farmed and wild fish in both environments. Survival did not differ among cross types in either environment. These findings suggest that irrespective of distinct origins, both EO and NA farmed salmon displayed greater dominance and growth than NF wild salmon in the tank environment. However, in the stream environment, competition imposed by NA farmed fish and related hybrids on wild fish appeared less than that imposed by the EO strain and related hybrids, as evident in growth performance. Findings thus provide valuable insight into the effects of hybridization and, consequently, fitness-related trait differences among divergent EO and NA farmed, NF wild, and F1 hybrid populations of importance for the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as new tools for delivery of miRNAs in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Dalmizrak Aysegul , Dalmizrak Ozlem
Published: September 2022

Although ongoing medical research is working to find a cure for a variety of cancers, it continues to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as surgical intervention and radiation therapy, are critical components of cancer treatment. Most anti-cancer drugs are given systemically and distribute not just to tumor tissues but also to normal tissues, where they may cause side effects. Furthermore, because anti-cancer drugs have a low delivery efficiency, some tumors do not respond to them. As a result, tumor-targeted drug delivery is critical for improving the safety and efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Exosomes are microscopic extracellular vesicles that cells produce to communicate with one another. MicroRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids are among the therapeutic cargos found in exosomes. Recently, several studies have focused on miRNAs as a potential therapeutic element for the treatment of cancer. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been known to have angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Exosomes derived from MSCs are gaining popularity as a non-cellular alternative to MSC-based therapy, as this method avoids unwanted lineage differentiation. Therefore more research have focused on transferring miRNAs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and targeting miRNA-loaded exosomes to cancer cells. Here, we initially gave an overview of the characteristics and potentials of MSC as well as the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cancer therapy. Finally, we emphasized the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes for miRNA delivery in the treatment of cancer.
Anionic polymers amplify electrokinetic perfusion through extracellular matrices
Authors: Walker Joseph C. , Jorgensen Ashley M. , Sarkar Anyesha , Gent Stephen P. , Messerli Mark A.
Published: September 2022

Electrical stimulation (ES) promotes healing of chronic epidermal wounds and delays degeneration of articular cartilage. Despite electrotherapeutic treatment of these non-excitable tissues, the mechanisms by which ES promotes repair are unknown. We hypothesize that a beneficial role of ES is dependent on electrokinetic perfusion in the extracellular space and that it mimics the effects of interstitial flow. In vivo, the extracellular space contains mixtures of extracellular proteins and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans surrounding cells. While these anionic macromolecules promote water retention and increase mechanical support under compression, in the presence of ES they should also enhance electro-osmotic flow (EOF) to a greater extent than proteins alone. To test this hypothesis, we compare EOF rates between artificial matrices of gelatin (denatured collagen) with matrices of gelatin mixed with anionic polymers to mimic endogenous charged macromolecules. We report that addition of anionic polymers amplifies EOF and that a matrix comprised of 0.5% polyacrylate and 1.5% gelatin generates EOF with similar rates to those reported in cartilage. The enhanced EOF reduces mortality of cells at lower applied voltage compared to gelatin matrices alone. We also use modeling to describe the range of thermal changes that occur during these electrokinetic experiments and during electrokinetic perfusion of soft tissues. We conclude that the negative charge density of native extracellular matrices promotes electrokinetic perfusion during electrical therapies in soft tissues and may promote survival of artificial tissues and organs prior to vascularization and during transplantation.
3D in-vitro cultures of human bone marrow and Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells show high chondrogenic potential
Authors: Lamparelli Erwin Pavel , Ciardulli Maria Camilla , Giudice Valentina , Scala Pasqualina , Vitolo Rosa , Dale Tina Patricia , Selleri Carmine , Forsyth Nicholas Robert , Maffulli Nicola , Della Porta Giovanna
Published: September 2022

In this study, chondrogenic potentials of 3D high-density cultures of Bone Marrow (BM) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was investigated by chondrogenesis- and cytokine-related gene expression over a 16-day culture period supplemented with human transforming growth factor (hTGF)-β1 at 10 ng/ml. In BM-MSC 3D models, a marked upregulation of chondrogenesis-related genes, such as SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN (all p < 0.05) and formation of spherical pellets with structured type II collagen fibers were observed. Similarly, WJ-based high-density culture appeared higher in size and more regular in shape, with a significant overexpression of COL2A1 and ACAN (all p < 0.05) at day 16. Moreover, a similar upregulation trend was documented for IL-6 and IL-10 expression in both BM and WJ 3D systems. In conclusion, MSC-based high-density cultures can be considered a promising in vitro model of cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Moreover, our data support the use of WJ-MSCs as a valid alternative for chondrogenic commitment of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Energetic electron irradiations of amorphous and crystalline sulphur-bearing astrochemical ices
Authors: Mifsud Duncan V. , Herczku Péter , Rácz Richárd , Rahul K. K. , Kovács Sándor T. S. , Juhász Zoltán , Sulik Béla , Biri Sándor , McCullough Robert W. , Kaňuchová Zuzana , Ioppolo Sergio , Hailey Perry A. , Mason Nigel J.
Published: September 2022

Laboratory experiments have confirmed that the radiolytic decay rate of astrochemical ice analogues is dependent upon the solid phase of the target ice, with some crystalline molecular ices being more radio-resistant than their amorphous counterparts. The degree of radio-resistance exhibited by crystalline ice phases is dependent upon the nature, strength, and extent of the intermolecular interactions that characterise their solid structure. For example, it has been shown that crystalline CH3OH decays at a significantly slower rate when irradiated by 2 keV electrons at 20 K than does the amorphous phase due to the stabilising effect imparted by the presence of an extensive array of strong hydrogen bonds. These results have important consequences for the astrochemistry of interstellar ices and outer Solar System bodies, as they imply that the chemical products arising from the irradiation of amorphous ices (which may include prebiotic molecules relevant to biology) should be more abundant than those arising from similar irradiations of crystalline phases. In this present study, we have extended our work on this subject by performing comparative energetic electron irradiations of the amorphous and crystalline phases of the sulphur-bearing molecules H2S and SO2 at 20 K. We have found evidence for phase-dependent chemistry in both these species, with the radiation-induced exponential decay of amorphous H2S being more rapid than that of the crystalline phase, similar to the effect that has been previously observed for CH3OH. For SO2, two fluence regimes are apparent: a low-fluence regime in which the crystalline ice exhibits a rapid exponential decay while the amorphous ice possibly resists decay, and a high-fluence regime in which both phases undergo slow exponential-like decays. We have discussed our results in the contexts of interstellar and Solar System ice astrochemistry and the formation of sulphur allotropes and residues in these settings.
Forced convection of non-darcy flow of ethylene glycol conveying copper(II) oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles subject to lorentz force on wedges: Non-newtonian casson model
Authors: Naik Parvaiz Ahmad , Indumathi N. , Ganga B. , Charles S. , Hakeem A. K. Abdul , Iqbal Zahoor , Tag-ElDin ElSayed , Zu Jian
Published: September 2022

The topic of two-dimensional steady laminar MHD boundary layer flow across a wedge with non-Newtonian hybrid nanoliquid (CuO-TiO2/C2H6O2) with viscous dissipation and radiation is taken into consideration. The controlling partial differential equations have been converted to non-linear higher-order ordinary differential equations using the appropriate similarity transformations. It is demonstrated that a number of thermo-physical characteristics govern the transmuted model. The issue is then mathematically resolved. When the method’s accuracy is compared to results that have already been published, an excellent agreement is found. While the thermal distribution increases with an increase in Eckert number, radiation and porosity parameters, the velocity distribution decreases as porosity increases.
Recent developments in the design and synthesis of benzylpyridinium salts: Mimicking donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sepehri Saghi , Saeedi Mina , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an advanced and irreversible degenerative disease of the brain, recognized as the key reason for dementia among elderly people. The disease is related to the reduced level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain that interferes with memory, learning, emotional, and behavior responses. Deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission are responsible for the creation and progression of numerous neurochemical and neurological illnesses such as AD.

Aim: Herein, focusing on the fact that benzylpyridinium salts mimic the structure of donepezil hydrochlorideas a FDA-approved drug in the treatment of AD, their synthetic approaches and inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (ChEs) were discussed. Also, molecular docking results and structure–activity relationship (SAR) as the most significant concept in drug design and development were considered to introduce potential lead compounds. Key scientific concepts: AChE plays a chief role in the end of nerve impulse transmission at the cholinergic synapses. In this respect, the inhibition of AChE has been recognized as a key factor in the treatment of AD, Parkinson’s disease, senile dementia, myasthenia gravis, and ataxia. A few drugs such as donepezil hydrochloride are prescribed for the improvement of cognitive dysfunction and memory loss caused by AD. Donepezil hydrochloride is a piperidine-containing compound, identified as a well-known member of the second generation of AChE inhibitors. It was established to treat AD when it was assumed that the disease is associated with a central cholinergic loss in the early 1980s. In this review, synthesis and anti-ChE activity of a library of benzylpyridinium salts were reported and discussed based on SAR studies looking for the most potent substituents and moieties, which are responsible for inducing the desired activity even more potent than donepezil. It was found that linking heterocyclic moieties to the benzylpyridinium salts leads to the potent ChE inhibitors. In this respect, this review focused on the recent reports on benzylpyridinium salts and addressed the structural features and SARs to get an in-depth understanding of the potential of this biologically improved scaffold in the drug discovery of AD.
Facile synthesis, crystal structure, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of N-((4-acetyl phenyl) carbamothioyl) pivalamide as the multitarget-directed ligand
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Khalid Aqsa , Channar Pervaiz Ali , Aziz Mubashir , Wani Tanveer A. , Zargar Seema , Hassan Sidra , Ismail Hammad , Khalid Dania , Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar , Hökelek Tuncer , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde
Published: September 2022

The crystal structure of N-((4-acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)pivalamide (3) was synthesized by inert refluxing pivaloyl isothiocyanate (2) and 4-aminoacetophenone in dry acetone. The spectroscopic characterization (1H-NMR, 13CNMR, FT-IR) and single crystal assays determined the structure of synthesized compound (3). Systematic experimental and theoretical studies were conducted to determine the molecular characteristics of the synthesized crystal. The biological examination of (3) was conducted against a variety of enzymes i.e., acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyl cholinesterase (BChE), alpha amylase, and urease enzyme were evaluated. The crystal exhibited approximately 85% enzyme inhibition activity against BChE and AChE, but only 73.8 % and 57.9% inhibition activity against urease and alpha amylase was observed respectively. The theoretical calculations were conducted using density functional theory studies (DFTs) with the 6–31G (d, p) basis set and B3LYP functional correlation. The Frontier molecular orbital analysis revealed that the HOMO/LUMO energy gap was smaller, which corresponds to the molecule’s reactivity. In terms of reactivity, the chemical softness value was found to be in good agreement with experimental values. In Crystal structure analysis, the intramolecular N—H•••O hydrogen bond generates a S 6) ring motif and N—H•••O interactions exist in crystal structure between the centroids of neighboring parallel aromatic (C4-C9) rings with a centroid to centroid distance of 3.9766 (7)Å. These intermolecular interactions were useful in structural stabilization. The Hirshfeld surfaces and their related two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used for thorough investigation of intermolecular interactions. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure the most substantial contributions to the crystal packing are from H ••• O and H ••• N/N ••• H interactions. Molecular docking studies were conducted to evaluate the binding orientation of synthesized crystal with multiple targets. The compound exhibited stronger interactions with AChE and BChE with binding energies of -7.5 and -7.6 kcal/mol, respectively. On the basis of in-vitro and in-silico findings, it is deduced that N-((4-acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)pivalamide 3) possesses reactive and potent multiple target inhibitory properties.
Green synthesis of metalloid nanoparticles and its biological applications: A review
Authors: Roy Arpita , Datta Shreeja , Luthra Ritika , Khan Muhammad Arshad , Gacem Amel , Hasan Mohd Abul , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Ahn Yongtae , Jeon Byong-Hun
Published: September 2022

Synthesis of metalloid nanoparticles using biological-based fabrication has become an efficient alternative surpassing the existing physical and chemical approaches because there is a need for developing safer, more reliable, cleaner, and more eco-friendly methods for their preparation. Over the last few years, the biosynthesis of metalloid nanoparticles using biological materials has received increased attention due to its pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental applications. Biosynthesis using bacterial, fungal, and plant agents has appeared as a faster developing domain in bio-based nanotechnology globally along with other biological entities, thus posing as an option for conventional physical as well as chemical methods. These agents can efficiently produce environment-friendly nanoparticles with the desired composition, morphology (shape as well as size), and stability, along with homogeneity. Besides this, metalloid nanoparticles possess various applications like antibacterial by damaging bacterial cell membranes, anticancer due to damaging tumour sites, targeted drug delivery, drug testing, and diagnostic roles. This review summarizes the various studies associated with the biosynthesis of metalloid particles, namely, tellurium, arsenic, silicon, boron, and antimony, along with their therapeutic, pharmaceutical and environmental applications.
Risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed by metagenomics next-generation sequencing
Authors: Hou Jun-Na , Liu Heng-Dao , Tan Qiu-Yue , Cao Feng-An , Wang Shi-Lei , Yao Meng-Ying , Zhao Yang-Chao
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) test is useful for rapid and accurate detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) patients with mNGS-assisted diagnosis.

Methods

Our study enrolled 154 patients with mNGS-positive PCP from August 2018 to February 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University respectively. Patients were divided into the survivor group (n=98) and the death group (n=56) according to whether in-hospital death occurred. Baseline characteristics, patients’ pre-hospital symptoms and patients’ CT imaging performance during hospitalization were carefully compared between the two groups. Risk factors for the occurrence of in-hospital death were sought by selecting indicators that were significantly different between the two groups for modelling and performing multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Compared with the in-hospital death patients, the survivors were younger and had higher levels of albumin (ALB) (age: 50.29 ± 14.63 years vs 59.39 ± 12.27 years, p<0.001; ALB: 32.24 ± 5.62 g/L vs 29.34 ± 5.42g/L, p=0.002; respectively), while the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein CRP were lower (LDH: 574.67 ± 421.24 U/L vs 960.80 ± 714.94 U/L, p=0.001; CRP: 54.97 ± 55.92 mg/L vs80.45 ± 73.26 mg/L, p=0.018; respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, the baseline LDH and CRP levels were all positively associated with high in-hospital mortality [age: OR(95%CI): 1.115 (1.062-1.172), p<0.001; LDH: OR(95%CI): 1.002 (1.001-1.003), p<0.001; CRP: OR(95%CI): 1.008 (1.000-1.017), p=0.045; respectively] while the platelet counts was negatively associated with it [OR(95%CI): 0.986 (0.979-0.992), p<0.001].

Conclusions

Old age, high baseline levels of LDH and CRP and low platelet counts were risk factors of the in-hospital mortality in mNGS positive PCP patients.
Motion iconicity in prosody
Authors: Ekström Axel G. , Nirme Jens , Gärdenfors Peter
Published: September 2022

Evidence suggests that human non-verbal speech may be rich in iconicity. Here, we report results from two experiments aimed at testing whether perception of increasing and decliningf0can be iconically mapped onto motion events. We presented a sample of mixed-nationality participants (N= 118) with sets of two videos, where one pictured upward movement and the other downward movement. A disyllabic non-sense word prosodically resynthesized as increasing or declining inf0was presented simultaneously with each video in a pair, and participants were tasked with guessing which of the two videos the word described. Results indicate that prosody is iconically associated with motion, such that motion-prosody congruent pairings were more readily selected than incongruent pairings (p< 0.033). However, the effect observed in our sample was primarily driven by selections of words with decliningf0. A follow-up experiment with native Turkish speaking participants (N= 92) tested for the effect of language-specific metaphor for auditory pitch. Results showed no significant association between prosody and motion. Limitations of the experiment, and some implications for the motor theory of speech perception, and “gestural origins” theories of language evolution, are discussed.
The taxonomic basis of subspecies listed as threatened and endangered under the endangered species act
Authors: Zink Robert M. , Klicka Luke B.
Published: September 2022

More than 170 subspecies are listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Most of these subspecies were described decades ago on the basis of geographical variation in morphology using relatively primitive taxonomic methods. The US Fish and Wildlife Service defaults to subspecies descriptions by taxonomists working with specific groups of organisms, but there is no single definition of subspecies across plants and animals. Valid tests today usually entail molecular analyses of variation within and among populations, although there is no reason that behavioral, ecological or molecular characters could not be used, and include tests for significant differences between samples of the putative endangered subspecies and its nearest geographic relatives. We evaluated data gathered since subspecies listed under the ESA were described finding about one-third are valid (distinct evolutionary taxa), one-third are not, and one-third have not been tested. Therefore, it should not be assumed that because a subspecies occurs in a checklist, it is taxonomically valid. If the US Fish and Wildlife Service intends to continue listing subspecies, we suggest that they convene taxonomic experts representing various groups of organisms to provide a minimal set of criteria for a subspecies to be listed under the ESA.
Small-diameter bacterial cellulose-based vascular grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting in a pig model
Authors: Fusco Deborah , Meissner Florian , Podesser Bruno K. , Marsano Anna , Grapow Martin , Eckstein Friedrich , Winkler Bernhard
Published: September 2022

Surgical revascularization is the gold standard in most cases of complex coronary artery disease. For coronary artery bypass grafting, autologous grafts are state-of-the-art due to their long-term patency. A non-negligible amount of patients lack suitable bypass material as a result of concomitant diseases or previous interventions. As a promising alternative, tissue-engineered vascular grafts made of biomaterials such as bacterial cellulose (BC) are gaining more and more attention. However, the production of small-diameter grafts (inner diameter < 6 mm) of application-oriented length (> 5 cm) and their in vivo long-term patency remain challenging. In this study, grafts of 20 cm in length with an inner diameter of 3 mm were generated in a custom-made bioreactor. To potentially improve graft compliance and, therefore in vivo patency, BC was combined with an embedded cobalt–chromium mesh. The grafts were designed for in vivo endothelialization and specific surgical properties and implanted as an aortocoronary bypass in a left anterior descending occluded pig model (n = 8). Coronary angiography showed complete patency postoperatively at 4 weeks. Following 4 weeks in vivo, the grafts were explanted revealing a three-layered wall structure. Grafts were colonized by smooth muscle cells and a luminal layer of endothelial cells with early formation of vasa privata indicating functional remodeling. These encouraging findings in a large animal model reveal the great potential of small-diameter BC grafts for coronary and peripheral bypass grafting.
Platelet-derived TGF-β1 is related to portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis by promoting hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Jiang Siyu , Ai Yingjie , Ni Liyuan , Wu Ling , Huang Xiaoquan , Chen Shiyao
Published: September 2022

Background

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a serious complication of cirrhosis accompanied by unclear pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been implicated in atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis whereas study regarding its part in PVT is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the role of cytokine TGF-β1 in PVT and the potential mechanism.

Materials and methods

We included patients with cirrhotic gastroesophageal varices and divided them into two groups according to the presence of PVT. Serum levels of TGF-β1 were detected using Cytometric Bead Array kit and compared between two groups. Coagulation status was assessed using thromboelastography (TEG). Primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells were treated with TGF-β1 and evaluated for endothelial dysfunction by RT-PCR.

Results

Our results uncovered that TGF-β1 (6,866.55 vs. 3,840.60 pg/ml, P = 0.015) significantly increased in the PVT group. Splenectomy might promote PVT by increasing platelet-derived TGF-β1 levels. Other cytokines showed no difference between PVT and non-PVT groups. Besides, TGF-β1 was correlated with platelet, fibrinogen, TEG-CI, TEG-MA, and TEG-α (coef = 0.733, 0.494, 0.604, 0.608, and 0.511; P < 0.001, 0.027, 0.004, 0.004, and 0.021, respectively), which indicated a hypercoagulable state in PVT patients. RT-PCR of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells showed a markable increment of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), thrombomodulin(TM), intercellular adhesion moleclar-1(ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) after TGF-β1 treatment, suggesting the involvement of endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusion

Elevated platelet-derived TGF-β1 exhibited association with hypercoagulability and promoting effect on endothelial dysfunction, closely related with PVT in cirrhotic patients.
Developing progress monitoring measures: Parallel test construction from the item-up
Authors: Ketterlin-Geller Leanne R. , Sparks Anthony , McMurrer Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Progress monitoring is a process of collecting ongoing samples of student work and tracking performance of individual students over time. Progress monitoring involves administering parallel sets of items to the same student on a regular basis (at least monthly) that are sensitive to changes in the student’s understanding based on instruction. The sets of items administered over time should be parallel in difficulty so that differences in performance can be attributed to differences in the student’s understanding as opposed to variability in item difficulty across sets. In this manuscript, we describe an approach to designing items that controls item-level variability by constraining the item features that may elicit different cognitive processing. This approach adapts the principles of Automated Item Generation (AIG) and includes carefully designing test specifications, isolating specific components of the content that will be assessed, creating item models to serve as templates, duplicating the templates to create parallel item clones, and verifying that the duplicated item clones align with the original item model. An example from an operational progress monitoring system for mathematics in Kindergarten through Grade 6 is used to illustrate the process. We also propose future studies to empirically evaluate the assertion of parallel form difficulty.
Fail, flip, fix, and feed – Rethinking flipped learning: A review of meta-analyses and a subsequent meta-analysis
Authors: Kapur Manu , Hattie John , Grossman Irina , Sinha Tanmay
Published: September 2022

The current levels of enthusiasm for flipped learning are not commensurate with and far exceed the vast variability of scientific evidence in its favor. We examined 46 meta-analyses only to find remarkably different overall effects, raising the question about possible moderators and confounds, showing the need to control for the nature of the intervention. We then conducted a meta-analysis of 173 studies specifically coding the nature of the flipped implementation. In contrast to many claims, most in-class sessions are not modified based on the flipped implementation. Furthermore, it was flipping followed by a more traditional class and not active learning that was more effective. Drawing on related research, we proposed a more specific model for flipping, “Fail, Flip, Fix, and Feed” whereby students are asked to first engage in generating solutions to novel problems even if they fail to generate the correct solutions, before receiving instructions.