bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte-Specific Activation of PERK Signaling Protects Mice against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Lin Wensheng , Lin Yifeng , Li Jin , Fenstermaker Ali G. , Way Sharon W. , Clayton Benjamin , Jamison Stephanie , Harding Heather P. , Ron David , Popko Brian
Published: April 2013

There is compelling evidence that oligodendrocyte apoptosis, in response to CNS inflammation, contributes significantly to the development of the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Therefore, approaches designed to protect oligodendrocytes would likely have therapeutic value. Activation of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress increases cell survival under various cytotoxic conditions. Moreover, there is evidence that PERK signaling is activated in oligodendrocytes within demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis and EAE. Our previous study demonstrated that CNS delivery of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ before EAE onset protected mice against EAE, and this protection was dependent on PERK signaling. In our current study, we sought to elucidate the role of PERK signaling in oligodendrocytes during EAE. We generated transgenic mice that allow for temporally controlled activation of PERK signaling, in the absence of ER stress, specifically in oligodendrocytes. We demonstrated that persistent activation of PERK signaling was not deleterious to oligodendrocyte viability or the myelin of adult animals. Importantly, we found that enhanced activation of PERK signaling specifically in oligodendrocytes significantly attenuated EAE disease severity, which was associated with reduced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. This effect was not the result of an altered degree of the inflammatory response in EAE mice. Our results provide direct evidence that activation of PERK signaling in oligodendrocytes is cytoprotective, protecting mice against EAE.
Fgf10-Expressing Tanycytes Add New Neurons to the Appetite/Energy-Balance Regulating Centers of the Postnatal and Adult Hypothalamus
Authors: Haan Niels , Goodman Timothy , Najdi-Samiei Alaleh , Stratford Christina M. , Rice Ritva , El Agha Elie , Bellusci Saverio , Hajihosseini Mohammad K.
Published: April 2013

Increasing evidence suggests that neurogenesis occurs in the postnatal and adult mammalian hypothalamus. However, the identity and location of the putative progenitor cells is under much debate, and little is known about the dynamics of neurogenesis in unchallenged brain. Previously, we postulated that Fibroblast growth factor 10-expressing (Fgf10+) tanycytes constitute a population of progenitor cells in the mouse hypothalamus. Here, we show that Fgf10+tanycytes express markers of neural stem/progenitor cells, divide late into postnatal life, and can generate both neurons and astrocytesin vivo. Stage-specific lineage-tracing of Fgf10+tanycytes using Fgf10-creERT2 mice, reveals robust neurogenesis at postnatal day 28 (P28), lasting as late as P60. Furthermore, we present evidence for amplification of Fgf10-lineage traced neural cells within the hypothalamic parenchyma itself. The neuronal descendants of Fgf10+tanycytes predominantly populate the arcuate nucleus, a subset of which express the orexigenic neuronal marker, Neuropeptide-Y, and respond to fasting and leptin-induced signaling. These studies provide direct evidence in support of hypothalamic neurogenesis during late postnatal and adult life, and identify Fgf10+tanycytes as a source of parenchymal neurons with putative roles in appetite and energy balance.
Histone Deacetylase 2 Cell Autonomously Suppresses Excitatory and Enhances Inhibitory Synaptic Function in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Hanson Jesse E. , Deng Lunbin , Hackos David H. , Lo Shih-Ching , Lauffer Benjamin E. , Steiner Pascal , Zhou Qiang
Published: April 2013

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) negatively regulates excitatory synapse number and memory performance. However, whether HDAC2 regulation of excitatory synapses occurs in a cell-autonomous manner and whether HDAC2 regulates inhibitory synaptic functions are not well understood. To examine these aspects of HDAC2 function, we used sparse transfection of rat hippocampal slice cultures and whole-cell recordings in pyramidal neurons. HDAC2 knockdown (KD) in single postsynaptic pyramidal neurons enhanced, whereas HDAC2 overexpression (OE) reduced, excitatory synaptic transmission. Postsynaptic KD of HDAC2 also facilitated expression of long-term potentiation induced by subthreshold induction stimuli, without altering long-term depression. In contrast, HDAC2 KD reduced, whereas HDAC2 OE enhanced, inhibitory synaptic transmission. Alterations of postsynaptic GABAAreceptors (GABAARs) likely underlie the impact of HDAC2 on inhibitory transmission. Consistent with this, we observed reduced transcript and protein levels of the GABAAR γ2 subunit and reduced surface expression of the α2 subunit after HDAC2 KD. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in synaptic but not tonic GABAAR currents by HDAC2 KD, suggesting that HDAC2 selectively affects synaptic abundance of functional GABAARs. Immunostaining for postsynaptic GABAARs confirmed that HDAC2 KD and OE can regulate the synaptic abundance of these receptors. Together, these results highlight a role for HDAC2 in suppressing synaptic excitation and enhancing synaptic inhibition of hippocampal neurons. Therefore, a shift in the balance of synaptic excitation versus inhibition favoring excitation could contribute to the beneficial effects of reducing HDAC2 function in wild-type mice or of inhibiting HDACs in models of cognitive impairment.
Multifeatural Shape Processing in Rats Engaged in Invariant Visual Object Recognition
Authors: Alemi-Neissi Alireza , Rosselli Federica Bianca , Zoccolan Davide
Published: April 2013

The ability to recognize objects despite substantial variation in their appearance (e.g., because of position or size changes) represents such a formidable computational feat that it is widely assumed to be unique to primates. Such an assumption has restricted the investigation of its neuronal underpinnings to primate studies, which allow only a limited range of experimental approaches. In recent years, the increasingly powerful array of optical and molecular tools that has become available in rodents has spurred a renewed interest for rodent models of visual functions. However, evidence of primate-like visual object processing in rodents is still very limited and controversial. Here we show that rats are capable of an advanced recognition strategy, which relies on extracting the most informative object features across the variety of viewing conditions the animals may face. Rat visual strategy was uncovered by applying an image masking method that revealed the features used by the animals to discriminate two objects across a range of sizes, positions, in-depth, and in-plane rotations. Noticeably, rat recognition relied on a combination of multiple features that were mostly preserved across the transformations the objects underwent, and largely overlapped with the features that a simulated ideal observer deemed optimal to accomplish the discrimination task. These results indicate that rats are able to process and efficiently use shape information, in a way that is largely tolerant to variation in object appearance. This suggests that their visual system may serve as a powerful model to study the neuronal substrates of object recognition.
Entorhinal Stellate Cells Show Preferred Spike Phase-Locking to Theta Inputs That Is Enhanced by Correlations in Synaptic Activity
Authors: Fernandez Fernando R. , Malerba Paola , Bressloff Paul C. , White John A.
Published: April 2013

In active networks, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs generate membrane voltage fluctuations that drive spike activity in a probabilistic manner. Despite this, some cellsin vivoshow a strong propensity to precisely lock to the local field potential and maintain a specific spike-phase relationship relative to other cells. In recordings from rat medial entorhinal cortical stellate cells, we measured spike phase-locking in response to sinusoidal “test” inputs in the presence of different forms of background membrane voltage fluctuations, generated via dynamic clamp. We find that stellate cells show strong and robust spike phase-locking to theta (4–12 Hz) inputs. This response occurs under a wide variety of background membrane voltage fluctuation conditions that include a substantial increase in overall membrane conductance. Furthermore, theIHcurrent present in stellate cells is critical to the enhanced spike phase-locking response at theta. Finally, we show that correlations between inhibitory and excitatory conductance fluctuations, which can arise through feedback and feedforward inhibition, can substantially enhance the spike phase-locking response. The enhancement in locking is a result of a selective reduction in the size of low-frequency membrane voltage fluctuations due to cancellation of inhibitory and excitatory current fluctuations with correlations. Hence, our results demonstrate that stellate cells have a strong preference for spike phase-locking to theta band inputs and that the absolute magnitude of locking to theta can be modulated by the properties of background membrane voltage fluctuations.
Na+Channel-Dependent Recruitment of Navβ4 to Axon Initial Segments and Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Buffington Shelly A. , Rasband Matthew N.
Published: April 2013

The axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier are the sites of action potential initiation and regeneration in axons. Although the basic molecular architectures of AIS and nodes, characterized by dense clusters of Na+and K+channels, are similar, firing patterns vary among cell types. Neuronal firing patterns are established by the collective activity of voltage-gated ion channels and can be modulated through interaction with auxiliary subunits. Here, we report the neuronal expression pattern and subcellular localization of Navβ4, the modulatory Na+channel subunit thought to underlie resurgent Na+current. Immunostaining of rat tissues revealed that Navβ4 is strongly enriched at the AIS of a select set of neuron types, including many characterized by high-frequency firing, and at nodes of Ranvier in the PNS and some nodes in the CNS. By introducing full-length and mutant GFP-tagged Navβ4 into cultured neurons, we determined that the AIS and nodal localization of Navβ4 depends on its direct interaction with Na+channel α subunits through an extracellular disulfide bond. Based on these results, we propose that differences in the specific composition of the Na+channel complexes enriched at the AIS and nodes contribute to the diverse physiologies observed among cell types.
Hyperpolarization Induces a Long-Term Increase in the Spontaneous Firing Rate of Cerebellar Golgi Cells
Authors: Hull Court A. , Chu YunXiang , Thanawala Monica , Regehr Wade G.
Published: April 2013

Golgi cells (GoCs) are inhibitory interneurons that influence the cerebellar cortical response to sensory input by regulating the excitability of the granule cell layer. While GoC inhibition is essential for normal motor coordination, little is known about the circuit dynamics that govern the activity of these cells. In particular, although GoC spontaneous spiking influences the extent of inhibition and gain throughout the granule cell layer, it is not known whether this spontaneous activity can be modulated in a long-term manner. Here we describe a form of long-term plasticity that regulates the spontaneous firing rate of GoCs in the rat cerebellar cortex. We find that membrane hyperpolarization, either by mGluR2 activation of potassium channels, or by somatic current injection, induces a long-lasting increase in GoC spontaneous firing. This spike rate plasticity appears to result from a strong reduction in the spike after hyperpolarization. Pharmacological manipulations suggest the involvement of calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II and calcium-activated potassium channels in mediating these firing rate increases. As a consequence of this plasticity, GoC spontaneous spiking is selectively enhanced, but the gain of evoked spiking is unaffected. Hence, this plasticity is well suited for selectively regulating the tonic output of GoCs rather than their sensory-evoked responses.
Functional Characterization of the Extraclassical Receptive Field in Macaque V1: Contrast, Orientation, and Temporal Dynamics
Authors: Henry Christopher A. , Joshi Siddhartha , Xing Dajun , Shapley Robert M. , Hawken Michael J.
Published: April 2013

Neurons in primary visual cortex, V1, very often have extraclassical receptive fields (eCRFs). The eCRF is defined as the region of visual space where stimuli cannot elicit a spiking response but can modulate the response of a stimulus in the classical receptive field (CRF). We investigated the dependence of the eCRF on stimulus contrast and orientation in macaque V1 cells for which the laminar location was determined. The eCRF was more sensitive to contrast than the CRF across the whole population of V1 cells with the greatest contrast differential in layer 2/3. We confirmed that many V1 cells experience stronger suppression for collinear than orthogonal stimuli in the eCRF. Laminar analysis revealed that the predominant bias for collinear suppression was found in layers 2/3 and 4b. The laminar pattern of contrast and orientation dependence suggests that eCRF suppression may derive from different neural circuits in different layers, and may be comprised of two distinct components: orientation-tuned and untuned suppression. On average tuned suppression was delayed by ∼25 ms compared with the onset of untuned suppression. Therefore, response modulation by the eCRF develops dynamically and rapidly in time.
Toward High Performance, Weakly Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces Using Selective Visual Attention
Authors: Rotermund David , Ernst Udo A. , Mandon Sunita , Taylor Katja , Smiyukha Yulia , Kreiter Andreas K. , Pawelzik Klaus R.
Published: April 2013

Brain–computer interfaces have been proposed as a solution for paralyzed persons to communicate and interact with their environment. However, the neural signals used for controlling such prostheses are often noisy and unreliable, resulting in a low performance of real-world applications. Here we propose neural signatures of selective visual attention in epidural recordings as a fast, reliable, and high-performance control signal for brain prostheses. We recorded epidural field potentials with chronically implanted electrode arrays from two macaque monkeys engaged in a shape-tracking task. For single trials, we classified the direction of attention to one of two visual stimuli based on spectral amplitude, coherence, and phase difference in time windows fixed relative to stimulus onset. Classification performances reached up to 99.9%, and the information about attentional states could be transferred at rates exceeding 580 bits/min. Good classification can already be achieved in time windows as short as 200 ms. The classification performance changed dynamically over the trial and modulated with the task's varying demands for attention. For all three signal features, the information about the direction of attention was contained in the γ-band. The most informative feature was spectral amplitude. Together, these findings establish a novel paradigm for constructing brain prostheses as, for example, virtual spelling boards, promising a major gain in performance and robustness for human brain–computer interfaces.
Triple Cysteine Module within M-Type K+Channels Mediates Reciprocal Channel Modulation by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Ooi Lezanne , Gigout Sylvain , Pettinger Louisa , Gamper Nikita
Published: April 2013

We have identified a new signaling role for nitric oxide (NO) in neurons from the trigeminal ganglia (TG). We show that in rat sensory neurons from the TG the NO donor,S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine, inhibited M-current. This inhibitory effect was blocked by NO scavenging, while inhibition of NO synthases increased M-current, suggesting that tonic NO levels inhibit M-current in TG neurons. Moreover NO increased neuronal excitability and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and these effects could be prevented by perturbing M-channel function. First, NO-induced depolarization was prevented by pre-application of the M-channel blocker XE991 and second, NO-induced increase in CGRP release was prevented by incubation with the M-channel opener retigabine. We investigated the mechanism of the effects of NO on M-channels and identified a site of action of NO to be the redox modulatory site at the triplet of cysteines within the cytosolic linker between transmembrane domains 2 and 3, which is also a site of oxidative modification of M-channels by reactive oxygen species (ROS). NO and oxidative modifications have opposing effects on M-current, suggesting that a tightly controlled local redox and NO environment will exert fine control over M-channel activity and thus neuronal excitability. Together our data have identified a dynamic redox sensor within neuronal M-channels, which mediates reciprocal regulation of channel activity by NO and ROS. This sensor may play an important role in mediating excitatory effects of NO in such trigeminal disorders as headache and migraine.
Proliferation and Cell Cycle Dynamics in the Developing Stellate Ganglion
Authors: Gonsalvez David G. , Cane Kylie N. , Landman Kerry A. , Enomoto Hideki , Young Heather M. , Anderson Colin R.
Published: April 2013

Cell proliferation during nervous system development is poorly understood outside the mouse neocortex. We measured cell cycle dynamics in the embryonic mouse sympathetic stellate ganglion, where neuroblasts continue to proliferate following neuronal differentiation. At embryonic day (E) 9.5, when neural crest-derived cells were migrating and coalescing into the ganglion primordium, all cells were cycling, cell cycle length was only 10.6 h, and S-phase comprised over 65% of the cell cycle; these values are similar to those previously reported for embryonic stem cells. At E10.5, Sox10+cells lengthened their cell cycle to 38 h and reduced the length of S-phase. As cells started to express the neuronal markers Tuj1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) at E10.5, they exited the cell cycle. At E11.5, when >80% of cells in the ganglion were Tuj1+/TH+neuroblasts, all cells were again cycling. Neuroblast cell cycle length did not change significantly after E11.5, and 98% of Sox10−/TH+cells had exited the cell cycle by E18.5. The cell cycle length of Sox10+/TH−cells increased during late embryonic development, and ∼25% were still cycling at E18.5. Loss ofRetincreased neuroblast cell cycle length at E16.5 and decreased the number of neuroblasts at E18.5. A mathematical model generated from our data successfully predicted the relative change in proportions of neuroblasts and non-neuroblasts in wild-type mice. Our results show that, like other neurons, sympathetic neuron differentiation is associated with exit from the cell cycle; sympathetic neurons are unusual in that they then re-enter the cell cycle before later permanently exiting.
BDNF Regulates Rab11-Mediated Recycling Endosome Dynamics to Induce Dendritic Branching
Authors: Lazo Oscar M. , Gonzalez Andrés , Ascaño Maria , Kuruvilla Rejji , Couve Andrés , Bronfman Francisca C.
Published: April 2013

Dendritic arborization of neurons is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) together with its receptor, TrkB. Endocytosis is required for dendritic branching and regulates TrkB signaling, but how postendocytic trafficking determines the neuronal response to BDNF is not well understood. The monomeric GTPase Rab11 regulates the dynamics of recycling endosomes and local delivery of receptors to specific dendritic compartments. We investigated whether Rab11-dependent trafficking of TrkB in dendrites regulates BDNF-induced dendritic branching in rat hippocampal neurons. We report that TrkB in dendrites is a cargo for Rab11 endosomes and that both Rab11 and its effector, MyoVb, are required for BDNF/TrkB-induced dendritic branching. In addition, BDNF induces the accumulation of Rab11-positive endosomes and GTP-bound Rab11 in dendrites and the expression of a constitutively active mutant of Rab11 is sufficient to increase dendritic branching by increasing TrkB localization in dendrites and enhancing sensitization to endogenous BDNF. We propose that Rab11-dependent dendritic recycling provides a mechanism to retain TrkB in dendrites and to increase local signaling to regulate arborization.
PPARα Regulates Cholinergic-Driven Activity of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons via a Novel Mechanism Involving α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Melis Miriam , Scheggi Simona , Carta Gianfranca , Madeddu Camilla , Lecca Salvatore , Luchicchi Antonio , Cadeddu Francesca , Frau Roberto , Fattore Liana , Fadda Paola , Ennas M. Grazia , Castelli M. Paola , Fratta Walter , Schilstrom Bjorn , Banni Sebastiano , De Montis M. Graziella , Pistis Marco
Published: April 2013

Ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons control reward-driven learning, and their dysregulation can lead to psychiatric disorders. Tonic and phasic activity of these dopaminergic neurons depends on cholinergic tone and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), particularly those containing the β2 subunit (β2*-nAChRs). Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type-α (PPARα) tonically regulate β2*-nAChRs and thereby control dopamine neuron firing activity. However, it is unknown how and when PPARα endogenous ligands are synthesized by dopamine cells. Usingex vivoandin vivoelectrophysiological techniques combined with biochemical and behavioral analysis, we show that activation of α7-nAChRs increases in the rat VTA both the tyrosine phosphorylation of the β2 subunit of nAChRs and the levels of two PPARα endogenous ligands in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Accordingly,in vivoproduction of endogenous PPARα ligands, triggered by α7-nAChR activation, blocks in rats nicotine-induced increased firing activity of dopamine neurons and displays antidepressant-like properties. These data demonstrate that endogenous PPARα ligands are effectors of α7-nAChRs and that their neuromodulatory properties depend on phosphorylation of β2*-nAChRs on VTA dopamine cells. This reveals an autoinhibitory mechanism aimed at reducing dopamine cell overexcitation engaged during hypercholinergic drive. Our results unveil important physiological functions of nAChR/PPARα signaling in dopamine neurons and how behavioral output can change after modifications of this signaling pathway. Overall, the present study suggests PPARα as new therapeutic targets for disorders associated with unbalanced dopamine–acetylcholine systems.
Anatomical Segregation of Visual Selection Mechanisms in Human Parietal Cortex
Authors: Capotosto Paolo , Tosoni Annalisa , Spadone Sara , Sestieri Carlo , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Romani Gian Luca , Della Penna Stefania , Corbetta Maurizio
Published: April 2013

Visual selection requires mechanisms for representing object salience and for shifting the focus of processing to novel objects. It is not clear from computational or neural models whether these operations are performed within the same or different brain regions. Here, we use repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to briefly interfere with neural activity in individually localized regions of human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) that are putatively involved in attending to contralateral locations or shifting attention between locations. Stimulation over right ventral intraparietal sulcus impaired target discrimination at contralateral locations, whereas stimulation over right medial superior parietal lobule impaired target discrimination after a shift of attention regardless of its location. This double dissociation is consistent with neuroimaging studies and indicates that mechanisms of visual selection are partly anatomically segregated in human PPC.
Body Posture Modulates Action Perception
Authors: Zimmermann Marius , Toni Ivan , de Lange Floris P.
Published: April 2013

Recent studies have highlighted cognitive and neural similarities between planning and perceiving actions. Given that action planning involves a simulation of potential action plans that depends on the actor's body posture, we reasoned that perceiving actions may also be influenced by one's body posture. Here, we test whether and how this influence occurs by measuring behavioral and cerebral (fMRI) responses in human participants predicting goals of observed actions, while manipulating postural congruency between their own body posture and postures of the observed agents. Behaviorally, predicting action goals is facilitated when the body posture of the observer matches the posture achieved by the observed agent at the end of his action (action's goal posture). Cerebrally, this perceptual postural congruency effect modulates activity in a portion of the left intraparietal sulcus that has previously been shown to be involved in updating neural representations of one's own limb posture during action planning. This intraparietal area showed stronger responses when the goal posture of the observed action did not match the current body posture of the observer. These results add two novel elements to the notion that perceiving actions relies on the same predictive mechanism as planning actions. First, the predictions implemented by this mechanism are based on the current physical configuration of the body. Second, during both action planning and action observation, these predictions pertain to the goal state of the action.
Orally efficacious novel small molecule 6-chloro-6-deoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-galloyl-α-d-glucopyranose selectively and potently stimulates insulin receptor and alleviates diabetes
Authors: Cao Yanyan , Li Yunsheng , Kim Jaekyung , Ren Yulin , Himmeldirk Klaus , Liu Yi , Qian Yanrong , Liu Fengming , Chen Xiaozhuo
Published: April 2013

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become an epidemic worldwide while T1D remains a great medical challenge. Insulin receptor (IR) signaling activators could alleviate hyperglycemia, reduce the burden on the pancreas, and contribute to prevention and treatment of both types of diabetes. Previously, we reported the synthesis and identification of a natural antidiabetic compound α-penta-galloyl-glucose (α-PGG). Subsequent studies led to the identification of an α-P6GG derivative, 6-chloro-6-deoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-galloyl-α-d-glucopyranose (6Cl-TGQ). Here, we report that 6Cl-TGQ not only induced rapid and long-lasting glucose uptake comparable to insulin in adipocytes but also reduced high blood glucose levels to near normal and significantly decreased plasma insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance performance in high-fat diet-induced T2D mice when administered orally at 5 mg/kg once every other day. Moreover, a single gavage of 6Cl-TGQ at 10 mg/kg induced rapid and sharp decline of blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced T1D mice. Our studies further indicated that 6Cl-TGQ activated IR signaling in cell models and insulin-responsive tissues of mice. 6Cl-TGQ-induced Akt phosphorylation was completely blocked by IR and PI3K inhibitors, while the induced glucose uptake was blocked by the same compounds and a Glut4 inhibitor. Receptor binding studies indicated that 6Cl-TGQ bound to IR with a higher affinity than α-PGG. Importantly, 6Cl-TGQ, unlike insulin, selectively induced phosphorylation of IR without activating IGF1R or its signaling and did not increase cancer cell proliferation. These results indicate that 6Cl-TGQ is a potent orally efficacious compound with low carcinogenic potential and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of T1D and T2D.
Perfil das ocorrências de politrauma em condutores motociclísticos atendidos pelo SAMU de Teresina-PI
Authors: Rezende Neta Dinah Sá , Alves Anne Karolinne e Silva , Leão Gustavo de Moura , Araújo André Alves de
Published: April 2013

O estudo objetivou investigar o perfil das ocorrências de politrauma em condutores motociclísticos atendidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência de Teresina-PI. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo e documental, mediante informações colhidas das fichas de atendimento desse serviço no ano de 2009. A coleta dos dados ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro e março do ano de 2010. As motocicletas envolveram-se em 84% dos acidentes, sendo os homens de 21 a 30 anos os mais acometidos. O final de semana e a zona urbana registraram mais casos. Destacaram-se os traumas musculoesqueléticos (59%). As vítimas alcoolizadas totalizaram 12%. A mortalidade correspondeu a 1%. Conclui-se ser imprescindível a adoção de medidas socioeducativas que garantam o comportamento adequado dos indivíduos no trânsito.
Cuidado ao idoso em Campinas-SP: estudo qualitativo com gestores e representantes políticos
Authors: Oliveira Déborah Cristina de , Silva Eliete Maria
Published: April 2013

O estudo busca identificar, descrever e analisar as práticas pertinentes à saúde do idoso na cidade de Campinas-SP, na perspectiva de representantes da saúde do idoso, tendo como base a Política Nacional de Saúde à Pessoa Idosa. Estudo qualitativo, com análise temática de conteúdo, na perspectiva de sujeitos que assumem funções estratégicas na condução da política direcionada ao idoso no município. A partir dos depoimentos dos sujeitos emergiram cinco temas centrais: tempos e lugares; condições de acesso; demandas da população; recursos humanos; promoção à saúde e prevenção de doenças e agravos; gestão. As práticas voltadas à saúde do idoso em Campinas estão em desenvolvimento e precisam ser avaliadas, ampliadas e sistematizadas, tanto nas questões estruturais de recursos humanos, financiamento e gestão, quanto na atenção direta ao idoso.
Implantação do Programa Saúde na escola em Fortaleza-CE: atuação de equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Santiago Lindelvania Matias de , Rodrigues Malvina Thaís Pacheco , Oliveira Junior Aldivan Dias de , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: April 2013

Este trabalho relata a experiência da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma escola pública em Fortaleza-CE. As atividades desenvolvidas incluíram seminário de implantação do PSE com os docentes e integrantes da ESF, oficinas com os estudantes, avaliação clinica e odontológica dos adolescentes e entrega de Cadernetas de Saúde do Adolescente. A implantação do PSE permitiu aos profissionais de saúde a percepção do seu papel social de educador e possibilitou aos adolescentes maior contato com a equipe da ESF. A aproximação entre escola e ESF é fundamental para ajudar os adolescentes a transformarem a informação científica em comportamentos saudáveis.
Water absorbent polymer in sugarcane crop
Authors: Marques Tadeu A. , Marques Patricia A. A. , Suriani Marcos W. , Santos Arleto T. dos , Mendonça Fernando C.
Published: April 2013

The water absorbent polymer effect on vegetative growth and production of Theoretical Recovery Sugar (TRS) of sugarcane cv. RB 86 7515 was evaluated on two field tests installed in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five repetitions. The polymer doses were 0; 4; 8 and 12 g m-1 of furrow (test 1) and 0; 1.4; 2.8 and 4.2 g m-1 of furrow (test 2). Test 1 (dec/2007 to may/2009) was implanted in a Distroferric Red Argisol soil in Presidente Prudente - State of São Paulo (SP), Brazil; and the test 2 (Aug/2008 to Aug/2009) was implanted in a Red Yellow Argisol soil in Lucélia - State of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. In test 2, there were no significant differences for any evaluated parameters. In both tests the polymer doses equal to or less than 4 g m-1 of furrow showed no significant effect on the evaluated parameters. In test 1, the polymer doses of 8 and 12 g m-1 of the conditioning polymer increased the number of tillers in stage II of development and led to the largest amount of straw. The gross income per hectare has positive relation with the polymer doses. The polymer had no significant effect on the sugarcane stems productivity and technological parameters.
Qualidade da água para irrigação de um córrego após receber efluente tratado de abate bovino
Authors: Thebaldi Michael S. , Sandri Delvio , Felisberto Alberto B. , Rocha Marco S. da , Avelino Neto Sebastião
Published: April 2013

A qualidade da água de irrigação é de fundamental importância para não comprometer a qualidade dos produtos e o funcionamento dos equipamentos de irrigação, especialmente quando são diluídos outros compostos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do lançamento de efluente de abate de bovinos tratado sobre a qualidade da água para fins de irrigação do Córrego Jurubatuba, Anápolis-GO. As amostras de efluente e água foram obtidas em seis diferentes dias e nos seguintes locais: na descarga do efluente tratado antes do lançamento no córrego -P1, 50 m a montante do ponto de descarga -P2, 50 m a jusante do ponto de descarga -P3 e 120 m a jusante do ponto de descarga -P4. Analisaram-se os sólidos dissolvidos, pH, ferro, dureza, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, manganês, RAS, boro e DBO. Constatou-se risco médio ou alto de entupimento de emissores pelo uso do efluente na irrigação localizada, quando foram considerados pH, sólidos dissolvidos, ferro, dureza e manganês. A água dos locais avaliados no Córrego Jurubatuba apresentou risco médio de entupimento e restrição de uso moderada em relação a problemas de infiltração de água no solo. Em todos os pontos avaliados, as concentrações de DBO foram superiores aos limites para irrigação de vegetais consumidos in natura e cozidos.
A educação contemporânea, o combate à pobreza e as demandas para o trabalho do assistente social: contribuições para este debate
Authors: Lessa Simone Eliza do Carmo
Published: April 2013

Apresentamos discussão sobre a complexa relação entre a educação como política pública e a vinculação do Serviço Social a ela, em especial, sua integração à escola pública, neste momento de crise do capital. Trata-se de um debate relevante e crescente que atrai muita atenção por seu aprofundamento recente e pela ampliação de vagas na área.
A produção do conhecimento nas Ciências Sociais e a provisoriedade da realidade material e simbólica
Authors: Osterne Maria do Socorro F. , Brasil Glaucíria Mota , Almeida Rosemary de Oliveira
Published: April 2013

O presente artigo aborda as polêmicas e contradições que têm acompanhado as discussões acerca da cientificidade no campo das Ciências Sociais e suas controvérsias paradigmáticas no intuito de pensar a realidade social. Advoga a ideia do devir, a historicidade e o caráter ideológico do processo de conhecimento, além da inexistência de um único método científico. Destaca a relação sujeito e objeto no processo de objetivação do conhecimento e do vínculo com o empírico, sem esquecer que a objetividade é a utopia da ciência. Por fim, enfatiza as exigências do método científico, na condição de constituição de métodos rigorosos e flexíveis que consideram a dinâmica e a provisoriedade da realidade material e simbólica.
Coordenação dos cuidados em saúde pela atenção primária à saúde e suas implicações para a satisfação dos usuários
Authors: Almeida Patty Fidelis de , Giovanella Lígia , Nunan Berardo Augusto
Published: April 2013

O presente artigo analisou as possíveis relações entre a coordenação dos cuidados pela Atenção Primária à Saúde e a satisfação dos usuários nos municípios de Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Florianópolis e Vitória. Indicadores selecionados para avaliar duas dimensões da coordenação - integração entre níveis assistenciais e fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde - foram confrontados com aqueles de avaliação da satisfação dos usuários com o desempenho das equipes de Saúde da Família. Os resultados apontam que as mudanças empreendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família se refletem na satisfação geral com a Atenção Primária à Saúde, indicando melhorias quando comparadas às ações desenvolvidas por serviços 'tradicionais'.
Construcción participativa de indicadores de la implementación del modelo de salud intercultural del cantón Loreto, Ecuador
Authors: Arteaga Erika Lorena , San Sebastián Miguel , Amores Alfredo
Published: April 2013

Desarrollar indicadores para medir la implementación de un modelo de salud intercultural con la participación de usuarios indígenas y proveedores de salud indígenas y no indígenas. Métodos: Investigación con acción participativa. Estudio de caso del modelo de salud intercultural del cantón Loreto, provincia Orellana, en Ecuador. Resultados: Fueron identificados 32 indicadores agrupados en cuatro dimensiones: comunicación y lenguaje; provisión de servicios; servicios integrados con la cultura local y intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias. Conclusiones: El estudio incorporó puntos de vista indígenas no considerados en la estrategia de salud intercultural nacional y que, en muchos casos, son relacionados con la calidad del servicio más que con un tema de diferencia cultural.
Notas de participação do CEBES na organização da 8ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde: o papel da Revista Saúde em Debate
Authors: Sophia Daniela Carvalho
Published: April 2013

O presente artigo é produto da tese 'O CEBES e o movimento de reforma sanitária: história, política e saúde pública (1970-1980)' desenvolvida na Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. A investigação tem como objetivo examinar a trajetória do Centro Brasileiro de estudos da Saúde entre 1976 e 1986. Este artigo atém-se em abordar a participação do Centro na 8ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde, ocorrida no ano de 1986. A Revista foi escolhida como fonte e objeto de estudo, procurando-se compreender seu papel na articulação entre os pesquisadores e a agenda da saúde pública brasileira. A utilização da Revista Saúde em Debate deu visibilidade a questões pertinentes à participação de seus membros na Reforma sanitária. Nesse processo, foi possível observar que a criação desse periódico permitiu uma discussão sobre outras formas de produzir e organizar informações sobre saúde na instituição.
A regulação em saúde: aspectos conceituais e operacionais
Authors: Vilarins Geisa Cristina Modesto , Shimizu Helena Eri , Gutierrez Maria Margarita Urdaneta
Published: April 2013

Entre os vários instrumentos de gestão utilizados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a regulação tem sido tratada com maior relevância. Este estudo objetivou uma revisão sobre o tema regulação em saúde e sua potencialidade para a execução das ações sanitárias. Foram selecionados 48 artigos, publicados em diversas bases de dados online, entre os anos 1989 e 2011. Por ser um mecanismo de equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda, a regulação busca a disponibilização de serviços e recursos assistenciais adequados às necessidades da população, garantindo um acesso de qualidade baseado nos princípios norteadores do SUS.
Falta um pacto na Saúde: elementos para a construção de um Pacto Ético-Político entre gestores e trabalhadores do SUS
Authors: Aciole Geovani Gurgel
Published: April 2013

Este ensaio considera o contexto da dinâmica social brasileira como desafio para as relações entre a gestão do sistema de saúde e o trabalho em saúde. Além dos pactos recentemente firmados entre os entes governamentais, reconhece a necessidade imperativa de um pacto ético/político entre gestores e trabalhadores. Nesse pacto, a gestão do sistema deve assumir a perspectiva cotidiana da produção do cuidado e nela reconhecer o protagonismo do ator essencial que são os trabalhadores de saúde. Diante da ausência de um pacto ético-político entre gestores e trabalhadores, apresenta uma proposta para sua construção, como contribuição à consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Vinhaça como fonte de potássio: resposta da sucessão aveia-preta/milho silagem/milho safrinha e alterações químicas do solo na Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Basso Claudir José , Santi Antônio Luis , Lamego Fabiane Pinto , Somavilla Lucindo , Brigo Tiago José
Published: April 2013

A vinhaça, resíduo do processo de destilação do álcool é rica em potássio (K) e sua aplicação ao solo pode aumentar a disponibilidade do nutriente, mas também provocar alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização da vinhaça como fonte alternativa de K na sucessão aveia preta/milho silagem/milho safrinha, além de possíveis alterações em atributos químicos do solo na camada de 0-10cm. O experimento foi conduzido no Município de Ajuricaba (RS), no período 04/2010 a 06/2011. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1) adubação mineral NPK; T2) N + P sem vinhaça; T3) N+P+50m³ ha-1 de vinhaça; T4) N+P+100m³ ha-1 de vinhaça; T5) N+P+150m³ ha-1 de vinhaça; e T6) N+P+200m³ ha-1 de vinhaça. Na aveia preta, foram avaliados os teores totais foliares de P, K e o acúmulo de matéria seca. No milho silagem, a altura de plantas, altura de inserção da espiga e a produtividade de forragem e, no milho safrinha, o peso de mil sementes e a produtividade de grãos. Quanto aos atributos químicos do solo, foi avaliado o pH, os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e a capacidade de troca catiônica. Na aveia-preta, as maiores doses de vinhaça proporcionaram os menores acúmulos de matéria seca, sendo 100m³ ha-1 a melhor dose observada. Para a cultura do milho, a dose de 100m³ ha-1 de vinhaça proporcionou produtividade de silagem semelhante à adubação mineral e foi capaz de suprir a necessidade de potássio também para o cultivo do milho safrinha. Em relação aos atributos químicos do solo, não se observaram alterações significativas na camada avaliada (0-10cm). A utilização da vinhaça como fonte de potássio mostrou-se uma alternativa tecnicamente viável e a sua utilização em nível de lavoura uma forma de descarte desse resíduo.
Qualidade ambiental em solo com diferentes ciclos de cultivo do meloeiro irrigado
Authors: Maia Celsemy Eleutério
Published: April 2013

O solo é um importante componente do ecossistema terrestre, porque preserva reservas de nutrientes e dá suporte a processos biológicos. Para a preservação desse recurso, é necessário em primeiro lugar saber as condições e os processos que acontecem no solo, obtidos por meio de índices que determinam a sua qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade ambiental em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com diferentes ciclos da cultura do melão. Foram coletadas amostras de solos de nove áreas com diferentes ciclos de cultivo e comparados com as da mata nativa. Concluiu-se que a qualidade ambiental diminuiu com os ciclos de cultivo, quando comparada com a área de referência de mata nativa.
Gynecologic and obstetric profile of state imprisoned females
Authors: Ribeiro Samila Gomes , Lessa Paula Renata Amorim , Monte Alana Santos , Bernardo Elizian Braga Rodrigues , Nicolau Ana Izabel Oliveira , Aquino Priscila De Souza , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: April 2013

The objective of this study was to identify the gynecologic and obstetric profile of imprisoned females in the State of Ceará. This is a documental retrospective study with a quantitative approach, performed in the Female Prison Institute of the State of Ceará with 672 medical files. Regarding age, 62.3% of the women were 31 years old. The most prevalent age bracket for menarche was 10 to 13 years, (57.2%) and age of first sexual experience was 11 to 15 years (55.8%). The most common contraceptive method used was tubal ligation (29.5%). Homosexual behavior was found in 17.9% of inmates. Data also demonstrate an elevated number of pregnancies and abortions. In conclusion, these women require more care from health professionals and more specific health interventions in the prison context since they present high gynecologic and obstetrical risks.
Implications of primary health care models in workloads of health professionals
Authors: Trindade Letícia de Lima , Pires Denise Elvira Pires de
Published: April 2013

This study discusses the influence of two health care models on the workloads of health professionals. This qualitative study was conducted with Family Health teams and traditional teams working in southern Brazil. Focus groups, interviews, and documentary study were used to obtain data, which were analyzed combining Thematic Content Analysis with the features of the AtlasTi software. In both models, it was evident that the problems in the organization and management of health care, excessive demand and innefective problem-solving are the main sources of increased workloads while affinity with the health care model and teamwork were mentioned as sources of workloads reduction. We conclude that the increase in workloads in Family Health model was affected by gaps between what was prescribed and performed, while in the traditional model this was due to fact that the health care model is based on biomedicine.
Participation and social control: perception of family health workers
Authors: Soratto Jacks , Witt Regina Rigatto
Published: April 2013

This is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study that aimed at analyzing the perceptions of a family health team regarding participation and social control in health. The study was developed with workers of a Family Health Team in southern Santa Catarina. Data were collected using the Sensitive Creative Method and analyzed through the process of thematic content analysis. Regarding participation in health, two empirical categories were identified: passive participant in health; and dialogical process as participation in the Family Health Team. As for social control in health, the categories identified were: institutionalized space as a social control in health; and disease monitoring as social control in health. The results showed perceptions related to the reflections on the health model and others that indicate the possibility of advancements in the discussions with local contribution for participation and social control in health.
Nurse training in Japan: contribution to the foundation of the Casa de Parto birthing center in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Progianti Jane Márcia , Porfírio Aline Bastos , Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo
Published: April 2013

This study was performed using a historical-social approach and aimed at discussing how the Brazilian nurse midwives trained in the Japanese birthing centers helped implement Casa de Parto in Rio de Janeiro-RJ in 2003. The primary sources of information were written and oral documentation found in collections and semi-structured interviews. The analysis happened in three steps: organization, classification and data triangulation. In order to support the analysis, concepts of habitus, field, symbolic capital and power were adopted. Results showed that the training of nurses at the Japanese birthing centers by taking a course on birth assistance was a government strategy to reconfigure the obstetrics field, which updated the habitus of these nurse midwives. Both Rio de Janeiro nurses appointed by the City to take the training course acquired better positions, which contributed to the foundation of the Casa de Parto birthing center in Rio de Janeiro.
Defining a quality index for electric power utilities using multiple criteria decision support and time series analysis
Authors: Passos Aderson Campos , Souza Reinaldo Castro
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a hybrid multi-criteria method developed through the combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and exponential smoothing techniques applied in time series forecasting. To illustrate its use, a model was developed with the aim of creating a quality index for electric power distribution utilities. The conclusions highlight the need to take into account the results obtained in the latest months for those utilities, but giving less attention to those obtained in the earlier months. This characteristic of the problem led to the idea of incorporating the mathematical formulation of the exponential smoothing into the aggregation function of the AHP. At the end, the utility company is given a score between 0 (zero) and 10 (ten).