bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas diagnósticas e terapêuticas da osteoporose após lesão medular
Authors: Brito Christina May Moran de , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: June 2022

A osteoporose é uma das reconhecidas complicações da lesão medular, mas restam dúvidas quanto à totalidade de mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos e tratamento efetivo. Grande parte da perda óssea ocorre na fase aguda, com estabilização cerca de doze a dezesseis meses após. A perda óssea afeta todos os segmentos, mas é mais intensa naqueles paralisados e em áreas ricas em osso trabecular. Mecanismos envolvidos não são totalmente esclarecidos, mas englobam não só a perda da tensão mecânica, mas também fatores neurovasculares e alterações estruturais do colágeno. Tanto marcadores bioquímicos quanto estudos com o uso da histomorfometria óssea evidenciam aumento da reabsorção óssea em detrimento da formação óssea. Estudos com o uso da densitometria óssea evidenciam dissociação entre a perda a nível da coluna e quadril, com maior perda a nível do quadril e de membros inferiores, achado considerado típico e marcante deste grupo de pacientes. Como conseqüência, o aumento da incidência de fraturas que se situa entre 1 e 7%, sendo muitas vezes decorrentes de traumas mínimos. Trabalhos com ortostatismo e cinesioterapia não demonstraram benefício significativo no que diz respeito à redução da perda de massa óssea e trabalhos com estimulação elétrica funcional apresentam resultados divergentes, parecendo resultar em algum benefício local. O uso de medicação anti-reabsortiva parece constituir opção promissora, sobretudo na fase aguda, mas estudos são ainda necessários para avaliar a sua efetividade, ou seja, a redução da incidência de fraturas.
Em busca de evidência para a prática médica diária
Authors: Furlan Andréa Dompieri
Published: June 2022

O médico não tem tempo para estudar e manter-se atualizado na medida que seria necessário. No entanto, a medicina tem evoluído com uma velocidade espantosa e práticas atuais são substituídas por novas muito mais rapidamente nos últimos anos. O que fazer diante de problemas clínicos e questionamentos sobre eficácias de tratamentos? O médico tem várias opções, e uma delas é procurar as respostas em revisões da literatura. Entretanto, nem todas as revisões da literatura são bem feitas ou têm resultados confiáveis. A maioria representa a opinião pessoal dos autores e não há uma metodologia para a sua realização. Ultimamente, têm sido publicadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura, em que os autores delimitam uma questão específica para, então, buscar todos os estudos que respondam a essa pergunta. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura deve conter: objetivos, métodos, análise de qualidade de cada estudo incluído, resultados, conclusões e discussão. O médico precisa ter acesso a esses tipos de revisão e aprender a avaliar a sua qualidade. Um dos critérios recomendados é o que foi desenvolvido por Oxman e Guyatt. A Cochrane Collaboration tem desenvolvido métodos e técnicas para a realização de revisões com o mínimo de erros e opiniões pessoais, sendo, portanto, uma das maiores fontes de revisões da literatura de boa qualidade atualmente.
Técnicas de relaxamento no contexto da psicoterapia de pacientes com queixas de dor crônica e fibromialgia: uma proposta
Authors: Souza Luiz Paulo Marques de , Forgione Maria Cristina Rizzi , Alves Vera Lúcia Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito do fenômeno da dor realizada no Serviço de Psicologia da Divisão de Medicina de Reabilitação do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Os autores iniciam definindo o conceito de dor e suas diferenciações, abordando os aspectos psicológicos e sociais que desencadeiam ou acompanham os fenômenos álgicos. É também comentada a possível correlação entre o desenvolvimento das síndromes álgicas crônicas – como a fibromialgia – e as disfunções psicossomáticas. O artigo, da mesma forma, propõe que as técnicas de recondicionamento psicofísico, também chamadas de relaxamento, venham a ser empregadas no contexto psicoterápico de pacientes com queixas de dores crônicas. Por meio delas, procura-se o restabelecimento do tônus muscular dos indivíduos e promover uma melhora na qualidade de vida, uma vez que oferecem, por conseqüência, bem-estar físico e mental.
Avaliação cinética e cinemática da marcha de adultos do sexo masculino
Authors: Chung Tae Mo
Published: June 2022

A avaliação cinética e cinemática da marcha de 44 voluntários adultos do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 40 anos, sem lesões no sistema musculoesquelético, foi realizada pelo sistema computadorizado tridimensional Motion Analysis. Foram selecionados os dados relativos a seis percursos de cada indivíduo, em que se podia observar cada pé efetuar isoladamente o apoio completo na plataforma de força com sincronia de movimento. O padrão de marcha desse grupo foi caraterizado por uma velocidade média de 116,46 cm/s ± 9,43 cm/s no membro inferior direito e 116,61 cm/s ± 9,81 cm/s no membro inferior esquerdo, diferenças que não foram estatisticamente significantes. Observou-se uma correlação direta existente entre o comprimento do passo e da passada com o comprimento dos membros inferiores, assim como entre a velocidade da caminhada e o comprimento da passada. Não houve diferença significante entre os dados cinéticos e cinemáticos obtidos e aqueles relatados na literatura, exceto quanto ao parâmetro velocidade de caminhada, que foi menor.
Bloqueio do nervo obturador como proposta terapêutica analgésica para osteoartrose de coxofemoral: técnica simplificada
Authors: Ferreira e Silva Milene , Masiero Danilo , Chamlian Therezinha Rosane , Wasserstein Silvia
Published: June 2022

Apresentar uma nova abordagem terapêutica na dor por osteoartrose de quadril por meio de uma técnica simplificada de bloqueio do nervo obturador; com a vantagem de ser mais fácil, rápida e com menor risco que a técnica descrita em literatura. Será enfatizada também a necessidade de um tratamento global, nos casos de dor crônica. Sendo aqui relatado o caso clínico da primeira paciente a ser submetida a esse procedimento a qual apresentou grande melhora do quadro álgico (com base na escala visual analógica) e funcional (segundo relatos da paciente).
Avaliação da dor no ombro em paciente com acidente vascular cerebral
Authors: Silva Cláudia de Oliveira e , Riberto Marcelo , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: June 2022

O objetivo desse estudo preliminar é avaliar as causas de dor no ombro de pacientes hemiplégicos, bem como verificar a ocorrência e a evolução do tratamento da síndrome dolorosa miofascial (SDMF). Para isso, seis pacientes hemiplégicos (cinco espásticos grau II, segundo Ashworth e um flácido) com idade: 55, 85 +/- 1, 50 anos, tempo de AVC de 6, 85 +/- 2, 54 meses, e queixas de dor no ombro paralisado há 13, 33 +/- 1, 69 semanas, foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação qualitativa (questionário de MacGuill simplificado e quantitativa por meio da escala visual analógica – EVA e dolorimetria de pressão), além da avaliação goniométrica ativa e passiva do ombro. Todos os pacientes apresentaram à palpação muscular, SDMF associada e foram infiltrados com lidocaína a 1% em pontos-gatilho (PGs) intramusculares. As queixas predominantes foram dor em queimor em quatro, peso em três e incaracterística em dois. Nenhum paciente referiu queixas de formigamento, choque, adormecimento e agulhadas. Quatro pacientes foram infiltrados em PGs na musculatura posterior do ombro, um em bíceps e outro em peitoral maior. Não houve melhora significativa na evolução dolorimétrica de pressão e na goniometria após a infiltração desses PGs (p > 0,05). Nesse estudo, diagnosticamos por meios clínicos e/ou radiológicos (RX e USG): um paciente com capsulite adesiva, um com tendinite bicipital e outro com tendinite no supra-espinhal. Não se diagnosticou subluxação na articulação glenoumeral, nem sinais clínicos de lesão nervosa periférica.
Reabilitação psicossocial da criança com traumatismo cranioencefálico: conseqüências na afetividade e no emocional
Authors: Alves Vera Lúcia Rodrigues , Kaihami Harumi Nemoto
Published: June 2022

As autoras colocam em pauta a reabilitação psicossocial da criança com traumatismo cranioencefálico, em suas diferentes facetas, considerando-se os déficits físicos, cognitivos e os aspectos afetivos/emocionais. Destacam a posição que os pais ocupam no momento de crise e as conseqüências posteriores no âmbito emocional. Ressaltam a violência que ocorre com as crianças e com os pais, decorrentes de normas culturais e sociais. Concluem, enfatizando a responsabilidade partilhada entre pais, crianças e sociedade com respeito à questão da prevenção.
Padrões mínimos de conduta em medicina eletrodiagnóstica
Authors: Carneiro Armando Pereira
Published: June 2022

As principais situações em que um exame eletroneuromiográfico e de potenciais evocados são necessários foram alinhadas com justificativas para sua realização. Limites mínimos foram definidos para a extensão do exame em miopatias, doenças da placa motora, dos nervos periféricos, das raízes e dos plexos, do SNC, dos neurônios motores, dos esfíncteres e da função sexual. Elaborados critérios para formação de pessoal especializado e exigências para os serviços de neurofisiologia, como relatórios, esterilizações e descarte de materiais, e atendimento às complicações. A SBMFR – cap. Neurofisiologia Clínica – emitirá selos de qualidade e certificados a seus membros e serviços que estejam cumprindo esses padrões mínimos de conduta em medicina eletrodiagnóstica.
O significado do discurso de risco na área de reabilitação
Authors: Alves Vera Lúcia Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

A autora busca neste artigo analisar o discurso e as intervenções governamentais na atenção à pessoa portadora de deficiência. Nesse sentido discute-se o conceito de “risco” no contexto de saúde pública e o seu significado em reabilitação.
Avaliação de parâmetros clínicos de pacientes com fibromialgia após 5 anos de evolução
Authors: Martinez José Eduardo , Xavier Fellipe Mendes de Oliveira , André Mariana Zacharias , Ramalho Marcelo Viceconte
Published: June 2022

Fibromialgia é uma síndrome clínica de causa desconhecida caracterizada por dor difusa e presença de pontos dolorosos musculares à dígito-pressão. Em 1995, foi publicado, por nosso grupo de pesquisa, um estudo clínico mostrando que a fibromialgia causa impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Em alguns aspectos, esse impacto é semelhante em intensidade àquele causado pela artrite reumatóide. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os mesmos parâmetros utilizados, após 5 anos de evolução. Métodos: Realizou-se entrevista telefônica que incluía questões sobre a evolução da sintomatologia, escalas analógicas numéricas para dor, fadiga, depressão e ansiedade (0 – 10) e a escala de incapacidade física Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). As pontuações atuais foram comparadas com as do estudo de 1995 por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. Pacientes: Estudaram-se 18 mulheres que participaram do estudo de 1995. Todas as pacientes preenchiam os critérios para Classificação de Fibromialgia do American College of Rheumatology (Colégio Americano de Reumatologia) na época do estudo de 1995. Resultados: Dez pacientes referiram estar melhor; 3, pior; e 5 permaneceram inalteradas. Doze pacientes se mantêm em algum tipo de tratamento e 6 estão sem qualquer tipo de tratamento. As pontuações das escalas aplicadas em 1995 e agora são, respectivamente: Escala Numérica de Dor: 5,72 – 5,77; Escala Numérica Fadiga: 4,66 – 5,70; Escala Numérica de Depressão: 5,50 – 5,22; Escala Numérica de Ansiedade: 6,61 – 3,72; e HAQ: 0,75 – 1,08. A análise estatística mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas na escala de ansiedade. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a fibromialgia tem uma evolução estável nos parâmetros clínicos e de capacidade física estudados neste trabalho. As pontuações de ansiedade melhoraram provavelmente por causa do melhor conhecimento da fibromialgia pelas pacientes.
Síndrome miofascial: comparação entre o tratamento com infiltração de trigger points e medicação oral (ciclobenzaprina)
Authors: Furtado Rita Nely Vilar , Carazzato Simone , Farias Carolinne Atta , Chamlian Therezinha Rosane , Masiero Danilo
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da infiltração de trigger points com xilocaína a 1% com o uso da ciclobenzaprina no tratamento a curto prazo da síndrome miofascial (SMF) de trapézio. Material e métodos: Estudo prospectivo controlado randomizado com avaliador “cego” em 38 pacientes com SMF de trapézio. Intervenção realizada no grupo teste (IF) (n = 18): infiltração com xilocaína a 1% em, no máximo, 06 trigger points de trapézio; no grupo-controle (CB) (n = 20) foi fornecido 10 mg/dia de ciclobenzaprina por 15 dias. Os pacientes foram avaliados no tempo zero (T0), em sete (T7), quinze (T15) e trinta dias (T30). Instrumentos de avaliação: escala visual analógica de dor global (EVA de dor global), escala visual analógica de dor à compressão digital de trigger points (EVA de dor à compressão), questionário resumido para dor de McGill. Foi realizada a avaliação da reprodutibilidade interobservador (RI) para EVA de dor à compressão digital. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram na avaliação inicial a média de trigger points de 2,0 (+ 0,5), taut band de 3,05 (+ 0,8) e tender spots de 4,64 (+ 1,15). A RI para EVA à compressão mostrou-se boa (pearson > 0,8). Observou-se tendência (p > 0,05) a maior variação do escore de dor (McGill) no grupo-teste, maior variação do tipo de dor e maior incidência de efeitos colaterais no grupo-controle. Ambos os grupos melhoraram ao término do acompanhamento (p < 0,05). A média das variações da EVA de dor global no T7 (-24,2% (+62,8 CB X -40% + 50,9 IF p = 0,19), T15 (-37,6% + 48,4 CB X -50% + 44,8 IF p = 0,3) e T30 (-50% + 60 CB X -70,8% +44,7 IF p = 0,14) foi maior no grupo-teste porém sem significância estatística. Esta tendência também se observou na média das variações da EVA de dor à compressão digital no T7 (-26,8% + 35,34 CB X - 46,5% ( 44,4 IF p = 0,24), no T15 (-38,8% + 38,2 CB X -56,2% + 34,3 IF p = 0,44) e no T30 (-46,6% + 38 CB X -53% + 34,4 IF – p = 0,38), porém mais uma vez sem significância estatística. Conclusão: A semelhança do efeito da ciclobenzaprina com o da infiltração de trigger points permite a indicação da primeira no tratamento de pacientes com SMF de trapézio e questiona a indicação invariável da infiltração de trigger points.
Condition B and Other Conditions on Pronominal Licensing in Serbo-Croatian
Authors: Jovović Ivana
Published: June 2022

I argue that certain binding facts from Serbo-Croatian, analyzed as Condition B violations by Despić (2011, 2013), are best captured in terms of specific discourse constraints on coreferential pronouns and that such cases have no bearing on the categorial status of the nominal domain in Serbo-Croatian. I show that the availability of clitic and nonclitic pronouns that are coreferential with a possessor antecedent crucially depends on whether the antecedent is a discourse topic or new information focus; this leads me to conclude that such cases are not Condition B violations. I also observe that pronouns in English are subject to identical conditions and conclude that English also has clitic and nonclitic pronouns.
Unsettling information literacy:
Authors: Marsh Frances
Published: June 2022

In the past seven years, student-led decolonisation movements have taken root in UK universities. Decolonising the university is an intellectual project, asking critical questions about the content of curricula, disciplinary canons and pedagogical approaches. It is simultaneously a material one, challenging the colonial legacies that manifest in institutional spaces, cultures and financial decisions, students’ experience and staff labour conditions (Cotton, 2018, p. 24). Academic libraries have recognised their role in addressing how ‘coloniality survives colonialism’ (Maldonado-Torres, 2007, p. 243), in particular through the diversification of collections and resources. However, libraries have neglected to interrogate their educational potential for decolonisation, specifically in exercising information literacy (IL) teaching and approaches. This qualitative research examines IL through a decolonial lens with an eye to both its colonial attributes and its potential for decolonising the curriculum. Interviews with five academic researchers are used to explore the potential for critical information literacy (CIL) in decolonial work and ask what IL might look like from a decolonial perspective. The findings of the interviews are structured according to Icaza and Vázquez’s framework of three core processes for decolonising the university; they reveal that CIL might usefully facilitate positionality, practice relationality and consider transitionality. In turn, these findings lead to a set of recommendations for unsettling IL and generating the potential for decolonisation. The relationship between CIL and decolonising the curriculum is as yet unexplored and academics’ engagement with and opinions on CIL have rarely been examined. This research therefore offers some novel contributions for IL practitioners and researchers in relation to both teaching/ learning and research. It also contributes some points of departure for a more a powerful and holistic decolonial pedagogy in the university. A more fitting approach than traditional IL, critical information literacy can become a key part of scaffolding a decolonising approach to learners’ navigation of information and processes of knowing.
Delimiting species within the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) species complex in a world full of invaders
Authors: GUÉRON RODRIGO , ALMEIDA ALEXANDRE OLIVEIRA , AGUILAR ROBERT , OGBURN MATTHEW B. , PRAKASH SANJEEVI , BAEZA J. ANTONIO
Published: June 2022

Historically, Lysmata vittata has been reported with a near global non-polar distribution. Early studies reported a wide morphological variation in this species, which served as a basis for further synonymization of at least four species. Herein, we investigated the species diversity within L. vittata complex and tested whether L. rauli and L. durbanensis are valid species instead of junior synonyms of L. vittata. Our integrated morphological and molecular data strongly supports the validity of at least six taxonomic entities within the broader L. vittata complex, including L. rauli and L. durbanensis and three undescribed species. Multivariate analyses highlighted prominent morphological differences in accessory branch structure of dorsolateral antennular flagellum, number of carpal and meral segments of the second pereopod, and color pattern which segregated shrimps into distinct morpho-groups. Phylogenetic analyses supported morphological groupings and recovered five widely divergent lineages, which corresponded to the morphological groupings: L. vittata sensu stricto; L. rauli sensu stricto; L. sp. CHINA; L. sp. AUS1; and L. sp. AUS2. Therefore, we formally resurrect L. rauli to valid species status and posit it is native to the subtropical and tropical Indo West-Pacific. Although data were limited, we also formally resurrect L. durbanensis to valid species status from southern Africa. Our results imply L. vittata and L. rauli are exotic species in the western Atlantic, New Zealand, and the Mediterranean. This study provides a solid framework to continue untangling the historic L. vittata species complex, which is likely to include additional species to the ones included in the present study.
A new species of Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Truong Son Range, Vietnam
Authors: LUONG ANH MAI , VAN HOANG CHUNG , PHAM CUONG THE , NGUYEN TAO THIEN , ORLOV NIKOLAI , ZIEGLER THOMAS , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG
Published: June 2022

A new species of Xenophrys is described from Truong Son Range in Central Vietnam based on morphological and molecular differences. The new species is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: Size medium (SVL 58.8–71.4 mm in males, 65.6–87.3 mm in females); tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth present; tongue notched posteriorly; external vocal sac absent; toes with rudimentary webbing; subarticular tubercles absent, lateral fringes narrow along toes; nuptial pads absent in males; dorsal skin of body with weak granules; flank with small tubercles; dorsum with a dorsal ridge in >-< shape; dorsolateral folds prominent; dorsal surface from reddish brown to grayish brown with a brown triangle between the eyes, and a dark brown marking edged along dorsal ridge on the back; and small white spots present on flank and back of thigh. In the phylogenetic analyses, the new species is nested within the genus Xenophrys with interspecific uncorrected genetic p-distances (16S rRNA gene) from 2.2–2.8% (compared with Xenophrys maosonensis) to 14.4–14.7% (compared with Xenophrys yeae).
Associated Summer Rainfall Changes over the Three Rivers Source Region in China with the East Asian Westerly Jet from 1979 to 2015
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Lin , Li Zhaoguo , Chen Hao , Shang Lunyu , Wang Shaoying , Shu Lele , Li Guangwei
Published: June 2022

Under the intensification of global warming, the characteristics of the Three Rivers source region (TRSR; i.e., headwaters of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang River) in China were diagnosed in the summer season from 1979 to 2015 using observations and reanalysis data. The diagnoses indicate that summer precipitation decreased from 1979 to 2002 [by 9.01 mm day−1 (10 yr)−1; p < 0.05 by Student’s t test] and increased significantly after 2002 [by 5.52 mm day−1 (10 yr)−1]. This abrupt change year (2002) was further confirmed by the cumulative anomaly method, the moving t-test method, and the Yamamoto method. By compositing the thermodynamics before and after the abrupt change year (2002), the results reveal that increased water vapor and more substantial lower-level convergence were present over the TRSR during 2003–15. This marked interdecadal variability in the TRSR summer precipitation responded to the interdecadal position and intensity of the large-scale forcing East Asian westerly jet (EAWJ), which is significantly modulated by the low-frequency variability associated with Southern Oscillation index. The connection between the interannual TRSR precipitation and the location and intensity of EAWJ was also explored. The position index of the EAWJ is negatively (with correlation coefficient R of −0.446; p < 0.05 by Student’s t test) correlated with the precipitation over the TRSR, implying that southward and northward years of EAWJ are respectively associated with intensifying and weakening the TRSR summer precipitation, whereas the intensity of EAWJ is insignificantly correlated with the TRSR summer precipitation.
Seasonal Variability of the Pacific South Equatorial Current during the Argo Era
Authors: Yang Lina , Murtugudde Raghu , Zheng Shaojun , Liang Peng , Tan Wei , Wang Lei , Feng Baoxin , Zhang Tianyu
Published: June 2022

The tropical Pacific currents from January 2004 to December 2018 are computed based on the gridded Argo temperatures and salinities using the P-vector method on an f plane and the geostrophic approximation on a β plane. Three branches of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) are identified, i.e., SEC(N) (2°S–5°N), SEC(M) (7°–3°S), and SEC(S) (20°–8°S), with the maximum zonal velocity of −55 cm s−1 and total volume transport of −49.8 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) occurring in the central-east Pacific. The seasonal variability of each branch shows a distinct and different westward propagation of zonal current anomalies, which are well mirrored by the SLA differences between 2°S and 5°N, between 3°S and 6°S, and between 8°S and 15°S, respectively. Most of the seasonal variations are successfully simulated by a simple analytical Rossby wave model, highlighting the significance of the first-mode baroclinic, linear Rossby waves, particularly those driven by the wind stress curl in the central-east Pacific. However, the linear theory fails to explain the SEC(M) variations in certain months in the central-east Pacific, where the first baroclinic mode contributes only around 50% of the explained variance to the equatorial surface currents. A nonlinear model involving higher baroclinic modes is suggested for a further diagnosis. Considering the crucial role played by the tropical Pacific in the natural climate variability via the El Niño–Southern Ocean dynamics and the ocean response to anthropogenic forcing via the ocean heat uptake in the eastern tropical Pacific, advancing the process understanding of the SEC from observations is critical.
Takotsubo Syndrome and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Theodora A. , Melita Helen , Manolis Antonis S.
Published: June 2022

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), triggered by intense emotional or physical stress, occurring most commonly in post-menopausal women, presents as an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular complications occur in almost half the patients with TTS, and the inpatient mortality is comparable to MI (4–5%) owing to cardiogenic shock, myocardial rupture, or life-threatening arrhythmias. Thus, its prognosis is not as benign as previously thought, as it may cause mechanical complications (cardiac rupture) and potentially lethal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Similar to MI, some patients may perish before reaching the hospital due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; this may lead to underestimation of the actual SCD risk. Furthermore, after discharge, some patients may develop late SCD and/or TTS recurrence that may result in SCD. There are risk factors for SCD in TTS patients, such as severe/persistent QT-interval prolongation inciting torsade-de-pointes, other ECG abnormalities (diffuse giant negative T-waves, widened QRS-complex), bradyarrhythmias, comorbidities, concurrent obstructive coronary artery disease or vasospasm, male gender, older age, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and use of sympathomimetic drugs. All these issues are herein reviewed, case reports/series and data from large cohort studies and meta-analyses are analyzed, risk factors are tabulated, and proarrhythmic effects and management strategies are discussed and pictorially illustrated.
Women’s Political Participation and Empowerment in Urban Local Governance in West Bengal, India
Authors: Bauri Asha , Basu Anindya
Published: June 2022

Women are long ignored from the organized political arena across the world, but several initiatives have been taken for entrance of women in local-level politics. The main objective of the study is to provide an idea about effective and pseudo-participation of the women representatives and to bring out the factors responsible for kinds of participation. For that, district headquarters of West Bengal have been chosen. Two indices (political empowerment index (PAI) and political awareness index (PEI)) infer that the same category city has different degrees of women’s awareness and participation. The rate of pseudo participation is much higher than the effective participation.
Divergent Perceptions of Peace in Post-Conflict Societies: Insights from Sri Lanka
Authors: Carey Sabine C. , González Belén , Gläßel Christian
Published: June 2022

Research on postwar peace focuses primarily on how elites and institutions can prevent relapse into civil war. In line with this special issue’s focus on citizens’ experiences, we take a micro-level approach to explore peace beyond the absence of war. We investigate how members of opposing sides experience peace a decade after a decisive victory of the majority. Using original survey data from a representative sample of 2000 respondents in 2018 Sri Lanka, we find that even one decade after the conflict members of the Sinhalese winning majority are consistently more likely to report improvements in peace than Tamils, who were represented by the defeated minority. But the benefit of a “victor’s peace” does not seem to translate into an optimistic outlook of the victorious group, nor does it increase people’s endorsement for repressive state measures. Despite the drastically improved physical security for the defeated ethnic minority since the war, they experience a deterioration in other dimensions of peace. Our findings have important implications for a deeper understanding of variations in peace and reconciliation processes.
Moving nurses to cities: On how migration industries feed into glocal urban assemblages in the care sector
Authors: Hillmann Felicitas , Walton-Roberts Margaret , Yeoh Brenda S.A.
Published: June 2022

Migration industries include a diverse array of migration-related services provided by the state, commercial agents, humanitarian organisations and migrant social networks. The work performed by this array of providers, both non-state and state actors, includes facilitating, filtering/channelling and constraining migration. As a powerful example of how migration industries work in general, we examine their dynamics in the care sector as part of glocal (care) chains involved in the migration of nurses. The article provides a conceptualisation of the role of the ‘migration industry’ as part of a changing global business in the field of care work. We direct our attention to the drivers and institutions that facilitate and shape the arrangements of international care mobility and the constitution of glocal urban assemblages. Drawing on three models of nurse migration – bus stop (Philippines–Singapore), two-step (India–Canada) and triple-win (Vietnam–Germany) – we show how the socio-spatial configurations of glocal urban assemblages linked to the three models yield different social integration outcomes for migrant nurses.
A holistic sequential fault detection and diagnostics framework for multiple zone variable air volume air handling unit systems
Authors: Torabi Narges , Gunay Huseyin Burak , O’Brien William , Moromisato Ricardo
Published: June 2022

A holistic fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) method should explicitly consider the dependencies between faults at the system- and zone-level to isolate the root cause. A system-level fault can trigger false alarms at the zone-level, while concealing the presence of a zone-level fault. However, most FDD methods have focused on a single component/equipment without considering the importance of the interactions between zone- and system-level devices. This paper proposes a holistic hierarchical framework for FDD, combining the process of detection and diagnosis of controls hardware and sequencing logic faults affecting the actuators at the system- and zone-level. The proposed framework follows a holistic sequential procedure to diagnose faults and suppress false alarms in this order: hard faults in air handling units (AHUs), hard faults in variable air volume (VAV) zones, sequencing logic faults in AHUs, and sequencing logic faults in VAV zones. The detection of faults is performed by visualizing the discrepancies between the expected and measured operational behaviour of AHUs and VAV boxes. Examples demonstrating the framework are provided with data from 10 different VAV AHU systems.

Practical application: This paper provides a sequential hierarchical FDD framework to address two main issues in VAV AHU systems: detectability and significance. Regarding detectability, the framework prioritizes hard faults over sequencing logic faults to avoid false positives and false negatives; about significance, system-level faults are prioritized over zone-level faults to triage high-impact faults in the system. The detection of faults is performed via visualizing the biases from the expected behaviour of AHU and VAV characteristics to provide an envisioning interpretation for the experts in facilities management in commercial buildings to find the root cause of the fault and fix them on-site.
Association of Postoperative Sigmoid Sinus Occlusion and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Translabyrinthine Surgery
Authors: Freeman Michael H. , Cass Nathan D. , Berndt David M. , Kloosterman Nicole , Poulos Eric A. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Bennett Marc L. , Aulino Joseph M. , Haynes David S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To characterize the incidence of sigmoid sinus occlusion (SSO) following translabyrinthine (TL) surgery for posterior fossa tumor resection and determine the association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

Patients undergoing TL surgery for vestibular schwannoma from 2012 to 2020 were included. Demographic data, medical history, preoperative tumor length and volume, and postoperative complications including CSF leak were recorded. Neuroradiology review of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the presence or absence of flow through the sigmoid sinus.

Results

Of 205 patients undergoing TL, 21 (10.2%) experienced CSF leak postoperatively. Overall 56 (27%) demonstrated SSO on immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. CSF leaks were more likely in those with SSO (19.6%) than those without SSO (6.7%; odds ratio, 3.54 [95% CI, 1.25‐10.17]). Tumor volume and body mass index were not significantly associated with CSF leak. In total, 105 (51%) patients had some degree of sigmoid sinus thrombosis, but nonocclusive thrombosis was not associated with CSF leak.

Conclusion

SSO after TL approaches is common and appears to be significantly associated with postoperative CSF leak development. Minimizing manipulation of the sigmoid sinus during TL surgery and compression after surgery may have a role in preventing CSF leak.
Legitimacy and innovation in social enterprises
Authors: Bunduchi Raluca , Smart Alison U , Crisan-Mitra Catalina , Cooper Sarah
Published: June 2022

This article examines the interrelationship between legitimacy building efforts – the different ways in which social enterprises (SEs) conform to stakeholder expectations – and types of innovation – the different approaches by which they create social and economic value through product, process and business model innovation. Using a multi-case study research design of twenty SEs in Scotland and Romania, we find that the SEs adjusted their approach to legitimacy building depending upon the types of innovation and stakeholder involved. Also, while all SEs pursued pragmatic and moral legitimacy through conforming with their stakeholders’ expectations, the type of innovation shaped the way in which they prioritised one form of legitimacy over another to deal with the tensions involved in pursuing legitimacy with heterogeneous stakeholders. This finding emphasises the importance of innovation type when explaining how SEs balance the tensions involved in trying to conform to a wide range of heterogeneous stakeholders with different expectations.
Numerical simulation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA 0018 airfoil at medium range Reynolds number
Authors: Lopes António Manuel Gameiro , Alé Jorge António Villar
Published: June 2022

In the present work, simulations of the flow around the NACA 0018 airfoil operating at Reynolds number 7 × 105 are performed using the EasyCFD software package. The influence of the advection scheme and turbulence model on the computed lift, drag and momentum coefficients is presented and an evaluation of the obtained results is made by comparison with published experimental data. It is concluded that predictions agree very well with experimental data up to 18° angle of attack, when using the SST turbulence model with the second order advection scheme. Limitations of simulations are shown when the airfoil operates at larger angles of attack, where unsteady periodic flow is verified. The turbulence model and the advection scheme affects both lift and drag values, but to a larger extent for drag. Predictions at high angles of attack overestimate both lift and drag coefficients, but underestimate the momentum coefficient.
Preservation and conservation of indigenous manuscripts
Authors: Tyagi Sunil
Published: June 2022

This study is an endeavour to investigate the preservation and conservation status of the heritage of indigenous manuscripts in the Central Library at the Jain Vishva Bharati Institute (Deemed University), Rajasthan, India, that are unknown to the scholarly world. A survey of the manuscripts was carried out to investigate their physical status. A structured interview with nine staff members from the manuscripts section was conducted to obtain information regarding the manuscript collections and current preservation and conservation techniques employed. The findings reveal that the overall preservation and conservation techniques used in the library were found to be satisfactory according to the standard operating procedures of the National Mission for Manuscripts. The study also provides an understanding of the nature of the manuscript collections and the preservation and conservation techniques employed with the manuscripts.
The Use of Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Therapeutic Intervention for Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Anthony , Zhu John B. , Khanduja Vikas
Published: June 2022

Background:

There is a cohort of patients in whom hip preservation surgery is not indicated, because they have developed signs of early osteoarthritis (OA), and nor can they have a hip replacement, as they are too early in the disease process. Management of this cohort of patients is not standardised and both pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures are utilised to reduce pain. Interventions available for early OA include intra-articular injections of steroids, viscosupplementation and more recently platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, the use of PRP in hip OA has not yet been studied systematically.

Purpose:

To assess intra-articular PRP as a therapeutic intervention for hip OA, including the duration of efficacy, influence of dose and composition of PRP, and the incidence of adverse effects.

Study Design:

A systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We performed literature searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS databases, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the methodological index for non-randomized studies instrument, with an additional assessment for randomized controlled trials with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. This is the first study to concisely collate the available data on the use of PRP in hip OA.

Results:

Eight studies were included in the analysis, with data from a total of 331 patients. PRP significantly reduced pain compared with the baseline at multiple time points, with the greatest effect at the 1- to 2-month follow-up, but PRP significantly improved function only at the 1- to 2-month follow-up. A significantly larger reduction in pain was achieved with a single injection of PRP compared with multiple injections, a total injected dose of PRP <15 mL compared with ≥15 mL, and use of a leukocyte-poor PRP preparation compared with leukocyte-rich PRP. There were no lasting adverse effects.

Conclusion:

Low- and moderate-quality evidence suggests that PRP reduces pain and improves function at the end-point follow-up of studies compared with the baseline. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that a larger reduction in pain is achieved with a single injection of PRP compared with multiple injections, and low-quality evidence attributes a larger reduction of pain with a total injected dose of PRP <15 mL compared with ≥15 mL and using leukocyte-poor PRP compared with leukocyte-rich PRP.
Crafting international apologies that work: A conjoint analysis approach
Authors: Kohama Shoko , Himichi Toshiyuki , Inamasu Kazunori , Mifune Nobuhiro , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Tago Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Apologies by political leaders to the citizens of a victimized country have attracted attention in recent years as a means of improving relations between nations. Existing studies have identified several elements that make such an apology effective, but from the politician's point of view, it is difficult to issue a statement containing all these elements, and they must then be chosen while considering domestic backlash and relations with countries other than the victimized one. However, it is not sufficiently clear how the victimized country's citizens weigh the elements of the apology when they accept it and how the nature of the harm caused changes this. Therefore, we conducted a survey experiment in Japan, adopting a conjoint design using scenarios depicting fictional US presidential apologies to Japan. Our experiment demonstrated three attributes particularly regarded as important in determining whether people would accept an apology: the reparation amount, whether the apology was official (formality), and the voluntariness of the apology. However, when something that people consider “sacred” has been harmed, reparation proposals are counterproductive, and the optimal apology form may depend on the nature of the harm.
The Role of Circadian Clock Genes in Critical Illness: The Potential Role of Translational Clock Gene Therapies for Targeting Inflammation, Mitochondrial Function, and Muscle Mass in Intensive Care
Authors: Poole Joanna , Ray David
Published: June 2022

The Earth’s 24-h planetary rotation, with predictable light and heat cycles, has driven profound evolutionary adaptation, with prominent impacts on physiological mechanisms important for surviving critical illness. Pathways of interest include inflammation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, hypoxic signaling, apoptosis, and defenses against reactive oxygen species. Regulation of these by the cellular circadian clock (BMAL-1 and its network) has an important influence on pulmonary inflammation; ventilator-associated lung injury; septic shock; brain injury, including vasospasm; and overall mortality in both animals and humans. Whether it is cytokines, the inflammasome, or mitochondrial biogenesis, circadian medicine represents exciting opportunities for translational therapy in intensive care, which is currently lacking. Circadian medicine also represents a link to metabolic determinants of outcome, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. More than ever, we are appreciating the problem of circadian desynchrony in intensive care. This review explores the rationale and evidence for the importance of the circadian clock in surviving critical illness.
Engaging Indigenous older adults with technology use to respond to health and well-being concerns and needs
Authors: McIlduff Cari D. , Acharibasam John , Starr Victor , Chapados Meghan
Published: June 2022

Increased access to technology can promote independent living, stimulate cognitive functioning, relieve caregiver stress, improve telehealth access, increase overall well-being, and be used to share cultural resources such as Indigenous language applications. Many Indigenous older adults would like to learn more about technology and recognize the value of technology in supporting healthy ageing; however, as Morning Star Lodge has previously determined, accessibility and readiness were key factors in the use of this technology. Utilizing the guiding principles of the Model of Engaging Communities Collaboratively and the Ethical Engagement Training Module, Morning Star Lodge partnered with the Star Blanket Cree Nation to support the healthy lifestyle of six Indigenous older adults by increasing their access to and engagement with culturally safe technology solutions individual to their specific health and lifestyle needs. These co-researchers were provided with tablets, MiFis (mobile internet access), and learning workshops and were interviewed pre- and post-workshops to assess their comfort level with the device and information received. Additionally, these interviews assessed how the technology helped to address the health needs of the co-researchers. The findings demonstrated that the technology met the health needs of the older adults, particularly with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to stay connected to loved ones. The information gained through this work will support public health workers in responding to the needs of older Indigenous adults using technology to meet their health and well-being. There is also a significant need for pandemic preparedness work to be done with Indigenous communities and this work could inform this in part.
In situ forming gelatin: Cyclodextrin hydrogels prepared by “click chemistry” to improve the sustained release of hydrophobic drugs
Authors: Thi Phuong Le , Tran Thi Yen Nhi , Luu Hung Cuong , Tran Dieu Linh , Thi Thai Thanh Hoang , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: June 2022

Injectable hydrogels offer a wide range of attractive benefits in drug delivery applications, such as non-invasive administration, easy drug incorporation and locally controlled release at the target sites. Herein, we designed a simple and efficient method to prepare injectable hydrogels composed of gelatin and cyclodextrin (CD) for high loading capacity of hydrophobic drugs. The hydrogels were formed by thiol-functionalized gelatin (GSH) and βCD-vinyl sulfone (βCD-VS) as cross-linker, via thiol-ene “click” chemistry. Hydrogels comprising of different cross-linker feed amount were investigated in terms of their physico-chemical properties, such as gelation time, mechanical strength, swelling ratio, porosity and degradation rates. For the use as a drug delivery vehicle, dexamethasone (DEX), a commonly anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive but poorly water soluble drug was chosen to show the high drug loading capacity and prolonged drug release of hydrogels. The drug release was found to be depended on the concentration of βCD-VS due to the drug-CD interaction. In vitro cytotoxicity experiment also showed the cell compatibility of these hydrogels against human dermal fibroblasts. In summary, we expect this gelatin-CD “click” hydrogel will be a promising candidate for localized and long-term delivery of hydrophobic drugs.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of porous alginate hydrogel containing retinoic acid for skin wound healing applications
Authors: Nazarnezhad Simin , Salehi Majid , Samadian Hadi , Ehtermi Arian , Kasaiyan Nahid , Khastar Hossein , Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Ghasem , Kolarijani Nariman Rezaei , Yeganehfard Hodays , Ziaei Heliya
Published: June 2022

The current study’s main aim was to fabricate and evaluate alginate (Alg) hydrogel containing retinoic acid (RA) as wound healing materials. Different RA concentrations (2, 10, and 50% w/w) were incorporated into the hydrogel. The results showed that the prepared hydrogels had a porous structure with a pore size of 69.69 ± 22.1 µm for pure Alg hydrogel and 78.44 ± 27.8 µm for Alg/RA hydrogel. The swelling measurement showed that the hydrogels swelled up to 65% and the incorporation of RA reduced the degree of swelling . The in vitro studies confirmed the hemo- and biocompatibility of the Alg/RA 2% and increasing the RA concentration induced hemolysis and toxic effects. The animal studies showed that the lowest RA concentration resulted in the best treatment outcome while increasing the RA concentration suppressed the healing process. In conclusion, these results showed that RA induced wound healing process at low concentration, and the prepared hydrogel could be used as the wound healing materials.