bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunological Pathways Triggered byPorphyromonas gingivalisandFusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?
Authors: de Andrade Kívia Queiroz , Almeida-da-Silva Cássio Luiz Coutinho , Coutinho-Silva Robson
Published: June 2019

Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) andFusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide.P. gingivalisandF. nucleatumpossess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host’s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1βand caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1βrelease. The exact molecular events of the host’s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced byP. gingivalisandF. nucleatuminfections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.
Blockchain-Based Access Control Model to Preserve Privacy for Personal Health Record Systems
Authors: Thwin Thein Than , Vasupongayya Sangsuree
Published: June 2019

Personal health record system (PHR system) stores health-related information of an individual. PHR system allows the data owner to manage and share his/her data with selected individuals. The originality or tamper resistance feature is crucial for PHR system because of the irreversible consequence of incorrect information. Blockchain technology becomes a potential solution due to its immutability and irreversibility properties. Unfortunately, some technical impediments such as limited storage, privacy concern, consent irrevocability, inefficient performance, and energy consumption exist. This work aims to handle these blockchain drawbacks and propose a blockchain-based PHR model. The proposed model is built using the blockchain technology to support a tamper resistance feature. Proxy reencryption and other cryptographic techniques are employed to preserve privacy. Features of the proposed model include fine-grained and flexible access control, revocability of consent, auditability, and tamper resistance. A detailed security analysis shows that the proposed model is provably secure for privacy and tamper resistance. The performance analysis shows that the proposed model achieves a better overall performance compared with the existing approach in the literature. Thus the proposed model is more suitable for the PHR system usage.
LC-ESI-MS/MS Phenolic Profile of Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Extracts and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Ben Salah Hichem , Smaoui Slim , Abdennabi Raed , Allouche Noureddine
Published: June 2019

Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass., an indigenous perennial herb from the Tunisian flora, belongs to the medicinally important genus Volutaria Cass. (Asteraceae) which comprises eighteen species widely distributed in the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean Basin. In this study, five different extracts from Tunisian Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions have the highest levels in phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed remarkable antioxidant activities using DPPH (IC50= 11.50±0.57 and 28.81±1.35μg/mL, respectively), total antioxidant capacity (105.21±0.01 and 98.77±0.02 mg vitamin E/g extract, respectively), and reducing power (EC50= 55.40±2.00 and 66.65±1.40 μg/mL, respectively) methods. Furthermore, they exhibited noticeable antiacetylcholinesterase and antidiabetic activities and a moderate antibacterial effect when compared to that of standards. Principal component analysis allowed highlighting the ethyl acetate extract for its interesting acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and alpha-amylase activities and the aqueous fraction for its remarkably antibacterial activity, and their richness in phytochemical content. Interestingly, the LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of both fractions allowed the identification of ten phenolic acids and eight flavonoids. The 3-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids constituted the most abundant components in the two fractions. Taken together, these findings demonstrated, for the first time, that Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. is a potential source of biological active compounds which could be used in a wide range of fields, namely, nutrition and complementary pharmacological drug.
Recycling Endosomes in Mature Epithelia Restrain Tumorigenic Signaling
Authors: D'Agostino Luca , Nie Yingchao , Goswami Sayantani , Tong Kevin , Yu Shiyan , Bandyopadhyay Sheila , Flores Juan , Zhang Xiao , Balasubramanian Iyshwarya , Joseph Ivor , Sakamori Ryotaro , Farrell Victoria , Li Qi , Yang Chung S. , Gao Bin , Ferraris Ronaldo P. , Yehia Ghassan , Bonder Edward M. , Goldenring James R. , Verzi Michael P. , Zhang Lanjing , Ip Y. Tony , Gao Nan
Published: June 2019

The effects of polarized membrane trafficking in mature epithelial tissue on cell growth and cancer progression have not been fully explored in vivo. A majority of colorectal cancers have reduced and mislocalized Rab11, a small GTPase dedicated to trafficking of recycling endosomes. Patients with low Rab11 protein expression have poor survival rates. Using genetic models across species, we show that intact recycling endosome function restrains aberrant epithelial growth elicited by APC or RAS mutations. Loss of Rab11 protein led to epithelial dysplasia in early animal development and synergized with oncogenic pathways to accelerate tumor progression initiated by carcinogen, genetic mutation, or aging. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered an immediate expansion of the intestinal stem cell pool along with cell-autonomous Yki/Yap activation following disruption of Rab11a-mediated recycling endosomes. Intestinal tumors lacking Rab11a traffic exhibited marked elevation of nuclear Yap, upd3/IL6-Stat3, and amphiregulin-MAPK signaling, whereas suppression of Yki/Yap or upd3/IL6 reduced gut epithelial dysplasia and hyperplasia. Examination of Rab11a function in enteroids or cultured cell lines suggested that this endosome unit is required for suppression of the Yap pathway by Hippo kinases. Thus, recycling endosomes in mature epithelia constitute key tumor suppressors, loss of which accelerates carcinogenesis.

Significance:

Recycling endosome traffic in mature epithelia constitutes a novel tumor suppressing mechanism.
La democratización de la capacidad para mirar Sobre la crítica fotográfica de Juan José Millás
Authors: Tanner Constanza Lucía
Published: June 2019

La obra del valenciano Juan José Millás exhibe un interés de base por mixturar dos campos tradicionalmente diferenciados: literatura y periodismo. En Todo son preguntas (2005) y El ojo de la cerradura (2006), Millás avanza otro paso, enlazando con su oficio de escritor la reflexión sobre la rama no verbal del lenguaje. Para ello apelará al registro del escritor de ficción, del columnista de periódicos y del crítico amateur de fotografías, a fin de exponer las impresiones que le generaron algunas imágenes publicadas en el diario El país. Como dichas imágenes despliegan un mensaje propio con independencia de que exista o no un lenguaje verbal que las “explique”, Millás no podría asegurar que los espectadores interpretasen las fotografías de un modo particular a partir de su intervención; su opción será llamar la atención de los lectores ofreciéndoles las herramientas para potenciar una mirada crítica personal despegada de la ideología dominante.
Number of Circulating CD73‐Expressing Lymphocytes Correlates With Survival After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ryzhov Sergey , May Teresa , Dziodzio John , Emery Ivette F. , Lucas F. L. , Leclerc Angela , McCrum Barbara , Lord Christine , Eldridge Ashley , Robich Michel P. , Ichinose Fumito , Sawyer Douglas B. , Riker Richard , Seder David B.
Published: June 2019

Background

Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (
CA
) have highly variable neurological, circulatory, and systemic ischemia‐reperfusion injuries. After the initial hypoxic‐ischemic insult, a cascade of immune and inflammatory responses develops and is often fatal. The role of the immune response in pathophysiological characteristics and recovery is not well understood. We studied immune cell activity and its association with outcomes in a cohort of CA survivors.

Methods and Results

After informed consent, we collected blood samples at intervals over a week after resuscitation from
CA
. We examined the expression of
CD
39 and
CD
73 (alias 5′‐nucleotidase), production of tumor necrosis factor‐α, generation of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells, in comparison to cells obtained from control subjects before coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. The number of circulating total and
CD
73‐expressing lymphocytes correlated with survival after
CA
. Incubation of immune cells, obtained from post‐
CA
subjects, with
AMP
, a substrate for
CD
73, resulted in inhibition of tumor necrosis factor‐α production and generation of reactive oxygen species. This effect was blocked by adenosine 5′‐(α, β‐methylene) diphosphate, a specific inhibitor of
CD
73 and
ZM
241385, an A2 adenosine receptor antagonist. We also found that
AMP
‐dependent activation of
CD
73 induces production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Conclusions

CD
73‐expressing lymphocytes mediate cellular protection from inflammation after
CA
through inhibition of proinflammatory activation of myeloid cells and promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. The contribution of
CD
73 lymphocytes in the regulation of acute inflammation and tissue injury after
CA
warrants further study.
Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Ponti Edoardo Maria , O’Horan Helen , Berzak Yevgeni , Vulić Ivan , Reichart Roi , Poibeau Thierry , Shutova Ekaterina , Korhonen Anna
Published: June 2019

Linguistic typology aims to capture structural and semantic variation across the world’s languages. A large-scale typology could provide excellent guidance for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly for languages that suffer from the lack of human labeled resources. We present an extensive literature survey on the use of typological information in the development of NLP techniques. Our survey demonstrates that to date, the use of information in existing typological databases has resulted in consistent but modest improvements in system performance. We show that this is due to both intrinsic limitations of databases (in terms of coverage and feature granularity) and under-utilization of the typological features included in them. We advocate for a new approach that adapts the broad and discrete nature of typological categories to the contextual and continuous nature of machine learning algorithms used in contemporary NLP. In particular, we suggest that such an approach could be facilitated by recent developments in data-driven induction of typological knowledge.
Morphological and phylogenetical description of Dennisiomyces fibrillosus sp. nov. (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from the Pyrenees and the first record of the genus in Europe
Authors: CORRIOL GILLES , JARGEAT PATRICIA
Published: June 2019

Dennisiomyces fibrillosus sp. nov. is described as a new species based on morpho-anatomical and molecular analyses and on two collections from the northern slopes of the mid-occidental Pyrenees (France). Despite a certain deviance, the best genus currently available for this species is the mainly tropical and subtropical genus Dennisiomyces, so far unknown in Europe. The recorded differences and the relationships with the closest genera are discussed.
Guihaia heterosquama, a new species of coryphoid palm (Arecaceae) from Chongqing, China
Authors: LI XIANYUAN , PENG HUI , HE XI , LI ZHINENG , WU DI
Published: June 2019

Guihaia heterosquama X. Y. Li, a new species from Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. Guihaia heterosquama is similar to G. grossifibrosa and G. argyrata both in the shape of the leaf blade and flower structure, but it can be easily distinguished by its leaf scales, leaf sheath fibers and hastula. Notably, Guihaia heterosquama differs from all the reported species of Guihaia by the presence of a distinct pistillode in the male flower.
Molecular systematics of Malagasy poison frogs in the Mantella betsileo and M. laevigata species groups
Authors: RABEMANANJARA FALITIANA C.E. , CROTTINI ANGELICA , CHIARI YLENIA , ANDREONE FRANCO , GLAW FRANK , DUGUET REMÍ , BORA PARFAIT , RAMILIJAONA OLGA RAVOAHANGIMALALA , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: June 2019

Malagasy poison frogs of the genus Mantella with its 16 species are currently sub-divided into 5 major groups. Of these, the Mantella betsileo group is traditionally understood as containing four species, Mantella betsileo, M. expectata, M. viridis and M. manery, while the M. laevigata group is considered to be monospecific. A phylogenetic analysis of samples from multiple localities of all species in these two groups, based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, shows the existence of several well-distinct clades in what is currently considered to be Mantella betsileo: (1) central-western populations from Kirindy, Isalo, and near Antsirabe close to the Betsileo region, to which the name M. betsileo is to be applied, (2) populations of the north-east and north-west, which are closely related to M. viridis and to which the name M. ebenaui is to be applied, and (3) a clade from southernmost Madagascar and from the Tsingy de Bemaraha, which is sister to M. expectata and furthermore includes important intra-clade variation, therefore probably representing one or two undescribed species. Our data also support a large genetic distance of M. manery to all other species and its probable sister-group relationship to the sympatric M. laevigata; M. manery is consequently transferred from the M. betsileo group to the M. laevigata group.
ZooBank: Developing a nomenclatural tool for unifying 250 years of biological information
Authors: PYLE RICHARD L. , MICHEL ELLINOR
Published: June 2019

Nomenclature represents the backbone upon which virtually all biological information is organized. However, the practice of zoological nomenclature has changed relatively little since its start in 1758. As modern technology changes the paradigm under which modern scientists exchange information, there is increasing need to capitalize on these same technologies to fortify nomenclature. ZooBank has been proposed as the official registry of names and nomenclatural acts, in zoology, as well as associated published works and their authors, and type specimens. Having a coordinated registry of zoological names, integrated with the existing Code of Zoological Nomenclature, will allow increased efficiency of communication among biologists, and enhanced stability of names. Such a registry would encompass two distinct realms, each with their own set of challenges. Retrospective registration involves the monumental task of aggregating and validating two and a half centuries of existing names, whereas prospective registration must be tightly integrated with the future paradigm in which scientific names are created and managed under new models of publication. The prototype of ZooBank has been hosted at Bishop Museum during its initial development phase. Following the lead of standard-setting bodies in biodiversity informatics, Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) have been selected for use as the globally unique identifiers for ZooBank registration entries. The first ZooBank LSIDs were issued on January 1 st , 2008, and included five new fish species described in a work published that same day, as well as all 4,819 names established in the 10 th Edition of Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae. Three alternate scenarios for implementing mandatory registration in ZooBank have been articulated, each incorporating different degrees of coordination between published works and registration events. A robust discussion involving a broad spectrum of practicing zoological taxonomists is required over the next several years to define the specific implementation aspects of ZooBank.
Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: OYEWO EMMANUEL ADEOYE , SÆTHER OLE A.
Published: June 2019

Six new species are described as males: P. (Pe.) botiense, P. (Pe.) botosaneanui, P. (Pe.) camposense, P. (Pe.) intuber, P. (Pe.) reei, and P. (Pe.) tissamaharense. One additional species is described as female imago. P. (Pe.) pseudotritum and P. (Pe.) utonaiprimum are synonyms of P. (Pe.) tigrinum, and P. (Pe.) takorageheum and P. (Pe.) famibeceum synonyms of P. (Pe.) furusecundum. Five species misidentified as Pentapedilum and one as Polypedilum s. str. have been transferred, four to Polypedilum s. str. [P. (P.) inaijeum Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki, P. (P.) iriodeeum Sasa et Suzuki, P. (P.) jokasecundum Sasa et Ogata, and P. (P.) parasordens Ree], one to Ainuyusurika [A. yakuabeum (Sasa et Suzuki)] and one to P. (Uresi- pedilum). P. (Pe.) pseudotritum and P. (Pe.) utonaiprimum are synonymized with P. (Pe.) tigrinum, and P. (Pe.) tokarageheum and P. (Pe.) famibeceum synonymized with P. (Pe.) furudosecundum. Subgeneric diagnoses are given for all stages and sexes of the subgenus Pentapedilum Kieffer. Keys are provided for all stages and sexes of all available material from all zoogeographical regions. The phylogenetic analysis, which included some species of Polypedilum s. str. and all available Pentapedilum indicate that Pentapedilum is likely monophyletic, while Polypedilum s. str. is polyphyletic. The subgenus Pentapedilum can be divided into three relatively distinct apical groups and the remaining species in a basal Hennigian comb when a parsimony analysis is done. The convexum group consists of one Afrotropical species, and five High, East and South Asian species with one of them also occurring in the Indo-Pacific. The sordens group consists of 13 species from Asia, the Indo-Pacific and Africa. The apparently paraphyletic uncinatum group consists of 9 species from the Holarctic and Oriental regions. The zoogeographical distribution does not support any vicariance patterns, but indicates that the present distribution is caused by dispersal. Diagnostic characters and keys to the males of Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki is given and Pentapedilum yakuabeum Sasa et Suzuki and Polypedilum (P.) yakucedeum Sasa et Suzuki assigned to the genus. The genus appears to be close to Phaenopsectra Kieffer and is known from Japan only.
Phylogeny and distribution of the Australian longicorn beetle genus Uracanthus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: THONGPHAK DUANGRAT , WANG QIAO
Published: June 2019

The Australia genus Uracanthus consists of 39 species and its larvae are known to be borers of at least 31 genera of trees and parasitic plants in 15 families (Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Loranthaceae, Myrtaceae, Pittosporaceae, Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Xanthorrhoeaceae), including some economically important crops such as citrus, litchi, peach, plum, and apricot. The phylogeny and biogeographic distribution of the genus were investigated in this paper. Here, the monophylies of the genus and seven species groups are inferred based on morphological characters of 39 ingroup and four outgroup species. However, several species groups still need additional steps to become monophyletic and are currently considered paraphyletic. The Uracanthus fauna occur in five biogeographic subregions: the Kosciuskan, Western and Eyrean in southern and central Australia, and the Torresian and Timorian in northern Australia. The fauna are richest with highest endemism in the Kosciuskan and Western. The Kosciuskan and Western are similar in faunal composition and closely related; the Eyrean has probably acted as a faunal exchange transit area between the Kosciuskan and Western, and the two northern Australian subregions have no endemic species. When the areas of endemism of each species are attached to the proposed phylogenetic tree, a clear picture of the distribution patterns of species groups in relation to phylogeny is obtained. It is suggested that the speciation and species radiation of Uracanthus may have occurred first in the Kosciuskan, then in the Western, and finally in the Eyrean, Torresian, and Timorian.
A new species of the ant genus Forelius (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from the dry forest of Colombia
Authors: GUERRERO ROBERTO J. , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO
Published: June 2019

Forelius damiani sp. nov. is described from the dry forest of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, and additional collections from Costa Rica and Texas (USA). This new species is separated from the other rounded spiracles Forelius by the number of erect pronotal hairs, size and coloration. Comments and hypotheses about the biogeography of the genus are provided. Forelius pruinosus is recorded for the first time for Colombia.
Cheiloneurus pistaciae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a facultative hyperparasitoid of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), a pest of pistachio trees in Iran
Authors: MANICKAVASAGAM S. , MEHRNEJAD M. R. , NOYES JOHN S.
Published: June 2019

The pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), is a native and well known univoltine pest of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran and Turkey (Mehrnejad 2001). The moth lays eggs on the flower clusters and the newly hatched larva penetrates into the cluster tissue. The earliest damage appears in the young succulent clusters when the whole cluster turns black and falls off the trees. A larva bores a tunnel in the cluster towards the twigs and lives there for about ten months. The pest causes fruit drop and the infested twigs do not grow well. Surveys were conducted from 2003 – 2006 in the pistachio growing areas in Kerman province, in the southern part of Iran, to monitor the parasitoid complex associated with K. pistaciella. During this project, an encyrtid parasitoid was reared from pupae of both the pest and its primary parasitoid, Chelonus kermakiae Tobias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). As the biology of this encyrtid is unique within the family it is described below. It is provisionally placed within the genus Cheiloneurus Westwood (see discussion below).
A taxonomic revision of the weevil genus Picia Tournier, 1895 (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Erirhinidae)
Authors: CALDARA ROBERTO
Published: June 2019

The Palaearctic weevil genus Picia Tournier, 1895 is revised for the first time. Three valid species are recognised: P. sinuatocollis (Faust, 1885), P. mesopotamica (Tournier, 1889) and P. syriaca (Reitter, 1889). The following new synonymies are proposed: P. sinuatocollis (= Faustia ephimeropoides Tournier, 1889 syn. n.; = Ephimeropus fenestratus Reitter, 1889 syn. n.; = Picia alfierii Pic, 1914 syn. n.; = Picia druinei Pic, 1917 syn. n.; = Hydronomidius punjabensis Pajni & Kamal Tewari, 1985 syn. n.); P. mesopotamica (= Faustia caucasica Tournier, 1889 syn. n.; = Faustia millingi Tournier, 1889 syn. n.; = Ephimeropus flaveolus Reitter, 1889 syn. n.; = Picia distinctipennis Pic, 1901 syn. n.). Faustia ephimeropoides Tournier, 1889 (syn. of Picia sinuatocollis (Faust)) is designated as the type species of Faustia Tournier. Neotypes of Faustia caucasica Tournier, 1889 and Faustia millingi Tournier, 1889 and lectotypes of the following taxa are designated: Ephimeropus fenestratus Reitter, 1889, Ephimeropus flaveolus Reitter, 1889, Ephimeropus syriacus Reitter, 1889, Faustia ephimeropoides Tournier, 1889, Faustia mesopotamica Tournier, 1889, Hydronomus sinuatocollis Faust, 1885, Picia alfierii Pic, 1914, Picia distinctipennis Pic, 1901, Picia druinei Pic, 1917. On the basis of external characters, as well as the shape of the terminalia, Picia appears very closely related to the genus Echinocnemus Schoenherr, 1843.
Species of the genus Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: BUŞMACHIU GALINA , WEINER WANDA MARIA
Published: June 2019

Previously, only three species of the genus Xenylla were known from the Republic of Moldova: Xenylla boerneri (Axelson, 1905), Xenylla brevicauda Tullberg, 1869, Xenylla brevisimilis brevisimilis Stach, 1949 (Buşmachiu 2000, 2006), although 123 edaphic or corticolous species are known in the genus worldwide.
A new generic name for the Cuban Bare-legged Owl Gymnoglaux lawrencii Sclater and Salvin
Authors: OLSON STORRS L. , SUÁREZ WILLIAM
Published: June 2019

The two species of Antillean "screech" owls, notable for having unfeathered tarsi and lacking erectile "ear" tufts, have a rather complicated early history because specimens were at first very rare in collections so that for a long time no investigator was able to compare the two side by side.  The first to be described was Strix nudipes Daudin (1800), now known as the Puerto Rican Screech-Owl Otus nudipes (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1983, 1998).   Bonaparte (1854) proposed the monotypic genus Gymnasio for the Puerto Rican bird with Strix nudipes Daudin as the type.
Haploops antarctica n. sp. (Crustacea: Gammaridea: Ampeliscidae): the first species of the genus Haploops from the Southern Antarctic Ocean
Authors: BELLAN-SANTINI DENISE , DAUVIN JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: June 2019

Haploops antarctica n. sp. is described based on an female adult collected in the Antarctic peninsula (Bellingshausen Sea). This is the first species in the genus Haploops, which is a genus of generally deep boreal amphipods, to be found in the Southern Antarctic Ocean. Morphological characteristics that distinguish this new species from its congeners are the antenna formula A1>pedA2, the A1 and A2 < body length, the lobe of pereopod 7 expanded and densely setose, and the presence of one apical spine and one seta on the telson. In this paper, the new species is fully described and compared with related species; the relationship between H. antarctica and the geographical distribution of the genus is discussed; and a complete key of the 18 valid species in the genus Haploops is given.
New species of Moluccan trichaline net-winged beetles, with remarks on the phylogenetic position and distribution of Schizotrichalus (Coleoptera: Lycidae: Metriorrhynchinae)
Authors: BOCEK MATEJ , ADAMKOVA KRISTYNA
Published: June 2019

The Moluccan net-winged beetle fauna remains poorly studied and here, new species of Schizotrichalus Kleine, 1926 and Eniclases Waterhouse, 1879 are reported from Halmahera. Using morphological traits and cox1 mitochondrial DNA sequences, we propose two new species, Eniclases kusyi sp. nov. and Schizotrichalus halmaherensis sp. nov., and redescribe E. moluccanus Kleine, 1930. New molecular data confirm morphology-based sister relationships between Schizotrichalus and Eniclases and the analysis identifies the combined area of the present-day Halmahera and New Guinea as an ancestral area of these genera. Now, Halmahera and New Guinea are quite similar in respect of the number of trichaline genera. Concerning the size of islands and the recent origin of the nowadays northern Moluccas, these results are unexpected and thus the general validity of this distribution pattern should be confirmed with other groups of beetles.
Sensitivity of Simulated GMI Brightness Temperatures to Variations in Particle Size Distributions in a Severe Hailstorm
Authors: Leppert II Kenneth D. , Cecil Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) brightness temperatures (BTs) were simulated over a case of severe convection in Texas using ground-based S-band radar and the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator. The median particle diameter Do of a normalized gamma distribution was varied for different hydrometeor types under the constraint of fixed radar reflectivity to better understand how simulated GMI BTs respond to changing particle size distribution parameters. In addition, simulations were conducted to assess how low BTs may be expected to reach from realistic (although extreme) particle sizes or concentrations. Results indicate that increasing Do for cloud ice, graupel, and/or hail leads to warmer BTs (i.e., weaker scattering signature) at various frequencies. Channels at 166.0 and 183.31 ± 7 GHz are most sensitive to changing Do of cloud ice, channels at ≥89.0 GHz are most sensitive to changing Do of graupel, and at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz they show the greatest sensitivity to hail Do. Simulations contrasting BTs above high concentrations of small (0.5-cm diameter) and low concentrations of large (20-cm diameter) hailstones distributed evenly across a satellite pixel showed much greater scattering using the higher concentration of smaller hailstones with BTs as low as ~110, ~33, ~22, ~46, ~100, and ~106 K at 10.65, 18.7, 36.5, 89.0, 166.0, and 183.31 ± 7 GHz, respectively. These results suggest that number concentration is more important for scattering than particle size given a constant S-band radar reflectivity.
A Vascular Aging Index as Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Events and Total Mortality in an Elderly Urban Population
Authors: Nilsson Wadström Benjamin , Fatehali Abd-al Hakim , Engström Gunnar , Nilsson Peter M.
Published: June 2019

The morphology and function of the arteries can be directly measured using different established methods. This prospective cohort study aimed to translate 2 of these, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), into a combined Vascular Aging Index (VAI) and then evaluate the predictive power of aPWV, cIMT, and VAI. Patients (n = 2718) were included from the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (median age 71.9 years, 62.2% females). Total follow-up time was 16 448 person-years and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) end point was used. Cox regressions yielded adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) per 1 standard deviation increment of loge aPWV, loge cIMT, and loge VAI of 1.25 (1.08-1.45, P = .003), 1.27 (1.13-1.44, P < .001), and 1.45 (1.26-1.68, P < .001), respectively. The C-statistics increased from 0.714 to 0.734 when adding aPWV and cIMT to a model of conventional risk factors. Net Reclassification Index also showed a significant ( P < .001) improvement for the classification of event-free patients and no change for patients with events. A VAI based on aPWV and cIMT had a good predictive performance. Used together, aPWV and cIMT incrementally and significantly improve the prediction of CVD events by correctly down-adjusting the predicted risk for noncases.
Systematic review: Do commercial tourniquets have potential to be a life-saving intervention for ambulance services?
Authors: Wongtongkam Nualnong
Published: June 2019

Background:

Globally, terrorist attacks have major impact because of high rates of mortality and severe injury. Compression with direct pressure may be time-consuming in limb exsanguination and accelerate onset of haemorrhagic shock. Tourniquet applications have undergone scrutiny over a long period, but recently tourniquets have been developed and modified for effective and efficient use in prehospital settings to mitigate adverse effects.

Objectives:

This systematic review aimed at examining commercial tourniquets that demonstrated efficacy for use in prehospital services.

Methods:

Six search engines (ScienceDirect, Ovid, PubMed, SAGE, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis) were used and articles of which 14 were selected for data analysis.

Results:

The findings were not sufficiently conclusive to pinpoint whether one tourniquet application was superior overall; however, Combat Application Tourniquet appeared to be better than other commercial tourniquets in terms of occlusion of distal blood flow, easy and quick self-application and fewer complications.

Conclusion:

In prehospital settings, ambulance personnel should not hesitate to apply tourniquets when encountering critical circumstances in which they must choose between saving life and potential complications.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Maintains Brush Border Membrane NaPi2a and Attenuates Phosphaturia in Hyp Mice
Authors: Martins Janaina S , Liu Eva S , Sneddon W Bruce , Friedman Peter A , Demay Marie B
Published: June 2019

Phosphate homeostasis is critical for many cellular processes and is tightly regulated. The sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, NaPi2a, is the major regulator of urinary phosphate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Its activity is dependent upon its brush border localization that is regulated by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and PTH. High levels of FGF23, as are seen in the Hyp mouse model of human X-linked hypophosphatemia, lead to renal phosphate wasting. Long-term treatment of Hyp mice with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) or 1,25D analogues has been shown to improve renal phosphate wasting in the setting of increased FGF23 mRNA expression. Studies were undertaken to define the cellular and molecular basis for this apparent FGF23 resistance. 1,25D increased FGF23 protein levels in the cortical bone and circulation of Hyp mice but did not impair FGF23 cleavage. 1,25D attenuated urinary phosphate wasting as early as one hour postadministration, without suppressing FGF23 receptor/coreceptor expression. Although 1,25D treatment induced expression of early growth response 1, an early FGF23 responsive gene required for its phosphaturic effects, it paradoxically enhanced renal phosphate reabsorption and NaPi2a protein expression in renal brush border membranes (BBMs) within one hour. The Na-H+ exchange regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffolding protein thought to anchor NaPi2a to the BBM. Although 1,25D did not alter NHERF1 protein levels acutely, it enhanced NHERF1-NaPi2a interactions in Hyp mice. 1,25D also prevented the decrease in NHERF1/NaPi2a interactions in PTH-treated wild-type mice. Thus, these investigations identify a novel role for 1,25D in the hormonal regulation of renal phosphate handling.
Association Between Urinary Triclosan With Bone Mass Density and Osteoporosis in US Adult Women, 2005‒2010
Authors: Cai Shaofang , Zhu Jiahao , Sun Lingling , Fan Chunhong , Zhong Yaohong , Shen Qing , Li Yingjun
Published: June 2019

Context

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that triclosan (TCS) can cause significant interstitial collagen accumulation and an increase in trabecular bone. However, little is known about the relationship between TCS exposure and human bone health.

Methods

We used 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine the association between urinary TCS concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in US adult women aged ≥20 years. After inclusion and exclusion, 1848 women were analyzed.

Results

After adjustment for other covariates, we observed significant associations between tertile 3 of TCS concentration and lower BMD in regions of the total femur (β = −0.016; 95% CI = −0.032, −0.000), intertrochanteric region (β = −0.022; 95% CI = −0.042, −0.002), and lumbar spine (β = −0.014; 95% CI = −0.029, 0.001), respectively, relative to tertile 1. Compared with women at tertile 1, those at tertile 3 were more likely to have increased prevalence of osteoporosis in the intertrochanteric region (OR = 2.464; 95% CI = 1.190, 5.105).

Conclusion

This epidemiological study investigated the association between urinary TCS concentration and BMD and osteoporosis in US adult women. We found urinary TCS concentration was negatively associated with BMD and was positively associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis. The evidence was stronger in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
PKR activation by noncanonical ligands: a 5′-triphosphate requirement versus antisense contamination
Authors: Safran Sarah A. , Eckert Debra M. , Leslie Evan A. , Bass Brenda L.
Published: June 2019

Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is an interferon-inducible kinase that is potently activated by long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In a previous study, we found that snoRNAs exhibit increased association with PKR in response to metabolic stress. While it was unclear if snoRNAs also activated PKR in cells, activation in vitro was observed. snoRNAs do not exhibit the double-stranded character typically required for activation of PKR, but some studies suggest such RNAs can activate PKR if triphosphorylated at the 5′ terminus, or if they are able to form intermolecular dimers. To interrogate the mechanism of PKR activation by snoRNAs in vitro we focused on SNORD113. Using multiple methods for defining the 5′-phosphorylation state, we find that activation of PKR by SNORD113 does not require a 5′-triphosphate. Gel purification from a native gel followed by analysis using analytical ultracentrifugation showed that dimerization was also not responsible for activation. We isolated distinct conformers of SNORD113 from a native polyacrylamide gel and tracked the activating species to dsRNA formed from antisense RNA synthesized during in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase. Similar studies with additional snoRNAs and small RNAs showed the generality of our results. Our studies suggest that a 5′ triphosphate is not an activating ligand for PKR, and emphasize the insidious nature of antisense contamination.
ARE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND TUBE FEEDING ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS ON PALLIATIVE CARE?
Authors: Cruz Franciele Carolina Soares , Borges Florença Maria , Da Silva Eliza Helena Eliete , Pena Geórgia Das Graças
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do estado nutricional e da alimentação via sonda na qualidade de vida de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo pacientes oncológicos cadastrados no Programa de Cuidados Paliativos de um hospital universitário (n=70). Informações sobre a terapia nutricional (alimentação por sonda ou alimentação via oral) foram coletadas por meio de um questionário previamente estruturado. A avaliação nutricional foi realizada através da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP). Além disso, o questionário EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL foi utilizado para avaliar a Qualidade de Vida. Resultados: Dos 70 pacientes, 58,6% (n=41) eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 31 e 101 anos. Os tumores mais frequentes foram cabeça e pescoço (18,6%; n=13). A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 87,2% (n=61). Em relação à via alimentar, 84,3% (n=59) receberam alimentação por via oral e 15,7% (n=11), alimentação por sonda. O escore médio para o domínio Qualidade de Vida Global foi de 66,6, independentemente da via de alimentação. Pacientes desnutridos apresentaram maior escore nos domínios Função Física (34,9 ± 30; p=0,005) e Dispneia (20,7 ± 29,9; p=0,02). A alimentação por sonda foi associada a uma maior frequência de náusea (39,3 ± 35,9; p=0,014). Conclusões: Uma baixa proporção de pacientes alimentados com sonda (15,7%) foi obtida. No entanto, houve alta frequência de desnutrição (87,2%). O estado nutricional e a alimentação por sonda não foram associados à Qualidade de Vida Global dos pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. No entanto, a desnutrição esteve associada a pior prognóstico: diminuição da função física e dispneia, enquanto a alimentação por sonda foi associada a uma maior incidência de náusea.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.38198
Predicting the Spread of Malware Outbreaks Using Autoencoder Based Neutral Networks
Authors: Gopika Bhardwaj , Rashi Yadav
Published: June 2019

Malware Outbreaks are pervasive in today's digital world. However, there is a lack of awareness on part of general public on how to safeguard against such attacks and a need for increased cooperation between various national and international research as well as governmental organizations to combat the threat. On the positive side, cyber security websites, blogs and newsletters post articles outlining the working and spread of a malware outbreak and steps to recover from the same as well. In this project, an effective approach to predicting the spread of malware outbreaks is presented. The scope of the project is 15 Malware Outbreaks and the approach involves collecting these cyber aware articles from the web, assigning them to the 15 Malware Outbreaks using Topic Modeling and Similarity Analysis and along with Spread information of the Malware Outbreaks, this is input to auto encoder neural network for learning latent space representations which are further used to predict the spread of malware outbreak as either high or low spread outbreak, achieving a prediction accuracy of 75.56. This work can be used to process large amount of cyber aware content for effective and accurate prediction in the era of much-needed cyber security.
Properties of Simple and Generalized Laguerre Functions for Time-delay System Approximations
Authors: Zsitva Norbert
Published: June 2019

The properties of the simple and generalized Laguerre functions for time-invariant system approximations are discussed. The expressions for these functions are presented and the differences between them are shown. The approximations heavily depend on the free parameters of the Laguerre functions. Because of this, the optimal choice of these parameters is described for both the simple and the generalized functions. This assures that the results are satisfactory. The approximations are shown on two different systems. These approximations are evaluated with the help of the quadratic error criterion. It is shown that the results differ for the two chosen systems. The reason behind this is explained with the help of the Laguerre functions' properties and the initial value theorem.
The Effect of In Vitro Hemolysis on Measurement of Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Nishimura Fumitaka , Uno Naoki , Chiang Ping-Chia , Kaku Norihito , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Hasegawa Hiroo , Yanagihara Katsunori
Published: June 2019

Background

Hemolysis during blood drawing is a common cause of laboratory artifacts. Although circulating cell-free tumor DNA and fetal DNA are currently measured in routine practice, the effect of in vitro hemolysis on the measurement of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has not been investigated. When in vitro hemolysis occurs, cellular DNA could be released from damaged white blood cells and reduce the fraction of circulating tumor DNA and fetal DNA.

Methods

Blood from healthy individuals was collected and passed through a narrow needle to cause in vitro hemolysis. Plasma was separated before and after mechanical damage, and concentrations of free hemoglobin and cfDNA of 2 reference genes were measured.

Results

cfDNA of 2 reference genes and free hemoglobin increased after mechanical damage. A clear correlation between cfDNA and free hemoglobin was observed.

Conclusion

cfDNA concentrations are higher in hemolyzed plasma. Therefore, the fraction of circulating tumor DNA and fetal DNA can be underestimated in plasma hemolyzed by inappropriate blood collection techniques.
Дискуссионные вопросы по оценке материалов переписи 1897 г. как источника по истории казахского народа и Казахстана (обзор историографии)
Authors: Иванова Наталья Петровна , Брюханова Елена Александровна , Калиева Канша Саветкановна , Егоренкова Елена Николаевна
Published: June 2019

На основе работ исследователей выявляются дискуссионные вопросы оценки данных Первой всеобщей переписи населения Российской империи 1897 г. для изучения истории казахского народа и Казахстана.

Источниками стали публикации российских и зарубежных исследователей по истории казахского народа и Казахстана, подготовленные по материалам переписи, в том числе погубернские выпуски, общий свод результатов переписи, специальные выпуски по занятиям населения, рабочим и прислуге.

Анализируются проблемы разной интерпретации исследователями данных переписи 1897 г. в определении численности казахов и состава населения Казахстана по материалам агрегированных данных, обусловленные рядом факторов: несоответствие исторических и современных административно-территориальных границ; установление этнической принадлежности человека на основании родного языка. Уделяется внимание проблемам сбора и обработки данных, которые, по мнению исследователей, могли повлиять на качество некоторых результатов переписи 1897 г.

Делается вывод о том, что отмеченные недостатки в целом не уменьшают значения материалов переписи 1897 г. для истории казахского народа и Казахстана, тем не менее, некоторые опубликованные данные требуют критического подхода и проверки.
Образ Бельгии как «жертвы» в британской пропаганде периода Первой мировой войны
Authors: Ульянов Павел Владимирович
Published: June 2019

Рассматривается вопрос о создании образа Бельгии как «жертвы германской агрессии» во время Первой мировой войны. Данный образ был одним из средств воздействия на сознание британцев и побуждения их к вступлению в вооруженные силы Соединенного Королевства, чтобы бороться с Германией как с «внешней угрозой». Для оправдания собственных действий по вынужденному применению вооруженной силы и предотвращению агрессии, вызванной интервенцией немецких войск на территорию Бельгии, в британской периодической печати получил распространение сюжет об «ее изнасиловании». В современной исторической науке, особенно британской, этот вопрос широко изучается. Однако ученые-историки при его исследовании не учитывают всеобъемлющий характер этого агитационного сюжета. Поэтому автор ставит целью рассмотреть сюжет об «изнасиловании Бельгии» в контексте развития «образа жертвы» в британской пропаганде периода Первой мировой войны. Основная задача заключается в выявлении особенностей его влияния на процесс формирования целостного образа Германии как «внешнего врага». Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод, что сформированный в период военного конфликта образ Бельгии как «жертвы германской агрессии» в пропаганде носил всеобъемлющий характер. В результате сложившийся целостный сюжет об «ее изнасиловании» стал одним из основных пропагандистских сюжетов на протяжении Первой мировой войны.
Африканский капкан для Эммануэля Макрона
Authors: Филиппов Василий Рудольфович
Published: June 2019

Статья посвящена выяснению причин наращивания Францией военного присутствия в странах Тропической Африки. История африканской политики Пятой республики рассматривается в контексте энергетического кризиса, порожденного истощением запасов урановых руд на территории Франции. Специфика энергосистемы Французской республики состоит в несоразмерно высокой доле (около 75%) электроэнергии, вырабатываемой на АЭС. Это обстоятельство обусловливает зависимость бывшей метрополии от закупок урановой руды в странах субсахарской Африки, бывших в прошлом колониями Французской империи. По мнению автора, в условиях обострения конкурентной борьбы за африканские минеральные ресурсы Франция может сохранить свои эксклюзивные права на закупку сахельского урана по демпинговым ценам, только наращивая свое военное присутствие в зоне Сахеля и Центральной Африке. Автор обосновывает вывод о том, что президент Э. Макрон столкнулся с почти неразрешимой проблемой: чем выше затраты на военные операции, тем дороже африканский уран для французских АЭС, тем меньше смысла в проведении дорогостоящей военной кампании на Черном континенте.