bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the farm size influence the commercial production of African indigenous vegetables? a study on smallholder farmers in bobasi sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Kemunto Hyvonne W. , Nkurumwa Agnes O. , Kitonga Lydiah M.
Published: December 2024

The production of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) is of significant importance for smallholder farmers in Bobasi Sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya, contributing to food security, nutrition, and income improvement. However, its predominant focus remains on subsistence farming. This study investigates the influence of farm size on the commercial production of AIVs among smallholder farmers in the region. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study targeted 6,341 smallholder commercial AIV farmers from two wards in Bobasi Sub-County, with an accessible population of 2,363 commercial AIV farmers. Through proportionate random sampling, 154 commercial AIV farmers were selected from two purposively selected wards. Data collection utilized a semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The research instruments were validated by experts from Egerton University and Kisii University, and their reliability was confirmed through a pilot study in Kitutu Chache South Sub-County, Nyakoe Ward, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.745. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis using SPSS version 25. The AIVs under study were Spider plant (Chinsaga), Black nightshade (Rinagu), Cowpeas (Egesare), and Amaranth (Emboga). Moreover, income level influences farm size for AIV production, with 85% agreeing that farm size significantly impacts their decision to engage in commercial AIV production. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted interventions to support smallholder farmers in optimizing land use for AIV production, including access to appropriate technologies, training in efficient farming practices, and improving market access. These measures aim to enhance productivity and economic outcomes while promoting sustainable agriculture in the region.
Perception of the adoption determinants of rice husk stoves by women of the regional union of women rice parboilers of the Hills (Urfer-c) in Benin
Authors: Alokpaï Nestor , Hozanhekpon Christelle V.
Published: December 2024

Rice currently represents the second cereal in production in Benin, after maize. This study aims to understand better the perceptions of women rice parboilers regarding the use of rice husk stoves and to analyze the socio-economic determinants affecting its adoption. To carry out this study, 105 women rice parboilers were sampled and submitted to individual interviews and focus group discussions realization, using an interview guide and a survey questionnaire. From the results obtained, it appears that at the level of the parboiling centers, 74.29% of the parboilers adopted the rice husk stoves but used them combined with traditional stoves (three-stone firewood system). As economic favorable determinants of the adoption of rice husk stoves, they raised, among others, a reduction in the cost of parboiling and losses in quantities of parboiled rice, a decrease in cooking time, an increase of the amount of parboiled rice per unit of time, and obtaining a better quality of parboiled rice. They also mentioned some favorable social determinants such as: the preservation of the environment and the women's health, the reduction of the risk of burning their loincloths, and the reduction of the arduousness of the work. Even though rice husk stoves present several advantages, many factors limit their adoption, notably their purchasing cost, which looks pretty high; their height, which is unsuitable for the average height of women; and the high weight of the stoves, which makes them not easy to move by them. Faced with these shortcomings, research and extension structures must work to make it affordable to women and introduce modifications in the design of the stoves to adapt them to their physical conditions better.
Evaluation of eight (08) seeding densities of fifteen (15) accessions of Bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea l. verdcourt) in Far North-Cameroon
Authors: Alain Wassouo F. , Pierre Zalkohieu , Oumarou Yakouba , Ismael Sadou , Pierre Mvondo A. J. , Albert Ngakou , Ali Madi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify between eight seeding densities based on fifteen accessions of Bambara groundnut to determine the best seeding densities in Far North Cameroon. The experimental design is a factorial block that includes eight seeding densities applied to fifteen accessions of Bambara groundnut, repeated four times. The treatments are combinations between accessions of Bambara groundnut and seeding densities. Total 480 experimental units were used for data collection. The trials were conducted successively over three years (2016, 2017, and 2018). The data collected were analyzed with Genstat Statistical Package, 12th edition software. The results show significant variations between the fifteen accessions of Bambara groundnut and within the eight seeding densities tested. High seeding densities (40x20cm; 40x25cm) made it possible to get better yields in terms of the average number of pods, and average weight of pods and seeds. For the average weight of seeds during the three years of cultivation: 26,66%; 40% and 53,33% accessions presented better yields at D1 (125 000 plants/ha); followed by D2 (100 000 plants/ha) which also presented during the three years of cultivation: 6,67%; 33,34% and 33,34% accessions with better yields in average seed weight. Thus, density 1 (125000 plants/ha) and density 2 (100000 plants/ha) corresponding respectively to spacings of 40cmx20cm and 40cmx25cm made it possible to group more accessions presenting better yields in terms of an average number of pods, the average weight of pods and seeds. Highly statistically significant interactions between seedling densities and accessions of Bambara groundnut are observed; suggesting that the performance of a density also depends on that of the accession.
International Reputation Costs and Assurances: A Case of East Asia
Authors: Takei Makito
Published: December 2024

How can states credibly commit to peace and assure other countries? One source of credible assurances that previous studies identify is international reputation costs. When a state violates a previous commitment to peace, it loses its international reputation, which is costly in many ways. These reputational costs, in turn, should work as a tying-hands signal that makes peaceful commitments credible. Nonetheless, we only have a scarce empirical investigation about whether and under what conditions such reputation costs emerge. To address this problem, this study conducts a preregistered survey experiment in the United States using a hypothetical scenario of military buildups of China and Japan. The results indicate that the violation of commitments to peace hurts the credibility of future commitments, especially for a rival country. The findings suggest that, with some limitations, international reputation costs can be a reliable mechanism for the credibility of assurances.
Crop-specific response of soil prokaryotic community to long-term intensification management: the importance of crop phase at sampling
Authors: Frene Juan P. , Bacigaluppo Silvina , Maury Mariana , Ortiz Jimena , Rivarola Maximo , Salvagiotti Fernando , Faggioli Valeria
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The ecosystem services provided by soil microbial communities are critical for the resilience of agroecosystems, ensuring environmental conservation and food security. Long-term experiments comparing contrasting crop rotations are valuable tools for monitoring microbial responses, but they rarely include all crop phases within a single year. Therefore, the long-term agronomic impact may be masked by the immediate effect of the crop evaluated. In this study, we compared different crop rotations based on the Intensification Sequence Index (ISI), which considers the soil occupation time, and analyzed the impact of cover crops and two nitrogen fertilization strategies.

Material and methods

We used an experiment initiated in 2006 with the following crop rotations: Soybean-Soybean, Maize-Wheat/Soybean, and Maize-Soybean-Wheat/Soybean. Soil samples were taken after the harvest of each summer crop phase (i.e., Soybean, Maize, Wheat/Soybean), and the soil prokaryotic community was monitored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results and discussion

We observed that ISI and crop phase were the main predictors of microbial community composition, explaining 14.7% and 13.0% of the variation, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization had a minor effect (3.12%) and was detected only after maize sampling; cover crops had no significant effect. However, the presence of cover crops showed higher alpha diversity and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria. Maize enriched the abundance of certain taxa of Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia, while Soybean increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Comparatively, Soybean enriched Mucilaginibacter and Geobacter, while Wheat/Soybean enriched Brevundimonas and Roseimicrobium.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that crop phase is as important as the long-term legacy of crop rotations in shaping the microbial community and that specific taxa responses are highly dependent on the crop phase surveyed.
Exoskeleton gait training on real-world terrain improves spatiotemporal performance in cerebral palsy
Authors: Tagoe Emmanuella A. , Fang Ying , Williams Jack R. , Stone Julie L. , Lerner Zachary F.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Walking is essential for daily life but poses a significant challenge for many individuals with neurological conditions like cerebral palsy (CP), which is the leading cause of childhood walking disability. Although lower-limb exoskeletons show promise in improving walking ability in laboratory and controlled overground settings, it remains unknown whether these benefits translate to real-world environments, where they could have the greatest impact.

Methods

This feasibility study evaluated whether an untethered ankle exoskeleton with an adaptable controller can improve spatiotemporal outcomes in eight individuals with CP after low-frequency exoskeleton-assisted gait training on real-world terrain.

Results

Comparing post- and pre-assessment, assisted walking speed increased by 11% and cadence by 7% (p = 0.003; p = 0.006), while unassisted walking speed increased by 8% and cadence by 5% (p = 0.009; p = 0.012). In the post-assessment, assisted walking speed increased by 9% and stride length by 8% relative to unassisted walking (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Improvements in walking speed were more strongly associated with longer strides than higher cadence (R2 = 0.92; R2 = 0.68). Muscle activity outcomes, including co-contraction of the soleus and tibialis anterior, did not significantly change after training.

Discussion

These findings highlight the spatiotemporal benefits of an adaptive ankle exoskeleton for individuals with CP in real-world settings after short-term training. This work paves the way for future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the isolated effects of adaptive ankle exoskeletons on gait performance and neuromuscular outcomes in individuals with CP in real-world environments
Pregnancy-induced gait alterations: meta-regression evidence of spatiotemporal adjustments
Authors: Li Xin , Lu Zhenghui , Song Yang , Liang Minjun , Yuan Yi , Fekete Gusztáv , Kovács András , Sun Dong , Gu Yaodong
Published: December 2024

During pregnancy, women undergo significant physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that influence their gait. The forward shift of the center of mass and increased joint loads often result in a “waddling gait,” elevating the risk of falls. While gait changes during pregnancy have been documented, findings across studies remain inconsistent, particularly regarding variations at different pregnancy stages. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the impact of pregnancy stages on spatiotemporal gait parameters. A comprehensive literature search across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify studies on pregnancy and gait, and data on publication details, methodology, participant characteristics, gait outcomes, and study limitations were extracted. Out of 4,581 initial records, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed significant changes in gait parameters during pregnancy, with decreases in stride length (effect size = −0.29) and gait speed (effect size = −0.55), and increases in stride width (effect size = 0.45), cycle time (effect size = 0.38), and double support time (effect size = 0.41). Meta-regression analyses indicated that gestational weeks significantly impacted stride length (β = −0.03 [95% CI, −0.055 to −0.002], p < 0.05) and stride width (β = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.003 to 0.039], p < 0.05), while no significant effects were found for cycle time, double support time, or gait speed. In conclusion, pregnancy leads to significant changes in gait patterns, with a notable increase in stride width and a decrease in stride length as gestation progresses, suggesting these adjustments are strategies for maintaining balance and stability in response to physiological changes. The analysis also emphasizes that while gestational age influences gait adaptations, other factors such as pelvic girdle pain, footwear, and psychological influences play crucial roles. Understanding these complex gait changes can inform interventions and guidelines to support mobility and safety for pregnant women throughout their pregnancy.
Oxidative coupling of N-nitrosoanilines with substituted allyl alcohols under rhodium (III) catalysis
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Rhodium(III) catalysis has been used for C-H activation of N-nitrosoanilines with substituted allyl alcohols. This method provides an efficient synthesis of the functional N-nitroso ortho β-aryl aldehydes and ketones with low catalyst loading, high functional group tolerance, and superior reactivity of allyl alcohols toward N-nitrosoanilines. We demonstrated that reaction also proceeds through the one-pot synthesis of N-nitrosoaniline, followed by subsequent, C-H activation. The protocol was also feasible with acyrlaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone which furnished the same oxidative N-nitroso coupling product.
MicroRNA-21-5p profile in the alveolar bone following tooth extraction in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw rat model
Authors: Morakotsriwan Manta , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Vacharaksa Anjalee , Limlawan Pirawish
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare microRNA-21-5p expressions at the extraction wound in the maxillary bones of rats with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and normal rats at different time points.

Materials and methods

In total, 18 female, 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 9) and the control group (n = 9). To establish MRONJ in the right maxillary first molar area in the experimental group, zoledronate (66 µg/kg) and dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally every other day for 2 weeks before tooth extraction. Normal saline was administered in the control group. After tooth extraction, the drugs were continuously administered until the experimental endpoints, namely 1, 14, and 28 days post-tooth extraction. At each endpoint, three rats from each group were euthanized. The maxilla bones at the wound area were harvested. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to compare the expression levels of miRNA-21-5p at each time point between the MRONJ group and the control group.

Results

From their gross appearance, the rats that received zoledronate and dexamethasone developed MRONJ as demonstrated by non-healing wounds and exposed bone at 14 and 28 days post-extraction in contrast to the controls. The RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of miRNA-21-5p were relatively higher in the MRONJ rats compared to the control rats at day 14 and then the difference was lower at day 28 post-tooth extraction.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that the microRNA-21-5p expression levels varied during the socket healing process in the MRONJ rats, reaching a peak at 2 weeks after tooth extraction.
Association between erectile dysfunction and the predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease among U.S. men: a population-based study from the NHANES 2001-2004
Authors: Mei Yangyang , Chen Yiming , Wang Xiaogang , Xu Renfang , Xu Rui , Feng Xingliang
Published: December 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is considered the tip of the iceberg for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is still conflicting evidence regarding their relationship. Recently, a validated tool for the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score has provided a key opportunity to delve deeper into the relationship between ED and CVD. Therefore, we intended to assess the relationship between ED and 10-year ASCVD risk score

Methods

Complete data of 1207 participants from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in the study. Various weighted logistic and linear regression models were employed to investigate the effect of the presence of ED on the higher 10-Year ASCVD risk score or high risk of 10-Year ASCVD. Conversely, logistic regression models were repeated to explore the effect of continuous or categorical ASCVD risk score on the prevalence of ED. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted, focusing on severe ED with a more stringent definition. Additionally, we supplemented our study with subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to enhance the robustness of our results.

Results

Participants with ED had higher ASCVD risk scores and a higher risk of ASCVD, which corresponded to a greater prevalence of ED or severe ED. When considering the presence of ED as the exposure, our results indicated that the presence of ED increased the ASCVD risk score (Model 3: β [95%CI]: 2.09 [1.12, 3.06]) in Model 3, as well as the high risk of ASCVD (OR [95%CI]: 2.27 [1.13, 4.59]). Conversely, a continuous increase in the ASCVD risk score was also associated with an increased prevalence of ED (OR [95%CI]: 1.04 [1.02,1.06]). Additionally, those in the borderline ASCVD risk group (OR [95% CI]: 2.95 [1.60, 5.44]), intermediate ASCVD risk group (OR [95% CI]: 4.53 [2.35, 8.73]), and high ASCVD risk group (OR [95% CI]: 7.62 [3.19, 18.19]) exhibited progressively increasing ED risk when compared to the low-risk group. Furthermore, the RCS analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between ED prevalence and the continuous ASCVD risk score, with the latter showing high efficacy in predicting ED (AUC [95%CI]: 0.794 [0.768, 0.821]).

Conclusions

The presence of ED may precede the onset of ASCVD by some years. Consequently, timely and dynamic evaluation of the cardiovascular status provides an earlier opportunity to identify and implement effective prevention strategies to promote cardiovascular health for ED patients.
Medium- and long-term recurrence after radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma with recombinant human thyrotropin: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yao Qixian , Song Lili , Xu Jun , Wu Zhongliang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Radioactive iodine (RAI) is commonly used in the management of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). However, the long-term efficacy and the risk of tumor recurrence associated with it remain unclear. In particular, the comparison between recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) and thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in terms of medium- and long-term recurrence rate in DTC patients has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out to identify articles comparing medium- and long-term outcomes (> 2 years) based on treatment with either rhTSH or THW. Ten studies, consisting of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four retrospective studies with a total of 2,833 patients, were included in the analysis.

Results

There was no significant difference in the medium- and long-term recurrence rates between the rhTSH group and the THW group. This was also the case in subgroup analyses of only RCTs or only retrospective studies. The structural incomplete response (SIR) rate was slightly higher in the rhTSH group, but a subgroup analysis of RCTs alone showed no significant difference in SIR between the two groups.

Discussion

rhTSH is comparable to THW in achieving successful ablation of residual disease and maintaining low recurrence rates. However, further RCTs are required to investigate whether rhTSH can increase the risk of SIR.
Correlations of the triglyceride−glucose index and modified indices with arterial stiffness in overweight or obese adults
Authors: Tang Yuchen , Li Li , Li Jialin
Published: December 2024

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) contributes substantially to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic disorders, particularly obesity. The homeostatic model assessment of IR is a prevalent IR indicator, but insulin measurement is quite impractical for widely use. Given its convenience and accessibility, the triglyceride−glucose (TyG) index, along with modified indices such as the triglyceride−glucose−waist circumference (TyG−WC) and triglyceride−glucose−waist−height ratio (TyG−WHtR), are gaining recognition as practical tools for assessing IR. This study aimed to investigate the specific correlation between the TyG index and its modified indices with arterial stiffness in an overweight or obese population and to explore novel, self-defined modified TyG indices for identifying individuals at elevated risk for such conditions.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1,143 overweight or obese individuals from 2021 to 2023. Medical data, including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), were collected. Two novel modified TyG indices, TyG-1h and TyG-2h, were defined by substituting the fasting glucose level in the TyG formula with 1-hour and 2-hour post-load plasma glucose levels, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify parameters that demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with arterial stiffness, defined as a baPWV threshold of ≥ 1400 cm/s. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modelling was employed to further explore these relationships in a visually interpretable manner. To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional TyG index and its novel modified versions, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.

Results

Our findings revealed that individuals with arterial stiffness presented significantly elevated TyG index and all its modified versions (P< 0.05). By utilizing a binary logistic regression model and adjusting for potential confounders, we determined that all TyG-related parameters independently correlated with an increased risk of developing arterial stiffness. Moreover, TyG-WHtR displayed the best correlation (OR 3.071, 95% CI 1.496-6.303) when stratified by quartiles, followed by TyG-1h (OR 2.298, 95% CI 1.248-4.234) and TyG-2h (OR 2.115, 95% CI 1.175-3.807). ROC curves suggested that TyG-1h and TyG-2h demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to TyG, with AUCs of 0.685, 0.679 and 0.673, respectively.

Conclusions

The modified TyG indices exhibited strong effectiveness in identifying arterial stiffness in Chinese overweight or obese individuals.
Research on the evaluation index system for happy rivers and lakes: a case study of Xinchang County in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Cui Chenxi , Shui Bonian , Hu Chengye , Ye Zhou , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2024

The “Happy Rivers and Lakes” initiative is an important measure to systematically address the complex water issues in China. It further highlights the effectiveness of constructing happy rivers and lakes based on river health assessments. This approach aims to identify typical practices and the effectiveness of river and lake management and protection at the local level, guiding for river and lake management and conservation work in the new era. This study focuses on county-level administrative units and develops a research framework for the evaluation index system of happy rivers and lakes. A total of 11 primary indicators and 22 secondary indicators are selected from aspects such as river and lake safety, water resources, water environment, biodiversity, and social services. The evaluation and analysis are conducted around the Chengtan River, Huangze River, and Xinchang River, as well as two large reservoirs in Xinchang County. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation score of happy rivers and lakes in Xinchang County is 92.66, categorizing it as a model of happy rivers and lakes. The evaluation results aim to provide references and guidance for similar regions inside and outside Zhejiang Province in their research and practical applications related to happy rivers and lakes.
Biologic drugs induced vitiligo: case reports and review of literature
Authors: Shao Xinyi , Chen Tingqiao , Pan Xingyu , Chen Shuang , Chen Yangmei , Chen Jin
Published: December 2024

Biological drugs are extensively used to treat various inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), and rheumatoid arthritis. While generally effective and safe, these therapies have been increasingly associated with secondary development of vitiligo, especially with anti-TNF α and anti-IL17 drugs. Dupilumab, an IL-4 receptor alpha antagonist used in moderate to severe AD, rarely induces vitiligo. This study reports two cases of new-onset vitiligo following dupilumab treatment for AD. The first case involves an 80-year-old male who developed vitiligo patches appeared on the chest, back, and lower limbs after 2 months of dupilumab therapy. Despite discontinuation of dupilumab, the vitiligo did not regress. The second case describes a 14-year-old female who experienced depigmentation on her forehead one month into dupilumab treatment, with partial improvement of vitiligo lesions over time despite continued therapy. This phenomenon may be due to dupilumab blocking type 2 inflammation, disrupting normal skin homeostasis, and exacerbating type 1 inflammation. These cases, supplemented with a literature review, highlight the potential for biologic drug-induced vitiligo and underscore the need for awareness of such adverse events in clinical practice. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon likely involve disruption of the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine balance, suggesting that targeted therapies may inadvertently exacerbate type 1 inflammation, leading to vitiligo. With the rising use of biologics, clinicians should carefully consider the risk of vitiligo when prescribing these treatments.
Identification and validation of the nicotine metabolism-related signature of bladder cancer by bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Zhan Yating , Weng Min , Guo Yangyang , Lv Dingfeng , Zhao Feng , Yan Zejun , Jiang Junhui , Xiao Yanyi , Yao Lili
Published: December 2024

Background

Several studies indicate that smoking is one of the major risk factors for bladder cancer. Nicotine and its metabolites, the main components of tobacco, have been found to be strongly linked to the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer. However, the function of nicotine metabolism-related genes (NRGs) in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) are still unclear.

Methods

NRGs were collected from MSigDB to identify the clusters associated with nicotine metabolism. Prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered via differentially expression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Integrative machine learning combination based on 10 machine learning algorithms was used for the construction of robust signature. Subsequently, the clinical application of signature in terms of prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as immunotherapy was comprehensively evaluated. Finally, the biology function of the signature gene was further verified via CCK-8, transwell migration and colony formation.

Results

Three clusters associated with nicotine metabolism were discovered with distinct prognosis and immunological patterns. A four gene-signature was developed by random survival forest (RSF) method with highest average Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of 0.763. The signature exhibited a reliable and accurate performance in prognostic prediction across TCGA-train, TCGA-test and GSE32894 cohorts. Furthermore, the signature showed highly correlation with clinical characteristics, TME and immunotherapy responses. Suppression of MKRN1 was found to reduce the migration and proliferation of bladder cancer cell. In addition, enhanced migration and proliferation caused by nicotine was blocked down by loss of MKRN1.

Conclusions

The novel nicotine metabolism-related signature may provide valuable insights into clinical prognosis and potential benefits of immunotherapy in bladder cancer patients.
Machine learning-based selection of immune cell markers in osteosarcoma: prognostic determination and validation of CLK1 in disease progression
Authors: Zhang Nan , Haizhen Zhou , Zhang Runqi , Li Xiaoju
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy of the bone that mainly afflicts younger individuals. Despite existing treatment approaches, patients with metastatic or recurrent disease generally face poor prognoses. A greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for enhancing outcomes in OS patients.

Methods

The clinical and RNA expression data of OS patients were extracted from the TARGET database. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 11 OS samples was retrieved from the GEO database, and analyzed using the Seurat package of R software. Copy number variation (CNV) was analyzed using the InferCNV software. The potential interactions between the different cells in the TME was analyzed with the CellChat package. A multi-algorithm-based computing framework was used to calculate the tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) scores. A prognostic model was constructed using 20 machine learning algorithms. Maftools R package was used to characterize the genomic variation landscapes in the patient groups stratified by TIIC score. The human OS cell lines MG63 and U2OS were used for the functional assays. Cell proliferation and migration were analyzed by the EdU assay and Transwell assay respectively. CLK1 protein expression was measured by immunoblotting.

Results

We observed higher CNV in the OS cells compared to endothelial cells. In addition, there was distinct transcriptional heterogeneity across the OS cells, and cluster 1 was identified as the terminal differentiation state. S100A1, TMSB4X, and SLPI were the three most significantly altered genes along with the pseudo-time trajectory. Cell communication analysis revealed an intricate network between S100A1+ tumor cells and other TME cells. Cluster 1 exhibited significantly higher aggressiveness features, which correlated with worse clinical outcomes. A prognostic model was developed based on TIIC-related genes that were screened using machine learning algorithms, and validated in multiple datasets. Higher TIIC signature score was associated with lower cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and generally inferior immune response and survival rate. Moreover, TIIC signature score was further validated in the datasets of other cancers. CLK1 was identified as a potential oncogene that promotes the proliferation and migration OS cells.

Conclusion

A TIIC-based gene signature was developed that effectively predicted the prognosis of OS patients, and was significantly associated with immune infiltration and immune response. Moreover, CLK1 was identified as an oncogene and potential therapeutic target for OS.
Inhibition of the HV1 voltage-gated proton channel compromises the viability of human polarized macrophages in a polarization- and ceramide-dependent manner
Authors: Kovacs Tamas , Cs. Szabo Bence , Kothalawala Rosemary Chandrakanthi , Szekelyhidi Virag , Nagy Peter , Varga Zoltan , Panyi Gyorgy , Zakany Florina
Published: December 2024

The human voltage-gated proton channel (HV1) provides an efficient proton extrusion pathway from the cytoplasm contributing to the intracellular pH regulation and the oxidative burst. Although its pharmacological inhibition was previously shown to induce cell death in various cell types, no such effects have been examined in polarized macrophages albeit HV1 was suggested to play important roles in these cells. This study highlights that 5-chloro-2-guanidinobenzimidazole (ClGBI), the most widely applied HV1 inhibitor, reduces the viability of human THP-1-derived polarized macrophages at biologically relevant doses with M1 macrophages being the most, and M2 cells the least sensitive to this compound. ClGBI may exert this effect principally by blocking HV1 since the sensitivity of polarized macrophages correlates well with their HV1 expression levels; inhibitors of other macrophage ion channels that may be susceptible for off-target ClGBI effects cause no viability reductions; and Zn2+, another non-specific HV1 blocker, exerts similar effects. As a potential mechanism behind the ClGBI-induced cell death, we identify a complex pH dysregulation involving acidification of the cytoplasm and alkalinization of the lysosomes, which eventually result in membrane ceramide accumulation. Furthermore, ClGBI effects are alleviated by ARC39, a selective acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor supporting the unequivocal significance of ceramide accumulation in the process. Altogether, our results suggest that HV1 inhibition leads to cellular toxicity in polarized macrophages in a polarization-dependent manner, which occurs due to a pH dysregulation and concomitant ceramide overproduction mainly depending on the activity of acid sphingomyelinase. The reduced macrophage viability and plausible concomitant changes in homeostatic M1-M2 balance could contribute to both the therapeutic and potential side effects of HV1 inhibitors that show great promise in the treatment of neuroinflammation and malignant diseases.
Single-cell profiling aligns CD56bright and cytomegalovirus-induced adaptive natural killer cells to a naïve-memory relationship
Authors: Panjwani M. Kazim , Grassmann Simon , Sottile Rosa , Le Luduec Jean-Benoît , Kontopoulos Theodota , van der Ploeg Kattria , Sun Joseph C. , Hsu Katharine C.
Published: December 2024

Development of antigen-specific memory upon pathogen exposure is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. While natural killer (NK) cells are considered part of the innate immune system, humans exposed to the chronic viral pathogen cytomegalovirus (CMV) often possess a distinct NK cell population lacking in individuals who have not been exposed, termed “adaptive” NK cells. To identify the “naïve” population from which this “memory” population derives, we performed phenotypic, transcriptional, and functional profiling of NK cell subsets. We identified immature precursors to the Adaptive NK cells that are equally present in both CMV+ and CMV- individuals, resolved an Adaptive transcriptional state distinct from most mature NK cells and sharing a common gene program with the immature CD56bright population, and demonstrated retention of proliferative capacity and acquisition of superior IFNγ production in the Adaptive population. Furthermore, we distinguish the CD56bright and Adaptive NK populations by expression of the transcription factor CXXC5, positioning these memory NK cells at the inflection point between innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
PAQR6 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zou Tao , Jia Zongming , Wu Jixiang , Liu Xuxu , Deng Minghao , Zhang Xuefeng , Lin Yuxin , Ping Jigen
Published: December 2024

Background

Progestin And AdipoQ Receptor Family Member VI (PAQR6) plays a significant role in the non-genomic effects of rapid steroid responses and is abnormally expressed in various tumors. However, its biological function in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and its potential as a therapeutic target remain underexplored.

Methods

In this study, PAQR6 was identified as a critical oncogene by WGCNA algorithm and differential gene expression analysis using TCGA - KIRC and GSE15641 data. The differences in PAQR6 expression and its association with KIRC survival outcomes were investigated, and transcriptomic data were used to further elucidate PAQR6’s biological functions. Moreover, XCELL and single - cell analysis assessed the correlation between PAQR6 expression and immune infiltration. TIDE algorithm was used to assess how well various patient cohorts responded to immune checkpoint therapy. Finally, the role of PAQR6 in the development of KIRC was verified through EdU, scratch assays, and Transwell assays.

Results

Our findings suggest that elevated expression of PAQR6 is linked to a poor prognosis for KIRC patients. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that PAQR6 is primarily involved in angiogenesis and pluripotent stem cell differentiation, which are crucial in mediating the development of KIRC. Additionally, we established a ceRNA network that is directly related to overall prognosis, further supporting the role of PAQR6 as a prognostic biomarker for KIRC.

Conclusion

Using both computational and experimental methods, this study leads the charge in discovering and verifying PAQR6 as a prognostic biomarker and possible therapeutic target for KIRC. In the future, to determine its molecular mechanism in KIRC carcinogenesis, more in vivo research will be carried out.
Positive data circulation established by Kyushu Smart Fisheries (QSF) team
Authors: Hirose Naoki , Takikawa Tetsutaro , Ito Takeshi , Nagamoto Atsushi , Takagi Nobuo , Kokubo Takayuki , Kimura Mikiya , Yabuki Takashi , Hazama Takuto
Published: December 2024

Subsurface observations in coastal and shelf seas remain insufficient compared to profiling measurements in open oceans. To address this gap, we have developed a system that involves coastal fishermen in conducting in-situ measurements. By assimilating this observation data in real-time, we can provide valuable feedback on ocean predictions to support their fishing activities. We adapted the traditional full-scale conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument into a more conventional model dedicated to small-scale fisheries. This simple and smart CTD device allows Bluetooth communication with Android devices. Although its accuracy and pressure resistance were reduced to make it affordable, it remains effective for our data assimilation purpose. Along with acoustic current data, the accuracy of coastal ocean prediction models, particularly for velocity components, can be significantly increased. Using the intuitive and user-friendly forecasting app, cooperating fishermen have been able to reduce fuel usage, working hours, and gear damages, thereby improving profitability and working conditions. This app has become an indispensable operational tool for fishermen in the Kyushu region, motivating them to actively participate in coastal ocean observations.
Preparation and properties of vanillin-based polyurethane materials for body temperature self-healing
Authors: Fu Mingfu , Hu Jiangfeng , Zhang Xiaochun , Wang Chaozhang , Liu Yang , Niu Jianzhuang , Sun Yinglu , Yao Dengzun , Jing Xianghai
Published: December 2024

It is difficult to obtain sustainable and fast self-healing polyurethane materials with excellent mechanical properties at low-temperature. In this work, we prepared a series of bio-based polyurethane materials were synthesized with HMDI, Polytetramethylene ether glycol and a vanillin-based chain extender containing dynamic imine bonds. By adjusting the ratio of soft and hard segments, As the content of hard segments increased, the storage modulus and tensile strength of the material increased, the elongation at break decreased, and the heat resistance improved. The results showed that this advanced polyurethane displayed excellent mechanical and self-healing properties due to the presence of a large number of hard segment structures with dynamic imine bonds. Moreover, the tight arrangement of hydrogen bonds can promote the exchange of dynamic imine bonds and endow the material with body-temperature self-healing ability. It can recover to 98% of its original stress in 20 min at 36°C.
Haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a matched case-control study
Authors: Xu Chuanhui , Khin Lay Wai , Tam Hui Zhen , Goh Liuh Ling , Koh Ee Tzun , Dalan Rinkoo , Leong Khai Pang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Traditional risk factors do not fully explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 genotype confers a lower anti-oxidant and higher inflammatory effect on the vasculature compared to the non-Hp 2-2 genotype. This study investigates the association of the Hp genotype with CVD in patients with RA.

Methods

Data from 69 RA patients with CVD and 207 sex- and ethnicity-matched RA patients without CVD, collected from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020, were retrieved from the Tan Tock Seng Hospital RA Registry. CVD was examined against demographics, clinical and laboratory variables in univariate models. Associations between the Hp genotypes and CVD were analyzed using conditional logistic regression.

Results

We studied 276 patients (65.2% female, 82.6% Chinese, median age 60.9 years). Most participants were in low disease activity or remission (79.3%). The Hp 2-2 genotype was present in 49.6% (137/276). In the group with CVD, the prevalence of the Hp 2-2 genotype was 50.9% (29/57) in the Chinese, 100% (5/5) in the Indians, and 28.6% (2/7) in the Malays. In the non-CVD group, the respective prevalence was 46.8% (80/171), 66.7% (10/15), and 52.4% (11/21). In univariate analysis, the matched odds ratio (OR) of the Hp 2-2 genotype for CVD in RA was 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.47; p < 0.001]. The Hp 2-2 genotype was significantly associated with CVD (adjusted matched OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01–1.27; p = 0.033) in the multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting the confounding factors, including age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, anti-CCP autoantibodies, and disease activity.

Conclusion

The Hp 2-2 genotype is associated with an increased risk of CVD in patients with RA in this multi-ethnic cohort.
Electrolyte imbalance and liver function test abnormalities among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum at Wag-himra zone public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2023: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Worede Abebaw , Deress Teshiwal , Wondifraw Habtamu , Fetene Getnet , Berie Alemseged
Published: December 2024

Background

Hyperemesis gravidarum affects about 4.8% of pregnant women. It can lead to electrolyte imbalances and liver function disturbances, which may result in pregnancy complications. Despite its prevalence, data on these abnormalities in the study area is scarce. Therefore, the current study investigated these health concerns among HG-affected pregnant women in this region from June to October 2023.

Method

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 study participants. Socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood samples were taken to determine liver function tests and electrolyte levels. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA with a Tuckey post hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis with a Mann–Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression analysis. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant.

Results

The results showed that pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum had significantly higher levels of AST and ALT and lower levels of Na+ and K+ compared to normal pregnant women and non-pregnant women. The abnormalities observed were elevated AST (48.8%), ALT (46.3%), and decreased Na+ (51.2%) and K+ (41.5%). Hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with both electrolyte imbalances and liver function test abnormalities.

Conclusion

Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum experience electrolyte imbalances and liver function test abnormalities. Given the marked increase in liver enzymes and decrease in electrolyte levels, the authors recommend routine laboratory testing of liver function and electrolyte parameters for pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum is recommended.
Identification of bacterial communities associated with needle mushroom (Flammulina filiformis) and its production environment
Authors: Liu Zhenghui , Cong Yunlong , Sossah Frederick Leo , Sheng Hongyan , Li Yu
Published: December 2024

Flammulina filiformis is an important edible and medicinal mushroom widely cultivated in East Asia, with its quality and health strongly influenced by associated microbial communities. However, limited data exist on the bacterial communities associated with F. filiformis cultivation in Chinese farms. This study investigated bacterial communities associated with F. filiformis and its production environment using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and culture-dependent methods. A total of 42 samples were collected from farms in Jilin and Guizhou provinces, China, for microbial community profiling. The analysis revealed diverse bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. Genera such as Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Phyllobacterium were identified, with notable regional variations in the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic species, including Pseudomonas tolaasii, Ewingella americana, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas sp., Lelliottia amnigena, and Janthinobacterium lividum, were identified through phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the disease-causing potential of P. tolaasii, E. americana, and J. lividum in F. filiformis. These findings highlight regional differences in bacterial community composition and emphasize the need for tailored management practices. This study contributes to safe, high-quality mushroom cultivation and provides insights into improved cultivation practices, including Mushroom Good Agricultural Practices (MGAP).