bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictability of short‐term interest rates: a multifactor model for the term structure
Authors: Miller Tom W. , Stone Bernell , Silver Harold R.
Published: June 2007

Discusses arbitrage pricing theory as a multifactor model for explaining rates of return on securities; and the use of principal components analysis to reduce the number of variables studies. Applies these ideas to returns on treasury bills and government bonds for 1,000 business days ending in March 1997 to obtain a set of three endogenous factors for the term structure of interest rates, forecasts returns for one‐day and 30‐day horizons and produces a time series of the forecast errors for eight short‐term interest rates. Compares the results with those from a single factor autoregessive forecasting model and finds that although their accuracy is similar for short horizons, the multifactor model is superior for longer horizons and shorter time to maturity.
Re‐indexing the Heath, Jarrow and Morton term structure model and empirical evidence of forward function following a martingale
Authors: Guo Chen
Published: June 2007

Outlines Heath, Jarrow and Morton’s (1992) method (MJM) for modelling interest rates and refers to other research showing that although it is generally non‐Markov, this can be modified if the volatility structure depends on relative maturity term rather than calendar maturity date. Develops a re‐indexed MJM model, applies it to 1975‐1991 data on non‐callable US treasury bills, notes and bonds; and compares its goodness of fit with Jordan (1984). Finds the forward function consistent with constant parameters, that state variables can be identified from the cross‐section estimates and that they have zero mean first differences when analysed through time series. Concludes that the forward function follows a martingale and promises further research.
Pricing of mortgage‐backed securities with option‐adjusted spread
Authors: Liu Jian‐Guo , Xu Eugene
Published: June 2007

Notes the increasing importance of option‐adjusted spread analysis for pricing in the mortgage‐backed securities market and develops a partial differentiation equation method (PDE) for calculation, as an alternative to the Monte Carlo method. Discusses the mathematical theory involved and illustrates its use with a numerical example. Claims PDE is more accurate and cheaper than the Monte Carlo method and promises a further article on using it for horizon analysis and risk management.
Pricing the competing risks of mortgage default and prepayment in stochastic metropolitan economies
Authors: Buist Henry , Yang Tyler T.
Published: June 2007

Outlines previous research relevant to the risks involved in residential mortgages and suggests some reasons for the gap between theory and market practice. Develops a model which adds household income, ability to pay problems and mortgage underwriting constraints to the standard pricing models, using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the backward finite difference method to apply it to data on house prices, income and interest rates for 62 US metropolitan areas. Discusses the results which suggest that prepayment risk dominates default risk in all except very low growth housing markets. Adds that increasing loan‐to‐value levels decrease loan values in low growth markets, slightly increase them in high growth/low volatility markets (due to decline in prepayment risk), but have little impact on high growth/high volatility markets (because they are offset by changes in default and prepayment costs). Considers the practical implications of the findings, e.g. for portfolio managers.
Estimation of the Nelson‐Siegel parsimonious modeling of yield curves using an exponential GARCH process
Authors: Christofi Andreas C.
Published: June 2007

Refers to previous research on the yields of default‐free securities and uses the Nelson‐Siegel model for estimating yield curve as a basis for developing a model which decomposes the risk premium into long‐term risk, two factors influencing the rate of decay (curvature) and a feed back factor. Applies this to 1984‐1993 data for treasury bills to test for predictive validity and shows that the feedback factor (prediction error of the most recent period) improves this by around 10 per cent. Goes on to apply a multivariate exponential GARCH process to the components to produce a prediction model for the term structure of interest rates. Promises further research to refine this estimation and compare it with the expectations hypothesis as a basis for strategy.
The performance of socially responsible mutual funds: incorporating sociopolitical information in portfolio selection
Authors: Goldreyer Elizabeth F. , Ahmed Parvez , Diltz J. David
Published: June 2007

Outlines increased interest from investors in corporate social policies over the last ten years and previous research comparing the investment performance of “socially responsible” (SR) portfolios with others. Measures performance for a US sample of SR and conventional mutual funds using a variety of methods (including Jensen’s Alpha, the Sharpe Ratio and the Treynor ratio), analysing the funds by investment strategy, size, systematic risk and the use of inclusion screens. Presents the results, which do not give a clear advantage to either group, but show that funds with inclusion screens consistently outperform those without. Calls for further research on the relationship between corporate social performance and portfolio performance and comparisons between SR and conventional funds.
The informational effects of large insider stock purchases
Authors: Roth Greg , Saporoschenko Andy
Published: June 2007

Outlines previous research on the effects of insider trading on share prices and reactions to the tightening up of US laws against illegal trading. Calculates returns for a sample of large managerial purchases made after the new legislation (1993‐1995) and announced in the Wall Street Journal to test for the presence of asymmetric information, agency conflicts and undervaluation; using firm size, market‐to‐book ratio, Q ratio and price‐earnings ratio as proxies. Finds that share prices react positively to large managerial purchases, especially if the firm is small, undervalued and/or experiencing conflicts between managers and shareholders; and that this effect is not reversed within a year.
Cross‐listing and firm liquidity on the stock exchange of Hong Kong
Authors: Brockman Paul , Chung Dennis Y.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the reasons why increasing numbers of firms list their shares on more than one stock exchange, previous research on the effects of cross‐listing and inter‐ and intra‐day liquidity patterns. Describes the market making system of the stock exchange of Hong Kong and compares 1996‐1997 data on a sample of 33 Hong Kong firms cross‐listed in London with a control sample. Finds the cross‐listed firms have lower trading volumes, higher absolute bid‐ask spreads but lower relative ones and higher average dollar depth. Uses regression techniques to investigate liquidity and presents the results which confirm that cross‐listed firms are more liquid with lower relative spreads and higher depths even after controlling for differences in price, volume, return variance and intertemporal patterns.
The role of mentoring professional accountants: a global perspective
Authors: Siegel Philip H. , Mosca Joseph B. , Karim Khondkar B.
Published: June 2007

Summarizes the literature on mentoring and its effects, pointing out that little research has been done on international mentoring despite globalization. Considers how mentoring could be used to help accountants make international assignments into successful learning experiences and to cope with the culture shock they often report. Discusses the possible role of the mentor before, during and after the assignment, highlighting the critical factors during the process; and compares horizontal and vertical approaches. Urges accounting firms to use mentoring to improve international performance and as a basis for organizational learning in a global environment.
Nonlinear systems theory: a more dynamic approach to international strategic management
Authors: Martinez Zaida L. , Priesmeyer H. Richard , Menger Richard A. , Persellin Mark
Published: June 2007

Outlines the strategic challenges faced by multinationals (e.g. the conflict between globalization and localization, environmental volatility etc.) and argues that the use of nonlinear systems theory (chaos theory) can help. Explains how “phase planes” can provide insight into changes in the international environment and illustrates their use in choosing intervention strategies to respond to changing risk ratings in Mexico and Brazil over time. Summarizes the advantages of this dynamic approach over traditional linear analysis methods and believes that it can be universally applied to financial, operational or economic measures.
Strategic geography and strategic corporate challenges: a regiocentric perspective to the Middle East
Authors: Siddiqi Shahid
Published: June 2007

Outlines the development of globalization and related research; and takes the Middle East as a basis for examining regionalization in more depth. Discusses the definition of boundaries in economic, geographic and political terms; the impact of various types of regional trade associations and trade and investment; and five factors affecting regionalization in the Middle East; peace, political will, economic compatibility, socio‐cultural similarity and geographical proximity. Considers the implications for the corporate strategy of multinationals, e.g. market segmentation, integration, strategic sourcing etc.
The multinational enterprise as a loosely coupled system: the global integration – local responsiveness dilemma
Authors: Spender J.C. , Grevesen W.
Published: June 2007

Recognizes the inherent conflict between multinationals’ (MNEs’) need to respond to local markets while using global integration to achieve economies of scale; and outlines relevant research from the fields of both economic and organizational theory. Criticizes the process approach based on normative theory and suggests that loose coupling theory is a more practical way of looking at MNEs. Discusses the application of these ideas to their management and identifies seven behavioural characteristics of loosely coupled systems (Weick). Links these to Doz and Prahalad’s (1991) criteria for assessing the applicability of organizational theory to MNEs. Considers the research implications and believes that MNE organization will eventually be seen, not as a special case, but as a general model.
Resource allocation, investment decision and economic welfare: capitalism, socialism and Islam
Authors: Abdul Mannan Chowdhury M.
Published: June 2007

Discusses how resources are allocated in capitalist and socialist economies comparing the concept of interest (e.g. for present value calculations) with the use of capital charges (e.g. for calculating opportunity cost). Contrasts the Islamic economic system, which rejects interest but considers moral factors and the will of Allah when measuring welfare. Explains how these ideas can be expressed in the accounting price of capital (for objective factors) and by Islamic welfare criteria; and how they differ from the Pareto Criterion and capitalist concepts of utility. Lists four principles and 12 welfare criteria for an Islamic allocation of resources; and some hints on their practical application before summarizing the conclusions.
A brief note on the Islamic financial system
Authors: Loqman Muhammad
Published: June 2007

Outlines the characteristics of a just financial system and compares the Islamic one with others. Lists the financial instruments which enable Islamic systems to deal with the prohibition of interest and some financial institutions. Notes the rapid increase of Islamic banks and financial institutions and believes that, if they can demonstrate their viability, the western world will become more likely to cooperate with them.
Islamic banking in theory and practice: the experience of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Hassan M.
Published: June 2007

Defines an Islamic bank, notes their rapid growth in the last twenty years and explains the financial instruments they use to conform with the prohibition on interest. Considers how they might enhance both urban and rural development in Islamic countries, and the feasibility of an Islamic futures market. Describes the operations of the Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (the first in SE Asia) and assesses its domestic and international performance, providing many statistical appendices. Recognizes some outstanding problems (e.g. suitable training, legal framework etc.) but believes the bank has great potential for assisting development and shows that “banking without interest is feasible”,
Dividend policy issues in regulated and unregulated firms: a managerial perspective
Authors: Kent Baker H. , Powell Gary H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines previous research on four explanations for and various factors influencing dividend policy; and reports a survey of senior managers in US listed companies to determine their views. Finds strong support for the signalling explanation and some support for the bird‐in‐hand, tax‐preference and agency costs explanations, especially from regulated companies. Ranks the perceived importance of 20 factors influencing policy and discusses the top five (future earnings, past dividends, share price, concern over false signals and cash flow); and the differences between regulated and unregulated companies. Compares the rankings with Farrelly, Baker and Edelman (1986), recognizes the limitations of the study and considers consistency with other research.
Managerial ownership, dividend and debt policy in the US banking industry
Authors: Dutta Amitabh S.
Published: June 2007

Reviews previous research on the relationship between ownership structure, debt structure and dividend policy within the context of agency theory, which has usually excluded regulated firms from the samples. Explores the links between insider holdings, dividends and debt using 1994‐1997 data from a sample of 136 US bank holding companies and a simultaneous equations regression framework. Finds the level of insider holdings, as expected, is not related to debt ratio but, contrary to expectations that it is strongly related to the level of dividends. Considers possible explanations for this and promises further research.
Is Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) lending profitable?: evidence from rating revisions
Authors: Harrison David M. , Seiler Michael J.
Published: June 2007

Traces the history of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), which requires US lenders to meet the credit needs of their local customers, and presents a study of its effect on profitability. Looks at financial institutions which received revized CRA ratings between 1990 and 1995, analysing their characteristics before and after revision, and finds upgraded banks hold more loans and are likely to be either rapidly growing and/or reaching deeper into the pool of applicants. Goes on to show that interest on CRA‐related loans is lower than on others, i.e. profitability is reduced and risk increased. Concludes that although CRA activities may open new markets and build new skills for lenders, their costs are likely to exceed their benefits for most institutions.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act event in the bank commercial loan market
Authors: Edmister Robert O.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the provisions of the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (1991) (FDICIA) and presents a study of its effects on banks and their customers. Develops a mathematical model to identify the factors contributing to the price of loans and applies it to 1977‐98 data from large and small banks. Shows that charges are affected by loan size, bank size and FIDICIA cost effects; with especially high margins in the middle market. Rejects the idea that higher interest rates are linked to increased loan defaults.
The determinants of foreign bank involvement in US banking markets
Authors: Ramchander Sanjay , Reichert Alan , Jayanti S.V.
Published: June 2007

Notes recent dramatic growth in international banking, outlines the US historical and legal background to it and reviews previous research trying to explain why banks establish offices outside their home country. Develops a mathematical model to investigate the factors determining the extent of foreign bank penetration in the US financial market and applies it to 1984‐95 data for Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the UK. Finds that expansion abroad is positively linked to the size of the home country’s banking industry and capital market; the need to respond to domestic credit market conditions; and the levels of trade and exchange rates between countries. Discusses the differences between the individual countries studied and consistency with other research; and considers the implications for US banks.
Diversification in interstate banking: the search for related performance profiles between acquiring and acquired banking firms expanding across state lines
Authors: Rose Peter S.
Published: June 2007

Notes increasing consolidation of the banking industry in the USA, Western Europe and Japan; and presents a study of 1980‐1994 acquisitions of US banks by large interstate banking firms. Considers possible motives for cross‐border expansion, reviews relevant research and compares the performance of target banks with their local competitors and their buyers; and buyers’ performance with their competitors. Finds that most buyers are located in rich, densely populated states and most targets in states which have traditionally restricted bank branching activity; that buyers and targets have very different performance profiles (although some differences gradually reduce after acquisition); and that local market influences have a greater effect than common ownership. Concludes that targets are selected for their location and expected future performance, with possible diversification benefits.
A stochastic simulation approach to financial forecasting using simultaneous equations
Authors: Artikis Panayiotis G. , Artikis George P.
Published: June 2007

Outlines Warren and Shelton’s system for modelling a firm’s operations as a set of simultaneous equations, its limitations and the addition of Monte Carlo simulation into it by Coats and Chesser. Develops these ideas further and applies the new simulation model to a Greek clothing firm to test its effectiveness. Considers other possible applications, e.g. forecasting, calculating the cost of capital and valuation.
Application of Dimson type models in emerging markets: the case of the Athens stock exchange
Authors: Karathanassis G. , Patsos C. , Glezakos M.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the special characteristics of the Athens stock exchange which may cause misspecification in the simple market model and make Dimson type models more appropriate. Refers to previous research on then and nonsynchronous trading, discusses the methodological issues involved and applies both simple and Dimson type models to 1993‐1997 data for 22 Greek shares. Finds the latter “in many ways more useful” than the simple model, summarizes the main conclusions and suggests that they may be particularly suited to emerging markets in bullish periods.
Earnings‐based compensation schemes and discretionary accrual and expenditure decisions over CEO tenure
Authors: Natarajan Ramachandran
Published: June 2007

Classifies previous research on the links between earnings management and managerial opportunism into studies of the links between earnings‐based compensation schemes and opportunistic, short‐term earnings management; and earnings management around CEO changes. Suggests some reasons why the sensitivity of compensation to earnings and stock return performance measures might change over the length of CEO tenure and presents a study of 1970‐1991 US data to examine this. Finds that sensitivity to earnings is greater than to stock returns and that the significance of both varies during the first and second halves of tenure, as does the use of discretionar accruals. Considers the underlying reasons for this, consistency with other research and the implications for research and practice.
Multinationality, CEO compensation, and corporate governance: some empirical evidence
Authors: Lippert Robert L. , Rahman Manzur
Published: June 2007

Looks at previous research on the differences between multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic corporations (DCs) and the theories underlying them, relating the ideas to optimal compensation packages for managers. Examines a sample of 724 MNCs and US domestic firms to compare the degree of alignment of their chief executive officer compensation packages and finds that average compensation changes for every $1,000 change in equity value are $33 for DCs and only $12 for MNCs. Analyses further to find out why and suggests that it is due to the higher‐valued investment opportunities of MNCs and differences in their corporate governance structures.
Structuring more‐effective executive severance contracts
Authors: Born Jeffrey A. , Faria Hugo J. , Trahan Emery A.
Published: June 2007

Explains why executive severance contracts contingent on a change in control (i.e. golden parachutes) have developed and reviews previous relevant research. Develops a mathematical model of their effects on shareholder wealth and uses it to determine an optimal contract which aligns the interests of shareholders and managers (i.e. where marginal benefit to shareholders equals marginal cost of the contract). Points out that these contracts alone do not guarantee that managers will aim to maximize shareholders wealth: they should form only part of a package of compensation agreements to align their interests.
The association between bank performance, board independence, and CEO pay‐performance sensitivity
Authors: Mishra Chandra S. , Nielsen James F.
Published: June 2007

Outlines previous research on the links between board composition, firm performance and chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, and presents a study of CEO pay‐performance sensitivity, board independence and performance in the US banking industry. Explains the methodology and presents the results, suggesting that for large bank holding companies with average performance, increased board independence reduces pay‐performance sensitivity because internal monitoring is sufficient without extra alignment incentives. Adds that when performance is poor this no longer holds true and compensation contracts are then used to align the interests of managers and shareholders.
Executive compensation and the horizon problem: a synthesis of the economics of age and decision management
Authors: McGinnis John D. , Miles James A. , Michelle Chu Shin‐Herng , Campbell Terry L.
Published: June 2007

Relates previous research on the importance of age in decision‐making to Fama and Jensen’s (1983) ideas on decision management, develops hypotheses on the age of managers and the use of stock‐based compensation in companies with long time horizons (i.e. growth companies) and tests them on 1979‐1987 data for a sample of US firms. Explains the methodology used and presents the results, which show that these firms tend to have younger subordinate executives (but not younger CEOs) and to use less stock‐based compensation the younger these executives are. Suggests this is because younger executives effectively extend the time horizon of older CEOs, thus reducing the need to do this through the compensation package.
Employee stock options: exercise decisions by top executives
Authors: Anderson Mark C.
Published: June 2007

Reviews previous research on the timing of employee stock option exercise decisions and share price performance before and after insider trading. Analyses the 1992‐1993 exercise behaviour of top executives at 65 large US firms using the Black‐Scholes (1973) value (less anticipated dividends) as a benchmark to compare with the intrinsic value (market price minus exercise price) at the date of exercise. Finds options are exercised when the two values are roughly equal, i.e. that executives’ decisions are not risk‐averse or biased by private information. Also shows a tendency for the subsequent change in share prices to be lower when the intrinsic value is less than the Black‐Scholes value at the time of exercise. Considers consistency with other research and the implications of the findings.
Incentive structure of CEO stock option pay and stock ownership: the moderating effects of firm risk
Authors: Gerard Sanders Wm.
Published: June 2007

Outlines previous research on the role of executive compensation contracts in reducing conflicts of interest between ownership and control; and develops hypotheses on the effects of chief executive officer stock options and share ownership on subsequent firm performance. Suggests that since options do not create losses when share prices decline, they encourage more risk taking than share ownership. Explains the methodology used to test these ideas on 1994‐1996 data for a sample of large US firms and presents the results, which suggest that both stock options and share ownership are positively linked to later firm performance but that the link is stronger for ownership in high risk situations, but lower performance where risk is high. Considers the implications for corporate governance and consistency with other research; and calls for further research.
Executive long‐term performance contracts: an empirical analysis of market risk, investment opportunities and leverage in the post‐adoption period
Authors: Vogel Thomas J. , McGinnis John D.
Published: June 2007

Reviews previous research on agency theory, the use of long‐term performance plans to align the interests of managers and shareholders, and the effect of these plans on firm performance. Uses data from a sample of 29 US companies adopting/changing long‐term performance plans and a matched control sample to test the impact of these plans on a firm’s share price volatility (beta), asset growth/volatility and leverage. Presents and discusses the results, which suggest that beta, leverage and asset return volatility are all increased. Concludes that the plans decrease managers’ risk aversion.
Multinationality, profitability and firm value
Authors: AlNajjar Fouad K. , Riahi‐Belkaoui Ahmed
Published: June 2007

Presents a study of the importance of multinationality in predicting firm valuation and profitability using Ohlson’s (1988, 1991) valuation model as a basis for model development. Tests these models on 1987‐1992 US data and compares them with predictions based on current return on equity. Presents the results, which suggest that the degree of internationalization helps to explain cross‐sectional differences in market value, but does not provide much extra information on future profitability.
Politicians’ motives in the rent seeking society
Authors: Sutter Daniel
Published: June 2007

Outlines the theory of public choice (i.e. the equilibrium of a formal political model based on functions: not politicians) and identifies some reasons why US politicians may actually vote for rent seeking (“pork barrel”) projects. Suggests that they include the need for election, campaign contributions and financial or non‐financial (ideological) personal gain; and considers the implications for political reforms such as term limits, rules on campaign finance etc. Discusses how the motives of individual politicians can be discovered and some additional applications of this idea.
A curriculum for digital librarians: a reflection on the European debate
Authors: Tammaro Anna Maria
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the trends for digital library education in Europe. It addresses two questions: what are the roles for digital librarians? How should they be educated?

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on the results of the project “European Curriculum Reflections on Library and Information Science Education” and the proceedings of the Workshops on Digital Library Education, held in Italy in 2005 and in Croatia in 2006.

Findings

Three approaches to education for digital library are described: the emergence of the concept of “memory institutions”; the library‐based approach to knowledge management; and the isolation of IT from library and information science (LIS) schools.

Research limitations/implications

The roles of the digital librarian are suggested, and the structure of a course for digital library education is proposed, but further research is needed on the definition of the digital library concept.

Practical implications

A digital librarian should have a combination of technological and librarianship competences.

Originality/value

The paper addresses the issue of education needed for digital librarians in Europe.
A new library in Bloomsbury: relocating the UCL SSEES Library
Authors: Pitman Lesley
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to describe the processes involved in an academic library building project, from the choice of site and appointment of the architects to the move itself. The focus is on finding solutions to problems caused by limited space, fixed deadlines and innovative design, and ensuring that the Library needs are fully understood throughout a complex project involving other interest groups over a number of years.

Design/methodology/approach

The experience of the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library is used as a case study to describe various issues around library design, working with architects and project managers, and managing a library move. Reference is made to the impact of the 7 July bombings in London on library staff.

Findings

The case study outlines the importance of Library involvement in every aspect of the design, the impact of decisions about internal layout on library capacity, the adaptability of library staff to unusual and difficult working conditions, the possibility of providing a limited service in an incomplete building, the importance of balancing aesthetic and functional considerations in the final design, and the impact of those design decisions on the long‐term functioning and use of the Library.

Originality/value

The paper describes most of the processes and problems likely to be encountered in a major library building project and will be useful to any library setting out on such a project.
The library as intergenerational workplace
Authors: Topper Elisa F.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to understand typical generational values and traits that can help facilitate a more collegial environment and more goal‐oriented directed behaviour, especially as mixed generational groups work together in libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes the form of a literature review and provides suggestions to bridge the generation gap.

Findings

Although there may be differences between generations, they all have similar values. It is the behaviours that go along with those values that may be different.

Originality/value

The paper stresses the value of being sensitive to the strengths and differences that all staff members have no matter what their age.
Sofia 2006: Globalization, Digitization, Access, and Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Agee Jim
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to provide an overview of the Sofia 2006: Globalization, Digitization, Access and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Conference held in Bulgaria, in November 2006.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a description of the environment and social setting of the conference together with a selection from the conference content and comments regarding the future of the conference.

Findings

This was the largest Globenet conference to date, with participants from more than 30 nations.

Originality/value

This brief conference report will be of value to library and information professionals worldwide.
Sofia 2006: Globalization, Digitization, Access, and Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Hutchinson Eric
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to provide an overview of the Student Poster Session of the “Sofia 2006: Globalization, Digitization, Access and Preservation of Cultural Heritage” conference, held in Bulgaria in November 2006.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper gives a description of the student poster session and presentations as part of the conference and the interaction between the students and with library/information professionals.

Findings

The paper highlights the engagement of students of many different nationalities in dialogue concerning important issues of librarianship within the context of an international conference.

Originality/value

The paper provides a brief report of a poster session within a conference, which will be of interest to library and information students and professionals worldwide.
Safety at sea and air transport under EU Law
Authors: Zekos Georgios I.
Published: June 2007

Examines measures taken within the European Union framework in order to keep high standards of safety in maritime and air transport. Looks first at maritime transport and ways in which vessels are monitored, minimum safety requirements, the carriage of dangerous goods, pollution, port control, inspectors and their rights, ferry safety and oil tankers. Considers also navigational equipment, transfer of ownership, safe sea policy and the training of seafarers. Addresses similar aviation control including a single aviation market, air traffic control, technical requirements, congestion, accident procedures and liabilities. Suggests that despite the many rules, there is a lack of compliance, detection and enoforcement.
An overview of US Supreme Court decisions in employment discrimination cases
Authors: Nelson Tracy , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Cites that the Supreme Court has played a significant role in shaping the meaning and scope of employment discrimination legislation through a handful of significant cases. Stresses that these decisions are important for managers to be aware of, in order to enforce employment legislation within their companies. Discusses three very important cases which are recognized as the most significant employment discrimination rulings, often used as precedent in other cases. Covers other, more recent cases, which also offer some significant decisions in dealing with issues that have evolved recently.
Whistleblowing in the aerospace and defence industries
Authors: Bucka Dave , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Defines whistle blowing before considering the dilemma faced by the whistleblower. Outlines the typical responses to the whistle blower and provides case examples from the aerospace and defence industries. Questions why companies respond as they do and asks if there are malicious whistle blowers. Covers the legal protection afforded to them and provides recommendations for both the manager and the whistle blower. Concludes that whilst the industry has improved, there leaves much work to be done in the future.
New developments concerning negligent retention
Authors: Klaassen Michael , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Discusses the recent increase in litigation with regards to the tort of negligence, showing how more companies are being held liable for the improper and criminal acts of their employees. Outlines the laws governing employer liability for employee acts. Considers the question “why care?” Looks at influencing factors that can affect employee behaviour. Concludes that organizations must be able to recognize situations that may lead to potential claim in order to protect their employees, customers and profits.
New developments concerning overtime policy in organisations
Authors: Doerksen Linda L. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

States that overtime pay is a requirement of federal wage and hour laws but individual states can chose to conform to the federal law or develop their own. Looks at new proposals in California to combine previous legislation together. Considers the differences between the plans under discussion and gives opinions on the way forward.
Federal and state statutory exemptions to At‐Will employment
Authors: Haymes John , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the “At‐Will” doctrine. Provides case law examples that have lessened the scope of this principle and charts the developments in this area. Discusses statutory exemption and provides recommendations for management to ensure compliance. Concludes that there is a need for management to implement policies and procedures to be able to show compliance and to ensure that they remain up to date with recent legislation.
What is ERISA?
Authors: Chaffin Leeroy , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Briefly charts the history of the development and subsequent regulation of the pension. Discusses the implications for pensions of the US Enactment of the Internal Revenue Code provisions. Looks at what is covered by this legislation and the subsequent exemptions. Covers the areas of reporting and disclosure, participation, vesting, funding, fiduciary standards, enforcement and administration, Iras and Keogh plans and contribution and benefit limits. Concludes with a summary of tax legislation from 1975‐1978 and other recent legislation.
Implications of concealed‐gun laws for business
Authors: Lew Peter , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the history of gun legislation in the USA. Looks at the power held by the pro and anti gun lobbies. Covers the recent legislation success of the anti‐gun campaigns as they apply to the State of California. Discusses the criteria and restriction in order to apply for permits and proceeds to state the implications for business, suggesting that companies need to analyse the impacts of both employees and customers in this area.
Criminal background checks of prospective employees: why and how should it be done?
Authors: Lam Agnes , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Discusses the need for criminal checks to be done on prospective employees, providing examples of negligent recruitment. Outlines the reasons for such a policy before considering the difficulties involved. Provides recommendations for companies, including a written recruitment policy. Investigates the merits of in‐house security departments and security consultant services. Concludes that the initial expense can easily be outweighed by potential theft, fraud and legislative costs.
The international community and the challenges of multilateralism: European and American perspectives to the Balkan crisis
Authors: Boyadjeva Nadia
Published: June 2007

Attempts to analyse the actions and responses of the international community to the dramatic events unfolding in the Balkans in late 1993, early 1994. Based on a larger research on the US involvement in the Bosnian conflict, it tries to find answers to a basic question: why did the US get involved in a geographical area which obviously cannot be an object of some interests, even preferences, of the US foreign policy. Cites obvious motives as humanitarian and moral consideration but considers other elements such as Europe and the post cold war era and multilateral considerations along with matters of prestige and image.
George Kennan in Belgrade (1961): a cold‐war strategy planner turned into an embassy bureaucrat
Authors: Grozev Kostadin
Published: June 2007

Attempts to sum up and present the activities of Kennan as the US ambassador to Belgrade in 1961. Looks at his impact (or lack of it) on the formulation of US policy and concrete legislative action regarding this crucial aspect of the over‐all American policy towards the Eastern bloc. Uses published sources to show the general trend in the US strategic and tactical lines of policy toward Belgrade and the ideas and practical innovations brought by Kennedy’s team. Analyses Kennan’s input in the formulation of the concrete policy actions in light of this background.
Collective agreements in the courts in the 1990s
Authors: Telling David
Published: June 2007

Evaluates the various functions of the British collective agreement, for example, its legal enforceability, agency and aspects of incorporation. Brings the discussion into the European context in relation to these issues. Cites a number of case law examples. Suggests that the UK may be in a “transitional phase between collective bargaining and a consensus culture between trade unions and management”. Concludes that the Labour government is attempting to steer a middle way between US‐style individualism and European‐style social partnership.
Legal problems in cyberspace
Authors: Zekos Georgios I.
Published: June 2007

Presents an updated version of a paper given by the author at an international conference in Athens 2000. Briefly outlines the development of the internet and e‐commerce and the effect of globalization. Considers the potential for the EU to standardize rules and advance its economic integration agenda. Looks at present EU laws in this area. Covers the unicitral model law on electronic commerce, its merits and its problems. Discusses personal jurisdiction under traditional rules and cyberspace transactions. Concludes that existing legislation must be re‐evaluated in the light of technological advances, the need for a more mobile kind of legal person and the worldwide nature of transactions across territorial boundaries, paperless contracts and digital signatures and the use of self‐regulation are also covered.
New frontiers of labour law dependent on autonomous workers
Authors: Carby‐Hall Jo
Published: June 2007

Discusses the long existing and confusing problems of establishing the relationship of who is, and who if not, a dependent worker. Reflects developments which have occurred in British law as it affects the employment field, plus an evaluation and analysis of some of the different types of employment relationships which have evolved by examining, where possible, the status of each of these relationships. Concludes that the typical worker nowadays finds himself in a vulnerable position both economically and psychologically owing to the insecurity which exists.
How to effectively manage unemployment claims
Authors: Zhang Fan , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Suggests that companies need to recognise need to recognise that unemployment compensation is not a tax but a form of insurance, and costs can be saved by better management of claims. Outlines the unemployment programme and how the system operates. Provides details of the system in California, looking at the procedures, eligibility, and the appeals system. Concludes that closer scrutiny of claims could bring significant savings.
Conducting effective and legally safe background and reference checks
Authors: Edwards Rex M. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Cites that rapid changes in legislation have put special importance on the careful and effective performance of reference checking. Gives some brief statistics from a survey into this subject. Discusses negligent hiring lawsuits and the requirements for such a valid claim. Provides a list of documents which would help employers defend such a claim. Covers the background check and the type of investigation which may be undertaken before looking at the reference check including how to make contact, what to ask for in references, the documentation of such checks, and alternatives to inhouse checking.
New developments concerning tobacco smoke in the workplace
Authors: Rowe Tracy D. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Questions why smoking in the workplace needs revisiting. Looks at the health risks of smoking before covering the cost to the organisation. Discusses new Californian legislation and outlines actions employers must take to comply with these. Provided a list of exemptions and some key policy considerations. Give general guidelines for designing and implementing smoking policies.
New developments concerning negligent training
Authors: Funderburk Marc , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides details of new developments in negligent training by researching articles in current trade magazines over the last six months. Gives details of employee related litigation that have recently been in the headlines and states any appropriate recommendations or preventative measures to help employers combat employee related litigation. Covers subjects including age, pay, and hiring methods. Concludes that employers must constantly monitor developments in the law to enable their policies to remain up to date and minimise risk.
Implications of the Family and Medical Leave Act for organisations
Authors: Hengst Sheng , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a brief overview of the Family and Medical Leave Act and discusses the implications for employees. Considers the problems experienced by employers as they attempt to comply with the act and the reaction of organisations to the extension of this act in relation to unemployment benefit. Gives recommendations for employers to help with some of the administrative problems faced and concludes that the law was well intended but continues to cause confusion for the public and place burdens on the employer.
An overview of ERISA
Authors: Peltier‐Labadie Beverley , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Provides a brief history of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Briefly covers the four main issues of employee benefits protection, IRS rules, jurisdiction and termination insurance. Outlines the position of pension and then goes on to consider recent updates to the law. Discusses the main problems of the act and attempts to predict the likely future over the next 25 years. Concludes that there are several potential developments still pending but the best course for any business is to concentrate on looking after its most valuable asset, the employee.
New developments concerning wrongful termination
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Hung , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the doctrine of employment‐at‐will exercised by US companies and the major interpretations used to justify exceptions. Discusses the reluctance of courts to use the First Amendment in wrongful discharge cases. Introduces the Model Employment Termination Act 1991 and outlines the contents. Considers the California Senate Bill 994, Employment Practices Liability Insurance and Alternative Dispute Resolution programme. Provides general principles for employers attempting to avoid a wrongful termination suit.
Recent trends in downsizing legally
Authors: Stallworth Otto E. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: June 2007

Outlines the legal position in which US firms can downsize. Comments that the current climate of laying off workers could lead to significant increases in claims if employers do not follow correct procedures. Consider issues such as wrongful termination, violence, age and disability discrimination. Looks at recent trends within this area of litigation and concludes that whilst job security for life is thing of the past, companies still have a responsibility to deal sensitively in this area.
MNEs, globalisation and digital economy: legal and economic aspects
Authors: Zekos Georgios I.
Published: June 2007

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.
A comparative hypothesis of the “contractualisation” of social law
Authors: Auvergnon Philippe
Published: June 2007

States that although the “contractualization” of social law appears not to have had an effect on the UK this is incorrect, as the UK is affected by an opposite type of trend. Further explains how the European Union directives have led to a proliferation of “statutory laws”, which have had an effect on companies. Questions the democratic legitimacy of certain attempts at contractualization as there needs to be two parties in negotiation for social law to be satisfied.