bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KERUKUNAN HIDUP ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KAMPUNG LOLOAN, JEMBRANA, BALI
Authors: Sabarudin Sabarudin , Arif Mahmud
Published: January 2020

Diversity is the reality of Indonesian life, whether ethnically, linguistically, culturally, or religiously. In that context, examining the diversity of Balinese society is certainly very interesting considering it is not just a "reality", but also a necessity and a need. Thus, the pockets of community diversity become an important benchmark because it is like a seeding ground for pluralism and the articulative medium of community experimentation in addressing differences. This is where the attractive village of Loloan Jembrana as a village that is predominantly Muslim in the midst of strong Hindu influence. This village can be a picture of a plural-culturally religious community life. The village has a historical uniqueness and local wisdom that has managed to glue the knot of interfaith togetherness.Keragaman adalah realitas kehidupan bangsa Indonesia, baik secara etnis, bahasa, budaya, ataupun agama. Dalam konteks itu, menelisik keragaman masyarakat Bali tentu sangat menarik mengingat ia tidak sekedar sebuah “kenyataan”, melainkan juga sebuah kemestian dan kebutuhan. Dengan demikian, kantong keragaman masyarakat menjadi tolok ukur penting karena ia ibarat tempat penyemaian benih pluralisme dan medium artikulatif eksperimentasi masyarakat dalam menyikapi perbedaan. Di sinilah menariknya Kampung Loloan Jembrana sebagai sebuah desa yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim di tengah kuatnya pengaruh Hindu. Kampung ini bisa menjadi gambaran kehidupan masyarakat yang plural secara kultur-keagamaan. Kampung itu memiliki keunikan historis dan kearifan lokal yang selama ini berhasil merekat simpul kebersamaan lintas iman.
THE DEATH OF EXPERTISE
Authors: Fitri Rizkia Annisa
Published: January 2020

The death of expertise is an attack on the already established knowledge and adverse effects of half-half information in the community from the presence of Google, Wikipedia and blogs, many laymen who tend to degrade intellectually and advice from Experts. So feel quite satisfied with the information obtained from the media without the want to prove the truth and do not want to learn to find out. As if throwing science, damaging practices, and not willing to develop new science. Again the citizens were reluctant and felt already had enough information to make a decision. The death of expertise is not only the rejection of the already established knowledge, but the rejection of science and and the impartial rationality that is the basis of modern civilization. Most of the responses were shown against the presence of the Internet as a biang. Too simple, or lest this is just an anxiety among professional circles that occurs whenever there is a social or technological change. Without being denied, it is also possible that the death of expertise is a sign of progress.
ماهية الضرورة الشعرية عند النحاة
Authors: Rashid Bakhtiar A.
Published: January 2020

تتناول الدراسة موضوع الضرورة الشعرية التي وقعت تحت نظرة العلماء و تحدثوا عنها في بطون كتبهم بمختلف أرائهم ونظراتهم, ففي هذا المقام قمنا بعرض هذه المادة تحت عنوان (ماهية الضرورة الشعرية عند النحاة), وذلك في عرض اتجاهين بعد تعريف موجز لهذه الظاهرة وتحديد حدود الاحتجاج بالشعر العربي, ففي الاتجاه الاول عرضنا اراء العلماء الذين يؤيدون هذه الظاهرة؛ كتواجدها في الشعر العربي من أجل إقامة الوزن والقافية ومرتبطة بالشعر فقط ولا توجد في غير الشعر, وظهرت في التحليل النهائي لهذا الاتجاه بأنه نظرة سطحية, في حين الاتجاه الثاني ركّز على أراء العلماء الذين أثبتوا - بأدلة علمية- بأن هذه الظاهرة نوع من التوسع في لغة الشعر التي تتجاوز اللغة العادية. والشعراء غير محتاجين ولا عاجزين, وإنّما هم أمراء الكلام يجوز لهم ما لا يجوز لغيرهم, وهنا لا يوجد ربط بين الضرورة وبين الوزن والقافية, وعلى ذلك فلا مانع من أن توجد مثل هذه الظواهر التي عدت الضروة في ألوان اللغة الادبية الأخرى كالأمثال. لذا الحديث عن ماهية الضرورة الشعرية يضطرنا إلى الحديث عن الحدود الزمانية والمكانية التي وضعت للإحتجاج بالشعر العربي, لكي يبين للقاريء ما نأتي به من النماذج؛ لم يخرج من إطار دراستنا هذه. وجمع العلماء الضرورات التي يلجأ إليها الشعراء في عشر ضرورات وهي: قطع ووصل, تخفيف وتشديد, مدّ وقصر, إسكان وتحريك, ومنع الصرف وصرف.
Seleksi Komposisi Medium Pertumbuhan dan Bahan Pembawa untuk Formulasi Cendawan Agens Hayati Fusarium oxysporum Non-Patogenik P21a
Authors: Panjaitan Fany Juliarti , Wiyono Suryo , Widyastuti Rahayu
Published: January 2020

Selection of Compositions of Growth Medium and Carriers for Formulation of Biological Agents of Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum P21aThe potency of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum P21a (NPFo P21a) as a biological control agent has prospect to be developed commercially. The growth medium and carrier are the critical factor to formulate biological control. This study aimed to obtain the best solid medium dan lighting type for mycelium growth and sporulation as well as to determine the carrier and storage temperature which is suitable for NPFo P21a toward the survival of propagule and germination of shallot. The results showed that M2 medium treatment (rice grain:rice bran; 20:1 w/w) was the best medium for mycelium growth. The M3 medium treatment (20:2 w/w) was the best medium for sporulation of NPFo P21a. The near-UV lighting treatment was able to stimulate the macroconidium production of NPFo P21a. Talc-based formulation and the storage at 20 °C showed the best shelf-life for NPFo P21a with density of viable propagule and shallot germination better.
Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Agens Hayati dari Imperata cylindrica untuk pengendalian Rigidoporus microporus
Authors: Sastrini Tatit , Nurjayadi Mochamad Yadi , Munif Abdul
Published: January 2020

Exploration and Characterization of Biological Agents Bacteria from Imperata cylindrica for Controlling Rigidoporus microporusWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is an important disease in rubber plantation. This pathogen causes damage to roots, thus adversely affect plant growth and productivity of rubber plantation. Therefore controling of this pathogen is important to do. The objective of this research was to obtain biological agents bacteria from the various parts of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) which have inhibitory activity against the growth of R. microporus The research was conducted through exploration of biological agents from the various parts of alang-alang, antibiosis activity test, and characterization of potential isolates. Based on antibiosis activity test, seven isolates (Rph 7, Rph 8, Rph 15 Rph 17, 15, E47, and isolate 47) showed antibiosis activity against R. microporus. Suppression activity of R. microporus growth by seventh of potential isolates ranged between 26.7-58.9%. The highest inhibition was demonstrated by isolate 47 suspected leaf endophytic bacteria. Seventh of potential isolates are Gram-positive bacterial that can form spores. The biological agen’s bacterial dominated by isolates from the reeds rhizosphere. This result indicates that rhizosphere is a potentialy source in the exploration of biological agents. In addition, R. microporus is a soil-borne pathogen which colonizes the roots therefore exploration from rhizosphere samples allows obtaining potential biological agents.
VALUES IN A MODERN FAMILY. BETWEEN DECLARATION AND DEED
Authors: Zalewska Sabina Lucyna
Published: January 2020

Values are such multiform phenomenon that they can be considered in numerous aspects, depending on the point of view and methods of research. They can be considered from the philosopher, psychologist, ethnographer, culture anthropologist, sociologist or economist point of view. However, in the frames of the elaboration, the topic is seen from the pedagogical and psychological aspect of what we call a value. A value can be considered as a phenomenon of choosing an aim, assuming an attitude towards the aim, selection of alternative aspirations in a certain psychological situation, selection of needs, means of action.Assuming a family as a fundamental unit of society we can conclude that values work similarly in a family. Spouses understand each other better when they both assent the same basic values. Common values is the factor of constancy and development of marriage in the periods of crisis. Spouses, thanks to creation a common hierarchy of values, build between them a deep bond, asserting the most important values as the common ones, recognize their differences in the less important ones, as well as they respect each other’s variety of the lowest values in their values hierarchy, being aware of their enriching effect on the marital community. All over the world we can deal with values presented by somebody or something. While choosing a certain value a man attributes it to somebody or something and based on it choses between competitive objects. While attributing a value a man uses an evaluation to establish a valence of the object. In other words, we value if we prize certain things more than others. Values can refer to understanding one good for a unit or society, which is worth implementing.
GENDER EQUALITY AND CHILDREN’S EQUALITY IN LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE DISCOURSES: IMPLICATIONS TOWARD LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Authors: ODROWĄŻ-COATES ANNA
Published: January 2020

This introductory article is intended to open the volume of work prepared by the participants of the 12th UNESCO Janusz Korczak Chair International Summer School. The participants presented these papers at the RC25 ISA Interim International Conference in Warsaw, entitled: "Language and Society. Research Advances in Social Sciences" (26-27.09.2019), exploring the concepts of gender equality and children's equality in liberal and conservative discourses and practices invested in language. The papers in this volume primarily use the methodology of discourse analysis and a range of tools and methods within this framework. The purpose is to shed light on how discourses inform preferences, behaviours and representations, towards the positioning of individuals in society, based on their respective gender and their individual status - whether an adult or a child. It is interesting to explore what is expected of the holders of these positions and whether they are able to confront and renegotiate their situation. The authors look into gendered childhood, analysing if differences can be found in so-called conservative and liberal discourses. The gender aspect of childhood and the resistance towards children’s expected positions interlinked to their gender is visible to diverse degrees in this selection of papers. The concept of social positioning due to one's gender is at the heart of this volume. Therefore, this Editorial forms a theoretical backstage for the volume of works included in the special post-conference issue of Society Register.
ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IMPLICATIONS
Authors: GORAS-POSTICA VIORICA
Published: January 2020

The study approaches the new curriculum documents for pre-university education in the Republic of Moldova from the intercultural education perspective. In the 2019-2020 school year, the schools in the country are carrying out the education process based on a new curriculum, which represents the result of the third reform after the country's independence in 1992. The author analyses the correspondence of the curriculum texts to the stipulations of the Education Code, and the extent to which they respond to the demands in the development of the students’ intercultural competence. The findings of the study reveal that the texts are focused not only on the promotion of the national values and identity, but are open, at the same time, to the intercultural education and to the dialogue with representatives of different cultures in the multicultural divided society. Literature and policy review supplemented by discourse analysis are the main qualitative methods applied.
‘NO ONE KNOWS ANYTHING’: KINSHIP CAREGIVERS AND THEIR EXPERIENCES WITH SOCIAL SERVICES IN POLAND
Authors: GRZELKA MICHALINA , SZOSTAKOWSKA KATARZYNA
Published: January 2020

This paper provides a window into the ways kinship caregivers of elderly persons and people with disabilities describe their experiences with social services in Poland. Kinship caregivers in Poland, the majority of whom are women, often struggle with inadequate access to social services dedicated to people with disabilities and the elderly. One of the major issues faced by caregivers who try to secure these services, are complex rules and regulations which frequently make it very difficult to access information and assistance. By the way of critical discourse analysis, this paper examines letters by and interviews with kinship caregivers in Poland. These two data sets present the problems faced by kinship caregivers of elderly persons and people with disabilities who are frequently left frustrated by their interactions the social services system and its gatekeepers. Therefore, the authors hope that this study will provide policymakers responsible for social policy in Poland with some useful insights and suggestions.
THE VISION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN POLISH AND UKRAINIAN CORE CIRRICULA. ANALYSIS BASED ON THE HOFSTEDE 4-D MODEL
Authors: POPYK ANZHELA , ANNA PERKOWSKA-KLEJMAN ANNA
Published: January 2020

National curricula are documents describing the knowledge, skills and social competences that students should acquire at the appropriate stages of education. In our article, we assume that these documents have the power to buttress the existing status quo or to change reality. Generally speaking, they are an attempt at transforming selected areas of culture in a deliberate, planned, and systemic manner.
This paper, by means of  Hofstede’s 4-D model of cultural differences among societies (viz power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity), is aimed at studying the way Polish and Ukrainian national curricula define the educational processes and Teacher-Student relations, in order to reveal the correlation between the cultural differences and learning/teaching process in Poland and Ukraine. A critical discourse analysis of the two state curricula has been done to interpret their contents.
JUSTICE FOR CHILDREN IN ARGENTINA: A BACKLASH TO CONSERVATIVE DISCOURSES
Authors: RODRIGUEZ YAMILA VANESA
Published: January 2020

The author uses Critical Discourse Analysis to compare two legal documents of critical relevance for the rights of children in conflict with the law in Argentina: the current law no. 22,278, called Régimen Penal de la Minoridad, and the project named Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal Juvenil which was under consideration by the National Congress during 2019. This project was proposed by the government so as to stablish a new juvenile justice system in Argentina, following a widely spread tendency in the Latin American region. The purpose of the article is to show that, even though the language of human rights is used in official discourse and in the legal text submitted to Parliament, many of its features represent a clear backlash to a more conservative regime.
Die Integration der Bibliotheken Algeriens und Tunesiens in die Strukturen der internationalen Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Tausch Arno
Published: January 2020

In diesem Artikel werden zwei in Europa praktisch vollständig unbekannte Bibliothekskatalogsysteme, die Algeriens und Tunesiens, vorgestellt, die wichtige Aufschlüsse über die Wissenschaftssituation dieser beiden Staaten mit ihrer so hohen geostrategischen Bedeutung erlauben. Es schließen sich Bemerkungen über die Katalogentwicklung in diesen Staaten an, und abschließend werden einige mögliche wissenschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen für die europäische kulturelle Außenpolitik gezogen.
The seaweed resources of Madagascar
Authors: Mollion Jean
Published: January 2020

A preliminary survey of the economic seaweed exploitation in Madagascar was published in 1998. The present study is an update of the situation after the large scale development of Eucheumatoid cultivation in this country. It represents a floristic survey and it includes more seaweed species than previously described. The economic impact of this new and promising source of income on the local population is also discussed.
A method for the assessment of operational severity for a high
pressure turbine blade of an aero-engine
Authors: Haslam Anthony , Abu Abdullahi , Laskaridis Panagiotis
Published: January 2020

This paper provides a tool for the estimation of
the operational severity of a high pressure turbine blade
of an aero engine. A multidisciplinary approach using aircraft/
engine performance models which provide inputs to
a thermo-mechanical fatigue damage model is presented.
In the analysis, account is taken of blade size, blade
metal temperature distribution, relevant heat transfer coefficients and mechanical and thermal stresses. The leading
edge of the blade is selected as the critical part in the
estimation of damage severity for different design and operational
parameters. The study also suggests a method for
production of operational severity data for the prediction
of maintenance intervals.
A comparative study of the antidiabetic effect of two training protocols in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Alaee Mona , Akbari Ahmad , Sadegh Mehdi , Latifi Seied Amirhossein , Parastesh Mohammad , Salehi Mehdi , Karami Hadi , Amri Jamal
Published: January 2020

Background

Physical inactivity is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of resistance training and endurance training on diabetic-related metabolic parameters in diabetic rats.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of six rats each: control group (C), diabetic group (D), resistance training group (RES) and endurance training group (END). T2D was induced intraperitoneally using nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). The training period was 70 days. The irisin, betatrophin, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles were measured in the serum of all rats.

Results

Diabetes significantly increased serum levels of FBG (p < 0.001), which were decreased significantly after the administration of training (p < 0.001). Training administration had a significant effect in normalizing serum lipid profiles (p < 0.001) and it was shown to increase the serum levels of irisin, betatrophin (p < 0.001) and insulin (END: p < 0.001 and resistance training: p < 0.05). It was also found that the endurance training was more effective in improving this parameters when compared with resistance training (p < 0.05). In addition, the irisin revealed a significant positive association with betatrophin (END: p < 0.01 and resistance training: p < 0.05) and insulin (END: p < 0.01 and RES: p < 0.05) values in diabetic groups.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that endurance training was more effective in diabetic related metabolic derangement compared with resistance training. This effect is probably due to better regulation of irisin, betatrophin and insulin relative to resistance training.
Selected legal aspects of surrogacy
Authors: Honzová Ivana , Zemandlová Anna , Prudilová Leona , Prudil Lukáš
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article is to analyse the Czech legislation applicable to surrogacy cases while considering some basic social aspects. First the basic facts of surrogacy as a medical reproductive technique are discussed. Surrogacy is also considered as a social trend, and in terms of selected social aspects, such as the growing number of couples interested in surrogacy and their social status. Nevertheless, the main goal of the paper is to analyse selected legal problems as regards surrogacy and the Czech legislation. Therefore, the authors describe the basic legal framework that has relevancy to surrogacy cases (establishing parenthood and adoption) and identify the most frequent problems concerning surrogacy applications using three model cases. In the concluding remarks the adequacy of Czech legislation is discussed.
Quality of life in children brought up by married and cohabiting couples
Authors: Popper Miroslav , Lukšík Ivan , Kanovský Martin
Published: January 2020

Under the Second Demographic Transition, alternative forms of living arrangement are on the rise. The aim of this article is to compare quality of life in children living in married and cohabiting families. We present the results of representative research conducted in Slovakia in 2018 (N = 1,010 respondents). We tested whether children brought up in traditional married families had better material resources and healthcare, fewer behavioural problems, better peer relations and spent more leisure time with their parents than children brought up by cohabiting parents. We also investigated whether number of children in the family and net monthly household income affected the children’s quality of life. The results show that there were almost no differences in quality of life between children brought up by married and by cohabiting parents and that number of children in the family and level of net monthly household income affected only the child’s material resources.
Two pictures of non-consumerism in the life of freegans
Authors: Lojdová Kateřina
Published: January 2020

The growing consumerism has its opponents. Among these are environmental activists within the freegan subculture. The goal of the study is to describe how freegans construct and practice non-consumerism. The qualitative research on the freegan subculture was conducted in Brno, the Czech Republic. Two main categories were identified. Each category is conceptualized as a “picture of non-consumerism”, showing how freegans construct and practice non-consumerism. “Individual modesty” is an inward non-consumerist strategy, aimed at the individual life careers of the subculture members, while “agents of social change” is an outward strategy, aimed at the general public and endeavouring to reduce consumerism in society.
Reputation and morality
Authors: Benziman Yotam
Published: January 2020

The concept of reputation has hardly been analyzed by philosophers. My analysis presents a puzzle: reputation is a portrayal of who one is. However, it is dependent on others. This description contradicts David Oderberg’s analogy between reputation and property. I discuss the relation of reputation to gossip and conclude that we should take spreading information seriously. We should go back to the original meaning of gossip: the term “Godsib,” meaning godfather. In our global village we are all entrusted with other’s identities. We should pave our way with that information in a manner that would manifest great care. But this does not mean that these people are exempt from responsibility: the chain that ends in reputation starts with how you behave. It is your very identity that you entrust to other people—make sure to behave in a way that would result in the reputation you want to deserve.
Expressing friendship in letters: Conventionality and sincerity in the multilingual correspondence of nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen
Authors: De Toni Francesco
Published: January 2020

The relationship between the polite and conventional nature of friendly language and the sincerity of the writer’s feelings is a central topic in linguistic and historical research on friendship in epistolary communication. This relationship can be understood in the context of the emotional values and conventionalised emotional practices that characterise the writer’s emotional community.

The language of friendship has a significant role in the history of letter writing in religious communities. However, epistolary and emotional practices among religious groups in the modern era remain a rather unexplored filed of research. In this regard, the nineteenth century is of particular interest, as it saw the consolidation of sincerity as a central notion in European standards of letter writing.

Bringing together historical pragmatics and the history of emotions, this paper describes the forms and functions of sincerity in the negotiation of friendships between nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen. The article analyses a corpus of letters in Italian and Spanish from the multilingual correspondence of European Benedictine missionaries in Australia between the 1850s and the 1890s. The results of the analysis show that sincerity and emotional self-disclosure, while dependent on the pragmatic conventions of letter writing, belonged to cross-linguistic cultural scripts typical of religious communities.
Optically responsive delivery platforms: from the design considerations to biomedical applications
Authors: Koryakina Irina , Kuznetsova Daria S. , Zuev Dmitry A. , Milichko Valentin A. , Timin Alexander S. , Zyuzin Mikhail V.
Published: January 2020

Drug carriers with intelligent functions are powerful therapeutic and diagnostic platforms in curing various diseases such as malignant neoplasms. These functions include the remote noninvasive activation of drug using physical impacts, e.g. light exposure. Combination of different therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and so forth) with light-responsive carriers enables promising synergetic effect in tumour treatment. The main goal of this review article is to provide the state of the art on light-sensitive delivery systems with the identification of future directions and their implementation in tumour treatment. In particular, this article reviews the general information on the physical and chemical fundamental mechanisms of interaction between light and carrier systems (e.g. plasmonic and dielectric nanoparticles), the design of optically responsive drug carriers (plain and composite), and the mechanisms of light-driven controlled release of bioactive compounds in biological environment. The special focus is dedicated to the most recent advances in optically responsive bioinspired drug vehicles.
Goge Africa: Preserving Indigenous Knowledge Innovatively through Mass Media Technology
Authors: Nduka Stella C. , Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: January 2020

This paper examines preservation of indigenous knowledge as a critical resource for the dissemination of information about Africa through mass media technology. Goge Africa is a Nigerian tourism and cultural television programme which uses media technology to preserve and showcase African heritage to the rest of the world. The reason for studying Goge is that it is currently the only outfit functioning as both a heritage institution and a privately owned fashion, music, and tourism company. It is based on content analysis of primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from four in-depth interviews conducted between the researchers and the brand manager and representative of Goge Africa as well as a face-to-face interview with the developers and hosts of Goge Africa, Isaac and Nneka Moses. Secondary data was obtained from relevant documents through an electronic search of databases. The findings reveal the innovative way the outfit has tried to preserve its heritage materials such as films, tapes, videos, and manuscripts. The challenges faced in the attempts to preserve indigenous knowledge were also revealed. Discussions suggest the need for intensive interest in the preservation of African indigenous knowledge. Preservation of indigenous knowledge should be promoted in all virtual communities and educational systems. It is recommended that governments and heritage institutions should commence plans to promote the preservation of indigenous knowledge in order to promote cultures and enhance indigenous knowledge sustainability.
Archiving Social Media at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa National Library of New Zealand
Authors: Lee Gillian , Love Valerie , Moran Jessica
Published: January 2020

This article explores projects by the Alexander Turnbull Library to collect social media materials that reflect contemporary New Zealand culture and life. The article focuses on projects to harvest Twitter content relating to the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and the 2017 New Zealand General election, and the ATL100 Facebook Archive project, which piloted collecting personal Facebook account archives relating to Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific from the general public.
The effects of quantum spectrum of 4 + n-dimensional water around a DNA on pure water in four dimensional universe
Authors: Fioranelli Massimo , Sepehri Alireza , Roccia Maria Grazia , Ghasemi Mahdieh
Published: January 2020

Recently, a method for calculating the quantum spectrum of black holes has been proposed. We show that this method can be applied for radiations of 4 + n - dimensional water around a DNA. In this model, DNA acts like a black hole and produces a curved space-time in a water around it. In these conditions, molecules of water in four dimensional universe are entangled with some DNA-like structures in extra dimension. Consequently, the effects of structures of water in extra dimensions can be observed in four dimensions. The entangled structures emit some quantum spectrum which can be transmitted to pure waters. These waves produce a curved space-time in pure water and make an entanglement between structure of water on four and DNA-like structures in extra dimensions. As a result, some signatures of DNAs can be observed in pure water. This model helps us to understand the reason for the emergence of life on the earth. To explain the model better, we unify Darwin’s theory with string theory in a new Darwinian’s string theory. In this theory, a zero dimensional manifold decays into two types of closed strings. One type decays into open strings and then these strings join to each other and form cosmos. Another type decays into open strings which form biological matters like DNAs and molecules of water in universe and anti-DNAs and anti-water in anti-universe. Thus, DNAs and molecules water are connected to each other and anti-DNAs and molecules of anti-water in anti-universe through some closed strings. These strings helps to molecules of water to store their informations in extra dimension and have long time memory. Because, information that are transformed into extra dimensions through closed strings, could be returned into universe. Also, these closed strings could have the main role in DNA transduction. Because, they connect two tubes one including water and DNA and another pure water in universe to two tubes including anti-DNA and water in anti-universe and transform properties of DNA into pure water. As a result, Darwinian string theory can confirm both water memory and DNA transduction. Finally, this theory response to this question that why memory of water couldnt remain for a long time. In this model, open strings which connects atoms in universe with anti-atoms in anti-universe interact with open strings which connects molecules of water and anti-water and decrease their entanglement. This causes that exchanging information between water and anti-water decreases and memory is dis-appeared.
Non-Linearities and the Euler Equation: Does Uncertainty Have an Effect on the Approximation Quality?
Authors: Kranz Tobias
Published: January 2020

Deriving a forward-looking Euler equation, this paper compares two fully identified non-linear versions. The difference (or bias) between them stems from an approximation by extracting parameters from the expectation values (Jensen’s inequality) as it is common practice in the literature. Furthermore, the model is completely identified using Consensus Forecasts data for the expectations, inflation-indexed bonds as a proxy for the long-run real interest rate, and estimates for the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Regression analyses using data for three major economies reveal that the difference between the two Euler versions can be explained by uncertainty in the data itself and external uncertainty measures. The results confirm a connection between theoretical and empirical higher-order moments in economic models.
ACTN3 R577X Genotype in Professional and Amateur Tennis Players
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Victor , Machar Reid , Sanz-Rivas David , Del Coso Juan
Published: January 2020

Moreno-Pérez, V, Machar, R, Sanz-Rivas, D, and Del Coso, J. ACTN3 R577X genotype in professional and amateur tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 952–956, 2020—Several investigations have concluded that the RR genotype in the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is overrepresented in elite athletes of strength- and power-based sports when compared with nonelite populations, suggesting a positive role of this genotype on physical performance. However, no investigation has been geared to determine the distribution of this polymorphism in elite tennis players. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency distribution of the ACTN3 R577X genotype in professional and nonprofessional tennis players to determine whether this polymorphism has an association with tennis performance. A total of 128 tennis players volunteered to participate in this study. From the total, 56 were professional tennis players (16 were top 10 in Women Tennis Association/Association of Tennis Professionals [WTA/ATP] rankings, 22 were top 100 in WTA/ATP rankings, and 18 were ranked > top 100 in the WTA/ATP rankings), and the remaining 72 were categorized as nonprofessional. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in the distribution of RR, RX, and XX genotypes between the different performance categories. The distribution of the RR, RX, and XX genotypes was similar in professional (33.9, 48.2, and 17.9%) and nonprofessional tennis players (37.5, 40.3, and 22.2%; p = 0.650). Furthermore, the distribution of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was not different in top 10 (25.0, 50.0, and 25.0%), top 100 (31.8, 50.0, and 18.2%), and WTA/ATP-ranked players (44.4, 44.4, and 11.2%; p = 0.847). These results indicate that the distribution of the ACTN3 R577X genotype is similar in tennis players of very different performance levels. This outcome suggests that the ACTN3 genotype was not associated with elite tennis performance.
Characterization of Alkali-Activated Palm Oil Fuel Ash Pastes as a Function of Calcination Temperatures of Raw Precursor
Authors: Daud Flora Anak Albert , Ismail Idawati , Ahmadi Raudhah , Abdul Samat Nur Amalina Shairah Binti
Published: January 2020

This research investigates the influence of calcination temperatures of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on the properties of the raw precursor and its hardened binder after alkali activation. The raw POFA obtained from palm oil mill is treated at 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for approximately 6 h. The treated POFA (TPOFA) is characterized for particle size distributions and chemical compositions by X-ray fluorescence (XRF); microstructural properties by observing through scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for molecular functional groups. Pastes of alkali-activated POFA (AAPOFA) are synthesized with 12 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alkali activator where the liquid to binder ratio is 0.4. Calcination temperatures are observed to have some influences on the physical properties (such as color, texture, particle size and fineness) and chemical properties (such as composition and reactivity) of the raw precursor. These properties control microstructural evolution of hardened pastes, compressive strength and capillary sorptivity properties of the hardened pastes. Overall results show 500°C is the optimum calcination temperature for POFA that contributes to comparable strength and lowest permeability of AAPOFA binders.
Increased number of retinal vessels in acromegaly
Authors: Füchtbauer Laila , Olsson Daniel S , Coopmans Eva C , Bengtsson Bengt-Åke , Norrman Lise-Lott , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , Hellström Ann , Johannsson Gudmundur
Published: January 2020

Objective

Excess of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as in acromegaly, is associated with increased risk of diabetes, but whether retinal vessels are altered is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal vessel morphology in patients with acromegaly at diagnosis and after treatment and to describe the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with long-standing acromegaly and diabetes.

Design

Two independent observational studies, one being prospective and the other retrospective and cross-sectional.

Methods

Retinal vessel morphology of 26 patients with acromegaly was examined at diagnosis and 1 year after treatment and compared to 13 healthy controls. Cross-sectional evaluation of 39 patients with long-standing acromegaly and diabetes was performed. Fundus photographs were digitally analyzed for vessel morphology.

Results

Patients with acromegaly had a median (interquartile range) of 34.3 (30.0–39.0) vessel branching points compared to 27.0 (24.0–29.0) for healthy controls (P < 0.001). Tortuosity of arterioles and venules remained unchanged. Vessel morphology did not change significantly after treatment. Patients with acromegaly and diabetes for a median of 14 years also had a high number of branching points (34.2 (32.5–35.6)), but the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was not higher than expected in diabetic patients without acromegaly.

Conclusions

Patients with acromegaly have an increased number of vascular branching points in the retina without an alteration of macroscopic vessel morphology. This is consistent with an angiogenic effect of GH/IGF-1 in humans. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was not increased in patients with acromegaly and diabetes.
Fractionated radiotherapy and radiosurgery in acromegaly: analysis of 352 patients from the German Acromegaly Registry
Authors: Knappe U J , Petroff D , Quinkler M , Schmid S M , Schöfl C , Schopohl J , Stieg M R , Tönjes A , _ _
Published: January 2020

Background

If biochemical control of acromegaly is not achieved by operation and medication, radiotherapy may be indicated.

Objective

To describe fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) regarding excess of IGF-1 and pituitary function.

Design and methods

A retrospective analysis of 352 patients (4126 patient-years) from the German Acromegaly Registry was performed. Follow-up was 1.0–45.1 years after radiotherapy. Therapeutic success was defined by low or normal IGF-1 according to center-specific reference ranges without (= remission) or on (= controlled disease) suppressive medication.

Results

Time between radiotherapy and last follow-up was 13.0 ± 8.2 years for FRT (n = 233) and 8.9 ± 5.0 years for SRS (n = 119, P < 0.001). Median (IQR) basal growth hormone before radiotherapy was 6.3 (2.9–16.2) ng/mL for FRT and 3.5 (1.8–6.9) ng/mL for SRS (P < 0.001). Mean time in uncontrolled state was 3.0 years after FRT and 2.1 years after SRS (95% CI for the difference is 0.1 to 1.6 years, P = 0.021). The 10-year calculated remission rate was 48% for FRT and 52% for SRS (95% CI for the difference is −18 to 26% age points, P = 0.74) and the respective controlled disease rate was 23 and 26%. The odds ratio for adrenocorticotropic or thyreotropic insufficiency was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30–1.00, P = 0.049) in SRS compared to FRT patients.

Conclusion

Both after FRT and SRS about 75% of patients with acromegaly are in remission or controlled after 10 years. A slightly faster achievement of target values was observed after SRS. The rate of pituitary insufficiency in FRT patients is significantly higher.
БОЙКІВСЬКИЙ ГОВІР У ХУДОЖНІЙ МОВІ ГРИГОРІЯ ЦЕГЛИНСЬКОГО
Authors: Самборська Ольга
Published: January 2020

У статті досліджено використання фонетичних та граматичних особливостей бойківського говору у художніх текстах Григорія Цеглинського; розглянуто лексичні діалектизми, використані у його драматичних творах, які передають специфіку мовного колориту, притаманного західному варіанту тогочасної літературної мови.Ключові слова: бойківський говір, діалектизм, західний варіант літературної мови, лексико-тематична група, мовна норма.
СИНТЕТИЧНІ ЗАСОБИ ВИРАЖЕННЯ КРАТНОСТІ ДІЇ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПОЕЗІЇ ЛІНИ КОСТЕНКО)
Authors: Вакалюк Іванна
Published: January 2020

У статті охарактеризовано синтетичні засоби вираження кратності діїв поетичній мові Ліни Костенко, визначено їхні функціонально-семантичні ознаки. Встановлено особливості синтетичної репрезентації семельфактива, мультиплікатива та дистрибутива.Ключові слова: кратність дії, синтетичні засоби, ітератив, семельфактив, мультиплікатив, дистрибутив.
Kant y Marx: heteronomía y alienación en la construcción de la libertad
Authors: Gacharná Muñoz Javier
Published: January 2020

La tensión principal de la reflexión corre a cuenta del problema de la libertad en ambos autores. En Kant la búsqueda del principio supremo de la moralidad y su expresión en el imperativo obedece a la necesidad de la libertad de la voluntad. En Marx la voluntad y la conciencia son constitutivas del ser humano, y por tanto el concepto de alienación —heteronomía— representa tanto la crítica al capitalismo como la imperiosa necesidad de superarla.Queremos recrear y enlazar dos ideales de humanidad, inspirarnos en ellos a efectos de contribuir a la crítica del mundo actual y proponer caminos para un mundo mejor.
Alberto Manuel Brenes: El primer botánico costarricense
Authors: Salazar Hámer
Published: January 2020

Biografía de Alberto Manuel Brenes.
Evaluación de tratamientos silviculturales en la sostenibilidad de bosques tropicales en la Región Huetar Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Abarca-Valverde Pablo , Meza-Picado Víctor , Méndez-Gamboa Jhonny
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: Los tratamientos silviculturales surgen como una herramienta más del proceso de manejo de bosques naturales, procurando mantener la productividad y rentabilidad del recurso forestal. [Objetivo]: Se analizaron los tratamientos de refinamiento y liberación al evaluar la integridad ecológica, el potencial productivo de madera comercial y el dióxido de carbono, así como la rentabilidad financiera según los ciclos de corta biológico, normativo y financiero. [Metodología]: Para esto se realizó la quinta medición del experimento silvicultural establecido en el año 1992 por la Comisión de Desarrollo Forestal de San Carlos (CODEFORSA). El experimento consistió en establecer tratamientos silviculturales después del aprovechamiento forestal en la unidad de manejo San Jorge en San Carlos, Costa Rica. [Resultados]: Los tratamientos no alteraron los valores de referencia de especies heliófitas efímeras y área basal; el incremento medio anual no presenta diferencias significativas entre ellos; sin embargo, el ensayo de refinamiento muestra mayores incrementos reflejados en la producción neta de área basal y volumen de la masa remanente comercial, los cuales fueron 27.42 % y 9.11 % más altos, respectivamente. [Conclusiones]: El ciclo de corta financiera y biológica se cumple entre 4 y 5 años antes que el ciclo de corta normativo de 15 años para los tratamientos de refinamiento y liberación, lo que indica además, una mayor rentabilidad.
Regenerative Medicine: where their origin makes species meet
Authors: Malda Jos
Published: January 2020

The articular cartilage of joints serves diverse functions, including absorbing shock, transmitting force, and enabling low-friction joint motion. Regeneration of articular cartilage defects remains, however, a significant challenge in both human and veterinary orthopaedic practice. Ex vivo and in vivo models play a crucial role in translating novel potential regenerative treatments from bench to bedside. However, in view of the predictive power of these models and the One Medicine concept that proclaim that there should be no dividing lines between human and animal medicine to learn, it is important to understand the similarities as well as differences in the cartilage tissue between species. To this aim, osteochondral cores of the femoral condyles were studied in 58 different mammalian species ranging from mouse to elephant. Interestingly, while biochemical composition remained relatively constant, cartilage thickness and cellularity were similar underscoring the importance of the equine species as a model for human orthopaedic interventions. Nevertheless, political ambition and societal pressure are now asking for a drastically reduction of animal experimentation and have further spiked the development of more predictive in vitro and ex vivo models. In addition to a range of more sophisticated in vitro assays, this has now also provided an ex vivo osteochondral defect model that can be generated based on equine donor tissue. Although such models better represent the situation in the native tissue and can be used to assess (osteo)chondral repair strategies, they still lack some important aspects of the in vivo (patho)physiological (inflammatory) environment, as well as the exposure to mechanical loading. This illustrates the challenges that we still face in translating these novel approaches from bench to bedside.
3D polymeric scaffolds for oral tissue regeneration
Authors: Chavarría-Bolaños Daniel , Villalobos Diana , Vega-Baudrit José Roberto
Published: January 2020

A fundamental base of bioengineering and tissue regeneration is the selection and development of the scaffolds responsible for cell growth. However, finding the “ideal” scaffold depends not only on proposing an innovative idea, but also on considering multiple chemical, biological, and physical aspects that can be manipulated to optimize their future clinical performance. Multiple local variables (such as local inflammation, vascularity, tissue damage, immune response, among others), as well as systemic variables (diseases or concomitant treatments) can favor or affect the scaffold behavior in each case. The selection of the ideal scaffold for each case involves three indispensable steps: design, selection of manufacturing material, and visualization of the future biological function that each biomaterial will perform. The design is always a parallel process with the selection of the ideal biomaterial. Certain “light” scaffolds (such as membranes, hydrogels, or sponges) will require the use of polymers that allow their simple manipulation and early degradation, which in turn can favor the release of charged molecules previously included, obtaining an active scaffold known as drug delivery system. On the other hand, structural scaffolds that are prone to replace block compromised structures may need different designs and production techniques, where three-dimensional printing is included. All of these options should consider important aspects such as bioactivity, regenerative capacity, and biological response of the surrounding tissues. Some alternatives may induce greater cell adhesion and proliferation, while optimizing the osseointegration and healing processes. Other alternatives may play a more “active” role while promoting regeneration processes and controlling local infectious diseases or painful responses. In order to look for the best translational approach of the biomaterial, each option must be chosen with the correct diagnosis of the case to be treated.