bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La excelencia académica en la universidad médica contemporánea
Authors: Guijarro Reinoso Gabriela Patricia , Parra Pérez Carmen Del Rocío , Alvarado Alvarado Haydee María , Vega Gordillo María Verónica , Pillajo Tenelema Iván Fernando
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo hace una revisión crítica del estado actual de la educación médica contemporánea, revisando los principales problemas, desajustes y opciones para su mejora con el propósito de formar un médico humanista reorientando la educación médica con un enfoque científico tanto en las ciencias básicas como en la clínica. Determinar la necesidad de realizar investigación en el área de la educación médica para crear conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes que respondan a situaciones complejas. Se revisaron varios estudios referentes al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación médica en la actualidad, seleccionando artículos en bases científicas nacionales e internacionales como son Scopus, Scielo, Pubmed, New England Journal, a fin de realizar el análisis y síntesis de revisiones documentales y bibliográficas sobre la temática. Los cambios que han surgido en los últimos años en la educación médica se han caracterizado por eliminar viejos métodos educativos y la promoción de otros novedosos, apoyándose principalmente en la aplicación de diversas herramientas tecnológicas en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje teniendo la necesidad de realizar investigaciones científicas en el campo de la educación médica, las cuales aportan en la toma de futuras decisiones sustentadas científicamente. Se deben realizar nuevas investigaciones en el campo de la educación médica, que aporten en la toma de decisiones sustentadas científicamente acerca de las normativas educacionales las cuales deberán guiar la formación óptima de los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, VARIABILITAS PERSEDIAAN, VARIABILITAS HARGA PKOK PENJUALAN, LABA SEBELUM PAJAK, DAN FINANCIAL LEVERAGE TERHADAP PEMILIHAN METODE AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2014-2018)
Authors: Andirfa Mulia , Maryana  , Chyntia Eka
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine "The Influence of Company Size, Inventory

Variability, Variability of Cost of Goods Sold, Profit Before Tax, Financial Leverage on

Inventory Selection Inventory Accounting Method (In Food and Beverage Sector

Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2014-2018)" . . The population 

of this study are food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for

the period 2014-2018. The research sample consisted of 7 companies. The sampling

technique was purposive sampling technique. The data used are secondary data from the

annual reports of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

This research uses logistic regression analysis method with SPSS program. The result of 

this research shows that firm size, inventory variability, cost of goods sold profit before

tax simultaneously affect the selection of inventory accounting methods.
The burden of occupational injury attributable to high temperatures in Australia, 2014–19: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Varghese Blesson M , Hansen Alana , Mann Nick , Liu Jingwen , Zhang Ying , Driscoll Tim R , Morgan Geoffrey G , Dear Keith , Capon Anthony , Gourley Michelle , Prescott Vanessa , Dolar Vergil , Bi Peng
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To assess the population health impact of high temperatures on workplace health and safety by estimating the burden of heat‐attributable occupational injury in Australia.

Study design, setting

Retrospective observational study; estimation of burden of occupational injury in Australia attributable to high temperatures during 2014–19, based on Safe Work Australia (work‐related traumatic injury fatalities and workers’ compensation databases) and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare data (Australian Burden of Disease Study and National Hospital Morbidity databases), and a meta‐analysis of climate zone‐specific risk data.

Main outcome measure

Burden of heat‐attributable occupational injuries as disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), comprising the numbers of years of life lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs), nationally, by Köppen–Geiger climate zone, and by state and territory.

Results

During 2014–19, an estimated 42 884 years of healthy life were lost to occupational injury, comprising 39 485 YLLs (92.1%) and 3399 YLDs (7.9%), at a rate of 0.80 DALYs per 1000 workers per year. A total of 967 occupational injury‐related DALYs were attributable to heat (2.3% of occupational injury‐related DALYs), comprising 890 YLLs (92%) and 77 YLDs (8%). By climate zone, the heat‐attributable proportion was largest in the tropical Am (12 DALYs; 3.5%) and Aw zones (34 DALYs; 3.5%); by state and territory, the proportion was largest in New South Wales and Queensland (each 2.9%), which also included the largest numbers of heat‐attributable occupational injury‐related DALYs (NSW: 379 DALYs, 39% of national total; Queensland: 308 DALYs; 32%).

Conclusion

An estimated 2.3% of the occupational injury burden in Australia is attributable to high ambient temperatures. To prevent this burden increasing with global warming, adaptive measures and industry‐based policies are needed to safeguard workplace health and safety, particularly in heat‐exposed industries, such as agriculture, transport, and construction.
New insights into the early Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) carbon cycle perturbation
Authors: Suchéras-Marx Baptiste , Suan Guillaume , Giraud Fabienne , Mattioli Emanuela , Khozyem Hassan M. , Mazur Jean-Charles , Fantasia Alicia , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Adatte Thierry
Published: November 2023

Mesozoic strata record numerous negative and positive carbon isotope excursions (CIEs). The Middle Jurassic records a negative ~0.5 ‰ CIE at the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary followed by a positive ~1.5 ‰ CIE covering the entire early Bajocian. Although these CIEs are recorded in northern and southwestern Tethys and may reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, they remain poorly investigated. In this study, we present new geochemical and sedimentological data from the Chaudon-Norante section in France and Murtinheira section in Portugal to better constrain the origin of the lower Bajocian CIEs. Associated with the previously published carbon isotopic composition of bulk carbonate (δ13Cbulk carbonate) we provide new δ13Corg records, as well as total phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation rates (AR), and CaCO3 and organic matter data. In contrast with previous interpretations, our results show no evidence of a carbonate production crisis during the early Bajocian. A slight increase in siliciclastic and phosphorus AR would argue for oceanic fertilization but without a parallel increase in organic matter AR. The obtained stratigraphic δ13Cbulk carbonate vs. of the carbon isotopic composition of bulk organic matter (δ13Corg) patterns are distinctive and mimic previous box modeling results simulating an increase in productivity forced by higher phosphorus rates from riverine and weathered-carbon input burial. The subsequent organic carbon burial produced counter-greenhouse conditions, which in turn produced a cooling by CO2 uptake. Our results indicate that the lower Bajocian event shows several similarities with the late Valanginian positive CIE (also known as the Weissert event). An accurate comparison of both events may help for a better understanding of the origin and consequence of such carbon cycle perturbations.
NS-Täter zwischen Gestapo und pfälzischer Geschichtsforschung
Authors: Müsegades Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Karl Richard Weintz (1908−2010) war ein früher nationalsozialistischer Aktivist. An Stationen u.a. in der Pfalz, in München, Berlin, Wien und Posen sowie in der Sowjetunion wirkte er in den Jahren zwischen 1933 und 1945 für den SD, die Gestapo und das Reichssicherheitshauptamt. Dabei gestaltete er die Verfolgungs-, Unterdrückungs- und Vernichtungspolitik des nationalsozialistischen Deutschlands mit. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ließ sich Weintz als Rechtsanwalt in seiner Heimatstadt Neustadt an der Weinstraße nieder und ging dort seinen landesgeschichtlichen Interessen nach. In diesem Kontext initiierte er 1979 als wesentlicher Akteur die Errichtung der Stiftung zur Förderung der pfälzischen Geschichtsforschung, deren Entwicklung er bis zu seinem Tod drei Jahrzehnte entscheidend lenkte und prägte. Das Buch leistet mit der Aufarbeitung seiner Biographie einen Beitrag zur NS-Täterforschung und zur Geschichte der pfälzischen Landesgeschichte, insbesondere zu ihren thematischen, institutionellen und personellen Kontinuitäten zwischen „Drittem Reich“ und Bundesrepublik.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BASE ISOLATED HOSPITAL BUILDINGS AFTER KAHRAMANMARAS EARTHQUAKES
Authors:   Turkey, Kaatsız Kaan , Alıcı F.S. , Tanisher S.
Published: November 2023

The devastating effects of February 6th, 2023 earthquakes have been documented for many types of building systems located in the disaster region. Another important aspect of the region is that there are several seismic base-isolated hospital buildings that were constructed or is under construction. In this study, the performance evaluation of the base-isolated hospital buildings is discussed based on the data gathered from a field study conducted after the earthquakes. Several conclusions regarding the seismic performance of the isolator devices and behaviour of the isolated superstructure are made from these observations.
Applıcatıon of the role of logıstıcs ın the effectıve organızatıon and management of enterprıses
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Aliyev F.
Published: November 2023

This article provides information about logistics reuse in enterprises. The article consists of 3 parts. In the first part, theoretical and methodological bases of logistics are discussed, basic information of logistics is given. The second part lists the main features of logistics and gives a brief information about them. The third part explains the use in creating logistics. The article is about what is used in logistics enterprises. References are given at the end.
Determinants of foreign trade and their characteristics
Authors:   Baku State University, Abbaszadeh M.
Published: November 2023

In the modern era, which is rapidly globalizing, foreign trade is becoming an important factor in the development of the country s economy. Therefore, the regulation of import-export operations is an important area of economic activity of governments. The well-known classifications of foreign trade regulation instruments are given in the economic literature. The article discusses these tools in detail, as well as other, more subtle factors. For Azerbaijan, which is not a member of the World Trade Organization, the sphere of influence of these factors is of particular importance. Given the relative small market capacity of the country, special attention is paid to the factors of cross-country integration
Analysis and assessment of the modern state of foreign trade relations of the republic of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University, Aslanova T. , Fatahova N.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of foreign trade relations, as well as generalize them taking into account the characteristics of the modern era. Research methodology - comparative analysis, logical summarization, systematic approach, synthesis and analysis methods were used in the research work. Application importance of the research - the development of the non-oil sector in the country's economy is of special relevance. From this point of view, the main issues investigated in the research are the determination and evaluation of the current state of the country s foreign trade relations. The results of the study - the country's export concentration index and foreign trade complex analysis, the functional purpose of import and export were analyzed, and it was shown that the development of the non-oil sector in the country s economy is of particular importance. Originality and scientific novelty of the research - efficiency indicators of foreign economic relations were evaluated based on the methodology of the World Bank, the index of the maturity of Azerbaijan s exports was given, and it was stated that the obtained results are relevant for the national economy.
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH FREED FROM OCCUPATION ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Institute of Economics of ETN of the Republic of Azerbaijan Leading researcher of the ", Yadigarov T. ,   Regulation of foreign economic activity",   department, Əliyev Ş. ,   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction
Published: November 2023

Purposeful socio-economic reforms of the national economy implemented in our country to the further strengthening and modernization of competitiveness, the life of the population it is developing dynamically, aiming at increasing its level. This development is from previous years compared to the Supreme Commander of the victorious Azerbaijan Army in the current conditions of our republic 32 years of occupation after the 44-day civil war led by Ilham Aliyev has become even more intensive due to the restoration of our territories under it. Free from occupation The quality, composition, suitability of our land for agricultural production is high since the use of those lands in agriculture, as well as the former USSR in these areas traditional production and processing areas operating during the period, including the republic for the development of light industry, which is considered as one of the sensitive areas of the economy restoration of favorable conditions is important. It is known that February 2 Azerbaijan to the Decree on the approval of National Priorities for socio-economic development mainly the 5 main National Priorities for the socio-economic development of the country in the next decade One of the priority areas identified for the realization is the large liberated areas return program. Within the framework of this program, it has been freed from occupation since that date construction and improvement works in the areas, including road, transport infrastructure, housing of the planned plan for the construction of houses, cultural centers, city center the realization affects the economic potential of these areas and the socio-economic of the population aimed at further improving the situation
Features of the current state of the energy complex of azerbaijan and its participation in the world market of energy carriers
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Mirheydarova A. , Orujov M. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: November 2023

The international energy market is an international environment operating in the context of the globalization of the world economy. It takes into account the interests of state, national, integrated and private oil and gas companies. This market is a complex that provides payment. All processes occurring in the energy market are closely related to the international and national policies of states, and to varying degrees affect the interests of every inhabitant of the planet. The fuel and energy complex of Azerbaijan is the basis of the country s economy and, in many cases, even its main economic sector. It ensures security and guarantees life in almost all areas of the economy
Decentralised elderly care in transition
Authors: Feltenius David
Published: November 2023

Since the early 1980s and onwards, there has been a decentralization of power and responsibility to the municipalities for care for the elderly (i.e. there has been a de- crease in central state control). However, at the end of the 1990s and onwards, there were signs of a reversal in this trend as the government presented action and development plans concerning the municipalities’ performance with regard to elderly care. The question investigated in this article is through which policy instruments this governing took place. According to the literature on governance, it is likely that governing will take place through “soft” policy instruments such as “information”, “agreements” and “projects”. The argument made by the literature on governance is supported by an empirical investigation of the content of the government’s action and development plans. In addition, interviews with key figures responsible for the government’s action and development plans show that the governing performed by the central state could be interpreted in terms of a compromise between two incompatible goals: on the one hand to increase central state level control to combat cases of poor performance within care for the elderly; on the other hand to respect the principle of municipal self rule.
Making School Development Credible
Authors: Börjesson Mats
Published: November 2023

The article argues for the importance of an open, reflexive-methodological approach when switching between studying text, context and researcher activity. Close linguistic analysis can benefit from being linked with the researcher’s contextualisation of his empirical material as well as with more distanced readings. The more specific starting point for this article is that school development, like other similar terms such as school improvement and the like, makes use of linguistic building blocks with which whole narratives about today’s and tomorrow’s schools can be constructed. The subject of the study is a short text issued by the Swedish Schools Inspectorate (Skolinspektionen). Government language changes according to the authorities’ role in society and their own definitions of their functions, and an important aspect here is the legitimacy of the authorities’ texts. By means of various kinds of close linguistic analysis, the above-mentioned text is studied with regard to choice of categories, hierarchies of modalisation and the rhetorical effects of different types of formulations in a broader political-social landscape. The article concludes with a reflective discussion on the relationship between government language and irony as a stylistic device – a device that is based on the results of the close empirical analysis.1
Administrative economies of scale in local government in Denmark
Authors: Houlberg Kurt
Published: November 2023

The Danish Local Government Reform in 2007 reduced the number of municipalities from 271 to 98 and the number of Regions from 14 to 5 along with major changes in tasks, finances and the equalisation scheme. One of the objectives of the reform was to realize administrative economies of scale. Measured by administrative costs, this article concludes that the amalgamated municipalities so far have not realized the expected administrative economies of scale. It is, however, also shown that the potential economies of scale prior to the Reform was inflated in a Reform legitimating process. Before as well as after the Reform, administrative economies of scale exist if analysing on administrative costs. Technically administrative costs by decentralised agencies, however, cannot be calculated and are therefore not included in the analysis. Basing the analysis instead on administrative personnel, including administrative staff employed at schools, kindergartens etc., the conclusion is that larger municipalities do not spend less resources on administration than smaller municipalities.
Book Review: Performance Information in the Public Sector - How it is Used
Authors: Sørensen Eva
Published: November 2023

Van Dooren, Wouter and Van de Walle, Steven (ed) Performance Information in the Public Sector. How it is Used

Palgrave MacMillan, 2008 (paperback 2011), 296 pages, ISBN: 0230309127, 246 SEK.
Agencies and transparency in Norwegian local government
Authors: Torsteinsen Harald , Bjørnå Hilde
Published: November 2023

The NPM portfolio offers several solutions to improve organisational performance and efficiency. One of the most crucial of them is to split up integrated organisations into more autonomous operational units. The idea of arm’s length government is gaining ground in Norwegian local government and has materialised itself through the proliferation of agencies, especially in the shape of different forms of local government bodies and enterprises. Agencies are regarded as useful organisational designs for promoting transparency and, in consequence, better fiscal and political control. They are supposed to provide a more output oriented type of democracy. But does this form of government actually improve transparency and are Norwegian municipalities attuned to and prepared for this type of democracy? This article builds on case studies of local government enterprises in two municipalities. Here we ask: how transparent are the activities and outputs of these agencies; do they have specified contracts; do they have easy-to-follow structures and are the owners in control? Our findings make us question local governments’ ability to accommodate the form of transparency associated with agencies and output oriented democracy. In our cases, arm’s length government has not led to the intended increase in transparency and political control, mainly because of weak contractualisation between local government and agencies, complex ownership structures, lack of interest among average local politicians, side-lined municipal administrations and even mayors striving to get the information and the influence they deem necessary and legitimate.
Arenas for contact
Authors: Matscheck David , Axelsson Runo
Published: November 2023

Collaboration in the field of mental health involves institutions with differing organizational structures and belonging to different administrative and political authorities. The institutions concerned include professionals with such varying roles as physicians, nurses, psychologists, social welfare secretaries, occupational therapists, home support personnel and others. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyse how different psychiatric and social services in a Swedish municipality can collaborate, in spite of obvious differences in organizational forms, legislative and administrative mandates, professional backgrounds and perspectives. A study of formal agreements and procedures for collaboration and other forms of documentation, in combination with an interview study of persons with different occupational roles in each respective organization, shows the importance of a comprehensive strategy based on a holistic view of the diverse needs of individual patients and clients. Such a strategy requires an overall structure including not only written agreements and procedures, but also arenas for meetings at all levels of the organizations involved, in which the role of leadership is to solidify the structure for collaboration and support individual professionals working in collaboration to provide care and service for individual patients or clients.
Leadership across Danish hospitals
Authors: Plesner Jeppe , Christensen Anne Birgitte , Bech Mickael , Larsson Magnus
Published: November 2023

Healthcare organizations are challenged by complexity in structure and knowledge, and heterogeneity in deliveries and patient demands. Reductionist managerial approaches fall short in resolving the quality issues of healthcare, but Scientific Management and New Public Management (NPM) nevertheless has a strong hold on leadership thinking in hospitals. Increasing demand for adaptive and collaborative capacity emphazises the need to rethink the way we organize and lead these organisations. We conducted semi-structured interviews, examining the organizational and leadership thinking of 14 key decision makers, hospital directors and ward leaders, holding a key role in planning and implementing new organisational structures in the Region of Southern Denmark. Informants stress the organizational complexity, and the need for better coordination and collaboration across boundaries. In contrast, they present leadership discourses that are grounded on hierarchical positions and individual agency. Hospitals are complex organisations characterised by extensive bureaucracy, struggling with quality issues, attributable to rigid organisational boundaries and the dominant SM and NPM thinking. We show that an organisational change meant to address this problem is not accompanied by a similar change in leadership constructs, and we offer ideas of complexity leadership, enhancing relational coordination, adaptability and flexibility.
Swedish government as owner of transport infrastructure
Authors: Hasselgren Björn
Published: November 2023

Governments have a choice whether to intervene in the transport infrastructure sector to manage, finance and own the assets of the sector, or to rely on markets and private sector actors for the provision of these systems. In this article the development of rail and road infrastructure in Sweden and the choice between government and market provision of these systems are analyzed from a co-evolutionary perspective. Technology, economics, and politics have influenced the government’s policy formation and decisions on organizational models over time, such as the nationalization of roads and railroads in the 1930s-40s. The aim for improved economic efficiency and reduction of cost differences between different parts of the country rather than political ideology explain why roads and railroads were nationalized. Through adjusting its ownership role and policy content the government has, over time, accommodated to the different influences from technology, economics and politics. The government’s ownership of transport infrastructure has not been challenged since the nationalization. This could be seen as a sign of a successful gradual policy adjustment from the government’s side, thereby avoiding private sector solutions.
When Reform Politicians Eliminate the Goods of other Political Actors
Authors: Krogh Simon
Published: November 2023

This paper describes the consequences of institutional reforms when these encounter opposition by other political actors. Within the rational institutionalism paradigm, Fritz W. Scharpf has argued that a utility-maximizing actor will violate the norms of formal institutions if the expected gains from breaching institutional arrangements exceed the expected costs of institutional adherence. The theory of the rule-violating actor is tested on the case of the Danish reform of public administration, where 14 counties were consolidated into five regional units, which operate under a new governance structure. Under this new governance structure the regional councilors’ opportunity to pursue substantial and institutional goods is reduced. The hypothesis therefore, is that the regional councilors will violate the institutional norms in order to be better positioned to pursue both substantial and institutional goods. The analysis tends to support Scharpf’s rule-violating theory. The Danish regional councilors violate the stipulation by making cosmetic changes in the mandates in order to continue the work and by ensuring that the “continuing committees” contain the same councilor members as in the preceding year. Regardless of this permanentization the regions attempt to keep the committees temporary in order to ensure that the councilors are financial compensated.
An exploratory study of the construct measured by automated writing scores across task types and test occasions
Authors:   York University, Barkaoui Khaled , Woodworth Jonathan ,   York University
Published: November 2023

With the growing use of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) to score second language (L2) writing performance, questions are often raised concerning the interpretation of automated scores. Such questions are typically investigated by examining the association between automated scores and human holistic ratings at one point in time. However, this line of research cannot answer questions about whether and how this association varies across tasks and test occasions. This exploratory study addresses this gap by examining the association between automated writing scores and human multiple-trait ratings of essays written by 48 learners of English in response to TOEFL iBT independent and integrated writing tasks on two test occasions, before and after a period of English language study. Each essay (N= 192) was scored by e-rater and rated by a group of human raters on various writing features. The findings indicated that the associations between e-rater scores and human ratings of some writing features varied significantly across task types and tended to be stronger for essays written after, than for essays written before, English language study. We discuss the findings and their implications for future research on automated scoring in L2 writing assessment.
Busca e Apreensão e a Súmula 72 do STJ:
Authors: Soares de Jesus Pinheiro Daniel , Mota Tavares Naiane
Published: November 2023

A atuação do agente jurídico, independentemente da área de sua especialização, por vezes é confrontada por obstáculos decorrentes da insegurança jurídica verificada nas decisões judiciais de Tribunais. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida sobre a temática da comprovação da mora de consumidores em contratos de alienação fiduciária prevista no Decreto-Lei 911, de 1969. Diante disso, definiuse como objetivo de pesquisa a qualificação da Súmula 72 do STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) perante a atual norma processual civil. Por fim, este estudo buscou responder se a comprovação da mora seria um pressuposto processual da ação de busca e apreensão, ou se seria um requisito para deferimento da liminar de busca e apreensão.
Acessoriedade Administrativa e Dúvida sobre a Proibição nos Crimes contra o Mercado de Capitais
Authors: Cochenski Borba Thiago
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo analisa como os processos criminais envolvendo os crimes da Lei 6.385, de 7 de dezembro de 1976, são impactados pela regulação da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e se a relação entre as esferas penal e administrativa tem criado dificuldades para a definição do risco permitido aos intérpretes. De início, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, traçou-se um panorama geral da interface entre as esferas penal e administrativa na persecução dessas condutas. Após, procedeu-se ao levantamento dos processos criminais já sentenciados no Brasil envolvendo tais ilícitos, para compreender como os magistrados têm abordado a questão. Ao final, identificou-se inúmeras ocorrências de interface entre as esferas, cuja análise levou à conclusão de que o direito penal deve buscar conceitos próprios e claros para a definição dos elementos normativos dos tipos que considerarem o conteúdo da norma administrativa, evitando o estado de dúvida.
Selective JAK1 inhibition using upadacitinib for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Hamam Hasan
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with two main subtypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The cause of IBD is not fully understood, but it involves a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors that trigger an abnormal immune response in the gut. The immune system plays a central role in IBD, with an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leading to an exaggerated immune response and infiltration of immune cells into the mucosa.2 This infiltration triggers the release of cytokines, interleukins and interferons, activating signalling pathways that damage the mucosal barrier.

Despite the presence of several treatment choices for individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), there still remain significant challenges. The symptoms associated with the disease have a detrimental impact on individuals’ quality of life, and uncontrolled inflammation can lead to complications of disease requiring surgery, further emphasizing the need for improved treatment to achieve disease control and enhance overall well-being.

The involvement of the Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) family of enzymes in the signalling pathways of several pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes it a potential therapeutic target. Tofacitinib, a nonselective pan-JAK inhibitor, was the first JAK inhibitor treatment approved for moderate-to-severe cases of UC. However, long-term studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with tofacitinib have highlighted safety concerns including potentially higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events and venous thromboembolism. The second generation of JAK inhibitors include selective JAK1 therapies, such as upadacitinib. Upadacitinib is a selective and reversible JAK inhibitor approved for treating UC; RA; psoriatic arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis (AS); and atopic dermatitis, and approval for Crohn’s disease is expected in the near future. This review intends to describe the mechanism of upadacitinib, evaluate the current clinical evidence of its effectiveness in treating IBD, and discuss safety considerations.
Perfil e trajetória acadêmica de estudantes indígenas da Universidade de Brasilia
Authors: Renault Cláudia Regina Nunes dos Santos , Albuquerque Alessandra Rocha de
Published: November 2023

A Universidade de Brasília (UnB) foi pioneira na oferta de vagas específicas aos indígenas, tendo firmado, em 2004, Convênio de Cooperação com a Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI). Tal convênio instituiu a criação de vagas suplementares e vestibular específico para estudantes indígenas. Em 2012, com a promulgação da “lei de cotas” (Lei 12.711) tornou-se obrigatória a reserva de vagas nas universidades federais para pretos, pardos e indígenas. Transcorridos 17 anos do Convênio de Cooperação e seis da lei de cotas, informações relativas ao perfil da população de estudantes indígenas da UnB, bem como à sua trajetória acadêmica, não foram publicadas, sendo este o objetivo do presente estudo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental no Sistema de Graduação (SIGRA) da Universidade, a partir da qual foram levantadas informações relativas às seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, etnia, curso, data de ingresso e situação acadêmica (ativo, trancado, desistente, graduado). Foi identificado o total de 108 estudantes indígenas, com idade média de 24,39 anos, provenientes de todas as regiões do país e pertencentes a 35 diferentes etnias. Do total de estudantes, 26,9% concluíram o curso até o momento e 43,5% foram desligados. Estes dados evidenciam a diversidade cultural do grupo de estudantes indígenas e apontam índices de evasão superiores aos do ensino superior de um modo geral. Acredita-se que a inexistência de mecanismos e espaços específicos de acolhimento e acompanhamento destes estudantes na fase inicial de implementação desta política tenham influenciado a permanência dos mesmos na Universidade.
USA schützen Netzneutralität, Entwurf gegen Routerzwang, Facebook abgemahnt
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Die Meinungsfreiheit kann auch den Einsatz versteckter Kameras schützen, die US-Regulierungsbehörde verabschiedet eine Regelung zur Netzneutralität, die EU-Kommission darf den Zugang zu Gerichtsdokumenten nicht pauschal verweigern. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Entwurf zum Routerzwang, Abmahnung gegen Facebook.
„Tief uneinige Weltgesellschaft“: Forscher untersuchen Ethik des Kopierens
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Mit der „Ethik des Kopierens“ beschäftigt sich eine Wissenschaftlergruppe am Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung der Universität Bielefeld. Der Streit um legitimes und illegitimes Kopieren ist nicht nur eine rechtliche Frage, sondern hat stets eine tiefe kulturelle Dimension, so Eberhard Ortland, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Forschungsgruppe, im iRights.info-Interview.
Keine Panik
Authors: Schönborn Julia
Published: November 2023

Die Digitalisierung verändert alles. Während die einen Angstszenarien aufbauen, sehen die anderen die Chancen. Und die sind riesig. Sie versprechen Teilhabe, Zugang zu Wissen und Demokratisierung. Vor einigen Wochen saß ich mit meinem Mann in einem Auto mit Einparkassistent. Der Wagen parkte rückwärts parallel ein, absolut exakt, das Lenkrad drehte sich dabei ohne unser Zutun. Es war beeindruckend. Und gruselig.
„Tod eines Internet-Aktivisten“: Doku über Aaron Swartz jetzt auch auf Deutsch erschienen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Im vergangenen Juni erschien die Dokumentation „The Internet’s Own Boy“ des Filmemachers Brian Knappenberger, am kommenden Sonntag ist es zwei Jahre her, dass die Nachricht vom Tod des Entwicklers und Internet-Aktivisten Aaron Swartz bekannt wurde. Beim ZDF ist Knappenbergers Dokumentation jetzt in deutscher Fassung zu sehen (Mediathek): Die englische Version hatte ich an dieser Stelle besprochen.
EuGH: Privatkopie-Abgabe auch bei Speicherkarten möglich
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Auf Speicherkarten bei Mobiltelefonen lassen sich Musik und andere geschützte Inhalte kopieren. Eine Urheberrechts-Abgabe darauf ist im Prinzip mit EU-Recht vereinbar, urteilt der Europäische Gerichtshof. Ob das auch für eine konkrete Regelung in Dänemark gilt, ist damit aber noch nicht gesagt.
Neue Werkzeuge sollen Urhebernennung unterstützen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Auf dem diesjährigen Chaos Communication Congress hat der Entwickler Jonas Öberg einen Vortrag unter dem Titel „Attribution Revolution“ gehalten, in dem er Projekte seines Entwicklerstudios mit dem Namen „Commons Machinery“ vorstellt. Das Team um Öberg widmet sich Werkzeugen, die die Nennung von Urhebern und Lizenzbedingungen erleichtern sollen, wenn man digitale Inhalte weiternutzt.
Whatsapp: Wie riskant ist der Messagingdienst?
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der Messenger Whatsapp machte in der Vergangenheit beständig durch Datenschutzrisiken und Sicherheitsprobleme von sich reden, dennoch gehört er zu den am weitesten verbreiteten Diensten. Trotz Nachbesserungen wie der neuen Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung liefert Whatsapp weiter Anlass für Kritik.
Presse muss Verdacht nicht richtigstellen, Xing-Impressum, DSL-Gebühren
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Berichte über einen Straftatverdacht müssen nach einem BGH-Urteil nicht richtiggestellt werden, ein neues Urteil sieht keine Impressumspflicht bei Xing, das BKA bekommt einen neuen Präsidenten. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: DSL-Gebühren und „standard-essenzielle“ Patente.
Twitter lenkt ein: Twitpic-Archiv bleibt nun doch erhalten
Authors: Richter Hagen
Published: November 2023

Die Kurznachrichtenplattform Twitter will nun doch das Archiv der Foto- und Videoplattform Twitpic erhalten. Die rund 800 Millionen gespeicherten Bilder sollen online verfügbar bleiben, meldet The Guardian. Der drohende Verlust eines global gewachsenen Kulturguts scheint damit abgewendet. Twitpic startete im Jahr 2008 und diente dazu, Fotos und Videos auf Twitter zu teilen.
EU-Rat für niedrigere Datenschutzstandards, Antiterrordatei-Reform, TPP-Urheberrecht
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der EU-Ministerrat will einen „risikobasierten Ansatz“ bei der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung, der Bundestag beschließt eine Reform der Antiterrordatei, das Verwaltungsgericht Köln erklärt den Rundfunkbeitrag für verfassungsgemäß. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Neuer TPP-Entwurf, kleine Suchmaschinen im Fokus des Leistungsschutzrechts, Namensrechte bei Domains, Kanzleramt droht NSA-Aufklärern, neues Gesetz zu „Rachepornos“ in Großbritannien.
EU-Datenschutzreform: Ein gescheitertes Großprojekt?
Authors: Schaar Peter
Published: November 2023

Was haben der Berliner Flughafen BER, die Hamburger Elbphilharmonie und die EU-Datenschutzreform gemeinsam?
Freedom-House-Bericht: Bürgerliche Freiheiten auf dem Rückzug
Authors: Lahmann Henning
Published: November 2023

In eigener Sache: Die Lage bei Bürgerrechten im Netz ist schlechter geworden, so der Bericht der US-Organisation Freedom House. Deutschland ist zwar im grünen Bereich, doch aufgeführt wird unter anderem die unklare Lage zur Netzneutralität, das Leistungsschutzrecht, Störerhaftung und Geheimdienst-Überwachung.
Wie betreibe ich meine private Cloud?
Authors: Weitzmann John Hendrik
Published: November 2023

Wenn man seine Daten nicht in die Hände Dritter geben will, kann man sich eine private Cloud einrichten. Man braucht ein wenig Ahnung von Servern und Serversoftware – aber die kann man sich im Netz anlesen. Wir geben einen Überblick, was man braucht, um selbst Cloud-Betreiber zu werden. Die Cloud als Internet-Trend ist normalerweise mit der Vorstellung verbunden, dass man seine Daten an einen großen Dienstleister weitergibt.
Verbraucherschützer erfolgreich gegen Facebook – aber in Sorge um kommende EU-Grundverordnung
Authors: Richter Hagen
Published: November 2023

Bei der Durchsetzung deutscher Datenschutzbestimmungen gegen Facebook konnten Verbraucherschützer vor kurzem gerichtliche Erfolge vermelden. Angesichts jüngster Beschlüsse im EU-Rat ist aber unsicher, ob die kommende Datenschutz-Grundverordnung diese Entwicklung ausbremst oder fördert. Erst kürzlich war eine Klage des Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverbands (VZBV) gegen Facebook erfolgreich.
Handys an Schulen: Häufige Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Handys an der Schule sorgen oftmals für Streit: Dürfen Schulen zum Beispiel verbieten, dass Schüler ihre Handys auf dem Schulgelände benutzen? Wann und wie weit sind solche Verbote zulässig? Welche Rechte haben Schüler, Eltern und Lehrer? Antworten auf häufige Fragen zum Thema.
GEMA-Alternative sucht Mitglieder
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Eine Alternative zur GEMA wollen die Gründer der Cultural Commons Collecting Society aufbauen – reif für das digitale Zeitalter soll sie sein, freie Lizenzen für ihre Mitglieder erlauben. Wie weit die C3S damit ist und vor welchen Mühen der Ebene sie jetzt steht, erläutert Mitgründer und Geschäftsführer Wolfgang Senges im Interview.
Ein Deckel mit Löchern
Authors: Hesseling Claus
Published: November 2023

Die 2013 beschlossene Abmahndeckelung sollte Internetnutzer schützen: Tausende Euro für das illegale Verbreiten von Musik und Filmen – das sollte ein Ende haben. Jetzt zeigt sich: Im Ergebnis hat sich nicht viel geändert.
Kanadische Open-Media-Aktivisten stellen Report und Agenda für „unsere digitale Zukunft“ vor
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Die kanadischen Netzaktivisten von „Open Media“ stellen unter dem Titel „Unsere digitale Zukunft“ eine crowdbasierte politische Vision zur Freiheit im Netz vor.
Gutachten: CETA kein ACTA-Wiedergänger, dennoch kein Fortschritt
Authors: Lahmann Henning
Published: November 2023

In eigener Sache: Ein Kurzgutachten untersucht, ob mit dem Freihandelsabkommen CETA auch ACTA-Bestimmungen durch die Hintertür wieder eingeführt werden könnten.
The closing-in phenomenon: Intricate aspect of constructional apraxia
Authors: Pavlović Viktor , Parojčić Aleksandra , Pavlović Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

The closing-in phenomenon occurs when a drawing is reproduced close to or superimposed on the original model. This phenomenon is classically understood as a type of constructional apraxia that occurs during graphomotor copying tasks or gestural imitations. Its manifestation on neuropsychological tests is taken as a neurocognitive indicator of dementia, most often as an indicator of Alzheimer's disease. Although a highly specific sign for this dementia type, current literature suggests that it is certainly not pathognomonic for Alzheimer's dementia, but occurs in a wide range of neurocognitive disorders with or without dementia. Although the Serbian academic circles are familiar with this phenomenon, thus far it hasn't been sistematically explored. For this reason, in addition to discussing the significance of this phenomenon in clinical practice, in this paper we also summarize and critically analyze current knowledge regarding closing-in phenomenon. In this paper we discuss: (1) Historical development and conceptualization; (2) Neuroanatomical correlates of the phenomenon; (3) Compensation hypothesis; (4) Attraction hypothesis.
Leadership styles, organizational learning, and organizational competitiveness: Evidence from the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Krsteska Kristina , Arikan Cenk , Mitrevski Viktor , Smilevski Cvetko
Published: November 2023

This study, in the Republic of North Macedonia (NM), identifies the differences between the Leadership Styles (LS) in the given context of Organizational Learning (OL), Situational Leadership (SL), and Organizational Competitiveness (OC). In addition, the study identifies specific factors which make up these constructs. The research was conducted across several industries, organizational hierarchical levels, and various work experiences. A pre-test survey was conducted on a small scale of respondents (n=79) for Organizational learning questionnaire, while the final questionnaire was administered on a larger scale (n=273), both using the convenient sampling. Results prove that there are no statistically significant differences between LS in OC, nor in the OL, while statistically significant differences existed in SL. This study also explored the existing multiple factors in LS, OL, and OC. These findings shed light on possible future research which can integrate these results and dive into further exploratory studies that can dwell into more comprehensive understanding which in effect can increase managerial implications for companies and researchers alike.
The level of business ethics of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Visegrad Group
Authors: Metzkera Zdenko , Jr Belasb , Ondrejkac Roman , Dvorskyd Jan
Published: November 2023

The aim of the paper is to define and compare the significant attributes in the field of business ethics according to the size of the firm, gender and education of entrepreneurs in the SME segment in sum in the V4 countries. The empirical research, which was aimed at identifying the attitudes of small and medium-sized firms, was conducted in June 2022 in the Visegrad Four countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary). The data collection was carried out by the external firm. Statistical hypotheses were tested through descriptive statistics, chi-square and Z-score at a = 5% significance level. The attitudes of SMEs towards the following statements were examined: ST1: I consider ethics in business important; ST2: I consider the ethical implications of my decisions when managing my business; ST3: I feel good when I behave ethically in business; and ST4: Our company enforces rules of ethical conduct in business. We find that the level of agreement with these statements is high. We did not find statistically significant differences in responses based on defined demographic characteristics.
Disciplinary self-reflection in Serbian sociology: Findings of an in-depth interview
Authors: Vuković Ana
Published: November 2023

This paper is based on the data from the author's interviews with our sociologists of different generations and places of employment. In the qualitative research, the following questions, among others, were analyzed: 1. whether sociology is in crisis; 2. theoretical and methodological pluralism in sociology; 3. the sociologist's potential (sociological approach, sociologist's imagination) to investigate the problems of contemporary society. Based on the analysis of the answers, the following items were considered: 1. the social position of sociology as a scientific and research discipline; 2. the potential and applicability of sociological knowledge to the problems faced by the sociological profession itself. The author concludes that, according to our sociologists, sociology in Serbia cannot boast of any particular epistemological successes in the field of researching global structures and understanding the world-historical processes in which Serbian society finds itself, but that its potential for research is considerable and that, as a first step, it is necessary for sociology to return to the study of social structure, i.e., society in totality, as its main epistemological task.