bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a teaching media: Powtoon as a learning media for arithmetic
Authors: Kania Nia , Kusumah Yaya Sukjaya , Kyaruzi Florence M.
Published: November 2024

Mathematics is a fundamental science that characterizes the advancement of modern technology. Powtoons are used to explain mathematical concepts attractively, to students' conceptual understanding of mathematics. This study explores how media developed using the Powtoon application can enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This study used the research and development (R & D) method with the ADDIE model. Furthermore, data was obtained from 30 students in a Junior High school. The instruments used include a validation sheet of teaching materials,  teacher and student practicality assessment sheets, and tests of students' mathematical understanding abilities. The overall data obtained indicated that students' responses to Powtoon media are good. Based on observations, students like it, but there are a small number of students who feel stiff when learning with Powtoon media. Meanwhile, the teacher's response was high, and this indicated that the teacher felt very helped by the presence of Media Powtoon. In the limited trial phase, the results of teacher and student assessments generally gave practicality assessments, with an average being in the "practical" category. Meanwhile, in the field trial, the result showed that mathematical understanding ability was significantly better than the average pretest.
Keywords: ADDIE models; arithmetic material; learning technologies; mathematical understanding; Powtoon media.
Laporan Kasus: Infeksi Toxcocara spp. disertai Anemia Normositik Normokromik pada Kucing Domestik Jantan
Authors: Murti Ni Wayan Nur Sidi , Widyastuti Sri Kayati , Batan I Wayan
Published: November 2024

Toksokariasis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing dari genus Toxocara. Seekor kucing berumur ± 3 tahun berjenis kelamin jantan merupakan kucing rescue yang telah dipelihara selama tiga minggu oleh pemilik. Pemilik kucing datang dengan keluhan diare disertai muntah, rambut kusam, kucing kurus, lemah, tidak aktif, sering makan namun tidak terdapat perubahan berat badan selama tiga minggu dipelihara. Pemeriksaan feses dengan metode natif ditemukan telur cacing Toxocara cati. Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi rutin menunjukkan kucing kasus mengalami leukositosis, monositosis, granulositosis, anemia normositik normokrom, dan trombositopenia. Kucing kasus didiagnosis mengalami toksokariasis dengan ditemukannya telur cacing Toxocara cati dan cacing dewasa nematoda pada feses. Pengobatan pada kasus ini dengan pemberian antiparasit 1/4 tablet peroral yang mengandung fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate, dan pariquantel. Diberikan injeksi vitamin sebabayak 0,3 mL (disuntikkan sekali) yang mengandung adenosine triphosphate, magnesium aspartate, potassium aspartate, sodium selenite, vitamin B12, dan excipen. Lalu diberikan minyak ikan (satu kali sehari) selama tujuh hari serta perbaikan manajemen pakan dengan diberikan pakan kering kemasan dan pakan pendukung selama empat hari. Setelah pengobatan selama tujuh hari, kucing kasus mengalami perbaikan kondisi klinis yang signifikan, konsintensi feses membaik, serta tidak ditemukan telur cacing pada pemeriksaan natif feses dan cacing dewasa pada pemeriksaan makroskopis feses. Setelah satu bulan kucing menunjukkan kenaikan bobot badan. Pemeriksaan hematologi rutin ulang juga dilakukan dan menunjukkan hasil yang baik.
Analisis Pemahaman Mahasiswa Terhadap Penerapan Akad Wadiah di Bank Syariah Indonesia (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Perbankan Syariah Angkatan 2023 IAIN METRO)
Authors: Anjani baroroh  , Arlita ratna dewi
Published: November 2024

Understanding is the ability a person has to be able to understand or interpret something,for example in everyday life a person can provide an explanation of information obtained from various sources in detail using his own words according to existing concepts.Understanding of Islamic banking study program students class of 2023 about products and contracts in Islamic banks, especially on wadiah contracts. The data used are primary data and secondary data, this research is descriptive qualitative using interviews as primary data. The results we obtained from this study indicate that the level of understanding in Islamic banking study program students of class 2023 is included in the percentage of understanding about the wadiah contract.The results we obtained from this study show that the level of understanding in the 2023 class of Islamic banking study program students is included in the percentage of 85.42% so that it can be categorized as very good.
Dampak Simpanan dan Bonus Wadiah terhadap Net Imbalan pada Perbankan Syariah Indonesia (2018-2023)
Authors: Annisa Maulidya , Hestya Budianto Eka Wahyu
Published: November 2024

This research serves to determine and examine how Wadiah Current Account Deposits, Wadiah Savings Deposits, and Wadiah Bonuses impact Net Income (NI). In addition, this study also looks at how firm size serves as a moderating variable in the relationship between the independent variables (Wadiah Current Account Deposits, Wadiah Savings Deposits, and Wadiah Bonus) and the dependent variable (Net Rewards).This study uses a quantitative approach by using secondary data from the annual reports of the banks under study.The number of five sample companies registered with OJK from 2018 to 2023 is a purposive sample. This study evaluates the relationship between independent and dependent variables through the use of panel data regression analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The purpose of this study is to assess whether Wadiah Current Accounts, Wadiah Savings, and Wadiah Bonus affect Net Return (NI), and whether Company Size moderates the relationship between these independent variables.
Knowledge and experience in using 2D and 3D diagnostic imaging among dentists in Surabaya
Authors: Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Nurrachman Aga Satria , Savitri Yunita , Asymal Alhidayati , Mulyani Sri Wigati Mardi , Widjiastuti Ira , Luthfi Muhammad , Valensia Theodora , Hanun Hafshah Zhafirah Siri
Published: November 2024

Background: Radiography is essential in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning, with two-dimensional imaging such as panoramic and periapical radiographs being commonly used. The advancement to three-dimensional imaging, specifically Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), provides more detailed visualization but remains underutilized due to limited availability and knowledge among dentists in Indonesia. Purpose: This research is aimed to determine the knowledge and experience of using 2D and 3D diagnostic imaging among dentists in Surabaya. Methods: This research is using an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design consisting of 100 dentists who are domiciled in Surabaya and registered with PDGI in Surabaya. Results: The result showed that dentists’ knowledge of 2D diagnostic imaging with a good category has a percentage of 18%, quite good category with 49% and poor category with 33%. Meanwhile, the dentists’ knowledge of 3D diagnostic imaging with a good category has a percentage of 9%, quite good category with 36% and poor category with 55%. Around 88% of respondents have referred their patients for panoramic and periapical radiographs, while only about 22% of dentists have referred their patients for CBCT examinations. Conclusion: The knowledge of dentists regarding 2D diagnostic imaging is quite good, while the knowledge of dentists regarding 3D diagnostic imaging is low. The majority of dentists in Surabaya often refer their patients for panoramic and periapical radiographic examinations compared to referring them for CBCT examinations.
THE EFFECT OF NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) LEAVES EXTRACT ON BRUISES HEALING AMONG PERSAUDARAAN SETIA HATI TERATE MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Prasetiyo Muhammad , Rokhman Abdul
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Bruises are the most common injuries for martial arts athletes during training and competitions. If bruises are not treated immediately, they can cause infection and interrupt daily activities. Noni leaves are an alternative therapy containing flavonoids which play a role in anti-inflammation. This study aims to determine the effect of Noni leaf extract on bruise healing for martial arts athletes in Kedungadem District, Bojonegoro Regency. Methods: This research used a one-group pre-posttest pre-experimental design. The research sample was 32 martial arts athletes with bruises selected by Accidental sampling conducted in June - July 2023. The intervention was done by giving Noni (Morinda Citrifolia l.) leaves extract ointment for 1 week twice daily. The data were collected using an observation sheet and then tested using the McNemar test (α ≤ 0.05). Results: The results showed bruise healing in less than 7 days after Noni leaves extract therapy was given to all respondents. Noni leaf extract had an effect on bruise healing in martial arts athletes (p=0.001). Conclusions: Noni leaf ointment can significantly accelerate bruise healing without pharmacological therapy.
DIFFERENCES IN PATIENT SATISFACTION REGARDING NURSES’ THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION IN CLASS I, II, AND III IN PATIENT ROOMS AT RSUD SUBANG
Authors: Aulia Maya Rahma , Fauziyah Nuridha , Adiutama Novian Mahayu
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Therapeutic communication is one of the factors that contribute to patient satisfaction, which is a measure of the quality of the services provided by the health care provider. The objective of the investigation is to determine whether there is a disparity in patient satisfaction regarding the therapeutic communication of nurses among the nursing facilities of Classes I, II, and III at RSUD Subang. Methods: This quantitative investigation employs a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique employed is stratified sampling, with a total sample of 86 respondents involved in the sample collection. The research instrument uses a patient satisfaction questionnaire with 7 questions that require the nurses to fill in directly in the paper to assess the therapeutic communication of nurses. Results: Based on data collected by RSUD Subang's official Instagram page, @rsudsubang, the Community Satisfaction Index during the 2023 period was 83.8%. The bivariate analysis showed a p-value of 0.094, which is higher than 0.05. Subsequently, the statistical test of p > 0.05 (p-value 0.094) proves that there are no gaps in patient contentment among the hospital rooms of classes I, II, and III at RSUD Subang. Conclusions: The research is anticipated to generate data that can be employed as guidance and evaluation tools for hospitals, particularly in class I, II, and III nursing rooms, to enhance therapeutic communication in health services for patients in those classes.
On the Certain Salient Regularities of Strings of Assembly Theory
Authors: Bieniawski Wawrzyniec , Masierak Piotr , Tomski Andrzej , Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: November 2024

Using assembly theory of strings of any natural radix $b$ we find some of their salient regularities. In particular, we show that the upper bound of the assembly index depends quantitatively on the radix $b$ and the longest length $N$ of a string that has the assembly index of $N-k$ is given by $N_{(N-1)}=b^2+b+1$ and by $N_{(N-k)}=b^2+b+2k$ for $2 \le k \le 9$. We also provide particular forms of such strings. Knowing the latter bound, we conjecture that the maximum assembly index of a string of length $N_{(N-2)} \le N \le N_{\text{max}}$ is given by $a_{\text{max}}^{(N,b)} = \lfloor N/2 \rfloor + b(b+1)/2$, where $N_{\text{max}} = 4b^4$ if $b$ is even and $N_{\text{max}} = 4(b^4+1)$ otherwise. For $k=1$ such odd length strings are nearly balanced and there are four such different strings if $b=2$ and seventy-two if $b=3$. We also show that each $k$ copies of an $n$-plet contained in a string decrease its assembly index at least by $k(n-1) - a$, where $a$ is the assembly index of this $n$-plet. We show that the minimum assembly depth satisfies $d_{\text{min}}^{(N)} = \left\lceil \log_2(N) \right\rceil$, for all $b$, and is the assembly depth of a maximum assembly index string. We define the depth index of a string (OEIS \href{https://oeis.org/A014701}{A014701} sequence) and conjecture that if it is equal to the minimum assembly index of this string then its assembly depth equals the minimum assembly depth, and otherwise equals the minimum assembly index. Since these results are also valid for $b=1$, assembly theory subsumes information theory.
Person-to-Person Bacterial Transmission Can Change the Sleep Pattern in Newly Married Couples
Authors: Rastmanesh Reza , Marotta Francesco
Published: November 2024

The composition of the gut microbiota varies significantly among healthy individuals and insomniacs, hypersomniacs and healthy people. On the other hand, there is a substantial bacterial strain shared across these populations with distinct intra-population, mother-to-infant and intra-household transmission patterns. Based on these premises, we propose a hypothesis stating that person-to-person bacterial transmission can change the sleep pattern in couples. In this pilot study, 157 couples who had been married and living together for an average of 5.91 months were enrolled. A wide range of questionnaires were administered to participants to measure sleep patterns. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed at two time points: baseline and 3 months. We found that sleep disturbances in couples can be partially explained by changes in gut microbiota.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research of Ajuga reptans L. Herb Extracts
Authors: Maliuvanchuk Svitlana , Grytsyk Andriy , Popadynets Oksana , Kotyk Taras , Raal Ain , Koshovyi Oleh
Published: November 2024

The genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae family) comprises approximately 300 species. Species within this genus are widely used in traditional medicine and are known for their diaphoretic, antiseptic, hemostatic, and an-ti-inflammatory properties. However, they are scarcely used in official medicine. Therefore, the study of one of the most common species, Ajuga reptans L., holds promise for developing new medicinal products for clin-ical and pharmaceutical applications. In aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extracts of A. reptans herb, 8 organic acids, 16 amino acids, 20 phenolic compounds, 10 volatile substances, and 9 phytosterols were identified. The assay of the main groups of biologically active substances in the obtained extracts was determined. Experi-mental results demonstrated that A. reptans herb extracts are practically non-toxic, exhibit hepatoprotective activity in experimental carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis, moderate anti-inflammatory activity in car-rageenan-induced oedema models, and possess significant local hemostatic and wound-healing properties. The most significant reduction in bleeding was caused by applying the aqueous extract, reducing bleeding time by 40.6%. The aqueous-ethanolic A. reptans extract (50% ethanol) demonstrated complete wound healing after 9 days of its local administration. This extract also has the most pronounced hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. A. reptans extracts are capable of in-hibiting the growth of microorganisms and showing higher activity against gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts increases in direct correlation with the ethanol concen-tration as an extracting agent. A. reptans herb extracts are promising agents for implementation in official medicine as wound healing and hepatoprotective remedies.
Towards Context-Rich Automated Biodiversity Assessments: Deriving AI-Powered Insights from Camera Trap Data
Authors: Fergus Paul , Chalmers Carl , Matthews Naomi , Nixon Stuart , Burger André , Hartley Oliver , Sutherland Chris , Lambin Xavier , Longmore Steven , Wich Serge
Published: November 2024

Camera traps offer enormous new opportunities in ecological studies, but current automated image analysis methods often lack the contextual richness needed to support impactful conservation outcomes. Here we present an integrated approach that combines deep learning-based vision and language models to improve ecological reporting using data from camera traps. We introduce a two-stage system: YOLOv10-X to localise and classify species (mammals and birds) within images, and a Phi-3.5-vision-instruct model to read YOLOv10-X binding box labels to identify species, overcoming its limitation with hard to classify objects in images. Additionally, Phi-3.5 detects broader variables, such as vegetation type, and time of day, providing rich ecological and environmental context to YOLO’s species detection output. When combined, this output is processed by the model’s natural language system to answer complex queries, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is employed to enrich responses with external information, like species weight and IUCN status (information that cannot be obtained through direct visual analysis). Combined, this information is used to automatically generate structured reports, providing biodiversity stakeholders with deeper insights into, for example, species abundance, distribution, animal behaviour, and habitat selection. Our approach delivers contextually rich narratives that aid in wildlife management decisions. By providing contextually rich insights, our approach not only reduces manual effort but also supports timely decision-making in conservation, potentially shifting efforts from reactive to proactive management.
The Advancement and Applications of Prime Editing
Authors: Lu Yaoyao , Bouchard Camille , Soucy Nicolas , Siddika Ayesha , Lamothe Gabriel , Godbout Kelly , Tremblay Jacques P.
Published: November 2024

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an exceptionally potent genome-editing technique developed in 2012, is the ideal tool of the future for treating diseases by permanently correcting deleterious base mutations or disrupting disease-causing genes with great precision and efficiency. However, it is prone to cleaving double-stranded DNA in off-target genes and generating random mutations in the process. These drawbacks restrict its application in fundamental research and agriculture, and raises safety concerns in the field of medicine. Fortunately, the new gene editing technology derived from CRISPR/Cas9, known as prime editing, has the potential to provide targeted sequence insertion, deletion, and transversion, all while avoiding the formation of double-strand breaks, thus minimizing adverse effects. Meanwhile, the rapid development of this technology makes its application wider and broader. This review summarizes the current developments and optimizations of the prime editing (PE) system with improved editing efficiency and precision. Along with discussing the most recent delivery techniques and outlining the PE applications that are being used both in vitro and in vivo.
Integrating Remote Sensing and Community Perceptions for Sustainable Climate Adaptation Strategies in Mountain Ecosystems
Authors: Pokhrel Ankita , Fang Ping , Bastola Gaurav
Published: November 2024

Mountain ecosystems, including Nepal’s Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), are particularly vulnerable to climate change, affecting biodiversity, water resources, and community livelihoods. This study integrates remote sensing data, meteorological records, and local community insights over 35 years (1988–2023) to assess land use and land cover (LULC) changes and climate resilience strategies. Analysis of vegetation health (NDVI) and snow cover (NDSI) alongside community perceptions reveals a 13% increase in vegetation, reduced barren land, and notable adaptation practices, including water conservation and climate-adjusted agriculture. Findings highlight the importance of blending scientific data with local knowledge to drive sustainable resource management policies, contributing to SDGs 6 and 13. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for adaptive water management, resilient agricultural practices, and participatory conservation to support sustainable development in vulnerable mountain ecosystems.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Earlier Diagnosis and Personalized Management in Neuro-Ophthalmic and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Waisberg Ethan , Ong Joshua , Paladugu Phani , Amiri Dylan , Saintyl Jeremy , Yelamanchi Jahnavi , Nahouraii Robert , Jagadeesan Ram , Tavakkoli Alireza
Published: November 2024

Advancements in neuroimaging, particularly diffusion MRI techniques and molecular imaging via PET, have significantly improved our ability to detect early biomarkers of both neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease. Despite these breakthroughs, the integration of AI-driven models has become crucial in harnessing the full potential of these technologies for clinical decision-making. This paper explores the role of advanced diffusion MRI techniques—specifically Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)—in revealing microstructural changes in brain and visual pathway tissues that precede clinical symptoms. These techniques, when paired with AI algorithms, enhance diagnostic precision, enabling the detection of early-stage degeneration and inflammatory processes with unprecedented accuracy. Additionally, the emergence of next-generation PET tracers targeting misfolded proteins, such as tau and alpha-synuclein, and inflammatory markers, further augments our ability to visualize and quantify pathological processes in vivo. The integration of AI, particularly deep learning models like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multimodal transformers, has demonstrated remarkable success in improving diagnostic accuracy, combining data from multiple imaging modalities, and providing predictive insights into disease progression. This review also examines the challenges associated with integrating AI into clinical practice, including technical variability, data privacy concerns, and regulatory hurdles. While these technologies promise to revolutionize early diagnosis and personalized treatment approaches, significant efforts in model validation, standardization, and clinical implementation remain crucial. The ongoing development of AI-enhanced neuroimaging holds great potential for advancing the precision of diagnosis and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in both neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Leaf-Litter Saprobes and Their Host Preference
Authors: Samaradiwakara Nethmini P. , Farias Antonio Roberto Gomes de , Aluthmuhandiram Janith V.S. , Bhunjun Chitrabhanu S. , Monkai Jutamart , Lumyong Saisamorn
Published: November 2024

Saprotrophism is a life mode exhibited by microfungi. Saprobes are cosmopolitan and occur in various habitats and ecological niches dwelling on diverse substrates and this contributes to the high numbers of fungi. Being abundant in litter, soil and decaying matter, they play crucial roles specifically towards mediating carbon and nutrient fluxes. Saprobic fungi in forest ecosystems may be host-specific or have host preferences and revealing this phenomenon will provide insights towards predicting global fungal numbers. In recent years, elucidation of saprobic fungi has been revolutionized through advances in molecular phylogenetics and the availability of genomic data, particularly in the Asean region. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomic approaches have revealed that the mycota are more diverse than previously established in samples in tropical forest ecosystems. This review discusses the role of fungi as saprobes, their host-specificity and host preference, their importance in litter decomposition and nutrient recycling, and their global dispersal. Approaches to establish fungal prevalence in the current genomic era are also discussed.
The Association of Pre-conceptional Hyperandrogenism with Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multi-institutional Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Yi-Ting , Chen Ming-Jer , Lin Wei-Szu , Lin Ching-Heng , Chang Jui-Chun
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for pregnancy complications. The PCOS population is heterogeneous, with different phenotypes linked to varying risks of adverse outcomes. However, literature on pre-conceptional hyperandrogenism is limited and based on small sample sizes. Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective cohort study included pregnant patients diagnosed with PCOS with or without pre-conceptional hyperandrogenism. Utilizing the TriNetX platform, one-to-one propensity score matching was conducted to adjust for factors such as age at pregnancy, race, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes and hypertension), and body mass index. Exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancies and patients who received assisted reproductive technology, oral contraceptives, or spironolactone. 571 patients with PCOS and pre-conceptional hyperandrogenism and 13,465 patients with PCOS without hyperandrogenism were identified. Post-propensity matching, each cohort consisted of 564 patients. Results: Pregnant women diagnosed with PCOS and pre-conceptional hyperandrogenism showed a higher risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to those diagnosed with PCOS but without hyperandrogenism. There was a higher incidence of large for gestational age (6.6% vs. 3.9%, OR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.007-2.972], p-value = 0.045) and preterm birth (10.3% vs. 5.9%, OR = 1.844, 95% CI [1.183-2.876], p-value = 0.006), but had no significant increase in the risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational diabetes, missed abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, placenta abruption, or cesarean section. Conclusions: Women with PCOS and pre-conceptional hyperandrogenism face a greater risk of pregnancy complications. Further studies are needed to clarify the results and mechanisms and determine whether treatment improves outcomes.
Self-Inflicted Laser Retinopathy with Tattoo Removal Device
Authors: Sies Jared R , Silva Frances M , Foutch Brian Keith
Published: November 2024

It is imperative that primary care physicians as well as all eye care providers become more aware of laser-induced ocular injuries, as laser devices are progressively more accessible to the general population. Self-inflicted laser exposures as seen in the present clinical case can be particularly challenging, as they can present with an occult history and are often under-reported. Laser-induced ocular injuries may result in macular holes, retinal hemorrhages, and choroidal neovascularization with associated reduced visual acuity and other variable sequelae. However, clinical findings are often subtle and make the diagnosis challenging. Extensive history with tailored clinical evaluation promotes more sensitive and specific diagnosis and management of such cases. This clinical case highlights the importance of continuous patient dialogue, dilated fundus examination, and advanced retinal imaging as the clinician determines the etiology for functional visual disturbances despite relatively normal vision.
Correlation between Toe Spread and Toe Hold Pressure: Influence of Flip-Flop Strap Design
Authors: Rao Shreya , Edwards William , Cochran Julian
Published: November 2024

Background: Every year 9 million diabetics develop foot ulcers (DFU) and 1 million of these will result in an amputation every year resulting in a significant disability burden. Footwear design has been implicated as a major cause of these ulcers resulting in international guidelines recommending specialized protective footwear for diabetics. Unfortunately, in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where 80% of diabetics reside, sandals or flip-flops are primary footwear as they are affordable. Studies on flip-flops have focused on plantar pressure and ulcers even though evidence supports that 50% of ulcers are caused by straps on the dorsum of the foot particularly at the toehold. Strap redesign, as evidenced by rolled inner seam (RIS) vs standard straight edge straps, has been shown to reduce pressure on the dorsum of the foot.Objective: This study aims to understand the relationship between toe spread and toehold pressure as toe spread is a modifiable factor in flip-flops by adjusting the thickness of toe posts in the strap. Further, it aims to validate findings from a smaller sample size prior study that RIS design resulted in lesser pressure at the toehold when compared to standard straight edge design.Methods: This cross-over study recruited sixteen patients with 64 measures recorded for toehold pressure during a 5-step walking trial. Toes spread was measured by uploading still images to a convolutional neural network keypoint implementation algorithm which marked the midpoints of the great and second toes and measured the distance between them. Pearson correlation and linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between toe spread and toe hold pressure across and within each flip-flop design. Additionally, a t-test was conducted to compare toehold pressures between the two designs to validate prior study findings.Results: Overall, there was a very weak correlation (r=-0.322) between toe spread and toehold pressure. Regression analysis showed toe spread accounted for a modest variance (R² = 0.104) in toehold pressure overall, with straight edge design showing a slightly stronger association (R² = 0.121) compared to RIS design (R² = 0.022). The t-test validated prior study findings of a statistically significant difference in toehold pressure between RIS and standard straight edge designs, with RIS resulting in lower pressures at the toehold.Conclusion: Toe spread has minimal impact on toehold pressure. RIS strap design results in lower toehold pressure compared to straight edge strap design.
Feeding Insect Larvae Meal Modify the Weight and Some Quality Parameters of Table Eggs
Authors: Csiszér Tivadar , Baranyay Henrik , Such Nikoletta , Weinlaender Fabian , Grieder-Kern Julian , Tewelde Kesete Goitom , Pál László , Kiss Brigitta , Wágner László , Dublecz Károly
Published: November 2024

A feeding trial was carried out with Tetra SL laying hens for 6 weeks in order to evaluate the effects of and insect larvae meal on the production traits and egg quality parameters. A product, developed for human nutrition (AdalbaPro) was used, containing Alphitobius diaperinus larvae meal (ADM). ADM was incorporated at 10 (ADM10) and 15% (ADM15) on the expense of soybean meal. The control (C) and ADM containing diets were fed with 16 replicate hens kept in individual cages. The production traits and egg quality parameters, including also the electronic nose technique were evaluated. Among the production traits (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, egg production percentage, egg weight) only egg weight was affected by the dietary treatments. Both ADM diets decreased the egg weight in comparison with the control. Beside egg weight, none of the other egg quality parameters were affected. ADM failed to modify the fat content of egg yolk but resulted significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the yolk fat. Feeding ADM increased the lauric, stearic and linoleic acid and decreased the oleic and α-linolenic acid concentrations of the yolk. The results of the electronic nose proved, that ADM resulted specific volatile compound structure, that can be used for the identification of the insect meal eggs. Among the identified compounds ADM reduced the intensity of dimethyl sulphide, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde in comparison with the control eggs. The tasting and organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs by the volunteers resulted higher quality scores and acceptance of the ADM eggs. From the results it can be concluded that insect meal can be used efficiently even at high incorporation rates in layer diets. The reason of the egg weight reduction needs further investigation.
Connective-Related Symptoms and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: An Exploratory Case-Control Comparative Study in Children
Authors: Zoccante Leonardo , Di Gennaro Gianfranco , Rigotti Erika , Ciceri Marco Luigi , Sbarbati Andrea , Zaffanello Marco
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) with overlapping symptoms suggesting a partially shared genetic factor. This study investigates the prevalence of connective tissue-related conditions in individuals with ASD, ADHD, or TS. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to families of 120 individuals with ASD, ADHD, or TS, collecting sociodemographic data and examining 10 types of disorders affecting various organs and systems. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 16.0, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Among the 120 cases, 48 had ASD, 36 had ADHD, and 36 had TS. Flat feet were significantly more common in individuals with ASD (52.1%; OR 7.20; p<0.001), ADHD (52.8%; OR 6.73; p=0.001), and TS (38.9%; OR 3.70; p=0.034) compared to controls (13.6%). Hypersensitivity was more frequent in individuals with ASD (56.3%; OR 5.90; p=0.001), ADHD (50.0%; OR 4.11; p=0.011), and TS (58.3%; OR 5.35; p=0.003) compared to controls (18.2%). Myopia and ptosis were more common in ADHD (30.6%). There was a possible trend towards orthodontic device use in TS (OR 3.20; p=0.076). Flat feet and hypersensitivity were also common in fathers (31.0% and 36.4%, respectively), mothers (31.0% and 15.2%), and patients (43.8% and 55%). Conclusions: These results suggest common aetiopathogenetic factors, with connective tissue anomalies potentially underlying different clinical phenotypes. Further studies are warranted.
There Was No New Needle in the COVID Therapeutic Haystack A COVID-19 Therapeutics Analysis
Authors: Martin Robert
Published: November 2024

Though there were almost 5,000 FDA-tracked trials, no FDA or EU approved COVID-19 drug was discovered during the pandemic! Fortunately, those discovered before the pandemic proved very effective if they were used early in vaccinated patients. The most powerful drugs were antivirals whose targets were the spike structural protein and two nonstructural proteins, nsp5 (Mpro) and nsp12 (RdRp). Two papers published before the pandemic was declared and one published just after it was declared identified these three targets. Monoclonal antibodies have been used since 1986. New monoclonal antibodies blocked the spike protein from attaching to the cell; however, all were disabled by variants. Drugs that had been used for MERS, Ebola, RSV and other diseases interfered with Mpro’s and RdRp’s viral replication actions. Used since 1900, convalescent plasma, had mixed success. Three rheumatoid arthritis drugs and a glucocorticoid, which is also used to treat arthritis, are the only approved drugs to treat hyperinflammation. No new approaches for blood clots or oxygenation were developed. Even with the wartime like focus, and intensity, still no respiratory illness has been cured. Using a personal data base of 3,050 therapeutics papers, the FDA Clinical Tracker, and Google Scholar, this review will discuss approved, promising and ineffectual therapeutics.
Low-Complexity Model Predictive Control for Series-Winding PMSM with Extended Voltage Vectors
Authors: Hu Jinde , Fu Zhaoyang , Xu Rongwei , Jin Tian , Feng Jenny , Wang Sheng
Published: November 2024

A low-complexity model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy based on extended voltage vectors is proposed to improve computational efficiency and steady-state performance for three-phase series-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors (TPSW-PMSM). This method delivers excellent steady-state performance while substantially reducing the computational burden compared to conventional MPCC. First, a simplified sector selection method is employed to preselect the sector in which the reference voltage vector resides. Next, the reference voltage vector is used to filter out redundant candidate voltage vectors, thereby reducing computation and ensuring real-time control capabilities. Basic active voltage vectors are segmented and recombined according to their magnitudes, without complex duty cycle calculations to further streamline processing. To mitigate the impact of zero-sequence current, zero-sequence current suppression is employed for effective compensation within the control system. This strategy’s combination of reduced computational complexity, reliable steady-state performance, and real-time control establishes it as an efficient solution for TPSW-PMSM systems. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Prostate Cancer-Induced Remodeling of the Topologies and Interplay of the TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) and Chemokine Signaling Pathways
Authors: Iacobas Dumitru , Zhang Dekai
Published: November 2024

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is part of the innate immune program that might destroy the cancer cells within a tissue if properly activated and the malignant cells’ defense system is inhibited. Activation of the TLR pathway induces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules, impacting initiation, advancement, and control of cancers by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Publicly accessible transcriptomic profiles of three cancer nodules and the surrounding normal tissue isolated from a surgically removed prostate tumor were used to determine the cancer-induced alterations of the TLR and chemokine (CHS) signaling pathways, and their interplay. Our analysis revealed that the deep cancer-related topology remodeling is different not only between patients but even between equally graded cancer nodules within the same tumor. We found also that cancer reorganized the transcriptomic networks interconnecting the two pathways via their shared genes, inducing novel expression coordination while removing others. The reorganization was different among the cancer nodules, indicating distinct changes in the molecular mechanisms of the immune response and the need to personalize the anti-cancer treatment beyond the patient him/herself to the main cancer nodules in the tumor.
Unpacking the Multifaceted Benefits of Indigenous Crops for Food Security: A Review of Nutritional, Economic and Environmental Impacts in Southern Africa
Authors: Mgwenya Lethu Inneth , Agholor Isaac Azikiwe , Ludidi Ndomelele Ndiko , Morepje Mishal Trevor , Sithole Moses Zakhele , Msweli Nomzamo Sharon , Thabane Variety Nkateko
Published: November 2024

Indigenous and traditional food crops (ITFCs) are essential to initiatives aimed at increasing food and nutrition security and diversifying the food supply. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the benefits associated with ITFCs particularly on food security. The Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), Colocasia esculenta (Taro), and Sinapis arvensis (Wild mustard) are examples of indigenous crops that were introduced for food security in Southern Af-rica. This review assessed the advantages of indigenous crops for food security and examined lit-erature, reports, and case studies from 2009 to 2024 using academic databases like Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and AGRIS to assess how indigenous crops impact on food security and benefits thereof. The primary inclusion criteria were nutritional, economic and environmental impacts of the indigenous crops for food security in Southern Africa. The review concludes that maximizing these benefits requires removing obstacles through capacity-building and policy reforms. The need to integrate precision agriculture to increase production of indigenous crops should be considered and the coherent use of food crops associated with food security must be developed by government. A comprehensive strategy centered on investments in sustainable farming, climate smart agriculture is recommended to ensure food security.
3D Reconstruction of the Inner Mechanics of the Second "Iron Hand" of Franconian Imperial Knight Götz von Berlichingen
Authors: Schneider Kim-Anny , Hazubski Simon , Otte Andreas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The subject of this work is the reconstruction of the inner mechanics of Götz von Berlichingen's second "Iron Hand". The complex inner mechanics were unknown until Christian von Mechel published a detailed description in 1815. In this artificial hand, each finger can be engaged individually in its three joints and the thumb in one joint. Methods: Based on this description, the individual components were reconstructed at an enlarged scale of 2:1 using CAD software and a 3D printer for the mechanisms. In addition, an FEM analysis was carried out for the components exposed to the greatest stress in order to identify critical areas. Results: By making some adjustments to the mechanics, it was possible to reproduce the mechanisms on a scale of 2:1 on the basis of the index finger. However, if the model was scaled back to 1:1, the internal plastic components were too fragile. This problem was caused by the properties of the 3D printing materials and could be solved by manufacturing the springs from steel. Conclusions: This work aims to make a valuable contribution to the preservation and understanding of the historical artificial second "Iron Hand" of Götz von Berlichingen. It once again demonstrates the very precise and detailed craftsmanship of goldsmiths of that time.
InCrowd-VI: A Realistic Visual-Inertial Dataset for Evaluating SLAM in Indoor Pedestrian-Rich Spaces for Human Navigation
Authors: Bamdad Marziyeh , Hutter Hans-Peter , Darvishy Alireza
Published: November 2024

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques can be used to navigate the visually impaired, but the development of robust SLAM solutions for crowded spaces is limited by the lack of realistic datasets. To address this, we introduce InCrowd-VI, a novel visual-inertial dataset specifically designed for human navigation in indoor pedestrian-rich environments. Recorded using Meta Aria Project glasses, it captures realistic scenarios without environmental control. InCrowd-VI features 58 sequences totaling a 5 km trajectory length and 1.5 hours of recording time, including RGB, stereo images, and IMU measurements. The dataset captures important challenges such as pedestrian occlusions, varying crowd densities, complex layouts, and lighting changes. Ground-truth trajectories, accurate to approximately 2 cm, are provided in the dataset, originating from the Meta Aria project machine perception SLAM service. In addition, a semi-dense 3D point cloud of scenes is provided for each sequence. The evaluation of state-of-the-art visual odometry (VO) and SLAM algorithms on InCrowd-VI revealed severe performance limitations in these realistic scenarios, demonstrating the need and value of the new dataset to advance SLAM research for visually impaired navigation in complex indoor environments.
A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Single Open-Circuit Fault in a Packed E-Cell Inverter
Authors: Masri Bushra , Sheikh Hiba Al , Karami Nabil , Kanaan Hadi Y. , Moubayed Nazih
Published: November 2024

Recently, fault detection has proven its crucial role in guaranteeing the safety and dependability of inverter functioning. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches for fault detection of single Open Circuit (OC) switch fault in a Packed E-Cell (PEC) inverter. Two optimum strategies have been considered Random Forest Decision Tree (RFDT) and Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN). Initially, Discrete Wavelet Analysis (DWA) is employed for the investigation of the output voltage, using the first level of detailed coefficients. After that, three statistical features are extracted from this analysis to serve as input to the classifier during learning. The output of the classifier, which is referred to the fault class, is then trained according to each strategy process. Finally, a comparison with deep analysis based on selected criteria is illustrated and the results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink confirm the comprehensive review of the evaluated strategies.
miRNA-29a: A Shared Regulator in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad
Published: November 2024

The interconnection between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) reveals shared molecular and physiological pathways, with microRNA-29a (miRNA-29a) emerging as a potential regulator. miRNA-29a influences inflammation, epithelial barrier integrity, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modulation, impacting both conditions. In IBS, miRNA-29a disrupts tight junction proteins, exacerbates intestinal permeability, and heightens visceral hypersensitivity by modulating inflammatory pathways such as the NLRP3 inflammasome. In MASLD, miRNA-29a regulates lipid metabolism, mitigates mitochondrial stress, and curbs fibrotic progression through pathways involving GSK3β, SIRT1, and DNMT3b. Additionally, miRNA-29a preserves gut barrier function and combats dysbiosis, linking gut and liver pathology. The shared mechanisms underscore miRNA-29a’s role in amplifying systemic inflammation, driving IBS and MASLD progression. Understanding this interplay opens avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions to address these interconnected disorders.
Romanian Fake News Detection using Machine Learning and Transformer-Based Approaches
Authors: Moisi Elisa Valentina , Mihalca Bogdan Cornel , Coman Simina Maria , Pater Alexandrina Mirela , Popescu Daniela Elena
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the consequence of quick access to information has lead to the spread of fake news, which has a strong damaging impact on democracy, justice, and public trust. Thus, it is crucial to analyze and evaluate detection methods of fake news. This paper focuses on the detection of Romanian fake news. In this study, we made a comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms and transformer-based models on Romanian fake news detection using three datasets – FakeRom, New, and both FakeRom + New. The NEW dataset was build using a scrapping algorithm applied on the Veridica platform. Our approach uses for detection machine learning models: Native Bayes (NB,) Logistic regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We also used two transformer based models – BERT based multilingual based and RoBERTaLarge. The performance of the models was evaluated using various metrics: accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results revealed that BERT model trained on NEW dataset consistently achieved the highest performance metrics across all test sets. Also, Support Vector Machine trained on NEW was another top performer, reaching a very good accuracy on the combined test set.