bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Proceso de Enfermería: Horizonte Vocacional para el Cuidado
Authors: Rengifo de Vargas Yuli Toribia
Published: August 2021

La vocación es la inspiración o sentimiento, que contempla una serie de cualidades que caracteriza a cada persona y orienta hacia una conducta o forma de vida, especialmente en su profesión. El cuidado es una función desempeñada por la enfermera, es su esencia, enfocada en apoyar el tratamiento a los pacientes a su cargo. En enfermería los profesionales que acceden a formarse como tal deben contar con esta virtud. El presente ensayo pretende en su objetivo general reflexionar acerca del proceso de enfermería: horizonte vocacional para el cuidado. En este ensayo, se hace una disertación sobre el desarrollo de la Enfermería, enmarcado en la vocación como herramienta fundamental para la aplicación del cuidado proporcionado por la enfermera, dejando a su vez una sensación de satisfacción en la relación terapéutica paciente-enfermera. Guiado por la Teoría del cuidado Humano de Watson (2008), como sustento teórico. Generando a su vez, efectos positivos, en la salud del paciente que el Proceso de Enfermería otorga, siendo este un método científico para la aplicación del cuidado a la persona, siendo la vocación casi un requisito para ser profesional enfermería, proporcionar cuidados es una tarea difícil que requiere ser realizada con amor y calidad, cuya finalidad es satisfacer las necesidades del paciente enfocados en la vocación visualizado como un horizonte para el cuidado.
Gestión de información: eslabón imprescindible para la efectiva comunicación en el comercio exterior
Authors: Méndez Carpio César Raúl , Rodríguez Cruz Yunier , Saladrigas Medina Hilda María
Published: August 2021

Las empresas de diferente nicho de mercado, desarrollan la prestación de servicios y/o productos con miras a la internacionalización a través del comercio exterior, varias modelan sistemas de gestión por procesos considerando prácticas de eficacia y eficiencia propendiendo la seguridad de la carga como son las normas Basic Alliance for Secure Commerce (BASC). Este estudio, pretende analizar la integración de características y preceptos teóricos del manejo de información para una efectiva comunicación en las empresas de comercio exterior que aplican estas normas, y proponer su innovación normativa. Se desarrolló una metodología de enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo apoyado en la revisión bibliográfica y se obtuvo como principal resultado que, en las organizaciones, se tratan de manera aislada a la gestión de información y la comunicación, por lo que se consiguen estudios parciales y al no estar integrados todos los elementos informacionales, la comunicación no es efectiva; lo que presume, la materialización de riesgos y el cometimiento de actividades ilícitas por parte de personas o grupos inescrupulosos externos al negocio, problema que puede ser mitigado con la actualización normativa en los datos de entrada y elementos de la salida de la revisión por parte de la dirección empresarial.
Testing Alternative Surface Disinfection Agents for Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Authors: Winn Adrienne A , Prestia Kevin A , Peneyra Samantha M
Published: August 2021

Pathogen transmission into zebrafish colonies is controlled through vigilant biosecurity practices. One such practice is embryo surface disinfection, which often uses sodium hypochlorite. However, if sodium hypochlorite is used at an inappropriate pH, concentration, or exposure time,
zebrafish embryos can experience significant mortality and morbidity. Reagent-grade sodium hypochlorite is often used for embryo surface disinfection because commercial-grade sodium hypochlorite has additional ingredients that may have deleterious effects on the embryo. In addition, chlorine
dioxide and the combination of sodium chloride and potassium peroxymonosulfate (SCPP) are effective equipment disinfectants; however, the effects of these chemical agents on zebrafish embryos during surface disinfection are unknown. In this study, we exposed strain 5D zebrafish embryos (ages,
6 and 24 h postfertilization) to 4 chlorine-containing agents (reagent-grade sodium hypochlorite [bleach], commercial-grade sodium hypochlorite [bleach], SCPP, and chlorine dioxide) at either 50- or 100- ppm for 5 or 10 min. All groups were evaluated at 5 d postfertilization for survival,
hatching rate, and morphologic defect rate. The experimental group with the highest survival and hatching rates and the lowest morphologic defect rate was the 24-h postfertilization embryos exposed to 50 ppm SCPP for 5 min. The survival, hatching rate, and defect rate did not differ significantly
among age-matched controls; however, the hatching rate after exposure to 50 ppm SCPP was significantly higher than that of embryos exposed to 50 ppm reagent-grade sodium hypochlorite for 5 min (100% compared with 23% respectively). SCPP solution may provide an alternative surface disinfectant
for zebrafish embryos because it maximizes survival and hatching rates and minimizes morphologic defect rates. However, in vivo efficacy against common zebrafish pathogens requires further testing. Use of chlorine dioxide at 50 ppm or greater is not recommended for zebrafish embryo surface
disinfection due to significant mortality among 6 and 24 h postfertilization embryos.
An Assessment of Drilling and Blasting Techniques at Granite Quarry of AFDIN Construction Company Limited, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala Adamu
Published: August 2021

This research work assessed the Drilling and Blasting Techniques at the Granite Quarry of AFDIN Construction Company Limited, Katsina State, Nigeria. The objectives were to identify drilling and blasting equipment, find out the drilling pattern and parameters, assess blasting method and its compliance with safety practices in and around the blast site and review the impact of the blasting operations on the surrounding environment. As an introduction, the concept of drilling and blasting activities and how they affect immediate environment were explained. The study assessed quarry activities using field visit and interviews. Equipment identified at the quarry were Wagon drill, Jack hammer, Compressors, Rock breaker, Excavators and tippers, etc. Also, Atlas Copco YT27 Jack Hammer was the main tool for hole drilling with either Square or Rectangular drilling pattern being adopted and Drilling dimensions of 4x5ft or 4x4ft (spacing and burden) were frequently used at the Quarry. Hole depths used were 6ft, 8ft, 10ft, and 12ft and drilling bit of 1-inch or 2-inch. Furthermore, the study identified that, 2,088.95 kg of explosives (10% High Explosive and 90% Low Explosive) was used to charge 2000 drilled holes with an average hole depth of 3.65metres and diameter of 32mm. A total of 7,394 tonnes of granite rock was blasted. Result from immediate blasting at the quarry indicated presence of dust and fumes within the quarry environment and nearby villages, inhalation of which could lead to serious occupational hazards. Conclusively, the explosion sound from blasting and fly-rock fragments have some serious environmental and health effects to both workers and neighbouring communities in terms of noise pollution and vibration to structures. Wetting the environment and crushing process was recommended to minimise dust generation to barest minimum to protect workers from occupational diseases such as silicosis and Pneumoconiosis, also wearing of personal protective equipment, electric blasting method, corporate social responsibilities to the communities were recommended.
Modified Electromagnetic Actuator for Active Suspension System
Authors: V R Prajwal , B N Chandrashekar Murthy , S D Yashwanth
Published: August 2021

Active suspension is a type of suspension systems which can vary its damping value in order to adjust the spring firmness in accordance with the road conditions. Real Active Suspension incorporates an external actuator which helps in raising or lowering of vehicle chassis independently at each wheel. Generally, the actuators that are used for active suspension are Hydropneumatic, Electro-hydraulic or Electromagnetic actuators. A new concept of two-way electromagnetic actuation with the help of magnetic damping is proposed in this paper, which can extend its arm on both sides to facilitate active suspension mechanism in both humps and potholes. This increases the ride quality while maneuvering not only in humps, but also in dumps. It also describes about the comparison of spring materials, sophisticated design, construction and working principle of newly proposed actuator. Catia V5 software has been used to design and simulate the actuator model, different spring materials are analyzed and their shear stress and deflections are compared.
Building Information Modelling (BIM): Benefits for Small Scale Construction Industry
Authors: Abdulghani Ghaith R. , Gullu Ahmed
Published: August 2021

While time passes and life changes, the development of technology is taking place in every part of our life quickly, also it affects daily life. it creates new tools, procedures, and methods for all sectors, and simplifies many operations. Nowadays, design tools that depend on computers have been used in the construction industry, it has a direct effect on the whole project life, and it has made a revolution in the construction sector. Building information modeling (BIM) simply refers to the development of a building model generated by using the computer, that model is rich of data, object-oriented, smart and also a parametric digital representation of the building.

This paper discusses the advantages of implementation of BIM technology for the small scale construction industry, it will mainly focus on quantity takeoff and accuracy of projects, firstly it presents the definition and the main concept of BIM. Then, a case study of a 3-storey building project in Baghdad is done to evaluate the effect of BIM quantity takeoff, tendering, and other effects on the project. At the end, results and challenges will be discussed.
“MOLLA NƏSRƏDDİN” JURNALI VƏ TÜRKİYƏ SATİRİK MƏTBUATINDA İŞLƏNƏN FOLKLOR ÖRNƏKLƏRİ (MASALLAR –NAĞILLAR)
Authors: BABAYEVA Gulbeniz
Published: August 2021

Məqalədə Azərbaycan satirik mətbuatının öncülü olan “Molla Nəsrəddin “ jurnalında və Türkiyə satirik mətbuatında işlənən folklor örnəklərindən bəhs olunur. Hər bir xalqın folkloru onun qəhrəmanlıq salnaməsini, milli – mənəvi dəyərlərini ,həyat və məişətini, psixologiyasını,düşüncə tərzini və etnoqrafiyasını özündə əks etdirir.Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatın-da şifahi xalq ədəbiyyatı, folklor,el ədəbiyyatı,ağız ədəbiyyatı kimi terminlərlə ifadə olunan bu zəngin söz xəzinəsi Türkiyədə “ağız ədəbiyyatı “, “sözlü ədəbiyyat”, “folklor”, “anonim ədəbiyyat”, “xalq ədəbiyyatı”, “halkbilgisi”, “halkiyat”, “halkbilim” və başqa istilahlarla ad-landırılır.Azərbaycan folkloru ilə tam uyarlıq yaradan Türk folkloru Şərq aləmində öz zənginliyi və çoxşaxəliliyi ilə diqqəti cəlb edir.Türkdilli xalqlar üçün ortaq olan, lirik, epik və dramatik növdə qruplaşdırılan manilər,türkülər, bilməcələr, ninnilər, alkışlar, karğışlar, ata sözləri, deyimlər, təkərləmələr, əfsanələr, halk hekayələri, dastanlar, xalq teatrları və s. Türkiyə ağız ədəbiyyatının da aparıcı janrları kimi status qazanmışdır. Şərq xalqlarının folklorunda geniş yer tutan masallar yazılı ədəbiyyata da ciddi təsir gös-tərmiş,Türkiyə satirik mətbuatı və ədəbiyyatının görkəmli nümayəndələri İ.Şinasi, H.Rehmi, A.Nesin, Ö. Seyfeddin və başqaları öz yaradıcılıqlarında masallardan geniş istifadə etmişlər. Azərbaycan satirik mətbuatının zirvəsində dayanan, Cəlil Məmmədquluzadənin redaktor-luğu ilə nəşr edilən “Molla Nəsrəddin” jurnalı (1906-1931) 25 illik fəaliyyəti dövründə masallardan (nağıllardan) yaradıcılıqla bəhrələnmiş, dövrün ictimai-siyasi, sosial, ədəbi-mədəni problemləri nağıl-təhkiyə üslubunda oxuculara çatdırılmışdır.
EFFECT OF THE COMPLEX OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA BACILLUS WITH SALICYLIC AND JASMONIC ACIDS ON THE STATE OF THE PRO- / ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF PLANTS AND THE RESISTANCE OF POTATOES WHEN INFECTED WITH LATE BLIGHT UNDER STRESS
Authors:   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Yarullina L.G. , Cherepanova E.A. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Tsvetkov V.O. ,   Bashkir State University, Ufa, Burkhanova G.F. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Sorokan A.V. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Zaikina E.A. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Kalatskaya J.N. ,   Institute of Experimental Botany named after V. F. Kuprevich NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Balyuk N.V. ,   Institute of Experimental Botany named after V. F. Kuprevich NAS of Belarus, Minsk
Published: August 2021

There was researched the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria in combination with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids on the state of the pro / antioxidant system (hydrogen peroxide content, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity) in connection with the development of potato resistance to late blight pathogen - oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary under moisture deficit conditions. Plants grown from microtubers of the Rannyaya Rosa cultivar were sprayed with a suspension of B. subtilis (108 cells / ml) and a mixture of bacteria with SA (10-6 M), JA (10-7 M), SA + JA (1:1). 3 days after treatment, the plants were infected with P. infestans (105 spores / ml) and cultivated under artificial soil drought conditions by reducing irrigation. When soil moisture reached 40±5% (7 days after infection), biochemical parameters were assessed in plants. A decrease in the degree of leaves damage by P. infestans was revealed when treated with B. subtilis in combination with SA and JA. The mechanism of increasing the resistance of potato plants to late blight when treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in combination with signaling molecules under conditions of drought was associated with the accumulation of H2O2 and modulation of antioxidant enzymes activity.
On the Functional Features of Acronyms and Abbreviations in On-Line Discourse
Authors: Gasparyan S. K. , Madoyan N. H.
Published: August 2021

It has been established that such important factors as social, cultural, gender, etc. factors have a great impact on the creation of virtual reality. Recent studies have shown that the choice of linguistic and multilingual means depends, to a considerable extent, on the communicative strategies and mechanisms adopted by the language users. In the present article, the authors focus is on the functionality of different contractions and acronyms, which are widely used in online and offline communication, and are closely related to the all-important question of virtual time and space saving. The application of the cotextual descriptive method with a particular attention to the field of cotext and context knowledge in speech analysis allows the authors to emphasize the decisive role of the quantitative և qualitative uses of abbreviations in identifying the users' social and cultural characteristics.
Shakespeare's tragedy «Hamlet» in Freud's psychoanalytic interpretation
Authors: Trokhymchuk O.
Published: August 2021

The wide interpretative range of Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet indicates that it has a considerable artistic power that has not diminished over the centuries, but on the contrary, has grown stronger and generated interest in the play in all new interpreters. The work with its always relevant ontological problems opens to the readers the Renaissance era, introduces the artistic and aesthetic canons of the time, unfolds pictures of private (family) and public life. The considerable number of interpretations of the Shakespearean plot in the works of researchers was the reason for the appearance of new approaches to the interpretation of the storyline, the behavioral model of the characters, which began to appear in the literature.
Pedagogical conditions of introduction of health-saving technologies in leisure ACTIVITY of students
Authors: Danilchenko O. D. , Vitvitska S. S.
Published: August 2021

The article defines the pedagogical conditions for the introduction of health technologies in the leisure activities of students. Implementation of the developed pedagogical conditions will ensure successful physical culture and health activities of students, will supplement the content of the methodological system of fitness technologies in physical education classes with the author's vision of prospects and opportunities for further development, and determine its place in the educational process of physical education.
The role of patronage in popularizing the work of Stanislav Zhukovsky
Authors: Zadoia A. , Syzonenko I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of patronage as a socio-cultural phenomenon, the forms of its manifestation in Russia at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, as well as the influence on the formation of the creative fate of a particular person - the Polish artist Stanislav Yulianovich Zhukovsky (1873-1944), who, by the will of historical destinies, in the period under review lived on the territory of the Russian Empire in Moscow. The role of individual patrons of art in supporting the artist through the acquisition of his paintings is analyzed. The fate of individual works of the artist, which have survived to this day thanks to the private collections of Russian patrons of art, has been investigated.
The influence of historical local lore on the formation of critical thinking in students of historical education
Authors: Kashaba O. , Shcherbyna І.
Published: August 2021

The system of modern humanitarian education should focus on the formation of a person capable of transmitting cultural values, norms, ideals, forms of reproduction of the national-cultural world, to promote the formation of interethnic tolerant relations. Local history as a component of humanitarian historical education contributes to the activation of the creative potential of students, opens their diverse opportunities, creates conditions for personal and social interests, cultivates civic competencies. The authors of the article tried to summarize the existing experience of domestic local history studies, analyze the main directions of research and methods of their knowledge, as well as reveal the possibilities of local history in the process of activating the creative potential of students, especially students of history. During the preparation of the future specialist-historian, the disciplines of local history play a significant role. Their implementation is not only one of the stages of theoretical training of students, but also the result of practical orientation in preparation for practical classes, independent creative activity, individual, research work, as well as during industrial and pedagogical practice. The discipline " Local history" plays a significant role in this process. The study of the history of the native land is transformed from a methodological approach into a general pedagogical principle and creates a basis for the formation of deep professional knowledge, historical thinking, promotes creative understanding of the experience gained by local historians from different regions of Ukraine.
Consequences of "good neighborhood"
Authors: Yakuba V. V.
Published: August 2021

The most significant falsifications of historical events by the Bolshevik regime are considered and it is established that the information policy of the Russian Federation systematically falsifies and conceals historical facts and events that testify to the great contribution of Ukraine and its people to the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. An analysis of the national liberation struggles of 1917-1920 showed that for a long time Soviet researchers called the 1917 Bolshevik coup in the Russian Empire a proletarian revolution, forming the view that this revolution was a just struggle between peasants and workers against the capitalists. time was implanted in the minds of Ukrainians. The Holodomor in 1932-1933 was studied separately as a deliberate genocide or "temporary food shortages."
Communicative discourse in the formation of a deliberative society
Authors: Kudlach V. I.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the relevance of communicative discourse in the period of formation and development of a modern deliberative society. The interrelations between the philosophy of discourse and communicative philosophy are justified, the stages of their development are analyzed. Modern manifestations of the communicative approach to various socio-cultural practices are considered. Mediation and dialogue are defined as basic communicative technologies. Humanitarian and moral understanding of the communicative discourse will help identify and resolve contradictions through openness and discussion that meet the needs, interests and goals of modern society.
The main trends in the development of Ukrainian business journalism in the XXI century
Authors: Chekshturina V.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the historical preconditions for the development of the business press, a theoretical analysis of the formation of Ukrainian business publications. In the process of searching for theoretical sources of the business press, the methodological basis was chosen the principle of historical determinism. The study showed that the emergence of business journalism was facilitated by international trade relations, which were actively developing in the early XVII century. The socio-communicative approach allowed to concentrate on the communication process of the participants of business interaction, which took place by means of the print media and to highlight its main features. As a result of the research the peculiarities of the target audience of the business press are determined, the main features of the content of business publications are indicated and the dependence of the business press on the state of economic development in the country is proved.
Basic principles of the methodology of research of mass media of political parties in library and information activity
Authors: Potikha A.
Published: August 2021

The basic principles of the methodology of research of mass media of social and communicative nature are considered. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the methodological basis for the study of party media as an object of library and information activities. Various methodological approaches and methods have been studied, as well as their effectiveness has been analyzed, which gives grounds for concluding on the effectiveness of using the communicative component of the methodological complex in library research, which is based on the dialectical method. Different research concepts are considered.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Smart PTSL Dalam Kegiatan Inventarisasi Penguasaan, Pemilikkan, Penggunaan, dan Pemanfaatan Tanah (IP4T) Di Nagari Batu Hampa, Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Zikri Khairul , Yulfa Arie , Putri Yuchi Elchika
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah bidang tanah di Nagari Batu Hampa, Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan berdasarkan penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya serta jumlah bidang tanah yang belum bersertipikat. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara pemetaan partisipatif untuk pengukuran bidang tanah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Smart PTSL dan kuesioner (angket) untuk pengumpulan data subjek. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan Sistem Informasi geografis untuk menghasilkan peta tematik. Jumlah bidang tanah yang dijadikan sampel pada peneltian ini sebanyak 500 bidang dengan luas 1.083.865 m2. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa 60 bidang tanah dikuasai oleh bersama/ulayat, 90 bidang tanah sudah terdaftar, 216 bidang tanah digunakan untuk permukiman dan 261 bidang tanah dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan produksi pertanian serta 411 dari 500 bidang tanah belum memiliki sertipikat. Sehingga daerah penelitian ini sangat cocok diusulkan dalam program Pemetaan Sistematis Skala Lengap (PTSL) yang merupakan program tahunan Badan Pertanahan Nasional.
Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Treatment of COVID-19: Safe, Safe, and …. Lifesaving?
Authors: Kelleni Mina
Published: August 2021

Updated, peer reviewed and published https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-021-00896-7#Sec7 I began my quest for a safe COVID-19 pharmacotherapy in March 2020 while refuting a claim that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are hazardous to be used in COVID-19, I have first called this claim a scam in a correspondence sent to NEJM (20-06753) and it took me almost six months to lower the tone of my criticism as well as to be joined by other more famous names in order to get it peer reviewed and published at another honorable journal. Similarly, when my full protocol has evolved, it was rejected by NEJM (20-19376) in May 2020 and when was preprinted the next month, I called it a breakthrough DOI: 10.22541/au.159285564.49698842. However, it took more than a year to have it published after dozens of unexplained or poorly justified rejections.
Damai Dengan Salam
Authors: bismik sakhsu
Published: August 2021

Salah satu etika mulia yang dimaksud dalam surat al-Nu>r adalah perdamaian, karena memiliki dampak penting bagi kerukunan masyarakat dan menyebarkan cinta di tengah sesama. Ada sejumlah hadits disebutkan mengenai perdamaian dan pahala atasnya. Sebab itu, cinta dan keintiman di tengah masyarakat dapat menebarkan kedamaian. Kedamaian (sala>m) secara bahasa berarti keselamatan. Kata sala>m terambil dari kata salima, yaslamu, sala>man, sala>matan, yang dapat berarti mendoakan keselamatan agama dan jiwa bagi seseorang. Ibn H{ajar menjelaskan, yang dimaksud menebarkan salam (kedamaian) adalah menyebarkannya, baik secara sembunyi maupun secara terang-terangan.
Thinking like a State - Embodied intelligence in the deep history of our collective minds
Authors: GUÉNIN--CARLUT Avel
Published: August 2021

This article aims to show how the deep history of early State societies entails the development of a collective form of cognitive agency. It relates classical works in the anthropology of States (in particular Scott’s Seeing like a State) with the enactive account of biological and cognitive organisation, thanks to the unified ontology for self-organisation dynamics across scales offered by the Active Inference framework. Active Inference conceives of cognition as synchronisation across individuated sensorimotor states. It entails that biological or sociocultural constraints display a minimal form of cognition by shaping the behaviour of faster dynamics in a certain way. When such constraints collectively define a basic life form (an integrated, operationally closed system), they can therefore be said to embody adaptive knowledge properly speaking.The (en)Active Inference account I articulate here strongly motivates and methodologically grounds a holist approach in the social sciences. Indeed, it grounds the study of human societies in the role of structural constraints, whose “meaning” depends both on the broader system’s activity and in the historical context of their emergence. The present account of the dynamics of early urbanisation and State genesis aims to illustrate this approach.
LOKAL WISDOM DAN NARASI KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA BAGI PENGHAYAT ABOGE (ALIF REBO WAGE)
Authors: Ulumudin Moch Ichiyak
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah narasi catatan penelitian lapangan yang peneliti dapatkan setelah melakukan penelitian terkait penghayat kepercayaan aboge di Mojokerto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di area kabupaten Mojokerto dan Sidoarjo tepatnya di 4 titik lokasi yaitu di kecamatan Kutorejo, Dlanggu, Trawas dan Tanggulangin kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang penghayat kepercayaan Aboge dari aspek teologi, filosofi, ritual dan kehidupan beragama. Penghayat kepercayaan termasuk dalam kajian indigenous studies atau agama lokal. Penghayat kepercayaan aboge dalam tulisan ini tidak merujuk pada suatu komunitas atau aliran tertentu melainkan individu yang menjalankan keyakinannya berdasarkan ajaran yang diterima melalui sumber ghoib. Istilah orang jawa mereka dikenal dengan sebutan “Wong Ngerti” (orang yang mengerti segalanya). Istilah wong ngerti menduduki tingkat tertinggi dalam derajat hakikat kemanusiaan karena dianggap sangat dekat dengan sang hyang atau sang pencipta.
Cell biologist’s perspective: Frontiers in Development of PROTAC-HDAC degraders.
Authors: Sobko Alex
Published: August 2021

This “Minireview and Perspective” article describes histone deacetylases (HDACs), as promising specific molecular targets to treat a variety of disease states by downregulating the expression of associated proteins with the use of a new generation of bioengineered compounds called protein targeting chimeras (PROTACs). We present the classification of HDACs, discuss their functions as key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, describe their roles in the biology of aging, describe histone- and nonhistone substrates of HDACs and their functions, and briefly introduce the concept of histone-modifying multiprotein complexes. Insight into the biological functions of specific HDACs comes from genetic knockout studies of individual genes encoding deacetylases. Initially discovered and newly developed HDAC inhibitors are powerful tools to investigate the functions of HDACs in cells and organs, that have also been successfully used in numerous preclinical and clinical studies, as promising drug candidates. We focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their action, and introduce PROTACs, which are bivalent degrader molecules that have been recently developed to target HDACs. We then discuss recent studies focused on designing and testing several classes of selective and nonselective HDAC degraders in terms of their molecular and cellular mechanisms of action. Finally, we present open questions and new perspectives in developing the next generation of HDAC-degraders.
Comprehensive aerial survey quantifies high methane emissions from the New Mexico Permian Basin
Authors: Chen Yuanlei , Sherwin Evan , Berman Elena , Jones Brian , Gordon Matthew , Wetherley Erin , Kort Eric , Brandt Adam
Published: August 2021

Limiting emissions of climate-warming methane from oil and gas (O&G) is a major opportunity for short-term climate benefits. We deploy a basin-wide airborne survey of the New Mexico Permian Basin, spanning 35,923 km^2, 26,292 active wells, and over 15,000 km of natural gas pipelines using an independently-validated hyperspectral methane point source detection and quantification system. We estimate total O&G methane emissions in this area at 194 (+72/-68, 95% CI) metric tonnes per hour (t/h), or 9.4% (+3.5%/-3.3%) of gross gas production. 50% of observed emissions come from large emission sources with persistence-averaged emission rates over 308 kg/h. This result emphasizes the importance of capturing low-probability, high-consequence events through basin-wide surveys when estimating regional O&G methane emissions.
Evaluation of film stimuli for the assessment of social-emotional processing
Authors: Leppanen Jenni , Patsalos Olivia , Surguladze Sophie , Kerr-Gaffney Jess , Williams Steven , Tchanturia Kate
Published: August 2021

Background. Difficulties in top-down and bottom-up emotion generation have been proposed to play a key role in the progression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the current study was to develop more ecologically valid measures of top-down interpretation biases and bottom-up evoked emotional responses. Methods. 124 healthy female participants aged 18 – 25 took part in the study. We evaluated two sets of 18 brief film clips. The first set of film clips presented ambiguous social situations designed to examine interpretation biases. Participants provided written interpretations of each ambiguous film clip which were subjected to sentiment analysis. We compared the films in terms of the valence of participants interpretations. The second set of film clips presented neutral and emotionally provoking social scenarios designed to elicit subjective and facial emotional responses. While viewing these film clips participants mood ratings and facial affect were recorded and analysed using exploratory factor analyses. Results. Most of the 18 ambiguous film clips were interpreted in the expected manner while still retaining some ambiguity. However, participants were more attuned to the negative cues in the ambiguous film clips and three film clips were identified as unambiguous. These films clips were deemed unsuitable for assessing interpretation bias. The exploratory factor analyses of participants’ mood ratings and evoked facial affect showed that the positive and negative emotionally provoking film clips formed their own factors as expected. However, there was substantial cross-loading of the neutral film clips when participants’ facial expression data was analysed.Discussion. A subset of the film clips from the two tasks could be used to assess top-down interpretation biases and bottom-up evoked emotional responses. Ambiguous negatively valenced film clips should have more subtle negative cues to avoid ceiling effects and to ensure there is enough room for interpretation.
Digital literacy is associated with more discerning accuracy judgments but not sharing intentions
Authors: Sirlin Nathaniel , Epstein Ziv , Arechar Antonio Alonso , Rand David Gertler
Published: August 2021

It has been widely argued that social media users with low digital literacy – who lack fluency with basic technological concepts related to the internet – are more likely to fall for online misinformation, but surprisingly little research has examined this association empirically. In a large survey experiment involving true and false news posts about politics and COVID-19, we find that digital literacy is indeed an important predictor of the ability to tell truth from false-hood when judging headline accuracy. However, digital literacy is not a robust predictor of users’ intentions to share true versus false headlines. This observation resonates with recent observations of a substantial disconnect between accuracy judgments and sharing intentions. Furthermore, our results suggest that lack of digital literacy may be useful for helping to identify people with inaccurate beliefs, but not for identifying those who are more likely to spread misinformation online.
The role of transient attention in crowding and feature binding
Authors: Kewan Bahiya , Yashar Amit
Published: August 2021

Crowding refers to the failure to identify a peripheral object due to nearby objects (flankers). A hallmark of crowding is the inner-outer asymmetry, i.e., the outer flanker (more peripheral) produces stronger interference than the inner one. Here, by manipulating attention, we tested the predictions of two competing accounts: the attentional account, which predicts a positive attentional effect on the asymmetry (i.e., attention to the outer flanker will increase the asymmetry), and the receptive field size account, which predicts a negative attentional effect. In Experiment 1, observers estimated a Gabor target orientation. A peripheral pre-cue draws attention to one of three locations: target, inner or outer flanker. Probabilistic mixture modeling demonstrated the asymmetry by showing that observers often misreported the outer flanker orientation as the target. Interestingly, the outer cue led to a higher misreport rate of the outer flanker, and the inner cue led to a lower misreport rate of the outer flanker. Experiment 2 tested the effect of asymmetry and attention on binding errors (e.g., reporting the tilt of one presented item with the color of another item). Observers reported both the tilt and color of the target. Attention increased target reports in both dimensions and led to a decrease in target binding. However, attention did not lead to a decrease in flanker biding errors. The results are consistent with the attentional account of crowding and suggest that the locus of spatial attention plays an essential role in crowding and the inner-outer asymmetry.
Indirect causal influence of a single bot on opinion dynamics through a simple recommendation algorithm
Authors: Pescetelli Niccolo , Barkoczi Daniel
Published: August 2021

The ability of social and political bots to influence public opinion is often difficult to estimate. Recent studies found that hyper-partisan accounts often directly interact with already highly polarised users on Twitter and are unlikely to influence the general population's average opinion. In this study, we suggest that social bots, trolls and zealots may affect people’s views not just via a direct interaction (e.g. retweets, at-mentions and likes) and via indirect causal pathways through infiltrating platforms’ content recommendation systems. Using a simple agent-based opinion-dynamics simulation, we isolate the effect of a single bot – representing only 1% of the population – on the average opinion of Bayesian agents when we remove all direct connections between the bot and human agents. We compare this experimental condition with an identical baseline condition where such a bot is absent. We used the same random seed in both simulations so that all other conditions remained identical. Results show that, even in the absence of direct connections, the mere presence of the bot is sufficient to shift the average population opinion. Furthermore, we observe that the presence of the bot significantly affects the opinion of almost all agents in the population. Overall, these findings offer a proof of concept that bots and hyperpartisan accounts can influence average population opinions not only by directly interacting with human accounts but also by shifting platforms’ recommendation engines’ internal representations.
The Reflection of Income Segregation and Accessibility Cleavages in Sydney’s House Prices
Authors: Ng Matthew Kok Ming , Roper Josephine , Pettit Christopher , Lee Chyi Lin
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the relationships between accessibility, income segregation, and house prices in the Greater Sydney Area. Sydney is found to have reasonably even employment accessibility, reflecting the increasingly polycentric nature of the modern city; however, it also shows considerable income segregation and variance in property prices between different parts of the city. Entropy is used to examine the diversity and mixing of different income groups. Finally, hedonic price models using ordinary least square and geographically-weighted regression techniques to show the differing effects of employment accessibility on house prices in different parts of the city. The results show that accessibility has small to negative effects on prices in the most valuable areas, suggesting that other effects such as recreational access and employment type/quality may be important to investigate further in this context.
Hunkering down or catching up? No longitudinal effect of neighborhood concentration of ethnic minorities on contacts with neighbors
Authors: Dochow-Sondershaus Stephan
Published: August 2021

This study examines the widely debated hypothesis that increasing ethnic diversity leads to lower social connectedness, a concern most prominently highlighted in Putnam's "hunkering down" claim. Despite substantial research suggesting a negative association between neighborhood ethnic diversity and cohesion, the causal status of this association remains uncertain, largely due to methodological challenges such as selective neighborhood choices and the lack of panel data. Addressing these gaps, this study proposes a framework for analyzing the longitudinal effects of neighborhood diversity on contacts with neighbors. It focuses on a clearly defined causal research question to navigate the complexities addressing confounding bias in neighborhood effects research. My findings challenge the prevailing theoretical accounts by showing that after confounder adjustment, neighborhoods of varying ethnic compositions exhibit similar levels in the quality of neighborhood contacts. Moreover, residing in a neighborhood for five years improves these outcomes substantially irrespective of its ethnic composition. This contradicts previous assertions that ethnic diversity leads to social retreat and highlights the role of other factors that are associated with diversity in producing lower connectedness in diverse areas.
Information Communication Technologies as Tools to Cope with Stigma: An Exploration of Coping in College-Aged Queer People of Color
Authors: Fadrigon Beatrice H. , Smith Courtney E. , Roulston Chantelle A , Maestre Juan F.
Published: August 2021

Within the United States, Queer People of Color (QPoC) experience high levels of societal discrimination and oppression as a result of having both a stigmatized racial identity and a stigmatized sexual orientation/gender identity. Despite this, QPoC have been the focus of very few studies, and little is known about how to effectively support this marginalized group. Research shows that QPoC utilize Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to cope with societal stigma, however few studies have addressed exactly what ICTs QPoC are using and how they are using them. This qualitative study explores common themes in the experiences of stigma for QPoC, what ICTs QPoC are using to cope with this stigma, and how they are using these ICTs. The authors conducted 12 semi-structured interviews followed by a thematic analysis. The main ICTs that participants discussed using include: Instagram, Twitter, Discord, Tinder, Grindr, GroupMe, Tumblr, Reddit, Netflix, YouTube, Video Games, and Texting. These tools were primarily used for distracting and escaping from stigma, communicating and connecting with others, seeking QPoC media, exploring one’s identity, seeking a community, and finding emotional support. Participants reported that these ICTs are effective coping mechanisms, however stigma permeates these online spaces as well, making it difficult for QPoC to feel safe from the stigma they face offline. To address this, the authors put forth several suggestions.
Tilted Platforms: Rental Housing Technology and the Rise of Urban Big Data Oligopolies
Authors: Boeing Geoff , Besbris Max , Wachsmuth David , Wegmann Jake
Published: August 2021

This article interprets emerging scholarship on rental housing platforms—particularly the most well-known and used short- and long-term rental housing platforms—and considers how the technological processes connecting both short-term and long-term rentals to the platform economy are transforming cities. It discusses potential policy approaches to more equitably distribute benefits and mitigate harms. We argue that information technology is not value-neutral. While rental housing platforms may empower data analysts and certain market participants, the same cannot be said for all users or society at large. First, user-generated online data frequently reproduce the systematic biases found in traditional sources of housing information. Evidence is growing that the information broadcasting potential of rental housing platforms may increase rather than mitigate sociospatial inequality. Second, technology platforms curate and shape information according to their creators' own financial and political interests. The question of which data—and people—are hidden or marginalized on these platforms is just as important as the question of which data are available. Finally, important differences in benefits and drawbacks exist between short-term and long-term rental housing platforms, but are underexplored in the literature: this article unpacks these differences and proposes policy recommendations.
Into The Apple Store: The Birth of the Robert T. Seeley Professorship
Authors: Grinberg Eric L.
Published: August 2021

A casual visit to the Apple store brought major unexpected academic opportunities
Social-Ecological Barriers to Student-parents’ Academic Success: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ajayi Kobi V , Odonkor Gloria , Sonya Panjwani MPH , Aremu Oluwafemi , Garney Whitney , McKyer E. Lisako J.
Published: August 2021

Students who are parents in higher education (HE) in the United States encounter competing demands and challenges while navigating multiple roles as parents, students, and employees. These challenges are multifaceted and can hinder their degree attainment. Using the socio-ecological model, we systematically summarized existing literature published between 2009 - 2020 to understand the experiences and predictors of student-parents academic outcomes in HE. The reviewed articles included students from two-year and four-year institutions (community college, undergraduates, and graduate students). The analysis revealed that the constraints to student-parents academic success are a system-level problem. Most of the barriers and facilitators identified were related to structural policies adopted by HE. This study concludes with recommendations for future research, policymakers, and the school ecosystem.
Exploratory diary study of survey request frequency among research professionals
Authors: Wallen Kenneth , Hammell Abbey , Dentzman Katherine
Published: August 2021

The survey commons is a global common-pool resource that consists of all populations of potential survey participants that researchers share. As survey research methodology and technology advances, the survey commons has become more accessible and used by an ever-growing variety of professional and non-professional researchers, which creates a climate for potential survey participants of seemingly constant requests to complete various types of questionnaires. Among other factors, the frequency of survey requests likely influences burden, fatigue, and data quality. Yet, few studies have explored the frequency and characteristics of survey requests. In contribution to this growing research area, we conducted an exploratory diary study of survey requests among research professionals for a 1-month period. Participants tracked survey request dates, contact mode, response mode, title, sponsor, host, and completion progress. We observed participants receive a survey request every other day, on average, but only fully completed one-quarter of requests. Marketing surveys were the primary request source, the main contact mode was email, and the main response mode was web-based. While marketing surveys were the most frequently experienced by participants, they also had the lowest completion rate; administrative and academic survey requests had the highest completion rate. Overall, our exploratory diary study told an intriguing story of the quantity and characteristics of survey requests among a select population and adds to growing interests in survey request inquiry.
A 'Ghetto' of One's Own: Communal Violence, Residential Segregation and Group Education Outcomes in India
Authors: Kalra Aarushi
Published: August 2021

How does ethnic violence and subsequent segregation shape children's lives? Using exogenous variation in communal violence due to a Hindu nationalist campaign tour across India, I show that violence displaces Muslims to segregated neighbourhoods. Surprisingly, I find that post-event, Muslim primary education levels are higher in cities that were more susceptible to violence. For cohorts enrolling after the riots, the probability of attaining primary education decreases by 2.3% every 100 kilometres away from the campaign route. I exploit differences in the planned and actual route to show that this is due to greater spatial cohesion within communities threatened by violence.