bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic brain injury glioma: Characteristics, report of 2 cases report and literature review
Authors: Chen Kui , Andrade-Barazarte Hugo , Liang Wenjia , Zhu Qingyun , Guo Haixing , Li Yanxin , Li Haichun , Qian Rongjun
Published: December 2022

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a pathogenetic factor in glioma remains controversial, and currently there is still no clear mechanism behind post-TBI glioma. Thus, we provide two case reports of post-TBI glioma contributing power to this research, and we provide a summary of the mechanisms of post-TBI glioma through literature review.

Methods:

We report two cases of brain gliomas that developed in the scar of a previous brain trauma. Both patients were male and both had suffered prior traumatic brain injuries (time interval 10–20 years), and postoperative pathological findings reported glioblastoma and WHO grade III glioma, respectively.

Results:

These two cases further support the association of between traumatic brain injury and gliomas development.

Conclusion:

Although the epidemiological investigation between TBI and glioma is still controversial, there are still some important aspects here that can determine the possibility between TBI and gliomagenesis. Besides, we found that the reparative response of neural stem cells and the dysregulation of inflammatory cells are timportant theories of the mechanism of post-TBI glioma.
One filter may be enough for duplicate inferior vena cava filter implantation in patients with deep venous thrombosis: Two cases report
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Qi , Wang Wei , Yang Jun , Dong Shuilin
Published: December 2022

Background:

Duplicate inferior vena cava (IVC) is an uncommon congenital malformation, but should be treated carefully under the circumstances of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, there is a paucity of clinical guidance on this situation.

Methods:

Duplicate IVC was diagnosed based on the imaging examination that revealed the dual IVC. Deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed by Compression Doppler ultrasonography of both lower extremities with the high-elevated D-dimer. Retrievable IVC filters were implanted to prevent massive and fatal pulmonary embolism. Appropriate anticoagulation therapy was also performed.

Results:

Two retrievable filters were successfully implanted and retrieved in two patients with deep venous thrombosis and duplicate inferior vena cava, respectively. During further follow-up, no adverse event was reported.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive imaging examination might contribute to the diagnosis of duplicate IVC, especially when individual conditions were limited. The position above the confluence of bilateral IVCs might be an appropriate suprarenal retrievable filter insertion location. To deal with different types of dual IVC anatomy, different strategies should be taken into consideration.
The effect of anemia on the severity and prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Cai Ying-Li , Wang Si-Qi , Zhong Hao-Jie , He Xing-Xiang
Published: December 2022

Anemia was a risk factor for a worse prognosis of many diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between anemia and the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Inpatients hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University with a primary diagnosis of AP between 1st July 2016 to 31st December 2020 were enrolled. Subsequently, disease severity, the incidence of complications, and the prognosis of patients with AP were compared between the anemic group and the non-anemic group. A total of 282 patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled; 68.43% of them were also diagnosed with anemia. Notably, these patients had more severe disease (higher RANSON, acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation-II, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome scores); higher incidence of organ failure (acute kidney injury [AKI] and acute heart failure); worse prognosis (higher incidence of vasoactive and diuretic agent use, longer hospital stays, and higher hospital costs) compared to that of patients without anemia (all P < .05). After adjusting for potential confounders, acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation-II, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome scores, hospital stay, and hospital costs in anemic patients were higher than those in non-anemic patients; besides, the incidence of AKI and using a diuretic agent in anemic patients was 6.645 and 4.053 times that of non-anemic patients in AP, respectively (all P < .05). Acute pancreatitis patients with anemia have more disease severity, higher incidence of AKI, and worse prognosis compared to those without anemia.
The effect and safety of low-dose Tripterygium wilfordii in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Lu Meiqi , Feng Yiting , Gao Qing
Published: December 2022

Background:

This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of low-doseTripterygium wilfordiiHook F (TWHF) in treating type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) and provide high-level evidence supporting its normalized application.

Methods:

Seven electronic databases were queried to locate trials that qualify. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about low-dose TWHF long-term treatment of type 2 DN are included. After data extraction and quality evaluation of the clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.

Results:

A total of 23 RCTs were included. For the patients in the trial group, the effective rate [confidence interval (CI), odd ratio] [odd ratio = 1.38, 95% CI (1.22–1.56),P < .001], albumin [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.58, 95% CI (0.18–0.98),P = .004], 24-hour urine total protein [SMD = −1.329, 95% CI = (−1.647 to −1.012),P < .001], serum creatinine [SMD = −0.64, 95% CI = (−0.86 to −0.31),P < .001], and the untoward effect [RR = 2.43 95% CI = (1.23–4.82),P = .01] were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, in white blood cell [Weighted mean difference = −0.27, 95% CI (−0.54 to 0.01),P = .06] and blood urea nitrogen [Weighted mean difference = −0.11, 95% CI (−0.42 to 0.21),z = 0.67,P = .50], none of the differences were significant compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

This suggests that low-dose TWHF positively affects patients with type 2 DN after a long course of treatment. Although there are some side effects, symptoms can improve after medication suspension or symptomatic treatment. Limited by the methodological quality of the included studies, this conclusion needs to be verified by more large-sample RCTs with rigorous design and long-term follow-up.
The optimal dose of intravenous dexamethasone in peripheral nerve blocks: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yinglong , Wei Yiyong , Zhang Donghang
Published: December 2022

Background:

Although intravenous dexamethasone prolongs the duration of analgesia for peripheral nerve blocks (PNB), the optimal dose of dexamethasone is not yet determined. This protocol aims to compare the analgesic effects of different doses of intravenous dexamethasone on PNB.

Methods:

We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of different doses of intravenous dexamethasone for PNB. The duration of analgesia will be defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include pain scores, analgesics consumption >48 hours, and the incidence of adverse effects. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data analysis.

Results:

This study will explore the optimal dose of intravenous dexamethasone for the prolongation of analgesia in PNB.

Conclusion:

The results of this study will provide evidence for the dose selection of intravenous dexamethasone in PNB.
Effect of Xanthii Fructus alcohol extract on proliferation and apoptosis of HFLS-RA and its mechanism
Authors: Jiang Hai , Yu Huan , Zheng Senwang , Wang Xuejiao , Hou Ajiao , Kuang Haixue , Yang Liu
Published: December 2022

Xanthii fructus (XF) is the dried and mature fruit of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. It has the effects of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-arthritic. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory disorder and often leads to disability. However, there are few studies on the treatment of RA by XF and the specific mechanism of treatment has not been clarified. This study was designed to explore the effects of proliferation and apoptosis by XF on human fibroblast-like synovial-RA (HFLS-RA) cells and investigate its mechanism. The cell proliferation ability was detected by MTS assay. Hoechst 33,342 staining was used to detect apoptosis, and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of NF-κB p65 and β-catenin were detected by Western Blotting. MTS, Hoechst 33,342, flow cytometry analysis showed that the alcohol extract of XF inhibited human fibroblast-like synovial-RA cells proliferation and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western Blotting experiment showed that the extract of XF could reduce the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and β-catenin. The extract of XF has a significant therapeutic effect on RA in vitro by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our research will help to clarify the potential pharmacological mechanism of XF on RA and provide experimental basis for the application of XF in clinical treatment.
Clinical and ultrasonography evaluation of thyroid tumor screening in symptomatic patient of Bajulmati primary care center, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawati Rosy , Wulanhandarini Tri , Hayati Fierly , Erawati Dyah , Jaya Merlin Guntur , Thoriq Andi Ahmad , Wijaya Triana Mediyawati , Ismiyati Galih Nur , Kusumaningrum Dyan Wahyu , Koesmarsono Belinda , Basja Agnes Triana , Nugroho M. Ikhsan , Yuliana Silvi , Shedyta Syadza Zahrah , Situmorang Hendra Boy
Published: December 2022

This study aims to assess the prevalence, clinical, and ultrasonography (US) in thyroid screening in healthy subjects with general symptoms of thyroid abnormality in low iodine intake in Bajulmati primary care center, East Java Indonesia. We retrospectively reviewed US thyroid examination of 74 subjects with symptoms of mass in the neck, shaky, sleep difficulties, over sweating, and chronic fatigue on September 15th, 2021. Following the WHO guidelines, subjects also underwent physical examination in which the result were classified into 3 categories, that is, no palpable nor visible goiter, palpable but no visible goiter, as well as palpable and visible goiter. We evaluate US thyroid characteristics following Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology guidelines. Image analysis was reviewed by 4 general radiologists with 2 to 13 years’ experience. Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. Correlation between variables was measured with gamma statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. A P-value < .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Of the 74 subjects, 32 (43.2%) show abnormalities. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the result of thyroid US in subjects with complaint fatigue (P = .464), insomnia (P = .777), over sweating (P = .158), and tremor (P = .778), but there were significant differences with the complaint of mass in the neck (P = .008). Furthermore, there was also a strong correlation between goiter palpation and US thyroid result (R = 0.773, P = .00). We conclude there were significant differences in US result of patients with and without complaint of mass in the neck. We also found a strong correlation between goiter palpation and US examination. Clinical findings, laboratory examination, cytology and molecular markers, patients’ age, nodules size, and ultrasound features should be considered for the treatment planning.
Comparative study of fractional flow reserve and diastolic pressure ratio using a guidewire with a sensor for measuring intravascular pressure
Authors: Kojima Hiroki , Ishii Hideki , Tanaka Akihito , Funakubo Hiroshi , Kato Toshiaki , Shimbo Yusaku , Kawamiya Toshiki , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Ando Masahiko , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and diagnostic agreement between diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in a Japanese real-world setting.

Design:

Prospective multicenter observational study

Methods:

This study included 100 patients with intermediate coronary artery stenosis at 4 Japanese hospitals. For these lesions, FFR and dPR were measured using a guidewire with a sensor and a monitor to measure intravascular pressure. The correlation and diagnostic agreement between FFR and dPR were assessed. When both FFR and dPR were negative or positive, the results were considered to be concordant. When one was positive and the other was negative, the result was regarded as discordant (positive discordance, FFR > 0.80 and dPR ≤ 0.89; negative discordance, FFR ≤ 0.80 and dPR > 0.89).

Results:

Overall, the FFR and dPR were well-correlated (R = 0.841). FFR and dPR were concordant in 89% of cases (concordant normal, 43%; concordant abnormal, 46%) and discordant in 11% (positive discordance, 7%; negative discordance, 4%). No significant difference was observed in the rate of concordant results between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The diagnostic concordance rate was significantly different among the 3 coronary arteries (right coronary artery, 93.3%; left anterior descending artery, 93.2%; and left circumflex artery, 58.3%; P = .001). Additionally, the rate of concordant results tended to be higher when using intravenous administration of adenosine than when using intracoronary bolus injection of nicorandil (adenosine, 95.1%; nicorandil, 84.7%; P = .103).

Conclusion:

We found that dPR was highly correlated with FFR, and diagnostic discordance was observed in 11% of the lesions. Several factors, including lesion location and medication for hyperemia, may cause the diagnostic discordance between dPR and FFR.
Identification of hub genes related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy by weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Wei Yanning , Su Qisheng , Li Xiaohong
Published: December 2022

Background:

The study was aimed to analyze the potential gene modules and hub genes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Methods:

Based on the muscular dystrophy tissue expression profiling microarray GSE13608 from gene expression omnibus, gene co-expression modules were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, gene modules related to DMD were screened, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses were performed, and signature genes in the modules were screened. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed through Cytoscape, and hub genes were identified. The expression of hub genes in DMD versus normal muscle tissue was calculated in GSE6011.

Results:

12 co-expressed gene modules were identified, among which black module was significantly related to DMD. The characteristic genes in the module were enriched in the regulation of immune effector processes, immune response mediated by immunoglobulin, immune response mediated by B cells, etc. SERPING1, F13A1, C1S, C1R, and HLA-DPA1 were considered as hub genes in protein–protein interaction network. Analysis of GSE6011 shows that expression of SERPING1, F13A1, C1S, C1R, and HLA-DPA1 in tissues of DMD patients were higher than normal.

Conclusion:

SERPING1, F13A1, C1S, C1R, and HLA-DPA1 may participate in the development of DMD by regulating innate immunity and inflammation, and they are expected to be a potential biomarker and novel therapeutic targets for DMD.
Differentiation between IgG4-related Mikulicz disease and Sjögren’s syndrome: A review case report and literature review
Authors: Otani Yurie , Shimura Tomotaka , Nogaki Taketoshi , Ikenoya Yoichi , Oyake Koichiro , Imaizumi Naomi , Inoue Yukiko , Uruma Shuhei , Kamimura Sawa , Kawamura Yojiro , Kobayashi Sei
Published: December 2022

Rationale:

IgG4-related diseases cause lesions in various organs throughout the body. In otorhinolaryngology, IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease is suspected and diagnosed based on the presence of lesions of the head and neck, salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, and bilateral sinus opacity concentrated on the maxillary sinuses. However, in some cases, it is necessary to consider about differentiation between IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease and Sjögren syndrome.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:

A 75-years-old male patient visited our hospital with bilateral otitis media with effusion, which was resistant to conservative treatment. Other symptoms at presentation included enlarged bilateral submandibular and sublingual glands marked oral dryness, severe decrease in saliva secretion (1 mL/10 minutes), and dry eyes. We conducted a Schirmer’s and fluorescent dye tests, both of which were positive. High serum IgG4 levels were observed, and although the Sjögren syndrome (SS)-A/SS-B antibodies were negative, marked hypolacrimation and tear secretion were observed. Therefore, a detailed examination considering both IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease and SS was conducted. Salivary gland scintigraphy performed prior to the salivary gland biopsy revealed a marked decrease in uptake, which satisfied the diagnostic criteria for SS; however, it was difficult to diagnose IgG4-related disease based on the diagnostic definition.

Intervensions:

Although a definitive diagnosis of SS was made, the persistent otitis media with effusion that was resistant to conservative treatment and bilateral mixed hearing loss were confirmed. As mixed hearing loss is considered an otological symptom of IgG4-related disease, oral steroid treatment was administered.

Outcome:

Thereafter, marked recovery of hearing and reduced swelling and induration of the bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were observed. Clinically, IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease was strongly suspected, but a definite diagnosis of SS was made.

lessons:

In the absence of an IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease diagnosis, careful differentiation between IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease and 2 diseases and their diagnostic criteria was essential.
Outpatient Prosthetic Based Reconstruction During COVID-19 Pandemic Possible in Selected Patients Without Increased Complications
Authors: Manstein Samuel M , Laikhter Elizabeth , Boustany Ashley N , Shiah Eric , Comer Carly D , Bustos Valeria P , Singhal Dhruv , Fukudome Eugene Y , Cauley Ryan P , Morris Donald J , Lee Bernard T , Lin Samuel J
Published: December 2022

Background:

Following the reopening of elective surgery, our division transitioned from inpatient admission to same-day discharge for immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction in an effort to decrease the hospital’s clinical burden and minimize potential COVID-19 exposure. This study aims to compare complication rates following this acute transition for patients who had inpatient and outpatient mastectomy with immediate alloplastic reconstruction.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate prosthetic reconstruction. The outcome of interest was 30-day morbidity. Descriptive statistics were compared for patients with outpatient and inpatient surgeries. Odds ratios were calculated to determine whether any pre-operative factors increased odds of 30-day complications.

Results:

A total of 115 patients were included in this study. Twenty-six patients had outpatient surgery and 89 stayed inpatient postoperatively. Same-day discharge did not significantly impact the odds of having one or more 30-day complications (OR: 0.275, 95% CI: 0.047-1.618, p = 0.153). Patients with complications had significantly longer median operating times (5.0, IQR 4.0 – 6.0 vs. 4.0, IQR 3.0 – 5.0, p = 0.05), and there was a statistically significant association between length of surgery and odds of complication (OR: 1.596, 95% CI: 1.039-2.451, p = 0.033). Age was independently associated with increased risk of 30-day complication (OR: 1.062, 95% CI: 1.010-1.117, p = 0.020).

Conclusions:

Our findings support a continuation of same-day discharge strategy which could decrease costs for patients and hospitals without increasing complications.
Computed Tomography Features and Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gu Yan , Zheng Bo , Zhao Tianjing , Fan Yingjie
Published: December 2022

To compare computed tomography (CT)-based radiologic features in patients, who are diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with the pathologically detected spread of tumor cells through air spaces (STAS positive [STAS+]) and those with no STAS. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for observational studies (either retrospective or prospective) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma that had compared CT-based features between STAS+ and STAS-negative cases (STAS−). The pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD). STATA software was used for statistical analysis. The meta-analysis included 10 studies. Compared with STAS−, STAS+ adenocarcinoma was associated with increased odds of solid nodule (OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 2.52, 4.31), spiculation (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.08), presence of cavitation (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.22), presence of clear boundary (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.70, 5.32), lobulation (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.47), and pleural indentation (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.77). STAS+ tumors had significant association with the presence of pulmonary vessel convergence (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.87), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.56), and pleural thickening (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.73, 3.84). The mean nodule diameter (mm) (WMD: 6.19, 95% CI: 3.71, 8.66) and the mean solid component (%) (WMD: 24.5, 95% CI: 10.5, 38.6) were higher in STAS+ tumors, compared with STAS− ones. The findings suggest a significant association of certain CT-based features with the presence of STAS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These features may be important in influencing the nature of surgical management.
Appropriate Implant Rehabilitation in Patients With Iatrogenic Oroantral Fistula and Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Eo Mi Young , Lee Ju Young , Cho Yun Ju , Seo Mi Hyun , Kim Soung Min
Published: December 2022

Oroantral fistula (OAF) is the most common etiology for odontogenic maxillary sinusitis that can be caused by tooth extractions, failed maxillary sinus lifts, bone grafts, and poor positioning of dental implant fixtures. A 52-year-old man presented with an OAF and maxillary sinusitis after implant placement and bone grafting. The authors treated the patient with modified endoscopic sinus surgery to obtain OAF closure and provided dental implant placement procedures afterward. The authors also treated 8 other similar cases with favorable outcomes. In this study, the authors report the know-how of implant placement procedures in patients with OAF and maxillary sinusitis.
Discussion on: “Let’s Smarten Up: Smart Devices and the Internet of Things, an Untapped Resource for Innovation in Craniofacial Surgery”
Authors: Gordon Chad R.
Published: December 2022

Prior to Dr. Paul Tessier’s teachings in the 1960’s, many neurosurgeons and craniofacial surgeons took shortcuts and employed alloplastic materials fraught with complication, and soon thereafter, both surgical specialties moved the pendulum towards the side of bone grafts being the gold standard for neurosurgical reconstruction and the art of cranioplasty. But now half a century later, neuroplastic surgery is moving the pendulum the other way. Without a doubt, the brain is a critical organ that needs some form of modulation as opposed to replacement. The intervention delivered can be in the form of electricity, light, medicine, etc. Regardless of the medium, it needs to be housed somewhere. And there is no better real estate than to be housed within a sterile alloplastic case with embedded smart technologies; in a way that prevents obvious, visual deformity. For example, it would be naïve to think that the future of embedded neurotechnologies will one day be housed safely and dependably within one’s own bone flap. Hence, moving forward, time-tested alloplastic materials will become the new gold standard for cranioplasty reconstruction as the world starts to welcome a generation of smart cranial devices; some of which may house Bluetooth-connected, Wifi-enabled, MRI-compatible pumps to perform convection-enhanced delivery of time-tested medicines – thereby forever changing the way we approach chronic neurological disease and the forever-obstructing, blood-brain barrier. As this happens, I feel confident saying that both Tessier and Cushing are somewhere applauding and smiling on these efforts.
Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance
Authors: Sprangers Ben , Hegenbart Ute , Wetzels Jack F.M.
Published: December 2022

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) defines disorders characterized by direct or indirect kidney injury caused by a monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by a B-cell or plasma-cell clone that does not meet current hematologic criteria for therapy. MGRS-associated kidney diseases are diverse and can result in the development of end-stage kidney disease. The current paradigm states that the underlying hematologic condition should be treated and in deep remission before kidney transplantation can be performed because recurrence has been reported for all MGRS-associated kidney diseases. However, we suggest that decisions regarding kidney transplantation in MGRS patients should be individualized considering many factors such as the subtype of MGRS-associated kidney disease, patient age and comorbidity, presence and risk of extrarenal complications, estimated waiting time, the availability of a living kidney donor, and previous hematological treatment and response. Thus, kidney transplantation should be considered even in treatment-naive patients, with hematological treatment initiated after successful kidney transplantation.
Kidney Transplant and Dialysis Patients Remain at Increased Risk for Succumbing to COVID-19
Authors: Weiss Anne , Hendrickx Rodinde , Stensgaard Eva , Jellingsø Mads , Sommer Morten O.A.
Published: December 2022

Background.

Immunocompromised patients have been at an increased risk of succumbing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the beginning of the pandemic.

Methods.

Here, we analyzed mortality and case fatality data from dialysis and kidney transplant patients, and compared each with an age-matched subgroup of the general population.

Results.

We found that both patients on dialysis and kidney transplant patients remain at increased risk of succumbing to COVID-19 despite all available countermeasures.

Conclusions.

The analyses underline the need for additional protection for this vulnerable population.
Cultivation of plant-growth promoters in vinasse: contributions for a circular and green economy
Authors: Torres Mariela Analía , Valdez Alejandra Leonor , Angelicola María Virginia , Raimondo Enzo Emanuel , Pajot Hipólito Fernando , Nieto-Peñalver Carlos Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Vinasse is a by-product with a key role in the circular economy. In this work, we analyze sugarcane vinasse as culture medium for obtaining single and mixed inoculants.Trichoderma harzianumwas cultured in single and sequential co-culture withPseudomonas capeferrumorRhizobiumsp. Fungal biomass was higher in vinasse than in a laboratory medium. Residual vinasses presented almost neutral pH and lower conductivities and toxicity than raw vinasse. Fertigation with residual vinasses improves characteristics of soil evidenced in the total N, cation exchange capacity, urease and acid phosphatase, and the microbial metabolic diversity, in comparison to raw vinasse. The evaluation of the treatment indicates that vinasse is suitable for the production of inoculants containingT. harzianumand that the co-culture withP. capeferrumimproves the characteristics of the residual vinasse in comparison toRhizobiumsp. Obtaining this valuable biomass in vinasse is relevant for the circular and green economy.
Smog risk perception, corporate social responsibility, and green innovation: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Zonghua , Guo Yulang , Zhang Ming , Mao Tianping
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main effect of top executive smog risk perception on green innovation and to examine the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the positive relationship between smog risk perception and green innovation along with the moderating role of smog knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical framework is developed based on the upper echelons theory to argue that top executive smog risk perception can be closely related to green innovation. Hierarchical analysis is conducted using a sample of eight firms in China.

Findings

Hypothesis testing indicates that physical health risk perception and mental health risk perception positively affect green innovation, and that these effects are positively mediated by CSR. In addition, smog knowledge moderates the relationship between physical health risk perception and green innovation.

Research limitations/implications

The findings extend current studies on green innovation by highlighting the role of top executives’ perceptions beyond studying top executives’ attributes. The findings suggest that top executives should actively respond to smog pollution and fulfill CSR.

Originality/value

Previous studies have suggested that top executives’ demographic characteristics are the determining factors of green innovation. This empirical paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring the impact of top executive smog risk perception on green innovation within the framework of the upper echelons theory.
English version of Japanese guidance for use of biologics for psoriasis (the 2022 version)
Authors: Saeki Hidehisa , Mabuchi Tomotaka , Asahina Akihiko , Abe Masatoshi , Igarashi Atsuyuki , Imafuku Shinichi , Okubo Yukari , Komine Mayumi , Sano Shigetoshi , Torii Hideshi , Morita Akimichi , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Watanabe Akira , Ohtsuki Mamitaro ,   Committee for reviewing the safety of molecularly targeted drugs for psoriasis, Japanese Dermatological Association
Published: December 2022

This is the English version of Japanese guidance for use of biologics for psoriasis (the 2022 version). As the first biologics for psoriasis in Japan, infliximab and adalimumab, anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α antibodies, became available in the field of dermatology in 2010, followed by ustekinumab, an anti‐interleukin (IL)‐12/IL‐23p40 antibody, which was launched in Japan in 2011. Moreover, after 2015, three IL‐17 inhibitors, the IL‐17A antibody preparations secukinumab and ixekizumab, and an anti‐IL‐17 receptor antibody preparation brodalumab were marketed. Furthermore, after 2018, the anti‐IL23p19 antibody preparations guselkumab and risankizumab, the TNF inhibitor certolizumab pegol, the IL‐23 inhibitor tildrakizumab, and the anti‐IL‐17A/F antibody bimekizumab were marketed. It is important for physicians to select appropriate biologic therapy for each psoriatic patient after due consideration of disease factors, treatment factors, and patient background factors, sharing such information with patients. The followings can be listed as points to be considered for the selection of biologics: drug effects (e.g., strength of effectiveness, time to onset of effectiveness, effectiveness against arthritis, primary failure, secondary failure), safety (e.g., infections, administration‐related reactions, and relationships with other comorbidities), convenience for patients (e.g., hospital visit intervals, self‐injection, maintenance therapy at clinics, feasibility of drug discontinuation/re‐administration), and payment (medical costs) borne by patients. This guidance has been prepared with the aim of allowing dermatologists experienced in the treatment of psoriasis to use biologics appropriately according to the circumstances of individual patients after consideration of the above‐mentioned factors.
Umbilic points of slowness surface in elastic orthorhombic media
Authors: Xu Shibo , Stovas Alexey , Huang Xingguo
Published: December 2022

For 3D seismic data processing, azimuth plays an important role, especially in complex subsurface regions. In such regions, elliptical or anelliptical orthorhombic models are commonly used to describe wave propagation. In these models, the behaviour of the slowness surface needs more detailed analysis. Umbilic points defined by the equal principal curvatures exist in a complex 3D model. In the vicinity of the umbilic points, the traveltime surface has the shifted hyperbola form that needs to be considered in processing operations like velocity analysis. Fractured media characterized by the orthorhombic model are more likely to have umbilic points, and it is important to address their positions. If exists, umbilic points can provide additional constraints in inverting for model parameters. Through a defined condition, we examine the position of the umbilic point and derive their explicit formulas. We analyse umbilic points for elliptical and anelliptical orthorhombic models in the numerical example. For the elliptical orthorhombic model, the formulas for the umbilic point position on different symmetry planes are derived and corresponding conditions are also identified. Further, we numerically examine umbilic point positions for anelliptical orthorhombic models and observe that the umbilic points are located out of two vertical symmetry planes. Moreover, caused by interference from two neighbouring umbilic points, a more significant deviation in traveltime is found in the anelliptical orthorhombic model.
Elevated O3 concentrations alter the compartment‐specific microbial communities inhabiting rust‐infected poplars
Authors: Tao Siqi , Yin Haiyue , Fang Yue , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Naili , Qu Laiye
Published: December 2022

Elevated ozone (O3) can affect the susceptivity of plants to rust pathogens. However, the collective role of microbiomes involved in such interaction remains largely elusive. We exposed two cultivated poplar clones exhibiting differential O3 sensitivities, to non‐filtered ambient air (NF), NF + 40 ppb or NF + 60 ppb O3‐enriched air in field open‐top chambers and then inoculated Melampsora larici‐populina urediniospores to study their response to rust infection and to investigate how microbiomes inhabiting four compartments (phyllosphere, rhizosphere, root endosphere, bulk soil) are involved in this response. We found that hosts with higher O3 sensitivity had significantly lower rust severity than hosts with lower sensitivity. Furthermore, the effect of increased O3 on the diversity and composition of microbial communities was highly dependent on poplar compartments, with the microbial network complexity patterns being completely opposite between the two clones. Notably, microbial source analysis estimated that phyllosphere fungal communities predominately derived from root endosphere and vice versa, suggesting a potential transmission mechanism between plant above‐ and below‐ground systems. These promising results suggest that further investigations are needed to better understand the interactions of abiotic and biotic stresses on plant performance and the role of the microbiome in driving these changes.
Development of meat analogs: Focus on the current status and challenges of regulatory legislation
Authors: Zhang Kaihua , Zang Mingwu , Wang Shouwei , Zhang Zheqi , Li Dan , Li Xiaoman
Published: December 2022

Population growth and the rising enthusiasm for meat consumption in developing countries have increased the global demand for animal protein. The limited increase in traditional meat production, which results in high resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and zoonotic diseases, has affected the sustainable supply of meat protein. The technological development and commercialization of meat analogs derived from plant and microbial proteins provide a strategy for solving the abovementioned problems. However, before these innovative foods are marketed, they should comply with regulations and standards to ensure food safety and consumer rights. This review briefly summarizes the global development status and challenges of plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analog products. It focuses on the current status, characteristics, and disputes in the regulations and standards worldwide for plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analogs and proposes suggestions for perfecting the regulatory system from the perspective of ensuring safety and supporting innovation. Although plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analogs have had a history of safe usage as foods for a certain period around the world, the nomenclature and product standards are uncertain, which affects product innovation and global sales. Regulatory authorities should promptly formulate and revise regulations or standards to clarify the naming of meat analogs and product standards, especially the use of animal‐derived ingredients and limits of nutrients (e.g., protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals) to continuously introduce start‐up products to the market.
The effects of virtual reality‐based exercise in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Yangöz Şefika Tuğba , Turan Kavradım Selma , Özer Zeynep
Published: December 2022

This meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the effects of virtual reality‐based exercise on physical function, depression symptoms and quality of life in adults receiving haemodialysis. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 3. The random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to pool intervention effects. A total of five studies were included. The majority of included studies compared intervention with passive control group. This meta‐analysis showed with a moderate to high quality of evidence that virtual reality‐based exercise has positive medium effect on improving physical function such as gait speed (g = .40, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.81), sit to stand 10 times (g = −.41, 95% CI −0.825 to −0.009), sit to stand in 60 s (g = .56, 95% CI 0.151 to 0.974), 6‐min walk test (g = .66, 95% CI 0.247 to 1.079), not affect time up and go and sit to stand five times. The study indicated with moderate quality of evidence that virtual reality‐based exercise had no effect on depression symptoms. The study also showed with a moderate quality of evidence that the intervention had a positive medium effect on improving physical function (g = .64, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.09). In conclusion, virtual reality‐based exercise can be performed to improve physical function and quality of life of adults receiving haemodialysis for health professionals.
Effects of grazing versus mowing on the vegetation of wet grasslands in the northern Pre‐Alps, Switzerland
Authors: Reutimann Pascal , Billeter Regula , Dengler Jürgen
Published: December 2022

Question

Wet grasslands are among the most threatened habitats in Central Europe and are subject to loss of their unique species assemblages. Grazing and mowing are important conservation management tools for such semi‐natural habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of grazing and mowing on the diversity and species composition of wet grassland vegetation.

Location

Montane wet grasslands in the Gantrisch Nature Park, Switzerland.

Methods

We sampled 18 pairs of vegetation plots along land‐use borders between grazing and mowing (fence‐line contrasts), distributed over six fens, mostly belonging to the phytosociological alliance Calthion palustris. We tested for differences in structural parameters, biodiversity indices, mean ecological indicator values and the frequency of individual species. In addition, a detrended correspondence analysis was carried out.

Results

Management type had no influence on species richness, Shannon index or Shannon evenness. Maximum microrelief, vegetation height, mean nutrient indicator value and mean competitive strategy were significantly higher with grazing, whereas the mean aeration indicator value and the mean ruderal strategy were significantly higher with mowing. Cirsium oleraceum, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale and Juncus effusus, species of nutrient‐rich wet meadows, were more frequent under grazing, whereas mowing favoured grassland species with wide ecological amplitude, such as Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium pratense.

Conclusions

At the plot scale, vascular plant diversity did not differ between these management regimes. Thus, from the conservation point of view, in the study region, there is no clear preference for either management type, and both should be eligible for subsidies. At the landscape scale, it is beneficial to have both management types present to ensure high gamma‐diversity, as they favour different species.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the other‐‘race’ effect: An attempt at integrating different perspectives
Authors: Stelter Marleen , Schweinberger Stefan R.
Published: December 2022

Although different human races do not exist from the perspective of biology and genetics, ascribed ‘race’ influences psychological processing, such as memory and perception of faces. Research from this Special Issue, as well as a wealth of previous research, shows that other‐‘race’ faces are more difficult to recognize compared to own‐‘race’ faces, a phenomenon known as the other‐‘race’ effect. Theories of expertise attribute the cause of the other‐‘race’ effect to less efficient visual representations of other‐‘race’ faces, which results from reduced visual expertise with other‐‘race’ faces compared to own‐‘race’ faces due to limited contact with individuals from other ‘racial’ groups. By contrast, social‐cognitive accounts attribute the cause of the other‐‘race’ effect to reduced motivation to individuate other‐‘race’ faces compared to own‐‘race’ faces. Evidence for both types of theories is still mixed, but progress in understanding the phenomenon has also been hampered by the fact that there has been little crosstalk between these accounts, which tend to be rooted in separate domains of experimental perception science and social psychology, respectively. To promote an integrative perspective on current knowledge on own‐ versus other‐‘race’ face processing, the present Special Issue bridges different psychological subdisciplines, showcasing research using a large variety of methodological approaches and measures. In this guest editorial, we briefly highlight individual contributions to this Special Issue and offer what we see as important avenues for future research on the other‐‘race’ effect.
Evolving Praxis in Design Management: The transdisciplinary trajectory
Authors: Miller Christine Z , Palsikar Sanika , Spears Jenessa Mae
Published: December 2022

Design has transitioned from its traditional object‐focus to an orientation toward human‐centered design. With this shift, the complexity of design processes, products, deliverables, and artifacts has advanced to acknowledge and honor their impact on human activities and systems across the planet. As design practice has evolved, designers have searched beyond their field for tools, theoretical frameworks, and approaches developed by practitioners from other disciplines that allow for a deeper understanding of the environments and networks in which human and non‐human actors engage. Many designers, including design managers, have adopted anthropology's long‐standing tradition of balancing systems‐level, holistic research with place‐based and deeply contextual inquiry. Over time numerous. sub‐fields within design have emerged to address changing conditions, such as the increasingly strategic role of design within organizations. Design Management (DM) “encompasses the ongoing processes, business decisions, and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively‐designed products, services, communications, environments, and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success” (Design Management Institute, 2022). Over time DM has embraced transdisciplinarity. It is a prime example and leader in this trend.

This paper examines the confluence of theory and methods across the disciplines, specifically Design and Anthropology. Both fields are continuously adapting to accelerating and unpredictable conditions in systems that span industry sectors, economies, socio‐cultural groups, and physical and virtual geographies. It is not surprising there is an increasing confluence and, at the same time, tension and defensiveness in an effort to remain “pure”. However, individuals from both fields have found ways of mixing, integrating, experimenting, and evolving theory and new forms of practice. We will draw on specific, an original transdisciplinary project from practice that will elucidate this tension as well as emerging opportunities. We will argue the weaving of the two fields offers an opportunity to more intentionally put this knowledge into practice and uphold the shared ethical imperative to “do some good” while creating environments that sustain good work. The confluence of design and anthropology perspectives and methodologies and the emphasis on praxis, the practical application of theory in practice, enables practitioners to keep the social and ecological value of design at the center of their work. It is our hope and intention that this paper will inspire designers, educators, practitioners, and theorists to continue creative experimental collaboration in their own evolving practice.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is associated with reorganization of metabolic connectivity in a pathological brain network
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Mlakar Jernej , Ležaić Luka , Vo An , Nguyen Nha , Tang Chris , Fiorini Michele , Prieto Elena , Marti‐Andres Gloria , Arbizu Javier , Eidelberg David , Trošt Maja
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose

Although sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare cause of dementia, it is critical to understand its functional networks as the prion protein spread throughout the brain may share similar mechanisms with other more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the metabolic brain network associated with sCJD was investigated and its internal network organization was explored.

Methods

We explored 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) brain scans of 29 sCJD patients, 56 normal controls (NCs) and 46 other dementia patients from two independent centers. sCJD‐related pattern (CJDRP) was identified in a cohort of 16 pathologically proven sCJD patients and 16 age‐matched NCs using scaled subprofile modeling/principal component analysis and was prospectively validated in an independent cohort of 13 sCJD patients and 20 NCs. The pattern's specificity was tested on other dementia patients and its clinical relevance by clinical correlations. The pattern's internal organization was further studied using graph theory methods.

Results

The CJDRP was characterized by relative hypometabolism in the bilateral caudate, thalami, middle and superior frontal gyri, parietal lobe and posterior cingulum in association with relative hypermetabolism in the hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri and cerebellum. The pattern's expression significantly discriminated sCJD from NCs and other dementia patients (p < 0.005; receiver operating characteristic analysis CJD vs. NCs area under the curve [AUC] 0.90–0.96, sCJD vs. Alzheimer's disease AUC 0.78, sCJD vs. behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia AUC 0.84). The pattern's expression significantly correlated with cognitive, functional decline and disease duration. The metabolic connectivity analysis revealed inefficient information transfer with specific network reorganization.

Conclusions

The CJDRP is a robust metabolic biomarker of sCJD. Due to its excellent clinical correlations it has the potential to monitor disease in emerging disease‐modifying trials.