bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience among organ donation coordinators: a Canadian mixed-methods study
Authors: Silva Amina R. , Rochon Andrea , Hornby Laura , Lotherington Ken , James Lee , Webster Richard , Sucha Ewa , Sarti Aimee , Dhanani Sonny , Silva e Silva Vanessa
Published: March 2024

Background

Organ and Tissue Donation Coordinators (OTDCs) are key to the success of deceased organ donation processes. However, reduced resilience can leave them susceptible to the incidence of work-related issues and decrease the quality of the care provided. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the extent of resilience and influencing aspects among OTDCs in Canada.

Methods

Mixed-method (QUAN-qual) explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data was collected using an online cross-sectional survey approach with demographic data and the validated scales and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was collected using a descriptive approach with a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using content analysis.

Results

One hundred twenty participants responded to the survey, and 39 participants were interviewed. Most participants from the survey were female (82%), registered nurses (97%) and on average 42 years old. The quantitative data revealed that OTDCs had a high level of perceived compassion satisfaction (ProQOL-CS = 36.3) but a resilience score (CD-RISC = 28.5) lower than other groups of healthcare professionals. OTDCs with over a year of experience in the role were more likely to have higher levels of resilience. The qualitative data identified that participants saw resilience as crucial for their work-related well-being. Although coping strategies were identified as a key factor that enhance resilience, many OTDCs reported difficulty in developing healthy coping strategies, and that the use of unhealthy mechanisms (e.g., alcohol and smoking) can result in negative physical consequences (e.g., weight gain) and reduced resilience levels.

Conclusion

Participants reported using a series of coping and protective strategies to help build resilience, but also difficulty in developing healthy mechanisms. The lack of healthy coping strategies were seen as contributing to negative work-related issues (e.g., burnout). Our findings are being used to develop tailored interventions to improve resilience and healthy coping strategies among organ donor coordinators in Canada.
Mechanical loading of bone-anchored implants during functional performance tests in service members with transfemoral limb loss
Authors: Gladish Jonathan R. , Dearth Christopher L. , Beachler Mark D. , Potter Benjamin K. , Forsberg Jonathan A. , Hendershot Brad D.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

For individuals with limb loss, bone-anchored implants create a direct structural and functional connection to a terminal prosthesis. Here, we characterized the mechanical loads distal to the abutment during several functional performance tests in Service members with transfemoral (TF) limb loss, to expand on prior work evaluating more steady-state ambulation on level ground or slopes/stairs.

Methods

Two males with unilateral TF limb loss and two males with bilateral TF limb loss participated after two-stage osseointegration (24 and 12 months, respectively). Tri-directional forces and moments were wirelessly recorded through a sensor, fit distal to the abutment, during six functional tests: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Four Square Step Test (FSST), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Edgren Side-Step Test (SST), T-Test (TTEST), and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). Additionally, participants performed a straight-line gait evaluation on a 15 m level walkway at a self-selected speed (0.93–1.24 m/s). Peak values for each component of force and moment were extracted from all six functional tests; percent differences compared each peak with respect to the corresponding mean peak in straight-line walking.

Results

Peak mechanical loads were largest during non-steady state components of the functional tests (e.g., side-stepping during SST or TTEST, standing up from the ground during IAT). Relative to walking, peak forces during functional tests were larger by up to 143% (anterior-posterior), 181% (medial-lateral), and 110% (axial); peak moments were larger by up to 108% (flexion-extension), 50% (ab/adduction), and 211% (internal/external rotation).

Conclusions

A more comprehensive understanding of the mechanical loads applied to bone-anchored implants during a variety of activities is critical to maximize implant survivability and long-term outcomes, particularly for Service members who are generally young at time of injury and return to active lifestyles.
Sequential model based on human cognitive processing to robot acceptance
Authors: Saeki Waka , Ueda Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2024

Robots have tremendous potential, and have recently been introduced not only for simple operations in factories, but also in workplaces where customer service communication is required. However, communication robots have not always been accepted. This study proposes a three-stage (first contact, interaction, and decision) model for robot acceptance based on the human cognitive process flow to design preferred robots and clarifies the elements of the robot and the processes that affect robot acceptance decision-making. Unlike previous robot acceptance models, the current model focuses on a sequential account of how people decide to accept, considering the interaction (or carry-over) effect between impressions established at each stage. According to the model, this study conducted a scenario-based experiment focusing on the impression of the first contact (a robot’s appearance) and that formed during the interaction with robot (politeness of its conversation and behavior) on robot acceptance in both successful and slightly failed situations. The better the appearance of the robot and the more polite its behavior, the greater the acceptance rate. Importantly, there was no interaction between these two factors. The results indicating that the impressions of the first contact and interaction are additively processed suggest that we should accumulate findings that improving the appearance of the robot and making its communication behavior more human-like in politeness will lead to a more acceptable robot design.
Transitioning towards circular economy through municipal solid waste analysis and characterisation using SowaCLINK software
Authors: Onungwe Ishmael , Hunt Dexter V. L. , Jefferson Ian
Published: March 2024

Municipal solid waste constitutes environmental challenges globally, especially in developing countries, due to increasing waste generation, population growth, inadequate infrastructure, lack of data and poor planning. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive waste audit on the municipal solid waste generated in Aba, a metropolis in southeastern Nigeria. Aba is a commercial city considered the messiest because of the massive municipal solid waste generation and poor management. The study investigated the energy potential and waste regeneration. Municipal solid waste data was sought to provide insight into the quantity and composition of municipal solid waste. The methodology was site-based, in line with the standard test method for determining unprocessed municipal solid waste (ASTM-D5231-92) and SowaCLINK software, a computer-based environmental application, was used for characterization. Linear extrapolation was adopted to quantify the rate of municipal solid waste generated. The geometric mean was applied to forecast the area’s population for a 10-year design period. The chemical elements of the characterized municipal solid waste were utilized based on the ASTM-D5291 standard for municipal solid waste thermochemical conversion, and the high and low heating values were analyzed. The outcomes provided energy recovery potential, the electrical power potential, and the power to the grid of electrical power of the municipal solid waste. The results obtained were 0.7813 kg/p/d and 490,268 t/y for a population of 1,719,185 persons. The percentage of the municipal solid waste components with energy potential was 71%, comprising 48% combustible and 23% organic components on average. The high heating value computed was 176.5 MJ/kg, and the low heating value was 14 MJ/kg. The energy recovery potential was 3,709,463 MWh, the electrical power potential was 38,680 MW, and the power to the grid was 26.1 MW daily. The research reveals a promising direction in transitioning from the linear economy of municipal solid waste management toward implementing an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management based on the circular economy model. The study recommends adopting detailed steps to proffer solutions to the environmental challenges associated with municipal solid waste in most low-middle-income countries to achieve sustainable municipal solid waste management while generating electricity and bio-fertilizers through incineration and anaerobic digestion.
A 2D video-based assessment is associated with 3D biomechanical contributors to dynamic knee valgus in the coronal plane
Authors: Erdman Ashley , Loewen Alex , Dressing Michael , Wyatt Charles , Oliver Gretchen , Butler Lauren , Sugimoto Dai , Black Amanda M. , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten , Bazett-Jones David M. , Janosky Joseph , Ulman Sophia
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Adolescent athletes involved in sports that involve cutting and landing maneuvers have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, highlighting the importance of identifying risky movement patterns such as dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Qualitative movement screenings have explored two-dimensional (2D) scoring criteria for DKV, however, there remains limited data on the validity of these screening tools. Determining a 2D scoring criterion for DKV that closely aligns with three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical measures will allow for the identification of poor knee position in adolescent athletes on a broad scale. The purpose of this study was to establish a 2D scoring criterion that corresponds to 3D biomechanical measures of DKV.

Methods

A total of 41 adolescent female club volleyball athletes performed a three-task movement screen consisting of a single-leg squat (SLS), single-leg drop landing (SLDL), and double-leg vertical jump (DLVJ). A single rater scored 2D videos of each task using four criteria for poor knee position. A motion capture system was used to calculate 3D joint angles, including pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, knee abduction, ankle eversion, and foot progression angle. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created for each 2D scoring criterion to determine cut points for the presence of movement faults, and areas under the curve (AUC) were computed to describe the accuracy of each 2D criterion compared to 3D biomechanical data.

Results

3D measures indicated knee abduction angles between 2.4°–4.6° (SD 4.1°–4.3°) at the time point when the center of the knee joint was most medial during the three tasks. AUCs were between 0.62 and 0.93 across scoring items. The MEDIAL scoring item, defined as the knee joint positioned inside the medial border of the shoe, demonstrated the greatest association to components of DKV, with AUCs ranging from 0.67 to 0.93.

Conclusion

The MEDIAL scoring criterion demonstrated the best performance in distinguishing components of DKV, specifically pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, ankle eversion, and foot progression. Along with the previously published scoring definitions for trunk-specific risk factors, the authors suggest that the MEDIAL criterion may be the most indicative of DKV, given an association with 3D biomechanical risk factors.
Biochar has positive but distinct impacts on root, shoot, and fruit production in beans, tomatoes, and willows
Authors: Sheffield Sunniva B. , Hoefer Taylor A. , Petersen John E.
Published: March 2024

Positive relationships have been documented between the amount of biochar added to soils and various aspects of plant growth and fertility such as root, shoot, and fruit production. However, these effects depend on biochar source materials, soil characteristics and species of plant examined. This makes it impossible to systematically compare and generalize findings across previous studies that have used different soils and biochar. We conducted a novel investigation to assess the effects of a single source of biochar (hazelnut wood), in a constructed organic soil, on the different plant tissues in three functionally distinct species: tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and willow (Salix sp.). Five levels of biochar soil amendment were assessed: 0% (control), 3, 9, and 26% by dry weight. We found a highly significant positive relationship between biochar concentration and total plant biomass (roots + shoots + fruits) in all species, with no significant difference in total biomass response among species. Fruit production increased with increased biochar in both beans and tomatoes. However, tomatoes exhibited significant differences in response among plant tissues; fruit production and shoot biomass increased significantly with biochar, but root tissue did not. Bean germination success increased significantly with biochar concentration. Date of first flowering was earlier with increasing soil biochar in beans but not in tomatoes. Control over both sources of biochar and soil composition in this experiment enables us to conclude that biochar addition can have different impacts on different plants and, in some cases, species-specific impacts on different plant tissues and other measures of fertility. Our results are contrary to prior research that found inhibiting effects of biochar at levels comparable to our 26% treatment. Biochar impacts on soil properties such as CEC and percent base cation saturation do not explain our findings, leading us to conclude that microbial interaction with biochar is an important factor that may explain the positive impacts of soil biochar on plant fertility observed. Further research that repeats this experiment in other soil types, with other biochar sources, and with other plant species is necessary to determine the generalizability of these important findings.
Investigation of the Effect of Magnetic Field and Propellant on Hall Thruster’s Stability via a 0D Model
Authors: Leporini Luca , Yaman Ferhat , Andreussi Tommaso , Giannetti Vittorio
Published: March 2024

Hall thrusters are plasma-based devices that have established themselves as one of the most attractive and mature electric propulsion technologies for space applications. These devices often operate in a regime characterized by low frequency, large amplitude oscillations of the discharge current, which is commonly referred to as the ‘breathing mode’. The intensity of these oscillations depends on the thruster’s design and operating conditions and can reach values of the order of the average discharge current, posing issues for the thruster’s performance and for coupling with the driving electronics. A 0D model of the thruster discharge was developed to investigate the core physical mechanisms leading to the onset and sustenance of the breathing mode. The model was found to be capable of reproducing oscillations with characteristics in line with those observed in the breathing mode. In this work, we extend the use of the 0D model to investigate the effect of the magnetic field intensity and of different propellants on the system stability.
Derivation and Flight Test Validation of Maximum Rate of Climb during Takeoff for Fixed-Wing UAV Driven by Propeller Engine
Authors: Watanabe Katsumi , Shibata Takuma , Ueba Masazumi
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the use of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has expanded, and the use of fixed-wing UAVs is expected to expand due to their usefulness for long-range operations. Different from manned aircraft, no provision is required regarding climb angle at takeoff for fixed-wing UAVs. Therefore, fixed-wing UAVs can take off by taking advantage of their performance. In addition, propeller engines are the propulsion device currently used by most fixed-wing UAVs. However, the thrust force generated by a propeller engine decreases as its airspeed increases. In such circumstances, this paper describes how to derive a maximum rate of climb in which the characteristics of the propeller engine are taken into account, with the aim of reducing takeoff time by maximizing the rate of climb during takeoff. The derivation uses optimization problems with a dependency of the thrust force on the airspeed. After the derivation of the maximum rate of climb, we first checked whether the maximum rate of climb obtained for the mass system was feasible for takeoff at the rate of climb by using a 6-DOF flight simulation, and then confirmed its validity through flight experiments.
BeeOpen—An Open Data Sharing Ecosystem for Apiculture
Authors: Guruprasad Shreyas M. , Leiding Benjamin
Published: March 2024

The digital transformation of apiculture initially encompasses Internet of Things (IoT) systems, incorporating sensor technologies to capture and transmit bee-centric data. Subsequently, data analysis assumes a vital role by establishing correlations between the collected data and the biological conditions of beehives, often leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. The field of precision bee monitoring has witnessed a surge in the collection of large volumes of diverse data, ranging from the hive weight and temperature to health status, queen bee presence, pests, and overall hive activity. Further, these datasets’ heterogeneous nature and lack of standardization present challenges in applying machine learning techniques directly to extract valuable insights. To address this issue, the envisioned ecosystem serves as an open and collaborative information platform, facilitating the exchange and utilization of bee monitoring datasets. The data storage architecture can process a large variety of data at high frequency, e.g., images, videos, audio, and time series data. The platform serves as a repository, providing crucial information about the condition of beehives, health assessments, pest attacks, swarming patterns, and other relevant data. Notably, this information portal is managed through a citizen scientist initiative. By consolidating data from various sources, including beekeepers, researchers, and monitoring systems, the platform offers a holistic view of the bee population’s status in any given area.
Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline
Authors: Song Chao , Zhang Xinpei , Ma Fangyan , Yin Yuanyuan , Yin Hang , Wang Shuhao , Zhao Liqing
Published: March 2024

The detection of the moisture content of wheat is an important index used to measure the quality and preservation of wheat. In order to rapidly and non-destructively detect the moisture content of wheat, in this study, we designed a stripline detection device that measures 151 frequency points in the 50–200 MHz frequency range with a vector network analyzer. Random forest (RF), extreme learning machine (ELM), and BP neural network prediction models were established, using the frequency, temperature, volume density and dielectric constant as input and the water content as output. It was shown that, in the frequency range 50–200 MHz, the permittivity of wheat decreases as the frequency increases, and that this is negatively correlated. The dielectric constant of wheat increases as the moisture content, temperature, and bulk density increase, and these are positively correlated. The random forest (RF) prediction model, which uses the frequency, temperature, effective dielectric constant εeff. and volume density as inputs and the wheat moisture content as the output, demonstrates the best performance. The determination coefficient (R2) = 0.99977, the mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.044368, the mean square error (MAE) = 0.0053011, and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.072809. This study provides a new device and method for the detection of the moisture content of wheat. The device is small and is not easily disturbed by the external environment. It can be measured in a variety of conditions and is important for the development of low-cost, high-precision, and portable devices for the detection of the moisture content of wheat.
Research on the Effect Characteristics of Free-Tail Layout Parameters on Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs
Authors: Qi Hao , Cao Shi-Jie , Wu Jia-Yue , Peng Yi-Ming , Nie Hong , Wei Xiao-Hui
Published: March 2024

The tail-sitter VTOL UAV boasts not only high-speed cruising and air hovering capabilities, but also its unique tail-sitting vertical takeoff and landing and hovering attitude enable aerial operations with an exceptionally small cross-sectional area. This feature effectively broadens the scope of application for the UAV in intelligent agriculture, encompassing tasks such as agricultural inspection, production monitoring, and topographic mapping. Given the necessity for frequent modal transitions, this paper is grounded in a thorough examination of the typical structural characteristics of the tail-sitter VTOL UAV. A comprehensive technical solution for tail-sitter VTOL UAVs, based on the free-tail configuration, is proposed in this paper. The free-tail structure is utilized to address the limitations of traditional tailless layout and fixed landing gear in terms of flight stability and takeoff/landing performance of tail-sitter VTOL UAVs. However, the implementation of this solution necessitates the addition of a new maneuvering unit. Consequently, this paper delves into the aerodynamic coupling characteristics and laws between the layout parameters such as tail number, tail length, and tail area and the tail-sitter VTOL UAV fuselage. To optimize the free-tail configuration, a multi-objective optimization is performed by integrating the overall UAV dynamics, landing dynamics, and modal transition trajectory constraints. The results of stability modeling simulations and flight tests demonstrate that the tail-sitter VTOL UAV equipped with this technical solution exhibits enhanced maneuverability and flight efficiency compared to the conventional tailless layout.
Volatile Compounds and Quality Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Apples and Mixed Fruits Coated with Ascorbic Acid during Cold Storage
Authors: Laksana Andri Jaya , Kim Jong-Hoon , Ahn Jae-Hwan , Kim Ji-Young
Published: March 2024

Fresh-cut apples are commonly known as minimally processed agricultural products because of their convenience and ease of consumption. However, during storage, the quality of the apple rapidly changes after cutting due to enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. This study aimed to monitor the quality changes and volatile compounds in fresh-cut apples at various temperatures using an electronic nose. The quality relationships of the product during distribution and storage using cold chain systems were also evaluated. The results showed that the total viable count initially differed between fresh-cut apples (2.59 Log CFU/g) and mixed fruits (apple ‘Hongro’, kumquat, and cherry tomatoes) (3.2 Log CFU/g) during the storage period (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the physicochemical properties except for the firmness, color values, browning index, whiteness index, and titratable acidity. The volatile compounds found in fresh-cut apples indicating apple fruit aroma were propyl propanoate and ethyl isovalerate, hexanol (freshness), and methanethiol and ethyl acetate (unpleasant off-odor), and these compounds could be used as markers for the deterioration process in fresh-cut apples during storage. Methanethiol and ethyl acetate were correlated with microbial growth (Pearson correlation of 0.81–0.98 for total viable microbe and 0.49–0.90 for coliform count). The limonene level was higher in the mixed fruits than in other treatments and gradually increased during storage due to the kumquat.
Estimation of Peanut Southern Blight Severity in Hyperspectral Data Using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Fractional-Order Differentiation
Authors: Sun Heguang , Zhou Lin , Shu Meiyan , Zhang Jie , Feng Ziheng , Feng Haikuan , Song Xiaoyu , Yue Jibo , Guo Wei
Published: March 2024

Southern blight significantly impacts peanut yield, and its severity is exacerbated by high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. The mycelium attached to the plant’s interior quickly proliferates, contributing to the challenges of early detection and data acquisition. In recent years, the integration of machine learning and remote sensing data has become a common approach for disease monitoring. However, the poor quality and imbalance of data samples can significantly impact the performance of machine learning algorithms. This study employed the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm to generate samples with varying severity levels. Additionally, it utilized Fractional-Order Differentiation (FOD) to enhance spectral information. The validation and testing of the 1D-CNN, SVM, and KNN models were conducted using experimental data from two different locations. In conclusion, our results indicate that the SMOTE-FOD-1D-CNN model enhances the ability to monitor the severity of peanut white mold disease (validation OA = 88.81%, Kappa = 0.85; testing OA = 82.76%, Kappa = 0.75).
The Effect of Grape Seed Cake as a Dietary Supplement Rich in Polyphenols on the Quantity and Quality of Milk, Metabolic Profile of Blood, and Antioxidative Status of Lactating Dairy Goats
Authors: Antunović Zvonko , Novoselec Josip , Klir Šalavardić Željka , Steiner Zvonimir , Drenjančević Mato , Pavić Valentina , Đidara Mislav , Ronta Mario , Jakobek Barron Lidija , Mioč Boro
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the impact that diets supplemented with grape seed cake rich in polyphenols had on lactating goats. The study investigated the quantity and quality of goat milk, the metabolic profile of blood, and the antioxidative status. The study involved 24 French Alpine dairy goats throughout their lactation period. The goats were, on average, 5 years old (±three months) and in the fourth lactation. The experiment lasted for 58 days. The control group (CON) had a diet without grape seed cake (GSC). The experimental groups were given a diet containing 5% and 10% GSC on a dry matter basis (GSC5 and GSC10, respectively). A slightly higher milk production, as well as protein and fat milk content, were found in GSC5 and GSC10, but the differences were not significant. Goat milk in the GSC10 group exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, as well as decreased concentrations of GUK and SCC. The feeding treatments did not affect significant differences in hematological and biochemical indicators, except for the BHB content, which can be associated with a higher energy value of feed containing GSC. There was an observed elevation in the activity of SOD within the blood of GSC5, and GSC10 was measured as well. The determined changes justify the supplementation of GSC rich in polyphenols to goat feed, especially in the amount of 10%, as it can reduce stress caused by lactation, which is known as a very stressful production period for animals.
The Early Effects of an Agrivoltaic System within a Different Crop Cultivation on Soil Quality in Dry–Hot Valley Eco-Fragile Areas
Authors: Luo Jiufu , Luo Zhongxin , Li Wen , Shi Wenbo , Sui Xin
Published: March 2024

The co-allocation of photovoltaic arrays with crops presents a promising strategy to mitigate the conflict between photovoltaics and agricultural land. However, there is a notable lack of quantitative research on the impact of agrivoltaic system on land quality in fragile areas. In this study, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were cultivated in photovoltaic array in the dry–hot valley of southwest China, with an off-site native land serving as the control. Sixteen soil physicochemical and biochemical parameters were measured in the gap and under-panel and control area. Results demonstrated that the agrivoltaic system significantly enhanced soil moisture, organic carbon, nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium nutrients, microbial biomass, and urease activity. It also led to varying degrees of increase in soil pH and electrical conductivity, along with reduced soil sucrase and phosphatase activity. In comparison to the control, the agrivoltaic system notably improved soil quality and multifunctionality. Specially, gap cultivation had a more pronounced positive impact on soil quality than under-panel cultivation, and the cultivation of peanuts had a greater effect on soil quality and multifunctionality improvement than ryegrass. This study provides fundamental data to support the improvement of land quality in photovoltaic developed regions, and to alleviate the conflict between photovoltaics and agricultural land.
The Impact of Bacillus coagulans X3 on Available Nitrogen Content, Bacterial Community Composition, and Nitrogen Functional Gene Levels When Composting Cattle Manure
Authors: Liu Biao , Chen Wei , Wang Zhen , Guo Zhaohui , Li Yongmei , Xu Lijuan , Wu Minxi , Yin Hongmei
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen loss is an unavoidable problem during organic waste composting, while exogenous microbial inoculation is a promising strategy for reducing nitrogen loss and improving compost quality. This study was designed to probe available nitrogen levels, bacterial community composition, and the levels of nitrogen functional genes present when composting cattle manure with or without the addition of Bacillus coagulans X3. Bacterial supplementation was associated with the prolongation of the thermophilic stage and improved maturity of the resultant compost. At the maturity stage, samples to which B. coagulans X3 had been added exhibited significant increases in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen levels. The dominant bacterial phyla observed in these composting samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi. B. coagulans X3 addition resulted in significant increases in relative Firmicutes abundance during the thermophilic and cooling stages while also increasing amoA and nosZ gene abundance and reducing nirS gene levels over the course of composting. Together, these data suggest that B. coagulans X3 supplementation provides an effective means of enhancing nitrogen content in the context of cattle manure composting through the regulation of nitrification and denitrification activity.
Seed Priming with Nanoencapsulated Gibberellic Acid Triggers Beneficial Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Tomato Plants under Different Water Conditions
Authors: Fregonezi Bruno F. , Pereira Anderson E. S. , Ferreira Josué M. , Fraceto Leonardo F. , Gomes Diego G. , Oliveira Halley C.
Published: March 2024

Water deficit (WD) promotes great losses in agriculture, and the development of new sustainable technologies to mitigate the effects of this stress on plants is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological and biochemical alterations induced by the priming of tomato seeds with different formulations in plants under field capacity and WD conditions. In the first experiment, the treatments consisted of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan and chitosan/tripolyphosphate containing gibberellic acid (GA3) in different concentrations (0.5, 5, and 50 µg mL−1 GA3), in addition to control with deionized water. The alginate/chitosan (5 µg mL−1 GA3) provided the greatest gains in plant growth under field capacity. In addition, under WD this treatment reduced damage to photosystem II (−14%), stomatal conductance (−13%), and water loss (−38%) and increased the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (+24%) and intrinsic water use efficiency (+12%). In the second experiment, the treatments were alginate/chitosan nanoparticles containing GA3 (NPGA3 5 µg mL−1), free GA3 (GA3 5 µg mL−1), nanoparticles without GA3 (NP), deionized water (WATER), and non-primed seeds (CONT). Under WD, GA3 and CONT maintained plant growth and lost water rapidly, reducing stomatal conductance (−87%) and net photosynthesis (−69%). In contrast, NPGA3 decreased leaf area (−44%) and increased root-to-shoot ratio (+39%) when compared to GA3, reducing water loss (−28%). Activation of protective mechanisms (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) by WATER, NPGA3, and NP treatments also resulted in lower susceptibility to WD compared to CONT and GA3. The results highlight the positive effect of seed priming on plant response to WD, which was enhanced by the use of nanoencapsulated GA3.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Three-Dimensional (3D) Cassava Root Crowns and Agronomic Traits Using Partially Inbred Populations
Authors: Sunvittayakul Pongsakorn , Wonnapinij Passorn , Chanchay Pornchanan , Wannitikul Pitchaporn , Sathitnaitham Sukhita , Phanthanong Phongnapha , Changwitchukarn Kanokpoo , Suttangkakul Anongpat , Ceballos Hernan , Gomez Leonardo D. , Kittipadakul Piya , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai
Published: March 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a key industrial crop in Southeast Asia and a staple for food security in Africa, owing to its resilience and efficiency in starch production. This study aims to unravel the genetic determinants of specific cassava root crown traits, utilizing 3D modeling for yield-related attributes and root crown morphology. Phenotypic analysis of 130 partially inbred lines and their six parental lines from Thai commercial varieties revealed a range of root traits within populations showcasing robust correlations among various traits, particularly root size parameters and root weight. Genotyping-by-sequencing yielded a total of 29,361 SNP markers identified within the nuclear genome of cassava and shared across all genotypes. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of these 136 genotypes identified 23 significant SNPs for six out of 11 root crown traits, including 3D root angle, 3D surface area, root number, 3D crown diameter, root weight, and 3D volume. We found one shared significant SNP between 3D crown diameter and root weight, and another shared SNP between root weight and 3D volume. Two closely linked SNPs were identified for 3D volume, root weight, and 3D surface area. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis for each pair of SNP markers indicated the linkage decay point at approximately 60 kb. Based on LD decay and available transcriptome data, candidate gene identification highlighted 29 genes associated with five traits, providing an understanding of the genetic basis of cassava root crown traits. Our findings offer novel insights into cassava storage root traits as well as data for marker development and candidate gene identification.
Impact of Pyrolyzed and Unpyrolyzed Animal Manures on Soil Properties, Carbon Sequestration, and Clover Productivity in Andisol
Authors: Muñoz Cristina , Ginebra Milagros , Zagal Erick
Published: March 2024

The use of organic waste in agricultural soil can enhance crop yields, improve waste management, and boost soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, more field data are required to fully understand the impacts of pyrolyzed and unpyrolyzed animal manures. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the impact of two pyrolyzed and unpyrolyzed manures on soil properties, soil C storage, and clover productivity and (ii) to examine the biochar’s movement through the soil profile. Poultry litter (PL), dairy manure (DM), poultry litter biochar (PLBC), and dairy manure biochar (DBC) were applied at rates of 8 t ha−1 in a field experiment with red clover (Trifolium pratense L. var. Quiñequeli) in an Andisol. We monitored changes in soil chemical properties, foliar properties, and crop yield after three clover cuttings. To examine the movement of biochars through the soil profile, we set up a lab experiment where field conditions were simulated. PLBC, DBC, and PL increased soil pH by 0.5 (6.44), 0.28 (6.22), and 0.25 (6.19) units, respectively. Soil available P increased in both pyrolyzed and unpyrolyzed PL treatments (by 8.53 mg P kg−1, on average). Clover yields only increased in treatments with amendments that provided more available P and increased the pH. The addition of DBC increased soil total C (30.3%). Both biochars added to the soil surface exhibited little movement through the soil profile (2 to 4 cm). In this study, the pyrolysis of manures emerged as an option for reducing waste volume from the farming industry. Manure biochars proved useful at low rates for enhancing crop yields (PLBC) and storing C in the soil (DBC).
Crop Conversion from Annual to Perennials: An Effective Strategy to Affect Soil Multifunctionality
Authors: Liu Panpan , Wang Dong , Li Yue , Liu Ji , Cui Yongxing , Liang Guopeng , Wang Chaoqun , Wang Chao , Moorhead Daryl L. , Chen Ji
Published: March 2024

Although crop conversion from annual to perennial crops has been considered as one path towards climate-smart and resource-efficient agriculture, the effects of this conversion on soil multifunctionality and biomass yields remain unclear. The objective of the study is to enhance soil multifunctionality while exerting a marginal influence on farmer income. Here, we investigated the effects of annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two perennial crops (a grass (Lolium perenne L.), a legume (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixture) on soil multifunctionality and biomass yield on the Yellow River floodplain. Soil multifunctionality was assessed by the capacity of water regulation and the multifunctionality of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles. C cycle multifunctionality index is the average of β-xylosidase, β-cellobiosidase, and β-1, 4-glucosidase. N cycle multifunctionality index is the average of L-leucine aminopeptidase and β-1, 4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase represented (and dominated) P cycle functions. The results showed that perennial crops enhanced soil multifunctionality by 207% for L. perenne, 311% for M. sativa, and 438% for L. perenne + M. sativa, compared with annual winter wheat (T. aestivum). The effect of perennial crops on soil multifunctionality increased with infiltration rate, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, and extracellular enzymatic activities for both C and N acquisition. However, we observed that perennial crops had a lower biomass yield than annual crop. Therefore, the transition of agricultural landscapes to perennials needs to take into account the balance between environmental protection and food security, as well as environmental heterogeneity, to promote sustainable agricultural development.
Improved Antibody Detection for Canine Leptospirosis: ELISAs Modified Using Local Leptospiral Serovar Isolates from Asymptomatic Dogs
Authors: Boonciew Pannawich , Saisongkorh Watcharee , Brameld Suppalak , Thongpin Matsaya , Kurilung Alongkorn , Krangvichian Pratomporn , Niyomtham Waree , Patarakul Kanitha , Phichitraslip Thanmaporn , Hampson David J. , Prapasarakul Nuvee
Published: March 2024

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of significant concern for human and animal health, with domestic animals, including dogs, acting as reservoirs for human infection. Serology is widely used for leptospirosis diagnosis, even though the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of serovars lacks specificity and can lead to detection limitations in certain regions. In this study, we aimed to develop an antibody detection tool for dogs using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a set of local serovar isolates, including Paidjan, Dadas, and Mini, to enhance the accuracy of leptospirosis surveillance in our region. The specificity and sensitivity of various antigen preparations, namely leptospiral whole-cell protein (WCP), total membrane protein (TMP), and outer membrane protein (OMP), were assessed using sera from infected and non-infected dogs, as well as negative puppy sera. Leptospirosis diagnosis was supported using a genus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction test on all collected sera. Protein preparations were validated using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. In the results, the standard MAT failed to detect antibodies in any of the dogs confirmed as being infected using PCR and isolation, highlighting its limitations. In contrast, the OMP-based ELISAs using local isolates of Leptospira serovars gave positive results with sera from all infected dogs, and negative results with sera from all dogs from non-endemic areas. IgG titres of infected and unvaccinated dogs from endemically affected areas were significantly higher than those in non-endemic regions. Using the OMP-based IgG/ELISAs with the local serovar Dadas resulted in higher specificity and lower sensitivity than when using the WCP- and TMP-based IgG/ELISAs. Agreement analysis revealed fair and moderate concordance between OMP-based IgG/ELISAs and PCR results, whereas slight and fair agreement was observed between OMP-based ELISAs and the MAT. Overall, the modified OMP-based IgG/ELISAs, utilising relevant local serovar isolates from dogs, demonstrated improved accuracy in detecting leptospirosis in the study area, overcoming the limitations of the MAT. This study highlights the importance of identifying and incorporating these local circulating serovar isolates into serological techniques for leptospirosis diagnosis and surveillance.
Learning Rich Feature Representation and State Change Monitoring for Accurate Animal Target Tracking
Authors: Yin Kuan , Feng Jiangfan , Dong Shaokang
Published: March 2024

Animal tracking is crucial for understanding migration, habitat selection, and behavior patterns. However, challenges in video data acquisition and the unpredictability of animal movements have hindered progress in this field. To address these challenges, we present a novel animal tracking method based on correlation filters. Our approach integrates hand-crafted features, deep features, and temporal context information to learn a rich feature representation of the target animal, enabling effective monitoring and updating of its state. Specifically, we extract hand-crafted histogram of oriented gradient features and deep features from different layers of the animal, creating tailored fusion features that encapsulate both appearance and motion characteristics. By analyzing the response map, we select optimal fusion features based on the oscillation degree. When the target animal’s state changes significantly, we adaptively update the target model using temporal context information and robust feature data from the current frame. This updated model is then used for re-tracking, leading to improved results compared to recent mainstream algorithms, as demonstrated in extensive experiments conducted on our self-constructed animal datasets. By addressing specific challenges in animal tracking, our method offers a promising approach for more effective and accurate animal behavior research.
Effects of Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation on Methane Production and Rumen Microbial Diversity of Second-Cross Lambs
Authors: Prathap Pragna , Chauhan Surinder S. , Flavel Matthew , Mitchell Shane , Cottrell Jeremy J. , Leury Brian J. , Dunshea Frank R.
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding sugarcane-derived polyphenolic supplement (Polygain, The Product Makers Australia, Keysborough, VIC, Australia) on enteric methane (CH4) emission, rumen microbiota, and performance of second-cross lambs. For this purpose, 24 Poll Dorset × (Border Leicester × Merino) lambs were allocated to 3 different treatments: Control (C), 0.25% Polygain (0.25 PG), and 1% Polygain (1 PG) diets with a uniform basal feed (25% cracked wheat grain, 25% cracked barley grain, 25% oaten chaff, 25% lucerne chaff). Both doses of Polygain reduced the total CH4 production (g/day; p = 0.006), CH4 yield (CH4, g/kg of dry matter intake; p = 0.003) and CH4 intensity (CH4, g/kg of BW; p = 0.003). Dry matter intake tended to be greater (p = 0.08) in sheep fed 1 PG compared to the C group, with the 0.25 PG group being intermediate. The average daily gain of the lambs was improved (p = 0.03) with 1% Polygain supplementation. The relative abundance of genera Methanobrevibacter_unidentified, Methanomethylophilaceae_uncultured, Methanogenic archaeon mixed culture ISO4-G1, Methanosphaera uncultured rumen methanogen, Methanogenic archaeon ISO4-H5, and Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani JH1 were reduced with Polygain supplementation. In conclusion, feeding Polygain reduced lambs’ enteric CH4 emissions, altered the rumen microbiome, and improved the growth performance of lambs.
Behavioural Factors Influencing the Intention to Adopt Sheep Scab Control Measures in Northern Ireland
Authors: Adenuga Adewale Henry , Crawford Paul , Aubry Aurelie , Verner Sharon , Strain Sam , Burgess Stewart T. G.
Published: March 2024

Sheep scab, caused by infestation with the ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis, is an endemic disease in the Northern Ireland (NI) sheep flock and constitutes significant economic and welfare burdens for the NI farming industry. Despite its endemic nature, historically, little research has been undertaken to support the control of the disease in NI. This study offers the first attempt to analyse the psychological and behavioural factors influencing farmers’ intentions to implement effective sheep scab control measures in NI. To achieve our objective, quantitative data from a sample of 126 sheep farmers were statistically analysed using an extended theory of planned behaviour approach in an ordered logistic regression modelling framework. Our analyses showed that sheep scab remains an issue of concern in Northern Ireland. The attitudes of the farmers, as well as perceived behavioural control, emotional effect, membership of Business Development Groups (BDGs), and higher education qualifications, were found to be statistically significant factors influencing farmers’ intentions to adopt sheep scab control measures. This study provides a solid foundation for how to promote behavioural changes among sheep farmers to improve their ability to implement effective disease control measures, helping to tackle this challenging disease in a more sustainable way in the future.
Antinociceptive and Cardiorespiratory Effects of a Single Dose of Dexmedetomidine in Laboratory Mice Subjected to Craniotomy under General Anaesthesia with Isoflurane and Carprofen or Meloxicam
Authors: Schiele Anika R. , Henze Inken S. , Bettschart-Wolfensberger Regula , Gent Thomas C.
Published: March 2024

Pain refinement represents an important aspect of animal welfare in laboratory animals. Refining analgesia regimens in mice undergoing craniotomy has been sparsely investigated. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine in combination with other analgesic drugs on intraoperative anti-nociceptive effects and cardiorespiratory stability. All mice were anaesthetised with isoflurane and received local lidocaine infiltration at the surgical site. Mice were randomised into treatment groups consisting of either carprofen 5 mg kg−1 or meloxicam 5 mg kg−1 with or without dexmedetomidine 0.1 mg kg−1 administered subcutaneously. Intra-anaesthetic heart rates, breathing rates, isoflurane requirements, and arterial oxygen saturations were continuously monitored. We found that administration of dexmedetomidine significantly improved heart and breathing rate stability during two of four noxious stimuli (skin incision and whisker stimulation) compared to non-dexmedetomidine-treated mice and lowered isoflurane requirements throughout anaesthesia by 5–6%. No significant differences were found between carprofen and meloxicam. These results demonstrate that dexmedetomidine reduces nociception and provides intra-anaesthetic haemodynamic and respiratory stability in mice. In conclusion, the addition of dexmedetomidine to anaesthetic regimes for craniotomy offers a refinement over current practice for laboratory mice.