bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERKULTURELLE KOMPETENZ IN DER TRANSLATIONSDIDAKTIK VON DER THEORIE ZUR PRAXIS
Authors: Hinc Jolanta
Published: July 2019

The following article has two goals. The first is the presentation of theo-retical approaches to the translation of culture-specific content and expla-nation of some relevant terms, which include culture, interculturality, in-tercultural competence and translational cultural competence. The sec-ond is to discuss practical teaching problems and possible solutions that translational didactics must keep in mind in its research perspective. The practical considerations relate to the transfer of written texts and to the education of students who gain their first experiences in translational activity. With questions about the text, which trigger its analysis on the macro- and microstructural level, the students should be motivated to approach cul-tural content reflexively and to reflect it in the target language.
ANALYSE DES PROPOS TENUS PAR DES REFUGIÉS MINEURS NON ACCOMPAGNÉS DANS DES TEXTES IDENTITAIRES. NOUVEAUX VECTEURS D’INCLUSION ?
Authors: Gatsi Giota
Published: July 2019

According to EKKA (National Center of Social Solidarity), in 2016, almost 5000 unaccompanied minor refugees were registered in Greece. Our research is part of a research for new methodological tools enabling language teachers to adapt their teaching to the needs of these new learners, in particular by exploiting their cultural and linguistic capital. One of these tools is the "identity text" which, according to Cummins (2006), is a reflection of the author's identity at some point in his/her biography. The hypotheses of our research are that the production of identity texts by unaccompanied minor refugees can reinforce (H1) their self-esteem, (H2) their motivation for learning new languages in school and (H3) the development of skills that could lead to better in-tegration (affective, linguistic, cultural and socio-cultural) within the host country's school system. These hypotheses are confirmed by the results of cross-content analysis of a collection of identity texts pro-duced online (on Facebook) in 2016-2017 by 30 unaccompanied minor refugees of Syrian, Afghan and Pakistani origin, aged between 14 to 18 years old. It appears that our three hypotheses are validated to a significant extent. These findings may be an incentive for language teachers, but perhaps also for the actors of Formal and Non Formal education to observe and anchor the linguistic and cultural skills of newly arrived refugees, so that they find their place more easily in a welcoming society.
Feasibility Study of Microneedle Fabrication from a thin Nitinol Wire Using a CW Single-Mode Fiber Laser
Authors: Tu Jay , Reeves Nicolas
Published: July 2019

In this paper, feasibility studies are presented on microneedle fabrication by using a multiple-pulse laser microhole drilling technique to drill an axial hole into a thin nitinol wire of 150 μm in diameter. Nitinol is chosen for its biocompatibility and excellent super-elasticity to eliminate breakage risk. One potential use of this microneedle is for drawing a small amount of blood for glucose monitoring. The critical factor for drilling microholes into a thin nitinol wire axially is the restoration of the semi-infinite material condition, which is the key to prevent the thin wire from being melt away by the laser due to excessive heat transfer in the radial direction. The results show that holes, up to 607 μmin depth, can be drilled into a thin nitinol wire of 150 μm in diameter using 18 repetitions of a 3-pulse group with 13 μs pluses. However, hole quality is poor. The challenges for improving hole qualities, such as centering, hole blockage, through holes, and process parameters, are discussed.
Using low-field NMR and MRI to characterize water status and distribution in modified wood during water absorption
Authors: Wang Wang , Chen Jinyu , Cao Jinzhen
Published: July 2019

In this study, synergism between two wood modification methods was investigated with the aim of providing insights into improving wood hydrophobicity. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was modified using two variants of the same treatment procedure: in the first case, paraffin wax emulsion (PWE) impregnation was followed by thermal modification (TM); in the second case, the order was reversed, and TM was followed by PWE impregnation. The treated samples were then immersed in distilled water for 1, 6, 24, 48 or 96 h. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to evaluate the concentration of different water components, as well as the water distribution. The results indicated that the combined treatment showed much better performance than either treatment individually, particularly when PWE impregnation was followed by TM. Moreover, through the use of MRI, we characterized the role of both methods in the synergistic relationship, which showed that the PWE impregnation increased the wood hydrophobicity through decreasing free water absorption, while the TM performed the same function through bound water absorption. In addition, paraffin wax penetrated the newly formed cracks caused by TM, which also contributed to the synergistic mechanism between PWE impregnation and TM.
Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in western Saudi Arabia: 11-year experience
Authors: Al Shaikh Adnan , Farahat Fayssal , Saeedi Mohammad , Bakar Ayman , Al Gahtani Amal , Al-Zahrani Noura , Jaha Leena , Aseeri Mohammed A. , Al-Jifree Hatim M. , Al Zahrani Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Background

A wide range of reports on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been published worldwide. Reports from Saudi Arabia are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical pattern and severity of DKA in children with newly diagnosed T1DM and the association of autoimmune conditions with initial DKA occurrence at King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah.

Methods

This retrospective chart review was conducted during the period 2005–2015. All newly diagnosed T1DM children during the study period were investigated (n = 390). Data were collected on the demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), DKA severity, length of hospital stay and follow-up data on the type of diabetes therapy.

Results

The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM pediatric patients was 37.7% (n = 147). Moderate and severe DKA cases were significantly higher among female children (p = 0.04). Patients diagnosed with DKA had lower BMI (20.87 ± 5.21) than their counterparts (p = 0.03). The median length of hospital stay was higher among severe DKA compared to moderate and mild cases (5.0, 4.5 and 4.0 days, respectively).

Conclusions

The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM is still high compared to developed countries; however, it is relatively lower than previous reports in Saudi Arabia. Immediate interventions, such as awareness campaigns, are vital to reduce the burden of this preventable health sequela among children with DM.
Distract, delay, disrupt: examples of manufactured doubt from five industries
Authors: Goldberg Rebecca F. , Vandenberg Laura N.
Published: July 2019

Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.
Seeing Cannibals
Authors: Higham Carol L.
Published: July 2019

Between 1790 and 1794, Spanish and English expeditions to Nootka Bay reported two very different accounts of cannibalistic activities among the Nuu-cha-nulth. The British vividly described cannibalistic practices, whereas the Spanish observers claimed that the Nootka no longer practiced cannibalism. Many historians and anthropologists use these reports to debate the existence or absence of cannibalism among native peoples in the Pacific Northwest. This article argues that the differences reveal more about European concepts of race, culture, and society than whether cannibalism existed on the Northwest Coast. These differences capture the transition from past interpretations to Enlightenment ideals juxtaposed with national interests, highlighting how Spain and England saw their role in shaping the history of humanity.
“So Let Me Paint”
Authors: Walters Jordan Biro
Published: July 2019

This article explores the status of R.C. Gorman (Navajo) within the art community of San Francisco, California, in the 1960s. Using Gorman’s personal papers, the article addresses how his queer identity, Navajo heritage, and Native urbanization contributed to his production of world-renowned art. Gorman’s representation of strong Navajo women, which made him a universally recognized artist, stemmed from his own exploration of gender performativity and homoeroticism while living in an urban gay mecca. Moreover, Gorman’s use of both resources in the city and the southwestern Indian art market allowed him to forge a successful art career. A formative figure in the Native American Fine Art Movement, Gorman’s experiences in San Francisco suggest that indigenous creative practices challenged a dominant interpretation and construction of the inferiority of American Indians.
Economic Liberalization Impact, Fiscal Conditions, and Tax Ratio to Welfare
Authors: Johadi Johadi , Pribadi Kresno Sarosa , Daerobi Ahmad , Mulyani Nunung Sri
Published: July 2019

Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries
Altered methylation pattern of the SRD5A2 gene in the cerebrospinal fluid of post-finasteride patients: a pilot study
Authors: Melcangi Roberto Cosimo , Casarini Livio , Marino Marco , Santi Daniele , Sperduti Samantha , Giatti Silvia , Diviccaro Silvia , Grimoldi Maria , Caruso Donatella , Cavaletti Guido , Simoni Manuela
Published: July 2019

Context

Post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) occurs in patients with androgenic alopecia after suspension of the finasteride treatment, leading to a large variety of persistent side effects. Despite the severity of the clinical picture, the mechanism underlying the PFS symptoms onset and persistence is still unclear.

Objective

To study whether epigenetic modifications occur in PFS patients.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a multicentric, prospective, longitudinal, case–control clinical trial, enrolling 16 PFS patients, compared to 20 age-matched healthy men. Main outcomes were methylation pattern of SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 promoters and concentration of 11 neuroactive steroids, measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.

Results

SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 methylation analysis was performed in all blood samples (n = 16 PFS patients and n = 20 controls), in 16 CSF samples from PFS patients and in 13 CSF samples from controls. The SRD5A2 promoter was more frequently methylated in CSF of PFS patients compared to controls (56.3 vs 7.7%). No promoter methylation was detected in blood samples in both groups. No methylation occurred in the SRD5A1 promoter of both groups. Unmethylated controls compared to unmethylated SRD5A2 patients showed higher pregnenolone, dihydrotestosterone and dihydroprogesterone, together with lower testosterone CSF levels. Andrological and neurological assessments did not differ between methylated and unmethylated subjects.

Conclusions

For the first time, we demonstrate a tissue-specific methylation pattern of SRD5A2 promoter in PFS patients. Although we cannot conclude whether this pattern is prenatally established or induced by finasteride treatment, it could represent an important mechanism of neuroactive steroid levels and behavioural disturbances previously described in PFS.
Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasias: manifestations and comparative outcomes
Authors: Felder S , Jann H , Arsenic R , Denecke T , Prasad V , Knappe-Drzikova B , Maasberg S , Wiedenmann B , Pavel M , Pascher A , Pape U F
Published: July 2019

Although gastric neuroendocrine neoplasias (gNEN) are an orphan disease, their incidence is rising. The heterogeneous clinical course powers the ongoing discussion of the most appropriate classification system and management. Prognostic relevance of proposed classifications was retrospectively analysed in 142 patients from a single tertiary referral centre. Baseline, management and survival data were acquired for statistical analyses. The distribution according to the clinicopathological typification was gNEN-1 (n = 86/60.6%), gNEN-2 (n = 7/4.9%), gNEN-3 (n = 24/16.9%) and gNEN-4 (n = 25/17.6%), while hypergastrinemia-associated gNEN-1 and -2 were all low-grade tumours (NET-G1/2), formerly termed sporadic gNEN-3 could be subdivided into gNEN-3 with grade 1 or 2 and gNEN-4 with grade 3 (NEC-G3). During follow-up 36 patients died (25%). The mean overall survival (OS) of all gNEN was 14.2 years. The OS differed statistically significant across all subgroups with either classification system. According to UICC 2017 TNM classification, OS differed for early and advanced stages, while WHO grading indicated poorer prognosis for NEC-G3. Cox regression analysis confirmed the independent prognostic validity of either classification system for survival. Particularly careful analysis of the clinical course of gNEN-1 (ECLomas, gastric carcinoids) confirmed their mostly benign, but recurrent and extremely slowly progressive behaviour with low risk of metastasis (7%) and an efficient long-term control by repetitive endoscopic procedures. Our study provides evidence for the validity of current classifications focusing on typing, grading and staging. These are crucial tools for risk stratification, especially to differentiate gNEN-1 as well as sporadic gNET and gNEC (gNEN-3 vs -4).
Análise imagolóxica do discurso narrativo do personaxe cadalsiano Gazel en Cartas marruecas
Authors: Caamaño Pérez Laura
Published: July 2019

Ofrécese, partindo dos estudos literarios comparados e centrándonos na análise imagolóxica, unha reflexión sobre o discurso narrativo do personaxe “Gazel Ben-Aly”, un dos protagonistas de Cartas marruecas, da autoría de José Cadalso, por considerar que se trata dunha das obras literarias máis relevantes da Ilustración española.
Achegamento á literatura infantil galega dende unha perspectiva ecocrítica
Authors: Agrelo Costas Eulalia
Published: July 2019

Neste traballo evidénciase a capacidade da literatura infantil para formar a nenez nos valores vinculados co universalismo, que se consideran imprescindibles para a preservación do medio ambiente e mesmo harmonizar a relación entre os seres humanos e a natureza. Dende estes parámetros, faise unha achega á ecocrítica que intercomunica ecoloxía e literatura e realízase un breve repaso por aquelas obras da literatura infantil galega que impulsan unha ideoloxía ecolóxica entre o seu lectorado.
Derecho del mar y manejo marino-costero en Costa Rica
Authors: Murillo Carlos
Published: July 2019

La relación entre el ser humano y el mar se ha dado a todo lo largo de la historia y en los últimos años ha adquirido una rele-vancia particular por los problemas ambientales y las regulacio-nes internacionales y nacionales sobre el mar y el espacio mari-no-costero. Estas regulaciones tuvieron un gran impulso con la adopción en 1982 de la Convención sobre el derecho del mar, que estableció una serie de compromisos y deberes para los estados ribereños en materia de protección del recurso marino. Este artí-culo reseña brevemente la evolución del derecho del mar, evalúa el aporte y la participación costarricenses en ese ámbito, analiza las disposiciones sobre la relación marino-costera –especialmen-te en Costa Rica- y las obligaciones de los estados ribereños en la implementación de normas que garanticen la protección y la conservación de los recursos en ese espacio a fin de acercarse a la administración ambientalmente sostenible de las zonas costeras, reconociendo el rol fundamental de la cooperación internacional y los enfoques regionales.
Desafíos de planificación para el desarrollo turístico costero
Authors: Sánchez Alberto
Published: July 2019

Se describe los desafíos actuales de la planificación en la zona costera haciendo énfasis en el caos y la anarquía exis-tentes en los litorales a pesar de la existencia de la ley 6.043 sobre la zona marítimo-terrestre. Además, se estructura la estrategia de ordenamiento nacional con requerimientos de calidad y sostenibilidad tanto como sus relaciones con el nivel regional y local. En la planeación nacional se llama la atención sobre la importancia de la consecuencia de lineamientos vinculantes entre niveles para el cumplimien-to del Plan Nacional de Turismo Sostenible 2002-2012 pun-tualizando en los argumentos que justifican la elaboración de planes reguladores integrales por centros de desarrollo. Finalmente, se menciona la funcionalidad del bosque coste-ro del estado para garantizar paisajes turísticos del futuro y la problemática actual de determinación de esos límites por la autoridad de los recursos naturales.
Riesgos ambientales de la nanotecnología: nanopartículas y nanoestructuras
Authors: Delgado Gean Carlo
Published: July 2019

La nanotecnología, que manipula la materia a la milmillonésima de metro, es asumida como uno de los frentes tecnológicos del siglo XXI de mayores expectativas e implicaciones. Por el momento, el grueso de avances se centran en el desarrollo de novedosos nanomateriales para uso diverso. Las propiedades únicas de las nanopartículas y nanoestructuras que los componen sugieren potenciales implicaciones ambientales y sobre la vida debido a lo incierto de sus interacciones y efectos. Cómo se está asumiendo, evaluando, confrontando y distribuyendo el riesgo ambiental de la nanotecnología son aspectos objeto de esta reflexión.
Effect of acidic environment and intracanal medicament on push-out bond strength of biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate plus: an in vitro study
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Nanda Zinnie , Deore Rahul , Gandhi Amit
Published: July 2019

Introduction. This in-vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of acidic environment and intracanal medicament on push out bond strength of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Plus (MTA Plus)

Method. Forty extracted single rooted teeth were sectioned below the cement-enamel junction. The root canals were instrumented using rotary files and then peeso reamer was used to obtain standardized root canal dimension. Specimens were randomly classified into following groups- Group 1: calcium hydroxide in the absence of acidic environment; Group 2: calcium hydroxide in the presence of acidic environment; Group 3: no intracanal medicament in the absence of acidic environment; Group 4: no intracanal medicament in the presence of acidic environment. Specimens were kept for 7 days at room temperature. Thereafter, specimens of each group were transversely sectioned into 1 mm thick slices and divided into 2 sub-groups according to the use of biodentine and MTA Plus. Using Universal Testing Machine, push out bond strength test was carried out and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results. There was no statistically significant difference  in the bond strength of biodentine and MTA Plus (P>0.05). For both MTA Plus and biodentine, with or without calcium hydroxide, the push out bond strength was less in acidic environment and this difference was more pronounced without calcium hydroxide. In all the four groups, MTA plus showed comparable bond strength to biodentine.

Conclusion. MTA Plus is a viable option for apexification. The push out bond strength of Biodentine and MTA Plus is impaired by acidic environment. Prior application of calcium hydroxide slightly increased the bond strength, though the difference was statistically  insignificant.
Comparing patient safety culture in Bulgarian, Croatian and American hospitals – preliminary results
Authors: Stoyanova Rumyana , Dimova Rositsa , Tarnovska Miglena , Boeva Tatyana , Dimov Rosen , Doykov Ilian
Published: July 2019

Background and aims. Patient safety culture (PSC) is an essential component of the quality of healthcare. Improving PSC is considered a priority in many developed countries. A specialized software platform for registration and evaluation of hospital patient safety culture has been developed with the support of the Medical University Plovdiv Project №11/2017.

The aim of the study is to assess the status of PSC in Bulgarian hospitals and to compare it to that in USA and Croatian hospitals.

Methods. The study was conducted from June 01 to July 31, 2018 using the web-based Bulgarian Version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (B-HSOPSC). Two hundred and forty-eight medical professionals from different hospitals in Bulgaria participated in the study. In order to quantify the differences of positive scores distributions for each of the 42 HSOPSC items between Bulgarian, Croatian and USA samples, the χ2-test was applied. The research hypothesis assumed that there were no significant differences between the Bulgarian, Croatian and US PSCs.

Results. The results revealed 14 significant differences in the positive scores between the Bulgarian and Croatian PSCs and 15 between the Bulgarian and the USA PSC, respectively. Bulgarian medical professionals provided less positive responses to 12 items compared with Croatian and USA respondents. The Bulgarian respondents were more positive compared to Croatians on the feedback and communication of medical errors (Items - C1, C4, C5) as well as on the employment of locum staff (A7) and the frequency of reported mistakes (D1). Bulgarian medical professionals were more positive compared with their USA colleagues on the communication of information at shift handover and across hospital units (F5, F7). The distribution of positive scores on items: “Staff worry that their mistakes are kept in their personnel file” (RA16), “Things ‘fall between the cracks’ when transferring patients from one unit to another” (RF3) and “Shift handovers are problematic for patients in this hospital” (RF11) were significantly higher among Bulgarian respondents compared with Croatian and US respondents.

Conclusions. Significant differences of positive scores distribution were found between Bulgarian and USA PSC on one hand and between Bulgarian and Croatian on the other. The study reveals that distribution of positive responses could be explained by the cultural, organizational and healthcare system differences.
Advanced glycation end products in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Timercan Tatiana , Șveț Inna , Pantea Valeriana , Ambros Ala , Lîsîi Leonid
Published: July 2019

Background. Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine that can produce diffuse myocardial necrosis at high doses. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, including acute coronary syndrome. The purpose of the study was to determine the changes of serum and tissue AGE content in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction and to assess their informational character in the early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of disease.

Methods. Forty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: sham (L1=11), control 0.9% NaCl (L2=11), and with experimental myocardial infarction (L3=6, L4=6; L5=6), induced by the subcutaneous injection of Isoproterenol Hydrochloride solution 100 mg/kg, and sacrificed over 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post infarction. The results were presented by median and interquartile range. The groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated (SPSS 23.0).

Results. A decrease of AGE serum levels in L3 were identified, followed by a significant increase in L4, the trend maintained in L5, which significantly exceeded the values in sham and control groups. In the homogenate, AGEs presented an elevation in L3, with a relevant decrease in L4, and an inconsistent increase in L5 compared to sham and control groups.

Conclusion. The collected data suggest the utility of AGE assessment in early diagnosis and risk stratification in acute myocardial infarction.
Gross alpha and beta activities in drinking water from Goiás state, Brazil
Authors: Mingote Raquel Maia , Nogueira Regina Apolinária , Da Costa Heliana Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Detection of gross alpha and beta radioactivity is important for a quick surveying of both natural and anthropogenic radioactivity in water. Furthermore, gross alpha and gross beta parameters are included in Brazilian legislation on quality of drinking water. In this work, a low background liquid scintillation spectrometer was used to simultaneously determine gross alpha and gross beta in samples of the public water supplies in the state of Goiás, Brazil, during 2010-2015. Sample preparation involved evaporation to concentrate the sample ten-fold. The results indicate that the water meets the radioactivity standards required by the regulations MS 2914/2011 of the Brazilian Department of Health. Concerning the high level of censored observations, a statistical treatment of data was conducted by using analysis methods of censored data to provide a reference value of the gross alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water from the state of Goiás. The estimated typical activities are very low, 0.030 Bq.L-1 and 0.058 Bq.L-1, for gross alpha and gross beta, respectively.
Fricke Dosimetry as a Tool to Quality Control of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: SANTOS SUZANA OLIVEIRA , Souza Vivianne L. B.
Published: July 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the association of a photosensitizing agent with a light source in order to cause cellular necrosis. Methylene blue, toluidine blue and malachite green are photosensitizers derived from dyes that are widely accepted in medicine, as they have low toxicity and are low cost. PDT is an alternative treatment for cancer, with significant advantages over procedures such as surgery/chemotherapy. Our laboratory has studied the Fricke solution doped with photosensitizers in an approach to obtain a quality control for PDT. The Fricke solution was prepared with ammoniacal ferrous sulfate, sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in water. The solutions modified with photosensitizers were prepared by adding 0.1 g/100 mL of the dyes. A volume of 2.6 ml of the Fricke solution modified with photosensitizers were transferred to test tubes and irradiated. The irradiated solutions had their optical densities measured in a spectrophotometer. The samples were irradiated with LED (Light Emitting Diodes) in acrylic phantoms. The FATA samples irradiated with LED showed the sensitivity of the dosimeters to red, blue, green and yellow light. A calibration curve with correlation coefficient of 0.9884 for the red light was obtained; 0.9752 for blue light; 0.9644 for the green light and 0.9768 for the yellow light. The fact that a sensitivity of the dosimeters to the LED has been occurred indicates that the PDT could be realized with LED, with lower costs than with laser. This work suggested that FATA dosimeters can be used for quality control of PDT.
Radiation hazard indices in the application of phosphogypsum mixtures as a building material: proposal for a Brazilian regulation
Authors: Máduar Marcelo Francis , Mazzilli Barbara Paci , Nisti Marcelo Bessa
Published: July 2019

Phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product from the phosphoric acid industry, is being worldwide stockpiled, posing environmental problems. Viability of the PG safe re-use in civil construction has been studied, as PG can contain natural radionuclides in significant concentrations. We propose a policy for using PG as a building material, limiting the total concentration of 226Ra plus 228Ra by mixing PG with natural gypsum. It was concluded that PG from the largest Brazilian deposits could be used without any dilution, when the sum of the activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra does not exceed 150 Bq kg-1. For higher values, the approach is to mix PG with increasing amounts of natural gypsum, so that the final concentration does not exceed 1000 Bq kg-1. We show that PG re-use in such a way is feasible in terms of radiological protection and recommended to minimize PG piles environmental impact
Preclinical dosimetric evaluation of Ixolaris labeled with 99mTc and Translacional Model
Authors: Soriano Figueiredo Sarah , Lopes Sérgio , Barboza Thiago , De Sá Lidia
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the biokinetic model for Ixolaris labelled with 99mTc radiotracer in mice by means of an imaging dosimetry method to estimate the absorbed and effective doses resulting from the diagnosis of melanoma and metastases in humans. C57BL6 mice induced animals with cell line B16-F10 murine melanoma were tested. It was determined by Single Photon Emission Tomography Computed (SPECT) images a latency period of 15 to 21 days for the development of lung metastasis in mice. The 99mTc-Ixolaris radiopharmaceutical was intravenously administered in a caudal vein, and SPECT images were acquired approximately at 0.5 h, 1.5 h, 2.5 h, 3.5 h and 24 h post-administration for analysis and biodistribution quantification. The biokinetic model was determined and cumulative activity to estimate the absorbed dose in each organ was calculated. The mass and metabolic differences between mice and humans were considered and used to extrapolate the data for different scales. Absorbed doses in irradiated target organs were calculated for the source organs based on dose factors provided by the software MIRDOSE and Olinda/EXM (S factor). Afterwards, the effective doses were estimated. The metabolic differences were 7,02 in this study. The dosimetric results indicated an estimated effective dose of 4.3 mSv for diagnostic exams conducted in human melanoma patients for an administered activity of 25.7 MBq. Comparing with effective doses resulting from other 99mTc diagnostic techniques, effective dose ranging from 0.6 to 4.8 mSv it was concluded that the procedure should proceed into a Clinical Phase in humans.
Response verification of integrated device used for radon measurements in air
Authors: AÏT-ZIANE Mounir , ALLAB Malika , LOUNS-MOKRANI Zohra
Published: July 2019

In order to establish the national radon level according to the ICRP recommendations, radon levels should be estimated in different living environments (dwellings, workplaces, hospitals, etc.). A particular attention should be given to the correctness of the radon concentration measurement devices in order to maintain their traceability to primary standard laboratory. Radon monitor systems have thus been calibrated using a NIST standard source which is considered as an important step in standardizing radon measurement methods.In this paper, we describe the system used in our laboratory for the verification against radon response of different radon monitors such as Electret Ion Chamber (EIC) and AlphaGUARD continuous radon monitor (AG), and then we present comparison between these two measurements devices used in some locations at the Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d’Alger (CRNA). As results, EIC system produces results comparable to those produces by the AG system.
Legalizing Unofficial (Sirri) Marriage For Indonesian Migrant Workers In Malaysia
Authors: Faizin Afwan , Alfitra Alfitra , Mansur Ali
Published: July 2019

Abstracts:In recent decades, there has been a massive influx of Indonesian migrant workers or TKI (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia) in Malaysia, both legally and illegally. Unfortunately, both the legal and illegal migrant workers faced unofficial (sirri) marriage problems and their children. This study will analyze the legalization process for the Indonesian migrant worker marriage in Malaysia. The research was done in the region of Peninsular Malaysia, using qualitative research method. The result shows that the legalization process faced some obstacles such as; (1) Malaysian regulation which forbid marriage while under working contract for migrant workers; (2) The difficulty to fulfill the requirements for itsbat nikah (legalizing marriage) because of the distance factor to the Indonesian embassy, hard to get the leaving permit from the employer, and the strict administration for the itsbat nikah program such as the requirements of reference that the applicant has not been married yet in their place of  origin.The sirri marriage that is performed by TKI in Malaysia caused many problems such as the one regarding the status of their children’s nationality.  They can not be documented by giving them birth certificates, passport, and other documents. Also, their rights are unprotected by the law. This study will have implications on Indonesian government’s policy regarding the protection of TKI’s rights and his family.Keywords: Sirri Marriage, chidren status, Indonesian migrant workers, itsbat nikah Abstrak:Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, telah terjadi gelombang besar pekerja migran Indonesia atau TKI (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia) di Malaysia, baik secara legal maupun ilegal. Sayangnya, baik pekerja migran legal maupun ilegal menghadapi masalah perkawinan tidak resmi (sirri) dan anak-anak mereka. Studi ini akan menganalisis proses legalisasi perkawinan pekerja migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Semenanjung Malaysia, menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses legalisasi menghadapi beberapa kendala seperti; (1) Peraturan Malaysia yang melarang pernikahan saat berada di bawah kontrak kerja untuk pekerja migran; (2) Kesulitan untuk memenuhi persyaratan untuk itsbat nikah (melegalkan pernikahan) karena faktor jarak ke kedutaan Indonesia, sulit untuk mendapatkan izin cuti dari majikan, dan administrasi yang ketat untuk program itsbat nikah seperti persyaratan referensi bahwa pelamar belum menikah di tempat asal mereka. Pernikahan sirri yang dilakukan oleh TKI di Malaysia menyebabkan banyak masalah seperti yang menyangkut status kewarganegaraan anak-anak mereka. Mereka tidak dapat didokumentasikan dengan memberi mereka akta kelahiran, paspor, dan dokumen lainnya. Juga, hak-hak mereka tidak dilindungi oleh hukum. Studi ini akan memiliki implikasi pada kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia mengenai perlindungan hak TKI dan keluarganya.Kata kunci: Pernikahan Sirri, status anak, pekerja migran Indonesia, itsbat nikah
The Implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2012 concerning Limitation Adjustment of Mild Criminal Offenses and Amount of Fines in the Criminal Code Towards Handling of Minor Crime Cases
Authors: Fajar Abbas Sofwan Matlail , Rambe Mara Sutan
Published: July 2019

Abstract:The case of theft with a small value of goods which is now being tried in court is quite under public’s spotlight, public are generally considering that it is very unfair if the cases are threatened with a penalty of 5 (five) years as determined in article 362 of the Criminal Code. Since the punishment is not comparable to the value of the stolen goods, these cases have also encumbered the court, both in terms of the budget and public perceptions of the court. After analyzing the problem, the authors concluded that the application of PERMA Number 2 of 2012 as for Adjustment of Light Crime Limits and the Amount of Mulcts in the Criminal Code has not been used as a Court or Judge as a material consideration or a reference to decide criminal acts whose goods value is below IDR 2,500,000.00 (two million five hundred thousand rupiah).Keywords: Supreme Court Regulations, Mild Crimes, Fines Abstrak:Banyaknya perkara-perkara pencurian dengan nilai barang yang kecil yang kini diadili di pengadilan cukup mendapat sorotan masyarakat, masyarakat umumnya menilai bahwa sangatlah tidak adil jika perkara-perkara tersebut diancam dengan ancaman hukuman 5 (lima) tahun sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 362 KUHP. Oleh karena tidak sebanding dengan nilai barang yang dicurinya, perkara-perkara tersebut juga telah membebani pengadilan, baik dari segi anggaran maupun dari segi persepsi publik terhadap pengadilan. Setelah menganalisa permasalahan penulis berkesimpulan bahwa penerapan PERMA Nomor  2 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak Pidana Ringan dan Jumlah Denda dalam KUHP belum dijadikan Pengadilan/Hakim sebagai bahan pertimbangan ataupun acuan untuk memutus tindak pidana yang nilai barangnya di bawah Rp. 2.500.000,00 (dua juta lima ratus ribu rupiah).Kata Kunci: Peraturan Mahkamah Agung, Tindak Pidana Ringan, Denda
Al-Qur’an dan Relasi Antar Umat Beragama; Diskursus Tentang Pendidikan Pluralisme Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana
Published: July 2019

Abstract:The issue of diversity in religion is a social fact that has continued to experience conflict shocks lately. Not without reason, the conflict occurred on the grounds of sentiment towards other religions. This has an impact on the disruption of the stability of relations between religious groups. The discourse of religious pluralism is an alternative in overcoming this problem. Grounding religious pluralism is the right effort by not injuring religious values. Islam actually provides a clear explanation in the Koran about building a tolerant relationship in religion. This article will explain and provide an explanation of Islamic values in the Qur'an as an effort to develop religious pluralism that needs to be represented in a plural social context. It is hoped that with this, the harmony between religious people will be realized. Besides that, as a concrete follow-up, an education process is needed about the importance of tolerance in religion.Keywords: Qur'an, Tolerance, Religious Pluralism, Harmony AbstrakIsu keberagaman dalam beragama menjadi fakta sosial yang terus mengalami guncangan konflik belakangan ini. Bukan tanpa alasan, konflik tersebut terjadidengan alasan sentimen terhadap agama lain. Hal ini berdampak pada terganggunya stabilitas hubungan antar umat beragama. Wacana pluralisme agama menjadi alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Membumikan pluralisme agama merupakan upaya yang tepat dengan tidak menciderai nilai-nilai agama. Islam sejatinya hadir memberikan penjelasan yang gamblang didalam Alquran tentang membangun hubungan yang toleran dalam beragama. Tulisan ini akan memaparkan sekaligus memberikan penjelasan nilai-nilai keislaman yang ada dalam Alquran sebagai upaya mengembangkan pluralisme agama yang perlu direpresentasikan dalam konteks sosial yang plural. Diharapkan dengannya, akan terwujud kerukunan antar umat beragama.Selain itu, sebagai tindak lanjut yang konkrit dibutuhkan proses edukasi tentang pentingnya toleransi dalam beragama.  Kata Kunci: Alquran, Toleransi, Pluralisme Agama, Kerukunan
Humanisme Waris Dalam Islam
Authors: Wahyuni Afidah
Published: July 2019

Abstract:The inheritance system in Islam reaps several differences of opinion, especially when faced with the values of religious humanism such as the value of brotherhood, freedom and equality. Differences of opinion are more visible in the concept of inheritance between men and women, 2: 1. However, in terms of humanism, justice cannot be separated from human life. Whereas Islam itself has its own meaning about justice; that fair does not always have to be the same. Therefore, the concept of 2: 1 between male and female heirs in Islamic law is not a form of injustice. This is due to the factors behind the development. One of them is the difference in the roles of men and women in family life. Where women get a living, while getting inheritance rights. Whereas men get inheritance rights, but still have to support the women who are in their dependents.Keywords: Inheritance Law, Inheritance Humanism, Islamic Law Abstrak:Sistem waris dalam Islam memang menuai beberapa perbedaan pendapat, apalagi bila dihadapkan pada nilai-nilai humanisme religius seperti nilai persaudaraan, kebebasan, dan persamaan. Perbedaan pendapat lebih terlihat pada konsep pembagian waris antara laki-laki dan perempuan, 2:1. Namun demikian, dalam paham humanisme, keadilan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Sedangkan Islam sendiri memiliki makna tersendiri tentang keadilan; bahwa adil tidak selalu harus sama. Oleh karena itu, konsep 2:1 antara ahli waris laki-laki dan perempuan dalam syariat Islam, bukan suatu bentuk ketidakadilan. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya faktor yang melatarbelakangi pembangian tersebut. Salah satunya ialah perbedaan peran laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan keluarga. Dimana perempuan mendapat nafkah, sekaligus mendapat hak warisan. Sedangkan laki-laki mendapat hak warisan, namun masih harus menafkahi kaum perempuan yang berada di dalam tanggungannya.Kata Kunci: hukum waris, humanisme waris, hukum Islam
Perspektif Ibnu Khaldun Tentang Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Fajar Abbas Sofwan Matlail
Published: July 2019

Abstract.According to Ibn Khaldun, the paradigm of social change starts from people who have been forged with a hard life, poverty and full of struggle. Nomadic society (badawah, badui, wanderer, rural, village) is the initial social organization. They are sufficient to fulfill their primary needs. If these basic needs have been met, then they seek luxury, live well. Then there is urbanization (civilization), urbanization. Ethically the nomadic group is bolder, better than the city population. Urban social conditions form a tendency to act corruptly. From an ethical perspective, the process of urbanization is degradative. The desire to live with prosperity and be free from the hardships of life coupled with ‘Ashabiyyah among them makes them strive to realize their dreams with a hard struggle. The dream that was achieved then gave rise to a new civilization. The emergence of this new civilization is also usually followed by the decline of another civilization. These stages are then repeated again, and so on until this theory is known as the Cycle Theory.Keywords: Social Change, Ibn Khaldun, Society AbstrakMenurut Ibn Khaldun, paradigma perubahan sosial dimulai dari masyarakat yang telah ditempa dengan kehidupan keras, kemiskinan dan penuh perjuangan. Masyarakat nomadik (badawah, badui, pengembara, rural, desa) adalah organisasi sosial awal. Mereka mencukupkan diri memenuhi kebutuhan primer mereka. Jika kebutuhan mendasar ini sudah terpenuhi, barulah mereka mencari kemewahan, hidup enak. Kemudian berlangsunglah urbanisasi (tamadun), peng-kotaan. Secara etis golongan pengembara lebih berani, lebih baik dibandingkan penduduk kota. Kondisi sosial perkotaan membentuk kecenderungan untuk bertindak korup. Dari sisi etis, proses urbanisasi adalah degradatif. Keinginan hidup dengan makmur dan terbebas dari kesusahan hidup ditambah dengan ‘Ashabiyyah di antara mereka membuat mereka berusaha keras untuk mewujudkan cita-cita mereka dengan perjuangan yang keras. Impian yang tercapai kemudian memunculkan sebuah peradaban baru. Kemunculan peradaban baru ini pula biasanya diikuti dengan kemunduran suatu peradaban lain. Tahapan-tahapan tersebut kemudian terulang lagi, dan begitulah seterusnya hingga teori ini dikenal dengan Teori Siklus.Kata Kunci: Perubahan Sosial, Ibn Khaldun, Masyarakat
Studi Etnografi Dalam Kerangka Masyarakat Dan Budaya
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommunities with all their cultures have quite strong sociological roots. Culture that results from social interaction makes a distinctive value in that society. The forerunner of culture is an important aspect in the social framework. Research on this aspect of culture uses ethnographic studies. In its implementation ethnography emphasizes the existing aspects of culture. This is an important feature of ethnographic studies. As ethnographic qualitative research conducts in-depth analysis of the culture under study. On the other hand, there is a fairly close link between ethnography and society and culture as a result of their creativity. Therefore, this linkage needs to be applied positively, where it is necessary to use ethnographic studies as an alternative form of conducting research on culture in the community.Keywords: Ethnography, Culture, Society AbstrakMasyarakat dengan segala kebudayaannya memiliki akar sosiologis yang cukup mengakar kuat. Kebudayaan yang dihasilkan dari interaksi sosial menjadikan nilai distingsi tersendiri dalam masyarakat tersebut. Cikal bakal kebudayaan merupakan aspek penting dalam kerangka sosial kemasyarakatan. Penelitian akan aspek kebudayaan ini menggunakan studi etnografi. Dalam implementasinya etnografi menekankan pada aspek kebudayaan yang ada. Hal inilah menjadi ciri penting dari studi etnografi. Sebagai penelitian kualitatif etnografi melakukan analisa secara mendalam terhadap kebudayaan yang diteliti. Disisi lain, terdapat keterkaitan yang cukup erat antara etnografi dengan masyarakat dan kebudayaan sebagai hasil kreatifitasnya. Oleh sebab itu, keterkaitan tersebut perlu diaplikasikan secara positif, di mana perlunya menggunakan studi etnografi sebagai bentuk alternatif dalam melaksanakan penelitian tentang kebudayaan di masyarakat.  Kata Kunci: Etnografi, Kebudayaan, Masyarakat
Relevansi Agama dan Kemiskinan; Upaya Memahami Kemiskinan Secara Multidimensional dan Solusi yang Ditawarkan dalam Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Melis Melis
Published: July 2019

AbstractIslam has warned its people not to be unemployed so that it slips into poverty because it is feared that with poverty someone will do anything, including harming others to meet their needs. There is a hadith which says "Poverty will bring closer to disbelief." The fact shows that the unemployment rate in a country with a majority Muslim population is relatively high. Increasing people's understanding of unemployment as a bad thing, both for individuals, society and the state will increase motivation to work more seriously. Even though God promises to bear our sustenance, it does not mean without any conditions that need to be fulfilled. The most important requirement is to try to find the promised sustenance because Almighty God has created a "system" that is whoever works will get sustenance and whoever sits will lose a fortune. That is, there is a process that must be passed to get sustenance.Keywords: Religion, Poverty, Solutions, Islamic Economy AbstrakIslam telah memperingatkan umatnya agar tidak menganggur sehingga tergelincir ke jurang kemiskinan, karena dikhawatirkan dengan kemiskinan seseorang akan melakukan apa saja, termasuk merugikan orang lain demi memenuhi kebutuhan dirinya. Ada sebuah hadis yang mengatakan "Kemiskinan akan membawa lebih dekat kepada kekafiran." Fakta menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran di negara yang berpopulasi mayoritas muslim relatif tinggi. Meningkatnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pengangguran sebagai hal yang buruk, baik bagi individu, masyarakat maupun negara akan meningkatkan motivasi untuk bekerja lebih serius. Meskipun Tuhan berjanji untuk menanggung rezeki kita semua, tetapi itu tidak berarti tanpa persyaratan apa pun yang perlu dipenuhi. Syarat yang paling penting adalah harus berusaha menemukan rezeki yang dijanjikan itu, karena Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa telah menciptakan "sistem" yaitu siapapun yang bekerja maka akan mendapatkan rezeki dan siapa pun yang duduk maka akan kehilangan rezeki. Artinya, ada proses yang harus dilalui untuk mendapatkan rezeki.Kata kunci: Agama, Kemiskinan, Solusi, Ekonomi Islam