bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive and Non-invasive Clinical Haemophilus influenzae Type A Isolates Activate Differentiated HL-60 Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ferris Courtney , Ulanova Marina
Published: April 2024

Background: The effective elimination of encapsulated bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) relies on immune mechanisms such as complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils in coordination with opsonization by anti-capsular antibodies. This study evaluated if Hia could activate the immune response through neutrophils and if these responses differed between encapsulated versus unencapsulated or invasive versus non-invasive strains.
Methods: HL-60-derived neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60), differentiated with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide over 9 days, were used in an opsonophagocytosis assay and in vitro infection model to measure Hia’s susceptibility to killing and dHL-60 surface molecule expression, respectively. The impact of strain-specific features on the immune response was investigated using clinical isolates of a dominant North American sequence type (ST)-23, including Hia 11-139 (encapsulated, invasive), 14-61 (encapsulated, non-invasive), 13-0074 (unencapsulated, invasive), as well as a representative ST-4 isolate (Hia 13-240, encapsulated, invasive), and a nontypeable strain (NTHi 375, unencapsulated, non-invasive).
Results: Unencapsulated and non-invasive Hi strains were more susceptible to killing by the innate immune response while the ST-23 invasive strain, Hia 11-139 required serum antibodies for destruction. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased expression of co-stimulatory molecule ICAM-1 and Fc receptors (CD89, CD64) but decreased expression of the Fc receptor CD16, revealing potential mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated defense against Hia that extend to both non-invasive and invasive strains.
Conclusions: Hia clinical isolates with diverse pathogenicity illustrated contrasting susceptibility to killing by immune mechanisms while maintaining the same capacity to activate neutrophil-like cells, further underscoring the need for additional studies on Hia’s pathogenesis.
In Vitro Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Nanofibrillated Cellulose as an Injectable Biomaterial for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Substitute
Authors: Prihartini Widiyanti  , Yurituna Firda  , Aminatun  , Herry Wibowo
Published: April 2024

Highlights:1. Novel synthetic biopolymer hydrogels were successfully prepared from pristine poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) using the photopolymerization method.2. PEGDMA-NFC biocomposite hydrogel can be developed as an affordable biomaterial for herniated nucleus pulposus substitute, with the potential to meet clinical application standards.
Abstract
Herniated nucleus pulposus develops when the intervertebral disc portudes through the annulus fibrosus due to the rupture of the annulus fibrosus or a decrease in proteoglycans. Hydrogel implant material can be injected into the disc space to restore disc thickness caused by disc degeneration with minimal invasiveness. This study aimed to characterize poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-nanofibrillated cellulose (PEGDMA-NFC) in vitro as a potential biomaterial for herniated nucleus pulposus substitute. This study utilized PEGDMA-NFC to treat first-degree herniated nucleus pulposus using the photopolymerization method. PEGDMA was selected because of its hydrophilic ability to produce hydrogel. The addition of NFC to the PEGDMA precursor was expected to show mechanical properties as a hydrogel bio composite candidate. The characterization of PEGDMA-NFC was conducted using three tests: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity assessment, and an in vitro injection testing model. The normal distribution of the data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, while the homogeneity was assessed using Levene's test. Homogenous and normally distributed data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of <0.05. The explored concentrations of PEGDMA-NFC included a ratio of 1:0 for the control samples and ratios of 1:0.5 (K1), 1:0.75 (K2), and 1:1 (K3) for the experimental samples. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in PEGDMA-NFC, indicating its potential classification as a hydrogel biomaterial. The characterization data showed that the K3 sample yielded the most favourable outcome with a viscosity value of 74.67 dPa·s. From the in vitro injection testing result, the addition of NFC demonstrated that the hydrogel would not rupture when released from the mold. The hydrogel could be injected with an 18 gauge needle. The statistical analysis results showed a significant difference among the samples (p<0.05). This study concludes that the PEGDMA-NFC hydrogel biocomposite can be effectively applied in herniated nucleus pulposus cases.
Significant Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in the Clinical Activity Score of Thyroid Eye Disease at a Tertiary Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Hasna Shahida Amatlulloh  , Delfitri Lutfi  , Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo  , Reni Prastyani  , Muhammad Valeri Alhakiim
Published: April 2024

Highlights:1. This study, conducted at a tertiary hospital, was the first to analyze the correlation between thyroid status and clinical activity score in thyroid eye disease.2. This study offers valuable information regarding the crucial role of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in determining the clinical activity score of thyroid eye disease.
 
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the orbital and periorbital tissues. This condition can lead to vision impairment, which is a notable manifestation of thyroid disease. The symptoms of thyroid disease reflected the level of inflammatory activity, whereas the clinical activity score was indicative of active and inactive phases. This retrospective analysis explored the intricate association between thyroid status and clinical activity score in thyroid eye disease patients, with the hope of providing a foundation for further research on the association between thyroid status and the occurrence of TED. This study utilized medical records from the years 2019 to 2022 from the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmic Oncology of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The variables examined in this study were thyroid status and the clinical activity score of thyroid eye disease. The statistical analysis was performed using Phi and Cramer’s V as well as Spearman's correlation test (p<0.05). A total of 88 patients were diagnosed with thyroid eye disease during the study period. Thyroid eye disease primarily affected female patients (58%) and those who had a mean age of ≥41 years (58%). The Phi and Cramer’s V analyses indicated no significant association (p > 0.05) between thyroid status and clinical activity score in thyroid eye disease patients. Intriguingly, the results exhibited the presence of euthyroidism as well as both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, regardless of the clinical activity score. Additionally, the Spearman test that incorporated the levels of thyroid hormones, i.e., triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4), showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between TSH and clinical activity score. In conclusion, THS plays a crucial role in determining the clinical activity score of thyroid eye disease patients. This study underscores the imperative for further research to comprehensively elucidate the intricate correlation between TSH and clinical activity score.
Creasing the British Museum: Topology Finding of Crease Patterns for Shell Structures
Authors: Oval Robin , Mesnil Romain , Mele Tom Van , Baverel Olivier , Block Philippe
Published: April 2024

Several structural systems rely on a specific hierarchy between their constitutive elements, which results in topological constraints on the feasible patterns that can describe them. Folded, corrugated, or creased surface structures require this bipartition, also called two-colouring,
between independent wavy and smooth directions. Finding a valid pattern for complex design problems is not straightforward and identifying relevant ones is important as creasing can either strengthen or weaken a structure. This paper presents a way of tackling such a design problem, by focusing
on the roof of the Great Courtyard of the British Museum, revisiting this structure with a creased shell to increase its bending stiffness in the key directions. The methodology includes two-colour topology finding of corrugated patterns, parametric structural analysis, and simple structural
optimisation through data analysis for topological combination, which opens new research avenues for performance-informed topological exploration.
Application of systems engineering methods in the process of teaching descriptive geometry
Authors: Borisenko I. G. , Dokshanin S. G.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The process of teaching university disciplines at the present stage can be considered as a single system composed of many individual elements, where each element influences the operation of this system. This influence can be analyzed using systems engineering methods.

Purpose setting. The discipline «Descriptive Geometry» is considered as a system. The goals and objectives of the system, the degree of interest in the creation of this project are determined.

Methodology and methods of the study. The article considers the methods of system engineering, with the help of which issues of the system life cycle were resolved.

Results. For the three tested groups studying the discipline «Descriptive Geometry», a different time distribution was established for the topics of the material being studied. It is shown that the use of systems analysis methods in the development of educational programs makes the learning process more perfect.

Conclusion. Systems engineering methods can be successfully used as a modern tool for analyzing the results of teaching technical disciplines and modernizing the educational process.
Methodology of teaching future teachers of informatics interactive network technologies
Authors: Qafarov A. A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. In article are stated progressive, vanguard to methodology of teaching of modern network technologies, including various electronic tutorials and the differentiated modular approach are considered.

Purpose setting. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to develop a special methodology for teaching modern network technologies using electronic learning tools.

Methodology and methods of the study. Use of the modular approach in the course of preparation of the future teachers of computer science allows to concern individually each pupil, in details to reveal level of its knowledge on all themes. Hence, such methodology gives the chance to define, what themes are poorly acquired to the pupil and what questions need to give more attention. For example, problems on calculation of quantity of the information, speed of reception and an information transfer are somewhat problematic for pupils. The decision of such problems should be accompanied reduction of the various real facts, showing transition schemes between information units. In these and other questions it is important to use modern electronic boards, projectors and other multimedia technologies for increase of interest of pupils.

Results. Modern network technologies play the important role in a daily life. Each person uses Internet-services, keeps in contact with the family, does various orders through the Internet. For the correct and universal organization of all planned tasks the knowledge of modern network technologies, both technical, and program is required. In this plan it is possible to reduce considerably time for the decision of those or other problems, to save material expenses on the decision of essential problems. So, scientific novelty of article consists of working out of essentially new technique of teaching of network technologies on the basis of the differentiated modular approach with application of electronic tutorials. Such technique has exclusive value in preparation of highly skilled experts and the future teachers of computer science.

Conclusion. It is very important to use various interactive means (an electronic board, the projectors, specially prepared presentations) for increase of presentation and level of interest of pupils. It is necessary to develop the modular approach with consecutive mastering of a teaching material and parallel testing of knowledge and abilities of pupils.
CRISPR/CAS Genome Editing Technology: Implications And Challenges
Authors: Nazir Taha , Islam Azharul , A. Mirza Hameed , Radwan Sahar , Taha Nida
Published: April 2024

Scientists can use the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 system, which is a powerful and flexible tool for changing the genome, to change only certain parts of the genome. This has helped researchers figure out how target genes work in biology and disease. CRISPR/Cas9 is made up of a sequence-specific CRISPR RNA (crRNA) set and a generic Cas9 nuclease. The crRNA set tells Cas9 where to cut DNA and cause double-strand breaks. In the next step of cellular DNA repair, insertions, deletions, and swaps are made at specific spots. For CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage to be specific, the target sequences must match the crRNA, and a protospacer nearby motif must be placed after the target sequences. In this article, we talk about how CRISPR/Cas9 works at the molecular level, what it can be used for, what it can't do, and what its future clinical treatment promise might be.
Cybersecurity & Data Privacy in Fintech
Authors: Karangara Rajath , Manta Otilia
Published: April 2024

With the fintech industry growing at an unprecedented rate, it is critical to protect cybersecurity and ensure data privacy. The research presented here offers a thorough examination of the challenges faced by financial technology companies, highlighting the growing risks posed by malware, phishing, and network vulnerabilities. As essential components of a proactive defense plan, the report promotes strong cybersecurity measures like frequent security assessments, encryption, and stringent access controls. The findings highlight how important it is for fintech companies to give cybersecurity equal importance with open and honest data privacy policies in order to win over customers. In order to protect the industry from cybersecurity risks regulatory compliance, intrusion detection systems, and collaborative information sharing are considered essential components. The article advises businesses to include cybersecurity and data privacy into their core business operations and customer relations, highlighting the critical role these factors play in sustaining success in the rapidly evolving fintech industry.
Pectus Carinatum, Small Pneumothorax, and Brugada Patterns: First Description and Pathophysiological Analysis
Authors: Bermejo Valdés Alejandro Jesús , Blanco Carmenates Carlos Manuel
Published: April 2024

We present a case report of a young patient with pectus carinatum who experienced a small right apex pneumothorax and exhibited Brugada patterns on electrocardiogram tracing. This is the first clinical case reporting Brugada pattern presentation in both a patient with pectus carinatum and a small pneumothorax. We conducted a clinical, anatomical, and electrocardiographic analysis to explore a physiopathological explanation for these findings, considering our patient had no history or clinical signs of Brugada Syndrome. We conclude that: 1. Pectus carinatum may create a window that facilitates the less resistive measurement of cardiac action potentials; 2. Small pneumothoraces can induce modifications in the cardiac electrical signal detected by surface electrodes, and pectus carinatum could unmask these modifications; and 3. Surface electrodes may measure subepicardial potentials that include and are modified by adjacent pericardial tissues, potentially resulting in alterations in transmural potential differences, thus producing fictitious Brugada patterns. Similarly, there is a possibility that the right ventricular outflow tract may be included within the subendocardial potentials.
Positional and Dimensional Tmj Changes Following the Use of Different Class II Correctors in a Sample of Erbil City [Randomized Clinical Trial]
Authors: Mohammedameen Rebin , Chawshli Omar fawzi
Published: April 2024

Due to the retrognathic mandible, an orthodontist frequently observes skeletal class II malocclusion in growing patients. The preferred technique for analyzing and monitoring the temporomandibular joint alterations caused by the functional device is magnetic resonance imaging [MRI].
The study aimed to assess and compare changes in the articular disc's dimension and location before and following the use of various class II correctors to correct the class II molar relation using MRI technology. Methods: 39 adolescent patients aged 15-23 years old [24 girls and 15 boys] who were diagnosed with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion based on clearly defined criteria underwent treatment with either the power scope II [PS], Sabbagh Advanced Repositioning Appliance [SARA] and or Dynaflex [DF] with fixed appliances. For fixed functional treatment, the average length of treatment was 5-7 months. The changes in the articular disc dimension and position and condylar position were assessed. The study was done at the Department of Orthodontics at the College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University in Erbil City.
Results: Group DF has a significant effect on the condylar position index and posterior joint space on the closed mouth and disc length on both open and close mouth techniques, and in the group SARA, disc position, and condylar position index on closed mouth technique have shown that significant differences were observed.
Conclusion: Class II malocclusions can be effectively corrected by fixed functional appliances. The statistical significance forward movement of the condyle in the glenoid fossa and the posterior movement of the articular disc concerning the condylar head was observed. The mechanism of action of functional appliances appears to include the forward migration of the C-GF complex.
Electronic Nose and GC-MS Analysis to Detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback in Mango (Mangifera indica) and Panama Disease (TR4) in Banana (Musa acuminata)
Authors: Ratnayake Wathsala , Bellgard Stanley E. , Wang Hao , Murthy Vinuthaa
Published: April 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from plants have been correlated with disease-status. Analysis of VOCs using GC-MS is time-consuming, laboratory-based, and requires specialist training. Electronic nose devices (E-nose) provide a portable alternative. Three different E-nose devices were compared to assess how accurately they could detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback and Panama disease in banana. The devices were initially trained on known volatiles, then pure cultures of Pantoea sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Fusarium odoratissimum, and finally, on infected and healthy mango leaves and field-collected, infected banana pseudo-stems. The experiments were repeated three times with six replicates for each host-pathogen pair. The variation between healthy and infected host materials was evaluated by principal component and linear discriminant analysis, cross-validation and chemometric data analysis. GC-MS analysis was conducted contemporaneously and identified an 80% similarity between healthy and infected plant material. The portable C 320 was 100% successful in discriminating known volatiles but had a low capability in differentiating healthy and infected plant substrates. The advanced devices (PEN 3 / MSEM 160) successfully detected healthy and diseased samples with a high variance. The results suggest that E-nose devices are more sensitive and accurate in detecting changes of VOCs between healthy and infected plants compared to headspace GC-MS.
Feasibility of Using SWIR Transformed Reflectance (STR) in Place of Surface Temperature (Ts) for the Mapping of Irrigated Landcover
Authors: Abuzar Mohammad , Sheffield Kathryn , McAllister Andy
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: A simple approach to map irrigated landcover has been introduced by using measures derived from optical spectral range as an alternative to thermal range. It has been demonstrated that substituting surface temperature (Ts, ‘thermal approach’) with SWIR transformed reflectance (STR, ‘optical approach’) to detect surface moisture is feasible with comparable results. (2) Methods: Using an iterative thresholding procedure to minimize within-class variance, the bilevel segmentation of variables derived from Landsat-8 representing surface moisture and vegetation cover was achieved for the 2020-21 summer for a key irrigation district in Australia. (3) Results: The results of irrigated landcover by optical approach found to be comparable with those by thermal approach. The classification accuracy was assessed using water delivery records at farm level. Though the overall accuracy is high in both cases, the optical approach (97.6%) performed slightly better than the thermal approach (93.9%). (4) Conclusions: The feasibility of using STR to map irrigated landcover has been confirmed by a high-level overall accuracy assessment. This has broader implications in terms of irrigated landcover assessment, as the use of satellite imagery in these applications may not necessarily be limited to microwave or thermal sensors.
Computational Intelligence Assisted Less-Expensive Privacy-Preserving Optimization in Audio-Video Content
Authors: Parnianifard Amir
Published: April 2024

This research study focuses on addressing practical optimization challenges in audio-visual content using advanced computational intelligence methods, with a specific emphasis on privacy-preserving issues. The research will be presented as a proposal and can be conducted based on the provided ideas. Computational intelligence encompasses various approaches, including evolutionary algorithms, learning methods, fuzzy systems, and neural networks, which have become essential tools for tackling complex engineering optimization problems due to computational expenses, dimensional complexities, and interdisciplinary integration. The research objectives include a thorough investigation of optimization challenges in audio-visual content, the delineation of problem characteristics, and the development of relevant methodologies based on these specifications. The main goals of the study, titled "Advanced Computational Intelligence Assisted Less-Expensive Privacy-Preserving Optimization," encompass the development of a metamodel-based learning algorithm integrated with evolutionary computation for privacy-preserving optimization, less-expensive signal watermarking optimization using hybrid metamodeling and evolutionary algorithms, and a closed-loop robust intelligent PID control system applied in real-time dynamic signal watermarking. Additional objectives may be defined as the research progresses and further background review is conducted.
Genetic Markers of Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Resistance in Moscow
Authors: Bodunova Natalia , Tsapkova Larisa , Polyakova Vera , Baratova Irina , Rumyantsev Konstantin , Dekhnich Natalia , Nikolskaya Karina , Chebotareva Margarita , Voynovan Irina , Parfenchikova Elena , Pronina Galina , Chernikova Ekaterina , Bordin Dmitry
Published: April 2024

The Maastricht VI/Florence consensus recommends, as one of the measures to enhance the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection eradication, a personalized treatment approach involving the selection of an antimicrobial agent based on the pre-determined resistance of H. pylori. To meet the need to develop test systems for personalized drug selection, we conducted a study of H. pylori molecular resistance in Moscow using a self-developed Sanger sequencing test platform. We validated our test system on 25 pure culture samples of H. pylori with known resistance. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting resistance to clarithromycin was 100%, and to levofloxacin - 93% and 92%, respectively. Then we tested our platform on 112 H. pylori -positive patients who had not previously received proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or antibacterial drugs. Mutations indicating resistance to clarithromycin were found in 27 (24%) samples, and to levofloxacin in 26 (23%) samples. Double resistance was observed in 16 (14%) samples. The most common mutations leading to clarithromycin resistance were 2143G and 2142G, to levofloxacin resistance – 261A and 271A in the gyrA gene, which account for 69% of all identified genetic determinants in levofloxacin-resistant bacteria. Thus, a personalized approach to the selection of H. pylori eradication therapy based on the detection of bacterial resistance before prescribing first-line therapy could help avoid the prescription of ineffective H. pylori eradication therapies and, overall, contribute to the control of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori.
CSN1S1, CSN3 and LPL, Three Validated Gene’s Polymorphisms Useful for a More Sustainable Dairy Production in the Mediterranean River Buffalo
Authors: Pauciullo Alfredo , Gaspa Giustino , Zhang Yi , Liu Qingyou , Cosenza Gianfranco
Published: April 2024

The search of DNA polymorphisms useful for the genetic improvement of dairy farm animals lasts more than 40 years with relevant findings in cattle for milk traits, where the best combination of alleles for dairy processing have been found in casein genes and in the DGAT1. Nowadays, similar results are not reached yet in river buffaloes despite advanced genomic technologies and accurate phenotype records are available. The aim of the present study was to investigate and validate in a larger buffalo population the effect on six milk traits of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CSN1S1, CSN3, SCD and LPL genes, previously reported to be associated with or affect dairy traits in smaller populations often belonging to one farm. A total of 800 buffaloes were genotyped. Daily milk yield (dMY, kg), protein yield (dPY, kg) and fat yields (dFY, kg), fat and protein contents (dFP, % and dPP, %), somatic cell count (SCC, 103cell/ml) and urea (mg/dl) were individually recorded in each month for the whole lactation from 2010 to 2021. A total of 15,742 individual milk test day records (2,496 lactations) were available on 680 buffalo cows with 3.6±1.7 parity (from 1 to 13) and 6.1±1.2 test day records per lactation on average. Three out four SNP in CSN1S1, CSN3 and LPL were associated with at least one of analyzed traits. In particular, the CSN1S1 (AJ005430:c.578C>T) gave favorable associations with all yield traits (dMY, p=0.022; dPY, p=0.014 ; dFY, p=0.029) and SCS (p=0.032), whereas the CSN3 (HQ677596: c.536C>T) positively associated with SCS (p=0.005) and milk urea (p=0.04). Favorable effect on dMY (p=0.028), dFP (p=0.027) and dPP (p=0.050) were observed for the LPL. Conversely, SCD did not show any association with milk traits. This is the first example of confirmation study carried out in the Mediterranean river buffalo for genes of economic interest in dairy field and it represents a very important indication for the preselection of young bulls destined to breeding programs in the view of a more sustainable dairy production.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Ethmoid Sinus with Extension to the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sharabati Haneen Hisham , Innab Laila Riyad , Hussein Saja Shawki , Salman Ayman Ahmad , Naser Anis Munir , Bakri Izzeddin Abdulsamee'
Published: April 2024

Synovial sarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors that infrequently occur in the ethmoid sinus, posing diagnostic challenges. Herein, we report a case of a 38-year-old male with a 7-month history of recurrent throbbing headaches, left eye pain, and facial nerve palsy, evolving into multiple stroke episodes. Radiological studies showed extension to the cavernous sinus, raising an initial suspicion of vasculitis. Histological findings of an endoscopic biopsy, however, confirmed a monophasic synovial sarcoma. Consequently, the patient was referred to a specialized center for comprehensive management. This case underscores the rarity of ethmoid sinus synovial sarcomas, their diverse clinical presentations, and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies.
Gender Perspectives in Governance for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Nature-Based Solutions for Water Management in Milan
Authors: Forciniti Alessia , Zavarrone Emma , Friel Martha
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates women’s empowerment and their active involvement in governance aimed at promoting sustainable development. The study focuses on examining the roles and processes of co-creation of nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management in Milan. Three research directions were explored: 1) to determine gender-based roles within local governance; 2) to detect semantic groups of NBS based on stakeholders' gender; c) to analyze gender-based linguistic and conceptual patterns of NBS. To achieve our objectives, we converted a sample of audio-video interviews of local stakeholders into textual data along with metadata indicating speakers' roles and gender. Descriptive statistics were applied to explore the governance's roles. We employed a combination of textual analysis and network analysis to identify thematic groups of NBS, and applied a word embedding approach to uncover linguistic patterns indicative of semantic sub-structures. The findings revealed significant demographic diversity. Male stakeholders perceive sustainable development as a process driven by the circular economy and the coordination of territorial authorities, while female stakeholders envision a transformative approach rooted in science, culture, and collaboration. The semantic sub-structure analysis highlighted a tendency among male governance to emphasize specialized skills, whereas female governance placed greater emphasis on problem definition rather than resolution.
A Multi-Temporal Analysis on the Dynamics of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover on NO2 and CO Emissions in Argentina for Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: Fernández-Maldonado Viviana , Navas Ana Laura , Fabani María Paula , Mazza Germán , Rodriguez Rosa
Published: April 2024

Air quality is a topic of growing relevance on the global agenda. Two key indicators of air quali-ty, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), represent significant hazards to human health and the environment putting the sustainability of natural resources at risk. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly monitor and reduce atmospheric pollutant concentrations to mitigate their harmful consequences. This study presents an analysis of NO2 total and CO emissions in Argentina, utilizing remote sensing data. The research aims to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of NO2 and CO emissions in Argentina from 2019 to 2021. Subsequently, it seeks to establish the influence of land uses and land cover on the emission of NO2 and CO through dif-ferent climatic, anthropic, and natural indicators. The study was carried out in Argentina during the period 2019-2021, where random points were placed for the different land covers with a total of 800 points surveyed. The year with the highest CO concentration (mol/m-2) was 2020. The values were highest for tree covers and herbaceous wetland coverage in the northern part of the country. For total NO2, the highest concentrations were reached during the years 2020 and 2021. Regarding its distribution, throughout the evaluated period, the highest concentrations of total NO2 were found in the built-up and cropland coverages, with the capital of the country and the northern region of the Buenos Aires province being the most affected areas. In addition, the concentration of CO was influenced by climatic variables (atmospheric pressure, wind speed, maximum environment temperature, Palmer index), natural (height, humidity, NDVI), and ur-ban variables (distances to mining extraction, airports, power plants, urban index) for the differ-ent uses and land covers. Finally, the concentrations of total NO2 were influenced by climatic variables (Palmer index and wind speed), natural (height and NDVI), and urban variables (dis-tance to airports, power plants, industries, service stations, and open dumpsites) for the differ-ent uses and land cover. This study contributes to sustainable environmental management, ena-bling the formulation of effective strategies for mitigating emissions and promoting the long-term health and well-being of communities.
Tailored Viral-Like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs
Authors: Travassos Rafael , Martins Sofia A. , Fernandes Ana , Correia João D. G. , Melo Rita
Published: April 2024

Despite the recognized potential of nanoparticles, only a few formulations have progressed to clinical trials, and an even smaller number have been approved by the regulatory authorities and marketed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to most explored nanoparticles because of the absence of viral genetic material, their incapacity to replicate, mimicry of viral structure, and tropism conservation. Furthermore, VLPs can be surface functionalized with small molecules to improve circulation half-life and target specificity. Through the functionalization and coating of VLPs, it is possible to optimize the response properties to a given stimulus, such as heat, pH, an alternating magnetic field, or even enzymes. Surface functionalization can also modulate other properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, and specificity, deeming VLPs as potential vaccine candidates or delivery systems. In this review, we address the different types of functionalization of VLPs, their importance, and their consequent biomedical applications.
Review of Taxonomic Knowledge of Dictyota (Phaeophyceae; Dictyotales); Two Centuries after its Description
Authors: Altamirano-Cerecedo María del Carmen , López-Fuerte Francisco Omar , López-Vivas Juan Manuel , Serviere-Zaragoza Elisa , León-Cisneros Karla
Published: April 2024

Some current systematized reviews of macroalgae are concise and descriptive, but it is important to conduct these of a larger number of taxa to facilitate visualizations of the types of primordial research, relevant methods, and areas of opportunity. The aim was to elaborate the state of the art in the taxonomic knowledge of Dictyota based on a systematized review of the generated information since its original description (1809 to 2023). We conducted a search for names and literature in different databases, followed by a temporal analysis (by century and bidecadal). To date, a total of 313 names have been registered for Dictyota; 108 are accepted names. The largest number of registered taxonomic names (207) was found for the 19th century, derived from large expeditions. Our analysis of literature involved 318 publications, 89 of which corresponded to alpha taxonomy, 187 to beta, and 42 to gamma. We determined that the trend in taxonomic works is integrative in nature because they include other disciplines to explain aspects that go beyond taxonomic description. Our analysis suggests that extensive reviews and monographic approaches are still required to achieve a better understanding of the genus. The effort in integrative taxonomy must be intensified, which allow improve the systematic of Dictyota.
Intellectual Capital and Bank Stability in Saudi Arabia: Navi-gating the Dynamics in a Transforming Economy
Authors: Elmahgop Faiza Omer
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the intricate dynamics between intellectual Capital (VAIC) and the stability of banks in the evolving context of Saudi Arabia's banking sector. Against the backdrop of rapid economic reforms under Vision 2030 and the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pan-demic, the research provides a nuanced analysis of how intellectual capital and intellectual capital's components—Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE), and Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE)—affect the financial stability of Saudi banks. The research analyses a decade-long panel dataset from 2012 to 2022, utilizing both fixed effects and cross-section random effects models to discern the impact of intellectual capital on bank stability. The findings reveal a positive overall influence of intellectual capital on bank stability; however, individual compo-nents present a complex relationship, with CEE showing a positive association and HCE and SCE demonstrating unexpected negative correlations with bank stability. The research identifies lev-erage (LEV) as a significant factor negatively impacting stability. Operational efficiency (OPEF) and size (SIZE) also negatively affect stability. Surprisingly, macroeconomic indicators and bank size exhibit non-significant effects on bank stability. Similarly, the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be non-significant, suggesting a resilient banking environment or the presence of effective mitigating strategies.
As Saudi Arabia continues its ambitious economic transformation, this research underscores the critical role of effectively managed intellectual capital in ensuring the banking sector's stability. It provides a foundation for ongoing research in this vital area.
Radical Cyclization-initiated Difunctionalization Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Zhi Sanjun , Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2024

Radical reactions are powerful in the synthesis of diverse molecular scaffolds bearing functional groups. In pervious review articles, we have presented 1,2-difunctionalizations, remote 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-difunctionalizations, and addition followed by cyclization reactions. Presents in this paper are radical cyclization followed by the second functionalization reactions. The second functionalization could be realized by atom transfer reactions, radical or transition metal-assisted coupling reactions, and reactions with neutral molecules, cationic and anionic species.
IgA Nephropathy with Hepatitis B Infection: A Rare Case of Infection and Autoimmunity
Authors: Shah Simoni , Shah Heer , Doshi Anushree , Gami Vismit , Desai Dev
Published: April 2024

Presenting a case report on the occurrence of IgA nephropathy with hepatitis B infection in a 32-year-old male patient with main complaints of generalized weakness, easy fatigue, and bilateral swelling of the lower extremities. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), or Berger’s disease, is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is characterized by the formation of IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes and their deposition in the glomerular mesangium. Its etiology remains multifactorial and often idiopathic. IgA nephropathy alone does not have an infectious etiology; instead, it usually develops in conjunction with an infectious condition that triggers a dysregulated immune response. There is no proof that any particular infectious agent is the secondary cause of IgA nephropathy. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an infectious agent associated with renal complications, including IgA nephropathy. Symptoms include gross haematuria and mild proteinuria indicative of renal involvement. Laboratory investigations and serological tests are followed by imaging studies such as ultrasound and renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The challenges encountered during the diagnostic process included overlapping symptoms and limitations of available diagnostic tests, highlighting the need for comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary management approaches in similar cases. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and managing both conditions simultaneously to prevent long-term complications such as end-stage renal disease.
Selection of Improved Banana Diploid Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Races 1 and Subtropical 4
Authors: Santana Welly Sacramento , Rocha Anelita de Jesus , da Silva Wesley Barreto , Amorim Vanusia B. Oliveira , Ramos Andresa Priscila de Souza , Haddad Fernando , Amorim Edson Perito
Published: April 2024

Bananas, a staple food globally and a key agricultural commodity, face a severe threat from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum form specialis cubense (Foc), significantly impacting production. Genetic improvement to develop resistant cultivars stands out as a crucial strategy to mitigate this disease. This study focused on assessing and recommending enhanced diploid banana varieties for resistance against Foc subtropical race 4 (ST4) and Foc race 1 (R1). Twenty-five improved diploids developed by Embrapa, Brazil, underwent evaluation. Utilizing a scale for internal symptoms at 90 days post-inoculation, genotypes were categorized from highly resistant to highly susceptible based on the internal symptom index. The diploid M53 exhibited high resistance to R1 and resistance to Foc ST4, while only the diploid CNPMF 0534 demonstrated complete resistance to both R1 and ST4, with resistance to the latter likely associated with penetration. These findings provide valuable insights for banana and plantain breeding programs, offering selected diploids for crossbreeding with commercial cultivars to develop new, resistant genotypes against Foc.
Irradiation Characteristics of Non-impregnated Micropore Graphite for Use in Molten Salt Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Lian Pengfei , Li Pengda , Huang Hefei , Song Jinliang , Tang Zhongfeng , Liu Zhanjun
Published: April 2024

Non-impregnated small pore graphite (NSPG) with the compact microstructure for using in molten salt reactors (MSR) was prepared by the novel process, and the pore diameter of the obtained graphite was reduced to ~800 nm. The irradiation evaluation of the prepared graphite was carried out by 7 MeV Xe26+ ion irradiation and the microstructural changes of the graphite were investigated with IG-110 as a comparison. The graphitization degree of NSPG was higher than that of IG-110, though it was not subjected to an impregnation process. Under low-dose ion irradiation (
How to Regress or Reverse Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mulijono Dasaad , Hutapea Albert Manggading , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich
Published: April 2024

A significant portion of fatalities stemming from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occur suddenly and without warning. This can be prevented through early detection of coronary stenosis. In recent years, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) have been utilized. For instance, a 55-year-old interventional cardiologist had a CAC of 58 with 50% stenosis involving his left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Despite possibly having vulnerable plaque, which carries significant future cardiovascular events, the patient followed a plant-based diet (PBD), took supplements, and continued optimal medical therapy (OMT). After three years, there was a significant regression in both CAC and stenosis. During our discussion, we emphasized the importance of food selection, quantification, and how food is processed (raw) to achieve maximal benefit in regressing atherosclerosis. Additionally, we highlighted the importance of identifying the possibility of vulnerable plaque and the mechanism stabilizing it. The case supported the guidelines set by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for managing chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) by emphasizing OMT and lifestyle changes. We hope that in the future, more doctors and patients will take responsibility for implementing lifestyle changes rather than solely relying on medications and sophisticated medical technologies.
The Role of Legume Cover Crops in Enhancing Climate Resilience and Water Use Efficiency in South African Grassland Systems. A Review
Authors: Mashece Wandile , Madolo Nkosikhona , Laubscher Charles Petrus , Ncube Bongani
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of legume cover crops in improving climate adaptability and water use efficiency in South African grassland systems. Climate change is posing significant obstacles to agricultural systems all over the world, which includes South Africa, where shortages of water and fluctuations are significant issues. Legume cover crops are growing in popularity as a long-term and cost-effective solution to these problems. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the possible advantages of legume cover crops for enhancing climate resilience and water use efficiency in South African grassland systems, as well as the fundamental processes and present study findings. According to the outcomes, legume cover crops may boost soil water availability, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem productivity, resulting in increased climate resilience and water use efficiency. However, a variety of factors, including species selection, management practices, and environmental conditions, can all have an impact on the effectiveness of legume cover crops. With the concerted efforts, adaptation strategies of livestock farmers that seeks to maximise the potential of legume cover crops in South African grassland systems, it is critical to consider site-specific factors when establishing them. This review offers significant insights into the role of legume cover crops in climate resilience and water use efficiency, laying the groundwork for future research and agricultural practices.
Diets, Condition, and Reproductive Fitness of Slimy Sculpin (Uranidea cognata) after Catastrophic Flooding in Trout Streams in Southeastern Minnesota, USA
Authors: Mundahl Neal D.
Published: April 2024

Slimy sculpin (Uranidea cognata) inhabitat coldwater streams in southeastern Minnesota, USA, many of which were subjected to probable 2000-year flood events in August 2007. Floods scoured streambeds, created new stream channels, and greatly reduced benthic invertebrate communities that serve as the primary food resource for sculpin. Diets and Fulton condition of sculpin in Gilmore Creek (with moderate flooding) and Garvin Brook (with very severe flooding) had been examined just prior to flooding, and were re-examined two weeks after flooding to assess possible diet and condition changes. Diets, condition, and reproductive fitness of sculpin were examined seven months post-flood in these same two streams, plus nearby Trout run (also experienced very severe flooding). Sculpin condition declined significantly post-flood in Garvin Brook, but improved in Gilmore Creek. Prior to spring spawning, condition of Garvin Brook sculpin had improved, but Gilmore Creek fish condition worsened. Sculpin diets were more diverse before and after flooding in Gilmore Creek than in Garvin Brook, although diets of fish from both streams were dominated (>55%) by midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae. Diets differed significantly before versus after flooding in the more severely flooded Garvin Brook, but not in Gilmore Creek. Prey number per sculpin stomach declined post-flood in Gilmore Creek, but not in Garvin Brook, although dry mass of prey/fish wet mass declined post-flood in both streams. Pre-spawn sculpin displayed no patterns in reproductive fitness (gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, oocyte number) among the three streams that may have been related to flooding severity the previous summer. Although sculpin diets and condition were altered significantly immediately post-flood in the more severely flooded stream, food resource recovery apparently was rapid enough to prevent longer-term impacts on sculpin condition and reproductive fitness.