bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Clinical Characteristic of Ocular Surface Manifestation: An Evaluation of Conjunctival Swab Results in Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Susiyanti Made , Daniel Hisar , Faridah Diah , Devona Dinda Arken , Pramitha Pradnya , Bela Budiman , Haryanto Budi , Barliana Julie Dewi , Estu Dian , Victor Andi Arus , Putri Nina Dwi , Candra Julius , Sitorus Rita Sita
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of ocular characteristics and viral presence in the conjunctival swab of patients with COVID-19.Methods: Fifty-three patients were recruited from two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta (Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital) from July 2020 to March 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients who were suspected of or confirmed cases of COVID-19 with or without ocular symptoms. Demographic data, history of COVID-19 exposure, underlying medical condition, systemic symptoms, ocular symptoms, supporting laboratory results, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of naso-oropharyngeal (NOP) swab and conjunctival swab were collected.Results: Fifty-three patients who were suspected, probable or confirmed cases of Covid-19 were included. Forty-six out of 53 patients (86.79%) tested positive for either Covid-19 antibody rapid test or naso-oropharyngeal (NOP) swab. Forty-two patients tested positive for NOP swab. Two out of 42 patients (4.76%) who tested positive for NOP swab were also positive for conjunctival swab.Conclusions: Establishing the relationship between Covid-19 infection, ocular symptoms, and presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the ocular surface proves to be challenging. Ocular symptoms did not warrant a positive conjunctival swab result due to nasolacrimal drainage that quickly clears the virus into the respiratory tract. Most importantly, a patient without ocular symptoms can have detectable presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the ocular surface. Hence, tear droplets transmission is possible and preventative measures should be implemented. As ocular involvement is often a systemic response rather than local viral activity, detection of the virus in conjunctival swab is low.
Differential lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mild and severe influenza-associated pneumonia patients
Authors: Yin Yudong , Feng Shenghu , Shen Hong , Cao Di , Wei Ming , Liu Zhenjia , Yang Chunxiu , Gu Li
Published: April 2022

This study was to compare the Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles, their related biological functions, and pathways in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with mild and severe influenza associated pneumonia (IAP). Initially,10 mild and 10 severe IAP patients were enrolled. RNA samples were extracted from the PBMCs of those patients and comprehensive lncRNA and mRNA profiles were examined using Clariom™ D microarrays. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis were used to predict the function and signaling pathways affected by the differentially expressed mRNA. LncRNA-mRNA interaction network was performed to explore the synergistic effect of differentially expressed lncRNAs and their function-related mRNAs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to verify the microarray results. A total of 40 upregulated and 40 downregulated lncRNAs and 120 upregulated and 60 downregulated mRNAs were identified using microarray analysis. A total of 23 GO items were significantly associated with related differential expressed mRNA. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that nuclear factor-κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway were significantly related to those differentially expressed mRNAs. LncRNA-mRNA network analysis identified several key lncRNAs and mRNAs including NONHSAT105043, SBDSP1, CA5BP1, DDX3X, and IL-4R. Altogether, our data signify that the differently expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs identified in the current study as well as the related signaling pathways may provide systematic information for understanding the pathogenesis of IAP.
Pattern and causes of temporomandibular joint ankylosis: A 6-years retrospective study
Authors: Eftekharian Hamidreza , Motazedian Gholamreza , Tavanafar Saeid , Salari Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the cause and pattern of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in patients who have been treated for this condition at a major urban teaching hospital.Methods and Materials: In this study, we reviewed all the patients treated for temporomandibular joint ankylosis for six years at an urban teaching hospital between 2015 to 2021 who had sufficient information available. Demographic information as well as etiology and pattern of ankylosis, the time lapse between injury and treatment, concomitant facial injury, fragment displacement, prior condyle treatment, mouth opening before and after treatment of ankylosis, complications, and position of the ramus stump or hemicondyle in relation to the glenoid fossa, follow up period, and physiotherapy before and after ankylosis treatment. Results: Among 32 patients with 45 involved joints, with an average age of 29.90± 17.08 years, mostly between 20-29 years old (n=10); the leading cause of temporomandibular joint ankylosis was trauma with n=25 (78%). The ratio of men to women was 23 to 9, and the ratio of bilateral involvement to unilateral ones was 13:9. The most common chief complaint of the patient was restricted mouth opening with n=24 (75%). Twenty-four patients had complete temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The mean of maximum mouth opening before surgery was 0.95 ± 0.45 cm, which increased significantly to 4.50 ± 0.50 cm (p <0.001) after treatment.Conclusions: This study showed that trauma was the most common cause of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in the studied patients. The most common chief complaint of the patient was the limitation of mouth opening. The results of this study also have shown that TMJ ankylosis is more common in men than women, and surgery is significantly effective in improving the function of TMJ in these patients.
The potential risk factors for prolonged length of stay despite an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for elder patients undergoing short-level lumbar fusion surgery
Authors: Cui Peng , Kong Chao , Wang Peng , Wang Jialin , Liu Xu , Zhao Guoguang , Lu Shibao
Published: April 2022

Objective
To identify the risk factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) despite an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in short-level lumbar fusion surgery.
Methods
ERAS was implemented maturely at our department in January 2019. We gathered data for all patients undergoing short-level lumbar fusion surgery from May to November 2021. Given the discharge criterias, a threshold was set according to mean LOS, and two groups were spontaneously formed: LOS shorter than the threshold for discharge (Group 1, n = 114) and LOS longer or equal to the threshold for discharge (Group 2, n = 72). Preoperative metrics were compared to identify risk factors associated with prolonged LOS.
Results
A total consecutive 186 patients with complete medical records were enrolled (77 males and 109 females; mean age 71.08 ± 5.70 years). After dichotomization according to the threshold for discharge, there were 114 patients in Group 1 and 72 in Group 2. Statistical analysis demonstrated that age ≥ 75 years (p = 0.002), female sex (p < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade ≥ 3 (p = 0.035), operation time (p < 0.001), anesthesia time (p < 0.001, ambulation time > 1 day (p = 0.027), removal of urinary catheter time > 1 day (p = 0.019), fusion levels (p < 0.001), Clavien-Dindo grade > 1 (p < 0.001) and allogenetic transfusion (p = 0.009) were significantly related to prolonged LOS. Binary logistic regression revealed that age (odds ratio (OR) 5.149; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.045–12.966, p = 0.001), sex (OR 5.185, 95% CI 2.183–12.317, p < 0.001) and Clavien-Dindo grade > 1(OR 15.936, 95% CI 5.220–48.652, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of prolonged LOS.
Conclusions
In this retrospective study, we analysed the potential risk factors associated with delayed LOS despite implementing ERAS, further, binary logistic regression exhibited that age ≥ 75 years old, female sex and Clavien-Dindo grade > 1 were independently correlated with prolonged LOS.
Pre-referral intranasal artesunate for malaria: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kouakou Yobouet Ines , Millet Aurelien , Fromentin Elodie , Hauchard Nathalie , Farias Gonçalo , Fieux Maxime , Coudert Aurelie , Omorou Roukayatou , Said Ibrahim Bin , Lavoignat Adeline , Bonnot Guillaume , Bienvenu Anne-Lise , Picot Stephane
Published: April 2022

Background: Malaria still kills young children in rural endemic areas because early treatment is not available. Thus, the World Health Organization recommends the administration of artesunate suppositories as pre-referral treatment before transportation to the hospital in case of severe symptoms with an unavailable parenteral and oral treatment. However, negative cultural perception of the rectal route, and limited access to artesunate suppositories, could limit the use of artesunate suppositories. There is therefore a need for an alternative route for malaria pre-referral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of intranasal route for malaria pre-referral treatment.Methods: The permeability of artesunate through human nasal mucosa was tested in vitro. The Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) of the nasal mucosa was followed during the permeation tests. Beside, regional deposition of artesunate powder was assessed with a unidose drug delivery device in each nostril of a nasal cast. Artesunate quantification was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry. Results: The experimental model of human nasal mucosa was successfully implemented. Using this model, artesunate powder showed a much better passage rate through human nasal mucosa than solution (26.8 ± 6.6% versus 2.1 ± 0.3%). More than half (62.3%) of the artesunate dose sprayed in the nostrils of the nasal cast was recovered in the olfactory areas (44.7 ± 8.6%) and turbinates (17.6 ± 3.3%) allowing nose-to-brain and systemic drug diffusion, respectively.Conclusion: Artesunate powder showed a good permeation efficiency on human nasal mucosa. Moreover it can be efficiently sprayed in the nostrils using unidose device to reach the olfactory area leading to a fast nose-to-brain delivery as well as a systemic effect. Taken together, those results are part of the proof-of-concept for the use of intranasal artesunate as a malaria pre-referral treatment.
Materialistic characterization, thermal properties, and cytocompatibility investigations on acrylic acid-functionalized nSiO2 reinforced PEEK polymeric nanocomposite
Authors: Thanigachalam Mugilan , Vallavi Muthusamy Subramanian Aezhisai , Sugumar Durai
Published: April 2022

Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible alternative to metallic biomaterials because of its unique properties such as relatively low elastic modulus, high mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. A significant issue is that its bioinert feature might lead to implant failure due to poor osseointegration. Therefore, this research aims to develop the nSiO2 ceramic particles reinforced PEEK (nSiO2@PEEK) polymer nanocomposite. The particle size of nanoparticles was measured as 43.6 nm using particle size analyzer (PSA). The fabrication was done by the vertical injection moulding process. The morphology of fabricated composite was analyzed using FESEM. The EDAX and elemental mapping revealed the presence of Si, C, and O elements in nSiO2@PEEK. The structural characteristic of nSiO2@PEEK nanocomposite was investigated using XRD and FTIR. Thermal stability and melting behavior were examined using TGA thermograms and DSC curves. Minimum toxic level (Grade: slight, 1–20%) was observed by in-vitro cytotoxicity assessment using direct and indirect methods. The excellent cell viability was found as 83.6% through MTT assay. The MG-63 cell-adhesion study was conducted subsequently excellent cell growth and cell-morphology were monitored using SEM analysis. Thereby, the developed nanocomposite was found to be good biocompatible properties through this research. Thus it can be suitable as promising biomaterial for medical implant applications.
Two Constructions for Optimal Z-Complementary Sequence Sets
Authors: Cui Li , Xu Chengqian , Li Yubo , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: April 2022

Z-complementary sequence sets (ZCSSs) can be applied to multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems as user address codes to eliminate multi-path interference and multi-access interference. In this paper, two constructions of ZCSSs are investigated. First of all, flexible and diverse seed sequence sets and orthogonal matrices are employed to generate a large number of optimal ZCSSs, which can enrich the existing results. In fact, most ZCSSs lengths obtained by existing orthogonal-matrix-based constructions are required to be divisible by ZCZ widths. Obviously, it cannot be achieved if the desired sequence length is a prime number or a non-integer multiple of the ZCZ width. Toward the challenge of designing ZCSSs of various lengths, direct construction is presented in this paper using orthogonal matrices. Thus, it could provide a variety of quality of service (QoS) in quasi-synchronous multiuser multi-rate communication systems. Meanwhile, the flock sizes can be chosen flexibly, which means that the MC-CDMA systems are no longer limited by sub-carriers. To the best of our knowledge, the construction of ZCSSs have not been reported in the literature. In this paper, the proposed two constructions are direct without the aid of any special sequence, which is suitable for rapid hardware generation.
Testing and Quarantine Strategies for Travelers – An Evidence Based Analytic Model Using Bayesʼ Theorem
Authors: Lee Fu-Shiuan Whitney , Wang Jamie , Wang C. Jason
Published: April 2022

Background: Policies such as border closures and quarantines have been widely used to minimize the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such policies curbed international trade, travel, and tourism, leading to economic loss. Methods: We calculated the risks of individual travelers based on their expected transmission, defined as the expected number of subsequent infections resulting from an individual. It is calculated by multiplying the probability of travelers having COVID-19 after negative test(s), with the effective reproduction number (Rt) of the viral strain/variant. The expected transmission varies based on the incidence rate among unvaccinated or the breakthrough infection rates (BIRs) of the vaccinated; waning vaccine efficacy; transmissibility of the dominant variants; properties of various diagnostic tests used; and restriction policies in the arrival countries. For a traveler to be released, the expected transmission was benchmarked against that of an unvaccinated traveler quarantined for 14 days without testing, previously calculated to be 0.005. Results: We found that all individuals with a negative preboarding test can be released with a negative post-arrival test, with both tests achieving sensitivity ≥ 90% and specificity ≥ 97%, which could be accomplished by rapid antigen tests. This is valid for an incidence rate up to 0.1 (prior to testing) and Rt up to 4 in the arrival country. In a sensitivity analysis scenario where the incidence rate is 0.4 and Rt is 16, a negative preboarding test and a negative post-arrival test, both with sensitivity ≥ 98% and specificity ≥ 97% (usually accomplished by a Polymerase Chain Reaction test or other Nucleic Acid Amplification tests) can ensure that a traveler has a lower expected transmission than an unvaccinated person who is quarantined for 14 days. Conclusions: As vaccines become more available around the world, this study provides the scientific basis for setting policies of testing with or without quarantine for international travelers. In many cases, travelers with full vaccination (with or without booster) and a negative preboarding test can be released with a negative rapid antigen test upon arrival, which will allow the travelers to depart the airport within 30 minutes.
Quantifying the Financial Impact of Overuse in Primary Care in China
Authors: Si Yafei , Bateman Hazel , Chen Shu , Hanewald Katja , Li Bingqin , Su Min , Zhou Zhongliang
Published: April 2022

Objective
Healthcare expenditures have increased very fast in many countries. Overuse of health care is a potential factor explaining the rapid increase. However, overuse, defined as ‘the provision of health care service when its likely risk of harm exceeds its potential benefit’ is difficult to measure 1. This study employs a novel method using unannounced standardised patients (SPs) to identify overuse, document its patterns, and quantify its financial impact on patients in primary care in China.
Methods
We conducted an SP study in a capital city of western China in 2017 and 2018. We trained 18 SPs to present consistent cases of two common chronic diseases, unstable angina and asthma. The SPs recorded 492 physician-patient interactions in 63 public and private primary hospitals. Overuse, defined as the provision of unnecessary medical tests and drugs, was identified by a judging panel based on national clinical guidelines. We estimated linear regression models to quantify the financial impact of overuse after controlling for hospital, physician and patient characteristics and a series of fixed effects.
Findings
We found overuse in 72.15% (95% CI: 68.18–76.13%) of the SP visits, including overuse of medical tests (54.67%, 95% CI: 50.26–59.09%) and overuse of drugs (28.05%, 95% CI: 24.07–32.03%). The high prevalence of overuse was similar among public and private hospitals, low-competence and high-competence physicians, male and female physicians, junior and senior physicians, and male and female patients but varied across patients presenting different diseases. Compared to the non-overuse group, the overuse had significantly increased the total cost by 118.8% (95% CI: 75.5–162.2%), the test cost by 60.0% (95% CI: 22.2–97.9%) and the drug cost by 100.2% (95% CI: 56.8–143.7%). The financial impact of overuse did not vary substantially across high-competence and low-competence physicians, male and female physicians, junior and senior physicians, and patients presenting different diseases. However, the financial impact of overuse was driven by physician-patient interactions in public hospitals rather than private hospitals, and it was driven by female patients rather than male patients.
Interpretation
Overuse of health care is pervasive in the primary care of China and leads to a significant increase in healthcare expenditure. The overuse in this study seems unlikely to be attributable to physician incompetence. We use a consultation-treatment transaction model to understand physician behaviour and show that overuse of medical tests and overuse of drugs are partial substitutes. These findings shed light on the cost escalation of primary care in China, which is a form of medical inefficiency and low quality of care that should be urgently addressed.
Regional Employment resilience during Australia’s early COVID-19 public health response: An analysis of the Payroll Jobs Index data series
Authors: Baum Scott , Mitchell William
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on regional economies and in particular has been reflected in the ability of some regions to perform better in the face of an economic downturn than others. Set in the context of regional economic resilience, this paper presents an exploratory analysis of the impact of a national COVID related shut-down in Australia on employment resilience across regions. Using data on the changes in payroll jobs, the paper identifies clusters of regions that can be differentiated according to their resilience during this period. The paper explores a range of possible determinants of regional resilience differences and suggests an agenda for a larger research endeavour.
Human TMPRSS2 non-catalytic ectodomain and SARS-CoV-2 S2’ subunit interaction mediated SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis: A model proposal with virtual screening for potential drug molecules to inhibit this interaction
Authors: Konduru Guruprasad Varma , Nagarajaram Hampapathalu Adimurthy
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a novel model for SARS-CoV-2 viral integration into the host cell via endocytosis pathway and hence a target for preventive treatment of COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage at S1-S2 cleavage site and the cleaved out S2 domain is further cleaved by the activated serine protease domain of humanTMPRSS2 to become S2'. The activated serine protease domain of TMPRSS2 is formed after it undergoes autocatalysis by which the catalytic domain is cleaved from the membrane bound non-catalytic ectodomain (hNECD) comprising of LDLRA CLASS-I repeat and a SRCR domain. It is known that the SRCR domains as well as LDLRA repeat harboring proteins mediate endocytosis of viruses and certain ligands. Based on this, we put forward a hypothesis that the exposed hNECD binds to the S2' as both are at an interaction proximity soon after S2’ is processed by the serine protease domain and this interaction may lead to the endocytosis of virus as an alternate mechanism to the direct fusion model. Based on this hypothesis we have modelled the hNECD structure, followed by protein-protein docking studies with the known 3D structure of S2'. The interaction interface of hNECD discerned from the modelled complex structure was used for virtual screening of known FDA-approved drug molecules and also some of the Indian medicinal plant-based compounds. We also mapped the known mutations of concern and mutations of interest on interaction interface of S2’ and found that none of the known mutations map onto the interaction interface. This indicates that targeting the probable interaction between the hNECD of TMPRSS2 and S2’ may serve as an attractive potential therapeutic target which is variant independent.
The influence of memory on visual perception in infants, children, and adults
Authors: Jaffe-Dax Sagi , Potter Christine , Leung Tiffany , Emberson Lauren , Lew-Williams Casey
Published: April 2022

Perception is not an independent, in-the-moment event. Instead, perceiving involves integrating prior expectations with current observations. How does this ability develop from infancy through adulthood? We examined how prior visual experience shapes visual perception in infants, children, and adults. Using an identical task across age groups, we exposed participants to pairs of colorful stimuli and measured their ability to discriminate relative saturation levels. Results showed that adult participants were biased by previously-experienced exemplars, but exhibited weakened in-the-moment discrimination between different levels of saturation. In contrast, infants and children showed less influence of memory in their perception, and they actually outperformed adults in discriminating between current levels of saturation. Our findings suggest that as humans develop, their perception relies more on prior experience and less on current observation.
中国国际投资的发展前景
Authors:   满洲里学院，满洲里，中国
Published: April 2022

文章阐述，中国政府的直接投资仍以开采自然资源为主，主要集中在澳大利亚、加拿大和拉丁美洲.并且事实证 明，中国实施基于高科技的战略.这肯定会促进国内的创新，并帮助中国在与大流行相关的限制性措施的背景下提高 其在全球价值链中的地位.如果中国能够成功转型为以消费和高科技生产为主导的经济模式，中国将有机会在国际 投资方面领先各国的排名.在文章的分析中，证明中国在世界各地的影响范围相当广泛.在2010-2021年期间，中国 成功地大幅增加了在北美、南美、欧洲、亚洲和非洲的投资量。与此同时，各个行业的利益受到影响，包括采矿， 机械工程，能源，轻工，房地产等.在减少与大流行有关的限制性措施的背景下，中国可能有越来越多的机会实施 新的有前途的项目.
YOUTH COOPERATION IN THE SCO SPACE: FROM PERSPECTIVE OF CHINA
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,   Shanghai
Published: April 2022

800 million young people live in the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization，which is almost half of the young population of the world. The SCO member states，carrying out their activities in the field of geopolitics and regional security，pay special attention to the issue of the long-term development of the youth community in the SCO space. The object of the study is the youth community in the SCO space. The subject of the study is the new challenges and new opportunities of the SCO from the perspective of China. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the possibility of long-term development of the youth community. The main directions of the study are to actualize the strengthening of youth exchanges within the SCO; to identify new challenges and new opportunities for youth cooperation. In this article，the author analyzes China's policy in the field of creating and expanding youth exchange and cooperation platforms，including the creation of a number of branded projects，such as the SCO Youth Exchange Camp，Youth Business Incubator，etc. International youth projects promote the development of youth cooperation in areas such as education， culture， tourism， sports， media， information technology and the digital economy. In the post-epidemic period，against the background of changes in the international landscape，as well as the active development of the digital economy，youth cooperation within the SCO is facing new challenges，and new opportunities are opening up for the organization
The Moderating Effect of Gamification on Loyalty Program Usage in Indonesian E-Commerce
Authors: Sundjaja Arta Moro , Savina Giovanka , Yuli Yuli , Hardianto Thomas
Published: April 2022

Previously, existing research has not comprehensively examined the determinant factors of loyalty programs, and there is limited research that analyzes the gamification of loyalty programs in e-commerce. The research investigated the determinant factors of loyalty program usage, focusing on the moderating effect of the gamified loyalty program. The research applied a quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. Then, the unit of analysis was the users who played the Lucky Egg. The population size was unknown due to limited access to the e-commerce company, so the sample size was determined using ten times indicators. Around 242 respondents were gathered using convenience sampling. The result confirms that seven hypotheses are accepted, and one hypothesis is rejected. The determinant factors of loyalty program usage are playfulness, affective commitment, and attitude toward loyalty program. The interaction moderation analysis shows that the loyalty program increases loyalty program usage. However, the reward attractiveness does not affect the loyalty program directly and must be mediated by attitude toward the loyalty program. The R2 value of attitude toward loyalty program is 58,3%, and loyalty program usage is 58,5%. The research extends the loyalty program usage model in Indonesian e-commerce, and gamified loyalty program is proven as moderating variable of loyalty program usage.
The Measurement of Information and Communication Technology Literacy: A Case Study of the Village Officials in Purbalingga
Authors: Waluyo Retno , Gunawan Fergyanto E. , Setiawan Ito
Published: April 2022

The application of e-government for agencies from the basic level, sub-district, aims to create single-united data to be accessed from sub-district to district and even national. Then, human resources capability in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy is also essential to maximize the application of e-government. However, the implementation of egovernment in Purbalingga has not been carried out optimally due to the lack of use of computers and the Internet by village officials. The research aims to measure the level of ICT literacy of village officials and the correlation between computer literacy and Internet literacy. The research is a quantitative study using a survey method with the People Capability Maturity Model (P-CMM) concept. Around 108 village officials in Purbalingga are involved in the research. The results show that ICT literacy is still at level 2. It implies that the village officials use computers and the Internet many times with the same usage pattern to assist their jobs. In addition, the correlation between computer literacy and Internet literacy is positive and strong. It means that if computer literacy increases, Internet literacy will also increase. Therefore, it is concluded that village officials in Purbalingga are accustomed to doing daily activities using computers and the Internet with the same usage pattern.
Design and Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Greenhouse Controller
Authors: Van Tung Le , Nguyen Thi Phuc , Vo Minh Phung , Do Thi Le , Le Cong Huynh , Nguyen Thi Phuong Tra
Published: April 2022

Sensors play an essential role in gathering environmental information for greenhouse farming. Wireless sensor network creates and manages links between sensor blocks in the system. As a result, not only various environmental parameters can be collected, but the sensor location can also be flexibly deployed. Sensor blocks require low energy consumption and inexpensive implementation costs with typical operating conditions. The research has built a wireless sensor network based on open Radio Frequency (RF) technology. Each sensor block has a low deployment cost and operates independently via a solar-powered unit. A novel communication protocol is designed for the proposed sensor network. In addition, a greenhouse controller exploiting designed wireless sensor networks is also constructed to evaluate the practicality of the system. Sensor networks developed are intended to be applied to the existing agricultural greenhouses in the surveyed area. The greenhouse is medium-sized, and the system implemented in practice is for vegetable farming. As a result, the controller can connect to the Internet to serve IoT links and applications. Experimental results prove the practicality of sensor blocks and the stability and efficiency of the wireless sensor network. It helps to reduce deployment costs and improve applicability. In addition, the sensor blocks are designed and built with low energy consumption, which can be operated with a small solar power source.
COLLECTION OF ESSAYS AS A FORM OF CREATIVE REPRESENTATION IN THE CULTURE OF THE SILVER AGE
Authors: Edoshina Irina А. , Osipova Elena А.
Published: April 2022

The article looks into the conceptual status of a collection of essays. This subject is investigated by using a number of different methods, of which the most significant ones are analytical, historical and cultural, with a general cultural and philosophical approach to understanding the essence and the semantic scope of the creative functions of a collection of essays. Particular attention is given to the relevance of the creation of a collection of essays as a special art form in the culture of the Silver Age. The article defines the reasons for a collection of essays and its specificity as a form of the presentation of the solely personal thoughts. The most significant characteristics of a collection of essays are identified in the example of the analysis of the collected volume of essays by D. S. Merezhkovsky “Eternal Companions”. Special attention is paid to the creation of the collection of critical essays as a reflection of the author’s thoughts and the era itself. For this purpose, the articles included in the content of the collection are analyzed. The specific subjectivity of the author’s comprehension of the literary works is noted, and in general it is fully consistent with the spirit of the times of the Silver Age. It is emphasized that the essays included in the collection reflect the dynamics of Merezhkovsky’s thoughts. The essays collected in the volume conform with the general mainstream of the author’s thoughts, they can be understood as a single whole, and the collection itself can be regarded as a form of the representation of a creative personality in the artistic culture of the Silver Age. Special attention is given to the personality of the publisher who was a good acquaintance of Merezhkovsky P. P. Pertzov. Following the analytical procedures carried out on the texts in Merezhkovsky’s collection “Eternal Companions”, it is noted that the characteristic features of the author’s ideas present him not only as a literary critic, but mostly as a thinker. Eventually, the general conclusions are made: the collection of essays goes beyond the limits of only one author, the principles of its organization are indicated, and the importance of the author’s interpretation of the literary and cultural events as a whole is noted.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND AGRICULTURE AMONG THE KAZAKHS IN THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors: Frizen Dmitrii Ya.
Published: April 2022

The article studies the problem of the formation of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of economy in the territory of the Kazakh region, in particular in the Western Kazakhstan. With the assistance of various sources, we studied the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Kazakhs, which was adapted to the local climate, sparse vegetation, the low rainfall and other environmental and economic factors. In this article, we have shown the objective and subjective aspects that led to the settling of nomads. The resettlement policy of Russia led to a crisis of nomadic cattle breeding and poverty among many Kazakhs, which forced them to engage in agriculture. However, as shown in the article, the Kazakhs plowed the land only for additional income. The emergence of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of farming was complex and contradictory. The Kazakhs, who lived near Russian settlements, quickly moved to settle. And those Kazakhs who lived in the southern regions of the Turgai and Ural regions, as well as on Mangyshlak and the Inner Horde continued to engage in cattle breeding. This situation divided the region into agricultural and cattle-breeding and this went on for many years.
CITIES OF THE TYUMEN REGION IN THE 1970S: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN FERTILITY AND MORTALITY
Authors: DASHINAMZHILOV Odon B.
Published: April 2022

In the post-war period, industrial development in the east of the country was often carried out through the formation of territorial production complexes. They were distinguished by the size of capital investments, the pace of industrial growth, and the number of settlements being created. In this regard, it is of great interest how such economic development influenced the nature of demographic processes. The formation of the population of the Tyumen region during the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex has already been well studied, many works have been published in which the personnel problems of enterprises and the growth rates of its cities were studied. However, the reproduction of the population has not been studied enough, it is not entirely clear how much the birth rate and mortality changed at different stages of industrial growth. This work is a logical continuation of the article published earlier and devoted to the analysis of demographic trends in the previous inter-census period (1959-1970). The main purpose of the article is to study the total fertility rate and life expectancy, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the social, economic, cultural and everyday life of the population. To solve it, the methods of conditional generation, index, historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used in a complex.
The article reveals for the first time that demographic trends in the cities of the Tyumen region, in general, corresponded to the processes taking place in Western Siberia. Nevertheless, the nature of socio-economic development in the period under review had a certain impact on the reproduction of the urban population. The growth of investments in housing construction, the development of public utilities, social and household infrastructure contributed to the fact that life expectancy decreased slightly. Moreover, the situation with mortality has improved to the greatest extent in the northern regions. Due to the spread of urban culture, changes in the socio-educational structure of society, migration flows and urban settlement, the birth rate has decreased. In this regard, the nature of reproduction of the urban population in the 1970s became closer to the average Western Siberian indicators.
REGULATION OF PRELIMINARY CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW IN THE POST-SOVIET STATES (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN RUSSIA)
Authors: Ivanova Еlena L. , Petrov Aleksey A.
Published: April 2022

The issues of preliminary constitutional review are not thoroughly researched in the scientific field of constitutional law mainly due to relatively small volume of relevant practice both in the Russian Federation and in affairs of competent bodies of foreign states. At the same time, the changes in the legal regulation of the powers of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which occurred within the framework of the constitutional reform of 2020, indicated once again the relevance of the study of preliminary constitutional review. Whereas prior to these transformations the competence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the field of preliminary review encompassed only international treaties (of the Russian Federation) that did not enter into force and issues on referendums of the Russian Federation, now it also includes verification of the constitutionality of federal legislative acts of all types, including laws on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation prior to their promulgation. In this regard, it seems important to refer to the relevant experience of other countries and above all of those that are historically and geographically close to the Russian Federation. The article provides a brief overview of the concepts of preliminary constitutional review developed in constitutional and legal science, its merits and controversial points. Using the comparative legal method, the authors investigate the state of constitutional and legislative regulation of preliminary constitutional review carried out by constitutional courts and other similar bodies of the post-Soviet states. The subject of the analysis includes approaches to determining the objects of such review, as well as practice and features of the regulation of the constitutional review procedures under study. Despite the sufficient development and high quality of legal regulation of these issues in the Russian Federation, the authors come to a conclusion that it is advisable to adopt certain aspects from the relevant experience of the states from the former USSR.
ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF BELARUS CITIZENS LIVING IN AREAS CONTAMINATED BY RADIONUCLIDES
Authors: KARGAPOLOVA Ekaterina V. , Lashuk Irina V.
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes the strategies in entrepreneurship of the citizens of the Republic of Belarus who currently live in the areas that were affected by the Chernobyl disaster. The empirical base consists of the results from the scientific research “To carry out a socio­logical assessment of the entrepreneurial potential of the territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster within the framework of the event ‘To conduct a sociological assessment of the factors, mechanisms and conditions of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the territories affected by the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant’” of the State Program for elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl disaster for 2021-2025 (No. GR 20213172).
Object of the present research is the adult (aged 16-59 years) population of the Republic of Belarus who lives in the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster.
Subject of the research is entrepreneurial activity of different socio-demographic and territorial groups of the population of the areas affected by the Chernobyl disaster as well as their evaluation of the conditions for small and medium-sized business development.
The research resulted in identifying the hybrid nature of socio-economic systems of the regions under study as the employment structure combines market and non-market preferences and motivations with a slight prevalence of market ones. On the one hand, in a present competitive environment mixed economic systems that combine market and non-market structures have a greater chance of success. On the other hand, in such systems a strategic value is assigned to the need for strengthening of moral structures of a personality which allow to maintain balance between material and spiritual aspects of life. After all, the preponderance of material aspects leads to consumer sentiments that are difficult to satisfy. As a consequence, it results in the decline of fertility rates, environmental issues, and the increase of social tensions.
VARIATIONAL GRIDDING APPROACH TO THE LITHOLOGICAL MODELING OF CLINOFORM-TYPE DEPOSITS
Authors: SIDOROV Andrey A.
Published: April 2022

With the depletion of large oilfields, prospects are associated with non-structural deposits, bounded by impermeable mudstone layers. Reservoir of this type is typical for the Achimov deposits of the West Siberian Neocomian complex, formed in a deep-sea marine conditions. The clinoform type horizons are characterized by nonconformal bedding, as well as a complex lithological structure caused by sea level fluctuations. These features limit the applying of interpolation and stochastic mapping methods for lithological modeling and make it relevant to develop approaches that take into account the physical principles of the sedimentation process.
The article proposes an approach that is often used in basin modeling, in which the sedimentation is presented as the result of a diffusion process. The problem of two-component turbulent diffusion with advection in a quasi-stationary formulation is considered. The diffusion coefficients, as well as the equation term responsible for sediment deposition, are functions of the sea depth. An explicit difference scheme is written for the thickness of accumulated deposits. A stationary diffusion equation is solved on each time layer using the variational gridding method for the concentration of each component.
As a test example, a map of the seabed surface was generated and one transgressive-regressive cycle was simulated. As a result, a typical clinocyclite was obtained. It contains sandstone layers on the shelf, a sandy-siltstone body on the seabed slope and a shale topset bed formed during the maximum flooding period.
METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND FILTRATION PARAMETERS FOR HYDRODYNAMIC COMPOSITIONAL MODELS
Authors: GILMANOV Alexander Ya. , Mikhaylin Ivan L. , SHEVELEV Alexander P.
Published: April 2022

The calculation of phase behavior is important for choosing a rational mode of development of oil and gas fields. However, solving equations of state and material balance by traditional methods is associated with difficulties: Cardano’s formula allows finding only the roots of a cubic equation, the dichotomy method requires the selection of a segment on which there is only one root. Newton’s iterative method allows finding only one root under given conditions. Another important problem in hydrodynamic simulation is the uncertainty of the relative phase permeability of oil during three-phase filtration. It is proposed for the first time to use the algorithm of sequential division of Euclidean polynomials and Sturm’s theorem to calculate phase behavior. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for calculating phase behavior and determining the area of increased uncertainty of relative phase permeability of oil. This area is defined as a set of phase saturation values at which relative phase permeabilities of oil according to Stone 1st and 2d models differ by more than 10%.
The proposed methodology makes it possible to predict areas of metastable states. The possibility of calculating the roots of material balance equations that do not have physical meaning is excluded.
For a model three-phase system, an area of increased uncertainty of relative phase permeability of oil is determined.
It is shown that it is possible to determine all real roots of the equations. The proposed metho­dology makes it possible to refine forecast calculations for gas condensate fields.
Benchmarking in the Model of Organization Sustainable Development
Authors: Maslennikov V. V.
Published: April 2022

Sustainable development of any organization today demands from business executives thoughtfulness, strategic approach and capability to build business-models that take into account fast changing trends on market and in society. For this end it is necessary to be able to analyze market and customers, to study the degree of impact of political, social and other external factors on organization functioning. The article shows that during business modeling it is possible to use different tools, whose choice can identify the ability of the organization to adapt to changes, to adjust to them and be sustainable. Some executives use the experience of big companies-leaders on market to provide successful functioning of the business-model. This is the way to overcome the crisis and the effective method to modernize this business-model and adjust it to the sphere of organization work. Studying the companies’ experience and analyzing the external environment are connected with such a process as benchmarking. According to the author, its use can give an opportunity not only to take into account competitors’ experience for plotting the own strategy of development but to re-build organization architecture in order to reach high results. Benchmarking includes marketing analysis of market, customer research, study of all the factors influencing the organization, investigation of market segmentation depending on seasons of the year and other important facts. Benchmarking also includes control tools.
Transformational Changes in Demand and Supply on Food Markets during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Maksimova T. P. , Bondarenko N. E.
Published: April 2022

The article studies specific features of transformational changes both in national economy in general and on sectoral markets in particular due to COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that we can observe fundamental transformation of customer behavior towards the increasing demand for goods providing essential needs, which in the future can result in shaping new sustainable behavior models on food market. It proves the necessity to control prices on the part of state. By researching economic effects of transforming the structure of foods consumption and their supply the authors draw a conclusion that the key share in production structure and dynamic of agricultural produce output belongs to big economic forms, they also put forward a hypothesis about keeping the trend towards integration on the part of supply. The trends identified by the authors in the field can give an opportunity to devise in the future alternative models of scenario forecasts of trends in developing small and large economic structures in the effective institutional conditions. The article also studies the importance of product customization as a factor of sustainability of small economic structures.