bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A physically consistent particle method for high-viscous free-surface flow calculation
Authors: Kondo Masahiro , Fujiwara Takahiro , Masaie Issei , Matsumoto Junichi
Published: April 2021

Particle methods for high-viscous free-surface flows are of great use to capture flow behaviors which are intermediate between solid and liquid. In general, it is important for numerical methods to satisfy the fundamental laws of physics such as the conservation laws of mass and momentum and the thermodynamic laws. Especially, the angular momentum conservation is necessary to calculate rotational motion of high-viscous objects. However, most of the particle methods do not satisfy the physical laws in their spatially discretized system. The angular momentum conservation law is broken mostly because of the viscosity models, which may result in physically strange behavior when high-viscous free-surface flow is calculated. In this study, a physically consistent particle method for high-viscous free-surface flows is developed. The present method was verified, and its performance was shown with calculating flow in a rotating circular pipe, high-viscous Taylor–Couette flow, and offset collision of a high-viscous object.
Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Concerns Among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: The COMPASS Survey
Authors: Ta Park Van , Dougan Marcelle , Meyer Oanh , Nam Bora , Tzuang Marian , Park Linda , Vuong Quyen , Tsoh Janice
Published: April 2021

Background

Understanding concerns for receiving COVID-19 vaccines is key to ensuring appropriately tailored health communications to increase vaccine uptake. However, limited data exists about vaccine concerns among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI).

Methods

Data from the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI Survey Study (COMPASS), a cross-sectional, national survey for AAPI adults in the U.S. were used (N=1,646). Descriptive statistics were used to assess sample characteristics including proportions of AAPI with various COVID-19 vaccine concerns, categorized as none, side-effects only, unsafe only, and multiple reasons, and differences in vaccine concerns by socio-demographics. Ordinary multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between a characteristic and having any vaccine concerns.

Results

Overall, 76% of the respondents reported having at ≥1 concerns about the vaccine. The most common concern was side effects (65%). Vietnamese Americans reported less concerns (vs. Chinese Americans). Those who were 30-39 and 40-49 years old (vs. <30), females (vs. males), and experienced mild negative impacts from COVID-19 on family income/employment (vs. no change) reported more concerns about the vaccine. Those who had less vaccine concerns were those who reported higher (vs. low) health status, ≥60 years old (vs. <30), and separated/divorced/widowed (vs. single).

Discussion

AAPI is a diverse population and this study revealed differences in vaccine concerns across AAPI groups. Findings revealed potential targets for patient education needs. Effective strategies to address various vaccine concerns across subgroups of AAPI will be crucial to ensure equity in vaccination uptake.
A Workload-Adaptive Streaming Partitioner for Distributed Graph Stores
Authors: Davoudian Ali , Chen Liu , Tu Hongwei , Liu Mengchi
Published: April 2021

Streaming graph partitioning methods have recently gained attention due to their ability to scale to very large graphs with limited resources. However, many such methods do not consider workload and graph characteristics. This may degrade the performance of queries by increasing inter-node communication and computational load imbalance. Moreover, existing workload-aware methods cannot consistently provide good performance as they do not consider dynamic workloads that keep emerging in graph applications. We address these issues by proposing a novel workload-adaptive streaming partitioner named WASP, that aims to achieve low-latency and high-throughput online graph queries. As each workload typically contains frequent query patterns, WASP exploits the existing workload to capture active vertices and edges which are frequently visited and traversed, respectively. This information is used to heuristically improve the quality of partitions either by avoiding the concentration of active vertices in a few partitions proportional to their visit frequencies or by reducing the probability of the cut of active edges proportional to their traversal frequencies. In order to assess the impact of WASP on a graph store and to show how easily the approach can be plugged on top of the system, we exploit it in a distributed graph-based RDF store. Our experiments over three synthetic and real-world graph datasets and the corresponding static and dynamic query workloads show that WASP achieves a better query performance against state-of-the-art graph partitioners, especially in dynamic query workloads.
Contested Daily Routines, Contested Care. Children with Type 1 Diabetes in Covid-19 Times
Authors: Şahinol Melike , Başkavak Gülşah
Published: April 2021

The conventional treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is especially demanding for children, both physically and psychologically (Iversen et al. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being,13(1), 1487758, 2018). Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (CGM) are an important aid for children and their families in dealing with the disease. In their work, however, Şahinol and Başkavak (2020) point out that CGM carry the risk of viewing T1D as a technologically solvable problem instead of considering the disease as a whole. This is mainly creating confidence in technology due to CGM experiences while neglecting significant dietary measures and exercises needed to be integrated into daily routines. During the current pandemic, this problem seems to take on a whole new level. Based on two periods of in-depth interviews and observations conducted with 8 families with T1D children aged 6 to 14 living in Istanbul and Ankara (Turkey) from May to November 2019 and again from May to June 2020, we compare and focus on the experiences prior to and during the pandemic time. We argue that despite the possibility of technological regulation of the disease, the vulnerability of children is increased and, more than ever, depends on socio-bio-technical entanglements.
Attitude Reports
Authors: Grano Thomas
Published: April 2021

Propositional attitude reports are sentences built around clause-embedding psychological verbs, like Kim believes that it's raining or Kim wants it to rain. These interact in many intricate ways with a wide variety of semantically relevant grammatical phenomena, and represent one of the most important topics at the interface of linguistics and philosophy, as their study provides insight into foundational questions about meaning. This book provides a bird's-eye overview of the grammar of propositional attitude reports, synthesizing the key facts, theories, and open problems in their analysis. Couched in the theoretical framework of generative grammar and compositional truth-conditional semantics, it places emphasis on points of intersection between propositional attitude reports and other important topics in semantic and syntactic theory. With discussion points, suggestions for further reading and a useful guide to symbols and conventions, it will be welcomed by students and researchers wishing to explore this fertile area of study.
Rashi, Biblical Interpretation, and Latin Learning in Medieval Europe
Authors: Cohen Mordechai Z.
Published: April 2021

In this volume, Mordechai Z. Cohen explores the interpretive methods of Rashi of Troyes (1040–1105), the most influential Jewish Bible commentator of all time. By elucidating the 'plain sense' (peshat) of Scripture, together with critically selected midrashic interpretations, Rashi created an approach that was revolutionary in the talmudically-oriented Ashkenazic milieu. Cohen contextualizes Rashi's commentaries by examining influences from other centers of Jewish learning in Muslim Spain and Byzantine lands. He also opens new scholarly paths by comparing Rashi's methods with trends in Latin learning reflected in the Psalms commentary of his older contemporary, Saint Bruno the Carthusian (1030–1101). Drawing upon the Latin tradition of enarratio poetarum ('interpreting the poets'), Bruno applied a grammatical interpretive method and incorporated patristic commentary selectively, a parallel that Cohen uses to illuminate Rashi's exegetical values. Cohen thereby brings to light the novel literary conceptions manifested by Rashi and his key students, Josef Qara and Rashbam.
The Education System between Private Business and the State: The Antagonism and Synergies of Industrial and State Paternalism in the Vítkovice Company Town (1869–1914)
Authors: Gecko Tomáš , Kaucká Kristýna
Published: April 2021

This article aims at analyzing, within the scope of industrial and state paternalism, the interdependent dynamics between employer (Witkowitzer Bergbau- und Eisenhüttengewerkschaft), employee, and the Austro-Hungarian state, taking as an example the development of the education system of the Vítkovice (Witkowitz) company town, located in Moravia, one of the crown lands of the Habsburg Monarchy. The opening point of our research is the year 1869, when the so-called Hasner school law was adopted. The closing point is February 1914, with its new intervention into educational policy in the crown land of Moravia.
Bashir Bashir and Amos Goldberg, eds., The Holocaust and the Nakba: A New Grammar of Trauma and History
Authors: Bergen Doris L. , Eley Geoff , Jockusch Laura , Ther Philipp , Tusan Michelle , Beck Teresa Koloma , Bashir Bashir , Goldberg Amos
Published: April 2021

Bashir Bashir, Amos Goldberg, and seventeen contributors have produced a powerful and incisive book that deserves the attention of everyone interested in central European history. Bashir and Goldberg's volume engages readers methodologically as well as intellectually, politically, ethically, and personally. It challenges us to think, write, and do things differently, to take risks, and to welcome the invigorating and disruptive presence of people in every aspect of our work.
REDUCTIONS OF POINTS ON ALGEBRAIC GROUPS, II
Authors: BRUIN PETER , PERUCCA ANTONELLA
Published: April 2021

Let A be the product of an abelian variety and a torus over a number field K, and let
$$m \ge 2$$
be a square-free integer. If
$\alpha \in A(K)$
is a point of infinite order, we consider the set of primes
$\mathfrak p$
of K such that the reduction
$(\alpha \bmod \mathfrak p)$
is well defined and has order coprime to m. This set admits a natural density, which we are able to express as a finite sum of products of
$\ell$
-adic integrals, where
$\ell$
varies in the set of prime divisors of m. We deduce that the density is a rational number, whose denominator is bounded (up to powers of m) in a very strong sense. This extends the results of the paper Reductions of points on algebraic groups by Davide Lombardo and the second author, where the case m prime is established.
Steady-state flows in a visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic model of tokamak plasmas with inhomogeneous heating
Authors: Roverc'h E. , Oueslati H. , Firpo M.-C.
Published: April 2021

The axisymmetric visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic steady states allowing flows (i.e. non-vanishing velocity fields) are computed for a toroidal JET-like geometry. It is shown that a spatially inhomogeneous heating of moderate magnitude leads to an increase of typical toroidal speeds with respect to the situation with uniform temperature with identical mean Hartmann numbers. A symmetry argument is introduced to capture the symmetry breaking, induced by the temperature gradient, that produces a net toroidal plasma flow.
Antipsychotic treatment and risk of discontinuation and hospitalization in first-episode schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Joo Sung Woo , Kim Harin , Jo Young Tak , Choi Young Jae , Ahn Soojin , Lee Jungsun
Published: April 2021

Background

Current evidence on antipsychotic treatment and risk of psychiatric hospitalization in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) is largely based on the findings from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, the generalization of the findings to real-world patients is limited due to inherent caveats of the RCT. We aimed to investigate the treatment discontinuation and risk of psychiatric hospitalization using a nationwide population database.

Methods

The Health Insurance Review Agency database in South Korea was obtained, and the observation period started from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2016. We defined the maintenance period as the period from 6-month after the diagnosis of schizophrenia, which is utilized for the main results. For a total of 44 396 patients with FES, a within-individual Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of the treatment discontinuation and psychiatric hospitalization.

Results

In group comparison, a long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic group was associated with the lowest risk of the treatment discontinuation (0.64, 0.55–0.75) and psychiatric hospitalization (0.29, 0.22–0.38) in comparison with a typical antipsychotic group and no use, respectively. Among individual antipsychotics, the lowest risk of the treatment discontinuation was observed in LAI paliperidone (0.46, 0.37–0.66) compared to olanzapine. Clozapine was found to be the most effective antipsychotic in lowering the risk of psychiatric hospitalization as monotherapy compared to no use (0.23, 0.18–0.31).

Conclusions

In real-world patients with FES, LAI paliperidone and clozapine were associated with low treatment discontinuation and better effectiveness in lowering the risk of psychiatric hospitalization.
The impact of computer-aided concept mapping on EFL learners’ lexical diversity: A process writing experiment
Authors: Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Saffari Elahe , Rezaei Saeed
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, many second/foreign language (L2) academic writing instruction programs place a high premium on pre-writing strategies. The current study examined the effect of software-supported concept mapping on lexical diversity (LD) of English learners’ argumentative essays within a process writing framework. Additionally, the relationship between the learners’ LD and their overall writing quality was investigated. To this end, 53 university English as a foreign language (EFL) undergraduates were assigned to a computer-aided concept mapping (CACM) and a traditional outlining condition over a span of seven weeks. The CACM group was instructed through the graphic organizer software Inspiration®, whereas the comparison group underwent outlining instruction for planning their writing tasks. Measure of textual lexical diversity (MTLD) was used to assess the so-called D values of the assignments. The results revealed that the CACM group outperformed the outlining group in terms of LD scores. Also, no relationship was found between LD and overall quality of the essays. The findings provide L2 researchers and teachers with insights into understanding the use of CACM strategy in process writing. Moreover, exploiting MTLD afforded our experiment the opportunity to counteract potential pitfalls associated with text size. Further implications for the L2 teacher are also discussed.
Universal and unavoidable graphs
Authors: Bucić Matija , Draganić Nemanja , Sudakov Benny
Published: April 2021

The Turán number ex(n, H) of a graph H is the maximal number of edges in an H-free graph on n vertices. In 1983, Chung and Erdős asked which graphs H with e edges minimise ex(n, H). They resolved this question asymptotically for most of the range of e and asked to complete the picture. In this paper, we answer their question by resolving all remaining cases. Our result translates directly to the setting of universality, a well-studied notion of finding graphs which contain every graph belonging to a certain family. In this setting, we extend previous work done by Babai, Chung, Erdős, Graham and Spencer, and by Alon and Asodi.
Always imperfectly achieved rule of law: Comments on Jeremy Waldron
Authors: TAMANAHA BRIAN Z.
Published: April 2021

This commentary on Jeremy Waldron’s essay, ‘The Rule of Law and the Role of Courts’, applies a holistic perspective on the rule of law and judging situated within a broader complex of surrounding social, cultural, economic and political factors and institutions.
Does What We Know About Actors’ Real Lives
Authors: Tal-Or Nurit , Sela Shani , Igumnov Israel , Milwidsky Hanoch Dov , Rafaeli Benjamin , Sanilevich Michael
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The current study examines the effect of the valence of information provided about an actor on viewers’ identification with the character played by that actor and enjoyment of watching the film. The results from an experiment we conducted demonstrate that the valence of information about an actor influences identification with the character through the mediation of perceptions about the character’s traits and through transportation into the narrative. Information about the actor also indirectly affects the enjoyment of watching the film. We discuss these effects using the concepts of mental models, priming, and the fundamental attribution error as well as transportation theory.
On the Role of Generation Rules in Moderating the Beneficial Effects of Errorful Generation
Authors: Clark Courtney M. , Bjork Elizabeth L. , Bjork Robert A.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In participants’ learning of semantically related paired associates, such as whale-mammal, prior research has demonstrated that having participants first attempt to predict what the to-be-learned response to a given cue will be enhances subsequent cued recall of that response, even when such predictions are always wrong (e.g., Kornell et al., 2009 ). In six experiments, we evaluate the importance of such error-prone predictions having a semantic basis – versus an acoustic (rhyming) basis. Our results show that both semantic generation as well as semantically related materials seem necessary if errorful generation is to have positive effects; generation based on other rules and materials does not aid learning. Learners are not, however, metacognitively aware of such benefits of generating errors.
Origin of Electron‐Scale Magnetic Fluctuations Close to an Electron Diffusion Region
Authors: Hoilijoki S. , Pucci F. , Ergun R. E. , Schwartz S. J. , Wilder F. D. , Eriksson S. , Chasapis A. , Ahmadi N. , Webster J. M. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Strangeway R. J. , Giles B. L.
Published: April 2021

During a dayside magnetopause crossing, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission observed a series of magnetic depletions in the total magnetic field, mainly due to the fluctuation of the component normal to the magnetopause. These fluctuations are adjacent to signatures suggesting that the MMS is at, or close to (<di), a magnetic reconnection electron diffusion region (EDR). The temporal and spatial scales of the fluctuations are too short for the ions to be affected. In this paper we investigate the origin of these fluctuations, finding that they can develop from temporal variations of the reconnection rate at the nearby EDR. Indeed asymmetric reconnecting current sheets, and the nearby regions, are subject to multiple different instabilities, and may be affected by waves and turbulence activity. Here we suggest such oscillations in the normal component of the magnetic field can be interpreted either as i) electron‐scale structures, forming due to changes in the outflow speed and the corresponding changes in the angle between the separatrices, causing magnetic field to pile up or ii) electron vortices generated by enhanced sheared electron outflows, driving electron‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.
Out‐of‐Phase Decadal Change in Drought Over Northeast China Between Early Spring and Late Summer Around 2000 and Its Linkage to the Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Hu Yuepeng , Zhou Botao , Han Tingting , Li Huixin , Wang Huijun
Published: April 2021

Based on the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, this article presents that the primary mode (i.e., a monosign pattern) of drought over Northeast China (NEC) in early spring (February‐March‐April, FMA) and late summer (July‐August‐September, JAS) shows an out‐of‐phase decadal change, which is characterized with a wetting polarity in FMA while a drying polarity in JAS approximately after 2000 as compared to the counterparts before that time. Such an out‐of‐phase decadal change is generally supported by the decadal changes in atmospheric circulations. Compared to the former period, during the latter period, the equivalent barotropic cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies dominate northeastern Asia and an anomalous ascending occupies NEC in FMA (JAS), which help to alleviate (aggravate) drought over NEC. In addition, decreases in water vapor transport toward the NEC region act in the aggravation of drought in JAS, while the variation of drought in FMA is not closely connected to the change in water vapor transport. Further analyses indicate that the shifts of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical and mid‐high latitude Atlantic Ocean from a cold phase to a warm phase also play a role in the decadal change of drought in FMA and JAS, respectively, through their influences on the above atmospheric circulations with the aid of downstream propagation of wave trains. Hence, the seasonal dependence of the Atlantic SST and atmospheric circulations contributes to the out‐of‐phase decadal change of drought in NEC.
Asymmetric Impacts on Mars’ Polar Vortices From an Equinoctial Global Dust Storm
Authors: Streeter Paul M. , Lewis Stephen R. , Patel Manish R. , Holmes James A. , Fedorova Anna A. , Kass David M. , Kleinböhl Armin
Published: April 2021

Mars possesses dynamical features called polar vortices: regions of cold, isolated air over the poles circumscribed by powerful westerly jets which can act as barriers to transport to dust, water, and chemical species. The 2018 Global Dust Storm was observed by multiple orbiters and offered a valuable opportunity to study the effects of such a storm on polar dynamics. To this end, we assimilate data from the Mars Climate Sounder and Atmospheric Chemistry Suite into a Mars Global Climate Model. We find that the storm had asymmetrical hemispherical impacts, with the northern vortex remaining relatively robust while the southern vortex was substantially diminished in its intensity. We propose that this asymmetry was due both to the storm’s latitudinal extent, as it extended further south than north, and to its equinoctial timing, occurring as the southern vortex was already decaying. We show that both polar vortices, in particular the northern, were reduced in ellipticity by the storm. There was a well‐correlated reduction in stationary topographic wave activity at high latitudes in both hemispheres. We demonstrate that the characteristic elliptical Martian polar vortex shape is the pattern of the stationary waves, which was suppressed by the shifting of the polar jet away from regions of high mechanical forcing (north) or reduction of polar jet intensity by a reduced meridional temperature gradient (south). These asymmetric effects suggest increased transport into the southern (but not northern) polar region during global dust storms at northern autumn equinox, and more longitudinally symmetric transport around both poles.
Numerical Simulations of Meanders Migrating Laterally as They Incise Into Bedrock
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Mishra Jagriti , Parker Gary
Published: April 2021

The problem of meandering in mixed bedrock‐alluvial rivers is more challenging than that of purely alluvial streams, in that alluvial, bed incisional and bank incisional morphodynamics must be accounted for. Here we present a numerical formulation that addresses heretofore unanswered questions. Bed incision is based on abrasion due to saltating grains. The model satisfies mass conservation of alluvium over a partially covered bedrock surface. Bank incision is treated in terms of a measure of the incipient collision of bedload particles with the bank. It is assumed that land accretes along the inside of point bars when the water depth falls below a specified shallow value. All but one of the runs are performed with repetitive two‐step hydrographs. Runs starting from a low‐amplitude sine‐generated curve indicate that sinuosities at least as high as 2.5 can be achieved. The rate of increase of sinuosity declines in time, but does not vanish. For the same hydrograph, increasing the initial thickness of alluvium on the bed causes the rate of vertical bedrock incision to decline, and bend sinuosity to increase at a faster rate. At a sufficiently high thickness, the channel migrates laterally without bed lowering. Bend shape can change dramatically with increasing alluvial thickness, with high thickness favoring more regular bend trains. For the same initial alluvial thickness, increasing the peak flow of the hydrograph causes the vertical incision rate and the rate of sinuosity growth to increase. The model thus captures a wide range of behavior associated with bedrock meandering.
Photobiomodulation prevents PTSD-like memory impairments in rats
Authors: Li Yong , Dong Yan , Yang Luodan , Tucker Lorelei , Zong Xuemei , Brann Darrell , Hamblin Michael R. , Vazdarjanova Almira , Zhang Quanguang
Published: April 2021

A precise fear memory encoding a traumatic event enables an individual to avoid danger and identify safety. An impaired fear memory (contextual amnesia), however, puts the individual at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the inability to identify a safe context when encountering trauma-associated cues later in life. Although it is gaining attention that contextual amnesia is a critical etiologic factor for PTSD, there is no treatment currently available that can reverse contextual amnesia, and whether such treatment can prevent the development of PTSD is unknown. Here, we report that (I) a single dose of transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) applied immediately after tone fear conditioning can reverse contextual amnesia. PBM treatment preserved an appropriately high level of contextual fear memory in rats revisiting the “dangerous” context, while control rats displayed memory impairment. (II) A single dose of PBM applied after memory recall can reduce contextual fear during both contextual and cued memory testing. (III) In a model of complex PTSD with repeated trauma, rats given early PBM interventions efficiently discriminated safety from danger during cued memory testing and, importantly, these rats did not develop PTSD-like symptoms and comorbidities. (IV) Finally, we report that fear extinction was facilitated when PBM was applied in the early intervention window of memory consolidation. Our results demonstrate that PBM treatment applied immediately after a traumatic event or its memory recall can protect contextual fear memory and prevent the development of PTSD-like psychopathological fear in rats.
Hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant effects of running exercise
Authors: Wang Jin , Tang Jing , Liang Xin , Luo Yanmin , Zhu Peilin , Li Yue , Xiao Kai , Jiang Lin , Yang Hao , Xie Yuhan , Zhang Lei , Deng Yuhui , Li Jing , Tang Yong
Published: April 2021

Running exercise was shown to have a positive effect on depressive-like symptoms in many studies, but the underlying mechanism of running exercise in the treatment of depression has not been determined. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+ interneurons), a main subtype of GABA neurons, were shown to be decreased in the brain during the depression. PGC-1α, a molecule that is strongly related to running exercise, was shown to regulate PV+ interneurons. In the present study, we found that running exercise increased the expression of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of depressed mice. Adult male mice with PGC-1α gene silencing in the hippocampus ran on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behavior was evaluated by the behavioral tests, and the PV+ interneurons in the hippocampus were investigated. We found that running exercise could not improve depressive-like symptoms or increase the gene expression of PV because of the lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus. Moreover, a lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus decreased the number and activity of PV+ interneurons in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, and running exercise could not reverse the pathological changes because of the lack of PGC-1α. The present study demonstrated that running exercise regulates PV+ interneurons through PGC-1α in the hippocampus of mice to reverse depressive-like behaviors. These data indicated that hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant actions of running exercise. Our results will help elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of running exercise and identify new targets for antidepressant treatment.
Searching for treatments for non-G12C-KRAS mutant cancers
Authors: Guo Christina , Banerji Udai
Published: April 2021

KRAS mutations drive a wide variety of cancers. Drugs targeting the protein product of KRASG12C mutations are currently being evaluated show preliminary efficacy in clinical trials. A clinical trial of VS-6766, a dual RAF–MEK inhibitor, has reported early single agent activity in non-G12C mutated KRAS driven cancers.
Topological phase transition and single/multi anyon dynamics of Z2 spin liquid
Authors: Yan Zheng , Wang Yan-Cheng , Ma Nvsen , Qi Yang , Meng Zi Yang
Published: April 2021

Among the quantum many-body models that host anyon excitation and topological orders, quantum dimer models (QDM) provide a suitable playground for studying the relation between single-anyon and multi-anyon continuum spectra. However, as the prototypical correlated system with local constraints, the generic solution of QDM at different lattice geometry and parameter regimes is still missing due to the lack of controlled methodologies. Here we obtain, via sweeping cluster quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, the excitation spectra in different phases of the triangular lattice QDM. Our results reveal the single vison excitations inside the Z2 quantum spin liquid (QSL) and its condensation towards the $$\sqrt{12}\times \sqrt{12}$$

12

×

12

valence bond solid (VBS), and demonstrate the translational symmetry fractionalization and emergent O(4) symmetry at the QSL-VBS transition. We find the single vison excitations, whose convolution qualitatively reproduces the dimer spectra, are not free but subject to interaction effects throughout the transition. The nature of the VBS with its O(4) order parameters are unearthed in full scope. Our approach opens the avenue for generic solution of the static and dynamic properties of QDMs and has relevance towards the realization and detection of fractional excitations in programmable quantum simulators.
Publisher Correction: Prototype REBCO Z1 and Z2 shim coils for ultra high-field high-temperature superconducting NMR magnets
Authors: Park Dongkeun , Lee Jiho , Bascuñán Juan , Li Zhuyong , Iwasa Yukikazu
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Real-life medium term follow-up data for intravitreal dexamethasone implant in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Wecker Thomas , Grundel Bastian , Grundel Milena , Bründer Marie-Christine , Trick Simon , Lange Clemens , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Stahl Andreas
Published: April 2021

Macular edema (ME) is the most frequent vision threatening consequence after retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In this study, we evaluate the effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implants (DII, Ozurdex) in a real-life cohort of 99 patients with ME due to RVO. All patients who received DII for ME following RVO between 2011 and 2016 at the University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Germany and who had fully accessible electronic medical records were eligible for this study. Most of the patients included in this study were not treatment-naïve: 61 eyes had received prior anti-VEGF drugs, 6 eyes had received intravitreal corticosteroids (triamcinolone) and 15 had been treated with both; 17 eyes were treatment-naïve. Mean follow-up was 312 ± 310 days. Mean visual acuity (VA) was maintained throughout the observation period (mean VA at baseline: 66.7 ± 23.5 letters; at last observation 64.9 ± 28.3). Central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 526 ± 179 µm at baseline to 431 ± 199 µm. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased from 14.4 ± 3.1 mmHg at baseline to 17.1 ± 6.3 mmHg. Cataract surgery was performed in 22% of phakic eyes. DII was used as second-line treatment in the majority of cases in this cohort. The fact that mean VA remained unchanged while mean CRT decreased illustrates that morphologic improvement does not always translate into functional gain. Mean IOP was maintained within normal limits and cataract formation was as expected in this age group.
Publisher Correction: Predicting how color and shape combine in the human visual system to direct attention
Authors: Buetti Simona , Xu Jing , Lleras Alejandro
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Effort-dependent effects on uniform and diverse muscle activity features in skilled pitching
Authors: Hashimoto Tsubasa , Takiyama Ken , Miki Takeshi , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Nasu Daiki , Ijiri Tetsuya , Kuwata Masumi , Kashino Makio , Nakazawa Kimitaka
Published: April 2021

How do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions. Contrastingly, they show individually different pitching motions, such as in wind-up or follow-through. Despite the generality of the uniform and diverse features, effort-dependent effects on these features are unclear. Here, we reveal the effort dependence based on muscle activity data in natural three-dimensional pitching performed by skilled players. We extract motor modules and their effort dependence from the muscle activity data via tensor decomposition. Then, we reveal the unknown relations among motor modules, common features, unique features, and effort dependence. The current study clarifies that common features are obvious in distinguishing between low and high effort and that unique features are evident in differentiating high and highest efforts.
Copper on chitosan-modified cellulose filter paper as an efficient dip catalyst for ATRP of MMA
Authors: Feiz Elham , Mahyari Mojtaba , Ghaieni Hamid Reza , Tavangar Saeed
Published: April 2021

Achieving an efficient catalyst in the ATRP system with a simple design, preparation from available materials, and high recyclability is a significant challenging issue. To attain the goal, herein, we used chitosan (CS)-modified cellulose filter paper (FP) as a green support for the synthesis of dip catalyst. The preparation of this catalyst involved surface treatment of the FP strips by CS coating through a dipping method, which increased the affinity of the substrate for adsorbing copper ions in the next step. The Cu@CS-FP catalyst was prepared without the requirement of any ligands. The synthesized dip-catalyst, in the form of the strips, was employed for the first time in the ATRP reaction of methyl methacrylate to assay catalytic activity. Catalytic insertion/ removal (ON/OFF) experiments were carried out during the polymerization. A reasonable control over the molecular weight with high conversion (68%) and polydispersity index of 1.32 under mild reaction conditions were obtained. Significantly, because of the facile separation of the catalyst, the amount of copper that remained in the polymer was very low (2.7 ppm). Also, the recyclability of the catalyst was investigated for five runs. The conversion in the final run was 64% without a loss of catalyst efficiency.
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Authors: Rhim Ha-Young , Won Sae-Yeon , Kashefiolasl Sepide , Brawanski Nina , Hattingen Elke , Berkefeld Joachim , Seifert Volker , Konczalla Juergen
Published: April 2021

Patient care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) is challenging. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasingly common in the routine clinical practice. We evaluated the impact of infection with MDROs on outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A single-center retrospective analysis of SAH cases involving patients treated in the neuro-ICU was performed. The outcome was assessed 6 months after SAH using the modified Rankin Scale [mRS, favorable (0–2) and unfavorable (3–6)]. Data were compared by matched-pair analysis. Patient characteristics were well matched in the MDRO (n = 61) and control (n = 61) groups. In this center, one nurse was assigned to a two-bed room. If a MDRO was detected, the patient was isolated, and the nurse was assigned to the patient infected with the MDRO. In the MDRO group, 29 patients (48%) had a favorable outcome, while 25 patients (41%) in the control group had a favorable outcome; the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Independent prognostic factors for unfavorable outcomes were worse status at admission (OR = 3.1), concomitant intracerebral hematoma (ICH) (OR = 3.7), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) (OR = 6.8). Infection with MRDOs did not have a negative impact on the outcome in SAH patients. Slightly better outcomes were observed in SAH patients infected with MDROs, suggesting the benefit of individual care.
Plasma fetal bile acids 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid indicate severity of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Mocan Tudor , Kang Dong Wook , Molloy Billy J. , Jeon Hyeonho , Spârchez Zeno A. , Beyoğlu Diren , Idle Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2021

Two 3-oxo-Δ4 fetal bile acids, 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid (1) and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid (2), occur normally in the human fetus but remain elevated in neonates and children with severe cholestatic liver disease due to an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism affecting Δ4-3-oxo-steroid 5β-reductase (AKR1D1). Relatively little is known about 1 and 2 in adult patients with liver disease. The chemical synthesis of 1 and 2 is therefore described and their quantitation in plasma by ultrarapid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of 1 and 2 were investigated in 25 adult patients with varying degrees of liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Highly statistically significant correlations (P < 0.0001) were found between severity of liver cirrhosis, determined by the Child–Pugh and MELD scores, with plasma 1 and 2 concentrations, both alone and combined. The presence of HCC did not influence these correlations. Plasma cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic or ursodeoxycholic acids, free and as their glycine or taurine conjugates, did not correlate with Child–Pugh or MELD score when corrected for multiple comparisons. These findings demonstrate that plasma levels of fetal bile acids 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and likely deteriorating AKR1D1 activity indicate the severity of liver cirrhosis measured by the Child–Pugh and MELD scores.
Author Correction: A new tool to sense pH changes at the neuromuscular junction synaptic cleft
Authors: Blaustein Matías , Wirth Sonia , Saldaña Gustavo , Piantanida Ana Paula , Bogetti María Eugenia , Martin María Eugenia , Colman-Lerner Alejandro , Uchitel Osvaldo D.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Potential effect of bio-surfactants on sea spray generation in tropical cyclone conditions
Authors: Vanderplow Breanna , Soloviev Alexander V. , Dean Cayla W. , Haus Brian K. , Lukas Roger , Sami Muhammad , Ginis Isaac
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking in lasing dynamics
Authors: Yu Deshui , Vollmer Frank
Published: April 2021

Parity-time (PT) symmetric lasers exploit the modulation of optical gain and loss and have led to important fundamental demonstrations in non-Hermitian physics. The current theoretical analysis of PT-symmetric laser physics is performed on the basis of the adiabatic elimination of the medium polarization. This approximation doesn’t hold true for a more general optical system with strong photon-particle interactions, where the Rabi oscillation of active particles plays a non-negligible role in the lasing action. Here, we propose a model that takes into account the internal dynamics of active particles and numerically investigate the PT symmetry of macroscopic- and microscopic-sized laser systems that operate in the strong-coupling regime. The distinct phase diagrams are drawn according to the features of intracavity photon numbers and emission spectra. Our work extends the PT-symmetric optics from the weak- to the strong-coupling limit, potentially paving the way towards nonclassical PT-symmetric light sources for integrated photonic networks and ultrasensitive sensors.
First-passage times to quantify and compare structural correlations and heterogeneity in complex systems
Authors: Bassolas Aleix , Nicosia Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

Virtually all the emergent properties of complex systems are rooted in the non-homogeneous nature of the behaviours of their elements and of the interactions among them. However, heterogeneity and correlations appear simultaneously at multiple relevant scales, making it hard to devise a systematic approach to quantify them. We develop here a scalable and non-parametric framework to characterise the presence of heterogeneity and correlations in a complex system, based on normalised mean first passage times between preassigned classes of nodes. We showcase a variety of concrete applications, including the quantification of polarisation in the UK Brexit referendum and the roll-call votes in the US Congress, the identification of key players in disease spreading, and the comparison of spatial segregation of US cities. These results show that the diffusion structure of a system is indeed a defining aspect of the complexity of its organisation and functioning.
Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite for selective electrothermal catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into ethanol
Authors: Sans Jordi , Revilla-López Guillem , Sanz Vanesa , Puiggalí Jordi , Turon Pau , Alemán Carlos
Published: April 2021

The selective production of ethanol has been achieved by fixing carbon from CO2 and CH4. The reaction, which is based on the electro-reduction of CO2, is catalysed by polarized hydroxyapatite and occurs under mild reaction conditions.
Transfer and toxicity of silver nanoparticles in the food chain
Authors: Dang Fei , Huang Yingnan , Wang Yujun , Zhou Dongmei , Xing Baoshan
Published: April 2021

Biodynamic,in vivo, and omics-based approaches will capture the complex ecological interactions of AgNPs with non-target organisms.
Novel fluorinated ring-fused chlorins as promising PDT agents against melanoma and esophagus cancer
Authors: Pereira Nelson A. M. , Laranjo Mafalda , Nascimento Bruno F. O. , Simões João C. S. , Pina João , Costa Bruna D. P. , Brites Gonçalo , Braz João , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio , Pineiro Marta , Botelho Maria Filomena , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: April 2021

Novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, derived from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, as impressive photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of melanoma and esophagus cancer have been developed.
Role of structural rigidity and collective behaviour in the molecular design of gas hydrate anti-agglomerants
Authors: Sicard François , Striolo Alberto
Published: April 2021

Synthetic anti-agglomerant molecules are surface active compounds used to prevent the growth of methane hydrates in the petroleum industry.
NiFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42−/Cu/Co nanoparticles: a novel, efficient, magnetically recyclable and bimetallic catalyst for Pd-free Suzuki, Heck and C–N cross-coupling reactions in aqueous media
Authors: Alavi G. Seyyedeh Ameneh , Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Kazemnejadi Milad , Allahresani Ali , HussainZadeh Mahdi
Published: April 2021

The novel heterogeneous bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu–Co were synthesized and successfully applied as a recyclable magnetically catalyst in Heck, Suzuki, and C–N cross-coupling via a quick, easy, efficacious and environmentally protocol.
Enhancing the signal contrast ratio and stability of liquid crystal-based sensors by using fine grids made by photolithography of photoresists
Authors: Chang Jung-Jung , Huang Jhih-Wei , Lin Chun-Feng , Liu Shun-Wei , Chen Chih-Hsin
Published: April 2021

We prepared fine grid patterns on a glass substrate through photolithography of photoresists; we filled photoresist grids with liquid crystals (LCs) to construct LC-based sensors.
An acoustic field-based conformal transfection system for improving the gene delivery efficiency
Authors: Xie Liting , Wang Jieqiong , Zhao Shuai , Lai Man Lin , Jiang Tianan , Yan Fei
Published: April 2021

An acoustic field-based conformal transfection system for improving the gene delivery efficiency, which provides an effective ultrasound-based gene delivery approach, especially for suspension-cultured cells.
Multicomponent-assembled nanodiamond hybrids for targeted and imaging guided triple-negative breast cancer therapy via a ternary collaborative strategy
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Deng Xiongwei , Liang Zhaoyuan , Lu Jianqing , Shao Leihou , Wang Xuan , Jia Fan , Pan Zian , Hu Qin , Xiao Xiangqian , Wu Yan , Sheng Wang
Published: April 2021

A multicomponent-assembled nanodiamond hybrid theranostic nanoplatform exhibits Cur/PDT/PTT ternary collaborative triple-negative breast cancer therapy via curcumin and IR780 co-delivery.
Selenium-driven enhancement of synergistic cancer chemo-/radiotherapy by targeting nanotherapeutics
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Yuan Zhongwen , Tang Zheng , Chen Qi , Huang Jiarun , He Lizhen , Chen Tianfeng
Published: April 2021

Herein we synthesize a cancer-targeted nanosystem of SeD@MSNs-FA as radiosensitizer to stimulate the excessive production of ROS and to activate the apoptosis-related pathway, to promote cell death in combination with radiation.
Mesoporous knitted inverse vulcanised polymers
Authors: Petcher Samuel , Zhang Bowen , Hasell Tom
Published: April 2021

A porous polymer is produced by the inverse vulcanisation of elemental sulfur and styrene, prior to a knitting reaction. The material can purify water by removing mercury.
Probing electrosynthetic reactions with furfural on copper surfaces
Authors: Li Junnan , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: April 2021

This work entails the integrated use of electrochemistry and operando Raman spectroscopy to probe the reduction of a biomass platform, furfural, to value-added chemicals on Cu electrodes.
A binuclear Co-based metal–organic framework towards efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhang QiaoQiao , Guan Jingqi
Published: April 2021

A binuclear Co-based MOF with Co coordinated to two tetrazolate N atoms shows overpotentials of 336 and 396 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER in 1 M KOH and 0.1 M KOH, respectively.
Visible-light-mediated multicomponent reaction for secondary amine synthesis
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Zhu Binbing , Dong Jianyang , Tian Hao , Liu Yuxiu , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin
Published: April 2021

The widespread presence of secondary amines in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural products, and small-molecule biological probes has inspired efforts to streamline the synthesis of molecules with this functional group.
On the activation of PhICl2 with pyridine
Authors: Poynder Tiffany B. , Chamorro Orué Analia I. , Tania  , Sharp-Bucknall Lachlan , Flynn Matthew T. , Wilson David J. D. , Athukorala Arachchige Kasun S. , Clegg Jack K. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: April 2021

PhICl2 reacts with pyridine to form a simple coordination complex via halogen bonding and does not result in an activated [PhI(Pyr)(Cl)]+ cation as previously proposed.