bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein family annotation for the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Proteome by DPCfam clustering
Authors: Barone Federico , Russo Elena Tea , Villegas Garcia Edith Natalia , Punta Marco , Cozzini Stefano , Ansuini Alessio , Cazzaniga Alberto
Published: April 2023

Technological advances in massively parallel sequencing have led to an exponential growth in the number of known protein sequences. Much of this growth originates from metagenomic projects producing new sequences from environmental and clinical samples. The Unified Human Gastrointestinal Proteome (UHGP) catalogue is one of the most relevant metagenomic datasets with applications ranging from medicine to biology. However, the lack of sequence annotation impairs its usability. This work aims to produce a family classification of UHGP sequences to facilitate downstream structural and functional annotation. This is achieved through the release of theDPCfam-UHGP50 datasetcontaining 10,778 putative protein families generated using DPCfam clustering, an unsupervised pipeline grouping sequences into multi-domain architectures. DPCfam-UHGP50 considerably improves family coverage at protein and residue levels compared to the manually curated repository Pfam. It is our hope that DPCfam-UHGP50 will foster future discoveries in the field of metagenomics of the human gut by the release of a FAIR-compliant database easily accessible via a searchable web server and Zenodo repository.
White matter plasticity during second language learning within and across hemispheres
Authors: Wei Xuehu , Gunter Thomas C. , Adamson Helyne , Schwendemann Matthias , Friederici Angela D. , Goucha Tomás , Anwander Alfred
Published: April 2023

Adult second language (L2) learning is a challenging enterprise inducing neuroplastic changes in the human brain. However, it remains unclear how the structural language connectome and its subnetworks change during adult L2-learning. The current study investigated longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) language networks in each hemisphere, as well as their interconnection, in a large group of Arabic-speaking adults who learned German intensively for six months. We found a significant increase in WM-connectivity within bilateral temporal-parietal semantic and phonological subnetworks and right temporal-frontal pathways mainly in the second half of the learning period. At the same time, WM-connectivity between the two hemispheres decreased significantly. Crucially, these changes in WM-connectivity are correlated with L2 performance. The observed changes in subnetworks of the two hemispheres suggest a network reconfiguration due to lexical learning. The reduced interhemispheric connectivity may indicate a key role of the corpus callosum in L2-learning by reducing the inhibition of the language-dominant left hemisphere. Our study highlights the dynamic changes within and across hemispheres in adult language-related networks driven by L2 learning.

Significance

The neuroplastic changes induced by learning a second language (L2) in adulthood open up new perspectives for understanding brain function. The current study shows structural changes in the language network of Arabic native speakers who learned German intensively in two phases of three months each. We found a marked change in the left-hemispheric lexical-semantic language system and the right fronto-temporal pathway, accompanied by a decrease in white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum during L2 learning, which occurred mainly in the second period of L2 acquisition. The reduced interhemispheric connectivity suggests that the inhibitory role of the corpus callosum, relevant for native language processing, is reduced by L2 learning. Our findings demonstrate a clear experience-dependent structural plasticity in the human brain during L2 learning.
Unlocking Trypanosome Biology: A Comprehensive Protein-Tagging Toolkit for Localization and Functional Analysis
Authors: Paterou Athina , Týč Jiří , Sunter Jack , Vaughan Sue , Gull Keith , Dean Samuel
Published: April 2023

African trypanosomes are medically important parasites that cause Sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. In addition to their pathogenic role, they have emerged as valuable model organisms for studying fundamental biological processes. Protein tagging is a powerful tool for investigating protein localization and function. In a previous study, we developed two plasmids for rapid and reproducible protein tagging in trypanosomes, which enabled the localisation of all proteins in the trypanosome cell. However, the limited selection of fluorescent protein tags and selectable markers restricted the flexibility of this approach. Here, we present an expanded set of >100 vectors that utilizes universal primer annealing sequences, enabling protein tagging with a range of fluorescent and biochemical tags using five different selection markers. We evaluated the suitability of various fluorescent proteins for live cell imaging and determined their brightness and stability under different fixation conditions. Finally, we determined the optimal fluorescent protein for a set of specific experimental conditions demonstrating the utility of this toolkit.
Candida aurisundergoes adhesin-dependent and -independent cellular aggregation
Authors: Pelletier Chloe , Shaw Sophie , Alsayegh Sakinah , Brown Alistair J. P. , Lorenz Alexander
Published: April 2023

Candida aurisis a fungal pathogen of humans responsible for nosocomial infections with high mortality rates. High levels of resistance to antifungal drugs and environmental persistence mean these infections are difficult to treat and eradicate from a healthcare setting. Understanding the life cycle and the genetics of this fungus underpinning clinically relevant traits, such as antifungal resistance and virulence, is of the utmost importance to develop novel treatments and therapies. Epidemiological and genomic studies have identified five geographical clades (I-V), which display phenotypic and genomic differences. Aggregation of cells, a phenotype primarily of clade III strains, has been linked to reduced virulence in mouse andGalleria mellonellainfection models. The aggregation phenotype has thus been associated with conferring an advantage for (skin) colonisation rather than for systemic infection. However, strains with different clade affiliations were compared to infer the effects of different morphologies on virulence. This makes it difficult to distinguish morphology-dependent causes from clade-specific or even strain-specific genetic factors. Here, we identify two different types of aggregation: one induced by antifungal treatment which is a result of a cell separation defect; and a second which is controlled by growth conditions and only occurs in strains with the ability to aggregate. The latter aggregation type depends on an ALS-family adhesin which is differentially expressed during aggregation in an aggregativeC. aurisstrain. Finally, we demonstrate that macrophages cannot clear aggregates, suggesting that aggregation might after all provide a benefit during systemic infection and could facilitate long-term persistence in the host.

Author Summary

Candida aurisis a single-celled fungus, a yeast, that can cause severe infections in hospital patients. This fungus is difficult to treat because it is resistant to many antifungal drugs. Therefore, to understand the processes that enhance the virulence of this yeast with a view to developing new treatments. Previous studies have found thatC. auriscan form aggregates, or clumps of cells, which may play a role in how the fungus infects people. In this study, we identified two different types of aggregation inC. auris, one triggered by antifungal treatment, and another controlled by growth conditions. This discovery allowed us to study aggregate formation in the same genetic background. In doing so, we found that a certain protein, an ALS-family adhesin, is involved in the aggregation process. Surprisingly, we also discovered that aggregates may promote infection by making it harder for the immune system to clear the yeast. This new understanding could help researchers develop better ways to fightC. aurisinfections.
A Human Breast Cell Atlas Mapping the Homeostatic Cellular Shifts in the Adult Breast
Authors: Reed Austin D. , Pensa Sara , Steif Adi , Stenning Jack , Kunz Daniel J. , He Peng , Twigger Alecia-Jane , Kania Katarzyna , Barrow-McGee Rachel , Goulding Iain , Gomm Jennifer J. , Jones Louise , Marioni John C. , Khaled Walid T.
Published: April 2023

One of the barriers for breast cancer prevention and treatment is our poor understanding of the dynamic cellular shifts that naturally occur within the breast and how these changes contribute to tumour initiation. In this study we report the use of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to compile a Human Breast Cell Atlas (HBCA) assembled from 55 donors that had undergone reduction mammoplasties or risk reduction mammoplasties. The data from more than 800,000 cells identified 41 cell subclusters distributed across the epithelial, immune, and stromal compartments. We found that the contribution of these different clusters varied according to the natural history of the tissue. Breast cancer risk modulating factors such as age, parity, and germline mutation affected the homeostatic cellular state of the breast in different ways however, none of the changes observed were restricted to any one cell type. Remarkably, we also found that immune cells fromBRCA1/2carriers had a distinct gene expression signature indicative of potential immune exhaustion. This suggests that immune escape mechanisms could manifest in non-cancerous tissues during very early stages of tumour initiation. Therefore, the Atlas presented here provides the research community with a rich resource that can be used as a reference for studies on the origins of breast cancer which could inform novel approaches for early detection and prevention.
Exploring the potential of copper oxide biogenic synthesis: a review article on the biomedical and dental implementations
Authors: Mahmood Rana I. , Mohammed-Salih Harraa S. , Ghazi Ata’a , Abdulbaqi Hikmat J. , Al-Obaidi Jameel R.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

In the developing field of nano-materials synthesis, copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are deemed to be one of the most significant transition metal oxides because of their intriguing characteristics. Its synthesis employing green chemistry principles has become a key source for next-generation antibiotics attributed to its features such as environmental friendliness, ease of use and affordability. Because they are more environmentally benign, plants have been employed to create metallic NPs. These plant extracts serve as capping, stabilising or hydrolytic agents and enable a regulated synthesis as well.

Design/methodology/approach

Organic chemical solvents are harmful and entail intense conditions during nanoparticle synthesis. The copper oxide NPs (CuO-NPs) synthesised by employing the green chemistry principle showed potential antitumor properties. Green synthesised CuO-NPs are regarded to be a strong contender for applications in the pharmacological, biomedical and environmental fields.

Findings

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer potential of CuO-NPs plant extracts to isolate and characterise the active anticancer principles as well as to yield more effective, affordable, and safer cancer therapies.

Originality/value

This review article highlights the copper oxide nanoparticle's biomedical applications such as anticancer, antimicrobial, dental and drug delivery properties, future research perspectives and direction are also discussed.
HRM challenges in Slovakia generated by the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Szeiner Zsuzsanna , Juhász Tímea , Hevesi Endre , Poór József
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The article analyzes the challenges Slovak businesses and organizations are facing in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting human resource management solutions they apply.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors present a part of their research conducted in six Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. Based on timely data, the article presents socioeconomic characteristics of Slovakia and the results of the research “HRM Challenges in Times of the Covid-19 Crisis” conducted among employers in Slovakia. The survey method encompassed 247 Slovakian organizations.

Findings

The year 2020 was an extraordinary one for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. According to the results of this research, Slovak organizations were not prepared for the Covid-19 crisis. Respondents who had a pandemic action plan at the time of the breakout were hardly found. Measures taken to preserve human health directly impacted the way how work is done and organized. This poses significant challenges for both employers and employees. In general, small organizations used cost and staff reduction tools. On the other hand, some of the respondents, mainly large organizations have been using future-oriented solutions, e.g. organizational development.

Originality/value

In this research the authors analyzed the experiences of a Central European country, namely Slovakia. However, the experiences gained and collected here can be useful in the international arena as well.
Community mobilisation and collaboration through innovative approaches to overcome significant disasters: an analysis of the biggest earthquake in Turkish history
Authors: Temel Serdal , Durst Susanne
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This commentary aims to provide an overview of how innovation in community mobilisation and collaboration can help address natural disasters quickly and more effectively. This is done using the example of the earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria and caused considerable damage, the full extent of which cannot yet be assessed.

Design/methodology/approach

This commentary was prepared by two researchers who collected a number of examples and assessed their contribution to earthquake mitigation.

Findings

This commentary confirms that applying digital technologies and other innovative approaches to disaster management can mobilise people and contribute to more effective disaster management, especially in disasters where every minute counts.

Originality/value

This commentary explains the role of active mobilisation of civil society using digital technologies and other innovative approaches during one of humanity's largest earthquakes. As far as the authors are aware, this issue has not yet been discussed in this way in contemporary literature.
Which of the book recommendation sections is the most similar to the user selections in LibraryThing?
Authors: Momeni Atefeh , Pashootanizadeh Mitra , Kaedi Marjan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to determine the most similar set of recommendation books to the user selections in LibraryThing.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, 30,000 tags related to History on the LibraryThing have been selected. Their tags and the tags of the related recommended books were extracted from three different recommendations sections on LibraryThing. Then, four similarity criteria of Jaccard coefficient, Cosine similarity, Dice coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to calculate the similarity between the tags. To determine the most similar recommended section, the best similarity criterion had to be determined first. So, a researcher-made questionnaire was provided to History experts.

Findings

The results showed that the Jaccard coefficient, with a frequency of 32.81, is the best similarity criterion from the point of view of History experts. Besides, the degree of similarity in LibraryThing recommendations section according to this criterion is equal to 0.256, in the section of books with similar library subjects and classifications is 0.163 and in the Member recommendations section is 0.152. Based on the findings of this study, the LibraryThing recommendations section has succeeded in introducing the most similar books to the selected book compared to the other two sections.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, itis for the first time, three sections of LibraryThing recommendations are compared by four different similarity criteria to show which sections would be more beneficial for the user browsing. The results showed that machine recommendations work better than humans.
The impact of customer sexual harassment on customer-oriented OCB: a social exchange perspective
Authors: Zhu Hong , Ye Yijiao , Zhou Mingjian , Li Yaoqi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Drawing on social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the relation of customer sexual harassment (CSH) and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (customer-oriented OCB), as well as the mediation of customer–employee exchange (CEX) and the moderation of hostile attribution bias.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses were examined through a field study performed in six hotels in three Chinese cities and an experimental study.

Findings

The results revealed that CSH undermined the quality of CEX, leading employees to withdraw from customer-oriented OCB. Additionally, the hostile attribution bias of service employees reinforced the direct relationship between CSH and CEX and its indirect relationship with customer-oriented OCB via CEX.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that hospitality organizations should endeavor to reduce the occurrence of CSH, and that by valuing and encouraging the development of high-quality CEX, they can mitigate its detrimental effects. Special attention should also be paid to hospitality employees holding strong hostile attribution bias.

Originality/value

First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore the influence of CSH on customer-oriented OCB among hotel employees. In addition, examining the effect of CSH from the social exchange perspective represents a new theoretical approach. The finding also contributes to the literature on CEX by identifying an important antecedent. Finally, by investigating hostile attribution bias as a moderator, this research provides insights into how individual differences moderate the destructive influence of CSH.
Work-from-home intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective integrating inclusive leadership and protection motivation theory
Authors: Tsang Seng-Su , Liu Zhih Lin , Nguyen Thi Vinh Tran
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The present study integrates inclusive leadership and protection motivation theory to propose a new model predicting employees' intention to work from home during an emergency situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was developed to collect data from 939 Taiwanese and Vietnamese office employees using a non-probability convenience sampling method. A total of 887 valid questionnaires were used for further analysis. The data were analysed following a two-stage structural equation modelling using SPSS 22 and AMOS 20 software. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested and ensured.

Findings

The results revealed that inclusive leadership and factors related to protection motivation theory– including perceived severity and perceived vulnerability – have positive direct and indirect effects on employees' work-from-home intentions through the mediating role of employees' work-from-home-related attitudes. Protection motivation theory factors were found to have a stronger effect on employees' work-from-home intention than inclusive leadership. Differences in the relationship between perceived vulnerability, perceived severity and employees' intentions towards working from home were also discovered among participants from the two studied countries.

Practical implications

The integration of inclusive leadership and protection motivation theory brings into light what will drive employees' intention to work from home during an emergency situation. The present study has several theoretical and practical implications for scholars, governments, managers and policymakers that can help them improve management policies for working from home in the future.

Originality/value

Based on integrating inclusive leadership and protection motivation theory to explore employees' intention to work from home during an emergency situation, the present study demonstrated that inclusive leadership and protection motivation theory should be considered for studies on working from home in a pandemic setting.
The impact of dyadic relationships in supply chain triads
Authors: Swierczek Artur , Szozda Natalia
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how relational capital derived by the buyer and supplier from the buyer-LSP and supplier-LSP dyads affects buyer-supplier adaptability and their relational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the tenets of Social Capital Theory and Relational View, the authors performed exploratory research using a survey of 350 supply chain triads. Based on these data, the authors used Structural Equation Modeling to estimate the Higher Component Model (HCM) and test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The research results indicate that relational capital derived by the supplier from the supplier-LSP dyad has a strong and positive impact on buyer-supplier adaptability. On the other hand, relational capital derived by the buyer from the buyer-LSP dyad has no significant impact on buyer-supplier adaptability. The results also demonstrate that the effect of buyer-supplier adaptability on buyer-supplier relational performance is strong and positive. The obtained findings also suggest that buyer-supplier adaptability acts as a partial mediator between relational capital derived by buyer/supplier from the links with LSP and relational performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study has some limitations that guide directions for future research. First, along with relational capital, it might be worthwhile to also investigate the impact of structural and cognitive capital in supply chain triads to test whether and how these two dimensions of social capital contribute to buyer-supplier adaptability. It could be also interesting to include the LSP’s perception of relational capital in the model to shift the analysis from the organizational to the interorganizational level.

Originality/value

Given the increasing interest in complex structures of supply chains, this study investigates how one dyad affects other dyads in supply chain triads. Specifically, the study develops and empirically tests the construct of relational capital derived from the links with LSPs, and views adaptability as the result of two interacting parties.
Moral intuitions, social skills and elder abuse: exploring a social exchange hypothesis
Authors: Fundinho João F. , Ferreira-Alves José
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to operationalize and test some predictions of a social exchange theory of elder abuse. The theory proposes that the combination of low resources and high dependency/low relational power increases the older adult’s risk of abuse. The authors tested these predictions by exploring the association between morality (indicator of resources) and abuse, moderated by social skills (indicator of power).

Design/methodology/approach

This was an exploratory study. The authors collected data from 62 participants between 64 and 94 years old who frequented social-recreational centres.

Findings

The authors found a positive association between the moral intuition harm/care and the report of emotionally and financially abusive behaviours and denial of rights. The moral intuition authority/respect is negatively associated with the same types of abuse. The effects of moral intuitions on the types of abuse increased in older adults with generally high social skills and low assertiveness.

Originality/value

This study provided initial results for a psychological interpretation of a social exchange theory of elder abuse and highlighted the importance of relational models where moral intuitions interact with social skills to predict elder abuse.
Impeding green customization: the roles of negative perceptions, environmental responsibility and claim type
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Ran , Feng Taiwen , Tao Jingyi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental responsibility (ER) on consumers' green customization intention (GCI), as well as the separate and joint moderating effects of consumers' negative perceptions and environmental claim type (ECT) on the relationship between ER and GCI.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, two online experimental questionnaires and one between-subject lab experiment were conducted to test all hypotheses.

Findings

This study found that high-ER consumers are more likely to choose environmental options in the product customization process (versus low ER). The effect of ER on consumers' GCI is moderated by consumers' negative perceptions of green consumption (e.g. green skepticism and perceived environmental premium (PEP)). Additionally, ECT's joint moderating effect and consumers' negative perception of green customization consumption can be decreased by a substantive (versus associative) claim type in message framing.

Practical implications

The findings provide new insights into the factors affecting consumers' GCIs and have significant practical implications. First, consumers' different ER levels should not be neglected when examining the value of green customization. Second, consumers' green skepticism and PEP could reduce consumers' GCI. Third, the use of substantive environmental claims may also be particularly helpful for companies' communication strategies regarding consumers' low-level negative perceptions of green options.

Originality/value

While previous studies state “environmental responsibility” as a key characteristic of general green consumption, the authors extend that to a green customization process and connect that with consumers' negative perceptions and ECT. In addition, the separate and joint moderating effects of consumers' negative perceptions and ECT were examined. Thus, these findings refine the existing understanding of the relationship between ER and green customization.
Environmental variation across multiple spatial scales and temporal lags influences Hendra virus spillover
Authors: Faust Christina L. , Castellanos Adrian A. , Peel Alison J. , Eby Peggy , Plowright Raina K. , Han Barbara A. , Bharti Nita
Published: April 2023

Pathogens can spill over and infect new host species by overcoming a series of ecological and biological barriers. Hendra virus (HeV) circulates in Australian flying foxes and provides a data‐rich study system for identifying environmental drivers underlying spillover events. The frequency of spillover events to horses has varied interannually since the virus was first discovered in 1994. These observations suggest that HeV spillover events are driven, in part, by environmental factors, including loss of flying fox habitat and climate variability.

We explicitly examine the impact of environmental variation on the risk of HeV spillover at three spatial scales relevant to this system. We use a dataset of 60 spillover events and boosted regression tree methods to identify environmental features (including concurrent and lagged temperature, rainfall, vegetation indices, land cover, and climate indices) at three spatial scales (1‐km, 20‐km, 100‐km radii) associated with horse contacts and reservoir species ecology.

We find that temperature, local (1‐km radius) human population density, and landscape (100‐km radius) forest cover and pasture are the most influential environmental features associated with HeV spillover risk. By including multiple spatial scales and temporal lags in environmental features, we can more accurately quantify risk across space and time than with models that use a single scale. For example, high quality vegetation at the local scale and within a foraging radius (20‐km) in the concurrent month and previous years, combined with poorer quality vegetation at the landscape scale in the concurrent month increase risk of HeV spillover. These and other environmental associations likely influence the dynamic foraging behaviour of reservoir flying foxes and drive contacts that facilitate spillover into horse populations.

Synthesis and application: Current management of HeV spillover focuses on local‐scale interventions – primarily through vaccination and detection of infected horses. Our study finds that HeV spillover risk is also driven by environmental changes over much larger scales and demonstrates management practices would benefit from incorporating landscape interventions alongside local interventions.
Association of frequent hypermethylation with high grade histological subtype in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ito Yuki , Usui Genki , Seki Motoaki , Fukuyo Masaki , Matsusaka Keisuke , Hoshii Takayuki , Sata Yuki , Morimoto Junichi , Hata Atsushi , Nakajima Takahiro , Rahmutulla Bahityar , Kaiho Taisuke , Inage Terunaga , Tanaka Kazuhisa , Sakairi Yuichi , Suzuki Hidemi , Yoshino Ichiro , Kaneda Atsushi
Published: April 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma is classified morphologically into five histological subtypes according to the WHO classification. While each histological subtype correlates with a distinct prognosis, the molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Here we conducted DNA methylation analysis of 30 lung adenocarcinoma cases annotated with the predominant histological subtypes and three normal lung cases using the Infinium BeadChip. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three subgroups with different methylation levels: high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐methylation epigenotypes (HME, IME, and LME). Micropapillary pattern (MPP)‐predominant cases and those with MPP components were significantly enriched in HME (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). HME cases showed a significantly poor prognosis for recurrence‐free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.006). We identified 365 HME marker genes specifically hypermethylated in HME cases with enrichment of “cell morphogenesis” related genes; 305 IME marker genes hypermethylated in HME and IME, but not in LME, with enrichment “embryonic organ morphogenesis”‐related genes; 257 Common marker genes hypermethylated commonly in all cancer cases, with enrichment of “regionalization”‐related genes. We extracted surrogate markers for each epigenotype and designed pyrosequencing primers for five HME markers (TCERG1L, CXCL12, FAM181B, HOXA11, GAD2), three IME markers (TBX18, ZNF154, NWD2) and three Common markers (SCT, GJD2, BARHL2). DNA methylation profiling using Infinium data was validated by pyrosequencing, and HME cases defined by pyrosequencing results also showed the worse recurrence‐free survival. In conclusion, lung adenocarcinomas are stratified into subtypes with distinct DNA methylation levels, and the high‐methylation subtype correlated with MPP‐predominant cases and those with MPP components and showed a poor prognosis.
Mental health, physical activity, and sports among children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Cribb Cory F. , Keko Mario , Creveling Sarah , Rochani Haresh D. , Modlesky Christopher M. , Colquitt Gavin
Published: April 2023

Background

People with cerebral palsy (CP) may be at an increased risk for mental health disorders due to co‐occurring physical and communication limitations associated with the condition. Participation in physical activity (PA) and sports may provide opportunities to increase socialization and improve physical function. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between participation in daily PA and sports and mental health among children with CP.

Method

Participants included children with CP (n = 458) and typically developing children (TDC) (n = 40 091) 6–17 years whose parents participated in the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children's Health. Mental health disorders included anxiety, depression, behavioural disorders and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Results

Compared with TDC, children with CP had a higher prevalence of mental health disorders (75.5% vs. 54.2%) and were more likely to receive mental health care (21.5% vs. 14.6%). Controlling for sociodemographic variables, children with CP were more likely to experience anxiety [odds ratio (OR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1–3.3), depression (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.4), behavioural disorders (OR 4.8; 95% CI 3.8–6.0) and ADHD (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6–2.6). The likelihood of these conditions decreased when children participated in sports for anxiety (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8–2.8), depression (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–2.0), behavioural disorders (OR 4.1; 95% CI 3.2–5.1) and ADHD (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5–2.5). The likelihood for anxiety (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8–2.8), depression (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.9), behavioural disorders (OR 4.4; 95% CI 3.5–5.5) and ADHD (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5–2.4) also decreased with participation in daily PA.

Conclusions

There is an overwhelming disparity in the number of children with CP who have a mental health disorder and those who receive mental health care. Increasing access to participation in sports and PA may be beneficial.
Effect of Al and Ti additions on the high cycle fatigue behavior of CoCrNi‐based medium‐entropy alloys at room and high temperatures
Authors: Lai Huan Sheng , Tang Chaozhongzheng , Zhong Yuntao , Guo Jinquan , Huang Qifei , Sun Runye
Published: April 2023

For the application of medium‐entropy alloys (MEAs) in engineering, high cycle fatigue behavior of CoCrNi‐based MEAs with different Al and Ti additions was investigated at room temperature (RT) and 350°C in this study. When Al and Ti contents were increased from 1 to 4 at.% and 2 to 3 at.%, respectively, yield and fatigue strength increased by 70% and 43%, respectively, hardness and ultimate tensile strength increased by 40%, and fracture elongation was >37%. Between RT and 350°C, the effect of temperature on the tensile and fatigue strength was not significant. The fatigue crack propagation resistance increased with increase in Al and Ti contents. Based on the fatigue strength determined in the study, fatigue life prediction equations were derived. Microstructure analysis indicated that higher tensile and fatigue strength were attributed to uniformly distributed precipitates of nanoscale L12 particles formed in the FCC matrix.
Invasion of a non‐native anuran likely disrupts pond ecosystems
Authors: Earl Brittany C. , McIntosh Angus R. , O'Regan Ryan P. , Brown Saskia K. , Warburton Helen J.
Published: April 2023

Freshwater ecosystems worldwide are under increasing pressure from multiple threats, including invasive species and climate change, with ponds being particularly vulnerable because of their shallow depth and dynamic hydrology. Australian brown tree frogs Litoria ewingii, introduced to New Zealand in 1875, have spread across both main islands, breeding in a large range of shallow fishless ponds. Since native frogs do not produce aquatic tadpoles, any tadpole influence will be novel, so these ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to such influences.

To determine the functional role of L. ewingii tadpoles and to uncover potential effects on pond community structure and function, we conducted two 3‐week‐long mesocosm experiments. The first crossed tadpole presence with predatory invertebrate presence. Mesocosms containing tadpoles had a lower biomass of periphyton and macrophytes, and lower abundance of two families of small‐sized invertebrates (Culicidae and Chironomidae) compared to mesocosms without tadpoles, possibly as a consequence of grazing, predation or reduced dipteran oviposition. However, predatory invertebrates did not affect tadpoles except at their smallest stage, so L. ewingii probably are not subject to strong top‐down control by invertebrates in fishless ponds.

We evaluated the effects of tadpole density on ecosystem processes in the second experiment where half the mesocosms also were shaded to simulate permanent pond hydrological status; shading stabilised the temperature fluctuations typical of temporary ponds. In shaded mesocosms tadpole density did not change phytoplankton, whereas in unshaded mesocosms, phytoplankton biomass increased with tadpole density, possibly because tadpole excretion enhanced algal growth in high light conditions. Higher densities of tadpoles also decreased dissolved oxygen concentration regardless of shading during the day—potentially an indirect effect of grazing on macrophytes and periphyton reducing photosynthesis.

Overall, these non‐native tadpoles are likely to be having large influences on ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling in small ponds, especially when at high densities. In light of these potential effects on pond ecosystems, and the generalist traits of these frogs which could see them spread to even remote alpine ponds, control measures to prevent further range expansion should be considered in New Zealand.
The histone H3K36 demethylase Fbxl11 plays pivotal roles in the development of retinal late‐born cell types
Authors: Iwagawa Toshiro , Fukushima Masaya , Takeuchi Shigeru , Kawamura Yuichi , Aihara Yuko , Ozawa Manabu , Yakushiji‐Kaminatsui Nayuta , Aihara Makoto , Koseki Haruhiko , Suzuki Yutaka , Watanabe Sumiko
Published: April 2023

Histone methylation plays a vital role in retinal development. However, the role of histone H3K36 methylation in retinal development is not clear. We examined the role of H3K36 methylation by loss‐of‐function analysis of H3K36me1/2 demethylases, Fbxl10, and Fbxl11. We analyzed the effect of knockout of these genes in the developing and mature retina on retinal development. Knockout of Fbxl10 specifically in the developing retina did not result in gross developmental abnormalities. Although adult rod photoreceptor‐specific knockout of Fbxl11 in mature retinas did not result in morphological abnormalities, Fbxl11 knockout in developing retinas increased apoptosis, suppressed the proliferation of retinal progenitor cells, and resulted in microphthalmia. Morphological analysis revealed perturbed differentiation of rod photoreceptor and bipolar cells. RNA‐seq of retinas at P7 showed markedly decreased expression of genes characterizing rod photoreceptor and bipolar cells in Fbxl11‐knockout retinas. In addition, perturbation of alternative splicing increased intron retention in Fbxl11‐knockout retinas. Genome‐wide evaluation of the H3K36 methylation status revealed that Fbxl11 knockout altered the distribution of H3K36me2/3 in genes important for rod photoreceptor development. Taken together, we show that Fbxl11 plays pivotal roles in the development of retinal late‐born cell types and may contribute to tight control of H3K36 methylation during retinal development.
Effect of Ca and Mg on the properties of foamed ceramics prepared with multisolid waste
Authors: Cheng Zhiwen , Duan Xuchen , Liu Ting , Lu Qingyang
Published: April 2023

With vanadium tailings and lead‐zinc tailings as the main raw materials, gold tailings, waste glass powder, other fluxes and SiC foaming agents are added to prepare foamed ceramics. The effects of Ca and Mg in the fluxes of calcite, talc, and dolomite on the appearance, pore size, porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength of the samples were investigated and the mechanisms of the effects were analyzed. The XRD results showed that the sample consisted primarily of quartz, albite, augite, and a small amount of corundum. Calcite favors the formation of the augite phase, talc favors the formation of the albite phase, and dolomite combines the advantages of both. The formation of albite reduces the viscosity of the melt, and the formation of augite greatly enhances the strength of foamed ceramics. It has been shown that by adding 8% dolomite, a foaming ceramic with a bulk density of .561 g/cm3, a porosity of 62.77% and a compressive strength of 10.823 MPa can be prepared, resulting in a low‐cost, lightweight and high strength foamed ceramic partition.
Review of bismuth‐doped fibers used in O‐band optical amplifiers‐scientific challenges and outlook
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Mikhailov Vitaly , Windeler Robert , Inniss Daryl , DiGiovanni David
Published: April 2023

Bismuth‐doped phosphosilicate fibers have become the most promising gain medium for O‐band amplifiers. Yet scientific challenges on understanding the nature of bismuth active centers (BACs), mechanisms of bismuth cluster formation in the phosphosilicate glass network still exist. It is likely that multiple BACs with different oxidation states in different structural sites all contribute to the broad, nonsymmetric luminescence and gain spectra. Due to the progress in the fundamental understanding of bismuth‐doped phosphosilicate glass, various designs of optical amplifiers with decent performances have been demonstrated.
Determinants of livelihood diversification and gender‐inclusive strategies in forestry analysis
Authors: Saha Debolina , Agarwalla Shradha
Published: April 2023

Restrictions on the collection of forest products to preserve the natural environment often affect the livelihood of forest‐fringe dwellers. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the existing and potential livelihood opportunities of the forest dwellers who use various forest products for daily consumption in the regions surrounded by Simlipal National Park in India. The study uses Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to score livelihood diversification at the household level. A regression analysis was used to determine the key factors responsible for livelihood diversification. Women of Simlipal have a high potential to manage forest resources along with their daily household chores. But their efforts are undermined and their work often remains unpaid. The present study explores how empowerment of women in terms of both access and control over resources might add to livelihood diversification. With the help of a strength‐weakness‐opportunity‐threat analysis, the study establishes if the strength and opportunities of women are focused in a positive direction through gender‐inclusive development policies, then women's involvement would support livelihood, and also in maintaining ecological integrity.
Untangling the factors influencing finger millet production: Evidence from the Indian states
Authors: Swain Partha Sarathi , Mohanty B. B. , Pradhan Ashis Kumar
Published: April 2023

Our study focuses on the effect of agro‐based factors and human development indicators on the production of finger millet in eight states of India. Departing from the past studies, we employed the common and dynamic common correlated effects model, and our findings showed that the past year's finger millet production, productivity, area under finger millet production, rainfall and human development indicators positively influenced the finger millet production among the eight Indian states. The variable crop diversification has no impact on the production of finger millet. Overall result indicates the prominent role of human development assisting in the promotion of finger millet production. The empirical findings suggest corrective government policies in order to boost the overall production and consumption of finger millet at the macro level.
Serious gaming for better cooperation in flood defence asset management
Authors: den Heijer Frank , Podt Maarten , Bosch‐Rekveldt Marian , de Leeuw Annemargreet , Rijke Jeroen
Published: April 2023

Flood defences are often situated in public spaces and are mostly multi‐functional, multi‐financed and multi‐managed. Cooperation in flood defence asset management is important because roles and responsibilities are fragmented within and between organisations. This complex context calls for mutual understanding from responsible role‐holders. Research has shown that serious games are instrumental to reflect situations in which technical and social complexity both play a role. Serious games motivate participants to learn and to change the way they learn. This paper presents the development, application, and results of a serious game ‘Dike Dilemmas Under Pressure' that aims to create better mutual understanding between actors in flood defence asset management. The game was played with 67 professionals that fulfil a diversity of roles related to flood defence asset management in the Netherlands. The analysis of the results in this paper clearly shows different preferred cooperative attitudes between different groups of role‐holders and indicates potential misperceptions. The game participants were enthusiastic about the insights gained. They indicated that it helped them to recognise the broad variety of asset management dilemmas and become aware of their own cooperative attitudes and those of their colleagues towards dealing with these dilemmas. Future application of the game is recommended to monitor the cooperative attitudes of professionals in flood defence and to support the development of teams.
Nurse specialist and ostomy patient: Competence and skills in the care pathway. A scoping review
Authors: Panattoni Nicolò , Mariani Riccardo , Spano Alessandro , Leo Aurora De , Iacorossi Laura , Petrone Fabrizio , Simone Emanuele Di
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives

To summarise the evidence published to date regarding nursing core competence in stoma care of any type of ostomy throughout the patient's ostomy surgery candidate care pathway from preoperative to follow‐up.

Background

Nurses should play a key role in all ostomy patient care pathways to help them to adapt to the new physics and psychological conditions from the preoperative phases to the prevention of tardive stomal complications.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

This scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework proposed by Arskey and O'Malley, following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis for Scoping Review. PRISMA‐ScR Checklist is included in the manuscript. The following databases were queried: PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL, from August to October 2022.

Results

The search strategy in the consulted databases identified 3144 studies. Different types of ostomies were found and investigated: tracheostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, ileostomy, colostomy and urostomy. The results of the included studies helped address the objective that allowed the ostomatherapy skills to be broken down into the different periods of the care pathway.

Conclusion

Caring for an ostomy patient requires advanced skills and a trusting relationship. The skills outlined in this research suggest how essential the stoma care nurse specialist is in these patients' care.