bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalat (DEHP)‐Metabolite: 2‐Ethyl‐5‐hydroxyhexyl‐phthalat (5OH‐MEHP), 2‐Ethyl‐5‐oxohexylphthalat (5oxo‐MEHP), Mono(2‐ethylhexyl)‐phthalat (MEHP) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2008]
Authors: Koch H. M. , Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Halothan [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1978]
Authors: Schaller K.‐H. , Goßler K.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 3. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1978
Perfluorooctane sulphonic acid/perfluorobutane sulphonic acid (PFOS/PFBS) [Biomonitoring Methods, 2006]
Authors: Leng G. , Willmersdorf K.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 10 (2006)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Ochratoxin A [Biomonitoring Methods, 2010]
Authors: BlaSzkewicz M. , Baumhoer G.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 12 (2010)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for high performance liquid chromatography

Fluorimetric detection

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical results

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix

Expanded sample preparation for the analysis of ochratoxin A in whole blood and haemolytic sera
t,t‐Muconsäure [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1996]
Authors: Angerer J. , Rauscher und W. Will D.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 12. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1996

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenaufarbeitung

Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Dichlormethan, 1,2‐Dichlorethen, 2‐Brom‐2‐chlor‐1,1,1‐trifluorethan (Halothan), Trichlormethan, 1,1,1‐Trichlorethan, Tetrachlormethan, Trichlorethen, Tetrachlorethen) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1991]
Authors: Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 10. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1991

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vorbereitung der Rollrandfläschchen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Kreatinin in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2010]
Authors: Blaszkewicz M. , Liesenhoff‐Henze K.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 19. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2010

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

UV‐spektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Probenansatz

Photometrische Messung der Proben

Kalibrierung

Manuelle Kalibrierung

Softwareunterstützte Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1996]
Authors: Will W. , Schulz G.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 5 (1996)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Calibration standards

Internal standard

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Benzene and alkylbenzenes (BTX aromatics) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1994]
Authors: Angerer J. , Gündel J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 4 (1994)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration and calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Iridium [Biomonitoring Methods, 2007]
Authors: Begerow J. , Dunemann L.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 11 (2007)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Quecksilber [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1985]
Authors: Schaller K.‐H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 8. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1985

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Harn

Blut

Atomabsorptionsspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Harn

Blut

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Thallium [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1980]
Authors: Seiler H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 4. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1980

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

1. Zusammenfassung

2. Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

2.1. Geräte

2.2. Chemikalien und Lösungen

2.3. Vergleichsstandards

3. Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

4. AC‐Inversvoltammetrische Arbeitsbedingungen

5. Analytische Bestimmung

6. Erstellung der Eichkurve

7. Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

7.1. Rechnerische Auswertung

7.2. Graphische Auswertung (siehe Abb. 2)

8. Beurteilung des Verfahrens

8.1. Präzision

8.2. Richtigkeit

8.3. Nachweisgrenze

8.4. Störeinflüsse

9. Diskussion der Methode

10. Thallium
Antimony [Biomonitoring Methods, 1994]
Authors: Fleischer M.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 4 (1994)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for atomic absorption spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration and calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Arsenic species (As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) [Biomonitoring Methods, 2000]
Authors: Begerow J. , Dunemann L. , Sur R.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 7 (2000)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational conditions for liquid chromatography

Operational conditions for the flow injection system

Operational conditions for atomic absorption spectrometry

Principle of the HPLC method

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Beryllium‐Standardadditionsverfahren [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1996]
Authors: Schramel P.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 12. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1996

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Atomabsorptionsspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung und Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2003]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Leng G. , Wimber M.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesAnalyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 8 (2003)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions and conditioning

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for high performance liquid chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Naphthalin‐Metabolite 1‐Naphthol und 2‐Naphthol [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2010k]
Authors: Preuss R. , Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 19. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2010

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Fluoreszenzdetektion

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenzen

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Mandelsäure [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1978]
Authors: Schaller K. H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 2. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1978

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

1. Zusammenfassung

2. Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

2.1. Geräte

2.2. Chemikalien

2.3. Lösungen

3. Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

4. Gaschromatographische Bedingungen

5. Eichung

6. Analytische Bestimmung

7. Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

8. Beurteilung des Verfahrens

8.1. Richtigkeit

8.2. Präzision

8.3. Nachweisgrenze

8.4. Störeinflüsse

9. Diskussion

10. Mandelsäure
Phenole [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1999]
Authors: Will W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 13. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1999

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Interner Standard

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenzen

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Aufschlußverfahren zur Bestimmung von Metallen in biologischem Material [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1976]
Authors: Angerer J. , Fleischer M. , Machata G. , Pilz W. , Schaller K. H. , Seiler H. , Stoeppler M. , Zorn H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 1. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1976

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Aufschlußverfahren zur Bestimmung von Metallen in biologischem Material

Gefäßmaterialien

Aufschlußreagenzien

Trockene Veraschung

Nasser Aufschluß

Aufschluß im offenen System

Geschlossene Verfahren
Memory Conformity for New and Old Items with Immediate and Delayed Testing
Authors: Schwartz Shari L. , Wright Daniel B.
Published: January 2012

Memory conformity for images was examined using a mixed factorial design. Participants were presented with 50 images then later completed an old/new recognition test on these plus 50 fillers. Some received post‐event information (PEI) attributed to a co‐witness that was introduced either soon after the original 50 images were presented or 2 days later. The memory test was either soon after the co‐witness PEI was shown or 2 days later. When the memory test was 2 days after receiving PEI, the PEI had no effect. PEI had a large effect when presented just before testing. The memory conformity effect was largest when PEI was presented, and the when memory test was completed 2 days after the initial presentation. Memory conformity effects were larger for new items than for old when PEI immediately preceded the test. Thus, the PEI affected the false alarm rate more than the hit rate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mild, Highly Efficient Addition of Alkynes to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Titanium Dioxide‐Supported Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Min , Wang Yong , Sun Weijiang , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: January 2012

Titanium dioxide‐supported silver nanoparticles were utilized as a highly efficient catalyst for the addition of terminal alkynes to aldehydes to prepare propargylic alcohols with the promotion by triphenylphosphine. Both a significant support effect and a ligand effect were observed in the catalytic reaction. With this protocol, various propargylic alcohol derivatives were synthesized from aldehydes and terminal alkynes in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered and reused effectively without obvious reduction in catalytic activity.
Copper‐Mediated One‐Pot Transformation of 2‐N‐Sulfonyl‐ aminoaryl Diselenides into Benzo[b][1,4]selenazines
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Simone Lavinia , Menichetti Stefano
Published: January 2012

A simple procedure for the one‐pot transformation of 2‐N‐tosylamino diselenides into benzo[b][1,4]selenazines has been established. The data collected indicate that the six‐membered heterocyclic ring is the result of a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of a transient electron‐poor o‐iminoselenoquinone, acting as diene, with an electron‐rich alkene, performing as dienophile. The key step of the synthesis is a 1,4‐elimination at selenium of a selenolate ion, leading to the generation of the heterodiene, that requires catalytic amounts of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, for the activation of the selenium‐selenium bond.
Whorled hairless nevus of the scalp, linear hyperpigmentation, and telangiectatic nevi of the lower limbs: A novel variant of the “phacomatosis complex”
Authors: Castori Marco , Scarciolla Oronzo , Morlino Silvia , Manente Liborio , Biscaglia Assunta , Fragasso Alberto , Grammatico Paola
Published: January 2012

The term “phacomatosis” refers to a growing number of sporadic genetic skin disorders characterized by the combination of two or more different nevi and possibly resulting from non‐allelic twin spotting. While phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) and pigmentokeratotica represent the most common patterns, some patients do not fit with either condition and are temporarily classified as unique phenotypes. We report on an 8‐year‐old boy with striking right hemihypoplasia, resulting in limb asymmetry and fixed dislocation of right hip. Skin on the affected side showed three distinct nevi: (i) A whorled, hairless nevus of the scalp in close proximity with (ii) epidermal hyperpigmentation following lines of Blaschko on the neck and right upper limb, and (iii) multiple telangiectatic nevi of the right lower limb and hemiscrotum. Didymosis atricho‐melanotica was proposed for the combination of adjacent patchy congenital alopecia and linear hyperpigmentation, while phacomatosis atricho‐pigmento‐vascularis appears to define the entire cutaneous phenotype, thus implying the involvement of three neighboring loci influencing the development of distinct constituents of the skin. Given the striking asymmetry of the observed phenotype, the effect of mosaicism (either genomic or functional) for a mutation in a single gene with pleiotropic action and influenced by the lateralization pattern of early development cannot be excluded. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygous deletion of an EGR2 enhancer in congenital amyelinating neuropathy
Authors: Funalot Benoît , Topilko Piotr , Arroyo Maria Antonia Ramos , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Hedley‐Whyte E. Tessa , Yoldi Maria E. , Richard Laurence , Touraille Estelle , Laurichesse Mathieu , Khalifa Emmanuel , Chauzeix Jasmine , Ouedraogo Adama , Cros Didier , Magdelaine Corinne , Sturtz Franck G. , Urtizberea J. Andoni , Charnay Patrick , Bragado Federico Garcia , Vallat Jean‐Michel
Published: January 2012

The transcription factor EGR2 is expressed in Schwann cells, where it controls peripheral nerve myelination. Mutations of EGR2 have been found in patients with congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy or Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1D. In a patient with congenital amyelinating neuropathy, we observed pathological abnormalities recapitulating the peripheral nervous system phenotype of homozygous Egr2‐null mice. This patient, born from consanguineous parents, showed no EGR2 immunoreactivity in Schwann cells and harbored a homozygous 10.7‐kilobase‐long deletion encompassing a myelin‐specific enhancer of EGR2. This regulatory mutation is the first genetic abnormality associated with congenital amyelinating neuropathy in humans. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols catalyzed by bismuth(III) in aqueous medium at room temperature
Authors: Jiang Ran , Yuan Chun‐Xiang , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: January 2012

A nucleophilic substitution reaction of an α‐ferrocenyl alcohol with various amines, indoles and thiols was successfully developed by using a catalytic amount of Bi(NO3)3.5H2O at room temperature without the aid of phase transfer catalyst. The reactions proceeded in aqueous media, leading to the formation of new C=C, C=N and C=S bonds bearing ferrocenyl substituent with high efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Side‐chain type benzoxazine‐functional cellulose via click chemistry
Authors: Agag Tarek , Vietmeier Kevin , Chernykh Andrey , Ishida Hatsuo
Published: January 2012

A side‐chain type benzoxazine‐functional cellulose has been developed using click chemistry via the reaction of ethynyl‐monofunctional benzoxazine monomer and azide‐functional cellulose. The synthesis, crosslinking, and thermal properties of the benzoxazine‐functional cellulose are studied by NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. The crosslinking reaction of the benzoxazine side‐chain unusually takes place at low‐temperatures in comparison to an ordinary benzoxazine resins. Upon crosslinking, the polymer shows high char yield of 40%, which is a marked improvement from a mere 4% of the unfunctionalized cellulose. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Bone Laminarity in the Avian Forelimb Skeleton and Its Relationship to Flight Mode: Testing Functional Interpretations
Authors: Simons Erin L.R. , O'connor Patrick M.
Published: January 2012

Wing bone histology in three species of birds was characterized in order to test hypotheses related to the relationship between skeletal microstructure and inferred wing loading during flight. Data on the degree of laminarity (the proportion of circular vascular canals) and the occurrence of secondary osteons were obtained from three species that utilize different primary flight modes: the Double‐crested cormorant, a continuous flapper; the Brown pelican, a static soarer; and the Laysan albatross, a dynamic soarer. Laminarity indices were calculated for four quadrants for each of the three main wing elements. Ulnae and carpometacarpi were predicted to exhibit quadrant specific patterns of laminarity due to hypothesized differences in locally applied loads related to the attachment of flight feathers. However, few differences among the quadrants were identified. No significant differences were identified among the three elements, which is notable as different bones are likely experiencing different loading conditions. These results do not support the concept of bone functional adaptation in the primary structure of the wing elements. Significant differences in laminarity were found among the three primary flight modes. The dynamic soaring birds exhibited significantly lower laminarity than the flapping and static soaring birds. These results support the proposed hypothesis that laminarity is an adaptation for resisting torsional loading. This may be explained by overall wing shape: whereas dynamic soaring birds have long slender wings, flappers and static soaring birds have broader wings with a larger wing chord that would necessarily impart a higher torsional moment on the feather‐bearing bones. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotube‐Based Bilayer Thin Film as Transparent Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Tantang Hosea , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Zhao Yu , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Hu Zheng , Li Lain‐Jong , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2012

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely considered as one of the promising candidates for replacing fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/platinum (Pt) electrodes to reduce the fabrication cost of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, we report that a bilayer transparent film containing N‐doped CNTs (which are highly catalytic) and normal CNTs (which are highly conductive) as a counter electrode in DSSCs results in efficiencies up to 2.18 %, yet still maintains a good transparency with a transmittance of approximately 57 % at 550 nm.
Craniofacial features resembling frontonasal dysplasia with a tubulonodular interhemispheric lipoma in the adult 3H1 tuft mouse
Authors: Fong Keith S. K. , Cooper Tiffiny Baring , Drumhiller Wallace C. , Somponpun S. Jack , Yang Shiming , Ernst Thomas , Chang Linda , Lozanoff Scott
Published: January 2012

Intracranial lipomas are rare, but 45% of them occur along the midline cisterns between the hemispheres and are often associated with corpus callosum hypoplasia and craniofacial defects. They are difficult to detect as they are generally asymptomatic and visible by MRI or by postmortem examination. The exact cause of these interhemispheric lipomas is not known, but they arise from a developmental defect resulting in the maldifferentiation of mesenchymal cells into mesodermal derivatives that are not normally present. We have identified a new mouse mutant called tuft, exhibiting a forebrain, intracranial lipoma with midline craniofacial defects resembling frontonasal dysplasia (FND) that arose spontaneously in our wild‐type 3H1 colony. The tuft trait seems to be transmitted in recessive fashion, but approximately 80% less frequent than the expected Mendelian 25%, due to either incomplete penetrance or prenatal lethality. MRI and histologic analysis revealed that the intracranial lipoma occurred between the hemispheres and often protruded through the sagittal suture. We also observed a lesion at the lamina terminalis (LT) that may indicate improper closure of the anterior neuropore. We have mapped the tuft trait to within an 18 cM region on mouse chromosome 10 by microsatellite linkage analysis and identified several candidate genes involved with craniofacial development and cellular differentiation of adipose tissue. Tuft is the only known mouse model for midline craniofacial defects with an intracranial lipoma. Identifying the gene(s) and mutation(s) causing this early developmental defect will help us understand the pathogenesis of FND and related craniofacial disorders. © Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decentralized Control System Design under Uncertainty Using Mixed‐Integer Optimization
Authors: Paramasivan G. , Kienle A.
Published: January 2012

Decentralized control system design comprises the selection of a suitable control structure and controller parameters. In this contribution, the optimal control structure and the optimal controller parameters are determined simultaneously using mixed‐integer dynamic optimization (MIDO) under uncertainty, to account for nonlinear process dynamics and various disturbance scenarios. Application of the sigma point method is proposed in order to approximate the expectation and the variance of a chosen performance index with a minimum number of points to solve the MIDO problem under uncertainty. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with a benchmark problem of an inferential control for a reactive distillation column. The results are compared with established heuristic design methods and with previous deterministic approaches.
Enhanced Fluorescence Detection of Metal Ions Using Light‐Harvesting Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Waki Minoru , Mizoshita Norihiro , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Takeru , Tani Takao , Shimada Toyoshi , Inagaki Shinji
Published: January 2012

Enhanced fluorescence detection of metal ions was realized in a system consisting of a fluorescent 2,2′‐bipyridine (BPy) receptor and light‐harvesting periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO). The fluorescent BPy receptor with two silyl groups was synthesized and covalently attached to the pore walls of biphenyl (Bp)‐bridged PMO powder. The fluorescence intensity from the BPy receptor was significantly enhanced by the light‐harvesting property of Bp‐PMO, that is, the energy funneling into the BPy receptor from a large number of Bp groups in the PMO framework which absorbed UV light effectively. The enhanced emission of the BPy receptor was quenched upon the addition of a low concentration of Cu2+ (0.15–1.2×10−6 M), resulting in the sensitive detection of Cu2+. Upon titration of Zn2+ (0.3–6.0×10−6 M), the fluorescence excitation spectrum was systematically changed with an isosbestic point at 375 nm through 1:1 complexation of BPy and Zn2+ similar to that observed in BPy‐based solutions, indicating almost complete preservation of the binding property of the BPy receptor despite covalent fixing on the solid surface. These results demonstrate that light‐harvesting PMOs have great potential as supporting materials for enhanced fluorescence chemosensors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Compound Gd5Ni19 with a Superlattice Structure and Hydrogen Absorption Properties.
Authors: Iwase Kenji , Mori Kazuhiro , Hoshikawa Akinori , Ishigaki Toru
Published: January 2012

The title compound is synthesized by arc‐melting of the elements under argon atmosphere followed by annealing between 1423 and 1573 K.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature, High‐Pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of an Open‐Framework Uranyl Silicate with Nine‐Ring Channels: Cs2UO2Si10O22.
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Chang Wen‐Jung , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: January 2012

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of UO3, aqueous CsF, and SiO2 (gold ampule, 1600 bar, 580 °C, 2 d, 52% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD, luminescence, and solid state NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Pure Bulky (Hetero)arylalkyl Carbinols via Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Hu Bin , Meng Meng , Fossey John S. , Mo Weimin , Hu Xinquan , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: January 2012

A planar chiral nucleophilic ferrocene catalyst is employed in the kinetic resolution of bulky arylalkyl carbinols (I) to afford unreacted alcohols (R)‐I with extremely high enantiomeric excess in ideal conversions ranging from 50—56%.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalysis for the Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidene Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Pena Javier , Anton Ana B. , Moro Rosalina F. , Marcos Isidro S. , Garrido Narciso M. , Diez D.
Published: January 2012

In the absence of the 2nd catalyst DPL the reaction furnishes racemic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Direct Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines with Me3SiCF2H at Ambient or Low Temperature.
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Huang Weizhou , Zheng Ji , Hu Jinbo
Published: January 2012

Aromatic aldehydes, ketones and sulfinamides react effectively with silanes (I) or (V) to afford the corresponding difluoroalkylated products with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Phosphine Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Gong Xue , Zhang Hong , Li Xingwei
Published: January 2012

An abnormal NHC complex ICP is applied as catalyst for the reduction of ketones and enones by transfer hydrogenation and for the dehydrative coupling between primary and secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of N,N′‐Alkylidene Bisamide Derivatives Catalyzed by Silica Supported Magnesium Chloride (SiO2—MgCl2).
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad R. M.
Published: January 2012

A highly efficient and simple procedure for the formation of the bisamide derivatives (III) via one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of phenylacetylene/1‐hexyne, aldehydes and amides in the presence of catalytic amounts of silica supported magnesium chloride is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reactions of 1,2‐Allenic Ketones Leading to Substituted Benzenes and α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Jia Xuefei , Fang Liangliang , Liu Nan , Wang Jianji , Fan Xuesen
Published: January 2012

The reaction of 1,2‐allenic ketones with cyanoacetate (II) proceeds via double Michael addition/intramolecular aldol reaction/decarboxylation to afford benzene products and tolerates a wide range of functional groups including halogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Sterically Demanding Boronic Acids with α‐Bromocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Zimmermann Bettina , Dzik Wojciech I. , Himmler Thomas , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: January 2012

A new and efficient method to prepare α‐arylacetic acid derivatives and benzyl aryl ketones including sterically hindered ones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed S‐Vinylation of Thiols with Vinyl Halides.
Authors: Kao Hsin‐Lun , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: January 2012

A variety of vinyl sulfides is prepared from vinyl iodides or bromides and thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles in Carbon Thin Film‐Lined SBA‐15 Nanoreactors: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Zhi Jian , Song Depeng , Li Zhiwen , Lei Xia , Hu Aiguo
Published: January 2012

No leaching or aggregation of Pd nanoparticles is found in the nanoreactors after reusing them several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Rationally Designed Palladium Complexes on a Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Functionalized Organosilica: An Effficient Solid Catalyst for the Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Challenging Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Li Guang , Yang Hengquan , Li Wei , Zhang Guoliang
Published: January 2012

A wide range of aryl chlorides carrying even deactivating and sterically hindered groups can be successfully coupled under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ph2P(O) Group for Protection of Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Yang Xin , Matsuo Daisuke , Suzuma Yoshinori , Fang Jing‐Kun , Xu Feng , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo , Kajiyama Shingo , Koumura Nagatoshi , Hara Kohjiro
Published: January 2012

The diphenylphosphoryl group is used to protect alkynes in Sonogashira coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,4‐Enynes via 1,2‐Alkenyl Rearrangement.
Authors: Sato Takuma , Onuma Toshiki , Nakamura Itaru , Terada Masahiro
Published: January 2012

The reaction affords mostly mixtures of isomeric 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 1H‐indenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Arylpropargyl Alcohols en Route to Indenes and Quinolines.
Authors: Panteleev Jane , Huang Richard Y. , Lui Erica K. J. , Lautens Mark
Published: January 2012

The reaction of unprotected propargylic alcohols with arylboronic acids according to A) proceeds regio‐ and stereoselectively to afford trisubstituted allylic alcohols [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sulfone‐Based Strategy for the Preparation of 2,4‐Disubstituted Furan Derivatives.
Authors: Murphree S. Shaun , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Basic treatment of 2,4‐diones with the sulfone (II) allows convenient access to 2,4‐disubstituted furans like (III), accompanied by lower amounts of analogue (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Pictet—Spengler Reactions of Isatins for the Synthesis of Spiroindolones.
Authors: Badillo Joseph J. , Silva‐Garcia Abel , Shupe Benjamin H. , Fettinger James C. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: January 2012

Among various BINOL‐derived phosphoric acids, derivatives (Ia) and (Ib) are found to be the most efficient ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isochromanones via a Novel Photochemical Rearrangement.
Authors: Xia Wujiong , Shao Yutian , Gui Weijun , Yang Chao
Published: January 2012

Irradiation of 2‐formyl phenylalkeno derivatives (I) and (III) with UV light affords polysubstituted isochromanones (II) and (IV), respectively, via a novel photochemical rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Yu Fuchao , Yan Shengjiao , Huang Rong , Tang Yajuan , Lin Jun
Published: January 2012

A novel library is prepared in the absence of catalyst and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Sequential C3 nd C1 Arylation Reaction of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine Catalyzed by a 1,10‐Phenanthroline—Palladium Complex.
Authors: Yamamguchi Eiji , Shibahara Fumitoshi , Murai Toshiaki
Published: January 2012

Reaction of imidazopyridine (I) with aryl iodides (II) occurs selectively at the 3‐position to afford the C‐3‐arylated products (III) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Photochromic Oxazine Compounds.
Authors: Zhao Weili , Carreira Erick M.
Published: January 2012

The novel 2,2‐disubstituted title compounds are prepared in a one‐pot manner from 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone and acrylic acid derivatives proceeding as a cascade of 5 reactions transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylhalobenzene with 2‐Alkynylbenzamide: An Efficient Approach to Indeno[1,2‐c]azepin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Luo Yong , Wu Jie
Published: January 2012

Title compounds (III) which incorporate both indene and unsaturated seven‐membered ring lactam skeletons are obtained in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugation of Substituted Ferrocenyl to Thiadiazine as Apoptosis‐Inducing Agents Targeting the Bax/Bcl‐2 Pathway.
Authors: Miao Ruidong , Wei Juan , Lv Minghua , Cai Yan , Du Yuping , Hui Xinping , Wang Qin
Published: January 2012

The induction of apoptosis in human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) after treatment with newly synthesized ferrocenyl‐substituted heterocycles (III) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Ion Exchange on Synthetic Birnessite (Na0.35MnO2·0.6H2O).
Authors: Chitrakar Ramesh , Makita Yoji , Sonoda Akinari
Published: January 2012

Poorly crystalline Na0.35MnO2·0.6H2O exhibits ion‐exchange properties with Cs+ with increasing Kd values of Cs+ with increasing solution pH.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Metal Ions in Glasses: Recent Progresses
Authors: Alvarez Guillermo
Published: January 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Frustrated Magnets: A Novel Route to Multiferroicity
Authors: Singh A. K. , Patnaik S.
Published: January 2012

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fritz Haber: The Damned Scientist
Authors: Dunikowska Magda , Turko Ludwik
Published: January 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxidation of Amides to Imides: A Powerful Synthetic Transformation
Authors: Sperry Jonathan
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Enzymatic Acylation of Complex Natural Products: Expanding Molecular Diversity
Authors: Gonzalez‐Sabin Javier , Moran‐Ramallal Roberto , Rebolledo Francisca
Published: January 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Catalytic Aromatic Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Amii Hideki
Published: January 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods for Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules from Organic Azides
Authors: Chiba Shunsuke
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Oligo‐ and Polynucleotides
Authors: Loakes David
Published: January 2012

Review: 913 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry: The Emerging Role of the Azide—Alkyne Huisgen Dipolar Addition in the Preparation of Substituted Tetrapyrrolic Derivatives
Authors: Dumoulin Fabienne , Ahsen Vefa
Published: January 2012

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling with Organosilicon Compounds
Authors: Chang Wen‐Tau T. , Smith Russell C. , Regens Christopher S. , Bailey Aaron D. , Werner Nathan S. , Denmark Scott E.
Published: January 2012

Review: 329 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrocyanation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Rajanibabu T. V.
Published: January 2012

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic Resonance in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Systems
Authors: Schmool David S.
Published: January 2012

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Energy Surfaces for Metal‐Assisted Chemical Reactions
Authors: Marino Tiziana , Michelini Maria del Carmen , Russo Nino , Sicilia Emilia , Toscano Marirosa
Published: January 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Altering the Landscape or Viruses and Bionanoparticles.
Authors: Lee L. Andrew , Nguyen Huong Giang , Wang Qian
Published: January 2012

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Strategies to Prepare Synthetic Mimics of Carboxylate‐Bridged Diiron Protein Active Sites
Authors: Do Loi H. , Lippard Stephen J.
Published: January 2012

Review: 138 refs.
CFD Simulation of Wet Scrubbers Part 1. Principles and Implementation into Commercial CFD Software
Authors: Pieloth Damian , Kohnen Boris , Schaldach Gerhard , Walzel Peter
Published: January 2012

Die Auslegung und Optimierung von Nasswäschern ausschließlich anhand experimenteller Daten ist aufwendig. CFD‐Werkzeuge zur Simulation von Nasswäschern können Experimente begleiten, um die Abscheideleistung der Apparate zu steigern und den Entwicklungsaufwand zu reduzieren. Es wird die Implementierung eines Modells zur Staubabscheidung bei Nasswäschern in der Simulationsumgebung ANSYS CFX vorgestellt. Basis der Implementierung ist die modellhafte Beschreibung der Reinigungswirkung von Einzeltropfen in einer staubbeladenen Gasatmosphäre. Die berechneten spezifischen Reinigungsvolumina von Tropfen an einfachen Modellgeometrien zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit Literaturwerten.
The dissolution phenomenon of lysozyme crystals
Authors: Müller C. , Ulrich J.
Published: January 2012

Dissolution studies on lysozyme crystals were carried out since the observed dissolution pattern look different from non‐protein dissolved crystals. The Tetragonal, High Temperature and Low Temperature Orthorhombic morphologies, crystallized using sodium chloride, were chosen and the influence of different pH, salt and protein concentration on their dissolution was investigated. An increase in pH and/or salt concentration can modify the dissolution behaviour. The pattern of the crystals during the dissolution process will, therefore, develop differently. Frequently a skeleton like crystal pattern followed by a falling apart of the crystals is observed. The multi‐component character of the lysozyme crystal (protein, water, buffer, salt) as well as “solvatomorphism” gives first insights in the phenomena happening in the dissolution process. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
What can reasonably be expected from a truth commission?: A Togolese view
Authors: Kpanake Lonzozou , Mullet Etienne
Published: January 2012

A survey examining the personal views of a sample of 579 ordinary citizens living in Togo on the possible objectives, functions, powers, and composition of truth commissions was conducted. These citizens were sensitized to the idea of the creation of a truth commission in their country under the auspices of the United Nations. Some clear priorities were promoting reconciliation, strengthening the respect for human rights, acquiring knowledge about past atrocities, and restoring the dignity of victims. They did not expect truth commissions to have for their objectives the punishment of the perpetrators or the implementation of social and economic reforms.
Learning through deepening conversations: A key strategy of insight mediation
Authors: Picard Cheryl , Jull Marnie
Published: January 2012

This article discusses the theory and practice of the insight approach to mediation; an approach that applies Lonergan's philosophy of cognition to the field of conflict resolution. The authors focus on a specific type of learning conversation, known as deepening, that is important in the practice of insight mediation. To help us understand deepening conversations, they begin with an overview of the theoretical foundations from Lonergan on which the practice of deepening is based and then go on to describe key aspects of insight mediation. In the latter part of the article, and to illustrate the application of the theory to the practice of mediation, they take us through a simulated dialogue that involves a conflict between a father and daughter over the daughter's pending marriage.
Between Western theory and local practice: Cultural impediments to truth‐telling in Sierra Leone
Authors: Millar Gearoid
Published: January 2012

Although truth commissions are thought to provide healing and justice in postwar situations, some scholars worry that such mechanisms emerge from Western theories that may be inapplicable in many cultural settings. Based on an ethnographic study of local experiences of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Sierra Leone, this article describes how local cultural dynamics determine whether truth‐telling is experienced as predicted by peacebuilding theory. This article argues that the variability of such dynamics, which create unique local conceptual constructs and norms, often militates against the application of truth‐telling processes, and that this was clearly the case in Sierra Leone.
Dynamic distribution of claudin proteins in pancreatic epithelia undergoing morphogenesis or neoplastic transformation
Authors: Westmoreland Joby J. , Drosos Yiannis , Kelly Jacqueline , Ye Jianming , Means Anna L. , Washington M. Kay , Sosa‐Pineda Beatriz
Published: January 2012

Background: The assembly of distinct proteins into tight junctions results in the formation of a continuous barrier that regulates the paracellular flux of water, ions, and small molecules across epithelia. The claudin protein family encompasses numerous major structural components of tight junctions. These proteins specify the permeability characteristics of tight junctions and consequently, some of the physiological properties of epithelia. Furthermore, defective claudin expression has been found to correlate with some diseases, tumor progression, and defective morphogenesis. Investigating the pattern of claudin expression during embryogenesis or in certain pathological conditions is necessary to begin disclosing the role of these proteins in health and disease. Results: This study analyzed the expression of several claudins during mouse pancreas organogenesis and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias of mouse and human origin. Conclusions: Our results underscored a distinctive, dynamic distribution of certain claudins in both the developing pancreas and the pancreatic epithelium undergoing neoplastic transformation. Developmental Dynamics 241:583–594, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Developmental expression ofDrosophilaWiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome family proteins
Authors: Rodriguez‐Mesa Evelyn , Abreu‐Blanco Maria Teresa , Rosales‐Nieves Alicia E. , Parkhurst Susan M.
Published: January 2012

Background: Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome (WASP) family proteins participate in many cellular processes involving rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. To the date, four WASP subfamily members have been described inDrosophila:Wash, WASp, SCAR, and Whamy. Wash, WASp, and SCAR are essential during earlyDrosophiladevelopment where they function in orchestrating cytoplasmic events including membrane‐cytoskeleton interactions. A mutant for Whamy has not yet been reported.Results: We generated monoclonal antibodies that are specific toDrosophilaWash, WASp, SCAR, and Whamy, and use these to describe their spatial and temporal localization patterns. Consistent with the importance of WASP family proteins in flies, we find that Wash, WASp, SCAR, and Whamy are dynamically expressed throughout oogenesis and embryogenesis. For example, we find that Wash accumulates at the oocyte cortex. WASp is highly expressed in the PNS, while SCAR is the most abundantly expressed in the CNS. Whamy exhibits an asymmetric subcellular localization that overlaps with mitochondria and is highly expressed in muscle.Conclusions: All four WASP family members show specific expression patterns, some of which reflect their previously known roles and others revealing new potential functions. The monoclonal antibodies developed offer valuable new tools to investigate how WASP family proteins regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Developmental Dynamics 241:608–626, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.