bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Pressure in the Cold Neutral Medium of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Herrera-Camus R. , Bolatto A. , Wolfire M. , Ostriker E. , Draine B. , Leroy A. , Sandstrom K. , Hunt L. , Kennicutt R. , Calzetti D. , Smith J. D. , Croxall K. , Galametz M. , de Looze I. , Dale D. , Crocker A. , Groves B.
Published: January 2017

Dynamic and thermal processes regulate the structure of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), and ultimately establish how galaxies evolve through star formation. Thus, to constrain ISM models and better understand the interplay of these processes, it is of great interest to measure the thermal pressure (

) of the diffuse, neutral gas. By combining [C ii] 158 μm, H i, and CO data from 31 galaxies selected from the Herschel KINGFISH sample, we have measured thermal pressures in 534 predominantly atomic regions with typical sizes of ∼1 kiloparsec. We find a distribution of thermal pressures in the

K cm−3 range. For a sub-sample of regions with conditions similar to those of the diffuse, neutral gas in the Galactic plane, we find thermal pressures that follow a log-normal distribution with a median value of P
th/k ≈ 3600 K cm−3. These results are consistent with thermal pressure measurements using other observational methods. We find that

increases with radiation field strength and star formation activity, as expected from the close link between the heating of the gas and the star formation rate. Our thermal pressure measurements fall in the regime where a two-phase ISM with cold and warm neutral media could exist in pressure equilibrium. Finally, we find that the midplane thermal pressure of the diffuse gas is about ∼30% of the vertical weight of the overlying ISM, consistent with results from hydrodynamical simulations of self-regulated star formation in galactic disks.
Stochastic Fermi Energization of Coronal Plasma during Explosive Magnetic Energy Release
Authors: Pisokas Theophilos , Vlahos Loukas , Isliker Heinz , Tsiolis Vassilis , Anastasiadis Anastasios
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the interaction of charged particles (ions and electrons) with randomly formed particle scatterers (e.g., large-scale local “magnetic fluctuations” or “coherent magnetic irregularities”) using the setup proposed initially by Fermi. These scatterers are formed by the explosive magnetic energy release and propagate with the Alfvén speed along the irregular magnetic fields. They are large-scale local fluctuations (δB/B ≈ 1) randomly distributed inside the unstable magnetic topology and will here be called Alfvénic Scatterers (AS). We constructed a 3D grid on which a small fraction of randomly chosen grid points are acting as AS. In particular, we study how a large number of test particles evolves inside a collection of AS, analyzing the evolution of their energy distribution and their escape-time distribution. We use a well-established method to estimate the transport coefficients directly from the trajectories of the particles. Using the estimated transport coefficients and solving the Fokker–Planck equation numerically, we can recover the energy distribution of the particles. We have shown that the stochastic Fermi energization of mildly relativistic and relativistic plasma can heat and accelerate the tail of the ambient particle distribution as predicted by Parker & Tidman and Ramaty. The temperature of the hot plasma and the tail of the energetic particles depend on the mean free path (λ
sc) of the particles between the scatterers inside the energization volume.
Electron Acceleration at Pulsar Wind Termination Shocks
Authors: Giacchè S. , Kirk John G.
Published: January 2017

We study the acceleration of electrons and positrons at an electromagnetically modified, ultrarelativistic shock in the context of pulsar wind nebulae. We simulate the outflow produced by an obliquely rotating pulsar in proximity of its termination shock with a two-fluid code that uses a magnetic shear wave to mimic the properties of the wind. We integrate electron trajectories in the test-particle limit in the resulting background electromagnetic fields to analyze the injection mechanism. We find that the shock-precursor structure energizes and reflects a sizable fraction of particles, which becomes available for further acceleration. We investigate the subsequent first-order Fermi process sustained by small-scale magnetic fluctuations with a Monte Carlo code. We find that the acceleration proceeds in two distinct regimes: when the gyroradius

exceeds the wavelength of the shear λ, the process is remarkably similar to first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic, parallel shocks. This regime corresponds to a low-density wind that allows the propagation of superluminal waves. When

which corresponds to the scenario of driven reconnection, the spectrum is softer.
Chromospheric Plasma Ejections in a Light Bridge of a Sunspot
Authors: Song Donguk , Chae Jongchul , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Lim Eun-Kyung , Cho Kyung-Suk , Yang Heesu , Cho Kyuhyoun , Kwak Hannah
Published: January 2017

It is well-known that light bridges (LBs) inside a sunspot produce small-scale plasma ejections and transient brightenings in the chromosphere, but the nature and origin of such phenomena are still unclear. Utilizing the high-spatial and high-temporal resolution spectral data taken with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph and the TiO 7057 Å broadband filter images installed at the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory, we report arcsecond-scale chromospheric plasma ejections (1.″7) inside a LB. Interestingly, the ejections are found to be a manifestation of upwardly propagating shock waves as evidenced by the sawtooth patterns seen in the temporal-spectral plots of the Ca ii 8542 Å and Hα intensities. We also found a fine-scale photospheric pattern (1″) diverging with a speed of about 2 km s−1 two minutes before the plasma ejections, which seems to be a manifestation of magnetic flux emergence. As a response to the plasma ejections, the corona displayed small-scale transient brightenings. Based on our findings, we suggest that the shock waves can be excited by the local disturbance caused by magnetic reconnection between the emerging flux inside the LB and the adjacent umbral magnetic field. The disturbance generates slow-mode waves, which soon develop into shock waves, and manifest themselves as the arcsecond-scale plasma ejections. It also appears that the dissipation of mechanical energy in the shock waves can heat the local corona.
A Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Study on the Degradation Pathways of Glycine on Mars in the Presence of Perchlorates and Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Góbi Sándor , Förstel Marko , Maksyutenko Pavlo , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: January 2017

The absence of abundant organics on the Martian surface is a much discussed observation. So far, no explanation is completely satisfactory. In this study we aim for a deeper understanding of the degradation processes of organics in the presence of perchlorates that can take place on the Martian surface. Our primary goal is to study the radiation-induced decomposition process of glycine (H2NCH2COOH) in the absence and presence of an oxidizer relevant to the Martian surface—perchlorate anions

(

ClO

4

−

)

. Glycine and various samples of glycine-1-13C (+H3NC

H

2

13

COO−)–magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (Mg(ClO4)2 · 6H2O) were exposed to energetic electrons mimicking secondary electrons originating from the interaction of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the Martian regolith. Using isotope-labeled and deuterated pure glycine samples such as glycine-1-13C, glycine-d5 (+D3NCD2COO−), glycine-N,N,N-d3 (+D3NCH2COO−), and glycine-2,2-d2 (+H3NCD2COO−), we can conclude that decarboxylation (carbon dioxide loss) of the glycine molecule is exclusively the first decay step during irradiation regardless of whether perchlorate anions are present or not. In pure glycine samples, the decarboxylation co-product methylamine (CH3NH2) and its radiolytic decay product ammonia could both be detected explicitly for the first time. In the presence of perchlorates, (partial) oxidation of the glycine decarboxylation product CH3NH2 may occur. Because the decarboxylation is an equilibrium reaction and the CH3NH2 is effectively removed from the system by this oxidation, glycine cannot be recycled. Therefore the depletion of the CH3NH2 facilitates the process, resulting in an overall 10-fold increase in the formation rate of carbon dioxide and its elevated concentrations in the perchlorate-containing irradiated samples.
Evolution Models of Helium White Dwarf–Main-sequence Star Merger Remnants
Authors: Zhang Xianfei , Hall Philip D. , Jeffery C. Simon , Bi Shaolan
Published: January 2017

It is predicted that orbital decay by gravitational-wave radiation and tidal interaction will cause some close binary stars to merge within a Hubble time. The merger of a helium-core white dwarf with a main-sequence (MS) star can produce a red giant branch star that has a low-mass hydrogen envelope when helium is ignited and thus become a hot subdwarf. Because detailed calculations have not been made, we compute post-merger models with a stellar evolution code. We find the evolutionary paths available to merger remnants and find the pre-merger conditions that lead to the formation of hot subdwarfs. We find that some such mergers result in the formation of stars with intermediate helium-rich surfaces. These stars later develop helium-poor surfaces owing to diffusion. Combining our results with a model population and comparing to observed stars, we find that some observed intermediate helium-rich hot subdwarfs can be explained as the remnants of the mergers of helium-core white dwarfs with low-mass MS stars.
Report of Platythomisus octomaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1845) and Platythomisus sudeepi Biswas, 1977 from India (Araneae, Thomisidae)
Authors: Yadav Swara , Patil Vinayak , Ismavel Vijay Anand
Published: January 2017

The genus Platythomisus Doleschall, 1859 presently comprises 13 valid species, nine known from Africa and four from Asia. All Platythomisus species are known from females only, except P. jucundus Thorell, 1894 and P. sudeepi Biswas, 1977 from both sexes and P. quadrimaculatus from juvenile. Only, P. sudeepi was reported from India.

Platythomisus octomaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1845) is recorded after 120 years of its last report; newly recorded from Assam, India which extends its distribution from the previously known localities, Java and Sumatra. Platythomisus sudeepi is newly recorded from the Maharashtra State. The variation in the number of abdominal spots on juvenile, sub-adult and adult of P. octomaculatus observed during rearing is reported. Although, the species name 'octomaculatus' suggests eight spots, we observed that the anterior pair of abdominal spots is fused in adults.
Les politiques agraires de la Révolution chinoise
Authors: Bianco Lucien
Published: January 2017

La Révolution chinoise a maltraité ses paysans, bien qu’elle fût plus proche d’eux et mieux disposée à leur égard que les bolcheviks. La réforme agraire illustre le contraste avec la révolution bolchevique : les communistes donnent la terre des riches aux paysans, alors que les paysans russes s’en étaient emparés eux-mêmes en 1917. Cette réforme agraire n’en est pas moins une véritable révolution agraire, qui polarise une société rurale qui se percevait comme solidaire face à la ville plutôt que divisée en classes hostiles. En multipliant les micro-exploitations non viables, la réforme agraire hâte le passage aux étapes suivantes. De la collectivisation au Grand Bond en avant, celles-ci ramènent la politique agraire des révolutionnaires chinois dans le rang : ils imitent leur modèle, lors même qu’ils prétendent s’en affranchir. La marche à la collectivisation est cependant plus progressive qu’en URSS. De la collectivisation à la communisation ou mise en commun des biens dans les communes populaires, telle apparaît l’ambition du Grand Bond de 1958. Tout n’est pas utopique dans la stratégie du Grand Bond, qui s’inspire de considérations pragmatiques, à commencer par le souci de mieux utiliser une main-d’œuvre rurale surabondante. La nature du régime est largement responsable des désordres et désastres de son application, qui a provoqué une des famines les plus meurtrières de l’histoire de l’humanité. Afin de la juguler, des autorités locales et régionales introduisent des innovations qui seront systématisées après la mort de Mao. Au début des années 1980, la décollectivisation liquide l’héritage socialiste et les paysans deviennent des fermiers exploitant à leur guise la parcelle de propriété collective du village qui leur a été allouée.
The Experience of Nurse–Midwives in Teaching Roles
Authors: Doherty Mary Ellen
Published: January 2017

Background:

The nursing faculty shortage has generated the interest of some nurse–midwives to teach in baccalaureate nursing programs. These seasoned practitioners bring a wealth of knowledge and clinical expertise to classrooms and clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of nurse–midwives who teach in baccalaureate nursing programs.

Method:

This study used a qualitative phenomenological research design based in the naturalistic paradigm. Colaizzi's procedure for analyzing phenomenological data was used to examine verbatim transcriptions from 16 interviews. Data saturation was achieved.

Results:

Six themes emerged from the data: Emphasis on Normal; Knowing My Stuff: Confidence and Competence; Students Wanting to Become Nurse–Midwives in the Future; Students Desiring Nurse–Midwifery Care; Teaching and Imparting the Nurse–Midwifery Philosophy; and Professional Challenges: The Faculty Role.

Conclusion:

Nurse–midwives teaching in baccalaureate nursing programs are in strategic positions to influence nursing students. While helping the faculty shortage, they impart professional values and skills. They may inspire students to embrace the nurse–midwifery model of care.
[J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(2):77–84.]
Beyond the Dedicated Education Unit: Using Cognitive Load Theory to Guide Clinical Placement
Authors: Mulcock Pamela McPhie , Grassley Jane , Davis Michael , White Kathryn
Published: January 2017

Background:

Navigating multiple instructors and clinical agencies can impair students' learning by increasing their cognitive load and perceived stress. This study used cognitive load theory to guide the home base clinical model (HBCM), which assigned students to the same faculty and hospital unit for two consecutive medical–surgical clinical courses.

Method:

The study used a quasi-experimental three-group design to evaluate the effects of the HBCM on students' perceived stress, compared with groups who changed hospital or instructor. A 10-point visual analog scale measured students' perceived stress on nine clinical tasks.

Results:

The study recruited 140 participants. Reductions in mean stress were greater for the HBCM groups than the other two groups.

Conclusion:

The study findings challenge the current practice of placing students with changing faculty and facilities. The HBCM demonstrates potential as an effective model for increasing students' ability to learn by decreasing their cognitive load and subsequent stress in their clinical placements. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(2):105–109.]
Importance of Coding Education and Robotic Applications For Achieving 21st-Century Skills in North Cyprus
Authors: Kanbul Sezer , Uzunboylu Huseyin
Published: January 2017

It is seen that coding education and robotic applications are integrated or being integrated into education system for students at early ages all around the world. Aim of this study is to reveal the importance of coding education and robotic applications for achieving 21st century skills in North Cyprus. This study is a descriptive study based on literature review. The obtained data were evaluated by the researcher to reveal the current case with a descriptive approach. It is really important for students to receive education on coding and robotics applications in order to be able to acquire 21st century skills, develop, produce and achieve “Informatics Island” vision of North Cyprus. In this research, it is seen that importance given to coding education and robotic applications in North Cyprus is insufficient. It is also revealed that there are effective robotic studies as a result of institutional efforts by universities. However, there is no attempt to integrate coding education into primary, secondary and university education programs and there is a little number of academic research related with coding education and robotic applications. It is expected that this study will be a guide for academicians who would like to conduct research in this field, provide information about the present condition and set an example.
Design a Civil Engineering Micro-lecture Platform based on the ARCS Model Perspective
Authors: Zhang Wenting
Published: January 2017

Based on ARCS model theory, this paper designed a micro-lecture teaching platform. Due to the integration of Android and SQL Server technology and ARCS model theory, the platform can carry out teaching practice on intelligent mobile devices, and has some features like mobility, seamlessness and strong advancement. At the same time, the course of civil engineering in universities and colleges was taken as an example to test the practical value of this mobile teaching platform. The ARCS motivation model based micro-lecture platform pays attention to the stimulation and maintenance of learners’ motive, focuses on the interest in learning, and strengthens and keeps the interest of learners through a series of strategies to achieve the purpose of learning. It is helpful for changing the present situation in teaching that the level of learners’ learning motivation is weakening, and thereby has certain reference significance for the design of learning-oriented teaching software, especially self-learning teaching software.
Mobile Learning Apps in Instruction And Students Achievement
Authors: Kattayat Sandhya , Josey Smitha , J.V Asha
Published: January 2017

The increasing availability of low-cost mobile and wireless devices and associated infrastructure heralds both opportunities and challenges for educational institutions and their teachers and learners.[1]Mobile telephones are inexpensive, accessible, and well positioned for the delivery of student support interventions. Low cost mobile technologies can be used to maintain and enhance contact with students and teachers, and, by logic and improve retention[2]Students reasons for withdrawal from a course can be due to: distance from the study centres; insufficient academic support; insufficient information on counselling and laboratory sessions; and other associated information.  As mobile phones become more ubiquitous, they are arguably well positioned to play a more central and effective role in providing students with much needed information – i.e., schedule of counselling and/ or laboratory sessions; and other relevant information related to their studies.[3]Most learning pedagogies from constructive learning and conversation theories can be adapted for a mobile learning environment. The key is to understand the strengths and weakness of a particular technology, while deploying good pedagogical practices to achieve specific learning goals.[3]It seems inevitable that m-learning will soon be an essential extension of e-learning[3] In the context of mobile learning, device type has a critical impact on teaching and learning.[4] Mobile learning is most prevalent at higher education institutions, followed by elementary schools. Mobile learning most frequently supports students in the professions and applied sciences, followed by the humanities and formal sciences.  The most highly cited articles fall into the categories of mobile learning system design and followed by effectiveness. In sum, this study of issues in mobile learning presents findings which can help supplement linkages with previous studies and forms an important reference base for the future research in mobile learning.[4]The basic elements of mobile learning are teacher , learner, content, environment and assessment.[7]
The TVET Scenario and Challenges Faced by the SAARC Nations
Authors: Tyagi Sumedha
Published: January 2017

The chapter aimed at examining the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) issues across South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries with a view to understanding current scenario and challenges faced by them in terms of skilling their population in order to reap demographic dividend. It helped comprehend the skill issue in the context of globalization and sought to scrutinize how the skilling efforts that have moved on to central stage in all countries are regarded an important growth driver in knowledge based globalized economy. It explored the theme in a much wider context across nations and clearly brings out that these nations have a scarcity of trained workforce resulting in low work productivity, inadequately trained faculty, irrelevance of course content low industry involvement in TVET and terribly low institutional training capacity, TVET systems being too supply driven and far-removed from market demand. The chapter's inquiry based on primary data collected from the National Capital Region of India revealed this phenomenon clearly. The methodology combined both primary data with that of secondary data to support our hypotheses formulated in the study. The study has direct policy implications to India and other SAARC countries that the challenges to provide skill training are enormous in view of its complexity and heterogeneity of labour force. Continuous up gradation of skills is, therefore, paramount necessity in the context of globalized milieu. Unless numerous technical and vocational courses are qualitatively improved to make them marketable, these would continue to become less relevant to the needs of market.
Quality TVET for Matching Needs of the Industry
Authors: Sharma Jitendra
Published: January 2017

TVET is a significant component in the scheme of things when we refer to India as a ‘young nation' with 28 (twenty-eight) million population of youth being added every year and in future about 90 (ninety) per cent of employment opportunities may require vocational skills in collaboration with industry. It can link competence of youth with Industry needs. Bringing Vocational Training closer to the needs of dynamically changing and evolving markets can help young people move into more productive and sustainable jobs. The industrial and market trends clearly indicate the necessity of strengthening the vocational education in India. The basic objective of this paper is to assess and describe the Role of Industry in ensuring quality of TVET so as to bridge the gap between actual and perceived quality of manpower. It also summarizes the factors influencing employability in present Indian and International scenario and its problems. This paper focuses on the relevance of Technical, Vocational Education and Training to specialized industry and economics demanding higher level of skills.
Outsourcing, Knowledge, and Learning
Authors: Edvardsson Ingi Runar , Durst Susanne
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to review research that determines the influence of outsourcing on knowledge management and learning, a process which will help identify new research opportunities and contribute to the further development of outsourcing theory. The study consists of a review of 34 refereed articles on outsourcing in relation to knowledge management and learning. The findings were summarised in a number of hypotheses and two conceptual models which highlight the contribution of outsourcing to either competitive advantage or disadvantage. This study may not have enabled a complete coverage of all peer reviewed articles in the field of outsourcing in relation to learning and knowledge management. Yet, it seems reasonable to assume that the review process covered a large share of studies available. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no literature review on this topic has previously been published in academic journals.
Evaluating the Impact of Information Technology on Knowledge Management Performance with Balance Scorecard Approach
Authors: Siadat Seyed Hossein , Abdollahi Ali , Garshasbi Laleh
Published: January 2017

Knowledge is one of the key factors of success and development in today's Firms. Therefore, managers are strongly fascinated by organizational knowledge management issues. In this way, information technology (IT) is known as an enabler of knowledge management (KM). In this paper, the impact of IT on knowledge management is evaluated with the balance scorecard approach considering financial, customers, internal processes and learning criteria. A conceptual model is presented for this purpose using IT application and infrastructure factors. The significant positive effect of the infrastructure factor on KM was 0.7 and that of the application was 0.79. The final result indicated a significant direct relationship between IT and KM that was 0.78, confirming the effect of IT on KM.
Delivery of Amphotericin B to Candida albicans by Using Biomachined Lab-on-a-Chip
Authors: Nadhif M. Hanif , Whulanza Yudan , Istiyanto Jos , Bachtiar Boy M.
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the ability of biomachined lab-on-a-chip (LoC) to perform drug testing of Amphotericin B to the Candida albicans. The chip is made of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS). Molds are patterned using CNC milling followed by biomachining. CNC milling process creates channel features on the bottom mold, while biomachining forms rough surface on the channels. After the molds are created, LoC can be manufactured using those molds. Hence, contour surface on LoC’s channels is also realized following the mold surface. Later, Candida albicans is seeded on the LoC’s channels for 24 and 48 hours with the continuous flow of Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) Sterile. Then, cell viability is tested using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT).The result shows that C. albicans could adhere and grow in the LoC channels. Based on this result, drug testing is conducted in the presence and absence of Amphotericin B (Amp B) under two schemes: without (static) and with (dynamic) the continuous flow of YNB Sterile and Amp B. After 48 hour incubation period, C. albicans biofilm of 28.72 % is shown during dynamic scheme, whereas static scheme had C. albicans biofilm of 99.32 % indicating that the dynamic scheme provides a better efficacy compared to the static scheme.
NCAA Football Off-Season Training: Unanswered Prayers… A Prayer Answered
Authors: Anderson Scott
Published: January 2017

Off-season training in year-round collegiate football is purported to be performance enhancing. Absent principles of exercise physiology, excesses in sport-training regimens pose risk to the participant athletes. Since 2000, 33 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players have died in sport: 27 nontraumatic deaths and 6 traumatic deaths, a ratio of 4.5 nontraumatic deaths for every traumatic death. On average, 2 NCAA football players die per season. Best practices, consensus guidelines, and precautions are ignored, elevating the risk. However, standards exist that will, if heeded, prevent nontraumatic death in athletes training for sport. Sickle cell trait status knowledge and tailored precautions are preventing deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. Adherence to established principles of exercise physiology and best-practice training standards, which is long overdue, will help to prevent not only deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait but also sudden cardiac, exertional heat stroke, and asthma deaths.
Migration crisis and the church: A response to lacunae and considerations for Christian ministry engagement
Authors: Magezi Christopher
Published: January 2017

This article critically assesses some theological-ecclesiological responses and approaches to migration challenges in order to ascertain lacunae within Christian ministry engagement. Although other academic disciplines such economics, politics, geography, demography, sociology, psychology, law, history, anthropology and environmental studies shape the discourse of migration, theology boarders the migration debate as if it does not have anything to offer. However, this does not necessarily mean there are no existing theological-ecclesiological responses and approaches to migration challenges. Thus, this article proceeds to categorise the theological-ecclesiological responses to migration challenges into four approaches: (1) the approach that focuses on practical responses from pastoral care that is limited to particular social contexts, (2) the approach of theological motif and ministry praxis from narrow and single biblical texts, (3) the response that focuses on Israel as a paradigm of how the native churches and hosting nations should treat migrants and (4) a systematic approach which focuses on doctrinal formulations that respond to migration challenges. In considering these positions but moving beyond them in response to migration challenges, this article exposes a theological debate and agenda for migration ministry. In doing so, this article identifies some lacunae for further exploration in Christian migration ministry engagement. It concludes by underscoring the need for a meaningful and responsive theology that shapes the discourse of migration, as well as the formulation of operative ecclesiological responses. This article thus contends and paves the way for theological research to become central to migration studies in a manner that demonstrates that theology transcends spiritual reflection to include practical psycho-social, emotional, economic and other dimensions. The contribution of this article lies in its examination of the existing theological-ecclesiological responses and approaches to migration challenges and therefore identifying gaps in theology of migration that can be placed in the theological agenda.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article outlines theological research agenda for theology and migration ministry. It considers migration theological gaps from a systematic theological and missiological nexus, and as such it is a theological interdisciplinary article integrating systematic and missions. The article contributes to mapping a theological research agenda for the topical issue of migration and refugees in order to develop and inform church ministry designs.
SOR-like Methods with Optimization Model for Augmented Linear Systems
Authors: Wen Rui-Ping , Li Su-Dan , Meng Guo-Yan
Published: January 2017

There has been a lot of study on the SOR-like methods for solving the augmented system of linear equations since the outstanding work of Golub, Wu and Yuan (BIT 41(2001)71-85) was presented fifteen years ago. Based on the SOR-like methods, we establish a class of accelerated SOR-like methods for large sparse augmented linear systems by making use of optimization technique, which will find the optimal relaxation parameter ω by optimization models. We demonstrate the convergence theory of the new methods under suitable restrictions. The numerical examples show these methods are effective.
A Filtered-Davidson Method for Large Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Miao Cun-Qiang
Published: January 2017

For symmetric eigenvalue problems, we constructed a three-term recurrence polynomial filter by means of Chebyshev polynomials. The new filtering technique does not need to solve linear systems and only needs matrix-vector products. It is a memory conserving filtering technique for its three-term recurrence relation. As an application, we use this filtering strategy to the Davidson method and propose the filtered-Davidson method. Through choosing suitable shifts, this method can gain cubic convergence rate locally. Theory and numerical experiments show the efficiency of the new filtering technique.
On a New SSOR-Like Method with Four Parameters for the Augmented Systems
Authors: Wang Hui-Di , Huang Zheng-Da
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we propose a new SSOR-like method with four parameters to solve the augmented system. And we analyze the convergence of the method and get the optimal convergence factor under suitable conditions. It is proved that the optimal convergence factor is the same as the GMPSD method [M.A. Louka and N.M. Missirlis, A comparison of the extrapolated successive overrelaxation and the preconditioned simultaneous displacement methods for augmented systems, Numer. Math. 131(2015) 517-540] with five parameters under the same assumption.
A Modified Relaxed Positive-Semidefinite and Skew-Hermitian Splitting Preconditioner for Generalized Saddle Point Problems
Authors: Cao Yang , Wang An , Chen Yu-Juan
Published: January 2017

Based on the relaxed factorization techniques studied recently and the idea of the simple-like preconditioner, a modified relaxed positive-semidefinite and skew-Hermitian splitting (MRPSS) preconditioner is proposed for generalized saddle point problems. Some properties, including the eigenvalue distribution, the eigenvector distribution and the minimal polynomial of the preconditioned matrix are studied. Numerical examples arising from the mixed finite element discretization of the Oseen equation are illustrated to show the efficiency of the new preconditioner.
Accelerated GPMHSS Method for Solving Complex Systems of Linear Equations
Authors: Wang Jing , Guo Xue-Ping , Zhong Hong-Xiu
Published: January 2017

Preconditioned modified Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting method (PMHSS) is an unconditionally convergent iteration method for solving large sparse complex symmetric systems of linear equations, and uses one parameter α. Adding another parameter β, the generalized PMHSS method (GPMHSS) is essentially a twoparameter iteration method. In order to accelerate the GPMHSS method, using an unexpected way, we propose an accelerated GPMHSS method (AGPMHSS) for large complex symmetric linear systems. Numerical experiments show the numerical behavior of our new method.
О специальных алгебрах Ли, имеющих точный модуль с размерностью Крулля
Authors: Pikhtilkova Olga Aleksandrovna , Pikhtilkov Sergrey Alekseevich
Published: January 2017

Для специальных алгебр Ли доказан аналог теоремы В. Т. Маркова о $\mathrm{PI}$-алгебрах, имеющих точный модуль с размерностью Крулля, - разрешимость первичного радикала. Приведен пример полупервичной алгебры Ли, имеющей точный модуль с размерностью Крулля, не представимой в виде подпрямого произведения конечного числа первичных алгебр Ли. Доказан критерий представимости полупервичной алгебры Ли в виде подпрямого произведения конечного числа первичных алгебр Ли.
Библиография: 11 наименований.
Существование трех нетривиальных решений эллиптической краевой задачи с разрывной нелинейностью в случае сильного резонанса
Authors: Pavlenko Vyacheslav Nikolaevich , Potapov Dmitriy Konstantinovich
Published: January 2017

Рассматривается сильно резонансная однородная задача Дирихле
для уравнения эллиптического типа
с разрывной по фазовой переменной нелинейностью.
Вариационным методом доказывается теорема существования
не менее трех нетривиальных решений изучаемой задачи, причем,
по крайней мере, два из них полуправильные. Полученная теорема
применяется к задаче на собственные значения для уравнения
эллиптического типа с разрывной нелинейностью
с положительным спектральным параметром.
Приводится пример разрывной нелинейности,
удовлетворяющей всем условиям установленной теоремы.
Библиография: 26 названий.
Об особенностях исследования неавтономных дифференциальных уравнений с матрицей экспоненциального типа
Authors: Konyaev Yurii Alexandrovich , Maslov Dmitry Alexandrovich
Published: January 2017

Разработан алгоритм спектрального анализа неавтономных
систем дифференциальных уравнений на полуоси, матрица
которых представлена в виде суммы матриц экспоненциального
типа. Данный метод, в основе которого лежит один из
вариантов метода расщепления, позволяет доказать теорему
о почти приводимости исходной системы к более простой
эквивалентной системе и сформулировать достаточное
условие асимптотической устойчивости и устойчивости ее
тривиального решения.
Библиография: 7 названий.
О вполне инертных подгруппах вполне разложимых групп
Authors: Chekhlov Andrey Rostislavovich
Published: January 2017

Описаны вполне разложимые абелевы группы без кручения
с конечным числом однородных компонент, каждая вполне
инертная подгруппа которых соизмерима с вполне
инвариантной подгруппой.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Необходимые и достаточные условия существования и единственности ограниченных решений уравнения
$\frac{dx(t)}{dt}=f(x(t)+h_1(t))+h_2(t)$
Authors: Slyusarchuk Vasilii Efimovich
Published: January 2017

Приведены необходимые и достаточные условия существования и единственности ограниченных решений нелинейного скалярного дифференциального уравнения $dx(t)/dt=f(x(t)+h_1(t))+h_2(t)$, $t\in\mathbb{R}$, в случае непрерывной функции $f(x)$ и ограниченных непрерывных функций $h_1(t)$ и $h_2(t)$. Также исследован случай почти периодических функций $h_1(t)$ и $h_2(t)$.
Библиография: 31 название.
Трехмерная $O(n)$-$\phi^4$-модель в плоско-параллельном слое со свободными граничными условиями: точные результаты для нетривиального размерного кроссовера в пределе $n\to\infty$
Authors: Diehl Hans Werner , Rutkevich Sergei B
Published: January 2017

Дан краткий обзор недавних результатов точных расчетов критических сил Казимира в $O(n)$-$\phi^4$-модели при $n\to\infty$ для трехмерного слоя ширины $L$, ограниченного двумя параллельными плоскостями со свободными граничными условиями. В этой модели дальний порядок имеет место при температурах ниже критической точки $T_{\mathrm c}$ объемного фазового перехода только в пределе $L\to\infty$, однако дальний порядок в модели отсутствует при всех температурах $T>0$ при произвольной конечной ширине слоя $L<\infty$. Последовательное описание скейлингового поведения системы вблизи $T_{\mathrm c}$ оказывается весьма сложной задачей, так как наряду с объемным и поверхностным скейлингом, а также конечно-размерным скейлингом необходимо учитывать нетривиальный размерный кроссовер. Модель допускает точное решение в пределе $n\to\infty$ в терминах собственных значений и собственных функций самосогласованного уравнения Шредингера. Это решение содержит потенциал $v(z)$, который имеет при $z\to +0$ сингулярное поведение $v(z)\approx-1/(4z^2)+4m/(\pi^2z)$ в приграничном слое, где $m=1/\xi_+(|t|)$ - обратная корреляционная длина в объемной системе, $t\sim(T-T_{\mathrm c})/T_{\mathrm c}$, и аналогичная сингулярность имеет место вблизи второй граничной плоскости. В недавней работе нами совместно с соавторами численными методами с высокой точностью были вычислены потенциал $v(z)$, избыточная свободная энергия и сила Казимира. Дано объяснение того, как эти численные результаты могут быть дополнены точными аналитическими результатами для целого ряда величин (коэффициенты разложения потенциала $v(z)$, данные рассеяния для потенциала $v(z)$ в полубесконечной геометрии $L=\infty$ при всех
значениях $m\gtreqless 0$, низкотемпературная асимптотика избыточной свободной энергии и силы Казимира). Эти аналитические результаты были получены сочетанием таких методов, как операторные разложения, обобщенная теория обратной задачи рассеяния, новая формула следов и квазиклассические (ВКБ) разложения.
Child Gender and Parental Reporting of Illness Symptoms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rockers Peter C. , McConnell Margaret
Published: January 2017

The overwhelming majority of evidence about the health of children in low- and middle-income countries is based on reports by parents. There is limited evidence on whether these reports suffer from systematic bias, particularly related to the gender of the child. We investigate differences in symptom reporting by child gender in a sample of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Data from 35 Demographic and Health Surveys and 10 Malaria Indicator Surveys conducted since 2005 were analyzed. Parental reports of child symptoms were compared for girls and boys. In a subsample of data from Nigeria, we also compared the accuracy of parental reports of fever between girls and boys. Then, potential explanations for observed reporting differences were explored. Finally, country-level relationships between gender differences in symptom reporting and differences in child health outcomes were estimated. Parents reported fewer episodes of fever and diarrhea for girls as compared with boys. Less frequent symptom reporting for girls does not appear to be due to reduced exposure to illness-causing agents nor increased treatment seeking. Lower fever reporting for girls relative to boys is associated with higher relative infant mortality for girls at the country level, consistent with a potential link between underreporting and health outcomes. From a measurement perspective, estimates of gender imbalances in child morbidity and treatment based on parental reports may be inaccurate. From a public health perspective, parental underreporting of symptoms in girls may indicate untreated illness that goes unnoticed.
Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Supsrisunjai Chavalit , Kootiratrakarn Tanawatt , Puangpet Pailin , Bunnag Thareena , Chaowalit Prapaipit , Wessagowit Vesarat
Published: January 2017

Several case reports of autochthonous leishmaniasis in Thailand have been published since 1996. Most of the previous cases presented with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and were mostly reported in southern part of Thailand. Recently, it has been evident that Leishmania martiniquensis is the main cause of Leishmania infection in Thailand. However, Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang isolate) was found to be of a separate lineage with restricted distribution in southern Thailand and also a cause of disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in one published case. Here we report the first patient from central Thailand with human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis (large subunit of RNA polymerase II and 18S ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1) from the tissue biopsy sample revealed the pathogen sequences to be highly homologous to PCM2 Trang strain previously reported from southern Thailand.
Progressive Perforation of the Nasal Septum Due to Leishmania major: A Case of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in a Traveler
Authors: Harrison Nicole , Walochnik Julia , Ramsebner Reinhard , Veletzky Luzia , Lagler Heimo , Ramharter Michael
Published: January 2017

This report describes a case of mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major with destructive perforation of the nasal septum illustrating the diagnostic challenges of a rare clinical presentation of L. major infection in a traveler. The atypical presentation may have been associated with the use of cortisone as a potential trigger for the progressive destruction of the nasal septum.
Human Gongylonema pulchrum Infection: Esophageal Symptoms and Need for Prolonged Albendazole Therapy
Authors: Libertin Claudia R. , Reza Mohammed , Peterson Joy H. , Lewis Jason , Hata D. Jane
Published: January 2017

We describe a case of human infection with Gongylonema pulchrum acquired in southeast Georgia. The patient presented with intermittent yet persistent nausea and vomiting for months. This case describes the need for extraction of worms on two occasions each followed by courses of albendazole treatment. Gongylonema pulchrum infections with high worm burden may relapse after extraction of the worm and a 3-day short course of albendazole therapy. Longer courses of albendazole may be indicated in selected circumstances.
A Tale of Two Utopias: Kang Youwei’s Communism, Mao Zedong’s Classicism and the “Accommodating Look” of the Marxist Li Zehou
Authors: BRUSADELLI Federico
Published: January 2017

In the Datong Shu the Confucianist philosopher Kang Youwei (1858–1927) attempted to describe in an utopian fashion the end of history, as consisting of the abolition of private property, the institution of a world government, the disruption of marriage and the eradication of social differences. With his book, Kang somehow anticipated Mao’s use of the traditional ideal of datong as a revolutionary concept. In my paper, I will discuss a debate on the Datong Shu from the 1950’s, when a young Li Zehou (1930–) defended Kang’s utopianism from the accusations of ‘conservatism’ moved by orthodox Marxists. Li’s “benevolent look” on Kang may serve as an interesting anticipation of his later efforts to synthesize Marxist and Confucianism.
Introduction
Authors: ROŠKER Jana S.
Published: January 2017

Introduction to the special issue Thinking across the Borders: Philosophy and China
The Early Zhou Period: Origin of the Idea of Political Legitimacy and the Political Philosophy of Confucianism
Authors: DU Lun
Published: January 2017

The Chunqiu and Zhanguo Periods are usually regarded as the birth of Chinese philosophy, especially with regard to practical or moral philosophy. If we think about the concept of political legitimacy in the Early Zhou Period, with ideas like the “Mandate of Heaven”, “respect virtue” and “protect ruled people”, then this Period is not only the origin of this in ancient China, but also of Chinese philosophy, and primarily the political philosophy of Confucianism. The paper will first explain some documents in the “inscriptions on ancient bronze objects” in order to prove that the ideas of the “Mandate of Heaven”, “respect virtue” and “protect ruled people” really originated from this time. Through analysis of several Zhou documents from the Book of the Documents the paper will then demonstrate that these ideas are the three most important innovations in the history of Chinese thinking at that time.
Lingora
Authors: Hutchings Edmund
Published: January 2017

Lingora is an online language learning community for intermediate to advanced learners. People who want to improve at speaking the languages they study can receive written and audio recorded feedback about their accent, pronunciation, intonation and accuracy from native speakers.
Unidades de conservação, terras indígenas e quilombolas no estado do Amapá: como desenvolver um estado cujo território está 70% protegido por leis?
Authors: Assunção Linara Oeiras
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de debater alguns dilemas de desenvolvimento enfrentados pelo Estado do Amapá diante da publicação de 22 (vinte e dois) instrumentos normativos, ao longo dos anos, os quais criaram e/ou reconheceram áreas protegidas (unidades de conservação, terras indígenas e quilombolas) e alteraram substancialmente o território amapaense, impondo uma série de restrições ao próprio Estado, às empresas e aos indivíduos. Para tanto, segue uma abordagem qualitativa e um enfoque interpretativo/compreensivo, ambos pautados em levantamento bibliográfico e em pesquisa documental. Os argumentos estão sedimentados na visão de ordenamento territorial como política pública e em teoria da legislação para a (re)leitura dos marcos legais das áreas protegidas, a partir de uma necessária relação entre leis e desenvolvimento. Dentre outros pontos, concluiu que a opção em criar áreas protegidas no Estado do Amapá sem o devido planejamento e ordenamento territorial onerou consideravelmente o Estado, as empresas e os indivíduos e que são vários os problemas de sobreposição legal, de sobreposição territorial, de auscultação dos complexos interesses envolvidos, dificultando a implementação de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento eficazes.