bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alienation from educational activities in the context of digital transformation of education
Authors: Bysyuk Anna , Antonovskiy Aleksandr
Published: June 2022

The article reviews the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature on the issue of alienation from educational activities in the context of digital transformation of education. Alienation from educational activities (alienation of educational work) is understood as the process of a changed, disharmonious attitude of students (students, cadets) to educational activities, which is based on an unbalanced relationship with the subjects of the educational process (peers, teachers, the administration of an educational organization, significant others) and social distancing from the educational format as a whole. Alienation from educational activities can manifest itself in various symptoms in cognitive, behavioral, emotional terms: decreased motivation to study and gain knowledge and education, social passivity and apathy, the predominance of external motivation in studies (obtaining a diploma, not mastering knowledge in academic disciplines), decreased self-esteem and dissatisfaction with oneself and other participants in educational relations, a decrease in the quality of interpersonal relationships and an increase in social distance, a decrease in the level of claims, an increase in feelings of anxiety during training, denial of requirements and norms, Distance learning and digitalization of educational activities in a fairly operational format in recent years have allowed us to reveal additional features of alienation from educational activities. A sharp change in the educational format of educational activities and the educational environment led to a permanent experience of fears among students, anxiety about learning, dissatisfaction with the learning process, "slipping away" from learning, avoiding responsibility. In the context of prevention of alienation from educational activities, it is necessary for students to form the actual need for learning, to determine the semantic content of the content of academic disciplines, learning goals and values of participants in educational relations. One of the effective ways to overcome the alienation from the educational activities of students and their involvement in the educational process can be the systemically organized work of employees of educational organizations in the process of professional training of students both at the stage of adaptation to educational activities and in the future. In the conditions of digital transformation of education, all its participants need to adapt to the already established digital, information society, to information and communication technologies in order to actualize their personal and professional potential in order to fully engage in both educational and professional activities.
Socialization of students with disabilities in the conditions of a polycultural leisure environment
Authors: Rabadanova Raziyat , Fatyhova Alevtina , Balakina Natalia
Published: June 2022

He article discusses the process of socialization of students with disabilities and disabilities of the Salavat College of Education and Professional Technologies in the process of leisure activities. The article presents the results of a fundamental study that allows determining the conditions of socialization of students with disabilities through the organization of a multicultural and inclusive leisure environment. The study was conducted on the basis of the Resource Center for Socio-psychological and Pedagogical Support for the Disabled and Persons with Disabilities. In the conditions of the Resource Center, a rehabilitation environment is created that contributes to the formation of social, professional and personal competencies of students. It was attended by young people with a mild degree of mental retardation. The life and rehabilitation of children with disabilities often takes place in closed conditions, communication and interaction are limited, as a result, there is a violation of the process of socialization, children do not master social roles and are not realized in society. In the course of the study, it turned out that students with mental retardation have a low motivation for communicative activity, a limited circle of communication, a violation of the regulation of behavior, its stereotyping and rigidity, a tendency to create conflict situations. As part of the formative stage of the experiment, a cycle of social rehabilitation and cultural events aimed at increasing the social and creative activity of students with disabilities and disabilities was implemented. The practical significance of the study is to develop recommendations that teachers, speech therapists, psychologists can use in their professional activities
Personality factors and style of coping with stress in women and men
Authors: Antonów Karolina , Zdziarski Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

This article presents personality factors juxtaposed with coping styles among men and women aged 18 to 71 years. The first section describes the concept of personality, its components, and the definition of stress and coping styles. Personality traits were examined using the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory and coping styles were examined using the Coping with Stress Questionnaire (CISS). The study was conducted in a sample of 175 men and women, and data were collected using online methods. There was a positive correlation between task-focused style and extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. In contrast, between the emotion-focused style a very strong positive correlation was shown only with neuroticism. There are low or statistically insignificant correlations between avoidance-focused style and personality factors.
Nieznany diariusz Janiny Konarskiej. Początki francuskiego wychodźstwa Słonimskich (od 22 września do 7 listopada 1939 roku)
Authors: Budnik Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Prezentowany tekst stanowi drugą część edytorskiego opracowania niepublikowanego dotychczas diariusza Janiny Konarskiej, żony Antoniego Słonimskiego, zamieszczonego w „Sztuce Edycji” z 2021 roku (nr 2).  W tej części, zawierającej zapiski z okresu 22 września–7 listopada 1939 roku, Konarska opisała początki pary w stolicy Francji, próby odnalezienia się w nowym miejscu, a także kontakty z innymi wychodźcami z Polski, wśród których byli m.in. pisarze, ludzie kultury, politycy. Pierwsze dni w Paryżu to czas, w którym Słonimscy mogli odpocząć od wojennej zawieruchy (po opuszczeniu Polski musieli przedostawać się przez rumuńską, jugosłowiańską, włoską granicę), ale i okres, gdy pilnie śledzili doniesienia z Polski oraz innych części Europy, interesując się sytuacją na froncie. Mimo pozornie spokojniejszego czasu paryskie zapiski Konarskiej są nie mniej lapidarne, skrótowe i „rwane” niż wcześniejsze, pisane w ferworze ucieczki z kraju. Stanowią jednak cenny, oryginalny dokument z drugiej połowy 1939 roku.
Learning Zero-Sum Simultaneous-Move Markov Games Using Function Approximation and Correlated Equilibrium
Authors: Xie Qiaomin , Chen Yudong , Wang Zhaoran , Yang Zhuoran
Published: June 2022

We develop provably efficient reinforcement learning algorithms for two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. To incorporate function approximation, we consider a family of Markov games where the reward function and transition kernel possess a linear structure. Both the offline and online settings of the problems are considered. In the offline setting, we control both players and aim to find the Nash equilibrium by minimizing the duality gap. In the online setting, we control a single player playing against an arbitrary opponent and aim to minimize the regret. For both settings, we propose an optimistic variant of the least-squares minimax value iteration algorithm. We show that our algorithm is computationally efficient and provably achieves an [Formula: see text] upper bound on the duality gap and regret, where d is the linear dimension, H the horizon and T the total number of timesteps. Our results do not require additional assumptions on the sampling model. Our setting requires overcoming several new challenges that are absent in Markov decision processes or turn-based Markov games. In particular, to achieve optimism with simultaneous moves, we construct both upper and lower confidence bounds of the value function, and then compute the optimistic policy by solving a general-sum matrix game with these bounds as the payoff matrices. As finding the Nash equilibrium of a general-sum game is computationally hard, our algorithm instead solves for a coarse correlated equilibrium (CCE), which can be obtained efficiently. To our best knowledge, such a CCE-based scheme for optimism has not appeared in the literature and might be of interest in its own right.

Funding: Q. Xie is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CNS-1955997] and by J.P. Morgan. Y. Chen is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-1657420, CCF-1704828, and CCF-2047910]. Z. Wang acknowledges the National Science Foundation [Grants 2048075, 2008827, 2015568, and 1934931], the Simons Institute (Theory of Reinforcement Learning), Amazon, J.P. Morgan, and Two Sigma for their support.
Robust and Cost-Efficient Integrated Multiple Depot Vehicle and Crew Scheduling with Controlled Trip Shifting
Authors: Amberg Bastian , Amberg Boris
Published: June 2022

For vehicle and crew scheduling in public bus transport, two concepts are intensively studied to reduce resource usage and minimize operational costs: Integrated, that is, simultaneous scheduling of vehicles and drivers, and resource scheduling with simultaneous trip shifting, that is, slightly modifying departure and arrival times of particular trips without changing their duration. Applying these two concepts can lead to highly cost-efficient and tight schedules. Unfortunately, such schedules are more susceptible to delays during operations. Furthermore, shifting of particular trips may have an unwanted impact on the original timetable structure as, for example, headways between consecutive trips of a line might be changed. In this work, we develop an integrated vehicle and crew scheduling approach with the possibility to shift scheduled trips controllably within small defined time windows. It is a Lagrangian heuristic based on column generation. In addition to minimizing planned costs, the approach aims at two further objectives: building robust schedules by minimizing the expected overall propagation of delays through the transport network and minimizing timetable alteration. To reduce the possible propagation of delays, the mutual dependencies between vehicle and crew schedules are taken into account during integrated scheduling. To increase both robustness and cost-efficiency, the possibility to shift trips within small defined time windows is used. Robust and cost-efficient vehicle itineraries and crew duties are generated in the column-generation pricing problems. Computational experiments on data sets from the real world show that resource usage can be further reduced compared with pure cost-efficient integrated scheduling, whereas resource schedules remain robust and timetable alterations can be minimized.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1154 .
Matching an immersion medium’s refractive index to a cell’s cytosol isolates organelle scattering
Authors: Dunn Kaitlin J. , Elias Tresa M. , Brown Edward B. , Berger Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

Angularly-resolved light scattering has been proven to be an early detector of subtle changes in organelle size due to its sensitivity to scatterer size and refractive index contrast. However, for cells immersed in media with a refractive index close to 1.33, the cell itself acts as a larger scatterer and contributes its own angular signature. This whole-cell scattering, highly dependent on the cell’s shape and size, is challenging to distinguish from the desired organelle scattering signal. This degrades the accuracy with which organelle size information can be extracted from the angular scattering. To mitigate this effect, we manipulate the refractive index of the immersion medium by mixing it with a water-soluble, biocompatible, high-refractive-index liquid. This approach physically reduces the amount of whole-cell scattering by minimizing the refractive index contrast between the cytosol and the modified medium. We demonstrate this technique on live cells adherent on a coverslip, using Fourier transform light scattering to compute the angular scattering from complex field images. We show that scattering from the cell: media refractive index contrast contributes significant scattering at angles up to twenty degrees and that refractive index-matching reduces such low-angle scatter by factors of up to 4.5. This result indicates the potential of refractive index-matching for improving the estimates of organelle size distributions in single cells.
Depth-resolved visualization and automated quantification of hyperreflective foci on OCT scans using optical attenuation coefficients
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Jeremy , Laiginhas Rita , Zhang Qinqin , Cheng Yuxuan , Zhang Yi , Shi Yingying , Shen Mengxi , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: June 2022

An automated depth-resolved algorithm using optical attenuation coefficients (OACs) was developed to visualize, localize, and quantify hyperreflective foci (HRF) seen on OCT imaging that are associated with macular hyperpigmentation and represent an increased risk of disease progression in age related macular degeneration. To achieve this, we first transformed the OCT scans to linear representation, which were then contrasted by OACs. HRF were visualized and localized within the entire scan by differentiating HRF within the retina from HRF along the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The total pigment burden was quantified using the en face sum projection of an OAC slab between the inner limiting membrane (ILM) to Bruch’s membrane (BM). The manual total pigment burden measurements were also obtained by combining manual outlines of HRF in the B-scans with the total area of hypotransmission defects outlined on sub-RPE slabs, which was used as the reference to compare with those obtained from the automated algorithm. 6×6 mm swept-source OCT scans were collected from a total of 49 eyes from 42 patients with macular HRF. We demonstrate that the algorithm was able to automatically distinguish between HRF within the retina and HRF along the RPE. In 24 test eyes, the total pigment burden measurements by the automated algorithm were compared with measurements obtained from manual segmentations. A significant correlation was found between the total pigment area measurements from the automated and manual segmentations (P < 0.001). The proposed automated algorithm based on OACs should be useful in studying eye diseases involving HRF.
Optical interference effect in the hybrid quantum dots/two-dimensional materials: photoluminescence enhancement and modulation
Authors: Liang Xilong , Qin Chengbing , Qiao Zhixing , Kang Wenhui , Yin Hualong , Dong Shuai , Li Xiangdong , Wang Shen , Su Xingliang , Zhang Guofeng , Chen Ruiyun , Hu Jianyong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: June 2022

The optical interference effect originating from the multiple reflections between the two-dimensional (2D) materials and the substrates has been used to dramatically enhance their Raman signal. However, this effect in the hybrid structures of colloidal quantum dots (QD) coupled to 2D materials is always overlooked. Here we theoretically prove that the photoluminescence (PL) intensities of the QD films in the QD-2D hybrid structures can be strongly enhanced and modulated by the optical interference effect between QD and 2D interfaces, breaking the inherent standpoint that PL intensities of the QD films are always prominently quenched in these hybrid structures. The theoretical predictions have been well confirmed by experimental measurements of PL properties of CdSe/ZnS and CdSeTe/ZnS QD on different 2D materials (such as WSe2, MoS2, and h-BN). PL intensities of these QD films have been periodically modulated from almost disappearing to strong enhancement (with the enhancement of about 6 times). The optical interference effect uncovered in this work enables a powerful method to manipulate the PL property of the QD films in the different QD-2D hybrid structures. These results can boost the optical performance of the QD-based electronic and optoelectronic devices in the hybrid QD-2D structures.
Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of the Floyd-Steinberg-based fringe binary method with offset compensation for accurate 3D measurement
Authors: You Di , You ZhiSheng , Zhou Pei , Zhu JiangPing
Published: June 2022

Digital fringe projection (DFP) with defocused binary fringe patterns has the ability to overcome the projector nonlinearity and achieve a high-speed 3D measurement. The Floyd–Steinberg (FS) dithering technique is one of the most commonly adopted binary fringe coding methods due to its relatively high measurement accuracy. Nevertheless, we found that the FS binary fringe would cause a fixed error in the recovered phase, which is proven to be invariable for various defocusing levels and various phase-shift steps according to the analysis of the phase error based on noise model of phase-shifting profilometry. It means that FS binary fringe would have a certain offset in space, compared with standard sinusoidal fringe, which is verified to be essentially constant for different fringe pitches through simulation and experiment. This offset would distort the 3D geometry of the tested target for monocular systems relying on triangulation, which needs to be compensated to improve 3D measurement accuracy. Experiments are presented to demonstrate the enhanced 3D result after compensation.
Band-limited photodetection of temporal coherence
Authors: Chen Zijun , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: June 2022

The quantum theory of optical coherence plays a ubiquitous role in identifying optical emitters. An unequivocal identification, however, presumes that the photon number statistics is resolved from timing uncertainties. We demonstrate from first principle that the observed nth-order temporal coherence is a n-fold convolution of the instrument responses and the expected coherence. The consequence is detrimental in which the photon number statistics is masked from the unresolved coherence signatures. The experimental investigations are thus far consistent with the theory developed. We envision the present theory will mitigate the false identification of optical emitters and enlarge the coherence deconvolution to an arbitrary order.
Utilizing deep neural networks to extract non-linearity as entities in PAM visible light communication with noise
Authors: Lu Xingyu , Li Yuqiao , Chen Junjie , Xiao Yunpeng , Liu Yanbing
Published: June 2022

Herein, we propose a novel entity extraction neural network (EXNN) with a newly designed sampling convolution kernel approach and a deep learning-based structure to differentiate noise in visible light communication (VLC) systems. In particular, EXNN is used to extract linear and nonlinear distortion in a received signal as an entity and compensate for the signal by removing it. First, we designed a deep learning structure tailored for VLC systems, used experimentation to validate our algorithm’s usability, and determined an appropriate range for the hyper-parameters that govern the PAM-8 system. Second, we compared our approach with existing finite impulse response (FIR) linear and Volterra nonlinear compensation algorithms via experiments. Below the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold limit of 3.8×10−3, experimental results show that the use of the EXNN increased the operating range of the direct current (DC) bias and the voltage by ∼33.3% and by ∼50% under optimal conditions, respectively. Furthermore, under corresponding optimal power conditions, the proposed approach improved the Q factor of the VLC system by 0.36 and 1.57 dB compared with the aforementioned linear and nonlinear equalizers, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a deep learning operator has been custom-designed for the VLC system and we have named the completely redesigned network with this sampling convolution kernel operator as EXNN.
Polarized deep diffractive neural network for sorting, generation, multiplexing, and de-multiplexing of orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Ye Zhiyuan , Yin Jianhua , Lang Liying , Jiao Shuming
Published: June 2022

The multiplexing and de-multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are critical issues in optical communication. Optical diffractive neural networks have been introduced to perform sorting, generation, multiplexing, and de-multiplexing of OAM beams. However, conventional diffractive neural networks cannot handle OAM modes with a varying spatial distribution of polarization directions. Herein, we propose a polarized optical deep diffractive neural network that is designed based on the concept of dielectric rectangular micro-structure meta-material. Our proposed polarized optical diffractive neural network is optimized to sort, generate, multiplex, and de-multiplex polarized OAM beams. The simulation results show that our network framework can successfully sort 14 kinds of orthogonally polarized vortex beams and de-multiplex the hybrid OAM beams into Gauss beams at two, three, and four spatial positions, respectively. Six polarized OAM beams with identical total intensity and eight cylinder vector beams with different topology charges have also been sorted effectively. Additionally, results reveal that the network can generate hybrid OAM beams with high quality and multiplex two polarized linear beams into eight kinds of cylinder vector beams.
Observation and characterization of the high order modes in a six-mode fiber using an OFDR method
Authors: Xu Xiuxiu , Luo Mingming , Liu Jianfei , Gao Qing , Li Chao , Guo Huiyi , Liu Yan-ge , Ge Chunfeng
Published: June 2022

High order modes in a six-mode fiber are separately observed and characterized using an Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) method. Due to the difference in group refractive index between fundamental mode and the high order modes, Fresnel reflection peaks for each mode can be separated in beat frequency domain with their corresponding time delay. In the experiment, the fundamental mode and high order modes are excited in turn and observed at a 6.6 m six-mode fiber end, which agree with their beat frequency difference in theoretical simulation. The demonstration provides a flexible and feasible method for mode identification and characterization of all kinds of fibers.
High-energy, mid-IR, picosecond fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Wu Yudi , Liang Sijing , Fu Qiang , Bradley Thomas D. , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Xu Lin
Published: June 2022

A compact, mid-infrared (MIR), synchronously pumped, fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) is developed with tunable signal and idler wavelength ranges of 1472.0–1758.2 nm and 2559.1–3562.7 nm, respectively. A solid-core SMF-28 fiber and a hollow-core fiber (HCF) were used as the feedback fibers in order to compare the effect of their substantially different levels of nonlinearity. The OPO generates 1-MHz, 120-ps, MIR pulses with up to 1.50-µJ pulse energy and 11.7-kW peak power.
Few-cycle Yb laser source at 20 kHz using multidimensional solitary states in hollow-core fibers
Authors: Arias L. , Longa A. , Jargot G. , Pomerleau A. , Lassonde P. , Fan G. , Safaei R. , Corkum P. B. , Boschini F. , Ibrahim H. , Légaré F.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate ultrashort pulse compression from 300 fs down to 17 fs at a repetition rate of 20 kHz and 160-µJ output pulse energy (3.2 W of average power) using multidimensional solitary states (MDSS) in a 1-meter hollow-core fiber (HCF) filled with N2O. Under static pressure, thermal limitations at this repetition rate annihilate the MDSS with suppression of spectral broadening. The results obtained in differential pressure configuration mitigate thermal effects and significantly increase the range of repetition rate over which MDSS can be used to compress sub-picosecond laser pulses.
Cancellation of reference update-induced 1/f noise in a chirped-pulse DAS
Authors: Vidal-Moreno Pedro J. , Rochat Etienne , Fermoso Pablo , Fernández-Ruiz María R. , Martins Hugo , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Ocaña Manuel , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel
Published: June 2022

Distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) perform distributed and dynamic
strain or temperature change measurements by comparing a measured
time-domain trace with a previous fiber reference state. Large strain
or temperature fluctuations or laser frequency noise impose the need
to update such a reference, making it necessary to integrate the
short-term variation measurements if absolute strain or temperature
variations are to be obtained. This has the drawback of introducing a
1/f noise component, as noise is integrated with each cumulative
variation measurement, which is detrimental to the determination of
very slow processes (i.e., in the mHz frequency range or below). This
work analyzes the long-term stability of chirped-pulse phase-sensitive
optical time-domain reflectometry (CP-ΦOTDR) with multi-frequency
database demodulation (MFDD) to carry out “calibrated” measurements in
a DAS along an unmodified SMF. It is shown that, under the conditions
studied in this work, a “calibrated” chirped-pulse DAS (CP-DAS) with a
completely suppressed reference update-induced 1/f noise component is
achieved capable of making measurements over periods of more than 2
months with the same set of references, even when switching off the
interrogator during the measurement.
Mechanoluminescence from highly transparent ZGO:Cr spinel glass ceramics
Authors: Cao Jiangkun , Ding Yicong , Sajzew Roman , Sun Minghui , Langenhorst Falko , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: June 2022

Light emission in response to mechanical stimulation-termed mechanoluminescence (ML)-enables the optical detection and visualization of mechanical strain. In particular, materials with ML response in the transmission window of aqueous media or biological tissue enable in situ stress level monitoring, biophysical imaging or mechanically induced light delivery. However, most of today’s ML materials are polycrystalline ceramics or ceramic particle composites, which puts constraints on their bulk processability, material homogeneity and optical transparency. Here, we demonstrate ML from highly transparent glass ceramics comprising of a high-volume fraction of extraordinarily small Cr3+-doped ZnGa2O4 (ZGO) crystals embedded in a binary potassium germanate glass matrix. The ZGO phase is precipitated directly from the precursor glass by homogeneous nucleation in a narrow temperature window; entropic phase separation and a self-limited crystal growth rate yield a crystal number density above 1023 m-3. The residual glass matrix encapsulates these crystals in a dense, highly homogeneous material, whereby the microstructural stability and the extended supercooling range of the glass enable glass-like processing, for example, in the shapes of fiber, beads or microspheres.
Ultrafast laser nanostructuring in transparent materials for beam shaping and data storage [Invited]
Authors: Lei Yuhao , Wang Huijun , Shayeganrad Gholamreza , Kazansky Peter G.
Published: June 2022

We review recent progress in femtosecond laser anisotropic nanostructuring of transparent materials, including silica glass and thin films. With different writing parameters, oblate nanopores, single lamella-like structures and nanoripples are demonstrated, which can be used in geometric phase optical elements, space variant polarization converters and multiplexed optical data storage.
The origin of RNA interference: Adaptive or neutral evolution?
Authors: Torri Alessandro , Jaeger Johannes , Pradeu Thomas , Saleh Maria-Carla
Published: June 2022

The origin of RNA interference (RNAi) is usually explained by a defense-based hypothesis, in which RNAi evolved as a defense against transposable elements (TEs) and RNA viruses and was already present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). However, since RNA antisense regulation and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are ancient and widespread phenomena, the origin of defensive RNAi should have occurred in parallel with its regulative functions to avoid imbalances in gene regulation. Thus, we propose a neutral evolutionary hypothesis for the origin of RNAi in which qualitative system drift from a prokaryotic antisense RNA gene regulation mechanism leads to the formation of RNAi through constructive neutral evolution (CNE). We argue that RNAi was already present in the ancestor of LECA before the need for a new defense system arose and that its presence helped to shape eukaryotic genomic architecture and stability.
The essential Rhodobacter sphaeroides CenKR two-component system regulates cell division and envelope biosynthesis
Authors: Lakey Bryan D. , Myers Kevin S. , Alberge François , Mettert Erin L. , Kiley Patricia J. , Noguera Daniel R. , Donohue Timothy J.
Published: June 2022

Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) often function through the detection of an extracytoplasmic stimulus and the transduction of a signal by a transmembrane sensory histidine kinase. This kinase then initiates a series of reversible phosphorylation modifications to regulate the activity of a cognate, cytoplasmic response regulator as a transcription factor. Several TCSs have been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle dynamics, cell envelope integrity, or cell wall development inEscherichia coliand other well-studied Gram-negative model organisms. However, many α-proteobacteria lack homologs to these regulators, so an understanding of how α-proteobacteria orchestrate extracytoplasmic events is lacking. In this work we identify an essential TCS, CenKR (CellenvelopeKinase andRegulator), in the α-proteobacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroidesand show that modulation of its activity results in major morphological changes. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we dissect the requirements for the phosphotransfer event between CenK and CenR, use this information to manipulate the activity of this TCSin vivo, and identify genes that are directly and indirectly controlled by CenKR inRb.sphaeroides. Combining ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, we show that the CenKR TCS plays a direct role in maintenance of the cell envelope, regulates the expression of subunits of the Tol-Pal outer membrane division complex, and indirectly modulates the expression of peptidoglycan biosynthetic genes. CenKR represents the first TCS reported to directly control the expression of Tol-Pal machinery genes in Gram-negative bacteria, and we predict that homologs of this TCS serve a similar function in other closely related organisms. We propose thatRb.sphaeroidesgenes of unknown function that are directly regulated by CenKR play unknown roles in cell envelope biosynthesis, assembly, and/or remodeling in this and other α-proteobacteria.
The relative impact of interventions on sympatric Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A systematic review
Authors: Loeffel Melanie , Ross Amanda
Published: June 2022

Background

In areas with both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria, interventions can reduce the burden of both species but the impact may vary due to their different biology. Knowing the expected relative impact on the two species over time for vector- and drug-based interventions, and the factors affecting this, could help plan and evaluate intervention strategies.

Methods

For three interventions (treated bed nets (ITN), mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)), we identified studies providing information on the proportion of clinical illness and patent infections attributed to P. vivax over time using a literature search. The change in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax up to two years since implementation was estimated using logistic regression accounting for clustering with random effects. Potential factors (intervention type, coverage, relapse pattern, transmission intensity, seasonality, initial proportion of P. vivax and round of intervention) were assessed.

Results

In total there were 55 studies found that led to 72 series of time-points for clinical case data and 69 series for patent infection data. The main reason of study exclusion was insufficient information on interventions. There was considerable variation in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax over time by study and location for all of the interventions. Overall, there was an increase apart from MDA in the short-term. The potential factors could not be ruled in or out. Although not consistently significant, coverage, transmission intensity and relapse pattern are possible factors that explain some of the variation found.

Conclusion

While there are reports of an increase in the proportion of malaria due to P. vivax following interventions in the long-term, there was substantial variation for the shorter time-scales considered in this study (up to 24 months for IRS and ITN, and up to six months for MDA). The large variability points to the need for the monitoring of both species after an intervention. Studies should report intervention timing and characteristics to allow inclusion in systematic reviews.
Risk factor-based analysis of community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia: Microbiological distribution, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Hyun Hakjun , Song Joon Young , Yoon Jin Gu , Seong Hye , Noh Ji Yun , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo
Published: June 2022

Background

Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) lies in the intersection of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Although HCAP is excluded from the revised HAP guideline, reassessment for HCAP is needed considering its heterogeneous characteristics.

Methods

The microbiological distribution, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes in CAP, HCAP, and HAP were studied retrospectively. The susceptibility to standard CAP regimens (β-lactams plus macrolide or fluoroquinolone monotherapy) and rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections were evaluated in the CAP group and HCAP subgroups.

Results

In total, 933 cases were included (CAP, n = 557; HCAP, n = 264; HAP, n = 112). In the CAP and HCAP cases, Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.4% vs. 5.7%) and P. aeruginosa (9.2% vs. 18.6%) were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, 2.7%; methicillin-susceptible, 2.4%) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (20.5%) were the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in the HAP group, respectively. Higher susceptibility to levofloxacin was observed in CAP and HCAP isolates than that to β-lactam agents. However, levofloxacin non-susceptibility was significantly higher in long-term care facility (LTCF)-onset HCAP compared to community-onset HCAP (43.6% vs. 22.7%, P = 0.014).

Conclusion

HCAP showed higher rates of P. aeruginosa and MRSA infections than CAP. Empirical antipseudomonal therapy should be considered in the treatment of HCAP. Prior isolation of P. aeruginosa was the most important risk factor for P. aeruginosa infection.
Real-world data on vitamin D supplementation and its impacts in systemic lupus erythematosus: Cross-sectional analysis of a lupus registry of nationwide institutions (LUNA)
Authors: Hayashi Keigo , Sada Ken-Ei , Asano Yosuke , Katayama Yu , Ohashi Keiji , Morishita Michiko , Miyawaki Yoshia , Watanabe Haruki , Katsuyama Takayuki , Narazaki Mariko , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Yajima Nobuyuki , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Ohno Shigeru , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Ichinose Kunihiro , Sato Shuzo , Fujiwara Michio , Wada Jun
Published: June 2022

Background

Although vitamin D concentration is reportedly associated with the pathogenesis and pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), benefits of vitamin D supplementation in SLE patients have not been elucidated, to our knowledge. We investigated the clinical impacts of vitamin D supplementation in SLE.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from a lupus registry of nationwide institutions. We evaluated vitamin D supplementation status associated with disease-related Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) as a parameter of long-term disease activity control.

Results

Of the enrolled 870 patients (mean age: 45 years, mean disease duration: 153 months), 426 (49%) received vitamin D supplementation. Patients with vitamin D supplementation were younger (43.2 vs 47.5 years, P < 0.0001), received higher doses of prednisolone (7.6 vs 6.8 mg/day, P = 0.002), and showed higher estimated glomerular filtration rates (79.3 vs 75.3 mL/min/1.73m2, P = 0.02) than those without supplementation. Disease-related SDI (0.73 ± 1.12 vs 0.73 ± 1.10, P = 0.75), total SDI, and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) did not significantly differ between patients receiving and not receiving vitamin D supplementation. Even after excluding 136 patients who were highly recommended vitamin D supplementation (with age ≥ 75 years, history of bone fracture or avascular necrosis, denosumab use, and end-stage renal failure), disease-related SDI, total SDI, and SLEDAI did not significantly differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

Even with a possible Vitamin D deficiency and a high risk of bone fractures in SLE patients, only half of our cohort received its supplementation. The effect of vitamin D supplementation for disease activity control was not observed.
Helicobacter pylori pathogen inhibits cellular responses to oncogenic stress and apoptosis
Authors: Palrasu Manikandan , Zaika Elena , Paulrasu Kodisundaram , Caspa Gokulan Ravindran , Suarez Giovanni , Que Jianwen , El-Rifai Wael , Peek Richard M. , Garcia-Buitrago Monica , Zaika Alexander I.
Published: June 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen that infects approximately half of the world’s population. Infection with H. pylori can lead to diverse pathological conditions, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and cancer. The latter is the most severe consequence of H. pylori infection. According to epidemiological studies, gastric infection with H. pylori is the strongest known risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer (GC), which remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, it still remains to be poorly understood how host-microbe interactions result in cancer development in the human stomach. Here we focus on the H. pylori bacterial factors that affect the host ubiquitin proteasome system. We investigated E3 ubiquitin ligases SIVA1 and ULF that regulate p14ARF (p19ARF in mice) tumor suppressor. ARF plays a key role in regulation of the oncogenic stress response and is frequently inhibited during GC progression. Expression of ARF, SIVA1 and ULF proteins were investigated in gastroids, H. pylori-infected mice and human gastric tissues. The role of the H. pylori type IV secretion system was assessed using various H. pylori isogenic mutants. Our studies demonstrated that H. pylori infection results in induction of ULF, decrease in SIVA1 protein levels, and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of p14ARF tumor suppressor. Bacterial CagA protein was found to sequentially bind to SIVA1 and ULF proteins. This process is regulated by CagA protein phosphorylation at the EPIYA motifs. Downregulation of ARF protein leads to inhibition of cellular apoptosis and oncogenic stress response that may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
Beyond documentary: Alanis Obomsawin’s cinematic worldview
Authors: Doyle Caitlyn
Published: June 2022

This article reads Alanis Obomsawin’s short film When All the Leaves are Gone as a privileged site for understanding the aesthetic politics at stake in her cinematic worldview. Departing from both the conventions of documentary film as well as the filmmaker’s own established style, the aesthetic logic of this short film models a more profound antagonism between the settler and Indigenous worldviews than her work is conventionally understood to embrace.
La selva tropical y los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda. Percepciones de una comunidad maya del sur de Yucatán, México
Authors: Hurtado-Torres María Camila , Montañez-Escalante Patricia Irene , Jiménez-Osornio Juan José
Published: June 2022

Las comunidades humanas tienen una estrecha relación con los ecosistemas que las rodean, de ellos obtienen beneficios tangibles como insumos y alimentos, e intangibles como la tranquilidad y seguridad de sentirse protegidos. Conocer y registrar historias, entornos y percepciones de quienes manejan los recursos, favorece la elaboración de planes de gestión que satisfagan las necesidades comunitarias y conserven los ecosistemas. Este trabajo analiza las percepciones de los habitantes de una comunidad maya en relación con los servicios ecosistémicos que la selva circundante les brinda. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en 41 hogares y se realizaron talleres participativos con ocho informantes clave. Se elaboró una línea de tiempo, mapas de recursos presentes y futuros, y se registró la percepción de los servicios ecosistémicos. Eventos como la conformación de grupos de trabajo y participación en convocatorias gubernamentales han marcado positivamente la vida de los pobladores. Los servicios materiales obtuvieron la mayor valoración. También fueron relevantes los servicios no materiales como el paisaje y la estética. Reconocen que la selva es un espacio que les brinda refugio, paz, tranquilidad y recursos para su subsistencia, por ello la conservación de sus elementos es eje fundamental en cualquier estrategia de manejo que propongan.
A LEGIO II ADIVTRIX centurióinak karrierjei
Authors: Berecz Gábor
Published: June 2022

This paper will compare the epigraphic evidence of the centurions from the pannonian legio II adiutrix with those of the centurions of the legio VI victrix from Britain. The research will consider the seemingly similar amounts of epigraphic evidence from both legions, with particular consideration to the approximately equal time spent by both legions in their own garrisons, in Aquincum and in Eburacum, as well as the geographical factors. Whilst there has been much research into the legio II adiutrix, little has been documented with regard to the centurions’ careers. This paper will summarise the military history of both legions and emphasize the differences between them, specifically the promotions and transfers of the centurions that occurred within their careers.
Az 1989-es líbiai MiG „incidens”
Authors: Lengyel Ádám
Published: June 2022

On January 4, 1989, a brief skirmish took place over the Mediterranean Sea between two US Navy F-14 Tomcats and two Libyan-operated MiG-23 “Flogger” fighter aircraft. The Navy pilots shot down both MiGs. The American press reacted violently, and the Pentagon had to go defensive and forced to explain. In my study I will examine what happened that day and why the press reacted in that way. To my study I use the lead F-14’s gun camera footage and onboard audio records supplemented with the contemporary press documentation of the incident and the following political events.
Environmental deterioration and development styles: the case of the northeast and the southeast regions of Brazil
Authors: Gramkow Camila
Published: June 2022

This paper work aims to contribute to the debate on the relations between environmental deterioration and development in Latin-American countries. It is argued that to the development style a country presents a pattern of environmental deterioration is corresponded. Two sources of environmental deterioration closely linked to the characteristics of the development style of most Latin-American countries were identified in ECLAC's literature: structural heterogeneity and the type of international insertion. Two regions were selected which present substantive differences in these two aspects: the Northeast (with a high degree of structural heterogeneity and international insertion highly dependent upon natural resources intensive goods) and the Southeast (with inverse characteristics) of Brazil. The indicators chosen were those proposed by the 7th Millennium Development Goal. In general, the results corroborate the expectations of this approach, signaling to the importance of the advancement of the understanding of environmental issues in the ambit of the development debate.
Relación entre penetración financiera y crecimiento económico. El caso colombiano en el periodo 2001-2010
Authors: Zanello Lorenzo , Padilla Harold
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo analiza los efectos del desarrollo del sistema financiero sobre el crecimiento económico colombiano a nivel departamental, mediante la metodología de datos de panel, para el periodo 2001–2010. La dinámica financiera durante la época estuvo asociada a la crisis de finales de los noventa, la reestructuración del sistema y la adopción de medidas que desincentivaron la intermediación financiera. Contrario a la literatura, los resultados arrojan una relación negativa entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento económico. Estos resultan coherentes con el desempeño de un sistema financiero que no cumplió con la función de movilizar los depósitos hacia inversión productiva, lo cual demuestra que la relación entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento económico no siempre es positiva.
STABILITY OF FACTORIZATION FACTORS OF THE CANONICAL FACTORIZATION OF WIENER–HOPF MATRIX FUNCTIONS
Authors:   South Ural State University (national research university), Adukova N.V. , Dilman V.L. ,   South Ural State University (national research university)
Published: June 2022

The problem of Wiener–Hopf factorization of matrix functions is one of the most demanded problems of mathematical analysis. However, its application is constrained by the fact that at the present time, there are no methods for constructively constructing factorization in the general case. In addition, the problem is far and by unstable, that is, a small perturbation of the original matrix function can lead to a change in the integer invariants of the problem (partial indices), and the factorization factors of the original and perturbed matrix functions may not be close. This means that the dependence of factors on perturbation is not continuous. The situation is complicated by the fact that factorization factors are found in a non-unique way, and therefore, before comparing factorizations, they need to be normalized. This problem is also not solved in the general case. In the well-known theorem of M.A. Shubin, the normalization problem is bypassed in the following way: it is proved that if the original and perturbed matrix functions have the same sets of partial indices, then their factorizations with close factorization factors exist. It is clear that in this case it is impossible to assess the degree of their proximity efficiently. In the proposed work, the theorem of M.A. Shubin is refined for the case when the original matrix function admits a canonical factorization. In this case, it is indicated how the canonical factorizations of two sufficiently close matrix functions should be normalized so that their factorization factors are also close enough. The main result of the work is to obtain explicit estimates, in terms of factorization of the original matrix function, for the absolute error in the approximate calculation of factors. The estimates are obtained by using the Toeplitz operator technique.