bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Emotional Response in Social Communication: The Role of Neuromarketing
Authors: Zito Margherita , Fici Alessandro , Bilucaglia Marco , Ambrogetti Francesco S. , Russo Vincenzo
Published: June 2021

Social advertising is designed to have an impact on the behavior of the target audience to improve the welfare of both the individuals and the society. The challenge for social marketing is to respond to the exchange process in a social perspective, considering that non-profit actions are perceived as intangible since they deal with services. As donations, the neuroscience applied to consumer behavior is an added value since it offers elements explaining the reactions of the individuals to emotional contents. Understanding the emotions in the moment in which they are felt allows to understand the experimentation of a message by individuals and to understand the possibility that the message can change the behavior of the target audience. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the Unicef bequest campaign in terms of emotional response, comparing different creative proposals to optimize communication, applying neuromarketing tools to the social area. The experiment involved 70 participants (35 males; 35 females; mean age 68.94 years) and compared two different spots and flyers. The progeny factor was introduced to assess the different impacts of bequests depending on the presence or absence of potential heirs. The neuromarketing tools such as electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance (SC), and eye-tracker were used for instrumentation purposes. Analysis of the two spots showed statistically significant differences in both the Approach–Withdrawal Index (AWI), for the cognitive involvement, and the SC, the emotional activation indicator, particularly for those not having children (target audience) and in a specific spot that linked the possibility to live after death. The detection of the emotional responses through neuromarketing tools, associated with the non-profit communication, resulted particularly effective and verified an increment of 35% of the donations. Analyses performed with neuromarketing techniques allowed to understand both emotional intensity and cognitive involvement and to understand the best solution, according to the target audience and the aim of Unicef.
Young Children’s Inductive Inferences Within Animals Are Affected by Whether Animals Are Presented Anthropomorphically in Films
Authors: Tarłowski Andrzej , Rybska Eliza
Published: June 2021

Children are exposed to anthropomorphized animals in a variety of contexts. The literature that analyzes this phenomenon suggests that exposure to anthropomorphic media may strengthen children’s anthropocentric representation of animals. There is an as yet unexplored difference between anthropomorphized and realistic depictions of multiple animal species presented simultaneously in films. The anthropomorphized animals all behave like humans, so they are more behaviorally similar to one another than animals depicted realistically. We asked whether witnessing multiple species depicted anthropomorphically or realistically influences the way 5-year-old children perceive internal commonalities among animals. One group of children (n= 37) watched a cartoon presenting multiple species of anthropomorphized animals, the other group (n= 38) watched a nature documentary that also presented multiple species. Both groups extended a novel internal feature from an animal to a variety of items including diverse animal species. Children watching a cartoon made significantly stronger projections to non-human animals than children watching the documentary. Children’s projections to humans and inanimate objects did not differ between the groups and were uniformly low. One of the possible explanations of the results is in terms of children’s essentialist expectation that behavior is caused by internal properties.
Relative Deprivation and Game Addiction in Left-Behind Children: A Moderated Mediation
Authors: Yang Banglin , Cai Ge , Xiong Cancan , Huang Jin
Published: June 2021

Previous findings show that relative deprivation has a profound influence on game addiction, but the potential mediating and moderating mechanisms are unclear, especially for left-behind children. The present study therefore examined the relationship between relative deprivation and game addiction, the mediating effect of deviant peer affiliation, and the moderating effect of beliefs about adversity in a sample of left-behind children. A total of 952 left-behind children (mean age = 13.67 years,SD= 1.34) participated in this study. The participants anonymously completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Relative Deprivation Scale, the Deviant Peer Affiliation Scale, the Beliefs about Adversity Scale, the Game Addiction Scale, and demographic variables. After controlling for gender, left-behind category, and socioeconomic status, the moderated mediation model showed that (a) relative deprivation significantly and positively predicted game addiction in left-behind children; (b) The mediation analysis showed that the positive association between relative deprivation and game addiction in left-behind children was mediated by deviant peer affiliation; (c) Beliefs about adversity moderated the association between relative deprivation and deviant peer affiliation and were weaker for left-behind children with higher levels of beliefs about adversity, consistent with the risk-buffering model, but the relationship between relative deprivation and game addiction was stronger for left-behind children with higher levels of beliefs about adversity, consistent with the reverse risk-buffering model. These findings have crucial implications for the prevention and intervention of game addiction in left-behind children.
Prospect of in vitro Bile Fluids Collection in Improving Cell-Based Assay of Liver Function
Authors: Rizki-Safitri Astia , Tokito Fumiya , Nishikawa Masaki , Tanaka Minoru , Maeda Kazuya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Sakai Yasuyuki
Published: June 2021

The liver plays a pivotal role in the clearance of drugs. Reliable assays for liver function are crucial for various metabolism investigation, including toxicity, disease, and pre-clinical testing for drug development. Bile is an aqueous secretion of a functioning liver. Analyses of bile are used to explain drug clearance and related effects and are thus important for toxicology and pharmacokinetic research. Bile fluids collection is extensively performed in vivo, whereas this process is rarely reproduced as in the in vitro studies. The key to success is the technology involved, which needs to satisfy multiple criteria. To ensure the accuracy of subsequent chemical analyses, certain amounts of bile are needed. Additionally, non-invasive and continuous collections are preferable in view of cell culture. In this review, we summarize recent progress and limitations in the field. We highlight attempts to develop advanced liver cultures for bile fluids collection, including methods to stimulate the secretion of bile in vitro. With these strategies, researchers have used a variety of cell sources, extracellular matrix proteins, and growth factors to investigate different cell-culture environments, including three-dimensional spheroids, cocultures, and microfluidic devices. Effective combinations of expertise and technology have the potential to overcome these obstacles to achieve reliable in vitro bile assay systems.
Design and Experimental Validation of a Fuzzy Cascade Controller for a Zero-Power Permanent Magnetic Suspension System with Variable Flux Path Control
Authors: Zhao Haining , Zhou Ran , Guo Yongquan , Jin Junjie , Yu Shenbo , Sun Feng
Published: June 2021

Magnetic suspension technology has been a promising method to achieve contactless movement, and its advantages are smooth motion, no wear, no noise and low maintenance. In previous studies, the suspension force was mainly controlled by the current in the coils, which can lead to energy loss. To solve the problem of energy loss, we have proposed a novel zero-power permanent magnetic suspension system with variable flux path control (ZPPMSS-VFPC); moreover, the interference suppression and response of the ZPPMSS-VFPC need to be further investigated. This paper aims to improve the robustness and decrease the response time for the ZPPMSS-VFPC; as a result, a fuzzy cascade controller composed of a fuzzy controller and a cascade controller is designed and applied, in which the investigated fuzzy cascade control methods include the position loop fuzzy cascade control (PLFCC) and angle loop fuzzy cascade control (ALFCC). The structure and the working principle of the proposed ZPPMSS-VFPC are introduced, and the theoretical modeling and the fuzzy cascade controller design of the system are exhibited. An experimental setup is established to validate the simulation results and to investigate the control effect of the designed controller. The experimental results demonstrate that the response times of the fuzzy cascade controller at the displacement disturbance and the force disturbance are 0.5 s and 0.6 s faster than those of the cascade control, respectively. Furthermore, the control effect of the PLFCC is better than that of the ALFCC. Overall, the fuzzy cascade controller not only has the characteristics of strong adaptability but also has the characteristics of easy adjustment parameters, which can be applied to the complex magnetic suspension system.
Design of the Electronic Engine Control Unit Performance Test System of Aircraft
Authors: Kho Seonghee , Park Hyunbum
Published: June 2021

In this study, a real-time engine model and a test bench were developed to verify the performance of the EECU (electronic engine control unit) of a turbofan engine. The target engine is a DGEN 380 developed by the Price Induction company. The functional verification of the test bench was carried out using the developed test bench. An interface and interworking test between the test bench and the developed EECU was carried out. After establishing the verification test environments, the startup phase control logic of the developed EECU was verified using the real-time engine model which modeled the startup phase test data with SIMULINK. Finally, it was confirmed that the developed EECU can be used as a real-time engine model for the starting section of performance verification.
Research Progress and Development of Mechanized Potato Planters: A Review
Authors: Zheng Zhiqi , Zhao Hongbo , Liu Zhengdao , He Jin , Liu Wenzheng
Published: June 2021

Potato is one of the most important crops in the world to ensure food security for the world’s fast-growing population. Mechanized planting is crucial for improving production and per unit area yield of potato. To meet the agronomic requirements of potato planting, various types of potato planters have been developed according to the existing differences in geographical environment, cropping system, farm scale, and economic status among different countries and regions. This paper summarizes the research progress and application status of potato planters all over the world. Specifically, the seed-metering devices of potato planters are classified firstly. Then, potato planters are classified into three types: potato planters for manual/animal, two-wheel tractor, and four-wheel/crawler tractor traction. Furthermore, the characteristics of some typical commercial potato planters are discussed. Finally, some suggestions are proposed in order to promote the development of potato planters.
Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress
Authors: Heidari Parviz , Reza Amerian Mohammad , Barcaccia Gianni
Published: June 2021

Low temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the effects of low, nonfreezing temperature (10 °C for three days) on the hormone content, antioxidant activity, and expression patterns of cold-related genes in the leaves of cold-tolerant species (Solanum habrochaites Accession ‘LA1777′) and cold-susceptible species (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) were investigated. Low temperature increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content in both tomato species, while the content of zeatin-type cytokinins (ZT) increased in the cold-tolerant species. However, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) reduced in response to low temperature in susceptible species. Accordingly, cytokinin (CK) is identified as an important hormone associated with low-temperature stress in tomato. In addition, our results indicate that the C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1 (CBF1) gene is less induced in response to low temperature in tomato, although transcription of the inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) gene was upregulated under low temperature in both tomato species. It seems that ICE1 may modulate cold-regulated (COR) genes in a CBF-independent way. In addition, in response to low temperature, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and membrane stability index (MSI) increased in the susceptible species, indicating that low temperature induces oxidative stress. Additionally, we found that glutathione peroxidase is highly involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging induced by low temperature, and antioxidants are more induced in tolerant species. Overall, our results suggest that sub-optimal temperatures promote oxidative stress in tomato and CK is introduced as a factor related to the response to low temperature that requires deeper attention in future breeding programs of tomato.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Dental Practitioners Regarding Antibiotic Prescriptions for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Aragoneses Javier , Suárez Ana , Rodríguez Cinthia , Algar Juan , Aragoneses Juan Manuel
Published: June 2021

In this study, we aimed to explore the trends among dentists in the Dominican Republic of providing antibiotic prescriptions to pregnant/breastfeeding dental patients. A survey was conducted among 98 dentists, using a self-administered questionnaire, about their knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic usage in pregnant/lactating women and the translation of these into practice. The majority of the survey population were female dentists (63.3%) aged 45–54 years. A chi-square test showed statistically significant differences in the knowledge sources between older and younger dentists, with a minority having chosen scientific literature as a source (p-value of 0.04). There were statistically significant associations between gender and certain attitudes and practice-based questions, with p-values of 0.04 and 0.01, respectively. The Spearman’s correlation test showed a statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (p-value 0.001), whereas no correlation was found with practice (p-value 0.23). A multiple response analysis showed that the majority of the respondents chose the second and third trimester for antibiotic prescriptions for acute conditions such as cellulitis, periodontal abscess, and pericoronitis. Most dentists had sufficient knowledge about antibiotic usage in pregnant/lactating women, but it did not translate into practice, and a certain proportion of the participants followed incongruent drug prescription. These findings can be used to focus on judicious antibiotic usage by dentists in the Dominican Republic.
NTRC Effects on Non-Photochemical Quenching Depends on PGR5
Authors: Naranjo Belen , Penzler Jan-Ferdinand , Rühle Thilo , Leister Dario
Published: June 2021

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from the detrimental effects of excess light. NPQ is rapidly induced by the trans-thylakoid proton gradient during photosynthesis, which in turn requires PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF). Thus, Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking either protein cannot induce transient NPQ and die under fluctuating light conditions. Conversely, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is required for efficient energy utilization and plant growth, and in its absence, transient and steady-state NPQ is drastically increased. How NTRC influences NPQ and functionally interacts with CEF is unclear. Therefore, we generated the A. thaliana line pgr5 ntrc, and found that the inactivation of PGR5 suppresses the high transient and steady-state NPQ and impaired growth phenotypes observed in the ntrc mutant under short-day conditions. This implies that NTRC negatively influences PGR5 activity and, accordingly, the lack of NTRC is associated with decreased levels of PGR5, possibly pointing to a mechanism to restrict upregulation of PGR5 activity in the absence of NTRC. When exposed to high light intensities, pgr5 ntrc plants display extremely impaired photosynthesis and growth, indicating additive effects of lack of both proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that the interplay between NTRC and PGR5 is relevant for photoprotection and that NTRC might regulate PGR5 activity.
Aqueous Extract of Pepino Leaves Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Lipotoxicity via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis
Authors: Hsu Jen-Ying , Lin Hui-Hsuan , Chyau Charng-Cherng , Wang Zhi-Hong , Chen Jing-Hsien
Published: June 2021

Saturated fatty acid is one of the important nutrients, but contributes to lipotoxicity in the liver, causing hepatic steatosis. Aqueous pepino leaf extract (AEPL) in the previous study revealed alleviated liver lipid accumulation in metabolic syndrome mice. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of AEPL on saturated long-chain fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the phytochemical composition of AEPL was identified in the present study. HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used for exploring the effect of AEPL on lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ER stress, and antioxidant response. The chemical composition of AEPL was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. AEPL treatment reduced PA-induced ROS production and lipid accumulation. Further molecular results revealed that AEPL restored cytochrome c in mitochondria and decreased caspase 3 activity to cease apoptosis. In addition, AEPL in PA-stressed HepG2 cells significantly reduced the ER stress and suppressed SREBP-1 activation for decreasing lipogenesis. For defending PA-induced oxidative stress, AEPL promoted Nrf2 expression and its target genes, SOD1 and GPX3, expressions. The present study suggested that AEPL protected from PA-induced lipotoxicity through reducing ER stress, increasing antioxidant ability, and inhibiting apoptosis. The efficacy of AEPL on lipotoxicity was probably concerned with kaempferol and isorhamnetin derived compounds.
Antioxidant Resveratrol Increases Lipolytic and Reduces Lipogenic Gene Expression under In Vitro Heat Stress Conditions in Dedifferentiated Adipocyte-Derived Progeny Cells from Dairy Cows
Authors: Kra Gitit , Daddam Jayasimha Rayalu , Gabay Hadar , Yosefi Sara , Zachut Maya
Published: June 2021

Heat stress (HS) induces oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to have antioxidant properties by reducing ROS. Hence, we aimed to examine the effects of RSV, HS and their interaction on bovine adipocytes. We generated bovine dedifferentiated adipocyte-derived progeny (DFAT) cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue and examined the effects of RSV (100 µM), heat conditions: isothermal (ISO-37 °C), short heat (SH-41.2 °C for 1 h) and long HS (LH-41.2 °C for 16 h), and their interaction on gene expression in DFAT-cells. In medium of DFAT-cells treated with RSV, malondialdehyde levels were reduced and oxygen-radical absorbance-capacity levels were increased compared to control. Treating DFAT-cells with RSV increased the relative mRNA expression of stress-induced-phosphoprotein-1 (STIP1) and the expression of hormone-sensitive-lipase (LIPE) and perilipin-1 (PLIN1), whereas it reduced the expressions of fatty-acid-synthase (FASN) and of pro-inflammatory chemotactic-C-C-motif-chemokine-ligand-2 (CCL2) also under HS. Moreover, reduced protein abundance of FASN was found in RSV-treated DFAT-cells compared to controls. Molecular docking of RSV with FASN confirmed its possible binding to FASN active site. This work demonstrates that RSV has an antioxidant effect on bovine DFAT cells and may induce adipose lipolysis and reduce lipogenesis also under in vitro HS conditions.
Transit and Metabolic Pathways of Quercetin in Tubular Cells: Involvement of Its Antioxidant Properties in the Kidney
Authors: Muñoz-Reyes Daniel , Morales Ana I. , Prieto Marta
Published: June 2021

Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it has been postulated as a molecule with great therapeutic potential. The renoprotective capacity of quercetin against various toxins that produce oxidative stress, in both in vivo and in vitro models, has been shown. However, it is not clear whether quercetin itself or any of its metabolites are responsible for the protective effects on the kidney. Although the pharmacokinetics of quercetin have been widely studied and the complexity of its transit throughout the body is well known, the metabolic processes that occur in the kidney are less known. Because of that, the objective of this review was to delve into the molecular and cellular events triggered by quercetin and/or its metabolites in the tubular cells, which could explain some of the protective properties of this flavonoid against oxidative stress produced by toxin administration. Thus, the following are analyzed: (1) the transit of quercetin to the kidney; (2) the uptake mechanisms of quercetin and its metabolites from plasma to the tubular cells; (3) the metabolic processes triggered in those cells, which affect the accumulation of metabolites in the intracellular space; and (4) the efflux mechanisms of these compounds and their subsequent elimination through urine. Finally, it is discussed whether those processes that are mediated in the tubular cells and that give rise to different metabolites are related to the antioxidant and renoprotective properties observed after the administration of quercetin.
Modulation of EndMT by Hydrogen Sulfide in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Fibrosis
Authors: Testai Lara , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Flori Lorenzo , Montanaro Rosangela , Calderone Vincenzo
Published: June 2021

Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been described as a fundamental process during embryogenesis; however, it can occur also in adult age, underlying pathological events, including fibrosis. Indeed, during EndMT, the endothelial cells lose their specific markers, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, expressing specific products, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen; moreover, the integrity of the endothelium is disrupted, and cells show a migratory, invasive and proliferative phenotype. Several stimuli can trigger this transition, but transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) is considered the most relevant. EndMT can proceed in a canonical smad-dependent or non-canonical smad-independent manner and ultimately regulate gene expression of pro-fibrotic machinery. These events lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis at the vascular level as well as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Indeed, EndMT is the mechanism which promotes the progression of cardiovascular disorders following hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and also ageing. In this scenario, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been widely described for its preventive properties, but its role in EndMT is poorly investigated. This review is focused on the evaluation of the putative role of H2S in the EndMT process.
Stress Analysis with Dimensions of Valence and Arousal in the Wild
Authors: Tran Thi-Dung , Kim Junghee , Ho Ngoc-Huynh , Yang Hyung-Jeong , Pant Sudarshan , Kim Soo-Hyung , Lee Guee-Sang
Published: June 2021

In the field of stress recognition, the majority of research has conducted experiments on datasets collected from controlled environments with limited stressors. As these datasets cannot represent real-world scenarios, stress identification and analysis are difficult. There is a dire need for reliable, large datasets that are specifically acquired for stress emotion with varying degrees of expression for this task. In this paper, we introduced a dataset for Stress Analysis with Dimensions of Valence and Arousal of Korean Movie in Wild (SADVAW), which includes video clips with diversity in facial expressions from different Korean movies. The SADVAW dataset contains continuous dimensions of valence and arousal. We presented a detailed statistical analysis of the dataset. We also analyzed the correlation between stress and continuous dimensions. Moreover, using the SADVAW dataset, we trained a deep learning-based model for stress recognition.
A Preliminary Study on Effects of Fermented Feed Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers during the Early and Late Fattening Period
Authors: Kim Dahye , Jung Jeong-Sung , Choi Ki-Choon
Published: June 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of formulated feed (IRG: Italian ryegrass, WCC: whole crop corn, and fermented feed) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods. Twelve Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment (n = 6/group). The control group received rice straw with concentrate; the Treatment group received formulated feed for 13 months. Results revealed that formulated feed supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased effects on dry matter (DM) intake, body weight, average daily gain, and carcass yield than control feed. Hanwoo steers fed formulated feed showed higher meat quality, carcass yield, and ribeye area than steers fed control feed. However, meat quality characteristics (such as cooking loss, fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, and crude fat), sensory characteristics, and pH values were similar between the two groups (all p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in FA compositions of steers between the two groups (p > 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hanwoo steers with formulated feed can improve their growth efficacy, carcass yield, and meat quality characteristics during early and late fattening periods. Regarding an economic strategy, our research findings suggest that formulated feed is effective and profitable for feeding Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods without causing adverse effects.
From Field Archaeology to Virtual Reconstruction: A Five Steps Method Using the Extended Matrix
Authors: Demetrescu Emanuel , Ferdani Daniele
Published: June 2021

This article is framed into the theoretical and methodological background of virtual archaeology. The advantages of virtual archaeology and its weak points have long been discussed in academia, formulating theoretical foundations and principles to be followed in order to guarantee scientific results, where data are traceable, transparent and verifiable. Gathering the inheritance of the last 30 years of debates and research, this work proposes implementing these principles through the formulation of a methodological approach, to virtual reconstruction of archaeological contexts, consisting of an application protocol articulated in five steps. In particular, the proposed methodology is grounded in the Extended Matrix (EM), a formal language and tools entirely developed and tested by the Virtual Heritage lab of the CNR ISPC. The EM takes its cue from the Matrix of Harris and adapts its system to the specific needs arising in the fields of virtual reconstruction and scientific visualisation. This protocol, which ranges from fieldwork to the publication of scientific data, has been tested and systematised in over ten years of activity on various complex and significant archaeological contexts. In the article, each methodological step is supported by case studies described in detail and accompanied by a graphic apparatus that clearly illustrates the results obtained. These case studies led to the definition of version 1.2 of the EM as described in the methods section.
B-Fredholm Spectra of Drazin Invertible Operators and Applications
Authors: Aponte Elvis , Macías Jhixon , Sanabria José , Soto José
Published: June 2021

In this article, we consider Drazin invertible operators for study of the relationship between their B-Fredholm spectra and the transfer between some of the spectral properties defined through B-Fredholm spectra of this class of operators. Among other results, we investigate the transfer of generalized a-Weyl’s theorem from T to their Drazin inverse S, if it exists.
Physico-Chemical and Sensory Characterization of a Fruit Beer Obtained with the Addition of Cv. Lambrusco Grapes Must
Authors: Castro Marin Antonio , Baris Federico , Romanini Elia , Lambri Milena , Montevecchi Giuseppe , Chinnici Fabio
Published: June 2021

In 2015, Italian Grape Ale (IGA) beers have been included as a new provisional sub-category of special-type fruit beers by the Beer Judge Certification Program, including those products whose brewing process is carried out in presence of determined quantities of grape must. However, information on the effects of these additions on the composition of final beers are still scarce. This work is hence focused on the chromatic, volatile, phenolic and sensory characterization of IGA beers obtained with the addition of grape musts during brewing process. To this aim, different amounts of must (5, 10 and 20%) from cv. Lambrusco red grapes were added to a lager wort before primary fermentation. Beers were then characterized by HPLC-MS, GC-MS and sensory analysis in order to determine phenolic and aroma compounds along with their sensory attributes. Results confirmed the addition of must from cv. Lambrusco grapes capable to enrich beers in color, acids, phenolic (up to 7-folded increased) and volatile compounds, while giving complexity to beers. These results, which were confirmed by a trained sensory panel, are among the very first insights on the impact of red grape must in brewing, both from a compositional and sensory point of view.
Regenerative Strategies in Cleft Palate: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Francisco Inês , Paula Anabela Baptista , Oliveiros Bárbara , Fernandes Maria Helena , Carrilho Eunice , Marto Carlos Miguel , Vale Francisco
Published: June 2021

(1) Background: Alveolar bone defects or decreased alveolar bone height and width may have different causes, such as cleft palate. Regenerative procedures in oro-dental defects are challenging due to anatomical factors and the distinct cell populations involved. The iliac crest bone graft remains the gold-standard for cleft palate closure. However, tissue regeneration approaches have been employed and their outcome reviewed, but no conclusions have been made about which one is the gold-standard. (2) Methods: this umbrella review aims to critically appraise the effectiveness of the current approaches in bone defects regeneration in non-syndromic patients with cleft palate. A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. (3) Results: Systematic reviews of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with or without meta-analysis were included. Nine articles were included in the qualitative analysis and five in the quantitative one. The included studies quality was evaluated with AMSTAR2. (4) Conclusions: The use of new regenerative strategies, such as bone morphogenic protein 2, appears to provide similar results regarding bone volume, filling, and height to the standard technique with the iliac crest bone graft.
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: López-Cuenca Inés , de Hoz Rosa , Alcántara-Rey Celia , Salobrar-García Elena , Elvira-Hurtado Lorena , Fernández-Albarral José A. , Barabash Ana , Ramírez-Toraño Federico , de Frutos-Lucas Jaisalmer , Salazar Juan J. , Ramírez Ana I. , Ramírez José M.
Published: June 2021

A family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using OCT-angiography and compared the results with ApoE gene expression, AD FH+, and the presence or absence of hard drusen (HD) in 184 cognitively healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness was statistically significantly different in the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD+) group compared with (i) both the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD−) and the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD+) groups in the superior and inferior points at 1500 μm, and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group in the superior point at 1500 μm. There were statistically significant differences in the superficial FAZ between the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group and (i) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD−) group and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD−) group. In conclusion, ocular vascular changes are not yet evident in participants with a genetic risk of developing AD.
Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 Has a Preventive Effect on the Acceleration of Colonic Permeability and M1 Macrophage Population in Maternally Separated Rats
Authors: Wang Xuan , Fukui Hirokazu , Ran Ying , Xu Xin , Ebisutani Nobuhiko , Nakanishi Takashi , Tanaka Yoshiki , Maeda Ayako , Makizaki Yutaka , Tomita Toshihiko , Oshima Tadayuki , Miwa Hiroto
Published: June 2021

Although probiotics may be useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear how probiotics play a role in colonic mucosal integrity and immunity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on colonic mucosal integrity and macrophage behavior in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) as a model of IBS. MS pups were individually separated from their mother rats, and a proportion of the MS rats were orally administered BBG9-1. The colonic mucosal permeability was evaluated by Ussing chamber assay. The expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines and the population of CD80-positive cells was examined in the colonic tissues by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Caco2 cells were stimulated with cytokines and the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) was measured. MS rats showed significantly higher colonic permeability and lower claudin 4 expression in the colonic epithelium relative to controls. The number of CD80-positive macrophages was significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of MS rats, accompanied by the increase of IL-6 and IFN-γ expression. BBG9-1 treatment ameliorated the increase of M1 macrophage and IL-6/IFN-γ expression in the colonic tissue of MS rats. Simultaneously, BBG9-1 treatment improved the enhanced mucosal permeability and the decreased claudin 4 expression in the colon of MS rats. IL-6 and IFN-γ, whose expression is enhanced in the colon of MS rats, significantly decreased TEER in Caco2 cells in vitro. Probiotic BBG9-1 has a preventive effect on the acceleration of colonic permeability and M1 macrophage population in maternally separated rats.
Effect of an Aluminosilicate Disperse Additive on Behaviors of Autoclave Silicate Materials
Authors: Nelubova Viktoriya , Strokova Valeria , Fediuk Roman , Amran Mugahed , Vatin Nikolai , Vasilev Yuriy
Published: June 2021

In this research, a phase formation in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–H2O binding system under hydrothermal conditions was studied. The novelty of this article lies in the quantitative full-profile X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used to determine kinetics of mineral formation in the binder system “lime–granite mineral modifier (GMM)”. The formation of a polymineral system is described in detail, as well as quantitative relationships between mineral composition of newly formed phases and the binding mixture ratios were determined. Phenomenological model of mineral formation in a “lime–GMM” system under hydrothermal conditions was proposed. The results obtained allow the demonstration of this binding system as a binder that is characterized by superposition of hydration and geopolymerization. The properties (strength, density, water absorption, porosity) of compressed autoclave-hardened materials with the addition of a granite modifier introduced instead of part of the sand as an aggregate have been studied. The maximum increase in strength (more than 50%) is observed at a modifier content of 15%. This is due to the formation of a rational composition of neoplasms, the compaction of the structure of the pressed products and the optimization of their pore space, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the method of gas adsorption.
Businesses—Open Access Journal on Business
Authors: Johnson Lester W.
Published: June 2021

It is our pleasure to inaugurate the new open access journal, Businesses (ISSN 2673-7116) [...]
Pragmatic Approach toward Catalytic CO Emission Mitigation in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units
Authors: Vjunov Aleksei , Kharas Karl C. , Komvokis Vasileios , Dundee Amy , Zhang Claire C. , Yilmaz Bilge
Published: June 2021

The need to mitigate the environmental footprints of refineries in a sustainable and economical way is widely accepted, yet there appears to be a lack of a unilateral pragmatic approach towards CO oxidation to CO2 among the refining community. In this work we share CO promoter design strategies that can afford a tangible and immediate CO conversion efficiency increase without a need for additional precious metal loading. The key focus is on the support material architecture that is essential to boost the CO conversion and reduce the NOx generation in the FCC unit. It was demonstrated that the suppression of Pt sintering as well as the enhancement of the oxygen mobility on the catalyst surface can afford an ~40% lower cost of Pt and ~20% lower usage rate compared to current industry-standard designs.
Early Deaths after Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Pediatric Patients: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Kopyta Ilona , Cebula Agnieszka , Sarecka-Hujar Beata
Published: June 2021

In developed countries, cerebrovascular diseases are among the 10 most common causes of death in both the pediatric and adult population. The prevalence of fatal outcomes following arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in various groups of pediatric patients ranges from 1% to almost 32%. However, a constant improvement in stroke mortality among children has been observed. The extent of the decline differs among studies (from nearly tenfold to twofold decline), as it depends on the study population. While a portion of this variability might be explained by factors such as health care access, population age, diseases related to ethnicity, and different etiologies of stroke in studied populations, the understanding of such differences is still insufficient. Risk factors for death in the early stages of the disease are poorly understood and are usually based on the clinical presentations of relatively small groups of pediatric patients. Familiarity with these factors may be of significant importance for prognosis, but also for the early selection of patients requiring careful supervision. The present study aimed to analyze and discuss the current literature data on the incidence of early death and risk factors for early death in children suffering from stroke.
Leveraging Grief: Involving Bereaved Parents in Pediatric Palliative Oncology Program Planning and Development
Authors: Spraker-Perlman Holly , Aglio Taylor , Kaye Erica , Levine Deena , Barnett Brittany , Berry Carter Kathryn , McNeil Michael , Clark Lisa , Baker Justin ,   the St. Jude Quality of Life Steering Council
Published: June 2021

As pediatric palliative care (PPC) became a recognized medical specialty, our developing clinical PPC team longitudinally partnered with bereaved parents to understand the care that their children received as they transitioned towards end of life. Families developed Eight Priorities, shared within, to improve care for children with a poor chance of survival based on their experience of losing a child to cancer. In this paper, we delineate the top eight PPC needs from a parent perspective to offer multi-layered, individually tailored resources for patients and families. One of these Eight Priorities noted that bereavement care for the remaining family members is vital for healing after the death of a child to promote meaning making and resilience in bereaved families. Here, we outline the creation of a bereaved parent-designed bereavement support program as one example of how we have partnered with parents to fulfill their Eight Priorities for quality care.
A Rare Cause of Drug-Induced Pancytopenia: Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Pancytopenia
Authors: Sawalha Khalid , Sobash Philip T. , Kamoga Gilbert-Roy
Published: June 2021

Pancytopenia is a decrease across cellular hematological lines. Many different etiologies can cause this clinical picture including viral and bacterial infections, chemicals, malignancy, and medications. Particular attention should be paid to the onset, timing, and severity as they can indicate the underlying cause. In cases of iatrogenic-induced pancytopenia, the offending agent should be stopped immediately and the patient should be monitored for recovery of cell lines. While not well reported in the literature, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a cause of pancytopenia. We present a case of drug-induced pancytopenia secondary to TMP-SMX that resolved quickly with cessation of use.
Impact of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in the Expression of Type I Collagen in the Dermis
Authors: Biskanaki Foteini , Rallis Efstathios , Skouras George , Stofas Anastasios , Thymara Eirini , Kavantzas Nikolaos , Lazaris Andreas C. , Kefala Vasiliki
Published: June 2021

Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the dominant environmental determinant of all major forms of skin cancer, and the main cause of prematurely aged skin that is referred to as photoaging. Collagen type I (COL I) is expressed differently along with the dermis between healthy and pathological skin tissues. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of solar radiation in the dermis and assess the impact of solar radiation to COL I. The hematoxylin and eosin staining protocol was performed in tissue paraffin blocks and then they were stained immunohistochemically with the rabbit monoclonal anti-COL I antibody. A total of 270 slides were studied with an Olympus BX 41 microscope; we scored positively the expression of COL I in dermis and statistically analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics. Based on our results, we observed that solar elastosis changes the structure of the skin’s collagen. In healthy tissues, COL I had a uniform expression along with the dermis. In tissues with aging, COL I expression was weaker and lost homogeneity. In pathological tissues (non-melanoma skin cancers, NMSCs), precancerous lesions, and benign skin lesions), the expression of COL I was observed to be almost weaker than tissues with aging in all body parts and much weaker below the lesions. The most severe solar elastosis was observed in the extremities. The degree of severity of the solar elastosis in relation to age did not appear to be completely affected. Solar radiation divides the collagen more rapidly than normal biological aging and solar elastosis was observed into the skin tissues with photoaging, which replaces the collagen fibers of the skin. These results confirm previous studies, which have shown that skin COL I decreases during aging, more in photoaging and even more in skin cancers. We conclude that skin COL I expression is reduced as a result of ultraviolet radiation and leading to negative impacts on the skin.
A Large-Scale Dataset of Barley, Maize and Sorghum Variety Identification Using DNA Fingerprinting in Ethiopia
Authors: Kosmowski Frederic , Ambel Alemayehu , Tsegay Asmelash , Negawo Alemayehu , Carling Jason , Kilian Andrzej ,   The Central Statistics Agency
Published: June 2021

The data described in this paper were part of a large-scale nationally representative household survey, the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (ESS 2018/19). Grain samples of barley, maize and sorghum were collected in six regions in Ethiopia. Variety identification was assessed by matching samples to a reference library composed of released improved materials, using approximately 50,000 markers from DArTseq platforms. This data were part of a study documenting the reach of CGIAR-related germplasms in Ethiopia. These objective measures of crop varietal adoption, unique in the public domain, can be analyzed along with a large set of variables related to agro-ecologies, household characteristics and plot management practices, available in the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey 2018/19.
Screen-Printed Graphene/Carbon Electrodes on Paper Substrates as Impedance Sensors for Detection of Coronavirus in Nasopharyngeal Fluid Samples
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Khan Safyan Akram , Rehman Abdul
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global pandemic, which has resulted in more than one million deaths with tens of millions reported cases, requires a fast, accurate, and portable testing mechanism operable in the field environment. Electrochemical sensors, based on paper substrates with portable electrochemical devices, can prove an excellent alternative in mitigating the economic and public health effects of the disease. Herein, we present an impedance biosensor for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizing the IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. This label-free platform utilizing screen-printed electrodes works on the principle of redox reaction impedance of a probe and can detect antigen spikes directly in nasopharyngeal fluid as well as virus samples collected in the universal transport medium (UTM). High conductivity graphene/carbon ink is used for this purpose so as to have a small background impedance that leads to a wider dynamic range of detection. Antibody immobilization onto the electrode surface was conducted through a chemical entity or a biological entity to see their effect; where a biological immobilization can enhance the antibody loading and thereby the sensitivity. In both cases, we were able to have a very low limit of quantification (i.e., 0.25 fg/mL), however, the linear range was 3 orders of magnitude wider for the biological entity-based immobilization. The specificity of the sensor was also tested against high concentrations of H1N1 flu antigens with no appreciable response. The most optimized sensors are used to identify negative and positive COVID-19 samples with great accuracy and precision.