bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Plastic Scintillator Based on an Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter 9‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylphenyl)‐3,6‐dioctyl‐9H‐carbazole for Pulse Shape Discrimination Measurement
Authors: Chen Tianheng , Yu Hao , Wen Xianfei , Redding Caleb , Hajagos Tibor Jacob , Zhao Hongxiang , Hayward Jason P. , Yang Chuluo , Pei Qibing
Published: January 2021

Pulse shape discrimination (PSD)‐capable plastic scintillator is in demand for the detection of high‐energy neutrons in the presence of gamma radiation background. Conventional PSD plastics are based on delayed fluorescent dye via triplet–triplet annihilation of a fluorescent dye additive, which is inefficient to harvest the energy of triplet excitons. In recent years, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have gained substantial success in organic light‐emitting diodes due to their efficient utilization of the energy of triplet excitons and thereby achieving theoretical unity internal quantum efficiencies. Herein, a highly efficient TADF dye 9‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylphenyl)‐3,6‐dioctyl‐9H‐carbazole is reported for the PSD application. This TADF dye may be loaded up to 30 wt% in polyvinyltoluene matrix and still retains high optical transparency. High scintillation light yield and PSD figures of merit are obtained from the TADF plastic. With the introduction of a secondary dye to further increase the utilization efficiency of the excitation energy, the light yield is increased to 6948 photons MeV−1. The measured alpha/gamma PSD figure of merit is 1.12 at the energy threshold of 100 keVee and neutron/gamma PSD figure of merit is 1.32 at the threshold of 1000 keVee.
In‐Plane and Out‐of‐Plane Optical Properties of Monolayer, Few‐Layer, and Thin‐Film MoS2 from 190 to 1700 nm and Their Application in Photonic Device Design
Authors: Islam Kazi M. , Synowicki Ron , Ismael Timothy , Oguntoye Isaac , Grinalds Nathan , Escarra Matthew D.
Published: January 2021

Monolayer, few‐layer, and thin‐film MoS2 is synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and thermal vapor sulfurization (TVS) methods. The complex refractive index of these samples is assessed using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) measurements over a broad spectral range between 190 and 1700 nm. The ellipsometry data are sensitive to birefringence effects in the thickest thin‐film sample. These birefringence effects are investigated, and an analysis method is developed to extract the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane optical properties. The complex refractive index is then used to calculate reflectance, transmittance, and absorption of the MoS2 films using the transfer‐matrix method (TMM) and is matched with experimentally measured transmittance of the same samples. The modeled results show that the monolayer, few‐layer, and thin‐film MoS2 absorbs 7.4%, 12.6%, and 32.4% of the incident light, respectively, between 300 and 700 nm. When normalized to per unit‐thickness absorption, they absorb 12.1%, 5.9%, and 1.1% nm−1, respectively, clearly showing superior light–matter interaction in the monolayer and few‐layer films. These new complex refractive index data are further used to design optical coatings for these films to either confine absorption in a narrow bandwidth for photodetector applications or enhance broadband absorption for photovoltaic applications.
Recent Developments in Remote Meta‐C−H Bond Functionalizations
Authors: Ali Rashid , Siddiqui Rafia
Published: January 2021

In the past decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the developments of novel methods for the activation/functionalization of inert C−H bonds as these protocols are not only competent, reduce the waste materials in addition to the reaction time and multiple steps but also allows the reaction to be carried out in a highly regio‐specific manner under operationally simple yet effective reaction conditions. Although, in recent years, a remarkable progress has been made in the field of ortho‐and para‐C−H bonds functionalization but to our best knowledge, the distal meta‐C−H activation/functionalization is still infancy and is yet to be explore to the advanced level. Hence, we feel that there is an urgent need to aware the research community about where the field of meta‐C−H functionalization stand at present and where it might be going in near future. To this context, we strive to compile the significant achievements made in the selective meta‐C−H bonds functionalization since 2018 to till date. More interestingly, we have also displayed an overview of the earlier reports related to the meta‐C−H activation/functionalization at the beginning of this particular manuscript, and hopefully the present review article will open diverse opportunities for the advancement of both academia as well as industry.

magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Induced Three‐Component Intermolecular Trifluoromethyl‐Alkenylation Reactions of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Guo Yuan‐Qiang , Wang Kaihua , Wang Ruiguo , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: January 2021

Herein, we describe a practical protocol for efficient, mild, visible‐light‐induced three‐component intermolecular trifluoromethyl‐alkenylation reactions of unactivated alkenes. The protocol has good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope. Using this protocol, we not only introduced a trifluoromethyl group into alkenes but also converted unactivated alkenes to styrene‐based activated alkenes, in addition to accomplishing late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical intermediates.

magnified image
A Highly Stable Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Polymer for Chemiresistive Sensors
Authors: Ngai Jenner H. L. , Gao Xiguang , Kumar Pankaj , Polena John , Li Yuning
Published: January 2021

A novel donor–acceptor (D‐A) conjugated polymer, poly[bis(2‐ethylhexyl)3‐(3′′,4′‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐[2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)‐1,4‐dioxo‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐2,5(1H,4H)‐dicarboxylate] (PDEB), comprising an electron‐accepting carbamate side‐chain bearing thiophene‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTh) and an electron‐donating 3,3′‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐2,2′‐bithiophene (C12‐BTO) is synthesized. The carbamate side‐chains in this polymer can be thermally removed at a moderate temperature, forming an insoluble polymer poly[3‐(3″,4′‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐[2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione] (PDNB) with high solvent resistance. PDNB has a high highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −4.68 eV and a narrow band gap of 1.05 eV, which makes it dopable by HCl to form a stable conductive polymer PDNB:HCl with moderate conductivity of 0.24 S cm–1. A chemiresistive sensor based on PDNB:HCl can distinguish ten common volatile organic liquids with unique current–time profiles under a low operation voltage of 1 V. Importantly, a single sensor can be used many times and remain functional over a long period of time in air, indicating its extraordinary operational and environmental stability. The results demonstrate that PDNB is a promising material for reusable chemiresistive sensors.
Luminescence Behavior and Acceptor Effects of Ambipolar Polymeric Electret on Photorecoverable Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory
Authors: Ke Chun‐Yao , Chen Mei‐Nung , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Liou Guey‐Sheng
Published: January 2021

Photorecovery systems are considered to be a potential technology in photosensor, green energy‐saving, and high‐speed communication applications (light‐fidelity). However, the role of photoactive‐electret and semiconductor in the photorecovery system is still unintelligible. Herein, triphenylamine (TPA)‐based donor–acceptor polymers are designed as electrets with more effective excitons dissociation for organic field‐effect transistor memory equipped with photosensitive and photorecoverable response. By modifying TPA‐derived conjugated polymers with various electron‐withdrawing groups (PTPA‐CN, PTPA‐CNBr, and PTPA‐3CN), the obtained PTPAs induce disparate luminescent behaviors in the aggregated state. PTPA‐CN and PTPA‐CNBr exhibit aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) featuring the energy dissipation of partial photoexcited excitons through radiation, while PTPA‐3CN turns to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) behavior leading considerable number of nonemissive excitons which can directly recombine with charged medium, an electret containing trapped charges. Pentacene‐based transistor devices incorporated with studied photoactive electrets are constructed for mechanism investigation. The results demonstrate that photorecovery response ability of ACQ‐polymer displays much faster than that of AIE‐polymers, PTPA‐CN, and PTPA‐CNBr, upon UV light irradiation, attributing to the intensely electron‐withdrawing ability of acceptor attached on the conjugated skeleton. The ACQ‐electret device behaves superior memory switching performance with reliable endurance characteristics under the cycling stress of electrical‐programming and optical‐erasing operations, demonstrating the feasibility for organic optoelectronic applications.
Gate‐Tunable Negative Differential Resistance in Next‐Generation Ge Nanodevices and their Performance Metrics
Authors: Böckle Raphael , Sistani Masiar , Eysin Kilian , Bartmann Maximilian G. , Luong Minh Anh , den Hertog Martien I. , Lugstein Alois , Weber Walter M.
Published: January 2021

In the quest to push the contemporary scientific boundaries in nanoelectronics, Ge is considered a key building block extending device performances, delivering enhanced functionalities. In this work, a quasi‐1D monocrystalline and monolithic Al–Ge–Al nanowire heterostructure are embedded into a novel field‐effect transistor architecture capable of combining Ge based electronics with an electrostatically tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) distinctly observable at room temperature. In this regard, a detailed study of the key metrics of NDR in Ge is presented. Most notably, a highly efficient and low‐footprint platform is demonstrated, paving the way for potential applications such as fast switching multi‐valued logic devices, static memory cells, or high‐frequency oscillators, all implemented in one fully complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible Al‐Ge based device platform.
Achieving Broadband Spin‐Correlated Asymmetric Reflection Using a Circular Dichroitic Meta‐Mirror
Authors: Wang He , Li Yongfeng , Huang Lingling , Jing Yao , Yuan Qi , Wang Jiafu , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo
Published: January 2021

Guiding electromagnetic waves carrying spin angular momentum is an important issue in both optical and microwave communities that thus has intrigued enormous interest in the past few decades. In particular, asymmetrical propagation is seriously considered as a possibility to push the development of encryption communication and electromagnetic circulators, which is a hot area but still a challenge. Circular dichroism, referring to differential absorption of distinct polarization states, provides an alternative scheme to achieve asymmetric propagation in a spin‐correlated way. Here, a paradigm of obtaining broadband asymmetric reflection to push the exploration in this aspect is proposed. With this aim, an N‐shaped resonator loaded with two lumped resistors is designed as a meta‐atom to reveal the amplitude flipping of nearly 0 and 1 for distinct polarization states. Combining with Pancharatnam–Berry phases, the arbitrary phase profile of a designated spin state can be achieved. As a proof‐of‐principle, a robust meta‐mirror is fabricated to acquire broadband electromagnetic focusing under the illumination of left‐handed circularly polarized (LHCP) wave. On the other hand, the reflection of right‐handed circularly polarized (RHCP) wave is substantially suppressed. Both numerical simulation and experimental measurement are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this system.
Fabrication of Core‐Shell Nanocolloids with Various Core Sizes to Promote Light Capture for Green Fuels
Authors: Ren Yuanfu , Liu Guoqiang , Zhu Ting
Published: January 2021

Core‐shell nanocolloids with tailored physical and chemical merits hold attractive potential for energy‐related applications. Herein, core‐shell nanocolloids composed of zinc/copper sulfide (ZnS/CuSx) shells and silica (SiO2) cores were fabricated by a template‐engaged synthetic method. Interestingly, the sizes of SiO2 cores can be tuned by different sulfurization time. In virtue of the light scattering and reflection on the SiO2 surface, the efficiencies of light capture by ZnS/Cu2S shells were highly dependent on the SiO2 sizes. The as‐fabricated SiO2@ZnS/Cu2S with a core size of 205 nm exhibited the highest and broadest absorption within a light wavelength of 380–700 nm. In virtue of the structural and componential features of these nanocolloids, maximum photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production rates of 2968 and 1824 μmol h−1 g−1 under UV‐vis and visible light have been delivered, respectively. This work may provide some evidence for the design and fabrication of core‐shell nanomaterials to convert solar energy to green fuels.
A novel cooperative searching architecture for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicles under restricted communication
Authors: Ran Huanhuan , Sun Liang , Cheng Shu , Ma Yunfeng , Yan Shan , Meng Shunkai , Shi Kaibo , Wen Shiping
Published: January 2021

Searching for a distinguishable lost target in a bounded area automatically with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a fundamental problem in the theory of physical search. This paper studies the problem in detail, presents a new and more realistic Bayesian formula representing the problem by taking communication capability of UAVs into consideration, and focuses on the case of applying a team of multiple cooperative UAVs in the field for the search, where each UAV can autonomously search the area for the target using Bayesian filtering algorithm. The perturbation of the searching performance by the different prior belief probability distribution functions is investigated. Empirical evidence findings illustrate that our approach yields improved accuracy.
Simulated X‐ray emission in galaxy clusters with feedback from active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kar Chowdhury Rudrani , Roy Soumya , Chatterjee Suchetana , Khandai Nishikanta , Sarazin Craig L. , Di Matteo Tiziana
Published: January 2021

To investigate the effect of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) on their surrounding medium, we study the diffuse X‐ray emission from galaxy groups and clusters by coupling the Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code (APEC) with the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation involving AGN feedback. We construct a statistical sample of synthetic Chandra X‐ray photon maps to observationally characterize the effect of AGN on the ambient medium. We show that AGN are effective in displacing the hot X‐ray emitting gas from the centers of groups and clusters, and that these signatures remain evident in observations of the X‐ray surface brightness profiles.
Verbinder aus Kunstharzpressholz – Versuche mit ersten Prototypen für Traglasten bis 500 kN
Authors: Aurand Simon , Blaß Hans Joachim
Published: January 2021

Systemverbinder für Holz‐Holz‐Verbindungen von Nebenträgern an Hauptträger sind zweiteilige Verbinder aus Metall, deren Vorteil sich u. a. im hohen Vorfertigungsgrad auszeichnet. Für die Entwicklung von neuartigen Haupt‐Nebenträger‐Systemverbindern aus Kunstharzpressholz wurden verschiedene Oberflächenbehandlungen untersucht und die jeweiligen Reibbeiwerte zwischen Verbinder und Holz ermittelt. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurden in Vorversuchen Verbindungen mit geneigten Schrauben untersucht. Dabei wurden sowohl die Anordnung als auch die Anzahl und Länge der Schrauben systematisch variiert. Überprüft wurden dabei mögliches Blockscherversagen ganzer Schraubengruppen als auch die wirksame Verbindungsmittelanzahl. Das Prüfprogramm umfasste Versuche mit Lasten in drei Hauptrichtungen für verschiedene Prototypen. Zu Beginn wurden Verbinder für eine Tragfähigkeit in Einschubrichtung von 180 kN geprüft, daraufhin Schwerlastverbinder für Traglasten bis 500 kN. Aus den Versuchen resultierten neue Erkenntnisse für die Bemessung solcher Verbindungen. Das ursprünglich vorgeschlagene Rechenmodell wurde sukzessive angepasst und eine auftretende Moment‐Normalkraft‐Interaktion in den Schrauben berücksichtigt. Mit einem mittleren Verhältnis aus Versuchsergebnis zu rechnerischer Schätzlast von 1,05 trifft das angepasste Modell die Tragfähigkeit sehr gut. Im direkten Vergleich der charakteristischen Tragfähigkeiten der Prototypen mit handelsüblichen Verbindern schneiden diese sehr gut ab und übertreffen z. T. Verbinder aus Aluminium.
Lung abscess as a complication of COVID‐19 infection, a case report
Authors: Zamani Nazanin , Aloosh Oldooz , Ahsant Samane , Yassin Zeynab , Abkhoo Aminreza , Riahi Taghi
Published: January 2021

To our knowledge, no previous studies have reported lung abscess as a complication of COVID‐19 infection. It is essential to follow‐up with the patients after discharge for such complications, especially if they are symptomatic.
Atypical osteomalacia mimicking radiological features of spondyloarthritis: Never judge a book by its cover
Authors: Maatallah Kaouther , Ben Nessib Dorra , Riahi Hend , Ferjani Hanen , Hamdi Ons , Kaffel Dhia , Hamdi Wafa
Published: January 2021

Longstanding osteomalacia, by its proliferative enthesopathic changes, may mimic the advanced features of SpA. Despite the typical radiological findings, the lack of response to anti‐TNF should encourage clinicians to reconsider the diagnosis.
Primary omental torsion in a pediatric patient
Authors: Javidi Ali , Niazkar Hamid Reza , Jalili Jelveh , Haji Vosugh Negin
Published: January 2021

Omental infarction although infrequent should be considered as a possible cause of acute abdomen precisely in those with negative appendectomy.
An adult case with absence of left pulmonary artery and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Asadian Sanaz , Saedi Sedigheh , Jahanshahi Bahareh , Hosseini Leila , Rezaeian Nahid
Published: January 2021

Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disorder that can remain asymptomatic until adulthood. Absence of left pulmonary artery (ALPA) has been reported in one‐third of these patients. We are the first to introduce an adult case of ALPA associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Combined Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and C−H Functionalization for Facile Synthesis of Non‐Biaryl‐Atropisomer‐Type Axially Chiral Organosilanes
Authors: Li Zhao , Wang Xu , Cui Yu‐Ming , Ma Jun‐Han , Fang Li‐Lei , Han Lu‐Lu , Yang Qin , Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: January 2021

Although asymmetric C−H functionalization has been available for the synthesis of structurally diverse molecules, catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) approaches to change racemic stereogenic axes remain synthetic challenges in this field. Here, a concise palladium‐catalyzed DKR was combined with C−H functionalization involving olefination and alkynylation for the highly efficient synthesis of non‐biaryl‐atropisomer‐type (NBA) axially chiral oragnosilanes. The chemistry proceeded through two different and distinct DKR: first, an atroposelective C−H olefination or alkynylation produced axially chiral vinylsilanes or alkynylsilanes as a new family of non‐biaryl atropisomers (NBA), and second, the extension of this DKR strategy to twofold o,o′‐C−H functionalization led to the multifunctional axially chiral organosilicon compounds with up to >99 % ee.
Photothermal Polymers in Near Infrared Window
Authors: He Yonglin , Liao Shenglong , Wang Yapei
Published: January 2021

Near infrared (NIR) light occupies a significant proportion in solar energy, and it also exhibits high penetration depth in biological tissue owing to its low absorption by pigments and water. Hence, the effective utilization of NIR light is a matter of great significance for energy and biomedical applications. However, the low energy of NIR photons routinely fails to initiate effective photochemical reactions or photoelectric conversion. As an attractive alternative to exciton separation, photothermal conversion ranks as the most efficient approach to use NIR light in the pathways of non‐irradiative emission. Based on our efforts in the investigation of photothermal materials and their related applications, this article highlights the factors of light harvesting and photothermal materials in regard to their benefits in improving light use efficiency particularly in NIR window. Several thermally dependent applications which are established on photothermal conversion are exemplified, such as NIR‐triggered polymer annealing, control of catalytic reactions, and NIR light detection.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

I would like to choose the concept of green electronics based on ionic liquids, which is an intriguing substitute to traditional solid semiconductors for reducing electronic waste.

How do you supervise your students?

I put more concerns to the younger students at the beginning of their research career, while leaving free space to senior students. My group is a highly interdisciplinary team, so I allow students to choose their research interests depending on their background.

What are your hobbies?

I like playing basketball. I always believe that alternate work with sports can enable us to get more with less effort.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

To be honest, it is hard to balance these two issues. Yet, research with

great interests will be always in the first place and this choice has been fully understood and supported by my wife as she is also doing a similar job with me.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

Specifically for my academic life, I would say Prof. Xi Zhang and Prof. Joseph DeSimone, who are my PhD supervisor and Postdoc supervisor, respectively, influence me very much. Prof. Xi Zhang taught me the way to enjoy scientific research and Prof. Joseph DeSimone let me know the attractive possibility of transforming fundamental research to industrial applications.

Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?

Keep confidence as you are doing now. This representative Chinese journal is believed to arouse greater global impact if more activities like public recommendation and control of paper quality are taken into account.
Evaluation of pelvic washing specimens in patients with endometrial cancer: Cytomorphological features, diagnostic agreement, and pathologist experience
Authors: Davis Richard C. , Broadwater Gloria , Foo Wen‐Chi , Jones Claudia K. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Bean Sarah M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Pelvic washings for patients with endometrial cancer is recommended but not used for staging. The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS) has standardized diagnostic categories, but the criteria remain incomplete. The 3 primary goals of this study were to 1) investigate features that distinguish atypical/indeterminate from malignant specimens, 2) measure the level of agreement between chart and reviewer diagnoses, and 3) determine whether the number of years in practice had an effect on the diagnoses rendered.

Methods

Pelvic washings and surgical pathology specimens for 52 patients with a chart diagnosis of atypical/indeterminate, suspicious, or malignant cytology and 52 age‐matched controls with a negative chart diagnosis were included, reviewed blindly by 2 cytopathologists, and assigned a study diagnosis. Morphologic features were assessed. Agreement between original chart diagnoses and reviewer diagnoses were assessed as well as effect of years in practice.

Results

The overall cellularity in cell block (CB) slides for the malignant category was significantly increased compared with the atypical/indeterminate category (P < .0001). In addition, the number of atypical groups in ThinPrep for malignant washings was significantly increased compared with the atypical category (P < .001) and the negative and suspicious categories (P < .0001) in the CB. Overall agreement between the original and adjudicated diagnoses was high (γ = 0.983). There was no significant difference between diagnoses rendered and years in practice.

Conclusion

The overall cellularity and number of atypical cells can be used to distinguish between malignant and atypical pelvic washing specimens. There is high reproducibility in the diagnostic categories and high agreement among pathologists, regardless of practice experience. These findings can help refine the criteria for TIS.
Modeling, simulation, and case analysis of COVID‐19 over network public opinion formation with individual internal factors and external information characteristics
Authors: Chen Tinggui , Peng Lijuan , Yang Jianjun , Cong Guodong
Published: January 2021

With the development of information technology, the Internet has become an important channel of public opinion for expressing public interests, emotion, and ideas. Public emergency usually spreads via network. Due to the temporal and spatial flexibility and the information amplification of network, the opinions from different regions and background are easy to be represented as network public opinion, and have important impact on social and economic life. Thus, studying the formation mechanism of network public opinion has important theoretical and practical significance. Taking the formation process of network public opinion under emergencies as the research object, this paper first identifies the key factors influencing the formation of network public opinion, namely the internal characteristics (include individual education level, individual stubbornness, individual initial opinion, and so on) and external information of individuals (include external information intensity). Second, information intensity is introduced to describe the influence of external information feature on the formation of network public opinion. Individual education level, individual stubbornness, and individual initial opinion are analyzed to describe the influence of individual internal factors on the formation, and then its model is constructed. Through the simulation experiments, this paper analyzes the influence of external information intensity, individual education level, individual stubbornness, individual initial opinion, and other factors on the formation of network public opinion. The simulation results show that: (1) the greater intensity of public emergency reporting causes the easier formation of network public opinion; (2) the higher individual education level leads to the shorter time for completing the final formation and stable state of online public opinions, and after the formation of online public opinions, the opinion of the event is mainly neutral; (3) the greater individual's stubbornness makes the shorter formation time of online public opinion. When online public opinion reaches a stable state, the neutral opinion group dominates and firmly controls the development trend of public opinion; (4) the difference of opinions among individuals is the most important factor affecting the formation of network public opinion. Finally, the rationality and validity of the proposed model are verified by a real case. Compared with previous studies on the formation mechanism of network public opinion, this paper divides the formation process of network public opinion into three stages: individual information perception, individual decision making, and individual opinion transmission. Meanwhile, the influence of individual internal factors and external information characteristics on the formation process of network public opinion is also considered.
The therapeutic processes of avatar therapy: A content analysis of the dialogue between treatment‐resistant patients with schizophrenia and their avatar
Authors: Beaudoin Mélissa , Potvin Stéphane , Machalani Alexandra , Dellazizzo Laura , Bourguignon Lysandre , Phraxayavong Kingsada , Dumais Alexandre
Published: January 2021

Objective

Because the therapeutic processes of Avatar Therapy remain equivocal, the current study aims to further extend our previous findings by analysing the evolution of the avatars' and patients' speech and changes in patient responses as sessions progressed.

Design

Eighteen patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia were selected from two clinical trials on Avatar Therapy. Three coders analysed both the avatars' and patients' discourse during immersive therapy sessions using content analysis methods.

Results

Our analyses enabled the categorization of the avatar discourse into confrontational techniques (e.g., provocation) and positive techniques (e.g., reinforcement). Patients responded to these utterances using coping mechanism or by expressing emotions, beliefs, self‐perceptions or aspirations. Through identification of mutual changes in the interaction between the patient and their avatar, a shift was observed over the sessions from confrontation to a constructive dialogue. Assertiveness, emotional responses and prevention strategies seemed to be central to the therapeutic process, and these usually occur in response to positive techniques.

Conclusion

Investigating AT's therapeutic process may help to identify components to achieve positive outcomes and can enable the development of more effective treatments. Further studies should explore the association between these themes and therapeutic response to help predict which patients will better respond to Avatar Therapy.
Screening of a test charge in a free‐electron gas at warm dense matter and dense non‐ideal plasma conditions
Authors: Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Dornheim Tobias , Bonitz Michael
Published: January 2021

The screening of a test charge by partially degenerate non‐ideal free electrons at conditions related to warm dense matter and dense plasmas is investigated using linear response theory and the local field correction based on ab initio Quantum Monte‐Carlo simulations data. The analysis of the obtained results is performed by comparing to the random phase approximation and the Singwi–Tosi–Land–Sjölander approximation. The applicability of the long‐wavelength approximation for the description of screening is investigated. The impact of electronic exchange‐correlations effects on structural properties and the applicability of the screened potential from linear response theory for the simulation of the dynamics of ions are discussed.
Support pronoun disclosure when students are ready
Authors: Poore‐Pariseau Cindy
Published: January 2021

As a community of professionals, we increasingly recognize the importance of using the pronoun that correctly identifies a person's gender. But how does one know the gender of another person? We could ask. But how do we ask? And when? And where? And what if students we serve are unable or not ready to disclose their pronouns? Those who are questioning, not ready to disclose, or able to disclose only in certain situations are arguably among the most vulnerable populations on campus. And if these students have disabilities, what is the impact on their disability‐related condition(s) if they are faced, on a regular basis, with the choice to either be less than honest or to disclose their pronouns before they are ready — or feel pressured to disclose their pronouns in environments they deem inappropriate, for a variety of reasons?
Volunteer initiative engages students, boosts university's visibility
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2021

Service to the community has been a long‐standing tradition at Long Island University. Students volunteer more than 150,000 hours annually, said Randy Burd, Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs. New initiatives in LIU's Global Service Institute build on that tradition.
AACRAO president helps to steer course in turbulent times
Authors: Enos Gary A.
Published: January 2021

Twice since the start of 2020, Jack Miner has found himself adjusting to a new role amid a public health crisis.
Measurement of urinary cobalt as its complex with 2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the purpose of anti‐doping control
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Ahrens Brian
Published: January 2021

Cobalt is well known for its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis via stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factors. In sports, this can provide a competitive benefit to athletes, so the World Anti‐Doping Agency prohibits the use of cobalt in any form except its cobalamin vitamers. As of now, cobalt in biological fluids is detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), a technique which has very limited availability in anti‐doping laboratories. Therefore, a quantitative method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry capable of measuring urinary cobalt in the form of its complex with 2‐(5‐chloro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol (5‐Cl‐PADAP) has been developed and validated. A cobalt complex with deuterium‐labeled 5‐Cl‐PADAP was used as internal standard. The method was found linear over the concentration range of 5–500 ng/ml with a combined standard uncertainty less than 10% at 15, 200, and 450 ng/ml. Stability of cobalt ions in urine was investigated over the course of 2 months; the concentration of free Co2+ was observed to decline by approximately 50% but restored upon hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. Unlike ICP‐MS, this method is practically unaffected by the presence of cyanocobalamin as the latter is resistant to acid hydrolysis. Notwithstanding the lack of formalized threshold concentration of cobalt in urine, it is highly desirable that more anti‐doping laboratories engage in testing for cobalt levels to better understand the prevalence of cobalt misuse in athletes. Given that cobalt salts are inexpensive and easily obtainable, the risk of such abuse should not be underestimated.
Design of Roll‐In Margarine Analogous by Partial Drying of Monoglyceride‐Structured Emulsions
Authors: Calligaris Sonia , Plazzotta Stella , Barba Luisa , Manzocco Lara
Published: January 2021

A novel process is proposed to turn soft gelled emulsions containing saturated monoglyceride (MG), sunflower oil, and water into a fat material with the typical water content (20 g/100 g) and rheological properties of roll‐in margarine. A gentle drying procedure at 30 °C is proposed to allow partial water removal from the emulsions, without causing phase separation. Upon water removal, the soft emulsion, initially stabilized by a highly hydrated liquid crystalline lamellar phase of MG, converts into a high internal phase oil–water emulsion (HIPE) stabilized thanks to the presence of MG crystals around gelled oil particles, which are interconnected via polar groups of MG. HIPE at the highest MG content (13.7 g/100 g) shows rheological properties (Gʹ = 4.6 × 105 Pa, critical stress = 634 Pa) comparable to those of commercial roll‐in margarine and is successfully used in baking trials of puff pastry.

Practical Applications: The last years have seen an increasing demand for strategies for the nutritional improvement of lipid‐containing foods, due to the emerging health concern related to the consumption of unbalanced saturate/unsaturated fats. Moreover, sustainability issues have arisen due to the abundant use of tropical fats in foods. However, the unique technological and sensory properties of fats make this task very challenging, especially considering the production of laminated products requiring the use of plastic fat materials with peculiar rheological properties. The results obtained in this study are very promising, as they show that the novel fat can be used as an alternative to traditional laminating margarine.
Development of a sensitive MEKC‐LIF method for synthetic cathinones analysis
Authors: Emonts Paul , Servais Anne‐Catherine , Ziemons Eric , Hubert Philippe , Fillet Marianne , Dispas Amandine
Published: January 2021

Synthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamine compounds related to natural cathinone from Catha edulis leaves. Due to their sympathomimetic effects comparable to common illicit drugs, these substances are mainly drugs of abuse and constitute the second most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. In order to ensure their regulation and to promote public health, reliable analytical tools are required to track these substances. In the present study, we developed a CE hyphenated to laser‐induced fluorescence detection method to demonstrate its suitability to perform fast and cost‐effective synthetic cathinones analysis. Fourteen compounds including isobaric compounds and position isomers were selected to encompass the large panel of chemical structures. To separate the FITC‐labeled analytes (presenting the same negative charge and close mass to charge ratios), MEKC separation mode was selected. Method selectivity was not suitable using common surfactants. In this context, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether surfactants were successfully used as neutral surfactant to overcome this analytical challenge. The effect of surfactant nature on separation performances and migration behaviors of the analytes was also studied. Optimal BGE composition included 75 mM borate buffer at pH 9.3 and 0.4 mM of C12E10 surfactant. Final MEKC separation conditions were proposed to analyze a large panel of synthetic cathinones. This method helped to reach a sensitivity with LOD from 0.1 to 0.4 nM (pg/mL order).
Facile Dry Coating Method of High‐Nickel Cathode Material by Nanostructured Fumed Alumina (Al2O3) Improving the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Herzog Marcel J. , Gauquelin Nicolas , Esken Daniel , Verbeeck Johan , Janek Jürgen
Published: January 2021

Surface coating is a crucial method to mitigate the aging problem of high‐Ni cathode active materials (CAMs). By avoiding the direct contact of the CAM and the electrolyte, side reactions are hindered. Commonly used techniques like wet or ALD coating are time consuming and costly. Therefore, a more cost‐effective coating technique is desirable. Herein, a facile and fast dry powder coating process for CAMs with nanostructured fumed metal oxides are reported. As the model case, the coating of high‐Ni NMC (LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2) by nanostructured fumed Al2O3 is investigated. A high coverage of the CAM surface with an almost continuous coating layer is achieved, still showing some porosity. Electrochemical evaluation shows a significant increase in capacity retention, cycle life and rate performance of the coated NMC material. The coating layer protects the surface of the CAM successfully and prevents side reactions, resulting in reduced solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and charge transfer impedance during cycling. A mechanism on how the coating layer enhances the cycling performance is hypothesized. The stable coating layer effectively prevents crack formation and particle disintegration of the NMC. In depth analysis indicates partial formation of LixAl2O3/LiAlO2 in the coating layer during cycling, enhancing lithium ion diffusivity and thus, also the rate performance.
Effects of the hydrofoil blade on the pressure pulsation and jet‐wake flow in a centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gao Bo , Alubokin Anthony Akurugo , Li Guoping
Published: January 2021

A hydrofoil blade design (HBD) is proposed to suppress the unsteady pressure pulsations in a centrifugal pump. Numerical simulation is carried out using the SST k‐ω model to obtain the unsteady flow field in the pump both with HBD and the conventional blade design (CBD). The pressure pulsations with the two types of blade profiles are compared at the nominal flow rate, whereas the jet‐wake flow patterns and vortex structures are analyzed to clarify the effect of the HBD on the flow field. The pressure pulsation amplitudes at the blade frequency (fBPF) are significantly reduced with the HBD, especially near the volute tongue, with a reduction of 72%. It is evident that HBD can effectively suppress the pressure pulsation. It is for these reasons that the relative velocities in the jet region at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the velocity gradients between the pressure and suction side are decreased, which contributes to improving the flow uniformity at the impeller outlet. Besides, the vorticities at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the high energy vortices shedding from the blade trailing edge are restrained. The combined effects of the uniform flow field and low vorticities contribute to the reduction of pressure amplitude with the HBD. The findings would serve as a reference for the pump designs with low noise and vibration.
Presenting the 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies
Authors: King Jean A. , Stevahn Laurie
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents the Board‐approved 2018 American Evaluation Association (AEA) Evaluator Competencies. It begins by introducing and briefly explicating each of the five competency domains—professional practice, methodology, context, planning and management, interpersonal—then details the specific competencies that comprise each domain. The chapter continues by identifying and discussing persistent member concerns that emerged across all forms of member feedback during the development process. It concludes by naming three broad areas of potential use of the competencies, each of which is the subject of a chapter in Part II.
Experimental investigation of the loop thermosyphon with different adiabatic lengths charged with different working fluids
Authors: Birajdar Mahasidha R. , Sewatkar C. M.
Published: January 2021

This paper reports an experimental investigation of a closed‐loop thermosyphon system charged with water and other low saturation fluids, such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, for different adiabatic lengths, filling ratios, and heat loads. The closed‐loop thermosyphon with two inline vertical heaters in the evaporator section and forced air‐cooled plate‐type heat exchanger in the condenser section, connected by a changeable adiabatic length, is investigated at different working conditions. Out of five filling ratios used in the analysis, at 0.6 filling ratio, the loop thermosyphon is seen to be operated at its best. The acetone‐charged loop thermosyphon shows the lowest values (up to 72% reduction) of overall thermal resistance than that of other fluids and significantly higher effectiveness, due to the plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. For the acetone‐filled thermosyphon, an almost 15% increase in the effectiveness is observed by changing the adiabatic length from 800 to 200 mm. This study suggests that the limitation of the loop thermosyphon with a water‐cooled condenser to cool electronic components, computational clusters, and data centers is well fulfilled by the loop thermosyphon with plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. The nucleate pool boiling correlation is developed and validated for the loop thermosyphon system to determine the evaporator heat transfer coefficient.
Dynamics of copper–water nanofluid with the significance of prescribed thermal conditions
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Faisal Muhammad , Javed Tariq
Published: January 2021

In this study, unsteady bidirectional stretched flow and heat transport of a Cu–water nanomaterial in the presence of a magnetic environment embedded in a porous medium occupying boundary‐layer region is investigated. Moreover, heat transport investigation is conceded out by simultaneous heat sources, namely, prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux. The considered problem is converted into a set of four coupled differential equations with the help of a suitable combination of variables. The Keller–Box method is then implemented to get the numerical solution for velocity components and temperature distributions. Nanomaterial volume fraction impact on the velocity components and temperature distributions are studied. Through reduced skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers, it is detected that the heat transport capacity of nanomaterial is better than that of the base fluid. An exponentially decaying behavior of velocity components and temperature distributions is observed at far‐field for various amounts of involved flow parameters.
Combined massage and warm compress to the perineum during active second stage of labor in nulliparas: A randomized trial
Authors: Goh Yi Pei , Tan Peng Chiong , Hong Jesrine Gek Shan , Sulaiman Sofiah , Omar Siti Zawiah
Published: January 2021

Objective

To evaluate the combined effect of massage and warm compress to the perineum (MassComp) compared with standard “hands‐off” in the second stage of labor.

Methods

A randomized trial was conducted in a University hospital in Malaysia. Nulliparous women at term who were about to start pushing were randomized to massage during pushing and warm compress to the perineum in between pushes or to standard “hands‐off” care. Primary outcome was suturing for perineal injury (episiotomy or tear).

Results

A total of 156 participants were analyzed based on intention to treat. Perineal repair rates were 53/79 (67%) for MassComp versus 70/77 (91%) for control (relative risk [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.98, number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome [NNTb] 5, 95% CI 2.83–8.62, P < 0.001). Of the secondary outcomes, participants’ satisfaction with care (visual numerical rating scale 0–10; 8.3 ± 1.2 vs 7.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.014), major perineal injury (second degree or higher) rates 34/79 (43%) versus 51/77 (66%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.97, NNTb 5, 95% CI 2.61–12.56, P = 0.004), episiotomy rates 28/79 (37%) versus 40/77 (53%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.98, NNTb 8, 95% CI 3.63–36.46, P = 0.043), intervention to delivery intervals 29.5 ± 13.6 versus 27.9 ± 13.8 minutes (P = 0.472) and spontaneous vaginal delivery rates 63/79 (79.7%) versus 56/77 (72.7%) (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.92–1.34, P = 0.306) for MassComp versus control, respectively.

Conclusion

Massage and warm compress during pushing decreased the perineal suturing, major perineal injury, and episiotomy rates and improved maternal satisfaction.

Clinical Trial Registration: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN42773879
Effect of delayed cord clamping on jaundice and hypoglycemia in the neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shao Hailing , Qian Yiyu , Gao Shichu , Dai Dongru , Hua Ying
Published: January 2021

Objective

To study the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on the bilirubin levels and hypoglycemia in neonates with diabetic mothers (NDMs).

Methods

This is a comparison between a prospective cohort and a historical control cohort. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who performed DCC were enrolled into the prospective cohort (n = 156), and those who performed early cord clamping (ECC) were enrolled into the historical control cohort (n = 161).

Results

NDMs who received DCC had higher transcutaneous bilirubin than those in the ECC group whether maternal glycemic control was good or poor. DCC increased the rate of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy when maternal blood glucose was well controlled but not when it was poorly controlled. No differences were found in initial blood glucose levels on days 1 to 3 of life between the two groups.

Conclusion

Delayed cord clamping increased bilirubin levels, the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and phototherapy in IDMs without improved initial blood glucose levels. Therefore, DCC was not recommended in NDMs.