bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Temporal and Spatial Variations of Groundwater into the Construction of a Water-Based Ecological Network: A Case Study in Denko County
Authors: Yu Qiang , Jiang Qun’ou , Yang Di , Yue Depeng , Ma Huan , Huang Yuan , Zhang Qibin , Fang Minzhe
Published: November 2017

It is of great practical significance to construct a water-based ecological network in arid and semi-arid areas. The spatial distribution of water resources is one of the most important factors in determining the ecological stability of such areas. In this study, groundwater level trends were analyzed with a model called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The temporal and spatial evolution of groundwater depth data from 1990 to 2016 were analyzed. The surface water bodies were analyzed using a point pattern analysis method. Based on this, a water-based ecological network was constructed with a minimum cumulative resistance surface model. The study indicated that the trend lines for the groundwater tables of 17 wells could be divided into five types in Denko County. The landscape types that changed from a desert landscape to an oasis landscape had a positive impact on groundwater. Precipitation trend was related to the spatial distribution of the groundwater depth, and the spatial pattern of the water nodes was characterized by a small-scale highly aggregated distribution and a large-scale uniform distribution in Denko County. These results suggest that for the stability of arid and semi-arid ecological environments, the appropriate human intervention (such as construction of an artificial oasis) is of great significance. Based on the analysis of groundwater and surface water bodies, a water-based ecological network in Denko County, which consisted of 391 ecological sources and 7360 ecological corridors, was constructed in 2016. The water-based ecological network constructed in this study was more sustainable and stable, and also suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, which is of great practical significance and application value.
The Carnegie Supernova Project. I. Third Photometry Data Release of Low-redshift Type Ia Supernovae and Other White Dwarf Explosions
Authors: Krisciunas Kevin , Contreras Carlos , Burns Christopher R. , Phillips M. M. , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Morrell Nidia , Hamuy Mario , Anais Jorge , Boldt Luis , Busta Luis , Campillay Abdo , Castellón Sergio , Folatelli Gastón , Freedman Wendy L. , González Consuelo , Hsiao Eric Y. , Krzeminski Wojtek , Persson Sven Eric , Roth Miguel , Salgado Francisco , Serón Jacqueline , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Torres Simón , Filippenko Alexei V. , Li Weidong , Madore Barry F. , DePoy D. L. , Marshall Jennifer L. , Rheault Jean-Philippe , Villanueva Steven
Published: November 2017

We present final natural-system optical (ugriBV) and near-infrared (YJH) photometry of 134 supernovae (SNe) with probable white dwarf progenitors that were observed in 2004–2009 as part of the first stage of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I). The sample consists of 123 Type Ia SNe, 5 Type Iax SNe, 2 super-Chandrasekhar SN candidates, 2 Type Ia SNe interacting with circumstellar matter, and 2 SN 2006bt-like events. The redshifts of the objects range from

to 0.0835; the median redshift is 0.0241. For 120 (90%) of these SNe, near-infrared photometry was obtained. Average optical extinction coefficients and color terms are derived and demonstrated to be stable during the five CSP-I observing campaigns. Measurements of the CSP-I near-infrared bandpasses are also described, and near-infrared color terms are estimated through synthetic photometry of stellar atmosphere models. Optical and near-infrared magnitudes of local sequences of tertiary standard stars for each supernova are given, and a new calibration of Y-band magnitudes of the Persson et al. standards in the CSP-I natural system is presented.
Search for a Signature of Twist-removal in the Magnetic Field of Sunspots in Relation with Major Flares
Authors: Burtseva Olga , Gosain Sanjay , Pevtsov Alexei A.
Published: November 2017

We investigate the restructuring of the magnetic field in sunspots associated with two flares: the X6.5 flare on 2006 December 6 and the X2.2 flare on 2011 February 15. The observed changes were evaluated with respect to the so-called twist-removal model, in which helicity (twist) is removed from the corona as the result of an eruption. Since no vector magnetograms were available for the X6.5 flare, we applied the azimuthal symmetry approach to line-of-sight magnetograms to reconstruct the pseudo-vector magnetic field and investigate the changes in average twist and inclination of magnetic field in the sunspot around the time of the flare. For the X2.2 flare, results from the full vector magnetograms were compared with the pseudo-vector field data. For both flares, the data show changes consistent with the twist-removal scenario. We also evaluate the validity of the azimuthal symmetry approach on simple isolated round sunspots. In general, the derivations based on the azimuthal symmetry approach agree with true-vector field data though we find that even for symmetric sunspots the distribution of the magnetic field may deviate from an axially symmetric distribution.
SFADI: The Speckle-free Angular Differential Imaging Method
Authors: Causi Gianluca Li , Stangalini Marco , Antoniucci Simone , Pedichini Fernando , Mattioli Massimiliano , Testa Vincenzo
Published: November 2017

We present a new processing technique that significantly improves the angular differential imaging method (ADI). Its context of application is that of high-contrast imaging of faint objects nearby bright stars in observations obtained with extreme adaptive optics (EXAO) systems. This technique, named “SFADI” for “Speckle-Free ADI,” improves the achievable contrast by means of speckles identification and suppression. This is possible in very high cadence data, which freeze the atmospheric evolution. Here we present simulations in which synthetic planets are injected into a real millisecond frame rate sequence, acquired at the LBT telescope at a visible wavelength, and show that this technique can deliver a low and uniform background, allowing for unambiguous detection of 10−5 contrast planets, from 100 to 300 mas separations, under poor and highly variable seeing conditions (0.8 to 1.5 arcsec FWHM) and in only 20 minutes of acquisition. A comparison with a standard ADI approach shows that the contrast limit is improved by a factor of 5. We extensively discuss the SFADI dependence on the various parameters like the speckle identification threshold, frame integration time, and number of frames, as well as its ability to provide high-contrast imaging for extended sources and also to work with fast acquisitions.
The X-/γ-Ray Correlation in NGC 4945 and the Nature of Its γ-Ray Source
Authors: Wojaczyński Rafał , Niedźwiecki Andrzej
Published: November 2017

We report hints for the correlation between the X-ray and γ-ray emission in the nearby galaxy NGC 4945, which harbors both an active galactic nucleus and a nuclear starburst region. We have divided the Fermi/LAT observations of NGC 4945 into two data sets, comprising events detected during the low (L) and high (H) level of X-ray emission from the active nucleus of this galaxy, determined using the Swift/BAT light curve. Both data sets contain an equal amount of 3.8 years of LAT data and NGC 4945 is detected with a similar statistical significance of

∼
15
σ

in L and

14
σ

in H. However, the slope of the γ-ray spectrum hardens with the increase of the X-ray flux, with the photon index

Γ
=
2.47
±
0.07

in L and 2.11 ± 0.08 in H. The change is confirmed by a systematic variation of the spectral energy distribution as well as a substantial reversal of the γ-ray signal in significance maps for low and high γ-ray energies. The X-/γ-ray correlation indicates that the γ-ray production is dominated by the active nucleus rather than by cosmic rays interacting with the interstellar medium. We discuss possible locations of the γ-ray source. We also compare NGC 4945 with other starburst galaxies detected by LAT and we note similarities between those with active nuclei, e.g., unlikely high efficiencies of γ-ray production in starburst scenario, which argues for a significant contribution of their active nuclei to the γ-ray emission.
Frequency of subclinical peripheral neuropathy in cases of untreated brucellosis
Authors: Sanivar Hilal , Kose Ozlece Hatice , Huseyinoglu Nergiz , Aydin Emsal , Ilik Faik
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in some areas of the world. It may affect several organs and is known to involve the nervous system in 2.7–17.8% of affected patients. During the progression of brucellosis, peripheral neuropathies (PNs) have been reported. However, there are few studies investigating the presence of subclinical neuropathy in asymptomatic patients. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of peripheral neuropathy using electrophysiological methods in newly-diagnosed untreated brucellosis patients.

Methodology: The study included a control group of 60 healthy volunteers and 60 untreated brucellosis patients with a positive result of 1/160 or above on a brucella tube agglutination test. The patient and control groups were evaluated by electrophysiological methods.

Results: In the patient group, all investigated motor nerves had slower average motor conduction speeds, reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and delayed F response and terminal latency compared to the control group. The sural nerve sensory conduction speed was slower and the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) was found to be reduced.

Conclusion: Among the 60 patients with acute brucellosis, 18% had sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy of widespread axonal character. Brucellosis can have many effects in the nervous system, including clinical or subclinical peripheral neuropathy in the peripheral nervous system. Brucellosis should be considered for differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained neurological and clinically relevant electrophysiological findings, especially in regions with endemic brucellosis.
Bovine respiratory disease complex associated mortality and morbidity rates in feedlot cattle from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Baptista Anderson Lopes , Rezende Amanda Lima , Fonseca Pedro de Almeida , Massi Rodrigo Pelisson , Nogueira Geison Morel , Magalhães Layane Queiroz , Headley Selwyn Arlington , Menezes Guilherme Lobato , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Saut João Paulo Elsen
Published: November 2017

Introduction: A feedlot is an intensive farming system for finishing livestock. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle, especially in feedlots.

Methodology: This study investigated the morbidity and mortality of BRD in a beef cattle feedlot in southeastern Brazil using: clinical diagnoses, therapy, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary fragments were collected from five steers, on feed from 3-32 days, with lesions of pneumonia for identification of BRD infectious agents PCR.

Results: 188,862 steers were on feed and morbidity was 7.05% (13,315/188,862), mortality 0.64% (1,214/188,862). The causes of morbidity were: BRD (6.13%), lameness (0.29%), trauma (0.21%), clostridiosis (0.13%) and polioencephalomalacia, PEM (0.12%). The causes of mortality were: BRD (0.21%), trauma (0.17%), and clostridiosis (0.13%). When all sick cattle were considered (n=13,315), BRD (86.9%) was the principal cause of morbidity, followed by lameness (4.13%), trauma (3.05%), and clostridiosis (1.82%). The cost of BRD-associated cattle mortality and morbidity was estimated at $14,334.00/10,000 and $16,315.40/10,000 respectively. It was projected that the economic effects due to BRD-associated morbidity in Brazil were $6.31 million/annum, while losses due to mortality were $5.54 million, resulting in an annual loss of $11.85 million. Coinfections in cattle with pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were identified in 4/5 steers tested.

Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study that investigated the incidence of BRD in feedlot cattle from Brazil, and the results herein described indicate that BRD contributed significantly to the development of mortality and morbidity of cattle on feed.
A crowdsourcing approach to collecting photo-based insect and plant observation records
Authors: Osawa Takeshi , Yamanaka Takehiko , Nakatani Yukinobu , Nishihiro Jun , Takahashi Shiori , Mahoro Suzuki , Sasaki Hironobu
Published: November 2017

Scientific field observation by members of the public is known as citizen science and has become popular all across the world. Citizen science is advantageous for collecting large amounts of scientific data and can be seen as a crowdsourcing approach to data collection. Information and communications technology is enhancing the availability of citizen science. Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, that have a digital camera with a global positioning system (GPS) are necessities for contemporary life and can be utilised as powerful observation tools in citizen science.

A web-based system has been developed as a data collection tool for citizen science. Participants submit an e-mail with a photo taken by their mobile phones. The photos contain location information, which can be easily and automatically embedded if the mobile phone is equipped with GPS. Collaboration has been undertaken with regional event managers, such as museum curators and held citizen science events in each region and for various target taxonomic groups. All photos were stored in the data server and the organisms were taxonomically identified by citizen scientists, regional managers and the authors. In total, 154 species and 843 data records were collected in this project conducted from 2011 to 2016.
Contribution de la géographie francophone à la political ecology
Authors: Blot Frédérique , Gonzalez Besteiro Ana
Published: November 2017

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le contexte de débats qui animent la géographie francophone, qui serait « acritique » et peinerait à aborder la dimension politique des grands défis contemporains (inégalités socio-naturelles) à l’inverse de la political ecology . Le but est de montrer, à travers l’étude des relations sociétés/eaux souterraines en Espagne, qu’il est possible de trouver dans la géographie francophone des années 1970-1980 des propositions théoriques fécondes qui permettent de pratiquer une géographie à la fois critique, systémique, constructiviste, multi-scalaire et historique tout comme la political ecology .
La catégorisation politique des eaux sous l’angle de la political ecology : le patrimoine piscicole et la pollution en France
Authors: Bouleau Gabrielle
Published: November 2017

Les institutions mises en place pour gérer les problématiques environnementales appréhendent la réalité écologique à partir de catégories descriptives. La political ecology est un courant d’analyse qui permet d’étudier les conséquences à la fois matérielles et discursives de cette catégorisation institutionnalisée. Cette démarche est déclinée ici à travers deux exemples de construction historique d’institutions pour gérer le patrimoine piscicole en France et la pollution des rivières. Ces exemples illustrent des mécanismes généraux produits par la catégorisation : l’équivalence, la distinction et l’essentialisation. Ils montrent également que ces mécanismes peuvent être appropriés par des acteurs dans le champ politique pour modifier l’environnement socionaturel.
Femmes en géographie au temps des changements
Authors: Ginsburger Nicolas
Published: November 2017

Longtemps minoritaires, mais absolument pas absentes du champ de la géographie universitaire française depuis le début du xx e siècle, les femmes ont occupé une place croissante dans la discipline après 1945. Cette féminisation s’est accentuée à partir des années 1960, selon des modalités que la présente étude s’efforce de mesurer pour la période 1960-1990, époque de profondes modifications académiques, morphologiques et scientifiques dans la communauté disciplinaire. On montrera en particulier que, pour être solidement ancrée dans des domaines parfois inattendus, ce phénomène s’appuie alors sur des réseaux féminins constitués et un féminisme relativement précoce et affirmé, quoique marginal.
Qu’est-ce qu’un géographe colonial ?
Authors: Deprest Florence
Published: November 2017

En analysant les débuts de la carrière de Jean Brunhes et sa thèse sur l’irrigation dans les régions arides (1902), l’article montre en quoi le contexte impérial et les réseaux coloniaux ont orienté la réflexion scientifique et l’approche comparatiste d’un auteur considéré comme un des fondateurs de la géographie humaine. Sa comparaison des différents systèmes indigènes et coloniaux participe ainsi d’une interrogation sur le bon gouvernement de l’eau et l’exercice de la souveraineté. La déconstruction de la « géographie coloniale » comme catégorie de la pratique universitaire permet ainsi de complexifier notre compréhension de l’émergence de la géographie humaine au début du xx e siècle.
Le tourisme réflexif, un nouveau fondement d’un tourisme durable
Authors: Knafou Rémy
Published: November 2017

El desarrollo del turismo sostenible se enfrenta con la dificultad de utilizar un discurso contradictorio, y más en un contexto en el que se dan grandes concentraciones turísticas y en el que los flujos turísticos se intensifican de día en día. Uno de los modos de acercarse al turismo sostenible es pensar en las prácticas de los turistas. Y una de las vías para alcanzar sus objetivos es favorecer la postura reflexiva de los turistas, en el marco de un turismo que proponemos llamar turismo reflexivo.

[fr] Le développement du tourisme durable se heurte à la difficulté de mettre en actes un discours contradictoire, qui plus est dans un contexte où les grandes concentrations touristiques sont en place et où les flux touristiques s’intensifient chaque jour. L’une des manières d’y viser est de penser sur les pratiques des touristes. Et l’une des manières d’y parvenir est de favoriser les postures réflexives des touristes, dans le cadre d’un tourisme qu’on propose de nommer “tourisme réflexif”.
La clave es el paisaje. Explorando alternativas al turismo de masas
Authors: Huete Raquel , Mantecón Alejandro
Published: November 2017

Este texto propone una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de desarrollar proyectos innovadores de turismo sostenible en torno al concepto de paisaje en contextos que han experimentado procesos de masificación turística estrechamente ligados a la actividad inmobiliaria. Tomando como marco de referencia la provincia de Alicante, ejemplo ilustrativo de región especializada en la vertiente residencial, se identifica como caso de estudio paradigmático el proyecto Vivood Landscape Hotel, cuyo entorno inmediato lo conforma el municipio de Benimantell y el valle de Guadalest, a pocos kilómetros de Benidorm. La reflexión se fundamenta en una investigación de carácter cualitativo basada principalmente en la aplicación de entrevistas en profundidad a actores sociales clave a propósito de esta iniciativa empresarial multipremiada, en la que convergen criterios de sostenibilidad arquitectónica y ambiental con un desarrollo integrador y respetuoso con los intereses socioeconómicos de la población local.
Sostenibilidad y turismo en los paisajes culturales de la industrialización
Authors: Pardo Abad Carlos J.
Published: November 2017

Las antiguas zonas mineras e industriales, muchas de ellas ya abandonadas tras una prolongada actividad extractiva y productiva, albergan frecuentemente buenas experiencias de recuperación del patrimonio asociado y sus paisajes. Impulsados inicialmente los proyectos desde las administraciones públicas, sobre todo de ámbito municipal, con participación activa de las empresas propietarias y la comunidad local, hoy son un extraordinario referente de puesta en valor de un legado muy peculiar que ofrece amplias posibilidades de reutilización bajo la perspectiva irrenunciable del desarrollo sostenible.
La sostenibilidad ambiental del sector hotelero español. Una contribución al turismo sostenible entre el interés empresarial y el compromiso ambiental
Authors: Valenzuela Rubio Manuel
Published: November 2017

El artículo aborda la implantación en el sector hotelero español de criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental ampliamente difundidos por los organismos internacionales (ONU, UNESCO, Unión Europea, etc.) desde la Conferencia de Río (1992), y reforzados por la creciente sensibilidad respecto al medio ambiente de la clientela no son ajenas a este proceso la búsqueda de ahorro en la gestión de los recursos y la mejora de la competitividad dentro del sector. El compromiso ambiental de las empresas hoteleras se traduce básicamente en la obtención de certificaciones de calidad ambiental y eco-etiquetas expedidas por entidades especializadas en cumplimiento de determinados requisitos. Las grandes cadenas hoteleras han demostrado un mayor interés por obtenerlas por razones de imagen y por su mayor solvencia económica, aunque aún hay un largo camino por recorrer hacia la plena sostenibilidad de los hoteles españoles.
Regards croisés sur un Centenaire. Un premier bilan des commémorations de la Première Guerre mondiale à Bruxelles
Authors: Jaumain Serge , Vaesen Joost , Benvindo Bruno , Bouchat Pierre , Bousmar Eric , Degryse Iadine , Kesteloot Chantal , Klein Olivier , Vanraepenbusch Karla
Published: November 2017

Le Centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale marque une rupture : on ne commémorera plus jamais de la même manière les événements historiques, tout particulièrement en Belgique. Les entités fédérées y ont démontré le rôle qu’elles entendaient désormais jouer, en toute autonomie, dans de futurs événements de ce type. La Région de Bruxelles-capitale n’a pas été en reste. Si le choix politique de s’impliquer directement dans les commémorations y fut postérieur à celui des autres grandes régions et communautés, elle a démontré sa volonté et sa capacité à mettre en place une politique volontariste et ambitieuse visant à toucher un très large public. L’étude systématique d’un peu plus de 430 activités recensées entre janvier 2014 et juin 2017 sur le territoire de la Région de Bruxelles-capitale met ainsi en exergue leur extrême diversité mais aussi l’exceptionnel dynamisme des communes bruxelloises qui ont été à l’initiative d’un quart d’entre eux. Globalement, la thématique de la majorité des événements étudiés oscilla entre deux axes: le quotidien des Bruxellois et l’histoire globale du conflit dans sa dimension belge mais ces approches furent aussi utilisées pour susciter débats et réflexions sur des questions d’actualité, pour présenter certaines valeurs qui font sens pour la société actuelle : la défense de la liberté, la solidarité, la démocratie, la cohésion sociale… L’approche historique a donc été utilisée comme outil de cohésion et levier d’intégration à travers un passé qui s’adressait à tous : les Bruxellois d’ici et d’ailleurs, les passionnés d’histoire, les amateurs de tourisme de mémoire, les allochtones, les expatriés, les touristes d’un jour…
Gekruiste blikken op een honderdste verjaardag. Een eerste balans van de herdenkingen van de Eerste Wereldoorlog in Brussel
Authors: Jaumain Serge , Vaesen Joost , Benvindo Bruno , Bouchat Pierre , Bousmar Eric , Degryse Iadine , Kesteloot Chantal , Klein Olivier , Vanraepenbusch Karla
Published: November 2017

De viering van de honderdste verjaardag van de Eerste Wereldoorlog betekent een breuk: historische gebeurtenissen zullen nooit meer op dezelfde manier worden herdacht, zeker niet in België. De deelgebieden hebben duidelijk laten verstaan welke rol ze voortaan volledig autonoom wensen te spelen bij toekomstige evenementen van dat type. Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest is daarbij niet achtergebleven. Het besliste weliswaar later dan de andere grote gewesten en gemeenschappen om de herdenkingen zelf te organiseren, maar toonde aan dat het bereid en in staat is om een krachtdadig en ambitieus herdenkingsbeleid op poten te zetten dat tot een zeer ruim publiek gericht is. Een systematisch onderzoek van iets meer dan 430 activiteiten die tussen januari 2014 en juni 2017 werden geregistreerd op het grondgebied van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, wijst op hun extreme diversiteit, maar ook op de uitzonderlijke dynamiek van de Brusselse gemeenten die het initiatief hebben genomen voor een kwart van de activiteiten. In het algemeen werden in het merendeel van de evenementen twee thematische benaderingen gevolgd: het dagelijkse leven van de Brusselaars en de algemene geschiedenis van het conflict in zijn Belgische dimensie, maar die benaderingen werden ook gevolgd om debatten en reflecties over actuele vraagstukken op gang te brengen en om bepaalde waarden te presenteren die van betekenis zijn voor de hedendaagse samenleving: verdediging van de vrijheid, solidariteit, democratie, sociale cohesie… De historische benadering werd dus vaak gebruikt als instrument van cohesie en als hefboom voor integratie via een verleden dat zich tot iedereen richt: de Brusselaars van hier en elders, de gepassioneerden van geschiedenis, de liefhebbers van herdenkingstoerisme, de allochtonen, de expats, de dagjestoeristen…
The dawn of two dawns: The mythical, royal and temporal implications of dawn for Psalms 108 and 110
Authors: Sutton Lodewyk
Published: November 2017

Shachar is identified primarily as a primary noun that is translated as ‘dawn’ within the Hebrew Bible, yet one must not ignore its mythical dimension. Within the Davidic trilogy Psalms 108–110, Shachar takes on an important function, concerning the unity and the message of the trilogy within Book V (Pss 107–150) of the Book of Psalms. A process of restoration (of honour and identity) and hope is announced within Psalm 108 and started within Psalm 110 for Israel after a time of war and exile. This is demonstrated through the mythical, royal and temporal dimensions of Shachar as two dawns within Psalm 108:3 and Psalm 110:3.
Lorentz Estimates for Weak Solutions of Quasi-linear Parabolic Equations with Singular Divergence-free Drifts
Authors: Phan Tuoc
Published: November 2017

This paper investigates regularity in Lorentz spaces for weak solutions of a class of divergence form quasi-linear parabolic equations with singular divergence-free drifts. In this class of equations, the principal terms are vector field functions that are measurable in ($x,t$)-variable, and nonlinearly dependent on both unknown solutions and their gradients. Interior, local boundary, and global regularity estimates in Lorentz spaces for gradients of weak solutions are established assuming that the solutions are in BMO space, the John–Nirenberg space. The results are even new when the drifts are identically zero, because they do not require solutions to be bounded as in the available literature. In the linear setting, the results of the paper also improve the standard Calderón–Zygmund regularity theory to the critical borderline case. When the principal term in the equation does not depend on the solution as its variable, our results recover and sharpen known available results. The approach is based on the perturbation technique introduced by Caffarelli and Peral together with a “double-scaling parameter” technique and the maximal function free approach introduced by Acerbi and Mingione.
¿Cómo usan los parlamentos las redes sociales? Un estudio comparado y longitudinal aplicado a países de América y Europa (2010, 2015 y 2017)
Authors: Giraldo-Luque Santiago , Villegas-Simón Isabel , Carniel Bugs Ricardo
Published: November 2017

El artículo analiza el uso que los parlamentos hacen de las redes sociales a partir del estudio de las cámaras representativas de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Estados Unidos, España, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido y Suecia. Metodología: A través de un análisis de contenido efectuado en 2010, 2015 y 2017, el texto presenta la evolución y la trayectoria del uso de las redes sociales en cada uno de los años y países de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican un aumento del uso informativo y divulgativo de las redes sociales en los parlamentos, pero demuestra pocos avances en la creación de espacios deliberativos o participativos en las plataformas. El artículo identifica acciones parlamentarias orientadas a integrar el ecosistema mediático cambiante, ligado a las redes sociales, aunque la intención se limita a la figuración y al impacto dentro del marco mediático, más que en la promoción de la participación mediada por las redes sociales.
Obesity: The Next Public Health Challenge
Authors: Bond Christine M
Published: November 2017

-
Nonformulary Medication Orders and Discharge Discrepancies
Authors: Chua Doson , San Cindy
Published: November 2017

-
Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Binnal Almas , D'Costa Zeena V , Ahmed Junaid
Published: November 2017

Aim

This study was designed to compare the efficiency of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) with panoramic radiography to discern external root resorption (ERR) in second molars.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective study with a sample size of 50 participants who had a total of 120 impacted third molars visible on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The presence of ERR on the neighboring second molar was assessed and the position of impacted third molar was determined using Pell and Gregory classification. The ERR was registered according to Al-Khateeb and Bataineh's criteria. The location and severity were assessed by Ericson et al criteria, and grading of ERR was done as per the criteria given by Nemcovsky.

Results

The CBCT was able to locate and identify extremely large number of cases with ERR on second molars in comparison with the panoramic radiographs. Based on Pell and Gregory classification, position B was most common. The ERR on second molars was most commonly seen at the cervical region. Most of the cases had mild severity. As per grading mentioned by Nemcovsky, maximum number of cases were given grade A followed by grade B.

Conclusion

According to our study and considering the threedimensional information obtained from CBCT, we found that ERR was better detected with CBCT.

Clinical significance

If on panoramic radiographs, a close contact is detected between the second molar and an impacted third molar, CBCT can be advised taking into account the “risk vs reward ratio.”

How to cite this article

D'Costa ZV, Ahmed J, Ongole R, Shenoy N, Denny C, Binnal A. Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2017;8(4):281-287.
Dental caries and Dental Anomalies in children with cleft Lip and cleft Palate in Bengaluru city, India
Authors: Gaikwad Rahul , Sarode Sachin C , Kamble Seema , Hiremath Shivalinga S , Biradar Ashwini
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the association of dental caries and dental anomalies among 5- to 15-year-old children with cleft lip and cleft palate.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and 500 children without cleft of the age group 5 to 15 years. The clinical examination was carried out using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by Klein Plamer and Knutson, and dmft by Grubbel and 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) pro forma.

Results

The results showed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries in children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The mean DMFT was found to be significantly higher in operated children than in the children who were not operated. Other dental abnormalities included an increased frequency of enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001), hyperdontia (p < 0.014), anterior, unilateral and bilateral cross-bite (p < 0.001), and open bite (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that children with cleft have higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the normal children. With increased occurrence of hypoplasia in children with cleft, reduced access for cleaning upper anterior teeth after surgical repair leads to poor oral hygiene status, leading to increased risk to dental caries.

Clinical significance

Given the high caries experience among the children with cleft lip and cleft palate, it is necessary to advocate a more rigorous approach to the prevention of dental disease in these high-risk children. They should therefore, be subjected to regular checkups, oral hygiene advice, diet advice, appropriate fluoride supplementation, and, when required, appropriate referral for secondary care.

How to cite this article

Kamble S, Hiremath SS, Puranik MP, Gaikwad R, Biradar A, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Dental Caries and Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Bengaluru City, India. World J Dent 2017;8(4):304-308.
Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra , Thakur Niharika
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Patients suffering from problems related to teeth crowding and misalignment require braces for realignment and restoring of perfect teeth. This process of realignment is a long-term treatment varying from 6 to 12 months including many stages during which teeth alignments are achieved in small steps. Patients are always eager to view their futuristic teeth alignment condition at the beginning of their treatment. This requires a predictive methodology on the part of the dentist, which is achievable using software tools and finally reproducing these software-designed stages using rapid prototyping.

Materials and methods

Dental molds, 3D Scanner, 3D Printer, and 3D computer-aided design software, such as 3-Matic, Maestro ortho studio, 3D Orchestrate, or 3Shape ortho studio for manipulations.

Results

According to the quantitative analysis, average variation between the preprint and postprint is 0.32. Threedimensional (3D) printed models of these stages are within the units of 0.01 mm; hence, the rapid prototyping method supplements automation of the complete procedure of teeth alignment. Whereas, qualitative analysis of the scans after printing shows little-distorted boundaries due to which clarity has been slightly decreased but, according to the experts, this is clinically acceptable.

Conclusion

In this study, we provide an insight into generating different aligned stages or steps using available 3D software and further 3D printing of these stages using polylactic acid models.

Clinical significance

These models are expected to provide very important and tangible information related to the treatment purpose to both patients and dentists. These 3D models further provide platform for the manufacturing of customized transparent teeth aligners which are specific to the patient, better in esthetics, easy to wear, and is inexpensive than traditional teeth braces.

How to cite this article

Thakur N, Chaudhary N, Juneja M, Jindal P. Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages. World J Dent 2017;8(4):309-314.
A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Kamble Ranjit , Sharma Narendra S , Shrivastav Sunita , Sharma Preethi
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment effects of the clear block appliance during comprehensive correction of class II malocclusion in growing patients.

Introduction

Sagittal discrepancy commonly exists in skeletal class II malocclusions. The popular of the class II malocclusions is division 1 type among them. The presence of original skeletal jaw abnormality is the origin of the class II malocclusions. The treatment result of such skeletal malocclusion depends on the age, latent growth, and cooperation of the individual. The class II division 1 malocclusion in a growing individual can be successfully treated with different types of myofunctional appliance. The present article illustrates a new approach (clear block appliance) to correct sagittal discrepancy to make optimal use of the patient's pubertal growth spurt to achieve best possible results. Based on the results in these patients, the clear block appliance was very effective in correcting class II malocclusions. Although the results are positive, they should be tested on a large sample size.

Clinical significance

Clear block appliance proved to be the best alternative to other myofunctional appliances, where side effects in the form of anchorage loss or proclination of lower incisor do not occur with similar results.

How to cite this article

Sharma N, Shrivastav S, Kamble R, Sharma P. A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach. World J Dent 2017;8(4):334-342.
Surgery-first Approach
Authors: Shah Yash A , Deshmukh Shailesh V , Patil Amol S
Published: November 2017

Aim

This article is intended to provide an overview of the Surgery First Approach (SFA) mainly including case selection, diagnosis, treatment protocols, success rate and the potential problems encountered.

Background

The most important indication of the need for orthognathic surgery is usually the psychosocial effect resulting from the unaesthetic appearance of a dentofacial deformity. The conventional approach in treatment of such deformities till today has been an orthodontics-first approach.

Review Results

Available evidence suggest that both the SFA and the conventional approach had similar outcomes in dentofacial relationships however the relapse tendency was greater with the SFA but the total treatment duration was substantially shorter.

Conclusion

SFA treats facial aesthetics (and the skeletal malrelation) first and then occlusion, i.e. orthognathic surgery antecedes the orthodontic therapy. The concept of this technique is to utilize orthognathic surgery to eliminate the displeasing pre-surgical facial profile and promptly accomplish facial aesthetic enhancement that is usually the patient's chief complaint at the beginning of the treatment. SFA also facilitates accelerated orthodontic tooth movement thus reducing the length of post-surgical orthodontic therapy.

Clinical Significance

The optimal esthetic and functional results, significant reduction in total treatment time and high patient satisfaction led us to the postulation that SFA may represent a reasonable, cost-effective method to manage skeletal malocclusions in selected cases and that it has the potential to become a standard approach to orthognathic surgery in the future.

How to cite this article

Shah YA, Deshmukh SV, Patil AS. Surgery-first Approach. World J Dent 2017;8(4):343-350.
In situ measurements of cloud microphysics and aerosol over coastal Antarctica during the MAC campaign
Authors: O'Shea Sebastian J. , Choularton Thomas W. , Flynn Michael , Bower Keith N. , Gallagher Martin , Crosier Jonathan , Williams Paul , Crawford Ian , Fleming Zoë L. , Listowski Constantino , Kirchgaessner Amélie , Ladkin Russell S. , Lachlan-Cope Thomas
Published: November 2017

Abstract. During austral summer 2015, the Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC) field campaign collected unique and detailed airborne and ground-based in situ measurements of cloud and aerosol properties over coastal Antarctica and the Weddell Sea. This paper presents the first results from the experiment and discusses the key processes important in this region, which is critical to predicting future climate change. The sampling was predominantly of stratus clouds, at temperatures between −20 and 0 °C. These clouds were dominated by supercooled liquid water droplets, which had a median concentration of 113 cm−3 and an interquartile range of 86 cm−3. Both cloud liquid water content and effective radius increased closer to cloud top. The cloud droplet effective radius increased from 4 ± 2 µm near cloud base to 8 ± 3 µm near cloud top. Cloud ice particle concentrations were highly variable with the ice tending to occur in small, isolated patches. Below approximately 1000 m, glaciated cloud regions were more common at higher temperatures; however, the clouds were still predominantly liquid throughout. When ice was present at temperatures higher than −10 °C, secondary ice production most likely through the Hallett–Mossop mechanism led to ice concentrations 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the number predicted by commonly used primary ice nucleation parameterisations. The drivers of the ice crystal variability are investigated. No clear dependence on the droplet size distribution was found. The source of first ice in the clouds remains uncertain but may include contributions from biogenic particles, blowing snow or other surface ice production mechanisms. The concentration of large aerosols (diameters 0.5 to 1.6 µm) decreased with altitude and were depleted in air masses that originated over the Antarctic continent compared to those more heavily influenced by the Southern Ocean and sea ice regions. The dominant aerosol in the region was hygroscopic in nature, with the hygroscopicity parameter κ having a median value for the campaign of 0.66 (interquartile range of 0.38). This is consistent with other remote marine locations that are dominated by sea salt/sulfate.
Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Air Measured by Conventional Passive and Passive Dry Deposition Samplers and Contributions from Petcoke and Oil Sands Ore
Authors: Jariyasopit Narumol , Zhang Yifeng , Martin Jonathan W. , Harner Tom
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Conventional passive air samplers (PAS) and passive dry deposition (PAS-DD) samplers were deployed along a 90 km south-north transect at five sites in the Athabasca oil sands region during October to November 2015. The purpose was to compare and characterize the performance of the two passive sampling methods for targeted compounds across a range of site types. Samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). ΣPAC and ΣNPAH concentrations were highest in PAS and PAS-DD samplers at site AMS5, which is the closest sampling site to surface mining and upgrading facilities. The OPAHs were elevated at site AMS6, which is located in the town of Fort McMurray, approximately 30 km south of the main mining area. The PAS-DD was enriched relative to the PAS in particle associated target chemicals, which is consistent with the relatively more open design of the PAS-DD intended to capture particle- (and gas-phase) deposition. Petroleum coke (petcoke) (i.e. the carbonaceous by-product of bitumen upgrading) and oil sands ore (i.e. the material mined in open pit mines from which bitumen is extracted) were assessed for their potential to be a source of PACs to air in the oil sands region. The ore samples contained ~ 8 times and ~ 40 times higher ΣPACs concentrations (dry weight basis) than delayed and fluid petcoke, respectively. The residue analysis of ore and petcoke samples also revealed that the chemical 4-nitrobiphenyl (4-NBP) can be used to track gas-phase emissions to air. A comparison of chemical residues in ore, petcoke and air samples revealed that the ore is likely a major contributor to volatile PACs present in air and that both ore and petcoke are contributing to the particle-associated PACs in air near open pit mining areas. The contribution of petcoke particles in passive air samples was also confirmed qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Global height-resolved methane retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp
Authors: Siddans Richard , Knappett Diane , Kerridge Brian , Waterfall Alison , Hurley Jane , Latter Barry , Boesch Hartmut , Parker Robert
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper describes the global height-resolved methane (CH4) retrieval scheme for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp, developed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The scheme precisely fits measured spectra in the 7.9 micron region to allow information to be retrieved on two independent layers centred in the upper and lower troposphere. It also uses nitrous oxide (N2O) spectral features in the same spectral interval to directly retrieve effective cloud parameters to mitigate errors in retrieved methane due to residual cloud and other geophysical variables. The scheme has been applied to analyse IASI measurements between 2007 and 2015. Results are compared to model fields from the MACC greenhouse gas inversion and independent measurements from satellite (GOSAT), airborne (HIPPO) and ground (TCCON) sensors. The estimated error on methane mixing ratio in the lower- and upper-tropospheric layers ranges from 20 to 100 and from 30 to 40 ppbv, respectively, and error on the derived column-average ranges from 20 to 40 ppbv. Vertical sensitivity extends through the lower troposphere, though it decreases near to the surface. Systematic differences with the other datasets are typically  < 10 ppbv regionally and  < 5 ppbv globally. In the Southern Hemisphere, a bias of around 20 ppbv is found with respect to MACC, which is not explained by vertical sensitivity or found in comparison of IASI to TCCON. Comparisons to HIPPO and MACC support the assertion that two layers can be independently retrieved and provide confirmation that the estimated random errors on the column- and layer-averaged amounts are realistic. The data have been made publically available via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) data archive (Siddans, 2016).
Calcium carbonates: induced biomineralization with controlled macromorphology
Authors: Meier Aileen , Kastner Anne , Harries Dennis , Wierzbicka-Wieczorek Maria , Majzlan Juraj , Büchel Georg , Kothe Erika
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Biomineralization of (magnesium) calcite and vaterite by bacterial isolates has been known for quite some time. However, the extracellular precipitation has hardly ever been linked to different morphologies of the minerals that are observed. Here, isolates from limestone-associated groundwater, rock and soil were shown to form calcite, magnesium calcite or vaterite. More than 92 % of isolates were indeed able to form carbonates, while abiotic controls failed to form minerals. The crystal morphologies varied, including rhombohedra, prisms and pyramid-like macromorphologies. Different conditions like varying temperature, pH or media components, but also cocultivation to test for collaborative effects of sympatric bacteria, were used to differentiate between mechanisms of calcium carbonate formation. Single crystallites were cemented with bacterial cells; these may have served as nucleation sites by providing a basic pH at short distance from the cells. A calculation of potential calcite formation of up to 2 g L−1 of solution made it possible to link the microbial activity to geological processes.