bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Norms and Lexical Frequency Shape U.S. Bilingual Children’s Subject Pronoun Expression
Authors: Lease Sarah , Shin Naomi L. , Bird-Brown Emily
Published: November 2022

This study explores variable Spanish subject pronoun expression (e.g., yo veo ~ veo) in Spanish-English speaking children in different regions of the United States (U.S.): Los Angeles (LA), California, and the Tri-Cities area of the state of Washington. We also compare the U.S. children to monolingual Spanish-speaking children in Mexico. Binary logistic regression analyses of 2,064 verb tokens produced by nine U.S. children and nine children in Mexico, ages 5;11 to 7 years old, show that the children are sensitive to linguistic factors that typically influence children’s Spanish subject pronoun expression in their respective communities. In addition, we find that the LA children’s subject pronoun expression is predicted by lexical frequency. A subsequent analysis of the LA children’s frequent verbs uncovers two phrases with high degrees of prefabrication, yo creo and yo no sé, which, we argue, obscure the LA children’s sensitivity to Reference, all while acting as central exemplars of a [1sg+cognitive verb] construction.
Ijtihād in Putin’s Russia? Signature Fatwas from Moscow and Kazan
Authors: Kemper Michael
Published: November 2022

The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global links that surface from their source bases. DUMRT’s taqlīd, or imitation, of elements of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law is contrasted with DUMRF’s program of ijtihād. DUMRF’s claims to ijtihād, wasaṭiyya and minority fiqh are tested by the analysis of controversial fatwas about marriage, conversion, and divorce in Russia. This paper introduces the term “signature fatwa” to denote fatwas that are meant to demonstrate the particular identity of a given muftiate, and that serve as a tool for its political positioning vis-à-vis the Kremlin, other fatwa-producers, and the Muslim communities. The present contribution addresses scholars of Islam in Eastern Europe as well as students of Islamic law in Muslim minority situations, including in the European Union.
Is the Sin of Jehu the Fault of the Deuteronomist?
Authors: Kató Szabolcs-Ferencz
Published: November 2022

In recent years an increasing scepticism has arisen concerning the Deuteronomistic character of the Book of the Four (Hos, Amos, Mic, Zeph). Many themes and motifs have been regarded as “inspired” by or “oriented” towards the Deut and DtrH, but not exclusively Dtr. redaction. Hosea 1*, the beginning of the composition, however, has been neglected in this respect. Unlike 2 Kgs 9–10, which reflects a positive view of Jehu’s fulfilment of Yhwh’s command at Jezreel, Hos 1 condemns him for the bloodguilt at the same place. The discrepancy is often explained through different theological backgrounds. In contrast, this article shows that both thematically (the end of the Jehuites) and in terms of phraseology (“harlotry,” idioms with the noun “blood,” “bow,” symbolic use of the verb “lift up,” nouns belonging to the semantic field of riding), there is a close literary connection between Hos 1* and 2 Kgs 9–10. Thus, for good reasons Hos 1* can be considered Dtr.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Talanema ibericum sp. n. (Dorylaimida, Qudsianematidae) from southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes , Cortés Nazareth , García-Ruiz Miriam , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: November 2022

A new species of the genus Talanema, T. ibericum sp. n., collected in natural areas of southeastern Iberian Peninsula, is characterised, including morphological description, line, LM and SEM illustrations, and molecular (18S, D2-D3 28S rDNA sequences) study. The new species is distinguished by its 1.27-1.59 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 14-16.5 μm wide with perioral liplets, odontostyle 16.5-19.5 μm long, neck 285-359 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 42-48% of the total neck length, uterus tripartite and 147-228 μm long or 2.6-4.0 body diam., vulva transverse (V = 53-59), presence of cuticular irregularities at both sides of vulva, female tail conical with a dorsal concavity (27-40 μm, c = 36-54, c′ = 1.0-1.3), male tail short and rounded conoid (24 μm, c = 66, c′ = 0.8), spicules 58 μm long, and 17 almost contiguous ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Morphological and molecular data reveal that the new species is similar to (but easily separable from) T. baqrii, with which it is compared. Present results support the monophyly of the genus Talanema.
The Right to Political Participation of Ethnic Minority Women in Vietnam
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hong , Thang Nguyen Toan
Published: November 2022

Political participation is one of the fundamental human rights widely recognised in core United Nations international human rights treaties. As an active and responsible member of the international community, Vietnam has continuously endeavoured to enforce international commitments and create a legal environment for the equal enjoyment of the political rights of all people, particularly women. However, given the gender characteristics and social stereotypes that have existed for many generations, ethnic minority women and girls are always at a disadvantage within the family and outside society. They face discrimination and compound inequality – both on the grounds of ethnicity and gender – in their living environment. It affects their accessibility, participation and enjoyment of their rights, including the right to participate in politics. This article will study the compatibility between international law and Vietnam’s policies in ensuring the political rights of ethnic minority women. It also identifies barriers to the enjoyment of their right to political power and makes recommendations to improve ethnic women’s position and voice in political life.
Continuity and Change in Modern Nahuatl Word Formation
Authors: Gruda Szymon
Published: November 2022

The paper presents an analysis of Nahuatl coinages for six artifacts: ‘bicycle,’ ‘car,’ ‘clock,’ ‘key,’ ‘pen,’ and ‘umbrella,’ as attested in interviews with speakers from four communities in Mexico. These artifacts have been selected because of their shared characteristics: the terms for them do not belong to the core vocabulary; they tend to be referred to with Spanish loanwords or with terms created ad hoc using descriptive phrases; the non-borrowed terminology for them is highly varied. The analysis reveals that, despite the ongoing process of language shift and pervasive borrowing from Spanish, new terminology continues to be created in Nahuatl both innovatively and according to established patterns of word formation inherited from previous stages of language contact. This suggests that even a situation of language marginalization, displacement and massive substitutive borrowing, does not impair speakers’ ability to create new lexemes according to established patterns, or the ability to innovate morphosemantic patterns.
Life and death according to the ‘episteme’ of the fort
Authors: Powell Amy Knight
Published: November 2022

In Amy Powell’s essay social death’ offers a prism through which to analyse the said painting and specifically what it conceals – namely, the bodies of Black Africans sold into the transatlantic slave trade from storerooms located immediately beneath the sumptuous chamber depicted here. Wilre, portrayed as director of the WIC at the Dutch fort of Elmina on the ‘gold coast’ of West Africa, profited hugely from this trade even as he obfuscated the source of his wealth in images like this portrait. Powell’s analysis asks us to consider how those basement storerooms, and victims of the slave trade they contained, are ever present in De Wit’s painting, even as they are not figuratively represented. Her reading of two pictures within this picture draws attention to those who have suffered social death. The embedded pictures appear to reflect back to aspects of Wilre’s experience at Elmina as well as the impossibility of fully seeing the bodies marked, dismembered, and ultimately annihilated through the slave trade.
Mirrors of the good death
Authors: Philippe Elise
Published: November 2022

The choir of Saint Bavo’s Cathedral in Ghent boasts one of the most prestigious ensembles of Baroque funerary sculpture in the Low Countries: four magnificent episcopal tombs that reflect the post-Tridentine élan in the Southern Netherlands and underline the reinforced position of bishops during the Counter-Reformation. Dominated by a unifying black and white colour scheme, these monuments form an ‘episcopal dynastic mausoleum’ following the model of groups of royal tombs. Besides commemorating the bishops and highlighting their prestige, the tombs also served to adorn the cathedral and thus glorify God and his Church. Philippe argues that the monuments had didactic purposes too, rooted in the theory of the teaching of post-Tridentine images and linked to the Ars moriendi tradition. By presenting the bishops as exemplars of Catholic piety, this sculptural ensemble encouraged viewers to seek a good death.
Mourning the Prince of Orange
Authors: Schwartz Anna Lisa
Published: November 2022

Anna Lisa Schwartz analyses the rites and expressions surrounding the death and funeral of Prince Willem IV on 22 October 1751. Schwartz’s essay clearly illustrates that the Protestant Reformation did not see an end to lavish funeral ceremonies, funerary decorations, or mourning chapels. Willem died a stadtholder of all seven provinces of the Dutch Republic, a position he had achieved only four years before as the first scion of both branches of the Nassau dynasty (the Frisian and the Orange). Schwartz examines a plethora of visual and literary expressions: the decorations of the mourning hall; the catafalque; and funerary poems, medals, and books, the latter containing both descriptions and etchings of all funeral ceremonies. Tellingly, visual references were made to obsequies of Willem’s predecessors belonging to the Orange branch: its founder, William the Silent; his sons Maurits and Frederik Hendrik; and Willem’s predecessor, the king-stadtholder Willem III.
The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan
Authors: TOJIBAEV KOMILJON , DEKHKONOV DAVRON , ERGASHOV IBROKHIMJON , SUN HANG , DENG TAO , YUSUPOV ZIYOVIDDIN
Published: November 2022

Uzbekistan is widely regarded as one of the most diversified sources of the species of Tulipa L. The present study provides the synopsis of the genus Tulipa in this area. According to literature reviews and field surveys, this genus includes 33 species (34 taxa) distributed in Uzbekistan. In this paper, more than 3,500 herbarium specimens deposited in the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH), Komarov Botanical Institute St. Petersburg, Russia (LE), Moscow State University, Russia (MW), Herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction in Almaty, Kazakhstan (AA) and Herbarium of the Institute of Biology in Bishkek (FRU) were utilized to provide comprehensive genus coverage. The evaluation of their distribution and taxonomic classification were described. The taxonomical analyses, diagnostic keys at sectional and species levels as well as morphologic illustrations of most species distributed in Uzbekistan are provided.
Neohormodochis septispora gen. et sp. nov. (Stictidaceae) from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: WEI DE-PING , GENTEKAKI ELENI , WANASINGHE DHANUSHKA N. , HYDE KEVIN D. , TO-ANUN CHAIWAT , CHEEWANGKOON RATCHADAWAN
Published: November 2022

Stictidaceae has ubiquitous distribution and its members inhabit a wide range of hosts and substrates. However, many genera in this family are represented by a limited number of species and molecular data is lacking for those old genera. Documentation and description of new species is necessary to bring insight into the natural classification of Stictidaceae. An investigation of microfungi in Yunnan Province, China led to the discovery of the novel genus et species, Neohormodochis septispora based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic characterization of combined LSU, ITS, mtSSU and RPB2 sequnces. White-pruinose conidiomata, crystalline conidiomatal wall, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and dominantly sepate conidia arranged in branched chain characterize the novel genus. The phylogenetic placement of Dendroseptoria was uncertain and in this study, we confirmed its placement in Stictidaceae based on the phylogenetic affiliation of D. mucilaginosa.
Rediscovery of Phlogacanthus jenkinsii (Acanthaceae) from India after 140 years
Authors: MAITY ROHAN , SAWMLIANA MAL , DASH SUDHANSU SEKHAR
Published: November 2022

Phlogacanthus jenkinsii C.B. Clarke (Acanthaceae: Andrographideae), a poorly known species in India, is recollected after 140 years from Mizoram. A detailed taxonomic description along with a photo plate, illustration and comparative diagnostic characters with closely allied species are provided in the present communication.
Characteristics of Al & Ti oxide-thin films for thermal solar energy selective absorption applications
Authors: Abouarab H. , El-Mahallawi I. , Kassry A. , Abd El-Fattah H.
Published: November 2022

Controlled oxidation of sputtered layers of Ti and Al results oxide layers with nano-sized thickness comparable to thermal solar selective absorber layers. In this work, RF magnetron sputtering was used to obtain thin layers of Al and Ti on substrates of stainless steels (St. St). Deposited
thin films were oxidized at 400 °C and 800 °C for 4 hours and 1 hour, respectively. The as-deposited Ti, and Al layers were air–oxidized and their optical absorbance and emittance were studied. Microstructure, surface topography, structure and new phases formed after oxidation
were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thin films optical properties were investigated by spectrophotometer & Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The new microstructures exhibited a dual metallic
and oxide nature. Deposited thin film of Ti had maximum absorbance and lowest emittance about 90% and 1.8% respectively; while after oxidation, the deposited layers changed their selective absorbance pattern. The absorbance values increased, and the emittance values decreased for all wave
lengths in the infrared (IR) range. The effect of the oxidation process of both Ti thin film and Al thin film was compared. The Al thin film showed lower absorbance in as-deposited and oxidized states.
Core Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Aysan Erhan , Guler Beril , Kiran Tugce , Idiz Ufuk O.
Published: November 2022

Background

Core needle biopsy (CNB) is a relatively new technique for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, and there are currently no large clinical series available. CNB results from 3000 cases are presented in this article.

Methods

A spring-loaded 20-gauge needle was used for CNB under local anesthesia and ultrasonography guidance for 3000 patients with nodular goiter (584 males, 2416 females, mean age: 48.5). One physician performed all biopsy procedures without conducting on-site pathological examinations.

Results

There were non-diagnostic 22 (.7%), benign 2620 (87.4%), atypia of undetermined significance and/or, follicular lesion of undetermined significance 90 (3%), follicular neoplasms and/or suspicious for follicular neoplasm 53 (1.7%), suspicious for malignancy 160 (5.4%), and malignant 55 (1.8%) cases. The CNB procedure was repeated in 19 non-diagnostic cases, and 17 of these patients were benign and two had malignancy. Thyroidectomy was performed on patients who had malign CNB results. All final pathology reports, except for one, were malignant for the patients who had malignant CNB results. The specificity and the sensitivity of CNB were found to be 99.9% and 100%, respectively. There were no serious complications.

Conclusion

In thyroid nodules, core needle biopsy is a highly sensitive, specific, and reliable method that could be performed by a single physician. It does not require on-site pathological analysis and has a low incidence of complications and non-diagnostic rates.
A theologian is one who prays
Authors: Bingaman Brock
Published: November 2022

This essay honors the legacy of Mark McIntosh. Mark was passionate about the unity between theology and spirituality. In his scholarship and teaching, Mark focused on the unified endeavors of speaking about God and living in vital relationship with God. Rooted in the biblical and patristic traditions, Mark’s work reinforced the notion that “a theologian is one who prays.” Addressing the problem of the division between theology and spirituality, Mark utilized the work of Hans Urs von Balthasar, Vladimir Lossky, and others to propose constructive solutions. Mark’s work will continue to inspire theologians to labor for theology that expresses an inner experience of the truth.
COVID-19 Scientific Publications From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2020–January 2022
Authors: Meites Elissa , Knuth Martha , Hall Kaely , Dawson Patrick , Wang Teresa W. , Wright Marcienne , Yu Wei , Senesie Schabbethai , Stephenson Elizabeth , Imachukwu Chukwuebuka , Sayi Takudzwa , Gurbaxani Brian , Svendsen Erik R. , Khoury Muin J. , Ellis Barbara , King Brian A.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

High-quality scientific evidence underpins public health decision making. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) agency provides scientific data, including during public health emergencies. To understand CDC’s contributions to COVID-19 science, we conducted a bibliometric evaluation of publications authored by CDC scientists from January 20, 2020, through January 20, 2022, by using a quality improvement approach (SQUIRE 2.0).

Methods:

We catalogued COVID-19 articles with ≥1 CDC-affiliated author published in a scientific journal and indexed in the World Health Organization’s COVID-19 database. We identified priority topic areas from the agency’s COVID-19 Public Health Science Agenda by using keyword scripts in EndNote and then assessed the impact of the published articles by using Scopus and Altmetric.

Results:

During the first 2 years of the agency’s pandemic response, CDC authors contributed to 1044 unique COVID-19 scientific publications in 208 journals. Publication topics included testing (n = 853, 82%); prevention strategies (n = 658, 63%); natural history, transmission, breakthrough infections, and reinfections (n = 587, 56%); vaccines (n = 567, 54%); health equity (n = 308, 30%); variants (n = 232, 22%); and post–COVID-19 conditions (n = 44, 4%). Publications were cited 40 427 times and received 81 921 news reports and 1 058 893 social media impressions. As the pandemic evolved, CDC adapted to address new scientific questions, including vaccine effectiveness, safety, and access; viral variants, including Delta and Omicron; and health equity.

Conclusion:

The agency’s COVID-19 Public Health Science Agenda helped guide impactful scientific activities. CDC continues to evaluate COVID-19 priority topic areas and contribute to development of new scientific work. CDC is committed to monitoring emerging issues and addressing gaps in evidence needed to improve health.
Agassi and Popper on Nationalism – and Beyond
Authors: Hacohen Malachi
Published: November 2022

Popper and Agassi diverged on nationalism. Popper was a trenchant critic whereas Agassi formed a theory of liberal nationalism. At the root of their disagreement was Popper’s refusal of Jewish identity and rejection of Zionism, in contrast with Agassi’s affirmation of progressive Jewishness and liberal Zionism. Both Agassi and Popper, however, rejected ethnonationalism. To hedge against it, they ignored the claims of ethnocultural communities. This essay will highlight Agassi’s liberal theory of the nation state but urge that we overcome Critical Rationalists’ instinctive aversion to ethnicity, and accommodate ethnocultural communities. We should also explore again both Popper’s democratic imperialism and cosmopolitan diasporas, to think a future beyond nationalism.
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Nasal Cavity and Orbit: A Case Report
Authors: Hong Yong Tae , Han Sola
Published: November 2022

Solitary fibrous tumors are well-recognized in the pleura and their occurrence in the nasal cavity is uncommon. They show a hemangiopericytoma-like vasculature, a “patternless pattern” of growth, and lesions characterized by both hypercellularity and hypocellularity. As a malignant form of SFT, mesenchymal neoplasm is extremely uncommon and poorly understood, although there are no established standards for making this diagnosis, it is nonetheless accepted. It can develop either de novo or within an already-existing benign SFT, and there are few published accounts of the cytopathologic characteristics of these tumors.

In this case, a patient complained of tenderness on the right nasal root and diplopia for six months. Here, we report on a case of malignant solitary fibrous tumors in the nasal cavity, which extended into the orbit, and review the radiologic and pathologic features.
A Giant Fronto-Ethmoidal Osteoma Presenting With Proptosis and Diplopia
Authors: Guclu Derya , Izgi Emine , Unlu Elif N. , Ogul Hayri
Published: November 2022

Osteomas are benign bone tumors commonly involving paranasal sinus walls. They are divided into three groups as ivory, mature, and mixed form. We reported demonstrative radiological features of an unusual case of giant osteoma presenting with proptosis and diplopia.
Three Cases of Hematoma in the Retropharyngeal Space
Authors: Sato Mitsuo P. , Otsuki Naoki , Koike Satoru , Yasumatsu Ryuji
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Hematoma in the retropharyngeal space (RPS) is a life-threatening condition that leads to rapid airway obstruction. However, the indication for airway management remains unclear. Additionally, the requirement for surgical hematoma evacuation remains undetermined. Therefore, we attempt to suggest some criteria for the management of hematoma in such cases.

Methods

We report three cases of hematoma in the RPS wherein one patient was treated without surgery and the other two underwent tracheotomy followed by hematoma evacuation.

Results

We found that airway management should be based on whether the glottis could be visible on laryngoscopy and dyspnea severity. The degree of hematoma, swelling, subcutaneous bleeding in the anterior neck, and emotional stability should also be considered. Proper management during the acute phase may allow for conservative treatments. Hematomas extending below the tracheal bifurcation may help ease upper airway obstruction due to pressure distribution, allowing for conservative treatment. When hematomas are surgically evacuated, tracheotomy should be performed simultaneously. Our report suggests that mediastinal hematoma evacuation could be avoided.

Conclusion

We should determine a therapeutic strategy for hematoma in RPS based on glottis visualization, patient’s condition, and extent of hematoma growth under careful observation.
Membranous Nasopharyngeal Stenosis: Case Report
Authors: Guclu Derya , Unlu Elif N. , Ogul Hayri
Published: November 2022

Nasopharyngeal stenosis is a rare condition and occurs usually secondary to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal surgery and radiotherapy. It may cause obstructive symptoms in patients and is diagnosed usually with nasopharyngoscopy. Treatment is difficult and requires different surgical techniques including balloon dilatation. Even after a successful surgery, recurrence is very common.
“I Could Have Stood a Little More Education Rather than Just: ‘Hey, you’re Diabetic Man, Make the Best out of It’”: Revisioning Diabetes Self-Management Education for Older Adults
Authors: Robertson Madison , Paré Geneviève C. , Costa Idevania , Alvarado Beatriz , Duhn Lenora , Plazas Pilar Camargo
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Providing diabetes self-management education (DSME) in an evidence-based format that is accessible and tailored to the population needs is crucial for individuals living with diabetes mellitus. Our qualitative study explores the experiences of older adults living with diabetes while residing in a rural setting. Methods: Adults aged 65 or older and residing in a rural area of Ontario completed a photovoice activity and semi-structured interviews to illustrate their experience of living with diabetes and accessing DSME. Results: Fourteen participants (11 males; mean age = 74 years) completed the photovoice activity and interview. Four main themes were identified pertaining to learning about diabetes education, the depth and breadth of learning, applying knowledge to daily life, and engaging older adults in DSME. Discussion: Diabetes self-management education should account for older adults’ preferences in learning about diabetes and self-management to promote access to evidence-based information, bolster knowledge and self-management efficacy, and improve disease control.
Enabling the control of reperfusion parameters in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: First applications of the CARL system
Authors: Philipp Alois , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Benk Christoph , Mueller Thomas , Lunz Dirk
Published: November 2022

Introduction

There is increasing evidence for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) as a rescue therapy for selected patients in refractory cardiac arrest (CA). Besides patient selection, the control of reperfusion parameters is of eminent importance. Especially in out-of-hospital CA, monitoring and individualized, targeted reperfusion remains a great challenge for emergency personnel. The CARL® system is designed to enable an early control of a variety of reperfusion parameters and to pursue a targeted reperfusion strategy in ECPR.

Case presentation

We report the first 10 ECPR applications of the CARL® system in Regensburg, Germany. Early blood gas analysis, oxygen titration and pressure monitoring were feasible and enabled an individualized and targeted reperfusion strategy in all patients. After suffering from refractory CA and prolonged resuscitation attempts, five out of the first 10 patients survived and were successfully discharged from the hospital (CPC one on hospital discharge).

Conclusion

Application of the CARL® system contributed to early monitoring and control of reperfusion parameters. Whether targeted ECPR may have the potential to improve outcomes in refractory OHCA remains the subject of future investigations.
Lack of ‘common sense’ in the climate change debate: Media behaviour and climate change awareness in the UK
Authors: Ruiu Maria Laura , Ruiu Gabriele , Ragnedda Massimo
Published: November 2022

Based on an online survey conducted among a representative sample in the United Kingdom ( n = 1013), this article investigates the role of traditional and new media in predicting climate change awareness. It suggests that individuals make choices under an ideological convincement that is organised within specific cultural and political-economic boundaries. It shows that the Gramscian concept of cultural hegemony is still valuable to make sense of an incessant process of formation and fragmentation of equilibria between social groups. Interpreting hegemony as a not totalitarian communicative process also suggests that the media represent a ground for counterhegemonies to flourish and trigger political transformation. This study constructs two indexes of both scepticism and advocacy of climate change by showing some traits of these two perspectives in the United Kingdom. It also shows that the division between sceptics and advocates’ convincement is not ‘black and white’, but a transitional space exists between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic forces.
Creating ‘safe spaces’: A qualitative study to explore enablers and barriers to culturally safe end-of-life care
Authors: Gott Merryn , Wiles Janine , Mason Kathleen , Moeke-Maxwell Tess
Published: November 2022

Background:

Internationally, efforts are being made to promote equity in palliative and end-of-life care for Indigenous peoples. There is a need to better understand the experiences of Indigenous service users and staff.

Aim:

To explore the views of Māori health practitioners and whānau (family group) caregivers regarding barriers and enablers to culturally safe palliative and end-of-life care.

Design:

A Kaupapa Māori qualitative study.

Setting/participants:

Interviews were conducted with 103 participants from four areas of the North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants comprised bereaved whānau (family) of Māori with a life limiting illness and Māori health practitioners.

Results:

Māori health practitioners undertake cultural and connecting work to promote culturally safe palliative and end-of-life care for Māori patients and their whānau. This work is time-consuming and emotionally and culturally demanding and, for most, unpaid and unrecognised. Non-Māori staff can support this work by familiarising themselves with te reo Māori (the Māori language) and respecting cultural care customs. However, achieving culturally safe end-of-life care necessitates fundamental structural change and shared decision-making.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that efforts to support equitable palliative care for Indigenous people should recognise, and support, the existing efforts of health practitioners from these communities. Colleagues from non-Indigenous populations can support this work in a range of ways. Cultural safety must be appropriately resourced and embedded within health systems if aspirations of equitable palliative and end-of-life care are to be realised.
Retinal periphlebitis associated with branch retinal vein occlusion and complicated by subfoveal hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: AlZaid Abdulrahman , Magliyah Moustafa , Saifaldein Amjad Ameen , AlBalawi Hani B , Mura Marco , Al-Dhibi Hassan
Published: November 2022

Retinal periphlebitis is a subtype of retinal vasculitis affecting the retinal veins. We report a case of bilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) associated with idiopathic retinal periphlebitis and complicated by subfoveal hemorrhage (SFH). An 18-year-old woman presented with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Examination revealed bilateral retinal vascular sheathing predominantly involving the retinal veins and bilateral BRVO. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed localized vascular leakage in the right eye and diffuse vascular leakage in the left eye. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed mild nasal thickening with subfoveal fluid in the left eye. Oral steroids were started on a tapering dosage as well as oral methotrexate. A year later, she presented with regressed vascular sheathing in both eyes with 5/200 vision and SFH in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator, intravitreal ranibizumab, laser photocoagulation, and gas injection were performed. The SFH resolved and the visual acuity improved to 20/100. Good vision was preserved in both eyes with no active inflammation. Timely management of SFH in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis can achieve a favorable visual outcome.
Modal-based attention modulates the redundant-signals effect: Role of unimodal target probability
Authors: Wang Xueli , Wu Yingnan , Xing Zepeng , Cui Xinzhong , Gao Min , Tang Xiaoyu
Published: November 2022

Multisensory integration includes two behavioral manifestations: the modality dominance effect and the redundant-signals effect (RSE). RSE is a multisensory improvement effect in which individuals respond more quickly and accurately to bimodal audiovisual (AV) targets than to unimodal auditory (A) or visual (V) targets. Previous studies have confirmed that RSE is the product of modality interactions between different modalities. The goal of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of the modality dominance manipulated by modal-based attention and unimodal target probability on RSE. The results showed that when paying attention to both the A and V modalities (Exp. 1), RSE was not significantly different between unimodal target probabilities. When selectively paying attention to the A modality (Exp. 2A), RSE was also not significantly different between unimodal target probabilities. However, when selectively paying attention to the V modality (Exp. 2B), the magnitude of RSE showed a significant decreasing trend with the increasing probability of V targets. Our study is the first to reveal that the unimodal target probability significantly modulates RSE in visual selective attention, and this modulatory effect of the unimodal target probability on RSE is opposite to the modulatory effect on the modality dominance effect.
Rates of Reporting and Analyzing Patient Sex in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sonnier John Hayden , Paul Ryan W. , Hall Anya T. , Johnson Emma E. , Connors Gregory , Freedman Kevin B. , Bishop Meghan E.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Sex differences in sports medicine are well documented. However, no studies to date have reviewed the rate at which sex is reported and analyzed in the athlete-specific orthopaedic sports medicine literature.

Purpose:

To determine the rates of reporting and analyzing patient sex in athlete-specific sports medicine literature.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Articles published by the 3 journals of the AOSSM ( American Journal of Sports Medicine [ AJSM], Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, and Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach) between 2017 and 2021 were considered for inclusion. Original sports medicine research studies that isolated athletes were included. Studies that isolated sports that are predominantly single sex at the college and/or professional levels (football, baseball, softball, and wrestling) were excluded.

Results:

Of the 5140 publications screened, 559 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 93.9% of all studies reported patient sex, and 34.7% of all studies analyzed patient sex. However, 143 studies only included males and 50 studies only included females (n = 193). When excluding these single-sex studies, analysis of the remaining 366 studies found that the rate of sex-specific analysis increased to 53.0%. Rates of reporting patient sex did not significantly differ by journal or by year. Similarly, rates of analyzing patient sex did not differ by year, but Sports Health analyzed sex the most frequently, and AJSM analyzed sex the least frequently ( P = .002). Studies that isolated college (84.1%), youth (66.7%), or recreational (52.6%) athletes analyzed sex at or above the overall rate of 53.0%, but studies of elite athletes (35.7%) tended to analyze sex less frequently.

Conclusion:

Patient sex is well reported in the athlete-specific sports medicine literature (93.9% of included studies reported sex), demonstrating that most studies include sex as a demographic variable. However, patient sex was analyzed only in 53.0% of studies that included both male and female patients. Given that athlete-specific sex differences are known to exist within the field of sports medicine, many studies that could benefit from using patient sex as a variable for analysis likely fail to do so.
High strain-rate and quasi-static mechanical characteristics of the natural rubber-based elastomer nanocomposite reinforced with alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Nouraei Mostafa , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Ahmadi Hamed , Bahramian Ahmad Reza , Taherzadeh-Fard Alireza , Vahid Samireh
Published: November 2022

The present study is devoted to investigating the mechanical characteristics of a novel natural rubber (NR)-based elastomer nanocomposite reinforced with carbon black and alumina nanoparticles acting as partial and primary reinforcements, respectively. Before conducting various mechanical tests on the specimens, the vulcanization properties of this elastomer nanocomposite was surveyed. It is demonstrated that adding the alumina nanoparticles to the NR-based elastomer matrix can significantly reduce the cure time and improve the quality of the vulcanizates. Then, the influence of alumina nanoparticles on the modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and energy absorption capacity of the elastomer nanocomposite were assessed, and the ideal nanoparticles’ weight percentage was determined to be 10%. This is supported by calculating the Reinforcing Efficiency Parameter (REP), indicating that the elastomer nanocomposite with 10% alumina has the best reinforcing efficiency in tensile properties. Also, using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), it was found that the material is exceptionally strain-rate sensitive, and the specimens exhibited much higher values of stiffness and energy absorption under high strain-rate loading. It is inferred from the results that the elastomer nanocomposite reinforced with the optimal amount of alumina nanoparticles can be an excellent candidate for energy absorption applications under high strain-rate loadings.
Lockdown Without Loss? A Natural Experiment of Net Payoffs from COVID-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Tellis Gerard J. , Sood Ashish , Nair Sajeev , Sood Nitish
Published: November 2022

Lacking a federal policy to control the spread of COVID-19, state governors ordered lockdowns and mask mandates, at different times, generating a massive natural experiment. The authors exploit this natural experiment to address four issues: (1) Were lockdowns effective in reducing infections? (2) What were the costs to consumers? (3) Did lockdowns increase (signaling effect) or reduce (substitution effect) consumers’ mask adoption? (4) Did governors’ decisions depend on medical science or nonmedical drivers? Analyses via difference-in-differences and generalized synthetic control methods indicate that lockdowns causally reduced infections. Although lockdowns reduced infections by 480 per million consumers per day (equivalent to a reduction of 56%), they reduced customer satisfaction by 2.2%, consumer spending by 7.5%, and gross domestic product by 5.4% and significantly increased unemployment by 2% per average state by the end of the observation period. A counterfactual analysis shows that a nationwide lockdown on March 15, 2020, would have reduced total cases by 60%, whereas the absence of any state lockdowns would have resulted in five times more cases by April 30. The average cost of reducing the number of cases by one new infection was about $28,000 in lower gross domestic product.
Evening Light Intensity and Phase Delay of the Circadian Clock in Early Childhood
Authors: Hartstein Lauren E. , Diniz Behn Cecilia , Wright Kenneth P. , Akacem Lameese D. , Stowe Shelby R. , LeBourgeois Monique K.
Published: November 2022

Late sleep timing is prevalent in early childhood and a risk factor for poor behavioral and health outcomes. Sleep timing is influenced by the phase of the circadian clock, with later circadian timing linked to delayed sleep onset in young children. Light is the strongest zeitgeber of circadian timing and, in adults, evening light produces circadian phase delay in an intensity-dependent manner. The intensity-dependent circadian phase-shifting response to evening light in children, however, is currently unknown. In the present study, 33 healthy, good-sleeping children aged 3.0 to 4.9 years (M = 4.14 years, 39% male) completed a 10-day between-subjects protocol. Following 7 days of a stable sleep schedule, an in-home dim-light circadian assessment was performed. Children remained in dim-light across 3 days (55 h), with salivary melatonin collected in regular intervals throughout each evening. Phase-shifting effects of light exposure were determined via changes in the timing of the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) prior to (Day 8) and following (Day 10) a light exposure stimulus. On Day 9, children were exposed to a 1 h light stimulus in the hour before their habitual bedtime. Each child was randomly assigned to one intensity between 5 and 5000 lux (4.5-3276 melanopic EDI). Across light intensities, children showed significant circadian phase delays, with an average phase delay of 56.1 min (SD = 33.6 min), and large inter-individual variability. No relationship between light intensity and magnitude of the phase shift was observed. However, a greater percentage of melatonin suppression during the light exposure was associated with a greater phase delay ( r = −0.73, p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that some young children may be highly sensitive to light exposure in the hour before bedtime and suggest that the home lighting environment and its impact on circadian timing should be considered a possible contributor to behavioral sleep difficulties.
Predictors of Cyberbystander Intervention Among Adolescents
Authors: Aliberti Maria , Jenkins Lyndsay , Monk Malaya
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between personal characteristics and the steps of the bystander intervention model (i.e., notice, interpret as emergency, accept responsibility, know how to intervene, and act) applied to cyberbullying. Examining bystander intervention as discrete steps instead of the single act has advantages for training individuals to intervene when they observe these acts of interpersonal violence. The five-step bystander intervention model has been applied to examine bystander intervention in traditional bullying, sexual assault, and drinking behavior, but not cyberbullying. In this study, we examine how specific personal characteristics (social support, social-emotional wellness, cognitive empathy, and affective empathy) are related to each step of the model. Data on students’ perceptions of these characteristics and their engagement in the five-step model were collected from 872 sixth-grade through twelfth-grade students ages 11 to 18 in the southeastern area of the United States. Using multi-group path analysis, associations between the characteristics and steps were examined for boys and girls separately. Results indicated that social support was significantly associated with step 2 (interpreting as an emergency), step 4 (know how to intervene), and step 5 (acting). Affective empathy was significantly associated with the first four steps of the model. Social-emotional wellness was only significantly associated with step 1 and cognitive empathy was not significantly associated with any of the steps. These results suggest that it may be important to emphasize positive relationships, affective empathy, and social support for interventions primarily directed at reducing cyberbullying. Training adolescents to intervene in cyberbullying and also to increase these characteristics is important to consider.
Becoming HOPEless in the 2-Year Sector
Authors: González Canché Manuel S.
Published: November 2022

Becoming HOPEless in the 2-year sector addresses the question: what happens when a state-wide policy removes merit-based financial aid from low-income students making satisfactory academic progress? To assess the magnitude of this HOPEless effect, we compared credits attempted, attained, and persistence and graduation indicators of HOPEless students against the outcomes of their not targeted/affected peers. Relying on multiple quasi-experimental analytic techniques (difference in differences [DD], DD in differences, Fuzzy regression discontinuity, and multi-treatment propensity score weighting), two mutually exclusive analytic samples (one longitudinal and one cross-sectional), and over one million observations across four academic years (2009–2010 to 2012–2013), we consistently found that HOPEless students realized worse outcomes and even persisted fewer terms/semesters than students on academic probation. The State saved about $150 million in lottery money (largely funded by lower-income households) but did so at the expense of 665,192 credit hours that would have been attained by HOPEless (low-income) students.
Comparison of wheel wear models for the simulation of railway wheels subjected to plastic deformation
Authors: Tian JH , Lu XX , Yang Q , Zhang Z , Ma GL , Bowen CR
Published: November 2022

In this paper, using bi-linear, multi-linear, and non-linear plastic strain models, the applicability of four typical wear models is studied to assess rail wheel wear, which include the Archard, Pearce, Usfd, and Braghin models. Firstly, the instantaneous wear of four models is calculated within a contact area, and an equivalent wear coefficient is used to express the proportional relationship between wear models quantitatively. A uniform expression of the wear models has been derived analytically, and the instantaneous wear rate based on the different wear models is evaluated under harmonic excitation. The rapid wear rate fluctuation for different wear models is then calculated under harmonic excitation, and the influence of speed on the wear fluctuation is studied. The results show that the four wear models have a similar result in calculating the instantaneous wear. In addition, the frequency characteristics of excitation can be accurately reflected in a general sense, and the degree of fluctuation is similar. However, the wear model does not fit the bi-linear plastic model well. It is observed that speed significantly affects the frequency and amplitude of wear fluctuation, the wear model can adapt well to the plastic model at high speed, and the wear depth increases with an increase in speed. This work has demonstrated that the wear model has poor adaptability with the bi-linear plastic model but can be successfully combined with multi-linear and non-linear plastic models to predict rail wheel wear during plastic deformation.
A fast identification method of train axle crack parameters based on semi-inverse Kriging method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Huang Yan , Dong Dawei , Yan Bing , Hua Chunrong
Published: November 2022

On-line monitoring of crack parameters can prevent axle breaking accidents and potentially disastrous consequences, while satisfying the requirement of the damage tolerance, and improving the economy in operation. A fast and reliable crack parameters identification method is required for on-line monitoring of a large number of axles. Based on the response surface characteristics of crack position and depth at two sensors, a new method is proposed adopting two Kriging surrogate models constructed by the 2xRev values of vibration signals from two measurement points. Firstly, by exchanging part of inputs and outputs, a semi-inverse Kriging model is constructed to obtain a crack equivalent line. Then, the crack equivalent line is projected on another Kriging model as the convergence path, which is the key step transforming a two-objective optimization problem into a one-dimensional searching problem. Finally, an improved dichotomy method is used to obtain the result, by which the total number of steps and the calculation time is controlled on the premise of ensuring accuracy. Different from current multi-objective optimization algorithms searching with parallel computing, the proposed method reduces the number of parameters and searching model space to be one, belonging to serial computing. The comparison to other methods shows excellent features in computing speed and stability, and the experiment was implemented on a double-disk rotor system with similar structure to a wheelset, validating the proposed methodology.