bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of InterPulsed TIG Welding Parameters on the Evolution of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Su-718 Alloy Sheets
Authors: Sonar Tushar , Balasubramanian Visvalingam , Malarvizhi Sudersanan , Venkateswaran Thiruvenkatam , Sivakumar Dhenuvakonda
Published: April 2021

Superalloy 718 (Su-718) is a high-performance nickel-based alloy typically employed in high-temperature applications of aero-engine components. It is mostly joined by the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process for clean and precise joints. However, the joints are more prone to premature failure owing to the metallurgical problems during solidification, such as constitutional segregation in the fusion zone (FZ) and microfissuring in the heat affected zone (HAZ). To overcome these problems, in this investigation, a recently emerged InterPulsed TIG (IP-TIG) welding process was utilized for joining Su-718 alloy. It is the advanced variant of the TIG welding process principally differentiated by electromagnetic condensation of the arc and high-frequency pulsation up to 20 kHz. The primary objective of this study is to make the potential use of electromagnetic condensation of the arc and pulsation for minimizing the Laves phase growth in FZ and enhancing the tensile strength of joints. To achieve this, the effect of IP-TIG welding parameters on evolution of the microstructure and tensile properties of Su-718 alloy joints is investigated and the results are analyzed in detail in this paper. The analysis of microstructural features was done using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. The influence of Laves phase morphology on the strength and elongation of joints is revealed and correlated to the fracture surface. The principal mechanism responsible for changes in microstructural features and consequential influence on tensile behavior of joints is explained briefly and correlated to the cooling rate and heat input conditions during welding.
Modular Network between Postrhinal Visual Cortex, Amygdala, and Entorhinal Cortex
Authors: Meier Andrew M. , Wang Quanxin , Ji Weiqing , Ganachaud Jehan , Burkhalter Andreas
Published: April 2021

The postrhinal area (POR) is a known center for integrating spatial with nonspatial visual information and a possible hub for influencing landmark navigation by affective input from the amygdala. This may involve specific circuits within muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2)-positive (M2+) or M2–modules of POR that associate inputs from the thalamus, cortex, and amygdala, and send outputs to the entorhinal cortex. Using anterograde and retrograde labeling with conventional and viral tracers in male and female mice, we found that all higher visual areas of the ventral cortical stream project to the amygdala, while such inputs are absent from primary visual cortex and dorsal stream areas. Unexpectedly for the presumed salt-and-pepper organization of mouse extrastriate cortex, tracing results show that inputs from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral posterior nucleus were spatially clustered in layer 1 (L1) and overlapped with M2+patches of POR. In contrast, input from the amygdala to L1 of POR terminated in M2–interpatches. Importantly, the amygdalocortical input to M2–interpatches in L1 overlapped preferentially with spatially clustered apical dendrites of POR neurons projecting to amygdala and entorhinal area lateral, medial (ENTm). The results suggest that subnetworks in POR, used to build spatial maps for navigation, do not receive direct thalamocortical M2+patch-targeting inputs. Instead, they involve local networks of M2–interpatches, which are influenced by affective information from the amygdala and project to ENTm, whose cells respond to visual landmark cues for navigation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central purpose of visual object recognition is identifying the salience of objects and approaching or avoiding them. However, it is not currently known how the visual cortex integrates the multiple streams of information, including affective and navigational cues, which are required to accomplish this task. We find that in a higher visual area, the postrhinal cortex, the cortical sheet is divided into interdigitating modules receiving distinct inputs from visual and emotion-related sources. One of these modules is preferentially connected with the amygdala and provides outputs to entorhinal cortex, constituting a processing stream that may assign emotional salience to objects and landmarks for the guidance of goal-directed navigation.
Altered Heterosynaptic Plasticity Impairs Visual Discrimination Learning in Adenosine A1 Receptor Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Chasse Renee , Malyshev Alexey , Fitch Roslyn Holly , Volgushev Maxim
Published: April 2021

Theoretical and modeling studies demonstrate that heterosynaptic plasticity—changes at synapses inactive during induction—facilitates fine-grained discriminative learning in Hebbian-type systems, and helps to achieve a robust ability for repetitive learning. A dearth of tools for selective manipulation has hindered experimental analysis of the proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in behavior. Here we circumvent this obstacle by testing specific predictions about the behavioral consequences of the impairment of heterosynaptic plasticity by experimental manipulations to adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs). Our prior work demonstrated that the blockade of adenosine A1 receptors impairs heterosynaptic plasticity in brain slices and, when implemented in computer models, selectively impairs repetitive learning on sequential tasks. Based on this work, we predict that A1R knock-out (KO) mice will express (1) impairment of heterosynaptic plasticity and (2) behavioral deficits in learning on sequential tasks. Using electrophysiological experiments in slices and behavioral testing of animals of both sexes, we show that, compared with wild-type controls, A1R KO mice have impaired synaptic plasticity in visual cortex neurons, coupled with significant deficits in visual discrimination learning. Deficits in A1R knockouts were seen specifically during relearning, becoming progressively more apparent with learning on sequential visual discrimination tasks of increasing complexity. These behavioral results confirm our model predictions and provide the first experimental evidence for a proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in organism-level learning. Moreover, these results identify heterosynaptic plasticity as a new potential target for interventions that may help to enhance new learning on a background of existing memories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how interacting forms of synaptic plasticity mediate learning is fundamental for neuroscience. Theory and modeling revealed that, in addition to Hebbian-type associative plasticity, heterosynaptic changes at synapses that were not active during induction are necessary for stable system operation and fine-grained discrimination learning. However, lacking tools for selective manipulation prevented behavioral analysis of heterosynaptic plasticity. Here we circumvent this barrier: from our prior experimental and computational work we predict differential behavioral consequences of the impairment of Hebbian-type versus heterosynaptic plasticity. We show that, in adenosine A1 receptor knock-out mice, impaired synaptic plasticity in visual cortex neurons is coupled with specific deficits in learning sequential, increasingly complex visual discrimination tasks. This provides the first evidence linking heterosynaptic plasticity to organism-level learning.
The Essence and Composition Elements of Wisdom Education
Authors: Wang Jincheng
Published: April 2021

The advancement of modern information technology has brought innovative ideas to education and has also supported education reform and development. At present, China’s education information level has significantly improved, providing strong support for wisdom education development. In our opinion, wisdom education is a very pertinent choice and essential trend of China’s education development in the information age. This article discusses the correct understanding of wisdom education, clarifies the basic structure of wisdom education, and makes several suggestions for the development of wisdom education.
Schätzung und Vorhersage "Realisierter Volatilität"
Authors: Dudda Tom , Klein Tony , Walther Thomas
Published: April 2021

Die Volatilität ist als universelles Risikomaß von hoher Bedeutung für die Finanzmärkte. Sie spielt eine zentrale Rolle im Risiko- und Portfoliomanagement sowie bei der Bewertung von Finanzderivaten. Intratagesdaten ermöglichen eine genauere Schätzung der Volatilität. Dieser Artikel führt in das Konzept und die Modellierung Realisierter Volatilität ein, welche auf der Basis von Intratagesrenditen gemessen wird. Anhand der Renditen des DAX30 wird die Parameterschätzung und Prognose der Realisierten Volatilität im HAR-RV Modell demonstriert.
Supply Chain Risk Management und Supply Chain Resilienz
Authors: Biedermann Lukas , Kotzab Herbert
Published: April 2021

Die Lieferketten und -prozesse vieler Unternehmen sind vor dem Hintergrund planbarer Verläufe auf der Grundlage geringer Supply Chain Volatilität gestaltet worden. Zunehmende Volatilität erfordert aber eine dynamische Betrachtung potentieller Risikoquellen, um die Verletzlichkeit von Lieferketten gegenüber Störereignissen zu reduzieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt dazu wie das Supply Chain Risiko Management dazu eingesetzt werden kann und welche Supply Chain Resilienz Erfolgsfaktoren den ursprünglichen Zustand der Lieferkette wiederherstellen bzw. verbessern.
Flexible Fortschrittssteuerung als Target Operating Model der finanziellen Führung
Authors: Möller Klaus , Marks Daniel
Published: April 2021

In einem VUCA-Umfeld ist ein rigides Planungs- und Steuerungssystem hinderlich und erschwert die dynamische Anpassung an veränderte Kontexte. Erforderlich ist eine fundamentale Neuausrichtung, weg von einer Plan-Ist-Orientierung und hin zu einer flexiblen, eher auf Fortschritt und an der Strategie ausgerichteten ganzheitlichen Steuerung. Der Beitrag liefert einen solchen Alternativvorschlag, in dessen Kern kein Budgetierungssystem steht, sondern ein dynamischer auf Fortschritt ausgelegter Kreislauf, der in ein Target Operating Model der finanziellen Führung eingebettet ist und damit eine Blaupause für eine Performance Management Organisation bietet.
Digitalisierung sei Dank
Authors:   Schmalenbach-Arbeitskreis „Digital Finance“
Published: April 2021

Die Digitalisierung durchdringt das ganze Unternehmen. Es braucht daher ein neues Zielbild für die Finanzfunktion der Zukunft, das von Grund auf die Nutzung digitaler Technologien berück­sichtigt und vor den eigenen Funktionsgrenzen nicht Halt macht. Wie aber definiert man dieses Zielbild und wie setzt man es um? Bekannte Benchmarking-Ansätze greifen nicht mehr.
An Analysis of Sleep and Ergometer Performance in Collegiate Male Rowers
Authors: Babiec Thaddeus
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Research has increasingly looked at the effects of sleep on athletic performance. Although there is currently a plethora of data expressing the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on athletic performance, fewer studies have assessed the effects of sleep extension. These studies have all been done with field or team sport athletes and all have been conducted with athletes who traditionally have practice times later in the day. Rowing is a sport with traditionally early practice times and represents an under examined population at a high risk of sleep deprivation. The purpose of the present study was to determine what sport specific performance benefits would be gained from extending the athlete’s sleep. Methods: Nineteen members of the Temple University’s men’s rowing team were asked to increase their sleep to nine to ten hours a night for four weeks, following a two-week baseline period. A two-week post-intervention phase followed the sleep extension period. Three sport specific assessments (Open rate 1-minute, Rate-capped 1-minute, and Interval tests) and daily HRV recordings were captured each week. Results: Subjects were unable to extend their sleep from baseline during the intervention, 392.07 ± 53.69 minutes and 374.11 ± 41.53 minutes, respectively (p = .137).  Significant variation was found in the week to week comparison of the Interval test and OR1-Min test.  Conclusion: Athletes failed to increase their time asleep, limiting our ability to assess the impact of sleep on performance. Performance did suffer over the course of the study, suggesting participants were below he minimal amount of sleep necessary to maintain performance. Better athlete education by coaches might prove beneficial for athletes to develop the habits necessary for sufficient sleep and improved performance.
Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Shlomai Noa Ofek , Kasirer Yair , Strauss Tzipora , Smolkin Tatiana , Marom Ronella , Shinwell Eric S. , Simmonds Arye , Golan Agneta , Morag Iris , Waisman Dan , Felszer-Fisch Clari , Wolf Dana G. , Eventov-Friedman Smadar
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To assess infection rates predischarge and postdischarge in breast milk–fed newborns with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive mothers who were separated postdelivery from their mothers and discharged from the hospital. Also, we aim to evaluate breastfeeding rates predischarge and postdischarge.

METHODS:

Nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from symptomatic and high-risk women in the delivery room. Mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results were separated from the newborns. Newborns were screened within 48 hours of delivery, and anti-infectious guidelines were imparted to the mothers before discharge. Rescreening took place ≥14 days postdischarge. Data regarding SARS-CoV-2–positive household members and breastfeeding were obtained by follow-up phone calls.

RESULTS:

A total of 73 newborns of SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers were born in Israel during the ∼3-month period under study. Overall, 55 participated in this study. All neonates tested negative for the virus postdelivery. A total 74.5% of the neonates were fed unpasteurized expressed breast milk during the postpartum separation until discharge. Eighty-nine percent of the neonates were discharged from the hospital after their mothers were instructed in anti-infection measures. In 40% of the households, there were additional SARS-CoV-2–positive residents. A total of 85% of the newborns were breastfed postdischarge. Results for all 60% of the newborns retested for SARS-CoV-2 postdischarge were negative.

CONCLUSIONS:

No viral infection was identified in neonates born to and separated from their SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers at birth and subsequently fed unpasteurized breast milk. All infants breastfed at home remained SARS-CoV-2 negative. These findings may provide insights regarding the redundancy of postpartum mother-newborn separation in SARS-CoV-2–positive women and, assuming precautions are adhered to, support the safety of breast milk.
What factors can influence children's perception of forests today and in the future?
Authors: De Sousa Thiago Braz Barbosa , Da Silva Taline Cristina , Ramos Marcelo Alves
Published: April 2021

Ethnobiological studies regarding the environmental perception of children are still infrequent, creating a gap in the understanding of the factors that influence the process of developing perception in this phase of life. Therefore, this study sought to verify the influence of some factors, such as contact with natural environments, gender, and age, in the representation of elementary school students, aged between 11 and 15 years, about remnants of the Atlantic Forest, at present and future. We observed that the elements represented by children did not differ in terms of contact with natural environments, but those who live in rural areas, represented more elements of degradation. In addition, the children studied here did not show significant differences in environmental representations between genders, and the increase in age indicated the loss of ecological knowledge about the natural components of a forest environment, giving space for a more utilitarian and degraded view of it. In general, we can state that children have precise perceptions about forest environments, and a negative perspective regarding the future of forests. Furthermore, certain factors may come to have a strong influence on their perception, especially with advancing age and the strengthening of social roles established culturally for different genders, which will strongly influence decision-making in favor of forests in the future.
A retrospective assessment of parental attitudes in alcohol dependent and non-dependent groups
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Wojtynkiewicz Ewa
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of the studies was to verify whether an alcohol-dependent group differs in terms of retrospectively assessed parental attitudes from a non-dependent group (study 1) as well as whether there are differences between individuals with alcohol dependence having or not having an addicted parent in terms of the retrospectively assessed parental attitudes (study 2). Materials and methods: 121 individuals with alcohol dependence and 121 people with no dependence took part in study 1 (in both groups there were 37 women and 84 men). 221 individuals with alcohol dependence (55 women and 166 men) participated in study 2. Mieczysław Plopa’s Questionnaire of Retrospective Assessment of Parental Attitudes (KPR-Roc) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) were used in the studies. Results: The outcome of study 1 proved that the individuals with alcohol dependence score higher in comparison with those non-dependent in terms of variables Mother Protectiveness, Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence and score lower for variables Father Acceptance/Rejection and Father Autonomy. The results of study 2 show that alcohol-dependent women with a family history of alcohol addiction tended to score lower for variables Mother Acceptance/Rejection, Father Acceptance/Rejection, Father Autonomy and Father Protectiveness in comparison with the non-dependent women with no family history of alcohol addiction. Whereas men addicted to alcohol with a family history of alcohol addiction score higher for the variable Father Acceptance/Rejection and higher concerning variables Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence in comparison with the addicted male group with no family history of alcohol addiction. Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent individuals have a tendency to assess more adversely the father’s attitude in comparison with the non-dependent group. Having an alcohol-dependent parent among individuals with alcohol dependence differentiates mainly the retrospective assessment of the father.
Creating a healthy work environment for the well-being of a cognitive behavioural psychotherapist
Authors:   Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland, Kleszczewska-Albińska Angelika
Published: April 2021

The work of a cognitive behavioural therapist is associated with a number of factors contributing to the feeling of satisfaction as well as many concerns. Studies show that psychotherapists are vulnerable to the effects of distress which, if left unattended, lead to burnout and serious professional impairments. Even though it has been emphasised that self-care of a psychotherapist is more of an imperative than an option, all too often professionals ignore their needs. Among the most common self-care myths cognitive behavioural therapists believe in, one may find the assumptions that self-care is optional, the knowledge how to look after oneself is equivalent to managing it, and coping is identical to being a therapist. Responsibility for oneself is usually an optional topic during education and supervision processes. Even though articles on that subject are widely available, it is important to analyse the problem of self-care, and to propose ways for creating a healthy work environment for cognitive behavioural therapists. In the article, the core ideas concerning the cognitive behavioural model of therapy are presented, and the cognitive behavioural model of burnout is described. In addition, the role of self-care in professional activity among cognitive behavioural psychotherapists is examined. The data on the role of awareness, balance, flexibility, and health in increasing self-care practices among psychotherapists is presented, and the importance of a proactive approach to self-care is highlighted. Furthermore, the main ideas that should be incorporated in training courses and supervision are given, together with the description of the role of supervision in psychotherapeutic work.
Burden among family caregivers of mechanically-ventilated patients
Authors:   Katedra Psychologii Klinicznej, Wydział Psychologii, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska, Szatkowska Karolina
Published: April 2021

The constant progress of medicine makes it possible to create safe and comfortable conditions for home treatment for mechanically ventilated patients with chronic respiratory failure. The specificity of such care presents caregivers with challenges related to many nursing and organizational activities. Caring for patients using respiratory therapy is associated with taking responsibility for its course, reorganising everyday life and changing the way of performing the current roles, including limiting social roles. Therefore, it requires caregivers to be able to cope with various, very often new tasks, which can be physically and mentally burdening. The burden of care is the entirety of experiences and difficulties that a family member encounters when caring for a loved one. The article aims to characterise the concept of the feeling of being burdened with care and to present a research review showing its specificity in the group of caregivers of mechanically ventilated patients in a home setting. Also, the study will present research reports indicating a group of factors that may increase this negative consequence of care. The risk factors include health deterioration in the mechanically ventilated person and the decreasing level of patient’s independent functioning, as well as factors associated with the mechanical ventilation used: the method of ventilation (invasive vs. non-invasive), longer time of using the ventilator per day and the total duration of mechanical ventilation as a treatment method. Moreover, the results of the research conducted so far indicate that the burden among caregivers of these patients may manifest in all spheres of life: emotional, cognitive, somatic and social.
Vengeance imaginaire et attente eschatologique
Authors: Jakob Florent
Published: April 2021

El propósito de “Venganza imaginaria y espera escatológica” es demostrar como la temporalidad heredada de la religión cristiana se divide en dos regímenes distintos. Uno nos permite profundizar y ralentizar, según un largo proceso de incorporación. El otro, vinculado a una teleología fantasmática, es un tiempo acelerado por el ansioso esfuerzo de acabar con todo. En el conflicto que opone estas dos temporalidades, Nietzsche procura definir tres tipos de relaciones entre la espera y la expectativa.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE CULTIVATED FLAX AND SOME OF ITS WILD RELATIVES
Authors: Poliakova I. , Sinyaeva N. , Lyakh V.
Published: April 2021

Controlling the content of trace elements in human food is a major problem. Lack of them, as well as their excess, can seriously affect a person’s health. Commonly, people do not receive enough minerals they need. Though these minerals are found in products of both animal and plant origin, many ethnic groups have a significant preference for plant food, which is very often obtained from cereal plants. Not infrequently, though, these plants are poor in mineral elements, or a specific processing technology depletes a product of minerals. This article shows the content of such trace elements important for people as zinc, copper, cobalt, and nickel in the seeds and leaves of cultivated flax (L. usitatissimum) and its three wild perennial relatives (L. austriacum, L. hirsutum, and L. thracicum). We focus on flax, because, besides containing valuable trace elements, it is also a source of unsaturated fatty acids which are no less important for the human body. To date, there is but little information on the content of certain trace elements in the seeds of cultivated flax, and practically nothing is known about their content in its wild relatives, which are used mainly as decorative verdure. It has been established that the seeds contain 37.1-64.2 mg/kg of zinc, 5.3-9.3mg/kg of copper, 2.9-7.3mg/kg of nickel, and 1.4-3.3mg/kg of cobalt. In the leaves, these trace elements are present in far smaller amounts (1.1-4.3mg/kg). The highest in these trace elements is the wild species L. thracicum, and the lowest is L. austriacum. It has been found that in the plant material of cultivated flax, the ratio of the microelements under study was similar to that in the wild species. Zinc predominates in the flax seeds, but in the leaves, it exceeds other elements only insignificantly. Generally, both cultivated flax and its three wild relatives can be viewed as valuable and worthwhile sources of zinc, cobalt, copper, and nickel.
FRUIT SEEDS, SEEDS OF GRAPE AND CUCURBITACEOUS – A PROSPECTIVE SOURCE OF OBTAINING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. OVERVIEW
Authors: Gafurov K. , Muslimov B.
Published: April 2021

Republic of Uzbekistan is a major producer of agricultural products. The production of vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries, melons and gourds are increasing every year. The total volume of their production is approximately up to 16200 thousand tons per year. The seeds of these crops make up from 2 to 10% of the mass of processed raw materials, which are sources of valuable biologically active substances. The main method of obtaining oil (from apricot kernel, grape and melon seeds) is cold pressing, i.e. pressing carried out at a temperature below 60°C. Such oil immediately goes from the category of ordinary to the category of medicinal. At present, in Uzbekistan, the processing of apricot kernels, grape and melons seeds with the aim of to obtain high-quality vegetable oil is carried out on low-tonnage technological lines by the method of cold pressing. However, this method of processing raw materials does not provide the maximum yield of valuable vegetable oil and nutrients. Residual oilcake is not processed to obtain biologically active substances. The use of extraction as a method of obtaining these substances is not practiced. Unlike other solvents such as butane, hexane has the advantage of being virtually harmless to the user in ethanol extraction. Unlike the so-called "CO2-extraction", the extraction with ethanol can be carried out without the use of expensive equipment and subject to the correct technological regulations; the obtained extract can be of a very high-quality spectrum.  A scientifically substantiated methodology for the engineering calculation of a plant for the extraction of ingredients from plant materials with a low capacity, operating on an ethanol solvent, has not been developed, which shows the relevance of the development and implementation of such equipment in production.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DESIGNING NUTRITIONS FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Peresichnyi M , Peresichna S. , Sobko A. , Tiurikova I.
Published: April 2021

The current state of healt hand schoolchildren’ nutritionin Ukraine, in cluding Cherkasy, has been studied and analyzed.The Ukrainian schoolchildren physiological need sinbasic nutrients and energy and the actual in take of nutrients have been analyzed. It has been found that the schoolchildren’s diets do not meet physiological standards in terms of protein, lipid, carbohydrate balance and energy value, have a significant deficiency of minerals (zinc, selenium, iodine, iron, calcium), fibre, pectin, B vitamins and the antioxidant group vitamins (ß-carotene, ascorbic acid, tocopherol). Regulations of «Norms of Physiological needs of the population of Ukraine in basic nutrients and energy» have been analyzed. As it was discovered, these regulations do not include physiological needs for minerals: sodium, potassium, chlorides, manganese, fluorine, chromium; absent recommended consumption of biologically active substances: inositol, Ļ-carnitine, choline.To ensure the rational nutrition of schoolchildren of secondary schools, options of diet at home and schools, scientific and methodological directions of food design have been proposed and substantiated. Ways to optimize the schoolchildren’s diet and theimpact of changesinnutrient composition on their the body functional systems have been identified. Food rations have been developed and implemented taking into account daily needs and energy value. The influence of food rations on functional features of schoolchildren's organism has been studied, the complex indicator of quality has been calculated and the model of quality influence of a food ration on an organism functions has been constructed. Itincludesalso developed functional food and beverage. A comparative analysis of the recommended physiological needs of schoolchildren in basic nutrients and energy was discernedincluding nowadays and developed rations. A comprehensive indicator of the quality of school lunches indicates an increase in the quality of developed diets and it is equal to 1.06 for students in grades 1–4, for students in grades 5–11 – 0.93, as in fact diet – 0.66. It has been proven that the developed diets have a positive effect on the functional characteristics of schoolchildren and their health.
INFLUENCE OF DRY CONCENTRATION OF DRY SUBSTANCES ON FEATURES OF OSMOPHILIC ALCOHOLIC RACES OF YEAST
Authors: Kovalchuk S. , Mudrak T.
Published: April 2021

The main factors influencing the cultivation environment on the growth and development of different races of alcoholic yeast have been studied. The following races were selected for studies of the influence of wort dry matter concentration on morpho-physiological features of alcoholic yeast yeast cells: S. cerevisiae ДО–16, ДО–11, K-81, XII. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the influence of the concentration of dry matter of the wort on the morpho-physiological features of alcoholic yeast, screening of alcoholic races for fermentation of highly concentrated wort. The morphology of cells of alcoholic races of the yeast S. cerevisiae, which are cultured on starch-containing medium, has been insufficiently studied. It was found that the cells of the alcoholic yeast race S. cerevisiaeДО-16 and ДО-11 had smaller cell sizes in comparison with the thermotolerant and mesophilic races S. cerevisiae K-81 and XII at a concentration of DM wort of 28%. However, the number of yeast cells in S. cerevisiae ДО-16 and ДО-11 races is higher. During the fermentation of highly concentrated wort, these indicators characterize the increase in the working surface of the yeast in the fermented medium, which allows to intensify the fermentation process. Studies have been conducted on the effect of dry matter concentration on the size and shape of giant colonies of alcoholic races of yeast. Culture samples were taken in the stationary phase of growth. Studies of giant colonies of alcoholic breeds of yeast cultured on wort at a concentration of 28% DM indicate that the race of S. cerevisiae ДО-16, in comparison with other races, is able to withstand high concentrations of wort. After all, the size and shape of the giant colonies of this race indicate that the yeast cells were in a satisfactory physiological condition. According to morpho-physiological characteristics, alcoholic yeast of race S. cerevisiae ДО–16, ДО–11, K–81, XII with thermotolerant and osmophilic properties for fermentation of highly concentrated wort was screened Based on theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that the selected race of yeast S. cerevisiae ДО-16 on morpho-physiological characteristics has advantages over races ДО-11, K-81, XII for fermentation of high concentrations of wort. Thus, for fermentation of highly concentrated wort from grain raw materials, a highly productive race of alcoholic yeast with increased osmophilicity - S. cerevisiae ДО –16 was selected.
Psychobiotics – Probiotics that Improve Mood
Authors: Kapreliants L. , Zhuk E
Published: April 2021

The human intestinal microbiome includes all microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract. One study showed that mice raised in a sterile environment exhibited excessive physiological responses to stress compared to normal control. This discovery revealed the involvement of the microbiome in the development of «The Вrain – Gut – Microbiota Axis». Since then, it has been revealed that intestinal bacteria are involved in the regulation of diverse and important physiological processes, including immunomodulation, obesity and energy balance, as well as the activity of the nervous system. All these studies allowed to identify a new type of probiotics - psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are capable to provide positive impact on patients′ mood. Attempts to reveal intrinsic mechanisms of positive emotional shifts of humans are of a great interest. Ability of psychobiotics to influence the depth of emotions is confirmed.
The main neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect in the brain of humans and animals is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is involved in metabolic and neurotransmitter processes in the brain. The precursor of GABA is glutamate. GABA-ergic system of the brain in its structure resembles all the others - a number of deep-seated structures in the brain, from which the nerve fibers that secrete GABA go to other parts of the nervous system. Therefore, GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates many processes - from muscle tone to emotional reactions.
Many studies have shown that some types of microorganisms are able to produce GABA, which acts on the human body in the same way as GABA produced in the human brain. The main producers of GABA, as studies have found, are lactic acid bacteria, and among them the most capable bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus helveticus.
 According to WHO standards, new strains of probiotics should be clearly identified for further use as dietary supplements or drugs. They must be able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract (be resistant to pH, enzymes, cholic acids, etc.), they must also be capable of adhesion, exhibit antagonistic properties and be genetically stable. Therefore, all strains that can be used in the production of probiotics must be clearly identified at the species level and have a genetic passport.
The work of identifying and introducing new strains of probiotics capable to produce psychobiotic substances, namely GABA, is very painstaking, but at the same time very important because stress, depression and many other types of mental disorders are becoming more common in the world and the Ukraine is no exception
BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF TOMATO PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS
Authors: Benderska O. , Bessarab A. , Iegorov B. , Kashkano M. , Shutyuk V.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the biological value of secondary products of tomato processing, namely tomato seeds, which, for the most part, is not considered as an object of processing. The use of secondary raw materials formed in the production of tomato products as a source of biologically active substances with their subsequent use in food technology is proposed. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the biological value of tomato seeds. It has been found that tomato seeds have a high nutritional and biological value due to the high concentration of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Accordingly, this value complies with modern recommendations on healthy diet for the population. Also, tomato seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, macro- and micronutrient elements, vitamin E, and fiber. However, its nutritional value is substantially reduced by natural biologically active anti-alimentary substances, namely proteinase inhibitors. A first experimental is antinutrients tomato seeds.  А number of trypsin inhibitors of tomato seeds use micronating processing , a significant reduction has been achieved. The use of hydrothermal and micronization treatment of tomato seeds to reduce the activity of trypsin inhibitors is proposed. Hydrothermal treatment for 40 min at a water temperature of 90..100°C reduced trypsin inhibitory activity by 1..3% from baseline. Thus, when you stand micronating processing maturity during 60s reducing  trypsin inhibitors is about 34 % and for biological maturity is 28.8%. It was found that  technology tomato seeds processing allows to obtain a biologically valuable product, which is mainly represented by lipid up to 40%, as well as significant content of protein substances, carbohydrates and fibre. The purpose of this paper is the study of chemical composition and biological value of secondary tomato resources, namely tomato seeds, as well as researching the possibility of its application in food technology. It is also concerned with determination of quantitative and qualitative composition of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds and selection of ways to decrease the activity of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds.
On inverse problem for tree of Stieltjes strings
Authors: Дудко Анастасія Ігорівна , Pivovarchik Vyacheslav
Published: April 2021

For a given metric tree and two strictly interlacing sequences of numbers there exits a distribution of point masses on the edges (which are Stieltjes strings) such that one of the sequences is the spectrum of the   spectral problem  with the Neumann condition at the root of the tree while the second sequence is the spectrum of the   spectral problem with the Dirichlet condition at the root.
Composición de especies e ingreso económico por la pesca ribereña de Moluscos en la Costa Grande de Guerrero México
Authors: Cerros Cornelio J. C. , Flores-Garza R. , Landa-Jaime V. , García-Ibáñez S. , Rosas- Guerrrero V. , Flores- Rodríguez P. , Valdés-González A.
Published: April 2021

Los moluscos son una valiosa fuente de alimento y tienen un alto valor comercial. En Guerrero, México, este recurso natural está en riesgo debido a una explotación inadecuada y la falta de estudios biológicos y pesqueros. Esta investigación se centró en determinar qué especies se capturan con fines comerciales y buscar información sobre las capturas de moluscos realizadas por las pesquerías artesanales. El muestreo se desarrolló de mayo a diciembre de 2017, consistió en visitar las Cooperativas de Producción Pesquera (SCPP) así como lugares donde se expenden moluscos, donde se procedió a identificar y cuantificar especies in situ. Se examinaron un total de 1.184 organismos, se identificaron 24 especies. Las especies Striostrea prismatica, Trochita trochiformis y Hexaplex princeps son las de mayor volumen de captura y también son las que generan mayores ingresos económicos en la región.
Taxas respiratórias de sementes de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) sob atmosferas modificadas
Authors: Cécel Aline Testoni , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: April 2021

RESUMO (Taxas respiratórias de sementes de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) sob atmosferas modificadas). O sucesso da conservação de sementes se resume à redução tanto do seu metabolismo quanto de outros organismos associados a elas. Uma das formas de se avaliar a intensidade metabólica é analisando-se as taxas respiratórias, mas há necessidade de se desenvolver protocolos metodológicos para isso. Além disso, atmosfera modificada tem demonstrado algum controle na respiração quando as concentrações de O2 e CO2 são alteradas. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito da alteração das concentrações de O2 e CO2 do ambiente em que sementes foram armazenadas de maneira a inibir o metabolismo respiratório das sementes de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Os resultados demonstraram que em atmosferas com concentração de CO2 entre 1,9% e 3,7% é possível diminuir o metabolismo respiratório dessas sementes. Além disso, é apresentado um modelo que permite controlar os fatores envolvidos na análise das taxas respiratórias em sementes.
THE ADVANTAGE OF ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO IN ASSESSING STUDENT LEARNING
Authors:   Alatoo International University, Ismail Altynbilek
Published: April 2021

This article states that the possession of a digital infrastructure and information competence in the field of education is an urgent issue of our time. The introduction of digital technology as a tool at all stages of the educational process, starting from kindergarten and school, allows you to create an information technology environment. It also notes the advantages, functions and features of the use of electronic portfolio as one of the new forms and modern means of assessing student learning achievements. The portfolio gives students the opportunity to monitor their personal achievements and allows them to compare their achievements not with the achievements of other students, but with their original results. An electronic portfolio can also perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment of student performance. According to researchers, the electronic portfolio creates the conditions for solving the most important issues related to education.
INTERACTIVE METHODS IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after Arabaev, Zhumanazarov Kuban
Published: April 2021

Mathematics is not aimed at a direct study of the properties of things, but the study of numerical relationships and spatial forms of these things. This feature of mathematics allows the development of inferences in students and requires the implementation of argumentation in the process of mental judgment and proof. Learning mathematics activates the mental abilities of students, educates their desire for the assimilation of knowledge. In the educational process, interactive methods are a means of forming such important abilities. The article analyzes the work of researchers on interactive methods of teaching mathematics. Brief characteristics are given by some interactive teaching method.
Hidden Pretoria
Authors: Kriel Lize
Published: April 2021

What an experience it was to have reviewed this book during lockdown - being lured to so many Pretoria places, some which I know and others which would have been quite inaccessible to the local tourist even if there had not been health-related restrictions on our movements. On the other hand, none of the places in this book are, in fact, 'visitable' at all, except in the imagination, because these images are not "the real". They are too poised and delectably mediated to be matched by any embodied experience in actual time. The forgone past which so many of them invoke, only exists in the historical consciousness of those they entice to wonder. To wonder - in every semantic sense of the word ... that is indeed what this book accomplishes. It pierces our visuality, or established world-view, and infuses it with new ways of seeing. In a sense, this book is a guide to reconfiguring a visual landscape - a decolonial one, if one wishes, because the reconfiguration entails the de-assembling of staid and fixed impressions and the rearrangement of old beliefs based on newly revealed and newly-considered (old) information.
Collaborative audio-visual rhetoric: A self-reflexive review of collaboration in anthropological film projects
Authors: Omrani Arjang , Rutten Kris
Published: April 2021

Through a self-reflexive review of collaboration in two anthropological film projects conducted during the period from 2013 to 2018, we address the dilemmas that are at stake when producing and distributing audio-visual images of vulnerable subjects (for example, refugees), and the consumption of so-called "subject-generated" imagery. The poetical and political strategies of audio-visual forms of anthropological (re)presentation as well as the existing shortcomings related to those topics, such as the 'refugee crisis', which is caught in the current context of our media-saturated society is explored. We suggest the notion of "shared anthropology" as a framework for exploring the critical potential of collaborative audio-visual rhetoric. From this perspective, we discuss the films Unless the water is safer than the land, in which performers re-enact the narratives of refugees; and Passager, a collaborative film project between an audio-visual anthropologist and a young Afghan refugee who left his country in search of safer living conditions. We explore how these films can be conceptualised as distinctive forms of "collaborative audio-visual rhetoric".
'This is not a pig': Settler innocence and visuality of zoos
Authors: Gilich Yulia
Published: April 2021

Settler innocence is the primary organising principle of Israel's space production. To construct themselves as innocent political actors, oppressors disavow, justify, and deny their responsibility for oppression. The rhetoric of settler innocence allows Israel, a settler colonial state responsible for the dispossession and military occupation of Palestine, to present itself as the "only democracy in the Middle East". In this article, I perform a visual analysis of the Zoological Center Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan and the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo to examine how zoos, inherently violent colonial institutions, reproduce settler innocence. Entrenched in Israel's national projects of linking modernity and Biblical antiquity, zoos naturalise settlers, normalise indigenous displacement, and obscure colonial violence.
The Anthropological Dimension of Progress: Improvement, Increment, and Redistribution
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Opolev Pavel
Published: April 2021

Thinking about the progressive movement in which there is a transition from the simple to the complex, from the less perfect to the more perfect, the author has found its conceptualization in the ideas of progress. In the historical and cultural tradition, we observe a transformation of ideas about the role of progress in the life of society and man. The objective-universal interpretation of progress has been placed at the fore since the Enlightenment. However the subjective-personal interpretation of progress has taken the leading position nowadays as the concept of progressive development of civilization becomes disappointing. In this paper the author considers progress as a process of anthropocultural complication, to outline the relationship between the objective-general and subjective-personal interpretations of progress, which can be described through the ideas of redistribution, increment and improvement. These meanings allow us not only to consider the features of socio-cultural dynamics, but also to identify what kind of progressive development strategies are relevant for modern man. In the twentieth century, we see a return on a qualitatively different level to one of the most archaic meanings of complication: complication through redistribution. However, if in mythology redistribution was carried out due to a sacral-mystical sacrifice, at present redistribution is thought of as a utilitarian-pragmatic principle.