bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Pumped Storage Hydropower Power-Off Transient Process Using 3D Numerical Simulation Based on SP-VOF Hybrid Model
Authors: Zhou Daqing , Chen Huixiang , Zhang Languo
Published: April 2018

The transient characteristic of the power-off process is investigated due to its close relation to hydraulic facilities’ safety in a pumped storage hydropower (PSH). In this paper, power-off transient characteristics of a PSH station in pump mode was studied using a three-dimensional (3D) unsteady numerical method based on a single-phase and volume of fluid (SP-VOF) coupled model. The computational domain covered the entire flow system, including reservoirs, diversion tunnel, surge tank, pump-turbine unit, and tailrace tunnel. The fast changing flow fields and dynamic characteristic parameters, such as unit flow rate, runner rotate speed, pumping lift, and static pressure at measuring points were simulated, and agreed well with experimental results. During the power-off transient process, the PSH station underwent pump mode, braking mode, and turbine mode, with the dynamic characteristics and inner flow configurations changing significantly. Intense pressure fluctuation occurred in the region between the runner and guide vanes, and its frequency and amplitude were closely related to the runner’s rotation speed and pressure gradient, respectively. While the reversed flow rate of the PSH unit reached maximum, some parameters, such as static pressure, torque, and pumping lift would suddenly jump significantly, due to the water hammer effect. The moment these marked jumps occurred was commonly considered as the most dangerous moment during the power-off transient process, due to the blade passages being clogged by vortexes, and chaos pressure distribution on the blade surfaces. The results of this study confirm that 3D SP-VOF hybrid simulation is an effective method to reveal the hydraulic mechanism of the PSH transient process.
An Experiment on Heat Recovery Performance Improvements in Well-Water Heat-Pump Systems for a Traditional Japanese House
Authors: Iba Chiemi , Takano Shun , Hokoi Shuichi
Published: April 2018

Concerns about resource depletion have prompted several countries to promote the usage of renewable energy, such as underground heat. In Japan, underground heat-pump technology has begun to be utilized in large-scale office buildings; however, several economic problems are observed to still exist, such as high initial costs that include drilling requirements. Further, most of the traditional dwellings “Kyo-machiya” in Kyoto, Japan have a shallow well. This study intends to propose an effective ground-source heat-pump system using the well water from a “Kyo-machiya” home that does not contain any drilling works. In previous research, it was depicted that the well-water temperature decreases as the heat pump (HP) is operated and that the heat extraction efficiency steadily becomes lower. In this study, an experiment is conducted to improve efficiency using a drainage pump. Based on the experimental results, the effect of efficiency improvement and the increase in the electric power consumption of the drainage pump are examined. It is indicated that short-time drainage could help to improve efficiency without consuming excessive energy. Thus, continuous use of the heat pump becomes possible.
First-Year Vitality of Reforestation Plantings in Response to Herbivore Exclusion on Reclaimed Appalachian Surface-Mined Land
Authors: Hackworth Zachary J. , Lhotka John M. , Cox John J. , Barton Christopher D. , Springer Matthew T.
Published: April 2018

Conventional Appalachian surface-mine reclamation techniques repress natural forest regeneration, and tree plantings are often necessary for reforestation. Reclaimed Appalachian surface mines harbor a suite of mammal herbivores that forage on recently planted seedlings. Anecdotal reports across Appalachia have implicated herbivory in the hindrance and failure of reforestation efforts, yet empirical evaluation of herbivory impacts on planted seedling vitality in this region remains relatively uninitiated. First growing-season survival, height growth, and mammal herbivory damage of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) are presented in response to varying intensities of herbivore exclusion. Seedling survival was generally high, and height growth was positive for all species. The highest herbivory incidence of all tree species was observed in treatments offering no herbivore exclusion. While seedling protectors lowered herbivory incidence compared with no exclusion, full exclusion treatments resulted in the greatest reduction of herbivore damage. Although herbivory from rabbits, small mammals, and domestic animals was observed, cervids (deer and elk) were responsible for 95.8% of all damaged seedlings. This study indicates that cervids forage heavily on planted seedlings during the first growing-season, but exclusion is effective at reducing herbivory.
Fractionated Follow-Up Chemotherapy Delays the Onset of Resistance in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Warman Pranav I. , Kaznatcheev Artem , Araujo Arturo , Lynch Conor C. , Basanta David
Published: April 2018

Prostate cancer to bone metastases are almost always lethal. This results from the ability of metastatic prostate cancer cells to co-opt bone remodeling, leading to what is known as the vicious cycle. Understanding how tumor cells can disrupt bone homeostasis through their interactions with the stroma and how metastatic tumors respond to treatment is key to the development of new treatments for what remains an incurable disease. Here we describe an evolutionary game theoretical model of both the homeostatic bone remodeling and its co-option by prostate cancer metastases. This model extends past the evolutionary aspects typically considered in game theoretical models by also including ecological factors such as the physical microenvironment of the bone. Our model recapitulates the current paradigm of the “vicious cycle” driving tumor growth and sheds light on the interactions of heterogeneous tumor cells with the bone microenvironment and treatment response. Our results show that resistant populations naturally become dominant in the metastases under conventional cytotoxic treatment and that novel schedules could be used to better control the tumor and the associated bone disease compared to the current standard of care. Specifically, we introduce fractionated follow up therapy—chemotherapy where dosage is administered initially in one solid block followed by alternating smaller doses and holidays—and argue that it is better than either a continuous application or a periodic one. Furthermore, we also show that different regimens of chemotherapy can lead to different amounts of pathological bone that are known to correlate with poor quality of life for bone metastatic prostate cancer patients.
Genome Wide Identification, Evolutionary, and Expression Analysis of VQ Genes from Two Pyrus Species
Authors: Cao Yunpeng , Meng Dandan , Abdullah Muhammad , Jin Qing , Lin Yi , Cai Yongping
Published: April 2018

The VQ motif-containing gene, a member of the plant-specific genes, is involved in the plant developmental process and various stress responses. The VQ motif-containing gene family has been studied in several plants, such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, no systematic study has been performed in Pyrus species, which have important economic value. In our study, we identified 41 and 28 VQ motif-containing genes in Pyrus bretschneideri and Pyrus communis, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were calculated using A. thaliana and O. sativa VQ motif-containing genes as a template, allowing us to categorize these genes into nine subfamilies. Thirty-two and eight paralogous of VQ motif-containing genes were found in P. bretschneideri and P. communis, respectively, showing that the VQ motif-containing genes had a more remarkable expansion in P. bretschneideri than in P. communis. A total of 31 orthologous pairs were identified from the P. bretschneideri and P. communis VQ motif-containing genes. Additionally, among the paralogs, we found that these duplication gene pairs probably derived from segmental duplication/whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the genomes of P. bretschneideri and P. communis, respectively. The gene expression profiles in both P. bretschneideri and P. communis fruits suggested functional redundancy for some orthologous gene pairs derived from a common ancestry, and sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization for some of them. Our study provided the first systematic evolutionary analysis of the VQ motif-containing genes in Pyrus, and highlighted the diversification and duplication of VQ motif-containing genes in both P. bretschneideri and P. communis.
Dynamics of Carbonates in Soils under Different Land Use in Forest-Steppe Area of Russia Using Stable and Radiogenic Carbon Isotope Data
Authors: Khokhlova Olga , Myakshina Tatyana
Published: April 2018

The work is aimed at the analysis of carbonate dynamics in soils under different land use. The studied area is located in the forest steppe - of the Central Russian Upland. Soils were sampled at four sites: a broadleaf forest, an adjacent 50-year continuously cropped field including plots under a corn monoculture, bare fallow, and a crop rotation area with a clean fallow every fourth year. The carbonates’ morphology, their chemical composition, as well as their stable and radiogenic isotopes of carbon were studied. Clear-cut distinctions were found in the carbonate distribution throughout the profiles in the microstructure of carbonate pedofeatures, carbon isotopic composition, and radiocarbon age of carbonates between the pairs of the plots as follows: the bare fallow and the crop rotation on the one hand, and the corn monoculture and forest on the other. The distinctions are commonly assumed to result from repeating upward water fluxes, which are different in the bare soils and those with plant cover. A clear difference occurred in the hydrothermal regime for soils with and without plant cover, and was found to be the key factor of the observed differences. In addition, in soils under plant cover, the carbonate migration upward occurs due to process of transpiration, whereas in soils devoid of plants, it occurs due to physical evaporation.
A Preliminary Discussion of Some Important Discoveries Regarding Seaport Sites for Porcelain Shipping in the Jin Dynasty
Authors: Wu Jing
Published: April 2018

The seaports of the Jin dynasty have not been given enough attention for a long time. In recent years, some important seaport sites of the Jin dynasty have been discovered or reported, for example the Haifengzhen (海丰镇) site in Hebei Province, and the Haibei (海北) and Banqiaozhen (板桥镇) sites in Shandong Province. Based on these discoveries and other related information, we can try to analyze and infer the function and system of these seaports in the Jin dynasty. Firstly, Banqiaozhen Shi Bo Si (市舶司), the Northern Song Dynasty’s only foreign trade administration in the north of China, suffered a great deal of damage during the war at the end of the Northern Song dynasty. As a consequence, the porcelains produced in Northern China during the Jin Dynasty, such as Cizhou Ware (磁州窑), Cicun Ware (磁村窑), and Ding Ware (定窑) needed new seaports for access to the Korean Peninsula and Japan. It has been reported that many of these porcelains were discovered at Korean and Japanese sites, which correspond to the years of the Jin dynasty. Furthermore, a large number of these porcelains were discovered at the Haifengzhen and Haibei sites. There is thus a very strong possibility that these two sites were departure ports to East Asia of the Maritime Silk Road during the Jin Dynasty. Secondly, many porcelains produced in Southern China, especially Jingdezhen Ware (景德镇窑), have been discovered at the Haifengzhen, Haibei, and Banqiaozhen sites. Some Ding Ware products were also discovered in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the Southern Song Dynasty, and also many Cizhou Ware and Ding Ware products were discovered in Northeastern China during the Jin Dynasty. Furthermore, in the coastal waters on the northern side of the Haifengzhen site, archaeologists have found some traces of shipwrecks dating from the same time. Based on the above information, we infer that the Haifengzhen, Haibei, and Banqiaozhen sites might also have played an important role in the seaway transshipment between Southern and Northern China during this period. In conclusion, we can determine that the recently discovered seaports of the Jin dynasty had two functions and systems, both internal and external:the Haifengzhen and Haibei sites opened China up to the Korean Peninsula and Japan, while the Haifengzhen, Haibei, and Banqiaozhen sites might also have been used for domestic coastal shipping.
Reciprocal Associations between Electronic Media Use and Behavioral Difficulties in Preschoolers
Authors: Poulain Tanja , Vogel Mandy , Neef Madlen , Abicht Franziska , Hilbert Anja , Genuneit Jon , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland
Published: April 2018

The use of electronic media has increased substantially and is already observable in young children. The present study explored associations of preschoolers’ use of electronic media with age, gender, and socio-economic status, investigated time trends, and examined reciprocal longitudinal relations between children’s use of electronic media and their behavioral difficulties. The study participants included 527 German two- to six-year-old children whose parents had provided information on their use of electronic media and their behavioral difficulties at two time points, with approximately 12 months between baseline and follow-up. The analyses revealed that older vs. younger children, as well as children from families with a lower vs. higher socio-economic status, were more often reported to use electronic media. Furthermore, the usage of mobile phones increased significantly between 2011 and 2016. Most interestingly, baseline usage of computer/Internet predicted more emotional and conduct problems at follow-up, and baseline usage of mobile phones was associated with more conduct problems and hyperactivity or inattention at follow-up. Peer relationship problems at baseline, on the other hand, increased the likelihood of using computer/Internet and mobile phones at follow-up. The findings indicate that preschoolers’ use of electronic media, especially newer media such as computer/Internet and mobile phones, and their behavioral difficulties are mutually related over time.
Projection of Future Mortality Due to Temperature and Population Changes under Representative Concentration Pathways and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Kim Ejin , Lee Woo-Seop , Chae Yeora , Kim Ho
Published: April 2018

The Paris Agreement aims to limit the global temperature increase to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to even below 1.5 °C. Now, it should be asked what benefits are in pursuing these two targets. In this study, we assessed the temperature–mortality relationship using a distributed lag non-linear model in seven major cities of South Korea. Then, we projected future temperature-attributable mortality under different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios for those cities. Mortality was projected to increase by 1.53 under the RCP 4.5 (temperature increase by 2.83 °C) and 3.3 under the RCP 8.5 (temperature increase by 5.10 °C) until the 2090s, as compared to baseline (1991–2015) mortality. However, future mortality is expected to increase by less than 1.13 and 1.26 if the 1.5 °C and 2 °C increase targets are met, respectively, under the RCP 4.5. Achieving the more ambitious target of 1.5 °C will reduce mortality by 12%, when compared to the 2 °C target. When we estimated future mortality due to both temperature and population changes, the future mortality was found to be increased by 2.07 and 3.85 for the 1.5 °C and 2 °C temperature increases, respectively, under the RCP 4.5. These increases can be attributed to a growing proportion of elderly population, who is more vulnerable to high temperatures. Meeting the target of 1.5 °C will be particularly beneficial for rapidly aging societies, including South Korea.
Study on Cr(VI) Leaching from Cement and Cement Composites
Authors: Estokova Adriana , Palascakova Lenka , Kanuchova Maria
Published: April 2018

This paper reports an experimental study on hexavalent chromium leaching from cement samples and cement composites containing silica fume and zeolite additions that were subjected to various leaching agents. The water-soluble Cr(VI) concentrations in cements ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 mg/kg and represented only 1.8% of the total chromium content. The presence of chromium compounds with both chromium oxidation states of III and VI was detected in the cement samples by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Leaching tests were performed in a Britton-Robinson buffer to simulate natural conditions and showed increased dissolution of Cr(VI) up to 6 mg/kg. The highest amount of leached hexavalent chromium was detected after leaching in HCl. The findings revealed that the leaching of chromium from cements was higher by 55–80% than that from the cement composites. A minimum concentration was observed for all cement samples when studying the relationship between the soluble Cr(VI) and the cement storage time.
The Role of Knowledge and Risk Beliefs in Adolescent E-Cigarette Use: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rohde Jacob A. , Noar Seth M. , Horvitz Casey , Lazard Allison J. , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer , Sutfin Erin L.
Published: April 2018

The use of e-cigarettes and other vaping devices among adolescents is an urgent public health problem due to the concern about adolescent exposure to nicotine. This study examined: (1) adolescents’ knowledge and beliefs about e-cigarette risks; and (2) whether knowledge and risk beliefs were associated with e-cigarette use. N = 69 adolescents completed a cross-sectional survey about e-cigarette knowledge, attitudes (i.e., risk beliefs), and behavior (KAB). Nearly half (47%) of the sample reported ever using e-cigarettes. The majority of adolescents knew about many of the risks of e-cigarettes, with no differences between never- and ever-users. However, risk beliefs, such as worrying about health risks of using e-cigarettes, varied across groups. Compared to never-users, e-cigarette ever-users were significantly less likely to worry about e-cigarette health risks, less likely to think that e-cigarettes would cause them negative health consequences, and less likely to believe that e-cigarette use would lead to addiction. In a multivariable logistic regression, prior combustible cigarette use, mother’s education, and addiction risk beliefs about e-cigarettes emerged as significant predictors of adolescents’ e-cigarette use. This study reveals that while knowledge is not associated with adolescent e-cigarette use, risk beliefs do predict use.
SPAG17 Is Required for Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Fertility
Authors: Kazarian Elizabeth , Son HyunYoung , Sapao Paulene , Li Wei , Zhang Zhibing , Strauss III Jerome , Teves Maria
Published: April 2018

Spag17 encodes a protein present in the axoneme central pair complex of motile cilia and flagella. A mutation in this gene has been reported to be associated with infertility caused by defects in sperm motility. Here, we report that Spag17 knockout mice are infertile because of a severe defect in spermatogenesis. The histological evaluation of testis sections from mutant mice revealed seminiferous tubules with spermatogenesis arrested at the spermatid stage and cell debris in the cauda epididymis. The few sperm collected from the cauda epididymis were immotile and displayed abnormal tail and head morphology. Immunofluorescence analysis of Spag17 knockout germ cells showed spermatids with abnormally long manchette structures and morphological defects in the head. Electron microscopy showed altered manchette microtubules, reduced chromatin condensation, irregular nuclear shape, and detached acrosomes. Additionally, the transport of proteins (Pcdp1 and IFT20) along the manchette microtubules was disrupted in the knockout elongating spermatids. Our results show for the first time that Spag17 is essential for normal manchette structure, protein transport, and formation of the sperm head and flagellum, in addition to its role in sperm motility.
Ca2+ Regulation of TRP Ion Channels
Authors: Hasan Raquibul , Zhang Xuming
Published: April 2018

Ca2+ signaling influences nearly every aspect of cellular life. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as cellular sensors for thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli and are major contributors to Ca2+ signaling, playing an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Notably, TRP ion channels are also one of the major downstream targets of Ca2+ signaling initiated either from TRP channels themselves or from various other sources, such as G-protein coupled receptors, giving rise to feedback regulation. TRP channels therefore function like integrators of Ca2+ signaling. A growing body of research has demonstrated different modes of Ca2+-dependent regulation of TRP ion channels and the underlying mechanisms. However, the precise actions of Ca2+ in the modulation of TRP ion channels remain elusive. Advances in Ca2+ regulation of TRP channels are critical to our understanding of the diversified functions of TRP channels and complex Ca2+ signaling.
Liu Jun Zi Tang—A Potential, Multi-Herbal Complementary Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Chiou Chun-Tang , Wang Kaw-Chen , Yang Ying-Chen , Huang Chuen-Lin , Yang Sien-Hung , Kuo Yao-Haur , Huang Nai-Kuei
Published: April 2018

Liu Jun Zi Tang (LJZT) has been used to treat functional dyspepsia and depression, suggesting its effects on gastrointestinal and neurological functions. LJZT is currently used as a complementary therapy to attenuate cisplatin-induced side effects, such as dyspepsia. However, its effect on chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain or neurotoxicity has rarely been studied. Thus, we explored potential mechanisms underlying LJZT protection against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. We observed that LJZT attenuated cisplatin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in mice and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, it also attenuated cisplatin-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial free radical formation, reversed the cisplatin-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factors. LJZT not only activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) promoter region, but also attenuated the cisplatin-induced reduction of PGC-1α expression. Silencing of the PGC-1α gene counteracted the protection of LJZT. Taken together, LJZT mediated, through anti-oxidative effect and mitochondrial function regulation, to prevent cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity.
VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and Fibrotic Lung Disease
Authors: Barratt Shaney L. , Flower Victoria A. , Pauling John D. , Millar Ann B.
Published: April 2018

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases characterised by varying degrees of aberrant inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. This may occur in isolation, such as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or as part of a wider disease process affecting multiple organs, such as in systemic sclerosis. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is one component of an existing broad-spectrum therapeutic option in IPF (nintedanib) and may become part of the emerging therapeutic strategy for other ILDs in the future. This article describes our current understanding of VEGF biology in normal lung homeostasis and how changes in its bioavailability may contribute the pathogenesis of ILD. The complexity of VEGF biology is particularly highlighted with an emphasis on the potential non-vascular, non-angiogenic roles for VEGF in the lung, in both health and disease.
Efficiency Improvement Using Molybdenum Disulphide Interlayers in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Alzahly Shaykha , Yu LePing , Shearer Cameron J. , Gibson Christopher T. , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: April 2018

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is one of the most studied and widely applied nanomaterials from the layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) semiconductor family. MoS2 has a large carrier diffusion length and a high carrier mobility. Combining a layered structure of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and MoS2 with n-type silicon (n-Si) provided novel SWCNT/n-Si photovoltaic devices. The solar cell has a layered structure with Si covered first by a thin layer of MoS2 flakes and then a SWCNT film. The films were examined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The MoS2 flake thickness ranged from 5 to 90 nm while the nanosheet’s lateral dimensions size ranged up to 1 μm2. This insertion of MoS2 improved the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of the SWCNT/n-Si solar cells by approximately a factor of 2.
Generation Mechanism of Nonlinear Rayleigh Surface Waves for Randomly Distributed Surface Micro-Cracks
Authors: Ding Xiangyan , Li Feilong , Zhao Youxuan , Xu Yongmei , Hu Ning , Cao Peng , Deng Mingxi
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates the propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in structures with randomly distributed surface micro-cracks using numerical simulations. The results revealed a significant ultrasonic nonlinear effect caused by the surface micro-cracks, which is mainly represented by a second harmonic with even more distinct third/quadruple harmonics. Based on statistical analysis from the numerous results of random micro-crack models, it is clearly found that the acoustic nonlinear parameter increases linearly with micro-crack density, the proportion of surface cracks, the size of micro-crack zone, and the excitation frequency. This study theoretically reveals that nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves are feasible for use in quantitatively identifying the physical characteristics of surface micro-cracks in structures.
New Insights into Sensitization Mechanism of the Doped Ce (IV) into Strontium Titanate
Authors: Xie Taiping , Wang Yuan , Liu Chenglun , Xu Longjun
Published: April 2018

SrTiO3 and Ce4+ doped SrTiO3 were synthesized by a modified sol–gel process. The optimization synthesis parameters were obtained by a series of single factor experiments. Interesting phenomena are observable in Ce4+ doped SrTiO3 systems. Sr2+ in SrTiO3 system was replaced by Ce4+, which reduced the surface segregation of Ti4+, ameliorated agglomeration, increased specific surface area more than four times compared with pure SrTiO3, and enhanced quantum efficiency for SrTiO3. Results showed that Ce4+ doping increased the physical adsorption of H2O and adsorbed oxygen on the surface of SrTiO3, which produced additional catalytic active centers. Electrons on the 4f energy level for Ce4+ produced new energy states in the band gap of SrTiO3, which not only realized the use of visible light but also led to an easier separation between the photogenerated electrons and holes. Ce4+ repeatedly captured photoelectrons to produce Ce3+, which inhibited the recombination between photogenerated electrons and holes as well as prolonged their lifetime; it also enhanced quantum efficiency for SrTiO3. The methylene blue (MB) degradation efficiency reached 98.7% using 3 mol % Ce4+ doped SrTiO3 as a photocatalyst, indicating highly photocatalytic activity.
A Feasible One-Step Synthesis of Hierarchical Zeolite Beta with Uniform Nanocrystals via CTAB
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Ming Weixing , Hu Sufang , Qin Bo , Ma Jinghong , Li Ruifeng
Published: April 2018

A hierarchical zeolite Beta has been prepared by a feasible one-pot and one-step method, which is suitable for application in industrial production. The synthesis is a simple hydrothermal process with low-cost raw materials, without adding alcohol or adding seeds, and without aging, recrystallization, and other complex steps. The hierarchical zeolite Beta is a uniform nanocrystal (20–50 nm) aggregation with high external surface area (300 m2/g) and mesoporous volume (0.50 cm3/g), with the mesoporous structure composed of intercrystal and intracrystal pores. As an acid catalyst in benzylation of naphthalene with benzyl chloride, the hierarchical zeolite Beta has shown high activity in the bulky molecule reaction due to its introduction of mesostructure.
Properties of Basil and Lavender Essential Oils Adsorbed on the Surface of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Predoi Daniela , Groza Andreea , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Predoi Gabriel , Barbuceanu Florica , Guegan Regis , Motelica-Heino Mikael Stefan , Cimpeanu Carmen
Published: April 2018

The research conducted in this study presented for the first time results of physico-chemical properties and in vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroxyapatite plant essential oil against Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus 0364) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). The samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the morphology and structure of the nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite coated with basil (HAp-B) and lavender (HAp-L) essential oils (EOs). The values of the BET specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume (VP) and pore size (DP) were determined. The results for the physico-chemical properties of HAp-L and HAp-B revealed that lavender EOs were well adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite, whereas basil EOs showed a poor adsorption on the surface of hydroxyapatite. We found that the lavender EOs hydroxyapatite (HAp-L) exhibited a very good inhibitory growth activity. The value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) related to growth bacteria was 0.039 mg/mL for MRSA, 0.02 mg/mL for S. aureus and 0.039 mg/mL E. coli ATCC 25922. The basil EO hydroxyapatite (HAp-B) showed poor inhibition of bacterial cell growth. The MIC value was 0.625 mg/mL for the HAp-B sample in the presence of the MRSA bacteria, 0.313 mg/mL in the presence of S. aureus and 0.078 mg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922.
Maternal Age-Associated Congenital Anomalies Among Newborns: A Retrospective Study in Latvia
Authors: Zīle Irisa , Villeruša Anita
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. In Latvia, the mean age of women giving birth increased from 27.3 in 2000 to 29.0 years in 2010 during the last 11 years. The aim of this study was to report on major congenital anomalies of newborns at birth by the maternal age and to compare the mean maternal age by different diagnosis subgroups and maternal and neonatal characteristics. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional retrospective study with the data from the Medical Birth Register (2000–2010) was carried out. The live birth prevalence rate was calculated for the subgroups of major congenital anomalies per 10 000 live births by the maternal age. Results. The live birth prevalence rate of major congenital anomalies during the period 2000– 2010 was 211.4 per 10 000 live births. The prevalence rate increased depending on the maternal age. Congenital heart defects, limb defects, and urinary system anomalies were the most common anomalies. The study results showed an age-related risk of abdominal wall defects, orofacial clefts, and chromosomal anomalies. There were significantly higher proportions of preterm births, newborns with low birth weight, and complications during pregnancy among mothers aged 35 years and more. Conclusions. The data on congenital anomalies from the Latvian Medical Birth Register can be used for the assessment of epidemiology of congenital anomalies. The results of this retrospective study showed a decrease in the live birth prevalence rate of major congenital anomalies despite an increase in the mean age of mothers in Latvia.
Mortality of Lithuanian Population Over 2 Decades of Independence: Critical Points and Contribution of Major Causes of Death
Authors: Kalėdienė Ramunė , Sauliūnė Skirmantė
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to analyze trends in overall mortality and mortality from major causes of death, detect differences in cut points, and estimate the contribution of the major causes of death to the changes in overall mortality throughout 2 decades of independence in Lithuania (1991–2000 and 2001–2010). Material and Methods. Overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and external causes were analyzed for the periods of 1991–2000 and 2001–2010. Joinpoint analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points wherever a statistically significant change in mortality occurred, and analysis of components was applied for the assessment of the contribution of major causes of death. Results. The 1991–1994 period was identified as the most negative in terms of increasing mortality from all major causes of death, while the 2007–2010 period was most favorable, when the most significant decline in overall mortality was observed (4.84% per year for males and 4.41% per year for females). External causes contributed most to the growing overall mortality in 1991–1994 both for males and females (37.20% and 25.29%, respectively). Since 2007, all major causes contributed positively to the declining overall mortality of the Lithuanian population. The most significant contribution was made by cardiovascular diseases and external causes. Conclusions. Despite the considerable transformations of socioeconomic situation and economic crisis, it is likely that Lithuania is entering into the stage of positive health development. For assuring this trend in the future, investments in sustainable health and social developments are inevitable.
Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Hypoxic Full-Term Newborns
Authors: Kudrevičienė Aušrelė , Lukoševičius Saulius , Laurynaitienė Jūratė , Marmienė Vitalija , Tamelienė Rasa , Basevičius Algidas
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article was to review the studies on diagnostic and prognostic value of radiological investigations (cranial sonography, Doppler ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging) in the detection of hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries in full-term newborns. Materials and Methods. A systematic search of studies on the diagnostic and prognostic possibilities of radiological investigations for the detection of hypoxic-ischemic injuries in full-term newborns was performed. Results. A total of 13 prospective and 4 retrospective studies that analyzed the incidence of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injuries, determined by means of cranial sonography, Doppler sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and associations with the stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes were included in this systematic review. Conclusions. Magnetic resonance imaging detects lesions in 75%–100% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at the age of 7–11 days demonstrated a high sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%) to predict unfavorable outcomes at 4 years of age. In newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, substantial cerebral hemodynamic alterations are detected after birth. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of cerebral blood flow velocities (peak systolic flow velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity) changes at 12±2 hours of age to predict the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and unfavorable outcomes at 18 months of age were found to be high (90% and 94%, respectively). A low resistive index (<0.56) at the age of 1–3 days had a specificity of 95% to predict unfavorable outcomes at 3 years of age. The data on the diagnostic and prognostic potential of cranial sonography are limited scarce and contrary.
Lack of Association Between CYP17 Mspa1 Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 14 494 Cases and 15 971 Controls
Authors: Song Guoqi , Gu Ling , Tian Fuliang , Bao Qian , Tang Zhipeng , Wang Shukui
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. A T-to-C polymorphism that creates a recognition site for the MspA1 restriction enzyme in the 5’ promoter region of CYP17 has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. To date, many studies have evaluated associations between the CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk; however, the results were controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer. Material and Methods. By searching the Pubmed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO databases, 36 studies including 14 494 cases and 15 971 controls were collected. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Results. The overall results showed no significant association between the CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.25 for A2/A2 vs. A1/A1; OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92–1.12 for A1/A2 vs. A1/A1; OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94–1.22 for A2/A2 vs. A1/A2+A1/A1; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93–1.14 for A1/A2+A2/A2 vs. A1/A1). In the stratified analysis according to ethnicity, no significant associations were observed in Asian, European, and African populations in all genetic models. In the stratified analysis by the source of controls and inpatients were found to have an increased risk of prostate cancer in all genetic models. Conclusions. The meta-analysis suggests that the CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism is unlikely to increase the risk of prostate cancer in a wide population.
Heterogeneity of Oral Clefts in Relation to Associated Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Matulevičienė Aušra , Preikšaitienė Eglė , Linkevičienė Laura , Radavičius Marijus , Molytė Alma , Utkus Algirdas , Kučinskas Vaidutis
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. The first step in the search for the genetic basis of oral clefts should be the well-accepted classification and clinical data protocols, which are important in distinguishing separate phenotypic groups. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of congenital malformations associated with oral clefts between the different groups of oral clefts. Material and Methods. The study population comprised 238 patients with oral clefts and one or more major congenital anomalies. All cases of oral clefts were subdivided into 2 groups: patients with the recognized conditions (n=97, 40.8%) and patients with the multiple congenital anomalies of unknown origin (n=141, 59.2%). The frequency of associated congenital anomalies was compared between the cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) groups as well as between the cleft lip only (CL) and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) subgroups. Results. A total of 420 anomalies associated with oral clefts were diagnosed in 141 patients with multiple congenital anomalies (2.98 anomalies per proband) with the highest incidence being in the CP group (3.5 anomalies per proband). Comparison of the CP and CL/P groups showed that some of associated congenital anomalies such as atresia and stenosis of the small intestine and micrognathia occurred significantly more often in the CP than CL/P group (2.1% vs. 0% and 3.5% vs. 1.1%; P<0.05). Meanwhile, comparison of the CL and CLP subgroups revealed accessory auricle, other specified anomalies of the ear, congenital anomalies of the circulatory system, and certain congenital musculoskeletal deformities of the spine to be more common in the CL than CLP group (5.1% and 0.5%, 11.9% and 5.1%, 3.4% and 0%, 3.4% and 0%, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions. The highest incidence of associated congenital anomalies was in the CP group followed by the CL, CL/P, and CLP groups. Generally, the anomalies of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and face including eye, ear, and neck were most common. The careful analysis of associated anomalies and cases of oral cleft subgroups with multiple congenital anomalies is helpful in identifying the etiologic entities and underscores the need for thorough evaluation and competent distinction of various types of oral clefts.
A Mediastinal Mass Mimicking Asthma Symptoms
Authors: Misevičienė Valdonė , Labanauskas Liutauras , Kiudelienė Rosita , Kėvalas Rimantas , Zaveckienė Jurgita , Jankauskaitė Lina
Published: April 2018

Extramedullary myeloid sarcoma is a rare form of myelogenous leukemia. It can involve any anatomical body part. Mediastinal involvement is reported in only few cases. We report on a case of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma presenting as a mediastinal mass in a previously healthy nonleukemic male teenager with primary asthmatic complaints and the signs of superior vena cava syndrome.
High-Resolution Melting-Based Quantitative Analysis of RASSF1 Methylation in Breast Cancer
Authors: Stuopelytė Kristina , Daniūnaitė Kristina , Laurinavičienė Aida , Ostapenko Valerijus , Jarmalaitė Sonata
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. The aberrant promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a typical epigenetic alteration for breast cancer and can be detected in early carcinogenesis. High-throughput and cost-effective methods are needed for the early and sensitive detection of epigenetic changes in clinical material. The main purpose of our study was to optimize a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay for the reliable and quantitative assessment of RASSF1 gene methylation, which is considered one of the earliest epigenetic alterations in breast cancer. Material and Methods. A total of 76 breast carcinomas and 10 noncancerous breast tissues were studied by means of HRM and compared with the results obtained by means of quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Results. Both quantitative methods, HRM and QMSP, showed a similar specificity and sensitivity for the detection of RASSF1 methylation in breast cancer (about 80% and 70%, respectively). In breast cancer, the mean methylation intensity of RASSF1 was 42.5% and 48.6% according to HRM and QMSP, respectively. Both methods detected low levels of methylation (less than 5%) in noncancerous breast tissues. In comparison with quantitative methods, MSP showed a lower sensitivity (70%), but a higher specificity (80%) for the detection of RASSF1 methylation in breast cancer. Conclusions. HRM is as a simple, cost-effective method for the reliable high-throughput quantification of DNA methylation in clinical material.
Protecting the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Necrosis and Apoptosis: the Effect of Anthocyanins
Authors: Škėmienė Kristina , Jablonskienė Giedrė , Liobikas Julius , Borutaitė Vilmantė
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. It is well known that cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes to ischemic heart damage. There is also increasing evidence that the polyphenolic compounds of natural origin, such as anthocyanins, may attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury though the mechanisms of such protection are not clear. Following our previous studies showing the effect of certain anthocyanins on cytochrome c redox state, mitochondrial functions, and ischemia-induced caspase activation in the heart, here we investigated whether these anthocyanins can rescue cardiac cells from death by the mechanism involving the reduction of cytosolic cytochrome c. Material and Methods. Before global ischemia and reperfusion, isolated rat hearts were preloaded with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) that has high cytochrome c-reducing capacity or pelargonidin- 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) that possesses low reducing activity. Cell death was evaluated assessing apoptosis by the TUNEL method or necrosis measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase into perfusate. Results. The perfusion of hearts with 20-μM Cy3G prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes: the number of TUNEL-positive myocytes was decreased by 73% if compared with the untreated ischemic group. The same effect was observed measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase as the measure of necrosis: perfusion with 20-μM Cy3G reduced the level of LDH release into the perfusate to the control level. The perfusion of hearts with 20-μM Pg3G did not prevent ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis as well as necrosis. Conclusions. Cy3G protected the rat heart from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis and necrosis; meanwhile, Pg3G did not exert any protective effect. The protective effect of Cy3G may be related due to its high capacity to reduce cytosolic cytochrome c.
Relationship Between Oxidative Stress Parameters and Cystatin C Levels in Patients With Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Yalcin Saban , Ulas Turgay , Eren Mehmet , Aydogan Harun , Camuzcuoglu Aysun , Kucuk Ahmet , Yuce Hasan , Demir Mehmet , Vural Mehmet , Aksoy Nurten
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. Oxidative stress is believed to play a role in the development of preeclampsia (PE). It is known that an increased cystatin C level is also associated with PE. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress parameters and cystatin C levels in patients with severe PE. Material and Methods. Forty-four patients with severe PE and 40 healthy pregnant women were recruited for the study. All study subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=44) consisted of patients with severe PE, and group 2 (n=40) included healthy pregnant subjects. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects in order to measure the cystatin C level, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status. The oxidative stress index was calculated. Results. The group 1 had significantly higher cystatin C, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels and lower total antioxidant status level as compared with the group 2 (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.036, respectively). The serum cystatin C level was significantly correlated with the oxidative stress index (r=0.609, P<0.001). Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that both oxidative stress and cystatin C levels were increased in patients with PE, and the increased cystatin C levels seem to be a consequence of oxidative stress. Correspondence to
Revision Rates After Surgical Treatment for Femoral Neck Fractures: Results of 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Kurtinaitis Jaunius , Porvaneckas Narūnas , Kvederas Giedrius , Butėnas Tomas , Uvarovas Valentinas
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck account for a major share of fractures in the elderly. Open reduction and internal fixation has been shown to have a higher rate of revision surgery than arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the rates of revision surgery performed after internal fixation and primary total hip arthroplasty. Material and Methods. Between 2004 and 2006, 681 intracapsular femoral neck fractures in 679 consecutive patients were treated with internal fixation or total hip arthroplasty at our institution. Revision surgery rates were evaluated at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Results. There was no significant difference in the ratio of internal fixation to total hip arthroplasty during 2004–2006 (P=0.31). The mean rate of total hip arthroplasty was 19.1% with a lower rate being among patients younger than 60 years. Revision surgery rates at the 2-year followup were higher in the internal fixation group compared with total hip arthroplasty group (28.9% vs. 7.0%, P<0.001). Patients who underwent internal fixation were at a 4-fold greater risk of having revision surgery at the 2-year follow-up than those who underwent total hip arthroplasty (odds ratio, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.95–8.65; P<0.001). Age was a significant risk factor for revision surgery after total hip arthroplasty (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98; P=0.02), but not significant after the internal fixation (P=0.86). Conclusions. Higher revision surgery rates after internal fixation favors arthroplasty as a primary choice of treatment for the femoral neck fractures.