bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor progression marker for newly diagnosed drug‐naïve patients with Parkinson's disease: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Hou Yanbing , Zhang Lingyu , Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Gu Xiaojing , Liu Kuncheng , Lin Junyu , Yang Tianmi , Xiao Yi , Gong Qiyong , Shang Huifang
Published: October 2022

The effective early prediction of clinical outcomes of Parkinson's disease (PD) is of great significance in the implementation of appropriate interventions. We aimed to propose a method based on the use of baseline resting‐state functional characteristics (i.e., fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations, fALFF) to predict motor progression in PD patients. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 48 newly‐diagnosed drug‐naïve PD patients and 27 age‐ and sex‐ matched healthy controls (HCs). Two PD subgroups were defined with different annual increase of Unified PD Rating Scale Part III motor scores. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was performed to explore the baseline region‐functional indicators for PD discrimination as well as the predictors for future motor deficits. Two significant models composed of baseline fALFF values from cerebral subregions were proposed. The classification model that distinguished PD patients from HCs (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.897) showed the most significant imaging characteristics in the putamen and precentral gyrus. The other prediction model that evaluated the degree of future deterioration of motor symptoms in PD patients (AUC = 0.916) showed the most significant imaging characteristics in the superior occipital gyrus and caudate nucleus. Furthermore, the increased regional function in bilateral caudate nuclei was correlated with the lower annual increase in motor deficits in all PD patients. The caudate nucleus might be the core region responsible for future motor deficits in newly‐diagnosed PD patients, which may aid the development of disease progression preventive strategies in clinical practice.
Reliable brain morphometry from contrast‐enhanced T1w‐MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rebsamen Michael , McKinley Richard , Radojewski Piotr , Pistor Maximilian , Friedli Christoph , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Chan Andrew , Reyes Mauricio , Wagner Franca , Wiest Roland , Rummel Christian
Published: October 2022

Brain morphometry is usually based on non‐enhanced (pre‐contrast) T1‐weighted MRI. However, such dedicated protocols are sometimes missing in clinical examinations. Instead, an image with a contrast agent is often available. Existing tools such as FreeSurfer yield unreliable results when applied to contrast‐enhanced (CE) images. Consequently, these acquisitions are excluded from retrospective morphometry studies, which reduces the sample size. We hypothesize that deep learning (DL)‐based morphometry methods can extract morphometric measures also from contrast‐enhanced MRI. We have extended DL+DiReCT to cope with contrast‐enhanced MRI. Training data for our DL‐based model were enriched with non‐enhanced and CE image pairs from the same session. The segmentations were derived with FreeSurfer from the non‐enhanced image and used as ground truth for the coregistered CE image. A longitudinal dataset of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), comprising relapsing remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive (PPMS) subgroups, was used for the evaluation. Global and regional cortical thickness derived from non‐enhanced and CE images were contrasted to results from FreeSurfer. Correlation coefficients of global mean cortical thickness between non‐enhanced and CE images were significantly larger with DL+DiReCT (r = 0.92) than with FreeSurfer (r = 0.75). When comparing the longitudinal atrophy rates between the two MS subgroups, the effect sizes between PPMS and RRMS were higher with DL+DiReCT both for non‐enhanced (d = −0.304) and CE images (d = −0.169) than for FreeSurfer (non‐enhanced d = −0.111, CE d = 0.085). In conclusion, brain morphometry can be derived reliably from contrast‐enhanced MRI using DL‐based morphometry tools, making additional cases available for analysis and potential future diagnostic morphometry tools.
The role of adjuvant therapy in pT4N0 laryngectomized patients: Multicentric observational study
Authors: Mattioli Francesco , Serafini Edoardo , Lo Manto Alfredo , Mularoni Francesca , Abeshi Andi , Lionello Marco , Ferrari Marco , Paderno Alberto , Lancini Davide , Mattavelli Davide , Confuorto Gennaro , Marchi Filippo , Ioppi Alessandro , Sampieri Claudio , Mercante Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando , Petruzzi Gerardo , Crosetti Erika , Pellini Raul , Giuseppe Spriano , Giorgio Peretti , Piazza Cesare , Molteni Gabriele , Bertolin Andy , Succo Giovanni , Nicolai Piero , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Marchioni Daniele , Presutti Livio , Fermi Matteo
Published: October 2022

Background

To retrospectively evaluate oncological outcomes in two groups of patients with pT4aN0 glottic SCC treated with total laryngectomy (TL) and neck dissection (ND) who underwent postoperative radiotherapy or exclusive clinical and radiological follow‐up.

Methods

It includes patients with pT4N0 glottic SCC who underwent TL and unilateral or bilateral ND with or without PORT. Divided in two comparison groups: the first group underwent adjuvant RT (TL‐PORT); the second group referred to clinical and radiological follow‐up (TL).

Results

PORT was associated with a better OS while no differences were found in terms of DSS. A better local control is achieved when PORT is administered while no differences in terms of regional and distant control rates were found. Bilateral ND positively impacts on the regional control while the PNI negatively impact the regional control.

Conclusions

A tailored PORT protocol might be considered for pT4N0 glottic SCC treated with TL and ND, both considering the ND's extent and presence of PNI.
Chidamide: Targeting epigenetic regulation in the treatment of hematological malignancy
Authors: Cao Han‐Yu , Li Ling , Xue Sheng‐Li , Dai Hai‐Ping
Published: October 2022

Epigenetic alterations frequently participate in the onset of hematological malignancies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are essential for regulating gene transcription and various signaling pathways. Targeting HDACs has become a novel treatment option for hematological malignancies. Chidamide is the first oral selective HDAC inhibitor for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC10 and was first approved for the treatment of R/R peripheral T‐cell lymphoma by the China Food and Drug Administration in 2014. Chidamide was also approved under the name Hiyasta (HBI‐8000) in Japan in 2021. In vitro studies revealed that chidamide could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via cell cycle arrest and the regulation of apoptotic proteins. In clinical studies, chidamide was also efficacious in multiple myeloma, acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. This review includes reported experimental and clinical data on chidamide monotherapy or chidamide treatment in combination with chemotherapy for various hematological malignancies, offering a rationale for the renewed exploration of this drug.
Study of an unsteady fluctuative MHD flow of elasticoviscous liquid past a vertical porous plate
Authors: Muduly M. M. , Rath P. K. , Parida T. , Dash G. C. , Swain K.
Published: October 2022

Most flows which occur in nature/practical applications are fluctuating. The fluctuating motions superimposed on the main motion are complex. Further, the unsteadiness of the flow is an added reality to applications in various fields. The free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid past different types of vertical bodies subjected to a magnetic field is studied because of its wide range of applications in astrophysics, geophysics, aerodynamics, electromagnetic pumps, the flow of liquid metals, and so forth. In the present analysis, an attempt has been made to study the thermal radiation effect on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an incompressible elasticoviscous liquid (Walters‐B' fluid model) along an infinite hot vertical permeable surface embedded in a porous medium with heat source and chemical reaction. The governing equations of motion, energy, and concentration are solved by an approximate analytical method, that is, the successive perturbation technique and numerical method (Runge–Kutta with shooting). The solution procedure rests upon the basic assumption that the unsteady boundary layer involves a steady basic flow superimposed on an unsteady flow. The most striking outcome is that the combined effect of oscillation outflow, the elasticity of the fluid, and thermal as well as mass buoyancy overrides the resistive electromagnetic force and suction at the plate to enhance the velocity so that high values of magnetic strength are not desired. Further, a higher value of the heat source parameter accelerates the momentum diffusion resulting in the escalation of the velocity field. Fall of concentration is relatively faster in cases of heavier species as well as destructive reactions. The heat transfer coefficient assumes positive values indicating the heat flows from the plate to the fluid (cooling of the bounding surface and heating of the fluid). These observations may have industrial (design of heat exchanges) and therapeutic bearings.
From wetlands to wetlandscapes: Remote sensing calibration of process‐based hydrological models in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Mullen Connor , Bertassello Leonardo E. , Rao P. Suresh C. , Müller Marc F.
Published: October 2022

Wetlands are vital components of landscapes that sustain a range of important ecosystem services. Understanding how wetland‐rich landscapes—or wetlandscapes—will evolve under a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic encroachment is urgent. Wetlandscapes are highly heterogeneous, and scaling local modelling insights from individual instrumented wetlands to characterize landscape‐scale dynamics has been a pervasive challenge. We investigate the potential to use water extent information from satellite imagery to calibrate landscape‐scale process‐based hydrological models. Applications to wetlandscapes in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in North Dakota and the Texas Playa Lakes (TPL) shed light on two important trade‐offs. First, in‐situ monitoring provides accurate water extent information on an arbitrary subset of wetlands, whereas satellite imagery captures landscape‐scale hydrological dynamics but suffers persistent water‐detection challenges. Satellite imagery is a superior source of data for model calibration in sparsely monitored and spatially heterogeneous landscapes like the PPR, where the sampling uncertainty of monitored wetlands exceeds the water detection uncertainty of remote sensing. The two data sources are equivalent for more homogeneous landscapes like the TPL. The second tradeoff concerns the spatial resolution and temporal coverage of satellite imagery. In that regard, the 20 years of bi‐weekly images captured by Landsat 7 provides unprecedented insights into the dynamic nature of the ecohydrological characteristics of wetlandscapes, such as seasonal and inter‐annual changes of their metapopulation capacity. In the PPR, the amplitude of these dynamics far exceeds the bias introduced by Landsat's inability to capture ecologically important connectivity details due to its coarse spatial resolution compared to more recent imagery.
A propensity score‐matched analysis of oncological outcome after systemic therapy for stage IV colorectal cancer: Impact of synchronous ovarian metastases
Authors: van der Meer Richard , Bakkers Checca , van Erning Felice N. , Simkens Lieke H. J. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Roumen Rudi M. H.
Published: October 2022

The reported incidence of synchronous and metachronous ovarian metastases (OM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is ~3.4%. OM from CRC are often considered sanctuary sites due to their lower sensitivity to systemic treatment. It has thus been hypothesized that the presence of OM decreases overall survival. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of synchronous OM on overall survival in female patients with stage IV CRC treated with systemic therapy alone with palliative intent. The present study used data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and included female CRC patients with synchronous systemic metastases who were treated with systemic therapy between 2008 and 2018. A subsample was created using propensity score matching to create comparable groups. Propensity scores were determined using a logistic regression model in which the dependent variable was the presence of OM and the independent variables were the variables that differed significantly between both groups. Our study included 5253 patients with stage IV CRC that received systemic therapy. Among these patients, 161 (3%) had OM while 5092 (97%) had extra‐ovarian metastases only. Three‐year overall survival rates did not show a significant difference between patients with OM compared to patients without ovarian metastases. Moreover, the propensity score‐matched analysis showed that the presence of OM in patients treated with systemic therapy for stage IV CRC disease was not associated with decreased 3‐year overall survival. However, the results of the present study should be interpreted with caution, due to its observational character and used selection criteria.
Crop coefficient, reference crop evapotranspiration and water demand of dry‐season Boro rice as affected by climate variability: A case study from northeast Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Abedur , Ali Mustajab , Mojid Mohammad Abdul , Anjum Naveed , Haq Md Erfanul , Kainose Ayano , Dissanayaka K. D. C. R.
Published: October 2022

Climate variability and change significantly influence crop water demand by affecting crop coefficient (Kc), reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo, a grass reference) and potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The climatic effects on these hydroclimatic parameters were investigated in the past mostly for the entire crop growth period, but little or no information is available on their variation over different growth stages of the crops, specifically in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the climatic effects on these hydroclimatic parameters at the initial, development, mid‐season and late‐season growth stages of two rice varieties (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute [BRRI] dhan28 and BRRI dhan29) dominantly grown in the dry season in two northeast districts/subdistricts (Sylhet and Srimongal) as well as many other districts of Bangladesh. Kc, ET0 and ETc were analysed for the period from 1994 to 2015 using the analytical approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman–Monteith method. The results revealed that the Kc of the rice varieties increased in all growth stages over time, with the maximum Kc (1.247) in the mid‐season stage in Srimongal. ETo and ETc were found to be maximum in the mid‐season and late‐season stages, respectively. The potential crop water demand (CWRpot) greatly varied among the initial and development stages and between the two rice varieties. The initial and mid‐season growth stages of rice required more water than the other growth stages. The results on the growth stage‐wise variation of the hydroclimatic parameters pertinent to rice cultivation may greatly contribute to irrigation scheduling for dry‐season rice cultivation and planning water resources in the study region.
Label‐free detection of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: He Jiajia , Kang Deyong , Shen Tingfeng , Zheng Liqin , Zhan Zhenlin , Xi Gangqin , Ren Wenjiao , Chen Zhong , Qiu Lida , Xu Shuoyu , Li Lianhuang , Chen Jianxin
Published: October 2022

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a rare form of breast cancer with unique histological features, and is associated with high axillary lymph node metastasis and poor clinical prognosis. Thus, IMPC should be diagnosed in time to improve the treatment and management of patients. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is used to label‐free visualize the morphological features of IMPC. Our results demonstrate that MPM images are well in agreement with hematoxylin and eosin staining and epithelial membrane antigen staining, indicating MPM is comparable to traditional histological analysis in identifying the tissue structure and cell morphology. Statistical analysis shows significant differences in the circumference and area of the glandular lumen and cancer nest between the different IMPC cell clusters with complete glandular lumen morphology, and also shows difference in collagen length, width, and orientation, indicating the invasive ability of different morphologies of IMPC may be different.
Mercury and methylmercury differentially modulate hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed A. , El‐Ghiaty Mahmoud A. , El‐Kadi Ayman O. S.
Published: October 2022

The cytochrome P450 1 A (CYP1A) subfamily enzymes are involved in the metabolic activation of several xenobiotics to toxic metabolites and reactive intermediates, resulting ultimately in carcinogenesis. Mercury and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), typified by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), are persistent environmental pollutants involved in the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene battery, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. We previously investigated the effect of coexposure to either inorganic or organic mercury (Hg+2 and MeHg) with TCDD on CYP1A1 in vitro. Thus, we examined the impact of coexposure to Hg+2 or MeHg and TCDD on AHR‐regulated genes (Cyp1a1/1a2) in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with MeHg or Hg+2 (2.5 mg/kg) in the absence and presence of TCDD (15 μg/kg) for 6 or 24 h. The concentration‐dependent effect of MeHg was examined in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. In vivo, both MeHg and Hg2+ inhibited the TCDD‐mediated induction of Cyp1a1/1a2 mRNA levels. However, Only Hg2+ was able to inhibit the TCDD‐mediated induction at posttranscriptional levels of CYP1A1/1A2 protein and catalytic activity, suggesting differential modulation effects by Hg+2 and MeHg. In addition, the inhibitory role of HO‐1 (Heme oxygenase‐1) on CYP1A activity induced by TCDD was investigated using a HO‐1 competitive inhibitor, tin‐mesoporphyrin, that partially restored the MeHg‐mediated decrease in CYP1A1 activity. This study demonstrates that MeHg, alongside Hg2+, can differentially modulate the TCDD‐induced AHR‐regulated genes (Cyp1a1/1a2) at different expression levels in C57BL/6 mice liver and Hepa1c1c7 cells.
The importance of using routine laboratory tests in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Shedding light on clinical laboratory data in COVID‐19
Authors: Ghaznavi‐Rad Ehsanollah , Khosravi Mahmood , Sayyadi Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Background

Novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global concern and requires early detection, isolation, and treatment. Our purpose is to find some beneficial information by analyzing the COVID‐19 laboratory data to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Material and Methods

In this study, 174 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were admitted. We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters in these patients and in 80 healthy individuals.

Results

We found that there was significant difference between WBC, LYM, RBC, HB, and HCT parameters of patients and healthy counterparts (p < .001), though there was no remarkable change between NEU, MONO, PLT, and other characteristics of RBC values of patients and the control group (p ≥ .09). Among the evaluated biochemical parameters, the values of CK‐MB and LDH in the patient group were significantly different from the control group (p < .01), while other biochemical indicators were in the normal range.

Conclusion

Several hematological and biochemistry parameters, in particular WBC, LYM, RBC, HB, HCT, CK‐MB, and LDH, could be beneficial supplementary approach for COVID‐19 infection evaluation to confirm risk stratification and effective management.
Does atrazine induce changes in predator recognition, growth, morphology, and metamorphic traits of larval skipper frogs (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis)?
Authors: Supekar Swapnil C. , Gramapurohit Narahari P.
Published: October 2022

Atrazine, an info disruptor, interferes with the olfaction of aquatic organisms by impairing the chemosensory system. Consequently, it affects behavior, physiology, and growth increases mortality and infections, and suppresses the immune system of aquatic animals. In this study, we wanted to determine the sensitivity of larval Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis to different concentrations of atrazine by assessing their antipredator behavior, growth, morphology, and metamorphic traits. The results indicate that exposure to atrazine did not affect the survival of tadpoles. However, it caused retarded growth at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the antipredator behavior of tadpoles toward conspecific alarm cues decreased in a dose‐dependent manner with an increase in the concentration of atrazine. Tadpoles exposed to low concentrations of atrazine had deeper, wider bodies and tails while those exposed to higher concentrations had shallower and narrower bodies with shallower tail muscles. However, at low and moderate concentrations atrazine did not affect size at metamorphosis, it extended the larval duration at higher concentrations.
The miracle of Maglavit (1935) and the Romanian psychology of religion
Authors: Iagher Matei
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the debates around the “miracle of Maglavit”, a shepherd's vision of God that took place in 1935 in Romania and attracted much contemporary popular and intellectual interest. The debates drew in arguments from doctors and theologians, who discussed the psychology of divine revelation and tried to elaborate the implications that such an event could have for the life of the Romanian nation. The paper places these debates in the context of wider contemporary discussions about psychology and religion. I argue that what Maglavit shows is that, in Romania at least, public debates about visionary experience in the 1930s were not only debates about its psychology, but of a psychology thoroughly imbricated with political concerns.
Comparison of Three Ultrasmall, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI at 3.0 T
Authors: Colbert Caroline M. , Ming Zhengyang , Pogosyan Arutyun , Finn J. Paul , Nguyen Kim‐Lien
Published: October 2022

Background

The ultrasmall, superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle ferumoxytol has unique applications in cardiac, vascular, and body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its long intravascular half‐life and suitability as a blood pool agent. However, limited availability and high cost have hindered its clinical adoption. A new ferumoxytol generic, and the emergence of MoldayION as an alternative USPIO, represent opportunities to expand the use of USPIO‐enhanced MRI techniques.

Purpose

To compare in vitro and in vivo MRI relaxometry and enhancement of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION.

Study Type

Prospective.

Animal Model

Ten healthy swine and six swine with artificially induced coronary narrowing underwent cardiac MRI.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T; T1‐weighted (4D‐MUSIC, 3D‐VIBE, 2D‐MOLLI) and T2‐weighted (2D‐HASTE) sequences pre‐ and post‐contrast.

Assessment

We compared the MRI relaxometry of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION using saline, plasma, and whole blood MRI phantoms with contrast concentrations from 0.26 mM to 2.10 mM. In‐vivo contrast effects on T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences and fractional intravascular contrast distribution volume in myocardium, liver, and spleen were evaluated.

Statistical Tests

Analysis of variance and covariance were used for group comparisons. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The r1 relaxivities for Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION in saline (22 °C) were 7.11 ± 0.13 mM−1 s−1, 8.30 ± 0.29 mM−1 s−1, 8.62 ± 0.16 mM−1 s−1, and the r2 relaxivities were 111.74 ± 3.76 mM−1 s−1, 105.07 ± 2.20 mM−1 s−1, and 109.68 ± 2.56 mM−1 s−1, respectively. The relationship between contrast concentration and longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rate was highly linear in saline and plasma. The three agents produced similar in vivo contrast effects on T1 and T2 relaxation time‐weighted sequences.

Data Conclusion

Relative to clinically approved ferumoxytol formulations, MoldayION demonstrates minor differences in in vitro relaxometry and comparable in vivo MRI characteristics.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Banking 4.0: The era of artificial intelligence‐based fintech
Authors: Kumar Aishwarya , Srivastava Ankita , Gupta Puneet Kumar
Published: October 2022

Financial technology is changing the banking industry. A blend of high‐tech inventions is altering business as it reacts to unpredictability, indecisions, intricacy, and vagueness in the financial area. Banks are embracing this change and adapting financial technology in their banking products and services in customer advisory, artificial intelligence models, blockchain security, and many more. Given the dearth of literature on the arising subject of Fintech banking this paper provides a status quo and the trend of Fintech banking. A review is done of 3268 documents from the data extracted from Google Scholar for the year 1966–2021. Qualitative analysis including co‐occurrence analysis and the trend analysis was applied with the help of documents analysis, citation analysis, influential journals and authors, and leading countries in the research space. The results were achieved using the NVivo and Vosviewer software. The results identified significant topics trending in this space which include credit risk, artificial intelligence models, robot‐advisory, and decentralized blockchain usage in banking management.
Quantitative determination of major alkaloids in areca nut products by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Lu Ying , Yu Jianna , Liu Wen , Jing Guoxing , Li Wenshan , Liu Wenjie
Published: October 2022

Areca nut is a popular and addictive food as well as a traditional herbal medicine in many countries. Areca nut contains alkaloids including arecoline, guvacine, and arecaidine, which are the major bioactive compounds in areca products. Areca alkaloids can be carcinogenic, and thus sensitive and specific analytical methods are urgently desired for the identification and quantification of these compounds. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐based methods are often preferred, but areca alkaloids do not have chromophores, and detection using a traditional UV detector can be difficult. The complexity of areca sample extracts can also lead to the co‐elution of peaks leading to poor quantitative performance. We report here high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ion mobility spectrometer for sensitive determination of areca alkaloids in various products including areca nut, areca nut products, and herbal oral liquid. An X‐Bridge reversed‐phase C18 column was used in the experiment and was combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ion mobility spectrometer system. A custom‐made adjustable post‐column splitter acted as an interface between the high‐performance liquid chromatography and the ion mobility spectrometer; it also acted as the electrospray ionization source. The mobile phase was methanol and 0.5% ammonium hydroxide. The results demonstrate that the splitter can afford a wide range of split ratios that match the ion mobility spectrometer ionization source while keeping the separation efficiency of high‐performance liquid chromatography. Three major alkaloid compounds were then accurately determined using the resulting method without dativization steps. Many coeluted high‐performance liquid chromatography peaks are effectively separated in the ion mobility spectrometer dimension, which in turn improved the quantification accuracy.
A model for continuous sample feed and separation with counter‐current chromatography based on elution‐extrusion mode and its application
Authors: Sun Xiao , Huang Xin‐Yi , Pei Dong , Liu Jian‐Fei , Di Duo‐Long
Published: October 2022

A novel and meaningful theoretical model was established with counter‐current chromatography based on the elution‐extrusion mode for efficient continuous separation. For the experimental verification of the theory, the separation of the binary mixture luteolin/baicalein was studied. The velocity model and volume model of the chromatographic separation behavior of the target compounds in the separation process were given by theoretical analysis. The results showed that this method had obvious advantages in the separation of binary mixtures. In addition, the established model was used to predict and isolate oleuropein from olive leaves. A two‐phase solvent system of n‐butanol/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:19:1:19, v/v/v/v) was chosen for the continuous separation of oleuropein. After optimizing the conditions in this way, a large amount of sample loading was achieved; the volume of injections can reach 48 ml, approximately 35.29% of the volume of the counter‐current chromatography column, and oleuropein with a purity of 86.42% was obtained within 80 min. The model provided technical support for the prediction of chromatographic behavior and operating parameters during continuous separation and preparation of counter‐current chromatography. It has great application prospects and significance in separation preparation, especially in large‐scale industrial preparation.
Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematological malignancy (EDHM): A series of nine cases
Authors: Bakr Farrah , Costa Joaninha , Cabecadas Jose , Cabrera Rafael , Cravo Mariana , Rafael Margarida , Bakshi Arti , Robson Alistair
Published: October 2022

Background

Nonspecific cutaneous eruptions in patients with haematological malignancies are not uncommon. Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematological malignancy (EDHM), previously known as an ‘insect bite‐like’ reaction, has been reported in a wide range of haematological malignancies, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Its exact pathogenetic mechanism is unclear.

Objectives

To further characterise this eruption, review the literature of this rare condition and discuss its nosological status with respect to several differential diagnoses.

Methods

Nine patients with a diagnosis of EDHM were identified retrospectively and the clinical and histological features were reviewed.

Results

The morphology of the cutaneous eruptions varied between patients with macules, papules, nodules, vesicles or bullae all reported. Eight out of the nine cases had a known underlying malignancy. The cutaneous eruption preceded and led to the diagnosis of a splenic marginal zone lymphoma in one patient. Eosinophils were identified in all histological specimens. Other common features included bullae, lymphocytic infiltrates and apoptotic keratinocytes. CD20(+) B‐cells were only observed in one case.

Conclusions

We present a series of nine patients with EDHM associated with a range of haematological malignancies and with varied clinical presentations. The histological features however were consistent. We postulate potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this uncommon condition, which is most likely due to a dysregulated immune system driving a T‐cell and eosinophil‐mediated hypersensitivity reaction.
Liberating more than light: Laser removal of branding tattoos is impactful in the recovery of sex trafficking survivors
Authors: Guo Emily L. , Kream Elizabeth , Merlo Alisha , Friedman Paul M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Sex trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in commercial sex acts. In 2020, 16,658 individuals were identified as sex trafficking victims in the United States, with thousands more not reported. Many victims are branded by their traffickers with tattoos conveying ownership, including names, symbols, and barcodes. We have partnered with local non‐profits in Houston supporting sex trafficking survivors by providing pro bono laser tattoo removal, however we believe there is a greater need at a national level to support these survivors, allowing them to reclaim their bodies.

Methods

An online survey aimed at assessing the need and potential impact for pro bono branding tattoo laser removal services was distributed to United States organizations that support sex trafficking survivors.

Results

Forty organizations based in the Northeast (15%), Midwest (20%), South (45%), and West (20%) responded. Organizations support on average 81 survivors annually, ranging from 3 to 600 survivors, and estimate that 47% of survivors have branding tattoos. Among survivors with branding tattoos, approximately 67% were identified at an appropriate recovery stage to undergo laser removal. On a scale of 1–10 with 10 being the most impactful on recovery, removal of branding tattoos received an average impact score of 9.2. On a scale of 1–10, with 10 being the most need, pro bono services for laser removal received an average need score of 9.1. Qualitative responses provided several insights: laser removal may be associated with enhanced healing compared to tattoo cover‐up, and survivors frequently move during their recovery process thus a successful removal campaign would require a nationwide network of partnering laser surgeons.

Conclusions

Approximately 1 in 2 sex trafficking survivors are estimated to have branding tattoos and the removal of these tattoos is recognized as highly impactful on recovery. We propose a philanthropic campaign which involves the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (ASLMS) establishing a national directory to connect sex trafficking survivors seeking removal of branding tattoos with interested ASLMS board‐certified physician members.
Circularly polarized directive hybrid patch/horn antenna for upper band 5G applications
Authors: Shehata Rania Eid A. , Hindy Moataza , Elmekati Hamdi , Elboushi Ayman
Published: October 2022

A circularly polarized high gain hybrid rectangular patch/horn antenna with chamfered corners is presented in this paper. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed design extends from 26.7 to 28.7 GHz. The suggested design antenna exhibits circular polarization propagation over the working band, which is achieved by introducing chamfered corner overlapped patch antennas surrounded by the truncated pyramidal horn. The main purpose of this horn is to enhance the overall gain without any deterioration of other antenna characteristics (more than 4 dB over the operating band when compared to the patch antenna). The maximum measured gain of the hybrid antenna is 10.9 dBi. The radiation patterns of the hybrid antenna show directive broadside radiation with stable performance over the whole frequency band. The suggested antenna is analyzed and designed applying both the numerical simulator (CSTMWS and HFSS).
Gestational malnutrition, hyperemesis gravidarum, and Wernicke's encephalopathy: What is missing?
Authors: Erick Miriam
Published: October 2022

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), or the severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, is one of the most dreaded complications of gestation, affecting between 1.5% and 3.0% of pregnant women. From the late 1800s to the mid‐1980s, the etiology was frequently cited to have psychological and/or—later—perhaps hormonal origins, which have numbered at least 10. Current research has unearthed a genetic basis for HG that implicates growth differentiation factor 15, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 7, and hormone receptors (namely, glial cell line–derived neurogenic factor family receptor alpha‐like and the progesterone receptor). Whatever the origins of this disease, it has caused immeasurable physiological and psychological damage to women, their fetuses, and their families. The psychological trauma includes a high rate of suicidal ideation as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. Whereas the healthcare costs are substantial for the mother with HG, the lifetime costs to the neonate include that which accompanies reduced employment earnings related to cognitive compromise. Another devastating outcome of severe HG can be Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), which has a high fetal and maternal mortality rate. Our study explored 18 current reports of HG and WE. We highlighted additional presenting features we believe also accompany, and sometimes replace, the classically taught triad components of WE: ataxia, confabulation, and nystagmus. We agree with the conclusion made by Sheehan and Ironside in 1939 that thiamin alone may not reverse WE, and we offer possible explanations. Lastly, we offer suggestions for remediation.
The scaled boundary finite element method for dispersive wave propagation in higher‐order continua
Authors: Daneshyar Alireza , Sotoudeh Payam , Ghaemian Mohsen
Published: October 2022

The classical theory of elasticity relies on the perfect structure of matter. No matter how small a medium is, it always stays homogeneous—but the reality is different. Even though the classical continuum mechanics suffices well for describing phenomena that evolve at super‐microscopic scales, it ceases to reproduce reasonable responses when the size effects are pronounced. It is due to the local constitutive equations of classical continuum mechanics, which are devoid of any length scales associated with the underlying microstructure. The gradient‐dependent theory of elasticity redresses this shortcoming by incorporating the kinematic quantities of the corresponding representative volume element by enriching the differential equations with higher‐order spatial and temporal derivatives. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method is formulated for the equations of motion with higher‐order inertia terms. To this end, the semi‐discretized scaled boundary finite element equations of the medium are derived by introducing the scaled boundary transformation of geometry to the gradient‐enriched equations of motion and applying the Galerkin method of weighted residuals. It is shown that the well‐established available solution methods are incapable of handling the frequency‐domain representation of the derived formulation. Accordingly, a numerical solution method based on the shooting technique is proposed. The solution procedure is formulated for general numerical integration schemes via the infinite Taylor series. The evolution of the impedance‐diffusion matrix and contribution of inter‐subdomain forces and tractions are extracted. Four different numerical integration methods are employed to describe the solution procedure. In addition, a comparison regarding their computational efficiency is presented. For the sake of verification, the scaled boundary finite element solutions of three numerical examples are compared with reference solutions that are obtained using finite element models with extremely fine meshes. The convergence trends are also presented for both ‐ and ‐refinement methods. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed formulation in reproducing accurate responses.
A fast numerical solution of the 3D nonlinear tempered fractional integrodifferential equation
Authors: Qiao Leijie , Qiu Wenlin , Tang Bo
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the numerical solution of the three‐dimensional (3D) nonlinear tempered fractional integrodifferential equation which is subject to the initial and boundary conditions. The backward Euler (BE) method in association with the first‐order convolution quadrature rule is employed to discretize this equation for time, and the Galerkin finite element method is applied for space, which is combined with an alternating direction implicit (ADI) algorithm, in order to reduce the computational cost for solving the three‐dimensional nonlocal problem. Then a fully discrete BE ADI Galerkin finite element scheme can be obtained by linearizing the non‐linear term. Thereafter we prove a positive‐type lemma, from which the stability and convergence of the proposed numerical scheme are derived based on the energy method. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Evaluation of the pan‐class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor copanlisib in the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium in vivo models of osteosarcoma
Authors: Harrison Douglas , Gill Jonathan , Roth Michael , Hingorani Pooja , Zhang Wendong , Teicher Beverly , Earley Eric , Erickson Stephen , Gatto Gregory , Kurmasheva Raushan , Houghton Peter , Smith Malcolm , Anders Kolb E. , Gorlick Richard
Published: October 2022

Copanlisib is a pan‐class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, with activity against all four PI3K class I isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ, and PI3Kδ). Whole‐genome and RNA sequencing data have revealed several PI3K aberrations in osteosarcoma tumor samples. The in vivo anticancer effects of copanlisib were assessed in a panel of six osteosarcoma models. Copanlisib induced prolonged event‐free survival in five of six osteosarcoma models; however, all models demonstrated progressive disease suggesting minimal activity. While copanlisib did not result in tumor regression, more data are needed to fully explore the role of the PI3K pathway in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
Development of a multivariate prediction model to identify individual case safety reports which require clinical review
Authors: Gosselt Helen R. , Bazelmans Elizabeth A. , Lieber Thomas , van Hunsel Florence P. A. M. , Härmark Linda
Published: October 2022

Background

The number of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) in pharmacovigilance databases are rapidly increasing world‐wide. The majority of ICSRs at the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb is reviewed manually to identify potential signal triggering reports (PSTR) or ICSRs which need further clinical assessment for other reasons.

Objectives

To develop a prediction model to identify ICSRs that require clinical review, including PSTRs. Secondly, to identify the most important features of these reports.

Methods

All ICSRs (n = 30 424) received by Lareb between October 1, 2017 and February 26, 2021 were included. ICSRs originating from marketing authorisation holders and ICSRs reported on vaccines were excluded. The outcome was defined as PSTR (yes/no), where PSTR ‘yes’ was defined as an ICSR discussed at a signal detection meeting. Nineteen features were included, concerning structured information on: patients, adverse drug reactions (ADR) or drugs. Data were divided into a training (70%) and test set (30%) using a stratified split to maintain the PSTR/no PSTR ratio. Logistic regression, elastic net logistic regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting models were trained and tuned on a training set. Random down‐sampling of negative controls was applied on the training set to adjust for the imbalanced dataset. Final models were evaluated on the test set. Model performances were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and specificity and precision were assessed at a threshold for perfect sensitivity (100%, to not miss any PSTRs). Feature importance plots were inspected and a selection of features was used to re‐train and test model performances with fewer features.

Results

1439 (4.7%) of reports were PSTR. All three models performed equally with a highest AUC of 0.75 (0.73–0.77). Despite moderate model performances, specificity (5%) and precision (5%) were low. Most important features were: ‘absence of ADR in the Summary of product characteristics’, ‘ADR reported as serious’, ‘ADR labelled as an important medical event’, ‘ADR reported by physician’ and ‘positive rechallenge’. Model performances were similar when using only nine of the most important features.

Conclusions

We developed a prediction model with moderate performances to identify PSTRs with nine commonly available features. Optimisation of the model using more ICSR information (e.g., free text fields) to increase model precision is required before implementation.
Interplay between hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in cysteine
Authors: Carugo Oliviero
Published: October 2022

Protein structures are stabilized by several types of chemical interactions between amino acids, which can compete with each other. This is the case of chalcogen and hydrogen bonds formed by the thiol group of cysteine, which can form three hydrogen bonds with one hydrogen acceptor and two hydrogen donors and a chalcogen bond with a nucleophile along the extension of the CS bond. A survey of the Protein Data Bank shows that hydrogen bonds are about 40–50 more common than chalcogen bonds, suggesting that they are stronger and, consequently, prevail, though not always. It is also observed that frequently a thiol group that forms a chalcogen bond is also involved, as a hydrogen donor, in a hydrogen bond.
Worker intra‐urban residential migration and spatial labour market change in Melbourne's functional economic regions
Authors: Li Tiebei , Dodson Jago
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the intra‐urban residential migration of workers in Melbourne and assesses the spatial effects of this dynamic on urban internal structure and spatial labour markets. Intra‐urban migration is an important category of internal migration that relocates human and social capital in urban areas, contributing to changes in urban residential and labour market structure. This paper fills the gap in internal migration literature by determining spatial residential movement dynamics through a spatial analysis of census‐based intra‐urban migration flow data. In addition to detailed migration flow analysis undertaken at a local scale, the paper contributes an improved economic data geography based on functional economic regions (FERs) that permits analysis of the intersection of worker migration flows with sub‐metropolitan labour markets. Our results show that intra‐urban migration results in a strong outward flow of workers in Melbourne, which primarily appears to be shaped by spatial housing markets. This process, in turn, contributes to the dispersion of labour markets in Melbourne, complicating policy aims concerning urban agglomeration and limiting urban spatial expansion.
Antibiotic administration via indwelling peritoneal catheter to treat infected malignant ascites
Authors: Jayawardena Thisuri , Vekaria Sona , Krivinskas Sophie , Sidhu Calvinjit , Chakera Aron , Lee Y. C. Gary
Published: October 2022

Indwelling pleural catheter is an established management for malignant pleural effusions. Extending its use to patients with malignant ascites by insertion of a catheter intraperitoneally enables regular outpatient drainage and improves quality‐of‐life. However, indwelling pleural/peritoneal catheter (IPC/IPeC) is associated with catheter‐related infections, traditionally managed with systemic antibiotics and occasionally requires catheter removal. Direct administration of antibiotics intra‐abdominally via peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is a well‐established, efficacious practice in PD‐related peritonitis and minimizes systemic adverse effects. We applied the same principles to a patient with peritoneal mesothelioma who developed peritonitis 3 weeks after insertion of IPeC. Intraperitoneal vancomycin was administered via, and compatible with, the IPeC. The patient tolerated the treatment without adverse effects and made a full recovery without requiring catheter removal.