bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P300/HDAC1 regulates the acetylation/deacetylation and autophagic activities of LC3/Atg8–PE ubiquitin-like system
Authors: Wu Wenmei , Li Kang , Guo Sanyou , Xu Jing , Ma Qiuqin , Li Shuyan , Xu Xianying , Huang Zhijun , Zhong Yangjin , Tettamanti Gianluca , Cao Yang , Li Sheng , Tian Ling
Published: May 2021

Protein acetylation plays potential roles in regulating autophagy occurrence. However, it varies greatly between yeast and mammals, and has not been thoroughly investigated in other organisms. Here, we reported that the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system (BmAtg3, BmAtg4, BmAtg7, and BmAtg8) in Bombyx mori were localized in the nucleus under nutrient-rich conditions, whereas they were exported to the cytoplasm upon autophagy induction. RNAi of BmP300 and inhibition of BmP300 activity resulted in nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of BmAtg3 and BmAtg8, as well as premature induction of autophagy in the absence of stimulus. Conversely, RNAi of BmHDAC1 and inhibition of class I/II HADCs activities led to the nuclear accumulation of BmAtg3 and BmAtg8. In addition, acetylation sites in Atg proteins of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system were identified by mass spectrometry, and acetylation-site mutations caused nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of BmAtg3, BmAtg4, and BmAtg8 along with autophagy promotion. Similarly, the subcellular localization of human ATG4b is determined by acetylation modification. In general, BmP300-mediated acetylation sequesters the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system in the nucleus, thus leading to the autophagy inhibition. Oppositely, BmHDAC1-mediated deacetylation leads to the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system and promotes autophagy. This process is evolutionarily conserved between insects and mammals.
Competition of two highly specialized and efficient acetoclastic electroactive bacteria for acetate in biofilm anode of microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Sapireddy Veerraghavulu , Katuri Krishna P. , Muhammad Ali , Saikaly Pascal E.
Published: May 2021

Maintaining functional stability of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) treating wastewater depends on maintaining functional redundancy of efficient electroactive bacteria (EAB) on the anode biofilm. Therefore, investigating whether efficient EAB competing for the same resources (electron donor and acceptor) co-exist at the anode biofilm is key for the successful application of MEC for wastewater treatment. Here, we compare the electrochemical and kinetic properties of two efficient acetoclastic EAB, Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS) and Desulfuromonas acetexigens (DA), grown as monoculture in MECs fed with acetate. Additionally, we monitor the evolution of DA and GS in co-culture MECs fed with acetate or domestic wastewater using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The apparent Monod kinetic parameters reveal that DA possesses higher jmax (10.7 ± 0.4 A/m2) and lower KS, app (2 ± 0.15 mM) compared to GS biofilms (jmax: 9.6 ± 0.2 A/m2 and KS, app: 2.9 ± 0.2 mM). Further, more donor electrons are diverted to the anode for respiration in DA compared to GS. In acetate-fed co-culture MECs, DA (98% abundance) outcompete GS for anode-dependent growth. In contrast, both EAB co-exist (DA: 55 ± 2%; GS: 24 ± 1.1%) in wastewater-fed co-culture MECs despite the advantage of DA over GS based on kinetic parameters alone. The co-existence of efficient acetoclastic EAB with high current density in MECs fed with wastewater is significant in the context of functional redundancy to maintain stable performance. Our findings also provide insight to future studies on bioaugmentation of wastewater-fed MECs with efficient EAB to enhance performance.
Automated percent mammographic density, mammographic texture variation, and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Rice Megan S. , Zeleznik Oana A. , Fowler Erin E. , Murthy Divya , Vachon Celine M. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Rosner Bernard A. , Heine John , Tamimi Rulla M.
Published: May 2021

Percent mammographic density (PMD) is a strong breast cancer risk factor, however, other mammographic features, such as V, the standard deviation (SD) of pixel intensity, may be associated with risk. We assessed whether PMD, automated PMD (APD), and V, yielded independent associations with breast cancer risk. We included 1900 breast cancer cases and 3921 matched controls from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII. Using digitized film mammograms, we estimated PMD using a computer-assisted thresholding technique. APD and V were determined using an automated computer algorithm. We used logistic regression to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Median time from mammogram to diagnosis was 4.1 years (interquartile range: 1.6–6.8 years). PMD (OR per SD:1.52, 95% CI: 1.42, 1.63), APD (OR per SD:1.32, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.41), and V (OR per SD:1.32, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.40) were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Associations for APD were attenuated but remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment for PMD or V. Women in the highest quartile of both APD and V (OR vs Q1/Q1: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.02, 3.06), or PMD and V (OR vs Q1/Q1: 3.57, 95% CI: 2.79, 4.58) had increased breast cancer risk. An automated method of PMD assessment is feasible and yields similar, but somewhat weaker, estimates to a manual measure. PMD, APD and V are each independently, positively associated with breast cancer risk. Women with dense breasts and greater texture variation are at the highest relative risk of breast cancer.
Multiomics characteristics of neurogenesis-related gene are dysregulated in tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Ben , Mou Hai , Liu Mengmeng , Ran Zhujie , Li Xin , Li Jie , Ou Yunsheng
Published: May 2021

The success of immunotherapy was overshadowed by its low response rate, and the hot or cold tumor microenvironment was reported to be responsible for it. However, due to the lack of an appropriate method, it is still a huge challenge for researchers to understand the molecular differences between hot and cold tumor microenvironments. Further research is needed to gain deeper insight into the molecular characteristics of the hot/cold tumor microenvironment. A large-scale clinical cohort and single-cell RNA-seq technology were used to identify the molecular characteristics of inflamed or noninflamed tumors. With single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we provided a novel method to dissect the tumor microenvironment into a hot/cold tumor microenvironment to help us understand the molecular differences between hot and cold tumor microenvironments. Compared with cold tumors, hot tumors highly expressed B cell-related genes, such as MS4A1 and CXCR5, neurogenesis-related miRNA such as MIR650, and immune molecule-related lncRNA such as MIR155HG and LINC00426. In cold tumors, the expression of genes related to multiple biological processes, such as the neural system, was significantly upregulated, and methylome analysis indicated that the promoter methylation level of genes related to neurogenesis was significantly reduced. Finally, we investigated the pan-cancer prognostic value of the cold/hot microenvironment and performed pharmacogenomic analysis to predict potential drugs that may have the potential to convert the cold microenvironment into a hot microenvironment. Our study reveals the multiomics characteristics of cold/hot microenvironments. These molecular characteristics may contribute to the understanding of immune exclusion and the development of microenvironment-targeted therapy.
Abscisic acid implicated in differential plant responses of Phaseolus vulgaris during endophytic colonization by Metarhizium and pathogenic colonization by Fusarium
Authors: Hu Shasha , Bidochka Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Metarhizium robertsii is an insect pathogen as well as an endophyte, and can antagonize the phytopathogen, Fusarium solani during bean colonization. However, plant immune responses to endophytic colonization by Metarhizium are largely unknown. We applied comprehensive plant hormone analysis, transcriptional expression and stomatal size analysis in order to examine plant immune responses to colonization by Metarhizium and/or Fusarium. The total amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites decreased significantly in bean leaves by plant roots colonized by M. robertsii and increased significantly with F. solani compared to the un-inoculated control bean plant. Concomitantly, in comparison to the un-inoculated bean, root colonization by Metarhizium resulted in increased stomatal size in leaves and reduced stomatal size with Fusarium. Meanwhile, expression of plant immunity genes was repressed by Metarhizium and, alternately, triggered by Fusarium compared to the un-inoculated plant. Furthermore, exogenous application of ABA resulted in reduction of bean root colonization by Metarhizium but increased colonization by Fusarium compared to the control without ABA application. Our study suggested that ABA plays a central role in differential responses to endophytic colonization by Metarhizium and pathogenic colonization by Fusarium and, we also observed concomitant differences in stomatal size and expression of plant immunity genes.
Target of rapamycin, PvTOR, is a key regulator of arbuscule development during mycorrhizal symbiosis in Phaseolus
Authors: Arthikala Manoj-Kumar , Nanjareddy Kalpana , Blanco Lourdes , Alvarado-Affantranger Xóchitl , Lara Miguel
Published: May 2021

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved central growth regulator in eukaryotes that has a key role in maintaining cellular nutrient and energy status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mutualistic symbionts that assist the plant in increasing nutrient absorption from the rhizosphere. However, the role of legume TOR in AM fungal symbiosis development has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the function of legume TOR in the development and formation of AM fungal symbiosis. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of TOR transcripts in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots notably suppressed AM fungus-induced lateral root formation by altering the expression of root meristem regulatory genes, i.e., UPB1, RGFs, and sulfur assimilation and S-phase genes. Mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots had significantly more extraradical hyphae and hyphopodia than the control (empty vector) roots. Strong promoter activity of PvTOR was observed at the site of hyphal penetration and colonization. Colonization along the root length was affected in mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots and the arbuscules were stunted. Furthermore, the expression of genes induced by AM symbiosis such as SWEET1, VPY, VAMP713, and STR was repressed under mycorrhized conditions in PvTOR-knockdown roots. Based on these observations, we conclude that PvTOR is a key player in regulating arbuscule development during AM symbiosis in P. vulgaris. These results provide insight into legume TOR as a potential regulatory factor influencing the symbiotic associations of P. vulgaris and other legumes.
Macroscopically entangled light fields
Authors: Ham Byoung S.
Published: May 2021

A novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a coupled Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from a coupled MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.
A novel introgression line collection to unravel the genetics of climacteric ripening and fruit quality in melon
Authors: Pereira Lara , Santo Domingo Miguel , Argyris Jason , Mayobre Carlos , Valverde Laura , Martín-Hernández Ana Montserrat , Pujol Marta , Garcia-Mas Jordi
Published: May 2021

Introgression lines are valuable germplasm for scientists and breeders, since they ease genetic studies such as QTL interactions and positional cloning as well as the introduction of favorable alleles into elite varieties. We developed a novel introgression line collection in melon using two commercial European varieties with different ripening behavior, the climacteric cantalupensis ‘Védrantais’ as recurrent parent and the non-climacteric inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’ as donor parent. The collection contains 34 introgression lines, covering 99% of the donor genome. The mean introgression size is 18.16 Mb and ~ 3 lines were obtained per chromosome, on average. The high segregation of these lines for multiple fruit quality traits allowed us to identify 27 QTLs that modified sugar content, altered fruit morphology or were involved in climacteric ripening. In addition, we confirmed the genomic location of five major genes previously described, which control mainly fruit appearance, such as mottled rind and external color. Most of the QTLs had been reported before in other populations sharing parental lines, while three QTLs (EAROQP11.3, ECDQP11.2 and FIRQP4.1) were newly detected in our work. These introgression lines would be useful to perform additional genetic studies, as fine mapping and gene pyramiding, especially for important complex traits such as fruit weight and climacteric ripening.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea
Authors: Hamida Mohammed Elfatih , Raja Saud Mohammed , Petros Yodahi , Wahab Munir , Seyoum Yemane , Elkhidir Isam Mohammed , Tekle Freweini
Published: May 2021

Eritrea is an East African multiethnic country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients with liver disease. A total of 293 Eritrean patients with liver disease who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled. All sera were tested for liver transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and hepatitis B seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, and anti-HBeAb. Those reactive for HBsAg and anti-HBc (total) were further tested for HBV genotyping. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA viral load and ALT levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/mL and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. Using type-specific primer-based genotyping method, 122/293 (41.6%) could be genotyped. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (17.2%), E (15.6%), C/D (13.1%), and C/E (10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (7.4%), A/D (4.9%), D/E (4.1%), A (2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (0.8%) were also present. HBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of HBV genotypes. This is the first study of HBV genotyping among patients with liver disease in Eritrea.
Analysis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Inoue Misaki , Matsumoto Kiyoka , Tanaka Mizuki , Yoshida Yu , Satake Riko , Goto Fumiya , Shimada Kazuyo , Mukai Ririka , Hasegawa Shiori , Suzuki Takaaki , Ikesue Hiroaki , Liao Jun , Hashida Tohru , Nakamura Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2021

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse event associated with several antineoplastic drugs; however, the precise risks and time course of reactions of particular drugs are not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anticancer agents and CIPN development using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database and to characterize the time-to-onset and outcomes of CIPN. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy was defined using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms. Disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval for signal detection. Data of nine Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug categories correlated with CIPN development, in addition to the data of the time-to-onset and outcomes. Among 622,289 reports in the JADER database from April 2004 to March 2020, there were 1883 reports of adverse events corresponding to peripheral neuropathy. The ROR (95% confidence interval) for vinblastine, sorbent-based paclitaxel (sb-PTX), oxaliplatin, and bortezomib was 20.4 (12.5–33.4), 13.6 (11.9–15.7), 26.2 (23.6–29.1), and 30.8 (26.6–35.8), respectively. The median duration (interquartile range) to CIPN development after the administration of vinca alkaloids and analogues, taxanes, platinum compounds, and monoclonal antibodies was 11.0 (5.0–46.5), 22.5 (6.0–82.5), 22.0 (6.0–68.5), and 32.5 (11.3–73.8) days, respectively. The median duration (interquartile range) of sb-PTX and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-PTX was 35.0 (7.0–94.0) and 5.5 (3.0–29.3) days, respectively. Our analysis of records in the JADER database revealed several drugs associated with a high risk for CIPN development. In particular, the development of CIPN after vinca alkaloid administration should be closely monitored for 2 weeks after administration. CIPN caused by nab-PTX showed significantly faster onset than that by sb-PTX. Patients who receive taxanes or monoclonal antibodies often do not show an improvement; accordingly, early treatment is required.
An ERP study on facial emotion processing in young people with subjective memory complaints
Authors: Perez Vanesa , Garrido-Chaves Ruth , Perez-Alarcón Mario , Paiva Tiago O. , Pulopulos Matias M. , Hidalgo Vanesa , Salvador Alicia
Published: May 2021

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are commonly related to aging, but they are also presented by young adults. Their neurophysiological mechanisms are not thoroughly understood, although some aspects related to affective state have been mentioned. Here, we investigated whether facial emotion processing is different in young people with (n = 41) and without (n = 39) SMCs who were exposed to positive, negative, and neutral faces, by recording the event-related potential (ERP) activity. From the ERP activity, the N170 (an index of face processing) and the LPP (an index of motivated attention) components were extracted. Regarding the N170, results showed less amplitude for positive and neutral faces in the participants with SMCs than in those without SMCs. Moreover, women with SMCs displayed longer latencies for neutral faces than women without SMCs. No significant differences were found between the groups in the LPP component. Together, our findings suggest deficits in an early stage of facial emotion processing in young people with SMCs, and they emphasize the importance of further examining affective dimensions.
Role of cytoplasmic localization of maspin in promoting cell invasion in breast cancer with aggressive phenotype
Authors: Sakabe Tomohiko , Wakahara Makoto , Shiota Goshi , Umekita Yoshihisa
Published: May 2021

Mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) is a tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during carcinogenesis and breast cancer progression. While the nuclear localization of maspin is essential for tumor suppression, we previously reported that the cytoplasmic localization of maspin was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. To understand the mechanisms that underlie oncogenic role of cytoplasmic maspin, we studied its biological function in breast cancer cell lines. Subcellular localization of maspin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was mainly detected in the cytoplasm, whereas in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, maspin was present in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In MDA-MB-231 cells, maspin overexpression promoted cell proliferation and cell invasion, whereas maspin downregulation resulted in the opposite effect. Further, we observed that SRGN protein levels were increased in MDA-MB-231 cells stably overexpressing maspin. Finally, maspin overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the N-cadherin and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors upregulation, and TGFβ signaling pathway activation. These results suggested that cytoplasmic maspin enhances the invasive and metastatic potential in breast cancer cells with aggressive phenotype by inducing EMT via SRGN/TGFβ axis. This study demonstrated a novel biological function of cytoplasmic maspin in progression of breast cancer cells with an aggressive phenotype.
Converting tabular data into images for deep learning with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhu Yitan , Brettin Thomas , Xia Fangfang , Partin Alexander , Shukla Maulik , Yoo Hyunseung , Evrard Yvonne A. , Doroshow James H. , Stevens Rick L.
Published: May 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully used in many applications where important information about data is embedded in the order of features, such as speech and imaging. However, most tabular data do not assume a spatial relationship between features, and thus are unsuitable for modeling using CNNs. To meet this challenge, we develop a novel algorithm, image generator for tabular data (IGTD), to transform tabular data into images by assigning features to pixel positions so that similar features are close to each other in the image. The algorithm searches for an optimized assignment by minimizing the difference between the ranking of distances between features and the ranking of distances between their assigned pixels in the image. We apply IGTD to transform gene expression profiles of cancer cell lines (CCLs) and molecular descriptors of drugs into their respective image representations. Compared with existing transformation methods, IGTD generates compact image representations with better preservation of feature neighborhood structure. Evaluated on benchmark drug screening datasets, CNNs trained on IGTD image representations of CCLs and drugs exhibit a better performance of predicting anti-cancer drug response than both CNNs trained on alternative image representations and prediction models trained on the original tabular data.
Comparison of the TightRope system versus hook plate in acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Shen Guangsi , Sun Shengxuan , Tang Chengyang , Xie Ye , Li Liubing , Xu Wei , Xu Youjia , Zhou Haibin
Published: May 2021

This study compared the results of the minimally invasive coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a single TightRope (MITR) procedure and the hook plate (HP) procedure for acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation treatment. Sixteen patients with a mean age of 44.9 ± 11 years were treated with the MITR procedure. Nineteen patients with a mean age of 40.2 ± 8.7 years were treated using the HP procedure. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Constant–Murley Score (CMS), and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder score. Vertical displacement of the clavicle with reference to the height of the acromion was measured in standard anteroposterior radiographs. The mean follow-up was 27 months in the MITR group and 30 months in the HP group. No statistically significant differences were found between the MITR group and the HR group in terms of VAS score (0.4 ± 0.6 vs 0.7 ± 0.6, P = 0.138), UCLA Shoulder score (33.9 ± 2.5 vs 33.7 ± 1.5, P = 0.843), or CMS (95.7 ± 7.3 vs 93.7 ± 6.6, P = 0.400). No redislocation was identified in the HP group, while redislocation occurred in 1 of 16 (6.3%) patients in the MITR group. One patient in the HP group (5.3%) had acromial osteolysis, while no acromial osteolysis was found in the MITR group. No other adverse events, such as infections, tunnel widening, fractures, or implant-related complications, were observed. Both procedures provided satisfactory results. The HP procedure provided better reduction, while the MITR procedure provided a slightly lower tendency of pain. Long-term follow-up is needed to investigate the clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes of both groups.
Decellularized dermis extracellular matrix alloderm mechanically strengthens biological engineered tunica adventitia-based blood vessels
Authors: Patel Bijal , Wonski Bryan T. , Saliganan Dan M. , Rteil Ali , Kabbani Loay S. , Lam Mai T.
Published: May 2021

The ideal engineered vascular graft would utilize human-derived materials to minimize foreign body response and tissue rejection. Current biological engineered blood vessels (BEBVs) inherently lack the structure required for implantation. We hypothesized that an ECM material would provide the structure needed. Skin dermis ECM is commonly used in reconstructive surgeries, is commercially available and FDA-approved. We evaluated the commercially-available decellularized skin dermis ECM Alloderm for efficacy in providing structure to BEBVs. Alloderm was incorporated into our lab’s unique protocol for generating BEBVs, using fibroblasts to establish the adventitia. To assess structure, tissue mechanics were analyzed. Standard BEBVs without Alloderm exhibited a tensile strength of 67.9 ± 9.78 kPa, whereas Alloderm integrated BEBVs showed a significant increase in strength to 1500 ± 334 kPa. In comparison, native vessel strength is 1430 ± 604 kPa. Burst pressure reached 51.3 ± 2.19 mmHg. Total collagen and fiber maturity were significantly increased due to the presence of the Alloderm material. Vessels cultured for 4 weeks maintained mechanical and structural integrity. Low probability of thrombogenicity was confirmed with a negative platelet adhesion test. Vessels were able to be endothelialized. These results demonstrate the success of Alloderm to provide structure to BEBVs in an effective way.
Direct analysis of metabolites in the liver tissue of zebrafish exposed to fiproles by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jun , Lu Haiyan , Hua Xiuyi , Gu Yu , Pan Wenhao , Dong Deming , Liang Dapeng
Published: May 2021

The process of exploring metabolic disturbance induced by fiproles in zebrafish by iEESI-MS.
An electrochemical method for a rapid and sensitive immunoassay on digital microfluidics with integrated indium tin oxide electrodes coated on a PET film
Authors: Nsabimana Jacques , Wang Yang , Ruan Qingyu , Li Tingyu , Shen Haicong , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: May 2021

Digital microfluidic with integrated ITO electrodes patterned on ITO-PET film is used to perform automated immunoassay for H5N1. The better electrochemical performance is achieved using square wave voltammetry.
Crossing the blood–brain barrier with carbon dots: uptake mechanism andin vivocargo delivery
Authors: Seven Elif S. , Seven Yasin B. , Zhou Yiqun , Poudel-Sharma Sijan , Diaz-Rucco Juan J. , Kirbas Cilingir Emel , Mitchell Gordon S. , Van Dyken J. David , Leblanc Roger M.
Published: May 2021

Glucose-based carbon dots (GluCDs) can cross blood–brain barrier in zebrafish and rat after intravenous injections and accumulate in neurons in rat CNS. Cell uptake of GluCDs involve glucose transporter proteins in a budding yeast model.
From Y6 to BTPT-4F: a theoretical insight into the influence of the individual change of fused-ring skeleton length or side alkyl chains on molecular arrangements and electron mobility
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xiang Yunjie , Zheng Shaohui
Published: May 2021

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 have drawn tremendous attention due to the great progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
Green and efficient synthesis of thioureas, ureas, primary O-thiocarbamates, and carbamates in deep eutectic solvent/catalyst systems using thiourea and urea
Authors: Bagherzadeh Nastaran , Sardarian Ali Reza , Inaloo Iman Dindarloo
Published: May 2021

An efficient and general catalysis process was developed for the direct preparation of various primary O-thiocarbamates/carbamates as well as monosubstituted thioureas/ureas by using thiourea/urea as biocompatible thiocarbonyl (carbonyl) sources.
A high‐gain circular polarization beam scanning transmit array antenna
Authors: Zeng Qingyun , Xue Zhenghui , Ren Wu , Li Weiming , Yang Shiyi
Published: May 2021

A high‐gain circular polarization (CP) beam scanning antenna based on planar transmit array (TA) is proposed. The planar TA is implemented using rectangular patches and square rings, and it has different frequency responses to two orthogonal polarized incident waves owing to different phase distributions in x‐ and y‐direction. The TA can convert a linearly polarized spherical incident wave into a circularly polarized transmitted plane wave. In addition, beam scanning is achieved by in‐plane translation of the feed antenna. The procedure is demonstrated for high‐gain beam steering implementation operating in CP at the Ku‐band. Full‐wave simulation results demonstrate that the designed antenna enables elevation beam scanning from −33.6° to +33.6°, with a peak gain of 26.4 dBi. Scanning loss is better than 5 dB and the axis ratio remains below 3 dB for the entire scanning range in the frequency band of 13.9–14.9 GHz. Moreover, a prototype is fabricated and the measured results have good agreement with the simulated results, which confirms the feasibility of using this technology to achieve a high‐gain, CP, low‐cost and low cross‐polarization beam scanning antenna.
The explosion of 9–29M⊙stars as Type II supernovae: Results from radiative-transfer modeling at one year after explosion
Authors: Dessart Luc , John Hillier D. , Sukhbold Tuguldur , Woosley S. E. , Janka H.-T.
Published: May 2021

We present a set of nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium steady-state calculations of radiative transfer for one-year-old Type II supernovae (SNe) starting from state-of-the-art explosion models computed with detailed nucleosynthesis. This grid covers single-star progenitors with initial masses between 9 and 29M⊙, all evolved with the codeKEPLERat solar metallicity and ignoring rotation. The [O I]λλ6300, 6364 line flux generally grows with progenitor mass, and Hαexhibits an equally strong and opposite trend. The [Ca II]λλ7291, 7323 strength increases at low56Ni mass, at low explosion energy, or with clumping. This Ca IIdoublet, which forms primarily in the explosively produced Si/S zones, depends little on the progenitor mass but may strengthen if Ca+dominates in the H-rich emitting zones or if Ca is abundant in the O-rich zones. Indeed, Si–O shell merging prior to core collapse may boost the Ca IIdoublet at the expense of the O Idoublet, and may thus mimic the metal line strengths of a lower-mass progenitor. We find that the56Ni bubble effect has a weak impact, probably because it is too weak to induce much of an ionization shift in the various emitting zones. Our simulations compare favorably to observed SNe II, including SN 2008bk (e.g., the 9M⊙model), SN 2012aw (12M⊙model), SN 1987A (15M⊙model), or SN 2015bs (25M⊙model with no Si–O shell merging). SNe II with narrow lines and a low56Ni mass are well matched by the weak explosion of 9–11M⊙progenitors. The nebular-phase spectra of standard SNe II can be explained with progenitors in the mass range 12–15M⊙, with one notable exception for SN 2015bs. In the intermediate mass range, these mass estimates may increase by a fewM⊙, with allowance for clumping of the O-rich material or CO molecular cooling.
Legal nature, contents, and problems of applying a corporate agreement
Authors: Levushkin Anatoly Nikolaevich , Ilyushina Marina Nikolaevna , Morozov Sergey Yurievich , Volkov Aleksander Viktorovich , Dzhindzholiya Kama Klimentievna
Published: May 2021

A corporate agreement is widely known as a legal structure that allows regulating legal relations and distributing risks between participants in an investment transaction. The establishment of this institution in Russian legislation has opened up great opportunities for both financial and strategic investors. When concluding a corporate agreement with third parties, a “quasi-corporate” agreement is concluded. Study objective: legal research of the current legislation and theoretical concepts regarding the definition of the legal nature, content, and problems of applying a corporate agreement and identification of the most significant proposals for legislation improvement. Methods. The authors of the study applied general scientific and specific scientific methods of research work. In particular, the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, systemic, functional, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis methods as well as special legal ones like formal legal, comparative-legal, the method of legal modeling, and others were implemented. Results and novelty. The analysis of law enforcement practice showed that, despite a wide selection of both named and unnamed protection measures, none of them guarantee the proper performance of obligations arising from a corporate agreement. This thesis follows from the materials of judicial and arbitration practice.
Problems of qualification of crimes prescribed in articles 207.1, 207.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bavsun Maksim Viktorovich , Vishnevetskii Kirill Valerievich , Ignatov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Kashkarov Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Amarsanaa Vandan-Ish
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of qualification of crimes prescribed by Articles 201.1 and 207.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, aimed at clarifying the new provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as requirements for their practical implementation. Purpose: to identify the advantages and disadvantages of criminal-legal regulation of disseminating knowingly false information that poses a danger to the life or health of people and their safety in the pandemic. Methods: the study of the relevant norms using the systemic method, general scientific methods (structural-functional analysis, comparison, logical method, and content analysis of the practice of courts). Main results: the study made it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the norms providing for criminal liability for the public dissemination of knowingly false information regarding the circumstances that pose a threat to the life and safety of citizens and the public dissemination of knowingly false socially significant information, which entailed grave consequences, as well as separate qualification errors in judicial and investigative practice that arose at the initial stage of their implementation. Conclusions and substantiation of the novelty of the work: the insufficient effectiveness of the existing approach to the problems of legal assessment of crimes is substantiated, which provides for responsibility for the public dissemination of knowingly false information regarding the circumstances that pose a threat to the life and safety of citizens and the public dissemination of knowingly false socially significant information, which entailed grave consequences, and the ways of solving the specified problems are proposed. At the same time, it is noted that the changes in legislation, especially such as criminal one, should be the result of targeted criminological analysis, with an appropriate criminological (and not spontaneous action – reflection on what is happening) forecast of the situation development. The authors highlight the unprecedented character of the measures taken by the state and the need to cancel them when external factors change, which provoked the changes in the criminal-legal regulation of public relations.
Problematic issues of qualifying actions encroaching upon persons executing justice or preliminary investigation
Authors: Varygin Aleksander Nikolayevich , Efremova Irina Alekseyevna , Gromov Vladimir Gennadyevich , Matushkin Pavel Anatolyevich , Shuvalova Anastasiya Mikhaylovna
Published: May 2021

A prerequisite for this research is a high public hazard of violent crimes committed against persons executing justice or preliminary investigation since this shakes the foundation of justice and buttress of state power in general. This suggests the need to research the prevention of such crimes using criminal legal methods. The primary goal of the research lies in the analysis of the modern condition and development of relevant proposals to improve the current criminal law of the Russian Federation in terms of regulation of criminal liability for the discussed criminal offenses, which will have a positive effect on their prevention. Research methods: dialectical method of cognition, as well general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical, systemic-structural methods) and particular methods of cognition (scientifically statistical, formally legal). The novelty is related to an integrated approach to research the problem of prevention of the discussed offenses and proposals developed on this basis to improve the Russian Federation criminal law, which will increase efficiency in the prevention of these offenses. Results: efficiency of preventing such offenses greatly depends on clear legal regulation of legal norms suggesting criminal liability for committing them. There is a pressing need to complement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with new wordings of these elements of crimes and changes that would allow formulating a definitive norm clearly defining the scope of persons affected and adopting a Plenum Decree at this stage for this category of criminal cases, which would clarify the implementation of evaluative categories of the discussed elements of crimes.
Qualification and investigation of crimes motivated by jealousy, hatred, and enmity
Authors: Varygin Aleksandr Nikolayevich , Efremova Irina Alekseevna , Smushkin Aleksandr Borisovich , Malinina Yana Vadimovna , Titovets Anna Eduardovna
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the criminal law, criminological and criminalistic aspects of combating crimes motivated by hatred, jealousy, or enmity. The background of the study is high statistical indicators that reflect the wide prevalence of the considered motives for committing crimes. At the same time, the article, for the first time, conducts a comprehensive study that examines these crimes and countering them from various sides. The objective of the study is to analyze the current state and develop current recommendations for considering factors of jealousy, hatred, or enmity in the qualification of acts, the development of criminological and criminalistic measures to counteract these crimes, as well as criminalistic programs and algorithms for the investigation of a group of crimes committed on the grounds of hatred, jealousy, or enmity. The methodology is based on the universal dialectical cognitive method. Besides, the authors used specific scientific methods: comparative-legal, hermeneutical, and logical methods, which ensure compliance with the general principles of scientific knowledge. The study is based on a systematic approach. The research novelty is due to the authors’ non-trivial approach, which combines the achievements of criminal law, criminology, and criminalistics and develops a single set of issues based on this symbiosis of knowledge. As a conclusion, it is noted that the specifics of the qualification of crimes motivated by jealousy, hatred, and enmity depend not only on the internal emotional state of the person committing them but also on the external conditions in which the subjective attitude of the perpetrator towards the committed act is formed. It is necessary to develop recommendations for practitioners containing rules for the qualification of crimes in the competition of criminal law norms, in which to provide answers to questions related to typical errors in the qualification of crimes and to offer an interpretation of the evaluation categories, the application of which causes the most significant difficulty in practice. The paper presents the algorithms of the two main investigation programs developed based on the selected investigative situations.
Sports crimes: issues of systematic approach, criminalization and qualifications
Authors: Dizer Oleg Alexandrovich , Bavsun Irina Gennadievna , Zarubin Andrey Viktorovich , Safonov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Sokolsky Georgy Yurievich
Published: May 2021

The study prerequisites are the fragmentation in the current criminal legislation of criminal law standards protecting the field of sports, as well as the issues of criminalization of acts in sports and the qualification of sports crimes. The study aims to solve the issues of systematization of regulatory provisions, the object of which is social relations in sports, taking into account the characteristics of the generic and specific objects, the degree of encroachment danger. The methods included the dialectical method, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, deduction, formal legal method, method of comparative jurisprudence. The results and novelty of the study reside in the conclusions about the advisability of identifying a separate specific object of criminal law protection (social relations in sports), which would systematize related and close acts not only in professional sports but also at all levels of official sports competitions. In this context, the issues of criminalization and qualifications of causing harm to life and health of an individual in violation of the sport rules, exerting unlawful influence on the result of an official sports competition, actions provided for in Art. 230.1 and 230.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the synchronization of the subject of the latter with the subject of Art. 234 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the foregoing, the recommendation of isolating a separate chapter in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and issuing a separate Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on crimes in sports is substantiated. Such measures will be able to optimize the criminal law protection of such an important sphere of public life as sports. In addition, this will make it possible to bring the quality of domestic criminal legislation and sports legislation to the international level and significantly increase the prestige of the Russian Federation.
Improving the effectiveness of prevention in the context of the limits of the criminal law
Authors: Zaitseva Olesya Viktorovna , Polikarpova Irina Vladimirovna , Khutov Kazbek Muhamedovich , Zaitsev Dmitriy Viktorovich
Published: May 2021

The rapid development of information and telecommunications technologies, the transformation of public relations caused by permanent socio-economic transformations which are happening in Russia and the world, result in numerous changes in criminal legislation and, as a result, problems associated with the establishment of spatial and temporal boundaries of criminal behavior. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of the preventive impact of criminal law by identifying the factors that determine the mentioned characteristics of a socially dangerous act. To solve these problems, the authors used the criminological tools of the study (the Bayesian method of time series forecasting, methods of questionnaires, and psychological analysis of criminal cases). In the article, for the first time, the problem of improving the effectiveness of criminal law prevention is considered in the context of the mechanism of individual criminal behavior. This allowed establishing that the spatial and temporal characteristics of a socially dangerous act do not depend on the structure of the crime, as it is considered in criminal science, but on the form of the offender’s guilt. The criminological understanding of the crime allowed the authors to formulate proposals for improving the current criminal legislation and the practice of its application. The authors believe that in the case of intentional acts, when determining the optional features of the objective aspect of the crime, it is necessary to consider the place of full implementation of all the planned actions by the person, regardless of the place of occurrence of socially dangerous consequences. In the case of careless criminal encroachments, the territorial parameters of the occurrence of the criminal result should play a defining role. This article also describes the author’s position on the place of commission of continuing and remote offenses.
Problems of exemption from criminal liability for restricting competition
Authors: Sarubin Andrey Viktorovich
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems of exemption from criminal liability for restricting competition (Art. 178 of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The criminal legislation of Russia and the practice of its application in terms of exemption from liability for restriction of competition are analysed. It is thought that the main objectives of the criminal-law prohibitions contained in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, is to ensure the criminal-legal protection of economic relations, preventing the growth of crimes that threaten the development of financial institutions of the state. Purpose of work: Identify problems of exemption from criminal liability for restricting competition in the modern practice of preliminary investigation and court, and propose ways to improve the criminal law on the exemption from criminal liability for restricting competition. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which has a universal character, as well as methods of logical deduction, induction, cognitive methods and techniques of observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis and description, formally logical. Results. The research revealed the problems of application of the criminal law on the exemption from criminal liability for restriction of competition and suggested ways to improve paragraph 3 of the notes to the Art. 178 of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, providing for the possibility of exemption from criminal liability for restricting competition.