bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juges Sans Frontières? A Glocal Theory of Constitutional Interpretation
Authors: Camarena González Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

This article presents a “glocal” method of comparative constitutional interpretation. In the debate on the judicial use of foreign ideas, transnationalists claim to propose a simultaneously global and local approach. However, they perpetuate the methodological nationalism of globalists and localists by assuming nations as their primary units of analysis. In contrast, this article advances a truly glocal theory of judicial interpretation. The glocal is the product of a constant interplay between the global and the local, from the inception of an idea to its practical judicial application. This approach follows a three-step process. First, it provides a multiscale toolkit to demonstrate that ideas may have never been purely national in the first place but are the result of plural hybridizations. Second, it uncovers the units that generate and disseminate constitutional knowledge: trans-territorial networks united by thematically shared beliefs rather than by nationality or a global mission. Third, it equips judges with the ability to glocalize or customize the idea, not as an exercise of national differentiation but as a strategy to make it epistemically familiar and more politically appealing to the network. In this way, the article critically engages with the debate on constitutional transplants, challenging its nationalist bias.
Electron injection and acceleration in a twisted laser driven by the light fan
Authors: Tang Xiang , Hao Juexuan , Shi Yin
Published: January 2025

The longitudinal fields of a tightly focused Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser can be used to accelerate electron pulse trains when it is reflected from a solid plasma. However, the normal transverse mode of laser beams in high-power laser systems is approximately Gaussian. A routine and reliable way to obtain high-intensity LG lasers in experiments remains a major challenge. One approach involves utilizing a solid plasma with a ‘light fan’ structure to reflect the Gaussian laser and obtain a relativistic intense LG laser. In this work, we propose a way to combine the mode transformation of a relativistic laser and the process of electron injection and acceleration. It demonstrates that by integrating a nanowire structure at the center of the ‘light fan’, electrons can be efficiently injected and accelerated during the twisted laser generation process. Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, it is shown that a circularly polarized Gaussian beam with

${a}_0=20$

can efficiently inject electrons into the laser beam in interaction with the solid plasma. The electrons injected close to the laser axis are driven by a longitudinal electric field to gain longitudinal momentum, forming bunches with a low energy spread and a small divergence angle. The most energetic bunch exhibits an energy of 310 MeV, with a spread of 6%. The bunch charge is 57 pC, the duration is 400 as and the divergence angle is less than 50 mrad. By employing Gaussian beams, our proposed approach has the potential to reduce experimental complexity in the demonstrations of twisted laser-driven electron acceleration.
Countering Non-Ignorable Nonresponse in Survey Models with Randomized Response Instruments and Doubly Robust Estimation
Authors: Bailey Michael A.
Published: January 2025

Conventional survey tools such as weighting do not address non-ignorable nonresponse that occurs when nonresponse depends on the variable being measured. This paper describes non-ignorable nonresponse weighting and imputation models using randomized response instruments, which are variables that affect response but not the outcome of interest. This paper uses a doubly robust estimator that is valid if one, but not necessarily both, of the weighting and imputation models is correct. When applied to a national 2019 survey, these tools produce estimates that suggest there was nontrivial non-ignorable nonresponse related to turnout, and, for subgroups, Trump approval and policy questions. For example, the conventional MAR-based weighted estimates of Trump support in the Midwest were 10 percentage points lower than the MNAR-based estimates.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Hongliutan Precambrian metamorphic rocks in the Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai Terrane, Northwest Tibet, China: insights from geochemical and geochronological studies
Authors: Wu Chu , Li Hao , Zheng Xiao , Hong Tao , Ma Yin-Ce , Xu Xing-Wang , Zhang Hui-Jun , Wang Cheng-Xi , Dong Lian-Hui
Published: January 2025

The Northwest Tibet region is defined by several terranes, magmatic belts, basins and sutures, which were primarily shaped by the tectonic activities associated with Proto-, Palaeo- and Neo-Tethys Oceans. However, the basement nature and Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Northwest Tibet region, particularly within the Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai terrane, remain largely unknown. The Hongliutan area, located in the northeastern part of the Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai terrane, contains a critical sequence of Precambrian metamorphic rock strata. Detailed petrological, geochronological, and geochemical analyses of these metamorphic rocks – including plagioclase schist, quartz schist, amphibolite and nearby leucogranite – reveal the intricate processes of tectonic evolution within the Tianshuihai unit. Combining these findings with previous geochronological results is crucial for re-evaluating the nature of the Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai basement and its Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai basement. Our results reveal the following: (1) the leucogranite and amphibolite, identified as Cambrian igneous rocks, display distinct geochemical signatures indicative of a continental arc origin. These include calc-alkaline characteristics, enrichment in Th, U, Pb, Zr and Hf and depletion in Ba, Nb, Sr and Ti. Their εNd(t) values, close to zero, further support this tectonic setting, with the leucogranite and amphibolite formed at 506 and 522 Ma, respectively. (2) The plagioclase schist and quartz schist are interpreted to be Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rocks that formed in a rifted (passive) continental margin setting. The quartz schist is particularly rich in detrital zircons, displaying a broad spectrum of 207Pb/206Pb ages, ranging from 901 to 3364 Ma. (3) A significant subset of detrital zircons within the quartz schist exhibits oscillatory zoning, high Th/U ratios and sharp-edged, anhedral-to-subhedral crystal forms, suggesting a derivation from proximal or deep-seated terranes. The concordant U–Pb zircon ages of 2468 and 974 Ma from the quartz schist, along with the 978 Ma age from the inherited zircons in the amphibolite, and the 1.2–2.1 Ga T2DM(Nd) from leucogranite and metamorphic rocks, collectively suggest that the Tianshuihai unit is likely underpinned by a Palaeoproterozoic basement that indicates Neoproterozoic reworking.

Therefore, our findings suggest the presence of a continuous, northwest-southeast trending Palaeoproterozoic basement underlying the entire Tashikuergan-Tianshuihai terrane. An alternative scenario posits that the ancient basement, currently beneath the Tashikuergan terrane, could extend into the Tianshuihai region, potentially indicating a Cambrian continental margin arc interspersed with remnants of older terranes.
Adaptive lags, illusions and common interest
Authors: Brusse Carl , Sterelny Kim
Published: January 2025

The explanatory model proposed by Sijilmassi et al. appeals to fitness interdependence, and is highly plausible for small-scale societies. We argue that it is less so in the context of the larger societies that much of their empirical evidence is drawn from, and that this is because fitness interdependence does not readily scale up in the way the model requires.
Mythos in the light of evolution
Authors: Maryanski Alexandra , Turner Jonathan H.
Published: January 2025

This commentary adds elements of analysis from the new evolutionary sociology that might help to support the mythologic hypothesis. It discusses the likelihood of a more generalized processer rather than exactly evolved psychological mechanisms, the consequences of bottlenecks, and the importance of utilizing molecular, fossil, and primate data in the authors' research program.
Homo historicus: History as psychological science
Authors: Pietraszewski David , Moncrieff Michael
Published: January 2025

Historical myths are indeed a mystery in need of explanation, and we elaborate on the present adaptationist account. However, the same analysis can also be applied to motivations to produce and consume history in general: That humans produce and consume history is also a mystery in need of psychological explanation. An adaptationist psychological science of history is needed.
Historical myths promote cooperation through affective states
Authors: Wildes Caleb , Andrews Kristin
Published: January 2025

Although we agree that historical myths function to increase cooperation in the groups that share them, we propose that the mechanisms at work may include affective states. We suggest that sharing historical myths can create a felt sense of intimacy, similarity, and security among group members, which increases trust and motivates cooperation, even without particular beliefs about population structure.
Myth as model: Group-level interpretive frameworks
Authors: Moser Cody
Published: January 2025

I argue that while recruitment might explain some of the design features of historical myths, origin myths in general more importantly provide shared narrative frameworks for aligning and coordinating members of a group. Furthermore, by providing in-group members with shared frameworks for interfacing with the world, the contents of myths likely facilitate the selection of belief systems at the group-level.
Uncertainty reduction as an alternative explanation of historical myths
Authors: Grüning David J. , Krueger Joachim I.
Published: January 2025

We agree with Sijilmassi et al. that historical myths are a tool for coalition recruitment. We argue, however, that a close fit between an evolved entity and an identified function does not imply that the latter is the critical evolutionary trigger. We also propose an alternative individual-centric explanation: Historical myths reduce uncertainty by providing cognitive and behavioral guidance.
The social cognitive evolution of myths: Collective narratives of shared pasts as markers for coalitions' communicative and cooperative prowess
Authors: Wolf Wouter
Published: January 2025

To understand why humans put much effort into celebrating cultural myths, it is crucial to approach this phenomenon as part of humans' broader social cognitive evolution. Specifically, humans' unique capacity to bond with others through shared/collective representations of shared experiences has likely caused individuals to use myths to assess not only coalitions' fitness interdependence, but also their cooperative prowess.
Group myths can create shared understanding even if they don't act as superstimuli
Authors: Hoffman Moshe , Moya Cristina
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. argue that myths around shared ancestry and history exploit an evolved psychology of interdependence. In contrast, we argue that psychological exploitation is not required. Rather, such myths may be one method, among many, to create a shared understanding of group boundaries, which can be “self-enforcing.” We summarize the game-theoretic basis for this account and some supportive evidence.
Myths and fitness interdependence: Beyond coalitional longevity
Authors: Friedman Rachel Z.
Published: January 2025

This comment seeks to extend the authors' argument by considering how perceived fitness interdependence is generated in different settings. Based primarily on research from political science, it argues that strategic agents may seek to design myths that emphasize not only the longevity of their coalitions, but also internal features such as material and status equality and institutional impartiality.
The influence of stories including myths of origin
Authors: Oatley Keith , Wu Si Jia
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. argue that myths serve to gain coalitional support by detailing shared histories of ancestry and cooperation. They overlook the emotional influences of stories, which include myths of human origin. We suggest that influential myths do not promote cooperation principally by signaling common ancestry, but by prompting human emotions of interdependence and connection.
Interpersonal risk factors for suicide in daily life among young people: A review of intensive longitudinal studies
Authors: Hutchinson Emily , Scott Lori , Choukas-Bradley Sophia , Silk Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among individuals aged 10–24. Research using intensive longitudinal methods to identify near-term predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has grown dramatically. Interpersonal factors may be particularly critical for suicide risk among young people, given the heightened salience of interpersonal experiences during adolescence and young adulthood. We conducted a narrative review on intensive longitudinal studies investigating how interpersonal factors contribute to STBs among adolescents and young adults. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and focused on theoretical and cross-theoretical interpersonal risk factors. Negative interpersonal states (e.g., perceived burdensomeness), hopelessness, and social support were consistently associated with proximal within-person changes in concurrent, but not prospective, suicidal thoughts. Further, work examining how these processes extend to suicidal behavior and among diverse samples remains scarce. Implications for contemporary interpersonal theories and intensive longitudinal studies of STBs among young people are discussed.
Soil Conservation Benefits of Ecological Programs Promote Sustainable Restoration
Authors: Zong Renjie , Fang Nufang , Zeng Yi , Lu Xixi , Wang Zhen , Dai Wei , Shi Zhihua
Published: January 2025

Ecological restoration efforts in less developed regions confront a sustainability challenge due to the undervaluation of their substantive benefits. Soil conservation, as a crucial ecosystem service supporting both ecological and socioeconomic systems in less developed regions, is often overlooked in estimating the benefits of restoration efforts. We introduce a framework that integrates the multi‐model approach and scenario analysis on cloud computing platforms to capture the significance of soil conservation benefits by assessing the world's largest restoration programs from China. Our analysis reveals that these restoration programs, with a total investment of $133 billion, have prevented 7.29 ± 1.01 Pg of soil erosion, valued at $243.0 ± 25.9 billion from 2000 to 2019. Notably, two critical programs that synergize forest conservation, cropland conversion, and human well‐being in China's less developed regions account for approximately 85% of the soil conservation benefits. Our findings underscore that soil conservation benefits significantly enhance the substantive benefits and prioritization of restoration efforts in less developed regions, reinforcing the potential for global restoration efforts to contribute to a sustainable future.
Passive Sources and Diffracted Points Imaging Using Combinational Cross‐Correlation Imaging Condition
Authors: Yan Tianfan , Liu Yike , Zhang Zhendong , He Bin , Wang Haiwei
Published: January 2025

Time‐reversal imaging is a critical technique for characterizing natural earthquakes and artificial sources. Traditional time reversal methods sum the extrapolated wavefields of different receivers to suppress artifacts and obtain images of the sources. Multiplication‐based time‐reversal imaging uses the product of extrapolated wavefields to provide source images with fewer artifacts and higher resolutions. However, although multiplication among wavefields efficiently suppresses the artifacts, sources with weaker energy are also suppressed. We combined the two imaging algorithms and proposed a combinational cross‐correlation reverse time migration (CcRTM) to image multiple sources. First, the receivers were divided into several groups and independently extrapolated in reverse time. Then, n receivers were selected each time, and the geometric mean between the receiver wavefields was calculated. In the third step, images of multiple sources were obtained using the arithmetic mean of all geometric mean results with different receiver combinations. Compared with multiplication‐based source location methods, our method retains the root in the geometric mean to preserve the amplitude ratio between the sources. CcRTM can be applied to image diffractions by considering subsurface small‐scale diffractors as secondary sources enabling the detection of anomalies smaller than the wavelength limit. To suppress the reflection energy, we introduced an excitation time to restrict the imaging time. Synthetic and field examples demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed imaging method.
Robust low threshold full-color upconversion lasing in rare-earth activated nanocrystal-in-glass microcavity
Authors: Gao Zhigang , Cui Lugui , Chu Yushi , Niu Luyue , Wang Lehan , Zhao Rui , Yang Yulong , Liu Xiaofeng , Ren Jing , Dong Guoping
Published: January 2025

Visible light microlasers are essential building blocks for integrated photonics. However, achieving low-threshold (μW), continuous-wave (CW) visible light lasing at room temperature (RT) has been a challenge because of the formidable requirement of population inversion at short wavelengths. Rare-earth (RE)-activated microcavities, featuring high-quality factor (Q) and small mode volume of whispering gallery modes, offer a great opportunity for achieving infrared-to-visible upconversion (UC) lasing. Here, we report that batch-produced nano-glass composite (GC) microspheres incorporating RE-doped fluoride nanocrystals show efficient UC emissions. These multi-phase composite microspheres exhibit a high Q value (≥105), comparable to that of conventional multi-component glass microspheres. The UC lasing with pure red, green, and blue (RGB) emissions are demonstrated based on a highly efficient tapered fiber-microsphere system. More importantly, the GC microspheres manifest reduced (by 45%) lasing threshold and enhanced (more than four times) slope efficiency. These characteristics, together with excellent long-term stability, suggest a promising solution to achieving highly robust, stand-alone, low-threshold, and versatile UC microlasers.
Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece
Authors: Wirth-Singh Anna , Fröch Johannes E. , Yang Fan , Martin Louis , Zheng Hanyu , Zhang Hualiang , Tanguy Quentin T. , Zhou Zhihao , Huang Luocheng , John Demis D. , Stamenic Biljana , Hu Juejun , Gu Tian , Majumdar Arka
Published: January 2025

Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear, with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night vision. Conventional refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of view, leading to limited performance and increased size and weight. In particular, simultaneously achieving a wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact form-factor. Here, we demonstrate a wide field of view (greater than 60∘) meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 cm. At the design wavelength of 633 nm, the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece system. This meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye displays and night vision systems.
Tree shrew as a new animal model for musculoskeletal disorders and aging
Authors: Wei Xiaocui , Li Honghao , Qiu Jingyang , Jiao Jianlin , Guo Xiongtian , Yin Gaosheng , Yang Ping , Han Yi , Zhao Qiongzhi , Zeng Hao , Rao Zhi , Gao Xuefei , Li Kai , Lai Pinglin , Zhang Sheng , Yang Chengliang , Lu Di , Bai Xiaochun
Published: January 2025

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), osteoarthritis (OA), and osteoporosis (OP) are common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with similar age-related risk factors, representing the leading causes of disability. However, successful therapeutic development and translation have been hampered by the lack of clinically-relevant animal models. In this study, we investigated the potential suitability of the tree shrew, a small mammal with a close genetic relationship to primates, as a new animal model for MSDs. Age-related spontaneous IDD in parallel with a gradual disappearance of notochordal cells were commonly observed in tree shrews upon skeletal maturity with no sex differences, while age-related osteoporotic changes including bone loss in the metaphyses were primarily presented in aged females, similar to observations in humans. Moreover, in the osteochondral defect model, tree shrew cartilage exhibited behavior similar to that of humans, characterized by a more restricted self-healing capacity compared to the rapid spontaneous healing of joint surfaces observed in rats. The induced OA model in tree shrews was highly efficient and reproducible, characterized by gradual deterioration of articular cartilage, recapitulating the human OA phenotype to some degree. Surgery-induced IDD models were successfully established in tree shrews, in which the lumbar spine instability model developed slow progressive disc degeneration with more similarity to the clinical state, whereas the needle puncture model led to the rapid development of IDD with more severe symptoms. Taken together, our findings pave the way for the development of the tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of MSDs and aging.
Efficiently accelerated bioimage analysis with NanoPyx, a Liquid Engine-powered Python framework
Authors: Saraiva Bruno M. , Cunha Inês , Brito António D. , Follain Gautier , Portela Raquel , Haase Robert , Pereira Pedro M. , Jacquemet Guillaume , Henriques Ricardo
Published: January 2025

The expanding scale and complexity of microscopy image datasets require accelerated analytical workflows. NanoPyx meets this need through an adaptive framework enhanced for high-speed analysis. At the core of NanoPyx, the Liquid Engine dynamically generates optimized central processing unit and graphics processing unit code variations, learning and predicting the fastest based on input data and hardware. This data-driven optimization achieves considerably faster processing, becoming broadly relevant to reactive microscopy and computing fields requiring efficiency.
Direct specification of lymphatic endothelium from mesenchymal progenitors
Authors: Lupu Irina-Elena , Grainger David E. , Kirschnick Nils , Weischer Sarah , Zhao Erica , Martinez-Corral Ines , Schoofs Hans , Vanhollebeke Marie , Jones Grace , Godwin Jonathan , Forrow Aden , Lahmann Ines , Riley Paul R. , Zobel Thomas , Alitalo Kari , Mäkinen Taija , Kiefer Friedemann , Stone Oliver A.
Published: January 2025

During embryogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs) are generally described to arise from a common pool of progenitors termed angioblasts, which diversify through iterative steps of differentiation to form functionally distinct subtypes of ECs. A key example is the formation of lymphatic ECs (LECs), which are thought to arise largely through transdifferentiation from venous endothelium. Opposing this model, here we show that the initial expansion of mammalian LECs is primarily driven by the in situ differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors and does not require transition through an intermediate venous state. Single-cell genomics and lineage-tracing experiments revealed a population of paraxial mesoderm-derived Etv2

+

Prox1

+
progenitors that directly give rise to LECs. Morphometric analyses of early LEC proliferation and migration, and mutants that disrupt lymphatic development supported these findings. Collectively, this work establishes a cellular blueprint for LEC specification and indicates that discrete pools of mesenchymal progenitors can give rise to specialized subtypes of ECs.
Using environment-sensitive tetramethylated thiophene-BODIPY fluorophores in DNA probes for studying effector-induced conformational changes of protein–DNA complexes
Authors: Šoltysová Markéta , Güixens-Gallardo Pedro , Sieglová Irena , Soldánová Anna , Krejčiříková Veronika , Fábry Milan , Brynda Jiří , Khoroshyy Petro , Hocek Michal , Řezáčová Pavlína
Published: January 2025

Using fluorophore-linked probes, we revealed conformational changes affecting protein–DNA affinity that were undetectable using traditional methods. We identified l-lactate as the effector molecule of transcriptional repressor LutR in B. subtilis.
Influence of Ni on carbon nanotube production with Fe-based catalysts
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Tripathi Komal , Karton Amir , Roy Shantanu , Joshi Rakesh , Pant Kamal Kishore
Published: January 2025

Ni enhances CNT production via Fe-based catalysts, with 40Fe–5Ni yielding 5.80 gC per g metal, outperforming pure Fe as a catalyst. DFT supports experimental findings by revealing stronger carbon binding, thus enabling more efficient CNT production.
Crystal growth of calcium oxalate mono- and dihydrate under laminar flow in microfluidic devices
Authors: İbiş-Özdemir Fatma , Smeets René , Wang Jiali , Dhand Priya , Mohamedhoesein Majid , Penha Frederico Marques , Grievink Johan , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , Kramer Herman J. M. , Eral Huseyin Burak
Published: January 2025

Crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) was studied in microfluidic devices, with geometries simulating kidney stones collecting ducts, under laminar flow conditions relevant for kidney stone formation.
Genesys-Cat: automatic microkinetic model generation for heterogeneous catalysis with improved Bayesian optimization
Authors: Ureel Yannick , Tomme Lowie , Sabbe Maarten K. , Van Geem Kevin M.
Published: January 2025

Genesys-Cat facilitates automated microkinetic model development for catalytic reactions based on a rule-based reaction network generator and enhanced Bayesian optimization.
Heterogeneous Fenton-type oxidative degradation of low-density polyethylene to valuable acid products using a nanostructured Fe–CeO2 solid solution catalyst
Authors: Breen Rachel , Holmes Justin D. , Collins Gillian
Published: January 2025

A study of the synergistic effect of Fe and Ce in the microwave-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-type oxidation of low-density polyethylene to value-added chemicals over a Fe–CeO2 catalyst.
A low-temperature ionic liquid system for topochemical synthesis of Si nanospheres for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yanan , Zhang Shiyue , Zhang Yu , Hu Qing , Li Hao , Wang Wenkai , Du Hongbin
Published: January 2025

A low-temperature ionic liquid reduction system is used to prepare Si nanospheres, which display excellent lithium storage properties with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 82.9% and capacity retention of 94.2% after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
Enhanced skin penetration of curcumin by a nanoemulsion-embedded oligopeptide hydrogel for psoriasis topical therapy
Authors: Chen Kehan , Yang Hui , Xu Guo , Hu Yunhan , Tian Xue , Qin Song , Jiang Tianyue
Published: January 2025

Cur-CNEs/Gel combines the superior skin penetration efficiency of cell-penetrating peptide modified curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions and the prolonged skin retention ability of the oligopeptide hydrogel.
Recent developments in antimicrobial small molecule quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs) – synthesis and biological insights
Authors: McDonough Diana , Sanchez Christian A. , Wuest William M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C.
Published: January 2025

This article reviews recent developments in non-polymeric quaternary phosphonium compound (QPC) structures, highlighting their synthetic preparation, antimicrobial performance, and direct comparison with quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) analogs.
Constructing thiophene-decorated organic molecular sieves as efficient photocatalysts for removing chromium(vi)
Authors: Ge Jingjing , Meng Lingkang , He Xin , Xu Xin , Chu Jiaxin , An Wan-Kai , Xie Lixia , Zheng Xianfu , Ren Yunlai
Published: January 2025

Concisely constructing thiophene-incorporated conjugated microporous polymer photocatalysts for highly efficient Cr(vi) reduction.
Enhanced oil-fouling resistance of micro-nano structured membranes through ovalbumin-mediated layer deposition for efficient oil-in-water emulsion separation
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Li Jinbao , Tian Xiaohua , Yan Zhuo , Dai Xiaohui , Dai Jiangdong
Published: January 2025

We introduce an eco-friendly technique to enhance PVDF membranes' oil-fouling resistance using ovalbumin and TA. It creates superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces, improving oil–water emulsion separation, efficiency, and stability.
Modulation of the CuxO structure and morphology for acceleration of peroxymonosulfate oxidation
Authors: Tian Yunhui , Li Shilin , Zhang Guangxin
Published: January 2025

The importance of solvent selection in enhancing catalytic performance by optimizing the microstructure and surface area.
Superfast nanodroplet propulsion in 2D nanochannels tuned by strain gradients
Authors: Li Chun , Yang Jun , Wang Yujuan , Zhang Guangtai , Bi Kedong
Published: January 2025

Superfast motion of nanodroplets driven by strain gradients.
Polyurethane–urea coatings derived from UV-cured polyurethane–urea acrylate transition coatings for enhanced resistance to chemical warfare agent simulants
Authors: Chen Xucong , Xiao Linjing , Wang Guiyou , Li Hong
Published: January 2025

Ultraviolet (UV) cured polyurethane–urea acrylate (PUUA) with hindered urea were prepared to function as a transitional coating. Upon heat treatment, the PUUA network shifts to PUU defensive network with improved resistance.
Relieving strain on silver nanowires embedded in polyimide films for efficient flexible organic photovoltaic modules
Authors: Zhou Qijin , Chen Jianping , Zhou Xianmin , Liu Xinlu , Lu Xin , Wei Ruizhi , Liu Yang , Zhang Zixian , Xiong Zedong , Xiong Sixing , Zhou Yinhua
Published: January 2025

Strain caused by polyimide drying degrades electrical conductance of embedded AgNWs. It is relieved by reducing the thickness of polyimide to fabricate flexible organic photovoltaic modules.
Electrocatalytic microdevices based on transition metal dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Chun , Wang Longlu , Liu Yuxing , Su Hance , Cui Peng
Published: January 2025

Chemical reactions and electronic properties are two vital aspects in the systematic study of electrocatalytic reactions.
Fluorination-driven optimization of non-fused small molecular acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Tongzi , Xiong Wenzhao , Zhou Jiang , Dai Xuelong , Yi Yang , Hu Huawei , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2025

Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent a promising technology in the renewable energy sector, with non-fused small molecular acceptors (SMAs) emerging as efficient alternatives to traditional fused counterparts.
Best of both worlds: Fusing hyperspectral data from two generations of spectro-imagers for X-ray astrophysics
Authors: Lascar J. , Bobin J. , Acero F.
Published: January 2025

Context. With the recent launch of the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) and the advent of microcalorimeter detectors, X-ray astrophysics is entering in a new era of spatially resolved high-resolution spectroscopy. But while this new generation of X-ray telescopes offers much finer spectral resolution than the previous one (e.g. XMM-Newton, Chandra), these instruments also have coarser spatial resolutions, leading to problematic cross-pixel contamination. This issue is currently a critical limitation for the study of extended sources, such as galaxy clusters or supernova remnants (SNRs).

Aims. To increase the scientific output of XRISM’s hyperspectral data, we propose that it be fused with XMM-Newton data, and seek to obtain a cube with the best spatial and spectral resolution of both generations. This is the aim of hyperspectral fusion. In this article, we explore the potential and limitations of hyperspectral fusion for X-ray astrophysics.

Methods. We implemented an algorithm that jointly deconvolves the spatial response of XRISM and the spectral response of XMM- Newton. To do so, we construct a forward model adapted for instrumental systematic degradations and Poisson noise, and then tackle hyperspectral fusion as a regularized inverse problem. We test three methods of regularization: spectral low-rank approximation with a spatial Sobolev regularization; spectral low-rank approximation with a 2D wavelet sparsity constraint; and a 2D–1D wavelet sparsity constraint.

Results. We test our method on toy models constructed from hydrodynamic simulations of SNRs. We find that our method reconstructs the ground truth well even when the toy model is complex. For the regularization term, we find that while the low-rank approximation works well as a spectral denoiser in models with less spectral variability, it introduces a bias in models with more spectral variability, in which case the 2D-1D wavelet sparsity regularization works best. Following the present proof of concept, we aim to apply this method to real X-ray astrophysical data in the near future.
Reassessment reveals underestimation of infiltration depth in surgical resection specimens with lymph-node positive T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chan Man Wai , Nieuwenhuis Esther A. , Meijer Sybren L , Jansen Marnix , Vieth Michael , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Pouw R. E.
Published: January 2025

Endoscopic resection (ER) has proven effective and safe for T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, uncertainty remains concerning risk-benefit return of esophagectomy for submucosal lesions (T1b). Surgical series in past decades have reported significant risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1b EAC, but these rates may be overestimated due to limitations in histological assessment of surgical specimens. We aimed to test this hypothesis by reassessing histological risk features in surgical specimens from T1b EAC cases with documented LNM.

A retrospective cross-sectional study (1994–2005) was conducted. Patients who underwent direct esophagectomy without prior neoadjuvant therapy for suspected T1b EAC with LNM were included. Additional tissue sections were prepared from archival tumor blocks. A consensus diagnosis on tumor depth, differentiation grade, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was established by a panel of experienced pathologists.

Specific depth of submucosal invasion (sm1 to sm3) was not specified in 10 of 11 archival case sign-out reports. LVI status was not reported in seven of 11 cases. Following reassessment, one patient was found to have deep tumor invasion into the muscularis propria (T2). The remaining 10 of 11 patients exhibited deep submucosal invasion (sm2–3), with five showing one or more additional risk features (poor differentiation and/or LVI).

Our findings highlight the potential for underestimating tumor depth of invasion and other high-risk features in surgical specimens. Despite the limited cohort size, our study confirmed a consistent high-risk histological profile across all cases. Caution is warranted when extrapolating LNM risk data from historic heterogeneous cross-sectional surgical cohorts to the modern ER era.
Active learning of molecular data for task-specific objectives
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Todorović Milica , Vehtari Aki , Rinke Patrick
Published: January 2025

Active learning (AL) has shown promise to be a particularly data-efficient machine learning approach. Yet, its performance depends on the application, and it is not clear when AL practitioners can expect computational savings. Here, we carry out a systematic AL performance assessment for three diverse molecular datasets and two common scientific tasks: compiling compact, informative datasets and targeted molecular searches. We implemented AL with Gaussian processes (GP) and used the many-body tensor as molecular representation. For the first task, we tested different data acquisition strategies, batch sizes, and GP noise settings. AL was insensitive to the acquisition batch size, and we observed the best AL performance for the acquisition strategy that combines uncertainty reduction with clustering to promote diversity. However, for optimal GP noise settings, AL did not outperform the randomized selection of data points. Conversely, for targeted searches, AL outperformed random sampling and achieved data savings of up to 64%. Our analysis provides insight into this task-specific performance difference in terms of target distributions and data collection strategies. We established that the performance of AL depends on the relative distribution of the target molecules in comparison to the total dataset distribution, with the largest computational savings achieved when their overlap is minimal.
Systematic analysis of biomolecular conformational ensembles with PENSA
Authors: Vögele Martin , Thomson Neil J. , Truong Sang T. , McAvity Jasper , Zachariae Ulrich , Dror Ron O.
Published: January 2025

Atomic-level simulations are widely used to study biomolecules and their dynamics. A common goal in such studies is to compare simulations of a molecular system under several conditions—for example, with various mutations or bound ligands—in order to identify differences between the molecular conformations adopted under these conditions. However, the large amount of data produced by simulations of ever larger and more complex systems often renders it difficult to identify the structural features that are relevant to a particular biochemical phenomenon. We present a flexible software package named Python ENSemble Analysis (PENSA) that enables a comprehensive and thorough investigation into biomolecular conformational ensembles. It provides featurization and feature transformations that allow for a complete representation of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, including water and ion binding sites, thus avoiding the bias that would come with manual feature selection. PENSA implements methods to systematically compare the distributions of molecular features across ensembles to find the significant differences between them and identify regions of interest. It also includes a novel approach to quantify the state-specific information between two regions of a biomolecule, which allows, for example, tracing information flow to identify allosteric pathways. PENSA also comes with convenient tools for loading data and visualizing results, making them quick to process and easy to interpret. PENSA is an open-source Python library maintained at https://github.com/drorlab/pensa along with an example workflow and a tutorial. We demonstrate its usefulness in real-world examples by showing how it helps us determine molecular mechanisms efficiently.
Molecular orientation of dielectric layers at indigo/dielectric interfaces impacts the ordering of indigo films in organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Tanoue Koki , Ishii Hisao , Marsters Celena L. , Roberts Sean T. , Miyamae Takayuki
Published: January 2025

Organic multilayer systems, which are stacked layers of different organic materials, are used in various organic electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In particular, OFETs are promising as key components in flexible electronic devices. In this study, we investigated how the inclusion of an insulating tetratetracontane (TTC) interlayer in ambipolar indigo-based OFETs can be used to alter the crystallinity and electrical properties of the indigo charge transport layer. We find that the inclusion of a 20-nm-thick TTC film thermally annealed at a low temperature of 70 °C acts to significantly increase the ambipolar electrical transport of the indigo layer. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and vibrational sum frequency generation measurements showed that annealing the TTC film significantly improved its ordering. The electronic sum-frequency generation spectra of TTC/indigo bilayers show that this improved ordering of TTC films promotes the growth of crystalline indigo films that exhibit charge mobilities in OFET that are nearly an order of magnitude larger than those measured for devices grown on unannealed TTC layers. Furthermore, using vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, we found that pre-annealing the TTC layer prior to indigo deposition can suppress the formation of defects within the TTC layer during indigo film growth, which also contributes to enhanced charge transport. Our results highlight the importance of controlling the molecular ordering within the interlayer contacts in OFET structures to achieve an enhanced performance.
Informers for turbulent time series data forecast
Authors: Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William , Fung Daryl , Spottswood S. Michael
Published: January 2025

Long-sequence time-series forecasting requires deep learning models with high predictive capacity to capture long-range dependencies between inputs and outputs effectively. This study presents a methodology for forecasting pressure time series in shock-wave, turbulent boundary layer interaction flows. Pressure signals were extracted below the λ-shock foot for six deformed rigid panel surface cases, where the low-frequency unsteadiness of the shock–boundary layer interaction is most prominent. The Informer model demonstrated superior performance in accurately predicting the pressure signals. Comparative numerical experiments revealed that the Informer model generally outperformed the Transformer, as indicated by lower root mean square errors and a more accurate power spectrum. The Informer effectively resolved the low-frequency unsteadiness of the λ-shock foot and better matched the ground truth's low- to mid-frequency power content. The forecasted pressure signals accuracy remained robust across all six rigid surface deformation cases, though subtle yet noticeable discrepancies still manifested. The accuracy of the Informer forecasted pressure time series was heavily dependent on the forecasting time step size. A step size of four provided a closer match to the ground truth in a deterministic manner, while a step size of eight achieved a better agreement in a stochastic sense. Larger time step sizes resulted in a gradual decline in accuracy.
Sessile droplet evaporation in the uniform electric field: A lattice Boltzmann method study
Authors: Ouyang Shifan , Wang Zhentao , Wang Jue , Dong Qingming , Wang Junfeng
Published: January 2025

Droplet evaporation plays a critical role in nature, science, and industrial applications. The electric field is usually regarded as an effective method to enhance heat and mass transfer. In this work, the evaporation of sessile droplets in the uniform electric field has been numerically studied coupling the mass, momentum, energy, and Poisson equations solved by a lattice Boltzmann method. The results indicate that the heat transfer is affected by the electric field, wettability, and liquid physical properties. The deformation direction of the droplet in the electric field depends on the liquid physical properties, where the prolate deformation occurs with Rσ>Sε and the oblate deformation occurs with Rσ<Sε. When the contact angle is 90°, for a prolate droplet, the evaporation is first enhanced and then hindered in the presence of an electric field, while for an oblate droplet, the evaporation is constantly improved. When the droplet is placed on the hydrophilic (θ0=40°) surface or hydrophobic (θ0=140°) surface, the influence of the electric field gets complicated. The synergistic effect of the electric field and wettability on droplet evaporation strongly depends on the completion of heat convection between the gas and liquid, and heat conduction between the liquid and substrate.
On Carrollian and Galilean contractions of BMS algebra in 3 and 4 dimensions
Authors: Borowiec Andrzej , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Trześniewski Tomasz
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we find a class of Carrollian and Galilean contractions of (extended) Bondi–van der Burg–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) algebra in 3+1 and 2+1 dimensions. To this end, we investigate possible embeddings of 3D/4D Poincaré into the BMS

3

and BMS

4

algebras, respectively. The contraction limits in the 2+1-dimensional case are then enforced by appropriate contractions of its Poincaré subalgebras. In 3+1 dimensions, we have to apply instead the analogy between the structures of Poincaré and BMS algebra. In the case of non-vanishing cosmological constant in 2+1 dimensions, we consider the contractions of Λ-BMS

3

algebra in an analogous manner. As a by-product, we have also analyzed reality conditions on the Witt algebra and obtained new results.
Analysis of streamer discharge characteristics and voltage waveform influencing factors in large-size sphere-plate gap
Authors: Geng Jianghai , Zhang Hang , Ma Wenchuang , Wang Ping , Liu Yunpeng , Luo Bing , Liu Lei , Xiao Wei , Zhong Zheng
Published: January 2025

To better understand the streamer discharge characteristics within the shielding sphere-plate gap in high-altitude converter halls, this study investigates the effects of altitude and surface burrs on discharge parameters during streamer discharge. Tests are conducted at altitudes of 2200 m and 3400 m, utilizing a 1.6 m diameter shielding sphere with a 5 m plate gap under positive polarity impulse conditions. The results reveal that the presence of burrs results in earlier initiation of streamer discharge and smaller increases in optical power during discharge. Moreover, higher altitudes result in earlier initiation of the streamer and a steeper rate of increase in field intensity. Furthermore, the analysis of voltage waveform slope reduction jitter during streamer discharge focuses on the effects of wire corona on voltage wave propagation, the influence of stray capacitance, and the charge injection during streamer. Wire corona reduces voltage wave propagation speed, with relatively minor changes in waveform compared to test data. Comparing different stray capacitance values and corresponding voltage fluctuations reveals increased fluctuation with larger stray capacitance values. Additionally, simulating charge injection during streamer discharge on voltage waveforms through an equivalent circuit yields results consistent with experimental observations. This study provides a data basis for analyzing the factors influencing voltage fluctuations during the streamer period.
Investigation of magnetic and transport properties of GdSbSe
Authors: Gautam Aarti , Kant Mishra Prabuddha , Banerjee Souvik , Sundaresan A , Kumar Ganguli Ashok
Published: January 2025

We report the detailed investigation of the magnetic, transport, and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of GdSbSe by magnetic susceptibility

χ
(
T
)

, isothermal magnetization M(H), resistivity

ρ
(
T
,
H
)

, and heat capacity

C
p

(
T
)

measurements, crystallizing in the ZrSiS-type tetragonal crystal system with space group P4/nmm. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with two additional magnetic anomalies below Néel temperature (

T

N

≈
8.6

K), corroborated through magnetocaloric and specific heat studies. Isothermal magnetization measurements unveil hidden metamagnetic signatures through a clear deviation from linearity. In addition, the enhanced value of the Sommerfeld coefficient (γ = 152(5) mJ mol−1 K2) suggests strong electronic correlations in GdSbSe. The entropy of magnetization derived from magnetic isotherms unfolds the field-induced transition from Inverse MCE to Conventional MCE. The detailed transport properties indicate a semimetallic behavior, strongly coupled with magnetic order. Furthermore, the linear field dependence of MR in the high-field region anticipate the possibility of Dirac-like dispersion. Deviations from Kohler’s rule and non-linear Hall resistivity suggest the multiband nature of GdSbSe.