bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الإيقاع الدّاخلي في التشكيل الشعري لقصيدة النّثر
Authors: عباس محمد العبودي مها , خلباص حمادي إسماعيل
Published: December 2020

تناول هذا البحث الإيقاع الداخلي في التشكيل الشعري لقصيدة النثر ويتضمن: خصائص ومميزات قصيدة النثر, والإيقاع الداخلي لـقصيدة النثر, وأنماط الإيقاع في قصيدة النثر وتشمل:(الإيقاع الصوتي والإيقاع اللغوي والإيقاع الدلالي وإيقاع البياض), التي كـان لها تأثير فعّال في قصيدة النثر من خلال تكثيف الموسيقى والعناصر التي يجري شحنها بالموسيقى وبما يلائم علاقتها بالكلمات والحروف والمستوى الدلالي ومن الممكن التوسع أكثر في مفهوم الإيقاع عند النقاد مِنْ أنصار قصيدة النثر, ليثبت لنا في نـهاية المطاف أَن الإيقاع الداخلي في قصيدة النثر قبل كونه فكرة، ولغة، وصورة فهو إيقاع يفرز نـغمات شعرية هي التي تعوض غياب الوزن والقافية فيها من خلال:

التكرار بمستوياته فالتكرار يمنحنا عوامل إيقاعية, تتولد عن التوازي والتناظر والتضاد لتمنح القصيدة النثرية إيقاعاً داخلياً مميزاً, فالإيقاع الداخلي في قصيدة النثر يبدأ مِنْ التجربة الشعورية وينتهي إليها مِنْ خلال تداخل السواد والبياض كإيقاع, لذا يمكن القول إن أنماط الإيقاع تتضافر لتشكيل شعرية قصيدة النثر, وإِنِّ حضور هذه الأنماط لا يتحقق إلا بتطبيقها على جسد ديوان شعري يبرز الإيقاع الداخلي فيها.
جماليات التركيب النحوي ظاهرة الحذف في شعر نزار قباني
Authors: علي أحمد عاصي رائدة
Published: December 2020

ترتبط اللغة بالإبداع بشكل وثيق، لأنّ اللغة هي هاجس المبدع الأول والأخير، تمنح العمل الأدبي شرط وجوده وبقائه وتميّزه وفرادته. والكاتب المبدع يعمل على إبداع لغته الخاصّة، يهتمّ بتفجير طاقة اللغة المكنونة والمشحونة في مجال الإمكان من أجل إبداع خطاب أدبي مؤسّس لرؤية فاعلة، يجعل، ويعرف كيف يُوظّفها، ويتعامل معها تشكيلاً ونسيجاً وصناعة. فتنمو علاقاتها وبنياتها في ذاتها، وتستمدّ رموزها وأبعادها ودلالاتها من ذاتها، فتتحوّل من وسيلة تهدف إلى تأدية غاية إبلاغية تواصلية بحتة إلى الوسيلة الغاية في الوقت نفسه، يُحاورها، يكشف عن طاقاتها الجمالية الفنية، مجسّداً ذلك وفق نسيج وتشكيلات وروابط وعلاقات لغوية دلالية، تتجاوز المألوف العادي، وتكسر رتابة العلاقة بين الدال والمدلول. وهذا ما عرف بالبلاغة.

 والبلاغة فنّ التعبير الأدبي، وقاعدة في الوقت ذاته، فضلاً عن كونها أداة نقدية تستخدم في تقويم الأسلوب الفردي. وترصد حركيّة تطوّر اللغة، وتجدّدها تبعاً لطبيعة التجربة الإبداعية التي تقتضي أن تدرس اللغة في تنوّع وظائفها، وتعدّد مستوياتها واختلاف أساليبها.

 وظاهرة الحذف من ظواهر اللغة العديدة، وهي ظاهرة نحوية بلاغية، اهتمّ بها النحويون القدامى والمحدثون، وأولوها اهتمامًا كبيرًا كونها تعمّق المعنى، وتُغني الدلالة، وتُبرز جماليات التركيب النحوي، والتعبير الأدبي. ونزار قباني تعامل مع اللغة على أنّها ظاهرة فنية، ولجأ إلى ظاهرة الحذف ليخرج اللغة من معاجمها التقليدية، ويمنحها طاقات إيحائية، ودلالات جديدة.
المشورة في الاندلس ابان امارة عبد الرحمن الداخل (138-172هـ/ 755-778م)
Authors: محمد جودي احمد , عليوي كامل عدوية
Published: December 2020

انتهى الحكم الأموي في بلاد الشام بعد نجاح الثورة العباسية عام (132هـ / 750م) وسيطرة بلاد الشام. لم يرض العباسيون بهذا النصر، بل اتبعوا سياسة العنف والقسوة ضد الأمويين، كما يذكر ابن عذاري. وكان من بين الناجين عبد الرحمن بن معاوية، الذي ذهب إلى شمال أفريقيا التي عبر منها إلى الأندلس.

        وقبل الخوض في الأحداث السياسية في عصر الإمارة والنصيحة المصاحبة لخصت ما قالته المصادر عن ملامح شخصية عبدالرحمن، إذ من المفيد رؤيتها في ما يتعلق بموضوع الدراسة. 

        يبين لنا ابن حيان بعض صفات عبد الرحمن الداخل، قائلاً: " كان عبد الرحمن راجح الحلم راسخ العلم ، ثاقب الفهم ، كثير الحزم ، نافذ العزم ، سريع النهضة ، متصل الحركة ، لا يخلد الى راحة ، ولا يكنً الى دعه ، ولا يكلٌ الامور الى غيرهِ ثم لا ينفرد في إبرامها برأيه"

ويتضح لنا من هذا الوصف، وتحديداً الفقرة الأخيرة من النص، أنه من بين صفات عبد الرحمن أنه اعتمد مبدأ المشورة. المشاركة في صياغة القرارات المصيرية للبلاد.

       وقد أوضحنا في هذه الدراسة تطبيق مبدأ المشورة في مختلف جوانب الحياة والحياة السياسية نفسها بين السنوات (138-172هـ/ 755-778م)، وهي الفترة التي وصل فيها الأمير عبد الرحمن الداخل إلى السلطة في الأندلس، والتي أسستها الإمارة الأموية في الأندلس.
إتجاهات اساتذة كلية التربية في الجامعة المستنصرية نحو نظامي الاعداد (التكاملي ــ التتابعي ) لطلبتها
Authors: عبد الرسول الابراهيمي صفاء
Published: December 2020

من أهم جوانب أزمة إعداد مدرس التعليم الثانوي، الانخفاض الواضح في مَخرجات التَعليم العام، والتعليم الثانوي بصفة خاصة. والعملية  التعليمية منظومة متكاملة، تتفاعل في داخلها المراحل التعليمية، فمخرجات التعليم قبل الجامعي تتحول إلى مدخلات للتعليم الجامعي، كما أن مَخرجات التعليم الجامعي تتحول إلى مدخلات مُباشرة وغير مُباشرة للتعليم الثانوي، هذا يعني أن مشكلات الجامعة بشكل عام وكليات التربية بشكل خاص تبدأ من النظام التعليمي في المراحل السابقة، فهنالك فجوة كبيرة  بين مدخلات كليات التربية ومخرجاتها ولتخطي هذه الفجوة جاءت هذه الدراسة، وهدفت الإجابة عن التساؤلين الرئيسيين الآتين:

1ـ تعرف إتجاهات اساتذة كليةْ التربِية في الجامِعة المُستنصرية نحو نظامي الاعداد (التكاملي ــ التتابعي ) لطلبتها.

تعرف الفُروق الاحْصائية بإتجاهات اساتذة كلية التربية في الجامعة المستنصرية نحو نظامي الاعداد (التكاملي ــ التتابعي ) لطلبتها تبعا لتخصص الاستاذ (علمي ــ انساني) . سنوات الخدمة الجامعية. ( اقل من15 سنة ــــ اكثر من15 سنة) .

  تحدد مجتمع هذا البحث بالتدريسيين الجامعيين في كلية التربية – الجامعة المستنصرية على الملاك الصباحي والمسائي للعام الدراسي (2018- 2019)، وقد اختار الباحث منهم عينة عشوائية بلغ عدد افرادها (200) تدريسياً وتدريسية. وللحصول على البيانات اللازمة لتحليل النتائج تم بناء مقياس لاتجاهات الاساتذة الجامعيين نحو نظامي الاعداد (التكاملي ،التتابعي) (للطالب ــ المعلم) . وباستخدام الوسائل الاحصائية (الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة ، والاختبر التائي لعينين مستقلتين ، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون ) تم التوصل الى النتائج الاتية :

1- كانت اتجاهات عينة البحث نحو الاعداد التكاملي ايجابية بينما كانت سلبية نحو الأعداد التتابعي

2- تُوجد فروق ذو دَلالة احصائية في اتجاهات عينة البحث من ذوي التخصصات الانسانية لصالح نظام الاعداد التكاملي، في حين كانت هناك فروق في الاتجاهات نحو نظام الاعداد التتابعي حسب سنوات الخدمة الجامعية لصالح ذوي الخدمة الاكثر .

 في ضوء النتائج واستكمالاً لها اوصى الباحث بما يأتي:

1ــ ان تستمر كليات التربية  في اعتماد النظام التكاملي – بعد تحسينه ومعالجة سلبياته – لا نه النظام الأفضل والمناسب لإعداد طلبتها على مستوى كُليات التَربية بالجامعات العراقية .

2ــ ضرورة إحداث التوازن بين الإعداد الأكاديمي والإعداد المهني والإعداد الثقافي في برامج اعداد الطلبة  بكليات التربية. كما اقترح بعض المقترحات منها:

اجراء دراسة لمعرفة الصعوبات التي تحول دون اعتماد النظام التَتابعي  في كٌليات التربة.
اثر استعمال إستراتيجية التدريس التبادلي (طرح الأسئلة- التلخيص- التوضيح- التنبؤ) في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الإعدادي الفرع الأدبي في مادة علم الاجتماع.
Authors: خضير سكران عرمش ناصر
Published: December 2020

يرمي البحث الحالي لإجابة على الفرضية الآتية:-

      هل يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الإعدادية الفرع الأدبي في مادة علم الاجتماع الذين يدرسون على وفق إستراتيجية التدريس التبادلي (طرح الأسئلة- التلخيص- التوضيح- التنبؤ) والطلاب الذين يدرسون المادة نفسها بالطريقة التقليدية؟ اذ اختار الباحث شعبتين (أ- ب)  لتكونان المجموعة الضابطة والتجريبية، وصممت أداة البحث التي تكونت من اختيار بعدي وهدف الاختيار لقياس مدى تكافؤ المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في التحصيل، وبغية التحقق من الصدق الظاهري عرض الباحث طريقة إعادة الاختبار لقياس ثباته، وبعد إجراء الاختبار حللت البيانات باستعمال الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة اذ أظهرت النتيجة الآتية:-

بلغ متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (28.6).

بلغ متوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة (20.49).

     يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) اذ كانت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (6.70) أكبر من القيمة التائية الجدولية (2.000) بدرجة حرية (68) وهذا يدل على تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI DOI MOI DI BIDANG PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI VIETNAM: ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI DEKRIT 43 TAHUN 2006
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

DAMPAK PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI DOI MOI DI BIDANG PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI VIETNAM: ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI DEKRIT 43 TAHUN 2006Tugas Karya AkhirDiajukan sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar sarjana Ilmu PolitikMARIETTA RISANTINPM: 1306384385
Structure-Function Relationships in Brain-Injured Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Parsons Nicholas , Hughes Matthew , Poudel Govinda , D. Juan F. Dominguez , Caeyenberghs Karen
Published: December 2020

The human brain is a dynamic network comprised of elements which are structurally connected and functionally interactive. A tight structure-function relationship is vital for this system to produce seamless cognition and behaviour. Brain injuries due to either neurological disease or single-event injuries alter the dynamics of normal structure-function interaction, resulting in poor neurobehavioural outcomes for patients. This scoping review is a synthesis of recent progress in understanding how brain injuries alter the structure-function relationship. We identified 16 studies that investigated the structure-function relationship in brain-injured cohorts, using fMRI and either T1-weighted or diffusion-weighted MRI to calculate, respectively, grey matter density or structural connectivity. Overall, a reduced structure-function relationship was found in brain-injured patients relative to healthy controls. This weakened relationship coincided with impaired cognition. Structural and functional MRI information should also be reconciled into suitable graph theoretical frameworks such as the multilayer network approach
The values of survival: Socio-cultural values predict COVID-19-related mortality
Authors: Endress Ansgar D
Published: December 2020

Preexisting conditions affect disease susceptibility. Here, I show that socio-cultural values are population-level risk factors for disease. Using data from the World Values Survey, I show that, between 2 weeks and 6 months after the first COVID-19-related death in a country, COVID-19-related mortality is increased in countries endorsing values related to political participation, but decreased in countries with more trust in institutions and materialistic orientations. After controlling for income, age, urbanicity, smoking, overweight, private health expenditure and lockdown delay, these socio-cultural values were consistent across country-sets, reduced prediction errors by up to 52% and explained up to 68% of inter-country variability. They were relatively specific to COVID-19-related mortality. I could not identify values predicting general health outcomes, and values predicting increased COVID-19-related mortality predicted decreased mortality due to other causes like environmental-related mortality, explaining up to 90% of inter-country variability. Socio-cultural values might be specific predictors of health outcomes.
Students’ Motivational Trajectories and Academic Success in Math-Intensive Study Programs: Why Short-Term Motivational Assessments Matter
Authors: Benden Daria Katharina , Lauermann Fani
Published: December 2020

Students’ expectancy-value beliefs play an important role in shaping their educational choices and behaviors. Drawing on Eccles et al.’s situated expectancy-value theory, we investigated short-term changes in students’ expectancy-value beliefs in gateway math courses for beginning university students. In Study 1a, we collected data from first-semester students in three math-intensive study programs at the beginning, midpoint, and end of the semester (N = 1,004). Latent change score analyses revealed a significant decline in students’ expectancy, intrinsic value, and utility value, and an increase in perceived psychological and effort costs over the first half of the semester. These maladaptive motivational changes predicted students’ end-of-term study program satisfaction, exam performance, and course dropout. Study 1b then explored weekly motivational changes in the very first weeks of the semester using a subsample from Study 1a (N = 773). We found that students experienced a “motivational shock” between Weeks 2 and 3 of the semester that coincided with their first performance feedback on mandatory math worksheets. The motivational shock was characterized by a rapid decline in students’ intrinsic and utility values, and a significant increase in their perceived cost. Similar to Study 1a, the motivational shock in Study 1b predicted students’ end-of-term study program satisfaction, exam performance, and course dropout. Across both studies, female students and students with comparatively lower prior achievement experienced more negative motivational changes. Our studies underscore the importance of considering short-term motivational changes as early warning signs of academic struggles and course dropout in math-intensive fields.
Socio-cultural values predict COVID-19-related mortality
Authors: Endress Ansgar D
Published: December 2020

Preexisting conditions affect disease susceptibility. Here, I show that socio-cultural values are population-level risk factors for disease. Using data from the World Values Survey, I show that, between 2 weeks and 6 months after the first COVID-19-related death in a country, COVID-19-related mortality is increased in countries endorsing values related to political participation, but decreased in countries with more trust in institutions and materialistic orientations. After controlling for income, age, urbanicity, smoking, overweight, private health expenditure and lockdown delay, these socio-cultural values were consistent across country-sets, reduced prediction errors by up to 52% and explained up to 68% of inter-country variability. They were relatively specific to COVID-19-related mortality. I could not identify values predicting general health outcomes, and values predicting increased COVID-19-related mortality predicted decreased mortality due to other causes like environmental-related mortality, explaining up to 90% of inter-country variability. Socio-cultural values might be specific predictors of health outcomes.
The Meaning Extraction Method: An Approach to Evaluate Content Patterns from Large-Scale Language Data
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew
Published: December 2020

Qualitative content analyses often rely on a top-down approach to understand themes in a collection of texts. A codebook prescribes how humans should qualitatively judge if a text fits a theme based on rules and judgment criteria. Qualitative approaches are challenging because they require many resources (e.g., coders, training, rounds of coding), can be affected by researcher or coder bias, may miss meaningful patterns that deviate from the codebook, and often use a subsample of the data. A complementary, bottom-up approach — the Meaning Extraction Method — has been popular in social psychology but rarely applied to communication research. This paper outlines the value of the Meaning Extraction Method, concluding with a guide to conduct analyses of content and themes from massive and complete datasets, quantitatively. The Meaning Extraction Method is performed on a public and published archive of pet adoption profiles to demonstrate the approach. Considerations for communication research are offered.
1 What Beliefs are Associated with COVID Vaccination Intentions? Implications for Campaign Planning
Authors: Hornik Robert , Woko Chioma , Siegel Leeann , KIm Kwanho , Kikut Ava , Jesch Emma , Clark Danielle
Published: December 2020

COVID vaccination intentions vary among the US population. We report the results of a nationally representative survey undertaken in July 2020 (N=889) that examined the association of six vaccine-specific beliefs with intentions to vaccinate. We find that four of the six beliefs have substantial associations with intention (Gammas between .60 and .77), that the associations mostly do not vary with gender, age, race/ethnicity, or misinformation (even though intentions do vary with each of those variables). Also, once adjusted for the vaccine-specific beliefs, level of misinformation is not related to intentions. We consider the implications of these results and argue both that persuasive campaigns can be informed by these specific results, and given rapid changes in vaccine availability, that there is a substantial need for elaborated and repeated follow-up studies.
Toward a differentiated assessment of narcissism in forensic contexts: Validating the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire Short Scale (NARQ-S) in a forensic sample
Authors: Niemeyer Lisa Maria , Grosz Michael P. , Jallalvand Lina , Mota Simon , Back Mitja
Published: December 2020

Grandiose narcissism is a multidimensional construct consisting of agentic and antagonistic aspects with markedly distinct correlates and consequences. However, this complexity has not been reflected in how grandiose narcissism is measured and investigated in forensic contexts. To provide a more nuanced picture of narcissism in a forensic context, we harnessed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept. More precisely, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire short scale (NARQ-S) in self- and informant reports of 199 male prisoners. Results confirmed the two-dimensional structure, acceptable internal consistency, moderate self-other agreement, and a differentiated nomological network for the NARQ-S. Admiration and rivalry showed distinct associations with criminal history, institutional misbehaviors, and social status in the group of prisoners. Together, the findings provide initial evidence for the validity and utility of self- and informant reports of the NARQ-S in forensic contexts and its contribution to security and treatment recommendations.
Filling the Gaps: Vacancy Chains and Agent-Based Models
Authors: Pârvulescu Radu Andrei
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces agent-based model (ABMs) for studying vacancy-based mobility, such as finding a new apartment or getting a promotion. This approach outperforms current, canonical analytic vacancy models by: 1) modelling off-equilibrium cases; 2) simulating multiple, overlapping, exogenous shocks of varying durations and intensities; 3) instantiating dynamic systems with an inherent tendency towards stability, ex. prototypical bureaucracies; 4) increasing realism by relaxing standard Markovian assumptions; and 5) providing confidence bands for point estimates. Applying ABM vacancy models to an empirical example of occupational mobility reveals a previously undocumented cohort mechanism, the purge boomerang. These novel models also further the idiom of ABMs by explicitly coding vacancies as agents, thereby introducing a formal representation of absence, akin to the zero symbol in arithmetic.
A Typology of Research Discovery Tools
Authors: Pacher Andreas
Published: December 2020

There has been a proliferation of new research discovery tools that aid scientists in finding relevant publications. To obtain a general overview of this development, this article generates a conceptual typology of all possible research discovery tools by drawing from the information-theoretical concepts of redundancy/variety. Bibliometric links between scholarly publications can thus exhibit ‘redundancy’ (i.e. expectable linkages between academic works) or ‘variety’ (i.e. original co-occurrence patterns). On the redundancy-reproducing end of the typology are machines that harness extant co-citations or keyword queries, such as academic search engines and paper recommender systems. The variety end of the spectrum harbours services that enable categorial browsing or that suggest publications randomly, such as journals’ tables of contents or random paper bots. The typology has implications for understanding how the design of research discovery platforms may ultimately shape aggregate citational networks of science.
Estudio post-mortem de las alteraciones en la expresión de RNA en el cerebro de pacientes suicidas
Authors: Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda
Published: December 2020

Despite individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) have a high suicide risk, most of gene expression studies in suicide have excluded individuals with this disorder. Thus, little is known about the gene expression profile in suicides with SUD. The identification of altered biological processes in the brain of suicides with SUD is crucial in the comprehension of the SUD and suicidal behavior comorbidity. This dissertation describes the evaluation of gene expression differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of suicides and non-suicides with and without SUD.Sixty-six brain tissue samples were collected and classified in the following groups: i) 23 suicides with SUD, ii) 20 suicides without SUD, iii) 9 non-suicides with SUD and iv) 14 non-suicides without SUD. The results of this study suggest that suicides with SUD have a gene expression profile in the prefrontal cortex different from that of individuals with only one of these conditions, presenting differences in the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and glutamatergic neurotransmission.We performed a re-analysis of the gene expression data of 38 suicides focused on dual diagnosis and suicide. Dual diagnosis is the concurrence of at least one SUD and one or more mental disorders in a given individual. Although this comorbidity is highly prevalent and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, its neurobiology has not been elucidated. In addition, patients with dual pathology have a higher suicide risk compared to patients with only one disorder.The objective of this re-analysis was to evaluate the differences in the gene expression profile in the prefrontal cortex of suicides with dual pathology compared to suicides with a single disorder. Our results suggest an alteration in the expression of genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, GABAergic neurotransmission and neurogenesis in suicides with dual diagnosis compared to suicides with a single disorder and suicides without mental comorbidities.The observed differences in gene expression in the prefrontal cortex between suicides with and without SUD, as well as suicides with dual diagnosis and a single disorder may contribute to the phenotypic and clinical discrepancies observed among these patients. The identification of molecular characteristics in the brain of individuals with suicidal behavior and psychiatric comorbidities will allow the design of preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at the adequate treatment of each comorbidity.
Perspectiva del COVID-19 en Colombia para el año 2021
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2020

Introducción: el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) se ha dispersado velozmente por todo el mundo, incluida la importancia relativa de varias vías de transmisión, el papel de las infecciones asintomáticas y presintomáticas y la susceptibilidad y transmisibilidad de grupos de edad específicos. Objetivo: presentar una perspectiva del contagio de personas recuperadas y fallecidas por el COVID-19 en Colombia para 2021. Metodología: el método utilizado para calcular el pronóstico fue el modelo ARIMA (0,1,0). Resultados: se estimó que para finalizar el mes de diciembre 2021, se tendrá un número de 4’973.547 personas contagiadas, 4’784.987 personas recuperadas, y 110.159 personas fallecidas. Conclusión: la utilización de   modelación   matemática   ha   progresado en grado representativo en las últimas décadas es de gran impulso para ilustrar escenarios eficaces de prevención y control de enfermedades infectocontagiosas, esto con la finalidad de seguir monitoreando el SARS-CoV-2, y poder controlar su velocidad de propagación en Colombia.
Heinrich von Kleist’s “Marquise von O….”: Literary Honesty and the Precarious Potential of Disclosure
Authors: Nolan Daniel
Published: December 2020

Kleist’s early prose tale begins with the announcement of the Marquise’s unusual circumstances in the local intelligence gazettes. The Marquise’s announcement calls on readers to reflect on the function of honesty and sincerity in public texts. The presentation of something unsettling in this opening scene quickly demonstrates that honesty is always more than mere adherence to truth. By paying close attention to the announcement made in Kleist’s text, this article seeks to revise an important perspective found in scholarship on Kleist by viewing his emphasis on privacy, transgression, and individual honesty not as a retreat from emerging public discourse but instead as performative acts of and reflections on disclosure. To do so, this article considers Kleist’s novella in the context of ongoing work in critical theory on the way disclosure informs our understanding of aesthetics in public culture.
Trauma, Haunting, and the Limits of Narration in Gabi Köpp’sWarum war ich bloß ein Mädchen, Leonie Biallas’s“Komm, Frau, raboti”: Ich war Kriegsbeute, and Renate Meinhof’sDas Tagebuch der Maria Meinhof
Authors: Schwartz Agatha
Published: December 2020

In this article the author examines three examples of German women’s life-writing that thematize mass rapes by the Red Army at the end of the Second World War from the perspective of adolescent girls, regarding their representation of the rapes and the way they frame the trauma experienced by the survivors along with short- and long-term consequences. The author argues that despite the effects of what Suzette Henke calls “scriptotherapy” the narratives may have had for their writers, two levels of haunting intersect and ultimately remain unreconciled in these texts : (1) the haunting of the sexual violence that affected the women personally; and (2) the haunting of the Nazi past. While the former is the main focus of the narratives in that they attempt to formulate what Urvashi Butalia calls a “vocabulary of rupture” around traumatic memory, the latter manifests in a contradictory representation of the Soviets as well as in narrative lacunae or erasure of Nazi Germany’s responsibility for the war. The author concludes with a reflection on contemporary sexual politics and the transgenerational impact of the haunting in children born of rape.
Katmanlı Parçacıklar Kullanılarak Üretilen Bakır Esaslı Malzemelerin Karakterizasyonu
Authors: VAROL Temel , AKSA Hüseyin Can , GÜLER Onur
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, yüksek elektriksel iletkenliğe sahip ve oksidasyon direnci arttırılmış bakır esaslı elektrik malzemeleri, sıcak presleme yöntemi ile gümüş kaplı bakır tozları kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Gümüş kaplı bakır tozlarının sentezlenmesinde akımsız kaplama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla bakır tozları, indirgeyici olarak sodyum potasyum tartarat (C4H4O6KNa4.H2O) ve iyon kaynağı olarak gümüş nitratın (AgNO3) kullanıldığı akımsız gümüş banyosunda gümüş ile kaplanmıştır. Gümüş kaplı bakır tozların mikro yapısı ve morfolojisini araştırmak için taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve faz türlerini belirlemek için X-ışını kırımı kullanılmıştır. Homojen mikroyapı ve yüksek yoğunluğa sahip bakır esaslı elektrik malzemeleri, gümüş kaplı bakır tozların sıcak preslenmesi ile imal üretilmiştir. Saf bakır numunelerle karşılaştırıldığında gümüş kaplı bakır numuneler mükemmel elektrik iletkenliği (92 IACs), iyi derecede sertlik (76 Brinell) ve oksidasyon direnci ( % 0,281-560 °C ve 60 dak.) göstermektedir.
Complications Following Pre-Operative Radiotherapy and Vascular Reconstruction to the Groin in Sarcoma Patients: A Series of Cases
Authors: S Paul Ashok , El-Omar Omar , Butaliu George-Cristian , Akbani Umair , Murray David , S Paul Ashok
Published: December 2020

Background: The mainstay of therapy in most soft tissue sarcomas is a combination of surgery and
radiotherapy. Although aimed directly at the tumor, radiotherapy may also cause damage to surrounding
tissue, particularly at therapeutic levels. In most cases, irritated tissue will heal well, although some longlasting effects may remain. In patients presenting with large sarcomas near the groin, pre-operative
radiotherapy followed by radical excision and vascular reconstruction is a common practice. However,
neither synthetic vascular grafts nor venous autografts tend to react well to radiotherapy.
Case Presentation: In this case series, we report 3 patients who underwent pre-operative radiotherapy prior
to vascular reconstructive surgery. In all 3 cases, many post-operative complications necessitated multiple
further operations. Two of the 3 eventually required an above and below knee amputation, and the third
developed sepsis and pulmonary metastasis. We discuss the role of pre-operative radiotherapy and vascular
reconstruction to the groin in sarcoma patients, and query whether this combination could be reconsidered
given the potential consequences. We also discuss the efficacy of a lower therapeutic radiotherapy dose and
the effect this may have on surgical outcomes.
Conclusion: The combination of pre-operative radiotherapy and vascular reconstruction to the groin in
sarcoma patients may carry significant morbidity, thereby putting the limb and/or life at risk. The need for
pre-operative radiotherapy in groin sarcoma patients requiring vascular reconstruction should therefore be
considered very carefully by an expert multidisciplinary team. Post-operative radiotherapy may be a suitable
alternative.
Two new Palaearctic species of Saotis Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R.
Published: December 2020

Two new species of ichneumon-flies are described: Saotis caucasica sp. n. from North Caucasus, and Holarctic S. pygidiator with four subspecies (S. pygidiator pygidiator ssp. n. from Europe, S. p. ivan ssp. n. from Transbaikalia, S. p. arctor ssp. n. from northern Siberia, and S. p. nearctor ssp. n. from Alaska and Canada). S. pygidiator pygidiator is reared by J.-P. Kopelke from 3 species of Pontania, gall-forming sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) on Salix spp.
Introduction
Authors: Karolewski Ireneusz Pawel , Pänke Julian , Roose Jochen
Published: December 2020

Germany’s role in Europe and the world is changing fundamentally. For about five decades West Germany’s and reunited Germany’s position was very much aligned with the European integration project.

Despite its hegemonic potential, Germany defined its role as a partner of the other EU member states. Within the EU framework and globally, it mostly acted jointly with European partners, particularly France. Although Germany’s situation altered significantly after unification, it still refrained from exercising its increased power and was rather seeking the role of a “gentle giant.” This was largely the case despite some exceptions, such as the unilateral recognition of Croatian and Slovenian independence in the early 1990s, and criticism that Germany might tend to single-handed foreign policy—the “Alleingang.”
Perceptions of German Leadership
Authors: Galpin Charlotte
Published: December 2020

This article examines perceptions of Germany in Ireland during the Euro crisis. It explores debates about a “normalization” of Germany’s role in Europe and its European identity, calling for a focus on external perceptions of Germany as key to understanding the extent to which Germany is viewed as “normal” from the outside. Through a presentation of findings from qualitative analysis of political speeches and newspaper articles, it shows that perceptions of Germany are filtered through discourses on Irish national identity that place Irish economic interests and national sovereignty at the heart of Irish engagement in the EU. Whereas Irish leaders argue in favor of further integration as a means to regain economic sovereignty, opposition actors and the conservative press see Germany as exercising economic control of Europe. The Irish case demonstrates that Germany’s past continues to shape the way in which its leadership in Europe is perceived from the outside.
Looking for the Way Out
Authors: Roose Jochen , Sommer Moritz , Kousis Maria
Published: December 2020

In times of crisis, the attribution of responsibility is at the core of public debates. Next to the question of blame, collective interpretations of who should impose remedies are contested. In the Eurozone crisis, Germany was an obvious addressee for this attribution of “treatment responsibility.” After years of relative reluctance, Germany had occupied a new role as it strongly pressured for harsh austerity in Greece and other crisis-hit countries. This article explores the public attribution of treatment responsibility among Greek and German actors in the Eurozone crisis debate. Based on a systematic content analysis of German and Greek newspapers as well as Reuters news reports between 2009 to 2016, we find a surprising absence of German actors as attribution addressees in Greece. Despite Germany’s dominant role in the Eurozone crisis, Greek actors stress the responsibility of their own government (and that of EU actors) to act upon the crisis. In the German debate, Greek addressees are one category among many in a strongly Europeanized debate.
Virile Resistance and Servile Collaboration
Authors: Mrovlje Maša
Published: December 2020

The article aims to expose and contest the gendered representation of betrayal in resistance movements. For a theoretical framework, I draw on Simone de Beauvoir’s critique of masculinist myths of femininity inThe Second Sex, combined with contemporary feminist scholarship on the oppressive constructions of female subjectivity in debates on war and violence. I trace how the hegemonic visions of virile resistance tend to subsume the grey zones of women’s resistance activity under two reductive myths of femininity – the self-sacrificial mother and the seductivefemme fatale– while obscuring the complexities of betrayal arising from women’s embodied vulnerabilities. I demonstrate the political relevance of this theoretical exploration on the example of two representative French Resistance novels, Joseph Kessel’sArmy of Shadowsand Roger Vailland’sPlaying with Fire.
Carbon-offset Networks in Mexico: The Heterogeneity of Regulation and Its Effects on the National Carbon Market
Authors: Aguilar Rodríguez Adriana , Gouritin Armelle
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to provide evidence on how the concurrence of multiple carbon markets in Mexico that differ in regulation ―highly regulated, semiregulated, unregulated― can affect the ability of actors to coordinate their actions. It follows the implementation of a carbon-offset project in Mexico called Scolel Te over time. Based on the social exchange theory, we show that the concurrence of multiple carbon markets with different degrees of regulation can influence the tactics or competitive strategies of actors in the network. In particular, it encourages changes in actors’ strategies (balancing operations) in the network to minimize regulatory costs and to become competitive by attracting financial resources to the project. Another finding is that the emergence of an unregulated local carbon market in Mexico creates unintended incentives for actors to adopt less environmentally responsible strategies and avoid participation in more environmentally responsible markets, such as Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs).
Governance as a means of democratization of the social environment: theoretical and methodological aspect of terminological uncertainty
Authors: Ryabchenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The article highlights the issue of clear terminology and inconsistent interpretation of the essence of governance as a phenomenon and a mean of democratization of the social environment. The results of the critical analysis of the works dedicated to the problem are highlighted. A logical and semantic analysis of the types of governance that appear in the modern domestic theoretical discourse. As a result of the analysis, a terminological contradiction was revealed, therefore, uncertainty in the subject field of the study of governance issues. It is emphasized that such terminological uncertainty is a significant methodological obstacle in providing adequate research on governance and carrying out recommendations for its successful solution, which is extremely important for modern Ukrainian society, which needs democratization. Governance is noted to be an unalterable means of democratizing the social environment. An interpretation of the essence of the basic principles of governance is done. It is recommended to abandon the pluralism of adjectives, which create a semantic contradiction and generate terminological uncertainty of governance and to stand with the term "governance" without any additional determinants. It is proposed to define governance as a democratic form of social governance based on the principles of openness, participation, accountability, efficiency, coherence, responsibility, partnership, accountability, integrity, fairness and distributed leadership. It is recommended to develop a broad public discourse around the problems that hinder the effective implementation of the principles of governance at various levels of the social hierarchy in Ukraine, including domestic universities.
The methodology for assessing the level of localization of agricultural tractors production
Authors: Godzhayev Z. A , Lavrov A. V , Shevtsov V. G , Zubina V. A
Published: December 2020

The existing list of requirements for agricultural tractors to classify them as products manufactured in Russia is considered. An assessment of the impact of the requirements of the Government of the Russian Federation decree on the fulfillment of tasks for the development of the Russian economy was made. It is proposed to stimulate the creation of jobs by setting a threshold value for the level of localization in terms of cost indicator. An assessment of the technological need for agricultural tractors for the primary stimulation of the production of the most scarce equipment was carried out. An approach to motivate the technological development of production and improve the technical level of products of enterprises is proposed. It is indicated that it is necessary to take into account in the methodology the directions of the manufacturer's activity that are important for the agricultural consumer. An improved methodology for assessing the level of localization of production of agricultural mobile energy products is presented. The basic methodology was significantly adjusted with the transition from an arbitrary list of obsolete technological operations to the cost assessment of modern technologies, quantitative accounting of the scarcity of manufactured equipment, the volume of service, the development of R&D works, the operational provision of spare parts, etc. The level of localization, which is sufficient to recognize a specific model as produced in Russia, is calculated as the sum of the shares of the cost of the tractor using a number of reducing factors that take into account the progressive influence of localized production: the scarcity ratio of the manufactured model; the service network coefficient; R&D funding ratio; spare parts warehouse availability factor. The implementation of this methodology contributes to the solution of tasks for the development of the Russian economy: job creation; organization of production of scarce equipment (import substitution); promotion of innovative technologies; maintenance of service; development of research and development work; prompt provision of spare parts.
Genetically Driven Optimal Selection of Opinion Spreaders in Complex Networks
Authors: Topîrceanu Alexandru
Published: December 2020

The problem of influence maximization (IM) represents a major challenge for modern network science, with direct applicability in political science, economy, epidemiology, and rumor spreading. Here, we develop a novel computational intelligence framework (GenOSOS) based on genetic algorithms with emphasis on the optimal layout of spreader nodes in a network. Our algorithm starts with solutions consisting of randomly selected spreader nodes; then, by defining custom original crossover and mutation operators, we are able to obtain, in a short number of genetic iterations, nearly optimal solutions in terms of the nodes’ topological layout. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world networks show that the proposed GenOSOS algorithm is not only a viable alternative to the existing node centrality approach, but that it outperforms state of the art solutions in terms of spreading coverage. Specifically, we benchmark GenOSOS against graph centralities such as node degree, betweenness, PageRank and k-shell using the SIR epidemic model, and find that our solution is, on average, 11.45% more efficient in terms of diffusion coverage.
Analysis of the Software Most Used by Hackers to Carry Out Penetration Testing in Public Organizations
Authors: Toapanta Segundo Moisés Toapanta , González Raúl Francisco Pérez , Espinoza Máximo Giovani Tandazo , Gallegos Luis Enrique Mafla
Published: December 2020

Currently, the software handled by hackers is the main one to tackle a series of empirical knowledge, with this software attacking and helping organizations. The main objective is to analyze and systematize the software that is detected by hackers and crackers, in order to prevent risks and study the tactical levels and strategies for a given process. The analytical method is used in this investigation, for the study or analysis of the offensive software structure in public organizations. The results obtained from this research were an attack launching algorithm, software prototype taken by hackers, massive obfuscation model, and quantitative encryption model. It was concluded that piracy tools are used for preventive prevention and systems aggression, that is, to be defensive or offensive for a period, throughout an attack cycle.
A Simple Ensemble Learning Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Das Gupta Himel , Zhang Kun , Sheng Victor S.
Published: December 2020

Deep neural network (DNN) has shown significant improvement in learning and generalizing different machine learning tasks over the years. But it comes with an expense of heavy computational power and memory requirements. We can see that machine learning applications are even running in portable devices like mobiles and embedded systems nowadays, which generally have limited resources regarding computational power and memory and thus can only run small machine learning models. However, smaller networks usually do not perform very well. In this paper, we have implemented a simple ensemble learning based knowledge distillation network to improve the accuracy of such small models. Our experimental results prove that the performance enhancement of smaller models can be achieved through distilling knowledge from a combination of small models rather than using a cumbersome model for the knowledge transfer. Besides, the ensemble knowledge distillation network is simpler, time-efficient, and easy to implement.
Design, Simulation and Verification of a 7-DOF Joint Motion Simulation Platform
Authors: Cui Ze , Huang Saishuai , Chen Zenghao , Yang Hongxin , Zhu Danjie
Published: December 2020

The human body has many joints, and joint injuries frequently occur in various sports. To explore the biomechanical state of ligaments or muscles in human joints before and after damage, and to help doctors judge the damage and repair of joints, this article proposes a seven-degree-of-freedom platform based on three rotations spherical parallel mechanism for simulating human joint motion. Taking the knee joint as an example, this article simplified its model, and performed kinematics simulation by ADAMS to verify the feasibility of this mechanism. And based on the TRIO motion controller, we established the physical testing system. The correctness is finally verified by experiment in kind, which proves the feasibility of the joint motion simulation platform. And in terms of accuracy, it also performances very well. For example, when it needs to rotate 30∘ around the Y-axis, its actual rotation angle is 29.6∘, the error is less than 2%, and its translation error is also within 3%.
Prototype Design of a Ship Intelligent Integrated Platform
Authors: Wang Fuxin , Luo Hao , Yu Yuan , Ma Liyong
Published: December 2020

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to ship intelligence. However, in the sensor data acquisition network represented by the integrated ship bridge system, sensor data is collected and transmitted point to point, and the data coupling is strong, which is not conducive to the hierarchical utilization of data. To provide more effective data communication methods and flexible support to applications, intelligent integrated platform is needed by modern ship. Prototype design and practice of a ship intelligent platform is proposed, and the key technologies of the platform is discussed. The overall architecture of the platform is described. A hybrid network architecture with fieldbus, real-time ethernet and ethernet information network is introduced. And data storage architecture using NoSQL and hadoop distributed file system is described. The system can meet the real-time performance requirement of the control and information communication. An energy efficiency application based on the designed platform is developed, machine learning based method is employed to predict the heavy oil fuel consumption for ship navigation.
The Bounded Traveling Wave Solutions of a (3+1) Dimensions mKdv-ZK Equation
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong
Published: December 2020

The bounded traveling waves solutions of a (3+1) dimensions mKdv-ZK equation be investigated by using method of dynamical systems. The exact expressions of bounded periodic waves, solitary waves and kink waves are given. Under fixed parameter condition, the planar simulation graphs of the bounded periodic waves, solitary waves and kinks are obtained by using the software Mathematica 7.
A Model for the Burden of Persuasion in Argumentation
Authors: Calegari Roberta , Sartor Giovanni
Published: December 2020

This work provides a formal model for the burden of persuasion in legal proceedings. The model shows how the allocation of the burden of persuasion may induce a satisfactory outcome in contexts in which the assessment of conflicting arguments would, without such an allocation, remain undecided. The proposed model is based on an argumentation setting in which arguments may be accepted or rejected according to whether the burden of persuasion falls on the conclusion of such arguments or on its complements. Our model merges two ideas that have emerged in the debate on the burden of persuasion: the idea that allocation of the burden of persuasion makes it possible to resolve conflicts between arguments, and the idea that its satisfaction depends on the dialectical statuses of the arguments involved. Our model also addresses cases in which the burden of persuasion is inverted, and cases in which burdens of persuasion are inferred through arguments.
A Genetic Approach to the Ethical Knob
Authors: Iacca Giovanni , Lagioia Francesca , Loreggia Andrea , Sartor Giovanni
Published: December 2020

As Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are entering shared roads, the challenge of designing and implementing a completely autonomous vehicle is still open. Aside from technological issues regarding how to manage the complexity of the environment, AVs raise difficult legal issues and ethical dilemmas, especially in unavoidable accident scenarios. In this context, a vast speculation depicting moral dilemmas has developed in recent years. A new perspective was proposed: an “Ethical Knob” (EK), enabling passengers to ethically customise their AVs, namely, to choose between different settings corresponding to different moral approaches or principles. In this contribution we explore how an AV can automatically learn to determine the value of its “Ethical Knob” in order to achieve a trade-off between the ethical preferences of passengers and social values, learning from experienced instances of collision. To this end, we propose a novel approach based on a genetic algorithm to optimize a population of neural networks. We report a detailed description of simulation experiments as well as possible applications.
Using Argument Mining for Legal Text Summarization
Authors: Xu Huihui , Šavelka Jaromír , Ashley Kevin D.
Published: December 2020

Argument mining, a subfield of natural language processing and text mining, is a process of extracting argumentative text portions and identifying the role the selected texts play. Legal argument mining targets the argumentative parts of a legal text. In order to better understand how to apply legal argument mining as a step toward improving case summarization, we have assembled a sizeable set of cases and human-expert-prepared summaries annotated in terms of legal argument triples that capture the most important skeletal argument structures in a case. We report the results of applying multiple machine learning techniques to demonstrate and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to identify sentence components of these legal argument triples.