bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ethanol Extracts of Fresh Citrus sinensis (Sweet Orange) Seeds against Selected Bacterial Strains
Authors: Oikeh E.I. , Oviasogie F.E. , Omoregie E.S.
Published: June 2020

The antibacterial activities of fresh Citrus sinensis seed oil and non-oil  extract are investigated in this study. Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) bacterial strains are used in this study and antibacterial activity is estimated using the agar well diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were measured and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacteriostatic concentrations were determined. The results show that the non-oil extract had better antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli compared to the oil extract (zones of inhibition at 200 μg/ml of 12 mm, 8 mm and 2 mm respectively for the nonoil extract; 4 mm, 6 mm, 0 mm respectively for the seed oil). The seed oil however had better antibacterial activity compared to the non-oil extract in Salmonella spp. (zones of inhibition at 200 μg/ml of 8 mm for the seed oil compared to 4 mm for the non-oil extract). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed similar susceptibility to both extracts at both concentrations studied (zones of inhibition of 4 mm and 2 mm for both extracts at 200 μg/ml and 100 200 μg/ml respectively). Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 50 – 100 μg/ml while minimum bacteriostatic concentrations ranged from 100 – 200 μg/ml. We conclude from our findings that both extracts hold promise in the development of antimicrobial therapeutics.

Keywords: Citrus sinensis, Antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bacteriostatic concentration
Effect of Neem, Siam Weed and Vetiver Oils on Physiological Reactions and Fitness of House Fly, Musca domestica  L
Authors: Soyelu O.J. , Oluwamakinde B.A. , Okonji R.E.
Published: June 2020

Insecticidal activities of hexane extracts of leaves and roots of siam weed and vetiver, and roots of neem were assessed against house fly, Musca domestica L. Mortality test was conducted using serial concentrations 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of extracted oils while behavioural orientation of house fly to oil odour, antioviposition effect of oil toward the insects, biochemical reactions in treated flies and fitness of offspring were determined using 20% oil concentration. House fly mortality varied significantly with plant species and part of plant extracted (P < 0.001), concentration applied (P < 0.001) and time post-exposure (P < 0.001). All tested plant extracts showed potential as good control agents with average mortality ranging from 59-74%. However, significantly lower median lethal values (LC50 and LT50) separated vetiver as the most toxic plant against the insect pest. The plant oils repelled house flies (93-100%), reduced the number of larvae that hatched from laid eggs, lowered adult emergence and caused a significant reduction in size and weight of offspring. On the contrary, exposure to plant oils did not alter offspring sex ratio. In comparison to untreated house flies, plant oils induced biochemical stress in poisoned cohorts as evidenced in significant deviation of digestive enzyme (α- and β- amylases, lipase) activity and concentrations of detoxifying enzyme (glutathione-Stransferase), neurochemical enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and energy metabolism biomolecules (total protein). Implications of obtained results for non-chemical control strategies are discussed.
Growth and Yield of Two Maize Varieties under the Influence of Plant Density and NPK fertilization
Authors: Kareem I. , Taiwo O.S. , Kareem S.A. , Oladosu Y. , Eifediyi E.K. , Abdulmaliq S.Y. , Alasinrin S.Y. , Adekola O.F. , Olalekan K.
Published: June 2020

This study assessed growth and yield performances of maize under the influence of inorganic fertilizer, population density and variety using the following treatments: maize varieties DMR-ESR-Y and Suwan- 1-SR; 70 × 30cm and 100 × 40cm plant spacing; 0, 60 and 120 kg NPK/ha . Data were collected on number of leaves per plant, plant height, ear height, leaf area, leaf area index, days to 50% flowering, days to tassel and silk appearances, stem dry mass, root dry mass, cob mass, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per cob, harvest index, treatment yield per hectare. The result showed that combination of 120kgN/ha, DMR-ESR-Y and 47, 619 plants/ha improved root, shoot, leaf sheath and plant dry masses, cob length, cob diameter, shelling percentage, moisture content at harvest, harvest index, number of cobs per plant as well as number of kernels per row. It is, therefore, recommended that combination of 120kgNPK/ha, DMR-ESR-Y and 47,619 plants/ha should be used for better maize production to cater for the ever increasing population of consumers in Southern Guinea savannah agroecological zone of Nigeria and other area with the same climatic and edaphic conditions.

Keywords: NPK fertilizer, population density, maize variety, yield improvement
High Terrestrial Radiation Level in an Active Tin-Mine at Jos South, Nigeria
Authors: Atipo M. , Olarinoye O. , Awojoyogbe B. , Kolo M.
Published: June 2020

Mineral mining and milling can be a source of national economic and technological development. However, mining of minerals has been confirmed to disturb the natural distribution of radioisotopes in the soil, air and water bodies in the biota. In an attempt to evaluate the radiological burden resulting from tin mining activities at Rayfield-Du area of Jos, the background gamma-radiation level in the mine was measured via a well calibratedhand-held dosimeter placed at 1 m above ground level. The mean absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risk for the mine was 0.83 μSvh-1; 1.44 mSv-1 and 0.005 respectively. Generally, dose rates were higher in the mine pits and processing areas as compared to administrative areas of the mine. The mean measured dose rate and calculated dose parameters for the mine were all high when compared to the regulatory limit for public exposure. The potential of developing radiation-induced health defects as a result of high radiation absorbed dose rate by the miners and dwellers around the mine is highly probable. 

Keywords: Gamma-radiation; mine; absorbed dose rate; radiation exposure.
Effect of Tamsulosin Use on Plasma Insulin Status in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Dikko M , Bello S.O. , Chika A. , Mungadi I.A. , Sarkingobir Y. , Umar A.I.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of tamsulosin use on plasma insulin status in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients in Sokoto, Nigeria. Standard methods and procedures were used. At 2nd and 3rd months of tamsulosin use, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma insulin values compared to baseline. Likewise, at 4th month of tamsulosin use, a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma insulin values was revealed compared to baseline and 2nd month values. Other inter-mean values comparisons were not significantly different (P>0.05). Plasma insulin at 4th months of the study in BPH patients (45-54 years) treated with tamsulosin revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to baseline values. Other inter-mean values comparisons were not significantly different (P>0.05). BPH patients (aged 55-64 years) at 3rd month showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma insulin values compared to baseline values. Likewise, at 4th month of tamsulosin use, a significant increase  (P<0.05) in plasma insulin values was seen compared to baseline and 1st month values. Other inter-mean values comparisons were not significantly different (P>0.05). In BPH patients aged 65 and above, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in plasma insulin values from 1st through 4th month compared to baseline and other inter mean values comparisons. Plasma insulin at 0th , 1st , 2nd , 3rd and 4th months of BPH patients of different age groups treated with tamsulosin revealed no significant differences (P>0.05). This study revealed that tamsulosin use in the patients lead to significant increase in plasma insulin level (hyperinsulinemia). Careful and routine monitoring of BPH patients should be done. Patients need enough exercise activities and some drugs can be administered to alleviate elevated glucose or insulin.

Keywords: Tamsulosin, hyperinsulinemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, insulin resistance
Comparative Studies on the Proximate Composition of the Various Body Part of Clarias gariepinus and Scomber scomrus
Authors: Ogbe K.U. , Omada O.I.
Published: June 2020

Study on the proximate a composition of flesh and other body parts of Clarias gariepinus and scomber scombrus was carried out in January, 2020  using standard procedures. For Clarias gariepinus the highest protein (25.69%) was observed in the head, followed by flesh (21.70%) and while the  lowest protein (18.61%) was discovered in the bone. Highest fats (3.61%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (2.25) while (0.80%) recorded in the fins as the lowest fats. In fibre the highest (1.87%) was observed in head followed by (1.72) in the bone. The lowest fibre (0.60%) was reported in the flesh. The highest ash (22.03%) was recorded in fins, followed by bone (19.83%) while the lowest (1.30%) was discovered in the flesh. The highest moisture (75.76%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by fins (73.23) while the lowest (56.48%) was observed in the head. For scomber scombrusthe highest protein (29.44%) was observed in the head, followed by bone (28.40%) and while the lowest protein (24.30%) was discovered in the flesh. Highest fats (6.42%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (1.48%) while (0.95%) recorded in the bone as the lowest fats. In fibre the highest (1.11%) was observed in fin followed by (0.69%) in the flesh. The lowest fibre (0.59%) was reported in the head. The highest ash (6.37%) was  recorded in  head, followed by bone (5.07%) while the lowest (0.33%) was discovered in the flesh .The highest moisture (68.68%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (66.56%) while the lowest (37.20%) was observed in the fin. .The highest carbohydrate (5.58%) was recorded in the bone, followed by fin (5.28%). The study showed that the best body parts in terms protein content of the two fish samples were the head. The Head has the highest crude protein content thus it can be recommended as a possible effective ways to solve protein malnutrition

Keywords: proximate, Scomber scombrus, Clarias gariepinus, head, flesh, fins, bones
Mitigating Impact of Soil Salinization on Growth, Yield and Fruit Nutritional Quality of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Okra) Using Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungus (<i.Glomus clarum)
Authors: Kekere O. , Ayesa T.O. , Akinbuwa O.
Published: June 2020

Soil salinity is a severe environmental stress that limits crop growth and productivity. Mycorrhizal fungi association has the potential to minimize environmental stress like soil salinization in some plant species. Hence, an experiment was conducted to examine the potential of an Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus clarum, to reduce salt stress in Abelmoschus esculentus L. (okra). Seedlings of A. esculentus were raised in perforatedplastic pots filled with 3 kg top soil; treated with 0 (control), 35, 70, 140, 280 or 560 mM NaCl solution; and grouped into two. Each pot in the first group was inoculated with 20 g of AM spawn while pots in the second group were not inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated 5 times. Growth parameters in plants without AM including plant height, stem girth, leaf area and number of leaves decreased significantly with increasing salt concentration compared to the control. Salinity also reduced the growth parameters in plants with AM but did not differ significantly from the control. Fresh and dry weight of plant parts, total biomass, number of fruits, fruit fresh and dry weights as well as leaf total chlorophyll were reduced by salinity, but significant differences were recorded only in plants without inoculation with AM. Salinity with or without AM did not significantly affect fruit nutritional and proximate composition of A. esculentusnexcept Na+ that increased with increasing soil salinity. Inoculation of saline sites with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus clarum, could serve as a sustainable and environmentally safe treatment to enhance salinity tolerance in okra for improved productivity.

Keywords: Salt stress, arbuscular mycorrhiza, okra, productivity
Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbambo M.M.
Published: June 2020

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was  standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used.

Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures
Chemical Speciation of some Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media [SFM] Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Nigeria
Authors: Ikoko I.L. , Osu C.I. , Horsfall M.
Published: June 2020

The chemical speciation of five heavy metals [HMs] in spent sand-filter-media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated with a view to ascertain their distribution and chemical availability of the heavy metals in the dumpsite. Samples were collected at the surface, 100cm depth of the dumpsite and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using FAAS for total concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb. Speciation analysis was carried out usingmodified Tessier’s sequential extraction method. The percentage concentrations showed that Pb occurred more at the exchangeable fraction with 90.6% at the top, 91.34% at 100cm depth. This signifies that Pb is biochemically available for in-take by living organisms. Fe had the highest concentration by mass 12mg/g but its occurrence of between 22- 28% is in the residual/inert fraction. Ni had 40% in the exchangeable and  carbonate fractions at the surface and at 100cm depth. Cr had highest exchangeable fraction of 46.29% and 45.59% at the surface and 100cm depth of the SFM. Mn had 37.30% and 42.26% at the surface and at 100cm depth of the SFM. Although Fe had highest concentration by mass, it is least biochemically available occurring more at the residual/inert fraction while the other four metals [Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn] are all biochemically available for intake by organisms and may enhance biochemical accumulation overtime and finally become harmful to living organisms around that dumpsite.

Keywords: Speciation, Heavy metals, Sand Filter Media, Waste Dumpsite
Major Ion Chemistry and Groundwater Quality Evaluation for Irrigation
Authors: Shyamala G. , Ramesh S. , Saravanakumar N.
Published: June 2020

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Groundwater analyzed in the study area of Coimbatore district by collecting 60 samples from agricultural belt. Groundwater quality for irrigation is determined by several key factors like pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TDS). The cations such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+ ) and anions are Hydrocarbon (HCO3), Carbonate (CO3 -), Chlorides (Cl-)and Sulphates (SO4 2-) are tested. The irrigation water quality parameters such as Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Chloro Alkali Indices (CA I & CAII), Kelley’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Percent sodium (%Na) and Permeability Index (PI), Soluble sodium Percent (SSP) are computed from the key factors, anions and cations. From the USSL Diagram the samples fall in C2S1, C3S1, C4S1 range. Salinity hazard is too elevated in the study area, all the samples are categorized under high to very high with the values greater than 750 μS/cm. Total dissolved solid in the study area indicated that only 2 locations are unfit for irrigation. SAR and % Na shows that there is no hazard related to irrigation watering. Magnesium hazard in the groundwater is high and indicates 51 sample out of 60 is unsuitable for irrigation. From the study it indicates the groundwater is contaminated with salt content and in most of the area it can be used for irrigation.

Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation water quality, Salinity hazard, Kelley’s ratio, Magnesium hazard
Evaluation of Different Rainfall-based Drought Indices Detection of Meteorological Drought Events in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwezuo C.S. , Madu J.C.
Published: June 2020

Drought Indices are extensively adopted as a drought detection and monitoring tool in all climatic regions. This study assesses and compares the performance of four rainfall based drought indices, Deciles index (DI), Percent of Normal Index (PNI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Z-score Index (ZSI) in detection and classification of drought events in Imo state , a humid environment of Nigeria from (1982 to 2016). The resultshows that droughts do occur in humid climatic region of Nigeria. The various indices differ in their detection and classification of drought events in the study area. However, they classified 2007 and 2008 as the year with the most severe drought event in the state. There is high correlation (r > 0.70) among the four indices, with ZSI and PNI showing the highest relationship to SPI (r= 0.97). The differences observed among the drought indices in detecting drought events in the study area can be reduced by using multiple drought indices in addition to the use of SPI in drought assessments especially in Nigeria since technological advancement in drought monitoring software’s has made it easier. Also it is worthwhile to research on why drought detection varies with indices.

Keywords: Drought assessment, Rainfall-based drought indices, humid environment, Imo state, Nigeria.
Macro- and Micro-morphological, Anatomical, Cytological and Phytochemical Properties of Tridax procumbens Linn. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wuhua C. , Pepple I.I.
Published: June 2020

This study examined the macro- and micro-morphological, Anatomical, Cytological and Phytochemical Properties of Tridax procumbens L. in the family Asteraceae. Observations of plant parts aided by measurements were done and these were sectioned following Wahua’s method; root tips squashed with FLP Orcein and qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out. The slides were viewed using the light compound microscope and photomicrographs were taken after careful examination from good preparations. Macromorphological studies showed the plant grows up to 40cm or more in height. Foliar features revealed opposite, pinnate, oblong to ovate with coarsely serrated margin and acute apex, 4±1.5cm long and 2±1cm wide with petiole up to 1.5±0.5cm in length. The floral structure show cased diameter of each flower head as 1.0±0.4cm while the peduncle is elongated and up to 10±5cm in length; the petal is 0.7±0.2cm in length alongside tubular sepals up to 0.9±0.3cm in length. The stamen is 0.9±0.2cm in length while the carpel is 1.0±0.1cm. Presence of anomocytic stomata which is amphistomatic. Anatomical sections on the mid-ribs, petiole, internodes, nodes and roots revealed peculiar internal features. Mitotic chromosome is 2n=36. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, phenols. The information generated from this study would further aid in the delimitation of the species.

Keywords: Tridax procumbens, Morphology, anatomy, cytology, palynology, phytochemistry
Understanding the Internal Variability of Mudstones: Dark Mudstone of the Campano- Maastrichtian Mamu Formation as Case Study
Authors: Edegbai A.J. , Emofurieta W.O.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research work was to investigate approximately 6m of Campano-Maastrichtian dark mudstone outcropping at Uzebba, Benin Flank, SW Anambra Basin using sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, and palynofacies techniques. Our findings show that the mudstone succession can be subdivided into 3-broad units from bottom to top. Unit 1 is characterized by weak to moderate bioturbation, high quartz content (≥50 %) as well as grained dominated microfabric with planar to wavy laminations. Unit 2 has the lowest particle size, zero to mild bioturbation, low quartz content as well as matrix dominated microfabric with thin to indistinct laminations, which are mostly planar. Unit 3 show intermediate particle size, weak to moderate bioturbation, moderate quartz content as well as grain dominated microfabric with much thicker laminations than units 1and 2 that vary from wavy to curved. Geochemical and palynofacies proxies for detrital influx and paleoproductivity are congruent. They show that units 1 and 3 received significant detrital contribution as well as high terrestrial paleoproductivity under low relative sea level, which promoted the development of good petrophysical and geomechanical properties suitable for gas shale development. Conversely, Unit 2 received less  significant detrital contribution as well as increased marine paleoproductivity under higher relative sea level.

Keywords: Detrital influx, paleoproductivity, unconventional reservoirs, Benin flank
Development of Life Span Forecasting Model for KHS DMG-VF84 Bottling Line System
Authors: Ekeoma C.G. , Aririguzo J.C. , Nwadinobi C.P. , Nwankwojike B.N.
Published: June 2020

A quadratic model was developed in this study to predict equipment life span for a preventive maintenance planning of KHS DMG-VF84 bottling line system. This life span forecasting model for KHS DMGVF84 bottling line system predict equipment life span at an instant of time. The six key predictors that were significant in the developed model are: Availability (A), Reliability (R), Mean time to Repair (T), Failure rate (F), Operational time (O) and Mean time before failure (B). The model utilized the polynomial method to predict the end of life of the bottling line system. The test data showed that the mean absolute percentage error for this model is 7.5% and has the ability to predict life span of the bottling line system with a good degree of accuracy of 79.65% with ± 0.20% error and the coefficients of determination R2 for the developed model is 0.7965. This indicates that the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables of the developed model is good and the predicted values from a forecast model fit with the real-life data as well. Therefore, maintenance professionals should adopt this model for accurate estimates, to enable good detection of possible failures in production machineries.
Nanotechnology: Review on Emerging Techniques in Remediating Water and Soil Pollutions
Authors: Yarima A. , Ali R. , Abdullahi A.A. , Idris Z.
Published: June 2020

Environmental Pollution is becoming a global challenge in both developing and the developed countries, pollutants discharge from oil and gas industries and or agricultural practices continue effecting the health of human and other animal in an ecosystem in one way or the other. This necessitated the development of a techniques to clean up of the polluted environment. Remediation of pollutants relies mainly on using varioustechniques like physical, chemical and or biological methods for the removal of contaminants from different environmental media be it soil, water, and or air. These techniques have their own limitations as the toxicity of the degrading agents, time consuming and the fate of the environment after remediation matters a lot. Therefore, nanotechnology is gaining interest in remediating pollutions as nanoparticles are relatively cost effective, sensitive and selective and can be used as sensors to monitor toxins, organic contaminants and heavy metals in land, water and or air. The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology-based materials makes them suitable for nano remediation. This review provides an overview of the nanomaterials: Organic based nanomaterials (Dendrimers), inorganic (TiO2, nZVI), carbon-based (Carbon nanotubes, (CNTs)), and composite-based materials) used in environmental remediation. These nanomaterials were reported to remediate different contaminants in theenvironment such as heavy metals, pathogens, pesticides, dyes, chlorinated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, Nano remediation, pollutions and environments.
Validation of an optical, computer-assisted technique for intraoperative tracking of 3-dimensional canine stifle joint motion
Authors: Signorelli Cecilia , Cinti Filippo , Zaffagnini Stefano , Pisoni Luciano , Lopomo Nicola Francesco
Published: June 2020

Background: Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is the most common orthopedic pathology in dog and in men. In human, optical computer-assisted technique is considered as a repeatable and reliable method for the biomechanical assessment of joint kinematics and laxity in case of CCL surgery.Aim: To evaluate the repeatability and reliability afforded by clinical tests in terms of laxity measured by means of a computer-assisted tracking system in two canine CCL conditions: CCL-Intact, CCL-Deficient. Methods: Fourteen fresh frozen canine stifles were passively subjected to Internal/External (IE) rotation at 120° of flexion and Cranial drawer test (CC). To quantify the repeatability and the reliability, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the mean percent error were evaluated (Δ r %).Results: The study showed a very good intra-class correlation, before and after CCL resection for kinematics tests. It was found a minimum ICC = 0.73 during the IE rotation in CCL-Intact and a maximum value of ICC = 0.97 for the CC displacement in CC-Deficient. IE rotation with CCL-Intact is the condition with the greatest Δ r % = 14%, while the lowest Δ r % = 6% was obtained for CC displacement in CCL-Deficient.Conclusion: The presented work underlined the possibility of using a computer-assisted method also for biomechanical studies concerning stifle kinematics and laxity.

Keywords: Computer-assisted technique, Cranial cruciate ligament, Dog, Stifle joint.
Attribution of cyber operations: an international law perspective on the Park Jin Hyok case
Authors: Mikanagi Tomohiro , Mačák Kubo
Published: June 2020

States are increasingly willing to publicly attribute hostile cyber operations to other States. Sooner or later, such claims will be tested before an international tribunal against the applicable international law. When that happens, clear guidance will be needed on the methodological, procedural and substantive aspects of attribution of cyber operations from the perspective of international law. This article examines a recent high-profile case brought by the United States authorities against Mr Park Jin Hyok, an alleged North Korean hacker, to provide such analysis. The article begins by introducing the case against Mr Park and the key aspects of the evidence adduced against him. It then considers whether the publicly available evidence, assuming its accuracy, would in principle suffice to attribute the alleged conduct to North Korea. In the next step, this evidence is analysed from the perspective of the international jurisprudence on the standard of proof and on the probative value of indirect or circumstantial evidence. This analysis reveals the need for objective impartial assessment of the available evidence and the article thus continues by considering possible international attribution mechanisms. Before concluding, the article considers whether the principle of due diligence may provide an alternative pathway to international responsibility, thus mitigating the deficiencies of the existing attribution law. The final section then highlights the overarching lessons learned from the Park case for the attribution of cyber operations under international law, focusing particularly on States' potential to make cyberspace a more stable and secure domain through the interpretation and development of the law in this area.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSERTION, REASON, EVIDENCE AND LINK BACK (AREL) IN TEACHING SPEAKING
Authors: Sri Wahyuni  , Mulyadi Syahputra  , Defi Irmayanti
Published: June 2020

This study analyses the students’ perceptions about the use of Assertion, Reason, Evidence and Link Back in teaching speaking. The population of this research was second grade students of SMAN 4 Banda Aceh which consist of 250 students and only 32 students at class XI IA 2 took as the sample of this research. The instruments of this research was questionnaire. This study was applied qualitative analysis by using percentage formula. The result of this study shows that the students’ perception performance got a positive impact after learning A.R.E.L. Thus, the students have been motivated to speak in front of class and A.R.E.L effect students’ speaking understanding in giving their argument.
ANALYSIS OF READING COMPREHENSION FINAL TEST AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH ACEH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Rahmatun Nisa  , Cut Mawar Helmanda
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is not only  to analyze the model and the items test set by lecturer of  Reading Comprehension subject but also the ability of students according to the item questions of each final test. This study analyzes the contents taken from the document test and it used descriptive quantitative approach. The gained data derived from three Reading subjects, they are: Intensive Reading Comprehension, Reading Comprehension III dan Academic Reading. The total number of the items from those three subjects is 60 items. The findings revealed that the kind of questions asked by lecturers varied, namely; Multiple Choice, Open-ended Question, Word Matching, and True and False. Based on the those documents the writer found that 6 questions about Main Idea, 16 questions about Vocabulary, 4 about references, 6 questions about inference and 28 questions about details. Then, the results of students' reading ability in answering the items were; main idea:  ​​63.59%, Detail: 76, 92%, Inference: 44,04,  Reference ; 86, 89% and Vocabulary : 73,45 %. From the five aspects students were better to answer questions in the Reference item. The implication of this research is to provide input to examiners and lecturers in giving material and in testing students at the end of the semester and to improve the ability to make test items.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN MASTERING READING TEXT OF MUHAMMADIYAH ACEH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Siti Safura  , Cut Mawar Helmanda
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is at examining how well the students’ ability in mastering the text and the main idea, and how they could improve their ability in understanding the text especially to find out the main idea from the text. The object of this study was 10 students from semester I in Intensive Reading Comprehension class. The data was obtained from the result of students’ worksheets and questionnaires distribution. In finding out the result, The data was analyzed by using descriptive qualitative. The result shows that the students’ ability in mastering reading text was categorized in poor level of understanding main idea. Besides, the result of questionnaire indicated that the main problem in reading lesson is that the methods used and the class situation. Therefore, the students do self motivation to enrich and memorize new vocabularies as an effort in improving their reading understanding. The implication of this study is to give the input to the lecturer of Reading subject to apply the appropriate method and technique, and create a nice class environtment.
THE LECTURERS’ EXPERIENCES ON STUDENTS’ THESIS SUPERVISION
Authors: Rahmi Fhonna
Published: June 2020

Many articles regarding thesis assessment and its problems have been published for years. The dynamic of the relationship between the lecturers and their students are highly concerned. This paper, in addition, aims at investigating the lecturers’ experiences while supervising the thesis of students. 5 (five) lecturers from English Department of UIN Ar-Raniry were chosen randomly as the participants for this study. To collect the data, an open-ended interview was designed as an instrument to offer 6 (six) questions to be answered by the participants. The result of the interview showed that different strategies were applied by the participants during the supervision process. Arranging specific time of supervising was employed by each participant in order to discuss more details the thesis written. Students’ writing skill, in this case, was one of the issues highlighted that required specific handling. The result also identified the way of the participants deal with the problems arose; for instance, providing extra time of supervision for the students, asking the students to have peer-reviewed session to proof-read the thesis, and many other strategies. During the consultation period of the thesis, the lecturers believed that they built good communication and relationship with their students, which is very important as the encouragement for the students in completing their theses.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GEOMETRIC SKETCPAD
Authors: Dazrullisa  , T. Chairul Mahdi
Published: June 2020

The lack of understanding of students 'mathematical concepts in solving mathematical problems, caused by teachers who teach with learning models that are less conditioned to the abilities of their students, this does not provide an opportunity for students to channel their ideas or ideas so that students' understanding of mathematical concepts is still low. The sample in this study was only two classes. Data were processed using the t-test statistical formula at a significant level = 0.05. After the data is processed using t-test so that t-count = 5.5 and t-table = 1.681 are obtained. So t_count> t_table is 5.5> 1.681 then H_0 is rejected and acceptance of H_a occurs. Thus the hypothesis in this study states that the mathematical concepts of students taught using discovery learning models are better than those taught without using discovery learning models using sketcpad geometric software. Data were processed using the t-test statistical formula at a significant level = 0.05. After the data is processed using t-test so that t-count = 5.5 and t-table = 1.681 are obtained. So t_count> t_table is 5.5> 1.681 then H0 is rejected and acceptance of Ha occurs.

Abstrak

Kurangnya pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika, disebabkan oleh guru yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran yang kurang dikondisikan dengan kemampuan siswa mereka, ini tidak memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk menyalurkan ide atau ide mereka sehingga siswa Pemahaman konsep matematika masih rendah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini hanya dua kelas. Data diolah menggunakan rumus statistik uji-t pada tingkat signifikan = 0,05. Setelah data diproses menggunakan uji-t sehingga t-hitung = 5,5 dan t-tabel = 1,681 diperoleh. Jadi t_count> t_table adalah 5.5> 1.681 maka H_0 ditolak dan penerimaan H_a terjadi. Dengan demikian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa konsep matematika yang diajarkan siswa menggunakan model discovery learning lebih baik daripada yang diajarkan tanpa menggunakan model discovery learning menggunakan perangkat lunak geometris sketcpad. Data diolah menggunakan rumus statistik uji-t pada tingkat signifikan = 0,05. Setelah data diproses menggunakan uji-t sehingga t-hitung = 5,5 dan t-tabel = 1,681 diperoleh. Jadi t_count> t_table adalah 5.5> 1.681 maka H0 ditolak dan penerimaan Ha terjadi.

Kata Kunci: Discovery Learnig, Pemahaman Konsep Matematis, Geometri Sketcpad
CAPAIAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MODEL AIR
Authors: Nuralam Nuralam , Maulidayani Maulidayani
Published: June 2020

The mathematical concept learned in school require mathematical reasoning abilities. But the test results show the students’ mathematical reasoning ability is still relatively low. To overcome this problem, applied a learning model called Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR). AIR can develop mathematical reasoning abilities students through problem solving. The purpose of this study is to describe the mathematical reasoning abilty of students through the AIR learning model is higher than taught through conventional learning models.. The research design used was quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The populations in this study were all of the Eighth Grade Students of SMPN 1 Jantho and the samples taken were classes VIII-2 and VIII-1 by using the random cluster technique sampling. The data collected wasby using the mathematical reasoning ability test. The result of research through the right-hand t-test statistic test obtained 3.79 > 1.68 then accept Ha reject Ho. Therefore, it was concluded that the students’ mathematical reasoning ability learned through the AIR learning model were higher than those taught conventional learning models.

Abstrak

Konsep matematika dipelajari di sekolah memerlukan kemampuan penalaran matematis. Namun hasil tes menunjukkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa masih tergolong rendah. Salah satu alternatif membuat kemampuan penalaran matematis lebih baik melalui model pembelajaran Auditory Intelectually Repetition (AIR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model AIR lebih baik daripada siswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest control grup design. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Kota Jantho dan sampelnya kelas VIII-2 dan VIII-1 dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data yangdikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Hasil penelitian melalui uji statistik uji-t pihak kanan diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 3,79 > 1,68 maka Ha tolak Ho. Disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model AIR lebih baik daripada yang diajarkan denganpembelajaran konvensional.

 

Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran,  Model Air, Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis
EVALUASI NILAI – NILAI GERAK DAN LAGU DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS SISWA SMA NEGERI 9 KOTA BANDA
Authors: Zikrur Rahmat  , Irfandi
Published: June 2020

The problem so far is where there is still no increase in fine motor skills of SMA Negeri 9 Banda Aceh City students. Through the use of the method of motion and song, it is assumed that the fine motor skills of SMA Negeri 9 Banda Aceh City students, in the 2019/2020 school year, then at the end of the second cycle it is known that there has been an increase in class average of 34.66%, ie from the average test initial conditions 60 to 75. While the level of completeness of student learning at the end of the second cycle has reached 92% with a percent increase from cycle I of 34.61% compared to pre-cycle which only reached 34.13%. Non-test observations also showed that student activity increased more in cycle I and cycle II when compared to pre cycle. Thus most of the students of class XI-1 of SMA Negeri 9 Banda Aceh City have experienced an increase in learning outcomes in physical education material that is improving fine motor skills of SMA Negeri 9 Banda Aceh City, Academic Year 2019/2020.

Abstrak

Permasalahan selama ini adalah dimana masih belum meningkatnya kemampuan motorik halus siswa SMA Negeri 9 Kota Banda Aceh. Melalui penggunaan metode gerak dan lagu dianggap dapat kemampuan motorik halus siswa SMA Negeri 9 Kota Banda Aceh, tahun ajaran 2019/2020, kemudian pada tahap akhir  siklus II diketahui telah terjadi peningkatan rata-rata kelas 34,66 %, yaitu dari rata- rata tes kondisi awal 60 menjadi  75. Sedangkan tingkat ketuntasan belajar siswa pada akhir siklus II telah mencapai 92% dengan persen peningkatan dari siklus I sebesar 34,61%  dibandingkan  dengan pra siklus yang hanya mencapai 34,13%. Hasil pengamatan  non tes juga menunjukkan aktivitas siswa lebih meningkat pada siklus I dan siklus II jika dibandingkan dengan pra siklus. Dengan demikian  sebagian besar siswa kelas XI-1 SMA Negeri 9 Kota Banda Aceh telah mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar pada materi pendidikan jasmani yaitu meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus siswa SMA Negeri 9 Kota Banda Aceh, Tahun Ajaran 2019/ 2020.

Kata Kunci:    Kemampuan Motorik Halus, Gerak Dan Lagu
LATIHAN FARTLEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN VO2 MAX PEMAIN FUTSAL BBG
Authors: Didi Yudha Pranata
Published: June 2020

Futsal is a sport that requires the players to have a very good physical condition, this is because the intensity of movement is very high in the game. STKIP BBG futsal club is a futsal club that often participates in local competitions. When the team played, the STKIP BBG futsal players / athletes in the first 20 minutes of the first round were very good, but in the second half the last 10 minutes, the players' forfema greatly decreased. Based on these problems, the researchers wanted to provide a solution through fartlek training in improving VO2 Max BBG futsal players. The purpose of this research is to find out whether fartlek training can improve VO2 Max BBG futsal players. This study uses an experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were 8 people and the sampling technique used total sampling techniques, so that the sample of this study was 8 athletes. Based on the results of the study there is the effect of fartlek training in improving VO2 Max futsal BBG players. this is indicated by the value of tcount greater than ttable, that is tcount 3.33> ttable 1.94. The conclusion in this study is that fartlek training can improve VO2 Max BBG futsal players, this is because fartlek training has a component of activities that maximizes movement such as walking, jogging and sprinting, where this movement is the dominant movement in playing futsal.

Abstrak

Futsal merupakan olahraga yang menuntut para pemainnya untuk memiliki kondisi fisik yang sangat baik, hal ini dikarenakan intensistas gerak yang sangat tinggi dalam permainanya.Klub futsal STKIP BBG merupakan klub futsal yang sering mengikuti kompetisi lokal. Pada saat tim bermain, para pemain/atlet futsal STKIP BBG pada 20 menit awal babak pertama forfemanya sangat baik, namun pada babak kedua 10 menit terakhir, forfema para pemain sangat menurun. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka peneliti ingin memberi solusi melalui latihan fartlek dalam meningkatkan VO2 Max pemain futsal BBG.Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah latihan fartlek dapat meningkatkan VO2 Max pemain futsal BBG.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain one grup pretest-posttest.Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 orang dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling, sehingga sampel penelitian ini yaitu 8 orang atlet. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh latihan fartlek dalam meningkatkan VO2 Max pemain futsal BBG .hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai thitung lebih besar daripada ttabelyaitu nilai thitung 3,33 > ttabel 1,94. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu latihan fartlek dapat meningkatkan VO2 Max pemain futsal BBG, hal ini dikarenakan latihan fartlek yang memiliki komponen kegiatan yang memaksimalkan gerakan seperti jalan, jogging dan sprint, dimana gerakkan ini meruapakn gerakkan dominan dalam bermain futsal.

Kata Kunci : Fartlek, VO2 Max, Futsal
Minority Student Preparation for STEM PhD Study: Impact of NSF Bridge to the Doctorate Programming
Authors: Preuss Michael D. , Merriweather Samuel P. , Walton Shannon D. , Butler-Purry Karen L.
Published: June 2020

The Texas A&M University System (TAMUS) received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for a Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) project in 1991 as one of the six initial awardees. As part of these efforts and upon reaching eligibility, the TAMUS LSAMP applied for and received additional funding to support a Bridge to the Doctorate (BTD) program. BTD programming provides financial, educational, and social support to incoming STEM master’s degree and PhD students for the first two years of their graduate study. BTD cohorts consist of up to 12 fellows who participate in a program of academic and professional development seminars and workshops. In project evaluation, annual interviews were conducted with the TAMUS BTD participants, the vast majority of whom were underrepresented minorities (92%). During the interviews, the BTD students were asked to discuss ten topics some of which addressed concerns specific to the implementation of the BTD project. This report considers answers provided in the five topic areas which have broader applicability: 1) the learning achieved by participants through participation in BTD, 2) the personal impact of participation in BTD, 3) the influence of BTD on informants’ educational goals, 4) the influence of BTD on informants’ career goals, and 5) barriers the BTD participants perceived to pursuing a PhD. Eighty project participants responded to the questions between 2009 and 2018. They were from eight distinct cohorts of BTD students and represented 32 different areas of STEM specialization. Qualitative analysis of their responses confirmed that students perceived the elements of the TAMUS BTD project to be efficacious and that there was a set of nine seminars from which participants consistently reported benefit. Additional findings were eight key areas in which learning was reported by participants, four areas in which the programming  had personal impact, five influences on educational goals,  nine impacts on career goals, and a detailed list of barriers graduate students who are underrepresented minorities (URM) perceive to pursuing a doctoral degree. The proven and easily replicated pattern of support programming, the demonstrated results of this programming, and insight into barriers URMs perceive to pursuing a STEM doctorate are immediately applicable to URM graduate student support at many institutions of higher education.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan UED-SP Terhadap Efektivitas Usaha Masyarakat Desa Pada Bidang Pertanian Kecamatan Bantan
Authors: Mahalizikri Irawan Fakhrudin , Tantiana Nelly Agus
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine how much influence the funding of UED-SP on the efforts of rural communities in agriculture in the District of Bantan. The type of data from this research is quantitative using primary and secondary data. The population in this research were all customers who borrowed UED-SP in agriculture in the District of Bantan, amounting to 261 people, while the sample taken was as many as 158 people. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. The results of this research are that there is a significant influence between the funding of UED-SP on the effectiveness of rural communities in the agriculture sector of Bantan District, with a percentage value of 54.4%.