bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLATER, PESANTREN DAN PENDIDIKAN FORMAL
Authors: Usman Usman
Published: April 2019

Dalam struktur sosial masyarakat Madura terdapat beberapa golongan, diantaranya ulama atau kyai, pemerintah, blater dan masyarakat umum. Dalam konteks realitas masyarakat bawah, kyai dan blater adalah dua sosok manusia yang mempunyai peran penting sesuai dengan kapasitasnya. Kyai selalu mendapingi masyarakat dalam konteks keagamaan, sedangkan blater mendampingi masyarakat dalam konteks keamanan, komunikasi dan pemerintahan di desa. Di satu sisi blater dipersepsikan sebagai komunitas negatif, namun disisi lain dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat desa dan menge-nyampingkan pendidikan. Seiring perkembangan zaman, kini blater sangat peduli dengan pendidikan baik pesantren dan pendidikan formal. Kajian ini untuk memahami sejauh pandangan blater tentang pesantren dan pendidikan formal di Madura
Pengembangan Modul Fisika STEM Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal “Beduk” untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP
Authors: Almuharomah Farida Amrul , Mayasari Tantri , Kurniadi Erawan
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul fisika STEM terintegrasi kearifan lokal “Beduk” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Kecamatan Balong dengan melibatkan 38 siswa kelas VIII. Data kemampuan berpikir kreatif diukur  melalui tes dan observasi. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui kelayakan modul berdasarkan validasi ahli dan respon siswa. Hasil menunjukkan modul layak digunakan berdasarkan validasi ahli dengan kategori sangat layak dan didukung respon siswa dengan kategori baik. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa meningkat dengan N-gain sebesar 0,92 dengan kategori tinggi. Modul Fisika STEM terintegrasi kearifan lokal “beduk” untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif ini layak digunakan sebagai pendamping buku paket di sekolah. Abstract: This study aims to develop a STEM physics module integrated with "Beduk" local wisdom to improve junior high school students' creative thinking skills. The research design used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The research was conducted in the SMPN 2 Balong involving 38 class students VIII. The creative thinking ability were measured through tests and observations. The questionnaire was used to determine the feasibility of the module based on expert validation and student responses. The results show that the module is feasible to use based on expert validation, with very feasible categories and supported by students' responses in good categories. Students' creative thinking ability increases with N-gain of 0.92 with a high category. The STEM physics module integrates "beduk" local wisdom to improve creative thinking skills worthy of being used as a companion to school textbooks.
Pengembangan Alat Peraga Pada Materi Tekanan untuk Siswa SMP dalam Melatihkan Keterampilan Proses Sains
Authors: Dewi Ayu Rusmala , Wati Mustika , Mastuang Mastuang
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Media pembelajaran berupa alat peraga yang belum digunakan secara maksimal dan belum terintegrasi secara keseluruhan dengan beberapa fungsi percobaan yang dikemas secara rapi menjadi satu. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dan pengembangan alat peraga tekanan untuk melatih keterampilan proses sains siswa. Penelitian ditujukan untuk menghasilkan alat peraga tekanan dan mendeksripsikan kelayakan yang meliputi: 1) validitas alat peraga dilihat dari penilaian validator, 2) kepraktisan alat peraga dilihat dari respon siswa, 3) efektivitas alat peraga dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa pada aspek pengetahuan, dan 4) pencapaian keterampilan proses sains siswa dengan menggunakan lembar kerja siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) dengan subjek uji coba pada 32 siswa kelas VIII-D SMP Negeri 11 Banjarmasin. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) validitas alat peraga termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid dengan skor 4.44, 2) kepraktisan alat peraga termasuk dalam kategori praktis dengan skor 76.6, 3) efektivitas alat peraga termasuk  kategori sangat efektif dengan N-Gain 0.71, dan 4) pencapaian keterampilan proses sains siswa termasuk kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata 85.79. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga layak digunakan untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP kelas VIII. Abstract: Props that have not been used optimally and have not been fully integrated with several experimental functions that are neatly packaged together. Therefore research and development of pressure props are carried out to train students' science process skills. The research is aimed at producing of pressure props and describing feasibility which includes: 1) the validity of the props viewed from the validator's assessment, 2) the practicality of the props viewed from the students' responses, 3) the effectiveness of the props viewed the student learning outcomes in the knowledge aspects, and 4) achievement of students' science process skills using student worksheets. This study uses the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with the subject of the trial on 32 students of class VIII-D of SMP Negeri 11 Banjarmasin. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed 1) the validity of the props included in the very valid category with a score of 4.44, 2) the practicality of the props included in the practical category with a score of 76.6, 3) the effectiveness of the props included in the very effective category with N-Gain 0.71, and 4) achievement of skills Science process students include very good categories with an average of 85.79. These results indicate that appropriate teaching aids are used to train science process skills of class VIII junior high school students.
Analisis Respon Siswa terhadap Penggunaan KIT Kalorimeter dalam Pembelajaran IPA Pokok Bahasan Kalor
Authors: Hasyim Faiz
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respon siswa terhadap penggunaan KIT Kalorimeter dalam pembelajaran IPA pokok bahasan kalor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa kelas 7 MTs Alif Laam Miim Surabaya. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah angket. Hasil penelitian ini adalah rerata respon siswa terhadap penggunaan KIT Kalorimeter dalam pembelajaran IPA pokok bahasan kalor sebanyak 94%. Rerata prosentase sebesar 94% didapat dari prosentase pernyataan pertama sebanyak 95%, pernyataan kedua sebanyak 97%, pernyataan ketiga sebanyak 97%, pernyataan keempat sebanyak 87%, pernyataan kelima sebanyak 93%, dan pernyataan keenam sebanyak 93%. Berdasarkan prosentase tersebut, siswa menyatakan sangat setuju terhadap semua pernyataan yang diajukan terkait penggunaan KIT Kalorimeter dalam pembelajaran IPA pokok bahasan kalor. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan KIT kalorimeter dalam pembelajaran IPA untuk menjelaskan pokok bahasan kalor sangat diminati oleh siswa. Abstract: This research is intended to find out students' responses towards the use of props Kalorimeter in studying the subject of Science under the topic of heat. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects were 25 students in class 7 MTs Alif Laam Miim Surabaya. The instrument used was the questionnaire. The result of this research shows that the average score of students' response is 94%. That percentage was taken from the average of the percentages of the 1st statement (95%), 2nd statement (97%), 3rd statement (97%), 4th statement (87%), 5th statement (93%) and the last one, the 6th statement (93%). Based on the score, students agreed with all statements stated in the questionnaire. It showed that the use of props Kalorimeter in studying science under the topic of heat was interested in the students.
Improvement of Organosolv Fractionation Performance for Rice Husk through a Low Acid-Catalyzation
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Ryu Hyun Jin , Oh Kyeong Keun
Published: April 2019

For the effective utilization of rice husk, organosolv fractionation was investigated to separate three main components (glucan, xylose, and lignin) with low acid concentration. Reaction temperatures of 170–190 °C, ethanol concentrations of 50–70% (v/v), and sulfuric acid concentrations of 0–0.7% (w/v) were investigated, with the reaction time and liquid-to-solid ratio kept constant at 60 min and 10, respectively. The fractionation conditions for the efficient separation into the three components of rice husk were determined to be 180 °C, 60% (v/v) of ethanol, and 0.25% (w/v) of sulfuric acid. Under these fractionation conditions, 86.8% of the xylan and 77.5% of the lignin were removed from the rice husk, and xylose and lignin were obtained from the liquid in 67.6% and 49.8% yields, respectively. The glucan digestibility of the fractionated rice husk was 85.2% with an enzyme loading of 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of cellulase per g-glucan.
Economic and Environmental Multi-objective Optimization of a Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System in the Colombian Caribbean Region
Authors: Valencia Guillermo , Benavides Aldair , Cardenas Yulineth
Published: April 2019

The hybrid system is analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in Non-Interconnected Zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was carried using a dynamic model in real wind and solar data. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyze, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport and Simon Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). A multi-objective design optimization under a Pareto front is presented for each place studied to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy and CO2 emission, where the objective variables are the number of panel and stack in the PV system and PEM.  
Homeobox genes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Kwei-Yan , Wang Li-Ting , Hsu Shih-Hsien , Wang Shen-Nien
Published: April 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year. It involves a multi-step progression and is strongly associated with chronic inflammation induced by the intake of environmental toxins and/or viral infections (i.e., hepatitis B and C viruses). Although several genetic dysregulations are considered to be involved in disease progression, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Homeobox (Hox) genes that encode transcription factors with homeodomains control cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis in embryonic development. Recently, more aberrant expressions of Hox genes were found in a wide variety of human cancer, including HCC. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence related to the role of Hox genes in the development of HCC. The objective is to determine the roles of this conserved transcription factor family and its potential use as a therapeutic target in future investigations.
A Machine Learning Approach for the Discovery of Ligand-specific Functional Mechanisms of GPCRs
Authors: Plante Ambrose , Shore Derek M. , Morra Giulia , Khelashvili George , Weinstein Harel
Published: April 2019

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in many cellular signaling mechanisms, and must select among multiple coupling possibilities in a ligand-specific manner in order to carry out a myriad of functions in diverse cellular contexts. Much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms of ligand-GPCR complexes from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. However, to explore ligand-specific differences in the response of a GPCR to diverse ligands, as is required to understand ligand bias and functional selectivity, necessitates creating very large amounts of data from the needed large-scale simulations. This becomes a Big Data problem for the high dimensionality analysis of the accumulated trajectories. Here we describe a new machine learning (ML) approach to the problem that is based on transforming the analysis of GPCR function-related, ligand-specific differences encoded in the MD simulation trajectories into a representation recognizable by state-of-the-art deep learning object recognition technology. We illustrate this method by applying it to recognize the pharmacological classification of ligands bound to the 5-HT2A and D2 subtypes of class A GPCRs from the serotonin and dopamine families. The ML-based approach is shown to perform the classification task with high accuracy, and we identify the molecular determinants of the classifications in the context of GPCR structure and function. This study builds a framework for the efficient computational analysis of MD Big Data collected for the purpose of understanding ligand-specific GPCR activity.
Biomonitoring of 12 Trace Elements in Blood and Urine of Children by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Veikhman Galina , Zaitseva Nina , Ulanova Tatyana , Stenno Elena , Nedoshitova Anna , Volkova Marina
Published: April 2019

The authors determined mass concentrations of 12 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V, Zn) in blood and urine taken from 100 rural children living in unremarkable condition in the West Ural region of the Russian Federation. We applied inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in conformity with Methodical Guidelines 4.1. 3230-14 (FR.1.31.2014.17064) designed by us and detailed in the paper. The article contains setting parameters for Agilent 7500cx quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer . The authors present grounds for an optimal scheme of samples preparation which helps to eliminate "matrix" effect and explain why it is advisable to use reaction/collision functioning mode as it enables interference overlaps suppression.To prepare whole blood samples for analysis, we used acid dissolution in concentrated nitric acid followed by centrifugation. The arithmetic mean (AM) of element content in blood amounted to 0.34 µg/l (As); 0.39 µg/l (Cd); 6.41 µg/l (Cr); 866.11 µg/l (Сu); 13.73 µg/l (Mn); 5.86 µg/l (Ni); 23.65 µg/l (Pb); 87.43 µg/l (Se); 33.54 µg/l (Sr); 0.04 µg/l (Tl); 0.16 µg/l (V); 4713.48 µg/l (Zn). The validity of the results was confirmed by means of  SERONORM TM Whole Blood L2 standard samples (Norway). Urine samples were directly analyzed after 1/10 (V/V) dilution with 1% nitric acid solution. The arithmetic mean of element  content of urine corresponded to 18.99 µg/l (As); 0.12 µg/l (Cd); 1.91 µg/l (Cr); 13.28 µg/l (Сu);  0.96 µg/l (Mn); 1.84 µg/l (Ni); 0.83 µg/l  (Pb); 22.55 µg/l (Se); 239.09 µg/l (Sr); 0.16 µg/l  (Tl); 0.68 µg/l (V); 270.56 µg/l (Zn).  The validity of the results was confirmed by analyzing the SERONORM TM standard urine samples (Norway). Regional differences from levels found in other countries included  higher concentrations of Cr, Mn and Ni in blood and  lower levels of Se and Zn levels in West Ural children. Urine concentrations of West Ural children showed  higher levels of As and Sr.
Assessment of Residual Feed Intake and Its Relevant Measurements in Two Varieties of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under High Environmental Temperature
Authors: Fathi Moataz M. , Al-Homidan Ibrahim , Ebeid Tarek A. , Galal Ahmed , Abou-Emera Osama K.
Published: April 2019

Three hundred ten 12-wek-old laying quails (155 each) were randomly selected from the initial population and kept in individual battery cages. The measurements of growth and egg production were determined to derive RFI. The relationship between RFI and egg quality, blood parameters and carcass characteristics was also determined. The results indicated that the gray quails had significantly higher egg mass and lower broken eggs compared to the white quails. A significant increase for eggshell strength and shell % was found in eggs produced from gray quails compared to white counterparts, although the shell thickness was the same. The results of multiple regression analysis clearly identified a significant effect of metabolic body weight and egg mass in computing expected feed intake rather than body weight gain in both varieties of Japanese quails. Strongly positive correlation between RFI and feed intake in both gray and white quail varieties was found. The same trend was also observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Therefore, including RFI in selection criteria of Japanese quail to improve FCR under high environmental temperature is highly recommended.
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidants Capacity of Baby Leaf Lettuce Influence by Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Lee Young-Tack , Mele Mahmuda Akter , Choi In-Lee , Kang Ho-Min
Published: April 2019

Freshly harvested baby leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Red romaine’) leaves were packaged with 1,300, 20,000, 40,000, or 100,000 cc/m2 day atm oxygen transmission rate (OTR) packaging films as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), as well as perforated film to store at 8 ℃ with 90% relative humidity in order to determine the suitable OTR film on the basis of physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity. The results indicated that at 8 ℃, the 20,000 cc OTR film modified the atmosphere created in the package so that it consisted of 19.95 - 19.25% oxygen, 1.55 - 4.90% carbon dioxide, and 8.06 - 5.10 µL/L ethylene. Changes in quality including weight loss, visual quality, chlorophyll, color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue angle ºh), and off-odor were the smallest in the 20,000 cc OTR film. The 20,000 cc OTR film also exhibited the highest shelf life at 30 days. The anthocyanin content was higher and the peroxidase, which indicates browning, was lower in the 20,000 cc OTR film compared to the other treatments. In the baby leaf lettuce, the antioxidant capacity was tested and determined with flavonoid, phenolic content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and total vitamin C, which all showed increased levels in the 20,000 cc OTR film. Therefore, the 20,000 cc OTR film as a MAP could be useful for the cold chain distribution of baby leaf lettuce for the purposes of maintaining the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity and earning foreign currency by satisfying consumers.
Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi
Authors: DELEŞ Bayram
Published: April 2019

Obezite,
genetik ve genetik olmayan faktörlerden etkilenen, her yaş grubunda küresel
sorun oluşturan multifaktöriyel bir durumdur. Günümüzde önlenebilir ölümler
arasında sigaradan sonra ikinci sırada obezite yer almaktadır. Son 30 yılda
çocuk ve ergenlerde obezite oranları dünya genelinde artış göstermektedir. Bu
artışın en önemli sebebi ise, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte çocukların fiziksel
aktivite sürelerinin azalması, beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve besin
tercihlerinin olumsuz yönde değişmesidir. Obezite ilerleyen yaşlarda ise pek
çok kronik, metabolik ve psikolojik sağlık sorununu tetikleyen ve toplumların
sağlık bütçeleri üzerinde büyük yük oluşturan bir problemdir. Bu derleme
çalışmasında çocukluk çağı obezitesi, güncel literatürler eşliğinde
değerlendirilerek obeziteye ait risk faktörleri ve obezite riskini azaltmaya
yönelik önlemler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sağlık eğitimi, sağlıklı yaşam
tarzı davranışlarını hedefleyen aile ve okul sistemlerinde öğretilebilir. Bu şekilde
çocuk ve ergenler, fiziksel aktivite ve sağlıklı beslenme ile ilgili yapmaları
gereken seçimler hakkında daha iyi bir bilgi tabanına sahip olabilirler.
The Prospects for Wind Energy Development in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Petrusha Y. S. , Papkova N. A.
Published: April 2019

The use of wind turbines to create wind energy is one of the main alternatives to the traditional technologies of power generation. The exclusion of combustion products emissions at thermal power plants that operate on hydrocarbon fuel, as well as the exclusion of the fuel component of the cost of electricity generation makes the wind power technology very attractive. However, the rigor of the operation requirements of wind turbines as part of power systems, low density of the flow of primary energy source and the lack of control of it, low utilization of installed capacity, limited operating life, shutdowns in the conditions of squally gusts of wind and ice formation, large areas of alienated land, the impact of noise and infrasonic vibrations and the problems of utilization of large-size structural elements and foundations require a comprehensive analysis of conditions of wind turbines application. Despite the absence of desert areas and of restrictions on the construction of ultra-high structures the analysis of natural and climatic conditions of Belarus demonstrates favorable natural and landscape conditions for the development of wind power generation. The principal task is to choose the location of wind power plants with due regard to environmental requirements, temperature and humidity conditions, terrain and geological features of the location. The results of calculations of the wind flow conditions showed the preference for the joint application of the Weibull and Rayleigh functions that provide the confidence interval of the approximation of the wind speed function, while the terrain specific features make it possible to expect to obtain higher values of the established capacity utilization factor. The development of a distributed energy generation accompanied by Smart Grid technology wide use over electric networks (which would provide new opportunities for consumers and make it possible to eliminate the monopoly of powerful power plants and to reduce burden of basic costs of big power production) ought to be considered as obvious prospect of wind power plants application.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Heat-Technical Equipment on the Basis of Numerical Simulation of Non-Stationary Processes
Authors: Niyakovskii A. M. , Romaniuk V. N. , Yatskevich Yu. V. , Chichko A. N.
Published: April 2019

In industrial heat-technological installations for accelerated hydration of concrete, which are the main element of the thermal power system of enterprises of concrete products, the modes of heat treatment and the organization of heat supply to the product processed in them are due to the required temperature distribution in the volume of the concrete body, providing a given product quality. In order to optimize the processes occurring in such thermal device, a nonstationary mathematical model of the hardening process of the concrete product subjected to heat treatment has been developed, which allows calculating the spatial distribution of its volume temperature and degree of hydration of the active part of the cement clinker. The proposed model is based on the use of a non-stationary three-dimensional heat equation that takes into account the internal heat release due to the exothermic reaction in a concrete body and determines the degree of its hydration and hardening. For a given mode of heat treatment with the use of the finite volume method, numerical simulation of the hardening process of a symmetric concrete object of cubic shape is performed. In the selected points of the object under study, depending on the time of heat treatment, the rates of temperature change and the degree of hydration were calculated and their analysis was carried out. When analyzing the graphs of the temperature change rate, the characteristic inflections consistent with the given thermal mode of the heater were revealed. By a given mode of heat treatment of the form of “temperature rise – isothermal exposure – temperature decrease” in the selected points of the object there is an increase in temperature compared with the specified maximum temperatures of isothermal exposure, which is associated with the exothermic effect of the hydration reaction. A temperature shift relative to the specified thermal mode of the heater due to the non-equilibrium of the concrete hardening process is observed. The proposed mathematical model allows determining the time of reaching a preset temperature for any point of the internal space of the product subjected to heat treatment that can be used in the when designing of new and modernizing of existing thermal technological installations of accelerated hydration of concrete, as well as systems for automated control of the concrete hardening process in these devices. The results obtained during the study are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data of other authors.
Compare of Transient Quality in Automatic Control Systems with Classic PID Algorithm and Optimal Regulator
Authors: Kulakov G. T. , Artsiomenka K. I.
Published: April 2019

Currently, about 90–95% of generic controllers use the PID algorithm to generate control actions, while 64% of the PID controllers are used in single-circuit automatic control systems. Most of industries (power industry among them) use hundreds of automatic control systems. The quality of their work is the basis of economic efficiency of technical processes, ensuring safety, reliability, durability and environmental friendliness of both technological equipment and automation equipment. There are different modifications of PID-controller structure implementation. In practice the ideal PID controller with a filter and the classic PID regulator (serial connection of the ideal PI controller and the real PD regulator as the direct action elements) are widely used. The problem of choosing a rational structure and a method of parametric optimization of PID controllers, which provide the best direct indicatives of the quality in the development of the main effects in single-circuit automatic control systems, becomes urgent. However, only for the classical PID controllers, which are widely used at present, there are more than three hundred methods for adjusting the three parameters of the optimal dynamic adjustment, as well as the ballast time constant. This results in arising a problem of substantiation of the best structure and method of parametric optimization of classical PID regulators. As a basic option, one of the simplest and most obvious one, viz. the method of automated adjustment of the controller in the Simulink MatLab environment had been chosen, which was compared with the method of full compensation in general for objects with a transfer function in the form of an inertial link with a conditional delay. Two variants of control action realization on the basis of the structural scheme of the optimal regulator developed by the Belarusian national technical University were also offered. In contrast with the classic PID controller, the optimal controller has one parameter of dynamic adjustment setting. The results of simulation of transients at basic perturbations confirmed that the best direct indicatives of the quality are provided with an optimal regulator, which makes it possible to recommend it for wide implementation instead of the classic PID controllers.
Technological features of production of copper-based composites reinforced with cast iron granules by means of casting
Authors: Kalinichenko A. S. , Sheinert V. A. , Kalinichenko V. A. , Slutsky A. G.
Published: April 2019

Increasing the operational reliability of friction units is one of the priorities for mechanical engineering, which requires the creation of effective tribotechnical materials. First of all, this applies to sliding bearings, which are used in various friction units in a wide range of operating conditions and must meet a number of requirements: low coefficient of friction, high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, as well as good thermal conductivity, workability, corrosion resistance and machinability, low coefficient of linear expansion and low cost. It is problematic to satisfy these requirements in real conditions; therefore, different friction materials that are best suited to specific conditions have been developed. In particular, cast composite materials (LCM) have been developed, which have found application in various friction units operating in severe operating conditions. Currently, the theoretical foundations of the mechanics of reinforced composite materials are well developed, and a significant progress has been achieved in their material science. However, there are still many problems associated with the choice of optimal technology ensuring the achievement in practice of the predicted composites properties by theory, control of interfacial interaction to improve the stability of the structure and properties of CM, with the development of new types of reinforcing elements that can raise the level of composite performance.

In the present work results of scientific and experimental studies on the development of casting technology (solid-liquid synthesis) for obtaining composite materials with macroheterogeneous structure have been summarized. The structures of composites are studied for different methods of synthesis, as well as for different chemical composition of cast iron granules. The prospects of using white vanadium cast iron granules as a reinforcing phase are shown.
Working conditions in foundries
Authors: Lazarenkov A. М.
Published: April 2019

The factors of the working environment of workplaces determining working conditions of workers in foundries are considered. The excess of permissible levels or concentrations of dust, noise, vibration and other harmful factors in various technological operations of manufacturing castings is resulted.
Sorting nipple castings from malleable cast iron from the result of measuring their residual magnetization
Authors: Sandomirski S. G.
Published: April 2019

The physical principles of magnetic control of the structure of malleable cast iron compact castings are summarized. It reports on the technical features and mode of operation of the automated instrument used for control. The features of formation of remanent magnetization of unhealed castings of nipples from malleable cast iron with bleached surface layer, features of the influence of changes in the layer thickness on the result of magnetization of the castings are established. A criterion for sorting castings with thickness of the bleached layer was developed based on the result of measuring its residual magnetization a given. Recommendations on its use when adjusting the rejection limit for automated magnetic sorting of castings by structure at the Minsk plant of heating equipment are given.
Research on the effect of the grooving of mill rolls of the reeling tube mill on the wear of the elongating mandrel
Authors: Bobarikin Yu. L. , Radkin Ya. I.
Published: April 2019

By means of numerical simulation the influence of the geometry of calibers of mill rolls on the wear of the elongating mandrel is determined. The type of the grooving of mill rolls of a continuous three roll reeling mill, which reduces the wear of the elongating mandrel during the rolling, is determined.
The quality of semi-finished steel
Authors: Anisovich A. G.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the quality of structural steel supplied by metallurgical enterprises. It is shown that the pipes made of steel 20, used in the oil and gas industry, contain structurally free cementite in the structure, often in the form of a grid (points 4 and 5 according to GOST 5640–68). This structure is the cause of faulty production: the subsequent cold treatment pressure formed sags on the surface of the product, and there is a violation of the continuity of the material up to the formation of through cracks. Formation of structurally-free cementite in steel 40KHN2MA with structure of the top bainite which was formed at violation of regulations of heat treatment of a semi-finished product is also found. When nitriding with heating to 490 ° C and holding at this temperature, there was a decay of bainite with the formation of tertiary cementite along the grain boundaries. Discussed the possibility of culling the poor quality of delivery at the consumer. It is also noted that many enterprises have now abolished entrance control, which has the most negative consequences both in terms of product quality and safety, especially in the oil and gas industry.
The dependence of the adhesive properties of the steel cord from the different test methods and application of various compounds
Authors: Khrol O. N.
Published: April 2019

One of the most important indicators of the quality of the metal cord is the strength of its adhesion to the compound, i.e. adhesive strength. This is due to the fact that the value of adhesive strength significantly affects the performance of tires.

The article analyzes how the use of different test methods could determine the adhesive strength and the use of compounds of different consumers affect the amount of adhesion of the metal cord. Three methods of testing of different consumers are considered and compared, the features of each method are revealed. Tests were carried out using different methods and compounds of different consumers; the factors affecting the value of adhesive strength were determined.
The 70-year history of metallurgical production at the Minsk automobile plant and prospects of its development
Authors: Gurchenko P. S. , Cazyuchits Yu. E. , Skibar A. M. , Chepyzhov B. A.
Published: April 2019

The data on the creation of the Minsk automobile plant, the formation and development of its foundre shops, measures taken to ensure the growth of the volume and quality of iron and steel casting on MAW are given. The measures to improve working conditions at the plant and improve the environmental situation are shown. The brief characteristics of the technological processes created at MAW for obtaining steel cast heat-treated shot and briquetting metal chips using induction heating, as well as modern molding and core mixtures and equipment developed at MAW and eqiopment created at OJSC «BELNIILIT», are given.
Er,Yb:Ca3RE2(BO3)4 (RE=Y, Gd) – Novel 1.5 μm Laser Crystals
Authors: Gorbachenya K. N. , Deineka R. V. , Kisel V. E. , Yasukevich A. S. , Shekhovtsov A. N. , Kosmyna M. V. , Kuleshov N. V.
Published: April 2019

The search for new crystalline host materials for the usage in lasers emitting in the eye-safe spectral range of 1.5–1.6 µm is an important task. The aim of this work was to study the growth technique, spectroscopic properties and laser characteristics of new active media – crystals Er3+,Yb3+:Ca2RE2(BO3)4

(RE=Y, Gd).

Calcium-yttrium Er3+,Yb3+:Ca3Y2(BO3)4(CYB) and calcium-gadolinium Er3+,Yb3+: Ca2Gd2(BO3)4  (CGB) oxoborate crystals co-doped with erbium and ytterbium ions were investigated. Polarized absorption and emission cross-section spectra were determined. The lifetimes of4I11/2and4I13/2energy levels of Er3+ions were measured and ytterbium-erbium energy transfer efficiencies were estimated. The calculation of the gain cross-section spectra was performed. By using of Er3+,Yb3+: Ca2RE2(BO3)4 (RE=Y, Gd) crystals the laser performance was realized, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The laser characteristics were studied in a quasi-CW (QCW) laser operation.

The wide band with a peak at the wavelength of 976 nm is observed in the absorption spectra of both crystals. This peak coincides with the emission wavelength of the pump laser diodes for Yb-doped active media. The maximum value of absorption cross-section was 1.7 × 10–20cm2for polarizationE//bfor both crystals. The lifetimes of the upper laser level4I13/2of Er3+ions were 580 ± 30 μs and 550 ± 30 μs for Er,Yb:CYB and Er,Yb:CGB crystals, respectively. The energy transfer efficiencies from ytterbium to erbium ions for an Er,Yb:CYB and Er,Yb:CGB crystals were 94 % and 96 %, respectively. According to gain spectrum of the Er,Yb:CYB crystal the gain band peak is centered at the wavelength of 1530 nm. The maximum QCW output power was 0.5 W with slope efficiency of 13 % regarding to absorbed pump power for an Er,Yb: CYB crystal. The laser beam parameter M2did not exceed < 1.5.

Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that these crystals are promising active media for lasers emitting in the spectral range of 1.5–1.6 μm for the usage in laser rangefinder and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy systems, and LIDARs.
Device and Methods for Measuring of Acoustic Anisotropy and the Residual Stress in the Main Gas Pipelines’ Metal
Authors: Volkova L. V. , Murav’eva O. V. , Murav’ev V. V. , Buldakova I. V.
Published: April 2019

One of the main conditions of safe operation of gas pipelines is the use of non-destructive diagnostic methods. Particularly important problem is the earlier operational diagnosis of pipes’ material of main gas pipelines based on the evaluation of the stress-strain state, elastic moduli and properties anisotropy by acoustic methods. The aim of the work is to develop methods for acoustic assessment of the stress-strain state, the elastic moduli and the properties anisotropy of pipeline material and to study these characteristics in different sections of main pipelines using a device based on contactlessEMAtransducers.

Methods are implemented using specialized equipment (the structurescopeSEMA) and non-contact electromagnetic acoustic transducers. As an object of research, we used fragments – the cuttings of gas pipelines with circumferential welds both after fabrication and removed from service with stress corrosion cracking, including ones with corrosion damage and without visible damage.

The method of determining the plane stress-strain state of pipeline elements is based on the phenomenon of acoustoelasticity – the dependence of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves on mechanical stresses. The method for determining the elastic characteristics of materials and the anisotropy of their properties is based on the relationship between the velocities of ultrasonic waves and the elastic properties of the medium. Both techniques are implemented by sounding the sample in one section using a longitudinal wave and two shear waves with mutually perpendicular polarization planes coinciding with the main stresses, and measuring their propagation times.

It is shown that the stress state distribution both in the circumferential direction and along the generatrix is uneven which is caused by the peculiarities of samples (presence of a welded joint, stress corrosion cracking, long-term operation). The smallest acoustic anisotropy is observed for the Young's modulus. The anisotropy of the properties of most samples is in the range of 12–14 % for shear modulus, 9–10 % for Young’s modulus, 13–15 % for Poisson’s ratio. For samples with stress corrosion cracking a sharp decrease in the anisotropy coefficient is observed which makes it possible to use the indicated characteristics as informative parameters in detecting stress corrosion cracking.

A feature of the proposed methods is high accuracy, due to the absence of necessity to determine the material density and precision measurement of its thickness, the measurement error of which is significant by known methods.

Keywords:main gas pipeline, elastic moduli, acoustic anisotropy of properties, the biaxial stress-strain state, longitudinal and transversal waves.
Modeling of an Impact of Thin Insulating Film on the Electrode Surface on Discharge Ignition in Mercury Illuminating Lamps at Low Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Bondarenko G. G. , Fisher M. R. , Kristya V. I. , Żukowski P.
Published: April 2019

The mixture of argon and mercury vapor with temperature-dependent composition is used as the background gas in different types of gas discharge illuminating lamps. The aim of this work was to develop a model of the low-current discharge in an argon-mercury mixture at presence of a thin insulating film on the cathode and to investigate the influence of film on the discharge ignition voltage at low ambient temperatures. When discharge modeling, we used the obtained earlier expression which describes dependence of the mixture ionization coefficient on temperature. When there was a thin insulating film on the cathode the model took into account that positive charges are accumulated on its surface during the discharge. They generate an electric field in the film sufficient for the field emission of electrons from the metal substrate of the electrode into the insulator and some of them can overcome the potential barrier at the film outer boundary and go out in the discharge volume improving emission characteristics of the cathode.

Calculations showed that at a temperature decrease the electric field strengthes in the discharge gap and the voltage in it are increased due to reduction of the saturated mercury vapor density in the mixture followed by the decrease of its ionization coefficient. Existence of a thin insulating film on the cathode surface results in an increase of the cathode effective secondary electron emission yield which compensates the reduction of the mixture ionization coefficient value.

The results of discharge characteristics modeling demonstrate that in case of the cathode with an insulating film the discharge ignition becomes possible at a lower inter-electrode voltage. This ensures outdoor mercury lamp turning on at a reduced supply voltage and increases its reliability under low ambient temperatures.
Control Panel for Transport Vehicle of Technological Purpose with Electric Traction
Authors: Schenyatskiy A. V. , Muzafarov R. S. , Muzafarov E. R. , Chukhlantsev E. S. , Dombrachev A. N.
Published: April 2019

The proposed design solution refers to elements of land vehicle bodies and namely to control panels of a power truck and it can be used to control vehicles of technological purpose with electric traction, as well as their hinged and trailed equipment. A technical problem of a device coinciding with the positive result from its application is to provide a possibility for controlling hinged or trailed equipment of a transport vehicle of technological purpose with the help of a panel. The control panel has a steering wheel located on its left side mounted on a steering column, a speedometer and a section of vehicle control devices, and there is a control unit for hinged and trailed equipment of the vehicle in the right part of the panel; it is made in the form of a box and there is a group of indicating devices, keypad and two function keys on the outer box surface. The group of indicating instruments includes a line of seven-segment indicators, a text LCD-indicator, a graphic TFT-display, the first and second LEDs indicating the status of hinged and trailed equipment. Indicating devices, keypad and two function keys are electrically connected to the control unit located inside the box. The control unit is based on an industrial microcontroller equipped with a non-volatile memory unit and a USART module connected via an interface converter unit to a radio module.
Verification оf Non-Stationary Mathematical Model оf Concrete Hardening in Thermal Technological Installations
Authors: Niyakovskii A. M. , Romaniuk V. N. , Chichko A. N. , Yaczkevich Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

Thermo-technical installations consuming significant amounts of thermal energy are used in order to intensify precast and reinforced concrete production processes under industrial conditions. Despite significant progress in the study of concrete hardening in accelerated hydration devices, a prominent lack of reliable and cost-effective research and optimization methods of their operation is observed. The methods used in real production processes are mainly based on empirical dependences obtained for specific technological conditions. These methods can not always be applied for other modes and technologies. The present paper develops calculation methods based on fundamental laws that make it possible to obtain functions for evolution of concrete product hydration process. Methods of mathematical modeling permit to develop new ways directed on improvement of modes for heat treatment of concrete products and accelerated hydration technologies. The paper describes a mathematical model for calculating a hardening process of a concrete product that includes a transient three-dimensional heat conductivity equation, a function of internal heat release due to behavior of exothermic reactions of cement hydration and also a system of initial and boundary conditions. A numerical simulation for temperature and hydration coefficient of a concrete product having shape of a 0.1´0.1´0.1 m cube has been performed in the paper. Verification of the non-stationary mathematical model for calculating temperature fields and hydration degree while using experimental data on concrete product strength obtained under industrial conditions. Investigations on hydration degree function of time have shown that experimentally obtained values of compressive strength correlate with hydration coefficient and hydration rate functions of heat treatment time which are calculated on the basis of the proposed non-stationary mathematical model of concrete product hardening. Satisfactory agreement of experimental and calculated data confirms adequacy of the proposed non-stationary mathematical model for calculating temperature fields and hydration degree with accelerated heat treatment of concrete products.
Modified method of proportional navigation to intercept aeroballistic targets with a limited sector guidance of missile
Authors: Markevich V. E. , Legkostup V. V.
Published: April 2019

The improved version of the algorithm realizing a method of proportional navigation for guidance of anti-aircraft guided missiles in the limited sector of the angular tracking connected with the line of sight of the aero ballistic target and the anticipations providing sustainable missile guidance with the maximum the angles of pre-emption, which aren’t exceeding maximum permissible is considered. The analytical expressions describing the algorithm of calculation of guidance command and signals of correction, adaptive to parameters of the movement and realizing steady tracking and control of a guided anti-aircraft missile in the wide the ranges of the radial distance, heights and speeds of the movement of aerodynamic target are given. Results of mathematical simulation of a problem of spatial interception of the aero-ballistic targets and also the comparative analysis and preliminary estimate of accuracy of guidance of the existing classical and modified versions of a method of proportional navigation are presented.