bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Effects of Doxorubicin and a Novel Sulfonamide Derivative on Inducing Apoptosis in a Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)
Authors: Pedarpour Shabnam , Zarei Sevda , Mahmoodi Zeinab , Ghafouri Hossein
Published: February 2024

Chemical combinations are believed to reduce drug toxicity, delay cancer cell growth, and achieve enhanced efficacy compared with single active drugs. This research investigated the synergistic effect of DOX and Zm-093, a new sulfonamide derivative, on improving the potential for inducing apoptosis in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. First, the Zm-093 compound was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR. Then, the IC50 values for DOX and Zm-093 were calculated to be 1.21 and 51.24 μM, respectively. To investigate the synergistic effect, Compusyn software was utilized to calculate the combination index (CI). Different methods, including western blotting, flow cytometry, and TUNEL, were used to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of these compounds on inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Combining the indexes obtained at all concentrations revealed synergistic results. The proapoptotic proteins Bax, tBid, and caspase-3, however, increased 2.4, 3.3, and 5.7 times more than those in the control group. Flow cytometry analysis and the TUNEL method in cells treated with DOX and Zm-093 showed that apoptosis was significantly higher than in other groups. The results confirmed the synergistic effect of DOX and ZM-093 on apoptotic factors expression in MCF-7 cells.
Sustainable Continuous Cover Forestry Dynamics, Optimal Decisions, and Empirical Estimations
Authors: Lohmander Peter
Published: February 2024

Sustainable continuous cover forestry is defined and analyzed in several ways. The differential
equation representing growth of the basal areas of individual trees, motivated by fundamental
biological production theory by Lohmander (2017a), is analyzed and extended in different directions.
From the solution of the differential equation, the basal area and the tree diameter are obtained as
explicit functions of time. The diameter is a strictly increasing function of time. In the absence of
competitors, the diameter increment is shown to be a strictly decreasing function of time. Hence, the
diameter increment can also be interpreted as a strictly decreasing function of the diameter. Alternative
forms of adjustment of the differential equation, with consideration of competition, are defined. If the
competition is strong, with large trees in the vicinity of a particular tree, then the basal area increment,
and the diameter increment, are reduced. The growth of a large tree is less sensitive than the growth of
a small tree, to competition from other trees. Under strong competition, the basal area increment, and
the diameter increment, are strictly concave functions of the size of the tree. The unique maximum of
the diameter increment occurs at a higher diameter, if the competition increases. In dynamic
equilibrium, the tree size frequency distribution is stationary. If natural tree mortality can be avoided
via the harvest strategy, the tree size frequency distribution is a function of the size and competition
dependent growth function, and the harvest strategy. Empirical tree size frequency data are used to
simultaneously estimate parameters of a size and competition dependent growth function and the
applied harvest strategy, via nonlinear optimization. The properties of the estimated growth function
are consistent with the corresponding properties of the production theoretically motivated hypothetical
function, and the properties of the estimated harvest strategy confirm the corresponding hypotheses.
The R2 of the nonlinear regression exceeds 0.97. With access to an empirically estimated equilibrium
tree size distribution, it is possible to: 1. Estimate size frequency relevant parameters of tree size and
competition dependent growth functions for individual trees. 2. Estimate the applied harvest strategy.
3. Explain and reproduce the empirically estimated tree size equilibrium distribution.
The Environmental and Economic Importance of Mixed and Boundary Lubrication
Authors: Taylor Robert Ian , Sherrington Ian
Published: February 2024

One route to reducing CO2 emissions is to improve the energy efficiency of machines. For example, conventional combustion engines are being downsized (and down-speeded), are now running on lower viscosity engine lubricants (such as SAE 0W-20 or lower viscosity grades) and often also have stop-start systems fitted (to prevent engine idling when the vehicle is stopped). Some of these changes result in higher levels of mixed and boundary friction, and so accurate estimation of mixed/boundary friction losses is becoming of increased importance, both for estimating friction losses, and also for estimating wear volumes. Traditional approaches to estimating mixed/boundary friction, which employ real area of contact modelling such as the Greenwood-Tripp model [1] are widely used, but recent experimental data suggests that these approaches underestimate mixed/boundary friction losses [2-5]. A new model has been developed, based on experimental data, which estimates the proportion of mixed/boundary lubrication, X, as a function of the value (where is the ratio of the oil film thickness separating the surfaces to the combined root mean square surface roughness of the interface surfaces). The precise equation that describes the way in which X varies with takes the form of a “reverse S-curve”, which makes physical sense since S-curves arise naturally in growth processes, and in mixed/boundary lubrication, the real area of contact of rough surfaces grows as the load (and 1/) increases. Numerical estimates of mixed/boundary lubrication losses in internal combustion engines are presented here and compared with published data [2,6]. In addition, the improved method described here is used to estimate both the financial cost of mixed/boundary lubrication for today’s passenger car fleet, and the CO2 emissions associated with these friction losses.
Inadvertent Exposure to Pharmacologically Designed Lipid Nanoparticles Via Bodily Fluids: Biologic Plausibility and Potential Consequences
Authors: Halma Matthew , Rose Jessica , McCullough Peter
Published: February 2024

Exposure to vaccine lipid nanoparticles, mRNA, adenoviral DNA, and or Spike protein from one of the approved Covid-19 vaccines, or through secondary exposure, as through blood transfusion, is a potential source of harm. Blood reactions are an acknowledged side-effect of Covid-19 vaccination, not limited to hemolysis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, chronic cold agglutinin disease, immune thrombocytopenia, haemophagocytosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and many other blood related conditions. The observation of adverse events has motivated investigation into the cardiovascular mechanisms of harm by Covid-19 vaccines, and the biodistribution of vaccine contents. Biodistribution may not be limited to the body of the vaccine recipient, as a growing body of evidence demonstrates the possibility of secondary exposure to vaccine particles. These can be via bodily fluids and include the following routes of exposure: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, breastfeeding, and possibly other means. As covid-19 vaccines are associated with an increased risk of stroke, the persistence of vaccine artifacts in the blood presents a possible threat to a recipient of a blood donation from a vaccinated donor who suffered from vaccine induced thrombosis or thrombocytopenia. (VITT) We assess the feasibility and significance of these risks through an overview of the case report literature of blood disorders in vaccinated individuals, pharmacovigilance reports from the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and a meta-analysis of the available literature on organ transplants from vaccinated organ donors. Our analysis establishes biological mechanistic plausibility, a coherent safety signal in pharmacovigilance databases for secondary vaccine contents exposure (for the cases of blood transfusion and breastfeeding) and also an elevated level of adverse events in organ transplants from VITT-deceased donors, echoing increases in organ transplantation related complications seen in national statistics for some countries. Secondary exposure to vaccine artifacts is a potential explanation for some of the cases put forth, and requires a deeper investigation.
Measurement of Group Delay Ripples of Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings for CPA Lasers, and Their Effect on Performance
Authors: Ouellette François , Wang Hui
Published: February 2024

The group delay response of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBG) written in polarization-maintaining fiber can be measured using the beat spectrum of the reflections from the two polarization axis, with a resolution and reproducibility better than 50 fs. The method is theoretically described, and we analyze the effect of group delay ripples (GDR) on the performance of a stretcher-compressor pair used in chirped pulse amplification systems. Ripples with a spectral period of the order of the pulse bandwidth are the most deleterious. Those are readily captured with our method, despite the limit on resolution due to the fiber polarization beat length. As a rule of thumb, the GDR should not exceed half the pulse duration. The reconstructed phase of the CFBG is also used to predict the pulse compression performance for a given device. Measurement of GDR as low as 161 fs is experimentally demonstrated.
Monthly Hydraulic Geometry Relationship Quantification With Environmental LAI by Utilizing Sentinel Data: A Case in Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River
Authors: Huang Hai , Song Xiaolong , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan
Published: February 2024

This study presents a novel approach for quantifying the dynamics of monthly hydraulic geometry relationships in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River by integrating leaf area index (LAI) data as an indicator of riparian vegetation. A comprehensive system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) couples traditional power-law hydraulic geometry equations with LAI, capturing the influence of erosion control on channel morphology. The periodic delayed response theory and automatic differentiation techniques are employed to enhance the modeling framework's capabilities. Calibration and verification demonstrate the models' effectiveness in capturing overall trends in discharge, width, and depth dynamics, outperforming traditional constant-parameter approaches. However, model predictive abilities are limited under extreme climate conditions due to training on normal climate data. Key assumptions, including the periodic delayed response theory's neglect of peak discharges, simplified representation of artificial cut-offs, and reliance on remotely sensed data with limited local validation, introduce uncertainties. The proposed modeling framework shows potential for broader application to other river systems with appropriate adjustments. Future research could incorporate additional environmental factors, integrate models across scales, couple with advanced simulation techniques, and expand stability assessments beyond the riverbed index. By addressing related challenges, this integrated approach lays a foundation for enhancing understanding of river morphodynamics and channel stability.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Hidroponik (Studi Kasus Pada UMKM Aa818_Hydroponic)
Authors: Pradana Yoga Aji , Kusnandar Kusnandar
Published: February 2024

The vegetables cultivated by Aa818_Hydroponic are pesticide-free hydroponic vegetables. Aa818_Hydroponic markets 13 types of vegetables using the same method and strategy. The research aims to find out internal and external factors that are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for marketing, to find out alternatives and appropriate strategic priorities in marketing hydroponic vegetable products to Aa818_Hydroponic MSMEs. The research uses descriptive analytical methods with implementation techniques through observation and in-depth interviews. Key informants consisted of experts, practitioners, and consumers using questionnaires. The analysis method uses the SWOT and ANP matrices. The research results show that Aa818_Hydroponic has strengths, namely competitive vegetable prices, having a variety of vegetable products, free shipping promotions, long-lasting freshness levels, and vegetable products free from pesticides. Weaknesses include not having strong branding, packaging that is not attractive enough, the location of the plantation is not strategic, online promotion is not optimal, and human resources are limited. Opportunities include support from the government, many expo activities, fairs and exhibitions, good consumer perception of hydroponic vegetables, changes in healthy lifestyles, creation of opportunities for technological developments for marketing. The threats they have are that substitute product prices are cheaper, competitors' packaging is more attractive, competitors' marketing is more effective, and pest and disease attacks. SWOT analysis produces seven marketing strategies. ANP analysis produces the main strategic priority, namely participating in exhibition activities to promote existing advantages.
Bergeron, The Duke of Lennox, 1574-1624: A Jacobean Courtier’s Life (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022).
Authors: Saunders Amy Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

Review of: David M. Bergeron, The Duke of Lennox, 1574-1624: A Jacobean Courtier’s Life, (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022).
Officers and Social Promotion Strategies in the Lands of Isabel the Catholic (1470–1504)
Authors: Del Popolo Martina
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes the body of administrators responsible for governing and controlling the territories granted to Isabel of Castile pro Camera, as a matrimonial assignment for being the consort of the next king of Aragon. The study of these manors in Catalonia and Sicily demonstrates the existence of certain political programs to place the confidants of the monarchy in a strategic position. Their presence in the towns, administrated by the queen, ensured strict control over distant cities and seaports in addition to the appropriate collection of her incomes and emoluments. At the same time, Isabel used the administrative posts as a reward and promotion for the families of her inner circle. We consider different officers and families in order to understand how the interests of the monarchy were intertwined with the local ruling class and their courtiers.
Report on the 2023 Royal Studies Journal and Winchester University Press Biennial Early Career and Postgraduate Researcher Article Prize
Authors: Rohr Dr. Zita Eva
Published: February 2024

The 2023 Royal Studies Journal and the Winchester University Press Biennial Early Career/Postgraduate Researcher Article Prize.
Comparing Self-Reported and Aggregated Racial Classification for American Indian/Alaska Native Youths in YRBSS: 2021
Authors: Gatewood Ashton , Hendrix-Dicken Amy D. , Hartwell Micah
Published: February 2024

Objectives. To identify how race and ethnicity were reclassified with survey variables for children self-reporting as American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) using the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS).

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2021 YRBSS. YRBSS collects behaviors and demographics of students in grades 9 through 12, including race and ethnicity via self-report, and then reclassifies data into a “raceeth” variable. To examine the classification of AI/AN in YRBSS, we compared AI/AN composition between self-report and raceeth variables.

Results. A total of 816 adolescents self-reported as AI/AN alone (145; 17.70%), AI/AN alone with Hispanic/Latino background (246; 30.15%), or AI/AN in combination with 1 or more race (425; 52.08%). Of those, only 145 were classified as being AI/AN in the calculated raceeth variable. With YRBSS survey weighting, the percentage of AI/AN in the raceeth variable was 13.4%.

Conclusions. Misclassification, noncollection, or the use of categories such as “other” and “multirace” without allowing disaggregation can misrepresent disease burden, morbidity, and mortality. Consequently, it is critical to disaggregate data to adequately capture race/ethnicity in self-report surveys and data sources. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(4):403–406. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307561 )
Küresel İklim Krizinin Sosyal Boyutu ve Sosyal Politika Önlemleri
Authors: ŞENGÜL Belemir , MURAT Gökhan
Published: February 2024

Sanayileşme süreciyle birlikte değişen üretim anlayışı paralelinde artan fosil yakıt kullanımı iklim değişikliklerine neden olmuş, çevreye zarar vermiş, doğal kaynak stokunu azaltmış, doğada yaşayan canlı türlerinin yok olmasına ve çeşitli iklimsel olaylara bağlı olarak insanların yaşamlarını kaybetmelerine sebep olmuştur. Antropojenik (insan kaynaklı) iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak gelişen iklim krizi, dünya üzerinde yaşayan her türlü canlı varlığın ve insanların yaşamsal faaliyetleri üzerinde önemli bir tehdit unsuru oluşturmaktadır. Söz konusu bu iklim krizi tehdidi ise ülkeler ve toplumsal gruplar üzerinde farklı etkiler yaratmaktadır. İklim krizinin ortaya çıkmasında en az payı olan ülkeler ve toplumsal gruplar süreçten orantısız bir biçimde daha çok etkilenmekte, yaşanan iklim felaketleri neticesinde her yıl milyonlarca insan göç etmekte, işsiz kalmakta, yoksullaşmakta ve sosyal koruma eksikliği nedeniyle şiddetlenen birtakım sorunlarla başa çıkmak zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında iklim krizinin sebep olduğu olumsuzların öznesi konumunda olan insan faktöründen hareketle iklim krizinin sosyal boyutuna odaklanılmaktadır. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı iklim krizinin sosyal boyutu bağlamında seçilmiş sosyal eşitsizlik, sosyal koruma ve göç olgusu üzerinden iklim krizi etkilerini değerlendirmek ve uygun sosyal politika önerileri geliştirmektir.
NEOICHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND ARID SCORPIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON BURROW CONSTRUCTION AND FORM
Authors: HOUSER SKYLER K. , HEMBREE DANIEL I.
Published: February 2024

Scorpions are intermediate predators in numerous terrestrial environments, and many are temporarily to permanently fossorial. As a result, they play key roles in terrestrial food webs, in soil development, and as ecosystem engineers. However, scorpions have a poorly described ichnofossil record likely due to an inadequate understanding of their trace morphology. Critical to correcting this is assessing the variability of burrows constructed by phylogenetically, geographically, and environmentally distinct scorpions. Five extant scorpions, Heterometrus spinifer, Pandinus imperator, Pandipalpus viatoris, Hadrurus arizonensis, and Paravaejovis spinigerus were studied through neoichnological experiments under varying substrate conditions. Burrow casts produced were described and compared across species and different substrate conditions. Tropical scorpions excavated sediment and carried it away from the burrow to produce open, straight-to-sinuous, subvertical tunnels to branching tunnel systems with single to multiple entrances and often chambers. Arid scorpions excavated with rapid leg movements to throw sediment behind the body to produce single to linked networks of U-shaped burrows as well as subvertical tunnels to tunnel networks with single to multiple entrances and rarely chambers. Changes in sediment composition and moisture tended to reduce burrow production but did not significantly alter burrow morphology. All scorpion burrows, regardless of species, bore a moderate-to-high similarity despite differences in excavation styles and architecture suggesting that scorpions produce burrows of consistent form regardless of phylogenetic or environmental distance. The result of these studies provides key ichnotaxobases of scorpion burrows which can be used to identify them in the fossil record and improve interpretations of ancient terrestrial ecosystems.
Effects of kaolinite and montmorillonite calcined clays on the sulfate balance, early hydration, and artificial pore solution of limestone calcined clay cements (LC3)
Authors: Silva Micael , Neto J.S. Andrade , Walkley B. , Kirchheim A.P.
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the physicochemical effects of kaolinite (CK) and montmorillonite (CM) calcined clays on the sulfate balance, early hydration, and artificial pore solution of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). The effects of fineness, clay dissolution, and ion-adsorption capacity were evaluated by isothermal calorimetry, compressive strength, ICP-OES, and zeta potential within 72 hours, respectively. Increasing the fineness of both calcined clays did not significantly affect the sulfate depletion kinetics or the compressive strength and the adsorption of Ca2+ ions onto the calcined clay’s surface is not the main factor responsible for differences in sulfate demand. The higher dissolution of ions Al in CK provided an intensified and accelerated formation of ettringite that competes for the available sulfate. We demonstrate that the chemical effects have a significant impact on the sulfate balance of LC3, revealing the lesser impact of alternative clays like montmorillonite compared to metakaolin which can minimize the problem of accelerated sulfate depletion of LC3 mixes with MK.
Has the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone promoted Chinese-style ecological modernization?
Authors: Ma Na , Shen Mou , Chen Qian
Published: February 2024

Chinese-style modernization entails the harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, with a pivotal emphasis on promoting green development and elevating ecological standards. National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone (NIIDZ), serving as the government's "testing ground" for the implementation of green and innovation development strategies, holds significant importance in enhancing the ecological profile of the region. The entropy method is employed to gauge the Chinese-style ecological modernization level across 277 cities in China from 2006 to 2020.Subsequently, as a quasi-natural experiment, this study empirically examines the impact of NIIDZ on the Chinese-style ecological modernization level, employing a multi-period DID method to uncover the internal mechanisms. The findings indicate that the NIIDZ significantly boosts the level of Chinese-style ecological modernization. Mechanism analysis reveals that the pilot policy achieves this enhancement through the R&D innovation, the energy efficiency forcing and the scale agglomeration effects. Notably, the upgrading effect of NIIDZ on the Chinese-style ecological modernization is particularly pronounced in cities with a general administrative status and non-resource-based cities. This study offers policy insights for advancing ecological modernization in China.
Dietary inclusion of High Amylose Cornstarch Increased Cecal digesta Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and Decreased Streptococcus Genera of Weanling Pigs
Authors: Wellington Michael O. , Adams Seidu , Lee Jung W. , Agyekum Atta K. , Woyengo Tofuko A.
Published: February 2024

The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.2 kg) were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs/pen) and fed a common commercial diet for 7 days, followed by the experimental diets for 28 d, which contained either 0% or 40% CPCC with either 0% or 40% HA-starch. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen (n = 8) was selected and euthanized to collect cecal digesta for microbial and VFA composition analyses. The HA-starch increased (p < 0.001) acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, thereby increasing total VFA concentration (p < 0.001). There was a tendency for cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations to decrease when pigs were fed the 40% CPCC diet without HA-starch but increase when fed the 40% CPCC diet containing 40% HA-starch (CPCC x HA-starch effect; p = 0.09), indicating HA-starch can increase cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations in pigs fed a diet with high CPCC level. The proportions of Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter were high, whereas low proportions of Streptococcus genus were observed in the cecal microbiota of pigs fed diets containing 40% HA-starch. Also, pathways consistent with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and phosphate metabolism were enriched in pigs when the diet included 40% HA-starch. In summary, incorporating high amounts of HA-starch in a weanling pig diet containing high levels of CPCC may benefit gut health and digestive performance by enhancing the abundance of probiotic commensal bacteria, contributing to increased enzymatic activity and carbohydrate metabolism.
Keep Cool in a Changing Climate: An Integrated Modelling Procedure to Identify Cost-Effective, Spatially Differentiated Land-use and Land-cover Measures to Mitigate Rising Temperature in Rural Landscapes
Authors: Hecker Lutz Philip , Wätzold Frank , Sturm Astrid , Zimmermann Beate , Kruber Sarah , Hildmann Christian
Published: February 2024

Rising temperatures may negatively impact rural landscapes in temperate climates due to reduced yields in agriculture and forestry, an increased risk of biodiversity loss, changes in the local climate and a decrease in recreational value. One promising way to mitigate increasing land surface temperatures (LST) in rural landscapes is to implement land-use and land-cover measures as adaptation measures that retain precipitation in soils, water bodies, and groundwater to allow vegetation to evaporate more water to reduce LST in summer. We develop an integrated modelling procedure to identify cost-effective spatially differentiated adaptation measures in agriculture and forestry to mitigate LST increases. With cost-effective we mean that the LST mitigation in a landscape is maximised for given costs. The procedure combines the results of a model that predicts the spatially differentiated effects of adaptation measures on LST with the results of an economic model that estimates the respective spatially differentiated costs in an optimisation algorithm. We demonstrate how the procedure works by applying it to the Elbe-Elster-county in Germany. One result is that the introduction of agroforestry systems on cropland, reforestation and the conversion of tree plantations into ecological forest are most cost-effective in mitigating LST increases for costs of 20 Mio. €. We also compare results from our integrated modelling procedure with a (purely natural science) approach that selects those adaptation measures first which perform best in terms of LST mitigation and find that our approach leads to a better heat mitigating effect by a factor of 3.5 – 4.8.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review
Authors: Colina Adrian Noriega de la , Paytan Diego Bustamante , Mejía Angie Díaz , Orihuea Gianinna L. Sáenz , Mapelli Enrique Moncada , Salazar Leslie , Montesinos Rosa , Custodio Nilton
Published: February 2024

The worldwide prevalence of individuals living with dementia is on the rise and expected to reach 152.8 million people by 2050. This increase will affect disproportionately Low- and Middle Income Countries, which is already home to 60% of individuals living with dementia. Screening tools for early detection of mild cognitive impairment are crucial to provide patients with adequate diagnosis, timely interventions, and access to disease-modifying therapies. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most widely used tests for cognitive assessment of first line, but its uniform application across Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries is questionable due to cultural and linguistic differences, a higher prevalence of low educational achievement and socioeconomical disparities. This systematic review for validation of the MoCA in Spanish-speaking LAC countries identified fourteen studies but only included twelve based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed the articles for cultural adaptation and translation reports using the Manchester Cultural Adaptation Questionnaire and the Manchester Translation Reporting Questionnaire. Only two studies reported significant adaptations to the original MoCA, with one study providing detailed cultural and lexical rationale. The adaptation process assessment revealed limited reporting on the translation steps involved, with few studies detailing the original author's involvement, professional translation, pilot testing, or healthcare professional input. This systematic review suggests the use of suitable cutoff scores, educational level-based scoring adjustments, and cultural awareness are key for adequate screening using the MoCA in LAC Spanish-speaking countries.
PROSPERO Study registration number: CRD42023465794.
Reactive oxygen species suppress phagocyte surveillance by oxidizing cytoskeletal regulators
Authors: Grinstein Sergio , Ferling Iuliia , Pfalzgraf Steffen , Moutounet Lea , Qiu Lanhui , Li Iris , Zhou Yuhuan , Freeman Spencer
Published: February 2024

Despite their superficial similarities, the phagocytosis of pathogens differs from that of apoptotic cells in their recognition mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. While the initial stages of these processes have been studied, the cytoskeletal reorganization that follows particle uptake is not well understood. By comparing the uptake of phosphatidylserine (PS)-coated targets versus IgG-opsonized targets of identical size, shape, and rigidity, we noted remarkable differences in the accompanying changes in cell morphology, adhesion and migration that persisted long after phagocytosis. While myeloid cells continued to survey their microenvironment after engulfing PS-coated targets, the uptake of IgG-opsonized targets caused phagocytes to round up, decreased their membrane ruffling, and led to the complete disassembly of podosomes. These changes were associated with increased activation of Rho and a concomitant decrease of Rac activity that collectively resulted in the thickening and compaction of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. Rho/formin-induced actin polymers were fastened to the membrane by their preferential interaction with Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins, which were necessary for cell compaction and podosome disassembly following ingestion of IgG-coated particles. The source of the distinct responses to PS- versus IgG-targets was the differential activation of the respiratory burst mediated by the NADPH oxidase: reactive oxygen species (ROS), emanating from phagosomes containing IgG-opsonized targets – but not those containing PS-coated ones – directly led to the activation of Rho. Similar findings were made with phagocytes that encountered pathogens or microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPS) that instigate the activation of the NADPH oxidase. These results implicate a connection between sensing of harmful particulates, the oxidation of cytoskeletal regulators, and the immune surveillance by myeloid cells that have potentially important consequences for the containment of pathogens.
Cloning and functional characterization of the peptide deformylase encoding gene EuPDF1B from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv
Authors: Wang Yumei , Zhao De-Gang
Published: February 2024

In this study, we isolated the EuPDF1B from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The full-length sequence of EuPDF1B is 1176 bp with a poly-A tail, and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 831 bp that encodes a protein of 276 amino acids. EuPDF1B was localized to the chloroplast. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that this gene was expressed in almost all tissues tested, but mainly in mature leaves. Moreover, the expression of EuPDF1B was enhanced by ABA, MeJA and GA and inhibited by shading treatment. The expression pattern was further confirmed in EuPDF1Bp-1 transgenic tobacco lines. Among all the transgenic tobacco lines, EuPDF1Bp-3 showed the highest GUS histochemical staining and activity in different tissues. This difference may be related to the presence of enhancer elements in the region from − 891bp to -236bp of EuPDF1B promoter. In addition, the expression of the chloroplast gene psbA, the net photosynthetic rate and the growth rate of tobacco plants overexpressed with EuPDF1B were greater than those of the wild type, suggesting that EuPDF1B may promote the growth of transgenic tobacco plants. This is the first time that PDF and its promoter have been cloned from woody plants, laying a foundation for further analysis of the function of PDF and its expression regulation.
KRAS mutation-selective requirement for ACSS2 in colorectal adenoma formation.
Authors: Chernoff Jonathan , Budagyan Konstantin , Cannon Alexa , Chatoff Adam , Snyder Nathaniel , Kurimchak Alison , Duncan James
Published: February 2024

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. There is a substantial diversity of KRAS mutant alleles observed in CRC. Emerging clinical and experimental analysis of common KRAS mutations suggest that each mutation differently influences the clinical properties of a disease and response to therapy. Although there is some evidence to suggest biological differences between mutant KRAS alleles, these are yet to be fully elucidated. One approach to study allelic variation involves the use of isogenic cell lines that express different endogenous Kras mutants. Here, we generated Kras isogenic Apc-/- mouse colon epithelial cell lines using CRISPR-driven genome editing by altering the original G12D Kras allele to G12V, G12R, or G13D. We utilized these cell lines to perform transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to compare different signaling properties between these mutants. Both screens indicate significant differences in pathways relating to cholesterol and lipid regulation that we validated with targeted metabolomic measurements and isotope tracing. We found that these processes are upregulated in G12V lines through increased expression of nuclear SREBP1 and higher activation of mTORC1. G12V cells showed higher expression of ACSS2 and ACSS2 inhibition sensitized G12V cells to MEK inhibition. Finally, we found that ACSS2 plays a crucial role early in the development of G12V mutant tumors, in contrast to G12D mutant tumors. These observations highlight differences between KRAS mutant cell lines in their signaling properties. Further exploration of these pathways may prove to be valuable for understanding how specific KRAS mutants function, and identification of novel therapeutic opportunities in CRC.
Balancing Acts: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Exploration of Psychological Factors in Marital Conflict and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Majumder Pratham , Dorai D. Ramya , Gopinathan B. , Pal Arkita , Mozumder Azhar Hussain , Mallik Saurav , Ahmad Naim , Badawy Ahmed Said , Changalasetty Suresh Babu
Published: February 2024

Background: While long-lasting marriages are lauded for their positive impact on well-being, the reality is that 44% of couples globally face the challenge of divorce. This study addresses the crucial role of psycho-social interventions in alleviating severe depression arising from marital conflict.
Methods: Our comprehensive approach, combining subjective analysis, BDI-II, and Mental Status Examination, guides a structured intervention with rapport building, psycho-education, and tailored strategies.
Results: This led to significant improvements for our client: previously severely depressed, they now actively engage in professional activities, with depression levels, cognitive, somatic, and affective factors improving by 85.7%, 85.7%, 88.8%, and 80%, respectively. To further refine our approach, we employ Ordered Statistics and Pearson Correlation to identify critical vulnerable factors and Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) to objectively prioritize interventions.
Conclusion: This data-driven approach ensures the most effective interventions are chosen, maximizing the precision and efficacy of our study and paving the way for improved support for individuals struggling with marital conflict and depression.
Distance-depending transcriptome changes of pancreatic stellate cells in paracrine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma co-culture models
Authors: Zourelidis Anais , Trojanowicz Bogusz , Sunami Yoshiaki , Hause Gerd , Vieweg David , Kleeff Jörg
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are one source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and play, therefore, an essential role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Paracrine signalling between PDA cancer cells and CAF has been widely studied, yet external influences on paracrine crosstalk are poorly understood. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the communication of PSC and cancer cells under different co-culture conditions via analysis of PSC gene expression profiles. Two contactless co-culture models with tumor cells from the p48-Cre; lox-stop-lox-KrasG12D/+; lox-stop-lox-Trp53R172H/+ mouse model (KPC) and murine PSC separated through a microporous membrane and grown in different compartments (standard co-culture) or on different sides of the same membrane (inverse co-culture), were established. RNA-Sequencing analysis of PSC mRNA was performed 24 h and 72 h after co-culture with KPC cells. For selected genes, results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Standard co-culture displayed 19 differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 24 h and 52 DEG at 72 h. In inverse co-culture, 800 DEG at 24 h and 2213 DEG at 72 h were enriched. PSC showed great heterogeneity in their gene expression profiles; however, mutually regulated genes of both co-cultures, such as VCAN and CHST11, could be identified. VCAN-protein-protein interaction-network analysis revealed several shared genes between co-culture models, such as SDC4 and FN1. In conclusion, PSC show a varying susceptibility to cancer cell signals depending on the co-culture method, with intensified transcriptome changes with closer proximity.
Therapeutic role of curcumin on Beta Amyloid Protein, Biochemical and Oxidative changes in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes
Authors: Ermiş Mustafa , Ciftci Gülay
Published: February 2024

Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic diseases. It was aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of curcumin on Beta Amyloid Protein (TBAP), Biochemical and Oxidative changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.The study consisted of five groups (n = 8 rats per group): control, diabetic, curcumin, curcumin in diabetes induction, and curcumin after diabetes induction.In order to induce diabetes, a single dose of 45 mg/kg Streptozotocin was administered to the 2nd and 4th groups on the 1st day of the experiment and to the 5th group on the 28th day. Curcumin was administered to groups 3, 4 and 5 via oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 35 days. It was observed that blood sugar levels were close to each other in group 1 and group 3, but were high in the diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Streptozotocin and curcumin application to diabetic rats reduced the level of beta amyloid protein in the brain. It was determined that the effect of curcumin application on hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and kidney function activity tests was not significant. It was determined that curcumin had an effect on reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes and increasing antioxidant activity.
Some Coefficient of Inequility for Subclass Of holomorphic Functions
Authors: Al-shbeil Isra , RATH BISWAJIT , ALHEFTHI REEM K. , KRISHNA D. VAMSHEE , KUMAR K. SANJAY , ALI MAHAMANE SAMINOU
Published: February 2024

Since the early twentieth century, the investigation of bound fordeterminant of Hankel matrices in analytic univalent functions has been a focalpoint for mathematical research, providing a rich avenue for the exploration ofgeometric properties. Over the years, numerous researchers have striven to establishupper bounds for determinant of the third order Hankel matrix withinvarious subclasses of analytic univalent functions. While these efforts haveyielded valuable insights, the attainment of sharp bounds remained a challengeuntil Know et al. (2018) achieved an exact estimation of the fourth coefficientin the Carath´eodory class. In more recent developments, investigators haveleveraged this precise estimation of the fourth coefficient, alongside the welldefinedvalues of the second and third coefficients within the Carath´eodoryclass. This breakthrough has empowered them to delineate sharp bounds forthe third Hankel determinant in diverse subclasses of analytic univalent functions.This present study embarks on an exploration of upper bounds for thesecond-order Hankel determinant within the realm of analytic functions, subjectto the normalized conditions of f(0) = 0 and f′(0) = 1. We further extendour investigation to specific sub-classes of holomorphic functions, culminatingin the derivation of sharp bounds for a parameter of particular interest.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30C45, 30C50.
Site settlement patterns during MIS 3 in the Southeast of France. The lithic assemblages of two phases of occupation (levels 4.1 and 4.2) at the Abri du Maras
Authors: Moncel Marie-Hélène , Guillemot Pierre , Chacón M. Gema , Abrunhosa Ana , Richard Mailys , Fernandes Paul , Hardy Bruce , Allué Ethel , Pois Veronique
Published: February 2024

New excavations at the Abri du Maras have revealed a thick sequence over 250 ka old with evidence of recurrent human occupations, first in a vast cavity, then in a collapsed shelter. The upper part, with a high density of material, is dated to MIS 3 with two distinct phases of occupation under a shelter. The lithic component is composed mainly of flint cores, flakes and flake-tools, associated with local material in quartz, quartzite and basalt. Lithic refits and the faunal corpus indicate short-term occupations under a largely collapsed shelter. The comparison of the two occupation phases indicates common features in term of core technologies, with partial reduction sequences and a tool kit composed of large products brought to the site from a 30 km perimeter. Slight differences emerge from a statistic viewpoint, but also in terms of site activities, raw material collection and the spatial distribution of activities and material in the shelter. These include: (1) the predominance of reindeer in level 4.1 whereas there is a more diversified corpus of hunted herbivores in level 4.2, (2) the spatial distribution of the material indicates that the shelter was used in different ways, (3) the ratio of the use of Levallois core technology, of elongated products and flake-tools differs between the two levels, as does the average size of flint products. Finally, we discuss possible biases in order to define the actual status of the site.
Hounsfield unit values are useful for predicting early outcomes after acetabular fractures: A retrospective study
Authors: Ukai Taku , Tamaki Miyu , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: February 2024

Background
Acetabular fractures are among the most challenging orthopedic fractures, and a high total hip arthroplasty (THA) conversion rate has been reported in older patients with acetabular fractures. Bone quality is a poor prognostic factor after acetabular fractures and has been assessed using computed tomography (CT). However, the relation between Hounsfield unit (HU) values measured using CT and early acetabular fracture outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of Hounsfield units (HU) on early acetabular fracture outcomes.
Methods
Consecutive 50 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fractures were included. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The HU values of the fifth vertebral body and unaffected side of the femoral head were measured. The fracture type, radiological hip arthropathy, conversion to THA, and postoperative displacement were recorded.
Results
All the surgeries were performed by a single orthopedic surgeon. Forty patients were males and 10 were females. The mean patient age was 49.3 years. Twenty-seven hips had elementary fractures and 23 had associated fractures. The reduction quality using CT was as follows: anatomical, 13 hips; imperfect, 10 hips; and poor, 27 hips. Hip arthropathy was observed in 10 patients (10%), and one patient (2%) converted to THA. The unaffected femoral head HU values in elementary fractures (250.5 ± 50.5) was significantly higher than those in associated fractures (221.5 ± 48) (p < 0.047). Both the HU values of the fifth vertebral body and unaffected femoral head were significantly correlated with postoperative residual displacement gap and these values in patients with arthropathy were significantly lower than those without arthropathy. The cut-off value for predicting early arthropathy after an acetabular fracture was approximately 180.
Conclusion
The HU values were correlated with the fracture type, postoperative displacement gap, and early arthropathy after acetabular fractures and are clinically useful prognostic factors for early acetabular fracture outcomes.
Cross pollination and inflorescence branching in the presence of Mycoacterium canetti in Floral microbiome of Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. and Perry
Authors: Santhakumari Sreekala Gangappan , Sarojini Santhosh Ramachandran
Published: February 2024

Background
Plant associated microorganisms have role in growth and development of plant, prevent infestation by plant pathogens. Purticularly, floral biome influence nectar taste and scent chemistry, by which insects are attracted to visit flowers. Methyl p-anisate and methyl phenylacetate (jasmine-like odour) produced by mycobacteria present in floral parts of several plants moreover honeybees are able to sense the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genetic variants exists in highly self-pollinated Syzygium aromaticum which may occur only by cross pollination.
Results
A less nectar producing clove flower buds may be cross pollinated by the help of microbiome which has a Mycoacterium canetti as an abundant member. In the selected cultivars branching of inflorescence were observed may be due to as a consequence plant hormone elicited by the mycobacterium.
Conclusions
Mycoacterium canetti may help in cross pollination of plant and therby hereby helping genome diversity Keywords Syzygium aromaticum, Mycobacterium canetti, Floral biome, Pollination, genetic diversity
Using Large Language Models for Automated Grading of Student Writing about Science
Authors: Impey Chris , Wenger Matthew , Garuda Nikhil , Golchin Shahriar , Stamer Sarah
Published: February 2024

A challenge in teaching large classes for formal or informal learners is assessing writing. As a result, most large classes, especially in science, use objective assessment tools like multiple choice quizzes. The rapid maturation of AI has created the possibility of using large language models (LLMs) to assess student writing. An experiment was carried out using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to see if machine learning methods based on LLMs can rival peer grading for reliability and automation in evaluating short writing assignments on topics in astronomy. The audience was lifelong learners in three massive open online courses (MOOCs) offered through Coursera. However, the results should also be applicable to non-science majors in university settings. The data was answers from 120 students on 12 questions across the three courses. The LLM was fed with total grades, model answers, and rubrics from an instructor for all three questions. In addition to seeing how reliably the LLMs reproduced instructor grades, the LLMs were asked to generate their own rubrics. Overall, the LLMs were more reliable than peer grading, both in the aggregate and by individual student, and they came much closer to the instructor grades for all three of the online courses. GPT-4 generally outperformed GPT-3.5. The implication is that LLMs can be used for automated, reliable, and scalable grading of student science writing.