bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigar sobre los entornos educativos y abordar la problemática situación de la educación artística en secundaria
Authors: Huerta Ramón Ricard , Domínguez Ruiz Ricardo
Published: October 2015

Resumen: En este artículo se abre una reflexión sobre los docentes de educación artística y sus lugares. Por un lado se aborda, desde los postulados de la cultura visual, la calidad estética de los entornos educativos y su repercusión en las prácticas educativas, haciendo referencia a estudios recientes sobre este tema. Por otro lado se expone la situación en que la Ley Orgánica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la mejora de la calidad educativa (denominada popularmente como ley Wert, y abreviada como LOMCE) deja a la educación artística, relegándola en la mayoría de los cursos a la optatividad. Frente a ello iniciativas recientes vienen a reivindicar la importancia la educación artística en la etapa secundaria. Sirva de ejemplo el proyecto SECOND ROUND. Art i lluita als instituts valencians nacido a instancias del Instituto de Creatividad e Innovaciones Educativas (ICIE) de la Universitat de València (UV) que se llevará a cabo en los próximos dos años con la participación de doce institutos en diferentes poblaciones valencianas. En esta misma línea de actuación los primeros pasos del movimiento asociacionista ligado a la especialidad viene a reivindicar la necesaria presencia de la educación artística en los curriculums docentes y su visibilidad como colectivo. Por último se pone en valor la tarea de difusión de la investigación en la educación artística que esta revista ha asumido y se presentan los artículos aceptados para su publicación en este número.   Palabras clave: educación artística, investigación, arte, formación de docentes, educación secundaria.   Abstract: This article offers a reflection on the places where art classes are given. We analyze the aesthetic quality of educational environments and their impact on educational practices. We refer to recent studies published on this subject since the criteria of visual culture. On the other hand, we present the new situation of arts education in Spain with the Organic Law 8/2013, of 9 December, for the Improvement of Educational Quality (LOMCE).This law eliminates most of the supply of  art education relegating it to the optional subjects. A good example of initiatives in this regard is the project SECONDROUND. Art i lluita als instituts valencians. SECOND ROUND born at the request of the Institute of Creativity and Educational Innovation(ICIE) of the University of Valencia(UV). The project will take place over the next two years with the participation of twelve institutes in different Valencian towns. The drawing teacher is claiming the necessary presence of arts education in educational curriculums and claims its visibility as a collective. Finally values the task of dissemination of research in art education that this magazine has assumed. We present the articles accepted for publication in this issue.   Keywords: Art Education, Research, Art, Training Teachers, Secondary School.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.6.6887
Kyrle Disease
Authors: Bodman Myron , Ehredt Jr Duane , Barker Robert , Kirkland Amity , Mude Priyanka
Published: October 2015

We report two cases of biopsy-confirmed Kyrle disease. Kyrle disease is one of the perforating dermatoses associated with diabetic patients undergoing renal dialysis. In this report, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features, the differential diagnoses, and successful treatment of this unusual disorder.
INTRANET DO GRUPO COPREL: USOS E AVALIAÇÕES
Authors: Scheffler Marcela Prass , Iser Fabiana
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa empírica realizada em um grupo de empresas que recentemente implantou uma ferramenta online de comunicação interna, chamada Intranet. O objetivo foi realizar uma análise da comunicação organizacional a partir de entrevistas com os colaboradores, para avaliar a utilização da ferramenta, bem como das demais ações/meios de comunicação interna. Contatou-se a existência de problemas de comunicação interna, bem como, os aspectos de dificuldade na implantação efetiva da ferramenta Intranet. Também foi possível avaliar quais ações de comunicação tem trazido resultados positivos à organização, fornecendo subsídios para o planejamento de estratégias de comunicação interna que auxiliem na integração dos colaboradores entre si e com a empresa, o que é fundamental para o sucesso de uma organização.
Microscopic Investigation of Protein Function in C. elegans Using Fluorescent Imaging
Authors: Luke Cliff J. , O'Reilly Linda P.
Published: October 2015

Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model organism for studying human biology and disease due to its surprisingly high genetic homology to Homo sapiens. Its genetic amenability, small size, short generation time, and transparent body make it an ideal organism for multiple scientific disciplines. Fluorescent microscopy is essential for studying protein biological function. However, C. elegans, mainly due to its high motility, has been more difficult to adapt to fluorescence imaging, especially live‐imaging. We present here several protocols for the study of protein location, function and dynamics in context of a whole animal. These protocols, especially when combined with existing genetic procedures, can yield a great deal of insight in the physiological roles of proteins in C. elegans, which can be directly translated into mammalian systems. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vivo Immuno‐Spin Trapping: Imaging the Footprints of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Khoo Nicholas K.H. , Cantu‐Medellin Nadiezhda , St. Croix Claudette , Kelley Eric E.
Published: October 2015

A plethora of disease processes are associated with elevated reactive species formation and allied reactions with biomolecules that alter cell signaling, induce overt damage, and promote dysfunction of tissues. Unfortunately, effective detection of reactive species in tissues is wrought with issues that significantly limit capacity for validating species identity, establishing accurate concentrations, and identifying anatomic sites of production. These shortcomings reveal the pressing need for new approaches to more precisely assess reactive species generation in vivo. Herein, we describe an in vivo immuno‐spin trapping method for indirectly assessing oxidant levels by detecting free radicals resulting from reaction of oxidants with biomolecules to form stable, immunologically detectable nitrone‐biomolecular adducts. This process couples the reactivity and sensitivity of an electron paramagnetic resonance spin trap with the resolution of confocal imaging to visualize the extent of cell and tissue oxidation and anatomic sites of production by detecting resultant free radical formation. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of bubble plume distributions to evaluate methane hydrate decomposition on the continental slope
Authors: Johnson H. Paul , Miller Una K. , Salmi Marie S. , Solomon Evan A.
Published: October 2015

Cascadia margin sediments contain a rich reservoir of carbon derived both from terrestrial input and sea surface productivity. A portion of this carbon exists as solid gas hydrate within sediment pore spaces which previous studies have shown to be a methane reservoir of substantial size on both the Vancouver Island and Oregon portions of the Cascadia margin. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles on the Cascadia margin show the widespread presence of Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) within the sediment column, indicating the gas hydrate reservoir extends from the deformation front at 3000 m depth to the upper limit of gas hydrate stability near 500 m water depth. In this study, we compile an inventory of methane bubble plume sites on the Cascadia margin identified in investigations carried out for a range of interdisciplinary goals that also include sites volunteered by commercial fishermen. High plume density anomalies are associated with both the continental shelf (<180 m) and the depth of the upper limit of methane hydrate stability depth (MHSD) that occurs near 500 m in the NE Pacific. The observed anomalies on the Cascadia slope may be due to the warming of seawater at intermediate depths, suggesting that modern climate change has begun to destabilize the climate‐sensitive hydrate reservoir within the Cascadia margin sediments. Reanalysis of similar plume images on the North American Atlantic slope suggests a lack of correlation between observed plume depths and the MHSD for much of the latitudinal range.
Modeling the effects of ionospheric oxygen outflow on bursty magnetotail flows
Authors: Garcia‐Sage K. , Moore T. E. , Pembroke A. , Merkin V. G. , Hughes W. J.
Published: October 2015

Using a global multifluid MHD model, we demonstrate the effects of magnetospheric O+ on bursty magnetotail flows. We carry out two simulations without ionospheric outflow to use as baseline, one driven by real solar wind data and one driven by idealized solar wind. Solar wind data from 1 October 2001 are used as a storm time solar wind driver. During this event, the plasma sheet was observed to be rich in O+, making the event of interest for a model analysis of the effects of ionospheric origin O+ on magnetospheric dynamics. We carry out outflow comparison simulations for both the realistic and idealized solar wind drivers using a simple empirical model that places auroral outflow in regions where downward propagating Poynting flux and electron precipitation are present, combined with a low‐flux thermal energy O+ outflow over the entire polar region. We demonstrate the effects of O+ on magnetotail structure and the occurrence rate and strength of bursty, fast earthward flows. The addition of O+ to the magnetotail stretches the tail and increases the velocity of bursty earthward flows. This increase is shown to be produced by reconnection events in an extended current sheet created by tail stretching.
Estimating diffusivity from the mixed layer heat and salt balances in the North Pacific
Authors: Cronin Meghan F. , Pelland Noel A. , Emerson Steven R. , Crawford William R.
Published: October 2015

Data from two National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) surface moorings in the North Pacific, in combination with data from satellite, Argo floats and glider (when available), are used to evaluate the residual diffusive flux of heat across the base of the mixed layer from the surface mixed layer heat budget. The diffusion coefficient (i.e., diffusivity) is then computed by dividing the diffusive flux by the temperature gradient in the 20 m transition layer just below the base of the mixed layer. At Station Papa in the NE Pacific subpolar gyre, this diffusivity is 1 × 10−4 m2/s during summer, increasing to ∼3 × 10−4 m2/s during fall. During late winter and early spring, diffusivity has large errors. At other times, diffusivity computed from the mixed layer salt budget at Papa correlate with those from the heat budget, giving confidence that the results are robust for all seasons except late winter‐early spring and can be used for other tracers. In comparison, at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) in the NW Pacific subtropical recirculation gyre, somewhat larger diffusivities are found based upon the mixed layer heat budget: ∼ 3 × 10−4 m2/s during the warm season and more than an order of magnitude larger during the winter, although again, wintertime errors are large. These larger values at KEO appear to be due to the increased turbulence associated with the summertime typhoons, and weaker wintertime stratification.
Binary robust adaptive control with monitoring functions for systems under unknown high‐frequency‐gain sign, parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Roux , Peixoto Alessandro Jacoud , Nunes Eduardo V. L.
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we propose an adaptive output‐feedback controller for uncertain linear systems without a priori knowledge of the plant high‐frequency‐gain sign. To deal with parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics, we consider a robust adaptive strategy named binary model reference adaptive control, which has the good transient properties and robustness of sliding mode control with the important advantage of having a continuous control signal free of chattering. The effective way of tackling unknown high‐frequency‐gain sign is employing monitoring functions. The developed adaptive control guarantees global exponential stability of the closed‐loop error system with respect to a compact residual set. Moreover, in the absence of unmodeled dynamics, exact tracking of a reference signal can be achieved. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Porous Alginate Hydrogels by Sacrificial CaCO3 Templates: Pore Formation Mechanism
Authors: Sergeeva Alena , Feoktistova Natalia , Prokopovic Vladimir , Gorin Dmitry , Volodkin Dmitry
Published: October 2015

Fabrication of porous alginate hydrogels with a well‐controlled architecture useful for tissue engineering is still a challenge. Here, CaCO3‐based templating is utilized to design stable alginate gels with controlled pore dimensions in the range of 5–50 μm. The mechanism of pore formation is studied considering two factors affecting the pore size: i) osmotic pressure generated during the dissolution of sacrificial CaCO3 templates and ii) alginate gel network density. Osmotic pressure can achieve an upper limit of 100 MPa but does not affect the gel porosity. Additional osmotic pressure (range of kPa) induced by dextrans pre‐encapsulated into CaCO3 vaterite is also insufficient for pore enlargement. Pore stability depends merely on the gel network density and on the number of crosslinking calcium ions provided locally per unit time; pores are collapsed when template dissolution is too slow or if there is insufficient alginate concentration (below 2%). Young's modulus indicates the soft nature of the prepared hydrogels (tens of kPa) applicable as soft porous scaffolds with a tuned internal structure.
Structural and Optical Modifications in Polyvinyl Alcohol Due to Cr2O3 Nanoparticles Additives Concentration, and Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Nouh S. A. , Abdel‐Kader M. H. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr
Published: October 2015

Nanosized chromium oxide Cr2O3 was prepared and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce nanocomposite films. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy were performed to study the crystallinity and size of nano‐Cr2O3. Based on the results, the average particle size of the Cr2O3 was found to be 29 nm. The effects of nanosized chromium oxide Cr2O3 concentration and gamma dose on the structural and optical properties of PVA have been studied. The resultant effect of Cr2O3 concentration on the properties of PVA has been investigated using XRD and UV spectroscopy. The results reveal that the addition of Cr2O3 to PVA up to 0.80% leads to a more compact structure of PVA, resulted in an improvement in the isotropic nature of the polymer samples due to the increase in the refractive index. In addition, the effect of gamma irradiation on the 0.50% Cr2O3/PVA nanocomposite has been investigated. Samples from the 0.50% Cr2O3 nanocomposite were irradiated with gamma doses in the range 200–1 kGy. It is found that the irradiation in the dose range 200–800 Gy causes cross‐linking that increases the amorphous regions and gives polymer resilience.
Janus Separator of Polypropylene‐Supported Cellular Graphene Framework for Sulfur Cathodes with High Utilization in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Peng Hong‐Jie , Wang Dai‐Wei , Huang Jia‐Qi , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Yuan Zhe , Wei Fei , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2015

Owing to the conversion chemistry of the sulfur cathode, the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries exhibit high theoretical energy density. However, the intrinsic mobile redox centers during the sulfur/Li2S‐to‐lithium polysulfides solid‐to‐liquid phase transition induce low sulfur utilization and poor cycling life. Herein, the Janus separator of mesoporous cellular graphene framework (CGF)/polypropylene membrane to promote the utilization of sulfur cathode is introduced. The porous polypropylene membrane serves as an insulating substrate in contact with lithium anode while CGFs that possess high electrical conductivity of 100 S cm−1, a large mesopore volume of 3.1 cm3 g−1, and a huge surface area of 2120 m2 g−1 are adhered on cathode side to reactivate the shuttling‐back polysulfides and to preserve the ion channels. Therefore, the Li–S cell with the “two‐face” CGF Janus separator exhibit a high initial capacity of 1109 mAh g−1 and superior capacity preserved upon 800 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C, which is 40% higher on sulfur utilization efficiency than the corresponding results with routine polypropylene separators. There are significant improvements on capacity as well as electrochemical kinetics. A very high areal capacity of 5.5 mAh cm−2 combined with high sulfur content of 80% and areal loading amount of 5.3 mg cm−2 is achieved for such advanced configuration. The negative impact of shuttle mechanism on lowering the utilization of sulfur and overall energy density of a Li–S battery is well eliminated by applying CGF separators. Consequently, employing carbonaceous materials as Janus face of separators enlightens new opportunities for improving the utilization of active materials and energy density of devices that involve complex phase evolution and conversion electrochemistry.
Classical Amphiphilic Behavior of Nonclassical Amphiphiles: A Comparison of Metallacarborane Self‐Assembly with SDS Micellization
Authors: Uchman Mariusz , Ďorďovič Vladimír , Tošner Zdeněk , Matějíček Pavel
Published: October 2015

The self‐assembly of metallacarboranes, a peculiar family of compounds exhibiting surface activity and resembling molecular‐scale Pickering stabilizers, has been investigated by comparison to the micellization of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). These studies have shown that molecules without classical amphiphilic topology but with an inherent amphiphilic nature can behave similarly to classical surfactants. As shown by NMR techniques, the self‐assembly of both metallacarboranes and SDS obey a closed association model. However, the aggregation of metallacarboranes is found to be enthalpy‐driven, which is very unusual for classical surfactants. Possible explanations of this fact are outlined.
The Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers: Ten Years After
Authors: Donslund Bjarke S. , Johansen Tore Kiilerich , Poulsen Pernille H. , Halskov Kim Søholm , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2015

Asymmetric organocatalysis has experienced an incredible development since the beginning of this century. The expansion of the field has led to a large number of efficient types of catalysts. One group, the diarylprolinol silyl ethers, was introduced in 2005 and has been established as one of the most frequently used in aminocatalysis. In this Minireview, we will take a look in the rear‐view mirror, ten years after the introduction of the diarylprolinol silyl ethers. We will focus on the perspectives of the different activation modes made available by this catalytic system. Starting with a short introduction to aminocatalysis, we will outline the properties that have made the diarylprolinol silyl ethers a common choice of catalyst. Furthermore, we will describe the major tendencies in the activation and reaction concepts developed with regard to reactivity patterns and combinations with other activation concepts.
Mesoporous Fluorinated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Adsorption of Fluorocarbons and CFCs
Authors: Chen Teng‐Hao , Popov Ilya , Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Jacobson Allan J. , Miljanić Ognjen Š.
Published: October 2015

Two mesoporous fluorinated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized from extensively fluorinated tritopic carboxylate‐ and tetrazolate‐based ligands. The tetrazolate‐based framework MOFF‐5 has an accessible surface area of 2445 m2 g−1, the highest among fluorinated MOFs. Crystals of MOFF‐5 adsorb hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—the latter two being ozone‐depleting substances and potent greenhouse species—with weight capacities of up to 225 %. The material exhibits an apparent preference for the adsorption of non‐spherical molecules, binding unusually low amounts of both tetrafluoromethane and sulfur hexafluoride.
Synthesis of curing agent for epoxy resin based on halogenophosphazene
Authors: Zarybnicka Lucie , Bacovska Radka , Vecera Miroslav , Snuparek Jaromir , Alberti Milan , Rychly Jozef , Kalenda Petr
Published: October 2015

Epoxy resins are, due to their excellent properties (such as chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and heat resistence), widely used in practice. The basic principle of curing epoxy resins with a hardener containing multiple amino groups is the crosslinking reaction between active hydrogen atoms in the hardener and the oxirane groups in the epoxy resin. This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of hexachloro‐cyclo‐triphosphazene derivative and its subsequent use for curing epoxy resins. The new hardener was prepared from hexachloro‐cyclo‐triphosphazene by nucleophilic substitution with isophorone diamine and its curing capability was compared with original isophorone diamine. The prepared derivative hexaisophorone diamino‐cyclo‐triphosphazene (HICTP) provided advantages over conventional curing system, as it improved mechanical properties as well as the flame resistance. Testing of the cured epoxy resin during burning was carried out using dual cone calorimeter, which enables more extensive monitoring of parameters in comparison with testing using oxygen index that has been used in many publications. The epoxy resin cured with the prepared phosphorus containing HICTP exhibits lower values for total heat release, amount of smoke released and oxygen consumed, which may cause a slower flame spread. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42917.
Dental Maturation, Eruption, and Gingival Emergence in the Upper Jaw of Newborn Primates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Jankord Kathryn D. , Progar Abbigal J. , Bonar Christopher J. , Evans Sian , Williams Lawrence , Vinyard Christopher J. , Deleon Valerie B.
Published: October 2015

In this report we provide data on dental eruption and tooth germ maturation at birth in a large sample constituting the broadest array of non‐human primates studied to date. Over 100 perinatal primates, obtained from natural captive deaths, were screened for characteristics indicating premature birth, and were subsequently studied using a combination of histology and micro‐CT. Results reveal one probable unifying characteristic of living primates: relatively advanced maturation of deciduous teeth and M1 at birth. Beyond this, there is great diversity in the status of tooth eruption and maturation (dental stage) in the newborn primate. Contrasting strategies in producing a masticatory battery are already apparent at birth in strepsirrhines and anthropoids. Results show that dental maturation and eruption schedules are potentially independently co‐opted as different strategies for attaining feeding independence. The most common strategy in strepsirrhines is accelerating eruption and the maturation of the permanent dentition, including replacement teeth. Anthropoids, with only few exceptions, accelerate mineralization of the deciduous teeth, while delaying development of all permanent teeth except M1. These results also show that no living primate resembles the altricial tree shrew (Tupaia) in dental development. Our preliminary observations suggest that ecological explanations, such as diet, provide an explanation for certain morphological variations at birth. These results confirm previous work on perinatal indriids indicating that these and other primates telegraph their feeding adaptations well before masticatory anatomy is functional. Quantitative analyses are required to decipher specific dietary and other influences on dental size and maturation in the newborn primate. Anat Rec, 298:2098–2131, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Emerging Technologies
Authors: Nestor Michael W. , Phillips Andre W. , Artimovich Elena , Nestor Jonathan E. , Hussman John P. , Blatt Gene J.
Published: October 2015

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental condition. Symptoms of ASD cover the spectrum from mild qualitative differences in social interaction to severe communication and social and behavioral challenges that require lifelong support. Attempts at understanding the pathophysiology of ASD have been hampered by a multifactorial etiology that stretches the limits of current behavioral and cell based models. Recent progress has implicated numerous autism‐risk genes but efforts to gain a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms have seen slow progress. This is in part due to lack of appropriate models for complete molecular and pharmacological studies. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has reinvigorated efforts to establish more complete model systems that more reliably identify molecular pathways and predict effective drug targets and candidates in ASD. iPSCs are particularly appealing because they can be derived from human patients and controls for research purposes and provide a technology for the development of a personalized treatment regimen for ASD patients. The pluripotency of iPSCs allow them to be reprogrammed into a number of CNS cell types and phenotypically screened across many patients. This quality is already being exploited in protocols to generate 2‐dimensional (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) models of neurons and developing brain structures. iPSC models make powerful platforms that can be interrogated using electrophysiology, gene expression studies, and other cell‐based quantitative assays. iPSC technology has limitations but when combined with other model systems has great potential for helping define the underlying pathophysiology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 513–535. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tragfähigkeit und Verformungsverhalten druckbeanspruchter Blattverbindungen
Authors: Meisel Andreas , Wallner Bernhard , Schickhofer Gerhard
Published: October 2015

Blätter für Winkel‐ und Kreuzverbindungen sind wesentliche Bestandteile vieler zimmermannsmäßig errichteter Holztragwerke in Mitteleuropa. Die Anwendung dieser Verbindungen als statisch tragende Anschlüsse nach EN 1995‐1‐1 bedarf der Kenntnis ihrer Tragfähigkeit und ihres Verformungsverhaltens. In der Normung und Literatur fehlen hierzu Angaben.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden daher die Tragfähigkeit und das Verformungsverhalten von druckbeanspruchten Blättern (Winkelverbindungen, hier: Weißschwänze und Überblattungen) behandelt. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse von 92 zerstörenden Prüfungen werden vorgestellt. Sowohl für die Bemessung dieser Verbindungen als auch für die Ermittlung der Federsteifigkeiten werden Berechnungsvorschläge angeführt.

Load‐bearing capacity and load‐bearing behaviour of lap joints loaded in compression

Angle and cross joints using laps are important members of a lot of roof structures erected by carpenters in central europe. The structural usage of these joints demands the knowledge of their load‐bearing capacity and behaviour according to EN 1995‐1‐1. Therefore codes and literature lack information.

This contribution deals with the load‐bearing capacity and behaviour of lap joints (as angle joints, here: dovetail lap joints and halved joints) loaded in compression. 92 tests were performed and analysed. Both proposals for the design and for the determination of the stiffnesses of these joints are given here.
Studie zur aktuellen Situation des Nachhaltigkeitsverständnisses in Bauunternehmen
Authors: Hofmann Sascha , Wicke Dorina , C̆adez̆ Ivan
Published: October 2015

Das Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis der deutschen Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft konzentriert sich insbesondere auf das Gebäude und dessen Lebenszyklus. Als Entscheidungskriterium für die Auftragsvergabe von Bauleistungen sowie in den Geschäftsprozessen von Bauunternehmen ist Nachhaltigkeit bisher nicht von Bedeutung. Für die gesamtgesellschaftliche Nachhaltigkeitsentwicklung ist jedoch das Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis auch auf die Unternehmensebene auszuweiten. Unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeit beinhaltet die gleichrangige Berücksichtigung ökologischer, ökonomischer und soziokultureller Aspekte in den Geschäftsprozessen.

Wesentliche Ergebnisse der Studie sind, dass Nachhaltigkeit als Bestandteil der Unternehmensphilosophie und des strategischen Managements in Bauunternehmen gesehen, jedoch unterschiedlich umgesetzt wird. Bei der Umsetzung stehen soziokulturelle und ökologische Maßnahmen im Vordergrund; die ökonomische Bedeutung von Nachhaltigkeit als Wettbewerbsfaktor ist dagegen weniger ausgeprägt. Unternehmerischen und idealistischen Motiven für die Umsetzung der Nachhaltigkeit in Bauunternehmen stehen insbesondere hohe Kosten und ein hoher Personalaufwand sowie fehlende Kenntnisse über die Umsetzung und den Nutzen als wesentliche Hemmnisse gegenüber. Zur Steigerung des unternehmerischen Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstseins sollten daher sowohl die Verbesserung von Transparenz und Wissensvermittlung als auch die Entwicklung von geeigneten Instrumenten und Handlungsanweisungen angestrebt werden.

Survey of sustainability in construction companies

Sustainability in German construction mainly focuses on the building and its lifecycle. For a holistic sustainability approach corporate sustainability has to be considered in addition. This means implementation of environmental, social and economic aspects in business processes. Currently sustainability mainly remains unconsidered in construction companies in general as well as a decision criterion in construction tendering in specific.

The study reveals that corporate sustainability is gaining more and more importance in German construction industry but is operated in different ways. However, operational implementation mainly focuses on environmental and social aspects. Economic aspects as a competitive advantage remain unattended. Idealistic and corporate drivers for implementing sustainability in construction companies are opposed to barriers as limited capital and personal capacities as well as missing understanding. In order to improve a holistic sustainability approach increasing transparency, further understanding of corporate sustainability and appropriate measures for implementing and assessing corporate sustainability are of prime importance.
Konzentrierte Innovation: Die Regenbrücke Stefling als Stabbogenbrücke aus Beton
Authors: Stetter Hans , Hentschinski Stefan , Fritsche Thomas
Published: October 2015

Die Regenbrücke Stefling ist als Beton‐Stabbogenbrücke ein neuer, moderner Brückentyp. Besonders hervorzuheben ist neben guten gestalterischen Elementen die Kombination verschiedener optimierter Bauweisen und Konstruktionsdetails, die zu einem Querschnitt führen, der eine äußerst geringe Bauhöhe aufweist. Hauptmerkmale sind hier der Werkstoff Beton anstelle von Stahl für den Stabbogen, der Einsatz verbundloser Vorspannung und die Ausbildung der Hänger als Netzwerk. Zusätzlich ist dieser Brückentyp in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht äußerst konkurrenzfähig. Dies wurde an der Regenbrücke Stefling bestätigt.

Innovation concentrated – Regenbrücke Stefling: a tied arch bridge in concrete

The Regenbrücke Stefling is a new and modern bridge structure of tied arch bridges in concrete. Particularly there is to be emphasised beside good formative elements the combination of different optimised construction methods and construction details which induce a cross section which shows an extremely low construction height. Main characteristics are the material concrete in place of steel for the tied arch, the application of internal unbonded prestressing and the construction of the hangers as a network. In addition, this type of bridge is extremely competitive in economic regard. This was confirmed by the Regenbrücke Stefling.
Gradientenbeton – Numerische Entwurfsmethoden und experimentelle Untersuchung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Sobek Werner
Published: October 2015

Die Gradierung von Betonbauteilen durch eine kontinuierliche Veränderung von Materialeigenschaften wie Porosität, Festigkeit oder Steifigkeit in bis zu drei Raumrichtungen ermöglicht eine Anpassung des Bauteilinneren an das vorherrschende statische oder bauphysikalische Anforderungsprofil. Diese Anpassung kann zur Massenminimierung und zur Erzielung multifunktionaler Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden. Numerische Entwurfsmethoden liefern das Gradientenlayout, welches als digitaler Bauplan für diese Bauteile dient.

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Versuche an gradierten Balken im Originalmaßstab beschrieben. Sie erlauben eine Aussage über das Tragverhalten sowie das Masseneinsparpotenzial gradierter Betonbauteile im Vergleich zu Bauteilen aus Normalbeton. Anschließend werden die Versuchsergebnisse mithilfe numerischer Simulationen nachvollzogen. Die so kalibrierten Modelle bilden die Ausgangsbasis für die Entwicklung numerischer Entwurfsmethoden, die auf einem Topologieoptimierungsansatz basieren.

Functionally Graded Concrete – Numerical Design Methods and experimental studies on mass minimized components

Functional gradation of precast elements makes it possible to align the internal composition of structural components with the specified structural and thermal performance requirements by continuously altering the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multi‐functional properties. Numerical design methods are used to develop the gradation layout that serves as a digital blueprint for such components.

This paper describes true‐to‐scale tests performed on functionally graded beams. These tests make it possible to derive conclusions with respect to the elements' structural behaviour as well as weight savings that can potentially be achieved compared to structural components made from normal concrete. Test results are subsequently replicated by numerical simulations. The models calibrated in this step establish the basis to develop numerical design methods that rely on the principle of topology optimization.
Mechanism‐Based Trapping of the Quinonoid Intermediate by Using the K276R Mutant of PLP‐Dependent 3‐Aminobenzoate Synthase PctV in the Biosynthesis of Pactamycin
Authors: Hirayama Akane , Miyanaga Akimasa , Kudo Fumitaka , Eguchi Tadashi
Published: October 2015

Mutational analysis of the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme PctV was carried out to elucidate the multi‐step reaction mechanism for the formation of 3‐aminobenzoate (3‐ABA) from 3‐dehydroshikimate (3‐DSA). Introduction of mutation K276R led to the accumulation of a quinonoid intermediate with an absorption maximum at 580 nm after the reaction of pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate (PMP) with 3‐DSA. The chemical structure of this intermediate was supported by X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the complex formed between the K276R mutant and the quinonoid intermediate. These results clearly show that a quinonoid intermediate is involved in the formation of 3‐ABA. They also indicate that Lys276 (in the active site of PctV) plays multiple roles, including acid/base catalysis during the dehydration reaction of the quinonoid intermediate.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for native aortic valve regurgitation as a bridge to liver transplantation
Authors: Cabasa Alduz S. , Eleid Mackram F. , Suri Rakesh M.
Published: October 2015

Coexistence of end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and severe valvular heart disease conveyed substantial risk for patients, oftentimes leading to exclusion from liver transplantation candidacy due to inability to safely offer cardiac surgery prior to transplantation. Several approaches have been described, including performing transplantation and valve surgery concurrently, or in sequence. Both options, however, have associated complications: catastrophic repercussion of peri‐operative coagulopathy and organ dysfunction post‐transplantation, respectively. The introduction of transcatheter procedures offered a safer alternative for high‐risk patients; however, its recognized indications remained limited. A novel approach to this surgical dilemma by performing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe native aortic valve regurgitation in a patient on the liver transplant list has been presented. The procedure proved to be an effective management for the aortic valve insufficiency, improving our patient's hemodynamics in preparation for the subsequent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to HCOOH Using Pd‐polyaniline/CNT Nanohybrids Prepared in Situ
Authors: Zhao Chenchen , Yin Zhongshu , Wang Jianlong
Published: October 2015

Palladium has been proved to be an effective catalyst for CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. In this paper, nanostructured Pd particles fixed on polyaniline‐covered MWNTs surfaces (Pd‐PANI/CNT) were synthesized using an in situ method by reducing H2PdCl4 in a mixture of MWNTs and aniline with sodium citrate as protective stabilizer. TEM micrographs indicate that the addition of sodium citrate optimizes the size and distribution of the nanoparticles. In a 3‐electrode system, both catalysts exhibit efficient and sustainable CO2 conversion towards formate but the one with sodium citrate addition is even better. The highest faradaic efficiency happens at −0.8 V vs. SCE and can be as high as 83 %. Based on the experiments, we put forward a mechanism of Pd‐catalyzed CO2 electroreduction in aqueous solution in which Pd forms a PdHx hybrid that is involved in the reduction process with Pd.
Influence of the Homopolar Dihydrogen Bonding CH⋅⋅⋅HC on Coordination Geometry: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Babashkina Maria G. , Robeyns Koen , Mitoraj Mariusz P. , Kubisiak Piotr , Garcia Yann
Published: October 2015

The reaction of the N‐thiophosphorylated thiourea (HOCH2)(Me)2CNHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2(HL), deprotonated by the thiophosphorylamide group, with NiCl2leads to green needles of the pseudotetrahedral complex [Ni(L‐1,5‐S,S′)2]⋅0.5 (n‐C6H14) or pale green blocks of thetranssquare‐planar complextrans‐[Ni(L‐1,5‐S,S′)2]. The former complex is stabilized by homopolar dihydrogen CH⋅⋅⋅HC interactions formed byn‐hexane solvent molecules with the [Ni(L‐1,5‐S,S′)2] unit. Furthermore, the dispersion‐dominated CH⋅⋅⋅ HC interactions are, together with other noncovalent interactions (CH⋅⋅⋅N, CH⋅⋅⋅Ni, CH⋅⋅⋅S), responsible for pseudotetrahedral coordination around the NiIIcenter in [Ni(L‐1,5‐S,S′)2]⋅0.5 (n‐C6H14).
ChemInform Abstract: The Gallides SrRh2Ga2, SrIr2Ga2, and Sr3Ir4Ga4.
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Schubert Lea , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2015

The title gallides are prepared from the elements by induction melting and subsequent annealing (Ta ampules, 800 mbar Ar, 873—1073 K, 4 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Structure Determination of an Unusual Sulfide Telluride Through an Effective Combination of TEM and Synchrotron Microdiffraction.
Authors: Fahrnbauer Felix , Rosenthal Tobias , Schmutzler Tilo , Wagner Gerald , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Wright Jonathan P. , Oeckler Oliver
Published: October 2015

Polycrystalline Pb8Sb8S15Te5 is prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of the elements (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Persistent Luminescence of Tenebrescent Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2: Multifunctional Optical Markers.
Authors: Norrbo Isabella , Gluchowski Pawel , Paturi Petriina , Sinkkonen Jari , Lastusaari Mika
Published: October 2015

Hackmanite Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2 samples are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of zeolite A, NaCl, and Na2SO4 (850 °C, 2 h, 12% H2/N2).
ChemInform Abstract: All Metal Nitrides Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors.
Authors: Fan Hong Jin , et al.
Published: October 2015

TiN porous layers and Fe2N nanoparticles are grown on vertically aligned graphene nanosheets by atomic layer deposition and used as the cathode and anode for asymmetric solid‐state supercapacitors, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Links Between the Crystal and Electronic Structure in the New Family of Unconventional Superconductors A2Cr3As3 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric
Published: October 2015

The electronic structure of the title family of superconductors is examined by numerical atomic orbital DFT calculations as implemented in the SIESTA code using the generalized gradient approximation to DFT and the functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof.
ChemInform Abstract: Gradual Cerium Valence Change in the Solid Solution CeRu1‐xPdxAl (x = 0.1‐0.9).
Authors: Niehaus Oliver , Janka Oliver
Published: October 2015

The title solid solution is prepared from the elements by arc‐melting and subsequent annealing (800 mbar Ar, 920 K, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Performance Polyoxometalate‐Based Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Chen Jia‐Jia , Symes Mark D. , Fan Shao‐Cong , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Miras Haralampos N. , Dong Quan‐Feng , Cronin Leroy
Published: October 2015

Li7[V15O36(CO3)] is prepared by an adapted literature procedure with an optimized dehydration temperature of 200 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis and Structure of a New Layered Zirconium Phosphate.
Authors: Smeets Stef , Liu Lei , Dong Jinxiang , McCusker Lynne B.
Published: October 2015

The new title compound (Hpy)1.77(HEtpy)1.62 [Zr6P6O28F2 (H2O)4] (Etpy: N‐ethylpyridinium) is prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of EtpyBr as both the solvent and the template, ZrOCl2H3PO4, and HF (autoclave, 180 °C, 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Structures, and Properties of the Complex Borides, LaOs2Al2B and La2Os2AlB2.
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Han Fei , Im Jino , Chung Duck Young , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of the new compounds LaOs2Al2B (I) and La2Os2AlB2 (II) are grown from stoichiometric amounts of the elements in a La/Ni eutectic flux (alumina crucible covered with quartz wool in evacuated silica tubes, 1000 °C, 12 h; cooling from 850 to 650 °C within 84 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and anti‐Diastereoselective Catalytic Intermolecular Glyoxylate—Ene Reactions: Effect of the Geometrical Isomers of Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Min , Ding Ran , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2015

An efficient method for the highly dia‐ and enantioselective synthesis of anti‐homoallylic alcohols via an In(III)‐catalyzed intermolecular glyoxylate‐ene reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic, Asymmetric Eliminative [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allylidene Malononitriles with Enals: Rapid Entry to Cyclohexadiene‐Embedding Linear and Angular Polycycles.
Authors: Rassu Gloria , et al.
Published: October 2015

Densely substituted polycyclic carbaldehydes containing fused cyclohexadiene rings are synthesized in a chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidato Complexes of Ruthenium, Rhodium and Iridium from Concise N—H Bond Activation: Exploration in Catalysis.
Authors: Romero R. Martin , Fra Laura , Lishchynskyi Anton , Martinez Claudio , Streuff Jan , Muniz Kilian
Published: October 2015

The catalysts are successfully applied in enantioselective intramolecular aza‐Michael additions as well as transferhydrogenations.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cycloisomerization Reactions.
Authors: Schroeder Felix , Ojeda Manuel , Erdmann Nico , Jacobs Jeroen , Luque Rafael , Noel Timothy , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Johan , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: October 2015

The novel catalyst system contains gold nanoparticles supported on Al‐SBA15 prepared by the ball‐milling process.
ChemInform Abstract: Acceleration Effects of Phosphine Ligands on the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation and Germylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Murai Masahito , Takeshima Hirotaka , Morita Haruka , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: October 2015

The optimal phosphine ligands are found for the rhodium‐catalyzed synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[b]siloles (II) and 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[b]germole (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Olefin Ligands Enable Generation of Quaternary Carbons by Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Huang Chung‐Yang , Doyle Abigail G.
Published: October 2015

A novel highly electron‐deficient olefin ligand (FDO) is developed and used to co‐catalyze the Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of 1,1‐disubstituted aziridines with organozinc bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Truce—Smiles Rearrangement of Substituted Phenyl Ethers.
Authors: Kosowan Joel R. , W'Giorgis Zemane , Grewal Ravneet , Wood Tabitha E.
Published: October 2015

The substrate scope of the title reaction with regard to the electronic and steric properties of the aryl substitution pattern is thoroughly evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Catalytic Application of Hydrido Iron(II) Complexes with [P,S]‐Chelating Ligands in Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Xue Benjing , Sun Hongjian , Li Xiaoyan
Published: October 2015

Four hydrido iron(II) complexes are synthesized and evaluated according to the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facet‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanocrystals in Tsuji—Trost Allylic Amination Reactions with Product Selectivity.
Authors: Chanda Kaushik , Rej Sourav , Liu Shu‐Ya , Huang Michael H.
Published: October 2015

Pd nanoparticles with cubic, cuboctahedral, and octahedral shapes are used to catalyze the Tsuji—Trost allylic amination reaction of aniline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative C—H Alkenylations by Triazole Assistance.
Authors: Tirler Carina , Ackermann Lutz
Published: October 2015

Acrylates couple with triazole‐substituted arenes exclusively next to the triazole moiety giving the ortho‐carboxyethenyl derivatives in good yields with exclusive E configuration while vinyl methyl ketone (XVII) undergoes expected Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Fluoride/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cross Coupling Between Deactivated Aryl Chlorides and Alkyl Grignard Reagents with or without β‐Hydrogens
Authors: Agata Ryosuke , Iwamoto Takahiro , Nakagawa Naohisa , Isozaki Katsuhiro , Hatakeyama Takuji , Takaya Hikaru , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: October 2015

offering a practical alternative to conventional nickel‐ and palladium‐catalyzed aryl‐alkyl couplings
ChemInform Abstract: Oxalyl Chloride as a Practical Carbon Monoxide Source for Carbonylation Reactions.
Authors: Hansen Steffen V. F. , Ulven Trond
Published: October 2015

This describes a variety of Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions performed with ex‐situ‐generated carbon monoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Lithium Alkynylborates.
Authors: Nakagawa Naohisa , Hatakeyama Takuji , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: October 2015

A Suzuki—Miyaura coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl halides and lithium alkynylborates is performed using an iron—bisphosphine catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Fluorination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids via Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Ventre Sandrine , Petronijevic Filip R. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: October 2015

An operationally simple and mild protocol is developed for the conversion of a wide range of carboxylic acids into fluoroalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Alkoxyaryl‐2‐aryl Enamines via Tandem Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Alkoxyarylation from Alkynes, N‐Sulfonyl Azides, and Aryl Ethers.
Authors: Shin Seohyun , Park Youngchul , Kim Cheol‐Eui , Son Jeong‐Yu , Lee Phil Ho
Published: October 2015

A wide variety of title enamines are prepared based on the rhodium‐catalyzed alkoxyarylation of N‐tosyl‐4‐aryltriazoles with phenol ethers.