bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential placental methylation and expression of VEGF, FLT- 1 and KDR genes in human term and preterm preeclampsia
Authors: Sundrani Deepali P , Reddy Umakar S , Joshi Asmita A , Mehendale Savita S , Chavan-Gautam Preeti M , Hardikar Anandwardhan A , Chandak Giriraj R , Joshi Sadhana R
Published: April 2013

Background

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication of placental origin is associated with altered expression of angiogenic factors and their receptors. Recently, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of adverse intrauterine conditions in placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since we have observed changes in placental global DNA methylation levels in preeclampsia, this study was undertaken to examine gene promoter CpG methylation and expression of several angiogenic genes.

We recruited 139 women comprising, 46 normotensive women with term delivery (≥37 weeks), 45 women with preeclampsia delivering preterm (<37 weeks) and 48 women with preeclampsia delivering at term. Expression levels and promoter CpG methylation of VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR genes in placentae from respective groups were determined by Taqman-based quantitative real time PCR and by the Sequenom® EpiTYPER™ technology respectively.

Results

We observed several differentially methylated CpG sites in the promoter regions of VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR between the normotensive and preeclampsia groups. We specifically observed hypomethylated CpGs in the promoter region and an increased expression of VEGF gene between term and preterm preeclampsia. However, mean promoter CpG methylation could not account for the higher expression of FLT-1 and KDR in preterm preeclampsia as compared to normotensive group.

Conclusions

Our data indicates altered DNA methylation patterns in the VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR genes in preeclampsia as compared to the normotensive group, which could be involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Hypomethylation of VEGF promoter and consequent upregulation of VEGF mRNA levels could be a compensatory mechanism to restore normal angiogenesis and blood flow in preterm preeclampsia. This study suggests a role of altered DNA methylation in placental angiogenesis and in determining adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Shared virtual presentation board for e-Meeting in higher education on the WebELS platform
Authors: Berena Arjulie John , Chunwijitra Sila , Okada Hitoshi , Ueno Haruki
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the development of a shared virtual presentation board (VPB) for real-time e-Meeting on the Web-based e-Learning System (WebELS) platform is introduced. WebELS is a general-purpose e-Learning system to support flexibility and globalization of higher education in science and technology. In WebELS, the Meeting module consists of online presentation and video conference system, and the combination of both allows the creation of a so-called virtual room for e-Meeting applications where participants convene via the Internet. Online presentation features synchronized slide control between the presenter and the listeners for slide changing, scrolling, zooming, cursor positioning, and playback control for video embedded on the slide. It also features online annotation that allows the presenter to write using a pen function on the slide display panel. The system has video conferencing function that provides an audio-video communication among the meeting participants. This paper discusses briefly the video conference system, and focuses on online presentation based on slide-based synchronization and the development of VPB. VPB is a shared object that resides on the server that is updated every time the presenter client makes mouse events and is periodically accessed by client system in order that listener’s presentation viewer synchronized with that of the presenter.
Partnership for accelerated insertion of new technology: case study for thermal spray technology
Authors: Sampath Sanjay , Dwivedi Gopal , Valarezo Alfredo , Choi Brian
Published: April 2013

Introduction

Materials and manufacturing innovation in complex engineering systems such as those in aerospace, energy, heavy machinery is extremely challenging as they typically involve lengthy and costly development cycles and generally follow stringent guidelines and defined road maps. Incorporating academic science and disruptive advances into this product development cycle is challenging. Effective partnerships via integrated academic-industry study groups and joint value proposition of scientific advances and models, can accelerate insertion of new knowledge/technologies in this class of materials and manufacturing ecosystems.

Case Description

This paper describes such a partnership and integration framework through exemplary case studies in thermal spray materials processing. Thermal spray is a platform materials manufacturing technology enabling deposition of advanced coatings for wide range of materials applications in aerospace, energy, heavy machinery, electronics and biomedical devices. It is a complex process involving many facets of engineering sciences including thermo-fluids, heat transfer, materials science and mechanics, incorporating non-equilibrium phenomena and multi-scale structure/behavior. The required breadth and depth of process and materials knowledge for advancing the technology is very significant, resulting in lengthy, trial and error based developments.

Specific case studies illustrate knowledge advancement through science and models, development of measurement tools and simulations, along with industrial demonstration studies, addressing the utility in the manufacturing enterprise. Together, they represent a framework for establishing integrated computational and experimental materials engineering concepts and serve as a model ecosystem for accelerating innovation in complex industrial manufacturing processes.
Critical Pleasure, Visceral Literacy, and the Prik of Conscience
Authors: Fitzgibbons Moira
Published: April 2013

The Prik of Conscience is a lengthy and widely distributed medieval poem (more than 9,600 lines, more than 115 surviving manuscripts). But should we call it literature? Spurring vigorous discussions of aesthetic value and providing a vivid introduction to spoken Middle English, the Prik of Conscience functions as a usefully disruptive classroom “voice.”
The Languages of British Literature and the Stakes of Anthologies
Authors: Boyd Matthieu
Published: April 2013

Recent scholarship has emphasized the multilingualism of the medieval British Isles, but this has yet to translate into a fully integrated teaching practice free of anachronisms or stereotypes, particularly in the treatment of Irish and Welsh literature. This article suggests both theoretical and practical responses to this situation. Appendices offer specific guidance for teaching the Celtic-language texts now in the major anthologies of English and British literature.
Teaching Off the Literary Grid with Hildegard of Bingen’sPhysica
Authors: Boboc Andreea
Published: April 2013

Moving beyond the literary, this lesson on Hildegard of Bingen’s Physica touches on science, social studies, history, religion, music, and art to foster an imaginative and practical experience that encourages students to initiate productive conversations across several disciplines and to contribute to newly emerging fields such as the medical humanities.
Visually guided gradation of prey capture movements in larval zebrafish
Authors: Patterson Bradley W. , Abraham Aliza O. , MacIver Malcolm A. , McLean David L.
Published: April 2013

A mechanistic understanding of goal directed behavior in vertebrates is hindered by the relative inaccessibility and size of their nervous systems. Here, we have studied the kinematics of prey capture behavior in a highly accessible vertebrate model organism, the transparent larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), to assess whether they use visual cues to systematically adjust their movements. We find that zebrafish larvae scale the speed and magnitude of turning movements according to the azimuth of one of their standard prey, paramecia. They also bias the direction of subsequent swimming movements based on prey azimuth and select forward or backward movements based on the prey's direction of travel. Once within striking distance, larvae generate either ram or suction capture behaviors depending on their distance from prey. From our experimental estimations of ocular receptive fields, we ascertain that the ultimate decision to consume prey is likely a function of the progressive vergence of the eyes that places the target in a proximal binocular "capture zone". By repeating these experiments in the dark, we demonstrate that paramecia are only consumed if they contact the anterior extremities of larvae, which triggers ocular vergence and tail movements similar to close proximity captures in lit conditions. These observations confirm the importance of vision in the graded movements we observe leading up to capture of more distant prey in the light and implicate somatosensation in captures in the absence of light. We discuss the implications of these findings for future work on the neural control of visually guided behavior in zebrafish.
Stress and death of cnidarian host cells play a role in cnidarian bleaching
Authors: Paxton Camille W. , Davy Simon K. , Weis Virginia M.
Published: April 2013

Coral bleaching occurs when there is a breakdown of the symbiosis between cnidarian hosts and resident Symbiodinium spp. Multiple mechanisms for the bleaching process have been identified including apoptosis and autophagy, and most previous work has focused on the Symbiodinium cell as the initiator of the bleaching cascade. In this work we show that it is possible for host cells to initiate apoptosis that can contribute to death of the Symbiodinium cell. First we found that colchicine, which results in apoptosis in other animals, causes cell death in the model anemone Aiptasia sp. but not in cultured Symbiodinium CCMP-830 cells or in cells freshly isolated from host Aiptasia (at least within the time-frame of our study). In contrast, when symbiotic Aiptasia was incubated in colchicine, cell death in the resident Symbiodinium cells was observed, suggesting a host effect on symbiont mortality. Using live-cell confocal imaging of macerated symbiotic host cell isolates, we identified a pattern where the initiation of host cell death was followed by mortality of the resident Symbiodinium cells. This same pattern was observed in symbiotic host cells that were subjected to temperature stress. This research suggests that mortality of symbionts during temperature-induced bleaching can be initiated in part by host cell apoptosis.
A DFT Analysis of the Molecular Structures of Nitrophenoxathiin Compounds
Authors: Gad El-karim Iman A
Published: April 2013

The influence of nonbonding intramolecular interaction of the nitro group, on the tendency by which its σ- and π-withdrawing characters can affect the puckering of the phenoxathiin nucleus is investigated. The structure of the selected nitrophenoxathiins is predicted with the help of density functional calculations using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) model. The magnitude of change in the puckering angle of phenoxathiin is found to be dependent on the orientation attained by the nitro groups, which determines the extent by which the π-withdrawing character of the nitro group operates on the phenoxathiin nucleus. The in-plane nitro group in position-2 and -3 and the partially twisted nitro in position-1 induce flattening on the phenoxathiin nucleus while the out-of-plane nitro group in position-4 induces further puckering on the phenoxathiin nucleus. Successive substitution by nitro groups at these positions enhances these effects. 1,8-Dinitrophenoxathiin is predicted to be the least puckered while 4,6-dinitrophenoxathiin is the most puckered in the dinitro-series. Few examples of tetranitrophenoxathiins are investigated and prove to follow the same trends. The encountered changes are analyzed in terms of the changes in the hybridization of the substituted carbon atom. The HOMO and LUMO frontier orbitals of the studied compounds are presented.
Tetranuclear Hafnium(IV) and Zirconium(IV) Cationic Complexes Sandwiched between Two Di-Lacunary Species of α-Keggin Polyoxometalates: Lewis Acid Catalysis of the Mukaiyama–Aldol Reaction
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Ohta Kazuaki , Sakai Yoshitaka , Hosoya Taka-aki , Ohtake Atsushi , Takakura Akira , Matsunaga Satoshi
Published: April 2013

The syntheses, X-ray structures, and homogeneous Lewis acid catalytic activities for the Mukaiyama–aldol reaction of four tetranuclear HfIV and ZrIV cluster cations, which are sandwiched between two 1,2-di-lacunary α-Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) and between two 1,4-di-lacunary POMs, are described, i.e., [[{M(H2O)}2{M(H2O)2}2(µ-OH)3(µ3-OH)2](α-1,2-PW10O37)2]7− (M = Hf 1 and M = Zr 2) and [{M4(H2O)4(µ-OH)2(µ3-O)2}(α-1,4-PW10O37)2]8− (M = Hf 3 and M = Zr 4), respectively. Evaluated was homogeneous Lewis acid catalysis of the Mukaiyama–aldol reaction in aqueous/CH3CN mixed media at room temperature under air by water-soluble sodium or lithium salts of sandwich-structured Hf/Zr-containing Keggin and Dawson POMs. In particular, the sodium salts of tetranuclear Hf/Zr cluster cations sandwiched between two di-lacunary α-Keggin POMs, i.e., Na-1–Na-4, showed the highest activities, compared with other cluster cations. The present POM-based sandwich-structured compounds gave products with high stereoselectivity, i.e., high anti-selectivity, regardless of high or low activities. The excellent stabilities of Na-1–Na-4 as catalysts, i.e., with no reduced activities, were confirmed even after reusing several times.
Photochemical Characteristics of Amphiphilic Stilbene Dendrimers Induced by Aggregate Formation at Very Low Concentration
Authors: Kataoka Kayoko , Arai Tatsuo
Published: April 2013

An amphiphilic stilbene dendrimer exists as monomer in organic solvent, but forms molecular assemblies in neutral water exhibiting excimer fluorescence and undergoes cycloaddition even in highly diluted solution of 10−6 M.
Steigerung der Lebensqualität nach Schaumsklerosierung einer multipel voroperierten vaskulären Malformation
Authors: Devereux N. , Kahle B. , Recke A. L.
Published: April 2013

Vaskuläre Malformationen stellen aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit und heterogenen klinischen Ausprägung eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Im vorliegenden Fallbericht wurde eine ausgedehnte, vielfach voroperierte und stark schmerzhafte venöse Malformation bei einer 46-jährigen Patientin mit mehreren Schaumsklerosierungen erfolgreich behandelt. Es konnte eine bemerkenswert rasche, anhaltende Schmerzreduktion und eine Steigerung der Lebensqualität erzielt werden. Der Fall demonstriert, dass die Schaum -sklerosierungstherapie eine gute, nebenwirkungsarme Therapieoption bei operativ nicht mehr behandelbaren, anatomisch unübersichtlichen Malformationen sein kann.
Bakerzyste
Authors: Mendoza E.
Published: April 2013

Hintergrund: Die akute Beinschwellung erfordert einen zügigen Ausschluss einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose, die optimal mittels Duplex-Sonographie erfolgt.

Fallvorstellung: 51-jähriger Patient mit schmerzhafter Wadenschwellung nach sport-licher Betätigung. Nach Ausschluss einer Thrombose durch Kompressionssonographie wurde eine echoleere Raumforderung in der Kniekehle beobachtet (Bakerzyste), die am distalen Ende in der Kapsel Einrisse aufwies. Hier war die Zyste rupturiert und der Inhalt hatte sich in die Muskelschichten der Wade entleert, was die Schwellung und den Schmerz bedingte.
F1FoATP synthase a-subunit of Stenotrophomonas sp. DL18 from Indian Soda Lake, Lonar: a brief report
Authors: Lingojwar Devendra , Jadhav Ravikant , Gawai Kachru
Published: April 2013

Lonar Lake, an Indian soda lake with high alkaline conditions of pH 10.5, is well known for its biodiversity of extremophiles including alkaliphiles. Most of the molecular studies on Lonar Lake alkaliphiles are based on identification by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Various studies have reported alkaliphiles from different alkaline habitats other than Lonar Lake with alkaliphile specific amino acid residues in the F1FoATP synthase a-subunit. As the data on the alkaliphilic nature of bacteria from Lonar Lake is incompletely understood, the present report comprised of isolation and identification of alkaliphiles from Lonar Lake. Further, we studied the F1FoATP synthase a- subunit, with reference to alkaliphile specific domains, of one of the facultative alkaliphiles,Stenotrophomonassp. DL18.
Abnormal Behavior of Longitudinal Optical Phonon in Silicon Dioxide Films on 4H–SiC Bulk Epitaxial Substrate Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshikawa Masanobu , Seki Hirohumi , Yamane Tsuneyuki , Nanen Yuichiro , Kato Muneharu , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: April 2013

We report the abnormal behavior of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in a silicon dioxide (SiO2) film on a 4H-SiC bulk epitaxial substrate using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique. The peak frequency of the LO phonon in the ATR spectrum was observed at around 1165 cm−1 and red-shifted by approximately 92 cm−1 relative to that at the grazing incidence (40°), whereas the peak frequency of the transverse optical (TO) phonon in the ATR spectrum agreed well with that at the grazing incidence. Furthermore, the peak frequency of the TO phonon hardly depends on change in the incident angle and thickness, suggesting that the microstructure of the sample is homogeneous within a thickness of 100 nm. On the other hand, we found that the microstructure of the sample was inhomogeneous within a thickness less than 5 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy provides us with a large amount of data on microstructures in the SiO2 films on a 4H-SiC substrate.
Art as a mother tongue: Staying true to an innate language of knowing
Authors: Einstein Tamar , Forinash Michele
Published: April 2013

This article explores faculty and doctoral student perspectives on using art-based research throughout the research journey. The process of discovery through art is highlighted. Staying connected to art-making and the innate knowing that art-based research holds was fully supported
by the mentor as the student deeply immersed herself into this process
shall I hide an art-based study within a recognized qualitative framework? Negotiating the spaces between research traditions at a research university
Authors: Smith Tawnya D.
Published: April 2013

Can I really do an art-based study for my dissertation? Will that really count? Will anyone take me seriously as a researcher when I look for a position? How can I make my art-based enquiry fit into a recognizable form that my committee members and colleagues will accept as legitimate
research? This article illuminates the challenges faced by graduate students who are inspired by art-based research (ABR), but who are studying at institutions where there are no established art-based researchers to serve as mentors. This article provides a doctoral student’s perspective
into the challenges and accompanying opportunities that are present when conducting a dissertation at a research institution
Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphospine-κP)(iodido)-(isoquinoline-κN) copper(I), [CuI(PC18H15)2(i-C9H7N)], C45H37CuINP2
Authors: Li Jian-Bao , Liu Bin , Zhou Li-Li , Wu Man-Hua , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Ling
Published: April 2013

C45H37CuINP2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.0738(9) Å, b = 36.195(3) Å, c = 11.564(1) Å, β = 115.047(2)°, V = 3820.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.0944, T = 298 K.
Stable conditional expression and effect of C/EBPβ-LIP in adipocytes using the pSLIK system
Authors: Esteves Cristina L , Kelly Val , Bégay Valérie , Lillico Simon G , Leutz Achim , Seckl Jonathan R , Chapman Karen E
Published: April 2013

Murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes are widely used as a cellular model of obesity. However, whereas transfection of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is straightforward, ectopic gene expression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes has proved challenging. Here, we used the pSLIK vector system to generate stable doxycycline-inducible expression of the liver-enriched inhibitor protein isoform of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (CEPB (C/EBPβ-LIP)) in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Because overexpression of C/EBPβ-LIP impairs adipocyte differentiation, the C/EBPβ-LIP construct was first integrated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but expression was induced only when adipocytes were fully differentiated. Increased C/EBPβ-LIP in mature adipocytes down-regulated C/EBPβ target genes including 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fatty acid binding protein 4 but had no effect on asparagine synthetase, demonstrating that transcriptional down-regulation by C/EBPβ-LIP in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is not a general effect. Importantly, these genes were modulated in a similar manner in adipose tissue of mice with genetically increased C/EBPβ-LIP levels. The use of the pSLIK system to conditionally express transgenes in 3T3-L1 cells could be a valuable tool to dissect adipocyte physiology.
Use of Two Cleft Lip and Palate Classification Systems by Nonsubspecialized Health Care Providers
Authors: Wang Billy C. , Hakimi Michael , Martin Mark C.
Published: April 2013

Objective

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the use of RPL and LAHSHAL coding systems by individuals not specialized in craniofacial abnormalities to code cleft lip and palate (CLP). The effectiveness of system use by referring services and the electronic medical record (EMR) applicability of other CLP systems was evaluated by literature review and testing data.

Design and Participants

The RPL and LAHSHAL systems were presented together to a sample of medical students ( n = 28) and neonatal intensive care unit nurses ( n = 24) from Loma Linda University. Following the presentation, a test assessing the application of each system was administered. A second assessment of the medical students ( n = 23) 2 weeks after the initial presentation evaluated system retention. Scores were compared using t test ( P ≤ .05).

Results

Both the medical students and nurses used RPL more accurately than LAHSHAL in the first assessment (76.9% versus 45.2%, P < .001; 46.6% versus 22.5%, P < .001). Medical students again used RPL more accurately at the 2-week assessment (72.2% versus 43.7%, P < .001). Accuracy of use within each system was not significantly different between the two assessments.

Conclusion

Our test results and literature review indicate that, when compared with LAHSHAL, RPL is more easily and accurately used by representatives not specialized in abnormalities in CLP; therefore, RPL may be a more effective system for nonspecialist health care providers to improve the accuracy of referrals and simple EMR documentation.
When There is more than a Cleft: Psychological Adjustment When a Cleft is Associated with an Additional Condition
Authors: Feragen Kristin Billaud , Stock Nicola Marie
Published: April 2013

Background

In spite of studies reporting a relatively high frequency of additional conditions in children with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CUP), almost no research has focused on this clinically important subgroup. The objective of this study was to compare psychosocial adjustment in children with CUP with and without an additional condition.

Design

Cross-sectional data based on routine psychological assessments at age 10 years, with comparisons to national reference groups.

Setting

Centralized treatment, Norway.

Participants

Two hundred five children with CUP (participation rate: 80.1%) from three consecutive birth cohorts.

Outcome measures

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (self-report and parent report) and the Child Experience Questionnaire (self-report).

Results

Eighty-one children (39.5%) were identified as having at least one condition in addition to the cleft. These children reported significantly more psychosocial difficulties than children with a cleft alone. Differences between specific conditions were minor. Children with a cleft alone (n = 124) reported mean scores that were comparable to those reported by the reference group. There were no differences in adjustment between children with a visible versus a non-visible cleft.

Conclusions

The present study highlights the need for research to be conducted in children with CUP who have additional conditions to provide better knowledge and clinical care for a potentially vulnerable subgroup of children and their parents.
Rethinking the linear regression model for spatial ecological data
Authors: Wagner Helene H.
Published: April 2013

The linear regression model, with its numerous extensions including multivariate ordination, is fundamental to quantitative research in many disciplines. However, spatial or temporal structure in the data may invalidate the regression assumption of independent residuals. Spatial structure at any spatial scale can be modeled flexibly based on a set of uncorrelated component patterns (e.g., Moran's eigenvector maps, MEM) that is derived from the spatial relationships between sampling locations as defined in a spatial weight matrix. Spatial filtering thus addresses spatial autocorrelation in the residuals by adding such component patterns (spatial eigenvectors) as predictors to the regression model. However, space is not an ecologically meaningful predictor, and commonly used tests for selecting significant component patterns do not take into account the specific nature of these variables. This paper proposes “spatial component regression” (SCR) as a new way of integrating the linear regression model with Moran's eigenvector maps. In its unconditioned form, SCR decomposes the relationship between response and predictors by component patterns, whereas conditioned SCR provides an alternative method of spatial filtering, taking into account the statistical properties of component patterns in the design of statistical hypothesis tests. Application to the well‐known multivariate mite data set illustrates how SCR may be used to condition for significant residual spatial structure and to identify additional predictors associated with residual spatial structure. Finally, I argue that all variance is spatially structured, hence spatial independence is best characterized by a lack of excess variance at any spatial scale, i.e., spatial white noise.
Telemetry and random‐walk models reveal complex patterns of partial migration in a large marine predator
Authors: Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Meyer Carl G. , Carvalho Felipe , Dale Jonathon J. , Hutchinson Melanie R. , Holland Kim N.
Published: April 2013

Animals are often faced with complex movement decisions, particularly those that involve long‐distance dispersal. Partial migrations, ubiquitous among all groups of vertebrates, are a form of long‐distance movement that occurs when only some of the animals in a population migrate. The decision to migrate or to be a resident can be dependent on many factors, but these factors are rarely quantified in fishes, particularly top predators, even though partial migrations may have important implications for ecosystem dynamics and conservation. We utilized passive acoustic telemetry, with a Brownian bridge movement model and generalized additive mixed models, to explore the factors regulating partial migration in a large marine predator, the tiger shark, throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Although sharks tended to utilize a particular “core” island, they also demonstrated inter‐island movements, particularly mature females that would swim from the northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Immigration to another island was a function of season, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll a concentration. Our results predict that 25% of mature females moved from remote French Frigate Shoals atoll to the MHI during late summer/early fall, potentially to give birth. Females with core home ranges within the MHI showed limited movements to the NWHI, and immigration to an island was better explained by SST and chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting a foraging function. Dispersal patterns in tiger sharks are complex but can be considered a mix of skipped‐breeding partial migration by mature females and individual‐based inter‐island movements potentially linked to foraging. Therefore, sharks appear to use a conditional strategy based on fixed intrinsic and flexible extrinsic states. The application of Brownian bridge movement models to electronic presence/absence data provides a new technique for assessing the influence of habitat and environmental conditions on patterns of movement for fish populations.
Indirect effects of invasive crayfish on native fish parasites
Authors: Pulkkinen Katja , Ruokonen Timo J. , Mykrä Marjut , Tambe Gordon , Karjalainen Juha , Hämäläinen Heikki
Published: April 2013

Interactions between invasive and native species are often modified by parasites. One little‐studied scenario is that invasive species affect parasite transmission to native hosts by altering the relative abundance of hosts needed in parasite life cycles, for example by predation on these hosts. Here we show that presence of an invasive crayfish species, Pacifastacus leniusculus, decreases the mean abundance of native parasites transmitted from snails and aquatic isopods to perch, Perca fluviatilis, in two large boreal lakes in Finland. In contrast, parasites transmitted to the fish from planktonic copepods or mussels, hosts not readily preyed on by crayfish, were not affected by crayfish presence. We suggest that the effect of crayfish on native parasite fauna of fish is mediated via complex effects on invertebrate populations. Hence, our study provides an example of how the indirect ecological effects of species introductions can extend beyond the generally anticipated direct effects, predation and competition.
Residue Management Effects on Water Use and Yield of Deficit Irrigated Corn
Authors: Baumhardt R. Louis , Schwartz Robert , Howell Terry , Evett Steven R. , Colaizzi Paul
Published: April 2013

Residue management to increase fallow precipitation storage and reduce growing season evaporation limited potential yield reduction by offsetting a portion of the decreasing irrigation well capacity of the declining Ogallala Aquifer in the southern High Plains. A 3‐yr dryland rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by corn (Zea mays L.) with intervening 10‐mo fallow periods was adapted for use with deficit irrigation of 2.5 and 5.0 mm d–1 capacities on a Pantex silty clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) at Bushland, TX (35°11′ N, 102°6′ W). Study objectives were to quantify disk (DT), stubble‐mulch (SM), or no (NT)‐tillage effects on precipitation storage during wheat fallow and subsequent use for grain yield by deficit irrigated corn. The 4‐yr mean soil water after fallow increased from 14 to 50 mm for SM and NT compared with DT. Measured growing season water use ranged from ∼54 to 64% of the estimated corn water use (ETc) at the 2.5 mm d–1 irrigation capacity and from 76 to 85% at 5.0 mm d–1 irrigation with corresponding grain yields ranging from crop failure to ∼7.4 Mg ha–1. We conclude that residue retaining conservation tillage increased soil water storage during fallow. We attributed greater corn yield with conservation tillage to likely increased transpiration made possible by reducing early growing season evaporation. Increased soil water and greater transpiration using conservation tillage practices did not offset corn ET reduction imposed by either deficit irrigation capacity and resulted in unprofitable crop yield reductions.
Alleviating Moisture Effects on Remote Sensing Estimation of Crop Residue Cover
Authors: Wang Chang‐kun , Pan Xian‐zhang , Liu Ya , Li Yan‐li , Shi Rong‐jie , Zhou Rui , Xie Xian‐li
Published: April 2013

A robust model for estimating crop residue cover by remote sensing is required to better quantify management of crop residue in agricultural fields. There is a notable lack of robustness in the model, however, when the moisture contents of soil and crop residue vary. To minimize the influence of soil and crop residue moisture on spectral reflectance, we applied a preprocessing method, external parameter orthogonalization (EPO), which estimates the influence of moisture variation on reflectance by performing a principal component analysis on a small set of spectra that represent the variation in moisture. In this study, reflectance spectra (400–2400 nm) for four soils and four crop residues with different moisture conditions were acquired in the laboratory. Reflectance values of mixed scenes with varying proportions of crop residue and soil were simulated using a linear mixture model. The results indicated that moisture significantly affected the cellulose absorption index, the lignin–cellulose absorption index, and the relationships between crop residue cover and these two indices. For applying EPO to remove moisture effects, we proposed two strategies of EPO application that corresponded to two scenarios: a change in moisture in either soil or crop residue, and a change in moisture in both soil and crop residue. The results demonstrated that EPO was able to effectively remove the moisture effects and that the calibration model was more robust after EPO. This study helps to quantify and remove the effects of moisture on the estimation of crop residue cover.
Race Structure in the Mexican Collection of Common Bean Landraces
Authors: Blair Matthew W. , Diaz Lucy M. , Acosta‐Gallegos Jorge A.
Published: April 2013

Mexico is a large bean‐producing country, the second most important in the Western Hemisphere, and the center of origin for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as well as many wild relatives or cultigens. Given this long tradition with the crop, Mexican farmers have created a rich resource of native landraces over many millennia, and this germplasm is of value today for modern breeding and gene discovery. The objective of this research was to evaluate the core collection of the national Mexican germplasm repository (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias [INIFAP]) and to determine the diversity and population structure within the germplasm set based on fluorescent microsatellite marker genotyping. The results showed a good separation of races Durango, Jalisco, and Mesoamerica, which were the majority of the landraces, versus a small group of Andean landraces that were all well supported both by population structure analysis and coherent results with principal component analysis and a molecular analysis of variance. Genepool separation has been observed in many previous studies of diversity in common bean but this study was among the first with microsatellites to find separation of the Durango and Jalisco races. The utility of the INIFAP core collection for association mapping studies of traits important to Mexican agriculture is discussed.
Utilité clinique de trois outils d'évaluation pour les personnes atteintes de démence
Authors: Hébert Michèle , Thibeault Rachel , Sacolax Nickolas , Tandon Kajal , Germain Mélanie , Bruneau Philippe , Gravel Jean
Published: April 2013

Description. Les ergothérapeutes sont de plus en plus sollicités dans la démarche diagnostique des atteintes cognitives chez la personne âgée.But. Trois outils pouvant aider au processus d'évaluation ont été étudiés pour documenter leurs qualités diagnostiques et la nature de l'association de leurs résultats: le Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), le Protocole d'examen cognitif de la personne âgée (PECPA-2r) et le Système de mesure de l'autonomie fonctionnelle (SMAF).Méthodologie. Une étude corrélationnelle transversale a permis de documenter l'association entre les résultats obtenus avec les trois outils alors qu'ils étaient utilisés auprès de personnes âgées référées au projet par leur médecin traitant.Résultats. Les résultats de l'étude, réalisée auprès de 52 personnes âgées chez qui une atteinte cognitive était soupçonnée, ont montré qu'une corrélation très forte existe entre les scores obtenus aux trois outils d'évaluation. Les scores au MMSE seraient d'excellents prédicteurs des scores au PECPA-2r et au SMAF. La sévérité de l'atteinte cognitive serait un bon prédicteur du niveau d'atteinte de l'autonomie.Conséquences pour la pratique. Certaines observations faites par les évaluateurs lors de l'administration des PECPA-2r et SMAF se sont révélées particulièrement utiles à la démarche diagnostique ultérieure faite par le médecin traitant. Le court temps d'administration du MMSE ne permettait pas de telles observations alors que les PECPA-2r et SMAF offraient ce temps propice à l'observation. Les ergothérapeutes sont invités à examiner avec attention leurs intentions cliniques alors qu'ils choisissent leurs outils d'évaluation.
Le processus d'adaptation des adultes présentant des séquelles de traumatisme cranio-cérébral
Authors: Dumont Claire , Fougeyrollas Patrick , Gervais Marie , Bertrand Richard
Published: April 2013

Description et but. Cette étude qualitative porte sur le processus d'adaptation d'adultes présentant des séquelles de traumatisme cranio-cérébral. Ce processus et ses particularités ont été peu étudiés jusqu'à maintenant et l'amélioration des connaissances pourrait contribuer à améliorer la qualité des interventions. Méthodologie. Cinquante-trois adultes vivant dans la communauté et ayant subi un traumatisme cranio-cérébral ont participé à une entrevue individuelle et ont répondu à des questions ouvertes. Résultats. L'analyse qualitative, inspirée de la phénoménologie, rapporte des résultats qui révèlent un processus d'adaptation en six étapes. De plus, les éléments qui ont influencé ce processus ainsi que les stratégies d'adaptation efficaces selon la perception des participants sont décrits. Les particularités de ce processus réfèrent, entre autre, à la nature des séquelles cognitives ainsi qu'aux circonstances de L'événement traumatique. Conséquences cliniques. La réalisation d'occupations significatives est un des éléments clés de ce processus, parfois associée à une transformation intérieure importante sur le plan des normes personnelles et des valeurs.
Radicals in Stereoselective Synthesis and Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Giese Bernd , Eckhardt Sonja
Published: April 2013

This short historical review describes the work of the Giese group on radicals and radical ions that has led to the award of the Paracelsus prize in 2012.
Surface Modification of Biomaterials for Conjugation with Human Fetal Osteoblasts
Authors: Borcard Françoise , Kong Phally , Journot Céline , Staedler Davide , Sturzenegger Philip N. , Juillerat Franziska Krauss , Gonzenbach Urs T. , Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne , Gerber-Lemaire Sandrine
Published: April 2013

Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite (HA) and ?-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics with chemical ligands containing a pyrrogallol moiety was developed to improve the adhesion of bone cell precursors to the biomaterials. Fast and biocompatible copper-free click reaction
with azido-modified human fetal osteoblasts resulted in improved cell binding to both HA and TCP bioceramics, opening the way for using this methodology in the preparation of cell-engineered bone implants.
Nanopatterning by Molecular Self-assembly on Surfaces
Authors: Eaton Thomas R. , Torres David Muñoz , Buck Manfred , Mayor Marcel
Published: April 2013

The ability to pattern surfaces down to the nanoscale is of increasing importance in nanoscience research. The use of supramolecular chemistry to drive the formation of self-assembled networks allows for a bottom-up approach to achieve nanopatterned surfaces. This short review highlights
some of the recent breakthroughs in achieving long-range order in such molecular based systems, complemented with examples from our own work. The tuning of molecular architectures can exert control on the emergent properties and function of molecules at interfaces. In particular the formation
of porous honeycomb networks allows the rational design of highly ordered patterned surface domains and the investigation of molecular dynamics, chirality and templating effects on surfaces.
Kinetic Subpopulations Detected by Single-molecule Spectroscopy: Fundamental Property of Functional Nucleic Acids or Experimental Artefact?
Authors: König Sebastian L. B. , Kowerko Danny , Sigel Roland K. O.
Published: April 2013

Single-molecule spectroscopy allows the direct observation of conformational dynamics in individual biomolecules. Here, we describe how single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) reveals heterogeneous kinetics in the EBS1*/IBS1* interaction, two RNA sequences that
play an important role in group II intron mediated self-cleavage. Further examples of dynamic heterogeneity in functional nucleic acids are provided and the possible origins of this phenomenon are discussed.
Practical Considerations for Improving the Productivity of Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics
Authors: Laskay Ünige A. , Srzentić Kristina , Fornelli Luca , Upir Oxana , Kozhinov Anton N. , Monod Michel , Tsybin Yury O.
Published: April 2013

Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently the most sensitive and selective analytical technique for routine peptide and protein structure analysis. Top-down proteomics is based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of intact proteins, where multiply charged precursor ions are fragmented in
the gas phase, typically by electron transfer or electron capture dissociation, to yield sequence-specific fragment ions. This approach is primarily used for the study of protein isoforms, including localization of post-translational modifications and identification of splice variants. Bottom-up
proteomics is utilized for routine high-throughput protein identification and quantitation from complex biological samples. The proteins are first enzymatically digested into small (usually less than ca. 3 kDa) peptides, these are identified by MS or MS/MS, usually employing collisional
activation techniques. To overcome the limitations of these approaches while combining their benefits, middle-down proteomics has recently emerged. Here, the proteins are digested into long (3–15 kDa) peptides via restricted proteolysis followed by the MS/MS analysis of the obtained
digest. With advancements of high-resolution MS and allied techniques, routine implementation of the middle-down approach has been made possible. Herein, we present the liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS-based experimental design of our middle-down proteomic workflow coupled with post-LC supercharging.
Extracting Information about Chemical Bonding from Molecular Electron Densities via Single Exponential Decay Detector (SEDD)
Authors: De Silva Piotr , Korchowiec Jacek , Ram J. S. Nirmal , Wesolowski Tomasz A.
Published: April 2013

The recently introduced molecular descriptor (Single Exponential Decay Detector - SEDD) [P. de Silva, J. Korchowiec, T. A. Wesolowski, ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 3462] is used to visualize bonding patterns in molecules. In each point of space SEDD is simply related
to the electron density: SEDD(r) = ln[1/?2(?(??/?)2)2]. Either experimental or computed densities ?(r) can be used to evaluate SEDD. Here, maps of SEDD are obtained from theoretical densities and
reveal such features as core electrons, chemical bonds, lone pairs and delocalization in aromatic systems. It is shown that SEDD provides fingerprints of aromaticity, which can be separated into geometric and electronic effects.
Precision Measurements of Ionization and Dissociation Energies by Extrapolation of Rydberg Series: From H2 to Larger Molecules
Authors: Sprecher D. , Beyer M. , Merkt F.
Published: April 2013

Recent experiments are reviewed which have led to the determination of the ionization and dissociation energies of molecular hydrogen with a precision of 0.0007 cm–1 (8 mJ/mol or 20 MHz) using a procedure based on high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of high Rydberg
states and the extrapolation of the Rydberg series to the ionization thresholds. Molecular hydrogen, with only two protons and two electrons, is the simplest molecule with which all aspects of a chemical bond, including electron correlation effects, can be studied. Highly precise values of
its ionization and dissociation energies provide stringent tests of the precision of molecular quantum mechanics and of quantum-electrodynamics calculations in molecules. The comparison of experimental and theoretical values for these quantities enable one to quantify the contributions to
a chemical bond that are neglected when making the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, i.e. adiabatic, nonadiabatic, relativistic, and radiative corrections. Ionization energies of a broad range of molecules can now be determined experimentally with high accuracy ( i.e. about 0.01
cm–1). Calculations at similar accuracies are extremely challenging for systems containing more than two electrons. The combination of precision measurements of molecular ionization energies with highly accurate ab initio calculations has the potential to provide, in future, fully reliable sets of thermochemical quantities for gas-phase reactions.
Methane Catalytic Combustion on Pd9/?-Al2O3 with Different Degrees of Pd Oxidation
Authors: Czekaj Izabela , Kacprzak Katarzyna A. , Mantzaras John
Published: April 2013

: This research is focused on the analysis of adsorbed CH4 intermediates at oxidized Pd9 nanoparticles supported on ? -alumina. From first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations, several configurations, charge transfer and electronic density
of states have been analyzed in order to determine feasible paths for the oxidation process. Furthermore methane oxidation cycles have been investigated on Pd nanoparticles with different degrees of oxidation. In case of low oxidized Pd nanoparticles, activation of methane is observed, whereby
hydrogen from methane is adsorbed at one oxygen atom. This reaction is exothermic. In a subsequent step, two water molecules desorb. Additionally, a very interesting structural effect becomes evident; Pd-carbide formation, which is also an exothermic reaction. Furthermore, oxidation of such
carbidized Pd-nanoparticles leads to CO2 formation, which is an endothermic reaction. One important result is that the support is involved in the CO2 formation. A different mechanism of methane oxidation was discovered for highly oxidized Pd nanoparticles. When the Pd
nanoparticle is more strongly exposed to oxidative conditions, adsorption of methane is also possible, but it leads to carbonic acid production at the interface between the Pd nanoparticles and support. This process is endothermic.
Approaching Two-dimensional Polymers with Macroscopic Sizes
Authors: Payamyar Payam , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter
Published: April 2013

We describe the challenges involved with extending the limited lateral size of two-dimensional polymers (2DPs). An amphiphilic monomer with three-fold symmetry is chosen to form an ideally tessellated monolayer at the air/water interface. Anthracene [4+4] photo-dimerization is chosen
as the growth reaction. Formation of covalent net-points upon anthracene dimerization has an influence on the mechanical coherence of the resulting sheets which could be investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by means of AFM nano-indentation.
Practicing Love: Black Feminism, Love-Politics, and Post-Intersectionality
Authors: Nash Jennifer C.
Published: April 2013

This article examines the consolidation of love into a black feminist politics during second-wave feminism. By reading love-politics as both a practice of the self and a nonidentitarian strategy for constructing political communities, I argue that black feminism's love-politics suggests a way of doing politics that transcends the pitfalls of identity politics, particularly intersectionality.