bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependencia percibida y síntomas depresivos en cuidadores primarios informales de personas con enfermedades no transmisibles
Authors: León-Hernández Rodrigo César , Mártir-Hernández Erika Berenice , Torres-Compeán Yulissa Guadalupe , Sánchez-Garcés Karen Adyadeth , Gutiérrez-Gómez Tranquilina
Published: August 2020

Existen diversas problemáticas que afectan la salud y el desempeño de un cuidador. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la relación entre síntomas de depresión de los cuidadores primarios informales y la dependencia que perciben en la persona cuidada. El diseño del estudio fue no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística, intencional, de 259 cuidadores informales. Se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre la salud del paciente, Escala de Depresión (PHQ-8) y la Escala de Barthel, empleada para medir la capacidad de la persona para realizar 10 actividades básicas de la vida diaria. La edad promedio de los cuidadores de este estudio fue de 49.6 años, con predominio del sexo femenino, con 82.6 %; en el parentesco del cuidador, en su mayoría fueron hijas (38.2 %). El porcentaje de dependencia percibida por los cuidadores se ubicó en la categoría de dependencia moderada, con el 32.4 %. Los resultados muestran una correlación pequeña pero significativa (r = - 0.159, P = 0.010) entre dependencia y síntomas de depresión. El grupo de cuidadores de personas con dependencia severa presentó mayor sintomatología depresiva que sus pares cuidadores de personas con dependencia moderada (P = 0.014). Los cuida dores primarios informales reportaron mayor sintomatología depresiva cuando percibieron más dependencia en sus familiares con enfermedades crónicas.
Emotion Classification of Song Lyrics using Bidirectional LSTM Method with GloVe Word Representation Weighting
Authors: Jiddy Abdillah  , Ibnu Asror  , Yanuar Firdaus Arie Wibowo
Published: August 2020

The rapid change of the music market from analog to digital has caused a rapid increase in the amount of music that is spread throughout the world as well because music is easier to make and sell. The amount of music available has changed the way people find music, one of which is based on the emotion of the song. The existence of music emotion recognition and recommendation helps music listeners find songs in accordance with their emotions. Therefore, the classification of emotions is needed to determine the emotions of a song. The emotional classification of a song is largely based on feature extraction and learning from the available data sets. Various learning algorithms have been used to classify song emotions and produce different accuracy. In this study, the Bidirectional Long-short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) deep learning method with weighting words using GloVe is used to classify the song's emotions using the lyrics of the song. The result shows that the Bi-LSTM model with dropout layer and activity regularization can produce an accuracy of 91.08%. Dropout, activity regularization and learning rate decay parameters can reduce the difference between training loss and validation loss by 0.15.
Second allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients: single-centre experience
Authors: Bakırtaş Mehmet , Yiğenoğlu Tuğçe Nur , Başcı Semih , Uncu Ulu Bahar , Özcan Nurgül , İskender Dicle , Dal Mehmet Sinan , Kızıl Çakar Merih , Altuntaş Fevzi
Published: August 2020

Acute leukaemia patients who relapse after the first allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) have a poor prognosis. Participating in clinical trials is the best option for these patients. If patients cannot participate in clinical trials, as the treatment options are limited, the second allo-SCT constitutes the potential curative treatment option. The data of acute leukaemia patients who underwent second allo-SCT because of relapsed/refractory disease after the first allo-SCT at our centre between December 2009 and February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Three hundred nineteen acute leukaemia patients were performed allo-SCT at our centre. 20 of these 319 acute leukaemia patients relapsed after first allo-SCT and underwent second allo-SCT. 10 AML patients and 10 ALL patients were included in the study. After second allo-SCT overall survival (OS) was 26.1±10.8 weeks, and progression-free survival (PFS) was 19.9±8.6 weeks. If the patients cannot participate in clinical trials, second allo-SCT should be considered for patients with late (≥12 months) relapses after the first allo-SCT. If possible, haploidentical donors should be selected for second allo-SCT and patients should be in complete remission before the transplant.
Herd immunity and COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Faizal Imam Agus , Ariska Nugrahani Nur
Published: August 2020

Herd immunity or herd effect is a phenomenon that occurs in groups of people who are resistant to disease. The purpose of conducting this research is to predict the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Covid-19 cases in Indonesia on April 6, 2020, were 2235 cases spread in 34 Provinces. As many as 2491 cases in Indonesia, there were 192 patients recovered (including those treated, so they have natural antibodies in the end) while the total who died was 209 people. It is assumed that around 13% of the total cases have natural antibodies. This is also the case with SARS-CoV-2 and may explain why some individuals (perhaps those most recently able to recover from seasonal coronavirus infections) have asymptomatic infections. Finally, the theoretical concept of increasing herd immunity in pandemic and epidemic cases in Indonesia which aims to control COVID-19 still needs to be reviewed because it is seen from the mortality data that CFR COVID-19 is predicted to be around 8.39% of the population in Indonesia where the risk of death still available. The best alternative is to do a healthy lifestyle, social distancing, and waiting for the vaccine to be found.
Immunobioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic tree construction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Indonesia: spike glycoprotein gene
Authors: Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Kharisma Viol Dhea , Antonius Yulanda , Tacharina Martia Rani , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: August 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide and as a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. At present, there are no approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict epitope-based vaccines using bioinformatics approaches and phylogenetic tree construction of SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we employed 27 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes retrieved from GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) and the GISAID EpiCoV™ Database (Germany). We analyzed the candidate epitopes using the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Furthermore, we performed a protective antigen prediction with VaxiJen 2.0. Data for B-cell epitope prediction, protective antigen prediction, and the underlying phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained in this research. Therefore, these data could be used to design an epitope-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, the advanced study is recommended for confirmation (in vitro and in vivo).
KARAKTERISTIK MITOS TANAH SERAM
Authors: Lelapary Heppy Leunard
Published: August 2020

Mitos tanah Seram adalah potensi cerita rakyat milik masyarakat di Pulau Seram, yang didalamnya terkandung identitas serta pesan kultural kehidupan masyarakat yang mendiami pulau Seram. Sebagai potensi ilmu pengetahuan khususnya tradisi lisan potensi mitos tanah Seram harus dikaji dan mendapat pengayaan aspek keilmuhannya. Mengkaji karakteristik mitos tanah Seram melalui hermeneutika dengan merumuskan konsep mitos tanah Seram, isi mitos tanah Seram, dan tipe-tipe mitos tanah Seram. Diharapkan dapat mendudukan substansi teoretis mitos tanah Seram yang kemudian akan menjadi rujukan kajian dan penelitian lanjutan aspek lain yang terdapat pada mitos tanah Seram.
ANALYSIS OF LIQUID VISCOSITY VALUE USING FALLING BALL METHOD USING DIGITAL IMAGE TECHNOLOGY BASED ON LONG EXPOSURE FEATURES
Authors: Kesaulya Noke , Amahoru Abdul Haji , Hertiavi Maria A
Published: August 2020

Physics is the science that studies natural phenomena which observation is one of the most important aspect. Observations were made to study the physical phenomena and, if necessary, measurements can be made using appropriate, easily accessible as well as sophisticated devices. In this study, observation and measurement of a straight motion in a viscometer tube device has been developed. The device is also able to measure viscosity of the liquid (indirectly) using the falling ball method by means of Long Exposure technique. The viscosity of a liquid is essentialy related to drag force that caused by friction between the liquid molecules, which are able to resist fluid flow. Long Exposure is a technique of image acquisition which can preserve information about traces of objects moving at a certain time that might not be able to be captured with the naked eye. The falling ball method is based on a measurement of terminal velocity of the falling ball in a viscous liquid. In the experiments, lightmeter is a solid ball with varying sizes coated with phosphorus paint which was released from the surface of the liquid (glycerin and honey) inside a cylindrical tube. A camera with long exposure feature is placed in front of a perforated disk that serves as a chopper, which are essentially slits for the camera to capture the trajectory of the ball and convert the continuous trace into discrete traces. Using a simple digital image processing and digital image analysis techniques, the traces of the trajectory of the ball can be analyzed and thus we can obtain the data of the position for each time interval, thus the speed of the ball can be observed and the type of the motion can be analyzed (accelerated and motion with constant velocity). The calculated liquid viscosity is 0.7885 Pa.s viscosity with error 6.55% for glycerin, and as for honey the viscosity is 3.9162 Pa.s with precision of 99.98%. It can be concluded that these devices can be used to observe the phenomenon of straight motion with constant velocity and accelerated motion in viscosity tube, determines the value of the viscosity of a liquid with a good accuracy and precision
Pendugaan Erosi Tanah dan Arahan Rehabilitasi Lahan berbasis SIG di DAS Wai Ela Negeri Lima Jazirah Leihitu Pulau Ambon
Authors: Wariunsora Sisilia , Osok Rafael M , Talakua Silwanus
Published: August 2020

The occurrence of soil erosion in Wai Ela Watershed is related to natural factors such as geology, soil types, slope steepness, and land uses. This study aimed to estimate soil erosion rates and their spatial distribution in Wai Ela watershed, and the results were used to establish land rehabilitation practices. The study used a survey method with a flexible grid observation distance, and field data collection was conducted on 15 sampling areas representing 72 land units. The annual soil erosion rates of Wai Ela watershed were estimated by using RUSLE and GIS, and the results were corrected with 0,2547 (Talakua and Osok’s correction factor). The proposed land rehabilitation practices were established based on the tolerable soil erosion (T) values and CP maximum. The study results showed that the average annual erosion rates in Wai Ela watershed vary from light erosion (8,14 t/ha/yr) to very heavy erosion (381,70 t/ha/yr), while the tolerable soil erosion rates range from 4,60 t/ha/yr to 24t/ha/yr. The proposed land rehabilitation practices include enrichment of the existing unprotected areas (bare lands) with forest and fruit trees, planting cover crops and grasses, and mulching on agricultural land.

Keywords: correction factor 0,2547, land rehabilitation practices, RUSLE, Wai Ela watershed

 

ABSTRAK

Erosi pada DAS Wai Ela terjadi akibat faktor alam yaitu geologi, jenis tanah, panjang dan kemiringan lereng dan penggunaan lahan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menduga besarnya erosi di DAS Wai Ela, dan menetapkan arahan rehabilitasi lahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan tipe observasi fleksible grid dan pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan pada 15 sampel area yang mewakili 72 satuan lahan. Besarnya erosi dihitung menggunakan metode RUSLE dan hasilnya dikoreksi dengan factor 0,2547, dan dipetakan menggunakan program SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rrosbi di DAS Wai Ela berkisar dari sangat ringan (8,14 ton/ha/thn) hingga erosi sangat berat (381,70 ton/ha/thn), sedangkan erosi yang dapat dibiarkan atau nilai T berkisar dari 4,6 ton/ha/thn hingga 24 ton/ha/thn. Arahan rehabilitasi lahan yang disarankan adalah melakukan pengkayaan pada lahan-lahan yang terbuka dengan tanaman hutan dan buah-buahan, menanam tanaman penutup tanah dan rumput pada lahan yang miring dan penggunaan mulsa serasah/jerami, pada lahan-lahan pertanian.

Kata kunci: DAS Wai Ela, faktor koreksi 0,2547, usulan rehabilitasi lahan, RUSLE
Pengaruh Bobot Biji terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.)
Authors: Indriyani Ni Luh Putu , Emilda Deni
Published: August 2020

One of the horticultural commodities included in the national seed provision program in 2018 is a stinking bean. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of seed weight on stink bean seedling growth. The research was conducted at Sumani Research Station, Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, from September to December 2017. A Complete Randomized Block Design was used in this study consisted of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were stink bean seed weights, namely: A) 1.5-1.8 g; B) 1.9-2.2 g; C) 2.3-2.6 g; D) 2.7-3 g; and E) > 3 g. The observed variables were plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaflet number, total dry weight of plants, length of roots, and a number of living seedlings. Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and was proceeded with HSD test at α 5% if these treatments given gave significantly different effects. The results showed that the stink bean seed weight significantly affected the growth parameters of seedlings, including plant height, stem diameter, leaflet number, dry weights (of roots, upper parts of plants, and total) at 12 weeks after sowing. The seedlings from seeds weighing >3 g had the highest plant height, stem diameter, leaflet number, and dry weight (of roots, upper parts of plants, and total) compared to those seedlings from smaller seeds.

Keywords: stink bean, seed weight, seedling growth

 

ABSTRAK

Salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang termasuk dalam program perbenihan nasional pada tahun 2018 adalah petai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bobot biji terhadap pertumbuhan semai petai. Penelitian dilakukan di KP Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, mulai bulan September sampai Desember 2017. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan adalah bobot biji petai, yaitu: A) 1,5-1,8 g; B) 1,9-2,2 g; C) 2,3-2,6 g; D) 2,7-3 g; dan E) > 3 g. Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun,bobot kering total tanaman, panjang akar dan jumlah benih hidup. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda BNJ 5% jika perlakuan yang diberikan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot biji petai berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan, seperti tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anak daun, bobot kering (akar, bagian atas tanaman dan total) pada umur 12 minggu setelah semai. Semaian dari biji dengan bobot > 3 g mempunyai tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anak daun dan bobot kering (akar, bagian atas tanaman dan total) yang terbesar dibandingkan bibit-bibit dari biji-biji yang lebih kecil.

Kata kunci: bobot biji, pertumbuhan bibit, petai
Notion of Professional’s Secondary Linguistic Personality in Domestic and Foreign Linguodidactics: Systematic Review
Authors: Sorokovykh Galina Vikortovna , Shafikova Inna Rimovna
Published: August 2020

The authors have conducted a systematic review to analyse functioning of the “linguistic personality” concept and alternative concepts in domestic and foreign linguodidactics. The article considers specificity of the “linguistic personality” concept representation in domestic and foreign linguistic and linguodidactic discourses. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the researchers examine functioning of the corresponding terminological units both in the Russian-language and English-language linguistic and linguodidactic discourse. Moreover, the terms “language” / “linguistic persona” / “personality” / “identity” etc. are analysed from the viewpoint of their usage in foreign authors’ works. The conducted research allows identifying two basic tendencies: firstly, existence of multiple representations of the concept “linguistic personality” in the English language, and, secondly, inconsistency in domestic and foreign studies on a personality’s linguistic specificity in the process of teaching professional foreign language.
Developing Creative Competence of a Future Teacher of Foreign Languages on the Basis of Special Exercises
Authors: Kizrina Natal'ya Gennad'evna
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to work out special exercises for developing creative competence in future teachers of foreign languages. The article substantiates the necessity of developing creative competence in future teachers, analyses this notion and offers exercises in a foreign language. Scientific novelty of the research lies in specifying the notion “creative competence of a foreign language teacher”, identifying the conditions under which creative competence is formed at a pedagogical university, working out exercises in a foreign language to develop creative competence in the students pursuing a degree in “Pedagogical Education”. As a result of the study, special exercises in a foreign language are worked out, which make it possible not only to form foreign-language communicative competence but also to propel the development of creative competence in future teachers of foreign languages.
Meaningful Aspect of Using Video Materials as Means to Develop Learners’ English-Language Communicative Competence
Authors: Nikshikova Lana Yurievna , Firsova Anna Mikhailovna
Published: August 2020

The article considers the problem of using video materials when forming learners’ English-language communicative competence, the emphasis is made on the issue of video content security. The use of video materials promotes formation of learners’ linguistic culture and is in tune with modern ergonomic and pedagogical requirements for educational process organization. The article provides a classification of video content and analyses criteria for choosing video materials taking into account their secure use in foreign language teaching. Scientific originality of the study is conditioned by the fact that the choice of educational video materials is considered from the viewpoint of developing learners’ English-language communicative competence and taking into account security of video content and also by the fact that the authors analyse information security risks associated with the use of digital content in educational process. The research findings are as follows: the authors prove that video materials satisfying the basic methodological principles and information security criteria help to overcome cultural and language barrier when learning a foreign (English) language, stimulate learners’ cognitive processes and are safe for target age groups of learners, taking into account modern ergonomic and pedagogical requirements.
Factors Influencing Efficiency of Teaching Audition to Non-Linguistic Students
Authors: Akimova Irina Nikolaevna , Akimova Ekaterina Anatol'evna , Logacheva Natal'ya Mikhailovna
Published: August 2020

The research objective includes identifying the factors influencing the efficiency of teaching audition to non-linguistic students. The article examines the psychological mechanisms involved in speech perception, justifies the necessity to develop these mechanisms when teaching audition as a type of speech activity taking into account the fact that speech perception is an inherent component of communication. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the problem of teaching audition and justify the use of denotation maps (structural-logic schemes of a text) as efficient means to evaluate understanding of foreign speech. The research findings are as follows: the authors justify efficiency of using denotation maps when teaching audition to non-linguistic students, substantiate the provision that denotation maps promote formation of auditory perception mechanisms, develop students’ logical thinking, analytical and information processing skills.
Aspects of Forming Students’ Cultural Knowledge When Teaching Professional Foreign-Language Communication
Authors: Baukina Svetlana Alekseevna , Novikova Inna Valerievna
Published: August 2020

The paper justifies the necessity to form students’ cultural background knowledge and crosscultural competence when teaching professional foreign-language communication. The article examines the phenomenon of cultural background knowledge, analyses numerous interpretations of this notion, describes peculiarities of forming students’ communicative and crosscultural competences, cultural background knowledge when teaching professional foreign-language communication. Teaching professional foreign-language communication is based on situations of professional communication described in the paper. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors provide a theoretical analysis of the notion “background knowledge” within the framework of teaching professional foreign-language communication, introduce new approaches to choosing, modelling and systematizing educational speech situations. The research findings are as follows: the authors analyse the existing interpretations of the notion “background knowledge”, suggest their own definition and provide examples of educational speech situations of professional communication.
Forming Master’s Degree Students’ Projective Skills While Studying the Discipline “Theory and Practice of Educational Process Management”
Authors: Kozilova Lidiya Vasilievna
Published: August 2020

The paper examines formation of Master’s degree students’ projective skills while studying the discipline “Theory and Practice of Educational Process Management”. The article analyses the concept “educational space” from the viewpoint of the activity-based approach, reveals importance of Master’s degree students’ projective skills, describes the logic of educational space projection within the framework of the Master’s degree course “Theory and Practice of Educational Process Management” taking into account inclusive education. In accordance with the research objective, the author reveals the content and structure of professional competence, describes a sequence of tasks students perform when preparing for intermediate assessment. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher introduces her original approach to formation of students’ projective skills while studying the discipline “Theory and Practice of Educational Process Management”, substantiates criteria to assess the level of professional competence and develops a grading scale, proposes a system of multi-level intermediary tasks on the discipline (threshold level, basic level, advanced level) in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (FSES HE 3++) (Master’s degree program, subject area “Pedagogy”). The research findings are as follows: the author justifies relevance of the proposed system of tasks aimed to develop Master’s degree students’ projective skills. In fact, the proposed organizational and methodological model is based on administrative strategies that can be implemented in various forms taking into account results of studies on educational space projection.
Teaching Literary Translation by the Material of the Russian Folk Tales to Linguistic Students
Authors: Fokeeva Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2020

The research objective includes developing methodological techniques to improve efficiency of future translators’ literary translation training. The methodology is described by the example of the Russian folk tales translation. The study aims to identify universal and nationally specific elements in the fairy-tale text structure and to analyse translation variants. Scientific originality of the research involves developing methodological recommendations on work with literary texts while teaching the discipline “Literary Translation”. The research findings are as follows: the author substantiates the necessity of purposeful teaching future translators to work with a fiction text, proposes an algorithm of working with a literary text and a set of exercises to develop literary translation skills.
Relevansi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 22/PUU-XV/2017 dalam Upaya Mencegah Perkawinan Usia Anak
Authors: Ilhami Haniah
Published: August 2020

This research concludes that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 22 / PUU-XV / 2017 which mandates the legislators to revise the age-limit of marriage, is irrelevant in preventing child-age marriages. Indonesian marriage legal system continues to open up opportunities for deviations of the principle of age-limit of marriage  through Dispensation of Marriage. This research finds the juridical development on Dispensation of Marriage on the type of marriage requiring Dispensation of Marriage, the applicant of Dispensation of Marriage, the authority to provide Dispensation of Marriage, and the administrative requirements to submit the Dispensation. Based on these developments, several factors that cause irrelevancy of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 22 / PUU-XV / 2017 in preventing child-age marriages are the absence of specific requirements in the application of Dispensation of Marriage to the court, the existence of the Principle of Freedom in procedural law, the voluntary nature attached in the request for Dispensation of Marriage, as well as the extension of provisions of applicants who can submit an application to the court.
Pemilihan Umum Serentak yang Berintegritas sebagai Pembaruan Demokrasi Indonesia
Authors: Subiyanto Achmad Edi
Published: August 2020

Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden setelah Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah ternyata dalam perkembangannya tidak mampu menjadi alat transformasi perubahan sosial ke arah yang dikehendaki. Pengalaman praktik ketatanegaraan tersebut, tidak memberi penguatan atas sistem pemerintahan yang dikehendaki oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Oleh karena itu, melalui Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Pemilihan Umum diselenggarakan secara serentak. Namun demikian terdapat kelemahan dalam penyusunan kebijakan pelaksanaan Pemilihan Umum serentak. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi seharusnya diikuti oleh proses penyusunan kebijakan berbasis bukti dengan data yang kuat dan berdasarkan simulasi terhadap penyelenggaraan. Dengan demikian, beban penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum dapat diidentifikasi sejak awal dan langkah-langkah untuk meminimalisasi resiko dapat dipikirkan jika terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan. Kemudian yang tidak kalah penting adalah perlu dievaluasi mengenai persoalan integritas penyelenggara atau peserta Pemilihan Umum, misalnya dengan memperketat sistem rekrutmen, sehingga dapat mewujudkan Pemilihan Umum serentak yang berintegritas di masa yang akan datang.
Pembatasan Kekuasaan Presiden dalam Melakukan Perjanjian Pinjaman Luar Negeri Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945
Authors: Paputungan Merdiansa , Hoesein Zainal Arifin
Published: August 2020

Salah satu isu yang menjadi konteks empiris pada saat amandemen UUD 1945, adalah pinjaman luar negeri Indonesia pada masa Orde Baru. Hal ini mendorong perubahan Pasal 11 UUD 1945, yang pada pokoknya menentukan sebuah keharusan bagi Presiden untuk mendapatkan persetujuan DPR dalam membuat perjanjian pinjaman luar negeri. Akan tetapi dalam pengaturan kemudian, persetujuan DPR sebagai bentuk pembatasan kekuasaan Presiden di bidang diplomatik ini, justru direduksi menjadi persetujuan yang terbatas diberikan terhadap Undang-Undang APBN. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengurai berbagai permasalahan seputar persetujuan DPR sebagai bentuk pembatasan kekuasaan Presiden, dan pengaturannya dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Pasca amandemen UUD 1945.
A Survey about the Effects of the Commissioned Street Art on Physical and Social Spaces
Authors: KIZILKAN Gözde , OCAKÇI Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Urban spaces are constantly transformed and revitalized in the process of globalization. The rising significance of art enhances the ambience and perception of the public areas in cities. The integration of commissioned street art in urban spaces can form a prosperous physical and social environment. The commissioned street artworks are being used as a favorable step as a part of the contemporary art world. The strategic distribution of the authorized artistic productions in the public open areas develops visually aesthetic and meaningful places. This survey aims to study, examine and reveal the effects of the commissioned street artworks on physical and social spaces, in order to disclose their current integration in the urban fabric, the mutual interaction with the viewers, and the relations between the artists and authorities. The survey begins with a literature review on the transformation of conventional graffiti to modern street art and continues with conceptualizing legitimate street art and events around the world. With the help of the mixed-method research, questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted in a field of study. By the comparison tables of the conceived statements, a conclusion was drawn about the socio-physical space interpretation of the commissioned street artworks, and how to make them long-lasting and in communication with their surroundings.
Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari; Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam
Authors: Sainuddin Ibnu Hajar , Arsyam Muhammad , Wekke Ismail Suardi , Rajjako Ardiansyah
Published: August 2020

Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari merupakan seorang ulama nusantara bahkan ulama yang mendunia. Beliau juga dikenal sebagai pahlawan nasional bahkan seorang pahlawan internasional. Berkat pemikirannnya sehingga menjadi inspirator bagi Nelson Mandela dan rakyat Afrika Selatan dalam melawan penjajahan Apartheid. Dalam perjalanan hidupnya, beliau juga berhasil dalam mengembangkan agama Islam di empat negeri yaitu di Gowa (Sulawesi Selatan) di Banten (Jawa Barat), di Caylon (Sri Langka) bahkan sampai ke Cape Town (Afrika Selatan).
Why is the term 'developmental bias' misleading? (full version)
Authors: Gecow Andrzej
Published: August 2020

The term 'developmental bias' promoted in the Special Issue of ‘Evolution & Development’ was initially defined as the effect in evolution direction creating by correlation of changed developmental parameters. The understanding of the term is in the Special Issue much broader and very poorly defined. Promoting such a broad term related to observation makes difficult to explain specific mechanisms. It is now time for the task of explaining to become more important in biology than just collecting facts. The term requires quick organization and division into many different concepts. I suggest replacing this term with a shorter one (devbias) with an additional tip indicating a specific variant according to the proposed ordering system. Mainly the mechanisms giving variability clearly focused on greater fitness (devbiases4) have been added. Devbias4 was treated in Special Issue as an independent source of adaptation supporting natural selection. Focusing on the time interval of current evolution, where collected devbiases4 indeed supports natural selection, it is usually forgotten to stress that they are also the result of previous natural selection and only mediate the transmission of its effects. This leads to a dangerous message beyond biology that scientific observations have shown that the Darwinian mechanism is not the only source of adaptation. By the way of ordering ‘devbias’ the understanding of ‘randomness’ is discussed to show differences between ‘flat distribution’, ‘variation blind on needs’ and ‘real random variability’ which in Special Issue are typically mixed.
Effects of Shinrin-Yoku Retreat on Mental Health: A Pilot Study in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Fido Dean
Published: August 2020

Shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) is a cost-effective healing practice, and has attracted the interest of scientists. Recently, its effects on mental health has been increasingly reported. Japanese university students suffer from high rates of mental health problems, and the number of suicides remain high, despite the total number of suicides in Japan has been decreasing. Effective mental health approaches are sought after for Japanese students, however healthful treatment has not been identified to date. Accordingly, this pre-post pilot study evaluated the levels of mental wellbeing, self-compassion, and loneliness among 25 Japanese undergraduate students who participated in a three-day shinrin-yoku retreat in Fukushima, before, straight after and two weeks after the retreat. The mean scores of mental wellbeing increased significantly from pre-retreat to post-retreat; self-compassion and common humanity increased significantly from pre-retreat to follow-up; and mindfulness increased significantly from pre-retreat to post-retreat, and from pre-retreat to follow-up. The mean scores of loneliness did not make any significant changes. As self-compassion has been found strongly associated with mental health of university students, shinrin-yoku retreat should be evaluated with a larger sample and in a shorter time frame.
The male bias of a generically-intended masculine pronoun: Evidence from eye-tracking and sentence evaluation
Authors: Redl Theresa , Frank Stefan L. , de Swart Peter , de Hoop Helen
Published: August 2020

Two experiments tested whether the Dutch possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ gives rise to a gender inference and thus causes a male bias when used generically in sentences such as Everyone was putting on his shoes. Experiment 1 (N = 120, 48 male) was a conceptual replication of a previous eye-tracking study that had not found evidence of a male bias. The results of the current eye-tracking experiment showed the masculine generic pronoun to trigger a gender inference and cause a male bias, but for male participants and in neutral stereotype contexts only. No evidence for a male bias was thus found in stereotypically female and male contexts and for female participants altogether. Experiment 2 (N = 80, 40 male) used the same stimuli as Experiment 1, but employed the sentence evaluation paradigm. No evidence of a male bias was found in Experiment 2. Taken together, the results suggest that the masculine generic pronoun zijn ‘his’ can cause a male bias for male participants when no other gender information is provided, but only surfaces with a method such as eye-tracking, which taps directly into automatic language processing. Furthermore, the results suggest that the intended generic reading of the masculine possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ is readily available for women.
Is it obligatory to donate effectively? Judgments about the wrongness of donating ineffectively
Authors: Caviola Lucius , Schubert Stefan
Published: August 2020

Most donations end up with relatively ineffective charities. In this paper, we present five preliminary studies on the hypothesis that people don’t find it obligatory to donate effectively. We find that people typically do not find it obligatory to donate to highly effective charities. We explore the conditions under which people do consider it obligatory to help effectively. For example, we find that people consider effectiveness more important when they are the only person who can help, or when the ineffective option is Pareto dominated by a more effective option. We also find that judgments of how obligatory it is to donate effectively are correlated with judgments of how obligatory it is to donate in the first place.
Breastfeeding Pattern and its Associated Factors Among Mothers Working at Two Hospitals in Kathmandu
Authors: Basnet Srijana , Shrestha Merina , Adhikari Tulashi , Shakya Aarati
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Breastfeeding practices of women working at the hospital are likely to be modified by the facilities and support that they receive at the hospital. This study was done to evaluate the breast feeding practices and to analyse important factors that are associated with exclusive breast feeding till six months among women working at hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal

Methods: A total of 110 women, with a young child between the ages of six months and two years were recruited from two hospitals in Kathmandu. A predesigned structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results: The mean age of the mothers was 29.85 ± 3.68 years. Ninety seven (88.2%) women were aware about initiation of breastfeeding within first hour of birth but only 64 (58.2%) women could practice it. Most women 100 (90.9%) were aware about exclusive breastfeeding but only 18 (16.3%) could practice exclusive breastfeeding till six months.  Mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.86 ± 2.00 months and 20 (18.2%) mothers practiced mixed feeding since birth. The participants whose babies had prelacteal feeding had significantly shorter duration of mean exclusive breast feed {1.92 ± 2.18 (S.D)} compared to those who did not have prelacteal feed {3.33 ± 1.74 (S.D)}  (p = 0.001). Those who delivered by normal vaginal delivery, initiated breastfeeding within first hour of delivery, expressed breast milk and got feeding breaks were associated with longer duration of mean exclusive breast feed.

Conclusion: The breast feeding practices among working women at hospital is quite low compared to national statistics on IYCF. Breast milk expression and feeding breaks for lactating working women could improve feeding practices.
Parvovirus Encephalitis: Looking Through the Eyes
Authors: Maity Debasis , Biswas Arnab , Mitra Sonali
Published: August 2020

Parvovirus B19 usually causes less severe symptomatic infections. Its severity depends upon the affected cells of a particular organ system. Whereas diseases affecting the skin and haematological systems tend to be milder, affection of CNS may turn serious. Direct invasion or NS1 toxicity of Parvo virus B19 has been postulated behind CNS tropism. Here we depict Parvovirus B19 causing acute encephalitis and ophthalmoplegia in an immunocompetent male child, taking an eventful course, responded with IVIG & steroids, reversed the symptoms except some VEP abnormalities. This explores the need for timely intervention with immunotherapy in such cases to prevent permanent sequelae.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Presenting as Pancytopenia with Hepatosplenomegaly in an Infant
Authors: Gauchan Prerana , Giri Bishnu Rath , Bhatta Uma
Published: August 2020

Deficiency of vitamin B12 due to nutritional insufficiency is common in developing part of world. Serum vitamin B12 level in infants is determined by the foetal storage during pregnancy. Therefore, evaluation on vitamin B12 level during pregnancy is essential for prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy. Here we report a vitamin B12 deficient infant who presented with hepatosplenomegaly with pancytopenia including normocytic anaemia and circulating atypical cells. It is also a reminder to clinicians about the uncommon manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency which mimics haematological malignancy.
Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Patients Admitted into Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Anil Kumar , Bhattarai Susan , Paudel Prajwal , Basel Prem Lal
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) takes care of critically ill paediatric patients. Regular evaluation of the outcomes of patients admitted to PICU is important to assess the effectiveness of various interventions. This study aimed to find the morbidity and mortality pattern of patients admitted to PICU of tertiary level Paediatric hospital of Nepal.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross sectional observational study using the records of all the patients admitted to PICU of a tertiary level hospital from January 2017 to August 2017. We collected data on age, sex, geographical distribution, duration of PICU stay and the morbidity and mortality outcomes. Outcome is classified as transfer to ward, leave against medical advice (LAMA) and death. Data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 23.

Results: Out of 358 patients admitted to PICU, the mean age was 1.83 years. Majority were infants (54.5%) with male:female ratio of 1.8:1. The major causes of PICU admission were respiratory disease (27.7%) followed by CNS disease (19.6%) and infections (17.3%). The average length of stay was 6.27 days. Overall mortality was 22.7%.

Conclusion: Respiratory infections were the primary cause of PICU admission and overall mortality rate was high at 22.7%. However, mortality rate was even worse for patients with multi-system involvement. We need prospective studies to examine the underlying reasons for mortality among patients with multi-system involvement.
Militaristic Visions of New France in the French Atlantic World, 1663–1763
Authors: Kennedy Gregory
Published: August 2020

In this historiographical article, Gregory Kennedy discusses the evolution of the military history of New France within the transatlantic perspective, in particular, concerning the Seven Years’ War. Bringing together the magisterial work of Louise Dechêne, which is dedicated to war and society in New France, with new contributions from American historians working in the field, Kennedy demonstrates that the Atlantic turn has opened new avenues of inquiry with regard to agency and military service. He situates these developments in larger debates about the nature of New France society, including reference to particular militaristic visions emanating from Versailles as well as local conditions in Acadie. Historical actors (metropolitan, colonial, and Indigenous) interpreted military objectives, victories, and setbacks in different ways. Culture and sociability emerged as key themes for the effective integration of regular, militia, and allied forces. Events in New France – in particular, the large-scale mobilization of the habitant militia – ultimately influenced Enlightenment thinking about military reform and patriotism in France. They also shaped the administration of a new British North America.
Os benefícios sociais e a socioeconomia de comunidades rurais do município de Tefé, Amazonas
Authors: Costa Danglares de Souza , Coelho Alex Almeida
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo é a descrição dos impactos dos benefícios sociais na socioeconomia de comunidades rurais de Tefé (AM). As comunidades analisadas foram: Agrovila, Maranata, São Francisco, Agrovila da Emade, Boa Vontade e Bom Jesus. A amostra é composta por 61 domicílios e a análise tem caráter quanti-qualitativo.  Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para a elaboração e geração de resultados sobre os rendimentos e despesas, construindo assim parte da análise das realidades sociais e econômicas das comunidades. Essa etapa quantitativa levantou dados referentes às relações socioeconômicas da amostra. Já a qualitativa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas que também complementaram os dados quantitativos. Os nomes citados nos dados qualitativos são fictícios para garantir a privacidade dos participantes. Os benefícios sociais contribuem de forma significativa para as famílias. O Bolsa Família e as aposentadorias são empregados na compra de vestuário, material escolar e alimentação. A aposentadoria ainda se aplica na compra de remédios, exames, viagens e bens. Possuir um cartão de benefício é garantia de crédito no mercado, pois são rendimentos mensais regulares, o que viabiliza poder de compra aos beneficiários. Portanto, de forma direta os benefícios sociais são elementos que possibilitam novos cenários na economia dos domicílios dessas comunidades rurais.
O direito humano a alimentação adequada e saudável e a política da assistência social
Authors: Fernandes Raquel de Aragão Uchoa
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo tratar as interfaces entre SUAS e o SISAN na efetivação dos Direitos Humanos de modo geral e, em particular do Direito Humano à Alimentação. Apresentamos uma abordagem qualitativa sobre o tema, resultante de trabalho de formação desenvolvido na Política de Educação Permanente dos/as trabalhadores/as do SUAS, através do projeto CapacitaSUAS /PE.  Neste artigo as interfaces entre SUAS e o SISAN são apresentadas e analisadas a partir dos aspectos apontados pelos/as trabalhadores/as do SUAS a partir da realidade dos municípios em que atuam. O material para a análise foi levantado a partir do  curso, SUAS e SISAN: A segurança alimentar e nutricional e a inserção no Sistema Único da Assistência Social, que foi ofertado na modalidade Ensino a Distância, com a participação de 381 cursistas. Para os/as trabalhadores/as a insegurança alimentar está diretamente relacionada a fome. O CRAS é apontado como principal equipamento, no entanto a resposta nos municípios é reportada a apenas duas ofertas, a do Programa Bolsa Família e aos benefícios eventuais. A intersetorialidade entre as políticas é tida como desafio e a integração no cotidiano dos municípios como frágil ou inexistente.
Is Neuraxial Clonidine a Safer Alternative to Opioids for Chronic Pain? An Alternative Worth Exploring
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Mekhail Nagy , Costandi Shrif , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Fiore Gregory , Xu Jijun , Acevedo-Moreno Lou-Anne , Kapural Leonardo , Rezai Ali R. , Gilligan Chris
Published: August 2020

Objective: Exploring the potential role of clonidine as an alternative to the currently available neuraxial
medication options for the management of chronic pain.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted investigating the treatment of chronic pain
using clonidine over the past 73 years. A stepwise filtering approach was used to obtain articles addressing
neuraxial treatment of chronic pain in adults. Selected articles were assessed for their levels of evidence
followed by a discussion of their contribution to the understanding of the role of clonidine in chronic pain
management.
Results: Out of 1,035 articles that described the administration of clonidine for chronic pain management,
seven articles met all of the inclusion criteria. Their levels of evidence ranged from 1a to 4 (Oxford Centre
CEBM). Neuraxial administration of clonidine was found to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain,
often exhibiting a synergistic effect with other analgesics to provide pain reduction with reduced opioid use.
The most common side effect was hypotension, in some cases reported to have been serious.
Conclusion: The use of neuraxial clonidine, in either a primary or adjunctive role, appears promising as an
effective treatment for chronic pain.