bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Competitive and Firm Analyses with Computer Graphics in a Simulation Environment
Authors: Woodruff Charles K.
Published: March 2007

The author modified the Business Management Laboratory (BML) business game simulation to update a data base in dBASE III Plus and Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet formats. Computer graphics compressed the volume of data for analysis and displayed the primary decision-making data relationships. Student assignments included a competitive analysis (28 graphs) and a firm analysis (18 graphs). A graphics-data base interface imported Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet data directly into Harvard Graphics chart files. Each graph was displayed on a color monitor. Experience using color graphics interfaced with a business game simulation was discussed.
How Should I Spend My $25 Million Lottery Winnings?
Authors: Powers Richard B.
Published: March 2007

The character of NASAGA is described through a personal history. Some persistent problems with the organization and the discipline of simulation and gaming are then detailed. A fantasy is described in which a large sum of money is left to the organization so that it could establish a simulation and gaming chair at a major university, internships, scholarships, and so forth. Suppose these well-intentioned actions caused NASAGA's membership to grow to 10,000? What are the implications for NASAGA's character if it grew this large? How should the field and NASAGA handle future growth in its next 25 years?
Personal Reflections on My Experiences with Simulations
Authors: Wheatley Walter J.
Published: March 2007

As both a designer and user of simulations, the author has advocated the use of simulations as an effective means to enhance the education process for many years. Although the journey has sometimes been tortuous, the author firmly believes that simulations are here to stay. Today, not only the academic sector, but also the private and public sectors owe a debt of gratitude to those early simulation gurus who overcame many obstacles to provide us with one of the most viable mediums of knowledge transfer that we take for granted today.
Simulation in Just-In-Time Implementation
Authors: Park Paul S.
Published: March 2007

Among the many changes required in implementing a just-in-time (JIT) production system, the change from batch to level production was the most difficult part in a consumer electronics company in Korea Simulation was used to persuade workers of the importance of level production by comparing the performance of batch production to level production. This article describes how simulation was used to convince workers to change and later to show them the improvements resulting from that change.
The Development of Simulation and Gaming in Britain: A SAGSET View
Authors: van Ments Morry
Published: March 2007

The use of simulation and gaming techniques in British education underwent rapid growth in the early 1970s. This was due to a number of factors, one of which was the founding of a society, the Society for the Advancement of Gaming and Simulation in Education and Training (SAG-SET), devoted to educational simulation and gaming. This article traces the growth of SAGSET and some aspects of the parallel growth of simulation and gaming in the United Kingdom. It draws some tentative conclusions about the relationship of the growth and decline in the use of these techniques and the changing political climate of the times.
Academic Resources for Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Katz Jerome A. , Green Richard P.
Published: March 2007

Four types of resources are outlined to orient and support individuals interested in teaching entrepreneurship or related disciplines: (a) academic programs, (b) text-based teaching resources, (c) Internet-based resources, and (d) research resources. In each, an overview of the academic infrastructure is provided, and specific key resources are identified for future pursuit.
Trainers' Use of Games: Some Preliminary Explorations
Authors: Kirk James J.
Published: March 2007

The aim of this study was to initiate exploratory research into what trainers say are their purposes for using training games. Although a number of studies has examined the use of training games, little attention has thus far been given to individual trainer differences with respect to the use of these games. From a pedagogical or group process perspective, barely anything is known about what trainers hope to accomplish by using instructional games. The same can be said for the ways individual trainer characteristics and demographics influence trainers' use of games.
Learning to Converse in a Foreign Language: The Reception Game
Authors: Kaplan Marsha A.
Published: March 2007

The RECEPTION GAME is an exercise for teaching ordinary social conversational skills to adult foreign language learners who use such skills in their professional work at posts abroad. Of all the tasks carried out in the target language at post, learners claim to experience the most difficulty participating in ordinary social conversation. The properties of ordinary social conversation imply that language learners practice following unpredictable turns in topic, displaying involvement, and producing unplanned speech. Challenges for teaching social conversation lie with classroom interactional patterns whose characteristic turn-taking structure is unlike that of ordinary social conversation. This design for teaching conversational skills-combining elements of simulation and experiential learning-takes into account conversation's rapport-building function, turn-taking mechanisms, and open-ended structure, as well as listening demands for following rapid shifts in topic and displaying understanding and involvement in the interaction.
Hidden Damage to Facilitators and Participants
Authors: Jones Ken
Published: March 2007

Facilitators can be and often are unaware of damage that may be caused by participation in interactive learning events (simulations, role-plays, games, etc.). This is sometimes due to a confusion about what sort of event is taking place. Two hypothetical situations and one real incident are provided and analyzed. Lessons are drawn and recommendations given.
Business Simulation Games: Current Usage Levels—An Update
Authors: Faria A. J.
Published: March 2007

A major survey involving more than 1,500 mail questionnaires was administered just over 10 years ago to determine the extent of business simulation game usage in academia and in business training programs. This article updates the earlier study through a mailing of 1,583 questionnaires to business school deans, business faculty, and training and development managers in industry. The findings from this study show that business simulation game usage in academia and in industry has continued to grow over the past 10 years with expectations for further growth.
Learning from the Children: Practical and Theoretical Reflections on Playing and Learning
Authors: Corbeil Pierre
Published: March 2007

Despite long years of effort and experimentation, the use of simulation/games for education has known little acceptance. In reaction to this, there has been a tendency to sharply distinguish adult games from children’s games. The author’s experience and observation leads him to argue that there is, in fact, a continuity and that the elements of games that favor learning in children are also at work with adults. However, there is a progression from child to adult, and the games used with adults must be adapted to the adult’s interest in games. The article ends with some practical suggestions for pursuing this approach.
The International Futures (IFs) Modeling Project
Authors: Hughes Barry B.
Published: March 2007

Since 1980, the International Futures (IFs) project has produced three generations of the world model with that name. The IFs model facilitates analysis of global demographic, economic, energy, agricultural, environmental, and sociopolitical systems into or through the 21st century. The most recent release within the third generation provides detail on more than 200 variables across as many as 20 different countries and regions. IFs has increasingly evolved from a global model to a global modeling system that allows analysis of data and analytical relationships across 162 countries. The system runs under Microsoft Windows with a menu-driven structure for simplified scenario analysis. IFs is widely available for educational use and policy analysis. The primary focal points of analysis with IFs are (a) elements of the possible transition toward sustainability in the 21st century, and (b) aspects of sociopolitical change within countries and in the global system.
Guidelines for Evaluating Outcome Studies on Social Work Practice
Authors: Thyer Bruce A.
Published: March 2007

In order for the findings of practice research to have an impact on the profession, they must be publicly disseminated in a scientifically credible manner. This article presents guidelines to evaluate articles describing practice research studies using group designs in social work Apart from their use by social practitioners seeking guidance from the professional literature, these guidelines may also be used by researchers themselves to assist in the preparation of articles.
Effects of a Skills Training Intervention With Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Hawkins J. David , Jenson Jeffrey M. , Catalano Richard F. , Wells Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2007

A test was conducted of a cognitive-behavioral skills training program with 141 incarcerated juvenile delinquents. Subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental skills training or normal institutional treatment control group after blocking on county of origin, race, and sex to ensure group equivalence. A behavioral role-play inventory, the Adolescent Problem Situation Inventory, was used to assess subjects' skill levels before and immediately following the intervention. Data were examined for evidence of skill differences at posttest and generalization of skills to untrained role-play situations. Experimental subjects had significantly higher posttest scores than did control subjects in situations involving avoidance of drug use, self-control, and social interaction and interpersonal problem solving. Generalization of skills to untrained role-play situations was found among experimental subjects. No evidence of interactive effects of gender, race, offense type, or pretreatment drug use on posttest skill level was found
Parent Skills Training: Expanding School-Based Services for Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Kissman Kris
Published: March 2007

This article reports the results of a collaborative intervention effort between a teen-parent program and a school of social work Social work faculty and students participated in a program aimed at strengthening parental skills and the utilization of social support among adolescent mothers who were enrolled in a special high school program. The results of this evaluation study point to additional factors, such as empathy training and stress management, which need to be included in a comprehensive service-delivery program for school-age mothers.
Are Social Work Journal Editorial Boards Competent? Some Disquieting Data With Implications for Research on Social Work Practice
Authors: Pardeck John T.
Published: March 2007

This article describes a citation analysrs of the journal-article contributions of the editorial board members of selected social work and psychology journals. Social work editorial board members are cited by other scholars significantly less frequently than psychology journal editorial board members. This conclusion is based on the number of times editorial board members of selected social work and psychology journals were cited in the 1989 volume of the Social Sciences Citation Index. The implications of this finding for research on social work practice are discussed.
Community Service by Offenders: How Much Does the Community Benefit?
Authors: McIvor Gill
Published: March 2007

Community service orders enable convicted offenders to perform unpaid work of benefit to their local community. In Scotland, community service schemes are operated by the social work departments, who have responsibility for the provision of statutory social work services in the criminal justice system. The present article describes the experiences and views of 567 members of the public who had work, such as painting and decorating or gardening, carried out by offenders in community service work teams during 1989. The results of the survey indicated that such work was highly valued by the recipients who would, with few exceptions, be willing to make use of the service in the future. The importance of community service schemes providing work that both benefits the community and offers the offender a constructive experience is emphasized.
Implications of the Pre/Post/Then Design for Evaluating Social Group Work
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth A. R. , Doueck Howard J.
Published: March 2007

Pre/post designs that rely on self-report measures are potentially contaminated by response shift bias, a change in respondents' understanding of the phenomena being measured between the pre- and posttests. Retrospective pretests, or then tests, have been shown to be useful in identifying response shifts. Pre/post/then designs are highly utilitarian designs that have the potential of providing more accurate assessments of respondent change. This article reviews the literature on response shift bias and the utility of retrospective pretests m detecting such bias. Three studies that used the pre/post/then design to evaluate self-reported changes in caseworker abilities (knowledge or skill) relative to practice evaluation, basic interviewing skills, and/or assessment are described.
Social Support Resource Outcomes for the Clients of Two Assertive Community Treatment Teams
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: March 2007

Persons with serious mental illness require natural as well as professional supports to maintain successful community integration. Assertive community treatment programs have become preferred treatment modalities nationally for working with such clients, but their potential for developing natural social support resources has not been examined adequately. In this project, two types of community treatment teams were studied, one featuring the extensive use of group treatment modalities and the other using individual client/case manager interventions, with regard to social support outcomes for clients. Through the use of an ex post facto design and analysis of covariance statistics, it was found that the group treatment sample had developed larger personal support networks. There were no differences between groups in the other three dependent variables including range of social network cluster involvements and levels of perceived friend and family support. The group treatment sample also reported more personal contacts in four network clusters. There were gender differences in network size for the entire sample with males reporting larger support networks than females.
Service Delivery Differences Between Consumer and Nonconsumer Case Managers in Mental Health
Authors: Solomon Phyllis , Draine Jeffrey
Published: March 2007

This analysis sought to determine whether a team of mental health service consumers delivered intensive case management services differently than a team of nonconsumer case managers. Ninety-six seriously mentally ill clients were randomly assigned to consumer and nonconsumer teams of case managers. Service documentation for each client's first year of service was analyzed by condition using t-tests, discriminant function, and multiple regression. Consumer case managers delivered more services face-to-face with the client and fewer services in the office and in interactions with family members or other mental health service providers. If current trends continue, social workers in mental health will be delivering more services with consumers as peer service providers or supervisees.
Grandparents Rearing Grandchildren: A School-Based Small Group Intervention
Authors: Burnette Denise
Published: March 2007

Although support groups are the most popular source of education and support for the growing number of grandparents who are rearing their grandchildren, the nature and efficacy of these groups have not been documented. This article presents data from an exploratory study of an 8-week school-based small group intervention. Comparison of pre- and posttest measures showed a reduction in depressive symptoms and in use of distancing as a coping strategy. Seeking social support and planful problem solving increased, as did knowledge about grandparent- related social services. Implications for social work practice and future research are discussed.
Adequacy of Care: The Concept and Its Measurement
Authors: Morrow-Howell Nancy , Proctor Enola K. , Dore Peter
Published: March 2007

This article presents a methodology for measuring the adequacy of care. Little attention has been given to how well services, both informal and formal, come together to meet the specific needs of dependent elderly in-home care. The measure of adequacy of care derives from an assessment of need and assistance received in 14 activities of daily living. In each activity area where the elderly need assistance, assessments are made of the quantity and quality of care received from formal and informal sources. This information is then used to produce several scores. Information for the measure can be denved from either self-report by the elderly or from professional assessment. The scores are useful to social workers for both clinical and research purposes
Psychopharmacology and Social Work Practice: Introduction
Authors: Dziegielewski Sophia F.
Published: March 2007

This article provides an overview of the medication issues and concerns that social workers will encounter in practice Special emphasis is placed on the role of the social worker in regard to new trends in the field. Knowledge regarding medication use and misuse is highlighted. The intent is to provide social work professionals with a basic knowledge of medication-prescribing considerations to assist with assuming a client broker and advocate stance for the clients served.
Clients' Right to Competent and Ethical Treatment
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: March 2007

Although clients do not have a right to effective treatment, they do a have a right to competent and ethical treatment. Clients have a right to expect that social workers will provide services in a manner consistent with prevailing practice and ethical standards. This article explores social workers' obligation to provide service competently and ethically, focusing especially on issues related to social workers' guaranteeing treatment results, expertise, and competence; repre senting qualifications and expertise; monitoring and evaluating treatment effectiveness; and using of research-based knowledge to guide practice.
Physicians in Restraints: HMO Gatekeepers and their Perceptions of Demanding Patients
Authors: Stearns Cindy A.
Published: March 2007

This study examines the implications of contemporary bureaucratic organizational forms for professionals and their clients by considering the case of doctors working for health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Physicians are gatekeepers who define patient access to health care resources. The study finds that gatekeepers within some HMOs are constrained by the organization of medical practice. The most important organizational constraints over gatekeeping are utilization review and the alteration of traditional relationships between gatekeeping physicians and their consultants. The resulting patterns of interactions, both between professionals and between professionals and their clients, lead physicians to view their HMO patients as characteristically demanding.
Hope Work in the Care of Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: Perakyla Anssi
Published: March 2007

The interactional practices through which staff members and patients shape their medical identities as the patient approaches death in hospital are examined in this article. A recurrent conversational "Activity, whereby the medical identities of the patient and the staff are explicated in terms of the hopefulness of the situation, is identified and defined as "hope work." Hope work has three variants: in curative hope work, the patient is defined as "getting better"; in palliative hope work, he or she is defined as "feeling better"; and in the work to dismantle hope, the patient is defined as being "past recovery. " Conflicts arise when different parties employ different types of hope work. All variants of hope work are linked to the maintenance of the legitimacy of medicine in relation to the death of the patients.
Use of the Preinterview in Oral History
Authors: Paterson Barbara , Bramadat Ina J.
Published: March 2007

The majority of writings regarding interviewing in qualitative research have emphasized the actual interview process. Few authors have detailed the preparation of the participants and researcher that could occur prior to the research interview. In this article, the use of the preinterview as the preparatory stage of the research interview is discussed. The ideal content and structure of the preinterview are identified, and examples are provided regarding the benefits and the limitations of the preinterview as experienced by the authors in their oral history research. The article concludes with a discussion of future research imperatives pertaining to the need for and the use of pre-interviewing in qualitative research.
Adolescent Sibling Bereavement: An Ongoing Attachment
Authors: Hogan Nancy , DeSantis Lydia
Published: March 2007

A taxonomy of the adolescent sibling bereavement process was developed from the responses of 157 bereaved adolescents to the question "If you could ask or tell your dead sibling something, what would it be?" The taxonomy had six mutually exclusive categories: regretting, endeavoring to understand, catching up, reaffirming, influencing, and reuniting. Pervasive throughout the taxonomy was the theme of "ongoing attachment"; that is, the emotional and social bond with the deceased sibling remains continuous throughout the bereavement process. The notion of ongoing presence illustrates the timelessness of adolescent bereavement and the infiniteness of the sibling bond. The phenomena of "ongoing presence" and timelessness challenge current medical science conceptualizations of bereavement that postulate that grief is time bound and that healthy recovery depends on severance of emotional bonds with the deceased. Qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to develop a substantive theory of adolescent sibling bereavement that is developmentally appropriate, accounts for variability by cause of and circumstances surrounding the death, and is culturally relevant.
Filial Reconstruction: A Theory of Development through Adversity
Authors: Sohier Raphella
Published: March 2007

The grounded theory investigation reported in this article was directed toward explicating the grieving process in the parents of gay men dying from AIDS. The participants, 64 biological parents, described the phenomena. Six of their gay sons were also interviewed. Participant observation of parents and sons in support groups, in social interactions, and in the course of volunteer hospice contacts occurred over a 4-and-one-half-year period. In the closure process, those parents who closed unconditionally with their sons proceeded through a process of transcendence to filial reconstruction. This state or condition provided psychological and spiritual or moral freedom for the dying person and prepared his parents to enter an uncomplicated grieving process after his death. Only families in the sample closed the chapter in an unconditional manner.
Values and the Use of Community Services
Authors: King Sharon , Collins Clare , Liken Michelle
Published: March 2007

Objective factors have traditionally been used to study service use. Difficulty in explaining variability in service use has resulted in suggestions that thought be given to subjective factors. Difficulty in isolating subjective factors led to this study of the types of values that influence the use of community services by caregivers of persons with dementing disease. Persons who care for family members who have dementing diseases face an arduous task that has been described as requiring a "36-hour day" but report low rates of community service use. A content analysis was conducted of interview responses of 34 caregivers of a relative with dementia. Three major value concepts were identified: family obligation, reciprocity, and the need for control. Matrices were then developed to explore potential links between expressed values and patterns of use of community services. Implications for clinical practice and research are presented.
Reciprocity and Social Support in Caregivers' Relationships: Variations and Consequences
Authors: Neufeld Anne , Harrison Margaret J.
Published: March 2007

Support from family and friends is important in caregiving and has been associated with positive health of the caregiver. Reciprocity is a dimension of support that may be restricted in the relationships of caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether reciprocity exists in relationships with friends and family as well as with the care recipient. Two groups of women were included: 20 mothers of premature infants and 20 women caring for older persons with cognitive impairment. Perceptions of reciprocity were explored in in-depth interactive interviews with the caregivers over 18 months. This article describes the four variations in reciprocity and the process of monitoring that were identified from content analysis: reciprocity, generalized reciprocity, waived reciprocity, and constructed reciprocity. Constructed reciprocity was used only with the care recipient. Some caregivers provided care by obligation with no reciprocity. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for research and practice.
"You're Gonna be Naked Anyway": College Students Negotiating Safer Sex
Authors: Lear Dana
Published: March 2007

Sexually transmitted diseases are prevalent among youth, and it is only by understanding the processes involved in negotiating sexual relationships that effective prevention and intervention programs can be designed. To do this, preventive research must explore how young people understand, manage, and explore their sexuality. Exploring the sexual concepts or categories that are present and absent provides fundamental insight into normative values with respect to sexuality. To understand the meaning of sexual health for any group, we must therefore understand the construction of sexuality, risk, and relationships.
Coming to Terms with the Risk of Breast Cancer: Perceptions of Women with Primary Relatives with Breast Cancer
Authors: Chalmers Karen , Thomson Kathryn
Published: March 2007

The goal of this study was to explore and describe the meaning of the risk experience in women with primary relatives with breast cancer (mother, sister, mother and sister, and mother and other primary relative). An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted using semistructured, in-depth, tape-recorded interviews as the primary data collection method. Fifty-five women formed the sample. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis procedures. Women's descriptions of their experiences revealed that their perceptions of being "at risk" and their self-care practices developed over time. Developing a personal view of risk occurred in three phases: living the breast cancer experience of the relative(s), developing a risk perception, and putting risk in its place. The phases and their related components are described in detail.
Dimensional Analysis: Broadening the Conception of Grounded Theory
Authors: Kools Susan , McCarthy Marianne , Durham Roberta , Robrecht Linda
Published: March 2007

Dimensional analysis has been proposed by Schatzman as an alternate method for the generation of grounded theory. The intent of this article is to trace the evolution of dimensional analysis and describe it in relation to traditional grounded theory method. Analytic processes that characterize dimensional analysis will be reviewed, and a research exemplar is presented to illustrate the application of the dimensional analysis method.
Urban Healers: An Experiential Description of American Healing Touch Groups
Authors: Engebretson Joan
Published: March 2007

There is an increasing interest in alternative healing in the United States. Healing touch has gained in popularity both within organized religious groups and in more secularized groups. Despite this interest, there are very few reports of the experiences of the healers and the recipients of these healings. This ethnographic report describes the healing sessions as well as the physical, emotional, visual, and interpretive experiences of both healers and recipients. The healings are contrasted with biomedicine according to setting, interaction, and the cognitive process involved in the treatment. Reflected values of each respective group are discussed.
Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Findings
Authors: Jensen Louise A. , Allen Marion N.
Published: March 2007

A framework for synthesizing qualitative findings is described, and issues surrounding employment of this technique are discussed. Further debate on these issues is encouraged to develop and refine this framework. The practical importance of interpretive meta-synthesis is highlighted in relation to theory development.
The Diagnostic Process and the Boundaries of Normality
Authors: Tishelman Carol , Sachs Lisbeth
Published: March 2007

This article illustrates a group of cancer patients' descriptions and explanations of their experiences of health care encounters involving professional and lay processes of diagnosis related to definitions of normality. An interdisciplinary approach, representing nursing and medical anthropology, has been used in attempting to better understand data derived from semistructured interviews with 46 persons diagnosed with cancer in the greater Stockholm area and with 29 of their significant others. We argue that people in this study tend to deal with disruptive situations by attempting to construct order. In the stories presented by these cancer patients, a diagnostic process becomes evident in which patients first become "nonnormal" within a popular framework and later meet positive criteria to become "normally diseased" with the legitimization this provides. We thus see a way for the involved actors to deal with potentially difficult situations by redefining the concept of normality.
From Theory to Practice: The Development of Assessment Guides from Qualitatively Derived Theory
Authors: Morse Janice M. , Hutchinson Sally A. , Penrod Janice
Published: March 2007

In this article, a method of using qualitative research findings to develop a patient assessment guide is described. Qualitatively derived theory is deconstructed to form the theoretical components of the guide. Nursing assessment questions and behavioral signs are then elicited from the theory. Intervention strategies are extrapolated both from theory and from clinical nursing knowledge. Finally, the assessment guide is implemented and evaluated using techniques of qualitative outcome analysis to modify the guide and expand the repertoire of intervention strategies. This process is illustrated using two projects: hope (from concept analysis) and living with bipolar disorders (from grounded theory). Assessment guides provide a method for directly applying qualitative research to practice and constitute a valid and useful means of patient assessment and intervention.
Ethical and Representational Issues in Qualitative Secondary Analysis
Authors: Thome Sally
Published: March 2007

Although secondary analysis holds considerable promise for optimizing the health knowledge that can be constructed in relation to existing qualitative databases, methodological developments to guide design and evaluation of this research have not been fully explored in the qualitative research literature. This article extends preliminary methodological explorations to address two specific concerns arising from secondary analysis: ethics and representation. Because secondary research creates the potential for exaggerating certain errors in both ethics and representation, the risks associated with such analyses must be considered in the light of the opportunities. Preliminary strategies for helping secondary qualitative researchers to articulate and resolve the representational and ethical problems that may arise from their work are offered.
Athletic Identity: An Achilles' Heel to the Survival of Self
Authors: Sparkes Andrew C.
Published: March 2007

To illuminate the complex ways in which a strong athletic identity can act as an Achilles' heel in coming to terms with a disruptive life event, this article presents biographical data of one elite athlete whose career was prematurely terminated by illness. The analysis reveals how, as an individual descends from the heights of the extraordinary into the mundane world of ordinariness, the loss of certain selves enforces a heightened reflexivity and awareness of previously taken-for-granted aspects of the body-self relationship that are no longer attainable. The manner in which certain selves at the apex of an identity hierarchy exert pressure on the individual to seek a restored self rather than opt for more attainable or realistic identities is highlighted. The problems of restorying the self when an individual is constrained by limited narrative resources are also considered. Finally, some implications of the findings for health care professionals are discussed.
Experience from Video-Recorded Focus Group Discussion on Schistosomiases in Magu, Tanzania
Authors: Mwanga J. R. , Mugashe C. L. , Magnussen P. , Gabone R. M. , Aagaard-Hansen J.
Published: March 2007

Video-recorded focus group discussions were conducted to explore common perceived illnesses in a rural community coendemic for urinary and intestinal schistosomiases in Magu District, Tanzania. The ultimate goal was to construct a morbidity questionnaire on schistosomiases to be used as a screening tool in endemic communities. The findings suggest that video-recorded FGD was very instrumental in exploring community perceptions, attitudes, and practices with regard to different types of illnesses, signs, symptoms, and illness behavior. The methodological experience with video is discussed in detail with recommendations for observing methodological triangulation when conducting qualitative health research using FGD to enhance validity of data.
Adolescent Motherhood among Low-Income Urban Hispanics: Familial Considerations of Mother-Daughter Dyads
Authors: Sciarra Daniel T. , Ponterotto Joseph G.
Published: March 2007

A family systems perspective was used to investigate adolescent motherhood among low-income Hispanic families living in high-crime areas. The study focused primarily on the mother-daughter relationship. A semistructured interview was administered separately to mother and daughter in 11 mother-daughter dyads. Using open and axial coding of the data, a grounded theory of adolescent motherhood emerged. The study identified adolescent motherhood as an attempt to restore a sense of stability and balance not only to the life of the teenager but also to that of her mother. The finding that participants became more dependent on and were more supervised by their mothers after their pregnancies raised some paradoxical questions concerning the issue of separation and individuation.
Executive Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Conger Jay A. , Xin Katherine
Published: March 2007

Executive education is changing. As we move into the 21st century, numerous forces are causing a transformation in not only its delivery but also its purpose. According to executives from 25 global firms, executive education will be more directly geared to making leadership and change management work. We describe shifts in six areas: learning needs, learning content, pedagogy, instructors, participant mixes, and organizational integrating mechanisms. Problem areas also are explored, particularly in the areas of program assessment and sponsorship. The concluding section describes what the authors feel must be the ultimate outcomes of these trends in terms of the transformation of executive education in the 21st century as a critical lever for facilitating strategic transitions.
Nondisclosure Agreements in the Classroom: A Student Entrepreneur’s Refuge or Risk?
Authors: Katz Jerome A. , Harshman Ellen F. , Dean Kathy Lund
Published: March 2007

As the Information Age shapes the way we understand ideas as intellectual property, the notion that students’ideas in the classroom should be protected as a potential asset has increasingly gained attention. Academics and practitioners alike debate how best to address the balance between traditionally open classroom learning and traditionally secretive commercial innovation. In this article, the authors discuss the use of nondisclosure agreements aimed at protecting students’ business ideas. Based on analysis from three relevant perspectives including academic approaches, legal considerations, and ethical dimensions, the authors showwhy a nondisclosure agreement as a protective legal instrument is ineffective, and why instructors would better serve students by appealing to the ethics of information value and mutual responsibility. Pedagogical recommendations as well as an invitation to address this issue as a profession follow.
Professor Attitude: Its Effect on Teaching Evaluations
Authors: Kim Chong , Damewood Earl , Hodge Norma
Published: March 2007

A newly constructed attitude questionnaire was distributed to 1,504 students in 76 classes in conjunction with a regular instructor evaluation form to determine if the attitude of the professor, as perceived by the student, plays a significant role in the performance rating of professors. It was found to do so, and 10 Commandments are presented to improve a professor’s attitude. Four significant factors (Attitude, Presentation Skills, Reliability, and Learning Skills) were identified that are correlated with overall teaching effectiveness.
Higher Education for Higher Consciousness: Maharishi University of Management as a Model for Spirituality in Management Education
Authors: Schmidt-Wilk Jane , Heaton Dennis P. , Steingard David
Published: March 2007

The system of education at Maharishi University of Management (MUM) provides a model for management educators seeking to understand and teach spirituality. It locates transcendental consciousness—“pure spirituality”—at the basis of the universe and the human mind, experienced through the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program. Disciplines are taught as expressions of one unified field of consciousness. This integrated approach develops students who express “applied spirituality”— acting for the positive transformation of the quality of life for all. Research on educational outcomes at MUM gives evidence of cognitive, affective, and moral development in students. The authors offer suggestions for educators at other institutions.
The Teacher Ascoach Approach: Pedagogical Choices for Management Educators
Authors: O’Neil Deborah A. , Hopkins Margaret M.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the authors describe their experiences of in corporating coaching behaviors into their practices as management educators. They define coaching in the classroom environment as working with students to develop their self-awareness and capacity for self-discovery, while motivatingthem to begin a process of continuous learning and development. They describe three key elements of the role of the teacher as coach: relationship building, increasing students’ self-discovery and self-knowledge through co-inquiry, and combining theory with practice via a pragmatic orientation. Two pedagogical choices that the teacher as coach needs to manage when working with students are elaborated.
The Player and the Professor: Theatrical Techniques in Teaching
Authors: Greenberg Ellen , Miller Paddy
Published: March 2007

Because "all the world's a stage," those of us at center stage in the classroom can enhance our performance by learning explicit techniques taught in schools of drama. Many fine instructors are skilled performers, often implicitly or unconsciously using methods of communication similar to those used by theatre professionals. An extended metaphor between teaching and acting is presented, with the proposition that teachers have much to learn from the art of acting. The goal of this article is to enable the instructor to develop innovative and perhaps provocative ways in which to present material, as well as to increase participation and interest in the classroom.
The AF Managerial Assessment: Experiencing the Pitfalls of Psychobabble and the Emotional Aspects of Organizational Socialization
Authors: Andre Rae
Published: March 2007

The AFMA exercise teaches participants about the potential misuses of quasi-psychological generalizations and the role of emotion in organizational socialization by allowing them, in a gentle way, to experience their own gullibility in the face of psychological jargon and their own emotional involvement when an organization selects or rejects them. The exercise is recommended for graduate and undergraduate students in courses on organizational behavior and organizational change.
A Role for Management Games in Internationalizing the Business School Curriculum
Authors: Klein Ronald D. , Fleck Robert A. , Wolfe Joseph
Published: March 2007

A business school's strategic management and business policy course can serve as a vehicle for internationalizing its curriculum. Six commonly available computerized international management games are evaluated regarding their ability to deal with a large set of critical international business issues. All simulations dealt with most issues needing treatment, although they differed in range and depth of coverage. If international simulations are to serve as a medium for helping to globalize a business school's curriculum, a game must be augmented with international case studies, lectures, or readings.
Instruction, Scholarship, and Tenure
Authors: Van Fleet David D.
Published: March 2007

This article issues a challenge to professional associations (such as the American Psychological Association, Academy of Management, American Sociological Association, American Economic Association, and so on, which publish most academic scholarly research journals and to which most college and university faculty members belong to one or more of) to take strong and immediate action to create an infrastructure that will enable teaching to have value in the external, academic marketplace. Some specific suggestions as to how to accomplish that objective are set forth, and a call is made for colleagues to add to those suggestions.
The Bafa Bafa Simulation: Faculty Experiences and Student Reactions
Authors: Sullivan Sherry E. , Duplaga Edward A.
Published: March 2007

The Bafa Bafa simulation (Shirts, 1977) offers educators a means of increasing students' cross-cultural awareness while simulating a foreign experience. This article describes seven instructors' experiences using the simulation and students' positive reactions to the experience. Recommendations are made regarding the best methods for implementing the simulation.
The Dollar Game: Questioning the Ethics of Capitalism and Bargaining
Authors: Collins Denis
Published: March 2007

In this half-hour class exercise, students who randomly receive index cards with dollar signs on the back of them negotiate with students who randomly receive blank index cards. The exercise raises issues of distributive justice, negotiating ethics, and unfair competitive advantages. The exercise addresses three key issues: (a) the ethics of people who control a scarce resource, (b) the ethics of people who do not control a scarce resource, and (c) the ethics of distributing less income than budgeted.
Team Teaching for Higher Level Learning: A Framework of Professional Collaboration
Authors: Wenger Mike S. , Hornyak Martin J.
Published: March 2007

Management education must develop students who can analyze robustly and think creatively. Team teaching can facilitate such development. This article presents a brief discussion of team teaching, develops a framework to link team teaching to cognitively complex learning objectives, offers insights for team teaching protocols when applying this framework, and discusses faculty and student experiences. Readers experienced in team teaching are offeredways to efficiently explore the boundaries of this pedagogical form. Those new to team teaching will find the framework useful in overcoming difficulties frequently of concern when first participating in a teaching team.
Learning Through the Ages: What Adult Development Theory Brings to Management Classes
Authors: Cramton Catherine Durnell
Published: March 2007

The content theories of motivation that are presented in most management classrooms are so broad that their usefulness to managers is limited. Yet it is important for managers to have away of thinking about what people value or need. This article describes a design for a class session that uses adult development theory to help students see how motivation may change over the adult life cycle. Because the design hinges ondividing students into discussion groups by age, the session also offers a gentleway to raise awareness of other kinds of diversity in the classroom and workplace.
Alzheimer's Residents' Cognitive and Functional Measures
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth A. , Maas Meridean L. , Buckwalter Kathleen C.
Published: March 2007

The aim of this field experiment was to compare the effects of a special care unit (SCU) on residents with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who lived on the SCU and on traditional (integrated) nursing home units. Twenty-two subjects, 13 on the SCU and 9 on traditional integrated units were compared. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess differences between the two groups and within the groups over two bimonthly pretests and two bimonthly posttests. No significant differences on cognitive or functional abilities scores were evident for the groups and no significant differences were found over time. However, consistent with the prediction of the Progressively Lower Stress Threshold Model, the SCU subjects' function was better than subjects on traditional units when measured by socially accessible behaviors.
Content Analysis of Nonprofessional Caregiver-Patient Interactions in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Iwasiw Carroll L. , Olson Joanne K.
Published: March 2007

A content analysis of tape-recorded, nonprofessional caregiver-patient interactions was undertaken to determine the nature and content of conversation during the provision of morning care in long-term care facilitles. Caregivers initiated and directed the majority of topics, generally keeping the patient as the focus of the interaction. Patients and caregivers invited different types of topics, with caregivers being more interested in care activities, social conversation, care environment, and patients' physical health. Patients introduced topics of a more personal nature: social systems, reminiscences, and hopes and plans. It was concluded that nonprofessional caregivers require communication skills training. Questions were raised about the effects of caregiver communication on patients in long-term care facilities.
Boomerang Pillows and Respiratory Capacity in Frail Elderly Women
Authors: Roberts Kathryn L. , Brittin Maureen , DeClifford June
Published: March 2007

An exploratory study was done to determine whether frail elderly women placed on boomerang pillows would have an altered minute volume after 10 minutes. A convenience sample of 18 subjects took part in the study. A repeated measures design was used in which subjects served as their own controls. After 10 minutes on the boomerang pillows, there was a significant reduction in the minute volume of subjects. Boomerang pillows may be contraindicated in people with reduced lung capacity due to age; however; further research on a larger sample of frail elderly women is indicated.