bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Analytical Estimate of Rotor Controls Required for a Propeller Wake Disturbance Rejection
Authors: Van Der Wall Berend G.
Published: September 2024

During helicopter air-to-air refueling, the aircraft propeller’s jet can engage with the helicopter rotor. The impact on the helicopter rotor thrust and aerodynamic hub moments is solved analytically for the first time, based on blade element momentum theory. The collective and
cyclic blade pitch controls needed for disturbance rejection are computed for a typical air-to-air refueling scenario. A propeller jet affecting the retreating side of the rotor requires much more pilot controls to retrim than an impingement on the advancing side.
Old age between normality and pathology Clinical meeting and anatomical insight
Authors: Cattorini Paolo
Published: September 2024

To understand the itineraries of medical thought, to show the theoretical nodes where scientific explanation intersects with pragmatic intention and evaluative inference, to indicate the directions of influence that link the culture of an era with its therapeutic strategies, in short, to try to unravel the complexity of an act that is supposed to be liberating, all this should attempt a metamedic reconnaissance.
Regulations concerning patients' rights
Authors: Fumagalli Meraviglia Marinella
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Clinical methodology and the principle of diagnostic proportionality: Considerations on a case of monoclonal gammopathy.
Authors: Migliore Alberto , Barone Carlo , Astone Antonio , Manna Raffaele
Published: September 2024

In 1976, at the age of 49, on the prescription of a dentist, the patient underwent haematochemical investigations which revealed, for the first time, an electrophoretic monoclonal peak in the gamma region. Since the patient was completely asymptomatic, his doctor did not consider it appropriate to perform further investigations.
Assessment of the Remineralizing Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract vs Sodium Fluoride on Surface and Subsurface Enamel Lesions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Sahu Yogesh , Srichand Reema , Mhatre Swapnali , Shetty Uttam , Karhale Nikhil A. , Acharya Sonu
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue, primarily resulting from demineralization of the enamel. Remineralizing agents such as sodium fluoride (NaF) have been widely used to counteract this process. Recent studies suggest that natural extracts, such as grape seed extract (GSE), may also have significant remineralizing properties. This study aims to compare the efficacy of GSE and NaF on surface and subsurface enamel lesions in an in vitro setting.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 60 extracted human premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each: control (no treatment), NaF treatment, and GSE treatment. Artificial enamel lesions were created on the buccal surfaces of all samples. The NaF group was treated with a 5% sodium fluoride solution, while the GSE group received a 6.5% grape seed extract solution. Treatments were applied daily for 10 days. Surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were measured before and after treatment to assess remineralization.

Results:

The NaF group showed a significant increase in SMH (45%) and CSMH (35%) compared to the control group. The GSE group demonstrated a similar trend with a 40% increase in SMH and a 30% increase in CSMH. Both treatments were significantly more effective than the control (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between the NaF and GSE groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Grape seed extract exhibits comparable remineralizing efficacy to sodium fluoride on both surface and subsurface enamel lesions in vitro. These findings suggest that GSE could be a viable natural alternative to fluoride for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopy in Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury
Authors: Kesav Abhishek Sugumar , Dhandapani Balaji , Wahegaonkar Abhijeet L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The advances in the understanding of wrist instability have enhanced the need for improved diagnostic modalities. 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a small joint coil has emerged as a promising tool in determining ligamentous wrist injuries. Although arthroscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, the economics of the procedure, health insurance penetrance, and indemnity concerns, a noninvasive diagnostic tool with high accuracy is the need of the hour.

Materials and Methods:

Here, we have compared the accuracy of a 3T MRI for the diagnosis of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears against diagnostic wrist arthroscopy.

Results:

We found that 3T MRI with small joint coils has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of foveal avulsions of TFCC. By virtue of direct visualization, arthroscopy has the ability to differentiate scar, enema, and/or hematoma from an intact ligament as compared to MRI.

Conclusion:

Therefore, a good quality MRI (3T MRI, small joint coil, taken in proper plane and position with thin cuts) would improve the likelihood of an accurate diagnosis and reduce the burden on the health-care system.
Functional Outcomes of Quadruple Nerve Transfer in Upper Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Bandari Gopinath , Quadri Syed Mohd Noaman
Published: September 2024

Background:

Brachial plexus injuries represent a devastating injury causing paralysis of the upper extremity. An injury to the superior plexus can cause loss of function in the shoulder and elbow. Early presentations can be well managed with nerve transfers to restore shoulder and elbow function. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome of nerve transfers to restore shoulder and elbow recovery in upper brachial plexus injury.

Methods:

Functional outcomes of 25 patients undergoing quadruple nerve transfer using an all-anterior approach were analyzed for improvements in motor strength and range of motion in the shoulder and elbow joints.

Results:

Excellent results were observed in 23/25 patients with respect to elbow function and good in 15/25 for shoulder function. The first sign of clinical biceps reinnervation was 3 months 9 days (range: 2 months from 25 days to 4 months) and recovery of antigravity elbow flexion was 5 months (range 4 months–8 months). Twenty-two had M4 power and two M3. On assessment of shoulder function and abduction, eight patients had M3, and four had M4 shoulder abduction. The mean range of abduction in these eight patients was 60° (range, 45–100). Seven patients regained active external rotation, a mean of 30° (range, 15–60). Motor recovery of external rotation was M3 in five patients and M4 in two. Of 25, 7 had no active abduction/external rotation but felt their shoulder was more stable.

Conclusion:

Quadruple nerve transfer for shoulder function and elbow flexion produces the best results in patients with superior brachial plexus injuries. Surgeries performed earlier than 6 months can provide good functional recovery. The result on the shoulder is less compared to the functional recovery of the elbow after nerve transfer.
International Academy of Cytology standardized reporting of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology with cyto-histopathological correlation of breast carcinoma
Authors: Pai Shweta
Published: September 2024

Background: The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) has developed a standardized approach for reporting the findings of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Accordingly, there are five chief categories of breast lesions, C1 (insufficient material), C2 (benign), C3 (atypical), C4 (suspicious), and C5 (malignant). The prognostication and management of breast carcinoma can be performed readily on the basis of this classification system. The aim of this study was to classify various breast lesions into one of the above-named categories and to further grade the C5 lesions specifically using the Robinson system. The latter grades were then correlated with modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grades. Methods: This retrospective study was undertaken in the pathology department of a hospital located in the urban part of the city of Bangalore. All FNAC procedures performed on breast lumps spanning the year 2020 were included in the study. Results: A total of 205 breast lesions was classified according to the IAC guidelines into C1 (6 cases, 2.9%), C2 (151 cases, 73.7%), C3 (13 cases, 6.3%), C4 (5 cases, 2.5%), and C5 (30 cases, 14.6%) groups. The C5 cases were further graded using Robinson’s system. The latter showed a significant correlation with the SBR system (concordance=83.3%, Spearman correlation=0.746, Kendall’s tau-b=0.736, kappa=0.661, standard error=0.095, p≤.001). Conclusions: A standardized approach for FNAC reporting of breast lesions, as advocated for by the IAC, improves the quality and clarity of the reports and assures diagnostic reproducibility on a global scale. Further, the cytological grading of C5 lesions provides reliable cyto-prognostic scores that can help assess a tumor’s aggressiveness and predict its histological grade.
Estimation of soil loss using RUSLE model and GIS tools: Case study in the Jucusbamba Micro-Watershed (Amazonas, NW Peru)
Authors: Barboza Elgar , Raymundo Augusto Abraham , Valqui Leandro , Lopez Rolando Salas
Published: September 2024

Human activities have intensified soil erosion globally, negatively impacting the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water and soil. This study estimated soil loss in the Jucusbamba Micro-Watershed (Amazonas, northwestern Peru) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) data. Meteorological data, soil maps, digital elevation models, and land cover and use maps were integrated into a GIS environment to predict the spatial distribution of erosion. The results showed five classes of soil loss severity: slight (93.34%), moderate (3.94%), high (1.82%), very high (0.61%), and severe (0.29%). Areas with high, very high, and severe erosion levels were mainly located in the middle and lower parts of the micro-watershed. The average annual soil loss was estimated at 23.24 t/ha/year. The information obtained is crucial for the formulation of soil management plans and programs to address erosion problems in the Jucusbamba River Micro-Watershed. Future research should focus on validating these models through field studies and implementing soil conservation practices based on these findings.
Keywords: Amazonas, hydrology, RUSLE model, water erosion map, watershed.
Exploring the Impacts of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) Technology on Vehicle Thermal Systems (Radiator and Charge Air Cooler): A Review
Authors: Menariya Pravin Ganesh , Shinde Viraj
Published: September 2024

This research paper investigates the implications of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) technology in the field of automotive thermal management, with a particular emphasis on truck radiator and charged air cooler systems. As the automobile industry works to shift to more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions, hydrogen-powered vehicles provide a viable alternative to their conventional fossil fuel-powered counterparts. The study investigates the unique thermal characteristics of H2 ICE technology, the modifications required in H2 ICE technology due to specific requirements of air in the combustion, and changes in auxiliary components of the engine, where heating or cooling is required. Based on these changes, assess their impact on radiator and charged air cooler systems, which are critical components in maintaining the thermal equilibrium of internal combustion engines. Few inferences related to the impact on the Radiator and Charge Air Cooler are made after assessing different research materials. Later those inferences were compared with actual test results of 6.7L Hydrogen and Diesel engines at maximum power and maximum torque conditions. The study intends to understand the thermal dynamics, efficiency gains, and design issues involved with incorporating H2 ICE technology into automotive platforms using analysis of experimental data, and real-world performance assessments. Furthermore, the article investigates the problems and opportunities presented by using hydrogen internal combustion engine, including the consequences for radiator and charged air cooler design, and material compatibility. The findings of this study not only add to the emerging subject of hydrogen-powered transportation, but also provide vital insights for engineers and manufacturers working to improve the sustainability and thermal efficiency of future automotive systems.
Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Safety Enhancement Techniques Using Python
Authors: Vashist Devendra , Sharma Aryan , Anand Aditya
Published: September 2024

Electric Vehicles numbers are increasing at a rapid pace in the Indian market. As per the different feedbacks from the customers and reports available in media, there is an increase in Electric Vehicle (EV) battery fire accidents. The same is because of increased EV numbers, malfunctioning of battery and improper handling of EV systems. EV industry is looking for a solution for preventing these mis happenings by using advanced safety technology. This includes improvement in existing safety system through advanced warning backed by artificial intelligence, programming tools using new computing languages such as Python, Java etc. In present work temperature which happens to be major contributor in battery fire cases is being monitored with the help of programming used in battery management systems. In this process algorithm is being developed with the help of python as programming language. The same was test run on the selected parameters for validation of the developed programs for predictive safety indications / warnings. The developed program was tested on a EV battery for applications and was found to be in good agreement with predictive safety requirements. The developed program can be used with different set of battery chemistries by altering threshold value parameters. Further a review is made on available solutions to counter degradation, aspects of charging habits and their contribution to battery safety, aspects of battery maintenance and their contribution to its safety through the available research.
Method and System for Efficient Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Pekala Sagar Mohana , Zacharias Nevin , Kulkarni Krathika
Published: September 2024

Electric Trucks offer one of the most promising alternatives to vehicles in the field of transport of goods. In battery electric trucks, heat is generated by components present in the electric truck such as battery of the electric vehicle, electric drive system, Endurance Brake System etc. which require cooling and Thermal management system to control and monitor the cooling system.

The thermal management system considered here includes two coolant tanks. The first coolant tank performs thermal management for the battery and Electric-Drive(e-Drive) components which can heat up to 600C and the second coolant tank performs thermal management for HPR circuit, and it is used to break the charging circuit to protect the battery getting charged beyond 100% using regenerative braking concept. HPR (High performance resistor) is the component which can heat up to ~950C and make sure the battery is not getting charged beyond the safe limits. Since HPR is a critical component and operates at high temperatures, it has a separate coolant tank.

However, in the conventional thermal management systems, the second coolant tank is used less than 5% in entire lifetime of the vehicle. It is underutilized because of less frequent operation of the EB circuit and the first coolant circuit experiences more frequent operation due to more frequent operation of the battery. This disparity in utilization results in an inefficient use of the coolant in the thermal management system. The inefficient use of the coolant provides inefficient cooling and reduce electric vehicle performance. The proposed solution is to predict Cooling and heating requests for system level components so that coolant from Battery Circuit/e-Drive Circuit and HPR Circuit can be dynamically transferred between the circuits depending on the enable requests and climatic conditions. This will improve the overall cooling efficiency and reduce the time taken for components to cool. In the MATLAB model, Percentage decrease in time taken to cool is measured around 30%
Modeling of Vibrational Energy Collection for Self Powered Electric Vehicles Using Soft-Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: P Geetha , Jothiprashanth R
Published: September 2024

In light of global warming and power issues, reducing carbon emissions through the use of renewable energy sources has become a global concern. A ubiquitous mechanical motion in daily life is vibration, and one of the hot topics in this field of study is how to capture vibrational vitality and transform it to electrical power. Vibration dynamism can be captured by utilizing tribo-electric nano generators, which operate on the principles of electrostatic induction electrification due to contacts. COMSOL software is used to simulate the interaction between the voltage between the electrodes, the transferred charge, and the electrode moving distance of a triboelectric nanogenerator. A brief description of the simulation process is provided in this work, along with a theoretical interpretation of the simulation outcome. The experimental results revealed that increasing the rpm from 10 to 1000 per second led to substantial increase in Isc from 1.35nA to 225nA, cause enhanced triboelectric charge generation. Inner-radius from 5.8μm to 4.5μm led to Voc rise from 19.925V to 25.681V and decrease in Isc. Results showed increase in Voc from 23.113V to 163.43V and Isc from 0.22μA to 1.6μA as the SCD increased from 990μC/m2to 1 C/m2. According to TENG durability testing, soft-contact TENG made of fur material has a longer service life and less mechanical wear on the contact surface. It is anticipated that this work will help neglible-loss and great-performance TENGs become more widely used by offering some insight into their operation.
Structural and Thermal Analysis of Brake Disc with Various Composites
Authors: Bahulekar Atharv , Shiralkar Shaunak , Jomde Amit , Shamkuwar Sonal , Patane Prashant , Shinde Tarang , Dandin Shahbaz
Published: September 2024

The essential aspect of an automobile is its braking system. Brakes absorb the kinetic energy of the rotating parts, i.e., wheels, and dissipate this energy into the surroundings in the form of heat. This entire process is quite complex, and the brake disc is subjected to extreme thermal and structural stresses along with deformation, which might damage the disc. This paper presents a structural and thermal analysis of an Audi Q3 brake disc using an ANSYS 2021-R1. The present brake disc is designed using SOLIDWORKS software. Composite materials are added in the ansys material library by adding their respective characteristics. The thermal analysis mainly focused on temperature variation and directional heat flux. The structural study was conducted to understand the stresses developed during braking and the deformations observed.

Along with a comprehensive structural and thermal analysis, this work has also estimated the life of the brake disc, the factor of safety, and the real-time behavior of modern automobile brake discs under working conditions. A comprehensive performance analysis of gray cast iron and two different composites (silicon carbide-reinforced carbon fiber and silicon carbide-reinforced aluminum) was carried out structurally and thermally to understand their behavior in real-time. The numeric value of each parameter for each material is presented in tabular format to provide a comparative idea of materials’ performances. This paper compares the performance of different brake disk materials under the same real-time conditions. All considered materials were not present in the ansys library, so we have created new material in the ansys library by providing specific material properties.
Modelling Approach of Thermal Runaway Propagation and Gas Venting Process in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nogdhe Yogesh , Garg Ravi , Singh Shobit Kumar
Published: September 2024

With the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit unique characteristics such as long life, high specific energy, significant storage capacity, and remarkable energy density. The continual difficulty temperature non-uniformity over the battery surface and inside the battery pack, remains a major barrier in battery technology, significantly contributing to the tendency towards Thermal Runaway (TR). The hot gases discharged from a lithium-ion cell’s safety vent during a thermal runaway event carry flammable elements. If ignited, these gases heighten the potential for thermal runaway to spread to other cells within a multi-cell pack configuration. The study scrutinizes the effects of TR on the venting process. It explores contemporary approaches to minimize it, employing a variety of modeling methodologies such as Multiphysics, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and electrochemical-thermal, in addition to experimental methods. The objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate aspects of battery Thermal Runaway Propagation (TRP) and gas venting. TR and venting both are key Li-ion battery problem, that raises safety concerns. Efficient modelling is critical for creating prediction and detectable strategies. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the importance of TRP and gas venting modelling for forecasting and improving battery system safety measures.
Deep Learning Approach for Optimum Power Management Using IoT in EV Battery Management System
Authors: Deepan Kumar Sadhasivam , Arun Raj V , R Vishnu Ramesh Kumar , Manojkumar R
Published: September 2024

Tracking of energy consumption has become more difficult as demand and value for energy have increased. In such a case, energy consumption should be monitored regularly, and the power consumption want to be reduced to ensure that the needy receive power promptly. Our objective is to identify the energy consumption of an electric vehicle from battery and track the daily usage of it. We have to send the data to both the user and provider. We have to optimize the power usage by using anomaly detection technique by implementing deep learning algorithms. Here we are going to employ a LSTM auto-encoder algorithm to detect anomalies in this case. Estimating the power requirements of diverse locations and detecting harmful actions are critical in a smart grid. The work of identifying aberrant power consumption data is vital and it is hard to assure the smart meter’s efficiency. The LSTM auto-encoder neural network technique is used here for predicting power consumption and to detect anomalies. Anomaly detection technique is the most important to identify any abnormal events of power consumption in electric vehicle battery. This approach can be validated by comparing the identified anomalous usage with the usual power consumption during the same period, and the results show a considerable increase in power consumption during the unusual times. Real time data of power consumption can be seen by the user and the user can track the daily usage of his/her power consumption using some user interface applications like Blynk. In Real-time a dataset is taken from smart energy meter hardware setup and the data is given as testing data to the already trained LSTM auto-encoder deep learning model and using anomaly detection technique abnormal energy consumption was identified.
Energy Saving by Deploying Adaptive Thermal Comfort in E-Mobile Heat Pump System
Authors: Jaiswara Prashant , Shah Geet , M Chandru , vangala Sai Krishna , Jaybhay Sambhaji , Kulkarni Shridhar
Published: September 2024

One of the challenges of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is to provide thermal comfort for the occupants while minimizing the energy consumption and the impact on the driving range. Conventional heating systems, such as Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, consume a large amount of battery power and reduce the efficiency of the EVs. Heat Pumps (HPs) are an alternative heating system that can divert heat from the ambient air and transfer it to the cabin. HPs can achieve higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) than PTC heaters and save energy. However, for Indian sub-continent conditions HPs have some drawbacks, such as low heating capacity at low ambient temperatures, and variable performance depending on the operating conditions. Therefore, it is important to design and control the HP system optimally.

This study employs 1D Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) modelling and simulation techniques to analyse the performance of heat pump systems within the confined environment of an EV cabin. The simulations explore various operating conditions and personalized comfort profiles to optimize the control strategy of the heat pump. By adapting to individual preferences and external environmental factors, the heat pump control system aims to enhance occupant comfort while minimizing energy consumption. The results indicate that the integration of adaptive thermal comfort principles in heat pump control systems enables significant improvements in both comfort levels and energy efficiency compared to conventional PTC heaters. The personalized comfort profiles allow for tailored temperature regulation, ensuring occupants experience optimal thermal conditions throughout their journey. Additionally, the adaptive control strategy optimizes the utilization of the heat pump, reducing energy wastage and extending the driving range of the EV.

In conclusion, the adoption of heat pump technology with personalized comfort profiles presents a promising approach to enhance the thermal management capabilities of electric vehicles. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts in advancing sustainable transportation by prioritizing occupant comfort and energy efficiency simultaneously.
The Effect of Thermal Management on an LFP Battery’s Life with Different Battery Cooling Methods and Triggering Temperatures for Cooling Activation for a Three-Wheeler
Authors: Chandna Ashish , Chopra Ujjwal
Published: September 2024

For a three-wheeler, this research studies the aging effects on an LFP battery across a realistic three-wheeler commercial vehicle cycle simulated in GT-SUITE. The study evaluates how thermal management affects battery aging with different battery cooling methods and triggering temperatures for cooling activation. The three-wheeler analysis cycle includes a real-world drive cycle, followed by battery recharging, and then a rest period. This sequence repeats until the battery ages to 80% of its original capacity (end of life). Battery life is determined using various methods of battery cooling and the temperatures that trigger the activation of cooling mechanisms. Different heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) are derived or assumed based on the cooling method used.
In-Vehicle Evaluation of a Rule-based Look Ahead Controller for Mobile Air Conditioning: Impact on Energy Savings
Authors: Jaybhay Sambhaji , Kapoor Sangeet , Kulkarni Shridhar Diliprao , Palacio Torralba Javier , Locks Olaf
Published: September 2024

Energy efficiency in both internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric vehicles (EV) is a strategic advantage of automotive companies. It provides a better user experience that emanates amongst others from the reduction in operation expenses, particularly critical for fleets, and the increase in range. This is especially important in EVs where customers may experience range anxiety.

The energetical impact of using the air conditioning system in vehicles is not negligible with power consumptions in the range of kilowatts, even with a stopped vehicle. This becomes particularly important in areas with high temperature and humidity levels where the usage of the air conditioning systems becomes safety factor. In such areas, drivers are effectively forced to use the air conditioning system continuously. Hence, the air conditioning system becomes an ideal choice to deploy control strategies for optimized energy usage.

In this paper, we propose and implement a control strategy that allows a significant reduction in energy usage without influencing the comfort or safety of the occupants. This strategy does not rely on complex model predictive controllers and hence it can be easily implemented in production electronic control units minimizing any impact on costs.
„Zuchwałe zastrzeżenia” przeciw „aroganckiej skromności”, czyli Karol Irzykowski wobec Leona Chwistka
Authors: Panek Sylwia
Published: September 2024

The article concerns Karol Irzykowski’s attitude towards Leon Chwistek. The dispute between the author of Słoń wśród porcelany [Elephant Among Porcelain] and Chwistek focuses on an understanding and conceptualisation of reality, the limits and reasons for the autonomy of art, attitudes to the tradition of realism and the value of modern art treatments (formism and futurism). The author not only reconstructs the planes of his confrontation with the philosopher, thematised by Irzykowski, but also reveals the contexts in which the critic places this polemic, diagnoses the roots of the dispute and presents the different positions of both critics on the literary and political map in the second decade of the interwar period.
Nieszczera szczerość Karola Irzykowskiego. Pozytywna odpowiedź na nowoczesny lęk przed nieautentycznością
Authors: Kaczmarek Kamil
Published: September 2024

Karol Irzykowski’s postulate of sincerity is similar to the modern concept of authenticity and is part of the discussion on the condition of the modern subject. Sincerity is a critical category and has anthropological, aesthetic and ethical aspects. Irzykowski redefines the traditional communicative assumptions of the phenomenon by reversing the order of moral principles and the relation between art and reality. The category of appearances, i.e. fantasy, fiction, lies and falsehood, is at the basis of what is sincere and enables the aesthetic experience of authenticity. Irzykowski sees the crisis of authenticity and the fear of inauthenticity as a positive condition, as they help create an original and active subjectivity within the order of social communication.
„Gdy każdy atom ciała i ducha mnie boli”. Tetmajerowski podmiot cierpiący i udręczone ciało
Authors: Kamińska Lidia
Published: September 2024

Suffering is one of the affective dominants in the poetry of Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, in which many descriptions of painful states can be found. This article aims to analyse the methods of textually representing suffering in his works. In the interpretation of maladic states, the author uses the concept from affect studies (e.g. Brian Massumi), somatopoetics (e.g. Anna Łebkowska), and studies on senses. The paper analyses relations between intensive suffering and the body (microanalysis of internal reactions – as heart, blood and observations of the suffering body – convulsions), the hapticity of suffering, audiosphere as a space for the expression of the suffering (the scream).
Transpokoleniowy upór. O książce Xięga poezji idyllicznej w opracowaniu Barbary Stelingowskiej
Authors: Krasuska Karolina , Dżabagina Anna
Published: September 2024

The article critically discusses Xięga poezji idyllicznej [The Book of Idyllic Poetry], edited by Barbara Stelingowska and published in 2023. The authors focus on the editorial and substantive issues of the analysed edition – in particular, on problems related to the identity of the volume’s author, Maria Komornicka/Piotr Odmieniec Włast, shown in the necessary context of contemporary gender and queer studies.
Net Primary Productivity, Vegetation Index Analysis, and Assessment of Protected Areas, Vulnerabilities, and Management Strategies: Review
Authors: Badjaré Bilouktime , Demirel Maza-Esso Bawa  , Folega Fousséni , Weiguo Liu , Wala Kpérkouma , Batawila Komlan
Published: September 2024

This bibliographic analysis focused on various methods for estimating net primary productivity, vegetation indices and their various applications, as well as vulnerability assessment and management strategies for protected areas. To do this, a bibliography on the different topics collected using search engines Scopus, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar via the Publish or Perish portal was analyzed. Of the 1128 scientific papers on the selected topic after refining the database, 978 were journal articles, 59 were books, 52 were reports, 20 were conference proceedings, and 19 were theses. These documents detail numerous methods for estimating net primary productivity, a key parameter for assessing ecosystem performance. Methods using remote sensing data, especially vegetation indices, appear to be the easiest, least costly, and least labor-intensive today, ensuring reliable results. These innovative methods are best suited for assessing fragile ecosystems. This is the case for protected areas which have been facing the combined effects of anthropogenic actions and climate change in recent years. Considering the challenges posed by the management of Togolese protected areas, particularly since the socio-political disturbances of the 1990s, it is urgent to assess the health status of these specific ecosystems, focusing on their performance.
PEMBELAJARAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM PENJAS SYSTEMATIC LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Fauzan Muhammad Ghani , Rahmat Alit , Carsiwan Carsiwan
Published: September 2024

Pembelajaran Media Audio Visual telah menjadi komponen integral dalam pengembangan metode pembelajaran, terutama dalam konteks Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan (Penjas). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SLR (Systematic Literature Review) yang terkait dengan pemanfaatan media audio visual dalam konteks pembelajaran Penjas. Kajian ini memaparkan tinjauan terhadap artikel-artikel ilmiah, jurnal, serta publikasi terkait yang menggambarkan peran, efektivitas, dan implementasi media audio visual dalam pembelajaran Penjas. Analisis ini melibatkan aspek-aspek seperti jenis media yang digunakan, teknik penerapan, reaksi siswa, pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran, serta perbandingan dengan metode konvensional. Hasil kajian menyoroti bahwa pemanfaatan media audio visual secara konsisten memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap efektivitas pembelajaran Penjas. Beragam teknik, mulai dari video pembelajaran, animasi, hingga simulasi, telah menunjukkan peningkatan dalam pemahaman materi, partisipasi siswa, dan motivasi belajar. Namun, kajian ini juga menyoroti kebutuhan akan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami konteks-konteks spesifik di mana penggunaan media ini paling efektif. Dengan demikian, kajian ini memberikan landasan yang kuat bagi pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam pemanfaatan media audio visual dalam lingkup Pembelajaran Penjas. Implikasi praktisnya menekankan pentingnya integrasi teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di bidang ini.AbstractAudio Visual Media Learning has become an integral component in the development of learning methods, especially in the context of Physical Education and Health (Penjas). This research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method which is related to the use of audio-visual media in the context of Physical Education learning. This study presents a review of scientific articles, journals and related publications that describe the role, effectiveness and implementation of audio-visual media in Physical Education learning. This analysis involves aspects such as the type of media used, application techniques, student reactions, achievement of learning objectives, as well as comparisons with conventional methods. The results of the study highlight that the use of audio-visual media consistently makes a positive contribution to the effectiveness of Physical Education learning. Various techniques, ranging from learning videos, animations, to simulations, have shown improvements in material understanding, student participation, and learning motivation. However, this study also highlights the need for further research to understand the specific contexts in which the use of this medium is most effective. Thus, this study provides a strong foundation for further development in the use of audio-visual media within the scope of Physical Education Learning. The practical implications emphasize the importance of integrating technology in the learning process to improve the quality of education in this field.
Between Universality and (or) Uniqueness: Exploring Theoretical Frameworks in International Relations
Authors: Markedonov S.
Published: September 2024

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ON TEACHING RUSSIAN GRAMMAR TO AN IRANIAN AUDIENCE: APPROACHES, METHODS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: ИСКАНДАРИ М.П.
Published: September 2024

Преподавание русской грамматики в иранской аудитории считается одним из важнейших аспектовобучения русскому языку в Иране. В статье рассматриваются подходы и методы, применяемые к обучению грамматике русского языка, а также причины использования таких методов на занятиях с персоговорящими студентами. Автор акцентирует внимание на путях повышения эффективности обучения русской грамматике в иранской аудитории, также рассматривает некоторые возникающие в связи с этим барьеры. Делается вывод о том, что, учитывая ограничение в количестве выделяемого времени для обучения русской грамматике, языковой уровень персоговорящих учащихся, их возраст, цель обучения русскому языку и значительные различия между русскими и персидскими грамматическими правилами, иранские преподаватели предпочитают использовать эксплицитные методы при преподавании русских грамматических правил. Кроме того, преподавание русской грамматики в иранской аудитории ведется на трех ступенях, включая: 1) предоставление грамматической информации и правил; 2) работа над предоставленным материалом на занятии; 3) домашнее задание. По мнению автора, необходимым звеном обучения русской грамматике в иранской аудитории является четвертая ступень, т.е. ступень закрепления грамматического материала, отсутствующая в самом процессе обучения этому предмету. Пройденный материал закрепляется после изучения всей грамматики в шестом семестре, когда сами грамматические правила уже почти забываются студентами.

Teaching Russian grammar to an Iranian audience is considered one of the most important problems in teaching the Russian language in Iran. The article discusses the approaches and methods used to teach Russian grammar and the reasons for using such methods in classes with Persian-speaking students. The author focuses on ways to improve the effectiveness of teaching Russian grammar in Iranian audiences, and also examines the barriers on this path. It is concluded that given the limited amount of teaching time for teaching Russian grammar, the language level of Persian-speaking students, their age, the purpose of teaching Russian and the strong discrepancy between Russian and Persian grammars, Iranian teachers prefer to use explicit methods when teaching Russian grammar rules. And the teaching of Russian grammar in Iranian audiences takes place in three stages, including 1) the stage of providing grammatical information and rules, 2) the stage of working on the provided material in class, and 3) the stage of homework. Today, the missing link in teaching Russian grammar in Iranian audiences is considered to be the absence of the fourth stage, i.e. stage of consolidation of grammatical material. This stage does not take place in the process of teaching this subject and occurs at another time after the completion of all grammatical rules in the sixth semester, when the grammatical rules have been forgotten by the students.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency: Cutting-Edge Oil Filtration and Treatment Systems in Electric Transformers
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 313, Bucharest 060042 Romania, RADU Dan Gabriel , NĂVRĂPESCU Valentin ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 313, Bucharest 060042 Romania
Published: September 2024

The article examines the essential function of oil filtration and treatment systems in electrical transformers, emphasizing their importance for maintaining optimal performance and extending equipment lifespan. It covers technical processes, system components, advanced technologies, economic and environmental advantages, and includes case studies. The technical principles of oil filtration, such as filter types and impurity retention methods, are described. Key treatments like oil dehydration and acid neutralization are discussed to prevent oil degradation. Detailed insights into system components, including pumps, filtration circuits, and monitoring sensors, are provided to explain the infrastructure required for system efficiency. Advanced technologies like automated control and IoT integration are discussed for smart system management. Recent innovations that enhance efficiency are highlighted. The conclusion stresses the vital role of oil filtration systems, outlining future research directions and perspectives. This article offers a comprehensive overview for those interested in energy and maintenance technologies. Additionally, it underscores the significance of proactive maintenance strategies for improving transformer reliability and longevity, discussing predictive maintenance methods like condition monitoring and diagnostic testing, that enable early detection of issues and proactive solutions. Moreover, the article explores the integration of renewable energy sources with transformer systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities this transition presents. Integrating renewable energy not only lessens environmental impact but also introduces new challenges for transformer operation and maintenance. In summary, the article offers valuable insights into the evolving transformer maintenance landscape and the critical role oil filtration systems play in ensuring reliable and efficient operation.
Object Detection on Thermal Images: Performance of Yolov4 vs Yolov4 Tiny trained on Custom Datasets
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, “Dr. Vishwanath Karad” MIT World Peace University, Pune, India, PHADKE Anuradha , VAIKAR Rucha ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, “Dr. Vishwanath Karad” MIT World Peace University, Pune, India, KHETRAPAL Avni ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, “Dr. Vishwanath Karad” MIT World Peace University, Pune, India, VERMA Mehul ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, “Dr. Vishwanath Karad” MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
Published: September 2024

The process of identifying and pinpointing the location of objects within an image or video is a crucial task in computer vision, known as object detection. While there has been significant progress in object detection using conventional optical RGB images, there has been comparatively less research done on object detection using thermal images. Thermal imaging has the advantage of being able to capture images in low light or even complete darkness, making it an attractive technology for surveillance applications. However, due to the scarcity of publicly available thermal image datasets, the development of object detectors specifically for thermal images has been hindered. In the proposed work a dataset of 2000 thermal images of three classes namely Humans, Dog, and Cats is collected using FLIR thermal camera. The YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm, specifically YOLOv4 and YOLOv4 tiny versions, are assessed for their performance to classify thermal images into three classes namely Human, Dog, and Cat. The findings demonstrate the potential of YOLOv4 for object detection on thermal images, especially when trained on large custom datasets. The results of this study may lead to the design of effective and efficient low-light vision systems that can be utilized in thermal imaging applications.
The Effect of a Clinical Posting in Psychiatry on the Attitudes of Medical Students Towards Psychiatry and Mental Illness in a Malaysian Medical School
Authors: Reddy JP , Tan SMK , Azmi MT , Shaharom MH , Rosdinom R , Maniam T , Ruzanna ZZ , Minas IH
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The stigma attached to mental illness and the mentally ill is a universal phenomenon and a major barrier to the provision of mental health services. Stigmatising attitudes among doctors themselves can result in compromised patient care. The aim of this research project is to study the impact of a clinical posting in psychiatry on the attitudes of medical students to mental illness and to psychiatry. This paper reports the results of the first phase of a longitudinal study.

Materials and Methods: A total of 122 year 4 medical students responded to this study. The Attitudes Towards Mental Illness (AMI) and Attitudes Towards Psychiatry (ATP) questionnaires were administered before and after an 8-week attachment in psychiatry.

Results: We found that students had somewhat favourable attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness at the start of their attachment, with a mean score of 108.34 on ATP (neutral score, 90) and 68.24 on AMI (neutral score, 60). There was a significant increase in the mean scores of both scales following the psychiatric attachment for female students (ATP: P = 0.003; AMI: P <0.0005), but not male students (ATP: P = 0.435; AMI: P = 0.283).

Conclusions: An 8-week clinical posting of fourth-year medical students in psychiatry was associated with an increase in positive attitudes to mental illness and to psychiatry among female students but not among male students.
Portfolio as a Learning Tool: Students’ Perspective
Authors: Elango S , Jutti RC , Lee LK
Published: September 2024

Portfolio writing is a method of encouraging reflective learning among professionals. Although portfolio-based learning is popular among educators, not many studies have been done to determine students’ perceptions of portfolio as a learning tool. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 143 medical students to find out their perceptions of the portfolio as a learning tool. A majority of the students felt that the portfolio is a good learning tool. However, they also perceived that it is stressful and time-consuming to develop a proper portfolio. The study indicates that students need appropriate guidance from the academic staff for the system to succeed.
Definitions and Goals of “Self-directed Learning” in Contemporary Medical Education Literature
Authors: Ainoda N , Onishi H , Yasuda Y
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Self-directed learning (SDL) has been an essential issue in medical education due to the expansion of knowledge, accessibility to information and greater emphasis on reflection. If SDL in educational research lacks a clear definition, terminological confusion may hinder the application of the results to practice. The aim of this study was to review and categorise the various forms of SDL described in the contemporary literature.

Methods: A search of Medline was conducted usingthe key word “self-directed learning”. Articles published between 2000 and 2004 were extracted. Review articles, letters and articles from health profession education other than medical education, were excluded. Sixty-three articles were analysed in 2 stages: first, whether the definition of SDL is explicitly described was investigated and next, contents in the articles on SDL were qualitatively analysed using a framework approach. The concept of a compassionate-empathic physician, as developed by Carmel and Glick (1996), was used as the framework.

Results: Only 5 articles (8.0%) had an explicit and concrete definition of SDL. Content analysis showed that 26 (50.0%) of the 52 articles dealt with SDL only in the scientific-technical dimension, 3 (5.8%) dealt with that only in the socio-emotional dimension and 23 (44.2%) did so in both dimensions.

Conclusion: Although many researchers use the term “self-directed learning”, only a few clearly defined it to avoid semantic confusion. Scientific-technical goals tended to be discussed more frequently in SDL. From a patient-centred viewpoint, socioemotional goals should be stressed more.