bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting last glacial to Holocene dust changes at Talos Dome (East Antarctica): implications for atmospheric variations from regional to hemispheric scales
Authors: Albani S. , Delmonte B. , Maggi V. , Baroni C. , Petit J.-R. , Stenni B. , Mazzola C. , Frezzotti M.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Central East Antarctica ice cores preserve stratigraphic records of mineral dust originating from remote sources in the Southern Hemisphere, and represent useful indicators of climatic variations on glacial-interglacial time scales. The peripheries of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, where ice-free areas with the potential to emit dust exist, have been less explored from this point of view. Here we present a new profile of dust deposition flux and grain size distributions from an ice core drilled at Talos Dome (Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica), where there is a significant input of dust from proximal Antarctic ice-free areas. We analyze dust and stable water isotopes variations from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Late Holocene, and compare them to the EPICA Dome C profiles from Central East Antarctica. The smaller glacial-interglacial variations at Talos Dome compared to Dome C, and a distinctive decreasing trend during the Holocene, characterize the TALDICE dust profile. By deciphering the composite dust signal from both remote and local sources, we show the potential of this combined proxy of source activity and atmospheric transport to give information on both regional and larger spatial scales. In particular, we show how a regional signal, which we related to the deglaciation history of the Ross Sea embayment, can be superimposed to the broader scale glacial-interglacial variability that characterizes other Antarctic sites.
No way out? The double-bind in seeking global prosperity alongside mitigated climate change
Authors: Garrett T. J.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. In a prior study (Garrett, 2011), I introduced a simple economic growth model designed to be consistent with general thermodynamic laws. Unlike traditional economic models, civilization is viewed only as a well-mixed global whole with no distinction made between individual nations, economic sectors, labor, or capital investments. At the model core is a hypothesis that the global economy's current rate of primary energy consumption is tied through a constant to a very general representation of its historically accumulated wealth. Observations support this hypothesis, and indicate that the constant's value is λ = 9.7 ± 0.3 milliwatts per 1990 US dollar. It is this link that allows for treatment of seemingly complex economic systems as simple physical systems. Here, this growth model is coupled to a linear formulation for the evolution of globally well-mixed atmospheric CO2 concentrations. While very simple, the coupled model provides faithful multi-decadal hindcasts of trajectories in gross world product (GWP) and CO2. Extending the model to the future, the model suggests that the well-known IPCC SRES scenarios substantially underestimate how much CO2 levels will rise for a given level of future economic prosperity. For one, global CO2 emission rates cannot be decoupled from wealth through efficiency gains. For another, like a long-term natural disaster, future greenhouse warming can be expected to act as an inflationary drag on the real growth of global wealth. For atmospheric CO2 concentrations to remain below a "dangerous" level of 450 ppmv (Hansen et al., 2007), model forecasts suggest that there will have to be some combination of an unrealistically rapid rate of energy decarbonization and nearly immediate reductions in global civilization wealth. Effectively, it appears that civilization may be in a double-bind. If civilization does not collapse quickly this century, then CO2 levels will likely end up exceeding 1000 ppmv; but, if CO2 levels rise by this much, then the risk is that civilization will gradually tend towards collapse.
Assessing the impact of climate variability on catchment water balance and vegetation cover
Authors: Xu X. , Yang D. , Sivapalan M.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Understanding the interactions among climate, vegetation cover and the water cycle lies at the heart of the study of watershed ecohydrology. Recently, considerable attention is being paid to the effect of climate variability on catchment water balance and also associated vegetation cover. In this paper, we investigate the general pattern of long-term water balance and vegetation cover (as reflected by fPAR) among 193 study catchments in Australia through statistical analysis. We then employ the elasticity analysis approach for quantifying the effects of climate variability on hydrologic partitioning (including total, surface and subsurface runoff) and on vegetation cover (including total, woody and non-woody vegetation cover). Based on the results of statistical analysis, we conclude that annual runoff (R), evapotranspiration (E) and runoff coefficient (R/P) increase with vegetation cover for catchments in which woody vegetation is dominant and annual precipitation is relatively high. Control of water available on annual evapotranspiration in non-woody dominated catchments is relatively stronger compared to woody dominated ones. The ratio of subsurface runoff to total runoff (Rg/R) also increases with woody vegetation cover. Through the elasticity analysis of catchment runoff, it is shown that precipitation (P) in current year is the most important factor affecting the change in annual total runoff (R), surface runoff (Rs) and subsurface runoff (Rg). The significance of other controlling factors is in the order of annual precipitation in previous years (P−1 and P−2), which represents the net effect of soil moisture and annual mean temperature (T) in current year. Change of P by +1% causes a +3.35% change of R, a +3.47% change of Rs and a +2.89% change of Rg, on average. Results of elasticity analysis on the maximum monthly vegetation cover indicate that incoming shortwave radiation during the growing season (Rsd,grow) is the most important factor affecting the change in vegetation cover. Change of Rsd,grow by +1% produces a −1.08% change of total vegetation cover (Ft) on average. The significance of other causative factors is in the order of precipitation during growing season, mean temperature during growing season and precipitation during non-growing season. Growing season precipitation is more significant than non-growing season precipitation to non-woody vegetation cover, but both have equivalent effects to woody vegetation cover.
A water availability and low-flow analysis of the Tagliamento River discharge in Italy under changing climate conditions
Authors: Gunawardhana L. N. , Kazama S.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. This study estimated the effects of projected variations in precipitation and temperature on snowfall-snowmelt processes and subsequent river discharge variations in the Tagliamento River in Italy. A lumped-parameter, non-linear, rainfall-runoff model with 10 general circulation model (GCM) scenarios was used to capture river response variations attributed to climate-driven changes in 3 future time periods in comparison to the present climate. Spatial and temporal changes in snow cover were assessed using 15 high-quality Landsat images collected during the 2001–2003 time period, which were further used to define different elevation bands to incorporate the elevation effects on snowfall-snowmelt processes. The 7Q10 low-flow probability distribution approximated by the Log-Pearson type III distribution function was used to examine river discharge variations with respect to climate extremes in the future. On average, the results obtained for 10 scenarios indicate a consistent warming rate for all time periods, which may increase the maximum and minimum temperatures by 2.3 °C (0.6–3.7 °C) and 2.7 °C (1.0–4.0 °C), respectively, by the end of the 21st century compared to the present climate. Consequently, the exponential rate of frost day decrease for 1 °C winter warming in lower-elevation areas is approximately three-fold (262%) higher than that in higher-elevation areas, revealing that snowfall in lower-elevation areas will be more vulnerable under a changing climate. In spite of the relatively minor changes in annual precipitation (−17.4 ~ 1.7% compared to the average of the baseline (1991–2010) period), snowfall will likely decrease by 48–67% during the 2080–2099 time period. The accumulated effects of a decrease in winter precipitation and an increase in evapotranspiration demand on winter river discharge will likely be compensated for by early snowmelt runoff due to increases in winter temperatures. Nevertheless, the river discharge in other seasons will decrease significantly, with a 59% decrease in the predicted river discharge in October over 100 yr. The low-flow analysis indicated that while the magnitude of the minimum river discharge will increase (e.g. a 25% increase in the 7Q10 estimations for the winter season in the 2080–2099 time period), the number of annual average low-flow events will also increase (e.g. 16 and 15 more days during the spring and summer seasons, respectively, in the 2080–2099 time period compared to the average during the baseline period), leading to a future with a highly variable river discharge. Moreover, a consistent shift in river discharge timing would eventually cause snowmelt-generated river discharge to occur approximately 12 days earlier during the 2080–2099 time period compared to the baseline climate. These results are expected to raise the concern of policy makers, leading to the development of new water management strategies in the Tagliamento River basin to cope with changing climate conditions.
The University of Colorado Certificate Program in Bioinnovation and Entrepreneurship: An interdisciplinary, cross-campus model
Authors: Parthasarathy Madhavan , Forlani David , Meyers Arlen
Published: January 2012

In keeping with an emerging literature on the role of business education in the development of entrepreneurially-intentioned biotechnologists, this paper describes the actions and experiences of an entrepreneurship program that began in the late 1990â€™s. Along the way it illustrates how a business-centric approach can shift the budding entrepreneurâ€™s perspective from a product to a market orientation when considering an innovationâ€™s commercialization. While the developmental timeline and specific stages of the adoption process for biotechnology-based products vary from traditional consumer or industrial products, there many similarities, foremost is the notion that to be successful the market must perceive significant advantage to the new offering. Lastly, this paper provides thoughts on potentially profitable areas for program expansion and new foci, especially regarding the globalization of biotechnology innovation and international opportunities.
Patent litigation in India and interim injunctions â€” An evolving jurisprudence
Authors: Sharma Rajashree , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2012

This paper attempts to summarize and analyze the judicial trend towards granting or denying interim injunctive relief in patent litigation arena.
Microbial Natural Products: Chemical Diversity
Authors: Sanchez Sergio , Guzmán‐Trampe Silvia , Ávalos Mariana , Ruiz Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Sanoja Romina , Jiménez‐Estrada Manuel
Published: January 2012

Microorganisms produce numerous natural products that, although they may not participate directly in their growth and development, do play an important role in the organism's ecological interactions with other organisms (secondary metabolites). Many of these products have therapeutic and agricultural applications and have been crucial to the health and well‐being of humans. Approximately one third of the top‐selling drugs in the world that are recognized in the pharmaceutical industry as having broad structural diversity and a wide range of pharmacological activity are natural products or their derivatives. The structural diversity of these products makes them valuable as novel lead compounds against newly discovered therapeutic targets. Similar biological effects are often displayed by different chemical species. Likely, many undiscovered microbes exist that are capable of producing natural compounds exhibiting biological activities with potential commercial application. Here, we discuss several important microbial natural products, with a special emphasis on their chemical diversity.
Synthesis and Properties of Konjac Glucomannan‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐trimethylallyl ammonium chloride) as a Novel Polyampholytic Superabsorbent
Authors: Tian Da‐Ting , Li Shi‐Rong , Liu Xin‐Ping , Wang Jing‐Shou , Liu Cheng‐Mei
Published: January 2012

A novel polyampholyte superabsorbent, konjac glucomannan‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐trimethylallyl ammonium chloride), was prepared by the free‐radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and trimethylallyl ammonium chloride (TMAAC) monomers onto konjac glucomannan (KGM), an important polysaccharide, in the presence of N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a cross‐linker with potassium persulfate as an initiator. The structure of the graft copolymers was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of reaction variables, including the amount of cross‐linking agent and initiator, the weight ratio of both (AA + TMAAC) to KGM and AA to (AA + TMAAC), neutralization degree of AA, bath temperature, as well as reaction time, on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer was investigated. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 550 g/g for distilled water and 60 g/g at a 0.9 wt% aqueous NaCl solution. Moreover, the effect of the pH of the solution on the water absorbency of the copolymers was studied. The results showed that water absorbency was maximum at the acidic and alkaline conditions. The water absorbency at the isoelectric point was relatively low. These results suggest that KGM‐g‐(PAA‐co‐PTMAAC) hydrogels showed unique pH‐dependent swelling properties in contrast to those of conventional acrylic acid based superabsorbents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E131–E140, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20277
Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activities of para‐biguanidinyl benzoyl chitosan hydrochloride
Authors: Zhao‐Sheng Cai , Yue‐Ming Sun , Chun‐Sheng Yang , Xue‐Mei Zhu
Published: January 2012

Para‐biguanidinyl benzoyl chitosan hydrochloride (p‐BGBC) is prepared with chitosan (CTS) and para‐biguanidinyl benzoyl chloride, which is synthesized by acidchloride reaction of para‐biguanidinyl benzonic acid hydrochloride (p‐BGBA), as starting material in the medium consisted of MeSO3H and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Structure of p‐BGBC is characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and its antimicrobial activities are evaluated against a Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and a Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Compared with CTS hydrochloride, p‐BGBC has much stronger antimicrobial activities, which increase with the increase of its degree of substitution (DS) of guanidinylation. When the DS of p‐BGBC achieves or exceeds 36.8%, its antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria are higher than that of Bromo‐Geramium. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effects of temperature, radiation, and illumination on current–voltage characteristics of Au/PVA(Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky diodes
Authors: Dökme İlbilge , Altindal Şemsettin , Uslu İbrahim
Published: January 2012

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/(Co‐Ni) nanofiber film was fabricated on silicon wafer using electrospinning technique. The topography of the produced PVA/(Co‐Ni) nanofiber film was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Au/Poly (vinyl alcohol) (Co, Ni‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky diode (SD) was thermally formed in evaporating system after the spinning process. At first, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Au/PVA (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si SD was measured at the room temperature (300 K). For the investigating the effect of temperature, illumination and radiation on Au/PVA (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si SD comparatively, the measurement was performed under the illumination intensity of 200 W, at 380K, and finally the radiation dose of 22 kGy respectively. The diode characteristics such as the zero‐bias barrier height (ϕBo), ideality factor (n) and series resistance (Rs) were calculated at room temperature and under the condition of high temperature, illumination, and radiation. It was found that these characteristics were affected by the illumination and radiation as well as the temperature. The density of interface states (Nss) distribution profiles as a function of (Ec ‐ Ess) extracted from the forward I–V measurements were also affected by illumination and radiation even if just a bit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
TiCl4 immobilized on a composite support SiO2/MgCl2·x(1,4‐butanediol)/poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)] for ethylene polymerization: The barrier effect of poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)]
Authors: Jiang Binbo , Du Lijun , Wang Fang , Ye Jian , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong
Published: January 2012

By immobilizing titanium‐based Ziegler–Natta catalyst on composite support, SiO2/MgCl2·x(1,4‐butanediol)/poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)] (SiO2/MgCl2·xBD/PSA) and SiO2/MgCl2·xBD/PSA/TiCl4 (SMPT) were synthesized for ethylene polymerization. SiO2/MgCl2·xBD/TiCl4 without PSA was also prepared for comparison. The results of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that SMPT had a unique core‐mantle‐shell structure. The PSA layer can be considered as a barrier for the mass‐transfer of reactants based on the results of self‐diffusion measurement by pulsed field gradient NMR and ethylene polymerization. The polyethylene produced by SMPT showed high molecular weight (MW) and broad molecular weight distribution (MWD). The influences of PSA content, hydrogen, and comonomer on the ethylene polymerization behavior were also investigated. The results further demonstrated that the PSA layer in the composite support had different diffusion capabilities to the reactants. The physical properties of the produced polyethylene implied the possibility to control the MW and MWD of polyethylene by the manipulation of PSA layer. The catalyst fragmentation during ethylene polymerization was also affected by the PSA shell due to its barrier effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A New Concept for Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors: Nonionic Mimics of the Nucleotide Donor of the Human Blood Group B Galactosyltransferase
Authors: Schaefer Katrin , Albers Joachim , Sindhuwinata Nora , Peters Thomas , Meyer Bernd
Published: January 2012

Glycosyltransferases play an important role in the formation of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. To find suitable and selective inhibitors for this class of enzymes is still challenging. Here, we describe a novel concept that allows the design of inhibitors based on the structure of the donor substrate binding pocket. As a first step we describe the design, synthesis and analysis of inhibitors of the human blood group B galactosyltransferase (GTB). This enzyme served as a model system to study the concept, which can be used for easy access of glycosyltransferase inhibitors in general. In silico docking of bicyclic heteroaromatic ligands to GTB and experimental verification of binding affinities by saturation transfer difference NMR (STD NMR) spectroscopy gave 9‐N‐pentityl uric acid derivatives as non‐ionic mimics of UDP. Two derivatives were synthesized and showed inhibitory activity for GTB as determined by competitive STD NMR experiments and by a radiolabeled enzyme assay.
Application of Central Composite Rotatable Design for Mixing Time Analysis in Mechanically Agitated Vessels
Authors: Fakheri F. , Moghaddas J. , Zadghaffari R. , Moghaddas Y.
Published: January 2012

Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was applied for analyzing and optimizing the effects of impeller rotational speed, gas flow rate, probe location, and tracer injection point on the gas‐liquid two‐phase mixing time in an agitated vessel with a dual six‐blade Rushton turbine. Knowledge of the effects of independent factors on the mixing time is necessary in order to optimize the mixing process. The mathematical relationship between mixing time and four significant independent variables can be approximated by a nonlinear polynomial model. The obtained results demonstrate that CCRD could efficiently be applied for modeling mixing time. It requires fewer experimental runs and provides sufficient information as compared to a factorial design.
Formation of Melamium Adducts by Pyrolysis of Thiourea or Melamine/NH4Cl Mixtures
Authors: Braml Nicole E. , Sattler Andreas , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: January 2012

Pyrolysis of prominent precursor compounds for the synthesis of carbon nitride type materials (e.g., melamine, thiourea) have been studied in detail. Molecular adducts containing monoprotonated melamium C6N11H10+ and melaminium HC3N3(NH2)3+ ions, respectively, have been identified as intermediates. The adduct C6N11H10Cl⋅0.5NH4Cl was obtained by the reaction of melamine C3N3(NH2)3 with NH4Cl at 450 °C. During the pyrolysis of thiourea, guanidinium thiocyanate was initially formed and subsequently the melamium thiocyanate melamine adduct C6N11H10SCN⋅2C3N3(NH2)3 was isolated at 300 °C. A second melaminium thiocyanate melamine adduct with the formula HC3N3(NH2)3SCN⋅2C3N3(NH2)3 represents an intermediary reaction product that is best accessible at low pressures. The crystal structures of the compounds were solved by single‐crystal XRD. Unequivocal proton localization at the C6N11H10+ ion was established. A typical intramolecular and interannular hydrogen bridge and other characteristic hydrogen‐bonding motifs were identified. Additionally, the adducts were investigated by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Our study provides detailed insight into the thermal condensation of thiourea by identifying and characterizing key intermediates involved in the condensation process leading to carbon nitride type materials. Furthermore, factors promoting the formation of melamium adduct phases over melem are discussed.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Self‐Assembled Metallogels of Platinum(II) Acetylide Complexes with Elaborate Long‐Chain Pyridine‐2,6‐Dicarboxamides
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chi , Lin Ju‐Ling , Shen Yuan‐Ting , Hung Chen‐Yen , Chen Chan‐Yu , Sun Shih‐Sheng
Published: January 2012

A series of platinum(II) acetylide complexes with elaborate long‐chain pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamides was synthesized. These metal complexes are capable of immobilizing organic solvents to form luminescent metallogels through a combination of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, aromatic π–π, and van der Waals interactions. Fibrillar morphologies were identified by TEM for these metallogels. Unique photophysical properties associated with the sol‐to‐gel transition have been disclosed with luminescence enhancement at elevated temperatures, which is in sharp contrast to typical thermotropic organogels or metallogels reported in the literature. Such unusual luminescence enhancement is attributed to the increased degree of freedom at higher temperatures that results in the formation of favorable molecular aggregates in the excited state through enhanced aromatic π–π and metallophilic PtII⋅⋅⋅PtII interactions. Structurally similar Pt‐bp3 is not able to gel any common organic solvents. The inability of Pt‐bp3 to form gels illustrates the importance of gelation to the macroscopic photophysical properties; Pt‐bp3 does not show emission enhancement at elevated temperatures due to its low tendency to form strong aggregates in the ground state.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tetragonal Form of Dysprosium Orthomolybdate at Room Temperature.
Authors: Dorzhieva Sesegma , Chumak Ihor , Sarapulova Angelina Sarapulova Angelina , Mikhailova Daria , Bazarova Jibzema , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: January 2012

Single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 with the high‐temperature β‐form are prepared from a mixture of Dy2O3, ZrO2, and MoO3 in evacuated sealed silica tubes at 1273 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence of Lithium Magnesium Manganese Borate Solid Solutions, LiMg1‐xMnxBO3.
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Kawano Tetsuya , Fukuda Kentaro , Suehiro Takayuki , Sato Tsugio
Published: January 2012

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, MgO, MnO, and H3BO3 (Ar, 800 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Synthesis of Calcium Borohydroxyapatite.
Authors: Gueler H. , Guendogmaz G. , Kurtulus F. , Celik G. , Gacanoglu S. S.
Published: January 2012

Calcium borohydroxyapatite is obtained using colemanite as a primary source of both calcium and boron.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Titanium Borophosphates with Rigid Gainesite‐Type Framework Structure.
Authors: Kniep Ruediger , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Nanoporous titanium borophosphates M{TiIV2 [B(PO4)4]}·xH2O (M: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, H3O; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are hydrothermally synthesized by reaction of Ti in HCl solution with boric acid and the respective alkali metal phosphate (autoclave, 453 K, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of the New Lead Fluoride Borate — Pb2BO3F.
Authors: Zhao Wenwu , Pan Shilie , Han Jian , Yao Jiyong , Yang Yun , Li Junjie , Zhang Min , Zhang Lian Han , Hang Yin
Published: January 2012

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by melting a mixture of PbO, PbF2, and H3BO3 in the molar ratio 3:2:2 (Pt crucible, 15 h, controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Between Secondary Alcohols and Aldehydes under Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Redox Shuttle.
Authors: Cho Chan Sik , Kim Bok Tae , Yoon Nam Sik
Published: January 2012

Secondary alcohols react with various (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst along with KOH to give coupled ketones or coupled secondary alcohols according to reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst and Medium for the Dealkylation of Esters.
Authors: Wei Ben‐Mei , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Dai Zhi‐Qun , Zhang Kai‐Cheng
Published: January 2012

The ionic liquid Py·HBr/AlCl3, the best among four chloroaluminate ionic liquids testet, can be reused six times without any loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Effective Synthesis of Spirocycloalkanones.
Authors: Zoidis Grigoris , Kolocouris Nicolas
Published: January 2012

A facile and experimentally convenient protocol for the construction of spirocarbocyclic adamantane derivatives (VIII) is developed involving intramolecular Thorpe—Ziegler cyclization of dinitriles (VI) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Diverse α,α‐Diarylmethylamines via Aryl Grignard Additions to Chiral N‐2,4,6‐Triisopropylbenzenesulfinylimines.
Authors: Han Zhengxu , Busch Robert , Fandrick Keith R. , Meyer Angelica , Xu Yibo , Krishnamurthy Dhileep K. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: January 2012

With the use of the sterically hindered auxiliary, the reactions conducted at room temperature proceed with higher conversions, reaction rates, and stereoselectivities compared to those at ‐40 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination of Monosubstituted Allylic Substrates with BocNHOMe.
Authors: Zheng Bao‐Hui , Ding Chang‐Hua , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: January 2012

In the presence of SCP, hydroxylamine (II) is developed as novel N‐nucleophile to produce the desired amines (III) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Aryl Bromides under the Assistance of 5‐Bromo‐2‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine and Related Ligands.
Authors: Jia Jianhuan , Jiang Chengling , Zhang Xiaojing , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: January 2012

After screening different types of imidazole derivatives, BIP is found to be an effective ligand for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Based Dipeptides as Efficient Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Brine.
Authors: Tian Hua , Gao Jun‐Long , Xu Hao , Zheng Liang‐Yu , Huang Wen‐Bo , Liu Qing‐Wen , Zhang Suo‐Qin
Published: January 2012

Simple N‐proline‐based dipeptides (I) in combination with 2,4‐dinitrophenol produce the aldol products in high yields and with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Direct Acetoxylation of Arenes with Iodobenzene Diacetate.
Authors: Qiu Di , Zheng Zhitong , Mo Fanyang , Xiao Qing , Tian Yu , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2012

The reaction requires an excess of aromatic substrate to avoid an over‐acetoxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Neighboring Group Assisted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,2‐Diketone/Benzil Derivatives from o‐(Alkynyl)benzamides.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ansary Inul , De Rajendra Narayan , Roy B.
Published: January 2012

optimized conditions render possible the preparation of various diones as structural motifs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines by Virtue of a Water‐Soluble Gold/DNA Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Ye , Zhu Dapeng , Tang Lin , Wang Sujing , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2012

The direct synthesis of amides from alcohols and amines is achieved using gold nanoparticles immobilized on DNA as a heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Reaction of Methyl 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐3‐deoxy‐hexopyranosid‐2‐ulose and Various Arylamines.
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhang Xuefeng , Li Fulong , Ding Chunyong , Wu Wenjuan , Zhang Ao
Published: January 2012

Treatment of the ulose derivative (I) with p‐anisidine in NaOH/CHCl3 does not produce the expected cyclic amino acid structure but enaminoketone (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Inden‐1‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Nagarajan Subbiah , Muthuvel Paneerselvam , Das Thangamuthu Mohan
Published: January 2012

A new methodology for the synthesis of title structures bearing different substituents at the 2‐position is based on the condensation of phthaldialdehyde with methyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds: Improved Conditions Utilizing Controlled Microwave Heating.
Authors: Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Pilger Christian , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: January 2012

A wide range of arylated heteroaryls and bisheteroaryls can be prepared in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium tert‐Butoxide Mediated Heck‐Type Cyclization/Isomerization—Benzofurans from Organocatalytic Radical Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Leiendecker Matthias , Das Arindam , Poisson Thomas , Bui Lan
Published: January 2012

A transition metal‐free Heck‐type cyclization/isomerization reaction mediated by KOtBu and phenanthroline is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Binaphthol‐Derived Bisphosphoric Acids Serve as Efficient Organocatalysts for Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides to Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: He Long , Chen Xiao‐Hua , Wang De‐Nan , Luo Shi‐Wei , Zhang Wen‐Quan , Yu Jie , Ren Lei , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: January 2012

Among several chiral bisphosphoric acids evaluated, oxygen‐linked acid BNO provides the highest level of stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Protocol to 1,2,4‐Substituted Pyrroles via a Sonogashira Coupling—Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Zhu Da , Zhao Jie , Wei Yuxiu , Zhou Hongwei
Published: January 2012

Coupling of bromides (I) and (IV) with alkynes is followed by cyclization of the non‐isolable intermediate to give the desired substituted pyrrole structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of 1‐(2‐(Tosylamino)phenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols to 1H‐Indole‐2‐carbaldehydes and (E)‐2‐(Iodomethylene)indolin‐3‐ols.
Authors: Kothandaraman Prasath , Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Toh Sharon Si Min , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: January 2012

The Au‐catalyzed treatment of substrates (I), (IV), and (VII) with NIS at low temperature allows a simple and efficient access to (E)‐2‐(iodomethylene)indolinols.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylphosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenoate and Active Olefins: Synthesis of Spirooxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Guo Shanyan , Wang Rendong , Li Jian , Li Chunju , Deng Hongmei , Jia Xueshun
Published: January 2012

The process proceeds with complete regioselectivity and allows the application in medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Modification of the Leimgruber—Batcho Indole Synthesis: Reduction of 2‐Nitro‐β‐pyrrolidinostyrenes by the FeCl3‐Activated Carbon—N2H4·H2O System.
Authors: Taydakov I. V. , Dutova T. Ya. , Sidorenko E. N. , Krasnoselsky S. S.
Published: January 2012

An unusual catalytic system containing ferric chloride, activated carbon, and hydrazine is successfully applied for the reductive cyclization step in the Leimgruber—Batcho indole synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Difference Between BH3 Groove of Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐2 Protein: Implications for Dual Inhibitors Design.
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Yang Hongna , Wu Guiye , Li Zhiqiang , Song Ting , Li Xiang qian
Published: January 2012

A series of 8‐oxo‐acenaphthopyrrole‐9‐carbonitriles (IV) are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Ullmann and Ullmann—Finkelstein Reactions for the Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐N‐(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)acetamide or N‐(1‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)acetamide Derivatives and Pharmacological Evaluation.
Authors: Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca , Cousaert Nicolas , Toto Patrick , Willand Nicolas , Deprez Benoit
Published: January 2012

The target compounds (IV) and (XI), which are synthesized using the title reactions, are evaluated for their pharmacological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrazoles and Bispyrazoles Catalyzed by Zinc Triflate.
Authors: Safaei Shirin , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah
Published: January 2012

The optimized conditions A) or B) render possible the reaction of aldehydes, aryl hydrazines and ester (III) to give high yields of the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 1,2,5‐Trisubstituted Benzimidazoles as Potential Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Abonia Rodrigo , Cortes Edwar , Insuasty Braulio , Quiroga Jairo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: January 2012

The compounds (III) are screened for their cytotoxic activity against a range of cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Free Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Alkynylation of Azoles with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Patil Sachin S. , Jadhav Rahul P. , Patil Sachin V. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: January 2012

The process can be applied to aliphatic and (het)aromatic alkyne substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 3,5‐Di(trifluoromethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolesulfonylurea and Thiourea Derivatives as Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Faidallah Hassan M. , Khan Khalid A. , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: January 2012

Several series of title compounds are prepared starting from (I) and screened for their antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Bibian Mathieu , Martinez Jean , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain
Published: January 2012

Silver benzoate is shown to promote the synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazoles bearing up to three chiral amino acid derived groups in positions 3, 4, and 5 of the triazole ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Tin‐Free Tandem Radical Additions to 3‐Formylchromones.
Authors: Zimmerman Jake R. , Manpadi Madhuri , Spatney Russell , Baker Aaron
Published: January 2012

The stereoselective method to prepare 2,3‐disubstituted chromone derivatives creates 3 stereocenters with good to high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Substituted Pyridine Aldehydes as Intermediates for the Synthesis of Toddaquinoline, Its Derivatives and Other Natural Products.
Authors: Serban Georgeta , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo
Published: January 2012

The highly practical and efficient synthesis of the substituted pyridine aldehydes (IV) and (VII), without the use of very expensive or dangerous reagents, are realized via the presented bromination and the DMF‐formylation step of the pyridine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids and Grignard Reagents to Dienylpyridines.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Salado Irene G. , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: January 2012

The use of FeCl2 as the catalyst yields mixtures of E/Z‐olefins except in the case of substrates (VI), where only the (Z) isomers are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyridinones via NHC‐Catalyzed Aza‐Claisen Reaction.
Authors: Wanner Benedikt , Mahatthananchai Jessada , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2012

The reaction of various enals with enamides in the presence of chiral NHC affords enantioenriched dihydropyridinones without any need of N‐protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Quinolines Bearing a Biologically Active Trimethoxyphenyl Moiety as a New Class of Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Al‐Said Mansour S. , Bashandy Mahmound S. , Ghorab Mostafa M.
Published: January 2012

Compounds (IIIe), (IIIf) and (IIIg) show higher antitumor activity when compared with doxorubicin as reference drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Alkynylation of C1‐Substituted C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines by CuI/Chiral Broensted Acid Co‐Catalyst.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Omote Masato , Maruoka Keiji
Published: January 2012

The alkynylation is also applicable to the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives with a tetrasubstituted carbon center at the C1‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Assessment of Diversely Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline, and Benzo[b]pyrazolo[4,3‐g][1,8]naphthyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Carreiras M. Carmo , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Diversely substituted tacrine analogues are synthesized by Friedlaender‐type reactions of readily available o‐amino‐1‐methylpyrazoledicarbonitrile derivatives with cyclohexanone.
ChemInform Abstract: N3‐Alkylation During Formation of Quinazolin‐4‐ones from Condensation of Anthranilamides and Orthoamides.
Authors: Threadgill Michael D. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Orthoamides with less sterically demanding alkyl groups such as (II), (IV) or (VI) act as both electrophilic one‐carbon unit and direct alkylating agents at N3 of anthranilamides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Combustion Derived Nanocrystalline‐ZrO2 and Its Catalytic Activity for Biginelli Condensation under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Bhojegowd Madhusudana Reddy M. , Siddaramanna Ashoka , Shiddappa Anandakumar B. , Thimmanna Chandrappa G. , Pasha Mohamed A.
Published: January 2012

The catalyst can be recycled without change in its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum: In vitro Identification of a New Antiplasmodial Hit in 4‐Phenoxy‐2‐trichloromethylquinazoline Series.
Authors: Vanelle Patrice , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

A two‐step approach yields quinazolines (IV), possessing a substituted phenoxy group at position 4.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of 2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐(4H)‐ones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—O Bond Formation.
Authors: Ylijoki Kai E. O. , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: January 2012

Aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted benzoxazinones are prepared via Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C—O bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Domino Reactions for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of 5,6‐Disubstituted 3‐Thiomorpholinones.
Authors: Indumathi Sethuraman , Perumal Subbu , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: January 2012

The biologically important heterocyclic skeleton is formed with complete diastereoselectivity but in a nearly racemic form despite the presence of an optically active catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of 17α‐Alkylated Derivatives of Estradiol as Inhibitors of Steroid Sulfatase.
Authors: Fournier Diane , Poirier Donald
Published: January 2012

An extended series of 17α‐derivatives is synthesized by using different strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyroglutamates.
Authors: Just Matthew J. , Tekkam Srinivas , Alam Mohammad A. , Jonnalagadda Subash C. , Johnson Joseph L. , Mereddy Venkatram R.
Published: January 2012

A highly diastereoselective alkylation of threonine‐based oxazoline (I) becomes possible with Baylis—Hillman‐derived allyl bromides or Baylis—Hillman acetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Reverse Orthogonal Strategy for Oligosaccharide Synthesis.
Authors: Fujikawa Kohki , Ganesh N. Vijaya , Tan Yih Horng , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: January 2012

A novel concept for oligosaccharide synthesis is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New Substituted Pyrimidine Glycosides.
Authors: Ramiz Mahmoud M. M. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , Hagag Ezzat , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H.
Published: January 2012

The compounds (I)—(III) are screened for their antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4β‐Triazole‐podophyllotoxin Derivatives by Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition and Biological Evaluation as Potential Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Chen Hong , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

A variety of new 4‐β‐[(4‐substituted)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]podophyllotoxins are synthesized using azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Benzofuranylpropanoids from Nicotiana tabacum and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities.
Authors: Tan Jianlin , Chen Zhangyu , Yang Guangyu , Miao Mingming , Chen Yongkuan , Li Tianfei
Published: January 2012

Nicotfurans A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated from the roots and stems of N.tabacum.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Yellowish‐Green‐Emitting Phosphor: Eu2+‐Doped K4CaSi3O9.
Authors: Yuan Beiling , Wang Xigang , Tsuboi Taiju , Huang Yanlin , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: January 2012

The title phosphor is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of K2CO3, CaCO3, SiO2, and Eu2O3 with 1.0—5.0 mol% Eu2+ (850 °C for 10 h and 950 °C for 10 h mixed with active carbon).
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Direct Mukaiyama‐Type Reactions Catalytic in Silicon
Authors: Garcia Jesus M. , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio
Published: January 2012

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Approaches to Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) for the Treatment of Influenza
Authors: Magano Javier
Published: January 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Reactions Involving Arynes
Authors: Worlikar S. A. , Larock R. C.
Published: January 2012

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Halo(hetero)arenes with Sodium Azide as the Amino Source
Authors: Messaoudi S. , Brion J.‐D. , Alami M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Strecker Reactions
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: January 2012

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalytic Systems
Authors: Collis Alana E. C. , Horvath Istvan T.
Published: January 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, and Biological Activity of 11‐Azaartemisinin and Derivatives
Authors: Alen Jo , Ngan Truong Bich , Nguyen Van Hung , Dehaen Wim
Published: January 2012

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodonium Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yusubov Mekhman S. , Maskaev Andrey V. , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: January 2012

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One Hundred Years of the Fritz Haber Institute
Authors: Friedrich Bretislav , Hoffmann Dieter , James Jeremiah
Published: January 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fun with Photons, Reactive Intermediates, and Friends. Skating on the Edge of the Paradigms of Physical Organic Chemistry, Organic Supramolecular Photochemistry, and Spin Chemistry.
Authors: Turro Nicholas J.
Published: January 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reliable and Efficient Procedures for the Conjugation of Biomolecules Through Huisgen Azide—Alkyne Cycloadditions
Authors: Lallana Enrique , Riguera Ricardo , Fernandez‐Megia Eduardo
Published: January 2012

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Staudinger Ligation as a Method for Bioconjugation
Authors: van Berkel Sander S. , van Eldijk Mark B. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3D‐Micro/Nano Structures of Conducting Polymers Assembled from 1D‐Nanostructures and Their Controlling Wettability
Authors: Zhu Ying , Liu Mingjie , Wan Meixiang , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Critical Review on Recent Methods Used for Economically Viable and Eco‐Friendly Development of Microalgae as a Potential Feedstock for Synthesis of Biodiesel
Authors: Sharma Yogesh C. , Singh Bhaskar , Korstad John
Published: January 2012

Review: 113 refs.
Regeneration of olfactory afferent axons in the locust brain
Authors: Stern Michael , Scheiblich Hannah , Eickhoff René , Didwischus Nadine , Bicker Gerd
Published: January 2012

Confocal image of a locust brain 14 days after one antenna had been crushed. Antennal afferents were anterogradely labeled with Neurobiotin (magenta). Aberrantly regenerated olfactory receptor axons have grown through the antennocerebral tract into the mushroom body. Counterstaining: phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Volume 520, Number 4, pages 679‐693.
Synthesis, Molecular Structures, and Reactivity of Dianionic Guanidinate Lanthanide/Lithium Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Xingmin , Qian Cunwei , Wang Chuanyong , Zhang Yong , Wang Yaorong , Yao Yingming , Shen Qi
Published: January 2012

Anhydrous LnCl3 was treated with [LiiPrNC(HNiPr)N(C6H4p‐Cl)] and nBuLi at a molar ratio of 1:2:2 in THF to afford heterometallic Ln–Li chlorides stabilized by two dianionic guanidinate ligands [{(iPrN)2C[NLi(THF)3(C6H4p‐Cl)]}2Ln(μ‐Cl2)Li(THF)2]·nTHF [Ln = La (1), Nd (2) n = 2; Sm (3), Yb (4), Y (5) n = 3] in good yields. Treatment of thechlorides with NaOiPr and KOtBu yielded the corresponding isopropoxides [{[(iPrN)2CN(C6H4p‐Cl)Li]2(DME)(LiCl)Ln(OiPr)2}2]2–[{Li(DME)3}+]2·3C6H14 [Ln = Nd (6), Sm (7), Yb (8), Y (9); DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane] and tert‐butoxides [{(iPrN)2C(NC6H4p‐Cl)Li(DME)(LiCl)}2Ln(OtBu)2]–[Li(DME)3]+·0.5C6H14 [Ln = Nd (10), Yb (11)]. Attempts to synthesize the corresponding amide and guanidinate complexes by treating 2 with LiNHC6H5 and [LiiPrNC(HNiPr)N(C6H5)] led to the isolation of guanidinate lithium,[LiiPrNC(HNiPr)N(C6H4p‐Cl)(THF)]2 (12). Addition of diisopropylcarbodiimide (iPrN=C=NiPr) into the reaction system of trisguanidinate lanthanide complex [{iPrNHC(NiPr)(NC6H4p‐Cl)}3Yb(THF)] and nBuLi led to the preparation of the first heterometallic Yb–Li complex with a novel biguanidinate ligand [{iPrNHC(NiPr)N(C6H4p‐Cl)}2Yb{(iPrNC(NiPr)2)N(C6H4p‐Cl)C(iPrN)}Li(THF)]·THF (13). The molecular structures of 1–3 and 6–13 were determined by X‐ray crystal structural analysis.