bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL NOS IDOSOS
Authors: Rebelo Alexandre Gaião Chaves , Gonçalves Brenda Camargo , Quintana Victor Martins , Ribeiro Willian Fernando de Paula
Published: October 2024

O envelhecimento populacional crescente e o aumento da expectativa de vida trazem desafios para a saúde pública, incluindo a maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) em idosos. A HA é uma condição multifatorial que pode levar a complicações graves se não controlada. Este estudo visa analisar a fisiopatologia, avaliação clínica, diagnóstico, tratamento e complicações da HA em idosos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em artigos científicos e livros sobre o tema, buscando compreender as particularidades da HA nessa população. A HA em idosos apresenta características específicas relacionadas ao envelhecimento, como a rigidez vascular e alterações cardíacas. O diagnóstico requer avaliação clínica completa e monitorização da pressão arterial. O tratamento envolve modificações no estilo de vida e terapia medicamentosa individualizada, visando reduzir os riscos de complicações como doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares. É crucial a atenção à saúde do idoso hipertenso para garantir qualidade de vida e longevidade.
A Study on Cost Volume Profitability Analysis
Authors: Swathi. P  , Mahadev Neetha
Published: October 2024

This research aims to identify the optimal production or service volume that maximizes profitability while maintaining cost-effectiveness. By analyzing the balance between production output and associated costs, the study explores businesses can optimize their operations. Additionally, the research investigates potential costsaving opportunities that arise from economies of scale and volume-based efficiencies. These insights will help businesses enhance financial performance, streamline production processes, and reduce overall operational costs.
Repurposing Entacapone, a Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase Inhibitor, for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Combined Morgan Fingerprint and Docking Approach
Authors: Sandeep Mr. Adivarekar Shonak , Vithal. Dr. Udugade Babaso.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of repurposing Entacapone, a known catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, for the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) using an integrated approach that combines Morgan Fingerprint analysis and molecular docking studies. Entacapone, originally approved for managing Parkinson’s disease, was identified as a candidate through ligand-based virtual screening on the DrugRep platform. The screening revealed a strong binding affinity of Entacapone to aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), with a docking score of -8.3, suggesting its potential to inhibit this enzyme, similar to the mechanism of action seen with Disulfiram, a commonly used AUD medication. Molecular docking studies further highlighted key interactions between Entacapone and critical residues in ALDH, providing a structural basis for its repurposing in AUD therapy. Validation metrics from PDB-REDO showed notable improvements in model quality, with reductions in the R-free value from 0.2772 to 0.2490, and enhancements in bond angle RMS Zscores and Ramachandran plot normality, further supporting the robustness of the docking results. This study underscores the feasibility of using Entacapone as a potential therapeutic agent for AUD and highlights the utility of combining ligand-based screening with molecular docking in drug repurposing. The findings pave the way for further experimental validation and potential clinical applications for AUD treatment, especially in patients seeking alternative therapeutic options.
Sztuczna inteligencja w digital marketingu/Artificial intelligence in digital marketing
Authors: Szews Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie najważniejszych obszarów wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji w działaniach digital marketingu. Dzięki przeglądowi dostępnej literatury, analizie treści artykułów branżowych, komentarzy i blogów, a także doświadczeniach własnych autora wyodrębnione zostają główne obszary, gdzie sztuczna inteligencja jest najbardziej pomocna. Wcześniej omówiony i scharakteryzowany zostaje najważniejszy dla tematu rodzaj sztucznej inteligencji – uczenie maszynowe oraz procesy automatyzacji. Obserwacje autora oraz spostrzeżenia znajdujące się w dostępnej literaturze przedmiotu, zostają zestawione z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych wśród praktyków – osób pracujących w marketingu cyfrowym w Polsce i na świecie, prezentując aktualne trendy i zachowania marketerów. Egzemplifikacją tematu jest także studium przypadku, ukazujące możliwości wybranych aplikacji i narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji w zakresie content i digital marketingu.This article is about the use of artificial intelligence in digital marketing. The aim of the article is to show the most important areas of the use of artificial intelligence in digital marketing activities. Through a review of available literature, content analysis of industry articles, commentaries and blogs, as well as the author's own experience, the main areas where artificial intelligence is most helpful are identified. The most important type of artificial intelligence for the topic - machine learning - is discussed and characterised beforehand. The author's observations and insights found in the available literature on the subject are juxtaposed with the results of research conducted among practitioners - people working in digital marketing in Poland and around the world, presenting current trends and marketers' behaviour. The topic is also exemplified by a case study showing the possibilities of selected applications and artificial intelligence tools in content and digital marketing.
Bachillerato Técnico Productivo en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito- efectividad e impacto social
Authors: Criollo-Paladines Edgar Paul , García-Hevia Segress
Published: October 2024

En el periodo académico 2023-2024 en Ecuador, la tasa de cambio porcentual en referencia a la matricula en el Bachillerato Técnico Productivo reveló una disminución significativa del 55.21% en comparación con el periodo anterior. Este estudio analiza la situación del programa en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, desde su implementación en 2016 hasta la actualidad, con el objetivo de comprender las causas de la disminución de la matricula, la eficiencia del programa y su impacto social.
La investigación sigue un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo dentro del paradigma interpretativo, explorando las percepciones y experiencias de estudiantes, docentes y autoridades con respecto a la reducción de la matrícula en el programa. Para ello, se emplearon encuestas y entrevistas direccionadas hacia los objetivos planteados.
Los resultados revelaron una tendencia descendente en la participación estudiantil y, aunque los estudiantes valoran el programa por su utilidad para la inserción laboral, expresan preocupaciones sobre la calidad de la enseñanza y la infraestructura. Se identifica una brecha entre las competencias enseñadas y las exigencias del mercado laboral, lo que desalienta la continuidad de los estudiantes. La deserción se relaciona con la percepción de que el certificado obtenido es menos valioso en comparación con otros títulos educativos y con la falta de recursos en las instituciones.
Estos hallazgos sugieren la intervención inmediata de las autoridades educativas, enfocando los esfuerzos en estrategias a corto, mediano y largo plazo, que aseguren la sostenibilidad del programa. De no revertirse la tendencia de disminución en la matricula, el programa corre el riesgo de desaparecer
Calidad del servicio y satisfacción del usuario del Proyecto de Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil - Cantón Saquisilí
Authors: Musso-Pacheco José Luis , Romero-Poveda Angelita Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Este estudio analiza la relación entre la calidad del servicio y la satisfacción de los usuarios del proyecto de Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil de Saquisilí, utilizando el modelo ServQual. Se realizó una encuesta a 54 representantes de niños beneficiarios, adaptada de Inquilla & Vilca (2019), evaluando cinco dimensiones del servicio y la satisfacción. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,970, lo que indica una alta confiabilidad. Los resultados muestran que el 90% de los entrevistados percibe que el servicio cumple parcialmente sus promesas y el 88% destaca la efectividad en la gestión del tiempo. El análisis SEM revela vínculos significativos entre confiabilidad y capacidad de respuesta (0,795) a la vez entre confianza y empatía (0,773). En general, el 95% de los entrevistados expresaron satisfacción con el servicio recibido. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los factores de calidad del servicio son determinantes de la atención y la satisfacción del usuario, lo que resalta la importancia de mejorar continuamente estos aspectos en el programa.
Cultura ancestral y sitios emblemáticos Jama – Coaque como contribución al desarrollo local
Authors: Patrón-Álava Geomaira Aracely , Cuétara-Sánchez Leonardo Manuel , Plaza-Macías Nila
Published: October 2024

La Cultura Jama-Coque, con una rica tradición ancestral, ejerció una notable influencia en el desarrollo cultural de Manabí. Su legado se manifiesta en las costumbres, tradiciones y expresiones artísticas de las comunidades actuales, las cuales mantienen viva la memoria de esta civilización precolombina. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el papel de la cultura ancestral y los sitios emblemáticos Jama-Coaque en el desarrollo local de Jama. La metodología es de tipo cualitativo y se basa en la comprensión holística del fenómeno estudiado, incorpora la revisión documental y la realización de entrevistas estructuradas, basada en la formulación de un conjunto predefinido de preguntas a los entrevistados. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan la importancia de integrar la Cultura Jama-Coaque en iniciativas de desarrollo sostenible, promoviendo un turismo que resalte la riqueza cultural y arqueológica del territorio. Finalmente, se plantea el desarrollo de programas de sensibilización y el establecimiento de alianzas estratégicas para impulsar proyectos turísticos y culturales sostenibles como aporte al desarrollo local en Jama.
En busca de la Tutela Judicial Efectiva: el establecimiento de una Audiencia en la Segunda Instancia de los Procesos de Garantías jurisdiccionales en Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos-Ramos Paulina Mercedes , Martínez-Pérez Odette
Published: October 2024

La justicia constitucional se diferencia de la justicia ordinaria, debido a que la obligatoriedad de atender y resolver, directa y exclusivamente las garantías jurisdiccionales constitucionales
son atribución de la Justicia Constitucional, que existe como tal debido al resultado de la aplicación directa de las garantías jurisdiccionales constitucionales, reforzada por la existencia significativa de la observación de un sistema jurídico procesal, que considera el procedimiento constitucional para la administración de justicia constitucional.
En contexto, la tutela judicial efectiva considera principios constitucionales importantes como son: oralidad, publicidad e inmediación, por cuanto la Ley de Garantías Jurisdiccionales no establece en segunda instancia una audiencia oral y pública, por lo cual en el proceso no se establece audiencias, sino que se resuelve en cuanto a autos; la audiencia se concede únicamente cuando hay prueba nueva a criterio del juez; por lo cual es probable que no se tome en cuenta los fundamentos que se expusieron en la instancia anterior, lo cual viola el derecho a la defensa y se contrapone al art. 75 de la Constitución de la República.
En consecuencia, se debe considerar el establecimiento de una audiencia en la segunda instancia de los procesos de garantías jurisdiccionales en Ecuador.
The Experiences of and Attitudes Towards Continuing Professional Development: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of UK paramedics (EAT CPD).
Authors: Handyside Barry , Watson Karen
Published: October 2024

Background: Paramedics are allied health professionals, registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Part of this registration is the responsibility to conduct and record continuing professional development (CPD). A sample of UK paramedics have their CPD audited ever two years as part of their re-registration process. Compared to other allied health professionals very little is known about paramedics’ engagement with CPD.
Methods: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology was undertaken to understand the lived experiences of the participants attitudes towards and experiences of CPD. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews using a piloted topic guide took place with registered paramedics who worked in a variety of roles for several different healthcare employers. Interviews were professionally transcribed and analysed via thematic analysis related to IPA research.
Results: Seven interviews were conducted; one overarching domain of Paramedics experiences of and attitudes towards CPD was created from four themes shaped by a variety of subthemes. The four themes were: personal factors (attributed to areas of individual motivations to conduct CPD), professional accountability (factors relating to how CPD improves oneself and the profession), employer investment and support (how employers play their part in CPD facilitation), and Covid-19 (the impact Covid-19 had on CPD). Novel subthemes included CPD is a personal responsibility and Covid-19 factors.
Conclusions: Paramedics are faced with a plethora of factors that impact on how and why they engage with CPD. These combinations of factors are individual and personal to each paramedic. A more structured and integrated collaboration between paramedics, employers, regulators, and CPD providers could provide improved education on professional responsibilities and requirements whist also delivering focused CPD activities that have improved access for the paramedic profession.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR E IMPACTO NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PARTICIPANTES DE UM PROJETO DE COMPETIÇÃO SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Gutervil Kassiany Carvalho , Cesari Matheus José , Bortolot Durcelina Schiavoni , Zonta Franciele do Nascimento Santos , Teixeira Géssica Tuani
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular e o impacto na qualidade de vida em participantes de um projeto de competição saudável. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva, exploratória, longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, feita em um município do Sudoeste do Paraná, com participantes de um programa de competição denominado MovACE (2024). A amostra foi composta por 181 participantes adultos jovens de ambos os sexos, submetidos a avaliações pré e pós-competição no programa, incluindo dados de antropometria (peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e Índice de Massa Corporal), de variáveis demográficas, de pressão arterial de repouso e de qualidade de vida (por meio do WHOQOL-BREF). Para as análises comparativas dos dados obtidos de pré e pós-competição das diferentes variáveis, empregou-se o Teste t Student com nível de significância de P < 0,05. Após participação no programa MovACE houve redução em circunferência abdominal, Índice de Massa Corporal e peso, além de melhora na frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial dos participantes, bem como no número daqueles que se encontravam com risco cardiovascular segundo a circunferência abdominal; houve também melhora da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Houve melhora significativa quanto aos fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e na qualidade de vida dos participantes do projeto de competição saudável, evidenciando que a prática regular de exercícios físicos apresenta resultados positivos e pode ser um importante fator de proteção.
PERAN KOMUNIKASI SEORANG IBU DALAM KELUARGA PADA FILM NGERI-NGERI SEDAP
Authors: Saswita Amelia , Syafriani Desi
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap menceritakan tentang kerinduan Mak Domu dan Pak Domu terhadap anak-anak nya yang berada di rantau. Film ini berlatar belakang suku Batak dengan konflik komunikasi keluarga yang masih mengutamakan peran gender yang di atur secara jelas dalam rumah tangga yang mengakibatkan adanya ketimpangan sosial terhadap peran perempuan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori John Fiske. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap terdapat ketimpangan sosial terhadap peran Ibu dan Ayah, dimana dalam keluarga Batak peran Ayah dianggap sangat dominan sebagai penentu keputusan, Sedangkan Ibu harus dituntut untuk selalu menerima. Namun pada akhirnya peran komunikasi Ibu mampu mengalahkan ketimpangan yang terjadi pada keluarganya. Bentuk level yang terdapat dalam film dianalisis sesuai dengan semiotika Jhon Fiske yaitu level realitas yang dinilai dari segi penampilan, level representasi dari segi kode kamera, dan level ideologi yang ditemukan yaitu patriariki. Peran komunikasi Ibu yang terdapat dalam film ini yaitu informatif, persuasive dan coersif.
Perbandingan Specific Refining Energy pada Mesin Refiner Jenis Double Disk dengan Conical: Studi Kasus pada Pembuatan Kertas Tulis Cetak
Authors: Susantini Ni Njoman Manik , Pinasih Intan , Erwin Erwin , Hanifadinna Hanifadinna
Published: October 2024

Proses refining adalah bagian dari proses pembuatan kertas yang membutuhkan energi yang besar. Strategi yang digunakan adalah mengganti jenis mesin refiner dari Conical ke Double Disc Refiner (DDR) karena dari sisi energi, DDR memiliki energi yang lebih rendah. Pada konsisten di kisaran 4% Specific Edge Load (SEL) DDR adalah 1.4- 4 J/m sedangkan SEL conical adalah 0.9–6.0 J/m. Dengan latar tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan akan menguji energi yang digunakan pada pembuatan kertas HVS 80 gram. Konsistensi yang digunakan adalah di kisaran 4.4–4.6%. Sebagai parameter pendukung digunakan uji sifat fisik kertas HVS 80 gram yaitu bulk, tearing, tensile dan bursting. Pengukuran energi dan sifat fisik dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan 6 kali pengambilan per harinya. Untuk membandingkan dilakukan pada hari ke 10 hingga ke 26 karena ada kekosongan ketidaklengkapan data pada DDR pada hari ke 7-9 dan hari ke 27. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggantian jenis dari conical ke DDR berada di angka 1.52%. Sifat fisik kertas yang mengalami perubahan signifikan adalah porosity kertas yaitu sebesar 28.58%.
Stabilisasi Tanah Lunak Menggunakan Lumpur Bledug Kuwu dan Larutan Asam Fosfat Ditinjau Dari Nilai Kuat Tekan Bebas
Authors: Winarno Arief Budi , Syahril S.
Published: October 2024

Abstrak
Tanah lunak dengan daya dukung rendah merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam konstruksi yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan, seperti kerusakan jalan, kemiringan bangunan, dan runtuhnya jembatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak di Gedebage, Bandung, melalui metode stabilisasi tanah menggunakan lumpur Bledug Kuwu (LBK) dan larutan asam fosfat (LAF). Lumpur Bledug Kuwu dipilih karena kandungan kimianya yang serupa dengan fly ash dan abu vulkanik, terutama dalam hal kandungan SiO₂, Al₂O₃, dan Fe₂O₃. Larutan asam fosfat, meskipun jarang digunakan dalam dunia konstruksi, dipilih karena potensinya sebagai bahan stabilisasi tanah yang efektif. Metode penelitian melibatkan pengambilan sampel tanah asli dari Gedebage dan pengujian sifat fisis serta mekanis di Laboratorium Geoteknik Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran optimum 15% LBK dan 10% LAF mampu menurunkan nilai Plasticity Index (PI) tanah sebesar 73,91%, dari 46% menjadi 12%. Selain itu, nilai kuat tekan tanah (qu) meningkat sebesar 35% dibandingkan tanah asli, dengan nilai qu sebesar 1,02 kg/cm² dan kohesi (c) sebesar 0,51 kg/cm², menunjukkan peningkatan dalam kategori konsistensi tanah yang kaku. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi LBK dan LAF efektif dalam meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak, memberikan solusi inovatif untuk perbaikan tanah subgrade dan mendukung peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur di Indonesia.
Verifying the Consistency of the Digitized Indo-European Sound Law System Generating the Data of the 120 Most Archaic Languages from Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Pyysalo Jouna , Sahala Aleksi , Hulden Mans
Published: October 2024

Using state-of-the-art finite-state technology (FST) we automatically generate data of the some 120 most archaic Indo-European (IE) languages from reconstructed Proto-Indo-European (PIE) by means of digitized sound laws.
The accuracy rate of the automatic generation of the data exceeds 99%, which also applies in the generation of new data that were not observed when the rules representing the sound laws were originally compiled.
After testing and verifying the consistency of the sound law system with regard to the IE data and the PIE reconstruction, we report the following results:
a) The consistency of the digitized sound law system generating the data of the 120 most archaic Indo-European languages from Proto-Indo-European is verifiable.
b) The primary objective of Indo-European linguistics, a reconstruction theory of PIE in essence equivalent to the IE data (except for a limited set of open research problems), has been provably achieved.
The results are fully explicit, repeatable, and verifiable.
Sentimentator
Authors: Öhman Emily , Kajava Kaisla
Published: October 2024

We introduce Sentimentator; a publicly available gamified web-based annotation platform for fine-grained sentiment annotation at the sentence-level. Sentimentator is unique in that it moves beyond binary classification. We use a ten-dimensional model which allows for the annotation of 51 unique sentiments and emotions. The platform is gamified with a complex scoring system designed to reward users for high quality annotations. Sentimentator introduces several unique features that have previously not been available, or at best very limited, for sentiment annotation. In particular, it provides streamlined multi-dimensional annotation optimized for sentence-level annotation of movie subtitles. Because the platform is publicly available it will benefit anyone and everyone interested in fine-grained sentiment analysis and emotion detection, as well as annotation of other datasets.
Skin Tone Emoji and Sentiment on Twitter
Authors: Coats Steven
Published: October 2024

In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts. In this study, use of the skin tone emoji is analyzed geographically in a large sample of data from Twitter. It can be shown that values for the skin tone emoji by country correspond approximately to the skin tone of the resident populations, and that a negative correlation exists between tweet sentiment and darker skin tone at the global level. In an era of large-scale migrations and continued sensitivity to questions of skin color and race, understanding how new language elements such as skin tone emoji are used can help frame our understanding of how people represent themselves and others in terms of a salient personal appearance attribute.
Exploring the Quality of the Digital Historical Newspaper Archive KubHist
Authors: Adesam Yvonne , Dannélls Dana , Tahmasebi Nina
Published: October 2024

The KubHist Corpus is a massive corpus of Swedish historical newspapers, digitized by the Royal Swedish library, and available through the Språkbanken corpus infrastructure Korp. This paper contains a first overview of the KubHist corpus, exploring some of the difficulties with the data, such as OCR errors and spelling variation, and discussing possible paths for improving the quality and the searchability.
Creating vocabulary exercises through NLP
Authors: Agirrezabal Manex , Altuna Begoña , Gil-Vallejo Lara , Goikoetxea Josu , Gonzalez-Dios Itziar
Published: October 2024

The use of technologies in Humanities opens new research opportunities as it allows the access to vast amounts of data such as textual corpora. As, in the Digital Humanities domain, a considerable amount of the research is done on digitised corpora, Natural Language Processing tools can be of much help in their exploitation for they help extracting linguistic information. We present a series of experiments in which we propose text transformations to generate vocabulary learning exercises based on Natural Language Processing. We describe the corpus, databases and tools we have employed in our approach and we offer an overview of a multilingual language processing pipeline. Then we present the experiments and their output. We finally discuss the strengths and shortcomings of our approach.
Digitisation and Digital Library Presentation System
Authors: Pääkkönen Tuula , Kervinen Jukka , Kettunen Kimmo
Published: October 2024

The National Library of Finland (NLF) has done long-term work to digitise and make available our unique collections. The digitisation policy defines what is to be digitised, and it aims not only to target both rare and unique materials but also to create a large corpus of certain material types. However, as digitisation resources are scarce, the digitisation is planned annually, where prioritisation is done. This involves the library juggling the individual researcher needs with its own legal preservation and availability goals. The digital presentation system at digi.nationallibrary.fi plays a key role, since it enables fast operation by being next to the digitisation process, and it enables a streamlined flow of material via a digital chain from production and to the end users.
In this paper, we will describe our digitisation process and its cost-effective improvements, which have been recently applied at the NLF. In addition, we evaluate how we could improve and enrich our digital presentation system and its existing material by utilising results and experience from existing research efforts. We will also briefly examine the positive examples of other national libraries and identify universal features and local differences.
Digitization of the Collections at Ømålsordbogen – the Dictionary of Danish Insular Dialects
Authors: Hovmark Henrik , Gudiksen Asgerd
Published: October 2024

Ømålsordbogen (the Dictionary of Danish Insular Dialects, henceforth DID) is an historical dictionary giving thorough descriptions of the dialects, i.e. the spoken vernacular of peasants and fishermen, on the Danish isles Seeland, Funen and surrounding islands. It covers the period from 1750 to 1950, the core period being 1850 to 1920. Publishing began in 1992 and the latest volume (11, kurv-lindorm) appeared in 2013 but the project was initiated in 1909 and data collection dates back to the 1920s and 1930s. The project is currently undergoing an extensive process of digitization: old, outdated editing tools have been replaced with modern (database, xml, Unicode), and the old, printed volumes have been extracted to xml as well and are now searchable as a single xml file. Furthermore, the underlying physical data collections are being digitized.
Exploring Library Loan Data for Modelling the Reading Culture
Authors: Neovius Mats , Launis Kati , Nurmi Olli
Published: October 2024

Reading is evidently a part of the cultural heritage. With respect to nourishing this, Finland is exceptional in the sense that it has a unique library system, used regularly by 80% of the population. The Finnish library system is publicly funded and free-of-charge. On this, the consortium “LibDat: Towards a More Advanced Loaning and Reading Culture and its Information Service” (2017–2021, Academy of Finland) sets out to explore the loaning and reading culture and its information service to the end that this project’s results would help officials to elaborate upon Finnish public library services. The project, as well as the data-analysis, has just started, so the paper contains more hypotheses than final results. The project is part of the constantly growing field of Digital Humanities, and its most important scientific benefit is to show how large “born digital “ material, new computational methods and literary-sociological research questions can be integrated into the study of contemporary literary culture. The project’s collaborator, Vantaa City Library, has collected daily loan data since July 27, 2016. This loan data is objective, crisp, and big. In this position paper, the main contribution is a discussion on the limitations that the data poses and the literary questions that may be explored by computational means. For this, we describe the data structure of a loan event and outline the dimensions of how to interpret the data.
Challenges and perspectives on the use of open cultural heritage data across four different user types
Authors: Laursen Ditte , Roued-Cunliffe Henriette , Svenningsen Stig
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we analyse and discuss from a user perspective and from an organisational perspective the challenges and perspectives of the use of open cultural heritage data. We base our study on empirical evidence gathered through four cases where we have interacted with four different user groups: 1) researchers, 2) students, 3) app developers and 4) hackers. Our own role in these cases was to engage with these users as teachers, organizers and/or data providers. The cultural heritage data we provided were accessible as curated data sets or through API's. Our findings show that successful use of open heritage data is highly dependent on organisations' ability to calibrate and curate the data differently according to contexts and settings. More specifically, we show what different needs and motivations different user types have for using open cultural heritage data, and we discuss how this can be met by teachers, organizers and data providers.
Emerging Language Spaces Learned From Massively Multilingual Corpora
Authors: Tiedemann Jörg
Published: October 2024

Translations capture important information about languages that can be used as implicit supervision in learning linguistic properties and semantic representations. In an information-centric view, translated texts may be considered as semantic mirrors of the original text and the significant variations that we can observe across various languages can be used to disambiguate a given expression using the linguistic signal that is grounded in translation. Parallel corpora consisting of massive amounts of human translations with a large linguistic variation can be applied to increase abstractions and we propose the use of highly multilingual machine translation models to find language-independent meaning representations. Our initial experiments show that neural machine translation models can indeed learn in such a setup and we can show that the learning algorithm picks up information about the relation between languages in order to optimize transfer leaning with shared parameters. The model creates a continuous language space that represents relationships in terms of geometric distances, which we can visualize to illustrate how languages cluster according to language families and groups. Does this open the door for new ideas of data-driven language typology with promising models and techniques in empirical cross-linguistic research?
Geocoding, Publishing, and Using Historical Places and Old Maps in Linked Data Applications
Authors: Ikkala Esko , Hyvönen Eero , Tuominen Jouni
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a Linked Open Data brokering service prototype Hipla.fi for using and maintaining historical place gazetteers and maps based on distributed SPARQL endpoints. The service introduces several novelties: First, the service facilitates collaborative maintenance of geo-ontologies and maps in real time as a side effect of annotating contents in legacy cataloging systems. The idea is to support a collaborative ecosystem of curators that creates and maintains data about historical places and maps in a sustainable way. Second, in order to foster understanding of historical places, the places can be provided on both modern and historical maps, and with additional contextual Linked Data attached. Third, since data about historical places is typically maintained by different authorities and in different countries, the service can be used and extended in a federated fashion, by including new distributed SPARQL endpoints (or other web services with a suitable API) into the system.
An approach to unsupervised ontology term tagging of dependency-parsed text using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM)
Authors: Nyrkkö Seppo
Published: October 2024

I describe here a machine-learning estimation method for term tagging which can learn semantic disambiguation. The model is trained with a Semantic Web ontology, and a set of sample text documents with a set of concepts tagged, referring to the given ontology. The machine-learning method is based on creating numeric representations, or embeddings, which are based on dependency analysis of the syntactic environment of the word being analyzed. In contrast to many modern neural data-driven models, this model uses a less data-hungry unsupervised clustering method, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Based on the observations found with the experimental model, I suggest this can be utilized for populating ontologies with new concepts and terms, and for guessing the best matching ontology concepts for the found terms.
Digitizing the Icelandic-Danish Blöndal Dictionary
Authors: Steingrímsson Steinþór
Published: October 2024

The Icelandic-Danish dictionary, compiled by Sigfús Blöndal in the early 20th century is being digitized. It is the largest dictionary ever published in Icelandic, containing in total more than 150,000 entries. The digitization work started with a pilot project in 2016 resulting in a comprehensive plan on how to carry out the task. The paper describes the ongoing work, methods and tools applied as well as the aim of the project and rationale. We opted for using OCR and not double-keying, which has become common for similar projects. The entries are annotated with XML-entities, using a workbench built for the project. We apply automatic annotation for the most consistent entities, but other annotation is carried out manually. The data is then exported into a relational data-base, proofread and finally published. Publication date is set for spring 2020.
A Corpus of Regional American Language from YouTube
Authors: Coats Steven
Published: October 2024

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of corpora of regional language variation for English, allowing new types of aggregate analysis to be conducted. While the creation of a corpus from written language material is relatively straightforward, transcribing speech is time-consuming, and thus there are no large corpora of transcribed American speech with broad geographic coverage. This paper describes the creation of a new corpus of regional American English from the automatically generated captions of videos from YouTube channels with a local American focus – mainly channels of regional and local government entities or civic organizations. The corpus, which consists of transcripts of over 29,267 hours of spoken language, will enable the analysis of regional patterns of lexical, morphosyntactic, and other types of variation in spoken American English. Exploratory analysis and mapping of the corpus data indicates regional variation in spoken language is evident.
Towards fast browsing of found audio data
Authors: Fallgren Per , Malisz Zofia , Edlund Jens
Published: October 2024

Our aim is to rapidly explore prohibitively large audio collections by exploiting the insight that people are able to make fast judgments about lengthy recordings by listening to temporally disassembled audio (TDA) segments played simultaneously. We have previously shown the proof-of-concept; here we develop the method and corroborate its usefulness. We conduct an experiment with untrained human annotators, and show that they are able to place meaningful annotation on a completely unknown 8 hour corpus in a matter of minutes. The audio is temporally disassembled and spread out over a 2-dimensional map. Participants explore the resulting soundscape by hovering over different regions with a mouse. We used a collection of 11 State of the Union addresses given by 11 different US presidents, spread over half a century in time, as a corpus. The results confirm that (a) participants can distinguish between different regions and are able to describe the general contents of these regions; (b) the regions identified serve as labels describing the contents of the original audio collection; and (c) that the regions and labels can be used to segment the temporally reassembled audio into categories. We include an evaluation of the last step for completeness.
Distant reading Brazilian politics
Authors: Higuchi Suemi , Santos Diana , Freitas Cláudia , Rademaker Alexandre
Published: October 2024

In this paper we propose the use of digital humanities tools to ”read” and obtain aggregated information on Brazilian politics. After presenting briefly the resource and its annotation, we describe the kinds of searches already possible, our work for grounding human entities, and some results on family relationships among Brazilian politicians.
Integrating analog citations into an online dictionary
Authors: Johannsson Ellert Thor
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I discuss A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP) and the principles behind its extensive archive of citations and how this archive has evolved to its current state as a component of an online dictionary. First, I account for the workflow involved in the digitization and further processing of paper citation slips. Then I describe how the slips were integrated with the rest of the dictionary material in a database structure, which serves as basis for both the editing system and the publication of the online dictionary. Finally, I briefly mention latest developments and planned improvements of ONP Online.
Literary Studies Meet Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Laak Marin , Veskis Kaarel , Gerassimenko Olga , Kahusk Neeme , Vider Kadri
Published: October 2024

Digitalisation of cultural heritage in Estonia has been in progress during recent years, and we will see expansive mass digitalisation of printed books and handwritten documents in the very near future. This situation and potential actualises questions of the usage of the literary heritage. In our paper, we consider benefits for digital literary research that arise from representing a literary text collection as an annotated language resource. We discuss the pilot project of creating a text corpus based on private letters between two Estonian avantgarde writers in the beginning of the 20th century. The advantages and possibilities of corpus query system KORP that we have chosen for representing and searching literary heritage DH corpora as a language resource are described. Challenges that the application of Natural Language Processing and Text and Data Mining imposes on the preparation and representation of texts are discussed along with benefits for the research.
Automated Compositional Change Detection in Saxo Grammaticus’ Gesta Danorum
Authors: Nielbo Kristoffer L. , Perner Mads L. , Larsen Christian , Nielsen Jonas , Laursen Ditte
Published: October 2024

Saxo Grammaticus’ medieval source Gesta Danorum (“Deeds of the Danes”) represents the beginning of the modern historical research in Denmark. The bipartite composition of Gesta Danorum has however been subject to much academic debate. In particular the nature and location of a transition between early Pre-Christian and late Christian content have given rise to two competing accounts. In this paper, we argue that the debate can be represented as a problem of intratextual dynamics and we combine models from Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing with techniques for time series analysis in order to reevaluate the debate. Results indicate that the transition is gradual, starting in book eight and ending in book ten, but that a point-like interpretation is possible in book nine. We argue that the approach exemplifies scalable “automated close reading”, which has multiple applications in text-based historical research.
The internationalization of Sjöwall and Wahlöö
Authors: Olaru Ovio
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to illustrate the pattern of internationalization of Scandinavian Noir, the popular trend that succeeded in permeating popular culture in recent years. In doing this, we have chosen as starting point the now famous Swedish crime fiction duo Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö. This paper attempts, on the one hand, to demonstrate that their popularity is not merely a matter of critical consensus, but that it can be backed up by empirical data, and on the other hand, that the recent revival of Scandinavian crime fiction pays homage to the two and acknowledges their contribution by critically reassessing them and retranslating them to other languages. The present quantitative research aims at showing that their internationalization also points to a shift in European cultural trends the likes of which has been noted by Pascale Casanova in her World Republic of Letters, but not empirically demonstrated.
Reconstructing historical rural addresses with VGI and digitized aerial photography
Authors: Linnet Perner Mads , Svenningsen Stig
Published: October 2024

This paper describes an attempt to develop a historical GIS of farms with metadata from digitized aerial photography. With the current effort of mass digitization, wide ranges of new data sources are becoming available to historical scholars. However, for these digital sources to be included in new scholarship, a prerequisite is the research infrastructure necessary to process them. Our project has examined how metadata on digitized aerial photography, generated by volunteers in the Royal Danish Library’s crowdsourcing effort, might provide a short cut to historical GIS infrastructure, which would otherwise require significant resources to build. As part of the digitization of thousands of aerial photographs of rural properties, the library had the help of volunteers to geolocate each photograph. As each photograph often represented a single property, the data points and their metadata are representative of a certain address. This paper outlines the steps we took to develop the raw material into a dataset containing locations of historical rural addresses. Based on a pilot study of a limited area, we discuss the quality and accuracy of the data resulting from our approach. We found that the overall quality of data extracted is acceptable compared with the traditional approach of manually plotting in farm-localities by hand.
Political Stance Analysis Using Swedish Parliamentary Data
Authors: Rouces Jacobo , Borin Lars , Tahmasebi Nina
Published: October 2024

We process and visualize Swedish parliamentary data using methods from statistics and machine learning, which allows us to obtain insight into the political processes behind the data. We produce plots that let us infer the relative stance of political parties and their members on different topics. In addition, we can infer the degree of homogeneity of individual votes within different parties, as well as the degree of multi-dimensionality of Swedish politics.
The Long-Term Reuse of Text in the Finnish Press, 1771–1920
Authors: Salmi Hannu , Rantala Heli , Vesanto Aleksi , Ginter Filip
Published: October 2024

This paper is based on the study of text reuse in the Finnish press from 1771–1920. In the Computational History and the Transformation of Public Discourse in Finland (COMHIS) project, we found 61 million occurrences of similarity, which formed 13.8 million clusters of reuse. This material also included strikingly slow processes of repetition, and the longest reuse cases were almost as long as the time span of the project. In sum, 2.03 million clusters, 15 per cent of the total amount, were longer than 12 months. As well, 76,259 clusters spanned over 20 years or more. The longest span was 146 years. The paper explores the volume and nature of this long-term text reuse in the Finnish press and analyses three distinctive features of slow repetition: newspapers as a site of memory, newspapers as an archive and the political ramifications of reuse. The paper argues that the habit of reprinting old texts aimed to bridge the gap between past and present, emphasising the continuity between old and new. On the other hand, there were cases where past texts were activated precisely for the opposite purposes, to obscure the past and to show how different the bygone world was.
Toward Multimodal Sentiment Analysis of Historic Plays
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Burghardt Manuel , Wolff Christian
Published: October 2024

We present a case study as part of a work-in-progress project about multimodal sentiment analysis on historic German plays, taking Emilia Galotti by G. E. Lessing as our initial use case. We analyze the textual version and an audio version (audio book). We focus on ready-to-use sentiment analysis methods: For the textual component, we implement a naive lexicon-based approach and another approach that enhances the lexicon by means of several NLP methods. For the audio analysis, we use the free version of the Vokaturi tool. We compare the results of all approaches and evaluate them against the annotations of a human expert, which serves as a gold standard. For our use case, we can show that audio and text sentiment analysis behave very differently: textual sentiment analysis tends to predict sentiment as rather negative and audio sentiment as rather positive. Compared to the gold standard, the textual sentiment analysis achieves accuracies of 56% while the accuracy for audio sentiment analysis is only 32%. We discuss possible reasons for these mediocre results and give an outlook on further steps we want to pursue in the context of multimodal sentiment
analysis on historic plays.
Moving Forward with Digital Scientific Images
Authors: Sköld Olle , Kjellman Ulrika , Orrghen Anna , Beckman Jenny
Published: October 2024

Scientific images are important and complex objects of study in the field of digital humanities for two principal reasons. Firstly, scientific images are ey components in the making and communication of science in the present day and constitute central source materials in scholarly projects seeking to elucidate the historical practices of research and the development of scientific disciplines. Secondly, the archives, libraries, and museums (ALM) sector invest significant resources into the digitization and mediation of scientific images and it is a crucial success factor for both ALM institutions and future research initiatives that the premises and consequences of such efforts are thoroughly explored. This paper seeks to map which avenues of study and work that are crucial to pursue if available modes of curation, access, search, and analysis in digital collections of scientific images are to be meaningfully improved. The paper is based on a literature review and an overview of the current state of digitization work, digital collections, and digital infrastructures for storage and mediation at Uppsala University Libraries. Methodologically the paper makes use of action research and an adaptable, pragmatic, and ’exploratory’ approach to academic research. The study identifies five themes of study and work that, if competently pursued, promise to push the boundaries of what is known about scientific images forward in many areas of the digitization spectrum both in terms of best practices and theoretical understandings. The themes are: (1) method and infrastructure focus; (2) method focus; (3) digitization work focus; (4) epistemic and research-practice focus; (5) epistemic, methodological, and historiographical focus.