bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of wind speed and wind direction on crop yield forecasting using dynamic time warping and an ensembled learning model
Authors: Bediako-Kyeremeh Bright , Ma TingHuai , Rong Huan , Osibo Benjamin Kwapong , Mamelona Lorenzo , Nti Isaac Kofi , Amoah Lord
Published: June 2024

The cultivation of cashew crops carries numerous economic advantages, and countries worldwide that produce this crop face a high demand. The effects of wind speed and wind direction on crop yield prediction using proficient deep learning algorithms are less emphasized or researched. We propose a combination of advanced deep learning techniques, specifically focusing on long short-term memory (LSTM) and random forest models. We intend to enhance this ensemble model using dynamic time warping (DTW) to assess the spatiotemporal data (wind speed and wind direction) similarities within Jaman North, Jaman South, and Wenchi with their respective production yield. In the Bono region of Ghana, these three areas are crucial for cashew production. The LSTM-DTW-RF model with wind speed and wind direction achieved an R2 score of 0.847 and the LSTM-RF model without these two key features R2 score of (0.74). Both models were evaluated using the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, which is commonly used in time series analysis to assess stationarity, where the LSTM-DTW-RF achieved a 90% level of confidence, while LSTM-RF attained an 87.99% level. Among the three municipalities, Jaman South had the highest evaluation scores for the model, with an RMSE of 0.883, an R2 of 0.835, and an MBE of 0.212 when comparing actual and predicted values for Wenchi. In terms of the annual average wind direction, Jaman North recorded (270.5 SW°), Jaman South recorded (274.8 SW°), and Wenchi recorded (272.6 SW°). The DTW similarity distance for the annual average wind speed across these regions fell within specific ranges: Jaman North (±25.72), Jaman South (±25.89), and Wenchi (±26.04). Following the DTW similarity evaluation, Jaman North demonstrated superior performance in wind speed, while Wenchi excelled in wind direction. This underscores the potential efficiency of DTW when incorporated into the analysis of environmental factors affecting crop yields, given its invariant nature. The results obtained can guide further exploration of DTW variations in combination with other machine learning models to predict higher cashew yields. Additionally, these findings emphasize the significance of wind speed and direction in vertical farming, contributing to informed decisions for sustainable agricultural growth and development.
Normative Data of Maximal Respiratory Pressures in Adult Population of the Himalayan Region: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khanduri Rakhee , Negi Aashish , Bala Kanchan , Jethani Varuna , Khanduri Sushant
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Measurement of Maximal Static Respiratory Pressures (MSRP) is a non invasive tool to determine global respiratory muscle strength. The unique lifestyle factors in the Himalayan region, prompted the need for establishing normative values. Aim: To establish the typical maximum respiratory pressures in the Himalayan region and, secondarily, to develop a predictive equation based on the normative data collected. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 101 non smokers (78 males, 23 females) aged from 19-70 years were selected after initial screening by a questionnaire and spirometry from the attendants of patients attending Himalayan Hospital from July 2000 to May 2022. Sustained Nasal Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP), Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) values were measured using Micro Respiratory Pressure Meter (RPM) following the American Thoracic Society Technical Statement (ATS) standard protocol. The prediction model for the Maximal Respiratory Pressure (MRP) was obtained using regression analysis. Height, age, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were included as variables in the calculations. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program for Windows (Version 22.0). Results: There was a statistically significant difference observed in MIP among males 91.77±29.41 cmH2 O and females 65.26±19.55 cmH2 O and in MEP among males 86.37±26.96 cmH2 O and females 56.04±18.29 cmH2 O. Both MIP and MEP averages were more in males than in females. In the present study, there was no significant relationship between height, weight, BMI, and respiratory pressure in females. There was no significant relationship between MIP and MEP plus height, age, weight, or BMI. Weight (r-value=0.24), age (r-value=0.27), and BMI (r-value=0.27) all had a significant association in men. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there are gender-based disparities in MRP in the Himalayan population, with males exhibiting higher average values than females. Additionally, while there was no significant correlation between anthropometric factors and respiratory pressures in females, in males, weight, age, and BMI showed significant associations with these respiratory parameters.
Survey of Hospitalizations due to Leishmaniasis in Adults during the Pre and Post COVID-19 Pandemic Periods in Feira de Santana, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Beatriz Carneiro de , Silva Lívia Gabrielly Cruz da , Vasconcellos Neto João Ronaldo Tavares de
Published: June 2024

Aims: Neglected tropical diseases, such as Visceral Leishmaniasis, affect over 1 billion people in tropical and subtropical regions, with Leishmaniasis being endemic in various parts of the world and causing up to 1 million new cases annually. It is crucial to investigate the decline in hospitalization cases in Feira de Santana and its possible linkage with the COVID-19 pandemic and local socioeconomic factors.
Study Design:  An exploratory-descriptive bibliographic study with a qualitative approach.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Health, Higher Education Unit of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana (Bahia), during the first semester of 2024.
Methodology: The bibliographic survey was conducted through searches of scientific productions on the proposed theme, from 2018 to 2024. Searches were performed using keywords in Portuguese and English with the Boolean operator "AND". In addition to literature review, the collection of secondary data was conducted by the Department of Health Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS).
Results: The complex interaction among socioeconomic, environmental, and public health factors, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impacts the dissemination, underreporting, and control of leishmaniasis, highlighting the urgent need for integrated approaches and strengthening of health systems to effectively address this neglected disease.
Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the main causes may include reductions or delays in notifications, which can lead to difficulties in differentiating diseases with similar clinical presentations and even coinfections.
Combined Impact of Phosphorus Solubilizng Bacteria and Single Super Phosphate on Soil Nutrient Availability in Sunflower and Chickpea
Authors: Mudigiri Chandana , Qureshi A. Aziz , Sharma S. Harish Kumar , Triveni S.
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses and method of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application and the phosphorus levels on sunflower and chickpea during Rabi, 2020 at College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, comprising eleven treatments with three replications. Initial soil parameters of experimental site indicated that the soil belongs to sandy loam texture, with alkaline in soil reaction, non-saline, low in organic carbon (OC), low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, available potassium and available sulphur. The results indicated that there was an increase in soil fertility status viz., organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur with the combined application of the Phosphorus Solubilizng Bacteria (PSB) and Phosphorus (P) fertilizers over the single application of the P levels. Within the PSB application significant results were obtained with the Soil application compared to the drenching.
Syntheses and X-ray Structure of N-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-chlorobenzamide
Authors: Sow Salif , Odame Felix , Diouf Ngoné , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadj , Diouf Ousmane , Ellena Javier , R. Tshentu Zenixole , Gaye Mohamed
Published: June 2024

The reaction of 3-chloro-benzoyl chloride and 2-aminobenzothiazole in the presence of potassium thiocyanate yielded a yellowish solid C15H10ClN3OS2 (1). Reaction of 1 with cobalt chloride yield a yellowish solid C14H11ClN2O2S (2) which gives crystal suitable for X-ray analyses. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses FTIR spectroscopy and melting point measurement. Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with the following parameters: a = 7.0299(2) Å b = 7.0466(2) Å c = 14.5490(2) Å a = 103.844(3)° β = 92.929(2)° g = 107.291(3) V = 662.33(4) Å3 Z= 2 R1 = 0.030 wR2 = 0.034. The asymmetric unit of (2) consists of one molecule in which the 3-chloro phenyl moiety and the benzothiazole-2-yl moiety form a dihedral angle of 6.417(4)°. An intramolecular O—H···O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal O—H···N and N—H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules forming layers parallel to the ac plane.
Phosphorescence, Fluorescence, and Chemiluminescence in Clinical ChemistryUpdate based on original article by Joanna M. Schulman and Stephen G. Schulman, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Authors: Albani Jihad‐René
Published: December 2011

Several modern aspects of luminescence spectroscopy are considered, especially as they pertain to clinical analysis of endogenous substances and of drugs and their metabolites. Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies and chemiluminescence methods are compared. For this purpose, application of different dyes is described.
Molecular Modeling in Peptide and Protein Analysis
Authors: Kuczera Krzysztof
Published: December 2011

This article describes the theoretical background and practical applications of classical molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD). Following a brief historical outline of molecular modeling, the concept of the molecular potential energy function is introduced and the basic algorithms of MM, namely, energy minimization, normal mode analysis, MD, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, are defined. The advantages of molecular modeling methods — speed of calculations and detailed microscopic insight — are described. The shortcomings — approximate nature and difficulties with conformational sampling — are also analyzed. A number of modern approaches aimed at improving the reliability of computer simulations are briefly presented, including advanced energy optimization methods, treatment of long‐range forces, and accelerated conformational exploration. Examples of applications of molecular modeling methods to the study of various aspects of the structure, dynamics, and function of peptides and proteins are presented. A brief exposition of the relationship between molecular modeling and some fundamental experimental techniques, such as X‐ray crystallography, neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and fluorescence and vibrational spectroscopies, is provided. Finally, an outline of future directions of modeling studies is suggested.
Frontiers in
DNA
Sequencing: the (
R
)Evolution of Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Horn‐Saban Shirley , Amann‐Zalcenstein Daniela
Published: December 2011

Over the past 30 years, DNA sequencing evolved from a work‐intensive, low‐throughput, and high‐cost endeavor into an affordable, automated and high‐throughput technique for biological research. Currently, we are experiencing the advent of DNA sequencing technology platforms based not only on the long‐time prevailing biological techniques, but also on multidisciplinary approaches. While current second‐generation technologies rely on massively parallel sequencing of clonally amplified DNA molecules, third‐generation technologies are based on single‐molecule sequencing. A major motivation for the development of new technologies is meeting the challenge to provide sequencing of an entire human genome for less than US$1000; and what seemed almost impossible a decade ago now seems to have become reality. In this review, we give an overview of the currently available sequencing platforms, as well as a preview of promising new technologies that may enter the market in the near future. We discuss the most common biological applications and how high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) has changed and will change the understanding of biological systems.
Time‐of‐Flight and Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identifying Unknown Contaminants and Degradation Products in the Environment
Authors: Hernández Félix , Sancho Juan Vicente , Ibáñez María , Portolés Tania
Published: December 2011

Modern analytical methodologies to face with large number of organic contaminants with quite different physicochemical characteristics are required in environmental analysis, where an increasing number of potentially hazardous compounds may be present in samples. Conventional target analysis does not provide a complete overview of the organic pollution pattern, even when focused on priority pollutants, and the need arises for developing analytical methodology able to detecting and identifying as many contaminants as possible in a sample. Wide‐scope target screening (i.e. searching for thousands of contaminants) is one of the most attractive approaches in this field, but searching for nontarget (unknown) compounds is also required as a complementary tool. A true nontarget approach does not use any previous information on the compounds to be searched; it involves at a first‐stage automated peak detection and MS spectra deconvolution of the component detected. Nontarget environmental analysis in many cases pursues the searching of degradation products, as the knowledge on their presence and effects in the environment is still limited.

TOF MS is an efficient technique to perform both challenging tasks. It provides full‐spectrum acquisition data at accurate mass, which are highly useful for identification and elucidation purposes. TOF MS can be coupled to both LC and GC, widening the coverage of compounds to be investigated. In addition, as full‐spectrum accurate‐mass data remain available after sample injection, a retrospective analysis to investigate the presence of other compounds without the need of new analysis is feasible. This chapter deals with the application of GC TOF MS and LC (Q)TOF MS for screening and identification/elucidation of organic contaminants and degradation products in environmental samples, mainly in water. Illustrative examples are shown from wide‐scope target screening to nontarget analysis.
Space Debris Impact Protection
Authors: Stokes Hedley
Published: December 2011

Protection against impacts from space debris and meteoroids is now routine in the design of manned spacecraft, and is becoming increasingly so for unmanned spacecraft. Commonly considered solutions for improving protection include: the addition of multibumper shields; the modification of sandwich panels; the enhancement of multilayer insulation; and the use of toughened/laminated glass. A brief summary of each of these concepts is provided. Layers of high‐strength, lightweight materials, such as Nextel™ and Kevlar™, are observed to be particularly effective forms of shielding. The ability of a spacecraft wall or shield to prevent debris penetration is usually characterized by a ballistic limit equation. A parametric form of the equation is given for both a single wall and a multiple wall. Such equations are an important element of an impact risk analysis, providing a means to determine the probability of no failure of a spacecraft. This measure of risk enables a designer to quantify the adequacy of a given protection strategy for a spacecraft. The risk analysis computation is explained and a risk assessment procedure is given. Finally, some general guidelines for enhancing spacecraft debris protection are listed.
Quantal Analysis of Endplate Potentials in Mouse Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle
Authors: Ribchester Richard R.
Published: December 2011

The isolated flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle from mice is extremely well suited to rapid acquisition of data and analysis of neurotransmitter release and action at neuromuscular junctions, because the muscle and its tibial nerve supply are simple to dissect and its constituent muscle fibers are short (<1 mm) and isopotential along their length. Methods are described here for dissection of FDB, stimulation of the tibial nerve, microelectrode recording from individual muscle fibers, and quantal analysis of endplate potentials (EPPs) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 1:429‐444 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensor network design for complex systems
Authors: Chamseddine A. , Noura H.
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a strategy to design a minimal and fault‐tolerant sensor network for observability of complex systems. Complex systems are large‐scale dynamic systems composed of interconnected subsystems. The objective is to determine the sensors to be used so that the system is observable while minimizing the number of sensors. The strategy is based on breaking down complex systems into interconnected subsystems. System breakdown helps in treating each subsystem separately and allows using reduced‐order observers rather than a large‐scale observer for the overall system. An academic example is given to illustrate the proposed strategy.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions of Fibroblasts with Different Morphologies Made of an Engineered Spider Silk Protein
Authors: Leal‐Egaña Aldo , Lang Gregor , Mauerer Carolin , Wickinghoff Jasmin , Weber Michael , Geimer Stefan , Scheibel Thomas
Published: December 2011

Spider silk has been investigated for decades due to the intriguing mechanical and also biomedical properties of the silk fibers. Previously, it has been shown that recombinant silk proteins can also be processed into other morphologies. Here, we characterized scaffolds made of the recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16) concerning their surface interactions with fibroblasts. Studies of BALB/3T3 cells on hydrogels and films made of eADF4(C16) showed low cell adhesion without observable duplication. Electro‐spun non‐woven scaffolds made of eADF4(C16), however, enabled both their adhesion and proliferation. Since eADF4(C16) lacks specific motifs for cell attachment, fibroblasts cannot generate focal adhesions with the material's surface, and, therefore, other cell–interface interactions such as topographical anchorage or cell attachment mediated by adhesion of extracellular matrix proteins are discussed in this paper. On non‐woven meshes protrusion of filopodia and/or lamellipodia between individual fibers increase the surface contact area, which depends on the diameter of the fibers of the non‐woven meshes. In contrast, at flat (film) or microstructured surfaces (hydrogels) such interactions seem to be precluded.
Effects of maintaining temperature and time on properties and structures of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Authors: Jia Xu , Zhang Yuejun
Published: December 2011

Effects of maintaining temperature (T3) and time (t) on properties and structures of product poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) are researched in this article. The results showed that higher the T3 shorter the time t needed for polymer products' intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and monomer conversion (Conv.) to reach their maximum values. The maximum [η] was 4.69 dL g−1 and corresponding Conv. was 100.00%, when t = 96 h and T3 = 55°C. The reaction phenomena and products' FTIR and NMR spectra indicated the possible reasons for the increase of [η], the formation of branched and crosslinked products after the conversion was more than 100.00% in T3 term were the results of polymerization happened among the residual monomers, hanging and terminal double bonds. Compared with solubility of products, it was found that the time needed for dissolving the linear, branched, and crosslinked PDMDAAC products increased in turn, whereas their dissolved amount decreased reversely. The linear product's Mw, Mw/Mn, and Rg measured by GPC‐MALLS were 4.169 × 106, 5.109, and 127.7 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the linear and crosslinked products were characterized by DTA‐TG. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Compatibilization of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene blends: Effect of compatibilization on blend toughness, dispersion of minor phase, and thermal stability
Authors: Inoya Hiroyuki , Wei Leong Yew , Klinklai Warunee , Takai Yoshihiro , Hamada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2011

Blending of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) from waste bottles with polypropylene (PP) was performed in an attempt to enhance the processability of RPET. The idea of blending RPET with PP sprouted from the intention of recycling PET bottles together with their PP‐based caps. Therefore, preliminary blending of RPET with neat PP (RPET/PP) was performed at various PP and compatibilizer contents. Morphological analyses on the extruded pellets of uncompatibilized blends indicate that the PP particle size and state of dispersion at skin and core regions were vastly different. The particles at the skin were at least 10 times smaller than that at the core although the size distribution was very wide. With the incorporation of just 5 phr of compatibilizer, the particles at the core region became significantly smaller and appeared to emulate that of the skin region. Furthermore, the overall homogeneity of the blends was vastly improved irrespective of PP content in the blend. The reduction in particle size and improved homogeneity inherently reduced stress concentration points and enhanced the mechanical performance of the blends. More importantly, the incorporation of PP into RPET significantly increased the degradation temperature of the blends, provided the dispersion of PP phase in RPET was excellent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evaluation of aging behavior of medium density polyethylene in natural environment by principal component analysis
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Xiaogang , Gao Jin
Published: December 2011

To evaluate the aging behavior of medium density polyethylene (MDPE) under aggressive environment, principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to establish a nondimensional expression Z from a data set of multiple properties of MDPE. Natural exposure tests of MDPE were carried out for one year with different test periods at Xisha islands in China. Surface properties and mechanical properties of MDPE were measured. It was found that Z increased stepwise with exposure time extending. Combined with the climatic data in Xisha islands, the shielding effect of the oxidation products generated by the degradation process or the reactivating effect resulting from changes of weather conditions were alternatively executed as the determinant factor to affect the change tendency of Z. In a word, Z can be used to reveal the comprehensive degradation pattern of MDPE in natural environments in a reasonable way. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermal, mechanical, and thermo‐mechanical properties of thermosets produced using low Mw functionalized polyolefins and polyamines
Authors: Hameed Tayyab , Potter David K. , Takacs Elizabeth
Published: December 2011

Thermosets obtained by reacting highly functionalized maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene and a polyetherdiamine at several NH2/MA molar ratios were characterized for their gel content, thermal, mechanical, and thermo‐mechanical behavior. Gel content varied with composition and a maximum (57%) observed when NH2/MA molar ratio was 1.5. Two melting transitions were observed for thermosets, representing the semicrystalline polyethylene fraction in the gel and sol part of the material in contrast to a single transition for the starting polyethylene. Overall crosslinking suppressed the crystallinity of the polyethylene in the thermoset. A single Tg observed in the DMA analysis suggested phase mixing between the polyethylene and polyether chains. A shift in the Tg observed was related to the degree of crosslinking in the thermosets. Tensile properties of the thermosets were observed to be a strong function of composition and the degree of crosslinking and the optimum mechanical performance was shown by thermosets when NH2/MA molar ratio was 1.5 and 2.0. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Integration of Reverse‐Osmosis Unit Operations in Biotechnology Process Design
Authors: Grote F. , Fröhlich H. , Strube J.
Published: December 2011

The stepwise process design approach, proposed in a previous study, to generally model membrane unit operations in combination with experimental model parameter determination is transferred to a reverse‐osmosis unit. In order to predict the purification a priori by simulations, the changes of the rigorous ultrafiltration model to gain a rigorous reverse‐osmosis model are described. The modular process model, combining the most limiting factors within one mathematical model, is transmitted to reverse osmosis and various filtrations are carried out. Together with the new standard laboratory equipment, practicability of the proposed buildup is proven in order to design and integrate reverse‐osmosis membranes into biotechnology processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystals of the Layered Copper Hydroxide Acetate Cu2(OH)3(CH3COO)·H2O.
Authors: Svarcova S. , Klementova M. , Bezdicka P. , Lasocha W. , Dusek M. , Hradil D.
Published: December 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from an aqueous solutions of Cu(OAc)2 (60 °C, 30 h) and the crystal structure is determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Low‐Valent Bismuth Sulfide Bromide Cu3Bi2S3Br2.
Authors: Heerwig Andreas , Ruck Michael
Published: December 2011

Black needle‐shaped crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of Cu, Bi2S3, and CuBr (evacuated silica tube,1120 K; tempering at 570 K for two weeks; quenching).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Diastereoselection in the Hydrogenation of Heterocycloalkyl Ketones.
Authors: Akashi Masaya , Arai Noriyoshi , Inoue Tsutomu , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: December 2011

The ruthenium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of ketones affords the corresponding alcohols with high diastereoselectivity (≥ 98% d.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Mild and Effective Synthesis of β‐Enaminones (III) at Room Temperature.
Authors: Datta Bandita , Reddy M. B. Madhusudana , Pasha M. A.
Published: December 2011

13 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Monodentate Oxaphospholane Ligands: Utility in Highly Efficient and Enantioselective 1,4‐Diboration of 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Schuster Christopher H. , Li Bo , Morken James P.
Published: December 2011

Novel oxaphospholane ligands are prepared and shown to offer high enantioselectivities in catalytic diboration reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective α Alkylation of Aldehydes with 1,3‐Benzodithiolylium Tetrafluoroborate: A Formal Organocatalytic α Alkylation of Aldehydes by the Carbenium Ion.
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Emer Enrico , Capdevila Montse Guiteras , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: December 2011

The first organocatalytic stereoselective α‐addition of a formyl group to aldehydes (I) or (X) is described to give the alcohols (III) or (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Trifluoromethyl‐Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers by Intramolecular Decarboxylative Allylation of α‐Trifluoromethyl β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Suzuki Satoru , Furukawa Tatsuya , Kawai Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Yuan Zhe , Cahard Dominique
Published: December 2011

The cyclic α‐trifluoromethyl‐α‐quaternary ketones are not easily accessible via enolate alkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Amorphous Carbon—Silica Composites Bearing Sulfonic Acid as Solid Acid Catalysts for the Chemoselective Protection of Aldehydes as 1,1‐Diacetates and for N‐, O‐ and S‐Acylations.
Authors: Gupta Princy , Paul Satya
Published: December 2011

In the title reaction a highly active, selective, stable and recyclable catalyst is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Multialkylated Olefins Through Carbozirconation of Alkynylboronates and Sequential Negishi and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Nishihara Yasushi , Okada Yoshiaki , Jiao Jiao , Suetsugu Masato , Lan Ming‐Tzu , Kinoshita Megumi , Iwasaki Masayuki , Takagi Kentaro
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of a variety of tri‐ and tetra‐alkylated olefins in a stereocontrolled way is presented, involving the regioselective generation of zirconated intermediates from boronated alkynes (I) and (XIII) followed by Negishi or Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Iminium Ion/Carbene Reaction Cascade for the Formation of Optically Active 2,4‐Disubstituted Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Jacobsen Christian Borch , Jensen Kim L. , Udmark Jonas , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: December 2011

The cyclopentenones can be converted into chiral tetrasubstituted cyclopentanes like (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II) Chloride Catalyzed Alkylation of Propargyl Ethers: Direct Functionalization of an sp3 C—H Bond Adjacent to Oxygen.
Authors: Xie Yongju , Yu Ming , Zhang Yuhong
Published: December 2011

In a search for optimized conditions concerning the title process, it is observed that substrates (I) alone are converted to ynones (IV) and (V) in the presence of FeCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Mediated Amination of Grignard Reagents Using Primary and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Barker Timothy J. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of a broad spectrum of aniline derivatives including drug analogues provides a mild and convenient complementary method to SNAr reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Mg Insertion into Substituted Mono‐ and Dichloro Arenes in the Presence of LiCl: A New Preparation of Boscalid.
Authors: Dunst Cora , Knochel Paul
Published: December 2011

Grignard reagents are generated in a regioselective manner from aryl chlorides bearing up to three chloro substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric, Bromine‐Induced Semipinacol Rearrangements at Unactivated Double Bonds.
Authors: Mueller Christian H. , Wilking Michael , Ruehlmann Ansgar , Wibbeling Birgit , Hennecke Ulrich
Published: December 2011

Cyclic allylic alcohols rearrange to chiral ketones under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Oxazolines as Easily Accessible Water Stable Ligands for Palladium Catalyzed Aqueous Heck Reaction.
Authors: Saiyed Akeel S. , Joshi Reshma S. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of a variety of amino‐oxazoline and bis‐oxazoline ligands and their use in the Mizoroki—Heck reaction are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynes. Part 11. Nickel‐Catalyzed Tetramerization of Alkynes: Synthesis and Structure of Octatetraenes.
Authors: Wu Tsun‐Cheng , Chen Jheng‐Jhih , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: December 2011

In the presence of Zn/ NiBr2(dppe) a number of arylacetylenes undergo convenient tetramerization to afford linear octatetraenes like (II) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 7,8‐Dimethoxy‐2‐tetralone.
Authors: Cabrera Elvia V. , Sanchez Jennifer L. , Banerjee Ajoy K.
Published: December 2011

A concise route for the synthesis of the title compound (VI), a useful intermediate in the preparation of analgesics, morphines and steroids, starting from commercially available tetralone (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Sulfoximines: Synthesis and Properties of Vioxx® Analogues.
Authors: Park Seong Jun , Buschmann Helmut , Bolm Carsten
Published: December 2011

Sulfoximines (VIII) and (X) are prepared by combining the original strategy for the synthesis of Vioxx® with the chemistry developed by the authors.
ChemInform Abstract: General Procedure for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic 3‐Hydroxy‐ and 3‐Oxotetrahydrofurans Containing Carbo‐ and Heterocyclic Fragments.
Authors: Moskalenko A. I. , Belopukhov S. L. , Ivlev A. A. , Boev V. I.
Published: December 2011

An optimal and general method, which also tolerates a Boc‐protecting group, for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tertiary Amine Catalyzed Chemoselective and Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates of Isatins with Propargyl Sulfones.
Authors: Peng Jing , Huang Xin , Jiang Lin , Cui Hai‐Lei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: December 2011

In addition to propargyl sulfones, some activated olefins can also be used for the generation of spirocyclic oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid‐Based Phosphoramide Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Unprotected 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Ding Miao , Zhou Feng , Liu Yun‐Lin , Wang Cui‐Hong , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Zhou Jian
Published: December 2011

A cinchonidine derived, bifunctional phosphoramide is shown to catalyze the title reaction with up to 95% ds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Arylation—Oxidation Route to 3‐Arylisoindolinone Inhibitors of MDM2‐p53 Interaction.
Authors: Dempster Richard K. , Luzzio Frederick A.
Published: December 2011

The route to the compounds (IV) involves arylation of the hydroxylactam (I) followed by benzylic oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indole and Biindolyl Triflones: Trifluoromethanesulfonylation of Indoles with Tf2O/TTBP (2,4,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylpyridine) System.
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Hua , Liu Guo‐Kai , Azuma Ayaka , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: December 2011

The reaction can be performed in MeNO2 or an environmentally friendly solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Protic Onium Salts‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones from Aziridines and CO2 under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Li Yu‐Nong , Wei Yang‐Yang , He Liang‐Nian
Published: December 2011

A highly efficient, recyclable, stable, cheap, and easily prepared catalyst is presented for the title synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate ([bmim]‐HSO4)‐Mediated Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinolines
Authors: Tajik Hassan , Niknam Khodabakhsh , Sarrafan Marjan
Published: December 2011

via Friedlaender condensation of 2‐aminobenzophenones with carbonyl compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient InCl3/H2O‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐2‐Methyl‐4‐amido‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Varma P. Prabhakara , Srinivasa Aswathnarayana , Mahadevan Kittappa M.
Published: December 2011

by reaction of N‐vinylpyrrolidone or ‐caprolactame with aromatic amines
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Ultrasound‐Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Fused 6‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbonitrile
Authors: Zare Leila , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Mamaghani Manouchehr
Published: December 2011

via catalyst‐free multicomponent reactions of 3‐aminopyrazole, malononitrile and aryl aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Mediated Azomethine Ylide Formation—Photoredox Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Leonori Daniele , Poisson Thomas
Published: December 2011

The visible light mediated photoredox transformation of tertiary amines (I) to azomethine ylides and subsequent cycloaddition with maleimide derivatives as dipolarophiles proceeds under mild conditions resulting in the simultaneous and diastereoselective formation of two C‐C single bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Pyrimidinone Derivatives via Biginelli‐Type Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Ghayeb Yosof , Sheikhan Nafisehsadat , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: December 2011

The first report on the use of a Broensted acidic ionic liquid for the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives (IV) (20 examples) via a Biginelli‐type reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approach for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐4‐(2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐quinazolin‐3‐yl)‐butyramides.
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Ali Israr
Published: December 2011

The direct amide formation from acid (III) in the presence of a common coupling reagent (EDC/HOBt) fails but succeeds using easily accessible phosphazo compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Synthesis of an α‐Tetrasubstituted Proline Derivative.
Authors: Humphreys Eric R. , Hong Jun‐Bae , Green Keena L.
Published: December 2011

Starting from D‐proline (I), an improved gram‐scale synthesis of the potential triple reuptake inhibitor (VIII) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1′,2,3,3′,4,4′‐Hexa‐O‐benzylsucrose in the Preparation of Sucrose Macrocycles via a Click Chemistry Route: Regioselectivity Study.
Authors: Lewandowski Bartosz , Jarosz Slawomir
Published: December 2011

The final Huisgen cycloaddition proceeds regioselectively and only one isomer is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Bryostatins: Synthesis of Two Ring‐Expanded Bryostatin Analogues and the Development of a New‐Generation Strategy to Access the C7—C27 Fragment.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Yang Hanbiao , Dong Guangbin
Published: December 2011

Bryostatin analogues (I) possess anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Processing of Transparent Conductors: From Flask to Film
Authors: Pasquarelli Robert M. , Ginley David S. , O'Hayre Ryan
Published: December 2011

Review: 341 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Fabrication of Porous Platinum Electrodes
Authors: Kloke Arne , von Stetten Felix , Zengerle Roland , Kerzenmacher Sven
Published: December 2011

Review: 322 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Metal Carbonyl Clusters to Develop a Molecular Approach Towards Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Zacchini Stefano
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine and Its Derivatives in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Kiuru Paula , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari
Published: December 2011

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Furan and Its Derivatives in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Boto Alicia , Alvarez Laura
Published: December 2011

Review: 463 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxides and Oxetanes in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Das Biswanath , Damodar Kongara
Published: December 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Metal‐Nucleophilic Carbene Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Navarro Oscar , Viciu Mihai S.
Published: December 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiosemicarbazides. Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Metwally Mohamed A. , Bondock Samir , El‐Azap Hossam , Kandeel Ez‐Eldin M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Reactions on Racemic Mixtures
Authors: Miller Laura C. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: December 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed All‐Carbon [4 + 2] Cycloaddition—Decarboxylation
Authors: Ryan Sarah , Candish Lisa , Lupton David W.
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of Sugar‐Modified Oligonucleotides for Antisense Therapeutics
Authors: Prakash Thazha P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Ultrasound in Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Kharisov Boris Ildusovich , Kharissova Oxana Vasilievna , Ortiz‐Mendez Ubaldo
Published: December 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Microspectroscopy and Chemical Reactions in Soil Microsites
Authors: Hesterberg Dean , Duff Martine C. , Dixon Joe B. , Vepraskas Michael J.
Published: December 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Colloidal Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery
Authors: Swathi G. , Prasanthi N. L. , Manikiran S. S. , Ramarao N.
Published: December 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Tool for Structural Biology
Authors: Birlirakis Nicolas , Bontems Francois , Guittet Eric , Leroy Jean‐Louis , Lescop Ewen , Louis‐Joseph Alain , Morellet Nelly , Sizun Christina , Van Heijenoort Carine
Published: December 2011

Review: 20 refs.
Neuronal and glial differentiation during lizard (Gallotia galloti) visual system ontogeny
Authors: Romero‐Alemán M.M. , Monzón‐Mayor M. , Santos E. , Lang D.M. , Yanes C.
Published: December 2011

We studied the histogenesis of the lizard visual system (E30 to adulthood) by using a selection of immunohistochemical markers that had proved relevant for other vertebrates. By E30, the Pax6+ pseudostratified retinal epithelium shows few newborn retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the centrodorsal region expressing neuron‐ and synaptic‐specific markers such as betaIII‐tubulin (Tuj1), synaptic vesicle protein‐2 (SV2), and vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 (VGLUT1). Concurrently, pioneer RGC axons run among the Pax2+ astroglia in the optic nerve and reach the superficial optic tectum. Between E30 and E35, the optic chiasm and optic tract remain acellular, but the latter contains radial processes with subpial endfeet expressing vimentin (Vim). From E35, neuron‐ and synaptic‐specific stainings spread in the retina and optic tectum, whereas retinal Pax6, and Tuj1/SV2 in RGC axons decrease. Müller glia and abundant optic nerve glia express a variety of glia‐specific markers until adulthood. Subpopulations of optic nerve glia are also VGLUT1+ and cluster differentiation‐44 (CD44)‐positive but cytokeratin‐negative, unlike the case in other regeneration‐competent species. Specifically, coexpression of CD44/Vim and glutamine synthetase (GS)/VGLUT1 reflects glial specialization, insofar as most CD44+ glia are GS−. In the adult optic tract and tectum, radial glia and free astroglia coexist. The latter show different immunocharacterization (Pax2−/CD44−/Vim−) compared with that in the optic nerve. We conclude that upregulation of Tuj1 and SV2 is required for axonal outgrowth and search for appropriate targets, whereas Pax2+ optic nerve astroglia and Vim+ radial glia may aid in early axonal guidance. Spontaneous axonal regrowth seems to succeed despite the heterogeneous mammalian‐like glial environment in the lizard optic nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2163–2184, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformity of Aluminum Thin Films Deposited onto Micro‐Patterned Silicon Wafers by Pulsed Laser Deposition, Magnetron Sputtering, and CVD
Authors: Thomann Anne‐Lise , Vahlas Constantin , Aloui Lyacine , Samelor Diane , Caillard Amael , Shaharil Nurhul , Blanc Romuald , Millon Eric
Published: December 2011

Complex materials, exhibiting a cocktail of properties, are currently needed for many applications. In this context, new requirements arise in terms of materials processing, such as the synthesis of sub‐micrometer objects, or the coating and functionalization of complex surfaces of powders, porous materials, or micro‐patterned devices. Depending on the requirements, the aim may be to duplicate the original design of the surface, or to modify it (filling of holes etc.). Physical vapor deposition (PVD) and CVD are promising techniques for the deposition of thin films on such substrates. In order to compare the ability of various deposition techniques to coat complex surfaces, a micro‐patterned silicon wafer has been developed. In the present work, aluminum thin films are deposited on this model substrate by two PVD techniques; pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS), and by metal‐organic (MO)CVD. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is performed in order to determine the microstructure and study the thickness conformity.
Analytical model for connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks in the presence of channel randomness
Authors: Babu A.V. , Muhammed Ajeer V.K.
Published: December 2011

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a highly mobile wireless ad hoc network formed by vehicles equipped with communication facilities. Developing multihop communication in VANETs is a challenging problem because of rapidly changing network topology and frequent network disconnections. This paper investigates the network connectivity probability of one‐dimensional VANET in the presence of channel randomness. Network connectivity is one of the most important issues in VANETs, because the dissemination of time‐critical information requires, as a preliminary condition, the network to be fully connected. We present an analytical procedure for the computation of network connectivity probability, taking into account the underlying wireless channel. Three different fading models are considered for the connectivity analysis: Rayleigh, Rician, and Weibull. A distance‐dependent power law model is employed for the pathloss in a vehicle‐to‐vehicle channel. Furthermore, the speed of each vehicle on the highway is assumed to be a Gaussian distributed random variable. The analysis provides a general framework for investigating the dependence of various parameters such as vehicle arrival rate, vehicle density, vehicle speed, highway length, and various physical layer parameters such as transmit power, receive signal‐to‐noise ratio threshold, path loss exponent, and fading factors (Rician and Weibull) on VANET connectivity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotically maximum likelihood detection for subcarrier mapping‐induced cyclostationary signatures in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Jiang Yonglei , Hu Honglin
Published: December 2011

In cognitive radio networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, the subcarrier mapping‐induced cyclostationary signatures are utilized for robust network coordination. However, the effect of network coordination depends on the reliable detection of such cyclostationary signatures. Moreover, doubly selective fading increases the difficulty of reliable detection. In this paper, we first derive an exact covariance matrix to characterize the statistics of the cyclostationary signatures induced by subcarrier mapping. Using the exact covariance matrix rather than its estimation adopted in conventional algorithms, we propose an asymptotically maximum likelihood detection algorithm. The detection performance of the proposed asymptotically maximum likelihood detection algorithm is analyzed and evaluated both in flat fading and doubly selective fading channels. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional low‐complexity single‐cycle signature detection algorithm in terms of less observation period or smaller mapping set size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperactive BMP signaling induced by ALK2R206H requires type II receptor function in a Drosophila model for classic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Le Viet Q. , Wharton Kristi A.
Published: December 2011

Overexpression of human GATA4 in the Drosophila eyes through the GMR‐GAL4 driver. All flies show narrow eyes. The original photograph has been duplicated for esthetic purposes to create 6 panels. From Amodio et al., Developmental Dynamics 241:205‐213, 2012.
Hexaphosphine: A Multifaceted Ligand for Transition Metal Coordination
Authors: Smaliy Radomyr V. , Beaupérin Matthieu , Mielle Arnaud , Richard Philippe , Cattey Hélène , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: December 2011

We report the synthesis and characterization of the first ferrocenyl polyphosphane incorporating six phosphorus donor atoms. In this unique ligand, the cyclopentadienyl rings of the ferrocenyl backbone adopt a staggered position, which leads to a piano‐stool arrangement for each of the two sets of three P atoms facing the same direction. As a consequence of its remarkable flexibility, this hexaphosphane displays versatile coordination behaviour towards metals, leading to unexpected structures of palladium and platinum bimetallic complexes. Analogous molybdenum and rhodium complexes are more classical.