bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erfassung pädagogischer Qualität in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Mayer Daniela , Beckh Kathrin
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur Validität der drei am häufigsten eingesetzten Beobachtungsinstrumente zur Erfassung der pädagogischen Qualität in Kindertageseinrichtungen: Krippen- bzw. Kindergarten-Skala (KRIPS-R/KES-R), Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) und Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). Die Ergebnisse eigener Studien und internationaler Forschung weisen auf erhebliche Probleme im Hinblick auf die Antwortprozess-Validität, strukturelle Validität und Kriteriumsvalidität der Instrumente hin. Implikationen für die Anwendung und Revision der Skalen sowie für die Entwicklung von Instrumenten zur Erfassung der Betreuungsqualität in Kindertageseinrichtungen werden diskutiert.
Mutations in the P10 region of procaspase-8 lead to chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia by impairing procaspase-8 dimerization
Authors: Li Ming , Wu Xiao-Mo , Gao Ju , Yang Fen , Zhang Cui-Lin , Ke Kun , Wang Ying-Chao , Zheng You-Shi , Yao Jian-Feng , Guan Ying-Ying , Chen Xuan , Chen Juan , Liu Xiao-Long , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: May 2018

Caspase-8 activation initiates apoptotic signaling cascades, and certain mutations in procasepase-8 have been reported to be associated with the progression and prognosis of different types of tumors. In this study, we have identified four novel mutations, which are highly correlated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, within the P10 subunit of procaspase-8. These newly discovered mutations cause premature termination of translation, resulting in truncated procaspase-8 protein, which is incapable of forming dimer to initiate apoptosis signaling pathway. Further biochemical analysis reveals that the segment of P10 subunit of procaspase-8 consisting of three amino acid residues from L491 to F493 is crucial for the formation of procaspase-8 interdimer, and the aberration of this segment disrupts the dimerization and consequently precludes the activation of caspase-8 and downstream apoptotic signaling pathway. Therefore, the patients with AML who bear these types of P10 mutations were more likely to develop chemotherapy resistance due to impaired apoptotic signaling in cellular system, leading to significantly reduced overall survival (OS) as compared with patients carrying no such types of P10 mutations. Taken together, these newly identified P10 mutations in procaspase-8 could be used as novel biomarkers for predicting response and survival of chemotherapy-treated AML patients, as well as potential therapeutic targets for medical intervention in the future.
Reconfigurable optomechanical circulator and directional amplifier
Authors: Shen Zhen , Zhang Yan-Lei , Chen Yuan , Sun Fang-Wen , Zou Xu-Bo , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling , Dong Chun-Hua
Published: April 2018

Non-reciprocal devices, which allow non-reciprocal signal routing, serve as fundamental elements in photonic and microwave circuits and are crucial in both classical and quantum information processing. The radiation-pressure-induced coupling between light and mechanical motion in travelling-wave resonators has been exploited to break the Lorentz reciprocity, enabling non-reciprocal devices without magnetic materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable non-reciprocal device with alternative functions as either a circulator or a directional amplifier via optomechanically induced coherent photon–phonon conversion or gain. The demonstrated device exhibits considerable flexibility and offers exciting opportunities for combining reconfigurability, non-reciprocity and active properties in single photonic devices, which can also be generalized to microwave and acoustic circuits.
Author Correction: Surveillance of vector-borne pathogens under imperfect detection: lessons from Chagas disease risk (mis)measurement
Authors: Minuzzi-Souza Thaís Tâmara Castro , Nitz Nadjar , Cuba César Augusto Cuba , Hagström Luciana , Hecht Mariana Machado , Santana Camila , Ribeiro Marcelle , Vital Tamires Emanuele , Santalucia Marcelo , Knox Monique , Obara Marcos Takashi , Abad-Franch Fernando , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Exosomes secreted by human adipose mesenchymal stem cells promote scarless cutaneous repair by regulating extracellular matrix remodelling
Authors: Wang Lu , Hu Li , Zhou Xin , Xiong Zehuan , Zhang Chenguang , Shehada Hassan M. A. , Hu Bo , Song Jinlin , Chen Lili
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Grain Yield, Starch Content and Activities of Key Enzymes of Waxy and Non-waxy Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zi Yan , Ding Jinfeng , Song Jianmin , Humphreys Gavin , Peng Yongxin , Li Chunyan , Zhu Xinkai , Guo Wenshan
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints
Authors: Pietsch M. , Dávila L. Aguirre , Erfurt P. , Avci E. , Lenarz T. , Kral A.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Transcriptomic analysis of crustacean molting gland (Y-organ) regulation via the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Shyamal S. , Das S. , Guruacharya A. , Mykles D. L. , Durica D. S.
Published: May 2018

The intermolt crustacean Y-organ (YO) maintains a basal state mediated by pulsatile release of molt inhibiting hormone (MIH), a neuropeptide produced in the eyestalk ganglia, inhibiting YO ecdysteroidogenesis. Reduction of MIH results in YO activation and the animal enters premolt. In the crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, molting was induced by eyestalk ablation (ESA). ESA animals were injected with either rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, or DMSO vehicle at Day 0. YOs were harvested at 1, 3, and 7 days post-ESA and processed for high throughput RNA sequencing. ESA-induced increases in mRNA levels of mTOR signaling genes (e.g., mTOR, Rheb, TSC1/2, Raptor, Akt, and S6 kinase) declined following rapamycin treatment. In concert with mTOR inhibition, mRNA levels of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes (e.g., Nvd, Spo, Sad, Dib, and Phm) were decreased and accompanied by a decrease in hemolymph ecdysteroid titer. By contrast, rapamycin increased the mRNA level of FKBP12, the rapamycin-binding protein, as well as the mRNA levels of genes associated with Wnt and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways. Many MIH and transforming growth factor-β signaling genes were down regulated in ESA animals. These results indicate that mTOR activity either directly or indirectly controls transcription of genes that drive activation of the YO.
MicroRNA-143 modulates the expression of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 in cardiac cells
Authors: Wang Juan , Tong Kai Sing , Wong Lee Lee , Liew Oi-Wah , Raghuram Divya , Richards Arthur Mark , Chen Yei-Tsung
Published: April 2018

Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3), the clearance receptor for extracellular bio-active natriuretic peptides (NPs), plays important roles in the homeostasis of body fluid volume and vascular tone. Using luciferase reporter and antagomir-based silencing assays, we demonstrated that the expression of NPR3 could be modulated by microRNA-143 (miR-143-3p), a microRNA species with up-regulated circulating concentrations in clinical heart failure. The regulatory effect of miR-143 on NPR3 expression was further evidenced by the reciprocal relationship between miR-143 and NPR3 levels observed in hypoxia-treated human cardiac cells and in left ventricular tissue from rats undergoing experimental myocardial infarction. Further analysis indicated elevation of miR-143 in response to hypoxic challenge reflects transcriptional activation of the miR-143 host gene (MIR143HG). This was corroborated by demonstration of the induction of host gene promoter activity upon hypoxic challenge. Moreover, miR-143 was shown to enhance its own expression by increasing MIR143HG promoter activity, as well as targeting the expressions of NPPA, NPPC, NR3C2, and CRHR2 in cardiac cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the elevation of miR-143 upon hypoxic insult may be part of a microRNA-based feed forward loop that results in fine tuning the levels of NPs and neurohormonal receptors in cardiac cell lineages.
Coherent Phonon Transport Measurement and Controlled Acoustic Excitations Using Tunable Acoustic Phonon Source in GHz-sub THz Range with Variable Bandwidth
Authors: Shen Xiaohan , Lu Zonghuan , Timalsina Yukta P. , Lu Toh-Ming , Washington Morris , Yamaguchi Masashi
Published: April 2018

We experimentally demonstrated a narrowband acoustic phonon source with simultaneous tunabilities of the centre frequency and the spectral bandwidth in the GHz-sub THz frequency range based on photoacoustic excitation using intensity-modulated optical pulses. The centre frequency and bandwidth are tunable from 65 to 381 GHz and 17 to 73 GHz, respectively. The dispersion of the sound velocity and the attenuation of acoustic phonons in silicon dioxide (SiO2) and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were investigated using the acoustic phonon source. The sound velocities of SiO2 and ITO films were frequency-independent in the measured frequency range. On the other hand, the phonon attenuations of both of SiO2 and ITO films showed quadratic frequency dependences, and polycrystalline ITO showed several times larger attenuation than those in amorphous SiO2. In addition, the selective excitation of mechanical resonance modes was demonstrated in nanoscale tungsten (W) film using acoustic pulses with various centre frequencies and spectral widths.
Electrically-triggered micro-explosion in a graphene/SiO2/Si structure
Authors: Liu Siyang , Kim Myungji , Kim Hong Koo
Published: May 2018

Electrically-triggered micro-explosions in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure can fragment/atomize analytes placed on it, offering an interesting application potential for chip-scale implementation of atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). We have investigated the mechanisms of micro-explosions occurring in a graphene/SiO2/Si (GOS) structure under a high-field pulsed voltage drive. Micro-explosions are found to occur more readily in inversion bias than in accumulation bias. Explosion damages in inversion-biased GOS differ significantly between n-Si and p-Si substrate cases: a highly localized, circular, protruding cone-shape melt of Si for the n-Si GOS case, whereas shallow, irregular, laterally-propagating trenches in SiO2/Si for the p-Si GOS case. These differing damage morphologies are explained by different carrier-multiplication processes: in the n-Si case, impact ionization propagates from SiO2 to Si, causing highly-localized melt explosions of Si in the depletion region, whereas in the p-Si case, from SiO2 towards graphene electrode, resulting in laterally wide-spread micro-explosions. These findings are expected to help optimize the GOS-based atomizer structure for low voltage, small-volume analyte, high sensitivity chip-scale emission spectroscopy.
Majority of Chinese Medicine Herb Category “Qing Re Yao” Have Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Guan Fulan , Lam Wing , Hu Rong , Kim Yun Kyung , Han Hua , Cheng Yung-Chi
Published: May 2018

Herbs categorized as “Qing Re Yao” are translated into “medicine that removes heat” where heat symptoms strongly resemble inflammation. 226 herbs, among those 54 herbs are classified as “Qing Re Yao”, were studied on six key mechanisms of inflammation: COX2, iNOS activity, and the pathways of IL-6, IFNγ, TNF-α and glucocorticoid in order to assess if the majority of this family of herbs have anti-inflammatory activity. 96% demonstrated at least one anti-inflammatory process or innate immunity modular activity, and 72% could affect one anti-inflammatory process. Of the, 54 “Qing Re Yao” 68% affect at least 2 mechanism compared to only 4% (47 herbs) in the “Bu Yi Yao” category that are used to “tonify body energy” and prevent diseases. Moreover 43% of “Qing Re Yao” herbs affect 3 or more mechanisms while none of the “Bu Yi Yao” have this poly-mechanism quality. Additionally “Qing Re Yao” herbs exhibiting activity against STAT3 or GAS could have downstream effects on these target genes and their pathways. Our study addresses the key action on why “Qing Re Yao” work on inflammation. This study also demonstrates the utility in isolating anti-inflammatory substances to be used as a lead for drug discovery and development.
Magneto-structural correlation of cyano-substituted 3-tert-butyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl: spin transition behaviour observed in a 6-cyano derivative
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Tsuchiya Naoya , Miura Youhei , Yoshioka Naoki
Published: April 2018

New cyano-substituted 3-tert-butylbenzotriazinyls, 7CN and 6CN, were synthesized and their spectroscopic properties and magneto-structural correlation were investigated.
The growing role of structural mass spectrometry in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Tian Yuwei , Ruotolo Brandon T.
Published: April 2018

The comprehensive structural characterization of therapeutic antibodies is of critical importance for the successful discovery and development of such biopharmaceuticals, yet poses many challenges to modern measurement science. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technologies focusing on the characterization of antibody-based therapeutics.
A new ether-based electrolyte for lithium sulfur batteries using a S@pPAN cathode
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Guo Yongsheng , Liang Chengdu , Cao Lujie , Pan Hui , Yang Jun , Wang Jiulin
Published: April 2018

An ether-based electrolyte of 4 M LiFSI/DBE is proposed to match both Li metal anodes and a S@pPAN cathode.
Chemical bonding and Cu diffusion at the Cu/Ta2N interface: a DFT study
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Ma Aibin , Li Mingxue , Jiang Jinghua , Chen Jianqing , Jiang Yaqing
Published: April 2018

DFT calculations were performed to study chemical bonding and Cu diffusion at the Cu/Ta2N interface.
Self-assembly of a mixed-valence FeII–FeIII tetranuclear star
Authors: Sertphon Darunee , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Chilton Nicholas F. , Hill Stephen , Marbey Jonathan , Adams Harry , Davies Casey G. , Jameson Guy N. L. , Harding David J.
Published: April 2018

A self-assembled mixed-valence FeII–FeIII tetranuclear star is reported that shows ferromagnetic coupling, field-induced single molecule magnetism and strong magnetic anisotropy at the peripheral FeII centres.
Surface confined titania redox couple for ultrafast energy storage
Authors: Zhi Jian , Cui Houlei , Wang Zhou , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2018

A surface confined Ti3+/Ti4+ redox couple on black TiO2 enables fast ion diffusion kinetics and provides an unprecedented rate capability.
Correction: An evidence for an organic N-doped multiwall carbon nanotube heterostructure and its superior electrocatalytic properties for promising dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Arbab Alvira Ayoub , Memon Anam Ali , Sahito Iftikhar Ali , Mengal Naveed , Sun Kyung Chul , Ali Mumtaz , Jeong Sung Hoon
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘An evidence for an organic N-doped multiwall carbon nanotube heterostructure and its superior electrocatalytic properties for promising dye-sensitized solar cells’ by Alvira Ayoub Arbab et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8ta00535d.
Radiation Tolerant, Low Noise Phase Locked Loops in 65 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Prinzie Jeffrey , Christiansen Jorgen , Moreira Paulo , Steyaert Michiel , Leroux Paul
Published: April 2018

This work presents an introduction to radiation hardened Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) for nuclear and high-energy physics application. An experimental circuit has been fabricated and irradiated with Xrays up to 600 Mrad. Heavy ions with an LET between 3.2 and 69.2 MeV.cm2/mg were used to verify the SEU cross section of the devices. A Two-photon Absorption (TPA) laser facility has been used to provide detailed results on the SEU sensitivity. The presented circuit employs TMR in the digital logic and an asynchronous phase-frequency detector (PFD) is presented. The PLL has a ringand LC-oscillator to be compared experimentally. The circuit has been fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology.
Modeling and solution of maximal covering problem considering gradual coverage with variable radius over multi-periods
Authors: Eydi Alireza , Mohebi Javad
Published: April 2018

Facility location is a critical component of strategic planning for public and private firms. Due to high cost of facility location, making decisions for such a problem has become an important issue which have gained a large deal of attention from researchers. This study examined the gradual maximal covering location problem with variable radius over multiple time periods. In gradual covering location problem, it is assumed that full coverage is replaced by a coverage function, so that increasing the distance from the facility decreases the amount of demand coverage. In variable radius covering problems, however, each facility is considered to have a fixed cost along with a variable cost which has a direct impact on the coverage radius. In real-world problems, since demand may change over time, necessitating relocation of the facilities, the problem can be formulated over multiple time periods. In this study, a mixed integer programming model was presented in which not only facility capacity was considered, but also two objectives were followed: coverage maximization and relocation cost minimization. A metaheuristic algorithm was presented to solve the maximal covering location problem. A simulated annealing algorithm was proposed, with its results presented. Computational results and comparisons demonstrated good performance of the simulated annealing algorithm.
Optimal replenishment and credit policy in an inventory model for deteriorating items under two-levels of trade credit policy when demand depends on both time and credit period involving default risk
Authors: Mukherjee Avik , Mahata Gour Chandra
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we examine an optimal dynamic decision-making problem for a retailer’s inventory system of deteriorating items under two-level trade credit financing where the supplier, as well as the retailer, offers trade credit to the subsequent downstream member, the demand rate of which varies simultaneously with time and the length of credit period that is offered to the customers. The deterioration rate is non-decreasing over time. In addition, the risk of default increases with the credit period length. A generalized model is presented to determine the optimal trade credit and replenishment strategies that maximize the retailer’s annual total profit. We then demonstrate that the retailer’s optimal credit period and replenishment cycle time not only exist but also are unique. Thus, the search of the global optimal solution reduces to finding a local solution. Finally, we run several numerical examples to illustrate the problem and gain managerial insights.
Effects of Exercise Intensity on Microvascular Function in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Morrissey Christopher , Montero David , Raverdy Cecile , Masson Delphine , Amiot Marie-Jo , Vinet Agnes
Published: April 2018

The optimal exercise modality for the improvement of health-related parameters and microvascular function in obese adolescents is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) compare the microvascular phenotype of obese and normal-weight adolescents; and 2) to determine the effects of a lifestyle intervention including three months of moderate continuous training (MCT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on health-related parameters and microvascular function in 29 obese adolescents. Body composition, metabolic profile, aerobic fitness and cutaneous blood flow, measured using laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, were assessed prior to and following lifestyle intervention. Sixteen normal-weight adolescents were included as reference controls for baseline microvascular parameters. At baseline, obese adolescents had higher peak blood flow, peak vascular conductance and area under the curve for post-occlusive reactive hyperemia than normal-weight adolescents. Conversely, peak blood flow, peak vascular conductance and area under the curve data remained unchanged after MCT and HIIT without intergroup differences. However, the peak/basal blood flow ratio decreased in both MCT and HIIT groups without any interaction between groups due to basal CBF increase (tendency p=0.074). Exercise training, whatever the modality, does not improve peak microcirculatory function.
Cumulative Experience in Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Lymphedema Treatment: The Learning Curve Effect on the Overall Outcome
Authors: Pereira Nicolas , Lee Yeon , Suh Youngchul , Choi Dong , Suh Hyun , Jeon Jae , Hong Joon
Published: May 2018

Background The lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) has become one of the treatment options for lymphedema. However, it is regarded as a difficult surgery that many young microsurgeons are reluctant to try. This report investigates the learning curve in regard to symptom improvement.

Methods This is a retrospective analysis performed in 33 consecutive lymphedema patients (38 extremities) who underwent only LVAs from August 2010 to February 2016. Surgical outcomes in regard to surgeon's experience were evaluated. The surgeons experience was divided into three groups: early group with less than 2 years, moderate with 2 to 4 years, and mature group with more than 4 years of experience.

Results A total of 31 limbs (8/8 in upper extremity and 23/30 in lower extremity) showed improvement. When we compare volume change and recurrence of cellulitis with regard to surgeon's experience, there were no statistically significant differences. However, the mean time per LVA was significantly decreased as the experience increased over time (p = 0.017).

Conclusion LVA is an effective treatment option to reduce the volume in the affected limb and to improve symptoms involved. Regardless of the number and experience of the surgeons, cellulitis improves significantly after LVA. The experience of the surgeon does not significantly impact the positive outcome while proficiency increases with experience.
Treatment Regimens with Bypassing Agents in Patients with Hemophilia A and Inhibitors: A Survey from the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE)
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Franchini Massimo , Castaman Giancarlo , Santagostino Elena , Santoro Cristina , Santoro Rita , Morfini Massimo , Di Minno Giovanni , Rocino Angiola ,   on behalf of the AICE ad hoc Working Group
Published: May 2018

The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against infused factor VIII currently represents the main complication of replacement therapy in patients with severe hemophilia A. Inhibitors, indeed, particularly high-titer inhibitors (>5 BU/mL), greatly complicate the management of bleeding, exposing patients to an increased morbidity and mortality risk, thus representing a significant burden for physicians of Hemophilia Treatment Centers (HTCs). Although bypassing agents (i.e., activated prothrombin complex concentrate [APCC] and recombinant activated factor VII [rFVIIa]) are available for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in inhibitor patients, their efficacy, safety, and cost–benefit outcomes are poorly known in the long term and should be further improved. In the frame of the update of recommendations for the management of inhibitor patients by the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE), to collect more information on real-life therapeutic approaches with bypassing agents in this setting, a survey was conducted among the Directors of the Italian HTCs. From questionnaires returned by 55% of them, data on the use of rFVIIa and APCC in children, adolescent, and adult patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors were obtained and are summarized in this article, including information about the implementation of prophylaxis with both bypassing agents, the adopted regimens, and reasons for starting, adjusting, and interrupting such a therapeutic approach.
FAQ: MVZ – Gründung, Aufkauf, Nachbesetzung und Übernahme von Praxissitzen
Authors: Jaeger Berit , Werle Christiane
Published: May 2018

Bei einem Medizinischen Versorgungszentrum, kurz MVZ, muss zwischen einem „Angestellten-MVZ“ und einem „Freiberufler-MVZ“ unterschieden werden. Ob die Gründung eines MVZ im Einzelfall sinnvoll ist und, falls dem so ist, in welcher Form eine solche Gründung erfolgen sollte, hängt von den Umständen des Einzelfalls ab sowie davon, ob überhaupt die jeweiligen Gründereigenschaften vorliegen. Anhand der bestehenden Unterschiede zwischen einer Berufsausübungsgemeinschaft (BAG) und einem MVZ sollte überdacht werden, ob die MVZ-Gründung für das beabsichtigte Ziel sinnvoll und erforderlich ist. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass sich ein MVZ insbesondere hinsichtlich der Gründung, der möglichen Gesellschaftsform, der Möglichkeit der Anzahl der angestellten Ärzte, der Nachbesetzung von Arztsitzen bzw. Arztstellen, der Anzahl der möglichen Standorte und der Gewinnverteilungsmöglichkeiten von einer BAG unterscheidet.
Psychosoziale Evaluation von Transplantationspatienten – Empfehlungen für die Richtlinien zur Organtransplantation
Authors: Kröncke Sylvia , Greif-Higer Gertrud , Albert Wolfgang , de Zwaan Martina , Erim Yesim , Eser-Valeri Daniela , Papachristou Christina , Petersen Irene , Schulz Karl-Heinz , Tigges-Limmer Katharina , Vitinius Frank , Ziegler Kristin , Künsebeck Hans-Werner
Published: May 2018

Seit einigen Jahren befinden sich die Richtlinien zur Transplantationsmedizin der Bundesärztekammer in einem umfassenden Revisionsprozess. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert Empfehlungen zur psychosozialen Evaluation von Patienten vor Organtransplantation, die von Experten der Kommission Psychologie/Psychosomatik der Deutschen Transplantationsgesellschaft erarbeitet wurden mit dem Ziel, diese Empfehlungen in die Richtlinien einzubringen. Wichtigstes Anliegen ist dabei die Etablierung einer obligatorischen psychosozialen Evaluation für alle Patienten vor Aufnahme in die Transplantationswarteliste. Beschrieben werden Inhalte, potenzielle Kontraindikationen und das Prozedere der Evaluation. Außerdem wird ausführlich die für die Untersucher für notwendig erachtete Qualifikation thematisiert. Abschließend wird der zukünftige Handlungsbedarf festgestellt.
Dynamic quadrupole interactions in semiconductors
Authors: Dang Thien Thanh , Schell Juliana , Lupascu Doru C. , Vianden Reiner
Published: April 2018

The time differential perturbed angular correlation, TDPAC, technique has been used for several decades to study electric quadrupole hyperfine interactions in semiconductors such as dynamic quadrupole interactions (DQI) resulting from after-effects of the nuclear decay as well as static quadrupole interactions originating from static defects around the probe nuclei such as interstitial ions, stresses in the crystalline structure, and impurities. Nowadays, the quality of the available semiconductor materials is much better, allowing us to study purely dynamic interactions. We present TDPAC measurements on pure Si, Ge, GaAs, and InP as a function of temperature between 12 K and 110 K. The probe 111In (111Cd) was used. Implantation damage was recovered by thermal annealing. Si experienced the strongest DQI with lifetime, τg, increasing with rising temperature, followed by Ge. In contrast, InP and GaAs, which have larger band gaps and less electron concentration than Si and Ge in the same temperature range, presented no DQI. The results obtained also allow us to conclude that indirect band gap semiconductors showed the dynamic interaction, whereas the direct band gap semiconductors, restricted to GaAs and InP, did not.
In-situ sequential laser transfer and laser reduction of graphene oxide films
Authors: Papazoglou S. , Petridis C. , Kymakis E. , Kennou S. , Raptis Y. S. , Chatzandroulis S. , Zergioti I.
Published: April 2018

Achieving high quality transfer of graphene on selected substrates is a priority in device fabrication, especially where drop-on-demand applications are involved. In this work, we report an in-situ, fast, simple, and one step process that resulted in the reduction, transfer, and fabrication of reduced graphene oxide-based humidity sensors, using picosecond laser pulses. By tuning the laser illumination parameters, we managed to implement the sequential printing and reduction of graphene oxide flakes. The overall process lasted only a few seconds compared to a few hours that our group has previously published. DC current measurements, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopy were employed in order to assess the efficiency of our approach. To demonstrate the applicability and the potential of the technique, laser printed reduced graphene oxide humidity sensors with a limit of detection of 1700 ppm are presented. The results demonstrated in this work provide a selective, rapid, and low-cost approach for sequential transfer and photochemical reduction of graphene oxide micro-patterns onto various substrates for flexible electronics and sensor applications.
Anomalous atomic displacement parameters and local dynamics in the Curie range of a Pb-free relaxor ferroelectric system (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3(0.36 ≤ x ≤ 0.50)
Authors: Singh Anar , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Pandey Dhananjai
Published: April 2018

We report here the relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behaviour in a multiferroic solid solution system, (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3, at a critical disorder level of xC ∼ 0.35 in BiFeO3 and 0.65 (i.e., 1-xC = 0.35) in BaTiO3 similar to the 1:2 ratio of Mg2+ and Nb5+ in the canonical RFE Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. This Pb-free system, like canonical Pb-based RFEs, does not exhibit macroscopic symmetry breaking and shows only the signatures of ergodicity breaking at Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature (TVF). The atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) of Fe3+/Ti4+ and O2−, obtained using high wave vector (Q) and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction data as a function of temperature, show anomalous diffuse peaks in the Curie range. It is shown that the diffuse peak in ADPs is due to softening of the vibrational frequencies of the B-O chain (B = Fe3+/Ti4+ and O = O2−) below the Burns temperature (TB) followed by hardening below the characteristic temperature (T′m), which corresponds to a peak in the dielectric permittivity (ε′).
Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in electroplated rhenium
Authors: Pappas D. P. , David D. E. , Lake R. E. , Bal M. , Goldfarb R. B. , Hite D. A. , Kim E. , Ku H.-S. , Long J. L. , McRae C. R. H. , Pappas L. D. , Roshko A. , Wen J. G. , Plourde B. L. T. , Arslan I. , Wu X.
Published: April 2018

We show that electroplated Re films in multilayers with noble metals such as Cu, Au, and Pd have an enhanced superconducting critical temperature relative to previous methods of preparing Re. The dc resistance and magnetic susceptibility indicate a critical temperature of approximately 6 K. The magnetic response as a function of field at 1.8 K demonstrates type-II superconductivity, with an upper critical field on the order of 2.5 T. Critical current densities greater than 107 A/m2 were measured above liquid-helium temperature. Low-loss at radio frequency was obtained below the critical temperature for multilayers deposited onto resonators made with Cu traces on commercial circuit boards. These electroplated superconducting films can be integrated into a wide range of standard components for low-temperature electronics.
Control of thermal expansion in a low-density framework modification of silicon
Authors: Beekman Matt , Kaduk James A. , Wong-Ng Winnie , Troesch Michael , Lee Glenn S. , Nolas George S.
Published: April 2018

The low-density clathrate-II modification of silicon, Si136, contains two distinct cage-like voids large enough to accommodate various types of guest atoms which influence both the host structure and its properties. Although the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of Si136 (293 K < T < 423 K) is only about 20% larger than that of the ground state α-Si (diamond structure), the coefficient of thermal expansion monotonically increases by more than 150% upon filling the framework cages with Na atoms in NaxSi136 (0 < x < 24), ranging from α = 2.6 × 10−6 K−1 (x = 0) to 6.8 × 10−6 K−1 (extrapolated to x = 24) by only varying the Na content, x. Taken together with the available heat capacity and bulk modulus data, the dramatic increase in thermal expansion can be attributed to an increase in the mode-averaged Grüneisen parameter by a factor of nearly 3 from x = 0 to x = 24. These results highlight a potential mechanism for tuning thermal expansion, whereby guest atoms are incorporated into the voids of rigid, covalently bonded inorganic frameworks to influence the lattice dynamics.
Effects of fluorine incorporation into β-Ga2O3
Authors: Yang Jiangcheng , Fares Chaker , Ren F. , Sharma Ribhu , Patrick Erin , Law Mark E. , Pearton S. J. , Kuramata Akito
Published: April 2018

β-Ga2O3 rectifiers fabricated on lightly doped epitaxial layers on bulk substrates were exposed to CF4 plasmas. This produced a significant decrease in Schottky barrier height relative to unexposed control diodes (0.68 eV compared to 1.22 eV) and degradation in ideality factor (2.95 versus 1.01 for the control diodes). High levels of F (>1022 cm−3) were detected in the near-surface region by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. The diffusion of fluorine into the Ga2O3 was thermally activated with an activation energy of 1.24 eV. Subsequent annealing in the range 350–400 °C brought recovery of the diode characteristics and an increase in barrier height to a value larger than in the unexposed control diodes (1.36 eV). Approximately 70% of the initial F was removed from the Ga2O3 by 400 °C, with the surface outgas rate also being thermally activated with an activation energy of 1.23 eV. Very good fits to the experimental data were obtained by integrating physics of the outdiffusion mechanisms into the Florida Object Oriented Process Simulator code and assuming that the outgas rate from the surface was mediated through fluorine molecule formation. The fluorine molecule forward reaction rate had an activation energy of 1.24 eV, while the reversal rate of this reaction had an activation energy of 0.34 eV. The net carrier density in the drift region of the rectifiers decreased after CF4 exposure and annealing at 400 °C. The data are consistent with a model in which near-surface plasma-induced damage creates degraded Schottky barrier characteristics, but as the samples are annealed, this damage is removed, leaving the compensation effect of Si donors by F− ions. The barrier lowering and then enhancement are due to the interplay between surface defects and the chemical effects of the fluorine.
Strengthening participatory approaches to coastal fisheries governance in Papua New Guinea: the role of local-level government legislation
Authors: Zheng Gina
Published: May 2018

Fisheries governance in Papua New Guinea is a significant factor to the nation’s sustainable development. In seeking to strengthen community-based and participatory approaches to fisheries management in the nation, this paper will highlight the significant role of local-level governments in re-envisioning coastal and small-scale fisheries governance and argues that such local-level legislative authorities provide an opportunity to progress the nation’s coastal fisheries governance.
Management of sexually transmissible infections in the era of multiplexed molecular diagnostics: a primary care survey
Authors: Brosh-Nissimov Tal , Kedem Ron , Ophir Nimrod , Shental Omri , Keller Nathan , Amit Sharon
Published: April 2018

Background
Data regarding sexually transmissible infections (STI) often originate from STI clinics, screening programs or laboratory-based studies, thus are biased for specific risk groups or lack clinical details. This real-life observational study presents sample data of most young adult Israeli population by exploiting the centralised diagnostic and documentation platforms resulting from a mandatory military service at the age of 18 years for both genders. Methods: All STI diagnoses of Israeli Defence Forces soldiers during a 6-month period were reviewed. Patients with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) (major-STI) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Ureaplasma parvum (UP) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) (equivocal STI) were compared with STI-negative controls. Results: Sexually transmissible infection positivity rates (n = 2816) were as follows: CT 6.6%; MG 1.9%; NG 0.7%; TV 0.5%; UU 15.7%; UP 28.2%; and MH 6.2%. The CT+MG coinfection rate was 4.1%, yet CT+NG coinfections were rare (≈0.5%). More than half of the patients with ureaplasmas and/or MH were treated; 40% of them were recommended partner treatment. Most antibiotics were prescribed to patients with equivocal infections. Classic STI symptoms in males were linked to major-STI and UU, while females were asymptomatic or presented non-specific symptoms. Conclusions: The judicious use of antibiotics in the era of antimicrobial resistance necessitates re-evaluating the significance of equivocal pathogen detection and reporting (MH, UU, UP). Likewise, universal empiric treatment for NG should be reconsidered in light of its low rates in non-high-risk groups. Conversely, a high MG rate, a pathogen with potential resistance to common STI protocols, requires evaluation of guidelines adequacy.
Key clusters as indicators of translator style
Authors: Mastropierro Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the issue of translator style through the comparison of two Italian translations of H. P. Lovecraft’sAt the Mountains of Madness. Using a corpus linguistic approach, this paper proposes a method for the identification of potential indicators of translator style based on key cluster analysis. Comparing the two translations with this method identifies which clusters – i.e., repeated sequences of words – are used more frequently by one translator compared to the other. The analysis shows that the two translators differ in their usage of some linguistic features, specifically Italian euphonic-d, locative clitics, and distal demonstratives, which are then analysed as stylistic divergences.
Adaptation and mitigation for combating climate change – from single to joint
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Yan Yan , Wang Chenxing , Tang Mingfang , Wu Gang , Ding Ding , Song Yang
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Adaptation and mitigation are two main approaches to combating climate change. Mitigation is considered as the most important tasks in dealing with climate change in scientific research, financial support and technical practices as global warming intensifies; while currently the warming trend still cannot be reversed, and adaptation task seemed to gain urgency although it is late-starting. The synergies and tradeoffs of these two strategies revealed increasingly importance on reducing adverse climate effects. Research on synergistic relationships has developed from definition and feasible analysis, to the development of quantitative tools and exploration in practice and application, though the latter aspect is still in its initial stage.

Outcomes/other:
Our review shows that the traits of mitigation and adaptation, the differences and similarities between them, then illustrate the significance and mechanism of their synergies and tradeoffs. And it is explained that methods and applications of single and integrated models, and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Discussion/ Conclusion:
We hold the opinion that the future research and applications should be enhanced in terms of four aspects: reinforcement of interrelations and common mechanisms between mitigation and adaptation actions study; building and improving the monitoring and evaluating systems; promoting departmental and regional scale investigations and applications; and establishing policy and security systems.
Condensins under the microscope
Authors: Maeshima Kazuhiro , Hibino Kayo , Hudson Damien F.
Published: April 2018

Condensins are key players in mitotic chromosome condensation. Using an elegant combination of state-of-the-art imaging techniques, Walther et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201801048) counted the number of Condensins, examined their behaviors on human mitotic chromosomes, and integrated the quantitative data to propose a new mechanistic model for chromosome condensation.
Haemodynamics, dyspnoea, and pulmonary reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Obokata Masaru , Olson Thomas P , Reddy Yogesh N V , Melenovsky Vojtech , Kane Garvan C , Borlaug Barry A
Published: April 2018

Aims

Increases in left ventricular filling pressure are a fundamental haemodynamic abnormality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, very little is known regarding how elevated filling pressures cause pulmonary abnormalities or symptoms of dyspnoea. We sought to determine the relationships between simultaneously measured central haemodynamics, symptoms, and lung ventilatory and gas exchange abnormalities during exercise in HFpEF.

Methods and results

Subjects with invasively-proven HFpEF (n = 50) and non-cardiac causes of dyspnoea (controls, n = 24) underwent cardiac catheterization at rest and during exercise with simultaneous expired gas analysis. During submaximal (20 W) exercise, subjects with HFpEF displayed higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP) and pulmonary artery pressures, higher Borg perceived dyspnoea scores, and increased ventilatory drive and respiratory rate. At peak exercise, ventilation reserve was reduced in HFpEF compared with controls, with greater dead space ventilation (higher VD/VT). Increasing exercise PCWP was directly correlated with higher perceived dyspnoea scores, lower peak exercise capacity, greater ventilatory drive, worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and impaired pulmonary ventilation reserve.

Conclusion

This study provides the first evidence linking altered exercise haemodynamics to pulmonary abnormalities and symptoms of dyspnoea in patients with HFpEF. Further study is required to identify the mechanisms by which haemodynamic derangements affect lung function and symptoms and to test novel therapies targeting exercise haemodynamics in HFpEF.
Isomorphisms Between Big Mapping Class Groups
Authors: Bavard Juliette , Dowdall Spencer , Rafi Kasra
Published: April 2018

We show that any isomorphism between mapping class groups of orientable infinite-type surfaces is induced by a homeomorphism between the surfaces. Our argument additionally applies to automorphisms between finite-index subgroups of these “big” mapping class groups and shows that each finite-index subgroup has finite outer automorphism group. As a key ingredient, we prove that all simplicial automorphisms between curve complexes of infinite-type orientable surfaces are induced by homeomorphisms.
Validation of previously reported predictors for radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy, a post hoc analysis from a Phase III randomized trial
Authors: Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Kitpanit Sarin , Prayongrat Anussara , Kannarunimit Danita , Netsawang Buntipa , Chakkabat Chakkapong
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to validate previously reported dosimetric parameters, including thyroid volume, mean dose, and percentage thyroid volume, receiving at least 40, 45 and 50 Gy (V40, V45 and V50), absolute thyroid volume spared (VS) from 45, 50 and 60 Gy (VS45, VS50 and VS60), and clinical factors affecting the development of radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RHT). A post hoc analysis was performed in 178 euthyroid nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients from a Phase III study comparing sequential versus simultaneous-integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy. RHT was determined by increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with or without reduced free thyroxin, regardless of symptoms. The median follow-up time was 42.5 months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year freedom from RHT rates were 78.4%, 56.4% and 43.4%, respectively. The median latency period was 21 months. The thyroid gland received a median mean dose of 53.5 Gy. Female gender, smaller thyroid volume, higher pretreatment TSH level (≥1.55 μU/ml) and VS60 < 10 cm3 were significantly associated with RHT in univariate analyses. Only pretreatment TSH ≥ 1.55 μU/ml and VS60 < 10 cm3 were significant predictors in multivariate analysis. Our results suggested that patients with pretreatment TSH ≥ 1.55 μU/ml should be cautious about the risk of RHT. The VS60 ≥ 10 cm3 is recommended for treatment planning.
eNetXplorer: an R package for the quantitative exploration of elastic net families for generalized linear models
Authors: Candia Julián , Tsang John S.
Published: April 2018

Background

Regularized generalized linear models (GLMs) are popular regression methods in bioinformatics, particularly useful in scenarios with fewer observations than parameters/features or when many of the features are correlated. In both ridge and lasso regularization, feature shrinkage is controlled by a penalty parameter λ. The elastic net introduces a mixing parameter α to tune the shrinkage continuously from ridge to lasso. Selecting α objectively and determining which features contributed significantly to prediction after model fitting remain a practical challenge given the paucity of available software to evaluate performance and statistical significance.

Results

eNetXplorer builds on top of glmnet to address the above issues for linear (Gaussian), binomial (logistic), and multinomial GLMs. It provides new functionalities to empower practical applications by using a cross validation framework that assesses the predictive performance and statistical significance of a family of elastic net models (as α is varied) and of the corresponding features that contribute to prediction. The user can select which quality metrics to use to quantify the concordance between predicted and observed values, with defaults provided for each GLM. Statistical significance for each model (as defined by α) is determined based on comparison to a set of null models generated by random permutations of the response; the same permutation-based approach is used to evaluate the significance of individual features. In the analysis of large and complex biological datasets, such as transcriptomic and proteomic data, eNetXplorer provides summary statistics, output tables, and visualizations to help assess which subset(s) of features have predictive value for a set of response measurements, and to what extent those subset(s) of features can be expanded or reduced via regularization.

Conclusions

This package presents a framework and software for exploratory data analysis and visualization. By making regularized GLMs more accessible and interpretable, eNetXplorer guides the process to generate hypotheses based on features significantly associated with biological phenotypes of interest, e.g. to identify biomarkers for therapeutic responsiveness. eNetXplorer is also generally applicable to any research area that may benefit from predictive modeling and feature identification using regularized GLMs.

Availability and implementation

The package is available under GPL-3 license at the CRAN repository, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=eNetXplorer