bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acolhimento com classificação de risco na unidade de pronto atendimento: um relato de experiência
Authors: Feitosa Maria Mônica , Silva Iasmim Caroline Gomes , Costa Rayane Teresa da Silva , Andrade Itaisa Cardoso Fernandes de , Souza Neto Vinicius Lino de , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de uma atividade prática de estudantes de enfermagem no processo de acolhimento com classificação de risco em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA). Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado em uma UPA, no Nordeste do Brasil, no mês de maio de 2014. Resultados: foi possível compreender o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro na unidade e desenvolver atividades de educação em saúde aos usuários quanto à dinâmica da unidade e à prática do acolhimento por classificação de risco. O desenvolvimento da ação se realizou de forma sistemática e humanizada, para diminuir o tempo de espera dos usuários. Entre as dificuldades encontradas estavam a superlotação, estrutura física incipiente, falta de recursos de materiais, entre outros. Conclusão: a vivência permitiu aos estudantes refletirem sobre a prática do acolhimento com classificação de risco e entender o papel do enfermeiro como agente transformador nesse processo.
Vantagens e usos do teste rápido molecular para tuberculose: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Andrade Daniela Furtado Rodrigues , Carvalho Mariana Lustosa de , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de , Sousa Marcos André Siqueira de , Sá Laís Carvalho de , Benício Araújo Érica Juliana
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: investigar na literatura as vantagens e usos do teste rápido molecular para diagnóstico da tuberculose. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com condução da questão norteadora elaborada por meio da estratégia PICO (P=Paciente ou Problema, I=Intervenção, C=Comparação ou controle, O=Outcomes ou desfechos). Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados BVS, LILACS, MEDLINE e Science Direct com artigos disponíveis na integra, de forma eletrônica publicados entre 2008-2015. Resultados: o teste molecular Gene Xpert, atualmente disponibilizado para o diagnóstico da tuberculose, tem a capacidade de detectar a presença do bacilo causador da doença e identificar se a bactéria tem resistência a rifampicina, em duas horas, além de maior sensibilidade e especificidade em relação à baciloscopia. Conclusões: o teste rápido molecular para o diagnóstico de tuberculose foi bem aceito principalmente pela agilidade, constituindo uma forma mais eficaz de controle da doença, possibilitando início mais rápido do tratamento, sendo importante para minimizar a disseminação da doença.
O papel do Enfermeiro no cuidado à puérpera
Authors: Prigol Ana Paula , Baruffi Lenir Maria
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: identificar o papel do enfermeiro na transição puerperal nos contextos hospitalar e comunitário. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com nove enfermeiras das Estratégias de Saúde da Família e da maternidade do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo do município de Passo Fundo-Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a agosto de 2014, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. As falas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: os resultados foram discutidos a partir das categorias: cuidados de enfermagem à puérpera e ao recém-nascido no hospital; extensão do cuidado na Estratégia de Saúde da Família; a visita domiciliar no puerpério; e a escuta e a orientação pelo Enfermeiro no puerpério. Conclusão: diante da importância das ações desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro durante o período puerperal, é imprescindível que tome seu espaço de atuação, para que a assistência se torne mais qualificada.
Gerenciamento da equipe de enfermagem: fatores associados à satisfação do trabalho
Authors: Silveira Cristiana Dias , Bessa Amanda Trindade Teixeira de , Paes Graciele Oroski , Stipp Marluci Andrade Conceição
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar prioridades asignadas por equipo de enfermería relacionadas a factores asociados a satisfacción del trabajo y analizar la influencia de estos factores en la asistencia de enfermeríaa en diferentes gestiones. Estudio descriptivo-transversal, con 239 miembros del equipo de enfermería de hospital privado en Rio de Janeiro. Se aplicó formulario relacionado con la satisfacción en el trabajo y los datos fueron analizados por el software Statistica y test de proporciones bicaudal. Se constató igualdad en las prioridades asignadas por el equipo en las diferentes gestiones y similitud en la mayoría de los atributos en la tendencia de la distribución porcentual como: recursos materiales, salarios, relación con compañeros de trabajo/liderazgo, reconocimiento de la labor realizada y gustar de lo que haces. Compete a los gerentes y líderes encontrar alternativas que favorezcan la motivación, tales como: revisión de políticas internas, establecer planes de posiciones/incentivos, ofrecer feedback para empleados con objetivo de satisfacer expectativas, obtener mejoras en relaciones interpersonales, entre otras.
Relación entre el grado de satisfacción y el nivel de estrés identificado en padres y madres con hijos ingresados en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal
Authors: Sánchez Veracruz Mª José , Leal Costa César , Pastor Rodríguez Jesús David , Díaz Agea José Luis
Published: July 2017

Objetivos: Identificar la relación existente entre el grado de estrés y el nivel de satisfacción, y analizar qué aspectos influyen en la percepción de estrés general en los padres y madres con hijos ingresados en UCIN.
Método. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado sobre una muestra de 24 madres/padres. Como instrumentos de evaluación se utilizaron un cuestionario de variables sociobiodemográficas  elaborado “ad hoc”, la escala de estrés parental: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal (PSS: NICU) y el cuestionario sobre la calidad de la atención hospitalaria (SERVQHOS).
Resultados. Se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre algunas variables sociobiodemográficas y las dimensiones de la escala PSS: NICU y del cuestionario SERVQHOS. Las variables que mejor predijeron el estrés general fueron las dimensiones Aspecto y comportamiento del recién nacido (AC) y papel de la madre (PM)  (R2 = 0,357; F (2,21) = 5,822; p = 0,010).
Conclusiones. Promover una adecuada comunicación entre los profesionales y los padres/madres con hijos ingresados en una UCIN, hace que aumente en ellos el grado de satisfacción; sin embargo, esto no provoca una disminución del estrés general. Las variables que más influyen sobre los niveles de estrés general son las alteraciones en el aspecto/comportamiento del bebé y el  papel de la madre.
Relatos de vida e fotografia de pacientes sedados em UTI: estratégia de humanização possível?
Authors: Da Silva Ribeiro Cristina Aparecida Pereira , Trovo Monica Martins , Puggina Ana Cláudia
Published: July 2017

bjetivos: (1) Identificar la influencia del contexto del paciente sedado a través de las historias de vida y fotografía en la percepción del  cuidar del personal de enfermería y (2) evaluar la intervención que se propone como una estrategia de humanización para cuidar al paciente sedado.
Método: Investigación cualitativa de intervención con 43 profesionales del equipo de enfermería de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La colecta de datos consistió en una entrevista previa, la intervención (fijación de los cuadros de los pacientes sedados en la cabecera y orientación para que los profesionales los leyesen; la intervención duró 10 días) y entrevista posterior a la intervención. Tres cuadros fueron fijados, que contenían las fotos y las historias de vida de los pacientes planteadas por sus familias.
Resultados: En la pre-intervención, los discursos mostraron que la interacción verbal aporta una mayor seguridad durante el cuidado, hay razones para la preferencia del cuidado de los pacientes inconscientes, como el reto de la complejidad y la recompensa de la recuperación, como la no disponibilidad para cumplir con las solicitudes frecuentesdel paciente, la atención se valora independientemente del nivel de conciencia, el conocimiento sobre los aspectos de la vida del paciente mejora el compromiso y existe la preocupación de no juzgar al paciente y rescatar lo mejor del otro. En la post-intervención se encontró que el contexto del paciente rescató elementos importantes para el cuidado como la emoción, promoviendo sensibilidad, el despertar de la empatía con la contextualización, la implicación y el compromiso con el cuidado, por otra parte era evidente el conflicto entre el cambio actitud y salir a la defensiva.
Conclusión: La intervención propuesta ha sido validada como una estrategia para humanizar la atención de los pacientes sedados.
Diagrama de flujo para prevención secundaria de la obesidad según el origen del problema: P.E.I.C. “Bimbela”
Authors: Bimbela Serrano María Teresa
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Elaboración de un diagrama de flujo que permita al profesional de Atención Primaria llevar a cabo la toma de decisiones con el paciente obeso, en función del origen del problema.
Material y Métodos: Partiendo de las premisas de Virginia Henderson sobre los factores que influyen en la independencia de los pacientes para cubrir sus necesidades básicas: falta de fuerza (no puede), falta de voluntad (no quiere) o falta de conocimientos (no sabe); se ha elaborado un diagrama de decisión según “el origen del problema”: “Proyecto Educativo Integral Comunitario (P.E.I.C.) Bimbela”.
Resultados: Se captaron aquellos casos con criterios de inclusión compatibles con un programa dietoterápico no farmacológico para pacientes obesos adultos en la consulta de Enfermería Comunitaria. Se desarrolló entre Enero 2012 y Diciembre 2013 (96 semanas).
Conclusión: El diagrama de flujo permite facilitar la toma de decisiones en  Atención Primaria, logrando una buena adherencia al programa de adelgazamiento y mantenimiento de peso.
Entrevista: Estado actual de los estudios de Orientalística en España.
Authors: Núñez Martínez Ana María
Published: July 2017

Nos encontramos ante una entrevista sobre el Estado de los estudios de Orientalística en España, en donde nos encontramos un avance desde los últimos diez, quince años, porque hasta la fecha no existía aquí ningún investigador que se dedicase al mundo mesopotámico o egipcio, sí que los había dedicados al mundo que rodeaba la Biblia, por ejemplo el ugarítico, e incluso el fenicio, pero lo que es la parte mesopotámica, de Egipto, de Irán, no ha habido tradición en España de ninguna clase y entonces ha sido desde hace diez o quince años que la universidad española ha empezado a abrirse un poco más hacia el exterior, de esta temática es esta entrevista.
Los mecenas de Pozo Estrecho.
Authors: García Lorca Santiago
Published: July 2017

Nos encontramos ante un breve estudio en el cual nos explicara los mecenas de la parroquia de San Fulgencio de Pozo Estrecho, en cuya cúpula principal aparecen los rostros de los cuatro santos de Cartagena: San Fulgencio, San Leandro, Santa Florentina, y San Isidoro. Bajo las pinturas de los rostros se pueden leer los nombres de los santos, y encima de cada uno de los rostros, encerrado cada uno en una circunferencia, es donde observamos los nombres de los supuestos mecenas tras su proceso de restauración.
Metrópolis (Lang, 1926), reflexión expresionista de su tiempo.
Authors: Narváez Torregrosa Daniel C.
Published: July 2017

Nos encontramos ante un breve estudio del expresionismo artístico en la posguerra (1919-1933),etapa que fue muy fecunda. De tal modo que al referirse a este movimiento habría que hablar más bien de forma de vivir, sino que se adentra en la arquitectura y el diseño -la Bauhaus- la literatura, en todos sus géneros bajo la influencia de la Worttrunkheit, nuevo estilo del que bebieron Kafka, Döblin y otros.
Accurate external localization of the left frontal cortex in dogs by using pointer based frameless neuronavigation
Authors: Dockx Robrecht , Peremans Kathelijne , Duprat Romain , Vlerick Lise , Van Laeken Nick , Saunders Jimmy H. , Polis Ingeborgh , De Vos Filip , Baeken Chris
Published: July 2017

Background

In humans, non-stereotactic frameless neuronavigation systems are used as a topographical tool for non-invasive brain stimulation methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS studies in dogs may provide treatment modalities for several neuropsychological disorders in dogs. Nevertheless, an accurate non-invasive localization of a stimulation target has not yet been performed in this species.

Hypothesis

This study was primarily put forward to externally locate the left frontal cortex in 18 healthy dogs by means of a human non-stereotactic neuronavigation system. Secondly, the accuracy of the external localization was assessed.

Animals

A total of 18 healthy dogs, drawn at random from the research colony present at the faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Ghent University), were used.

Methods

Two sets of coordinates (X, Y, Z and X″, Y″, Z″) were compared on each dog their tomographical dataset.

Results

The non-stereotactic neuronavigation system was able to externally locate the frontal cortex in dogs with accuracy comparable with human studies.

Conclusion and clinical importance

This result indicates that a non-stereotactic neuronavigation system can accurately externally locate the left frontal cortex and paves the way to use guided non-invasive brain stimulation methods as an alternative treatment procedure for neurological and behavioral disorders in dogs. This technique could, in analogy with human guided non-invasive brain stimulation, provide a better treatment outcome for dogs suffering from anxiety disorders when compared to its non-guided alternative.
Instabilities and finger formation in replacement fronts driven by an oversaturated solution
Authors: Kondratiuk Paweł , Tredak Hanna , Upadhyay Virat , Ladd Anthony J. C. , Szymczak Piotr
Published: July 2017

We consider a simple model of infiltration‐driven mineral replacement, in which the chemical coupling between precipitation and dissolution leads to the appearance of a reaction front advancing into the system. Such fronts are usually accompanied by a local increase of porosity. We analyze the linear stability of the replacement front to establish whether such a localized porosity increase can lead to global instability and pattern formation in these systems. We find that for a wide range of control parameters such fronts are unstable. However, both short‐ and long‐wavelength perturbations are stabilized, whereas in a purely dissolutional instability only short wavelengths are stable. We analyze the morphologies of the dissolution patterns emerging in the later stages of the evolution of the system, when the dynamics are beyond the linear regime. Implications of these results for the natural systems are discussed, particularly in the context of karst formation in terra rossa‐covered carbonate bedrock.
N
igeria, Corrections in
Authors: Boateng Francis D.
Published: July 2017

Contemporary prisons in Nigeria are in a deplorable state and constantly violate the rights of the prisoners. Living conditions are appalling and damaging to the physical and mental well‐being of inmates. Overcrowding, poor sanitation, lack of food and medicine, and denial of contact with families and friends mean that conditions fall short of the United Nations standards for the treatment of prisoners. Overcrowding, a major issue with the Nigeria Prisons Service, is mainly caused by the high number of inmates who have not been tried by the courts. Though rehabilitation ideals are well embraced by practitioners and policymakers in Nigeria, current efforts to reform and rehabilitate offenders are inadequate and obsolete.
P
rison
L
itigation
R
eform
A
ct (1996)
Authors: Dodson Kimberly D.
Published: July 2017

The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) was passed by the US Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It was designed to reduce the amount of prison litigation and limit the involvement of the federal courts in the operations of state prison systems. Proponents of the PLRA claimed that it was a necessary step to reduce the number of frivolous lawsuits filed by prisoners because of the costs associated with these claims. Opponents of the PLRA countered that it placed an undue burden on inmate‐litigants to file legitimate claims regarding violations of their constitutional rights.
K
wan
L
i
S
o
N
o. 22
Authors: Xin Yanyu
Published: July 2017

Built in the 1960s and closed down in 2012, Kwan Li So No. 22 was a maximum security camp that imprisoned political prisoners and their families in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Those who fled from the DPRK reported that prisoners in the camp suffered cruel punishments, including starvation, beatings, torture, and executions. They were forced to work all day to produce food, clothes, and other products. Prisoners in Kwan Li So No. 22 had little hope of escaping alive.
Girl Scouts beyond Bars
Authors: Colanese Jennifer A.
Published: July 2017

The Girl Scouts Beyond Bars (GSBB) program is an institution‐based enhanced visiting program for incarcerated mothers and their daughters. Established in 1992 in a partnership between the Girl Scouts of the USA and the National Institute of Justice, GSBB seeks to address the particular needs of both populations through regular meetings facilitated by a Girl Scouts approved facilitator. Common issues covered by suggested program curricula include building self‐esteem, prosocial decision‐making, and other life skills training. Currently, the program is offered in more than 30 Girl Scouts councils across the United States. The program routinely garners federal financial assistance. A couple of key academic studies in the late 1990s focused on the program.
MagnaCarta
Authors: Hinch Ronald
Published: July 2017

Magna Carta was issued by King John on June 15, 1215 at Runnymede, England. It has been upheld as a document proclaiming the principles of individual liberty and establishing limits on governmental authority and power. It was created within the context of a long‐standing three‐way struggle between the Catholic Church, the Kings of England, and English nobility but has implications beyond that struggle. The most important clauses of Magna Carta were clauses that led to acknowledgement that governments as well as ordinary citizens were subject to the rule of law, recognition of the right to a trial by one's peers, and development of the notion of due process. While little of the original Magna Carta remains intact, and for much of its history it was ignored by the monarchs who kept reissuing or updating it, it has played a major role in the development of concepts of justice ever since. Contemporary definitions of human rights and the laws protecting these rights have been shaped by Magna Carta.
Impact of Maternal Incarceration on Children
Authors: Sandifer Jacquelyn L.
Published: July 2017

Children with incarcerated mothers have been identified as one of the most vulnerable and at risk populations in the United States. They are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes as their mother's incarceration exacerbates the level of risk often acknowledged for all children of incarcerated parents. Maternal incarceration is a unique and intensifying risk factor as mothers are more likely than fathers to be children's primary parent and more likely to be economically disadvantaged before, during, and after incarceration. When fathers are incarcerated, children usually remain with their mothers. When mothers are incarcerated, children are separated from their mother and child‐rearing responsibilities are transferred to an alternative parent, most often a grandmother. Impacts of maternal incarceration include attachment disruption, family structure disruption and reorganization, caregiver stress, and financial strain. Recent research finds impacts from maternal incarceration – such as a multigenerational crime and incarceration effect, damaged mother–child attachment, mental health issues, diminished school performance, and delinquent behavior – to be more powerful than the impacts of paternal incarceration.
Houses of Refuge
Authors: Garcia Venessa
Published: July 2017

Established in 1825, Houses of Refuge were designed to reform wayward and delinquent children, saving them from pauperism and a life of crime in urban society. Based on the philosophy that education and supervised labor under a regimented schedule would achieve the reform, Houses of Refuge soon fell into the familiar position of abusing authority and children and creating more damage than positive social change. After abuse was uncovered and landmark decisions were made by the Supreme Court, Houses of Refuge fell out of favor, soon to be replaced by the first juvenile courts.
Jailhouse Lawyers
Authors: Gilmore Elizabeth L. , Buckler Kevin G.
Published: July 2017

Jailhouse lawyers provide an important legal service to other inmates. A jailhouse lawyer is an inmate with legal expertise who files his own legal documents or aids other inmates in the legal process. The US Supreme Court has long held that prison officials must provide the means by which inmates will have “meaningful” access to the courts. The Court has not, however, specifically defined how states are to do so, and have, instead, narrowly tailored its decisions to allow prison administrators discretion in meeting this requirement. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and the Prison Litigation Reform Act independently present significant barriers to inmates who seek to advance legal claims.
Garland,David
Authors: Daems Tom
Published: July 2017

David Garland (1955–) is a Scottish criminologist who is widely considered one of the world's leading thinkers on crime and punishment. He is particularly well known for his contribution to developing and popularizing the sociology of punishment. He has received a great number of awards and other forms of recognition for his work, including the Sellin–Glueck (1993), Michael J. Hindelang (2012) and Edwin H. Sutherland (2012) awards from the American Society of Criminology. He is currently Arthur T. Vanderbilt Professor of Law, as well as Professor of Sociology at New York University.
Juvenile Death Penalty
Authors: Maier Shana L.
Published: July 2017

From 1990 to 2005, the United States surpassed all but one other country in the number of juvenile executions. However, inRoper v. Simmons(2005), the Supreme Court ruled that the juvenile death penalty was a violation of one's Eighth Amendment rights. Prior court cases concluded that the death penalty could be implemented on anyone age 16 years of age or older. The rationale in the Supreme Court's decision to abolish the juvenile death penalty focused on juveniles' lack of culpability, owing to less developed decision‐making capabilities, impulsivity, and inability to understand consequences. Despite international doctrine prohibiting the juvenile death penalty, the practice persists in a few countries.
Justice Reinvestment
Authors: Webb Megan
Published: July 2017

Justice reinvestment is a relatively new idea in the United States and beyond. The main idea behind it is that funds spent primarily on incarceration should be reinvested in community level development focused on slowing the future growth of the inmate population. A justice reinvestment approach generally follows four main stages, ending in an evaluation to examine impact. Justice reinvestment approaches have been successfully implemented in numerous
US
states and have gained international support and attention. Today, federal, state, and local agencies, as well as many prominent non‐profit organizations, continue to research the study, practice and potential impact for future justice reinvestment projects.
Juvenile Detention and Placement Facilities
Authors: Feintuch Sophie
Published: July 2017

Juvenile detention and placement facilities are residential centers for youth who are awaiting trial and for youthful offenders. Facilities differ greatly between countries, and sometimes even within the same juvenile justice system in terms of security, size, ownership, locations, services, and aims. They include training schools, correctional facilities, group homes, shelters, and wilderness camps. Many provide a range of educational, vocational, and therapeutic services to support rehabilitation. In principle, these facilities accommodate youth unfit for alternatives. However, critics have highlighted the overuse of juvenile detention and residential placement facilities, together with their poor conditions and unproven effectiveness.
Hitler:MeinKampf
Authors: McCormack Philip D. , Clarke Kaitlyn
Published: July 2017

Mein Kampfis a two‐volume book written by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler during his stay in 1924 in Landsberg Prison for the crime of high treason. The book, which is filled with autobiographical anecdotes, political propaganda, and antisemitic speech, helped provide the support needed for the Nazi party to gain political control of the German state leading up to World War II. The book was also a financial success, netting Hitler and the party millions, while inciting violence due to its nationalist depiction of, and answer to, the “Jewish Question.”
Iran, Corrections in
Authors: Alasti Sanaz , Bronson Eric
Published: July 2017

Iran's secular criminal justice system was formed under the Pahlavi dynasty and its two monarchs, Reza Shah (1925–41) and Mohammad Reza Shah (1941–79). After 1926, prison conditions improved and facilities were modernized. The first large penitentiary was erected in Tehran in 1929. The 1979 Islamic Revolution brought an end to the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–79). The Iranian Supreme Judicial Council issued a proclamation to all courts, directing that all non‐Islamic legislation was suspended. After the 1980s, the former rehabilitative approach of the secular government was replaced with a punitive system. Iran's Prisons Organization operates under the judiciary. The latest administrative code governing prisons was adopted in 2005. This regulatory code has six classifications for places in which prisoners are to be held: detention centers, admission centers, closed prisons, semi‐closed prisons, open prisons, affiliated industrial and agricultural institutions, and juvenile correctional facilities. As of December 2014, Iranian prisons contained 225,624 prisoners, a ratio of 290 per 100,000 of the national population.
[4]Helicene–Squalene Fluorescent Nanoassemblies for Specific Targeting of Mitochondria in Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Babič Andrej , Pascal Simon , Duwald Romain , Moreau Dimitri , Lacour Jérôme , Allémann Eric
Published: July 2017

Ester, amide, and directly linked composites of squalene and cationic diaza [4]helicenes 1 are readily prepared. These lipid‐dye constructs 2, 3, and 4 give in aqueous media monodispersed spherical nanoassemblies around 100–130 nm in diameter with excellent stability for several months. Racemic and enantiopure nanoassemblies of compound 2 are fully characterized, including by transmission electron microscope and cryogenic transmission electron microscope imaging that did not reveal higher order supramolecular structures. Investigations of their (chir)optical properties show red absorption maxima ≈600 nm and red fluorescence spanning up to the near‐infrared region, with average Stokes shifts of 1350–1550 cm−1. Live‐cell imaging by confocal microscopy reveals rapid internalization on the minute time scale and organelle‐specific accumulation. Colocalization with MitoTracker in several cancer cell lines demonstrates a specific staining of mitochondria by the [4]helicene–squalene nanoassemblies. To our knowledge, it is the first report of a subcellular targeting by squalene‐based nanoassemblies.
Switching Colloidal Superstructures by Critical Casimir Forces
Authors: Nguyen Truc A. , Newton Arthur , Veen Sandra J. , Kraft Daniela J. , Bolhuis Peter G. , Schall Peter
Published: July 2017

Recent breakthroughs in colloidal synthesis promise the bottom‐up assembly of superstructures on nano‐ and micrometer length scales, offering molecular analogues on the colloidal scale. However, a structural control similar to that in supramolecular chemistry remains very challenging. Here, colloidal superstructures are built and controlled using critical Casimir forces on patchy colloidal particles. These solvent‐mediated forces offer direct analogues of molecular bonds, allowing patch‐to‐patch binding with exquisite temperature control of bond strength and stiffness. Particles with two patches are shown to form linear chains undergoing morphological changes with temperature, resembling a polymer collapse under poor‐solvent conditions. This reversible temperature switching carries over to particles with higher valency, exhibiting a variety of patch‐to‐patch bonded structures. Using Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that the collapse results from the growing interaction range favoring close‐packed configurations. These results offer new opportunities for the active control of complex structures at the nano and micrometer scale, paving the way to novel temperature‐switchable materials.
Controlling Structural Anisotropy of Anisotropic 2D Layers in Pseudo‐1D/2D Material Heterojunctions
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Kedi , Suslu Aslihan , Yang Sijie , Cai Hui , Yano Aliya , Soignard Emmanuel , Aoki Toshihiro , March Katia , Shen Yuxia , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: July 2017

Chemical vapor deposition and growth dynamics of highly anisotropic 2D lateral heterojunctions between pseudo‐1D ReS2 and isotropic WS2 monolayers are reported for the first time. Constituent ReS2 and WS2 layers have vastly different atomic structure, crystallizing in anisotropic 1T′ and isotropic 2H phases, respectively. Through high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and angle‐resolved Raman spectroscopy, this study is able to provide the very first atomic look at intimate interfaces between these dissimilar 2D materials. Surprisingly, the results reveal that ReS2 lateral heterojunctions to WS2 produce well‐oriented (highly anisotropic) Re‐chains perpendicular to WS2 edges. When vertically stacked, Re‐chains orient themselves along the WS2 zigzag direction, and consequently, Re‐chains exhibit six‐fold rotation, resulting in loss of macroscopic scale anisotropy. The degree of anisotropy of ReS2 on WS2 largely depends on the domain size, and decreases for increasing domain size due to randomization of Re‐chains and formation of ReS2 subdomains. Present work establishes the growth dynamics of atomic junctions between novel anisotropic/isotropic 2D materials, and overall results mark the very first demonstration of control over anisotropy direction, which is a significant leap forward for large‐scale nanomanufacturing of anisotropic systems.
Highly Nanoporous Nickel Cobaltite Hexagonal Nanostructure‐Graphene Composites for the Next Generation Energy Storage/Conversion Devices
Authors: Annamalai Kundrakudi Ponsubramanian , Liu Lile , Tao Yousheng
Published: July 2017

The design and assembly of innovative heterostructures comprising of multifunctional properties are technically important for the applications in efficient energy devices. Here, a novel method is reported to construct hierarchical nanostructures as functional materials for the fabrication of high‐performance energy devices. Optimized conditions and extensive spectroscopic studies are performed to understand the morphology evolution. Tunable structure, richer redox active sites, enhanced mass storage, and fast electron transfer cumulatively ensure the tremendous energy storage competence. Resultant active nanomaterials of nickel cobaltite‐graphene coupled with nanoporous graphene‐single wall carbon nanohorns composites exhibit extraordinary energy density of 70.5 Wh kg−1. Meanwhile, this nickel cobaltite‐graphene is also recognized as a prominent water oxidation catalyst, which requires low overpotential of 220 mV to afford 20 mA cm−2 current density. High performance with availability, low cost, and subtle structural distinction acknowledge that the present approach is a promising direction in pursuit of replacing precious metals in energy storage and conversion technologies.
An Effective Strategy to Construct Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Li Bijin , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: July 2017

The fabrication of highly efficient deep‐blue organic light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (OLEFETs) remains a challenge due to the large energy bandgap of deep‐blue emitters. In this work, an effective strategy is developed by combining an ambipolar charge transport material with an efficient deep‐blue fluorescent emitter that features the hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited state character in a trilayer device architecture. The ambipolar nature of charge transport material endows the device with a relatively high hole–electron recombination efficiency, while the HLCT excited state character of the emitter offers the device a high singlet exciton yield. The device exhibits a maximum brightness of 710 cd m−2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.28%, which is the first example of deep‐blue OLEFETs. Unlike conventional OLEFETs, the devices presented herein display high EQEs during almost the entire illumination. The EQE of device at the maximum brightness reaches 0.20%, which is the highest value among the reported blue OLEFETs. Moreover, the device exhibits an excellent color purity with a sharp emission peak at 445 nm, a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 58 nm, and a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) that is very close to the National Television System Committee standard blue (0.14, 0.08).
Na‐Ion Batteries for Large Scale Applications: A Review on Anode Materials and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation
Authors: Muñoz‐Márquez Miguel Ángel , Saurel Damien , Gómez‐Cámer Juan Luis , Casas‐Cabanas Montse , Castillo‐Martínez Elizabeth , Rojo Teófilo
Published: July 2017

The urgent need for optimizing the available energy through smart grids and efficient large‐scale energy storage systems is pushing the construction and deployment of Li‐ion batteries in the MW range which, in the long term, are expected to hit the GW dimension while demanding over 1000 ton of positive active material per system. This amount of Li‐based material is equivalent to almost 1% of current Li consumption and can strongly influence the evolution of the lithium supply and cost. Given this uncertainty, it becomes mandatory to develop an energy storage technology that depends on almost infinite and widespread resources: Na‐ion batteries are the best technology for large‐scale applications. With small working cells in the market that cannot compete in cost ($/W h) with commercial Li‐ion batteries, the consolidation of Na‐ion batteries mainly depends on increasing their energy density and stability, the negative electrodes being at the heart of these two requirements. Promising Na‐based negative electrodes for large‐scale battery applications are reviewed, along with the study of the solid electrolyte interphase formed in the anode surface, which is at the origin of most of the stability problems.
Recent Progress in the Applications of Vanadium‐Based Oxides on Energy Storage: from Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials Synthesis to 3D Micro/Nano‐Structures and Free‐Standing Electrodes Fabrication
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Zhu Kongjun , Gao Yanfeng , Luo Hongjie , Lu Li
Published: July 2017

With revolutionary electric vehicles and the smart grid fast developing, more advanced energy storage technologies become quite crucial issues. Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) and Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) are considered as the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies. Low‐dimensional nano‐structural electrode materials can greatly increase the specific capacity, but they still suffer from poor cycling and rate performances due to their serious self‐aggregations. Constructing 3D structures, such as micro/nano‐structures and free‐standing electrodes, is a quite promising method to address the above issues. Such 3D structures can simultaneously avoid the disadvantages of low‐dimensional nanomaterials, and preserve their advantages. As one group of promising high‐capacity and low‐cost electrode materials, vanadium‐based oxides have exhibited an quite attractive electrochemical performance for energy storage applications in many novel works. However, their systematic reviews are quite limited, which is disadvantageous to their further development. Herein, this article provides an overview of vanadium‐based oxides in the applications of LIBs and NIBs by focusing mainly on the aspect from low‐dimensional nanomaterials synthesis to 3D micro/nano‐structures and free‐standing electrodes fabrication. Moreover, a feasible strategy to controllably fabricate the 3D micro/nano‐structure for the whole vanadium‐based oxides family is presented. Furthermore, and importantly, a quite promising solution method for the practical commercialized applications of vanadium oxides cathode materials in the future is proposed, i.e., fabricating the “vanadium oxides‐based cathode/solid electrolyte/Li metal anode‐type” all solid‐state secondary‐ion batteries.
Spontaneous imbibition of liquid in glass fiber wicks, Part II: Validation of a diffuse‐front model
Authors: F. Zarandi M. Amin , Pillai Krishna M.
Published: July 2017

In Part I (Zarandi MAF, Pillai KM. Spontaneous Imbibition of Liquids in Glass‐Fiber Wicks. Part I: Usefulness of a Sharp‐Front Approach. AIChE J, 64: 294–305, 2018), a model based on sharp liquid‐front was proposed where a good match with the experimental data was achieved. However, the model failed to account for partial saturations in the wicks. Here, Richard's equation to predict liquid saturation is tried where the equation is solved numerically in 3D using COMSOL and analytically in 1D using Mathematica for glass‐fiber wicks after treating them as transversely‐isotropic porous media. As a novel contribution, relative permeability and capillary pressure are determined directly from pore‐scale simulations in wick microstructure using the state‐of‐the‐art software GeoDict. The saturation along the wick length is determined experimentally through a new liquid‐N2 based freezing technique. After including the gravity effect, good agreements between the numerical/analytical predictions and experimental results are achieved in saturation distributions. We also validated the Richard's equation based model while predicting absorbed liquid‐mass into the wick as function of time. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 306–315, 2018
Oil jet with dispersant: Macro‐scale hydrodynamics and tip streaming
Authors: Zhao Lin , Gao Feng , Boufadel Michel C. , King Thomas , Robinson Brian , Lee Kenneth , Conmy Robyn
Published: July 2017

Modeling the movement of oil released underwater is a challenging task due to limitations in measuring the hydrodynamics in an oil‐water system. In this work, we conducted an experiment of horizontal release of oil without and with dispersant. The model VDROP‐J was used and compared to the model JETLAG, a miscible plume trajectory model. Both models were found to reproduce the oil jet hydrodynamics for oil without and with dispersant. The predicted DSD from VDROP‐J matched closely observation for untreated oil. For oil with dispersant, experimental results have shown evidence that tip streaming occurred. For this purpose, a new conceptual module was developed in VDROP‐J to capture the tip streaming phenomenon and an excellent match was achieved with observation. This study is the first to report tip streaming occurring in underwater oil jets, which should have consequences on predicting the DSD when dispersant are used on an underwater oil release. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of skin cancer by anatomical site in 25 000 male offshore petroleum workers
Authors: Stenehjem Jo Steinson , Robsahm Trude Eid , Bråtveit Magne , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Kirkeleit Jorunn , Grimsrud Tom Kristian
Published: July 2017

Background

We prospectively examined skin cancer risk according to occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons with adjustment for ultraviolet radiation exposure, in a cohort of 24 917 male offshore petroleum workers.

Methods

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with Cox regression adapted to a stratified case‐cohort design.

Results

During 13.5 years of follow‐up, 112 cutaneous melanomas (CMs) and 70 non‐melanoma skin cancers were identified. Increased risks of CM and of squamous cell carcinoma on the forearm and hand were seen among those ever exposed to crude oil or benzene. For skin cancers of the forearm and hand combined, cumulative and duration metrics of benzene exposure showed Ptrends of 0.031 and 0.003, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results support an association between exposure to crude oil or benzene and skin cancer risk on hands and forearms among offshore petroleum workers. Dermal uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or benzene may explain this association.
A novel microduplication of ARID1B: Clinical, genetic, and proteomic findings
Authors: Seabra Catarina M. , Szoko Nicholas , Erdin Serkan , Ragavendran Ashok , Stortchevoi Alexei , Maciel Patrícia , Lundberg Kathleen , Schlatzer Daniela , Smith Janice , Talkowski Michael E. , Gusella James F. , Natowicz Marvin R.
Published: July 2017

Genetic alterations of ARID1B have been recently recognized as one of the most common mendelian causes of intellectual disability and are associated with both syndromic and non‐syndromic phenotypes. The ARID1B protein, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF‐A, is involved in the regulation of transcription and multiple downstream cellular processes. We report here the clinical, genetic, and proteomic phenotypes of an individual with a unique apparent de novo mutation of ARID1B due to an intragenic duplication. His neurodevelopmental phenotype includes a severe speech/language disorder with full scale IQ scores 78–98 and scattered academic skill levels, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of ARID1B mutations. Haploinsufficiency of ARID1B was determined both by RNA sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis supported an intragenic localization of the ARID1B copy number gain. Principal component analysis revealed marked differentiation of the subject's lymphoblast proteome from that of controls. Of 3426 proteins quantified, 1014 were significantly up‐ or down‐regulated compared to controls (q < 0.01). Pathway analysis revealed highly significant enrichment for canonical pathways of EIF2 and EIF4 signaling, protein ubiquitination, tRNA charging and chromosomal replication, among others. Network analyses revealed down‐regulation of: (1) intracellular components involved in organization of membranes, organelles, and vesicles; (2) aspects of cell cycle control, signal transduction, and nuclear protein export; (3) ubiquitination and proteosomal function; and (4) aspects of mRNA synthesis/splicing. Further studies are needed to determine the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms by which constitutional haploinsufficiency of ARID1B causes syndromic and non‐syndromic developmental disabilities.
Aerobic Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidations in the Upgrading of Biorenewables: Oxidation of β‐Ionone and α‐Ionone
Authors: dos Santos Costa Maíra , de Meireles Augusto L. P. , Gusevskaya Elena V.
Published: July 2017

α‐Ionone and β‐ionone are natural products that are found in a variety of essential oils and are also produced synthetically on an industrial scale. Both ionones were selectively oxidized by molecular oxygen in the presence of chloride‐free Pd(OAc)2/para‐benzoquinone catalytic systems. Highly functionalized oxygenated terpenoids that were obtained in these new processes are potentially useful as ingredients in synthetic perfumes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. β‐Ionone (known as rose ketone) was converted into a single major product, whereas α‐ionone gave three isomeric products, all of which resulted from the allylic oxidation of their endocyclic double bonds. These processes operated with an efficient dioxygen‐coupled catalytic turnover under 5–10 atm pressure, in the absence of conventionally used metal‐redox‐active cocatalysts. Alternatively, the reactions could be efficiently conducted under atmospheric pressure in the presence of copper acetate to assist in the regeneration of BQ by molecular oxygen.
Self‐Templated Stepwise Synthesis of Monodispersed Nanoscale Metalated Covalent Organic Polymers for In Vivo Bioimaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Shi Yanshu , Deng Xiaoran , Bao Shouxin , Liu Bei , Liu Bin , Ma Ping'an , Cheng Ziyong , Pang Maolin , Lin Jun
Published: July 2017

Size‐ and shape‐controlled growth of nanoscale microporous organic polymers (MOPs) is a big challenge scientists are confronted with; meanwhile, rendering these materials for in vivo biomedical applications is still scarce. In this study, a monodispersed nanometalated covalent organic polymer (MCOP, M=Fe, Gd) with sizes around 120 nm was prepared by a self‐templated two‐step solution‐phase synthesis method. The metal ions (Fe3+, Gd3+) played important roles in generating a small particle size and in the functionalization of the products during the reaction with p‐phenylenediamine (Pa). The resultant Fe‐Pa complex was used as a template for the subsequent formation of MCOP following the Schiff base reaction with 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp). A high tumor suppression efficiency for this Pa‐based COP is reported for the first time. This study demonstrates the potential use of MCOP as a photothermal agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) and also provides an alternative route to fabricate nano‐sized MCOPs.
Growth form evolution and hybridization in Senecio (Asteraceae) from the high equatorial Andes
Authors: Dušková Eva , Sklenář Petr , Kolář Filip , Vásquez Diana L. A. , Romoleroux Katya , Fér Tomáš , Marhold Karol
Published: July 2017

Changes in growth forms frequently accompany plant adaptive radiations, including páramo–a high‐elevation treeless habitat type of the northern Andes. We tested whether diverse group of Senecio inhabiting montane forests and páramo represented such growth form changes. We also investigated the role of Andean geography and environment in structuring genetic variation of this group. We sampled 108 populations and 28 species of Senecio (focusing on species from former genera Lasiocephalus and Culcitium) and analyzed their genetic relationships and patterns of intraspecific variation using DNA fingerprinting (AFLPs) and nuclear DNA sequences (ITS). We partitioned genetic variation into environmental and geographical components. ITS‐based phylogeny supported monophyly of a Lasiocephalus‐Culcitium clade. A grade of herbaceous alpine Senecio species subtended the Lasiocephalus‐Culcitium clade suggesting a change from the herbaceous to the woody growth form. Both ITS sequences and the AFLPs separated a group composed of the majority of páramo subshrubs from other group(s) comprising both forest and páramo species of various growth forms. These morphologically variable group(s) further split into clades encompassing both the páramo subshrubs and forest lianas, indicating independent switches among the growth forms and habitats. The finest AFLP genetic structure corresponded to morphologically delimited species except in two independent cases in which patterns of genetic variation instead reflected geography. Several morphologically variable species were genetically admixed, which suggests possible hybrid origins. Latitude and longitude accounted for 5%–8% of genetic variation in each of three AFLP groups, while the proportion of variation attributed to environment varied between 8% and 31% among them. A change from the herbaceous to the woody growth form is suggested for species of high‐elevation Andean Senecio. Independent switches between habitats and growth forms likely occurred within the group. Hybridization likely played an important role in species diversification.