bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northwestward cropland expansion and growing urea-based fertilizer use enhanced NH3 emission loss in the contiguous United States
Authors: Cao Peiyu , Lu Chaoqun , Zhang Jien , Khadilkar Avani
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The increasing demands of food and biofuel have promoted cropland
expansion and nitrogen (N) fertilizer enrichment in the United States over
the past century. However, the role of such long-term human activities in
influencing the spatiotemporal patterns of ammonia (NH3) emission
remains poorly understood. Based on an empirical model and time-series
gridded datasets including temperature, soil properties, N fertilizer
management, and cropland distribution history, we have quantified monthly fertilizer-induced NH3 emission across the contiguous US from 1900 to 2015. Our results show that N-fertilizer-induced NH3 emission in the US has increased from <50 Gg N yr−1 before the 1960s to 641 Gg N yr−1 in 2015, for which corn and spring wheat are the dominant contributors. Meanwhile, urea-based fertilizers gradually grew to the largest NH3 emitter and accounted for 78 % of the total increase
during 1960–2015. The factorial contribution analysis indicates that the
rising N fertilizer use rate dominated the NH3 emission increase since 1960, whereas the impacts of temperature, cropland distribution and
rotation, and N fertilizer type varied among regions and over periods.
Geospatial analysis reveals that the hot spots of NH3 emissions have
shifted from the central US to the Northern Great Plains from 1960 to 2015. The increasing NH3 emissions in the Northern Great Plains have been found to closely correlate to the elevated NH4+ deposition in this region over the last 3 decades. This study shows that April, May, and June
account for the majority of NH3 emission in a year. Interestingly, the
peak emission month has shifted from May to April since the 1960s. Our
results imply that the northwestward corn and spring wheat expansion and
growing urea-based fertilizer uses have dramatically altered the spatial
pattern and temporal dynamics of NH3 emission, impacting air pollution
and public health in the US.
Measurement report: Short-term variation in ammonia concentrations in an urban area increased by mist evaporation and emissions from a forest canopy with bird droppings
Authors: Osada Kazuo
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Local meteorological conditions and natural and anthropogenic sources affect atmospheric NH3 concentrations in urban areas. To investigate potential sources and processes of NH3 variation in urban areas, hourly NH3 and NH4+ concentrations were measured during November 2017–October 2019 in Nagoya, a central Japanese
megacity. Average NH3 concentrations are high in summer and low in
winter. Daily minimum NH3 concentrations are linearly correlated with
daily minimum air temperatures. By contrast, daily maximum NH3
concentrations increase exponentially with temperature, suggesting that
different nighttime and daytime processes and air temperatures affect
concentrations. Short-term increases in NH3 concentrations of two types were examined closely. Infrequent but large increases (11 parts per billion (ppb) for 2 h)
occurred after mist evaporation during daytime. During 2 years of
observations, only one event of this magnitude was identified in Nagoya,
although evaporation of mist and fog occurs frequently after rains. Also,
short-term increases occur with a large morning peak in summer. Amplitudes
of diurnal variation in NH3 concentration (daily maximum minus minimum)
were analyzed on days with nonwet and low wind conditions. Amplitudes were
small (ca. 2 ppb) in winter, but they increased from early summer along with
new leaf growth. Amplitudes peaked in summer (ca. 20 ppb) because of
droppings from hundreds of crows before roosting in trees on the campus.
High daily maximum NH3 concentrations were characterized by a rapid
increase occurring 2–4 h after local sunrise. In summer, peak NH3
concentrations at around 08:00 local time (LT) in sunny weather were greater than in cloudy
weather, suggesting that direct sunlight particularly boosts the morning
peak. Daily and seasonal findings related to the morning peak imply that
stomatal emission at the site causes the increase. Differences between daily amplitudes during the two summers was explained by the different input amounts of reactive nitrogen from bird droppings and rain, suggesting that bird droppings, a temporary rich source of NH3, affected the small forest canopy.
Estimation of pollen counts from light scattering intensity when sampling multiple pollen taxa –
Establishment of Automated Multi-taxa Pollen Counting Estimation System (AME System)
Authors: Miki Kenji , Kawashima Shigeto
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Laser optics have long been used in pollen counting systems. To clarify the limitations and potential new applications of laser optics for automatic pollen counting and discrimination, we determined the light scattering patterns of various pollen types, tracked temporal changes in these distributions, and introduced a new theory for automatic pollen discrimination. Our experimental results indicate that different pollen types often have different light scattering characteristics, as previous research has suggested. Our results also show that light scattering distributions did not undergo significant temporal changes. Further, we show that the concentration of two different types of pollen could be estimated separately from the total number of pollen grains by fitting the light scattering data to a probability density curve. These findings should help realize a fast and simple automatic pollen monitoring system.
Structural study of decrespignyite-(Y), a complex yttrium rare earth copper carbonate chloride, by three-dimensional electron and synchrotron powder diffraction
Authors: Rius Jordi , Colombo Fernando , Vallcorba Oriol , Torrelles Xavier , Gemmi Mauro , Mugnaioli Enrico
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The crystal structure of the mineral decrespignyite-(Y) from the
Paratoo copper mine (South Australia) has been obtained by applying δ recycling direct methods to 3D electron diffraction (ED) data followed by
Rietveld refinements of synchrotron data. The unit cell is a= 8.5462(2), c= 22.731(2) Å and V= 1437.8(2) Å3, and the chemical formula for Z=1 is
(Y10.35REE1.43Ca0.52Cu5.31)Σ17.61(CO3)14Cl2.21(OH)16.79⋅18.35H2O
(REE: rare earth elements). The ED data are compatible with the trigonal
P3‾m1 space group (no. 164) used for the structure solution (due to the
disorder affecting part of the structure, the possibility of a monoclinic
unit cell cannot completely be ruled out). The structure shows metal layers
perpendicular to [001], with six independent positions for Y, REE and Cu (sites
M1 to M4 are full, and sites M5 and M6 are partially vacant), and two other sites, Cu1 and
Cu2, partially occupied by Cu. One characteristic of decrespignyite is the
existence of hexanuclear (octahedral) oxo-hydroxo yttrium clusters
[Y6(μ6-O)(μ3-OH)8O24] (site M1) with
the 24 bridging O atoms belonging to two sets of symmetry-independent
(CO3)2− ions, with the first set (2×) along a ternary axis giving rise
to a layer of hexanuclear clusters and the second set (6×) tilted and
connecting the hexanuclear clusters with hetero-tetranuclear ones hosting
Cu, Y and REE (M2 and M3 sites). The rest of the crystal structure consists of
two consecutive M3 + M4 layers containing the partially occupied M5, M6, and
Cu2 sites and additional carbonate anions in between. The resulting
structure model is compatible with the chemical analysis of the type
material which is poorer in Cu and richer in (REE, Y) than the above-described
material.
Hierarchical sensitivity analysis for a large-scale process-based hydrological model applied to an Amazonian watershed
Authors: Liu Haifan , Dai Heng , Niu Jie , Hu Bill X. , Gui Dongwei , Qiu Han , Ye Ming , Chen Xingyuan , Wu Chuanhao , Zhang Jin , Riley William
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Sensitivity analysis methods have recently received much attention for identifying important uncertainty sources (or uncertain inputs) and improving
model calibrations and predictions for hydrological models. However, it is still challenging to apply the quantitative and comprehensive global
sensitivity analysis method to complex large-scale process-based hydrological models (PBHMs) because of its variant uncertainty sources and high
computational cost. Therefore, a global sensitivity analysis method that is capable of simultaneously analyzing multiple uncertainty sources of
PBHMs and providing quantitative sensitivity analysis results is still lacking. In an effort to develop a new tool for overcoming these weaknesses,
we improved the hierarchical sensitivity analysis method by defining a new set of sensitivity indices for subdivided parameters. A new binning
method and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) were implemented for estimating these new sensitivity indices. For test and demonstration purposes, this
improved global sensitivity analysis method was implemented to quantify three different uncertainty sources (parameters, models, and climate
scenarios) of a three-dimensional large-scale process-based hydrologic model (Process-based Adaptive Watershed Simulator, PAWS) with an application case in an ∼ 9000 km2
Amazon catchment. The importance of different uncertainty sources was quantified by sensitivity indices for two hydrologic outputs of interest:
evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater contribution to streamflow (QG). The results show that the parameters, especially the
vadose zone parameters, are the most important uncertainty contributors for both outputs. In addition, the influence of climate scenarios on
ET predictions is also important. Furthermore, the thickness of the aquifers is important for QG predictions, especially in
main stream areas. These sensitivity analysis results provide useful information for modelers, and our method is mathematically rigorous and can be
applied to other large-scale hydrological models.
New types of soliton solutions for space-time fractional cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation
Authors: Neirameh Ahmad , Eslami Mostafa , Mehdipoor Mostafa
Published: October 2020

New definitions for traveling wave transformation and using of new conformable fractional derivative for converting fractional nonlinear evolution equations into the ordinary differential equations are presented in this study. For this aim we consider the time and space fractional derivatives cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Then by using of the efficient and powerful method the exact traveling wave solutions of this equation are obtained. The new definition introduces a promising tool for solving many space-time fractional partial differential equations.
Topological degree methods for partial differential operators in generalized Sobolev spaces
Authors: Ait Hammou Mustapha , Azroul Elhoussine , Lahmi Badr
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this paper is to prove, by using the topological degree methods, the existence of solutions for nonlinear elliptic equation Au = f where Au  is partial dierential operators of general divergence form.
A new construction on the energy of space curves in unit vector fields in Minkowski space E₂⁴
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Demirkol Ridvan Cem
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we firstly introduce kinematics properties of a moving particle lying in Minkowski space E₂⁴. We assume that particles corresponds to different type of space curves such that they are characterized by Frenet frame equations. Guided by these, we present geometrical understanding of an energy and pseudo angle on the particle in each Frenet vector fields depending on the particle corresponds to a spacelike, timelike or lightlike curve in E₂⁴. Then we also determine the bending elastic energy functional for the same particle in E₂⁴ by assuming the particle has a bending feature of elastica. Finally, we prove that bending energy formula can be represented by the energy on the particle in each Frenet vector field.
Some common fixed point theorems for four self-mappings satisfying a general contractive condition
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sharma Rashmi , Araci Serkan
Published: October 2020

In the paper, we derive a general case for four weakly compatible self maps satisfying a general contractive condition due to the same method introduced by  Altun et al. [2]. We make use of such a study to prove common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible maps along with  E.A. and (CLR) properties.
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroup on the dual space of Gelfand-Shilov Spaces of Beurling type
Authors: Obiedat Hamed M. , Moyo Lloyd E.
Published: October 2020

We use a previously obtained topological characterization of Gelfand-Shilov spaces of Beurling type to characterize its dual  using Riesz representation theorem. Using the characterization of the dual space equipped with the weak topology, we study the action of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroup on the dual space.
Solution to linear KdV and nonLinear space fractional PDEs
Authors: Aghili Arman
Published: October 2020

In this work, the author will briefly discuss applications of the Fourier and Laplace transforms in the solution of certain singular integral equations and evaluation of integrals. By combining integral transforms and operational methods we get more powerful analytical tool for solving a wide class of linear or even non- linear fractional differential or fractional partial differential equation. Numerous examples and exercises occur throughout the paper.
New results on Blow-up of solutions for Emden-Fowler type degenerate wave equation with memory
Authors: Zennir Khaled , Georgiev Svetlin G.
Published: October 2020

In this article we consider a new class of a Emden-Fowler type semilinear degenerate wave equation with memory. The main contributions here is to show that the memory lets the global solutions of the degenerate problem still non-exist without any conditions on the nature of growth of the relaxation function. This is to extend the paper in \cite{L11} for the dissipative case.
Evaluation of the awareness of childhood cancers by general practitioners, family physicians and pediatricians
Authors: EZEL CELAKIL Mehtap , BERRAK Su Gulsun
Published: October 2020

Objective: Although, childhood cancer was considered as a deadly disease in the past, now it is considered as a life-threatening
chronic disease if diagnosed early. The present study evaluates how much the symptoms of childhood cancers are recognised by the
physicians in Istanbul, Turkey.
Materials and Methods: The objective of the study and the questionnaire form was explained to participants and they were asked
whether they would like to take part in the study. The questionnaire composed of two sections: 1. Investigated the sociodemographic
characteristics of the physicians and 2. Investigated the knowledge of the physicians on childhood cancers (leukaemia, solid tumour,
common questions). The physicians were given 2 points for every correct answer; wrong answers and answers such as “I have no idea”
were scored 0 points. Based on the correct answers given by all participants, the medians for every question group were calculated.
The measure of success was 75 percentile, which was calculated for each question group considering these median values.
Results: Examining the percentages of the correct answers to the questions, the best known were the leukaemia questions (74.6%)
and the less known were the solid tumour questions (57.1%). The physicians younger than 33 years, which was the mean age, gave
better answers to the leukaemia questions and the common questions. When the academic titles of participants were grouped as
pediatricians and other physicians, the leukaemia, solid tumour, common group and total points showed statistically high significant
differences.
Conclusion: Our study has revealed the need of our country for training programs aimed at increasing the awareness of general
practitioners working in primary health care institutions, as these institutions are the first reference centers for the pediatric patient
population. Childhood cancer awareness must be improved by implementing training programs which in turn will lead to early
diagnosis and referral to an appropriate specialist.
Potentiality of Islands Based Tourism in Bangladesh: A Qualitative View from Existing Literature
Authors: Roy Sanjoy Kumar , Salam Muhammad Abdus , Islam SM Nazrul , Al-Amin Md.
Published: October 2020

The research project is mainly developed to emphasize the development of potential areas in Bangladesh especially in the islands where the tourism sector can be incorporated to act as an income generator alongside the traditional earning opportunities. To place our thoughts of this emerging sector in island areas, we had reviewed some of the works from the earlier researchers of different regions of the world worked on different islands’ tourism developments. The result of our findings after examining those works by the researchers will provide us a clear understanding of how tourism can bring balance among environment, local community, and economy of the island areas of Bangladesh which can eventually ensure sustainability. There will be some recommendations as well as policies for enacting this new industry in the island areas in Bangladesh in the last section.
The Challenges Facing Arab Students with Learning Disabilities in Higher Education Institutions and the Role of Support Centers in Their Academic Functioning: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Olenik-Shemesh Dorit , Heiman Tali , Assaig Alla
Published: October 2020

The topic of support for students with learning disabilities (LD) has been studied to a considerable extent in recent years, due to the significant increase in the integration of students with learning disabilities in higher education institutions (HEI). However, there is hardly any research examining the support for students with learning disabilities in Israel’s Arab sector. The purpose of the current preliminary study is to examine whether support centers for students with learning disabilities assist Arab students with their learning and general academic functioning in Israeli higher education institutions. The study is qualitative, involving semi-structured interviews with eight Arab students diagnosed with learning disabilities studying at two institutions of higher education. Analysis of the interviews revealed four major themes: The double difficulty that students experience due to the fact that they are Arabs for whom Hebrew is a second language, and due to their learning disabilities; lower awareness of learning disabilities in the Arab sector in Israel; post-diagnosis relief; a sense of wellbeing satisfaction with the educational, social and occupational support provided, enabling them to study and succeed. The article addresses also to the limitations of the study as a primary study, along with recommendations for further research based on this preliminary study.
De aanpak van de COVID-19-epidemie: een juridische tussenbalans
Authors: Dute J.C.J.
Published: October 2020

De aanpak van de COVID-19-epidemie: een juridische tussenbalans

Voor de bestrijding van COVID-19 is de Wet publieke gezondheid van betrekkelijke betekenis gebleken. Met noodverordeningen is deze leemte opgevuld; deze schieten echter democratisch en grondrechtelijk tekort. Een nieuw hoofdstuk in de Wpg moet deze bezwaren ondervangen. De regeling laveert tussen slagvaardigheid en democratische controle.
De coronapandemie en de toegankelijkheid en kwaliteit van de zorg
Authors: Legemaate J.
Published: October 2020

De coronapandemie en de toegankelijkheid en kwaliteit van de zorg

De coronapandemie in het voorjaar van 2020 had grote gevolgen voor de toegankelijkheid en kwaliteit van de gezondheidszorg. In dit artikel worden enkele thema’s vanuit een juridisch perspectief besproken: het verbod op contactberoepen, het tegengaan van ziekenhuisopnames en het selecteren van patiënten bij een tekort aan IC-bedden.
ZAKRES PRZEDMIOTOWO-PODMIOTOWY PRZESTĘPCZOŚCI ZORGANIZOWANEJ
Authors: Bielawski Radosław
Published: October 2020

W artykule przedstawiono zasadnicze problemy dotyczące przestępczości zorganizowanej.
U podstaw prezentowanych rozważań legło założenie, że ze zjawiskiem przestępczości mamy
do czynienia od zarania dziejów. Występuje ona wszędzie tam, gdzie występują zmiany
zachodzące w każdej dziedzinie życia. Jej szczególnym przejawem jest przestępczość zorganizowana,
która dotyczy działalności grup przestępczych. Są one zhierarchizowane, a ich
działalność skierowana jest na osiągnięcie zysku wbrew prawu. W artykule przedstawiono
zasadnicze problemy dotyczące przedmiotu działalności przestępczości zorganizowanej, ich
struktur i przejawów.
WPŁYW NADZORU NAD TRANSPORTEM DROGOWYM NA PODNIESIENIE POZIOMU BEZPIECZEŃSTWA NA DROGACH
Authors: Bolesta Jerzy
Published: October 2020

Artykuł traktuje o relacjach pomiędzy aktywnością służb kontrolnych w zakresie nadzoru
nad transportem drogowym a liczbami zdarzeń drogowych związanych z zawinieniem przez
kierowców autobusów i samochodów ciężarowych. Przedstawione w artykule dane obrazują
liczbę kontroli prowadzonych przez Inspekcję Transportu Drogowego i Policję, jak też uwidaczniają
skalę naruszeń ujawnianych przez służby kontrolne. Wyciągnięte wnioski dają obraz
przedstawionych zależności oraz ukazują czytelnikowi możliwości wpływu czynników nadzoru
nad transportem drogowym na zmniejszenie ilości zdarzeń drogowych na polskich drogach.
WPŁYW ZMIAN KLIMATYCZNYCH NA BEZPIECZEŃSTWO EKOLOGICZNE
Authors: Kurowska Klaudia
Published: October 2020

Artykuł przedstawia w skondensowany sposób problem zmian klimatycznych oraz wiążące
się z tym skutki. Ukazana została zależność między klimatem a ekologią oraz wskazanie
powiązań tych dwóch zjawisk z bezpieczeństwem. Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne zostało
zakwalifikowane jako domena bezpieczeństwa klimatycznego oraz czynnik kształtujący
to bezpieczeństwo. W artykule zawarte zostały również wypowiedzi ekspertów i ekologów
traktujących o obecnej sytuacji klimatycznej, podane zostały przykłady ze świata ukazujące
obecny problem negatywnego wpływu zmian klimatycznych. Wyliczenie i opis zagrożeń
płynących z tychże zmian to lista otwarta. Do głównych zagrożeń wpływających na bezpieczeństwo
należy zaliczyć anomalie pogodowe oraz ocieplenie klimatu – obecne w każdym
przejawie działalności ludzkiej. Stworzony został również przegląd najciekawszych działań
wartych uwagi, które podejmowane są w celu zatrzymania zmian klimatycznych oraz złagodzenia
ich skutków.
A vulnerabilidade como condição antropológica segundo o motivo “Escada da vida” em uma xilogravura do século 19
Authors: Renders Helmut , Costa-Renders Elizabete Cristina
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se dedica ao aparecimento do tema da vulnerabilidade, a partir do século 18, em xilogravuras cuja narrativa visual se refere ao processo de envelhecimento das pessoas em analogia com o motivo da escada ou dos degraus da vida. A ausência da consideração da deficiência como um possível atravessamento do ciclo da vida disparou o problema investigativo: Como se dá o aparecimento do tema da vulnerabilidade em xilogravuras cuja narrativa visual se refere ao motivo da escada ou dos degraus da vida, acompanhada por uma narrativa religiosa? Apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa documental exploratória, realizada nos acervos do Museu da Imagem na cidade de Epinal, França, do Museu das Culturas, na cidade de Basileia, Suíça e da Igreja Estadual de Estugarda, Alemanha, no mês de julho de 2017. Argumenta, como primeiro resultado, comparando as narrativas visuais educacionais e religiosas, que há uma modificação da narrativa visual do motivo da escada da vida e que seu aparecimento antecipa, na área da educação, mas não na área da teologia, a consideração do respeito à vulnerabilidade como condição antropológica. Como segundo resultado, mostra-se a importância da cultura visual como narrativa própria e fonte essencial para as ciências humanas, em especial, para educação e as ciências da religião, neste caso a ressignificação da vulnerabilidade humana no campo da educação inclusiva que exige um novo olhar para a condição humana.
Educação em direitos humanos: implicações para as religiões no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Lima Adriano Sousa
Published: October 2020

A educação em direitos humanos é essencial para o desenvolvimento pleno da personalidade, para a consolidação da cidadania e para promover a cultura da solidariedade, constituindo um dos principais desafios contemporâneos. Aqui reside o papel fundamental das instituições públicas e privadas, na medida em que as mesmas são desafiadas a criar, promover e fortalecer a cultura dos direitos humanos nos seus espaços de convivência. O texto adota como metodologia a análise de bibliografia especializada. Nessa direção, investiga-se os principais instrumentos normativos e diretivos da sociedade brasileira, tais como a Constituição Federal, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e outros documentos que tratam da educação e dos direitos humanos, com o objetivo de extrair algumas implicações para a práxis religiosa. O percurso inicia analisando o texto constitucional que estabelece a educação como direito de todos, bem como seus respectivos objetivos; na sequência, a partir da Declaração Universal de 1948, faz-se uma reflexão sobre a educação em direitos humanos e sua importância para a consolidação da cidadania; ao concluir, o autor apresenta as implicações da educação em direitos humanos no contexto religioso brasileiro: a educação em direitos humanos promove a liberdade e a igualdade; promove uma educação comprometida com o desenvolvimento humano e com a cultura da solidariedade; e promove a amizade entre as diferentes religiões.
Ensino Religioso na escola pública brasileira e a questão da laicidade
Authors: Baptista Paulo Agostinho Nogueira , Siqueira Giseli do Prado
Published: October 2020

A presença do componente curricular Ensino Religioso – ER na escola, de modo especial na escola pública, é marcada pela controvérsia. O Brasil viveu sob o manto da confessionalidade, mesmo depois do decreto n. 119A (1890), e a separação legislativo-jurídica entre Igreja e Estado não pôs fim ao problema. A partir dessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a configuração atual do Ensino Religioso na escola pública, a partir de breve referência inicial aos antecedentes históricos e aos aspectos filosóficos deste processo, que permitiram essa situação, desde a implantação do regime republicano no país. Quer considerar o problema de o Ensino Religioso estar sempre marcado por um discurso conflitivo entre os pressupostos da laicidade e da confessionalidade. O itinerário foi norteado pela seguinte questão: como analisar as mudanças e alterações que fizeram com que este componente curricular passasse da área eclesiástica para a esfera pública? Será que o Ensino Religioso é um problema para a laicidade? A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa e documental, através da análise de documentos constitucionais, leis de diretrizes e bases da educação, pareceres e resoluções que envolveram esse componente curricular, bem como discursos de juristas em diversas épocas. Ao se investigar este tema, percebe-se que a discussão sobre o Ensino Religioso, bem como a compreensão de sua presença na escola pública, envolve uma complexa discussão, que não pode desconhecer os aspectos históricos, filosóficos e jurídicos.
Religião e linguagem: uma leitura da religião na Escrita do Deus de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Rocha Abdruschin Schaeffer , Terra Kenner Roger Cazotto
Published: October 2020

Nietzsche é considerado figura de vital importância na crítica a certa “inflação do sentido” verificada no pensamento ocidental, tanto no que diz respeito à tradição filosófica quanto no que concerne ao Cristianismo. Esse caráter tirânico do sentido fortaleceu sua crítica que, em geral, conclui que todo sentido deriva do fenômeno, que é a representação subjetiva e interpretativa do mundo. Mesmo que não tenha sido a intenção de Nietzsche, suas reflexões ensejaram novos parâmetros para a compreensão da religião em bases não metafísicas. Por outro lado, temos o escritor Jorge Luis Borges, que parece aquiescer à crítica nietzschiana da assimetria entre mundo e linguagem. O escritor argentino relativiza a relação direta entre linguagem e mundo, o que coloca os limites da metáfora em um lugar de importância significativa.  Além de uma aproximação criativa entre o filósofo alemão e o escritor argentino, destacamos a percepção borgeana da realocação de conteúdos metafísicos envelhecidos para o universo ficcional e criativo da literatura fantástica. Nesse sentido, a partir das teorias da linguagem, devedoras que são dessa tradição que remonta a Nietzsche, o presente artigo propõe uma compreensão da religião a partir do conto A Escrita do Deus, de Borges.
Prédicas em torno da conquista e manutenção de Ceuta
Authors: Teodoro Leandro Alves
Published: October 2020

O segundo cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, notabilizou-se pela produção de crônicas acerca da conquista e manutenção da praça de Ceuta no século XV. Com a finalidade de explorar as impressões desse cronista, o presente trabalho abordará como Zurara fez um uso edificante de duas de suas fontes: o discurso do conde D. Pedro de Meneses e um reportatio do sermão do fr. João Xira. Mais precisamente, o alvo deste estudo é examinar em que medida Zurara reproduziu as palavras dessas célebres figuras na expectativa de legitimar a incursão militar da Coroa no norte da África. Com ênfase na descrição do referido oficial da Torre do Tombo, o alvo consistirá em analisar a função da prédica de um religioso e de um cavaleiro para a exortação dos portugueses enviados a essa região em um período de fortalecimento das bases políticas e religiosas de Portugal.
A Igreja Católica e o Ensino Religioso no Brasil (1889-1930)
Authors: Batista Eraldo Leme
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo apresentamos o debate em torno da educação nos primórdios do século XX no Brasil, quando ocorreu um profícuo debate sobre o papel educacional na sociedade, tendo de um lado a Igreja Católica e a defesa do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas e, em outra posição, os educadores vinculados ao escolanovismo e à defesa da laicidade. Apontaremos as principais teses que nortearam essa contenda, enfatizando as divergências entre esses dois grupos. O objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, é apresentar brevemente um histórico referente à separação entre Estado e Igreja Católica após a proclamação da República, bem como elucidar a rearticulação dessa instituição destacando as contradições entre a Igreja e os educadores vinculados à Educação Nova. Entendemos que a questão da laicidade foi importante nesse processo, contribuindo para o acirramento das diferenças entre Igreja e os defensores do Estado laico. No campo do conhecimento, historiadores, sociólogos, cientistas políticos, filósofos e religiosos vêm debruçando-se acerca desse tema, apresentando estudos, análises e considerações tanto na defesa, bem como com críticas à introdução do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas brasileiras. Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica empreendida em artigos científicos, livros, dissertações e teses sobre o tema proposto.
Ensino Religioso: um campo de aplicação da Ciência da Religião
Authors: Rodrigues Elisa
Published: October 2020

O artigo a seguir representa um esforço de síntese sobre a narrativa da formação do Ensino Religioso nos documentos oficiais brasileiros relacionados à Educação. Assim, pretende ser um instrumento teórico-pedagógico para a compreensão desse componente curricular como um campo da Ciência Aplicada da Religião. Para alcançar esse objetivo dividimos o texto em três partes. Na primeira parte são abordadas as possíveis classificações do Ensino Religioso, que seriam: subárea de conhecimento da Ciência da Religião ou, Ciência da Religião Aplicada e componente curricular, que compõe o conjunto das disciplinas oferecidas no nível do Ensino Fundamental brasileiro. Na segunda parte do artigo são discutidos alguns elementos dos documentos oficiais, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Licenciaturas em Ciência da Religião (2018), que asseguram a oferta do Ensino Religioso, segundo um modelo reflexivo e laico. Por fim, na terceira parte são apresentados e discutidos alguns pressupostos epistemológicos e metodológicos da CRE, que servem à fundamentação teórica e prática do Ensino Religioso.
Método de Avaliação da Maturidade da Gestão do Conhecimento na Administração Pública Federal (MGCGovBR): Estudo de Caso da Secretaria de Governo Digital do Ministério da Economia
Authors: Fagundes Vladimir , Sampaio Jonice  De Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O Estado Brasileiro vem buscando novos patamares de conhecimento e transformando tais conhecimentos em valores individuais e organizacionais. Contudo, para verificar se a gestão do conhecimento (GC) está sendo efetiva é necessário um instrumento que viabilize a avaliação do grau de maturidade da GC em órgãos da administração pública federal (APF) brasileira. Baseado no enfoque exposto acima, este artigo apresenta método de avaliação da maturidade da GC para a APF do Brasil que esteja alinhado com as determinações dos direcionadores governamentais e do conhecimento da sociedade organizada e do cidadão comum. Acrescenta-se que esta pesquisa apresenta o resultado de um estudo com parte do método na Secretaria de Governo Digital.
Indisches Drama
Authors: Link Hilde
Published: October 2020

Wie erlebt eine Ethnologin ihre Feldforschung? Unter welchen Umständen werden die Daten gesammelt, die später in geordneter Form, z. B. in einem Buch, präsentiert werden? Hilde Link erzählt von der chaotischen Welt Indiens, in der sie fast zwei Jahre das sakrale Theater auf den Dörfern in Tamilnadu (Südindien) erforschte. Vor den Tempeln verschiedener Gottheiten werden des Nachts die großen indischen Epen szenisch umgesetzt – von professionellen Schauspielern oder Laien-Darstellern –, begleitet von Ritualen am Tag. Die Autorin berichtet von Nöten und Freuden im Alltag mit zwei kleinen Kindern, von interkulturellen Missverständnissen, von Liebe und Gewalt und vermittelt damit ein vielschichtiges Bild vom Leben auf dem indischen Dorf.

Die Autorin
Hilde Link promovierte im Hauptfach Ethnologie und in den Nebenfächern Philosophie und kath. Theologie. Sie war wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Ethnologie der Freien Universität Berlin und lehrte am Institut für Ethnologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, der Pondicherry University und der Università della Svizzera italiana in Lugano. Sie forschte u. a. in Kambodscha und auf Mauritius, hauptsächlich aber in Indien. Nach dem Tsunami 2004 gründete Hilde Link zusammen mit ihrem Mann das Prana-Hilfsprojekt in Indien.
Zeitgärten
Authors: Hölscher Lucien
Published: October 2020

Kann es eine »Theorie historischer Zeiten« (Fernand Braudel und Reinhart Koselleck) geben? Mit seinem Baukasten der Zeitfiguren versucht Lucian Hölscher eine Antwort.

Die Zeit verläuft in der Geschichte nicht einfach von früher nach später, sondern in Figuren: bald als Fortschritt, bald als Epochensprung, bald geschichtet nach unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten. In den Zeitgärten der Geschichtsschreibung ordnen sich die Zeitfiguren der Geschichte zu Ornamenten und Abteilungen. Es ist die Leere der Zeit, die diesen Formenreichtum des Lebens ermöglicht und steuert. In ihr findet die Vielfalt der Zeiten, die das geschichtliche Leben hervorbringt, ihren gemeinsamen Grund.
Nach einer Darstellung der temporalen Grundbausteine historischer Erzählungen werden prominente historische Werke porträtiert. Schließlich werden die Zeitfiguren gesammelt und systematisch entfaltet, bevor abschließend die Frage nach dem Raum, in dem sich die historischen Zeitfiguren begegnen, und nach dem Charakter der »Leere« erörtert werden, der die historische Zeit als universalistisches Konzept kennzeichnet.
Holzfrevel und Heilsverlust
Authors: Detering Heinrich
Published: October 2020

Sensibel und mit detektivischem Spürsinn geht Heinrich Detering der Entwicklung von Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs ökologischem Schreiben nach.

Die »Schuld des Mordes an der Erde Lieblichkeit«: Dieses Thema durchzieht das Werk der Annette von Droste-Hülshoff von Anfang bis Ende. Dabei verbinden sich religiöse und anthropologische Fragen mit sehr handfest ökologischen. Diese Dichtung begreift »Natur« als einen umfassenden und dynamischen Lebenszusammenhang, dessen Zerstörung auch eine Selbstzerstörung des Menschen bedeutet. Die faszinierende Studie deckt Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs ökologisches Schreiben auf - die oft gerühmte sinnliche Intensität ihrer Naturbilder, ihren Sinn für spirituelle Dimensionen des Lebendigen, ihre sensible Wahrnehmung von Gefährdungen, deren Ausmaß erst heute sichtbar wird. Dabei wird die radikale Modernität einer Dichterin sichtbar, die in ihren großen Naturgedichten und in Erzählungen wie der »Judenbuche« provozierend neue literarische Verfahren erprobt.
Perioperative Blocks for Decreasing Postoperative Narcotics in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Ariel Clare , Colakoglu Salih , Reddy Angela , Kerwin Clara Marie , Flores Roland A , Iorio Matthew L , Mathes David W
Published: October 2020

Context: High rates of mortality and chemical dependence occur following the overuse of narcotic medications, and the prescription of these medications has become a central discussion in health care. Efforts to curtail opioid prescribing include Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines, which describe local anesthesia techniques to decrease or eliminate the need for opioids when used in a comprehensive protocol. Here, we review effective perioperative blocks for the decreased use of opioid medications post-breast reconstruction surgery. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive review was conducted using keywords narcotics, opioid, surgery, breast reconstruction, pain pump, nerve block, regional anesthesia, and analgesia. Papers that described a local anesthetic option for breast reconstruction for decreasing postoperative narcotic consumption, written in English, were included. Results: A total of 52 papers were included in this review. Local anesthetic options included single-shot nerve blocks, nerve block catheters, and local and regional anesthesia. Most papers reported equal or even superior pain control with decreased nausea and vomiting, length of hospital stay, and other outcomes. Conclusions: Though opioid medications are currently the gold standard medication for pain management following surgery, strategies to decrease the dose or number of opioids prescribed may lead to better patient outcomes. The use of a local anesthetic technique has been shown to reduce narcotic use and improve patients’ pain scores after breast reconstruction surgery.
The Effects of Dysphagia on Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Bakhtiyari Jalal , Dadgar Hooshang , Maddah Marziyeh , Ghorbani Raheb , Charkhi Faezeh , Rezaee Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common problem in stroke survivors. Dysphagia and its complications have negative effects on quality of life in stroke survivors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dysphagia on quality of life in Iranian stroke survivors and to determine potential relationships between demographic variables and the domains of quality of life. Methods: Sixty stroke survivors (aged 60 - 75 years old) with a diagnosis of dysphagia participated in this cross-sectional study. The swallowing function of patients was evaluated by Mann Assessment Swallowing Ability (MASA). The Persian version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) was used to determine the impacts of swallowing disorder on the quality of life. Results: The mean total and SD of DHI was 73.03 ± 10.16. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex; age, time post-onset of stroke, and DHI total score as well as its subscales (P > 0.05), whereas there was a relationship between the functional subscale of the DHI and the level of education (r = 0.27, P = 0.037) and also with severity of dysphagia on the base of MASA scores (r = 0.267, P = 0.039). Besides, the severity of dysphagia was positively correlated with DHI’s total scores (r = 0.312, P = 0.017); this means that the higher the severity of dysphagia, resulting in even greater the DHI total scores, which indicates a further reduction in the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dysphagia in stroke survivors has negative impacts on the quality of life. The relationship between clinical measures of dysphagia severity and quality of life also indicates that the higher the dysphagia severity the lower the quality of life. Dysphagia’s negative impact on the quality of life does not depend on age and gender.
Evaluation of Technical and Protective Functions; Radiology Department Staff of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Tohidi Fateme Zakieh , Nakhzari Moghadam Hadi , Azari-Mofrad Sahar , Ghasemi Saeed , Almasi Seideh Zeinab , Tohidi Mohadeseh
Published: October 2020

Background: Maintaining patients’ safety is a basic professional role of radiographers. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the technical, protective, and technological operation of interventional radiologists. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the protective and technical performance of radiographers and their knowledge and expertise. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 radiographers working in radiology wards of hospitals affiliated to the Zahedan University are included. A checklist whose reliability and validity were previously established was used to collect data. For the radiography staff, 17 technical and 12 protective items were checked and recorded during three work shifts. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The performance score of 27 males (45%) and 33 females (65%) was assessed. Seven factors of radiology staff, including gender, employment status, age, work experience, number of shifts, Work Shift, and Education, were evaluated, and that number of shifts was statistically significant. Conclusions: The radiographers’ awareness of technical and protective principles was at a medium level. Increasing attention to the quality of academic training and continuous education is necessary.
Approaching the Parmenidean Sublime—Part II
Authors: Privitello Lucio Angelo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2020

This paper is Part II of my study entitled “Approaching the Parmenidean Sublime: A New Translation and Resequencing of the Fragments of Parmenides.” What I seek to accomplish here is to elaborate on my resequencing/translation decisions, and take up the more thorny philosophical/juridical aspects of my position previously mentioned, yet condensed, in “Notes to Translator’s Introduction,” and “Notes on the Fragments.” I believe that this continued engagement with the fragments of Parmenides makes up the “dutiful apprenticeship” intrinsically represented in the poem’s teacher-student exchange, and in the request to convey the story. The request to convey the story is still alive and well in Parmenidean studies. This passing along of a teaching, its history, and its style, makes up the essence of an apprenticeship, whether artistic, philosophical, or as a social ontology. To streamline my references to the poem, I will use only my translated and resequenced fragment and line numbers found in my article, “Approaching the Parmenidean Sublime: A New Translation and Resequencing of the Fragments of Parmenides,” from Volume 23, Number 1, pages 1–18, Fall 2018, of this journal.
FDI inflow effects on Western Balkan area's labour markets
Authors: Perić Milica , Stanišić Nemanja
Published: October 2020

Labour market dependency on Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) inflow is very high in transition economies. This paper estimates the effects of FDI inflow on the employment rate and average net wages in Western Balkan economies in the period 2003-2017. The sample of economies (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) was selected mainly because of the high legacy with FDI and unsaturated labour market. Presumably, FDI inflow has a positive impact on the employment rate and on average net wages in the Western Balkan countries. Employing linear mixed-effects models (LMM), the results indicate that FDI inflow changes have very low but positive and significant effects on both the changes in employment rate and on average net wages.
Is working capital management able to increase sustainable growth through asset utilization?
Authors: Kinasih Yekti , Dorkas Rambu , Supramono Supramono
Published: October 2020

Working capital management has a strategic role to maintain a balance between liquidity and profitability so that firms have greater opportunities to operate sustainably. This study mainly aims to investigate the ability of working capital management to increase sustainable growth through asset utilization. We ran panel data regression on manufacturing firms listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the years of 2010-2017 as our sample. By controlling for leverage, sales growth, and firm size, our empirical results demonstrate that working capital management negatively affects firms' asset utilization. Furthermore, the study also finds that asset utilization positively affects sustainable growth. Finally, we empirically show that asset utilization mediates the relationship between working capital management and sustainable growth. The findings imply that if Indonesian manufacturing firms manage to have efficient working capital management, they are more likely to utilize their assets efficiently which, in turn, will increase their growth optimally, without causing problems to their cash.
Infrastructure development, institutions, and intra-regional trade: The case of East Africa
Authors: Ochieng James , Abala Daniel , Mbithi Mary
Published: October 2020

This study empirically examines the relationship between infrastructure stock and bilateral trade flows using a panel of 11 countries in East Africa for the period 2000 to 2018. Infrastructure augmented gravity model was estimated using total bilateral exports for the countries in East Africa. Infrastructure was disaggregated into transport and information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructures. Two institutional variables, control of corruption index and regulatory quality, were incorporated in the model. By employing Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator, the results confirm that both ICT and transport infrastructures and quality institutions positively impact on the volumes of total bilateral exports in East Africa. However, ICT infrastructure has a greater impact on trade flows compared to transport infrastructure. Therefore, more resources should be channelled towards increasing the stock of ICT infrastructure to propel trade and regional integration in East Africa.
The influence of sociodemographic characteristics of residents on the perception of tourism development impacts
Authors: Stojković Ilinka , Tepavčević Jelena , Blešić Ivana , Ivkov Milan , Šimon Viktorija
Published: October 2020

Residents play an important role in the process of destination development, but a supportive attitude in regard to tourism is key to the success of the touristic destination. Various authors have examined residents' attitudes towards the impacts of tourism development from different points of view. This paper aimed to investigate the impacts of sociodemographic characteristics of locals on their attitudes towards tourism development. The study was conducted on the territory of Sirinićka Župa, in the municipality of Štrpce. A total of 94 respondents were included in the research. The results indicated that gender and education level have not influenced residents' attitudes. On the other hand, it has been found that the age and length of residents' significantly influence residents' attitudes towards tourism development impacts.