bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Temperature Dependent Dimerization of Transition Metal Substituted Quasi Wells–Dawson Polyfluoroxometalates
Authors: Bugnola Marco , Schreiber Roy E. , Kaufman Yehonatan , Leitus Gregory , Shimon Linda J. W. , Neumann Ronny
Published: June 2018

Polyfluoroxometalates (PFOMs) that have a quasi Wells–Dawson structure and have low valent transition metal substitution at the so‐called “belt” position, α1‐[H2F6NaM(H2O)W17O55]q–, can reversibly interchange between dimeric and monomeric structures. The dimers have two unique M–µO–W bridges between two PFOM units. The dimerization occurs through dehydration and was studied as a function of temperature using the visible spectrum that is sensitive to the wavelength and extinction coefficient of the d‐d transition. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of the dimerization reaction were iteratively fitted using a function derived from the equilibrium constant and the Beer–Lambert law. Such reversible dimerization reactions have not been observed for similar α1‐[P2M(H2O)W17O61]q– structures, thus fluorine atoms in an axial position to the transition metal are apparently critical for dimerization by reducing the bond strength of the transition metal–aqua bond trans to the fluorine atom.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoquinolones and 2‐Pyridones by Annulation of N‐Methoxyamides and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Potter Tyler J. , Li Yuantao , Ward Michael D. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: June 2018

The RhIII‐catalyzed synthesis of 4‐substituted isoquinolones and 2‐pyridones by the annulation of N‐methoxyamides and nitroalkenes has been developed. Both aliphatic and aromatic nitroalkenes were effective inputs. Annulations also proceeded for aromatic, alkenyl, and heteroaromatic C–H bond starting materials. Moreover, benzoic acid provided a novel nitro‐dihydroisocoumarin. The structure and relative stereochemistry of this compound, which is an oil at room temperature, was determined unambiguously by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of its inclusion complex with a hydrogen‐bonded host framework.
Provenance, depositional setting, and crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block, South China: Insights from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of clastic rocks
Authors: Xiong Chen , Chen Hongde , Niu Yaoling , Chen Anqing , Zhang Chenggong , Li Feng , Xu Shenglin , Yang Shuai
Published: June 2018

We report the results of a combined study of detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and bulk‐rock elemental geochemistry on late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian clastic sedimentary rocks from South Jiangxi within Cathaysia. These clastic rocks are characterized by moderate chemical index of alteration (CIA) values of 73 and high Th/U ratios (>3.8), indicating moderate weathering of the source area. The relatively high index of compositional variability (ICV = 0.62–1.30) values indicates a source compositionally dominated by immature material that lacks alumina‐rich minerals. Bulk‐rock major and trace element systematics on discrimination diagrams are consistent with the source provenance being felsic‐intermediate igneous rocks of ancient continental crust origin. The geochemistry is also consistent with the clastic sedimentary rocks being deposited in a setting at or in the vicinity of passive continental margins. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the clastic rocks record five major age populations: 2,614–2,376 Ma (peak atca. 2,482 Ma), 1,953–1,353 Ma, 1,000–900 Ma (peak atca. 958 Ma), 850–730 Ma (peaks atca. 845 and 763 Ma), and 685–571 Ma (peak atca. 635 Ma). The age data provide a record of igneous activity in the source provenance: the 2,482 Ma peak is consistent with the global Neoarchean continental crust growth; the 1,953–1,353 Ma population correlates with the period of assembly and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent; the prominent peak atca. 958 Ma corresponds to a common thermal–tectonic event associated with the assembly of Rodinia, and the 850–730 Ma population is consistent with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. Theca. 850 Ma age is indicative of initial stage of Rodinia breakup in South China. Our data also reveal a 670–530 Ma population that correlates well with the Pan‐African event associated with the formation of the Gondwana supercontinent, although no direct geological evidence for this event has been found within the SCB. Moreover, complex zircon morphology and comparisons of detrital zircon U–Pb age spectra in a global context suggest the late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the Cathaysia Block must have sourced from an exotic source with magmatic activities of late Archean, Grenvillian, and Pan‐African ages, which do not outcrop in the Cathaysia Block or adjacent regions and need to be further explored.
Determinants of memory development in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang , Ornstein Peter A.
Published: June 2018

Research on the development of memory has a long history and constitutes one of the most active research areas in the field of cognitive development. In this article, we first describe major historical developments in the literature on children's memory, focusing on systematic research that began in the late 1960s. We then examine new developments in the field, describing four important lines of inquiry: (a) the development of implicit memory, (b) short‐ and long‐term memory development in infancy, (c) longitudinal research on memory strategies and metamemory, and (d) developmental cognitive neuroscience of memory. Finally, promising lines of future research on memory development are briefly discussed.
Synthesis of a new magnetic metal–organic framework nanocomposite and its application in methylene blue removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Ali , Masrouri Hassan , Mirbagheri Mehrnaz Alsadat , Andishgar Saeed , Pourshamsi Tayebe
Published: June 2018

In this article, we demonstrated a facile method to fabricate a new type of magnetic recyclable Fe3O4@NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) adsorbent for removal of cationic dye of methylene blue (MB) through the decoration of Fe3O4@NH2 core‐shell nanoparticles on the surface of metal–organic frameworks. The synthesis and immobilization processes were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Zeta potential, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). The influence of several parameters such as solution pH, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature were studied. The Fe3O4@NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) can recycled and reused several times. The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent for removal of MB under the optimum operational conditions was found to be 370.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic data described well with the pseudo‐second‐order model, and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The results of thermodynamic studies illustrate that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The experimental results suggest that Fe3O4@NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) has potential applications in environmental management.
The role of perceived friend depression and perceived stigma on self‐reported depression among individuals who use drugs
Authors: Davey‐Rothwell Melissa A. , Crossnohere Norah L. , Kimura Atsumi , Page Kathleen , Tobin Karin , Latkin Carl
Published: June 2018

Depression and substance use are highly comorbid, and stigmatized, mental health conditions influenced by social network factors. The objective of this study was to explore the role of perceived depression and perceived mental health stigma among friends on self‐reported depression over time. Between 2009 and 2012, 527 participants who used drugs completed baseline and 6‐month follow‐up surveys in Baltimore, Maryland. Logistic regression was used to assess whether perceived depression and stigma among friends were associated with personal depressive status before and after accounting for depressive status at baseline. A total of 309 participants (58.6%) had depressive symptoms at baseline, while 207 participants (39.3%) had depressive symptoms at follow‐up. Not accounting for baseline depression, perceiving friends as being depressed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.12, 1.56]) and as having stigmatizing attitudes toward mental health conditions (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.31, 2.79]) were associated with increased odds of personal depression. After accounting for baseline depression, the relationship between personal depression and perceived stigma was marginally significant, while the relationship between personal depression and perceived depression among friends was attenuated. These results suggest that baseline depression is the largest predictor of follow‐up depression. Future research should explore whether specific aspects of perceived stigma independently account for personal depression.
Community coalitions as spaces for collective voice, action, and the sharing of resources
Authors: Lardier David T. , Bergeson Carrie , Bermea Autumn M. , Herr Kathryn G. , Forenza Brad , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J.
Published: June 2018

This study examined how a community coalition, focused on prevention efforts, can aid in bridging resources between community organizations in a resource‐deprived area. We also explored how it may serve as a venue to support significant changes to the community, adults, and youth who live there. Drawing on 18 individual interviews with adult coalition members from various community organizations, in a large, underserved city in the northeastern United States, we examined these data for narrations of the coalition's place within the broader prevention community and how the coalition may be an organizational venue for collective voice. We were specifically interested in hearing if these adult community members saw the coalition as filling a gap within their community. Our data revealed that while organizations within the community have been decimated due to reduced funding, the present coalition aided in meeting a variety of needs. These needs included the facilitation of community voice while helping to bridge resources between organizations, which would otherwise work alone.
VCAM-1 induces signals that stimulate ZO-1 serine phosphorylation and reduces ZO-1 localization at lung endothelial cell junctions
Authors: Abdala-Valencia Hiam , Kountz Timothy S , Marchese Michelle E , Cook-Mills Joan M
Published: June 2018

Endothelial cell VCAM-1 regulates recruitment of lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, or dendritic cells during allergic inflammation. In this report, we demonstrated that, during allergic lung responses, there was reduced zonula occludens (ZO)-1 localization in lung endothelial cell junctions, whereas there was increased lung endothelial cell expression of VCAM-1, N-cadherin, and angiomotin. In vitro, leukocyte binding to VCAM-1 reduced ZO-1 in endothelial cell junctions. Using primary human endothelial cells and mouse endothelial cell lines, Ab crosslinking of VCAM-1 increased serine phosphorylation of ZO-1 and induced dissociation of ZO-1 from endothelial cell junctions, demonstrating that VCAM-1 regulates ZO-1. Moreover, VCAM-1 induction of ZO-1 phosphorylation and loss of ZO-1 localization at cell junctions was blocked by inhibition of VCAM-1 intracellular signals that regulate leukocyte transendothelial migration, including NOX2, PKCα, and PTP1B. Furthermore, exogenous addition of the VCAM-1 signaling intermediate H2O2 (1 μM) stimulated PKCα-dependent and PTP1B-dependent serine phosphorylation of ZO-1 and loss of ZO-1 from junctions. Overexpression of ZO-1 blocked leukocyte transendothelial migration. In summary, leukocyte binding to VCAM-1 induces signals that stimulated ZO-1 serine phosphorylation and reduced ZO-1 localization at endothelial cell junctions during leukocyte transendothelial migration.

VCAM-1 signaling through ROS, PKCalpha, and PTP1B induce serine phosphorylation of ZO-1 and loss of ZO-1 from endothelial cell junctions during VCAM-1-dependent leukocyte transendothelial migration.
Inverse surface‐enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SESORS) through a monkey skull
Authors: Odion Ren A. , Strobbia Pietro , Crawford Bridget M. , Vo‐Dinh Tuan
Published: June 2018

The use of nanoparticles in nanomedicine has received increasing interest. However, in vivo detection of nanoparticles using optical techniques is still a formidable challenge. Detecting surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐labeled nanoparticles through thick tissue is crucial due to its large number of potential applications in the field of disease diagnostics and monitoring. As gold nanoparticles are becoming an important nanoprobe and nanosensor platform for SERS in vivo applications, accurate detection and quantitation of these particles has become even more important. Conventional optical methods, however, are typically limited in obtaining SERS signals at the surface level, due to the attenuation caused by the highly scattering and absorbing tissue. Herein, we utilize spatially offset Raman spectroscopy to overcome this depth limitation and obtain specific spectrochemical signatures of SERS‐labeled nanoprobes, such as gold nanostars, beneath thick material and bone. The efficacy of this method, referred to as surface‐enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated through the detection of layer‐specific and subsurface SERS signals beneath three different substrates: (a) 4‐mm tissue phantom, (b) 4‐mm paraffin film, and (c) 5 mm bone of a macaque skull. Additionally, we show the possibility of recovering the pure SERS signal that belongs to a specific layer within a two‐layer system using scaled subtraction.
An investigation of inactivation mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores in non‐thermal plasma of ambient air
Authors: Huang Yaohua , Ye Xiaofei P , Doona Christopher J , Feeherry Florence E , Radosevich Mark , Wang Siqun
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

To utilize the potential of non‐thermal plasma technologies for food safety control and sanitation, the inactivation mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores by non‐thermal plasma of ambient air (NTP‐AA) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometric analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, aiming to probe both the morphological and biochemical changes occurring in spores during the kinetic inactivation process.

RESULTS

Kinetic analysis indicates that there is no intrinsic D‐value (i.e. time required to inactivate 90% of the spores) in spore inactivation by NTP‐AA because we observed non‐linear (biphasic) inactivation kinetics and, in addition, the inactivation rate depended on the initial spore concentration and how the spores were exposed to the reactive species in the NTP‐AA. The presence of suitable amount of water in the NTP‐AA field accelerates spore inactivation.

CONCLUSION

Progressive erosion of spore surface by NTP‐AA with ensuing or concomitant biochemical damage, which includes the alteration of structural proteins, internal lipids and the loss of dipicolinic acid content from the spore core, represent the main mechanisms of inactivation, and there is evidence that reactive NTP‐AA species could penetrate the cortex and reach the core of spores to cause damage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of plant density and harvesting type on yield and quality of fresh and dried peppers and paprika
Authors: Velázquez Rocío , Casquete Rocío , Hernández Alejandro , Martín Alberto , Córdoba María G , Coleto José Miguel , Bartolomé Teresa
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Traditionally, peppers (Capsicum annuumL.) of Jaranda variety used for the production of smoked paprika are harvested manually in the north of Extremadura (Spain). Mechanical harvesting is necessary to improve the profitability of this crop. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant density (D1 = 36 765 and D2 = 73 530 plants ha−1) and harvesting type (manual or mechanical) on the yield and quality of fresh, dried and powdered peppers.

RESULTS

The increase in plant density increased marketable yield per hectare, although the yield per plant decreased. With mechanical harvesting, the optimal density was D2 (15 151 kg ha−1) over D1 (12 493 kg ha−1). After processing the fruits, the application of D2 and mechanical harvesting significantly improved quality parameters, such asa*, ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) units and carotenoide concentration, primarily capsanthin.

CONCLUSION

The cultural practices tested provided an adequate productivity of fresh pepper and a better quality of the final product. According to the results of the present study, the increase in plant density and the substitution of manual harvesting by mechanical harvesting could be profitable practices with respect to the Jaranda variety of pepper used for the manufacture of smoked paprika. These practices maintain the main quality parameters of dried peppers and paprika. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient and Tunable Photoinduced Honeycomb Lattice in an Atomic Ensemble
Authors: Wen Feng , Zhang Xun , Ye Huapeng , Wang Wei , Wang Hongxing , Zhang Yanpeng , Dai Zhiping , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: June 2018

Artificial periodic structures (APS) with controllable optical properties are highly demanded in all‐optical devices and circuits in communication networks. However, APS realized in solid materials are usually non‐tunable and inherently possess immutable photonic bandgap. In this article, a novel honeycomb lattice in an atomic ensemble by utilizing the multi‐beam interference method is reported. Unlike the honeycomb lattice formed in solid materials, the optical properties of this photoinduced honeycomb lattice, such as the absorption/dispersion coefficients and the photonic bandgap can be efficiently tuned by two‐photon detuning and Rabi frequency, resulting in both amplitude‐ and phase‐ type honeycomb lattice. Based on the two‐photon quantum‐imaging method, the near‐field diffraction of the honeycomb lattice is also investigated. It is found that the resolution of the diffraction pattern is tunable by simply adjusting the manner of the two detectors scanning across the imaging beams. In addition, the contrast of the pattern can be greatly enhanced by tuning the optical properties of the lattice. Such an optical honeycomb lattice with tunable properties could find applications in all‐optical switching at the few photons level and paves the way for the generation and manipulation of optical topological insulators.
Kinetic and Copolymer Composition Investigations of the Free Radical Copolymerization of 1‐Octene with Glycidyl Methacrylate
Authors: Rosales‐Guzmán Miguel , Pérez‐Camacho Odilia , Torres‐Lubián Román , Harrisson Simon , Schubert Ulrich S. , Guerrero‐Sánchez Carlos , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique
Published: June 2018

Kinetic and copolymer composition investigations of the free radical copolymerization of 1‐octene with glycidyl methacrylate are reported. The chemical structure of the obtained copolymers is elucidated by 1H, 13C, heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopies. 1H NMR measurements indicate that a maximum statistical incorporation of 1‐octene in the copolymer chain of 32 mol% is obtained when 90 mol% of this comonomer is used in the initial monomer feed of the copolymerization reaction. Furthermore, the reactivity ratios of this comonomer system are estimated using the obtained experimental data, which are fitted to the integral form of the copolymerization equation utilizing a nonlinear least squares approach. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report on the reactivity ratios of this specific comonomer system. To evaluate the potential of the obtained materials as dispersants, the effect of the polymer concentration on the dispersion of copper nanopowders in organic solvents is studied for a copolymer with a 1‐octene composition of 25 mol%.
Copper Wire–Catalyzed RDRP in Nonpolar Media as a Route to Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Polymers
Authors: Raus Vladimír , Janata Miroslav , Čadová Eva
Published: June 2018

Controlled synthesis of high‐molecular weight (MW) organic–inorganic hybrid polymers based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) monomers has previously proved difficult to achieve by reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization methods. Here, this problem is tackled by employing a rarely used combination of Cu(0) catalysis and nonpolar solvents to polymerize a POSS‐methacrylate monomer,
i
BuPOSSMA. It is revealed that chain transfer to solvent plays a dominant role in this system as only benzene and not toluene allows for synthesis of low dispersity, ultrahigh MW products (up to 3 500 000). Importantly, the process is characterized by very low amounts (units of ppm) of copper released into the polymerization mixture, leading to products with no discoloration. Finally, benzene use is also shown to be beneficial for copper bromide–catalyzed polymerization of
i
BuPOSSMA, affording polymers with moderate MWs and extremely low dispersities (down to 1.06).
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Aramid Fiber Based on Solid‐Phase Cross‐Linking of Oligomers with Reactive End Group
Authors: Dai Yu , Han Yutong , Yuan Yihao , Meng Chenbo , Cheng Zheng , Luo Longbo , Qin Jiaqiang , Liu Xiangyang
Published: June 2018

Low compressive strength of aramid fiber is one of the major obstacles for its application in advanced composite materials. In this study, poly‐(benzimidazole‐terephthalamide) (PABI) fibers are fabricated by solid‐phase cross‐linking of corresponding oligomers end‐capped with norbornene anhydride (NA). Concentration of the spinning solution increases and apparent viscosity is reduced significantly through this method, which improves its processability. Reactivity and thermal stability of the NA group are measured by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis and it shows high reactivity at 360 °C and adequate thermal stability under 400 °C. Results of solubility test and dynamic mechanical analysis indicate cross‐linking degree increases with decrease of molecular weight of the corresponding oligomer. Results of both 2D wide angle X‐ray diffraction and polarized FTIR illustrate orientation will be affected by cross‐linking and it decreases with the increase of cross‐linking degree. PABI fibers fabricated through this method can maintain outstanding mechanical properties and compressive strength is improved by 67% at most. Interestingly, interfacial shear strength of PABI fibers is improved by nearly 20% and damage between skin–core layers after debonding of fiber and resin is not observed.
Highly Reactive Thiol‐Norbornene Photo‐Click Hydrogels: Toward Improved Processability
Authors: Van Hoorick Jasper , Gruber Peter , Markovic Marica , Rollot Mélanie , Graulus Geert‐Jan , Vagenende Maxime , Tromayer Maximilian , Van Erps Jürgen , Thienpont Hugo , Martins José C. , Baudis Stefan , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Dubruel Peter , Van Vlierberghe Sandra
Published: June 2018

In the present work, gelatin type B is modified with highly reactive norbornene functionalities (Gel‐NB) following a one‐pot synthesis approach to enable subsequent thiol–ene photo‐click crosslinking. The modification strategy displays close control over the amount of introduced functionalities. Additionally, Gel‐NB exhibits considerably improved processing capabilities in terms of two‐photon polymerization when benchmarked to earlier‐reported crosslinkable gelatin derivatives (e.g., gelatin‐methacrylamide (Gel‐MOD) and gelatin‐methacrylamide‐aminoethylmethacrylate (Gel‐MOD‐AEMA)). The improvement is especially apparent in terms of minimally required laser power (20 mW vs ≥60 mW (Gel‐MOD) vs ≥40 mW (Gel‐MOD‐AEMA) at 100 mm s−1 scan speed) and processable concentration range (≥5 w/v% vs ≥10 w/v% (Gel‐MOD/Gel‐MOD‐AEMA)). Furthermore, the proposed functionalization scheme maintains the excellent biocompatibility and cell interactivity of gelatin. Additionally, the norbornene functionalities have potential for straightforward postprocessing “thiol–ene” surface grafting of active molecules. As a consequence, a very promising material toward tissue engineering applications and more specifically, biofabrication, is presented.
Traveling wave solutions in nonlocal delayed reaction‐diffusion systems with partial quasimonotonicity
Authors: Li Kun , Li Xiong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions in nonlocal delayed reaction‐diffusion systems with partial quasimonotonicity. The method is based on Schauder's fixed point theorem and the cross‐iteration scheme. We also present some applications of our results to diffusive and competition‐cooperation system with nonlocal delays by choosing 3 different kernels.
Polystyrene‐based anion exchange membranes via click chemistry: improved properties and AEM performance
Authors: Tuli Sayema K , Roy Asa L , Elgammal Ramez A , Zawodzinski Thomas A , Fujiwara Tomoko
Published: June 2018

Polystyrene‐based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been fabricated using in situ click chemistry between azide and alkyne moieties introduced as side groups on functionalized polymers. The membrane properties such as water uptake, swelling ratio and conductivity were affected by the number of cations and the degree of crosslinking. The membranes containing a larger amount of trimethylammonium cationic groups (i.e. higher ion exchange capacity) showed high hydroxide conductivity when immersed in KOH solution, exhibiting a peak in conductivity (156 mS cm−1) in 3 mol L–1 KOH solution. A higher degree of crosslinking tended to decrease conductivity. These membranes demonstrated relatively good stability in 8 mol L–1 KOH at 60 °C and maintained 33%–62% of initial conductivity after 49 days with most of the loss in conductivity occurring in early stages of the test. In an alkaline fuel cell, the areal specific resistance was constant indicating good stability of the membranes. The observed peak power density (157 mW cm−2) was comparable to that of other AEM‐based fuel cells reported. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Perovskite/c‐Si tandem solar cells with realistic inverted architecture: Achieving high efficiency by optical optimization
Authors: Ba Lixiang , Liu Hong , Shen Wenzhong
Published: June 2018

Many theoretical analyses for perovskite/c‐Si monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) have shown optical optimization and high efficiency limits, but they use many idealized assumptions and draw some unpractical conclusions for experiments. In this work, we have introduced a composite method combining the finite difference time domain and light path analysis for the first time. By using this method, we have systematically calculated perovskite/c‐Si monolithic TSCs with inverted architecture based on realistic solar cell parameters. Theoretical results have demonstrated very good match of the experimental external quantum efficiencies of both subcells. More importantly, from optical and electrical point of view, we have analyzed current losses of such TSCs and proposed detailed optimization for achieving high efficiency. Finally, we have presented improved configuration of perovskite/c‐Si monolithic TSCs with addition of pyramids structure in front surface, which can effectively increase the tandem cell efficiency to 29.05%. This work can be served as a practical guidance for the realization of high‐efficient perovskite/c‐Si monolithic TSCs.
Proteomic Study of the Exponential–Stationary Growth Phase Transition in the Haloarchaea Natrialba magadii and Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Cerletti Micaela , Giménez María Ines , Tröetschel Christian , D’ Alessandro Celeste , Poetsch Ansgar , De Castro Rosana Ester , Paggi Roberto A.
Published: June 2018

The dynamic changes that take place along the phases of microbial growth (lag, exponential, stationary, and death) have been widely studied in bacteria at the molecular and cellular levels, but little is known for archaea. In this study, a high‐throughput approach was used to analyze and compare the proteomes of two haloarchaea during exponential and stationary growth: the neutrophilic Haloferax volcanii and the alkaliphilic Natrialba magadii. Almost 2000 proteins were identified in each species (≈50% of the predicted proteome). Among them, 532 and 432 were found to be differential between growth phases in H. volcanii and N. magadii, respectively. Changes upon entrance into stationary phase included an overall increase in proteins involved in the transport of small molecules and ions, stress response, and fatty acid catabolism. Proteins related to genetic processes and cell division showed a notorious decrease in amount. The data reported in this study not only contributes to our understanding of the exponential–stationary growth phase transition in extremophilic archaea but also provides the first comprehensive analysis of the proteome composition of N. magadii. The MS proteomics data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier JPST000395.
Interface Colloidal Deposition of Nanoparticle Wire Structures
Authors: Tian Zhiqi , Crowe Michael , Shao Liqin , Zhang Peng , Zhang Lei , Zhao Qing , Diao Jiajie
Published: June 2018

Inspired by natural dewetting phenomena, such as the coffee‐ring effect, researchers are developing strategies for the controlled assembly of colloidal particles into functional nanoparticle conglomerates. Colloidal assembly techniques are regarded as green methods as they reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances involved in other manufacturing modalities. This review discusses several recent developments in interface colloidal deposition for preparing nanoparticle wires and integrated nanoparticle wire arrays. Moreover, this review covers real applications of these structures for electric detection of chemical and biological molecules among other functions.
Examining the survival benefit of radiation therapy on leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and identifying factors associated with survival benefit of whole‐brain radiation therapy
Authors: Kim Jae
Published: June 2018

Today, there are no conclusive data on the survival benefit from radiation therapy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) patients. The purpose of this article is mainly two folds: first, to report the survival benefit of radiation therapy (RT) in LMC patients with breast or lung as primary cancer and second, to identify the factors of LMC patients that had survival benefit from whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT).

Systematic literature review was performed. Search terms included ‘Leptomeningeal’, ‘prognostic factors’ and ‘lung’ or ‘breast’. Literatures were included if patient profile was reported. Specifically, age, median survival, diagnosis time line, type of cancer, received treatments, performance score, and systemic disease were sought after. Literature were excluded if they were a) case reports, b) written in language other than English, or c) not including patient profile.

For LMC patients with primary breast cancer, 7 studies were found since 1991 that met searching criteria. Factors which would allow breast cancer‐caused LMC patients to benefit from WBRT with survival are identified with statistical significance. They include Karnofsky (KPS) >60, Intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy, systemic therapy, hormonal receptor status and severity of systemic disease. Patients who met aforementioned criteria and received WBRT had longer median survival (17 weeks vs 11.9 weeks, P = 0.015). Similarly, 10 studies were found that met searching criteria for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused LMC. Beneficial factors for NSCLC‐caused LMC are identified. They include IT chemotherapy, KPS > 60, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Patient who met these criteria had longer median survival when received WBRT (17.6 weeks vs 12.2 weeks, p = 0.0412).
Transcriptional response of bean bug (Riptortus pedestris) upon infection with entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana JEF‐007
Authors: Lee Se Jin , Yang Yi‐Ting , Kim Sihyeon , Lee Mi Rong , Kim Jong Cheol , Park So Eun , Hossain Muktadir S , Shin Tae Young , Nai Yu‐Shin , Kim Jae Su
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana has been used as a biocontrol agent for insect pests, but its effect at the molecular level on the hosts has not been studied in detail. Herein, we performed transcriptome analysis of bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in response to infection with a highly virulent strain of B. bassiana JEF‐007 (Bb JEF‐007).

RESULTS

Based on RNA‐seq data from R. pedestris infected with Bb JEF‐007 compared with non‐infected bean bugs, infection was assumed to strongly activate (i) the energy production pathway by expressing dehydrogenases, (ii) metabolic pathways by expressing secreted proteins, GTPase, MBF2 transcription factor family, pigment‐dispersing factor, antioxidants, and cuticle proteins, and (iii) the immune response pathway by expressing serine‐threonine kinase in Toll pathway of bean bug.

CONCLUSION

We have established the platform for functional studies of the genes required for an immune response against entomopathogenic fungi like B. bassiana in the bean bug, R. pedestris. Moreover, this study also paves the way for genetic modification of B. bassiana to combat with the defense mechanism of R. pedestris. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ferrite Core‐Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Seed‐Based Method Characterization and Potential Application
Authors: Klekotka Urszula , Piotrowska Beata , Satuła Dariusz , Giersig Michael , Kalska‐Szostko Beata
Published: June 2018

This paper is dedicated to a systematic study on the selected type of core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles. Described fabrication procedure adopts the idea of seeds‐based synthesis followed by subsequent layer growth. Each layer of formed particles is obtained from complexes of M(acac)x, where M stands for 3d elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) and x is equal to 2 or 3 resulting in oxide formation. Obtained core‐shell nanoparticles are structurally examined by X‐ray diffraction, infra‐red spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic properties of the proposed nanoparticles are tested by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Variable in layered manner composition allows for tuning of physicochemical properties of the investigated material. Designed on demand layer‐by‐layer growth gives the opportunity to obtain desired final properties of, for example, sensing character or selectivity of interacting spices.
Observer‐based attack‐resilient control for linear systems against FDI attacks on communication links from controller to actuators
Authors: Xie Chun‐Hua , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: June 2018

For the adversarial attacks on the communication links from the controller to the actuators, most of the existing attack‐resilient control results focus on denial‐of‐service attacks. Unlike the existing results, this paper studies the observer‐based attack‐resilient control problem for linear systems with false data injection attacks and process disturbances. Due to limited resources, the malicious attacker is assumed to only manipulate a certain number of communication links from the controller to the actuators. A novel control architecture is proposed, which consists of an attack‐resilient state observer, a controller gain scheme, and a supervisory switching strategy. The observer is developed based on the maximin strategy, and state estimation will be used to construct the controller. The switching strategy is designed to pick an appropriate controller gain and prevent the attack signals from entering the plant automatically. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is stable with an attack‐resilient performance. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller, simulation results on a linearized reduced‐order aircraft system and an IEEE six‐bus power system are provided.
Global output‐feedback stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems: A double‐domination approach
Authors: Sun Zong‐Yao , Shao Yu , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Meng Qinghua
Published: June 2018

This paper is concerned with global stabilization via output feedback for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with time‐varying continuous output function. Under linear growth conditions, a new double‐domination method is proposed for the first time to construct an output‐feedback stabilizing controller. Different from the related results, the design of the observer is performed without using the information on the output function and nonlinearities. This paper also provides a viewpoint at the feedback stabilization to eliminate the continuous measurement error originating from inaccurate detection of system state. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of control strategy.
A general score‐independent test for order‐restricted inference
Authors: Winell Henric , Lindbäck Johan
Published: June 2018

In the analysis of ordered categorical data, the categories are often assigned a set of subjectively chosen order‐restricted scores. To overcome the arbitrariness involved in the assignment of the scores, several score‐independent tests have been proposed. However, these methods are limited to 2 × K contingency tables, where K is the number of ordered categories. We present an efficiency robust score‐independent test that is applicable to more general situations. The test is embedded into a flexible framework for conditional inference and provides a natural generalization of many familiar tests involving ordered categorical data, such as the generalized Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test for singly or doubly ordered contingency tables, the Page test for randomized block designs and the Tarone‐Ware trend test for survival data. The proposed method is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Sample size calculation for studies with grouped survival data
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Wang Xiaofei , Wu Yuan , Owzar Kouros
Published: June 2018

Grouped survival data arise often in studies where the disease status is assessed at regular visits to clinic. The time to the event of interest can only be determined to be between two adjacent visits or is right censored at one visit. In data analysis, replacing the survival time with the endpoint or midpoint of the grouping interval leads to biased estimators of the effect size in group comparisons. Prentice and Gloeckler developed a maximum likelihood estimator for the proportional hazards model with grouped survival data and the method has been widely applied. Previous work on sample size calculation for designing studies with grouped data is based on either the exponential distribution assumption or the approximation of variance under the alternative with variance under the null. Motivated by studies in HIV trials, cancer trials and in vitro experiments to study drug toxicity, we develop a sample size formula for studies with grouped survival endpoints that use the method of Prentice and Gloeckler for comparing two arms under the proportional hazards assumption. We do not impose any distributional assumptions, nor do we use any approximation of variance of the test statistic. The sample size formula only requires estimates of the hazard ratio and survival probabilities of the event time of interest and the censoring time at the endpoints of the grouping intervals for one of the two arms. The formula is shown to perform well in a simulation study and its application is illustrated in the three motivating examples.
Smart Textile Fabrics for Screening Millimeter Wavelength Radiations: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dhineshbabu N. R. , Sekhar Behera Shasanka , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: June 2018

The conductive fabrics are widely used in smart protective textile, specifically to shield millimeter wavelength radiations. In this context, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have gained enormous interest in the recent past due to their myriad applications in the field of textile specifically because of their tunable conductivity, lightweight, ease of coating etc. Numerous research studies have been focused to develop electromagnetic (EM) shielding fabric using ICPs and various functional conducting, magnetic and dielectric nanoparticles. The objective of this review article is to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art literature and recent developments in this field involving surface modification of textile fabrics using physical/chemical methods targeted towards EM shielding application. Furthermore, this review also provides useful insight in the shielding mechanism and diverse processes to design and develop smart EM shielded flexible fabrics as protective textiles.
Nanocrystals@Hollow Mesoporous Silica Reverse‐Bumpy‐Ball Structure Nanoreactors by a Versatile Microemulsion‐Templated Approach
Authors: Shang Lu , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Yin Yadong , Zhang Tierui
Published: June 2018

Reverse‐bumpy‐ball structure (RBBS) nanoreactors represent near‐ideal architectures for optimizing the performance of nanoparticle catalysts. Traditionally, RBBSs have been synthesized using laborious hard‐template methods. Herein, a novel and versatile synthetic strategy toward RBBS nanoreactors is developed by introducing high‐boiling‐point organics into a classical emulsion‐based nanocluster self‐assembly synthesis. This facile approach eliminates the need for a hard template and allows encapsulation of anisotropic nanoparticles in hollow nanoreactors. An RBBS nanoreactor containing Pt‐γ‐Fe2O3 dimers synthesized by this new approach demonstrates outstanding catalytic performance for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol with H2. The same strategy can easily be adapted for the synthesis of RBBS nanoreactors for other applications including catalysis, high‐performance batteries, drug delivery, sensors, and antimicrobials.
Moderne Eisenbahnbrücken als DickblechTrogbrücken – Optimierung der Auslegung für Ermüdung und Lebenszyklusbetrachtung
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Breunig Stephanie , Zinke Tim
Published: June 2018

Innovative zukunftsorientierte Konstruktionslösungen im Brückenbau zielen vermehrt auf instandhaltungsarme Strukturen ab, deren Nutzung und überführten Verkehrswege nur in geringem Maße durch Sanierungs‐ und Instandhaltungsarbeiten beeinträchtigt werden. Im Rahmen des FOSTA‐AiF‐Forschungsprojektes „Ganzheitliche Bewertung von Stahl‐ und Verbundeisenbahnbrücken nach Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit” (P978) wurden deshalb gezielte Untersuchungen zur Optimierung von verschiedenen Eisenbahnbrückentypen an einzelnen Konstruktionsdetails und Konstruktionsvarianten durchgeführt. Zur Erfassung der Auswirkungen dieser optimierten Lösungen auf den Lebenszyklus der Brücke wurden auf Grundlage von Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen die herkömmlichen und verbesserten Konstruktionen miteinander verglichen. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Bewertung der speziell für den Eisenbahnverkehr entwickelten Konstruktion der Trogbrücken mit dicken Fahrbahnblechen, auch bekannt als Dickblech‐Trogbrücken. Im Fokus stehen Fragen der Ermüdungsbemessung dieses Brückentyps, die anhand von Bauteilversuchen verifiziert und in Form von Konstruktionsempfehlungen beantwortet werden.
Small Molecule Based Non‐Fullerene Acceptors: A Comparative Study
Authors: Patil Yuvraj , Misra Rajneesh
Published: June 2018

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained attention of the scientific community from the last decade and are now considered as one of the most important source for low‐cost power production. The recent rapid progress in non‐fullerene acceptors in BHJ indicates that they have potential to compete with fullerene‐based BHJ OSCs. The present review addressed the systematic comparison among various acceptors (diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), benzothiadiazole (BTD) and perylenediimide (PDI) based acceptors) in order to design and improve the performance of small molecules based non‐fullerene acceptors. This review focuses on the performance of small molecule non‐fullerene acceptors based on DPP, BTD and PDI for OSCs with respect to the change in molecular structures, energy levels, and PCE. A systematic comparison on the effect of molecular architecture, side chains on their performance is provided with the intention of evaluating the challenge to make highly efficient acceptors for the next generation organic photovoltaics.
A review of textile industry: Wet processing, environmental impacts, and effluent treatment methods
Authors: Madhav Sughosh , Ahamad Arif , Singh Pardeep , Mishra Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2018

The word “textile” means to weave and was taken from the Latin word “texere.” Nowadays, textiles not only fulfill humankind's basic necessity for clothing, they also allow individuals to make fashion statements. As one of the oldest industries, the textile industry occupies a unique place in India. It is responsible for 14% of the total industrial manufacture in India. However, the textile industry is also considered to be one of the biggest threats to the environment. Pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations are among the various stages of the industrial textile manufacturing process. These fabrication operations not only utilize huge quantities of power and water, they also generate considerable amounts of waste. The textile industry utilizes a number of dyes, chemicals, and other materials to impart the required qualities to the fabrics. These operations produce a significant amount of effluents. The quality of effluents is such that they cannot be put to other uses, and they can create environmental problems if they are disposed of without appropriate treatment. This review discusses different textile processing stages, pollution problems associated with these stages, and their eco‐friendly alternatives. Textile wet processing is described in detail, as it is the key process in the industry and it also generates the greatest amount of pollutants in textile processing. The environmental impact of textile effluents is discussed, as textile effluents not only impose negative effects on the quality of water and soil, they also imperil plant and animal health. In this paper, various methods for treating textile effluents are described. Discussion of physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment technologies of effluent treatment are included in this paper.
Positive and negative aspects of GRI reporting as perceived by Brazilian organizations
Authors: Ferreira Quilice Thiago , Oranges Cezarino Luciana , Fernandes Rodrigues Alves Marlon , Bartocci Liboni Lara , Ferreira Caldana Adriana Cristina
Published: June 2018

This paper aims to identify the positive and negative aspects in the sustainability reporting framework proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The research was conducted through content analysis of 27 companies’ responses to three questions: “Why does the company where you work prepare a sustainability report?” “What are the positive aspects you identify in the framework for GRI reporting?” and “What are the negative aspects you identify in the framework for GRI reporting?” The questionnaire was sent to all Brazilian companies that published sustainability reports using the GRI guidelines between 2011 and 2013 related to the base year 2010. We found that respondents viewed the GRI guidelines and the reports they created as management tools for sustainability and that they assist in benchmarking sustainability performance and legitimizing the sustainability actions of the organization. Furthermore, some respondents indicated that the reports themselves are marketing tools. On the other hand, the respondents reported difficulties in understanding the proposed GRI guidelines. They considered the guidelines complex, ambiguous, and too flexible, which undermined both the standardization of the reports and the ability to compare reports. Based on these comments, it is recommended that the GRI develop a simpler and less flexible reporting methodology.