bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Disertai Teknik Berikan Uangnya terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 16 Padang
Authors: Nst Mutiara Nofa , Rahmi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar siswa masih rendah dan masih banyak yang belum mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM).  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah disertai teknik berikan uangnya lebih baik daripada hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Padang.  Jenis penelitan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan random terhadap subjek. Terpilih kelas VIII 6 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII 5 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes akhir berbentuk esai dengan reliabilitas tes. Statistik uji yang digunakan untuk pengujian hipotesis adalah uji t satu pihak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah disertai teknik berikan uangnya lebih baik daripada hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Padang.
The background of this research by outcomes of student study still low and still many students of yet reached the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). The purpose of this research to know what the outcomes of study mathematics students with apply the problem-based learning model with techniques give the money better than apply the conventional learning of study at eighth grade in SMPN 16 Padang. The kind of this research is experimental research with design is random by the subject. Selected class VIII 6 as experimental class and VIII 5 as control class. The instrument of this research is test like essay with use reliability = 0,7062. Statistic test used for hypothesis testing is t-test of the parties. Hypothesis test result obtain = 1,78 and = 1,67 with, then > so the hypothesis of this research is accepted. So, it can conclude that result of study in mathematics with apply the problem-based learning model with techniques give the money better than apply the conventional learning of study at eighth grade in SMPN 16 Padang.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Matematika Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Media Domat
Authors: Komariah Imas , Sundayana Rostina
Published: May 2024

Sebagian besar siswa SMP menganggap bahwa matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang sulit dipelajari dan membosankan. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena matematika bersifat abstrak serta pemilihan metode pembelajaran yang kurang tepat. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi para guru matematika untuk dapat menggunakan media pembelajaran yang dapat melibatkan siswa secara aktif belajar matematika, sehingga para siswa merasa senang belajar matematika. Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan media permainan DOMAT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas IX-A SMP Negeri 2 Tarogong Kidul. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah pada siklus I belum menunjukkan tercapainya indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan, yaitu jumlah siswa yang aktif sebanya 75% (27 orang). Artinya, pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus pertama belum berhasil dan harus dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya dengan perbaikan tindakan yang dianggap menjadi penyebab ketidakberhasilan. Pada siklus II sudah menunjukkan tercapainya indikator keberhasilan yang sudah ditetapkan, yaitu jumlah siswa yang aktif pada setiap pertemuan 75%. Artinya, pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus II sudah berhasil. Dengan demikian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan media permainan domat merupakan salah satu cara atau strategi untuk meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika.
Most junior high school students consider that math is a difficult subject to learn and bore. One reason is that mathematics is abstract and the choice of less precise learning method. It is a challenge for math teachers to be able to use instructional media that can involve students actively learning math, so that students feel happy learning math. The purpose of this classroom action research is to find out whether the use of DOMAT game media can improve the learning activity of grade IX-A students of SMP Negeri 2 Tarogong Kidul. The result of this study is that in cycle I has not shown the achievement of the established success indicators, i.e. the number of active students is 75% (27 people). That is, the implementation of the action in the first cycle has not been successful and should proceed to the next cycle with the improvement of the action considered to be the cause of the unsuccessfulness. In the second cycle has shown the achievement of a predetermined success indicator, i.e. the number of students who are active at each meeting 75%. That is, the implementation of action in cycle II has been successful. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of domat game media is one way or strategy to increase student activity in learning mathematics.
Mathematical Resilience Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Struktur Aljabar I Menggunakan Pendekatan Explisit Instruction Integrasi Peer Instruction
Authors: Komala Elsa
Published: May 2024

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan resiliensi matematik mahaisiwa dengan pendekatan explisit instruction integrasi peer instruction pada matakuliah Struktur Aljabar I.  Untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes soal Ujian Akhir Semester untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematis mahasiswa dan angket resiliensi matematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajarannya menggunakan pendekatan explisit instruction integrasi peer instruction memiliki resiliansi matematik sebagian besar positif, artinya mahasiswa memiliki sikap menyesuaikan diri terhadap pembelajaran matematika, yang memungkinkan mereka untuk terus belajar meskipun hambatan dan kesulitan terjadi, tekun, yakin dan tidak menyerah dengan kegagalan, mau mencoba ide-ide baru untuk menyelesaikan masalah matematis, mau bersosialisasi dan berdiskusi dengan lingkungan atau teman untuk mencari solusi lain dan menggunakan pengalaman kegagalannya untuk membangun motivasi dalam memunculkan ide dan menyelesaikan masalah matematis.
The purpose of this article is to describe the resilience of mathematics mahaisiwa with explicit explanation instruction of peer instruction integration in Algebra Structure I course. To get the result of research data used instrument in the form of test about final exam of Semester to know mathematical ability of student and mathematical resilience questionnaire. The result of the research indicates that the learning using explicit instruction approach of peer instruction integration has mostly positive mathematical resonance, meaning that students have the attitude of adjusting to mathematics learning, which enables them to keep learning even though obstacles and difficulties occur, assiduous, confident and do not give up with failure, want to try new ideas to solve mathematical problems, want to socialize and discuss with the environment or friends to find other solutions and use the experience of his failure to build motivation in generating ideas and solve mathematical problems.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Self-Confidence Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Cycle 7E
Authors: Sritresna Teni
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil penelitian-penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan masih rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-confidence siswa dalam belajar matematika. Learning Cycle 7E merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-confidence siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-confidence siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E dengan yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi siswa di salah satu SMP di Kabupaten Garut. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupas tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan skala sikap self-confidence siswa. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-confidence siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional.
This research is motivated by the results of previous studies which indicates the low ability of mathematical communication and self-confidence of students in learning mathematics. Learning Cycle 7E is one of the learning models that is expected to improve the ability of mathematical communication and self-confidence of students. The purpose of this study to determine the improvement of mathematical communication skills and self-confidence of students who get learning model of learning cycle 7E with which get the conventional learning model. This research is a quasi-experiment research with student population in one of junior high school in Garut. Sampling is done by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study examined the ability of mathematical communication and the scale of student self-confidence attitude. The result of data analysis shows that the improvement of mathematical communication ability and self-confidence of students who get the learning model of learning cycle 7E is better than students who get conventional learning.
Evaluating diagnostic significance: The utilization of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differential diagnosis in breast lesions
Authors: Wen Peng , Liu Lei , Pan Lili , Li Xiukun
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the identification of breast lesions subsequent to the optimization and correction of the BI-RADS category 4 classification obtained through conventional ultrasound. The objective is to augment both the specificity and accuracy of breast lesion diagnosis, thereby establishing a reliable framework for reducing unnecessary biopsies in clinical settings. METHODS: A cohort comprising 50 cases of breast lesions classified under BI-RADS category 4 was collected during the period from November 2022 and November 2023. These cases were examined utilizing strain elastography (SE), shear wave elastography (SWE), and CEUS. Novel scoring methodologies for ultrasonic elastography (UE) and CEUS were formulated for this investigation. Subsequently, the developed UE and CEUS scoring systems were used to refine and optimize the conventional BI-RADS classification, either in isolation or in conjunction. Based on the revised classification, the benign group was classified as category 3 and the suspected malignant group was classified as category 4a and above, with pathological results serving as the definitive reference standard. The diagnostic efficacy of the optimized UE and CEUS, both independently and in combination, was meticulously scrutinized and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with pathological findings as the reference standard. RESULTS: Within the study group, malignancy manifested in 11 cases. Prior to the implementation of the optimization criteria, 78% (39 out of 50) of patients underwent biopsies deemed unnecessary. Following the application of optimization criteria, specifically a threshold of≥8.5 points for the UE scoring method and≥6.5 points for the CEUS scoring method, the incidence of unnecessary biopsies diminished significantly. Reduction rates were observed at 53.8% (21 out of 39) with the UE protocol, 56.4% (22 out of 39) with the CEUS protocol, and 89.7% (35 out of 39) with the combined UE and CEUS optimization protocols. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound BI-RADS category 4 classification for breast lesions is enhanced following optimized correction using UE and CEUS, either independently or in conjunction. The application of the combined protocol demonstrates a notable reduction in the incidence of unnecessary biopsies.
Optimizing bone repair in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis complicated by fractures
Authors:   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dydykina I.S. , Kovalenko P.S. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kudinskiy D.M. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kovalenko A.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ivanova M.E. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2024

The article provides a brief summary of bone remodeling, including its stages, disorders, and correction. Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease in which bone resorption predominates over bone formation. OP is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, as well as a disturbance of bone microarchitecture. This leads to a decrease in bone strength and an increased risk of fractures. This paper describes a case of a woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OP complicated by low-trauma fractures. The authors emphasize that OP is a multifactorial disease and one of the most common bone diseases, particularly among the elderly. OP in RA is an immune- mediated secondary osteopathy and is considered both a comorbidity and complication of the underlying disease. Patients with RA have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher rate of fractures than the general population. Fractures can occur in individuals with osteopenia or normal BMD values. Therefore, it is important to carefully analyze the risk factors for OP and fractures when planning RA therapy. The ‘treat to target' strategy aims to achieve RA remission or reduce disease activity while also preventing complications, such as osteoporotic fractures. To manage bone metabolism disorders in patients with RA who also have osteoporosis and fractures, it is necessary to control RA activity and prescribe basic therapy for osteoporosis, such as ossein-hydroxyapatite complex and alfacalcidol, as well as pathogenic drugs that prevent bone resorption. Additionally, patients with osteoporosis and fractures require pain-reducing measures, restorative treatment, and rehabilitation. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians from various specialties. KEYWORDS: bone tissue structure, resorption, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, pharmacotherapy of bone metabolism disorders, ossein-hydroxyapatite complex. FOR CITATION: Dydykina I.S., Kovalenko P.S., Kudinskiy D.M., Kovalenko A.A., Ivanova M.E. Optimizing bone repair in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis complicated by fractures. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2024;8(2):94–101 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587- 6821-2024-8-2-7.
Demand for Fish in Urban Malawi: An Almost Ideal Estimation
Authors: Banda Fredrick Mangwaya , Edriss Abdi-Khalil , Jere Wilson Wesley , Phiri Horace
Published: May 2024

There is a general consensus, among marketers, that dealing with competition requires their engagement with customers so as to build strong customer relationships. The purpose of this study is to find factors that influence the demand for various fish species caught and consumed in Malawi. Previous studies treated fish as a homogenous commodity even though there are different species of fish. This study is, therefore, the first to provide a disaggregated analysis of the demand for fish in Malawi employing primary data collected from the households in Blantyre city using a multistage stratified random sampling procedure. Results indicate that all the fish species used in the study, except matemba (Barbus paludinosus), are complementary and normal goods. Policy implications arising from this study are two-fold namely; policymakers need to make sure that people have more income to buy more fish and make sure that the price of fish does not just rise anyhow.
Islamic Stock Indices and COVID-19: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Cipto Selamet Herman , Endri Endri , Haryono Yono , Hartanto Dhanang
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed the economy, affected human health, and claimed human lives in the world. This deadly virus is rapidly affecting every aspect of life in all countries. Almost every area of ​​life, from economics to politics, society to culture, has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; of course, this impact cannot be separated from the Sharia stocks sub-sector in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze and test the effects of COVID-19 on the response of Islamic stocks. Moreover, to see the difference between the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) sharia stocks and the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) in observations before COVID-19 and after COVID-19. This event study research aims to see the differences between the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) sharia stocks and the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) in observations before COVID-19 and observations after COVID-19. The data used in this study is secondary data already available and obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results of this study show a significant influence on stock prices before and after the announcement of COVID-19 in Indonesia on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). There is no significant effect on stock returns before and after the announcement of COVID-19 in Indonesia on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). There is no significant effect on abnormal returns before and after the announcement of COVID-19 in Indonesia on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). There was a significant influence on stock trading volume before and after the announcement of COVID-19 in Indonesia on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII).
The Impact of Political Involvement on Firms’ Financial Performance
Authors: Shira Ruba Khalid
Published: May 2024

Political involvement helps businesses to obtain key government resources and support. Political involvement assists businesses to take actions that reduce uncertainty, provide shield and environmental dependence from the environmental threats that can directly impact their performance. This study aims to investigate the impact of political involvement on banks’ sustainable performance in selected South Asian economies (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka). The data is collected from DataStream for the period of 2013-2022. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to analyze the results. The study finds that political involvement negatively affects the firm’s sustainable performance. This study is helpful for management of the organizations and shareholders to increase firm performance by reducing political involvement.
Exploring Shariah Governance Practices in Islamic Co-Operatives in Malaysia
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham , Salleh Supiah , Shafii Zurina , Hanefah Mustafa Mohd , Zakaria Nurazalia
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the current Shariah governance practices, Shariah function practices and Shariah governance issues and challenges in Islamic co-operatives in Malaysia. For this, a physical town hall session with 64 representatives from 39 Islamic co-operatives was conducted for data collection. The empirical finding indicates that the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of the Malaysia Co-operative Societies Commission (SKM) was perceived to play similar roles like the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and the Securities Commission of Malaysia (SC). Besides, management of Islamic co-operatives in Malaysia also see the need to create a Shariah committee at the co-operative level as part of good Shariah governance practices. Moreover, although more than half of the respondents admit that their respective co-operatives are already implementing Shariah governance practices, the implementation of Shariah function such as Shariah review and Shariah audit is still at the initial stage, with more than half of Islamic co-operatives yet to implement this Shariah function. In addition, several issues and challenges have been identified in the implementation of Shariah governance in Islamic co-operatives. This study is expected to contribute to enhancing Shariah governance practices in Islamic co-operatives to ensure better Shariah compliance.
Enhancing Housing Finance for Socio-Economic Stability in Uzbekistan
Authors: Olim Astanakulov , Balbaa Mumhammad Eid , Mukhabbatkhon Berdalieva , Batirova Nilufar , Dadabaev Umidjon
Published: May 2024

This study is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for improving housing finance in Uzbekistan in the period from 2018 to 2023. The purpose of the work is to identify key factors affecting the socio-economic stability of the country through the prism of housing sector development, and to develop practical recommendations for optimizing housing finance mechanisms. An analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of the housing sector in Uzbekistan for 2018-2023 revealed a positive trend in the growth of housing construction by 28.6% (from 12.3 million square meters in 2018 to 15.8 million square meters in 2023), an increase in the share of mortgage lending in the structure of housing finance from 23.4% to 41.7%, as well as an increase in the level of housing provision for the population increased from 15.9 sq.m. per person in 2018 to 17.4 sq.m. in 2023. At the same time, there are still imbalances in the territorial distribution of housing construction volumes and the availability of mortgage loans for various segments of the population. The econometric analysis showed that an increase in housing construction by 1% leads to an increase in GDP by 0.28%, and an increase in the share of mortgage lending by 1 percentage point contributes to a decrease in the unemployment rate by 0.14 percentage points.
SMB параметрлік әдісін қолданып, Балқаш көліндегі толқындардың биіктігін модельдеу
Authors: Бейсембекова Меруерт Кыдырхановна , Маемерова Гульнара Маратовна , Ракишева Зауре Баяновна
Published: May 2024

Океанография, метеорология және жағалау инженериясы саласында толқын биіктігін талдау және болжау шешуші рөл атқарады. Толқын биіктіктерінің негізінде жатқан статистикалық үлестірімдер толқындардың орташа және ең жоғарғы биіктіктеріне қатысты олардың қалай таралуын сипаттау үшін қажет. Бұл мақалада таралу функцияларының ішінде өте жиі қолданылатын Вейбулл және Рэлей таралу функциялары белгілі бір уақыт аралығында зерттеліп отырған аймақ үшін қоланылды. 2002-2021 ж.ж. аралығындағы RADS альтиметриялық ақпараттар қорынан алынған мәліметтер Балхаш көлі үшін статистикалық  талданды. Вейбулл және Рэлей таралу функциялары талданып жеке параметрлері анықталды. Толқынның орташа және максималды биіктігі екі таралу функциясының көмегімен бағаланды және бір бірімен салыстырылды.
Bestand und Wirkungen von Entscheiden im Zivilprozess
Authors:   , Müller Nicola
Published: May 2024

Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Bestand und den Rechtsfolgen von Entscheiden im zivilprozessualen Rechtsmittelsystem. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den zahlreichen dogmatischen und praktischen Fragen, die sich um das noch immer schwer greifbare Institut der aufschiebenden Wirkung ranken. Auf Basis tiefgreifender Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von formeller Rechtskraft und Entscheidwirkungen werden hierbei wissenschaftlich belastbare Grundlagen für den Umgang mit der aufschiebenden Wirkung entwickelt. Die Abhandlung enthält dabei nicht nur eine umfassende und systematische Darstellung des schweizerischen Rechts, sondern wirft auch einen vertieften Blick auf die entsprechende Rechtslage in Deutschland. Mit der Beantwortung einer Vielzahl praxisrelevanter Fragen richtet sie sich sodann neben der Wissenschaft auch an Gerichte sowie die Advokatur.
Two-stage excision of type III sacrococcygeal teratoma with massive abdominal extension in a 3-month-old girl: A case report with brief literaturereview
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K
Published: May 2024

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are the most common germ cell tumor in neonates occurring in approximately 1 in 30,000 to 40,000 births. Here in reporting a 3-month-old girl presented with rapid distension of the abdomen and a tumor-like growth at her right gluteal area, since birth. She also had features suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Clinical examination revealed marked distension of the abdomen, although it was soft and features suggestive of ascites. Visible bowel loops were also detected, suggesting intestinal obstruction. Her perineal/right gluteal examination revealed a soft-to-firm tumor. Her clinical and radiological investigations (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging scan of the abdomen, pelvis, and perineal area) were suggestive of SCT. Abdominal exploration was carried out on an emergency basis for intestinal obstruction, and the cystic tumor was partially excised. After a few days, the remaining pelvic and perineal parts of the tumor were completely excised through posterior, sagittal incision. Her post-operative recovery was uneventful, and she was discharged in good condition. Her resected specimens were subjected to histology and were reported as mature teratoma, without any evidence of malignancy. She was doing well, without a recurrence, in a follow-up done 2 year after the surgical procedures.
Immunotherapy approaches for managing allergic conditions in children – A narrative review
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Agrawal Rashmi
Published: May 2024

Allergic reactions in children are a major concern globally. The ever-changing environment, exposure to new and chemically altered compounds, genetically modified food products, variations in hygiene parameters, and most importantly, questionable immunity, together influence the pattern of allergic diseases in children. The most favorable and convenient mode of treatment sought is the use of over-the-counter drugs like antihistamines. However, they tend to lose their efficacy when used over a long period of time. Immunotherapy, for the management of allergic conditions, is considered a gold standard and is still a promising tool. Subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy together comprise the two modes of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Each method differs in its mode of administration and role in allergic diseases, in terms of, efficacy and safety measures. The choice between the two is dependent on the type of allergic disease and personal preferences opted either by the specific patient, or by the health-care professional involved in the treatment. The convenience of administration and compliance are also major grounds to consider while opting for the most appropriate mode of treatment. This review hence highlights new advancements in the field of immunotherapy, the efforts to achieve the goals envisioned and literature focusing on better outcomes in managing allergic reactions.
Peculiarities of investment and innovation potential in the assessment of the development of agribusiness enterprises
Authors: Zalevskyi Yu. , Myniv R.
Published: May 2024

Three main criteria of investment-innovation potential of agricultural sector enterprises are identified: investment-innovation potential is a set of resources necessary for investment-innovation activities; investment and innovation potential is primarily related to the possibility and conditions (both internal and external) of using resources; investment and innovation potential should be aimed at the optimal use of investment and innovation resources to ensure the effective operation of this development subject. This allows for the identification of resource, organizational, economic and performance components that are key components of investment and innovation opportunities. A step-by-subject characterization of the investment-innovation potential of agro-industrial complex enterprises and a methodology for assessing the investment-innovation potential have been developed, which allows to qualitatively assess the investment-innovation potential of agricultural and processing enterprises (including special groups of indicators that take into account the specifics of their activities) and evaluate and compare them among themselves. It is proved that the inactivity of agricultural commodity producers in mastering the achievements of science and technology is due to the lack of a developed intermediate connection between science and production, which provides the most complete information about the modern achievements of science and technology to producers of raw materials. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that at the current stage of development in domestic agriculture, the main subjects of innovative infrastructure can become agricultural technology parks and information and consulting centers, which are part of a single information and consulting service. Considering the peculiarities of the domestic agro-industrial complex, it is considered most expedient to create an agro-technological park in the form of a non-commercial partnership, which will contribute to the integration of multifaceted resources. organizations, mainly highly efficient agricultural commodity producers and educational establishments of higher education institutions, capable of carrying out innovative activities to achieve a common goal - innovative development of the agrarian sector of the economy. Agrotechnoparks should be created based on the product base, that is, their activities should be aimed at innovative development of agricultural production and the development of certain types of products. Agrotechnopark can be considered as a set of administrative, production, educational, research and marketing divisions.
Modern trends in the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Lviv region
Authors: Shulskyi M. , Dyndyn V.
Published: May 2024

When embarking on specific scientific research on the chosen topic, the essence of the principal terms used in the study is clarified. They can be grouped into two groups, namely: the first group - business entities (enterprises, farms, households); the second group: availability of farm animals, volume of production, productivity of cows, and average annual yield of milk from one cow. Although farms are presented as a separate form of business, later, these farms are included in enterprises. We do not support such inclusion but believe that each form of business should occupy its separate niche in the business system. As for households, this name also requires improvement. Indicators that fully reflect the consequences of reforms are of considerable interest to the study results. The number of cows in the Lviv region as a whole and in individual farming has a clear tendency to decrease. At the same time, it is worth noting that the number of cows decreased significantly more in large farms (enterprises) than in small farms (households of the population). This negative trend must be radically changed. Under any conditions, the future lies in large-scale forms of business. In the gross production of milk, negative trends are also observed - significant reductions in the production of products in dairy farming. Regarding the productivity of cows, it is worth noting that the indicators increased during the studied period. Methodical approaches largely explain the corresponding growth. To determine this indicator, the number of cows should not be taken at the beginning of the year, but the average annual number, based on the total amount of feed days per year, which should be divided by the number of days in the year.
Theoretical foundations of the formation of a circular model of the economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine
Authors: Maksym V. , Chemerys V. , Dushka V. , Susak O.
Published: May 2024

The transition from a linear model of the economy to a circular one is necessary for increasing the ecological and economic efficiency of production systems and ensuring sustainable development. Modern views on waste management in the agro-industrial complex involve an emphasis on the implementation of the latest approaches to their processing, reuse, or minimization of use in the production cycle, which corresponds to the main principles of the development of the circular economy model, the concept of which is focused on environmental protection. The article studies the theoretical foundations of developing the closed-cycle economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. It was established that the term circular economy should be understood as the concept of rational management of limited resources, the basis of which is the minimization of production waste through their reuse and processing into other products, intending to achieve a higher level of productivity of their use and reduce the negative impact of production on the environment. A diagram of inter-sectoral relations in the agricultural industry of Ukraine regarding the flow of raw materials and the main types of waste from agricultural production and processing of agricultural products has been built. The main socio-economic driving forces for promoting the development of the circular model of the economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine to achieve the goals of the sustainable development strategy are defined and substantiated. The main prerequisites include the development of innovative activity in agro-industrial complex enterprises, financial support for the implementation of promising innovative resource-saving technologies aimed at minimizing waste and its processing, the development of inter-sectoral relations in the agro-industrial complex, improvement of regulatory and legal regulation and promotion of the development of a closed-loop economy, as well as the level socio-cultural development of society in the context of spreading the necessary outlook on environmental protection from the harmful effects of waste.
Index of profitability of livestock production in Ukraine
Authors: Chemerys V. , Maksym V. , Dushka V. , Kryvishyn A.
Published: May 2024

One of the essential factors in the development of animal husbandry is the ratio of product sales prices to the cost of feed spent on its production. In the structure of production costs of the main types of animal husbandry products in Ukraine, the specific weight of feed is from 50 - in cattle breeding and sheep breeding to 90% in poultry farming, which is why increasing the profitability of using feed in specialized enterprises of the industry is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring their economically efficient functioning. The article studies the potential level of the profitability index for the main areas of livestock production in Ukraine in wartime conditions. The possible potential level of the profitability index of animal husbandry in Ukraine at the level of enterprises was determined using the technological standards of feed costs for the production of the main types of products. An assessment of the profitability index in the main directions of animal husbandry was carried out, and the main factors affecting its value were substantiated. The probable price structure of the sale of the main types of animal husbandry products in Ukraine was determined, and the degree of influence of the profitability index's value on the profitability level of the sale of animal husbandry products was calculated. According to the study results, it was determined that in war conditions, a favorable parity between the price of products sold and the cost of fodder for production was formed for the industry enterprises. The high level of the index is due to the increase in purchase prices for livestock products at a time when the prices of feed grains, in particular wheat, corn, barley, and oats, have decreased significantly due to the accumulation of significant stocks due to export restrictions, which led to an increase in supply raw materials on the domestic market. The highest level of the profitability index for 2024 is predicted for enterprises that raise pigs and poultry for meat and milk and egg producers, which allows receiving about 36-50% of gross profit concerning the sales price. However, raising cattle and sheep for meat is characterized by a relatively low profitability index of 1.55-1.73, corresponding to the limit between profitability and unprofitability of production. To increase the profitability index of livestock products in Ukraine, it is necessary to implement a complex set of organizational, economic, and technological measures regarding the rational use of feed and the increase in the productivity of animal husbandry.
PERBEDAAN KUALITAS KOMPOS SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA BERDASARKAN JENIS AKTIVATOR
Authors: Rahmawati Ullya , Gustina Mely
Published: May 2024

Sampah erat kaitannya dengan pencemaran lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat, karena dari sampah tersebut akan hidup berbagai mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit dan juga binatang/ serangga pemindah atau penyebar penyakit (Notoadmodjo, 2007). Mengacu pada UU no 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah, Salah satu cara yang efektif dalam mengurangi jumlah timbulan sampah dari sumbernya di antaranya berupa pemanfaatan kembali sampah organic menjadi kompos yang dapat dipercepat dengan menggunakan activator mikroorganisme local (mol) tanpa menimbulkan aroma yang tidak sedap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas kompos sampah rumah tangga berdasarkan jenis activator. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimen sedangkan desain penelitian adalah post test only with kontrol group design. Hasil uji statistik kruskall wallis test dilanjutkan dengan uji u mann whitney didapatkan ada perbedaan kandungan phosphor kompos mol bonggol pisang dan kompos mol limbah pisang (p=0,008) dan ada perbedaan kandungan phosphor kompos mol bonggol pisang dan kompos tanpa aktivator (p=0,008) didapatkan ada perbedaan kualitas kompos sampah rumah tangga berdasarkan jenis activator (p=0,000). Saran yang dapat diberikan sebaiknya dilakukan penambahan dosis mol dalam pembuatan kompos.
UK ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Kukharyk Viktoriia , Romaniuk Nataliia ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: May 2024

The conceptual foundations of the United Kingdom’s economic diplomacy after Brexit is investigated in the paper. The role of economic diplomacy in supporting the country’s leadership and protecting national interests is analyzed. The program of economic diplomacy across five key areas: trade policy, shaping international norms and standards, concluding bilateral and multilateral agreements, participation in international organizations, and economic governance is systematized in the study. It is noted that the UK’s economic diplomacy system is based on a «whole-of-government» approach involving the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the De- partment for Business and Trade. This comprehensive strategy integrates efforts across external relations, domestic policy, commercial activity, and institutional development to consolidate the promotion of the United Kingdom’s national interests. The evolution of UK government agencies responsible for business, industry, and trade, leading to the establishment of the DBT in 2023 is examined in the research. The DBT’s key priorities, including economic growth, business support, promoting companies in global markets, fostering competition, advocating free trade, protecting business interests, supporting innovation, and leveraging post-Brexit opportunities are highlighted in the paper. It is distinguished that after Brexit, Britain seeks to diversify its trade ties by negotiating new bilateral free trade agreements and joining multilateral trade deals. It is noted that membership in the IMF, OECD, and G7 is crucial for the UK’s role in the global economy. Participation in shaping international norms and standards within organizations like the OECD and the World Customs Organization allowing Britain to play an active role in defining the «rules of the game» in global economic affairs and promoting its approaches in regulating trade, investment, and competition. It is concluded that economic diplomacy is a key instrument for advancing the UK’s trade, investment, and economic interests globally in the post-Brexit era.
THE ROLE OF FISCAL POLICY IN THE MACRO-FINANCIAL STABILITY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Galustian Robert
Published: May 2024

In the light of growing economic challenges and in the time of the war, the role of fiscal policy in macro-financial stability becomes extremely important for ensuring economic stability and development in Ukraine. Fiscal policy as an important mechanism for managing the state's financial flows, determines not only the amount of tax revenues and expenditures, but also affects inflation, employment, and other macroeconomic indicators. Consideration of its role in the context of macro-financial stability is of strategic importance for the development of effective strategies for managing economic resources and ensuring the sustainability of the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of fiscal policy in the macro-financial stability of Ukraine. The study used general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, a critical analysis of the available scientific literature on the implementation of the state fiscal policy and its impact on macro-financial stability and economic growth, data compilation related to the systematization of tasks and principles, as well as methods of induction and deduction. It reveals how effective fiscal policy can act as an effective tool for maintaining stability, avoiding the growth of public debt, and directing resources to strategically important sectors of the economy, contributing to the sustainable economic development of the country in conditions of uncertainty and conflict. Effective implementa- tion of fiscal policy enables the government to manage economic cycles, smooth out imbalances, and respond to fiscal shocks. This contributes to the formation of the country's financial security, increasing its competitiveness and limiting the shadow economy. It is concluded that fiscal policy plays a significant role in the formation of financial and economic security of the country, and significantly affects the competitiveness of the national economy even for the development of the shadow economy. The publication analyzes important elements of interaction between fiscal policy and the macro-financial stability of the State. It is concluded that a decrease in tax pressure or an increase in expenditures in certain sectors of the economy will affect macro-financial stability, ensuring a balance between financial resources and public needs.
DYNAMICS OF THE LEADING STOCK INDEXES AND THE KEY CREDIT RATE OF THE US DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Dergachova Viktoriia , Holiuk Viktoriia ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Manaienko Iryna ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the dynamics of the key credit rate of the Fed – Federal Funds Effective Rate, stock indices Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P500, NASDAQ Composite and the rates of economic growth of the American and the world economies in 2022–2024. The study confirmed, that stock indexes are the first to react to events that are important for the world economy. In particular, their dynamics reflected the risks of price increases expected by investors on the fuel and grain markets. The article reveals that the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine caused a number of negative consequences both for the world economy in general and for individual countries in particular. Tremendous humanitarian and economic loses were faced by Ukraine. European countries, which were connected to the participants in the conflict by trade and logistical ties, as well as property relations at the level of enterprises, suffered the most comparing to the other economic world. The American economy was less affected, but in anticipation of a surge in inflation, the Fed was forced to raise interest rates, which slowed economic growth in the United States. In general, the conflict led to a decrease in the growth rate of the global economy. The article concludes on the success of the tight monetary policy of the United States in reducing inflationary pressure. This gives reason to expect a decrease in the federal funds rate in the near future, which is also evidenced by the positive dynamics of stock market indices. However, given the lack of visible prospects for ending the Russian-Ukrainian war, a further slow- down in the pace of economic growth of both the global and American economies is expected. The study has also used correlation analysis, which hasn’t revealed a significant correlation between the dynamics of the Federal Funds Effective Rate and the studied stock indices S&P500, DJIA and NASDAQ Composite, which can be explained by the possible non-linear nature of the relationship between the discount rate and stock indices, which will be the subject of further studies.
CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF THE ACTIVITIES OF JOINT INVESTMENT INSTITUTIONS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Bykova Adel , Lebid Andrii ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: May 2024

Mutual investment institutions are key participants in the financial system of each country, playing a significant role in the mobilization and efficient allocation of capital. However, with the development of the global financial market and the growth of competition, new challenges and questions arise regarding the effectiveness of joint investment institutions in the national economy. The problem is to study the characteristics and peculiarities of joint investment institutes in the context of modern trends and challenges of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to systematize and analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of the activities of joint investment institutions in the national economy, taking into account modern trends and challenges, as well as to determine the key aspects of the functioning of these institutions and to determine ways of their further improvement to ensure the stability and efficiency of the financial system. The object of the study is the institutions of joint investment in the national economy, while the subject of the study is the characteristics, functions and impact on economic development. Various methods were used to achieve the goal of the research, including the analysis of scientific articles on the subject under investigation, as well as statistical analysis of the Ukrainian market of joint investment institutions. A thorough analysis of the state of joint investment institutions was carried out, the key problems and challenges they face were identified. Their role and influence on the economic development of the country were analyzed, as well as specific ways of optimizing their activities were proposed. Based on the conducted research, the author concluded that there is a need to intensify regulation and supervision of the activities of joint investment institutions in order to ensure their stability and efficiency. Recommendations are also provided for improving risk management strategies and developing new investment products to ensure the competitiveness of joint investment institutions in modern market conditions.