bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Tensor Completion Based on Gradient Descent and Nonconvex Penalty
Authors: Xu Kai , Xiong Zhi
Published: December 2019

Existing tensor completion methods all require some hyperparameters. However, these hyperparameters determine the performance of each method, and it is difficult to tune them. In this paper, we propose a novel nonparametric tensor completion method, which formulates tensor completion as an unconstrained optimization problem and designs an efficient iterative method to solve it. In each iteration, we not only calculate the missing entries by the aid of data correlation, but consider the low-rank of tensor and the convergence speed of iteration. Our iteration is based on the gradient descent method, and approximates the gradient descent direction with tensor matricization and singular value decomposition. Considering the symmetry of every dimension of a tensor, the optimal unfolding direction in each iteration may be different. So we select the optimal unfolding direction by scaled latent nuclear norm in each iteration. Moreover, we design formula for the iteration step-size based on the nonconvex penalty. During the iterative process, we store the tensor in sparsity and adopt the power method to compute the maximum singular value quickly. The experiments of image inpainting and link prediction show that our method is competitive with six state-of-the-art methods.
Quantum Estimates of Ostrowski Inequalities for Generalized ϕ-Convex Functions
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel J. , Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana , Hernández Jorge E. Hernández
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the study is focused on the quantum estimates of Ostrowski type inequalities for q-differentiable functions involving the special function introduced by R.K. Raina which depends on certain parameters. Our methodology involves Jackson’s q-integral, the basic concepts of quantum calculus, and a generalization of a class of special functions used in the frame of convex sets and convex functions. As a main result, some quantum estimates for the aforementioned inequality are established and some cases involving the special hypergeometric and Mittag–Leffler functions have been studied and some known results are deduced.
A Rapid Extraction Method Combined with a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Amatoxins
Authors: Bever Candace S. , Hnasko Robert M. , Cheng Luisa W. , Stanker Larry H.
Published: December 2019

Amatoxins (AMAs) are lethal toxins found in a variety of mushroom species. Detection methods are needed to determine the occurrence of AMAs in mushroom species suspected in mushroom poisonings. In this manuscript, we report the generation of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, AMA9G3 and AMA9C12) and the development of a competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) that is sensitive at 1 ng mL−1 and shows selectivity for α-amanitin (α-AMA) and γ-amanitin (γ-AMA), and less for β-amanitin (β-AMA). In order to decrease the overall time needed for analysis, the extraction procedure for mushrooms was also simplified. A rapid (1 min) extraction procedure of AMAs using solvents as simple as water alone was successfully demonstrated using Amanita mushrooms. Together, the extraction method and the mAb-based ELISA represent a simple and rapid method that readily detects AMAs extracted from mushroom samples.
Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Queensland Honey: Using Low Temperature Chromatography to Resolve Stereoisomers and Identify Botanical Sources by UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Hungerford Natasha , Carter Steve , Anuj Shalona , Tan Benjamin , Hnatko Darina , Martin Christopher , Sharma Elipsha , Yin Mukan , Nguyen Thao , Melksham Kevin , Fletcher Mary
Published: December 2019

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites with known varied toxicity. Consumption of 1,2-unsaturated PAs has been linked to acute and chronic liver damage, carcinogenicity and death, in livestock and humans, making their presence in food of concern to food regulators in Australia and internationally. In this survey, honey samples sourced from markets and shops in Queensland (Australia), were analysed by high-resolution Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS for 30 common PAs. Relationships between the occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and the botanical origin of the honey are essential as pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination at up to 3300 ng/g were detected. In this study, the predominant alkaloids detected were isomeric PAs, lycopsamine, indicine and intermedine, exhibiting identical MS/MS spectra, along with lesser amounts of each of their N-oxides. Crucially, chromatographic UHPLC conditions were optimised by operation at low temperature (5 °C) to resolve these key isomeric PAs. Such separation of these isomers by UHPLC, enabled the relative proportions of these PAs present in honey to be compared to alkaloid levels in suspect source plants. Overall plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles were compared to those found in honey samples to help identify the most important plants responsible for honey contamination. The native Australian vines of Parsonsia spp. are proposed as a likely contributor to high levels of lycopsamine in many of the honeys surveyed. Botanical origin information such as this, gained via low temperature chromatographic resolution of isomeric PAs, will be very valuable in identifying region of origin for honey samples.
Co-Occurrence of DON and Emerging Mycotoxins in Worldwide Finished Pig Feed and Their Combined Toxicity in Intestinal Cells
Authors: Khoshal Abdullah Khan , Novak Barbara , Martin Pascal G. P. , Jenkins Timothy , Neves Manon , Schatzmayr Gerd , Oswald Isabelle P. , Pinton Philippe
Published: December 2019

Food and feed can be naturally contaminated by several mycotoxins, and concern about the hazard of exposure to mycotoxin mixtures is increasing. In this study, more than 800 metabolites were analyzed in 524 finished pig feed samples collected worldwide. Eighty-eight percent of the samples were co-contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and other regulated/emerging mycotoxins. The Top 60 emerging/regulated mycotoxins co-occurring with DON in pig feed shows that 48%, 13%, 8% and 12% are produced by Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Alternaria species, respectively. Then, the individual and combined toxicity of DON and the 10 most prevalent emerging mycotoxins (brevianamide F, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Tyr), tryptophol, enniatins A1, B, B1, emodin, aurofusarin, beauvericin and apicidin) was measured at three ratios corresponding to pig feed contamination. Toxicity was assessed by measuring the viability of intestinal porcine epithelial cells, IPEC-1, at 48-h. BRV-F, Cyclo and TRPT did not alter cell viability. The other metabolites were ranked in the following order of toxicity: apicidin > enniatin A1 > DON > beauvericin > enniatin B > enniatin B1 > emodin > aurofusarin. In most of the mixtures, combined toxicity was similar to the toxicity of DON alone. In terms of pig health, these results demonstrate that the co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that we tested with DON does not exacerbate toxicity.
The Flipside of Eradicating a Disease; Human African Trypanosomiasis in a Woman in Rural Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case Report
Authors: Mudji Junior , Benhamou Jonathan , Mwamba-Miaka Erick , Burri Christian , Blum Johannes
Published: December 2019

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies that progresses in two phases. Symptoms in the first phase include fever, headaches, pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and in certain cases, hepato- and splenomegaly. Neurological disorders such as sleep disorder, aggressive behavior, logorrhea, psychotic reactions, and mood changes are signs of the second stage of the disease. Diagnosis follows complex algorithms, including serological testing and microscopy. Our case report illustrates the course of events of a 41-year old woman with sleep disorder, among other neurological symptoms, whose diagnosis was made seven months after the onset of symptoms. The patient had consulted two different hospitals in Kinshasa and was on the verge of being discharged from a third due to negative laboratory test results. This case report highlights the challenges that may arise when a disease is on the verge of eradication.
A Novel Bacterium-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Displaying the SUDV Glycoprotein Induces Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Xu Shengnan , Jiao Cuicui , Jin Hongli , Li Wujian , Li Entao , Cao Zengguo , Shi Zhikang , Yan Feihu , Zhang Shengnan , He Hongbin , Chi Hang , Feng Na , Zhao Yongkun , Gao Yuwei , Yang Songtao , Wang Jianzhong , Wang Hualei , Xia Xianzhu
Published: December 2019

Sudan virus (SUDV) causes severe lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. The most effective and economical way to protect against Sudan ebolavirus disease is prophylactic vaccination. However, there are no licensed vaccines to prevent SUDV infections. In this study, a bacterium-like particle (BLP)-based vaccine displaying the extracellular domain of the SUDV glycoprotein (eGP) was developed based on a gram-positive enhancer matrix-protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system. Expression of the recombinant GEM-displayed eGP (eGP-PA-GEM) was verified by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The SUDV BLPs (SBLPs), which were mixed with Montanide ISA 201VG plus Poly (I:C) combined adjuvant, could induce high SUDV GP-specific IgG titers of up to 1:40,960 and robust virus-neutralizing antibody titers reached 1:460. The SBLP also elicited T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated immunity. These data indicate that the SBLP subunit vaccine has the potential to be developed into a promising candidate vaccine against SUDV infections.
Tilapia Lake Virus Does Not Hemagglutinate Avian and Piscine Erythrocytes and NH4Cl Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication In Vitro
Authors: Chengula Augustino Alfred , Mutoloki Stephen , Evensen Øystein , Munang’andu Hetron Mweemba
Published: December 2019

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) icosahedral virus classified to be the only member in the family Amnoonviridae. Although TiLV segment-1 shares homology with the influenza C virus PB1 and has four conserved motifs similar to influenza A, B, and C polymerases, it is unknown whether there are other properties shared between TiLV and orthomyxovirus. In the present study, we wanted to determine whether TiLV agglutinated avian and piscine erythrocytes, and whether its replication was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents, such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), as seen for orthomyxoviruses. Our findings showed that influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8 (PR8) was able to hemagglutinate turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) red blood cells (RBCs), while infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) only agglutinated Atlantic salmon, but not turkey or tilapia, RBCs. In contrast to PR8 and ISAV, TiLV did not agglutinate turkey, Atlantic salmon, or tilapia RBCs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 30 mM NH4Cl, a basic lysosomotropic agent, neither inhibited nor enhanced TiLV replication in E-11 cells. There was no difference in viral quantities in the infected cells with or without NH4Cl treatment during virus adsorption or at 1, 2, and 3 h post-infection. Given that hemagglutinin proteins that bind RBCs also serve as ligands that bind host cells during virus entry leading to endocytosis in orthomyxoviruses, the data presented here suggest that TiLV may use mechanisms that are different from orthomyxoviruses for entry and replication in host cells. Therefore, future studies should seek to elucidate the mechanisms used by TiLV for entry into host cells and to determine its mode of replication in infected cells.
Conserving Rivers and Their Biodiversity in Tanzania
Authors: Seeteram Nadia A. , Hyera Pendo T. , Kaaya Lulu T. , Lalika Makarius C. S. , Anderson Elizabeth P.
Published: December 2019

The United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) is rich in freshwater resources and biodiversity. In this article, we highlight the importance of Tanzanian rivers and make a case for the conservation of the freshwater and terrestrial species that rely on these rivers. We provide an overview of current knowledge on Tanzanian rivers and discuss progress towards implementation of the National Water Policy (2002) and Water Management Act (2009), two legislative instruments that have motivated environmental flow assessments on at least six major rivers and offer legal backing for river conservation. We examine major challenges that pose significant threats to water security for river ecosystems and humans in Tanzania, among those: (1) human population growth, (2) agricultural expansion, (3) river flow alterations, (4) industrialization, (5) introduced species, and (6) climate change. We conclude by offering recommendations for future river conservation efforts in Tanzania.
Projecting Future Impacts of Global Change Including Fires on Soil Erosion to Anticipate Better Land Management in the Forests of NW Portugal
Authors: Pastor Amandine Valérie , Nunes Joao Pedro , Ciampalini Rossano , Koopmans Myke , Baartman Jantiene , Huard Frédéric , Calheiros Tomas , Le-Bissonnais Yves , Keizer Jan Jacob , Raclot Damien
Published: December 2019

Wildfire is known to create the pre-conditions leading to accelerated soil erosion. Unfortunately, its occurrence is expected to increase with climate change. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of fire on runoff and soil erosion in a context of global change, and to evaluate the effectiveness of mulching as a post-fire erosion mitigation measure. For this, the long-term soil erosion model LandSoil was calibrated for a Mediterranean catchment in north-central Portugal that burnt in 2011. LandSoil was then applied for a 20-year period to quantify the separate and combined hydrological and erosion impacts of fire frequency and of post-fire mulching using four plausible site-specific land use and management scenarios (S1. business-as-usual, S2. market-oriented, S3. environmental protection and S4. sustainable trade-off) and an intermediate climate change scenario Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 by 2050. The obtained results showed that: (i) fire had a reduced impact on runoff generation in the studied catchment (<5%) but a marked impact on sediment yield (SY) by about 30%; (ii) eucalypt intensification combined with climate change and fires can increase SY by threefold and (iii) post-fire mulching, combined with riparian vegetation maintenance/restoration and reduced tillage at the landscape level, was highly effective to mitigate soil erosion under global change and associated, increased fire frequency (up to 50% reduction). This study shows how field monitoring data can be combined with numerical erosion modeling to segregate the prominent processes occurring in post forest fire conditions and find the best management pathways to meet international goals on achieving land degradation neutrality (LDN).
Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Use Efficiency in China
Authors: Zhang Wenge , Du Xianzeng , Huang Anqi , Yin Huijuan
Published: December 2019

Proper water use requires its monitoring and evaluation. An indexes system of overall water use efficiency is constructed here that covers water consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP, the coefficient of effective utilization of irrigation water, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial value added, domestic water consumption per capita of residents, and the proportion of water function zone in key rivers and lakes complying with water-quality standards and is applied to 31 provinces in China. Efficiency is first evaluated by a projection pursuit cluster model. Multidimensional efficiency data are transformed into a low-dimensional subspace, and the accelerating genetic algorithm then optimizes the projection direction, which determines the overall efficiency index. The index reveals great variety in regional water use, with Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, and Shandong showing highest efficiency. Shanxi, Liaoning, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Henan, Shanxi, and Gansu also use water with high efficiency. Medium efficiency occurs in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Hainan, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Low efficiency is found for Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. Tibet is the least efficient. The optimal projection direction is a* = (0.3533, 0.7014, 0.4538, 0.3315, 0.1217), and the degree of influence of agricultural irrigation efficiency, water consumption per industrial profit, water used per gross domestic product (GDP), domestic water consumption per capita of residents, and environmental water quality on the result has decreased in turn. This may aid decision making to improve overall water use efficiency across China.
Numerical Analysis of Woltman Meter Accuracy under Flow Perturbations
Authors: Palau Carmen V. , Balbastre Iban , Manzano Juan , Azevedo Benito M. , Bomfim Guilherme V.
Published: December 2019

One of the unknowns in the instrumentation for water measurement is what degree of influence other hydraulic elements exert on the velocity profile and, consequently, on the measurement errors. In this work, the measurement errors of a horizontal-axis Woltman meter produced by a gate valve and by a butterfly valve in different hydraulic configurations were studied using a simplified numerical model. The gate valve was installed beside the meter and three pipe diameters upstream of the meter and were operated with closures of 75%, 50% and 25%, while the butterfly valve was installed at three pipe diameters upstream of the meter with closures of 0° (open) and 30°. The numerical model based on the rotor’s torque balance equations and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was validated by experimental tests. According to the results, it was concluded that the proposed model is valid and capable of estimating the errors caused by the hydraulic fittings arranged next to the meter. In addition, it is evident that for the analysed operating range, both valves must be installed at least three diameters of straight pipe upstream of the meter.
Toxicity Abatement of Wastewaters from Tourism Units by Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Calheiros Cristina S. C. , Castro Paula M. L. , Gavina Ana , Pereira Ruth
Published: December 2019

The present research intended to investigate the toxicity abatement of domestic wastewater after passing a biosystem composed of a constructed wetland (CW) followed by a pond. The wastewater was generated in a tourism house in a rural and mountainous context and passed through a septic tank before being diverted to a CW followed by a pond. A battery of ecotoxicological tests, comprising microalgae (Raphidocelis subcapitata), macrophytes (Lemna minor), cladocerans (Daphnia magna), and bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), was used to assess the toxicity of the wastewater collected before and after the CW and the water of the pond. Physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, phosphates, ammonium, and nitrate) were also determined. The CW was able to remove carbon and nutrients from the water with a concomitant reduction of its toxicity. This study, reinforced the added value of using toxicity tests as a complement to CW operational monitoring to validate the solution and to analyze possible readjustments that may be required to improve efficiency. This study lends further support to the claim that CWs can be a sustainable solution for treating small volumes of domestic wastewater in a rural context.
DESARROLLO DE UNA UNIDAD ESTRATÉGICA DE NEGOCIOS EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: EL CENTRO DE IDIOMAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Torres Salvador Cristian Fernando
Published: December 2019

La Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino es la Universidad Privada con mayor población estudiantil de Bolivia. En el año 2007, la Universidad creó su Centro de Idiomas ofertando inicialmente cursos de inglés y ampliando su oferta académica a cursos de otras lenguas extranjeras y las lenguas nativas oficiales del Estado. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo plantear el cómo convertir el centro de idiomas en una unidad estratégica de negocios, con autonomía en la toma de decisiones e independencia de los procesos críticos, manteniendo únicamente algunas áreas centralizadas, con el objetivo de facilitar la gestión y garantizar el crecimiento sostenible de la unidad a lo largo del tiempo. Se concluyó en la necesidad e importancia de hacer uso de herramientas de administración y dirección de empresas para el análisis de la información obtenida a través de entrevistas y estudio de la documentación de la institución, con el objetivo de aplicar las mismas en beneficio de la gestión de la Unidad Estratégica de negocios, bajo principios de calidad y eficiencia.
PROYECTO DE DESCOLONIZACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN EDUCATIVA POR GESTIÓN EDUCATIVA
Authors: Arroyo Saavedra Marcelo Julio
Published: December 2019

El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer la descolonización de la actual administración educativa, que no denota una Gestión Educativa. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo de este estudio estuvo enmarcada en la investigación socio crítica de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo. Los resultados arrojados en este estudio muestra que los procesos educativos en Bolivia están atravesando cambios; los más importantes desde su enfoque descolonizador que alienta la producción en forma comunitaria y promueve la constitución de comunidades de producción y transformación educativa, a través de la implementación del modelo educativo socio comunitario productivo. Se concluyó que la descolonización es una forma de recuperar la autoestima, rescatar nuestros valores culturales y tecnología acorde con la realidad.
Estudo histórico da evolução da máxima hipocrática, originalmente elaborada em grego no tratado Epidemias, de Hipócrates. I. 5, à máxima latina que, na tradição, foi atestada por Lactâncio em seu Epítome das instituições divinas, Capítulo 60
Authors: Dias Mayoro
Published: December 2019

No presente artigo, a proposta consiste em estudar os escritos que provavelmente influenciaram Lactâncio na inversão por ele empreendida da máxima hipocrática relacionada a ele. Sustentamos que Lactâncio sesitua, possivelmente, na tradição das “duas vias” (duae viae), que aparenta influenciar bastante os seus escritos, sobretudo as obras As Instituições divinas e o Epítome das Instituições. Almejamos conhecer as fontes de inspiração de Lactâncio. Entretanto, diante disso, há dois problemas maiores que, neste artigo, gostaríamos de resolver. Buscamos, antes de tudo, saber em que momento a máxima hipocrática em grego evoluiu para a inversão dos termos na versão latina. Procuramos saber, em seguida, as possíveis influências da religião cristã na inversão que consta nos textos de Lactâncio, autor responsável por transmitir, aos seus sucessores, a fórmula hipocrática em latim. Em suma, trata-se de saber como e sob as influências de quais autores latinos Lactâncio recebeu a fórmula hipocrática utilizada no serviço da ética médica para ser usada na educação moral judaico-cristã
Une coseigneurie au fil des siècles : Mouret en Rouergue, XIe-XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Campech Sylvie , Calmés Christophe , Escande Florence , Hautefeuille Florent , Pousthomis-Dalle Nelly , Pousthomis Bernard , Pradalié Gérard , Stephant Pierrick
Published: December 2019

Entre 1998 et 2004, un collectif de chercheurs issus de la Société HADES et de l’Université de Toulouse II -Le Mirail s’est attaché à décrypter le paysage monumental et l’histoire des pouvoirs dans un modeste village du nord du Rouergue, Mouret, entre le XIe siècle et la fin de l’Epoque moderne. Une approche multidisciplinaire a permis de confronter plusieurs types de données : archéologiques, architecturales, archivistiques (chartes seigneuriales, actes notariés, compoix, etc.) et de restituer l’image d’une coseigneurie, c’est-à-dire d’une seigneurie collective, sur la longue durée. Mouret a en effet possédé jusqu’à quatre châteaux relevant de pouvoirs différents (Le Castelvieil, le château de La Servayrie, le Château-Mage et le château de Reilhac), alors que seulement deux d’entre eux subsistent encore. A la fin du Moyen Age et probablement avant, au sein d’un vaste territoire, le village avec ses châteaux apparaît comme un centre de pouvoirs qui regroupe, non seulement des familles seigneuriales, mais aussi une petite société à leur service. La population paysanne, quant à elle, reste avant tout dispersée dans les mas (fermes, hameaux), qui caractérisent encore l’habitat actuel.
Cordes en Albigeois : dynamiques d’un paysage urbain d’origine castrale, du début du XIIIe siècle au milieu du XVIe siècle
Authors: Cassan Élodie
Published: December 2019

Cette étude est le résultat de plusieurs opérations de prospection et d’inventaire du bâti menées entre 2008 et 2010 dans la région de Cordes, dans le cadre de recherches doctorales portant sur le thème de l’habitat castral et de la structuration des espaces autour des châteaux à la jonction du Rouergue, du Quercy et de l’Albigeois (1). Dominant la vallée du Cérou, près de la limite nord-est de l’Albigeois, le castrum de Cordes s’affirme depuis sa fondation comme un appui majeur de la politique des comtes de Toulouse dans cette zone de confins. Son importance au sein d’un territoire défini explique l’émergence d’un véritable paysage urbain à partir du noyau castral initial. Le croisement des approches et la confrontation des données archivistiques, parcellaires et architecturales permettent une analyse précise des processus et dynamiques d’évolution, mettant en évidence plusieurs grandes phases au cours desquelles ce paysage se compose, s’étend, se «monumentalise » , se fortifie, jusqu’à l’aboutissement atteint à l’aube de la période moderne.
Les denrées végétales dans le nord de la Catalogne d’après les sources historiques et archéobotaniques (Xe-XVe siècles) : productions et échanges
Authors: Ros Jérôme , Puig Carole , Ruas Marie-Pierre
Published: December 2019

Food Plants in northern catalonia according to historical and Archaeo-botanical Sources (10th-15th centuries) : Production and Exchange.

Located at a crossroad of cultural influences between the Mediterranean worlds of Spain and the South of France, northern Catalonia (Pyrénées-Orientales, France) that is studied here is an exceptional observation point for understanding the circulation of goods, the transmission of agricultural techniques and their integration in Medieval societies. The confrontation of carpological data gleaned from recent syntheses with textual sources, in particular toll rates, reveals the existence of important networks for the commerce of foodstuffs from Arab Spain to northern Catalonia. In the light of these different sources, we will discuss the food plants consumed in this region between the 10th and the 15th centuries as well as the local or commercial origins of some of them (grains, figs, grapes).
SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON HAUNCH RETROFITTED REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES
Authors: Akbar Junaid , Ahmad Naveed , Alam Bashir
Published: December 2019

Shaking table tests were performed on five one-third reduced scale two storey reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames having construction defects (using low strength concrete without confining ties in beam-column joints, larger tie spacing, and reduced longitudinal and transverse reinforcements). The deficient frames were observed to have severe joint damageability, resulting in joint panel cover spalling and core concrete crushing. Haunch retrofitting technique was adopted to upgrade the seismic behaviour of deficient RC frames. Additional four deficient RC frames were built and retrofitted with steel haunch; both axially stiffer and deformable with energy dissipation, fixed to the beam-column connections to reduce shear demand on joint panels. The as-built and retrofitted frame seismic response modification factor (R) was calculated and compared to evaluate the viability of the haunch retrofitting technique. The haunch retrofitting technique increased the lateral stiffness and strength of the structure, resulting in the increase of structure overstrength. The retrofitting increased R factor by sixty percent to one hundred percent. The presented results indicate that the technique can significantly enhance the seismic performance of deficient RC frames, particularly against the frequent and rare earthquake events.
State of key phytocenoses of marine protected areas and problems their conservation (southwestern Crimea, Black Sea)
Authors: Milchakova N. A. , Alexandrov V. V. , Ryabogina V. G.
Published: December 2019

Data on the state of bottom vegetation and biotopes of marine protected areas (MPA), which are part of six specially protected natural areas (SPAs) of Sevastopol, are presented. Based on a synthesis of hydrobotanical studies for 2008-2018, the composition and structure of Cystoseira and Phyllophora phytocenoses, key for the coastal zone of the southwestern Crimea and the Black Sea ecosystem, are characterized; their species diversity, production indices, and distribution features are described. A comparative analysis of long-term changes showed that in the structure of the Cystoseira phytocenosis of MPAs there was an increase in the number of green algae, indicators of household pollution, the lower boundary of the distributions of both phytocenoses was halved. For the first time for the Sevastopol region, data are presented on the area of Cystoseira and Phyllophora biotopes, which amounted to 3323.5 and 430.5 ha, respectively (9 and 17.3% in the areas of protected areas). Scientifically based recommendations for the conservation and restoration of phytocenoses and biotopes of key species with high conservation status are proposed.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERPADU (STUDI KASUS DI YAYASAN MUHAMMAD YA'QUB JOMBANG)
Authors: Jamila Siti Hesniyatul
Published: December 2019

This study aims to describe the implementation of integrated learning models in educational institusions that are under the auspices of the foundation of Muhammad Ya’qub Jombang. Which include visits from the factors of purpose, educatos, students, learning strategies, materials, infrastructure and evaluation of integrated learning in educational institusions which is under the auspices of the foundation of Muhammad Ya’qub Jombang. The implementation of an integrated learning models on Biology subjects is called the shared models

(divided model). However, the integrated learning models in educational institusions under the auspices of the foundation of Muhammad Ya’qub Jombang is superior because there is also educational training in learning. The purpose of this learning is the realization of the vision mission that has been integrated with the objectives of national education and the value of education contained in QS. Al-Baqarah verses 39 and 132. Judging from the factors of educators, there are feel still differences in quality in collaborating and integrating learning. Judging from the factors of student, they have understood the importance of learning. Viewed from the infrastructure facilities, namely the national examination secondary book and Biology pocket book, the Harun Yahya DVD learning media and the 2 in 1 Science (SD/MI) book. Judging from the factors of strategy factor of collaboration and integration, the intended collaboration is by practice the value of education contained in QS. Al-‘Alaq : 1 and integrate with religious values integrated with the discussion. Judging from the material factors, divided into to major groups, namely divinity and humanity. Judging from the evaluation/ assessment system factors: success in learning is seen in the success of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, as well as substandard enrichment for special and remedial students for students. Suggestion: Implementation of integrated learning model in educational institusions under the auspices of the foundation of Muhammad Ya’ub Jombang for a while has a lot of positive values. Therefore, it is better to be refined and taken in consideration to be implemented through policy nationally.
Ensino Médio Integrado: Lutas Históricas e Resistências em Tempos de Regressão
Authors: Nogueira Ramos Marise
Published: December 2019

Este texto se propõe a refletir sobre o processo histórico da educação pública enquanto produto da contradição capital e trabalho e sobre a forma como nessa historicidade se movimentam os pólos dominantes e determinantes dessa contradição. Apontando a institucionalização da escola como o marco da separação entre trabalho e educação, a autora dirige o foco de análise às reformas e contrarreformas voltadas ao Ensino Médio a partir dos anos 1930 para posteriormente defender o Ensino Médio Integrado como a concepção e uma práxis coerente com as necessidades da classe trabalhadora. Entre contrarreformas conservadoras e reformas que visaram ampliar o direito da classe trabalhadora ao conhecimento, vivenciadas ao longo da história da educação brasileira, chega-se à análise da Lei n. 13.415/2017, enquanto instrumento de retomada dos dispositivos de dualidade e fragmentação formativas vivenciados em reformas anteriores. Ao legitimar o princípio de uma “educação mínima para cidadãos mínimos” esta contrarreforma nega a formação dos sujeitos na perspectiva da omnilateralidade e da integralidade.
Visual failure following an invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary gland: A case report
Authors: Abdulwahab Alahmari
Published: December 2019

A macroadenoma is a common disease with one type of invasion. In this case, a visual failure in both eyes followed a severe multiple invasion of macroadenoma which has all three types of invasion (sphenoid sinus, suprasellar, and cavernous sinus invasions).
Ascorbic Acid-Rich Moringa oleifera Lam. Extract Inhibits Hepatorenal Toxicity and Enhances the Endogenous Antioxidant Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Type II Diabetes
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sahoo Ankit , Khadka Prakash , Chauhan Deeksha , Bawadood Azizah Salim , Rahman Mahfoozur
Published: December 2019

Background. The cases of diabetes increase day by day due to unhealthy lifestyle, food habit, and less food intake. Novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes are urgently needed. Most researchers are looking for alternative drugs (plant-based drugs) for the treatment of diabetes.
Objective. The current experiment was designed to examine the hepatic and renal beneficial effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) extract in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.
Methods. Antidiabetic potential of the MO extract was estimated in terms of blood glucose levels, plasma insulin, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate. Antihyperlipidemic effects of MO extract were evaluated through the estimation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level whereas the antioxidant effects were evaluated through estimation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in diabetic rats.
Results. Dose-dependent treatment using MO extract significantly increased the body weight, hexokinase, plasma insulin, HDL, SOD, CAT, and GPx levels (P < 0.001) and significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, MDA, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and glycated hemoglobin in STZ-induced diabetic rats (P < 0.001).
Conclusion. MO can be used as a therapeutic agent in the management of elevated blood glucose levels through the alterations in the blood glucose level, plasma level of insulin, and various biochemical parameters.
Evaluation of energy cane and sweet sorghum as feedstocks for conversion into fuels and chemicals
Authors: Aragon Daira , Suhr Mark , Kochergin Vadim
Published: December 2019

Sweet sorghum and energy cane (high fiber cane) are potential crops for conversion into fuels and chemicals due to their low agricultural input requirements, potentially high fiber content and processing similarities with established sugarcane crops. A conceptual approach to a biorefinery producing fuels and chemicals from sweet sorghum and energy cane is proposed. The front-end of the plant processes 10,000 t/d of feedstock to extract convertible sugars by milling and concentrate them into storable syrups. The latter can be processed into gasoline, jet fuel and isoprene using proprietary technologies. The fiber remaining after extraction, called bagasse, is used in the boilers of the front-end plant to provide steam and power for entire facility and to produce additional second generation sugars by pretreatment and hydrolysis in a lignocellulosic conversion plant. Material and energy balances for the front-end plant were calculated using SugarsTM software. Results show that for the selected variety of energy cane, up to 46% of bagasse is available for further lignocellulosic conversion resulting in production of additional 33.6% of sugars. In this case, however, surplus electricity production is reduced by 86%. Calculations for sweet sorghum follow the same trend. Results show that a 13% reduction in fiber content by processing sweet sorghum instead of energy cane, reduces power export by 71% and second generation sugars by 40%.
First pulsed electric field (PEF) application at industrial scale in beet sugar industry
Authors: Vidal Olivier
Published: December 2019

MAGUIN, France with partners, Hazemeyer and UTC French University have operated a industrial pilot at 10 t/h using pulsed electric field technology (PEF) to extract juices. The purpose was to demonstrate feasibility of the new and patented extraction concept applying PEF technology directly to the tissue without addition of any liquid or any pretreatment or any heating.

After electroporation of the sugar beet tissue and conventional extraction the juice quality has been analyzed showing as expected from laboratory research a higher purity and lower color but also much lower pectin and colloid content in solution. Ultra-filtered PEF juice showed much lower color traditional clear juice with almost all colorants removed. Other tests demonstrated the good pressability of the cossettes with about 36% d.s. content.

Laboratory research showed that the pressability of PEF beet pulp treated at ambient temperature is much higher compared to the wet pulp from extractors.
Umfrage Produktionstechnik – regionale Unterschiede in der Zuckerrübenproduktion im Bereich des Pflanzenschutzes
Authors: Buhre Cord , Bauer Harald , Eßer Clemens , Sander Georg , Ladewig Erwin
Published: December 2019

Seit 1994 werden über eine Expertenschätzung Daten zur Produktionstechnik im Zuckerrübenanbau auf Basis der Einzugsgebiete der Zuckerfabriken in Deutschland erhoben. Für verschiedene Parameter im Bereich des Pflanzenschutzes bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Regionen, die größer sind als im Bereich der übrigen Produktionstechnik.

So wird beim Saatenschutz in den Regionen Nord-Ost und Ost nur auf 20% der Flächen eine hohe Insektizidausstattung gewählt, während dies in den anderen Regionen auf ca.70% der Flächen der Fall ist. Ähnlich verhält es sich im Bereich der Blattkrankheiten, die in den Regionen Nord-Ost und Ost in geringerem Ausmaß auf ca.50% der Fläche auftreten. In den anderen Regionen liegt dieser Anteil bei ca.90%. Entsprechend unterscheidet sich auch die Intensität der Fungizidapplikation. Im Bereich der Herbizide bestehen zwischen den Regionen hingegen keine Unterschiede. Hier werden in allen Regionen ca.drei Nachauflaufbehandlungen angewendet um die Unkräuter zu bekämpfen. Das Auftreten von schädlichen Insekten schwankt zwischen den Regionen und zwischen den Jahren stärker als bei allen anderen Krankheiten, wobei den Blattläusen die größte Bedeutung zukommt. Aufgrund der insektiziden Ausstattung des Saatgutes sind nur wenige flächige Insektizidapplikationen nötig.
Investigation of nitrite pathways in sugar beet extraction
Authors: Emerstorfer Florian , Bergwall Christer , Hein Walter , Bengtsson Mats , Jensen John P.
Published: December 2019

The investigations presented in this work were carried out in order to further deepen the knowledge about nitrite pathways in the area of sugar beet extraction. The article consists of two parts with different experimental set-up: the first part focuses on laboratory trials in which the fate of nitrate and nitrite was studied in a so-called mini-fermenter. These trials were carried out using juice from the hot part of the cossette mixer of an Agrana sugar factory in Austria. In the experiments, two common sugar factory disinfectants were used in order to study microbial as well as microbial-chemical effects on nitrite formation and degradation caused by bacteria present in the juice. The trials demonstrated that the direct microbial effect (denitrification) on nitrite degradation is more pronounced than the indirect microbial-chemical effect coming from pH value decrease by these bacteria and subsequent nitrite loss. The second part describes the findings from laboratory experiments and full scale factory trials using a mobile laboratory set-up based on insulated stainless steel containers and spectrophotometric detection of nitrite in various factory juices. The trials were made at two Nordzucker factories located in Finland (factory A) and Sweden (factory B). The inhibiting effect of the two common sugar factory disinfectants on nitrite formation was evaluated in laboratory trials, whereas the full scale trials focused on one disinfectant. Other trials to evaluate potential contamination sources of thermophilic nitrite producing bacteria to the extraction system, reactivation of nitrite producing bacteria in raw juice and the effect of a pH gradient on bacterial nitrite activity in cossette mixer juice are also reported.
Introduction and overview of the current situation regarding the employment of biomass
Authors: Hassuani Suleiman José
Published: December 2019

The sugarcane industry for a long time has focused only on the cane juice, its extraction and conversion to sugar. Bagasse was considered a residue and burnt inefficiently to generate steam and power. In the last decades, bagasse gradually started to be converted into energy in a more efficient way, supplying all the sugar industry energy needs (power, and steam) and, in some cases, significant excess electricity has been exported to the grid, becoming another important source of revenue. This motivated several studies of more advanced energy generation systems to boost energy exports. In more recent years, technologies called 2nd and 3rd generation have taken over the scene with many options, promising to convert biomass into more valuable products such as biofuels, chemicals, fertilisers, pellets, etc. Unfilled expectations and opportunities are rising. On the other hand, these technologies are competing for the same biomass, and this has to be considered. The industry has started to question ‘which way to go’, strategy and investment wise. The present study provides a broad scenario for the biomass availability, and its employment, with a close view to the main processes and products that might have an important role in the future of the biomass in the sugarcane industry.
Sorte × Umwelt-Interaktionen bei Zuckerrüben und Konsequenzen für die Sortenwahl in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Cercospora-Blattfleckenkrankheit
Authors: Hoberg Friederike , Kenter Christine , Märländer Bernward
Published: December 2019

Variationen der Sortenleistung von Zuckerrüben entstehen durch das Zusammenwirken von Sorte und Umwelt. Um den Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf den Bereinigten Zuckerertrag zu bestimmen, wurden zwei Versuchsserien von 2011 bis 2014 ausgewertet. Die Umwelt übte auf den Bereinigten Zuckerertrag einen signifikanten und dominierenden Einfluss aus. Demgegenüber war der Einfluss der Sorte zwar signifikant, aber sehr gering. Unterschiede der Rangfolgen der Sorten in Abhängigkeit von der Befallsstärke von Cercospora beticola wurden vorrangig ohne den Einsatz von Fungizid festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen einen Ertragsanstieg der weniger anfälligen Sorten unter Nichtbefall gegenüber den anfälligen Sorten als Erfolg der Resistenzzüchtung. Eine Gruppierung von 79 Umwelten zu Regionen in Deutschland auf Grundlage der Sortenleistung sowie der Befallsstärke von C.beticola führte zu keinem eindeutigen Ergebnis. Demzufolge ist eine regionale Verrechnung der Ergebnisse der Sortenversuche nicht sinnvoll. Die Auswertungen zeigen zudem, dass etwa 20 gewertete Sortenversuche ausreichen, um einen sicheren Schätzwert für die Sortenleistung zu erhalten.
Técnica de extracción, transformación y carga de datos de estaciones meteorológicas
Authors: Lépez Héctor Ramón
Published: December 2019

Climatología y Meteorología son ciencias que utilizan datos como la temperatura del aire, la humedad, el viento o la precipitación para tomar medidas; es esencial tener la cantidad más grande de datos para reducir el margen de error. Estos datos son adquiridos por estaciones meteorológicas automáticas que pertenecen a organismos públicos y en menor medida privados. La mayoría de los datos se publican en Internet, sin embargo, los datos requeridos no siempre están disponibles en formatos estándar para intercambio de información. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es la construcción de un algoritmo para la adquisición de datos meteorológicos, basado en una técnica conocida en inglés como web scraping. El proceso consiste en la extracción, normalizar los datos y luego almacenarlos, para ser utilizados por herramientas geográficas o análisis estadísticos.
Perfil lipídico de tres especies de pescados de agua dulce: Boga (Leporinus obtusidens), Dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) y Surubí (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans)
Authors: Ciappini María C. , Gatti María B. , Chain Priscilla N. , Cabreriso María S.
Published: December 2019

El conocimiento de la composición lipídica de los pescados de agua dulce es escaso, a pesar de contribuir a la dieta con ácidos grasos benéficos para la salud. En este trabajo se determinó materia grasa, humedad, proteínas, cenizas y perfil de ácidos grasos (AG) de Boga, Dorado y Surubí. El contenido de proteínas osciló entre 15 y 18 g/100 g para las tres especies. La especie Dorado puede considerarse como pescado magro (2,8 g/100 g), mientras que Boga (8,6 g/100 g) y Surubí (16,9 g/100g) como grasos; la relación AG saturados/ AG insaturados se aproximó a 1:2, predominando los AG-n-6. Surubí presentó el mayor contenido de eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) por porción comestible. Por su predominio de ácidos grasos insaturados, puede recomendarse el consumo de estas especies, como parte de una alimentación saludable.