bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVEC: An Assessment of Visual Encoding Ability in Visualization Construction
Authors: Ge Lily , Cui Yuan , Kay Matthew
Published: February 2025

Visualization literacy is the ability to both interpret and construct visualizations. Yet existing assessments focus solely on visualization interpretation. A lack of construction-related measurements hinders efforts in understanding and improving literacy in visualizations. We design and develop AVEC, an assessment of a person's visual encoding ability—a core component of the larger process of visualization construction—by: (1) creating an initial item bank using a design space of visualization tasks and chart types, (2) designing an assessment tool to support the combinatorial nature of selecting appropriate visual encodings, (3) building an autograder from expert scores of answers to our items, and (4) refining and validating the item bank and autograder through an analysis of test tryout data with 95 participants and feedback from the expert panel. We discuss recommendations for using AVEC, potential alternative scoring strategies, and the challenges in assessing higher-level visualization skills using constructed-response tests. Supplemental materials are available at: https://osf.io/hg7kx/.
Comparing the Value of Perceived Human versus AI-Generated Empathy
Authors: Rubin Matan , Li Joanna Z. , Zimmerman Federico , Ong Desmond C. , Goldenberg Amit , Perry Anat
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI), and specifically large language models, demonstrate remarkable social-emotional abilities, which may improve human-AI interactions and AI’s emotional support capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether empathy, encompassing understanding, ’feeling with’, and caring, is perceived differently when attributed to AI versus humans. We conducted nine studies (N = 6,282) where AI-generated empathic responses to participants’ emotional situations were labeled as either provided by humans or AI. Human-attributed responses were rated as more empathic and supportive, and elicited more positive and fewer negative emotions, compared to AI-attributed ones. Moreover, participants own uninstructed belief that AI aided human-attributed responses, reduced perceived empathy and support. These effects replicated across varying response lengths, delays, iterations and LLMs, being primarily driven by responses emphasizing emotional sharing and care. Additionally, people consistently chose human interaction over AI when seeking emotional engagement. These findings advance our general understanding of empathy, and specifically human–AI empathic interactions.
A Prosocial Purpose Intervention Unleashes the Learning Potential of Hungarian First-Generation Learners
Authors: Orosz Gabor , Török Lilla , Bőthe Beáta , Tóth-Király István , Sik Kata , Ospina Juan Pablo , Walton Gregory M
Published: February 2025

Prior research shows that giving U.S. students an opportunity to reflect on their prosocial purposes for learning can motivate them to persist on challenging but tedious learning tasks and, in turn, improve academic performance. This “prosocial purpose” intervention was designed to be robust for diverse people and communities, including by letting people consider various purposes they might have that could motivate schoolwork. But it has not been tested broadly. Here, we test this intervention among university students in Hungary (N=296). In this Eastern European country, people focus mainly on close relationships, not broader societal goals. The intervention caused significant academic benefits, particularly for first-generation college students: it raised grades among these students in the semester of the intervention relative to the active randomized control condition, and students sustained this level of performance through the next two semesters. The results suggest that the potential of the prosocial purpose intervention can resonate with interdependent values rooted in families and communities beyond U.S. cultural contexts and enhance academic outcomes for underprivileged students.
Revisiting the Effect of Discrepant Perceptual Fluency on Truth Judgments
Authors: Aktepe Semih Can , Heck Daniel W.
Published: February 2025

Fluency theory assumes that perceived truth is influenced by the subjective ease with which presented information is processed. Several studies have demonstrated that increased perceptual fluency, induced by high versus low color contrast of presented statements, results in higher truth judgments. According to the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis, the unexpected switch from several low-fluency stimuli to a high-fluency stimulus is assumed to enhance perceived truthfulness. In two online studies (one preregistered), we aimed to replicate the central finding by Hansen, Dechêne, and Wänke (2008; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology) that discrepancies in color contrast influence truth judgments. Additionally, we extended the original design by varying the length of stimulus blocks presented in low or high color contrast. Contrary to previous findings, neither the level of perceptual fluency nor unexpected discrepancies in fluency affected truth judgments even though high-contrast statements were read faster than low-contrast ones, indicating that processing fluency was successfully manipulated. A meta-analysis combining our two experiments with published studies shows that the effect of perceptual fluency induced by color contrast on truth judgments may not be as robust as previously thought.
Sustainability Going Viral: Pathogen Avoidance as a Barrier to Second-Hand Consumption Addressable by Smell-Based Interventions
Authors: Perini Matteo , de Groot Jasper
Published: February 2025

The fashion industry is a major environmental polluter, and behavioral scientists can investigate strategies to reduce obstacles to second-hand sustainable solutions. We propose an evolutionary framework rooted in the Parasite-Stress Theory of Values as a comprehensive explanation for the cultural, individual, and situational differences in second-hand clothing, postulating that second-hand clothing triggers evolved pathogen-avoidance mechanisms that form a barrier to second-hand purchases. This barrier can be mitigated by hygiene-related sensory cues, like a clean-laundry odor. In a field study (N = 257), we counterbalanced three odor conditions (clean-laundry, citrus, and regular store odor), and found that clean-laundry scent significantly boosted purchasing behavior by overriding the negative effect of germ-aversion. Indeed, among store’s customers, higher levels of pathogen avoidance resulted in less spending and more negative attitudes toward second-hand clothing. Further support for our mechanistic model is provided by the lab pilot study—where clean-laundry scent was shown to significantly reduce pathogen concerns, while enhancing garments’ perceived value and appeal—and by experimentally increasing pathogen saliency in survey responders, resulting in more negative second-hand clothing attitudes. This research highlights the critical role of pathogen avoidance mechanisms and cleanliness cues in overcoming psychological barriers to effectively promote sustainable consumer practices.
Transfer effects between ICT literacy and conventional literacies
Authors: Gnambs Timo
Published: February 2025

ICT literacy encompasses a range of cognitive abilities that facilitate the effective use of digital technologies. Two studies on German students investigated the role of reading comprehension and mathematical competencies in the development of ICT literacy in adolescence. A variance decomposition analysis (N = 13,335) revealed that both competence domains together accounted for nearly half of the explained item variances in two ICT literacy assessments. Additionally, a cross-lagged panel analysis (N = 4,872) demonstrated that reading and mathematical competencies predicted ICT literacy growth over three years, while ICT literacy also had reciprocal effects on domain-specific competencies. These findings emphasize that ICT literacy is not merely a technical skill set but is also closely related to other cognitive abilities.
A regeneration perspective on Ukraine’s tourism during war
Authors: Tomej Kristof , Bilynets Iana
Published: February 2025

Using regeneration as an interdisciplinary and multilevel theoretical framework and thematic analysis of online news media, we have investigated tourism developments in Ukraine during the first year following Russia’s full-scale military invasion in February 2022. Adopting a regeneration perspective allowed us to discern the mechanisms through which tourism, as a complex system resembling living systems in nature, endures, recovers from war damage, and contributes to the overall recovery of a war-affected country. Our findings indicate that despite the severe damages of war, the country’s tourism system persists, albeit with altered structures and functions, playing a significant role in humanitarian efforts, rehabilitation, community building, in addition to its recreational function. Notably, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) emerge as key actors in the regeneration process, demonstrating resourcefulness and resilience by recognising changing societal needs and rethinking their own potential to meet those needs. Our research expands the limited knowledge base on tourism developments in a wartime context and contributes to a better understanding of broader regeneration processes in tourism and regenerative tourism.
A Brief Overview About Postpartum Urinary Retention
Authors: Al-Rawi Asma Marwan
Published: February 2025

Background: Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) or puerperal urinary retention is quite a common obstetric condition affecting postpartum women. Despite its significance, ubiquity, and morbidity, it remains an under-discussed and poorly understood topic.

Objective: This literature review is aimed to examine the latest research and findings in the field, with a focus on three key areas: the incidence and risk factors of PUR, the comparison of PUR in vaginal versus cesarean deliveries, and the management and prevention strategies. Since we believe it needs to receive more attention and awareness.

Conclusion: In conclusion, PUR is a complex condition with varying incidence and contributing factors. Understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, and effective management strategies is essential for better outcomes in postpartum care.
ФИТОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ ВИДОВ РОДА ARTEMISIA L. ЮЖНОГО КАЗАХСТАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Рахимбердиева Ж.Ш. , Арыстанова С.Д. , Жуматаева У.Т.
Published: February 2025

В настоящей статье проведены результаты  исследования по химическому изучению видов рода  Астровые (Asteraceae), травянистое растение из рода Полынь (Artemisia L.) собранной на территории из районов (Арыс (село Дармине), Байдибекской (село Шаян), Шардаринской (село Алатау батыр)) Южного Казахстана.  Род Полынь (Artemisia L.) является мало изученным в научной сфере.  Цель работы выделить и определить из (Artemisia karatavica Krasch. & Abolin ex Poljakov, Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov, Artemisia porrecta Krasch. ex Poljakov) надземной части полыни  химический состав. Инулин определяли по методу Бертрана. Витамина «С» определили титриметрическим методом. Углеводы определили  перманганатным методом  В результате проведенных исследований получены результаты витамина «С», углеводы, каротины, инулин и полифенолы. Большая часть этих веществ из трех (Artemisia karatavica Krasch. & Abolin ex Poljakov, Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov, Artemisia porrecta Krasch. ex Poljakov) образцов витамина «С», углеводы, каротины, инулин и полифенолы обнаружилась у полыни  Каратауской что позволяет рекомендовать исследованные виды полыней для последующего изучения в качестве потенциальных источников растительного сырья.
ТАБИҒИ РЕСУРСТАРДАН КӨМІРТЕКТІ МАТЕРИАЛДАРДЫ АЛУ: ШОЛУ
Authors: Шинибекова Асем , Диаз де Туеста Хосе Луиз , Масалимова Бакытгуль
Published: February 2025

Қазіргі таңда судан ауыр металдарды жою үшін химиялық тұндыру, электрохимиялық әдіс, ион алмасу, мембраналық сүзу және адсорбция қолданылады және бұл технологиялар нақты жағдайларда артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері бар. Жою сыйымдылығын, энергияны тұтынуды, пайдалану жағдайларының сезімталдығын және екіншілік ластануды ескерсек, адсорбция әдісі ең жақсы процесс болып табылады. Кәдімгі адсорбенттерге арзан материалдар, көміртегі бар материалдар және түрлендірілген материалдар жатады және бұл адсорбенттердің әртүрлілігі мен шығу көздері ауқымды болып табылады, оларды суды тазартуда әртүрлі елдер мен аймақтардағы жергілікті жағдайларға сәйкес таңдауға болады. Адсорбцияның негізгі сипаттамаларының маңыздысы: пайдаланудың қарапайымдылығы, жаңартылатын адсорбент және төмен уыттылық болып табылады, бұл судағы ауыр металдарды жою кезінде адсорбцияны қолданудың тиімділігін көрсетеді.
Жыл өткен сайын жиналған дәнді дақылдар көп мөлшерде ауыл шаруашылығы қалдықтарын шығарады. Белсендірілген көмір сияқты сұранысқа ие адсорбентті өндіру үшін бастапқы материал ретінде ауылшаруашылық қосалқы өнімдерін пайдалану жиналған дақылдың құндылығын арттырады. Дамушы елдердің көпшілігінде белсендірілген көмір импортының жоғары құны олардың өз халқы үшін жеткілікті қауіпсіз ауыз су өндіру мүмкіндігінің шектеулілігін түсіндіреді. Бүкіл әлемде ауыз суды тазарту үшін арзан және қолайлы технологияларды қолдануға баса назар аударылып отыр. Алдыңғы зерттеулер суды тазарту үшін жергілікті материалдарды өндіру үшін жергілікті ауылшаруашылық қалдықтарын пайдалануға бағытталған. Құрамында көміртегі мөлшері жоғары, бейорганикалық заттардың мөлшері аз, ұшқыш заттардың мөлшері жоғары, тығыздығы жоғары, сақтау кезінде ыдырауы аз, активтенуге бейім, өз ішінде микроқұрылымдары бар және белсендірілген кезде жоғары өнімділік беретін үлкен материалдар ретінде белсендірілген көмірді  алу үшін ең қолайлы параметрлар болып табылады.
Revisiting the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous Los Santos Formation, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. A – The history of its origin and the lowermost part of the unit
Authors: Laverde Montaño Fabio
Published: February 2025

A historical account is made of the way in which various researchers have conceptualized the regional geological framework and local exposure of a lithostratigraphic unit spanning from latest Jurassic to early Cretaceous, widely distributed in the Mesas and Cuestas region of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. In this first part of the revisit exercise of the Los Santos Formation, the lowermost part of the unit is analyzed, the development of its lithofacies from a detailed definition performed in the type section and its correlation with eleven additional stratigraphic sections. From this analysis, four main lithofacies with an important gravel-size quartz -quartzite content is determined east of the Suárez fault - south of the Los Montes transverse fault, while north of the area in the vicinity of the Lebrija and Solferino faults, the rudite fraction is almost entirely made up of brownish red sedimentary clasts. To the west of the Suarez fault-south of the Sogamoso fault, intercalated sandstones and shales predominate. A trend of sedimentological development is observed in all the stratigraphic columns with gravel-size contribution, from polymodal conglomerates, disordered fabric, poorly calibrated and supported by matrix to well-bedded intercalations of conglomerates, sandstones and shales. A structural control in the sedimentation is deduced, which is reflected in the shape, thickness and occurrence of the investigated facies and related faults.
Sensores paleoclimáticos del último milenio preservados en los sedimentos del Pantano La Bramadora, Sopetrán, Colombia
Authors: Flórez Molina María Teresa , Parra Sánchez Luis Norberto , Abril Ramírez Gonzalo , Monsalve Marín Carlos Albeiro
Published: February 2025

La estratigrafía del “Pantano La Bramadora”, de base a techo (1015-2022, años calendario (AC)), comprende un set de paleosuelos intercalados con arcillas y turbas. En la base, un conjunto de paleosuelos terrestres desarrollados sobre una llanura aluvial de régimen torrencial; el más profundo, evolucionó bajo condiciones de extrema aridez (Xeric argigypsids). Supra yaciendo estos, condiciones climáticas más favorables permitieron la formación de paleosuelos terrestres intercalados con arcillas palustres (1050 a 1170 AC). El año calendario 1050 AC marca el desarrollo permanente del pantano que se formó a partir de un abanico torrencial transversal al valle principal, que ocasionó el represamiento del agua, sepultó los paleosuelos terrestres inferiores y dejó una lámina de agua persistente, como lo evidencia estratos de arcilla bandeada laminada gris-azulosas, gris-verdosas y chocolate. Estas condiciones persistieron hasta 1795 AC. Inmersos en este periodo, dos paleosuelos “mellizos” separados por una estrecha capa de arcilla indican la desaparición de la lámina de agua por una fuerte sequía entre 1324 y 1338 AC. Durante 1796 y 1882 AC dominan arcillas chocolate, el nivel freático es rasante y la vegetación herbácea; mientras que, entre 1882 y 2022 AC es imperioso un pantano arbóreo que enriquece los sedimentos con fibras. El nivel freático por debajo de la superficie, persistente buena parte del año, y la evapotranspiración controlan todo el sistema. La lito-tefro-pedo-quimio estratigrafía y el LOI - sensores paleoclimáticos- definen la presencia de sedimentos, paleosuelos y ambientes. N14 se configura como un excelente registro paleoclimático en el trópico para el último milenio.
Morphology of the collapse scar of the Chiles Volcano (Colombia-Ecuador border) and geomechanical characterization of rock masses
Authors: Paez Laura Viviana , Sánchez John Jairo , Castro-Caicedo Álvaro Jesús
Published: February 2025

Chiles Volcano is an active stratovolcano of the Cordillera Occidental in a dormant state built by accumulation of andesitic-dacitic lava flows, which was affected by a large lateral collapse on its northern flank that subsequently generated one or multiple volcanic debris avalanches (VDAs). As a result of the morphological analysis of the collapse scar, it is proposed that this lateral collapse may have been caused by factors unrelated to the volcano's eruptive activity, which impacted the stability of the volcanic structure. This geomorphological study marks a significant step forward in understanding lateral collapses in an area where sedimentological data about the VDAs is extremely limited due not only to the complexity of the topography, but also to the glacial and fluvial processes of the area. The descriptive and geometric analysis of the scar resulting from the collapse indicates that this morphological expression is U-shaped and deep-seated and has the following dimensions: length = 3.0 km, width = 1.6 km, height = 0.8 km, and aperture angle = 31°. Respectively, the area and volume of material involved in the collapse are estimated at 4.0 km2 and 0.5 km3. The geomechanical characterization of the Chiles Volcano rocks was done in five outcrops located on the southern flank applying either the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) or the Geological Strength Index (GSI); additionally, these values obtained in the field were complemented with results from other studies in the area, which encompass the eastern and northern flanks of the volcano. GSI values for columnar, brecciated, and blocky lava flows range between 47–72; 15–65 and 37–57, respectively. Using triaxial tests by the multiple failure state method, the compressive strength of the rock mass was 24.92 MPa; respectively, cohesion and internal friction angle values were 4.21 MPa and 51.95° for peak strength, and 1.52 MPa and 52.4° for residual strength.
Indicadores de la paleo precipitación interanual preservada en los sedimentos del Pantano La Bramadora, Sopetrán, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Flórez-Molina Maria Teresa , Parra-Sánchez Luis Norberto
Published: February 2025

En el “Pantano La Bramadora”, los indicadores son elementos que permiten conocer, a escala interanual, algunos eventos de precipitación y/o sequía, la rapidez o lentitud de su ocurrencia, y entender la historia y evolución del pantano ocurridos durante el último milenio. De ellos se resalta el porcentaje estimado de granos gruesos como determinante para evaluar eventos de precipitación, escorrentía y/o torrencialidad; los microcomponentes, las perdidas por ignición (LOI), la geoquímica, y la tasa de sedimentación promedia de 1 cm/año, que precisa la duración de esos eventos. La ocurrencia de fragmentos carbonizados sugiere la presencia de incendios en periodos extremadamente secos, mientras que la pirita framboidal, asociada con la materia orgánica y al azufre, periodos de máxima humedad. El estado de alteración de los microcomponentes refleja la rigurosidad geoquímica del ambiente y el tamaño de grano está directamente relacionado con eventos climáticos; tamaños finos indican climas secos, los de tamaños medios y gruesos climas lluviosos. En los sedimentos del N14, se observa ciclicidad, reflejada en las arcillas, en los paleosuelos intercalados en ellas y en los eventos de precipitación y sequía. Los paleosuelos de la base, que se desarrollaron bajo condiciones de aridez, indican cambios climáticos extremos mientras que el suelo actual, los paleosuelos y las turbas del techo evidencian un mejoramiento climático. El objetivo del artículo es evidenciar la paleo precipitación interanual del último milenio guardada como un archivo en los sedimentos del Pantano La Bramadora, Sopetrán, Antioquia, Colombia. Para ello se obtuvo un núcleo de sedimentos de 9.5 m (N14) que guarda información detallada sobre la litología, estratigrafía, sedimentología, geoquímica, mineralogía y granulometría microscópica.
El epistolario amoroso de Enrique Macías. Seis cartas inéditas.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Quezada Camberos Silvia
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación se orienta hacia Enrique Macías, un poeta reconocido por otros poetas, como veremos a lo largo de los comentarios realizados por ellos a lo largo de una serie de entrevistas. El objetivo general del estudio consiste en reunir en un documento el estado de la cuestión en torno a las opiniones críticas que la obra de Enrique Macías ha despertado, y en particular, dar a conocer el epistolario amorosodirigido a su musa universitaria. La revisión a fondo del discurso amoroso, temática intocada por la crítica, permitirá profundizar en la construcción de un remitente que dejó de creer en sí mismo, cual un personaje de ficción al que se auto-evoca en otrotiempo, el de los tempranos años mejores, como califica a los primeros 25. El estudio considera como necesario, datar el lugar y fecha de nacimiento y muerte, interpretar las líneas generales de su producción y aportar al escaso estado de la cuestión el hallazgo de seis textos escritos a modo de epístolas. Se trata entonces de un estudio exploratorio, que orienta un producto en torno a los discursos predominantes de Enrique Macías, decantándose por el discurso amoroso como finalidad última.
Compartir el asombro Bases para el diálogo interreligioso en A. Heschel.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Sevilla Godínez Héctor
Published: February 2025

En el mundo contemporáneo ya no cabe la discriminación por motivos religiosos. El diálogo abierto entre los creyentes, así como entre aquellos que no lo son, es una asignatura fundamental. Abraham Heschel, un rabino y filósofo polaco del siglo XX, alude que el asombro es el punto de partida y la denominación común del interés religioso. A partir de ello, en conciencia del misterio de ser humanos, es posible la comprensión y los nexos. El artículo presenta las bases que posibilitan ese acercamiento a partir de la perspectiva de Heschel. Se alude a la experiencia de temor reverente, se profundiza en la perspectiva hescheliana ante otras religiones, se presenta el diálogo entre el judaísmo y el cristianismo propuesto por el autor que nos ocupa, así como algunas de las pautas para la vinculación con el islam y el budismo. Así, partiendo de algunos senderos de la filosofía de la cultura se ahondará en la filosofía de la religión.
Deconstruir las novelas de la Regencia.
Authors:   Universidad de La Habana, Almaral Cereijo Iraida Thalia
Published: February 2025

Las reflexiones de Austen sobre la dependencia de la mujer respecto al matrimonio y las críticas a la sociedad de su época marcaron definitivamente las novelas de la Regencia. Sin duda, su obra es un hito en la literaturainglesa. Como ejemplo de la herencia de Austen, Julia Quinn llega al siglo XXI y nos traslada a aquella época. Los deconstruccionistas sostienen que no hay un único significado posible para un texto, sino múltiples y contradictorios. (Valdés, 2016). La saga Bridgerton de Julia Quinn ha vuelto a llamar la atención sobre el género de la novela de Regencia. Nos centramos en El duque y yopara constatar que existe una evolución en las novelas románticas de la Regencia desde Jane Austen, a Georgette Heyer y, a Julia Quinn a través del análisis de El duque y yodesde un enfoque deconstruccionista. Con puntos de vista similares, pero estilos diferentes, las tres autoras otorgan cualidades feministas a sus heroínas. Daphne se convierte en una verdadera y sólida heroína dentro del romance de Regencia que llena los zapatos de una feminista que vive en el siglo XIX consciente de la importancia del matrimonio, pero siempre que sea bajo sus términos.
Los pueblos mágicos de México desde la noción de aura de W. Benjamin.
Authors:   Universidad de Sonora, Arias Castañeda Esteban , Mexía Valenzuela Roberto ,   Universidad de Sonora
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar la realidad de los Pueblos Mágicos desde la óptica del concepto de aura de Walter Benjamin. El aura de una obra consiste en su carácter único, el cual no puede repetirse, por lo que la reproducción conduce a la profanación, de modo que pierde su aura. Es mucha la bibliografía sobre el Programa Pueblos Mágicos donde enarbola los aspectos culturales y de identidad que hacen que cada municipio tenga algo dela magia que el programa intenta conservar y comercializar. La designación de Pueblo Mágico abarca las localidades un halo aurático, a veces artificial, que es objeto de deseo en segmentos de mercado del turismo nacional e internacional. Un poblador de unpueblo mágico debe ser un buen anfitrión, alguien que interiorice en su ser el manual de marca del Pueblo Mágico. La mercadotecnia profana el aura de las cosas, haciendo uso de tecnologías postauráticas, como las herramientas del mass media, la publicidad, la radio y se van maquilando nuevas formas de interacción entre el aura de los objetos y las masas, que buscan apropiarse de los objetos.
Investigating Non-human Discourse: An Analysis of the language used to represent animals in Alice in Wonderland
Authors: Anna Re
Published: February 2025

Anthropomorphism of animals is common in literature, particularly in children’s stories. It is pervasive and ingrained in human popular culture. Authors and illustrators of children’s literature use it to enter a child’s mind in order to tell a story or impart knowledge. They do this by using animals and other creatures to tell stories about their own humanity, giving children the impression that the tale is about the animal. The limits of this kind of domestication require careful consideration and research, since they may have a number of detrimental implications for the way kids perceive nature. Based on these suppositions, this study analyzes how language is used to portray animals in two different versions of Alice in Wonderland: the 1865 original and Tim Burton’s 2010 fantasy adaptation. Specifically, the paper explores how non-human thought, behavior, and subjectivity are represented by examining some language patterns used to depict them, such as verb and noun phrases, adjectives, and pronouns. The three-dimensional framework that forms the basis of Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (micro level, macro level, and discursive use) is the methodological reference used to emphasize hidden ideologies, power dynamics, and social hierarchies based on “human exceptionalism;” i.e. the idea that humans are not only fundamentally distinct from other creatures, but morally superior to them as well.
Translation from Chinese to Arabic as a Cultural Bridge: A Comparative Exploratory Study of the Role of Translation in Enhancing the Objectives of Teaching Chinese in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Wael
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the relationship between teaching Chinese as an additional foreign language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and enriching the translation movement from Chinese to Arabic. This exploration is based on the results of a field study that included a sample of parents of students learning Chinese. A mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodology was employed, where data were collected from students and their parents in two stages through questionnaires and statistical analysis using the SPSS program. The results indicated a very high level of interest among parents of students in the Chinese language and culture, with an arithmetic mean of 4.42 and a relative weight of 88.4%. Teaching Chinese significantly increased interest in Chinese literature and arts, supporting the Chinese-to-Arabic translation movement by 99.1% (simple linear regression: β = 0.991, p < 0.001). Additionally, translation from Chinese to Arabic was crucial in achieving the goals of Chinese language education in Saudi Arabia (mean = 4.44, relative weight = 88.8%). The results did not show statistically significant differences between participants' responses based on gender, educational level, or age group, indicating equal interest among different segments of Saudi society in learning the Chinese language and culture and enhancing translation between the two languages. Based on these results, The study recommends increasing Chinese teaching hours, establishing specialized translation centers, encouraging publishers to translate Chinese works, organizing student exchange programs with Chinese schools, regularly hosting Chinese cultural events in Saudi Arabia, and providing additional educational materials on Chinese culture and history. These initiatives aim to improve Chinese language learning and deepen cultural and intellectual exchange between Saudi Arabia and China, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030’s goals of economic diversification and stronger international partnerships. The results of this study contribute valuable insights into the relationship between language learning and the enhancement of the translation movement, supporting the development of educational and cultural strategies that contribute to achieving sustainable cultural and economic exchange between Saudi Arabia and China.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Direct Resin Composite Restoration after Staining and Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors:   Master's Degree in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Mohammed Al-Halali Sundos Hussein , Al-Shami Ibrahim Z ,   Professor in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Yemen, Alkholani Abdulwahab Ismail ,   Dean Faculty of Dentistry on 21 September University, Head of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, Dental Implant Consultant, Yemen, Shaiban Selwan Ahmed ,   Master's Degree in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Mohammed Humaid Hind Abdulrhman ,   Master's Degree in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Al. Rohmi Fatima Mohammed ,   Master's in Fixed Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study evaluated the discoloration effects of various staining agents, specifically coffee,
qat, a mixture of qat and red soft drink, and distilled water, on different resin-based composite materials.
Additionally, the effectiveness of an in-office bleaching agent in restoring color stability and removing
stains from these composites was assessed.
Materials and Methods: An in-vitro experimental observational study was conducted, where 60 discshaped resin composite specimens (Merfill Bulk Fill, Charm Microhybrid, Tokuyama Supra-Nano)
were immersed in the staining solutions for 7 days, followed by an in-office bleaching protocol and a
home bleaching treatment. Color measurements were taken before immersion, after staining, and postbleaching using a VITA Easy Shade V Spectrophotometer, with color differences (ΔE values) calculated.
Results: All resin composite specimens exhibited significant color changes after immersion in staining
solutions, with coffee causing the most discoloration, especially in Merfill Bulk Fill and Tokuyama
Supra-Nano composites. In-office bleaching effectively restored color stability, with the most significant
improvements seen after two applications.
Conclusion: The study confirmed that staining agents significantly affect the color stability of resinbased composites. Tokuyama Supra-Nano Composite exhibited superior stain resistance and effective
recovery post-bleaching, making it a preferred choice for aesthetic restorations. The findings emphasize
the importance of material selection and patient education regarding staining potential.
Explaining How to Use the Non-Medical of the Alternative and Natural Medicine Fields
Authors:   Doctrate of Natural Medicine Online, IBEM College, USA, Burkett Rebecca L.
Published: February 2025

This article will explain how to use the non-medical medical field in alternative and natural medicine.
There are hundreds of combinations of alternative and natural medicine to help the client to get well
quickly. Alternative and natural medicine encompasses a variety of health practices that are not typically
part of conventional medical treatments. These approaches can include herbal remedies, acupuncture,
homeopathy, and various dietary supplements. While many people find these methods beneficial, it is
essential to approach them with an informed perspective.
Developing Collaborative Governance Capabilities for Sustainable Development at Santer Application in Samarinda City
Authors: Perwitasari Dyah Rahayuning , Dyah Kuntorini Dwi Angreni  , Lara Ayu Lestari  , Bulan Erika Bato  , Iqbal Saputra Zana
Published: February 2025

Governments, development organizations, and others must increase their ability to tackle the complex difficulties of sustainable development. Significant investments in governance networks are being made by non-governmental groups. Nevertheless, excitement for there isn't always empirical support for the establishment of governance networks. This disparity presents difficulties. These groups to determine the value of their time and effort spent investing in governance networks; an assessment that is very important when resources are few. We assess the using a qualitative case study conducted in Samarinda City. proportionate share that the Santer Program, a governance network, made to four Individual, relational, organizational, and institutional are dimensions of collaborative governance capacity. We discover that the network contributed only moderately to the capacity of the individual, the relationship, and the organization, but the institutional capacity held steady in spite of the network's existence. This research is a qualitative study that will be conducted by reviewing the literature and examining the existing facts and data.  Based on these findings, we argue that governance networks are not a panacea. Continued efforts are needed to establish when, how, and in what contexts collaborative networks are effective for building collaborative capacity for sustainable development. It would be fruitful for future studies to investigate how collaborative capacity changed over time, and in particular if increases in collaborative governance ability persisted after the network had stopped.
Keywords: Collaborative Governance, Collaborative capacity, Samarinda City, Samarinda Santer
Context matters: adapting and validating the TEDS-instruct observation instrument assessing teaching quality for its use in Norwegian primary education
Authors: Senden Bas , Jentsch Armin , Teig Nani , Nilsen Trude , Fauskanger Janne , Frågåt Thomas , Maugesten Marianne , Mork Sonja Merethe , Mosvold Reidar , Nortvedt Guri A. , Olufsen Magne , Sjøberg Mari , Staberg Ragnhild Lyngved , Selling Alexander , Stovner Roar Bakken , Ødegaard Marianne
Published: February 2025

The current investigation aims to adapt and validate the Teacher Education and Development Study-Instruct observation instrument for assessing teaching quality in new contexts: Norwegian Grade 6 mathematics and science lessons. More specifically, the article examines content validity and reliability in the new contexts using a multi-methods approach, involving the Delphi technique and generalizability theory. Findings suggest that while the core components of the instrument are relevant in the new contexts, specific adaptations are necessary to capture teaching quality in a more nuanced and meaningful way. Based on the findings, specific adaptions are made to the instrument. Finally, recommendations for developing and using the instrument in the new contexts are provided. The current investigation underscores the importance of contextual sensitivity in the assessment of teaching quality.
A novel classification method for LUAD that guides personalized immunotherapy on the basis of the cross-talk of coagulation- and macrophage-related genes
Authors: Li Zhuoqi , Chen Ling , Wei Zhigang , Liu Hongtao , Zhang Lu , Huang Fujing , Wen Xiao , Tian Yuan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The coagulation process and infiltration of macrophages affect the progression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. This study was designed to explore novel classification methods that better guide the precise treatment of LUAD patients on the basis of coagulation and macrophages.

Methods

Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify M2 macrophage-related genes, and TAM marker genes were acquired through the analysis of scRNA-seq data. The MSigDB and KEGG databases were used to obtain coagulation-associated genes. The intersecting genes were defined as coagulation and macrophage-related (COMAR) genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis was used to evaluate distinct COMAR patterns for LUAD patients on the basis of the COMAR genes. The R package “limma” was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COMAR patterns. A prognostic risk score model, which was validated through external data cohorts and clinical samples, was constructed on the basis of the COMAR DEGs.

Results

In total, 33 COMAR genes were obtained, and three COMAR LUAD subtypes were identified on the basis of the 33 COMAR genes. There were 341 DEGs identified between the three COMAR subtypes, and 60 prognostic genes were selected for constructing the COMAR risk score model. Finally, 15 prognosis-associated genes (CORO1A, EPHA4, FOXM1, HLF, IFIH1, KYNU, LY6D, MUC16, PPARG, S100A8, SPINK1, SPINK5, SPP1, VSIG4, and XIST) were included in the model, which was efficient and robust in predicting LUAD patient prognosis and clinical outcomes in patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Conclusions

LUAD can be classified into three subtypes according to COMAR genes, which may provide guidance for precise treatment.
Bone Remodeling and Marginal Bone Loss of Simplified Versus Conventional Drilling: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ruiz García Alberto , Lijnev Artiom , Soleymani Fatemeh , Elango Jeevithan , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Pérez-Albacete Martínez Carlos
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the influence of conventional versus simplified drilling protocols on bone remodeling after the osteointegration period, marginal bone loss (MBL), and primary implant stability. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted involving 44 implants in 37 patients over a two-year period. The primary outcome was peri-implant tissue stability, measured as MBL at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Secondary outcomes included implant stability, measured via insertion torque, and survival rates. The results indicated no significant differences in initial bone remodeling and MBL between groups after 24 months. Both protocols demonstrated high survival rates, with one implant failure recorded in the simplified protocol group. Although simplified drilling protocols may reduce surgical complexity, concerns about heat generation and reduced adaptability in osteotomy were described in the literature. This study concludes that drilling protocol choice does not significantly impact bone levels during osteointegration, crestal bone maintenance, or implant survival over 24 months, but further research is needed to explore long-term effects and prosthetic factors.
Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Identification in Illiterate and Low-Educated People: Systematic Review About the Use of Brief Cognitive Screening Tools
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan Adrián , Chino Brenda , Tituana Kuripacha , Zapata-Restrepo Lina , Unaucho María Martha , Lopez-Norori Milton , Paredes-Manrique Carmen , Custodio Nilton
Published: February 2025

The rising prevalence of dementia, particularly in low-income and developing countries, highlights the urgent need for effective cognitive screening tools. However, the existing tools often fail to address the unique needs of low-educated and illiterate populations, leading to diagnostic disparities. This review aimed to evaluate cognitive screening tests and domains employed globally to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in low-educated and illiterate older adults. Following the PRISMA guidelines, Searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, targeting studies from January 2000 to 2023 involving adults over 45 years old. Of 1611 studies identified, 27 met the inclusion criteria and underwent pair review. The results revealed that most studies preferred adapting the existing tools to local languages over developing culturally tailored instruments. Twelve cognitive tests specifically designed for low-educated populations were identified, with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) being the most utilized, despite their educational biases. Adjusting the cutoff points improved detection (e.g., MoCA: sensitivity 82.5%, specificity 82%). Notably, the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) demonstrated superior performance for low-educated groups (sensitivity 89% and specificity 93%). The findings underscore the critical need for region-specific cognitive batteries that integrate functional assessments, ensuring equitable and accurate diagnosis across diverse educational backgrounds.
Preserving the Past to Shape the Future: The Evolution of Office Spaces Through Historic Building Adaptation
Authors: Abu-Lail Dana Maher Ayoub , Goriel Wafaa Anwar Sulaiman , Molnár Tamás , Bachmann Bálint , Medvegy Gabriella , Borsos Ágnes , Zoltán Erzsébet Szeréna
Published: February 2025

The adaptive reuse of historic buildings into contemporary office spaces prompts intriguing inquiries regarding its impact on employee satisfaction and workplace culture. This study explores the potential of adaptive reuse to transform historic buildings into functional, sustainable offices, using Erbil Citadel houses as a base for the study. Through this research study, user preferences and perceptions of the integration of historical features into the modern work environment were examined. Quantitative data were extracted from 60 survey respondents and analyzed in terms of medians, modes and the analysis of key themes, such as historical aesthetics, employee creativity, work satisfaction and environmental factors, including natural light and airflow. The findings emphasize the equilibrium between safeguarding the cultural heritage of the historical structure and the requirements of contemporary office environments. The findings underscore the need for sustainable practices and technological integration to enhance workplace functionality and team well-being, particularly in shared spaces. This paper highlights the importance of decision makers’ perspectives on heritage conservation, stressing the necessity for a culturally attuned and sustainable reuse strategy that addresses community requirements. This study offers a methodological framework for reconciling historical narratives with modern office requirements while also addressing broader discussions on adaptive reuse and the potential for enhancing workplace quality.
Reconfiguring Community Relational Dynamics Through Revitalizing Rural Ancestral Temples: Insights from Whampoa Village in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Gu Zhonghua , Li Huilian , Huang Jidan , Qi Luhui
Published: February 2025

The micro-renewal of rural heritage in urban villages transcends spatial transformation, profoundly altering social structures and relational dynamics. Recent research has emerged concerning the cultural impact of rural revitalization on rural heritage. However, little research has been undertaken regarding the specific mechanisms via which various renewal orientations influence the community. This study focuses on the case of Whampoa Village in Guangzhou, China, specifically highlighting the rehabilitation of its ancestral temples. Utilizing a field–space–society analytical framework, it analyzes how these revitalized ancestral temples enhance community resilience and instigate a reverse reconfiguration of spaces. Moreover, it emphasizes that the varied rehabilitation approach of ancestral temples, by including different social groups, fosters the establishment of new community connections. NGOs and small investors act as the primary catalysts for the preservation and inheritance of cultural heritage. The redevelopment initiative in Whampoa Village has enhanced spatial diversity, thereby reinforcing and transforming existing community structures. Nonetheless, it highlights the potential for spatial inequities arising from capital-driven commercialization in these rural regions. This article seeks to enrich the global database of cultural heritage by including cases from southern China and to contribute to the literature on the preservation of rural cultural assets.