bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Формульная сложность линейной функции в $k$-арном базисе
Authors: Sergeev Igor Sergeevich
Published: March 2021

В работе предлагается способ расширения метода Храпченко нижней
оценки сложности бинарных формул на формулы в $k$-арных базисах.
Полученное расширение позволяет сложность линейной булевой функции
и функции голосования $n$ переменных при реализации формулами
в базисе из всех $k$-местных монотонных функций и отрицания оценить
как $\Omega(n^{g(k)})$, где $g(k)=1+\Theta(1/\ln k)$. Для линейной
функции оценка сложности в таком виде неулучшаема. При $k=3$
доказывается более аккуратная нижняя оценка $\Omega(n^{1.53})$.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Cambios en patrones de precipitación y temperatura en el Ecuador: regiones sierra y oriente.
Authors: León Baque Elvia Eligia , Vásquez Granda Vicente David , Valderrama Chávez María Doménica
Published: March 2021

En esta investigación se analizaron series de 40 años de precipitaciones y temperatura de las estaciones meteorológicas de la sierra y el oriente del Ecuador desde 1980 a 2019. Al considerar la variabilidad en las estaciones, fue posible establecer tendencias hacia el aumento o disminución de temperatura a lo largo del tiempo. Las fluctuaciones de las series de datos comparativos mostraron una variabilidad en el comportamiento; por ello, las mismas estuvieron sometidas a una prueba estadística no paramétrica de Mann Kendall para el análisis y estudio correspondiente.
Evolution of Management System Certification: An overview
Authors: Kaur Jappreet , Kochhar Tejpal Singh , Ganguli Souvik , S Suman Rajest
Published: March 2021

This chapter addresses the Management System Certification. The history of ISO and its evolution from MIL-Q-9858 to currently known as ISO 9000 has been discussed. We've also explored how the actual need for quality was discovered and how it led to the formulation of various sector-specific standards. Further, in this chapter, we've discussed various ISO Standards and we've also mentioned the primary benefits of being ISO certified. This chapter also covers the pre-requisites for procuring a certification and the comparison of India with the rest of the world. Finally, this chapter summarises sectors where a lot of work still needs to be done.
L’État et le monopole de la coercition: vers la fin du mythe?
Authors: NAHI PREGNON CLAUDE
Published: March 2021

L’émergence de l’État moderne est généralement analysée à l’aune de sa capacité à préserver l’ordre social par la concentration des moyens de coercition à l’intérieur d’un territoire donné. Cependant, ce monopole de la violence tend aujourd’hui à s’éroder sous les effets conjugués de la crise économique, de l’inflation des besoins et la pression du marché. Cette situation a occasionné un partenariat entre l’État et certains prestataires en vue d’une « coproduction » de l’ordre. Cette réflexion soutient qu’au-delà de révéler une situation de crise de l’État monopoliste, ces mutations sont également symptomatiques d’une transformation et d’une recomposition des appareils étatiques.
Modifying the Body: Canadian Men's Perspectives on Appearance and Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , White Philip
Published: March 2021

In postmodern scholarship there has been a temporal shift to thinking of the body as malleable rather than fixed, which has opened space for the remaking of the self via the remaking of the body (Featherstone, 1991; Giddens, 1991). Among men, this process is thought to interact with shifting understandings of masculinity. In this study, 14 interviews were conducted to investigate experiences of masculinity, physical appearance and cosmetic surgery among Canadian men who had undergone or were contemplating cosmetic surgery. Responses suggest that bodily presentations and experiences of masculinity continue to influence how people feel about themselves and their perspective toward cosmetic surgery. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary constructions of masculinity, body, and identity.
Interpreting Community Accountability: Citizen Views of Responding to Domestic Violence (or Not)
Authors: Hess Jacob , Allen Nicole , Todd Nathan
Published: March 2021

In spite of common public condemnations of domestic violence, survey research suggests that citizens aware of actual abuse often believe they cannot or should not personally respond. Through in-depth interviews with 20 local citizens across the political spectrum, we sought to explore this dynamic more carefully by better understanding community interpretations of domestic violence and its appropriate response. This paper explores ten specific views identified in these interviews as potentially relevant to citizen action (or inaction) in response to known abuse. After examining subtle consequences of each belief, we explore broader implications for community mobilization and propose several ways of facilitating a more thoughtful and extensive deliberation about domestic violence among the general public.
How to Conduct Qualitative Research on the Patient's Experience
Authors: Chenail Ronald
Published: March 2021

From a perspective of patient-centered healthcare, exploring patients' (a) preconceptions, (b) treatment experiences, (c) quality of life, (d) satisfaction, (e) illness understandings, and (f) design are all critical components in improving primary health care and research. Utilizing qualitative approaches to discover patients' experiences can provide valuable information for practitioners and investigators alike. In this paper, the author describes how researchers can select from among five major qualitative designs (i.e., primary qualitative research, qualitative evaluation, collaborative inquiry, mixed method, and qualitative meta-study) and five preeminent qualitative methodologies (i.e., descriptive, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative) to create studies to meet their patient-centered research needs.
Induction, Deduction, and Cyclical Movement: A Review of Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Patton Christine
Published: March 2021

In Qualitative Research Methods, Hennink, Hutter, and Bailey (2011) offer readers an overview of every phase of qualitative research from formulating research questions, to participant recruitment, to writing and presenting results. In each of these phases, the authors push readers to continuously move between induction and deduction and embrace the cyclical nature of the qualitative research process.
Does Recreational Reading in Native Language Influence Foreign Language Learning Process?
Authors: Aydin Selami
Published: March 2021

Limited studies have been conducted on the effects on recreational reading in native language on foreign language learning, whereas no findings exist on the effects of recreational reading in Turkish as a native language (L1) on English as a foreign language (EFL) learning. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of recreational reading in L1 on the process of learning EFL. The sample group consists of 70 learners and a background questionnaire, interviews, oral presentations, classroom discussions, essay papers, and responses to examination questions were used for data collection. The results indicated that recreational reading in L1 has some significant contributions to EFL learning although it has some negative effects.
Ten Steps for Conceptualizing and Conducting Qualitative Research Studies in a Pragmatically Curious Manner
Authors: Chenail Ronald
Published: March 2021

In a world of methodological pluralism and mixed-methods, qualitative researchers can take a pathway of pragmatic curiosity by exploring their research interests and the possible design and methodology choices to create studies that not only allow them to pursue their investigative curiosities, but also result in coherent and effective systems of procedural choices. Ten steps are offered for researchers to conceive and conduct qualitative research projects that are both responsive to research goals and objectives and defendable to criteria of quality and critics of utility.
Using Realist Synthesis to Develop an Evidence Base from an Identified Data Set on Enablers and Barriers for Alcohol and Drug Program Implementation
Authors: Hunter Barbara , Berends Lynda , MacLean Sarah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show how “realist synthesis” methodology (Pawson, 2002) was adapted to review a large sample of community based projects addressing alcohol and drug use problems. Our study drew on a highly varied sample of 127 projects receiving funding from a national non-government organisation in Australia between 2002 and 2008. Open and pattern coding led to the identification of 10 barrier and nine enabler mechanisms influencing project implementation across the sample. Eight case studies (four demonstrating successful implementation; four demonstrating less than successful implementation) were used for depth exploration of these mechanisms. High level theories were developed, from these findings, on implementation effectiveness in projects addressing alcohol and other drug use problems.
Mixed-Methods Research Methodologies
Authors: Terrell Steven
Published: March 2021

Mixed-Method studies have emerged from the paradigm wars between qualitative and quantitative research approaches to become a widely used mode of inquiry. Depending on choices made across four dimensions, mixed-methods can provide an investigator with many design choices which involve a range of sequential and concurrent strategies. Defining features of these designs are reported along with quality control methods, and ethical concerns. Useful resources and exemplary study references are shared.
BOX-COX TRANSFORMATION APPROACH FOR DATA NORMALIZATION: A STUDY OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Malik Fozia
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is the application of Box-Cox transformation approach for data normalization. It is mostly noticed that in social science research discipline the data is not normally distributed which can cause various problems for researchers. These problems are related to decisions which statistical tools should apply in case of non-normality of data. A data set using two independent variables; (i) internal resources, (ii) external resources, one mediating variable which is new product development process and one dependent variable namely new product success from manufacturing sector of Pakistan is utilized to analyze normality of data through the Shapiro-Wilk statistics. When it was analyzed that data is not normal than box-cox transformation approach was employed. It was noticed that applyingafter box-cox transformation data was normal which can be utilized for further statisticalanalysis. Therefore, this paper contributes in suggesting statistical technique, for example, Box-Cox Transformation approach (Box & Cox, 1964) can be used for normalizing data. Theresearch scholars can gain insight from this research regarding the procedure of Box-CoxTransformation approach.
Предметная олимпиада по физике как часть профориентационной
работы в военном вузе
Authors: Шинкарёва Н.В. , Лелюшкина О.М. , Сынашенко О.В.
Published: March 2021

Рассматривается способ решения проблемы обеспечения высокого конкурса и отбора лучших претендентов, поступающих в военный вуз – проведение предметной школьной олимпиады на территории вуза. Представлен подробный план проведения этого мероприятия кафедрой физики
Особенности обучения языку специальности на занятиях по РКИ
со студентами экономического профиля
Authors: Лескова Е.В.
Published: March 2021

Представлен анализ основных проблем обучения языку специальности на занятиях по «Русскому языку как иностранному» со студентами экономического профиля, определению путей их решения. Особое внимание уделяется вопросу отбора и объяснения терминологического материала и выбору изучаемых научных текстов, определению целей и задач обучения в целом, - выделению ключевых аспектов, которые должны лечь в основу разработки и проведения курса по научному стилю речи по направлению «Экономика»
RESEARCHES OF THE INFLUENCE OF NITRATE CONTENTS ON MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF MAIZE PLANTS
Authors: JIPA ADINA PETRUȚA , MURARIU DANELA
Published: March 2021

Nitrogen is an important element required for plant growth and development. It is a key component in many biological compounds that play a major role in photosynthetic activity and crop yield capacity. Variation in nitrogen availability can affect plant development and productivity in maize. One of the ways of soil pollution through agricultural technology is over-fertilization and, in particular, the administration of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Excess of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as their empirical application, have negative effects on harvest quality. Excessive use of fertilizers with nitrogen, produces of ion nitric accumulation in the soil (temporary) and in plants, which disturbs the balance of photosynthesis, causes the appearance of necrosis and burns on leaves, severe intoxication and even death by asphyxiation phenomena and cyanosis at ruminants, children and old people. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of different nitrogen levels and different type of fertilizers on nitrates levels in maize leaves and on morphological traits of maize plants. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) with five nitrogen levels (80 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 160 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and two type of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea).
SEED GERMINATION AND MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) VARIETIES
IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER
Authors: ZOUAGRI I. , BEKHOUCHE F. , KHELOUFI A. , NOURI L.
Published: March 2021

The ability to reuse treated wastewater (TWW) would be of significant benefit to agriculture whilst at the same time providing a valuable water resource. This study concerned the effects of three various levels of treated wastewater (0%, 50% and 100% TWW) on seed germination and plant development of three different varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (viz. Toufan, Heinz and Bouzina). Irrigation with TWW persisted 15 days for the germination stage and 120 days for the growth and development stage. A control plot irrigated with a pure water (groundwater) was also set up in order to compare the seeds and the plants response to different concentrations of irrigation water. The final germination was expressed as a percentage of the total number of seeds in each treatment. This study has demonstrated that treated wastewater improves the germination in Heinz variety and had no effect on both Toufan and Bouzina varieties whether it is pure or diluted by half. For the growth stage, the statistical analysis showed that the Toufan variety has tolerated successfully the TWW irrigation with its high and moderate concentrations, and this by analysing all the morpho-physiological parameters studied in this work (leaves numbers, stem and root length and dry biomass, relative water content and rate water loss).
EFFECT OF WATER SOURCES ON THE HEALTH OF RURAL CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: BABATUNDE R. O. , SALAMI M. F. , AROKE J. O.
Published: March 2021

Majority of the disease outbreak in developing countries have been attributed to contaminated water with children being the worst hit. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of water sources on the health status of children under the age of 5 years in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data was obtained through the use of semi-structured interviews; 150 households with at least one child under five years were interviewed however; only 146 questionnaires were completed and found valid for analysis. The data was subjected to descriptive statistics, such as pie chart, bar charts. The results show that majority (58.2%) of the children were males. Also, most (83.5%) of the children were infants, i.e. within the age range of 0-2 years. Most (96%) of the households had access to improved water sources of which protected dug well is the most accessible. Many (42%) of the households reported that they experience periods of water shortage, this explains why water washed diseases (disease associated with poor hygiene in the face of water scarcity) was the most predominant diseases reported among the children with 70 reported cases. These were closely followed by the water related insect vector diseases with 64 reported cases and then water borne diseases with 48 reported cases. Water based diseases rarely occurred in the study area. This study, therefore, recommends that effort should be geared towards provision of safe water all year round for the farming households. Also, insecticide treated nets should be made available for the children in the farming households so as to prevent insect bites.
BIOMASS YIELD ENHANCEMENT OF DHAINCHA (SESBANIA SPECIES) THROUGH CULTURAL PRACTICES
Authors: CHANDA S. C. , RAZZAK M. A. , HOSSAIN M. A. , GOLAM SARWAR A. K. M.
Published: March 2021

Three separate field experiments were conducted to exploit biomass yield potential of dhaincha (Sesbania species) by different cultural practices. A total of six accessions from three Sesbania species, viz. S. bispinosa (#05, 71, 77 and 109), S. cannabina (#28) and S. sesban (#81), were used as experimental materials. Experimental treatments were population densities, viz. 180, 240 and 300 plants m-2; sowing dates, viz. 30 April, 15 May, 30 May and 15 June, and fertilizer doses, viz. 0 (without N/control), 10, 20 and 30 kg N ha-1. All the experiments were designed following randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiments on population density and sowing dates were conducted in control condition (without any fertilizer application). The N-fertilizer was applied as top dress at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and crops were harvested at 60 DAS. The maximum biomass (10.07 t ha-1) was obtained from 240 plants m-2. At 30 April sowing, plants produced the tallest height (199.69 cm), widest base diameter (1.02 cm), highest fresh weight (62.07 t ha-1) and biomass yield (14.73 t ha-1). There were no significant differences in biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors between 20 and 30 kg N ha-1. Among the species, S. bispinosa was the best performer in terms of biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors. It may be concluded that S. bispinosa (accession #71) could be cultivated with the population density 240 plants m-2, at 30 April, without any fertilizer application. In case of later sowing/cultivation, the 20 kg N ha-1 could be applied for the maximization of biomass yield.
THE ROLE OF PRETREATMENT PARAMETERS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF TWO FENNEL CULTIVARS
Authors: KHOSHKHARAM M. , SHAHRAJABIAN M. H. , SUN W. , CHENG Q.
Published: March 2021

Fennel is one of the most important medicinal and spice plants and has become one of the most important economical medicinal plants in Mediterranean, and the Middle East. The germination ability and percentage are fundamental characteristics which influence the viability of the plants. Prechilling has meaningful influence on coleoptile length, radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage, mean time for germination and germination rate, but uniformity of seed germination did not significantly influenced by it. The cultivar effect was significant on coleoptile length, radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage and germination rate. However, mean time for germination and uniformity of seed germination did not significantly affected by cultivar. All experimental characteristics, except uniformity of seed germination, significantly influenced by hormone. The maximum coleoptile length, radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage and germination ratio was related to 45 days moist prechilling treatment. Isfahan cultivar also had obtained the highest coleoptile and radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage and germination ratio compare to Shiraz cultivar. It seems that application of endogenous GA3+KI and BA+KI concentration, which is provided mostly by chilling treatment, is the most effective factor for breaking the seed dormancy. On the basis of the results, usage of 45 days moist prechilling accompanied with application of GA3+KI and BA+KI in Isfahan cultivar was appropriate.
A REVIEW ON PLANT GENOMES OF SOME IMPORTANT TRADITIONAL CHINESE FRUITS AND HERBS
Authors: SHAHRAJABIAN M. H. , SUN W. , CHENG Q.
Published: March 2021

Chinese medicinal herbs and fruits have grown rapidly and significantly in recent years and have a positive influence on improving people’s attention to their health and organic life style. According to the advancement of sequencing technologies and reduced costs, the genome sequencing data of medicinal plants are accumulating rapidly. Our aim was to review plant genomes of three important medicinal plants in China. There is an ample genetic diversity of plants with medicinal importance around the globe and this pool of genetic variation serves as the base for selection, as well as for plant improvement. Plant genomes are characterized by large variations of genome size and ploidy level. Comparative genomics provides a method to unravel the relationship between genomes, by describing conserved chromosomes or chromosomal regions between related species. It is also clear that it is possible to use plant genome as a tool for improving breeding strategies. However, certain limitations represent a number of challenges for the generation and utilization of genomic resources in many important medicinal plant species. This review has focused on plant genomes of some important horticultural plants, which are famous in traditional Chinese medicine, namely ginger, ginseng and goji berry. However, more researches are needed to introduce the genome research of medicinal plants.
FOOD SECURITY STATUS: ITS DRIVERS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG VEGETABLE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: MUKAILA Ridwan , FALOLA Abraham , OMOTESHO Olubunmi Abayomi
Published: March 2021

Food insecurity remains a major challenge worldwide, especially among the rural areas of developing nation. Women and children are most vulnerable to this phenomenon. However, while many studies have assessed farming households’ food security status in general, there is dearth of information on vegetable farmers’, who are mostly women, food security status in particular. This study, therefore, investigated the food security status of vegetable farming households, its drivers and coping strategies in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, food insecurity index and logistic regression were used to analysed data collected from 180 respondents. The findings showed that food insecurity remains a major challenge in rural areas as only 45.55% were food secure. The food secure group surpassed the food security line by 17%. Food insecure group fell below the food security line by 36% with a daily average calorie intake of 1581.35 kcal. Annual income (p< 0.1), cooperative membership (p< 0.1), vegetable production (p< 0.05) and access to credit (p< 0.05) were the significant factors enhancing their food security status, while household size (p< 0.01) negatively influenced it. The widely used food insecurity coping mechanisms by the households were eating less expensive food, eating wild fruits, reducing rational consumption, allowing children to eat first, borrowing money to buy food, buying food on credit and skipping meal within a day. The study recommends encouragement of vegetable production through provision of credit facilities to the farmers as this would enhance their food security status.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON THE EXTENSION OF SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF BANANA
Authors: Al MUZAHID Md. Abu Abdullah , KHANUM Most. Mahbuba , MONDAL Md. Ferdous
Published: March 2021

An experiment was carried out in the Laboratories of the Departments of Horticulture and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from 23rd April to 10th May 2015. The two factors experiment was conducted for extension of shelf life and quality of banana under different postharvest treatments. The first factor was stages of maturity which had three maturity stages, viz.: 1) hard green (S1), 2) pale green (S2) and optimum maturity stage (S3). The second factor was postharvest treatments, which had five treatments, viz.: 1) control (room temperature), 2) keeping fruits in perforated plastic bag, 3) keeping fruits in perforated plastic bag containing KMnO4, 4) fruits treated with hot water for 5 min at 50°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4, and 5) fruits pre-cooling for 30 min at 5°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4. The pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, titratable acidity, were greater when fruits were harvested at optimum maturity stage than hard green stage. Total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar were increased with storage duration, but increasing trend was slower when fruits were pre-cooling at 5°C for 30 min and kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4. The longest shelf life of banana fruits (19 days) was observed when hard green stages fruits pre-cooling at 5°C for 30 min and kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4 and the minimum shelf life (5.87 days) was observed in the combination of optimum maturity stage + control. So, it may be concluded that pre-cooling for 30 min at 5°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4 treatment should be used for extending shelf life and quality of banana.
The Effects of Social Media on Reading Habits
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Asim Andleeb , Khan Muhammad Tufail , Arif Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to conduct a quantitative inquiry to understand the effects of social media on the reading habits of the students. The study explored the social media usage patterns and statistically analyzed the effects of social media on reading habits by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. A structured questionnaire was developed by analyzing the related literature and reliability test (Cronbach alpha) testifies that data collection instrument was stable enough to measure the phenomenon. Data collected from a sample of 430 students. The findings of the study revealed the positive effects of social media on reading habits. However, distraction during the time of the study noted as the adverse effect. There was a significant difference of opinion among males and females opinion in terms of certain effects. The study mentioned that Facebook, Whatsapp, Google+ and YouTube were used daily by students. Most of the students were using social media through cell phone. The study has theoretical implications for researchers and practical implications for academia, teachers, policy institutions, and higher education institutions.
Assessing LIS graduates’ ICT skills and job market needs in the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Younus Muhammad , Sajjad Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This article aims to explore ICT skills of LIS graduates in the Punjab, Pakistan. It also indentifies the ICT skills needed by information market for absorption of LIS graduates. A mixed methods research design was employed to collect data from LIS graduates and heads of leading libraries in the Punjab through the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews respectively. The findings suggest that LIS graduates possess theoretical knowledge and basic skills of ICT. The majority of graduating students have an intermediate level of ICT skills. Their current ICT skills are not adequate to meet the job market needs. A number of ICT skills that LIS graduates need to possess for employability have been identified. Deficiencies in LIS curricula, the lack of practical training, the paucity of faculty teaching ICT courses and meager ICT facilities are the major factors that hinder the development of students’ ICT skills. The outcomes of the present research will help LIS schools in the Punjab to redesign their curricula by incorporating necessary contents in ICT courses and equip students with ICT skills in accordance with needs of the job market.
Boulevard Tree Failures During Wind Loading Events
Authors: Johnson Gary , Giblin Chad , Murphy Ryan , North Eric , Rendahl Aaron
Published: March 2021

Wind loading events vary in their intensity and degree of damage inflicted on urban infrastructure, both green and gray. Damage to urban trees can begin with wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour, especially when those trees harbor defects that predispose them to structural failures. The tree damage triangle integrates the three main factors that influence tree failures during wind loading events, namely the site characteristics, the (wind) loading event and any defects of the trees in question. The degree of damage that trees experience is generally a function of these factors overlapping each other. For instance, when the potential damage from wind loading events is exacerbated by poor tree architecture and compromised site conditions, the likelihood of significant damage is realized. Two studies on the damage to urban trees and the predictability of damage are reviewed; one study is a long-term gathering of wind loading events and accompanying damage to trees while the other is a case study of one storm in one city on one day. Both studies revealed critical pre-existing conditions that left trees vulnerable to whole tree losses: large trees in limited boulevard widths and severed roots as a result of sidewalk repair.
Root Growth of Accolade™ Elm in Structural Soil Under Porous and Nonporous Asphalt After Twelve Years
Authors: Bassuk Nina , Raffel Gary , Sax Miles Schwartz
Published: March 2021

Accolade™ Elm trees were planted in CU Structural Soil®overlaid with porous or nonporous asphalt in 2005. At three separate points (2012, 2015, and 2016) over the last twelve years, root densities were measured with Ground Penetrating Radar to a depth of 30 inches (76.2 cm) beneath the asphalt. Roots under the porous asphalt were more numerous and tended to grow deeper in the structural soil profile. Shoot growth was reduced in trees that grew under the nonporous asphalt beginning in the eighth year after planting. CU Structural Soil®is a viable medium for tree growth and stormwater capture when paved with porous asphalt.
Urban Stormwater Management: Can Tree Roots and Structural Soils Improve Hydraulic Conductivity into Compacted Soils?
Authors: Ow Lai Fern Genevieve , Chow Dloysius
Published: March 2021

Typically, surface precipitation runoff is a key source of flooding and water pollution in urban communities, and the costly and time-consuming process of installing bio-retention basins is one approach to overcoming these challenges. The implementation of structural soils in bio-retention basins designed to receive and retain stormwater provides these systems with additional functions to bear loads and facilitate tree root growth and exploration. The channels that tree roots produce as they grow can also aid in the flow of water down the soil profile. In this study, the potential for tree roots to penetrate compacted soils and increase rates of hydraulic conductivity were examined alongside the use of structural soil in the context of urban stormwater systems. For the first experiment, Pouteria obovata and Calophyllum soulattri together with a control (without tree) were placed in cylindrical planting sleeves surrounded by compacted clay loam at two compaction levels (bulk densities of 1.45 g cm−3 and 1.66 g cm−3). Roots of both species penetrated the compacted soil, and hydraulic conductivity was increased by an average of 50%. In the second experiment, the same species were grown in structural soil, and a geotextile separated the compacted soil (bulk density of 1.66 g cm−3) from the structural soil (compacted). A greater number of roots as well as larger root diameters from Pouteria obovata penetrated the geotextile, and hydraulic conductivity was enhanced twofold when compared to the controls that had no trees. Growing woody rooting plants and installing structural soils within urban stormwater systems may confer benefits of increased water infiltration and enhanced root development, alongside potential overall improvements to tree health for stormwater control systems in urban environments.
Deep Belief Network Approach for Recognition of Cow using Cow Nose Image Pattern
Authors: BELLO Rotimi-Williams , TALIB Abdullah Zawawi Hj , MOHAMED Ahmad Sufril Azlan Bin
Published: March 2021

A deep belief network is proposed to learn the discriminatory cow nose image texture features for a robust representation of cows' features and recognition using a cow nose image pattern. Deep belief network is a deep learning model that is graphically based, and it is applied to learn the extracted feature sets of cow nose image pattern for hierarchical representation by using the training details of the training phase of the system proposed. Deep belief network application is useful in animal biometrics to monitor the animals through its recognition and identification techniques. Biometrics application emanated from computer vision and pattern recognition. Its application plays an important role in registering and monitoring animals through its recognition and identification techniques. Because the existing physical-based feature representation methods and manual visual feature extractions cannot handle animal recognition, the deep belief network technique is proposed using the animal's visual attributes. An experiment performed under a controlled condition of identification indicated that the proposed method outshines the existing methods with approximately 98.99 % accuracy. Four thousand cow nose images from an existing database of 400 individual cows contribute to the community of research, especially in the animal biometrics for identification of individual cow.
Funcionalidade e força muscular estão associadas ao risco e medo de quedas em idosos?
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Pivetta Naelly Renata Saraiva , Yamashita Felipe Carmona , Nascimento Matheus Amarante do , Santos Natália Quevedo dos , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade do , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Investigar se o nível de funcionalidade e a força muscular estão associados ao risco de queda e ao medo de cair em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 80 idosos, de março a agosto de 2019, no município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. Para avaliação, aplicaram-se: um questionário sociodemográfico, o WHODAS 2.0, a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas, o teste de levantar e sentar na cadeira, o teste de flexão de antebraço, além do teste sentado, caminhada de 2,44m e voltar a sentar. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se a correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão múltipla (p<0,05). Resultados: Os domínios de funcionalidade e a força muscular explicam 40% da variância nas pontuações do medo de quedas, no entanto apenas os domínios de autocuidado (β=0,409) e AVD (β=0,379) apresentaram associação significante (p<0,05) e positiva com o medo de quedas. Os domínios de funcionalidade e a força muscular explicam 51% da variância das pontuações do risco de queda, sendo que apenas o domínio de relações interpessoais (β=-0,340), a força muscular de membros superiores (β=-0,512) e a força muscular de membros inferiores (β=-0,192) apresentaram associação significante (p<0,05) e negativa com o risco de quedas. Conclusão: Observa-se que, na população de idosos em questão, as medidas de funcionalidade e a força muscular estão associadas ao risco de queda e ao medo de cair.
Equity in the Driver’s Seat: A Practice-Driven, Equity-Centered Approach for Setting R&D Agendas in Education
Authors: Liberman Babe , Young Viki
Published: March 2021

Education research is too often based on gaps in published research or the niche interests of researchers, rather than the priority challenges faced by schools and districts. As a result, the education studies that researchers design and publish are often not applicable to schools’ most pressing needs. To spur future research to address the specific equity goals of schools and districts, Digital Promise set out to define and test a collaborative process for developing practice-driven, equity-centered R&D agendas. Our process centered on convening a range of education stakeholders to listen to and prioritize the equity-related challenges that on-the-ground staff are facing, while considering prominent gaps in existing research and solutions. We selected two challenge topics around which to pilot this approach and create sample agendas (adolescent literacy and computational thinking).
Fostering Powerful Use of Technology Through Instructional Coaching
Authors: Bakhshaei Mahsa , Hardy Angela , Francisco Aubrey , Noakes Sierra , Fusco Judi
Published: March 2021

Research findings suggest that instructional technology coaching may be a critical lever in closing the gap in the usage of technology, sometimes referred to as the digital use divide. In the 2017-2018 school year, we provided 50 schools in 20 school districts across five states, with a grant to support an onsite, full-time instructional technology coach (called a DLP coach). Our data shows that after one year of working with their DLP coach, teachers are using technology more frequently and in more powerful ways. DLP teachers report significant increases in using technology for both teaching content and pedagogy—in other words, teachers are using technology to support what they are teaching, as well as how they are teaching it.
Penilaian Kondisi Jalan Poros Sabbang Selatan Menggunakan Metode Surface Distress Index
Authors: Sari Dewi Artika , Kisman Afdal
Published: March 2021

Prasarana jalan jika terbebani volume lalu lintas yang tinggi dan berulang-ulang akan menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi penurunan kondisi khususnya pada jalan poros Kecamatan Sabbang Selatan Kabupaten Luwu Utara tepatnya di jalan Padang Sarre, Buntu Terpedo sampai jalan Dandang sepanjang 4 km perlu adanya penanganan. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian awal terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan dengan melakukan survei secara visual dengan cara menganalisa kerusakan berdasarkan jenis dantingkat kerusakannya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menilai kondisi perkerasan danpenanganan sesuai kondisi permukaan jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan system penilaian kondisi perkerasan menurut Bina Marga dengan perhitungan Surface Distress Index (SDI) untuk jalan beraspal. Dari hasil penelitian di dapatkan penilaian untuk jenis kerusakan permukaan jalan pada ruas kanan yaitu retak pinggir 1,183%, lubang 0,031%, amblas 0,054%, retak kulit buaya 3,271%, retak kotak-kotak 3,222%, tambalan 0,033% dan pengelupasan butir 0,013%. Sedangkan untuk ruas kiri yaitu retak pinggir 0,035%, lubang 0,051%, amblas 0,000%, retak kulit buaya 0,130%, retak kotak-kotak 2,351%, tambalan 0,000% dan pengelupasan butir 0,150%. Kondisi perkerasan jalan yang menjadi objek penelitian sepanjang 4 km yaitu 85% baik, 0% sedang, 15% rusak ringan, 0% rusakberat.Road infrastructure if it is burdened by high and repetitive traffic volumes will cause a decrease in road quality so that it can affect safety, comfort and smoothness in traffic. To prevent deterioration in conditions, especially on the axis road of South Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency, precisely on Padang Sarre road, Buntu Terpedo to Dandang road along 4 km, it needs handling. So it is necessary to conduct an initial research on road surface conditions by conducting a visual survey by analyzing the damage based on the type and level of damage. The research objective was to assess pavement conditions and handling according to road surface conditions. This study uses a pavement condition assessment system according to Bina Marga with the calculation of the Surface Distress Index (SDI) for asphalt roads. From the research results obtained an assessment for the type of road surface damage on the right side, namely edge cracks 1.183%, holes 0.031%, collapse 0.054%, crocodile skin cracks 3.271%, checkered cracks 3.222%, 0.033% patches and 0.013% peeling grains. Whereas for the left section, the edges cracked 0.035%, holes 0.051%, collapsed 0.000%, crocodile skin cracks 0.130%, checkered cracks 2.351%, fillings 0.000% and peeling 0.150%. The condition of the pavement which is the object of the research along 4 km is 85% good, 0% moderate, 15% lightly damaged, 0% heavily damaged.
WUJUD KASIH SAYANG IBU DALAM SENI PATUNG ABSTRAK
Authors: Darma Aulia
Published: March 2021

Tujuan pembuatan karya akhir ini adalah memvisualisasikan tentang ungkapan kasih sayang seorang ibu dalam wujud karya patung abstrak figuratif dengan teknik cetak (cashting) dengan menggunakan lima tahapan yaitu persiapan, elaborasi, sintesis, realisasi konsep, dan penyelesaian. Setelah melakukan serangkaian proses penciptaan yang panjang maka terciptalah 7 buah patung, diantaranya: ‘’Permulaan’’, ‘’Penantian Yang Panjang’’, ‘’Pengorbanan Ibu’’, ‘’Kasih Sayang’’, ‘’Ungkapan Cinta Ibu’’, ‘’Mendidik’’, dan ‘’Ketulusan’’. Diharapkan karya akhir bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa jurusan seni rupa, sebagai bahan apresiasi dan karya pembanding untuk menciptakan karya patung yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang. The purpose of this final paper is to visualize the expression of mother's affection in the form of abstract figurative sculpture by printing technique (cashting) by using five stages: preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion. After performing a series of long creation process then created 7 pieces of sculpture, including: '' Beginnings '', '' Long Waiting '', '' Sacrifice Mother '','' Love '','' Mother Love Expression '' , '' Educating '', and '' Sincerity ''. It is hoped that the final work will be useful for art students, as an appreciation and comparative work to create better sculpture in the future.
PENDALAMAN KARAKTER SISWA-SISWI DALAM EKSTRAKURIKULER TEATER DISMA NEGERI 1 ALALAK MENGGUNAKAN OLAH SUKMA
Authors: Shafwan Rofi
Published: March 2021

Masalah yang ditemukan dalam Ekstrakuikuler Teater di SMA Negeri 1 Alalak adalah siswa kesulitan dalam mempelajari dan memainkan karakter yang mereka perankan. Ibu Ani Nilawardani, M.Pd selaku penanggung jawab Ekstrakurikuler Teater di SMA Negeri 1 Alalak tidak pernah memberikan arahan untuk pendalaman karakter dalam berteater, beliau pernah tepikir untuk mengajak siswa/siswi ekstrakurikuler Teater olah sukma namun ibu Ani tidak jadi melakukannya karena beliau dan pihak sekolah masih ragu-ragu untuk melakukan olah sukma dengan pemahaman bahwa olah sukma bisa membuat siswa/siswi Ekstrakurikuler Tetaer kesurupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1.) Mengetahui proses pelaksanaan pendalaman karakter siswa / siswi ekstrakurikuler Teater di SMA NEGERI 1 Alalak melalui olah sukma, menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini memberikan pengalaman baru terhadap siswa/siswi untuk bisa belajar bersama dan merasakan bagaimana caranya memainkan karakter, karena karakter sangat penting bagi seorang aktor dalam ber teater untuk menciptakan suasana agar para aktor bisa membawakan perannya senyaman dan bisa sebagus mungkin. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Siswa/siswi yang mengikuti ektrakurikuler teater di SMA Negeri 1 Alalak. The problem found in Theater Extracurricular at Alalak 1 Senior High School is that students have difficulty in learning and playing the characters they play. Mrs. Ani Nilawardani, M.Pd as the person responsible for Theater Extracurricular activities at Alalak 1 Senior High School has never given any direction for character deepening in theater, she had thought to invite extracurricular Theater students, though Ibu Ani did not do it because she and the school still hesitant to do sukma with the understanding that if sukma can make students Extracurricular Theater possessed. This study aims to Determine the process of implementing the deepening of the character of students of extracurricular Theater at Alalak 1 Senior High School through processing the sukma, using a qualitative approach method. This research provides new experiences for students to be able to learn together and feel how to play the character. because the character is very important for an actor in performing theater to create an atmosphere so that the acto performs the role as comfortable and can be as good as possible.
FOTOGRAFI UDARA SEBAGAI SARANA PENUNJANG IKON IDENTITAS KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Rudhyni Moch Rizky Satrio
Published: March 2021

Fotografi udara saat ini menjadi senjata pamungkas bagi insan industri kreatif terutama bagi fotografer dalam mengabadikan gambar dengan tujuan tertentu. Sudut pengambilan yang tidak bisa dilihat oleh mata telanjang bisa dihadirkan karena pengambilan gambar dari jarak tinggi tertentu. Ikon identitas kota Surabaya sangat banyak, beberepa ikon kota Surabaya  sangat mudah untuk dilihat jika kita berada pada lokasi yang dimaksud, dengan presentasi visual yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan tehnik pengambilan foto didarat, hasil fotografi udara dapat membantu mendatangkan apresiasi oleh penikmat kota Surabaya dari presentasi visual yang dihadirkan. Presentasi dari hasil fotografi udara memiliki nilai estetik dan keunikan tersendiri yang nantinya dapat menarik lebih banyak pengunjung ke kota Surabaya.Aerial photography is currently the ultimate weapon for creative industry people especially for photographers in perpetuating images with a specific purpose. Capture angles that can not be seen by the naked eye can be presented due to shooting from a certain high distance. The identity icon of the city of Surabaya is very much, some Surabaya city icons are very easy to see if we are in the intended location, with different visual presentations compared to the photo shoot technique on the ground, air photography results can help bring appreciation by the audience of Surabaya city from the visual presentation presented. The presentation of aerial photography has its own aesthetic value and uniqueness that will attract more visitors to the city of Surabaya.