bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity as a protective factor for successful aging
Authors: Jopkiewicz Andrzej , Królicka–Czerniak Monika , Zaręba Anita
Published: July 2020

To divide the types of aging (successful, usual and impaired), as well as factors affecting this process, the protective role of physical activity was discussed in the literature. It was emphasized that physical activity is also a very important protective factor for cognitive aging - mainly executive function and memory. The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, i.e. the regions of the brain responsible for the control and course of cognitive processes, show susceptibility to stimulation, which is movement exercises, which are prevention of degenerative changes within the brain.
Assessment of the geo-environmental effects of activities of auto-mechanic workships at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Muze Nkanu Ernest , Opara Alexander Iheanyichukwu , Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Njoku Okereke Chinwendu
Published: July 2020

Geo-environmental assessment of activities of auto–mechanics at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt, both in the Niger Delta region, Southern Nigeria were carried out with the main objective of determining the extent of soil contamination arising from anthropogenic activities within mechanic villages (MVs). Geochemical analysis of soil samples from the study area revealed that the concentrations of the trace metals ranged from <1 mg/kg for chromium (Cr) to 1,925 mg/kg for the lead (Pb). Soil analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) across the area revealed concentrations ranging from <0.02 to 1.80 mg/Kg and from <1.00 to 38,327 mg/kg respectively. Elevated levels of the heavy metals and TPH were observed at MV in Alaoji Aba when compared to MV in Elekahia Port Harcourt, and the control sites. These could be attributed to contamination due to the presence of these auto-mechanics in the area for over thirty years. The concentration of Pb and Cd recorded in some sample points were above USEPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) permissible limits. Results of PAH analysis showed the presence of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, benzo(a)anthracene, acenaphthene, methylnaphthalene. Risk assessment analysis showed significant geo-accumulation values for Cd and Pb indicating heavy contamination. The monomial risk factor of the heavy metals in the MVs are in the order Cd>Pb>Cr, while potential ecological risk index analysis showed values indicating very high risk, considerable risk and a moderate risk to the area under study as well as the surrounding environment. These results suggest that the soils from the MVs which represent the mechanic workshops at Alaoji Aba and Elekahia Port Harcourt are considered to be of pollution concern due to elevated Pb and Cd levels. Hence, there is a serious need to regularly monitor the activities of auto-mechanics in the study area.
Flourishing: A Cross-Sectional Study on Academic Achievement in the Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Limoee Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyyed Nasrollah , Solaimanizadeh Farzaneh , Mirzaei-Alavijeh Nafiseh , Saadatfar Abdollah , Sadeghpour Samira , Barati Kajal , Jalilian Farzad
Published: July 2020

Background: Flourishing is a psychological construct that refers to the type of living together with permanent happiness in human functions. Individuals with high levels of flourishing are aware of their abilities, keen on progress, and considered beneficial community members. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the flourishing status and its association with academic achievement in the students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 295 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The students were selected via simple random sampling with proportional probability to size. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation-coefficient at the significance of 95%. Results: The mean age of the students was 22.92 ± 2.47 years (range: 18 - 30 years). The mean score of flourishing was 39.93 ± 8.73 (score range: 8 - 56), which indicated that the participants received 71.3% of the maximum score of flourishing. In addition, the score of flourishing was significantly higher in the female students compared to the males (P = 0.046) and had a positive, significant correlation with academic achievement (r = 0.197; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Considering the more favorable status of flourishing in the female students, it is recommended that educational programs be developed and implemented for the promotion of flourishing by focusing on male students.
Veinte microrelatos
Authors: Ferrater Lambarri Carlos , Peñín Llobell Alberto , Obiol Cordon Cecilia
Published: July 2020

La paradoja de la arquitectura es también la multiplicidad de sus razones. Palimpsesto les ha prestado atención a través de sus distintas secciones, como reflejamos en el acto celebrado en la ETSAB el 17 de diciembre de 2019 con motivo de la efeméride del número 20, con Oriol Bohígas y Federico Correa como testigos y protagonistas. Se trata de 20 microrelatos surgidos de un crisol de aportaciones a lo largo de la trayectoria de la revista que fotografían el presente y futuro de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Barcelona, de la mano de Ariadna Perich, Jaume Prat, Elena Fernández, Albert Albareda, Olga Felip, Pau Sarquella, Estel Ortega, Francisco González de Canales, Eva Prats, Jorge Vidal, Carolina García, Ricardo Devesa, Stel.la Rahola, Josep Ferrando, Maria Alejandra Vilanova, Carles Crossas, Anna i Eugeni Bach, Ferran Grau, Mara Partida y Roger Such.

The paradox of architecture is also the multiplicity of its reasons. Palimpsesto has paid attention to them through its different sections, as reflected in the event held at the ETSAB on December 17, 2019 on the occasion of the 20th anniversary, with Oriol Bohígas and Federico Correa as witnesses and protagonists.
Los nuevos lugares de la colectividad: los espacios de consumo y ocio
Authors: Bento Pedro
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo está centrado en el impacto producido por los

centros comerciales urbanos y otros artefactos arquitectónicos de ocio

y consumo en su entorno próximo. Al contrario del discurso corriente

y más mediatizado, se defiende la idea de que algunas veces estos

objetos tienen un impacto tremendamente positivo en la renovación

del espacio urbano contemporáneo, generando nueva edificación,

mejoras en el espacio público y un incremento sustancial de la actividad

económica existente.

This article focuses on the impact produced by urban shopping

centers and other architectural artifacts of leisure and

consumption in its immediate environment. Unlike the current

discourse and the media, the author defends the idea that

sometimes these objects have a tremendously positive impact on

the renewal of contemporary urban space, creating new

buildings, improving public space and a substantial increase of

existing economic activity.
Refer la Barcelona dels barris metropolitans
Authors: Martínez David
Published: July 2020

Des del punt de vista urbanístic la ciutat de Barcelona planteja un conjunt de

reptes futurs que podrien agrupar-se en tres estratègies o línies d’actuació –reciclar,

recosir i reservar- les cuals es projectarien sobre una doble dimensió de

barri i metròpoli. El reciclatge urbà és presenta com una acció imprescindible

quan ens referim a estructures velles com els cascs antics, els eixos històrics o

la millora del parc d’habitatges massiu de l’època del desarrollisme. El recosit

urbà apuntaria un conjunt d’actuacions bolcades sobre el completament de

les xarxes de transport, els espais nodals propis de les infraestructures, o els

àmbits que a escala metropolitana s’han caracteritzat per ser llocs de pas i

necessiten revisar la seva potencialitat per articular millor el territori metropolità.

La reserva d’alguns espais estratègics tindria objectius, com ara posar

en valor els usos productius de les bosses industrials, i el potencial mediambiental

i cultural dels grans buits presents a la ciutat consolidada.

From a planning point of view, Barcelona and its surroundings presents a set of

future challenges that could be grouped into three action strategies - recycling,

sewing and reservation - which are projected onto two dimensions, neighborhood

and metropolis. Recycling is presented as a necessary action when it comes to old

structures such as Old Town, the historic areas and the improvement and update

of mass housing. Repairing would suggest a set of actions focusing on transport

networks, nodal areas and infrastructure, as well as metropolitan scale areas that

have been places traditionally needing review with great potentialities to improve

the articulation of the metropolitan area. Reservation of certain strategic areas

has the objective to highlight the productive reuse of old industrial areas, and also

revalue cultural and environmental potential of large voids in the consolidated

city
Preservar lo intangible: el caso de los polígonos de Casas Baratas de Barcelona
Authors: Noguer Pujadas Núria , Sotoca García Adolfo
Published: July 2020

La actual transformación del barrio de las casas baratas del Bon Pastor constituye

uno más de los múltiples procesos de renovación urbana que han suscitado

un polémico debate en la ciudad de Barcelona. La dialéctica entre

mejora urbana y preservación del patrimonio (físico, histórico y social) se

encuentra en el fondo del debate. Los argumentos a favor de la protección del

patrimonio físico se han basado frecuentemente en la singularidad arquitectónica

o en el valor tipológico de tejidos. En los polígonos de Casas Baratas

en Barcelona, la preservación no puede defenderse desde la atención a los

objetos arquitectónicos singulares. Los barrios de Casas Baratas constituyen,

sin embargo, conjuntos de gran valor desde el punto de vista tipológico: su

morfología urbana, además de ser testimonio vivo de un momento histórico,

ha propiciado usos sociales del espacio público muy particulares. Este escrito

argumenta a favor de su valorización morfológica. Y lo hace describiendo su

encaje en los tres procesos de transformación ya culminados, con el objetivo

de obtener criterios para intervenciones futuras en las que actualización y

preservación no sean necesariamente excluyentes.

The ongoing urban renewal of “Casas Baratas” of Bon Pastor is one of the several

processes of transformation that have raised a controversial debate in the city

of Barcelona. The dialectic between urban renewal and heritage preservations

(physical, historical and social) is in the very core of the debate. The reasons to preserve the physical heritage have been often based on the architectural uniqueness

or the typological value of urban fabric. In the “Casas Baratas” states of Barcelona, preservation cannot be defended for having singular architecture; however,

from a typological point of view, they constitute very interesting urban fragments.

Besides their great value as living heritage of a certain historic period of social

housing in Barcelona, their particular morphology stimulated specific social uses

of public space. This paper states their morphological value. And, by analysing the

completed urban renewal processes, we aim to infer criteria for future interventions where renewal and preservation won’t be necessarily incompatible
La reconquista urbana del espacio de proximidad: los patios interiores en el Eixample de Barcelona
Authors: Pazos Ortega Teresa
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se exponen algunas conclusiones del estudio de la funcionalidad

de los patios interiores públicos del Eixample de Barcelona, nueva tipología de espacio

libre. Se llevó a cabo la observación directa del uso de ciertos patios concretos

que sirvieron como modelo para comparar la variedad de comportamientos

según los distintos tipos seleccionados, funcionalidad del espacio, intensidad de

uso, actividades desarrolladas, relación entre sí y con otros elementos urbanos y

tipo de usuarios. La información se complementó con encuestas de opinión sobre

hábitos de uso y preferencias. Los resultados aportan información útil a la hora de

crear nuevos espacios y mantener, con actividad, los que ya existen. Confirman

la funcionalidad de los patios y su gran utilidad dentro de la trama urbana. El

esfuerzo llevado a cabo por el ayuntamiento tanto económico como en gestión

merece la pena y debe seguir haciéndose: los beneficios son mayores a las cargas.

This paper applies an approach to the use and adaptability of the courtyards or interior open spaces (IOS) of Barcelona’s Eixample city blocks. A number of city block

IOS were selected as models to asses, via direct observation, their functionality within

the general system of open spaces. The objective was to evaluate the functionality of the

spaces, intensity of use, developed activities, relationship with other IOS and external urban elements, as well as users’ profiles and behaviours. Direct observation was

completed with qualitative surveys to find out attitudes, purposes and preferences of

regular users. The results provide useful information for the design of new IOS and

the maintenance of current ones. They also confirm that the efforts made by the City

Council both economically and management are worthwhile and should continue to

be made: the benefits outweigh the burdens
Centros Integralmente Planeados (CIPS) en México: el proyecto turístico del FONATUR
Authors: Dávila López Arturo
Published: July 2020

México es actualmente, uno de los pocos países del mundo que proyecta el turismo desde el Estado. Para cumplir esta función creó el Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo (FONATUR), que planificó y desarrolló (entre 1974 y

1984) cinco enclaves turísticos de costa a lo largo del país, apostando por el turismo de sol y playa como reactivador económico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis e interpretación de sus cinco proyectos iniciales desde su morfología y estructura, preguntándose, además, por su relación con el soporte físico-natural.

Las conclusiones apuntan a que los proyectos se conforman por piezas claramente identificables y repetitivas, y que se adaptan a las características de cada entorno.

México is currently one of the few countries in the world that develops tourism projects

from the State itself. To carry out this function was created in 1974 the National

Trust Fund for Tourism Development (FONATUR), who planned and developed

(between 1974 and 1984) five tourist coastal sites along the country, betting on sun

and beach tourism as economic activator. The present work focuses in the analysis and

interpretation of its five initial projects, delving into its gestation and, in particular,

in its morphology and structure; and wondering, in addition, about its relationship

with the physical and natural support. The conclusions points out that the projects

are made of clearly identifiable and reproducible packets that are adapted to the

characteristics of each environment.
Estaciones termales europees: entre la ciudad y el territorio
Authors: Batalla Farré Mònica
Published: July 2020

La singularidad del territorio termal con ere a las estaciones termales unas cualidades especiales y las convierte en enclaves atractivos a lo largo de la historia. Algunos balnearios europeos fueron grandes atractores turísticos durante el siglo XIX. En consecuencia, importantes desarrollos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos se llevaron a cabo en ellos. Determinadas piezas especí cas de estas ciudades balneario, a menudo ubicadas en el límite entre la ciudad y el territorio, fueron claves para dichos desarrollos y dan las pautas para entender la estructura urbana de aquellas ciudades y la relación con su territorio y paisaje.

The uniqueness of the thermal territory gives to the thermal towns special qualities

and turns them into attractive enclaves throughout history. Some European spa

towns were strong tourism attractors during the 19th century. Accordingly, great

architectural and urban developments were implemented on them. Some pieces of

these spa towns, often located at the boundary between the city and the territory,

are key to these developments and give guidelines for understanding the urban

structure of these cities and the relationship with its territory and landscape.
Costa Brava, los retos urbanísticos del turismo de masas: la huella de la ciudad jardín y algunos principios racionalistas en el tejido turístico de masas
Authors: Ramos Caravaca Carolina
Published: July 2020

El turismo de masas se plantea como un reto nuevo para el urbanismo a mitad de siglo XX. La Costa Brava se acoge al modelo de ciudad jardín utilizado por el turismo de élite y se introducen aportaciones racionalistas. La costa sirve como territorio de experimentación donde con uyen dos modelos de ciudad opuestos, la ciudad jardín y la edi cación abierta.

Pese al desorden de los primeros ensayos, se adoptan parámetros especí cos en los nuevos tejidos, y la relación de los edi cios con el entorno marca una clara diferencia con la ciudad anterior.

En los años 80 se replantea la costa solventando las de ciencias que se habían generado, pero sin tener en cuenta las especi cidades de la ciudad turística. En la actualidad se mantiene este mismo planteamiento sin ninguna evolución, y sin poner aún de relieve la identidad de los tejidos y arquitecturas turísticas desarro- lladas durante la etapa pionera.

El turismo de masas se plantea como un reto nuevo para el urbanismo a mitad

de siglo XX. La Costa Brava se acoge al modelo de ciudad jardín utilizado por el

turismo de élite y se introducen aportaciones racionalistas. La costa sirve como

territorio de experimentación donde confluyen dos modelos de ciudad opuestos,

la ciudad jardín y la edificación abierta.

Pese al desorden de los primeros ensayos, se adoptan parámetros específicos en

los nuevos tejidos, y la relación de los edificios con el entorno marca una clara

diferencia con la ciudad anterior.

En los años 80 se replantea la costa solventando las deficiencias que se habían

generado, pero sin tener en cuenta las especificidades de la ciudad turística. En la

actualidad se mantiene este mismo planteamiento sin ninguna evolución, y sin

poner aún de relieve la identidad de los tejidos y arquitecturas turísticas desarrolladas durante la etapa pionera.
La costruzione dello spazio turistico nella Costa Smeralda: neorealismo o banalizzazione dell’architettura vernacolare?
Authors: Cappai Alessandra
Published: July 2020

La Costa Smeralda nasce nei primi anni ‘60 nelle coste nordorientali della Sardegna, in un momento di grandi cambiamenti per il turismo. Mentre nel resto d’Europa il boom turistico del secondo dopoguerra signi cava la democratizzazione delle vacanze e la di usione del turismo di massa, la Costa Smeralda nasce in antitesi alle altre destinazioni turistiche di massa sorte nelle coste spagnole, italiane e francesi dello stesso periodo. La condizione insulare e la natura incontaminata diventano simbolo dell’esclusività, che attraggono in Costa Smeralda clienti d’elite alla ricerca di un enclave paradisiaco di lusso nel centro del Mediterraneo. La rinterpretazione dell’architettura vernacolare e l’immanenza del paesaggio naturale saranno gli strumenti utilizzati per la costruzione dello spazio turistico.

Costa Smeralda was founded in the early 1960s in the north-eastern coast of

Sardinia, at a time of great change for tourism. While for the rest of Europe the

tourism boom after World War II meant the democratization of the holidays and

the spread of mass tourism, Costa Smeralda was founded in opposition to the other

mass tourism destinations fate in the Spanish, Italian and French coasts of the same

period. The insular condition and the pristine nature of Costa Smeralda became a

symbol of exclusivity, which attracted elite clients looking for a heavenly enclave of

luxury tourism in the heart of the Mediterranean. The reinterpretation of vernacular

architecture and the immanence of the natural landscape would have been the tools

used for the construction of space tourism.
Investigar sobre la arquitectura del turismo: cuatro notas para no perderse
Authors: Pié Ninot Ricard
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se establece cuáles son los posibles temas de investigación de la arquitectura del turismo. Para ello se elabora un mapa con cuatro áreas de estudio: los paisajes, las arquitecturas, los valores culturales y simbólicos y los procesos y estrategias. Con ello se pretende orientar a los investigadores que quieran estudiar el papel y la responsabilidad de la arquitectura en la con guración del espacio turístico.

This article discusses possible research topics of tourism architecture. Therefore it draws a map with four study areas: landscape, architecture, cultural and symbolic values and processes and strategies. Through it we intend to

guide researchers willing to study the architecture role and responsibility in shaping the tourist space.
Revisitando Port Leucate-Barcarès
Authors: Marez López Izol Emilia
Published: July 2020

Este artículo revisa los materiales originales del proyecto Port Leucate-Barcarès, en Languedoc-Roussillon, concebido por Georges Candilis; magní co ejemplo de las acciones del gobierno francés durante los años sesenta para desarrollar el turismo de masas en el litoral mediterráneo. Este estudio se basa en textos e imágenes inéditas del archivo personal y profesional de Georges Candilis.

Mediante un análisis crítico, se pretende conocer los valores, relaciones y aportaciones del Movimiento Moderno a la arquitectura y al urbanismo del turismo de masas, así como conocer las repercusiones e in uencias de este proyecto en la concepción del espacio turístico internacional.

This article reviews the original materials of the Port Leucate-Barcarès project, in

Languedoc-Roussillon, conceived by Georges Candilis; a magnificent example of

the French government’s actions during the sixties to develop mass tourism on the

Mediterranean coast. This study relies on unpublished texts and images from Georges

Candilis personal and professional files.

Through critical analysis, we expect to know the values, relationships and contributions

of the Modern Movement in architecture and urbanism of mass tourism, as well as the

repercussions and influences of this project on the conception of international tourist

space
La vida breve de la ciudad de veraneo; análisis de planes para un turismo residencial: Costa Blanca 1959-1973
Authors: Bru Pepe
Published: July 2020

La recuperación económica tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, produce en Europa Occidental la aparición de una nueva demanda social, el turismo masivo. Para satisfacerla, España comienza la construcción intensiva del territorio litoral, que en una primera etapa conlleva la experimentación de tipologías residenciales y tejidos urbanos capaces de satisfacer las necesidades de un usuario desconocido: el veraneante masivo.

Este artículo analiza alguno de los principales proyectos de urbanismo para el ocio que se producen en el periodo del “boom” turístico en la costa alicantina y occidental murciana; un territorio al que el turismo dotará de una nueva estructura.

The economic recovery following WWII, produced in Western Europe a new social

demand: massive tourism. To meet this new demand, Spain began the intensive

construction of its coast line. The first stage of this transformation resulted in a period

of experimentation on new residential typologies and urban plans able to satisfy the

needs of an unknown new user: the massive holidaymaker.

This article analyses some of the main urban plans for leisure built during the

Spanish tourism boom in Alicante’s and western Murcia’s coast; a territory completely

restructured by tourism
¿La participación ciudadana se ha integrado al proceso de planificación turística en Cancún, México?
Authors: Aldape Pérez Guadalupe
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presentará el marco conceptual de la planificación turística en México que encuentra su origen en los preceptos de la disciplina de la planificación urbana y regional británica y la planificación turística de la OMT –Organización Mundial del Turismo-. En un lapso de cuarenta años, el proceso ha pasado de ser

controlado por las organizaciones gubernamentales a permitir la participación ciudadana. Este estudio se enfocará en el plan parcial de Punta Cancún, que es el nodo comercial más importante de la zona turística de Cancún.

A lo largo de este escrito se resaltarán temas y cuestiones relacionadas con la metodología original y las posibles contradicciones entre rigidez y rigor dentro del ejercicio de planificación urbana de la zona comercial más importante en el primer centro turístico planificado en México. Actualmente la metodología ha permitido la flexibilidad en el sistema mediante la introducción de distintos actores a la escena de la planificación urbana. No obstante, surgen dudas del punto hasta el cual se ejerce control y cuál es la mejor forma de permitir la participación ciudadana e introducir flexibilidad en el proceso de planificación urbana y turística sin poner en riesgo el interés público.

This article will present the conceptual framework of tourism planning on the Mexican coastline that has been based on the principles of the city and regional planning system in the UK. In a forty-year lifespan, this process has evolved from being controlled by Central Government to allowing public participation. This study will focus on the Punta Cancun Plan, which is the main commercial node in the touristic zone of Cancun.

This article will highlight issues related to the original methodology and possible contradictions between rigidity and rigour in the urban planning method for the most important commercial zone in Cancun. Nowadays the methodology has allowed the introduction of diverse actors to the city planning scene. Though questions have been raised about the extent to which public participation could be introduced and controlled in the planning process and what it is the best practice to introduce flexibility without risking the public interest in urban and tourist planning.
LlactaLAB: espacio académico para pensar la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia de las ciudades del Ecuador y América Latina
Authors: Hermida M. Augusta , Orellana Daniel
Published: July 2020

La ciudad es un sistema complejo con patrones y propiedades emergentes que surgen de las interacciones entre las personas y el entorno que habitan. Por su parte, la sostenibilidad es un paradigma en construcción que debe ser contextualizado a las realidades locales y, específicamente, la sostenibilidad de ciudad, es un proceso metabólico de materia, energía, conocimiento, relaciones sociales y culturales, cuyo resultado mejora la calidad de vida de todos sus habitantes sin disminuir las capacidades funcionales del sistema y sin dejar a nadie fuera.Con estos antecedentes, el Grupo de Investigación en Ciudades Sustentables (LlactaLAB) de la Universidad de Cuenca (Ecuador), propuso realizar investigación interdisciplinar que responda preguntas relacionadas con la ciudad compleja con la intención de contribuir en la construcción de política pública y posicionar la investigación del Ecuador en un contexto académico internacional. Para el grupo, son particularmente importantes el estudio del espacio construido, la forma urbana, la vida urbana y los sistemas urbanos.

The city is a complex system with emerging patterns and properties that arise from the interactions between people and the environment they inhabit; on the other hand, sustainability is a paradigm in construction that must be contextualized to local realities; and, specifically, city sustainability, is a metabolic process of matter, energy, knowledge, social and cultural relations, whose result improves the quality of life of all its inhabitants without diminishing the functional capa-bilities of the system and without leaving anyone behind. With this background, the Research Group in Sustainable Cities (LlactaLAB) of the University of Cuenca (Ecuador), proposed interdisciplinary research that answers questions related to the complex city with the intention to contribute to the construction of public policy and to position Ecuadorian research in an international academic context. For the group, the study of built space, urban form, urban life and urban systems are particularly important.
Incoherent but Reasonable
Authors: Schaefer Alexander , Siscoe Robert Weston ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: July 2020

A strength of liberal political institutions is their ability to accommodate pluralism, both allowing divergent comprehensive doctrines as well as constructing the common ground necessary for diverse people to live together. A pressing question is how far such pluralism extends. Which comprehensive doctrines are simply beyond the pale and need not be accommodated by a political consensus? Rawls attempted to keep the boundaries of reasonable disagreement quite broad by infamously denying that political liberalism need make reference to the concept of truth, a claim that has been criticized by Joseph Raz, Joshua Cohen, and David Estlund. In this paper, we argue that these criticisms fail due to the fact that political liberalism can remain non-committal on the nature of truth, leaving the concept of truth in the domain of comprehensive doctrines while still avoiding the issues raised by Raz, Cohen, and Estlund. Further substantiating this point is the fact that Rawls would, and should, include parties in the overlapping consensus whose views on truth may be incoherent. Once it is seen that political liberalism allows such incoherence to reasonable parties, it is clear that the inclusion of truth and the requirement of coherence urged by Raz, Cohen, and Estlund requires more of reasonable people than is necessary for a political consensus.
Sobre las garantías parlamentarias
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Yolanda
Published: July 2020

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El principio político formal de identidad en el ordenamiento español
Authors: Oliet Pala Alberto
Published: July 2020

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Las segundas elecciones autonómicas vascas
Authors: Llera Ramo Francisco José
Published: July 2020

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El control de las disposiciones normativas gubernamentales con rango de ley
Authors: Sánchez González Santiago
Published: July 2020

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El Tribunal Constitucional y la función legislativa : el control del procedimiento legislativo y de la inconstitucionalidad por omisión
Authors: Aguiar de Luque Luis
Published: July 2020

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Memoria de la II Legislatura en el Senado
Authors: García-Atance María Victora
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico del periodo autárquico español (1936-1951)
Authors: Velasco Murviedro Carlos
Published: July 2020

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Bibliografía sobre Elecciones
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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La renovación del lenguaje jurisdiccional en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Salas Javier
Published: July 2020

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La V República francesa: otra experiencia jurídico-constitucional (marzo 1986 / mayo 1988)
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Campoamor Alfonso
Published: July 2020

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El pretendido individualismo posesivo de las teorías de Hobbes y de Locke
Authors: Sánchez González Santiago
Published: July 2020

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Una cuestión de inconstitucionalidad (sobre las tasas municipales por aprovechamientos especiales en la vía pública)
Authors: Toro Coll Manuel
Published: July 2020

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La ley singular y el problema del control de su soporte causal
Authors: Porras Nadales Antonio J.
Published: July 2020

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El derecho de petición.
Authors: García Cuadrado Antonio M.
Published: July 2020

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Crónica parlamentaria del Senado.
Authors: García-Atance María Victora
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre "la costumbre en derecho constitucional".
Authors: González-Trevijano Sánchez Pedro José
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre los regímenes políticos de los Estados caribeños (I) (Haití, República Dominicana y Cuba).
Authors: Cayetano Núñez-Rivero José María , Martínez Segarra Rosa Mª
Published: July 2020

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Altruistic (costly) punishment as motivation for vindictive rape
Authors: Hanson R. Karl
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a model of vindictive rape based on common mechanisms for maintaining cooperation among humans, namely altruistic (or costly) punishment, sex role expectations, and retributive (“eye for an eye”) justice. Vindictive rapes are characterized by high level of victim harm without explicit sadistic sexual interests. They are also distinguished from angry, reactive sexual aggression in response to personal insult or threats. In this model, vindictive rape is considered a form of retributive justice in which the perpetrator punishes the female victim for perceived transgressions against sexual norms. None of the specific psychological mechanisms are intrinsically problematic. Nevertheless, individuals who have committed vindictive rapes would still be expected to have risk-relevant schema worthy of interventions. For such individuals, the primary treatment targets would be loosening rigid sexual norm expectations for women, increasing confidence in conventional methods of maintaining social order, and decreasing willingness to hurt others at the cost of hurting oneself. A 15-item Vindictive Rape Attitude Questionnaire is presented in order to facilitate further research on the topic.
Factor structure of the J-SOAP-II among Black and White male youth: A confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Thorne John R. , Fix Rebecca L.
Published: July 2020

The Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) is a tool used to aid clinicians in assessing the sexual and criminal reoffense risk of male youths who have committed a sex offense. Despite its popularity, the factor structure has not been thoroughly assessed. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure of the four subscales of the J-SOAP-II in a group of youths aged 12-18 who were confined for sexual offenses (N = 909), and whether the fit is affected by youth race. The results showed a poor fit to the data. An ad-hoc goal was added, to propose a new factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on one half of the data, and CFA on the second half of the data. The EFA identified three-factors: Sexual Offending and Victimization History, Risk for General Delinquency, and Antisocial Beliefs and Attitudes. This three-factor model, provided an improved, but not good, fit, indicating that further modifications to the J-SOAP-II are required to meaningfully capture risk-relevant latent constructs.
Formation of metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite by alkali-activation of kaolinite
Authors: AlShamaileh Ehab , Esaifan Muayad , Abu-Afifeh Qusay
Published: July 2020

The formation of metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite by alkali-activation of kaolinite is studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Different metal oxides (CoO, MgO, FeO and SiO2) were used to form the metal oxide-based hydroxysodalite. The transformation from kaolinite into hydroxysodalite is confirmed by XRD. In the thermodynamic study, the maximum peak temperatures for DSC curves at various heating rates were used to determine the activation energy (Ea) of the hydroxysodalite formation. With magnesium oxide and cobalt oxide, the formation process was found to be exothermic while it was endothermic with iron oxide.
Lithuanian Royal jelly: quality assessment, biological activity and quantitative determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in various solvents
Authors: Perminaitė Kristina , Marksa Mindaugas , Ivanauskas Liudas , Inkėnienė Asta Marija , Grigonis Aidas , Ramanauskienė Kristina
Published: July 2020

Royal jelly is a bee product with a high commercial interest due to its exceptional biological properties and unique composition. In this study, we evaluated the quality of Lithuanian Royal jelly, including the water content, antioxidant activity, amount of polyphenolic compounds and pH. The results indicated that Lithuanian Royal jelly had the values of pH, water content as well as polyphenols that were comparable to the data already published. In the study, we also evaluated the impact of various solvents on the amount of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), the main fatty acid, naturally occurring only in Royal jelly and which is the quality marker, in solutions obtaining the amount using the HPLC method. According to solubility tests performed, 10-HDA from Royal jelly is best soluble in ethanol of various concentrations, yet in order to be used for exceptional Royal jelly antibacterial and many other biological properties it was important to increase the solubility in aqueous solutions. Addition of β-cyclodextrin has increased the amount of 10-HDA in solution up to the level of ethanol solutions. The antioxidant and antibacterial tests have demonstrated that Lithuanian Royal jelly exhibits positive effects against free radicals, as well as mostly occurring bacterial strains, such as Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. As the conclusion of this study, we can assume that the quality assessment methods chosen for this study, are significant for standardizing the procedures for further studies.
QSARs in prooxidant mammalian cell cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic compounds: the roles of compound lipophilicity and cytochrome P-450- and DT-diaphorase-catalyzed reactions
Authors: Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė Aušra , Šarlauskas Jonas , Jonušienė Violeta , Misevičienė Lina , Marozienė Audronė , Yantsevich Aliaksei V. , Čėnas Narimantas
Published: July 2020

Frequently, the aerobic mammalian cell cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic compounds (ArNO2) increases with their single-electron reduction potential (E17), thus reflecting the relationship between their enzymatic single-electron reduction rate and E17. This shows that the main factor of ArNO2 cytotoxicity is redox cycling and oxidative stress. In this work, we found that the reactivity of a series of nitrobenzenes, nitrofurans and nitrothiophenes towards single-electron transferring NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase and adrenodoxin reductase/adrenodoxin increases with their E17. However, their cytotoxicity in mouse hepatoma MH22a and human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells exhibited a poorly expressed dependence on E17. The correlations were significantly improved after the introduction of compound octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH 7.0 (log D) as a second variable. This shows that the lipophilicity of ArNO2 enhances their cytotoxicity. The inhibitors of cytochromes P-450, α-naphthoflavone, isoniazid and miconazole, and an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase, dicoumarol, in most cases decreased the cytotoxicity of several randomly chosen compounds. This shows that the observed cytotoxicity vs E17 relationships in fact reflect the superposition of several cytotoxicity mechanisms.
Let Us Not Leave Our Homeland: Anti-Emigration Activities of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
Authors: Dapkutė Daiva
Published: July 2020

Mass emigration of Lithuanians at the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century became not only a considerable loss to Lithuania but also a serious concern for the leaders of the national rebirth movement (e.g., Jonas Šliūpas, Vincas Kudirka, Jonas Basanavičius, Antanas Smetona, and others), who frequently expressed their negative attitude towards emigration. An active anti-emigration campaign took place in Lithuania, and the press urged Lithuanians to stay in their homeland and not to go to the USA, while those who had already emigrated were implored to return to Lithuania. One of the most significant representatives of the anti-emigration policy was Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, a writer and one of the founders of the Lithuanian Christian-Democratic Union. In 1911, he and priest Konstantinas Olšauskas visited the USA where they collected donations for the construction of the “Saulė” Catholic gymnasium in Kaunas. After visiting most of the Lithuanian colonies, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas was well acquainted with the difficult situation of the immigrants and urged them not to forget Lithuania and return home. Upon return to Lithuania, he gave approximately thirty anti-emigration speeches in various cities and towns, in which he spoke about the difficult life of the immigrants and urged people not to leave for America. In 1912, he published the book Ten gera kur mūsų nėra arba neapleiskime Lietuvos (The Grass Is Greener on the Other Side or Let Us Not Leave Our Homeland) in which he attempted to prove that immigrants did not become spiritually richer in exile, while emigration impoverished Lithuania.
Migration and security in Northeast Asia: political and economic aspects
Authors: Gamerman Evgenii Vyacheslavovich
Published: July 2020

The subject of this research is the migration processes with regards to national, regional and international security. The author examines threats to security of the Far East related to external and domestic migration; as well as similar processes in the countries of Northeast Region and their impact upon the state of regional security overall. The goal of this work is to analyze this phenomenon in Northeast Asia, and the influence of migration processes upon regional security. The link between migration and security is bilateral. On one side is security of the countries and societies directly affected by migration; while on the other – security of actual people who comprise the migration flows. The research employs the comparative and historical approaches, which allow analyzing the peculiarities of formation of the “agenda” of regional security in the Northeast Asia, including the questions of migration, as well as trace the transformation of national approaches towards ensuring regional security along with the threats themselves in the sphere of migration. The Russian political science does not currently contain works that view the problems of migration in Northeast Asia in the context of regional and international security (despite the fact, that there is multiple research on migration overall). Migration is a not a potential challenge, it is a real threat to security. None of the countries in the region was able to avoid the influence of at least separate aspects of migration processes.
Addressing the problems of security of the Arctic Region from the perspective of regime theory in English-language scientific literature
Authors: Kovalev Andrei Andreevich
Published: July 2020

The goal of this article consists in studying the key concepts of regime theory that exist in the modern English-language literature and relate to the problem of integral security of the Arctic Region. This goal is achieved through analysis and classification of basic theories and hypothesis of the English-language authors. The ongoing confrontation of civilizations mainstreams examination of the fundamental Western concepts pertinent to the problems of international security, including from the perspective of regime theory. An important and relevant objective for the Russian leaders would be to understand the essence of political reasoning of the opponents, since the Western politicians are serious about the theoretical conclusions and practical advice of social scientists. The research considers the variety of existing hypothesis and approaches (based on the power, interests, etc.) towards solution of a range of crucial issues associated with different aspects of using the regime theory applicable to the Arctic Region. The variety of research concepts is fairly wide, but unlike the mass media, scholars usually pursue peaceful and diplomatic solution of the existing and emerging problems. The majority of Western research confidently state that the Arctic Region will remain peaceful in the future. In the examined works, the author clearly traces an appeal to a common political sense, rather than emotions, which to a large extent is achieved due the regime theory.
American Trip
Authors: Hartogsohn Ido
Published: July 2020

How historical, social, and cultural forces shaped the psychedelic experience in midcentury America, from CIA LSD experiments the Harvard Psilocybin Project.

Are psychedelics invaluable therapeutic medicines, or dangerously unpredictable drugs that precipitate psychosis? Tools for spiritual communion or cognitive enhancers that spark innovation? Activators for one's private muse or part of a political movement? In the 1950s and 1960s, researchers studied psychedelics in all these incarnations, often arriving at contradictory results. In American Trip, Ido Hartogsohn examines how the psychedelic experience in midcentury America was shaped by historical, social, and cultural forces—by set (the mindset of the user) and setting (the environments in which the experience takes place). He explores uses of psychedelics that range from CIA and military experimentation to psychedelic-inspired styles in music, fashion, design, architecture, and film. Along the way, he introduces us to a memorable cast of characters including Betty Eisner, a psychologist who drew on her own experience to argue for the therapeutic potential of LSD, and Timothy Leary, who founded the Harvard Psilocybin Project and went on to become psychedelics' most famous advocate.

Hartogsohn chronicles these developments in the context of the era's cultural trends, including the cold war, the counterculture, the anti-psychiatric movement, and the rise of cybernetics. Drawing on insights from the study of science, technology, and society, he develops the idea of LSD as a suggestible technology, the properties of which are shaped by suggestion. He proposes the concept of collective set and setting, arguing that the historical and sociocultural context of midcentury America offered a particular set and setting—creating the conditions for what he calls the American trip.
States of Childhood
Authors: Light Jennifer S.
Published: July 2020

A number of curious communities sprang up across the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: simulated cities, states, and nations in which children played the roles of legislators, police officers, bankers, journalists, shopkeepers, and other adults. They performed real work—passing laws, growing food, and constructing buildings, among other tasks—inside virtual worlds. In this book, Jennifer Light examines the phenomena of “junior republics” and argues that they marked the transition to a new kind of “sheltered” childhood for American youth. Banished from the labor force and public life, children inhabited worlds that mirrored the one they had left.

Light describes the invention of junior republics as independent institutions and how they were later established at schools, on playgrounds, in housing projects, and on city streets, as public officials discovered children's role playing helped their bottom line. The junior republic movement aligned with cutting-edge developmental psychology and educational philosophy, and complemented the era's fascination with models and miniatures, shaping educational and recreational programs across the nation. Light's account of how earlier generations distinguished "real life" from role playing reveals a hidden history of child labor in America and offers insights into the deep roots of such contemporary concepts as gamification, play labor, and virtuality.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.