bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Polyclonal Plasmodium falciparum Infections and Association with Poor IgG Antibody Responses in a Hyper-Endemic Area in Cameroon
Authors: Biabi Marie Florence A Bite , Fogang Balotin , Essangui Estelle , Maloba Franklin , Donkeu Christiane , Keumoe Rodrigue , Cheteug Glwadys , Magoudjou Nina , Slam Celine , Kemleu Sylvie , Efange Noella , Perraut Ronald , Nsango Sandrine Eveline , Eboumbou Moukoko Carole Else , Assam Jean Paul Assam , Etoa François-Xavier , Lamb Tracey , Ayong Lawrence
Published: July 2023

Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide, with eradication efforts thwarted by drug and insecticide resistance and the lack of a broadly effective malaria vaccine. In continuously exposed communities, polyclonal infections are thought to reduce the risk of severe disease and promote the establishment of asymptomatic infections. We sought to investigate the relationship between the complexity of P. falciparum infection and underlying host adaptive immune responses in an area with a high prevalence of asymptomatic parasitaemia in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study of 353 individuals aged 2 to 86 years (median age = 16 years) was conducted in five villages in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Plasmodium falciparum infection was detected by multiplex nested PCR in 316 samples, of which 278 were successfully genotyped. Of these, 60.1% (167/278) were polyclonal infections, the majority (80.2%) of which were from asymptomatic carriers. Host-parasite factors associated with polyclonal infection in the study population included peripheral blood parasite density, participant age and village of residence. The number of parasite clones per infected sample increased significantly with parasite density (r = 0.3912, p < 0.0001) but decreased with participant age (r = −0.4860, p < 0.0001). Parasitaemia and the number of clones per sample correlated negatively with total plasma levels of IgG antibodies to three highly reactive P. falciparum antigens (MSP-1p19, MSP-3 and EBA175) and two soluble antigen extracts (merozoite and mixed stage antigens). Surprisingly, we observed no association between the frequency of polyclonal infection and susceptibility to clinical disease as assessed by the recent occurrence of malarial symptoms or duration since the previous fever episode. Overall, the data indicate that in areas with the high perennial transmission of P. falciparum, parasite polyclonality is dependent on underlying host antibody responses, with the majority of polyclonal infections occurring in persons with low levels of protective anti-plasmodial antibodies.
Conjunction Ground Triangulation of Auroras and Magnetospheric Processes Observed by the Van Allen Probe Satellite near 6 Re
Authors: Kozelov Boris V. , Titova Elena E.
Published: July 2023

Conjunction observations of auroras with electron distributions and broadband electrostatic fluctuations on Van Allen Probe A satellite in the equatorial region are considered. Using triangulation measurements, the energy spectra of the precipitating electrons in the rayed auroral structures were determined for the 17 March 2015 event. A comparison of the spectra of precipitating electrons in the auroral rays with satellite measurements of electrons in the equatorial region related to the aurora showed their agreement. The concomitance between Van Allen Probe A broadband electric waves and auroral variations measured by the ground-based auroral camera was observed on 17 March 2015. This suggests that broadband electrostatic waves may be responsible for electron precipitation, leading to the formation of rayed structures in the aurora.
Jovian Periodicities (~10 h, ~40, 20, 15 min) at ACE, Upstream from the Earth’s Bow Shock, on 25–27 November 2003
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Georgios C. , Marhavilas Panagiotis K. , Vassiliadis Efthymios , Sarris Emmanuel T.
Published: July 2023

It is known that Jovian radio and high energy electron emissions are observed near Earth. The question we address in this study is whether the quasi-periodic ~10 h and ~40/15–20 min (QP-10 h, QP-40/15–20 min) energetic particle and magnetic field periodicities observed by Ulysses during its distant encounter with Jupiter in 2003 were also detectable as far as the Earth’s orbit. Surprisingly, we found that at the end of the extreme 2003 Halloween events, during times of a highly disturbed Jovian magnetosphere, as inferred from strong bKOM radio emissions observed by Ulysses, and a magnetic connection of Earth with the Jovian magnetosphere, as suggested by simulation results of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the ACE satellite observed, between at least 25–27 November 2013 at the Lagrangian Point L1 (LPL1), all the characteristic Jovian periodicities. In particular, by using high-time resolution data (1/5 min), we found, for the first time, quasi-permanent electron, and magnetic field QP-10/5 h, QP-40 min and QP-15/20 data variations at LPL1 for at least three days. These observations reasonably suggest that low energy (~50–~300 keV) Jovian electrons reached the Earth’s environment; the observations examined extend the lowest energy limit of the Jovian electron spectrum from 200 keV to ~50 keV. In addition, the ACE satellite observed an impressive series of QP-10/5 h energetic (≤0.05 MeV) ion bursts (EIBs) with strong cross-field intensity gradients at the onset/decay phase of the events and energy-dependent field aligned anisotropy suggesting ion streaming in the anti-sunward direction during their main phase. A comparison of simultaneously obtained measurements by ACE at the LPL1 and by Geotail upstream from the bow shock and in the magnetosphere suggests that the QP-10/5 h EIBs are inconsistent with the concept of a terrestrial origin. On the contrary, the observations indicate that the series of QP-10/5 h EIBs on 25–27 November 2003 was a spatial effect caused by the ~10/5 h quasi-periodic approach of a large-scale sheet to the Earth’s environment. The source of the ion population forming the QP-10/5 h sharp EIBs seems most probably Jovian ions accumulated in the interplanetary space, although a solar ion contribution is possible. Based on the above results, it is reasonable to suggest that the observed QP-10 h, QP-40 min and QP-15/20 periodicities are due to Jovian influence. Further research is needed to study the cause of the QP-10/5 h EIBs. This study presents new data which extend our view on the influence of the QP-10 h/QP-40/QP-15/20 min Jovian emissions from the outer to the inner heliosphere at 1 AU.
Lavandula austroapennina: Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Lipophilic Extracts from Its Organs
Authors: Chianese Annalisa , Gravina Claudia , Morone Maria Vittoria , Ambrosino Annalisa , Formato Marialuisa , Palma Francesca , Foglia Francesco , Nastri Bianca Maria , Zannella Carla , Esposito Assunta , De Filippis Anna , Piccolella Simona , Galdiero Massimiliano , Pacifico Severina
Published: July 2023

In a framework aimed at the recovery and enhancement of medicinal plants endemic to the territory of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal., Tundis and Upson has aroused interest. An insight into the chemical composition of the corolla, calyx, leaf, stem, and root organs was carried out following ultrasound-assisted maceration in n-hexane. The obtained lipophilic extracts were explored using ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS). The extracts from the different organs varied in their relative content of fatty acids, ursanes, and oleanane-type triterpenes. In particular, the oleanolic acid content appeared to increase in the order of corolla < leaf < stem. An MTT assay was performed to verify the possible cytotoxicity of the organ extracts of L. austroapennina at a concentration ranging from 12.5 to 400 µg/mL on the Vero CCL-81 cell line. Antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), alpha human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) was evaluated via a plaque reduction assay in the same cellular model. All the extracts did not show cytotoxic effects after 2 and 24 h exposure times, and the antiviral efficacy was particularly important for the stem extract, capable of completely inhibiting the tested viruses at low doses. The antiviral activity in a non-enveloped virus PV-1 allowed the assertion that the extracts from the organs of L. austroapennina, and especially the stem extract, interfered directly with the viral envelope. This study underlines how much knowledge of a territory’s medicinal plant heritage is a harbinger of promising discoveries in the health field.
Genomic Detection of the Emerging, Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Subtype D in Bahia, Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Rego Filipe Ferreira , de Moraes Laise , Giovanetti Marta , Silva José Adriano Góes , Torres Felipe Guimarães , de Oliveira Silva Marcio , da Purificação Pereira da Silva Maria , Van Weyenbergh Johan , Santos Luciane Amorim , Khouri Ricardo
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: The HIV subtype D is generally associated with a faster decline in CD4+ T cell counts, a higher viral load, and a faster progression to AIDS. However, it is still poorly characterized in Brazil. In this study, we used genomics and epidemiological data to investigate the transmission dynamics of HIV subtype D in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. (2) Methods: To achieve this goal, we obtained four novel HIV-1 subtype D partial pol genome sequences using the Sanger method. To understand the emergence of this novel subtype in the state of Bahia, we used phylodynamic analysis on a dataset comprising 3704 pol genome sequences downloaded from the Los Alamos database. (3) Results: Our analysis revealed three branching patterns, indicating multiple introductions of the HIV-1 subtype D in Brazil from the late 1980s to the late 2000s and a single introduction event in the state of Bahia. Our data further suggest that these introductions most likely originated from European, Eastern African, Western African, and Southern African countries. (4) Conclusion: Understanding the distribution of HIV-1 viral strains and their temporal dynamics is crucial for monitoring the real-time evolution of circulating subtypes and recombinant forms, as well as for designing novel diagnostic and vaccination strategies. We advocate for a shift to active surveillance, to ensure adequate preparedness for future epidemics mediated by emerging viral strains.
Increase in SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in UK Domestic Felids Despite Weak Immunogenicity of Post-Omicron Variants
Authors: Tyson Grace B. , Jones Sarah , Montreuil-Spencer Chloe , Logan Nicola , Scott Sam , Sasvari Hagar , McDonald Michael , Marshall Leigh , Murcia Pablo R. , Willett Brian J. , Weir William , Hosie Margaret J.
Published: July 2023

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections in domestic cats have caused concern for both animal health and the potential for inter-species transmission. Cats are known to be susceptible to the Omicron variant and its descendants, however, the feline immune response to these variants is not well defined. We aimed to estimate the current seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in UK pet cats, as well as characterise the neutralising antibody response to the Omicron (BA.1) variant. A neutralising seroprevalence of 4.4% and an overall seroprevalence of 13.9% was observed. Both purebred and male cats were found to have the highest levels of seroprevalence, as well as cats aged between two and five years. The Omicron variant was found to have a lower immunogenicity in cats than the B.1, Alpha and Delta variants, which reflects previous reports of immune and vaccine evasion in humans. These results further underline the importance of surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infections in UK cats as the virus continues to evolve.
Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
Authors: Takahashi Etsuhisa , Sawabuchi Takako , Homma Tetsuya , Fukuda Yosuke , Sagara Hironori , Kinjo Takeshi , Fujita Kaori , Suga Shigeru , Kimoto Takashi , Sakai Satoko , Kameda Keiko , Kido Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen immobilized on the DCP microarray and various RBD doses added to serum and expressed as 1/IC50 nM. The binding avidity analyzed under equilibrium conditions of antigen–antibody binding reaction is different from the avidity index measured with the chaotropic agent, such as urea, under nonequilibrium and short-time conditions. Quantitative determination of the infection-protection potential of antibodies was assessed by ABAT (antigen binding avidity antibody titer), which was calculated by the quantity (level) × quality (binding avidity) of antibodies. The binding avidity correlated strongly (r = 0.811) with cell-based virus-neutralizing activity. Maturation of the protective antibody induced by repeated vaccinations or SARS-CoV-2 infection was classified into three categories of ABAT, such as an initial, low, and high ABAT. Antibody maturity correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Once a mature high binding avidity was achieved, it was maintained for at least 6–8 months regardless of the subsequent change in the antibody levels.
Compounding Achromobacter Phages for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Cobián Güemes Ana Georgina , Le Tram , Rojas Maria Isabel , Jacobson Nicole E. , Villela Helena , McNair Katelyn , Hung Shr-Hau , Han Lili , Boling Lance , Octavio Jessica Claire , Dominguez Lorena , Cantú Vito Adrian , Archdeacon Sinéad , Vega Alejandro A. , An Michelle A. , Hajama Hamza , Burkeen Gregory , Edwards Robert A. , Conrad Douglas J. , Rohwer Forest , Segall Anca M.
Published: July 2023

Achromobacter species colonization of Cystic Fibrosis respiratory airways is an increasing concern. Two adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis colonized by Achromobacter xylosoxidans CF418 or Achromobacter ruhlandii CF116 experienced fatal exacerbations. Achromobacter spp. are naturally resistant to several antibiotics. Therefore, phages could be valuable as therapeutics for the control of Achromobacter. In this study, thirteen lytic phages were isolated and characterized at the morphological and genomic levels for potential future use in phage therapy. They are presented here as the Achromobacter Kumeyaay phage collection. Six distinct Achromobacter phage genome clusters were identified based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Kumeyaay collection as well as the publicly available Achromobacter phages. The infectivity of all phages in the Kumeyaay collection was tested in 23 Achromobacter clinical isolates; 78% of these isolates were lysed by at least one phage. A cryptic prophage was induced in Achromobacter xylosoxidans CF418 when infected with some of the lytic phages. This prophage genome was characterized and is presented as Achromobacter phage CF418-P1. Prophage induction during lytic phage preparation for therapy interventions require further exploration. Large-scale production of phages and removal of endotoxins using an octanol-based procedure resulted in a phage concentrate of 1 × 109 plaque-forming units per milliliter with an endotoxin concentration of 65 endotoxin units per milliliter, which is below the Food and Drugs Administration recommended maximum threshold for human administration. This study provides a comprehensive framework for the isolation, bioinformatic characterization, and safe production of phages to kill Achromobacter spp. in order to potentially manage Cystic Fibrosis (CF) pulmonary infections.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Deformable Viral Capsomers
Authors: Nilsson Lauren B. , Sun Fanbo , Kadupitiya J. C. S. , Jadhao Vikram
Published: July 2023

Most coarse-grained models of individual capsomers associated with viruses employ rigid building blocks that do not exhibit shape adaptation during self-assembly. We develop a coarse-grained general model of viral capsomers that incorporates their stretching and bending energies while retaining many features of the rigid-body models, including an overall trapezoidal shape with attractive interaction sites embedded in the lateral walls to favor icosahedral capsid assembly. Molecular dynamics simulations of deformable capsomers reproduce the rich self-assembly behavior associated with a general T=1 icosahedral virus system in the absence of a genome. Transitions from non-assembled configurations to icosahedral capsids to kinetically-trapped malformed structures are observed as the steric attraction between capsomers is increased. An assembly diagram in the space of capsomer–capsomer steric attraction and capsomer deformability reveals that assembling capsomers of higher deformability into capsids requires increasingly large steric attraction between capsomers. Increasing capsomer deformability can reverse incorrect capsomer–capsomer binding, facilitating transitions from malformed structures to symmetric capsids; however, making capsomers too soft inhibits assembly and yields fluid-like structures.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake in Greece and Cyprus during the Pandemic
Authors: Pouliasi Ioanna Irini , Hadjikou Andria , Kouvari Konstantina , Heraclides Alexandros
Published: July 2023

Despite the rigorous investigation of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy and refusal during the COVID-19 pandemic, the socioeconomic determinants of this phenomenon remain poorly investigated on a global scale. Following proportional quota sampling, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study. We recruited participants on-site and online from different settings, regions, and socioeconomic strata in two Eastern Mediterranean populations, Greece and Cyprus. Our approach provided a nationwide sample (n = 576) approaching the adult population structure of the two countries, with a slight underrepresentation of men and older people. Our results indicate clear socioeconomic differences in vaccine hesitancy and vaccination coverage, consistent with wider social inequalities in health. In particular, we reveal a clear socioeconomic gradient characterized by lower vaccine hesitancy and higher vaccination coverage, with increasing educational attainment and income. Additionally, participants residing in semi-urban areas show higher vaccine hesitancy and have lower vaccination coverage than those residing in urban and rural areas. Our results could inform Public Health approaches aiming to tackle the alarming phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy by enabling the targeting of population groups who are particularly vaccine-hesitant, rendering such approaches more targeted and effective while at the same time reducing inequalities in the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
“It Doesn’t Cure, but It Protects”: COVID-19 Vaccines through the Eyes of Children and Their Parents
Authors: Groenewald Candice , Isaacs Dane , Maluleka Mafanato
Published: July 2023

Recently, studies have examined COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and/or hesitancy amongst adult populations across the globe. However, there is a paucity of literature illustrating children’s voices in vaccination debates. This article draws on qualitative data collected via a mixed-methods study that explored South Africans’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (N = 29) of children (>18 years) and their parents regarding their initial perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines. Given the dyadic nature of our study, we explored the intergenerational influence that parents’ perspectives had on children’s vaccine acceptability and the role that vaccine literacy, or lack thereof, played in vaccine decision making. Findings showed a great level of vaccine acceptability among children and parents, where many placed hopes in the vaccines to promote societal health and wellbeing. Intergenerational transfer of perspectives was observed where children’s willingness to receive a vaccine was intrinsically linked to their parents’ vaccine acceptability. Some participants also expressed concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, related to misinformation, mistrust, and limited vaccine literacy. We discuss the findings as they relate to vaccine and health literacy, also considering the prospective implications of this work as we enter the “recovery” period of the pandemic.
Research Progress on the Development of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
Authors: Zhang Hang , Luo Qin , He Yingxin , Zheng Yajie , Sha Huiyang , Li Gan , Kong Weili , Liao Jiedan , Zhao Mengmeng
Published: July 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease in the pig industry, but its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The disease is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), which primarily infects porcine alveolar macrophages and disrupts the immune system. Unfortunately, there is no specific drug to cure PRRS, so vaccination is crucial for controlling the disease. There are various types of single and combined vaccines available, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines. Among them, live vaccines provide better protection, but cross-protection is weak. Inactivated vaccines are safe but have poor immune efficacy. Subunit vaccines can be used in the third trimester of pregnancy, and DNA vaccines can enhance the protective effect of live vaccines. However, vector vaccines only confer partial protection and have not been widely used in practice. A PRRS vaccine that meets new-generation international standards is still needed. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, live vector, DNA, gene-deletion, synthetic peptide, virus-like particle, and other types of vaccines for the prevention and control of PRRS. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for vaccine research and development.
A Geological Site Selection Method of a Coal Mine Underground Reservoir and Its Application
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Guoqing , Xing Zhenguo , Wang Lei , Zou Weikun
Published: July 2023

The selection of a suitable location is a crucial prerequisite for the construction of an underground reservoir in water-scarce coal-mining regions, while there are few reports related. In this research, the geological influencing factors of water storage capacity of an underground reservoir were investigated. Caved sandstone provides effective storage space for mine water and mudstone in the floor prevents the mine water in the goaf from leaking downward. The water storage capacity of coal mine underground reservoir is positively correlated with the coal thickness, sandstone ratio of the roof, water storage coefficient, and effective safety thickness, and is negatively correlated with the elevation of the main coal floor and sandstone ratio of the floor. A mathematical model of water storage coefficient was established and a geological site selection method of a coal mine underground reservoir was proposed based on an entropy weight method. With a HJT coal mine in the Shendong coal mining area of China as a case study, the implementation of this method was elaborated. For an existing underground reservoir, located in the goaf of No. 12301 fully mechanized long wall mining face of No. 1−2 coal seam in the HJT mine field, the water storage coefficient (Q) and the site selection suitability index (SI) were 0.2194 (Q) and 0.544 (SI, at a good level). The estimated values were consistent with the actual situation, which may verify the accuracy and reliability of this method to some extent. SI was estimated for No. 2−2 coal seams and the suitable locations for the construction of underground reservoirs were predicted in this mine field.
Numerical Study of Multiple Momentum Jets in a Vegetated Crossflow
Authors: Yuan Hao , Xia Chunhua , Zhao Guangde , Hu Ruichang
Published: July 2023

Vertically discharged multiple jets in crossflow is a common form of wastewater discharge. The presence of vegetation in the flow channel complicates the hydraulic characteristics of jets. The realizable k-ε turbulent model is used to simulate the flow, turbulence, and vortex characteristics of multiple jets with different spacing and jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios, to study the flow characteristics and vortex structure of multiple jets in a vegetated channel. The results reveal that vegetation inhibits the development of a counterrotating vortex pair. The jets with a low jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio are concentrated near the flow symmetry profile by the dual constraints of ambient flow and vegetation. The jets gradually spread outward and the counterrotating vortex pair become more obvious when the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio increases. Vegetation reduces the shading effect of the front jet on the rear jet by accelerating the dissipation of shear layer vortices. The influence of the front jet on the rear jet decreases as the spacing increases.
Research on a Prediction Model of Water Quality Parameters in a Marine Ranch Based on LSTM-BP
Authors: Xu He , Lv Bin , Chen Jie , Kou Lei , Liu Hailin , Liu Min
Published: July 2023

Water quality is an important factor affecting marine pasture farming. Water quality parameters have the characteristics of time series, showing instability and nonlinearity. Previous water quality prediction models are usually based on specific assumptions and model parameters, which may have limitations for complex water environment systems. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, this paper combines long short-term memory (LSTM) and backpropagation (BP) neural networks to construct an LSTM-BP combined water quality parameter prediction model and uses the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) to evaluate the model. Experimental results show that the prediction performance of the LSTM-BP model is better than other models. On the RMSE and MAE indicators, the LSTM-BP model is 76.69% and 79.49% lower than other models, respectively. On the NSE index, the LSTM-BP model has improved by 34.13% compared with other models. The LSTM-BP model can effectively reflect time series characteristics and nonlinear mapping capabilities. This research provides a new method and reference for the prediction of water quality parameters in marine ranching and further enables the intelligent and sustainable development of marine ranching.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Non-Point Source Pollution in Jiulong River Basin (China) Using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool Model in Combination with the GeoSOS-FLUS Model
Authors: Li Zheng , Xue Wenchao , Winijkul Ekbordin , Shrestha Sangam
Published: July 2023

Water pollution, particularly non-point source pollution, poses a significant environmental challenge in river basins around the world. This complex and dynamic process is influenced by both human activities and natural processes. In this study, a quantitative analysis of ammonia-N and total phosphorus (TP) levels in the North Stream of the Jiulong River basin, China from 2010 to 2018 was conducted using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was able to facilitate the simulation of spatio-temporal dynamics of concerned pollutants. Additionally, the GeoSOS-FLUS model was integrated with SWAT to predict land use patterns in 2040 and assess their impact on pollutant dynamics. The results demonstrated that the SWAT model effectively simulated the spatial and temporal dynamics of concerned pollutants in the study area, with satisfactory R2 and NS values for river discharges and pollutant loads. Notably, 2016 exhibited significant pollution levels, particularly in March. The study revealed distinct sources of ammonia-N and TP, originating from aquatic animal breeding areas and industrial wastewater discharge, respectively. Moreover, land use patterns influenced the spatial distribution of pollutants. These findings serve as a crucial data foundation for future endeavors in controlling and mitigating non-point source pollution in the Jiulong River basin.
Effects of Biomass and Soil Water Content Distribution on Cosmic Ray Neutron Probe Measurement
Authors: Wang Qiuming , Shi Liang , Zhao Xu , Fan Jun
Published: July 2023

Cosmic ray neutron probes (CRNPs) provide continuous monitoring of average near-surface soil water content (SWC) on hectometer scales. However, the performance of CRNPs on surfaces of highly heterogeneous vegetation and SWC remains uncertain. This study evaluated three vegetation calibration methods with the correction of vegetation distribution developed for a CRNP on the Loess Plateau of China. Three plots with different vegetation distributions were selected and equipped with CRNPs and SWC sensors, and their biomass as well as distribution were measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a RedEdge multispectral camera. We found that the parameter N0, which is neutron flux in dry soil, was best represented by the biomass at average growth conditions of the monitoring period, yielding the lowest RMSE (0.068). The Veg–N0 vegetation calibration method reduced the RMSE the most between the CRNP SWC and the Kriging-weighted SWC, and the correction of the spatial distribution of the vegetation further reduced the RMSE. The cooperation between the CRNP and the UAV could obtain the regional averaged SWC accurately. This study makes up for the lack of vegetation calibration for the CRNP on the Loess Plateau, which should help develop sustainable vegetation management and ecohydrological management strategies on the Loess Plateau, so as to protect water security in the region.
The Impact of Molybdenum Mining on Cd Pollution along Wenyu Stream in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Huaqing , Zhao Aning , Xu Youning , Zhang Jianghua , Yang Min
Published: July 2023

Mining has brought many environmental problems to the surrounding soil, water, and air, with toxic elements contaminating surface water, threatening ecological balance and human health. This study selected the Wenyu watershed downstream from a large molybdenum mine in the Qinling Mountains as the study area, aiming to explore the impact of molybdenum mining on surface water quality. The content characteristics of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Hg in surface water, sediment, and rock samples were analyzed by field sampling and chemical testing. The results showed only obvious Cd pollution. The pollution status and ecological risk level of surface water and sediment samples in the Wenyu Stream watershed were evaluated using the single pollution index method, geo-accumulation index method, and Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method. Finally, the sources of Cd pollution and the impact of mining on Cd distribution in the Wenyu Stream were comprehensively discussed. The research results showed that Cd content in the Wenyu Stream was significantly affected by mining activity and the coefficient of variation of Cd content reached 99.44%. Among 22 surface water samples, 21 samples met the Class II water standard, indicating a clean overall water quality of the Wenyu Stream, and only one sample exceeded the Class II water standard with a mild pollution level. All 15 sediment samples were polluted to varying degrees and the most severely polluted sample had reached a moderate to strong pollution level. Most of the samples were at a moderate pollution level. The potential ecological hazard indexes of Cd content were at medium to very strong risk level, indicating that the overall sediment in the main ditch of the Wenyu Stream was under a strong ecological risk level. The main sources of Cd pollution, including acid mine drainage, regional geological background, sediment release, and atmospheric dry and wet deposition, were discussed.
New technique for solving multivariate global optimization
Authors: Aaid Djamel , Özer Özen
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on branch and bound method to underestimate the objective function and reductive transformation which is transformed the all multivariable functions on univariable functions. We also demonstrate several quadratic lower bound functions are proposed which they are better/preferable than the others well-known in literature. We obtain that our experimental results are more effective when we face different nonconvex functions.
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF CITIES AND TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Trofymenko M. ,   Mariupol State University
Published: July 2023

The article studies the evolution of the cities’ turning into the actors of public diplomacy, their acquisition of greater powers and opportunities to participate in public diplomacy in the process of historical transformations. The historical discourse of the phenomenon of cities’ public diplomacy is considered, the functions of the city in the system of public diplomacy are defined, and the impact of modern cities on the development of public diplomacy is clarified. The relationship between city diplomacy and the political regime is analyzed on the examples of such countries as the USA, the Republic of Moldova, Hungary, the Baltic States, as well as the experience of the EU countries after the First and Second World Wars, and the role of the local diplomacy in the recovery process in cases of the kind is defined. The role of democratic states in shaping approaches to strengthening city diplomacy through national government assistance and coordination is identified. It is determined how the situation in Ukraine after the full-scale invasion influenced the activation of the cities’ policy of attracting the support of the international community and expanding contacts within the framework of bilateral cooperation. The special role of Ukrainian cities as actors of public diplomacy in war conditions is substantiated; it is investigated how Ukrainian cities in terms of war have become a valuable resource for ensuring the interests of their residents. The tools used by cities to compensate for the lack of humanitarian, financial support, or support for the restoration of damaged cities at the national level have been identified. Changes in the functional content of the potential of the Ukrainian cities’ and territories’ public diplomacy before and after the beginning of the full-scale aggression of the russian federation are studied. It is found out that despite the tendency of strengthening the role of cities as the actors of public diplomacy, local public diplomacy still needs coordination by national agencies that deals with diplomacy issues. The development of local diplomacy will be also facilitated by the maximization of local political autonomy and the creation of local infrastructure in municipalities for the management of public diplomacy of cities, which will allow implementing a multi-level, statewide approach to city diplomacy. Key words: city, community, public diplomacy, city diplomacy.
Trend of Conflict Rate in Iran from 2014 to 2020: An Ecological Study
Authors: Talebi-Ghane Elaheh , Khazaei Salman , Hadavand Siri Fatemeh , Ahmadi Delniya , Mehri Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Background: Detecting the correlation of conflict rate within provinces over time provides a better understanding for health policymakers in identifying potential causes. The purpose of this study was to assess the trend of conflict rate in 31 provinces of Iran using the growth mixture model (GMM). Methods: This ecologic study was conducted based on the data obtained from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO) by gender and provinces between March 21, 2014 and March 21, 2020. First, the 7-year cumulative incidence rates were described; second, the trend of conflict rate was modeled by a linear mixed-effects model according to gender and overall; finally, distinct classes of provinces with similar conflict trends in seven years were identified using the GMM. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Among provinces, Ardebil and Sistan Baluchistan had the highest and the lowest 7-year conflict incidence rates (95% CI) with 66.6 (52.38, 84.67) and 20.79 (13.53, 31.95) per 100000, respectively. The results of the linear mixed-effects model showed that the annual rate of conflict in Iran decreased by 0.37% from 2014 to 2017 and then slightly increased by 0.07% after 2017. In addition, the GMM results indicated that the trends for Iranian provinces can be clustered into four distinct classes. Conclusion: Our study showed the increasing growth of conflict in the last years in most provinces of Iran. Necessary interventions are important to prevent the rising conflict rate due to the various effects of conflict on psychological, social, and health factors.
Successful Treatment of Sebaceous Nevus With Copper Vapor Laser
Authors: Ponomarev Igor V. , Topchiy Sergey B. , Andrusenko Yuri N. , Shakina Lyudmila D.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Sebaceous nevus (SN) is a benign skin hamartoma with a potent transformation in benign or malignant tumors in adolescents or adults. Due to the most common location in the esthetic zone, an SN makes patients seek a dermatologist for cosmetic concerns on the face or neck. The surgical excision of a large-sized SN in the esthetic zone may require reconstruction with a skin flap and be associated with recurrences and scar formation. Case Report: We describe the successful treatment of the large-sized neck SN with copper vapor laser (CVL) for the first time. A left-sided neck SN (linear size of 27 mm) in the 24-year-old Caucasian female completely resolved after eight CVL sessions. The settings were as follows: average power accounted for 0.8-1.0 W, with a ratio at green (511 nm) and yellow (578 nm) wavelengths of 3:2. The pulse duration was set as 20 nanoseconds, the repetition rate 16.6 kHz, the exposure time 200 ms, light spot diameter of 1 mm. The CVL treatment resulted in the complete disappearance of the SN without remote side effects such as hyperpigmentation, scarring or recurrences 24 months after the treatment. The patient was satisfied with the excellent cosmetic results. Conclusion: The CVL treatment of the SN provides the most relevant result due to the complete elimination of SN cells and the remodeling of the vascular bed supplying the involved areas.
El impacto de la intervención diplomática persa en su frontera helénica (513-449 a.C.)
Authors: Cifuentes Martín
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto político que tuvo en el mundo griego la primera fase de expansión aqueménida sobre la Hélade Continental (513-449). Un proceso que, junto a un conjunto de campañas militares, estuvo conformado principalmente por el desarrollo de una estrategia diplomática de intervención a través de acuerdos de amistad (xenía) con familias aristocráticas. Este tipo de prácticas políticas fueron entabladas en el contexto de transición entre el siglo VI y V a.C. que implican el acto ritual de la entrega de tierra y agua, y fueron registrados por la tradición helena como un acto de sumisión al poder aqueménida. La propuesta es analizar el alcance de estas actividades diplomáticas como parte de una estrategia política para construir vínculos en un área de frontera de difícil acceso logístico para el control directo del imperio persa.
política internacional de la Provincia de Buenos Aires durante la gobernación de María Eugenia Vidal (2015-2019)
Authors: Campanella Delfina
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis sobre la participación internacional de un actor subnacional de peso relevante y poco indagado como lo es la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), durante el periodo de gobierno de María Eugenia Vidal (2015-2019), perteneciente a la alianza Cambiemos. La consagración de su victoria se postuló como una novedad, ya que durante 28 años –desde 1987— todos los gobernadores del distrito habían pertenecido al Partido Justicialista. De esta manera, el trabajo busca contribuir en la temática y profundizar acerca de los retos que supone la internacionalización de actores subnacionales. En este caso, se procura indagar en los rasgos que adquirió la política internacional de la Provincia a partir de un cambio en el gobierno, en relación a las temáticas abordadas, lineamientos seguidos y medios utilizados para alcanzarlos. Para ello, se recurre a la metodología de estudio de caso y al análisis bibliográfico y de documentos digitales.
Competencias del Docente en Enfermería en la Elaboración de la Planeación Didáctica
Authors: Mateo Crisóstomo Yadira , Posadas Luna Gloria , Aguilar Zavala Herlinda , Flores Arias María Luisa , Herrera-Paredes José Manuel
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Describir el nivel de competencias profesionales para elaborar una planeación didáctica en los docentes de enfermería de una universidad pública del estado de Puebla y Tabasco. Métodos: El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo comparativo de dos Instituciones de Educación Superior. El muestreo fue por conveniencia, con una muestra final de 20 docentes de enfermería de pregrado; 10 del estado de Puebla y 10 de Tabasco. Se utilizó una cédula ex profesa de datos personales y se aplicó un instrumento para evaluar las competencias del docente de enfermería en la planeación didáctica, con un total de 12 reactivos.  Este instrumento tiene dos dimensiones; conocimientos y habilidades prácticas del docente. Resultados principales: Se muestra que el 40% de los docentes de enfermería tiene un nivel de competencia bajo y el 30% se encuentra entre un nivel moderado y alto con respecto al conocimiento de la planeación didáctica. Asimismo, referente a las habilidades prácticas, el 65% se ubica en nivel de competencia bajo y tan sólo el 15% presenta un nivel de competencia alto. Conclusión general: La planeación didáctica en enfermería es esencial para asegurar que los estudiantes reciban una educación de calidad y estén preparados para enfrentar los desafíos del campo de la enfermería.
Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Di Puskesmas Ilwaki Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya Tahun 2021
Authors: Setiawan Dimas Adi , Suherman Suherman , Yusuf Kurnia , Wahyuni Fitri , Garendi Aisyah Vitariani
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang : Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan fisik yang ditandai dengan penurunan kecepatan pertumbuhan dan merupakan dampak dari ketidakseimbangan gizi. Stunting merupakan masalah yang kompleks yang bisa disebabkan oleh berat badan lahir rendah, ASI Ekslusif, panjang badan lahir, pendapatan keluarga serta ketidakseimbangan asupan zat gizi makro (Protein) dan zat gizi mikro (Zink, Kalsium dan Vitamin D) Tujuan : Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Puskesmas Ilwaki Tahun 2021. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua balita yang berada pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ilwaki. Dilakukan pada bulan Agustus – September 2021 jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 67 balita. Hasil : Analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan riwayat ASI terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 0,001, tidak ada hubungan riwayat BBLR terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 0,451, tidak ada hubungan pendapatan keluarga terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 0,622, tidak ada hubungan asupan energi terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 1,000, ada hubungan protein terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 0,000, ada hubungan asupan zink terhadap kejadian stunting balita p value 0,000, Hubungan asupan kalsium terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita p value 0,000, tidak ada hubungan asupan vitamin D terhadap kejadian stunting balita p value 1,000. Kesimpulan : dari penelitian ini menunjukan pemberian ASI Ekslusif, Asupan Protein, Zink, Kalsium berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita dan riwayat BBLR, Pendapatan Keluarga, Asupan Energi, Vitamin D tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ilwaki Maluku Barat Daya
Kata Kunci : Stunting, ASI Ekslusif, Riwayat BBLR, Pendapatan Keluarga, Protein, Zink, Kalsium, Asupan Energi, Vitamin D.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Kulit Kentang dengan Kombinasi Basis Karbopol 940 dan HPMC
Authors: Sulistyaningtyas Farah , Diasturi Noviola
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang: Salah satu bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan adalah kulit kentang. senyawa antioksidan yang terkandung dalam kulit kentang antara lain flavonoid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dipilih ekstrak kulit kentang yang dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan gel, sediaan gel ini dipilih karena memiliki nilai estetika yang baik, maka, berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka tersebut untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik yang dihasilkan gel ekstrak kulit kentangdari kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC yang stabil sesuai dengan SNI 16-4399-1996. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksperimental, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan simplisia kulit kentang diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan dipekatkan. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel dengan kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC dengan variasi konsentrasi Formula 1 : 0,5% dan 2%, Formula 2 : 0,75% dan 2,5%, Formula 3 : 1% dan 3%. Selanjutnya sediaan gel diuji stabilitas fisik yang meliputi organoleptik, pH, viskositas, homogenitas, daya sebar dan daya lekat. Hasil: stabilitas fisik yang dihasilkan sediaan gel ekstrak kulit kentang dengan kombinasi basis karbopol 940 dan HPMC dapat dikatakan stabil pada semua parameter yaitu pada Formula 2, stabil pada uji organoleptik, mempunyai nilai viskositas 3310 cps setelah penambahan ekstrak kulit kentang, mempunyai nilai pH-6 sebelum dan setelah penambahan ekstrak kulit kentang, dengan daya sebar rata-rata 6,31 dan rata-rata daya lekat 7,16 detik setelah penambahan ekstrak kulit kentang. Kesimpulan: Stabilitas fisik yang dihasilkan sediaan gel ekstrak kulit kentang dengan kombinasi basis karbopol dan HPMC dapat dikatakan stabil
Kata Kunci : Ekstrak kulit kentang, stabilitas fisik, gel antioksidan, karbopol 940, HPMC