bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory‐based deep reinforcement learning for cognitive radar target tracking waveform resource management
Authors: Qin Jiahao , Zhu Mengtao , Pan Zesi , Li Yunjie , Li Yan
Published: September 2023

A cognitive radar (CR) system can offer enhanced target tracking performance due to its intelligence on the perception‐action cycle, wherein a CR adaptively allocates the limited transmitting resources based on its perception of surrounding environments. To effectively manage the transmit waveform resource for the target tracking task, CR resource management problem is formulated under the partially observable Markov decision process framework. The sequential decision‐making and the inherent partial observability for target tracking problem are considered. In the proposed method, a long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm is developed to effectively solve the problem. A reward function is designed considering Haykin's cognitive executive attention mechanism for radar systems such that the CR resource management policy has stability in the decision of transmit waveform, which follows the principle of minimum disturbance. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed LSTM memory‐based TD3 with improved target tracking performance and increased mean rewards for CR.
The Impacts of Popularization of Electric Vehicles on Urban Air Pollution: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yanlin
Published: September 2023

This research explores the impact of popularizing electric vehicles (EVs) on China's urban air pollution or contagion. With the rapid growth of the transportation industry and the increasing concern about air pollution, the Chinese administration has been promoting the use of EVs to mitigate the adverse effects of traditional gasoline-powered vehicles on the environment. Using empirical data collected from various cities in China, this study exploits a difference-in-differences approach to analyze the causal connection between the EV implementation and urban air quality. According to the findings, the increase in EV usage significantly and positively impacts reducing the concentration of air emissions such as PM2.5 and SO2. Moreover, the study also finds that the magnitude of the effect varies across different types of cities with varying levels of economic development and air pollution. This research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of promoting EVs in reducing urban air pollution in China. It has important implications for policymakers and stakeholders in other countries.
Impacts of the Major Drought in Chile and Mitigation Measures
Authors: Xu Nuan
Published: September 2023

Since 2010, Chile has experienced a megadrought. It is the most persistent and severe climatic issue of the last millennium, affecting not only precipitation and temperature but also lakes and glaciers. This article aims to summarize the specific impacts caused by the drought in Chile and give some advice to alleviate these effects. To begin with, the study will focus on analyzing the increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, and decline in water surface area of particular lakes. Additionally, it will delve into the effects of climate change on plant and animal species as well as human activities, including a decrease in vegetation coverage, disruption of the food chain, a substantial reduction in biodiversity, and a decline in gross domestic product (GDP). Finally, the study will also propose a range of measures to minimize these impacts from both biological and political perspectives. There are two main ways: (i) change the genes of plants to make them more adaptable to the environment; (ii) transport sea water from the Pacific Ocean and build water management plants. In the future, scientists and governments will be required to find more ways to mitigate the impacts of the megadrought and promote some measures to protect the environment. This article could provide some new ideas for improving the climate in Chile in the future.
The Impacts of Different Power Plants on Climate: Evidence from Fossil-fuel, Hydroelectric & Wind Power
Authors: Xie Ruilin
Published: September 2023

Contemporarily, global anthropogenic climate anomalies are severe and tend to continue to increase. The large number of power plants built around the world is to blame for this. The largest and most used power generation technologies in the world today are thermal, hydroelectric and wind power. The physical principles and climate impact factors of these three power plants are reviewed and compared, and their respective characteristics and limitations are analysed from a climate perspective. The conclusion is that thermal power plants have the greatest negative impact on the climate and wind power plants are the cleanest and most environmentally friendly. Overall, the current forms of power generation are still very limited and need to be further developed, and more research is needed in the field of power generation technology to protect the earth's natural resources and climate. This paper introduces the climate impacts of each of the three major power plants, provides an overview of current human power generation technologies, and provides an outlook for future developments.
Comparison of additional empowerment of carbon capture applications in petrochemical, construction, power industry
Authors: Qiao Jiang
Published: September 2023

Carbon capture is a technology that can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. For carbon dioxide produced in the atmosphere or in other industries, captures and stores carbon dioxide through chemical or physical methods, or processes and utilizes the captured carbon dioxide in other ways, so as to reduce the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Utilizing the captured carbon dioxide to achieve economic benefits is an efficient and economical method for carbon capture. This article focuses on the analysis of the three fields of petrochemical, construction, and power industry. By using the captured carbon dioxide to generate specific additional energy, and then comparing the benefits of the additional energy, it can be concluded which aspects are developable. Through analysis and comparison, the limitations and prospects for development in the three fields of petrochemical industry, construction industry and power industry can be given. Especially in power industry, the use of carbon capture technology to capture carbon dioxide from exhaust gases and store it underground can reduce emissions by at least 90%. In conclusion, after comparing the three sectors of the petrochemical industry, the building industry and the power industry. It can be concluded that the objectives to be achieved by applying carbon capture technologies and utilising, the additional empowerment generated, are similar. All are aimed at reducing emissions, improving energy efficiency and achieving sustainable development.
Technology and advancement in carbon capture based on post-combustion
Authors: Zhao Yiming
Published: September 2023

Carbon capture technologies are urgently required to reduce carbon emissions and reach the target of net-zero emissions for all countries because the significant amount of CO2 emissions brought on by human activities has contributed to many environmental problems, including global warming and extreme climate. In this paper, the fundamentals of the three primary post-combustion CO2 capture methods—absorption separation, adsorption separation, and membrane separation—are discussed. Additionally, the most recent advancements in these technologies are discussed. The paper also compares the benefits and drawbacks of each of the three technologies, emphasizing a number of difficulties and challenges currently faced by each of the three carbon capture technologies, including high cost, high energy consumption, low stability and low selectivity. Finally, the development prospects and research priorities of the three carbon capture methods are analyzed, and it is indicated that the primary paths for the advancement of carbon capture technologies in the future will be cost reduction and rapid commercialization and industrialization.
Applications of Biochar on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)
Authors: Lin Zitian
Published: September 2023

The impact of global warming and greenhouse gases on life and the environment on Earth is very prominent. Human activities emitting carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have caused many kinds of environmental damage such as typhoons and tsunamis, sea level rise, forest fires, crop reduction, etc. Many countries have proposed net zero emissions by the middle of this century. And carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is a necessary and powerful approach to achieve the goal. Biochar is a porous form of carbon processed from organic waste such as animal waste, animal bones, plant roots, wood chips and wheat stalks. Its use in the environment can help increase the capacity of CCUS. In this article, the use of biochar in the environment and its benefits are briefly discussed. The use of biochar in carbon reduction is then explained in depth, with a focus on the promotion of the CCUS process.
Research on the Development of Carbon-Neutral Circular Economy based on an Environmental Protection Strategy
Authors: Chen Qianhui
Published: September 2023

The carbon circular economy is a new idea to achieve a circular economy that is green and low-carbon and respond to global climate change. It is a more sustainable, carbon-neutral, and zero-emission energy system solution. China can create a cutting-edge economic system of low-carbon circular development, improve the capacity of sustainable development, reach the carbon peak on time, and subsequently achieve carbon neutrality by developing a circular carbon economy. According to the analysis of the connotation of carbon cycle economy, this paper discusses the influencing factors, difficulties, and challenges of carbon cycle economy in the current era, puts forward the principles of reduction, reuse, and recycling of carbon cycle economy, explains the importance and necessity of the background and development of carbon cycle economy, and constructs the development model of carbon cycle economy based on the "3R" principle. Finally, this study put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the creation of a carbon-cycle economy.
The Transformation of Major Power Generation Channels and Comparative Analysis of Policies in China and the United States in the Context of Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Liu Yilin
Published: September 2023

The primary contributor to global warming is human emissions of greenhouse gases. In order to prevent the continued warming of the global climate, the realization of carbon neutrality is a necessary way to achieve this goal. Although both China and the United States have made corresponding strategic deployments to achieve carbon neutrality, the difficulties faced by the two countries to attain the goal still need to be analyzed and resolved. This article compares the primary power generation methods and the differences in policies between the two countries over the years. It analyzes the changes and difficulties China and the United States faced in achieving carbon neutrality. Preliminary analysis shows that China and the United States generate electricity mainly through thermal power. Due to the difference in resources between the two countries, the United States uses natural gas as a raw material. In contrast, coal is the primary raw material for China's thermal power generation. China and the United States have developed ambitious policy plans to meet their respective carbon neutrality objectives. However, in contrast to China's more stable policies, the US strategy needs equivalent stability.
The plant-based milk market in the context of CAPM and three-factor model – the case of Oatly
Authors: Yin Kainan
Published: September 2023

The article examines the performance of Oatly, a plant-based food company, and the factors that influence its re-turns. Considering the CAPM and Fama-French three-factor models, tracking market volatility is a key factor for investors. The findings reveal that market risk significantly affects Oatly's performance, as shown by the positive relationship between the intercept and Mkt-RF. Investors must monitor market trends closely to make informed investment decisions. The analysis of Oatly's beta value indicates that it is a low-risk investment option, making it an attractive option for investors seeking stable returns. The study highlights the importance of investing in low-risk options, especially in the plant-based food industry. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the determinants of Oatly's returns and offers a comprehensive understanding for investors seeking low-risk investments. Monitoring market trends and risks is essential for investors in the plant-based food sector, and this study serves as a useful guide for making informed investment decisions. Oatly's low-risk profile makes it an at-tractive investment option, and investors must stay vigilant and keep track of market changes to make the most of this opportunity. This study offers important insights that can help investors navigate the complex and dy-namic world of plant-based food investments.
ESG and the U.S. stock market equity returns – take the pharmaceutical industry as an example
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Yang Xinyu
Published: September 2023

It is commonly accepted that market participants use ESG (Environment, social and governance) scores as an indicator of a company’s sustainability performance in terms of finances and reputations. Pharmaceutical industry is highly social related and increasingly exposed to climate change risks. In this study, 251 pharmaceutical companies and three leading enterprises are chosen to make out how ESG scores affect pharmaceutical industry?s stock returns and other financial performance. Using data from Wind and Bloomberg, we do an empirical analysis combined with theoretical analysis. We establish a linear regression model, to make regression of stock returns of the overall industry and ESG scores. The E, S and G scores are also analyzed respectively. Through the regression results, we find that better ESG performance doesn?t increase stock returns, which might due to a lagged effect of ESG performance on financial indicators. Also, higher systematic risks would decrease stock returns. As for specific companies, there are difference between their result and the overall industry. Higher ESG scores do effect stock returns of big companies, for instance, AbbVie and Pfizer, of which the stock returns are positively correlated to ESG scores, while Merck?s fact is negative but better suit for the model.
Air Pollution, Public Health Service and Regional Economic Development: Evidence from New York
Authors: Chen Qingrui
Published: September 2023

The rapid development of world industrialization has brought more and more serious environmental problems, especially air pollution. Its impact on human health has become a shared preoccupation of governments and the public worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that air pollution is associated with the appearance of respiratory diseases. Taking New York as an example, this paper selected PM2.5, a common air pollutant, and asthma, a respiratory disease, as the research objects. By using GeoDa software, Moran scatter map, Significance map, and Cluster map were drawn. Air pollution and economic development in areas with high incidences of respiratory diseases were analyzed. The study revealed that regions where respiratory disease rates were higher had higher levels of air pollution, and developed areas had lower rates of respiratory diseases. Based on these findings, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. To prevent the government from squeezing private capital, all localities should appropriately increase the procurement of basic public services, and appropriately increase the procurement of basic public services. The government should promote the innovation of the basic public services, improve infrastructure construction, and stimulate fair competition among basic public utilities.
The Historical Nexus between Air Quality and Economic Development: Evidence from China
Authors: Fu Jing
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the relationship between economic development and air quality in China. After introducing the economic development process and air quality situation in China, a comprehensive literature review is carried out, in which several works that document research on the link between economic growth and pollution are examined critically. The findings of this study lend credence to the Environmental Kuznets Curve, which shows a correlation between rising levels of air pollution and expanding economies. After conducting research and analysis of China's economic growth after reforms, it was discovered that economic growth was a major contributor to environmental pollution. In addition, it contributed to the rise of the middle class, which increased the use of polluting fossil fuels. The study suggests that non-renewable energies, electric cars, and industrial technologies be implemented to reduce air pollution. Additionally, the study indicates that research be conducted regarding how responsible development can be achieved without necessarily having a negative impact on ecological environment.
Current Status and Prospects of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technology in the Context of International Carbon Neutrality Strategic Goals
Authors: Gu Bingda
Published: September 2023

China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and its huge emissions have attracted strong attention from the world. After accurate calculation, the Chinese government clearly proposed the goal of carbon peak by 2030, carbon neutrality by 2060, from relative emission reduction to absolute emission reduction, and then zero emissions, which became an ambitious "China plan" and road map. Starting with the strategic goals of carbon neutrality in China and other countries in the world, this article introduces in detail the characteristics and practical applications of CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology, as well as the current research status and progress of carbon capture, carbon utilization, and carbon storage technologies. Based on China's national conditions and reality, it analyzes various challenges faced by CCUS technology, including economic, technological, environmental, and policy aspects. Finally, this article places the future vision on the international stage, analyzes and summarizes the development experience of CCUS technology in developed countries, and puts forward suggestions for the development of CCUS technology in China.
Materials and Prospects of Novel Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Qichen
Published: September 2023

As industrial standards continue to grow, the demand for traditional energy sources is on the rise, the solar energy is clean and non-polluting, renewable energy sources. Solar cells are devices that can convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells have progressively established themselves as a research hotspot sought after by scholars in recent years. This paper summarizes the device structure, principle, development status and problems faced by the traditional silicon crystal solar cells and novel solar cells. In addition, this paper also compares the cost, advantages and disadvantages, and the highest efficiency of these several solar cells, analyzes the advantages of the traditional silicon-based solar cells, and the future development direction of several new solar cells. Finally, this paper concludes that silicon solar cells are still dominant in the market because of their outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. The novel solar cells with thin-film structures have high theoretical conversion efficiency and some other characteristics, so they will hopefully replace the traditional silicon solar cells in the future. However, stability, PCE and cost are currently the main challenges.
Le consentement médical à l’ère de la médecine de précision
Authors: Glauzy Antoine , Baertschi Bernard , Duclos-Vallée Jean-Charles
Published: September 2023

Le consentement libre et éclairé comme manifestation de l’adhésion à un acte thérapeutique en médecine est central dans la relation patient-médecin. Malgré d’importantes avancées, la médecine de précision fragilise la relation patient-médecin et ainsi la capacité du patient à consentir, du fait de la complexification de l’analyse des données disponibles et de l’intervention de nombreux médecins spécialistes dans la trajectoire des soins. Cet article propose d’interroger les conséquences de la médecine de précision sur la transmission et la nature de l’information, pour repenser la relation patient-médecin et les conditions de possibilité du consentement. Au-delà des impacts de la médecine de précision, nous pensons que le rôle du médecin s’apparente à celui d’un référent capable d’assurer la transmission et la cohérence des informations communiquées aux patients selon ses besoins en vue de restaurer sa compréhension de la maladie et des propositions thérapeutiques qui lui sont faites.
Les vestibulopathies périphériques
Authors: Tighilet Brahim , Trico Jessica , Xavier Frédéric , Chabbert Christian
Published: September 2023

Les vestibulopathies périphériques (VP) ou désordres vestibulaires périphériques (DVP) sont diagnostiqués surtout selon leur expression clinique, mais l’hétérogénéité des symptômes vestibulaires rend difficile la stratification des patients pour leur prise en charge thérapeutique. Les modèles animaux constituent un moyen d’identifier des critères d’évaluation clinique afin d’analyser la cinétique d’expression du syndrome vertigineux et d’évaluer les bénéfices des stratégies thérapeutiques, qu’elles soient pharmacologiques ou rééducatives. La question de la prédictibilité de ces modèles est donc cruciale pour l’identification de biomarqueurs comportementaux et biologiques qui pourraient être exploités en clinique. Dans cette revue, nous proposons un état des lieux des différents modèles animaux de VP, et discutons de leur pertinence pour la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués et le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques plus ciblées.
Weiterhin nur schleppend vorangehende Akademisierung in der Pflege
Authors: Wendorff Hannah , Fischer Uli
Published: September 2023

Der Einsatz akademischer Pflegefachpersonen wird wegen der damit assoziierten besseren Patientenoutcomes in der direkten klinischen Versorgung seit Jahren gefordert. Während die Akademisierung der Pflege im Ausland weit fortgeschritten ist, liegt Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich zurück, wie einzelne Studien zeigen.
Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Practice, and Awareness among Jazan Population of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Najmuddin Mohammed , Alzhrani Saja Abdullah Ahmed , Ageeli Omnia Mohammed , Saheb Safeena Abdul Khader , Alzhrani Mohanad Abdullah Ahmad , Almahdi Samaher Hassan Kasadi , Bakmani Haifa Fathuldeen , Khudhayr Razan , Khudhayr Elham , Depsh Masood Ahmed Nasser , Wahajuddin Mohammed
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of oral hygiene among individuals of Jazan, Southern Saudi Arabia using a well-designed questionnaire.

Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was conducted on 1,000 study subjects using a self-constructed 16-item close-ended questionnaire in English and the reply was recorded by a single investigator. Both the genders were compared in terms of awareness regarding their oral health by evaluating responses to the questions asked.

Statistical AnalysisData collected was subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0 version.

ResultsA total of 1000 study subjects were assessed, out of which equal distribution (50%) was seen among both the genders. Statistically a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) was observed between both the genders in relation to most of the questions, with females being more aware as compared with males regarding oral hygiene practices.

ConclusionThis study revealed that although females were more aware of maintaining oral health practices than males, still lack of knowledge and awareness was observed among both the genders in Jazan region. Thus, it is essential to implement various educational and awareness programs regarding oral hygiene practices, so that oral health-related quality of life can be improved.
Arthroscopic Lunate Excision for Stage 3 Kienbock's Disease
Authors: Merlini L. , Maffeis J. , Mathoulin C. , Sivakumar B.S.
Published: September 2023

Background The ideal treatment of stage 3 Kienbock's disease is uncertain, with current open procedures conferring the risk of carpal instability, ulnar translocation, and stiffness. We present our technique of arthroscopic lunate excision, and discuss our short- to medium-term results.

Description of Technique Via standard wrist arthroscopic portals, the lunate is excised using a combination of shavers, burrs, and rongeurs. Care is taken to preserve the extreme dorsal and volar cortices of the lunate to prevent carpal instability. A short arm backslab is applied for 2 weeks, after which the patient commences range of motion.

Patients and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic lunate excision at a single center in Paris, France, underwent pre- and postoperative assessment. Parameters assessed include range of motion, as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results A cohort of 13 patients (7 females and 6 males with a mean age of 27.2 years) underwent arthroscopic lunate excision, and were followed up for a mean of 1.96 years. Significant improvements were noted in flexion, extension, pronation, grip strength, and PROMs.

Conclusions Arthroscopic lunectomy provides significant improvements in clinical and PROMs at short- to medium-term follow-up, and conserves other salvage options in case of failure. Long-term clinical follow-up and further biomechanical studies would be beneficial.
Distal Radioulnar Joint Interposition Arthroplasty for Primary Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthritis
Authors: Carlson Strother Courtney R. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: September 2023

Background Surgical management of the painful, arthritic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) remains challenging, particularly in young, active patients.

Description of Technique Following exposure of the DRUJ through a dorsal longitudinal incision over the DRUJ, suture anchors are evenly placed around the sigmoid notch. The sutures are threaded through the dermal allograft to secure the graft into the sigmoid notch. The volar edges of the allograft are passed from radial to ulnar underneath the distal ulna and secured to the remaining allograft dorsally, reducing the DRUJ and creating a stable interposition arthroplasty.

Patients, Methods, and Results We present a case report of a young, manual laborer who had significant improvement in pain, range of motion, and grip strength 6 months following interposition arthroplasty at the DRUJ. He was able to return to work after completing his rehabilitation following surgery.

Conclusions Dermal allograft interposition arthroplasty may provide reliable pain relief while maintaining pronosupination and stability of the DRUJ in the appropriately selected patient, without the need for lifting restrictions.
Toward a better understanding of a rare fetal heart condition
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: September 2023

Evaluating the dynamics of Double Outlet Right Ventricle can improve treatments and save lives.
A series of plasma innovation technologies by the double glow discharge phenomenon
Authors: Xu Zhong , Wu Hongyan , Huang Jun , Xu Zaifeng , Liu Xiaoping , Zhang Chengyuan , Zhang Bin , Hu Lei
Published: September 2023

In order to break the limitation of plasma nitriding technology, which can only be applied to a few non-metallic gaseous elements, the “double glow discharge phenomenon” was defined and then the “double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology” was invented. This double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology can use any element of the Periodic Table for surface alloying of metallic materials. Countless surface alloys with special physical and chemical properties have been produced on the surfaces of conductive materials. By using the double glow discharge phenomenon, a series of new double glow plasma technologies have been developed to apply to surface metallurgy, graphene technology, brazing, sintering, arc plasma surface alloying, nanotechnology, cleaning, carburizing without hydrogen, and so on. This article briefly introduces the basic principles, functions, and characteristics of each technology. The application prospects and development directions of plasma in metallic materials and the machinery manufacturing industry will also be discussed.
“Days of Sun, Playing, and Dreams”
Authors: Amir Ayala
Published: September 2023

After a brief overview of children’s photography books in Israel, this chapter focuses on photobooks that were shot in
the kibbutzim. Created mostly by local photographers with an insider’s gaze, these books embody the vision of childhood in a rural,
parentless environment protected from the fate of the Oedipal fall and the perils of a changing society. While promoting the vision of
the kibbutz by documenting children’s everyday life, some of these books tap into the loss and deprivation in the realized utopia of
the kibbutz. The three case studies discussed in the chapter, published between 1961–1968, present various interactions between
photographer and writer, images and words, that yielded intricate messages. An analysis of them shows how this variant of the
photobook exploited the qualities of the medium and the genre, which combine realism and nostalgia, in order to reveal the underlying
tensions in the kibbutz’s vision and way of life.
Keynote 2: How our social world shapes physical activity and exercise
Authors: Cruwys Tegan
Published: September 2023

While research on the determinants of physical activity has ostensibly used draws on a biopsychosocial model, in reality, the social determinants of physical activity have been relatively neglected. In my talk, I will provide an overview of the empirical evidence for how social phenomena - including our group memberships, social norms, and leadership - shape peoples' participation in, exertion during, and enjoyment of, physical activity. As well as reviewing the evidence for these effects, my talk will also explore how and why: what are some potential underpinning mechanisms for these robust links? The theoretical and practical implications of these findings will be discussed, with a focus on how social psychology can be harnessed for health behaviour interventions.
S1-3 Creating Active Schools
Authors: Daly-Smith Andy
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The Creating Active Schools Framework was co-developed in June 2019 by 50 national and international stakeholders (teachers, headteachers, active school coordinators, Public Health leads, Active Partnership school leads, UK and international researchers, national sport and education organisations, members of the local delivery pilots). The co-developed CAS programme takes a professional development approach to support schools to review current provision and make evidence-informed decisions to address school policy, environments, and stakeholder behaviour to improve opportunities for children to be physically active (https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-020-0917-z).

Project description

Since conception, the framework has been adopted by practice and has currently scaled to work across 18 localities in England and over 200 schools. As part of this journey, the development of the online profiling tool (https://www.creatingactiveschools.org), a central piece of the intervention approach that places professional development for physical activity at the heart of the school community will be shared. Key learning on drawing partners and stakeholders from across, policy, research and practice together will be provided as well as an overview of the planned wider rollout of CAS (adding a further 20 localities and 200 schools from Sept 2023). Plans for the interdisciplinary evaluation of the implementation of CAS at scale and the cost(effectiveness) of the programme under naturalistic conditions will be provided.

Conclusions

CAS, the UK’s first large-scale whole school physical activity programme, is uniquely placed to provide much-needed evidence to inform government investment and educational reform on how to scale health-based interventions under real-word conditions.
S2-1 Physical literacy in Europe
Authors:   Chair(s):, Carl Johannes , Elsborg Peter
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Most approaches in health-enhancing physical activity with a focus on person-related qualities take a fragmented view on physically, active lifestyles, as they concentrate on unidimensional constructs with an isolated perspective. However, physical literacy (PL) can be described as a holistic and integrative concept that simultaneously considers physical, cognitive, and affective determinants for physical activity. The PL concept has gained momentum in recent years and its promotion has been suggested as a key mechanism within the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 (World Health Organization) for the reduction of worldwide physical inactivity in the future.

Presentations

The present symposium starts with an introduction into the concept, including its history, philosophic underpinnings, and most important assumptions. The findings of the EUROPLIT study will frame the further course of this symposium, as this study comprehensively assessed and compared the situation of PL in research, practice, and policy across Europe. In this context, the present symposium will zoom into the specific situation of three European countries and exemplarily present studies that reflect the national developments of PL. In the first country-specific contribution, Portuguese researchers will report on the current state of PL assessments and PL interventions within their country. In the second country-specific contribution, a research team from different institutions will illustrate how the PL concept guides the design of interventions in Denmark and how these are implemented into practice and policy. In the third country-specific contribution, two Austrian researchers will describe the multi-phase development process of a PL questionnaire for adults in German language.

Q&A

The symposium concludes with a discussion (moderated by the two chairs) on the most relevant blind sports in research, future pathways as well as consequences for practice and policy. In summary, the symposium bridges the gap between research, practice, and policy. Therefore, it can make a major contribution to this years’ conference focus.
S2-2 Characterizing the adoption of physical literacy in research, practice and policy across Europe
Authors: Carl Johannes
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The concept of physical literacy (PL) takes a holistic perspective on physically active lifestyles by simultaneously considering physical, cognitive, and affective/psychological requirements on the personal level. In recent years, PL has undergone a dynamic development globally and Europe is no exception. Yet, there is scant knowledge about the current situation of PL in Europe. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the state of PL implementation in research, policy, and practice across the continent.

Methods

We assembled a panel of 34 experts across 25 European countries (snowballing principle). Drawing on a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (prescribed categories: research, practice/policy). Subsequently, two researchers from different countries submitted the reviews to a four-step document analysis (material reading, data extraction, data analysis, distillation of findings). Finally, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with items reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis to re-validate the qualitative findings.

Results

The document analysis yielded ten disjunct themes (related to the overarching categories “concept”, “research”, “practice/policy”, “future/prospect”). We identified a heterogenous situation of PL in Europe, with anglophone countries tending to better adopt the concept in research, practice, and policy. Research initiatives are largely fragmented within the European countries and scholarly progress often bases on the effort of single researchers. PL plays hardly any role in health agendas on the national level and curricula often list single PL elements without explicitly mentioning PL. In summary, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries, while the implementation state was strongly related to conceptual discussions (e.g., dominance of competing approaches), translation challenges, and country-specific traditions. Nonetheless, the country representatives anticipate an increasing popularity of PL in the future.

Conclusions

Despite the heterogeneous situation in Europe, the analysis has revealed similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should strengthen the academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.

Support/Funding Source

No specific funding.
S2-3 Physical literacy in Portugal: assessment and intervention developments
Authors: Martins João , Carolo Dora , Mota João , Onofre Marcos
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Physical literacy (PL) is being recognized as a key concept to set the foundation for health enhancing physically active lifestyles for all. Portugal is one of the European countries where PL is gaining momentum. This communication aims to present the Portuguese initiatives on PL assessment and intervention developments.

Methods

In a first phase the Portuguese representatives on the EUROPLIT group identified diverse national sources of knowledge on PL research, practice and policy and produced a review. After a four-step data analysis conducted by two researchers on the reviews of 25 European countries, a quantitative survey integrating items that reflected the emerging themes from the overall content analysis was completed. The data related to the state of PL in Portugal is presented.

Results

Portuguese PL research and pedagogical initiatives have been developed since 2016. FMH-ULisboa research group is leading the study and dissemination of PL through the development of PhD projects, the participation in European projects and the implementation of international scientific events. Regarding research efforts, it is highlighted the relevant advances on the study of PL assessment provided by the creation and validation of the Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment instrument. Other Higher Education Institutions are also starting to create quality research on PL development. Intervention studies are missing, two recent innovative intervention projects were identified regarding PL development through blue spaces, and the effect of active breaks on PL and body composition. PL has recently been adopted in political documents and implemented in undergraduate, master, PhD level and Continuous Professional Development initiatives.

Conclusions

The journey of implementing PL is beginning in Portugal. Conceptual, review studies and original research on PL assessment have been developed. Intervention studies are needed. Collaborative partnerships across education, sport and health sectors may be key to move PL forward.
S4-1 Learning from national initiatives from across the EU in HEPA policy monitoring and evaluation
Authors:   Chair(s):, Crone Diane , Vuillemin Anne
Published: September 2023

The monitoring and evaluation of HEPA policy are essential steps towards developing the evidence base to understand the process and impact of policy implementation as well as guide future policy design. The policy development and implementation cycle can be strengthened through effective monitoring and evaluation tools, as well as multi-sectoral engagement. The promotion of physical activity often requires multiple sectors such as public health, sport, urban design etc., and working in diverse settings.

In recent years, researchers and international organizations, such as WHO, have produced useful resources and guidance for monitoring and evaluating the impact of policy on a national level. The fast-growing interest in physical activity policy by national governments, for the purposes of increasing health and wellbeing can provide new opportunities for capturing the impact of HEPA policy and learning from other countries. The lack of available evidence on the process and effectiveness of HEPA policy remains a challenge when developing new policy. This highlights the need for sharing good practice from diverse policy contexts and HEPA settings.

The symposium presentations will discuss policy monitoring and evaluation tools and case studies to investigate the different implementation aspects of national HEPA policy in four EU countries: Germany, Ireland, Slovenia and Wales. The goal of this symposium is to share lessons from the development of instruments used in (physical activity) policy monitoring and evaluation and to present real-world case studies of cross-sector collaboration. The high quality and diversity of the tools and projects presented in the four presentations, makes this symposium beneficial to both novice and experienced researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. The attendees can update their knowledge regarding different methods and instruments used in physical activity policy monitoring and evaluation and learn from engaging multiple sectors in HEPA such as urban design, sport, environment and public health.

Reflections from this symposium will inform and enhance HEPA policy development and implementation in real-time and stimulate future research and practice in this field.
S4-2 Target group specific policy monitoring for physical activity promotion: development of a new tool in Germany
Authors: Messing Sven , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Beck Franziska , Geidl Wolfgang , Grune Eva , Marzi Isabel , Tcymbal Antonina , Reimers Anne , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: September 2023

Purpose

While there are several approaches to collect basic information on physical activity (PA) promotion policies, some governments require more in-depth overviews on the situation in their country. In 2021, the German Federal Ministry of Health expressed its interest in collecting detailed data on target group specific PA promotion, as relevant competences in Germany are distributed across a wide range of political levels and sectors. This study describes a new tool developed to reflect German policymakers’ needs for rapid, adaptable, and target group specific monitoring, with a focus on routine national PA promotion practices.

Methods

Based on relevant national and international guidelines, a tool was co-produced by researchers and ministry officials. It includes (1) PA recommendations, (2) national prevalence rates, (3) recommendations for PA promotion, and data on national (4) routine practices, (5) pilot projects and (6) policies. In a pilot study, data were collected for children and adolescents in Germany using desk research, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis.

Results

A policy brief and scientific background document were developed. Results showed that 46% of the 4–5-year-olds fulfil WHO recommendations but only 15% of the 11–17-year-olds, and that girls are less active than boys. Currently, no valid data are available on the PA behaviour of 0–3-year-olds in Germany. An overview of routine practices for PA promotion for children and adolescents was compiled, and experts were asked to critically assess their effectiveness, reach and durability. Overall, 339 target group specific projects for PA promotion were found, with 22 classified as examples of good practice. National PA policies for children and adolescents were identified across different sectors and settings.

Conclusions

The new tool provides an added value for PA policy monitoring as it is target group specific, has a unique focus on routine practices in PA promotion, and systematically identifies policy gaps. Starting in 2023, it will serve as a conceptual basis for the development of three additional PA policy briefs tendered by the German government. While developed to specifically suit the German context, it has the potential to be adapted to other countries.
S4-3 Protocol for assessing implementation of physical activity policies by national governments using the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI)
Authors: Volf Kevin , Woods Catherine B
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The implementation of physical activity policies has been slow and uneven. As a remedy, the World Health Organization has recommended that national policy implementation should be supported with practical tools and guidance. The Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI) is a tool that allows the extent of policy implementation to be assessed. It comprises a list of good practice policy indicators. These are categorized into eight policy domains targeting aspects of the physical activity environment and seven infrastructure support domains for strengthening physical activity policy systems. This protocol provides researchers with guidance on how to use this tool.

Project

Guided by a protocol developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity / Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS), the PA-EPI protocol. The INFORMAS protocol was modified based on the research teams experience carrying out the first study utilising the PA-EPI tool.

A multi-step process is recommended. This process relies upon the identification of two groups of partners: national policymakers and independent stakeholders tasked with the promotion of physical activity directly and/or indirectly. During the early steps of the process the desk-based research is undertaken to identify information about and evidence of physical activity policy implementation- the PA-EPI Evidence Document. This mapped information is presented to the national policymakers to verify that it is valid and comprehensive. Subsequently, the evidence of implementation is presented to the stakeholders who, using a 5-point Likert scale (1-little or none to 5 high), individually rate the extent of policy implementation in practice. These individual ratings are aggregated and a implementation scorecard is generated displaying the extent of implementation of each of the good practice indicators Stakeholder then engage in an expert workshop to review implementation scores, and identify key policy implementation recommendations which are presented to government.

Conclusions

The process of conducting a policy implementation assessment using the PA-EPI requires the cooperation of several stakeholders as part of a national coalition. It is envisioned that PA-EPI assessments will enable international cross comparison. This will promote learning from international best practice.