bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WTO, A Multilateral Trade Institution or a Parallel Organisation: Reform Initiatives Addressing the WTO Agricultural Trade Distortions to Developing Countries
Authors: Igwe Isaac O. C.
Published: December 2020

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) process and its ethos are fast losing their development objectives. The crisis, challenges and complexities in the implementation of WTO policies on agriculture and market access has not abated. Intellectuals, researchers and academics opine that the implementation of WTO policies have not only encouraged power and development divide between the Industrialised nations and the developing nations, it has worsened the rate of global economic inequality. Although the inclusion of agriculture in the Uruguay Round was taken as a major achievement, the commitment to minimum market access for most protected products, reducing export subsidies and a considerable measure of support, did not do much to lower agricultural protection. The promises made to the developing countries under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) on agriculture, market access, reduction of subsidies/tariffs and implementation issues were limited and not fulfilled. Can the emerging WTO market capacities and alliances lead to a change in the decision-making process? This writing aims to critically analyse the existing WTO legal problems hindering market flows and the incidence of barriers to trade in agriculture being much higher than protection of developing countries farmers which has impacted their development.+ Keywords: WTO; Legal; Agriculture; Implementation; Inequality; Developing Countries; Doha Development Agenda; Decision-marking; Market Access; Development.+
STRATEGY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE GOOD GOVERNANCE (Case study at the Department of Small and Medium Enterprises cooperative Bantul Regency)
Authors: Budiarti Nursani , Suswanta Suswanta
Published: December 2020

The reform of public management will have an impact on the demands of qualifications and competency of human resources in government institutions. Grand Design bureaucracy reform is increasing the capacity and accountability of bureaucratic performance.  Human resources development of government apparatus in the present must be placed and directed at a position that corresponds to the field of duty. This research aims to see the strategy used by the Department of Small and Industrial enterprises of Bantul District to improve the quality of government apparatus to achieve good governance to be achieved a better organizational system. Methods used are qualitative descriptive, the technique of collecting data sources obtained by documentation.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE LEARNING MEDIA MONSAINS (SCIENCE MONOPOLY) IN HUMAN IMGESTION SYSTEM MATERIALS FOR CLASS V SD
Authors: Rusmiaty Evi , Adri Helmia Tasti , Mawardini Annisa
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to develop MONSAINS (Monopoly Science) learning media that is suitable for science learning materials for the fifth grade human digestive system. . The objectives of this study are: (1) To explain the steps for developing the Monopoly Science (MONSAINS) media on the material of the fifth grade human digestive system, (2) to determine the feasibility of developing the Monopolymedia Science (MONSAINS) on the material of the human digestive system in class V SD 3) Adding innovation in the development of learning media. This research is a type of research and development Research and Development (R n D) which is adevelopment model Borg and Gall with 7 stages taken. The media development stages carried out are: (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revision, (6) product testing, (7) product revision . The test subjects were class V MI Pondok Leungsir in the 2020/2021 school year. The instrument used in this study was a validation questionnaire for material experts, media experts, teachers and students. The data analysis used was technical descriptive quantitative analysis. The number of subject trials is limited to only 5 students. The results of the validation that have been carried out obtain a very good category assessment from a scale of 5, the total score is obtained from an average score of 4.0 from material / content experts, an average score of 4.6 by design / media experts, an average score of 4.9 by a class V teacher at MI Pondok Leungsir. In addition, this product also obtained a very good score from an average score of 4.6 on a scale of 5, so it is considered the media to be very interesting and suitable for use by students in the teaching and learning process.
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND COMPETENCE ON BUSINESS MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0. AS WELL AS ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE COMPANY'S PERFORMANCE
Authors: Yulianto Erwin , Ismanto Firman
Published: December 2020

: This research aims to find out and analyze the influence of organizational culture and competence on the business model of industrial revolution 4.0. and its implications on the performance of companies located in bank bjb. Currently, the performance of the bank's Business Work Unit, especially from profit growth indicators, quality of services and quality assets is still volatile and tends to decline. The research method used is descriptive and verifikative analysis. Data collection techniques used are using questionnaires in the field accompanied by literature studies, sampling techniques used, namely Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data analysis techniques using Path Analysis. The results of descriptive analysis showed that in general the culture of the organization and competence fall into a high category, judging by the business model of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. and the company's performance in general is still in the category of sufficient. The results of verifikatif analysis showed that there is an influence of organizational culture and competence on the business model of Industrial Revolution 4.0. both partially and simultaneously in improving the company's performance. In part, competence was more dominant in influencing the implementation of the business model of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The results of the research are expected to be a useful contribution and input for the Bank BJB's Business Work Unit in improving the company's performance, through an in-depth review of organizational culture, competencies, and business models of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
Surface integral and holographic metric
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: December 2020

Holographic metric and focusing
The Second Hand-Reality: Dinamika Komunikasi Jelang Pandemi dan Respons Media
Authors: Alkhajar Eka Nada Shofa
Published: December 2020

Alkhajar, E. N. S. (2020). The Second Hand-Reality: Dinamika Komunikasi Jelang Pandemi dan Respons Media. In E. N. S. Alkhajar & S. H. B. Wijaya (Eds.), Dinamika Komunikasi dalam Pandemi COVID-19 (pp. 2-28). Yogyakarta: KBM Indonesia.
FOTOETNOGRAFIA DA COVID-19: REPRESENTAÇÕES, COMPORTAMENTOS E PERCEPÇÕES NO NORTE DO TOCANTINS
Authors: da Silva Maicon Douglas
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa pretende explorar imagens fotográficas sobre representações, comportamentos e percepções da COVID-19 no Norte do Tocantins. As imagens foram obtidas por estudantes do Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos de Cultura e Território (PPGCULT) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Campus de Araguaína, sob orientação dos professores Sariza O. C. Venâncio e Dernival V. Ramos Júnior, ministrantes da disciplina de Metodologia da Pesquisa em Cultura e Território. Por intermédio do método da fotoetnografia, foi possível elucidar algumas reflexões sobre os impactos e desafios que a pandemia impôs aos sujeitos em alguns municípios na região compreendida como Vales dos Rios Araguaia e Tocantins.
Development of Nipa (Nypa fruticans) Sap Closed Collection Vessel
Authors: Madigal James Paul T. , Calixto Bethany Grace S. , Duldulao Michael , Ubiña Thomas D. , Agrupis Shirley C.
Published: December 2020

The ultimate goal of the present study was to develop a secure, safe, and hygienic nipa sap collection system for bioethanol production, with the aim of preserving its physico-chemical properties such as physical appearance, pH and sugar brix by reducing the rate of fermentation while attached to the peduncle. The developed collection system was evaluated in terms of the physical and chemical properties of nipa sap collected and ethanol yield in comparison to the traditional and existing collection system used by the nipa community which utilizes bamboo shingle as their collector. Physical appearance of the sap collected using the designed collection system had no foreign materials after harvesting while the traditional collection system had shown traces of insect infestation. The sap that was produced for both of the designed and traditional collection system was milky-white and yellowish-white in color respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of pH concentration of the sap collected using the designed collection system compared to the sap collected using the traditional system overtime. Sugar brix of nipa sap collected using designed collection system is significantly higher than the sap collected using traditional system. A total ethanol yield of 32.25% and 75.54% was obtained for the designed and traditional collection system respectively. Cost Analysis revealed that the designed collection system was found to be cheaper (PhP 11.93) than the traditional collection system (PhP. 20.00). The developed closed collection system can preserved the chemical properties of the nipa sap and could prevent acceleration of fermentation and the deterioration of its potential to yield more ethanol.
Dinamika Peradaban Global
Authors: Umanailo M Chairul Basrun
Published: December 2020

Peradaban memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan kebudayaan. Kebudayaan pada hakikatnya adalah hasil cipta, rasa, dan karsa manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Kemampuan cipta (akal) manusia menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan. Kemampuan rasa manusia melalui alat-alat indranya menghasilkan beragam barang seni dan bentuk-bentuk kesenian. Sedangkan karsa manusia menghendaki kesempurnaan hidup, kemuliaan, dan kebahagiaan sehingga menghasilkan berbagai aktivitas hidup manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN TERUTAMA BAGI PELAJAR
Authors: AMINI NOR AISYAH
Published: December 2020

Pandemi covid-19 tentunya bukan hanya merenggut nyawa banyak manusia, tetapi juga menyebabkan berbagai sektor harus melakukan perombakan kebijakan agar kegiatan bisa terus berjalan. Salah satu sektor yang terdampak adalah sektor pendidikan dimana pemerintah harus mengubah sistem pembelajaran yang semulanya dilaksanakan di dalam kelas menjadi pembelajaran dengan sistem daring atau secara online. Hal ini tentunya tidak dapat diterima langsung oleh seluruh pelajar dan orang tua yang ada di Indonesia. Pembelajaran daring ini menyebabkan banyak pelajar yang tertekan dalam segi psikis maupun jasmaninya karena ketidaksiapan dan ketidak mampuan dalam menghadapi perubahan sistem pembelajaran ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan beberapa dampak yang dialami para pelajar dan para orang tua akibat dari sistem pembelajaran daring ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian literatur yang mana semua hasil penelitian diperoleh dari kajian-kajian yang berasal dari beberapa artikel terkait serta diambil dari kejadian-kejadian yang memang terjadi di sekitar penulis dimana penelitian ini menunjukkan dampak dampak dari pembelajaran daring seperti banyaknya siswa yang merasa tertekan bahkan depresi karena tidak bisa mengikuti pembelajaran dengan baik atau juga karena proses adaptasi yang berjalan lambat, munculnya stres akademik yang berakibat pada menurunnya prestasi siswa, kesulitan memahami pelajaran karena kondisi lingkungan yang kurang kondusif, kurangnya interaksi antar siswa dengan teman-teman dan gurunya yang menyebabkan siswa menjadi jenuh dan tidak bersemangat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, hingga dampak bagi kesehatan mata siswa karena terlalu lama berada di depan monitor. Namun, pembelajaran daring ini juga menjadikan hubungan siswa dan orang tuanya menjadi lebih erat karena siswa mempunyai waktu lebih banyak untuk berkumpul bersama keluarga.
Impact of a Single School-Based Intervention for COVID-19 on Improving Mental Health
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Masuyama Akihiro , Shinkawa Hiroki , Sugawara Daichi
Published: December 2020

An underlying concern about the COVID-19 pandemic is that the mental health of children will decline. The present study aimed to investigate whether a single school-based intervention, including self-monitoring and psychoeducation for COVID-19, effectively achieved its aim to promote children’s mental health. The study was conducted in a junior high school. We assigned the third grade as the intervention group, second grade as the announcement group, and first grade, the control group. We hypothesized that the intervention group would experience improved mental health and reduced fear of COVID-19, when compared to the announcement and control groups. Interaction effects were observed only for depression, indicating a significant intervention effect in the intervention group. These findings suggest that a single school-based intervention that includes self-monitoring and psychoeducation for COVID-19 can help to improve children’s mental health. It is suggested that school-based interventions that intend to raise children's awareness of COVID-19 promote healthy development and adaptation within the school.
Perasaan Anak yang Lulus di Era Covid-19
Authors: Fitriyana Amalia
Published: December 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu apa perasaan peserta didik ketika Ujian Nasional dihapuskan pada tahun akhir pembelajaran mereka. Penelitian ini juga mentitik beratkan pada pembelajaran secara daring melalui rumah akibat wabah Covid-19 dan mencari tahu apa saja dampaknya jika peserta didik harus menghadapi pembelajaran melalui rumah. Ketika wabah terjadi, semua sistem Pendidikan dilaksanakan dirumah, dan kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah dilaksanakan. Ujian Nasional yang seharus dilaksanakan para siswa dibatalkan dan memberi dampak tersendiri bagi siswa tersebut, apalagi bagi mereka yang telah mempersiapkannya jauh-jauh hari. Penelitian ini juga mencari sisi positif apa yang ada ketika Ujian Nasional tersebut dihapus, khususnya bagi psikis sang anak, maupun Pendidikan secara keseluruhan.AbstractThis study aims to find out what students feel when the National Examination is abolished at the end of their learning year. This research also focuses on learning online through the home due to Covid-19 and finding out what the effects will be if students have to face learning at home. When an outbreak occurs, all education systems are implemented at home, and government policies are implemented. The National Examination that was supposed to be carried out by students was canceled and had a special impact on these students, especially for those who had prepared it in advance. This research also looks for the positive side of what existed when the National Examination was removed, especially for the child's psychology, as well as for education as a whole.
STUDI LITERATUR PADA KEPERCAYAAN DIRI INDIVIDU TERKAIT MOTIVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS BELAJAR
Authors: Hanifa Indah Mutia
Published: December 2020

Menghadapi tantangan pada era globalisasi ini menuntut kita untuk terus berkembang dalam segala hal, tak terkecuali daya manusia sendiri. Manusia yang berkualitas mampu membawa nama bangsa dalam persaingan kancah dunia. Banyak faktor yang dapat merealisasikan hal ini, yakni layanan pendidikan serta pertimbangan bakat, minat, dan kemampuan serta kecerdasan dari individu terkait. Perwujudannya melalui hal-hal sederhana seperti komitmen terhadap tugas dan kewajibannya yang mencakup mengerjakan tugas dengan mengerahkan usaha terbaiknya serta penetapan tujuan dan strategi yang spesifik. Seyogyanya ini dapat dikendalikan oleh individu tersebut, yakni rasa kepercayaan diri yang memondasikan penelitian ini, kemudian motivasi berprestasi turut menyertai. Pencapaian-pencapaian kecil dari wujud rasa percaya diri itu diharapkan mampu menilai apa yang dimilikinya dan mengembangannya untuk mencapai keberhasilankeberhasilan lain. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah bagaimana penerapan kepercayaan ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar setiap yang dilakukan oleh individu berdampak baik untuknya maupun untuk orang lain sehingga terciptanya rasa kebanggaan itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan yakni kajian literatur dimana penulis mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber kemudian menyimpulkan hasil dari pokok pembahasan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan tingkat kepercayaan diri yang tinggi dapat menumbuhkan semangat berprestasi yang dimulai dari dalam diri tiap individu terlebih dahulu sehingga dapat memotivasi lingkungan di sekitarnya.
Equivalent approaches to dealing with unobserved heterogeneity in cross-lagged panel models? Investigating the Benefits and Drawbacks of the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals and the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model
Authors: Andersen Henrik Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Panel models in structural equation modeling that combine static and dynamic components for investigating reciprocal relations while controlling for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity are becoming increasingly popular. Recently, the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals and the Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model were suggested as ‘residual-level’ versions of the more traditional Autoregressive Latent Trajectory and Dynamic Panel Models, respectively. Their main benefit is that they allow for a more straightforward interpretation of the trajectory factors. It is not widely known, however, that the residual-level models place potentially strong assumptions on the initial conditions, i.e., the process that was occurring before the observation period began. If the process under investigation is nonstationary (e.g., growing exponentially), has not been going on for long enough to reach equilibrium, or has been ‘knocked’ out of equilibrium, potentially due to an intervention, then the residual-level models are not appropriate. This is shown analytically and with demonstrations using real data. A simple amendment is suggested to relax the assumptions on the initial conditions while retaining the models’ beneficial aspects.
Poverty
Authors: O'Connor Alice
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the role of social scientific expertise in the emergence of poverty as a problem and a priority for public intervention in the United States during the 1960s. That the social scientific experts defined “the poverty problem” narrowly, as a problem of individuals lacking income or otherwise caught in a “cycle of poverty,” can be understood in terms of a series of historical transformations that played out in overlapping processes of disembedding: of social science from social reform; of economic from social and political knowledge; and of poverty from the study of structured patterns and experiences of stratification and inequality. The structurally disembedded, individualized concept of poverty that emerged from these transformations presented Great Society liberal reformers with a legible problem that they could fix without recourse to major reforms. It would eventually be recast by neoliberal reformers to justify a more ideological form of disembedding that shifted the boundaries of responsibility for dealing with poverty from the social and the public to the individual and personal.
Effects of anemia on pregnancy outcomes at Manipal Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mahato Vibha , Shrestha Pravin
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting the pregnant women in the developing countries like Nepal. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identifying anemia in pregnancy and knowing its common complications will help improve maternal quality care.

Objectives: The objective - was to  assess the effects of anemia on pregnancy outcome at Manipal Teaching Hospital

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital from September 2019 to April 2020. A total of 200 anemic pregnantladies  attending obstetrics Out Patient Department were selected.Hemoglobinlevel was taken as criteria for deciding anemia and  to classify  severity of anemia.Anemia in pregnancy is defined by World Health Organization as hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl, and hemoglobin concentration of 10–10.9 g/dl, 7–9.9 g/dl, and <7 g/ dl was considered as mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively . All were treated depending on severity of anemia and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Data was collected in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.

Result: We found moderate anemia in 129 (64.5%) cases followed by mild in 61(30.5%) and severe in 10(5%) cases. Common maternal complications in anemic patients werepremature rupture of membranein 30 (15%) cases and Urinary Tract Infection in 30(15%) cases.During puerperiumPostpartum Hemorrhage was observed in 12(6%) and wound infection in 9 (4.5%) cases of anemic patient. High incidence of adverse fetal outcome in the form of preterm in 39 (19.5%), Intrauterine growth restrictionin 23(11.5%), Intensive Care Unitadmission in28(14%),low birth weight in41(20.5%) and Intrauterine Death in4(2%) cases of anemic patients were seen.

Conclusion: Maternal infection and adverse perinatal outcome in form of intrauterine growth restriction, Intensive Care Unitadmission, low birth weight and perinatal death were significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy.
Diocesan Synod from the Catholic and Lutheran Perspectives
Authors: Kroczek Piotr
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the institutions of diocesan synod in the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church and that of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in the Republic of Poland are very similar. The method to achieve the aim is the comparable analysis of the legal provisions of the fundamental laws of the Churches which refer to diocesan synod. The general conclusion is that the institutions of diocesan synod seen in the two perspectives are completely incompatible. They are different institutions.
Poezja w podroży i translatorskie synopsis. Komentarz do Bibliografii przekładów literatury chorwackiej w Polsce w 2018 roku
Authors: Majdzik Papić Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

This article summarizes and discusses the body of translations from Croatian literature published in Poland in 2018. The most significant offering to appear on the Polish market that year was a multilingual collection of mid-career poetry by Dorta Jagić entitled The Portrait of The Body, containing Croatian originals and their translations into Polish (by M. Wierzbicka) and English (by D. Šodan, M. Đurđević). “Synoptic” editions (bilingual or multilingual) allow the reader to view both the original and its translation, which has three major benefits: it contributes to a better circulation of texts; enables deziluzionist reading (the awareness of the difference between the original and the translation); and establishes an intertextual bond between the collected texts.
Komentar k pregledu slovenskih prevodov poljske literaturę v letu 2018/Komentarz do słoweńskich przekładów literatury polskiej z 2018 roku
Authors: Unuk Jana
Published: December 2020

W artykule dokonano przeglądu słoweńskich przekładów literatury polskiej wydanych w 2018 roku. W tym czasie ukazało się siedem tytułów: dwie powieści, dwa tomiki poetyckie, broszura festiwalowa oraz dwie ilustrowane książki dla młodszych czytelników. Mimo wciąż niewielkich możliwości publikacji recenzji literatury tłumaczonej przełożone w 2018 roku tytuły wzbudziły wyjątkowe zainteresowanie krytyków literackich i recenzentów, które utrzymywało się również w 2019 roku. Jeśli chodzi o wydany w 2017 roku przekład powieści historycznej Olgi Tokarczuk Księgi Jakubowe, można mówić o nieco spóźnionej reakcji czytelników, gdyż w dużej mierze datuje się ją na 2019 rok. Słoweńscy krytycy literaccy niejednokrotnie poszukują w przekładach współczesnych polskich prozaików sygnałów aktualnych wydarzeń społecznych, a nawet politycznych. Niemniej w ostatnim czasie, zwłaszcza po 2018 roku, z zaskoczeniem obserwuje się większe zainteresowanie wydawców poezją. Prócz wyborów wierszy ukazują się także osobne tomiki poetyckie, a nawet dzieła zebrane. Trudno jednak przewidzieć, czy ten trend się utrzyma w przyszłości. Literaturą współczesną i najnowszą, w tym i poezją, zainteresowane są słoweńskie czasopisma literackie (tradycyjne i internetowe), a przede wszystkim literackie audycje radiowe.
Zawieszenie rekrutacji w szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Kierznowski Łukasz
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to compare the admissibility of suspending (and in fact — annulling, abandoning) already announced and commenced recruitment in higher education, as recently approved in the case law of administrative courts, with the requirements of the constitutional principle of protecting trust in the state and law and the second degree principles derived from it, as well as to demonstrate the effects on the legal position of the individual of the consolidation of such a position and its dissemination in university recruitment resolutions in connection with new statutory regulations in the area of law on higher education and science. The study makes use of the scientific literature on constitutional and administrative law, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal and administrative courts, and, auxiliary, other sources.
W sprawie sposobu głosowania podczas posiedzeń komisji bądź podkomisji prowadzonych z wykorzystaniem środków komunikacji elektronicznej umożliwiających porozumiewanie się na odległość
Authors: Chybalski Piotr
Published: December 2020

The subject of the opinion is the legal assessment of voting procedure, as well as confirmation of presence at such committee sittings, in which some Deputies partake in a traditional way (in person in the meeting room), while others take advantage of a remote participation on the basis of Part III of the Standing Orders of the Sejm titled “Sittings of the Sejm, committees and subcommittees with the use of electronic means enabling remote communication”. The author of the opinion claims that rules of the above part of the Standing Orders, despite their detailed scope, do not provide a complete answer to the question about the way of conducting “mixed” committee sittings, i.e., with a partial traditional participation of Deputies and a partial remote one. Thus it is necessary to apply, to some extent, a functional legal interpretation.
W sprawie oświadczeń majątkowych radnych
Authors: Gierach Ewelina
Published: December 2020

The opinion concerns the issue of submitting asset declarations by commune councillors, in particular: assessment of the admissibility of referring to a copy of PIT in selected sections of the asset declaration, indication of the total income obtained from several sources of employment, as well as too general indication of the place of employment. The scope of the opinion also covers the ssue of the mode of verification of asset declarations and the issue of admissibility of combining the function of a municipal councillor with the employment as a manager or deputy manager in municipal company with a 100% shareholding in the municipality.
Historical aspects, morphological-biological and agro-technological features of cultivation of tulip varieties (Tulipa (L.) for the purpose of further use in gardening
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Polishchuk V.V. , Kalyuzhna L.V.
Published: December 2020

The evaluation of 50 introduced tulip genotypes (Tulipa (L.) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were made by the Department of Horticulture of Uman National University of Horticulture into groups, classes, where different varieties, mainly of foreign selection were represented according to their decorative qualities, basic economic and biological features and grouped into a collection. The indicators concerning the phonological phases of development of introduced plants in the context of individual varieties of tulips and on average by years of research carried out and generalized. A brief agrobiological and decorative characteristics of collection varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, which are included in further research on the cultivation and reproduction of promising varieties is given/ Bulbs of all introduced varieties were planted in late September, namely on the 25th-27th, so that they would be fully rooted. before the first frosts, It should be noted that first of all, small fractions of bulbs were planted, sticking them into the loose soil at the bottom of the furrow made only with a distance of 6–8 cm from each other. However, we also took into account the factor that small bulbs were planted somewhat denser at depth, which is usually three times the height of the bulb. The plant survival stage was completed within 2–3 weeks. For processing we have chosen a site in the botanical nursery of the Department of Horticulture, where there are no stagnant floods and rainwater. During its preparation, a large fraction of river sand was applied for better moisture throughput, and with a small excess it can be easily removed. Later, when the soil actually freezes to a small depth, namely 1–3 cm, the experimental area was mulched with 3–5 cm sawdust and in the spring the mulch was raked. The experimental area was completely protected from cold winds, which in turn didn’t shorten the flowering period and didn’t actually weaken the plants. Field observations on the resistance of different varieties of tulips to gray rot in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were carried out and it was found that the infection of the studied genotypes was at a low and very low level, despite the contrasting conditions of different years of study. In early spring seedlings were sprayed with fungicides to prevent gray rot.
Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of sesame flour for the production of special bakery products
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kononenko L. M. , Yevchuk Ya. V. , Voitovska V.I. , Tretiakova S. O.
Published: December 2020

On a global scale, work is constantly be carried out to create functional products, which have a wider spectrum of action, as well as a narrow focus on a specific organ, disease or category of the population. One of the possible ways to improve the nutritional structure of the population of our country is the use of non-traditional raw materials, food additives, and complex bakery improvers in the production of bakery products. These raw materials must contain a significant amount of easily digestible protein, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals and nutrients. The purpose of the study was to study the feasibility of using non-traditional raw materials for baking - sesame seed flour, assessing its chemical composition, for further use in the baking industry in developing technology for bakery products with altered chemical composition and preventive properties. The definition of fats allowed to establish the following pattern: in black their content was 38.2 g, white 37.1 g, in dark and light brown — 35.4 and 36.4 g, gold — 36.8 g. Carbohydrate content varied from 26.87 g for black, up to 26.50 g for gold. In the studied samples, the water content did not vary significantly and was in the range of 0.7 and 0.8 g. Ash compounds ranged from 4.0 g to 4.5 g. It was found that the highest content of basic nutrients in the studied samples was the highest in black and white sesame seeds. The content of vitamins B2 and B5, depending on the color in sesame had the following indicators: black — 0.298 and 3.090 mg, white — 0.285 and 2.925, dark and light brown — 0.267 and 2.725 and 0.245 and 2.565 mg, and gold — 0.275 and 2, 815 mg. The results of research in the determination of Cu in sesame flour indicate that its content was as follows: black — 1611 mcg, w
Growth and yield of garlic depending on the variety in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Ulyanych E.I. , Yatsenko V.V. , Shevchuk K.M. , Ostapenko N.O
Published: December 2020

Adaptive capacity of new varieties of garlic Prometei and Liubasha and to samples №102, №105 и №53 in open field was experimentally developed, tested, generalized, and proven in current article in the Right Bank forest Steppe of Ukraine. Using of new varieties and samples of garlic forced germination. There was an increase in the growth and development of garlic speeding up growth and plant developing due to increasing number of leaves at 1–2 leaves per plant, sheet plate area and common leaves surface to (5,4–8,9 sq. cm. and 13,1–19,4 thousand sq. m per ha). Sheet plate area of leaves samples №102 – 51.0 cm2, №105 – 50.9 cm2, №53 – 50.0 cm2 had a large leaf area, which dominated the control variety Sofievsky. The area of winter garlic leaves was the largest in samples №53 and №105 — 16.7 thousand m2/ha and exceeded the control variety Sofiyivsky by 8.9 thousand m2/ha. It is established, that new varieties and samples increased bulb and clove weight. Higher weight was received due to varieties Prometei and Liubasha (48,2–49,6 g) and due to samples №102, №105 and №53 (49,2–42,3 g). It was significant higher compare to control with growth from 3,3 to 3,9 g. The weight of clove was from 2,3 to 2,8 g and was significant higher then control at 0,9–1,4 g in accordance. It is established that the yield of varieties and varieties of winter garlic did not have a huge difference in numbers and a slightly higher yield was observed in 2020 for all varieties and cultivars compared to 2019. It is proved that a significant increase in commodity yield of garlic was obtained for the cultivation of Prometei and Liubasha varieties, where the yield was 9.1–9.2 t/ha, which is in addition to the control of 1.9–2.0 t/ha. The best yield indicator shows the sample №53 in 2020 – it is 9.4 t/ha. However, the average yield for two years is the best in samples №53 and №105 – it is 8.7 t/ha, which is 1.5 t/ha higher than the varieties Sofievsky control indicator.
Phenological evaluation of the established somaclonal line of camelina sativa resistant to salt and osmotic stress
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Liubchenko A. I.
Published: December 2020

The biological features of сamelina sativa make it possible to grow it in different soil and climatic conditions with high economic efficiency, to obtain environmentally friendly products and make full use of the natural potential of the region. Camelina oil is used for the production of varnishes, paints, soaps, plastics, biodiesel. It is also used for dietary and medical nutrition. The introduction of high-yielding adaptive varieties is the main condition for increasing the production of camelina sativa. Biotechnological methods are used to increase the efficiency of the selection process. Plant forms obtained by biotechnological methods must be evaluated according to a set of economically valuable traits. The length of the growing season is one of the main breeding characteristics of crop varieties. The aim of the work was to analyze the duration of the vegetation period and phenological phases of development of the created somaclonal lines of, resistant to salt and osmotic stress. Phenological evaluation of somaclonal lines of сamelina sativa obtained from explants of Stepovyi 1, Peremoha, Klondike and Yevro 12 varieties was performed during 2018–2020. Created by cell selection, stress-resistant plant material (sodium chloride, mannitol) plant material after microclonal propagation, rooting and adaptation was grown in the research areas of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Uman National University of Horticulture. The analysis of the duration of the vegetation period and phenological phases of development of somaclonal lines of сamelina sativa resistant to salinity and osmotic stress was performed. It is established that the lack of moisture and elevated air temperatures contribute to the acceleration of the phases of ontogenesis and the reduction of the total growing season. The duration of «sowing-germination» period plants over the years of research, depending on the genotype, varied from 9 to 13 days, the formation of the rosette — from 8 to 13 days, the period of stalking and budding — from 18 to 20 days, the duration of flowering — from 8 to 27 days, the phase of the green pod — from 13 to 15 days, the period from the beginning of pod browning to the onset of full ripeness of seeds — from 26 to 31 days. The vegetation period of the created samples of сamelina sativa in 2018 averaged 80 days, in 2019 — 89 days and in 2020 — 88 days. According to the Methodology of examination of сamelina sativa for difference, homogeneity, stability the obtained data make it possible to rank the created somaclonal plant lines by the duration of the growing season on medium- ripening – C-234-8, C-326-9, C-402-6, С-419-6, С-586-7, П-46-2, П-46-5, П-202-6, П-202-7, П-248-8, П-485-4, П-618-6, П-646-3, П-658-8, Є-405-5, Є-405-8, K-478-2, K-480-2, K-480-4 and late-ripening – C-87-4, C-87-7, C-121-2, C-121-11, C-384-4.
Water-holding capacity of sugar beet depending on fertilizers
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Hospodarenko H.M. , Martyniuk A.T.
Published: December 2020

The results of a field experiment held on podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, studying the effect of various fertilization systems on the water-holding capacity of sugar beet, are presented. It was found that the change in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition has a different effect on this indicator when closing the leaves of sugar beet plants between rows and during the harvest time. Half-dead cattle manure KRS on straw bedding aw well as mineral fertilizers, namely aqueous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate, mixed potassium salt, potassium chloride, ANP fertilizer grade A and liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0 were used during the experiment. Manure was applied at a dose of 40 t / ha and mineral fertilizers – N120Р120К120. Fertilizers were applied in August during fall plowing, as well as in late autumn (at the end of October) together with moldboard-free loosening of the soil to a depth of 14–16 cm and in spring –under pre-sowing cultivation. The dynamics of the intensity of water return was monitored by cut sugar beet leaves under conditions of rapid natural evaporation by weighing them every 0.5, 1 and 2 hours (according to Arland's method). It was found that the leaves of sugar beet, both with insufficient and unbalanced nitrogen nutrition, have a weak water-holding capacity during the growing season. Improving phosphorus nutrition, especially when applying liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0, helps increase the water-holding capacity of sugar beet plants throughout the growing season. Replacing potassium chloride with potassium salt mixed as part of a complete mineral fertilizer significantly increases the water-holding capacity of sugar beets due to the better provision with sodium. This is particularly evident in the second half of the growing season. With the age of sugar beet plants, a distinct decrease in the intensity of water loss is observed regardless of fertilization, which can be explained by an increase in the content of bound water due to a rise of the amount of dry matter.
Comparison of Laser and Emission Based Optical Probe Techniques
Authors: Lo William K. , Kasapi Steven , Wilsher Kenneth R.
Published: December 2020

Two optical techniques are currently available for making at-speed timing measurements through the backside of CMOS integrated circuits: Laser Voltage Probing and Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis. These techniques differ significantly in many ways, including potential for invasiveness, Silicon-On- Insulator probing capability, acquisition times versus test pattern loop length, data acquisition mode, and prospects for probing at the .0.1 ƒÊm nodes. This paper compares and contrasts these techniques so that their relative merits and limitations can be better understood.
Integration of SQUID Microscopy into FA Flow
Authors: Dias Rajen , Skoglund Lars , Wang Zhiyong , Smith David
Published: December 2020

Scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy using high-TC SQUID sensor has been slowly gaining acceptance in the failure analysis (FA) community as a number of silicon device manufacturers are applying the tool and technique to an ever-broadening spectrum of silicon technologies for detecting the location of leakage and short failures by imaging the current path through the die and package. This paper will present the application of scanning SQUID microscopy to short isolation on die and explore the integration of this technique into the FA flow. From the examples presented in this paper, it can be seen that die level short isolation has been possible even when the separation from SQUID sensor to current is about 800-900µm. Several potentially useful techniques that will increase the accuracy of locating the die level short nondestructively are also discussed.
TDR Analysis of Advanced Microprocessors
Authors: Bethke David , Seifert Wayland
Published: December 2020

Time Domain Reflectrometry or TDR is an analytical technique used to determine the impedance and electrical length of conductors. This relatively inexpensive technique utilizes a pulse card and digital oscilloscope whereby the reflected signal amplitude from an initiating pulse is measured versus time. The technique is useful for characterizing the impedance of a conductor in the time domain, and has traditionally been employed in board level analysis. More recently, TDR has been shown to be useful in electrically isolating integrated circuit package failures1. Historically, open failures on non-flip chip devices were resolved through relatively straight-forward, low risk methods in a failure analysis lab. Typically, root cause analysis involved simple verification on a curve tracer, non-destructive inspection using X-Ray imaging, chemical, thermal or mechanical decapsulation, optical and electron microscopy and as necessary, the use of mechanical probe isolation. The implementation of advanced flip chip package technology rendered the traditional isolation methodologies inadequate. After verification and X-ray inspection, a decision had to be made prior to subsequent destructive physical analysis as to the most probable failure location. Since the board interconnects, board interposer, and bump locations were not geometrically aligned, isolation of opens through physical cross-sectioning became risky, tedious and lengthy. These constraints were overcome through the use of TDR analysis. The authors have successfully incorporated the TDR technique into AMD’s microprocessor failure analysis flow, improving success rate, reducing risk and decreasing turn-around time. The paper will include a brief description of TDR theory and hardware, technical barriers that the authors encountered during implementation, sample preparation as well as details where the technique was successfully employed in failure isolation. The remaining portion of this paper provides illustrative examples where TDR was effectively utilized in the analysis of slot A cards, ceramic flip chip PGA pins, and internal package trace failures.
Backside Etch: A New FA Technique for Gate Oxide Pinhole and Si Defect Identification for Power IC Devices
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng
Published: December 2020

The present paper describes a backside F/A technique that identifies power IC devices’ Iqcc (quiescent Vcc current) failure mechanisms. Choline hydroxide[1, 2] is used to expose the entire die back, keeping gate oxide intact. The perspective gained from the backside etch allows an analyst to quantitatively observe gate oxide defects as well as Si defects. It is discovered that either one of them can cause the same Iqcc failure. More than 60 dice can be prepared on one specimen in 2-3 hrs. Another advantage of this technique over conventional top delayering or precision crosssection process is that no SEM work is necessary, only optical microscope is needed to identify defects with typical size of 0.1 μm.
Failure Analysis of Plasma-Induced Submicron CMOS IC Yield Loss by Backside Photoemission Microscopy
Authors: Wu Zong Min , Oh Chong Khiam , Neo Soh Ping , Redkar Shailesh
Published: December 2020

Backside photoemission microscopy [1-2] was used to analyze the major yield loss of a communication product fabricated with submicron CMOS process --- functional failures of phase-lock-loop (PLL). The PLL block was covered by five metal layers and three of them were bulk metals. Based upon the backside photoemissions detected on the capacitor structures within the PLL block and the ruptures observed at the emission spots on the polysilicon and gate oxide or of the capacitor after physical deprocessing, the failure was proved due to the capacitor gateoxide breakdown. This was believed to be caused by the plasma-induced-damage during high-density-plasma (HDP) CVD oxide deposition after the front-end processes, as only the lots from one HDP-CVD deposition equipment have very high percentage PLL functional failure. Subsequent machine commonality check did find non-uniform inter layer dielectric (ILD) thickness from this equipment, which indicated the non-uniform plasma intensity occurred during the ILD film deposition. This was further confirmed by the finding of a worn-out gas-shower-head in this system. The abnormal high density of plasma created extra charging and caused the PLL poly capacitor’s gate oxide breakdown due to the antenna effect. After replacing the gasshower- head, the failure was disappeared and yield was back to normal. Through this low yield analysis, we demonstrated an effective application of backside photoemission microscopy to fab yield improvement.
Failure Types & Analysis In Cu Process Development of Design-Rule 0.18μm CPU
Authors: Jeong DongKwon , Ahn JuHyeon , Lee SangIn , Chung JooHyuk , Park ByungLyul , Nam JeongLim , Hah SangRok , Lee Kyung-Tae , Lee Soocheol
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the problems, the solutions, and the development state of the novel 0.18 μm Cu Metal Process through failure analysis of the Alpha CPU under development at Samsung Electronics. The presented problems include : “Via Bottom Lifting” induced by the Cu Via void, “Via Bottom dissociation” due to the IMD stress, “Via side dissociation” due to the poor formation of the Barrier Metal, “Via short/not-open failure” due to the IMD lifting, and Cu metal Corrosion/Loss. The analysis was carried out on the Via Contact Test Chain Patterns, using the “Electron (ION) Charge Up” method. After carefully analyzing each of the failure types, process improvement efforts followed. As a result, the pass rate of the via contact Rc was brought up from a mere 20% to 95%, and the device speed higher than 1.1 GHz was achieved, which surpasses the target speed of 1 GHz.
TEM Examination of a Specified Site Identified by X-SEM in Microelectronics Failure Analysis
Authors: Dai J.Y. , Tee S.F. , Tay C. L. , Ansari S. , Er E. , Redkar S.
Published: December 2020

In semiconductor failure analysis, there is a demand that after mechanical polishing and scanning electron microcopy (SEM) examination, the failure site needs to be analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) for a detailed examination to find the root cause. In this paper, a fast and practical TEM sample preparation method for TEM examination of specific site identified by cross-section scanning electron microscope (SEM) is demonstrated for further structural analysis.