bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Films with the Addition of Anthocyanin Extract from Butterfly Pea for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Khanifah Siti , Legowo Alda Dwi Karina , Sholihun Sholihun , Nugraheni Ari Dwi
Published: August 2023

Composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) polymers, with the addition of anthocyanin (AN) obtained from the butterfly pea flower, were prepared using drop-casting. The composites were made by adding different concentrations of 5–40% anthocyanin with 5 wt.% PVA and 2 wt.% CH solutions (weight ratio of PVA/CH is 80:20). These polymers solution was mixed at 80 °C and dried using the drop-casting method at 25 °C for 48 h. The composites were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis spectroscopy), contact angle, antibacterial properties, and food packaging applications. The morphology obtained using an SEM showed that the PVA/CH surface with AN and glycerol was smoother than that of PVA/CH. The increased absorption at a wavelength of 650–700 nm from UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed the success addition of AN. The contact angles of PVA/CH/AN and PVA/CH/GS/AN films were 15°–66°, which showed that the films were hydrophilic. The simple antibacterial test with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed 16 mm inhibition zone by adding AN. The test results of these characteristics show the potential for using PVA/CH/AN and PVA/CH/GS/AN composite film to be used as an excellent development food packaging material.
Performance Assessment: Influence of Sorbate-Sorbent Interphase Using Magnetite Modified Graphene Oxide to Improve Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Oluwasina Olayinka Oluwaseun , Fahmi Mochamad Zakki , Oluwasina Olugbenga Oludayo
Published: August 2023

The adsorption of brilliant green onto magnetite-graphene oxide nanoparticles (MGONPs) from an aqueous solution was explored via batch experiments. The adsorption properties of MGONPs were carried out under various experimental conditions related to pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature, and initial adsorbate concentration. The adsorption capacity of MGONPs and optimum pH were 54.57 mg g−1 and 6, respectively. Equilibrium was attained after 30 min, and the adsorption kinetics data best fitted the pseudo-second-order. The Freundlich isotherm best fits the equilibrium. Acetone was able to desorb the dye from the loaded adsorbent. Additionally, the newly developed adsorption attributes effective surface area (eSBET) and dimensionless preferential adsorption (qp) were more accurate than the conventional specific surface area (SBET). The adsorption capacity provides information about the sorbate-sorbent interface (q). The relevance and accuracy of the new parameters for future adsorption system design by correlation analysis were validated. This study confirms the successful modification of MGONPs for the sorption of the cationic dye brilliant green.
Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent
Authors: Nitti Fidelis , Ati Wendelina Archangela , De Rozari Philiphi , Ola Pius Dore , Tambaru David , Kadang Luther
Published: August 2023

The development of a simple yet greener microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) for on-site detection of Mn(II) in various types of waters using tannin as a natural reagent was described. The μ-PAD consists of twelve detection zones, created on a Whatman Number 1 filter paper by a simple drawing technique using an acrylic watercolor. The detection of Mn(II) was based on the color change on the reaction zone due to the reaction between Mn(II) and the pre-deposited tannin. The μ-PAD image was captured by a portable smartphone detector, and the blue intensity was digitized using a color picker application to generate the reflectance as the analytical response. The proposed method was characterized by a linear dynamic range of 0.05–0.25 mg L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) for the determination of Mn(II) of 0.026 mg L−1. The other analytical merits of the proposed method, such as precision (RSD, 1.107%), accuracy (E, 6.697%), and recovery (104–112%), were all comparable to the existing spectrophotometric methods. The method’s successful application to natural water samples from manganese mining sites aligns with the reference spectrophotometric method, indicating its good selectivity and accuracy without significant influence of commonly associated interfering ions.
A Sustainable synthesis, eco-safe approach efficiency and DFT study of novel 5,6,7,8-Tetrahyroquinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as antioxidant reagents
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Abed , Fahmy Amin Farouk Mohamed , Zangana Emad Khelil Mohammed , Hassaballah Aya Ibrahim , Rizk Sameh Ahmed
Published: August 2023

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinazolin-2-(thio)-ones (THQ) fits the class of N-heterocycles as a structural core in numerous bioactive compounds. They promptly extended previous decades. They were significantly recognized in combinatorial chemistry and materials science to determine the drug discovery, antioxidants, and pharmaceuticals fields. In the present work, one-pot multicomponent sustainable synthesis of THQ with easily accessible starting materials, i.e., cyclohexanone, different aromatic aldehydes and (thio)urea, has been performed to determine the proposed Biginelli mechanism that is supported by DFT. It is found that the THQs are synthesized by a mechano-chemical (grinding) tool to achieve a yield of 85.2% within 3.5 min, i.e., YE (% yield/time) 24.34 differs from the conventional method in which lower % yield (YE = 0.72) of THQ was achieved. This confirmed that in the green chemistry principle, the determination of % yield according to saving reaction time must be considered. Moreover, DFT-based antioxidant properties of the THQ were also studied in which the most potent antioxidant compounds were 7b > 6d > 2f. Softness (σ, eV−1) and hardness (η, eV mol−1) can approve the soft molecule that stays more reactive as a result of decreasing the energy gap along heterocyclic with values 0.1491 > 0.1300 > 0.1168 eV−1 one-to-one with the efficiency of antioxidant.
DESIGN OF POTENT ANTICANCER MOLECULES COMPRISING PYRAZOLYL-THIAZOLINONE ANALOGS USING MOLECULAR MODELLING STUDIES FOR PHARMACOPHORE OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Raut Kunal , Kothawade Sachin , Pande Vishal , Bole Sandesh , SAMPADA NETANE  , Autade Kalyani , Joshi Ashvini
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Numerous tiny receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been reported as anticancer medications over the past 10 years. However, a lot of them lack effectiveness in vivo, selectivity, or do not last long before developing resistance.
Methods: We used molecular modeling research to improve the pharmacophore to get beyond these limitations. For the purpose of linking the chemical makeup of pyrazolyl thiazolinone analogs with their anticancer activity, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) investigations in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) were carried out. Pyrazolyl thiazolinone pharmacophore’s stearic, electronic, and hydrophobic requirements were calculated using 3D QSAR.
Results: By leveraging the findings of QSAR investigations, the pharmacophore was refined and new chemical entities (NCEs) were generated. The r2 and q2 values obtained for the best model No. 4 of 2D QSAR were 0.9244 and 0.8701, respectively. A drug-like pharmacokinetic profile was ensured by studying the binding affinities of proposed NCEs on epidermal growth factor receptor-TK using docking studies and estimating their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion features.
Conclusion: When statistical significance is closely examined, predictability of the model and its residuals (actual activity minus predicted activity) is found to be close to zero, leading us to draw the conclusion that the logic behind the design of NCEs was determined to be sound.
ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND IMMEDIATE OUTCOME IN BIRTH ASPHYXIATED TERM NEONATES ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN TRIBAL REGION OF INDIA-AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: PATIL PUSHPARAJ NILKANTH , KHAN ZUBAIR
Published: August 2023

Objectives: The objective is to study the associated risk factors and outcomes of birth asphyxia (BA).
Methods: The study involved 240 neonates of both genders who were admitted to the NICU of the Department of Pediatrics at NAMO MERI and SVBCH Hospital. Relevant information such as neonatal information, maternal information, and problems during pregnancy or labor noted and analyzed.
Results: Among the cases and controls, the male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1 and 1.09:1, respectively. The incidence of meconium-stained liquor was higher in some cases, and these infants required longer resuscitation compared to controls (p<0.0001). Maternal risk factors such as hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage, and prolonged second stage of labor were significantly associated with BA (p<0.05). In addition, BA was significantly associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), convulsions, and apnea (p<0.05). Top of FormBottom of FormThere was a significant correlation between the duration of resuscitation and the grade of HIE in asphyxiated babies (p<0.05). A severe form of HIE was developed in cases with a longer duration of resuscitation. The duration of resuscitation was longer in patients who were delivered in either a primary health center or home compared to a tertiary care hospital (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Effective post-delivery resuscitation, additional basic steps, and training health workers and a skilled person at every birth can help reduce the occurrence of BA and its complications in resource-limited peripheral systems. This study highlights importance of maternal risk factor assessment, prompt resuscitation.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THYROID FUNCTION AND OBESITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES INDIVIDUALS
Authors: K SREEDEVI , A SRIKANTH , RAO M PRASAD , P SAI SEKHAR
Published: August 2023

Objectives: In the present study, it is aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and blood glucose parameters and their correlation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) obese patients.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and observational study conducted for a period of 1 year January 2020–January 2022. The patient demographic data, age, and gender were collected from the medical records. After an overnight fast, venous blood samples were collected in the morning for laboratory tests. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassays were used to assess serum free T3 (FT3), FT4, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and random sugar levels were measured using enzymatic method. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by squared height (m).
Results: In the present study, the mean values of thyroid harmones T3, T4 between the obese and non-obese individuals showed that no much significant variations might be due to low sample size. However, the mean values of TSH values were significantly higher 8.7ng/dl for obese individuals than non-obese individuals. There was a significant positive correlation that was identified for thyroid parameters TSH between obese and non-obese T2DM patients. On the other hand, there was a significant influence of postprandial blood sugar, random blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, and BMI in obese and non-obese T2DM patients and insignificant influence for thyroid parameters T3 and T4. However, the results also showed that there was a highly significant influence of THS levels in obese T2DM patients.
Conclusion: The findings of the present investigation showed a high correlation between thyroid function, mainly TSH levels, and Type 2 diabetes, particularly in obese persons.
A STUDY OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN CLINICALLY SUSPECTED TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: G AMAR KUMAR , J VISALASREE
Published: August 2023

Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to create awareness among the clinicians on the role of fungal etiological agents in suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases. This would help in preventing unnecessary use of anti-tubercular drugs and in decreasing drug-resistant TB cases. Methods: Prospective study was performed in the clinical microbiology laboratory of Annapoorana Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, from January 2013 to February 2017 subsequently getting approval from the institutional ethics committee. 464 sputum samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients of numerous departments. Signs and symptoms of clinically suspected TB patients were noted for all cases. Statistical Analysis: Categorical variables were summarized by percentages (%). The Fishers exact test (2 × 2) analysis was done. Results: A total of 119 fungal isolates were isolated from the culture. The highest number of fungal isolates were of Candida species (n=61) (30.5%) followed by Cryptococcus neoformans n=38 (19%) and Histoplasma capsulatum n=20 (10%). Amongst the used anti-fungals, Fluconazole was the most effective drug for all the isolated fungi followed by Itraconazole, Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, and Nystatin. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate the significance of considering fungal infections as a prospect however treating disseminated granulomatous infections, even in immune-competent cases, particularly if the reaction to the TB therapy is insufficient.
Use of sodium tetraphenylborate reagent for conductometric titration of Amlodipine Besylate in pure and pharmaceutical forms
Authors: Khateeb Mouhammed
Published: August 2023

Simple, accurate and reliable conductometric method for the quantitative determination of Amlodipine Besylate (AML) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations using sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) in aqueous solution at 20°C has been described. The method is based on the formation of ion association complex of cation coming from the cited drug with tetraphenylborate anion and the conductance of the solution is measured as a function of the volume of titrant. Many experimental conditions were evaluated. The described procedure allowed the determination of AML in double distilled water in the range of 0.200-1.000mM. The accuracy of the method is indicated by the excellent recovery 98.60-101.40%, and the precision is supported by the low relative standard deviation < 4.74 %. The method was further applied successively to pharmaceutical formulations with no interference from the excipients, the results obtained were compared statistically with those obtained by the official method and showed no significant differences regarding accuracy and precision.
Water Balance Analysis for Determination of Time Shift in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hariyono Didik , Putri Rifka Auliasasti , Saitama Akbar , Sandy Yohana Avelia , Zaini Akbar Hidayatullah
Published: August 2023

Rice production in East Java has decreased, which is related to climate change. Uncertain climate results in a shift in planting time. Climate projection scenarios are a solution to see future climatic conditions. One of the analyses used is the water balance. This study aims to study the water balance to determine the rice (Oryza sativa L.) planting time shift based on climate projection scenarios. The research was conducted from March to July 2022 in four districts of East Java. The materials used are average rainfall data and average temperature data for 2000-2020, climate projection data from the CNRM-CM5 and HadGEM2-ES models for 2025-2050, field capacity data, and permanent wilting point data. This study uses a selected sampling technique and the location is chosen as one of the rice production centers in East Java. This research uses exploratory descriptive analysis, statistical descriptive analysis, and the Thornthwaite and Mather method of water balance analysis. The research results show a shift in the planting time of rice plants in four districts in East Java for the years 2025-2050. Malang District experienced a change in the planting time of rice plants of 2 basics, Gresik District experienced a shift in the planting time of rice plants of 2-6 basics, Banyuwangi District experienced a change in planting time of 3-5 basics of rice and Pasuruan District experienced a shift in planting time of rice plants of 1-4 basics.
Statistical Evaluation of Rainfall Data in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugomma Chukwudi Anderson
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This paper evaluated the monthly and yearly average the rainfall data of Owerri from 2000 to 2016. Two-Way ANOVA was employed in the data and the result showed that the average yearly rainfall in Owerri is not the same but the average monthly rainfall in Owerri is not is not significantly different over the years of study.
International Students’ Satisfaction with Online Learning and Faculty Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northwestern Chinese Universities
Authors: Zhang Shixue , Kuek Florence , Wu Yuntao
Published: August 2023

International students in China had not anticipated the unprecedented disruption to their educational experiences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In China, COVID-19 movement control on campus was managed solely by university authorities. Online teaching and learning following multilevel procedures were implemented for centralized emergency response, decision-making, and information dissemination. This study examined international studentsʼ academic and non-academic experiences in northwestern Chinese universities during the pandemic. Kuh’s engagement theory of learning and the Keaveney and Young’s Satisfaction Model were adapted and employed for insights into student satisfaction. The study was informed by Creswell’s “exploratory sequential” mixed methods research design. The in-depth interviews with selected students from three universities with the highest international student intakes in northwest China yielded four factors affecting students’ satisfaction, namely, online learning experience, in class-interaction, out-of-class faculty-students engagement, and out-ofclass student initiative. A validated questionnaire was distributed following the interviews at three universities. 410 international students completed the questionnaire. The analysis revealed a moderate level of satisfaction with both online learning and the faculty-students engagement during the pandemic. However, international students’ expectations differed according to their respective backgrounds and disciplines. Undergraduates yearned for more interpersonal communication, while postgraduate students desired academic engagement during online learning and fulfilment of graduation criteria. These findings should help the universities in Northwest China with strategic planning and the formulation of management policies pertaining to international student satisfaction.
Unraveling Chinese Bilateral Diplomatic Behavior: Evidence from Post-Coup Sino-Myanmar Relations,a Rational Choice Approach
Authors: Jiang Diya , Kironska Kristina
Published: August 2023

Attempting to understand the strategic motives and geopolitical interests behind Chinese actions in bilateral international relations, this paper examines Beijing’s reaction to the 2021 Myanmar Coup. Adopting a rationalist approach, the paper conducts cost and benefit analysis through game-theoretical lenses and categorizes Chinese interests as expansionary and defensive, both contributing to its potential payoff in bilateral exchanges. Applying the resulted model to the Post-Coup Sino-Myanmar interactions in which Beijing’s attitude shifted from the initial ambiguity to more favorable stance towards the Tatmadaw, the authors find that such shift can be attributed to a changing reality of China’s perceived political and economic outcomes at different time periods. In addition to offering insights into ongoing China-Myanmar relations, this article identifies key patterns of the decision-making process taken by Beijing. It argues that, when countries engage with China bilaterally, they will likely face a more volatile, daring player willing to take more controversial actions.
Lessons Learned from Implementing Scrum in a Kazakhstani IT Firm: A Case Study at ‘AG TECH’ LLP
Authors: Tokenov Duman
Published: August 2023

This article presents a case study conducted at ‘AG TECH’ LLP, a
Kazakhstani IT firm, to explore the implementation of Scrum as an agile
project management methodology. The study aims to identify the lessons
learned during the implementation process, focusing on the challenges
faced and the strategies employed to overcome them. The research
employed a qualitative approach, utilizing participant observation as
the primary data collection method. The findings highlight several key
insights into the successful adoption of Scrum, including the importance
of organizational commitment, effective communication, and continuous
improvement. Additionally, the study identifies common pitfalls and
offers recommendations for improving the implementation of Scrum in
similar organizational contexts. The lessons learned from this case
study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on Scrum
implementation and provide practical guidance for organizations seeking
to adopt agile methodologies in their project management practices.
Loss of Glomerular Permselectivity in Type 2 Diabetes Associates With Progression to Kidney Failure
Authors: Saulnier Pierre J. , Looker Helen C. , Layton Anita , Lemley Kevin V. , Nelson Robert G. , Bjornstad Petter
Published: August 2023

We examined whether defects in glomerular size selectivity in type 2 diabetes are associated with progressive kidney disease. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fractional clearances of dextrans of graded sizes were measured in 185 American Indians. The permselectivity model that best fit the dextran sieving data represented the glomerular capillary as being perforated by small restrictive pores and a parallel population of larger nonrestrictive pores characterized by ω0, the fraction of total filtrate volume passing through this shunt. The hazard ratio (HR) for kidney failure was expressed per 1-SD increase of ω0 by Cox regression after adjusting for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, HbA1c, GFR, and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Baseline mean ± SD age was 43 ± 10 years, HbA1c 8.9 ± 2.5%, GFR 147 ± 46 mL/min, and median (interquartile range) ACR 41 (11–230) mg/g. During a median follow-up of 17.7 years, 67 participants developed kidney failure. After adjustment, each 1-SD increment in ω0 was associated with a higher risk of kidney failure (HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.17, 2.05]). Enhanced transglomerular passage of test macromolecules was associated with progression to kidney failure, independent of albuminuria and GFR, suggesting that mechanisms associated with impaired glomerular permselectivity are important determinants of progressive kidney disease.

Article Highlights
Ablative Fractional Laser Enhances Artificial or Natural Daylight Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Field Cancerization: A Randomized and Investigator-initiated Half-side Comparative Study
Authors: Lindholm Vivian , Salmivuori Mari , Hahtola Sonja , Kerttu Mäkelä  , Pitkänen Sari , Isoherranen Kirsi
Published: August 2023

Artificial daylight photodynamic therapy is a near-painless treatment for actinic keratoses, which can be performed indoors using a controlled light dose. Daylight photodynamic therapy is approved only for treatment of grade I–II actinic keratoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fractional laser pre-treatment improves the outcomes of daylight photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses of all grades. In addition, the study compared the outcomes of artificial and natural daylight photodynamic therapy. This randomized single-blinded split-side comparative study included 60 patients with  ≥ 2 actinic keratoses of the head. Fractional laser pre-treatment was assigned randomly for actinic keratoses on 1 side of the head and, subsequently, the entire treatment area was treated with artificial or natural daylight photodynamic therapy. Fractional laser-mediated daylight photodynamic therapy achieved significantly higher complete clearance (50.0% vs 30.3%, p = 0.04), partial clearance (78.6% vs 50.0%, p < 0.01) and lesion-specific clearance (86.2% vs 70.2%, p < 0.01) than daylight photodynamic therapy alone at the 6-month follow-up. No significant differences were found in the outcomes of artificial vs natural daylight photodynamic therapy or grade I lesions vs grade II–III lesions. Thus, fractional laser pre-treatment appears to significantly increase the efficacy of artificial and natural daylight photodynamic therapy, and to be suitable for treatment of actinic keratoses of all grades.
Experimenting on semiconductors using ablative laser propulsion to investigate propulsion parameters
Authors: Abbas Ayesha , Zakaria Muhammad Qaiser , Iqbal Syeda Tehreem , Jamil Yasir
Published: August 2023

A laser can be used to propel distant objects. The ability of silicon to produce thrust and its propulsive parameters are needed to be studied in ablative laser propulsion (ALP). In this work, pure silicon and silicon doped with indium were subjected to ALP to achieve the momentum coupling coefficient and specific impulse to investigate its worth as a propellant. The experiment was conducted using the Nd:YAG laser (Quantel Brilliant) operating at fundamental harmonic (λ = 1064 nm and 5 ns pulse duration). In the given range of fluence, 1 × 105–5 × 105 J/m2, no significant difference among both samples for values of momentum coupling coefficient (Cm) and specific impulse (Isp) is observed; for instance, both propellants follow a decreasing trend for Cm. However, maximum enhancement for Cm and Isp is observed with a cavity aspect ratio of one. Cm and Isp are enhanced about 1.75 and 4.5 times, respectively, for pure silicon. The external cavity does not have any impact on Cm values for indium-doped silicon while values of Isp showed considerable enhancement.
Application of ultrafast laser beam shaping in micro-optical elements
Authors: Qu Zhihao , Sun Shufeng , Wang Jin , Jiang Mingming , Zhang Fengyun , Wang Xi , Shao Jing , Liang Guanglei , Wang Pingping
Published: August 2023

The manufacturing and application of micro-optical elements are constantly evolving toward miniaturization, integration, and intelligence and have important applications in holographic displays, optical imaging, laser processing, information processing, and other fields. Ultrafast lasers, with their ultrashort pulse width, extremely high peak power, high processing resolution, small thermal influence zone, and nondestructive material processing advantages, have become an important processing method for preparing micro-optical elements. However, the laser output from the laser usually has a Gaussian distribution, with limitations in spatial and temporal energy and shape distribution, making it difficult to meet the requirements of processing efficiency and quality, which poses new challenges to ultrafast laser manufacturing technology. Therefore, by shaping the ultrafast laser beam and regulating nonlinear optical effects, the optimization and adjustment of the beam shape can be achieved, thus improving the quality and efficiency of micro-optical element processing. Ultrafast laser beam shaping technology provides a new method for the manufacture of micro-optical elements. This article first introduces the commonly used manufacturing methods for micro-optical elements. Second, from the perspective of the temporal domain, spatial domain, and spatiotemporal domain, the basic principles, methods, and existing problems of ultrafast laser beam shaping are summarized. Then, the application of these shaping technologies in the preparation of micro-optical elements is elaborated. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects of ultrafast laser beam shaping technology are discussed.
Banco sonoro participativo, construido a partir de la etno ornitología, asociado a las aves presentes en las comunidades indígenas aledañas al casco urbano de Mitú, Vaupés
Authors: Guerrero Peláez Sebastián , Rivera Velasco Gloria Amparo , Murillo López Laura Alejandra , López Peña Yenifer Soledad , González Vásquez Yorneida Anayiber , Palacios Rojas Manuel Vicente , Castillo Sanchez Marcelo Bibiano
Published: August 2023

El consumo y producción de material audiovisual se ha triplicado en los últimos años en países comoColombia. Es por ello, que a nivel nacional se ha venido trabajando la acústica como medio deproducción de material auditivo para diferentes usos, tales como el proyecto “Banco de contenidos,huellas de memoria viva” de la RTVC para recuperar, restaurar y almacenar los registros sonoros delas producción audiovisuales de diferentes épocas de Colombia, el proyecto “como suena Colombia”en donde recolectan registros de sonidos locales y los bancos de sonidos de animales (BSa) delInstituto Alexander Von Humboldt como aporte a la construcción científica del pais y conservaciónde la biodiversidad
Berøring og intimitet – kroppen i skjeringspunktet mellom offentleg og privat. Omsorg for utviklingshemma barn og unge i barnebustad
Authors: Fylkesnes Ingunn
Published: August 2023

Kropp og berøring i institusjonell omsorg for barn og unge er eit tema med aukande internasjonal forskingsinteresse, etter å ha vore eit tabubelagt emne på bakgrunn av tidlegare overgrepshistorier. Denne artikkelen handlar om utviklingshemma barn og unge i barnebustad, ei gruppe unge som vanlegvis går «under radaren». Dei unge har behov for omfattande hjelp gjennom døgnet og får bistand av kommunalt tilsette omsorgspersonar. Omsorgssamspelet mellom kommunalt tilsette og dei unge som har sin heim i barnebustaden, blir analysert og drøfta med basis i omgrepa body work, intimate labour og emotional labour. Kroppen som offentleg objekt og privat subjekt er i tillegg viktige analytiske element. Innanfor institusjonelle rammer får dei unge sin kropp ulike roller, men kan vere prisgjeven tilsette si forståing av omsorg og institusjonelle oppgåver.
English abstract
Touch and Intimacy – The Body at the Intersection Between Public and Private. Care in Small Institutions for Intellectually Disabled Children
Body and touch in residential care for children shows a growing interest in international research. This subject has been tabooed based in earlier stories of abuse in residential institutions. This paper addresses children with profound intellectual disability living in small institutional residences, children that normally go “under the radar.” The young ones have comprehensive needs for practical support around the hours, provided by public employed care professionals. The interaction in care activities between the employees and the children is analysed and discussed related to the concepts body work, intimate labour, and emotional labour. The dichotomy of the body as a public object and private subject is also important analytical elements. Within institutional frames is the body of the residents given different roles but can make the children dependent on the employees’ understanding of care and their institutional duties.
Supporting Children’s Psychosocial Well-Being in Sámi ECECs
Authors: Bjerklund Monica , Åmot Ingvild
Published: August 2023

Our aim is to investigate how Sámi early childhood education and care institutions (ECECs) contextualise their work to support psychosocial well-being among children aged 4–6. We have conducted seven qualitative interviews among ECEC educators. Using Stepwise Deductive Induction (SDI) analysis we found that Sámi ECECs contextualise their work to support psychosocial well-being among children by constantly balancing between dealing with the possible consequences of Norwegianisation and the assimilation process from the past and highlighting Sámi culture in a positive way. In practice the staff try to support the children’s positive sense of self, recognition and feeling a sense of belonging to the Sámi culture. They also strive to contextualise Sámi practices in terms of today’s society and adjust to the present group of staff, children, and parents to ensure the children’s well-being.
”Att se till och vårda dessa små.” Missionsförbundets föreställningar om barndom under 1930- och 1940-talet
Authors: Norburg Ulrika
Published: August 2023

Den här artikeln handlar om Missionsförbundets barnhem Drott och Granås under 1930- och 1940-talet.1 Barnhemmet skapades med syfte att ta hand om så kallade missionärsbarn vars föräldrar svarat ja på Guds kallelse att missionera och omvända icke-kristna människor i Afrika. Forskning om missionärsbarn är relativt begränsad, både internationellt och i Sverige. Dessa barn har betraktats som en subgrupp som ofta hamnat i skuggan av missionärernas religiösa och kulturella diskurs. I artikeln analyseras Missionsförbundets styrelseprotokoll, publikationer och brevväxlingar mellan barnhemmets föreståndare och missionärsbarnens föräldrar. Resultatet visar hur samfundets företrädare, barnhemmets föreståndare och barnens föräldrar konstruerade och upprätthöll missionärernas föräldraskap och familjerelationer via emotionella beskrivningar. Dessa legitimerade både missionärernas föräldraskap och den uppoffring som missionärsarbetet innebar. I takt med att samfundet uppmärksammar separationers konsekvenser och att det medicinska området gör framsteg, förändras också förhållningssättet till barnen. Det leder fram till en kompromisslösning som gör att samfundet inrättar ett alternativ till barnhemmet i missionslandet Kongo.
English abstract
“To look after and care for these little ones.” The Missionary Association’s ideas about childhood during the 1930s and 1940s
This article is about the Missionary Association’s orphanage Drott and Granås during the 1930s and 1940s. The orphanage was created with the aim of taking care of so-called missionary children whose parents answered yes to God’s call to carry out missions and convert non-Christian people in Africa. Research on missionary children is relatively limited, both internationally and in Sweden. They have been considered a subgroup that has often been overshadowed by the missionaries’ religious and cultural discourse. In the article, the Missionary Union’s board minutes, publications and correspondence between the orphanage director and the missionary children’s parents are analyzed. The results show how the representatives of the community, the director of the orphanage and the children’s parents constructed and maintained the missionaries’ parenting and family relationships via emotional descriptions. These legitimized both the missionaries’ parentage and the sacrifice that missionary work entailed. As the community draws attention to the consequences of separations and as the medical field makes progress, the approach to children also changes. It leads to a compromise solution which means that the community establishes an alternative to the orphanage in the mission country Congo.
Under the Radar: Children and Childhoods Missing from Nordic Childhood Studies
Authors: Lyså Ida Marie , Vehkalahti Kaisa , Jouhki Essi
Published: August 2023

This year, 2023, our journal Barn – forskning om barn og barndom i Norden celebrates its 40th anniversary! On August 16–17, the Anniversary Conference At Critical Crossroads in Nordic Childhood Studies will be held in Trondheim, Norway to celebrate our birthday. Looking back, we are proud to see the wide variety of research that has been published in Barn, embracing a range of disciplines, geographic locations, topics, children and childhoods.
Aplikasi Paket Pemupukan Organik dan Hayati Berbasis Bahan Lokal dalam Menekan Penggunaan Pupuk Fosfor Anorganik pada Tanah Calcarosol di Timor-Barat
Authors: Bako Peters O. , Nurazizah Rahmalia M , Serangmo Diana YL , Kiuk Yosni
Published: August 2023

Calcarosol merupakan istilah yang merujuk pada tanah-tanah yang terbentuk di atas formasi batuan kapur (limestone). Permasalahan utama yang ditemui dalam kegiatan budidaya jagung di tanah Calcarosol adalah ketersediaan hara fosfor (P) yang rendah. Aplikasi pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati diketahui dapat meningkatkan hara P pada tanah Calcarosol melalui beberapa mekanisme. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji keefektifan paket pemupukan organik dan hayati (PPOH) dalam menekan penggunaan pupuk P-anorganik (SP-36) pada Calcarosol di Timor Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan percobaan di lahan milik petani di Kelurahan Penfui, Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL).  Perlakuan yang dicobakan meliputi: tanpa aplikasi pupuk (P0); PPOH tanpa penambahan pupuk sintetis (P1);  PPOH + 50 kg/ha SP 36 (P2);  PPOH + 100 kg/ha SP-36 (P3); PPOH + 150 kg/ha SP-36 (P4); PPOH + 200 kg/ha SP-36 (P5); dan PPOH + 250 kg/ha (P6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kandungan hara P jaringan tanaman pada perlakuan aplikasi PPOH + 50 kg/ha SP-36  yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan perlakuan PPOH + 250 kg/ha SP-36 membuktikan bahwa dengan aplikasi PPOH, penggunaan pupuk SP-36 dapat dikurangi hingga 80% dari dosis yang umum digunakan oleh petani untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hara P tanaman; (2) bobot biji pipilan kering jagung pada perlakuan PPOH saja yang tidak berbeda secara signikan dengan perlakuan PPOH + 250 kg/ha SP-36 membuktikan bahwa aplikasi PPOH mampu mensubtitusi penggunaan pupuk SP-36 di tanah Calcarosol pada musim tanam pertama pasca aplikasi.
KALSIUM OKSIDA MIKROPARTIKEL DARI CANGKANG TELUR SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS
Authors: HARYONO HARYONO , NATANAEL CHRISTI LIAMITA , RUKIAH RUKIAH , YULIANTI YATI B
Published: August 2023

Biodiesel telah berhasil disintesis dari minyak goreng bekas dengan katalis kalsium oksida mikropartikel yang dikalsinasi dari cangkang telur. Cangkang telur sebagai sumber kalsium karbonat disiapkan melalui tahap pencucian, pengeringan, pengecilan ukuran, dan pengayakan untuk diperoleh ukuran lolos 100 mesh. Serbuk cangkang telur kemudian dikalsinasi pada suhu 900oC selama 8 jam. Setelah didinginkan, hasil kalsinasi selanjutnya diperkecil ukurannya kembali dengan menggunakan planetary ball mill. CaO hasil pengecilan lanjut, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan particle size analyzer, XRD, dan adsorpsi BET untuk menentukan ukuran partikel, derajat kristalinitas, luas permukaan spesifik, dan distribusi ukuran porinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik CaO dari hasil kalsinasi dengan perlakuan pengecilan ukuran lanjut lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan pengecilan lanjut. Ukuran partikel rata-rata, luas permukaan spesifik, diameter rata-rata pori, dan volume spesifik rata-rata pori dari CaO dengan pengecilan lanjut berturut-turut adalah 4,128 m, 16,244 m2/g, 42,282 Å, dan 410,0 x 10-3 cc/g. Biodiesel dengan katalis CaO tanpa pengecilan lanjut sebanyak 10% diperoleh sebanyak 71,91%. Sedangkan penggunaan CaO mikropartikel yang hanya 3% mampu menghasilkan biodiesel dari minyak goreng dengan yield 77,76%.
El concepto de raza y la lucha contra el racismo
Authors: Wade Peter
Published: August 2023

Este artículo analiza cómo los conceptos “raza” y “racismo” están presentes y ausentes en diferentes contextos sociales y cómo estas presencias y ausencias se relacionan con distintos valores sociales y visiones de lo que sería una sociedad deseable. Se exploran varios argumentos que abogan por el uso del concepto raza como elemento analítico, apoyándose en la idea que el concepto raza es útil para entender el fenómeno del racismo. Se aborda los siguientes temas: el aparente reemplazo de “raza” por “cultura”; la manera en que el racismo opera a través de otras gramáticas, tales como la de cultura y la de género; la debilidad de esgrimir una distinción entre lo público y lo privado en aras de afirmar que las diferencias raciales se pueden tolerar en la esfera privada pero no en la pública donde se dice que todos tenemos el derecho y la obligación de figurar como ciudadanos universales; la diferencia entre el concepto de raza y el de racismo; y la diferencia entre hablar de racismo y hablar de discriminación racial.
Genómica y eugenesia: nuevos imaginarios reproductivos y viejos racismos de estado
Authors: Saldaña-Tejeda Abril
Published: August 2023

El artículo explora la genómica y sus ideas biologizantes sobre la raza. Problematiza las nociones de “elección” y “autonomía” que suelen respaldar argumentos a favor de la edición hereditaria del genom­a humano. Se advierte sobre los riesgos de una eugenesia neoliberal que reproduzca, desde los individuos y ya no desde el estado, conocidas jerarquías raciales. Se discuten las implicaciones de la reiteración de la raza como una realidad biológica. El artículo argumenta que las nuevas ciencias de la vida plantean retos que afectan especialmente a las mujeres y a las poblaciones racializadas negativamente. Sin un marco legislativo adecuado, estas tecnologías podrían abrir la puerta a un nuevo proyecto eugenésico con un poder sin precedentes.
Entre confusiones y distracciones: mestizaje y racismo anti-negro en México
Authors: Moreno Figueroa Mónica G.
Published: August 2023

El argumento central que presento en este artículo es que la pieza clave que mantiene al mestizaje como proyecto racial mexicano en operación, y por ende la estabilidad de la identidad nacional, es el racismo anti-negro. Es más, una característica permanente y necesaria para el proyecto del mestizaje es una aversión continua a la negridad o lo ‘negro’ como idea, y un desfavorecimiento persistente de, la población racializada como negra. Esto quiere decir que el imaginario del ser mexicano se basa en la idea de que 1) no hay personas mexicanas negras (como una cuestión ontológica), y 2) hay que distanciarse de lo que represente lo negro. Así, la aparente negación y/o exclusión de la población negra del imaginario nacional es una estrategia necesaria para el mantenimiento mismo de la identidad nacional. En este momento en que entramos a la década del 2020 con una fuerte tendencia multicultural, en el que hay una creciente movilización de organizaciones negras y afrodescendientes en el país, con el reciente logro del reconocimiento constitucional del sujeto afromexicano en 2019 y la inclusión de la pregunta sobre autoidentificación negra en el censo nacional 2020, la relación entre mestizaje y racismo anti-negro se está reconfigurando. En esta reconfiguración hay un debate, a veces álgido y confuso, sobre qué es lo negro y cómo debe nombrarse y comprenderse.
Tube cystostomy is effective for urinary outflow management in dogs with intervertebral disk extrusion and ischemic myelopathy cranial to the L3 spinal cord segment: 61 dogs (2018–2022)
Authors: Nash Tesheena R. , Hosgood Giselle L.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

To describe the application and owner experience of tube cystostomy for management of upper motor neuron urinary bladder dysfunction secondary to intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE) or ischemic myelopathy, and to report complications associated with cystostomy tube management.

ANIMALS

61 dogs.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Medical records of dogs with IVDE or ischemic myelopathy cranial to the L3 spinal cord segment that underwent tube cystostomy placement via a short, caudal ventral midline celiotomy were reviewed. Days from tube placement to hospital discharge, days from placement to tube removal, and complications were recorded. An owner questionnaire was distributed to ascertain ease of use and perceived time commitment.

RESULTS

58 dogs were diagnosed with IVDE, and 3 dogs were diagnosed with ischemic myelopathy. The modal neurologic grade at cystostomy tube placement was 4 (range, 3 to 5). The median number of days from cystostomy tube placement to hospital discharge was 1 (range, 0 to 3). Follow-up data was available for 56 dogs. The median number of days from cystostomy tube placement until removal was 19 (range, 3 to 74). Fifteen minor and 6 severe postoperative complications were reported, mainly inadvertent removal (n = 11) and peristomal urine leakage (6). Twenty-seven owners responded to the questionnaire and primarily reported that cystostomy tube use was easy (22/27) and perceived time commitment was low or minimal (20/27).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Tube cystostomy facilitates early hospital discharge and allows at-home, extended urinary management in dogs recovering from upper motor neuron urinary bladder dysfunction secondary to IVDE or ischemic myelopathy. This technique is simple for owners to use.
Effects of a Multi Scouring Agent on the Pretreatment and Dyeing of different Cellulosic Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Khan Olin , Wasima Antara , Jahan Nusrat , Sarkar Md. Imrul , Das Shohag Chandra
Published: August 2023

The study tested the use of Viscobleach as a multi-scouring agent for pretreating cellulosic fabrics (cotton, viscose, and linen) instead of using traditional agents (caustic soda, soda ash, and hydrogen peroxide). The results showed an increase in whiteness and absorbency for viscose and linen fabrics pretreated with Viscobleach. The color strength (K/S) increased for all shades of cotton and for medium and dark shades of viscose and linen. The study also showed that the dye pick-up was higher and dye wastage lower with the Viscobleach pretreatment. The color fastness to wash and rubbing was rated 4-5 for all samples.
Deep Learning Based Melanoma Diagnosis Identification
Authors: Duan Gaole , Wang Changyuan
Published: August 2023

Malignant melanoma is considered to be one of the deadliest types of skin cancer, and it is responsible for the death of a large number of people worldwide. However, distinguishing whether melanoma is benign or malignant has been a challenging task. Many Computer Aided Diagnosis and Detection Systems have been developed in the past for this task. This paper presents a deep learning framework based approach for melanoma diagnosis and recognition. In the proposed method, the original skin mirror image is first preprocessed and then passed to the VGG16 convolutional neural network for tumor property classification. VGG16 uses smaller convolutional kernels instead of a larger convolutional kernel to achieve a reduction in network parameters and thus improve network performance. The system is trained using segmented RGB images generated from ground truth images of the ISIC2016 dataset, and finally a softmax classifier is used for pixel-level classification of melanoma lesions. In this study, a new method to become a lesion classifier was designed to classify melanoma lesion regions into benign and malignant tumors based on the results of pixel-level classification, and experiments were conducted on two well-established public test datasets, ISIC2016 and ISIC2017, with a final accuracy of 96.1%. The results indicate that convolutional neural networks are suitable for melanoma diagnosis identification. This study is of great relevance for advanced cancer caused by malignant melanoma.
Research on Joint Modeling of Intent Detection and Slot Filling
Authors: Yang Dan , Geng Chaoyang , Li Yi
Published: August 2023

In task-based dialogue system, the key of the natural language understanding module is intent detection and slot filling. At this stage, Joint modeling of intention detection and slot filling tasks has become the mainstream and achieved good results. In order to investigate the correlation between intention detection and slot filling tasks, Joint model of intention detection and slot filling based on attention mechanism in three dimensions: one-way modeling from intention to slot, Unidirectional modeling from slot to intention and bidirectional modeling from intention to slot Separately. And experiments were conducted using the Chinese dataset CAIS, and the results showed three evaluation results for time slot F1.The intention accuracy and overall accuracy of joint models for intention detection and filling gaps are usually higher than those of unidirectional models.