bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting State Functional MRI in Neonates with Prenatal Opioid Exposure: Analysis of Thalamocortical Functional Connectivity
Authors: Guckien Zoe , Dietrich Jonathan , Vishnubhotla Ramana , Picklesimer MaKayla , Sparks Christina , Haas David , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar , Radhakrishnan Rupa
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) is a growing public health issue that can result in premature birth, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the neural basis for these findings remains relatively unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neural correlates of POE based on neonatal thalamocortical functional connectivity using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).  
 
Methods: In this prospective, IRB-approved study, nineteen neonates with POE and twenty opioid naive (ON) controls underwent non-invasive MRI during natural sleep at mean post-menstrual age (PMA) of 44.7 ± 2.6 and 44.6 ± 2.6 weeks respectively. MR imaging included anatomic T2-weighted images and rs-fMRI. General Linear Model (GLM) seed-based whole brain functional connectivity analysis was performed for each subject, with the right and left thalamus as distinct seed regions. Unpaired mixed-effects group analyses between POE and ON groups were conducted for each seed region corrected for PMA and sex. 
 
Results: Thalamic connectivity to cortical and subcortical structures differed in the POE group compared to the ON control group. The POE group exhibited higher functional connectivity to deep gray structures, frontal, medial prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and anterior temporal cortices compared to controls. The POE group exhibited lower connectivity to the nuclei accumbentes, bilateral caudate nuclei, posterior cingulate gyri, superior frontal gyri, insular, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.  
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: Overall, these novel results suggest the presence of opioid exposure-related alterations in thalamic functional connectivity. Given that the thalamus plays a crucial role in early brain development, the described alterations in thalamocortical and thalamic-subcortical connectivity may have implications in stratifying risk and informing treatment for the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with POE. Future studies should explore the relationship between POE-associated disruptions in thalamic connectivity and developmental outcomes.
Pilot Study to investigate Home Potassium testing in Heart Failure
Authors: Jakupco Nicholas , Nwaneri Francis , Mirro Michael
Published: December 2020

Background and hypothesis: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Normal potassium range is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. Low potassium level is associated with fatal dysrhythmia, and elevated potassium levels result in slow cardiac rhythms and asystole. Current venipuncture methods used for potassium testing are complicated with hemolysis, which create false potassium results. Our study objective is assessing the effectiveness of an at home device that would enable HF patients to test potassium levels frequently to avoid any complications as it relates to dyskalemia. We hypothesize that by utilizing a home testing solution, patients can develop a home HF management strategy to improve health outcomes. 
  
Experimental Design or Project Methods: Patients diagnosed with HF will be recruited from Parkview Physicians Group – Cardiology. A venipuncture and a finger stick sample will be collected simultaneously, and their serum potassium levels will be analyzed. Venipuncture blood will be analyzed by ion-selective electrode (ISE) and flame photometry analyses. Finger stick blood will be analyzed by a novel Blaire Biomedical device. Surveys about the device will be given to both patients and clinicians. Linear regressions comparing the Blaire Biomedical results to both the ISE and flame photometry results will be created.  
  
Results: The r-values for the regressions will be analyzed. An r-value close to 1 would indicate that the results are directly correlated and clinically equivalent. Results of the surveys will be used to gauge interest in the device.  
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: This study will establish a more efficient way for HF patients to measure potassium levels and ensure levels stay in the range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. This device will assist in reducing potassium imbalance complications, which will translate to a decrease in mortality in HF patients as it relates to dyskalemia.
Efficacy of EGFR TKI Targeted Therapy versus TKI in Combination with Chemotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Johnston Alaina , Komiya Takefumi
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the largest proportion of lung cancers and is the foremost cause of mortality associated with cancer around the world. Of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, approximately 15% of Caucasians and 30% of Asians have activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Numerous studies have indicated increased progression free survival after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, the most efficacious combination of drugs, whether TKIs, chemotherapy, or anti-angiogenesis, is still unknown. This literature review will be constructed to determine whether tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy or anti-angiogenesis drugs is more effective in prolonging progression free survival in EGFR-mutated NSCLC as opposed to tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy alone. 
 
Project Methods: 
The methodology of this proposed literature review is an online search of PubMed, Journal of Clinical Oncology, and important scientific conferences. The treatment interventions consist of tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy alone. The projected outcome is an increase in progression free survival and overall survival. The proposed data analysis consists of constructing a forest plot in order to display the results. 
 
Results: 
The results are expected to support the hypothesis, that combination treatment with TKI and chemotherapy will allow patients with an opportunity to prolong their progression-free survival. The forest plot is expected to indicate a progression-free survival hazard ratio that favors combination therapy. P-values will be included to indicate statistically significant results. 
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: 
The importance of finding the answer to this hypothesis is that it will improve treatment outcomes for patients with NSCLC. It will provide patients with a strong alternative to chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy alone. Most importantly, it will provide patients with an avenue to increase their progression-free survival.
Effects of Vegan and Ketogenic Diet Plans on Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jones Kimberly , Jefferson Erin , Henriksen Brian
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: Type 2 diabetes affects 8.5% of adults over the age of 18 and costs the United States an average of 327 billion dollars per year. Two diets, the ketogenic diet and the vegan diet have both been shown to promote weight loss as well as reduce A1c’s in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ketogenic diets are best defined as high fat, low carbohydrate diets that induce a state of nutritional ketosis. Vegan diets are centered around the consumption of legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. All animal-derived products including gelatin are avoided. The primary goal of this study is to determine whether the vegan diet is non-inferior to the ketogenic diet in the reduction of hemoglobin A1c levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.  
 
Methods: A total of 120 participants between the ages of 18 and 70 who have an A1c between 6.5 and 10.0 will randomly be assigned to either the vegan or ketogenic diet groups. Dietary interventions will be implemented for a total of 24 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c levels will be measured at weeks 0, 12, and 24 and values will be compared using the repeated-measures analysis of variance test to determine if there is a significant difference between groups.  
Expected results: It is expected that both groups will experience a decrease in their hemoglobin A1c levels, but that a more significant reduction will occur in those following the vegan diet. Weight loss is also an anticipated side effect in both groups. 
Conclusion/Potential impact: This study has the potential to provide individuals with a more cost-effective management strategy to medication therapy in type 2 diabetes. Choosing to adopt healthier dietary practices will ultimately lead to better blood glucose control and a lower likelihood of developing diabetic complications.
Review of Fracture Healing and Outcomes Assessment
Authors: Knoximprs Adam , McGuire Anthony , Collier Christopher , Kacena Melissa , Natoli Roman
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: Long bone fractures are of the most common and costly medical traumas humans experience.  Adequate characterization of the fracture healing process and development of potential medical interventions generally involves fracture induction operations on animal models of varying treatment or genetic groups, then analyzing relative repair success via synthesis of diverse assessment methodologies.  This review discusses the procedures, relevant parameters, special considerations, and key correlations of these major methodologies of fracture repair quantification. 
Methods: A literature review was conducted for articles discussing the procedures or identifying correlations between each of the major fracture healing assessment methodologies.   
Results: These methodologies include biomechanical testing, which provides the most direct quantification of skeletal functionality; micro-computed tomography, which enables high resolution visualization of fracture callus architecture; histology which helps elucidate the intricate processes underlying fracture repair; and x-ray which offers a non-invasive and clinically relevant view of fracture repair progress.  Each of these methodologies measure parameters directly correlating to restored functionality of fractured bone. 
Conclusion: When appropriately integrated, synthesis of relevant parameters from each methodology of fracture repair assessment enables a comprehensive understanding of varying fracture healing outcomes and associated causalities. 
Scientific/Clinical Policy Impact and Implications: This review may guide the interpretation and planning of fracture healing studies utilizing murine models.
Are Diabetic Older Adults Equally Satisfied with Remote Consultation vs. Face to Face Consultation?
Authors: Lanie Shelby , Jefferson Erin , Henriksen Brian
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
The COVID-19 pandemic has likely made remote consultation (RC) a permanent part of healthcare. Older adults could greatly benefit from RC, and current literature indicates older adults are equally satisfied with RC vs. face to face consultation (FTFC). However, there is selection bias in the literature towards adults who feel comfortable enrolling in a technology study. We hope to fill this dearth by surveying diabetic older adults who were strongly encouraged by their physicians to utilize RC during the COVID-19 quarantine. We hypothesize older adults will be less satisfied by RC vs. FTFC. 
 
Experimental Design or Project Methods: 
We propose a retrospective case control cross-sectional telephone survey (data collected in RedCap) examining satisfaction with consultation in diabetic older adults who received care via RC during the spring 2020 COVID-19 quarantine. We will compare the RC condition to the FTFC sample (appointments that occurred before quarantine) using an unpaired t test. We also propose measuring commute time/distance and hearing difficulty as possible mediating factors on satisfaction, analyzed with a regression analysis and a chi square analysis respectively 
 
Results: 
We expect to see lower satisfaction rates in the RC vs. the FTFC condition. However, we expect this effect to be mediated by patients’ typical commute time/distance to their clinic. We also expect to see lower rates of satisfaction in the RC condition than the FTFC condition for patients with hearing difficulty. 
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: 
The population is continuing to age, suffering from increased rates of diabetes and other chronic conditions that require more frequent, and more burdensome appointments. While RC has incredible potential to help older adults keep important appointments, their satisfaction is an integral part of successful care. This study could help dictate clinical decisions by informing providers and patients on older adults’ satisfaction with RC.
Changes in Cardiovascular Structure and Physiology Following Polystyrene Nanoparticle Exposure
Authors: Lett Zachary , Skidmore Shelby , Alves Nathan
Published: December 2020

Background 
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a growing concern in recent decades due to the proliferation and ease of manufacturing regarding plastics products.  Polystyrene (PS), being one the most abundant plastic polymers, is the subject of frequent studies due to its ubiquitous nature.  Trophic transfer, inhalation, and dermal exposure are all routes by which humans may be exposed to MPs every day.  There are undoubtedly more physiological consequences than we are currently aware of; however, many of these concerns are beginning to be better understood.    Their distribution throughout the body dictates the potential threats to human health.  The cardiovascular system is potentially the most susceptible, as it is the first medium the MPs are exposed to after entering the body.  Consequently, the cardiovascular system and thrombus generation is one such area where much recent attention has been allocated.   
Project Methods 
Data was gathered from a variety of well-established research articles to review the relationship between PS exposure and thrombus formation in vivo.  Additionally, this review looks at documented effects of MPs on platelet aggregation and discusses mechanisms through which these pathologies take place.   
Results 
PS plastics have varying impact on thrombus formation contingent upon both surface modifications and particle size.  Aminated PS appears to be the most potent regarding the generation of thrombi in vivo.  Literature on platelet aggregation is more consistent, with most studies revealing that carboxylated and aminated forms enhance aggregation while unmodified PS had insignificant effects. 
Conclusion/Potential Impact 
There is substantial ambiguity surrounding this field and more studies need to be conducted to reveal the full extent of pathologies caused by PS microplastics.  Most studies have been done with marine life, which may not accurately reflect MPs effects in humans.  Further research will allow us to begin developing viable solutions for those most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases.
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Authors: Perez Javier , Moe Sharon , Chen Neal , Avin Keith
Published: December 2020

Background:  
Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction occur with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression leading to morbidity, mortality, and falls. Skeletal muscle dysfunction may be due to impaired fatty acid (FA) oxidation and enhanced pyruvate oxidation as demonstrated in preliminary metabolomic data. We performed multiple techniques to assess the extent of muscle dysfunction and associated pathways, including: systematic review and meta-analysis,  assays of disease progression and FA metabolism, expression of markers associated with skeletal muscle FA metabolism and pyruvate oxidation.  
 
Methods:  
Meta-analysis: Multiple databases were used to identify relevant studies of muscle atrophy in preclinical and clinical models.  
Experimental Study: 1)CKD rats and 2)Normal littermates (N=12/gr) at 35 weeks. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus were harvested at sacrifice. Serum Biochemistry: Plasma BUN, calcium and phosphorus were analyzed using colorimetric assays. Carnitine Assay: Plasma carnitine levels was measured using ELISA kit. Protein Expression: Western blots with the lysate of EDL and soleus to determine the activity levels of PDH and PDK4. 
 
Results:   
A total of 4685 studies were screened in the meta-analysis, of which 646 were relevant. Subsequent steps are to perform full text review and data extraction. Animal studies: BUN and phosphorus were significantly increased in CKD compared to normal. Carnitine levels were significantly decreased in CKD rats compared to normal. PDH was not significantly different in the EDL or soleus. PDK4 is yet to be performed.  
 
Conclusions:  
The extent to which muscle atrophy occurs will be identified in the meta-analysis. Elevated BUN confirmed disease and carnitine assay confirmed low carnitine levels in CKD. Identifying low carnitine has led to an interventional study of carnitine supplementation to determine if there was improved FA oxidation. Testing of PDK4 is needed to determine significance of pyruvate regulation. Reviewing the literature and understanding the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy in CKD will allow future targeted therapeutics.
Determination of Fetal Spinal Cord Measurement for Every Gestation Age
Authors: Qureshi Hamna , Marine Megan Beth , Supakal Nucharin , Forbes-Amrhein Monica
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
Tethered spinal cord is challenging to identify in fetuses. If untreated, tethered spinal cord can result in neurologic weakness and sensory loss in the lower half of the body. The goal of this study is to develop a library of normal ratios of the position of the conus medullaris relative to the spinal canal from normal fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations at each gestation age. This will allow for early identification of tethered spinal cord and timely intervention. We hypothesize that the ratios will decrease throughout pregnancy as the level of the conus medullaris rises. 
Experimental Design or Project Methods: 
In this pilot study, a retrospective review of fetal MRIs from patients between 20-38 weeks gestation age were examined. Exclusion criteria included fetuses with fetal spinal or central nervous system anomalies, VACTERL, ventral wall defects, scoliosis, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. The length from the fetal obex to the conus medullaris was measured and defined as the spinal cord length. The length of the obex to the caudal thecal sac was defined as the spinal canal length. The ratio of the spinal cord length to the spinal canal length was calculated. The ratios at each gestation age were compared using ANOVA (p < 0.05). 
Results: 
A total of 225 patients were reviewed. We observed a statistically significant decreasing trend in fetal spinal ratios from 20-38 weeks of gestation age. The average ratio at 20 weeks gestation age is 0.756 and at 38 weeks is 0.696.  
Conclusion and Potential Impact: 
This retrospective pilot study of fetal MRIs will establish reference values for the ratio of spinal cord to spinal canal lengths at progressing gestation ages. Ultimately, these ratios can establish normal values for identification of tethered spinal cord during the fetal period, thereby allowing early intervention to mitigate complications.
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among Community Dwelling Older Adults: Impact of Covid-19
Authors: Seibert Tara , Perkins Anthony , Fowler Nicole
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent in adults age 65 and older. Numerous factors impact the mental health of older adults including changes in overall health, isolation, and financial stress. Emotional support reduces the risk of mental illness. 12.2% of adults 65 and older “rarely” or “never” receive the social and emotional support they need. We hypothesize that the Covid-19 pandemic and associated shelter in place orders will increase symptoms of anxiety and depression in community dwelling older adults.  
 
Methods: 
We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected pre and post Covid-19 from a sample in Indiana from the Caregiver Outcomes of Alzheimer’s Disease Screening Trial (COADS) and a national sample from the Understanding America Study (UAS). 1,299 and 2,465 adults age 65 and older from Indiana and a nationwide sample, respectively, answered the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). The PHQ-4 is a validated 4-item screening tool for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mean PHQ-4 scores were compared pre and post Covid-19 for both samples to explore the impact of Covid-19 on symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population.  
 
Results: 
No significant change in PHQ-4 scores pre and post Covid-19 were observed between the Indiana (1.23, 1.13, p-value=0.474) or the national samples (1.38, 1.35, p-value=0.793). An increase was observed in national depression scores, determined by a PHQ-4 subset score, post Covid-19 compared to pre Covid-19, but not statistically significantly higher (0.54, 0.56, p-value=0.679).  
 
Conclusions and Implications: 
In a sample of 3,764 participants, the mental health of adults age 65 and older nationwide remained steady despite unprecedented pandemic and social isolation. The mental health of older adults is known to be an important topic and the potential for the pandemic to exacerbate symptoms of anxiety or depression makes this a critical issue for both clinicians and researchers.
Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Harjas , Kaur Harleen , Singh Kanhaiya , Sen Chandan
Published: December 2020

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), is currently a pandemic. Although pulmonary health has been the primary focus of studies during the early days of COVID-19, development of a comprehensive understanding of this emergent disease requires knowledge of all possible disease manifestations in affected patients.  
 
Methods: This PRISMA-compliant review focuses on cutaneous manifestations reported in COVID-19 patients. Literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to examine various cutaneous manifestations related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Published articles related to search criteria from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to June 30, 2020 were included. In total 56 articles were used for data collection.  
 
Results: Unique to many other symptoms of COVID-19, its cutaneous manifestations have been found in people of all age groups including children. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are varied and include maculopapular, chilblain-like, urticarial, vesicular, livedoid, and petechial lesions. In addition, rashes are common in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a new and serious health condition that shares symptoms with Kawasaki disease and is likely related to COVID-19. Lastly, personal protective equipment (PPE)-related skin complications are of serious concern since broken cutaneous barriers can create an opening for potential COVID-19 infections and by inadvertently spreading the virus. 
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: As this virus continues to spread silently, mainly through asymptomatic carriers, an accurate and rapid identification of these cutaneous manifestations may be vital to early diagnosis and lead to possible better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review provides a detailed analysis on the changes in skin morphology related to COVID-19 and discusses plausible underlying molecular mechanisms. Study of these cutaneous manifestations, their pathogenesis as well their significance in human health will help define COVID-19 in its entirety which is a prerequisite to its effective management.
The Effects of Multiple Exposure Ethanol on Barrier Tightness and Passive Permeability in a Human Stem Cell Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Model.
Authors: Stoffel Ryan , Bell Kameron , Canfield Scott
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
Numerous animal studies have shown the negative aspects of ethanol at sustained concentrations as well as the intense depressive effects of multiple ethanol exposures on the central nervous system. Chronic ethanol use as a possible contributor to earlier onset neurocognitive decline has been indicated. A portion of these studies have implicated that ethanol exposure induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment; however, these effects are not completely understood. In humans the BBB serves as a protective barrier that restricts the passage of nutrients, metabolites, and pathogens into the central nervous system from the blood and is essential in protecting the brain tissue from harmful substances. We hypothesize that multiple doses of pathologically-relevant ethanol will cause decreased BBB tightness and increase passive permeability. 
Experimental Design: 
In this study, we utilized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to assess the effects ethanol has on barrier tightness and passive permeability through the BBB. BMECs were treated with multiple exposures of 50mM ethanol and transendothelial electrical resistance and sodium fluorescein permeabilities were measured. Trolox, a free radical scavenger, was used to identify if ethanol-induced barrier damage could be salvaged by reducing its oxidative impact. 
Results: 
Upon multiple exposure treatment with ethanol, iPSC-derived BMECs displayed diminished transendothelial electrical resistance and elevated sodium fluorescein permeability when compared to non-treated BMECs. Additionally, BMECs that were treated simultaneously with Trolox and ethanol had reduced barrier damage compared to ethanol treatment alone. 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: 
From these results, we conclude that multiple ethanol exposure-induced barrier damage in iPSC-derived BMECs, is in part due to elevated oxidative stress. Disruption of the BBB can potentiate a number of negative effects on the brain parenchyma and can lead to earlier onset neurocognitive decline. Alcohol’s impact on the BBB must be studied to ensure we limit these effects.
Is Breast Implant Associated Autoimmune Disorders Independent of Silicone?
Authors: Suh Lily , Drake Connor , Khan Imran , Neumann Colby , Hassanein Aladdin , Sinha Mithun
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast implant illness (BII) is a systemic autoimmune complication associated with breast implants. Breast implants are used for cosmetic augmentation, reconstructive surgery post-breast cancer treatment, or for prophylactic mastectomy. Thus, these implants are important for quality of life of the subjects. Through this work, we sought to characterize breast implant associated autoimmune disorders and discuss possible causes for its etiology. 
 
Methods: The PubMed and OVID databases were interrogated from 1990-2020 using a query strategy including search term combinations of “implants”, “breast implant illness”, “autoimmune”, “systemic illness”. 
 
Results: BII includes a spectrum of autoimmune symptoms such as fatigue, myalgias/arthralgias, dry eyes/mouth, and rash. Review of epidemiological studies in the past thirty years exhibited evidence affirming an association between breast implants and autoimmune diseases. The most commonly recognized were Sjogren’s, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and Raynaud’s syndrome. Explantation resulted in alleviation of symptoms in over 50% patients, strengthening the hypothesis associating breast implants to these problems. Studies have shown silicone is a biologically inert material and unlikely to be the cause of these symptoms. This is supported by the fact that increased risk of autoimmune disease was also reported in patients with other implantable biomaterials such as orthopedic implants. Recent studies conducted by our group and other researchers shed light on a possible role of bacterial biofilm and subsequent host-pathogen interactions as a confounding factor to this problem. 
 
Conclusion: BII could be dependent on biofilm infection and the microenvironment around the implants. Should explantation of the implant continue to be the gold standard for treatment, or should more research be done to treat the underlying cause? The true pathophysiology behind these complaints must be further investigated so that accurate treatment regimens other than explantation can be developed. Translational significance of these studies is not limited to breast implants but extends to other implants as well.
Matrisome Deregulation in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Tedrow Jessica , Wang Ji , Mitra Anirban
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: Over 75% of ovarian cancer (OC) patients present with metastasis upon initial diagnosis. Since most are treated for metastatic disease, it is crucial that developing therapies target metastasis. Our analysis of OC transcriptomic changes revealed key changes in the matrisome. Matrisome genes are associated with tissue modulus and disease progression, yet comprehensive understanding of many of their contributions to OC is lacking. We hypothesize that matrisomal OC genes will have clear impacts on clinical outcomes.  
Project Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 11 paired OC primary tumors and metastases were identified using RNA-seq analysis. The DEG were compared with data from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells seeded on an organotypic 3D culture model of omentum. The overlapping genes are deregulated during early metastasis and remain relevant in advanced metastasis in OC patients. Kaplan-Meier Plots were generated to identify gene relationships with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).  
Results: 845 genes between metastases and primary tumors and 1,182 genes between early and advanced metastatic colonization were differentially expressed; 144 genes were shared. These 144 genes were compared with matrisome proteins differentially expressed between malignant and non-malignant HGSOC cell populations. 28 genes correlated with tissue modulus, 19 with disease score, and 17 with both. Of the 30 matrisome genes correlating with either, 21 decreased PFS and 24 decreased OS.  
Conclusion and Potential Impact: We have identified a matrisome signature sustained throughout metastatic tumor development. Many of these genes’ mechanisms contributing to OC metastasis and therapeutic relevance have yet to be determined. In addition to influencing cell-cell communications, mechanotransduction, and metastasis progression, the altered matrisome can affect drug delivery to tumors. Further studies may guide understanding of pathways in matrisome alteration during cancer progression and reveal future targets for chemotherapy or combination immunotherapies.
A Retrospective Comparison of In Silico Pharmaceutical Recommendations with Tumor Board Recommendations in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Turner Jacob , Johnson Travis , Helm Bryan , Pollock Karen , Huang Kun
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: 
The objective of this study was to analyze available whole genome sequencing from an adolescent male patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS) in 2014. OS is a primary bone malignancy that most commonly affects the pediatric population. Precision medicine techniques provide new opportunities to improve treatment of OS patients. Pharmaceutical annotation tools such as PharmacoDB and DGIdb can help indicate chemotherapy agents that may benefit patients based on their molecular profiles. We hypothesize that these tools can indicate genome-specific chemotherapy agents for OS after genomic data has been aligned and analyzed.  
 
Project Methods: 
A PDX pipeline and retrospective study were performed that identified and compared pharmaceutical treatment options from software tools with the chemotherapy provided. Gene alignment and variant calling were used to process and analyze DNA sequencing data; germline and somatic mutations were also identified. Ensembl VEP was used for variant annotation. PharmacoDB and DGIdb were then applied to identify potentially beneficial medications. 
 
Results: 
Gene variant annotation indicated 54 potentially high impact mutations. Of these, DGIdb identified 15 drug-gene interactions. PharmacoDB identified no drugs that target any of the genes containing the 54 high impact mutations. For the entire mutated gene list, DGIdb identified 398 drug-gene interactions. After gene set enrichment, DGIdb identified medications targeting genes of pathways such as “O-glycan processing” and “Diseases of glycosylation”. Potentially harmful variants in the NPRL3 gene were identified. Because NPRL3 is a component of the Gator1 complex that serves as a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the identified variants in NPRL3 could have played a role in the patient’s OS. 
 
Potential Impact: 
This study will foster future collaborations to evaluate the pharmaceutical tool recommendations for this patient’s derived cell lines. These efforts will determine the efficacy of and identify improvements for computational treatment recommendation systems.
Reprogramming Glial Cells into Functional Neurons to Treat SCI
Authors: Wang Manda , Wu Wei , Xu Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: 
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) disrupt descending neural pathways that are required for motor function. Among these tracts, the most important for forelimb function is the corticospinal tract (CST). Mature CNS neurons typically fail to regenerate after injury due to an extrinsic inhibitory environment and an intrinsic incapability to grow. After SCI, a major inhibitory component at the lesion site consists of NG2 glial cells. Decreasing the amount of NG2 around the lesion should create a more permissive environment for CST regeneration. We hypothesize that NG2 glial cells at the lesion site can be reprogrammed into functional neurons, which can then facilitate CST regeneration and synapse formation, leading to functional recovery. 
 
Methods: 
Dorsal hemisections of the spinal cord at C5 were performed on 29 adult mice in three groups. Reprogramming of glial cells was completed using a Lenti-SOX2 virus. BrdU and AAV8-GFP were administered to each mouse to trace the proliferating cells and CST, respectively. After sacrificing, the spinal cord tissue was harvested, cryosectioned, and mounted on slides. NeuN and BrdU immunofluorescence staining were performed and high-quality images were obtained using a Neurolucida microscope system equipped with fluorescence.  
 
Results: 
We successfully stained proliferating cells using BrdU and neurons using NeuN. Imaging collection is carried out in a blinded fashion and is not yet complete. However, initial data on a subset of obtained images have shown signs of CST regenerating through the lesion site rather than retracting from it.  
 
Conclusion/Impact:  
Preliminary data suggests that reprogramming of NG2 glial cells into functional neurons is an effective method of promoting CST regeneration after SCI. With the annual incidence of SCI of approximately 17,810 new cases, further studies are required to determine if this approach would promote motor functional recovery and, if so, can be translated to treatments to improve quality of life for those who suffer from SCI.
Exosomes: New Advances in the Translational Potential of the “Garbage Bag”
Authors: Watson Brandon , Ghatak Subhadip
Published: December 2020

Bidirectional cell-cell communication via paracrine mechanisms involving nano-sized extracellular vesicles have emerged as a predominant mechanism of cellular signaling. Unlike other shedding vesicles of similar size, exosomes selectively package their cargo using defined mechanisms within the cells. Recent research on exosome signaling describes a messenger-recipient cell dichotomy. The heterogeneous origin of exosome populations, although previously described, has as-yet been incompletely characterized using this dichotomy and thus does not currently provide a complete understanding of exosome populations. In this work, we outline the fundamentally bidirectional nature of exosomes and replace this dichotomy with a messenger-recipient-effector network formed by repackaging and rerelease events. This network further confounds the determination of messenger cell identity among an already heterogeneous exosome population and has major implications for future clinical application. Redefining the axiom of exosome signaling provides a route for future research to consider a multi-system-based approach and underscores a need for enhanced identification methods. This shift also has implications for the use of exosomes as therapeutic agents. Exosome biogenesis and its manipulation will be crucial for the development of curative endogenous exosomes and their synthetic, exogenously produced counterparts. Directed cargo loading, optimal shell composition, and robust production platforms are just some of the design aspects that need to be considered. As tissue-specific therapeutic agents, exosome design will also need to incorporate repackaging mechanics to prevent off-target effects and increase efficacy. A comprehensive current understanding of exosome biogenesis mechanisms amidst the heterogenous EV population will propel the field towards clinical viability.
O ENSINO SUPERIOR PELAS LENTES DO JORNAL CORREIO DE UBERLÂNDIA (1950 – 1970)
Authors: Souza Sauloéber Tarsio de
Published: December 2020

Abordamos aqui as representações veiculadas pelo jornal Correio de Uberlândia em torno do processo de criação e expansão do ensino superior no Triângulo Mineiro, no período entre os anos de 1950 e 1970. Foram catalogadas e digitalizadas 1495 notícias, sendo que 598 (40%) relacionavam-se ao ensino superior. A partir do final da década de 1950, o número de notícias com esse tema cresce exponencialmente, decorrente da criação e estruturação da Escola de Engenharia, das Faculdades de Direito, de Filosofia e de Ciências Econômicas, que dariam origem a Fundação Universitária, posteriormente, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Já em fins da década de 1960 o protagonismo seria das Faculdades de Medicina e de Odontologia. A criação dessas instituições era apresentada atrelada ao projeto de desenvolvimento local, reflexo do nacional, assim, o jornal alimentava o imaginário da população, vinculando a ideia da cidade de Uberlândia enquanto metrópole regional, buscando projetar esse município no cenário nacional, fomentando investimentos estatais e privados, atraindo migrantes para a região.
1968: ELES SÓ QUERIAM MUDAR O MUNDO
Authors: Luiz Lucas Da Silva
Published: December 2020

Em um mundo onde os movimentos sociais ainda engatinham precariamente, sufocados pelos regimes autoritários, exclusão das minorias, e ainda pela opressão exercida pela classe dominante, o livro:  1968: Eles só queriam mudar o mundo, elaborado pelos jornalistas Regina Zappa e Ernesto Soto discorrem sobre os elementos artísticos, culturais e sociais que marcaram o ano de 1968, no Brasil e no mundo. Buscando resgatar através das experiências, relatos, e as lutas travadas no período, os jornalistas ressaltam a partir do livro, memórias e fatos que influenciaram os desencadeamentos dos movimentos sociais na década de 60 e a busca da liberdade coletiva.  Em um mundo onde os movimentos sociais ainda engatinham precariamente, sufocados pelos regimes autoritários, exclusão das minorias, e ainda pela opressão exercida pela classe dominante, o livro:  1968: Eles só queriam mudar o mundo, elaborado pelos jornalistas Regina Zappa[1] e Ernesto Soto[2] discorrem sobre os elementos artísticos, culturais e sociais que marcaram o ano de 1968, no Brasil e no mundo. Buscando resgatar através das experiências, relatos, e as lutas travadas no período, os jornalistas ressaltam a partir do livro, memórias e fatos que influenciaram os desencadeamentos dos movimentos sociais na década de 60 e a busca da liberdade coletiva. *[1] Regina Zappa é jornalista, escritora, e professora universitária, formada pela Universidade de Georgetown, em Washington. É autora de vários livros, entre eles: Chico Buarque para todos, Hugo Carvana e Gilberto Bem Perto. Zappa relata, como em virtude dos movimentos do ano 1968 no Brasil ficou emocionada, sobretudo pela morte do estudante Edson Luís, no qual ainda fica perplexa pelos acontecimentos gerados.[2] Ernesto Soto é formado em jornalismo pela Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia (FNF), no Rio de Janeiro. Participou de 1968 como estudante, jornalista e militante político.
A EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR COMO ARTE CULINÁRIA: ALIMENTAÇÃO, GÊNERO E SENSIBILIDADES NA HISTÓRIA (NATAL, 1914-1945)
Authors: Diniz de Souza Vitória
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é identificar as práticas discursivas e não-discursivas acerca da educação alimentar produzidas pela Escola Doméstica que visavam educar os sentidos e sensibilidades das futuras “donas de casa” formadas pela escola. Essa instituição de ensino doméstico foi inaugurada em 1914 na cidade do Natal no Rio Grande do Norte. Visto que, nesse período, surgiu a defesa da educação alimentar nas escolas em conjunto de diversas iniciativas políticas de intervenção desse espaço. Sendo as mulheres o principal objeto desses discursos que atribuíam a elas e a sua educação principal meio para promover essas transformações. Portanto, esses discursos visavam a produção de novas práticas alimentares a partir da educação dos sentidos e das sensibilidades promovendo novos modos de subjetivação.
“SE AS GLÓRIAS MILITARES MATASSEM A FOME”: A ALIMENTAÇÃO NA MARINHA IMPERIAL BRASILEIRA DURANTE A GUERRA DA TRÍPLICE ALIANÇA
Authors: Oliveira Filho Sergio Willian de Castro , Costa Pierre de Messias Luana
Published: December 2020

Uma guerra não se resume ao campo de batalha e à efetivação do combate entre os beligerantes. Uma exigência da existência humana é a alimentação, de modo que a necessidade de abastecimento aos combatentes existe desde muito antes da formalização do que denominamos atualmente de serviços de intendência. A Guerra da Tríplice Aliança Contra o Governo do Paraguai (1864-1870) impôs aos beligerantes imensos desafios à alimentação dos combatentes. No caso, da Marinha Imperial brasileira, tais desafios possuíam inúmeras peculiaridades relacionadas à vida a bordo. O objetivo desse artigo é, através da análise de variados tipos documentais (relatórios, cartas, diários, memórias, ofícios, Ordens Gerais), discutir aspectos relacionados à alimentação dos homens da Marinha do Brasil nessa guerra, abordando, tanto os momentos de carestia, quanto as raras, mas existentes, ocasiões em que alguns desses combatentes puderam alimentar-se para além da mera necessidade de sobrevivência. Além disso, serão analisados os gêneros consumidos, a relação entre alimentação e saúde e as formas de abastecimento e armazenamento dos víveres a bordo.
ALIMENTAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DA PRIMEIRA GUERRA MUNDIAL: BERLIM E SEUS ESPAÇOS DE CULTIVO URBANO
Authors: Lima Angela Bernadete
Published: December 2020

Os diversos aspectos relacionados a alimentação sempre foram foco de análise dos historiadores e, de forma especial nos últimos anos, tem-se buscado associar essa atividade vital com outros elementos relacionados a sua produção e seu consumo. Nesse sentido, este artigo trata de alguns aspectos relacionados a alimentação no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial e no pós-guerra na cidade de Berlim na Alemanha. O intuito é evidenciar como os moradores da cidade buscaram alternativas à escassez alimentar que imperava naquele momento e de que formas os espaços urbanos eram utilizados para produção de alimentos, seguindo uma prerrogativa de cultivos urbanos já presente no cotidiano da cidade desde o século XIX.Palavras-chave: escassez alimentar, agricultura urbana, guerra
Physician beliefs and management practices of coexistent Asthma-Allergic Rhinitis: Indian results from multi-country ASPAIR study
Authors: Markandeywar Neeraj , Kubal Vaibhav , Khosla Indu , Shantakumar Sumitra , Hinds David
Published: December 2020

Frequent coexistence and strong etiological linkage between asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) result in higher burden with comorbid condition than individual disease.

To understand attitude, perceptions, and current management practices among general practitioners (GPs) and pediatricians towards coexistent asthma-AR.

A cross sectional survey was conducted in India, China, Malaysia, Vietnam, etc. Results presented here are focused on India. Physicians working in public and private sector of 10 Metropolitan cities were approached in person for this survey.

A representative national sample of physicians was recruited at hospitals and clinics using a probability-based sampling methodology for a total of 200 physician in India.

98 GPs and 102 pediatricians in India were surveyed. Clinical features and family history of atopy was used by 96% and 82% physicians, respectively to form a diagnosis of asthma. 54% of physicians enquired about common triggers, 48% conducted spirometry. 25% of physicians used patient outcome questionnaires to assess control. AR was diagnosed by nasal (91% of physicians) or ocular symptoms (72% of physicians) and 32% performed skin prick test or serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE). In uncontrolled coexisting asthma-AR, 78% of physicians modified treatment, 21% of physicians referred to a specialist. 88% of physicians were concerned that treating both conditions required added medications, 59% of physicians felt managing both simultaneously was difficult, and 55% of physicians believed it was enough to manage more severe condition.

Study highlights low implementation of guidelines despite awareness and need for continued medical education to encourage appropriate diagnosis and management of co-existent asthma-AR.

Though the physicians are aware of the guidelines, there was poor utilization in clinical practice. This indicates a need for increase in awareness of guideline recommendations on co existent asthma-AR and improving management of patients. This also eludes to the development of an easy to use diagnostic tool for asthma- AR co-existence.
An experimental approach to comparative thermal behavior of rubber and metallic clutch dampers
Authors: GENÇ Mehmet Onur , KONAKÇI Süleyman , KAYA Necmettin
Published: December 2020

Clutch is one of the most important components in automobile powertrain systems. The torque generated in an engine is transmitted by friction faces of a clutch disc between pressure plate and flywheel. In addition to transmitting engine torque, the clutch disc has the task of preventing torsional engine vibrations from reaching the powertrain. To achieve this task, the clutch disc is fitted with torsional dampers which have metallic compression springs. Another solution is to use rubber springs instead of metallic ones. Recently rubber materials are widely demanded particularly in the automotive industry with the advantages of high damping capability, lightweight and low cost. In a traffic jam condition, numerous engagement and disengagement create incremental thermal load and temperature increase due to slippage between friction faces. The temperature level in the clutch house is expected to affect material properties of damping components assembled inside the clutch disc. In this paper, the rubber and metallic damper springs were investigated experimentally at the expected temperatures and dynamic loads during driving conditions. Thus, the thermal behavior of rubber springs in the clutch system was observed with the novel approach. Damper torque characteristics, cooling rates and loss of stiffness change with time and frequency have been revealed comparatively. Safety factor coefficient selection for damper torque has the major importance at the system in which the stiffness varies within time due to dynamic loads. In conclusion, the clutch disc used with rubber springs needs correct analysis in terms of design. Results show that how to safety actor should be chosen more attentively for clutch disc used with rubber spring on automobiles and related calculations have to be done before the design phase.