bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING: EVIDENCE FROM GLOBAL SYSTEMICALLY IMPORTANT BANKS (G-SIBs)
Authors: GALEONE GRAZIANA , RANALDO SIMONA , SHINI MATILDA , DICUONZO GRAZIA
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the issue of environmental pollution and climate change has led the scientific debate to focus on social issues, environmental protection, and human rights, deepening the topic of sustainable economic development. To provide stakeholders evidence on economic, environmental, and social performance, all corporate organizations must supplement traditional financial reporting tools with Non-financial information, following numerous standards, frameworks, and guidelines. The topic of Non-financial disclosure is widely investigated with reference to industrial companies, while the financial institution sector represents a context that is still little explored. Indeed, financial institutions are significant promoters of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and even if their operations do not have direct impacts on the environment, they can encourage the allocation of their capital in socially responsible investments, thus contributing to the spread of sustainability culture in the financial system and among citizens. This paper analyzes the main sustainability frameworks, standards, and guidelines used by global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) for disclosure on environmental aspects along with social and governance factors, investigating the attention degree of financial institutions toward the sustainability issue.
Major Determinants and Way Forward for Korea-India Relations: A Korean Perspective
Authors: KIM CHANWAHN
Published: October 2023

The year 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties between Korea and India. On the occasion of this golden jubilee, this study aims to first understand the major determinants for Korea-India relations since the Cold War. It will then highlight the way forward for further strengthening bilateral cooperation between Korea and India from a Korean perspective. The study found that the economic aspect was the main driving force for relations between Korea and India until recently. With the emergence of the Indo-Pacific era, political and security dimensions have also become important driving forces, especially due to the China factor. However, despite upgrading their strategic partnership as “special” in 2015, the two countries have not yet formulated an action plan on how to strengthen and specifically cooperate within it. There is a need to establish a blueprint for how Korea and India will develop their special strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific era. In this situation, this study suggests four areas where Korea and India can promote and strengthen their relations in the coming years: minilateralism such as Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and India (KAII) in the Indo-Pacific area, para and city diplomacy, cooperation in the defense industry, and economic cooperation on major Chinese export items to India.
STNWeb: A new visualization tool for analyzing optimization algorithms
Authors: Sartori Camilo Chacón , Blum Christian , Ochoa Gabriela
Published: October 2023

STNWeb (https://www.stn-analytics.com/) is a new web tool for the visualization of the behavior of optimization algorithms such as metaheuristics. It allows for the graphical analysis of multiple runs of multiple algorithms on the same problem instance and, in this way, it facilitates the understanding of algorithm behavior. It may help, for example, in identifying the reasons for a rather low algorithm performance. This, in turn, can help the algorithm designer to change the algorithm in order to improve its performance. STNWeb is designed to be user-friendly. Moreover, it is offered for free to the research community. An article summarizing STNWeb has been recently published in the Software Impacts Journal.
Comparative Analysis of the Prox Penalty and Bregman Algorithms for Image Denoising
Authors: Bougueroua Soulef , Daili Nourreddine
Published: October 2023

Image restoration is an interesting ill-posed problem. It plays a critical role in the concept of image processing. We are looking for an image that is as near to the original as possible among images that have been skewed by Gaussian and additive noise. Image deconstruction is a technique for restoring a noisy image after it has been captured. The numerical results achieved by the prox-penalty method and the split Bregman algorithm for anisotropic and isotropic TV denoising problems in terms of image quality, convergence, and signal noise rate (SNR) are compared in this paper. It should be mentioned that isotropic TV denoising is faster than anisotropic. Experimental results indicate that the prox algorithm produces the best high-quality output (clean, not smooth, and textures are preserved). In particular, we obtained (21.4, 21) the SNR of the denoising image by the prox for sigma 0.08 and 0.501, such as we obtained (10.0884, 10.1155) the SNR of the denoising image by the anisotropic TV and the isotropic TV for sigma 0.08 and (-1.4635, -1.4733) for sigma 0.501.
Risk and Reliability Assessment of Metal Lathe Machining Operation with DBN‐FFTA Hybrid Approach
Authors: Mandali Hassan , Ghasemi Fakhradin , Farshad Ali Asghar , Moradi Hanifi Saber , Abedi Kamaladdin , Ghorbani Mohammad , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: October 2023

A metal lathe is a high‐performance tool used in the field of metalworking to remove excess material and shape metal parts. However, engaging in metal turning operations carries risks that can lead to serious accidents and physical harm. It is crucial to ensure that these systems are functioning correctly, as any malfunction or flaw can lead to dangerous situations. To maintain safety in industrial environments, it is important to assess the risks and reliability of the equipment. A study was conducted using a method called fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA), combined with fuzzy logic, to determine the probability of basic events. Bayesian networks (BNs) were utilized to update probabilities and overcome limitations of the fault tree (FT). A Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) was employed to estimate the reliability of a metal lathe in a specific scenario. The FT identified 57 root events and estimated the probability of workpiece FLY‐OUTS as 0.03174329 using the FT method and 0.031505849 using the BN method. Based on the predictions of the DBN, system reliability decreased by 19.89% after 24 months. The FT diagram comprehensively captured all the factors associated with FLY‐OUTS, highlighting that improper closing of the part on the tool was a significant contributing factor. The study concludes by proposing safety measures for turning operations based on the identified critical events.
Supplementary Figures 1-23 from Immune Cell Abundance and T-cell Receptor Landscapes Suggest New Patient Stratification Strategies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Secrier Maria , McGrath Lara , Ng Felicia , Gulati Sakshi , Raymond Amelia , Nuttall Barrett R. B. , Berthe Julie , Jones Emma V. , Sidders Ben S. , Galon Jérôme , Barrett J. Carl , Angell Helen K.
Published: October 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 shows differences in immune cell infiltration/activity between the five immunity groups. Supplementary Figure 2 shows correlation in inferred cell abundance between distinct immune cell subpopulations in the TME of HNSCC tumours. Supplementary Figure 3 shows validation of immune phenotypes in n=520 HNSCC TCGA samples. Supplementary Figure 4 shows PD-L1 expression in TCGA immunity groups. Supplementary Figure 5 shows tumour microenvironment landscapes by HPV status. Supplementary Figure 6 shows differences in immune cell infiltration by HNSCC tumour sites of origin. Supplementary Figure 7 shows overall survival differences by immunity subgroup in the discovery cohort. Supplementary Figure 8 shows overall survival differences by immunity subgroup in the TCGA cohort (n=518). Supplementary Figure 9 shows differences in total mutational burden (log 10 scale) between the five immunity subgroups. Supplementary Figure 10 shows the tumour mutational burden is inversely correlated with the observed richness of the TCR repertoire. Supplementary Figure 11 shows exhaustion and TCR repertoire variation in relation to subclonality. Supplementary Figure 12 shows the top prevalent signatures in the cohort, as inferred by deconstructSigs. Supplementary Figure 13s shows somatic mutations across the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT kinase signalling pathway components. Supplementary Figure 14 shows correlation between the expression of genes in the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway and TCR productive clonality. Supplementary Figure 15 shows correlation between the expression of genes in the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway and the observed richness of the TCR repertoire. Supplementary Figure 16 shows expression of 29 (out of 52) receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream genes in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways was measurable using the Nanostring gene expression panel. Supplementary Figure 17 shows validation of EGFR expression trends by immunity group in TCGA. Supplementary Figure 18 shows modelling the two immunity classes (high/low) based on signalling of all measurable genes across tyrosine kinase pathways. Supplementary Figure 19 shows expression of markers associated with high cytotoxicity across the immunity groups. Supplementary Figure 20 shows expression of TLS-specific signature genes and chemokine signalling by HPV status. Supplementary Figure 21 shows IHC protein staining for CD8+/CD3+ T cells and Treg markers (FOXP3, GITR) by HPV status. Supplementary Figure 22 shows validation of TLS signature trends in TCGA. Supplementary Figure 23 shows the TLS signature score is weakly correlated with the productive clonality of the TCR repertoire.
Data from Immune Cell Abundance and T-cell Receptor Landscapes Suggest New Patient Stratification Strategies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Secrier Maria , McGrath Lara , Ng Felicia , Gulati Sakshi , Raymond Amelia , Nuttall Barrett R. B. , Berthe Julie , Jones Emma V. , Sidders Ben S. , Galon Jérôme , Barrett J. Carl , Angell Helen K.
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a molecularly and spatially heterogeneous disease frequently characterized by impairment of immunosurveillance mechanisms. Despite recent success with immunotherapy treatment, disease progression still occurs quickly after treatment in the majority of cases, suggesting the need to improve patient selection strategies. In the quest for biomarkers that may help inform response to checkpoint blockade, we characterized the tumor microenvironment (TME) of 162 HNSCC primary tumors of diverse etiologic and spatial origin, through gene expression and IHC profiling of relevant immune proteins, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. We identified five HNSCC TME categories based on immune/stromal composition: (i) cytotoxic, (ii) plasma cell rich, (iii) dendritic cell rich, (iv) macrophage rich, and (v) immune-excluded. Remarkably, the cytotoxic and plasma cell rich subgroups exhibited a phenotype similar to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which have been previously linked to immunotherapy response. We also found an increased richness of the TCR repertoire in these two subgroups and in never smokers. Mutational patterns evidencing APOBEC activity were enriched in the plasma cell high subgroup. Furthermore, specific signal propagation patterns within the Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways associated with distinct immune phenotypes. While traditionally CD8/CD3 T-cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression (e.g., PD-L1) have been used in the patient selection process for checkpoint blockade treatment, we suggest that additional biomarkers, such as TCR productive clonality, smoking history, and TLS index, may have the ability to pull out potential responders to benefit from immunotherapeutic agents.
Significance:
Here we present our findings on the genomic and immune landscape of primary disease in a cohort of 162 patients with HNSCC, benefitting from detailed molecular and clinical characterization. By employing whole-exome sequencing and gene expression analysis of relevant immune markers, TCR profiling, and staining of relevant proteins involved in immune response, we highlight how distinct etiologies, cell intrinsic, and environmental factors combine to shape the landscape of HNSCC primary disease.
Systemic Type 2 Inflammation-Associated Atopic Dermatitis Exacerbates Periodontitis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Ziyuan , Jiang Wenting , Ma Yinchao , Wang Haoyan , Xue Yintong , Li Yan , Gao Xiang , Hao Jie , Wang Yuedan , Chen Feng , Chu Ming
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by Th2 cell-mediated type 2 inflammation. Emerging evidence indicated that AD patients exhibit an increased incidence of oral disorders. In the present study, we sought mechanistic insights into how AD affects periodontitis. Methods: Onset of AD was induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Furthermore, we induced periodontitis (P) in AD mice. The effect of AD in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in gingiva was evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry were used to investigate histomorphology and cytology analysis, respectively. RNA sequencing of oral mucosa is used tissues to further understand the dynamic transcriptome changes. 16S rRNA microbial analysis is used to profile oral microbial composition. Results: Compared to control group, mice in AD group showed inflammatory signatures and infiltration of a proallergic Th2 (Th2A)-like subset in oral mucosa but not periodontitis, as identified by not substantial changes in mucosa swelling, alveolar bone loss, and TRAP+ osteoclasts infiltration. Similarly, more Th2A-like cell infiltration and interleukin-4 levels were significantly elevated in the oral mucosa of DNCB-P mice compared to P mice. More importantly, AD exacerbates periodontitis when periodontitis has occurred and the severity of periodontitis increased with aggravation of dermatitis. Transcriptional analysis revealed that aggravated periodontitis was positively correlated with more macrophage infiltration and abundant CCL3 secreted. AD also altered oral microbiota, indicating the re-organization of extracellular matrix. Conclusions: These data provide solid evidence about exacerbation of periodontitis caused by type 2 dermatitis, advancing our understanding in cellular and microbial changes during AD-periodontitis progression.
Re-Irradiation after Radical Dose Radiotherapy: A Case Report Challenging an Established Dogma
Authors: Chong Lee Na , Hughes Thomas Michael
Published: October 2023

Traditionally, external beam radiation therapy has a dogma pronouncing that re-irradiation of a region previously exposed to radical dose radiotherapy is contraindicated due to unacceptable risk to surrounding tissues. This edict is often zealously maintained to the detriment of certain, carefully selected patients that may benefit from re-irradiation. Liposarcoma is a high-grade malignancy with a poor prognosis and high rates of recurrence. A case is described of multiply recurrent liposarcoma that we treated with re-irradiation of an extended field encompassing the gross recurrent tumor mass and including the previously irradiated region. The patient had a very good cosmetic outcome and remained disease-free after 3 years of follow-up. The case demonstrates the potential to significantly improve patient care if established dogmas are challenged related to the re-irradiation of recurrent high-grade tumors. We propose that with careful patient selection, re-irradiation can be delivered safely to patients with recurrent tumors and contribute to improved clinical outcomes.
A Rare Association of Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Chinnadurai Anu , Strum Scott , Ghassemian Artin , Fortin Dalilah , Foster Cheryl , Breadner Daniel
Published: October 2023

This case report outlines a 70-year-old female patient who presented with a concurrent mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and a gastric adenocarcinoma. Her treatment course of these two diseases is summarized, which included supportive care, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for her gastric adenocarcinoma, steroids, rituximab, and surgical resection of the tumor. This approach ultimately led to the stabilization of her AIHA and primary cure for her solid malignancy. We briefly review both AIHA and gastric adenocarcinoma as clinical entities, propose working causes of hemolytic anemia including gastric adenocarcinoma, and outline a successful treatment pathway for these two concurrent conditions.
Is YouTube a Reliable Source of Information on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Arab World?
Authors: Bajaba Raghad Y. , Aljerrari Shahad S. , Al-Bukhari Aroob E. , Qadah Mashael H. , Thabit Abrar K.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge that the public should be aware of. YouTube is a major educational source on the internet from which the public could learn about AMR. We aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of AMR videos on YouTube catered to Arabic speakers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, where the Arabic term of AMR was used to search for AMR videos on YouTube published in Arabic. Videos that were non-Arabic, targeted children, and did not target the public, and TV reports/interviews were excluded. Views and interactions with the videos were evaluated. The quality and reliability were assessed using global quality scale (GQS) and DISCERN tool, respectively. Results: Of 366 videos in search results, 96 met the eligibility criteria. Most videos came from Egypt (n = 27; 28.9%), followed by Saudi Arabia (n = 22; 22.9%). Although videos from official sources have stayed longer on YouTube (1,348 vs. 844 days; p = 0.025), videos from unofficial sources had a significantly higher score of viewers’ interaction based on views and likes counts (2 vs. 5; p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the two video groups in GQS score (3 vs. 3; p = 0.307) and DISCERN score (3 vs. 3; p = 0.412). Conclusion: Arabic AMR videos on YouTube from official and unofficial sources had an overall good quality and reliability. Healthcare providers can refer their patients to videos that meet such criteria regardless of their source. Additionally, authorities and public health organizations can use these videos in awareness campaigns on antibiotics and AMR.
Xenorhabdus bakwenae sp. n., associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema bakwenae
Authors: Ritter Carla L. , Malan Antoinette P. , Dicks Leon M.T.
Published: October 2023

The bacterial strain SF857 was isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema bakwenae SF857, found in soil samples of St Lucie cherry, a species of cherry tree, from the Muriti farm, close to Kroondal (25°44′E, 59°99′S) in the northwest province of South Africa. Strain SF857 is Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-negative, and lecithinase-positive. Strain SF857 shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.7%) with the type strain of Xenorhabdus ishibashii. However, a comparison of housekeeping gene sequences showed that strain SF857 grouped closer to X. griffiniae, X. ehlersii and X. thuongxuanensis than to X. ishibashii. Digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) between strain SF857 and all Xenorhabdus spp. is less than the 70% species threshold, confirming that the strain belongs to a separate species. Furthermore, the biochemical characteristics of strain SF857 differ from other Xenorhabdus spp. Based on these findings, strain SF857 represents a novel species within the genus Xenorhabdus, for which the name Xenorhabdus bakwenae sp. n. (type strain SF857T) is proposed. Pathogenicity bioassays with last-instar Cydia pomonella showed S. bakwenae to be highly virulent, with potential use as a biocontrol agent in apple orchards.
Tackling potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults: development of deprescribing criteria by consensus from experts in Colombia, Argentina, and Spain
Authors: De las salas Roxana , Vaca-González Claudia , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier , Torres-Espinosa Catalina , Figueras Albert
Published: October 2023

Background

Potentially inappropriate medication use is prevalent among older adults in primary care, leading to increased morbidity, adverse drug reactions, hospitalizations, and mortality. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool for identifying PIMs in older adults within the primary care setting. The tool is composed of a list of criteria and was created based on consensus among experts from three Spanish-speaking countries, including two from Latin America.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to identify existing tools, and prescription patterns were evaluated in a cohort of 36,111 older adults. An electronic Delphi method, consisting of two rounds, was used to reach a formal expert consensus. The panel included 18 experts from Spain, Colombia, and Argentina. The content validity index, validity of each content item, and Kappa Fleiss statistical measure were used to establish reliability.

Results

Round one did not yield a consensus, but a definitive consensus was reached in round two. The resulting tool consisted of a list of 5 general recommendations per disease, along with 33 criteria related to potential problems, recommendations, and alternative therapeutic options. The overall content validity of the tool was 0.87, with a Kappa value of 0.69 (95% CI 0.64—0.73; Substantial).

Conclusions

The developed criteria provide a novel list that allows for a comprehensive approach to pharmacotherapy in older adults, intending to reduce inappropriate medication use, ineffective treatments, prophylactic therapies, and treatments with an unfavorable risk–benefit ratio for the given condition. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of these criteria on health outcomes.
Screening for developmental delay in urban Rwandan children: a cross sectional study
Authors: Tuyisenge Victoire , Mushimiyimana Febronie , Kanyamuhunga Aimable , Rukabyarwema Jean Paul , Patel Archana A. , O’Callahan Cliff
Published: October 2023

Background

Systematic or targeted screening for developmental delay (DD) is critical to the early identification of developmental disabilities. With limited available information for urban Rwandan children, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of DD and associated risk factors in infants aged 9 to 16 months living in the urban Rwandan city of Kigali.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rwanda from August to November 2019. A convenience sample of 376 Rwandan parents/caregivers and their children attending urban health centers for their routine immunization visits at 9 and 15 months of age was studied. Parents/caregivers completed the official Kinyarwandan version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) and established cutoffs were used to identify DD. Frequency and percentages were used to summarise the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with DD.

Results

Of the 358 children screened using the ASQ-3, the overall prevalence of DD was 24.6%, with a 27.2% prevalence among 9–10-month old children and 22.4% prevalence among 15–16-month old children. Delays in the combined group among the domains of gross motor, communication, fine motor, personal social, and problem solving were 12.8%, 2.5%, 8.4%, 1.7% and 7.5%, respectively. Gestational age at delivery and district of origin were most highly associated with DD, with preterm children at significantly higher risk of having DD compared to term children (Adjusted Odd Ratio AOR = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.5–27.4) and children from Nyarugenge District at high risk of DD compared to children from Gasabo district (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.2–3.9).

Conclusions

The prevalence of ASQ-detectable DD among urban Rwandan children between 9 and 16 months of age was 24.6%, with a high correlation to a history of prematurity and district of origin. This study demonstrates the need for thoughtful health planning regarding integrated developmental surveillance for children, particularly those at high risk, to allow for earlier identification and intervention in the urban area of Kigali, Rwanda.
Bayesian spatial modelling of intimate partner violence and associated factors among adult women and men: evidence from 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Maposa Innocent , Twabi Halima S. , Matsena-Zingoni Zvifadzo , Batidzirai Jesca M , Singini Geoffrey , Mohammed Mohanad , Bere Alphonce , Kgarosi Kabelo , Mchunu Nobuhle , Nevhungoni Portia , Moyo-Chilufya Maureen , Ojifinni Oludoyinmola , Musekiwa Alfred
Published: October 2023

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a global public health concern for both men and women. Spatial mapping and clustering analysis can reveal subtle patterns in IPV occurrences but are yet to be explored in Rwanda, especially at a lower small-area scale. This study seeks to examine the spatial distribution, patterns, and associated factors of IPV among men and women in Rwanda.

Methods

This was a secondary data analysis of the 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) individual-level data set for 1947 women aged 15–49 years and 1371 men aged 15–59 years. A spatially structured additive logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors for IPV while adjusting for spatial effects. The district-level spatial model was adjusted for fixed covariate effects and was implemented using a fully Bayesian inference within the generalized additive mixed effects framework.

Results

IPV prevalence amongst women was 45.9% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 43.4–48.5%) while that for men was 18.4% (95% CI: 16.2–20.9%). Using a bivariate choropleth, IPV perpetrated against women was higher in the North-Western districts of Rwanda whereas for men it was shown to be more prevalent in the Southern districts. A few districts presented high IPV for both men and women. The spatial structured additive logistic model revealed higher odds for IPV against women mainly in the North-western districts and the spatial effects were dominated by spatially structured effects contributing 64%. Higher odds of IPV were observed for men in the Southern districts of Rwanda and spatial effects were dominated by district heterogeneity accounting for 62%. There were no statistically significant district clusters for IPV in both men or women. Women with partners who consume alcohol, and with controlling partners were at significantly higher odds of IPV while those in rich households and making financial decisions together with partners were at lower odds of experiencing IPV.

Conclusion

Campaigns against IPV should be strengthened, especially in the North-Western and Southern parts of Rwanda. In addition, the promotion of girl-child education and empowerment of women can potentially reduce IPV against women and girls. Furthermore, couples should be trained on making financial decisions together. In conclusion, the implementation of policies and interventions that discourage alcohol consumption and control behaviour, especially among men, should be rolled out.
Development and psychometric evaluation of perceived clinical nurses’ professional dignity scale: a sequential-exploratory mixed-method study
Authors: Khachian Alice , Ebadi Abbas , Mardani-Hamooleh Marjan , Bagheri Hosein , Abbasi Ali
Published: October 2023

Background

In recent years, one of the concepts that has received attention in the nursing profession is professional dignity. On the other hand, there was no proper scale to evaluate this concept. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of perceived clinical nurses’ professional dignity scale (PCNPDS).

Methods

This exploratory sequential mixed method was developed and implemented in Iran. The study was conducted in two phases; (a) item generation by hybrid concept analysis and (b) item reduction by psychometric evaluation including validity and reliability of the developed scale. Also, the interpretability (ceiling and floor effect), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute stability (standard error of measurement) were calculated.

Results

68 items in the primary item pool were finally reduced to 22 items after evaluating the validity (face, content, and construct validity) and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (organizational dignity, dignity-based competency, and dignity-based appreciation) and explained 47.55% of the total extracted variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a good fit. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, McDonald’s omega, ICC, and SEM were calculated as 0.90, 0.89, 0.96, and 1.91, respectively.

Conclusion

The 22-item developed scale is valid and reliable for professional dignity measurement among Iranian clinical nurses.
Navigating the facilitation journey: a qualitative, longitudinal evaluation of ‘Eat Walk Engage’ novice and experienced facilitators
Authors: Harvey Gillian , Collyer Sarah , McRae Prue , Barrimore Sally E. , Demmitt Camey , Lee-Steere Karen , Nolan Bernadette , Mudge Alison M.
Published: October 2023

Background

The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) and integrated-PARIHS (i-PARIHS) frameworks position facilitation as an overarching strategy to enable implementation. In the revised i-PARIHS framework, facilitation is operationalised through a multi-level model with novice, experienced and expert facilitators working together in a network structure to build facilitation knowledge and skills along a continuum. To date, there has been limited evaluation of this facilitation model in practice, which is the aim of the study reported here.

Methods

A descriptive, qualitative longitudinal study was undertaken to track a team of four novice and two experienced facilitators involved in facilitating the implementation of an intervention known as ‘Eat Walk Engage’ to improve multidisciplinary team delivery of age-friendly care principles in hospital. Over an 18-month period, repeat interviews were conducted to explore the learning, development, and evolving roles of novice facilitators and the roles of the experienced facilitators in providing support and mentoring. Interview data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative approach and findings were interpreted in collaboration with the participating facilitators.

Results

The findings demonstrated experiential learning in both the novice and experienced facilitator groups as they enacted their roles in practice. The novice facilitators progressively transitioned to becoming more experienced facilitators and the experienced facilitators became increasingly expert, in line with the i-PARIHS concept of a facilitation journey from novice to expert. Strategies to support this development included a staggered approach to learning, regular meetings between the experienced and novice facilitators, reflective writing and informal peer support and networking. However, the roles were not without challenge and these challenges changed over time, from a more specific focus on the demands of the facilitator role to concerns about embedding and sustaining improvements in practice.

Conclusions

Within a network of peers and a mentored relationship with more experienced facilitators, individuals who are new to an implementation facilitator role can transition along a continuum to become experienced facilitators. Building implementation facilitation capability in this way takes time and requires tailored support and mentorship using a mix of structured and flexible approaches incorporating opportunities for reflection to support individual and group learning.
Combination of GT90001 and nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 1b/2 study
Authors: Hsu Chiun , Chang Yi-Fang , Yen Chia-Jui , Xu Yu-Wei , Dong Min , Tong You-Zhi
Published: October 2023

Background

GT90001 (also known as PF-03446962) is an anti-ALK-1 monoclonal antibody and has shown activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This phase 1b/2 study was designed to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GT90001 plus nivolumab, and assess the safety and anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced HCC.

Methods

Patients with advanced HCC were recruited from 3 centers. Eligible patients in the dose de-escalation stage received the GT90001 on day 1 of a 14-day cycle in a rolling-six design with a fixed dose of nivolumab (3.0 mg/kg). Patients in dose-expansion stage received the RP2D of GT90001 plus nivolumab. Primary endpoint was safety. Key secondary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) as per RECIST 1.1.

Results

Between July 9, 2019, and August 8, 2022, 20 patients were treated (6 in phase 1b; 14 in phase 2) and evaluable for analysis. In phase 1b, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and GT90001 7.0 mg/kg was confirmed as the RP2D. Common grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were platelet count decreased (15%). No deaths due to AEs were reported. Confirmed ORR and disease control rate were 30% (95% CI, 14.6%-51.9%) and 40% (95% CI, 21.9%-61.3%), respectively. Median duration of response was not calculated (95% CI, 7.39 months to not calculated). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.81 months (95% CI, 1.71–9.33), with 6-month and 12-month PFS rates of 35% and 25%, respectively. One patient with multiple intra- and extra-hepatic metastases was diagnosed with pseudo-progression upon GT90001 plus nivolumab exposure.

Conclusions

GT90001 plus nivolumab has a manageable safety profile and promising anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced HCC.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03893695.
Prescription pattern analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Ziad Elnaz , Sadat Somayeh , Farzadfar Farshad , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of polypharmacy and more susceptible to irrational prescriptions; therefore, pharmacological therapy patterns are important to be monitored. The primary objective of this study was to highlight current prescription patterns in T2DM patients and compare them with existing Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. The second objective was to analyze whether age and gender affect prescription patterns.

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) prescription database. It was mined by an Association Rule Mining (ARM) technique, FP-Growth, in order to find co-prescribed drugs with anti-diabetic medications. The algorithm was implemented at different levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, which assigns different codes to drugs based on their anatomy, pharmacological, therapeutic, and chemical properties to provide an in-depth analysis of co-prescription patterns.

Results

Altogether, the prescriptions of 914,652 patients were analyzed, of whom 91,505 were found to have diabetes. According to our results, prescribing Lipid Modifying Agents (C10) (56.3%), Agents Acting on The Renin-Angiotensin System (C09) (48.9%), Antithrombotic Agents (B01) (35.7%), and Beta Blocking Agents (C07) (30.1%) were meaningfully associated with the prescription of Drugs Used in Diabetes. Our study also revealed that female diabetic patients have a higher lift for taking Thyroid Preparations, and the older the patients were, the more they were prone to take neuropathy-related medications. Additionally, the results suggest that there are gender differences in the association between aspirin and diabetes drugs, with the differences becoming less pronounced in old age.

Conclusions

Almost all of the association rules found in this research were clinically meaningful, proving the potential of ARM for co-prescription pattern discovery. Moreover, implementing level-based ARM was effective in detecting difficult-to-spot rules. Additionally, the majority of drugs prescribed by physicians were consistent with the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.
Changes in coagulation markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their predictive value for Mycoplasma severity
Authors: Li Yong-tao , Zhang Ju , Wang Meng-zhu , Ma Yu-Mei , Zhi Ke , Dai Fu-Li , Li Shu-jun
Published: October 2023

Background

This study investigates the correlation between coagulation levels and the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. In addition, the study analyses the predictive value of coagulation abnormalities in MPP combined with necrotising pneumonia (NP).

Methods

A total of 170 children with MPP who underwent treatment between June 2021 and February 2022 were selected for this study. The study population was divided into groups according to the severity of the disease to compare differences in the incidence of coagulation abnormalities between the groups. The participants were also divided into groups according to imaging manifestations to compare the differences in coagulation function among the different groups. All data information was processed for statistical analysis using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 7.0 statistical analysis software.

Results

The incidence of coagulation abnormalities in the children in the severe MPP (SMPP) group was significantly higher than that in the normal MPP (NMPP) group (P < 0.05). The multi-factor logistic regression analysis revealed that the D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for the development of NP in SMPP (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in D-dimer, fibrinogen degeneration products (FDP), neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase and serum ferritin for predicting SMPP combined with NP. Bronchoscopic manifestations of coagulation indicators (D-dimer and FDP levels) were significantly higher in the mucus plug group than in the non-mucus plug group, while the activated partial thromboplastin time levels were lower in the former than in the latter (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The degree of elevated D-dimer and FDP levels was positively correlated with the severity of MPP, with elevated serum D-dimer levels (> 3.705 mg/L) serving as an independent predictor of MPP combined with NP in children.
Influence of taping on force sense accuracy: a systematic review with between and within group meta-analysis
Authors: Ghai Shashank , Ghai Ishan , Narciss Susanne
Published: October 2023

Taping is a common technique used to address proprioceptive deficits in both healthy and patient population groups. Although there is increasing interest in taping to address proprioceptive deficits, little is known about its effects on the kinetic aspects of proprioception as measured by force sense accuracy. To address this gap in the literature, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of taping on force sense accuracy. A search for relevant literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across seven databases and one register. Eleven studies with 279 participants were included in the review out of 7362 records. In the between-group analyses, we found a significant improvement in absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy with taping compared to no comparator. Likewise, a significant improvement in absolute (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy was also observed with taping compared to placebo tape. In the within group analysis, this reduction in the absolute (p = 0.11) force sense accuracy was not significant. Additional exploratory subgroup analyses revealed between group improvement in force sense accuracy in both healthy individuals and individuals affected by medial epicondylitis. The findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies and a lack of blinded randomized controlled trials, which may impact the generalizability of the results. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the overall effect of taping on force sense accuracy.
Comparing the effects of traditional resistance training and functional training on the bio-motor capacities of female elite taekwondo athletes
Authors: Khazaei Leila , Parnow Abdolhossein , Amani-shalamzari Sadegh
Published: October 2023

Background

The capabilities of the biomotors are essential to the success of the taekwondo athlete. This study aimed to compare eight weeks of functional training and traditional resistance on the bio-motor capacities of elite female taekwondo athletes.

Methodology

Seventeen elite taekwondo athletes (mean age = 21.7 years, mean height = 167.2 cm and mean weight = 60.8 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: functional training (FT) and traditional resistance training (TRT). Participants trained for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, for 75–90 min. Aerobic power, anaerobic power, speed, reaction time, agility, muscle power, dynamic balance, flexibility, upper and lower body muscle strength, core and upper body muscle endurance, and blood lactate level were measured before and after training programs.

Results

Non-significant differences were observed in all indicators between the FT and TRT groups (P > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement in time-related outcomes except for fatigue and flexibility (P > 0.05). There was significant progress in both groups in aerobic power, muscle power, speed, agility, reaction time, lower body strength, upper body strength, dynamic balance of the right leg, and dynamic balance of the left leg indices from pre to post-tests. The FT group displayed significant improvement in peak power (P = 0.006) and mean power (P = 0.015) from pre- to post-test.

Conclusion

Both interventions improved most biomotor abilities in elite female taekwondo athletes. It should be noted that since muscle power is vital for taekwondo, therefore, it is recommended to include FT in the taekwondo workout program.
Unveiling microbial diversity in deep geothermal fluids, from current knowledge and analogous environments
Authors: Bregnard Danaé , Leins Alessio , Cailleau Guillaume , Vieth-Hillebrand Andrea , Eichinger Florian , Ianotta Joy , Hoffmann Richard , Uhde Joerg , Bindschedler Saskia , Regenspurg Simona , Junier Pilar
Published: October 2023

Extreme environments on Earth host a large diversity of microbial life. Bacteria, archaea, and fungi are able to survive under one or several extreme conditions including extreme ranges of temperature, pressure, pH or salinity. Despite extensive research on extremophilic microorganisms, a relatively unexplored frontier within the study of the deep biosphere is the survey of the diversity of microorganisms inhabiting deep geothermal reservoirs used for energy production. These sites offer unique access to investigate life in the deep biosphere. The conditions in these reservoirs are often within the range of the known limits of life, which makes them a suitable habitat for various extremophilic microorganisms. Moreover, microbial-driven processes such as microbially induced scaling or corrosion can decrease the efficacy of geothermal power plant systems. The present review summarizes the current knowledge and uncertainties surrounding microbial life in deep geothermal reservoirs. As the knowledge in deep geothermal fluids is still scarce, the microbial diversity in analogous environments, such as surface geothermal springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents or deep subsurface environments, is also summarized here. The high diversity of microorganisms inhabiting these analogous environments suggests that deep geothermal fluids may host an unsuspected microbial diversity. Moreover, the challenges associated to the study of microorganisms in geothermal fluids are reviewed. These include notably challenges linked to sampling, DNA extraction from low biomass samples, DNA amplification and sequencing of unknown communities, and biases induced by comparison of the sequences obtained to reference databases. Such biases are even stronger concerning fungi and archaea, as specific databases are less extensive than those for bacteria. A broader knowledge on microorganisms in deep geothermal fluids may not only allow to reduce the negative impact of microbial activity in geothermal power plants, but could also provide new insights into the evolution of microorganisms and their survival in extreme environments.
Pediatric lawn mower-related injuries and contributing factors for bystander injuries
Authors: Jennissen Charles A. , Krupp Treyton D. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Hoogerwerf Pamela J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Riding lawn mower injuries are the most common cause of major limb loss in young U.S. children. Our study objective was to investigate the circumstances surrounding pediatric riding lawn mower injuries and to identify potential contributing risk factors and behaviors leading to these events.

Methods

Followers/members of both a public and a private lawn mower injury support and prevention Facebook page who had or were aware of children who had suffered a lawn mower-related injury were invited to complete an electronic survey on Qualtrics. Duplicate cases and those involving push mowers were removed. Frequencies and chi-square analyses were performed.

Results

140 injured children were identified with 71% of surveys completed by parents and 19% by an adult survivor of a childhood incident. The majority of injured children were Caucasian (94%), male (64%), and ≤ 5 years of age at the time of the incident (63%). Bystanders were 69% of those injured, 24% were lawn mower riders, and mower operators and others accounted for 7%. The lawn mower operator was usually male (77%), being the father/stepfather in almost half. Overall, 59% of injuries occurred while traveling in reverse, 29% while moving forward. Nearly all (92%) had an amputation and/or permanent disability. Subgroup analysis (n = 130) found injured bystanders were younger than injured passengers with 71% versus 45% being < 5 years of age, respectively (p = 0.01). Over three-quarters of bystander incidents occurred while moving in reverse as compared to 17% of passenger incidents (p < 0.01). Amputations and/or permanent disabilities were greater among bystanders (97%) as compared to passengers (79%, p = 0.01). Only 3% of bystanders had an upper extremity injury as compared to 21% of passengers (p = 0.01). Seventy-three percent of bystander victims had received at least one ride on a lawn mower prior to their injury incident.

Conclusions

Child bystanders seriously injured by riding lawn mowers were frequently given prior rides likely desensitizing them to their inherent dangers and leading them to seek rides when mowers were being used. Engineering changes preventing blade rotation when traveling in reverse and not giving children rides (both when and when not mowing) may be critical in preventing mower-related injuries.