bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending the Conversion Rate of Sulfur Infiltrated into Microporous Carbon in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Para María L. , Calderón Cecilia A. , Drvarič Talian Sara , Fischer Florent , Luque Guillermina L. , Barraco Daniel E. , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Dominko Robert
Published: February 2022

Infiltration of sulfur into microporous carbon enables the use of carbonate‐based electrolytes due to the formation of a compact cathode electrolyte interface. Passivation of the surface prevents direct contact between electrolyte and sulfur. Consequently, the mechanism of sulfur conversion is changed to a quasi‐solid‐state mechanism with a single sloping plateau related to sulfur conversion in the narrow pores. The narrow size of pores determines the overall pore volume of the microporous carbon and with that sulfur maximum ratio within carbon‐sulfur composite. Additionally, a confinement of sulfur in the narrow pores has an impact on sulfur conversion into Li2S2/Li2S due to volumetric changes when sulfur is reduced. In this work, we show that the degree of the conversion of sulfur into end discharge products can be extended by lowering the cutoff potential during the discharge process. A higher degree of conversion process causes cracks in the carbon structure enabling a significant increase of capacity while a compact and flexible passivation layer prevents contact with the electrolyte. Quasi solid‐state reduction of sulfur is kinetically more favored compared to the consequent oxidation process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show diffusional restrictions in the lower part of the discharge curve that can be correlated with hindered transport due to volumetric changes caused by the reduction of sulfur into Li2S2/Li2S.
Nutrient‐sensing amyloid metastasis
Authors: Lima Luís Maurício T. R. , Sisnande Tháyna
Published: February 2022

Amyloids are organized suprastructural polypeptide arrangements. The prevalence of amyloid‐related processes of pathophysiological relevance has been linked to aging‐related degenerative diseases. Besides the role of genetic polymorphisms on the relative risk of amyloid diseases, the contributions of nongenetic ontogenic cluster of factors remain elusive. In recent decades, mounting evidences have been suggesting the role of essential micronutrients, in particular transition metals, in the regulation of amyloidogenic processes, both directly (such as binding to amyloid proteins) or indirectly (such as regulating regulatory partners, processing enzymes, and membrane transporters). The features of transition metals as regulatory cofactors of amyloid proteins and the consequences of metal dyshomeostasis in triggering amyloidogenic processes, as well as the evidences showing amelioration of symptoms by dietary supplementation, suggest an exaptative role of metals in regulating amyloid pathways. The self‐ and cross‐talk replicative nature of these amyloid processes along with their systemic distribution support the concept of their metastatic nature. The role of amyloidosis as nutrient sensors would act as intra‐ and transgenerational epigenetic metabolic programming factors determining health span and life span, viability, which could participate as an evolutive selective pressure.
Strategic motives and performance implications of proactive versus reactive environmental strategies in corporate sustainable development
Authors: Chan Ricky Y. K. , Lai Jennifer W. M. , Kim Namwoon
Published: February 2022

This study proposes and empirically tests a model delineating how different environmental motives would affect the practice of proactive and reactive environmental strategies, and ultimately corporate market performance. It also explores the moderating role of competitive intensity for the motive−strategy and strategy−performance relationships. By surveying manufacturing firms operating in the Pearl River Delta region of China, the study has derived several important findings. To summarize, the findings reveal that while performance‐based motivation drives the practice of proactive environmental strategy, it curtails the practice of reactive environmental strategy. Conversely, regulation‐based motive exerts exactly opposite influences on these two strategies. The findings further highlight that proactive environmental strategy directly enhances corporate market performance, and this enhancing effect will be strengthened as competitive intensity increases. However, reactive environmental strategy is found not to exert any significant direct influence on such performance, and competitive intensity does not moderate this influence too. Last, while competitive intensity does not moderate the positive influence of promotion‐based motive on proactive environmental strategy, it strengthens the negative influence of this motive on reactive environmental strategy. These findings furnish several significant academic and practical implications for pursuing corporate sustainable development.
High‐speed rotational atherectomy in coronary artery calcification: The randomized ROTAXUS and PREPARE‐CALC trials
Authors: Liang Bo , Gu Ning
Published: February 2022

Background

The clinical outcomes of high‐speed rotational atherectomy (RA) to optimize target lesion preparation in coronary artery calcification (CAC) have been examined in several trials.

Aims

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RA for CAC.

Methods

Patient data were pooled from ROTAXUS and PREPARE‐CALC. The primary endpoint was the in‐stent late lumen loss and major adverse cardiac events at 9 months. Secondary endpoints included in‐segment late lumen loss, binary restenosis, strategy success, procedural duration, and contrast amount.

Results

Four hundred and forty patients were enrolled from Germany in this study, 220 patients were randomized to the RA group and 220 patients were randomized to the Control group. Despite similar baseline characteristics, significantly more patients in the Control group were crossover (14.1% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.0001), resulting in higher strategy success in the RA group (95.0% vs. 82.3%, p < 0.0001). At 9 months, in‐stent late lumen loss was higher in the RA group (0.34 ± 0.52 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.47 mm, p = 0.03) and procedural duration was longer in the RA group (76.3 ± 41.8 min vs. 67.0 ± 38.8 min, p = 0.02). major adverse cardiac events (17.8% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.06), in‐segment late lumen loss (0.28 ± 0.66 mm vs. 0.17 ± 0.55 mm, p = 0.05), binary restenosis (7.3% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.71 in‐stent; 7.7% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.62 in‐segment), and contrast amount (215.5 ± 112.5 ml vs. 203.7 ± 96.5 ml, p = 0.24) were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Lesion preparation with upfront RA before drug‐eluting stent implantation is feasible in CAC, is more strategy successful, and is associated with excessive in‐stent late lumen loss and excellent clinical outcomes at 9 months although longer procedural duration.
Acute hepatitis A infection‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult presenting as impending acute liver failure: A case report and literature review
Authors: Termsinsuk Panotpol , Sirisanthiti Piyaporn
Published: February 2022

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has been reported as a severe complication of various viral infections but unusual for the hepatitis A virus. We report a case of 25‐year‐old man with hepatitis A infection‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and impending acute liver failure to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Ankle arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary rod with fins for highly destructive joints in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A report of two cases
Authors: Takahashi Shun , Kondo Naoki , Kijima Yasufumi , Kakutani Rika , Ishikawa Hajime , Kawashima Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Herein, we present two cases of older adult patients with highly destructive changes in ankle joints (Larsen grade IV) who underwent retrograde intramedullary ankle nail fixation with fins. In both patients, bony union was achieved, and full weight‐bearing was attained at 3 months after surgery.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hausmannite‐Activated Carbon Nanocomposites for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sayed Moubarak A. , Aly Hisham F. , Mahmoud Hazem H. , Abdelwahab Saad M. , Helal Abdel-Fattah I. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: February 2022

Nano‐hausmannite (Mn3O4; NH) was prepared together with its composites with activated carbon (AC), namely, HAC‐1 and HAC‐2. These materials were characterized by different techniques, and the adsorption properties of the studied sorbents NH, AC, HAC‐1, and HAC‐2 for Pb(II) were evaluated considering the effects of shaking time, pH, sorbent weight, initial Pb(II) concentrations, and temperature using batch experiments. The kinetics of sorption was described by the pseudo‐first‐order model. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted to the Sips model. The adsorption process was endothermic. Desorption experiments indicated that Pb(II) was released from the loaded adsorbents: NH, AC, HAC‐1, and HAC‐2 using 1.0 M HCl (97 % efficiency). Infrared spectral analysis suggested adsorption of Pb(II) through chemical bonding between the negatively charged functional groups of Mn–O, Mn–O–Mn, OH, and COO− with Pb(II).
Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for COX‐2 Targeted Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wangngae Sirilak , Siriwibool Siriwalee , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Wet‐osot Sirawit , Lai Rung‐Yi , Kamkaew Anyanee
Published: February 2022

We designed and synthesized two heptamethine cyanine‐based theranostic probes that aimed to target COX‐2 in cancer cells. One is I‐IR799‐CXB, in which I‐IR799 is conjugated to the COX‐2‐specific inhibitor, celecoxib, and another is I‐IR799‐IMC, where the non‐selective COX inhibitor, indomethacin, was used. I‐IR799 is a heptamethine cyanine derivative that can be activated by near‐infrared light for photodynamic therapy (PDT) purposes. I‐IR799‐CXB and I‐IR799‐IMC were tested for their cancer‐targeting capacity and photodynamic efficiency toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells relative to normal liver cells, alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells. Interestingly, after conjugation, I‐IR799‐IMC exhibited better tumour targetability and PDT efficiency than I‐IR799‐CXB.
Limitations and opportunities for tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast FNA
Authors: Balassanian Ronald , Vohra Poonam
Published: February 2022

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are difficult to reliably interpret in breast surgical pathology. Determining how to diagnose TILs in breast fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is particularly challenging but may lead to new applications and investigations for breast FNA.
A survey on applications of coalition formation in multi‐agent systems
Authors: Sarkar Samriddhi , Curado Malta Mariana , Dutta Animesh
Published: February 2022

The objective of coalition formation is to partition the agent set that gives the highest utility to the system. Over the past three decades, the process of coalition formation has been applied to various real‐life applications where agents need to form efficient groups to accomplish a task. This article presents a study of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches on the applications of coalition formation. In particular, it surveys the algorithmic approaches for optimizing the system's welfare. The algorithms are then analyzed based on a framework that consists of two dimensions: (i) the features of the problem environment, which gives an overview of the complexity level of the environment, and (ii) the features of the problem solver, which gives an overview of the solution quality. Our study analyses the approaches in terms of the framework mentioned above, justifies the use of the approaches in a particular problem setting, presents guidance to choose the right algorithmic approach for a problem at hand, and classifies the state‐of‐the‐art approaches according to their basic working principles. This article also presents possible future directions of work to the research community. This study shows that theoretical models need more research before they can be deployed in the real world.
The Role of Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic Interactions in Enhancing Two‐Photon Absorption in Green and Yellow Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Grabarek Dawid , Andruniów Tadeusz
Published: February 2022

The spectral properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) depend on the protein environment of the chromophore (CRO). A deeper understanding of the CRO – environment interactions in terms of FPs’ spectral characteristics will allow for a rational design of novel markers with desired properties. Here, we are taking a step towards achieving this important goal. With the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we calculate one‐ and two‐photon absorption (OPA and TPA) spectra for 5 green FPs (GFPs) and 3 yellow FPs (YFPs) differing in amino acid sequence. The goal is to reveal the roles of: (i) electrostatic interactions, (ii) hydrogen‐bonds (h‐bonds) and (iii) h‐bonds together with distant electrostatic field in absorption spectra tuning. Our results point to design hypothesis towards FPs optimised for TPA‐based applications. Both h‐bonds and electrostatic interactions co‐operate in enhancing TPA cross‐section (
) for the
transition in GFPs. Furthermore, it seems that details of h‐bonds network in the CRO's vicinity influences
response to CRO – environment electrostatic interactions in YFPs. We postulate that engineering FPs with more hydrophilic CRO's environment can lead to greater
. We also find that removing h‐bonds formed with the CRO's phenolate leads to TPA enhancement for transition to higher excited states than S1. Particularly Y145 and T203 residues are important in this regard.
Introducing Large Genomic Deletions in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR‐Cas3
Authors: Hou Zhonggang , Hu Chunyi , Ke Ailong , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2022

CRISPR‐Cas systems provide researchers with eukaryotic genome editing tools and therapeutic platforms that make it possible to target disease mutations in somatic organs. Most of these tools employ Type II (e.g., Cas9) or Type V (e.g., Cas12a) CRISPR enzymes to create RNA‐guided precise double‐strand breaks in the genome. However, such technologies are limited in their capacity to make targeted large deletions. Recently, the Type I CRISPR system, which is prevalent in microbes and displays unique enzymatic features, has been harnessed to effectively create large chromosomal deletions in human cells. Type I CRISPR first uses a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex called Cascade to find its guide‐complementary target site, and then recruits a helicase‐nuclease enzyme, Cas3, to travel along and shred the target DNA over a long distance with high processivity. When introduced into human cells as purified RNPs, the CRISPR‐Cas3 complex can efficiently induce large genomic deletions of varying lengths (1‐100 kb) from the CRISPR‐targeted site. Because of this unique editing outcome, CRISPR‐Cas3 holds great promise for tasks such as the removal of integrated viral genomes and the interrogation of structural variants affecting gene function and human disease. Here, we provide detailed protocols for introducing large deletions using CRISPR‐Cas3. We describe step‐by‐step procedures for purifying the Type I‐E CRISPR proteins Cascade and Cas3 from Thermobifida fusca, electroporating RNPs into human cells, and characterizing DNA deletions using PCR and sequencing. We focus here on human pluripotent stem cells due to their clinical potential, but these protocols will be broadly useful for other cell lines and model organisms for applications including large genomic deletion, full‐gene or ‐chromosome removal, and CRISPR screening for noncoding elements, among others. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of Tfu Cascade RNP

Support Protocol 1: Expression and purification of TfuCas3 protein

Support Protocol 2: Culture of human pluripotent stem cells

Basic Protocol 2: Introduction of Tfu Cascade RNP and Cas3 protein into hPSCs via electroporation

Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of genomic DNA lesions using long‐range PCR, TOPO cloning, and Sanger sequencing

Alternate Protocol: Comprehensive analysis of genomic lesions by Tn5‐based next‐generation sequencing

Support Protocol 3: Single‐cell clonal isolation
Discrimination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
The metabolism of valerylfentanyl using human liver microsomes and zebrafish larvae
Authors: Cooman Travon , Hoover Brianna , Sauvé Brianna , Bergeron Sadie A. , Quinete Natalia , Gardinali Piero , Arroyo Luis E.
Published: February 2022

Valerylfentanyl, a novel synthetic opioid less potent than fentanyl, has been reported in biological samples, but there are limited studies on its pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to elucidate the metabolism of valerylfentanyl using an in vitro human liver microsome (HLM) model compared with an in vivo zebrafish model. Nineteen metabolites were detected with N‐dealkylation—valeryl norfentanyl and hydroxylation as the major metabolic pathways. The major metabolites in HLMs were also detected in 30 day postfertilization zebrafish. An authentic liver specimen that tested positive for valerylfentanyl, among other opioids and stimulants, revealed the presence of a metabolite that shared transitions and retention time as the hydroxylated metabolite of valerylfentanyl but could not be confirmed without an authentic standard. 4‐Anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine (4‐ANPP), a common metabolite to other fentanyl analogs, was also detected. In this study, we elucidated the metabolic pathway of valerylfentanyl, confirmed two metabolites using standards, and demonstrated that the zebrafish model produced similar metabolites to the HLM model for opioids.
Tracking an invasion front with environmental DNA
Authors: Keller Abigail G. , Grason Emily W. , McDonald P. Sean , Ramón‐Laca Ana , Kelly Ryan P.
Published: February 2022

Data from environmental DNA (eDNA) may revolutionize environmental monitoring and management, providing increased detection sensitivity at reduced cost and survey effort. However, eDNA data are rarely used in decision‐making contexts, mainly due to uncertainty around (1) data interpretation and (2) whether and how molecular tools dovetail with existing management efforts. We address these challenges by jointly modeling eDNA detection via qPCR and traditional trap data to estimate the density of invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas), a species for which, historically, baited traps have been used for both detection and control. Our analytical framework simultaneously quantifies uncertainty in both detection methods and provides a robust way of integrating different data streams into management processes. Moreover, the joint model makes clear the marginal information benefit of adding eDNA (or any other) additional data type to an existing monitoring program, offering a path to optimizing sampling efforts for species of management interest. Here, we document green crab eDNA beyond the previously known invasion front and find that the value of eDNA data dramatically increases with low population densities and low traditional sampling effort, as is often the case at leading‐edge locations. We also highlight the detection limits of the molecular assay used in this study, as well as scenarios under which eDNA sampling is unlikely to improve existing management efforts.
The use of trail cameras to monitor species inhabiting artificial nest boxes
Authors: Surmacki Adrian , Podkowa Paweł
Published: February 2022

Artificial boxes are commonly used in studies of cavity‐dwelling animals of various taxa. One advantage of nest boxes is that cameras can be used to monitor animals inside the cavity, however, most cameras used today have to be built de novo or modified or are expensive.

Here, we describe a method for monitoring nest boxes using off‐the‐shelf models of trail cameras that can record photographs and videos in daylight and darkness (TCM; Trail Camera Method). The cameras can record sequentially within a given time lapse or an infra‐red motion sensor can be triggered by activity in the nest box.

Using TCM in a Great Tit (Parus major) nest box population, we studied the hourly pattern of the first egg laying and the first egg hatching. We found that Great Tits laid eggs within 2 h of the sunrise while the timing of hatching spanned the 24‐h day. Moreover, we found that the hour of hatching affects the nestlings’ mass on the 2nd day of life, but not on the 12th day of life.

Comparing to traditional nest box checks, TMC requires about 75% less time to obtain data on the timing of egg laying and hatching. Moreover, the hour estimation error was several orders of magnitude greater with the traditional method.

Our data demonstrate that commercially available trail cameras are an affordable and convenient method of monitoring artificial cavities. Trail cameras are small, standalone, weather‐proof devices with integrated powering, memory storage, lighting, and recording systems. They could be easily swapped between boxes or removed. After small modifications of the box, they could be used to monitor a wide variety of behaviors of many animal taxa.
Lateralization in feeding is food type specific and impacts feeding success in wild birds
Authors: Karenina Karina , Giljov Andrey
Published: February 2022

Current research suggests that hemispheric lateralization has significant fitness consequences. Foraging, as a basic survival function, is a perfect research model to test the fitness impact of lateralization. However, our understanding of lateralized feeding behavior is based predominantly on laboratory studies, while the evidence from wild animals in natural settings is limited. Here we studied visual lateralization in yellow‐footed green pigeons (Treron phoenicoptera) feeding in the wild. We aimed to test whether different types of food objects requiring different searching strategies elicit different eye/hemisphere biases. When feeding on relatively large, uniformly colored food objects (mahua flowers) which can be present or absent in the viewed patch, the majority of pigeons relied mostly on the left eye–right hemisphere. In contrast, when feeding on smaller and more abundant food objects, with color cues signaling its ripeness (sacred figs), right‐eye (left‐hemisphere) preference prevailed. Our results demonstrate that oppositely directed visual biases previously found in different experimental tasks occur in natural feeding situations in the form of lateralized viewing strategies specific for different types of food. The results suggest that pigeons rely on the hemisphere providing more advantages for the consumption of the particular type of food objects, implying the relevance of brain lateralization as a plastic adaptation to ecological demands. We assessed the success of food discrimination and consumption to examine the link between lateralization and cognitive performance. The use of the preferred eye resulted in better discrimination of food items. Discrimination accuracy and feeding efficiency were significantly higher in lateralized individuals. The results showed that visual lateralization impacted pigeons’ feeding success, implicating important fitness benefits associated with lateralization.
Estimating wolf abundance from cameras
Authors: Ausband David E. , Lukacs Paul M. , Hurley Mark , Roberts Shane , Strickfaden Kaitlyn , Moeller Anna K.
Published: February 2022

Monitoring the abundance of rare carnivores is a daunting task for wildlife biologists. Many carnivore populations persist at relatively low densities, public interest is high, and the need for population estimates is great. Recent advances in trail camera technology provide an unprecedented opportunity for biologists to monitor rare species economically. Few studies, however, have conducted rigorous analyses of our ability to estimate abundance of low‐density carnivores with cameras. We used motion‐triggered trail cameras and a space‐to‐event model to estimate gray wolf (Canis lupus) abundance across three study areas in Idaho, USA, 2016–2018. We compared abundance estimates between cameras and noninvasive genetic sampling that had been extensively tested in our study areas. Estimates of mean wolf abundance from camera and genetic surveys were within 22% of one another and 95% CIs overlapped in 2 of the 3 years. A single camera with many detections appeared to bias camera estimates high in 2018. A subsequent bootstrapping procedure produced a population estimate from cameras equal to that derived from genetic sampling, however. Camera surveys were less than half the cost of genetic surveys once initial camera purchases were made. Our results suggest that cameras can be a viable method for estimating wolf abundance across broad landscapes (>10,000 km2).
A specialist bee and its host plants experience phenological shifts at different rates in response to climate change
Authors: Weaver Sarah A. , Mallinger Rachel E.
Published: February 2022

Changes in climate can alter the phenology of organisms, potentially decoupling partners within mutualisms. Previous studies have shown that plant and pollinator phenologies are shifting over time, but these shifts have primarily been documented for generalists and within small geographic regions, and the specific climatic cues regulating these shifts are not well understood. We examined phenological shifts in a specialist pollinator and its host plant species over a 117‐year study period using a digitized data set of more than 4000 unique collection records. We assessed how climatic cues regulate these organisms’ phenologies using PRISM weather data associated with each record. We tested the hypothesis that rates of phenological change would be greater at northern latitudes. We found that the phenology of the specialist bee pollinator Habropoda laboriosa is changing over time, but at different rates across its range. Specifically, phenology is advancing to a greater degree in more northern populations, with increasing phenological advances of 0.04 days/year with each degree of latitude, and with a delay in phenology in more southern populations. In contrast, only one species in the host plant genus Vaccinium is experiencing phenological change over time. For this plant, rates of change are also variable across latitudes, but in a pattern opposite that of the bee; while phenology is advancing across its range, rates of advance are highest in more southern populations, with decreasing phenological advances of 0.01 days/year with each degree of latitude. The phenologies of both the bee and three of four Vaccinium spp. were regulated primarily by spring temperature, with phenologies overall advancing with increasing temperature, and with the strongest responses shown by the bee in northern populations. Our study provides partial support for the hypothesis that phenologies advance most at northern latitudes, but demonstrates that pollinators and plants do not adhere similarly to this prediction. Additionally, we illustrate the potential for phenological mismatch between a specialist pollinator and its host plants by showing that plants and pollinators are advancing their phenologies at different rates across space and time and with differing responses to changing climatic cues.
Align financial aid, marketing, admissions for recruitment success
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2022

AVENTURA, Fla. — Siena College is a small, Catholic, liberal arts college in the suburbs of Albany, N.Y. “It's the kind of school that's in danger right now,” said Ned Jones, Vice President for Enrollment Management.
The spatial diffusion of “multi‐station integration” and sustainable development: From the perspective of eight economic zones in China
Authors: Jian Jinhua , Liu Pingkuo , Hou Jianchao
Published: February 2022

China's power system driven by the ubiquitous power internet of things, a new operation mode—“multi‐station integration” (MSI) has emerged. The novel business model can improve the energy utilization efficiency and promote the cross‐border business integration. In some earlier studies, mainly focused on conceptual analysis of application scenarios and operation modes of MSI. However, quantitative analysis that measure MSI popularize remain under development. This article highlights the recent advance achievements in MSI of digital power grid regarding transformation of Chinese eight economic zones. From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, the gravity model provides a framework for describing the spatial diffusion of MSI mode relative to eight economic zones (EEZ) in China. In addition, compared to conventional gravity model, this study improved four aspects of the basic spatial gravity model ‐ diffusion capacity, absorptive capacity, the gravitation coefficient, and economic distance. It is found that the spatial diffusion of MSI is subjected to eight economic zones interaction while the spatial heterogeneity is inevitable. Thus, the resulting represents a radial decline, with the three coastal economic zones as the center, gradually decreasing to the inland and western regions, especially for those coastal economic regions with large diffusion impacts. Meanwhile, we also discuss the advantages, impacts, and limitations of MSI spatial diffusion as valuable references for future development direction of MSI mode. Ultimately, some of future development recommendations for MSI emerging field is put forward.
Strategies for improving photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of Si‐based electrodes
Authors: Cheng Caihong , Zhang Weiying , Chen Xiaoming , Peng Shaoqin , Li Yuexiang
Published: February 2022

Si, as a narrow bandgap semiconductor with a broadband absorption for sunlight, is considered to be a very competitive photoelectrode material for solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, there are major barriers in construction of efficient and stable Si‐based PEC cell, including low photovoltage, sluggish reaction kinetics, and poor stability in electrolytes. This review focuses on the strategies to solve these issues and summarizes recent progress. The working principles of PEC water splitting are first introduced. Then the strategies for improving Si‐based photoelectrode performances are discussed, including (1) the regulation of Si surface morphology for enhancing light harvesting, (2) band structure engineering strategies to reduce recombination of photogenerated carriers, and (3) modification of protection layers for long stability and loading cocatalysts on Si‐based photoelectrodes for accelerating water splitting. Lastly, we have presented some issues of Si‐based photoelectrode materials, which should be addressed in future research.
Adding mediation to India's corporate resolution process
Authors: Kamalnath Akshaya , Kaul Aparajita
Published: February 2022

India's new insolvency law, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 (‘IBC’) was introduced to improve the efficiency of the resolution process. Although there is much to be credited in the law, the practice of it has shown that the process is often delayed by excessive litigation. This article aimed to study delays under the IBC by looking at the application of the law and providing an alternative feminist assessment. This assessment highlights that a feminist value missing from the practice of the IBC is the inclusion of stakeholders, and particularly a non‐adversarial system that helps stakeholders manage and resolve conflict amicably (and expeditiously) during insolvency resolution. Litigation before tribunals and courts to adjudicate upon stakeholder conflict often leads to significant delays. The article proposes a model that nudges parties towards mediation during a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (‘CIRP’) within the IBC, in order to preserve relationships and reduce delays.
Ciliary dynein arms: Cytoplasmic preassembly, intraflagellar transport, and axonemal docking
Authors: Qiu Tao , Roy Sudipto
Published: February 2022

The microtubular scaffold of motile cilia—the axoneme, is decorated with dynein arms, which are large multiprotein complexes essential for ciliary motility. Dynein arms are arranged along the length of the axoneme in a precise repeating pattern, converting chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into ciliary mechanical movement. How these complicated molecular machines are assembled coordinately and accurately, starting from mere polypeptide chains in the cytoplasm, remains a fascinating yet perplexing question. Rapidly emerging evidence, from multiple studies carried out with different model organisms and with various methodologies, has highlighted the existence of a dedicated assembly pathway. Here, we summarize recent progress made in clarifying the axonemal dynein arm assembly process, focusing on individual assembly steps, including cytoplasmic preassembly, intraflagellar transport, and axonemal docking.
Knowledge of nursing graduates on oral health care for older people in the long‐term care
Authors: Veerasamy Arthi , Lyons Karl , Crabtree Ian , Brunton Paul
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Oral health self‐care deteriorates in older adults due to a decreasing level of cognition increasing disability and/or a reduction in manual dexterity. Older adults in hospital care or residential care therefore increasingly need assistance for oral health care. There is an increase in dentate patients entering residential care due to advances in dentistry. It is suggested therefore that nurses in aged care increasingly need advanced knowledge to care for their older dentate patients to prevent and minimize progression of oral diseases, given the impact of poor oral health on general health. The current study was conducted to investigate the oral health care knowledge of nursing graduates across Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among third year nursing graduates in 18 nursing institutes in New Zealand. Oral health care knowledge and oral–systemic connection knowledge, and predictors of oral health care knowledge were investigated.

Results

Total 148 students participated in the student's survey, making it 15% of 2020 graduates. The students’ survey results suggested that nursing graduates have good basic oral health knowledge, however, their knowledge of the oral–systemic disease connection and the value of an examination of the oral cavity were poor.

Conclusion

The oral health care knowledge of nursing students and their ability to care for older adults relies on oral health care education in their nursing programs. A revision of curricula to improve oral health education in nursing programs is strongly recommended.
Hoechst 33258 aggregation and binding to DNA studied by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kenđel Adriana , Zavidić Virna , Miljanić Snežana
Published: February 2022

Interactions of Hoechst 33258 (H33258) with two synthetic DNA polynucleotides, poly dA–poly dT and poly dG–poly dC, as well as natural calf thymus (ct) DNA were studied using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Given variety of stoichiometry dependent interactions, complexes were prepared in [H33258]/[DNA] molar ratios of 1/1, 1/5, and 1/10 in the silver colloidal suspension. Prior to analysis of binding modes with DNA polynucleotides, aggregation tendency of the dye in the silver colloid was studied in the concentration range 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−4 mol/L. The SERS spectra distinctive of aggregated and monomeric H33258 species were obtained, additionally indicating the form of the molecules bound to DNA. The obtained SERS spectra of H33258 with homo‐polymeric polynucleotides implied a deep insertion of the molecules into the AT minor groove, and a partial intercalation between the GC base pairs achieved by the access through the GC major groove. Spectral characteristics of the dye dominated in the spectra of the complexes with ct‐DNA, most likely due to random AT and GC sequences of the long natural nucleic acid, affecting uniform binding of the dye and consequently the adsorption of the H33258/DNA complex onto the enhancing metallic surface.
Primality of polyomino ideals by quadratic Gröbner basis
Authors: Mascia C. , Rinaldo G. , Romeo F.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition on a polyomino ideal for having the set of inner 2‐minors as graded reverse lexicographic Gröbner basis, due to combinatorial properties of the polyomino itself. Moreover, we prove that when the latter holds the polyomino ideal coincides with the lattice ideal associated to the polyomino, that is the polyomino ideal is prime. As an application, we describe two new infinite families of prime polyominoes.
Modelling 3D elastodynamic wave scattering due to density and Lamé parameter contrasts of near‐surface scatterers
Authors: Harmankaya Utku , Kaslilar Ayse
Published: February 2022

Investigating the near‐surface structure of the Earth through geophysical methods is a crucial aspect in many areas of study in geotechnical engineering, environmental science and exploration. Among several geophysical methods, seismic‐based ones are widely used for characterizing near‐surface features that are distinguished by contrasts in elastic parameters. In this paper, we model 3D elastodynamic wave propagation and scattering using a method based on domain‐type integral representation with Born approximation. We calculate the scattered wavefield by considering the first‐order perturbations in density and Lamé parameter contrasts of scatterers. Contrasts in Lamé parameters can be useful for determining the material properties of subsurface structures in cases of weak contrasts in velocities accompanying considerable Lamé parameter variations. We examine the effects of each parameter contrast on a series of models involving a subsurface scatterer. We also compare the seismograms obtained from our method with those from a 3D finite‐difference wavefield modelling program, where we observe good agreement between the modelling results. Sensitivity of the wavefield to the perturbation in each model parameter is also examined by calculating and analysing the Fréchet derivatives. In general, the method discussed here can provide a solid foundation for prospective imaging studies involving density and Lamé parameters simultaneously.
Perceived services and disservices of natural treatment systems for urban stormwater: Insight from the next generation of designers
Authors: Rippy Megan A. , Pierce Gregory , Feldman David , Winfrey Brandon , Mehring Andrew S. , Holden Patricia A. , Ambrose Richard. , Levin Lisa A.
Published: February 2022

Natural treatment systems (NTS) for stormwater have the potential to provide a myriad of ecosystem services to society. Realizing this potential requires active collaboration among engineers, ecologists and landscape planners and begins with a paradigm shift in communication whereby these groups are made aware of each other's perceptions about NTS and the presence of knowledge gaps that their respective disciplines can bridge.

Here we participate in the first part of what we hope will be a reciprocal exchange: presenting results from a landscape perceptions survey to urban planners, ecologists and landscape architects that illustrates how the next generation of engineers perceives NTS relative to other landscape features, and the implications of those perceptions for future infrastructure development.

Our results suggest that although lawns, gardens and native ecosystems were perceived as multifunctional, providing characteristic bundles of services/disservices, perceptions of NTS were more variable (i.e. there was no social norm for their perception).

Environmental worldviews, knowledge, attitudes about ecosystem services and demographics were all significant drivers of perceived services. However, students had difficulty identifying NTS correctly, and factual knowledge about NTS did not help students associate NTS with typical design services like flood reduction more than features not designed for those purposes, such as lawns. This suggests that engineering students lack familiarity with the outward appearance of NTS and have difficulty placing NTS services into a broader landscape context.

Expertise from urban planning and ecology could help bridge these knowledge gaps, improving the capacity of tomorrow's engineers to co‐design NTS to meet diverse community needs.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An update on rhabdomyosarcoma risk stratification and the rationale for current and future Children's Oncology Group clinical trials
Authors: Haduong Josephine H. , Heske Christine M. , Allen‐Rhoades Wendy , Xue Wei , Teot Lisa A. , Rodeberg David A. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Weiss Aaron , Hawkins Douglas S. , Venkatramani Rajkumar
Published: February 2022

Children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) comprise a heterogeneous population with variable overall survival rates ranging between approximately 6% and 100% depending on defined risk factors. Although the risk stratification of patients has been refined across five decades of collaborative group studies, molecular prognostic biomarkers beyond FOXO1 fusion status have yet to be incorporated prospectively in upfront risk‐based therapy assignments. This review describes the evolution of risk‐based therapy and the current risk stratification, defines a new risk stratification incorporating novel biomarkers, and provides the rationale for the current and upcoming Children's Oncology Group RMS studies.
Computational Guided Method Applied to LSPR‐Based Biosensor for Specific Detection of the Four‐Serotypes of Dengue Virus in Seropositive Patients
Authors: Machado Gabriel L. , Teixeira Felipe M. F. , Ferreira Gabriel S. C. , Versiani Alice F. , Andrade Lidia M. , Ladeira Luiz O. , da Fonseca Flávio G. , Ramirez Jhonattan C.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)‐based biosensor, computationally guided to detect selectively the four Dengue virus (DENVx) serotypes in seropositive patients, is presented. The behavior of gold nanoparticles in the shape of nanorods is theoretically and numerically studied as a function of induced structural variations, which are experimentally evidenced due to the bio‐interaction between the target analytes and its surface during the detection process. Additionally, with the implementation of the largest Lyapunov exponent, it is possible to calculate the notion of predictability for the experimental results, observing chaotic systems with a very low probability of repetition. Due to the above, when analyzing the recurrence map associated with the obtained resonance curve generated by the LSPR system, the genetic similarity of DENV3/DENV2 and DENV4/DENV1 is evidenced. Finally, the biosensors are validated by analyzing samples of seronegative patients for DENVx and seropositive ones for other Flaviviruses such as Zika virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis virus.
The alleviative effect of flavonol‐type Nrf2 activator rhamnazin from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino on pulmonary disorders
Authors: Wu Xue‐Yi , Wang Tian , Hu Hui‐Xin , Zhang Kan , Zhao Yu , Zhao Bao‐Bing , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Shen Tao
Published: February 2022

Rhamnazin (RN) is a flavonol isolated from the calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino, which has been used for treating pulmonary diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a therapeutic target for pulmonary diseases. In the present study, the underlying mechanism and pharmacological effect of RN against pulmonary disorders are investigated. Human lung epithelial Beas‐2B cell and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage‐based cell models, and a cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced pulmonary impairment mice model are adopted for investigation in vitro and in vivo. RN is identified to be an Nrf2 activator, which promotes Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 via reacting with the Cys151 cysteine residue of Keap1, and suppresses Nrf2 ubiquitination. In addition, RN is able to attenuate toxicant‐stimulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vitro. Importantly, RN significantly relieves CS‐induced oxidative insult and inflammation, and RN‐induced inhibition of inflammation is related to inhibition of nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and induction of cell autophagy. In conclusion, our data indicate that RN is an activator of the Nrf2 pathway and evidently alleviates pulmonary disorders via restricting NF‐κB activation and promoting autophagy. RN is a promising candidate for the therapy of pulmonary disorders.
Observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for assimilation of the planetary boundary‐layer height (PBLH) using the EnSRF technique
Authors: Dang Ruijun , Qiu Xiaobin , Yang Yi , Zhang Shuwen
Published: February 2022

The planetary boundary‐layer height (PBLH) is a key parameter that is very important in numerical weather and air quality predictions. The current LiDAR networks make it possible to provide potential PBLH observations, and assimilating the parameter will be helpful to improve the forecast of variables within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This study first carried out idealized experiments on PBLH assimilation through observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) is applied to assimilate the simulated PBLH based on the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. This study mainly focused on two issues: which variables can be effectively improved by assimilating the PBLH, and whether there are differences in the assimilation effects above and within the PBL in the vertical direction. The results show that during the daytime within the PBL, PBLH assimilation could effectively improve the simulation and forecasting of model variables, including perturbation potential temperature (pt), water vapour mixing ratio (qv) and perturbation geopotential (ph); meanwhile, PBLH assimilation could strengthen turbulence mixing and result in a warmer and drier PBL. While the vertical and horizontal wind speeds (w, u and v) cannot be effectively updated by assimilating the PBLH, they could be indirectly improved by model dynamical adjustment when pt, qv and ph are improved. Above the PBL top, most of the above six variables cannot be effectively improved by assimilating the daytime PBLH. In contrast, at night, only u and v within the PBL could be directly updated by the low nocturnal PBLH. In this study, the simplest and most idealized schemes are selected based on idealized experiments; nevertheless, the results lay a foundation for later vertical and horizontal localization research and for the study of LiDAR‐retrieved PBLH assimilation in the future, which is the ultimate goal of this series of works.
Analyzing count data with measurement error
Authors: Hamada Michael S. , Casleton Emily M. , Osthus Dave , Weaver Brian P. , Steiner Stefan H.
Published: February 2022

In this article, we analyze observed count data such as the number of defects in a steel product where the observed counts are the true counts measured with errors. We account for the measurement error by using a measurement error model based on a latent lognormal (LLN) distribution. We consider making inference about a single population (e.g., from samples of a production lot) and a regression model (e.g., from runs of a designed experiment), where the measurement system properties are known, that is, the parameters of the LLN distribution are known. Then, we consider simultaneous inference for the single population and regression model as well as the measurement system. We demonstrate the proposed methodology with both simulated and real observed counts.