bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital methods of discrete fourier transform, allowing minimizing the number of algorithmic multiplication operations
Authors: Yu Burova A , Usatenko T O
Published: May 2021

The issues related to the digitalization of the spectral analysis of the polyharmonic signal are considered. There are various digital methods of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of such a signal. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the known methods for transforming a complex signal, which make it possible to minimize the required number of multiplication operations in its transformation algorithms. The research used methods of mathematical and software modeling of digital signal processing algorithms. The methods of discrete Fourier transform based on multiband digital filtering (MDF) with one low-frequency digital filter and with an extended window based on the so-called bank of non-recursive digital filters (BDF) are described. There are the results of a comparative analysis of these methods.
Patterns of the reindeer (Taimyr-Evenk population) movement in dynamics during migration
Authors: Soukhovolsky V G , Savchenko A P , Kovalev A V , Savchenko P A , Muravyov A N
Published: May 2021

Despite the keen interest in reindeer, a number of issues in its ecology are still poorly understood. Difficulties in assessing the state of deer populations are associated with technical difficulties, the need to track individuals in the wild. In addition, most of the year they are in motion, passing from 6.5 to 9 thousand km2. To assess and predict the state of populations, information is needed not only about the number, but also about the physiological state of individuals. This work is devoted to the development of indirect methods for assessing the state of reindeer based on the indicators of the migration activity of individual individuals. The use of collars with radio transmitters makes it possible to assess in detail the peculiarities of animal movement modes using numerous indicators describing the relationship between movement speed on different days. This opens up the possibility of using data to understand the state of individuals, which, ultimately, makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the abundance and stability of wild reindeer populations in general.
Analysis of software and hardware technologies of information-measuring systems for environmental monitoring
Authors: Kovalev I V , Testoyedov N A , Kovalev D I , Losev V V , Tynchenko Ya A , Golovenkin E N , Maksimov I A
Published: May 2021

The article presents an analysis of software and hardware technologies for information and measurement systems for environmental monitoring. The processes taking place in power plants of thermal power plants have different requirements for permissible emissions, which are measured using different criteria. Measuring and recording instrument data is an important part of a monitoring system. The analysis takes into account various monitoring technologies provided with a variety of tools, including up-to-date hardware and software systems. It is shown that the software and hardware technologies of monitoring systems should be implemented using real-time system software, have both hardware and software redundancy, as well as high security and increased MTBF.
Modeling the distribution line form of surface electromagnetic wave and calculating the transmission coefficient of a symmetric strip line
Authors: Gladkikh O B , Vasilyeva I I
Published: May 2021

The work is devoted to the analysis of the dependence of the dielectric properties of highly conducting anisotropic materials from the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field. A nonlinear model of propagation of a surface electromagnetic wave in a planar bismuth waveguide located in a quantizing magnetic field is considered. As a result of the simulation of the shape of the magneto-optical experiment line, a software package in the JavaScript language for calculating the dielectric constant and the bismuth conductivity tensor for each direction (binary, bisector and trigonal) is presented.
Standardization and metrology in the period of digitalization of the economy
Authors: Okrepilov V V , Gridasov A G , Chudinovskikh I V
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the new challenges facing standardization and metrology in the digital economy. The need to improve the practice of developing standards, more active involvement of business in this process is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the preservation of the best achievements of Russian metrology, its leading positions in the world in the context of digitalization.
Standardization of sustainable urban development measurements
Authors: Ivanova G N
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the achievements of sustainable urban development by improving the quality of management based on the application of standards. The necessity of solving this issue is justified, as well as the relevance of the standards’ application, including at the stage of data collection and processing, in particular, dedicated to “smart” cities. In addition, methods for assessing the effectiveness of the management itself are proposed.
Features of implementation of the method for fusion different images by location equipment of on-board systems
Authors: Nenashev S A , Grigoriev E K
Published: May 2021

The paper highlights the features of the implementation of on-board systems for monitoring the earth’s surface, based on small aircraft. The problems of fusion of location information from on-board monitoring systems of various types of functioning are considered. The motivation of integrating optical and radar images of the earth’s surface is shown. The result of the work is the synthesis of optical and radar images of the earth’s surface into a single information field.
Toolkit for determining the costs of developing new measuring tools and optimizing their production plan
Authors: Batkovskiy A M , Fomina A V , Semenova E G
Published: May 2021

The tools for determining the forecast value of the costs associated with creating new measuring tools that have standardized metrological characteristics are proposed. It is adapted to the cost estimation procedures carried out to develop a plan for their production in both monopolistic and competitive markets. Existing models for optimizing these procedures cannot always be applied since, due to the considerable complexity of the simulated process, they are often illustrative in nature. Some procedures are not formalized and do not consider the required extent of their application’s specifics on a competitive basis. Therefore, when predicting costs in creating new measuring tools, it is sometimes necessary to use analogies and expert evaluations. This circumstance reduces the validity of forecast estimates. In contrast to existing methods of solving the problem under consideration, the proposed toolkit allows solving it systematically and based on formalized procedures. The article presents a model statement of this problem’s solution using a system of criteria and indicators for the quantitative assessment of the processes under consideration. The proposed toolkit is based on the methodology of structural synthesis of cost forecasting procedures. The use of the proposed toolkit will increase the validity of the forecast values of the costs associated with the creation of measuring tools. This will ensure the optimality growth of production plans for new measuring tools used in metrology. One of the possible solutions to this problem is presented in the article.
Methods of coordinating fuzzy expert evaluations in the design of metrological support means
Authors: Batkovskiy A M , Sudakov V A , Fomina A V , Balashov V M
Published: May 2021

The article explores methods of coordinating expert judgments in the design of technical measuring instruments. A methodology for analyzing fuzzy matrices of pairwise comparisons of the effectiveness of preliminary designs of metrological support means is proposed. It includes defuzzification of pairwise comparison matrices; finding a median pairwise comparison matrix; determining fuzzy mean values for each element, and forming fuzzy weights for the compared means by individual levels of the membership function values. The procedure for finding the final membership function of metrological support tools is formalized to minimize the deviations of the fuzzy paired comparison matrices of expert opinions from the final matrix of these comparisons. Methods for optimizing the final ranking of alternative projects based on fuzzy group evaluations were investigated and developed. A fuzzy modification of the Condorcet principle is developed for the case of fuzzy dominance of alternatives. These methods of expert evaluations serve the purpose of increasing the efficiency of development and creation of metrological support means.
Improvement of mechanical behavior of neoprene rubber by means of glass fiber
Authors: Antypas I R
Published: May 2021

Materials of the present article are concerned with research related to creation of new composites and studying their properties. In the course of the study, a polymer-based composite was created using neoprene; it was reinforced with multiderectional glass fiber, and polar solvent based on ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride was chosen as the most suitable solvent. Moreover, influence of fiber orientation on mechanical behavior of composites depending on the solvent type and amount was studied too.
Construction of a mathematical model of a by-pass turbojet engine as part of a complex aircraft model of an on-board navigation system
Authors: Markelov V V , Kostishin M O , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: May 2021

One of the main trends in the development of modern on-board navigation systems is aimed at increasing the predictability of the aircraft’s flight path in space and time. That in its turn should improve the accuracy of evaluation of fuel and operating costs, improving the quality dispatch services and bandwidth airspace. At the same time, the predictability of the trajectory can be an additional factor in ensuring the safety of flight operations. The current level of development of on-board computing systems allows to use the most effective method of forecasting - complex mathematical flight models for solving the problem of predicting a four-dimensional flight path and evaluating fuel costs. At the same time, a feature of the flight models implemented in on-board systems remains the orientation to minimize the computing resources used while ensuring the required accuracy of the estimation of the predicted parameters. One of the components of a complex mathematical model of flight is the engine model, which allows determining the fuel costs and energy capabilities of the aircraft. As one of the options for implementing the engine model as part of a complex mathematical model of the flight of an onboard navigation system, a mathematical description of the functioning model of a two-circuit turbojet engine is presented. For improving the accuracy of the parameter estimation, the model is built on the basis of thermogasdynamic calculation using a limited amount of initial data provided by the engine developer. The presented model of a by-pass turbojet engine provides the calculation of the main parameters of the engine operation, including fuel consumption and available thrust, at the specified values of the required thrust. And also, accordingly, determines the permissible operating modes of the engine when simulating operation as part of an aircraft. The results of the proposed model development are presented.
Modeling of effects of technical errors on static and dynamic behavior of helical gear transmission
Authors: Dyachenko A G
Published: May 2021

Materials of the present article are concerned with research related to identification of defects in a helical gearwheel of crossed helical gear pair, occurring as a result of certain operating modes and overloads, on such processes in a gearwheel as fatigue and wear of teeth. In the course of the research, using a modern computer program, a dynamic model of a helical gearwheel was developed, which made it possible to identify the degree of effect of engineering technical errors of mounting and operation on conditions of its operation.
Theoretical analysis of cotton movement in cleaning equipment
Authors: Parpiev Azim , Sharakhmedova Mamura , Ergashov Mukhammadrasul
Published: May 2021

The article explores the supply of cotton in the cleaning of cotton from fine impurities, the laws of movement under the influence of the pile cylinder, the possibility of increasing the level of friction. The main conditions of the movement of cotton in continuous components, the shortcomings of the influencing factors are analyzed. Using the experience of foreign countries, a cotton transfer option was proposed, which allows for additional grinding and disassembly in pile cylinders. The focus of the work was to determine at what angle the cylinder pegs would strike them so that the cotton pieces could move along the required trajectory. Experiments were carried out using the obtained solutions and the developed algorithm, the results of which were analyzed and appropriate conclusions were developed. During the experiments, taking into account the geometric dimensions of the cotton pieces, the effect of their values on the movement parameters was determined. The obtained results allow to determine the coordinates of the mutual position of the pile cylinders with the supply rollers.
Quality improvement and evaluation of stress-strain state of cylindrical shells during drawing with local wall thinning
Authors: Zhernosek V N , Yurkov I V , Podtyagin V E , Nikishkin A E
Published: May 2021

One of the urgent tasks in the manufacture of cylindrical shells is to improve their performance and quality by developing technological processes based on new methods of metal treatment by pressure, for example, on drawing. A distinctive feature of drawing with thinning was the use of dies with a periodically changing profile of the bearing. The use of such dies creates additional shear strain during the forming, which affects the structure of the material and the performance of the product. This article presents the results of simulating the drawing with wall thickness reduction in QForm 7 and analyzes the effect of die geometry on technological force and stress-strain state.
Formation of deep-drawing in an open-die by pulsed-magnetic field pressure
Authors: Kurlaev N V , Matveev K A , Ahmed Soliman M E , Ryngach N A
Published: May 2021

The deep-drawing process is considered one of the most important metal processing processes, which is used to form sheet metal of bowl-shaped structures in the field of mechanical engineering, aviation and rocket engineering under tension and compression without changing the sheet thickness. The present work is to evaluate the formability of an aluminum alloy sheet using an open-die in deep drawing process, an attractive manufacturing technique using electromagnetic force (Lorentz) to form metal parts. This work investigates the history of deformation (displacement, deformation, strain rate) in the process of electromagnetic deep drawing in an open-die using a numerical model. The research methods are the finite element method (FEM) associated with the boundary element method (BEM) using LS-DYNA software for the analysis of electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal solvers. Results analysis of the deformable solid thickness in the process of deformation showed that the thickness increased in the marginal zone and reached 1.77 mm. Further, the thickness in the middle zone decreased by 0.23 mm and decreased by 0.35 mm in the central zone. The plastic deformation of the workpiece gradually increased from zero to 26% for the middle zone, 31% for the marginal zone and 46% for the central zone.
Cyber-physical production information environment
Authors: Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: May 2021

Information environments that ensure the automation of industrial processes are used for the management of production structures by the control methods of technological indicators. For intelligent operations management, a variety of communication channels are used to bring together sensor networks and integrated (optimized) workflows of data and products. Regulation of the production process involves hierarchical management mechanisms that provide information environment tools to monitor compliance with the specified technological parameters of equipment and achieve a stable balance in the interaction of software and hardware systems. The influence of the hierarchy of control systems on production processes is realized in the regulators localized in cyber-physical systems, and in the central regulator, which corrects the corrections of control actions. Multistage control is a function of an information environment that regulates technological processes. Due to the discreteness of the control processes of the central regulator, the equipment subordinate to the vertical hierarchy system is corrected by messages transmitted in the format of a time sequence in the communication channels. Feedback as a subject of the information management process solves a particular production problem, corresponding to maintaining the quality of manufactured products in the dynamics of registration of disturbing influences by measuring means of the sensor network. The structure of the information environment is proposed, considered on the example of management processes for one piece of equipment in cyber-physical production.
Special software application for antenna modelling in mechanical engineering
Authors: Amosov A G
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to one of the best today computer program for antenna modelling. No special computer simulation skills are required to use this software. In this study, based on foreign and domestic sources, the influence of the MMANA-GAL program on the design of various types of civil antennas is considered. The paper specifically describes this simulation program. The description includes its history of creation, application, comparison with previous programs and algorithms, the interface of the MMANA-GAL itself is also described. It tells about how useful this program is, how it simplifies life and saves time for developers and designers, since the built-in library contains examples of more than two hundred antennas. Standing out advantages are: its free-of-charge basis, and from the operational characteristics - display of 2D and 3D antenna radiation patterns and its frequency response.
Comparative analysis of requirements for industrial cleanliness in mechanical engineering
Authors: Amosov Alexey G
Published: May 2021

In this work, the author shows the results of the study of the nomenclature base for industrial cleanliness in domestic sources and compares them with foreign analogues used in related fields of activity. With a detailed analysis of the standards, one can conclude that they are similar. The study presents universal methods for achieving a given surface cleanliness of technological equipment, which allow obtaining a result that meets the requirements of both domestic and international standards.
On the issues of modeling the roll contact curves
Authors: Khurramov Sh R
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the mathematical modeling of the roll contact curves in two-roll modules. A generalized two-roll module is considered, in which the rolls are located relative to the vertical line with a tilt to the right, have different diameters and elastic coatings of different stiffness, the material layer is fed downward. The results of the analysis of strain properties effect of the rolls elastic coatings and the processed material on the shapes of the roll contact curves are given. The models of roll contact curves in a generalized two-roll module are found for the cases where the strain of contacting bodies is given by empirical formulas and by rheological models.
Parabola approximation by a hyperbola when modeling steering mechanism characteristics of tracked vehicles
Authors: Yu Dobretsov R , Dobretsova S B , Voinash S A , Taradin G S , Ladikov I S , Alekseeva S V , Taraban M V , Iliushenko D A
Published: May 2021

Steering control quality improvement and movement safety ensuring of tracked vehicles, primarily high-speed ones, is an urgent problem. Characteristic feature of most tracked and transport vehicles transmissions is an almost linear relationship between values of calculated (maximum) turning radii in gears and movement speed, which leads to underutilization of traction and dynamic capabilities of machines. It would be more advantageous to provide a parabolic view for such a dependence, or at least its non-linear character. Two-stream transmission and rotation mechanisms proposed today with a nonlinear characteristic make it possible to realize only a hyperbolic dependence between these quantities, which makes it urgent to search for constructing methods of the best parabola approximation by a hyperbola. Article shows constructing principle of a hyperbolic swing mechanism diagram for transmission with central gearbox and parallel branch drive through three-link differential mechanism, provides an example scheme for it and proposes a technique for constructing best uniform parabola approximation by a hyperbola on a given interval, based on classical problem of uniform approximation of a function by a polynomial. Construction results can be used to determine main parameters of two-line hyperbolic swing mechanisms for transport tracked vehicles with central gearboxes.
Theoretical foundations for modeling the occurrence of attached, vortex and vibration cavitation during heat treatment of machine parts in a cavitating coolant
Authors: Asaev A S , Ivanayskiy A V , Atamanov S A , Posalina A E , Sadkin O V
Published: May 2021

The effect of cavitation can increase the efficiency of the stability of the cooling process of machine parts during their heat treatment. The article defines the geometric parameters of the installation for carrying out the process of heat treatment of machine parts, as well as the external influence necessary for the appearance of the effect of vortex cavitation in the full volume of the liquid technological medium.
Investigation of the process of removing the thread from the surface of the cocoon in an aquatic environment
Authors: Sobirov Q E , Mardonov B M , Akhmedov J A , Ermatov Sh Q , Umurzakova Kh Kh
Published: May 2021

The law of motion of a cocoon, the method of hydrodynamics are studied, and the motion of a cocoon with variable mass in the form of a ball immersed in an aqueous medium is considered. The graphs of the dependence of the displacement of the center of the cocoon (ball) on times for two values of the coefficient of stiffness of the thread ?0 (?/?) and the time of completion of the cycle ? (sec) are presented. The theoretical equation and calculations for the location of the ball in the aquatic environment are presented. The paper studies the effect of thread breakage during cocoon unwinding on the quality of raw silk.
Research of the process of pressing black cotton oil from oil fooses
Authors: Savriev Yuldosh , Gafurov Karim , Sevinov Ulugbek
Published: May 2021

In the process of production of vegetable oils, insoluble impurities are removed from the black oil after pressing using sludge traps and filters. Oil sludge separated from the forepress oil has an oil content of up to 50%. For the complete extraction of this oil from the sludge from the sludge separator and filter presses, it is recycled into the upper vats of the roaster of the press units and further for pressing. At the same time, the returnable sludge affects one of the main characteristic of the obtained cottonseed oil – the acid number. Our research has shown that with such a scheme of sludge processing, the sludge acid number obtained after prepressing is 5 mg KOH. This leads to a significant loss of oil to soap stock during oil refining. The solution to this problem is to prevent the sludge separated on the separator from falling back into the frypot, instead the sludge is pressed to produce black cottonseed oil. The degree of influence on the pressing process of influencing factors – the percentage of sludge in the mixture and the duration of mixing the sludge and husk of the mixture - is experimentally studied in this research work. The rational values of these factors are determined. The planning of a two-factor experiment was carried out in order to reveal the effect of the interaction of these factors. The obtained regression equation allows determining with sufficient accuracy the residual oil content of the cake in the investigated range of changes in the influencing factors, which is necessary to optimize the process.
Analysis of the movement of raw cotton in the working chamber of the screw cleaner
Authors: Rajabov O I , Uzakova L P , Gapparova M H
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the parameters of the main working organs of the raw cotton cleaner from fine trash. The article also provides a scheme of interaction between the pile and the raw cotton. The speed and direction of movement of the cotton after the impact are given. This article analyzes the interaction of the laws of cotton volatility with the mesh surface of a cotton cleaner from fine trash. Based on the research, the best values of the frequency of rotation of the spiked cylinder, the number of edges of the spiked and the gap between the spiked cylinder and the net were obtained.
On problem of determining the stress state of elasto-plastic compressible area weakened by ellipsoidal cavity
Authors: Maksimov A N , Derevyannykh E A , Mitrofanova T V , Belova N N , Konstantinov Y V
Published: May 2021

The work is one of the stages of solving the problem of determining the stress state for a compressible mass weakened by cavities. In the problem statement, there is no pressure inside the cavity, and mutually perpendicular forces are applied at infinity. The problem is solved by the small parameter method, in a spherical coordinate system, in dimensionless length units. The previously found values are taken as the known stress components in the zero approximation in the elastic area and as the perturbed stress components in the plastic area. Using the conjugation of stresses at the boundary of elasto-plastic zone, the stress components for the elastic area are determined in the first approximation. The obtained results can be used in the field of mining, construction mechanics and other related fields.
Optimization of the petrochemical enterprise control system focused on resource conservation
Authors: Barsegyan N V , Vodolazhskaya E L , Chekanova E V
Published: May 2021

The article assesses the efficiency of designing lean organizational management structures at petrochemical enterprises, taking into account the optimal number of employees at high-performance workplaces. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that affect the effectiveness of the design of the control system. The analysis of factors influencing the design of a lean organizational structures, the results of which the most significant factor to consider in the design and implementation of lean management is the factor that we named as “personnel innovative potential.” This means that, despite the capital intensity of petrochemical production, the impact of the use of human resources becomes more important in digitalization. On the basis of this study it is shown that taking into account the achievements of totals for the petrochemical industry cumulatively efficiency of innovation activity, expressed in the calculation of the shipment of innovative products in 1 high-performance workplace will increase from 0.7 million rubles on average, a petrochemical facility to 1.6 million rubles by 2024.
The use of ANSYS for modelling the energy distribution in steady mode with electron beam welding
Authors: Murygin A V , Kurashkin S O , Tynchenko V S , Rogova D V
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to solving the problem of modelling the distribution of energy in the steady mode with electron beam welding with the means of ANSYS Academic Student. The authors propose the implementation of the simulation model to allow evaluating the density of the heat field in the assembly unit of the product when it is connected to its elements by means of electron beam welding. Two imitation models are implemented for one of the types of aerospace products, made of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy. Such models allow research to assess the effect of technological parameters of the process of electron beam welding on the heating intensity of the zone near the weld. A series of experiments with visualization of their results for various power values was carried out.
Parametric restrictions on industrial cleanliness of technological equipment in mechanical engineering
Authors: Mikhailova E V
Published: May 2021

In the presented work, the author has carried out a parametric analysis of technical requirements and restrictions on the use of technological equipment in heavy engineering in clean rooms. The analysis shows the presence of design requirements, manufacturing and assembly requirements, as well as requirements for the maintenance and repair of technological equipment during operation and further, throughout the entire life cycle. A feature of the work is the consideration of previously developed technological equipment and its application in the conditions of modern requirements of clean rooms. Due to the absence of strict requirements in the manufacture of technological equipment, the result of the work performed is the classification of contaminants identified by the author and possible practical recommendations for compliance with the requirements and restrictions of clean rooms of the equipment in operation.
The study of the toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine when operating on methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil
Authors: Anfilatova N S , Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P , Yurlov A S
Published: May 2021

While legal restrictions on the use of fossil fuels are applied to conserve natural resources, mixed alcohol fuels, vegetable oils and their esters are increasingly attracting attention as promising alternative sustainable energy sources for cars. The paper substantiates the need for the use of biofuels (BF) in diesel engines (DE) and studies such eco-friendly energy sources as methanol (M) and rapeseed oil methyl ether (ROME). M and ROME potentially lead to some solutions to environmental problems, because for their production, there are quite abundant resources and these energy sources are characterized by relatively low emissions of harmful substances during combustion. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the toxicity of DE powered by M and ROME, and shows an improvement in its environmental performance.
Stress-deformed state of the coil of the pyrolysis furnace at deviation of the shape of pipes
Authors: Kovshova Yu S , Rubtsov A V , Farshatov A R
Published: May 2021

A distinctive feature of the pyrolysis furnaces of hydrocarbon raw materials from other types of furnaces operated at the facilities of oil and gas chemical enterprises is the strict operating conditions necessary for the implementation of this process. At the same time, the temperature of the radiant coil in operating conditions can reach 1050 ° C. In this regard, the probability of failure of coils of pyrolysis furnaces due to defects and damages during operation is extremely high. In addition, variations in coil shape and dimensions that occur during manufacturing or operation can negatively affect the overall stress-strain state of the coil during operational loads. In this work, the influence of permissible deviations in the shape and dimensions of pipes used in the welding of the coil on its stress-strain state in working conditions is investigated.
Identification of zone of increased stresses of the apparatus with a shirt under conditions of corrosion wear by modeling
Authors: Rubtsov A V , Arkhipova K S , Rubtsov A V , Kulakov P A , Afanasenko V G , Zubkova O E , Mukhametzyanov Z R
Published: May 2021

Apparatuses with a shirt have two working cavities with independent pressures and temperatures, as well as independent working environments. When operating two cavities, a certain difference in pressure and temperature is simultaneously created, leading to the appearance of unfavorable zones, which can negatively affect the life of the apparatus. For the timely identification of the most unfavorable zones, a wide range of non-destructive testing methods are used, which make it possible to assess the actual technical condition and level of metal defectiveness. However, due to the design features of the apparatus with the shirt, it is quite difficult to conduct a full visual control of the inner surface. Therefore, the actual work is to assess the stress-deformed state of equipment with an original design using modeling in modern software systems in order to identify potentially dangerous sections in terms of maximum operating stresses.
Mathematical model of a single-acting pneumatic cylinder actuator
Authors: Nikitin A A , Sorokin E A , Nikitina T N , Sokolov D A , Andreychikov I V
Published: May 2021

Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry as the most reliable automation tools. The efficiency of automated systems depends on the speed of pneumatic actuators. Therefore, the development of methods studying the dynamic processes of pneumatic actuators is an urgent task. this paper concerns a mathematical model of a single-acting pneumatic cylinder actuator, which is convenient for computer calculations using universal mathematical packages. As an example of the application of a mathematical model, paper shows the influence of the piston diameter on transient processes in a pneumatic actuator.
Application of optical narrow-band mirrors in sensor of concentration of dust in coal mines
Authors: Novikova Yu A , Ryzhikov M B
Published: May 2021

The article presents a new design of the sensor for measuring dust, which is based on the effect of absorption of optical radiation passing through the dust layer. Fundamentally new is the use of a powerful low-cost LED, the spectral part of the radiation range required for measurement of which is formed by the structure of auxiliary reflective optical interference filters. A technique based on the introduced stability criterion of the synthesized interference coating is developed, which makes it possible to study the transformation of the spectra with real errors in the film thicknesses.
Multi-attribute decomposition technique for fault tolerant multiversion systems
Authors: Kovalev I V , Testoyedov N A , Kovalev D I , Losev V V , Saramud M V , Golovenkin E N , Maksimov I A
Published: May 2021

The article proposes an original method for decomposition of fault-tolerant multiversion systems based on multi-attribute analysis. Decomposition into functional subsystems is carried out taking into account the generality of functions performed by software modules. In this work, the attribute of the importance of functions is determined based on the general function of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the set of tasks that it must perform. The division of software modules into types allows you to determine possible ways to improve reliability that are applicable to them. These are, for example, multi-version programming, recovery blocks, t/(n-1)-variant programming.
Methodology for introducing digital technologies into the process of monitoring quality indicators of the technological cycle of electronics manufacturing
Authors: Petrushevskaya A A , Aleshkin N A
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, industrial enterprises are paying more and more attention to innovations that increase the income of organizations, accelerate growth, which is the basis for creating competitive advantages. Today, one of the most common ways to ensure the effectiveness of production and management of organizations is the implementation of digital technologies. Production and economic processes are actively analyzed in order to identify “weak” points that can be eliminated with the help of intelligent software and hardware systems. In view of the increasing requirements for the quality of manufactured products, as well as for the competitiveness of the organization as a whole, issues related to the development of methods and means of effective management of the process of monitoring the quality indicators of the technological cycle in the production of radio electronic products are of particular importance.
Ultrasonic testing of the strength and homogeneity of concrete structures of the turbine compartment of a hydroelectric power plant
Authors: Zveinieks Valdis , Shahmenko Gennadiy , Švejcs Aivars , Korjakins Aleksandrs
Published: May 2021

At one of the Latvian hydroelectric power plants, according to the project, it was planned to replace the turbines and at the same time renovate the concrete of the turbine compartment structures. To this end, the old, damaged concrete was removed (to a depth of 60 cm), new reinforcement was laid and concreted with new concrete. This object is important for the national economy, so it was necessary to ensure quality control of construction work and materials used. To control the strength of concrete, usually at the same time as concreting the structure, cube specimens are made from the same concrete mixture. This method cannot fully guarantee an objective control, since the manufacturing technology and hardening conditions of the control samples differ from real conditions. To obtain more objective results, it would be necessary to drill core samples from the hardened concrete for their subsequent testing. Drilling out a large number of samples is laborious and undesirable, since reinforcing bars can be damaged due to the dense reinforcement of the structure. Investigation the concrete mechanical properties have been performed non-destruction method applying ultrasound equipment.
Analysis of modern computer diagnostic and measurement methods in medicine
Authors: Nikolenko D A , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Khvatov I L , Karapetyan A A
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the aspectology of determining the classification of problems in the metrological apparatus of medical support. Attention is paid to the design and synthesis of the principles of diagnostics and direct measurements in medicine. The functional and semantic component of modern computer diagnostic methods is indicated, their synergistic effect is determined. The importance of promising measurement control methods - expert systems of new generations is substantiated. The author’s consideration of the issue of solving specific problems through the methods of artificial intelligence and information technologies in mass spectroscopy is given.
Development of an electrode unit for a bioimpedance spectrometry device
Authors: Yampilov S S , Tsybenov Zh B , Kharaev Yu P , Zh Gylykova S
Published: May 2021

An electrode unit of a bioimpedance spectrometry device has been developed. This device measures the resistance of biological tissues for specified frequencies of electric current. The device is capable of evaluating the condition of organs and tissues of biological structures in case of breast cancer, as well as in case of various external influences. It differs from all existing devices of bioimpedance spectrometry by the fact that it has small dimensions, is able to change the frequencies of probing current and at the same time to fix impedance values. The electrode unit has a hemispherical shape and to obtain more accurate impedance data each electrode is equipped with a spring which is fixed on a dielectric hemisphere. The purpose of the research is to study breast cancer using the developed electrode unit of the bioimpedance spectrometry device. Patients with malignant neoplasms of the breast were examined with the use of the bioimpedance spectrometry device. The study of impedance data obtained from the patients with and without breast cancer showed that the impedance of the breast affected by cancer lies within 13...20 ohms, depending on the current frequency. That is, the electrical impedance of the affected patient’s breast decreases by up to 13.6 percent. The analysis showed that the developed bioimpedance spectrometry device allows to diagnose cancerous diseases.
The use of artificial intelligence and information technology for measurements in mechanical engineering and in process automation systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Dudukalov E V , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Losev A N , Knishov A V
Published: May 2021

The article provides a critical review of the research topic under consideration in the context of the principles laid down in the concept of the fourth industrial revolution. Attention is paid to “value chains”. Value chain is a new form of justifying the processes of product development, production and structuring of measurement operations. The formalization of a hybrid control measuring system of a new generation, combining the principles of integration of information security, information technologies and the mathematical apparatus of graph theory and set theory is given. The importance of artificial intelligence methods in the control, commissioning and operational monitoring of dynamic measurements in automation systems and mechanical engineering in the framework of Industry 4.0 is substantiated.
Quality assurance of control at machine-building enterprises of repair profile
Authors: Bondareva Galina I , Leonov Oleg A , Shkaruba Nina Zh
Published: May 2021

The quality of repair of the units is significantly influenced by many factors, and this is not only the wear and tear of the parts coming for repair, the low qualification of the personnel, the old technological equipment, but also the poorly functioning system for organizing metrological support for production, from where there is a significant impact of the error of the measurement tools used on the conclusion of the validity of the parts. It is proposed to select control means not only according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, but also taking into account the impact of losses from measurement error. Dependence is given to estimate the economic effect of the replaced measuring instruments by more accurate ones. Using the example of crankshaft neck control under repair production conditions, it is shown that the use of universal measuring instruments with a lower error significantly reduces the level of losses from incorrect rejection and acceptance of critical parts. Features of incoming control of spare parts are disclosed and the feasibility of using only original parts of the manufacturer is justified.
Diagnostics of brain neural network states from the perspective of chaos
Authors: Kozlova V V , Galkin V A , Filatov M A
Published: May 2021

All modern brain sciences are based on the stochastic study of the brain neural networks or individual neurons. At the same time, neuroscience is dominated by the dogma of statistical repetition of any samples of neural network parameters. However, back in 1948, W. Weaver took all living systems beyond stochastics. Currently, the Eskov-Zinchenko effect in biomechanics has been proven, which also extends to the bioelectric activity of the brain. As a result, there is a big problem of accurate evaluation of electroencephalograms, which are also used in the “man-machine” system. Proposes an analog of Heisenberg’s principle in the form of calculation of parameters of pseudoattractors.
Development of a module for an automated diagnostic system for antibodies G and M
Authors: Sereda T G , Kostarev S N , Kochetova O V
Published: May 2021

The infectious disease COVID-19 occurs as a result of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirusstrain. Most often, COVID-19 proceeds with signs of an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) (fever, cough, body aches); loss of smell, nausea, and shortness of breath are possible. However, in a large percentage of those infected, the course of the disease is asymptomatic. After the virus entry into the body, the immune system begins to produce antibodies specific to this virus (Ig - immunoglobulins) - an important factor in the formation of the immune system’s defense against infection. Antibody testing is recommended as an additional method for diagnosing an acute infection or when it is impossible to study smears by amplification of nucleic acids, to identify individuals with an asymptomatic form of infection, to establish the fact of a previous infection, and also to select potential donors of immunocompetent plasma. Determination of antibodies of different classes in the blood is informative evidence of the current or past infectious process and helps to identify the stage of the infection development. More often, the level of antibodies of class M (IgM) and G (IgG) is determined in the blood. The development of the instrument base of express analyzers for monitoring the presence of antibodies to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is currently relevant in connection with the emerging and ongoing pandemic. It is possible to use the following systems as test analyzers for immune enzyme medium: ARCHITECT – IgG, Abbott and ELISA-IgM-BEST. For the hardware, an Omron industrial controller and CX-One programming system can be used. The truth table for the formation of signals on the diagnosis of the disease has been developed to obtain logical equations for the operation of the analyzer module. The synthesis of relay-contact circuits has been carried out. The simulation of the module’s operation showed satisfactory results. Timely and correct diagnostic measures make it possible to diagnose and assess the severity of the disease as early as possible.
Improvement of the method of relative measurements using a lever micrometer when setting up the end measures block
Authors: Temasova G N , Vergazova Yu G , Golinitsky P V , Yu Antonova U , Samordin A N
Published: May 2021

The foundations of the modern approach to quality management at enterprises also include elements of metrological support, which gives a certain effect from control. Universal measuring instruments for linear quantities are widely used in single and small-scale production, as well as in the repair of machines, it is with them that engineers first get acquainted when conducting laboratory measurements. Versatile measuring instruments also include a lever micrometer that can be used for absolute and relative measurements. The article discusses the issues of improving the method of relative measurements of deviations using a lever micrometer with deviations outside the measurement range of the reader, and provided that the tolerance does not go beyond the measurement. Using the technique of relative measurements with a lever micrometer will allow you to quickly perform a large number of measurements in a short time with the required accuracy.
Smart cities standardization: problems and prospects
Authors: Shchenikov Ya A , Mitiaeva A I
Published: May 2021

The issues of smart cities standardization from the point of view of metrological assurance are considered. The identified standardization problems associated with the complexity of measuring the smart city subjective indicators are described. The arising difficulties in managing a smart city in order to achieve a positive synergistic effect are shown. A forecast was made regarding the possible smart cities standardization directions: metrological assurance, a smart city as a cyber-physical system, individual indicators.