bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARRADES, Julián (ed.): Wittgenstein: Arte y Filosofía. Plaza y Valdés Editores, Madrid, 2013.
Authors: Martínez Marín Irene
Published: July 2015

Reseña del libro MARRADES, Julián (ed.): WITTGENSTEIN: ARTE Y FILOSOFÍA. Plaza y Valdés Editores, Madrid, 2013. 318 pp.
¿De qué es síntoma el ángel de la historia descrito por Benjamin?
Authors: Carrasco Conde Ana
Published: July 2015

El artículo presenta una propuesta de lectura psicoanalítica de la conocida tesis IX sobre el ángel de la historia de W. Benjamin para dar cuenta de la interrelación entre memoria, recuerdo, duelo y conciencia. Más allá del motivo alegórico que representa el ángel, y que se refiere tanto a la dimensión catastrófica de los procesos históricos como a las posibilidades inmanentes de redención, el ángel y su posición con respecto a las ruinas dejadas atrás, son síntoma de otra cosa: de otra forma de entender –y encararse- a la historia y a sus espectros.
Temporalidad y política: arritmias. (En diálogo con Nietzsche, Heidegger y Lyotard)
Authors: Hernández Nieto Marco Antonio
Published: July 2015

En este trabajo se propone un análisis ontológico de las democracias actuales haciéndolo arrancar, en concreto, desde la exégesis de la temporalidad, tal y como ésta se desenvuelve en las sociedades occidentales. De cara a estudiar y encarar a fondo la crisis política de nuestra época, resulta tal vez crucial repensar el ser del tiempo, y de la mano de Nietzsche, Heidegger o Lyotard (algunos de los grandes filósofos que han pensado y relacionado ambos elementos: tiempo y crisis), percatarnos de que quizás la auténtica crisis tiene lugar a nivel de “pulso” ontológico, a nivel de tiempo: como “arritmia”. Aquí se analizan varios ejemplos de arritmias o “enfermedades de la temporalidad” en nuestra civilización, basados en las aportaciones de los tres autores mencionados.
FEENSTRA, Ramón: Ética de la publicidad. Retos en la era digital, 2014.
Authors: Medina-Vicent Maria
Published: July 2015

Ética de la publicidad. Retos en la era digital, supone un ejercicio honesto para repensar críticamente la práctica publicitaria. Una profunda reflexión filosófica, que Ramón A. Feenstra lleva a cabo desde su experiencia profesional como profesor de ética en los grados de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas, y Comunicación Audiovisual, en la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón. A lo largo de ocho capítulos, Feenstra subraya la necesidad de pensar éticamente el proceso comunicativo publicitario, ya que éste «influye en la formación de nuestros valores y en la forma de ver el mundo» (p.11). Su potencial para transmitir valores morales, le confiere un enorme poder social, que implica a su vez una responsabilidad a la que tanto profesionales como anunciantes no deberían renunciar.
Uso de plantas medicinais no cuidado à saúde: produção científica das teses e dissertações da enfermagem brasileira
Authors: Heisler Elisa Vanessa , Denardin Budó Maria de Lourdes , Schimith Maria Denise , Rossato Badke Marcio , Ceolin Silvana , Heck Rita Maria
Published: July 2015

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la tendencia de la producción científica de la enfermería brasileña en tesis y disertaciones, en relación con el uso de plantas medicinales para el cuidado de la salud.Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo, estructurado a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura.
Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante la búsqueda en línea, que se produjo en mayo de 2013, en el Portal de tesis y disertaciones de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). Se seleccionaron conforme criterios de inclusión y exclusión 19 producciones. Tras el análisis las producciones fueron separadas por tendencias: Conocimientos y prácticas populares acerca del uso de las plantas medicinales, el conocimiento profesional y prácticas en cuanto al uso de las plantas medicinales e Investigación de la eficacia de las especies. En general, los resultados demuestran la importancia de la participación de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente los enfermeros, en estudios e investigaciones que involucran el uso de plantas medicinales, actuando como facilitador en el rescate de los conocimientos tradicionales y su validación científica.
La relación entre la percepción del cuidador sobre los síntomas derivados del daño cerebral en personas con traumatismos craneoencefálicos y su propia Salud Mental
Authors: De los Reyes Aragón Carlos José , Olabarrieta Landa Laiene , Caracuel Romero Alfonso , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: Determinar si existe una relación entre la percepción que tiene el cuidador de los síntomas que presentan los pacientes con traumatismos craneoencefálicos (TCE) y su salud mental.
Participantes: Se entrevistó a 50 cuidadores de individuos con TCE de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, a quienes se les aplicó la escala de satisfacción con la vida, la versión en español del Patient Health Questionary-9, la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit, la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, el inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo y un cuestionario de 22 preguntas que evaluó la percepción de síntomas del individuo con TCE, compuesto por cuatro grupos de síntomas: cognitivos, neuroconductuales, físicos y sociales.
Resultados: Los análisis de correlación canónica revelaron que a mayor número de síntomas que se perciben en el paciente, peor es la salud mental que tienen los cuidadores, específicamente se encontró que a mayor percepción de síntomas neuroconductuales en el paciente mayor sobrecarga, mayor depresión y menor autoestima en el cuidador.
Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de desarrollar e implementar programas de intervención psicoterapéutica, así como terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva, con el fin de reducir o eliminar los problemas neuroconductuales en personas con TCE en Colombia. De igual forma, es importante el diseño de intervenciones que trabajen de manera paralela con los cuidadores y familiares para orientarlos respecto al impacto que puede tener el TCE tanto en la vida del paciente, como en la familia, brindándoles, además, herramientas para manejar la aparición de problemas emocionales, como la depresión, la baja autoestima y la sobrecarga.
O conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde na profilaxia da transmissão vertical do HIV em uma maternidade pública brasileira
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Lígia Ferreira Almeida , Guimarães Janaína Valadares , Salge Ana Karina Marques , Fávaro Ludmila Camilo
Published: July 2015

El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivas, en lo que se refiere a las medidas profilácticas del riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Estudio transversal con la participación de 25 profesionales de la salud. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y junio de 2012 en una maternidad públicao en Goiás, Brasil. De los profesionales encuestados el 76% tenían un conocimiento inadecuado sobre la prueba del VIH en mujeres embarazadas, el 80% desconocía a qué edad gestacional se realiza la cesárea electiva cuando la carga viral es mayor de 1000 copias / ml, el 66% no sabe cuál es la dosis recomendada de ataque AZT y el tiempo transcurrido antes de la entrega, el 84% no sabe cuál es el método adecuado para la inhibición de la lactancia. Se concluye que es necesaria la implementación de estrategias dirigidas a la formación de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIH-positivas en su lugar de trabajo.
William Zeckendorf, Place Ville-Marie, and the Making of Modern Montreal
Authors: Nerbas Don
Published: July 2015

The Place Ville-Marie development was central to the renovation of Montreal during the 1950s and 1960s. Its cruciform office tower transformed the city’s skyline and marked the removal of the city’s financial district from St. James Street to the new alley of skyscrapers on Dorchester Boulevard (now Boulevard René Lévesque). Earlier studies have emphasized the role of modern planning in the making of Place Ville-Marie and other post–Second World War urban redevelopment projects. This article advances an interpretation of Place Ville-Marie as a capital investment in the “production of space.” The project was a highly speculative effort by its developer, William Zeckendorf, to utilize monumental architecture to sell prestige to corporate tenants. This took place in specific, historically contingent, and politically contested circumstances. In a period when modernization was a powerful and popular idea, Zeckendorf cultivated a myth about Place Ville-Marie that accommodated and absorbed nationalist aspirations within Montreal and Canada that were fixed upon the panacea of modernization. While Zeckendorf’s financial woes and the overcapacity of office space that Place Ville-Marie helped create contradicted the project’s mythic image, Place Ville-Marie also embodied new capitalist values and the rise of new capitalist forces in the city.
Childhood in Calgary’s Postwar Suburbs: Kids, Bullets, and Boom, 1950–1965
Authors: Onusko James
Published: July 2015

Suburban living has become the definitive housing choice for a large majority of North Americans since the end of the Second World War. A longstanding image of the postwar suburbs highlights a stable and undifferentiated experience for young Canadians. Much of the popular and scholarly literature on these spaces tends to portray them as exclusively middle class, homogeneous, conformist, conservative, and alienating. While Canadian suburbia has appeared similar in outward appearance, increasingly more so in the postwar era, this has not necessarily meant that the suburbs have created total homogenization in the built environment, lifestyles, attitudes, and values of their inhabitants. Suburbs embody substantial economic, political, and cultural power in North America. In the past two decades a more nuanced response from academics on suburbia has emerged, in that some diversity, on several levels, is now noted. This article builds on this alternate view. I argue that young suburbanites were exposed to aggressive imagery, discursive constructs, and everyday practices in an attempt to discipline them for possible military service, ongoing participation in civilian defence, and that they internalized much of this. The resulting general atmosphere prepared them to engage “enemies,” under the auspices of the Cold War that lay both within, and outside, postwar childhood spaces. Evidence is based on oral histories, images produced for children, newspaper editorials, and the school-based literature and art that suburban students created.
The Story of a Commercial Street: Growth, Decline, and Gentrification on Gottingen Street, Halifax
Authors: Roth Nathan , Grant Jill L.
Published: July 2015

Between the 1830s and 2010s Gottingen Street in Halifax, Canada, transitioned from a residential street, to a commercial corridor, to an area of community services, to a revitalizing “hip” area. Its story reflects the influence of changing regulatory regimes, transportation modes, commercial practices, and cultural values. The article follows uses in selected properties on the street to tell the story of an area shifting in use and character as a result of major infrastructure investments and changing economic conditions between 1910 and 2015.
Plasma viraemia in HIV‐positive pregnant women entering antenatal care in South Africa
Authors: Myer Landon , Phillips Tamsin K , Hsiao Nei‐Yuan , Zerbe Allison , Petro Gregory , Bekker Linda‐Gail , McIntyre James A , Abrams Elaine J
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Plasma HIV viral load (VL) is the principle determinant of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (MTCT), yet there are few data on VL in populations of pregnant women in sub‐Saharan Africa. We examined the distribution and determinants of VL in HIV‐positive women seeking antenatal care (ANC) in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods

Consecutive HIV‐positive pregnant women making their first antenatal clinic visit were recruited into a cross‐sectional study of viraemia in pregnancy, including a brief questionnaire and specimens for VL testing and CD4 cell enumeration.

Results & discussion

Overall 5551 pregnant women sought ANC during the study period, of whom 1839 (33%) were HIV positive and 1521 (85%) were included. Approximately two‐thirds of HIV‐positive women in the sample (n=947) were not on antiretrovirals at the time of the first ANC visit, and the remainder (38%, n=574) had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to conception. For women not on ART, the median VL was 3.98 log10 copies/mL; in this group, the sensitivity of CD4 cell counts ≤350 cells/µL in detecting VL>10,000 copies/mL was 64% and this increased to 78% with a CD4 threshold of ≤500 cells/µL. Among women on ART, 78% had VL<50 copies/mL and 13% had VL >1000 copies/mL at the time of their ANC visit.

Conclusions

VL >10,000 copies/mL was commonly observed in women not on ART with CD4 cell counts >350 cells/µL, suggesting that CD4 cell counts may not be adequately sensitive in identifying women at greatest risk of MTCT. A large proportion of women entering ANC initiated ART before conception, and in this group more than 10% had VL>1000 copies/mL despite ART use. VL monitoring during pregnancy may help to identify pregnancies that require additional clinical attention to minimize MTCT risk and improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Around the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Vargaonkar Gauresh , Singh Vikramadittya , Arora Sumit , Kashyap Abhishek , Gupta Vikas , Khanna Geetika , Kumar Ramesh
Published: July 2015

The foot and ankle are rare sites of involvement for giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. We present three rare cases of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath arising from the tendon sheaths of the flexor hallucis longus, peroneus brevis, and extensor hallucis brevis tendons, along with a literature review of such cases in the foot and ankle region. All of the patients were treated with surgical excision of the mass and were asymptomatic after minimum follow-up of 18 months. Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath involving the foot and ankle region is a rare clinical entity, and good results can be expected after surgical excision.
Infection Prevention and Control in the Podiatric Medical Setting
Authors: Wise Matthew E. , Bancroft Elizabeth , Clement Ernest J. , Hathaway Susan , High Patricia , Kim Moon , Lutterloh Emily , Perz Joseph F. , Sehulster Lynne M. , Tyson Clara , White-Comstock Mary Beth , Montana Barbara
Published: July 2015

Unsafe practices are an underestimated contributor to the disease burden of bloodborne viruses. Outbreaks associated with failures in basic infection prevention have been identified in nonhospital settings with increased frequency in the United States during the past 15 years, representing an alarming trend and indicating that the challenge of providing consistently safe care is not always met. As has been the case with most medical specialties, public health investigations by state and local health departments, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have identified some instances of unsafe practices that have placed podiatric medical patients at risk for viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. All health-care providers, including podiatric physicians, must make infection prevention a priority in any setting in which care is delivered.
Mitotic fidelity requires transgenerational action of a testis-restricted HP1
Authors: Levine Mia T , Vander Wende Helen M , Malik Harmit S
Published: July 2015

Sperm-packaged DNA must undergo extensive reorganization to ensure its timely participation in embryonic mitosis. Whereas maternal control over this remodeling is well described, paternal contributions are virtually unknown. In this study, we show that Drosophila melanogaster males lacking Heterochromatin Protein 1E (HP1E) sire inviable embryos that undergo catastrophic mitosis. In these embryos, the paternal genome fails to condense and resolve into sister chromatids in synchrony with the maternal genome. This delay leads to a failure of paternal chromosomes, particularly the heterochromatin-rich sex chromosomes, to separate on the first mitotic spindle. Remarkably, HP1E is not inherited on mature sperm chromatin. Instead, HP1E primes paternal chromosomes during spermatogenesis to ensure faithful segregation post-fertilization. This transgenerational effect suggests that maternal control is necessary but not sufficient for transforming sperm DNA into a mitotically competent pronucleus. Instead, paternal action during spermiogenesis exerts post-fertilization control to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in the embryo.
On the dimensionality of odor space
Authors: Meister Markus
Published: July 2015

There is great interest in understanding human olfactory experience from a principled and quantitative standpoint. The comparison is often made to color vision, where a solid framework with a three-dimensional perceptual space enabled a rigorous search for the underlying neural pathways, and the technological development of lifelike color display devices. A recent, highly publicized report claims that humans can discriminate at least 1 trillion odors, which exceeds by many orders of magnitude the known capabilities of color discrimination. This claim is wrong. I show that the failure lies in the mathematical method used to infer the size of odor space from a limited experimental sample. Further analysis focuses on establishing how many dimensions the perceptual odor space has. I explore the dimensionality of physical, neural, and perceptual spaces, drawing on results from bacteria to humans, and propose some experimental approaches to better estimate the number of discriminable odors.
The number of olfactory stimuli that humans can discriminate is still unknown
Authors: Gerkin Richard C , Castro Jason B
Published: July 2015

It was recently proposed (Bushdid et al., 2014) that humans can discriminate between at least a trillion olfactory stimuli. Here we show that this claim is the result of a fragile estimation framework capable of producing nearly any result from the reported data, including values tens of orders of magnitude larger or smaller than the one originally reported in (Bushdid et al., 2014). Additionally, the formula used to derive this estimate is well-known to provide an upper bound, not a lower bound as reported. That is to say, the actual claim supported by the calculation is in fact that humans can discriminate at most one trillion olfactory stimuli. We conclude that there is no evidence for the original claim.
A randomized comparison of once weekly epoetin alfa to extended schedule epoetin or darbepoetin in chemotherapy‐associated anemia
Authors: Steensma David P. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Novotny Paul J. , Sloan Jeff A. , Johnson David B. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mattar Bassam I. , Moore Dennis F. , Nikcevich Daniel , Loprinzi Charles L.
Published: July 2015

Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) epoetin alfa (EA) and darbepoetin alfa (DA) increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels and reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements in patients with cancer chemotherapy‐associated anemia (CAA). Extended‐interval ESA dosing (administration less than once weekly) is common with DA, but previous studies suggested that EA might also be administered less often than weekly. In this multicenter prospective trial, 239 CAA patients with Hb <10.5 g/dL were randomized to receive EA 40,000 U subcutaneously once weekly (“40K” arm), EA 80,000 U every 3 weeks (“80K”), EA 120,000 U every 3 weeks (“120K” arm), or DA 500 mcg every 3 weeks (“DA”), for 15 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving Hb ≥ 11.5 g/dL or increment of Hb > 2.0 g/dL from baseline without transfusion. Secondary endpoints included transfusion requirements, adverse events (AEs), and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). There were no significant differences between treatment arms in the proportion of patients achieving Hb response (68.9% for 40K, 61.7% for 80K, 65.5% for 120K, and 66.7% for DA; P > 0.41 for all comparisons) or requiring RBC transfusion, but the median Hb increment from baseline was higher in the 40K and DA arms compared to the two extended dosing EA arms, and Hb response was achieved soonest in the weekly EA arm. There were no differences in PROs or AEs. The FDA‐approved schedules tested—weekly EA 40,000 U, and every 3 week DA 500 mcg—are reasonable standards for CAA therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 90:877–881, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating a climate for ergonomic changes in the construction industry
Authors: Boatman Laura , Chaplan Debra , Teran Suzanne , Welch Laura S.
Published: July 2015

Background

Ergonomic solutions that have gained acceptance in other industries are often considered not applicable to a construction work environment, even though the industry is characterized by high physical work demands.

Methods

We conducted 50 key informant interviews with 23 contractor representatives and 27 union staff, plus 4 focus groups with a total of 48 workers.

Results

Many workers hold the belief that WMSDs are inevitable as part of the job, and did not consistently believe that changing the nature of the work could prevent that injury or pain. The interviewees reported limited availability and accessibility of tested and effective tools that both reduce physical demand and also get the job done efficiently and effectively. Yet for each major obstacle to implementation of ergonomics in the industry identified, the construction professionals we interviewed offered a variety of solutions.

Conclusions

Contractors, unions, and workers need to work together to find actions that work within the parameters of the current economic environment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:858–869, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation, necessity, and sufficiency: Common errors in the scientific reasoning of undergraduate students for interpreting experiments
Authors: Coleman Aaron B. , Lam Diane P. , Soowal Lara N.
Published: July 2015

Gaining an understanding of how science works is central to an undergraduate education in biology and biochemistry. The reasoning required to design or interpret experiments that ask specific questions does not come naturally, and is an essential part of the science process skills that must be learned for an understanding of how scientists conduct research. Gaps in these reasoning skills make it difficult for students to become proficient in reading primary scientific literature. In this study, we assessed the ability of students in an upper‐division biochemistry laboratory class to use the concepts of correlation, necessity, and sufficiency in interpreting experiments presented in a format and context that is similar to what they would encounter when reading a journal article. The students were assessed before and after completion of a laboratory module where necessary vs. sufficient reasoning was used to design and interpret experiments. The assessment identified two types of errors that were commonly committed by students when interpreting experimental data. When presented with an experiment that only establishes a correlation between a potential intermediate and a known effect, students frequently interpreted the intermediate as being sufficient (causative) for the effect. Also, when presented with an experiment that tests only necessity for an intermediate, they frequently made unsupported conclusions about sufficiency, and vice versa. Completion of the laboratory module and instruction in necessary vs. sufficient reasoning showed some promise for addressing these common errors. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):305–315, 2015.
Effects of Cosolvents on the Folding and Catalytic Activities of the Hammerhead Ribozyme
Authors: Nakano Shu‐ichi , Kitagawa Yuichi , Yamashita Hirofumi , Miyoshi Daisuke , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: July 2015

The RNA cleavage activity of the hammerhead ribozyme has been compared in various mixed aqueous solutions containing cosolvents. Kinetic analysis revealed that the tested cosolvents enhanced the ribozyme activity, particularly at low MgCl2 concentrations. These enhancements, in some cases of more than tenfold, resulted from a reduction in the Mg2+ concentration required for substrate cleavage. An inverse correlation was found between the MgCl2 concentration essential for efficient catalysis and the dielectric constant values. In contrast, FRET measurements showed no substantial influence of cosolvents on the Mg2+‐induced structural transitions. The results suggest that the solution environment has various effects on the Mg2+ interactions involved in the catalysis and global folding of the ribozyme.
Examination of a Structural Model of Peptidomimicry by Cyclic Acyldepsipeptide Antibiotics in Their Interaction with the ClpP Peptidase
Authors: Carney Daniel W. , Schmitz Karl R. , Scruse Anthony C. , Sauer Robert T. , Sello Jason K.
Published: July 2015

The cyclic acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotics act by binding the ClpP peptidase and dysregulating its activity. Their exocyclic N‐acylphenylalanine is thought to structurally mimic the ClpP‐binding, (I/L)GF tripeptide loop of the peptidase's accessory ATPases. We found that ADEP analogues with exocyclic N‐acyl tripeptides or dipeptides resembling the (I/L)GF motif were weak ClpP activators and had no bioactivity. In contrast, ADEP analogues possessing difluorophenylalanine N‐capped with methyl‐branched acyl groups—like the side chains of residues in the (I/L)GF motifs—were superior to the parent ADEP with respect to both ClpP activation and bioactivity. We contend that the ADEP's N‐acylphenylalanine moiety is not simply a stand‐in for the ATPases' (I/L)GF motif; it likely has physicochemical properties that are better suited for ClpP binding. Further, our finding that the methyl‐branching on the acyl group of the ADEPs improves activity opens new avenues for optimization.
Three‐Dimensional Interconnected Network of Graphene‐Wrapped Silicon/Carbon Nanofiber Hybrids for Binder‐Free Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ming‐Shan , Song Wei‐Li , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: July 2015

A three‐dimensional (3D) silicon/carbon nanofiber–graphene (Si/CNF‐G) nanostructure is constructed by encapsulating Si nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, followed by wrapping with graphene nanosheets. The graphene‐wrapped silicon/carbon nanofibers hybrids have the advantages of good dispersion of Si nanoparticles inside the 3D carbon network. Meanwhile, the 3D carbon network can also act as a current collector to promote charge transfer and maintain stable electrical contact of the Si nanoparticles. The resulting Si/CNF‐G composites can be used directly as binder‐free electrodes. The composite exhibits a stable capacity retention and a reversible capacity of 878 mAh g−1 for up to 100 cycles, along with a high rate capacity (514 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1). These results provide a promising research platform for fabricating stable electrodes with improved electrochemical performance.
Sponge‐Like Cathode Material Self‐Assembled from Two‐Dimensional V2O5 Nanosheets for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zhang Chaofeng , Guo Shaohua , Yu Haijun , Liao Kaiming , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin , Zhou Haoshen
Published: July 2015

A sponge‐like V2O5 nanomaterial is prepared by a freeze–drying method and evaluated as a cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries. The sponge‐like structure is self‐assembled from V2O5 nanosheets that can sustain high pressure (400 times their own weight), thus leading to a high structure stability. The numerous macropores in the spongy structure can effectively soak up the electrolyte. Moreover, the exposed (001) facet of the nanosheets is favorable for charge transfer at the electrolyte/electrode interface. The thin nanosheets along the [001] axis provide short diffusion pathways for sodium ions. Electrochemical experiments show that the material has a high discharge capacity of 216 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. In addition, the material shows a good capacity retention of 73 % in 100 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1.
Self‐Assembly of a Tripod Aromatic Rod into Stacked Planar Networks
Authors: Kim Ho‐Joong , Kim Yongju , Cho Sung , Lee Myongsoo
Published: July 2015

Threefold symmetric rigid‐core molecules with an internally grafted poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chain were synthesized, and their self‐assembled structures were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, TEM, and 1D and 2D X‐ray scatterings in the solid state. The tripod compounds based on short PEO chains (n=8, 13, 17, 21), self‐assemble into 2D channel‐like network structures, whereas the compound with the longest PEO chain (n=34) forms a lamellar liquid crystalline phase. The interiors of the channel structures are filled with flexible PEO chains along the double‐walled aromatic circumference. In these channel‐like networks, three aromatic rods connected in the meta‐position to each other are superimposed in parallel to other adjacent molecules to form the double‐walled aromatic frameworks stacked perpendicular to the resulting channels. These are novel examples of supramolecular channel‐like structures developed using amphiphilic diblock molecules based on a threefold symmetric rigid scaffold.
A comparison of salvage infusional chemotherapy regimens for recurrent/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Griffin Patrick T. , Ho Viet Q. , Fulp William , Nishihori Taiga , Shain Kenneth H. , Alsina Melissa , Baz Rachid C.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Despite the impact of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, infusional chemotherapy regimens continue to be used for patients with multiple myeloma. To the authors' knowledge, contemporary data regarding salvage chemotherapy regimens are sparse, with no direct comparisons.

METHODS

The authors performed a single‐institution study comparing 3 salvage chemotherapy regimens in 107 patients with recurrent/refractory multiple myeloma: dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DCEP) in 52 patients; bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (VTD‐PACE) in 22 patients; and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (CVAD) in 33 patients.

RESULTS

Differences between treatment groups existed, including higher baseline creatinine for patients treated with CVAD (P<.001) and greater prior use of infusional chemotherapy for those receiving VTD‐PACE (P<.001). There was no significant difference in response noted among the 3 regimens: 55% overall (P = .18). For the intent‐to‐transplant population, a similar percentage were successfully bridged to transplant without further therapy (62%; P = .9). There was no difference in survival observed across the 3 regimens, with an overall median progression‐free survival of 4.5 months (95% confidence interval, 3.6‐5.5 months [P = .8]) and a median overall survival of 8.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.1‐11 months [P = .8]). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference noted among clinically relevant adverse events, although there was a suggestion of fewer adverse events with DCEP. Patients treated with the intent to transplant had superior outcomes for response (odds ratio, 3.40; P = .01), progression‐free survival (hazard ratio, 0.28; P<.001), and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.19; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The 3 salvage regimens demonstrated similar responses, survival, and adverse events. Given the short response durations observed in the recurrent/refractory disease setting, infusional chemotherapy is best suited for cytoreduction before more definitive therapy is administered. Cancer 2015;121:3622–3630. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
State disparities in colorectal cancer rates: Contributions of risk factors, screening, and survival differences
Authors: Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Goede S. Lucas , Ma Jiemin , Xiau‐Cheng Wu , Pawlish Karen , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Northeastern states of the United States have shown more progress in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates than Southern states, and this has resulted in considerable disparities. This study quantified how the disparities in CRC rates between Louisiana (a Southern state) and New Jersey (a Northeastern state) would be affected if differences in risk factors, screening, and stage‐specific CRC relative survival between the states were eliminated.

METHODS

This study used the Microsimulation Screening Analysis Colon microsimulation model to estimate age‐adjusted CRC incidence and mortality rates in Louisiana from 1995 to 2009 under the assumption that 1) Louisiana had the same smoking and obesity prevalence observed in New Jersey, 2) Louisiana had the same CRC screening uptake observed in New Jersey, 3) Louisiana had the same stage‐specific CRC relative survival observed in New Jersey, or 4) all the preceding were true.

RESULTS

In 2009, the observed CRC incidence and mortality rates in Louisiana were 141.4 cases and 61.9 deaths per 100,000 individuals, respectively. With the same risk factors and screening observed in New Jersey, the CRC incidence rate in Louisiana was reduced by 3.5% and 15.2%, respectively. New Jersey's risk factors, screening, and survival reduced the CRC mortality rate in Louisiana by 3.0%, 10.8%, and 17.4%, respectively. With all trends combined, the modeled rates per 100,000 individuals in Louisiana became lower than the observed rates in New Jersey for both incidence (116.4 vs 130.0) and mortality (44.7 vs 55.8).

CONCLUSIONS

The disparities in CRC incidence and mortality rates between Louisiana and New Jersey could be eliminated if Louisiana could attain New Jersey's levels of risk factors, screening, and survival. Priority should be given to enabling Southern states to improve screening and survival rates. Cancer 2015;121:3676–3683. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The Cell‐CT 3‐dimensional cell imaging technology platform enables the detection of lung cancer using the noninvasive LuCED sputum test
Authors: Meyer Michael G. , Hayenga Jon W. , Neumann Thomas , Katdare Rahul , Presley Chris , Steinhauer David E. , Bell Timothy M. , Lancaster Christy A. , Nelson Alan C.
Published: July 2015

The war against cancer has yielded important advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of certain cancer types, but the poor detection rate and 5‐year survival rate for lung cancer has changed little over the past 40 years. Early detection through emerging lung cancer screening programs promise the most reliable means of improving mortality. Sputum cytology has been tried without success because sputum contains few malignant cells that are difficult for cytologists to detect. However, research has shown that sputum contains diagnostic malignant cells and could serve as a means of lung cancer detection if those cells could be detected and correctly characterized. Recently, the National Lung Screening Trial reported that screening using 3 consecutive low‐dose x‐ray computed tomography scans provides a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality compared with chest x‐ray. However, this reduction in mortality comes with an unacceptable false‐positive rate that increases patient risks and the overall cost of lung cancer screening. The LuCED test for detection of early lung cancer is reviewed in the current article. LuCED is based on patient sputum that is enriched for bronchial epithelial cells. The enriched sample is then processed on the Cell‐CT, which images cells in 3 dimensions with submicron resolution. Algorithms are applied to the 3‐dimensional cell images to extract morphometric features that drive a classifier to identify cells that have abnormal characteristics. The final status of these candidate abnormal cells is established by the pathologist's manual review. LuCED promotes accurate cell classification that could enable the cost‐effective detection of lung cancer. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:512–523. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Homogenization and Hydrodynamic Limit for Fermi‐Dirac Statistics Coupled to a Poisson Equation
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Tayeb Mohamed Lazhar
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the diffusion approximation of a Boltzmann‐Poisson system modeling Fermi‐Dirac statistics in the presence of an extra external oscillating electrostatic potential. Here we extend the analysis done in [19] to the case of a nonlinear collision operator. In addition to the averaging lemma and control from entropy dissipation used in [19], here we use two‐scale Young measures and renormalization techniques to prove the convergence. This result rigorously justifies the formal analysis of [3]. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Xenbase: Core features, data acquisition, and data processing
Authors: James‐Zorn Christina , Ponferrada Virgillio G. , Burns Kevin A. , Fortriede Joshua D. , Lotay Vaneet S. , Liu Yu , Brad Karpinka J. , Karimi Kamran , Zorn Aaron M. , Vize Peter D.
Published: July 2015

Xenbase, the Xenopus model organism database (www.xenbase.org), is a cloud‐based, web‐accessible resource that integrates the diverse genomic and biological data from Xenopus research. Xenopus frogs are one of the major vertebrate animal models used for biomedical research, and Xenbase is the central repository for the enormous amount of data generated using this model tetrapod. The goal of Xenbase is to accelerate discovery by enabling investigators to make novel connections between molecular pathways in Xenopus and human disease. Our relational database and user‐friendly interface make these data easy to query and allows investigators to quickly interrogate and link different data types in ways that would otherwise be difficult, time consuming, or impossible. Xenbase also enhances the value of these data through high‐quality gene expression curation and data integration, by providing bioinformatics tools optimized for Xenopus experiments, and by linking Xenopus data to other model organisms and to human data. Xenbase draws in data via pipelines that download data, parse the content, and save them into appropriate files and database tables. Furthermore, Xenbase makes these data accessible to the broader biomedical community by continually providing annotated data updates to organizations such as NCBI, UniProtKB, and Ensembl. Here, we describe our bioinformatics, genome‐browsing tools, data acquisition and sharing, our community submitted and literature curation pipelines, text‐mining support, gene page features, and the curation of gene nomenclature and gene models. genesis 53:486–497, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Artificial Diiron Enzymes with a De Novo Designed Four‐Helix Bundle Structure
Authors: Chino Marco , Maglio Ornella , Nastri Flavia , Pavone Vincenzo , DeGrado William F. , Lombardi Angela
Published: July 2015

A single polypeptide chain may provide an astronomical number of conformers. Nature selected only a trivial number of them through evolution, composing an alphabet of scaffolds, that can afford the complete set of chemical reactions needed to support life. These structural templates are so stable that they allow several mutations without disruption of the global folding, even having the ability to bind several exogenous cofactors. With this perspective, metal cofactors play a crucial role in the regulation and catalysis of several processes. Nature is able to modulate the chemistry of metals, adopting only a few ligands and slightly different geometries. Several scaffolds and metal‐binding motifs are representing the focus of intense interest in the literature. This review discusses the widespread four‐helix bundle fold, adopted as a scaffold for metal binding sites in the context of de novo protein design to obtain basic biochemical components for biosensing or catalysis. In particular, we describe the rational refinement of structure/function in diiron–oxo protein models from the due ferri (DF) family. The DF proteins were developed by us through an iterative process of design and rigorous characterization, which has allowed a shift from structural to functional models. The examples reported herein demonstrate the importance of the synergic application of de novo design methods as well as spectroscopic and structural characterization to optimize the catalytic performance of artificial enzymes.
Valuing Stuff
Authors: Randall Régine , Mercurio Mia Lynn
Published: July 2015

Recent interest in materials culture and artifactual literacies has helped the authors of this article rethink how they teach preservice and inservice teachers and collaborate with K–12 teachers. Each discipline has its own stuff that can help students understand the products and practices of a field beyond what they might be able to glean from text. To that end, every teacher should see their classroom and content area as a “place for my stuff” because objects speak and communicate more messages through form, color, size, and texture than print alone.
Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: is a randomized trial necessary?
Authors: Kooby David A. , Vollmer Charles M.
Published: July 2015

Highlight

Momentum for minimally invasive pancreatectomy is slow and distal pancreatectomy is the most commonly performed laparoscopically. Nakamura and colleagues in Japan used propensity score matching to compare open and laparoscopic techniques for removing the left side of the pancreas. We provide a review and commentary relating to this study.
Nanomechanics and Origin of Rubber Elasticity of Novel Nanostructured Thermoplastic Elastomeric Blends Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Banerjee Shib Shankar , Kumar Kotnees Dinesh , Sikder Arun K. , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: July 2015

PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping is an advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique for measuring the mechanics of a sample surface by probing at the nanoscale. This nanomechanical mapping is performed in novel nanostructured thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) consisting of nanolevel dispersion of fluoroelastomer phase (60–80 nm) in the continuous polyamide matrix. Both in the case of TPE and TPV, elastic modulus and adhesion force (between the tip and sample surface) from the continuous matrix phase to the dispersed rubber particle through the nanometric interface (4–5 nm) are analyzed. The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the nanomechanical properties of the interface and the dispersed rubber phase of the blends is discussed. The origin of rubber elasticity in thermoplastic elastomeric blends in spite of the plastic as the continuous phase is proposed. It was shown for the first time that the interconnected dispersed rubber phase through the thin rubber ligament of 4–12 nm width in the thermoplastic matrix significantly contribute to the rubber elasticity in TPE and TPV.

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Arctic metrology: calibration of radiosondes ground check sensors in Ny‐Ålesund
Authors: Musacchio Chiara , Bellagarda Simone , Maturilli Marion , Graeser Jürgen , Vitale Vito , Merlone Andrea
Published: July 2015

The Arctic research village of Ny‐Ålesund (79 ° N, 12 ° E) on the Spitsbergen island of Svalbard archipelago, with its logistics and infrastructure, provides a unique access to the Arctic environment. Among the several international environmental and climate monitoring programmes constantly running there, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) has established one of its stations at the Alfred Wegener Institute observatory. Calibration of sensors and measurement traceability are fundamental aspects of climate observations, as requested by the GRUAN measurement procedures. In the framework of the MeteoMet project, a transportable climatic chamber for the calibrations of air temperature and pressure sensors was studied and manufactured. In June 2014, a calibration campaign involved the transport and use of one of those systems in the Ny‐Ålesund GRUAN station. The result of the campaign has been the complete calibration of temperature and pressure sensors for radiosonde pre‐launch ground checks. The resulting calibration curves were obtained with lower uncertainties and more robust characterization of the sensors, with respect to the usual procedures adopted. Given the opportunity of the calibration device operating already in place and the presence of the metrology staff, the calibration was extended to the sensors equipping the Amundsen‐Nobile Climate Change Tower. The present study reports on the ‘Arctic metrology 2014’ campaign and the plans for the establishment of a permanent laboratory for metrology in Ny‐Ålesund. The aim is to address the measurement traceability needs arising from the multidisciplinary measurements made by the scientific community operating there.
Determination of the potential bioavailability of plant microRNAs using a simulated human digestion process
Authors: Philip Anna , Ferro Valerie A. , Tate Rothwelle J.
Published: July 2015

Scope

The “dietary xenomiR hypothesis” proposes that microRNAs (miRNAs) in foodstuffs survive transit through the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and pass into cells intact to affect gene regulation. However, debate continues as to whether dietary intake poses a feasible route for such exogenous gene regulators. Understanding on miRNA levels during pretreatments of human diet is essential to test their bioavailability during digestion. This study makes the novel first use of an in vitro method to eliminate the inherent complexities and variability of in vivo approaches used to test this hypothesis.

Methods and results

Plant miRNA levels in soybean and rice were measured during storage, processing, cooking, and early digestion using real‐time PCR. We have demonstrated for the first time that storage, processing, and cooking does not abolish the plant miRNAs present in the foodstuffs. In addition, utilizing a simulated human digestion system revealed significant plant miRNA bioavailability after early stage digestion for 75 min. Attenuation of plant messenger RNA and synthetic miRNA was observed under these conditions.

Conclusion

Even after an extensive pretreatment, plant‐derived miRNA, delivered by typical dietary ingestion, has a robustness that could make them bioavailable for uptake during early digestion. The potential benefit of these regulatory molecules in pharma nutrition could be explored further.
Pionier der bioanorganischen Chemie
Authors: Rüdiger W. Seidel
Published: July 2015

Mit seinen Arbeiten über biologisch inspirierte Übergangsmetallkomplexe makrocyclischer Schiff‐Basen‐Liganden war Ernst‐Gottfried Jäger in den 1960er Jahren einer der ersten, die in Deutschland ein neues Teilgebiet der anorganischen Chemie etablierten: die Bioanorganik.
Marge statt Masse
Authors: Bug Thorsten
Published: July 2015

Nach mehreren hervorragenden Geschäftsjahren suchen Chemieunternehmen aggressiv nach möglichst nichtzyklischen Wachstumssegmenten. Aufgrund von Transaktionen — vorrangig im Mindermengengeschäft der Spezialchemie — ändert sich die Produktionslandschaft in den hoch industrialisierten Regionen.
A Faith‐Based Advantage?
Authors: Ford Michael R.
Published: July 2015

This study explored whether religiously affiliated nonprofit schools participating in Milwaukee's long‐standing school voucher program engage in more fundraising and perform better on academic indicators than nonsectarian nonprofit schools. The analysis of three years of organizational‐level voucher school data reveals that a higher percentage of religious affiliated schools engage in fundraising, and that religious schools affiliated with umbrella organizations have higher test score indicators than nonsectarian schools. The author concludes that the religious advantage is likely in part a result of the broader access to networks and resources available to religious schools associated with umbrella organizations like a Catholic archdiocese or Lutheran synod. The results are relevant to policymakers who are considering implementing a reinvented government approach to the provision of public goods, as well as leaders of nonprofit corporations who seek to maximize performance.