bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Solutions in Tourism as a Way to Boost Sustainable Development: Evidence from a Transition Economy
Authors: Polukhina Anna , Sheresheva Marina , Napolskikh Dmitrii , Lezhnin Vladimir
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the role of digital economy tools, including big data, mobile applications, e-commerce, and sharing economy platforms, in the sustainable development of tourism sector. The focus is on studying how the digital economy tools can contribute to more efficient and sustainable tourism services, to the service quality improvement, to reducing the negative environmental impact, and thus increase the availability of tourism resources in local destinations. On the example of successful use of digital technologies in Russian regions, the paper discusses the introduction of online platforms for booking services, the use of mobile applications for navigation and obtaining information about tourist sites, as well as the use of digital tools for predicting consumer preferences. Systematic approach to the analysis of tourism services digitalization, based on a set of technical and functional-digital indicators, allowed us to evaluate the impact of the digitalization level on the local destination sustainable development in the transition economy conditions. The proposed methodology for assessing and applying tourism services digitalization tools in Russian regions takes in account the transition economy specifics, and aims to promote more sustainable practices. The study will add to the existing literature by defining both technical and functional criteria for the implementation of digital technologies as tools for new business models creation in tourism, and development of tourism services digitalization model, based on assessment of regional digitalization level, to ensure the movement towards achieving sustainable development goals in local destinations.
Some Difficulties in Author Attribution
Authors: Klyshinsky Eduard Stanislavovich , Kochetkova Nataliya Aleksandrova , Karpik Olesya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

The paper investigates the issue of changing the relative position of texts written by different authors, while reducing the size of fragments of these works. To vectorize the text, we used statistics on the occurrence of syntactic connections, defined as parts of speech of words and the relation’s type. It is shown that decrease of the size of fragments leads to a blurring of the boundaries within which the works of one author are located.
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES BY ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS ON ZEOLITES
Authors: Melnyk Yurii , Malasniak Roman , Siryk Kateryna , Melnyk Stepan
Published: December 2024

The regularities of triglyceride transesterification by C1-C3 aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by NaX, NaY, and CaA zeolites have been studied. The zeolite's type effect on the triglyceride conversion and transesterification initial rate has been determined. It has been established that the triglyceride transesterification regularities by the catalysis of the investigated zeolites are similar. It has been shown that the triglycerides basic amount conversion occurs in the initial reaction period. It has been found that the triglycerides conversion during the first 60 min of the methanolysis reaction reaches 86-96 %, while during triglyceride transesterification by ethyl or propyl alcohols conversion reaches 29-63 % only. Further increase of the reaction's duration up to 150 min practically does not affect the triglycerides conversion during their transesterification by methyl alcohol. The triglyceride conversion increases by 8-11% during transesterification by ethyl and propyl alcohols. It has been shown that the triglyceride conversion achieved in 150 min correlates well with the value of triglyceride conversion during the initial reaction period. It has been found that the triglyceride conversion in 150 min by the catalysis of NaX and NaY zeolites is significantly higher than when using CaA zeolite. It has been concluded that the triglyceride conversion is significantly affected by alkali or alkaline earth metal ions that are part of the zeolite and much less by the structure of its crystal lattice. It has been shown that the zeolites' catalytic activity depends on the cation of alkali or alkaline earth metals in their composition. The triglyceride transesterification initial reaction rate by methanol is 1.7-4.3 times higher than that of transesterification by ethyl or propyl alcohols. It has been shown that the triglyceride transesterification initial reaction rate by catalysis of NaX and NaY zeolites is 1.6-3.1 times higher than that catalyzed by CaA zeolite. It has been found that there is a satisfactory correlation between the transesterification initial rate and the triglyceride conversion.
OPERATING FEATURES OF STEP-DOWN TYPE PULSE REGULATOR ON BATTERY
Authors: Batrak Larysa , Romashko Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The peculiarities of the operation of pulse regulators on the battery have been analyzed. Such regulators are often used to match the output resistance of the power source with the load resistance. This is necessary to ensure the possibility of taking the maximum power from the source when the load resistance changes. In the case of using non-traditional and renewable sources of electrical energy, for a more uniform supply of energy to the load, a battery that works in buffer mode is turned on at the output of the regulator. In such cases, the load of the regulator will be the battery, and the input resistance of the pulse regulator will perform the role of the source load. To increase the reliability of the battery, it is necessary to be able to adjust its charging and discharging current using a pulse regulator. To ensure the performance of the specified functions, it is necessary to know the regulatory characteristics of the regulator. The article analyzes the features of the operation of the step-down type pulse regulator on the battery, and defines the conditions for ensuring the transfer of maximum power from the source to the load. For this purpose, the regulatory characteristics of the regulator were obtained and analyzed, taking into account the presence of a battery at its output. Since in the maximum power sampling mode, the output resistance of the source and the load resistance must be of the same order, the internal resistance of the power source must be taken into account when determining the regulatory characteristics. It is shown that if there is a battery at the output of the regulator, it will work in the current regulation mode. At the same time, regulation range will be limited and will depend on the voltage on the battery. The conditions under which the maximum power is taken from the power source are ensured. The recommended value of the relative voltage on the battery is indicated, at which it is possible to draw the maximum power, as well as smooth regulation of the battery charge current in a wide range.
Characteristic of the population of geese covered by the protection of biodiversity programme in Poland
Authors:   National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Poultry Breeding, 32-083 Balice near Kraków, Poland, Calik Jolanta , Lewko Lidia ,   National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Poultry Breeding, 32-083 Balice near Kraków, Poland, Kowalczyk Artur ,   Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Poultry Breeding, ul. Chełmonskiego 38c, ´ 51-630 Wrocław, Poland, Łukaszewicz Ewa ,   Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Poultry Breeding, ul. Chełmonskiego 38c, ´ 51-630 Wrocław, Poland, Andres Krzysztof ,   University of Agriculture in Kraków, Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Published: December 2024

Domestic goose is a species strongly associated with the agricultural landscape, tradition and culture of local communities. Currently, a unique collection of 14 breeds of geese kept on four farms across the country is included in the programme for the protection of the goose population in Poland. Endangered geese are protected using an in situ method - keeping live animals in their natural environment. All goose breeds included in the protection programme represent a valuable part of the genetic diversity of the species. Based on the analysis of the results for the 2021 or 2022 period, it was found that these geese maintain good health, achieve good production and hatchability parameters, and their mating method protects them from an inbred increase.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DIET FORMULATIONS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF DRY COWS AND THE GROWTH OF THEIR OFFSPRING FROM THE NEW POPULATION OF SIMMENTAL BEEF CATTLE IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF BUKOVINA
Authors: Kalinka Andriy K. , Stadnytska Olha I. , Zaborski Daniel
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of feeding dry Simmental beef cows from the Bukovina
zone of the Carpathian region with different diets and to analyze their effect on the growth of the offspring up to the
age of 7 months. Significant changes in the live weight of bull calves were found at different ages (from birth to 7
months), indicating certain differences in the growth characteristics of the offspring whose dams received 15–20%
more energy during the dry period. The economic efficiency of fattening young bulls from the new population of
Simmental beef cattle fed haylage diets (providing 15–20% more energy for their dams during the dry period) is
also presented. This feeding method has proven to be the most economically viable in the Carpathian foothill zone.
TRENDS IN GOAT REARING IN POLAND AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY THEM
Authors:   Department of Animal Breeding and Agricultural Consulting, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland, Greguła-Kania Monika , Nazar Paulina ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Agricultural Consulting, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland, Szysiak Natalia ,   Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland, Kosior-Korzecka Urszula ,   Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Published: December 2024

Currently, goats provide many ecosystem services in Europe. This study analyzed the trends in goat rearing in
Poland over recent years, as well as the ecosystem services provided by them. Data was obtained from ARiMR and
GUS. A survey was conducted, which enabled the collection of data directly from farms. In the analyzed years from
2016 to 2022, a slow increase in the goat population in Poland was observed (36 percentage increase). In 50.3%
of the surveyed farms, 10–50 goats were kept, small herds of 1 to 10 females accounted for 45.7%, and only in
4% of the herds were there more than 50 females. Among the ecosystem services stated by the surveyed breeders
providing services in the form of milk/meat obtained from goats were noticed, as well as products from processed
milk. A common reason for rearing goats was also cultural services – their companionship and the desire to enhance
the attractiveness of the surroundings through their presence. Regulatory services provided by goats are marginally
recognized by surveyed breeders.
Valorización sostenible de subproductos orgánicos en la bioeconomía circular: Análisis exploratorio basado en el modelo Lean Canvas
Authors: Toledano Garrido Nuria , Díaz Blanco Manuel Jesús
Published: December 2024

El emprendimiento medioambiental, y en concreto los que trabajan en el sector de valorización de subproductos orgánicos, a menudos se enfrentan con dificultades para poner en marcha sus iniciativas. En este trabajo, se analizan las problemáticas ligadas a la producción de compost como iniciativa, teniendo en cuenta la legislación al respecto y el mercado potencial. Asimismo, haciendo uso del modelo Lean Canvas, se analizan los componentes principales para validar comercialmente una hipotética iniciativa comercial en esta área. Este trabajo busca ser una herramienta útil para quienes impulsan proyectos medioambientales, estudiantes interesados en la creación de empresas y profesionales especializados en técnicas sostenibles dentro del ámbito de la economía circular. En el estudio se destaca que, a pesar de los desafíos significativos en la valorización de subproductos orgánicos a través del compostaje, con un adecuado modelo de negocio, esta práctica se presenta como una opción beneficiosa en términos ambientales, agronómicos y económicos.
Economía circular del suero de leche: bioproceso para su conversión en bioestimulantes y biofertilizantes agronómicos
Authors: Caballero Alejandro , Orts Gómez José María , López Rodríguez Jesús , Parrado Rubio Juan , Martín Presas Luis
Published: December 2024

El suero de leche, debido a su alta carga orgánica y su elevada producción, representa un desafío significativo en términos de gestión ambiental. Sin embargo, también constituye una oportunidad para su valorización gracias a su excelente composición química.
Este trabajo propone un bioproceso basado en la economía circular, que permite la valorización completa del suero, mediante su conversión en productos de alto valor añadido para el sector agrícola, específicamente un Bioestimulante/Biofertilizante (BB).
El bioproceso es de naturaleza fermentativa/enzimática y utiliza bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPb), en particular bacterias lácticas (BAL), como herramienta biológica.
El nuevo BB, presenta una composición química radicalmente diferente al suero de leche. Su principal componente son ácidos orgánicos (ácido láctico), seguido de hidrolizados de proteínas (ambos presentan propiedades bioestimulantes) y por último a nivel biológico, la biomasa bacteriana (BAL) con propiedades PGPb, con actividad biofertilizante.
En resumen, esta propuesta de valorización del suero de leche mediante un enfoque biotecnológico promueve una agricultura más sostenible y eficiente, a la vez que fomenta la economía circular al transformar un residuo ambientalmente problemático en un recurso valioso.
Bioinsumos y bioeconomía circular contra el cambio climático: Alianza para la productividad, regeneración de suelos y captura de carbono en la agricultura de México, Biofábrica Siglo XXI
Authors: Medina Morales Paula , Morales Ibarra Marcel , González Monterrubio César
Published: December 2024

El cambio climático es la mayor amenaza que enfrentamos actualmente, y la producción de alimentos impacta significativamente en esta problemática, ya que se estima que una tercera parte de las emisiones GEI provienen de esta actividad. No obstante, la agricultura representa una solución viable a la crisis climática, debido a la capacidad del suelo para secuestrar carbono, sin embargo, esto sólo ocurre en suelos sanos. En 2022, la ONU estimaba que el 40% de los suelos del mundo están degradados. Otro problema derivado de esta degradación es la baja productividad agrícola.
Incentivar la regeneración del suelo, no sólo permitiría obtener la productividad necesaria para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos, sino para convertir los suelos agrícolas en sumideros de carbono. Con este objetivo, Biofábrica propone un modelo de producción basado en el uso de bioinsumos y bioeconomía circular. Para impulsar su implementación a gran escala, ha promovido una alianza público-privada entre instituciones que coadyuven con apoyos económicos, financieros, capacitación, medición de resultados, entre otros. En este trabajo mostramos los resultados (productivos, económicos, uso eficiente de fertilizantes y agua, regeneración de suelo y captura de carbono) obtenidos con la aplicación del modelo en cultivos de caña de azúcar en México.
A New Algorithm for Finding Initial Basic Feasible Solution of Spherical Fuzzy Transportation Problem with Applications
Authors: Hemalatha K. , B Venkateswarlu
Published: December 2024

في بحوث العمليات، هناك منطقة معينة يتم تحليلها بعمق كبير وهي مشكلة النقل (TP). الهدف الرئيسي لهذه المشكلة هو العثور على أقل تكاليف نقل إجمالية للسلع لتلبية متطلبات المستهلك في الوجهات التي تتضمن الموارد المكتسبة في نقاطها الأصلية. في هذا العمل، تحدد مشكلة النقل الضبابي الكروي (SFTP) أقل تكلفة لنقل العناصر من الأصل إلى الوجهة. وفي معظم الأحيان، يتم استخدام بيانات دقيقة، ولكن هذه المتغيرات في الواقع غير دقيقة وغامضة. وفقا للمصادر، تم اقتراح وحساب العديد من التعميمات والتوسعات للمجموعات الضبابية. واحدة من أحدث الابتكارات في المجموعات الضبابية هي المجموعات الكروية الضبابية (SFSs)، والتي تميز ليس فقط درجات العضوية وغير العضوية ولكن أيضًا الدرجات المحايدة. في هذه الدراسة، تم تطوير نهج جديد لاستخلاص الحل الأساسي الأولي الممكن (IBFS) لكل من الأشكال الثلاثة لـ SFTP، ومن ثم الحصول على الإجابة المثلى من خلال تطبيق تقنية التوزيع المعدل (MODI). بالنسبة لمثل هذه الأطر، يتم توضيح النهج المقترح من خلال الأمثلة العددية. في النهاية تم إعطاء الاستنتاج والمقترحات للعمل المستقبلي.
Dissipationless transport signature of topological nodal lines
Authors: Dufouleur Joseph , Veyrat Arthur , Koepernik Klaus , Veyrat Louis , Shipunov Grigory , Aswartham Saicharan , Qu Jiang , Kumar Ankit , Ceccardi Michele , Caglieris Federico , Pérez Nicolás , Giraud Romain , Büchner Bernd , Brink Jeroen van den , Ortix Carmine , Kovalchuk Iryna
Published: December 2024

Topological materials, such as topological insulators or semimetals, usually not only reveal the
nontrivial properties of their electronic wavefunctions through the appearance of stable boundary
modes, but also through very specific electromagnetic responses. The anisotropic longitudinal magnetoresistance of Weyl semimetals, for instance, carries the signature of the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions. However for topological nodal line (TNL) semimetals – materials where the valence and conduction bands cross each other on one-dimensional curves in the three-dimensional Brillouin zone – such a characteristic has been lacking. Here we report the discovery of a peculiar charge transport effect generated by TNLs: a dissipationless transverse signal in the presence of coplanar electric and magnetic fields, which originates from a Zeeman induced conversion of TNLs into Weyl nodes under infinitesimally small magnetic fields. We evidence this dissipationless topological response in trigonal PtBi2 persisting up to room temperature, and unveil the extensive TNLs in the band structure of this non-magnetic material. These findings provide a new pathway to engineer Weyl
nodes by arbitrary small magnetic fields and reveal that bulk topological nodal lines can exhibit
non-dissipative transport properties.
A Fully Coupled Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model for Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Navjot Valappol , Narayan Srinivasa Parthasarathy Atul
Published: December 2024

Capturing the fatigue-induced evolution of viscoelastic properties of the material is crucial for predicting the fatigue life of asphalt concrete pavements. Current prediction models are often regression-based and lack accuracy, necessitating the adoption of mechanistic models like the Viscoelastic-Continuum Damage (VECD) models. The VECD models often rely on Schapery's work potential theory and elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principles, using pseudo-strain to separate viscoelasticity from damage mechanics. However, this decoupling imposes constraints on how viscoelastic properties can evolve. This study presents a new VECD model that fully couples the viscoelasticity of the material with its damage characteristics. It was developed within a Helmholtz-potential-based thermodynamic framework, ensuring consistency with the laws of thermodynamics. The model could describe the evolution of both the apparent storage modulus and loss modulus during fatigue tests over a wide range of strain levels. It captures the three-stage fatigue behavior of asphalt concrete, allows for unconstrained variations in the apparent phase angle, and provides a clear point of failure. Moreover, it can capture the variation of fatigue life with the applied strain level in a manner similar to the Asphalt Institute fatigue life model.
Robust Online Trauma Detection for Cochlear Implant Surgery
Authors: Liu Yuansan , Wijewickrema Sudanthi , Bester Christofer , O'Leary Stephen , Bailey James
Published: December 2024

Hearing loss is an impairment that affects a large population worldwide. Cochlear Implantation (CI) is an effective solution, especially in patients with residual, natural hearing. However, the risk of intracochlear damage during CI surgery, that impairs residual hearing, remains as a concern. It has been shown that intra-operative monitoring during CI surgery can detect and prevent such trauma. Researchers have attempted to automate the process of trauma detection by implementing supervised models. However, these have so far failed to achieve good reliability and generalizability. To address these issues, we develop an unsupervised model based on the Bayesian method with a scoring function derived from the Logistic function. The proposed model, as a data-driven method, directly learns from data without the need for any supervision which enhances its adaptability to diverse patient populations. Empirical results demonstrate the proposed model's high accuracy with a low false alarm rate (18 extra detection against 146 in previous work), as well as its robustness when processing new data. This indicates its potential for real-world application to improve safety during CI surgery.
A Case of Right Atrial Thrombus Mimicking Cardiac Myxoma: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Authors: Awashra Ameer , Salameh Ahmad A , Milhem Fathi , Karmi Hamza B , Thabet Thabet M , Madi Hamad
Published: December 2024

Background: Intra-atrial thrombi, though rare, can develop in either atrium, with a higher prevalence in the left atrium. The causes are often difficult to determine, leading many cases to be classified as having uncertain origins.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 35-year-old non-smoking male with a history of deep vein thrombosis who experienced worsening shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. Echocardiography revealed a right atrial thrombus extending into the left atrium through a patent foramen ovale. The thrombus was surgically excised; however, the patient developed postoperative complications, including pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, and acute liver injury. Following treatment and close monitoring, his condition stabilized, and he was discharged on anticoagulation therapy. Diagnosing intra-atrial thrombi presents significant challenges due to a broad differential diagnosis. Accurate assessment often requires multimodal imaging techniques, including echocardiography, CT angiography, and PET scans. Treatment options include anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and surgical thrombectomy, but there is no universal consensus on the optimal management approach.
Conclusion: Therefore, early detection of intra-atrial thrombi, timely surgical intervention when indicated, and vigilant postoperative monitoring with continued anticoagulation are essential for improving patient outcomes. Consequently, further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying etiologies and enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this rare condition.
Evaluation of tumorous LCP1 and ADPGK as predictive biomarker for immune-related adverse events in bone and soft tissue sarcomas treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Zhe , Zeng Xueqing , Ding Yi , Wang Chen
Published: December 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have been utilized in bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients under multiple circumstances in combination with surgeries and chemotherapy. Regretfully, immune-related adverse events (irAE) increases as the usage of ICI increases. Since a large portion of bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients gain long survival times after successful removal of the tumors which makes clinicians to avoid regimens that causes adverse events, especially lifetime irAE. Hence, predicting the development of irAE are of special significance for utilizing ICI in bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients. We have retrospectively stained tumorous LCP1 and ADPGK, two biomarkers previously reported to predict ICI induced irAE, with surgical removed, formalin-fixed and parrffin-embedded samples in a cohort of 56 bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients. We observed that the most common irAE in bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients received ICI is hyperglycemia and high grade irAE happens predominately in patients over 30 years old. Immunochemistry revealed that both LCP1 and ADPGK were elevated in tumorous tissues of patients developed irAE and bivariate-model of LCP1 and ADPGK severs as a better biomarker in comparison to LCP1 or ADPGK alone in the entire cohort. In osteosarcoma, LCP1 alone exhibited an outstanding predication value with an AUC of 0.9244 (P value of 0.0013 and a 95% CI of 0.8178 to 1.000). LCP1 and ADPGK bivariate-model serves as a promising biomarker for predicting ICI induced irAE in bone and soft tissues sarcoma patients while LCP1 alone works better in bone malignancy especially in osteosarcoma.
Assessing tolerable viscosity differences in polymer-to-polymer welding
Authors: Marcus Miranda , Drake Elizabeth , Nitsch Matt , Corey Zach
Published: December 2024

The welding of dissimilar polymers is becoming increasingly common. There are a couple key drivers to this trend. First, many new plastics applications must be used in environments where adhesives cannot be easily applied, such as for medical products where finding adhesives that pass FDA regulations is nearly impossible. Another key area where dissimilar polymers are joined is for highly engineered applications in which a material is needed for its very specific — and expensive — engineered properties. Often, the expensive material will need to be joined to a lower-cost material to provide some nearby structure that does not require the same specialized properties. A third driver is the need to save space for small or very compact assemblies. Even a thin layer of adhesive can be a significant barrier to performance for some products, such as small electronics. Lastly, an assembly may require the joining of components that must be manufactured via different processes, such as joining an injection-molded frame to an extruded bag. Due to the different plastics production processes used, the two parts can have very different thermal properties even if they are the same type of polymer. One of the most critical properties affecting dissimilar polymer joining is viscosity. If the polymers’ viscosity is not similar enough, intermolecular diffusion cannot occur. The goal of this work is to set clear boundaries on the tolerable limits of the viscosity mismatch that can be accommodated and still result in intermolecular diffusion. Polymers of the same grade of material were heated conductively using a hot plate to different temperatures, then the melt layers were pressed together in the standard hot plate welding approach. The parts were then tensile tested and cross-sectioned to determine relative strength and whether intermolecular diffusion occurred. By using the same grade of material heated to different temperatures, the independent variables are minimized, and the effect of viscosity can be clearly identified. The test data was then analyzed for statistically significant shifts to identify the maximum allowable difference in viscosity.
Identification and Analysis of Key Genes Related to Metabolism in the Brain of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Jinxi , Lei Shihui , Meng Pan , Du Qing , Long Hongping , Wang Yuhong , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric condition and has become the second leading cause of mortality after cancer. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is recognized as one of the brain regions most consistently affected by MDD. While both functional and structural abnormalities in the PFC have been shown to be associated with disruptions in energy metabolism, the specific genes involved in metabolic processes within this region remain poorly understood.
Methods
Datasets related to major depressive disorder (MDD) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed in this study. Initially, differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (DE-MRGs) were identified by intersecting differentially expressed genes from normal and MDD patient samples with metabolism-related genes. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on the DE-MRGs, and hub genes were identified using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin. A logistic regression prediction model was then developed. To further assess the findings, Spearman correlations, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and predictions of transcription factors and microRNAs targeting the hub genes were conducted. Finally, the expression of the hub genes and their potential mechanisms were validated and predicted using an animal model of depression.
Results
In this study, we identified 223 differentially expressed metabolism-related genes. Utilizing the MCODE plugin methods, we further identified 12 hub genes among these differentially expressed genes. Expression validation results indicated that the expression of ACLY, DLD, DLAT, FH, and SLC25A3 were consistent across various datasets for both MDD and control samples. GSEA revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson's disease, and the proteasome. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the expression levels of ACLY, DLD, DLAT, and FH were significantly reduced in the PFC of rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induction. Additionally, further investigation into the transcription factors and regulatory signals of ACLY revealed a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of SREBF1, along with marked reductions in the protein levels of PI3K, Akt, and p-ACLY.
Conclusions
Four key genes were identified based on metabolic characteristic genes. The PI3K/AKT/ACLY signaling pathway may play a significant role in the regulation of metabolism in major depressive disorder (MDD). These findings establish a theoretical foundation and provide valuable references for the study of central metabolism in MDD.
Comparing Discriminatory Behavior Against AI and Humans
Authors: Zhuang Mike , Deschrijver Eliane , Ramsey Richard , Turel Ofir
Published: December 2024

Although discrimination is typically believed to occur from well-defined categories like ethnicity, disability, and sex, studies have found that discrimination persists in minimal conditions lacking such categories. Participants have been found to preferentially allocate resources based on seemingly arbitrary shared characteristics such as dot estimation choices. Here, we use a preregistered experiment (n = 500) to investigate whether humans discriminate in a similar manner when interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) agents that ostensibly made dot estimations. We hypothesized that because humans harbor prejudice against algorithms relative to other humans (otherwise known as algorithm aversion), the strength of discriminatory behavior may be greater against AI than humans. Surprisingly, we found that participants distributed resources in a similar manner, albeit unequally, to both human and AI agents. Specifically, participants favored the other agent when decisions were aligned. Our findings suggest that discriminatory behavior is less influenced by the recipient’s identity and more shaped by choice congruency.
Prediction models and prognostic analysis of immune-related acute kidney injury in lung cancer patients
Authors: Qian Suying , Xu Ningjie , Qu Yihui , Zhu Rongrong , Zhang Minqiao , Chen Kanan , Wang Jing , Lu Xiaoyan , Cai Kedan
Published: December 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are extensively utilized in lung cancer patients, with documented instances of ICIs-associated acute kidney injury (ICIs-AKI). This study aims to explore the incidence rates, clinical features, risk factors, and prognostic outcomes of ICIs-AKI, while developing a model for early recognition of ICIs-AKI.
Methods: The study involved 413 adult lung cancer patients treated with ICIs at Ningbo No.2 Hospital between Sept. 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023. Patients were followed until death or Dec. 31, 2023, and categorized into ICIs-AKI or non-AKI groups. Prediction models for ICIs-AKI were developed using logistic regression and MLP neural networks. Cox proportional-hazards models assessed the association between ICIs-AKI and overall survival.
Results: The study included 381 lung cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment after excluding 32 patients. ICIs-AKI occurred in 13.39% of cases, with a median onset time of [123 (63, 303)] days. Multivariable logistic analysis identified diabetes, proteinuria, extrarenal irAEs, diuretic use, and chemotherapy as significant risk factors (all P<0.05), while higher baseline eGFR levels were protective (P<0.05). Two prediction models were developed: logistic regression (AUC=0.877, sensitivity=0.922, specificity=0.726) and MLP (AUC=0.950, accuracy=0.843, precision=0.847). Survival analysis showed no difference in overall survival between ICIs-AKI and non-AKI groups (HR=1.021, 95% CI=0.629-1.659, P=0.932; adjusted HR=0.950, 95% CI=0.558-1.616, P=0.849). AKI to CKD progression incidence was 58.82%, with no significant difference in overall survival between CKD and non-CKD groups (P=0.157).
Conclusion: This study offers detailed insights into ICIs-AKI, including its rate, onset timing, risk factors, and clinical features. Approximately half of the affected patients experienced spontaneous renal function recovery. Both logistic regression and MLP models effectively predicted ICIs-AKI. Importantly, neither ICIs-AKI incidence nor renal function restoration correlated with patient mortality. These findings improve understanding of ICIs-AKI and underscore the importance of early detection and management strategies.
Assessment of different genotyping markers and algorithms for distinguishing Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence from reinfection in Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa Alex , Golumbeanu Monica , Jones Sam , Cantoreggi Sara L. , Musinguzi Benson , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Bikaitwoha Everd Maniple , Kalyango Joan N , Karamagi Charles , Plucinski Mateusz , Nsobya Samuel L. , Nsanzabana Christian , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline
Published: December 2024

Antimalarial therapeutic efficacy studies are vital for monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial drugs in malaria-endemic regions. The WHO recommends genotyping of polymorphic markers including msp-1, msp-2, and glurp to aid distinguishing recrudescences from reinfections. Recently, WHO proposed replacing glurp with microsatellites (Poly-α, PfPK2, TA1). However, suitable combinations with msp-1 and msp-2 have not been systematically assessed. Additionally, the performance of different algorithms for classifying recrudescence is unclear. This study investigated various microsatellites alongside msp-1 and msp-2 for molecular correction and compared genotyping algorithms across three malaria-endemic areas in Uganda. Microsatellites 313, Poly-α, and 383 exhibited the highest diversity, while PfPK2 and Poly-α revealed elevated multiplicities of infection across all sites. The 3/3 match-counting algorithm classified fewer recrudescences than the ≥ 2/3, and Bayesian algorithms at both ≥ 0.7 and ≥ 0.8 probability cutoffs. The msp-1/msp-2/2490 combination identified more recrudescences using the ≥ 2/3 and 3/3 algorithms in the artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment arm, while msp-1/msp-2/glurp combination identified more cases of recrudescence using the ≥ 2/3 in the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) arm. Microsatellites PfPK2 and Poly-α, potentially sensitive to detecting minority clones, are promising replacements for glurp. Discrepancies in recrudescence classification between match-counting and Bayesian algorithms highlight the need for standardized PCR correction practices.
Recommended National diagnostic reference levels for adult abdominopelvic computed tomography examinations in Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Solomon , Teferi Seife , Nguse Teklehaimanot Mezgebe , Zewdeneh Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background
Computed Tomography plays a crucial role for diagnostic purpose; however, delivering minimum radiation dose to patients is the common challenge.
Objective
The main objective of this study was to establish abdominopelvic national diagnostic reference levels (NDRL) in Ethiopia .
METHODS
A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed in 23 health facilities. A total of 800 abdominopelvic CT scans of patients were evaluated from January, 2023 to March, 2024. Scan parameters, patient profile and CT dose indicators were collected using a structured data collection format. Third quartile median values of computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS software version 26. Finally, the results were compared with national, regional, and international DRL.
Result
The third quartile values obtained from the median values of DLP and CTDIvol that were used as NDRL were 1387 mGy. cm and 10.5 mGy, respectively .
Conclusion
The proposed NDRL of CTDIvol is less than all African and non-African countries, while that of DLP values were intermediate and substantially higher than similar African and non-African studies respectively.
The value of nomogram analysis in predicting pulmonary metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Long Changyou , Danzeng Yeang , Tian Pengqi , Xing Yujie , Zhang Xueqian , Bao Haihua
Published: December 2024

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a rare zoonotic parasitic disease that closely resembles malignant tumors in both behavior and appearance. It can cause infiltration of affected organs and chronic liver damage. In advanced stages, it may metastasize or invade surrounding organs, resembling liver cancer, and is clinically referred to as "parasitic cancer." However, the prognosis of HAE with pulmonary metastasis is poor, and no reliable method currently exists to predict lung metastasis. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a nomogram model, based on CT and MRI imaging features in conjunction with clinical indicators, for predicting pulmonary metastasis in HAE. A retrospective analysis was conducted using imaging and clinical data from 297 patients diagnosed with HAE. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent factors associated with pulmonary metastasis, including lesion size, the presence of metastasis to other organs, cavitary lesions, and enhancement characteristics. The nomogram, developed using these variables, demonstrated strong predictive performance in both the training and validation cohorts. This model provides an effective tool for predicting the risk of pulmonary metastasis, offering early insights into disease progression and assisting clinicians in formulating personalized treatment and prognostic plans.
Advancing the 3D printing of magnetoactive epoxy shape memory composites: correlating the rheology, printability, and shape fidelity
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Hossein , Ounaies Zoubeida
Published: December 2024

shape memory polymers (SMPs) stand out as versatile candidates possessing actuation, shape memory effect, and sensing capabilities. This study investigates the impact of iron oxide (Fe3O4) functionalization by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on the magnetic and rheological properties of SMP composites. Optical microscopy shows improved Fe3O4 particle dispersion and distribution due to PEG coating. Magnetic characterization using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) reveals enhanced mass magnetization of the functionalized Fe3O4-loaded SMP composites. By replacing unfunctionalized Fe3O4 with Fe3O4_PEG20, the saturation magnetization of SMP composites improved by 19%. Rheological tests reveal that fumed silica has a major effect on the shear thinning behavior of SMP dispersions. Also, PEG functionalized dispersions exhibit enhanced shear thinning behavior and shape fidelity compared to unfunctionalized dispersions. Shape fidelity test revealed the reduction of die-swell of SMP dispersions loaded with Fe3O4_PEG30 and improved percent deformation from 439–5% for SMP(93.39)_Silica(4.11)_Fe3O4(2.5) and SMP(83.81)_Silica(3.69)_Fe3O4(12.5)_PEG30, respectively. The improved rheological behavior and shape fidelity make PEG-functionalized SMP composites promising candidates for 3D printing and other processing methods. These findings contribute to the development of advanced stimuli-responsive materials with tunable properties for various applications, including soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
Evaluation of a Training Program for Healthcare Professionals Supporting Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia: A Pre-Post Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Crutzen Coline , Deprez Laura , Adam Stéphane
Published: December 2024

Background
Despite their proven effectiveness, support interventions for caregivers of people with neurodegenerative diseases struggle to be sustainably implemented. In this context, the “Caregivers /Network-Service” (“Aidants Proches / Réseau-Service”) project (Interreg) aimed to create a network of professionals specialized in supporting family caregivers through training programs. The goal of this study was to determine the overall impact of the proposed training.
Methods
A total of 217 healthcare professionals participated in the training, and 108 agreed to take part in the study. Based on the Kirkpatrick-Barr framework (Barr et al., 2000) and the study by Parmar et al. (2022), the training’s outcomes were evaluated at four levels: (1) professionals’ reactions to the training, (2) changes in their learning (knowledge and skills), (3) changes in their practices, (4A) organizational changes, and (4B) clinical changes. For the latter level, a multiple case study was conducted with caregivers receiving individualized support from trained professionals.
Results
The training was highly appreciated and improved the knowledge, skills, and practices of the professionals. It also promoted organizational changes, such as the implementation of new support services for caregivers. The individualized support provided by the trained professionals appeared to have positive clinical effects on caregivers, who also recommended the service.
Conclusion
Given the demonstrated effectiveness of these support services, as highlighted by our research, and in light of the lack of initiatives in the field, we strongly recommend the implementation of such training programs for healthcare professionals.
Effects of low-dose metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets on patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing circumferential pulmonaryvein isolation:a retrospective study
Authors: Ding Lijiang , Zhang Jianming , Li Binglei , Jin Huayong
Published: December 2024

Objective
The atria, particularly those near the pulmonary vein ostium,have numerous autonomic neural plexuses. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) can reduce heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Studies have suggested that continuing antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) for 1-year post-CPVI can reduce the recurrence of atrial arrhythmias within the year. However, the arrhythmogenic risk associated with AADs is notable. Currently, there is a shortage of adequate studies on the effectiveness and safety of using AADs following CPVI. This study evaluated the impact of low-dose sustained-release metoprolol succinate on Holter in individuals with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after CPVI.
Methods
P with PAF who underwent initialCPVI at Shaoxing People’s Hospital between September 2022 and January 2024 were included. Patients underwent 24-h Holter monitoring before surgery and at 1 − 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. The participantswere separated into medication and non-medication groups according to their heart rate, blood pressure, and clinical experience.
Results
A total of 67 patients completed the 24-h Holter monitoring, with 33 receiving low-dose metoprolol succinate (medication group) and 34 not receiving AAD (non-medication group). No significant differences were observed in HRV parameters and arrhythmia data between the two groups or across the different time points.
Conclusion
Oral low-dose sustained-release metoprolol succinate tablets had no significant short-term effects on HRV parameters or arrhythmia data in patients with PAF post-CPVI. CPVI can cause autonomic dysfunction, and HRV parameters were gradually restored to normal 3-months post-surgery.
Does a vestibular incision improve tunnel technique outcomes? A randomized clinical trial of the treatment of recession type 1 single gingival recessions
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Fan Keang , Xie Ying , Zhou Shuangying , Zhong Jinsheng , Ouyang Xiangying
Published: December 2024

Background
To compare the clinical, esthetic, and patient-reported outcomes of the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique and the modified tunnel (mTunnel) technique, both combined with connective tissue grafts (CTGs), for treating recession type 1 (RT1) single gingival recessions.
Methods
A total of 24 patients with single non-molar RT1 recessions were randomly assigned to the VISTA + CTG or the mTunnel + CTG group. A blinded examiner assessed the recession reduction (RecRed), mean root coverage (MRC), complete root coverage (CRC), keratinized tissue width, patient-reported outcomes, and root coverage esthetic score (RES).
Results
At 12 months, both groups achieved significant recession reduction. However, there were no significant differences in RecRed and MRC between the groups (VISTA: 2.38 ± 0.96 mm and 90.28 ± 18.06%, mTunnel: 2.08 ± 1.10 mm and 81.25 ± 29.16%; P = 1 and P = 0.834, respectively). The CRC was significantly higher in the VISTA group (VISTA: 75%, mTunnel: 50%; P < 0.001). Both groups obtained high RES scores (VISTA: 8.75 ± 1.14, mTunnel: 7.75 ± 2.99, P = 0.786), but the mTunnel group demonstrated significantly less scar formation (P = 0.014).
Conclusions
Both procedures effectively reduced recession in single RT1 recessions at 12-months. The VISTA technique, however, showed superior CRC results, though with increased scar formation at the vertical incision site.
Trial registration:
The trial had been registered prospectively at http://www.chictr.org.cnon19/12/2015 (Registration number: ChiCTR-INR-16007845), and structured according to the CONSORT statement.