bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales a través del patrimonio, videojuegos y emociones. Estudio de caso en un IES de Huelva (España)
Authors: Jiménez-Palacios Rocío , Cuenca López José María
Published: November 2021

La educación patrimonial a menudo se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias metodológicas, determinando la realización de buenas prácticas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este estudio se centra en analizar cómo influye el uso de un videojuego en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales a través del patrimonio, atendiendo a las emociones que se generan en el aula. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa centrada en un estudio de caso donde han participado 31 alumnos/as de 1.º de ESO, la docente habitual y los investigadores. Los datos se han extraído de diversos instrumentos como un cuestionario, el diario de la docente o la producción de aula, entre otros que, posteriormente, han sido analizados a través de una tabla de categorías. Los resultados aportados denotan la importancia que tienen las emociones y la alteración de las metodologías habituales, mostrando una postura muy positiva en el aprendizaje.

Heritage education has often been related to the development of new methodological strategies, determining the realization of good practices in the teaching and learning process. This research focuses on analyzing how the use of a video game influences the teaching and learning of Social Sciences through heritage, taking into account the emotions that are generated in the classroom. 31 students of 1st year of ESO, the regular teacher and the researchers have participated in this case study. The data have been extracted from various instruments such as the questionnaire, the teacher's diary or the classroom production itself, among others, which have subsequently been analyzed through a table of categories. The results provided denote the importance of emotions and the alteration of the usual classroom methodologies, showing a very positive position in the learning of the students.
Haciendo historia para el bien común. Entrevista a Linda S. Levstik
Authors: Arias Ferrer Laura , Egea Vivancos Alejandro
Published: November 2021

Esta entrevista a Linda S. Levstik se convierte en un repaso a cómo han cambiado los modos de enseñar historia y las ciencias sociales en las últimas cuatro décadas. La Dra. Levstik ha sido una de las figuras claves en el área de didáctica de la historia a nivel internacional a lo largo de los últimos decenios. Sus libros Doing History y Teaching History for the Common God se han convertido en lectura obligada tanto en EE. UU. como en el resto del mundo. Desde comienzos de los años 80 del siglo XX y gracias a la influencia de varios de sus maestros abrió una vía de innovación en la manera de entender la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente en los más pequeños. A lo largo de las preguntas que forman el cuestionario, la entrevistada deja una perfecta síntesis de lo que ha sido su manera de entender esta disciplina.

This interview with Linda S. Levstik serves as a review of the evolution of the history and social sciences teaching approaches during the last four decades. Dr. Levstik is one of the key international figures in the area of history teaching throughout the last decades. Her books Doing History and Teaching History for the Common Good have become required reading not only in the US but also in the rest of the world. Since the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, and thanks to the influence of several of her teachers, she opened a path of innovative approaches in history teaching, with a special focus on the youngest. Throughout the questionnaire, the interviewee depicts a perfect synthesis of her career and her way of understanding this discipline throughout time.
Development of a Multi-agent System for Supply Chain Management Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Plinere Darja
Published: November 2021

The aim of the doctoral thesis is to develop an approach to the multi-agent system development that ensures the improvement of supply chain management efficiency. The developed approach allows creating a multi-agent system that can be used for various supply chain participants, as it reviews main supply chain processes and tasks to be solved. Various inventory management methods were used in the developed multi-agent system: forecasting algorithms, ABC analysis, and inventory replenishment point determination. Production scheduling and rescheduling were also used in the multi-agent system to reduce the total production time.
Quality of life of high school adolescents according to parental level of education
Authors: Martins Junior Daniel , Barbosa Diego Grasel , Ferrari Junior Geraldo José , Silva Raísa Carvalho da , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes
Published: November 2021

Introduction: During adolescence, period marked by the accelerated body development, several factors can influence the quality of life. Objective: To identify the correlation between adolescents´ quality of life and their parents' level of education. Method: Seven hundred and seventy-three students, between the age of 14 and 19, from the city of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil, participated in the survey in a convenience sample by conglomerates. Sociodemographic data and parents’ level of education were collected, in addition to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ assessment, version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). Results: Children of mothers with college degree showed more positive quality of life in the Physical (p=0.010), School (p=0.014) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002) dimensions, compared to the children of mothers with elementary school. In the Social dimension, there was a difference between higher education and other levels of education. Children of fathers with college degree showed higher positive perception of quality of life in the Physical dimension (p=0.008), compared to other levels of education. In the School dimension, children had a higher perception (p=0.036) compared to the peers of parents with complete elementary school. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the level of education of parents in Physical (p=0.002 father; p=0.003 mother), School (p=0.004 father; p=0.028 mother) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002 father; p=0.002 mother) dimensions. Conclusion: This study revealed the relationship between a better quality of life for the adolescents studied with a higher level of education of their parents.
Adherence of community health workers to hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Pinto Paula Kuster , Amorim Sara dos Santos , Rocha Tatiane Silva , Feriane Lorena Rabelo , Almeida Adauto Vieira de , Capellini Verena Kise , Paro Flávia Marini
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination for health-care workers is essential for World Health Organization’s goals achievement of viral hepatitis (VH) elimination. However, recent studies showed low vaccination adherence by these professionals and lack of knowledge about HB vaccination adherence of community health workers (CHW). Objective: To identify the adherence of CHW to HB vaccination; to determine the causes of non-adherence; to investigate whether the prevalence of vaccination is different among surveyed towns, and to verify whether years practiced as CHW have any association with vaccination adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study included five towns (T) of a Brazilian state. Data were collected at VH educational meetings, in which CHW answered a questionnaire. The proportions Z-test and the likelihood ratio test were used for statistical analysis. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The sample included 516 CHW. Most CHW (86.8%) reported to have taken the vaccine, but only 59.7% affirmed having taken all doses, and 28.1% correctly answered the number of doses. 24.4% of CHW pointed the unknowing about HB vaccine importance as the main reason for non-adherence. T4 and T5 showed higher vaccination prevalence than T2 and T1. Vaccination adherence was higher among individuals with more years working as CHW. Conclusion: CHW demonstrated low adherence to HB vaccination and pointed the lack of knowledge about HB vaccine importance as the main reason for that. There were differences in vaccination prevalence among the towns and adherence was positively associated with professional experience.
Correlation between quality of life and sleep quality of military firefighters
Authors: Morais Karen Cristiane Pereira de , Silva Rosângela Marion da , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Camponogara Silvamar , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Tavares Juliana Petri
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Among the professions that are impacted by the work context, the military firefighter is mentioned, who carries out activities with danger, physical and emotional exhaustion, which can have an impact on quality of life. Objective: To analyze the relation between quality of sleep and quality of life of Brazilian Military Firefighters. Methods: Research with a quantitative, transversal, correlational and analytical approach, carried out with 129 military firefighters working in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, that had been performing operational and administrative assistance for more than six months. Questionnaires containing socio-occupational and lifestyle data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the World Health Organization Quality of Life to assess quality of life were used. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Results: The analysis of quality of life shows a higher average in the physical domain (77.52), a direct correlation between the physical domain and the other quality of life domains, and inverse correlations between global sleep quality and the domains of quality of life. Regarding sleep quality, a higher percentage of poor classification (71.3%) is observed in military firefighters. Conclusion: There was a predominance of workers with poor sleep quality and good perception of general quality of life. An inverse correlation was identified between sleep quality and the domains of quality of life. When comparing quality of life with sleep quality domains, a significant difference was identified.
A genetic screen in macrophages identifies new regulators of IFNγ-inducible MHCII that contribute to T cell activation
Authors: Kiritsy Michael C , Ankley Laurisa M , Trombley Justin , Huizinga Gabrielle P , Lord Audrey E , Orning Pontus , Elling Roland , Fitzgerald Katherine A , Olive Andrew J
Published: November 2021

Cytokine-mediated activation of host immunity is central to the control of pathogens. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key cytokine in protective immunity that induces major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHCII) to amplify CD4+T cell activation and effector function. Despite its central role, the dynamic regulation of IFNγ-induced MHCII is not well understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in murine macrophages, we identified genes that control MHCII surface expression. Mechanistic studies uncovered two parallel pathways of IFNγ-mediated MHCII control that require the multifunctional glycogen synthase kinase three beta (GSK3β) or the mediator complex subunit 16 (MED16). Both pathways control distinct aspects of the IFNγ response and are necessary for IFNγ-mediated induction of the MHCII transactivatorCiita, MHCII expression, and CD4+T cell activation. Our results define previously unappreciated regulation of MHCII expression that is required to control CD4+T cell responses.
Fluidics system for resolving concentration-dependent effects of dissolved gases on tissue metabolism
Authors: Kamat Varun , Robbings Brian M , Jung Seung-Ryoung , Kelly John , Hurley James B , Bube Kenneth P , Sweet Ian R
Published: November 2021

Oxygen (O2) and other dissolved gases such as the gasotransmitters H2S, CO, and NO affect cell metabolism and function. To evaluate effects of dissolved gases on processes in tissue, we developed a fluidics system that controls dissolved gases while simultaneously measuring parameters of electron transport, metabolism, and secretory function. We use pancreatic islets, retina, and liver from rodents to highlight its ability to assess effects of O2 and H2S. Protocols aimed at emulating hypoxia–reperfusion conditions resolved a previously unrecognized transient spike in O2 consumption rate (OCR) following replenishment of O2, and tissue-specific recovery of OCR following hypoxia. The system revealed both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of H2S on insulin secretion rate from isolated islets. The unique ability of this new system to quantify metabolic state and cell function in response to precise changes in dissolved gases provides a powerful platform for cell physiologists to study a wide range of disease states.
A WDR35-dependent coat protein complex transports ciliary membrane cargo vesicles to cilia
Authors: Quidwai Tooba , Wang Jiaolong , Hall Emma A , Petriman Narcis A , Leng Weihua , Kiesel Petra , Wells Jonathan N , Murphy Laura C , Keighren Margaret A , Marsh Joseph A , Lorentzen Esben , Pigino Gaia , Mill Pleasantine
Published: November 2021

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a highly conserved mechanism for motor-driven transport of cargo within cilia, but how this cargo is selectively transported to cilia is unclear. WDR35/IFT121 is a component of the IFT-A complex best known for its role in ciliary retrograde transport. In the absence of WDR35, small mutant cilia form but fail to enrich in diverse classes of ciliary membrane proteins. In Wdr35 mouse mutants, the non-core IFT-A components are degraded and core components accumulate at the ciliary base. We reveal deep sequence homology of WDR35 and other IFT-A subunits to α and ß′ COPI coatomer subunits and demonstrate an accumulation of ‘coat-less’ vesicles that fail to fuse with Wdr35 mutant cilia. We determine that recombinant non-core IFT-As can bind directly to lipids and provide the first in situ evidence of a novel coat function for WDR35, likely with other IFT-A proteins, in delivering ciliary membrane cargo necessary for cilia elongation.
Local chromatin fiber folding represses transcription and loop extrusion in quiescent cells
Authors: Swygert Sarah G , Lin Dejun , Portillo-Ledesma Stephanie , Lin Po-Yen , Hunt Dakota R , Kao Cheng-Fu , Schlick Tamar , Noble William S , Tsukiyama Toshio
Published: November 2021

A longstanding hypothesis is that chromatin fiber folding mediated by interactions between nearby nucleosomes represses transcription. However, it has been difficult to determine the relationship between local chromatin fiber compaction and transcription in cells. Further, global changes in fiber diameters have not been observed, even between interphase and mitotic chromosomes. We show that an increase in the range of local inter-nucleosomal contacts in quiescent yeast drives the compaction of chromatin fibers genome-wide. Unlike actively dividing cells, inter-nucleosomal interactions in quiescent cells require a basic patch in the histone H4 tail. This quiescence-specific fiber folding globally represses transcription and inhibits chromatin loop extrusion by condensin. These results reveal that global changes in chromatin fiber compaction can occur during cell state transitions, and establish physiological roles for local chromatin fiber folding in regulating transcription and chromatin domain formation.
Molecular features underlying differential SHP1/SHP2 binding of immune checkpoint receptors
Authors: Xu Xiaozheng , Masubuchi Takeya , Cai Qixu , Zhao Yunlong , Hui Enfu
Published: November 2021

A large number of inhibitory receptors recruit SHP1 and/or SHP2, tandem-SH2-containing phosphatases through phosphotyrosine-based motifs immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM). Despite the similarity, these receptors exhibit differential effector binding specificities, as exemplified by the immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and BTLA, which preferentially recruit SHP2 and SHP1, respectively. The molecular basis by which structurally similar receptors discriminate SHP1 and SHP2 is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that human PD-1 and BTLA optimally bind to SHP1 and SHP2 via a bivalent, parallel mode that involves both SH2 domains of SHP1 or SHP2. PD-1 mainly uses its ITSM to prefer SHP2 over SHP1 via their C-terminal SH2 domains (cSH2): swapping SHP1-cSH2 with SHP2-cSH2 enabled PD-1:SHP1 association in T cells. In contrast, BTLA primarily utilizes its ITIM to prefer SHP1 over SHP2 via their N-terminal SH2 domains (nSH2). The ITIM of PD-1, however, appeared to be de-emphasized due to a glycine at pY+1 position. Substitution of this glycine with alanine, a residue conserved in BTLA and several SHP1-recruiting receptors, was sufficient to induce PD-1:SHP1 interaction in T cells. Finally, structural simulation and mutagenesis screening showed that SHP1 recruitment activity exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on the molecular volume of the pY+1 residue of ITIM. Collectively, we provide a molecular interpretation of the SHP1/SHP2-binding specificities of PD-1 and BTLA, with implications for the mechanisms of a large family of therapeutically relevant receptors.
Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library
Authors: Jażdżewska Anna Maria , Tandberg Anne Helene S. , Horton Tammy , Brix Saskia
Published: November 2021

In the age of global climate change and biodiversity loss there is an urgent need to provide effective and robust tools for diversity monitoring. One of the promising techniques for species identification is the use of DNA barcoding, that in Metazoa utilizes the so called ‘gold-standard’ gene of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). However, the success of this method relies on the existence of trustworthy barcode libraries of the species. The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) aims to provide barcodes for all existing organisms, and is complemented by the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system serving as a tool for potential species recognition. Here we provide an analysis of all public COI sequences available in BOLD of the diverse and ubiquitous crustacean order Amphipoda, to identify the barcode library gaps and provide recommendations for future barcoding studies. Our gap analysis of 25,702 records has shown that although 3,835 BINs (indicating putative species) were recognised by BOLD, only 10% of known amphipod species are represented by barcodes. We have identified almost equal contribution of both records (sequences) and BINs associated with freshwater and with marine realms. Three quarters of records have a complete species-level identification provided, while BINs have just 50%. Large disproportions between identification levels of BINs coming from freshwaters and the marine environment were observed, with three quarters of the former possessing a species name, and less than 40% for the latter. Moreover, the majority of BINs are represented by a very low number of sequences rendering them unreliable according to the quality control system. The geographical coverage is poor with vast areas of Africa, South America and the open ocean acting as “white gaps”. Several, of the most species rich and highly abundant families of Amphipoda (e.g., Phoxocephalidae, Ampeliscidae, Caprellidae), have very poor representation in the BOLD barcode library. As a result of our study we recommend stronger effort in identification of already recognised BINs, prioritising the studies of families that are known to be important and abundant components of particular communities, and targeted sampling programs for taxa coming from geographical regions with the least knowledge.
PERAN GURU KRISTEN UNTUK MENOLONG MURID SD KORBAN PERUNDUNGAN MELALUI CERITA VIDEO ANIMASI
Authors: Editor Aletheia , Sutaji Tania Gunawan , Yoedo Yuli Christiana
Published: November 2021

Perundungan merupakan suatu kondisi dimana terjadinya penyalahgunaan kekuatan maupun kekusasaan yang dilakukan seseorang maupun kelompok. Perilaku perundungan akan sangat berbahaya apabila tidak segera diatasi. Dampaknya dapat mempengaruhi gambar diri seseorang menjadi buruk. Ketika seseorang mengalami perundungan, harus segera dibantu untuk pemulihan gambar dirinya. Adapun informan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Kristen yang pernah menolong murid SD korban perundungan. Peranan guru Kristen sangat diperlukan untuk menolong murid SD korban perundungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan fasilitas guru Kristen untuk menolong murid SD korban perundungan melalui cerita video animasi.
Gravitational self-regularization of quantum fields at Planck scales
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: November 2021

Loop diagrams with near-Planck energies create a strong external gravitational field, which slows down local processes for distant observers up to their freezing. Since Planck length is the gravitational radius of the system of quanta, the events of this and smaller scale cannot occur in finite world time t and do not contribute to the S-matrix. Consequently, gravitational time dilation, leading to a strong redshift of local frequencies, provides gravitational self-regularization of the loop diagrams. The loop corrections without gravity effects, cut off at Planck energy, give upper bounds for the corrections with gravity effects and this fact leads to simple rules of gravitational regularization. The corrections with quanta of gauge fields and gravitons are small, and the perturbation theory series converge. At pre-Planck energies, one-loop graviton contributions are sufficient, since the multi-loop ones are damped by high degrees of the relation “energy/Planck energy”. Scalar field with power-law growing corrections should be effective field. Non-linearity of fields enhances gravity and get faster freezing, which suppresses the high energy terms. Nonrenormalizable models are finite, but become consistent only when their loop corrections remain small on Planck scale and this occurs in quantum gravity. Gravitationally regularized Extended Standard Model (ESM), including gravitons and Standard Model with effective scalars, is renormalizable and finite, which simplifies its further generalization.
Highly Stiff and Stretchable DNA Liquid Crystalline Organogels with Super Plasticity, Ultrafast Self‐Healing, and Magnetic Response Behaviors
Authors: Meng Zhuojun , Liu Qing , Zhang Yi , Sun Jing , Yang Chenjing , Li Hongyan , Loznik Mark , Göstl Robert , Chen Dong , Wang Fan , Clark Noel A. , Zhang Hongjie , Herrmann Andreas , Liu Kai
Published: November 2021

DNA‐based gels are attractive materials as they allow intuitive rational design, respond to external physicochemical stimuli, and show great potential for biomedical applications. However, their relatively poor mechanical properties currently limit their technological application considerably as the latter requires mechanical integrity and tunability. With this work, a DNA organogel is reported that gels through supramolecular interactions, which induce mesophase ordering, and that exhibits exceptional stretchability, deformability, plasticity, and biocompatibility. Moreover, the nature of the supramolecular bond enables complete self‐healing within 3 s. Most importantly, the DNA‐based liquid crystalline organogels exhibit impressive ultimate tensile strengths above 1 MPa, stiffness higher than 20 MPa, and toughness up to 18 MJ m−3, rendering these materials the strongest among reported DNA networks. In addition, the facile access is demonstrated to composite DNA materials by blending magnetic nanoparticles with the organogel matrix giving access to magnetic field induced actuation. It is believed that these findings contribute significantly to the advancement of DNA gels for their use in smart materials and biomedical applications.
One‐pot reduction‐hydrophobization of heterogenized platinum with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane
Authors: Stoica Alexandru‐Constantin , Damoc Madalin , Baltag Laurentiu , Macsim Ana‐Maria , Nicolescu Alina , Dinu Maria Valentina , Ionita Gheorghe , Cazacu Maria
Published: November 2021

An original approach for the design of hydrophobized heterogeneous platinum‐based catalytic systems is reported here. Heterogenization was performed by depositing the platinum precursor (H2PtCl6) on macroporous styrene‐divinylbenzene (SDVB) beads with a high surface area, ∼330 m2 g−1, as determined by N2 sorption data, followed by treating with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as Pt(IV) reducing agent without the need of special conditions. Simultaneously, the coupling by SiOSi bonds of the TMDS oxidation or hydrolysis intermediates endowed the SDVB‐Pt systems with an enhanced hydrophobicity (up to 10 times higher than that of SDVB support). In addition, to obtain an optimum catalytic system, which stabilize the supported platinium against leaching, several mixtures of TMDS with other methylsiloxane precursors, namely, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), α,ω‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane‐H‐methylsiloxane) (PDMHS), and α,ω‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane‐co‐vinylmethylsiloxane) (PDMVS), have been systematically investigated. The reduction of platinum, visible by an instant change in the color from yellow to black, was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, while its total content in the samples was determined quantitatively by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The obtained systems have been preliminarily assessed for catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of 1,3‐bis(vinyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and allyl alcohol with TMDS, and 1‐hexene with trimethoxysilane, as model reactions. The results indicate the high suitability of these systems as catalysts for the selective anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes, as well as for the very fast oxidation‐condensation homocoupling of H‐silanes in presence of a green oxidation agent (air), under mild conditions, with the release of hydrogen and its in situ addition to the double bond.
Exploring the Role of Surface States in Emissive Carbon Nanodots: Analysis at Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Kim Dongseok , Calabro Rosemary L. , Masud Abdullah A. , Kothalawala Nadeesha L. , Gu Minsu , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Son Won‐Joon , Hwang Kyu Young , Choi Hyeonho , Richards Christopher I. , Kim Doo Young , Kim Byeong‐Su
Published: November 2021

Fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) have been highlighted as promising semiconducting materials due to their outstanding chemical and optical properties. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of CDs has impeded a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind their photophysical properties. In this study, as‐prepared CDs are fractionated via chromatography to reduce their structural and chemical heterogeneity and analyzed through ensemble and single‐particle spectroscopies. Many single particles reveal fluorescence intensity fluctuations between two or more discrete levels with bi‐exponential decays. While the intrinsic τ1 components are uniform among single particles, the τ2 components from molecule‐like emissions spans a wider range of lifetimes, reflecting the inhomogeneity of the surface states. Furthermore, it is concluded that the relative population and chemical states of surface functional groups in CDs have a significant impact on emissive states, brightness, blinking, stability, and lifetime distribution of photoluminescence.
Chemo‐Mechanical Model of SEI Growth on Silicon Electrode Particles**
Authors: von Kolzenberg Lars , Latz Arnulf , Horstmann Birger
Published: November 2021

Silicon anodes promise high energy densities of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, but suffer from shorter cycle life. The accelerated capacity fade stems from the repeated fracture and healing of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the silicon surface. This interplay of chemical and mechanical effects in SEI on silicon electrodes causes a complex aging behavior. However, so far, no model mechanistically captures the interrelation between mechanical SEI deterioration and accelerated SEI growth. In this article, we present a thermodynamically consistent continuum model of an electrode particle surrounded by an SEI layer. The silicon particle model consistently couples chemical reactions, physical transport, and elastic deformation. The SEI model comprises elastic and plastic deformation, fracture, and growth. Capacity fade measurements on graphite anodes and in‐situ mechanical SEI measurements on lithium thin films provide parametrization for our model. For the first time, we model the influence of cycling rate on the long‐term mechanical SEI deterioration and regrowth. Our model predicts the experimentally observed transition in time dependence from square‐root‐of‐time growth during battery storage to linear‐in‐time growth during continued cycling. Thereby our model unravels the mechanistic dependence of battery aging on operating conditions and supports the efforts to prolong the battery life of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes induce ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells CD133+ by stimulation of Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Niazi Vahid , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Verdi Javad , Jeibouei Shabnam , Karami Farshid , Pourhadi Masoumeh , Ahani Milad , Atarodi Kamran , Soleimani Masoud , Zali Hakimeh , Zomorrod Mina Soufi
Published: November 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial cells that play an essential role in the maintenance, self‐renewal, and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the bone marrow niche. It has been proven that MSCs can be used as a feeder layer for the proliferation of HSCs to enhance the number of HPCs and HSCs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSC‐derived exosome (MSC‐DE) has critical roles in different biological processes in bone marrow (BM). In the current research, we examined the importance of hypoxia‐preconditioned MSC‐derived exosomes (HP‐MSC‐DE) and normoxia‐preconditioned MSC‐derived exosomes (NP‐MSC‐DE) in the self‐renewal and long‐term clonogenic potential of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB‐HSCs). We showed that the secretion rate and component of the exosome (EXO) were changed in HP‐MSC‐DE compared to NP‐MSC‐DE. Notably, the Jagged‐1 (Notch ligand) content of EXO was much more plentiful in HP‐MSC‐DE compared to NP‐MSC‐DE. The addition of HP‐MSC‐DE enriched by Jagged‐1 to the co‐culture system stimulates the Notch pathway on the membrane of UCB‐HSCs CD133+ and enhances proliferation. HP‐MSC‐DE induction using an anti‐Jagged‐1 antibody suppresses all biological functions of the Jagged‐1 protein. Importantly, HP‐MSC‐DE containing Jagged‐1 could change the biology of HSCs CD133+ and increase the self‐renewal capacity, quiescence, and clonogenic potential of CD133+ cells. Moreover, they support generating a large number of primitive cells. Our study signified the importance of HP‐MSC‐DE in the proliferation of UCB‐HSCs CD133+, which manifested therapeutic applications of EXO in the enhanced number of HSCs and subsequently alleviated bone marrow transplantation.
An Alternative Route to Complex Allenes or Cyclooctatrienes via a Suzuki Cyclocarbopalladation Cascade
Authors: Flores Océane , Locquet Pierre , Suffert Jean
Published: November 2021

The 4‐exo‐dig cyclocarbopalladation of vinyl bromides substituted with a triple or double bond resulted in impressive cascade reactions leading to different compounds under Suzuki cross‐coupling conditions upon a slight modification of the starting material. When the starting compound carries a triple bond, a single cascade occurs providing a structure containing an allene, a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane, and a cyclobutene with complete stereoselectivity. When the related starting material possessing a double bond is reacted under the same conditions in the presence of various vinyl boronic esters or acids, an efficient 8π‐electrocyclization provides tricyclic systems comprised of a cyclobutene unit, as well as a cyclooctatriene. Five carbons of the latter can be selectively decorated with different substituents depending on the choice of the starting material and the boronic coupling partner.
A Gaussian process‐based approach toward credit risk modeling using stationary activations
Authors: Mahajan Shubham , Nayyar Anand , Raina Akshay , Singh Samreen J. , Vashishtha Ashutosh , Pandit Amit Kant
Published: November 2021

The task of predicting the risk of defaulting of a lender using tools in the domain of AI is an emerging one and in growing demand, given the revolutionary potential of AI. Various attributes like income, properties acquired, educational status, and many other socioeconomic factors can be used to train a model to predict the possibilities of nonrepayment of a loan or its chances. Most of the techniques and algorithms used in this regard previously do not submit any attention to the uncertainty in predictions for out of distribution (OOD) in a dataset, which contributes to overfitting, leading to relatively lower accuracy for predicting these data points. Specifically, for credit risk classification, this is a serious concern, given the structure of the available datasets and the trend they follow. With a focus on this issue, we propose a robust and better methodology that uses a recent and efficient family of nonlinear neural network activation functions, which mimics the properties induced by the widely‐used Matérn family of kernels in Gaussian process (GP) models. We tested the classification performance metrics on three openly available datasets after prior preprocessing. We achieved a high mean classification accuracy of 87.4% and a lower mean negative log predictive density loss of 0.405.
Combination of greedy and compass approaches for efficient multipath geographic routing in wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Chikh Asma , Lehsaini Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Several geographic routing protocols have been proposed for data transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), in which forwarding decisions are made locally based on one‐hop neighborhood information of each sensor node. These routing protocols involve one of two routing strategies: distance‐based strategy (greedy) which selects the closest neighbor from the base station as next‐hop or direction‐based strategy (compass) that chooses the neighbor with the smallest angle deviation toward the base station as next‐hop. This article proposes a multipath geographic routing protocol for WMSNs that combines the two routing strategies while taking advantage of their benefits, called greedy‐compass geographic multipath routing (GCGM) protocol. In GCGM, for the selection of a neighbor as next‐hop, a weighting coefficient is associated to each of the two strategies. We performed extensive simulations using OMNeT++ simulator with different scenarios to illustrate the performance of our proposal with our proposed weight values and with various weight values. Simulation results showed that our proposal with the proposed weight values provides better performance compared to GCGM with fixed weight values in terms of several performance criteria. We also compared GCGM with other routing protocols. Simulation results showed that GCGM provides better performance compared to TIGMR, LQEAR, and AGEM.
SMYD2‐mediated TRAF2 methylation promotes the NF‐κB signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Wu Weijun , Wang Jinghuan , Xiao Chenxi , Su Zhenghua , Su Haibi , Zhong Wen , Mao Jianchun , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: November 2021

Background

The methylation of lysine residues has been involved in the multiple biological and diseases processes. Recently, some particular non‐histone proteins have been elucidated to be methylated by SMYD2, a SET and MYND domain protein with lysine methyltransferase activity.

Methods

SMYD2 was evaluated in synovial tissue and cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients. We confirmed TRAF2 could be methylated by SMYD2 using Mass spectrometry, pull‐down, immunoprecipitation, methyltransferase assay, ubiquitination assay, luciferase reporter assays, and western blot analyses. Using loss‐ and gain‐of function studies, we explored the biological functions of SMYD2 in vitro and in vivo. Using acute and chronic inflammation with different mice models to determine the impact of SMYD2.

Results

Here, we first time confirmed that the cytoplasmic protein TRAF2 as the kernel node for NF‐κB signaling pathway could be methylated by SMYD2. SMYD2‐mediated TRAF2 methylation contributed to the durative sensitization of NF‐κB signaling transduction through restraining its own proteolysis and enhancing the activity. In addition, we found knocking down of SMYD2 has different degrees of mitigation in acute and chronic inflammation mice models. Furthermore, as the lysine‐specific demethylase, LSD1 could resist methylation on TRAF2 induced by SMYD2.

Conclusions

Our data uncovered an unprecedented cytoplasmic protein network that employed methylation of TRAF2 for the maintenance of NF‐κB activation during inflammatory diseases.
Drones, automatic counting tools, and artificial neural networks in wildlife population censusing
Authors: Marchowski Dominik
Published: November 2021

The use of a drone to count the flock sizes of 33 species of waterbirds during the breeding and non‐breeding periods was investigated.

In 96% of 343 cases, drone counting was successful. 18.8% of non‐breeding birds and 3.6% of breeding birds exhibited adverse reactions: the former birds were flushed, whereas the latter attempted to attack the drone.

The automatic counting of birds was best done with ImageJ/Fiji microbiology software – the average counting rate was 100 birds in 64 s.

Machine learning using neural network algorithms proved to be an effective and quick way of counting birds – 100 birds in 7 s. However, the preparation of images and machine learning time is time‐consuming, so this method is recommended only for large data sets and large bird assemblages.

The responsible study of wildlife using a drone should only be carried out by persons experienced in the biology and behavior of the target animals.
Dataset complexity impacts both MOTU delimitation and biodiversity estimates in eukaryotic 18S rRNA metabarcoding studies
Authors: De Santiago Alejandro , Pereira Tiago José , Mincks Sarah L. , Bik Holly M.
Published: November 2021

How does the evolution of bioinformatics tools impact the biological interpretation of high‐throughput sequencing datasets? For eukaryotic metabarcoding studies, in particular, researchers often rely on tools originally developed for the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) datasets. Such tools do not adequately account for the complexity of eukaryotic genomes, the ubiquity of intragenomic variation in eukaryotic metabarcoding loci, or the differential evolutionary rates observed across eukaryotic genes and taxa. Recently, metabarcoding workflows have shifted away from the use of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) toward delimitation of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). We assessed how the choice of bioinformatics algorithm impacts the downstream biological conclusions that are drawn from eukaryotic 18S rRNA metabarcoding studies. We focused on four workflows including UCLUST and VSearch algorithms for OTU clustering, and DADA2 and Deblur algorithms for ASV delimitation. We used two 18S rRNA datasets to further evaluate whether dataset complexity had a major impact on the statistical trends and ecological metrics: a “high complexity” (HC) environmental dataset generated from community DNA in Arctic marine sediments, and a “low complexity” (LC) dataset representing individually barcoded nematodes. Our results indicate that ASV algorithms produce more biologically realistic metabarcoding outputs, with DADA2 being the most consistent and accurate pipeline regardless of dataset complexity. In contrast, OTU clustering algorithms inflate the metabarcoding‐derived estimates of biodiversity, consistently returning a high proportion of “rare” molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) that appear to represent computational artifacts and sequencing errors. However, species‐specific MOTUs with high relative abundance are often recovered regardless of the bioinformatics approach. We also found high concordance across pipelines for downstream ecological analysis based on beta‐diversity and alpha‐diversity comparisons that utilize taxonomic assignment information. Analyses of LC datasets and rare MOTUs are especially sensitive to the choice of algorithms and better software tools may be needed to address these scenarios.
Modelling seasonal variation of gully erosion at the catchment scale
Authors: Agostini Margherita , Mondini Alessandro Cesare , Torri Dino , Rossi Mauro
Published: November 2021

Geo‐hydrological phenomena, including gullies, contribute significantly to soil erosion and land degradation. To address this, proper management of basins and hillslopes should consider the mechanism, timing, and location of gully development and how gullies interact with other hillslope processes. Yet, conventional modelling techniques for such processes are rare, frequently being limited to applications of only single processes and typically requiring high‐resolution input data. Further, existing tools for characterizing basins and hillslopes tend to be based on static descriptions of geo‐environmental conditions, and thus are not effective for modelling changes such as the seasonal triggering conditions of gully phenomena over time. This study proposes a method to integrate open remote sensing data (Sentinel‐2) and an existing modelling tool (LANDPLANER) using simplified input data to better predict and forecast gullies’ spatial and temporal occurrence. The study investigates the seasonal conditions responsible for the triggering of gullies at the catchment scale using different erosion modelling schema in the Toscana region of Central Italy. Geomorphological gully inventory data were collected and used as benchmarks to test the proposed approach. The results show that the occurrence of gully erosion in the studied region changes seasonally, and the proposed method was able to effectively discriminate spatial and temporal differences of the gully phenomena. The proposed method can be applied to similar regions worldwide, allowing for the investigation of gully erosion over time, even in places with limited data availability.
Towards a Haudenosaunee developmental science: Perspectives from the Two Row Wampum
Authors: Fish Jillian
Published: November 2021

The Two Row Wampum belt represents a treaty between the Haudenosaunee and Dutch about how the two nations would coexist with each other in the context of settler colonialism. The oral tradition of the Two Row Wampum states that the Haudenosaunee would travel down the river of life in a canoe containing their ways of being and knowing, while the Dutch would travel alongside them in a ship with their own orientations to the world. However, the original principles of the Two Row Wampum contrast with the colonial realities of the Haudenosaunee. In an application of the Two Row Wampum to developmental science, in which the river is the life course, mainstream developmental science is the ship, and Haudenosaunee developmental science is the canoe, I use thePrinciples of the Two Row Wampumto propose a Haudenosaunee perspective of the field. I compare this with how mainstream developmental science dominates the field, marginalizing various Indigenous developmental sciences in a manner similar to theBetrayal of the Two Row Wampum. Though I recommend that mainstream developmental science returns to the principles of the Two Row Wampum, I demonstrate that Indigenous developmental sciences operate beyond the constraints of developmental psychology by centering Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies to promote Indigenous futures.
Asymmetric Solvent‐Annealed Triblock Terpolymer Thick Films Topped by a Hexagonal Perforated Lamellar Nanostructure
Authors: Aissou Karim , Bouzit Hana , Krusch Felix , Méricq Jean Pierre , Cot Didier , Masquelez Nathalie , Roualdes Stéphanie , Quémener Damien
Published: November 2021

Asymmetric and nanostructured polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO or SVEO, S:V:EO ≈ 56:34:10, 79.5 kg mol–1) thick films blended with 20 wt% of a short PS homopolymer (hPS, 10.5 kg mol–1) are achieved by combining the non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process with a solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment. Here, the NIPS step allows for the formation of a highly‐permeable sponge‐like substructure topped by a dense thin layer exhibiting poorly‐ordered nanopores while the subsequent SVA treatment enables to reconstruct the material top surface into a porous monolayer of well‐ordered hexagonal perforated lamellae (HPL). This optimized film architecture generated by NIPS‐SVA shows a water permeability of 860 L h–1m–2bar–1, which is roughly two times higher than the flux measured through NIPS made PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO/hPS materials having poorly‐ordered nanopores. The post‐SVA treatment is also revealed as a powerful tool to tailor the thickness of the nanostructure formed within the blended material because monoliths entirely composed of a HPL phase are produced by increasing the time of exposure to a chloroform stream. The water flux of such PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO/hPS monoliths is found to be an order of magnitude lower than that of their asymmetric film homologues.
A role for the early pregnancy maternal milieu in the intergenerational transmission of obesity
Authors: Flanagan Emily W. , Most Jasper , Altazan Abby D. , Boyle Kristen E. , Redman Leanne M.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Maternal obesity increases the risks for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes but with large heterogeneity. This study examined changes to the maternal metabolic milieu across pregnancy in women with obesity. It identified differences between a metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype and a metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype, as well as the differences in offspring adiposity between the two metabolic phenotypes.

Methods

In early pregnancy, women were classified with MHO (n = 13) or MUO (n = 9) based on the presence of zero or ≥2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome, respectively (systolic blood pressure > 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mm Hg, HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL). Area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose and triglycerides measured at early (13‐16 weeks), mid‐ (24‐27 weeks), and late (35‐37 weeks) pregnancy, gestational weight gain (GWG), energy expenditure, maternal fat accretion, and infant body composition were compared.

Results

Maternal BMI, GWG, and fat accretion did not differ between MUO and MHO. Women with MUO had a greater area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose (+2,170 [382] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (+12,211 [3,916] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001). There were no differences in late‐pregnancy total daily energy expenditure, but activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in MUO (−403 [144] kcal). MUO offspring had greater weight (+621 [205] g, p = 0.01) and adiposity (+5.8% [2.1%], p = 0.02) at 1 week of life but showed no differences in fat‐free mass.

Conclusions

Independent of GWG, MUO resulted in heightened exposure of fetal fat‐promoting substrates. Differing metabolic phenotypes may explain heterogeneity of offspring adiposity born to women with obesity.