bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crime Prevention in the U.S.A.
Authors: Marshall P.
Published: December 2017

I wish to express my gratitude to the Ford (Dagenham) Trust for making possible the study tour on which the following article is based.

The assistance so freely given by Mr. John T. Minnich, Legal Attaché, United States Embassy, London, and Mr. Peter Hamilton, Hon. Secretary, British Security Industry Association, was invaluable in planning my itinerary.

In the wide range of contacts in America, with organizations ranging from police departments to private corporations and universities, and with individuals from all walks of life, I invariably met kindness, courtesy and hospitality; this made my tour an outstanding experience.
Some Thoughts for Senior Officers
Authors: McNee David
Published: December 2017

We have pleasure in publishing the address which Mr. McNee gave to outgoing students of the Police College, Bramshill, on April 10, 1974. Mr. McNee is himself a former student of the College, having taken the Senior Command Course in 1967.
Police and Bereavement Communication
Authors: Craig Yvonne
Published: December 2017

Mrs. Craig evokes in this article poignancies which many police officers will recognize, and usefully high-lights one of the most human of the services that so often fall to the lot of the police
An Angel?
Authors: Martinez Bernard
Published: December 2017

A distinguished senior French police officer (and the International President of the International Police Association) comments on the article “AN ANGEL ON HIS SHOULDER” by Mr. Colin Greenwood (Police Journal Volume XLVIII Number 2 pages 158–165).
The Admissibility of Confessions in the Canadian Justice System
Authors: Saxton Barrie J.
Published: December 2017

“Truth, like all the good things, may be loved unwisely – may be pursued too keenly – may cost too much.”
Arrest-Conviction Barriers of Narcotic Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Stevens Dennis J.
Published: December 2017

To study the barriers of narcotic arrest-conviction rates, 255 narcotic officers were surveyed. It was argued that in-service training and advanced education among narcotic law enforcement officers was the major factor influencing narcotic arrest-conviction rates. While the data showed the hypothesis was supported, it showed that a lack of cooperation between law enforcement agencies, inadequate equipment/technology, and inexperienced prosecutors were greater predictors of arrest-conviction rates than well trained, educated officers. One implication of these findings is that the very nature of narcotic enforcement fosters a contradiction of law and order producing officer alienation. Further, narcotic officers fail to view themselves as part of a larger social structure furthering the sociological imagination perspective. One recommendation is that a state narcotic agency outside local jurisdiction be created to enforce all drug violations. Further research should be conducted concerning narcotic officer corruption and the war on drugs.
Traditional and New Approaches to Career Preparation Through Coursework
Authors: Ciarocco Natalie J.
Published: December 2017

Traditional career preparation courses provide students with a variety of benefits. Students taking these courses report a better understanding of psychology-related careers, less indecision about their future careers, and are more knowledgeable about themselves in relation to careers. Yet only 37% of undergraduate psychology programs offer formal career preparation through the curriculum. Given the lack of experience and training faculty have on career preparation issues, they may be uncomfortable developing such courses. This article addresses considerations one should make when developing a career preparation course for undergraduate psychology majors as well as potential topics and assignments for the course. It also outlines how to place career preparation within the major using modules when career preparation courses are not available.
Tapping Into Alumni as a Source of Authentic Information and Advice on Careers in Psychology
Authors: Lawson Timothy J.
Published: December 2017

This article describes how my psychology department utilizes our alumni to educate current and prospective students about careers in psychology. I explain how we developed an alumni careers website and on-campus alumni careers sessions for students. High school students and our psychology majors reported that they found this information valuable, but they also valued a broader list of psychology job titles. Nevertheless, students appreciated the fact that the alumni careers information was more reflective of real-world jobs of our university’s graduates as compared to the list of job titles.
Culture, Masculine Honor, and Violence Toward Women
Authors: Brown Ryan P. , Baughman Kiersten , Carvallo Mauricio
Published: December 2017

Prior research has connected the cultural ideology of honor to intrasexual violence between men and to attitudes supporting intersexual aggression in response to perceived honor violations by female romantic partners. We extend this research to show that honor ideology is also associated with an increased likelihood of men actually engaging in violent and sexually coercive behaviors toward women. Extending previous research on honor-based schemas and scripts linked to relationship violence, comparisons between honor states and non–honor states in the United States show that official rape and domestic homicide rates by White male perpetrators (Study 1) and experiences of rape and violence in relationships anonymously reported by White female teenagers (Study 2) were higher in honor states, controlling for a variety of potential confounds. These results extend prior laboratory research on honor-based schemas and scripts into the realm of extreme, real-world behaviors.
Beyond the sham of the emancipatory Enlightenment: Rethinking the relationship of Indigenous epistemologies, knowledges, and geography through decolonizing paths
Authors: Clement Vincent
Published: December 2017

This article contributes to the current debate on decolonizing geography. It explores rethinking the relationship of Indigenous epistemologies, knowledges, and geography from Indigenous perspectives. After deconstructing the Enlightenment as an illusory way towards emancipation and critically exploring the heritage of geography regarding Indigenous peoples, this paper examines the Indigenous epistemologies that are considered counter-discourses that challenge western ‘regimes of truth’. It approaches Indigenous knowledges through decolonizing paths to capture the originality and strength of Indigenous epistemologies more fully, and re-centre Indigenous conceptual frameworks as offering new possibilities to write the ‘difference differently’ in human geography.
Younger Age of Migraine Onset in Children Than Their Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eidlitz-Markus Tal , Zeharia Avraham
Published: December 2017

Migraine is known to run in families and has long been considered a strongly heritable disorder. We sought to investigate the age of onset of migraine between successive generations. Our retrospective cohort included 102 children with migraine who were referred to a pediatric headache clinic and their affected parent(s). Age at migraine onset was significantly lower in the children with a history of maternal or paternal migraine than in their mothers or fathers ( P < .001). In conclusion, data on parental history of migraine showed that children with migraine were significantly younger at first appearance of the disease than their affected parents.
Joint Trajectories of Spousal Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Older Age
Authors: Stafford Mai , Antonucci Toni C. , Zaninotto Paola
Published: December 2017

Objective: We describe changes in depressive symptoms and positive and negative social support from the spouse/partner in a representative sample of older people in England. Method: Men and women aged 50+ ( N = 7,171) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing reported social support and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) on up to five occasions between 2002-2003 and 2010-2011. Parallel process latent growth models estimated their bidirectional associations, adjusted for gender, wealth, education, and limiting illness. Results: In age- and gender-adjusted models, positive spousal support decreased and negative support increased over time, especially among women. Greater increases over time in depressive symptoms were seen in those with lower positive support or higher negative support at baseline. More baseline depressive symptoms predicted greater declines in positive support and greater increases in negative support from the spouse. Discussion: Improving older couple’s relationship quality may help reduce depressive symptoms.
Don’t Want to Look Dumb? The Role of Theories of Intelligence and Humanlike Features in Online Help Seeking
Authors: Kim Sara , Zhang Ke , Park Daeun
Published: December 2017

Numerous studies have shown that individuals’ help-seeking behavior increases when a computerized helper is endowed with humanlike features in nonachievement contexts. In contrast, the current research suggests that anthropomorphic helpers are not universally conducive to help-seeking behavior in contexts of achievement, particularly among individuals who construe help seeking as a display of incompetence (i.e., entity theorists). Study 1 demonstrated that when entity theorists received help from an anthropomorphized (vs. a nonanthropomorphized) helper, they were more concerned about negative judgments from other people, whereas incremental theorists were not affected by anthropomorphic features. Study 2 showed that when help was provided by an anthropomorphized (vs. a nonanthropomorphized) helper, entity theorists were less likely to seek help, even at the cost of lower performance. In contrast, incremental theorists’ help-seeking behavior and task performance were not affected by anthropomorphism. This research deepens the current understanding of the role of anthropomorphic computerized helpers in online learning contexts.
A Neural Basis for Phonological Awareness? An Oscillatory Temporal-Sampling Perspective
Authors: Goswami Usha
Published: December 2017

Individual differences in phonological awareness, or speech-sound awareness, between children predict reading and spelling development across languages. Recent advances in our understanding of the neural basis of speech encoding suggest one possible sensory and neural basis for these individual differences. This article describes an oscillatory theoretical perspective based on sampling of the speech stream by networks of cells that vary in excitability at different temporal rates. These variations in neural excitability (oscillations) may align to similar energy variations (such as amplitude modulations, AMs) in speech, helping to encode the signal. Indeed, cell networks in auditory cortex form an oscillatory hierarchy, which mirrors an AM hierarchy found in rhythmic speech. Mappings between these hierarchies may support parsing of the speech signal into phonological units. Oscillations at approximately 2 Hz may help identify stressed syllables, used to convey meaning in all languages, while oscillations at approximately 5 Hz may help identify syllables. Behavioral research suggests that the rhythmic patterning of stressed syllables may provide an acoustic “skeleton” for phonological development across languages. As well as helping to explain individual differences, an oscillatory framework offers new targets for improving children’s phonological development, for example, via multimodal rhythmic activities.
Impact of US Financial Crisis on GDP of BRICS Economies: An Analysis Using Panel Data Approach
Authors: Arora Ashima , Kalsie Anjala
Published: December 2017

The objective of the article is to analyse the impact of US financial crisis of 2008–2009 on the GDP of India and GDP of BRICS nations for the non-crisis and crisis period. Fixed effects panel data, fixed effect model, random effect model, Hausman test besides ADF unit root test were used to fulfil the abovementioned objective for the period 2000–2013. The findings displayed final consumption expenditure (FCE) to be the most influential variable in affecting the economic growth universally in both the models of India and BRICS. It was the export which was unearthed to have a more significant influence on economic growth of BRICS as a bloc followed by gross capital formation (GCF) than the other way round as in the case of India. Similarly, there was a variation in the influence of economic growth of USA when assessed separately on India in solitude and India as a part of BRICS economic bloc. This result thereby established the contagion flow of US financial crisis into the developing economies of the world.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes Comparing Percutaneous Chevron-Akin Osteotomies vs Open Scarf-Akin Osteotomies for Hallux Valgus
Authors: Lai Mun Chun , Rikhraj Inderjeet Singh , Woo Yew Lok , Yeo William , Ng Yung Chuan Sean , Koo Kevin
Published: December 2017

Background:

Minimally invasive surgeries have gained popularity due to less soft tissue trauma and better wound healing. To date, limited studies have compared the outcomes of percutaneous and open osteotomies. This study aims to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of percutaneous chevron-Akin osteotomies vs open scarf–Akin osteotomies at 24-month follow-up.

Method:

We reviewed a prospectively collected database in a tertiary hospital hallux valgus registry. Twenty-nine feet that underwent a percutaneous technique were matched to 58 feet that underwent open scarf and Akin osteotomies. Clinical outcome measures assessed included visual analog scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal score (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Radiological outcomes included hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA). All patients were prospectively followed up at 6 and 24 months.

Results:

Both groups showed comparable clinical and radiological outcomes at the 24-month follow-up. However, the percutaneous group demonstrated less pain in the perioperative period ( P < .001). There were significant differences in the change in HVA between the groups but comparable radiological outcomes in IMA at the 24-month follow-up. The percutaneous group demonstrated shorter length of operation ( P < .001). There were no complications in the percutaneous group but 3 wound complications in the open group.

Conclusions:

We conclude that clinical and radiological outcomes of third-generation percutaneous chevron-Akin osteotomies were comparable with open scarf and Akin osteotomies at 24 months but with significantly less perioperative pain, shorter length of operation, and less risk of wound complications.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease Among Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study
Authors: Rattanathammethee Thanawat , Tantiworawit Adisak , Rattarittamrong Ekarat , Chai-Adisaksopha Chatree , Hantrakool Sasinee , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Wongcharoen Wanwarang , Gunaparn Siriluck , Norasetthada Lalita
Published: December 2017

Background:

There were some reports of peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) associated with nilotinib usage in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). These complications in other tyrosine kinase inhibitors are revealed as unknown.

Materials and methods:

We determined the prevalence of PAOD in patients with CML as compared with matched-control population by cross-sectional case-control study. Peripheral artery occlusive disease was screened by ankle-brachial index (ABI).

Results:

In total, 78 CML and 156 matched-control patients were included. The median age was 55 years. In all, 61 (78.2%) were on imatinib and 13 (16.7%) were on nilotinib, whereas 4 patients (5.2%) were on dasatinib. Prevalence of low ABI (<0.9) was 9.0%, and nilotinib users had the highest prevalence of low ABI of 30.7%. All cases with low ABI were not shown to be clinically overt of PAOD. There were well-balanced characteristics between cases of CML and matched control except in higher levels of hypercholesterolemia in the control. Interestingly, CML had more amounts of pathologic ABI than the control (odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.71-6.21), and diagnosis of diabetes found it to be independent of the risk of PAOD.

Conclusions:

Peripheral artery occlusive disease was higher among patients with CML than the control, especially in patients who had diabetes.
Experiencing the cancer of a loved one influences decision-making for breast cancer prevention
Authors: Padamsee Tasleem J , Muraveva Anna , Yee Lisa D , Wills Celia E , Paskett Electra D
Published: December 2017

Prior research demonstrates that family history influences breast cancer prevention decisions among healthy women at elevated risk of the disease. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 50 African American and White women, this study reveals an important psychological mechanism of this relationship: exposure to cancer among loved ones. Four distinct categories of cancer exposure (Abstract, Generalized, Practical, and Traumatic), distinguished by the characteristics of women’s experiences with cancer among family members and close friends, are associated with differences in knowledge and decisions about breast cancer prevention options. Racial differences and distinct experiences among those with BRCA mutations are also discussed.
Effects of attentional focus on motor learning in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tse Andy CY
Published: December 2017

Inability to acquire a new motor skill is a common motor difficulty in children with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the motor learning benefits of an external focus of attention for typically developing children and children with intellectual disabilities could also be applied to children with autism spectrum disorder. Children ( N = 65; mean age = 10.01 years) diagnosed with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: external focus ( n = 22), internal focus ( n = 22), and control ( n = 21). They were required to throw beanbags at a static target for 50 acquisition trials, 10 retention trials, and 10 transfer trials. While all three groups learnt the skills in a similar manner during the acquisition phase, the internal focus group demonstrated more robust motor performance than the external focus group and the control group in both retention and transfer tests, while there was no difference between the external focus group and the control group in both retention and transfer tests. The findings provide evidence that internal focus of attention may be more effective for facilitating motor learning in children with autism spectrum disorder. However, further study is needed to determine the factors contributing to this finding.
Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structural members
Authors: Fernando Dilum , Teng JG , Gattas Joseph , Heitzmann Michael
Published: December 2017

The increasing interest in timber as a sustainable construction material has led to the development of a new type of structures referred to as ‘hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structures’. In these structures, thin layers of fibre-reinforced polymer are combined with timber veneers to create high-performance, lightweight and easy-to-construct structural members. This new type of structural members harnesses the orthotropic properties of both timber and fibre-reinforced polymer by appropriately orientating material fibre directions for optimal composite properties as well as efficient thin-walled cross-sectional shapes. Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled members can be used in many applications such as load-bearing walls, roofs, floor panels and bridge decks. This article describes several novel hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber structural member forms and presents results from a preliminary experimental investigation into the compressive behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panels. A comparison of behaviour between a hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panel and a pure timber wall panel is presented to show that the hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber system significantly outperforms the pure timber system in terms of both load resistance and axial strain at failure.
This Tweet Brought to You by a Journalist
Authors: Waddell T. Franklin
Published: December 2017

It is increasingly common for journalists to use reader comments from social media as a quote or source of evidence for news. Past work on the effects of user-generated content has revealed that comments can have a host of negative effects on readers’ psychological processing of news, particularly when reader comments are hostile or uncivil. What happens, however, when online comments are moderated by a journalist? Does comment gatekeeping influence the effects of comments? Informed by the Modality-Agency-Interactivity-Navigability model and warranting theory, an experiment ( N = 365) was conducted to answer these questions using a 2 (comment gatekeeping: low vs. high) × 2 (comment valence: positive vs. negative) × 2 (news involvement: low vs. high) design. Results revealed that journalistic gatekeeping of comments decreases article credibility and increases bias through the indirect pathway of source trustworthiness, regardless of news type or comment valence.
Phantom limb pain: a review of pharmacological management
Authors: Hall Neil , Eldabe Sam
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a complex condition resulting in pain in the missing limb affecting 60–80% amputees. Increasing number of patients are undergoing amputations. Approximately 1 per every 1000 people in the United Kingdom is an amputee. Incidence of PLP can be as high as 80% following amputation. PLP can be severe and difficult to treat. A range of pharmacological interventions exist yet little is known about them in respect to PLP. This article will address the effectiveness of both single pharmacological, therapy as well as drug combination therapy.

Methods:

We reviewed all literature looking at the evidence for the efficacy of both single and combined pharmacological therapy in the management of phantom limb pain. Not all commonly prescribed analgesic agents have been studied in the use of PLP and in these cases, the evidence of their efficacy in neuropathic pain was reviewed

Conclusion:

It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the pharmacological management of PLP based on current available evidence. Most trials involved small cohorts and were not specific to the PLP. The trials which looked specifically at the PLP population gave conflicting results. Only the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist class demonstrated consistent positive results. Most notably ketamine did produce a reduction in pressure pain thresholds and pain windup associated with PLP, although the numbers in these studies remain small. This benefit was not demonstrated across all NMDA receptor antagonists. Combination therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in previous studies for neuropathic pain but this has never been tested specifically against a PLP cohort. Therefore, combination treatment of agents with proven efficacy in PLP such as opioid and gabapentin deserves a closer examination in a controlled study against a placebo as well as single drug therapy
TRAKTEXT: Investigating writing processes using eye-tracking technology
Authors: Hacker Douglas J , Keener Matt C , Kircher John C
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this research was to provide a brief review of existing writing research methodologies, describe a new methodology in the investigation of writing, and demonstrate how this new methodology can be used in a pilot study to investigate the use of writing during problem solving. Our new methodology, TRAKTEXT, makes use of eye-tracking technology, which provides continuous measures of processing time, attention, and effort; does not disrupt the writer from the main task; produces data reflecting attentional shifts in periods of time as short as 100 milliseconds; can pinpoint text production or revision at the word level; and provides a more natural way of examining writing behaviors. In our exploratory study, we identified six unique writing behaviors. Results from the pilot study showed that writers who experienced a change in knowledge during problem solving demonstrated different writing behaviors from writers who did not experience a change in knowledge. Although TRAKTEXT provides several advantages over existing writing research methodologies, there are some components of writing (e.g. planning) that must be inferred from processing time and cognitive effort measures. Future iterations of TRAKTEXT may resolve these issues.
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Sleep Quality of ICU Nurses: A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gholipour Baradari Afshin , Alipour Abbas , Mahdavi Ali , Sharifi Hassan , Nouraei Seyed Mahmood , Emami Zeydi Amir
Published: December 2017

This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation on the sleep quality (SQ) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 54 ICU nurses were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 27) that received 220 mg zinc sulfate capsules every 72 hours for 1 month and the control group ( n = 26) that received placebo. Sleep quality of ICU nurses was measured by calculating the total quality sleep score using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The serum zinc level was a secondary outcome. All measurements were calculated at both baseline and 1 month after intervention. The total PSQI, subjective SQ, and sleep latency scores for the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group, which means that the SQ of ICU nurses in the intervention group improved from baseline. The serum zinc level of the intervention group at the end of the study was significantly higher than the control group, which means that zinc supplementation improved participants’ serum zinc level. Based on these findings, the researcher suggested that zinc supplementation could be associated with better SQ, subjective SQ, and sleep latency in this group of workers.
Arthroscopic Fragment Resection for Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Adolescent Athletes: 5- to 12-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ueda Yusuke , Sugaya Hiroyuki , Takahashi Norimasa , Matsuki Keisuke , Tokai Morihito , Onishi Kazutomo , Hoshika Shota , Hamada Hiroshige
Published: December 2017

Background:

Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in skeletally immature athletes has often been seen in baseball players and gymnasts. The choice of surgical procedure for unstable lesions in skeletally immature athletes remains controversial.

Purpose:

To investigate functional outcomes and radiographic changes in the midterm to long-term postoperative period after arthroscopic (AS) resection for small to large capitellar OCD lesions in skeletally immature athletes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 38 elbows in 38 patients (33 boys, 5 girls; mean age, 14 years [range, 13-15 years]) with skeletally immature elbows underwent AS resection for capitellar OCD. Patients were observed for at least 5 years (mean, 8 years [range, 5-12 years]). Elbows with a lesion width that did not exceed one-half of the radial head diameter were assigned to group 1 (n = 17 elbows), and larger lesions were assigned to group 2 (n = 21 elbows). Functional scores, patient satisfaction, range of motion (ROM), and osteoarthritis (OA) grades were evaluated between the groups.

Results:

All patients returned to sports activity. Functional scores at the final follow-up were not significantly different between the groups. Patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. There was significant improvement in flexion ROM at the final follow-up compared with preoperative values in group 1 ( P = .017), and there was a significant between-group difference (group 1: 141°; group 2: 133°; P = .002). Extension ROM showed significant improvement in both groups (group 1: from –8° to 3°; group 2: from –17° to –1°; P < .001 for both). Group 1 tended to have better extension than group 2, but the difference was not significant. There were no elbows with severe OA in either group, but the OA grade progressed in 5 elbows (29%) in group 1 and 9 elbows (43%) in group 2, and this rate of OA progression was statistically significant between groups ( P = .005).

Conclusion:

Both functional outcomes and radiological findings after AS fragment resection were excellent in elbows with small lesions. Although overall outcomes were acceptable in elbows with larger lesions, flexion ROM and patient satisfaction scores were significantly inferior to those in elbows with smaller lesions.
How Text Presentation and Financial Literacy Affect Pension Communication Success
Authors: Nell Louise , Lentz Leo , Pander Maat Henk
Published: December 2017

This study examined the effects of (a) text presentation and (b) prior knowledge and language skill on finding information in financial documents. First, the participants filled out tests that measured their levels of vocabulary, reading skill, domain knowledge, and topic knowledge. Subsequently, they read an on-screen text on pension information in either a linear structure (“nonlayered”) or a hypertext structure (“layered”). Readers’ performance was measured by verbal scenario questions. No difference was found for text presentation. Language skill and domain knowledge were both important predictors for finding, whereas topic knowledge was not associated with readers’ performance at all. When differentiating between text presentation conditions, we found that domain knowledge only plays a role in the nonlayered condition, not in the layered condition. These results indicate that the set of skills needed to successfully read a document varies with both type of task and type of reading, confirming prior research.
Ascribed Meaning of Disease Control
Authors: Girling Laura M , Chard Sarah E , Eckert J Kevin
Published: December 2017

Background:

Contemporary treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter diabetes) heavily emphasizes “diabetes control,” largely defined by measurable blood glucose parameters. Little is known about how people living with the condition themselves define diabetes control within the lived experience of their disease.

Methods:

As part of a qualitative study investigating the subjective construction of diabetes, 83 in-depth interviews were conducted with African American and non-Hispanic white older adults. Using content analysis, 4237 pages of narrative data were analyzed to explore how informants conceptualized diabetes control.

Findings:

Four themes emerged from the data, describing varied understandings of diabetes control: (a) blood sugar regulation, (b) practicable treatment adherence, (c) bodily experience, and (d) degree of pharmaceutical need. Findings demonstrate that among persons with diabetes, the term diabetes control is multifaceted.

Conclusion:

While clinical guidelines have established target blood glucose parameters as the standard indicator of diabetes control, persons with diabetes conveyed varied and diverse meanings situated within personal experiences. To foster empathetic and collaborative care, health-care providers tending to this population may consider integrating the emergent themes into communicative and treatment approaches.
The Queen’s Daughters: White Prostitutes, British India and the Contagious Diseases Acts
Authors: Jain Sagaree
Published: December 2017

Within the larger subject of the regulation of prostitution under the British Empire in South Asia, this article examines the figure of the White Prostitute in brothels and lock hospitals in colonial India. The White Prostitute in colonial India was in every way segregated from her native counterparts: in medicine, in physical quarters and in popular conceptions of her mobility, agency and rationality. Despite their mistreatment and vulnerability in many sources, white prostitutes were understood as closer to the ideal of regulable, liberal subjecthood compared to Indian women working in the same conditions and ultimately demonstrated the dynamism of the conditions of prostitution in this time and place. Through examination of literature, advocacy and military records, this article contends that the figure of the White Prostitute fractured concepts of caste-based prostitution in India and was wielded by imperial feminists to attack British regulation of prostitution and sexual slavery in India for brown as well as white women.
Draft genome of Paraburkholderia caballeronis TNe-841T, a free-living, nitrogen-fixing, tomato plant-associated bacterium
Authors: Rojas-Rojas Fernando Uriel , Tapia-García Erika Yanet , Maymon Maskit , Humm Ethan , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Shapiro Nicole , Hirsch Ann M. , Estrada-de los Santos Paulina
Published: December 2017

Paraburkholderia
caballeronis is a plant-associated bacterium. Strain TNe-841T was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum) growing in Nepantla Mexico State. Initially this bacterium was found to effectively nodulate
Phaseolus vulgaris
L. However, from an analysis of the genome of strain TNe-841T and from repeat inoculation experiments, we found that this strain did not nodulate bean and also lacked nodulation genes, suggesting that the genes were lost. The genome consists of 7,115,141 bp with a G + C content of 67.01%. The sequence includes 6251 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA genes.
‘[Overhearing]’: Printing Parentheses and Reading Power in Ben Jonson’s Sejanus
Authors: Burrows Ian Roger
Published: December 2017

This essay posits that the earliest printed edition of Sejanus shows how power is not inherent to particular statements or actions, but apprehended, rather, in their relationships to the responses around them. Conventionally, critics find the emperor Tiberius to be in control of events in the play, and textual scholars argue that Jonson shapes the text in order to ensure this interpretation. Here, though, I show how techniques of marking parentheses present different kinds of onlooking and overhearing on the page, and I suggest that these techniques mark a strategy of allowing and sustaining multiple interpretations of Jonson’s Tiberius.
Reading Performance, Reading Gender: Early Encounters with Beaumont and Fletcher’s The Scornful Lady in Print
Authors: Smith Simon
Published: December 2017

This essay investigates Francis Beaumont’s seventeenth-century afterlife through material evidence left by early readers. Taking his immensely popular collaboration with John Fletcher, The Scornful Lady, as a test case, it traces patterns of shared interest and attention in different readers’ engagements with the play in quarto. Considering commonplacing habits, readers’ marks, and preparations for performance from a printed text, the article emphasizes fluidity between page- and stage-based engagements with drama in the seventeenth century. It also argues for the perhaps surprising receptiveness of Beaumont and Fletcher’s drama to readers’ reflections on and interrogations of gendered expectations, particularly regarding public female decorum.
Rehabilitation of the feline patient: physiotherapy treatment as part of a multidisciplinary team approach
Authors: Halkett Emma Vigor Craigie , Romano Laura
Published: December 2017

The benefits of physical rehabilitation have been well documented in canine practice. It is far less applied and documented in feline practice and as such the benefits in treating feline patients are often missed and under utilised. There are many suitable physiotherapy techniques which can be successfully applied to the feline patient for the treatment of a variety of conditions. The key to successful rehabilitation is the early identification of suitable patients, an informative referral and the engagement of a correctly qualified physiotherapist to work as part of the multidisciplinary team both in acute and chronic conditions and in some cases as a preventative treatment.
Assessment of Mobility in Older People Hospitalized for Medical Illness Using the de Morton Mobility Index and Cumulated Ambulation Score-Validity and Minimal Clinical Important Difference
Authors: Trøstrup Jeanette , Andersen Helle , Kam Charlotte Agger Meiner , Magnusson S. Peter , Beyer Nina
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose:

Older adults acutely hospitalized for medical illness typically have comorbidity and disability, and in-hospital physical inactivity greatly increases the likelihood of developing new disability. Thus, assessment of the patients' mobility status is crucial for planning and carrying out targeted interventions that ensure mobilization during hospital admission. The aim of this study was to determine convergent validity, known group validity, floor and ceiling effects, and anchor-based minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the more time-consuming de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) and the less time-consuming Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) in older adults acutely hospitalized for medical illness.

Methods:

In this multicenter cohort study, 235 older hospitalized adults, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 84.8 (7.1) years, were consecutively included. Assessments of mobility using the DEMMI (score range 0-100), the CAS (score range 0-6), and the Barthel Index (BI, score range 0-100) were performed by physical or occupational therapists at hospital admission and discharge. In addition, at discharge patients and therapists were independently asked to assess the patients' current mobility status compared with their mobility status at hospital admission using the Global Rating of Change scale.

Results and Discussion:

Complete data sets were obtained for 155 patients. Baseline characteristics of those with complete data sets did not differ from those with incomplete data sets, except for the number of secondary diagnoses, which was lower in the latter. Significant and moderate relationships existed both at admission and at discharge between scores in the DEMMI and the BI (rs= 0.68,P< .0001, andrs= 0.71,P< .0001), and between scores in the CAS and the BI (rs= 0.60,P< .0001, andrs= 0.57,P< .0001). Use of a gait aid and discharge to inpatient rehabilitation or nursing home were associated with significantly lower DEMMI and CAS scores. No floor or ceiling effects were present in the DEMMI, while a ceiling effect was present in the CAS. The MCID scores based on patients' assessments were 10.7 points for the DEMMI and 0.67 for the CAS.

Conclusions:

These data show that the DEMMI is valid and responsive to changes in mobility and can be considered to have the required properties for measuring mobility in older adults who are hospitalized in medical and geriatric wards. In contrast, the CAS appears to be appropriate to identify whether a patient is independently mobile or needs assistance, while the measure is less suitable for measuring improvements in mobility.
Advanced Practice Nursing in Pediatric Urology: experience report in the Federal District
Authors: Souza Bruna Marcela Lima de , Salviano Cristiane Feitosa , Martins Gisele
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the creation and implementation of the extension program Advanced Practice Nursing in Pediatric Urology, developed in the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the Federal District. Method: This is an experience report regarding the implementation of an outpatient service aimed at children and adolescents with symptoms of bladder and bowel dysfunction. Results: Because it is an extension program linked to the university, it follows a different model of care, valuing empowerment, informed and shared decision making, which results in a stronger bond between patients, family and the Pediatric Urology nursing team. It has also become a privileged space for the production and use of scientific knowledge, associated with the principles of evidence-based practice. Conclusion: This project shows a different performance of the nurse-specialist-professor-researcher in Pediatric Urology Nursing, and it has become a reference in the Federal District, mainly for undergraduate and graduate nursing students.
Estimation of soybean agronomic performance in climatic scenarios for Southern Brazil
Authors: Minuzzi Rosandro Boligon , Frederico Carolina do Amaral , Silva Thieres George Freire da
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of soybean cultivated in Southern Brazil, in climatic scenarios. Climatic data from three cities located in the main soybean producing regions of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul were used in the Aquacrop 4.0 software. Thus, it was possible to simulate cycle duration, yield, water use efficiency in productivity of evapotranspiration water (WUE), net irrigation requirement, and harvest index adjusted for different climatic scenarios based on short-term (2016-2035) and medium-term projections (2046-2065) of the RCP4.5 scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The soybean cycle duration tends to decrease when the locality is colder. Productivity and WUE should increase even if there is no irrigation requirement in future climate scenarios.
Diferenças e similaridades entre mulheres que vivem e não vivem com HIV: aportes do estudo GENIH para a atenção à saúde sexual e reprodutiva
Authors: Pinho Adriana de Araujo , Cabral Cristiane da Silva , Barbosa Regina Maria
Published: December 2017

Resumo: Estudo quantitativo foi conduzido no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, comparando contextos de vulnerabilidade social e o comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de uma amostra de 975 mulheres vivendo com HIV/aids (MVHA) e de 1.003 mulheres usuárias da rede de atenção básica à saúde. As MVHA são marcadas por situações de maior vulnerabilidade que, potencialmente, aumentaram o seu risco para a infecção pelo HIV e para eventos no campo reprodutivo. Comparando com mulheres usuárias da rede de atenção básica à saúde, as MVHA relataram em maiores proporções: uso de drogas, sexo em troca de dinheiro, exposição a parceiros íntimos violentos, dificuldades no acesso a serviços de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce, ocorrência de gestações não planejadas, aborto provocado e gravidez na adolescência. Parcela considerável das mulheres usuárias da rede de atenção básica à saúde compartilha as mesmas experiências, porém em menor magnitude. A identificação de contextos de vulnerabilidade e a integração de serviços de testagem anti-HIV e de saúde sexual e reprodutiva devem compor as linhas de cuidado às mulheres, tanto nos serviços especializados quanto nos de atenção básica.
Contribuições e desafios das práticas corporais e meditativas à promoção da saúde na rede pública de atenção primária do Município de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Galvanese Ana Tereza Costa , Barros Nelson Filice de , d’Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas
Published: December 2017

O artigo apresenta análise das contribuições e os desafios das práticas corporais e meditativas à promoção da saúde na rede pública de atenção primária. A pesquisa qualitativa foi desenvolvida em 16 unidades de saúde do Município de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de entrevistas de 29 profissionais e 36 praticantes, e observação participante de 31 práticas, entre Tai Chi, Lian Gong, Qi Gong, Yoga, Capoeira, Danças, Meditação, Relaxamento, Consciência e Percepção Corporal. Houve melhora de dores articulares, mobilidade, equilíbrio, memória, depressão e ansiedade, e maior facilidade ao lidar com condições crônicas. Tais contribuições são relacionadas ao favorecimento da autonomia dos praticantes, pela construção de referências de saúde por intermédio do autoconhecimento; à união entre promoção e cuidado terapêutico nas abordagens; e ao apoio ao acesso a bens culturais e espaços de cidadania. Os desafios identificados são a precariedade na integração com as demais ofertas dos serviços de saúde, a carência de supervisão e avaliação, assim como o predomínio de uma cultura setorial na saúde.
Estudo da Variabilidade Temporal da Profundidade Óptica do Aerossol Utilizando Dados de Sensoriamento Remoto Sobre a Região de Transição entre a Floresta Amazônica e o Cerrado
Authors: Prado Nathália Velloso , da Costa Coelho Simone Marilene Sievert
Published: December 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise observacional da variabilidade temporal da profundidade óptica do aerossol, explorando produtos de sensoriamento remoto. Neste sentido, analisou-se como déficits de chuva na estação seca impactam as atividades de queimadas na Amazônia Legal e como estas podem afetar a composição da atmosfera. Foram utilizados dados de profundidade óptica do aerossol (AOD) do sensor MODIS/Terra e da AERONET, precipitação do satélite TRMM, e, para queimadas, dados produzidos pelo CPTEC/INPE, durante 2000 a 2012. Resultados indicaram que os valores de AOD inferidos por satélite e superfície apresentaram uma tendência negativa nos últimos cinco anos da série histórica analisada, possivelmente associada às mudanças nas atividades antrópicas na região. Para este mesmo período, as taxas de desmatamento na Amazônia Legal estimadas por satélite também apresentaram redução, podendo justificar parte das mudanças na AOD. Dados de satélite indicam que o déficit de chuva na estação seca é uma das possíveis causas do aumento de queimadas em Setembro, porém não é fator único. A correlação encontrada entre dados de precipitação acumulada e focos de queimadas é inferior a -0.3. Por outro lado, a correlação entre precipitação e aerossóis é mais evidente (R = 0.7), explicando apenas parte da variabilidade da AOD.
Added sugars: Definitions, classifications, metabolism and health implications
Authors: SCAPIN Tailane , FERNANDES Ana Carolina , PROENÇA Rossana Pacheco da Costa
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT The sugars added to foods have been featured in recent scientific research, including the publication of the World Health Organization recommendation to limit consumption of added sugars, based on studies on weight gain and dental caries. However, it is possible that there is evidence of an association between excessive consumption and other pathologies, but scientific studies have yet to investigate these associations. Moreover, there is no consensus on the descriptions and definitions of these sugars, with several terms and components used to designate them. In Brazil, there are few studies investigating added sugars, identifying a lack of discussion on this subject. This paper presents a literature review of sugars added to foods, from their definitions and classifications to the metabolism and health effects. The search was performed without limiting dates in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and SciELO, as well as in national and international official sites. Keywords in Portuguese and English related to sugars added to foods were used, in combination with terms related to systematic review and meta-analysis studies, in order to find research linking added sugars consumption with health damage. The literature indicates that there is a relationship between excessive consumption of added sugars and various health outcomes, including weight gain, type 2 diabetes Mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. The different descriptions of sugars in foods may confuse both food consumers and researchers, since each term includes different components. Thus, it is suggested to use the standardized term “added sugar” as the most suitable term for the broader population to understand, because it indicates that those sugars are not natural food components.