bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alogliptin
Authors: Jarvis Courtney I. , Cabrera Adriana , Charron Derek
Published: July 2014

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data Sources: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (1946-August 2013) and Embase (1974-August 2013) for English language articles using key words alogliptin, SYR-332, Nesina, Oseni, and Kazano. References of articles were reviewed to identify any additional sources. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles with adequate sample sizes, evaluating clinically relevant end points were included. Data Synthesis: Alogliptin is a highly selective and potent competitive inhibitor of DPP-4. The DPP-4 enzyme rapidly inactivates the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. GLP-1, which releases postprandial insulin in response to meals, is thought to be deficient in patients with T2DM. Studies evaluating the role of alogliptin in T2DM have shown significant reductions in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels. Alogliptin doses of 12.5 to 25 mg once daily reduced A1C by 0.56% to 0.59% as monotherapy. Patients given alogliptin in addition to other antidiabetic agentsexperienced additional A1C lowering of 0.4% to 0.8%. Side effects of alogliptin include nasopharyngitis, upper-respiratory tract infections, and headache. Alogliptin demonstrates a neutral effect on weight. A large trial evaluating the cardiovascular safety of alogliptin is currently being conducted. Conclusions: Alogliptin is the fourth DDP-4 inhibitor approved in the US for the treatment of T2DM. It is available alone (Nesina) and in fixed-dose combinations with metformin (Kazano) and pioglitazone (Oseni). It has no demonstrable advantages over other agents in its class.
An Observational Study of Ezetimibe in Cardiac Transplant Recipients Receiving Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Makkar Kathleen M. , Sanoski Cynthia A. , Goldberg Lee R. , Spinler Sarah A.
Published: July 2014

Background: Cardiac transplant patients are at risk for developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and dyslipidemia in this patient population has been associated with increased risk. Data evaluating the efficacy and safety of ezetimibe in this population are minimal. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ezetimibe, alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering agents, in cardiac transplant recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective chart review. Data on demographics, medications prescribed for dyslipidemia and prevention of transplant rejection, results of lipid panels, CNI blood concentrations, and adverse effects were extracted from medical records of cardiac transplant recipients who were prescribed ezetimibe, either alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering agents, and seen at least once in a 12-month period at a cardiac transplantation clinic of an 800-bed teaching hospital. Results: There were 71 patients prescribed ezetimibe in whom a safety analysis was performed. Approximately 49% (n = 35) were included in the analysis for lipid lowering. Ezetimibe significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 129 mg/dL vs 94 mg/dL, P < .0001), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C; 170 mg/dL vs 127.5 mg/dL, P = .0058), and total cholesterol (236 mg/dL vs 200 mg/dL, P < .0001). There was no significant change in HDL-C and triglycerides as compared with baseline. The proportion of patients achieving goal LDL-C < 100 mg/dL significantly increased from 11.5% at baseline to 60.5% after the addition of ezetimibe ( P < .0001). Ezetimibe had no measurable effect on blood CNI concentrations or doses. Adverse effects were reported by 15.5% of patients (n = 11), with 4% (n = 3) of patients discontinuing therapy. The most common complaints were gastrointestinal intolerance and myalgia. Conclusions: Ezetimibe was associated with lower LDL-C in cardiac transplant recipients either as combination therapy in patients with elevated LDL-C or as monotherapy, with a low frequency of adverse effects.
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding Following Pharmacist Prescribing of Metformin Leads to the Detection of Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: Lyster Rita L. , Houle Sherilyn K. D.
Published: July 2014

Objective: To describe a case where pharmacist prescribing of metformin therapy resulted in unexplained vaginal bleeding in a patient later diagnosed with complex endometrial hyperplasia. Case Summary: A 57-year-old woman with diagnoses of hypertension and dyslipidemia was assessed by a pharmacist with prescribing authorization for hypertension management. Cardiovascular risk assessment performed by the pharmacist resulted in the detection of metabolic syndrome confirmed by the patient’s physician. The pharmacist prescribed metformin 500 mg twice daily for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, resulting in vaginal bleeding 1 week following initiation of therapy. Bleeding stopped following discontinuation of metformin, and recurred on retrial. The symptoms were dose dependent as bleeding did not occur at a dose of 500 mg once daily, but recurred at a total dose of 1000 mg/d. The patient was referred for physical examination and endometrial ultrasound and sampling, and was found to have complex endometrial hyperplasia. Discussion: Metformin is widely used for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome as it improves ovulation and menstrual cycle regularity. In this case, the patient was not known to have polycystic ovary syndrome but was instead provided metformin for metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia. It is believed that metformin’s endocrine effects resulted in the sloughing of this hyperplastic tissue, prompting the pharmacist to refer the patient for medical assessment. This case is unique as it is the first of our knowledge to report a scenario where pharmacist prescribing resulted in facilitated detection of a previously undetected disease, highlighting that an expanded scope of practice for pharmacists can facilitate disease diagnosis when collaboration occurs among health professionals. Conclusions: Female patients initiated on metformin therapy should be aware that any changes to their menstrual cycle following metformin may indicate endometrial disease. Additionally, pharmacist prescribing for chronic disease management, when practiced collaboratively with the patient and their physician, can facilitate disease detection through effective referral and follow-up.
Making the ‘reserve army’ invisible: Lengthy parental leave and women’s economic marginalisation in Hungary
Authors: Fodor Eva , Kispeter Erika
Published: July 2014

Generous parental leave policies are popular in a number of countries around the world and are usually seen as a sign of the ‘family friendliness’ of the state. Relying on in-depth interviews with mothers on parental leave in Hungary, the authors argue that the context in which the policies are implemented should be examined when evaluating their consequences. In semi-peripheral, resource-poor Hungary lengthy parental leave policies turn women into an invisible ‘reserve army of labourers’. While their employment is mostly unaccounted for in aggregate statistics, and political discourse suggests that their ‘job’ is to look after children, nevertheless many women do end up doing some work for wages during the almost five years they spend on parental leave. However, given the rigidity of the labour market and rampant discrimination against mothers with small children, their chances of obtaining formal employment are small. They therefore resort to doing ad hoc, temporary, informal work, which is often underpaid and well below their qualifications. Thus generous family policies do not necessarily indicate the ‘women friendliness’ of the state and may not lead to the relatively favourable trade-off between stable public sector work and lower wages suggested recently by comparative researchers. Instead, in this specific context, which combines legacies of state socialism, a backlash against women’s emancipation before 1990 and a peripheral, vulnerable labour market, familialist policies are associated with a high degree of marginalisation for women with small children in which the state is at best complicit, at worst, an active agent.
Frozen children and despairing embryos in the ‘new’ post-communist state: The debate on IVF in the context of Poland’s transition
Authors: Radkowska-Walkowicz Magdalena
Published: July 2014

In vitro fertilization (IVF) technology has been in use in Poland for over 25 years with success and social approval, but it is still not regulated under Polish law. The current debate over different non-medical aspects of reproductive technologies in Poland is extremely heated and highly politicized. Politicians on the right, Catholic clergy and some journalists use very radical language and criticize IVF as a technique that plays with the lives and deaths of thousands and thousands of children. The aim of this article is to follow the Polish debate on IVF in the context of Poland’s transition, which is marked primarily by two events: the collapse of communism in 1989 and access to the European Union in 2004. The article shows that the IVF debate concerns not only moral choices or legal regulation, but also citizenship, nation, state, and the role of the Catholic Church within. Moreover, it creates new citizens: frozen embryos, which being independent persons, have the right to life, ‘dignity’ and care. The history of IVF in Poland reveals the different tensions in the Polish transition to liberal democracy and it can be used to view a ‘big’ history of the Polish transition. It is one of the micro-histories which make this big story about Poland after 1989. Analyses of both the abortion debate and the IVF debate in Poland show that the process of democratization is very much connected with limiting women’s reproductive rights, including the right to choose infertility treatment.
Friction reduction of pre-phosphating nanofilm on bearing steel by tricresyl phosphate pretreatment in boundary lubrication
Authors: Wu HX , Ho John KL , Dong GN , Zhang DY
Published: July 2014

The study shows that the boundary lubrication performance of bearing steel can be improved by pretreatment with tricresyl phosphate. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic analyses of pre-slid and slid-bearing steel specimens, some mechanisms likely related to such improvement in tribological performance are revealed. It is identified that: (i) production of nanophosphate film on steel surface reduces friction from 0.08 to 0.035 and enhances anti-wear ability; (ii) wear mode is mainly ploughing in nature; and (iii) tricresyl phosphate surface pretreatment prevents the oxidation of lubricant oil. Such findings give some insight to applying tricresyl phosphate pretreatment on modifying the tribological behaviors of the rolling bearing of aeroengine.
Writing strategy instruction: Its impact on writing in a second language for academic purposes
Authors: De Silva Radhika
Published: July 2014

Writing for academic purposes in a second/foreign language is a major challenge faced by many students at both secondary and tertiary levels. This suggests that displaying content knowledge and understanding of a subject through a second language is a very complex process. This article discusses the findings of a longitudinal intervention study that attempted to investigate the impact of writing strategy instruction on writing strategy use and writing performance of a group of undergraduate students following a course in English for Academic Purposes in Sri Lanka. The study used a pre-test post-test experimental research design and the data were collected using multiple methods. The results revealed that the students could be trained to use writing strategies effectively and their writing strategy use and writing performance increased significantly after strategy instruction.
Moving Biopolitics
Authors: Newman Joshua I. , Giardina Michael D.
Published: July 2014

In this article, the authors engage with three emerging debates germane to contemporary biopolitics: (a) How do we advance the critical interrogation of the biopolitics of human movement? (b) How and in what ways might we “move” about (and ideally against) regimes and systems of biopolitical subjectivity? and (c) How might “moving” methods of writing, representation, and performance bring light to contemporary biopolitical struggles, contestations, and power relations?
‘It’s A Social Thing, Not a Nature Thing’: Popular Music Practices in Reykjavík, Iceland
Authors: Prior Nick
Published: July 2014

Over the last three decades, Iceland’s reputation has been increasingly tied to the prominence of its popular music. Associated with an effervescent independent scene and the global successes of the band Sigur Rós and the singer Björk, the country has been positioned as one of the world’s most vibrant cultural hotspots. With particular reference to Reykjavík, the paper aims to show how the city’s spatial configuration favours the development of dense creative networks and attendant forms of knowledge, conflict, diversity and collaboration. It assesses the integrative nature of music education on the island, the formation of a small but influential punk scene and the global marketing of the country’s music through an agile cluster of cultural agencies and intermediaries. Getting a sense of the city’s routine musical practices, it will be argued, opens an aperture on the location of place-based musics within prevailing social and economic conditions.
El Internet como fuente de información sobre la salud: la visión de estudiantes de Andalucía, España
Authors: García Mariano Hernán , Cárdenas Silvia Toro , Piñan Olga Leralta , Trigueros Marina Pérez , Campos Raquel Carrasco , González Carmen Lineros
Published: July 2014

El Internet (la red para usuarios de computadora) puede ser una herramienta útil para adolescentes y jóvenes en la búsqueda y uso de información sobre la salud. Las razones para ello han sido descritas en diversos estudios, sin embargo la confianza en la información disponible en el Internet es variable y persisten necesidades de alfabetización para su uso. Tanto el sistema de salud como el educativo pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental para el asesoramiento de la materia. Es necesario conocer las opiniones que tienen los estudiantes de educación secundaria y de universidad en Andalucía, España, sobre la relación entre el Internet y la salud, el concepto de salud y la imagen que proyecta el Internet y el ‘social media’ (medios o redes sociales electrónicos) con relación a la juventud y su salud. Hemos desarrollado un estudio, usando técnicas de etnografía virtual: hemos consultado a 55 estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria en foros virtuales y a 21 estudiantes universitarios en video entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los estudiantes aportaron un concepto de salud integral, relacionado con los hábitos de salud física y emocional, y con los activos o factores positivos para la salud. Exponen una visión crítica de la utilidad del Internet para la salud, y sobre la calidad y credibilidad de los contenidos de salud en el Internet, manifestando la necesidad de tener asesoramiento y alfabetización. Presentan una opinión alternativa, más positiva que la visión que se da en social media e Internet sobre sus estilos de vida, y sugieren desarrollar al Internet como herramienta para potenciar la conversación participativa y el aprendizaje en salud. La metodología empleada en este estudio puede contribuir a probar nuevas formas de investigación y acción en futuros trabajos sobre la salud con adolescentes y jóvenes en Internet.
Association Between Smoking and Wound Infection Rates Following Calcaneal Fracture Fixation
Authors: Soni Ashish , Vollans Samuel , Malhotra Karan , Mann Christopher
Published: July 2014

Fixation of displaced, intra-articular calcaneal fractures has shown to improve outcome, but wound complications can be devastating for the patient. While smoking remains a factor associated with poor outcome, evidence is still somewhat contradictory. We studied the association of smoking and wound complication after calcaneal fracture fixation. In addition, we evaluated infection rates and association with age of patient, delay in surgery, tourniquet time, and Sanders classification. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a teaching hospital from 2004 to 2011 evaluating a single surgeon series of calcaneal open reduction internal fixation via an extensile lateral approach. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, history preexisting medical comorbidity, smoking status, soft tissue condition, delay in surgery, tourniquet time, presence of superficial or deep infection, and treatment of any infection were noted. Superficial and deep infection rate were 11.6% and 2.9%, respectively. Smokers had an increased rate of 12.5% and 6.25%, respectively. Most infections settled with antibiotics, and only 2 cases required surgical debridement. In conclusion, all the deep infections occurred in smokers whose surgery was delayed for more than 14 days. We found no increase in the rate of wound complications in association with age of patient, Sanders grading, or tourniquet time.

Levels of Evidence: Prognostic Level III, retrospective comparative cohort study
Short-term glutamine supplementation decreases lung inflammation and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products expression in direct acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Chuang Yin-Ching , Shaw Huey-Mei , Chen Chi-Chung , Pan He-Jia , Lai Wei-Chih , Huang Hui-Ling
Published: July 2014

Background

Glutamine (GLN) has been reported to improve clinical and experimental sepsis outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of GLN remain unclear, and may depend upon the route of GLN administration and the model of acute lung injury (ALI) used. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term GLN supplementation had an ameliorative effect on the inflammation induced by direct acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in mice.

Methods

Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, a control group and a GLN group (4.17% GLN supplementation). After a 10-day feeding period, ALI was induced by intratracheal administration of hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0; 2 mL/kg of body weight [BW]) and LPS (5 mg/kg BW). Mice were sacrificed 3 h after ALI challenge. In this early phase of ALI, serum, lungs, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the mice were collected for further analysis.

Results

The results of this study showed that ALI-challenged mice had a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the lung compared with unchallenged mice. Compared with the control group, GLN pretreatment in ALI-challenged mice reduced the levels of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and IL-1β production in BALF, with a corresponding decrease in their mRNA expression. The GLN group also had markedly lower in mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and NADPH oxidase-1.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the benefit of dietary GLN may be partly contributed to an inhibitory effect on RAGE expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines production at an early stage in direct acid and LPS-induced ALI in mice.
Concordance between decision analysis and matching systematic review of randomized controlled trials in assessment of treatment comparisons: a systematic review
Authors: Mhaskar Rahul S , Wao Hesborn , Mahony Helen , Kumar Ambuj , Djulbegovic Benjamin
Published: July 2014

Background

Systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCT) is the gold standard for informing treatment choice. Decision analyses (DA) also play an important role in informing health care decisions. It is unknown how often the results of DA and matching SR of RCTs are in concordance. We assessed whether the results of DA are in concordance with SR of RCTs matched on patient population, intervention, control, and outcomes.

Methods

We searched PubMed up to 2008 for DAs comparing at least two interventions followed by matching SRs of RCTs. Data were extracted on patient population, intervention, control, and outcomes from DAs and matching SRs of RCTs. Data extraction from DAs was done by one reviewer and from SR of RCTs by two independent reviewers.

Results

We identified 28 DAs representing 37 comparisons for which we found matching SR of RCTs. Results of the DAs and SRs of RCTs were in concordance in 73% (27/37) of cases. The sensitivity analyses conducted in either DA or SR of RCTs did not impact the concordance. Use of single (4/37) versus multiple data source (33/37) in design of DA model was statistically significantly associated with concordance between DA and SR of RCTs.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrate the high concordance of current DA models compared with SR of RCTs. It is shown previously that there is 50% concordance between DA and matching single RCT. Our study showing the concordance of 73% between DA and matching SR of RCTs underlines the importance of totality of evidence (i.e. SR of RCTs) in the design of DA models and in general medical decision-making.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the thigh without bone involvement: a case report
Authors: Lin Jun , Liu Hao , Zhuang Yin , Yang Peng , Zheng Yifei , Yang Yan , Yang Huilin
Published: July 2014

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare, and those located in the extremities without bone involvement are even rarer. We present the case of a 61-year-old Chinese male patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the right thigh. It was excised and a histopathologic examination revealed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. This case is presented by virtue of its rare location.
Redistribution of elements of metals in plant tissues under treatment by non-ionic colloidal solution of biogenic metal nanoparticles
Authors: Taran Nataliya , Batsmanova Ludmila , Konotop Yevheniya , Okanenko Alexander
Published: July 2014

The content of metal elements in plant tissues of 10-day wheat seedlings after seed pre-treatment and foliar treatment with non-ionic colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. It was shown that metal nanoparticles due to their physical properties (nanoscale and uncharged state) were capable of penetrating rapidly into plant cells and optimizing plant metabolic processes at the early stages of growth and development.
The role of total and cartilage-specific estrogen receptor alpha expression for the ameliorating effect of estrogen treatment on arthritis
Authors: Engdahl Cecilia , Börjesson Anna E , Forsman Huamei F , Andersson Annica , Stubelius Alexandra , Krust Andree , Chambon Pierre , Islander Ulrika , Ohlsson Claes , Carlsten Hans , Lagerquist Marie K
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Estrogen (E2) delays onset and decreases severity of experimental arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of total estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression and cartilage-specific ERα expression in genetically modified mice for the ameliorating effect of estrogen treatment in experimental arthritis.

Methods

Mice with total (total ERα-/-) or cartilage-specific (Col2α1-ERα-/-) inactivation of ERα and wild-type (WT) littermates were ovariectomized, treated with E2 or placebo, and induced with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). At termination, knees were collected for histology, synovial and splenic cells were investigated by using flow cytometry, and splenic cells were subjected to a T-cell proliferation assay.

Results

E2 decreased synovitis and joint destruction in WT mice. Amelioration of arthritis was associated with decreased frequencies of inflammatory cells in synovial tissue and decreased splenic T-cell proliferation. E2 did not affect synovitis or joint destruction in total ERα-/- mice. In Col2α1-ERα-/- mice, E2 protected against joint destruction to a similar extent as in WT mice. In contrast, E2 did not significantly ameliorate synovitis in Col2α1-ERα-/- mice.

Conclusions

Treatment with E2 ameliorates both synovitis and joint destruction in ovariectomized mice with AIA via ERα. This decreased severity in arthritis is associated with decreased synovial inflammatory cell frequencies and reduced splenic T-cell proliferation. ERα expression in cartilage is not required for estrogenic amelioration of joint destruction. However, our data indicate that ERα expression in cartilage is involved in estrogenic effects on synovitis, suggesting different mechanisms for the amelioration of joint destruction and synovitis by E2.
Development of antibiotic treatment algorithms based on local ecology and respiratory surveillance cultures to restrict the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis
Authors: De Bus Liesbet , Saerens Lies , Gadeyne Bram , Boelens Jerina , Claeys Geert , De Waele Jan J , Benoit Dominique D , Decruyenaere Johan , Depuydt Pieter O
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy has been shown to improve outcome in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Empirical treatment guidelines tailored to local ecology have been advocated in antibiotic stewardship programs. We compared a local ecology based algorithm (LEBA) to a surveillance culture based algorithm (SCBA) in terms of appropriate coverage and spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed 2 hypothetical empirical antibiotic treatment algorithms for HAP on an existing high-quality prospectively collected database in a mixed 36-bed tertiary intensive care unit (ICU). Data on consecutive episodes of microbiologically confirmed HAP were collected over a period of 40 months and divided in a derivation (1 July 2009 to 31 October 2010) and validation (1 November 2010 until 31 October 2012) cohort. On the derivation cohort we constructed a LEBA, based on overall observed bacterial resistance patterns, and a SCBA, which targeted therapy to surveillance culture (SC) in the individual patient. Therapy was directed against pathogens found in respiratory SC collected two to five days before HAP, and in the absence of these, presence or absence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens in other SC dictated broad-spectrum, respectively narrow spectrum antibiotic therapy. Subsequently, LEBA and SCBA were retrospectively reviewed and compared with actually prescribed antibiotics in the validation cohort.

Results

The first 100 HAP episodes made up the derivation cohort and the subsequent 113 HAP episodes the validation cohort. Appropriate antibiotic coverage rates by applying LEBA and SCBA were 88.5% and 87.6%, respectively, and did not differ significantly with respect to appropriateness of the actually prescribed initial therapy (84.1%). SCBA proposed more narrow spectrum therapy as compared to LEBA and the actually prescribed antimicrobials (P <0.001). SCBA recommended significantly less combination therapy and carbapenems compared to LEBA (P <0.001). SCBA targeted antibiotics to recent respiratory SC in 38.1% (43 out of 113 episodes) of HAP; in these cases adequacy was 93% (40 out of 43).

Conclusion

Rates of appropriate antimicrobial coverage were identical in LEBA and SCBA. However, in this setting of moderate MDR prevalence, the use of SCBA would result in a significant reduction of the use of broad-spectrum drugs and may be a preferential strategy when implementing antibiotic stewardship programs.
Enhanced luminescence intensity of novel red-emitting phosphor -Sr3Lu2(BO3)4:Bi3+,Eu3+ via energy transfer
Authors: Maggay Irish Valerie B , Lin Pin-Chun , Liu Wei-Ren
Published: July 2014

Bi3+/Eu3+ co-activated Sr3Lu2(BO3)4 was successfully synthesized via a solid state reaction. The optimal concentration of Bi3+,Eu3+ and Bi3+/Eu3+ are 1 mol%, 60 mol% and 1 mol%/20 mol%, respectively. The emission spectra of Sr3Lu2(BO3)4:Bi3+, Eu3+ gives three peaks located at 405 nm, 489 nm which were attributed to Bi3+ S6 (blue) and C2 (green) site symmetry, respectively and 610 nm which was ascribed to Eu3+ (5D0 → 7 F2) transition. The emission intensity of Bi3+ decreases with increasing Eu3+ content which indicates that a efficient energy transfer occurred in the Sr3Lu2(BO3)4 host. The relative intensity of Sr3Lu1.79(BO3)4:0.01Bi3+,0.20Eu3+ excited at 327 nm and 370 nm was remarkably enhanced by 201% and 265%, respectively, via the energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+. The results indicate that Sr3Lu2(BO3)4:Bi3+, Eu3+ is a potential novel red-emitting phosphor for UV LED applications.
Differences in Parent-Provider Concordance Regarding Prognosis and Goals of Care Among Children With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Rosenberg Abby R. , Orellana Liliana , Kang Tammy I. , Geyer J. Russell , Feudtner Chris , Dussel Veronica , Wolfe Joanne
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Concordance between parents of children with advanced cancer and health care providers has not been described. We aimed to describe parent-provider concordance regarding prognosis and goals of care, including differences by cancer type.

Patients and Methods

A total of 104 pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory cancer were enrolled at three large children's hospitals. On enrollment, their parents and providers were invited to complete a survey assessing perceived prognosis and goals of care. Patients' survival status was retrospectively abstracted from medical records. Concordance was assessed via discrepancies in perceived prognosis, κ statistics, and McNemar's test. Distribution of categorical variables and survival rates across cancer type were compared with Fisher's exact and log-rank tests, respectively.

Results

Data were available from 77 dyads (74% of enrolled). Parent-provider agreement regarding prognosis and goals of care was poor (κ, 0.12 to 0.30). Parents were more likely to report cure was likely (P < .001). The frequency of perceived likelihood of cure and the goal of cure varied by cancer type for both parents and providers (P < .001 to .004). Relatively optimistic responses were more common among parents and providers of patients with hematologic malignancies, although there were no differences in survival.

Conclusion

Parent-provider concordance regarding prognosis and goals in advanced pediatric cancer is generally poor. Perceptions of prognosis and goals of care vary by cancer type. Understanding these differences may inform parent-provider communication and decision making.
BRAF V600E and TERT Promoter Mutations Cooperatively Identify the Most Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Highest Recurrence
Authors: Xing Mingzhao , Liu Rengyun , Liu Xiaoli , Murugan Avaniyapuram Kannan , Zhu Guangwu , Zeiger Martha A. , Pai Sara , Bishop Justin
Published: July 2014

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of the BRAF V600E mutation and the recently identified TERT promoter mutation chr5:1,295,228C>T (C228T), individually and in their coexistence, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective study of the relationship of BRAF and TERT C228T mutations with clinicopathologic outcomes of PTC in 507 patients (365 women and 142 men) age 45.9 ± 14.0 years (mean ± SD) with a median follow-up of 24 months (interquartile range, 8 to 78 months).

Results

Coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT C228T mutations were more commonly associated with high-risk clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC than they were individually. Tumor recurrence rates were 25.8% (50 of 194;77.60 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 58.81 to 102.38) versus 9.6% (30 of 313; 22.88 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 16.00 to 32.72) in BRAF mutation–positive versus –negative patients (hazard ratio [HR], 3.22; 95% CI, 2.05 to 5.07) and 47.5% (29 of 61; 108.55 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 75.43 to 156.20) versus 11.4% (51 of 446; 30.21 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 22.96 to 39.74) in TERT mutation–positive versus –negative patients (HR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.19 to 5.45). Recurrence rates were 68.6% (24 of 35; 211.76 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 141.94 to 315.94) versus 8.7% (25 of 287; 21.60 recurrences per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 14.59 to 31.97) in patients harboring both mutations versus patients harboring neither mutation (HR, 8.51; 95% CI, 4.84 to 14.97), which remained significant after clinicopathologic cofactor adjustments. Disease-free patient survival curves displayed a moderate decline with BRAF V600E or TERT C228T alone but a sharp decline with two coexisting mutations.

Conclusion

Coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT C228T mutations form a novel genetic background that defines PTC with the worst clinicopathologic outcomes, providing unique prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Experimental Investigation on the Aerodynamics of a Bio-Inspired Flexible Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle
Authors: Deng Shuanghou , Percin Mustafa , van Oudheusden Bas , Remes Bart , Bijl Hester
Published: July 2014

An experimental investigation on a 10 cm bio-inspired flexible Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV) was conducted in both hovering and forward-flight conditions with the objective to characterize its aerodynamic performance. The measurements in hovering conditions were performed with the particular objective to explore the effect of different wing configurations (i.e. different aspect ratios and wing flexibilities), whereas forward flight tests in a wind tunnel were carried out to assess the aerodynamic performance of the FWMAV as a function of flow speed, flapping frequency and body angle. The cyclic variation of forces (lift and thrust) generated as a result of the wing flapping was captured by means of a high-resolution force sensor, in combination with high-speed imaging to track the wing motion. Results of measurements in hover show that the flapping frequency, aspect ratio and wing flexibility have a crucial impact on the efficiency and the force generation during the flapping cycle. An estimated flight envelop for the MAV's operation is defined from the data obtained in the wind tunnel measurements. Furthermore, additional tests on several brushless DC motors provide a feasible option in future engine selection and design.
Wing/Wall Aerodynamic Interactions in Free Flying, Maneuvering MAVS
Authors: Geyman Matthew , Altman Aaron , Parker Gregory
Published: July 2014

Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) surveillance in the urban environment involves many aerodynamic hazards such as flying in close proximity to walls. The aerodynamic interactions between a maneuvering MAV's wingtip vortex and its proximity to a building wall could potentially affect the MAV's flight controls. The present study investigates the magnitude of this interaction using a fixed wing MAV vehicle in free flight particle image velocimetry (PIV) and wind tunnel testing. Elliptical instabilities in the wingtip vortex near the wall are discovered in the PIV testing while the wind tunnel results show an increase in aircraft lift coefficient near the wall. In extremely close proximity to the wall, it induces a slight rolling moment on the airplane. A MAV may need to anticipate this behavior and adjust its flight controls to successfully complete its mission in an urban environment.
Parameter Optimization Using GA in SVM to Predict Damage Level of Non-Reshaped Berm Breakwater
Authors: Harish N. , Lokesha N. , Mandal S. , Rao Subba , Patil S.G.
Published: July 2014

In the present study, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and hybrid of Genetic Algorithm (GA) with SVM models are developed to predict the damage level of non-reshaped berm breakwaters. Optimal kernel parameters of SVM are determined by using GA algorithm. The models are trained and tested on the data set obtained from the experiments which were carried out at Marine Structures Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India. The results of SVM and GA-SVM models are compared in terms of statistical measures like correlation coefficient, root mean square error and scatter index. The results on SVM and GA-SVM models reveals that the performance of GA-SVM is better compared to SVM models in predicting the damage level of non-reshaped berm breakwater.
Asymptotic Analysis of Sloshing in a Rectangular Tank
Authors: Saravanan G , Sannasiraj S.A. , Sundar V
Published: July 2014

An Asymptotic solution of liquid sloshing motion in a rectangular tank is presented based on the potential flow theory. A rectangular tank is excited harmonically, in the sway and heave modes. The Stokes perturbation theory is used to resolve the boundary value problem. The perturbed problem reduces to the non-homogeneous Mathieu's equation in the case of coupled harmonic excitations, which induces the sloshing motion subjected to parametric rolling of the tank. Lindstedt-Poincare’ method is used to determine the stable solution of the Mathieu's equation.
Reproducible combinatorial regulatory networks elucidate novel oncogenic microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mitra Ramkrishna , Edmonds Mick D. , Sun Jingchun , Zhao Min , Yu Hui , Eischen Christine M. , Zhao Zhongming
Published: July 2014

While previous studies reported aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), little is known about which miRNAs play central roles in NSCLC's pathogenesis and its regulatory mechanisms. To address this issue, we presented a robust computational framework that integrated matched miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in NSCLC using feed-forward loops. The network consists of miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and their common predicted target genes. To discern the biological meaning of their associations, we introduced the direction of regulation. A network edge validation strategy using three independent NSCLC expression profiling data sets pinpointed reproducible biological regulations. Reproducible regulation, which may reflect the true molecular interaction, has not been applied to miRNA–TF co-regulatory network analyses in cancer or other diseases yet. We revealed eight hub miRNAs that connected to a higher proportion of targets validated by independent data sets. Network analyses showed that these miRNAs might have strong oncogenic characteristics. Furthermore, we identified a novel miRNA–TF co-regulatory module that potentially suppresses the tumor suppressor activity of the TGF-β pathway by targeting a core pathway molecule (TGFBR2). Follow-up experiments showed two miRNAs (miR-9-5p and miR-130b-3p) in this module had increased expression while their target geneTGFBR2had decreased expression in a cohort of human NSCLC. Moreover, we demonstrated these two miRNAs directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region ofTGFBR2. This study enhanced our understanding of miRNA–TF co-regulatory mechanisms in NSCLC. The combined bioinformatics and validation approach we described can be applied to study other types of diseases.
Conditioning factors of consolidation phase in the cooperation networks: a case study of Brazilian Wine Industry
Authors: Zancan Claudio , Santos Paulo da Cruz Freire dos , Costa Antônio Carlos Silva , Da Cruz Nicholas Joseph Tavares
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the conditioning factors in the process of consolidation of Associação dos Produtores de Vinhos Finos do Vale dos Vinhedos (APROVALE). The theoretical basis used organizational approaches that define the concept of cooperation network as a coordination strategy of inter-organizational resources oriented around shared goals. The research comprises two studies: documentary analysis and interviews. The conclusions indicated that achieving economies of scale and enhanced competitiveness were the main conditioning factors in this network consolidation process. Further studies are recommended analyzing the evolution of cooperation networks in others Brazilian industries as well as the study of conditioning factors present in different analysis levels such personal and organizational.DOI: 10.12660/joscmv7n1p15-29URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv7n1p15-29
Dyad Buyer-Supplier and its Relation to Financial Performance
Authors: Mondini Luis Cesar , Machado Denise Del Prá Netto , Scarpin Marcia Regina Santiago
Published: July 2014

This study aims to raise which practices of buyer-supplier dyad are related to the financial performance of the manufacturing industry in Brazil. Based of 174 Brazilian companies and a total of 312 respondents, the analysis use CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) to validate the measurement of constructs and multiple regressions to analyze the relationship between practices of buyer-supplier dyad and financial performance. Our results showed a positive relationship dimension--strategic sourcing and buyer-supplier relationships--with the company's financial performance. However, the supplier evaluation system showed no statistically significant relationship. The findings reinforce the lack of formalization in the buyer-supplier relationship, a situation that often hinders the development of a long-term relationship. The lack of systematic evaluations of supplier performance can generate insecurity in the relationship, since historical actions taken by suppliers could serve as a criterion of choice in a future negotiation. As practical contributed to this study, it is expected that managers understand the importance of buyer-supplier relationship to the company's financial performance.DOI: 10.12660/joscmv7n1p30-46URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv7n1p30-46
The putative mechanisms underlying testosterone and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Maganty Avinash , Kovac Jason R. , Ramasamy Ranjith
Published: July 2014

The use of testosterone supplementation therapy (TST) is increasing primarily in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. While TST has been shown to have numerous benefits, as its use increases, the role on cardiovascular health must be explored. Previous evidence showed no adverse cardiovascular risks associated with TST use; however, more recent studies suggest that there may be an associated risk. The exact mechanism by which TST may contribute to cardiovascular risk has not been elucidated. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed which include testosterone’s effect on thromboxane A2 receptors, vascular adhesion molecule 1 receptors, erythropoiesis, and obstructive sleep apnea, all of which can ultimately lead to atherogenesis and increased cardiovascular risk.
Characteristic of labour potential of Primosrsky Krai
Authors: Дроздова  , Drozdova Ekaterina , Палагутина  , Palagutina N. , Мельникова  , Melnikova Marina
Published: July 2014

Study of labor potential most actually from a line item of an assessment of implementation of potential of the person in the given working conditions as gives a certain idea of the strong and weaknesses of control of regional development as a whole.

The characteristic of labor potential is provided in this article taking into account two pacing factors of its formation and development: 1) human potential (potential of human development), 2) potential of regional social and economic subsystems. Authors gave detail statistical data across Primorsky Krai, the population characterizing a standard of living, expected life expectancy in case of the birth, a health care status, an education level — indexes which define component values of an index of the human development, published in the annual report «About human development in the Russian Federation».

The assessment of perspectives and threats of reproduction of labor capacity of Primorsky Krai has the high practical significance. Special attention is deserved by calculation of security of strategy of social and economic development of Primorsky Krai made by authors till 2025 human resources.

Support of the high level of quality of life of the population is offered As the main action for increase of use and development of labor potential of the researched region.
The Doctrine of Incapability and the Emperor's New Clothes: A Protected Defendant or Non-Existent Offences?
Authors: Warburton Damian
Published: July 2014

The doctrine of incapability was a, now abolished, centuries-old presumption that a boy under 14 years of age was unable to commit an offence that required that he be an agent participant in an act of sexual intercourse. Rape, unlawful sexual intercourse, buggery, and offences of incestuous sexual intercourse were all unavailable to the prosecutor if D was under 14. Although abolished, the practical application of the doctrine is by no means dead, as shown by its appearance in R v J.OC (2012). It is likely that future historical prosecutions will throw it up yet again. Judges and scholars have often assumed that the ridiculous effect of the doctrine was eradicated by the revision of the law on attempt in 1981, even before the doctrine itself was disposed of by s. 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 1993, and the courts have sometimes circumvented application of the doctrine by convicting for indecent assault instead. This article will show that they were all wrong and, should another defendant come to trial accused of relevant offences, then, however distasteful the proposition is, we must accept that defendant's acquittal.
Who Is Using Long‐Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods? Findings from Nine Low‐Fertility Countries
Authors: Eeckhaut Mieke C. W. , Sweeney Megan M. , Gipson Jessica D.
Published: July 2014

CONTEXT

Long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods—IUDs and implants—are more effective than other reversible methods, yet are little used in the United States. Examining which U.S. women use LARC methods and how they differ from users in other low‐fertility countries may help point the way toward increasing use.

METHODS

Data from married or cohabiting women participating in the National Survey of Family Growth (2008–2010) and in eight countries’ Generations and Gender Programme surveys (2004–2010) were used in bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses examining LARC use within each setting.

RESULTS

The proportion of contraceptive use accounted for by LARC methods was generally greater in Europe (10–32%) than in the United States (10%) and Australia (7%). Compared with LARC use among comparable groups in other countries, use was particularly low among U.S. women who were married, were aged 40–44 or had had three or more children, yet was comparatively high among 18–24‐year‐olds. Among U.S. women, those aged 35–39 or 40–44 were more likely than 18–29‐year‐olds to rely on sterilization rather than on LARC methods (odds ratios, 3.0 and 10.7, respectively), those who had had three or more children were more likely to do so than were those who had had none or one (4.9), and women who had completed college were less likely than those who had not finished high school to do so (0.4).

CONCLUSIONS

Certain subgroups of U.S. women may benefit from the reversibility and effectiveness of LARC methods.
Qāt Consumption in Soqotra: Diaspora Formation and Cultural Conversion
Authors: Elie Serge D.
Published: July 2014

This article presents the first study of a recently incorporated destination in the diffusion of a qāt chewing culture as part of a process of diaspora formation among economic migrants from mainland Yemen to Soqotra Island. Soqotra as a sub-national entity of Yemen is subject to its sociocultural influences. The article focuses on one particular manifestation of these influences, namely qāt chewing, which is leading to a gradual process of cultural conversion among an increasing proportion of the island’s urban population. This process is discussed in terms of the main domains in which its local effects are manifested: the urban milieu as a generative matrix of consumption; the nature of local market politics that regulate supply and demand; the rituals of consumption and their ramifications on islander/mainlander relations; the transformation of the communal ethos of sociability; the policy dilemmas of the local government. Finally, the article concludes with an assessment of the adequacy of the liberal policy orthodoxy for regulating qāt in Soqotra, and of the likely future of qāt consumption among Soqotran youths.