bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation of Tension and Shear Capacities of New Headed Cast-in Specialty Inserts in Cracked Concrete
Authors: Jeong Sang-Deock , Oh Chang-Soo , Lee Chang-Hwan
Published: July 2023

Headed cast-in specialty inserts are often developed and employed for their improved constructability and time-saving benefits over traditional cast-in and post-installed anchors. Their acceptance criteria (AC 446) were established by The International Code Council Evaluation Service. However, previous research on the behavioral characteristics of headed specialty inserts is rare. This study investigates the performance of a newly developed insert anchor for use as an earthquake-resistant anchor for fire protection systems and suspended lightweight piping. Firstly, three cyclic tension tests of the specialty insert with a threaded rod were conducted in accordance with AC 446. These tests resulted in all experimental subjects achieving the target strength without defects. Subsequently, monotonic tension and shear tests of the insert anchor in cracked concrete were performed five times each to assess the tensile and shear capacities of the new insert anchor. The results were compared with the nominal strength determined by the anchor design equation provided by the ACI 318 for cast-in headed anchors, finding that the latter adequately approximates the concrete breakout strength of the new insert anchor in tension but underestimates the concrete pryout strength in shear. Based on the measured breakout failure surface angles, a projected area of the failure cone of the corresponding anchor with a relatively large head size is proposed.
MRI-based radiomic prognostic signature for locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: development, testing and comparison with genomic prognostic signatures
Authors: Corti Anna , De Cecco Loris , Cavalieri Stefano , Lenoci Deborah , Pistore Federico , Calareso Giuseppina , Mattavelli Davide , de Graaf Pim , Leemans C. René , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Ravanelli Marco , Poli Tito , Licitra Lisa , Corino Valentina , Mainardi Luca
Published: July 2023

Background

. At present, the prognostic prediction in advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is based on the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, and the most used imaging modality in these patients is magnetic resonance image (MRI). With the aim to improve the prediction, we developed an MRI-based radiomic signature as a prognostic marker for overall survival (OS) in OCSCC patients and compared it with published gene expression signatures for prognosis of OS in head and neck cancer patients, replicated herein on our OCSCC dataset.

Methods

For each patient, 1072 radiomic features were extracted from T1 and T2-weighted MRI (T1w and T2w). Features selection was performed, and an optimal set of five of them was used to fit a Cox proportional hazard regression model for OS. The radiomic signature was developed on a multi-centric locally advanced OCSCC retrospective dataset (n = 123) and validated on a prospective cohort (n = 108).

Results

The performance of the signature was evaluated in terms of C-index (0.68 (IQR 0.66–0.70)), hazard ratio (HR 2.64 (95% CI 1.62–4.31)), and high/low risk group stratification (log-rank p < 0.001, Kaplan-Meier curves). When tested on a multi-centric prospective cohort (n = 108), the signature had a C-index of 0.62 (IQR 0.58–0.64) and outperformed the clinical and pathologic TNM stage and six out of seven gene expression prognostic signatures. In addition, the significant difference of the radiomic signature between stages III and IVa/b in patients receiving surgery suggests a potential association of MRI features with the pathologic stage.

Conclusions

Overall, the present study suggests that MRI signatures, containing non-invasive and cost-effective remarkable information, could be exploited as prognostic tools.
Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments promotes therapy of critical limb ischemia
Authors: Park Gyu Tae , Lim Jae Kyung , Choi Eun-Bae , Lim Mi-Ju , Yun Bo-Young , Kim Dae Kyoung , Yoon Jung Won , Hong Yoon Gi , Chang Jae Hoon , Bae Seong Hwan , Ahn Jung Yong , Kim Jae Ho
Published: July 2023

Background

Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are functional vessel segments derived from arterioles, capillaries, and veins. Microvascular fragments can be used as vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. However, the in vivo therapeutic and vascularization properties of human microvascular fragments have not been investigated.

Methods

In this study, we isolated microvascular fragments, stromal vascular fractions, and mesenchymal stem cells from human lipoaspirate and studied their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo vasculogenic activity in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. In addition, in vivo angiogenic activity and engraftment of microvascular fragments into blood vessels were measured using Matrigel plug assay.

Results

Both microvascular fragments and stromal vascular fractions contain not only mesenchymal stem cells but also endothelial progenitor cells. In a Matrigel plug assay, microvascular fragments increased the number of blood vessels containing red blood cells more than mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions did. The engraftment of the microvascular fragments transplanted in blood vessels within the Matrigel plug significantly increased compared to the engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions. Moreover, intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis compared to that of mesenchymal stem cells or stromal vascular fractions. Furthermore, transplanted microvascular fragments formed new blood vessels in ischemic limbs.

Conclusions

These results suggest that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering.

Graphical Abstract

Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. Intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis. The present study suggests that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering.
Burnout and anxiety among parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrahili Nader
Published: July 2023

Background

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are disabilities in brain functioning that cause impairments in cognition, communication, behavior, and sometimes motor skills. The goal of this study was to measure burnout and anxiety among parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders compared to parents of children with typical development in Saudi Arabia.

Results

Four hundred twenty-five parents of healthy and parents of children with NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), and their parents. Parents of children with NDD had more anxiety and burnout relative to parents of typically developing children, and parents of children with ADHD experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression than parents of children with ASD or ID.

Conclusion

Parents of children with various neurodevelopmental disorders face a greater degree of psychological distress than parents of typically developing children. Parents of children with NDDs should be provided with interventions and resources to reduce stress and enhance their standard of living.
Laparoscopic-assisted versus complete transanal pull-through using Swenson technique in treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Fakhry Tamer , Rabee Ahmed , Lolah Magdy , Nabil Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Background

The aim of this study is to compare outcomes for neonates and infants with Hirschsprung’s disease undergoing a laparoscopically assisted transanal pull-through (LAPT) with those undergoing a complete transanal pull-through (TERPT) using Swenson procedure in both groups.

Method

Forty patients with Hirschsprung’s disease were operated between January 2018 and January 2022. Twenty patients underwent transanal endorectal pull through TERPT while the other 20 patients underwent laparoscopic assisted pull through (LAPT) using Swenson procedure (TERPT) in both groups.

Age at operation, presenting symptoms, operative time complications, and degree of continence were evaluated. Bowel functions were assessed using the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score.

Results

The mean age of the patients at the time of operation were 18.9 months for the transanal group versus 21.3 months for the laparoscopic group. The mean follow-up period was 6 months, ranging from 3 to 12 months. The rate of enterocolitis occurred in 15% of cases in transanal group versus 10% of cases in the laparoscopic group. Constipation was found in 25% of cases of TERPT group versus 10% of cases in the LAPT group. The rates of normal continence (score 0:4) was 60% vs 50% for TERPT vs LAPT respectively while the rate of severe incontinence (score 15:20) was 20% vs 5% for TERPT vs LAPT respectively.

Conclusion

The functional outcomes after LAPT was satisfactory in term of fecal soiling compared to trans anal approach this may be due to less pelvic dissection compared to transanal pull through.
A Novel CRYBB2 Silent Variant in Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts (ADCC) in Pakistani families
Authors: Hussain Maryam , Muhammad Khushi , Khan Muhammad , Ud Din Aziz
Published: July 2023

Objective: Congenital Cataract is a type of ophthalmic genetic disorder that appears at birth or in early childhood. Among 30 genes, CRYBB2 is one of the most common and a water-soluble protein of lens’s that code for the βB2-crystallin. This study aimed to investigate the novel silent mutation in CRYBB2 of exon six in the Pakistani families of Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts (ADCC).

Methods: It is a family-based study that presents three to five-generations of two Pakistani families. Data and blood samples from the families were collected from January to August 2019 from LRBT (Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust) Hospital, Mansehra, Pakistan. We only included patients >15 years old. Before enrollment in the current study, each patient obtained a thorough optical examination. Samples were moved to the molecular lab using the collection and storage method. The phenol-chloroform technique was used to extract the DNA. The technique of Sanger sequencing was used to find any potential mutation in some of the selected families. Statistical and bioinformatics analysis were carried out.

Results: By using bioinformatics tools, the novel silent mutation was identified. Heterozygous silent mutation of CRYBB2 of exon 6 (c. 495G>A) was detected by the alignment of sequences. Computational prediction program did not predict the silent mutation.

Conclusion: This study investigated a novel important sequence variant in the beta-crystalline protein that causes autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC) in Pakistani families. Thus, our study enlarges the CRYBB2 mutation spectrum and associated phenotypes to help clinical diagnosis of human genetic diseases.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7061

How to cite this: Hussain M, Muhammad K, Khan M, Aziz Ud Din. A Novel CRYBB2 Silent Variant in Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts (ADCC) in Pakistani families. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7061

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Undergraduate research in medical schools in Pakistan: Relevance, Needs, and Importance
Authors: Burney Asif Ali , Burney Ikram Ali , Dherwani Kabir
Published: July 2023

Recent trends in medical education demand practicing physicians to be competent in playing multiple roles. Life-long learning skills underpinned by research & scholarly activity will enable them to play these roles adequately. Therefore, the introduction of structured training in research during early undergraduate years is pivotal. This would enable trainee physicians to develop essential skills; the institutions will grow in terms of visibility & ranking; the trainers and supervisors will be satisfied in terms of research productivity and, most importantly the patients will benefit in terms of improved clinical outcomes.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7137

How to cite this: Burney AA, Burney IA, Dherwani K. Undergraduate research in medical schools in Pakistan: Relevance, Needs, and Importance. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7137

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene towards alfa-functionalized polystyrene latex: parameters and process conditions
Authors: Tercki Dariusz , Orlińska Beata , Słotwińska Dominika , Sajdak Marcin
Published: July 2023

Polymerization conditions in the Pickering emulsion of colloidal silica-stabilized polystyrene latex were optimized. The influence of process conditions on various parameters, including particle size and distribution was investigated. Monomodal particles distribution was obtained by conducting the process at a temperature of 80°C in a slightly acidic environment (pH = 5), while maintaining fast monomer conversion. It has been shown that the amount of stabilizer used in the polymerization process affects the rate of polymerization, therefore the temperature of the process should be adjusted to the amount of colloidal silica used in the process.
Wpływ dodatków uniepalniających na bazie Sb2O3 na palność PVC
Authors: Kurta Sergiy , Shevchenko А. Olga , Khatsevich Olga , Fedorchenko Sofia , Riy Volodymyr , Givel Solomia
Published: July 2023

Zbadano handlowe dodatki uniepalniające na bazie Sb2O3. Wykazują one działanie akceptorowe, termostabilizujące i uniepalniające na linoleum z PVC. Na podstawie spektroskopii IR, analizy DTA, dyfrakcji oraz analizy fluorescencji rentgenowskiej stwierdzono, że jedna z próbek zawiera 100% Sb2O3, natomiast pozostałe zawierają mikrokrystaliczny CaCO3 (50-95%) oraz inne związki np. chloroorganiczne i węglowodory. Mechanizm uniepalniania linoleum z PVC polega na synergicznym działaniu Sb2O3 i CaСО3 poprzez wiązanie gazowego chlorowodoru powstającego podczas spalania i rozkładu termicznego PVC.
Economic Ability as a Kafā'ah Principle and the Recognition of Difabel Marriage Guardian in As-Silāḥ fī Bayāni An-Nikāḥ by Khalil Al-Bangkalany
Authors: Zuhriyah Lailatul , Muna Nailal
Published: July 2023

Fuqaha (Islamic jurists) have extensively deliberated upon the notions of kafā'ah and marriage guardianship. Many subsequent scholars have adopted and adapted the opinions of their predecessors concerning these two concepts. This article examines Al-Bangkalany's perspectives on kafā'ah and marriage guardianship as presented in his book As-Silāḥ fī Bayāni An-Nikāḥ. Within this work, Al-Bangkalany's viewpoint on kafā'ah and marriage guardianship is considered distinct. The contents of this article are the outcome of a comprehensive literature review, involving the analysis of the concepts of kafā'ah and marriage guardianship within the book As-Silāḥ fī Bayāni An-Nikāḥ. According to Al-Bangkalany, the notion of kafā'ah, as portrayed in fiqh literature, does not serve as the primary criterion for selecting a bride. Instead, the pivotal principle revolves around the groom's ability to adequately provide for the family's needs. Furthermore, Al-Bangkalany argues that individuals with disabilities, such as blindness, deafness, or muteness, can assume the role of marriage guardians after receiving suitable assistance. The intellectual capacity of the guardian, on the other hand, does not determine their eligibility for the role of marriage guardian.[Para fuqaha telah mendiskusikan konsep kafā'ah dan wali nikah. Pendapat-pendapat fuqaha tersebut biasanya diapropriasi oleh ulama-ulama belakangan baik dengan atau tanpa memodernisasi konsep tersebut. Artikel ini mengkaji pendapat Al-Bangkalany tentang kafā'ah dan wali perkawinan dalam kitabnya As-Silāḥ fī Bayāni An-Nikāḥ. Dalam buku tersebut, ia dianggap memiliki pandangan tentang Kafā'ah dan wali nikah yang unik. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Data dikumpulkan dengan menelaah konsep kafā'ah dan wali nikah dalam buku Al-Bangkalany As-Silāḥ fī Bayāni An-Nikāḥ. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa, menurut Al-Bangkalany, konsep kafā’ah sebagaimana dalam berbagai kitab fikih bukanlah patokan utama dalam memilih pasangan. Namun prinsip utama yang perlu ditegaskan adalah calon mempelai pria harus memiliki kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga setelah pernikahan dilangsungkan. Sedangkan tentang wali nikah, Al-Bangkalany berpendapat bahwa penyandang disabilitas (buta, tuli, dan bisu) dapat menjadi wali nikah dengan bantuan sarana pendukung. Wali nikah juga tidak ditentukan dari pengetahuan intelektual sang wali.]
MANAGING ‘BALIGH’ IN FOUR MUSLIM COUNTRIES: Egypt, Tunisia, Pakistan, and Indonesia on the Minimum Age for Marriage
Authors: Ropei Ahmad , Huda Miftachul , Alijaya Adudin , Fadhil Fakhry , Zulfa Fitria
Published: July 2023

In Islamic law, the concept of baligh has long been debated among clerics. The debate also appears to have resulted in different rules regarding the minimum age of marriage among Muslim countries. This paper aims to reveal the maturity standard regarding the minimum age of marriage in four Muslim countries: Egypt, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Indonesia. This paper is based on library research and employs a comparative study approach. This paper argues that Egypt, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Indonesia have a different minimum age for marriage. In Egypt and Pakistan, the minimum age for marriage is 18 years for men and 16 years for women. However, Pakistan has gone further by instituting legal sanctions if the regulation of the minimum age is violated. In Tunisia, the minimum age for marriage is 18 years for men and women, while in Indonesia it is 19 years for men and women. The determination of the minimum age for marriage is intended for several purposes, including limiting the number of early marriages, reducing the divorce rate, and preparing a strong national generation through the maturity of the marriage age. These interests, from the perspective of Islamic law, are the manifestation of the principle of maslahah (fundamentally aimed at achieving goodness and rejecting harm concerning marital life).[Dalam hukum Islam, konsep balig sudah lama diperdebatkan di kalangan ulama. Perdebatan tersebut juga tampaknya telah menghasilkan aturan yang berbeda mengenai usia minimum pernikahan di antara negara-negara Muslim. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan standar kedewasaan mengenai usia minimum menikah di empat negara Muslim: Mesir, Pakistan, Tunisia, dan Indonesia. Makalah ini didasarkan pada penelitian kepustakaan dan menggunakan pendekatan studi komparatif. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa Mesir, Pakistan, Tunisia, dan Indonesia memiliki perbedaan usia minimum untuk menikah. Di Mesir dan Pakistan, usia minimum untuk menikah adalah 18 tahun untuk laki-laki dan 16 tahun untuk perempuan. Namun, Pakistan telah melangkah lebih jauh dengan memberikan sanksi hukum jika peraturan usia minimum dilanggar. Di Tunisia, usia minimum untuk menikah adalah 18 tahun untuk pria dan wanita, sedangkan di Indonesia adalah 19 tahun untuk pria dan wanita. Penetapan usia minimal menikah dimaksudkan untuk beberapa tujuan, antara lain membatasi jumlah pernikahan dini, menekan angka perceraian, dan mempersiapkan generasi bangsa yang kuat melalui pendewasaan usia pernikahan. Kepentingan-kepentingan tersebut, dalam perspektif hukum Islam, merupakan manifestasi dari prinsip maslahah (menarik kebaikan dan menolak keburukan dalam kehidupan berumah tangga).]
The Golden Era for Nursing Research in Jordan: A Model for the Arab World
Authors:   The University of Jordan, Mustafa Ahmad Muayyad
Published: July 2023

N.A
What makes representations good representations for science education? A teacher-oriented summary of significant findings and a practical guideline for the transfer into teaching
Authors: Tonyali Büşra , Ropohl Mathias , Schwanewedel Julia
Published: July 2023

Existing instructional materials for chemistry offer a huge range of different external representations that can be used by chemistry teachers to support students’ understanding of chemical concepts like the concept structure of matter. In science, different kinds of representations are usually combined forming multiple external representations. Examples are combinations of texts, pictures, figures, diagrams, graphs, tables, schemes etc. However, these multiple external representations often have problematic features and/or do not meet students’ subject-related learning needs. For example, many external representations do not take different representational levels into account and/or mix information on the macroscopic level with those from the submicroscopic level. Such representations have the potential to favor students’ misconceptions who often struggle with separating different representational levels. Therefore, it is important to highlight crucial characteristics of external representations that potentially facilitate students’ learning of chemical concepts at lower secondary schools (age group 10–14). When chemistry teachers consider and reflect crucial characteristics of representations and adapt existing external representations or develop new ones, these new representations can become powerful cognitive tools helping to make instruction in chemistry more effective and coherent. This article answers the question What makes representations good representations in science education? by describing features of effective learning with decisive characteristics of multiple external representations and highlighting these characteristics by means of concrete examples from chemistry learning. Finally, an online tool will be outlined that can help teachers to improve multiple external representations for use in chemistry classes.
Swelling behavior of thermally modified timber from a cellular and chemical perspective
Authors: Gao Yufa , Zhou Yongdong , Fu Zongying , Van Den Bulcke Jan , Van Acker Joris
Published: July 2023

Thermally modified timber (TMT) reduces hygroscopicity, increases dimensional stability, and decay resistance. Although there is a substantial amount of research on heat-treated wood, investigations on the sensitivity of cell wall swelling behavior to water variation are limited. Therefore, this study focused on the swelling behavior of TMT from cellular and chemical perspectives. The effects of heat treatment on the hygroscopicity and swelling behavior of the wood cell walls were studied using dynamic vapor sorption and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Changes in the chemical composition and cellulose crystallinity were studied using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the hygroscopic swelling of latewood significantly decreased with increasing treatment temperature, reducing the anisotropy of the wood cell swelling. The hygroscopicity of wood was reduced by heat treatment, and a clear decrease in hysteresis was observed at elevated treatment temperatures. The FTIR spectra indicated that both hemicellulose and lignin were degraded. The crystallinity and lateral size of the cellulose increased after heat treatment. Similar changes in the chemical composition and crystallinity of cellulose were observed in the latewood and earlywood.
Synthesis of the ribosomal RNA precursor in human cells: mechanisms, factors and regulation
Authors: Daiß Julia L. , Griesenbeck Joachim , Tschochner Herbert , Engel Christoph
Published: July 2023

The ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) comprises three of the four ribosomal RNAs and is synthesized by RNA polymerase (Pol) I. Here, we describe the mechanisms of Pol I transcription in human cells with a focus on recent insights gained from structure-function analyses. The comparison of Pol I-specific structural and functional features with those of other Pols and with the excessively studied yeast system distinguishes organism-specific from general traits. We explain the organization of the genomic rDNA loci in human cells, describe the Pol I transcription cycle regarding structural changes in the enzyme and the roles of human Pol I subunits, and depict human rDNA transcription factors and their function on a mechanistic level. We disentangle information gained by direct investigation from what had apparently been deduced from studies of the yeast enzymes. Finally, we provide information about how Pol I mutations may contribute to developmental diseases, and why Pol I is a target for new cancer treatment strategies, since increased rRNA synthesis was correlated with rapidly expanding cell populations.
Innovative, low-cost eco-composite boards produced from high-energy milled wood, plastic waste, and bio-polymer
Authors: Pařil Petr , Baar Jan , Rousek Radim
Published: July 2023

Currently, there is a big issue with waste, its processing and subsequent use. While there are many initiatives to replace materials that are poorly biodegradable, it is necessary to process and ideally use the waste that is already produced. In this study, the properties of composite boards made of waste materials and biodegradable polymer were investigated. The composite boards were made from wood and plastic waste using high-energy milling technology. This technology for material preparation is promising, as it includes controlling the morphology of particles, homogenizing the mixture, and drying the material during the milling process. The results showed higher flexural strength of high-density fiberboard (HDF) boards compared with tested composites with one exception. Wood/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [PHBV] composite exhibited 30% higher modulus of elasticity (MOE) than HDF due to the higher modulus of PHBV. The lowest thickness swelling (3%) and water absorption (12%) were measured for wood/recycled high density polythene (rHDPE) composite. The HDF boards recorded the lowest dimensional stability. The highest water absorption of tested composites was measured for wood/PHBV composite. The resistance to wood-rotting fungi was greatest for wood/PHBV composite containing marble powder, which corresponded to the results of scanning electron microscopy.
Effects of moisture and particle size on alfalfa’s thermal conductance, diffusivity, and heat capacity
Authors: Li Yubin , Ma Yanhua , Yang Xianyong , Du Haiyu , Meng Fanjun , Xuan Chuanzhong
Published: July 2023

Researching the thermal characteristic parameters of alfalfa is of fundamental importance for accurately measuring heat transfer and distribution during the compression process. Therefore, the thermal characteristic parameters were measured using the transient plane heat source method. Additionally, the study examined the impact of moisture content and particle size on the thermal characteristic parameters of alfalfa. The experimental results indicated that the thermal conductivity of alfalfa increased with higher moisture content, and it decreased with the increase of particle size. Similarly, the specific heat capacity increased with higher water content, while the particle size had little effect on specific heat capacity. The thermal diffusion coefficient initially decreased and then stabilized with higher water content. Moreover, the influence of particle size on thermal diffusion coefficient was not significant. The obtained thermal characteristic parameters are valuable for investigating temperature changes during the densification process of alfalfa.
Intangible cultural heritage complexes in China: Representation and restoration of pigmented reliefs in Kaiping Diaolou
Authors: Li Qingde , Sang Tonghui , Li Yueqiong , Li Mingce , Sun Qi
Published: July 2023

Restoration techniques were explored for the patterns, materials, and surface pigments of the pigments decoration art of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, a world cultural heritage site in southern China. Field investigation was supplemented by scanning electron microscopy, microscopic Raman spectroscopy characterization, colorimetric tests, and tensile tests. Materials and concepts for the restoration of the Kaiping Diaolou pigments were analyzed. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the surface pigments display of pigments decorative patterns. The main colors of restoration included green, red, white, and blue. The green color was a mixture of colored copper arsenate minerals. The red color was made of hematite (Fe2O3). White was calcite, and blue was lapis lazuli or synthetic ultramarine. SEM revealed both pigments show similar flake flocculent section morphologies. UV accelerated aging experiments showed that the Ultraviolet absorber and antioxidants effectively inhibited the degradation of the interface matrix. The interface was less prone to cracking. The tension test showed that the bond stress reached a maximum value of 0.193 MPa at a curing temperature of 20 °C under 95% ambient humidity. The results provide strong evidence for pigment restoration in Kaiping Diaolou. This study also provides a scientific reference for the pigment conservation of other architectural decorations from the same historical period.
Biocomposite optimization with NaOH-modified bagasse fiber, polybutylene succinate, and poly(lactic acid) using RSM approach
Authors: Pei Pei , Zou Rui , Wang Xinyao , Liu Jinyan , Liu Lulu , Deng Xiaoyu , Li Xuehua , Yu Menghui , Tan Jia , Li Shizhong
Published: July 2023

Alkali-treated bagasse fiber was used as a process variable for optimization of the properties of polybutylene succinate/poly(lactic acid)-based biocomposites using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for three factors, i.e., NaOH-treated bagasse fiber (0.55 to 1.65 g), polybutylene succinate (1.1 to 2.3 g), and poly(lactic acid) (2.2 to 3.4 g) on the bending strength of biocomposite were investigated. The optimum combination was 0.91 g of NaOH-treated bagasse fiber, 1.14 g of polybutylene succinate, and 3.10 g of poly(lactic acid). The bending strength for NaOH-treated bagasse fiber/polybutylene succinate/ poly(lactic acid) composite was 27.0 MPa, which was 26.0% higher than native bagasse fiber-based composite. The composites were also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, and contact angle tests. Results demonstrated that the bending strength, impact strength, and tensile strength of alkali treated bagasse fiber-based biocomposite increased by 26.0%, 15.5%, and 23.3%, separately, compared with native bagasse-based composite after sequential homogenization, compounding, and hot pressing. The hydrophobicity for alkali-treated bagasse fiber/PBS/PLA was also improved. Thus, NaOH-treated biomass materials/biodegradable polymer was judged to be suitable for preparing green composite materials.
Restructuring with Anthony Trollope: Managing Change in Chronicle Provincial Fiction
Authors: Livesey Ruth
Published: July 2023

This article examines the series of novels by Anthony Trollope, known as the Barsetshire Chronicles, in relation to the idea of living through infrastructural transition. It contends that the novels, set in and around the fictional cathedral city of Barchester, stage a macro-level experience of living through infrastructural transition for implied readers. While the narrator’s asides convey a sense of privileged early access to the informational flows of the modern state, characters are depicted as disconnected from the wide sweep of transition and, in effect, replaceable over the diachronic span of the narrative sequence. The article draws a parallel between the innovative forms of the serial provincial novel and Trollope’s work for the Post Office — the foundational infrastructure of the fantasy of liberal government of a state of freedom in which individuals can encounter and gain knowledge of distant others to ensure the steady flow of capital and information. The article suggests an overlooked aspect of the Barchester novels is the backdrop of a profound transition of civic infrastructures and ethics of care from the local pastoral and temporal workings of the Established Church of England to the workings of the centralized utilitarian liberal state via the 1834 Poor Law and the work of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Barchester novels in this sense dramatize the ‘death of the parish’ as a meaningful unit of local autonomy.
Affording Degree Completion: An Experimental Study of Completion Grants at Accessible Public Universities
Authors: Goldrick-Rab Sara , Baker-Smith Christine , York Travis T. , Clark Kallie , Webber Douglas , Perkins Christel
Published: July 2023

To improve college affordability and graduation rates, universities are increasingly allocating “completion grants” to students who are nearing the finish line but facing financial challenges. Using an experimental design and common program model across 11 broad-access public universities in ten states, we assessed the impact of a completion grants averaging $1,200 distributed among more than 14,000 students. We find that, despite university expectations that most students were near completion, only two-thirds of students eligible to receive a completion grant graduated within the academic year. Receiving a completion grant did not improve that rate. However, nearly all eligible students (95%) graduated within three years or were still working on their degrees. While completion grants are intended to enhance equity, we do not find evidence that they exerted positive impacts for marginalized groups as designed in this study. Moreover, while there was some program implementation variation across universities, it did not lead to differences in program impact.
Forward Looking Exporters
Authors: de Soyres Francois , Frohm Erik , Highkin Emily , Mix Carter
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the role of expectations in driving export adjustment. We assemble bilateral data on spot exchange rates, one year ahead exchange rate forecasts and HS2-product export data for 11 exporting countries and 64 destinations, covering the 2006–2014 period. Results from fixed effects regressions and an instrumental variables approach show that expectations of exchange rate changes are an important channel for export adjustment. A one percent expected exchange rate depreciation over the next year is associated with a 0.96 percent increase in the extensive margin (entry of new exporters) in the 2SLS regression, with statistically insignificant effects on total exports or the intensive margin. We provide intuition for these findings with a simple model with heterogeneous firms and sticky prices, and use our model to discuss the implications of anticipation for subsequent export growth and trade elasticity measurement.
Bioactive Compounds from Artichoke and Application Potential
Authors: Feiden Thais , Valduga Eunice , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Juliana
Published: July 2023

Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus, known as the artichoke, originated in the Mediterranean region and is now cultivated in several countries. The artichoke has leaves, a stem, and a head, also called a floral capitulum, covered with green and pointed bracts. It is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, inulin, coumarins, anthocyanins, terpenes, dietary fibre, enzymes, polysaccharides, minerals and vitamins, and therefore has a wide range of uses, including in the food industry, medicine and biofuels. Several studies have shown that artichokes have properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolaemic, anti-HIV, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects. The aim of this study is to provide a literature review on the phytochemical composition, bioactivity and applications, focusing on the methods of extraction, purification and concentration of enzymes present in artichoke.
Impact of Fermentation, Autoclaving and Phytase Treatment on the Antioxidant Properties and Quality of Teff Cookies
Authors: Karaçoban İrem , Bilgiçli Nermin , Yaver Elif
Published: July 2023

Research background. Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is an underutilised cereal crop
grown mainly in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is an excellent source of dietary fibre, vitamins,
minerals and bioactive compounds. However, it also contains a high amount of phytic
acid, which is an antinutrient and reduces the bioavailability of minerals and proteins. To
improve the nutritional quality of teff, the phytic acid content should be reduced by an
effective dephytinisation method.
Experimental approach. In this study, various dephytinisation methods (fermentation,
autoclaving and phytase treatment) were used to dephytinise teff flour. Undephytinised
and dephytinised teff flour was mixed into wheat flour (0−40 %) to improve the functional
properties of cookies. Twenty different cookie formulations were prepared according
to 4x5x2 factorial design. The physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of the cookies were investigated.
Results and conclusions. Among the dephytinisation methods, fermentation produced
the most effective reduction in phytic acid mass fraction (181 mg/100 g), followed by phytase treatment (198 mg/100 g). The protein, fat, Fe and Zn content and antioxidant activity of cookies enriched with dephytinised teff flour were comparable to cookies fortified with undephytinised teff flour. Moreover, the dephytinised teff cookies had lower phytic acid mass fractions. The cookies containing 40 % teff flour had higher antioxidant activity and nutritional quality than the control wheat cookies. The use of dephytinised teff flour reduced the spread ratio and the a* and b* values of cookies compared to undephytinised flour. Cookies containing fermented and phytase-treated teff flour had a harder texture than cookies containing undephytinised flour. In addition, as the amount of teff flour increased, the spread ratio values of cookies gradually incrased while their hardness decreased.
Overall acceptability scores of cookies containing 10–20 % teff flour were similar to the control.
Novelty and scientific contribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study
to determine the quality of cookies containing dephytinised teff flour. The data highlight
the potential of dephytinised (especially autoclaved and phytase-treated) teff flour (up to
20 %) as a functional ingredient to enrich the mineral content and antioxidant capacity of
foods. Furthermore, this study shows that fermentation, autoclaving and phytase treatment can be used to improve the nutritional quality of grains.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF PARAMETRIC TRANSFORMERS
Authors: Styskin Andrey V. , Roginskaya Lyubov E. , Yangirov Ilgiz F. , Gorbunov Anton S. , Karimov Ruslan D. , Maksudov Denis V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance During the operation of semiconductor converters and electrical installations (for example: ignition units, converters of ozonizers and gasdischarge lamps, energy facilities where corona discharge periodically occurs, etc.), an increased level of electromagnetic interference often occurs. Under these conditions, increased requirements for electromagnetic compatibility and galvanic isolation are imposed on power sources and information transmission devices. Similar questions sometimes arise when installing information equipment in the field, where it is not possible to connect the ground. Satisfaction of these requirements is possible when using parametric transformers (PT). At the same time, the operation of the PT is characterized by special requirements for their design and the choice of the main parameters of its elements due to the electromagnetic mode associated with the need to saturate the core and due to the occurrence of significant reactive power circulating in the PT along with active power. Due to the special field of application of PTs, as well as the complexity of the electromagnetic processes occurring in them, at present there are no generalized and sufficiently accurate methods for calculating PTs for practice. The well-known approximate methods for designing PTs affect only certain issues of choosing their parameters. Aim of research This article proposes the creation of a methodology for calculating the PT, which at the same time allows the design of a device not only to ensure electromagnetic compatibility, but also with the aim of further possibility of transition to optimization of the parameters obtained as a result of the calculation of the PT, as well as with the aim of further developing generalized methods for designing parametric electrical machines, which are also of particular interest. Research objects Parametric transformers, orthogonal magnetic systems. Research methods When developing a methodology for calculating parametric transformers, traditional research methods based on the classical theory of electrical and magnetic circuits were used. Results As a result of the work carried out, it was possible to create a methodology for calculating parametric transformers, which can be used in the design of special secondary power sources and other power conversion devices. The calculation algorithm and methods for calculating the main parameters of transformers of this type are determined.
GRAPHOANALYTICAL STUDY OF SINGLE-PHASE EARTH FAULT MODES
Authors: Shabanov Vitaly A. , Stepanova Valeria D.
Published: July 2023

Relevance To determine the damaged phase in single-phase earth faults (SPEF), as well as for the purposes of relay protection and signaling of earth faults, it is important to know the phase voltages and the zero sequence voltage. Phase voltages are used to determine the damaged phase and determine the location of the damage. The zero sequence voltage is used to perform nonselective signaling of the SPEF and to determine the completeness coefficient of the fault in adaptive earth fault protections in networks with low earth fault currents. Single-phase short circuits in 6–35 kV networks occur as a rule through a fault resistance, the value of which can reach 5–7 kOhm or more. The fault resistance at the point of damage changes the values of both the zero sequence current and all phase voltages, and the zero sequence voltage. Therefore, the study of single-phase earth fault modes and the assessment of the effect of fault resistance on phase voltages and voltage. Aim of research The main aim of the research is to develop graphoanalytic methods for studying modes for SPEF through fault resistance in networks with an isolated neutral. Research methods Graphoanalytic methods are used to study the effect of fault resistance on phase voltages. The construction of phase voltage graphs directly in the fault resistance function may performe only for a specific electrical network. In the article, to perform the analysis in a generalized form, the equations of phase voltages are used as a function of intermediate variables, which depend on the value of the fault resistance, but do not depend on the parameters of the electrical network. As intermediate variables, the damage completeness coefficient, the relative fault resistance, as well as the angle by which the vector of zero sequence voltage, taken with the reverse sign, lags behind the vector of the pre-emergency voltage of the damaged phase. The main advantage of the phase voltage equations in the function of intermediate variables is that such equations have the same form for any electrical network. At the same time, voltage graphs and superimposed graphs of other parameters of the SPEF mode in relative units can be used as nomograms and allow us to study SPEF modes in a wide range of changes in fault resistances. Results Equations are obtained for the relative values of phase voltages and zero sequence voltages as a function of the damage completeness coefficient and the relative values of the fault resistance. Graphs of phase voltages and zero sequence voltages are constructed. Graphs of changes in the damage completeness coefficient and relative fault resistance are combined with voltage graphs. The obtained equations and constructed graphs are universal in nature, valid for any electrical network with an isolated neutral and can be used as nomograms for determining and analyzing all parameters of the SPEF mode in relative units. Formulas and examples of transition to named units are given.
RESEARCH OF THE OPERATION OF THE SUPPORT WEIGHTENING SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF MATHEMATICAL AND NATURAL MODELING
Authors: Belyaev Aleksandr S. , Filipas Aleksandr A.
Published: July 2023

Relevance Devices and apparatuses operating in outer space have a high cost due to extreme operating conditions and high requirements for reliability, which, as a result, leads to the need for thorough testing of the performance of all elements, assemblies and subsystems before being sent into space underground conditions. Among the many elements of spacecraft, the process of testing transformable parts that deploy in space from the transport position to the working position is difficult, however, under terrestrial conditions, due to the influence of the weight of the elements on the deployment system and hinges, testing without auxiliary systems does not guarantee reliability of the conducted experiments. Accordingly, one of the solutions is the use of weightless systems that compensate for the weight of the transformable parts of spacecraft. Aim of research Analysis of the operation of a support weightless system based on a mobile robotic platform on holonomic wheels using mathematical and natural modeling. Research methods Mathematical and natural modeling. To compare transient processes, the main quality indicators used in the theory of automatic control are used. Results The transient responses are obtained for the angles of deflection and the angle of deflection of the operation of the model and the full-scale stand of weightless systems. Qualitative and quantitative analysis confirms the efficiency of the method and the closeness of the obtained natural results with the model ones. The weighing accuracy obtained on a full-scale stand is 97.7 %.
AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A KEY COMPONENT OF THE INDUSTRY 4.0 MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT PATH
Authors: Solovev Bogdan A. , Gamisonia Giorgi K. , Sayduloev Rahmidin Sh.
Published: July 2023

Relevance Since 2011, the Industry 4.0 initiative has been a key area of research and development in the field of flexible manufacturing systems. The aim of the initiative is to address the increased complexity of manufacturing caused by various factors such as increased global competition between companies, product diversity and customization to meet customer needs. To do this, Industry 4.0 provides for a comprehensive connection of information technology with the production process, which ensures intelligent production. Bringing existing production systems to this goal will be a long process of transformation that requires a consistent migration path. Research methods The study was aimed at providing a theoretical consistent guide to the development of production processes in the direction of Industry 4.0, taking into account both the IT infrastructure and the added value of the enterprise. Results In the course of the study, the characteristics and functionality of each stage of the concept were studied in detail, and the choice of technology and the appointment of the corresponding stages were justified.