bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THg and MeHg in Water Bodies of Xiaolangdi Reservoir of Yellow River, China
Authors: Huang Zhong Wei , Tang Shun Lin , Liu Jun , Liu Qiao Li , Wang Tao
Published: October 2011

We conducted two campaigns to study total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in water bodies of Xiaolangdi reservoir, which were constructed in 2001 and drained for desilification in early June every year. The first campaign was conducted in May 2010 and 7 sampling sites were selected from upstream to the dam. The second campaign was conducted in Nov. 2010 and 3 sampling sites were selected in Nov.2010. Our results showed that the average THg(30.5ng/L) concentration of water bodies in main channel of xiaolangdi reservoir was higher that of in tributary (19.3ng/L) and declined from upstream to downstream water body. Drainage of reservoir could decline mercury in water and water residence time was an important variable affecting mercury accumulation. The MeHg concentration had the same trend compared to THg from upstream to downstream water bodies. Mingzhudao, luoyu and dam water bodies were 0.045ng/L, 0.039ng/L and 0.037ng/L water bodies, respectively.
Study on NO Emission during Co-Combustion of PVC and Biomass
Authors: Liao Yan Fen , Yang Guang , Ma Xiao Qian
Published: October 2011

In this work, some combustion experiments on PVC, rice hull, and their mixture were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor to obtain the influence of temperature, oxygen concentrations on the emission of NO. The NO emission during the co-combustion of PVC and rice hull had the same tendency as the rice hull combustion had, and it increased slowly along with the rising of temperature and oxygen concentration. The experiment results also indicate the co-combustion leaded to lower NO concentration, and it was considered that some reducing substances existed in co-combustion process leaded to a certain reduction in NO emission. The FactSage and Chemkin simulation results have a good agreement with the experiment data, and reveal that the main production reactions are: NO2+ONO+O2, NO2+HNO+OH. In addition, large amounts of volatile released by PVC in co-combustion process formed strong reducing atmospheres, which acted the major roles in the NO reduction.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization Analysis of Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase Gene from Dunaliella parva
Authors: Shang Chang Hua , Zhu Shun Ni , Yuan Zhen Hong , Wang Zhong Ming
Published: October 2011

Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyzes the reversible conversion of AMP, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyrophosphate (PPi) to ATP, pyruvate and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is a key enzyme in gluconeogensis and photosynthesis that is responsible for reversing the reaction performed by pyruvate kinase in Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis. A cDNA clone for the Dunaliella parva PPDK was isolated by sequencing. Then the 3'-RACE and 5'-cDNA amplification were conducted based on the obtained sequence. The molecular characterization of the PPDK gene was described.The Dunaliella parva PPDK gene cDNA sequence was 3249 bp, which contained 2595 bp coding region and 654 bp 3'-untranslated regions. The deduced amino acid sequence of Dunaliella parva PPDK showed significant homology to the known PPDK from Volvox carteri and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This study provided foundation for further research on the function analysis and overexpression of PPDK genes. To our knowledge this is the first reported.
Cloning of a Cellobiohydrolase Gene (cbh1) from Aspergillus niger and Heterogenous Expression in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Li Guo Qing , Chai Chang Sheng , Fan Song , Zhao Lin Guo
Published: October 2011

A gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase (CBH) was isolated from Aspergillus niger-NL-1 and designated as cbh1. The cbh1 gene contains 1,515 nucleotides with three introns and encodes a 452-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 60 kDa. The amino acid sequence encoded by cbh1 shows high homology with the sequence of glycoside hydrolase fimily 7. The cellobiohydrolase (cbh1) gene was succussfully expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71H. The recombinant CBHⅠshowed an optimal working condition at 60 °C, pH 4.0 with Km and Vmax toward CMC-Na of 13.81 mM and 0.269 μmol/min, respectively. The enzyme retained more than 80 % of its initial activity after 2 h of incubation at 90 °C and was stable in pH range 1.0～10.0. Because of its moderately stable at high temperature and stability through wide range of pH, this enzyme has potential in various industrial applications.
Experimental Research on Mechanism of Alkali Metal Enrichment and Prevention for Biomass CFB Gasification
Authors: Chu Lei Zhe , Fan Xiao Xu , Yang Li Guo , Wu Xiao Jun
Published: October 2011

Because of quite a certain content of alkali metal in biomass, bed material agglomeration appears in the process of thermal reaction in fluidized bed, which can destroy fluidization. In the paper, fluidized bed gasification experiments on alkali metal enrichment were made, of which cotton straw pellets were used as fuel. The results are shown that experiments could keep running by bed material replaced at regular time without slag and the component of the bed material maintained stability. The replaced bed material could be used again after being washed. Through the XRF analysis, it could be found that the potassium compound with high dissolubility could be removed by washing.
Study on Competitive Sorption Capacity of Sr2+/Cs+ in Zeolite and Palygorskite
Authors: Wang Jin Ming
Published: October 2011

Competitive sorption capacity of equal concentration of Cs+ and Sr2+ in zeolite and palygorskite were studied by the intermittence method. zeolite and palygorskite of adsorbed Cs+ and Sr2+ were analysed with the XRD. They could offer some references for the sake of valuing mid-lower radwaste disposition. The results showed that adsorptive equilibrium time of NF to Cs+ and Sr2+ was about seven day, that of ZF was about three day, and that of CA was about fourteen day. Equilibrium adsorptive quantity of ZF to Cs+ and Sr2+ was the best, and that of NF was second, and that of CA was third. Sorption capacity of NF to Cs+ was the better than that to Sr2+, and selection of CA to Cs+ and Sr2+ was the little, and that of ZF was the lest. Equilibrium adsorptive rate of ZF to Sr2+ was almost the 100% and that of ZF to Cs+ was about 71.8% and that of NF to Cs+ was 66% and that of NF to Sr2+ was only 15% and that of CA to Sr2+ was about 28.6% and that of CA to Cs+ was only 16.4%. Crystal unit cell cubage and parameter a of zeolite and palygorskite adsorbed Cs+ and Sr2+ decreased and change of crystal unit cell parameter a、b and β of zeolite and palygorskite were ruleless.
Simulation and Analysis of Air Performance of Multi-Row Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang Wen Wen , Li Rui
Published: October 2011

In this paper, simulates the air performance of multi-row finned-tube heat exchanger by Fluent. The mathematics model is established, using standard k-ε turbulence model. The temperature, velocity and pressure changes of air are analyzed. By research the multi-row finned-tube heat exchanger, analyzed the different structures have different effects on the efficiency of heat transfer, obtained the most appropriate number of tube rows, making the heat exchanger for maximum heat transfer efficiency.
Design on the System of Collection, Storage and Release for Field Information
Authors: Sun Yu Wen , Shen Ming Xia , Xiong Ying Jun , Lu Ming Zhou , Liu Long Shen , Kong Xiao Li
Published: October 2011

Based on WSN,GPRS,embedded system,database and Web server technology,a system of collection,storage and release for field information was designed.The WSN network is responsible to collect field information,such as air temperature,humidity, illumination,image and so on. The information collected can be not only save in gateway's embedded database,but also transferred to the long-distance Web server.Which solve the farmland monitoring information storage, distribution and mobile measurement of inconvenience issues. Solar power supply module has the role of long-term supply power.Experimental result shows the system can accurately and timely collect information agriculture farmland.
Fuzzy Optimization Design and Analysis for Parameters of High Addendum Gears
Authors: Jin Xiang Yang , Zhao Li Li , Zhang Tie Feng , Guan Xiang Yi , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: October 2011

This paper used the method of non-symmetric fuzzy optimization design for the fuzzy optimization design of pressure angle and addendum coefficient of high addendum gears. According to the constraints, the value range of parameters , and fuzzy constraints in closed figure to establish the objective function of fuzzy optimization design for engaging angle . Then equivalently transformed it to the normal optimization mathematical model, and then solved it following the conventional method of optimization design. Calculated by the optimization design: for the given sum of teeth number and transmission ratio, when the addendum coefficient is 1.25 or 1.3, the pressure angle is 20 º, the engaging angle is at the peak or close to the peak, performance of high addendum gears can basically achieve the optimal or suboptimal, which can meet design requirements.
The Effect of Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Ai Ping , Wang Yuan Yuan , Zhang Yan Lin , Li Wu , Yan Shui Ping
Published: October 2011

The anaerobic digestion is an efficient utilization way of crop residues and alkali pretreatment are often used to enhance the degradation. Alkali pretreatment based on Ca(OH)2 addition of rice straw was studied.The tests of 3 g/l, 9 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition had an significant effect on enhancing solubilization and rapid acidification, the results were 1521.2 gCOD/l and 935 ml biogas yield of 3 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition, 1600.7 gCOD/l and 1200 ml biogas yield of 9 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition , compared to 405.5 gCOD/l and 1162 ml of control( 0 g/l Ca(OH)2 addition) . The results also showed that tests of 15 g/l , 21 g/l of Ca(OH)2 addition were entirely inhibited to biogas yield. The result of the present work implied that although alkali pretreatment to rice straw can significantly enhance solubilization, the inhibition to methane yield was liable to occur.
Study on the Effect of Pretreatment in High Temperature on Reducing Sugar Content in Cow Dung Waste Water
Authors: Feng Yi Peng , Zhang Quan Guo , Hu Jian Jun , Wang Yi
Published: October 2011

This article mainly studies the effect of pretreatment in high temperature on reducing sugar content in cow dung waste water in different conditions. Based on the single-factor research, this experiment chooses three factors-temperature, pH value and pretreatment time as independent variable, reducing sugar content as response variable to conduct the response surface experiment, adopts Box—Behenken method to carry out experimental design in order to study the effect of each variable and their interaction on reducing sugar content in waste water. Through the experiment and fitting analysis, the second degree polynomial regressive equation model is retained, and the best pretreatment condition is calculated as this: pretreatment time is 5 days, pH value at 5.9 and temperature at 49°C. Finally the experiment shows that the maximum reducing sugar content in cow dung under this condition is 1.2789 mg/mL.
Control Strategy & Calibration of Fuel Film Compensation in the Transient Conditions
Authors: Peng Mei Chun , Liang Xiao Feng , Xu Chao Min , Lin Yi Qing
Published: October 2011

Three reasons of the deviation of the fuel injection quantity for the electronic fuel injection (EFI) motorcycle engine during the transient conditions were analyzed, including the presence of fuel injection dead time, the engine load measurement deviation and the existence of fuel film attached to the inlet pipe wall. The control strategy of fuel film compensation was studied at conditions of starting, acceleration and deceleration, which was based on the changes of engine velocity, inlet air pressure and inlet air temperature. During the transient condition, the basic fuel film compensation and correction coefficient were calibrated at motorcycle dynamometer, and the modified fuel film compensation MAP were achieved correspondingly, in order to keep the excess air coefficient stable.
Bio-Oil Production by Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass Using Blast Furnace Slag as Heating Source
Authors: Luo Si Yi , Li Chao , Yi Chui Jie , Zhou Yang Min
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a novel biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction system using blast furnace as heating source was presented. The system is composed of three parts: blast furnace slag granulation, biomass pyrolysis centrifuge reactor, and the waste heat of blast furnace as the heat source. As the cost of biomass pyrolysis was greatly reduced, this system has a promising application prospect.
Experimental Study on the Corrosion Characteristics during Co-Firing of Cornstalk and Lean Coal
Authors: Li Xiu Juan , Wang Yong Zheng , Yue Mao Zhen
Published: October 2011

The elemental and phase compositions of cornstalk ash are largely different from that of lean coal ash. In comparison with pure lean coal, co-firing of cornstalk and lean coal may result in serious corrosion to the heating surface of superheater. This paper presents a composition comparison between the two ashes by means of Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. A number of experiments were carried out in a tubular furnace to investigate the ash corrosion characteristics. Measured corrosion characteristic curves show the agreement of parabolic rule, and the corrosion is mainly effected by ash compositions and temperature. It was also found that alkali-chloride, alkali metal sulphide in ash and HCl in flue gas significantly aggravate the corrosion. The corrosion speed increases as the temperature increase, and becomes significantly high when the temperature is above 550°C.
TG-FTIR Analysis of Wood Based Bio-Oil
Authors: Peng Jin Xing , Yan Bei Bei , Chen Guan Yi , Zhu Xin Li , Wang Chao
Published: October 2011

The combustion mechanism of bio-oil derived from wood fast pyrolysis was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG–FTIR) in flowing air. The results show that the combustion process of bio-oil consists of two main consecutive stages at a low heating rate. The combustion reaction becomes more and more intense from the first to the second stage. The release of volatiles occurs mainly at 80～200 °C and 350～500°C, and the gaseous products in each stage are different. The main products in the first stage are H2O with a few low molecule weight compounds, such as methanol, formic acid, etc. In the second stage, some new volatiles such as CO2, CO and CH4, etc. are present. Among the above volatiles, CO2 is the dominant gaseous product in the whole combustion process. The concentrations of CO2 and CO keep increasing, and reach the maximum at about 450 °C. Over 570°C, there are few products released at the end of the combustion process.
Bio-Oil Emulsion Fuels Production Using Power Ultrasound
Authors: Guo Zuo Gang , Yin Qian Qian , Wang Shu Rong
Published: October 2011

Ultrasound was adopted to prepare emulsion fuels between bio-oil and 0# diesel. The effects of ultrasound power and treating time on the stability of emulsion fuels were investigated. Excellent stability with stable time as long as 35 hours was obtained under an ultrasound power of 80W and a treating time of 3 minutes. Malvern nanometer particle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano S90) was used to study the droplet size of emulsion fuels. The emulsion fuels with smaller droplet size had longer stable time. And the droplet size of the optimal emulsion fuel was around 0.4 um.
The Pilot-Scale Study of Constructed Intensified Biological Bed on the Purification of Northern Transboundary Polluted River Water
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lang Xian Ming , Chao Lei
Published: October 2011

Constructed Intensified Biological Bed (CIBB) is a new sewage disposal technology based on subsurface flow constructed wetland and biological aerated filter. The CIBB was applied for serious polluted transboundary river water. The removal rates of pilot scale CIBB on simulated Tiaozi River system CODcr、NH3-N and TN were over 70%, 90%, 60% respectively. The hydraulic loading of CIBB reached 4.8m•d-1, and CODcr organic loading was 185g•(m3d) -1 and the ammonium loading was 19 g•(m3d) -1. If the CIBB is used on the Tiaozi River, CODcr and ammonium in outflow of CIBB system will reach class V standards of Environmental quality standard for surface water (GB3838-2002).
The Research and Analysis of Economics Environment in Complex Network Economic Space Theory System
Authors: Bai Quan Yong , Niu Dong Xiao , Bai Jia
Published: October 2011

The article explained items of complex network economic space theory system. It created general constraint relations, general economy Utility function, general synergetic structure, and Gdp$. The authors made many efforts for this field of economics environment in complex network space.
Enhancing Human Capital Investment - Key to Unlock China's Economic Plight of Unbalanced Development
Authors: Zhang Yuan
Published: October 2011

In recent years, it is very important for China to maintain the strong and sustainable economic growth, and we believe enhancing human capital investment is the key. According to the statistics, China's current human capital investment has fallen into the low-level trap, which means that the economic growth heavily depends on labor-intensive and resource-driven investment, and the relationship between human and physical capital investment becomes imbalanced. In addition, the coexistence of human capital shortage and employment pressure, the mismatch between human capital investment structure and talent demand, and insufficient human capital investment caused by unfair income distribution are becoming more and more serious. We advise a re-examination of our human capital investment strategy as the main policy to solve the problems.
Research on Soil and Water Environmental Problems in the Construction of Agro-Ecological Civilization - A Case Study of Henan Province
Authors: Zhang Ming Yue
Published: October 2011

The environmental problems about soil and water are critical to the sustainable agricultural production, which are the core issues of the national stable development. With the agricultural modernization and the trend of ecological development, the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development has become increasingly prominent. Recognizing Henan’s population, resources, environmental situation, comparative advantages, prominent regional features, actively seeking for Henan provincial road of sustainable development of agriculture so as to realize the rise of the central region, which is of important realistic significance.
Heat Transfer and Electric Insulation Enhancement of Organic Shape Stabilized Phase Change Materials Using Diamond Particles
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhu Jiao Qun , Zhou Wei Bing
Published: October 2011

In this work, diamond particle (DP), based on its excellent heat transfer property as well as electric insulativity, was adopted to enhance the thermal conductivity (k) and volume resistivity (ρ)of organic shape stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) for the first time. Using the method of in situ polymerization, PMMA serving as the supporting material and PEG acting as the PCM were compounded with the DP. Results show that the DP is physically combined with PMMA/PEG matrix, and all the samples remain solid without leakage above the melting point of the PEG. The k and ρ of the composite SSPCM obviously increased with the increase of DP content. When the mass fraction of DP is increased to 30%, the k and ρ of composite achieved 0.454 W•(m•K)-1 and 6.12×1010 Ω•cm, respectively. It is also indicated that all the specimens provide available thermal energy storage density and thermal stability.
Recovery Valuable Alloy from High Speed Steel Grindings by Silicothermic Process
Authors: Xia Wen Tang , Zhou Xue Jiao , Yin Jian Guo
Published: October 2011

Based on thermodynamic analysis, the recovery of W, Mo, Cr and V as secondary alloy from high speed steel by silicothermic process were performed. The variables effected the reduction process considered in the study were lime ratio, content of reducing agent and heating effect per unit. The experimental results showed that the recovery of W, Mo, Cr and V as secondary alloy from high speed steel grindings was feasible by silicothermic process. The recoveries of W, Mo, Cr and V were 95%, 95%, 72% and 45% respectively. The quality of secondary alloy was steady and satisfied for steel making.
Forecasting Electricity Demand of Shanghai Based on Power Consumption Intensity Decomposition
Authors: Shi Ying Ling , Peng Mei
Published: October 2011

The paper describes the development of economy and electricity in Shanghai, builds a decomposition model of power consumption intensity, and analyzes the impacts of industrial power consumption intensity and industrial structure for the total power consumption intensity of Shanghai. Finally, the paper uses sub-scenarios to forecast electricity demand of Shanghai during Twelfth Five-Year period. The results show that the decrease of total power consumption intensity is mainly due to the decrease of industrial power consumption intensity, and the optimization of industrial structure has some contributions to the decrease of total power consumption as well.
Research on Countermeasures Used in Low-Carbon Economy to Promote the Sustainable Development in Fujian Province of China
Authors: Zhu Nan , Li Bao Ming
Published: October 2011

Low-carbon economy is a new path which our country is taking to develop economy. As one of the provinces in the southeast coast of China, Fujian develop a low-carbon economy directly relating to the transformation of its economic growth, conservation of energy, improvement of productivity, innovation of technology and so on. We can say that the development of low-carbon economy directly affects the sustainable development of economy and society in Fujian province of China. Therefore, firstly, we believe that government and enterprise should optimize the allocation of resource and improve the utilization of resource. Secondly, the tax policies are supposed to adjust to stimulate the development of environmental protection industry. Thirdly, government should accelerate the construction of infrastructures. Fourthly, the legal system needs to be built and perfected so as to promote the development of low-carbon economy. At last, the investment of techniques is supposed to increase to a certain degree, and the ability of innovation and management of enterprises should be promoted to adapt the development of low-carbon economy of Fujian province.
The Ecological Effects of Spatial Changes in the Urban Ecological Territory
Authors: Qin Meng Lin , Xu Hong Tao , Bushman Bryce
Published: October 2011

Ecological quality, efficiency, safety, and fairness are the core components of an eco-city. The expansion and contraction of urban ecological territories impacts eco-cities in all of these four components. The central distance of an ecological territory is an indicator that measures its expansion and contraction. As the central distance increases, measurable changes in the four components change either predictably, smoothly, or erratically, with fluctuation. Regulating the expansion and contraction of an urban ecological territory is an effective way to achieve a balanced eco-city.
A Life-Cycle View of Research on Evaluation of Equipment Resource-Ability
Authors: Hu Kai Kai , Ni Ming Fang , Zhong Meng Chun , Liu Shi Lun
Published: October 2011

With the development of the equipment resources conservation in PLA, the equipment resource-ability is proposed as a basic property of the equipment. The reaction of the equipment are available to promote resource saving and environment-friendly capabilities. With the deepening of the study, how to transform the equipment resource-ability from theory to practice and how to measure the existing equipment’s equipment resource-ability become the urgent problems. As the important component of the equipment resource theory system, the evaluation of equipment resources can response the level of equipment resource-ability correctly and objectively and also can offer the instruction for the equipment research department on comprehension and improvement of equipment resource-ability. Setting out from the relevant concepts of equipment resource-ability, this thesis proposes the basic principle of evaluation of equipment resource-ability, which is the whole life cycle principle, typical and representative principle as well as the oriented principle. Meanwhile, through the analysis on each stage of the whole life cycle of equipment, this thesis elects some factors that has a greater impact on equipment resource-ability, namely equipping materials selected, function structure and disposal of pollutant. The impacts of the three factors mentioned above on the equipment resource-ability mainly reflect in the sustainable ability of equipment consuming resource, resource utilization efficiency and environmental impact. Therefore, this article will regard the sustainable ability of equipment consuming resource, resource utilization efficiency, environmental impacts as the principal parts of evaluation of equipment resource-ability., At the same time, the index such as the using proportion of scarce materials, the comprehensive energy consumption, the pollutant of liquid, emission, gas at unit time and the degree of human health damage will be as a specific index of evaluation of equipment resource-ability in the thesis.
Literature Review on Endowments of Factor of Production
Authors: Chang Yang , Yang Shang Qin
Published: October 2011

As there are physical differences exist in the different factors of production, and have different relationship with the economic growth, so they have different impact on economic growth. The various factors of production play the inequality role in producing, leading to the inequality social relationship between owners of various factors of production. In this context, this article systematic combing the theoretical that endowments of the factors of production in domestic and foreign literature and the empirical research literature, it provides overview for domestic control segmentation of the social production units, and also for the development of theory which social patterns deductive and the practice patterns study to carried out.
Electrochemical Performance Ni Doped Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Yong Li , Bao Wen Jing , Yuan Zheng , Zhuang Quan Chao , Sun Zhi
Published: October 2011

LiNixMn2-xO4 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) compounds with spinel crystal structure are synthesized by sol-gel method. The dependence of the physicochemical properties of these compounds has been extensively investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and charge-discharge test. It is found that as Mn is replaced by Ni, the initial capacity decreases, but the capacity retention is enhanced. Of all the LiNixMn2-xO4 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) compounds, the LiNi0.2Mn1.8O4 has best electrochemical performance, about 120mAhg-1 discharge capacity, its capacity retention rate of 96.6% after 100 cycles. However the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 sample shows excellent electrochemical performance at 4.7 V high potential, 150 mAhg-1 discharge capacity, above 110 mAhg-1 of capacity retention after 42 cycles of charge/discharge. The prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders sintered at 750 °C here has Fd3m space group.
Condensation of Acetone to Diacetone Alcohol over Structured MgO/Al2O3-Al Catalyst Packing
Authors: Du Chang Hai , Shen Yan , Sun Lin Ping , Meng Xiang Chun
Published: October 2011

A novel solid base catalyst, structured MgO/Al2O3-Al catalyst packing, was prepared by supporting MgO onto a thin film of alumina that was formed by anodic oxidation of high purity aluminium foils. Some preparation parameters including the molar ratio of Mg(NO3)2•6H2O to CH3(CH2)16COOH, the aging time, the calcination temperature and time were investigated by using the catalyst for the condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol. Each of those factors had some influence on the catalyst activity and an optimum value was obtained. The conversion of acetone was 20.2%, and the selectivity to diacetone alcohol was 100% under the optimized preparation conditions.
The Function of Human Power Factor in Industrial Clusters Competitiveness - The Case of Yulin’s Energy Chemical Industry Cluster
Authors: Zhao Jing , Bai Yin
Published: October 2011

Cho Dongsung’s “nine factors model” highlighted and enlarged the importance of “manpower” factor in the forming of competitive power. Based on elaborating “nine factors model”, this paper demonstrates the importance of human capital in energy chemical industrial clusters competitiveness forming, and analyses the present situation of Yulin’ energy chemical industry cluster, points out the question which existing in the development of human capital in it, then proposes some policy suggestions to enhance the human capital integration ability of government, and promotes Yulin’s energy chemical industrial clusters competitiveness.
Performance Analysis of Parallel Feed LT-MED Desalination System with Thermal Vapor Compressor
Authors: Liu Xiao Hua , Cao Guo Jian , Shen Sheng Qiang , Zhao Guang Bin
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a theoretical analysis on parallel feed LT-MED desalination system with thermal vapor compressor which is helpful to the design and operation of such kind of seawater desalination plant. The mathematical model of a parallel feed LT-MED desalination system with thermal vapor compressor (TVC) is developed on the basis of the mass and energy conservation equations. In the model, the temperature loss is considered caused by the boiling point elevation (BPE) of seawater and the steam flow resistance is also included caused by flowing through tube bundle demisters and pipelines between adjacent evaporators. The property parameters of seawater are taken as the functions of temperature and concentration. A computer program is drawn up to solve the mathematical model. The calculation is based on the system with rated water production 3000 t/d. Taking actual operation into account, the influence of heating steam temperature of the first effect and entrained steam position of TVC on system performance are analyzed. The results show that when other relative parameters are fixed, the gained output ratio (GOR) and the total area of evaporators change slightly with the increasing of the heating steam temperature of first effect under the calculation condition of this paper. The results also demonstrate that there exist suitable entrained steam positions of TVC for the cost of water.
A Step-up Vibration Energy Harvester Based on Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilever
Authors: Jiang Bing , Liu Ping , Chen Li Juan , Li Xiang Lin , Feng Chi , Xu Xiao Hui
Published: October 2011

Enabling technologies for wireless sensor networks have gained considerable attention in research communities over the past few years. With the advantage of high power density, piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is promising in self-powered wireless sensor networks. In this work, modeling of piezoelectric generator based on a bimorph cantilever is discussed and functional characteristics of the bimorph piezoelectric cantilever are given. Corresponding step-up energy harvesting circuit according to the practical application requirements is developed. Then an integrated environmental vibration energy harvester with a size of approximately 83mm × 55mm × 12mm was fabricated. The results shows that the energy harvester is able to provide a stable 3.3V supply voltage under 37Hz working frequency.
Quantification Method Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Consumptions and Influence Factors of Residential Buildings
Authors: Xie Jing Chao , Wang Wei Lun , Hiroshi Yoshino
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a year filed survey has been conducted in eighty households which are located in six different climatic districts in Japan from December 2002 to November 2003. The investigated contents included energy consumptions for different end users, indoor climate conditions, thermal performance of the buildings, lifestyles of residents, etc.. In addition, statistical analyses were carried out using the quantification method I, so as to find out the influential factors that determine residential energy consumptions.
A Kind of Energy Saving Method Based on Improving Turbine Condenser Vacuum
Authors: Yao Jing Hong
Published: October 2011

Vacuum is an important economic indicator of influencing turbine load and thermal efficiency. And heat transfer efficiency affects the level of vacuum directly. From the point of heat transfer analysis, combining with the production practice in a power plant, this paper proposes a method of improving heat transfer effectiveness and the condenser exchanging condition. Through the method of reducing the heat load of condenser, improving the tightness of the vacuum system, cleaning the heat surface and reducing the cooling water temperature, we improve the vacuum and reach the aim of energy saving.
Energy Savings Measures for Clinker Production in Cement Industry
Authors: Madlool Naseer A. , Saidur Rahman , Mohammed Hafdih H. , Solangi Khalid H. , Rahim Nasrudin Abd
Published: October 2011

Industrial development has lead to higher energy consumption, and emission of greenhouse gases. Cement industry plays an important role in energy consumption and overall greenhouse gases emissions. This paper reviews the preceding studies concentration on the provision of energy saving, carbon dioxide emission reductions correlated with implementation of a number of technologies applicable to improve the energy efficiency in the cement industry. Energy efficiency measures for clinker production. It is found the largest amounts of thermal energy saving, electrical energy saving, emission reductions are 4.1 Giga Joule per ton, 35 kilo Watt hour per ton, 112,61 kilogram CO2 per ton respectively.
Study of Ca-Mg-S-Si Fertilizer Produced by Magnesium Slag
Authors: Xia De Hong , Ren Ling , Chen Liang Ze
Published: October 2011

The magnesium slag is rich in Ca, Mg, Si elements, in which most of the arable land in China is deficient. Based on this, a new process for producing calcium-magnesium-sulfur-silicon(Ca-Mg-S-Si) fertilizer with magnesium slag is put forward by grinding and acid treatment. It is indicated from the trial production test that the optimum grinding diameter is about 60μm to producing the Ca-Mg-S-Si fertilizer, where the content of effective ingredient is more than 40%. Furthermore, pot experiments are carried out by choosing the maize and the radish as research objects. It is shown that the efficiency of self-made fertilizer is better than similar secondary-nutrients fertilizer on the market, which has the advantages of improving the lodging resistance ability, promoting the growing in later stage, and greatly reducing growing period of crops. Therefore, the application of the new technology for producing Ca-Mg-S-Si fertilizer by magnesium slag has tremendous economic and social benefits.
Modeling of Energy-Saving Optimization Model by Sub-Sheet Dryness Coordination Based on Muti-Agent
Authors: Zhang Ding Hua , Liu Huan Bin , Li Ji Geng
Published: October 2011

According to Multi-Agent network topology of the globe energy node in papermaking dryer section, the optimal algorithms of each part of sheet for energy consumption node Agent is designed through the mentality of designing. And multi-Agent contract net protocol is improved based on the gambling solution of mixed linear complementary problem. The overall steam saving optimization can be achieved by coordinated and local optimization and globe energy balance of each energy node for the four group of paper drying process.
Effect of Anode and Cathode Current-Collector Structure on Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Cao Xian Qi , Han Ji Tian , Yu Ze Ting , Chen Pei Pei
Published: October 2011

In this work, the effect of the current-collector structure on the performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was investigated. Parallel current-collector (PACC) and other two kinds of perforated current collectors (PECC) were designed, fabricated and tested. The studies were conducted in a passive DMFC with active membrane area of 9 cm2, working at ambient temperature and pressure. Two kinds of methanol solution of 2 M and 4 M were used. Results showed that the PACC as anode current-collector has a positive effect on cell voltage and power. For the cathode current-collector structure, the methanol concentration of 2 M for PECC-2 (higher open ratio 50.27 %) increased performance of DMFC. But the methanol concentration of 4 M led to an enhancement of fuel cell performance that used PACC or PECC-2 as cathode current-collector.
High-Temperature Sulfidation of Crofer 22APU in Atmospheres Containing H2S and H2O
Authors: Żurek Zbigniew , Jaron Artur , Gil Aleksander
Published: October 2011

The work presents analyses of Crofer 22APU steel oxidation in hydrogen atmosphere containing 300 ppm H2S and in hydrogen atmosphere containing 300 ppm and 1% H2O. The oxidation process was conducted on two kinds of samples: pre-oxidized (pre-oxidation process was carried out in the air at a temperature of 800°C during 100 h), and not pre-oxidized at a temperature of 600 and 800°C using periodic method during 500 h. It was established that oxidation rate may be described by means of parabolic law. Determined parabolic rate constants indicate that not pre-oxidized samples undergo sulphurization in H2/300ppm H2S atmosphere, while in H2/300ppm H2S + 1%H2O atmosphere they undergo oxidation 3-4 orders of magnitude slower.
Assessment on the Integrated Power of Economic Development in "The Yangtze River Delta" Economic Circle - Empirical Research Based on Entropy and TOPSIS Method
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hong , Sun Yan Yan
Published: October 2011

This paper selected 16 cities of the Yangtze River Delta as research objects, using 5 economic indicators, namely economic aggregate, economic structure, degree of openness, infrastructure construction and sustainable development to set up an evaluation index system. Based on the otherness of the evaluation index, this paper uses the entropy weight method to assess the weights impersonally. By means of TOPSIS method, this paper evaluates and compares the integrated power of economic development in “the Yangtze River Delta” economic circle.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Coated Graphitized Needle Coke
Authors: Yang Guang Zhi , Xuan Jia Ni , Li Dong Feng , Qiu Han Xun , Yang Jun He
Published: October 2011

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin coated graphitized needle coke was synthesized by mixing graphitized needle coke with PF alcohol solution, stirring for a long time and then drying. Different processes of direct drying and drying followed filtration were performed to see the effect of coating. The coated materials were also carbonized, graphitized and then characterized. Experiment showed that filtration before dryness process can lead to uniform coating. The concentration of PF resin had an important effect on the coating amount of PF resin. When the PF resin concentration was 30% (wt%), the content of PF resin coated could possibly attain 15% (wt%) for the most. After carbonization, only small amount of carbon residue from PF resin was left which did not affect the crystal structure of graphitized needle coke.
Ruthenium Oxide/Activated Carbon Composites for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Zheng Ming Dong , Li Ru Chun , He Xiao Jun , Dong Xian Ping , Ling Ping Hua , Zhao Nan , Zhang Xiao Yong , Yu Mo Xin , Wu Ming Bo
Published: October 2011

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from lignite by microwave heating ZnCl2. The pore structure parameters of AC are characterized by nitrogen adsorption technique. The AC and ruthenium oxide/AC composite are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscope. Electrochemical properties of ACs and ruthenium oxide/AC composite electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge after AC was pre−oxidized by HNO3 solution. The results show that the specific surface area and total pore volume of AC from lignite reaches 1310 m2 g−1 and 0.80 cm3 g−1, respectively. The micropore volume of AC from lignite totals only 12.5%. AC and ruthenium oxide/AC composite electrodes with 5wt.% ruthenium oxide loading show high cycle stability. Compared to pristine AC electrode, specific capacitance of ruthenium/AC composite electrode and energy density of ruthenium/AC capacitor after 100 charge−discharge cycles increases 40.8% and 39.1%, respectively.
Modeling the Piezoelectric D33 Coefficient of Voided Charged Polypropylene Film by Finite Element Method
Authors: Wan Yong Ping , Fan Liang Liang
Published: October 2011

Voided charged Polypropylene films have very large piezoelectric d33 coefficient and have emerged as a kind of novel electromechanical transducer materials. In this paper, we propose the analysis method of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of voided charged Polypropylene film by finite element model. The very flat voids are simulated by the hollow oblate tetrakaidecahedron and periodic boundary conditions are implied. The electrostatic analysis is conducted and elastic deformation is solved by using ANSYS FE software. Qualitative analysis is presented for the piezoelectric d33 coefficient, and several influencing parameters are discussed, including void geometry and charge density. This finite element model can provide help in the analysis and design of voided charged polymer film with complex microstructures.
Aerodynamic Model of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Speed Self-Adapting in Drag-Mode
Authors: Qu Jian Jun , Xu Ming Wei , Mei Yi
Published: October 2011

The structure of vertical axis wind turbine with wind speed-adapting is based on Darrieus straight-bladed turbine. It features that its blades are composed of movable and fixed blades. Through the opening and closing of the movable blades to adapt to the wind speed automatically, the turbine not only can start up in low wind speed, but also realize the conversion from drag-mode to lift-mode. Due to the special structure, the aerodynamic model of this turbine in drag-mode is different from that of Savonius and Darrieus turbine. So in this article, the aerodynamic model of this turbine in drag-mode is established. Then the coefficient of start-up torque is calculated and compared with that of Darrieus straight-bladed turbine which has the same size. The results show that the start-up performance of this turbine is obviously better than that of Darrieus straight-bladed turbine.
Transport of Methane Confined in Nanoscale Silica Pores
Authors: Zhang Qing Yin , Qi Dong Lai
Published: October 2011

Natural gas (methane is the primary constituent) adsorbed on nanoporous materials is a promising alternative to compressed natural gas as a cleaning fuel. To understand the transport of methane confined in a nanoscale pore is useful for developing and optimizing some related industry processes. Equilibrium molecular simulation were carried out to study the transport behaviors of methane confined in two types silica pores, a cristobalite silica pore and an amorphous silica pore. Many factors, such as temperatures, densities of methane and surface structures of pore, which could affect the transport of methane, were examined in simulations. Simulations calculated the diffusion coefficients of methane at different densities and temperatures. The detailed microscopic structures of pores have a great correlation with the diffusion behaviors of methane. The diffusion coefficients of methane increased with increasing temperature, but decreased with the increase of density.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of LiFe1-xMnxPO4/C Cathode Material
Authors: Wei Yan Jun , Liang Guang Chuan , Wang Li , Ou Xiu Qin
Published: October 2011

Olivine LiFe1−xMnxPO4/C composites were prepared by high temperature solid phase method using MnO2, NH4H2PO4, Li2CO3, FeC2O4•2H2O, glucose as the starting materials. XRD, SEM and constant-current charging/discharging tests were used to study the structure and electrochemical properties of the material. The result showed that when x=0.2 the material exhibited the optimal electrochemical performance, with a higher specific energy of 484.94 Wh/kg.
Optical Parameters of Diamond Films Determined by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Method
Authors: Pan Xiao Yu , Wang Lin Jun , Huang Jian , Tang Ke , Bi Mei , Shi Wei Min , Xia Yi Ben
Published: October 2011

Diamond film can be used as optical window materials, mask materials and coating materials of optical device and solar cells. Diamond films with different thickness were prepared by HFCVD method. Raman scattering measurement, SEM and AFM show a good diamond character. Optical parameters in infrared region, such as refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of diamond films with different thickness were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry method with a proper fitting model.
Preparation and Characterization of Nickel Nanopowder for Conductive Pastes
Authors: Qin Hui Ru , Xie Ji Min , Jing Jun Jie , Li Wen Hua , Jiang Zhi Feng
Published: October 2011

In this paper, nickel nanopowder was prepared by liquid phase reduction method, where nickel acetate and hydrazine hydrate was used as nickel source and reducing agent, respectively. The resulting Ni nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that nickel acetate can be effectively reduced by hydrazine hydrate. The as-prepared nickel nanoparticles are in spherical shape, with size ranging from 100 to 200nm and good dispersion. By changing the reaction conditions, the morphology and size of nickel particles can be controlled. The synthesized nickel nanopowders meet the general requirements of nickel powder that would be used for conductive paste, which can be prepared for nickel-based conductive paste. This method has some advantages such as inexpensive, non-pollution to environment; it can be used for industry.
Study on the Solid Electrolyte Interface at the Surface of Anode Electrode in Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 Battery System
Authors: Lai Chun Yan , Xu Jing Jing , Wei Yong Feng
Published: October 2011

A safe lithium-ion battery system of Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 was prepared, the solid electrolyte interface on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 electrode and the electrochemical performances of this lithium-ion battery system were studied. XRD、SEM and EIS texts were used to analyses the solid electrolyte interface on the surface of anode electrode. The result of XRD indicates that new material does generate at the surface of Li4Ti5O12 anode electrode. The result of EIS indicates that the SEI film increased the resistance of the battery, and the resistance will decrease as the cycle time increasing.
Microwave Demulsification Mechanism and Effect on Petrol Oil Sludge
Authors: Jia Xian Bu , Zhou Li Kun
Published: October 2011

In the experiments of microwave radiation sludge, the method of air floating, settlement and centrifugal separation are employed to research the demulsification effect of sludge comparative. Results show that: A perfect demulsification effect can be obtained when the radiation intensity is 2w/g, sludge PH value is 2, radiation time is 3-4min, slurry ratio is 1:3 and the oil sludge is processed by microwave.