bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary fiber and probiotics based on gut microbiota targeting for functional constipation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Huang Congfu , Lyu Jinli , Chu Chunuo , Ge Lan , Peng Yuanping , Yang Zhenyu , Xiong Shenghua , Wu Bin , Chen Xiao , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: October 2022

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are very common among children with cerebral palsy. Gut microbiota has been confirmed to maintain normal GI physiological function and further contributed to cerebral palsy through the gut-brain axis. Our study was to investigate the effect of dietary fiber combined with probiotics on functional constipated children with cerebral palsy. In total, 35 patient children were enrolled and divided into general diet group (n = 14) and liquid diet group (n = 21). All the participants received Compound Dietary Fiber (CDF) for 1 month and lactic acid-producing and butyric acid-producing probiotics for 6 months. After a 1-month intervention, the frequency of spontaneous and manual defecation, and Bristol score were all significantly improved (P < 0.001). The α-diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly increased after a 1-month intervention (P < 0.05), with a higher abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria and a lower abundance of opportunistic pathogens (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). However, the impersistent effect of the 6-month intervention suggested the insufficient impact of intaking probiotics alone and the short duration of CDF intervention. Moreover, although the intervention had affected the constipation symptoms equally in cerebral palsy children with a general diet and liquid diet, the general diet group showed a greater and more durable change in gut microbiota and clinical phenotypes after intervention than the liquid diet group, which indicated that longer intervention time should be considered for liquid diet children. This study not only illustrated that supplementation of dietary fiber combined with probiotics can improve functional constipation in children with cerebral palsy, but also provides guidance for optimal intervention strategy for future studies, which will further benefit cerebral palsy children.

Clinical trial registration:

http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=46902, identifier: ChiCTR1900028257.
The combination of Chinese and Western Medicine in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: A real-world cohort study across China
Authors: Zhong Linda LD. , Wang Rongsheng , Lam Wai Ching , Zhu Qi , Du Peipei , Cao Pei Hua , Jiang Ting , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Shen Jie , Su Xiao , Xue Luan , Mao Jianchun , Fang Yong Fei , Gao Ming Li , Hu Chun Rong , Peng Jiang Yun , Gu Ying , Wei Qianghua , Huang Runyue , Lyu Aiping , Liu Hongxia , He Dongyi
Published: October 2022

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Integrative medicine (IM), compare with Western medicine (WM), in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a cohort study.

Methods: This is a cohort study with recruitment of RA patients from 10 hospitals in China. The primary outcome was change in disease activity score 28 (DAS28) during 4 follow-up visits. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models that controlled for variables were used to investigate a time trend and assess group differences in the primary outcome and secondary outcomes after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results: A total of 3195 patients with RA received IM (n = 1379, 43.2%) or WM (n = 1816, 56.8%). Following 1:1 propensity score matching, 1,331 eligible patients prescribed IM were compared to 1,331 matched patients prescribed WM. The GEE analysis with PSM showed that the IM was more beneficial to significantly decrease the levels of VAS, PGA and PhGA (VAS: odds ratio (OR), 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63–0.92; p = 0.004; PGA: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92; p = 0.007; and PhGA: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64, 0.93; p = 0.004), and reduce DAS28 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.98; p = 0.030) in the per-protocol population.

Conclusion: This study suggests that compare to WM, IM has advantages in improving RA-related outcomes. However, the statistical significance might not reveal significant clinical difference. Further studies should be focused on specific treatment strategies and/or disease stages.
Electromagnetic flow of casson nanofluid over a vertical riga plate with ramped wall conditions
Authors: Khan Hameed , Ali Farhad , Khan Naveed , Khan Ilyas , Mohamed Abdullah
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to investigate the Casson nanofluids flow theoretically over a vertical Riga plate. The temperature and concentration with ramped and isothermal wall conditions are considered. Moreover, the fluid is considered electrically conducted. Concrete is considered as a base fluid while clay nanoparticles are added to it. The present flow regime is formulated in terms of a system of partial differential equations. Using dimensionless variables, the system of equations with the imposed boundary conditions is non-dimensionalized. The Laplace transform technique is used to calculate the exact solutions for the temperature, concentration, and velocity distributions. The effect of various embedded parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are shown graphically and discussed physically. The variation in the skin friction for various values of clay nanoparticles volume fraction is shown in tabular form. The results indicate that adding 4% clay nanoparticles, enhanced the skin friction up to 7.04% in instance of ramped wall temperature (RWT) and 11.13% in isothermal wall temperature (IWT). This result is worth noting because the increase in skin friction causes rapid compaction of the cementitious materials and improves the tensile strength of the concrete.
Influence of dynamic stretching on ankle joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running economy during treadmill running
Authors: Pamboris George M. , Noorkoiv Marika , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , Powell Douglas W. , Howes Tom , Mohagheghi Amir A.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how dynamic stretching of the plantarflexors may influence running economy. A crossover design with a minimum of 48 h between experimental (dynamic stretching) and control conditions was used. Twelve recreational runners performed a step-wise incremental protocol to the limit of tolerance on a motorised instrumented treadmill. The initial speed was 2.3 m/s, followed by increments of 0.2 m/s every 3 min. Dynamic joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running kinematics during the initial stage of the protocol were calculated. Running economy was evaluated using online gas-analysis. For each participant, the minimum number of stages completed before peak O2 uptake (V̇O2peak) common to the two testing conditions was used to calculate the gradient of a linear regression line between V̇O2 (y-axis) and speed (x-axis). The number of stages, which ranged between 4 and 8, was used to construct individual subject regression equations. Non-clinical forms of magnitude-based decision method were used to assess outcomes. The dynamic stretching protocol resulted in a possible decrease in dynamic ankle joint stiffness (−10.7%; 90% confidence limits ±16.1%), a possible decrease in vertical stiffness (−2.3%, ±4.3%), a possibly beneficial effect on running economy (−4.0%, ±8.3%), and very likely decrease in gastrocnemius medialis muscle activation (−27.1%, ±39.2%). The results indicate that dynamic stretching improves running economy, possibly via decreases in dynamic joint and vertical stiffness and muscle activation. Together, these results imply that dynamic stretching should be recommended as part of the warm-up for running training in recreational athletes examined in this study.
Grafting enhances plants drought resistance: Current understanding, mechanisms, and future perspectives
Authors: Yang Le , Xia Linchao , Zeng Yi , Han Qingquan , Zhang Sheng
Published: October 2022

Drought, one of the most severe and complex abiotic stresses, is increasingly occurring due to global climate change and adversely affects plant growth and yield. Grafting is a proven and effective tool to enhance plant drought resistance ability by regulating their physiological and molecular processes. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding, mechanisms, and perspectives of the drought stress resistance of grafted plants. Plants resist drought through adaptive changes in their root, stem, and leaf morphology and structure, stomatal closure modulation to reduce transpiration, activating osmoregulation, enhancing antioxidant systems, and regulating phytohormones and gene expression changes. Additionally, the mRNAs, miRNAs and peptides crossing the grafted healing sites also confer drought resistance. However, the interaction between phytohormones, establishment of the scion-rootstock communication through genetic materials to enhance drought resistance is becoming a hot research topic. Therefore, our review provides not only physiological evidences for selecting drought-resistant rootstocks or scions, but also a clear understanding of the potential molecular effects to enhance drought resistance using grafted plants.
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms as biocontrol agents of plant diseases: Mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives
Authors: El-Saadony Mohamed T. , Saad Ahmed M. , Soliman Soliman M. , Salem Heba M. , Ahmed Alshaymaa I. , Mahmood Mohsin , El-Tahan Amira M. , Ebrahim Alia A. M. , Abd El-Mageed Taia A. , Negm Shaimaa H. , Selim Samy , Babalghith Ahmad O. , Elrys Ahmed S. , El-Tarabily Khaled A. , AbuQamar Synan F.
Published: October 2022

Plant diseases and pests are risk factors that threaten global food security. Excessive chemical pesticide applications are commonly used to reduce the effects of plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. A major concern, as we strive toward more sustainable agriculture, is to increase crop yields for the increasing population. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) have proved their efficacy to be a green strategy to manage plant diseases, stimulate plant growth and performance, and increase yield. Besides their role in growth enhancement, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria/fungi (PGPR/PGPF) could suppress plant diseases by producing inhibitory chemicals and inducing immune responses in plants against phytopathogens. As biofertilizers and biopesticides, PGPR and PGPF are considered as feasible, attractive economic approach for sustainable agriculture; thus, resulting in a “win-win” situation. Several PGPR and PGPF strains have been identified as effective BCAs under environmentally controlled conditions. In general, any MBCA must overcome certain challenges before it can be registered or widely utilized to control diseases/pests. Successful MBCAs offer a practical solution to improve greenhouse crop performance with reduced fertilizer inputs and chemical pesticide applications. This current review aims to fill the gap in the current knowledge of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), provide attention about the scientific basis for policy development, and recommend further research related to the applications of PGPM used for commercial purposes.
The missing construct: Impathy
Authors: Neubrand Stefanie , Gaab Jens
Published: October 2022

This article is about impathy (introversive empathy), understood as the ability to share in and understand one’s own feelings, which is considered a critical psychological construct relevant for the recovery and maintenance of mental health. However, while the ability to empathize with oneself has received considerable attention from the clinical community, this has not been paralleled by the same scientific scrutiny, which was subject to the ability to empathize with others. Impathy has not yet been operationally defined and thus has remained relatively unexplored, both conceptually and empirically. This work describes an operational definition of impathy with four dimensions: Perceiving, Meta-Position, Accepting Attitude, and Understanding. Issues of differentiation from related constructs are discussed and avenues of clinical applicability are explored, suggesting that impathy exists as a distinct human capacity, which can be assessed and which has important clinical implications. The paper closes with future directions, including the assessment of impathy and possible research questions.
A comparative study on culture-specific and cross-cultural aspects of intercultural relations in Hungary, Serbia, Czech Republic, and Germany
Authors: Genkova Petia , Herbst Jonathan , Schreiber Henrik , Rašticová Martina , Poor Jozsef , Veresné Klara Valentinyi , Suhajda Csilla , Viszetenvelt Andrea , Bjekic Jovana
Published: October 2022

The ability, will, and belief that it is possible to deal effectively with members of other cultural/ethnic groups are still gaining importance all over the world. However, the majority of studies on intercultural relations focus on Western Europe and the USA, applying constructs and theories that replicate a western-centered worldview. As a consequence, it is unclear whether established measures for intergroup attitudes and intercultural competence may be applied in Eastern European countries and to what extent they display comparable ideas, thoughts, and feelings. The current study thus explores cross-cultural commonalities and differences in established measures of ethnic identity, prejudice, acculturation strategies, intercultural intelligence, and multicultural personality. Therefore, we compare the scale structure, difficulty, and sensitivity in samples from Germany and the Eastern European countries Hungary, Serbia, and the Czech Republic (etic-perspective), as well as the culture-specific conceptions of said concepts (emic-perspective). Results show that the investigated scales do not work comparably across German and Eastern European samples. Differences might be rooted in variations of underlying thinking patterns and connotations of single expressions. Those variations are likely to be related to the constant individual societal and historical developments of cultures, shaping the way individuals think and talk about cultural diversity. Future studies are encouraged to consider culture-specific and generalizable aspects of constructs when conducting cross-cultural research on intercultural relations.
Exploring the role of content and language integrated learning approach in developing transversal skills in university students with respect to the mediating role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Jiang Peijun , Akhter Shamim , Azizi Zeinab , Gheisari Asma , Kumar Tribhuwan
Published: October 2022

Although a range of studies has explored the effects of the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach on students’ achievement, its impact on improving university students’ transversal skills (TSs) has remained largely unexplored in Iran. Thus, the present study has a two-fold purpose. First, it aims to investigate the role of the CLIL approach in improving Iranian university students’ TSs. Second, it purports to explore the mediating role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between the CLIL approach and TSs. For this purpose, a survey design was used wherein a research-made questionnaire was distributed among 123 university students to gather the required data. Findings disclosed that the CLIL approach had a positive role in developing the university students’ TSs. Further, the results indicated that EI positively affected the development of TSs in university students. Moreover, the findings evidenced that EI significantly mediated the relationship between the CLIL approach and the development of the university students’ TSs. The study concludes that applying the CLIL approach involves an entirely new paradigm, offering valuable implications for relevant stakeholders.
Face beauty or soul beauty? The influence of facial attractiveness and moral judgment on pain empathy
Authors: Zhu Jiawen , Yang Zhou , Ma Ruining , Yin Lixing , Hu Xucong
Published: October 2022

Previous studies indicated that both facial attractiveness (face beauty) and moral judgment (soul beauty) would impact the responses to others’ pain, however, the effects from facial attractiveness were in controversial. Furthermore, whether facial attractiveness would increase or decrease the effects of moral judgment on pain empathy were still unknown. Based on the videos in which actors with high versus low facial attractiveness under pain or non-pain conditions, study 1 recruited 26 undergraduates to assess the effects of facial attractiveness on participants’ pain intensity rating scores. Then study 2 recruited 85 undergraduates to examine the effects of facial attractiveness and moral judgment on pain empathy by assessing pain intensity and self-uncomfortableness rating scores. Study 1 found that participants rated higher pain intensity scores to actors with high facial attractiveness compared to low facial attractive actors under pain condition. Study 2 found that participants showed higher pain empathic responses for actors with high moral judgment, no matter their facial attractiveness were high or low. For actors with low moral judgment under pain condition, participants showed higher pain empathy to those with high facial attractiveness compared to those with low facial attractiveness. In conclusion, facial attractiveness could facilitate the empathy responses for other’s pain. High facial attractiveness would increase the pain empathic responses to individuals with low moral judgment, however, low facial attractiveness would not decrease the pain empathic responses to individuals with high moral judgment.
Mobile-assisted vocabulary learning through the Shanbay App outside the classroom: Effects of self-regulation and peer scaffolding
Authors: Guo Fengping , Zhang Yuhan , Wu Zhixin
Published: October 2022

Recent decades have witnessed an increasing academic interest in mobile-assisted vocabulary learning. To explore the possible influencing factors on learning outcomes, this study aimed at examining the effects of self-regulation and peer scaffolding on mobile-assisted vocabulary learning among undergraduate students using Shanbay App beyond the classroom. To this end, altogether 71 intermediate-level English learners aged 17–19 years were chosen as participants, with 37 in the experimental group (with peer scaffolding) and 34 in the control group (without peer scaffolding). Data were collected through the Shanbay App regarding participants’ vocabulary learning performance, a self-regulation questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results of factorial ANOVA revealed that peer scaffolding significantly affected mobile vocabulary learning in terms of the days spent in vocabulary learning and the sum of words participants have learned; a main effect of self-regulation and an interaction effect of self-regulation and peer scaffolding were also observed on the sum of learned words. The research is innovative in providing a motivational peer scaffolding framework in mobile vocabulary learning settings, and may provide pedagogical implications for vocabulary teaching in EFL context in higher education.
Assessing language background and experiences among heritage bilinguals
Authors: Macbeth Alessandra , Atagi Natsuki , Montag Jessica L. , Bruni Michelle R. , Chiarello Christine
Published: October 2022

The language backgrounds and experiences of bilinguals have been primarily characterized using self-report questionnaires and laboratory tasks, although each of these assessments have their strengths and weaknesses. The Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), an audio recording device, has recently become more prominent as a method of assessing real-world language use. We investigated the relationships among these three assessment tools, to understand the shared variance in how these measures evaluated various aspects of the bilingual experience. Participants were 60 Southern California heritage bilingual college students who spoke a variety of heritage languages and began to learn English between the ages of 0-to 12-years. Participants completed both self-report and laboratory-based measures of language proficiency and use, and they wore the EAR for 4  days to capture representative samples of their day-to-day heritage language (HL) use. The results indicated that self-reported HL use and English age of acquisition were significant predictors of real-world language use as measured by the EAR. In addition, self-reported HL proficiency and laboratory-based HL proficiency, as measured by verbal fluency, were mutually predictive. While some variability was shared across different assessments, ultimately, none of the measures correlated strongly and each measure captured unique information about the heritage bilingual language experience, highlighting the dissociation between language experience measured at a single point in time and an accumulated life history with a heritage language. These findings may provide guidance for bilingualism researchers about which assessment tool, or combination of tools, may be best for their specific research questions.
Characteristics inhibition defects of children with developmental dyscalculia: Evidence from the ERP
Authors: Chao Wang , Wang Enguo , Yuan Tian , He Qingqing , Zhang Entao , Zhao Junfeng
Published: October 2022

Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is characterized by insufficient mathematical learning ability and weaker mathematical performance than peers who are developmentally typical. As a subtype of learning disability, developmental dyscalculia contributes to deep cognitive processing deficits, mainly manifested as a lack of numerical processing ability. This study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) technology to examine the negative priming effects (NP) between children with and without DD. Behaviorally, trends in mean reaction time (RT) were consistent between children with and without DD under prime and control conditions. The developmental dyscalculia group and the typical developmental (TD) children group showed a significant negative priming effect. However, the magnitude of the NP was significantly different between two groups, with the magnitude being significantly higher in the TD group than the DD group. In terms of the ERPs results, there were significantly larger amplitudes of P100, P200, and P300 in the TD group than that of children with DD. At the same time, in the DD group, N100 and P300 latency were significantly delayed in some electrodes than the TD group. The results indicated that there were characteristic inhibition deficits in children with DD. Inhibition defects in children with DD might be the underlying cause of the development of digital processing ability of children with DD.
Psychological outcomes and associated factors amongst healthcare workers during a single wave, deeper into the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Tang Jianyong , Wu You , Qi Hongyan , Li Dongjing , Shi Jianfei , Wang Wei , Niu Mengmeng , Liu Liang , Wang Dong , Li Xia
Published: October 2022

Background

To date, the repeated breakout of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic across many regions in China has caused continuous physical and mental harm to health care workers. This study investigates the psychological burden of the pandemic and its associated risk factors among Chinese healthcare workers (HCWs) during a single wave of COVID-19.

Methods

For this cross-sectional web-based survey conducted from January 16, 2022 to February 5, 2022, a total of 412 HCWs from Northwestern China were recruited. Their socio-demographic data and COVID-19 related survey variables were then collected using online self-rating questionnaires. In addition, the Chinese versions of well-validated instruments, including the 12-item General Health Questionnaire for psychiatric morbidity, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 for anxiety, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and the Insomnia Severity Index-7 for insomnia, were used to assess the participants' mental health status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was eventually performed to identify the risk factors associated with the psychological outcomes.

Results

Of the 388 participants who were included in the final study (94.17% response rate), the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms were 25.3% (95% CI: 20.9-29.6%), 40.7% (95% CI: 35.8-45.6%), and 30.9% (95% CI: 26.3-35.5%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being a woman and having a perceived need for psychological support were risk factors for all psychological outcomes, while poor disease cognition and perceived susceptibility were risk factors for anxiety. Poor disease cognition and being unvaccinated against COVID-19 were risk factors for depression, with the latter also being an independent risk factor for insomnia.

Conclusion

This study has identified a relatively lower prevalence rate of psychological disorders among Chinese HCWs during a single wave, deeper into the COVID-19 pandemic. Female HCWs, and those who had a perceived need for psychological support, had poor disease cognition, were perceived as susceptible to COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 deserve more attention.
Access, socioeconomic environment, and death from COVID-19 in Nebraska
Authors: Bai He , Schwedhelm Michelle , Lowe John-Martin , Lookadoo Rachel E. , Anderson Daniel R. , Lowe Abigail E. , Lawler James V. , Broadhurst M. Jana , Brett-Major David M.
Published: October 2022

Our study assesses whether factors related to healthcare access in the first year of the pandemic affect mortality and length of stay (LOS). Our cohort study examined hospitalized patients at Nebraska Medicine between April and October 2020 who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and had a charted sepsis related diagnostic code. Multivariate logistic was used to analyze the odds of mortality and linear regression was used to calculate the parameter estimates of LOS associated with COVID-19 status, age, gender, race/ethnicity, median household income, admission month, and residential distance from definitive care. Among 475 admissions, the odds of mortality is greater among those with older age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) and residence in an area with low median household income (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.52–8.57), however, the relationship between mortality and wealth was not statistically significant. Those with non-COVID-19 sepsis had longer LOS (Parameter Estimate: −5.11, adjusted 95% CI: −7.92 to −2.30). Distance from definitive care had trends toward worse outcomes (Parameter Estimate: 0.164, adjusted 95% CI: −1.39 to 1.97). Physical and social aspects of access to care are linked to poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Non-COVID-19 healthcare outcomes may be negatively impacted in the pandemic. Strategies to advance patient-centered outcomes in vulnerable populations should account for varied aspects (socioeconomic, residential setting, rural populations, racial, and ethnic factors). Indirect impacts of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 health outcomes require further study.
Association between horizontal violence and turnover intention in nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yin Rulan , Lu Jing , Cai Jianzheng , Wang Haifang , Shi Xiaoqing , Mao Lifen
Published: October 2022

Background

Horizontal violence is common in nurses. Most published studies have focused on horizontal violence and higher turnover rates in nurses; however, it lacks systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The purpose of this review is to quantitatively assess the correlation between horizontal violence and turnover intention in nurses.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The relationship between horizontal violence and turnover intention in nurses was obtained by systematically searching related literature in four English databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) and three Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang) (up to 6 March 2022). The relationship between horizontal violence and turnover intention was evaluated using Fisher's z-value, which was then converted to r. STATA 16.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. The random-effects model was performed to synthesize data.

Results

A total of 14 studies with 6,472 nurses were included. A low-positive correlation of horizontal violence with turnover intention was found (pooled r=0.32 [0.29–0.34]). Subgroup analysis showed that sample size and quality were not the source of heterogeneity. Measurement tool was the source of heterogeneity. Although geographic region might not be the source of heterogeneity, further subgroup analysis of the country reveals heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's test showed no publication bias.

Conclusion

Horizontal violence had a low positive correlation with turnover intention in nurses. Nurses who experienced horizontal violence were more likely to leave or change careers than those who did not experience horizontal violence. This finding helps to draw attention to horizontal violence by nursing managers and implement effective interventions for nurses, so as to reduce nurses' turnover.
Diversity in people's reluctance to use medical artificial intelligence: Identifying subgroups through latent profile analysis
Authors: Wang Haixia , Sun Qiaoqiao , Gu Li , Lai Kaisheng , He Lingnan
Published: October 2022

Medical artificial intelligence (AI) is important for future health care systems. Research on medical AI has examined people's reluctance to use medical AI from the knowledge, attitude, and behavioral levels in isolation using a variable-centered approach while overlooking the possibility that there are subpopulations of people who may differ in their combined level of knowledge, attitude and behavior. To address this gap in the literature, we adopt a person-centered approach employing latent profile analysis to consider people's medical AI objective knowledge, subjective knowledge, negative attitudes and behavioral intentions. Across two studies, we identified three distinct medical AI profiles that systemically varied according to people's trust in and perceived risk imposed by medical AI. Our results revealed new insights into the nature of people's reluctance to use medical AI and how individuals with different profiles may characteristically have distinct knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding medical AI.
Muscle mass and physical function in patients with bladder cancer—Data from a prematurely terminated prospective cohort study
Authors: Omland Lise Høj , Ammitzbøll Gunn , Lund Cecilia Margareta , Lindberg Henriette , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Suetta Charlotte , Pappot Helle
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients with bladder cancer (BC) have a high prevalence of comorbidity and low adherence to systemic anticancer treatment but it is unknown whether this is associated with sarcopenia.

Objective

We aimed to investigate if the sarcopenia-defining parameters (muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance) were associated with reduced adherence to systemic anticancer treatment in patients with BC, and if these muscle domains changed during treatment.

Methods

Patients >18 years of age with BC referred for chemotherapy or immunotherapy at Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark were eligible for study inclusion. Measurements were performed before treatment initiation and within one week after treatment termination, and consisted of assessments of muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance. Data was compared with thresholds outlined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Patient's (EWGSOP2) guidelines and a healthy, age-matched Danish cohort.

Results

Over a period of 29 months, we included 14 patients of whom two completed follow-up measurements. The recruitment rate was <50% of planned due to logistics and Covid-19 related limitations. Consequently, a decision to prematurely terminate the study was made. No patients fulfilled EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia, but the majority had reduction in one or more muscle domains compared to healthy, age-matched individuals. The majority of patients had poor treatment tolerance, leading to dose reductions and postponed treatments.

Conclusions

In this prematurely terminated study, no patients fulfilled EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia, yet, most patients were affected in one or more muscle domains and the majority had compromised treatment adherence.
A new psychometric task measuring spatial perspective taking in ambulatory virtual reality
Authors: He Chuanxiuyue , Chrastil Elizabeth R. , Hegarty Mary
Published: October 2022

Spatial perspective taking is an essential cognitive ability that enables people to imagine how an object or scene would appear from a perspective different from their current physical viewpoint. This process is fundamental for successful navigation, especially when people utilize navigational aids (e.g., maps) and the information provided is shown from a different perspective. Research on spatial perspective taking is primarily conducted using paper-pencil tasks or computerized figural tasks. However, in daily life, navigation takes place in a three-dimensional (3D) space and involves movement of human bodies through space, and people need to map the perspective indicated by a 2D, top down, external representation to their current 3D surroundings to guide their movements to goal locations. In this study, we developed an immersive viewpoint transformation task (iVTT) using ambulatory virtual reality (VR) technology. In the iVTT, people physically walked to a goal location in a virtual environment, using a first-person perspective, after viewing a map of the same environment from a top-down perspective. Comparing this task with a computerized version of a popular paper-and-pencil perspective taking task (SOT: Spatial Orientation Task), the results indicated that the SOT is highly correlated with angle production error but not distance error in the iVTT. Overall angular error in the iVTT was higher than in the SOT. People utilized intrinsic body axes (front/back axis or left/right axis) similarly in the SOT and the iVTT, although there were some minor differences. These results suggest that the SOT and the iVTT capture common variance and cognitive processes, but are also subject to unique sources of error caused by different cognitive processes. The iVTT provides a new immersive VR paradigm to study perspective taking ability in a space encompassing human bodies, and advances our understanding of perspective taking in the real world.
Why Some People See, Hear, Or Feel “Ghosts”
Authors: Thoksakis Arianna , Papesh Megan H.
Published: October 2022

Think about your favorite scary story. Chances are that story involves seeing or hearing something in a dark, scary place. These stories are so good at scaring us because many people have seen or heard strange things in the dark, especially if they were already scared in the first place. What is it about dark and scary places that can make us think we have seen, heard, or felt a spooky presence? There are many scientific explanations for these fears. Scientists have discovered that what we think are ghosts might actually just be our brains playing tricks on us! This is perfectly normal and results from small errors in the way our brains interpret information from the environment when we are scared. In this article, we will discuss how our brains process fear and why we might see, hear, or even feel a ghostly presence that is not really there!
Conventional versus modified nipple sparing mastectomy in immediate breast reconstruction: Complications, aesthetic, and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Najmiddinov Bakhtiyor , Park Joseph Kyu-hyung , Yoon Kyung-Hwak , Myung Yujin , Koh Hyoung Won , Lee Ok Hee , Hoon Jeong Jae , Shin Hee Chul , Kim Eun-Kyu , Heo Chan Yeong
Published: October 2022

Background

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) followed by immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is the optimal surgical treatment for breast cancer. However, investigations are ongoing to improve the surgical technique to achieve better results. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of modified NSM (m-NSM), which preserves the anterior lamellar fat layer, in patients who underwent IBR.

Methods

All patients who underwent modified NSM (m-NSM) or conventional NSM (c-NSM) followed by IBR using autologous tissue or implants were retrospectively reviewed between January 2014 and January 2021. Two mastectomy types were compared in terms of postoperative complications and aesthetic outcomes using panel assessment scores by physicians and reported outcomes using Breast-Q. In addition, postoperative evaluations of the thickness of mastectomy flap was performed using CT scan images.

Results

A total of 516 patients (580 breasts) with NSM (143 breasts with c-NSM and 437 breasts with m-NSM) followed by IBR were reviewed. The mean ± SD flap thickness was 8.48 ± 1.81 mm in patients who underwent m-NSM, while it was 6.32 ± 1.15 mm in the c-NSM cohort (p = 0.02). The overall major complications rate was lower in the m-NSM group (3.0% vs. 9.0%, p < 0.013). Ischemic complications of the mastectomy flap and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) were more in c-NSM, although the difference was not statistically significant. The mean panel assessment scores were higher in the m-NSM group (3.14 (good) and 2.38 (fair) in the m-NSM and c-NSM groups, respectively; p < 0.001). Moreover, m-NSM was associated with greater improvements in psychosocial (p < 0.001) and sexual (p = 0.007) well-being.

Conclusion

Preserving the anterior lamellar fat in NSM was associated with thicker mastectomy flap, overall lower rates of complications, including ischemia of the mastectomy flap and nipple-areolar complex, and was associated with better aesthetic outcomes and improved quality of life.
The role of mathematical models in designing mechanopharmacological therapies for asthma
Authors: Irons Linda , Brook Bindi S.
Published: October 2022

Healthy lung function depends on a complex system of interactions which regulate the mechanical and biochemical environment of individual cells to the whole organ. Perturbations from these regulated processes give rise to significant lung dysfunction such as chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling characteristic of asthma. Importantly, there is ongoing mechanobiological feedback where mechanical factors including airway stiffness and oscillatory loading have considerable influence over cell behavior. The recently proposed area of mechanopharmacology recognises these interactions and aims to highlight the need to consider mechanobiology when identifying and assessing pharmacological targets. However, these multiscale interactions can be difficult to study experimentally due to the need for measurements across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. On the other hand, integrative multiscale mathematical models have begun to show success in simulating the interactions between different mechanobiological mechanisms or cell/tissue-types across multiple scales. When appropriately informed by experimental data, these models have the potential to serve as extremely useful predictive tools, where physical mechanisms and emergent behaviours can be probed or hypothesised and, more importantly, exploited to propose new mechanopharmacological therapies for asthma and other respiratory diseases. In this review, we first demonstrate via an exemplar, how a multiscale mathematical model of acute bronchoconstriction in an airway could be exploited to propose new mechanopharmacological therapies. We then review current mathematical modelling approaches in respiratory disease and highlight hypotheses generated by such models that could have significant implications for therapies in asthma, but that have not yet been the subject of experimental attention or investigation. Finally we highlight modelling approaches that have shown promise in other biological systems that could be brought to bear in developing mathematical models for optimisation of mechanopharmacological therapies in asthma, with discussion of how they could complement and accelerate current experimental approaches.
TOP key mistakes in the management of SMM theaters that occur in 90% of projects
Authors:   marketing company Nettika, Efimova E.
Published: October 2022

How does the average person relax? The first thing that comes to mind when you have a couple of hours of free time is a cinema. But in the current situation, films that collect box office are not available in Russia, and theaters can fill this segment of entertainment. The main thing is to correctly use this situation to your advantage.
Estrategias metacognitivas de lectura en el aprendizaje del área de comunicación en secundaria
Authors: Taber De la Cruz Yessikha Orielle , Menacho Vargas Isabel , Chávez Espinoza Patricia Emperatriz , Asto Luna Evelyn Lourdes , Raez Martínez Haymin Teresa
Published: October 2022

Existe un bajo nivel de lectura en los países latinoamericanos, parte de esta problemática proviene de las pocas o nulas estrategias de comprensión lectora que se aplican en las escuelas de educación básica. Por tanto, el propósito de la presente investigación es determinar la relación de las estrategias metacognitivas de lectura en el rendimiento académico del área de comunicación en estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de una institución educativa en San Vicente-Cañete. El diseño es no experimental de corte transversal, nivel descriptivo correlacional, de tipo básico, método hipotético deductivo; la muestra fue no probabilística y censal, la cual estuvo constituida por 51 alumnos. Para la recolección de datos se empleó como instrumento un cuestionario que mide estrategias metacognitivas de lectura el cual fue validado mediante juicio experto, y se estimó su confiabilidad mediante el cálculo del alfa de Cronbach, posteriormente se obtuvieron resultados. Concluyéndose que con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson r = 0,705, con un p_ valor = 0,000 < 0,05, que existe una relación alta, estadísticamente significativa y positiva entre las estrategias metacognitivas de lectura y el rendimiento académico en el área de comunicación.
Induced Ovarian Development, Maturation and Ovulation of Domestic Reeves Shad by Hormone Implantation and Injection
Authors: WANG H. P.
Published: October 2022

Reeves shad, Tenualosa reevesii (=Hilsa reevesii), one of the most famous anadro­mous fish in China, is on the verge of extinction. In the face of this crisis, there is an ur­gent need for conservation of this species by way of propagation and culture. In this study, ovarian maturation and ovulation of the pond-cultured shad is induced for the first time with both ecological and hormonal manipulations. Implantations of testosterone alone were effective in priming ovarian development, although these did not induce ovarian matura­tion. Multiple injections of LHRH-A following two implantations of testosterone stimulated the brain-pituitary-ovary axis of the pond-reared shad, inducing development and matura­tion. Induced maturity of 4, 5 and 6 year-old females reached 83.3%, 87.5% and 100%, re­spectively, while controls remained immature. The mature shad responded better to ovula­tion to LHRH-A and DOM treatments than to LHRH-A treatments alone. Results are sig­nificant in developing shad culture and saving this endangered species.
Bangladesh's Shrimp Industry and Sustainable Development: Resource-Use Conflict and the Environment
Authors: ALAUDDIN M. , TISDELL C.
Published: October 2022

Shrimp culture plays a central part in the fisheries sub-sector in Bangladesh. Cultivation of shrimps experienced a spectacular boost over a period of a decade. This led to a significant change in the structure and composition of Bangladesh's export trade. Through a network of backward and forward linkages, shrimp culture has created substantial employment on shrimp farms as well as an increase in ancillary activities such as trade/commerce, processing and marketing. However, the employment and export gains have been achieved at considerable costs. The present paper identifies these costs using a blend of primary and secondary data. The process of shrimp cultivation epitomises conflicting resource-use patterns. Extensive shrimp-farming systems require more land than intensive ones. Given the extreme scarcity of arable land in Bangladesh, this threatens Bangladesh's ability to expand and sustain rice supply as well as salt production. Increased salinity and soil acidification as a result of shrimp culture are believed to have led to decreased rice yields. Furthermore, declining shrimp yields due to continuous use of the same land and use of chemicals are impediments to sustainable land-use in the shrimp belt with potentially serious implications on the sustainability of rural communities and their livelihoods. The adverse effects of shrimp culture on capture fisheries must also be taken into account.
A Trial to Test the Suitability of a Low-Input Cost, Silver Barb (Puntius gonionotus)-Based, Polyculture Model for Seasonal Ponds in Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: MORRICE C.P.
Published: October 2022

An affordable polyculture system was developed and found appropriate for seasonal ponds with a mean culture season of <220 days and situated in poor soil types. The three main species used were silver barb, Puntius gonio,iotus, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and common carp, Carpio carpio. Pond preparation a nd management was dependent upon the use of lime, cow manure, triple super phosphate (TSP) and urea. Duck weed, Lemna sp., green vegetable leaves and rice bran were the principle supplementary feeds. This system raised production levels from a baseline of 740 kg*ha·1 to 2,195 kg•ha·1 with a cost benefit ratio of 1:3.8.
Diabetes Mellitus II como fator de risco à Aterogênese / Diabetes Mellitus II as a risk factor for Atherogenesis
Authors: Oliveira Carolline Damas de Andrade , Ostrowski Renata Batista , Ramos Ellen Cristine Pacheco , Valentini Maria Gabriela Teixeira , Dantas Rebeka Daiany Duarte , Trindade Gabriella Fernandes , Duarte Angélica Souza , Tavares Matheus Cattini Sampaio
Published: October 2022

Sabe-se que o diabetes mellitus 2 (DMII) está intimamente ligado aos efeitos aterogênicos da dislipidemia relacionada ao diabetes. Níveis elevados de insulina predispõem ao desenvolvimento de doenças arteriais.  O mecanismo patológico compartilhado entre a aterosclerose e o diabetes tipo 2 inclui a elevação de citocinas como MCP-1 e interleucina-6 (IL-6), que contribuem para a inflamação, evoluindo para progressão acelerada da aterosclerose pré-existente. O objetivo da revisão de literatura é apresentar a relação do DMII como fator de risco para a aterogênese. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nos bancos de dados Scielo e LILACS por meio da biblioteca BVS/Bireme. Utillizou-se os descritores: “Diabetes Mellitus II”, “aterogênese” e “risco”. É sabido que a cascata de reações causadas pela hiperglicemia corrobora para distúrbios metabólicos responsáveis pela mudança estrutural e funcional nos vasos sanguíneos, contribuindo para a lesão progressiva do endotélio e aterogênese.