bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser utilizing tungsten sulfide as saturable absorber
Authors:   School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Dungun, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, Ali U. U. M. , Harun S. W. ,   Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zulkipli N. F. ,   Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Rosol A. H. A. ,   Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Rahman H. A. ,   School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Jusoh Z. ,   School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Dungun, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, Yasin M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya (60115) Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Dual-wavelength Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was shown by using tungsten disulfide (WS2), which was deposited onto a micro-sphere resonator (MSR) as a saturable absorber (SA). WS2 functions to modulate the cavity loss for Q-switching while the dual-wavelength operation was realized due to MSR, which allows only two wavelengths to oscillate in the resonator. MSR with the sphere diameter of 200 μm was fabricated at the tip of a standard single mode-fiber by employing a fiber fusion splicer machine. The SA was obtained by repeatedly dropping and drying of WS2 solution onto the MSR structure to form an active thin layer. The SA was incorporated into an EDFL cavity to realize a dual-wavelength Q-switched laser operating at 1554.0 nm and 1560.7 nm. The repetition rate of the pulse train is tunable from 72.4 kHz to 85.1 kHz as the pump power is increased from 104.6 mW to 145.8 mW. At 145.8 mW pump, the minimum pulse width and maximum pulse energy were obtained at 3.47 µs and 131.4 nJ, respectively. The dual-wavelength Q-switched laser was stable and thus it is suitable for use in airborne Lidar, environmental sensing, and terahertz applications.
Comparative analysis of the effect of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of chemically deposited CeO2/ZnO and CeO2/NiO core-shell thin films for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Kalu P. N. , Augustine C. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Nwachukwu A. N. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Chikwenze R. A. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Amadi S. O. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Robert B. J. ,   Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Okpani P.E. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Daniel T. O. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Ukwu C. N. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Obot E. P. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Dike C. O. ,   Department of Physics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Okoro R.O. ,   Department of Physics, Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Published: February 2023

This paper describes the deposition and characterization of CeO2/ZnO and CeO2/NiO coreshell thin films with emphasis on the effect of post deposition temperature on the optical properties and structural patterns. The structural temperature-dependent analysis indicated different XRD patterns for both films. However, both films are polycrystalline as depicted by the various peaks in the XRD diffractograms. The SEM images for both films differ in terms of their particle aggregation and distribution. The dependence of the transmittance, absorption coefficient, band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, imaginary dielectric constant on annealing temperature were investigated. The results showed that the transmittances of the films were significantly reduced by the heat treatments. The transmittance reduced from 92% to 65% for CeO2/ZnO film samples and 63% to 30% for CeO2/NiO film samples. The band gap showed considerable variation with annealing temperatures. The band gaps of all samples were in ranges of 1.75–3.85 eV and 3.50- 3.88eV for CeO2/ZnO and CeO2/NiO core-shell thin films respectively. The values of the energy band gap strongly indicate that the films can be used in different optoelectronic applications including solar photovoltaic.
CONTROLLABLE PREPARATION AND DRUG RELEASE BEHAVIOR OF DUAL-LOADED NANOFIBROUS MATS
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, Shanghai, China, SHAOJIE T. , HUIWEN G. ,   Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, Shanghai, China, JING G. ,   Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, Shanghai, China, LU W. ,   Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, Shanghai, China
Published: February 2023

Using Chitosan/PEO as the shell and PCL as the core, the effects of electrospinning parameters on the fine control of core-shell structure nanofibers were discussed. Study results showed that the injection velocity ratio of the core solution to the shell solution could influence the core-shell microstructure of the nanofibers closely. Packing the analgesic lidocaine hydrochloride (Lid) in the shell and antibacterial curcumin (Cur) in the core constructed CS-PEO-Lid/PCL-Cur dual-loaded nanofibers. The dual-loaded nanofibers had clear core-shell structure without the drug particles accumulating.The drugs were mainly distributed in the amorphous region of the polymers uniformly. In vitro release tests showed that both the release of Lid and Cur were via Fick diffusion. Drugs release in the different core-shell microstructures exhibited different release ratios. Moreover, a rapid release of Lid and a sustained release of Cur were observed to provide the immediate effects of analgesia and long-term antibacterial activity in the process of wound healing. So the dual-loaded coaxial nanofiber mats with controllable microstructure and sequential drug-release abilities could be a promising wound dressing
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT ATOMIC NUMBER IONS IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON BENZOCYLOBUTENE MATERIAL
Authors:   Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting,School of Information Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China, SUN S. X. , ZHONG Y. H. ,   School of Physics and Microelectronics , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China, YAO R. X. ,   Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting,School of Information Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China, CHEN F. J. ,   Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting,School of Information Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China, LI Y. X. ,   School of Physics and Microelectronics , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the irradiation effect of different atomic number incident ions on benzocylobutene(BCB) material was investigated by using the Monte Carlo method. The results indicated that the projected range of theof the ions got decreased and the irradiation damage region was moved closer to the surface with the increase of ion atomic number. However, the stopping power was increased with the increase of ion atomic number. Moreover, with the increase of the atomic number, particle distribution, ionization energy loss, vacancies and phonons are more in the irradiation damage zone, the radiation damage mechanism caused by the recoil atoms gradually dominates, and the influence caused by the incident particles is becoming secondary
INFLUENCE OF POST-DEPOSITION ANNEALING ON THE INDIUM TIN OXIDE THIN FILMS GROWN BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, MUSTAPHA N. , ALAKHRAS A. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, IDRISS H. ,   Deanship of scientific research, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2023

Transparent thin-film Indium Tin Oxides (ITO) were prepared on glass substrates using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process with an average thickness of 150 nm. Post-deposition annealing was performed on the samples in a wide range of temperatures from 250 to 650 0C. The surface structures of as-deposited and annealed ITO films were analyzed using the x-ray diffraction (XRD). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was carried out on all samples to verify any change in the grain sizes, and in the roughness of the oxide thin film surfaces. The transmittance spectra of the annealed samples were also investigated using spectrophotometer measurements. Energy band gaps Eg were calculated from the optical spectra for all films. It was found that the optical band gap values decreased as the annealing temperature was increased. To compare the effect of the annealing on refractive index n and extinction coefficient k properties, additional measurements were done on the samples pre and post annealing using an ellipsometer. It is noted that the annealed ITO films resulted in a noticeable improvement in the crystalline structure and an increase in the surface roughness. Furthermore, their maintained good optical properties made them very favorable to be used in different disciplines such as anodes of the solar cells and as protective coatings in space windows.
Education of pedagogical university students on media competence under the conditions of the transformation of the educational process
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Musifullin Salavat Rishatovich
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of information literacy education, the systematic management of media education and the media literacy of future teachers. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of developing media literacy of pedagogical university students under the conditions of transformation of the educational process. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the logic of an educational experiment. The development of favorable conditions contributing to the formation of media literacy was based on the analysis of successful educational practices. The empirical data were analyzed and summarized. The sample consisted of 256 undergraduate students studying Education. Criteria and corresponding level indicators of media competence formation were developed in order to check the validity of research findings. In the development of criteria for the formation of media literacy of future teachers, adequate and proven methods were used for validity and reliability. The development of favorable conditions to facilitate the development of media literacy was based on the analysis of successful pedagogical practices. The obtained data were interpreted and analyzed. In order to calculate the reliability of statistical data and the accuracy of the results, the formulas of Ryulon, Spearman-Brown and Kronbach were used. Results. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature made it possible to clarify the concept of media literacy, to determine the main educational mechanisms and conditions for the formation of media literacy. The proposed definition of media literacy made it possible to designate it as one of the professional competencies of a future teacher. The formative experiment involved the revision of the teaching content and the creation of effective and relevant educational conditions for the formation of students’ media literacy. It is noted that the indicators of media literacy formation are observed within the framework of interdisciplinary educational events in extracurricular activities. Student associations and activities allowed students to put media literacy skills into practice. Within the framework of student associations, students' perception of the importance of the ability to critically perceive information, the need for verification, the significance of the ability to work with various sources of information has changed. Conclusions. The author concludes that the conditions implemented within the framework of the educational process ensure the successful formation of media literacy in pedagogical university students.
Derecho al olvido: desafío fotografías o videos íntimos en Colombia
Authors: Guevara Tulcán Luisa Fernanda
Published: February 2023

En el presente artículo, se enmarcan los diferentes contextos profesionales o laborales donde la mujer es discriminada por razones de género, lo anterior con la finalidad de resaltar que, a pesar del arduo trabajo que se ha venido desarrollando a lo largo de la historia para proteger a las mujeres de la discriminación laboral, existen aún en Colombia muchos casos de vulneración a los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres. Por lo tanto, se diseña una estrategia educativa que fomente el respeto y la igualdad para las mujeres trabajadoras de la ciudad de Villavicencio y así promover la defensa de sus derechos, el empoderamiento femenino para ocupar altos cargos directivos en las diferentes entidades del sector privado, en el Municipio de Villavicencio, departamento del Meta.
El rol del documento electrónico como material probatorio en el Derecho Colombiano
Authors: Peñuela Jiménez Laura Camila
Published: February 2023

El documento electrónico es toda información generada a través de elementos electrónicos, sin embargo en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, este es referido al mensaje de datos y no cuenta con una descripción especial por lo cual se hace necesario establecer las características para identificar el documento electrónico y analizar su esencia como material probatorio y en dado caso, afirmar la necesidad de la regulación directa respecto de sus origen, validez y características para permitir que el documento electrónico pueda convertirse y ser aceptado en el ordenamiento colombiano como material probatorio.
El impacto de la explotación de recursos naturales en el Guaviare y la Amazonia: una reflexión pendiente
Authors: Sánchez Cortés Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

En este escrito se problematiza la utilización desmedida de los recursos naturales en el departamento del Guaviare y la Amazonia, así como el impacto económico que generan estos hechos cuando no hay conciencia del consumo.
Educación financiera, un agregado importante en la juventud colombiana
Authors: Herrera Monje Diego Alfredo
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo aborda la educación financiera como una herramienta para la economía personal y familiar frente a una situación de emergencia como lo es la pos pandemia. Se presenta entonces un campo necesario para la formación de una nueva generación de empresarios, que aporten al buen funcionamiento de la economía del país.
Poder adquisitivo e impacto macroeconómico: realidades en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Cubides Beltrán Leidy Marcela
Published: February 2023

En este escrito se hace una reflexión sobre la relación entre el poder adquisitivo y el impacto macroeconómico, para esto, se abordan las características de la exportación, la inflación, la estanflación y las políticas monetarias en el contexto colombiano. Para ello, se plantean unos juicios principales, de forma que el lector pueda tener un entorno macroeconómico que le permita entender el movimiento económico del país.
La narrativa breve de José Fernández Bremón a la luz de la sátira menipea
Authors: Forcadell Joan Antoni
Published: February 2023

Este artículo propone una lectura de la narrativa breve de José Fernández Bremón a la luz de la tradición de la sátira menipea lucianesca como género o modalizador discursivo, sostenida en las intertextualidades rastreables en los Sueños de Francisco de Quevedo. Se pone especial énfasis en lugares comunes y motivos como el somnium, los flujos entre el más acá y el más allá, la transmigración de las almas, la ridiculización de doctrinas filosóficas y teorías científicas, el diálogo entre muertos y la sátira de tipos sociales como médicos, boticarios,sabios herejes y supersticiosos, pasteleros y despenseros.
Making Herstories Visible through Translation: Female Spanish Authors and the Golden Age
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús
Published: February 2023

The literary canon has been traditionally governed by men and it is important to make the works of women visible in order to make the canon democratic. The Spanish Golden Age is blossoming period and there are well known male authors like Lope de Vega, but rarely do authors like Catalina Ramírez de Guzmán or Leonor de la Cueva Silva come to the mind of someone thinking about the Spanish Golden Age. Translation may play a key role to provide female authors with visibility in other languages. The main objective of this study is to translate three poems which were written in the Spanish Golden Age into English to provide them with more visibility. As a conclusion, it is important to promote the translation of literary works written by female authors because they have been historically silenced, and it is through translation that they can be made visible.
Experiencias metodológicas con perspectiva de género y enfoque territorial en el entorno rural extremeño: mujeres, actividad agraria y deporte
Authors: Chano Regaña Lorena
Published: February 2023

Este arti?culo presenta la metodologi?a aplicada en las li?neas de investigacio?n “las mujeres y la actividad agraria” y “las mujeres y el deporte”, enmarcadas ambas en el Proyecto de Investigacio?n “Igualdad de ge?nero en el entorno rural y municipal de Extremadura: diagno?stico y propuestas”, a la vez que reflexiona sobre los problemas metodolo?gicos y las dificultades encontradas en la investigacio?n. Entre ellas, la falta de sintoni?a entre los datos de los registros oficiales y los datos obtenidos en la investigacio?n; el sesgo en la muestra cualitativa; y la complejidad de acceder a ciertos perfiles de mujeres en la recogida de datos cualitativos. Todo ello con el objetivo final de plantear el marco juri?dico problema?tico que se extrae de la investigacio?n en relacio?n con el principio de igualdad y no discriminacio?n y con las leyes que lo desarrollan en el a?mbito de la actividad agraria y deportiva en el entorno rural extremen?o. Para ello, en primer lugar, se contextualizara? la investigacio?n y se ofrecera? un breve marco teo?rico en el cual asentar la hipo?tesis de partida. En segundo lugar, se describira? la metodologi?a utilizada, poniendo especial e?nfasis en la perspectiva de ge?nero y en el enfoque territorial, a la vez que se alude a las dificultades surgidas en la recopilacio?n de los datos. En tercer lugar, se discutira?n los principales datos obtenidos en la investigacio?n, sus contradicciones y el sesgo detectado en la muestra cualitativa. Finalmente, se ofrecera?n unas conclusiones sobre la idoneidad de la metodologi?a empleada en la investigacio?n y los resultados que evidencian la falta de eficacia del marco juri?dico aplicable para lograr la igualdad real de las mujeres en el entorno rural, particularmente en lo que se refiere a la actividad agraria y al acceso al deporte.
El rescate de voces femeninas y la construcción de la «memoria cultural» en pequeñas mujeres rojas de Marta Sanz
Authors: Ventura Laura
Published: February 2023

Resumen: Marta Sanz construye en pequeñas mujeres rojas una novela policial y política a través de un relato polifónico femenino, donde hay víctimas y detectives no tradicionales. A partir de una pesquisa concreta –la investigación y búsqueda de fosas comunes de la Guerra Civil española– Sanz explora diferentes tipos de violencia en una ficción que, por momentos, incursiona en lo fantástico. A partir de la labor de un grupo de mujeres, y de la recolección de testimonios sepultados o acallados, la escritora española disecciona la necesidad y las implicancias del compromiso individual como modo de construcción de la «memoria cultural», en términos de Aleida Assmann.
El Palacio de la Nunciatura: Porfirio Barba Jacob en sus espacios íntimos
Authors: Zuluaga Esnedy
Published: February 2023

En 1920 el poeta colombiano Porfirio Barba Jacob reescribió el poema “Tragedias en la obscuridad” y lo tituló “Acuarimántima”. El proceso de escritura se dio en el Palacio de la Nunciatura donde brotó como un hechizo la palabra “Acuarimántima”. El recinto y todo lo que allí ocurrió alrededor de la nueva versión del poema es el motivo de esta investigación de carácter biográfico. Varios artistas participaron de las tertulias nocturnas en las que ocurrieron supuestos fenómenos espiritistas. Este ambiente propició la dinámica creativa del surgimiento de “Acuarimántima”, además de dar cuenta de la bohemia del México de los años veinte.
El Covid-19 y la crisis del regionalismo latinoamericano: lecciones que pueden ser aprendidas y sus limitaciones
Authors: Castro Alegría Rafael , Nolte Detlef
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo hace un balance de la respuesta de las organizaciones regionales latinoamericanas y caribeñas al covid-19. En especial, se pregunta si éstas han contribuido a hacer frente a la pandemia y se busca encontrar explicaciones para la considerable divergencia entre las respuestas de nueve organizaciones regionales. En ese orden de ideas, en primer lugar, se señala que el regionalismo latinoamericano ya se encontraba en crisis antes de la llegada del covid-19. Algunas de las características de esta crisis eran: una decreciente regionalización económica, una creciente polarización política regional, y la parálisis y la desintegración de algunas organizaciones regionales como la UNASUR. Es por eso que se argumenta que las expectativas con respecto al desempeño de las organizaciones regionales eran bastante bajas. Posteriormente, combinando fuentes académicas y primarias, se hace una valoración de las acciones desplegadas por cada organización frente a la pandemia del covid-19. Estas acciones se dividen en tres para su evaluación: el compartir información, la coordinación interestatal y la acción colectiva (interna y externa). En esa valoración se obtuvieron resultados mixtos: hubo algunas organizaciones que tuvieron un buen desempeño y otras que tuvieron un bajo rendimiento, en especial si se tienen en cuenta sus mandatos fundacionales y la totalidad de sus capacidades institucionales. En segundo lugar, con base en la literatura sobre organizaciones internacionales y regionales se propone que son cuatro las variables que tienen mayor poder explicativo para dar cuenta de la divergencia de esas respuestas de las instituciones regionales a la pandemia: la diferenciación funcional, la autonomía de las organizaciones, el liderazgo y el conocimiento (know-how) acumulado. En tercer lugar, el artículo deriva unas lecciones más generales para el regionalismo latinoamericano de estas respuestas regionales al covid-19 (y de la ausencia de éstas en algunos casos). Se defiende la idea de que un regionalismo más técnico, diferenciado funcionalmente y segmentado puede resistir mejor los embates de la polarización ideológica y los inevitables cambios de ciclo político en América Latina. Especialmente, si se compara con los riesgos de parálisis y crisis de organizaciones “sombrilla” que abarcan una gran multiplicidad de temas a través de numerosos consejos u otro tipo de subunidades.
Taxation of Crypto Assets in Lithuania and abroad: evaluations, proposals for improvement
Authors: Idkinaitė Sandra , Grumulaitis Artūras
Published: February 2023

The article analyses national and foreign approaches to the legal regulation of ICO, STO and cryptocurrencies from a comparative perspective, examines the models of taxation of crypto assets in Lithuania and Japan, and pays special attention to the legal regulation in Germany as an EU country. It concludes that the tax and legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in Lithuania and Germany is similar, as both countries follow the principle of neutrality – they do not prohibit, but they do not regulate by law. The paper also makes recommendations for recognising cryptocurrencies as legal tender by including regulation of crypto assets in national tax laws, defining types of crypto assets, uniform concepts, and taxation principles. According to the authors, such a solution would provide more legal certainty for natural and legal persons and would help to manage the risks associated with crypto assets.
Bionic man – offender of criminal law
Authors: Lapienytė Kristina , Latakaitė Greta
Published: February 2023

The article aims to analyse who a bionic man is and whether a bionic person can be a subject of a criminal deed according to Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
Experience of using epidural labour analgesia in developing countries: effects to feotus and mother
Authors: Mohammad Noor , Xueping Han , Hasan Tarikul , Miao Chen , Ara Samim
Published: February 2023

Background: Epidural analgesia is regarded one of the one techniques used to relieve pains associated with labor among women used and recommended by many among the 21st century modern obstetric practitioners. The technique has advantages and disadvantages but also there is myth surrounding the practice such as its impact towards the mother and the baby. Objectives: The major objective of this study was to investigate and assess the effect(s) of epidural analgesia in regard to labor progress, baby, mother and the mode of delivery. The study further aimed at finding out complications associated with the technique in regard to neonate and the effect of the practice in regard to APGAR score. Methods: This study was conducted in a period of one year from April 2016 to February 2018 at Square Hospital Limited, Panthapath, Dhaka Bangladesh. 50 women were given epidural analgesia as a technique to relieve pains during labour, and other 50 women were put in group serving as a control. Key areas of interest during the study were; the duration of active first and second stage(s), The APGAR score, the mode of delivery, reaction after giving epidural analgesia, and Mother’s satisfaction rate. Results: There was no huge difference in the two groups in regard to deliveries as a result of operation; control group stood at 8%, while study group was at 6%. There was also comparable need of oxytocin. The study also observed no life threatening side effect with very good rating of satisfaction in regard to relieving pains. The study credits Epidural analgesia is for high rate normal delivery and a small percentage of lower segment caesarean option.
Particulate morphology and textural characteristics of nanosilica hydro-compacted at various wetting degree
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gun’ko V. M. , Turov V. V. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The particulate morphology and textural characteristics of nanosilica A–300, initial and hydro-compacted (cA–300) by wetting with various amounts of water in the range of h = 0.5–5.0 g per gram of dry silica, strongly stirred and then dried, have been analyzed using low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy (treated-dried-wetted samples), small angle X-ray scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption methods (treated-dried-degassed samples). The effects of the hydro-compaction of A-300 depend strongly on the wetting degree with maximum changes at h = 1.5–2.0 g/g. The wetting degree could be varied to control the reorganization of aggregates of nonporous nanoparticles (NPNP, which are composed of tightly packed adherent proto-particles or nuclei) and agglomerates of aggregates (secondary and ternary structures, respectively), as well as visible particles; i.e., there is a penta-level structural hierarchy of nanosilica with three-level supra-NPNP structures. The hydro-compaction is accompanied by non-monotonic changes in the morphological and textural characteristics of cA–300 vs. h. However, the nanoparticles are much weaker affected by the treatment than higher hierarchical structures. At h £ 1 g/g, the reorganization of aggregate/agglomerate structures does not lead to diminution of the specific surface area (SSA); however, at h ³ 1.5 g/g, the SSA value decreases, but the pore volume (estimated from nitrogen adsorption) increases despite the empty volume (estimated from the bulk density rb) of the powder decreases from 21.8 cm3/g for initial A–300 (rb = 0.045 g/cm3) to 3.45 cm3/g on hydro-compaction at h = 4.5 g/g (rb = 0.256 g/cm3), pores become more ordered with a predominant contribution of cylindrical shapes. The textural reorganization of dried hydro-compacted nanosilica is possible again after addition of new water amount. This suggests that the chemical bonds between neighboring nanoparticles do not practically form upon the hydro-compaction and subsequent drying. Thus, hydro-compacted nanosilica loses a dust-forming property (since rb strongly increases), but it remains active with respect to the NPNP mobility, e.g., in aqueous media, and the possibility of the reorganization of the supra-NPNP structures remains under various external actions that is of importance from a practical point of view.
Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum effect on rubber-cnt composites
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Karachevtseva L. A. , Trachevskiy V. V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lytvynenko O. O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kartel M. T. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

We investigated influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) on spectral characteristics of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”on the base of butadiene-nitrile rubber at 0–10 % of CNTs. IR reflectance maxima of composites were measured in the spectral area of the rubber CH deformation and valence vibrations. IR absorption spectra of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” after vulcanization includes some giant two-polar oscillations. IR absorption spectrum of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” at 1 % of CNTs without vulcanization includes the alone two-polar oscillation. Two-photon interference is a result of quantum entanglement of dipole-active vibrations and photon splitting according to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum effect. Two-photon maximal entanglement saturation is called as Bell states. HOM quantum effect is perspective for high-coherent optical quantum computers on composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”.
Colloidal-chemical synthesis of composite bentonite - ferromagnetic powder
Authors:   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Ukraine, Bohatyrenko V. A. , Kamenskyh D. S. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yevdokymenko V. O. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Andreieva O. V. ,   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Ukraine, Olyanovska M. O. ,   National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Ukraine
Published: February 2023

In this paper it is discussed the colloidal-chemical method of synthesis of dispersed composite bentonite-ferromagnetic powders that are stable to oxidation. It is shown that for this purpose it is advisable to use acid-activated bentonite clay with a high content of clay mineral - montmorillonite. Modified bentonite is a slightly amorphized silica product that serves as a porous matrix for crystallization of goethite α-FeOOH. The formation of goethite occurs at the centers of crystallization - particles of ferrihydrite stabilized by activated bentonite (Fh) during precipitation with an ammonia solution from a ferrum(ІІІ) hydroxide FeO(OH)×nH2O colloidal solution. In the resulting composite, goethite particles are cemented in the aluminosilicate framework of activated dispersed clay as a result of the interpenetration of the structures of the double layered hydroxide and activated bentonite. Further recrystallization of goethite with the formation of mainly magnetite and possibly maghemite in the structure of activated bentonite is provided by thermal firing of composite goethite powder with the addition of metallic iron powder. The methods of IR spectroscopy, X-ray structural analysis, electron microscopy and the study of magnetic properties showed that the obtained composite powder is environmentally friendly and exhibits the properties of a soft magnetic material. Such powders are promising for use as sorbents for environmental cleaning, as well as for biomedical purposes due to their low toxicity and high value of saturation magnetization.
Evaluation of demulsifiers efficiency for coal tar dehydration according to the value of its viscosity reduction
Authors:   State Enterprise Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute, Bannikov L. P. , Miroshnichenko D. V. ,   National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute Ukraine, Borisenko O. L. ,   State Enterprise Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute, Bannikov A. L. ,   National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute Ukraine
Published: February 2023

For the first time, the relationship between the efficiency of dehydration and the value of reducing the viscosity of the coal tar by adding demulsifier has been studied for “water in tar” emulsions. The dewatering of coal tar emulsions was investigated using 12 demulsifiers with different relative water solubility indices (RSN = 8.2–14.5) for tars of different pyrolysis grades. The effect of a series of demulsifiers on the viscosity of the dispersion medium of “water-in-tar” emulsions was studied. A low-pyrolysis tar was taken as a model of dispersion medium of emulsions with 1.2 % moisture content and 1.0 % of quinoline insoluble substances. A bottle test was used for a comparative evaluation of the demulsifying activity. The rheological characteristics of the studied tars were determined with a rotational controlled-shear rate rheometer Brookfield DV2T in a temperature range between 30 and 65 °C. When demulsifiers were added to the tar and the mixture was aged for 24 h, a decrease in viscosity was observed. When measured without withstanding, the viscosity of the mixture decreases in some cases only at a sufficiently high heating temperature (58 °C). The comparison of the dewatering efficiency with the mixture viscosity at 58 °C shows a linear dependence: the more the tar viscosity decreases when the demulsifier is added, the higher the dewatering efficiency when using this demulsifier for tars of different pyrolytic degree. Decreasing the viscosity of the tar promotes the coalescence of water drops and the diffusion rate of the demulsifier through the dispersion medium to the water-tar interface, which increases the efficiency of dewatering. The selectivity of tar dehydration by the studied demulsifiers is preserved for both low- and high-pyrolyzed coal tars. In the area of low viscosity reduction of the dispersion medium, the role of RSN is considerably higher, and an increase in the hydrophilicity of the reagent contributes to better dehydration. This may be due to the increased wetting ability of demulsifiers concerning emulsion stabilizers.
Porous structure and adsorption properties of magnesium silicates synthesized by three routes
Authors:   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kravchenko M. V. , Kuznetsova L. S. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Terebilenko A. V. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tsyba M. M. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Romanova I. V. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The aim of presented work was to synthesize the ecologically friendly sorbents using low cost reagents based on magnesium silicates by precipitation, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. Morphology of materials obtained was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), low temperature adsorption/desorption method, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies (SEM and TEM). It has been found that all sorbents are obtained in a form of amorphous layer-structure magnesium silicates with the micro- and mesoporous structure. Based on low temperature nitrogen isotherms, the specific surface area and volume of micropores calculated by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods were the greatest for the sample obtained by sol gel method (SBET = 640 m2/g, Vmicro = 0.26 cm3/g) while the sample synthesized by precipitation had the biggest volume of mesopores among the materials investigated (Vmeso = 0.39 cm3/g). As follows from TEM images, all samples consist of particles with the size from 10 up to 50 nm, the sample synthesized by sol gel method had the most homogeneous structure (MgSi-3). The ion exchange capacities of materials in the process of Cs+, Sr2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ removing from aqueous solution were determined and it was found that these properties depend on the method of materials obtaining. Data showed that magnesium silicate synthesized by precipitation method has the higher capacity toward the heavy metal cations compared to the radionuclides (1.56 and 0.96 mmol/g for cobalt and copper, respectively). For two samples synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods the increasing was fixed of capacity towards cesium and strontium ions that could be explained by the significant amounts of pores approx 2.6 nm radii in their structure. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir models. Analysing the data of adsorption studies, it was noted that all materials obtained can be used in adsorption technology for purification of water from heavy metal ions and radionuclides.
You Code It! Answers: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: February 2023

The coding challenge presented elsewhere in this issue was based on a neonate born at approximately 37 weeks’ gestation who is found to have neonatal jaundice. The diagnosis and procedure codes for each of the examples appear here.
Problem gaming-related harm experienced by partners and parents of individuals with gaming problems and their help-seeking experiences
Authors: Szász-Janocha Carolin , Magann Michaela , Gold Hannah , Lindenberg Katajun , Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel L.
Published: February 2023

Background and aims

Limited research has investigated how individuals' problem gaming affects significant others. The present study investigated the extent to which partners and parents were personally affected by their partner or child's problematic gaming behavior and what steps, if any, were taken in relation to treatment and other help-seeking by the gamers and the respondents themselves.

Methods

Two targeted samples (parents, n = 104; partners, n = 264) in Australia were recruited and administered an online survey. The survey assessed gaming-related harm across multiple domains, including financial, relationship, emotional wellbeing, physical health and work/study. Treatment and help-seeking questions referred to seeking psychological assistance, self-help, and community support. Non-parametric tests compared groups on harm measures based on GD status.

Results

Parents and partners of individuals rated in the ‘problem gaming’ range reported significantly greater harms compared to those in the at-risk and non-problem categories. The most frequently endorsed harms were in the relationship domain, including neglected household responsibilities, withdrawal from social events, and relationship conflict. Some parents consult with friends and family (15%) to resolve their child's gaming-related problems. Partners reported to seek outside support and assistance for themselves, including 30% who sought a psychologist. No partners reported having consulted a psychologist for their gaming partner.

Discussion

Problem gaming affects significant others across multiple life areas, but few seek outside help or support, suggesting there may be significant unmet needs.

Conclusions

Further research should examine factors that influence acceptance and engagement with problem gaming help options. Harm indicators may be useful for evaluating targeted interventions and other measures to reduce problem gaming.
The Geography of Urbanism in Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Willet Rinse
Published: February 2023

The Geography of Urbanism in Roman Asia Minor investigates how Roman urbanism manifested itself in Asia Minor during the first three centuries CE, particularly with regards to its spatial patterning over the landscape and the administrative, economic and cultural functions cities fulfilled, and how cities developed in terms of size and monumentality. It also addresses to what extent this was a result of political and socio-cultural and economic context and to what extent ‘structural determinants’, such as the physical topography, agricultural potential and climate (including the shifts/changes therein) influenced the observed patterns. As Asia Minor was already dotted by cities long before the Romans got a hold on this area during the second century BCE, this work compares urbanism of the first three centuries CE with the patterns of cities during the first millennium BCE (Classical and Hellenistic period particularly) and the Byzantine and Ottoman patterns, creating a long term perspective. The book contains an appendix with the information for the 500 cities and 1000 villages in Asia Minor.
Uruk: The First City
Authors: Liverani Mario
Published: February 2023

Uruk is the first fully historical analysis of the origins of the city and of the state in southern Mesopotamia, the region providing the earliest evidence in world history related to these seminal developments. Contrasting his approach—influenced by V. Gordan Childe and by Marxist theory—with the neo-evolutionist ideas of (especially) American anthropological theory, Liverani argues that the innovations that took place during the ‘Uruk period’ (most of the fourth millennium bce) were a ‘true revolution’ that fundamentally changed all aspects of society and culture. This book is unique in its historical approach and its combination of archaeological and textual sources. It develops an argument that weaves together a vast amount of information and places it within a context of contemporary scholarly debates on such questions as the ancient economy and world systems. It explains the roots of these debates briefly without talking down to the reader. The book is accessible to a wider audience, while it also provides a cogent argument about the processes involved to specialists in the field.
Glacial Archaeology
Authors: Dixon E. James
Published: February 2023

.
Through Thick and Thin Ice
Authors: Ceruti Constanza
Published: February 2023

.
Ice Covered Heritage
Authors: Nicolis Franco
Published: February 2023

.
A Glacial Archaeology Update from the Canton of Valais, Switzerland (and a call for citizen scientists)
Authors: Lugon Ralph , Curdy Philippe , Rogers Stephanie R.
Published: February 2023

.
Glacial Archaeology in Inner Asia
Authors: Taylor William
Published: February 2023

.
Climate Change and the Continued Preservation of the Arctic Archaeological Record
Authors: Hollesen Jørgen
Published: February 2023

.
Educación, conocimiento y ética
Authors: Guerrero Yela Yolanda
Published: February 2023

La cultura, y con ella la historia, demuestran que los seres humanos aseguran su permanencia a través de la educación, como estrategia que permite asimilar los conocimientos y los modos de supervivencia fortaleciendo la capacidad de adaptación y ubicación del ser humano en los contextos vitales particulares en donde se desarrolla su vida.

El presente artículo integra dos claves del desarrollo humano a través del proceso educativo, son ellos: el conocimiento, por una parte, entendido como realidad que sitúa al ser humano frente a los demás y a las cosas que lo rodean, y la ética, por otra parte, que con sus principios orienta y da sentido al habitar del hombre en el mundo.
Renovar la mente para distinguir el bien
Authors: Gaviria Rojas León Darío
Published: February 2023

Este escrito se aproxima a la palabra “discernimiento” como una actividad que permite renovar la mente y el corazón en la toma de decisiones cotidianas, articulando el ser, pensar y actuar, libre y voluntario, en función de la construcción del proyecto de vida. Nada será posible sin la interiorización y el reconocimiento de la capacidad que tiene el ser humano para pensar sobre sí mismo y los demás, entendiendo su realidad. El discernimiento, como capacidad propia de reconocer lo bueno de lo malo, tiene su lugar apropiado y este es la conciencia que permite que el espíritu se eleve y sobrevuele la condición humana para encontrar y fortalecer la relación con Dios. De allí que, pensar en el discernimiento y la conciencia sea reconocer que el hombre posee la capacidad de distinguir la realidad a la que se enfrenta todos los días y, de otra parte, reconocer que siempre se está frente a una dimensión especial, como lo es el sentido espiritual; esto lleva a pensar que discernir no es solo una acción humana, sino una experiencia que tiene que ver con lo espiritual.
Język polski i kultura dla Ukraińców: studia psycholingwistyczne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Państwowy „Pollitechnika Żytomierska”, Denysewicz Olena
Published: February 2023

The article analyses the relationship between language and culture, which shape the linguistic and cultural images of the world. An attempt was made to define the key concepts in the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians into words-stimuli – Polish language and culture through free and coherent association experiments. The main semantic relationships in the association fields and the largest semantic spheres in each group of subjects were identified. The article updates the concept of national and cultural image of the world. The importance of scientific intelligence is gaining popularity in connection with the emigration of Ukrainians to Poland. The results of the research may help teachers of Polish as a foreign language understand how the language of Polish and culture are reflected in the linguistic image of the world of Ukrainians. The survey showed that Ukrainians perceive the POLISH LANGUAGE through the prism of Polish culture. This supports the view that the linguistic personality learns the values rooted in the linguistic and cultural image of the world of this linguistic community through the acquisition of a specific foreign language. The combination of the linguistic and cultural image of the world is important for Ukrainians learning Polish in language acquisition, and sometimes identical. The Polish language is perceived by Ukrainians through the prism of Polish culture. Therefore, it helps create associative connections that serve effective and imaginative language learning.