bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and ballistic impact study on environment friendly sustainable jute reinforced carbon black/lignin-based elastomeric flexible composites
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas
Published: October 2023

This study compares the behaviour of jute/elastomer bio-composites based on lignin and carbon black under high-velocity impact using experimental methods. Compared to carbon black, SEM data showed that lignin was more evenly distributed across the yarns. The space between the threads was filled by the good interaction of lignin and rubber. Additionally, the findings of the tensile and dynamic compression tests demonstrate that adding lignin to a matrix enhances the tensile strength of rubber samples and composites. On single-layer and three-layer composites made of lignin and carbon black, experimental tests were conducted utilizing a gas gun apparatus with a flat projectile travelling between 100 and 180 m/s. The damage behaviour of the proposed composites is analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the composites' energy absorption and ballistic velocity have enhanced due to the jute-woven fabric cover and the diluted rubber matrix. The results reveal that single and three-layer lignin-based composites exhibit better ballistic limits with an increase of 12.5% and 23.8% over composites based on single and three-layer carbon black composites. Lignin-based composites outperform carbon black composites in terms of energy absorption with single and three-layered lignin-based composites absorbing 23.5% and 25.86% more energy compared to single and three-layered carbon black-based composites. Additionally, the analysis of energy absorption at the ballistic limit for single-layer and three-layer lignin-based composites reveals an increase of 26.56% and 53.35%, respectively, compared to carbon black-based composites.
Adventure Tourism: Behavioural Drivers to Visit and Spread Word of Mouth with Perceived Risk as Moderator
Authors: Soundararajan Sriram , Singh Upasana , Gera Mudit
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this research is a study which examines the effects of involvement in adventure tourism, positive attitude towards adventure tourism, and destination image on intention to visit adventurous destinations and word-of-mouth intention by developing and testing a conceptual framework. Moreover, since adventure tourism is characterized by a high degree of risk, perceived risk is included as a moderator in the aforementioned relationships. There is a paucity of research conducted in the adventure tourism area to investigate what drives Indian tourists to indulge in adventure tourism. A survey is conducted on 500 respondents in the present article, wherein the results show that involvement, attitude and destination image affect tourist behaviour positively. Contrary to the general consensus, perceived risk is found to positively moderate some of these aforementioned relationships. The key implication of the study shows that adventure tourism marketers and service providers must focus on the tourist behavioural intention. A high-risk adventure tourism destination could drive many tourists towards it. Recommendations are proposed along with the future areas of research in this study.
Is Training Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities a Viable Solution? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rao Priya Srikanth , Pandey Manoj K. , Mishra Prabha , Deshmukh Seema , Jahan Masroor , Manohar J Shivananda
Published: October 2023

Background

Working memory (WM) is one of the most influential cognitive functions in encoding, registering, and retrieving information. It influences the learning process in children. Its role becomes essential, especially in a child with a learning disability (LD). Researchers worldwide are giving much prominence to WM, especially in devising cognitive retraining strategies for better cognitive functioning and academic attainment in these children. This current study aims to explore globally used instruments to measure this construct and review effective WM training models in the cognitive rehabilitation of children with LD. This study used a systematic review, availing the elaborate “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA)” guidelines.

The databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched thoroughly, and those studies, which met the inclusion criteria, were considered for this review. Out of 770 studies found with keywords, only six met the inclusion criteria and were selected for a detailed analysis. The outcome of the current review provides trustworthy evidence of poor performance, especially in tasks involving verbal and executive WM in children with all types of learning disabilities (LD) and difficulties. The studies reviewed support the hypothesis that WM can improve with training and significantly improve children’s academic attainment.

Key Message

Further this review recommends that research and efforts must go into devising these cognitive training techniques. Children have high cerebral plasticity; hence, using cognitive training (emphasizing WM training and other cognitive functions) with them would enhance their cognitive functioning and capacity, improving their academic performance.
HYA and Others: Reshaping participation at criminal trials in Europe
Authors: Bernardini Lorenzo , Ancona Gaetano
Published: October 2023

The recent decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in HYA and Others has a significant impact on the use of untested witness statements in criminal proceedings. The case concerned the right to examine witnesses, which is protected under 6(3)(d) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The CJEU established a three-step test to determine whether the use of untested evidence violates the right to a fair trial and ruled out the use of ‘sole or decisive’ untested evidence in criminal proceedings. The Court also held that the right to examine witnesses is a fundamental right in criminal proceedings and falls within the scope of Article 8(1) of Directive 2016/343. The HYA and Others judgment sets a higher standard than that guaranteed by the ECtHR, preventing the use of sole or decisive witnesses in reaching a final conviction decision. Finally, the judgment extends the scope of defence rights in EU law and enhances the effectiveness of fundamental rights in criminal proceedings.
Brazil’s national champions strategy (2007–13): A critical appraisal
Authors: Ricz Judit , Schedelik Michael
Published: October 2023

The recent multiple crises have led to a renaissance of the role of the state in the economy throughout the world. Hence, industrial policy is once again back at the agenda of academic and policy debates in advanced as well as emerging economies. We want to contribute to this debate by discussing the controversial results of a recent case of industrial policy—the “national champions” strategy of the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES) between 2007 and 2013. Being the centerpiece of Brazil’s move toward a more state-led economic model in the late 2000s, its successes and failures should be of great importance to the ongoing debate about industrial policy, state capitalism, and development. The national champions strategy has become an integral part of contemporary state capitalist models, with China being the most outstanding example. By looking at the Brazilian case, an upper-middle income democracy, and therefore a more representative case for countries with similar political settings, the paper aims to provide a critical appraisal of revived industrial policies in the early 21stcentury as a separate policy tool of the newly emerging variety of state capitalism. We apply a political economy approach to highlight the context-sensitivity and institutional embeddedness of firms and the complementarities between several institutional spheres as resources and constraints for companies’ competitiveness and internationalization. The paper aims to contribute to the current debate about state-financed firm internationalization in general and the viability of a national champions strategy in particular.
Clinician Perceptions of Online Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gheorghe Ruxandra Mihaela , Tarshis Sarah , Asakura Kenta
Published: October 2023

Albeit the height of COVID-19 has ended, clinicians have continued to regularly provide online therapy services. In the spring of 2021 during the third wave of COVID-19, we conducted an online survey study to examine psychosocial experiences among mental health clinicians ( N = 196). The survey included two open-ended questions about the use of online therapy as a mode of service delivery. Using a qualitative content analysis of those responses, this article reports the findings on clinicians’ perceptions of online therapy. The following themes identified are: (a) greater access to specialized mental health services, (b) contested notion of therapy as a “safe space,” (c) less immersive clinical interventions, and (d) enhanced opportunity for professional growth. Implications for online-based social work practice are discussed.
Examining Oral Communication Skills in Communication Training Programs for STEM Professionals: A Systematic Quantitative Literature Review
Authors: Coletti Amanda , McGloin Rory , Embacher-Martin Kimberly , Hamlin Emily , Turner Meredith
Published: October 2023

This study conducted a systematic quantitative literature review to examine the characteristics of communication training programs for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) professionals and their overall impacts related to improving participants’ oral communication skills. Sixteen studies were identified and included in the analysis. Results demonstrate an overall positive effect of communication training programs on the oral communication skills of STEM professionals and highlight the need for integrating theoretical frameworks, using multiple methodological approaches, and incorporating validated measures into the evaluation of training programs. These findings provide meaningful insights for future research and practice in the training and development subfield of STEM communication.
Dynamic Gait Stability and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters During Overground Walking in Professional Ballet Dancers
Authors: Simpkins Caroline , Yang Feng
Published: October 2023

Introduction: It has been recognized that practicing ballet could strengthen the leg muscles, improve balance, and reduce fall risk. However, few studies have investigated how ballet practice alters a person’s gait pattern, and this knowledge gap could present a barrier to designing ballet-based training programs. This study examined dynamic gait stability and spatiotemporal gait parameters among professional ballet dancers during normal level overground walking. Methods: Twenty young adults were recruited: 10 ballet dancers (24.5 ± 4.9 years) and 10 age- and sex-matched non-dancers (22.6 ± 3.4 years). Participants walked on a 10 m linear walkway at their self-selected speed. Dynamic gait stability and common gait parameters (step length, step width, gait speed, and cadence) were determined from the collected kinematic data and compared between groups with a significance level of .05. Results: The results showed that both groups displayed comparable dynamic gait stability at touchdown ( P = .140) and liftoff ( P = .638). However, ballet dancers walked with a longer ( P = .054), narrower ( P = .009), and faster step ( P = .014) at a marginally quicker speed ( P = .063) than non-dancers. Conclusion: Our study suggests that young professional ballet dancers have different gait patterns, but similar dynamic gait stability compared to non-dancers. These findings not only provide insight into the mechanisms of dynamic stability control among young ballet dancers during gait but expand our understanding of the control of dynamic gait balance of human locomotion across a wide variety of populations and walking conditions.
Preliminary Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Symptom Burden in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Hoang Jemmie , Gilbertson-White Stephanie , Cady Nicole , Yadav Meeta , Shahi Shailesh , Aguilar Leeann , Mangalam Ashutosh K. , Cherwin Catherine
Published: October 2023

Background

Alterations in the naturally occurring bacteria of the gut, known as the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, may influence GI symptoms in women with breast cancer.

Objective

This work aims to describe GI symptom occurrence, duration, severity, and distress and measures of the GI microbiome among women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Interventions/Methods

22 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and 17 healthy control women provided stool specimens and GI symptom data using the modified Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). The fecal microbiome was profiled by metagenomic sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). GI microbiome was compared between groups using alpha-diversity (Observed OTU number and Shannon index), beta-diversity (UniFrac distances), and relative abundance of select genera.

Results

GI symptoms with high symptom reports among breast cancer patients included nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, dry mouth, taste change, and poor appetite. Indices of differential abundance (beta diversity) significantly distinguished between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Unique bacterial features differentiating the 2 groups were Prevotella_9, Akkermansia, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Lachnoclostridium, and Oscillibacter.

Conclusions

Gut bacteria are associated with GI inflammation and mucus degradation, suggesting the potential role of the GI microbiome in GI symptom burden. Understanding the influence of GI bacteria on gut health and symptoms will help harness the enormous potential of the GI microbiome as a future diagnostic and therapeutic agent to reduce the symptom burden associated with chemotherapy.
Influence of the metal coating on nano-cutting process of cubic silicon carbide
Authors: Hu Guanglan , Dai Houfu
Published: October 2023

The effect of the metal coating on the machinability of cubic silicon carbide was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of the metal coating on the surface of the workpiece was explained using cutting force, friction coefficient, surface morphology, stress, temperature, and tool wear. The results show that the influence of metal type on cutting force, surface morphology, and stress is insignificant for coating thickness. However, the model with Cu coating has a tool suspension key number of 400 at the maximum cutting distance. The number of tool suspension keys for the Ni-Ti coating model is around 1700, indicating that the type of coating has a significant impact on tool wear. Furthermore, the results also show that in the three metals of Cu, Ni and Ni -Ti, Cu coating has the greatest impact on improving cutting performance. Among them, the average cutting force of 1.5 nm Cu coating is about 33.3% lower than that of without coating, and the tool wear is about 26.7% lower. These results demonstrate the effects of the metal coating on the workpiece surface from a theoretical point of view.
Relapse recovery in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: An analysis of the CombiRx dataset
Authors: Koch Marcus W , Moral Ester , Brieva Luis , Mostert Jop , Strijbis Eva MM , Comtois Jacynthe , Repovic Pavle , Bowen James D , Wolinsky Jerry S , Lublin Fred D , Cutter Gary
Published: October 2023

Background:

Clinical relapses are the defining feature of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but relatively little is known about the time course of relapse recovery.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of and patient factors associated with the speed and success of relapse recovery in people with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods:

Using data from CombiRx, a large RRMS trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00211887), we measured the time to recovery from the first on-trial relapse. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and Cox regression models to investigate the association of patient factors with the time to unconfirmed and confirmed relapse recovery.

Results:

CombiRx included 1008 participants. We investigated 240 relapses. Median time to relapse recovery was 111 days. Most recovery events took place within 1 year of relapse onset: 202 of 240 (84%) individuals recovered during follow-up, 161 of 202 (80%) by 180 days, and 189 of 202 (94%) by 365 days. Relapse severity was the only factor associated with relapse recovery.

Conclusion:

Recovery from relapses takes place up to approximately 1 year after the event. Relapse severity, but no other patient factors, was associated with the speed of relapse recovery. Our findings inform clinical practice and trial design in RRMS.
Reversed asymmetrical switch costs in voluntary language switching: Evidence from typed responses
Authors: Philipp Andrea M. , Syndicus Marc , Declerck Mathieu
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Prior research has put forward that asymmetrical switch costs in language switching do not occur when bilinguals are in a voluntary language-switching context. While several studies have provided evidence along these lines, two very recent studies have put this into question. This study further investigates the possibility that voluntary language switching abolishes asymmetrical switch costs.

Design/methodology/approach:

We presented German-English bilinguals ( n = 79) with pictures that had to be named in either German or English, whichever they chose, by typing.

Data and analysis:

Reaction times (both the latency of the first keystroke and interkeystroke intervals) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression modeling with the factors Trial type (switch vs. repetition trial) and Language (German vs. English), whereas the error rates were analyzed using logistic mixed-effects regression modeling.

Findings/conclusions:

The onset latencies and inter-keystroke intervals both showed larger second-language (English) than first-language (German) switch costs (i.e., reversed asymmetrical switch costs). As switch costs were modulated by language dominance in a voluntary language-switching context, this study provides evidence that voluntary language switching is not a boundary condition for asymmetrical switch costs.

Originality:

In contrast to most previous language-switching studies, we used typed rather than vocal responses in a voluntary language-switching paradigm. In addition, our findings further support and generalize very recent findings of (reversed) asymmetrical switch costs in voluntary language switching.

Significance/implications:

Since asymmetrical switch costs, an important measure of bilingual inhibitory control, are not consistently observed throughout the language-switching literature, it is essential to understand its boundary conditions.
Seismic performance and hysteretic model of corroded steel frame columns in offshore atmospheric environment
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zheng Shansuo , Zhao Xuran , Yang Qian
Published: October 2023

Previous studies show that the offshore atmospheric environment corrosion gradually reduces the physical and mechanical properties of steel and eventually deteriorate the seismic performance of steel structures. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the seismic performance of corroded steel frame columns in offshore atmospheric environment. Artificial climate accelerated corrosion tests and cyclic loading tests were carried out on six steel frame columns. The effects of corrosion level and axial compression ratio on the failure mechanism and seismic performance of the columns were investigated in details. The test results indicate that with an increase in corrosion level or axial compression ratio, the displacements associated with plate local buckling, plastic hinge formation and final failure tend to reduce gradually. The bending capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of columns also significantly decrease, and the strength and stiffness degradation effect intensify. Furthermore, a moment-rotation hysteretic model in plastic hinge zone for corroded steel frame columns, considering the cyclic deterioration in strength and stiffness, was established by introducing a two-parameter seismic damage model. The predicted moment-rotation curves and energy dissipations coincided well with the experimental results, verifying the rationality and applicability of the proposed hysteretic model. The research results provide theoretical support for elastic-plastic time history analysis and seismic risk assessment of existing steel frame structures in offshore atmospheric environment.
Challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a maxillary palatally displaced canine: A case report
Authors: Valladares-Neto José , Valladares de Almeida Ana Paula , Garib Daniela , Massaro Camila
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The management of eruption disturbances in orthodontics may be challenging and requires a careful diagnosis and treatment planning. This case report discusses the challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a patient presenting with a dental eruption pattern anomaly.

Patient concerns:

A 10-year-old boy presented with no complaints for a routine orthodontic evaluation during the mixed dentition.

Primary diagnoses:

The patient was diagnosed with a skeletal Class I malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite, incomplete mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a unilateral maxillary ectopic canine.

Interventions:

Phase 1 started with rapid maxillary expansion to correct the maxillary constriction and the ectopic eruption of the right maxillary canine. In the mandibular arch, phase 1 included the extraction of the left primary lateral incisor and canine, alignment of the left permanent lateral incisor and orthodontic traction of the left permanent canine. The duration of phase 1 was 14 months. Phase 2 involved a comprehensive course of orthodontic treatment and started when the patient was aged 13 years. This phase lasted 18 months.

Results:

An adequate dental occlusion was obtained, and the treatment results were stable after an 18-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

In this case, the early diagnosis of the dental anomalies was valuable as it allowed an early intervention to be undertaken, which resulted in overall treatment simplification and potentially minimised the adverse effects. This case report reinforces the importance of a careful follow-up during mixed dentition.
Influence of Humoral Response Against GnRH, Generated by Immunization with a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate on the Evolution of Patients with Castration-Sensitive Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Campal-Espinosa Ana Cristina , Junco-Barranco Jesús Arturo , Fuentes-Aguilar Franklin , Calzada-Aguilera Lesvia , Rivacoba-Betancourt Annia , Rodríguez-Bueno Ranfis Humberto , Bover-Campal Ana Claudia , Bover-Fuentes Eddy Emilio , González Lourdes , de Quesada Lourdes , Alvarez Allelin , Garay-Pérez Hilda Elisa
Published: October 2023

Background and aims

A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based therapeutic vaccine candidate against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has demonstrated its safety and signs of efficacy in phase I/II trials. In this study, we characterized the isotype/subclass profiles of the anti-GnRH humoral response generated by the vaccination and analyzed its association with patients’ clinical outcomes.

Methods

The immunoglobulin isotypes and IgG subclasses of the antibody responses of 34 patients included in a randomized, open, prospective phase I/II clinical trial were characterized. Every patient included in the study had a diagnosis of locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma at stages 3 and 4 and received immunization with the vaccine candidate. Additionally, serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, serving as indicators of tumor response, were determined. The type of anti-GnRH antibody response was correlated to the time elapsed until the first biochemical recurrence in patients and the outcome of the disease.

Results

All patients developed strong and prolonged anti-GnRH antibody responses, resulting in a short- to mid-term decrease in serum testosterone and PSA levels. Following immunizations, anti-GnRH antibodies of the IgM/IgG and IgG1/IgG3 subclasses were observed. Following radiotherapy, the humoral response switched to IgG (IgG1/IgG4). Patients who experienced a short-term biochemical relapse were characterized by significantly higher levels of anti-GnRH IgG titers, particularly IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. These characteristics, along with a high response of specific IgM antibodies at the end of immunizations and the development of anti-GnRH IgA antibody responses following radiotherapy, were observed in patients whose disease progressed, compared to those with controlled disease.

Conclusion

The nature of the humoral response against anti-GnRH, induced by vaccination may play a key role in activating additional immunological mechanisms. Collectively, these mechanisms could contribute significantly to the regulation of tumor growth.
Measurement of Five Emotions Defined by Traditional Chinese Medicine With a Focus on Preventing Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zou Jiaojiao , He Ziqiu , Huang Youou , Zhou Bin , Zhou Yuemin , Kodama Joe , Lu Yuquan
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel Measurement of the Five Emotions (MFE) based on traditional Chinese medicine for assessing cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. Methods: Surveys were collected from 184 participants, over 65 years of age, who were residents of Kyoto City, Japan. The surveys included the Measurement of the Five Emotions (MFE) and the Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System (DASC-21). Item-total reliability and internal consistency reliability were assessed using Spearman's correlation test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the main factors related to the theoretically constructed emotional reaction patterns. Criterion-related validity was examined by investigating the correlation between the scores of the 2 surveys (MFE and DASC-21). Results: The factor analysis revealed that the final version of MFE consisted of 5 factors, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 57.71%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient reached .71, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. There was a negative correlation between the MFE and DASC-21 scores with a correlation coefficient of −.3149. Furthermore, when comparing participants with lower cognitive function (DASC-21 score >26) to those with higher cognitive function, MFE subscale scores in the emotions of “Sorrow” and “Thought” were significantly lower, suggesting that these particular emotions are related to cognitive impairment. These findings confirmed the reliability and the construct validity of the MFE. Conclusion: The criterion reliability and validity tests provided evidence for the construct validity of the MFE. The negative correlation (coefficient = −.3149) between MFE scores and DASC-21 scores suggested that MFE can serve as a scale for detecting cognitive impairment.
Vein Morphology in Endoscopic Vein Harvesting: 15-Year Outcomes
Authors: Lee John Y. , Pedula Kathryn L. , Berkley Timothy O. , McNevin Kamala P. , Chen John C.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Long-term outcomes of vein morphologies in the endoscopic vein harvesting setting are lacking. We analyzed 15-year follow-up for endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphology outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting at a single center.

Methods:

This single-center, prospectively collected, retrospective, observational study evaluated 15-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphologies.

Results:

Among 729 patients, no differences were found between endoscopic and open vein harvesting in MACE hazard ratios despite increased risks with native Hawai’ian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino patients. Asian and Filipino patients had more thin-walled veins and Asian and multirace patients had more vasovasoral branches than White patients. Bifid veins were associated with increased risk of cardiac catheterization. Varicose veins were associated with myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and death. Thick-walled veins were associated with revascularization and dense adhesions with cardiac catheterization and revascularization.

Conclusions:

Fifteen-year adjusted MACE was similar between endoscopic and open vein harvesting in small coronary targets despite increased risks with native Hawai’ian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino patients. Bifid, varicose, thick-walled veins, and dense adhesions had worse MACE.
Numerical simulation for the determination of the radiative properties of spherical packed bed porous media: A COMSOL Multiphysics Study
Authors: Bouraoui Chaima , Ben Nejma Fayçal
Published: October 2023

The determination of the radiative properties of porous media has become a critical issue in various industrial and engineering applications. The aim of this paper is to characterize the radiative heat transfer process through porous media, assumed to be spherical packed beds. A prediction model was developed using the software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the interaction of each of the three proposed structures with a plane-heating surface. The distribution of normalized fluxes was assessed allowing the computation of effective radiative properties, namely the transmissivity, reflectivity, and absorptivity for diffusely and specularly reflecting particles. The results show that the arrangement of the particles has a noticeable influence on the media properties. Two layers of the third model were enough to obtain an opaque surface. Correlations have been developed to allow effective reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity coefficients to be easily and accurately defined as a function of emissivity in future models. The suitability of the proposed models was discussed through a comparative study of the results found using numerical simulations with analytical calculations, with a good agreement obtained.
Synthesis and validation of click-modified NOD1/2 agonists
Authors: Bharadwaj Ravi , Anonick Madison V. , Jaiswal Swati , Mashayekh Siavash , Brown Ashley , Wodzanowski Kimberly A. , Okuda Kendi , Silverman Neal , Grimes Catherine L.
Published: October 2023

NOD1 and NOD2 sense small bacterial peptidoglycan fragments, often called muropeptides, that access the cytosol. These muropeptides include iE-DAP and MDP, the minimal agonists for NOD1 and NOD2, respectively. Here, we synthesized and validated alkyne-modified muropeptides, iE-DAP-Alk and MDP-Alk, for use in click-chemistry reactions. While it has long been known that many cell types respond to extracellular exposure to muropeptides, it is unclear how these innate immune activators access their cytosolic innate immune receptors, NOD1 and NOD2. The subcellular trafficking and transport mechanisms by which muropeptides access these cytosolic innate immune receptors are a major gap in our understanding of these critical host responses. The click-chemistry-enabled agonists developed here will be particularly powerful to decipher the underlying cell biology and biochemistry of NOD1 and NOD2 innate immune sensing.
Scar massage as an intervention for post-surgical scars: A practice survey of Australian hand therapists
Authors: Scott Helen C , Robinson Luke S , Brown Ted
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Scar massage is a commonly used treatment in hand therapy. The current empirical evidence that supports it is disparate and of variable quality, with no established effective dosage and method proposed. This study aimed to identify the current practice among Australian hand therapists using massage as an intervention for scarring following surgery to the hand and upper limb.

Methods

A purposely designed self-report online survey was emailed to current members of the Australian Hand Therapy Association ( n = 958). Data collected included demographics, intervention techniques, conditions treated and protocols, scar assessment and knowledge and training about scar massage as a clinical intervention.

Results

A total of 116 completed questionnaires were received (a response rate of 12.1%). All respondents used scar massage as part of their clinical practice with 98% to improve soft tissue glide ( n = 114), 92% for hypersensitivity ( n = 107), and 84% to increase hand function ( n = 97). Only 18% ( n = 21) of respondents used standardised outcome measures, and most therapists had learned scar massage from a colleague (81%).

Conclusions

Commonalities in how respondents implemented scar massage were found. Participants reported relying primarily on clinical experience to inform their practice. Whilst scar massage was widely used, few respondents had received formal skills training or completed outcome measures regularly to formally evaluate its clinical efficacy or impact. Replication of this study with a larger international sample of participants is warranted to determine if these findings reflect general practice.
Narrative Review: Submental Artery Island Pedicled Flap, Indications, Tips, and Pitfalls
Authors: Mosquera Camilo , Ramirez Carlos
Published: October 2023

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objective

To describe the advantages, challenges, and potential indications of the submental artery island flap as a local pedicled flap for head and neck reconstruction.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to describe the submental artery island flap's surgical technique, indications, and outcomes. Data sources included peer-reviewed articles, case reports, and clinical studies on using the submental flap in head and neck surgery reconstruction.

Results

The submental artery island flap, while offering advantages such as minimal donor site morbidity, and good cosmetic outcomes, presents challenges related to the pedicle dissection and patient selection. This flap is particularly suitable for defects in the oral cavity, oropharynx, parotid bed, and midface or neck skin. Simultaneous neck dissection is feasible but should be approached with caution in patients with a history of prior neck surgery.

Conclusions

The submental artery island flap is a valuable option for selected cases. When performed in the right patient with a correct technique, this flap can reconstruct defects in the oral cavity, oropharynx, parotid bed, and skin of the midface or neck with a minimally visible scar of the donor site.
Digital resignation and the datafied welfare state
Authors: Bagger Christoffer , Einarsson Arni Már , Andelsman Alvarez Victoria , Klausen Maja , Lomborg Stine
Published: October 2023

This commentary calls for further research into digital resignation within non-market contexts, particularly in relation to the datafied welfare state, as distinct from commercial big tech platforms. We aim to nuance the concept of digital resignation by relating it to the digitization of institutions and public services upholding the Danish welfare state, including health services, childcare, and news consumption. These cases illustrate that datafication stimulates citizens’ discomfort by registering privacy-intrusive information and setting new standards for being a good citizen, which resignation research can help us understand. We use the case examples to propose new avenues for digital resignation research and question whether organizations, institutions, and governments themselves can be digitally resigned. As such, the usefulness of digital resignation as a concept can be expanded.
Detecting latent topics and trends of digital twins in healthcare: A structural topic model-based systematic review
Authors: Sheng Bo , Wang Zheyu , Qiao Yujiao , Xie Sheng Quan , Tao Jing , Duan Chaoqun
Published: October 2023

Objective

Digital twins (DTs) have received widespread attention recently, providing new ideas and possibilities for future healthcare. This review aims to provide a quantitative review to analyze specific study contents, research focus, and trends of DT in healthcare. Simultaneously, this review intends to expand the connotation of “healthcare” into two directions, namely “Disease treatment” and “Health enhancement” to analyze the content within the “DT + healthcare” field thoroughly.

Methods

A data mining method named Structure Topic Modeling (STM) was used as the analytical tool due to its topic analysis ability and versatility. Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure supplied the material papers in this review.

Results

A total of 94 high-quality papers published between 2018 and 2022 were gathered and categorized into eight topics, collectively covering the transformative impact across a broader spectrum in healthcare. Three main findings have emerged: (1) papers published in healthcare predominantly concentrate on technology development (artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, etc.) and application scenarios(personalized, precise, and real-time health service); (2) the popularity of research topics is influenced by various factors, including policies, COVID-19, and emerging technologies; and (3) the preference for topics is diverse, with a general inclination toward the attribute of “Health enhancement.”

Conclusions

This review underscores the significance of real-time capability and accuracy in shaping the future of DT, where algorithms and data transmission methods assume central importance in achieving these goals. Moreover, technological advancements, such as omics and Metaverse, have opened up new possibilities for DT in healthcare. These findings contribute to the existing literature by offering quantitative insights and valuable guidance to keep researchers ahead of the curve.
Teledentistry: A bibliometric analysis of the scientific publication’s trend
Authors: Valeri Cristina , Quinzi Vincenzo , Di Giandomenico Daniela , Fani Eda , Leonardi Rosalia , Marzo Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Teledentistry is a specialized area within telemedicine employs digital technology and telecommunications to remotely manage dental patients, offering care, advice, education, and treatment. The significance of teledentistry escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of teledentistry, based on a retrospective search of the Scopus database.

Materials and methods

The research utilized Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software.

Results

Publications on teledentistry have shown a recent surge, particularly since 2020, attributed to the pandemic. Out of 369 articles, just 28 (7.5%) were single-authored, while most involved collaborative efforts. These articles were dispersed across 160 journals, with the Journal Of Telemedicine And Telecare, International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, and Telemedicine And E-Health each publishing over 15 articles. Remarkably, 66% of the journals featured open-access content. The University of Western Australia emerged as the most prolific institution, with 12 publications, while the United States, Chile, and Brazil led in the number of published documents.

Conclusions

The growing interest in teledentistry, mainly fueled by the pandemic, has promising implications for dental practice. Despite the existing limitations, it holds potential. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the field and offers valuable quantitative insights for shaping future research and funding strategies, especially concerning protocol development and digital risk assessment.
Temporary Partial Weight-Bearing Restriction in Elderly Patients Treated With a Plate Fixation After a Distal Femur Fracture had a Negative Long-Term Impact on Gait Recovery
Authors: Paulsson Martin , Ekholm Carl , Rolfson Ola , Geijer Mats , Tranberg Roy
Published: October 2023

Background

Restricted weight-bearing is still used after lower extremity fracture surgery in elderly patients. The long-term effect on gait recovery in elderly patients with distal femur fractures (DFF) and their ability to comply with the restrictive weight-bearing regime is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of restricted postoperative weight-bearing on gait recovery (actual weight-bearing and cadence) during a 1-year follow-up.

Methods

This study evaluated secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (32 patients ≥65 years, with a traumatic DFF). Internal fixation was achieved using an anatomical lateral plate. Patients were allocated to either immediate full weight-bearing (FWB) or partial weight-bearing (PWB) (30% of body weight) for 8 weeks. Pressure-sensitive sensors (F-scan™ system, Tekscan, Massachusetts, USA) were used to measure weight-bearing and cadence postoperatively and at 8-, 16-, and 52-week follow-ups. Twenty-six patients with at least 1 measurement were included.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in actual weight-bearing between the PWB and FWB groups postoperatively of 32.3% (95% confidence interval CI, −50.0; −13.0, P < .001) and at the 8-week follow-up of 36.8% (95% CI −61.0; −18.0, P = .01), but not at later follow-ups. The PWB group presented a consistently lower cadence compared to the FWB group, which was statistically significant at the 16-week follow-up with 9.0 steps/min (95% CI -16.2; −1.1, P = .047) and 52-week follow-up with 9.3 steps/min (95% CI −18.0; −3.9, P = .009).

Conclusions

Restricting postoperative weight-bearing in elderly patients with a DFF had a significant effect on postoperative weight-bearing. The effect lingered with a delayed return to FWB and persistent significantly lower cadence in the PWB group. These findings suggest that even temporary weight-bearing restrictions most likely have negative long-term effects on gait function at 1 year and, therefore, cannot be recommended.
The National Security Strategy as an Object of Business Communication
Authors: Hayek Philip W.
Published: October 2023

In this article I explain how the ecological perspective, posthumanism, and rhetorical genre studies all coalesce into a theoretical framework from which to approach business communication theory and practice. I use the United States National Security Strategy as a research object to demonstrate this theoretical approach.
No Link Between Speech-in-Noise Perception and Auditory Sensory Memory – Evidence From a Large Cohort of Older and Younger Listeners
Authors: Bianco Roberta , Chait Maria
Published: October 2023

A growing literature is demonstrating a link between working memory (WM) and speech-in-noise (SiN) perception. However, the nature of this correlation and which components of WM might underlie it, are being debated. We investigated how SiN reception links with auditory sensory memory (aSM) – the low-level processes that support the short-term maintenance of temporally unfolding sounds. A large sample of old ( N = 199, 60–79 yo) and young ( N = 149, 20–35 yo) participants was recruited online and performed a coordinate response measure-based speech-in-babble task that taps listeners’ ability to track a speech target in background noise. We used two tasks to investigate implicit and explicit aSM. Both were based on tone patterns overlapping in processing time scales with speech (presentation rate of tones 20 Hz; of patterns 2 Hz). We hypothesised that a link between SiN and aSM may be particularly apparent in older listeners due to age-related reduction in both SiN reception and aSM. We confirmed impaired SiN reception in the older cohort and demonstrated reduced aSM performance in those listeners. However, SiN and aSM did not share variability. Across the two age groups, SiN performance was predicted by a binaural processing test and age. The results suggest that previously observed links between WM and SiN may relate to the executive components and other cognitive demands of the used tasks. This finding helps to constrain the search for the perceptual and cognitive factors that explain individual variability in SiN performance.
Health Care Experiences of Stateless People in Canada
Authors: Kane Jocelyn , Schuurmans Gezy , Kitamura Miho
Published: October 2023

Executive Summary

Statelessness in Canada is an emerging site of inquiry with recent investigations into its causes and consequences, focusing on legislative and policy analyses and the lived experiences of stateless persons. Yet, health care experiences generally and access to mental and physical health care in particular remain under-researched. This study attempts to bridge this gap by examining how statelessness impacts physical health, mental health, access to health care services, and overall well-being. To answer these questions, we conducted semi-structured interviews with stateless or formerly stateless persons to understand their views and experiences. The study reports on negative health outcomes in four broad areas: The limited ability of stateless persons (SPs) to access health care. Mental health challenges. The failure to treat health issues until they have reached a dangerous point and the reliance on self-care strategies. The negative impact of lack of status on four social determinants of health: employment, education, housing, and food security.

From these findings, the paper makes three arguments: Legal Status is a key determinant of health and lack of status leads to negative health outcomes. SPs heavily depend upon others for their life-needs, which can lead to exploitation and encourage forms of adaptive and negotiated agency. SPs in Canada experience a physical and mental liminality [a condition of uncertainty].

The paper concludes that Canada should recognize stateless individuals either as stateless or as Canadian nationals, and should implement a context-tailored institutional response to statelessness.
The neglected spaces of economic rescaling: Insights into the in-between spaces of city-regionalism
Authors: Peacock Adam , Pemberton Simon
Published: October 2023

Over the last twenty years considerable attention has focused on the territorial restructuring and rescaling of the state. In particular, there has been an emphasis on city-regionalism to enhance the capacity of formal and more informal structures of governance to secure greater spatial equity and economic competitiveness. However, the spaces which sit outside of these spaces – the ‘In-between Spaces of City-Regionalism’ (ISCR) – have received relatively little attention. This paper addresses this gap in knowledge by focusing on the Northwest of England (UK) and an in-between space flanked by the Manchester and Liverpool city-regions. It highlights that despite the significant privileging of city-regions and their respective governance structures by the state, actors of relevance to ISCR spaces have also worked in highly entrepreneurial ways - both territorially and relationally - to embed economic development activities conducive to economic growth. Consequently, we offer important insights into the methods key actors in ISCR spaces can use to bypass presumed (and widely ineffective) assumptions of economic trickle down fuelled by city-regional agglomerative policy.