bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of knowledge sharing among reviewers from the perspective of scientific editors
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Maia Francisca , Farias Gabriela ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Farias Maria ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: January 2022

Introduction/Objective: This work aims to analyze the editors’ perception about the contribution of knowledge sharing among reviewers of scientific articles, aiming at the improvement of the reviews elaboration.Methods:The study is of exploratory type, conducted through bibliographic research, associated with the questionnaire as a technique for data collection. Content analysis was applied to analyze the data obtained. Results: The instrument was sent via e-mail,and 32 editors from various areas of knowledge responded. Most of themarefromtheApplied Social Sciencesareas, and more than half have six or more years of experience. It was found that most respondents believe that sharing knowledge among reviewers contributes to their improvement and to the improvement of their opinions, and although they recognize such contribution, 87.5% claim that there are no initiatives in the journal where they work that propose the exchange of knowledge. Finally, when asked about having knowledge about similar initiatives, even if in other spheres, some respondents claim to knowand cite: the practices proposed by international publishers, which hold webinars and make content available on their websites; the projects and events of the Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors, WhatsApp groups and e-mail lists, and the interaction proposed by the practices of open peer review. Conclusions: Basedon the above, it is understood that editors perceive the relevance of knowledge sharing among reviewers.However, they have not yet put into practice such initiatives in the journals in which they work.
Experiencing Forest Therapy in the Italian Landscape: Bathing in the Selva of Castelfidardo
Authors: Borriello Giovanna , Grazioli Elisa , Zavarella Paolo , Paolini Roberto , Ianniello Antonio , Silvestri Dario , Cerulli Claudia , Parisi Attilio
Published: January 2022

According to several evidence, forest environmental seems able to provide beneficial effects on functional and psychological parameters, related to cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory functions as well depression and anxiety. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a one-day forest walking in Selva di Castelfidardo (AN, Italy) on 37 participants aged 21-68, most of them living in either urban or suburban areas of large cities. We observed a statistically significant effect on sympathovagal balance by the means of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, skin temperature, skin conductance, HRV parameters (AVNN, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio), oxygen oximetry, PEF, FEV1. A significant difference was also detected on the Perceived Stress Scale responses (19.27 pre vs 13.81 post-immersion, p=<0,05; -28,3% variation). Our data contribute to increase the body of literature about the effect of forest walking, adding data on an Italian area qualified for forest bathing.
Design of an Advanced Plasmonic Sensor (Consisting of a Quadrilateral Cavity, Three Rings With Different Dimensions and Two Waveguides) Using Refractive Index Change
Authors: Abbasi Hamid
Published: January 2022

Using two metal insulated metal waveguides (MIM) and five resonator (a quadrilateral cavity and three rings with different dimensions), we design a plasmonic refractive index sensor. Using the time domain finite difference method, we examine and analyze the sensor performance (numerical analysis) and using the transmission line model method, we theoretically examine the performance of the sensor By summarizing these two methods and calculating the sensitivity coefficient S, quality coefficient Q and figure of merit (FOM), a plasmonic sensor with good performance is obtained. Using the supermods of the resonators, we will achieve a stable wavelength spectrum and a suitable and stable sensitivity coefficient spectrum. Challenges and changes that occur in different modes of this sensor will lead to a balanced and relatively good structure. This designed sensor can be useful in the development of integrated optical circuits.
4H-SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes as Radiation Detectors: A Review
Authors: Capan Ivana
Published: January 2022

In this review paper, an overview of the application of n-type 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) as radiation detectors is given. We have chosen 4H-SiC SBDs among other semiconductor devices such as PiN diodes or metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures, as significant progress has been achieved in radiation detection applications of SBDs in the last decade. Here, we present the recent advances at all key stages in the application of 4H-SiC SBDs as radiation detectors, namely: SBDs fabrication, electrical characterization of SBDs, and their radiation response. Main achievements are highlighted, and main challenges are discussed.
Accuracy of Injectable Kb Acceptor Re-Visit during the Covid-19 Pandemic in PMB Yayuk Handayani Wagir District Malang Regency
Authors: Alfitri Rosyidah , Yunita Astri
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is a disease caused by coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that attacks the respiratory system acutely, and caused more than 106 million people to become infected with more than 2.3 million deaths worldwide. In the family planning and birth control services (KB) service there is a revisit of kb active acceptor (old acceptors) and or visits of new acceptor is an effort to get contraceptive services aimed to prevent pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to see the difference in the accuracy of KB acceptor visits before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Midwifery clinic (PMB) Yayuk Handayani Wagir District of Malang Regency. This research was quantitative research using experimental quasi research design with a pre post design approach. The sample in the study was the same as the study population of 50 injectable birth control acceptors in BPM Yayuk Handayani Wagir Magelang Regency. Research techniques use total sampling. In this data analysis, the normality test was carried out first, then the bivariate test used the dependent sample t-test. The results of the analysis test showed that before the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 43 revisits for active acceptors who matched the return date, while during the COVID-19 pandemic, 7 people were late for return visits and 11 people did not return for revisits.  Obtained a value of p value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 so it can be concluded there is a difference in the accuracy of visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the return visit of hormonal contraceptive acceptors in PMB Yayuk Handayani Wagir District of Malang Regency.
AN ANALYSIS OF METONYMY AND METAPHOR IN SELECTED NEWS ARTICLES RELATED TO SPORTS IN THE JAKARTA POST
Authors: Chaerunnisah Indah Utami
Published: January 2022

Since newspapers is a one way communication where they provide information and people receive it, the readers have to be able to understand the whole messages without the chance to clarify and to ask the other parties. This paper aims at revealing the type of metonymy and metaphor used in five selected news articles related to sports in The Jakarta Post, and describing why metonymy and metaphor are used in the news articles. Furthermore, this research is a qualitative research which aims at describing and discussing about the use of metaphor and metonymy in the news articles related to sports. The result revealed that there are only two types of metonymy found in the news articles namely represented entity for representative and whole for part where the most dominant type is represented entity for representative. Furthermore, all types of metaphor can be found in the data, but the most dominant type is structural metaphor. These articles tend to use represented entity for representative since it discusses about athletes and teams which play as the representative of their country. Meanwhile, the dominant use of structural metaphor because the writer tend to describe the athletes and teams as another concrete object.
FENOMENA KEBERAGAMAN BAHASA DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Putri Nandita Wana
Published: January 2022

Keberagaman masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung menimbulkan ragam bahasa yang dipakai oleh masyarakat setempat dan mempengaruhi bahasa daerah yang ada di Kota Bandar Lampung itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena keberagaman bahasa yang terjadi di masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi adanya fenomena dari keberagaman bahasa yang hidup di Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek Penulis menggunakan data sebanyak 61 data dan menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan penyebarkan angket atau kuesioner. Berdasarkan analisis data, ditemukan bahwa keberagaman bahasa yang terjadi pada masyarakat Kota Bandar Lampung disebabkan oleh mayoritas penduduk yang mendiami wilayah Kota Bandar Lampung berasal dari beragam suku. Dari hasil keseluruhan pada penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa bahasa yang paling dominan dipakai di Kota Bandar Lampung adalah bahasa Indonesia 78,7%, Bahasa Lampung 11,5%, dan Bahasa Jawa 8,2%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penutur asal daerah Lampung tidak menjadi dominan di tempat asalnya serta fenomena keberagam bahasa di masyarakat kota Bandar Lampung disebabkan oleh masyarakat yang multikultural sehingga mendorong intensitas penggunaan bahasa Indonesia sangat tinggi dan menyebabkan bahasa daerah Lampung semakin lemah dalam penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan bahasa lainnya.
Characterizations of drug release from liquid crystalline monoolein cubic particles and monoolein vesicles
Authors: Dawoud Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Monoolein dispersions are of great importance as a colloidal drug delivery system due to its unique structure. Thus it was important to measure the drug release from such carrier system. Conventional release methods showed many drawbacks. In an attempt to avoid these drawbacks, the transfer of a lipophilic drug model porphyrin from donor monoolein dispersions into acceptor multilamellar vesicles (MLV) was carried out. The measurement of porphyrin transferred was performed after the separation between the donor and acceptor using a centrifugation technique or directly without separation using a flow cytometric technique. The transfer rate and amount of porphyrin from the donor monoolein vesicles to the acceptor MLV was higher than from monoolein cubic particles.
Resistencia antibiótica y sensibilidad en aislamientos de bacterias en mastitis en vacas lecheras en Honduras
Authors: Martínez-Matamoros D. , Guerra-Centeno D. , Lepe-López M. , Valdez-Sandoval C.
Published: January 2022

La mastitis es un importante problema en granjas de producción lechera alrededor del mundo y usualmente se trata con antibióticos. Sin embargo, las bacterias −que son los agentes causales usuales− van volviéndose resistentes a los antibióticos de uso común. Con el objetivo de generar información sobre esta situación en Honduras, realizamos un estudio retrospectivo documental examinando los registros oficiales de aislamientos de bacterias y pruebas de resistencia antibiótica llevados a cabo en muestras de leche de casos de mastitis en vacas, entre 2013 y 2018. Examinamos 235 casos de aislamiento bacteriano y pruebas de sensibilidad a 15 antibióticos (amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico, ampicilina, ceftiofur, ceftriaxona, enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, oxacilina, doxiciclina, neomicina, trimetoprim + sulfametoxazol, gentamicina, tetraciclina, eritromicina y penicilina). Los taxones más frecuentemente aislados fueron Staphylococcus spp. (168 casos), seguido por Streptococcus spp. (31 casos), Corynebacterium spp. (14 casos), Escherichia coli (13 casos), Klebsiella spp. (cinco casos), Enterobacter sp. (un caso), Pasteurella sp. (un caso) y Pseudomonas sp. (un caso). Encontramos casos de resistencia a prácticamente todos los antibióticos, aunque los patrones de resistencia fueron poco comunes.
Cinética de fermentação ruminal in vitro de diferentes co-produtos agroindustriais utilizados em dietas para ruminantes
Authors: Ferro M.M. , Costa F.G. , De Moura D.C. , Costa R.V. , De Oliveira E.B. , Ferro R.M.
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutricional de três co-produtos agroindustriais em dietas para ovinos em terminação utilizando a técnica de produção de gases in vitro. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos pela inclusão de três diferentes co-produtos nas dietas sendo eles grão seco da destilaria do milho, farelo de gérmen de milho e farelo de girassol em níveis de 0, 10, 20 e 30%. A cinética da produção cumulativa dos gases foi analisada empregando-se o modelo logístico bicompartimental. Os parâmetros foram analisados através da análise de variância, e quando significativo, contrastes ortogonais foram utilizados para partição específica dos efeitos de níveis de inclusão dos alimentos as dietas. A inclusão do farelo de gérmen de milho nas dietas foi observado comportamento quadrático (P
Estructura y diversidad de razas bovinas en Patagonia verde
Authors: Carvajal A.M. , Martínez M.E. , De la Barra R.
Published: January 2022

Patagonia Verde (PV) corresponde a un territorio del sur de Chile moldeado por un clima y geografía agrestes que hacen patente el requerimiento de biotipos bovinos muy bien adaptados. Tradicionalmente se han utilizado como reproductores bovinos Hereford y cruzas con Overo Colorado, pero sin realizarse evaluaciones genéticas de la progenie. Por tanto, en miras de establecer un programa de mejoramiento se requiere conocer el estado de los rebaños en términos de su pureza racial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener información acerca de la distribución y estructura de los rebaños bovinos presentes en PV. La identificación de los biotipos o razas se realizó mediante observación directa de cada animal evaluando sus descriptores raciales. Se incluyeron animales de cualquier edad y sexo, y aquellos pobremente diferenciados o con mezclas en sus descriptores fueron clasificados como híbridos. El análisis y caracterización de los rebaños se realizó mediante clusterización aglomerativa jerárquica de forma de identificar patrones en la estructura de rebaño. La composición de cada clúster fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva y las diferencias entre los biotipos y su distribución mediante ANOVA y test de Fisher LSD (p
Mecanismos enunciativos: entre a entrevista e a biografia
Authors: Santos Lidiany Pereira dos , Onofre Marília Blundi
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho de pesquisa situa-se na articulação entre a linguística e o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas e fundamenta-se nas reflexões enunciativas, em especial, no quadro da Teoria das Operações Enunciativas (TOE) proposta pelo pesquisador francês Antoine Culioli (1990) que entende que a Linguística tem como objeto de estudo “a atividade de linguagem apreendida através da diversidade das línguas naturais”, isto é, a tarefa do linguista é estudar o funcionamento da linguagem enquanto atividade significante de representação, ou melhor, enquanto atividade de produção e reconhecimento de formas linguísticas. A análise que propomos pauta-se pela observação de ocorrências linguísticas presentes em textos de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, que se caracterizam por apresentar mecanismos enunciativos deslocados em relação ao gênero Biografia. Dessa forma, o nosso objetivo é apresentar como é problemático o fato de se priorizarem modelos idealizados no ensino.
O fenômeno da shippagem na nomeação de casais: um novo emprego do cruzamento vocabular
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre Victorio , Silva Vitória Benfica da
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, descrevemos o fenômeno da shippagem (prática que consiste em nomear relações afetivas de personagens, casais ou amigos), utilizando, na representação dos dados, os instrumentos da Morfologia Prosódica (MCCARTHY, 1986). Tomamos por base contribuições existentes sobre o cruzamento vocabular em português (BASILIO, 2005; ANDRADE, 2013), a fim de verificar se a tipologia proposta para nomes comuns também se aplica a antropônimos shippados: (a) interposição ou entranhamento lexical; (b) combinação truncada e (c) reanálise ou substituição sublexical. Nosso corpus é constituído de 212 dados. Com exceção de 10 dados coletados de fala espontânea, todos os demais foram retirados da internet. A maioria dos ships coletados remete a programas de televisão ou a plataformas on-line de filmes, séries (como as da Netflix) e novelas. As principais fontes são os sites que falam sobre personagens e atores dessas narrativas, como revistas, jornais, fanfics, blogs diversos, além das redes sociais Twitter, Facebook e Instagram. Nesta descrição, pretendemos mostrar que nem sempre são muito claras as fronteiras entre os chamados processos não concatenativos, uma vez que ships parecem estar a meio caminho entre o cruzamento, de um lado, e a siglagem e a hipocorização de nomes compostos, de outro.
O conceito de língua geral de Mina: apontamentos para a compreensão de seu significado histórico
Authors: Stolze Lima Ivana
Published: January 2022

O artigo propõe uma análise do conceito “língua geral de Mina”, a partir de sua ocorrência no título de um dos mais importantes registros sobre línguas africanas no Brasil (a Obra Nova da Língua Geral de Mina, de Antonio da Costa Peixoto, 1731 e 1741) e incorporando ocorrências similares e elaborações pertinentes à questão linguiística em documentos históricos relacionados ao tráfico atlântico e escravização de povos africanos falantes de línguas gbe. Lança mão de historiografia já disponível e dialoga com estudos da área de história linguística, buscando uma perspectiva transdisciplinar. A principal hipótese é apontar tal conceito como um constructo português, através do qual a diversidade linguística dos povos envolvidos pelo tráfico e escravização foi enfrentada. Ao mesmo tempo, busca contribuir para a compreensão da experiência dos povos africanos escravizados, sua possibilidade de resistir e reconstruir vínculos sociais e comunitários.
COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Karaivanov Alexander , Kim Dongwoo , Lu Shih En , Shigeoka Hitoshi
Published: January 2022

We evaluate the impact of government-mandated proof of vaccination requirements for access to public venues and non-essential businesses on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We find that the announcement of a mandate is associated with a rapid and significant surge in new vaccinations (more than 60% increase in weekly first doses), using the variation in the timing of these measures across Canadian provinces in a difference-in-differences approach. Time-series analysis for each province and for France, Italy and Germany corroborates this finding. Counterfactual simulations using our estimates suggest the following cumulative gains in the vaccination rate among the eligible population (age 12 and over) as of October 31, 2021: up to 5 percentage points (p.p.) (90% CI 3.9–5.8) for Canadian provinces, adding up to 979,000 (425,000-1,266,000) first doses in total for Canada (5 to 13 weeks after the provincial mandate announcements), 8 p.p. (4.3–11) for France (16 weeks post-announcement), 12 p.p. (5–15) for Italy (14 weeks post-announcement) and 4.7 p.p. (4.1–5.1) for Germany (11 weeks post-announcement).JEL codes: I18, I12, C23
Improving Health Workforce Governance: the Role of Multi-Stakeholder Coordination Mechanisms and Human Resources for Health Units in Ministries of Health
Authors: Martineau Tim , Ozano Kim , Raven Joanna , Mansour Wesam , Bay Fiona , Nkhoma Dominic , Badr Elsheikh , Baral Sushil , Regmi Shophika , Caffery Margaret
Published: January 2022

Background:A cohesive and strategic governance approach is needed to improve the health workforce (HW). To achieve this, the WHO Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health(HRH)promotesmechanisms to coordinate HRHstakeholders,HRH structures and capacity within the health sector to support the development and implementation of a comprehensive HW agenda and regular reportingthrough WHO’s National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA)Methods:Using an adapted HRH governance framework for guidance and analysis we explored the existence and operation of HRH coordination mechanisms and HRH structures in Malawi, Nepal, Sudan andadditionally from a global perspective through 28 key informant interviews and a reviewof 165 documents.Results: A unified approach is needed to coordination of stakeholders who support the timely development and oversight of an appropriate HRH strategy subsequently implemented and monitored by an HRH unit. Multiple HRH stakeholder coordination mechanisms co-exist, but the broader, embeddedmechanisms seemed more likely to support and sustain a comprehensive HW agenda.Including all stakeholders is challenging and the private sector and civil society were noted for their absence.The credibility of coordination mechanisms increases participation. Factors contributing to credibility included:high level leadership, organisational support and the generation and availability of timely HRH data and clear ownership by the ministry of health.HRH units were identified in two study countries and were reported to exist in many countries but were not necessarily functional.There is a lack of specialist knowledge needed for the planning and management of the HWamongst staff in HRH unitsor equivalent structures, coupled with high turnover in many countries. Donor support has helped with provision of technical expertise and HRH data systems, though the benefits may not besustained.Conclusion:While is it important to monitor the existence of HRH coordination mechanisms and HRH structure through the NHWA, improved ‘HRH literacy’ for both stakeholders and operational HRH staff anda deeper understanding of the operation of these functions is needed tostrengthen their contribution to HW governance and ultimately, wider health goals.
Prolonged Short-Term Exposure To A High Concentration of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter And Effect Modification On Daily Mortality
Authors: Lim Hyungryul , Bae Sanghyuk , Choi Jonghyuk , Choi Kyung-Hwa , Bae Hyun-Joo , Kim Soontae , Ha Mina , Kwon Ho-Jang
Published: January 2022

Background: Although the evidence for the effect of short-term mortality is very high, epidemiologic studies on the effect of prolonged continuous exposure to high concentrations are rare. This study aimed to investigate how the size of the mortality effect of PM2.5 would be modified when a high concentration period persisted.Methods: We used daily mortality counts (ICD-10, non-traumatic all-cause: A00-R99, respiratory: J00-J98, and cardiovascular: I00-I99), simulated levels of daily PM2.5, measured daily mean temperature, and relative humidity data in seven metropolitan cities from 2006 to 2019. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with quasi-Poisson distribution in seven cities and random-effects meta-analyses to pool city-specific effects were used to examine the short-term effects of PM2.5. To investigate effect modification by continuous exposure to prolonged high concentrations, we applied categorical consecutive day variables to the GAMs as effect modification terms of PM2.5. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the variation in effect modification according to the age group.Results: The mortality risk according to increase of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 concentration was increased by 0.30% (95%CI, 0.13–0.49), 0.48% (95%CI, -0.09–1.05), and 0.23% (95%CI, -0.10–0.57) based on the model with 0-1 lag day, for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. The risk for all-cause mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the first and fourth consecutive days were significantly increased by 0.61% (95%CI, 0.17–1.06) and 0.34% (95%CI, 0.03–0.65). The effect modification was prominent in the ³65 years old group.Conclusions: We found a significantly increased risk of all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality for daily PM2.5 exposure when the day of high concentration began and the days lasted for more than 4 days with high concentration of ≥35 μg/m3. The elderly showed a stronger effect of persistently high PM2.5.
Sustainable News and Their Impact on Company’s Market Capitalization Does Sustainable News About a Company Have a Positive Relationship with Its Stock Price?
Authors: Plog Moritz , Zein Samer Ajour El
Published: January 2022

Background: As a transformation that is impacting not only nature but the international economy, climate change is here to stay. The demand for sustainable products has never been higher, a circumstance that should have an impact on the financial performance of a company. This paper aims to investigate whether sustainable news of a company has a positive impact on their stock price, by analyzing the Twitter tweets of the DAX30 members. Results: The methodology used in this study includes the collection of Twitter tweets and financial information from the DAX30 members, followed by the execution of a sentiment analysis and Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis based on Python programming lanuage. The opitmal lag-length of the VAR analysis has been determinded at 18 based on the Akaike, Schwarz-Bayesian and Hannan-Quinn test. Within the predermined lag-length the VAR showed significant correlations between financial performance and twitter communication in A, b and s. The correlation coeffiecient for the significant correlations ranged from -0.777 to 0.320, proving that Twitter tweets containing sustainable sentiment have an impact on stock price performance of a company.Conclusion: The results of the VAR analysis support the eligbility to use Twitter tweets as a benchmark for the impact of sustainability on the stock price performance of a company, as well as prooves that sustainable news can have a postive impact of a company’s market capitalization relative to its quality. Therwith, the findings of this study raise awareness of the importance of sustainability as well as show the need for a transofrmation towards a sustaibale business modell in order to ensure long term value generation.
Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri TAL effector AvrHah1 is necessary and sufficient for increased persistence of Salmonella enterica on tomato leaves
Authors: Cowles Kimberly N. , Block Anna K. , Barak Jeri D.
Published: January 2022

Salmonella enterica is ubiquitous in the plant environment, persisting in the face of UV stress, plant defense responses, desiccation, and nutrient limitation. These fluctuating conditions of the leaf surface result in S. enterica population decline. Biomultipliers, such as the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri, alter the phyllosphere to the benefit of S. enterica. Specific X. gardneri-dependent changes to this niche that promote S. enterica persistence remain unclear, and this work focuses on identifying factors that lead to increased S. enterica survival on leaves. Here, we show that the X. gardneri transcription activator-like effector AvrHah1 is both necessary and sufficient for increased survival of S. enterica on tomato leaves. An X. gardneri avrHah1 mutant fails to influence S. enterica survival while addition of avrHah1 to X. vesicatoria provides a gain of function. Our results indicate that although X. gardneri stimulates a robust immune response from the plant, AvrHah1 is not required for these effects. In addition, we demonstrate that cellular leakage that occurs during disease is independent of AvrHah1. Investigation of the interaction between S. enterica, X. gardneri, and the plant host provides information regarding how an inhospitable environment changes during infection and can be transformed into a habitable niche.
Complex Interaction Between CMT Equipment and Robot Controllers During the WAAM Process: Consequences for Toolpath Accuracy
Authors: Viola Ricardo Da Silva , Balandraud Xavier , Poulhaon Fabien , Michaud Pierre , Duc Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

In the WAAM process, the accuracy of the toolpath is of prime importance for the mechanical properties of the final part because of the material defects that could be generated. This paper deals with the motion analysis of the end effector nozzle of a robot dedicated to the WAAM process. The movement of the nozzle to create a rectangular layer was experimentally analyzed without physically depositing material (trajectory definition only). Various strategies, nozzle speeds and layer areas were compared in terms of travel time and length over different sections of the toolpath in order to identify various problems, in particular associated with acceleration and deceleration phases when changing direction. The consequences of a discontinuous deposition were also studied, revealing a complex interaction between cold metal transfer equipment and robot controllers. The results enable a better understanding of this interaction, which is important for deposition quality and performance. Finally, a model was proposed to calculate the manufacturing time of any layer area based on a preliminary identification for a single area.
Decreasing Hospital Readmissions Utilizing an Evidence-Based COPD Care Bundle
Authors: Kendra Moira , Mansukhani Rupal , Rudawsky Nicole , Landry Lisa , Reyes Natalie , Chiu Stephanie , Daley Brittney , Markley Daniel , Fetherman Brandee , Dimitry Edward A , Cerrone Federico , Shah Chirag V
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Management of COPD hospitalizations utilizing an evidence-based care bundle can provide consistent quality of care and may reduce readmissions.
Methods

This single center retrospective cohort study evaluated readmission rates in patients hospitalized with a COPD exacerbation. Patients in the pre-intervention cohort received usual care while post-intervention cohort received an innovative inpatient COPD care bundle. The bundle focused on optimizing care in five areas: consults, inpatient interventions, education, transitions of care, and after discharge care. To ensure consistency of interventions, a formal checklist of items was maintained.
Results

In this study, 149 subjects were included in the pre-intervention cohort and 214 subjects were included in the post-intervention cohort. Thirty-day readmission rates were lower in the post-intervention cohort, 22.4% vs. 38.3% (p=0.001). A reduction in 60-day and 90-day readmission rates was also observed, 13.7% vs. 40.3% (p< 0.001) and 10.1% vs. 32.2% (p<0.001), respectively.
Conclusion

Bundled care is an effective and inexpensive method for institutions to provide consistent and quality care. The findings of this study demonstrate that the implementation of a COPD care bundle is an effective strategy to decrease hospital readmissions.
SPIONs mediated magnetic actuation promotes nerve regeneration by inducing and maintaining repair-supportive phenotypes in Schwann cells
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Yang , Lu Laijin , Liu Yi
Published: January 2022

Background: Schwann cells, the glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, are highly plastic. In response to nerve injury, Schwann cells are reprogrammed to a series of specialized repair-promoting phenotypes, known as repair Schwann cells, which play a pivotal role in nerve regeneration. However, repair Schwann cells represent a transient and unstable cell state, and these cells progressively lose their repair phenotypes and repair‐supportive capacity; the transience of this state is one of the key reasons for regeneration failure in humans. Therefore, the ability to control the phenotypic stability of repair Schwann cells is of great practical importance as well as biological interest.
Results: We designed and prepared a type of fluorescent−magnetic bifunctional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In the present study, we established rat sciatic nerve injury models, then applied SPIONs to Schwann cells and established an effective SPION-mediated magnetic actuation system targeting the sciatic nerves. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA analysis were used to detect the molecular indicators related to repair phenotypes of Schwann cells. The nerve regeneration was evaluated using sciatic histomorphometric assessment, sciatic functional index (SFI) test and sciatic electrophysiological examination. Our results demonstrate that magnetic actuation mediated by SPIONs can induce and maintain repair-supportive phenotypes of Schwann cells, thereby promoting regeneration and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve after crush injury.
Conclusions: Our research indicate that Schwann cells can sense these external, magnetically driven mechanical forces and transduce them to intracellular biochemical signals that promote nerve regeneration by inducing and maintaining the repair phenotypes of Schwann cells. We hope that this study will provide a new therapeutic strategy to promote the regeneration and repair of injured peripheral nerves.
Developing an Integrated Land Allocation model based on Linear Programming and Game Theory
Authors: hasti farzam , SalmanMahiny Abdolrasoul , Rouhi Haydar , Sakieh Yousef , Joolaei Ramtin , Pezhooli Negin
Published: January 2022

Land use configuration in any given landscape is the result of a multi-objective optimization process, which takes into account different ecological, economic and social factors. In this process, coordinating stakeholders is a key factor to successful spatial land use optimization. Stakeholders need to be modeled as players who have the ability to interact with each other towards their best solution, while considering multiple goals and constraints at the same time. Game theory provides a tool for land use planners to model and analyze such interactions. In order to apply the spatial allocation model and address stakeholder conflicts, an integrated model based on linear programming and game theory was designed in the present study. For implementing such model, we conducted an optimal land use allocation process through multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) and linear programming methods. Then, two groups of environmental and land development players were considered to implement the optimization model. The game algorithm was used to select the appropriate constraint so that the result was acceptable to all stakeholders. The results showed that in the third round of the game, the decision-making process and the optimization of land uses reached the desired Nash Equilibrium state and the conflict between stakeholders was resolved. Ultimately, in order to localize the results, a suitable solution was presented in GIS environment.
Nanotechnology Strategy as Antibacterial: a Primer for the Notice.
Authors: Ibisanmi Tope Abraham
Published: January 2022

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a major threat to all fields of medical science as it can result in treatment failure which can have severe consequences, especially in case of critical patients. The availability of new antibacterial agents appeared to be a very complex process. Nanotechnology is an important field of modern research dealing with design, synthesis, and manipulation of particle structures ranging from approximately 1-100 nm. Main body: Nanoparticles (NPs) have wide range of applications in areas such as health care, cosmetics, food and feed, environmental health e.t.c. Nanosystems can be categorized based on their matrix properties and the material constituting them into inorganic and organic nanosystems. Techniques use in the synthesis of NPs includes; chemical, physical, photochemical, and biological methods. Each method has its pros and cons with common problems of cost, scalability and uniform particle size. Famous microbiologist Alexander Fleming said that “There is probably no chemotherapeutic drug to which in suitable circumstances the bacteria can not react by in some way acquiring fastness.” Therefore, there is high probability that the organism may also become resistance to newly developed drugs at later stage, further these drugs are highly expensive. Conclusion: To this end NPs are considered to be good antibacterial agents and may overcome the barrier of MDR owing to their multifunctional mechanisms to intervene normal cell functionality, ability to anchor to the bacterial cell wall and subsequently penetrate it, thereby causing structural changes in the cell membrane permeability leading to cell death.
The influence of Al2O3 on the structural properties of MgSiO3 akimotoite
Authors: Siersch Nicki C. , Criniti Giacomo , Kurnosov Alexander , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa , Liu Zhaodong , Ishii Takayuki , Frost Daniel J. , Yu Tony , Wang Yanbin
Published: January 2022

Akimotoite, a MgSiO3 polymorph present in the lower transition zone within ultramafic portions of subducting slabs and potentially also in the ambient mantle, will partition some amount of Al, raising the question of how this will affect its crystal structure and properties. In this study, a series of samples along the MgSiO3-Al2O3 (akimotoite-corundum) solid solution have been investigated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction to examine their crystal chemistry. Results show a strong nonlinear behavior of the a- and c-axes as a function of Al content, which arises from fundamentally different accommodation mechanisms in the akimotoite and corundum structures. Furthermore, two Al2O3-bearing akimotoite samples were investigated at high pressure to determine the different compression mechanisms associated with Al substitution. Al2O3-bearing akimotoite becomes more compressible at least up to 20 mol% Al2O3, due likely to an increase in compressibility as the Al cation is incorporated into the SiO6 octahedron. This observation is in strong contrast to the stiffer corundum end-member having a KT = 250 GPa, which is larger than that of the akimotoite end-member [KT = 205(1) GPa]. These findings have implications for mineral physics models of elastic properties, which have in the past assumed linear mixing behavior between the MgSiO3 akimotoite and Al2O3 corundum end-members to calculate sound wave velocities for Al-bearing akimotoite at high pressure and temperature.
Numerical study of the dependence of the wave velocity of filtration gas combustion on the process parameters
Authors:   Tajik National university, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Sadriddinov P.B.
Published: January 2022

When solving problems in the field of filtration combustion of gases, numerical methods are often used to analyze the wave structure depending on changes in the hydrogen content in the mixture and other physical and chemical parameters. This work analyzes the stationary structure of the wave of filtration combustion of incompressible gas in the low-speed mode when the parameters of the gas flow and the porous medium change, as well as when the hydrogen content in the mixture changes. The problem is solved by the numerical Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy, tested on a system of differential equations. Reduced to a dimensionless form, the system of equations is written in vector format. Programming is performed in Delphi 7. The results presented show agreement with the known experimental data and also allow us to obtain new conclusions about the structure of the filtration combustion wave of gases.
Interaction Among Noncoding RNAs, DNA Damage Reactions, and
Genomic Instability in the Hypoxic Tumor: Is it Therapeutically
Exploitable Practice?
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: January 2022

Hypoxia is a classical function of the tumor's microenvironment with a
substantial effect on the development and therapeutic response of cancer. When put in
hypoxic environments, cells undergo several biological reactions, including activation of
signaling pathways that control proliferation, angiogenesis, and death. These pathways
have been adapted by cancer cells to allow tumors to survive and even develop in
hypoxic conditions, and poor prognosis is associated with tumor hypoxia. The most
relevant transcriptional regulator in response to hypoxia, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1
alpha (HIF-1α), has been shown to modulate hypoxic gene expression and signaling
transduction networks significantly. The significance of non-coding RNAs in hypoxic
tumor regions has been revealed in an increasing number of studies over the past few
decades. In regulating hypoxic gene expression, these hypoxia-responsive ncRNAs play
pivotal roles. Hypoxia, a general characteristic of the tumor's microenvironment,
significantly affects the expression of genes and is closely associated with the
development of cancer. Indeed, the number of known hypoxia-associated lncRNAs has
increased dramatically, demonstrating the growing role of lncRNAs in cascades and
responses to hypoxia signaling. Decades of research have helped us create an image of
the shift in hypoxic cancer cells' DNA repair capabilities. Emerging evidence suggests
that hypoxia can trigger genetic instability in cancer cells because of microenvironmental
tumor stress. Researchers have found that critical genes' expression is coordinately
repressed by hypoxia within the DNA damage and repair pathways. In this study, we
include an update of current knowledge on the presentation, participation, and potential
clinical effect of ncRNAs in tumor hypoxia, DNA damage reactions, and genomic
instability, with a specific emphasis on their unusual cascade of molecular regulation and
malignant progression induced by hypoxia.
The Emerging Roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications
Authors: Huang Guoqing , Li Mingcai , Tian Xiaoqing , Jin Qiankai , Mao Yushan , Li Yan
Published: January 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. The importance of the inflammatory response occurring in the pancreas and adipose
tissue in the occurrence and progression of diabetes has been gradually accepted. Excess blood glucose
and free fatty acids produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
through oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. There is sufficient evidence that proinflammatory
mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and tumor
necrosis factor-α, are engaged in insulin resistance in peripheral adipose tissue and the apoptosis
of pancreatic β-cells. IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38, as new members of the IL-1 family, play an indispensable
role in the regulation of immune system homeostasis and are involved in the pathogenesis
of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, the abnormal expression of IL-36, IL-37, and
IL-38 in diabetes has been reported. In this review, we discuss the emerging functions, potential
mechanisms, and future research directions on the role of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in diabetes mellitus
and its complications.
Encouraging Behavior Changes and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Using the Prevent Connect Mobile Health App: Conception and Evaluation of App Quality (Preprint)
Authors: Agher Dahbia , Sedki Karima , Despres Sylvie , Albinet Jean-Pierre , Jaulent Marie-Christine , Tsopra Rosy
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Mobile health apps could help in preventing cardiovascular diseases by improving modifiable risk factors such as eating habits, physical activity levels, and alcohol or tobacco consumption.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to design a mobile health app, Prevent Connect, and to assess its quality for (1) assessing patient behavior for 4 cardiovascular risk factors (unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) and (2) suggesting personalized recommendations and mobile health interventions for risky behaviors.

METHODS

The knowledge base of the app is based on French national recommendations for healthy eating, physical activity, and limiting alcohol and tobacco consumption. It contains a list of patient behaviors and related personalized recommendations and digital health interventions. The interface was designed according to usability principles. Its quality was assessed by a panel of 52 users in a 5-step process: completion of the demographic form, visualization of a short presentation of the app, testing of the app, completion of the user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS), and an open group discussion.

RESULTS

This app assesses patient behaviors through specific questionnaires about 4 risk factors (unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) and suggests personalized recommendations and digital health interventions for improving behavior. The app was deemed to be of good quality, with a mean uMARS quality score of 4 on a 5-point Likert scale. The functionality and information content of the app were particularly appreciated, with a mean uMARS score above 4. Almost all the study participants appreciated the navigation system and found the app easy to use. More than three-quarters of the study participants found the app content relevant, concise, and comprehensive. The aesthetics and the engagement of the app were also appreciated (uMARS score, 3.7). Overall, 80% (42/52) of the study participants declared that the app helped them to become aware of the importance of addressing health behavior, and 65% (34/52) said that the app helped motivate them to change lifestyle habits.

CONCLUSIONS

The app assessed the risky behaviors of the patients and delivered personalized recommendations and digital health interventions for multiple risk factors. The quality of the app was considered to be good, but the impact of the app on behavior changes is yet to be demonstrated and will be assessed in further studies.
Lithic variability and raw material exploitation at the Middle Stone Age (MSA) site of Gotera, southern Ethiopia: A combined technological and quantitative approach
Authors: Fusco Marianna , Carletti Elena , Gallinaro Marina , Zerboni Andrea , Spinapolice Enza Elena
Published: January 2022

Technological variability within East African Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithic assemblages is considered a reflection of regional or local identities. These identities are a possible outcome of different social dynamics in human populations or interaction with the environment. Here we analysed the lithic assemblage from GOT 1-S site, in the Gotera area (Southern Ethiopia) in order to integrate fresh data from the region into the broader discussion on the technological variability of the MSA of Eastern Africa. To reach this goal, we considered lithic data from a surface dispersion, through the combination of different methods. Technological and statistical analyses performed on lithic assemblage suggest the existence of two distinct reduction sequences related to different raw materials: quartz and basalt. The technological analysis shows a more opportunistic reduction strategy on basalt artefacts, while the quartz lithic assemblage exhibits a more accurate preparation of core striking platforms and more predetermined products. The results of technological analyses on flakes, tools and cores were elaborated using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The two analyses allowed to confirm the hypothesis of two reduction strategies according to different raw material selection and managing. Furthermore, the categorical attributes from cores and flakes were processed by means of Correspondence Analysis, highlighting the technological differences linked to the different raw materials exploited. Moreover, the combined results from the technological and statistical analyses proved the validity of this integrated methodology to analyse a lithic collection from a surface context.