bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energetics (and Mechanical Determinants) of Sprint and Shuttle
Running
Authors: Zamparo Paola , Monte Andrea , Pavei Gaspare
Published: November 2023

Unsteady locomotion (e. g., sprints and shuttle runs) requires additional
metabolic (and mechanical) energy compared to running at constant speed. In
addition, sprints or shuttle runs with relevant speed changes (e. g.,
with large accelerations and/or decelerations) are typically short in
duration and, thus, anaerobic energy sources must be taken into account when
computing energy expenditure. In sprint running there is an additional problem
due to the objective difficulty in separating the acceleration phase from a
(necessary and subsequent) deceleration phase.

In this review the studies that report data of energy expenditure during sprints
and shuttles (estimated or actually calculated) will be summarized and compared.
Furthermore, the (mechanical) determinants of metabolic energy expenditure will
be discussed, with a focus on the analogies with and differences from the
energetics/mechanics of constant-speed linear running.
Mechanistic Insights into Ferroptotic Cell Death in Pancreatic
Islets
Authors: Schepp Florian , Schubert Undine , Schmid Janine , Lehmann Susann , Latunde-Dada Gladys Oluyemisi , Kose Tugba , Steenblock Charlotte , Bornstein Stefan R. , Linkermann Andreas , Ludwig Barbara
Published: November 2023

Ferroptosis was recently identified as a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent cell death
mechanism that is involved in various pathologic conditions. There is first
evidence for its significance also in the context of islet isolation and
transplantation. Transplantation of pancreatic human islets is a viable
treatment strategy for patients with complicated diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D)
that suffer from severe hypoglycemia. A major determinant for functional outcome
is the initial islet mass transplanted. Efficient islet isolation procedures and
measures to minimize islet loss are therefore of high relevance. To this end,
better understanding and subsequent targeted inhibition of cell death during
islet isolation and transplantation is an effective approach. In this study, we
aimed to elucidate the mechanism of ferroptosis in pancreatic islets. Using a
rodent model, isolated islets were characterized relating to the effects of
experimental induction (RSL3) and inhibition (Fer1) of ferroptotic pathways.
Besides viability, survival, and function, the study focused on characteristic
ferroptosis-associated intracellular changes such as MDA level, iron
concentration and the expression of ACSL4. The study demonstrates that
pharmaceutical induction of ferroptosis by RSL3 causes enhancement of oxidative
stress and leads to an increase of intracellular iron, zinc and MDA
concentration, as well as the expression of ACSL4 protein. Consequently, a
massive reduction of islet function, viability, and survival was found. Fer1 has
the potential to inhibit and attenuate these cellular changes and thereby
protect the islets from cell death.
Technische Innovationen zur Optimierung der Ultraschallbildgebung
Authors: Seifert Philipp , Freesmeyer Martin , Dudwiesus Heiko
Published: November 2023

Aufgrund der hohen Inzidenz von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen besitzt die Ultraschalluntersuchung des Halses in vielen nuklearmedizinischen Abteilungen einen hohen Stellenwert. Ein präzises Sonogramm mit hoher Ortsauflösung und Bildschärfe über den gesamten Abbildungsbereich bei gleichzeitig minimaler Artefaktbelastung, ist die Voraussetzung, um dem Anspruch hoher diagnostischer Genauigkeit in der modernen Medizin gerecht zu werden. In den letzten 20–30 Jahren konnte eine Vielzahl wegweisender technischer Innovationen, wie die Entwicklung des Matrix-Arrays, die elektronische Bildfokussierung, die multidirektionale Abstrahlung, die Artefaktlimitation durch Speckle-Reduktion und Harmonic Imaging sowie die Möglichkeit der Sichtfelderweiterung, umgesetzt werden.
Single-Session Thrombectomy without Thrombolysis for Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Single-Center Experience of ClotTriever with Evaluation of Predictors for Reocclusion
Authors: Yu Qian , Kwak Daniel , Tran Patrick , Ungchusri Ethan , Wang Bowen , Ahmed Syed Samaduddin , Said Adam , Patel Mikin , Lorenz Jonathan , Ahmed Osman
Published: November 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a mechanical thrombectomy device in treating iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) without thrombolysis and factors associated with post-thrombectomy occlusion.

Methods A single-institution retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for iliofemoral DVT using the Inari ClotTriever device was performed from August 2019 to July 2022 without thrombolysis or aspiration. Pre- and post-thrombectomy modified Marder score, symptomatic relief, and other baseline characteristics were evaluated. Occlusion rate was evaluated by clinical symptoms and imaging studies during follow-up. Occlusion-free survival (OFS) was calculated. Factors associated with OFS were evaluated with log-rank tests and cox-proportional hazard ratio model. Procedure-related complications were reported.

Results Among 32 included patients and 45 limbs, the mean Marder score decreased from 17.5 ± 8.1 to 0.13 ± 0.89 after thrombectomy. Stenting was needed in 13 patients (40.6%). No procedure-related major complication was observed postprocedurally. At initial follow-up, symptomatic improvement and occlusion-free patency were achieved in 80.0 and 72.2%, respectively. Poor venous inflow on post-thrombectomy venogram (p < 0.05) was associated with early occlusion. Suboptimal use of post-thrombectomy anticoagulation (n = 7) was the only independent predictor of clinical and radiological OFS (p = 0.042).

Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy with ClotTriever is safe and effective in the treatment of acute and/or subacute iliofemoral DVT and can mitigate the need for thrombolytic therapy. Poor venous inflow on post-thrombectomy venogram and suboptimal use of anticoagulation were associated with early reocclusion.
Welfare regimes in Asia: convergent or divergent?
Authors: Han Seungwoo
Published: November 2023

While existing scholarship predominantly focuses on the evolution of welfare regimes in advanced Western economies, there has been limited investigation into the trajectories of such systems in the Asia-Pacific region. This study presents a nuanced analysis of welfare regimes in 20 Asian countries, examining their transformation since the 2000s through principle component analysis and clustering algorithms. Contrary to the predictions of comparative political economy and international political economy theories, the findings reveal that these nations neither exhibit a strict divergence in welfare patterns nor converge strictly towards market-driven commodification. Instead, they adopt a balanced approach, harmonizing elements of both commodification and decommodification. This flexibility allows them to navigate complex challenges, including productivity competition, external shocks, and internal inequality. The study suggests that this balanced approach may act as a positive feedback mechanism, enabling these countries to adapt to both global economic pressures and domestic social imperatives.
Reservoir concatenation and the spectrum distribution of concatenated reservoir state matrices
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Park Eonyoung , Jang Bongsoo , Kim Yunho
Published: November 2023

Reservoir computing, one of the state-of-the-art machine learning architectures, processes time-series data generated by dynamical systems. Nevertheless, we have realized that reservoir computing with the conventional single-reservoir structure suffers from capacity saturation. This leads to performance stagnation in practice. Therefore, we propose an extended reservoir computing architecture called reservoir concatenation to further delay such stagnation. Not only do we provide training error analysis and test error comparison of reservoir concatenation, but we also propose a crucial measure, which is the trace associated with a reservoir state matrix, that explains the level of responsiveness to reservoir concatenation. Two reservoir dynamics are compared in detail, one by using the echo state network and the other by using a synchronization model called an explosive Kuramoto model. The distinct eigenvalue distributions of the reservoir state matrices from the two models are well reflected in the trace values that are shown to account for the different reservoir capacity behaviors, determining the different levels of responsiveness.
Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Krása Josef , Burian Tomáš , Hájková Věra , Chalupský Jaromír , Jelínek Šimon , Frantálová Kateřina , Krupka Michal , Kuglerová Zuzana , Singh Sushil Kumar , Vozda Vojtěch , Vyšín Luděk , Šmíd Michal , Perez-Martin Pablo , Kühlman Marion , Pintor Juan , Cikhardt Jakub , Dreimann Matthias , Eckermann Dennis , Rosenthal Felix , Vinko Sam M. , Forte Alessandro , Gawne Thomas , Campbell Thomas , Ren Shenyuan , Shi YuanFeng , Hutchinson Trevor , Humphries Oliver , Preston Thomas , Makita Mikako , Nakatsutsumi Motoaki , Pan Xiayun , Köhler Alexander , Harmand Marion , Toleikis Sven , Falk Katerina , Juha Libor
Published: November 2023

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL) aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating. In the experiment, we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model. We find that most emitted ions are thermal, but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface, such as protons, are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons. The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures. We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.
Modeling language ideologies for the dynamics of languages in contact
Authors: Rosillo-Rodes Pablo , San Miguel Maxi , Sánchez David
Published: November 2023

In multilingual societies, it is common to encounter different language varieties. Various approaches have been proposed to discuss different mechanisms of language shift. However, current models exploring language shift in languages in contact often overlook the influence of language ideologies. Language ideologies play a crucial role in understanding language usage within a cultural community, encompassing shared beliefs, assumptions, and feelings toward specific language forms. These ideologies shed light on the social perceptions of different language varieties expressed as language attitudes. In this study, we introduce an approach that incorporates language ideologies into a model for contact varieties by considering speaker preferences as a parameter. Our findings highlight the significance of preference in language shift, which can even outweigh the influence of language prestige associated, for example, with a standard variety. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the degree of interaction between individuals holding opposing preferences on the language shift process. Quite expectedly, our results indicate that when communities with different preferences mix, the coexistence of language varieties becomes less likely. However, variations in the degree of interaction between individuals with contrary preferences notably lead to non-trivial transitions from states of coexistence of varieties to the extinction of a given variety, followed by a return to coexistence, ultimately culminating in the dominance of the previously extinct variety. By studying finite-size effects, we observe that the duration of coexistence states increases exponentially with the network size. Ultimately, our work constitutes a quantitative approach to the study of language ideologies in sociolinguistics.
Measurements of improved stability to achieve higher fuel compression in ICF
Authors: Do A. , Casey D. T. , Clark D. S. , Bachmann B. , Baker K. L. , Braun T. , Briggs T. M. , Chapman T. D , Celliers P. M. , Chen H. , Choate C. , Dewald E. L. , Divol L. , Fathi G. , Fittinghoff D. N. , Hall G. N. , Hartouni E. , Holunga D. M. , Khan S. F. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , MacPhee A. G. , Millot M. , Marley E. V. , Milovich J. L. , Nikroo A. , Pak A. E. , Schlossberg D. J. , Smalyuk V. A. , Stadermann M. , Strozzi D. J. , Tommasini R. , Weber C. R. , Woodworth B. N. , Yanagisawa D. K. , Birge N. W. , Danly C. R. , Durocher M. , Freeman M. S. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Kim Y. , Meaney K. D , Wilde C. H. , Johnson M. Gatu , Allen A. , Ratledge M. , Kong C. , Fehrenbach T. , Wild C.
Published: November 2023

While nuclear fusion ignition has been achieved at the National Ignition Facility in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, obtaining higher gain and more efficient burn is still desired. In that regard, increasing the compression of the fuel is an important factor. In recent indirect-drive capsule implosions, the SQ-n campaign is testing the hypothesis that reducing the hydrodynamic growth of perturbations is key to achieving higher compression of high-density carbon based-ablators for ICF. SQ-n uses a design at lower adiabat with a ramped foot laser pulse shape to minimize early-time hydrodynamic instability growth, predicted to be reduced by a factor of 10, and an optimized ablator dopant distribution. Subsets of experiments were conducted within the SQ-n campaign to study the implosion symmetry, laser backscatter, stability, and compression. Only the latter two will be reviewed here. Shock timing experiments using the velocity interferometer system for any reflector diagnostic enabled the development of a gently accelerating shock velocity. The ice–ablator interface acceleration, important for managing the Richtmyer–Meshkov phase growth, was observed with refraction enhanced radiography and the ablation front growth was measured using radiography of pre-imposed modulations. Finally, layered tritium-hydrogen-deuterium (∼75% H, ∼25% T, ∼2–10% D) and deuterium–tritium implosions demonstrate that between 15% ± 3% and 30% ± 6% improved compression has been achieved.
Analytical nonadiabatic coupling and state-specific energy gradient for the crystal field Hamiltonian describing lanthanide single-ion magnets
Authors: Dergachev Vsevolod D. , Nakritskaia Daria D. , Alexeev Yuri , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro , Varganov Sergey A.
Published: November 2023

Paramagnetic molecules with a metal ion as an electron spin center are promising building blocks for molecular qubits and high-density memory arrays. However, fast spin relaxation and decoherence in these molecules lead to a rapid loss of magnetization and quantum information. Nonadiabatic coupling (NAC), closely related to spin-vibrational coupling, is the main source of spin relaxation and decoherence in paramagnetic molecules at higher temperatures. Predicting these couplings using numerical differentiation requires a large number of computationally intensive ab initio or crystal field electronic structure calculations. To reduce computational cost and improve accuracy, we derive and implement analytical NAC and state-specific energy gradient for the ab initio parametrized crystal field Hamiltonian describing single-ion molecular magnets. Our implementation requires only a single crystal field calculation. In addition, the accurate NACs and state-specific energy gradients can be used to model spin relaxation using sophisticated nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, which avoids the harmonic approximation for molecular vibrations. To test our implementation, we calculate the NAC values for three lanthanide complexes. The predicted values support the relaxation mechanisms reported in previous studies.
Temperature-activated polarization of single photon emitters
Authors: Jeridi Haifa , Royer Sebastien , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Lacaze Emmanuelle
Published: November 2023

Controlled activation of the polarization of single photon emitters is a challenge. We use CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods (DRs) confined and oriented in smectic topological grain boundaries to activate the fluorescence polarization through temperature variation. We show that temperature acts as a knob to switch on/off the polarization of DR emitted light between smectic and isotropic phase. This occurs through the orientational motion of the DR assemblies, which is induced in isotropic phase due to the disappearing of the defects. In addition, we evidence a significant improvement of DR emitted light polarization after cooling back from the isotropic phase. It is measured by the increase in polarization degree from 0.28 to 0.36 on average for DR assemblies. This improvement is managed by the smectic phase diagram near the smectic/nematic transition. Near the smectic/nematic transition, the smectic grain boundaries entirely cover the sample surface and allow for a reorientation of all DRs, even of those initially not confined in smectic grain boundaries.
Laser material interactions in tamped materials on picosecond time scales in aluminum
Authors: Parsons Sophie E. , Turner Ross E. , Armstrong Michael R. , Radousky Harry B. , Garay Javier E. , Beg Farhat N.
Published: November 2023

A 100 ps laser is used to probe the pressure generation, depth of the non-solid ablator, and the non-linear optical effects through tamper materials. Samples consisted of an aluminum ablator with tampers of sapphire and coverslip glass. In general, the sapphire tamped sample achieves higher pressures at lower laser intensities as compared to the coverslip glass tamped sample. Attempts to model the details of this set of experimental data with standard available radiation coupled hydrodynamic codes make clear that more physics is needed in these simulations to accurately predict the impact of the tamper material on the pressure generation and the depth of non-solid aluminum.
Electromagnetohydrodynamics Casson pulsatile nanofluid flow through a bifurcated stenosed artery: Magnetically targeted drug delivery
Authors: Gandhi Rishu , Sharma B. K. , Khanduri Umesh
Published: November 2023

The current study is centered on the application of magnetically targeted drug delivery in a constricted vertical bifurcated artery utilizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The arterial stenosis is characterized by a bell-shaped narrowing in the parent artery and overlapping narrowing in the daughter artery. The blood is regarded as exhibiting the rheological behavior of a Casson fluid. The temperature-dependent nature of blood viscosity is postulated, and Reynold’s viscosity model describes it. This study examines the impact of electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD), body acceleration, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation. The assumption of a no-slip velocity condition is made at the walls of the artery. The governing equations are subjected to a process of non-dimensionalization and simplification, employing the mild-stenosis approximation. The resulting equations are subsequently solved in MATLAB by employing the finite-difference Crank–Nicolson technique. Entropy plays a significant role during any treatment or surgery; therefore, the present problem addresses entropy generation minimization. The results for velocity, temperature, wall shear stress, flow rate, impedance, heat transfer rate, entropy generation number, and Bejan number are represented graphically. The velocity contours illustrate that the flow velocity enhances with the Casson fluid and particle mass parameters. Furthermore, the number of trapped bolus also increases in the daughter artery. The nanofluid velocity and particle velocity decrease with an increase in the particle concentration parameter in the parent artery and the daughter artery. Entropy declines with the temperature difference parameter increment, whereas the Bejan number enhances. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have various applications owing to their biocompatibility, elevated magnetic susceptibility, chemical stability, non-toxic nature, and cost-effectiveness.
The roles of undercooling degree and materials surface configuration in the growth mechanism of ice layer caused by micro-droplets
Authors: Xu Yangjiangshan , Liu Weilan , Shen Yizhou , Chen Haifeng , Tao Jie , Jiang Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Liu Senyun , Nong Xuefeng
Published: November 2023

Effect mechanisms of the undercooling degree and the surface configuration on the ice growth characteristics were revealed under micro-droplets icing conditions. Preferential ice crystals appear firstly on the surfaces due to the randomness of icing, and obtain growth advantages to form protruding structures. Protruding structures block the incoming droplets from contacting the substrates, causing voids around the structures. The undercooling degree mainly affects the density and the growth rate of preferential ice crystals. With the increase of undercooling degree, the preferential ice crystals have higher density and growth rate, resulting in stronger growth advantage and higher porosity. The surface configuration affects the growth mode, and the ice layer grows with uniform mode, spreading mode and structure-induced mode on the aluminum, smooth Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and rough PTFE surface respectively, causing the needle-like, ridge-like and cluster-like ice crystals. The rough structures effectively improve the porosity of the ice layer, which is beneficial for optimizing the icephobic property of the materials. This paper provides important theoretical guidance for the design of subsequent icephobic materials.
Dual-inhibitory domain iCARs improve the efficiency of the AND-NOT gate CAR T strategy
Authors: Bangayan Nathanael J. , Wang Liang , Burton Sojo Giselle , Noguchi Miyako , Cheng Donghui , Ta Lisa , Gunn Donny , Mao Zhiyuan , Liu Shiqin , Yin Qingqing , Riedinger Mireille , Li Keyu , Wu Anna M. , Stoyanova Tanya , Witte Owen N.
Published: November 2023

CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy has shown clinical success in treating hematological malignancies, but its treatment of solid tumors has been limited. One major challenge is on-target, off-tumor toxicity, where CAR T cells also damage normal tissues that express the targeted antigen. To reduce this detrimental side-effect, Boolean-logic gates like AND-NOT gates have utilized an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) to specifically curb CAR T cell activity at selected nonmalignant tissue sites. However, the strategy seems inefficient, requiring high levels of iCAR and its target antigen for inhibition. Using a TROP2-targeting iCAR with a single PD1 inhibitory domain to inhibit a CEACAM5-targeting CAR (CEACAR), we observed that the inefficiency was due to a kinetic delay in iCAR inhibition of cytotoxicity. To improve iCAR efficiency, we modified three features of the iCAR—the avidity, the affinity, and the intracellular signaling domains. Increasing the avidity but not the affinity of the iCAR led to significant reductions in the delay. iCARs containing twelve different inhibitory signaling domains were screened for improved inhibition, and three domains (BTLA, LAIR-1, and SIGLEC-9) each suppressed CAR T function but did not enhance inhibitory kinetics. When inhibitory domains of LAIR-1 or SIGLEC-9 were combined with PD-1 into a single dual-inhibitory domain iCAR (DiCARs) and tested with the CEACAR, inhibition efficiency improved as evidenced by a significant reduction in the inhibitory delay. These data indicate that a delicate balance between CAR and iCAR signaling strength and kinetics must be achieved to regulate AND-NOT gate CAR T cell selectivity.
La traduction de l’argot des jeunes Égyptiens
Authors: Ali Mohamed Saad
Published: November 2023

Cet article se propose d’examiner les problèmes de la traduction vers le français de l’argot des jeunes Égyptiens
des classes populaires. Il s’agit donc de deux variétés linguistiques qui sont étroitement liées l’une à l’autre: l’argot et la
langue des jeunes. Ces deux variétés diffèrent remarquablement d’une communauté linguistique à l’autre selon la formation
culturelle et la structure socio-historique. Au vu des différences entre les deux communautés linguistiques égyptienne et
française, la traduction de l’argot de l’une vers l’autre suscitera ipso facto certaines difficultés. Nous
voulons donc étudier l’argot des jeunes Égyptiens et son impact sur le processus de traduction. Dans un premier temps, nous allons
mettre brièvement en relief les divergences entre l’argot français et l’argot égyptien, leur statut dans la société et les
difficultés de rendre ce dernier en langue-culture française. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinerons la traduction en français
de certains composants de l’argot des jeunes Égyptiens pour savoir comment les deux langues considérées gèrent cet argot avec
leurs propres systèmes linguistique et culturel. Les exemples d’analyse portent sur Les femmes de Karantina,
roman écrit par Nael Eltouky, et sa traduction française, portant le même titre, faite par Khaled Osman. L’étude montre qu’en
raison des différences linguistiques et culturelles le traducteur a opté pour différentes stratégies traductives.
A critical review of research on translation and memory
Authors: Hou Song
Published: November 2023

This article presents a critical review of a bourgeoning interdisciplinary research trend in the English-language literature that integrates Translation Studies and Memory Studies. After sketching its emergence over the past three decades or so, the article recounts main theoretical contributions in this research trend to explain how scholars promote an idea of translation as memory and expound on political and ethical issues. It then reports on analytical scholarship on specific cases of translation that take on different memory themes, including (1) the Holocaust, genocide and mass killing, (2) war, conflict, and other dark memories, and (3) traditions and sites of memory. Finally, to anticipate a more diversified prospect of the research trend, it is suggested that researchers adopt more concepts and theories from recent transcultural memory studies, and attend more to memory cultures, themes, and practices in different, especially non-Western, contexts.
Effective Bi-Layer Model Hamiltonian and Density-Matrix Renormalization Group Study for the High-T
c Superconductivity in La3Ni2O7 under High Pressure
Authors: Shen 沈 Yang 阳 , Qin 秦 Mingpu 明普 , Zhang 张 Guang-Ming 广铭
Published: November 2023

High-T
c superconductivity with possible T
c ≈ 80 K has been reported in the single crystal of La3Ni2O7 under high pressure. Based on the electronic structure given by the density functional theory calculations, we propose an effective bi-layer model Hamiltonian including both 3d

z
2
and 3d

x
2–y
2
orbital electrons of the nickel cations. The main feature of the model is that the 3d

z
2
electrons form inter-layer σ-bonding and anti-bonding bands via the apical oxygen anions between the two layers, while the 3d

x
2–y
2
electrons hybridize with the 3d

z
2
electrons within each NiO2 plane. The chemical potential difference of these two orbital electrons ensures that the 3d

z
2
orbitals are close to half-filling and the 3d

x
2–y
2
orbitals are near quarter-filling. The strong on-site Hubbard repulsion of the 3d

z
2
orbital electrons gives rise to an effective inter-layer antiferromagnetic spin super-exchange J. Applying pressure can self dope holes on the 3d

z
2
orbitals with the same amount of electrons doped on the 3d

x
2–y
2
orbitals. By performing numerical density-matrix renormalization group calculations on a minimum setup and focusing on the limit of large J and small doping of 3d

z
2
orbitals, we find the superconducting instability on both the 3d

z
2
and 3d

x
2–y
2
orbitals by calculating the equal-time spin singlet pair–pair correlation function. Our numerical results may provide useful insights in the high-T
c superconductivity in single crystal La3Ni2O7 under high pressure.
Cross-condition quantitative diagnosis method for bearing faults based on IDRSN-ECDAN
Authors: He Shuilong , Zhu Liangyu , Li Hui , Hu Chaofan , Bao Jiading , Mo Qiuyun
Published: November 2023

The development of cross-condition quantitative diagnosis methods for estimating bearing faults based on deep transfer learning technology is considered of great importance for practical applications. However, the existing intelligent quantitative diagnostic methods suffer from noise interference in the vibration data and require the utilization of historical data. Therefore, in this work, a cross-condition quantitative diagnostic method for estimating the bearing faults based on an improved deep residual shrinkage network—entropy conditional domain adversarial network (IDRSN-ECDAN) was proposed. First, a sub-network was added to the residual module to construct a residual shrinkage module, which reduced the noise interference in vibration signals. Next, DropBlock layers were added to the deep residual shrinkage network, and the Adamax optimizer was adopted to improve the diagnostic ability of the model further. Finally, the IDRSN was combined with the ECDAN to transfer the effective information from the source domain data to the target domain through adversarial training. The proposed method was used to systematically analyse a bearing dataset with 15 different fault sizes from a doubly-fed wind turbine test platform, and its superiority was demonstrated through performing several experiments on cross-condition bearing fault quantitative diagnosis.
nnUnetFormer: an automatic method based on nnUnet and transformer for brain tumor segmentation with multimodal MR images
Authors: Guo Shunchao , Chen Qijian , Wang Li , Wang Lihui , Zhu Yuemin
Published: November 2023

Objective. Both local and global context information is crucial semantic features for brain tumor segmentation, while almost all the CNN-based methods cannot learn global spatial dependencies very well due to the limitation of convolution operations. The purpose of this paper is to build a new framework to make full use of local and global features from multimodal MR images for improving the performance of brain tumor segmentation. Approach. A new automated segmentation method named nnUnetFormer was proposed based on nnUnet and transformer. It fused transformer modules into the deeper layers of the nnUnet framework to efficiently obtain both local and global features of lesion regions from multimodal MR images. Main results. We evaluated our method on BraTS 2021 dataset by 5-fold cross-validation and achieved excellent performance with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) 0.936, 0.921 and 0.872, and 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance (HD95) 3.96, 4.57 and 10.45 for the regions of whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and enhancing tumor (ET), respectively, which outperformed recent state-of-the-art methods in terms of both average DSC and average HD95. Besides, ablation experiments showed that fusing transformer into our modified nnUnet framework improves the performance of brain tumor segmentation, especially for the TC region. Moreover, for validating the generalization capacity of our method, we further conducted experiments on FeTS 2021 dataset and achieved satisfactory segmentation performance on 11 unseen institutions with DSC 0.912, 0.872 and 0.759, and HD95 6.16, 8.81 and 38.50 for the regions of WT, TC, and ET, respectively. Significance. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has competitive performance against the state-of-the-art methods, indicating its interest for clinical applications.
Quantum loop effects on the power spectrum and constraints on primordial black holes
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Panda Sudhakar , Sami M.
Published: November 2023

We present a detailed exposition on the prospects of the formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) during Slow Roll (SR) to Ultra Slow Roll (USR) sharp transitions in the framework of single-field inflation. We use an effective field theory (EFT) approach in order to keep the analysis model-independent and applicable to both the canonical and non-canonical cases. We show in detail how renormalizing the power spectrum to one loop order in P(X,ϕ) theories severely limits the prospects for PBH formation in a single-field inflationary framework. We demonstrate that for the allowed range of effective sound speed, 1 < cs
 < 1.17, the consistency of one-loop corrected power spectrum leaves a small window for black hole masses, M
PBH∼𝒪(102–103)gm to have sufficient e-foldings, Δ𝒩Total ∼ 𝒪(54–59) for inflation. We confirm that adding an SR regime after USR before the end of inflation does not significantly alter our conclusions. Our findings for sharp transition strictly rule out the possibility of generating large masses of PBHs from all possible models of single field inflation (canonical and non-canonical).
Our results are at least valid for the situation where constraints from the loop effects are computed using either Late-Time (LT) or Adiabatic-Wave function
(AF) scheme followed by Power Spectrum (PS) renormalization schemes.
Addendum: Nearby active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies as sources of the measured UHECRs anisotropy signal
Authors: de Oliveira Cainã , de Souza Vitor
Published: November 2023

The CRPropa developers emitted a note reporting problems in the Extragalactic Magnetic Field (EGMF) models used in this paper. In this addendum, we present some differences obtained using the updated results based on the new version of the EGMF models. All the main conclusions presented in the paper remain valid.
Enhancing force sensing in a squeezed optomechanical system with quantum non-demolition measurement
Authors: Chao Shi-Lei , Li Zi-Hao , Lü Xin-You
Published: November 2023

A theoretical scheme is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of force sensors with quantum non-demolition measurement (QND) in an optomechanical setup assisted by four-tone optical driving and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). With the help of special drive, the system can be simplified as the typical type of QND for force sensing, so that the backaction noise can be evaded to surpass the standard quantum limit. Besides, the added noise can be suppressed owing to the modified optical susceptibility resulting from the OPA. By introducing two oscillators coupling with two charged bodies respectively, the signal can be enhanced with the nonlinearity caused by Coulomb interaction, while the noise presents an exponential decrease. Moreover, considering the homodyne detection effect, the range of system parameters and frequency bands will be broadened. The present investigation may provide a route toward simultaneously evading backaction noise, reducing the mechanical thermal noise, and enhancing the external signal, which can be an alternative design for sensitive devices.
Quantum nonlocality evolution for two entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence
Authors: Tan Zhao-Song , Yang Shou-Bang , Yang Zhen-Biao , Zheng Shi-Biao
Published: November 2023

Investigation of the nonlocality evolution of entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence not only is important for understanding the quantum–classical transition, but also has relevance to quantum communication and quantum computation protocols based on continuous variables. According to previous formulations of Bell inequalities, the system loses nonlocal features far before the disappearance of entanglement. We here construct a new version of Bell signal based on rotated and displaced on–off correlations, with which the Bell inequality is violated as long as there remains entanglement and the field state components keep quasiorthogonal. Consequently, the nonlocal character revealed by our formulation decays much slower compared with those based on previous ones. More importantly, there exists a wide regime where the Bell inequality is restored with previous formulations but remains to be violated based on our correlation operators.
The tunable resonant IC antenna concept and its design for DTT experiment
Authors: Milanesio D. , Galindo Huertas D.L. , Ceccuzzi S. , Vecchi G. , Baiocchi B. , Cardinali A. , Mascali D. , Mauro G.S. , Mirizzi F. , Pidatella A. , Ravera G.L. , Torrisi G. , Tuccillo A.A.
Published: November 2023

The intrinsic poor loading of Ion Cyclotron (IC) plasma-facing antennas makes the use of Tuning and Matching Systems (TMSs) a necessity. The antenna plus TMS is a resonant system; in the TMS and access lines high voltages (tens of kV) must be accounted for in the unavoidable unmatched part of the feeding lines. In this work, we propose and test an innovative type of IC launcher; it is based on achieving resonance of the self-standing antenna, i.e. without the TMS. A mechanical full-metal tuning mechanism is described and demonstrated to allow wide-band operation. A systematic analysis of possible antenna topologies has led to identifying a structure that can allow good impedance matching along with compliance with maximum electric field constraints. Most of the design is carried out using a simplified plasma and a commercial analysis tool and then validated with a realistic plasma using TOPICA code.
University Students’ Perspectives on Physics Education in Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Suprapto N , Hidaayatullaah H N
Published: November 2023

This research explores university students’ perspectives on integrating sustainable development goals in physics education subjects (SDGs-PE). However, there is a few research that focuses on SDGs-PE. This research adopts a quantitative survey and is supported by a qualitative interview design. Fifty-two university students participated in the survey to fulfill the SDGs-PE instrument, and five interview participants for data collection. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and descriptive analysis were used to achieve the research’s goals. The research indicated that the SDGs-PE fulfills the criteria of validity and reliability. The construct validities of the SDGs-PE varied from .538 to .886 and explained 64.26% of the variance. Overall, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the instrument was .812. This research has also highlighted the integration of physics education, education for sustainable development, and sustainable development goals.
Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Microfiber Reinforced Composite with NaOH Modification
Authors: Haryanti N H , Suryajaya  , Manik T N , Safi’i A
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of a composite made from water chestnut microfiber and e-glass with a polyester matrix. Using water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) as reinforcement for composite materials is a good way to utilize local materials and increase the economy of local people. It would need a modified treatment to improve the mechanical properties of water chestnut fiber-reinforced composites. The water chestnut fiber was modified by treating it with 5% volume NaOH solution and continued with 5% volume H2O2 bleaching, 50% volume H2SO4 hydrolysis, and ultrasonication. Then it was washed with water and dried in the oven for 12 hours to obtain the microfiber. The size of the water chestnut microfiber obtained was about 3-9 µm. Composite was produced using the compression molding method at a pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of 25°C. The variations in the volume fraction of the polyester composite, water chestnut microfiber, and e-glass fiber with Volume Fraction (%) were 60%:40%:0% (sample A), 60%:0%:40% (sample B), 50%:25%;25% (sample C), 60%:40%:0% (sample D) and 70%:15%:15% (sample E). The physical characterization of composites showed that the lowest composite density and water content on samples B and A were 1.22 g/cm3 and 0.59%. In contrast, the mechanical characterization of composites showed the highest MoR and MoE on samples A and C of 87.86 MPa and 10.43 Gpa, respectively. Composite made from water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) modified microfiber reinforcing material with 5% volume NaOH solution and e-glass with a polyester matrix at a volume fraction composition of 50%:25%:25% is recommended.
Characteristic of Nanofiber PVA-Graphene Oxide (GO) as Lithium Battery Separator
Authors: Kusumawati D H , Agustin T N
Published: November 2023

Batteries have many uses, so a lot of research on batteries has been developed. The part of the battery that has not been studied much is the separator, which has a crucial role as one of the battery components. The separator is the main component in the lithium-ion battery, which functions to prevent short circuits, transport free ions, and isolate electricity. The separator must have adequate porosity, high conductivity, and good thermal stability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of the nanofiber membrane, which will be applied as a separator in lithium batteries. The material that can meet the characteristics of the battery separator is PVA-GO nanofiber. Graphene oxide was synthesized using Hummer’s method, while PVA-GO nanofiber was synthesized by electrospinning. The characterization of the separator includes conductivity, impedance, and porosity tests. The GO variations given to PVA were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 gr. The resulting fiber diameter ranges from 162-194 nm, with the smallest fiber diameter being 0.2 gr GO. Nanofiber with characteristics as a membrane for separators is PVA-GO 0.4 gram, with an electrical conductivity value of 5.91×10−4 S/cm and a porosity of 42%.
Study of Performance Graphene Oxide Modification of LiFePO4/C Material for The Cathode of Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hana N H , Munasir
Published: November 2023

The need for energy storage is increasing rapidly along with technological development. Lithium ion batteries are one of the energy storages that are in great demand due to their high specific capacity and energy density, discharge voltage of 3.4 volts, and environmental friendliness. LiFePO4 is a lithium-ion battery cathode material with a high specific capacity of 170 mAh/g and a discharge voltage of about 3.4 V, thermal stability, high energy density, environmentally friendly, and easy to obtain. However, it has low electrical conductivity and poor ion diffusion, which hinders energy storage. Carbon modification is a method that has the advantage of reducing particle size and preventing agglomeration in nanoparticles, so this method is widely researched to improve lithium ion diffusion coefficient and conductivity in lithium ion batteries. This study aims to describe the effect of GO modification on the characterization of LiFePO4/C-GO composite material and LiFePO4/C-GO composite material battery performance as a lithium ion battery cathode material. In this study, it can be seen that the addition of GO in LiFePO4 cathode material can improve battery performance. The LiFePO4/C-GO-10 cathode obtained the most effective results with the lowest Rct value of 95.21 Ω and the highest conductivity value of 14.3×10-6 S/cm indicating the best electron transport. The Rct value decreased with the addition of GO, and the conductivity value increased with the addition of GO.
Validity of Teaching Modules with Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted by E-Book to Improve Problem-Solving Skills on Renewable Energy Material and Implementation of Independent Learning Curriculum
Authors: Dwikoranto  , Dawana I R , Setiani R
Published: November 2023

Problem-solving skills are an important basic competency in 21st-century learning through the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. However, the problem-solving skills of students in Indonesia are still low. Therefore, an effective learning model is needed to improve problem-solving skills, one of which is through the development of teaching modules. This study aims to develop teaching modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) assisted by e-books to improve the problem-solving skills of grade X high school students based on content, construct, and language feasibility. This research uses a development approach with the 4D model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this research only focuses on the development stage (Develop) by conducting module validation. The validation was conducted by three validators, namely educational expert lecturers and material expert lecturers. The results showed that the PBL-based teaching module to improve problem-solving skills had met the validity criteria regarding content, construct, and language. By using the mode value, a value of 4 and a validity percentage of 100% were obtained with a very valid category. Therefore, the teaching module developed is suitable for use in trials on students in the learning process to improve problem-solving skills.
LEGOBLAS (Lego Bata Plastik) Eco-friendly Solution for Plastic Waste Accumulation
Authors: Azham M A , Kurniawan A , Anjarwati A W , Suaebah E
Published: November 2023

The problem of waste generated by activities at UNESA can threaten the health of the environment and the welfare of the surrounding community. A solution is needed to overcome the waste problem in the UNESA environment. One solution that can be taken is to make paving blocks from plastic waste, or it can be called LEGOBLAS. This research aims to improve previous research and utilize plastic waste to be used more beneficially. In this study, data was collected through LEGOBLAS testing, which included testing for compressive strength, absorption, slipperiness, and heat strength. In addition, supporting data is also collected through external observation and LEGOBLAS measurements, including the length, width, height, and mass of LEGOBLAS. The method applied in this study is descriptive quantitative; the form of data presentation is in the form of numbers, which are then analyzed using the LEGOBLAS test. Making eco-friendly LEGOBLAS goes through several stages, including sorting plastic waste, melting plastic waste, and printing LEGOBLAS. Melting plastic using used cooking oil aims to prevent the chlorine content from being released into the air so that it is environmentally friendly. Compressive strength testing using a Compression Testing Machine, Slippage test using a Surface Roughness Tester, Absorbency Test by immersing LEGOBLAS in water for 10 minutes, and Heat Resistance Test by baking for 12 hours at 38°C. Action is needed to reduce this plastic waste; one way to reduce this plastic waste is by making LEGOBLAS a utilization of plastic waste.
Design and Prototype Testing of the Video Tracker Analysis-Based Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tool for Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion and Uniformly Decelerated Rectilinear Motion Experiments
Authors: Putri R T , Alhusni H Z , Lestari N A
Published: November 2023

Physics practicum activities have an important role in the learning process because they can provide convenience for students in proving theories. This research aims to develop a prototype uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aid based on a video analysis tracker in physics practicum. This study uses research and development with an ADDIE model. The research results show that when an object moves up, the object experiences slowed down, uniformly varied rectilinear motion. Meanwhile, when the object moves down, the object experiences uniformly varied rectilinear motion accelerated. The survey results show that 60% choose the option resulting from the uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids provided adequately, 73.30% agree that the developed tool is easy to operate, and 73.30% experience an increase in understanding after using the tool. Thus, the design and testing of existing prototypes have been successful. The implications of this research can be used to improve students’ understanding of concepts through practicum activities. However, this study has limitations, namely, the results of data from Tracker Video Analysis are relatively inaccurate, both in terms of the ability of students to operate it and the inability of the device to operate it. Therefore, developing this research to obtain more accurate data is suggested.