bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative polyelectrolytes/poly(ionic liquid)s for energy and the environment
Authors: Ajjan Fátima N , Ambrogi Martina , Tiruye Girum Ayalneh , Cordella Daniela , Fernandes Ana M , Grygiel Konrad , Isik Mehmet , Patil Nagaraj , Porcarelli Luca , Rocasalbas Gillem , Vendramientto Giordano , Zeglio Erica , Antonietti Markus , Detrembleur Cristophe , Inganäs Olle , Jérôme Christine , Marcilla Rebeca , Mecerreyes David , Moreno Mónica , Taton Daniel , Solin Niclas , Yuan Jiayin
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the work carried out within the European project RENAISSANCE‐ITN, which was dedicated to the development of innovative polyelectrolytes for energy and environmental applications. Within the project different types of innovative polyelectrolytes were synthesized such as poly(ionic liquid)s coming from renewable or natural ions, thiazolium cations, catechol functionalities or from a new generation of cheap deep eutectic monomers. Further, macromolecular architectures such as new poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers and new (semi)conducting polymer/polyelectrolyte complexes were also developed. As the final goal, the application of these innovative polymers in energy and the environment was investigated. Important advances in energy storage technologies included the development of new carbonaceous materials, new lignin/conducting polymer biopolymer electrodes, new iongels and single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors and batteries and new poly(ionic liquid) binders for batteries. On the other hand, the use of innovative polyelectrolytes in sustainable environmental technologies led to the development of new liquid and dry water, new materials for water cleaning technologies such as flocculants, oil absorbers, new recyclable organocatalyst platforms and new multifunctional polymer coatings with antifouling and antimicrobial properties. All in all this paper demonstrates the potential of poly(ionic liquid)s for high‐value applications in energy and enviromental areas. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparison of hospitalized children with enterovirus D68 to those with rhinovirus
Authors: Foster Charles B. , Coelho Ritika , Brown Paul M. , Wadhwa Aman , Dossul Amena , Gonzalez Blanca E. , Cardenas Silvia , Sabella Camille , Kohn Debbie , Vogel Sherilynn , Yen‐Lieberman Belinda , Piedimonte Giovanni
Published: January 2017

Background

During the Fall of 2014, numerous children were hospitalized with asthma or respiratory distress related to Enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68). A large proportion initially tested positive for rhinovirus. During this period our laboratory noted a cross‐reactivity between EV‐D68 and the rhinovirus component of the GenMark multiplex respiratory viral panel. Many other laboratories used assays not designed to distinguish these Picornoviridae.

Methods

To compare the presentation and outcomes of patients with rhinovirus and EV‐D68, 103 GenMark rhinovirus positive nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children were retested for EV‐D68.

Results

EV‐D68 positive patients versus EV‐D68 negative patients were more likely to have a history of asthma (33.3% vs. 11.0%, P = 0.02) and to present with acute respiratory illness (66.7% vs. 40.2%, P = 0.048), especially status asthmaticus (47.6% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.001). On admission they had more wheezing, respiratory distress, and lower respiratory tract involvement, and were more likely to be treated with steroids and discharged home on asthma medications. Respiratory viral coinfection was less common in EV‐D68 positive vs EV‐D68 negative patients. In patients without a respiratory viral coinfection the overall findings were similar.

Conclusion

Patients with EV‐D68 versus rhinovirus were more likely to have a history of asthma, to present with status asthmaticus, to wheeze on admission, and to receive treatment with asthma medications in hospital and at discharge. The inability of common assays to distinguish EV‐D68 from rhinoviruses raises the possibility that the role of EV‐D68 as a viral trigger of asthma has been under appreciated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:827–832. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA‐modified artificial viral capsids self‐assembled from DNA‐conjugated β‐annulus peptide
Authors: Nakamura Yoko , Yamada Saki , Nishikawa Shoko , Matsuura Kazunori
Published: January 2017

β‐Annulus peptides from tomato bushy stunt virus conjugated with DNAs (dA20 and dT20) at the C‐terminal were synthesized. The DNA‐modified β‐annulus peptides self‐assembled into artificial viral capsids with sizes of 45–160 nm. ζ‐Potential measurements revealed that the DNAs were coated on the surface of artificial viral capsids. Fluorescence assays indicated that the DNAs on the artificial viral capsids were partially hybridized with the complementary DNAs. Moreover, the DNA‐modified artificial viral capsids formed aggregates by adding complementary polynucleotides. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional confidence bands for lichen biodiversity profiles: A case study in Tuscany region (central Italy)
Authors: Di Battista Tonio , Fortuna Francesca
Published: January 2017

Biomonitoring techniques are widely used to assess environmental damages through the changes occurring in the composition of species communities. Among the living organisms used as bioindicators, epiphytic lichens, are recognized as reliable indicators of air pollution. However, lichen biodiversity studies are generally based on the analysis of a scalar measure that omits the species composition. For this reason, we propose to analyze lichen data through diversity profiles and the functional data analysis approach. Indeed, diversity profiles may be naturally considered as functional data because they are expressed as functions of the species abundance vector in a fixed domain. The peculiarity of these data is that the functional space is constituted by a set of curves belonging to the same family. In this context, simultaneous confidence bands are obtained for the mean diversity profile through the Karhunen‐Love (KL) decomposition. The novelty of our method lies in exploiting the known form of the function underlying the data. This allows us to work directly on the functional space by avoiding smoothing techniques. The confidence band procedure is applied to a real data set concerning lichen data in Tuscany region (central Italy). Confidence bands functional data analysis intrinsic diversity profile lichen data mean function KL expansion.
Effect of N‐Doped Graphene for Properties of Pt/N‐Doped Graphene Catalyst
Authors: Siburian Rikson , Sebayang Kerista , Supeno Minto , Marpaung Harlem
Published: January 2017

Nitrogen doping into graphene was carried out by heating Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) in ammonia to produce N‐doped graphene (N−G). The N−G was used as a support material for Pt catalyst as well as a catalyst itself for half‐cell cathode reaction of hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC). It is found that the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electro catalytic activity for N−G 900 (0.63 V versus RHE) is higher than GNS. It indicates that the incorporation of nitrogen in N−G may affect the ORR activities. XPS results exhibit the pyridinic N is the majority in N−G, where the pyridinic N refers to N atom bonds with two C atoms at the edges or defects of graphene. Interestingly, the Pt subnano‐clusters were formed on all of Pt/N−G catalysts with Pt particle size (0.7–1.0 nm). It clearly indicates that the doping of nitrogen significantly influence π–d hybridization in terms of electronic structures.
Rational Design of Multilayer Ultrathin Nano‐Architecture by Coupling of Soft Conducting Nanocomposite with Ferrites and Porous Structures for Screening Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Bhattacharjee Yudhajit , Panja Sujit Sankar , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: January 2017

Fabrication of multilayered thin polymer films by rational arrangement of tailor‐made nanocomposites was designed to absorb electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Mn (manganese) ferrite nanoparticles were incorporated in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, along with conductive MWCNTs, treated as outer layers of the multilayer assembly. The higher permittivity, permeability and attenuation constant ensure the higher absorption ability of these resulting outer layers. Selectively etching of one of the phases of the inner layers, which consist of immiscible blends of polycarbonate (PC) and PVDF with conductive MWCNTs, porous structure can be designed to maximize the penetration of incoming EM radiation from outer layers. Further scattering of the penetrated EM wave between the interfacial walls of conducting nano fillers inside the porous matrix enhance the shielding efficiency. The resulting ultrathin (0.60 mm) multilayered architecture was able to block >99.999 % (ca. −50dB) of the incoming EM radiation. This new‐age EM radiation absorbing material, powered by multi‐functionality henceforth, offers amendable, cost‐effective replacement to the existing solutions.
A Supramolecular Investigation on the Interactions between Ethyl terminated Bis–viologen Derivatives with Sulfonato Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Madasamy Kanagaraj , Gopi Sivalingam , Kumaran Marimuthu Senthil , Radhakrishnan Srinivasan , Velayutham David , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu , Kathiresan Murugavel
Published: January 2017

Herein, we report the synthesis and guest‐host complexation between isomeric xylylene interconnected ethyl terminated bis‐viologens (EDV) with p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4 A). Guest‐host interactions between EDV and SC4 A were monitored by CV (cyclic voltammetry), 1H and DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR titrations. CV titrations showed a partial inclusion complex formation between EDV and SC4 A which is further confirmed by 1H NMR and DOSY titrations. It is evident from 1H NMR titrations that all the three isomers of EDV forms a stable inclusion complex with SC4 A where SC4 A caps the terminal. o‐ and m‐ isomers of EDV interacts differently than their corresponding p‐isomer. 1H NMR titration reveals that o‐ and m‐xylylene units are incorporated into the SC4 A cavity whereas p‐xylylene unit is only partially included into the cavity during the interaction. Further, it is observed that the ethyl terminated viologen adopts axial orientation in concordance with previous reports. DOSY measurements further confirmed the formation of inclusion complex between the bis‐viologen and SC4 A and indicated the formation of aggregates at higher concentrations of SC4 A. Results clearly indicate that the bis‐viologens possess multiple binding sites for the multivalent SC4 A host and based on the concentration of SC4 A, several types of interactions exists between the two predicting a complex binding model.
Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for Reduction of Various Nitro Compounds
Authors: Bhosale Manohar A. , Chenna Divya R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: January 2017

A simple, one step and economical protocol for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been developed via ultrasound probe sonicator with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as reducing agent as well as capping agent. Notably there is no need of additional surfactant or stabilizer for the synthesis of Au NPs. Size of the particles was controlled by varying the irradiation intervals of sonication. Spherical nanoparticles with uniform particle size ranging from 15–40 nm were achieved within short reaction time. The surface morphology, phase identification and chemical composition of the prepared Au NPs were characterized by Field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalytic activity of the prepared gold catalyst was tested for the degradation of aromatic nitro compounds at room temperature. All the reactions were monitored using UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Comprehensive UV‐Vis data for all the reduction reactions has been presented.
Alkyne Tagged Raman Probes for Protein by Chemical Modification Approach
Authors: Ota Chikashi , Furukawa Takahiro , Shima Kanako , Sano Satoshi , Kuramochi Kouji , Tsubaki Kazunori , Noguchi Shintaro , Takano Kazufumi
Published: January 2017

Alkyne probe is one of the useful chemical Raman probes for life science since it has an intense band in a Raman silent region of biomolecules (1800‐2800 cm−1) and has a small bulkiness which will not affect the property of the attached molecule. In this paper, we developed the chemical modification method to attach alkyne tagged probe to lysine residues using nucleophilic substitution reaction. We investigated the solvent effect to assess the capability of this newly developed molecular system for the environment sensitive probe. The result of the solvent effect showed that the position of the alkyne band was sensitive to the solvent environment, which indicated the potential to probe the local hydrophobic or hydrophilic environment. In addition, we employed the aromatic substituent effect with the aim of increasing the intensity of alkyne band introducing phenyl groups beside alkyne and succeeded in increasing the intensity of alkyne band over 40 times apparently. On the basis of the property of the attached probe, we worked out the future synthesis strategy to expand this chemical modification to wider applications such as in the cell environment.
A Oxidative Bromination of (Hetero)Arenes in the TMSBr/DMSO System: A Non‐Aqueous Procedure Facilitates Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Kajita Harutake , Togni Antonio
Published: January 2017

An oxidative bromination protocol for aromatic compounds using trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) and DMSO has been developed. This mild bromination system tolerates a wide variety of functionalities including amide, aldehyde, ester and acetal groups. Arylbromides and heteroarylbromides are produced in up to 95 % yield at 25 °C. Arenes bearing electron‐donating groups are selectively brominated at the para position unless it is blocked. The highlight of this protocol consists in its non‐aqueous conditions, which are fruitful particularly in the context of integrated synthetic systems. The utility of this method was demonstrated with three examples, in either of which the bromination was followed by another reaction: a “click” triazole formation, a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, or an aldehyde formation via lithium–bromine exchange, without the isolation of the bromide intermediate in any case. It is particularly remarkable for this non‐aqueous protocol to allow lithiation reactions to sequentially follow the bromination.
An Improved Synthesis of Lamivudine and Emtricitabine
Authors: Mandala Devender , Watts Paul
Published: January 2017

An improved method was developed to prepare cis(‐)nucleosides, such as lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). A solvent free reaction and catalyst free reaction was developed, with reduced reaction times to afford high yields in the preparation of the key 5‐hydroxy oxathiolane intermediate. For the acetylation, we developed a greener procedure using NaHCO3 as the base instead of pyridine. In addition, a new reagent namely pyridinium triflate, was used for the crucial N‐glycosidation reaction for the first time towards the synthesis of bioactive oxathiolane nucleosides 3TC and FTC.
Core–Shell Structure and Interaction Mechanism of γ‐MnO2 Coated Sulfur for Improved Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ni Lubin , Wu Zhen , Zhao Gangjin , Sun Chunyu , Zhou Chuanqiang , Gong XiangXiang , Diao Guowang
Published: January 2017

Lithium‐sulfur batteries have attracted worldwide interest due to their high theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh g−1 and low cost. However, the practical applications are hampered by capacity decay, mainly attributed to the polysulfide shuttle. Here, the authors have fabricated a solid core–shell γ‐MnO2‐coated sulfur nanocomposite through the redox reaction between KMnO4 and MnSO4. The multifunctional MnO2 shell facilitates electron and Li+ transport as well as efficiently prevents polysulfide dissolution via physical confinement and chemical interaction. Moreover, the γ‐MnO2 crystallographic form also provides one‐dimensional (1D) tunnels for the Li+ incorporation to alleviate insoluble Li2S2/Li2S deposition at high discharge rate. More importantly, the MnO2 phase transformation to Mn3O4 occurs during the redox reaction between polysulfides and γ‐MnO2 is first thoroughly investigated. The S@γ‐MnO2 composite exhibits a good capacity retention of 82% after 300 cycles (0.5 C) and a fade rate of 0.07% per cycle over 600 cycles (1 C). The degradation mechanism can probably be elucidated that the decomposition of the surface Mn3O4 phase is the cause of polysulfide dissolution. The recent work thus sheds new light on the hitherto unknown surface interaction mechanism and the degradation mechanism of Li‐S cells.
Induced Aggregation of AIE‐Active Mono‐Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complex into Supramolecular Branched Wires for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Maji Subrata , Alam Parvej , Kumar Gundam Sandeep , Biswas Sandip , Sarkar Piyush Kanti , Das Bidisa , Rehman Ishita , Das Benu Brata , Jana Nikhil Ranjan , Laskar Inamur Rahaman , Acharya Somobrata
Published: January 2017

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is commonly observed in irregular bulk form. Herein, unique aggregation properties of an AIE‐active complex into branched supramolecular wires are reported for the first time. Mono‐cyclometalated Ir(III) complex shows in‐plane J‐aggregation at the air–water interface owing to the restriction of intramolecular vibration of bidentate phenylpyridinato and intramolecular rotations of monodentate triphenylphosphine ligands at air–water interface. As a consequence, a large enhancement of luminescence comparable to the solid state is obtained from the monolayers of supramolecular wires. This unique feature is utilized for the fabrication of light‐emitting diodes with low threshold voltage using supramolecular wires as active layer. This study opens up the need of ordered assembly of AIE complexes to achieve optimal luminescence characteristics.
Proposed clinical management of pregnancies after combined screening for pre‐eclampsia at 19–24 weeks' gestation
Authors: Litwinska M. , Wright D. , Efeturk T. , Ceccacci I. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To estimate the patient‐specific risk of pre‐eclampsia (PE) at 19–24 weeks' gestation by a combination of maternal characteristics and medical history with multiples of the median (MoM) values of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), and stratify women into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk management groups.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study in women attending a second‐trimester ultrasound scan at 19–24 weeks as part of routine pregnancy care. Patient‐specific risks of delivery with PE < 32 weeks and < 36 weeks' gestation were calculated using the competing‐risks model to combine the prior risk from maternal characteristics and medical history with MoM values of MAP, UtA‐PI, PlGF and sFlt‐1. On the basis of these risks, the population was stratified into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk groups. Different risk cut‐offs were used to vary the proportion of the population stratified into each risk category and the performance of screening for delivery with PE at < 32 weeks' gestation, at 32–35 weeks and at ≥ 36 weeks was estimated. In addition to empirical performance, we also derived model‐based performance because the number of cases of PE delivering < 32 weeks was low.

Results

The study population of 7748 singleton pregnancies included 268 (3.5%) that subsequently developed PE. Using a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100 for PE delivering < 32 weeks' gestation and a risk cut‐off of 1 in 300 for PE delivering < 36 weeks, the proportion of the population stratified into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk was 0.9%, 17.2% and 81.9%, respectively. The high‐risk group contained 97% of pregnancies with PE < 32 weeks and 45% of those with PE at 32–35 weeks. The intermediate‐risk group contained a further 46% of women with PE at 32–35 weeks. The low‐risk group contained only 0.03% of pregnancies with PE < 32 weeks and 9% of those with PE at 32–35 weeks.

Conclusion

Risk stratification of PE by the combined test at 19–24 weeks' gestation can identify, first, a group which constitutes < 1% of the total population and contains > 95% of those that will develop PE < 32 weeks and are in need of intensive monitoring at 24–31 weeks and, second, a group which constitutes < 20% of the total and contains > 90% of those that will develop PE at 32–35 weeks and are in need of reassessment at 32 weeks. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cut‐off value of nuchal translucency as indication for chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Maya I. , Yacobson S. , Kahana S. , Yeshaya J. , Tenne T. , Agmon‐Fishman I. , Cohen‐Vig L. , Shohat M. , Basel‐Vanagaite L. , Sharony R.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

An association between isolated, increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and pathogenic findings on chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has been reported. A recent meta‐analysis reported that most studies use a NT cut‐off value of 3.5 mm. However, considering NT distribution and the commonly accepted 5% false‐positive rate in maternal serum screening, NT cut‐off levels should be reconsidered. The aim of this study was to assess different NT cut‐off levels as indication for CMA and to determine whether CMA should be recommended for mildly increased NT of 3.0–3.4 mm.

Methods

This was a retrospective, multicenter study of singleton pregnancies with CMA results and either normal NT and no other finding or with increased NT as the only medical indication for CMA at the time of an invasive procedure (increased NT was considered an isolated finding in cases of advanced maternal age). Women with normal fetal NT who underwent CMA did so at their own request. A single laboratory performed all genetic analyses. Comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis or single nucleotide polymorphism array technology was used for CMA. If combined first‐trimester screening (NT and biochemistry) indicated increased risk for common aneuploidies, the case was excluded. NT was used to divide cases into three groups (≤ 2.9 mm, 3.0–3.4 mm and ≥ 3.5 mm) and their CMA results were compared.

Results

CMA results were recorded in 1588 pregnancies, among which 770 fetuses had either normal NT with no other finding or isolated increased NT. Of these, 462 had NT ≤ 2.9 mm, 170 had NT of 3.0–3.4 mm and 138 had NT ≥ 3.5 mm. Pathogenic copy number variants were found in 1.7%, 6.5% and 13.8% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that CMA should be recommended when fetuses have isolated, mildly increased NT (3.0–3.4 mm). Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fetal megacystis: prediction of spontaneous resolution and outcome
Authors: Fontanella F. , Duin L. , Adama van Scheltema P. N. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Pajkrt E. , Bekker M. , Willekes C. , Bax C. J. , Bilardo C. M.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To investigate the natural history of fetal megacystis from diagnosis in utero to postnatal outcome, and to identify prognostic indicators of spontaneous resolution and postnatal outcome after resolution.

Methods

This was a national retrospective cohort study. Fetal megacystis was defined in the first trimester as a longitudinal bladder diameter (LBD) ≥ 7 mm, and in the second and third trimesters as an enlarged bladder failing to empty during the entire extended ultrasound examination. LBD and gestational age (GA) at resolution were investigated with respect to likelihood of resolution and postnatal outcome, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated.

Results

In total, 284 cases of fetal megacystis (93 early megacystis, identified before the 18th week, and 191 late megacystis, identified at or after the 18th week) were available for analysis. Spontaneous resolution occurred before birth in 58 (20%) cases. In cases with early megacystis, LBD was predictive of the likelihood of spontaneous resolution (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.84), and, in the whole population, GA at regression was predictive of postnatal outcome, with an optimal cut‐off at 23 weeks (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 82%; AUC, 0.91). In the group with early megacystis, the outcome was invariably good when resolution occurred before the 23rd week of gestation, whereas urological sequelae requiring postnatal surgery were diagnosed in 3/8 (38%) cases with resolution after 23 weeks. In the group with late megacystis, spontaneous resolution was associated with urological complications after birth, ranging from mild postnatal hydronephrosis in infants with resolution before 23 weeks, to more severe urological anomalies requiring postnatal surgery in those with resolution later in pregnancy. This supports the hypothesis that an early resolution of megacystis is often related to a paraphysiological bladder enlargement that resolves early in pregnancy without consequences, while antenatal resolution occurring later in pregnancy (after the 23rd week of gestation) should suggest a pathological condition with urological sequelae.

Conclusions

In fetal megacystis, LBD and GA at regression can be used as predictors of resolution and outcome, respectively. These parameters could help in fine‐tuning the prognosis and optimizing the frequency of follow‐up scans. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Enteral Diet Enriched with ω‐3 Fatty Acid Improves Oxygenation After Thoracic Esophagectomy for Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matsuda Yasunori , Habu Daiki , Lee Sigeru , Kishida Satoru , Osugi Harushi
Published: January 2017

Background

Although the anti‐inflammatory effects of immunomodulating diets (IMDs) have recently attracted attention, the efficacy of enteral feeding of such diets after radical surgery remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a new prospective, randomized controlled study to elucidate any beneficial effect of an IMD containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) in patients undergoing radical esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer.

Methods

From November 2009 to July 2011, 87 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either an IMD enriched with EPA, GLA, and antioxidants (n = 42) or a standard isocaloric, isonitrogenous diet (control group, n = 45) after esophagectomy with radical lymphadenectomy. The primary outcome measure was changes in the oxygenation status (PaO2/FIO2 ratio), and the secondary outcome measures were body composition, inflammation‐related factors, coagulation markers, cholesterol concentrations, and major clinical outcomes.

Results

Oxygenation was significantly better on postoperative days (PODs) 4, 6, and 8 in the IMD than control group (366.5 ± 63.3 vs. 317.3 ± 58.8, P = 0.001; 361.5 ± 52.6 vs. 314.0 ± 53.2, P < 0.001; 365.4 ± 71.2 vs. 315.2 ± 56.9, P = 0.001, respectively). Changes in the ratio of body weight on PODs 14 and 21 and lean body weight on POD 21 were significantly greater in the IMD than control group. No significant differences were observed in other measures.

Conclusions

An enteral IMD enriched with EPA and GLA improved oxygenation and maintained the body composition of patients undergoing radical esophagectomy, indicating the potential efficacy of such a diet after esophagectomy.
Limited Value of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in Routine Screening of Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Albers Max B. , Librizzi Damiano , Lopez Caroline L. , Manoharan Jerena , Apitzsch Jonas C. , Slater Emily P. , Bollmann Carmen , Kann Peter H. , Bartsch Detlef K.
Published: January 2017

Background

Routine screening is recommended for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) to enable early detection and treatment of associated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Gallium68‐DOTATOC‐Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT) is a very sensitive and specific imaging technique for the detection of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors. The present study evaluated the value of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in routine screening of patients with MEN1.

Methods

Between January 2014 and March 2016, all MEN1 patients underwent Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in addition to conventional imaging (computed tomography of the thorax, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pituitary, endoscopic ultrasonography). The diagnostic yield of conventional imaging and Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT was prospectively documented and compared, and treatment changes caused by the addition of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT were recorded.

Results

Conventional imaging detected 145 NENs, mainly pancreaticoduodenal NENs (n = 117, 81%), in 31 of 33 MEN1 patients. Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT detected 55 NENs in 23 of the 33 patients (p = 0.0001). Ninety (62%) NENs detected by conventional imaging were missed by DOTATOC‐PET‐CT. The majority of missed lesions were pNEN (n = 68; 74%). The sensitivity of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT for NENs <5, 5–9, 10–19 and ≥20 mm was 0, 29, 81 and 100%, respectively. However, Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT detected more liver and lymph node metastases in patients with known metastatic disease, which did not lead to a change of patients’ management. In one patient (3%), Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT was the only imaging modality that detected a small intestine NEN and led to potentially curative surgery.

Conclusion

Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT cannot be recommended for routine screening of MEN1 patients. It might provide important additional information in patients with suspected or known metastatic disease.
“It was an Emotional Baby”: Previvors’ Family Planning Decision‐Making Styles about Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Dean Marleah , Rauscher Emily A.
Published: January 2017

Women who test positive for a BRCA genetic mutation are at an increased risk for developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and have a 50% chance of passing on their genetic mutation to their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate how women who test positive for a BRCA mutation but have not been diagnosed with cancer make decisions regarding family planning. Analysis of interviews with 20 women revealed they engage in logical and emotional decision‐making styles. Although women want to be logical to reduce their hereditary cancer risk, emotions often complicate their decision‐making. Women experience fear and worry about a future cancer diagnosis, yet also desire to create a family, particularly having children through natural conception. That is, women negotiate having preventative surgeries in a logical doctor‐recommended timeframe but also organize those decisions around emotional desires of motherhood. Overall, this study demonstrates the complex decisions women who test positive for a BRCA mutation must make in regards to genetic testing timing, family planning, and overall quality of life.
Behavioural Effects of Nonconscious Mimicry and Social Intentions
Authors: Wong Sabrina Pei-Han , Hartley Nicole , Tombs Alastair
Published: January 2017

Nonconscious mimicry is a salient behaviour in many social interactions, such as the imitation of accent over the phone or the tendency to return a smile from another smiling person. However, existing research has yet to consider the importance of individuals’ social intentions when entering into a social interaction in a customer service setting. This paper extends current managerial leadership theory into the novel setting of nonconscious mimicry to explain the critical role of social intentions in relationship building in customer service encounters. This research consists of a 3 × 2 between-subjects factorial design to evaluate the hypothesised relationships between nonconscious mimicry, social intentions, and product choice behaviour. The findings indicate that social intentions play a critical role influencing the relationship between nonconscious mimicry and product consumption, purchase intentions, and product liking in service encounters. Further, it is suggested that individuals identified as task-oriented should not be behaviourally imitated, as this will not positively increase product liking, purchase intentions, or product consumption. Instead, consumers should be primed to be relationship-oriented prior to nonconscious mimicry.
The Age and Context of the KC4 Maxilla, Kent's Cavern, UK
Authors: Proctor Chris , Douka Katerina , Proctor Janet W. , Higham Tom
Published: January 2017

Kent's Cavern is one of Britain's most important Palaeolithic sites. The Torquay Natural History Society excavations in the Vestibule (1926–1928 and 1932–1938) yielded Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic deposits as well as a fragment of human jaw (KC4). Higham et al. (2011) recently identified it as the oldest modern human fossil known from North West Europe, with a date estimated, using Bayesian modelling, at 44,200–41,500 cal bp (at 95.4% probability). However, White and Pettitt (2012) and Zilhão (2013) have claimed that the poor quality of the excavations and lack of stratigraphic integrity cast doubt on the archaeological and dating evidence from the site. Here, we present a thorough re-analysis of the excavations and show that they were in fact conducted to a reasonable standard. We also carefully examine the stratigraphic and sedimentological sequence and present twelve new AMS determinations from key contexts to test the previous model and chronology. We find that, while Trench C has good stratigraphic integrity, there is some evidence of post-depositional disruption of certain parts; some post-depositional movement is also shown by a limited number of artefact refits. There are two outlying AMS determinations dating to c. 32,000 bp. We therefore cannot exclude completely the possibility that the maxilla's age could be younger than the published probability distribution function (PDF). Our analysis lends support to the assessment by Higham et al. (2011) of the site and KC4 and shows that it offers considerable potential for future study.
The Story of a Forgotten Kingdom? Survey Archaeology and the Historical Geography of Central Western Anatolia in the Second Millenniumbc
Authors: Roosevelt Christopher H. , Luke Christina
Published: January 2017

This article presents previously unknown archaeological evidence of a mid-second-millenniumbckingdom located in central western Anatolia. Discovered during the work of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey in the Marmara Lake basin of the Gediz Valley in western Turkey, the material evidence appears to correlate well with text-based reconstructions of Late Bronze Age historical geography drawn from Hittite archives. One site in particular—Kaymakçı—stands out as a regional capital and the results of the systematic archaeological survey allow for an understanding of local settlement patterns, moving beyond traditional correlations between historical geography and capital sites alone. Comparison with contemporary sites in central western Anatolia, furthermore, identifies material commonalities in site forms that may indicate a regional architectural tradition if not just influence from Hittite hegemony.
Ceramics and Coastal Communities in Medieval (Twelfth–Fourteenth Century) Europe: Negotiating Identity in England's Channel Ports
Authors: Jervis Ben
Published: January 2017

Using the example of pottery imported into the Channel ports of southern England, an approach to examining the role of pottery in the emergence and mediation of coastal communities is proposed here. Building on recent scholarship, it is argued that it is no longer tenable to see pottery as a carrier of identity, or as part of a ‘cultural package’, with meaning emerging with identity as people interact with pottery within and without port environments. The study proposes that imported pottery found meaning in different ways, depending on the context of acquisition and use. Hence it mediated different forms of community and identity. The article ends with a consideration of the wider implications of this approach for ongoing studies of material culture, trade, and urban identities in medieval Europe.
Aging Well: Treherne's ‘Warrior's Beauty’ Two Decades Later
Authors: Frieman Catherine J. , Brück Joanna , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina , Bergerbrant Sophie , Montón Subías Sandra , Sofaer Joanna , Knüsel Christopher J. , Vandkilde Helle , Giles Melanie , Treherne Paul
Published: January 2017

Over the (slightly more than) two decades that theEuropean Journal of Archaeology(formerly theJournal of European Archaeology) has been in print, we have published a number of excellent and high profile articles. Among these, Paul Treherne's seminal meditation on Bronze Age male identity and warriorhood stands out as both the highest cited and the most regularly downloaded paper in our archive. Speaking informally with friends and colleagues who work on Bronze Age topics as diverse as ceramics, metalwork, landscape phenomenology, and settlement structure, I found that this paper holds a special place in their hearts. Certainly, it is a staple of seminar reading lists and, in my experience at least, is prone to provoke heated discussions among students on topics as far ranging as gender identity in the past and present, theoretically informed methods for material culture studies, and the validity of using Classical texts for understanding prehistoric worlds. Moreover, in its themes of violence, embodiment, materiality, and the fluidity or ephemeral nature of gendered identities, it remains a crucial foundational text for major debates raging in European prehistoric archaeology in the present day.
Hunting Warriors: The Transformation of Weapons, Combat Practices and Society during the Bronze Age in Ireland
Authors: Molloy Barry P.C.
Published: January 2017

Warfare is increasingly considered to have been a major field of social activity in prehistoric societies, in terms of the infrastructures supporting its conduct, the effects of its occurrence, and its role in symbolic systems. In the Bronze Age many of the weapon forms that were to dominate battlefields for millennia to come were first invented—shields and swords in particular. Using the case study of Ireland, developments in Bronze Age warfare are traced from the Early to the Late Bronze Age. It is argued that during this period there was a move from warfare that made use of projectiles and impact weapons to warfare that used both defensive and cutting weapons. This formed the basis for a fundamental reorganization in combat systems. This in turn stimulated change in the social organization of warfare, including investment in material and training resources for warriors and the development of new bodily techniques reflecting fundamental changes in martial art traditions. Metalwork analysis of bronze weapons and experimental archaeology using replicas of these are used to support this position. The article explores how developments in fighting techniques transformed the sociality of violence and peer-relations among warriors and proposes that these warriors be regarded as a category of craft specialist exerting significant social influence by the Late Bronze Age.
VOTE BUYING IN INDONESIA: CANDIDATE STRATEGIES, MARKET LOGIC AND EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Aspinall Edward , Rohman Noor , Hamdi Ahmad Zainul , Rubaidi  , Triantini Zusiana Elly
Published: January 2017

What underlying logic explains candidate participation in vote buying, given that clientelist exchange is so difficult to enforce? We address this question through close analysis of campaigns by several dozen candidates in two electoral districts in Java, Indonesia. Analyzing candidates’ targeting and pricing strategies, we show that candidates used personal brokerage structures that drew on social networks to identify voters and deliver payments to them. But these candidates achieved vote totals averaging about one quarter of the number of payments they distributed. Many candidates claimed to be targeting loyalists, suggestive of “turnout buying,” but judged loyalty in personal rather than partisan terms, and extended their vote-buying reach through personal connections mediated by brokers. Candidates were market sensitive, paying prices per vote determined not only by personal resources, but also by constituency size and prices offered by competitors. Accordingly, we argue that a market logic structures Indonesia's system of vote buying.
Agent and stewardship behavior: How do they differ?
Authors: Martin John A. , Butler Frank C.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study is examine how agency theory and stewardship theory lead to different firm-level outcomes on an array of different outcomes. Based on these differences, we argue for the development of an agent–steward measurement scale, which will help researchers classify chief executive officers (CEOs) along an agent–steward continuum. This, in turn, will spur research to predict and test CEO behaviors and firm-level outcomes. Agency theory suggests CEOs take advantage of their powerful positions to maximize their personal economic utility, whereas stewardship theory suggests CEOs are motivated through intrinsic awards and will balance their interests with those of other stakeholders. We use these theories to examine possible differences in CEO behaviors. This is important because different CEO behaviors might lead to differing impacts on important firm-level outcomes. This paper reviews the relevant agency and stewardship literatures, then offers propositions regarding CEO behaviors from agent and steward perspectives.
Vigilance and Confidence: Jeremy Bentham, Publicity, and the Dialectic of Political Trust and Distrust
Authors: BRUNO JONATHAN R.
Published: January 2017

Distrust of public authorities is a mainstay of democratic politics. In recent decades, however, concern with surging civic suspicion has led political scientists to emphasize the value of trust for good government. This article advances a novel reading of Jeremy Bentham's political theory to shed light on the promise and perils of these two dispositions. Trust and distrust go together, in Bentham's account. In making this case, I reexamine Bentham's reflections on publicity, and distinguish between two perspectives implicit in his theory—the perspective of institutional design, and the perspective of popular oversight. This distinction brings clarity to Bentham's surprising recommendation: sober distrust toward public authorities generally, together with particularized trust in those (and only those) institutions or officials who prove themselves worthy of it.
CROWN OF SNAKES: EURIPIDES, BACCHAE 101-2
Authors: Lane Nicholas
Published: January 2017

ἔτεκεν δ᾽, ἁνίκα Μοῖραιτέλεϲαν, ταυρόκερων θεὸν   100ϲτεφάνωϲέν τε δρακόντωνϲτεφάνοιϲ, ἔνθεν ἄγραν θηρότροφον μαι-νάδεϲ ἀμφιβάλλονται πλοκάμοιϲ.

102-3 θηρότροφον praeeunte Musgrave (-τρόφον) Allen : -τρόφοι ‹L›P

The subject of ἔτεκεν (99) and ϲτεφάνωϲεν (101) is Zeus (95). If the text is right, Zeus gave birth to Dionysus, and Zeus then crowned him with snakes. This note argues that the text is corrupt because (i) vase painting shows Dionysus born already crowned, and (ii) the notion that Zeus should crown anyone is quite exceptional. I conclude that in 101 Euripides probably wrote ϲτεφανωθέντα, not ϲτεφάνωϲέν τε.
GOING BEYOND MULTITEXTS: THE ARCHETYPE OF THE ORPHIC GOLD LEAVES
Authors: Janko Richard
Published: January 2017

In his magisterial work Persephone, Zuntz drew a basic distinction between two sets of Orphic gold leaves—those known from the elaborate tumuli at Thurii, which he called Group A, and a more widely scattered series, Group B, then represented by two longer texts from Petelia in southern Italy and Pharsalus in Thessaly, and, in a shortened form, by a series of six (now seven) short texts from the environs of Eleutherna in Crete (his Group C). Three further finds have reinforced Zuntz's distinctions: first, a tablet from Hipponium, the colony of Epizephyrian Locri in southern Italy, published by Foti and Pugliese Carratelli, then a lamella said to be from Thessaly but now in Malibu and published by Breslin, and finally a tablet said to be from Entella in Sicily and recently in Geneva, which was published in a bad transcription by Frel and much clarified by Riedweg. The first and third belong to Zuntz's Group B, while the second is close to his Group C. Pugliese Carratelli has published an exceptionally fine set of photographs of all the texts except those from Petelia and Entella. My restudy of the leaf from Petelia has led to some improved readings. Not even a drawing exists of the Entellan leaf, which no scholar except its first editor has ever seen. This fact prompted a reviewer of this article to wonder about its authenticity. In the absence of the object itself, such doubts can only be allayed if its text consistently contributes to improving our understanding of the archetype from which it is derived. One of the aims of this article is to show that it does indeed do so.
REASSESSING THE APULEIAN CORPUS: A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO AUTHENTICITY
Authors: Stover Justin , Kestemont Mike
Published: January 2017

The renaissance of Apuleian studies of the past few decades shows no signs of abating.1The summer of 2014 may well be the highest watermark yet recorded in the tide of interest in Apuleius: June and July alone saw the release of two monographs, one each from Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, and one edited conference volume, from Routledge.2The clearest sign that the sophist of Madauros has come into his own is his admission into the exclusive club of the Oxford Classical Texts: the first volume of his complete works containing theMetamorphosesedited by Maaike Zimmerman came out in 2012. One of the most salutary effects of this renewed interest has been the reappraisal of the ‘whole Apuleius’: Apuleius has more to offer than just theMetamorphoses, and recent scholarship on therhetoricaand thephilosophicahave shown not only how theseopera minoracan help us understand theopus maius, but also how they are important and interesting documents in their own right.3
HUMAN AUTONOMY AND ITS LIMITS IN THE THOUGHT OF ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA
Authors: Gibbons Kathleen
Published: January 2017

As the church historian Henri Crouzel observed, questions about the nature of human autonomy were central to the thought of the third-century theologian Origen of Alexandria. On this question, his influence on later generations, though complicated, would be difficult to overstate. Yet, what exactly Origen thought autonomy required has been a subject of debate. On one widespread reading, he has been taken to argue that autonomy requires that human beings have the capacity to act otherwise than they do in fact act; that is, that alternative possibilities of action are causally available to them. As Susanne Bobzien has argued, however, there is good reason to think that the view that such alternative possibilities are required for the ascription of autonomy did not explicitly emerge until Alexander of Aphrodisias, a rough contemporary of Origen's of whose thought he was likely unaware. In revisiting Origen on the notion of ‘free will’, Michael Frede, against the ‘alternative possibilities’ reading, argued that his theory of the will was largely attributable to Stoicism, and in particular to Epictetus’ theory of will as προαίρεσις. George Boys-Stones, for his part, has claimed that, while Origen's theory of the descent of the pre-existent minds is aimed at providing an account of how human beings are entirely responsible for their characters, in the embodied state we find no evidence that he understood human choice subsequent to the fall to depend upon the existence of alternative possibilities in order to be autonomous.