bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Local Concrete Crack on the Prestressed Steel Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Sun Qi Lei , Liu Ze Rui , Liu Chu Qiao
Published: June 2014

The impact of local concrete crack on the prestressed steel stress corrosion sensitivity is studied with the SSRT, SEM and other methods. The result shows that, the local concrete crack will increase the prestressed steel stress corrosion sensitivity. The formation of stress corrosion microcracks on the metal surface below the crevice is based on two mechanisms: one is the pitting corrosion nucleation mechanism caused due to Cl-, and the other is the non-pitting corrosion nucleation mechanism caused due to the film rupture. Once the initial stress corrosion microcrack is formed on the metal surface in the crevice, the interior of microcrack will be in the anodic polarization state due to the effect of the electric field of anodic polarization in the crevice, the metal in the crack will continue to be corroded, and the crack will expand. Moreover, due to the anodic dissolution reaction in the crack, the Fe (OH)3 and Fe2O3 films will be formed on the side wall of the crack, and if the nonmetallic slag inclusions and other defects exist on the side wall of the crack, the origin of secondary crack will be formed here, and the intergranular secondary stress corrosion microcrack will be produced.
Industrial Application of Pb–Ag–Ca Anode with Surface Passivation for Zinc Electrowinning
Authors: Huang Jian , Ding Yuan Fa , Su Xiang Dong , Li Yong , Xiong Yong Sheng , Long Dang Sheng , Wu Ze Hong
Published: June 2014

The Pb–Ag–Ca alloy anode with surface passivation was applied in industrial production of zinc electrowinning. The application situation was investigated by detection and tracking more than 3 months. The results were analyzed by comparison with the data acquired from the production using the reference anodes without surface treatment. The results showed that using the anode with surface passivation can increase zinc yield, reduce Pb content in zinc product, prolong the anode life by improving the corrosion resistance, and then reduce the production costs.
The Micro-Fabrication of Multidimensional Structure of Silicon by Selection Corrosion
Authors: Gao Jian Jun , Zhao Zhi Long , Liu Rui Rui , Wang Wen Jia , Tang Ming
Published: June 2014

Multibranched silicon microstructure, such as branched root-like microwires and branched coralline-like micorwires, have been rationally synthesized via a simple one-step, inexpensive, and catalyst-free fabrication technique. The multiple-branched root-like silicon microwires which obtained at 0.07% Sr addition of Al-Si alloys have lengths of several tens of micrometers and its transverse sizes range from 300 to 500 nm, while the transverse sizes of multiple-branched coralline-like silicon microwires are much smaller. The recommend of patterning process of multiple-branched silicon microwires show that selective corrosion of Sr modified Al-Si alloys is that the aluminum is wiped out while the silicon micorwires as a hidden microstructure revealed by etching.
Ballistic Resistance of AA5083-H116 Aluminum Plates against Conical-Nose Steel Projectiles Impact
Authors: Sun Wei Hai , Ju Gui Ling , Yang Ban Quan , Wang Li Jun , Pan Jing Wen
Published: June 2014

This paper evaluates the ballistic resistance of AA5083-H116 aluminum plates against conical-nose steel projectiles impact using Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) finite element methods. The target material was modeled with the Johnson-Cook constitutive relation using 2D axisymmetric elements with ALE rezoning. Impact vs. residual velocity curves were constructed and the ballistic limit velocity was determined. It is found that the ballistic limits increase almost linearly with increasing plate thicknesses. The numerical results have been compared to available experimental results, and good agreement was in general obtained. The study shows that the ALE formulation works well for large deformation in ballistic penetration.
The Damage Analysis of Composite Laminate under the Action of Low Speed Impact and Static Pressure Mark
Authors: Ou Ren Xia , Chen Hong Bin , Bao Jie , Wu Jie
Published: June 2014

Based on energy balance equation, the relationship between the biggest impact contact force with the pit depth in the process of impact was derived by the relationship between impact energy and indentation depth, T700S/5228 and T300/5222, two different toughness of carbon/epoxy resin composite material, are chose. The corresponding relationship between impact energy (static pressure mark force) and indentation depth was got by the contrast analysis on the low speed impact test and the static pressure mark test, and showed the similar trend with static pressure mark test of static force and indentation depth relationship. This similar trend that obvious turning points were appeared in some indentation depth showed the effectiveness that using the quasi static method to simulate the low-velocity impact of composite laminate to a certain extent.
Thermal Simulation Study of CGHAZ Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Huo Xiang Dong , Dong Feng , Li Lie Jun
Published: June 2014

The effect of peak temperature on austenite grain size was investigated by using thermal simulation and OM, TEM analysis. Grains grow slowly below 1250°C, and dramatically grow up as the temperature exceeds 1350°C. The primary precipitates in X80 pipeline steel are TiN and NbC, TiN particles cannot absolutely dissolve in steel during holding for 2s at 1300°C.Although TiN particles exist in steel, they cannot hinder grain growth of CGHAZ during welding process. The phenomenon can be explained by Ostwald Ripening mechanism.
Constitutive Modeling for Superplastic Flow Behavior of H62 Alloy
Authors: Guan Zhi Ping , Jia Hong Jie , Ren Ming Wen , Wei Dong Lai
Published: June 2014

In order to precisely describe superplastic flow behavior of H62 alloy, a empirical constitutive equation was established based on the experimental data, which were obtained from the constant strain rate tensions (2.0×10-4~4.0×10-2s-1) at 720 °C. Through verification of the constitutive equation with the experimental data in constant strain rate tensions and constant velocity tensions, it was indicated that the empirical constitutive equation has high accuracy and comprehensive reliability in a wide range of strain rates (2.0×10-4~2.0×10-2s-1) and strains (0~1.8). In addition, the empirical constitutive equation has a good ability to model the superplastic flow behavior of H62 alloy at 720 °C under other deformation conditions besides constant strain rate tension.
The Fatigue Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite T300/Epoxy under Tension-Tension and Bending Fatigue Loading
Authors: Feng Yan Peng , Tang Hai Jun , Li Chun Guang , Ma Xiao Ming , Xie Ming Li
Published: June 2014

The main objective of this work is to compare the different fracture behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced composite T300/epoxy with cross-play composite laminate. Tension-tension and three points bending fatigue are adopted, with optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation of the specimen fracture surfaces. The specific objectives are: a) for tension-tension fatigue loading, the onset and multiplication of transverse matrix cracks continuously improve the delamination. Consequently, fibers rupture occurs in this locally region with high density of cracks. b) The density of intralaminar cracks increases with number of fatigue cycles. c) During the shear stress distribution under three points bending fatigue, delamination which is the main characteristic of T300/epoxy, initiates from the central and propagates alone the neutral axis of the sample. And a small quantity of fiber breakage occurs in the maximal compress region.
Regularity of Decreasing Strength Limit at the Time of Concrete's Freeze-Thaw Cycling
Authors: Pertseva Olga , Nikolskiy Sergey
Published: June 2014

Main purpose of research is establishing correlation of decreasing strength limit at the time of concretes thermo cycling. Research is based on invented in 2008 Method for definition of concretes frost resistance. This method is concerning to estimation of concrete's deformation after saturating of concrete sample by water, its freezing to standard temperature and defrosting. It has small labor input and high operability. During research, the theoretical analysis of results of experiment by the offered Method was carried out. Correlation between decreasing strength limit and unit strain of concrete samples was establish.
Nonlinear Model and Numerical Solutions of Large Deformation of Functionally Graded Conical Shell
Authors: Zhang Jing Hua , Chen Shuai
Published: June 2014

Geometrically nonlinear model and numerical solutions of large deformation of imperfect functionally graded materials conical shell subjected to both mechanical load and transversely non-uniform temperature rise are given. The material properties of functionally graded shell are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. On the basis of geometrically nonlinear theory of shell, governing equations of the axi-symmetrical deformation are derived. Numerical solutions are obtained by using a shooting method.
Mechanical Response of Ping-Pong Racket to Different Hyperelastic Surface Materials
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Gen Yan
Published: June 2014

Synthetic rubber serving as the surface material of the ping-pong racket has good elasticity and anti-friction. Material parameters such as the hyperelastic constitutive model of the synthetic rubber are some of the critical parameters related to the competition achievement of Ping-Pong. Especially, the certain surface material of the ping-pong racket may be beneficial to the certain way of the racketting technique. The material parameters’ change may change the elasticity, plasticity, and anti-friction of the surface which would affect the playing level of the athletes. In order to access the relation between the hyperelastic ability and the racketting strength, it is necessary to predict the mechanical response of the ping-pong racket to the different hyperelastic surface materials. A two-dimensional finite element model is developed to predict the mechanical response between the hyperelastic ability and the racketting strength due to the material parameters’ change of the synthetic rubber. The Mooney-Rivlin model is considered as the hyperelastic material model using ANSYS soft in order to simulate the ping-pong racket’s surface material precisely. The different surface material parameters must affect the surface stress or strain of the racket which may change the athletes’ achievement. The special batting technique may acquire the special hyperelastic materials parameters. The rule will be obtained between the hyperelastic material parameters and the stress distribution of the racket surface materials. The ability accurately predicting the mechanical response of the ping-pong racket surface will greatly help the ping-pong racket designers in determining the suitable racket to the particular technology’s athletes.
Experimental Study on Hydrogen Selective-Reduction of Niobium Containing Iron Ore Powder
Authors: Chen Yi Sheng , Tian Tian
Published: June 2014

An experimental study on hydrogen selective-reduction of niobium containing iron ore powder is discussed in this paper. It was used for this study that a homemade diffusion bed tubular resistance furnace which gas was blown from the bottom. Experimental results are reported on that when reduction times reach 2h the best reduction temperature is 950°C and that the reduction degree which is niobium containing iron ore powder can reach 90.98% and the metallization rate which is niobium containing iron ore powder can reach 86.47%. And in the best reduction condition adding LiCL catalyst, it is found that adding LiCl catalyst can promote the reduction degree and the metallization rate improved significantly. Adding LiCL catalyst's proportion is changed from 0.43% to 2.14%, the experiment results show that when adding 0.71% LiCl catalyst the catalytic effect is better and the reduction degree can reach 95.82% and the metallization rate can reach 93.73%.
Slip Length Measurement of Water Flow on Graphite Surface Using Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Li Da Yong , Jing Da Lei , Pan Yun Lu , Ahmad Khurshid , Zhao Xue Zeng
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we present experimental measurements of slip length of deionized (DI) water flow on a silicon surface and a graphite surface by using atomic force microscope. The results show that the measured hydrodynamic drag force is higher on silicon surface than that on graphite surface, and a measured slip length about 10 nm is obtained on the later surface.
Preparation of PAI Composite Coatings and its Tribological Behaviors
Authors: Sun Rui Min , Zhao Hui , Zhou Yong Heng
Published: June 2014

PAI/SiC-and PAI/SiC/PTFE-composite coatings were prepared, which were deposited on Al substrates using spraying technology to improve their surfaces performance. Friction and wear of PAI composite coatings were evaluated on a ball-on-block wear tester, and thermal properties were investigated by TG. It is found that, the friction coefficient and wear rate of PAI coatings reaches the best value when the content of SiC and PTFE is 10 wt % and 0.8wt% respectively, and the friction coefficient of the composites coatings decrease but the wear rate increase with increasing applied load; TG curves shows that the PAI composite coatings have excellent heat resistance. Furthermore, the surface of PAI coatings is perfect without bubbling, desquamating and cracking when it is heated for 2 hour at 250◦C in turn three cycles.
Investigation of Durability T = f (vc) in Turning of the AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Using the CNMG 120408 Coated Carbide Insert
Authors: Dubovská Rozmarína , Majerik Jozef , Chochlikova Henrieta
Published: June 2014

The main aim of the authors research is to assess the investigation of durabilityT= f (vc) in turning of the AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel with the CNMG 120408 coated carbide cutting insert. Experimental tests of selected material were realized in the CNC machine tool Doosan Puma 240 with Fanuc 21i TB control system. This experimental study is a continuation of the solutions of grant VEGA no. 1/9428/02 titled “The technological heredity of the machined surfaces - surface integrity”. The aim of the present paper is to focus scientific research on the impact of the various applied values of cutting speeds in the outer longitudinal turning. This paper, together with the achieved results is a basis that will optimize the performance of turning process of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 used for special applications with their dominant functional areas.
Effects of Parameters on Fine Blanking of Steel Synchronizer Ring Teeth
Authors: Zhang Mei , Hua Lin , Song Yan Li , Mao Hua Jie , Liu Yan Xiong
Published: June 2014

The influences of parameters on fine blanking of steel synchronizer ring teeth have been studied in this paper. Based on the finite element (FE) analysis software DEFORM-3D, a three-dimensional FE model of fine blanking of steel synchronizer ring teeth was established. By analyzing the distribution of hydrostatic stress, the length of smooth cut surface and the height of die-roll, the influence of parameters (i.e., counterforce, blanking clearance and V-ring indenter form) on the cut surface of synchronizer ring teeth were discussed. The quantitative relationships between parameters and the cut surfaces were established. The results show that: Increasing counterforce, decreasing blanking clearance and V-ring indenter located on die are conducive to increase the length of smooth cut surface and to decrease the height of die-roll. These results have a certain guiding significance on the production process of fine blanking of steel synchronizer ring.
Runner Balance Design of Soap Box Compounding Cavity Based on Moldflow
Authors: Wang Hong Bing , Li Zhi Rong , Sun Chun Hua , Zhang Yi Ping
Published: June 2014

Filling unbalance is a critical defect for injection mould. When the upper and lower covers of soap plastic box are produced by injection mold at the same time, filling unbalance in injection would appear because of the different dimensions of the two parts. For advancing the quality of the soap plastic box, the runner system is optimized with the filling analysis module and flow runner balance module of moldflow simulation software. The three-dimensional geometrical models of the two covers are constructed using Pro/e software. In moldflow the runner balance optimization of the soap box compounding cavity is analysis. The results indicate the optimized cross section of the runners can reduce the flow unbalance ratio from 3.38% to 0.73%, and the filling time and pressure can satisfy the demands. According to the analysis results moldflow is appropriate for runner balance design of the plastic products.
The Application of Steady-State Thermal Expansion of the Rolls in Thickness Setup Model for HSM
Authors: Ma Geng Sheng , Yin Fang Chen , Zhu Xiao Yan , Peng Wen , Cao Jian Zhao , Ding Jing Guo , Zhang Dian Hua
Published: June 2014

The hot rolled strip thickness accuracy sometimes can not be guaranteed after a long time for waiting for slabs or other reasons. The reason is when rolling, the rollgap adaptive model has considered the thermal expansion of the roll. So when rolling is restarted, thermal expansion of the rolls must be cleared in order to accurately calculate the setup rollgap value. The finite element software ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature field and thermal expansion amount of the rolls in the rolling process. Application results show that this method can improve the accuracy of strip thickness.
The Optimization of Thickness Model Adaption in Hot Strip Mill
Authors: Ma Geng Sheng , Yin Fang Chen , Peng Wen , Liu Yuan Ming , Ding Jing Guo , Zhang Dian Hua
Published: June 2014

Thickness model adaption plays a important role in obtaining strip with high thickness precision. In order to improve the thickness precision, a complete thickness model adaption system has been designed for every specific model used in the setup system including gap position model, temperature model, rolling force model. Snapshot data and stretch equation are used to adapt gap position. Forced convection coefficient is selected as adaption parameter. A deformation resistance-based fitting quadratic curve is proposed in rolling force adaption, it can be inherited to any other thick range class and a quick thickness adaption method is introduced. Application results show that this adaptive system is with high accuracy, quick adaption and high stability.
Research on Tension and Correction of Filming Steel Strip on Hydrosol Salivation Machine
Authors: Xiao Ying Zhe , Hao Xi Hai
Published: June 2014

The filming mechanism and producing process of water-soluble plastic film is introduced in this paper. The principle and application of tension and correction of filming steel strip on hydrosol salivation machine is discussed systemically.
Effect of Steel Strip-Feeding Process on Solidification Structure
Authors: Zhao Su , Zhang Li
Published: June 2014

It is investigated that effect of steel strip-feeding ratio and superheat degree of molten steel on solidification structure of ingot by the steel strip-feeding experiment in the mold. The results show that: at the same superheat, with the increase of feeding ratio, the area proportion of equiaxed grain zone increases and the average size of equiaxed grain decreases, and at the same feeding ratio, the higher the superheat is, the smaller the proportion of equiaxed grain zone is, and the larger the average grain size is.
Metal Average Deformation Velocity and Forward Slip Model for Longitudinal Profiled Plate Rolling Process
Authors: Wang Chun Fang , Dong Lian Chao , Wang Yan
Published: June 2014

Based on the characteristics of longitudinal profiled plate rolling process, longitudinal profiled plate rolling process is a non-stable rolling process. The rule of volume flow rate has not applied to the longitudinal profiled plate rolling process. So, forward slip model and metal average deformation velocity of conventional rolling do not apply to longitudinal profiled plate rolling process. Forward slip model and metal average deformation velocity of longitudinal profiled plate rolling process are deduced by according to the definition of forward slip and metal average deformation velocity.
Study of Isothermal Split-Die Precision Forging Process of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Complex-Shape Forgings
Authors: Lin Jun , Kang Feng , Hu Chuan Kai , Chen Qiang , Zhao Zu De
Published: June 2014

Taking the geometric configuration of complex-shape forging into account, the isothermal split-die forging method, which is one multi-way die forging technology and can be operated on the general hydraulic press, is employed. The temperatures of billed and dies are 420°C and 380°C in the isothermal forging process. The coupled thermo-mechanical finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the forging process. FEM calculation results show several folds had been formed in the final forging process due to unreasonable geometric configuration of preform. The folds mechanism is that direction of velocities become cross on the surface of billet, and the folds can be avoided if the direction would be kept convex. And then the preform is redesigned. A set of isothermal precision forming equipment is designed and manufactured. The experimental results verify the selected process and preform configuration. And all of the hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the forgings obtained by the equipments satisfy the requirements.
Causes and Remedies for some Physical Defects in Rotary Swaged Products
Authors: Hao Qing Le , Han Jing Tao , Song Jing Jie , Ji Shuai
Published: June 2014

Rotary swaging, which is commonly used to reduce the diameter of bars and tubes, is an open die process according to DIN 8583. There are always some physical defects in rotary swaged products. These defects, which may be on the surface or internal, are not desirable because they may produce bad surface appearance and even adversely affect the strength, service life, formability and other manufacturing characteristics of the products. In this work, some defects occurred in rotary swaged products are examined to determine the causes and to suggest the remedies.
Experimental Investigation on Rotary Punching by the Compression of Polyurethane Pad
Authors: Liu Qian , Han Jing Tao , Liu Jing , Wang Xiao Xiong
Published: June 2014

Rotary punching is a sheet metal blanking process which utilizes shearing tools fixed to a pair of rollers. The polyurethane pad is adopted as the die instead of rigid mold because it has the advantages of wide hardness range and high load-bear capacity. Due to the application of polyurethane pad, the surrounding region adjacent to the pierced hole will occur to plastically deform and deflect, which greatly differs from that in the conventional blanking. In this paper, the effects of blank material and thickness, polyurethane hardness, punch penetration depth on deformation behavior were mathematically analyzed and modeled, and then a series of experiments through varying process parameters were conducted to validate the relationship between process parameters and product quality. The degree of sample deflection was exactly measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the deformed area varies with different blank elongations and increases with increasing blank thickness for a given material. When polyurethane pad with low hardness level is employed, it results in large area deformation and quality degradation. Moreover, the deflection degree around the hole edge becomes more severe along with punch penetration, but the penetration depth along blank thickness is not in proportion to the amount of punch advancement.
Numerical Simulation of Polyurethane Pad Punching Process
Authors: Wang Xiao Xiong , Liu Jing , Han Jing Tao , Liu Qian
Published: June 2014

A numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of the punching clearance, the thickness of sheet, and the hardness of polyurethane pad on the process of punching by finite element program ABAQUS which based on shear failure criterion and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian adaptive meshing method. And the collapse height dimension and width dimension tendency of the sheet under different control parameters was analyzed after punching process according to this simulation result. The results show that the collapse height dimension and width dimension decreased with the increase of the polyurethane hardness, it means the cross section quality perspicuously has been increased; the collapse height dimension and width dimension decreased with the increasing of the sheet thickness; while the influence of the punching gap is indistinctive.
The Research Status of Titanium Clad Steel
Authors: Liu Jia Geng , Han Jing Tao , Liu Jing , Ji Shuai
Published: June 2014

The main methods for manufacturing titanium clad steel are described, also the mechanisms of cold roll bonding and explosive welding are specifically analyzed. It is showed that two opposing brittle surface layers produced by scratch brushing break up and underlying base metal is extruded through cracks of the broken layers and creates an atom-to-atom bond for cold roll bonding, however, a lot of parameters affect the bonding for explosive welding. Some new ideas for manufacturing titanium clad steel is discussed herein.
The Pressed Products on the Basis of Gypsum
Authors: Petropavlovskaya Victoria , Buryanov Аleksandr , Novichencova Tatyana
Published: June 2014

In article the question of use of pressure for receiving quality products on the basis of gypsum is considered. Correlation of characteristics of a raw mix and properties of a material is researched. Are used as input products natural and technogenic gypsum.
Effect of DROF Process on the Temperature Field and Roll Force
Authors: Liu Xin , Su Lei , Liu Xiang Hua
Published: June 2014

The key technology of direct rolling of free heating for bar and rod mill (DROF) was briefly introduced. Compared with the traditional process, the DROF can reduce energy consumption and emission, so as to decrease the production cost. It is very important to understand temperature field of continuous casting billet (CC-billet) to carry out the research on DROF technology. In order to reduce the loss of heat, the insulation cover is used, so it can effectively reduce the roll force and motor power. The rolling parameters, such as roll force and power, in former 4 stands of roughing mills were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The results show that the average temperature of the CC-billet after 300s from the cutting time can still be over 970°C, it can meet the need of direct rolling.
Research on a Kind of no Punch Hollow Part Hydraulic Pressure Expand Mould
Authors: Song Yan Rong
Published: June 2014

There are many kinds of expanding mould, and rubber punch is more than others. Of course there are many hydraulic pressure mould, but there are a litter of which can be multipurpose and be suit for many kinds of products. Through researching some kinds of products, using of a kind of called Half structure and a common use of die set, a kind of no punch hollow part hydraulic pressure expand mould was designed. In this kind of mould, the product can be separated from the mould and be reset easily, and only the cavity size should be designed because of the outer size of mould never be designed. It has a fixed size and structure. The punch was made of rubber capsule, when product was needed to expand, the hydraulic pressure oil was supplied by the oil pump. When the product was needed separated from the mould, the oil in rubber capsule should be taken out of it at first, then the Half structure may be ejected, at the return trip, a T shaped pole was used to reset. This mould was of simple in structure, and the action was reliable and very practical.
Design and Tuning of the Ultrasonic Wide-Blade Horn for Joining and Cutting Non-Woven Fabrics
Authors: Lee Chang Hee , Seo Jeong Seok , Park Dong Sam
Published: June 2014

For joining and cutting non-woven fabrics, an ultrasonic wide-blade horn is expected to be used effectively. During the joining and cutting process, this horn can work as the punch in the punching and blanking systems. The performance of a wide-blade horn is normally relevant to the resonance at the operating frequency, the vibration amplitude, and the uniformity of the amplitude on the output surface. In this study, an ultrasonic wide-blade horn is optimally designed and fabricated for joining and cutting non-woven fabrics, and it is tuned to operate at 20 kHz, the resonant frequency of the converter. Analytic and experimental results show that based on the modal and harmonic response analysis and repeated tuning, the wide-blade horn could be optimally designed and fabricated. The resonant frequency of the developed horn was 19,979 Hz, and the amplitude uniformity of the output surface was 76%.
Experimental Study on Effects of Feed per Tooth on Shear Angle and Friction Angle in Orthogonal Milling of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Liu Wan Zhu , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2014

Shear angle and friction angle are the two characteristic parameters in orthogonal cutting model. This paper investigated effects of feed per tooth on shear angle and friction angle in orthogonal milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by experimental approach. Three different straight tooth milling tool with different rake angles are used in this research. Experimental results reveals that in orthogonal milling of Ti6Al4V alloy, shear angle will decrease with increase of feed per tooth and friction angle will increase with increase of feed per tooth. And then variation of shear angle and friction angle affect the values of force coefficients. The experimental results provide deep understand of basic physical phenomenon in milling process and sheds light on more accurate cutting force modeling.
Research on the Size Distribution of Intragranular and Boundary Carbides of T91 Steel after Creep
Authors: Wan Qiang , Chen L. , Luo C. , Li Z.G. , Chen Y.M , Yang B.
Published: June 2014

The high temperature crept tests of T91 steel have been conducted under two different stresses and temperatures. The single crystal electron diffraction is used to identify the precipitated phase structure. The quantity and size of carbides located in boundaries and intragranular area have been obtained by quantitative metallography, respectively. The results showed that the main precipitated carbides in T91 steel are M23C6(M=Fe,Cr) and V4C3,which is located in the grain and at the boundary of prior austenite respectively. In comparison with the carbides at boundary, the average size of intragranular carbides was smaller while the quantity is higher. The distribution of the carbides size crept with different stresses and temperatures is in accordance with a typical Boltzmann distribution.
Polishing Experiment Study of the Elastic Coated Abrasives
Authors: Wang Gui Lian , Zhou Hai Bo , Guo Shu Li , Huang De Chen , Jiao Ren Bao , Bayarsaikhan Namjil
Published: June 2014

A kind of elastic coated abrasives used for polishing large mould surface, such as automobile panel mould, is investigated in this research. Many polishing experiments were finished by using elastic coated abrasives in order to study the effects of grit and workpiece material on surface roughness and machining efficiency. It is concluded that surface roughness is minimum and polishing efficiency is the highest when using 120# abrasives at the same condition, surface roughness is the lowest and polishing efficiency is the highest for AISI 1045 steel in three materials. The difficulty of material removal is different if the textures prior to polishing are different in workpiece surface. Surface texture prior to polishing has effects on surface roughness and polishing efficiency. The research results provide foundation for process planning to achieve good surface roughness and high efficiency in the future research.
The Cooling Characteristics of Quenching Mist under Different Conditions
Authors: Cheng He Ming , Zhou Si Qing , Li Jian Yun , Yang Tie Xin , Chen Liang , Zhang Si Dai
Published: June 2014

Spray quenching process is nitrogen, water mixture as the cooling medium of the new quenching process. The research shows that the flow of water and nitrogen pressure can be controlled to achieve the purpose of cooling rate. T10 steel as a cylindrical test object, the different ratio of water flow, nitrogen pressure as different quenching conditions, it cooled from 780 °C to 10 °C time ranging from 48 to 270 seconds, and the surface of the core after quenching hardness changes in operating conditions as occurred with the change.
Research on the Laser Welding Technology of LF21
Authors: Qi Jia Rui , Huang Xu Ren , Sun Hai Xia , Li Yan Li
Published: June 2014

Traditional welding methods are difficult to adapt to the development of welding technology of aluminum alloys. Laser welding plays an important role in this field increasingly for its advantages. In this investigation, LF21 plate with a thickness of 2mm was welded utilizing the pulsed laser welding and the mechanical properties of the laser welded joints are analyzed. The tensile strength of welded joint is in the range of 196 Mpa to 232 Mpa. The maximum tensile strength is obtained at the working current of 250 A, pulse width of 6 ms and pulse frequency of 2 Hz. The maximum tensile strength can reach 87% of base material. The intensity factor of welded joint is in the range of 74% to 87%. The welded joint can meet the requirements of users.
Ultrasonic Horn Design and Weldability in Thin Ni Plates Welding
Authors: Park Woo Yeol , Lee Chang Hee , Park Dong Sam
Published: June 2014

In this research, a new ultrasonic horn is designed and fabricated for welding thin Ni plates by vibration analysis. Two types of the horn tip are fabricated to evaluate the effect of horn’s tip on the weldability. Modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and FFT analysis are carried out for verifying the adequacy of the developed horn. To evaluate weldability of two types of horn tip, welding strength and the microstructure of the weld surface are experimentally investigated with various welding parameters such as pressure, time and vibration amplitude. Finally, the new horn with resonant frequency of 40 kHz is developed, and it is shown that welding strength and the microstructure of the weld surface are largely affected by horn’s tip shape.
Influence of Grain Size and Grain Boundary of Workpiece on Micro EDM
Authors: Liu Qing Yu , Zhang Qin He , Zhang Jian Hua , Zhang Min
Published: June 2014

Micro EDM is used to machine micro features which are of the same size order as material microstructure of workpiece. Due to the difference of the thermal properties between the crystal grain and grain boundary, the machining performance of micro EDM varies with the crystal grain sizes of workpiece. This paper investigated on the influence of grain size and grain boundary on the machining performance of micro EDM. By drilling micro holes on two pieces of stainless steel 304 (SUS 304) which are different in grain sizes, test results revealed that the characteristics of micro EDM is influenced by grain sizes of workpiece materials significantly.
High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of SUS310S Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Zheng Tao , Han Jing Tao
Published: June 2014

The oxidation behavior of SUS310S austenitic stainless steels was studied in isothermal conditions at different temperatures between 800oC and 1100oC for 96h in air. The oxidation kinetics was analyzed, the surface and cross-section of the oxide scale grown by oxidation were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffusion (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SUS310S steel has high oxidation resistance at 800oC and with the increase of the temperature, the parabolic rate constants is constantly increasing. Examination of the morphology and composition of oxide layers reveals a double-layer structure, The inner layer is mainly chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and is covered by an uneven thinness outer layer of manganese-chromium or iron-chromium spinel oxide.
Influence of Laser Input Current and Water Jet to Etching Amount of Polycrystalline Si Wafer
Authors: Chen Xue Hui , Zhang Cheng , Yuan Gen Fu , Zhang Chong Tian , Yao Yan Sheng
Published: June 2014

A water jet assisted laser composite processing device was used to study the influence of the laser input current and low-speed jet to etching amount .It established a empirical formula for relationship between the input current and the etching amount. Tests showed: under certain water speed, as the laser input current increased , the amount of etching was also increased; and when the current was constant, the jet speed was 25.9m/s, the etching amount reached a peak. This test also analyzed the factors that influenced the etching amount of water jets.
Laser Cladding of Co-Based Alloy on 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Song , Wu Chen Liang , Liu Jie , Zhang Chun Hua , Tan Jun Zhe
Published: June 2014

316 stainless steel was surface cladded with Co-based alloy using a high power semiconductor laser system. Microstructure, chemical composition, constituent phases and microhardness of the clad coating were investigated with SEM, EDS, XRD and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the layer is dense, no voids, cracks or other defects appearing and metallurgical bond between coating and substrate is perfect, The clad layer was mainly consisted of a fine dendritic structure, the constituent phases of the clad layer are mainly composed of γ-Co, (Cr,Mo)23C6 and Cr7C3, the microhardness of clad layer reaches about 720HV, which is about 3 times larger than that of the 316 stainless steel substrate.
Modeling for HAGC Press System of Rolling Mill
Authors: Wang Hai Fang
Published: June 2014

Hydraulic automatic gauge control press system is one of the key techniques of modern rolling mills. Its mathematical model is important for directly determining the quality of cold rolling strip. The sketch of hydraulic automatic gauge control press system is built. The six components of hydraulic automatic gauge control press are present, and the mathematical model of each componets is built, then, the mathematical model of hydraulic automatic gauge control press system of rolling mills is built too. Finally, it is validated by simulation based on the established model and application of real data.
Simulation and Analysis of Material Horizontal Vibration Conveying Based on DEM
Authors: Qin Zhi Ying , Zhao Zhi Lin , Zhao Yue Jing
Published: June 2014

For the horizontal vibration conveyor, the system dynamics is analyzed. Taking into account the effect of the properties of materials and interaction force between the particles on the conveying velocity of materials, introduces the general principle of DEM and the motion of particles in horizontal vibration conveyor is macro simulated and numerical simulated. The effects of amplitude, frequency and thickness of particles on the motion of particles are analyzed.
The Fiber Orientation Angle Determination for a Composite Anisotropic Solid Rod in Pultrusion
Authors: Kutin Andrey A. , Krasnovskii Aleksandr N. , Kazakov Ilya A.
Published: June 2014

Obtaining equation for fiber orientation angle of a composite anisotropic solid rod with a circular cross section is presented in this paper. Anisotropic pultruded rods can be manufactured using a special technology complex, developed by the authors. To derive the fiber orientation angle the equations of structural mechanics were used, as well as specific approach to determine the shear modulus of the heterogeneous Fiber/Resin System.
Prediction and Control of Hot Pressing Rebound of Fan Blade Based on Thermal Mechanical Coupling Simulation
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: June 2014

The article designed the forming process according to the shape characteristics of one type of fan blade. It put forward forming technology solutions combined with practical manufacturing capability. Based on many factors such as heat coupling numerical simulation and process optimization were proceeded in DEFORM-3D platform, in-depth analysis of the distribution rule of law, warping, the stress and the strain in forming process, put forward to control measures for the law of rebound deformation, gain reasonable technology standards, and experimental verification, and therefore solve the key technical difficulties of production process, for relevant industry leaves parts production provides a practical and efficient, economical and reliable forming technology.
Finite Element Modelling of Copper by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion
Authors: Krishnaiah Arkanti
Published: June 2014

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) method for obtaining bulk nanostructured materials. The ECAE die consists of two equal channels that intersect at an angle, usually between 90o and 135o. . In the present study, the plastic deformation behavior of copper during the ECAE process with 120o die was investigated. To analyze the deformation behavior and the related strain distributions in the specimen, the commercial FE code ABAQUS has been used. The properties of the materials are strongly dependent on the shear plastic deformation behavior during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), which is controlled mainly by die geometry, material properties, and the friction between billet and the die. The ECAE process for these conditions was explained using the two different friction conditions of 0.15 and 0.08 to all sliding surfaces. The effective strain by the theoretical equation is in good agreement with the FEM results.
Hot-Rolling Batch Planning Problem of Round Bar with Roller Capacity
Authors: Bai Liang , Li Tie Ke , Wang Bai Lin , Dong Guang Jing , Xu Shao Yun
Published: June 2014

Considering the feature of roller capacity with dynamics change in round bar production, a hot-rolling batch planning problem is studied. Firstly, the problem is formulated as a different capacities vehicle routing problem (DCVRP). And then, a mathematic model is built with two optimization objectives, minimization for total set-up time and maximization for utilization of roller. Secondly, an algorithm based on constraint satisfaction technique is present with variable selection rules and value selection rules for billet selecting, grouping and sequencing, and constraint propagation for searching-space reducing and rolling-unit partitioning. Meanwhile, the current capacity of online roller is updated dynamically during the solving process of algorithm. Finally, comparing results indicated that the proposed model and algorithm are effective and efficient.
Synthesis of Sulfur-Doped Graphene from Sulfonated Polystyrene
Authors: Gao Hui , Guo Hai Jie , Chen Jing Zi
Published: June 2014

Herein, sulfonated polystyrene thin film was applied as the precursor to synthesize sulfur (S)-doped graphene via thermal annealing process. S atoms were proved to be successfully doped into the lattice of graphene sheets according to the analyses of high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTM) and the corresponding energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). The high D band detected in the Raman spectrum of S-doped graphene indicates the large amount of defects was introduced into the lattice of graphene, and the in-plane crystallite sizes were calculated to be ca. 21.7 nm. Our method provides an efficient and simple approach for the synthesis of S-doped graphene, which would promote the research for graphene based devices in widespread applications.
Effect of Normal Pressure on the Coupled Temperature Field of Pin-Disc in Electromagnetic Environment
Authors: Tao Jing Qing , Dong Lin , Liu Zhei Wei , Yang Jie
Published: June 2014

Based on the FE software ANSYS, the coupling temperature fields of pin-disc friction pair were simulated and analyzed in pin-disc friction rig. The results show that the temperatures of pin-disc friction pair with magnetic field are higher than that without magnetic field, under the same relative displacement, speed and normal pressure. The maximum coupling temperature increase slowly and then increase quickly with the increasing of normal pressure, under the constant magnetic field intensity and speed. The maximum coupling temperature decreases with the increase of relative speed, when the relative sliding distance and magnetic field intensity are constant.
Heat Transfer Capacity of Composite Cooling System for Automobile Lithium-Ion Battery with Heat Pipe and Phase Change Materials
Authors: Yu Ming Guo , Wang Shu Hui , E Jia Qiang , Hu Xiao Feng
Published: June 2014

Combining high thermal conductivity and high latent heat of phase change Materials (PCM) with heat pipe that has strong ability of heat transfer. A three-dimensional transient heat-transfer model was set up to simulate the temperature distribution in the lithium-ion battery under different conditions of heat generation rate and different ambient temperature. The study revealed that composite cooling system keep the battery temperature below 40.2°C on average working condition, the highest temperature was not exceed 48.7°C even under stressful conditions. However, use PCM without heat pipe as cooling system, the temperature was 2~6°C higher than composite cooling system at the same condition. The composite cooling system was superior to PCM cooling system, especially in high heat generation rate and high ambient temperature.
Effect of Model Structure on Thermal Conductivity of Sandwich Composites
Authors: Jin Yang Fu , Zhang Cheng , Qian Xin , Yang Fang Qin
Published: June 2014

Heat conductive materials, which widely used in the field like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, metal/unsaturated polyester (UP) sandwich composite is prepared to use as heat conductive material. Hollow and solid model are prepared to study their capacity of thermal transmission by software ANSYS and experiment. The results showed that capacity of solid model thermal transmission increased with increasing the number of wires. Equivalent thermal conductivity of solid composite model is 3 times more than that of pure UP. Heat transfer effect of hollow composite model is better than that of solid composite model, even though the latter has two layers of wires more than the former.
Thermomechanical Coupled Analysis of Multidisc Friction Pairs in Hydro-Viscous Drive
Authors: Cui Jian Zhong , Wang Cun Tang , Xie Fang Wei
Published: June 2014

A transient temperature-stress coupled analysis is performed to investigate the thermomechanical coupled analysis of multidisc friction pairs in Hydro-viscous drive under simulated operation conditions. The normal pressure on all the surfaces are obtained from the principle of force equilibrium and then the heat flux acting on the related surface are also deduced. Based on the finite element method, the 3-D transient thermal and thermomechanical models of single pair are established as the typical one. The distribution of thermal and thermomechanical behavior during the soft-start can be studied. The results show that the maximum temperature occurs at the center of each subregion, where hot spots can be observed. The minimum hoop stress distribution can be observed in the separator disk.