bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of pollutant removal from municipal wastewater in vertical flow constructed wetlands
Authors: Kowalik Piotr J. , Mierzejewski Michal , Randerson Peter F. , Williams Haydn Gregg
Published: October 2019

The efficiency of pollution removal from municipal sewage in two vertical flow constructedwetlands consisting of gravel filters with surface area 4 x 5 m, depth 60 cm, covered by reedwas evaluated over a period of two years. The flow of wastewater was about 50 mm per day.Wastewater underwent only mechanical treatment before reed bed B, but reed bed A wassupplied with wastewater after biological treatment with activated sludge. Sewage wassampled before and after filtration every IO days. Measurements were made of sewage supplyand discharge, precipitation and wastewater temperatures. The main indicator of efficiencywas the elimination of suspended solids, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from thewastewater during filtration. The elimination of the pollution load was 2-25 g per squaremeter per day for the BOD5 and 0--3.5 g per square meter per day for total nitrogen. Rates ofpollution removal were between 2 and 4 times as high in bed Bas in bed A. The rate ofBOD5 removal and the coefficient k for BOD5 were strongly dependent on temperature for reed bedB; less so far for bed A. The difference between summer and winter indicates that the surfacearea of constructed wetland B should be 3 times bigger during winter to obtain the summerrate ofBOD5 pollution removal in the climatic conditions ofNorth Poland (54a° N).
Recirculation of nutrients from MSW with a biocell reactor technique
Authors: Bramryd Torleif
Published: October 2019

Biological treatment of wastes is an important part of a sustainable waste managementsystem, and can be used for the extraction of nutrients, humus and energy, but also for longterm stabilization or detoxification of wastes. New biological techniques, like some types ofreactor cells, constructed in landfill areas, also function as bio-filters, where nutrients areseparated in a liquid form while heavy metals and other pollutants are fixed in thefermentation residue. Energy is extracted as biogas. Thus not only source separated, nonpolluted organic wastes, but also slightly polluted residual municipal, commercial or lightindustrial wastes can be treated and stabilized with biological techniques.
Filter materials - a possible method to optimise the reduction and recycling of phosphorus in smallscale wastewater treatment systems?
Authors: Johansson Westholm Lena
Published: October 2019

One of the environmental goals adopted by the Swedish Parliament concerns the reductionand extended recycling of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). Phosphorus is discharged intothe environment through poorly treated wastewater, especially in sparsely populated areaswhere few people are connected to the municipal sewer-system. In these areas, small-scalewastewater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands and infiltration systems have beenused as treatment facilities. These systems have shortcomings and the recycling of phosphorus is very limited. New methods have therefore been searched for. One interestingmethod is the use of filter materials that efficiently sorb high amounts of phosphorus and,when P-saturation is achieved, could be used as soil conditioner or P-fertilisers. The criteriasuch materials have to fulfil are that they have a high P-sorption capacity, are available andthat sorbed phosphorus is available for uptake by plants. Different filter materials, naturalmaterials as well as anthropogenic ones have been tested in different kinds of investigations.Most materials have been tested in batch experiments, others have been selected for furtherstudies in column experiments and a few materials have also been tested in field experiments.A few materials have also been investigated with regard to plant availability of sorbedphosphorus. The results from the different investigations are promising, even though theknowledge still is scarce. In order to learn more about these materials, further studies aresuggested.
Reclamation of phosphogypsum deposition site in Wislinka near Gdansk with municipal sewage sludge
Authors: Kowalik Piotr , Wojciechowska Ewa
Published: October 2019

Utilization of sewage sludge is becoming one of the biggest environmental problems.One of the possible solutions is application of sludge to soil amendment. Sludge is a goodnatural fertilizer due to high concentration of organic carbon and nutrient elements (N, P).On the contrary, sewage sludge also contains heavy metals and may be contaminatedwith enteric parasites. Thus application of sludge to land could result in contamination ofsurface and ground waters and including trace metals in the food chains due tocontamination of plants grown on sludge amended soils. Hence land application of sludgeought to be carefully monitored and follow stringent regulations, which are often difficultto fulfil. However, if sludge is applied to reclamation of degraded post-industrial lands,waste deposition sites, landfills and formation of soil-like surface layer on soil-lessgrounds, the restrictions are not so stringent and easier to fulfil than in cases when cropsare grown on sludge amended soils.In the article reclamation of a phosphogypsum deposition site in Wislinka near Gdanskusing sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is discussed.Phosphogypsum deposit in Wislinka for many years has been one of the biggestenvironmental problems of the region, causing permanent complainants from localcommunities. Reclamation of the deposition site started in 1999 and has been continuedup till now. Covering of the slopes with a layer of sludge reduces dangerous wind erosionof dust and promotes plants succession.
Evaluation of the potential of (pelargonium roseum) scented geranium plant to uptake and accumulate lead
Authors: Mahdiyeh Majid , Sangi Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Malek , Tagavi Abolfazle
Published: October 2019

The major objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of scentedgeranium plant, Pelargonium roseum to uptake and accumulate lead under greenhouseconditions. Plants were grown in an artificial soil system and exposed to a range of leadconcentrations (0-2500mg.L- 1 Pb (NO3)2) in over a 14 day treatment period. The resultsshowed that the uptake and accumulation of lead in shoot and root followed a similartrend. The highest amount of lead accumulation was detected at 2500mg.L- 1 lead nitratein the culture solution that was 86566.68±7864 mg.kg-' DW for roots and4416.04±502.27 mg.kg-' DW for shoots. The linear pattern of uptake suggests theinvolvement of both active and passive transport mechanisms for lead uptake. Finally,because the high concentrations of lead found in shoots of scented geranium plants hasfar exceeded 0.1 % DW, Pelargonium roseum may be a new hyperaccumulator speciesfor this metal and be used for phytoremediation industry.
Activate sludge treatment of leachates from väätsa landfill, Estonia
Authors: Sooäär Mait
Published: October 2019

Vfilitsa Landfill is the first sanitary landfill in Estonia that meets the requirements of theEU landfill directive. The landfill is dimensioned to serve about 130 000 inhabitants.The first stage of landfill (out of seven) was accomplished in 2000. Disposal of wasteswas started in November 2000. By now, the landfill contains: one hectare large disposalsite for domestic waste, composting area for organic waste and storage site forconstruction wastes. In Estonia, the collection of recyclables has not jet developed. InVfilitsa landfill, however, waste paper, glass and plastic are sorted. Organic waste is notseparated on-site, and this is the reason why the organic content (nutritive waste) ofgarbage is high. Currently, the landfill serves approximately 40 000 inhabitants.According to the requirements of the client, Veemaailm INC designed and built a twophase activated sludge leachate treatment plant. First phase of the treatment, extendedaeration, takes place in a container. In order to adjust the concentrations of biogenesis,Ortho Phosphorus Acid is added to the leachate. During the first phase, concentrations ofpollutants are decreased approximately by 1/3. The second phase of purification takesplace in oxidation lagoon.The leachate treatment plant worked effectively throughout the first year, both during thesummer with high temperatures, and winter with low temperatures. During the firstoperating year, the main expenses were: energy for blowers, phosphorus acid for nutrientadjustment, and exchange oil for blowers. The analysis of the first operating year showsthat BOD has decreased more than 95%, COD approximately 90% and N on an average60 %. The activated sludge process also reduced the concentrations of some heavymetals.
Environmental impacts of landfill covering by use of industrial by-products
Authors: Veibäck Frida , Johansson Westholm Lena
Published: October 2019

Since the introduction of an EC-directive on stronger demands on covering and lining oflandfills, the Swedish Parliament has adopted new legislation on waste deposition.Within a near future, a large number of landfills in Sweden have to be closed down due tothese stronger demands. Covering of landfills has traditionally been carried out with tillas covering material. The use of till causes depletion of a natural resource and in addition,high costs for transportation might arise. Alternative materials have thus been sought for.Two potential materials are sludge and ash. Their behaviour with regard to leaching is notvery well known and the focus of this work is to further investigate this issue. A pilotscale area on a closed-down part of the Gryta landfill site in Viistenis, Sweden; was partlycovered with composted sewage sludge mixed with mineral soil, partly with ash. The aimwas to find out whether the leachate from the covered areas had to be subject for furthertreatment before being discharged into the recipient. The leachate was analysed fornitrogen and phosphorus. The results from the first three months of the experimentshowed high concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus in the leachate, probablydue to a washing effect. It is expected that the nutrient concentrations will decrease in thefuture when the content of nutrients in the covering materials have been washed out andwhen vegetation has been established. Further investigations of the leachate will confirmthis. Based on these findings and the fact that the materials fulfil other requirements forcovering materials, it was concluded that both sludges and ashes could be regarded assuitable materials for a sustainable landfill covering. Further investigations on the subjectare however suggested.
Seasonal changes of contamination removal in constructed wetlands systems
Authors: Gajewska Magdalena , Kowalik Piotr , Obarska-Pempkowiak Hanna
Published: October 2019

The investigation was carried out at two different hybrid constructed wetlands, whichtreated municipal sewage after mechanical treatment from small villages in PomeranianRegion, In all facilities first step of biological treatment were horizontal flow beds, Themain difference concerns configuration of the facilities and sewage distributions systemsinto vertical flow beds, The measurement period was divided into vegetation (from Aprilto October) and outside vegetation seasons (from November to March) for all analysedfacilities.The results allowed for estimation of efficiency removal of different contaminations inboth measurements seasons. Comparison of the amount of sewage and loads ofcontamination inflowing and outflowing from the facilities are presented. Achievedresults make it possible to estimate the rate of organic matter decomposition and nitrogenremoval in vegetation and outside vegetation seasons.
Measuring of oxygen mass-transfer through the gas-liquid interface
Authors: Mölder Erik , Mashirin Aleksei , Tenno Toomas
Published: October 2019

In the present study, oxygen mass-transfer processes through the liquid-air interface fromgas mixture with variable volume at constant pressure were investigated. This paperdescribes a device based on the electrochemical oxygen sensor placed on the liquid-airsurface. The oxygen sensor measured the decrease of oxygen concentration in the smallvolume under the device, that is in contact with deoxygenated liquid. Experimental dataobtained by the device were introduced to a novel mathematical model, which allowedcalculating diffusion flow through the liquid-air interface and diffusional conductivity P/1of liquid surface.By means of the developed device it is possible to measure the total impediment of theair-water interface to oxygen mass-transfer.
The role of wetlands in decreasing small rivers eutrofication in the Kaliningrad region
Authors: Umansky Sergey , Kondratenko Marina , Shibaeva Maria
Published: October 2019

The characteristics of possible ways of solving the problem is described as well as theproof of expediency of realization of measures on decrease of the small riverseutrofication level with the help of self-cleaning abilities ofwetlands is given.As an analog-object for research the river Gurievka (the right inflow of the river Pregel).The water resources of this river are used for hydropower and water-supply fish-breedingfarm.On basis of hydrochemical analysis and usage of bioindication method for saprobityestimation the analysis of state of water ecosystem in carried out for upper, average andundercurrent of the river Gurievka.The waters of the river Gurievka refer to a category "moderately - contaminated".The first results on wetland cleaning capacity research are described. This wetland islocated in the middle part of the river and presented by marshy part of the channel withextention of 120 m.Typha latifolia L. dominates in aquatic plants community's structure.The decrease of water contamination level is noted with passing of water through wetland(COD5 at the input - 4, I Mr02/JI, at the output - 2,2 MrOi/n).By results of study of ecological state of the river it is offered to conduct operations onreconstruction of the coastal zone and creation of artificial wetlands on plots subjected tothe greatest anthropogenic influence.
Composting in Brazil
Authors: De Schueler Adriana , Mahler Claudio Fernando
Published: October 2019

In order to reduce the volume of waste to be disposed ofin the landfills, and consequentlyincrease their lifetime, solutions such as incineration, pre treatment of the waste andrecycling are recommended. Composting is a method of recycling by using the organicwaste nutrients, which can be utilised for agricultural fertilisation and improvement ofsoil structure by increasing its capacity to resist erosion. Many composting factories werebuilt in Brazil, but few of them are still working adequately. Selection of a methoddepends on factors like waste characteristics, environmental, economic and socialconditions of the place where it will be constructed and the organisation of the stateadministration. This work presents the actual state of utilisation of composting techniquein Brazil, as well as some analysis of compost produced at some factories. It presents alsoan analysis for the reasons why after several experiences, the composting process are notimplemented in Brazil in a way that it could be considered an advantageous procedure forless industrialised countries.
Studies on biodegradation of organic waste in uasb reactor
Authors: Majumder C. B. , Mathur Anil Kr. , Kapse Vedprakash
Published: October 2019

The industrialization in the developing countries causes severe problems in collection,treatment and disposal of organic effluents. The situation leads to public health andenvironmental problem. Therefore, various high rate anaerobic treatments has beenemerged as a variable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and domesticwastewater containing organic wastes. In this study high rate Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket (UASB) reactor has been critically analyzed, discussed and designed as thesolution of above problem. According to that a UASB reactor has been fabricated forlaboratory study. The UASB system appeared to be economically cost effective ascompared to other systems. This paper also focuses on the principle of startup,operational performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methaneproduction rate, and specific methanogenic activity in the UASB reactor. In the presentstudy, reactor was started initially with mixture of molasses and glucose (50% each)solution with organic loading rate (OLR) 0.933 g COD/L day. Thereafter, OLR is beingincreased in steps. After 15 days of startup of reactor, molasses solution was applied. Thetemperature (35e° C), pH (6.8±0.4), and nutrients requirement were maintained. In thisstudy COD: N: P ratio were maintained at 300: IO: l by adding urea for nitrogen andpotassium di-hydrogen phosphate for phosphorus. For a change of OLR up to 13.33gCOD/L day, all above-mentioned parameter were studied. The removal efficiency andgas production rate depend on activity of granules. A typical organic degrading granule iscomposed of micro-colonies of Methanothrix and several syntropic micro -colonies.
FDA Approval Summary: Ruxolitinib for Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Przepiorka Donna , Luo Lola , Subramaniam Sriram , Qiu Junshan , Gudi Ramadevi , Cunningham Lea C. , Nie Lei , Leong Ruby , Ma Lian , Sheth Christopher , Deisseroth Albert , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Pazdur Richard
Published: October 2019

On May 24, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved ruxolitinib for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. Approval was based on Study INCB 18424-271 (REACH-1; NCT02953678), an open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial that included 49 patients with grades 2–4 SR-aGVHD occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ruxolitinib was administered at 5 mg twice daily, with dose increases to 10 mg twice daily permitted after 3 days in the absence of toxicity. The Day-28 overall response rate was 57.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.2–71.2). The median duration of response was 0.5 months (95% CI: 0.3–2.7), and the median time from Day-28 response to either death or need for new therapy for acute GVHD was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.2 to not estimable). Common adverse reactions included anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, infections, edema, bleeding, and elevated transaminases. Ruxolitinib is the first drug approved for treatment of SR-aGVHD.
Influence of workability parameters and filling time on the quality of SCC filling layers
Authors: Li Wenxu , Ma Kunlin , Long Guangcheng , Li Ning , Yu Lianshan , Xie Qinquan
Published: October 2019

The self-compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer is a key structural component of the China railway track system type III ballastless track structure. The quality of the filling layer directly affects the durability, comfort and safety of the track system. Based on job site practice in the construction of the Zhengzhou–Fuyang high-speed railway, the distribution characteristics of the dynamic elastic modulus and homogenisation index of the SCC used as the filling layer with different workability parameters (slump flow, T500 and filling time) were obtained by sampling the SCC core from the filling layer. Image analysis software was employed to analyse the size and distribution characteristics of the surface defects statistically. The filling layer quality was evaluated according to the homogenisation index and the surface defect ratio. The results showed that the dynamic elastic modulus of the SCC in the filling layer tended to decrease from the intermediate filling hole to the four outlets. The order of influence of workability parameters on the filling layer quality was found to be T500, slump flow and filling time.
МОДЕЛИ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ПОТЕРЬ НА УРОВНЕ ОТДЕЛЬНОГО ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors: Строев Сергей Павлович , Тинякова Виктория Ивановна , Русских Татьяна Николаевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: в статье разрабатывается математический инструментарий риск-менеджмента, предназначенный для проведения количественного анализа риска потерь отдельного производственного подразделения. Обсуждение: концептуальную основу данного инструментария составляет предположение о существовании зависимости уровня риска от объема средств, выделяемых на проведение антирисковых мероприятий. В работе обосновывается использование для аппроксимации данной зависимости семейства дробно-линейных функций. Результаты: на базе построенного в работе аналитического представления данной зависимости получены выражения для количественной оценки стартового и финального уровней риска потерь производственного подразделения, а также разработаны модели оптимизации расходов на антирисковые мероприятия.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАСШИРЕНИЯ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ С НИГЕРИЕЙ В ОБЛАСТИ ТОРГОВЛИ, ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ, ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
Authors: Алешин Кирилл Андреевич
Published: October 2019

Цель: автор ставит цель определить состояние сотрудничества России с Нигерией в области торговли, инвестиций и инфраструктуры в условиях международной конкуренции и предложить механизмы для углубления связей. Обсуждение: автор предлагает оценку текущего состояния, перспектив и возможностей, трудностей во взаимоотношениях между Российской Федерацией и Нигерией в области торговли, инвестиций и инфраструктуры. Результаты: автор приходит к выводу, что Нигерия является одним из ключевых и перспективных партнеров России на Африканском континенте. Имеется значительный потенциал для увеличения экспортных операций со стороны российских компаний, углубления инвестиционного сотрудничества, расширения связей в области инфраструктуры. Предложен ряд конкретных мер для форсирования развития двусторонних экономических отношений.
ЭКСПОРТНЫЕ ПОТОКИ РОССИИ: ТОЛЬКО ЛИ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ДИСТАНЦИЯ ИМЕЕТ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ?
Authors: Новиков Игорь Александрович , Лихарева Наталья Дмитриевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена анализу влияния стимулов психологической дистанции на экспортные потоки России. Обсуждение: изменения конъюнктуры мирового рынка приводят к тому, что показатели для ее оценки также изменяются с течением времени. Сегодня в связи с развитием транспорта, информационных и коммуникационных технологий, ускорением темпов глобализации и интернационализации важность показателей географического расстояния и размеров экономики при выборе торгового партнера снижается. В современном мире главным критерием для организации внешнеторгового сотрудничества становятся межнациональные различия партнеров. Количество исследований в области психологической дистанции на микро- и макроуровне выросло в последние годы, однако данная тема так и остается недостаточно изученной в российском контексте. Результаты: в статье представлены результаты исследования влияния стимулов психологической дистанции на экспортные потоки Российской Федерации в 93 страны. Протестирована связь между стимулами психологической дистанции и объемом экспорта с помощью регрессионного анализа. Результаты подтвердили гипотезу о различном влиянии психологической дистанции на сырьевые и производственные товары. Выявлено влияние отдельных стимулов психологической дистанции на производственные товары.
ФИНАНСОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПАНИИ: ОЦЕНКА И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ
Authors: Лавлинская Анна Леонидовна , Ходжаев Гуванч Чарыгелдиевич
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена рассмотрению подходов к оценке и прогнозированию финансовой стратегии развития компании. Обсуждение: высокая скорость изменения внешней среды вызывает острую необходимость внедрения стратегии, направленной на достижение устойчивого развития компании. Стратегические аспекты деятельности компании выходят на первый план в рамках обеспечения непрерывного роста и развития компании в долгосрочной перспективе. При этом существуют разрозненные подходы, индикаторы и показатели оценки такого развития, что требует уточнения адекватности их применения в целях формирования адекватной финансовой стратегии. Результаты: авторами выделены два подхода к оценке и прогнозированию финансовой стратегии: на основе бухгалтерской модели и финансово-аналитической модели. Выявлены недостатки традиционного бухгалтерского подхода. Показана целесообразность применения в процессе моделирования финансовой стратегии развития принципиально новой аналитической концепции, направленной на оценку качества роста компании и его вклада в приращение стоимости компании.
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ КОНТРОЛЯ ЗА ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ЗАДАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫМИ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Authors: Головин Сергей Владимирович
Published: October 2019

Цель: сформулировать основные контрольные процедуры и методику осуществления контроля за выполнением государственного задания в государственных учреждениях. Обсуждение: виды услуг (работ), выдаваемые учреждению в качестве государственного задания, относятся к основным видам уставной деятельности. Фактически бюджетные и автономные учреждения оказывают государственные (бюджетные) услуги (выполняют работы), а казенные учреждения исполняют государственные функции. Контроль за выполнением государственного задания и правила его проведения в отношении подведомственных учреждений устанавливают исполнительные органы государственной власти, осуществляющие функции и полномочия учредителя в отношении данных учреждений [6,7]. Результаты: в статье представлены методические рекомендации по проведению контрольных мероприятий в части оценки выполнения государственным учреждением государственного задания, а также предложения по совершенствованию данного вида контроля. Перечислены ключевые риски.
БЮРОКРАТИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Смышляев Виктор Александрович , Яреско Ирина Ивановна
Published: October 2019

Цель: исследовать и уточнить экономическую сущность бюрократических барьеров, выявить основные факторы, влияющие на формирование бюрократических барьеров, и проанализировать их воздействие на процесс и темпы социально-экономического развития России. Обсуждение: рассмотрены основные теоретические положения о бюрократических барьерах, и показано их влияние на процесс и динамику социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации. Результаты: авторами уточнена и конкретизирована сущность и специфика бюрократических барьеров, показаны и охарактеризованы их виды, предложена классификация основных факторов, влияющих на формирование бюрократических барьеров.
АДАПТАЦИЯ ЛИНЕЙНОГО КЛЕТОЧНОГО АВТОМАТА ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ НА БАЗЕ ПРИРОДНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ВРЕМЕННЫХ РЯДОВ
Authors: Кумратова Альфира Менлигуловна , Попова Елена Витальева , Костенко Иван Викторович , Дунская Лада Константиновна
Published: October 2019

Цель: данная статья продолжает исследование по использованию математических методов нелинейной динамики при разработке и адаптации математических методов и прогнозных моделей для анализа временных рядов урожайностей озимой пшеницы регионов юга России. Обсуждение: в качестве инструментального средства рассматривается линейный клеточный аппарат, способный наглядно показать и наиболее точно спрогнозировать поведение наблюдаемой системы. Исследуются значения показателей урожайности озимой пшеницы регионов юга России. Выбор данных рядов обусловлен следующим фактом – каждый содержит разное количество статистических данных, причем некоторые из изученных рядов представляют малую выборку. В работе показано, что составление достаточно точного прогноза возможно на основе малого количества данных. Результаты: в данной статье раскрывается применимость для прогнозирования нелинейных динамических систем с помощью линейного клеточного автомата, ко- торый решает вопрос так называемых «малых выборок».
Bacterial Transformation v1
Authors: Mozaffari Dana , Kvedarauskaite Laura
Published: October 2019

This protocol explains how to transform a plasmid DNA template into competent bacterial cells which are then cultivated. The DNA is then purified from the cells using a miniprep kit. The competent cells used in this protocol come from the NEB®10-beta Competent E. coli kit. This protocol was adapted from the one provided with the cells.
Simplified knockdown bioassay to detect pyrethroid susceptibility of mosquitoes v1
Authors: Kawada Hitoshi
Published: October 2019

Using mosquito larvae obtained from the field, a simplified bioassay for the detection of knockdown susceptibility is carried out on the day of collection. Each larva is placed in a glass vial with of water. An emulsifiable concentrate of d-T80-allethrin was diluted with water to obtain a solution. After releasing the larva, or of the solution was added in each vial to obtain a concentration of or , respectively. Twenty larvae from each site were used for each concentration regime. Larval knockdown was observed for . Larvae that sank to the bottom of the glass vial and could not swim, float, or were paralyzed were judged as knocked down larvae, and the time to knockdown was recorded for each larva. The median knockdown times (KT50s), i.e., the time required for 50% knockdown, were scored according to the 6 following categories: 1, < 5 min; 2, 5–10 min; 3, 10–15 min; 4, 15–20 min; 5, 20–30 min; and 6, > 30 min. The susceptibility index was calculated as the product of the scores at and . Thus, mosquitoes with a susceptibility index of 1 were considered to be the most susceptible, and those with a susceptibility index of 36 were considered to be the least susceptible to d-allethrin.
Deconstructing eye gaze perception: Measuring visual perceptual precision and self-referential tendency using an online psychophysical gaze perception task v1
Authors: Mclaughlin Merranda
Published: October 2019

Gaze perception—the ability to accurately and efficiently discriminate others’ gaze directions—is critical to understanding others and functioning in a complex social world. Previous research shows that it is affected in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by social dysfunction, and understanding the cognitive processes giving rise to gaze perception would help advance mechanistic investigations of psychopathology. This study aims to validate a psychophysical gaze perception tas kwith which two key constituent cognitive components of gaze perception (visual perceptual precision and self-referential tendency) can be derived. Data collected from a large online sample showed moderate to good test-retest reliability for both gaze perception measures. Convergence validity was supported by correlations with social cognitive and psychological measures tapping into different aspects of understanding others. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that visual perceptual precision and self-referential tendency explained unique variance in social cognition, suggesting that they measure distinct constructs.Some sex differences were observed and discussed. Overall, this study found support for the reliability and validity of the gaze perception metrics derived using the Gaze Perception Task and the usefulness of the task for future psychopathology research.
Poly-Lysine Coverslip Preparation v1
Authors: Farris Franchesca , Jorgensen Marda
Published: October 2019

Poly-Lysine Coverslip Preparation This section describes the process of creating Poly-lysine-coated coverslips that are used for the tissue slices in the CODEX® experiment workflow.
FFPE Tissue Sectioning for Staining v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda
Published: October 2019

Method for sectioning paraffin blocks for staining
Impact of Brand Image on Car Buyers' Choice of Branded Products in High Risk Market
Authors: Ladipo P. , Akeke O.
Published: October 2019

The study seeks to investigate the impact of brand image on consumer choice of branded products in Nigeria automobile market, focusing on (belief, assessment and satisfaction) of measuring brand imag e. A sample of 400 respondents was selected using convenience sampling method in Surulere Local Government on the Mainland of Lagos State, Nigeria. Through a structured questionnaire, data were collected and with the help of SPSS, analysis was made using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the regression analysis revealed that all four null hypotheses tested were rejected, which shows that consumer choice of branded product to some extent depends on brand image.
Debatable Questions Concerning Cross	Cultural Researches on Effect of Literacy on Cognitive Development and the Concept of Sympractical Society
Authors: Ponomariov I.V.
Published: October 2019

In the polemic with the book by the leading Western cross_cultural psychologists S. Scribner and M. Cole The Psychology of Literacy the author verifies and clarifies the concept of sympractical society. The paper discusses the influence of literacy on cognitive processes development and the effectiveness of tests in investigating this influence. Along with reviewing main theoretical differences between the research conducted by S. Scribner and M. Cole and the Middle Asian research conducted by A.R. Luria in early 1930s, the author substantiates the heuristic notion of 'a dynamic system of meaning' proposed by L.S. Vygotsky and integrates it into the concept of sympractical society. The latter enables him to provide a fuller interpretation of the data included in The Psychology of Literacy within the framework of the cultural_historical theory.
The Concept of Machiavellianism: A Diversity of Approaches and Evaluations
Authors: Kalutskaya I.N. , Poddiakov A.N.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the ambiguity and contradictions of the term 'Machiavellianism' and its operationalization in concrete psychological researches. The concept is analysed in following aspects: a) the contradiction between the personality traits of Niccolo Machiavelli and the modern meaning of the concept 'Machiavellist'; b) the differences in understanding this concept between psychologists and ordinary people, as well as between psychologists themselves; c) the heterogeneity, overloading with different, often contradictory, psychological content of the statements in the MACHIV test, the most commonly used instrument for measuring a person's level of Machiavellianism. The authors point to the complexity of Machiavellianism as a psychological phenomenon as well as to the complexity and multidimensionality of human notions about it. The authors also propose a possible scheme for integrating psychological theories of Machiavellianism.
Exploring 'cev', 'bik', 'mur', and 'lag' in the New Millennium
Authors: Towsey P.M.
Published: October 2019

The research exercise on which this paper is based aimed to replicate use of the instrument («Vygotsky's Blocks») of Vygotsky and Sakharov in combination with the 22 wooden blocks and the later adaptations and scoring framework of Hanfmann and Kasanin. This procedure — the functional method of double stimulation — examined new concept formation from early childhood to adulthood (N=60 subjects, aged three to 7-6-years-old) to establish whether contemporary adults and children produced the same or similar patterns as those described by Vygotsky. The study found a developmental trend consistent with Vygotsky's writings on the ontogenesis of concept formation. The path from the syncretic, to the concrete and factual, to the intermediate phase before true conceptual thought becomes possible was reflected in a positive correlation between the age of the subjects and their modes of thinking. This verified Vygotsky's assertion that true conceptual thinking only becomes possible in adolescence. This study aimed to encourage further research with this procedure to confirm the trends found by this study and to validate the adapted scoring method of Hanfmann and Kasanin for the purposes of cross sectional use.
THE GENESIS OF EUTHANASIA IN EVOLUTION OF STATE AND LAW
Authors: Gabrieljans Armens
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to analyze the epistemological study of euthanasia, as well as provides the general description of euthanasia in the historical development of the country and legislation. Euthanasia being a socio-legal phenomenon has very ancient historical roots. However, euthanasia has been highlighted as a scientific research object only at the end of the nineteenth century; thus, euthanasia has been classified as an independent scientific approach. In the history of state and law attitude towards euthanasia phenomenon can be divided into four main periods which coincide with global stages in history of mankind. Each of these stages had specific traditions concerning the issue of this kind of ending one’s life.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL PRACTICE OF EUTHANASIA
Authors: Gabrieljans Armens
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to analyze the legal practice on killing of a person at his request. Nowadays euthanasia is one of the most controversial issue of national and international law. The international law does not have neither a clear name nor a clear attitude towards this phenomenon. However, many countries around the world discuss the issue of legalization of euthanasia, because the lack of legal practice leaves several issue unresolved.
DETENTION IN SECURITY GUARD ACTIVITIES – PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Makans Leonīds , Lācīte-Čakstiņa Agra
Published: October 2019

The article deals with some problems aroused in cases attached with detention realized by security guards, according to the Security Guard Activities Law. As far the Security Guard Activities Law determinates just a reasons for detention, but does not prescribes the procedure of detention, violationof human rights are very likely and takes place as well. Likewise, article shows common incidents of human rights violation. Article expires with offer to make amendments in Security Guard Activities Law in purpose to reduced possible violations of human rights in detention during everyday activities of security guards.
COMPLETION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST SEVERAL PERSONS IN A REASONABLE TERM
Authors: Baumanis Jānis
Published: October 2019

The author in his article analyses person’s rights to finalization of criminal proceedings within a reasonable period of time in case of criminal proceedings against several persons. In analysis the author provides an overview of legislation, regarding finalization of criminal proceedings within a reasonable period of time, reflects conclusions made, regarding the initial and final point of criminal proceedings within a reasonable period of time, provides a description of judicature, regarding finalization of criminal proceedings against several persons and points to the problems related to finalization of criminal proceedings against several persons within a reasonable period of time. In the end author concludes that as soon as there are few persons involved in criminal proceeding, who have right to defense, the provisions of Law on Criminal Proceedings become ineffective and constitute a menace to person’s rights to finalization of criminal proceedings within a reasonable period of time.
NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY STRATEGIES IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Dimitrova Sevdalina , Stoykov Stoyko , Kochev Yosif
Published: October 2019

Viens no priekšnoteikumiem Eiropas Savienības politikas stratēģijas izstrādāšanai un attīstīšanai kiberdrošības jomā ir vienota “kiberdrošības” jēdziena izpratne. Izpratnes vienotību apgrūtina šim jēdzienam atbilstošo drošības aspektu daudzšķautnība un plašā ietekme gan uz Eiropas Savienības iedzīvotājiem, gan dalībvalstu attiecībām. Raksta galvenā tēze ir saistīta ar to, ka kiberdrošības problēmas ir ne vien ļoti specifiskas, bet arī ārkārtēji nozīmīgas, tāpēc problēmu kiberdrošības jomā risināšanai ir nepieciešama aktīva valstu un starptautisko organizāciju sadarbība.
Classification of Local Seismic Events in the Utah Region: A Comparison of Amplitude Ratio Methods with a Spectrogram‐Based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Tibi Rigobert , Linville Lisa , Young Christopher , Brogan Ronald
Published: October 2019

The capability to discriminate low‐magnitude earthquakes from low‐yield anthropogenic sources, both detectable only at local distances, is of increasing interest to the event monitoring community. We used a dataset of seismic events in Utah recorded during a 14‐day period (1–14 January 2011) by the University of Utah Seismic Stations network to perform a comparative study of event classification at local scale using amplitude ratio (AR) methods and a machine learning (ML) approach. The event catalog consists of 7377 events with magnitudes MC ranging from −2 and lower up to 5.8. Events were subdivided into six populations based on location and source type: tectonic earthquakes (TEs), mining‐induced events (MIEs), and mining blasts from four known mines (WMB, SMB, LMB, and CQB). The AR approach jointly exploits Pg‐to‐Sg phase ARs and Rg‐to‐Sg spectral ARs in multivariate quadratic discriminant functions and was able to classify 370 events with high signal quality from the three groups with sufficient size (TE, MIE, and SMB). For that subset of the events, the method achieved success rates between about 80% and 90%. The ML approach used trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the populations. The CNN approach was able to classify the subset of events with accuracies between about 91% and 98%. Because the neural network approach does not have a minimum signal quality requirement, we applied it to the entire event catalog, including the abundant extremely low-magnitude events, and achieved accuracies of about 94%–100%. We compare the AR and ML methodologies using a broad set of criteria and conclude that a major advantage to ML methods is their robustness to low signal‐to‐noise ratio data, allowing them to classify significantly smaller events.
Parental Educational Attainment Differentially Boosts School Performance of American Adolescents; Minorities’ Diminished Returns
Authors: Assari Shervin , H. Caldwell Cleopatra
Published: October 2019

Objective: To explore racial and ethnic variation in the effects of parental educational attainment on students’ grade point average (GPA) in the US. As suggested by the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDR) theory, socioeconomic status (SES) systemically results in smaller outcomes for non-Whites compared to Whites. We still know very little about diminished trans-generational returns of SES resources such as parental educational attainment. For example, the differential impacts of parental educational attainment on school performance of youth from various racial and ethnic backgrounds are still unknown.
Materials and methods: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH 2013 - 2014) is a nationally representative survey in the US. The total sample was 10,701 youth (12-17 years old) were enrolled. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The main outcome was GPA measured using self-report. Age, gender, and parental marital status were the covariates. Race and ethnicity were the effect modifiers. Linear regression models were used to analyze the data.
Results: Overall, higher parental educational attainment was associated with a higher GPA, independent of all possible confounders. Race and ethnicity, however, both showed significant interaction with parental educational attainment on students’ GPA, indicating smaller positive effects of parental educational attainment on students’ GPA for Hispanic and Black compared to non-Hispanic White youth.
Conclusion: The boosting effect of parental educational attainment on GPA is smaller for Black and Hispanic compared to White youth. To minimize diminished returns of parental educational attainment for Black and Hispanic families, there is a need for innovative public and social policies and programs that are not limited to equalizing SES but also address the structural barriers that disproportionately limit upward social mobility of racial and ethnic minority students and their families. The US society should reduce extra costs of upward social mobility for racial and ethnic minority families. As the underlying mechanisms are multifaceted, multi-level approach is needed to undo minorities’ diminished returns, so every individual can gain the same tangible outcome from their SES resources.
Assessment of Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen in non-metastatic Prostate Cancerpatients: across-sectional study of the Sudanese Population
Authors: Hashim Mohammed Othman , Modawe Gad Allah , Ibrahim Ibrahim Khider
Published: October 2019

Backgrounds: VonWillebrand disease (VWD) is reportedly the most common inherited bleeding disorder and can also arise as an acquired syndrome (AVWS). These disorders arise due to defects and/or deficiency of the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF)..High plasma vWF concentrations have been reported in patients with various types of cancer, such as prostatic cancer.Metastasization may be associated with activation of haemostatic processes resulting in increased levels of circulating factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) (von Willebrand factor antigen).
Objective: To evaluate the status of VWF AginSudanese patients with Prostate Cancer attending RICK
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Khartoum state at Khartoum oncology (RICK) hospital, during the period from April to June 2018, 45 samples were collected from patients with non-metastatic CA prostate, their ages ranged between 51 to 82 years. The vWF level was measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS).
 
Results: Serology for vWF antigen was done for 45 cases of prostate cancer. According to the age, 2(8%) of patients with age 51-66 had a high concentration of VWF while 24(92%) had normal vWF antigen concentration; of those with age 67-82 years, 4(21%) had high vWF antigen and 15(79%) had normal antigen.
Conclusion: The study revealedthat more than 80% of Sudanese patients withnon-metastatic prostate cancer have anormal concentration of VWF.
Keywords: vWF, Prostate cancer, Age, ELISA
Hemogram abnormalities in apparently healthy first-time blood donors in Libreville, Gabon.
Authors: BISSEYE Cyrille , Mireille Ntsame Ndong Jophrette , Mombo Landry Erik , Minkoue Mambéri Hornéla Christine , Migolet Guy Mouelet , Taty-Taty Gemael Cedrick , Marius Nagalo Bolni
Published: October 2019

Background: The objective of this study was to determine complete blood count (CBC) abnormalities in Libreville blood donors to advocate for hemoglobin pre-donation implementation and to take into account CBC results in blood donation qualification.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 4573 blood donors in March 2016 and from January to April 2017. CBC was performed using SysmexXP-300TM hematology analyzer (SYSMEX Corporation, Kobe, Japan).
Results: Blood donors were predominantly males (83.7%) with an age ranging from 18 to 59 years. The abnormalities of leukocyte, platelet and erythrocyte counts were determined in blood donors. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were significantly more common in men than women (29.02% vs 24.4%, p = 0.011 and 16.2% vs 7.5%, p <0.001). Only 1.0% of women and 0.84% of men have leukocytosis, and 0.7% of women and 0.2% of men have thrombocytosis. Anemia was significantly more common in women compared to men (69.4% vs. 45.0%, P <0.001). Normocytic normochromic and normocytic hypochromic anemia were most common among Libreville blood donors with 39.4% and 23.6%; followed by microcytic normochromic (18.7%) and microcytic hypochromic (13.2%) anemia. Normocytic normochromic and normocytic hypochromic anemia were significantly more common in men than in women, whereas microcytic normochromic anemia was more prevalent among women compared to men (34.6% vs. 13.9%, p <0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study clearly show the need to perform a pre-donation hemoglobin test in blood donors and to take into account their hemogram in the blood donation selection process at the Libreville National Blood Transfusion Center.
Keywords: Hemogram, Anemia, Blood Donors, Libreville, Gabon.