bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collagen Biochemistry of the two Layers of Carious Dentin
Authors: Kuboki Yoshinori , Ohgushi Kantaro , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

Carious dentin consists of a superficial first layer and a deeper second layer. Chromatographically compared with sound dentin, the second layer showed a change in the cross-linkage of collagen with cross links partly shifting to precursors. In contrast, the first layer showed virtual disappearance of cross links indicating irreversible denaturation of collagen.
Properties and Distribution of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase in Rabbit Dental Pulp
Authors: Furuyama Shunsuke , Mitsuma Masae , Doi Noriko , Sugiya Hiroshi , Oyama Susumu
Published: November 2010

Some properties and the intracellular distribution of inorganic pyrophosphatase in rabbit dental pulp were determined. This enzyme was sensitive to Mg2+, and not inhibited by imidazol and CN- which are inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. Inorganic pyrophosphatase was found predominantly in the supernatant fraction.
Influence of Various Inhibitors on Alkaline Phosphatase in Calcifying Hamster Molars, Employing Paranitrophenyl Phosphate as Substrate
Authors: Wöltgens J.H.M.
Published: November 2010

In mineralizing hamster molars, the influence of several inhibitors on p-NPP-ase has been demonstrated, and compared with their effect on PPi-ase, known to belong to the same enzyme. Whereas the latter activity is much more physiological, p-NPP is a better substrate to distinguish between the effects of bivalent cations on the enzyme or the substrate.
Clinical and Materials Sciences
Authors: Standlee J.P. , Caputo A.A. , Ralph J.P.
Published: November 2010

A human mandible was duplicated in birefringent resin. The distribution and effect of occlusal forces within the mandible was demonstrated utilizing birefringent resin models compared to natural specimens. The results of this study reinforce those theories that assign function a major role in bone remodeling in the mandible. Further, the condyle is seen to be a stress-bearing structure.
Thermal Stimulation of the Oral Mucosa and Nasal Airway Resistance
Authors: Martin John S. , Tansy Martin F.
Published: November 2010

A procedure for measuring nasal airway resistance using posterior rhinorheotnetry is descrihed. Baseline nasal airway resistances ± 1 S.D. at an airflow of 0.5 L/sec were found to be 1.077 ± 0.683 cm H2O for inhalation and 1.359 ± 0.792 cm H 2O for exhalation. Application of either cold water (4 to 6 C) or warm water (44 to 52 C) to the oral mucosa significantly increased nasal airway resistance. Application of tepid water (26 to 28 C) did not alter nasal airway resistance significantly.
Colored Emission of Rare Earth Ions in a Potassium Feldspar Glass
Authors: Baran G.R. , O'Brien W.J. , Tien T.Y.
Published: November 2010

The viability of rare earth ions as fluorescent coloring additives for dental porcelain was investigated. The data presented allow the formulation of porcelain with specific color properties under illumination by ultraviolet light. Attention is drawn to the possibility of energy transfer occurring with the result that prediction of color may not be done by application of the additive color-mixing scheme.
Parameters that Affect the Color of Denture Resins
Authors: Powers John M. , Lepeak Patrick J.
Published: November 2010

The effect of specular reflection, background color and specimen thickness on the color of four commercial denture resins was studied by reflection spectrophotometry. Higher values of luminous reflectance and excitation purity were obtained with a white than with a black background, whereas dominant wavelength was lowered slightly.
The Effect of Disaccharides on the Plaque-Forming Potential of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Balekjian Aram Y. , Longton R.W. , Cole J.S. , Guidry M.S.
Published: November 2010

The comparative and combined effects of sucrose, maltose, and lactose as factors on the plaque-forming potential of Streptococcus mutans were assessed. With increasing additions of maltose to sucrose-supplemented medium there was decreasing plaque formation. Lactose additions slightly increased plaque formation, but when combined with maltose they significantly enhanced the maltose inhibition of plaque formation.
Mastication and Maturity: A Longitudinal Study in Pigs
Authors: Herring Susan W.
Published: November 2010

The electromyography af mastication was studied longitudinally in miniature pigs, and the effects of age and food type were assessed. Within-individual variation was large relative to between-individual variation. Duration of chewing strokes increased with age and with more resistant foods. The results are compared with data on human beings and other animals.
Lidocaine's Influence on the Accumulation and Depletion Rates of Mouse Brain Amines
Authors: Ciarlone Alfred E. , Smudski James W.
Published: November 2010

Mouse brain was analyzed for serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Pargyline plus lidocaine treatment caused an increased accumulation rate of serotonin over one hour compared to pargyline controls. α Methyl-p-tyrosine plus lidocaine treatment caused a decreased depletion rate of dopamine over four hours compared to rates of α methyl-p-tyrosine controls, and no difference for norepinephrine.
Histologic Effect of Fractionated Doses of Selectively Applied 60Co Irradiation on the Teeth of Albino Rats
Authors: Sweeney W. Timothy , Elzay Richard P. , Levitt Seymour H.
Published: November 2010

This study compares the effects of fractionated 2400, 4800 and 7200 rad doses of Co-60 irradiation on the formed and developing teeth of the rats. The 7200 rad dosage was found to cause damage to both odontoblasts and ameloblasts of developing incisors but to spare previously formed molars.
The Intraosseous Orientation of the Alveolar Component of Marmoset Alveolodental Fibers
Authors: Bernick S. , Levy B.M. , Dreizen S. , Grant D.A.
Published: November 2010

Sections of the jaws from marmosets of all ages were impregnated with silver nitrate to demonstrate the intrabony course of the alveolar fibers of the periodontal ligament. As the interseptal bone undergoes a period of resorption and apposition, the intrabony alveolar fibers also are lost and reformed. Age changes were noted in the insertion depth of the alveolar fibers. A continuum of fibers traversing the alveolar septum could not be determined.
Canine Transposition as Autosomal Recessive Trait in an Inbred Kindred
Authors: Feichtinger CH , Rossiwall B. , Wunderer H.
Published: November 2010

Three cases of bilateral transposition of maxillary canines with premolars were observed among eight siblings. Investigation of the sibship revealed consanguinity of the parents (cousins twice removed). Analysis of the extensive pedigree showed an hereditary pattern typical of autosomal recessive traits.
Determination of Phase Transitions in Gutta-Percha by Differential Thermal Analysis
Authors: Rootare Hillar M. , Powers John M.
Published: November 2010

Pure gutta-percha was heat-treated in a differential thermal analyzer. The high melting form crystallized on cooling when gutta-percha was heated to 70 C or less. Above 74 C, crystallization into the low melting form predominated. Either polymorph can be selectively crystallized by control of the heat-treatment temperature before cooling.
Creep Versus Microstructure of γ2-Containing Amalgams
Authors: Mahler David B. , Adey Jerome D. , Marantz Richard L.
Published: November 2010

An analysis of the relationship between creep and microstructural characteristics of several γ 2 -containing amalgams showed the grain size of the Ag-Hg phase (γ1 ) to be a predominant factor influencing creep. When γ1 grain size is increased, creep is reduced.
Fluoride Levels in Human Parotid Saliva Following Ingestion of Fluoride Compounds of Varying Solubility
Authors: Shannon Ira L. , Edmonds Eleanor J.
Published: November 2010

Healthy dental students received oral doses of 10.0 mg F daily in the form of compounds of widely varying solubilities. Parotid saliva F concentration and urinary F excretion were highest with NaF, Na2 PO3 F, and SnF2 , lowest with CaF2 , and intermediate with AlF3 . Solubility of the ingested fluoride compound was a controlling factor in the amount of F excreted in the urine, the peak F concentration reached in parotid saliva, and the duration of a significant elevation in salivary F.
In Vitro Studies of the Phenomenon of Tetracycline Incorporation into Enamel
Authors: Lambrou D.B. , Tahos B.S. , Lambrou K.D.
Published: November 2010

Incorporation of tetracycline into dental enamel was studied by exposing presoftened enamel slabs to tetracycline-containing mineralizing solutions. Tetracycline was incorporated only when remineralization (assessed by hardness) occurred and the experimental conditions favored the formation of a soluble tetracycline-Ca complex. The fluorescence induced by tetracycline incorporation into the enamel slabs was comparable to that reported under in vivo conditions.
Effects of Hibernation on Interradicular Alveolar Bone
Authors: Haller Ann C. , Zimny Marilyn L.
Published: November 2010

The interradicular alveolar bones of the nonhibernating and hibernating ground squirrels were compared using laght and transmission electron microscopy. During hibernation changes occurring in the bone suggest osteocytic osteolysis. Minerals may be mobilized from bone for utilization elsewhere in the body to maintain a minimal metabolic level for surtival.
Antibacterial Effect of Salivary Peroxidases on a Cariogenic Strain of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Tenovuo Jorma , Knuuttila Matti L.E.
Published: November 2010

The antibacterial effect of purified human salivary lactoperoxidase on a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans was demonstrated while another oral peroxidase, probably of leukocytic origin, did not affect the growth. Lactoperoxidase was rapidly adsorbed by bacterial cells indicating the necessity of the contact between the enzyme and the cells before inhibition.
Fracture Studies of Adhesion
Authors: Rasmussen Stephen T.
Published: November 2010

Controlled fracture techniques were successfully applied to the study of adhesion. A new parameter, interfacial work of fracture (Wi), was defined and measured for porcelain-gold specimens and for enamel-composite specimens. Wi measurements coupled with factographs indicated that a "highly etched" enamel surface may not give the strongest bond.
Comparison of P with Ca Distribution in Developing Rat Molar Enamel In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Wennberg Alf , Bawden James W.
Published: November 2010

The distribution of 45Ca and 33P in developing rat molar enamel has been studied using freeze sectioning and autoradiographic methods. The distribution patterns of the two tracers in vivo were dissimilar. The use of in vitro methods showed that flux of 33P into enamel is not influenced by the cells of the enamel organ. It is suggested that the factors controlling movement of calcium and phosphorus into mineralizing enamel may be similar to those proposed for bone.
Isolation and Characterization of Epithelial and Connective Tissue Cells from Rat Palate
Authors: Terranova Victor P. , Brand John S.
Published: November 2010

Epithelial and connective tissue cells were isolated from rat palate by sequential enzymatic digestion. Differences between the two populations were noted with respect to proline uptake and incorporation, % collagen synthesized, effects of parathyroid hormone and metabolism of D-valine. From these studies it can be concluded that the cell populations are viable and distinct with respect to the biochemical parameters examined.
The Seeded Growth of Calcium Phosphates. The Kinetics of Growth of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate on Enamel, Dentin, and Calculus
Authors: Barone Joseph P. , Nancollas George H.
Published: November 2010

The kinetics of growth of calcium phosphates on synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP), human enamel, whole dentin, and human calculus has been studied at 37 C at pH values from 4.97 to 5.10 held constant by the pH-stat addition of base. Following an initial induction period, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystallization takes place on the surface of these solids in all cases, even though the solutions are highly supersaturated with respect to HAP. The second order crystal growth kinetics are characteristic of the crystallization of DCPD on pure DCPD seed material. The ability of the substrate surfaces to nucleate DCPD falls in the order, synthetic HAP > enamel > calculus > dentin. Nucleation of DCPD, which is completed during the initial induction period, is very sensitive to small changes in pH, from 4.99 to 5.10.
Clinical and Materials Sciences
Authors: Brännström Martin , Nordenvall Karl Johan
Published: November 2010

The sealing properties of resin-composite resin material applied to acid-etched cavities and adjacent enamel were studied in 40 contralateral tooth pairs. This treatment was found to reduce considerably the risk of ingrowth of microorganisms from the surface of the tooth. The resin material did not have any appreciable irritative effect on the pulp; the same was true for the etching procedure. Etching of lateral enamel walls and margins with an acid gel after the application of a liner on dentinal walls was considered to be the procedure recommended before the application of the combination of unfilled resin and composite resin.
Electrical Resistance Correlation with Tactile Examination on Occlusal Surfaces
Authors: Williams David L. , Tsamtsouris Anthi , White George E.
Published: November 2010

Electrical resistance of the tooth was measured through the dental pulp by a relatively simple method. The primary resistance is in the enamel, and the total resistance drops severalfold as dental caries develop. This resistance has been measured on the occlusal surfaces of 122 teeth of children. The differences between explorer categories showed statistically different resistance values (P > 0.9995, excluding the offscale sound-tooth category). After 3 to 4 months, 9 of the 32 teeth of the incipient caries category became obviously carious, while none of the caries-free teeth became carious.
The Sensory Mechanism in Human Dentin as Revealed by Evaporation and Mechanical Removal of Dentin
Authors: Brännström M. , Johnson G.
Published: November 2010

Dentinal pain in connection with mechanical stimulation i.e. probing, chiseling and initial drilling may be due to removal of fluid from the dentinal tubules. Loss of fluid due to "normal" evaporation from exposed dentin may produce an outward flow in the dentinal tubules rapid enough to cause pain and within a few minutes odontoblast aspiration.
Dental Instrument Sterilization by Glass Bead Conduction of Heat
Authors: Grossman Louis I.
Published: November 2010

Long handle dental instruments were inoculated with oral organisms or with B subtilis and immersed in a glass bead sterilizer at 400 F (204 C). It required from 12 to 14 minutes to sterilize the instruments at that temperature.
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Dentin Permeability: Changes Produced by Iontophoresis
Authors: Pashley D.H. , Livingston M.J. , Outhwaite W.C.
Published: November 2010

Iontophoretic currents (0-1.0 mA) were applied to dentin disks prepared from human third molars. A negative electrode increased 125I-permeation 10X, while a positive electrode increased 14C-lidocaine 8X. Iontophoresis appears promising as a method to increase the permeation of dentin by ionized substances of therapeutic interest.
Clinical and Materials Sciences
Authors: Ørstavik D. , Hensten-Pettersen A.
Published: November 2010

The antibacterial activity of dental restorative materials (12 resin based and one silicate) was tested in vitro against 5 species of bacteria. When fresh, all materials inhibited growth in pour plates of at least one bacterial strain. After storage in saline for 24 hours, the antibacterial activity was markedly reduced. There was a wide variation among the materials in the extent of their antibacterial activity. The bacterial strains apparently differed in their susceptibility to the antibacterial activity of the materials.
Effects of an Antiseptic Mouthwash on Odorigenic Microbes in the Human Gingival Crevice
Authors: Pianotti Roland , Pitts Gary
Published: November 2010

Odorigenic gram-negative anaerobes in human gingival crevices were significantly decreased for up to 120 minutes after rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash. This observation parallels clinical measurements of the antiseptic effect on oral malodor and suggests that its odor-decreasing properties are related to its antimicrobial action in the mouth.
Adhesive Bonding of Various Materials to Hard Tooth Tissues. XV. Neutron Activation Analysis of Dentin Sorption of Mordant Salts
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Mcclendon L.T. , Gills T.E.
Published: November 2010

Five metallic chlorides were compared simultaneously, with regard to their interaction with dentin surfaces. Neutron activation analysis was used to measure the quantities absorbed. Each metal was bound by dentin to some extent during a 60-second exposure, and was not removed during a 20-second rinse with distilled water. Quantitatively, the gram-atom amounts of ions sorbed increased in the order Co < Al < Zn ∼ Cu < Fe. These mordant salts warrant further study as a possible means of improving adhesive bonding between dental resins (via polyfunctional surface-active comonomers) and dentin.
Transmembrane Potentials of Osteoblasts
Authors: Jeansonne B.G. , Feagin F.F. , Shoemaker R.L. , Rehm W.S.
Published: November 2010

Transmembrane potentials were recorded in situ from osteoblasts on the parietal bones of albino rat pups, 3 to 24 days of age. Osteoblasts exhibit a uniquely low polarization of their cell membranes (3.93 mV, inside negative). Osteoblasts respond rapidly, but transiently, to parathyroid hormone by depolarization, and to thyrocalcitonin by hyperpolarization.
Diet-Induced Arteriopathies in the Rabbit Aorta and Oral Vasculature
Authors: Dreizen Samuel , Stern Michael H. , Levy Barnet M.
Published: November 2010

Advanced athersoclerosis in the form of fibro-fatty intimal plaques has been produced in the rabbit aorta and oral vasculature (labial, lingual, gingival, palatal, periodontal and alveolar arteries) by dietary means. The animals were fed a hypercholesteremic diet and a normocholesteremic diet on alternate months for two years. In the aorta and in many of the oral vessels, the formation of the intimal atheromas was paralleled by a degeneration of the tunica media. The lingual arteries rivaled the aorta and coronary arteries in vulnerability to the diet-induced arteriopathies.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Periodontal Dressings
Authors: Haugen Ellen , Hensten-Pettersen Arne
Published: November 2010

The cytotoxicity of three periodontal dressings was evaluated by two in vitro cell culture techniques. Fresh and stored materials were found to be cytotoxic by both techniques and it appeared that the mechanism of cytotoxicity was different for the three dressing materials tested.
Dental Porcelain/Ni Alloy Interface Reactions and Their Effective Prevention
Authors: Peter Williams T.R. , Winchell P.G. , Phillips R.W.
Published: November 2010

In a Be-bearing Ni alloy porcelainized without preoxidation, Be diffuses to the interface, oxidizes, and oxygen is supplied by the atmosphere at the porcelain surface and by reduction of SiO2at the porcelain-alloy interface. On the alloy side of the interface, pits develop locally and near them Ni and Cr oxidize. In the oxide, Ni and Si are reduced to form nickel silicides. Preoxidation of the alloy prevents Be oxidation and Si reduction for several hours of porcelainization.
Properties of Sealants Containing Bis-GMA and Various Diluents
Authors: Brauer G.M.
Published: November 2010

Properties of commercial and a series of experimental pit and fissure sealants, based on Bis-GMA were determined using rapid test procedures. By proper selection of monomeric diluent and addition of a photocrosslinking agent, the characteristics of sealant formulations can be varied widely.
The Determination of Antibody to Streptococcus mutans Serotypes in Saliva for Children Ages 3 to 7 Years
Authors: Everhart D.L. , Rothenberg K. , Carter W.H. , Klapper B.
Published: November 2010

The saliva of 29 children ages 3 to 7 years was followed by indirect immunofluorescence to determine the antibody reacting with the 5 different serotypes of S mutans. Fluorescent antisera specific for α chain and γ chain were used. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated a significant negative correlation between antibody of immunoglobulin class (IgA) to S mutans type b and the decayed, extracted, and filled surfaces of deciduous teeth.
Characterization of Bacterionema matruchotii Calcification Nucleator
Authors: Ennever J. , Riggan L.J. , Vogel J.J. , Boyan-Salyers B.
Published: November 2010

The nucleator of Bacterionema matruchotii calcification was characterized. Parameters examined were: proteolipid purity and singularity, amino acid composition and relative polarity, phospholipid composition, apoprotein homogeneity, essentiality of the complex for nucleation, and ordered structure. The data fulfill a requirement for comparisons among apatite-nucleating proteolipids.
The Use of Film Thickness to Measure Working Time of Zinc Phosphate Cements
Authors: Windeler A. Stewart
Published: November 2010

A method is proposed to quantify the working time of zinc phosphate cement based on sequential measurement of viscosity. The method was used to measure the extension of working time resulting from reduced mixing temperatures. Premixing small amounts of powder prior to standard mix was shown to be ineffective at extending working time. The addition of water to the cement was shown not to affect working time but did decrease the setting time of the cement.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of a Class I Amalgam Restoration Subjected to Setting and Thermal Expansion
Authors: Wright K.W.J. , Yettram A.L.
Published: November 2010

Stress analyses are presented for a second mandibular premolar with a class 1 amalgam restoration. The effects of amalgam setting and thermal expansions are examined. An axisymmetric representation of the structure is used and the analyses are carried out by the finite element method. Lined and unlined restorations are compared with regard to the principal stresses set up in the composite structures and also the patterns of deformation incurred. The effects of various enamel and dentin stiffness combinations are also considered.
The Growth of Calcium Phosphates on Hydroxyapatite Crystals. The Effect of Fluoride and Phosphonate
Authors: Barone J.P. , Nancollas G.H.
Published: November 2010

The nature of the calcium phosphate phase which precipitates on hydroxyapatite seed crystals can be controlled by varying the HAP seed concentration. At low seed concentrations, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) is formed while at high seed levels a more basic phase precipitates. It has been found that fluoride ion increases the percentage of basic phase that crystallizes while ethylidenediphosphonic acid encourages the formation of DCPD. This behavior is explained by the competition between the nucleation of DCPD and the crystal growth on sites already present on the HAP seeds.
Effect of Temperature of SnF Solution on Tin and Fluoride Uptake by Bovine Enamel
Authors: Putt Mark S. , Beltz John F. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

The tin and fluoride concentrations in surface layers of intact enamel specimens were analytically determined after treatment with 8% SnF2 solutions at temperatures of 25, 45, 65, and 85 C. Significant increases in fluoride uptake and particularly tin uptake in enamel correlated directly with the temperature of the SnF 2 treatment.
The Metal Oxide/Eugenol Cements. II. A Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometric Study of the Setting of Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Cements
Authors: Douglas W.H.
Published: November 2010

In a continuing study, spectrophotometry has been used to study the diffuse reflectance of the setting of ZnO and MgO cements.
Observations on Dental Caries in Primary Teeth After Frequent Fluoride Toplications in a Program Involving Other Preventives
Authors: Englander Harold R. , Mellberg James R. , Engler William O.
Published: November 2010

The anticaries effect of repeated toplications with APF gel was assessed in the primary dentition of 2-6-year-olds after 8, 18 and 28 months. Frequent, but less than daily, topical fluoride therapy appeared to have little effect in pre-school children consuming water-borne fluoride and receiving other traditionally recommended modalities of prevention.
Dentin Permeability: A Comparison of Functional Versus Anatomical Tubular Radii
Authors: Michelich Virginia , Pashley David H. , Whitford Gary M.
Published: November 2010

Two independent techniques (filtration and surface tension) were developed to measure the functional tubular radii of 11 dentin and 2 glass discs. Anatomic radii were determined using SEM for comparative purposes. The functional radii of the dentin discs ranged from 5 to 40% of the anatomic radii. This difference was due to the fact that SEM visualizes only the surface while the functional techniques measure the radii within dentin tubules. It is concluded that the functional methods are preferred whenever the dynamics of fluid flow through dentin are under consideration.
The Sensitizing Potential of Periodontal Dressings
Authors: Haugen Ellen , Hensten-Pettersen Arne
Published: November 2010

The sensitizing potential of three periodontal dressing materials was evaluated by the guinea pig maximization test. The results indicated a difference in the sensitization rate of the three materials.
Luminescence Spectra of Dental Porcelains
Authors: Wozniak W.T. , Moore B.K.
Published: November 2010

The luminescence spectra were obtained for a series of porcelain teeth and powders currently used in this country. Comparison was made between the spectra of these materials and the spectra of plastic teeth and natural tooth structures. It was found that many of the porcelain teeth and powders have strikingly different luminescence characteristics than those of natural teeth.
Serological Properties of Streptococcus mutans from Humans and Some Animals
Authors: Sato Makoto
Published: November 2010

The development of a simple but reliable diagnostic method of identifying and grouping S. mutans was undertaken. There were three specific antigens of S. mutans, and the slide agglutination test was found to be a good method using three specific antisera. The distribution of S. mutans groups in the Japanese and some animals was studied.
Clinical, Radiographical, and Histological Evaluation of Porous Rooted Polymethylmethacrylate Dental Implants
Authors: Peterson Larry J. , Pennel Billy M. , Mckinney Ralph V. , Klawitter Jerome J. , Weinstein Allan M.
Published: November 2010

Forty-three porous rooted polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dental implants were inserted into twenty-four dogs. Successful implants were maintained for up to three years. Histological sections with the implants in situ of implants revealed a soft tissue-implant interface similar to natural teeth. Bone and fibrous tissue ingrowth into the pores attached the implant to the bone. Failures were attrabuted to mechanical weakness of the implant, thin buccal cortical bone, and excessive implant-gingiva interface.
Crown Size-Arch Space Relationships During Human Prenatal Dental Development
Authors: Garn S.M. , Burdi A.R. , Babler W.J. , Asp R.
Published: November 2010

As shown in composite reconstructions made from optically-projected measurements of 10μ frontal maxillofacial sections of 20 histologically normal fetuses and embryos in the 70-255 mm CRL range, individual differences in relative tooth size and interdental spacing are evident by 10.5-11 weeks of gestation, and age-corrected crown-size correlations (r=0.40) approximate those in postnatal life. Despite an eight-fold increase in crown dimensions, interdental spacing remains approximately constant after 150 mm CRL, suggesting that the tooth organs or the periodontal membranes are able to maintain spacing, into the third trimester.
Effects of the Interpolated Vibratory Stimulation on the Interdental Dimension Discrimination in Normal and Joint Defect Subjects
Authors: Morimoto T. , Ozaki M. , Yoshimura Y. , Kawamura Y.
Published: November 2010

No significant differences in the interdental dimension discrimination (IDD) ability were found between normal and joint defect subjects. Furthermore, vibration onto the mandible gave similar effects on the nature of IDD in both subject groups. Thus, the muscle spindles of masticatory muscles may contribute to IDD, but temporomandibular receptors may not.
Potential Sweep and Intensiostatic Pulse Studies of Sn, Sng Hg and Dental Amalgam in Chloride Solution
Authors: Do Duc H. , Tissot P. , Meyer J.-M.
Published: November 2010

The anodic behavior of the Sn, the Sn8Hg (γ2) phase and the dental amalgam in a chloride solution has been investigated by means of the linear potential sweep and of the intensiostatic pulse method. The results indicate that anodic current varies with chloride concentration and that dissolution occurs prior to passivation of the electrode. The anodic charge needed for the passivation is smallest for the dental amalgam.
A Method for Assessing the Relative Abrasion of Prophylaxis Materials
Authors: Stookey George K. , Schemehorn Bruce R.
Published: November 2010

A method for assessing the relative abrasion of prophylaxis materials is described. The method utilizes irradiated human enamel and dentin specimens, and treatments are performed using a simulated prophylaxis procedure. Results obtained with this method indicate that variations in treatment time, load, and cup speed may influence the relative abrasion.
Frozen Ultrathin-Sections for X-Ray Microanalysis of Rat Tooth Germs
Authors: Ozawa H. , Yamamoto T. , Yamada M. , Uchida T.
Published: November 2010

In order to detect the precise location and pathways of calcium in the ameloblastic layer with EM and EDX, frozen ultrathin-sections, potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) method and 45Ca-autoradiography (A,R) were employed, A population of dense granules containing Ca and P was mainly observed within the nucleiand mitochrondria of the frozen-sectioned ameloblasts, whereas PPA -reaction was seen not only within them but in ER, Golgi vesicles and intercellular spaces, No granules were found at the enamel matrix by both methods, but peaks for Ca and P were distinct. Silver grains of 45Ca-A.R were located in nuclei, mitochondria, Golgi complex and intereellular spaces, These results indicate that calcium can transport across the ameloblastic layer through two main pathways, extracellular and transcellular.
The Effect of Tablets Composed of Various Mixtures of Sugar Alcohols and Sugars Upon Plaque pH in Children
Authors: Kleber Carl J. , Schimmele Ralph G. , Putt Mark S. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

Changes in plaque pH were examined following ingestion of tablets composed of sorbitol (S) or xylitol (X) combined with various levels of dextrose (D), fructose (F), or sucrose (U). Pure S and X tablets caused a slight pH rise. The 3:1 ratios of S :D, S :F, X:D, and X:F caused slight lowerings to plaque pH means of 6.3, 6.8, 6.7, and 6.7, respectively, while 3:1 S: U caused the pH to drop to 5.6. All the 1 :1, 1:3 and 0:1 ratios caused large drops in plaque pH.
Structural and Histochemical Observations of Fluorotic Enamel Matrix
Authors: Triller M.
Published: November 2010

The matrix of fluorotic enamel is studied by S.E.M. and histochemically by light microscopy. Observations are made on fluorotic human teeth and on rat incisors in which fluorosis has been produced by daily injections of NaF. The enamel sheaths appear enlarged and irregular, rich in stainable proteins, while glycocomponents of the matrix are less dense. A relationship is suggested between those alterations and the further irregular pattern of mineralization of fluorotic enamel.
Tooth Enamel: Current State of the Art
Authors: Frank R.M.
Published: November 2010

Important progress has been made relative to the growth, structure and function of enamel. Better understanding of the epithelial mesenchymal interactions during odontogenesis has been gained through tissue culture, and the predominant role of the dental papilla has been established. Differences between rodent and human amelogenesis have been demonstrated. With radioautography and cytochemistry, a significant amount of new information has been obtained on the metabolism of the ameloblasts, concerning the synthesis of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans, as well as calcium transport. Numerous biochemical investigations have been devoted to developing and mature enamel matrix. The organic components of human adult enamel are mainly constituted of lipids and proteins, but further investigations are still needed to elucidate their precise nature. The so-called key-hole configuration of adult enamel can be questioned when amelogenesis is considered since the tissue does not develop in a prismatic head-tail fashion. The most important results have probably been obtained in the field of individual enamel apatite crystals shape and ultrastructure as well as in the description of the precise patterns of their carious dissolution which bears great similarities to the dissolution of synthetic apatites in acids.
Changes of Serological Activity by α-L-Fucosidase Isolated from Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557
Authors: Shizukuishi S. , Taniguchi T. , Shibata S. , Nakamura R. , Tsunemitsu A. , Uesugi Y.
Published: November 2010

a-L-Fucosidase isolated from the growth culture of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557 acted on H- and Leb-blood group substances in porcine gastric lining, human gastric lining, human ovarian cyst fluid and human whole saliva, with consequent loss of H- and Leb -activities and a concomitant increase of Lea activity.
Ameloblasts — Ion Transport Function
Authors: Bawden J.W. , Wennberg A.
Published: November 2010

Recent autoradiographic and in vitro studies have produced evidence that the cells of the enamel organ limit the movement of calcium into enamel during the matrix secretion phase, but have no effect on movement of calcium during the maturation phase. The cells of the enamel organ do not seem to control the flux of phosphorus into enamel at either phase of development. This concept is consistent with current theories on the control of ion fluxes into developing bone.
Amelogenesis In Vitro
Authors: Slavkin H.C.
Published: November 2010

The processes by which diversity is acquired and maintained during embryogenesis have been repeatedly described but are as yet not understood. One fascinating example of diversity following gastrulation is epidermal organogenesis and in particular embryonic tooth morphogenesis. Tooth morphogenesis in situ and in vitro encompasses such interesting developmental problems as epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, cytodifferentiation, dentine and enamel extracellular matrix production, mineralization, issues of form and enamel maturation. In vitro methods provide access to many of these problem areas. This presentation will review selected issues related to amelogenesis in vitro and will emphasize avenues for future research.
Dynamics of Enamel Formation in the Rat Incisor Tooth
Authors: Leblond C.P. , Warshawsky H.
Published: November 2010

Enamel formation was reviewed by morphology and radioautography in rat incisors. Labeled amino acids and sugars were used as matrix precursors whereas labeled calcium monitored mineral deposition. All ameloblasts synthesize organic material, but only cells in the zone of secretion release labeled matrix. The pattern of matrix deposition indicates that enamel rods are elaborated by Tomes' processes within cavities formed by interrod partitions. The latter are elaborated by cytoplasmic projections from adjacent ameloblasts. Initially - labeled matrix is added as a band near the cells. With time the label randomizes throughout the entire immature enamel and most of it is lost in the zone of maturation. However, a glycoprotein component attributed to remnants of Tomes' process membrane persists in mature enamel. Labeled calcium is incorporated into crystals which grow at a uniform rate throughout the entire layer of enamel in the zone of secretion and up to the middle of the zone of maturation. The ribbon-like crystals are built close to the cell membrane and elongate as the cell recedes. Crystal elongation occurs in the same location as new matrix is deposited; that is, rod crystals are related to Tomes' processes and interrod crystals, to cytoplasmic projections. The crystals grow to full size mainly by thickening and this growth presumably displaces the organic matrix.
"Proenamel → Enamel → Polypeptides": A Concept
Authors: Chrispens J. , Weliky B. , Bringas P. , Slavkin H.
Published: November 2010

Our laboratory is interested in determining the number of enamel protein gene products which characterize the ameloblast phenotype, and to what extent these proteins are degraded as a function of enamel maturation. Many investigators have reported a large number of heterogeneous proteins within the enamel matrix (Eggert, Allen and Burgess, 1973; Weidmann and Eyre, 1971). One explanation for this apparent heterogeneity may be the uncertain age of the analyzed enamel matrix; specimens may have undergone degradative processes associated with enamel maturation. To overcome this difficulty, our laboratory selected 26-day embryonic New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit incisor and molar tooth organs to isolate enamel protein(s). At this developmental stage it is possible to identify newly-secreted enamel matrix proteins.
Enamel Matrix Proteins in Normal and Abnormal Amelogenesis
Authors: Everett M.M. , Miller W.A.
Published: November 2010

Histochemical techniques have been used to study three stages of enamel maturation in normal (fetal calf, newborn human, adult human) and abnormal amelogenesis (odontodysplasia, fluorosis, a compound-complex odontome, and an invaginated odontome). The amount of Type I matrix secreted decreases as amelogenesis progresses. Pockets of Type II matrix may be left at the dentino-enamel junction after maturation of enamel to Type III. Fluorosed enamel contains pockets which may extend the width of the enamel. All stages of enamel maturation may be seen in the compound-complex odontoma.
The Effectiveness of Dental Floss in Reducing Gingival Inflammation
Authors: Finkelstein Paul , Grossman Eli
Published: November 2010

Unwaxed and waxed dental floss were clinically evaluated for effectiveness in reducing gingival inflammation. Two different scoring methods were employed. Both types of floss, when administered by a dental hygienist, were very effective, but no significant differences between them could be found. Both scoring methods led to the same conclusions, but one was more sensitive and provided more detailed information.
Analysis of the Iraqi Dentition: Mesiodistal Crown Diameters of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Ghose Leonora J. , Baghdady Virgin S.
Published: November 2010

Plaster casts of the permanent dentition of 161 Iraqis were subjected to odontometric analysis. Sex dimorphism was clear in all teeth, the highest being in the canines and lower first molar. Comparisons of the Iraqi dentition with similar population groups were made.
Biological Evaluation on Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Kawahara Haruyuki , Imanishi Yoshitsugu , Oshima Hiroshi
Published: November 2010

Biological properties of a new dental cement of glass ionomer cement were compared with other types of conventional cement. The biological test was carried out by tissue culture method and animal examination. The culture cells showed weaker reaction to the glass ionomer cement than zinc oxide-eugenol or polycarboxylate cement. Pulp tissue reaction showed no significant difference between glass ionomer and zinc oxide-eugenol cement from in vivo experiments using monkeys.
Compressive Fatigue Limits of Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: Draughn Robert A.
Published: November 2010

Compressive fatigue limits at 5,000 stress cycles have been measured for seven commercial composite restorative materials. The average of the ratios between fatigue limit and compressive strengths is 0.64.
Studies on Microstructure of Gold Soldered Joints
Authors: Saito Tetsuo , Santos Jose Fortunato F.
Published: November 2010

Solder microstructures were found to be influenced by those of the castings. A tendency of solder to match the microstructures contacted during its solidification was demonstrated. Several different types of defects were identified in the soldered joints. Tentative correlations of the observed microstructures and defects with physical properties, corrosion resistance and dimensional changes of soldered structures have been made.
Serum Proteins and Secretory Component in Human Carious Dentin
Authors: Okamura Keiji , Tsubakimoto Kumio , Uobe Kenichi , Nishida Ken , Tsutsui Masahiro
Published: November 2010

By the use of the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, significant localization of IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin was demonstrated in the deep lesion of 20 carious teeth, where the secretory component was absent. These serum proteins formed a distinct zone, surrounding the overlying, shallow lesion infected with bacteria.
Sucrose Taste Functions and Dental Caries in Children
Authors: Catalanotto Frank A. , Gaulin-Kremer Elise , Shaw Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2010

Sweetness detection threshold, supra threshold estimation, and preference were evaluated in caries-free and caries-susceptible children aged 7 to 15 years. The two caries groups appeared similar on all measures. This report contrasts with previous adult studies indicating a relationship between sweet taste sensitivity and caries status.
Standard Values of the Amplitude of Jaw Jerk Action Potential and Differences Due to Age, Sex and L-Dopa Treatment
Authors: Widmalm Sven-Erik , Gill Harry , Widmalm Sven , Ericsson Sven Gottmar
Published: November 2010

The amplitude of the jaw jerk action potential (MSP) is a parameter with possible diagnostic value. Standard values have, however, not yet been established. MSPs were recorded using surface EMG electrodes in the masseter and the anterior temporal muscles of young and elderly healthy males and females. The group means ranged from 0.26 to 2.11 mV in the masseter and from 0.17 to 0.81 mV in the anterior temporalis. The amplitude of MSP was higher in females than in males, decreased in elderly subjects and lower in the temporalis than in the masseter. The jaw jerk action potentials also were recorded in four subjects before and after L-Dopa administration. The amplitude increased by about 90%. It is concluded that the parameter MSP amplitude can be useful in the studies of muscle spindle sensitivity and the influence of various physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological factors on the nervous regulation and muscle function in the masticatory system.
Psychological Stress Reduction During Dental Procedures
Authors: Corah Norman L. , Gale Elliot N. , Illig Stephen J.
Published: November 2010

Behavioral methods of patient stress reduction during amalgam restorations were evaluated. Eighty adult patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups of 20 each: a control group, a relaxation group, a perceived control group, and an active distraction group. Both relaxation and distraction were found to be effective in reducing patient discomfort.
A Crevice Corrosion Cell Configuration
Authors: Sutow Elliott J. , Jones Derek W.
Published: November 2010

An occluded corrosion cell configuration and polarization program were developed in order to measure the crevice corrosion resistance of implant alloys. 316 L stainless steel was used in establishing that the crevice cell configuration was convenient, reproducible, free of unwanted crevices, and suitable for laboratory measurements requiring relatively short times.
Non-Pressure Adhesion of a New Adhesive Restorative Resin
Authors: Fusayama Takao , Nakamura Masato , Kurosaki Norimasa , Iwaku Masaaki
Published: November 2010

Non-pressure adhesion of a new adhesive restorative resin was investigated employing a new tensile test. The material was adhesive to both enamel and dentin as well as to carious dentin and showed strong adhesion to all substrates tested. Etching further increased the adhesion even to dentin.
Immunofluorescent Detection of Actin and Myosin in Healing Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Piper Mark A.
Published: November 2010

Indirect immunofluorescent labeling shows a sequential increase in detectable epithelial cell actin and myosin during wound repair migration and maturation. While actin shows a substantial increase between pre-wound and migration levels, the relative detectable myosin is omnipresent at apparently high levels, and it increases only slightly during active migration.
Analysis and Purification of Eugenol
Authors: Miller Robert A. , Bussell Norman E. , Ricketts Charles K. , Jordi Howard
Published: November 2010

The purity of several brands of eugenol was compared by using high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. Greater than 95% of the impurities seen in the USP eugenols were removed by preparative liquid chromatography. NMR spectroscopy suggests that there may be a difference in chemical reactivity between purified and stock eugenol.
Personality Characteristics of Patients with Myofascial Pain-Dysfunction (MPD) Syndrome Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy
Authors: Schwartz Ronald A. , Greene Charles S. , Laskin Daniel M.
Published: November 2010

The composite MMPI profiles of 42 successfully-treated and 42 unsuccessfully-treated female patients with MPD syndrome were compared statistically. The profiles did not differ in configuration, but that of the unsuccessful patients was significantly higher than that of the successful group, indicating a greater degree of emotional distress. The pattern of deviation from normal for both groups was diagnostic of a psychophysiological disorder marked by repression and somatization.
Stain Resistance of Maxillofacial Materials
Authors: Koran A. , Powers J.M. , Lepeak P.J. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The resistance of three silicone and one polyvinyl chloride maxillofacial materials to staining by tea, lipstick, and disclosing solution was measured by reflectance spectrophotometry. Changes in color caused by staining were larger than changes caused by color instability of the base elastomers or pigments under conditions of accelerated aging.
A New Type of Hydraulic Dental Cement
Authors: Kohmura Tamotsu T. , Ida Kazuhiro
Published: November 2010

A new type of hydraulic cement has been developed. This cement consists of a mixture of cement powder and setting agent powder and therefore has only to be kneaded with a little amount of water when being used.
Effect of Autogenous Marrow and Calcitonin on Reactions to a Ceramic
Authors: McDavid P.T. , Boone M.E. , Kafrawy A.H. , Mitchell D.F.
Published: November 2010

The effect of autogenous marrow and calcitonin on reactions to a tricalcium phosphate ceramic was studied by subcutaneous implantation in rats. No bone formation was evident in association with uncoated and calcitonin-coated ceramic. At four weeks and thereafter bone formation was evident in association with all marrow-coated implants.
Compatibility of Various Materials with Oral Tissues. I: The Components in Composite Restorations
Authors: Bowen R.L.
Published: November 2010

The basic ingredients in composite restorative materials include: monomers, polymerization stabilizers, color stabilizers, polymerization initiators, polymerization accelerators, inorganic reinforcing fillers, and coupling agents. Typical members of each category are discussed.
Compatibility of Various Materials with Oral Tissues. II: Pulp Responses to Composite Ingredients
Authors: Stanley H.R. , Bowen R.L. , Folio J.
Published: November 2010

Eight ingredients of composite materials were evaluated individually for pulp irritation. None caused significant inflammation as evidenced by its average response. No abscess formations or lesions predominating in leukocytes occurred.