bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Civilizational Identity from the Bottom Up: A Case Study of Russia and a Research Agenda
Authors: Hale Henry E. , Laruelle Marlene
Published: May 2020

“Civilization” is surely among those concepts that are the most widely used in world political discourse but taken least seriously by contemporary social science. We argue for jettisoning this concept’s Huntingtonian baggage, which has led scholarship into a dead end, and developing a new body of theory on a different foundation, one grounded strongly in recent nonprimordial theories of identity and micro-level research into how ordinary people actually understand the civilizational appeals made by their elites. In what we believe to be the first systematic survey-based study of individual-level civilizational identification, we establish proof-of-concept by asking a question: What influences individuals’ primary identification of their own country with particular civilizational alternatives offered up by their elites? Pooling survey data gathered in Russia from 2013–2014, we confirm that civilizational identity reflects the influence of situational considerations and social construction processes. Whether individuals see Russia as part of purported “European,” “Eurasian,” or “Asian” civilizations depends heavily on gendered and nongendered socialization during the USSR period and factors as contingent as perceived economic performance. Results also confirm our expectation that Huntingtonian concepts fit poorly with real-world patterns of civilizational identification.
Oviposition in the onion fly Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is socially facilitated by visual cues
Authors: Hoshizaki Sugihiko , Koshikawa Noriaki , Toyoda Takuya , Ishikawa Yukio
Published: May 2020

Ovipositional decisions in herbivorous insects may be affected by social information from conspecifics. Social facilitation of oviposition has been suggested for the onion fly Delia antiqua. In the current study, we found that D. antiqua oviposition was unequal between paired oviposition stations of equal quality and that more eggs were laid on an oviposition station baited with decoy flies than on the control. The increased oviposition toward the decoys continued over time >8 h. When decoys were placed upside down, the number of eggs laid did not differ between the decoy and control sides of oviposition stations, suggesting that social facilitation of oviposition is mediated by visual cues. Based on these findings, mechanisms of social facilitation of oviposition in D. antiqua were discussed.
Nigeria's Income Tax (Transfer Pricing) Regulations 2018: Conceptualizing the Elephant and “Plucking the Goose”
Authors: Aniyie Ifeanyichukwu Azuka , Enabulele Osamuyimen
Published: May 2020

In 2015, the OECD gave the world a template to address base erosion and profit shifting and ensure that profit is taxed in the jurisdiction of value addition and / or where economic activities take place. The world's jurisdictions then embarked on implementing the template. Examining the legal framework subsequently put in place for the taxation of intangibles in Nigeria, this article argues that the distinct regimes for connected and unconnected persons’ transactions create flaws. It further asserts that these flaws are consequences of the conflict between the policy that underpins the legal framework and other policies in the country. It concludes that the legal framework may not be a “Swiss army knife” (providing Nigeria with all that is needed to combat transfer pricing issues associated with the transfer of intangibles by connected persons), as it creates issues that have undesired consequences for the taxation as well as the economic system.
An Inheritance of Loss: The king's debt, women's wills, and public charity in princely Mysore
Authors: NAIR JANAKI
Published: May 2020

In 1845, the banker Damodar Dass of Srirangapatna loaned a large sum of money to Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar III of Mysore. For the next seven decades, until the unpaid debt was turned into public charity, the multiple claims of Damodar Dass's heirs to this inheritance led the colonial state and the Mysore government (especially after 1881) to form a substantial archive. Occupying the foreground of this archive were the legal dilemmas posed by the transition from direct to indirect British rule in Mysore, involving the fate of kingship, debt, reciprocality, and masculine honour. Other legal dilemmas concerned the relationship between scriptural and customary law and, in particular, the portability of customary law between regions that were unevenly exposed to Anglo-Indian legal regimes. The claims also reveal the important ways in which a new moral order was being shaped as the relationship between the colonial regime and the princely state (or later its bureaucracy) was defined and the status of four female heirs was called into question. Additionally, the archive has the potential to disturb the univocality of this statist discourse. A third narrative may be uncovered that involves the ‘small voices of history’. What hopes did this era of profound transformation hold for women of the non-domestic sphere? What, moreover, can the women in these archives be heard to say about the truth of their times?
COVID-19 and Kawasaki syndrome: should we really be surprised?
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique , Flores Saul
Published: May 2020

A hyperinflammatory response to COVID-19 is being described in children. While this presents, and responds to management, similar to that of Kawasaki Disease it is being coined a new entity. But is it really? We explore how this phenomenon may be Kawasaki Disease with a new trigger.
Life on the fence line. Early 20th-century life in Ross Acreage
Authors: Stewart Haeden , Jungkind Kendra , Losey Robert
Published: May 2020

Despite widespread attention to the recent past as an archaeological topic, few archaeologists have attended to the particular social and ecological stakes of one of the most defining material features of contemporary life: the long-term effects of toxic industrial waste. Identifying the present era as the high Capitalocene, this article highlights the contemporary as a period caught between the boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist production and the persistence of industrial waste. Drawing on an archaeological case study from Edmonton, Alberta, we outline how the working-class shanty town community of Ross Acreage (occupied 1900–1950) was formed in relation to the industrial waste that suffused its landscape. Drawing on data from both archaeological excavation and environmental testing, this article argues that the community of Ross Acreage was defined materially by its long-term relationship with industrial waste, what we term a ‘fence-line community’.
Nationalist archaeology and foreign oil exploration in El Tajín, Mexico, 1935–1940
Authors: Holley-Kline Sam
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the American Compañía Stanford’s efforts to drill an oil well on the outskirts of the archaeological site of El Tajín, Mexico, during the 1930s. Drawing on recent scholarly efforts to think beyond archaeology and the nation state, this article problematizes the notion of a unitary state behind the concept of nationalist archaeology, the constitution of archaeology and extractive industry as separate spheres, and their apparent mutual exclusivity. Exploring the negotiations between site guards, archaeologists, inspectors, oil company officials and labourers shows that different state actors worked at cross-purposes, and that the nominally separate spheres of nationalist archaeology and foreign oil extraction were in fact characterized by the sharing of infrastructure, equipment, expertise and labour. Consequently, this article advocates for close attention to the administration and management of archaeology in specific historical contexts, demonstrating that it is more reasonable to assume archaeology’s imbrications with the nation state and extractive industries.
The air gap between bolus and skin affects dose distribution in helical and direct tomotherapy
Authors: Akasaka Hiroaki , Oki Yuya , Mizonobe Kazufusa , Uehara Kazuyuki , Mayahara Hiroshi , Harada Aya , Hashimoto Naoki , Kitatani Keiji , Yabuuchi Tomonori , Ishihara Takeaki , Iwashita Kazuma , Miyawaki Daisuke , Mukumoto Naritoshi , Nakaoka Ai , Sasaki Ryohei
Published: May 2020

Aim:

To modify the final dose delivered to superficial tissues and to modulate dose distribution near irradiated surface, different boluses are used. Air gaps often form under the bolus affecting dose distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an air gap under the bolus radiation on dose delivery.

Materials and methods:

To evaluate the impact of the air gap, both helical tomotherapy (HT) and direct tomotherapy (DT) were performed in a simulation study.

Results:

The maximum dose to bolus in DT plans was bigger than that used in HT plans. The maximum dose delivered to the bolus depended on the air gap size. However, the maximum dose to bolus in all HT plans was within the acceptable value range. Acceptable value was set to up to 107% of the prescription dose. In the simulation performed in this study, the acceptable air gap under bolus was up to 15 mm and below 5 mm in HT and DT plans, respectively.

Conclusions:

HT technique is a good choice, but DT technique can be also used if the bolus position can be reproduced accurately. Thus, the reproducibility of the bolus position between planning and treatment is very important.
MULTIPLICITY ONE AT FULL CONGRUENCE LEVEL
Authors: Le Daniel , Morra Stefano , Schraen Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Let $F$ be a totally real field in which $p$ is unramified. Let $\overline{r}:G_{F}\rightarrow \text{GL}_{2}(\overline{\mathbf{F}}_{p})$ be a modular Galois representation that satisfies the Taylor–Wiles hypotheses and is tamely ramified and generic at a place $v$ above $p$. Let $\mathfrak{m}$ be the corresponding Hecke eigensystem. We describe the $\mathfrak{m}$-torsion in the $\text{mod}\,p$ cohomology of Shimura curves with full congruence level at $v$ as a $\text{GL}_{2}(k_{v})$-representation. In particular, it only depends on $\overline{r}|_{I_{F_{v}}}$ and its Jordan–Hölder factors appear with multiplicity one. The main ingredients are a description of the submodule structure for generic $\text{GL}_{2}(\mathbf{F}_{q})$-projective envelopes and the multiplicity one results of Emerton, Gee and Savitt [Lattices in the cohomology of Shimura curves, Invent. Math. 200(1) (2015), 1–96].
Dying concerns in young parents with advanced cancer (PWAC): A scoping review
Authors: Caparso Cinzia , Appel Joel , Benkert Ramona
Published: May 2020

Background

Advanced cancer in young parents (PWAC) can increase dying concerns, the fluctuating thoughts, or feelings, conscious, or unconscious, about an approaching death by a person facing a terminal illness or a family member coping with the impending death of a loved one. However, limited research has been conducted to identify dying concerns in an ill parent as the research has focused on older adults.

Objective

Our goal was to identify dying concerns that PWAC are expressing and to understand how these concerns affect measurable outcomes.

Method

CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Articles included were samples of PWAC, peer-reviewed, and published within the last 10 years. Elderly or pediatric populations, PWAC with adult children, and early-stage cancer were excluded. The initial search resulted in 1,526 articles, 18 were identified as potentially relevant. Fourteen articles were identified and reviewed.

Results

PWAC expressed concerns for their children (n = 11), concerns for their co-parent (n = 4), and personal concerns (n = 11). Additionally, PWAC have decreased quality of life, have significant emotional and psychological distress, and have increased family dysfunction in relation to their concerns. Samples limit the generalizability of the findings. Majority of the articles consisted of White, upper, middle-class (n = 8) women (n = 7) diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 11) within nuclear families (n = 11).

Significance of results

Dying concerns are described in the literature from a fairly narrow sample of PWAC. Future research should focus on recruiting participants from diverse backgrounds, genders, diagnosis types, and non-nuclear families. Identifying concerns for the co-parent would also add to the understanding of dying concerns.
Lessons from a Distorted Metaphor: The Holy Grail of Climate Litigation
Authors: Bouwer Kim
Published: May 2020

This article examines the complex risks, costs and rewards of large-scale private law climate litigation – the climate litigation ‘holy grail’. It argues that while these cases undoubtedly have heroic aspects, their impacts can be complex or difficult to understand. It uses overlapping theories of metaphor and narrative in law, and theories of private law, to make some critical observations about these cases. Distilling some core reflections from the grail legends, the article argues that success in these cases requires a nuanced understanding of victory and defeat, and more careful thinking about the character, aims, and effect of these pieces of litigation. These stories inspire constant reflection as to what the metaphor of the ‘holy grail’ might mean in this context, and the role that these cases play in the development of a narrative about climate litigation.
Restoration of Deprived Clergy during the 1559 Royal Visitation of the Eastern Dioceses
Authors: Houlbrooke Ralph
Published: May 2020

It is well known that many of the English clergy took advantage of the statutory authorization of clerical marriage under Edward VI, but then suffered deprivation when that authorization was rescinded in Mary's reign. Less familiar are the proceedings that enabled incumbents who had lost their livings as a penalty for marriage to recover them after Elizabeth I's accession. This article focuses on a neglected source, an act book kept during the royal visitation of the eastern dioceses (London, Norwich and Ely) in 1559. It seems likely that this document records a large majority of the suits undertaken by deprived married clergy for the recovery of their livings in those dioceses. Most claimants were successful, but some suits failed, for a variety of reasons. Other sources, and the work of previous scholars in the field, shed some light on the recovery of their livings by men who do not appear in the act book. Probably rather more than a quarter of the men deprived for marriage under Mary in these dioceses recovered their livings in or after 1559. Many others had died or for various reasons did not seek restoration to the benefices of which they had been deprived.
‘Very Knaves Besides’: Catholic Print and the Enforcers of the 1662 Licensing Act in Restoration England
Authors: Reutcke Chelsea
Published: May 2020

This article explores the motivations of three enforcers of the Licensing Act of 1662 in regard to their treatment of the illicit Catholic book trade in London during the Restoration. As censors, the Stationers’ Company, the Surveyor of the Press, Roger L'Estrange, and the bishop of London, Henry Compton, were intended to unite the concerns of the book trade, the state and the church. However, each used the Licensing Act to pursue their own interests. Contemporaries and historians have both viewed the act as being unsuccessfully enforced; this article explores whether full enforcement was ever the goal. Using the case of Catholic print, it posits that it was precisely the act's flexibility that encouraged its repeated renewals. Moreover, exploring the print of the Catholic minority in London highlights the differences between the written law and the enforced law. Finally, this article suggests that at times there existed an informal toleration for the printers and booksellers engaged in Catholic book production that enabled books to escape detection and the Catholic book trade to continue despite the Licensing Act.
The House of Lords and Religious Toleration in Scotland: James Greenshields's Appeal, 1709–11
Authors: Rogers Ben
Published: May 2020

This article examines how the House of Lords, as the ultimate appellate authority of the new kingdom of Great Britain, formed after the union of 1707, provided a degree of religious toleration for Scotland's episcopalian minority when they supported James Greenshields's appeal on 1 March 1711. Greenshields was a Scottish episcopalian minister who appealed to the Lords in February 1710 after he was imprisoned by the Edinburgh magistrates for using the English Book of Common Prayer to conduct a service for a private episcopalian congregation. The Lords’ decision confirmed that no law in Scotland proscribed the Prayer Book liturgy and provided a degree of legal recognition to the episcopalians who used it. This article examines the arguments that Greenshields and his supporters used to advance his appeal. In doing so, it sheds new light on the relationship between Scotland's established church, the nation's episcopalian minority and the new British state.
Web-Based Versus Paper-Pencil Assessment of Behavioral Problems Using	the Youth Self-Report
Authors: Zeiler Michael , Peer Sandra , Philipp Julia , Truttmann Stefanie , Wagner Gudrun , Karwautz Andreas , Waldherr Karin
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This is the first study investigating the use of a web-based version of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) compared to paper-pencil (PP) assessment. Students aged 10–18 years were recruited from Austrian schools and either completed a PP ( N = 841) or a web-based ( N = 2,769) version. Psychometric properties and indicators of data quality were analyzed. Moreover, cost estimations for the web-based and PP assessments were given. Acceptable model fits (RMSEA < .05) of the 8-syndrome model were observed for both versions and measurement invariance testing revealed strong invariance between both formats. While there was no significant difference in the number of missing items, a slightly higher proportion of web-based datasets were analyzable (97.7% vs. 93.7%). A larger amount of information was provided in the open-ended questions in the web-based version ( p < .001). Mean problem scores were equivalent, with the exception of the thought problems syndrome scale in which a slightly higher score was observed in the web-based version ( p < .001). In our study, the web-based format reduced costs by 72% compared to the PP format. Our findings suggest that large web-based epidemiological surveys are cost-efficient, can be applied without the risk of disadvantages compared to PP assessments and might be superior regarding some aspects of data quality.
Unique Risk Factors of the Co-Occurrence Between Child Maltreatment	and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Sijtsema Jelle J. , Stolz Elena A. , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Recent studies found that there is considerable overlap between perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM), suggesting that both types of domestic violence can co-occur. However, there is a lack of consistency about the prevalence of co-occurrence, what unique risk factors and outcomes of co-occurrence are, and whether co-occurrence differs between Europe and other world regions. The aim is thus to review existing evidence and provide a framework for the study of IPV and CM co-occurrence by identifying unique risk factors and outcomes. In total, 12 European studies were identified that examined risk factors of co-occurrence between IPV and CM. Risk factors were distinguished at the individual, dyadic, and broader contextual levels, and compared between Europe and other regions of the world. Despite significant variation between studies, several general patterns were discerned, both globally and region-specific. These insights were used to develop a framework for the explanation of IPV and CM co-occurrence, which has implications for prevention and treatment. Importantly, more awareness and early signaling of risk for co-occurrence may counteract the spill-over from one type of domestic violence into the other to the benefit of children’s safety and well-being.
Statistical Study of Oxygen Ions Abundance and Spatial Distribution in the Dayside Magnetopause Boundary Layer: MMS Observations
Authors: Zeng Chen , Wang Chi , Duan Suping , Dai Lei , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Giles B. L.
Published: May 2020

Using energetic ion composition data at the dayside magnetopause measured by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites, we study the responses of H+, O+ density (1–40 keV), and their ratio to geomagnetic activity and solar wind conditions; their spatial distributions in the XYGSM plane for different ranges of the above parameters are presented as well. The dependencies of the H+ and O+ fluxes spatial distributions on different energy ranges are also investigated. Statistical results show that the dependencies of the H+ density on SYM‐H index, IMF By, and IMF Bz are weak, while the O+ density and its abundance (O+/H+) vary with SYM‐H index and solar wind dynamic pressure exponentially. The IMF directions not only affect the O+ density and its abundance but also play a major role in their spatial distributions. The O+ density shows duskside asymmetry under southward IMF with positive IMF By and shows dawnside asymmetry under northward IMF with negative IMF By. The influence of the dawn‐dusk IMF direction on dawn‐dusk asymmetry is significant. The positive and negative IMF By can strengthen the O+ duskside asymmetry and dawnside asymmetry when the IMF is southward and northward, respectively. Otherwise, as particle energy enhances from ~10 to ~35 keV, the H+ fluxes concentrate more on the duskside magnetopause boundary layer while the O+ fluxes dawn‐dusk asymmetry shows minor difference. This suggests that the H+ and O+ at energies below 40 keV experience different processes when they are transported to the dayside magnetopause boundary layer.
A Machine Learning Approach to Classifying MESSENGER FIPS Proton Spectra
Authors: James Matthew K. , Imber Suzanne M. , Raines Jim M. , Yeoman Timothy K. , Bunce Emma J.
Published: May 2020

Theκdistribution function is fitted to the entire data set of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging's (MESSENGER) 1‐min Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS Andrews et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214‐007‐9272‐5) proton spectra, and then artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to assess the quality of this fit to the data. Theκdistribution function is fitted to each proton spectrum using the downhill‐simplex method, providing an estimate for density,n, temperature,T, and theκparameter, which controls the shape of the distribution. The final trained neural network achieved classification accuracy of 96% and has been used to classify the 1‐min proton data set collected during MESSENGER's ∼4 years in orbit of Mercury. Of the 223,282 spectra, ∼160,000 were classified as having “good” fittingκdistributions, ∼133,000 of which were measurements obtained from within the magnetosphere, and ∼18,000 were from the magnetosheath.
Reconstructing Solar Wind Inhomogeneous Structures From Stereoscopic Observations in White Light: Solar Wind Transients in 3‐D
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Wang Yuming , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Zhang Quanhao , Lyu Shaoyu , Zhuang Bin , Shen Fang , Liu Jiajia , Chi Yutian
Published: May 2020

White‐light images from Heliospheric Imager‐1 (HI1) onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) provide two‐dimensional (2‐D) global views of solar wind transients traveling in the inner heliosphere from two perspectives. How to retrieve the hidden three‐dimensional (3‐D) features of the transients from these 2‐D images is intriguing but challenging. In our previous work (Li et al., 2018,https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025485), a “correlation‐aided” method is developed to recognize the solar wind transients propagating along the Sun‐Earth line based on simultaneous HI1 images from two STEREO spacecraft. Here the method is extended from the Sun‐Earth line to the whole 3‐D space to reconstruct the solar wind transients in the common field of view of STEREO HI1 cameras. We demonstrate the capability of the method by showing the 3‐D shapes and propagation directions of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and three small‐scale blobs during 3–4 April 2010. Comparing with some forward modeling methods, we found our method reliable in terms of the position, angular width, and propagation direction. Based on our 3‐D reconstruction result, an angular distorted, nearly north‐south oriented CME on 3 April 2010 is revealed, manifesting the complexity of a CME's 3‐D structure.
Ionospheric Outflow During the Substorm Growth Phase: THEMIS Observations of Oxygen Ions at the Plasma Sheet Boundary
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Zhang X.‐J.
Published: May 2020

Ionospheric outflow is an important plasma source that feeds the near‐Earth magnetotail with heavy oxygen ions. Because these ions can significantly alter the structure and stability of the magnetotail current sheet, the characteristics of this outflow are important for accurate magnetosphere modeling, including modeling of substorms—a key element of magnetosphere dynamics. Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft measurements in the magnetotail (around the plasma sheet boundary), we investigate characteristics oxygen outflows observed during substorm growth phases. The observed oxygen ion temperature and flow energy indicate that the outflow is marginally stable to ion acoustic wave generation: The oxygen temperature is slightly lower than the electron temperature and slightly higher than the oxygen flow energy. Moreover, the observed outflows are accompanied by low frequency electrostatic waves that may contribute to outflow thermalization. The oxygen bulk velocity has a significant component directed toward the equatorial plane, originating from the cross‐field drift in the convection electric field. The estimated radial distances at which oxygen ions reach the plasma sheet are ∼20–40RE downtail, that is, outflows during substorm growth phases can alter current sheet characteristics around the potential magnetic reconnection region.
Impact of the Dipole Tilt Angle on the Ionospheric Plasma as Modeled with IPIM
Authors: Marchaudon A. , Blelly P.‐L.
Published: May 2020

We ran the IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (IPIM) for several flux tubes at different distances from Earth for very quiet conditions, in order to model the convection and corotation transport of closed flux tubes in the plasmasphere for tilted/eccentric dipolar magnetic field configuration and for solstice and equinox conditions. For each simulation, the model was run for 30 days in order to study the long‐term evolution of the plasmasphere‐ionosphere system. The goal is to study the combined effect of corotation and convection, which causes eventually a lag of the flux tube motion with respect to the Earth. This combination of nonuniform rotation and subcorotation in average becomes important especially in the outer plasmasphere and causes nonuniform drift of the dipole tilt projection in the plane of the flux tube with time, changing drastically the plasma distribution along this flux tube. In the classical representation of the plasmasphere, the ionosphere only depends on angular Magnetic Local Time (MLT) sector. We show that due to the tilt effect, solar illumination along the flux tube and field‐aligned transport varies from one day to the other and causes also a day‐to‐day variation in the plasma distribution along the tube. This effect implies that a stable representation of the plasmasphere in MLT during quiet conditions is an erroneous view, and no real dynamic equilibrium can be reached, in particular close to the stagnation point.
Conjugate Observations of Quasiperiodic Emissions by the Van Allen Probes Spacecraft and Ground‐Based Station Kannuslehto
Authors: Bezděková B. , Němec F. , Manninen J. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Santolík O. , Kurth W. S. , Hartley D. P.
Published: May 2020

Whistler mode waves observed in the Earth's inner magnetosphere at frequencies between about 0.5 and 4 kHz which exhibit a nearly periodic time modulation of the wave intensity are called quasiperiodic (QP) emissions. Conjugate measurements of QP events at several different locations can be used to estimate their spatial extent and spatiotemporal variability. Results obtained using conjugate QP measurements provided by the ground‐based station Kannuslehto (L≈5.5) and the Van Allen Probes spacecraft (L shells between about 1.1 and 6.5) between September 2012 and November 2017 are presented. Altogether, 26 simultaneously detected events were analyzed. The event modulation periods and frequency‐time structures were generally the same at all observation points. Spatial separations of the spacecraft and the ground‐based station during conjugate observations are typically within about 40° in azimuth and from about 1 to 3 in L shell. RBSP consistently observes events at lower L shells than Kannuslehto, with the event occurrence primarily inside of the plasmasphere. Ratios of Poynting fluxes observed by the spacecraft and on the ground are used to evaluate event intensity variations related to the spacecraft position. It is found that the intensity decreases considerably both at low L shells and outside of the plasmasphere. Finally, an event containing a gap in its frequency‐time structure related to a sudden change of its properties is analyzed in detail.
Periodic Modulation of the Upper Ionosphere by ULF Waves as Observed Simultaneously by SuperDARN Radars and GPS/TEC Technique
Authors: Kozyreva Olga V. , Pilipenko Vyacheslav A. , Bland Emma C. , Baddeley Lisa J. , Zakharov Victor I.
Published: May 2020

Recent work has demonstrated that global Pc5 pulsations observed by ground‐based magnetometers may be accompanied by periodic oscillations in the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere measured by GPS receivers. These TEC observations may provide new insights into magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms, especially when combined with other ground‐based observational techniques. Presented in this paper is a large‐scale morning sector Pc5 event which was observed simultaneously by ground‐based magnetometers, two high‐frequency Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars, and several Global Positioning System (GPS)/TEC receivers. The transient 2.6 mHz pulsations observed by the ground magnetometers and radars are accompanied by periodic fluctuations in the time rate‐of‐change of TEC (ROT) at the same frequency. To investigate possible mechanisms for the TEC modulation by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves, we determine the ratios between the spectral amplitudes of the magnetic, ionospheric Doppler velocity and ROT oscillations. The relationship between the simultaneous magnetic field and ionospheric Doppler velocity oscillations can be reasonably well interpreted using the theory of Alfven wave interaction with the thin ionospheric layer. Though the observed ratio between ROT and Doppler velocity amplitudes can be explained by the occurrence of local steep gradient of the topside ionosphere plasma at auroral latitudes, the responsible modulation mechanism cannot be considered as firmly established.
Comparison of Quality Measures for Walén Relation
Authors: Paschmann G. , Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Haaland S. E. , Phan T.‐D. , Denton R. E.
Published: May 2020

The standard method for identifying magnetohydrodynamic rotational discontinuities in spacecraft data has been to examine how well the Walén relation is satisfied. In this paper, we apply two different versions of the Walén test to a database of nearly 1,000 dayside magnetopause crossings by the Magnetospheric Multi‐Scale spacecraft, with the objective of comparing their performance. The first approach is to evaluate the Walén relation as a jump condition, by determining the level of agreement between the change in plasma velocity across a discontinuity with the corresponding change in the Alfvén velocity. For this purpose, we use a recently developed quality index, Q, for which Q=±1 indicates perfect agreement. As was the case for a previously used quality index, ΔV∗, this new index employs data from two carefully chosen measurement times, located on opposite sides of the discontinuity. The second approach is to check the level of Alfvénicity of the flow for all measurements between those two points. Here, the quality index used is Wsl, the slope of the regression line in a scatter plot of plasma velocity components (after transformation into the deHoffmann‐Teller frame) versus the corresponding Alfvén velocity components, with Wsl=±1 indicating perfect agreement. For the two indices to give comparable numbers of rotational discontinuity candidates, a substantially higher threshold value is needed for |Q| than for |Wsl|. Even so, the events selected by the two methods are not identical. We also identify statistical relationships between Wsl and its associated correlation coefficient, Wcc, as well as between Wsl and Q and between Wsl and ΔV∗.
Identification of novel methylation markers in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: genome-wide discovery, tissue verification and validation testing in ctDNA
Authors: Misawa Kiyoshi , Imai Atsushi , Matsui Hirotaka , Kanai Akinori , Misawa Yuki , Mochizuki Daiki , Mima Masato , Yamada Satoshi , Kurokawa Tomoya , Nakagawa Takuya , Mineta Hiroyuki
Published: May 2020

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an independent tumour type with regard to cellular, biological, and clinical features. The use of non-invasive biomarkers such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be relevant in early diagnosis and eventually improve the outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Genome-wide discovery using RNA sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing yielded 21 candidates for methylation-targeted genes. A verification study (252 HNSCC patients) using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) identified 10 genes (ATP2A1, CALML5, DNAJC5G, GNMT, GPT, LY6D, LYNX1, MAL, MGC16275, and MRGPRF) that showed a significant increase recurrence in methylation groups with OPC. Further study on ctDNA using Q-MSP in HPV-associated OPC showed that three genes (CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D) had a high predictive ability as emerging biomarkers for a validation set, each capable of discriminating between the plasma of the patients from healthy individuals. Among the 42 ctDNA samples, methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were observed in 31 (73.8%), 19 (45.2%), and 19 (45.2%) samples, respectively. Among pre-treatment ctDNA samples, methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were observed in 8/8 (100%), 7/8 (87.5%), and 7/8 (87.5%) samples, respectively. Methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were found in 2/8 (25.0%), 0/8 (0%), and 1/8 (12.5%) of the final samples in the series, respectively. Here, we present the relationship between the methylation status of three specific genes and cancer recurrence for risk classification of HPV-associated OPC cases. In conclusion, ctDNA analysis has the potential to aid in determining patient prognosis and real-time surveillance for disease recurrences and serves as an alternative method of screening for HPV-associated OPC.
COX6B2 drives metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation to promote metastasis in pancreatic ductal cancer cells
Authors: Nie Ke , Li Jin , He Xujun , Wang Yuqing , Zhao Qiongya , Du Miaomiao , Sun Hongwei , Wang Jinjing , Lyu Jianxin , Fang Hezhi , Jin Liqin
Published: May 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer type with poor prognosis due to its high metastatic potential, however, the role of metabolic reprogramming in the metastasis of PDAC cell is not known. Here, we report that COX6B2 drive metastasis but not cancer cell proliferation in PDAC by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation function (OXPHOS). Transcriptome and clinical analyses revealed that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 (COX6B2) positively associated with metastasis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of COX6B2 in PDAC cells tuned down the assembly of complex IV and downregulated the function of OXPHOS, whereas re-expression of COX6B2 restored the function of OXPHOS and metastatic potential. Mechanistically, COX6B2 upregulated OXPHOS function to active purinergic receptor pathway for the metastasis of PDAC cells. Notably, the metastatic potential in PDAC could be reversely regulated by metformin, a drug was found accelerating the degradation of COX6B2 mRNA in this study. Collectively, our findings indicated that a complex metabolic control mechanism might be involved in achieving the balance of metabolic requirements for both growth and metastasis in PDAC, and regulation of the expression of COX6B2 could potentially encompass one of the targets.
PRMT1 promotes neuroblastoma cell survival through ATF5
Authors: Hua Zhong-Yan , Hansen Jeanne N. , He Miao , Dai Shang-Kun , Choi Yoonjung , Fulton Melody D. , Lloyd Sarah M. , Szemes Marianna , Sen Ji , Ding Han-Fei , Angelastro James M. , Fei Xiang , Li Hui-Ping , Wu Chao-Ran , Yang Sheng-Yong , Malik Karim , Bao Xiaomin , George Zheng Y. , Liu Chang-Mei , Schor Nina F. , Li Zhi-Jie , Li Xing-Guo
Published: May 2020

Aberrant expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has been implicated in a number of cancers, making PRMTs potential therapeutic targets. But it remains not well understood how PRMTs impact specific oncogenic pathways. We previously identified PRMTs as important regulators of cell growth in neuroblastoma, a deadly childhood tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for PRMT1 in neuroblastoma cell survival. PRMT1 depletion decreased the ability of murine neuroblastoma sphere cells to grow and form spheres, and suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistic studies reveal the prosurvival factor, activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) as a downstream effector of PRMT1-mediated survival signaling. Furthermore, a diamidine class of PRMT1 inhibitors exhibited anti-neuroblastoma efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, overexpression of ATF5 rescued cell apoptosis triggered by PRMT1 inhibition genetically or pharmacologically. Taken together, our findings shed new insights into PRMT1 signaling pathway, and provide evidence for PRMT1 as an actionable therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
SMAD4 activates Wnt signaling pathway to inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis
Authors: Du Xing , Li Qiqi , Yang Liu , Liu Lu , Cao Qiuyu , Li Qifa
Published: May 2020

The TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways are interrelated in many cell types and tissues, and control cell functions in coordination. Here, we report that SMAD4, a downstream effector of the TGF-β signaling pathway, induces FZD4, a receptor of the Wnt signaling pathway, establishing a novel route of communication between these two pathways in granulosa cells (GCs). We found that SMAD4 is a strong inducer of FZD4, not only initiating FZD4 transcription but also activating FZD4-dependent Wnt signaling and GC apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified the direct and indirect mechanisms by which SMAD4 promotes expression of FZD4 in GCs. First, SMAD4 functions as a transcription factor to directly bind to the FZD4 promoter region to increase its transcriptional activity. Second, SMAD4 promotes production of SDNOR, a novel lncRNA that acts as a sponge for miR-29c, providing another mean to block miR-29c from degenerating FZD4 mRNA. Overall, our findings not only reveal a new channel of crosstalk between the TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways, SMAD4–FZD4 axis, but also provide new insights into the regulatory network of GC apoptosis and follicular atresia. These RNA molecules, such as miR-29c and lnc-SDNOR, represent potential targets for treatment of reproductive diseases and improvement of female fertility.
Oxygen, life forms, and the evolution of sexes in multicellular eukaryotes
Authors: Hörandl Elvira , Hadacek Franz
Published: May 2020

The evolutionary advantage of different sexual systems in multicellular eukaryotes is still not well understood, because the differentiation into male and female individuals halves offspring production compared with asexuality. Here we propose that various physiological adaptations to oxidative stress could have forged sessility versus motility, and consequently the evolution of sexual systems in multicellular animals, plants, and fungi. Photosynthesis causes substantial amounts of oxidative stress in photoautotrophic plants and, likewise, oxidative chemistry of polymer breakdown, cellulose and lignin, for saprotrophic fungi. In both cases, its extent precludes motility, an additional source of oxidative stress. Sessile life form and the lack of neuronal systems, however, limit options for mate recognition and adult sexual selection, resulting in inefficient mate-searching systems. Hence, sessility requires that all individuals can produce offspring, which is achieved by hermaphroditism in plants and/or by multiple mating types in fungi. In animals, motility requires neuronal systems, and muscle activity, both of which are highly sensitive to oxidative damage. As a consequence, motility has evolved in animals as heterotrophic organisms that (1) are not photosynthetically active, and (2) are not primary decomposers. Adaptations to motility provide prerequisites for an active mating behavior and efficient mate-searching systems. These benefits compensate for the “cost of males”, and may explain the early evolution of sex chromosomes in metazoans. We conclude that different sexual systems evolved under the indirect physiological constraints of lifestyles.
Unexpected large eruptions from buoyant magma bodies within viscoelastic crust
Authors: Sigmundsson Freysteinn , Pinel Virginie , Grapenthin Ronni , Hooper Andrew , Halldórsson Sæmundur A. , Einarsson Páll , Ófeigsson Benedikt G. , Heimisson Elías R. , Jónsdóttir Kristín , Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Vogfjörd Kristín , Parks Michelle , Li Siqi , Drouin Vincent , Geirsson Halldór , Dumont Stéphanie , Fridriksdottir Hildur M. , Gudmundsson Gunnar B. , Wright Tim J. , Yamasaki Tadashi
Published: May 2020

Large volume effusive eruptions with relatively minor observed precursory signals are at odds with widely used models to interpret volcano deformation. Here we propose a new modelling framework that resolves this discrepancy by accounting for magma buoyancy, viscoelastic crustal properties, and sustained magma channels. At low magma accumulation rates, the stability of deep magma bodies is governed by the magma-host rock density contrast and the magma body thickness. During eruptions, inelastic processes including magma mush erosion and thermal effects, can form a sustained channel that supports magma flow, driven by the pressure difference between the magma body and surface vents. At failure onset, it may be difficult to forecast the final eruption volume; pressure in a magma body may drop well below the lithostatic load, create under-pressure and initiate a caldera collapse, despite only modest precursors.
DNA polymerase ε relies on a unique domain for efficient replisome assembly and strand synthesis
Authors: Meng Xiangzhou , Wei Lei , Devbhandari Sujan , Zhang Tuo , Xiang Jenny , Remus Dirk , Zhao Xiaolan
Published: May 2020

DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) is required for genome duplication and tumor suppression. It supports both replisome assembly and leading strand synthesis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that a conserved domain within the Pol ε catalytic core influences both of these replication steps in budding yeast. Modeling cancer-associated mutations in this domain reveals its unexpected effect on incorporating Pol ε into the four-member pre-loading complex during replisome assembly. In addition, genetic and biochemical data suggest that the examined domain supports Pol ε catalytic activity and symmetric movement of replication forks. Contrary to previously characterized Pol ε cancer variants, the examined mutants cause genome hyper-rearrangement rather than hyper-mutation. Our work thus suggests a role of the Pol ε catalytic core in replisome formation, a reliance of Pol ε strand synthesis on a unique domain, and a potential tumor-suppressive effect of Pol ε in curbing genome re-arrangements.
Non-perturbative terahertz high-harmonic generation in the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Kovalev Sergey , Dantas Renato M. A. , Germanskiy Semyon , Deinert Jan-Christoph , Green Bertram , Ilyakov Igor , Awari Nilesh , Chen Min , Bawatna Mohammed , Ling Jiwei , Xiu Faxian , van Loosdrecht Paul H. M. , Surówka Piotr , Oka Takashi , Wang Zhe
Published: May 2020

Harmonic generation is a general characteristic of driven nonlinear systems, and serves as an efficient tool for investigating the fundamental principles that govern the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics. Here, we report on terahertz-field driven high-harmonic generation in the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 at room temperature. Excited by linearly-polarized multi-cycle terahertz pulses, the third-, fifth-, and seventh-order harmonic generation is very efficient and detected via time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The observed harmonic radiation is further studied as a function of pump-pulse fluence. Their fluence dependence is found to deviate evidently from the expected power-law dependence in the perturbative regime. The observed highly non-perturbative behavior is reproduced based on our analysis of the intraband kinetics of the terahertz-field driven nonequilibrium state using the Boltzmann transport theory. Our results indicate that the driven nonlinear kinetics of the Dirac electrons plays the central role for the observed highly nonlinear response.
Modular nonlinear hybrid plasmonic circuit
Authors: Tuniz Alessandro , Bickerton Oliver , Diaz Fernando J. , Käsebier Thomas , Kley Ernst-Bernhard , Kroker Stefanie , Palomba Stefano , de Sterke C. Martijn
Published: May 2020

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are revolutionizing nanotechnology, with far-reaching applications in telecommunications, molecular sensing, and quantum information. PIC designs rely on mature nanofabrication processes and readily available and optimised photonic components (gratings, splitters, couplers). Hybrid plasmonic elements can enhance PIC functionality (e.g., wavelength-scale polarization rotation, nanoscale optical volumes, and enhanced nonlinearities), but most PIC-compatible designs use single plasmonic elements, with more complex circuits typically requiring ab initio designs. Here we demonstrate a modular approach to post-processes off-the-shelf silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides into hybrid plasmonic integrated circuits. These consist of a plasmonic rotator and a nanofocusser, which generate the second harmonic frequency of the incoming light. We characterize each component’s performance on the SOI waveguide, experimentally demonstrating intensity enhancements of more than 200 in an inferred mode area of 100 nm2, at a pump wavelength of 1320 nm. This modular approach to plasmonic circuitry makes the applications of this technology more practical.
Author Correction: Time-restricted feeding restores muscle function in Drosophila models of obesity and circadian-rhythm disruption
Authors: Villanueva Jesús E. , Livelo Christopher , Trujillo Adriana S. , Chandran Sahaana , Woodworth Brendon , Andrade Leo , Le Hiep D. , Manor Uri , Panda Satchidananda , Melkani Girish C.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.