bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale Dependent Critical External Pressure for Buckling of Spherical Shell Based on Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Alam Manjur , Mishra Sudib Kumar , Kant Tarun
Published: September 2020

Instabilities in nanosized, externally pressurized spherical shells are important for their applications in nano and biotechnology. Mechanics at such length scale is described by nonlocal and Strain Gradient (SG) field theories. However, analysis of shell buckling is involved and becomes even more complicated in presence of nonlocal and SG interactions. This paper demonstrates that such analysis can be largely simplified by a shallow segment representation of the shell by assuming short wave lengths for the incipient buckling modes. The governing equations are derived and linearized equations are solved to obtain a closed form solution for the critical external pressure causing buckling for a pressurized nonlocal shell. Nonlocal interactions are shown to reduce, whereas the SG interaction increases the critical pressure. The relative reduction/increase becomes more prominent for higher modes of buckling and for increasingly thinner shell. A constricting relationship between the two set of wave numbers expressing the buckling modes is also shown to be modified by the nonlocal and SG scale parameters. Consequent wave numbers increase/decrease, accompanied by decreasing/increasing number of wavelengths, thereby further justifying the shallow segment representation employed herein.
A note on thermal fluctuations from cylindrical black holes
Authors: Khan Suhail , Habib Furqan , Ali Askar
Published: September 2020

We have studied thermal fluctuations from neutral as well as charged and rotating charged cylindrical black holes. In this context, we computed modified expressions for several thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, mass and heat capacity for all these types of cylindrical black holes. It is shown that these quantities change their forms under the influence of thermal fluctuations. We also discuss the phase transitions and thermal stability of these gravitating objects.
Effects of Nanostructure Additives on Supercooling and Freezing of Distilled Water
Authors: Lee Donggyu , Kim Donghyun , Kang Chaedong
Published: September 2020

The phenomenon of supercooling, which prevents freezing of water below the freezing point, is an obstacle to the production of inexpensive ice. In the case of ice heat storage systems using bio-preservation, low-temperature refrigeration of food and ice capsules in the HVAC industry, the supercooled water in capsules that indirectly come into contact with the outside is one of the problems that must be solved to maintain energy costs and the quality of food or organs. To improve this, experimental evaluation of additives that serve as crude nuclear agents is needed. However, research on this area needs to be supported because the types of additives are limited and their physical properties are unstable. In this paper, the effect of distilled water containing an additive of average diameter nanometer size on solution (frozen) supercooled below the freezing point was investigated. The supercooling time and supercooling level of each specimen were analyzed after addition of kaolin, strontium hydroxide, oxidizing mineral and nano-sized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as mineral fine particles in the distilled water. As a result, it has been confirmed that kaolin and SWCNT can be used as nuclear materials to release supercooling of water. In addition, when kaolin, a mineral fine particle, is used as a nuclear material, its size affects the performance of nuclearization. This confirmed the impact of nuclear material particle size and structure on overcooled emissions.
A comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment in critically ill adults with COVID-19
Authors: Xu Shuanglan , Chen Zi , Ge Linyang , Chen Aiping , Zhang Wei , Sun Zikai , Yu Tongfu , Shi Suofang , Zhou Linfu
Published: September 2020

The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel strain of coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Subsequently, it was considered as one of the serious potential threats to global public health due to rapid spread worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine in critically ill adults with COVID-19. We searched the related papers published up to April 20, 2020 on the PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. The findings will improve the potential recognition of COVID-19 among clinicians and the general public, and presumably contribute to the reduction of mortality.
Reveling in Constraints
Authors: Johnson Bruce
Published: September 2020

The Web’s trajectory toward interactivity, which began with humble snippets of JavaScript used to validate HTML forms, has really started to accelerate of late. A new breed of Web applications is starting to emerge that sports increasingly interactive user interfaces based on direct manipulations of the browser DOM (document object model) via ever-increasing amounts of JavaScript. Google Wave, publicly demonstrated for the first time in May 2009 at the Google I/O Developer Conference in San Francisco, exemplifies this new style of Web application. Instead of being implemented as a sequence of individual HTML "pages" rendered by the server, Wave might be described as a client/server application in which the client is a browser executing a JavaScript application, while the server is "the cloud."
Other People’s Data
Authors: Petschulat Stephen
Published: September 2020

Every organization bases some of its critical decisions on external data sources. In addition to traditional flat file data feeds, Web services and Web pages are playing an increasingly important role in data warehousing. The growth of Web services has made data feeds easily consumable at the departmental and even end-user levels. There are now more than 1,500 publicly available Web services and thousands of data mashups ranging from retail sales data to weather information to United States census data. These mashups are evidence that when users need information, they will find a way to get it. An effective enterprise information management strategy needs to take into account both internal and external data.
Avoiding Obsolescence
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

Dear KV, What is the biggest threat to systems administrators? Not the technical threat (security, outages, etc.), but the biggest threat to systems administrators as a profession?
The Ideal HPC Programming Language
Authors: Loh Eugene
Published: September 2020

The DARPA HPCS program sought a tenfold productivity improvement in trans-petaflop systems for HPC. This article describes programmability studies undertaken by Sun Microsystems in its HPCS participation. These studies were distinct from Sun’s ongoing development of a new HPC programming language (Fortress) and the company’s broader HPCS productivity studies, though there was certainly overlap with both activities.
Wanton Acts of Debuggery
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

Dear KV, Why is it that people who add logging to their programs lack the creativity to differentiate their log messages? If they all say the same thing—for example, DEBUG—it’s hard to tell what is going on, or even why the previous programmer added these statements in the first place.
Rethinking Passwords
Authors: Cheswick William
Published: September 2020

There is an authentication plague upon the land. We have to claim and assert our identity repeatedly to a host of authentication trolls, each jealously guarding an Internet service of some sort. Each troll has specific rules for passwords, and the rules vary widely and incomprehensibly.
Adopting DevOps Practices in Quality Assurance
Authors: Roche James
Published: September 2020

Software life-cycle management was, for a very long time, a controlled exercise. The duration of product design, development, and support was predictable enough that companies and their employees scheduled their finances, vacations, surgeries, and mergers around product releases. When developers were busy, QA (quality assurance) had it easy. As the coding portion of a release cycle came to a close, QA took over while support ramped up. Then when the product released, the development staff exhaled, rested, and started the loop again while the support staff transitioned to busily supporting the new product.
Scaling Existing Lock-based Applications with Lock Elision
Authors: Kleen Andi
Published: September 2020

Multithreaded applications take advantage of increasing core counts to achieve high performance. Such programs, however, typically require programmers to reason about data shared among multiple threads. Programmers use synchronization mechanisms such as mutual-exclusion locks to ensure correct updates to shared data in the presence of accesses from multiple threads. Unfortunately, these mechanisms serialize thread accesses to the data and limit scalability.
Who Must You Trust?
Authors: Wadlow Thomas
Published: September 2020

In his novel The Diamond Age, author Neal Stephenson describes a constructed society (called a phyle) based on extreme trust in one’s fellow members. Part of the membership requirements is that, from time to time, each member is called upon to undertake certain tasks to reinforce that trust. For example, a phyle member might be told to go to a particular location at the top of a cliff at a specific time, where he will find bungee cords with ankle harnesses attached. The other ends of the cords trail off into the bushes. At the appointed time he is to fasten the harnesses to his ankles and jump off the cliff. He has to trust that the unseen fellow phyle member who was assigned the job of securing the other end of the bungee to a stout tree actually did his job; otherwise, he will plummet to his death. A third member secretly watches to make sure the first two don’t communicate in any way, relying only on trust to keep tragedy at bay. Whom you trust, what you trust them with, and how much you trust them are at the center of the Internet today, as well as every other aspect of your technological life.
There’s No Such Thing as a General-purpose Processor
Authors: Chisnall David
Published: September 2020

There is an increasing trend in computer architecture to categorize processors and accelerators as "general purpose." Of the papers published at this year’s International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA 2014), nine out of 45 explicitly referred to general-purpose processors; one additionally referred to general-purpose FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays), and another referred to general-purpose MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data) supercomputers, stretching the definition to the breaking point. This article presents the argument that there is no such thing as a truly general-purpose processor and that the belief in such a device is harmful.
Spicing Up Dart with Side Effects
Authors: Meijer Erik , Millikin Kevin , Bracha Gilad
Published: September 2020

The Dart programming language has recently incorporated a set of extensions designed to support asynchrony and generator functions. Because Dart is a language for Web programming, latency is an important concern. To avoid blocking, developers must make methods asynchronous when computing their results requires nontrivial time. Generator functions ease the task of computing iterable sequences.
The Science of Managing Data Science
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

What are they doing all day? When I first took over as VP of Engineering at a startup doing data mining and machine learning research, this was what the other executives wanted to know. They knew the team was super smart, and they seemed like they were working really hard, but the executives had lots of questions about the work itself. How did they know that the work they were doing was the "right" work? Were there other projects they could be doing instead? And how could we get this research into the hands of our customers faster?
What Are You Trying to Pull?
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

Saving instructions - how very 1990s of him. It’s always nice when people pay attention to details, but sometimes they simply don’t pay attention to the right ones. While KV would never encourage developers to waste instructions, given the state of modern software, it does seem like someone already has. KV would, as you did, come out on the side of legibility over the saving of a few instructions.
Nine Things I Didn’t Know I Would Learn Being an Engineer Manager
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

When I moved from being an engineer to being a dev lead, I knew I had a lot to learn. My initial thinking was that I had to be able to do thorough code reviews, design and architect websites, see problems before they happened, and ask insightful technical questions. To me that meant learning the technology and becoming a better engineer. When I actually got into the role (and after doing it almost 15 years), the things I have learned--and that have mattered the most--weren’t those technical details. In fact, many of the skills I have built that made me a good engineer manager weren’t technical at all and, while unexpected lessons, have helped me in many other areas of my life.
Functional at Scale
Authors: Eriksen Marius
Published: September 2020

Modern server software is demanding to develop and operate: it must be available at all times and in all locations; it must reply within milliseconds to user requests; it must respond quickly to capacity demands; it must process a lot of data and even more traffic; it must adapt quickly to changing product needs; and in many cases it must accommodate a large engineering organization, its many engineers the proverbial cooks in a big, messy kitchen.
Time, but Faster
Authors: Schlossnagle Theo
Published: September 2020

The first premise was summed up perfectly by the late Douglas Adams in The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy: "Time is an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so." The concept of time, when colliding with decoupled networks of computers that run at billions of operations per second, is... well, the truth of the matter is that you simply never really know what time it is. That is why Leslie Lamport’s seminal paper on Lamport timestamps was so important to the industry, but this article is actually about wall-clock time, or a reasonably useful estimation of it.
Side Effects, Front and Center!
Authors: Helland Pat
Published: September 2020

We think of computation in terms of its consequences. The big MapReduce job returns a large result. Web interactions display information. Enterprise applications update the database and return an answer. These are the reasons we do our work. What we rarely discuss are the side effects of doing the work we intend. Side effects may be unwanted, or they may actually cause desired behavior at different layers of the system. This column points out some fun patterns to keep in mind as we build and use our systems.
Breadth and Depth
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

When people ask me the question of where they should focus their time I ask them what is the one thing you could be the best in the world at? The answer might be going deep or going wide. The important thing is to spend your time on building the skills that will move you to where to you want to go.
How to Come up with Great Ideas
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

No matter what your profession, learning to think more innovatively and spark new ideas can help you. I have included some points and inspiration that have helped me, but the real key is changing your behavior and taking action.
Thou Shalt Not Depend on Me
Authors: Lauinger Tobias , Chaabane Abdelberi , Wilson Christo
Published: September 2020

Most websites use JavaScript libraries, and many of them are known to be vulnerable. Understanding the scope of the problem, and the many unexpected ways that libraries are included, are only the first steps toward improving the situation. The goal here is that the information included in this article will help inform better tooling, development practices, and educational efforts for the community.
How to Create a Great Team Culture (and Why It Matters)
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

As leader of the team, you have significant influence over your team’s culture. You can institute policies and procedures that help make your team happy and productive, monitor team successes, and continually improve the team. Another important part of team culture, however, is helping people feel they are a part of creating it. How can you expand the job of creating a culture to other team members?
Tom’s Top Ten Things Executives Should Know About Software
Authors: Limoncelli Thomas A.
Published: September 2020

Software is eating the world. To do their jobs well, executives and managers outside of technology will benefit from understanding some fundamentals of software and the software-delivery process.
Troubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarship
Authors: Lipton Zachary C. , Steinhardt Jacob
Published: September 2020

Flawed scholarship threatens to mislead the public and stymie future research by compromising ML’s intellectual foundations. Indeed, many of these problems have recurred cyclically throughout the history of AI and, more broadly, in scientific research. In 1976, Drew McDermott chastised the AI community for abandoning self-discipline, warning prophetically that "if we can’t criticize ourselves, someone else will save us the trouble." The current strength of machine learning owes to a large body of rigorous research to date, both theoretical and empirical. By promoting clear scientific thinking and communication, our community can sustain the trust and investment it currently enjoys.
The DevOps Phenomenon
Authors: Wiedemann Anna , Forsgren Nicole , Wiesche Manuel , Gewald Heiko , Krcmar Helmut
Published: September 2020

Stressful emergency releases are a thing of the past for companies that subscribe to the DevOps method of software development and delivery. New releases are frequent. Bugs are fixed rapidly. New business opportunities are sought with gusto and confidence. New features are released, revised, and improved with rapid iterations. DevOps presents a strategic advantage for organizations when compared with traditional software-development methods. Leadership plays an important role during that transformation. DevOps is about providing guidelines for faster time to market of new software features and achieving a higher level of stability. Implementing cross-functional, product-oriented teams helps bridge the gaps between software development and operations. By ensuring their transformations include all of the principles outlined in CALMS, teams can achieve superior performance and deliver value to their organizations. DevOps is often challenging, but stories from across the industry show that many organizations have already overcome the early hurdles and plan to continue their progress, citing the value to their organizations and the benefits to their engineers.
MUST and MUST NOT
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

Pronouncements without background or explanatory material are useless to those who are not also deeply steeped in the art and science of computer security or security in general. It takes a particular bend of mind to think like an attacker and a defender all at once, and most people are incapable of doing this; so, if you want the people reading the document to follow your guidance, then you must take them on a journey from ignorance to knowledge.
Ten maxims for creating a safe learning environment
Authors: Prashanti Eachempati , Ramnarayan Komattil
Published: September 2020

To foster a milieu in which student learning can be optimum, teachers need to be aware of the attributes of a safe learning environment. This is the space created in the students’ minds to seamlessly promote learning. The 10 maxims, presented in this paper, are the cornerstones, nay, the capstones, for making this happen.
Assessment of cerebrovascular responses to physiological stimuli in identical twins using multimodal imaging and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Thomas Hannah J. , Rana Usaid , Marsh Channa E. , Caddy Harrison T. , Kelsey Lachlan J. , Smith Kurt J. , Green Daniel J. , Doyle Barry J.
Published: September 2020

There is acknowledged variability in the Circle of Willis in the general population, yet the structure and function relationship of the cerebrovasculature is poorly understood. Using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, high-resolution Doppler ultrasound, and computational fluid dynamic modeling, we show that monozygotic twins exhibit differences in cerebrovascular structure and function when exposed to physiological stimuli. These data suggest that the morphology, function, and health of cerebrovascular arteries are not primarily genetically determined.
Expression of GLUT3 and HIF‐1α in Meningiomas of Various Grades Correlated with Peritumoral Brain Edema
Authors: Mei Tao , Wang Zhengjun , Wu Jianwu , Liu Xianhua , Tao Wei , Wang Shousen , Chen Fuyong
Published: August 2020

Aim. To investigate the expression of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α protein (HIF‐1α) in meningiomas and analyze the correlation between GLUT3 and HIF‐1α expression with the pathological grade of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) of meningiomas. Methods. In this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed meningioma specimens from 160 patients collected from January 1, 2014, to December 1, 2017, by dividing them into a low‐grade (WHO I) or high‐grade (WHO II and WHO III) group. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression level of GLUT3 and HIF‐1α in the tumor specimens. Results. The proportion of GLUT3‐positive staining in tumors sized <4 cm, 4–6 cm, and>6 cm was 35.9% (37/103), 63.6% (28/44), and 53.8% (7/13), respectively (P = 0.007). The proportion of HIF‐1α‐positive staining in tumors sized <4 cm, 4–6 cm, and >6 cm was 41.7% (43/103), 68.2% (30/44), and 38.5% (5/13), respectively (P = 0.010). The proportion of GLUT3‐positive staining in the high‐grade group and low‐grade group was 70.8% (34/48) and 33.9% (38/112), respectively (P < 0.001). The proportion of HIF‐1α‐positive staining in the high‐grade group and low‐grade group was 62.5% (30/48) and 42.9% (48/112), respectively (P = 0.023). GLUT3‐positive expression in meningioma PTBE grades 0, I, II, and III was 20.3% (13/64), 41.2% (14/34), 63.6% (21/33), and 82.8% (24/29), respectively (Bonferroni‐corrected, P < 0.001, α/6 = 0.008). HIF‐1α‐positive expression in meningioma PTBE grades 0, I, II, and III was 34.4% (22/64), 47.1% (16/34), 54.5% (18/33), and 75.9% (22/29), respectively (Bonferroni‐corrected, P = 0.003, α/6 = 0.008). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the expression of GLUT3 and HIF‐1α in meningiomas (r = 0.463, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that GLUT3‐positive expression, HIF‐1α‐positive expression, and high pathological grade were associated with the development of PTBE (P < 0.05). Conclusions. GLUT3 and HIF‐1α expression in meningiomas was closely related to the tumor size, pathological grade, and PTBE. This study is the first to report a unique map‐like multifocal GLUT3 staining pattern in meningiomas.
Coupled Effect of Curing Temperature and Moisture on THM Behavior of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Xu Wenyuan , Zhao Runkang , Yang Xiaocong , Guo Lijie , Xie Chaowu , Wu Di
Published: August 2020

Cemented paste backfill (CPB), a mixture of tailings, binder, and water, is widely and continually utilized in underground mines for subsidence control and disposal of surface hazardous waste discharge. The mechanical strength of CPB, which is the key for the backfill structure to play the role of supporting overlying roof and controlling subsidence, is governed by complex factors (thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical loads), particularly strongly affected by the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature and humidity. Thus, it is crucial to understand and assess the response of CPB subjected to the loads mentioned above, so as to better ascertain its performance and obtain a cost‐effective, safe, and stable CPB structure. Accordingly, a coupled THM model is developed to describe and analyze the performance of CPB. Comparisons between model simulation and experiment data prove the capability of the developed model in predicting the evolutions of temperature and internal relative humidity, as well as stress‐strain relation of CPB. The obtained results indicate that all these properties are significantly affected by ambient humidity and temperature.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as a Treatment of Symptomatic CNS Metastases in Oncogene-Driven NSCLC
Authors: Gal Omer , Dudnik Elizabeth , Rotem Ofer , Finkel Inbar , Peretz Idit , Zer Alona , Mandel Jacob , Amiel Alexandra , Siegal Tali , Bar Jair , Lobachov Anastasiya , Yust Shlomit
Published: September 2020

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases occur frequently in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Standard treatment approaches can potentially delay systemic treatment (surgical intervention) or result in neurocognitive impairment (radiotherapy). Recently, next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated remarkable intracranial activity. However, most clinical trials did not enroll patients suffering neurological symptoms. Our study aimed to assess the CNS activity of targeted therapies in this patient population. We present a case series of nine NSCLC patients with either EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement and symptomatic CNS metastases that were treated with TKIs. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Most patients presented with symptomatic CNS metastases at time of metastatic disease presentation (6/9). Additionally, the majority of patients had leptomeningeal disease (6/9) and multiple parenchymal metastases. Patients presented with a variety of CNS symptoms with the most common being nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion. Most patients (6/9) responded rapidly both clinically and radiographically to the targeted treatment, with a marked correlation between systemic and intracranial radiographic response. In conclusion, upfront use of next-generation TKIs in patients with oncogene-driven NSCLC with symptomatic CNS metastases is associated with reasonable intracranial activity and represents a valuable treatment option.
On the Metric Dimension of Generalized Tensor Product of Interval with Paths and Cycles
Authors: Li Song , Liu Jia-Bao , Munir Mobeen
Published: August 2020

The concept of minimum resolving set for a connected graph has played a vital role in Robotic navigation, networking, and in computer sciences. In this article, we investigate the values of m and n for which P2⊗mPn and P2⊗mCn are connected and find metric dimension in this case. We also conclude that, for each m, we obtain a new regular family of constant metric dimension. We also give a basis for these graphs and presentation of resolving vector in general closed form with respect to the basis.
Mathematical Modelling for Joining Boron Nitride Graphene with Other BN Nanostructures
Authors: Alshammari Nawa A.
Published: August 2020

Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials such as boron nitride graphenes, boron nitride nanotubes, and boron nitride nanocones are attracting attention among the most promising nanomaterials due to their physical, chemical, and electronic properties when compared to other nanomaterials. BN nanomaterials suggest many exciting potential applications in various fields. Joining between BN nanostructures gives new enhanced structures with outstanding properties and potential applications for design of probes for scanning tunnelling microscopy and other nanoscale devices. This paper uses calculus of variations to model the joining between BN graphene with other BN nanostructures: BNNTs and BNNCs. Furthermore, during the joining between these BN nanostructures, this research examines two models which are depending on the curvature of the join profile. For the first case, Model I refers to when the join profile only includes positive curvature where for the second case, Model II is considered for both positive and negative curvatures. Thus, the purpose of this research is to formulate the basic underlying structure to present simple models based on joining BN graphene to other BN nanostructures.
Forecasting the Agriculture Output Values in China Based on Grey Seasonal Model
Authors: Chen Yan , Nu Li , Wu Lifeng
Published: August 2020

The output values for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery are important indicators of agricultural economic development. Therefore, accurately predicting the output values for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery can capture the developmental trend and the optimize the structure. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery are typical seasonal industries, and thus their output values vary greatly among different seasons. To accurately estimate the seasonal variations in the observed sequence and obtain better prediction results, the output values for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery in different quarters from 2018 to 2021 are predicted and analyzed by using the grey seasonal model (GSM). The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of GSM is relatively high. The output values for the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery as well as their total output value will increase gradually. It is an important achievement of structural reform under the new normal economic situation. In addition, the GSM provides a new method for predicting seasonal data.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Stepped Planing Hulls in Finding an Optimized Step Location and Analysis of Its Porpoising Phenomenon
Authors: Sajedi Sayyed Mahdi , Ghadimi Parviz
Published: August 2020

Stability of a high-speed craft is an essential matter, and porpoising is one of the most critical instabilities that could occur in some planing hulls due to inappropriate design. In this paper, the porpoising phenomenon and variation of step location yielding resistance reduction are studied through experimental and numerical methods. The investigated models include a single-step model and a nonstep model with the same general shape, but with different step location. The nonstep model is previously tested, but the single-step model is examined in the present study. The nonstep model experiences porpoising at 8 m/s speed, but the single-step model remains stable at the same speed. A three-dimensional CFD analysis is conducted using the finite volume method (FVM). On the contrary, the volume of fluid (VOF) scheme is used for free surface modeling, and the overset mesh technique is implemented within StarCCM+ software. The CFD results of total hydrodynamic resistance and dynamic trim angle are compared against the experimental data. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Subsequently, ten different stepped models are simulated to examine their effects. The longitudinal distance between steps and aft of these models are in the range of 19 to 50 percent of the length of models. The obtained results show that as steps are located farther than aft, the models become more stable, and resistance increases due to trim reduction. Finally, the optimum location of the step is extracted with the aim of minimizing the resistance through the design of experiment (DOE) method. Based on the DOE method, it is observed that the sensitivity of the drag value to the step location is higher than the speed.
Research on a Shared Bicycle Deposit Management System Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Zhao Daozhi , Wang Di , Wang Baosen
Published: September 2020

As a green travel mode, bike sharing is developing rapidly across China. At present, charging deposits from users is the common operation mode adopted by shared bicycle enterprises. The large number of shared bicycle enterprises generates fierce market competition, and the eliminated enterprises always refuse to return user deposits. Even regular running enterprises still have trouble with the immediate return of deposits. This situation severely affects the reputation of shared bicycle enterprises, and concerns have been shared widely across the society. Meanwhile, there is a general expectation among users that their deposits could be refunded timely and a broad appeal for technical management to resolve this problem. This article uses blockchain technology to reform the current management mode for shared bicycle deposits and constructs a decentralized, user information and deposit visualized, and multidimensional supervised management system. The proposed management system makes the real-time flow direction supervision of user deposits to be realized. Furthermore, a smart contract of shared bicycle deposits with punishment mechanism is also designed. Finally, the differences between the proposed deposit management mode and the current deposit management mode are analyzed, and a simulation experiment is conducted. In the simulation experiment, the deposit theft rate of our deposit management system is 0%, which is far better than the two existing bike deposit management systems. The results show that the outstanding advantages of the proposed deposit management mode, which include improving deposit supervision and guaranteeing user deposit security, are also conducted. This article has made effective technical management exploration to reduce deposit management risks and improve deposit management institutions for shared bicycles. It has important practical reference value for accelerating the sustainable development of shared bicycle enterprises.
Sox10 Is a Specific Biomarker for Neural Crest Stem Cells in Immunohistochemical Staining in Wistar Rats
Authors: Yang Li-Na , Huang Wen-Kai , Li Xue-Li , Bai Yu-Zuo , Zhang Shu-Cheng
Published: August 2020

Objective. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are prototypically migratory cells immigrating from the dorsal neural tube to specific embryonic sites where they generate a variety of cell types. A lot of biomarkers for NCSCs have been identified. However, which biomarkers are the most specific is still unclear.Methods. The rat embryos harvested in embryonic day 9 (E9), E9.5, E10, E10.5, E11, E12, E13, and E14 were paraffin-embedded and sectioned in transverse. NCSCs were spatiotemporally demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. NCSCs were isolated, cultured, and stained with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10.Results. In the paraffin sections of rat embryos, the immunohistochemical staining of RET, p75NTR, and Sox10 can all be used in demonstrating NCSCs. Sox10 was positive mainly in NCSCs while RET and p75NTR were positive not only in NCSCs but also in other tissue cells. In primary culture cells, Sox10 was mainly in the nucleus of NCSCs, RET was mainly in the membrane, and p75NTR was positive in cytoplasm and membrane.Conclusions. Sox10 is the specific marker for immunohistochemical staining of NCSCs in paraffin sections. In cultured cells, Sox10, p75NTR, and RET presented a similar staining effect.
Research and Ground Verification of the Force Compliance Control Method for Space Station Manipulator
Authors: Hu Bingshan , Chen Huanlong , Han Liangliang , Yu Hongliu
Published: September 2020

The space station manipulator does lots of tasks with contact force/torque on orbit. To ensure the safety of the space station and the manipulator, the contact force/torque of manipulator must be controlled. Based on analyzing typical tasks’ working flows and force control requirements, such as ORU (orbit replacement unit) changeout and dual arm collaborative payload transport, an impedance control method based on wrist 6 axis force/torque feedback is designed. For engineering implementation of the impedance control algorithm, the discretization method and impedance control parameters selection principle are also studied. To verify the compliance control algorithm, a ground experiment platform adopting industrial manipulators is developed. In order to eliminate the influence of gravity, a real-time gravity compensation algorithm is proposed. Then, the correctness of real-time gravity compensation and force compliance control algorithm is verified on the experiment platform. Finally, the ORU replacement and dual arm collaborative payload transport experiments are done. Experimental results show that the force compliance control method proposed in this paper can control the contact force and torque at the end of the manipulator when executing typical tasks.
Development of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient with DRESS Syndrome
Authors: Perez Pedro , Sze Wilson , Lozeau Daniel , Avichal Dipa , Miller Joshua
Published: August 2020

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, is a serious, sometimes lethal, immunological reaction to drug metabolites involving multiple organ systems. Some of the common causative agents of DRESS include allopurinol, minocycline, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, antiepileptic drugs, and hydroxychloroquine. DRESS is often misdiagnosed and challenging to clinically manage due to the disease’s myriad presentations, acute complications, and long-term sequela after initial resolution. We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient that developed type 1 diabetes as a sequela of DRESS. The patient originally presented to the emergency department with three days of fevers and a pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash that began two weeks prior. She had recently started an antibiotic course and had also been on a long-term antiepileptic drug regimen. Following a thorough clinical examination, the patient was diagnosed with DRESS and treated accordingly. Over the next four months, she went on to have multiple hospitalizations with several admissions to the medical intensive care unit. She had numerous complications including significant facial edema, seizures, bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, hypovolemic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver failure, and recurring DRESS rashes despite treatment with high-dose intravenous steroids and immunosuppressants. During this time, the patient developed a rare form of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus not explained by autoantibody production or continued high-dose steroid use. Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus is a sequela of DRESS that is poorly understood and rarely reported. When it occurs, it significantly and negatively affects patient prognosis and requires careful monitoring to assure proper glycemic control.
A Novel Homozygous Mutation of Thyroid Peroxidase Gene Abolishes a Disulfide Bond Leading to Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Yakou Fumiyoshi , Suwanai Hirotsugu , Ishikawa Takuya , Itou Mariko , Shikuma Jumpei , Miwa Takashi , Sakai Hiroyuki , Kanekura Kohsuke , Narumi Satoshi , Suzuki Ryo , Odawara Masato
Published: August 2020

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most prevalent congenital endocrine disorder and causes mental retardation. A male Japanese patient with first cousin marriage parents was diagnosed as CH at 10 months. He was born before introduction of mass screening for CH. With continuous thyroid hormone replacement therapy, normal thyroid hormone status was maintained until adulthood. Genetic screening of next-generation sequencing was performed at the age of 52 years, and we identified a new homozygous thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene mutation (GRCh38.p13, chromosome 2 at position 1493997, c.1964 G>T, p.Cys655Phe). TPO is an important enzyme to produce thyroid hormone. As demonstrated by a homology analysis of TPO proteins among different species, cysteine 655 residue is highly conserved, suggesting an important role in maintaining TPO function and structure. An in silico study with three-dimensional structure of the novel mutation was performed and suggested that the mutation abolished disulfide bond between cysteines at positions 598 and 655. An in vitro functional analysis using HEK293 cells revealed that TPO activity of the mutant was significantly impaired compared with that of the wild type. Furthermore, study of immunohistochemistry showed that localization of TPO in cells did not differ between the wild type and the mutant. In conclusion, this single disulfide bond loss mutation of a new TPO homozygous mutation, p.Cys655Phe, reduced TPO activity and caused congenital hypothyroidism without affecting subcellular localization of TPO proteins.
Sildenafil Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Docetaxel in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Stimulating NO-cGMP Signaling
Authors: Muniyan Sakthivel , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Parte Seema , Halder Sushanta , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Kshirsagar Prakash , Siddiqui Jawed A. , Vengoji Raghupathy , Rauth Sanchita , Islam Ridwan , Mallya Kavita , Datta Kaustubh , Xi Lei , Das Anindita , Teply Benjamin A. , Kukreja Rakesh C. , Batra Surinder K.
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Docetaxel plays an indispensable role in the management of advanced prostate cancer. However, more than half of patients do not respond to docetaxel, and those good responders frequently experience significant cumulative toxicity, which limits its dose duration and intensity. Hence, a second agent that could increase the initial efficacy of docetaxel and maintain tolerability at biologically effective doses may improve outcomes for patients.

Experimental Design:

We determined phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) expression levels in human and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) prostate tissues and tumor-derived cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in combination with docetaxel using in vitro, Pten conditional knockout (cKO), derived tumoroid and xenograft prostate cancer models.

Results:

PDE5 expression was higher in both human and mouse prostate tumors and cancer cell lines compared with normal tissues/cells. In GEM prostate-derived cell lines, PDE5 expression increased from normal prostate (wild-type) epithelial cells to androgen-dependent and castrated prostate-derived cell lines. The addition of physiologically achievable concentrations of sildenafil enhanced docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in vitro, reduced murine 3D tumoroid growth, and in vivo tumorigenicity as compared with docetaxel alone. Furthermore, sildenafil enhanced docetaxel-induced NO and cGMP levels thereby augmenting antitumor activity.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that sildenafil's addition could sensitize docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells at much lesser concentration than needed for inducing cell death. Thus, the combinatorial treatment of sildenafil and docetaxel may improve anticancer efficacy and reduce chemotherapy-induced side-effects among patients with advanced prostate cancer.
A Case Report of Migrating Fish Bone to the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Abdulber Fakoury Mouhannad , Abdulbaki Hasan Said , Darraj Eyad , Almohammad Alsalem Fateh
Published: September 2020

Fish bone as a foreign body in the throat is common and frequently seen in emergency departments. In most cases, the bone is stuck in the tonsils or oropharynx, some go further to the laryngopharynx, and in rare cases they may go furthest. The authors report a rare case of a fish bone that migrated to the thyroid gland.
High Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Almagor Tal , Rath Shoshana , Nachtigal Dan , Sharroni Zohara , Elias-Assad Ghadir , Hess Ora , Havazelet Gilad , Zehavi Yoav , Spiegel Ronen , Bercovich Dani , Almashanu Shlomo , Tenenbaum-Rakover Yardena
Published: September 2020

Background: An association between hearing impairment (HI) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been reported previously. However, in general, studies were retrospective and had small sample sizes, and the results were variable and inconclusive. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of HI among patients with CH and to examine factors potentially predictive of HI including severity of CH, etiology of CH, and timing of treatment initiation. Methods: Audiometry was undertaken prospectively in 66 patients aged 3–21 years diagnosed with primary CH and 49 healthy matched controls. All patients with HI underwent examination by an otolaryngologist, and in patients with sensorineural loss, brainstem evoked response audiometry was performed. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for genes involved in deafness was performed in patients with sensorineural HI to exclude additional genetic etiologies. Results: HI was found in 19 patients (28.7%). Among them, 5 (7.6%) had moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural impairment and 14 (21.2%) had mild conductive HI. Conductive HI was bilateral in 5 of these patients (36%). None of the controls had HI. No specific etiology was found in patients with HI, and no differences were identified in age at diagnosis, age at initiation of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy, gender, or ethnicity between patients with and without HI. A nonsignificant trend toward lower mean screening TT4 levels was found in patients with HI (compared to those without HI) (3.42 vs. 5.34 μg/dL, p = 0.095). No pathogenic variants in genes attributed to HI were identified by NGS in the 5 patients with sensorineural deafness, indicating that HI in these patients was likely attributable to CH rather than other genetic etiologies. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of HI among patients with CH, predominantly of the conductive type. HI was not associated with the etiology of CH or with delayed initiation of LT4 therapy. Audiometry is recommended for children diagnosed with CH and repeat monitoring may be warranted to identify acquired HI and to prevent long-term sequelae of undiagnosed deafness.
Diagnostic Considerations in the Evaluation of Large B-Cells on Lymph Node Cytology Specimens
Authors: Boyer Daniel F. , Choi Sarah , Lee Winston , Carty Shannon , Betz Bryan L. , Brown Noah , Lew Madelyn
Published: September 2020

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has become increasingly popular in the evaluation of lymph nodes for lymphoproliferative disorders, but there are limitations to accurate subclassification of lymphoma using morphology alone. This case aims to expand diagnostic considerations of large B-cell populations identified on FNA material. We also address the significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the workup of patients with suspected lymphoma by FNA.