bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification of the eighth edition of the UICC‐TNM classification on surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma: Comparison with previous classification in a local center
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Katayanagi Kazuyoshi , Kurumaya Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Fujimori Hideki , Tsunezuka Yoshio , Kobayashi Takeshi
Published: June 2021

Background

The UICC 8th TNM classification of lung cancer has been changed dramatically, especially in measuring methods of T‐desriptors. Different from squamous‐ or small‐cell carcinomas, in which the solid‐ and the invasive‐diameter mostly agree with each other, the diameter of the radiological solid part and that of pathological invasive part in adenocarcinomas often does not match.

Aim

We aimed to determine radiological and pathological tumor diameters of pulmonary adenocarcinomas with clinicopathological factors and evaluate the validity of the 8th edition in comparison with the 7th edition.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological factors of 429 patients with surgically resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The maximum tumor and their solid‐part diameters were measured using thin‐sectioned computed tomography and compared with pathological tumor and invasive diameters. Overall survival (OS) rate was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method for different subgroups of clinicopathological factors. Akaike's information criteria (AIC) was used as a discriminative measure for the univariate Cox model for the 7th and 8th editions. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to explore independent prognostic factors. Correlation coefficients between radiological and pathological diameters in the 7th and 8th editions were 0.911 and 0.888, respectively, without a significant difference. The major reasons for the difference in the 8th edition were the presence of intratumoral fibrosis and papillary growth pattern. The weighted kappa coefficients in the 8th edition were superior those in the 7th edition for both the T and Stage classifications. In the univariate Cox model, AIC levels were the lowest in the 8th edition. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymphovascular invasion, pT(8th), and stage were the most important determinants for OS.

Conclusion

The UICC 8th edition is a more discriminative classification than the 7th edition. For subsolid nodules, continuous efforts are necessary to increase the universality of the measurement of solid and invasive diameters.
Dysmorphic and illness anxiety‐related unwanted intrusive thoughts in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Pascual‐Vera Belén , Belloch Amparo
Published: June 2021

Background/Objective

Unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) are considered normal variants of the obsessions found in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Similarly, intrusive and persistent preoccupations about appearance defects in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and images and thoughts about illness in illness anxiety disorder (IAD) are abnormal variants of the thoughts and concerns about appearance and health found in non‐clinical individuals. This study examines whether patients with OCD have frequent and distressing UITs with contents related to BDD and IAD, in addition to OCD‐related UITs.

Method

Thirty‐nine participants with OCD (Mage = 32.45, standard deviation [SD] = 11.57; 63% men) completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts (QUIT), designed to assess obsessional, dysmorphic and illness anxiety UITs and their associated functional consequences (emotions, appraisals, and neutralizing or control strategies).

Results

Up to 71% of the individuals with OCD experienced the three UIT modalities. As expected, OCD‐related UITs were the most frequent, although were no differences among the three UIT contents in terms of the disturbance they caused. The OCD intrusions were the most interfering, egodystonic and dysfunctionally appraised, and they instigated more neutralizing behaviours. Nonetheless, all UITs instigate the need to do something to alleviate the discomfort caused by their intrusion and attempts to suppress them.

Conclusion

UITs with different contents not always related to typical obsessive themes are a common experience in patients with OCD. These UITs could have detrimental consequences for the course of the disorder itself, and they should be adequately addressed in both the assessment and treatment of these patients.
Pathways to and factors associated with rape stigma experienced by rape survivors in South Africa: Analysis of baseline data from a rape cohort
Authors: Jewkes Rachel , Mhlongo Shibe , Chirwa Esnat , Seedat Soraya , Myers Bronwyn , Peer Nasheeta , Garcia‐Moreno Claudia , Dunkle Kristin , Abrahams Naeemah
Published: June 2021

Rape stigma, both external and self‐stigmatization (self‐blame), is associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding its origins and resilience factors is critical for reducing and preventing it. We describe the prevalence of rape stigma, the characteristics of women experiencing it and the pathways to experiencing greater stigma. The Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation study enrolled 852 women aged 16–40 years who had been raped from post‐rape care centres in Durban, South Africa. We present a descriptive analysis of the baseline data, a multinomial logistic regression model of factors associated with different levels of stigma and a structural equation model (SEM). Most women reported stigmatizing thoughts or experiences, with self‐stigmatizing thoughts being more prevalent than external stigmatization. The multinomial model showed that experiences of childhood or other trauma, emotional intimate partner violence (IPV), having less gender equitable attitudes and food insecurity were significantly associated with medium or high versus low levels of stigma. Internal and external stigma were significantly associated with each other. Women who had been previously raped reported less stigma. The SEM showed a direct path between food insecurity and rape stigma, with poorer women experiencing more stigma. Indirect paths were mediated by more traditional gender attitudes and childhood trauma experience and other trauma exposure. Our findings confirm the intersectionality of rape stigma, with its structural drivers of food insecurity and gender inequality, as well as its strong association with prior trauma exposure. Rape survivors may benefit from gender‐empowering psychological support that addresses blame and shame.
In Vivo Cigarette Smoke Exposure to Examine the Expression of Genes Involved in the Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Uterus
Authors: Budani Maria Cristina , Carletti Erminia , Tiboni Gian Mario
Published: June 2021

Cigarette smoke may impair uterine function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. In this article, we describe the methodology for whole‐body exposure to cigarette smoke together with assessment of the impact of this exposure on the expression of a panel of genes related to stress and toxicity pathways in mouse uteri using an in vivo model. C57BL/6 mice are whole‐body‐exposed to three cigarettes daily, 7 days/week, for 2 months using a specific rodent ventilator. Uteri are then collected and subjected to qRT‐PCR analysis using the Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler PCR Array (Qiagen). Cigarette smoke was found to be associated with an upregulation (≥2‐fold) of C‐reactive protein (Crp; 2.65‐fold, p‐value = 0.02), growth arrest and DNA‐damage‐inducible45γ (Gadd45γ; 2.11‐fold, p‐value = 0.04), interferon γ (Ifnγ; 2.05‐fold, p‐value = 0.01), and interleukin1α (Il1α; 7.74‐fold, p‐value = 0.003) and downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase‐9 (Mmp9; −2.42‐fold, p‐value = 0.01). The protocol used in this study may represent a new experimental model of mouse in vivo mainstream exposure to cigarette smoke. In addition, the resulting overexpression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in cell cycle proliferation, together with the downregulation of extracellular matrix metallopeptidases, may represent a toxicological response to cigarette smoke exposure, with potential repercussion for the processes of uterine remodeling and growth that are essential for uterine receptiveness. A recommendation to expand upon this research area is made. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Cytologic features of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Hao , Bruner Evelyn T. , Yang Jack
Published: June 2021

As one of the SMARCB1‐deficient tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the liver is a rare and aggressive malignancy, typically in young children below the age of 3 years. The diagnosis of MRT of the liver is challenging both clinically and pathologically due to the rarity of the tumor and misdiagnosing it as a hepatoblastoma is not uncommon. Although MRT of the liver and hepatoblastoma share some similar clinical and morphological features, their prognosis and the clinical management are significantly different. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of MRT or hepatoblastoma is critical for patient care. Here we report a case of an 8‐month‐old female with MRT of the liver diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and core biopsy. The cytologic and histological features, the results of immunohistochemical studies, and clinical follow‐up information are presented. Recent literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this tumor were reviewed.
What's in fake ‘Xanax’?: A dosage survey of designer benzodiazepines in counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets
Authors: Blakey Karen , Thompson Amanda , Matheson Abbey , Griffiths Andrew
Published: June 2021

The identification of a range of different drugs within counterfeit benzodiazepine tablets has been widely reported; however, limited information is available on the dosage of these products. A rapid dosage survey of 46 counterfeit benzodiazepine tablets from 20 seizures was conducted over a 6‐month period between April and September 2020. Existing methods utilised for the determination of benzodiazepines in toxicology specimens were applied to assess the dosage of four benzodiazepines detected across five different counterfeit benzodiazepine presentations. The highest dosage variation was observed for etizolam with a range of 0.7–8.3 mg per tablet. This report demonstrates the variability in drug content and dosage that can occur between visually similar counterfeit tablets, even when co‐packaged within the same seizure, highlighting the potential public harm posed by these counterfeit medications.
Metadata Made Easy: Develop and Use Domain‐Specific Metadata Schemes by following the dmdScheme approach
Authors: Krug Rainer M. , Petchey Owen L.
Published: June 2021

Metadata plays an essential role in the long‐term preservation, reuse, and interoperability of data. Nevertheless, creating useful metadata can be sufficiently difficult and weakly enough incentivized that many datasets may be accompanied by little or no metadata. One key challenge is, therefore, how to make metadata creation easier and more valuable. We present a solution that involves creating domain‐specific metadata schemes that are as complex as necessary and as simple as possible. These goals are achieved by co‐development between a metadata expert and the researchers (i.e., the data creators). The final product is a bespoke metadata scheme into which researchers can enter information (and validate it) via the simplest of interfaces: a web browser application and a spreadsheet.

We provide the R package dmdScheme (dmdScheme: An R package for working with domain specific MetaData schemes (Version v0.9.22), 2019) for creating a template domain‐specific scheme. We describe how to create a domain‐specific scheme from this template, including the iterative co‐development process, and the simple methods for using the scheme, and simple methods for quality assessment, improvement, and validation.

The process of developing a metadata scheme following the outlined approach was successful, resulting in a metadata scheme which is used for the data generated in our research group. The validation quickly identifies forgotten metadata, as well as inconsistent metadata, therefore improving the quality of the metadata. Multiple output formats are available, including XML.

Making the provision of metadata easier while also ensuring high quality must be a priority for data curation initiatives. We show how both objectives are achieved by close collaboration between metadata experts and researchers to create domain‐specific schemes. A near‐future priority is to provide methods to interface domain‐specific schemes with general metadata schemes, such as the Ecological Metadata Language, to increase interoperability.
Community action on natural flood management and the governance of acatchment‐basedapproach in theUK
Authors: Garvey Alice , Paavola Jouni
Published: June 2021

There is increasing interest in natural flood management (NFM) and the delivery of public environmental goods. Yet the implementation of NFM can be ad‐hoc and is regionally diverse. Communities often play a role in NFM and thus we assess NFM governance in the UK and communities' position within it. We develop a theoretical framework using the concepts of public goods, social capital, collective action and polycentrism and use it to examine the governance of the design and implementation of NFM in Pickering and Calderdale in Yorkshire, to contribute to a debate on how NFM should be managed, by whom, and under what governance arrangements. Drawing on stakeholder interviews, we find that the participation of community flood groups (CFGs) in NFM improved community access to strategic conversations on flood risk management (FRM). In turn CFGs raised the public profile of NFM, enabled the deployment of NFM measures, and helped to generate the evidence base on them. We conclude that there is a need for a polycentric communityandcatchment‐based approach to better coordinate NFM governance across and between scales, to support community access and contribution to flood risk strategy, and to foster sustainable flood risk management.
“Nothing Feels Better than Getting Paid”: Sex Working Trans Latinas’ Meanings and Uses of Money
Authors: Bolivar Andrea
Published: June 2021

Based on ethnographic research with transgender Latinas in Chicago, this article answers Susana Narotzky and Niko Besnier's (2014) invitation to think “economy otherwise.” I contend that in order to think “economy otherwise” we must think it queerly, and attend to feminist ways money animates possibilities beyond racist‐cisgenderism. I bring together economic anthropology, feminist anthropology, and queer of color critique to queer money, specifically money earned from sexual labor performed by transgender Latinas. An ethnographic examination of trans Latina sex workers’ lives reveals that money accessed through sexual labor is assigned a number of queer and contested meanings. Its use is based in feminist ethics that eschew dominant economic logics in favor of building relations of care. It enables the creation of transgender bodies, and the development of queer networks of care with biological and chosen kin, in the U.S. and beyond. Trans Latinas, then, use money from sex work to support trans Latina ways of being that exceed the racist‐cisgenderism. Sometimes, however, their uses of money reinforce racist‐cisgenderism. I argue that the women's fraught uses of money reveal the complex intersections that sustain racist‐cisgenderism, and how they are experienced and negotiated in people's everyday lives.
Dietary phytochemicals modulate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ganesan Kumar , Quiles José L. , Daglia Maria , Xiao Jianbo , Xu Baojun
Published: June 2021

The intestinal epithelium acts as a key defensive barrier that protects internal organs from the detrimental gut environment. The homeostasis of the gut epithelium may be altered by environmental conditions and exogenous pathogens that can impair the integrity of the gut barrier, leading to immune response associated with low‐grade systemic inflammation, a known contributor to metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a collection of abnormalities of the immune system, in which the immune system of an individual acts against healthy organs or systems, due to a failure in antigenic recognition. Hence, this review aims to focus on modulators of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction with effects on autoimmune disorders. All data on dietary phytochemicals and their impact on the modulation of the intestinal epithelium barrier and various ADs were collected from electronic searches of library databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar by finding the keywords “phytochemicals” AND “bioactive compounds” AND “flavonoids” AND “polyphenols” OR “intestinal epithelium barrier” OR “autoimmune diseases” OR “inflammatory diseases” in “Title/Abstract/Keywords,” with the date from January 2011 to December 2020, to identify all published studies (in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and case‐control) that have investigated the connection between dietary phytochemicals and their various beneficial effects. Dietary phytochemicals are promising key modulators, stabilizing the integrity of the intestinal barrier and attenuating the progression of ADs. Health‐modulatory information was gathered and orchestrated in a suitable place in this review.
Best Practices for Communicating Climate Science for Fisheries Professionals
Authors: Neal J Wesley , Claussen Julie E , Douglas Marlis R , Spencer Erin T , Tracy Erin , Blasius Heidi , Mackey Theresa , Hall Carolyn J , Kusnierz Paul C , Douglas Michael E , Bonar Scott
Published: June 2021

Climate change has been documented for over 120 years with increasing scientific rigor, and its impacts are already observable in marine and freshwater fisheries. But after decades of communication to underscore the validity of these changes, and the urgency for action, a large component of the public and many elected officials deny the scientific consensus and reject the need for action. Therefore, we outline a more effective strategy to convey the climate message to stakeholders and inspire them to act.
The impact of graph construction scheme and community detection algorithm on the repeatability of community and hub identification in structural brain networks
Authors: Dimitriadis Stavros I. , Messaritaki Eirini , K. Jones Derek
Published: June 2021

A critical question in network neuroscience is how nodes cluster together to form communities, to form the mesoscale organisation of the brain. Various algorithms have been proposed for identifying such communities, each identifying different communities within the same network. Here, (using test–retest data from the Human Connectome Project), the repeatability of thirty‐three community detection algorithms, each paired with seven different graph construction schemes were assessed. Repeatability of community partition depended heavily on both the community detection algorithm and graph construction scheme. Hard community detection algorithms (in which each node is assigned to only one community) outperformed soft ones (in which each node can belong to more than one community). The highest repeatability was observed for the fast multi‐scale community detection algorithm paired with a graph construction scheme that combines nine white matter metrics. This pair also gave the highest similarity between representative group community affiliation and individual community affiliation. Connector hubs had higher repeatability than provincial hubs. Our results provide a workflow for repeatable identification of structural brain networks communities, based on the optimal pairing of community detection algorithm and graph construction scheme.
Survival and toxicity in patients with human papilloma virus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer receiving trimodality therapy including transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Sun Lova , Shimunov David , Tan Erik X. , Swisher‐Mcclure Samuel , Lin Alexander , Lukens John N. , Basu Devraj , Chalian Ara A. , Cannady Steven B. , Newman Jason G. , Rajasekaran Karthik , O'Malley Bert W. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Loevner Laurie A. , Aggarwal Charu , Singh Aditi , Cohen Roger B. , Bauml Joshua M. , Brody Robert M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Patients with oropharyngeal cancer who undergo transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and have high‐risk features generally receive adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or trimodality therapy (TMT). The notion that TMT leads to high toxicity is largely based on studies that included human papilloma virus (HPV)‐negative cancers and/or nonrobotic surgery; we sought to describe outcomes in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (HPV + OPSCC) undergoing TORS‐TMT.

Methods

In consecutive patients with HPV + OPSCC receiving TMT at an academic center from 2010 to 2017, survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methodology, and toxicities were ascertained via chart review.

Results

In our cohort of 178 patients, 5‐year survival was 93.6%. Feeding tube rates were 25.8% at therapy completion and 0.7% at 1 year. Rates of grade ≥ 3 kidney injury, anemia, and neutropenia in cisplatin‐treated patients were 2.7%, 3.4%, and 11.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with HPV + OPSCC who underwent TORS‐TMT had excellent survival and low rates of toxicity and feeding tube dependence. These outcomes compare favorably to historical cohorts treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.
Splicing Factor SLU7 Prevents Oxidative Stress‐Mediated Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Degradation, Preserving Hepatic Differentiation and Protecting From Liver Damage
Authors: Gárate‐Rascón María , Recalde Miriam , Jimenez Maddalen , Elizalde María , Azkona María , Uriarte Iker , Latasa M. Uxue , Urtasun Raquel , Bilbao Idoia , Sangro Bruno , Garcia‐Ruiz Carmen , Fernandez‐Checa José C. , Corrales Fernando J , Esquivel Argitxu , Pineda‐Lucena Antonio , Fernández‐Barrena Maite G. , Ávila Matías A. , Arechederra María , Berasain Carmen
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims

Hepatocellular dedifferentiation is emerging as an important determinant in liver disease progression. Preservation of mature hepatocyte identity relies on a set of key genes, predominantly the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) but also splicing factors like SLU7. How these factors interact and become dysregulated and the impact of their impairment in driving liver disease are not fully understood.

Approach and Results

Expression of SLU7 and that of the adult and oncofetal isoforms of HNF4α, driven by its promoter 1 (P1) and P2, respectively, was studied in diseased human and mouse livers. Hepatic function and damage response were analyzed in wild‐type and Slu7‐haploinsufficient/heterozygous (Slu7+/−
) mice undergoing chronic (CCl4) and acute (acetaminophen) injury. SLU7 expression was restored in CCl4‐injured mice using SLU7‐expressing adeno‐associated viruses (AAV‐SLU7). The hepatocellular SLU7 interactome was characterized by mass spectrometry. Reduced SLU7 expression in human and mouse diseased livers correlated with a switch in HNF4α P1 to P2 usage. This response was reproduced in Slu7+/−
mice, which displayed increased sensitivity to chronic and acute liver injury, enhanced oxidative stress, and marked impairment of hepatic functions. AAV‐SLU7 infection prevented liver injury and hepatocellular dedifferentiation. Mechanistically we demonstrate a unique role for SLU7 in the preservation of HNF4α1 protein stability through its capacity to protect the liver against oxidative stress. SLU7 is herein identified as a key component of the stress granule proteome, an essential part of the cell’s antioxidant machinery.

Conclusions

Our results place SLU7 at the highest level of hepatocellular identity control, identifying SLU7 as a link between stress‐protective mechanisms and liver differentiation. These findings emphasize the importance of the preservation of hepatic functions in the protection from liver injury.
Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads
Authors: Chen Yuanying , Destouni Georgia , Goldenberg Romain , Prieto Carmen
Published: June 2021

Distinction between active and legacy sources of nutrients is needed for effective reduction of waterborne nutrient loads and associated eutrophication. This study quantifies main typological differences in nutrient load behaviour versus water discharge for active and legacy sources. This quantitative typology is used for source attribution based on monitoring data for water discharge and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) from 37 catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden over the period 2003–2013. Results indicate dominant legacy source contributions to the monitored loads of TN and TP in most (33 of the total 37) study catchments. Dominant active sources are indicated in 1 catchment for TN, and mixed sources are indicated in 3 catchments for TN, and 4 catchments for TP. The TN and TP concentration contributions are quantified to be overall higher from the legacy than the active sources. Legacy concentrations also correlate well with key indicators of human activity in the catchments, agricultural land share for TN (R2 = 0.65) and population density for TP (R2 = 0.56). Legacy‐dominated nutrient concentrations also change more slowly than in catchments with dominant active or mixed sources. Various data‐based results and indications converge in indicating legacy source contributions as largely dominant, mainly anthropogenic, and with near‐zero average change trends in the present study of catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden, as in other parts of the world. These convergent indications emphasize needs to identify and map the different types of sources in each catchment, and differentiate strategies and measures to target each source type for possible achievement of shorter‐ and longer‐term goals of water quality improvement.
Evaluation of a collaborative group intervention for mothers with moderate to severe perinatal mental illness and their infants in Australia
Authors: Irvine Adrienne , Rawlinson Catherine , Bor William , Hoehn Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

Perinatal mental illness is a known risk to maternal–infant attachment and healthy infant development. Mothers experiencing complex mental health issues in the first year following birth are less likely to become involved in parenting programs or day stay interventions because of their mental health difficulties and perceived stigma. Currently, most perinatal day or group treatment programs only include the mother and not their infant. This paper describes “Together in Mind,” a perinatal and infant mental health day program developed by the Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health, targeting mothers with moderate to severe mental illness and their infants under 12 months. The service model was a 6‐week, 1 day per week psychoeducation intervention. Psychoeducational material and support were provided across each day session by an adult perinatal mental health clinician, an infant mental health clinician, and a child health nurse working in collaboration. The program was trialed across seven Hospital and Health Service sites in Queensland, Australia, during 2016–18. In total, 24 group day programs were delivered with 84 mothers and their infants. Pre and post intervention quantitative measures and a post‐program qualitative survey about participant satisfaction were collected. Statistically significant improvements in all quantitative measures showed a large to medium effect size on the: Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) (d = 0.82; p < .000); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21) (d = 0.5; p < .000); Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) (d = 0.63; p < .000); Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) (d = 0.49; p < .000), Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social‐Emotional (6 months) (d = 0.83; p < .000). The results indicate collaboration and early intervention contributes to strengthening the emerging development of the maternal–infant relationship within the context of complex maternal mental health issues.
Should attendance for preclinical simulation and clinical education be mandatory?
Authors: Saeed Sophia G. , Bain Jennifer L. , Khoo Edmund , Siqueira Walter L. , van der Hoeven Ransome
Published: June 2021

Mandatory attendance, particularly in didactic settings, is a highly debated topic in higher education, including dental education. Within dental education, a large portion of education occurs in preclinical laboratories and clinical environments. There is little to no research on attendance in these settings in dental schools. This point/counterpoint paper examines the pros and cons of mandatory attendance in these highly specialized educational settings. With the backdrop of the COVID‐19 pandemic that began in March 2020 and continues to impact dental education at the time of publication, this topic has become even more relevant. Viewpoint 1 claims that attendance should be mandatory because a greater exposure to preclinical and clinical environments helps foster better clinical hand skills, critical thinking, decision‐making, problem‐solving skills, and an overall sense of professional identity. It goes on further to suggest that there may be a link between attendance and performance in exams and that attendance is part of the dental school's responsibility. Viewpoint 2 argues that the rationale for attendance is complex, and that creating learning environments that are psychologically safe will incentivize students to attend, even without mandatory attendance policies. Furthermore, it explains that technological advances have allowed dental schools to think creatively about asynchronous learning, which by its very nature does not require attendance at a given time. The authors of both viewpoints conclude that the preclinical and clinical education and experience are critical dental education and that dental school leaders should focus on improving the quality of these experiences.
Mainstreaming climate adaptation into social protection: The issues yet to be addressed
Authors: Kundo Hare Krisna , Brueckner Martin , Spencer Rochelle , Davis John
Published: June 2021

As the consequences of climate change become better understood, there is growing agreement among development practitioners and academics on the need for mainstreaming climate adaptation into social protection. This review paper assesses the progress in mainstreaming efforts, revealing that there has been considerable progress made to date. However, a number of critical issues relating to the challenges of such mainstreaming in the context of developing countries and the conceptual framework needed to assess the outcomes of such developmental programmes are yet to be addressed. These issues are examined in this paper.
Including non‐English language articles in systematic reviews: A reflection on processes for identifying low‐cost sources of translation support
Authors: Rockliffe Lauren
Published: June 2021

Non‐English language (NEL) articles are commonly excluded from published systematic reviews. The high cost associated with professional translation services and associated time commitment are often cited as barriers. Whilst there is debate as to the impact of excluding such articles from systematic reviews, doing so can introduce various biases. In order to encourage researchers to consider including these articles in future reviews, this paper aims to reflect on the experience and process of conducting a systematic review which included NEL articles. It provides an overview of the different approaches used to identify sources of low‐cost translation support and considers the relative merits of, among others, seeking support through universities, social media, word‐of‐mouth, and use of personal contacts.
Labyrinthine destruction caused by inflammatory pseudotumor of the temporal bone: A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Imamura Kanako , Hosoya Makoto , Kasuya Kento , Shimanuki Marie N. , Shinden Seiichi , Ogawa Kaoru , Oishi Naoki
Published: June 2021

Background

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) are rare, idiopathic, and inflammatory lesions that are histopathologically benign. Here, we present three cases of labyrinthine destruction caused by an IPT.

Methods

The first patient was a 74‐year‐old male with a mass lesion extending from the inner ear to the external ear canal. The second patient was a 62‐year‐old female with a foliated polycystic lesion in the petrous bone on the dorsal side of the left internal auditory canal. The third patient was a 68‐year‐old female with a mass extending from the inner ear to the middle ear, destroying the semicircular canal and cochlea.

Results

In two cases, we performed surgical resection successfully with no recurrence. In the other case, the lesion showed shrinkage after chemotherapy for colorectal cancer incidentally found during the examination process.

Conclusion

Surgical technique and indication for IPT should be based on the location and function of the lesion. In addition, there is room to consider pharmacotherapy as a treatment option for IPT of the temporal bone.

Level of Evidence

4.
Organic matter removal for continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of calcite or dolomite in organic‐rich samples
Authors: Chaduteau Carine , Ader Magali , Lebeau Oanez , Landais Guillaume , Busigny Vincent
Published: June 2021

δ13C and δ18O values of carbonate in organic‐rich samples such as soils, biofilms, and lake sediments have been scarcely used so far in paleo‐environmental, biomineralization, or diagenetic studies because organic matter in high proportions is suspected to alter carbonate isotope analysis. Yet, with the improvement of analytical capabilities and in particular the use of CF‐IRMS, this may not be an issue anymore. To evaluate this, δ13C and δ18O values of calcite or dolomite mixed in various proportions with yeast (used here as a model for immature organic matter) were measured. The results indicate that measurements of calcite or dolomite δ13C and δ18O by CF‐IRMS require organic matter removal only when its weight proportion exceeds that of carbonates. Yeast generated an unidentified molecule during phosphoric acid digestion at 25°C (none at 80°C), which shifted the carbonate δ18O values for yeast proportions higher than 50%. It also generated CO2, but with a noticeable shift in δ13C and δ18O values only at 80°C (none at 25°C) and for yeast proportions higher than 75%. Three methods of organic matter removal were tested: the well‐established NaOCl and H2O2 wet treatments as well as low temperature plasma ashing (LTA) so far seldom examined. LTA removed the isotope shifts, although imperfectly for yeast proportions of 95%, without carbonate dissolution. NaOCl efficiently removed the isotope shifts in all cases but dissolved part of the calcite and dolomite. H2O2 treatment caused severe dissolution of calcite and dolomite while worsening the δ13C and δ18O shifts and should thus be avoided.
MH advocates laud Supreme Court decision to uphold ACA
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2021

Many say the third time is a charm. Such is the case following last week's 7–2 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the Affordable Care Act (ACA) — the third such challenge since its passage in 2010. The move helps to retain important protections for health and mental health care coverage for millions of Americans.
Third‐order differential subordinations for multivalent functions in the theory of source‐sink dynamics
Authors: Morais João , Zayed Hanaa M. , Srivastava Rekha
Published: June 2021

We propose third‐order differential subordination results associated with new admissible classes of multivalent functions defined in the open unit disk on the complex plane. Besides, we investigate the geometric properties of multivalent functions associated with a novel convolution operator. This is done by taking suitable linear combinations of the classical Gaussian hypergeometric function and its derivatives up to third‐order and applying the Hadamard product (or convolution) formula for power series. The complex velocity potential and the stream function of two‐dimensional potential flow problems over a circular cylinder using both sources with sink and two sources are treated by the methods developed in the present paper. We further determine the fluid flow produced by a single source and construct a univalent function so that the image of source/sink is also source/sink for a given complex potential. Finally, some plot simulations are provided to illustrate the different results of this work.
Control of tightly focused laser beams in the THz range
Authors: Degtyarev Andrey V. , Dubinin Mykola M. , Gurin Oleg V. , Maslov Vyacheslav A. , Muntean Konstantin I. , Ryabyh Valeriy N. , Senyuta Vladislav S.
Published: June 2021

The possibility for control of tightly focused laser beams excited by the resonator modes of a THz laser based on a hollow circular dielectric waveguide is studied theoretically and experimentally. The wavelength of the radiation under study is 0.4326 mm corresponding to the generation line of the optically pumped HCOOH‐molecule THz laser. The focusing system is implemented by a short‐focus lens covered by absorbing masks in the central region. The focal area parameters were controlled by changing the size of the masks. The electric field components of the laser modes are calculated using the Rayleigh‐Sommerfeld integral transformations under non‐paraxial approximation. The use of absorbing masks made it possible to reduce the beam diameter in the focal region and increase the depth of focus of the linearly polarized EH11‐mode and azimuthally polarized TE01‐mode as well. In this case, despite of the presence of an absorbing mask, the distribution of the total field intensity of the TE01‐mode retained its annular shape, and the field maximum of the EH11‐mode is observed at center of the focal spot. The results of this work can be implemented in medical diagnostics, high‐speed communications, and environmental monitoring.
Microstrip leaky wave antenna for wide range of beam scanning in X band
Authors: Belen Aysu , Güneş Filiz , Belen Mehmet A. , Mahouti Peyman
Published: June 2021

In this work, design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna is presented for X‐band applications as a leaky wave antenna (LWA) realization. Due to the advantages of simple design schematic, low profile, and easy impedance matching, LWA designs have been using as an efficient solution for reconfigurable antenna in many wireless communication applications. Optimization and simulation of the proposed LWA is carried out in 3‐D Microwave simulation CST environment and Honey Bee Mating is used as the optimization algorithm. Dimensions of the proposed LWA is 130 × 30 mm, which is fabricated on Rogers 5880 as capacitive loaded eight identical rectangular microstrip patches operating over 9.5‐12 GHz with a fractional bandwidth. The proposed LWA exhibits a measured peak gain of 11.8 dBi at 10 GHz with an overall gain characteristic of between 9.5 and 11.8 dBi over the range of 9.5 to 12 GHz with a steerable pattern characteristics between −45 and 50° as agreed with the theory. Furthermore, the fabricated LWA has been found to have the superior performance as compared with its counterparts.
32‐Channel self‐grounded bow‐tie transceiver array for cardiac MR at 7.0T
Authors: Eigentler Thomas Wilhelm , Kuehne Andre , Boehmert Laura , Dietrich Sebastian , Els Antje , Waiczies Helmar , Niendorf Thoralf
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Design, implementation, evaluation, and application of a 32‐channel Self‐Grounded Bow‐Tie (SGBT) transceiver array for cardiac MR (CMR) at 7.0T.

Methods

The array consists of 32 compact SGBT building blocks. Transmission field () shimming and radiofrequency safety assessment were performed with numerical simulations and benchmarked against phantom experiments. In vivo efficiency mapping was conducted with actual flip angle imaging. The array’s applicability for accelerated high spatial resolution 2D FLASH CINE imaging of the heart was examined in a volunteer study (n = 7).

Results

shimming provided a uniform field distribution suitable for female and male subjects. Phantom studies demonstrated an excellent agreement between simulated and measured efficiency maps (7% mean difference). The SGBT array afforded a spatial resolution of (0.8 × 0.8 × 2.5) mm3 for 2D CINE FLASH which is by a factor of 12 superior to standardized cardiovascular MR (CMR) protocols. The density of the SGBT array supports 1D acceleration of up to R = 4 (mean signal‐to‐noise ratio (whole heart) ≥ 16.7, mean contrast‐to‐noise ratio ≥ 13.5) without impairing image quality significantly.

Conclusion

The compact SGBT building block facilitates a modular high‐density array that supports accelerated and high spatial resolution CMR at 7.0T. The array provides a technological basis for future clinical assessment of parallel transmission techniques.
Proposed Standard Weight (Ws) Equation and Length Categories for Utah Chub
Authors: Black Aaron R. , Beard Zachary S. , Flinders Jon M. , Quist Michael C.
Published: June 2021

Condition indices, such as relative weight (Wr), provide a simple method for comparing length–weight relationships among populations. However, no standard weight (Ws) equation has been developed for Utah Chub Gila  atraria, a species of important management focus in the Intermountain West. We obtained length–weight data for 30,541 Utah Chub from 24 populations in Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming. We used the regression line percentile (RLP), linear empirical percentile (EmP), and quadratic EmP methods to develop average (50th percentile) and above average (75th percentile) Ws equations. Additionally, Froese’s method was used to develop another Ws equation for Utah Chub. Length-related biases were detected in Ws equations developed using the RLP, 50th percentile quadratic EmP, and Froese methods. The linear EmP Ws equations did not exhibit length-related biases for the 50th and 75th percentiles. We propose using the 75th percentile linear EmP Ws equation for Utah Chub between 90 and 410 mm TL. The EmP 75th percentile equation was log10(Ws) = −4.938 + 3.031·log10(TL), where Ws is weight in grams and TL is in millimeters. The English equivalent of this equation is log10(Ws) = −3.335 + 3.031·log10(TL), where Ws is weight in pounds and TL is in inches for 4–16-in Utah Chub. Additionally, we propose that minimum TLs of 100 mm (4 in; stock), 200 mm (8 in; quality), 250 mm (10 in; preferred), 300 mm (12 in; memorable), and 380 mm (15 in; trophy) be used to calculate proportional size distribution (PSD) indices. Better understanding Utah Chub populations using Wr and PSDs will aid managers in assessing management strategies (e.g., biological controls) focused on Utah Chub.
Ecological Assessment and Evaluation of Potential Eradication Approaches for Introduced Redside Shiners in a Montane Lake
Authors: Smith Troy W. , Liermann Brad W. , Eby Lisa A.
Published: June 2021

Introduced species can alter the dynamics of food webs, species interactions, populations, and communities and can reduce a system’s recreational value. Several reports have documented the establishment of Redside Shiners Richardsonius balteatus in mountain lakes, resulting in declines in sizes and abundance of salmonid species. An illegal bait bucket release introduced Redside Shiners into Green Canyon Lake, Montana, USA, in the 1980s. Recently, local anglers began complaining of decreases in size and catch rates of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. Our first objective was to understand the diet overlap between Redside Shiners and WCT in Green Canyon Lake. Based on δ15N and δ13C isotopic signatures and diet contents, we found little evidence that WCT were substantially preying upon Redside Shiners. We found moderate diet overlap between WCT and Redside Shiners, with both species predominately feeding on Diptera. For our second objective, we developed a population model to assess potential options for eradicating Redside Shiners. We observed Redside Shiners up to 7 years of age and with a maximum TL of 159 mm, high annual survival (50%), and mature females at age 2. We used an age-structured model to evaluate two hypothetical suppression actions: piscicide application and stocking of Rainbow Trout O. mykiss. Four consecutive piscicide treatments had a 20% probability of eradicating Redside Shiners, increasing to a 100% eradication probability after seven treatments. Bioenergetic simulations indicated that an individual Rainbow Trout (500 g) would consume 1,759 g of Redside Shiners annually. Incorporating this predation mortality and a compensatory response (50% increase in age-1 survival), we estimated that maintained abundances of up to 700 Rainbow Trout would not cause a decline in the Redside Shiner population. Our results suggest that eradication of an introduced prey fish like the Redside Shiner would be difficult and that effective removal will require dedicated effort and resources by managers.
Semi‐analytical smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics correction factors for polynomial kernels and piecewise‐planar boundaries
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec , Esmail‐Yakas Anton
Published: June 2021

This work presents a method of exactly and efficiently evaluating integrals of compactly supported (and otherwise) polynomial radial kernels near piecewise‐planar boundaries. The technique is motivated by and has an immediate application in the smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics method employing the semi‐analytical boundary formulation. The current implementation is exact and fully general, avoiding any need for symbolic or numerical integration which previous implementations rely on. A detailed derivation and three compact implementations are provided and the latter can be easily modified to fit new and existing simulation codes. Applications and good performance are demonstrated on a number of test problems, where the semi‐analytical boundary method can simulate complex boundaries using roughly half the boundary particles required in a ghost particle boundary method.
The use of oral and enteral tube‐fed arginine supplementation in pressure injury care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheshmeh Sahar , Hojati Niloofar , Mohammadi Arman , Rahmani Negin , Moradi Shima , Pasdar Yahya , Elahi Negin
Published: June 2021

Aim

Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most common complications related to immobility, especially in hospitalized patients, which lead to increased morbidity, infection and overall decreased quality of life. Arginine supplementation may prevent the development of PIs. This study has summarized the findings of studies on the effect of arginine supplementation on PI healing.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

This study was conducted on online electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant clinical trial studies up to September 2020. The pooled effect size of arginine supplement effects on PI was evaluated with standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis with 196 patients. PIs were significantly improved with Arginine supplementation (SMD: −0.6; CI 95%: −0.9 to −0.3, I2: 72.5%, p = .001). Subgroup analysis showed that administering Arginine supplement more than 15 g/day had more beneficial effects on the healing of PIs (SMD: −2.8; CI 95%: −4.08 to −1.52, I2: 54.7%, p = .138).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the administration of Arginine supplement in patients with PIs can accelerate the healing of this type of ulcer. Arginine is a supplement, and primary treatment is still needed to optimize PI healing. Therefore, arginine supplementation in addition to primary treatment seems to be an appropriate approach for the healing of PIs. Further well‐designed studies are necessary to prevent the development of PIs compared to their primary treatment.