bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label‐free diagnosis for colorectal cancer through coffee ring‐assisted surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy on blood serum
Authors: Hong Yan , Li Yongqiang , Huang Libin , He Wei , Wang Shouxu , Wang Chong , Zhou Guoyun , Chen Yuanming , Zhou Xin , Huang Yifeng , Huang Wen , Gong Tianxun , Zhou Zongguang
Published: January 2020

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is garnering considerable attention for the swift diagnosis of pathogens and abnormal biological status, that is, cancers. In this work, a simple, fast and inexpensive optical sensing platform is developed by the design of SERS sampling and data analysis. The pretreatment of spectral measurement employed gold nanoparticle colloid mixing with the serum from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The droplet of particle‐serum mixture formed coffee‐ring‐like region at the rim, providing strong and stable SERS profiles. The obtained spectra from cancer patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised machine learning model, such as support‐vector machine (SVM), respectively. The results demonstrate that the SVM model provides the superior performance in the classification of CRC diagnosis compared with PCA. In addition, the values of carcinoembryonic antigen from the blood samples were compiled with the corresponding SERS spectra for SVM calculation, yielding improved prediction results.
Ezh2 Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Activating TNFSF13B
Authors: Du Xiaotian , Chen Yishan , Zhang Qin , Lin Junxin , Yu Yeke , Pan Zongyou , Sun Heng , Yuan Chunhui , Yu Dongsheng , Wu Haoyu , Zhang Xiaoan , Dai Jun , Zhu Shouan , Zhou Yiting , Ouyang Hongwei
Published: January 2020

Epigenetic regulation is highly correlated with osteoarthritis (OA) development, whereas its role and detailed mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we explored the expression of EZH2, an H3K27me3 transferase, in human OA cartilages and its roles in regulating OA pathogenesis. Here, we found EZH2 was highly expressed in both mice and human OA cartilage samples by using histological analysis and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The medial meniscectomy (MMx) OA model results indicated the conditional knockout of Ezh2 deteriorated OA pathological conditions. Furthermore, we showed the positive role of Ezh2 in cartilage wound healing and inhibition of hypertrophy through activating TNFSF13B, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Further, we also indicated that the effect of TNFSF13B, increased by Ezh2, might boost the healing of chondrocytes through increasing the phosphorylation of Akt. Taken together, our results uncovered an EZH2-positive subpopulation existed in OA patients, and that EZH2-TNFSF13B signaling was responsible for regulating chondrocyte healing and hypertrophy. Thus, EZH2 might act as a new potential target for OA diagnosis and treatment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Challenging the patient and therapist during evolving phases of a veteran's treatment within a strong public–private partnership
Authors: Spray Amanda M. , Wen Irina , Price Laura E. , Marmar Charles R.
Published: January 2020

Veterans Health Administration (VA) Medical Centers provide excellent care for many veterans. However, there are a number of veterans who are ineligible or choose not to access mental health treatment at the VA. To meet the needs of those veterans and of military family members, private centers have emerged to fill in gaps where care is unavailable or scarce. This paper describes how one such center, the Steven A. Cohen Military Family Center at NYU Langone Health, partnered with the local VA hospital to give one veteran ineligible for free mental health services the care he desperately needed. The case demonstrates the transformative work that can take place when public–private partnerships are forged and evidence‐based treatments can be provided in a flexible way. It also illustrates the complexity of many veterans' presentations, which in this case required the therapist to continually challenge her conceptualization as she and the patient navigated different phases of his treatment.
The role of GABAergic neural circuits in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Di Jing , Li Jian , O’Hara Bruce , Alberts Ian , Xiong Lei , Li Jijun , Li Xiaohong
Published: January 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a heterogeneous range of neurodevelopmental conditions represented by symptoms including, communication and language deficits, repetitive, and restricted patterns of behavior and inadequate social interactions. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to mediate I responses in the central nervous system by interacting with GABA signaling receptors. In this context, several recent investigations suggest that imbalances in the GABAergic neurotransmission system may be implicated in the development of ASD as well as several other neurodevelopmental disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Rett syndrome. This review initially expounds the functional role of the GABAergic system in the mature brain and during neurodevelopment. This will be followed by discussions concerning the impact of deficiencies in the system on ASD and the other above‐mentioned neurodevelopment disorders. Finally, the connections between these deficiencies and behavioral features observed in the clinic will be considered.
Architectural correspondence, architectural misting, and innovation: New perspectives
Authors: Burton Nicholas , Sarpong David , O'Regan Nicholas
Published: January 2020

The relationship between innovation, product design, and industry co‐evolution remains under‐theorized. This article discusses gaps in knowledge and introduces the contributing papers in this special issue.
Organization and product design pairings: A review of product innovation capabilities, conceptualization, and future directions
Authors: Mafimisebi Oluwasoye P. , Obembe Demola , Aluko Oluwakayode
Published: January 2020

Product innovation capabilities significantly shape and determine the success of architectural pairings between organization design and product designs, and act as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This article draws on the resource‐based view of firms and market orientation theory to present a complementary view of the influence of product innovation capabilities on organization and product design pairings. Three complementary factors; market orientation, organizational form, and managerial strategic decisions, act as essential determinants for emergence of architectural pairings, by accounting for pairing selection processes, customer benefits, cost reduction and product development, and consequently superior organizational performance. We identify scope for future research to evaluate measures and validity of product innovation capability dimensions, and the extent of influence of the identified factors on architectural pairings.
The role of knowledge creation modes in architectural innovation
Authors: Azzam Ala'a , He Qile , Sarpong David
Published: January 2020

Knowledge creation modes (especially socialization and internalization) enhance architectural innovation (AI) capability of U.K. manufacturing firms. AI is the reconfiguration of product or process components and creating completely new interfaces between them. Knowledge creation modes enhance firms' AI to create new products while utilizing their architectural knowledge. Knowledge socialization and internalization are the most important modes that affect AI. Socialization helps to share tacit knowledge while internalization enables individuals to absorb and embody accumulated know‐how to envision new product ideas.
Mapping spatiotemporal decisions for sustainable productivity of bamboo forest land
Authors: Li Xuejian , Du Huaqiang , Mao Fangjie , Zhou Guomo , Xing Luqi , Liu Tengyan , Han Ning , Liu Enbing , Ge Hongli , Liu Yuli , Li Yangguang , Zhu Di'en , Zheng Junlong , Dong Luofan , Zhang Meng
Published: January 2020

Properly mapping the sustainability of bamboo forest production plays an important role in providing basic strategies for decision makers to ensure sustainable use of bamboo resources. Understanding the response pattern of drought, poor management, elevation, and barren soil to bamboo forest ecosystem productivity is critical to formulating appropriate improvement strategies of sustainable management of bamboo forest productivity for addressing growing challenges of bamboo forest land degradation. The objectives of this study were to quantify differences in productivity, meteorological, topographical, soil, and bamboo distribution and structure factors under different sustainable management levels of bamboo forest ecosystem productivity in order to support management decision making in a spatiotemporally explicit context. We constructed an innovative three‐layer index system for the sustainable management of bamboo forest productivity by integrating productivity, meteorological, soil, topographic, bamboo distribution, and structure factors to promote sustainable management and spatiotemporal decision making, particularly in bamboo forest areas with low productivity. The partial least squares (PLS) path model was used to analyze the spatiotemporal effects of different factors on bamboo forest productivity and to create sustainable management maps that could be used for spatially informed decision making regarding bamboo forest production. The results showed the spatial and temporal variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in bamboo forests. The sustainable management index was also mapped each year throughout the study area. We divided the index value range into five management‐friendly classes, which were shown to be directly related to GPP, NPP, NEE, Slope, Aspect, soil texture, hydrolytic nitrogen, and Abundance. We found that the areas with relatively high sustainable management levels (I and II) occupied only 18.94% of the bamboo forest area and exhibited a highly clustered distribution. Most of the other areas (78.67%) had relatively low levels of sustainable management (III and IV), and their distribution was rather scattered. The remaining 2.39% of the bamboo forest area that had the lowest sustainable management level (V) was small in area, fragmented, and not conducive to intensive management. The results of the present study can serve as a useful reference for bamboo forest management, which is of great importance for bamboo‐based ecosystems and economies.
Dynamics of inorganic carbon and pH in a large subtropical continental shelf system: Interaction between eutrophication, hypoxia, and ocean acidification
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Liu Jing , Uthaipan Khanittha , Song Xue , Xu Yi , He Biyan , Liu Hongbin , Gan Jianping , Dai Minhan
Published: January 2020

We examined the dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf in summer, aiming for a better understanding of the interaction between eutrophication, hypoxia, and ocean acidification. Using a semi‐analytical diagnostic approach based on validated multiple end‐member water mass mixing models, we showed a −191 ± 54 μmol kg−1 deficit in DIC concentrations in an extensive surface plume bulge, corresponding to a significant pH increase of ∼ 0.57 ± 0.19 units relative to conservative mixing. In contrast, DIC additions in the bottom hypoxic zone reached ∼ 139 ± 21 μmol kg−1, accompanied by a decrease in pH of −0.30 ± 0.04 units. In combination with stable carbon isotopic compositions, we found biological production and CO2 outgassing to be responsible for DIC deficits in surface waters, while degradation of organic matter (OM) accounted for DIC additions in bottom waters. The PRE‐NSCS plume system as a whole served as a net source of atmospheric CO2 from the perspective of Lagrangian observations, because strong CO2 outgassing in the inner estuary overwhelmed the CO2 uptake in the plume despite strong phytoplankton blooms. Using a two‐layer box model, we further estimated that at least ∼ 45 ± 13% of eutrophication‐driven OM production in the surface plume accounted for 67 ± 18% of the DIC addition and oxygen consumption in bottom waters. Eutrophication also buffered ocean acidification in surface waters while hypoxia enhanced it in bottom waters, but their effects on acid‐base buffering capacity were secondary to the amplification of coastal ocean acidification caused by freshwater inputs.
Increasing field strength versus advanced isotope labeling for NMR‐based fluxomics
Authors: Dinclaux Mickael , Cahoreau Edern , Millard Pierre , Létisse Fabien , Lippens Guy
Published: January 2020

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based fluxomics seeks to measure the incorporation of isotope labels in selected metabolites to follow kinetically the synthesis of the latter. It can however equally be used to understand the biosynthetic origin of the same metabolites. We investigate here different NMR approaches to optimize such experiments in terms of resolution and time requirement. Using the isoleucine biosynthesis as an example, we explore the use of different field strengths ranging from 500 MHz to 1.1 GHz. Because of the different field dependence of chemical shift and heteronuclear J couplings, the spectra change at different field strengths. We equally explore the approach to silence the leucine/valine methyl signals through the use of a suitable deuterated precursor, thereby allowing selective observation of the Ile 13C labeling pattern. Combining both approaches, we arrive at an efficient procedure for the NMR‐based exploration of Ile biosynthesis.
See the light: Optimization of put‐to‐light order picking systems
Authors: Boysen Nils , Füßler David , Stephan Konrad
Published: January 2020

Put‐to‐light order picking systems invert the basic logic of conventional picker‐to‐parts systems. Instead of successively visiting the storage positions of the stock keeping units (SKUs) when collecting picking orders, an order picker accompanies successive bins each containing multiple items of a specific SKU along a lane of subsequent orders. Whenever the picker passes an order requiring the current SKU, which is indicated by a light signal, she puts the requested number of items into the bin associated with the order. Such an order picking system is well‐suited if the assortment is not overly large and all orders demand similar SKUs, so that it is mainly applied in distribution centers of brick‐and‐mortar retail chains. This paper evaluates four different setups of put‐to‐light systems, which, during operations, require the solution of different storage assignment and SKU sequencing problems. We formulate these problems, prove computational complexity, and suggest suited solution algorithms. By applying these algorithms in a comprehensive computational study, we benchmark the impact of the four different setups on picking performance. In this way, warehouse managers receive decision support on how to set up their put‐to‐light systems.
Megachurch involvement at the local level: Examining conditions for church action in economic development
Authors: English Ashley E. , Dicke Lisa A.
Published: January 2020

The roles of small congregations and their social impacts are well known, but few theoretical studies investigate megachurch congregations. These mammoth organizations have the potential for advancing social good, but minimal research specifically focuses on the activities of these congregations in economic development (ED). This study addresses this dearth of information by answering the following research questions: (a) In what ways are megachurches involved in ED activities? (b) Who benefits from these programs and how are the programs offered? and (c) What factors influence megachurches to offer ED activities? We frame our investigation using both demand‐ and supply‐side arguments from Frumkin's (2002) model of nonprofit and voluntary action. Online survey data and follow‐up interviews with 42 megachurch leaders in the Dallas/Fort Worth and greater Houston areas show that megachurches are implementing ED activities in alignment with demand‐side explanations, especially when advancing opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed. However, supply‐side arguments provide more explanatory power, indicating that volunteer engagement with ED activities plays a significant role in the provision of ED services through megachurches. Our study offers a better understanding of why megachurches carry out ED activities with considerable attention devoted to how megachurches partner with other congregations, nonprofits, and government entities to encourage economic growth and improve the economic well‐being of community members.
Numerical analysis of a parabolic variational inequality system modeling biofilm growth at the porescale
Authors: Alhammali Azhar , Peszynska Malgorzata
Published: January 2020

In this article, we consider a system of two coupled nonlinear diffusion–reaction partial differential equations (PDEs) which model the growth of biofilm and consumption of the nutrient. At the scale of interest the biofilm density is subject to a pointwise constraint, thus the biofilm PDE is framed as a parabolic variational inequality. We derive rigorous error estimates for a finite element approximation to the coupled nonlinear system and confirm experimentally that the numerical approximation converges at the predicted rate. We also show simulations in which we track the free boundary in the domains which resemble the pore scale geometry and in which we test the different modeling assumptions.
Who's Responsible for Fire Hydrants?
Authors: Medina Kirk
Published: January 2020

When it comes to testing and maintaining fire hydrants, a common question is whether it's the responsibility of the fire department, the city, or the water utility.
Comprehensive gene expression analysis of semaphorins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanzawa Aika , Shiiba Masashi , Saito Tomoaki , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Endo‐Sakamoto Yosuke , Sunohara Masataka , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Takiguchi Yuichi , Tanzawa Hideki , Shirasawa Hiroshi
Published: January 2020

Semaphorin family members (Semaphorins; SEMAs) consist of a large family that includes both secreted and membrane‐associated proteins that are originally found to provide axon guidance in selected areas for neural development. The SEMAs have diverse biologic activities such as neuronal cellular migration, axon guidance, vasculogenesis, branching morphogenesis, and cardiac organogenesis. Recent studies have reported that SEMAs also play crucial roles in various carcinomas. However, the association and their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated SEMAs mRNA expression in OSCC‐derived cell lines using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis and revealed the altered gene expression profile of the SEMAs in OSCC cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. We found that tendency for up‐regulation of SEMA3E, 4C, 5A, 6B, and 7A in OSCC‐derived cell lines. Especially, SEMA3E and SEMA7A mRNA were significantly up‐regulated in all OSCC‐derived cell lines. On the other hands, SEMA3A, 3C, 3F, and 6A mRNA were significantly down‐regulated in all OSCC‐derived cell lines. The expression and role of SEMAs in OSCC depend on the forms and may provide novel insights and therapeutic target for OSCCs.
In Situ Electron Microscopy of Poly(ethylene glycol) Crystals Grown in Thin Ionic Liquids Films
Authors: Srivastava Satyam , Ribbe Alexander E. , Russell Thomas P. , Hoagland David A.
Published: January 2020

Crystals of poly(ethylene glycol) grown in thin films of the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate were examined by electron microscopy as a first step toward exploiting nonvolatile liquids for nanoscale imaging of solvated/dissolved polymeric materials. The crystals were generated by cooling supported (over surfaces of varied polarity) and freestanding solution films to room temperature. This “open,” that is, without liquid cell, microscopy was performed on unstained, as‐grown crystals in the presence of the IL. A variety of nearly two‐dimensional crystal morphologies were observed, including rods, fibers, spherulites, compact faceted single crystals, and interconnected networks, with characteristic sizes ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of microns. Electron diffraction patterns for the rods and fibers revealed single crystal‐like long‐range order. The nature of the IL support little affected the morphology, but film thickness and cooling rate proved important. To assess the role of solvent polarity, crystals were also grown from 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate mixed with the second IL, the less polar ethyl‐tributyl‐phosphonium diethyl phosphate; here, although the morphologies were similar to those made with pure IL, fibrillar morphologies were more prevalent. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 478–486
Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in children with tuberculosis—A comparative study at two doses
Authors: Shah Ira , Kumar Das Sajal , Shetty Naman S. , Kannan T. , Ramachandran Geetha , Kumar AK Hemanth
Published: January 2020

Aim

To compare the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) at doses 5 and 10 mg/kg/day.

Methods

INH concentrations were estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography in 24 Indian children aged 1 to 15 years on antituberculosis therapy. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours after administration of INH. Patients were randomly given INH at 5 or 10 mg/kg/day and maximum concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC(0‐8)) were determined in each group. The 2‐hour concentration of INH was used as Cmax for this study.

Results

Mean (standard deviation) Cmax was reached in 2 hours and was 2.68 ± 1.19 µg/mL in 5 mg/kg/day group and 8.86 ± 3.94 µg/mL in 10 mg/kg/day group (P < .05). The normal therapeutic range at 2‐hour concentrations for INH in adults achieving good clinical response is between 3 and 5 µg/mL. Among 5 mg/kg/day, only 4 (33%) patients had INH concentrations within the 2‐hour concentrations therapeutic range whereas in 10 mg/kg/day group, 11 (91%) patients achieved Cmax higher than the 2‐hour concentrations therapeutic range and 1 (9%) patient had Cmax within the 2‐hour concentrations therapeutic range. The mean AUC(0‐8) in 5 mg/kg/day group was 10.04 ± 6.12 and 35.93 ± 25.37 µg·h/mL in 10 mg/kg/day group (P = .0001).

Conclusion

Children on daily INH 10 mg/kg/day have higher AUC and Cmax than the required therapeutic range whereas over 65% of children with daily 5 mg/kg/day INH therapy failed to achieve the optimal therapeutic range.
What is a clinically meaningful change in exhaled nitric oxide for children with asthma?
Authors: Fielding Shona , Pijnenburg Marielle , de Jongste Johan , Pike Katherine , Roberts Graham , Petsky Helen , Chang Anne B. , Fritsch Maria , Frischer Thomas , Szefler Stanley , Gergen Peter , Vermeulen Françoise , Vael Robin , Turner Steve
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) may be a useful objective measurement to guide asthma treatment. What remains uncertain is what change in FENO is clinically significant.

Methods

An individual patient data analysis was performed using data from seven randomized clinical trials which used FENO to guide asthma treatment. The absolute and percentage intra‐subject change in FENO measurements over “stable” and also “unstable” 3‐month periods were described.

Results

Data were available in 1112 randomized controlled trial participants and ≥1 stable period was present for 665 individuals. The interquartile range (IQR) and limits of agreement (LoA) for change in absolute FENO among individuals whose initial FENO was <50 parts per billion (ppb) were −7 to +9 ppb and −43 to +50 ppb, and for those with initial FENO ≥50 ppb IQR was −29 to +17 ppb and LoA was −80 to +76 ppb. For percentage change in FENO, the IQR and LoA for individuals whose initial FENO was <50 ppb were −33% to +51% and −157% to +215%, and for those with initial FENO ≥50 ppb were −33% to +35% and −159% to +192%. The variation in FENO values for a stable period was similar irrespective of whether it was followed by a stable or unstable period.

Conclusions

Over a 3‐month period where FENO is initially <50 ppb, a rise of <10 ppb or of <50% (based on IQR) is unlikely to be related to asthma. When FENO is initially ≥50 ppb an percentage change of <50% (based on IQR) is unlikely to be asthma‐related.
Ir Impregnation on Alumina Pores: Catalyst Activity and Loss During Hydrazine Decomposition
Authors: Salimi Mozaffar , Pakdehi Shahram G. , Shekarian Aliakbar
Published: January 2020

Catalytic decomposition of hydrazine over Ir/γ‐Al2O3 was investigated using catalysts with different Ir content. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, and TEM. Results indicated that with increasing Ir content from 5.6 to 40.8 wt%, the BET surface area and pore volume decreased. This decrease was more significant when Ir content increased from 34.3 to 40.8 wt%. Reactor tests also indicated that the maximum stable reactor pressure of 2180 kPa with the time of about 400 milliseconds to obtain this pressure, and the lowest catalyst loss of 11.3 wt% were obtained with 34.4 wt% Ir as optimum Ir loading.
Impact of Defects on Magnetic Properties of Spinel Zinc Ferrite Thin Films
Authors: Zviagin Vitaly , Grundmann Marius , Schmidt‐Grund Rüdiger
Published: January 2020

The recent developments in the study of magnetic properties in the spinel zinc ferrite system are explored. Engineering of ionic valence and site distribution allows tailoring of magnetic interactions. Recent literature is reviewed, and own investigations are presented for a conclusive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the magnetic behavior in this material system. By varying the Zn‐to‐Fe ratio, the deposition, as well as thermal annealing conditions, ZnFe2O4 thin films with a wide range of crystalline quality are produced. In particular, the focus is on the magnetic structure in relation to spectroscopic properties of disordered ZnFe2O4 thin films. Comparing the cation distribution in film bulk (optical transitions in the dielectric function) and near‐surface region (X‐ray absorption), it is found that an inhomogeneous cation distribution leads to a weaker magnetic response in films of inverse configuration, whereas defects in the normal spinel are likely to be found at the film surface. The results show that it is possible to engineer the defect distribution in the magnetic spinel ferrite film structure and tailor their magnetic properties on demand. It is demonstrated that these properties can be read out optically, which allows controlled growth of the material and applications in future magneto‐optical devices.
Applications of Bayesian analysis to proof‐of‐concept trial planning and decision making
Authors: Quan Hui , Chen Xun , Lan Yu , Luo Xiaodong , Kubiak Rene , Bonnet Nicolas , Paux Gautier
Published: January 2020

Decision making is a critical component of a new drug development process. Based on results from an early clinical trial such as a proof of concept trial, the sponsor can decide whether to continue, stop, or defer the development of the drug. To simplify and harmonize the decision‐making process, decision criteria have been proposed in the literature. One of them is to exam the location of a confidence bar relative to the target value and lower reference value of the treatment effect. In this research, we modify an existing approach by moving some of the “stop” decision to “consider” decision so that the chance of directly terminating the development of a potentially valuable drug can be reduced. As Bayesian analysis has certain flexibilities and can borrow historical information through an inferential prior, we apply the Bayesian analysis to the trial planning and decision making. Via a design prior, we can also calculate the probabilities of various decision outcomes in relationship with the sample size and the other parameters to help the study design. An example and a series of computations are used to illustrate the applications, assess the operating characteristics, and compare the performances of different approaches.
Empirical analysis of the cross‐interdependence between crude oil and agricultural commodity markets
Authors: Mokni Khaled , Youssef Manel
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to investigate the cross‐interdependence between crude oil and agricultural commodity prices. We apply a test of persistence in order to verify whether crude oil prices' effect on the agricultural commodity markets is immediate or delayed. Using the daily data covering the period 2003–2017, results show that the delayed effect of crude oil prices on the agricultural commodity prices is lower than the immediate effect. Furthermore, the dependence is strongly persistent and more affected by the food crisis than the oil crisis. Additionally, a contagion effect is detected during the food crisis for almost agricultural commodity markets, while during the oil crisis, it is verified only for the soybean and wheat markets. The study is designed to determine a reliable framework for returns and volatility forecasting in commodity markets based on the oil market changes.
Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Three Coordination Polymers with 3D Network, 2D Lattice, 1D Ladder Structures
Authors: Guan Lei , Chen Yaxu , Wang Ying , Wang Xing
Published: January 2020

Three coordination polymers (CPs), [Ni1.5(L)(bipy)2(H2O)3]n(1), [Zn(L)(Hbipy) (H2O)]n⋅2n(H2O) (2) and [Cu(bipy)2(H2O)2]n⋅2n(H2L)⋅ 3nH2O (3) (NaH2L=5‐sulfoisophthalic monosodium salt, bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine) have been synthesized by solvothermal methods. They were characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Introduction of the auxiliary N‐donor ligand (bipy) can lead to three Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) CPs with three‐dimensional (3D) 4‐connected network of the point symbol of (75⋅9), one‐dimensional (1D) ladder and two‐dimensional (2D) lattice frameworks, respectively. Compound 1 is racemic, whose topological structure can be divided into left‐handed and right‐handed helices. The fluorescence emission peaks of compounds 1–3 are located at 416 nm, 412 nm and 455 nm, respectively, which may be attributed to the ligand to metal charge transfers. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements can reveal that there are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the neighboring spins in compounds 1 and 3, respectively, and compound 2 is a diamagnetism system. Compound 1 shows the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response that is 4 times those of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).
Integration of Heterogeneous Acid and Base Catalysis for Clean Synthesis of Jet‐Fuel Precursor from Carbohydrates
Authors: Shinde Suhas , Tarade Komal , Mitra Gaurav , Rode Chandrashekhar
Published: January 2020

C12 branched alkane fuel precursor was produced from carbohydrates using an efficient integrated solid acid and base catalysis approach involving: i) isomerisation‐dehydration of carbohydrates to 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) over solid acid catalyst having both Lewis and Brónsted sites) in a biphasic MIBK (methylisobutylketone): water + DMSO solvent system and ii) Claisen‐Schmidt condensation of crude HMF with MIBK over solid base catalyst. Initially, high yield of jet fuel precursor, (E)‐1‐(5‐(hydroxymethyl)furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐methylhex‐1‐en‐3‐one from pure HMF and MIBK was achieved over basic CaMgAl(231) catalyst. The glucose dehydration to HMF was optimized in biphasic MIBK: H2O‐NaCl: DMSO (8:1.5:0.5; v/v/v) system, with complete glucose conversion and 42% HMF yield over Zr‐Mont possessing both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. In an integrated dehydration + Claisen‐Schmidt condensation sequence, Zr‐Mont catalyst was filtered off and the crude HMF with MIBK underwent Claisen‐Schmidt condensation over CaMgAl(231) catalyst. The overall 32% yield of Claisen‐Schmidt condensation product was achieved from glucose. MIBK acting also as a product extractant, could be recovered upto 80%.
Novel One‐Pot Access to Diastereoisomeric Tertiary Phospholanes Oxides by Using Enantiomerically Pure Phospholane Oxides Under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Lakoud Samia Guezane , Aissa Rim , Guillot Regis , Toffano Martial , Aribi‐Zouioueche Louisa
Published: January 2020

For the first time, enantiopure 1‐r‐oxo‐2‐c,5‐t‐diphenylphospholane was introduced as nucleophile in the multicomponent condensation reaction. Diastereoisomers of 2,5‐diphenyl‐1‐oxo‐1‐[alkylphenyl‐1‐(phenylamino) methyl] phospholane derivatives were synthesized by one‐pot process from aromatic aldehydes, anilines and enantiopure1‐r‐oxo‐2‐c,5‐t‐diphenylphospholane under green and eco‐compatible conditions. The reaction proceeds under catalyst‐free conditions at room temperature within very short time (3 min) in excellent yields (up to 95%). An X‐ray crystal structure has been obtained for 2,5‐diphenyl‐1‐oxo‐1‐[phenyl (phenylamino) methyl] phospholane.
Synthesis and Application of Magnesium Diethylphosphate for Rechargeable Magnesium Battery
Authors: Prabhakar Seggem , Raju Vadthya , Latha Malyala , Rani Jetti Vatsala
Published: January 2020

An attempt has been made to synthesize chloride free Magnesium salt. Magnesium Diethylphosphate (Mg(DEP)) by adopting a novel and economically viable chemical route. The salt is dissolved in N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) and used as electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium battery (RMB). Reversible magnesium dissolution and deposition was examined in Mg‐half cell and full cell at varying potential windows. The reversible Mg intercalation and de‐intercalation at graphite cathode was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge and impedance analysis. Mg‐Graphite full cell has shown a discharge capacity of 70 mAh/g for 180 cycles. The cycled electrode's SEM, XRD, XPS analysis conclude the plausible Mg‐ions intercalation into the graphite. The studies could help in the development of chloride free Mg salts with potential application to serve as electrolyte for RMBs.
Theoretical and numerical analysis and design of stiffened steel plate shear walls having unequal subpanels
Authors: Ahmadnejad Farzaneh , Gholhaki Majid , Rezayfar Omid
Published: January 2020

Following the adequate seismic behavior, the steel plate shear walls have gained popularity among the designers worldwide, and many buildings have been designed employing such walls as their lateral load‐carrying system. Despite the fact that the steel shear walls using unstiffened thin plates outnumber the ones benefitting from stiffeners, it should be kept in mind that application of stiffeners prevents the buckling induced by lateral loads such earthquake or wind. On the other hand, the stiffeners enhance the stiffness and shear strength of the plate. Accordingly, this paper deals with an analytical and numerical investigation into the steel plates stiffened by unequaled vertical and horizontal stiffeners. The results obtained for the analyses led to the development of the analytical relations to compute the shear strength, stiffness, and displacement. To validate the proposed relations, analytical outputs were compared with those obtained from the numerical investigation indicating great accuracy of the proposed analytical relations. Moreover, in this paper, the design process of the stiffened steel plate shear walls has been presented based on the interaction between the plate and frame. The results indicate the addition of stiffeners to the steel plate, improves its shear strength by 6 to 15%.
“It Is a Village”: Translanguaging Pedagogies and Collective Responsibility in a Rural School District
Authors: Back Michele
Published: January 2020

Although rural U.S. school districts are experiencing increases in emergent multilingual learners (EMLLs), many lack the resources for employing TESOL‐specialized staff or training mainstream teachers in how to meet these students’ needs (Freeman Field, n.d.). Indeed, professional development (PD) in TESOL is a continued, persistent necessity for all teachers working with linguistically and culturally diverse students (Pettit, 2011). This article examines the role of sustained PD in shaping the beliefs and practices regarding EMLLs of educators in a rural school district. Three focal participants engaged in PD sessions on translanguaging pedagogies. Data from interviews, instructional observations, and focus groups showed articulation of a translanguaging stance. Participants demonstrated pedagogical flexibility and a collective sense of responsibility (indexed by the phrase “it is a village”) as well as other beliefs and practices characteristic of translanguaging stance, design, and shifts (García, Ibarra Johnson, & Seltzer, 2017). This study addresses a gap in TESOL research regarding how PD can shape educators’ attitudes toward and practices with EMLLs. Furthermore, by incorporating often‐overlooked members of elementary school ecologies, such as literacy coaches and world languages teachers, this study emphasizes the valuable role that these individuals can play in supporting EMLLs schoolwide.
New technique for automatic sonographic measurement of change in head–perineum distance and angle of progression during active phase of second stage of labor
Authors: Angeli L. , Conversano F. , Dall'Asta A. , Volpe N. , Simone M. , Di Pasquo E. , Pignatelli D. , Schera G. B. L. , Di Paola M. , Ricciardi P. , Ferretti A. , Frusca T. , Casciaro S. , Ghi T.
Published: January 2020

Objective

To evaluate the performance of a new ultrasound technique for the automatic assessment of the change in head–perineum distance (delta‐HPD) and angle of progression (delta‐AoP) during the active phase of the second stage of labor.

Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study including singleton term pregnancies with fetuses in cephalic presentation during the active phase of the second stage of labor. In each patient, two videoclips of 10 s each were acquired transperineally, one in the axial and one in the sagittal plane, between rest and the acme of an expulsive effort, in order to measure HPD and AoP, respectively. The videoclips were processed offline and the difference between the acme of the pushing effort and rest in HPD (delta‐HPD) and AoP (delta‐AoP) was calculated, first manually by an experienced sonographer and then using a new automatic technique. The reliability of the automatic algorithm was evaluated by comparing the automatic measurements with those obtained manually, which was considered as the reference gold standard.

Results

Overall, 27 women were included. A significant correlation was observed between the measurements obtained by the automatic and the manual methods for both delta‐HPD (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.97) and delta‐AoP (ICC = 0.99). The high accuracy provided by the automatic algorithm was confirmed by the high values of the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.98 for both delta‐HPD and delta‐AoP) and the low residual errors (root mean square error = 1.2 mm for delta‐HPD and 1.5° for delta‐AoP). A Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.52 mm (limits of agreement, −1.58 to 2.62 mm) for delta‐HPD (P = 0.034) and 0.35° (limits of agreement, −2.54 to 3.09°) for delta‐AoP (P = 0.39) between the manual and automatic measurements.

Conclusions

The automatic assessment of delta‐AoP and delta‐HPD during maternal pushing efforts is feasible. The automatic measurement of delta‐AoP appears to be reliable when compared with the gold standard manual measurement by an experienced operator. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
On design, modelling, and analysis of a 10‐MW medium‐speed drivetrain for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Nejad Amir R. , Moan Torgeir
Published: January 2020

The design of a medium‐speed drivetrain for the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10‐MW reference offshore wind turbine is presented. A four‐point support drivetrain layout that is equipped with a gearbox with two planetary stages and one parallel stage is proposed. Then, the drivetrain components are designed based on design loads and criteria that are recommended in relevant international standards. Finally, an optimized drivetrain model is obtained via an iterative design process that minimizes the weight and volume. A high‐fidelity numerical model is established via the multibody system approach. Then, the developed drivetrain model is compared with the simplified model that was proposed by DTU, and the two models agree well. In addition, a drivetrain resonance evaluation is conducted based on the Campbell diagrams and the modal energy distribution. Detailed parameters for the drivetrain design and dynamic modelling are provided to support the reproduction of the drivetrain model. A decoupled approach, which consists of global aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic analysis and local drivetrain analysis, is used to determine the drivetrain dynamic response. The 20‐year fatigue damages of gears and bearings are calculated based on the stress or load duration distributions, the Palmgren‐Miner linear accumulative damage hypothesis, and long‐term environmental condition distributions. Then, an inspection priority map is established based on the failure ranking of the drivetrain components, which supports drivetrain inspection and maintenance assessment and further model optimization. The detailed modelling of the baseline drivetrain model provides a basis for benchmark studies and support for future research on multimegawatt offshore wind turbines.
Metabolic regulation of neurodifferentiation in the adult brain
Authors: Maffezzini Camilla , Calvo-Garrido Javier , Wredenberg Anna , Freyer Christoph
Published: January 2020

Understanding the mechanisms behind neurodifferentiation in adults will be an important milestone in our quest to identify treatment strategies for cognitive disorders observed during our natural ageing or disease. It is now clear that the maturation of neural stem cells to neurones, fully integrated into neuronal circuits requires a complete remodelling of cellular metabolism, including switching the cellular energy source. Mitochondria are central for this transition and are increasingly seen as the regulatory hub in defining neural stem cell fate and neurodevelopment. This review explores our current knowledge of metabolism during adult neurodifferentiation.
q-Independence of the Jimbo–Drinfeld Quantization
Authors: Giselsson Olof
Published: January 2020

Let$${\mathrm {G}}$$Gbe a connected semi-simple compact Lie group and for$$0<q<1$$0<q<1, let$$({\mathbb {C}}[\mathrm {G]_q},\varDelta _q)$$(C[G]q,Δq)be the Jimbo–Drinfeldq-deformation of$${\mathrm {G}}$$G. We show that the$$C^*$$C∗-completions of$$\mathrm {C}[\mathrm {G]_q}$$C[G]qare isomorphic for all values ofq. Moreover, these isomorphisms are equivariant with respect to the right-actions of the maximal torus.
Risk Factors for Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Peripheral Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer with Invasive Component Size 3 cm or Less
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Choi Si Young , Park Jae Kil , Lee Kyo Young
Published: January 2020

Background

In the seventh edition TNM staging system for lung cancer, a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography was regarded as a risk factor for occult lymph node metastasis in clinical T1N0 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in the eighth edition TNM classification, tumors are classified according to the size of the invasive component only, and those with invasive component size ≤3 cm are diagnosed as stage T1. The aim of this study was to reassess the risk factors for occult lymph node metastasis under the eighth edition TNM classification for lung cancer.

Methods

From 2010 to 2017, 553 patients with clinical N0 peripheral NSCLC with invasive component size ≤3 cm underwent anatomical lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection. We analyzed these cases retrospectively to identify risk factors for postoperative nodal upstaging.

Results

Among 553 study patients, 54 (9.8%) had nodal upstaging after surgery. In multivariate analysis adopting the eighth edition TNM classification for lung cancer, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.113, p = 0.002), invasive component size (HR = 2.398, p = 0.004), visceral pleural invasion (HR = 2.901, p = 0.005), and lymphatic invasion (HR = 9.336, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for nodal upstaging, but SUVmax was not.

Conclusion

SUVmax is not a predictor of nodal upstaging in clinical N0 peripheral NSCLC with invasive component size ≤3 cm under the eighth edition TNM classification for lung cancer. Significant risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis are serum CEA level, tumor invasive component size, visceral pleural invasion, and lymphatic invasion.
Clinical burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first 2 years of life in children born between 2000 and 2011 in Scotland
Authors: Thwaites Richard , Buchan Scot , Fullarton John , Morris Carole , Grubb ElizaBeth , Rodgers-Gray Barry , Coutts Jonathan
Published: January 2020

National data from Scotland (all births from 2000 to 2011) were used to estimate the burden associated with respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) during the first 2 years of life. RSVHs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. Of 623,770 children, 13,362 (2.1%) had ≥ 1 RSVH by 2 years, with the overall rate being 27.2/1000 (16,946 total RSVHs). Median age at first RSVH was 137 days (interquartile range [IQR] 62–264), with 84.3% of admissions occurring by 1 year. Median length of stay was 2 (IQR 1–4) days and intensive care unit (ICU) admission was required by 4.3% (727) for a median 5 (IQR 2–8) days. RSVHs accounted for 6.9% (5089/73,525) of ICU bed days and 6.2% (64,395/1,033,121) of overall bed days (5370/year). RSVHs represented 8.5% (14,243/168,205) of all admissions between October and March and 14.2% (8470/59,535) between December and January. RSVH incidence ranged from 1.7 to 2.5%/year over the study period. Preterms (RSVH incidence 5.2%), and those with congenital heart disease (10.5%), congenital lung disease (11.2%), Down syndrome (14.8%), cerebral palsy (15.5%), cystic fibrosis (12.6%), and neuromuscular disorders (17.0%) were at increased risk of RSVH.

Conclusions: RSV causes a substantial burden on Scottish paediatric services during the winter months.What is known:• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of childhood hospitalisation.What is new:• This 12-year study is the first to estimate the burden of RSV hospitalisation (RSVH) in Scotland and included all live births from 2000 to 2011 and followed > 600,000 children until 2 years old.• The overall RSVH rate was 27.2/1000 children, with 2.1% being hospitalised ≥ 1 times.• RSVHs accounted for 6.2% of all inpatient bed days, which rose to 14.2% during the peak months of the RSV season (December–January), equating to over 1400 hospitalisations and nearly 5500 bed days each year.