bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the chains: exploring gender inequality in Türkiye through the eyes of women NGO members
Authors: Savas Gokhan , Çakır Dilek
Published: November 2024

In Türkiye, women’s NGOs have gained significant influence in gender politics, especially since the country’s turn towards neoliberalism. A survey conducted among 735 members of women’s NGOs revealed that, contrary to expectations, many members hold gender inequitable attitudes, highlighting a lack of gender consciousness within these organizations. Key findings indicate that support for gender equality is higher among participants in Ankara than in Istanbul, and that factors such as education, political ideology, and socio-economic status significantly shape these attitudes. The persistence of patriarchal beliefs within these organizations suggests the need for a deeper analysis of the socio-political and structural barriers that hinder gender equality. This study provides critical insights into the intersection of civil society, gender attitudes, and advocacy in Türkiye.
Dynamics in smallholder-based land use systems: drivers and outcomes of cropland–eucalyptus field–cropland conversions in north-west Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Gete , Kassawmar Tibebu , Tadesse Matebu , Teferi Ermias , Girma Alexander , Anteneh Yilikal , Gelaw Fekadu , Walsh Claire L. , O’Donnell’s Greg
Published: November 2024

During the last two decades, smallholder farmers in north-western Ethiopia have expanded eucalyptus fields into large areas of croplands until they recently started to reverse that trend. This study assessed the extent, drivers, and impacts of cropland to eucalyptus plantation changes during the 2000–2023 period and the recent land use reversal eucalyptus to cropland. It also analyzed the effect of the shift on land productivity and food security by comparing maize yields obtained from eucalyptus-cleared fields with those from permanent croplands. The assessment was conducted in the north-western highlands of Ethiopia and employed remote sensing techniques, yield difference comparisons, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Landsat-and Sentinel 2A-based multi-temporal image analyses were used to identify and map the coverage of eucalyptus plantation since 2000. Maize yield per plot was collected from 125 systematically selected paired 2mX2m plots, and yield differences were compared. One of the paired plots represented eucalyptus-cereal field changes, while the second represented cropland-maize plots. The multi-temporal image analysis result showed that eucalyptus plantation coverage was increased from 1000 ha in 2000 to 249,260 ha in 2023. Approximately 98% of that expansion was made onto crop fields. Latter, a large portion of that area was reconverted to cropland, mainly maize field due to substantial falls of market demand for eucalyptus logs. The oscillating land use changes imply that smallholders’ land use decisions are informed by intrinsic and extrinsic economic considerations, not by scientific-evidence-based landscape suitability and ecological analyses. Moreover, to check the effects of eucalyptus on subsequent productivity of croplands, we compared maize yield differences between cropland-maize and eucalyptus-maize field plots. The yield comparison result showed 35% average yield increment from eucalyptus-maize plots than yields from cropland-maize plots. This finding tends to defy the widely held perception that ‘growing eucalyptus tree plants on farmlands negatively affects the subsequent productivity of those plots’. However, this finding was based on a 1-year cross-sectional data. Further cross-sectional studies are important to arrive at conclusive results on the impacts of eucalyptus trees on productivity of those plots when converted to croplands.
Quality enhancement of Barramundi kamaboko using vortex fluidic device modified starch and fish gelatin
Authors: Lin Jiayi , Wu Yixiao , Wang Hao , Jellicoe Matt , He Shan , Young David J. , Thennadil Suresh , Raston Colin L. , Brennan Charles , Tian Bin , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Prime quality kamaboko (cooked surimi) is produced from Alaska pollock. The main challenge of using cheaper fish fillets, including Barramundi, is achieving similar textures.

Methods

Combined with fish gelatin, modified starch by vortex fluidic device was used to enhance the quality of kamaboko made from Barramundi.

Results

Modification by a continuous flow vortex fluidic device (VFD) significantly reduces the size of particles of starch relative to conventional homogenization. Blending this VFD-modified starch with fish gelatin resulted in a well-organized cross-linked matrix compared to products manufactured from homogenization modified starch. This led to higher gel strength of the former (1,708.32 g/cm2) relative to the latter (832.56 g/cm2). Mixing different proportions of fish gelatin and VFD-processed starch to make Barramundi kamaboko (5, 10, and 15%), yielded a product with greater chewiness relative to Alaska pollock kamaboko. Sensory evaluation indicated that the 5% product was optimal and the 15% product with the highest chewiness (56.10 N) was the least favorable.

Discussion

These results clearly indicate the potential of VFD processed starch, blended with fish gelatin to enhances the quality of kamaboko.
Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma complicated with liver metastasis: case report
Authors: Chen Hanmin , Zeng Qingming , Liu Folin , Zou Xiaofeng
Published: November 2024

Background

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC) is a rare subtype of kidney tumor. Most of them are solitary lesions, making preoperative diagnosis difficult, aggressive, and with poor prognosis. They may metastasize even at an early stage, however, there is currently no optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach for metastatic FH-RCC.

Methods

We report the case of a 34-year-old male patient with renal tumor and liver metastasis, who underwent open tumor resection of the right kidney combined with resection of liver metastases. Postoperative pathology was confirmed, followed by targeted therapy.

Results

Postoperative pathological results confirmed FH-RCC, targeted therapy was performed after surgery. No tumor recurrence was observed during the follow-up of almost 16 months.

Conclusion

FH-RCC patients with liver metastasis can achieve a good prognosis through early resection of primary tumor and metastatic lesions combined with targeted therapy.
Postprandial hypoglycemia as a complication of bariatric and metabolic surgery: a comprehensive review of literature
Authors: Karimi Mehdi , Kohandel Gargari Omid
Published: November 2024

Postprandial hypoglycemia (PPH) is a challenging and significant complication that can occur following bariatric and metabolic surgery. Symptoms of PPH are typical of hypoglycemia, such as sweating, weakness, disorientation, palpitation, etc. The complex nature of PPH is essential to achieve accurate diagnosis and effective management. This review aims to give extensive coverage of the intricate nature of PPH common with bariatric and metabolic surgery, outlining its pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options. The study explores various clinical forms and pathogenic mechanisms behind PPH while discussing diagnostic tools like continuous glucose monitoring or mixed meal tolerance tests. Furthermore, it considers possible interventions, including dietary changes, pharmaceutical therapies, and surgeries, to relieve symptoms and improve patient's quality of life. It aims to comprehensively understand how healthcare professionals can effectively manage this disorder for patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery.
Factors affecting the occurrence of maxillary sinus fungus ball
Authors: Jang Hye-Bin , Lee Dong Hoon , Lim Sang Chul
Published: November 2024

Objective

We identified patients who initially did not have a maxillary sinus fungus ball on computed tomography (CT) but developed it on a subsequent CT scan. We assessed potential risk factors for developing a maxillary sinus fungus ball between the two scans.

Patients and methods

This study included 35 patients with 38 lesions who initially had no maxillary sinus fungus balls on CT but were later diagnosed with the condition and underwent surgery.

Results

We analyzed 38 lesions in 35 patients, each of whom had normal CT scan results initially but later developed a maxillary sinus fungus ball. No specific risk factors for developing a maxillary sinus fungus ball were identified. However, when compared to the maxillary sinusitis group, facial trauma and dental implant surgery appeared to be associated with maxillary sinus fungus ball formation (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

We investigated factors influencing the development of maxillary sinus fungus balls that were absent in previous CT scans and found no significant risk factors. Nonetheless, relative to the maxillary sinusitis (control) group, the maxillary sinus fungus ball group tended to have more previous facial trauma and dental implant surgery.
Identifying non-essential uses to phase out substances of very high concern under REACH
Authors: Borchert Flora , Figuière Romain , Cousins Ian T. , Rudén Christina , Ågerstrand Marlene
Published: November 2024

The essential use concept aims to better protect consumers, vulnerable groups, and the environment from the most harmful chemicals by phasing out uses considered non-essential for society. Given the lack of empirical research evaluating this novel approach for chemical management in real-world settings, the aims of the present analysis were to 1) investigate if the information provided in applications for authorisation under REACH allowed for the identification of non-essential uses of substances of very high concern (SVHCs), and 2) identify data gaps, challenges and potential needs for revising the assessment criteria to effectively implement the essential use concept in the REACH authorisation. In total, 100 uses covering 11 SVHCs were analysed. 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (OPnEO) and chromium trioxide were among the most frequently used substances, covering 42% and 35% of the analysed uses. Using the current essential use criteria, 55% of all analysed uses were categorised as essential, while 10% were categorised as non-essential. Potentially, authorisations would not have been granted for the identified non-essential uses under REACH if the concept had been implemented at the time. However, for 35% of the uses it was not possible to assess their essentiality and these uses were therefore categorised as “complex.” These challenges were due to the multiple purposes of the technical function, lack of detailed information on the spectrum of end-uses, and difficulties in interpreting the essential use criteria. Consequently, for a successful implementation of the essential use concept, we recommend the European Commission to develop guidance for applicants and refine the essential use criteria to ensure a transparent and resource-efficient authorisation procedure under REACH.
Comparison of spatial and non-verbal reasoning abilities in veterinarians in the fields of radiology and surgery
Authors: Gutierrez Juan Claudio , Holladay Steven D.
Published: November 2024

Spatial ability tests measure capacity for mentally understanding and interpreting three-dimensional images. Such skills have been found to be predictive for anatomical learning success and proficiency in human and veterinary medical students. Veterinarians in the radiology and surgery field develop high levels of three-dimensional topographic anatomic understanding through exposure to anatomy portions of the veterinary curriculum, followed by highly specialized residency programs. Validated testing tools were used to compare spatial and general non-verbal reasoning abilities in veterinarians in the field of radiology (radiology group, RG) and veterinarians in the field of surgery (surgery group, SG). These tests were: Guay’s Visualization of Views Test: Adapted Version (GVVT), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, short form (APMT). Results showed a significant difference for GVVT scores in favor of the RG (15.2 ± 0.3 and 12.3 ± 0.4, respectively, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in scores for MRT and APMT between the RG and SG. There was a significant positive correlation between spatial ability tests scores and general non-verbal reasoning test scores for the RG but not for the SG. Future studies are planned to determine if the RG innately possess high spatial and reasoning skills, and to expand the present findings to other veterinary specialty areas.
Psychological Safety and Work Design as Mediators of Supervisors’ Dark Triad Traits Impact on Nurses’ Task Performance
Authors: Raineri Andrés , Cartes Macarena
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study investigates how nurse supervisors’ Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) influence nurses’ task performance, mediated by perceptions of enriched work design (autonomy, task variety, social support, safe work conditions, feedback quality) and psychological safety.

Methods

A multisource approach was used to collect data from 256 manager-nurse dyads across various healthcare settings. Nurses completed surveys assessing their work design and psychological safety. Managers completed a self-assessment of Dark Triad traits and rated their nurse subordinates’ task performance. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for analysis.

Results

Supervisors’ Dark Triad traits core component impacted nurses’ task performance indirectly, mediated by psychological safety and nurses’ perceptions of their enriched work design. Psychopathic traits revealed a significant direct negative effect on nurses’ performance, while other Dark Triad traits did not show direct effects.

Conclusion

This study sheds light on key factors influencing nurses’ performance, offering insights for healthcare organizations aiming to optimize work environments and improve team effectiveness.
The Application of Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input (RCETI) Models to Multi-Rotor Vehicles
Authors: Hayajnh Mahmoud A. , Prasad J. V. R.
Published: November 2024

This research paper investigates the applicability and scalability of the Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input models for multi-rotor vehicles. Initially, a Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input model is developed for an isolated rotor using rotor RPM as the input and the rotor hub-load coefficient as the output. Subsequently, the model is applied to multi-rotor vehicle example to show that the effect of turbulence on vehicle response can be replicated using the Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input models. This study further incorporates rotor collective deflections, which could be used in multi-rotor vehicles, to develop a collective input model. Additionally, the effect of altering rotor parameters on the Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input model is studied and presented. The results demonstrate that the Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input model effectively captures the turbulence-induced behaviors in multi-rotor vehicles, offering a generalizable and scalable framework for use to replicate the effect of turbulence in multi-rotor vehicles.
Enhancing Vertical Trajectory Reconstruction in SASS-C: Advanced Segmentation, Outlier Detection, and Filtering Techniques
Authors: Amigo Daniel , Sánchez Pedroche David , García Jesús , Molina José Manuel , Trofimova Jekaterina , Voet Emmanuel , Van Bogaert Benoît
Published: November 2024

This paper presents significant enhancements to the vertical reconstruction component of EUROCONTROL’s Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC Centres (SASS-C). We introduce four key improvements: (1) a novel segmentation algorithm for more precise flight phase identification, (2) an improved invalid height detection process using LOWESS and sliding window analysis, (3) a protection mechanism against simultaneous measurements at the Kalman filter level, and (4) an optimized approach for smooth overshoot correction during segment transitions. These advancements address limitations in the current system, particularly in trajectory segmentation accuracy and robustness against measurement anomalies. Our methodology employs both synthetic and real-world data for comprehensive evaluation, ensuring performance under controlled and operational conditions. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in segmentation precision, outlier detection, and overall trajectory reconstruction quality. The invalid detection algorithm, while incurring a slight computational cost, significantly enhances trajectory accuracy. These enhancements contribute to more reliable air traffic analysis, supporting safer and more efficient airspace management. The paper concludes by discussing potential future work, including the application of machine learning techniques and the extension of these improvements to horizontal reconstruction processes.
Preliminary Design of a GNSS Interference Mapping CubeSat Mission: JamSail
Authors: Cormier Luis , Yousif Tasneem , Thompson Samuel , Arcia Gil Angel , Pushparaj Nishanth , Blunt Paul , Cappelletti Chantal
Published: November 2024

The JamSail mission is an educational CubeSat aiming to design, develop, and demonstrate two new technologies on a small satellite, tentatively scheduled for launch no earlier than 2026. When launched, JamSail will demonstrate the functionality of two new payloads in low Earth orbit. First, a flexible, low-cost GNSS interference detection payload capable of characterising and geolocating the sources of radio interference regarding the E1/L1 and E5a/L5 bands will be demonstrated on a global scale. The data produced by this payload can be used to target anti-interference actions in specific regions and aid in the design of future GNSS receivers to better mitigate specific types of interference. If successful, the flexibility of the payload will allow it to be remotely reconfigured in orbit to investigate additional uses of the technology, including a potential demonstration of GNSS reflectometry aboard a CubeSat. Second, a compact refractive solar sail will be deployed that is capable of adjusting the orbit of JamSail in the absence of an on-board propellant. This sail will be used to gradually raise the semi-major axis of JamSail over the span of the mission before being used to perform rapid passive deorbit near the end-of-life juncture. Additionally, self-stabilising optical elements within the sail will be used to demonstrate a novel method of performing attitude control. JamSail is currently in the testing phase, and the payloads will continue to be refined until the end of 2024. This paper discusses the key objectives of the JamSail mission, the design of the payloads, the expected outcomes of the mission, and future opportunities regarding the technologies as a whole.
The Effects of Tomato Intercropping with Medicinal Aromatic Plants Combined with Trichoderma Applications in Organic Cultivation
Authors: Szczech Magdalena , Kowalska Beata , Wurm Frederik R. , Ptaszek Magdalena , Jarecka-Boncela Anna , Trzciński Paweł , Borup Løvschall Kaja , Roldan Velasquez Sara T. , Maciorowski Robert
Published: November 2024

To increase biodiversity in tomato cultivation, two herbal aromatic plants, thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), were introduced as companion plants. Their role was to improve crop plant growth and stress resistance. Moreover, the effect of the soil application of Trichoderma microbial preparations on tomato growth parameters and yield, in combination with companion plants, was studied. Ligno-cellulose multi-layer microcapsules with Trichoderma atroviride TRS14 spores (MIC14) and the commercial preparation Trianum G (TG) were used as microbial preparations. This experiment was carried out in a certified organic field. Tomato plants were intercropped with thyme or basil in the arrangement of two tomato rows alternating with one herbal row. In all intercropping arrangements and in the control (tomato plants grown without herbs), subplots were sectioned. The soil in the subplots was amended with the MIC14 and TG preparations used at a concentration of 104 spores g−1 of the soil and planted with tomato transplants. No control measures were applied during tomato growing, and the plants were naturally infected with late blight. Tomato plant growth parameters and yield were assessed, and late blight severity was monitored. The degree of soil colonization by Trichoderma fungi and the effect of these applications on soil microbial activity and biodiversity (dehydrogenases activity, EcoPlates AWCD, and Shannon index) were evaluated. The results clearly showed a significant influence of thyme and basil on tomato growth and yield in organic production. The cultivation of thyme adjacent to tomatoes had a beneficial effect on the development of the root system and the number of flowers and fruits on the crop plants. Basil, on the other hand, clearly decreased tomato yield and adversely affected the effect of Trichoderma applications by reducing root system development. Moreover, basil as a companion plant increased late blight symptoms. Both Trichoderma strains colonized soil, but they had no significant effect on the microbial activity or metabolic potential measured on the EcoPlates with the use of the BIOLOG system. However, a decrease in dehydrogenases activity was noted. In organic cultivation, the Trichoderma preparations used had no significant effect on tomato yield, opposite to its increase in integrated tomato production.
Impact of Reduced Nitrogen Inputs on Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Arable Soil, Northern Thailand: Short-Term Evaluation
Authors: Aumtong Suphathida , Foungyen Phatchanuch , Kanchai Kanokorn , Chuephudee Thoranin , Chotamonsak Chakrit , Lapyai Duangnapha
Published: November 2024

Based on a soil analysis of individual crops, lower nitrogen (N) inputs may affect soil fertility and the soil’s capacity for carbon sequestration. This study investigates the changes in soil nitrogen levels, the amounts of labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions, and their relationship to soil organic carbon (SOC) over the course of a single crop season. We conducted this study on seven crops in the provinces of Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Lampang in northern Thailand, from February 2022 to December 2023. The farmer plots, which included litchi, mango, banana, maize, cabbage, garlic, and paddy rice, underwent three nitrogen addition treatments: high-nitrogen fertilizer (FP), reduced-nitrogen fertilizer informed via soil analysis (FS), and fertilizer absence (FZ). Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0 to 30 cm following the harvest of each crop. Subsequently, we utilized these samples to distinguish between labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions and assessed the impact of reduction through a one-way ANOVA. This study indicated a reduced availability of nitrogen, with the recalcitrant carbon fractions being the fine fraction (FF) and less labile carbon (LLB_C). The labile organic carbon fraction, referred to as LB_C, exhibited no change in FP treatment, in contrast to the non-fine fraction (NFF) and permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC). Our concern was to reduce the quantity of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer to achieve a lower level of soil organic carbon (SOC) and decreased nitrogen availability. These findings underscore the importance of considering N management when assessing soil carbon dynamics in agricultural soils, and, in future work, we should therefore model the optimal N input for crop yield, soil fertility, and soil carbon storage.
Genomic Variants Associated with Haematological Parameters and T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in a Large White and Min Pig Intercross Population
Authors: Niu Naiqi , Zhao Runze , Tian Ming , Zong Wencheng , Hou Xinhua , Liu Xin , Wang Ligang , Wang Lixian , Zhang Longchao
Published: November 2024

The breeding of disease-resistant pigs has consistently been a topic of significant interest and concern within the pig farming industry. The study of pig blood indicators has the potential to confer economic benefits upon the pig farming industry, whilst simultaneously providing valuable insights that can inform the study of human diseases. In this study, an F2 resource population of 489 individuals was generated through the intercrossing of Large White boars and Min pig sows. A total of 17 haematological parameters and T lymphocyte subpopulations were measured, including white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte count (LYM), lymphocyte count percentage (LYM%), monocyte count (MID), monocyte count percentage (MID%), neutrophilic granulocyte count (GRN), percentage of neutrophils (GRN%), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet count (PLT), CD4+/CD8+, CD4+CD8+CD3+, CD4+CD8−CD3+, CD4−CD8+CD3+, CD4−CD8−CD3+, and CD3+. The Illumina PorcineSNP60 Genotyping BeadChip was obtained for all of the F2 animals. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the TASSEL 5.0 software to identify associated variants and candidate genes for the 17 traits. Significant association signals were identified for PCT and PLT on SSC7, with 1 and 11 significant SNP loci, respectively. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on SSC12 was identified as a significant predictor of the white blood cell (WBC) trait. Significant association signals were detected for the T lymphocyte subpopulations, namely CD4+/CD8+, CD4+CD8+CD3+, CD4+CD8−CD3+, and CD4−CD8+CD3+, with the majority of these signals observed on SSC7. The genes CLIC5, TRIM15, and SLC17A4 were identified as potential candidates for influencing CD4+/CD8+ and CD4−CD8+CD3+. A missense variant, c.2707 G>A, in the SLC17A4 gene has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with the CD4+/CD8+ and CD4-CD8+CD3+ traits. Three missense variants (c.425 A>C, c.500 C>T, and c.733 A>G) have been identified in the TRIM15 gene as being linked to the CD4+/CD8+ trait. Nevertheless, only c.425 A>C has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with CD4-CD8+CD3+. In the CLIC5 gene, one missense variant (c.957 T>C) has been identified as being associated with the CD4+/CD8+ and CD4-CD8+CD3+ traits. Additionally, significant association signals were observed for CD4+CD8+CD3+ and CD4+CD8−CD3+ on SSC2 and 5, respectively. Subsequently, a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted on all genes within the quantitative trait loci (QTL) intervals of platelet count, CD4+/CD8+, and CD4−CD8+CD3+. The MHC class II protein complex binding pathway was identified as the most significant pathway among the three immune traits. These results provide guidance for further research in the field of breeding disease-resistant pigs.
The Significance of Internal Variability for Numerical Experimentation and Analysis
Authors: von Storch Hans , Lin Lin
Published: November 2024

When regional (limited-area) models of the hydrodynamics of the atmosphere and ocean are run over an extended time, variability unrelated to external “drivers” emerges: this variability is colloquially named “hydrodynamical noise” or just “noise”. This article summarises what we have learned in the past few years about the properties of such noise and its implications for numerical experimentation and analysis. The presence of this noise can be identified easily in ensembles of numerical simulations, and it turns out that the intensity of the noise is closely linked to scale-dependent “memory”. The “memory” in the atmosphere and ocean describes the persistence of atmospheric and oceanic conditions, usually quantified by an autocorrelation function. At the system level, this “memory” term, as given by Hasselmann’s stochastic climate model, plays a key role. In the case of marginal seas, the process of baroclinic instability modulated by tides and the formation of seasonal thermoclines are significant aspects. Some more general aspects are discussed, such as the applicability of the stochastic climate model to systems outside of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, for example, biogeochemical systems, the irreversibility of tipping points, the challenges of detecting changes beyond a noise level, and the attribution of causes of change.
The Problems and Design of a Neck Dummy
Authors: Torres San Miguel Christopher René , Perez Valdez José Antonio , Ceccarelli Marco , Russo Matteo
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the biomechanical requirements and design of a neck dummy for assessing neck injury risks. The need for an accurate biomechanical representation of the human neck in crash tests is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of replicating the neck’s response to impacts. Existing neck dummies are reviewed to assess their similarity to human neck biomechanics, revealing several limitations. To address these gaps, a novel prototype is proposed to mimic the joint between two vertebrae using elastic elements to replicate the behavior of the intervertebral disc. The performance of the neck dummy is evaluated through experimental testing, using IMU and force sensors to monitor its response to perturbations from impacts. The reported results demonstrate that the prototype effectively simulates the intervertebral movement, offering an approach for more accurate injury assessments in crash testing. Concluding remarks suggest the potential of this design to improve the reliability of neck injury assessments in automotive safety research.
Advanced Bioluminescence Reporter with Engineered Gaussia Luciferase via Sequence-Guided Mutagenesis
Authors: Gedi Vinayakumar , Kim Eun Hye , Oh Bohyun , Kim Young-Pil
Published: November 2024

Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) is the preeminent secreted luciferase widely used in cell-based reporter assays. By employing sequence-guided mutagenesis informed by alignments of diverse copepod luciferase sequences, we identified key amino acids that significantly enhance bioluminescence (BL) intensity. Among the mutated proteins expressed in bacteria, five individual mutations (M60L, K88Q, F89Y, I90L, or S103T) independently increased BL intensity by 1.8 to 7.5-fold compared to wild-type GLuc in the presence of coelenterazine substrates. Remarkably, the combination of all five mutations in GLuc (designated as GLuc5) resulted in an unexpected 29-fold enhancement in BL intensity. Subsequent evaluation of the GLuc5-secreted reporter in transfected mammalian cells confirmed its superior BL performance across multiple cell lines. These findings suggest that the mutated residues are likely crucial for enhancing BL intensity in GLuc, supporting its potential to serve as a highly sensitive biosensor or reporter for a wide range of biological applications.
Peptide-Based Rapid and Selective Detection of Mercury in Aqueous Samples with Micro-Volume Glass Capillary Fluorometer
Authors: Sosnowska Marta , Pitula Emil , Janik Monika , Bruździak Piotr , Śmietana Mateusz , Olszewski Marcin , Nidzworski Dawid , Gromadzka Beata
Published: November 2024

Mercury, a toxic heavy metal produced through both natural and anthropogenic processes, is found in all of Earth’s major systems. Mercury’s bioaccumulation characteristics in the human body have a significant impact on the liver, kidneys, brain, and muscles. In order to detect Hg2+ ions, a highly sensitive and specific fluorescent biosensor has been developed using a novel, modified seven amino acid peptide, FY7. The tyrosine ring in the FY7 peptide sequence forms a 2:1 complex with Hg2+ ions that are present in the water-based sample. As a result, the peptide’s fluorescence emission decreases with higher concentrations of Hg2+. The FY7 peptide’s performance was tested in the presence of Hg2+ ions and other metal ions, revealing its sensitivity and stability despite high concentrations. Conformational changes to the FY7 structure were confirmed by FTIR studies. Simultaneously, we designed a miniaturized setup to support an in-house-developed micro-volume capillary container for volume fluorometry measurements. We compared and verified the results from the micro-volume system with those from the commercial setup. The micro-volume capillary system accommodated only 2.9 µL of sample volume, allowing for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of toxic mercury (II) ions as low as 0.02 µM.
Unveiling the Dynamic Mechanisms of Generative AI in English Language Learning: A Hybrid Study Based on fsQCA and System Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yang , Dong Changqi
Published: November 2024

The burgeoning development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has unleashed transformative potential in reshaping English language education. However, the complex interplay of learner, technology, pedagogy, and contextual factors that shape the effectiveness of GenAI-assisted language learning remains underexplored. This study employed a novel mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and system dynamics (SD) modeling, to unravel the multi-dimensional, dynamic mechanisms underlying the impact of GenAI on English learning outcomes in higher education. Leveraging a sample of 33 English classes at the Harbin Institute of Technology, the QCA results revealed four distinct configurational paths to high and low learning effectiveness, highlighting the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal GenAI integration. The SD simulation further captured the emergent, nonlinear feedback processes among learner attributes, human–computer interaction, pedagogical practices, and ethical considerations, shedding light on the temporal evolution of the GenAI-empowered language-learning ecosystem. The findings contribute to the theoretical advancement of intelligent language education by constructing an integrative framework encompassing learner, technology, pedagogy, and context dimensions. Practical implications are generated to guide the responsible design, implementation, and optimization of GenAI in English language education, paving the way for learner-centric, adaptive learning experiences in the intelligence era.
Latent Profile Analysis of Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Their Links to Individual Characteristics and Mental Health Among College Students During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yan Xiaoqi , Gao Bin , Cai Xianghua , Fan Yongsheng , Zhao Chong , Bai Lu
Published: November 2024

Objectives: acute stress disorder (ASD) became prevalent among various populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet little research has examined the heterogeneity of ASD symptoms among college students. The purpose of this research was to explore subgroups of ASD symptoms using latent profile analysis (LPA) and to explore the predictors and mental health outcomes associated with these profiles. Methods: Using the person-centered method, we recruited 1198 college students (71.7% female) who self-reported their ASD, perceived social support, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction from two Chinese universities following the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: The LPA results found three ASD symptom severity profiles: low (56.7%), moderate (31.6%), and high (11.7%), particularly characterized by reexperiencing and arousal symptoms. This study found that students in the moderate and high ASD subgroups were more likely to be female, have lower socioeconomic status, belong to minority groups, report lower self-rated health, and perceive less social support compared to those in the low ASD subgroup. Furthermore, compared to the low and moderate ASD subgroups, the high ASD subgroup was linked to elevated anxiety and depression and lower life satisfaction. Conclusions: These findings underscore the significance of identifying specific ASD symptom subgroups to effectively target prevention and intervention efforts.
Beyond the Surface: A New Perspective on Dual-System Theories in Decision-Making
Authors: Hochman Guy
Published: November 2024

The current paper provides a critical evaluation of the dual-system approach in cognitive psychology. This evaluation challenges traditional classifications that associate intuitive processes solely with noncompensatory models and deliberate processes with compensatory ones. Instead, it suggests a more nuanced framework where intuitive and deliberate characteristics coexist within both compensatory and noncompensatory processes. This refined understanding of dual-process models has significant implications for improving theoretical models of decision-making, providing a more comprehensive account of the cognitive mechanisms underlying human judgment and choice.
Review of Evaporative Cooling Systems for Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates
Authors: Haile Misrak Girma , Garay-Martinez Roberto , Macarulla Ana M.
Published: November 2024

Evaporative cooling systems have gained increasing attention as an energy-efficient solution for climate control in hot and dry regions. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of the most recent advancements in evaporative cooling technologies for building applications in hot and dry climates. The review focuses on global literature, with an emphasis on building applications. The findings of this review indicate that evaporative cooling systems with hybrid configurations, particularly multi-stage systems, can achieve cooling efficiencies of up to 95%. These systems are highly energy-efficient, with energy consumption ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 kW/t, with hybrid and multi-stage designs showing the best performance. Direct and indirect evaporative cooling systems also perform well, with cooling effectiveness ranging from 60% to 85%. Their reliance on water, rather than harmful refrigerants, results in minimal environmental impact, making them an eco-friendly alternative to traditional cooling methods. The coefficient of performance (COP) for these systems is favorable, with hybrid and multi-stage designs reaching COP values as high as 35, indicating substantial cooling output relative to energy input. In addition, the performance of evaporative cooling systems is highly influenced by their design parameters and operating conditions. Advanced designs that incorporate multi-stage cooling and effective water management tend to provide enhanced cooling capacity and energy efficiency. Therefore, evaporative cooling systems are an excellent option for sustainable building practices, contributing significantly to energy savings and reduced environmental impact.
Macro Performances and Microstructures of Graphene Oxide-Modified Cement Mortar Under Steam Curing Conditions
Authors: Luo Zhongwei , Su Weicheng , Deng Yaojun , Ye Weihua , Su Hang , Chen Zhuoyu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of incorporating polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) and graphene oxide (GO) into cement mortar. The mechanical properties and durability of PCE-GO-modified cement mortar were compared under standard curing conditions and steam curing conditions. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved with a GO content of 0.04 wt% in a dosage of 0 to 0.06 wt%. Comparing the mortar’s performance under standard and steam curing conditions after 28 days revealed that the mechanical properties of the specimens cured under steam conditions were significantly lower than those cured under standard conditions. However, when 0.12 wt% PCE and 0.04 wt% GO were added, the filler effect of GO led to a 31.8% increase in flexural strength and a 28.4% increase in compressive strength for the specimens cured under steam conditions on the 28th day, effectively compensating for the strength loss caused by steam curing. The chloride ion penetration test and sulfate erosion test confirmed the optimal performance of the cement mortar specimens at 0.04 wt% GO, with corrosion resistance coefficients for flexural and compressive strength increasing by 68% and 70%, respectively, after 90 days of steam curing. Furthermore, SEM observations were conducted on the cement mortar specimens, revealing that GO not only fills the internal voids of the matrix but also organizes the hydration products of cement, resulting in a more compact matrix structure. This study enables PCE-GO-modified cement mortar to meet the requirements of early strength development without compromising the later-stage performance of the cement mortar due to steam curing-induced damage.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Resected Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas Do Not Correlate with Tumor Regression Score After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Results of a Case-Series Study
Authors: Seretis Fotios , Glava Chrysoula , Smparounis Spyridon , Riga Dimitra , Karantzikos Georgios , Theochari Maria , Theodorou Dimitrios , Triantafyllou Tania
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and stomach present clinical entities with significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality, often requiring multimodal treatments. Preoperative chemotherapy, mainly the FLOT regimen, is increasingly being utilized in the neoadjuvant setting for the treatment of these malignancies, with varying degrees of tumor response. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-institution review on 75 patients operated on for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and stomach after neoadjuvant FLOT. We investigated whether tumor response correlates with disease response in lymph nodes examined on surgical specimens. We also investigated the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in correlation with primary tumor response and disease response in lymph nodes on pathological specimens. Results: Our results suggest that TILs correlate in a differential manner with regards to primary tumors versus lymph nodes, thus suggesting that there are different biologic processes in place. Conclusions: Our results provide unique evidence on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the adenocarcinoma histology of the esophagogastric junction and stomach and might be important for further studies.
Deciphering CD59: Unveiling Its Role in Immune Microenvironment and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Patel Bhaumik , Silwal Ashok , Eltokhy Mohamed Ashraf , Gaikwad Shreyas , Curcic Marina , Patel Jalpa , Prasad Sahdeo
Published: November 2024

Background: CD59, a GPI-anchored membrane protein, protects cancer cells from complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by inhibiting the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). It has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in most solid tumors, where it facilitates tumor cell escape from complement surveillance. The role of CD59 in cancer growth and interactions between CD59 and immune cells that modulate immune evasion has not been well explored. Methods: Using cancer patient database from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other public databases, we analyzed CD59 expression, its prognostic significance, and its association with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, identifying associated genomic and functional networks and validating findings with invitro cell-line experimental data. Results: This article describes the abundant expression of CD59 in multiple tumors such as cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC), kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), as well as in pan-cancer, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and confirmed using multiple cancer cell lines. The expression of CD59 significantly alters the overall survival (OS) of patients with multiple malignancies such as CESC, GBM, HNSC, and STAD. Further, the correlation between CD59 and Treg and/or MDSC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has shown to be strongly associated with poor outcomes in CESC, GBM, HNSC, and STAD as these tumors express high FOXP3 compared to KIRC. Moreover, unfavorable outcomes were strongly associated with the expression of CD59 and M2 tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in the TME via the IL10/pSTAT3 pathway in CESC and GBM but not in KIRC. In addition, TGFβ1-dominant cancers such as CESC, GBM, and HNSC showed a high correlation between CD59 and TGFβ1, leading to suppression of cytotoxic T cell activity. Conclusion: Overall, the correlation between CD59 and immune cells predicts its prognosis as unfavorable in CESC, GBM, HNSC, and STAD while being favorable in KIRC.
Functional Adaptation in the Brain Habenulo–Mesencephalic Pathway During Cannabinoid Withdrawal
Authors: Aroni Sonia , Sagheddu Claudia , Pistis Marco , Muntoni Anna Lisa
Published: November 2024

The mesolimbic reward system originating from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain shows a profound reduction in function during cannabinoid withdrawal. This condition may underlie aversive states that lead to compulsive drug seeking and relapse. The lateral habenula (LHb) exerts negative control over the VTA via the GABA rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), representing a potential convergence point for drug-induced opponent processes. We hypothesized that the LHb–RMTg pathway might be causally involved in the hypodopaminergic state during cannabinoid withdrawal. To induce Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dependence, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with THC (15 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 6.5–7 days. Administration of the cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (5 mg/kg, i.p.) precipitated a robust behavioral withdrawal syndrome, while abrupt THC suspension caused milder signs of abstinence. Extracellular single unit recordings confirmed a marked decrease in the discharge frequency and burst firing of VTA dopamine neurons during THC withdrawal. The duration of RMTg-evoked inhibition was longer in THC withdrawn rats. Additionally, the spontaneous activity of RMTg neurons and of LHb neurons was strongly depressed during cannabinoid withdrawal. These findings support the hypothesis that functional changes in the habenulo–mesencephalic circuit are implicated in the mechanisms underlying substance use disorders.
Ionogels in Aqueous Media: From Conductometric Probing of the Ionic Liquid Washout to the Design of More Stable Materials
Authors: Kottsov Sergei Yu. , Badulina Alexandra O. , Ivanov Vladimir K. , Baranchikov Alexander E. , Nelyubin Aleksey V. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Selivanov Nikita A. , Nikiforova Marina E. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: November 2024

Although the most promising applications of ionogels require their contact with aqueous media, few data are available on the stability of ionogels upon exposure to water. In this paper, a simple, easy-to-setup and precise method is presented, which was developed based on the continuous conductivity measurements of an aqueous phase, to study the washout of imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) from various silica-based ionogels immersed in water. The accuracy of the method was verified using HPLC, its reproducibility was confirmed, and its systematic errors were estimated. The experimental data show the rapid and almost complete (>90% in 5 h) washout of the hydrophilic IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide) from the TMOS-derived silica ionogel. To lower the rate and degree of washout, several approaches were analysed, including decreasing IL content in ionogels, using ionogels in a monolithic form instead of a powder, constructing ionogels by gelation of silica in an ionic liquid, ageing ionogels after sol–gel synthesis and constructing ionogels from both hydrophobic IL and hydrophobic silica. All these approaches inhibited IL washout; the lowest level of washout achieved was ~14% in 24 h. Insights into the ionogels’ structure and composition, using complementary methods (XRD, TGA, FTIR, SEM, NMR and nitrogen adsorption), revealed the washout mechanism, which was shown to be governed by three main processes: the diffusion of (1) IL and (2) water, and (3) IL dissolution in water. Washout was shown to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, with the kinetic constants being in the range of 0.007–0.154 mol−1·s−1.