bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Erythrina senegalensis Leaf Extract Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Enupe Oyibo Joel , Umar Christiana Micah , Philip Manbyen , Musa Emmanuel , Oti Victor Baba , Khaliq Asif
Published: November 2024

Biofilms are bacterial communities on surfaces within an extracellular matrix. Targeting biofilm-specific bacteria is crucial, and natural compounds with reported antibiofilm activity have garnered significant interest. The study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Erythrina senegalensis leaf extract against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract was prepared using aqueous and ethanol solvents, and qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone, reducing sugar, and ketones. A Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion assay was performed to test the susceptibility of antibiotics, and the antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of E. senegalensis was determined using the cup-plate method, while the antibiofilm activities were determined using the crystal violet titer-plate method. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of E. senegalensis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone, reducing sugar, and ketones. The study found that the Gram-negative bacteria isolates that were MDR were S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and P. aeruginosa, while K. pneumoniae was resistant to beta-lactam and fluoroquinolones, and S. Typhi was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Statistically, susceptibility to antibiotics had an inverse, weak, and significant relationship with biofilm production (r = −0.453, −0.106, −0.124, −0.106, −0.018, n = 10, p < 0.05). The aqueous extract showed good biofilm inhibition against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, and poor biofilm inhibition against S. Enteritidis, while S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi exhibited no biofilm inhibition. The ethanol extract did not demonstrate any antibiofilm activity against the tested Gram-negative pathogens. The study suggests that the Gram-negative bacteria’s capacity to form biofilms is negatively associated with their antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the aqueous extract of E. senegalensis exhibited moderate antibiofilm activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. Enteritidis.
The Interaction of Microalgae Dietary Inclusion and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio on the Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Goats
Authors: Kyriakaki Panagiota , Mavrommatis Alexandros , Tsiplakou Eleni
Published: November 2024

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to be effective in enhancing the quality of ruminant products, including meat and milk. However, under these dietary conditions, the de novo lipogenesis could be influenced, too. On the other hand, even if the forage-to-concentrate ratio (F:C) is also a key factor affecting lipid metabolism in small ruminants, there is scarce information about its interaction with dietary PUFA. This study investigates the potential of the F:C ratio as a lever to manipulate lipid metabolism in dairy goats under high dietary PUFA supplementation. For this purpose, twenty-two crossbred dairy goats [Alpine × Local (Greek) breeds] (BW = 50.6 ± 6.1 kg) at early lactation (70 ± 10 days in milk) during the age of 3–4 years old, were separated into two homogeneous subgroups (n = 11). In the first phase, each goat was fed 20 g Schizochytrium spp./day followed by either a high-forage (20 HF) or a high-grain (20 HG) diet, while in the second phase, each goat was fed 40 g Schizochytrium spp./day followed once again either a high-forage (40 HF) or a high-grain (40 HG) diet. The F:C ratio of a high-forage and high-grain diet was 60:40 and 40:60, respectively. Tail fat tissue samples were collected by biopsy on the 42nd day of each experimental phase (last day). Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the gene expression of ACACA, CBR2, COX4I1, ELOVL5, ELOVL7, LEP, and SCD were presented in goats fed 40 g compared to those fed 20 g Schizochytrium spp., while the gene expression of ACACA, AGPAT2, AGPAT3, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, EPHX2, FASN, and SCD was decreased in high grain compared to high-forage diets. This study also indicated that with the aim to enrich goat products with PUFA by increasing their levels in the diet, lipid metabolism is negatively affected. However, a diet with higher forage inclusion can partially attenuate this condition.
High Prevalence of aCL-IgA and aβ2GPI-IgA in Drug-Free Schizophrenia Patients: Evidence of a Potential Autoimmune Link
Authors: Samoud Samar , Zamali Imen , Korbi Fatma , Mtiraoui Ahlem , Ben Hmid Ahlem , Hannachi Neila , Galai Yousr , Louzir Hechmi , El Kissi Yousri
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with increasing evidence pointing to an autoimmune component, including the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies, particularly the IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes, in drug-free SZ patients compared to healthy controls, and explore their possible involvement in the disease’s pathophysiology. Methods: Eighty SZ patients meeting DSM-IV criteria were recruited, along with 80 matched healthy controls. Serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to quantify IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes of aCL and aβ2GPI. Results: SZ patients exhibited significantly higher levels of aCL-IgM and aCL-IgA (p < 0.05), as well as elevated aβ2GPI-IgA (22.5%, p < 0.001), compared to controls. No significant differences were observed in the aCL-IgG isotype. Interestingly, 72% of aPL-positive SZ patients were positive for aβ2GPI-IgA, with some also co-expressing multiple isotypes, suggesting a potential link between SZ and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Conclusions: This study is the first to report a high prevalence of aCL-IgA and aβ2GPI-IgA in SZ patients, highlighting a possible autoimmune involvement in the disease. The presence of multiple aPL isotypes, particularly IgA, suggests a need for further investigation into their role in SZ pathogenesis and their potential association with APS.
Combining the Powerful Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Pomegranate Waste Extracts with Whey Protein Coating-Forming Ability for Food Preservation Strategies
Authors: Viggiano Sara , Argenziano Rita , Lordi Adriana , Conte Amalia , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro , Panzella Lucia , Napolitano Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Different solvents water, ethanol and ethanol/water (6:4 v/v), were compared in the extraction of pomegranate peels and seeds (PPS) in terms of recovery yields, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial action against typical spoilage bacterial and fungal species. The best performing extract (ethanol/water (6:4 v/v) was shown to contain mostly ellagic acid and punicalagin as phenolic compounds (5% overall) and hydrolysable tannins (16% as ellagic acid equivalents) and was able to inhibit the growth of the acidophilic Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris at a concentration as low as 1%. The preservation of the organoleptic profile of A. acidoterrestris-inoculated apple juice with extract at 1% over 20 days was also observed thanks to the complete inhibition of bacterial growth, while the extract at 0.1% warranted a significant (40%) inhibition of the enzymatic browning of apple smoothies over the first 30 min. When incorporated in whey proteins’ isolate (WPI) at 5% w/w, the hydroalcoholic extract conferred well appreciable antioxidant properties to the resulting coating-forming hydrogel, comparable to those expected for the pure extract considering the amount present. The WPI coatings loaded with the hydroalcoholic extract at 5% were able to delay the browning of cut fruit by ca. 33% against a 22% inhibition observed with the sole WPI. In addition, the functionalized coating showed an inhibition of lipid peroxidation of Gouda cheese 2-fold higher with respect to that observed with WPI alone. These results open good perspectives toward sustainable food preservation strategies, highlighting the potential of PPS extract for the implementation of WPI-based active packaging.
Special Issue on Advanced Optoelectronic Devices and Systems: An Overview
Authors: Tian Dapeng , Shi Shaocen
Published: November 2024

Advanced optoelectronic devices and systems are at the forefront of modern science, and their advances have led to significant advances in various industries, including telecommunications, healthcare, energy, and computing [...]
Impact of Virtual Reality on Brain–Computer Interface Performance in IoT Control—Review of Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Piszcz Adrianna , Rojek Izabela , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: November 2024

This article examines state-of-the-art research into the impact of virtual reality (VR) on brain–computer interface (BCI) performance: how the use of virtual reality can affect brain activity and neural plasticity in ways that can improve the performance of brain–computer interfaces in IoT control, e.g., for smart home purposes. Integrating BCI with VR improves the performance of brain–computer interfaces in IoT control by providing immersive, adaptive training environments that increase signal accuracy and user control. VR offers real-time feedback and simulations that help users refine their interactions with smart home systems, making the interface more intuitive and responsive. This combination ultimately leads to greater independence, efficiency, and ease of use, especially for users with mobility issues, in managing IoT-connected devices. The integration of BCI and VR shows great potential for transformative applications ranging from neurorehabilitation and human–computer interaction to cognitive assessment and personalized therapeutic interventions for a variety of neurological and cognitive disorders. The literature review highlights the significant advances and multifaceted challenges in this rapidly evolving field. Particularly noteworthy is the emphasis on the importance of adaptive signal processing techniques, which are key to enhancing the overall control and immersion experienced by individuals in virtual environments. The value of multimodal integration, in which BCI technology is combined with complementary biosensors such as gaze tracking and motion capture, is also highlighted. The incorporation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques will revolutionize the way we approach the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
Detection of Diffusion Interlayers in Dissimilar Welded Joints in Processing Pipelines by Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Barat Vera , Marchenkov Artem , Bardakov Vladimir , Arzumanyan Dmitrij , Ushanov Sergey , Karpova Marina , Lepsheev Egor , Elizarov Sergey
Published: November 2024

The paper considers the neural network application to detect microstructure defects in dissimilar welded joints using the acoustic emission (AE) method. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is that defect detection is carried out taking into account a priori information about the properties of the AE source and the acoustic waveguide parameters of the testing structure. Industrial process pipelines with dissimilar welded joints were studied as the testing object, and diffusion interlayers formed in fusion zones of welded joints were considered microstructure defects. The simulation of AE signals was carried out using a hybrid method: the signal waveform was determined based on a finite element model, while the amplitudes of AE hits were determined based on a physical experiment on mechanical testing of dissimilar welded joints. Measurement data from industrial process pipelines were used as noise realizations. As a result, a data sample was formed that considered the parameters of the AE source and the parameters of the acoustic waveguide with realistic noise parameters and a signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed method allows for a more accurate determination of the waveform, spectrum, and amplitude parameters of the AE signal. Greater certainty in the useful signal parameters allows for achieving a more accurate and reliable classification result. When using a backpropagation neural network, a percentage of correct classification of more than 90% was obtained for a data set in which the signal-to-noise ratio was less than (−5 dB) in 90% of cases.
Risk Factors for Unplanned Emergency Department Visits in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma During Radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Wei-Shan , Lee Chien-Lin , Chen Wei-Chih , Wu Ching-Nung , Chiu Tai-Jan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Lu Hao-Wei , Luo Sheng-Dean , Wang Yu-Ming
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is commonly treated with radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). However, unplanned emergency department (ED) visits during treatment can disrupt therapy and impact patient outcomes. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with unplanned ED visits in patients with NPC receiving RT or CCRT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2111 patients with NPC treated between 2001 and 2019 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients were categorized based on whether they experienced an unplanned ED visit during or up to three months post-treatment. Demographic and clinical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test, and survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Among the cohort, 573 patients (27.2%) experienced at least 1 unplanned ED visit. Risk factors for unplanned ED visits included older age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.001), and advanced clinical stage (T stage, p = 0.0046; N stage, p = 0.0034; M stage, p = 0.0008). No significant difference in ED visit rates was observed between RT alone and CCRT groups. Conclusions: Unplanned ED visits were common during NPC treatment, with risk factors primarily related to patient age, comorbidities, and disease stage. Identifying high-risk patients may enable interventions to reduce ED visits, improve survival outcomes, and alleviate healthcare costs.
Teachers’ Roles in Coping with School Violence from the Perspectives of Prospective Teachers: A Q Methodological Approach
Authors: Shim Taeeun , Ye Cheolhae
Published: November 2024

This study explores prospective teachers’ perceptions of school violence and their role in addressing it. Using a mixed method called Q methodology, we quantitatively analyzed the subjective views of 37 prospective teachers. Based on 33 statements, the study categorizes teachers’ roles in managing school violence and analyzes the characteristics of each role type. The research results provide basic data for prospective teachers to develop their capabilities as experts in dealing with school violence. The study identifies the following three types of teachers: prevention-oriented (Type 1), reality-avoiding (Type 2), and legal-regulation-oriented (Type 3). Type 1 emphasizes that teachers can significantly prevent school violence and believes that trusting relationships between teachers and students are key to reducing school violence. Type 2 teachers tend to ignore school violence out of fear of harm, even though they acknowledge its seriousness. Type 3 emphasizes the strict enforcement of legal responsibilities and rules, believing that clear regulations and punishments are essential for reducing school violence. This study highlights the need for customized educational programs that reflect the characteristics of different teacher types in handling school violence. It suggests incorporating practical strategies for preventing and responding to school violence in teacher training, expanding mental-health education, and promoting cooperative conflict-resolution methods between students and teachers.
Smart Readiness Indicator: Ready for Business? Evidence from a Northern EU Country
Authors: Autio Pauli , Borgentorp Eerika , Pulkka Lauri , Junnila Seppo
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to evaluate how well the increasingly popular, market-based real estate energy efficiency improvement projects support the EU’s high-level smart energy transition targets. The implications of these EU-level targets for buildings are described in the smart readiness indicator (SRI) framework. As the SRI becomes mandatory, it is important for the industry to understand whether current market practices align with the SRI framework. This study is based on a qualitative analysis of 49 energy efficiency improvement project proposal reports for properties located in Finland. We use the SRI framework to evaluate the potential impact of the various energy efficiency improvements proposed in the reports on the smart energy transition targets. Three expert interviews were also conducted to gain the interviewees’ interpretations of the industry. While energy efficiency improvement projects are obviously aimed at improving energy efficiency, the results indicate that they are beneficial for some parts of the SRI, mainly within the SRI’s main categories of heating, controlled ventilation, and monitoring and control. Some proposed actions also contribute to increased smart readiness in the categories of cooling and lighting, but the remaining four main categories are generally not being taken into consideration.
Polycrystalline Diamond Film Growth on Gallium Nitride with Low Boundary Thermal Resistance
Authors: Wang Ying , Yao Jiahao , Yang Yong , Fan Qian , Ni Xianfeng , Gu Xing
Published: November 2024

As the demand for high-frequency and high-power electronic devices has increased, gallium nitride (GaN), particularly in the context of high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), has attracted considerable attention. However, the ‘self-heating effect’ of GaN HEMTs represents a significant limitation regarding both performance and reliability. Diamond, renowned for its exceptional thermal conductivity, represents an optimal material for thermal management in HEMTs. This paper proposes a novel method for directly depositing diamond films onto N-polar GaN (NP-GaN) epitaxial layers. This eliminates the complexities of the traditional diamond growth process and the need for temporary substrate steps. Given the relative lag in the development of N-polar material growth technologies, which are marked by surface roughness issues, and the recognition that the thermal boundary resistance (TBRGaN/diamond) represents a critical factor constraining efficient heat transfer, our study has introduced a series of optimizations to enhance the quality of the diamond nucleation layer while ensuring that the integrity of the GaN buffer layer remains intact. Moreover, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technology was employed to effectively reduce the surface roughness of the NP-GaN base, thereby providing a more favorable foundation for diamond growth. The optimization trends observed in the thermal performance test results are encouraging. Integrating diamond films onto highly smooth NP-GaN epitaxial layers demonstrates a reduction in TBRGaN/diamond compared to that of diamond layers deposited onto NP-GaN with higher surface roughness that had undergone no prior process treatment.
Long Term Follow-Up in Gluteal Augmentation Using Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid: Up to 20 Months Ultrasound Follow-Up
Authors: Pazzini Renato , Viana Renata , Petrone Giseli
Published: November 2024

This article describes a technique for gluteal augmentation using cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, with a focus on long-term patient follow-up. The rising demand for buttock enhancement driven by esthetic preferences has led to the exploration of minimally invasive alternatives to traditional surgical methods. Ultrasound imaging was utilised to evaluate the presence and distribution of HA filler over time. The patients reported satisfactory aesthetic improvements, with mild transient side effects. The findings highlight the technique’s effectiveness in achieving enhanced gluteal contour with a minimal volume of filler, demonstrating both safety and durability in the long term. This innovative approach may serve as a valuable option in aesthetic practises focused on body contouring.
The Management of a Giant Convexity en Plaque Anaplastic Meningioma with Gerstmann Syndrome: A Case Report of Surgical Outcomes in a 76-Year-Old Male
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Brehar Felix Mircea , Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Serban Matei , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Aljboor Ghaith S. , Gorgan Radu M.
Published: November 2024

Background: This case report highlights a rare presentation of a giant convexity en plaque anaplastic meningioma, located in the left frontoparietal parasagittal region, infiltrating the superior sagittal sinus, and associated with Gerstmann syndrome. This study aims to explore the clinical challenges, surgical management, and potential reversibility of neurological deficits induced by the tumor, including those characteristic of Gerstmann syndrome. Methods: A 76-year-old male patient presented with a history of worsening expressive aphasia and cognitive impairments, culminating in a generalized seizure. Preoperative imaging confirmed a 4 × 6 cm highly vascularized tumor with significant peritumoral edema. The patient underwent near-total resection of the tumor, aiming for a Simpson grade 2 resection, while managing hypervascularity and brain edema. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma (WHO Grade III), showing features such as necrosis, brain invasion, and high mitotic activity. Results: Post-surgical follow-up demonstrated significant improvement in the patient’s neurological deficits, particularly in expressive language and cognitive function, suggesting a potential reversal of Gerstmann syndrome. Postoperative imaging revealed a moderate degree of cerebral collapse and absence of contrast leakage. Two-month follow-up confirmed no recurrence of neurological deficits. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the complexity of managing giant convexity en plaque anaplastic meningiomas, particularly when associated with Gerstmann syndrome. Surgical resection, despite the challenges posed by tumor size, hypervascularity, and peritumoral edema, can lead to significant neurological recovery, highlighting the potential reversibility of tumor-induced Gerstmann syndrome.
Do 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors Influence the Features of Suspicious Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Targeted Biopsy Results for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis?
Authors: Savin Ziv , Shem-Tov Dlugy Avishay , Grinbaum Miri , Mendelson Tomer , Lifshitz Karin , Mano Roy , Keren-Paz Gal , Bar-Yosef Yuval , Neeman Rina , Yossepowitch Ofer , Dekalo Snir
Published: November 2024

Background: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) change hormonal pathways and reduce prostate size. We evaluated the effects of 5-ARIs on prostatic multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) suspicious findings and in the identification of prostate cancer using targeted biopsies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including 600 consecutive patients who, between 2017 and 2021, underwent combined transperineal fusion biopsies. Primary outcomes were Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PIRADS v2) scores and the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer from suspicious lesions (targeted CSPC). Outcomes were compared between patients treated with 5-ARIs for a minimum of 6 months and the other patients. Results: Patients treated with 5-ARIs were older (p < 0.001) with higher rates of previous prostate biopsies (p = 0.004). PIRADS scores were 3, 4, and 5 in 15 (29%), 28 (54%), and 9 (17%) patients among the 5-ARI group and 130 (24%), 308 (56%), and 110 (20%) patients among the others, and the scores were not different between the groups (p = 0.69). The targeted CSPC identification rate among 5-ARI patients was 31%, not different compared to the non-5-ARI group (p = 1). Rates of targeted CSPC for each PIRADS score were not affected by 5-ARI treatment. The 5-ARI was not associated with neither PIRADS ≥ 4 score nor targeted CSPC on logistic regression analyses (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.4–1.4 and OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.5–1.9, respectively). Conclusions: 5-ARI treatment is not associated with PIRADS score alterations or targeted biopsy results. Patients treated by 5-ARIs with suspicious lesions should not be addressed differently during the mpMRI-related diagnostic process.
Bowen’s Formula for a Dynamical Solenoid
Authors: Biś Andrzej , Kozłowski Wojciech , Marczuk Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

More than 50 years ago, Rufus Bowen noticed a natural relation between the ergodic theory and the dimension theory of dynamical systems. He proved a formula, known today as the Bowen’s formula, that relates the Hausdorff dimension of a conformal repeller to the zero of a pressure function defined by a single conformal map. In this paper, we extend the result of Bowen to a sequence of conformal maps. We present a dynamical solenoid, i.e., a generalized dynamical system obtained by backward compositions of a sequence of continuous surjections (fn:X→X)n∈N defined on a compact metric space (X,d). Under mild assumptions, we provide a self-contained proof that Bowen’s formula holds for dynamical conformal solenoids. As a corollary, we obtain that the Bowen’s formula holds for a conformal surjection f:X→X of a compact
Correction: Adelabu et al. Analysis of the Status of Irrigation Management in North Carolina. Earth 2024, 5, 463–476
Authors: Adelabu Anuoluwapo Omolola , Masasi Blessing , Somefun Olabisi Tolulope
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
A Quantitative Analysis of University Admission Results for Hungarian Ethnic Minority Students in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Demeter József , Czimre Klára , Teperics Károly
Published: November 2024

This study analyses the higher education admission results of Hungarian ethnic minority students in Hungary originating from Central and Eastern European countries (Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Romania) by secondary education background (national system vs. foreign system) and school-leaving qualification background (advanced and intermediate levels in Hungary and their native country). Students (n = 759) take (or have taken) part in undivided (5-year) and bachelor (3-year) programs at universities in Hungary and, for historical reasons, live as ethnic minorities in their home countries in the Carpathian Basin. There are significant differences in the number of students according to their secondary education background. Of the admitted students, 83.7% graduated from a national system secondary school and 16.3% from a foreign system secondary school before entering higher education. Using a Mann–Whitney U-test, we confirmed that the admission scores of students from the national secondary education system are significantly different from the scores of students who graduated from a foreign secondary education system (p < 0.001). The results of the Jonckheere–Terpstra test demonstrated that students with advanced-level exam results performed significantly better than those who entered higher education with intermediate-level or native country examination results (p < 0.001). However, there is no detectable difference (p > 0.05) between students who graduate at the intermediate level and students who graduate with a native country certificate. A regression model, based on the median admission scores, exhibited a trend of improving results for foreign students. The R2 quadratic determination coefficient is 0.705. This study provides insights into the educational pathways and decisions of Hungarian students residing abroad, underlining the influence of the national context and public education systems on their educational trajectories.
FuturesNet: Capturing Patterns of Price Fluctuations in Domestic Futures Trading
Authors: Pan Qingyi , Sun Suyu , Yang Pei , Zhang Jingyi
Published: November 2024

Futures trading analysis plays a pivotal role in the development of macroeconomic policies and corporate strategy planning. High-frequency futures data, typically presented as time series, contain valuable historical patterns. To address challenges such as non-stationary in modeling futures prices, we propose a novel architecture called FuturesNet, which uses an InceptionTime module to capture the short-term fluctuations between ask and bid orders, as well as a long-short-term-memory (LSTM) module with skip connections to capture long-term temporal dependencies. We evaluated the performance of FuturesNet using datasets numbered 50, 300, and 500 from the domestic financial market. The comprehensive experimental results show that FuturesNet outperforms other competitive baselines in most settings. Additionally, we conducted ablation studies to interpret the behaviors of FuturesNet. Our code and collected futures datasets are released.
A GGCM-E Based Semantic Filter and Its Application in VSLAM Systems
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Shao Chunyan , Wang Jiaming
Published: November 2024

Image matching-based visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) extracts low-level pixel features to reconstruct camera trajectories and maps through the epipolar geometry method. However, it fails to achieve correct trajectories and mapping when there are low-quality feature correspondences in several challenging environments. Although the RANSAC-based framework can enable better results, it is computationally inefficient and unstable in the presence of a large number of outliers. A Faster R-CNN learning-based semantic filter is proposed to explore the semantic information of inliers to remove low-quality correspondences, helping vSLAM localize accurately in our previous work. However, the semantic filter learning method generalizes low precision for low-level and dense texture-rich scenes, leading the semantic filter-based vSLAM to be unstable and have poor geometry estimation. In this paper, a GGCM-E-based semantic filter using YOLOv8 is proposed to address these problems. Firstly, the semantic patches of images are collected from the KITTI dataset, the TUM dataset provided by the Technical University of Munich, and real outdoor scenes. Secondly, the semantic patches are classified by our proposed GGCM-E descriptors to obtain the YOLOv8 neural network training dataset. Finally, several semantic filters for filtering low-level and dense texture-rich scenes are generated and combined into the ORB-SLAM3 system. Extensive experiments show that the semantic filter can detect and classify semantic levels of different scenes effectively, filtering low-level semantic scenes to improve the quality of correspondences, thus achieving accurate and robust trajectory reconstruction and mapping. For the challenging autonomous driving benchmark and real environments, the vSLAM system with respect to the GGCM-E-based semantic filter demonstrates its superiority regarding reducing the 3D position error, such that the absolute trajectory error is reduced by up to approximately 17.44%, showing its promise and good generalization.
Research on Microgrid Optimal Scheduling Based on an Improved Honey Badger Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zheng , Dou Zhenhai , Liu Yuchen , Guo Jiaming , Zhao Jingwei , Yin Wenliang
Published: November 2024

As global energy demands continue to grow and environmental protection pressures increase, microgrids have garnered widespread attention due to their ability to effectively integrate distributed energy sources, improve energy utilization efficiency, and enhance grid stability. Due to the complexity of internal structure, variety of energy sources, and uncertainty of load demand, the optimal scheduling problem of microgrids becomes extremely complicated. Traditional optimization methods often perform poorly in complex and dynamic microgrid environments, and it is assumed that the complexity is low or that more simplification is needed, which leads to poor convergence and local optimality when dealing with uncertainty and nonlinear problems, making intelligent optimization algorithms a crucial solution to this problem. To address the shortcomings of the traditional honey badger algorithm, such as the slow convergence speed and a tendency to fall into local optima in complex microgrid optimal scheduling problems, this paper proposes a multi-strategy improved honey badger algorithm. During the population initialization phase, a combined opposition-based learning strategy is introduced to enhance the algorithm’s exploration and exploitation capabilities. Additionally, the introduction of variable spiral factors and a linearly decreasing strategy for parameters improves the overall efficiency of the algorithm and reduces the risk of local optima. To further enhance population diversity, a hunger search strategy is employed, providing stronger adaptability and global search capabilities in varying environments. The improved honey badger algorithm is then applied to solve the multi-objective optimal scheduling problem in grid-connected microgrid modes. The simulation results indicate that the improved honey badger algorithm effectively enhances the economic and environmental benefits of microgrid operations, improving system operational stability.
Ancient Text Translation Model Optimized with GujiBERT and Entropy-SkipBERT
Authors: Yu Fuxing , Han Rui , Zhang Yanchao , Han Yang
Published: November 2024

To cope with the challenges posed by the complex linguistic structure and lexical polysemy in ancient texts, this study proposes a two-stage translation model. First, we combine GujiBERT, GCN, and LSTM to categorize ancient texts into historical and non-historical categories. This categorization lays the foundation for the subsequent translation task. To improve the efficiency of word vector generation and reduce the limitations of the traditional Word2Vec model, we integrated the entropy weight method in the hopping lattice training process and spliced the word vectors with GujiBERT. This improved method improves the efficiency of word vector generation and enhances the model’s ability to accurately represent lexical polysemy and grammatical structure in ancient documents through dependency weighting. In training the translation model, we used a different dataset for each text category, significantly improving the translation accuracy. Experimental results show that our categorization model improves the accuracy by 5% compared to GujiBERT. In contrast, the Entropy-SkipBERT improves the BLEU scores by 0.7 and 0.4 on historical and non-historical datasets. Ultimately, the proposed two-stage model improves the BLEU scores by 2.7 over the baseline model.
Acquisition and Development of Basic Competences in Collaborative Environments Through Quiz-Based Game Applications
Authors: Medina José Amelio , Estriegana Rosa , Barchino Roberto , Robina-Ramírez Rafael , Otón-Tortosa Salvador , Moreira Teixeira António
Published: November 2024

This experimental study aims to examine students’ acceptance and attitude towards the use of Quiz-Based Game Applications, as well as to analyze how Quiz-Based Game Applications affect the acquisition and development of basic competences. To achieve this purpose, a mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a quantitative methodology through the analysis of responses from online questionnaires completed by 166 computer science students using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a qualitative methodology based on focus groups and observation. The theoretical framework was based on the widely recognized Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The findings indicate that students perceive these tools as useful and easy to use, thereby positively influencing their attitude towards the implementation of game-based learning. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the crucial role of game-based learning strategies in the effective development of essential competences for the comprehensive education of computer science students. These findings underscore the importance of considering the Quiz-Based Game Learning Applications (QGBLAs) approach as a valuable educational strategy to enhance learning and develop fundamental skills in students.
Influence of DC/DC Converter Control on Source Current Ripple of the Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Daraż Mateusz , Bogusz Piotr
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a solution to reduce source current ripple in the electrical power supplying a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. Source current ripple negatively affects the power source by introducing a variable frequency component and increasing losses in the power source. Reducing the source current ripple is important, especially in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The solution proposed in this paper for reducing source current ripple is to use a classic DC/DC boost converter connected in series with the SRM power supply system. The key to reducing source current ripple is the DC/DC converter control method proposed and described in this article. This method involves controlling the DC/DC converter synchronized with the speed of the SRM motor DC/DC. To verify the correct operation of the proposed solution, simulation and laboratory tests of an SRM drive were performed, the results of which are shown in this paper.
In Situ Raman Study of Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for Water Oxidation to Hydrogen Evolution: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wen Jiafeng , Tang Siyuan , Ding Xiang , Yin Yin , Song Fuzhan , Yang Xinchun
Published: November 2024

With the increasing global emphasis on green energy and sustainable development goals, the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is gradually becoming a crucial focus in research on water oxidation for hydrogen generation. However, its complicated reaction processes associated with its high energy barrier severely limit the efficiency of energy conversion. Recently, layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been considered as one of the most promising catalysts in alkaline media. Nonetheless, lacking a deep insight into the kinetic process of the electrocatalytic OER process is detrimental to the further optimization of LDH catalysts. Therefore, monitoring the catalytic reaction kinetic process via surface-sensitive in situ spectroscopy is especially important. In particular, the in situ Raman technique is capable of providing fingerprint information for surface species and intermediates in the operating environment. From the perspective of Raman spectroscopy, this paper provides an exhaustive overview of research progress in in situ Raman for the characterization of the catalytic mechanism of LDH catalysts, providing theoretical guidance for designing LDH materials. Finally, we present an incisive discussion on the challenges of the electrocatalytic in situ Raman technique and its future development trend.
Day-Ahead Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Operations Considering System Efficiency and Green Hydrogen Production Constraints Imposed by the European Regulatory Framework
Authors: Graber Giuseppe , Calderaro Vito , Galdi Vincenzo , Ippolito Lucio , De Caro Fabrizio , Vaccaro Alfredo
Published: November 2024

Clean hydrogen (H2) use (i.e., produced using either renewable or low-carbon energy sources) can help decarbonize energy-intensive industries, the transport sector, and the power sector. The European regulatory framework establishes that the production of green H2 must be supported either by the electricity grid through a power purchase agreement (PPA) or by intermittent renewable energy source (RES) plants owned by the hydrogen producer. Although the issue of the optimization of hydrogen production costs has already been approached, constraints related to the current regulatory framework and the modeling of nonlinear electrolyzer efficiency still represent open problems. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, assuming as the objective function the overall cost minimization of the allowed energy mix for green H2 production, is formulated. Two approaches are compared: in the first one, electrolyzers can only operate at 100% load, whereas the second one allows for more flexible electrolyzer scheduling, by enabling partial-load working operations. The simulation results of several scenarios considering different H2 production targets, forecasted RES production, and cost for PPAs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Consumption of Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids Modulates Hunger and Satiety Responses Due to Chemical Interactions with Enteroendocrine Mediators
Authors: Zuñiga-Martínez B. Shain , Domínguez-Avila J. Abraham , Montiel-Herrera Marcelino , Villegas-Ochoa Mónica A. , Robles-Sánchez Rosario Maribel , Ayala-Zavala J. Fernando , Viuda-Martos Manuel , González-Aguilar Gustavo A.
Published: November 2024

Energy-dense foods are commonly rich in fat and simple sugars and poor in dietary fiber and micronutrients; regularly consuming them decreases the concentration and/or effect of anorexigenic hormones and may increase that of orexigenic ones, thereby decreasing satiety. In contrast, plant-derived phenolic-rich foods exert positive effects on satiety. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations on some of most representative phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallic acid (GA), ferulic acid (FA), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) have shown that they are able to modulate various hunger and satiety processes; however, there are few studies that show how their chemical structure contributes to achieve such effects. The objective of this review is to summarize how these phenolic acids can favorably modulate hormones and other satiety mediators, with emphasis on the chemical interactions exerted between the core of these compounds and their biological targets. The evidence suggests that they form interactions with certain hormones, their receptors, and/or enzymes involved in regulating hunger and satiety, which are attributed to their chemical structure (such as the position of hydroxyl groups). Further research is needed to continue understanding these molecular mechanisms of action and to utilize the knowledge in the development of health-promoting foods.
An Equus-Dominated Middle Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) Vertebrate Fauna from Northcentral Florida, USA
Authors: Hulbert Richard C. , Narducci Rachel E. , Sinibaldi Robert W. , Branin Joseph R.
Published: November 2024

A newly discovered deposit on the bed of the Steinhatchee River produced a moderately diverse assemblage of 15 vertebrate taxa herein designated the Steinhatchee River 2A (STR 2A) local fauna. Mammalian taxa isotopically shown from other sites to be either grazers or grazing-dominated mixed-feeders numerically dominate the fauna, especially a species of Equus. About 75% of the 552 identifiable fossils from STR 2A, representing a minimum of nine individuals, are referred to the informally named Equus (Equus) sp. A. The site produced the first known examples of associated upper and lower cheekteeth and lower incisors for this species, and also one of just two records outside of central and southern peninsular Florida. Like most Pleistocene sites in Florida, xenarthrans are diverse, with two cingulates, Dasypus and Holmesina, and two pilosans, Paramylodon and Megalonyx. An astragalus and several metatarsals of Holmesina are within the size range of H. septentrionalis, but also have some characteristics found in the older species H. floridanus. These finds corroborate that an evolutionary transition between these two species occurred in Florida during the Irvingtonian. The age of STR 2A is most likely middle Irvingtonian, ca. 0.5–0.7 Ma, an interval poorly known in Florida and the rest of the southeastern USA.
Differential Gene Expression Associated with Idiopathic Epilepsy in Belgian Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Kinsey Nathan , Belanger Janelle , Oberbauer Anita
Published: November 2024

Background: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) disproportionately affects Belgian shepherd dogs and although genomic risk markers have been identified previously in the breed, causative variants have not been described. Methods: The current study analyzed differences in whole blood RNA expression associated with IE and with a previously identified IE risk haplotype on canine chromosome (CFA) 14 using a transcriptomics RNA-seq approach. Results: MFSD2A and a likely pseudogene of RPL19, both of which are genes implicated in seizure activity, were upregulated in dogs with IE. Genes in the interferon signaling pathway were downregulated in Belgian shepherds with IE. The CFA14 risk haplotype was associated with upregulation of CLIC1, ACE2, and PIGN and downregulation of EPDR1, all known to be involved with epilepsy or the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions: These results highlight the value of assessing gene expression in canine IE research to uncover genomic contributory factors.
Recognition of Effective Co-Teaching Practices by Interdisciplinary Pre-Service Candidates
Authors: Wakeman Shawnee , Johnson Holly N. , Ouedraogo Khadija , Sinclair Kristin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the degree to which pre-service interdisciplinary groups of undergraduate education candidates recognize co-teaching skills and behaviors in practice. With the increasing emphasis on collaborative teaching models in contemporary educational settings, understanding how future educators perceive and identify effective co-teaching practices is crucial for enhancing educational preparation programs (EPPs). Using a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzed consensus ratings from an interdisciplinary assignment that asked candidates to work collaboratively while identifying best practices in co-teaching across example and non-example videos. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using student ratings and videos of group discussion for consensus scoring. Quantitative data were collected using consensus ratings for each indicator on the observation checklist. Qualitative data derived from video transcripts of the consensus rating sessions illuminated the process each group used and reasons each group provided for consensus ratings. The findings reveal varying degrees of recognition and understanding of co-teaching skills, highlighting both strengths and areas for improvement in the candidates’ ability to identify and apply these practices. This study provides valuable insights into the preparedness of pre-service educators for collaborative teaching environments and offers recommendations for integrating co-teaching competencies more effectively into EPPs.