bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programmable Holographic Optical Elements as Adaptive Optics in Optical Diagnostics Devices
Authors: Trolinger James D. , Lal Amit , Jo Joshua , Kupiec Stephen
Published: June 2010

This paper reports a combined, Hartmann/Digital Holographic interferometry inspection system for inspecting optical components that do not easily lend themselves to conventional interferometric or Hartmann inspection. A programmable holographic optical element (HOE) preconditions wavefronts to extend the dynamic range of interferometry measurements and also transforms the same system into a scanning Hartmann operation, which has lower resolution but higher dynamic range. Inspecting aspherical surfaces with existing interferometers requires special, computer generated holographic optical elements to transform the wavefront to within the dynamic range of the interferometer. The Hartmann measurement provides the information required to precondition a reference wave that avails the measurement process to the more precise phase shifting interferometry. The SLM offers yet other benefits including a method for minimizing the effects of speckle on the measurement. The paper provides example measurements, discusses the limitations, and suggests other potential applications.
Topical Tasks of Metrology due to Measuring Instruments Computerization
Authors: Aleхandrov Valery S. , Taymanov Roald E. , Chunovkina Anna G.
Published: June 2010

A number of new problems of measurement assurance of computerized measuring instruments at the stage of development, production and operation stages are discussed. Possible solutions are outlined taking into account the experience of the D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology.
Machine Vision for Surface Roughness Assessment of Inclined Components
Authors: Priya P. , Ramamoorthy B.
Published: June 2010

Many researchers have so far used machine vision and digital image processing for grabbing images of machined surfaces, improving their quality by pre-processing and then analysed them for evaluation of surface finish with a reasonable success. An attempt has been made in this work to capture the images of the surfaces with varying inclinations covering both the sides. The ideal orientation of the surface (flat and horizontal) is found by observing the variation in optical roughness parameters estimated from the grey level co-occurrence matrix as the angle of inclination changes. It is observed that the variation of roughness parameters with respect to angle of inclination also depends on the surface roughness of the component. The optical roughness values obtained by machine vision approach are then subsequently compared with the conventional Ra as obtained by stylus method and the analysis is presented.
3D Inspection of Fuel Assembly Components
Authors: Beloborodov Alexey V. , Chuguy Yuri V. , Finogenov Leonid V. , Gushchina Anna A. , Lemeshko Yuri A. , Zav’yalov Peter S.
Published: June 2010

Safety increasing of nuclear reactors is urgent problem for atomic industry. It takes 100% noncontact dimensional inspection of nuclear reactor components. Optoelectronic methods and systems for 3D inspection of fuel assembly elements, including spacer grids and fuel elements, are presented. The universal structured light method for 3D inspection of Russian and western grid spacers using diffraction elements is developed. For fuel elements inspection one considers the shadow method which allows one to implement full inspection of articles under transported along the automatic production line. TDI SIE has developed the commercial version of systems for integral inspection of spacer grids and fuel elements. The experimental results of industrial testing are given.
High Precision Angular and Linear Measurements Using Universal Opto-Electronic Measuring Modules in Distributed Measuring Systems
Authors: Konyakhin Igor A. , Timofeev Alexander N. , Yaryshev Sergey N.
Published: June 2010

Large or long objects require measuring systems as a combination of more than one measuring instrument. In this case, the combination of instruments consists of one central module and several measuring modules. The measuring modules make the preliminary computation of measuring information and translate it to the central module for final computation of measuring parameters. The central module also makes statistics of measuring and archive information. Some tasks require noncontact measurement of angular and linear coordinates of objects or places. The optoelectronic measuring devices (OEMD) are ideal for these purposes. These devices also have other advantages such as high precision and adaptability. One and two coordinates high precision modules based on matrix and linear CCD or CMOS photo sensors are described. In this article variants of the distributed measuring systems are described. The basic attention is given to the description of the unified optoelectronic modules for measurement of angular and linear coordinates. Basic parameters and application examples of measuring modules are presented.
Multivariant System of Perspectives
Authors: Kovalev Aristarkh M.
Published: June 2010

The article describes a patented method of displaying objects that secures natural visual perception of the objects displayed without distortions in their scaling relation and the dimensional depth. The author considers a group of linear perspectives with homographic function to display/map 3D visual scenes. The article also describes matrices for projective transformation.
Accuracy Enhancement for Precision Angle Measuring Structures
Authors: Kiryanov Alexey V.
Published: June 2010

Producing high-quality optical limbs, circular scales, rasters, multibit code disks (key metrological elements hereinafter called “angle measuring structures” (AMS) is an important engineering problem for any manufacturer, making angle measuring gauges. The analysis of the precision parameters of the AMS that were made by the method of circular scanning has revealed that the distorted circular trajectory of the recording laser beam moving across the surface of a semimanufactured article to be the main source of errors in the AMS produced. The main reason causing the distortion has been the rotor imbalance in the spindle unit of the laser generator of images. The article offers solutions for accuracy enhancement in manufacturing precision angle measuring structures. It also describes error estimation process in the raster, manufactured upon implementing the solutions offered.
Error Modeling and Compensation for High-Precision Non-Contact Four Coordinate Measuring System
Authors: Zhang Fei , Jiang Zhuang De , Li Bing , Ding Jian Jun , Chen Lei
Published: June 2010

The error compensation technique is used to improve the accuracy of non-contact high-precision measuring system. To ensure the accuracy of the high-precision non-contact four-coordinate blade profile measuring system, the geometric and thermal error compensation model is proposed in this paper. The system is composed of three orthogonal coordinate axes (X, Y and Z) and a rotation axis R. The coordinate transformation matrix can be calculated by the mathematical model of rigid body which is established according to the related theoretical analysis. Three-beam interferometer and standard gauge block are adopted to verify the geometric error of the system. In the thermal deformation error compensation, wavelet neural network model is established. The thermal and geometric error compensation methods are analyzed and the experimental results are given.
Inner-Base Optoelectronic System for the Control of Linear Displacements
Authors: Arakantsev Konstantin G. , Konyakhin Igor A. , Timofeev Alexander N.
Published: June 2010

The control of railway track position is an important application area for coordinate measuring optoelectronic systems. One of the methods for the railway track control consists in determination of railway track position relatively to reference marks, which are mounted along the track [1]. In general case this system should be mounted on liner-tamper-surfacer and provide measurements of reference marks coordinates. Marks can be positioned up to 10 meters from track and measurements must be carried out in automatic mode. It has been decided to project the system on basis of inner-base rangefinder’s scheme [2].
Coherent Optical Method for Studies of Nanoscale Objects in Liquid Media Based upon Spatial Averaging of Data
Authors: Kulchin Yuriy N. , Vitrik Oleg B. , Lantsov Alexey D. , Kraeva Natalya P.
Published: June 2010

Correlation method for processing dynamic light scattering patterns observed when laser radiation passes through liquid media was developed. The method is based on procedure of spatial averaging of the data contained measured values of correlation functions of intensity of light scattered by moving small particles. The method allows one to measure particles diameters from 30 to 750 nm with measurement error less then 10%. The method makes it possible to decrease correlation functions measurement time down to 1 ms and provides opportunity to carry out measurements for different scattering angles simultaneously. The method offers a way of recognizing speckle pattern transformations caused by harmonic, translatory and Brownian motions of particles, and allows one to register influence of uncontrolled forces such as monochromatic and wideband acoustic fields upon particles size measurements results.
Estimation of Uncertainty of Coordinate Measurements According to the Type B Method
Authors: Jakubiec Władysław
Published: June 2010

The paper describes a new method for analytical estimation of the uncertainty component introduced by the CMM, including temperature influence. The uncertainty is estimated separately for each characteristic (dimension or geometrical deviation) given in the geometrical specification. The uncertainty is calculated directly, i.e. no analysis of the accuracy of determination of particular geometrical elements is performed. The fundamental condition enabling analytical estimation of the uncertainty is assumption that uncertainty of coordinate measurement depends on the differences of coordinates of characteristic points used to calculate particular deviation.
Principles for Echo Position Determination Using Airborne Ultrasound
Authors: Kaniak Georg , Schweinzer Herbert F.
Published: June 2010

Different approaches for determining the position of the reflection point of a transmitted ultrasound signal are investigated assuming a specular environment. Two different principles are outlined: one based on the evaluation of time of flight (TOF) differences at multiple receivers, the second on the evaluation of the directional characteristics of the ultrasound transducer itself. Experimental results are discussed as well as advantages that are gained by combining both methods.
A 3D Ultrasonic Positioning System with High Accuracy for Indoor Application
Authors: Schweinzer Herbert F. , Spitzer Gerhard F.
Published: June 2010

In the last years, a few Ultrasonic (US) positioning systems which are primarily directed at indoor tracking of mobile devices were presented. The US positioning system LOSNUS presented in this paper widens the application additionally supporting locating of static devices which can be numerously deployed communicating via a wired or wireless sensor network. However optimized for cheap realization, the system offers locating with high accuracy at medium high speed. The principle of operation, receiver design, and basic measurement results of reached accuracy are presented in the paper.
THz-Imaging on its Way to Industrial Application
Authors: Pfeifer Tilo , Bichmann Stephan
Published: June 2010

Terahertz radiation, which fills the gap between 100 GHz and 10 THz ( = 30 µm – 3 mm) in the electro-magnetic spectrum, has seldom been used outside of astronomy and other scientific research. However, in recent years there has been a significant interest in investigating THz radiation for different new applications. Especially the ability of terahertz radiation to penetrate deep into many organic materials without the damage associated with ionizing radiation such as X-rays lead to recent interests chiefly in the fields of security technology and biomedical imaging. The attribute of many different materials to be transparent for terahertz radiation, was also the reason for many difficulties in practical applications outside of research. Using radiation that can pass through so many materials so well makes detection difficult. In addition, sources to generate light at terahertz frequencies have suffered from low output intensity and other problems. Since the 1990s, technical breakthroughs in sources and detectors have brought terahertz technology within striking distance of significant commercial markets [1]. The pressure to develop new terahertz sources arose from two dramatically different groups - ultrafast timedomain spectroscopists who wanted to work with longer wavelengths, and long wavelength radio astronomers who wanted to work with shorter wavelengths. Today there are continuous-wave (CW) sources available as well as pulsed sources [2]. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of key scientific developments which currently represent the basics of the mentioned THz technology. Beginning with the working principle of opto-electronic THz sources and detectors, the paper explains different setups for transmitting and using THz radiation. Furthermore it shows different applications of different business branches and gives an outlook for industrial application in the fields of metrology and quality control.
Development and Characterization of Quasi-Optical Mesh Filters and Metastructures for Subterahertz and Terahertz Applications
Authors: Kuznetsov S.A. , Arzhannikov A.V. , Kubarev V.V. , Kalinin P.V. , Sorolla Mario , Navarro-Cia M. , Aznabet M. , Beruete M. , Falcone F. , Goncharov Yu.G. , Gorshunov B.P. , Gelfand A.V. , Fedorinina N.I.
Published: June 2010

We review our recent results on development of passive quasi-optical selective devices based on metallized subwavelength microstructure arrays designed for controlling radiation beams at frequencies from a few tens GHz up to ten THz: filters, polarizers, metasurfaces, ET-metamaterial lenses. The methods of electromagnetic simulation, technological implementation and (sub)THz-characterization of microstructure devices, as well as their applications, are discussed.
Terahertz Fabry-Perot Interferometer Constructed by Metallic Meshes with Micrometer Period and High Ratio of Linewidth/Period
Authors: Lu Zhen Gang , Tan Jiu Bin , Fan Zhi Gang
Published: June 2010

The possibility of constructing terahertz Fabry-Perot interferometer using metallic meshes with micrometer period and high ratio of linewidth/period is investigated, and the effectivity of traditional equivalent circuit method is verified by FDTD method. Simulation shows that the reflectance and transmittance of this kind of meshes calculated by equivalent circuit method have considerable deviation from those obtained by vector analysis of FDTD, so equivalent circuit method can be used to roughly evaluate the properties of this kind of metallic meshes. By using a metallic mesh with the period of 5 micrometers and the ratio of linewidth/period of 0.8, a finesse larger than 1100 can be achieved while the peak transmittance is still larger than 0.2 for a Fabry-Perot interferometer. It is therefore concluded that a high-quality terahertz Fabry-Perot interferometer can be constructed by using metallic meshes with micrometer period and high ratio of linewidth/period.
Principles of Bayesian Methods in Data Analysis
Authors: Krystek Michael Paul
Published: June 2010

Bayesian statistics provides a powerful tool for the analysis of data. The methods are flexible enough to permit a realistic modelling of complex measurements. Prior information about the experiment, as well as knowledge from other sources can be used in a natural way. All relevant quantities concerning the measurement, as e. g. the expected values and their associated uncertainties are obtained from probability density functions. Bayesian data analysis strictly follows the rules of probability theory, thus ensuring that the procedure is free of inconsistencies and is in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM).
Measurement and Visualization of Dynamics of Piezoelectric Microcantilever
Authors: Dong Wei Jie , Liu Meng Wei , Yan Cui
Published: June 2010

Methods for measuring the resonant frequencies and visualizing the motion of the Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 microcantilever are investigated. Considering the two-segment structure of the microcantilever, a self-exiting self-sensing method is proposed to obtain the fundamental resonant frequency. An optical system consisting of light microscope, CCD camera and video card is established to visualize the first two vibration mode shapes. The theoretical, measured and visualized first resonance of one micocantilever is 17.28 kHz, 17 kHz and 17.8 kHz, respectively. A theoretical second resonance of 84.16 kHz is seen at 71.9 kHz. The proposed method is valid for measuring and visualizing low resonances of active micro structure.
Interferometric Fiber-Optic Electric Current Sensor for Industrial Application
Authors: Starostin Nikolay I. , Ryabko Maksim V. , Chamorovskii Yurii K. , Gubin Vladimir P. , Sazonov Aleksandr I. , Morshnev Sergey K. , Korotkov Nikita M.
Published: June 2010

The interferometric electric current fiber-optic sensor for application in industry is presented. The modified spun fiber is used for sensitive fiber coil of sensor. The sensor has accuracy of 0.5% at temperature range from -40°C to 60°C without necessity of additional temperature compensation. The range of measured current is 15 – 250 kA. A frequency band is 0 – 5000 Hz and a nonlinearity of a sensor output is ±0.15%.
Wave Front Correction and Measurement by Using a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Li Ying , Zou Li Min
Published: June 2010

To correct wave front distortion, a phased only Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (LCSLM) is used. LCSLM can modulate the phase of the incident beam by changing the electric field applied to the transparent electrodes of a liquid crystal cell. The voltage change causes the refractive index of the liquid crystal change, so a phase shift produces. The distortion of a wave front can be measured by using a wave front interferometer. Since each pixel of SLM may be addressed and controlled independently, so proper voltage is supplied to each pixel to compensate the phase corresponding to the distortion. Before wave front correction, the LCSLM is tested and corrected by employing a Twyman-Green interferometer, which shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the phase value of each pixel. Experiment result shows that after error compensation of LCSLM, the wave front distortion correction accuracy reaches 0.06 λ.
Alignment of Cassegrain Telescope with Epps-Shulte Focus
Authors: Obraztsov Vladimir S. , Ageichik Alexander A.
Published: June 2010

The results of new alignment technique for a telescope with the Epps-Shulte focus are presented. The technique is based on application of the synthesized holographic elements and IR interferometry.
Intelligent Assessment for Pathological Gait Analysis
Authors: Hussein Sherif El-Sayed
Published: June 2010

The accurate assessment of pathological gait for individual subjects is a major problem in rehabilitation centers. Automated or semi-automated gait analysis systems are important in assisting physicians in the diagnosis of various diseases. However, these systems are not only highly sophisticated but also require superior quality cameras and complex software which capture large amount of data that often proves difficult to interpret for clinical staff trying to gain insight into the patient’s condition. Automation and simplification of the analysis of gait data is therefore necessary if it is to be used more productively. This research proposes a simple and cost effective approach that utilizes artificial intelligence techniques to automate the analysis and diagnosis processes. It also offers a means to compare different treatment methods and their effectiveness during the course of treatment. Visualization software has also been developed to increase the diagnostic reliability.
Microrelief Measurements for White-Light Interferometer with Adaptive Algorithm Interferogram Processing
Authors: Sysoev Evgeny V. , Kulikov Rodion V.
Published: June 2010

The problem of reducing measurement errors of surface microrelief with nonuniform scattering properties using white-light interferometer was discussed. Adaptive algorithm of thresholding which allows us to set optimal threshold in every point of measuring surface was proposed. Application of this algorithm of threshold choice allows increasing dynamical range of interference detection more than in 10 times. The dependences of scanning interferometer resolution on differentional interferogram thresholding have been discussed.
Auto Focusing Confocal Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection System
Authors: Wang Xue Fei , Yan Wei Ping , Bai Hai Ming , Li Wei
Published: June 2010

Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is one of the main means of Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) chip detection, in which the confocal detecting device is commonly used for its higher sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on confocal LIF detection principle, the confocal laser induced fluorescence detecting system, which could realize the auto focusing, and auto tracking was presented, and it contained the confocal optical system, the microprocessor control system and the computer process system. This device can acquire the fluorescence data by PMT or the chip images by CCD, and 3-dimensional electric moving stage could be controlled to accomplish the auto focusing and auto tracking by image process. The device could detect or observe the CE chip data in real time.
Information Fusion in Human Eye Aberration Measurement
Authors: Chen Jia Bi , Zhang Pei Ming , Zhuang Song Lin
Published: June 2010

An information fusion method measuring human eye aberrations is presented here. We have built an optical setup to combine two systems, which can measure the human eye’s objective and subjective wavefront aberration separately. Then the result datum is fused on feature level by information fusion method. Finally, we have done a series of experiments to demonstrate this combined fusion method and give some discussions.
A Method for Mass Estimation of Loose Parts in Nuclear Power Plant Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zheng Hua Wen , Cao Yan Long , Yang Jiang Xin , He Yuan Feng
Published: June 2010

A new method for mass estimation of loose parts in nuclear power plant (NPP) based on the support vector machine (SVM) was proposed. It includes analyses of the relationship between the impact signals’ frequency spectrum and the mass of loose part, then formation of a vector consisting of linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters, which represent the shape of spectrum of impact signal. Using the vector as input data and the mass of loose part as the output data to train the SVM, the mass estimation can be done by the trained SVM model. Experimental results show that the method has higher accuracy and easier to achieve than the traditional methods. It provides a new way for mass estimation of loose part in NPP.
Dynamic Performance of Flow Control Valve Using Different Models of System Identification
Authors: Chang Ho
Published: June 2010

This study measures the dynamic characteristics of flow control valve by a self-developed square pressure wave generator (SPWG). Comprised of a revolving shaft and a fixed ring, SPWG generates square pressure waves by the differential function of rotation between these two critical components. With the highly sensitive piezoelectric pressure sensor as the reference sensor, tests are conducted concurrently using a flow control valve. Under the same experimental parameters, the dynamic characteristics of flow control valve are evaluated by four kinds of system identification methods, namely ARX (Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input model), ARMAX (Auto-Regressive moving Average with eXogenous input model), OE (Output Error model) and BJ (Box-Jenkins model). The experimental results indicate that the dynamic performance of the tested flow control valve for resonance frequency, resonance peak and damping ratio are 1565.6 Hz, 0.9753 db and 0.4044, respectively.
Full-Field Laser Vibrometer for Instantaneous Vibration Measurement and Non-Destructive Inspection
Authors: Kilpatrick James M. , Markov Vladimir B.
Published: June 2010

We describe a system for real-time, full-field vibrometry, incorporating features of high-speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Based on a 2D interferometric sensor array, comprising 16×16 parallel illumination and detection channels, the matrix laser vibrometer (MLV), captures full-field data instantaneously, without beam scanning. The instrument design draws on the advantages of scale offered by modern telecommunications fiber optic and digital electronics. The resulting architecture, comprising a compact measurement probe linked by fiber optic umbilical to a remote electronics unit, facilitates practical application to the full-field study of transient vibrations and rapid non-destructive inspection of composite materials.
Tunable Interference Colour Filter in Micromechanical Performance
Authors: Nikulin Dmitry M. , Chesnokov Vladimir V. , Chesnokov Dimitry V.
Published: June 2010

The present paper deals with the questions of development and expected parameters of tunable multiplex-optical filters which use the combination of two interference optical filters - with one of high and with the first interference orders.
Asymmetric Thermal Structure for Frequency Stabilized Two-Mode Lasers
Authors: Hu Peng Cheng , Tan Jiu Bin , Wang Qi , Zhang Pei
Published: June 2010

In order to improve the frequency stabilization and the anti-interference ability of two-mode power-balance lasers, the asymmetric thermal structure made up of several thermal transfer layers with different heat transfer coefficient is proposed. Through the heat isolation effect of the middle layer in the structure, the laser has asymmetric thermal responses to electric heater control and air interference. So the anti-interference ability of the system is improved by keeping a low speed in air disturbance while keeping a high speed in thermal stabilization. Several experiments were made with two-mode laser to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that, frequency stability of the two-mode power-balance laser based on asymmetric thermal structure can be locked in 4.1×10-10 in ordinary lab condition, while it becomes 1.9×10-9 where the air velocity is 1m/s.
Application of Diode Lasers in Interferometrical Length Measurements
Authors: Höink Alexander , Meiners-Hagen Karl , Jusko Otto , Abou-Zeid Ahmed
Published: June 2010

The experimental results for the determination of the form of thin cylinders (Ø ~ 2.5 mm) as well as step heights of gauge blocks (~ 100 µm) and roundness profiles of test samples from metal or glass with different diameters between ~ 2.5 mm and 80 mm using two multi-wavelength diode laser interferometers are presented and discussed.
Problems of Terminology in the Field of Intelligent Sensors and Systems
Authors: Taymanov Roald E. , Sapozhnikova Ksenia
Published: June 2010

Terms and definitions in the field of sensors and measuring systems with the elements of artificial intelligence are not well-established. Nowadays, in Russia a draft of state standard “Intelligent Sensors and Intelligent Measuring Systems. Basic Terms and Definitions” is being under development. In accordance with the draft of the standard, the paper deals both with definitions and grounds of a number of terms such as “adaptive sensor”, “metrological self-check of sensors”, “metrological diagnostic check”, “intelligent sensor”, etc.
Factorial and Preliminary Parameter Tests for the Water Beam Assisted Form Error In-Process Optical Measurement
Authors: Zhang Y. , Gao Y. , Lai Y.H. , Wang J.X.
Published: June 2010

In precision machining, it is desirable to measure the workpiece form profiles to provide feedback for control to maintain machining quality. A water beam assisted form error in-process optical measurement approach has been proposed to solve the opaque coolant problem to permit form error in-process optical measurement. To have more comprehensive understanding of the method, factorial and preliminary parameter tests were conducted. It was found that the water flow rate Qw and the height of medium hm are the two most important parameters affecting the transparent window size At. For Qw, there is a transition of flow state changing from laminar to turbulent. Increasing hm generally gives smaller At. The preliminary parameter test results also show that the conditions Qw[0.6-0.75ml/s] and hm [0.3-0.4 mm] give better stability for At.
Measurements of Weld Geometry Using Image Processing Technology
Authors: Chang Chia Lung , Chen Yen Hung
Published: June 2010

The weld geometry is directly related to weld strength. The weld geometry by manual measurement may be inaccurate due to human errors. In this study, the image processing is proposed to measure the geometrical dimensions of bead-on-plate weld. The image noise of weld was smoothed by median filter. The boundary of fusion area was enhanced by histogram processing. The edge of deposit and fusion area is then obtained using Laplacian-Gaussian operator and zero crossing detection. The demonstrated example shows that the image processing can effectively and accurately measure the weld geometry.
Coordinate Measuring Machine with Large Working Volume Based on Laser Technological System
Authors: Vykhristyuk Ignat A.
Published: June 2010

Description of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) with large working volume ( ) based on Laser technological system LSP-2000 is presented. Preliminary measurement process is described. Analysis of uncertainty of measurement is presented. Prospect of CMM’s upgrade for 3D measurement functions is given.
Localization Accuracy Improved Methods for Range-Free Localization Schemes in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Hu Jia Wen , Yu Xiao Fen , Wang Biao , Li Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2010

Location information is the most important for wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to the limitation of energy, cost and influence of environment, range-free localization schemes are more suitable for WSN despite of their low localization accuracy. Two methods, which are improved grids SCAN and multiple locating and averaging scheme, are presented to improve localization accuracy of range-free localization schemes and performed through performance evaluation based on ROCRSSI (Ring Overlapping based on Comparison of Received Signal Strength Indicator). By simulation it is concluded that ROCRSSI applying both methods can get better localization performances.
Excited Energy Attenuation Study through Vibration Measurement and Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Lin Shen Yung , Chang C.K. , Chung C.T. , Hsu F.C. , Wang C.C. , Hsu Yuan Chuan
Published: June 2010

This paper presents the use of vibration measurement in conjunction with spectrum signal analysis to investigate the vibration phenomena and the dynamic response of the absorber system frame and rigid axle of a vehicle body under real road-driving conditions. Ford 1.6L sedan was selected as the vehicle body to carry out the experiments with different driving speeds. B&K PULSE dynamic signal analyzer was used to detect the vibration signal induced from the absorber system frame and rigid axle of the vehicle body in motion. The acquired on-line signals are then processed through the Fast Fourier Transform using the power spectrum density, the cepstrum method, and the overall analysis. The vibration energy attenuated from the absorber system is analyzed by comparing with that on the rigid axle excited from the road conditions corresponding to different driving speeds. Furthermore, the effects of various road conditions and driving speeds on oscillation of the vehicle body are studied. The corresponding results may be extensively treated as a guiding reference of the absorber system design and manufacturing for those vehicle manufacturing companies.
On-Line Test System for Vibration Measurement and Sorting of Ball Bearings
Authors: Chen Yu Xue , Liu Jian
Published: June 2010

A system for on-line measurement and sorting of ball bearings is presented in this paper. The structures and functions of its automatic testing mechanics and control system are described in detail. The system sorts the tested bearings into four grades by measured values of vibration parameters such as root-mean-square value, peak value, crest factor and kurtosis. Its stability of indication values is between ± 1.0 dB. The mechanism generating abnormal sounds of bearings is also investigated emphatically and the characteristics of abnormal sound signals are described on the basis of vibration model of tested bearing.
Asymmetry of Creative Activity: Product-Based Iterative Measurement Procedure
Authors: Mazhul Lidia A. , Petrov Vladimir M. , Mancone Stefania
Published: June 2010

To measure the relative role of left- or right-hemispheric processes involved both in creation of works of art and their perception, a procedure was derived based on calibrated expert estimations (of works or their authors). The resulting instrument for measurements consists of 7-10 scales and two sets of ‘contrastive objects’ (‘tuning forks,’ each containing 7-12 objects). The asymmetry is reflected by appropriate index which varies from –1 to +1 (‘pure’ right- and ‘pure’ left-hemispheric dominance, respectively). It occurs possible to eliminate subjectivity both of experts and researchers (compilers of the instrument). The method was used in evolutionary studies concerning 102 composers, 240 painters, etc.; the error of measurement was usually 3-5%. Evolutionary curves built on the basis of these indices, permitted to observe periodical switching between left and right styles in music, painting, theatre staging, and poetry.
Intensity of Creative Innovations: Construing Samples to Measure Artistic Evolution
Authors: Kovalenko Timofey V. , Kulichkin Peter A. , Mazhul Lidia A. , Petrov Vladimir M.
Published: June 2010

To compile samples (sets of poets, composers, painters, etc.) characterizing the development of different fields of creative activity, it is necessary to overcome two methodical difficulties. First, it is needed to choose due source (e.g., literary or musical encyclopedia) containing the raw data for further studies. Second, the task of averaging these data arises, because usually these data are described by so-called ‘stable non-Gaussian distributions.’ Nevertheless, both problems were solved, and evolutionary curves were built, for some national schools of art (creativity of 5982 composers belonging to 40 national schools, 2741 theatrical persons representing 9 national schools, etc.).
Periodical Waves in the Evolution of Art: Methods of Study
Authors: Kharuto Alexander V.
Published: June 2010

Studies of periodical processes in the evolution of art became rather widespread. P. Sorokin described cycles of about several centuries; periods close to 50 years have been observed in social relations by S. Maslov; numerous cycles in the stylistic evolution of art became well known due to C. Martindale. One of important characteristics of art history is the ‘intensity of artistic creativity’, which can be measured as the total (summary) volume of encyclopedic descriptions devoted to artists of appropriate creative sphere during every temporal segment of 1..10 years. These rows of ‘experimental data’ form evolutionary curves on historical time interval of several centuries. Such curves contain two components: a long-term trend and an ‘oscillating part’, which have time constants of about decades of years. In the row of historical data, these oscillations may be represented with only 2..10 ‘waves’ including 2 to 10 sampling points pro oscillation period. The goal of investigation is, to measure parameters of such oscillating components.
Clarification and Measure of Vivid Illusions Favoured by Canova’s Sculptures
Authors: Bonaiuto Paolo , Biasi Valeria
Published: June 2010

Three relevant sculptures by Antonio Canova, housed in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg, were studied during their temporary exhibition, in different years from 1991 to 2008, in three Italian cities: Rome, Venice and Forlì. The Canova art works taken into consideration were: “The Graces” (1813), “The Hebe” (1795), and “Love Awaking Psyche with a Kiss” (1787-1798). We performed systematic observations by individually interviewing “in the field” many visitors viewing the three aforesaid works, in order to highlight and measure some vivid visual illusions. These are: the consistency that is visually attributed to the marble, appearing influenced by the meaning of what was portrayed; typical visual shape sub-constancy and rigidity loss when “The Graces” are observed slantwise; visual position sub-constancy, and rigidity loss, when “The Hebe” is observed in different orientations with respect to the beholder position; and apparent movement, with rigidity loss, of the spread wings of “Love” during the rotation on its own axis of the “Love and Psyche” marble group. In this respect, we also have a video clearly illustrating the phenomenon. Specific psychological measures were proposed and performed for these illusions.
Intensity Waves: External or Internal Forces?
Authors: Kulichkin Peter A.
Published: June 2010

Periodical processes with duration of cycles about 50 years (MMP-waves), observed in artistic style, were deduced earlier. As well analogous waves take place in the intensity of artistic life, artistic creativity, and related spheres. On the basis of the data on 5982 composers, 867 painters, 2741 persons of theatre, and 992 playwrights of the 12th – 20th centuries (relating to 40 European countries), evolutionary curves were built for the ‘intensity of artistic creativity’ in each kind of art. Most curves reveal hill-like long-term trend; against the background of this trend periodical oscillations were observed, some of them being synchronous both for different kinds of art and different cultural regions. The same level of the intensity would be obtained if the value of external forces is rather high and the value of internal forces is low, or vice versa. Dealing with MMP-waves we can see 50-year cycles. Studying Intensity waves we observe cycles with various periods (about 40-50 years). Such difference is likely to be connected with influence of external and internal forces.
Nano- and Micropowder Laser Multy Wavelengths Sensing and Aerodynamic Classification
Authors: Chartiy Pavel V. , Privalov Vadim E. , Shemanin Valery G.
Published: June 2010

Industrial aerodisperse flows were characterized by significant aerosol polydisperse and concentration level. Thus particle concentration and size distribution have the information about the corresponding technological process condition. The aerosol parameters studies in the different places of the aerodisperse flow allows us to fulfill the optimal monitoring method choosing of these parameters in real time for the cement production. The particle size spectrum transformation analysis in the aerodynamic qualifiers in the real industrial flow of the cement aerosol particles has shown the opportunity of the aerosol dispersive control in the real time by the spectral transparency at the number of the wavelengths method.
Experiments of Negative-Index Refraction in Optical Frequency Region
Authors: Chen Jia Bi , Liang Bin Ming , Zhang Da Wei , Zhuang Song Lin
Published: June 2010

Recently, significant attention has been devoted to a new class of smart materials – so-called negative-index materials (NIM). There are some direct experimental demonstrations of NIM in the microwave frequency region, but not in optical frequency region. Here we report a kind of optical negative-index material which is 2D photonic crystal and, by measuring the refractive angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n. These experiments directly confirm this material is an optical negative-index one.
Prediction of the Bilinear Stress-Strain Curve of Engineering Material by Nanoindentation Test
Authors: Yang Tung Sheng , Fang Te Hua , Kawn C.T. , Ke G.L. , Chang S.Y.
Published: June 2010

Instrumented indentation is widely used to probe the elastic and plastic properties of engineering materials. Finite Element Method (FEM) has been widely used for numerical simulation of indentation tests on bulk and film material in order to analyze its deformation response. This study proposed an improved technique to determine the stress-strain curve of bulk material. FEM in conjunction with an abductive network is used to predict the stress-strain relationship of bilinear elastic-plastic material from the nanoindentation test’s force-displacement curve.
Thermal Effects of Platinum Bottom Electrodes on PZT Sputtered Thin Films Used in MEMS Devices
Authors: Koochekzadeh Ali , Alamdari Eskandar Keshavarz , Barzegar Abod Al Ghafar , Salardini Ali A.
Published: June 2010

For an optimum performance of MEMS devices such as microactuators and microsensors based on piezoelectric thin films a Si/Ti/Pt bottom electrode is widely used. This study shows temperature dependence of surface morphology of both platinum bottom electrode and piezoelectric lead titanate zirconate (PZT) thin films. Ti (10 nm) and Pt (100 nm) thin films were deposited on silicon substrate by thermal evaporation and electron beam, respectively, without vacuum breaking. After annealing treatment, the Pt film exhibited (111) preferred orientation. Finally a 0.8 micron thick PZT (54/46) films were deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering at room temperature in pure Ar followed by a conventional post annealing treatment on silicon substrate. The XRD measurements have shown the perovskite structure of PZT films with (100) preferred orientation growth. The roughness of platinum film measured by AFM test showed the continuous smoothness of platinum surface for different annealing temperatures. The SEM test results demonstrated that irrespective of the annealing temperature increases, recrystallization of platinum and nano-size holes on Pt surface occurred. The latter caused the acceleration of out-diffusion titanium atoms through Pt layer and reach to the other side of surface. The surface state of Pt thin film is very important as it could strongly influence the PZT surface morphology so the existence of bubbles and depression on PZT surface are increased with both recrystallization of Pt grains and nano-size holes on Pt film surface when the annealing temperature increased.
Requirements on a Differential Refractometer for its Use in Sizing Colloidal Particles
Authors: García-Valenzuela Augusto , Sánchez Pérez Celia
Published: June 2010

Most colloidal samples have a non-negligible imaginary component of the effective refractive index due to scattering and absorption losses. In this paper we analyze the requirements on a differential refractometer so that it can be used to measure the real part of the effective refractive index increment in colloids for particle size analysis.
Assessment of the Ukrainian Quality Infrastructure: Challenges Imposed by the WTO and Commitments to EU Accession
Authors: Frota M.N. , Racine J.L. , Blanc F. , Rodrigues P. , Ibragimov S. , Torkhov D. , Osavolyuk S.
Published: June 2010

The national metrology, standards and conformity assessment system in Ukraine is still largely based on the state-controlled Soviet system and differ significantly in form and function from the national standards and conformity assessment systems (or the national quality infrastructure) found in countries of the European Union and of the OECD. While in the latter group of countries the vast majority of national standards are of a voluntary nature and the national quality infrastructure operates as a highly-decentralized network of public and private institutions, the Ukrainian model emphasizes technical regulations (or mandatory standards) and is dominated by highly-centralized government institutions. Recent accession of Ukraine into WTO and commitment for integration into the European Union (EU) motivated an assessment of its national quality infrastructure (metrology, standards and conformity assessment). The importance of metrology and metrology policy development is discussed to support the regulatory environment. The paper discusses main findings of the assessment developed in cooperation between the World Bank and the IFC Ukraine Business Enabling Environment Project.
Analysis of Phase Distribution of Focused Light in High Numerical Aperture Systems
Authors: Normatov Alexander , Spektor Boris , Shamir Joseph
Published: June 2010

High numerical aperture focusing is becoming increasingly important for nanotechnology related applications. Rigorous, vector evaluation of the focused field, in such cases, is usually performed using the Richards-Wolf method which is based on the Debye approach. The resulting field is known to have a piecewise quasi planar phase. A corresponding result, produced by a Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral for aplanatic optical systems of medium and low numerical apertures, leads to the well known physical fact that a quadratic phase exists when the entrance pupil is not located at the front focal plane. Yet, the amplitudes produced in both ways are in a good agreement. In this work we investigated the difference, presented above, in a 2D system with the help of the Stratton-Chu diffraction integral. The amplitude obtained by the Stratton-Chu integral was quite similar to the classic results while the phase exhibited a quadratic behavior, with the quadratic coefficient depending on the numerical aperture of the optical system. For lower numerical apertures it approached the result obtained by the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral while for higher numerical apertures it was approaching the Richards-Wolf result. A mathematical expression for the quadratic coefficient was derived and verified for various values of numerical aperture.
Torsion Magnetic Variometer with Kevlar-Hanger-Based Sensor
Authors: Kopytenko Yuri A. , Sergushin Pavel A. , Petrishchev Maksim S. , Levanenko Valery А. , Zaytsev Dmitry B.
Published: June 2010

The construction and principle of operation of the torsion magnetic variometer are discussed, some specificities of magnetic sensor such as different variants of hanger systems, brace types and magnet proportions are shown.
Advantages in the Small-Angle Scattering of X-Ray for Studying Optoelectronic Devices within the Frames of ISTC Projects
Authors: Boiko Michael E. , Boiko Andrei M.
Published: June 2010

The project ISTC “SPECTROMETRIC POSITION SENSITIVE DETECTOR WITH BASE ENERGY SHIFT” is interesting for creation new area semiconductor detector device for EXAFS spectroscopy, for traditional X-ray diffractometry (XRD), as well as Small-Angle X-ray Scattering diffractometry (SASX). Diffractometry methods allow creating original features of position sensitive detector. Crystallography quality of silicon multi layer detector with original photo mask was examined by XRD and SAXS with ordinary scintillation detectors. Grazed incidence SAXS (GISAXS) provides information both about lateral and normal ordering of multilayers at a surface or inside a thin epitaxial film [1]. Using high-energy X-ray source (rotating anode or synchrotron radiation in future) and high adjustment monochromator SAXS rocking curves in transition and reflection mode had been received. It allows obtaining the information of 3D size lamellar or column-like domains. Results of an experimental investigation of the size layer structure are presented.