bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary and central nervous system infiltration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with concomitant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Batista Saulo F. D. , De Melo Karina V. , Horn Patricia , Lisboa Vinicius Da C. , Cypriano Ana Sheila , Pires Andrea , Ribeiro-Carvalho Marilza De M. , Santiago Fábio , De Souza Maria Helena F. O.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) andchronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) are lymphoproliferativediseases of B lymphocytes. Objective: To describe the concomitanceof diseases with pulmonary and CNS involvement.Clinical case: A 67-year-old patient with DLBCL and CLLobtained partial remission of the diseases after six cycles ofstandard combined chemotherapy. Relapse of CLL (del17p;TP53+) occurred after 22 months, becoming refractory to anew treatment. Monoclonal B lymphocyte infiltration wasfound in the cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage,leading to death due to respiratory failure. Conclusion: Theunfavorable outcome shows a rare and serious complicationin the concomitance of these diseases.
Basilar dolichoectasia with otorhinolaryngological symptoms: A case report
Authors: Stroke Tuani A. , Martins Ana Cristina C. , Silva Lucas A. L. T. , Artigoza Henrique José C. , Figueira Annelise O. A. B. , Mendes Fernando José M. , Hollanda Rafael
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Basilar dolicoectasis is an uncommon change,which makes the vessel tortuous and dilated, which can leadto ischemic, hemorrhagic or compressive changes. Objective:The present study is case report of a patient with basilar arterydolicoectasis and otorhinolaryngological symptoms. ClinicalCase: Patient, 53 years old, male, smoker, hypertensive, atrialfibrillation and gout, who after hospitalization due to strokesuffered a complaint of hearing loss, facial paralysis and dizziness.During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with basilarartery dolichoectasia. Conclusion: Basilar artery dolichoectasiais rare, the otorhinolaryngologist should be aware of vascularcauses when evaluating a patient with otoneurological symptoms.The treatment of basilar artery dolichoectasis remainscontroversial.
The effects of using virtual reality in the rehabilitation of stroke patients: Systematic review
Authors: Vidal Letícia De S. , De Oliveira Lilian Maria M. C. , Pereira Tassiane Maria A. , Silva Janaína De M.
Published: May 2021

Introdution: Stroke causes several alterations, the morefrequent are motor, physical and psychological. Since rehabilitationtakes time and can become monotonous, the useof virtual reality can act as a stimulating way to involve thepatient in the treatment, seeking to develop its functionality.Objective: The objective of this study was to verify in theavailable literature the effects of using virtual reality in thetreatment of the sequelae of the Stroke, to gain functionalityin the upper limbs. Methods: This literature review was basedon the PICO strategy, carried out in the databases Lílacs,Pubmed, Scielo and PEDro, using the keywords “physiotherapyAND virtual reality OR exergame OR exergaming ANDstroke AND upper limbs”. Complete articles were published inEnglish, Portuguese and Spanish, available and dated between2015 and 2020, excluding those that were review articles,incomplete and that did not address the topic. Results: As aresult, the search found 1,035 articles, of which only 14 metthe imposed criteria. Most studies have shown that the useof virtual reality through games has proved to be an efficientresource in the functional rehabilitation of patients withstroke. Presenting itself as a competent complementary tophysiotherapeutic treatment in improving fine motor skills,motor behavior of the limbs and cognitive performance,these gains directly influenced the gain in functionality ofthe samples. Conclusion: The use of virtual reality is useful toassist in the treatment and reduction of sequelae in the upperlimbs of patients with stroke, as it promotes greater functionalgain, range of motion and improves the dexterity of both themost and the least compromised hand.
Atividades Parentais na Família Monoparental Constituída pela Adoção
Authors: Biasutti Carolina Monteiro , Nascimento Célia Regina Rangel , Canal Cláudia Patrocinio Pedroza
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever como pais que passaram pelo processo de adoção monoparental desenvolvem, em sua rotina com os filhos, as atividades parentais de cuidado, controle e desenvolvimento. Foram entrevistados um pai e quatro mães, cuja monoparentalidade adotiva foi uma escolha pessoal. O instrumento utilizado para coleta foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. A organização dos dados foi realizada com o referencial da Análise Temática e foi fundamentada a partir do Modelo da Parentalidade proposto por Hoghughi. Os resultados foram distribuídos nos temas Cuidado físico, Cuidado emocional, Cuidado social, Controle e Desenvolvimento, que abarcam o grupo das Atividades Parentais. Observou-se que os participantes realizavam interações cotidianas de cuidado, com demonstrações de atenção e afeto para com as crianças, incentivando-as a alcançar seu potencial, buscando atividades complementares para o seu desenvolvimento, bem como estabelecendo regras e limites com a criança em suas práticas educativas parentais. A participação de familiares compôs expressiva rede de apoio nos cuidados com as crianças. Este estudo contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre as práticas parentais exercidas nas famílias monoparentais adotivas por opção, constatando que a parentalidade foi experienciada de forma positiva, constituindo-se numa prática promotora de desenvolvimento tanto para as crianças como para os pais.
DISCURSO, BIOPOLÍTICA E MODOS DE SUBJETIVAÇÃO DO IDOSO NA PANDEMIA
Authors: Silva Marluce Pereira , Tavares Edgley Freire
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, problematizamos em discursividades da pandemia da covid-19 a elaboração de subjetividades idosas como alvo de uma biopolítica. O percurso analítico partiu das teorizações foucaultianas sobre o discurso e o sujeito articulando pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do campo dos estudos da linguagem e de outras áreas das ciências sociais. Interrogando os mecanismos linguísticos, os jogos de memória e os efeitos de sentido que singularizam gestos de interpretação da pandemia que colocam os modos de subjetivação do idoso em posição referencial, objetivamos mostrar diferentes regimes de verdade e suas relações de saber e poder materializadas nos enunciados do acontecimento discursivo da pandemia.
Variação de Registro na Internet: Uma Análise Multidimensional (traduzido por Patrícia Pereira Bértoli e Simone Vieira Resende; revisado por Flávia Azeredo-Cerqueira)
Authors: Biber Douglas , Egbert Jesse
Published: May 2021

Grande parte das pesquisas linguísticas sobre a internet tem como base o estudo de características linguísticas específicas que ocorrem na linguagem da internet (por exemplo, o uso de emoticons, abreviaturas, contrações e acrônimos) e também os “novos” registros da internet, aqueles mais evidentes, como por exemplo, blogs, fóruns da Internet, mensagens instantâneas e tweets. A análise multidimensional (AMD) já foi utilizada para investigar registros da internet, principalmente na análise de características gramaticais fundamentais, como por exemplo, substantivos, verbos e preposições. Uma pesquisa de cunho multidimensional difere de forma teórica e metodológica da maioria das abordagens de pesquisa no campo da linguística na medida em que ela se constrói a partir da noção de coocorrência linguística, que defende a ideia de que as diferenças entre registros podem ser descritas de forma mais adequada quando consideramos os conjuntos de características linguísticas que possuem base funcional. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos multidimensionais já realizados anteriormente são semelhantes a outras pesquisas sobre os novos registros da internet, como por exemplo, blogs, posts do Facebook/Twitter e mensagens de e-mail. Estes são os registros que quase sempre associamos com a internet, e por isso faz sentido que eles sejam o foco da maioria das pesquisas já realizadas. No entanto, isso só mostra como sabemos pouco sobre a complexidade dos registros encontrados na web e os padrões de variação linguística entre eles. Este é o objetivo do presente estudo. Em vez de começar com o foco nos novos registros que são considerados interessantes por natureza, analisamos uma amostra representativa de toda a web. Os usuários finais codificaram as características situacionais e comunicativas de cada documento do corpus, levando a uma gama muito mais ampla de categorias de registro do que as utilizadas em qualquer outro estudo feito anteriormente: oito categorias gerais; várias categorias de registros híbridos; e vinte e sete categorias de registros específicos. Esta abordagem é capaz de gerar uma amostra muito mais inclusiva e diversificada de registros da web do que qualquer outro estudo já realizado em língua inglesa. O objetivo deste estudo é documentar os padrões de variação linguística que subjazem esses registros. Por meio da AMD, revelamos as dimensões da variação linguística da web e as semelhanças e diferenças entre os registros que compõem essas dimensões.
Pesquisas sobre Educação em Direitos Humanos na Amazônia amapaense
Authors: Andrade Jemina De Araujo Moraes , Queiroz Simões Helena Cristina Guimarães
Published: May 2021

Este estudo pretende analisar quais as tendências investigativas em matéria de Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH), nas pesquisas da Amazônia amapaense. Entende-se por EDH o processo multidimensional que busca desenvolver práticas sociais e individuais em defesa dos direitos humanos. No âmbito da educação superior, a EDH pode ocorrer, dentre outras formas, por meio da pesquisa, com potencial para orientar políticas públicas e valorizar o reconhecimento da pluralidade social. A pesquisa é documental, baseada nos projetos de pesquisa (2006 a 2018) de uma universidade pública federal. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, duas foram as categorias examinadas: a) gênero, mulheres e pessoas LGBT+; b) grupos raciais, étnicos e identitários. Os resultados revelaram expansão de pesquisas após 2013; maior interesse de docentes mulheres; e inclinação direcionada à área de ciências humanas. As principais tendências de registro voltaram-se para a população indígena. Houve menor opção de pesquisas com foco em pessoas LGBT+ e população ribeirinha.
Docência universitária: formação docente dos professores do curso de Comunicação Social e do PPGCOM da UFRR
Authors: Baptaglin Leila Adriana , Chierentin Santi Vilso Junior
Published: May 2021

A presente investigação objetiva discutir a formação docente realizada na construção da aprendizagem da docência dos professores que atuam nos cursos de bacharelado em Comunicação Social/Jornalismo (CCOS) e no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação (PPGCOM) da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR). Para isso, fizemos uma análise dos Currículos Lattese uma consulta via e-mail aos docentes indagando-os sobre as atividades realizadas durante o processo de sua formação, vinculadas à aprendizagem da docência. Esse conjunto de documentos foi investigado a partir da análise de conteúdo na qual foram acionadas três categorias: formação inicial acadêmica; pós-graduação; e, trajetórias formativas. O que fica evidente com a discussão dos dados é que, na medida em que os professores são formadores, também se formam e este processo exige uma postura colaborativa que se faz na prática da sala de aula, é uma conquista social, compartilhada. O processo de aprendizagem da docência coloca, portanto, o professor diante do desafio de se apropriar de estratégias capazes de favorecer o domínio dos conhecimentos específicos, articulando-os com a dimensão pedagógica, mesmo que para isso tenha que acionar experiências formativas outras que não necessariamente passem pela educação formal.
Desenvolvimento profissional docente e a formação do homo creare experimentalis
Authors: Rocha Carlos Jose Trindade da
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, objetiva-se demonstrar um processo viável de formação do sujeito criativo investigativo, no ensino e aprendizagem de ciências, sob a égide do desenvolvimento profissional docente. Para isso, implementaram-se fases de criatividade com uso de Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI) na experimentação investigativa. A metodologia foi norteada pela abordagem qualitativa, orientada por características que se mantêm ligadas a ideias e ações sociais de tendência emancipatória, ao mesmo tempo em que fundamenta e instrumentaliza a educação científica. As inferências de resultados apontam para demandas de formação ao homo creare experimentalis, ou seja, aquele sujeito que desenvolve processos de imaginação, com criatividade e autonomia, envolvendo a resolução de problemas propostos, em contornos de atividades investigativas. Além disso, nesta proposição formativa, possibilita-se exploração de ideias e previsões, elaborando planos de ações e experimentando o que se planeja, comunicando e socializando resultados com autonomia, permitindo, assim, atos criativos à ação de ensino e aprendizagem de professores e alunos.
Formação inicial na educação infantil: um estudo bibliográfico sobre as práticas dos professores
Authors: Nakata Natasha Yukari Schiavinato , Oliveira Marta Regina Furlan de , Paschoal Jaqueline Delgado
Published: May 2021

Partimos do pressuposto de que o professor precisa promover um ensino pautado em ações educativas à luz do desenvolvimento integral da criança. Entretanto, quando pensamos sobre o trabalho pedagógico dos professores que atuam na educação infantil, percebemos que há a existência de uma ambiguidade entre as ações que envolvem atividades de cuidados e educação. Nessa perspectiva, a problemática que guiou essa pesquisa foi: como atualmente está posta a formação dos professores que atuam na educação infantil, se considerarmos a forma como ela foi constituída? Buscando responder tal questionamento, esse artigo tem como objetivo principal refletir sobre a prática dos professores a partir da formação inicial na educação infantil. Para esta reflexão, optamos pela pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico à luz dos fundamentos da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, pautando-nos, principalmente, em Adorno (2001, 2003, 2010) e em autores como Cerisara (2002), Paschoal e Brandão (2015), Peroza e Martins (2016). A educação por si só não é um fator potencial da emancipação, contudo, ainda assim acreditamos na sua ascendência e, por este motivo, enfatizamos sobre a importância destes profissionais compreenderem o papel educativo que exercem e representam nas instituições formativas de ensino, mais especificamente, na educação infantil.
Práticas docentes inovadoras: caminhando na incerteza momentânea entre o status quo e a ousadia
Authors: Mattos Sandra Maria Nascimento de , Mattos José Roberto Linhares de
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar práticas docentes inovadoras que transgridem o status quo como maneiras de propiciar o ensino remoto híbrido, favorecendo a aprendizagem e possibilitando nenhum estudante a menos nesse novo fazer aulas em época de pandemia. Essas práticas inovadoras envolvem o encontro cultural com suas variadas possibilidades para promover o ensino e a aprendizagem significativa dos estudantes. Na atual realidade brasileira, em que se acirram as distorções socioeconômicas e culturais, é urgente caminhar pela decolonialidade como aspecto para a insurgência, resistência e reexistência. O caminho teórico teve base nos estudos sobre práticas decoloniais de Mattos (2020a, 2020b), Mattos e Mattos (2019) e decolonialidade na visão de Walsh (2013, 2017), bem como o conceito de ensino remoto de Valente (2014) e Motin et al. (2020) e híbrido de Moran (2013) e Bacich e Moran (2015). A pesquisa está baseada em relatos de experiências que contribuem com a discussão sobre o ensino remoto híbrido, revelando enfrentamentos e dificuldades, coletados em memorial descritivo, elaborados por professores de diferentes áreas, no resgate das experiências com esse tipo de ensino. A conclusão direciona para práticas docentes decoloniais como um dos caminhos para modificar o status quo, ousando por práticas inovadoras emergenciais. Aponta, ainda, que nem todas as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no ensino remoto híbrido são exitosas, mas são percursos de incerteza e de superação.
As Metodologias Ativas como potencializadoras do Sistema Atencional: do presencial ao remoto usando Design Thinking
Authors: Gobbo Bombana Cheila Graciela , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro
Published: May 2021

Este estudo apresenta a análise das manifestações das funções do Sistema Atencional em estudantes de ensino médio integrado do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul diante de processos educativos baseados em Metodologias Ativas de Aprendizagem em um contexto de ensino remoto. Desenvolveu-se estudo aplicado, qualitativo e exploratório, tendo como principais referências Pozo (2008) e Bacich e Moran (2018). A pesquisa empírica realizou-se por meio de Intervenção Pedagógica usando os instrumentos: observação, questionário e grupo focal, adaptada do formato presencial para o remoto devido a pandemia de COVID-19. Os resultados mostram considerável ativação das funções do Sistema Atencional dos estudantes mediante o uso das Metodologias Ativas de Aprendizagem Sala de aula Invertida e Design Thinking. A maior influência percebida foi sobre a função do Sistema Atencional Seleção, seguida das funções de Controle e Vigilância. De forma periférica ao foco do estudo foi possível observar a potência de tais metodologias para contextos remotos de ensino. Espera-se que estes resultados impulsionem novas investigações sobre as Metodologias Ativas como estratégias didáticas que estimulem a atenção e favoreçam o aprendizado crítico e reflexivo, mostrando-as como poderosa alternativa neste cenário educacional cada vez mais desafiador.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: May 2021

n/a
Will the NHS ever get its complaints system right?
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2021

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses several reports relating to NHS complaint handling
Do not attempt resuscitation decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2021

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses concerns raised by the Care Quality Commission about the imposition of do not resuscitate orders on some patients during the pandemic
Fiddly Fives: Management of Impacted Second Premolars
Authors: Hameed Othman , Crawford Elizabeth , Taylor Nigel G
Published: May 2021

Second premolars are the third most likely teeth to be affected by impaction after third molar and maxillary canine teeth. Although the presence of an impacted second premolar is relatively common, and is a situation that often presents to general dentists in practice, there is relatively little published regarding this topic. Knowledge of this condition is essential for all those involved with the management of these cases. This article explores the aetiology, assessment and treatment options available to manage this condition, using examples from cases treated within our department.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the aetiology, assessment and various treatment options available to manage impacted second premolars will inform better treatment planning.
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: Reappraisal and Case Report
Authors: Dhanrajani Parmanand
Published: May 2021

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumours summarizes changes in odontogenic and maxillofacial tumours and reintroduces a chapter on odontogenic cysts that reclassifies calcifying odontogenic cystic tumours as calcifying odontogenic cysts based on lack of evidence to substantiate them as true neoplasms. This article presents an unusual case report of a calcifying odontogenic cyst treated successfully with enucleation in support of the view of recent classification.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Calcifying odontogenic cysts are rare entities that can be managed successfully by enucleation, supporting the WHO position that these cysts are not neoplasms.
Fibrous Dysplasia: Dental and Orthodontic Implications
Authors: Ali Hesham , Ali Awais , Malik Ovais
Published: May 2021

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign condition characterized by replacement of bone by a fibro-osseous tissue. This article describes the aetiology, diagnosis and classification of the condition. We discuss the clinical presentation of fibrous dysplasia along with its craniofacial effects. The presentation of fibrous dysplasia in the dental setting is described, along with specific implications for dental and orthodontic management of these patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Given the wide array of conditions that can present to GDPs, it is important to be aware of fibrous dysplasia as a possible cause of some signs and symptoms. The presentation, diagnosis and dental management of this group of patients is presented from a clinical perspective.
A (RE)PRODUÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS URBANOS BRASILEIROS NOS ESTUDOS ORGANIZACIONAIS: QUE CIDADE É ESSA?
Authors: Gomes Romulo , Cardoso Sâmela Pedrada , Domingues Fabiana Florio
Published: May 2021

Utilizamos a revisão sistemática de literatura para discutir a (re)produção das cidades nos estudos organizacionais nacionais a partir da produção científica sobre os usos dos espaços urbanos no Brasil. Buscamos estudos que utilizam a compreensão da cidade como uma organização social e espacial, partindo de práticas organizativas que constituem a urbe. Para isso, realizamos uma ampla pesquisa nas publicações da Administração dos últimos 16 anos com as palavras: Cidade(s),  Espaço(s) Urbano(s) e Prática (s) Urbana (s). Os resultados indicam que a cidade é (re) produzida nos Estudos Organizacionais de forma heterogênea e múltipla, relacionada às práticas organizativas engendradas com questões identitárias de grupos sociais e comunidades, onde as diferentes formas de sociabilidades manifestadas são centrais para entendimentos situados em apropriações e resistências que os citadinos praticam nos espaços urbanos. Em termos conceituais, os resultados mostram práticas materiais, por isso corporificadas e fornecem pistas para problematizarmos acerca da invisibilidade de corpos nos estudos, que consideramos uma presença ausente. Procuramos trazer reflexões acerca da democratização do espaço urbano público ou privado, já que a cidade brasileira expõe práticas de desigualdade, segregação social, preconceito, racismo, resistência, diversidade e amizade, e ainda sim, segue sem considerar a materialidade de corpos como elemento relevante como visto nos trabalhos pesquisados.
Results and Elasticity of Gamification in Training and Development Processes
Authors: Santos Siméia Azevedo , Trevisan Leonardo Nelmi , Veloso Elza Fatima Rosa
Published: May 2021

Gamification is the use of games elements in different contexts out of the games. It is a tool with potential application in several areas in management, like marketing and human resources, including training and development. Departing from this reference, this study has objective to identify the perception of efficiency and the measurable results in the gamification processes in training and development in a sample of the Brazilian market. This research is divided into two samples. The quantitative sample investigated the perception of efficiency of the professionals who already participated in the gamified training, the information was collected through an online form with Likert scale responses and treated with Minitab statistical software. The other sample was qualitative and sought to identify the perception of the professionals who developed the gamified training, and the results were submitted to the content analysis technique. The compiled results confirmed the presence of engagement and its influence on motivation as one of the advantage points for the application of gamification in training. It was also possible to find in these results the relevance of the design for the game / training interaction to work effectively. Among the trends of higher incidence found in this research are the possibility of associating gamification with virtual reality and augmented reality to enhance the experience lived by the player during training. As a secondary’s incidents, but also relevant and congruent with market trends, are the incidents of concision with relevance, interaction, applicability and the digital trail, items present in the concept of learning in micro-moments.
Sensitivity Analysis of Quality of B-spline Parameterization on Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Gondegaon Sangamesh , Voruganti Hari Kumar
Published: May 2021

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is a mesh free technique which make use of B-spline basis functions for geometry and field variable representation. Parameterization of B-spline for IGA is the counterpart of meshing as in finite element method (FEM). The objective of parameterization is to find the optimum set of control points for B-spline modelling. The position of control points of a B-spline model has huge effect on IGA results. In this work, the effect of B-spline parameterization on IGA result is presented. One dimensional case of bar with self-weight is solved and compared with exact analytical solution. First fundamental matrix is used as evaluation metric to check the quality of parameterization for 2-D domains. A heat conduction problem of a square domain is presented to study the parameterization effect for 2-D case.
Morphology-dependent resonances in laser-induced fluorescence images of micrometric gasoline/ethanol droplets utilizing the dye nile red
Authors: Koegl Matthias , Dai Hongfei , Qomi Mohammad Pahlevani , Bauer Florian , Eppinger Bernd , Zigan Lars
Published: May 2021

The present study deals with the solvent-dependent morphology-dependent resonances (MDR) in the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal of monodisperse gasoline droplets (30 µm–60 µm) generated with a droplet generator. To investigate the influence of an ethanol addition to gasoline and the respective LIF signal of the dye nile red dissolved in these fuel blends, a reference gasoline fuel is blended with various ethanol concentrations from E0 (gasoline) to E100 (pure ethanol). A spectral fluorescence characterization of the investigated fuel mixtures at various concentrations is carried out in a micro cell in order to identify the dye and ethanol concentration influence of the respective fuel mixtures. The absorption and emission spectra of the fuel mixtures show a Stokes shift with increasing ethanol concentration towards larger wavelengths. The coefficient of variation (COV) of the fluorescence signals of spherical droplets was utilized to characterize the MDR effects within the droplet LIF images. The investigations revealed an increase of MDR contribution in terms of the COV of LIF signals with larger droplet diameters. For small droplets, no monotonic trend was found for contribution of MDR in the LIF signal as a function of the ethanol concentration. For larger droplets (e.g., 50 µm–60 µm), a lower contribution of MDR in LIF signals was observed with increasing ethanol content. For E80 and most of the studied ethanol blends, the normalized integrated COV values exhibited maxima at certain droplet sizes (40 µm, 47.5 µm, and 55 µm), which indicate the presence of distinct MDR effects.
Recognition and detection of aero-engine blade damage based on Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN
Authors: He Weifeng , Li Caizhi , Nie Xiangfan , Wei Xiaolong , Li Yiwen , Li Yuqin , Luo Sihai
Published: May 2021

Aero-engine blades are an integral part of the aero-engine, and the integrity of these blades affects the flight performance and safety performance of an aircraft. The traditional manual detection method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient. Hence, it is particularly important to use intelligent detection methods to detect and identify damage. In order to quickly and accurately identify the damage of the aero-engine blades, the present study proposes a network based on the Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN network—to establish the damage related to the aero-engine blades and detection models. The model can identify the damage type and locate and segment the area of damage. Furthermore, the accuracy rate can reach up to 98.81%, the Bbox-mAP is 78.7%, and the Segm-mAP is 77.4%. In comparing the Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN network with the YOLOv4, Cascade R-CNN, Res2Net, and Cascade Mask R-CNN networks, the results revealed that the network used in the present is excellent and effective.
Enhancement in photocurrent by dual-interface period-mismatched rotating rectangle grating-based c-Si solar cells
Authors: Chen Ke , Wu Sheng , Yu Yingchun , Zheng Nianhong , Wu Rui , Zheng Hongmei
Published: May 2021

A dual-interface period-mismatched rotating rectangular grating structure was designed for crystalline silicon thin film solar cells. The relevant parameters of the grating structures were optimized, and the absorption enhancement mechanisms were also explained by optoelectronic simulation analysis. The numerical results show that the rotating rectangular structure can improve the light-trapping performance by coupling light into the c-Si film to excite the waveguide mode and localized surface plasmon resonances. Moreover, it is found that the light-trapping effect of the rear grating rotating structure is better than that of the front grating rotating structure, because the rear interface can better excite localized surface plasmon resonances. The photocurrent density of the dual-interface period-mismatched rotating rectangular grating structure is increased to

18.01

m
A

/

c
m

2

, which is 76.05% higher than that of the planar 300 nm thick c-Si structure. The research results provide general guidance for the design of grating structures for thin-film solar cells.
Design and fabrication of a metallic irregular F–P filter array for a miniature spectrometer
Authors: Liu Congcong , Sun Zhijun
Published: May 2021

Here we report our study on methods proposed for the design and fabrication of a metallic irregular Fabry–Perot (F–P) filter array for a miniature spectrometer to improve its performance and convenience in implementation. The method in designing suggests including both types of unit-cell filters that have broader single passband peaks of lower-order resonance modes and narrower multiple passband peaks of higher-order resonance modes in the F–P filter array for improved performance in reconstructive measurement of a spectrum with both finer and broader features in a wide spectral range. The fabrication method suggests using fewer film-deposition steps to form a larger number of different film thicknesses for the interspacing dielectric layers in the arrayed F–P filters. The processes involve inexpensive facilities and low-resolution patterning techniques in defining the unit cells of the filter array and can be conveniently fabricated using standard planar processing technologies. Resonant transmission spectrum profiles and passband peak positions of unit-cell filters are irregularly distributed in as-designed and -fabricated filter arrays. Based on the route of acquiring spectrum via computational reconstruction, such irregularities can facilitate designing and fabrication of F–P-type filter arrays for miniature spectrometers to achieve both high performance and low cost.
Optical spanner for nanoparticle rotation with focused optical vortex generated through a Pancharatnam–Berry phase metalens
Authors: Shen Zhe , Xiang Zhiyuan , Wang Ziyao , Shen Yaochun , Zhang Baifu
Published: May 2021

Based on the focused optical vortex (OV) generated by a metalens, we studied the physical mechanism for optical manipulation of metal (Ag) nanoparticles in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) field. We found that metal nanoparticles can be stably trapped inside the OV ring and rotated by the azimuthal driving force originating from OAM transfer. The azimuthal force and rotation speed are directly and inversely proportional to the particle size, respectively. The torque for the same particle at the OV ring increases with the increase of the topological charge of the metalens. Considering the same topological charge, the radius of the OV ring or the range of the optical spanner has a positive correlation with the focal length. These kinds of optical tweezers by vortex metalenses can be used as an optical spanner or micro-rotor for lab-on-chip applications.
Dual-regulated broadband terahertz absorber based on vanadium dioxide and graphene
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Zhang Heng , Ling Fang , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2021

A tunable broadband terahertz (THz) absorber based on vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) and graphene is proposed. The absorber, consisting of the

V
O

2

square loop, polymethacrylimide (PMI) dielectric layer, and a layer of unpatterned graphene, can achieve absorption over 90% from 1.04 THz to 5.51 THz and relative bandwidth of up to 136.5% under normal incidence. Its absorption bandwidth and absorption peak can be adjusted by changing the conductivity of

V
O

2

or the chemical potential of graphene. The physical mechanism of the absorber is analyzed in detail by the use of the impedance matching theory and the electric field distributions of the

V
O

2

layer and graphene layer. The proposed absorber, with polarization insensitivity and incidence angle of 30° for both TE and TM polarizations, may have potential applications in tunable sensors, modulators, and imaging.
Analysis of THz generation using the tilted-pulse-front geometry in the limit of small pulse energies and beam sizes
Authors: Wulf Frank , Hoffmann Martin , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: May 2021

Optical rectification in lithium niobate using the tilted-pulse-front geometry is one of the most commonly used techniques for efficient generation of energetic single-cycle THz pulses and the details of this generation scheme are well understood for high pulse energy driving lasers, such as mJ-class, kHz-repetition rate Ti:Sa amplifier systems. However, as modern Yb-based laser systems with ever increasing repetition rate become available, other excitation regimes become relevant. In particular, the use of more moderate pulse energies (in the few µJ to multi-10 µJ regime), available nowadays by laser systems with MHz repetition rates, have never been thoroughly explored. As increasing the repetition rate of THz sources for spectroscopy becomes more relevant in the community, we present a thorough numerical analysis of this regime using a 2+1-D numerical model. Our work allows us to confirm experimental trends observed in this unusual excitation regime and shows that the conversion efficiency is naturally limited by the small pump beam sizes as a consequence of spatial walk-off between the pump and THz beams. Based on our findings, we discuss strategies to overcome the current limitations, which will pave the way for powerful THz sources approaching the watt level with multi-MHz repetition rates.
Identification of Rayleigh fading induced phase artifacts in coherent differential ϕ-OTDR
Authors: Dorize Christian , Guerrier Sterenn , Awwad Elie , Renaudier Jérémie
Published: May 2021

Differential phase optical time-domain reflectometry is subject to Rayleigh fading, which locally impedes proper phase extraction. We introduce in this Letter a reliability metric derived from the measured Jones matrix estimates of the fiber sensor to discriminate between true perturbations and false alarms caused by Rayleigh backscatter fading points. The proposed soft-decision metric is also of interest for further post-processing stages exploiting artificial intelligence based classifiers.
Ultrabroadband microwave absorber based on 3D water microchannels
Authors: Chen Yan , Chen Kejian , Zhang Dajun , Li Shihao , Xu Yeli , Wang Xiong , Zhuang Songlin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an ultrathin and ultrabroadband metamaterial absorber based on 3D water microchannels is proposed. The experimental results show an absorption rate over 90% and a relative bandwidth up to 165% in the frequency band between 9.6 and 98.9 GHz. This polarization-independent absorber can work at a wide angle of incidence and exhibits good thermal stability. Benefiting from ultrabroadband absorption, thin thickness, low cost, and environmentally friendly materials, the proposed metamaterial absorber can be used in the fields of electromagnetic wave stealth and electromagnetic radiation protection. Related device design and research methods can be extended to the applied research in the terahertz and optical bands.
Directly accessing octave-spanning dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in an AlN microresonator
Authors: Weng Haizhong , Liu Jia , Afridi Adnan Ali , Li Jing , Dai Jiangnan , Ma Xiang , Zhang Yi , Lu Qiaoyin , Donegan John F. , Guo Weihua
Published: May 2021

Self-referenced dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) based on optical microresonators offer prominent characteristics allowing for various applications from precision measurement to astronomical spectrometer calibration. To date, direct octave-spanning DKS generation has been achieved only in ultrahigh-Q silicon nitride microresonators under optimized laser tuning speed or bi-directional tuning. Here we propose a simple method to easily access the octave-spanning DKS in an aluminum nitride (AlN) microresonator. In the design, two modes that belong to different families but with the same polarization are nearly degenerate and act as a pump and an auxiliary resonance, respectively. The presence of the auxiliary resonance can balance the thermal dragging effect, crucially simplifying the DKS generation with a single pump and leading to an enhanced soliton access window. We experimentally demonstrate the long-lived DKS operation with a record single-soliton step (10.4 GHz or 83 pm) and an octave-spanning bandwidth (1100–2300 nm) through adiabatic pump tuning. Our scheme also allows for direct creation of the DKS state with high probability and without elaborate wavelength or power schemes being required to stabilize the soliton behavior.
Cryptic surface-associated multicellularity emerges through cell adhesion and its regulation
Authors: van Gestel Jordi , Wagner Andreas
Published: May 2021

The repeated evolution of multicellularity led to a wide diversity of organisms, many of which are sessile, including land plants, many fungi, and colonial animals. Sessile organisms adhere to a surface for most of their lives, where they grow and compete for space. Despite the prevalence of surface-associated multicellularity, little is known about its evolutionary origin. Here, we introduce a novel theoretical approach, based on spatial lineage tracking of cells, to study this origin. We show that multicellularity can rapidly evolve from two widespread cellular properties: cell adhesion and the regulatory control of adhesion. By evolving adhesion, cells attach to a surface, where they spontaneously give rise to primitive cell collectives that differ in size, life span, and mode of propagation. Selection in favor of large collectives increases the fraction of adhesive cells until a surface becomes fully occupied. Through kin recognition, collectives then evolve a central-peripheral polarity in cell adhesion that supports a division of labor between cells and profoundly impacts growth. Despite this spatial organization, nascent collectives remain cryptic, lack well-defined boundaries, and would require experimental lineage tracking technologies for their identification. Our results suggest that cryptic multicellularity could readily evolve and originate well before multicellular individuals become morphologically evident.
Ten steps to investigate a cellular system with mathematical modeling
Authors: King Jasia , Eroumé Kerbaï Saïd , Truckenmüller Roman , Giselbrecht Stefan , Cowan Ann E. , Loew Leslie , Carlier Aurélie
Published: May 2021

Cellular and intracellular processes are inherently complex due to the large number of components and interactions, which are often nonlinear and occur at different spatiotemporal scales. Because of this complexity, mathematical modeling is increasingly used to simulate such systems and perform experiments in silico, many orders of magnitude faster than real experiments and often at a higher spatiotemporal resolution. In this article, we will focus on the generic modeling process and illustrate it with an example model of membrane lipid turnover.
A constructivist-based proposal for bioinformatics teaching practices during lockdown
Authors: Gallardo-Alba Cristóbal , Grüning Björn , Serrano-Solano Beatriz
Published: May 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks have caused universities all across the globe to close their campuses and forced them to initiate online teaching. This article reviews the pedagogical foundations for developing effective distance education practices, starting from the assumption that promoting autonomous thinking is an essential element to guarantee full citizenship in a democracy and for moral decision-making in situations of rapid change, which has become a pressing need in the context of a pandemic. In addition, the main obstacles related to this new context are identified, and solutions are proposed according to the existing bibliography in learning sciences.
Fostering accessible online education using Galaxy as an e-learning platform
Authors: Serrano-Solano Beatriz , Föll Melanie C. , Gallardo-Alba Cristóbal , Erxleben Anika , Rasche Helena , Hiltemann Saskia , Fahrner Matthias , Dunning Mark J. , Schulz Marcel H. , Scholtz Beáta , Clements Dave , Nekrutenko Anton , Batut Bérénice , Grüning Björn A.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is shifting teaching to an online setting all over the world. The Galaxy framework facilitates the online learning process and makes it accessible by providing a library of high-quality community-curated training materials, enabling easy access to data and tools, and facilitates sharing achievements and progress between students and instructors. By combining Galaxy with robust communication channels, effective instruction can be designed inclusively, regardless of the students’ environments.
Global importance analysis: An interpretability method to quantify importance of genomic features in deep neural networks
Authors: Koo Peter K. , Majdandzic Antonio , Ploenzke Matthew , Anand Praveen , Paul Steffan B.
Published: May 2021

Deep neural networks have demonstrated improved performance at predicting the sequence specificities of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins compared to previous methods that rely on k-mers and position weight matrices. To gain insights into why a DNN makes a given prediction, model interpretability methods, such as attribution methods, can be employed to identify motif-like representations along a given sequence. Because explanations are given on an individual sequence basis and can vary substantially across sequences, deducing generalizable trends across the dataset and quantifying their effect size remains a challenge. Here we introduce global importance analysis (GIA), a model interpretability method that quantifies the population-level effect size that putative patterns have on model predictions. GIA provides an avenue to quantitatively test hypotheses of putative patterns and their interactions with other patterns, as well as map out specific functions the network has learned. As a case study, we demonstrate the utility of GIA on the computational task of predicting RNA-protein interactions from sequence. We first introduce a convolutional network, we call ResidualBind, and benchmark its performance against previous methods on RNAcompete data. Using GIA, we then demonstrate that in addition to sequence motifs, ResidualBind learns a model that considers the number of motifs, their spacing, and sequence context, such as RNA secondary structure and GC-bias.
Can molecular dynamics simulations improve the structural accuracy and virtual screening performance of GPCR models?
Authors: Kapla Jon , Rodríguez-Espigares Ismael , Ballante Flavio , Selent Jana , Carlsson Jens
Published: May 2021

The determination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures at atomic resolution has improved understanding of cellular signaling and will accelerate the development of new drug candidates. However, experimental structures still remain unavailable for a majority of the GPCR family. GPCR structures and their interactions with ligands can also be modelled computationally, but such predictions have limited accuracy. In this work, we explored if molecular dynamics (MD) simulations could be used to refine the accuracy ofin silicomodels of receptor-ligand complexes that were submitted to a community-wide assessment of GPCR structure prediction (GPCR Dock). Two simulation protocols were used to refine 30 models of the D3dopamine receptor (D3R) in complex with an antagonist. Close to 60 μs of simulation time was generated and the resulting MD refined models were compared to a D3R crystal structure. In the MD simulations, the receptor models generally drifted further away from the crystal structure conformation. However, MD refinement was able to improve the accuracy of the ligand binding mode. The best refinement protocol improved agreement with the experimentally observed ligand binding mode for a majority of the models. Receptor structures with improved virtual screening performance, which was assessed by molecular docking of ligands and decoys, could also be identified among the MD refined models. Application of weak restraints to the transmembrane helixes in the MD simulations further improved predictions of the ligand binding mode and second extracellular loop. These results provide guidelines for application of MD refinement in prediction of GPCR-ligand complexes and directions for further method development.
Allosteric MAPKAPK2 inhibitors improve plaque stability in advanced atherosclerosis
Authors: Ozcan Lale , Kasikara Canan , Yurdagul Arif , Kuriakose George , Hubbard Brian , Serrano-Wu Michael H. , Tabas Ira
Published: May 2021

Atherosclerotic vascular disease resulting from unstable plaques is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and thus a major therapeutic goal is to discover T2D drugs that can also promote atherosclerotic plaque stability. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2) in obese mice improves glucose homeostasis and enhances insulin sensitivity. We developed two novel orally active small-molecule inhibitors of MK2, TBX-1 and TBX-2, and tested their effects on metabolism and atherosclerosis in high-fat Western diet (WD)-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Ldlr-/- mice were first fed the WD to allow atherosclerotic lesions to become established, and the mice were then treated with TBX-1 or TBX-2. Both compounds improved glucose metabolism and lowered plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, without an effect on body weight. Most importantly, the compounds decreased lesion area, lessened plaque necrosis, and increased fibrous cap thickness in the aortic root lesions of the mice. Thus, in a preclinical model of high-fat feeding and established atherosclerosis, MK2 inhibitors improved metabolism and also enhanced atherosclerotic plaque stability, suggesting potential for further clinical development to address the epidemic of T2D associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease.