bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yellow Dyes of Historical Importance: A Handful of Weld Yellows from the 18th-Century Recipe Books of French Master Dyers Antoine Janot and Paul Gout
Authors: Santo Mara , Cardon Dominique , Teixeira Natércia , Nabais Paula
Published: November 2023

Antoine Janot and Paul Gout were 18th-century master dyers who specialised in the piece-dyeing of fine wool broadcloths manufactured in Languedoc (southern France) for exportation to the Levant. They wrote treatises, similarly entitled Mémoires de Teinture (Memoirs on Dyeing), illustrated with dozens of dyed textile samples. Janot’s is dated 1744, and Gout’s is dated 1763. These books are full of extremely valuable information, which is unique to its time: the books are composed of carefully described recipes for every colour, each originally preceded by a sample swatch. The yellows of both master dyers made from weld (Reseda luteola L.), belonging to recipes described as Jaune (yellow), were reproduced. The influence of the ingredients, in both the mordanting and dyeing baths, was assessed, and the timings for both baths, which in many recipes are not clear, were tested. This provided key knowledge on the technological processes for dyeing with weld from these 18th c. French masters. The resulting reference samples were preliminarily analysed by a multi-analytical approach. Their chromatic specifications, expressed in the CIEL*a*b*, were compared with those in the Mémoires. Moreover, the influence of the recipe on the percentages of the chromophores was assessed by HPLC-DAD. It was found that the bran and tartar in the mordanting bath influence the final obtained colour and that lime is essential to obtain a bright yellow.
Seamen’s Guilds, Labor Organizations and Social Protest in Northern Iberia in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Solórzano-Telechea Jesús Ángel
Published: November 2023

Craft guilds have been at the core of important historiographical debates on the economic, social and political history of medieval cities for twenty years. The aim of this article is to examine the seamen’s guilds in the town ports of the Northern Peninsula in the Late Middle Ages. This study analyzes fundamental aspects of the social assistance, labor organization and social identity of the town ports, which were located on the maritime border of the Kingdom of Castile. In contrast to the more classic view of the craft guilds as protectionist institutions, which only served the interests of a privileged group of masters, this analysis highlights the contribution of the seamen’s craft guilds to the organization of labor at sea, the training of sea workers, the ability to negotiate with merchants and avoid labor exploitation, the provision of social assistance to the most vulnerable population, and the ability to lead the social protest for the guilders’ representation in the urban government. In summary, it is concluded that the seafarers’ guilds were constituted as networks of mutual help between individuals in the labor, welfare and political spheres of the population of the town ports of northern Iberia in the Late Middle Ages.
Impact of Gibberellic Acid on Water Status, Growth, and Development of Cape Gooseberry in Newly Reclaimed Sandy Lands within Arid Regions
Authors: El-Tohamy Wael A. , Dasgan Hayriye Yildiz , Gruda Nazim S.
Published: November 2023

In newly reclaimed sandy lands, plants face substantial environmental challenges, affecting their productivity, yield, and quality. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth regulator physiologically involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses. As agricultural activities expand in desert regions, applications of GA3 could help address adverse plant growth and developmental effects. Here, we investigated the impact of exogenously applied GA3 on the growth of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in newly reclaimed sandy lands in the arid Nubaria region of the West Delta of Nile, Egypt. Different GA3 concentrations of 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm were foliar-applied to the plants. The application of GA3 in our study significantly improved the vegetative growth, plant height, leaf and branch count, and the fresh weight and yield of Cape gooseberry plants. Fruit weight, quality soluble solids, and leaf chlorophyll content were also improved. The most pronounced effects were achieved with concentrations of GA3 at 200 and 250 ppm, with the 200-ppm concentration displaying superiority in most parameters. Notably, GA3 treatments enhanced relative water content (RWC), an indicator of water status in arid conditions. Maintaining optimal RWC is crucial for essential processes like photosynthesis, promoting growth, and productivity. This research underscores GA3’s potential in enhancing Cape gooseberry growth, yield, and quality, providing a practical strategy for mitigating environmental challenges in arid regions, a concern exacerbated by climate change.
Isolation, Purification, and Application of Protoplasts and Transient Expression Systems in Plants
Authors: Chen Kebin , Chen Jiali , Pi Xin , Huang Li-Jun , Li Ning
Published: November 2023

Protoplasts, derived from plant cells, exhibit remarkable totipotency and hold significant value across a wide spectrum of biological and biotechnological applications. These versatile applications encompass protein subcellular localization and interaction analysis, gene expression regulation, functional characterization, gene editing techniques, and single-cell sequencing. Protoplasts’ usability stems from their inherent accessibility and their ability to efficiently incorporate exogenous genes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview, including details on isolation procedures and influencing factors, purification and viability assessment methodologies, and the utilization of the protoplast transient expression system. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and offer valuable insights into protoplast isolation and the establishment of transient expression systems in a diverse range of plant species, thereby serving as a valuable resource for the plant science community.
Development of an SPRi Test for the Quantitative Detection of Cadherin 12 in Human Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid
Authors: Oldak Lukasz , Lukaszewski Zenon , Leśniewska Anna , Goławski Ksawery , Laudański Piotr , Gorodkiewicz Ewa
Published: November 2023

A new method for the determination of cadherin 12 (CDH12)—an adhesive protein that has a significant impact on the development, growth, and movement of cancer cells—was developed and validated. The method is based on a biosensor using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) detection. A quartz crystal microbalance was used to analyze the characteristics of the formation of successive layers of the biosensor, from the linker monolayer to the final capture of CDH12 from solution. The association equilibrium constant (KA = 1.66 × 1011 dm3 mol−1) and the dissociation equilibrium constant (KD = 7.52 × 10−12 mol dm−3) of the anti-CDH12 antibody–CDH12 protein complex were determined. The determined analytical parameters, namely the values determining the accuracy, precision, and repeatability of the method, do not exceed the permissible 20% deviations specified by the aforementioned institutions. The proposed method is also selective with respect to possible potential interferents, occurring in up to 100-fold excess concentration relative to the CDH12 concentration. The determined Limit of Quantification (LOQ = 4.92 pg mL−1) indicates the possibility of performing quantitative analysis in human plasma or peritoneal fluid without the need to concentrate the samples; however, particular attention should be paid to their storage conditions, as the analyte does not exhibit high stability. The Passing–Bablok regression model revealed good agreement between the reference method and the SPRi biosensor, with ρSpearman values of 0.961 and 0.925.
Biological Impact of Organic Extracts from Urban-Air Particulate Matter: An In Vitro Study of Cytotoxic and Metabolic Effects in Lung Cells
Authors: Silva Tatiana D. , Alves Célia , Oliveira Helena , Duarte Iola F.
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with diameters below 10 µm (PM10) may enter the lungs through inhalation and are linked to various negative health consequences. Emergent evidence emphasizes the significance of cell metabolism as a sensitive target of PM exposure. However, the current understanding of the relationship between PM composition, conventional toxicity measures, and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic processes remains limited. In this work, PM10 sampled at a residential area (urban background, UB) and a traffic-impacted location (roadside, RS) of a Portuguese city was comprehensively characterized in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and plasticizers. Epithelial lung cells (A549) were then exposed for 72 h to PM10 organic extracts and different biological outcomes were assessed. UB and RS PM10 extracts dose-dependently decreased cell viability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and modulated the intracellular metabolic profile. Interestingly, the RS sample, richer in particularly toxic PAHs and plasticizers, had a greater metabolic impact than the UB extract. Changes comprised significant increases in glutathione, reflecting activation of antioxidant defences to counterbalance ROS production, together with increases in lactate, NAD+, and ATP, which suggest stimulation of glycolytic energy production, possibly to compensate for reduced mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, a number of other metabolic variations hinted at changes in membrane turnover and TCA cycle dynamics, which represent novel clues on potential PM10 biological effects.
Cerebrospinal and Blood Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Did Mild Cognitive Impairment Definition Affect Their Clinical Usefulness?
Authors: Bivona Giulia , Iemmolo Matilda , Ghersi Giulio
Published: November 2023

Despite Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) being known from the times of Alois Alzheimer, who lived more than one century ago, many aspects of the disease are still obscure, including the pathogenesis, the clinical spectrum definition, and the therapeutic approach. Well-established biomarkers for AD come from the histopathological hallmarks of the disease, which are Aβ and phosphorylated Tau protein aggregates. Consistently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau level measurements are currently used to detect AD presence. However, two central biases affect these biomarkers. Firstly, incomplete knowledge of the pathogenesis of diseases legitimates the search for novel molecules that, reasonably, could be expressed by neurons and microglia and could be detected in blood simpler and earlier than the classical markers and in a higher amount. Further, studies have been performed to evaluate whether CSF biomarkers can predict AD onset in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. However, the MCI definition has changed over time. Hence, the studies on MCI patients seem to be biased at the beginning due to the imprecise enrollment and heterogeneous composition of the miscellaneous MCI subgroup. Plasma biomarkers and novel candidate molecules, such as microglia biomarkers, have been tentatively investigated and could represent valuable targets for diagnosing and monitoring AD. Also, novel AD markers are urgently needed to identify molecular targets for treatment strategies. This review article summarizes the main CSF and blood AD biomarkers, underpins their advantages and flaws, and mentions novel molecules that can be used as potential biomarkers for AD.
Multi-Organ Increase in Norepinephrine Levels after Central Leptin Administration and Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Fernandois Daniela , Vázquez María Jesús , Barroso Alexia , Paredes Alfonso H. , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Cruz Gonzalo
Published: November 2023

Autonomic innervation is important to regulate homeostasis in every organ of the body. The sympathetic nervous system controls several organs associated with metabolism and reproduction, including adipose tissue, the liver, and the ovaries. The sympathetic nervous system is controlled within the central nervous system by neurons located in the hypothalamus, which in turn are regulated by hormones like leptin. Leptin action in the hypothalamus leads to increased sympathetic activity in the adipose tissue. In this short report, we propose that leptin action in the brain also controls the sympathetic innervation of other organs like the liver and the ovary. We performed two experiments: We performed an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of leptin and measured norepinephrine levels in several organs, and we used a validated model of overnutrition and obesity to evaluate whether an increase in leptin levels coexists with high levels of norepinephrine in the liver and ovaries. Norepinephrine was measured by ELISA in adipose tissue and by HPLC-EC in other tissues. Leptin was measured by ELISA. We found that the ICV injection of leptin increases norepinephrine levels in several organs, including the liver and ovaries. Also, we found that diet-induced obesity leads to an increase in leptin levels while inducing an increase in norepinephrine levels in the liver and ovaries. Finally, since hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is observed both in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, we think that an increase in norepinephrine levels induced by hyperleptinemia could be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
Time-Resolved X-ray Observation of Intracellular Crystallized Protein in Living Animal
Authors: Kuramochi Masahiro , Sugawara Ibuki , Shinkai Yoichi , Mio Kazuhiro , Sasaki Yuji C.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the cellular environment as molecular crowding that supports the structure-specific functional expression of biomolecules has recently attracted much attention. Time-resolved X-ray observations have the remarkable capability to capture the structural dynamics of biomolecules with subnanometre precision. Nevertheless, the measurement of the intracellular dynamics within live organisms remains a challenge. Here, we explore the potential of utilizing crystallized proteins that spontaneously form intracellular crystals to investigate their intracellular dynamics via time-resolved X-ray observations. We generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans specifically expressing the crystallized protein in cells and observed the formation of the protein aggregates within the animal cells. From the toxic-effect observations, the aggregates had minimal toxic effects on living animals. Fluorescence observations showed a significant suppression of the translational diffusion movements in molecules constituting the aggregates. Moreover, X-ray diffraction measurements provided diffraction signals originating from these molecules. We also observed the blinking behaviour of the diffraction spots, indicating the rotational motion of these crystals within the animal cells. A diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB) analysis estimated the rotational motion of the protein crystals on the subnanometre scale. Our results provide a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique for the monitoring of intracellular dynamics.
Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Rice, Wheat, and Barley
Authors: Gasparis Sebastian , Miłoszewski Michał Miłosz
Published: November 2023

Grain size is a key component of grain yield in cereals. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Grain size is determined via several factors in different plant development stages, beginning with early tillering, spikelet formation, and assimilates accumulation during the pre-anthesis phase, up to grain filling and maturation. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control grain size is a prerequisite for improving grain yield potential. The last decade has brought significant progress in genomic studies of grain size control. Several genes underlying grain size and weight were identified and characterized in rice, which is a model plant for cereal crops. A molecular function analysis revealed most genes are involved in different cell signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, and other physiological processes. Compared to rice, the genetic background of grain size in other important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, remains largely unexplored. However, the high level of conservation of genomic structure and sequences between closely related cereal crops should facilitate the identification of functional orthologs in other species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular bases of grain size and weight in wheat, barley, and rice, focusing on the latest discoveries in the field. We also present possibly the most updated list of experimentally validated genes that have a strong effect on grain size and discuss their molecular function.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Pheromone Binding Protein 2 from Cyrtotrachelus buqueti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Liu Long , Wang Fan , Yang Wei , Yang Hua , Huang Qiong , Yang Chunlin , Hui Wenkai
Published: November 2023

Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) play important roles in binding and transporting sex pheromones. However, the PBP genes identified in coleopteran insects and their information sensing mechanism are largely unknown. Cyrtotrachelus buqueti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major insect pest of bamboo plantations. In this study, a novel PBP gene, CbuqPBP2, from C. buqueti was functionally characterized. CbuqPBP2 was more abundantly expressed in the antennae of both sexes than other body parts, and its expression level was significantly male-biased. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that CbuqPBP2 exhibited the strongest binding affinity to dibutyl phthalate (Ki = 6.32 μM), followed by styrene (Ki = 11.37 μM), among twelve C. buqueti volatiles. CbuqPBP2, on the other hand, showed high binding affinity to linalool (Ki = 10.55), the main volatile of host plant Neosinocalamus affinis. Furthermore, molecular docking also demonstrated the strong binding ability of CbuqPBP2 to dibutyl phthalate, styrene, and linalool, with binding energy values of −5.7, −6.6, and −6.0 kcal/mol, respectively, and hydrophobic interactions were the prevailing forces. The knockdown of CbuqPBP2 expression via RNA interference significantly reduced the electroantennography (EAG) responses of male adults to dibutyl phthalate and styrene. In conclusion, these results will be conducive to understanding the olfactory mechanisms of C. buqueti and promoting the development of novel strategies for controlling this insect pest.
Overcoming the Variability of iPSCs in the Manufacturing of Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: Nath Suman C. , Menendez Laura , Friedrich Ben-Nun Inbar
Published: November 2023

Various factors are known to contribute to the diversity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Among these are the donor’s genetic background and family history, the somatic cell source, the iPSC reprogramming method, and the culture system of choice. Moreover, variability is seen even in iPSC clones, generated in a single reprogramming event, where the donor, somatic cell type, and reprogramming platform are the same. The diversity seen in iPSC lines often translates to epigenetic differences, as well as to differences in the expansion rate, iPSC line culture robustness, and their ability to differentiate into specific cell types. As such, the diversity of iPSCs presents a hurdle to standardizing iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing. In this review, we will expand on the various factors that impact iPSC diversity and the strategies and tools that could be taken by the industry to overcome the differences amongst various iPSC lines, therefore enabling robust and reproducible iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing processes.
The Role of KRAS Mutation in Colorectal Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Emilescu Radu Andrei , Jinga Mariana , Cotan Horia Teodor , Popa Ana Maria , Orlov-Slavu Cristina Maria , Olaru Mihaela Cristina , Iaciu Cristian Ion , Parosanu Andreea Ioana , Moscalu Mihaela , Nitipir Cornelia
Published: November 2023

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are common in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and represent a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification is paramount in deciding the initiation of thromboprophylaxis and is calculated using scores that include tumor location, laboratory values, patient clinical characteristics, and tumor burden. Commonly used risk scores do not include the presence of molecular aberrations as a variable. This retrospective study aims to confirm the link between KRAS-activating mutations and the development of VTE in CRC. A total of 166 patients were included in this study. They were split into two cohorts based on KRAS mutational status. We evaluated the frequency and mean time to VTE development stratified by the presence of KRAS mutations. Patients with mutant KRAS had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.758 for VTE compared to KRAS wild-type patients, with an increased risk of thrombosis being maintained in KRAS mutant patients even after adjusting for other known VTE risk factors. Taking into account the results of this study, KRAS mutation represents an independent risk factor for VTE.
Corylin Attenuates CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Regulating the GAS6/AXL Signaling Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Chen Chin-Chuan , Chen Chi-Yuan , Yeh Chau-Ting , Liu Yi-Tsen , Leu Yann-Lii , Chuang Wen-Yu , Shih Yin-Hwa , Chou Li-Fang , Shieh Tzong-Ming , Wang Tong-Hong
Published: November 2023

Liver fibrosis is reversible when treated in its early stages and when liver inflammatory factors are inhibited. Limited studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of corylin, a flavonoid extracted from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), on liver fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of corylin and investigated its efficacy and mechanism of action in ameliorating liver fibrosis. Corylin significantly inhibited inflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, corylin inhibited the expression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the activation of the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. This inhibited the activation of HSCs and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. Additionally, corylin induced caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation, which promoted apoptosis in HSCs. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed the regulatory effects of corylin on these proteins, and corylin alleviated the symptoms of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. These findings revealed that corylin has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits HSC activation; thus, it presents as a potential adjuvant in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Rapid and Selective Ferulic Acid Quantification
Authors: Mǎgeruşan Lidia , Pogǎcean Florina , Soran Maria-Loredana , Pruneanu Stela-Maria
Published: November 2023

Due to the multitude of physiological functions, ferulic acid (FA) has a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, the development of rapid, sensitive, and selective detection tools for its assay is of great interest. This study reports a new electroanalytical approach for the quantification of ferulic acid in commercial pharmaceutical samples using a sulphur-doped graphene-based electrochemical sensing platform. The few-layer graphene material (exf-SGR) was prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of graphite, at a low applied bias (5 V), in an inorganic salt mixture of Na2S2O3/(NH4)2SO4 (0.3 M each). According to the morpho-structural characterization of the material, it appears to have a high heteroatom doping degree, as proved by the presence of sulphur lines in the XRD pattern, and the C/S ratio was determined by XPS investigations to be 11.57. The electrochemical performances of a glassy carbon electrode modified with the exf-SGR toward FA detection were tested by cyclic voltammetry in both standard laboratory solutions and real sample analysis. The developed modified electrode showed a low limit of detection (30.3 nM) and excellent stability and reproducibility, proving its potential applicability as a viable solution in FA qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Molecular Signatures Integral to Natural Reprogramming in the Pigment Epithelium Cells after Retinal Detachment in Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Markitantova Yuliya , Fokin Alexander , Boguslavsky Dmitry , Simirskii Vladimir , Kulikov Aleksey
Published: November 2023

The reprogramming of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into retinal cells (transdifferentiation) lies in the bases of retinal regeneration in several Urodela. The identification of the key genes involved in this process helps with looking for approaches to the prevention and treatment of RPE-related degenerative diseases of the human retina. The purpose of our study was to examine the transcriptome changes at initial stages of RPE cell reprogramming in adult newt Pleurodeles waltl. RPE was isolated from the eye samples of day 0, 4, and 7 after experimental surgical detachment of the neural retina and was used for a de novo transcriptome assembly through the RNA-Seq method. A total of 1019 transcripts corresponding to the differently expressed genes have been revealed in silico: the 83 increased the expression at an early stage, and 168 increased the expression at a late stage of RPE reprogramming. We have identified up-regulation of classical early response genes, chaperones and co-chaperones, genes involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis, suppressors of oncogenes, and EMT-related genes. We revealed the growth in the proportion of down-regulated ribosomal and translation-associated genes. Our findings contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism of RPE reprogramming in Urodela.
Lipopolysaccharide Impedes Bone Repair in FcγRIIB-Deficient Mice
Authors: Jantaboon Sirikanda , Sakunrangsit Nithidol , Toejing Parichart , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Greenblatt Matthew B. , Lotinun Sutada
Published: November 2023

Chronic inflammation contributes to the development of skeletal disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Activation of the host immune response stimulates osteoclast activity, which in turn leads to bone loss. Regenerating bone in the inflammatory microenvironments of SLE patients with critical bone defects remains a great challenge. In this study, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to imitate locally and systemically pathogenic bacterial infection and examined the bone regeneration performance of LPS-associated mandibular and tibial bone regeneration impairment in FcγRIIB−/− mice. Our results indicated that a loss of FcγRIIB alleviates bone regeneration in both mandibles and tibiae. After LPS induction, FcγRIIB−/− mice were susceptible to impaired fracture healing in tibial and mandibular bones. LPS decreased the mineralization to collagen ratio in FcγRIIB−/− mice, indicating a mineralization defect during bone repair. An osteoblast-associated gene (Col1a1) was attenuated in FcγRIIB-deficient mice, whereas Bglap, Hhip, and Creb5 were further downregulated with LPS treatment in FcγRIIB−/− mice compared to FcγRIIB−/− mice. Alpl and Bglap expression was dcreased in osteoblasts derived from bone chips. An osteoclast-associated gene, Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11 ratio, ewas increased in LPS-induced FcγRIIB−/− mice and in vitro. Furthermore, systemic LPS was relatively potent in stimulating production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in FcγRIIB−/− mice compared to FcγRIIB−/− mice. The levels of TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-1α, and IL-17A were increased, whereas IL-10 and IL-23 were decreased in FcγRIIB−/− mice treated locally with LPS. These findings suggest that both local and systemic LPS burden can exacerbate bone regeneration impairment, delay mineralization and skeletal repair, and induce inflammation in SLE patients.
Use of the Asymmetrical Chelating N-Donor 2-Imino-Pyridine as a Redox [Fe4S4] Cubane Surrogate at a Di-Iron Site Related to [FeFe]-Hydrogenases
Authors: Mele Andrea , Arrigoni Federica , De Gioia Luca , Elleouet Catherine , Pétillon François Y. , Schollhammer Philippe , Zampella Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Two complexes, related to the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases, [Fe2(CO)4(κ2-pma)(µ-bdt)] (1) and [Fe2(CO)4(κ2-pma)(µ-pdt)] (2) (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate, pdt = propane-1,2-dithiolate) featuring the diaza chelate ligand trans-N-(2-pyridylmethylene)aniline (pma) were prepared, in order to study the influence of such a redox ligand, potentially non-innocent, on their redox behaviours. Both complexes were synthesized by photolysis in moderate yields, and they were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies, elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. Their electrochemical study by cyclic voltammetry, in the presence and in the absence of protons, revealed different behaviours depending on the aliphatic or aromatic nature of the dithiolate bridge. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed the role of the pma ligand as an electron reservoir, allowing the rationalization of the proton reduction process of complex 1.
Analytical Scaling Laws for Radiofrequency-Based Pulse Compression in Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Beamlines
Authors: Denham Paul , Musumeci Pietro
Published: November 2023

We present an envelope equation-based approach to obtain analytical scaling laws for the shortest pulse length achievable using radiofrequency (RF)-based bunch compression. The derived formulas elucidate the dependencies on the electron beam energy and beam charge and reveal how relativistic energies are strongly desirable to obtain bunches containing 1 million electrons with single-digit femtosecond pulse lengths. However, the non-linearities associated with the RF curvature and the beam propagation in drift spaces significantly limit the attainability of extreme compression ratios. Therefore, an additional higher frequency RF cavity is implemented, which linearizes the bunch compression, enabling the generation of ultrashort beams in the sub-femtosecond regime.
Review of Key Technologies of Rotary-Wing Mars UAVs for Mars Exploration
Authors: Zhao Pengyue , Li Ruihan , Wu Peng , Liu Huan , Gao Xifeng , Deng Zongquan
Published: November 2023

The sparse atmosphere on the surface of Mars provides the necessary flight conditions for Mars unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to perform low-altitude flights. This work presents a comprehensive overview of key technologies in the development of Mars UAVs, with a specific focus on rotary-wing Mars UAVs. It summarizes prototypes of rotary-wing Mars UAVs developed by various global research institutions. It reviews essential technologies in rotary-wing Mars UAV research, including the Mars near-surface atmospheric environment, aerodynamic characteristics, and principles of low-pressure flight control. This work also summarizes various experimental setups and ground test results for rotary-wing Mars UAVs. Furthermore, it discusses the future development trends of rotary-wing Mars UAVs.
Exercise-Induced Blood Pressure Dynamics: Insights from the General Population and the Athletic Cohort
Authors: Pesova Petra , Jiravska Godula Bogna , Jiravsky Otakar , Jelinek Libor , Sovova Marketa , Moravcova Katarina , Ozana Jaromir , Gajdusek Libor , Miklik Roman , Sknouril Libor , Neuwirth Radek , Sovova Eliska
Published: November 2023

Blood pressure (BP) dynamics during graded exercise testing provide important insights into cardiovascular health, particularly in athletes. These measurements, taken during intense physical exertion, complement and often enhance our understanding beyond traditional resting BP measurements. Historically, the challenge has been to distinguish ‘normal’ from ‘exaggerated’ BP responses in the athletic environment. While basic guidelines have served their purpose, they may not fully account for the complex nature of BP responses in today’s athletes, as illuminated by contemporary research. This review critically evaluates existing guidelines in the context of athletic performance and cardiovascular health. Through a rigorous analysis of the current literature, we highlight the multifaceted nature of exercise-induced BP fluctuations in athletes, emphasising the myriad determinants that influence these responses, from specific training regimens to inherent physiological nuances. Our aim is to advocate a tailored, athlete-centred approach to BP assessment during exercise. Such a paradigm shift is intended to set the stage for evidence-based guidelines to improve athletic training, performance and overall cardiovascular well-being.
Study on the Conventional Uniaxial Mechanical Properties and Micro-Mechanism of Sandstone under Dry–Wet Cycles
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Peng Shilong , Yang Yudi
Published: November 2023

Dry–wet cycling has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of rocks, and a series of problems such as rock collapse can occur in rock masses under long-term dry–wet cycling. Based on this, some mechanical tests were carried out on sandstone under different dry–wet cycles to analyze the evolution law of its physical and mechanical parameters. The results show that the internal connection of the mineral becomes looser, the drying quality of the sample decreases, and the water absorption quality increases gradually under different dry–wet cycles. The peak strength of the sample decreases first and then increases with increasing dry–wet cycles. The change trend of the elastic modulus and deformation modulus with the increase in dry–wet cycles are similar to the peak strength, which is mainly related to the change in the connection between particles. Furthermore, the specimens showed axial tensile failure under uniaxial action. With the increase in dry–wet cycles, the tensile crack on the surface of the specimen increased, and the fracture of the specimen became looser. The specimen exhibited block spalling when the number of dry–wet cycles was eight times.
Estimating the Catch Efficiency of a Framed Midwater Trawl under Different Sampling Conditions Using an Acoustic Method
Authors: Lu Zhen , Mukai Tohru , Fujimori Yasuzumi , Iida Kohji
Published: November 2023

The authors have developed a method to estimate the catch efficiency of sampling gear using acoustic information. Since different sampling conditions will cause different sampling results, it is necessary to know more details about catch efficiency to quantitatively catch juvenile fish. In this study, we estimated the catch efficiency of a framed midwater trawl (FMT) for juvenile walleye pollock, and investigated differences in the catch efficiency of the FMT due to various influencing factors. To clarify the effects of different sampling conditions on catch efficiency, we investigated changes in catch efficiency by survey time (daytime and nighttime), net color (black and cyan), and towing speed (2 kt, 3 kt, 4 kt). It was quantitatively shown that the catch efficiency was higher at nighttime than during the daytime, the catch efficiency of black net was higher than that of cyan net, and the catch efficiency was higher at the faster towing speed. Comparing the estimated catch efficiency under different conditions, we found that survey time was the most important influencing factor.
AUV Collision Avoidance Planning Method Based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Authors: Yuan Jianya , Han Mengxue , Wang Hongjian , Zhong Bo , Gao Wei , Yu Dan
Published: November 2023

Collision avoidance planning has always been a hot and important issue in the field of unmanned aircraft research. In this article, we describe an online collision avoidance planning algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) autonomous navigation, which relies on its own active sonar sensor to detect obstacles. The improved particle swarm optimization (I-PSO) algorithm is used to complete the path planning of the AUV under the known environment, and we use it as a benchmark to improve the fitness function and inertia weight of the algorithm. Traditional path-planning algorithms rely on accurate environment maps, where re-adapting the generated path can be highly demanding in terms of computational cost. We propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm based on collision avoidance tasks. The algorithm discussed in this paper takes into account the relative position of the target point and the rate of heading change from the previous timestep. Its reward function considers the target point, running time and turning angle at the same time. Compared with the LSTM structure, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network has fewer parameters, which helps to save training time. A series of simulation results show that the proposed deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm can obtain excellent results in simple and complex environments.
The Symbiodiniaceae and Bacterial Dynamic Composition of the Coral Echinopora gemmacea on Wuzhizhou Island
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Li Yushan , Zhu Wentao , Liu Xiangbo , Chen Rou-Wen , Wang Aimin , Li Xiubao
Published: November 2023

Coral’s susceptibility to bleaching is determined by the strength of the intricate mutual relationships among coral symbionts. However, there is limited knowledge about how the symbiotic members of the scleractinian coral Echinopora gemmacea respond to changes in their surrounding environmental conditions. In this study, we conducted a survey of seawater characteristics in the south and north zones of Wuzhizhou (WZZ) Island, measured symbiotic microalgal density and chlorophyll-a content in the corals, and performed metabarcoding of the Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria communities within coral tissue. Our findings demonstrated that the seawater in the north zone of WZZ Island had higher levels of turbidity, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen content compared to the south zone. This indicated that the corals in the two zones were subjected to distinctive environmental conditions. Analysis of the Symbiodiniaceae composition revealed that Cladocopium sp. C1 and Cladocopium sp. C17 were the dominant species in the southern E. gemmacea, whereas Durusdinium sp. D1a and Cladocopium sp. C17 prevailed in the northern E. gemmacea. Consequently, symbiotic microalgal density and chlorophyll-a content were diminished in the northern E. gemmacea. Furthermore, correlation network analysis revealed the presence of intricate bacterial interactions that potentially mediate coral’s adaptation to environmental stress. This study provides insights into the differences in symbiotic members, including Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, within E. gemmacea, and contributes to fundamental knowledge for coral conservation efforts.
Risk Identification Method for Ship Navigation in the Complex Waterways via Consideration of Ship Domain
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Wu Yong , Chu Xiumin , Liu Chenguang , Zheng Mao
Published: November 2023

Collision risk identification is an important basis for intelligent ship navigation decision-making, which evaluates results that play a crucial role in the safe navigation of ships. However, the curvature, narrowness, and restricted water conditions of complex waterways bring uncertainty and ambiguity to the judgment of the danger of intelligent ship navigation situation, making it difficult to calculate such risk accurately and efficiently with a unified standard. This study proposes a new method for identifying ship navigation risks by combining the ship domain with AIS data to increase the prediction accuracy of collision risk identification for ship navigation in complex waterways. In this method, a ship domain model is constructed based on the ship density map drawn using AIS data. Then, the collision time with the target ship is calculated based on the collision hazard detection line and safety distance boundary, forming a method for dividing the danger level of the ship navigation situation. In addition, the effectiveness of this method was verified through simulation of ships navigation in complex waterways, and correct collision avoidance decisions can be made with the Regulations for Preventing Collisions in Inland Rivers of the People’s Republic of China, indicating the advantages of the proposed risk identification method in practical applications.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Heterotrophic Nitrification/Aerobic Denitrification in the Marine Tritonibacter mobilis HN1
Authors: Qi Ruijie , Zhang Yixuan , Qu Wu , Wei Jingyu , Xu Hongjie , Liu Yuqi , Xia Jie , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2023

This work aimed to reveal the heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification activities in a salt-tolerant strain, Tritonibacter mobile HN1, isolated from mariculture sludge by using a pure culture method. Strain HN1 showed the removal rates of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrogen of 98.22%, 100%, 95.71%, and 86.63%, respectively, with the carbon source of sodium citrate or sodium succinate, ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 15, salinity of 3%, temperature of 30 °C, shaking speed of 120 rpm, and pH of 8. The genes of narG, narH, narI, nirS, norB, norC, nosZ, glnA, and GltB were found in the genome sequence of strain HN1, confirming the pathways of nitrogen assimilation, heterotrophic nitrification, and aerobic denitrification. In addition, two nitrifying genes, amo and nap, were missing in the genome of Tritonibacter mobile HN1, indicating that HN1 may have novel genes for this function. This study showed that HN1 had the potential to remove nitrogen contaminants in saline environments and was the first Tritonibacter mobilis strain with heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification capabilities.
Fatigue Assessment Comparison between a Ship Motion-Based Data-Driven Model and a Direct Fatigue Calculation Method
Authors: Lang Xiao , Wu Da , Tian Wuliu , Zhang Chi , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Mao Wengang
Published: November 2023

Ocean-crossing ship structures continuously suffer from wave-induced loads when sailing at sea. The encountered wave loads cause significant variations in ship structural stresses, leading to accumulated fatigue damage. Where large inherent uncertainties still exist, it is now common to use spectral methods for direct fatigue calculation when evaluating ship fatigue. This paper investigates the use of a machine learning technique to establish a model for 2800TEU container vessel fatigue assessment. Measurement data from 3 years of cross-Atlantic sailing demonstrated and validated the machine learning model. In this investigation, the ship’s motions were used as inputs to build a machine learning model. The fatigue damage amounts predicted using a machine learning model were compared with those obtained from full-scale measurements and direct fatigue calculation. The pros and cons of the methods are compared in terms of their capability, robustness, and prediction accuracy.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Marine Mud Slurry Treated by Flocculation-Solidification-High Pressure Filtration Combined Method
Authors: Han Chao , Xie Hongping , Bai Bin , Zhang Rongjun , Gao Yingchao , Zhao Zhekun
Published: November 2023

For the massive quantities and negative impacts of dredged mud slurry, its disposal and utilization have become one of the most noticeable issues in the world. In this paper, the flocculation-solidification-high pressure filtration combined method is proposed to effectively dispose of marine mud slurries. The advantages of this method are demonstrated herein in the following three aspects: dewatering performance, material savings, and the shear strength of the treated marine mud slurry. Then, the effects of the anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) dose, composite solidification agent dose, initial water content of marine mud slurries, and initial thickness of geo-bags on the mechanical properties of the marine mud slurry treated by the flocculation-solidification-high pressure filtration combined method are studied. Experimental results show that with increasing doses of APAM, the structures of mud slurries become more stable, and the optimal dose of APAM is determined as 0.16%. Moreover, the increase in the composite solidification agent dose and initial water content of the marine mud slurry, and the decrease in the initial thickness of geo-bags both contribute to the increase in the shear strength of the marine mud slurry treated by the flocculation-solidification-high pressure filtration combined method.
Farmers’ Willingness to Purchase Weather Index Crop Insurance: Evidence from Battambang, Cambodia
Authors: Lay Bungchay , Bunyasiri Isriya , Suchato Ravissa
Published: November 2023

The weather index crop insurance (WICI) scheme was introduced under a pilot project for rice in Cambodia in 2021. The adoption rate was low and the loss ratio was higher than 200%. The increase in farmers’ participation would help reduce the loss ratio, which can sustain the WICI scheme. This study, therefore, examines Cambodian rice farmers’ willingness to purchase WICI in Cambodia. The hypothesis is that the low adoption rate is due to a lack of awareness, lack of understanding of WICI, lack of trust in weather stations, and the problem of basis risk. This study would like to test the influence of those factors on the willingness to purchase in Cambodia. Battambang Province was chosen as the study area as it is the largest area for rice production and has the largest take-up rate of farmers buying WICI. Detailed interviews of 232 farmers were conducted in the districts of Bavel and Moung Ruessei. The probit regression model was used to identify factors that significantly impact farmers’ willingness to purchase WICI. The results indicate that land size, level of trust in weather stations, level of farmers’ understanding of WICI, and joining the WICI awareness program have positive effects on the probability of farmers’ willingness to buy WICI, whereas the number of household laborers and expectation of floods have negative influences. The probability of willingness to purchase by farmers who attended the awareness program on WICI was 38% higher than those who did not. The size of farmland, level of trust in weather stations, and level of understanding of WICI increase in one unit affecting the probability of willingness to purchase WICI by 4%, 16%, and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, the increase in the number of household laborers in the rice field by one person and the increase in the probability of expected flood increase by 0.1 drag back the probability of farmers’ willingness to purchase by 16% and 5%, respectively. The results suggest the government to raise the insurance awareness and understanding of WICI. Development of weather station infrastructure, as well as maintenance of weather stations, is needed to guarantee the accuracy of data generated from the weather station.