bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual‐earner couples' sharing of work‐related experiences: Effects on relational and personal well‐being
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Li Liman Man Wai , Sun Yue Yang , Chan Lance Ying‐Chuen , Law Wilbert , Jiang Da , Stertz Anna M. , Wiese Bettina S.
Published: July 2024

Personal growth and self‐expressive goals have become increasingly important in modern marriages. In dual‐earner couples, sharing work‐related experiences with the partner can be particularly important in promoting mutual support for each other's personal growth. The current study examined dual‐earner couples' sharing of work‐related experiences and how it influenced both partners' relationship satisfaction and personal well‐being. A total of 102 heterosexual dual‐earner couples were recruited from communities in Hong Kong. They completed a pretest survey, a 14‐day daily diary study, and a follow‐up survey 1 year later. The Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model was adopted to analyze the dyadic effects of sharing positive and negative work‐related experiences on relationship satisfaction and personal well‐being on the same day and 1 year later. In general, the sharing of both positive and negative work‐related experiences had beneficial effects on the outcomes. Specifically, wives' sharing had more immediate effects on both partners' relational and personal well‐being, whereas husbands' sharing had more long‐term effects on the partner's personal well‐being. The findings highlight the importance of work‐related sharing in dual‐earner couples. Practical implications are discussed.
Destructuring a shield to rebuild the history: The case of the painted wooden shield from the battle of Lepanto in Marino (Rome, Italy)
Authors: Iorio Morena , Graziani Valerio , Ruggiero Ludovica , Biscarini Elisabetta , Libera Roberto , Ventura Giancarlo Della , Fedi Mariaelena , Barone Serena , Liccioli Lucia , Branchini Paolo , Sodo Armida , Tortora Luca
Published: July 2024

A painted wooden shield from the 16th century, commonly traced back to the famous Lepanto Battle (1571), was investigated by a multi‐analytical approach to identify its manufacturing process and shed light on its cultural provenance. The typology is coherent with both the Christian and Ottoman armies and does not allow for an attribution. Radiocarbon dated the shield to two time intervals (1470–1525, 1580–1625, at 68% level of probability), compatible with the date of the Battle of Lepanto. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance, External Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, micro‐Raman and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and histochemical and shrinking temperature tests were used to characterize the artefact. The shield resulted to be made of softwood panels, covered by a stratigraphy of flax fibres, cattle skin, and a painting preparation layer of hydromagnesite. Adhesion was ensured by bone glue. Oblique, red, and cinnabar stripes alternating on the white preparation are visible on the front of the shield, whereas a homogeneous dark paint covers the back. None of the raw materials was informative by themselves, but the unusual presence of the hydromagnesite could be crossed with the geographical context, resulting in a promising outcome for future isotopic and trace element studies.
Employment systems in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Gahan Peter , Turnbull Peter
Published: July 2024

In this article, we honour David Marsden's most important contribution: his Theory of Employment Systems (ToES). Grounded in standard economic analysis, ToES sets out to explain how a relatively small number of employment systems solve fundamental problems associated with open‐ended employment relationships (flexibility and opportunism). In the period since its publication, the employment relationship remains the dominant form of engaging workers; however, employment arrangements in the UK and elsewhere have been transformed, and employment systems in many settings more closely resemble configurations of rules that ToES predicted would prove unstable. While ToES does not explicitly integrate a number of important dimensions that define all aspects of employment systems, we show why Marsden's core theoretical insights retain analytical purchase as an explanatory framework. That said, taking a more sociologically and historically informed approach to understanding contemporary employment systems is required to comprehend the diversity of employment systems and how they evolve in the twenty‐first century.
Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours: outcomes and adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Mousa Ahmad , Anson‐Cartwright Lynn , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Bedard Philippe , Jiang Di Maria , Glicksman Rachel , Chung Peter , Warde Padraig , O’Malley Martin , Prendeville Susan , Hamilton Robert J.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To compare the outcomes and treatment burden of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (pRPLND) alone versus pRPLND + adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with pathological stage II (PSII) non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT).

Patients and Methods

Retrospective review of the Princess Margaret Cancer Center eTestes cancer database identified patients with PSII NSGCT after pRPLND between 1995 and 2020. The primary outcome was relapse‐free survival (RFS). Secondary outcomes included disease‐specific survival (DSS), burden of relapse treatment, and factors associated with relapse.

Results

A total of 109 PSII patients were included in the study. There were 96 patients treated with pRPLND alone and 13 treated with pRPLND + AC. The median follow‐up was 61 months. The 5‐year RFS was 72% for the pRPLND‐only group vs 92% for the pRPLND + AC group (hazard ratio [HR] 4.372, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–32.36; P = 0.11). Within the pRPLND‐only group the 5‐year RFS differed by pN stage (pN1 = 94% vs pN2/N3 = 67%, P = 0.03). Despite a higher relapse rate within the pRPLND‐only group, the DSS was similar at 5 years (98% pRPLND only vs 100% pRPLND + AC, P = 0.48). Only 24 (25%) of the patients in the pRPLND‐only group required any subsequent chemotherapy. Despite achieving similar survival, the cumulative post‐RPLND treatment burden was less for the pRPLND‐only group than the pRPLND+AC group overall (average 1.23 vs 2.46 cycles of chemotherapy per patient in group).

Conclusion

The majority of patients with PSII NSGCT treated with pRPLND alone do not experience a recurrence or require chemotherapy. Despite a lower relapse risk when AC is given, no difference in survival was seen but higher chemotherapy burden was entertained. AC may constitute overtreatment for most patients with PSII NSGCT treated with pRPLND.
Litigation claims in Urology in the UK National Health Service: an analysis of the trends, costs and causes over a 16‐year period
Authors: Tiwari Abhinav , Lane Jenni , Somani Bhaskar
Published: July 2024

Objective

To analyse the litigation trends and the reasons for claims within the specialty of Urology, within the UK National Health Service (NHS), over a 16‐year period.

Materials and Methods

Data were requested from NHS Resolution under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. This included the total number of claims in Urology, the number of these that were successful (settled or closed), and the costs in damages paid out per financial year between 2006 and 2022. A breakdown of the successful claims by their primary cause was also collected. These were coded into the categories: ‘non‐operative’, ‘intraoperative’, ‘postoperative’, and ‘other’.

Results

A total of 4124 litigation claims were made between 2006 and 2022 and 60.9% (2511/4124) of these claims were successful. In all, £145 million (British pounds) was paid out in damages. The number of successful claims increased 2.9‐fold from the start to end of this 16‐year period, and the costs in damages paid out increased 10‐fold. Regarding primary causes for the successful claims, failure or delay in treatment (20.9%, 525/2511), failure or delay in diagnosis (14.5%, 364/2511), and intraoperative problems (9.1%, 229/2511) accounted for the highest proportion. Overall, non‐operative causes for successful claims accounted for 73.3% (1840/2511), intraoperative for 20.1% (504/2511), and postoperative for 3.9% (98/2511).

Conclusions

The number of successful urological litigation claims, and their associated costs is rising. The majority are due to non‐operative causes, which may be partially explained by NHS waiting lists alongside the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Topography influences the tree dynamics of a tropical dry forest in western Mexico
Authors: Arriaga‐Ramírez Alexis , Méndez‐Toribio Moisés , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo , Lopez‐Toledo Leonel
Published: July 2024

In seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF's) drought risk driven by topography‐related factors determines vegetation structure, functional composition, and species diversity; however, the effect of slope aspect and topographic position on tree community dynamics are still poorly explored. In this paper, we studied the dynamics and structural attributes of the tree community of a Mexican SDTF. Plots were established in a combination of two topographic conditions: slope aspect (north/south) and topographic position (upper/middle/lower). Differences among these conditions were assessed through (i) community dynamics´ parameters, (ii) species dynamics, (iii) vegetation structure, and (iv) species diversity. We analyzed community attributes for each of our study years (2012–2020) and rates of change between this period for the entire community (DBH ≥1 cm), small‐sized trees (DBH ≤3 cm), and large‐sized trees (DBH >3 cm). Multivariate analyses were also used to examine the relationship between vegetation and topography. In upper positions, trees showed higher mortality (mean mr ± SE = 3.1 ± 0.2% yr − 1) and lower recruitment rates (mean rr ± SE = 6.3 ± 0.9% yr − 1) than those from the lower positions (mean mr ± SE = 1.7 ± 0.1% yr − 1; mean rr ± SE = 7.7 ± 0.7% yr − 1). The relative change (%) in the number of individuals for the entire community and small‐sized trees increased towards the lower positions. The entire community showed a temporary loss of stems on south‐facing slopes, but temporary gains in number of stems in lower positions for the small‐sized trees. We did not find any temporary changes in species diversity attributes. The drought risk gradient imposed by topographic position influences the tree dynamics with a higher mortality of stems/individuals towards upper positions, but species diversity was maintained.
Changes in Numbers of Glomerular Macrophages Between Two Consecutive Biopsies and the Association With Renal Transplant Graft Survival
Authors: Nasic Salmir , Mölne Johan , Eriksson Marie , Stegmayr Bernd , Afghahi Henri , Peters Björn
Published: July 2024

Background

Macrophages are involved in kidney transplants. The aim of the study was to investigate if changes exist in the levels of glomerular macrophage index (GMI) between two consecutive kidney transplant biopsies, and if so to determine their potential impact on graft survival.

Methods

Two consecutive biopsies were performed on the same renal graft in 623 patients. GMI was categorized into three GMI classes: ≤1.8 Low, 1.9–4.5 Medium, and ≥4.6 High. This division yielded nine possible switches between the first and second biopsies (Low‐Low, Low‐Medium, etc.). Cox‐regressions were used and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented.

Results

The worst graft survival was observed in the High‐High group, and the best graft survival was observed in the Low‐Low and High‐Low groups. Compared to the High‐High group, a reduction of risk was observed in nearly all other decreasing groups (reductions between 65% and 80% of graft loss). After adjustment for covariates, the risk for graft‐loss was lower in the Low‐Low (HR = 0.24, CI 0.13–0.46), Low‐Medium (HR = 0.25, CI 0.11–0.55), Medium‐Low (HR = 0.29, CI 0.11–0.77), and the High‐Low GMI (HR = 0.31, CI 0.10–0.98) groups compared to the High‐High group as the reference.

Conclusions

GMI may change dynamically, and the latest finding is of most prognostic importance. GMI should be considered in all evaluations of biopsy findings since high or increasing GMI levels are associated with shorter graft survival. Future studies need to consider therapeutic strategies to lower or maintain a low GMI. A high GMI besides a vague histological finding should be considered as a warning sign requiring more frequent clinical follow up.
Coexistence of large cell transformed mycosis fungoides and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in one patient
Authors: Rohan Thomas Z. , Suriano Jayson , Tekmen Volkan , Bhatti Safiyyah , Talasila Sahithi , Joffe Daniel , Holtmeyer Caleb , Lee Jason B. , Alpdogan Onder , Nikbakht Neda
Published: July 2024

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The overall risk of developing DLBCL is increased in patients with other lymphomas, such as mycosis fungoides (MF). In this report, we present an 81‐year‐old female with early‐stage MF who simultaneously progressed to tumor stage, large‐cell transformed (LCT) MF and developed a primary DLBCL in a lymph node (LN). She presented with a tumor on her leg and new lymphadenopathy in her right axilla. Skin biopsy of the tumor revealed infiltration of large atypical CD3+, CD4+, and CD30+ cells, and a smaller portion of CD8+ cells in the dermis, consistent with LCT MF. Biopsy of the axillary LN revealed diffuse sheets of CD20+, BCL‐2+, c‐MYC+, and CD10− cells, highly suggestive of double expressor DLBCL. High‐throughput sequencing revealed monoclonal T cells in the skin tumor and a monoclonal B‐cell population in the LN. The above findings led to simultaneous diagnoses of LCT MF and nodal double expressor DLBCL. Our case demonstrates the importance of performing a full pathological workup in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients presenting with lymphadenopathy.
Asymptomatic CD34+ plaque on the scalp of a child
Authors: Nguyen Tue F. , Weiss Aeja , Maxon Emily , Browning John C. , Davis Thomas
Published: July 2024

Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) is a rare, benign dermal mesenchymal lesion of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. We report a case of a 2‐year‐old male who presented with an 18‐month history of an erythematous, asymptomatic, unchanging dermal plaque on the right medial frontal scalp. A punch biopsy showed a disorderly, bland, dermal fibroblastic spindle cell proliferation extending to the superficial subcutis. It stained positive for CD34, and concern for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was raised. However, FISH was negative for PDGFB rearrangement, and the constellation of findings was most consistent with FCTN. This case underscores the importance of distinguishing CD34+ mesenchymal tumors for both dermatologists and dermatopathologists. As these represent a rather diverse group of lesions with different biological behaviors, a knowledge of the differential diagnosis of these entities is critical for proper patient management.
Perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine: Perspectives of people with lived experience, family members and health workers
Authors: Kershaw Steph , Sunderland Matthew , Grager Anna , Birrell Louise , Deen Hannah , Newton Nicola C. , Stapinski Lexine A. , Champion Katrina E. , Kay‐Lambkin Frances , Teesson Maree , Chapman Cath
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Barriers to help‐seeking for illicit drug use cross psychosocial (e.g., knowledge of where to seek help, attitudinal beliefs like being afraid of what people will think) and structural (e.g., service availability) domains. Along with people who use illicit drugs, it is important to consider the perspectives of other key groups who are often involved in the help‐seeking and recovery process. This study aimed to examine the perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’) among key groups (people who use crystal methamphetamine, families and friends, health workers) as well as the general community.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey open to all Australian residents (aged ≥18 years) was conducted November 2018–March 2019. Four key groups of interest were recruited to examine and compare perceived barriers to help‐seeking for crystal methamphetamine use.

Results

Participants (n = 2108) included: people who use/have used crystal methamphetamine (n = 564, 39%), health workers (n = 288, 26.8%), affected family/friends (n = 434, 13.7%) and general community (n = 822, 20.6%). People who used crystal methamphetamine demonstrated increased odds of reporting attitudinal (OR 1.35; 1.02–1.80) or structural (OR 1.89; 1.09–3.27) barriers, or a previous negative help‐seeking experience (OR 2.27; 1.41–3.66) compared to knowledge barriers. Health workers demonstrated decreased odds of reporting attitudinal compared to knowledge barriers (OR 0.69; 0.50–0.95).

Discussion and Conclusions

Perceived barriers to seeking help for crystal methamphetamine use differed among key groups involved in treatment and recovery. Acknowledging and addressing the mismatches between key groups, through targeted interventions may better support people to seek help for crystal methamphetamine use.
Wheelchair skills training improves power mobility and participation in young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Naaris Mari , Konings Marco , Ortibus Els , Monbaliu Elegast
Published: July 2024

Aim

To explore the effect of a 4‐week structured power wheelchair skills training programme (WSTP) intervention on mobility skills and participation in children and young people (CYP) with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This was a one‐group, repeated‐measures study; baseline, intervention, and retention phases, each lasting 4 weeks, were used. Twelve participants (three females, nine males) with a mean age of 15 years 11 months (SD = 3 years 6 months) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V participated in the study. To be included in the study, individuals had to be aged 6 to 21 years and currently using a power wheelchair. Participants received 12 WSTP training sessions of 45 minutes, 3 times per week. Power mobility skills were assessed using the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) before baseline, before the intervention, after the intervention, and at the follow‐up; mobility‐related participation was assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Generalized mixed models with Bonferroni correction were used to assess the differences between the assessment points (p < 0.05).

Results

Statistical analysis showed a 10.4% (12.5) increase in WST total scores (p < 0.001) after the intervention compared to before the intervention, and a 1‐point (0.9) increase in the COPM performance subdomain (p = 0.002).

Interpretation

Power mobility skills and mobility‐related participation improved after a 4‐week WSTP intervention in CYP with CP. Thus, task‐based power mobility skills training based on the WSTP, and in line with individualized needs and capabilities, taking place in a natural environment, should be recommended. Power mobility skills training needs to be structured and individualized; the training interventions must consider the individual, the task, and the environment.
Promoting inclusive university practices: Fostering diversity and dignity in doctoral supervision
Authors: Kohout‐Diaz Magdalena
Published: July 2024

This article delves into doctoral supervision through the lens of inclusive transitions at the university. It aims to describe the complexity of the bond that forms between the supervisee and the supervisor, far from the bureaucratic practice of the academic environment. Based on self‐studies, the study reveals that the dialogue between the supervisee and the supervisor is unique and not reducible to control processes. This guidance, marked by various dilemmas, requires an ethic of openness to diversity, transforming academic practices. Inclusive supervision questions excessively academic (entitled) postures, fighting against discrimination and avoiding narcissistic pitfalls. The article further explores the vulnerability of the doctoral student, the dignity in focus, and new forms of discrimination and stigmatisation at the university. It provides a close look at unique journeys, shedding light on the human experience in the face of doctoral challenges, subtle forms of racism and the recurring theme of racism versus dignity. Drawing on Erving Goffman's work on stigma, this article also explores how these experiences of discrimination and racism can lead to stigmatisation, affecting the doctoral students' sense of self and their interactions within the academic environment. This perspective underscores the importance of fostering diversity and dignity in doctoral supervision, promoting inclusive university practices that respect and acknowledge each doctoral student's journey. It also emphasises the importance of understanding, and respect in the supervisory relationship, and the role these elements play in fostering a supportive academic environment.
The Kantian origin of Adorno's concept of metaphysical experience
Authors: Baghai Farshid
Published: July 2024

Metaphysical experience is one of the most obscure concepts in Adorno's Negative Dialectics. The obscurity stems partly from the way in which metaphysical experience is antinomic. To describe the antinomic character of metaphysical experience, Adorno situates it in relation to Kant's first Critique. He distinguishes two conceptions of antinomy in the first Critique: first, the explicit conception of antinomy that the transcendental dialectic exposes and resolves; and second, the implicit conception of antinomy that remains insoluble and structures the first Critique and Adorno's own concept of metaphysical experience. Yet Adorno does not clarify what he means by the antinomic structure of the first Critique and how this structure underlies his own concept of metaphysical experience. Nor does the scholarship on Adorno. This article reconstructs Adorno's response to these questions, and, in so doing, demonstrates the Kantian origin of Adorno's concept of metaphysical experience in Negative Dialectics.
Electrodiagnostic subtyping in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients in the International Guillain–Barré Outcome Study
Authors: Arends Samuel , Drenthen Judith , de Koning Laura , van den Bergh Peter , Hadden Robert D. M. , Kuwabara Satoshi , Reisin Ricardo C. , Shahrizaila Nortina , Ajroud‐Driss Senda , Antonini Giovanni , Attarian Shahram , Balducci Claudia , Bertorini Tulio , Brannagan Thomas H. , Cavaletti Guido , Chao Chi‐Chao , Chavada Govind , Dillmann Klaus‐Ulrich , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Galassi Giuliana , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Gerardo , Harbo Thomas , Islam Badrul , Islam Zhahirul , Katzberg Hans , Kusunoki Susumu , Manganelli Fiore , Miller James A. L. , Pardo Julio , Pereon Yann , Rajabally Yusuf A. , Sindrup Soren , Stettner Mark , Uncini Antonino , Verhamme Camiel , Vytopil Michal , Waheed Waqar , Jacobs Bart C. , Cornblath David R. ,   The IGOS Consortium
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose

Various electrodiagnostic criteria have been developed in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Their performance in a broad representation of GBS patients has not been evaluated. Motor conduction data from the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) cohort were used to compare two widely used criterion sets and relate these to diagnostic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis criteria.

Methods

From the first 1500 patients in IGOS, nerve conduction studies from 1137 (75.8%) were available for the current study. These patients were classified according to nerve conduction studies criteria proposed by Hadden and Rajabally.

Results

Of the 1137 studies, 68.3% (N = 777) were classified identically according to criteria by Hadden and Rajabally: 111 (9.8%) axonal, 366 (32.2%) demyelinating, 195 (17.2%) equivocal, 35 (3.1%) inexcitable and 70 (6.2%) normal. Thus, 360 studies (31.7%) were classified differently. The areas of differences were as follows: 155 studies (13.6%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally; 122 studies (10.7%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and equivocal by Rajabally; and 75 studies (6.6%) classified as equivocal by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally. Due to more strictly defined cutoffs fewer patients fulfilled demyelinating criteria by Rajabally than by Hadden, making more patients eligible for axonal or equivocal classification by Rajabally. In 234 (68.6%) axonal studies by Rajabally the revised El Escorial (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) criteria were fulfilled; in axonal cases by Hadden this was 1.8%.

Conclusions and discussion

This study shows that electrodiagnosis in GBS is dependent on the criterion set utilized, both of which are based on expert opinion. Reappraisal of electrodiagnostic subtyping in GBS is warranted.
The brown side of firm flexibility
Authors: El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane , Saadi Samir , Sassi Syrine
Published: July 2024

Using a sample of 24,321 firm‐year observations from 25 countries over the 2006–2021 period, we show that operating flexibility increases carbon emissions. This increase is due to to the efficiency and instability channels. The relation is stronger for firms where expansion flexibility outweighs contraction flexibility, and for focused and financially unconstrained firms. Cross‐country analyses indicate that the effect of flexibility on carbon emissions is more prominent in developed economies with superior institutional quality. In contrast to prior studies that highlight the beneficial consequences of operating flexibility, our findings expose its adverse effect on environmental performance.
Mechanism research on microRNA‐669f‐5p/deoxycytidylate deaminase axis mediating sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice
Authors: Zhong Yuan‐Ping , Zhang Chao , Zheng Xue , Chen Dong‐Qin , Fang Xu , Zhang Yu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the role of the microRNA (miRNA)‐669f‐5p/deoxycytidylate deaminase (Dctd) axis in sevoflurane inducing cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.

Methods

Sixty‐six C57BL/6J mice were used in the experiment model and were randomly divided into the sevoflurane group and the control group. The mice in the sevoflurane group were anesthetised with 3.4% sevoflurane, whereas those in the control group were air‐treated for the same period. The study was then performed using bioinformatics sequencing, as well as in vitro and in vivo validation.

Results

The mice in the sevoflurane group showed significant cognitive impairments in terms of a decrease in both spatial learning and memory abilities. Experimental doses of miR‐669f‐5p agonist exhibited no obvious effect on cognitive function following sevoflurane inhalation, but inhibiting the expression of miR‐669f‐5p could alleviate the impairments. Based on the results of the bioinformatics sequencing, miR‐669f‐5p/Dctd and the toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway could be the key miRNA, gene and pathway leading to postoperative cognitive dysfunction following sevoflurane inhalation. The aged mice showed significantly increased expression of miR‐669f‐5p in the hippocampus following sevoflurane inhalation, and upregulating/inhibiting its expression could increase/decrease TLR expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, miR‐669f‐5p could reduce the expression of the Dctd gene by binding to its 3′untranslated region.

Conclusion

The miR‐669f‐5p/Dctd axis plays an important role in sevoflurane inducing cognitive dysfunction in aged mice, providing a new direction for further development of therapeutic strategies concerning the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Gender and orientation diversity in the family courts: A guide to terms and present issues
Authors: Currie Nathaniel , Simmons‐Horton Sherri , Burke Jack , Farley Rebecca , Olson‐Kennedy Aydin
Published: July 2024

Family court systems sort, explore, and resolve many youth, couple, family, and community concerns and issues. Recognizing the vast diversity of all people, and thus the vast diversity of the concept of family, this article defines and discusses many of the ideas central to diversity, identity, and family. This resource can assist family court professionals in interpreting and applying LGBTQ+ family court research, helping to create a more robust awareness and ability to empower those who utilize family court and family support systems.
Experimental and numerical investigations on fretting fatigue in a bridge‐flat component using a stress life prediction model
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Wei Dasheng , Yang Shun
Published: July 2024

The study investigated the fretting fatigue behavior of a bridge‐flat component, utilizing a flat specimen with two bridge‐type pads tested under cyclic loading. Numerical simulations were also carried out using the finite element method. Firstly, precise calculations of contact stress were performed with the material's elastoplastic model. Secondly, the stress distribution on the maximum stress cross‐section was extracted, and the stress gradient was computed. Finally, a stress fatigue life prediction model considering the stress gradient was proposed, and the predicted life was compared with the test life. The results of the study revealed that the specimens exhibited high stress gradients at the edges of the contact region during the bridge‐flat tests. In comparison with plain fatigue, fretting fatigue life was significantly reduced. The life prediction model proposed in this paper demonstrated good accuracy for predicting fretting fatigue.
Projecting exceedance of juvenile salmonid thermal maxima in streams under climate change: A crosswalk from lab experiments to riparian restoration
Authors: Iacarella Josephine C. , Chea Richard , Patterson David A. , Weller J. Daniel
Published: July 2024

Concern over rising water temperatures for freshwater ectotherms has led to application of experimentally derived thermal thresholds to stream temperature models for estimation of streams at high risk of exceeding thermal thresholds under current and future climate conditions. We optimised an approach that links field‐relevant thermal maxima experiments to corresponding stream temperature models and identifies opportunities to reduce stream temperatures through riparian tree growth.

We conducted a thermal maxima experiment on cold‐water adapted juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) that reflected natural temperatures by using incremental temperature ramping with diel fluctuations (IT‐Dmax) and refit a regionally specific stream temperature model for British Columbia, Canada to directly relate to lab‐derived thresholds. Salmon‐bearing streams across British Columbia were categorised by threshold exceedance risk (i.e., low, moderate, high, severe) based on risk tolerance scenarios for management decision making (i.e., considering a range of prediction intervals [PIs] and stream thermal sensitivities to air temperature). We linked these results directly to riparian management and restoration actions by estimating the potential for riparian tree growth to reduce threshold exceedance risk.

Lab‐derived IT‐Dmax endpoints were consistently 24°C (based on the median value between the 7‐day average of the daily maximum and the mean weekly average temperature) across acclimation treatments for both species. Under current conditions, most stream reaches (99.6% using an intermediate risk tolerance scenario) were below the thermal threshold; streams with moderate to high risk of threshold exceedance were projected to increase from 0.4% to 1.5% (total linear stream length of 6,929 km) by end of century. The risk‐averse (high sensitivity, 75% PI) and risk‐tolerant (low sensitivity, 95% PI) scenarios differed by 1,107 km of streams predicted to have a moderate to severe risk of exceeding thresholds by end of century. Maximal riparian tree growth was predicted to shift 670 km of streams from moderate to low exceedance risk under end‐of‐century conditions and intermediate risk tolerance, showing the potential for mitigation from thermal impacts.

Our integrative approach tackled several key considerations in identifying streams at high temperature risk for freshwater ectotherms that to date have not been addressed. Furthermore, we showcased the delineation of spatially comprehensive estimates that identify where management mitigation and a specific restoration activity may be most needed to reduce impacts of rising temperatures on rearing salmonids across an extensive region.
What builds inter‐municipal cooperation? Assumed and added effects of a metropolitan bicycle‐sharing project
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał Adam , Grzelak‐Kostulska Elżbieta , Biegańska Jadwiga
Published: July 2024

Inter‐municipal cooperation (IMC) is increasingly becoming a tool municipalities use to achieve development goals and increase public service quality. However, in Central and Eastern Europe countries, including Poland, such a modus operandi is less common due to administrative and legal considerations. This article analyses one bicycle‐sharing project carried out jointly by 14 municipalities of the Gdańsk‐Gdynia‐Sopot metropolitan area in Poland. Based on a series of in‐depth interviews, the study aimed to consider what builds inter‐municipal cooperation at the local level. During the analysis, it proved that the various actors had different levels of commitment to cooperation based on substantive premises. Positive opinions about cooperation in the project resulted from partner and non‐hierarchical relations, fair and equal treatment without domination towards smaller municipalities. The study showed that in addition to the assumed effects of cooperation, the applied cooperation model allowed many added effects to be achieved, beneficial for all project partners.
Does lung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration lead to better outcomes in acute kidney injury requiring intermittent hemodialysis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Zachariah Vidhya K. , Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil , Ramachandran Natarajan , Vairappan Balasubramanian , Parameswaran Sreejith , Priyamvada Puthenpurackal Sivanpillai
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Optimization of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is a critical parameter in achieving therapeutic efficacy and ensuring hemodynamic stability. While various modalities such as blood volume monitoring, inferior vena cava diameter assessment, natriuretic peptide levels, bioimpedance assay, and lung ultrasound have been widely explored in the context of maintenance hemodialysis, the concept of volume‐guided ultrafiltration in dialysis patients with acute kidney injury remains unexplored.

Methods

Adult patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis, who were hemodynamically stable and not on ventilator support, without underlying lung pathology or cardiac failure, were randomized into two groups. All patients underwent 28‐zone lung ultrasound before dialysis. The ultrafiltration was decided based on the treating physician's clinical judgment in controls. In the intervention group, the ultrafiltration orders prescribed by the treating physician were modified, based on the Kerley B line scores obtained by lung ultrasound. The rest of the dialysis prescriptions were similar. A postdialysis lung ultrasound was done in both groups to assess the postdialysis volume status 30 min after the dialysis session.

Results

A total of 74 patients undergoing hemodialysis for acute kidney injury were randomized. The baseline characteristics were comparable except for higher baseline B line score scores in the intervention arm. All patients received similar dialysis prescriptions. The lung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration arm had a higher change in B line scores (BLS) from baseline (4 [0–9.5] vs. 0 [0–4]; p value 0.004) during the first dialysis session. The predialysis BLS indexed to ultrafiltration (mL/kbw/h) were significantly lower in controls, reflecting a relatively higher rate of ultrafiltration in controls compared with intervention (p = 0.006). The total number of dialysis sessions done in the control and intervention arm were 61 and 59, respectively. Among controls, 23/61 sessions (37.7%) had intradialytic adverse events, whereas, in the intervention arm, only 4/59 sessions (6.7) had any adverse intradialytic events (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Lung ultrasound‐guided ultrafiltration was associated with a better safety profile, as demonstrated by reduced intradialytic events.
Exploring the impacts of task complexity, anxiety, and self‐efficacy on L2 written production: Unraveling individual differences in TBLT
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Goetze Julia
Published: July 2024

Applying the task‐based language teaching (TBLT) approach to L2 writing research has expanded to include learners’ affective factors and their potential impact on L2 production. However, two affective factors, L2 writing anxiety and self‐efficacy, have received scant research attention within the TBLT domain despite evidence to suggest that writing anxiety can diminish L2 written production and self‐efficacy can promote L2 written production. This exploratory study examined the interactions among L2 writing anxiety, L2 writing self‐efficacy, and L2 writing performance in a simple and complex task version. One hundred L2 learners at a university in the United States completed L2 writing anxiety and self‐efficacy questionnaires before performing two written argumentative tasks of varying cognitive complexity in a counterbalanced fashion, with a 1‐week interval. Correlational results show that L2 writing anxiety is negatively linked to lexical sophistication and fluency in the simple task, but positively linked to syntactic complexity and fluency in the complex task. L2 writing self‐efficacy was negatively linked to lexical diversity and fluency in the complex task. Overall, L2 writing anxiety and L2 writing self‐efficacy explained only very small amounts of variance in students’ written performance in both complex conditions, except for fluency in the simple task (R2 = 9.2%) and complexity in the complex task (R2 = 10.7%), which show medium‐sized effects. Our findings contradict existing studies and contribute to an enhanced understanding of the role affective individual differences play in L2 written performance.
Exemplification in student essay writing: A study of learner corpus of essay writing (LCEW)
Authors: Vijayakumar Chintalapalli
Published: July 2024

In academic writing, exemplification plays a crucial role in contextualizing complex ideational material through instances the readers can understand. In addition to illustrating ideas through concrete instances, the act of providing examples serves the purpose of helping the readers grasp the writer's intentions. However, strategically performing exemplification to elaborate the propositional material seems to be a challenge for many novice student writers. Although some studies have mentioned that students use significantly less frequently the exemplification resources in their writing, fewer studies have probed into EFL student writing to determine the problems they face in elaborating the ideas. Using the marker approach, which examines the discourse functions bottom‐up from markers to moves, the learner corpus of essay writing (LCEW) was analyzed for three major forms of exemplification: representation, argumentation, and analogy. The results indicate that the examples are strictly limited to certain patterns like specifying concepts through a subcategory and illustrating the arguments through everyday experiences. Moreover, many examples deviate from the usual patterns of exemplification causing confusion. These findings have pedagogic implications for academic writing courses in the EFL context.
Investigation of the relationship between attitudes toward migration and life satisfaction of nurses working in Turkey
Authors: Tuncer Metin , Tuncer Gülsüm Zekiye , Turan Şeyma , Khorshtd Leyla
Published: July 2024

Background

Nurse migration contributes to the nursing shortage in developing countries. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward migration and related factors is crucial for policy‐making and healthcare workforce planning in Turkey.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward migration and their life satisfaction in Turkey.

Methods

The study included working nurses with social media accounts on a social media platform in Turkey who followed nursing‐related content. A sample of 423 nurses completed an online survey. Independent variables included nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and inclination toward migration, while dependent variables were life satisfaction and migration attitude levels. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, incorporating the Brain Drain Attitude Scale (BDAS) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), between April and May 2023.

Results

The study found a negative correlation between nurses' life satisfaction levels and their attitudes toward migration (r = −.349, p < .001). Nurses dissatisfied with their profession (F = 6.575, p < .05), lacking professional support (F = 8.641, p < .05), and lacking social support (F = 6.307, p < .05) scored higher on the BDAS. Conversely, those satisfied with their profession (F = 31.455, p < .05), receiving professional support (F = 26.307, p < .05), and social support (F = 33.990, p < .05) scored higher on the LSS.

Conclusion and implications for nursing

The study revealed that decreased life satisfaction among nurses in Turkey correlates with increased migration attitudes. These results underscore the need for strategies to enhance nurses' job satisfaction and support systems to mitigate migration tendencies. This study contributes valuable insights into the high inclination of Turkish nurses toward emigration.
Influence of programming education modalities on the computational thinking in young children: A comprehensive review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Yonggang , Wang Lu , Tang Yi , Su Junyue , Lei Yaxian , Peng Wanran
Published: July 2024

Background

The pedagogy of computational thinking has gained extensive traction across numerous nations globally, with a particular emphasis on nurturing computational thinking in the formative years of early childhood. Nevertheless, the efficacy of diverse instructional approaches in the domain of programming education, with regards to fostering the advancement of computational thinking abilities in young children, remains a subject of ongoing debate.

Objectives

The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of programming education in fostering computational thinking skills in young children. The central focus revolves around a meticulous exploration of the influence exerted by diverse modalities of programming education on the cultivation of computational thinking abilities in early learners.

Methods

A total of 32 empirical studies were incorporated into the analysis. Out of these, 77 effect sizes were deemed to meet the predefined inclusion criteria for the present study. The statistical analysis was executed utilizing Stata version 17.0 software.

Results and Conclusions

The acquisition of programming skills can enhance the advancement of computational thinking in young children (Hedges's g = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [0.40, 0.58]), thereby yielding a moderate effect. When considering the triad of programming education modalities, it becomes evident that graphical programming surpasses both tangible programming and unplugged programming in terms of its efficacy in fostering the growth of computational thinking in young learners.

Implications

The foregoing contributes significantly to the systematic cultivation and augmentation of computational thinking skills in young children. It establishes a foundational framework for early childhood educators and instructional tool designers to effectively and purposefully impart programming knowledge to children.
Structural phenotyping in atrial fibrillation with combined cardiac CT and atrial MRI: Identifying and differentiating individual structural remodelling types in AF
Authors: Tonko Johanna , Lee Angela , Mannakkara N. , Williams Steven E. , Razavi Reza , Bishop Martin , O'Neill Mark , Niederer Steven , Whitaker John
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Atrial remodelling (AR) is the persistent change in atrial structure and/or function and contributes to the initiation, maintenance and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a reciprocal self‐perpetuating relationship. Left atrial (LA) size, geometry, fibrosis, wall thickness (LAWT) and ejection fraction (LAEF) have all been shown to vary with pathological atrial remodelling. The association of these global remodelling markers with each other for differentiating structural phenotypes in AF is not well investigated.

Method

Patients referred for first‐time AF ablation and controls without AF were prospectively recruited to undergo cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D atrial late‐gadolinium enhanced (LGE) sequences. LAWT, atrial myocardial mass, LA volume and sphericity were calculated from CT. Biplane LA EF and LA fibrosis burden were derived from atrial MRI. Results were compared between patients with AF and controls.

Results

Forty two AF patients (64.3% male, age 64.6 ± 10.2 years, CHA2DS2‐VASc 2.48 ± 1.5, 69.0% paroxysmal AF, 31% persistent AF, LVEF 57.9 ± 10.5%) and 37 controls (64.9% male, age 56.6 ± 7.2, CHA2DS2‐VASc 1.54 ± 1.1, LVEF 60.4 ± 4.9%) were recruited. Patients with AF had a significantly higher LAWT (1.45 ± 0.52 mm vs 1.12 ± 0.42 mm, p = 0.003), tissue mass (15.81 ± 6.53 g vs. 12.18 ± 5.01 g, p = 0.011), fibrosis burden (9.33 ± 8.35% vs 2.41 ± 3.60%, p = 0.013), left atrial size/volume (95.68 ± 26.63 mL vs 81.22 ± 20.64 mL, p = 0.011) and lower LAEF (50.3 ± 15.3% vs 65.2 ± 8.6%, p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no significant correlation between % fibrosis with LAWT (p = 0.29), mass (p = 0.89), volume (p = 0.49) or sphericity (p = 0.79). LAWT had a statistically significant weak positive correlation with LA volume (r = 0.25, p = .041), but not with sphericity (p = 0.86). LAEF had a statistically significant but weak negative correlation with fibrosis (r = −0.33, p = 0.008) and LAWT (r = −0.24, p = 0.07).

Conclusion

AF is associated with significant quantifiable structural changes that are evident in LA size, tissue thickness, total LA tissue mass and fibrosis. These individual remodelling markers do not or only weakly correlate with each other suggesting different remodelling subtypes exist (e.g. fibrotic vs hypertrophic vs dilated). If confirmed, such a detailed understanding of the structural changes observed has the potential to inform clinical management strategies targeting individual mechanisms underlying the disease process.
The association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension
Authors: Liang Cui , Zhao Ruixue , Du Jiaqi , Zhao Guojun , Zhang Yanzhou
Published: July 2024

Telomere length is closely linked to biological aging, oxidative stress, and the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in individuals with hypertension. Data on dietary selenium intake were captured through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) computer‐assisted dietary interview system (CADI). Telomere length determination entailed selecting blood samples from all participants in the NHANES database. The analysis was performed using Analysis System software, with Empower stats utilized for data analysis. Results showed that there was a significant association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group. In female hypertension cases, a 1 mcg increase in dietary selenium intake corresponded to a telomere length increase of 1.19 bp, even after adjusting for age, race, BMI, marital status, physical activity, energy intake, and stroke history. The relationship between dietary selenium intake and telomere length exhibited a linear pattern in female hypertension patients. This study identified a positive association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group.