bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Garcia David O. , Lander Eric M. , Wertheim Betsy C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Volpe Stella L. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Lessin Lawrence S. , Kuller Lewis H. , Thomson Cynthia A.
Published: July 2016

Background: Pet ownership and cancer are both highly prevalent in the United States. Evidence suggests that associations may exist between this potentially modifiable factor and cancer prevention, though studies are sparse. The present report examined whether pet ownership (dog, cat, or bird) is associated with lower risk for total cancer and site-specific obesity-related cancers.

Methods: This was a prospective analysis of 123,560 participants (20,981 dog owners; 19,288 cat owners; 1,338 bird owners; and 81,953 non-pet owners) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals for the association between pet ownership and cancer, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results: There were no significant relationships between ownership of a dog, cat, or bird and incidence of cancer overall. When site-specific cancers were examined, no associations were observed after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

Conclusion: Pet ownership had no association with overall cancer incidence.

Impact: This is the first large epidemiologic study to date to explore relationships between pet ownership and cancer risk, as well as associated risks for individual cancer types. This study requires replication in other sizable, diverse cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1311–6. ©2016 AACR.
A Survey of Speech-Language-Hearing Therapists' Career Situation and Challenges in Mainland China
Authors: Lin Qiang , Lu Jianliang , Chen Zhuoming , Yan Jiajian , Wang Hong , Ouyang Hui , Mou Zhiwei , Huang Dongfeng , O'Young Bryan
Published: June 2016

Aims: The aim of this survey was to investigate the background of speech-language pathologists and their training needs to provide a profile of the current state of the profession in Mainland China. Methods: A survey was conducted of 293 speech-language therapists. The questionnaire used asked questions related to their career background and had a 24-item ranking scale covering almost all of the common speech-language-hearing disorders. A summary of the raw data was constructed by calculating the average ranking score for each answer choice in order to determine the academic training needs with the highest preference among the respondents. Results: The majority of respondents were female, <35 years old and with a total service time of <5 years. More than three quarters of the training needs with the highest preference among the 24 items involved basic-level knowledge of common speech-language-hearing disorders, such as diagnosis, assessment and conventional treatment, but seldom specific advanced technology or current progress. Conclusion: The results revealed that speech-language therapists in Mainland China tend to be young, with little total working experience and at the first stage of their career. This may be due to the lack of systematic educational programs and national certification systems for speech-language therapists.
Current Concepts and Controversies in Innate Immunity of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Ralhan Anjali , Laval Julie , Lelis Felipe , Ballbach Marlene , Grund Charlotte , Hector Andreas , Hartl Dominik
Published: June 2016

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. The inflammatory response in CF is dominated by the activation of the innate immune system. Bacteria and fungi represent the key pathogens chronically colonizing the CF airways. In response, innate immune pattern recognition receptors, expressed by airway epithelial and myeloid cells, sense the microbial threat and release chemoattractants to recruit large numbers of neutrophils into CF airways. However, neutrophils fail to efficiently clear the invading pathogens, but instead release harmful proteases and oxidants and finally cause tissue injury. Here, we summarize and discuss current concepts and controversies in the field of innate immunity in CF lung disease, facing the ongoing questions of whether inflammation is good or bad in CF and how innate immune mechanisms could be harnessed therapeutically.
Selective COX-2 Inhibition Exerts No Negative Effects on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Allergic Asthmatics
Authors: Gafvelin Guro , Grundström Jeanette , Edin Grimheden Maria , Sánchez Vidaurre Sara , Daham Kameran , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Dahlén Barbro , van Hage Marianne
Published: July 2016

Background: Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reduces the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on allergic inflammation. Moreover, in vitro PGE2 has been shown to affect inflammation through the modulation of lymphocyte responses. Methods: Sixteen subjects with mild allergic asthma were recruited to a two-period cross-over study: one treatment period with the selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib and one without. Each treatment period ended with an airway challenge with the patient's relevant allergen. Antigen-specific proliferation with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1, was analysed in PBMCs. CD4+ T cells were phenotyped using flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of FOXP3 in anti-CD3-stimulated CD4+ cells were analysed. Results: No significant impact of in vivo inhibition of COX-2 was detected on the proportion of Th1, Th2, or Treg cells in peripheral blood. Likewise, the treatment had minor effects on the stimulated expression of FOXP3 mRNA in CD4+ T cells. Proliferation of PBMCs to the major cat allergen Fel d 1 was slightly reduced by etoricoxib treatment in cat-allergic patients. Conclusions: Short-term treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib had a minor impact on T-cell responses, supporting its safe use also in subjects exposed to triggers of lymphocyte activation.
Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Persistent Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion after Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A Clinical Effectiveness Study
Authors: Hong Jeong-Ho , Sohn Sung-Il , Kang Jihoon , Jang Min Uk , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Cha Jae Kwan , Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Jun , Lee Soo Joo , Ko Youngchai , Kim Jae Guk , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Cho Yong-Jin , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Ki-Hyun , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Jay Chol , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Ji-Sung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee-Joon
Published: June 2016

Background: There has been no large-scale trial comparing endovascular treatment (add-on EVT) after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and IV tPA alone in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO). We aimed at investigating the effectiveness and safety of add-on EVT after IV tPA in AIS patients with ICAO. Methods: Between March 2010 and March 2013, 3,689 consecutive ischemic stroke patients who were hospitalized within 4.5 h of onset were identified using a prospective stroke registry at 11 centers in Korea. Among them, patients with persistent ICAO after receiving IV tPA and whose 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was available were finally enrolled. A propensity score analysis with inverse-probability of treatment weighting was used to eliminate baseline imbalances between those receiving add-on EVT and IV tPA alone. Results: Among 264 patients enrolled in this study (mean age 71.4; male 56.4%; median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score 15), 117 (44.3%) received add-on EVT. The add-on EVT group had a higher frequency of favorable outcome on the mRS ≤2 (35.0 vs. 18.4%; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.79; 95% CI 1.66-4.67) and lower mortality (17.9 vs. 35.4%; aOR 0.24; 95% CI 0.13-0.42) at 3 months, when compared to the IV tPA-alone group. Add-on EVT did not significantly increase the risk of symptomatic hemorrhage (5.1 vs. 4.1%; aOR 1.01; 95% CI 0.37-2.70). The rate of successful recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade ≥2b) in the add-on EVT group was 69.2%. Conclusions: Compared to an IV tPA alone, add-on EVT can improve clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic ICAO within 4.5 h of onset without a significant increase of symptomatic hemorrhage.
Performance Evaluation of Modelling and Simulation of Lead Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Selmani A. , Ed-Dahhak A. , Outanoute M. , Lachhab A. , Guerbaoui M. , Bouchikhi B.
Published: July 2016

Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used energy storage units in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications. To make a full use of those batteries and to improve their lifecycle, high performance charger is often required. The implementation of an advanced charger needs accurate information on the batteries internal parameters. In this work, we selected CIEMAT model because of its good performance to deal with the widest range of lead acid batteries. The performance evaluation of this model is based on the co-simulation LabVIEW/Multisim. With the intention of determining the impact of the charging process on batteries, the behaviour of different internal parameters of the batteries was simulated. During the charging mode, the value of the current must decrease when the batteries’ state of charge is close to be fully charged.
Haemostatic biomarkers are associated with long-term recurrent vascular events after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Redfors Petra , Lundberg Linnea , Gils Ann , Declerck Paul J. , Nilsson Staffan , Jood Katarina , Jern Christina , Pedersen Annie
Published: June 2016

Ischaemic stroke patients continue to be at risk for recurrent vascular events for many years. Predictors of long-term prognosis are needed. It was the objective of this study to investigate levels of four haemostatic proteins as long-term predictors of recurrent vascular events after ischaemic stroke. We prospectively followed 548 ischaemic stroke patients, 18–69 years, and registered recurrent vascular events. Plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), von Willebrand factor (VWF), fibrinogen and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activation peptide (TAFI-AP) were measured three months after index stroke. Cox regression models were used to assess associations to outcomes for single biomarkers and for a combined biomarker measure. For single biomarkers significantly associated with any of the outcomes, we performed subanalyses stratified for age, sex, diabetes and atherosclerosis. During 5,637 person-years of follow-up, we registered 74 vascular deaths, 90 recurrent strokes and 62 coronary events. Levels of t-PA, VWF and fibrinogen were significantly associated with vascular death and coronary events. After adjustment, the association between t-PA and vascular death remained (HR per 1 SD increase in plasma level 1.27, 95 % CI 1.00–1.61, p=0.047). The combined effect of t-PA, VWF and fibrinogen was associated with coronary events (adjusted HR 1.35, 1.02–1.80, p=0.04). In non-diabetic patients, an association with coronary events was seen for VWF levels (adjusted HR 2.23, 1.45–3.43, p<0.01). In conclusion, plasma levels of haemostatic factors were associated with vascular death and coronary events, but not with recurrent stroke. Our results suggest that the predictive value of biomarkers differ by specific outcome measure and subgroup of patients.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Deleting myeloid IL-10 receptor signalling attenuates atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice by altering intestinal cholesterol fluxes
Authors: Brufau Gemma , Gijbels Marion J. J. , Wolfs Ine M. J. , van der Velden Saskia , Pöttgens Chantal C. H. , Vergouwe Monique N. , Wijnands Erwin , Beckers Linda , Goossens Pieter , Kerksiek Anja , Havinga Rick , Müller Werner , Lütjohann Dieter , Groen Albert K. , Lauran Stöger J. , Boshuizen Marieke C. S. , de Winther Menno P. J.
Published: June 2016

Inflammatory responses and cholesterol homeostasis are interconnected in atherogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, known to suppress atherosclerosis development. However, the specific cell types responsible for the atheroprotective effects of IL-10 remain to be defined and knowledge on the actions of IL-10 in cholesterol homeostasis is scarce. Here we investigated the functional involvement of myeloid IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. To do so, bone marrow from IL-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) wild-type and myeloid IL-10R1-deficient mice was transplanted to lethally irradiated female LDLR-/- mice. Hereafter, mice were given a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks after which atherosclerosis development and cholesterol metabolism were investigated. In vitro, myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency resulted in a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. However, in vivo significantly reduced lesion size and severity was observed. This phenotype was associated with lower myeloid cell accumulation and more apoptosis in the lesions. Additionally, a profound reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol was observed upon myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency, which was reflected in plaque lipid content. This decreased hypercholesterolaemia was associated with lowered very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, likely as a response to decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption. In addition, IL-10R1 deficient mice demonstrated substantially higher faecal sterol loss caused by increased non-biliary cholesterol efflux. The induction of this process was linked to impaired ACAT2-mediated esterification of liver and plasma cholesterol. Overall, myeloid cells do not contribute to IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. In addition, this study demonstrates a novel connection between IL-10-mediated inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. These findings make us reconsider IL-10 as a beneficial influence on atherosclerosis.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 auto-antibodies as active modulators of atherothrombosis
Authors: Carbone Federico , Burger Fabienne , Roth Aline , Bertolotto Maria , Pane Bianca , Spinella Giovanni , Palombo Domenico , Pende Aldo , Dallegri Franco , Satta Nathalie , Virzi Julien , Fontana Pierre , Mach François , Montecucco Fabrizio , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Pagano Sabrina
Published: June 2016

Humoral autoimmune-mediated inflammation plays a role in atherogenesis, and potentially in arterial thrombosis. Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) IgG have been reported to represent emergent mediators of atherogenesis through Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4 and CD14 signalling. We investigated the role of anti-apoA-1 IgG on tissue factor (TF) expression and activation, a key coagulation regulator underlying atherothrombosis. Atherothrombosis features were determined by immunohistochemical TF staining of human carotid biopsies derived from patients with severe carotid stenosis undergoing elective surgery (n=176), and on aortic roots of different genetic backgrounds mice (ApoE-/-; TLR2-/-ApoE-/- and TLR4-/-ApoE-/-) exposed to passive immunisation with anti-apoA-1 IgG. Human serum levels of anti-apoA-1 IgG were measured by ELISA. In vitro, on human-monocyte-derived-macrophages (HMDM) the anti-apoA-1 IgG increased TF expression and activity were analysed by FACS and chromogenic assays in presence of different pharmacological inhibitors. Human serum anti-apoA-1 IgG levels significantly correlated to intraplaque TF expression in carotid biopsies (r=0.31, p<0.001), which was predictive of clinically symptomatic lesions. On HMDM, anti-apoA-1 IgG induced a TLR2, 4 and CD14-dependent increase in TF expression and activity, involving NF-kappaB and a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent AP-1 transcription factors. In ApoE-/- mice, anti-apoA-1 IgG passive immunisation significantly enhanced intraplaque TF expression when compared to control IgG. This effect was lost in both TLR2-/-ApoE-/- and TLR4-/-ApoE-/- mice. These results demonstrate that anti-apoA-1 IgG are associated with TF expression in human atherosclerotic plaques, induce TF expression in vitro and in vivo through TLR2 and 4 signalling, supporting a possible causal relationship between anti-apoA-1 IgG and atherothrombosis.
A vida verdadeira do Sambizanga em tempos de viragem
Authors: Lisboa Edimara
Published: July 2016

O filme Sambizanga (1972), de Sarah Maldoror, adaptação da novela A vida verdadeira de Domingos Xavier (1961), de José Luandino Vieira, reapresenta ficcionalmente o entorno de um dos episódios-estopim da luta de libertação de Angola, considerado mesmo o marco inicial da guerra pelo MPLA, o ataque à Casa de Reclusão Militar, em Luanda, a 4 de fevereiro de 1961. Neste artigo será discutido o processo de adaptação empregado nesse filme e analisadas possibilidades de sentido oferecidas pela leitura comparada com seu texto-fonte.
Machado lê Camões: releitura de poesia na clave do descontentamento
Authors: Rangel Vagner Leite
Published: July 2016

Objetiva-se apresentar a emulação do soneto petrarquiano num poema de Luís Vaz de Camões (1524-1580) e de Machado de Assis (1839-1908). Para tanto, recorre-se à ideia de emulação, presente nos textos críticos de Machado de Assis, para então apreciarmos “Alma gentil, que te partiste”, apropriação camoniana daquele tipo de soneto, e “A Carolina”, apropriação machadiana da tradição, tanto no aspecto formal (o soneto petrarquiano) quanto no aspecto conteudístico (o soneto camoniano), inspiração de “A Carolina”. Hipótese principal: a forma soneto serviria ao eu-lírico camoniano para homenagear a amada, ao passo que serviria ao machadiano para anunciar a dimensão de seu infortúnio irreparável, imprimindo ao soneto um tom elegíaco. Conclusão: sob o ponto de vista quinhentista, Camões expressaria o descontentamento e encontraria a sua solução no lenitivo religioso, mas, sob o ponto de vista moderno, este será recusada por Machado, que dará, como veremos, outra solução ao problema.
A contaminação discursiva na obra Pequenas epifanias, de Caio Fernando Abreu
Authors: Batista Adriane Figueira
Published: July 2016

Tomando como ponto de partida a contaminação discursiva, utilizar-se-á a obra Pequenas Epifanias, de Caio Fernando Abreu, para levantar questões sobre direitos humanos, liberdades individuais e pânicos coletivos. O HIV/AIDS foi e continua sendo encarado por meio de ideias que não são, necessariamente, realidades científicas, mas que agregadas aos contextos social, cultural e político, dividem-se em convencional e não convencional, criando um aparato falacioso e excludente
A Relação entre espectador e obra de arte
Authors: Ramaldes Karine
Published: June 2016

Neste estudo, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, faço a explanação de pontos que considero significativos na relação entre o espectador e a obra de arte, sendo eles: alguns termos mais utilizados para denominar essa relação espectador e obra de arte; a relevância do espectador na concretização da obra de arte; o processo de transformação simbólica da experiência do espectador. Meu objetivo é aprofundar os estudos relacionados ao assunto partindo de conceitos utilizados especialmente por John Dewey, Patrice Pavis e Susanne Langer.
Education in Prisons and Public University: Reflections on the Role of University Extension
Authors: Silva Roberto Da , Oliveira Carolina Bessa Ferreira de
Published: June 2016

O artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre as possibilidades de extensão universitária, a partir do seu papel instituído, no contexto da Educação nas prisões, com foco na Universidade Pública. Para tanto, parte das origens e objetivos da extensão universitária, seu histórico e fundamentos, e analisa o potencial extensionista em relação ao sistema prisional, problematizando a situação do Estado de São Paulo, cuja popula- ção prisional é, quantitativamente, a maior do Brasil e onde a extensão universitária nesse contexto revela uma inflexão na postura do Estado. Utiliza-se a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e análise da legislação atinente ao tema. Dentre as principais considerações finais, aponta-se a carência de estudos e ações de extensão universitária no âmbito do sistema prisional, o que resulta em grande lacuna a ser trabalhada pelas Universidades Públicas, no exercício de seu papel extensionista
A abolição do estanco do sal e a arquitetura de poderes na Capitania de São Paulo 1795-1806
Authors: Aidar Bruno
Published: June 2016

Considerada um dos pilares das reformas liberais do Império colonial português ao início do século XIX, o objetivo do artigo é analisar a abolição do estanco do sal a partir da dinâmica dos poderes locais e regional na capitania de São Paulo. O estudo destaca os interesses envolvidos no abastecimento de sal e as mudanças na arquitetura de poderes no interior da capitania decorrentes do encaminhamento da reforma de 1801.
A weberianização do mundo
Authors: Mata Sérgio da
Published: July 2016

(primeiro parágrafo da resenha)Uma das mais sedutoras teses presentes na obra madura de Max Weber é a que postula um processo geral, inexorável, de “racionalização do mundo”. Vista de uma perspectiva brasileira, não é preciso dizer o quão ambiciosa, até mesmo quimérica, tal tese pode parecer. O virtual emperramento do nosso sistema político desde as grandes manifestações de junho de 2013 – com sua recusa explícita dos partidos e a denegação do direito de ir e vir como estratégia privilegiada de pressão dos grupos à margem (direita ou esquerda, pouco importa) do poder –, o caos das contas e da saúde pública, a recusa em aceitar como fato o caráter finito dos recursos naturais, os níveis alarmantes de violência interpessoal, a crise de legitimidade de uma presidente recém-eleita, o autismo generalizado, tudo isso sugere que a filosofia weberiana da história tem lá os seus limites.
Cathepsin S Activity Controls Injury-Related Vascular Repair in Mice via the TLR2-Mediated p38MAPK and PI3K−Akt/p-HDAC6 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Hongxian , Cheng Xian Wu , Hu Lina , Takeshita Kyosuke , Hu Chen , Du Qiuna , Li Xiang , Zhu Enbo , Huang Zhe , Yisireyili Maimaiti , Zhao Guangxian , Piao Limei , Inoue Aiko , Jiang Haiying , Lei Yanna , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Shaowen , Dai Qiuyan , Kuzuya Masafumi , Shi Guo-Ping , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Cathepsin S (CatS) participates in atherogenesis through several putative mechanisms. The ability of cathepsins to modify histone tail is likely to contribute to stem cell development. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is required in modulating the proliferation and migration of various types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the cross talk between CatS and HADC6 in injury-related vascular repair in mice.

Approach and Results—

Ligation injury to the carotid artery in mice increased the CatS expression, and CatS-deficient mice showed reduced neointimal formation in injured arteries. CatS deficiency decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 and toll-like receptor 2 expression in ligated arteries. The genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CatS also alleviated the increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition and Akt inhibition decreased the phospho-HDAC6 levels. Moreover, CatS inhibition caused decrease in the levels of the HDAC6 activity in VSMCs in response to platelet-derived growth factor BB. The HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A downregulated platelet-derived growth factor–induced VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas HDAC6 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Tubastatin A also decreased the intimal VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. Toll-like receptor 2 silencing decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 and VSMC migration and proliferation.

Conclusions—

This is the first report detailing cross-interaction between toll-like receptor 2–mediated CatS and HDAC6 during injury-related vascular repair. These data suggest that CatS/HDAC6 could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of vascular diseases that are involved in neointimal lesion formation.
Loss of Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1 Confers Resistance to the Antiatherogenic Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibition
Authors: Zhu Lin , Giunzioni Ilaria , Tavori Hagai , Covarrubias Roman , Ding Lei , Zhang Youmin , Ormseth Michelle , Major Amy S. , Stafford John M. , Linton MacRae F. , Fazio Sergio
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Antiatherosclerotic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blockade in patients with systemic inflammatory states are not conclusively demonstrated, which suggests that effects depend on the cause of inflammation. Macrophage LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1) and apoE contribute to inflammation through different pathways. We studied the antiatherosclerosis effects of TNF-α blockade in hyperlipidemic mice lacking either LRP1 (MΦLRP1
−/−
) or apoE from macrophages.

Approach and Results—

Lethally irradiated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)
−/−
mice were reconstituted with bone marrow from either wild-type, MΦLRP1
−/−
, apoE
−/−
or apoE
−/−
/MΦLRP1
−/−
(DKO) mice, and then treated with the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab while fed a Western-type diet. Adalimumab reduced plasma TNF-α concentration, suppressed blood ly6C
hi
monocyte levels and their migration into the lesion, and reduced lesion cellularity and inflammation in both wild-type→LDLR
−/−
and apoE
−/−
→LDLR
−/−
mice. Overall, adalimumab reduced lesion burden by 52% to 57% in these mice. Adalimumab reduced TNF-α and blood ly6C
hi
monocyte levels in MΦLRP1
−/−
→LDLR
−/−
and DKO→LDLR
−/−
mice, but it did not suppress ly6C
hi
monocyte migration into the lesion or atherosclerosis progression.

Conclusions—

Our results show that TNF-α blockade exerts antiatherosclerotic effects that are dependent on the presence of macrophage LRP1.
Association of Skin Autofluorescence Levels With Kidney Function Decline in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Schutte Elise , de Vos Lisanne C. , Lutgers Helen L. , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Vart Priya , Zeebregts Clark J. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Lefrandt Joop D.
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a measure of advanced glycation end product accumulation, is associated with kidney function. We investigated the association of SAF with rate of kidney function decline in a cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease.

Approach and Results—

We performed a post hoc analysis of an observational longitudinal cohort study. We included 471 patients with peripheral artery disease, and SAF was measured at baseline. Primary end point was rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. Secondary end points were incidence of eGFR <60 and <45 mL/min/1.73 m
2
and rapid eGFR decline, defined as a decrease in eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m
2
/y. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the mean change in eGFR per year was −1.8±4.4 mL/min/1.73 m
2
/y. No significant difference in rate of eGFR decline was observed per 1 arbitrary unit increase in SAF (−0.1 mL/min/1.73 m
2
/y; 95% confidence interval, −0.7 to 0.5;
P
=0.8). Analyses of the secondary end points showed that there was an association of SAF with incidence of eGFR <60 and <45 mL/min/1.73 m
2
(hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.10;
P
=0.006 and hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.59;
P
=0.004, respectively), but after adjustment for age and sex, significance was lost. There was no association of SAF with rapid eGFR decline.

Conclusions—

In conclusion, in this cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease, elevated SAF was associated with lower baseline eGFR. Although SAF has previously been established as a predictor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, it did not predict the rate of kidney function decline during follow-up in this study.
Smooth Muscle Cell–Derived Interleukin-17C Plays an Atherogenic Role via the Recruitment of Proinflammatory Interleukin-17A
+
T Cells to the Aorta
Authors: Butcher Matthew J. , Waseem Tayab C. , Galkina Elena V.
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Atherosclerosis is characterized by frequent communication between infiltrating leukocytes and vascular cells, through chemokine and cytokine networks. Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) is detectable within atherosclerotic lesions; however, the potential involvement of this cytokine has not been examined. Thus, we sought to investigate the role of IL-17C in atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

The expression of IL-17 cytokines was profiled within aortas of apolipoprotein E double knockout (
Apoe
−/−
) mice, and
Il17c
expression was elevated. Flow cytometry experiments revealed a major population of aortic IL-17C–producing smooth muscle cells. Next, we generated
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
mice and demonstrated that atherosclerotic lesion and collagen content was diminished within Western diet–fed
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
aortas and aortic roots in comparison to
Apoe
−/−
controls. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were mainly responsible for the reduced
Col1A1
expression in the aorta of
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
mice. Importantly, IL-17C–treated
Apoe
−/−
aortas showed upregulated
Col1A1
expression ex vivo.
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
mice displayed a proportional reduction in aortic macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, T helper 1 cells, and T regulatory cells, without corresponding changes in the peripheral immune composition. Examination of aortic IL-17A
+
T-cell receptor γδ T cells and Th17 cells demonstrated a stark reduction in the percentage and number of these subsets within
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
versus
Apoe
−/−
mice. Explanted 12-week Western diet–fed
Apoe
−/−
aortas treated with IL-17C resulted in the induction of multiple vascular chemokines and cytokines. Th17 cells demonstrated attenuated migration toward supernatants from cultures of
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
smooth muscle cells, and short-term homing experiments revealed diminished recruitment of Th17 cells to the aorta of
Il17c
−/−
Apoe
−/−
recipients.

Conclusions—

Smooth muscle cell–derived IL-17C plays a proatherogenic role by supporting the recruitment of Th17 cells to atherosclerotic lesions.
Natural History of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: Puggia Ilaria , Merlo Marco , Barbati Giulia , Rowland Teisha J. , Stolfo Davide , Gigli Marta , Ramani Federica , Di Lenarda Andrea , Mestroni Luisa , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: July 2016

Background

The long‐term progression of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (
DCM
) in pediatric patients compared with adult patients has not been previously characterized. In this study, we compared outcome and long‐term progression of pediatric and adult
DCM
populations.

Methods and Results

Between 1988 and 2014, 927
DCM
patients were consecutively enrolled. The pediatric population (aged <18 years at enrollment) included 47 participants (5.1%). At presentation, the pediatric population compared with adult patients had a significantly increased occurrence of familial forms (
P
=0.03), shorter duration of heart failure (
P
=0.04), lower systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.01), decreased presence of left bundle‐branch block (
P
=0.001), and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (
P
=0.03). Despite these baseline differences, long‐term longitudinal trends of New York Heart Association class
III
to
IV
, left ventricular dimensions, left ventricular ejection fraction, and restrictive filling pattern were similar between the 2 populations. Regarding survival analysis, because of the size difference between the 2 populations, we compared the pediatric population with a sample of adult patients randomly matched using the above‐mentioned baseline differences in a 3:1 ratio (141 adult versus 47 pediatric patients). During a median follow‐up of 110 months, survival free from heart transplantation was significantly lower among pediatric patients compared with adults (
P
<0.001). Furthermore, pediatric age (ie, <18 years) was found to be associated with an increasing risk of both death from pump failure and life‐threatening arrhythmias.

Conclusions

Despite the pediatric
DCM
population having higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and similar long‐term echocardiographic progression compared with the adult
DCM
population, the pediatric
DCM
patients had worse cardiovascular prognosis.
Victim Participation in the Criminal Justice System in the European Union through Private Prosecutions: Issues Emerging from the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: July 2016

Private prosecutions are one of the ways through which crime victims in many European countries participate in the criminal justice system. However, there seems to be a reluctance at the Council of Europe level to strengthen a victim’s right to institute a private prosecution. In a 1985 Recommendation, the Committee of Ministers stated that ‘[t]he victim should have the right to ask for a review by a competent authority of a decision not to prosecute, or the right to institute private proceeding.’ Later in 2000 in the Recommendation Rec (2000)19 on the role of public prosecution in the criminal justice system, the Committee of Ministers calls upon Member States to ‘authorise’ victims to institute private prosecutions. Directive 2012/29/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 is silent on private prosecutions. The dg Justice Guidance Document related to the transposition and implementation of Directive 2012/29/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 discourages private prosecutions. However, private prosecutions take part in many European countries. It is thus important to highlight some of the issues that have emerged from different European countries on the issue of private prosecutions. Case law from the European Court of Human Rights shows that private prosecutions take place in many European countries. This article, based on case law of the European Court of Human Rights, highlights the following issues with regards to private prosecutions: the right to institute a private prosecution; who may institute a private prosecution? private prosecution after state declines to prosecute; state intervention in a private prosecution; and private prosecution as a domestic remedy which has to be exhausted before a victim of crime approaches the European Court of Human Rights. The author argues that there is a need to recognise the right to private prosecution at the European Union level.
All Aboard!: Science and Ship Culture in Sixteenth-Century Oceanic Voyages
Authors: Leitão Henrique
Published: July 2016

The onset of regular long-distance oceanic voyages created novel conditions for the practice of science in late fifteenth and early sixteenth-century Europe. A sixteenth-century Indiaman was the most advanced and sophisticated machine of its time; life on board was very harsh but it was also profoundly shaped by technology, artisanal practices and by contact with new and surprising realities. For the many thousands of Europeans who traveled by sea in the early modern period such an experience led to the reshaping of many ideas and to lasting changes in their perception of nature, the value of technology and the mores of artisans.
Language Mixture, Contact and Semiotic Dynamics: Some Thoughts in Counterpoint to Schuchardt’s Approach
Authors: Nicolaï Robert
Published: June 2016

This paper compares the conceptual framework of Schuchardt’s perspective on language mixing (or at least my representation of it) with that of ‘semiotic dynamics’ as presented in several of my earlier works (Nicolaï, 2011, 2012a). These two approaches entail a same interest in the activities of individuals and groups (communication actors, etc.) who, in their ordinary usage, produce and transform languages. Thus the framework of semiotic dynamics introduces conceptualizations, obviously developed independently of the process which « Slawo-deutsches und Slawo-italienisches » exemplifies, but which, despite differing trajectories, intersects with it. This intersection justifies my assertion as to the work’s modernity and the usefulness of reviewing it. At the same time, this review broadens the scope of research and reflections in this field.

In counterpoint, I will look into the justified (or not) propensity of scholars and documenters to consider a priori the objects-languages with which they work as constitutively homogeneous entities, albeit subject to modification and transformation by a (contingent) contact situation.
Rhodocybe tugrulii (Agaricales, Entolomataceae), a new species from Turkey and Estonia based on morphological and molecular data, and a new combination in Clitocella (Entolomataceae)
Authors: VIZZINI ALFREDO , BARONI TIMOTHY J , SESLI ERTUGRUL , ANTONÍN VLADIMÍR , SAAR IRJA
Published: June 2016

Rhodocybe tugrulii sp. nov. is described based on both morphological and molecular data (analysis of nrITS and nrLSU sequences) from Zigana Mountain, Trabzon, Turkey and Lääne County, Estonia. It is distinguished by the grey to beige or slightly reddish brown basidiomata, a small, convex to hemispheric, cracked pileus surface, decurrent lamellae; a pruinose and cylindrical stipe; 2- or 4- spored basidia; and hyaline, somewhat angular to broadly ellipsoid, sometimes obscurely bumpy, on average 5.9 × 4.9 μm inamyloid basidiospores. Colour photographs of fresh basidiomata and of the main micromorphological features and a comparison with the allied species are included. Based on molecular evidence, Clitocella obscura comb. nov. is proposed.
A new species of Inocybe representing the Nothocybe lineage
Authors: LATHA K. P. DEEPNA , MANIMOHAN PATINJAREVEETTIL , MATHENY P. BRANDON
Published: June 2016

Inocybe distincta sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India. A comprehensive description, photographs, line drawings and comments are provided. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), a portion of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) and a portion of the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) gene of this species were sequenced and analyzed. BLASTn searches using nrLSU and RPB2 sequences and subsequent ML phylogenetic analysis of combined nrLSU and RPB2 sequences confirmed that Inocybe distincta is a representative of the Nothocybe lineage. As the Nothocybe lineage is assumed to have affinities to I. cutifracta, and as there are different interpretations of that species, we examined the holotype of I. cutifracta collected by T. Petch and another collection from Sri Lanka identified as I. cutifracta by D. N. Pegler, and we present here our observations on these collections.
Ceramothyrium longivolcaniforme sp. nov., a new species of Chaetothyriaceae from northern Thailand
Authors: ZENG XIANG-YU , WEN TING-CHI , CHOMNUNTI PUTARAK , LIU JIAN-KUI , BOONMEE SARANYAPHAT , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: June 2016

Two species of Ceramothyrium were found on dead leaves in northern Thailand. They have mycelial pellicles covered the ascomata, with a circumferential space filled with sparse mycelium. Based on their morphology and phylogenetic analyses of a combined LSU and ITS dataset, one taxon is introduced as a new species, Ceramothyrium longivolcaniforme sp. nov., and one is identified as C. thailandicum. This new species is characterized by an elongate, thick mycelial pellicle and muriform ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath, and is phylogenetically related to C. podocarpi.
Lentithecium cangshanense sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae) from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: SU HONG-YAN , LUO ZONG-LONG , LIU XIAO-YING , SU XI-JUN , HU DIAN-MING , ZHOU DE-QUN , BAHKALI ALI H. , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: June 2016

Lentithecium cangshanense sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Dothideomycetes), was found on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream in Yunnan Province, China. The species is characterized by its black, semi-immersed to superficial, globose ascomata, cylindrical or obclavate, short pedicellate, bitunicate asci and bi-seriate, fusiform, 1-septate, yellowish to brown ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data show that L. cangshanense belongs in the family Lentitheciaceae, order Pleosporales and is a distinct species in the genus. The new species is introduced with an illustrated account and compared with morphologically and phylogenetically similar species.
Two new species of the genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pamphagidae) from China
Authors: YE BAO-HUA , YIN ZHAN , LI XIN-JIANG
Published: June 2016

Two new species of the genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 from China are described in this paper. The new species Haplotropis xiai sp. nov. is similar to Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888, but differs from latter by frontal ridge of male widened at median ocellus; tegmina narrower, cover 2/5 tympanum; cercus of male apical half part gently tapering; lower margin of epiphallus with high projection in the middle; anterior margin of pronotum in female with distinct acute angular in middle; length of subgenital plate shorter than width in female. The Haplotropis zhuoluensis sp. nov. is similar to Haplotropis xiai sp. nov., but differs from latter by anterior margin of pronotum reaching hind margin of eyes; length of temina is 1.6 times in male and 1.3 times in female of width; length of interspace shorter than narrowest in mesosternum of male; ancorae of epiphallus oblique inward distinctly, lower margin with high projection in the middle; length of subgenital plate longer than width in female. Type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
An annotated checklist of species in the family Lagenophryidae (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea, Peritrichia), With a brief review of their taxonomy, morphology, and biogeography
Authors: MAYÉN-ESTRADA ROSAURA , CLAMP JOHN C.
Published: July 2016

The genera Lagenophrys Stein, 1852, Paralagenophrys Clamp, 1987, Clistolagenophrys Clamp, 1991, and Operculigera Kane, 1969 make up the family Lagenophryidae and, together, contain more than 80 species worldwide that live mainly as ectosymbionts of crustaceans. Lagenophryids are characterized by possession of a lorica, but the lorica aperture and the associated parts of the body differ between genera. Despite their widespread distribution, relatively few papers have been published on lagenophryids in recent years, and the present paper is intended to promote research on lagenophryids by providing an annotated checklist of all known species and a brief review of the family, including data of their geographic distribution and their hosts.
One new species of the genus Nigrimacula Shi, Bian & Zhou, 2016 (Orthoptera: Meconematinae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: WANG HAI-JIAN , SHI FU-MING
Published: July 2016

The paper describels one new species, i.e. Nigrimacula sichuanensis Wang & Shi, sp. nov. from Sichuan, China, and provides photographs of morphological characters. The type material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Two new species of the deep-sea genus Parameiropsis (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the eastern central Pacific
Authors: CHO DAE HYUN , WI JIN HEE , SUH HAE-LIP
Published: July 2016

Two new species of Parameiropsis are herein described that were identified from the Korean Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) in the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, located in the eastern central Pacific. Parameiropsis kodosensis n. sp. is similar to P. magnus Itô, 1983 in two key respects: the presence of a distal seta on the syncoxa of the maxilliped, and the general features of its swimming legs. However, P. kodosensis can be differentiated from P. magnus by a higher length-to-width ratio of the caudal ramus (2.5:1 and 1:1 respectively), the setal number on the exp-3 of P1, and the exp and benp of P5 are separated in P. kodosensis, while they are fused in P. magnus. Parameiropsis tetraspinosa n. sp. resembles P. peruanus Becker, 1974 in the absence of a fused seta in the outermost spine on the endopod of antenna and the general features of the swimming legs. However, P. tetraspinosa can be distinguished from P. peruanus by a higher length-to-width ratio of the caudal ramus (3.9:1 and 2.3:1 respectively), the presence of a distal seta on the syncoxa of the maxilliped, and by its medially fused P5. In this study full descriptions and a comparison with previously described species are provided. Additionally, a key to females of Parameiropsis species is given.
Lectotype designations and taxonomic corrections on Neotropical Scutelleridae described by G. Breddin (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: RÉDEI DÁVID , TSAI JING-FU , EGER JOSEPH E., Jr.
Published: July 2016

Lectotypes are designated and documented for the following species and infrasubspecific taxa: Dystus villosus Breddin, 1904; Lobothyreus breviceps Breddin, 1914; Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) var. laetissimus Breddin, 1906 (originally proposed as var. laetissima); P. torridus var. moestissimus Breddin, 1906 (originally proposed as var. moestissima); Polytes speculiger Breddin, 1914. The identities of the taxa in concern are clarified. The following new junior subjective synonyms are proposed: Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) = P. torridus var. laetissimus Breddin, 1906, syn. nov., = P. torridus var. moestissimus Breddin, 1906, syn. nov.
Uncertainty Characteristics of Total Water Path Retrievals in Shallow Cumulus Derived from Spaceborne Radar/Radiometer Integral Constraints
Authors: Lebsock Matthew D. , Suzuki Kentaroh
Published: June 2016

A precipitating marine cumulus cloud simulation is coupled to radiation propagation models to simulate active and passive microwave observations at 94 GHz. The simulations are used to examine the error characteristics of the total water path retrieved from the integral constraints of the passive microwave brightness temperature or the path-integrated attenuation (PIA) using a spatial interpolation technique. Three sources of bias are considered: 1) the misdetection of cloudy pixels as clear, 2) the systematic differences in the column water vapor between cloudy and clear skies, and 3) the nonuniform beamfilling effects on the observables. The first two sources result in biases on the order of 5–10 g m−2 of opposite signs that tend to cancel. The third source results in a bias that increases monotonically with the water path that approaches 50%. Nonuniform beamfilling is sensitive to footprint size. Random error results from both instrument measurement precision and the natural variability in the relationship between the water path and the observables. Random errors for the retrievals using the CloudSat PIA are estimated to be the larger of either 20 g m−2 or 30%. A radar/radiometer system with a measurement precision of 0.3 K or 0.05 dB could reduce this error to the larger of either 10 g m−2 or 30%. All error mechanisms reported here result from variability in either the spatial structure of the atmosphere or the hydrometeor drop size distribution. The results presented here are specific to the cloud simulation and in general the magnitude will vary globally.